bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants
Authors: Beasor Emma R , Davies Ben , Smith Nathan , van Loon Jacco Th , Gehrz Robert D , Figer Donald F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Evolutionary models have shown the substantial effect that strong mass-loss rates ($\dot{M}$s) can have on the fate of massive stars. Red supergiant (RSG) mass-loss is poorly understood theoretically, and so stellar models rely on purely empirical $\dot{M}$–luminosity relations to calculate evolution. Empirical prescriptions usually scale with luminosity and effective temperature, but $\dot{M}$ should also depend on the current mass and hence the surface gravity of the star, yielding more than one possible $\dot{M}$ for the same position on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. One can solve this degeneracy by measuring $\dot{M}$ for RSGs that reside in clusters, where age and initial mass (Minit) are known. In this paper we derive $\dot{M}$ values and luminosities for RSGs in two clusters, NGC 2004 and RSGC1. Using newly derived Minit measurements, we combine the results with those of clusters with a range of ages and derive an Minit-dependent $\dot{M}$ prescription. When comparing this new prescription to the treatment of mass-loss currently implemented in evolutionary models, we find models drastically overpredict the total mass-loss, by up to a factor of 20. Importantly, the most massive RSGs experience the largest downward revision in their mass-loss rates, drastically changing the impact of wind mass-loss on their evolution. Our results suggest that for most initial masses of RSG progenitors, quiescent mass-loss during the RSG phase is not effective at removing a significant fraction of the H-envelope prior to core-collapse, and we discuss the implications of this for stellar evolution and observations of SNe and SN progenitors.
Photon-induced desorption of larger species in UV-irradiated methane ice
Authors: Carrascosa H , Cruz-Díaz G A , Muñoz Caro G M , Dartois E , Chen Y-J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
At the low temperatures found in the interior of dense clouds and circumstellar regions, along with H2O and smaller amounts of species such as CO, CO2 or CH3OH, the infrared features of CH4 have been observed on icy dust grains. Ultraviolet (UV) photons induce different processes in ice mantles, affecting the molecular abundances detected in the gas phase. This work aims to understand the processes that occur in a pure CH4 ice mantle subjected to UV irradiation. We studied photon-induced processes for the different photoproducts arising in the ice upon UV irradiation. Experiments were carried out in ISAC, an ultra-high vacuum chamber equipped with a cryostat and an F-type UV lamp reproducing the secondary UV field induced by cosmic rays in dense clouds. Infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry were used to monitor the solid and gas phases, respectively, during the formation, irradiation and warming-up of the ice. Direct photodesorption of pure CH4 was not observed. UV photons form CHx· and H· radicals, leading to photoproducts such as H2, C2H2, C2H6 and C3H8. Evidence for the photodesorption of C2H2 and photochemidesorption of C2H6 and C3H8 was found; the latter species is so far the largest molecule found to photochemidesorb. 13CH4 experiments were also carried out to confirm the reliability of these results.
The normalization and slope of the dark matter (sub-)halo mass function on sub-galactic scales
Authors: Benson Andrew J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Simulations of cold dark matter make robust predictions about the slope and normalization of the dark matter halo and subhalo mass functions on small scales. Recent observational advances utilizing strong gravitational lensing have demonstrated the ability of this technique to place constraints on these quantities on subgalactic scales corresponding to dark matter halo masses of 106–$10^9\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. On these scales the physics of baryons, which make up around 17 per cent of the matter content of the Universe but which are not included in pure dark matter N-body simulations, are expected to affect the growth of structure and the collapse of dark matter haloes. In this work, we develop a semi-analytic model to predict the amplitude and slope of the dark matter halo and subhalo mass functions on subgalactic scales in the presence of baryons. We find that the halo mass function is suppressed by up to 25 per cent, and the slope is modified, ranging from −1.916 to −1.868 in this mass range. These results are consistent with current measurements, but differ sufficiently from the expectations for a dark matter only universe that it may be testable in the near future.
Influence of Warning Statements on Understanding of the Negative Health Consequences of Smoking
Authors: Pepper Jessica K , Nguyen Zarndt Anh , Eggers Matthew E , Nonnemaker James M , Portnoy David B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionPursuant to the Tobacco Control Act (TCA), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is developing new cigarette health warnings to convey the negative health consequences of cigarette smoking.Aims and MethodsThis study assessed which of 15 revised warning statements (10 on topics similar to TCA statements and 5 on other topics) promoted greater understanding of cigarette smoking risks relative to TCA statements. In February 2018, adolescent and adult smokers and adolescents susceptible to smoking (n = 2505) completed an online experiment. Control condition participants viewed TCA statements; treatment condition participants viewed combinations of TCA and revised statements. Analyses compared revised statements to TCA statements on the same health topic or to randomly selected TCA statements if there were no statements on the same topic.ResultsRelative to TCA statements, 12 of 15 revised statements were more likely to be considered new information, and 12 resulted in more self-reported learning. Three revised statements made participants think more about health risks than TCA statements; the reverse was true for one revised statement. Participants rated most TCA and revised statements as moderately believable and informative. Seven revised statements were found to be less believable and factual, and one revised statement more believable and factual. Treatment condition participants correctly selected more smoking-related health conditions than control condition participants (13.79 versus 12.42 of 25).ConclusionsFindings suggest that revised statements can promote greater understanding of cigarette smoking risks. Results informed FDA’s selection of warning text that was paired with images for testing in a follow-up study.ImplicationsThe US FDA may adjust the text of the cigarette warning statements provided in the TCA if the revised statements promote greater public understanding of the negative health consequences of cigarette smoking. Most of the revised warning statements tested were more likely to be considered new information and resulted in more self-reported learning compared with paired TCA statements, providing support for using revised statements as part of cigarette health warnings. These results informed the development of pictorial cigarette warnings by FDA that were tested in a follow-up study and included in a proposed rule.
Effect of dairy intake with or without energy restriction on body composition of adults: overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: López-Sobaler Ana M , Aparicio Aránzazu , López Díaz-Ufano M Luisa , Ortega Rosa M , Álvarez-Bueno Celia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Some studies suggest that consumption of dairy products can aid in weight loss, while others suggest a negative effect or no effect.

