bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing dementia risk reduction in primary care: a preliminary conceptual model based on a scoping review of practitioners’ views
Authors: Godbee Kali , Gunn Jane , Lautenschlager Nicola T , Curran Eleanor , Palmer Victoria J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Primary care practitioners (PCPs) do not routinely promote dementia risk reduction. The purpose of this study was to map the published literature on the views of PCPs about dementia risk reduction, in order to identify implementation constructs and strategies crucial to the development of an implementation intervention to support dementia risk reduction in primary care. We undertook a scoping review of the PCPs’ views about promoting brain health for reducing dementia risk. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase for English-language articles published between 1995 and December 2017. We then applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and matched Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change to the scoping review findings in order to develop a preliminary implementation model. Eight articles reported views of PCPs about dementia prevention. Study findings were mapped to 5 of the 39 CFIR constructs: (i) knowledge and beliefs about dementia risk reduction, (ii) evidence strength and quality, (iii) relative priority, (iv) available resources, and (v) external policy and incentives. The findings suggest implementation strategies to consider in our preliminary model include (i) educational meetings, (ii) identifying and preparing champions, (iii) conducting local consensus discussions, (iv) altering incentive structures, and (v) capturing and sharing local knowledge. There have been few studies about the views of PCPs about dementia risk reduction. Implementation in the primary care setting is fundamental to early identification of risk and supporting preventive practices, but it needs to focus on more than just education for PCPs. We need more up-to-date and in-depth data on the views of PCPs about dementia risk reduction and context-specific analyses of implementation needs. Further research into effective primary care interventions to reduce dementia risk is expected to support implementation efforts.
FinnTwin12 Cohort: An Updated Review
Authors: Rose Richard J. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Aaltonen Sari , Barr Peter B. , Bogl Leonie H. , Byers Holly A. , Heikkilä Kauko , Korhonen Tellervo , Latvala Antti , Palviainen Teemu , Ranjit Anu , Whipp Alyce M. , Pulkkinen Lea , Dick Danielle M. , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review offers an update on research conducted with FinnTwin12 (FT12), the youngest of the three Finnish Twin Cohorts. FT12 was designed as a two-stage study. In the first stage, we conducted multiwave questionnaire research enrolling all eligible twins born in Finland during 1983–1987 along with their biological parents. In stage 2, we intensively studied a subset of these twins with in-school assessments at age 12 and semistructured poly-diagnostic interviews at age 14. At baseline, parents of intensively studied twins were administered the adult version of the interview. Laboratory studies with repeat interviews, neuropsychological tests, and collection of DNA were made of intensively studied twins during follow-up in early adulthood. The basic aim of the FT12 study design was to obtain information on individual, familial and school/neighborhood risks for substance use/abuse prior to the onset of regular tobacco and alcohol use and then track trajectories of use and abuse and their consequences into adulthood. But the longitudinal assessments were not narrowly limited to this basic aim, and with multiwave, multirater assessments from ages 11 to 12, the study has created a richly informative data set for analyses of gene–environment interactions of both candidate genes and genomewide measures with measured risk-relevant environments. Because 25 years have elapsed since the start of the study, we are planning a fifth-wave follow-up assessment.
