bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCAR1 and CCAR2 as gene chameleons with antagonistic duality: Preclinical, human translational, and mechanistic basis
Authors: Johnson Gavin S. , Rajendran Praveen , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator 1 (CCAR1) and Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator 2 (CCAR2) have emerged as key players in physiology and pathophysiology, with critical roles in the DNA damage response, nuclear receptor function, and Wnt signaling, among other activities. Contradictory reports exist on the functional duality of CCAR1 and CCAR2 as either tumor promoters or suppressors, suggesting that CCAR1 and CCAR2 have the hallmarks of gene chameleons. We review herein the mechanistic, preclinical, and human translational findings for CCAR1 and CCAR2, based on available RNA and protein expression data from human studies, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data mining, gene knockout mouse models, and cell‐based assays. Multiple factors contribute to the divergent activities of CCAR1 and CCAR2, including tissue type, mutation/genetic background, protein‐protein interactions, dynamic regulation via posttranslational modifications, and alternative RNA splicing. An array of protein partners interact with CCAR1 and CCAR2 in the context of tumor promotion and suppression, including β‐catenin, androgen receptor, p21Cip1/Waf1, tumor protein p53 (p53), sirtuin 1, and histone deacetylase 3. Genetic changes frequently found in cancer, such as TP53 mutation, also serve as critical determinants of survival outcomes in cancer patients. This review seeks to provide the impetus for further investigation into CCAR1 and CCAR2 as potential master regulators of metabolism, aging, and cancer.
An advanced prediction model for postoperative complications and early implant failure
Authors: Feher Balazs , Lettner Stefan , Heinze Georg , Karg Florian , Ulm Christian , Gruber Reinhard , Kuchler Ulrike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesRisk prediction in implant dentistry presents specific challenges including the dependence of observations from patients with multiple implants and rare outcome events. The aim of this study was to use advanced statistical methods based on penalized regression to assess risk factors in implant dentistry.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study from January 2016 to November 2018 recording postoperative complications including bleeding, hematoma, local infection, and nerve damage, as well as early implant failure. We further assessed patient‐ and implant‐related risk factors including smoking and diabetes, as well as treatment parameters including types of gaps and surgical procedures. Univariable and multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were estimated to assess predictor effects, and a prediction model was fitted using L1 penalized estimation (lasso).ResultsIn a total of 1,132 patients (mean age: 50.6 ± 16.5 years, 55.4% female) and 2,413 implants, postoperative complications occurred in 71 patients. Sixteen implants were lost prior to loading. Multivariable GEE models showed a higher risk of any complication for diabetes mellitus (p = .006) and bone augmentation (p = .039). The models further revealed a higher risk of local infection for bone augmentation (p = .003), and a higher risk of hematoma formation for diabetes mellitus (p = .007) and edentulous jaws (p = .024). The lasso model did not select any risk factors into the prediction model.ConclusionsUsing novel methodology well‐suited to tackle the specific challenges of risk prediction in implant dentistry, we were able to reliably estimate associations of risk factors with outcomes.
Weight loss in adults following bariatric surgery, a systematic review of preoperative behavioural predictors
Authors: Kourounis Georgios , Kong Chia Yew , Logue Jennifer , Gibson Simon 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBariatric surgery is effective in treating obesity in many cases, yet as many as 50% of patients may not achieve the desired weight reduction. Preoperative modifiable behavioural factors could help patient selection and intervention design to improve outcomes. Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO were searched to identify studies published between 1 January 2008 and 14 February 2019 reporting on preoperative modifiable behavioural factors associated with postoperative weight loss, with minimum 2 years follow‐up. A total of 6888 articles were screened, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Maladaptive eating behaviours (MEB), preoperative weight loss (PWL), and tobacco use were reported 21, 18, and 3 times respectively. Physical activity and substance abuse were each reported once. Most articles on PWL (72.2%) and MEB (52.4%) reported no association. Positive associations were reported in 22.2% and 14.3% of articles for PWL and MEB respectively. Negative associations were reported in 5.6% and 33.3% of articles for PWL and MEB, respectively. Marked heterogeneity in outcome reporting hindered quantitative synthesis. The current paucity of evidence amenable to synthesis leads to ongoing uncertainty regarding the size and direction of association between PWL and MEB with outcomes following bariatric surgery. Long‐term studies with common reporting of outcomes are needed.
