bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The generalizability crisis
Authors: Yarkoni Tal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned – that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here, I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used class of model in psychology – the linear mixed model – I explore the consequences of failing to statistically operationalize verbal hypotheses in a way that respects researchers' actual generalization intentions. I demonstrate that although the “random effect” formalism is used pervasively in psychology to model intersubject variability, few researchers accord the same treatment to other variables they clearly intend to generalize over (e.g., stimuli, tasks, or research sites). The under-specification of random effects imposes far stronger constraints on the generalizability of results than most researchers appreciate. Ignoring these constraints can dramatically inflate false-positive rates, and often leads researchers to draw sweeping verbal generalizations that lack a meaningful connection to the statistical quantities they are putatively based on. I argue that failure to take the alignment between verbal and statistical expressions seriously lies at the heart of many of psychology's ongoing problems (e.g., the replication crisis), and conclude with a discussion of several potential avenues for improvement.
In peace and war: birth control and population policies in Norway (1930–1945)
Authors: Andresen Astri , Elvbakken Kari Tove 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile Norway in the 1930s had relatively liberal policies with regard to access to contraceptives, and an increasing number of legal abortions were carried out, the regime that was installed after occupation in 1940 reined them in, fuelled not only by Nazi ideology but by what new the regime saw as a most threatening population decrease. With reference to population policies in other West-European countries, this article compares Norwegian population policies under occupation with that of the 1930s, discusses if the policy towards all groups were the same, and the extent to which the new policies contributed to increasing birth rates in occupied Norway.
The Democratic and Republican Governors Associations and the Nationalization of American Party Politics, 1961–1968
Authors: Sparacino Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the origins and early activities of the Democratic and Republican Governors Associations (DGA and RGA, respectively) from the RGA's initial founding in 1961 through the 1968 national nominating conventions. I argue that the formations of these organizations were key moments in the transition from a decentralized to a more integrated and nationally programmatic party system. The DGA and RGA represent gubernatorial concern for and engagement in the development of national party programs and the national party organizations. Governors formed these groups because of the increasing importance of national government programs on the affairs of state governments and the recognition on the part of governors that national partisan politics was having critical effects on electoral outcomes at the state level, through the reputations of the national parties. To varying extents, the governors used these organizations to promote the national parties and contributed to national party-building efforts and the development of national party brands.
EARLY COLONIALISM AND POPULATION MOVEMENT AT THE MISSION SAN BERNABÉ, GUATEMALA
Authors: Freiwald Carolyn , Miller Wolf Katherine A. , Pugh Timothy , Rand Asta J. , Fullagar Paul D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColonialism came late to northern Guatemala. The Spanish began to establish missions in the Peten Lakes region in the early 1700s, nearly 200 years after initial contact with the Mayas. Excavations in 2011–2012 at the Mission San Bernabé revealed European goods, nonnative animal species, and burial patterns that marked a new lifestyle. Who lived at the Mission San Bernabé, and where did they come from? The Spanish resettled indigenous populations to facilitate the colonization process; however, isotopic data are inconsistent with large population movements. Instead, strontium and oxygen isotope values in the tooth enamel and bones of individuals buried at the mission suggest a mostly local population. The data suggest in-migration from Belize, a region under nominal Spanish control, but with pre-Hispanic ties to the Peten. Changes did not come from migrants crossing a border; instead, the border itself moved and brought the colonial world to the Peten Mayas.
Across the Great Divide: Popular Music Studies and the Public
Authors: HAMILTON JACK 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis contribution reflects on the historical and present condition of the academic field of popular music studies' relationship to the non-academic public, particularly within the context of increased institutional demands for scholarly ‘public engagement'. I begin by discussing various reasons why a continued, sustained engagement with non-academic voices and communities should remain a central priority of popular music studies. I then move to a discussion of certain vantage points and modes of expertise that popular music scholars can offer to broader musical publics, particularly as relating to the political economy of commercial music media and urgent necessities of historical archiving and preservation. In closing, I argue that a renewed commitment to ‘public engagement' also offers a more robust engagement with our field’s own history, and might serve as a way of honouring its intellectual pioneers, many of whom did foundational work well outside the traditional boundaries of the academy.
