bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous progression of experimental peri‐implantitis in augmented and pristine bone: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Carcuac Olivier , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Derks Jan , Petzold Max , Berglundh Tord 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the progression of experimental peri‐implantitis around different implants placed in augmented and pristine sites.Materials and MethodsSix labrador dogs were used. Three months after tooth extraction, four implants with different surface modifications were installed on each side of the mandible. A standard osteotomy was applied on one side, while on the contralateral side the osteotomy was modified, resulting in a gap between the implant and the bone wall. The gap was filled with a bone substitute and covered by a resorbable membrane. Three months after implant installation, implants were exposed and healing abutments were connected. Two months later, oral hygiene procedures were abandoned and a cotton ligature was placed in a submarginal position around the neck of all implants and kept in place for 4 weeks. Following ligature removal, plaque formation continued for 6 months (spontaneous progression period). Radiographs were obtained throughout the experiment, and biopsies were collected and prepared for histological evaluation at the end of the spontaneous progression period.ResultsDifferences in bone loss during the spontaneous progression period between pristine and augmented sites were small. The size and vertical dimension of the peri‐implantitis lesion were larger at augmented than at pristine sites. Implants with non‐modified surfaces exhibited smaller amounts of bone loss and smaller dimensions of peri‐implantitis lesions than implants with modified surfaces.ConclusionSmall differences in spontaneous progression of peri‐implantitis were detected between pristine and augmented sites. Implants with modified surfaces exhibited more bone loss and larger lesions than implants with non‐modified surfaces, irrespective of the type of surrounding bone.
Treatment with brentuximab vedotin plus bendamustine in unselected patients with CD30‐positive aggressive lymphomas
Authors: Wagner Sandro M. , Melchardt Thomas , Egle Alexander , Magnes Teresa , Skrabs Cathrin , Staber Philipp , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Panny Michael , Lehner Barbara , Greil Richard , Keil Felix , Jäger Ulrich , Sillaber Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesA treatment regimen consisting of bendamustine and brentuximab vedotin (BV) has been described as a highly potent salvage therapy and as an effective induction therapy leading to high response rates before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In this retrospective analysis, we aimed to assess this therapy's efficacy in unselected patients with cHL and CD30+ peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL).Patients and methodsData of 28 patients with cHL and five patients with PTCL treated with a combination of bendamustine and BV at three Austrian tertiary cancer centers were analyzed.ResultsIn patients with cHL, the ORR was 100% (78.6% CR, 21.4% PR). After 17 months median follow‐up, median survival times were not reached; 1‐year PFS was 81.9%, and 1‐year OS was 95.7%. Thirteen eligible patients (46.4%) successfully underwent planned ASCT after salvage therapy with bendamustine and BV and subsequent high‐dose chemotherapy. Three of the five PTCL patients achieved CR, while two did not respond and died during or shortly after therapy.ConclusionA combination of bendamustine and BV is an effective salvage and induction therapy before ASCT in patients with relapsed/refractory cHL. Further research is warranted to evaluate the use in patients with PTCL.
High‐dose cyclophosphamide for hard‐to‐treat patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, a phase II result
Authors: Michot Jean‐Marie , Annereau Maxime , Danu Alina , Legoupil Clémence , Bertin Louis , Chahine Claude , Achab Nadia , Antosikova Anna , Cerutti Ariane , Rossignol Julien , Ghez David , Willekens Christophe , Dartigues Peggy , Lazarovici Julien , Lemare Francois , Ribrag Vincent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose cyclophosphamide to treat solid refractory tumors demonstrated meaningful activity, while data to treat lymphoma remain scarce. This study aims to assess high‐dose cyclophosphamide to treat relapsed or refractory lymphoma.MethodsA phase II study included adult patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously treated by ≥2 prior lines with no other available option of therapy. High‐dose cyclophosphamide was given intravenously 3 g/m2 over two consecutive days and repeated once at 28 days in responding patients. Rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously was added in patients not refractory to anti‐CD20 antibody.ResultsForty‐two patients with median age 65 [56‐70] years were included. Patients had previously received a median of four lines of therapies. Tumor types were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 26; 62%), indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 10; 24%), or mantle lymphoma (n = 6; 14%). Hematologic and non‐hematologic grade 3‐5 toxicities occurred in 42 (100%) and 18 (43%) of patients, respectively. The overall response rate was 45%.ConclusionOne to two cycles of high‐dose cyclophosphamide in hard‐to‐treat patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma demonstrated a favorable safety and efficacy profile. This regimen could serve as a bridge to modern cellular therapy with CAR‐T cell.