Objective
An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted to examine the effect of dairy product consumption on changes in body composition.

Data Sources
PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure transparent reporting of evidence. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 2018.

Study Selection
Six systematic reviews and 47 associated meta-analyses (which included the results of 58 different randomized controlled trials) published in English or Spanish and reporting data on dairy intake and changes in weight, fat mass, lean mass, or waist circumference were included.

Data Extraction
Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the AMSTAR2 tool.

Results
Dairy consumption interventions without dietary energy restriction had no significant effects on weight, fat mass, lean mass, or waist circumference. Interventions in energy-restricted settings had significant effects on fat mass and body weight.

Conclusions
Increasing total dairy intake without energy restriction in adults does not affect body composition. In the context of an energy-restricted diet, however, increased dairy intake results in lower fat mass and body weight but has no conclusive effects on waist circumference or lean mass.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42018094672.
Dietary fatty acids as nutritional modulators of sirtuins: a systematic review
Authors: Caldas Ana Paula S , Rocha Daniela Mayumi U P , Bressan Josefina , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
The sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7) constitute a family of highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent proteins. When activated, sirtuins control essential cellular processes to maintain metabolic homeostasis, while lack of expression of sirtuins has been related to chronic disease.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the role of fat consumption as a modulator of human sirtuins.

Data Sources
This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified by searches of the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Study Selection
Randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of fatty acid consumption on sirtuin mRNA expression, sirtuin protein expression, or sirtuin protein activity were eligible for inclusion.

Data Extraction
Two authors screened and determined the quality of the studies; disagreements were resolved by the third author. All authors compared the compiled data.

Results
Seven clinical studies with 3 different types of interventions involving healthy and nonhealthy participants were selected. Only SIRT1 and SIRT3 were evaluated. Overall, the evidence from clinical studies to date is insufficient to understand how lipid consumption modulates sirtuins in humans. The best-characterized mechanism highlights oleic acid as a natural activator of SIRT1.