CRISPR-Cas systems restrict horizontal gene transfer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wheatley Rachel M , MacLean R Craig 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with an adaptive immune system that targets foreign DNA. However, the xenogenic nature of immunity provided by CRISPR-Cas raises the possibility that these systems may constrain horizontal gene transfer. Here we test this hypothesis in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has emerged as an important model system for understanding CRISPR-Cas function. Across the diversity of P. aeruginosa, active CRISPR-Cas systems are associated with smaller genomes and higher GC content, suggesting that CRISPR-Cas inhibits the acquisition of foreign DNA. Although phage is the major target of CRISPR-Cas spacers, more than 80% of isolates with an active CRISPR-Cas system have spacers that target integrative conjugative elements (ICE) or the conserved conjugative transfer machinery used by plasmids and ICE. Consistent with these results, genomes containing active CRISPR-Cas systems harbour a lower abundance of both prophage and ICE. Crucially, spacers in genomes with active CRISPR-Cas systems map to ICE and phage that are integrated into the chromosomes of closely related genomes lacking CRISPR-Cas immunity. We propose that CRISPR-Cas acts as an important constraint to horizontal gene transfer, and the evolutionary mechanisms that ensure its maintenance or drive its loss are key to the ability of this pathogen to adapt to new niches and stressors.
A multi-dimensional, time-lapse, high content screening platform applied to schistosomiasis drug discovery
Authors: Chen Steven , Suzuki Brian M. , Dohrmann Jakob , Singh Rahul , Arkin Michelle R. , Caffrey Conor R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApproximately 10% of the world’s population is at risk of schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty caused by the Schistosoma parasite. To facilitate drug discovery for this complex flatworm, we developed an automated high-content screen to quantify the multidimensional responses of Schistosoma mansoni post-infective larvae (somules) to chemical insult. We describe an integrated platform to process worms at scale, collect time-lapsed, bright-field images, segment highly variable and touching worms, and then store, visualize, and query dynamic phenotypes. To demonstrate the methodology, we treated somules with seven drugs that generated diverse responses and evaluated 45 static and kinetic response descriptors relative to concentration and time. For compound screening, we used the Mahalanobis distance to compare multidimensional phenotypic effects induced by 1323 approved drugs. Overall, we characterize both known anti-schistosomals and identify new bioactives. Apart from facilitating drug discovery, the multidimensional quantification provided by this platform will allow mapping of chemistry to phenotype.
Service Unifié de l’Enfance
Authors: Monduit de Caussade Camille 
Published: December 2020

Cet article sur l’histoire des intersecteurs de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile en France se propose d’investiguer un projet ambitieux qui néanmoins n’a pas émergé dans toute sa dimension : le Service Unifié de l’Enfance. Ce dispositif à l’initiative du pédopsychiatre Michel Soulé dans le 14earrondissement de Paris est devenu un projet politique porté par Simone Veil lorsqu’elle est devenue ministre de la Santé. Comment et dans quel contexte ce projet a été construit, quels ont été ses acteurs, son évolution et ses limites. Et surtout pourquoi le Service Unifié de l’Enfance semble avoir été oublié ?Au moment où l’organisation des soins psychiatriques, sous couvert d’unité et de regrou- pement, semble plus morcelée que jamais, l’histoire du découpage des institutions pour enfants est plus que jamais d’actualité.Ce travail est issu d’une réflexion qui a pour point de départ un travail de recherche mené actuellement dans le cadre de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) portant sur la création et l’histoire des intersecteurs en France depuis les années 1960 à aujourd’hui, sous la direction de Nicolas Henckes.
Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy: A Case Control Study
Authors: Caruso Fernanda Borsatto , Schreiner Lucas , Todescatto Alexandra Damasio , Crivelatti Isabel , Oliveira Julia Monteiro de 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Urinay incontinence (UI) is a major public health problem that can harm women in any period of life, including during the gestational period. Urinary incontinence during pregnancy has been studied because this condition can reduce the quality of life and interfere in several aspects of the maternal-fetal binomial. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of UI in nullipara pregnant women and to identify risk factors associated with UI in this population.
Methods This is a case-control study in which we invited nullipara women between 12 and 20 weeks of pregnancy to participate in the research. They were asked to answer a specific questionnaire, write a 3-day bladder diary, and undergo a urogynecological evaluation including pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q), empty stress supine test (ESST), and pelvic floor muscle assessment.
Results A total of 70 out of 73 patients accepted to participate in the study, and the prevalence of UI in this population was 18.3%. Tobacco use was identified as an independent risk factor for UI in pregnant women (odds ratio 8.0). All other factors analyzed were not significantly associated to UI in pregnancy.
Conclusion Urinary incontinence can be a major problem in pregnancy. We identified the use of tobacco as a risk factor for developing UI in pregnancy, which provides an extra reason to encourage patients to quit smoking.
Martynia annua (tiger's claw).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Martynia annua is grown as an ornamental and medicinal herb. Originally native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, its effective seed dispersal mechanism has helped it spread throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world as a weed of pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, moist thickets, riverbanks and floodplains. Currently, it is listed as invasive in Australia, New Caledonia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Cuba.