Application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for investigating skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials using new approach methods
Authors: Bezerra Soraia F. , dos Santos Rodrigues Bruna , da Silva Artur C. G. , de Ávila Renato I. , Brito Hallison R. G. , Cintra Emílio R. , Veloso Danillo F. M. C. , Lima Eliana M. , Valadares Marize C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, considerable efforts to standardize methods for accurate assessment of properties and safety aspects of nanomaterials are being made. However, immunomodulation effects upon skin exposure to nanomaterial have not been explored.ObjectivesTo investigate the immunotoxicity of single‐wall carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, and fullerene using the current mechanistic understanding of skin sensitization by applying the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP).MethodsInvestigation of the ability of nanomaterials to interact with skin proteins using the micro‐direct peptide reactivity assay; the expression of CD86 cell surface marker using the U937 cell activation test (OECD No. 442E/2018); and the effects of nanomaterials on modulating inflammatory response through inflammatory cytokine release by U937 cells.ResultsThe nanomaterials easily internalized into keratinocytes cells, interacted with skin proteins, and triggered activation of U937 cells by increasing CD86 expression and modulating inflammatory cytokine production. Consequently, these nanomaterials were classified as skin sensitizers in vitro.ConclusionsOur study suggests the potential immunotoxicity of nanomaterials and highlights the importance of studying the immunotoxicity and skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials to anticipate possible human health risks using standardized mechanistic nonanimal methods with high predictive accuracy. Therefore, it contributes toward the applicability of existing OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development) testing guidelines for accurate assessment of nanomaterial skin sensitization potential.
Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection for local residual/recurrent colorectal tumor after endoscopic resection: Large multicenter 10‐year study
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Nagata Shinji , Kunihiro Masaki , Kuwai Toshio , Hiraga Yuko , Mizumoto Takeshi , Okanobu Hideharu , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesFor local residual/recurrent and endoscopic resection (ER) interrupted colorectal tumors, endoscopic retreatment is often difficult due to severe submucosal fibrosis. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can achieve en bloc resection, even for tumors with severe submucosal fibrosis, although it is a risk factor for incomplete resection and perforation. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of colorectal ESD for local residual/recurrent tumors including ER interrupted tumors from a large multicenter study.MethodsFrom January 2008 until December 2018, 3,937 colorectal tumors were resected by ESD at the Hiroshima GI Endoscopy Research Group. From this group, 81 local residual/recurrent tumors and 21 ER interrupted tumors were included. We analyzed ESD outcomes, particularly the difference between the early and late phases and re‐recurrence after ESD for local residual/recurrent tumors.ResultsFor local residual/recurrent tumors, en bloc and R0 resection rates were 95% (77/81) and 90% (73/81), respectively. The intraoperative perforation rate was 6% (5/81), and one patient required surgery. The delayed perforation rate was 2% (2/81), and one patient required surgery. For ER interrupted tumors, both the en bloc and R0 resection rates were 86% (18/21), with no major adverse events. For local residual/recurrent and ER interrupted tumors, the intraoperative perforation rate was significantly lower in the late phase compared with the early phase. Following curative resection for local residual/recurrent tumors, no local re‐recurrences occurred.ConclusionsColorectal ESD is an effective treatment for local residual/recurrent and ER interrupted tumors.
