bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphones and social media in reporting the asylum seeker crisis in Europe
Authors: Dowd Cate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During the European asylum seeker crisis, circa 2015, asylum seekers used social media and smartphones for communication alongside journalists using disposable and short-form media, streaming media, and civilian drones for real-time stories that changed practices in journalism. Some journalists uploaded live video whilst others stitched together documentaries with short video clips. Google collaborated with the International Rescue Committee to develop an information site for essential services. A data visualisation developed by independent producers also showed the extent of the crisis. A former refugee, as well as media producers, used drones for aerial filming to help rescue people at sea, but as the crisis worsened, drones were used by authorities to stop people from crossing borders. The crisis also exposed journalists to trauma, even without working directly in conflict zones, revealed by the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, which plays an important role for the safety and protection of journalists.
Emotions, behaviours, and context-aware systems for journalism
Authors: Dowd Cate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
New system ideas drawing on Affective Computing for journalism training include synthetic players with behaviour attributes, conceptualised as sub-systems and integrated with emotion engines, but they need to be designed from participatory data. System models could also look to advances in EmotionML (mark-up), but elicitation and articulation of emotions contextualised to professional interactions is the first step. Trigger documents from the Semantic CAT Method are used for these ends. Emotion-based vocabulary can also be integrated into logic models to consider machine reasoning for future journalism systems, but the conceptual models of Finite State Machines (FSMs) for Robo-Journo and Promo-Robo include health and emotion attributes assigned to transitions between states in professional processes. These automated systems are for verifying a story and treatment of press releases in the hands of journalists. Future context-aware systems can also include sensors and wearable systems, with potential to protect journalists reporting in conflict zones.
Global Banks on Trial
Authors: Verdier Pierre-Hugues 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the years since the 2008 financial crisis, U.S. prosecutors have brought dozens of criminal cases against the world’s most powerful banks, charging them with manipulating financial indices, helping their customers evade taxes, evading sanctions, and laundering money. To settle these cases, global banks like UBS, Barclays, HSBC, and BNP Paribas paid tens of billions of dollars in fines. They also agreed to extensive internal reforms, hiring hundreds of compliance officers, spending billions on new systems, and installing independent corporate monitors. In effect, they agreed to become worldwide enforcers of U.S. law and policies. This book examines the U.S. enforcement campaign against global banks across four areas: benchmark manipulation, tax evasion, sanctions violations, and sovereign debt. It shows that U.S. prosecutors have unilaterally carved out a new role as global bank regulators, heralding a fundamental shift in how international finance is overseen. Their ability to do so stems from U.S. control over vital hubs of the international financial system, from which they can threaten global banks with exclusion. In some areas, these unilateral U.S. actions have ushered in important multilateral reforms, such as the rise of automatic tax information exchange and better-regulated financial indices. In other areas, such as financial sanctions, unilateralism has attracted protests from other states and attempts to bypass U.S.-based financial infrastructure, which could undermine the country’s power.
Global Leadership Talk
Authors: Goebel Zane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This book examines the discursive connections between global flows of ideologies about leadership and good governance, how these ideologies are localized in Indonesia, and how all of this relates to changing political, bureaucratic, and market regimes between 1998 and 2004. It starts with a speech given by the head of the International Monetary Fund about the importance of good governance. It then traces the uptake of shibboleths of this speech within Indonesian government policy documents, within the Indonesian mass media, and in the everyday talk that occurred in a government office in Indonesia during the author’s five months of fieldwork in that office between August 2003 and January 2004. The book makes the case that in order to formulate nuanced interpretations of connection and processes of localization, researchers need to engage in a type of reflexivity that involves a constant movement between data from different time-spaces. Such a practice, it is argued, adds to our understanding of how and why both researchers and those researched come to believe and present themselves in specific ways. In doing so, the book extends contemporary conceptual work in the broad areas of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology as it relates to notions of scale, connection, chronotope, leadership talk, and personhood, while sketching how this conceptual work can be operationalized methodologically.
Young Men with Horns: The Jazz Biopic’s Golden Age 1950–1959
Authors: Whitehead Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A 1950s fad for biographical films about jazz musicians is sparked by the box-office success of The Glenn Miller Story. Subsequent biopics depict the lives of Benny Goodman, W. C. Handy, Red Nichols, and Gene Krupa. Often, their subjects take on signature attributes of the actors who play them. Two fiction films focus on characters derived from existing sources: Young Man with a Horn, based on Dorothy Baker’s novel, and Pete Kelly’s Blues, based on Jack Webb’s radio series. The relationship between Benny Goodman’s memoir Kingdom of Swing and the script to The Benny Goodman Story is detailed. The life of W. C. Handy, as told in his autobiography, is compared to the movie version, 1958’s St. Louis Blues.