Dalea scandens (low prairie clover).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

D. scandens is a perennial herb that grows as a weed and pioneer species in disturbed sites, grasslands, hillsides, and along roadsides (Groom, 2012). The native distribution range of this species is restricted to North America (i.e., Texas and Mexico) and Central America and it has been listed as introduced and invasive only in Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; USDA-ARS, 2015).
Human-caused fires release more carbon than lightning-caused fires in the conterminous United States
Authors: Liu Meng , Yang Linqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon emissions from fires impact the global carbon budget and contribute to global warming. However, due to the lack of inventory data, little was known about how carbon emissions differed between human-caused and lightning-caused fires previously. In this study, the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD) and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) were combined to analyze the influences of human-caused fires on carbon emissions. We found that the GFED burned area was larger than that of the FPA FOD since the FPA FOD did not cover human-caused fire usages like prescribed fires. Carbon emissions over the conterminous United States were increasing significantly from 1997 to 2015. Human-caused fires released 9.99 Tg C yr−1 over the conterminous United States, which were approximately twice those of carbon emissions from lightning-caused fires, 5.44 Tg C yr−1. Carbon emissions of lightning-caused fires were increasing while those of human-caused fires were decreasing significantly with rising temperatures. Emissions in ecoregions such as the Eastern Temperate Forests, the Great Plains, the Marine West Coast Forests, and the Northern Forests were dominated by human-caused fire emissions, whose proportions were over 86%. These results highlight the importance of human activities on carbon emissions, offering new insights into the role of humans in climate change mitigation.
Applying the E. coli’s twin-arginine translocation pathway to isolation of biomarker-specific nanobodies from a synthetic camelized human nanobody library
Authors: Kamthong A , Poo-Arporn R P , Waraho-Zhmayev D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used extensively both for treatment and diagnostics. Phage display has been successfully used for isolation of many mAbs currently sold in the market. However, the main drawback is that it could result in a large number of false positives. In this study, we explored the feasibility of combination of two powerful antibody isolation techniques, phage display and Functional Ligand-binding Identification by Tat-based Recognition of Associating Proteins (FLI-TRAP), to identify nanobodies (Nbs) that are specific to HBsAg, an antigen commonly used for hepatitis B infection diagnostics. A synthetic camelized human nanobody library was subjected to 2 rounds of biopanning against HBsAg adr subtype, commonly found in southeast Asia. As expected, sequencing analysis of all 12 randomly selected clones from biopanning showed truncated Nbs, representing false positive. Full-length Nb genes were amplified from the phage eluted during the 2nd round of biopanning was subcloned into FLI-TRAP system for isolation. For evaluation, 16 clones were also randomly picked and submitted for sequencing analysis. Interestingly, 15 out of 16 clones had the same sequence and were full-length Nb, so C1 was used to represent these clones. C10, however, was truncated at framework 3. ELISA result of crude extract showed that C1 showed binding activity ≈ 4.5 fold higher than reference Nb and ≈ 1.46 fold lower than commercial purified monoclonal antibodies while its WB result showed that C1 had a higher protein yield than the reference Nb. C10 did not show ELISA signal nor was detected in WB, thus truncation was confirmed since the detection was performed using anti-FLAG antibody specific to FLAG epitope tag fused to the C-terminus of Nb. Nonetheless, our study demonstrated the feasibility to use FLI-TRAP after initial phage display screening to easily identify full-length Nbs. This combined platform would be powerful tool for easy isolation of Nb against new target as well as for affinity maturation.
Analysis of antioxidant property of the extract of saponin by experiment design methodology
Authors: Chen I C , Chen M T , Chung T W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The antioxidant properties of the extract of saponin from Sapindus mukorossi (soapberry) were analyzed and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on this study, by using different methods to evaluate its antioxidant properties for further analysis. The methods are 1,1-di-phenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating ability. The best DPPH free radical scavenging ability was obtained at 91.56 % (X1 = 1 hour, X2 = 1:15 (w/v), X3 = 0.55 %), in which, the influences of solid to liquid ratio (X2) and enzyme concentration (X3) was found to be significant on the response of percentage of free radical scavenging effect (Y1). The best reducing power was obtained in Absorbance (Abs) 0.473 (X1 = 3 hour, X2 = 1:10 (w/v), X3 = 0.1 %), in which, the influences of solid to liquid ratio (X2) was found to be significant on the response of amount of reducing power (Y2). The best ferrous ion chelating ability was obtained at 49.63 % (X1 = 1 hour, X2 = 1:10 (w/v), X3 = 1 %), in which, the influence of time (X1) and solid to liquid ratio (X2) was significant on the response of percentage of ferrous ion chelating ability (Y3). The extract of saponin from Sapindus mukorossi shows excellent in antioxidant capacity based on the reducing power and scavenging free radicals activity, but it is relatively weak in ferrous ion chelating.
