bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic Experiences Are Associated With Paternal Age But Not With Delayed Fatherhood in a Large, Multinational, Community Sample
Authors: Schürhoff Franck , Pignon Baptiste , Lajnef Mohamed , Denis Romain , Rutten Bart , Morgan Craig , Murray Robin M , Leboyer Marion , van Os Jim , Szöke Andrei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Advanced paternal age has been consistently associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. It is less known if such an association also exists with subclinical/attenuated forms of psychosis. Additionally, it has been suggested that it is not paternal age per se, but rather delayed fatherhood, as a marker of a genetic liability of psychosis, that is the cause of the association. The aim of the current study was to examine whether paternal age and/or delayed fatherhood (paternity age) predict self-reported positive, negative, and/or depressive dimensions of psychosis in a large sample from the general population. The sample (N = 1465) was composed of control subjects from the 6 countries participating in the European Union Gene-Environment Interaction study. The CAPE, a self-report questionnaire, was used to measure dimensions of subclinical psychosis. Paternal age at the time of respondents’ birth and age of paternity were assessed by self-report. We assessed the influence of the variables of interest (paternal age or paternity age) on CAPE scores after adjusting for potential confounders (age, gender, and ethnicity). Paternal age was positively associated with the positive dimension of the CAPE. By contrast, paternity age was not associated with any of the psychosis dimensions assessed by the CAPE. Thus, our results do not support the idea that delayed fatherhood explains the association between age of paternity and psychosis risk. Furthermore, our results provide arguments for the hypothesis of an etiologic continuum of psychosis.
Navigating the Religious Gender Binary
Authors: Darwin Helana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study illustrates the regulatory impact of binary gender ideology upon religious practitioners through interview data from 44 religious and formerly religious nonbinary people (who do not identify as simply men or women). Results indicate that nonbinary people who wish to maintain religious ties must either adjust religion to accommodate their nonbinary gender or accept misgendering to accommodate their religious tradition, with very few alternative options. They must overcome ideological, liturgical, and ritual obstacles while navigating the regulatory barrier that this article calls “the religious gender binary.” Challenges intensify for religious minorities in practice-based traditions due to structural constraints. These findings contribute toward the sociology of religion by (1) demonstrating how nonbinary people experience the binary (cis)gendering of reality across religious traditions and (2) illuminating the need for more research that centers gender minorities and religious minorities, as the sociology of gender and religion expands beyond cisnormative and Christonormative frameworks.
Progress of cGVHD pathogenesis from the perspective of B cells
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Zhang Xi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of physicians realize that chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is not just dominated by T cells and that B cells also play a vital role in cGVHD development. It has been reported that altered B cell subsets, aberrant B cell signaling pathways, antibody deposition, and abnormal T-B interactions can be observed in many cGVHD patients. Studies of B cells in cGVHD development are now mainly focused on B cell subsets and GC destruction. These two aspects describe the process of B cell evolution in cGVHD patients and are associated with some original treatments. In this review, we summarize recent literature and discuss mechanisms and novel ideas of therapeutic strategies regarding the two aspects mentioned above.
Improving Long-Term Care Residents’ Outcomes by Educating Nursing Staff on End-of-Life Communication
Authors: Kunte Vera , Johansen Mary L. , Isenberg-Cohen Shari 
Published: January 2020

This project aimed to examine whether improvement in end-of-life knowledge of long-term care nursing staff, especially nursing assistants, increases the rate of long-term care residents with advance directives and decreases the rate of their hospital transfers.
Nurses and nursing assistants in long-term care facilities are inadequately prepared to provide quality end-of-life (EOL) care. Few studies focus on improving EOL education of nursing assistants who are closest to the residents, providing most of their care. Eleven nurses and 18 nursing assistants from 1 urban and 1 suburban long-term care facilities received education based on the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Geriatric curriculum separately and together. Pre-education and posteducation, knowledge of nursing staff was assessed and records of 139 residents were examined for advance directives and hospital transfers.
Posteducation, EOL knowledge of nursing assistants showed greater improvement than that of nurses; all nursing staff rated their knowledge higher. Documentation of resident EOL preferences improved minimally, but the rate of transfers to the hospitals was dramatically reduced.
Nursing staff education on EOL care reduces the number of long-term care residents’ hospital transfers leading to improved quality of EOL care. Nursing assistants benefit from combined education sessions with the nurses.