Mantle Melting and Intraplate Volcanism Due to Self‐Buoyant Hydrous Upwellings From the Stagnant Slab That Are Conveyed by Small‐Scale Convection
Authors: Long Xiaogang , Ballmer Maxim D. , Córdoba Antonio M.‐C. , Li Chun‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms sustaining basaltic continental intraplate volcanism remain controversial. Continental intraplate volcanism is often geographically associated with slab stagnation in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), for example, in eastern Asia, central Europe, and western North America. Using 2‐D geodynamic models, we here explore the role of the stagnation of a slab and an associated hydrous layer in the MTZ on the formation and evolution of intraplate volcanism. Due to the intrinsic buoyancy of the hydrous layer atop the stagnant slab, upwellings develop within a few million years and rise to ~410‐km depth. At these depths, they partly lose their intrinsic buoyancy due to dehydration and stall intermittently. However, they are readily entrained by sublithospheric small‐scale convection to reach the base of lithosphere, sustaining mantle melting and intraplate volcanism. Water contents of >0.3 wt.‐% in a ≥ 60‐km‐thick layer atop the slab are sufficient for an early (<~20 Myr) onset of melting to account for volcanism, for example, in NE China. Thus, significant amounts of hydrous materials are not expected to remain stable in the MTZ for geological timescales, consistent with geophysical estimates. To explain the geochemical signatures of the Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in northern China, a mixed composition of the hydrous layer, including an enriched mantle‐type and a hybrid depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalts mantle/high μ‐type component, is required.
Added Value of a Dynamical Downscaling Approach for Simulating Precipitation and Temperature Over Tianshan Mountains Area, Central Asia
Authors: Chen Shuying , Hamdi Rafiq , Ochege Friday Uchenna , Du Haoyang , Chen Xi , Yang Weikang , Zhang Chi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProgresses in climatological, ecological, and hydrological studies that focused on the Tianshan mountains area (known as “the water tower of central Asia”) have been restricted by the availability of station observations as well as high resolution and quality data set. With the aim to overcome some of these difficulties, the high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model is run over the Tianshan mountains area driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Double nesting method was used with a horizontal resolution of 40 and 8 km covering the period 1980–2018. A decade of simulation from 1980 to 1989, a period when most abundant station observations are available, is considered for validation. These downscaled results are compared against station observations, ERA‐Interim reanalysis, and three widely used spatially interpolated products in order to investigate the added value of the dynamical downscaling approach. Results of these comparisons show that the WRF‐downscaled data outperform and add significant details to ERA‐Interim reanalysis. A remarkable improvement of the WRF simulation is found at reproducing the observed seasonal cycle of daily extreme temperatures and precipitation. Due to better representation of orography, WRF simulations are able to capture extreme precipitation events that are missing in the high‐quality interpolated products. Refining the resolution from 40 to 8 km further improves the model performance, particularly at depicting orographic enhancement of precipitation. The validated WRF model can be used in future climate projections studies, and this high‐resolution as well as high‐quality climatological data set we present here is useful for impact and further downstream studies.
Knickpoints in Martian channels indicate past ocean levels
Authors: Duran Sergio , Coulthard Tom J. , Baynes Edwin R. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn Mars, the presence of extensive networks of sinuous valleys and large channels provides evidence for a wetter and warmer environment where liquid water was more abundant than it is at present. We undertook an analysis of all major channel systems on Mars and detected sharp changes in elevation along the river long profiles associated with steep headwall theatre-like valleys and terraces left downstream by channel incision. These breaks in channel longitudinal slope, headwalls and terraces exhibit a striking resemblance with terrestrial fluvial features, commonly termed ‘knickpoints’. On Earth, such knickpoints can be formed by more resistant bedrock or where changes in channel base-level have initiated erosion that migrates upstream (such as tectonic uplift or sea level change). We observed common elevations of Martian knickpoints in eleven separate channel systems draining into the Martian Northern lowlands. Numerical modeling showed that the common elevations of some of these knickpoints were not random. As the knickpoints are spread across the planet, we suggest that these Martian knickpoints were formed in response to a common base level or ocean level rather than local lithology. Thus, they potentially represent a record of past ocean levels and channel activity on Mars.
Autonomic Nervous System Response to Speech Production in Stuttering and Normally Fluent Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Tumanova Victoria , Backes Nicole 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
We studied speech-related sympathetic nervous system arousal of preschool-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) and its association with children's proclivity to experience negative emotions and children's self-reported attitudes toward speaking.

