bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat loss in the restricted range of the endemic Ghanaian cichlidLimbochromis robertsi
Authors: Lamboj Anton , Lucanus Oliver , Osei Darko Patrick , Arroyo‐Mora J. Pablo , Kalacska Margaret 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRemote sensing has become an integral and invaluable tool to inform biodiversity conservation and monitoring of habitat degradation and restoration over time. Despite the disproportionately high levels of biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, ichthyofauna are commonly overlooked in favor of other keystone species. Freshwater fish, as indicators of overall aquatic ecosystem health, can also be indicators of larger scale problems within an ecosystem. As a case study with multi‐temporal, multi‐resolution satellite imagery, we examined deforestation and forest fragmentation around the Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana. Within small creeks,Limbochromis robertsi, a unique freshwater cichlid with an extremely limited distribution range, can be found. Historically, the land cover in the area has undergone substantial deforestation for agriculture and artisanal small‐scale mining. In the 1389‐km2study area, we found deforestation accelerated along with increased forest fragmentation in the 2014–2017 period (167.4 km2of deforestation) with the majority of the forest loss along the river and creek banks due to small‐scale mining operations and increased agriculture. Field visits indicated a decrease in the totalL. robertsipopulation by approximately 90% from the early 1990s to 2018. Its distribution has been reduced to higher elevations by anthropogenic habitat barriers at low elevations and the presence of predatory species. Loss of riparian forest through land use and cover change to mining and agriculture contributes to the habitat degradation for this endemic species. Fine spatial‐ and temporal‐scale studies are required to assess habitat characteristics are not captured by global‐ or continental‐scale datasets.
Death‐associated protein kinase 1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion by upregulation of DEAD‐box helicase 20
Authors: Huang Yide , Wang Chenyi , Li Ke , Ye Yan , Shen Aling , Guo Libin , Chen Pengchen , Meng Chen , Wang Qingshui , Yang Xinliu , Huang Zhen , Xing Xiaohua , Lin Youyu , Liu Xiaolong , Peng Jun , Lin Yao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeath‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK) is a calcium/calmodulin kinase that plays a vital role as a suppressor gene in various cancers. Yet its role and target gene independent of p53 is still unknown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we discovered that DAPK suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion instead of proliferation or colony formation. Using a proteomics approach, we identified DEAD‐box helicase 20 (DDX20) as an important downstream target of DAPK in HCC cells and critical for DAPK‐mediated inhibition of HCC cell migration and invasion. Using integrin inhibitor RGD and GTPase activity assays, we discovered that DDX20 suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion through the CDC42‐integrin pathway, which was previously reported as an important downstream pathway of DAPK in cancer. Further research using cycloheximide found that DAPK attenuates the proteasomal degradation of DDX20 protein, which is dependent on the kinase activity of DAPK. Our results shed light on new functions and regulation for both DAPK and DDX20 in carcinogenesis and identifies new potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair protein expressions in lymphocyte‐predominant breast cancer
Authors: Horimoto Yoshiya , Thinzar Hlaing May , Saeki Harumi , Kitano Shigehisa , Nakai Katsuya , Sasaki Ritsuko , Kurisaki‐Arakawa Aiko , Arakawa Atsushi , Otsuji Naomi , Matsuoka Shuji , Tokuda Emi , Arai Masami , Saito Mitsue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) is reportedly extremely low in breast cancer, despite widespread clinical expectations that many patients would be responsive to immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Considering that some triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC) responded well to ICI in a clinical trial and that a high density of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is frequently observed in other cancers with high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI‐H), we hypothesized that some TNBC with a high density of TILs would be MSI‐H. Medullary carcinoma (MedCa) of the breast, a rare histological type, is characterized by a high density of TILs. Considering that MedCa of the colon is often MSI‐H, we suspected that MedCa in breast cancer might also include MSI‐H tumors. Therefore, we conducted MSI tests on such breast cancers with a high density of TILs. The MSI status of 63 TIL‐high TNBC and 38 MedCa tumors, all from Asian women who had undergone curative surgery, were determined retrospectively. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and PD‐L1 expression were also investigated immunohistochemically. All samples were microsatellite stable, being negative for all microsatellite markers. TIL‐high TNBC with low MLH1 protein had higher levels of PD‐L1 in stromal immune cells (P = .041). MedCa tumors showed significantly higher PD‐L1 expression in immune cells than in TIL‐high TNBC (<.001). We found that MSI‐H tumors were absent in TIL‐high breast cancers. Examination of MMR proteins, not a purpose of Lynch syndrome screening, may merit further studies to yield predictive information for identifying patients who are likely to benefit from ICI.