Rationale for Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Processing Therapy for Moral Injury in Active Duty Military and Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Boucher Nathan A. , Oliver Rev. John P. , Youssef Nagy , Mooney Scott R. , Currier Joseph M. , Pearce Michelle 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Wartime experiences have long been known to cause ethical conflict, guilt, self-condemnation, difficulty forgiving, loss of trust, lack of meaning and purpose, and spiritual struggles. “Moral injury” (MI) (also sometimes called “inner conflict”) is the term used to capture this emotional, cognitive, and behavioral state. In this article, we provide rationale for developing and testing Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Processing Therapy, a version of standard cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of MI in active duty and veteran service members (SMs) with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms who are spiritual or religious (S/R). Many SMs have S/R beliefs that could increase vulnerability to MI. Because the injury is to deeply held moral standards and ethical values and often adversely affects spiritual beliefs and worldview, we believe that those who are S/R will respond more favorably to a therapy that directly targets this injury from a spiritually oriented perspective. An evidence-based treatment for MI in posttraumatic stress disorder that not only respects but also utilizes SMs’ spiritual beliefs/behaviors may open the door to treatment for many S/R military personnel.
Longitudinal characterization of Plasmodium inter-species interactions during a period of increasing prevalence of Plasmodium ovale
Authors: Akala Hoseah M. , Watson Oliver , Mitei Kenneth K. , Juma Dennis W. , Verity Robert , Ingasia Luiser A. , Opot Benjamin H. , Okoth Raphael O. , Chemwor Gladys C. , Juma Jackline A. , Mwakio Edwin W. , Brazeau Nicholas , Cheruiyot Agnes C. , Yeda Redemptah A. , Maraka Maureen N. , Okello Charles O. , Kateete David P. , Managbanag Jim Ray , Andagalu Ben , Ogutu Bernhards R. , Kamau Edwin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology and severity of non-falciparum malaria in endemic settings has garnered limited attention. We aimed to characterize the prevalence, interaction, clinical risk factors and temporal trends of non-falciparum malaria in endemic settings of Kenya.MethodsWe diagnosed and analyzed infecting malaria species via PCR in 2027 clinical samples collected between 2008 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium species. A statistical model was designed and used for estimating the frequency of Plasmodium species and assessing inter-species interactions. Mixed effect linear regression models with random intercepts for each location was used to test for change in prevalence over time.Findings72•5% of the samples were P. falciparum single species infections, 25·8% were mixed infections and only 1•7% occurred as single non-falciparum species infections. 23•1% were mixed infections containing P. ovale. A likelihood-based model calculation of the population frequency of each species estimated a significant within-host interference between P. falciparum and P. ovale curtisi. Mixed-effect logistic regression models identified a significant increase of P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi species over time with reciprocal decrease in P. falciparum single species and P. malariae. The risk of P. falciparum infections presenting with fever was 0•43 times less likely if co-infected with P. malariae.InterpretationFindings show higher prevalence of non-falciparum malaria than expected. The proportion of infections that were positive for infection by P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi was observed to significantly increase over the period of study which could be due to attenuated responsiveness to malaria drug treatment on these species. The increase in frequency of P. ovale spp in Kenya could threaten malaria control effort in Kenya and pose increased risk of malaria to travelers.FundingAFHSB and its GEIS Section
A Preoperative Estimate of Central Venous Pressure Is Associated with Early Fontan Failure
Authors: Quail Michael A. , Chan Ignatius , Sarna Shiv , Hughes Marina , Muthurangu Vivek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveEarly Fontan Failure (EFF) is a serious complication following total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), characterised by high central venous pressure (CVP), low cardiac output and resistance to medical therapy. This study aimed to estimate post-operative CVP in TCPC patients (CVPTCPC) using data routinely collected during pre-operative assessment. We sought to determine if this metric correlated with measured post-operative CVP and if it was associated with EFF.MethodsIn this retrospective study, CVPTCPC was estimated in 131 patients undergoing pre-TCPC assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and CVP measurement under general anaesthesia. Post-operative CVP during the first 24hours in ICU was collected from electronic patient records in a subset of patients. EFF was defined as death, transplantation, TCPC takedown or emergency fenestration within the first 30days.ResultsEstimated CVPTCPC correlated significantly with CVPICU (r=0.26, p=0.03), particularly in patients without a fenestration (r=0.45, p=0.01). CVPTCPC was significantly associated with EFF (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.12 (1.02-1.24), p=0.02). A threshold of CVPTCPC ≥33mmHg was found to have the highest specificity (90%) and sensitivity (67%) for identifying EFF (area under receiver operating curve, AUC = 0.79), OR 18.8 (3.1-114), p=0.001. This association was stronger in patients with single SVCs.ConclusionsEstimated CVPTCPC is an easily calculated metric combining pre-operative pressure and flow data. Higher CVPTCPC is associated with an increased risk of EFF and is correlated with directly measured post-TCPC pressure. Identification of patients at risk of EFF has the potential to guide risk mitigation strategies.