Predator hunting modes and predator–prey space games
Authors: Luttbeg Barney , Hammond John I. , Brodin Tomas , Sih Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredators and prey are often engaged in a game where their expected fitnesses are affected by their relative spatial distributions. Game models generally predict that when predators and prey move at similar temporal and spatial scales that predators should distribute themselves to match the distribution of the prey's resources and that prey should be relatively uniformly distributed. These predictions should better apply to sit‐and‐pursue and sit‐and‐wait predators, who must anticipate the spatial distributions of their prey, than active predators that search for their prey. We test this with an experiment observing the spatial distributions and estimating the causes of movements between patches for Pacific tree frog tadpoles (Pseudacris regilla), a sit‐and‐pursue dragonfly larvae predator (Rhionaeschna multicolor), and an active salamander larval predator (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium) when a single species was in the arena and when the prey was with one of the predators. We find that the sit‐and‐pursue predator favors patches with more of the prey's algae resources when the prey is not in the experimental arena and that the prey, when in the arena with this predator, do not favor patches with more resources. We also find that the active predator does not favor patches with more algae and that prey, when with an active predator, continue to favor these higher resource patches. These results suggest that the hunting modes of predators impact their spatial distributions and the spatial distributions of their prey, which has potential to have cascading effects on lower trophic levels.
Kinetic and structural studies of Trypanosoma and Leishmania phosphofructokinases show evolutionary divergence and identify AMP as a switch regulating glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis
Authors: Fernandes Peter M. , Kinkead James , McNae Iain W. , Vásquez‐Valdivieso Monserrat , Wear Martin A. , Michels Paul A. M. , Walkinshaw Malcolm D. 
Published: December 2019

Trypanosomatids possess glycosome organelles that contain much of the glycolytic machinery, including phosphofructokinase (PFK). We present kinetic and structural data for PFK from three human pathogenic trypanosomatids, illustrating intriguing differences that may reflect evolutionary adaptations to differing ecological niches. The activity of Leishmania PFK – to a much larger extent than Trypanosoma PFK – is reliant on AMP for activity regulation, with 1 mm AMP increasing the L. infantum PFK (LiPFK) kcat/K0.5F6P value by 10‐fold, compared to only a 1.3‐ and 1.4‐fold increase for T. cruzi and T. brucei PFK, respectively. We also show that Leishmania PFK melts at a significantly lower (> 15 °C) temperature than Trypanosoma PFKs and that addition of either AMP or ATP results in a marked stabilization of the protein. Sequence comparisons of Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. show that divergence of the two genera involved amino acid substitutions that occur in the enzyme’s ‘reaching arms’ and ‘embracing arms’ that determine tetramer stability. The dramatic effects of AMP on Leishmania activity compared with the Trypanosoma PFKs may be explained by differences between the T‐to‐R equilibria for the two families, with the low‐melting Leishmania PFK favouring the flexible inactive T‐state in the absence of AMP. Sequence comparisons along with the enzymatic and structural data presented here also suggest there was a loss of AMP‐dependent regulation in Trypanosoma species rather than gain of this characteristic in Leishmania species and that AMP acts as a key regulator in Leishmania governing the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The emergence of fatty acids—Aquatic insects as vectors along a productivity gradient
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin , Chaguaceda Fernando , Dalman Erik , Tranvik Lars , Eklöv Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems differ fundamentally in the abundance of long‐chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n‐3), which are produced by aquatic algae, but only in low quantities by terrestrial plants. Aquatic insects, such as Chironomidae (non‐biting midges) feed on algae during their larval stage, making them rich in EPA and therefore high‐quality prey for insectivores after emergence. However, the magnitude of EPA subsidies from aquatic insects may be different among water bodies in response to abiotic (e.g. nutrient load) as well as biotic factors (e.g. food web structure).