Conclusion
These results draw attention to a new field of interest in nutrition science. The possible activation of sirtuins by dietary fat manipulation may represent an important nutritional strategy for management of chronic and metabolic disease.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42018114456.
Complementarity in public and private intellectual property enforcement; implications for international standards
Authors: Klein Michael A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
I examine the relationship between public enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights and firm strategies to influence entry of non-deceptive counterfeit products: illegal copies of authentic goods purchased consciously by consumers. I assume that private enforcement investment determines the probability that a counterfeit entrant will be detected, while public investment determines the efficacy of the legal institutions responsible for enforcing IP law. Private and public enforcement serve distinct complementary roles, which combine to determine total IP protection in the economy. I show that differences in the investment incentives of the two entities that control enforcement lead to inefficiently low public investment in equilibrium. In this context, international efforts to impose stricter legal penalties against counterfeiters can be counterproductive: further reducing public enforcement and increasing counterfeit prevalence. In contrast, minimum quality standards can be implemented to better align incentives, encourage higher public enforcement, and reduce inefficiency.
Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRFT1) Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Growth
Authors: Zhu Ruojia , Dong Xiaoxia , Xue Yingying , Xu Jiawei , Zhang Aiqi , Feng Meng , Zhao Qing , Xia Shuyan , Yin Yahong , He Shihua , Li Yuke , Liu Ting , Kang Erfang , Shang Zhonglin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is an apoplastic signaling molecule that plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants. Arabidopsis seedlings have been reported to respond to eATP; however, the downstream signaling components are still not well understood. In this study, we report that an ethylene-responsive factor, Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRTF1), is involved in eATP-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate inhibited green seedling root growth and induced hypocotyl bending of etiolated seedlings. RRTF1 loss-of-function mutant (rrtf1) seedlings showed decreased responses to eATP, while its complementation or overexpression led to recovered or increased eATP responsiveness. RRTF1 was expressed rapidly after eATP stimulation and then migrated into the nuclei of root tip cells. eATP-induced auxin accumulation in root tip or hypocotyl cells was impaired in rrtf1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing results indicated that eATP induced some genes related to cell growth and development in wild type but not in rrtf1 cells. These results suggest that RRTF1 may be involved in eATP signaling by regulating functional gene expression and cell metabolism in Arabidopsis seedlings.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the CareStart™ Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Rapid Diagnostic Test among Chinese Newborns
Authors: Yu Fengting , Zhang Sufen , Chen Binhuan , Zhou Yuqiu , Ma Chengjie , Yang Siyuan , Tang Yunxia , Huang Dan , Xie Xiaohui , Xiao Qizhi , Wang Linghang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the CareStart™ G6PD Deficiency rapid diagnostic test has high diagnostic accuracy on G6PD deficiency in Africa and Thailand, but not in China. As there are regional differences of G6PD genotype distribution, we are attending to verify the effectiveness of the kit in Chinese population. The study cohort included 247 newborns admitted to our hospital for jaundice. The quantitative detection of G6PD enzyme activity and G6PD gene mutations analysis was used to classify the status of G6PD deficiency. The performance of CareStart™ assays was verified by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) based on the corrected G6PD deficiency status. In male newborns, the sensitivity of the CareStart™ assay was 98.9%, the specificity was 94.2% and the AUC was 0.97. In female newborns, the sensitivity was 58.5% when the cutoff value of residual enzyme activity was 100%; however, the sensitivity was 100% when the cutoff value was 60%. Therefore, the CareStart™ test can effectively screen G6PD deficiency in male newborns and female infants with less than 60% residual enzyme activity, female infants with residual enzyme activities of 60–100% are more likely to be missed diagnosed among Chinese newborns.
The clinicopathological characteristics and genetic alterations of mucinous carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Tseng Chien-Hsun , Fang Wen-Liang , Huang Kuo-Hung , Chen Ming-Huang , Chao Yee , Lo Su-Shun , Li Anna Fen-Yau , Wu Chew-Wun , Shyr Yi-Ming 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC) is rare and often associated with an advanced stage. The clinicopathological features and prognosis of MGC and non-MGC (NMGC) are controversial.

Methods:
In total, 2637 gastric cancer (GC) patients receiving curative surgery were enrolled. The clinicopathological features and genetic alterations were compared between patients with MGC and NMGC.

Results:
Among the 2637 GC patients, 92 (3.5%) had MGC. After propensity score matching, compared to patients with NMGC, patients with MGC had more poorly differentiated tumors, medullary stromal reaction-type tumors, tumors with infiltrating Ming’s classification, diffuse-type tumors, more abnormal preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, and more advanced T categories. After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences between MGC and NMGC regarding the initial recurrence patterns, 5-year overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the MGC cell type is not an independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS. No significant differences in microsatellite instability status, Epstein–Barr virus infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, or genetic mutations were observed between MGC and NMGC. The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was significantly higher in MGC than that in NMGC. MGC was diagnosed at a more advanced stage compared with NMGC.