Brucellasuppress innate immunity by down-regulating STING expression in macrophages
Authors: Khan Mike , Harms Jerome S. , Liu Yiping , Eickhoff Jens , Tan Jin Wen , Hu Tony , Cai Fengwei , Guimaraes Erika , Oliveira Sergio C. , Dahl Richard , Gutman Delia , Barber Glen , Splitter Gary A. , Smith Judith A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrucellosis, caused byBrucellabacteria species, remains the most prevalent zoonotic disease worldwide.Brucellaestablish chronic infections within host macrophages despite triggering cytosolic innate immune sensors, including Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), which potentially limit infection. In this study, STING was required for control of chronicBrucellainfectionin vivo. However, early during infection,Brucelladown-regulated STING mRNA and protein. Down-regulation occurred post-transcriptionally, required live bacteria, theBrucellatype IV secretion system, and was independent of host IRE1-RNase activity. Rather,Brucellainduced a STING-targeting microRNA, miR-24-2. Furthermore, STING downregulation was inhibited by miR-24 anti-miRs and inmirn23alocus-deficient macrophages. Failure to suppress STING expression inmirn23a−/−macrophages correlated with diminishedBrucellareplication, and was rescued by exogenous miR-24. Anti-miR-24 potently suppressed replication in wild type, but much less in STING−/−macrophages, suggesting most of the impact of miR-24 induction on replication occurred via STING suppression. In summary,Brucellasabotages innate immunity by miR-24-dependent suppression of STING expression; post-STING activation “damage control” via targeted STING destruction may enable establishment of chronic infection.Author summaryCytosolic pattern recognition receptors, such as the nucleotide-activated STING molecule, play a critical role in the innate immune system by detecting the presence of intracellular invaders.Brucellabacterial species establish chronic infections in macrophages despite initially activating STING. STING does participate in the control ofBrucellainfection, as mice or cells lacking STING show a higher burden ofBrucellainfection. However, we have found that early following infection,Brucellaupregulates a microRNA, miR-24, that targets the STING messenger RNA, resulting in lower STING levels. Dead bacteria or bacteria lacking a functional type IV secretion system were defective at upregulating miR-24 and STING suppression, suggesting an active bacteria-driven process. Failure to upregulate miR-24 and suppress STING greatly compromised the capacity forBrucellato replicate inside macrophages. Thus, althoughBrucellainitially activate STING during infection, the ensuing STING downregulation serves as a “damage control” mechanism, enabling intracellular infection. Viruses have long been known to target immune sensors such as STING. Our results indicate that intracellular bacterial pathogens also directly target innate immune receptors to enhance their infectious success.
Identification of human CD4+T cell populations with distinct antitumor activity
Authors: Nelson Michelle H. , Knochelmann Hannah M. , Bailey Stefanie R. , Huff Logan W. , Bowers Jacob S. , Majchrzak Kinga , Wyatt Megan M. , Rubinstein Mark P. , Mehrotra Shikhar , Nishimura Michael I. , Armeson Kent E. , Giresi Paul G. , Zilliox Michael J. , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Paulos Chrystal M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHow naturally arising human CD4+T helper subsets impact tumor immunity is unknown. We reported that human CD4+CD26highT cells elicit potent immunity against solid tumor malignancies. As CD26highT cells secrete type-17 cytokines and have been categorized as Th17 cells, we posited these helper populations would possess similar molecular properties. Herein, we reveal that CD26highT cells are epigenetically and transcriptionally distinct from Th17 cells. Of clinical significance, CD26highT cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) ablated large human tumors to a greater extent than enriched Th17, Th1, or Th2 cells. Moreover, CD26highT cells mediated curative responses in mice, even when redirected with a suboptimal CAR and without the aid of CD8+CAR T cells. CD26highT cells co-secreted effector cytokines at heightened levels and robustly persisted. Collectively, our work reveals the potential of human CD4+T cell populations to improve durability of solid tumor therapies.
Acute Stress Desensitizes Hypothalamic CRH Neurons to Norepinephrine and Physiological Stress
Authors: Jiang Zhiying , Chen Chun , Weiss Grant L. , Fu Xin , Fisher Marc O. , Begley John C. , Stevens Carly R. , Harrison Laura M. , Tasker Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTNoradrenergic afferents to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) provide a major excitatory drive to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via α1 adrenoreceptor activation. The ascending noradrenergic afferents are recruited preferentially by physiological, rather than psychological, stress modalities.Glucocorticoids secreted in response to HPA activation feed back onto the hypothalamus to negatively regulate the HPA axis, providing a critical autoregulatory constraint that prevents glucocorticoid overexposure. Whether differential negative feedback mechanisms target stress modality-specific HPA activation is not known. Here, we reveal a desensitization of the α1 adrenoreceptor activation of the HPA axis following acute stress that is mediated by rapid glucocorticoid regulation of adrenoreceptor trafficking. Prior stress desensitized the HPA axis to subsequent physiological, but not psychological, stress. Our findings demonstrate rapid glucocorticoid suppression of adrenoreceptor signaling in CRH neurons that is specific to physiological stress activation, and reveal, therefore, a rapid, modality-selective glucocorticoid feedback mechanism.