An investigation of the shape of the hoof capsule in hindlimbs, its relationship with the orientation of the distal phalanx and comparison with forelimb hoof capsule conformation
Authors: Kalka K. , Pollard D. , Dyson S. J. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThere is limited information documenting hind foot conformation. The objectives of the study were to describe the shape of the hoof capsule of hindlimbs from the lateral aspect in horses of variable breeds, and, within horses, to compare the conformation of the hoof capsule of forelimbs and hindlimbs and determine the orientation of the distal phalanx within the hoof capsule in hindlimbs. Lateral photographs of the fore and hind feet (n = 225) and lateromedial radiographs of the hind feet (n = 29) were obtained. Differences among breed and shoeing status groups were assessed using multivariable mixed‐effects linear regression models. Angular parameters and ratios of linear measurements were compared between fore and hind feet; angular radiological variables and photographic parameters of the hind feet were compared. The mean dorsal hoof wall angle for hind feet (50.9°±3.7°) was smaller than forefeet (51.8°±3.9°) (P = 0.04). The mean heel angles for hind feet (36.4°±9.6°) were smaller than forefeet (40.1°±9.3°; P < 0.001). Dorsal hoof wall (P < 0.001) and heel (P = 0.002) angles were larger in unshod than shod feet. In the hind feet, the dorsal hoof wall was parallel to the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx. The median angle of the distal phalanx to the horizontal (angle S) was 0.6° (interquartile range: −1.4, 2.3°). There was a positive relationship between angle S and the hoof wall angle (W); each 1° increase in angle S was associated with 0.6° increase in angle W (P < 0.001). Angle S was also positively associated with photographic heel angle; each degree increase in the angle S was associated with 1.8° increase in the heel angle (P < 0.001). It was concluded that the angle of the distal phalanx to the horizontal in hindlimbs is smaller than published values for forelimbs. The orientation of the distal phalanx in hindlimbs is correlated with external characteristics of the hoof capsule.
A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity
Authors: Meurer Katharina , Barron Jennie , Chenu Claire , Coucheney Elsa , Fielding Matthew , Hallett Paul , Herrmann Anke M. , Keller Thomas , Koestel John , Larsbo Mats , Lewan Elisabet , Or Dani , Parsons David , Parvin Nargish , Taylor Astrid , Vereecken Harry , Jarvis Nicholas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil degradation is a worsening global phenomenon driven by socio‐economic pressures, poor land management practices and climate change. A deterioration of soil structure at timescales ranging from seconds to centuries is implicated in most forms of soil degradation including the depletion of nutrients and organic matter, erosion and compaction. New soil–crop models that could account for soil structure dynamics at decadal to centennial timescales would provide insights into the relative importance of the various underlying physical (e.g. tillage, traffic compaction, swell/shrink and freeze/thaw) and biological (e.g. plant root growth, soil microbial and faunal activity) mechanisms, their impacts on soil hydrological processes and plant growth, as well as the relevant timescales of soil degradation and recovery. However, the development of such a model remains a challenge due to the enormous complexity of the interactions in the soil–plant system. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of biological processes on soil structure dynamics, especially the growth of plant roots and the activity of soil fauna and microorganisms. We first define what we mean by soil structure and then review current understanding of how these biological agents impact soil structure. We then develop a new framework for modelling soil structure dynamics, which is designed to be compatible with soil–crop models that operate at the soil profile scale and for long temporal scales (i.e. decades, centuries). We illustrate the modelling concept with a case study on the role of root growth and earthworm bioturbation in restoring the structure of a severely compacted soil.