Prospecting postharvest processing of agricultural and social forest products at Gerlang Village, Central Java
Authors: Ethica S N , Iriyanto S , Sukowiyono S , Khuriyati S F , Sulisyaningtyas A R , Hidayati N , Hersoelistyorini W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Farmers’ poverty and forest destruction are common problems in social forest areas of Central Java, Indonesia, including Gerlang Village, a rural area in Batang Regency. Major of the population of this village is members of Social Forest Farmer Group. This study aimed to study the prospect of postharvest processing of agricultural and social forest products to improve both economic level of forest farmers and preservation quality of forests at the Village. Information collection was conducted through a field survey, direct interview and literature study followed by a strength, weakness, opportunity, and thread analysis. The study had been carried out during August 2019 with sample size of 10 social forest farmers. The obtained data was then qualitatively analyzed. The study revealed that major problems of social forest farmers at the village are: Dependence of farmers’ income on the selling of raw potato, falling of potato price due to overproduction, unavailability of postharvest processing of potatoes, lack of encouragement towards cultivation of Carica and Tamarillo trees as part of forest preservation, high competition in processing products of Carica and Tamarillo at present, lack of farmers’ skills in financial management and marketing of agricultural products. To cope with the problems, it is necessary to process raw potatoes into flour, chips and sticks and to support diversification of Carica and Tamarillo processed products. Farmers’ financial management skills including e-commerce strategies should also be increased.
An improvement of rose flowers drying process recovering volatile compounds by heat pump systems
Authors: Geng W G , Li Z C , Yuan D L , Sun R F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Low-temperature drying is becoming recognized as an optimal type of hot drying technology for agricultural and sideline products. This study presents an experimental study on drying roses with a heat pump dehumidifier. The rose drying process took 40 hours across three drying stages, where the hot air temperatures were 45°C, 50°C and 55°C respectively. The dried roses were brightly colored and good quality, also, rose water was obtained during the drying process when the waste heat was recovered. The major components of the rose water were rose ether, nerol, citronellol, acetic acid, phenylethyl alcohol, methyleugenol, and so on, which are typical compounds of rose essential oil. The results show that a heat pump is one of best choices for drying rose flowers, and that rose water can also be effectively recovered during the drying process.
Effect of Aloe vera gel combined with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil as a natural coating on maintaining post-harvest quality of peach (Prunus persica L.) during storage
Authors: Mohammadi L , Hassanzadeh Khankahdani H , Tanaka F , Tanaka F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of Aloe vera coating alone and combined with basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil at 500 and 1000 µL L-1 concentrations on postharvest quality of peach (Prunus persica L.) was investigated. Parameters including weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), color L*, a*, b* and hue angle were measured during the storage. The results indicated that application of the Aloe vera alone or in combination with basil oil largely maintain the quality of the postharvest peach comparing to the untreated samples. In particular such application ameliorated the weight loss and reduction of firmness during storage. The maximum firmness was found in fruit treated with Aloe vera mixed basil oil at 1000 µL L-1. Furthermore, coated fruit with Aloe vera mixed with basil oil at 1000 µL L-1 illustrated the lowest TSS. However, influence of treatments on L*, a*, b* and hue angle were not appreciable. These results verified the capability of composition of Aloe vera with basil oil on maintenance of the qualitative characteristics of peach fruit.
Fine-bubble technology application for pesticide-removal effect in ‘Gros Michel’ banana (Musa acuminata ‘Gros Michel’)
Authors: Vuthijumnonk J T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
‘Gros Michel’ bananas are among highly exported agricultural product in Thailand. Their cultivation involves several pesticide applications to meet consumer satisfaction. In several countries, pesticide residues found in the bananas may result in rejection and further banned the imported products which may affect export income of Thailand. Therefore, it is important to reduce the level of the pesticide residue to meet Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of fine-bubble technology on commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, in banana fruits. The contact times, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes, and types of gas, air and ozone, used for microbubble generation were also studied. Pesticide removal effect of fine-bubble technology which was first screened using GPO-TM kits, a test kit for pesticide detection. The findings revealed that both organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides were not detected after 30 minutes contact time when treated with fine-bubbles regardless of the gas type. Air microbubble treatment was chosen for further quantitative analysis using gas chromatography (GC). In comparison to the unwashed products (Control), air microbubble application lessened chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin by 80% and 72%, respectively. Even though fine-bubble technology successfully reduced pesticide residue in banana fruits, modes of action require further investigation.