The rebound response plays a role in the motion mechanisms and perception
Authors: Cohen-Duwek Hadar , Spitzer Hedva 
Published: January 2020

abstractMotion estimation is an essential ability for sighted animals to survive in their natural environment. Many anatomical and electrophysiological studies on low visual levels have been based on the classic pioneering HRC (Hassenstein & Reichaedt Correlator) computational model. The accumulated experimental findings, which have given rise to a debate in the current computational models regarding the interaction between the On and Off pathways. The previous algorithms were challenged to correctly predict physiological experiment results and the two types of motion: a) Phi motion, also termed apparent motion. b) Reverse-phi motion that is perceived when the image contrast flips during the rapid succession. We have developed a computational model supported by simulations, which for the first time leads to correct predictions of the behavioral motions (phi and reverse-phi), while considering separated On and Off pathways and is also in agreement with the relevant electrophysiological findings. This has been achieved through the well-known neuronal response: the rebound response or “Off response”. We suggest that the rebound response, which has not been taken into account in the previous models, is a key player in the motion mechanism, and its existence requires separation between the On and the Off pathways for correct motion interpretation. We furthermore suggest that the criterial reverse-phi effect is only an epiphenomenon of the rebound response for the visual system. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by a psychophysical experiment on human subjects. Our findings shed new light on the comprehensive role of the rebound response as a parsimonious spatiotemporal detector for motion and additional memory tasks, such as for stabilization and navigation.
Heritability in friendship networks
Authors: Neugart Michael , Yildirim Selen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFriendship networks account for a large part of an individual’s economic success or failure in life. Using data from the German TwinLife study, we explore, within a classical twin design, to which extent friendship networks are related to genes. We find a substantial heritability component in twins’ network sizes and network homophily, but not in twins’ network closeness. Addressing indirect ways in which genes could influence network characteristics, we do not find evidence that shared hobbies affects networks.
Frequency switching between oscillatory homeostats and the regulation of p53
Authors: Ruoff Peter , Nishiyama Nobuaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHomeostasis is an essential concept to understand the stability of organisms and their adaptive behaviors when coping with external and internal assaults. Many hormones that take part in homeostatic control come in antagonistic pairs, such as glucagon and insulin reflecting the inflow and outflow compensatory mechanisms to control a certain internal variable, such as blood sugar levels. By including negative feedback loops homeostatic controllers can exhibit oscillations with characteristic frequencies. In this paper we demonstrate the associated frequency changes in homeostatic systems when individual controllers in a set of interlocked feedback loops gain control in response to environmental changes. Taking p53 as an example, we show how the Per2, ATM and Mdm2 feedback loops -interlocked with p53-gain individual control in dependence to DNA damage and how each of these controllers provide certain functionalities in their regulation of p53. In unstressed cells, the circadian regulator Per2 ensures a basic p53 level to allow its rapid up-regulation in case of DNA damage. When DNA damage occurs the ATM controller increases the level of p53 and defends it towards uncontrolled degradation, which despite DNA damage, would drive p53 to lower values and p53 dysfunction. Mdm2 on its side keeps p53 at a maximum level to avoid premature apoptosis. However, with on-going DNA damage the Mdm2 set-point is increased by HSP90 and other p53 stabilizers leading finally to apoptosis. An essential aspect in p53 regulation at occurring cell stress is the coordinated inhibition of ubiquitin-independent and ubiquitin-dependent degradation reactions and the increasing stabilizing mechanisms of p53. Whether oscillations serve a function or are merely a by-product of the controllers are discussed in view of the finding that homeostatic control of p53, as indicated above, does in principle not require oscillatory homeostats.
Chaperonin Abundance Boosts Bacterial Fitness
Authors: Kumar C. M. Santosh , Chugh Kritika , Dutta Anirban , Mahamkali Vishnuvardhan , Bose Tungadri , Mande Sharmila S. , Mande Shekhar C. , Lund Peter A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability of chaperonins to buffer mutations that affect protein folding pathways suggests that their abundance should be evolutionarily advantageous. Here, we investigate the effect of chaperonin overproduction on cellular fitness inEscherichia coli. We demonstrate that chaperonin abundance confers (a) an ability to tolerate higher temperatures, (b) improved cellular fitness and (c) enhanced folding of metabolic enzymes, which is expected to lead to enhanced energy harvesting potential.