Method
Electrodermal activity measures were collected from 32 preschool-age children while they engaged in a picture description and a nonword repetition task. Children's proclivity to experience negative emotions was assessed with a parent report questionnaire. Children's communication attitude was assessed with a self-report questionnaire.

Results
CWS did not differ from CWNS in their sympathetic arousal during a picture description task. However, during a more challenging nonword repetition task, preschool-age CWS had a higher sympathetic arousal level than CWNS. Although CWS were rated by their caregivers as more fearful and prone to sadness, children's tendency to experience stronger and more frequent negative emotions was not associated with their sympathetic arousal during speaking. Lastly, although CWS had a more negative communication attitude than CWNS, it was not associated with their level of sympathetic arousal during speaking.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that age-appropriate social communication tasks are not inherently more stressful for preschool-age CWS and are not associated with state-related stress or anxiety that is often reported for adults who stutter. However, speaking tasks that place a higher demand on children's cognitive–linguistic system may be more taxing and challenging to preschool CWS than CWNS, leading to a higher level of arousal.
Observational constraints on the origin of the elements
Authors: Gallagher A. J. , Bergemann M. , Collet R. , Plez B. , Leenaarts J. , Carlsson M. , Yakovleva S. A. , Belyaev A. K. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The pursuit of more realistic spectroscopic modelling and consistent abundances has led us to begin a new series of papers designed to improve current solar and stellar abundances of various atomic species. To achieve this, we have begun updating the three-dimensional (3D) non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer code, MULTI3D, and the equivalent one-dimensional (1D) non-LTE radiative transfer code, MULTI 2.3.
Aims. We examine our improvements to these codes by redetermining the solar barium abundance. Barium was chosen for this test as it is an important diagnostic element of the s-process in the context of galactic chemical evolution. New Ba II + H collisional data for excitation and charge exchange reactions computed from first principles had recently become available and were included in the model atom. The atom also includes the effects of isotopic line shifts and hyperfine splitting.
Methods. A grid of 1D LTE barium lines were constructed with MULTI 2.3 and fit to the four Ba II lines available to us in the optical region of the solar spectrum. Abundance corrections were then determined in 1D non-LTE, 3D LTE, and 3D non-LTE. A new 3D non-LTE solar barium abundance was computed from these corrections.
Results. We present for the first time the full 3D non-LTE barium abundance of A(Ba) = 2.27 ± 0.02 ± 0.01, which was derived from four individual fully consistent barium lines. Errors here represent the systematic and random errors, respectively.
Opération de restauration d’une roselière dans le marais noir de Saint-Coulban (35)
Authors: Hemon A. , Drouyer F. 
Published: October 2019

En périphérie de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, le site du « Bois de la mare » dans le marais noir de Saint-Coulban est un ensemble de 16 hectares de terrains boisés dans les années 1960 en peupliers et épicéas, jamais exploités et présentant peu d’intérêt patrimonial, sylvicole ou paysager. Une opération de restauration de roselière en faveur de l’avifaune paludicole a été réalisée sur ce site. Ce projet est porté par la Fédération des chasseurs d’Ille-et-Vilaine, gestionnaire des terrains, et le Syndicat mixte Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, maître d’ouvrage de l’opération de rétablissement du caractère maritime du Mont-Saint-Michel. La collaboration entre ces deux organismes repose sur des objectifs convergents. Dans le marais, la fédération procède depuis 1983 à des opérations d’acquisition et de restauration de milieux humides, à des fins d’accueil de l’avifaune. De son côté, le syndicat mixte est chargé de la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble de mesures compensatoires ciblant l’habitat « roselière » et l’avifaune paludicole à l’échelle de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, en lien avec la suppression de roselière lors de travaux de curage du fleuve Couesnon. Le projet a consisté à ouvrir le milieu pour dynamiser la phragmitaie et à constituer des mosaïques d’habitats fonctionnels pour l’avifaune paludicole. Une instruction réglementaire particulièrement lourde a été nécessaire et a inclus la réalisation d’un boisement compensateur sur d’autres terrains. Le chantier s’est déroulé sur deux saisons sèches en 2015 et 2016. Le site a été déboisé par coupe et dessouchage, rognage et évacuation des résidus, terrassement de mares et création d’un accès à la parcelle enclavée. Un suivi écologique reposant sur une méthode standardisée a débuté en 2017. Les premiers résultats sont déjà très encourageants à la fois sur le développement de la phragmitaie, le fonctionnement hydraulique du site et l’accueil des espèces cibles.