To test the predation effects of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), nutrient concentrations, and Chironomidae community composition on the fatty acid export from aquatic ecosystems, we conducted a 25‐day experiment across 20 1,500‐L mesocosms covering a total phosphorus (TP) gradient of 20–1,000 µg/L.

Twice a week, we collected adult emerging Chironomidae and found differences in fatty acid composition in the two most abundant chironomid species emerging from the mesocosms. Two PUFAs, α‐linolenic acid and EPA, contributed to most of the variation in Chironomidae fatty acid content across the nutrient gradient. Whereas the proportions of α‐linolenic acid were positively correlated to the mesocosm TP concentration, we found a negative correlation for the proportions of Chironomidae EPA and mesocosm TP concentration. However, despite lower biomass‐specific EPA content at higher TP, higher biomass of emerging Chironomidae at intermediate TP concentrations resulted in higher total export of PUFAs from water to land.

Predation pressure from carp decreased the biomass of emerging Chironomidae on average 8‐fold. Chironomidae biomass showed a hump‐shaped relationship along the TP‐gradient and was strongly influenced by periphyton biomass.

Export rates of EPA and fatty acids in general responded in a quadratic manner along the nutrient gradient, reaching a maximum value at a TP of 400 µg/L and decreasing thereafter.

These findings highlight that the export of fatty acids from aquatic systems via adult Chironomidae is highly dependent on fish predation pressure, but also the nutrient concentrations of the system.
Follow‐up of need for dental treatment in 126 patients who have received radiation treatment to the head and neck region
Authors: Rinstad Tamara , Bergqvist Birgitta , Mattsson Ulf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the need for dental treatment, compliance with post‐radiation prophylactic care and incidence of long‐term complications following radiotherapy to the head and neck.MethodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of dental records of patients referred for oral examination before radiation treatment to the head and neck between 2006 and 2016. Data of dental status and need for dental treatment before radiation therapy were used as baseline information. Dental records could be obtained from 126 patients (men n = 74; women n = 52). The mean time from completed radiotherapy to follow‐up was 5.8 years (SD 2.9).ResultsThe need for dental treatment was for the majority of patients relatively modest and mainly due to caries and fractures of teeth or fillings, but extensive need for dental treatment was noted in a few patients. One hundred and twenty‐five out of 126 patients had complied with individual post‐radiation prophylactic care programmes provided by the regular caregiver. Ninety‐two out of 126 obtained dental records (73%) described hyposalivation and/or xerostomia. Osteoradionecrosis developed in 11 patients (8.7%), frequently requiring long‐term treatment.ConclusionsThe results indicate that dental status may often be preserved if the patient is given regular information on oral hygiene and complies with prophylactic follow‐up. Individual cases develop serious complications, and dental hygienists and dentists must be observant on early signs of rampant caries, trismus and osteoradionecrosis.