Rapid U‐Pb Geochronology by Laser Ablation Multi‐Collector ICP‐MS
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , Gehrels George E. , Pecha Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

Detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) has revolutionised the way geologists approach many Earth science questions. Although recent research has focused on rapid sample throughput, acquisition rates are limited to 100–300 analyses h−1. We present a method to acquire zircon U‐Pb dates at rates of 120, 300, 600 and 1200 analyses h−1 (30, 12, 6 and 3 s per analysis) by multi‐collector LA‐ICP‐MS. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method by analysing twelve zircon reference materials with dates from ~ 3465 to ~ 28 Ma. Mean offset from high‐precision dates increases with faster rates from 0.9% to 1.1%; mean random 1s uncertainty increases from 0.6% to 1.3%. We tested this new method on a sandstone sample previously characterised by large‐n DZ geochronology. Quantitative comparison shows increased correspondence among age distributions comprising > 300 dates. This new method holds promise for DZ geochronology because (a) it requires no major changes to hardware, but rather modifications to software; (b) it yields robust age distributions well‐suited for quantitative analysis and maximum depositional age calculations; (c) there is only a minor sacrifice of accuracy and measurement uncertainty; and (d) there is less burden to researchers in terms of time investment and analytical cost.
A laboratory study of the impact of ultraconservative access cavities and minimal root canal tapers on the ability to shape canals in extracted mandibular molars and their fracture resistance
Authors: Augusto C. M. , Barbosa A. F. A. , Guimarães C. C. , Lima C. O. , Ferreira C. M. , Sassone L. M. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of ultraconservative endodontic access cavities (UEC) and the use of instruments with various tapers (.03 or .05) and tip diameters (25 or 40) on the ability to shape canals in mandibular molars and their fracture resistance in comparison with traditional endodontic access cavities (TEC).MethodologyThirty‐two intact extracted mandibular molars were scanned in a micro‐computed tomography device, matched based on similar anatomical features and assigned to UEC or TEC groups and to subgroups according to mechanical canal preparation with Bassi Logic™ rotary NiTi instruments with .03 or .05 taper (n = 8 per group). The teeth were mounted onto a mannequin head, and the pulp chambers were accessed and the root canals subjected to instrumentation. In the first stage, size 25 endodontic instruments were used, with .03 or .05 tapers. The teeth were re‐scanned. Subsequently, a second canal instrumentation was performed with the size 40 instruments with .03 or .05 tapers and scanned again. The root canals were filled and then the teeth restored before being subjected to fracture resistance tests. The data on untouched canal areas, canal transportation, centring ability, the percentage of removed dentine and maximum load at fracture were analysed. One‐way anova and Tukey's tests were performed for inter‐group analysis. The paired‐samples t‐test was performed on the results between size 25 and size 40 apical preparations for each individual specimen (P < 0.05).ResultsNo significant difference was observed for the percentage of untouched canal area when comparing UEC and TEC groups or between the .03 and .05 tapers with the same instrument tip size (P > 0.05). There was a significantly lower percentage of untouched canal area after instrumentation with size 40 instruments when compared to size 25 (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the percentage of dentine removed was observed between the access cavities or the different tapers (P > 0.05). Size 40 apical preparations removed significantly more dentine than size 25 preparations (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in canal transportation, centring ability and fracture resistance in any of the tested groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsUltraconservative endodontic access cavities did not offer any advantages in comparison with traditional endodontic access cavities on the ability to shape canals, nor the fracture resistance of mandibular molars. No differences were observed in shaping ability and fracture resistance between .03 and .05 taper canal preparations. Apical preparation with larger instruments resulted in significantly less untouched canal area in all groups.
Preparation and characterization of microporous magnesia‐based refractory
Authors: Hou Qingdong , Luo Xudong , Xie Zhipeng , Li Yongzhi , An Di , Li Jijia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there was a huge demand for basic lightweight insulation materials in the metallurgical industry, especially magnesia‐based refractories with low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the preparation of microporous magnesia‐based refractory products through the synthesis of lightweight aggregate and the different grain compositions to meet the supply of light basic refractories is discussed in this paper. The microstructure, pore size distribution, phase composition, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and sintering properties of the microporous magnesia‐based refractory products sintered at 1600°C were characterized. The results indicated that the original salt pseudomorph produced by the thermal decomposition of magnesite fine powder (porogenic agent) provides a uniform microporous structure for the synthesis of lightweight aggregates. The microporous morphology of the periclase phase was controlled by adjusting the content of the porogenic agent. The average pore size of microporous magnesia‐based refractory ranged from 1.5 to 4.2 μm, and the apparent porosity increased from 29.88% to 32.46%. In the same time, the thermal conductivity increased from 0.037 to 0.217 W/(m K), indicating that the introduction of homologous porogenic agents could produce lightweight alkaline refractories with high porosity and low thermal conductivity.