Conclusion:
MGC itself was not an independent prognostic factor of worse survival. MGC was correlated with higher PD-L1 expression than NMGC, which may have a clinical impact on the treatment of MGC in the future.
Drug-induced proarrhythmia: Discussion and considerations for clinical practice
Authors: Klotzbaugh Ralph J. , Martin Alejandra , Turner John Rick 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The clinical practice of pharmaceutical medicine includes contributions from physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. Drug safety considerations are of considerable importance. This article discusses drug-induced proarrhythmia, with a specific focus on Torsade de Pointes (Torsade), a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that typically occurs in self-limiting bursts that can lead to dizziness, palpitations, syncope, and seizures, but on rare occasions can progress to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. A dedicated clinical pharmacology study conducted during a drug's clinical development program has assessed its propensity to induce Torsade using prolongation of the QT interval as seen on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) as a biomarker. Identification of QT-interval prolongation does not necessarily prevent a drug from receiving marketing approval if its overall benefit-risk balance is favorable, but, if approved, a warning is placed in its Prescribing Information. This article explains why drugs can have a proarrhythmic propensity and concludes with a case presentation.
On the front lines of disaster recovery: Nurse practitioners fill the health care void
Authors: Wilson Kathleen P. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Hurricane Michael made landfall in Florida's northwest Gulf Coast on October 10, 2018, causing massive destruction. It was the first Category 5 storm in recorded history to make landfall in the northeast Gulf Coast and the third most destructive hurricane to hit the continental United States. The health care infrastructure collapsed due to the severe damage to two main acute care hospitals, several heath care facilities, and clinics, resulting in large staff layoffs with many physicians relocating out of the area due to lack or support. With many schools and business destroyed, nearly 3,000 children left the school system along with their families. Ultimately, there were not enough living spaces for first responders and recovery crews, so posthurricane recovery efforts were gravely affected. Here are the stories of four nurse practitioners (NPs) who stepped up and recreated themselves to provide needed health care to several communities ravaged by Hurricane Michael. NPs, as skilled and trusted health care providers, are well-prepared to address the pressing life-threatening needs often associated with disasters such as hurricanes, thus ultimately making a difference in health outcomes in affected communities. It is a testimony for NPs across the state of Florida to be able to practice to their full extent of their education and preparation.
Uncommon Prostate Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Horvat Natally , Gusmao Marcelo , Coelho Fernando Morbeck Almeida , Dias Adriano Basso , Bordini Andre Leopoldino , Panizza Pedro Sergio Brito , Cardili Leonardo , Horvat Joao Vicente , Viana Publio Cesar Cavalcante 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common prostate cancer; however, there are several other malignant neoplasms that radiologists should be familiar with. The histological classification of malignant prostate neoplasms includes epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, hematolymphoid tumors, and stromal tumors. Knowledge of the main clinical and prostate magnetic resonance imaging features of uncommon tumors beyond adenocarcinoma is important for radiologists to enlarge their diagnostic ability and guide referring physician regarding the appropriate patient workup.
The aim of this review article is to (1) review the main anatomical and histological concepts of the prostate gland and (2) provide an overview of uncommon prostate malignant neoplasms, emphasizing the key clinical, pathological, and imaging findings that may help radiologists in their daily interpretation of prostate magnetic resonance imaging.
Development and validation of the Irish Science Self-Efficacy Children’s Questionnaire to assess the short-term influence of scientists facilitating outreach
Authors: Carroll Sarah , Sheahan Jerome , McCauley Veronica , Grenon Muriel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the positive relationship between science self-efficacy and science motivation, and the prevalence of scientist-led outreach programs, there is limited research on the effect of scientists on children’s science self-efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, there is no extant science self-efficacy research on primary pupils in Ireland, possibly due to the absence of a suitable and valid assessment instrument. This multi-study research aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire suitable for investigating the effect of scientist-facilitated science outreach on the science self-efficacy of children aged 11-12 years old. In Study 1 the first version of the Irish Science Self-Efficacy Children’s Questionnaire (IS-SEC-Q) was developed and tested with 92 primary school students. In Study 2, the revised questionnaire was re-tested with 282 students. For both studies, construct validity was examined through factor analysis. Questionnaire interpretation and comprehension were investigated via interviews (N=4 and 25 respectively). In Study 2, convergent and criterion validity of the scales was also examined. The final IS-SEC-Q contained 5 scales (63 items), including an adaptation of Usher and Pajares ‘Sources of Self-Efficacy in Mathematics’ scale. Study 2 interviews indicated possible misinterpretations of the Emotional State subscale. The questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties and should serve well for informal science education practitioners endeavouring to assess their impact on primary children’s science self-efficacy.