Green extraction of soluble dietary fibre from coffee silverskin: impact of ultrasound/microwave‐assisted extraction
Authors: Wen Le , Zhang Zhihang , Zhao Ming , Senthamaraikannan Ramsankar , Padamati Ramesh Babu , Sun Da‐Wen , Tiwari Brijesh K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoffee silverskin (CSS), a potential source of soluble dietary fibre (8%–11%), is a major coffee by‐product obtained during the coffee roasting process. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) have been considered as efficient and economic novel extraction techniques. In this study, UAE, MAE and simultaneous ultrasound–microwave‐assisted extraction (UMAE) techniques were investigated for soluble dietary fibre (SDF) extraction from CSS and compared with conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The highest recovery rate of SDF was accomplished by UMAE (42.7 ± 0.4%), which was 1.5‐fold, 1.9‐fold and 1.2‐fold of the recovery rates achieved by CSE, UAE and MAE, respectively. The extraction time of UMAE was 20 min, which was the same as UAE and MAE, and 4.5‐fold less than CSE. It implied that the combination of UAE and MAE could enhance the extraction process by increasing the recovery rate as well as by reducing extraction time as compared with CSE or other individual novel extraction methods applied. Nutritional composition and physicochemical characteristics of the SDF extracts from CSS were also investigated in the study.
Digital follow‐up by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy of actinic keratosis treated with Imiquimod 3.75% cream
Authors: Benati E. , Longhitano S. , Pampena R. , Mirra M. , Raucci M. , Pellacani G. , Longo C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundImiquimod 3.75% cream (Zyclara® Meda, Stockholm, Sweden) is a new field‐directed therapy for actinic keratosis (AK).ObjectivesThe aim is to evaluate efficacy and the morphologic dynamic changes induced by this treatment by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of imiquimod 3.75% cream for the treatment of AKs of the face or scalp and to evaluate.MethodsThirty‐two patients were treated with Imiquimod 3.75% cream. Demographic parameters, AK‐FAS and AKASI scores and side‐effects were collected. RCM and dermatoscopy on one target AKs were performed at each visit. We collected images at baseline (T0), after 1 week from the end of the first 2‐week cycle (T1), after 1 week from the end of the entire treatment (T2) and 2 months after the end of treatment (T3).ResultsOne target representative AK in the selected area of treatment of each patient was analysed. All dermoscopic and confocal parameters were reduced 2 months after the end of the therapy (T3) with a substantial reduction of AKASI and AK‐FAS scores, and 17 cases (54.8%) were completely solved. Confocal microscopic analysis showed a reduction of keratinocytes disarray in 77.4% of cases; none showed crusts and parakeratosis. Inflammation was considerably decreased and was observed only in 12.9% of patients at the last visit. This improvement was not assessed on dermatoscopy because of inflammation and background erythema, which adversely influenced the assessments. LSRs were observed in almost all the patients during treatment being more severe after the first cycle of treatment (T1).ConclusionsImiquimod 3.75% cream is effective in treating clinical and subclinical AKs with an easy management of side‐effects. Dermatoscopy and mostly RCM allow non‐invasive monitoring of treatment response in vivo.
The Warburg effect and tumour immune microenvironment in extramammary Paget's disease: overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase A correlates with immune resistance
Authors: Urata K. , Kajihara I. , Miyauchi H. , Mijiddorj T. , Otsuka‐Maeda S. , Sakamoto R. , Sawamura S. , Kanemaru H. , Kanazawa‐Yamada S. , Makino K. , Aoi J. , Makino T. , Fukushima S. , Komohara Y. , Ihn H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundExtramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant skin cancer. One of the hallmarks of cancers, including EMPD, is an enhancement of aerobic glycolysis, which is also known as the Warburg effect. In the last step of glycolysis, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, the accumulation of which contributes to the creation of an acidic tumour microenvironment. This in turn results in immunosuppression in various types of cancers. However, the contribution of these pathways has not been well‐studied in EMPD.ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of the Warburg effect and its contribution to the tumour immune microenvironment in EMPD.MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of molecules involved in glycolysis and immune‐related cytokines were examined by ddPCR. The number of immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsThe levels of two glycolytic enzymes, HK2 and LDHA, in tumour tissues were significantly increased compared to those in paired‐normal tissues. IHC analyses revealed increased numbers of PD‐L1+, PD‐1+, CD163+ M2 macrophages, Iba1+ macrophages and Foxp3+ Tregs that were associated with high LDHA levels in EMPD. ddPCR demonstrated that multiple cytokines including IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β and CCL‐2 were upregulated and associated with high LDHA levels in EMPD. Statistical analyses showed that IL‐6 mRNA expression correlated with the number of CD163+, Iba‐1+ and Foxp3+ cells.ConclusionThe Warburg effect contributes to immunomodulation in the tumour microenvironment and further elucidation may lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of EMPD.