Changes in Flexibility and Force are not Different after Static
Versus Dynamic Stretching
Authors: Matsuo Shingo , Iwata Masahiro , Miyazaki Manabu , Fukaya Taizan , Yamanaka Eiji , Nagata Kentaro , Tsuchida Wakako , Asai Yuji , Suzuki Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of static and dynamic stretching on range
of motion (ROM), passive torque (PT) at pain onset, passive stiffness, and
isometric muscle force. We conducted a randomized crossover trial in which 16
healthy young men performed a total of 300 s of active static or dynamic
stretching of the right knee flexors on two separate days in random order. To
assess the effects of stretching, we measured the ROM, PT at pain onset, passive
stiffness during passive knee extension, and maximum voluntary isometric knee
flexion force using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and after
stretching. Both static and dynamic stretching significantly increased the ROM
and PT at pain onset (p<0.01) and significantly decreased the passive
stiffness and isometric knee flexion force immediately after stretching
(p<0.01). However, the magnitude of change did not differ between the
two stretching methods for any measurements. Our results suggest that
300 s of either static or dynamic stretching can increase flexibility
and decrease isometric muscle force; however, the effects of stretching do not
appear to differ between the two stretching methods.
Free-Hand Pedicle Screw Insertion of Thoracic Spine Using Fennell Technique: Initial Results and Review of Literature
Authors: Satapathy Ayusman , Dash Chinmaya , Sharma Arunav , Sahu Rabi Narayan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aim of the Study This article aims to study the safety and feasibility of Fennell technique of free-hand pedicle screw insertion in thoracic spine.
Methods Consecutive 10 patients in whom 40 thoracic pedicle screw were inserted using Fennell’s technique were included in the study. Postoperative computed tomography scan was done in all the patients. Breach in individual pedicle was analyzed using Gertzbein classification.
Results A total of 40 screws were placed in the thoracic spine in 10 patients by free-hand technique described by Fennell et al. Out of 40 pedicle screws, 26 were placed at the D10 to D12 level, 8 screws were placed at the D7 to D9 level, and 6 screws were placed at the D1 to D6 level. There was one pedicle with grade 1 lateral breach and one pedicle with grade 1 medial breach as per Gertzbein classification. All other screws were contained within the pedicle (Gertzbein grade 0). None of the patients had any added deficits or wound complications in the postoperative period.
Conclusion Thoracic pedicle screw insertion is challenging in nature because of the anatomic variability and proximity of critical structures to the pedicles. Our experience suggests that Fennell technique is a reliable technique, which can be used to place thoracic pedicles consistently, with acceptable rates of pedicle breach. A study involving larger number of patients might prove to establish this technique as an easily reproducible and safe technique for free-hand pedicle screw insertion in thoracic spine.
Synthetic aperture source localization
Authors: Waddington Chad , Cheney Margaret , Given James A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many state-of-the-art methods in source localization require large numbers of sensors and perform poorly or require additional sensors when emitters of interest transmit highly correlated waveforms. We present a new source localization technique which employs a cross correlation measure of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) for signals recorded at two separate platforms, at least one of which is in motion. This data is backprojected through a process of synthetic aperture source localization (SASL) to form an image of the locations of the emitters in a region of interest (ROI) This method has the advantage of not requiring any a priori knowledge of the number of emitters in the scene. Nor does it rest on an ability to identify regions of the data which come from individual emitters, though if this capability is present it may improve image quality. We demonstrate that this method is capable of localizing emitters which transmit highly correlated waveforms, though complications arise when several such emitters are present in the scene. We discuss these complications and strategies to mitigate them.