Effects of added aluminum chromium slag on the structure and mechanical properties of colored zirconia ceramics
Authors: Luo Pan , Zhang Jin , Lin Tong , Ran Xuelin , Liu Yuhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColored zirconia ceramic samples were prepared via pressureless sintering with yttria‐stabilized zirconia as a raw material and aluminum chromium slag (ACS) as an additive. Then, the effects of added ACS (0‐15.0 wt%) on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the ceramic were investigated. The addition of ACS changed the apparent color of zirconia ceramics from white to pink, and the color deepened as the ACS content increased. In addition, more pores appeared in the sintered ceramic substrate as the content of ACS increased, and the relative density of samples declined from 97.7% to 91.1% with an increase in ACS content. However, the microhardness and bending strength each reached their maximum values (1887.2 HV and 433.5 MPa, respectively) when the content of ACS was 5.0 wt%. Fracture surface analysis of the samples showed that intergranular fractures were the main features of sintered samples with no added ACS, whereas numerous transgranular fractures occurred in sintered samples to which ACS had been added. The XRD results revealed that the prepared mainly composite ceramics were composed of t‐ZrO2, m‐ZrO2, and chromium‐corundum, and the content of the t‐ZrO2 gradually increased as the ACS content increased.
The influence mechanism of environmental anxiety on pro‐environmental behaviour: The role of self‐discrepancy
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhao Jing , Wang Jianguo , Wang Jianming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental anxiety (EA) caused by environmental pollution has prompted consumers to change their behaviour towards greener, lower‐carbon and environmentally friendly. However, its boundary conditions and internal mechanisms are still unclear. With two experiments based on attentional control theory and self‐discrepancy theory, this study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of EA on PEB. In Experiment 1, it was found that environmental anxiety can directly and significantly affect Pro‐environmental behaviour intention (PEBI). In Experiment 2, it was found that at high levels of self‐discrepancy, EA can directly and significantly affect compensatory PEBI, and guilt can play a significant mediating role in the effect of EA on compensatory PEBI. However, EA does not significantly affect promotional PEBI. At low levels of self‐discrepancy, EA can directly and significantly affect promotional PEBI but cannot affect compensatory PEBI. Therefore, we concluded that the same PEB could have different psychological mechanisms in different contexts.
Edible packaging from hydroxypropyl thermoplastic cassava starch, agar and maltodextrin blends produced by cast extrusion
Authors: Wongphan Phanwipa , Harnkarnsujarit Nathdanai 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEdible packaging from hydroxypropyl cassava starch with different degrees of substitution (DS), agar and maltodextrin films was produced by conventional cast extrusion. Microstructures showed hydrophobic agar aggregates (100–200 µm) dispersed in film matrices, giving nonsmooth surfaces that enhanced wettability (17%–31%). Higher DS increased interaction between agar and maltodextrin via hydrogen bonding due to greater plasticisation and enhanced formation of agar networks. Lower DS starch showed instability with lower tensile strength (23% of higher DS), giving poor processability that was greatly improved by agar (20%). Water vapour and oxygen permeability depended on microstructures and hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of the matrices which were decreased by 25% and 58% with combined agar and maltodextrin, respectively. Crystallinity of the films depended on plasticisation, with enhanced mobility that reduced transparency. Agar and maltodextrin inhibited recrystallisation of starch. Findings suggested that higher DS starch and agar enhanced extrusion processability, while maltodextrin increased plasticisation and reduced network strength.