Young Lions and Historical Fictions 1990–2000
Authors: Whitehead Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The young generation of musicians such as Wynton and Branford Marsalis who shook up jazz in the 1980s arrives on screen in the following decade. Spike Lee’s Mo’ Better Blues and the cable-TV movie Lush Life fictionalize successful musicians of the era. Underage players also show up, as in 1940s movies: a teenage Toronto trumpeter gets advice from good and bad mentors in one, and a young pianist grapples with Tourette’s syndrome in another. In the 1990s, we see an outbreak of historical tales with unreliable narrators: a sometimes fanciful biopic of early jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke and Woody Allen’s extended tall tale Sweet and Lowdown, one of two 1990s films with a guitarist beholden to Django Reinhardt. In several particulars, Robert Altman’s Kansas City parallels his earlier film named for a musicians’ hub, Nashville, but in Kansas City, jazz doesn’t invade the main story.
Privilege Lost
Authors: Streib Jessi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One in two white youth born into the upper-middle class will fall from it. Drawing upon 10 years of longitudinal interviews with over 100 American youth, this book shows which upper-middle-class youth are most likely to fall, how they fall, and why they do not see it coming. The book shows that upper-middle-class youth inherit different amounts of academic knowledge, institutional insights, and money from their parents. Those raised with more of these resources enter class reproduction pathways, while those raised with fewer of these resources enter downwardly mobile paths. Of course, upper-middle-class youth whose families give them few resources could switch courses by acquiring these resources from their community. They rarely do. Instead, they internalize identities that reflect their resource weaknesses and encourage them to maintain them. Those who fall are then youth raised with resource weaknesses, and they fall by internalizing identities that discourage them from gaining more resources. They are often surprised by their downward mobility as they observed other time periods in which their resources and identities kept them or their parents in their social class.
Rebels
Authors: Streib Jessi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Men raised in liberal communities with low levels of academic and institutional knowledge see no institution that will reward them. In liberal communities, early marriage is frowned upon, and they did not receive the resources that would give them status in school, college, or work. They respond by becoming rebels—by repeatedly breaking institutional rules. This identity does not thwart their ability to stay in the upper-middle class at first, but it does after they graduate from college. Most become unemployed or underemployed—and begin to fall out of their original social class.
Encircle the World
Authors: Paul Sharon J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores creative techniques for redesigning academic assignments to take advantage of how the brain prefers to learn. The author shares examples of assignments designed to encourage an emotional hook and to reinforce meaning and relevance for the singers, while incorporating novelty, humor, and problem solving. Additionally, this chapter examines the benefits of using a flipped classroom, team journals, debate, and games. The author explores utilizing synectic exercises to spark new ways of thinking, using assignments of forced association where seemingly diverse topics are fit together in an effort to find relationships between what otherwise appear to be unrelated subjects. Finally, this chapter looks at how introducing some elements of novelty occasionally into rehearsal will increase student engagement and focus because the brain has evolved to pay attention to anything new and different, and will take notice of a threat or benefit on the horizon.
Head Strong
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the publication of the first edition of Head Strong: How Psychology Is Revolutionizing War in 2014, developments in military psychology have been rapid and important—so much so that this revised edition is necessary to accurately capture the vital role that psychology continues to play in twenty-first-century military success. The ideas contained in the first edition influenced emerging doctrine in the Army’s Human Dimension and informed military leaders around the globe of ways that psychological science and practice may be leveraged to improve combat effectiveness. Many of the predictions made in the first edition have come true, and new and exciting products of military psychology now offer novel ways of impacting military outcomes. This revised edition of Head Strong updates the 13 chapters included in the first edition with breaking news in military psychology and adds new material to augment those chapters. Two entirely new chapters are included in this edition. The first focuses on human performance optimization. It captures rapid developments in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and other disciplines that may help the military optimize soldier and unit performance. The second dives deeply into character and discusses how to measure it, how to develop it, and how character plays a vital role in the performance of individual soldiers and their units. Like the other topics in Head Strong, these two new chapters have significant applicability to nonmilitary organizations including schools, corporations, and sports teams.