Happiness in dermatology: a holistic evaluation of the mental burden of skin diseases
Authors: Schuster B. , Ziehfreund S. , Albrecht H. , Spinner C.D. , Biedermann T. , Peifer C. , Zink A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization, mental health is a state of well‐being and not merely the absence of disease. However, studies exploring subjective well‐being in patients with skin diseases are very rare.ObjectivesTo assess subjective well‐being, i.e. ‘happiness’, in patients with different skin diseases and to compare them to other patient groups and healthy controls.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from 12/2017 to 04/2019. Patients receiving in‐ or outpatient care for psoriasis, atopic eczema, nummular eczema, mastocytosis, skin cancer (malignant melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) were recruited at two hospitals in Bavaria, Germany. Healthy individuals living in or near Munich served as a control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire assessing happiness, measured as positive affect (PA), negative affect and satisfaction with life (SWL; together representing subjective well‐being) and a heuristic evaluation of one's own happiness.ResultsData from 229 dermatologic patients (53.3 ± 18.5 years, 48% women), 49 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (48.9 ± 18.7 years, 43% women), 49 patients with HIV (46 ± 10.1 years, 10% women) and 106 healthy controls (38.4 ± 13.4 years, 49% women) were analysed. Compared to the controls, dermatologic patients reported lower heuristic happiness (P = 0.023) and PA (P = 0.001) but higher SWL (P = 0.043). Patients with psoriasis and atopic eczema reported the lowest happiness, as they reported significantly lower PA (P = 0.032 and P < 0.001) and heuristic happiness (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015) than the control group. Patients with skin cancer reported higher SWL than the control group (P = 0.003). Dermatologic patients reported lower happiness than patients with HIV but reported greater happiness than patients with IBD.ConclusionsDermatologic patients experience lower levels of happiness, especially PA, compared to healthy controls. As PA is linked to desirable health outcomes, targeting PA could be a promising holistic approach for the treatment of skin diseases.
Effectiveness of a music intervention on pruritus: an open randomized prospective study
Authors: Demirtas S. , Houssais C. , Tanniou J. , Misery L. , Brenaut E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a common symptom in many skin diseases. Music interventions have demonstrated their efficacy in different symptoms or diseases such as pain, depression and anxiety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a music intervention on pruritus.Patients and methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019. Fifty inpatients with pruritus intensity ≥3/10 in various chronic skin diseases were randomized in a music group or an emollient group. The primary endpoint was the evolution of pruritus as measured by the Numerical Rating Scale before and one hour after the procedure. The secondary judgement criteria were the effects on patient anxiety, the impact of pruritus on the quality of life and patient satisfaction (NCT 03701971).ResultsFifty patients with chronic pruritus were included, 62% were male, and the average age was 60.7 years. The most common diseases were psoriasis (N = 10), atopic dermatitis (N = 8) and contact eczema (N = 6). The average ItchyQol score was 64.8/110, showing a significant impact on quality of life. The intensity of pruritus decreased more significantly in the music intervention group than in the emollient group: 2.3 (SD 2.1) and 1.2 (SD 1.7), respectively (P < 0.05). There was a decrease in anxiety in both groups, with no statistical significant difference between groups. Among patients who received the music intervention, 64% reported feeling an improvement, 91% would recommend the music intervention, and 64% would like to continue this practice.DiscussionPruritus management is complex and requires first‐line aetiological treatment. Aetiological or symptomatic treatments do not always provide enough relief; it is useful to find other therapeutic options. The music intervention has shown interest in our study. Its repeated use over the long term will be interesting to evaluate. As in pain, music may work by activating inhibitory neural circuits. The use of music is a simple method to manage chronic pruritus.