Contrasting changes of urban heat island intensity during hot weather episodes
Authors: Fenner Daniel , Holtmann Achim , Meier Fred , Langer Ines , Scherer Dieter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cities typically exhibit higher air temperatures than their rural surroundings, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Contrasting results are reported as to whether UHI intensity (UHII) is exacerbated or reduced during hot weather episodes (HWEs). This contrast is investigated for a four-year period from 2015 to 2018, utilising a set of observational data from high-quality meteorological stations, as well as from hundreds of crowdsourced citizen weather stations, located in the urban region of Berlin, Germany. It can be shown that if HWEs, defined here as the ten percent hottest days or nights during May–September, are identified via daytime conditions, or by night-time conditions at inner-city sites, then night-time UHII is exacerbated. However, if HWEs are identified via night-time conditions at rural sites, then night-time UHII is reduced. These differences in UHII change can be linked with prevalent weather conditions, namely radiation, cloud cover, wind speed, precipitation, and humidity. This highlights that, beside land cover changes, future changes in weather conditions due to climate change will control UHIIs, and thus heat-stress hazards in cities.
Stranded asset implications of the Paris Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Binsted Matthew , Iyer Gokul , Edmonds James , Vogt-Schilb Adrien , Arguello Ricardo , Cadena Angela , Delgado Ricardo , Feijoo Felipe , Lucena André F P , McJeon Haewon , Miralles-Wilhelm Fernando , Sharma Anjali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Achieving the Paris Agreement’s near-term goals (nationally determined contributions, or NDCs) and long-term temperature targets could result in pre-mature retirement, or stranding, of carbon-intensive assets before the end of their useful lifetime. We use an integrated assessment model to quantify the implications of the Paris Agreement for stranded assets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a developing region with the least carbon-intensive power sector in the world. We find that meeting the Paris goals results in stranding of $37–90 billion and investment of $1.9–2.6 trillion worth of power sector capital (2021–2050) across a range of future scenarios. Strengthening the NDCs could reduce stranding costs by 27%–40%. Additionally, while politically shielding power plants from pre-mature retirement or increasing the role of other sectors (e.g. land-use) could also reduce power sector stranding, such actions could make mitigation more expensive and negatively impact society. For example, we find that avoiding stranded assets in the power sector increases food prices 13%, suggesting implications for food security in LAC. Our analysis demonstrates that climate goals are relevant for investment decisions even in developing countries with low emissions.
A pan-South-America assessment of avoided exposure to dangerous extreme precipitation by limiting to 1.5 °C warming
Authors: Li Sihan , Otto Friederike E L , Harrington Luke J , Sparrow Sarah N , Wallom David C H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the future changes in dangerous extreme precipitation event in South America, using the multi-model ensemble simulations from the HAPPI experiments. The risks of dangerous extreme precipitation events occurrence, and changes in area and population exposure are quantified. Our results show that the likelihood of dangerous extreme precipitation increases in large parts of South America under future warming; changes in extreme precipitation are nonlinear with increasing global mean temperatures; and exposure plays a minor role compared to hazard. In all the models, limiting warming to 1.5 °C as opposed to 2 °C shows a general reduction in both area and population exposure to dangerous extreme precipitation throughout South America. The southeast region of South America exhibited the highest multi-model median percentage of avoided area exposure at 13.3%, while the southwest region shows the lowest percentage at 3.1%. Under all shared socioeconomic pathways, South America Monsoon region and southern South America region yielded the highest multi-model median percentage of avoided population exposure (>10%). The strong spatial heterogeneity in projected changes in all the models highlights the importance of considering location-specific information when designing adaptation measures and investing in disaster preparedness.