Cognitive Dominance: Soldiers and Systems That Outthink the Enemy
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cognitive dominance—the ability to quickly understand the unfolding battle and make correct decisions—is critical to winning modern military engagements. Whether it is fighter planes approaching each other at the speed of sound or a surprise ambush during an infantry foot patrol, combatants and their leaders must be better trained to make these life and death decisions. This chapter focuses on how the military has traditionally conceived of and trained these skills and how they may go about it more effectively in the future. Topics include the military decision-making process, situational awareness and how to train it, and intuition. Cognitive psychologists play a central role in understanding and training cognitive dominance. Emerging technologies that may aid in cognitive dominance are discussed.
Human Performance Optimization
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Budgetary constraints and emerging advances in weapons technology have resulted in a substantial reduction in the sizes of contemporary military forces. The US Army, at less than 500,000 soldiers, is a fraction of its size of a generation ago, yet the demands for it to deploy in a variety of missions around the globe have only increased. This chapter reviews current and emerging strategies that may aid in optimizing soldier performance. Developments in human physiology, genetics, nutrition, neurotechnology, sleep, noncognitive amplifiers, and leader development are described. Currently available strategies are identified, as are approaches to human performance optimization that are likely to emerge in the near future. Extrapolations of human performance optimization protocols to other contexts beyond the military are considered.
Tough Hearts: Building Resilient Soldiers
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Soldiers must be prepared to face a variety of challenges and adversity, ranging from long separations from family to killing and dealing with the injury and death of their fellow soldiers. The negative impact of war on psychological well-being is well documented. Shell shock, combat fatigue, and more recently, posttraumatic stress disorder are well-known pathologies that result from combat exposure. Thus, training soldiers to be more resilient prior to combat is necessary to preserve and protect their psychological health and also to sustain combat power. This chapter explores psychological responses to combat, ranging from pathology to posttraumatic growth. New approaches to training resilience skills in soldiers are discussed, including the Army’s Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program, and how simulation technologies may soon be employed to better train resilience skills in soldiers.
Winning Hearts and Minds
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the large wars of the 20th century, victory depended first and foremost on raw combat power. Bigger and more powerful bombs, faster and more deadly aircraft, and better tanks and warships determined who won the battle. These weapons continue to be important but now, more than ever, strategic victory hinges on cultural savvy and the ability to win over the opinion and support of the population where military operations are occurring and worldwide public opinion as well. It does little good to win a battle if, in doing so, the local population is alienated and world opinion soiled. This chapter examines how the military is going about the task of training cultural awareness and sensitivity among its members and how psychological science may be used to improve operational success by enabling military leaders to base tactical decisions, at least in part, on the social and cultural terrain. Social network analysis and negation training is described.
This Is Not Your Father’s (or Your Mother’s) Army
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
By the year 2050, whites will no longer be the majority in the United States. As the nation changes, the military also must change in order to reflect the ethnic and racial composition of the nation and to remain an effective fighting force. In addition to race and ethnicity, the modern military welcomes into its ranks all Americans who qualify to serve. Psychologists may inform the military on ways to better achieve balance among its ranks. Recent policy changes allow women to serve in all military jobs, including direct combat. The history of African Americans and women’s military service is described. Gays, lesbians, and other formerly stigmatized and discriminated against individuals now serve openly, and methods for reducing stigma and bias are discussed. The importance of having a military that accurately represents its national population is explored.
Leading Others in the Digital Age
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The dominance of digital and social media in our lives presents opportunities both to enhance positive social influence and to interfere with it. Traditional military chain of command is rigid and evolved in the era before radio communication was possible. The ability to issue orders and plans in near real-time enables the speed of decision-making to be greatly increased, increasing the lethality of contemporary military operations. On the negative side, misuse of social media by individual solders can have devastating negative impacts at the strategic level. In this context topics of soft power and external manipulation of social media to disrupt morale are discussed. Psychologists may help the military better understand the positive use of information technology to achieve mission success and also develop training and other methods to mitigate against the social use of these technologies.
Spin-Offs: A Better World Through Military Psychology
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Military research routinely yields spin-offs that are useful in the civilian domain. In the hard sciences, World War I spun off advances in chemistry, and World War II produced advances in physics that changed the world. Military psychological science is no different. Aptitude testing sprung from the efforts of psychologists during World War I to help the military better select and classify incoming personnel. Clinical psychology and human factors engineering were boosted as a result of World War II. The Vietnam conflict led to a better understanding of combat stress and contributed to the including of posttraumatic stress disorder as a diagnostic label. All had direct application to the civilian sector. This chapter considers spin-offs from contemporary military psychological research that will benefit general society including better ways to treat stress and promote resilience, select and train employees, and enhance leadership strategies and cultural skills.
Psychology, War, Peace, and Ethics
Authors: Matthews Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the psychology of war and peace, with a focus on how psychologists may set the occasion for the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Topics include a discussion of the growth mindset and the social psychology of interpersonal conflict. The role of education in reducing conflict is examined. A discussion of ethical dilemmas faced by military psychologists and the boundaries that contemporary psychology sets for psychologists working on behalf of the military follows. The chapter introduces a new model of ethics that may help guide psychologists in deciding what research and practice is ethical versus that which is not.
The Early Expansion of the Kingdom of Mithridates VI
Authors: Roller Duane W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mithridates VI the Great began his solidified rule by expanding his kingdom, seemingly with the goal of encircling the Black Sea. He gained possession of the ancient territory of Colchis and then strengthened his predecessors’ control of the Bosporos, on the north side of the sea. He also established a presence on the west side of the sea. The locals on the north side of the sea welcomed the king because they were constantly subject to barbarian pressures. There were also economic benefits to the Pontic kingdom in acquisition of the new territories. Mithridates also established a Pontic presence south and west of his kingdom, in Paphlagonia and Galatia. Yet such aggressive actions by the king were noticed by the Romans, even though the northern Black Sea was not in any region of their direct interest.
Lucullus and Mithridates VI
Authors: Roller Duane W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The third and final war between Mithridates VI and Rome began in 73 bc and was to last for a decade. The alliance with Sertorius came to nothing because of the death of the adventurer in 72 bc, but Mithridates embarked on the most extensive of his campaigns, with movements into the Roman territories of western Asia Minor. The proconsul L. Licinius Lucullus, formerly one of Sulla’s legates, was sent against him. After initial successes on the part of the king, fortunes began to turn against him, exemplified by a disastrous and lengthy siege of the Greek city of Kyzikos on the Propontis. But the war dragged on for several years, and in the summer of 67 bc Lucullus was recalled, accused of prolonging the war for his own aggrandizement.
The Art of Pure Cinema
Authors: Isaacs Bruce 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Alfred Hitchcock’s notion of a “pure cinema” has continued to fascinate and perplex film audiences, critics, and theorists alike. The concept first emerged loosely in the 1920s, as European avant-garde artists and intellectuals grappled with the essence of the moving image as an aesthetic form. But what, precisely, was pure cinema as an artistic philosophy and style? How did it evolve within Hitchcock’s body of work, and how was a pure cinema artistic style then developed by the filmmakers who came after Hitchcock, such as Dario Argento and Brian De Palma? The Art of Pure Cinema connects film history and philosophies of image and sound to better understand the legacy of this aesthetic tradition.
The Fragmented Frame 1
Authors: Isaacs Bruce 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aesthetic of the fragment is examined in detailed analyses of the Hitchcockian frame. The frame is both the formal composition underpinning mise en scène and the opening into the infinite play of fragmented images within visual, aural, and narrative form. The frame is a site of formal “expressivity,” “abstraction,” “topographic representation,” and “schematization.” The fragmented frame is revealed in the modernist experimentation of form through color, line, and shape in North by Northwest, the topographic frame in The Birds, and the canting of the visual frame in Shadow of a Doubt. The chapter concludes that the representational image forming the diegesis is overwhelmed in Hitchcock’s experimental works by the formal potential of abstract shape and pattern.
The Fragmented Frame 2
Authors: Isaacs Bruce 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this central chapter in Part II of the book, the aesthetic of the fragment is analyzed in its purest form: the split-screen image. The split-screen image crosses mise en scène, montage, and narrative relational systems. While Hitchcock did not use a split-screen effect in his work, the chapter analyzes several Hitchcockian sequences as split-screen compositions. The split-screen effect is intensified in the cinema of Argento, Lucio Fulci, and De Palma, materializing in these works as a literal rent within the frame. The chapter presents close formal analyses of Shadow of a Doubt, Vertigo, Psycho, Marnie, Argento’s Four Flies on Grey Velvet, Fulci’s Don’t Torture a Duckling, and De Palma’s Sisters, Obsession, Dressed to Kill, and Blow Out.The aesthetic of the fragment is further read through De Palma’s intensification of the split-screen effect, culminating in the abstraction of space and time in the split diopter lens composition.