Functional sparing surgery policy for giant vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Bretonnier Maxime , Bernard Florian , Tinois Julien , Troude Lucas , Cebula Hélène , Godey Benoit , Morandi Xavier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the tumour control and facial nerve outcome according to the therapeutic strategy, that is extent of resection and post‐operative radiotherapy.DesignRetrospective study of patients with a giant vestibular schwannoma surgically treated from 4 academic skull base centres.SettingExtent of resection, neurological complications, facial nerve function, MRI follow‐up and occurrence of complementary treatment were reviewed.ParticipantsSixty patients were included from 2000 to 2018.Main outcome measuresPrimary end points were comparison the tumour control rate and the post‐operative House‐Brackmann grade at last follow‐up according to the extent of tumour removal (ie total or subtotal removal). Secondary end points were assessment risk factors of poor facial nerve function and comparison complication rate according to extent of tumour removal.ResultsSixty patients had initial surgery at diagnosis. A total resection was realised in 21 cases and a subtotal resection in 39 cases. Thirteen patients needed further treatment. One patient had a recurrence and needed a second surgery 108 months after the initial total resection surgery. Twelve patients underwent post‐operative radiotherapy, for an evolutive residual tumour. Tumour control was more successful in the total resection group (log‐rank test, P = .015). There was no tumour recurrence after post‐operative radiotherapy. The facial nerve outcome was significantly better in the subtotal resection group (Mean House‐Brackmann grade at last follow‐up: 2.2 ± 1.9) than in the total resection group (House‐Brackmann grade: 3.5 ± 2.2) (P = .033). Vestibular schwannoma with a cystic component had better facial nerve outcome (P = .0082). Other than facial paralysis, neurological complications were observed in six patients (10% of patients): lower cranial nerves dysfunction in five cases and hemiparesis in one case.ConclusionsSubtotal resection of giant vestibular schwannomas leads to favourable tumour control and facial nerve function and therefore seems to be a valuable strategy.
Characterising the potential for recall bias in anchor‐based MCID calculation of patient‐reported outcome measures for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: McCann Adam C. , Phillips Katie M. , Trope Michal , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAnchor‐based methods to calculate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) may suffer from recall bias. This has never been investigated for otolaryngic PROMs. We sought to identify evidence of recall bias in calculation of MCIDs of PROMs for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).DesignRetrospective analysis of data from two previous studies calculating the MCID of the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and 5‐dimensonal EuroQol questionnaire (EQ‐5D) in CRS patients.SettingTertiary rhinology clinic.ParticipantsAdults with CRS.Main outcome measuresSNOT‐22 score, and EQ‐5D visual analog scale scores (EQ‐5D VAS) and health utility values (EQ‐5D HUV) before and after medical treatment for CRS. After treatment, participants were asked to rate the change in sinonasal symptoms and general health (the anchor question) as “Much worse,” “A little worse,” “About the same,” “A little better” or “Much better.” Participants’ responses to the anchor question were checked for association with post‐treatment and pre‐treatment scores using ordinal regression.ResultsOn univariate association, post‐treatment SNOT‐22 and EQ‐5D scores were associated with respective participants’ anchor question responses (P < .001 in all cases). Only pre‐treatment SNOT‐22 score was associated with anchor question responses (P = .017) on univariate association, in contrast to pre‐treatment EQ‐5D scores. Pre‐treatment EQ‐5D scores only associated with anchor question responses when controlling for post‐treatment scores.ConclusionThe anchor‐based MCIDs of the SNOT‐22, which reflects disease‐specific QOL, and the EQ‐5D, which reflects general health‐related QOL, appear to be largely free of recall bias.
Breadth versus depth: Cumulative risk model and continuous measure prediction of poor language and reading outcomes at 12
Authors: Hayiou‐Thomas Marianna E. , Smith‐Woolley Emily , Dale Philip S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether, and how, multiple risks in early childhood are associated with an increased likelihood of a poor language or literacy outcome in early adolescence. Using data from 210 participants in the longitudinal Twins Early Developmental Study, we focus on the following risk factors at age 4: family risk, and poor language, speech, emergent literacy and nonverbal skills. The outcomes of interest at age 12 are language, reading fluency and reading comprehension. We contrast a ‘cumulative risk’ model, counting the presence or absence of each risk factor (breadth), with a model that also considers the severity of the early deficits (depth). A ‘cumulative risk index’ correlated modestly but significantly with outcome (r = 0.32–0.40). Odds ratios confirmed that having many risk factors (3–6) confers a higher probability of a poor outcome (OR 7.86–17.71) than having one or two (OR 3.65–7.28). Logistic regression models showed that predictive validity is not improved by including information about the severity of each deficit. Even with rich information on children's risk status at age 4, we can make only a moderately accurate prediction of the likelihood of a language or literacy disorder 8 years later (Area Under the Curve = 0.74–0.84; Positive Predictive Value = 0.33–0.55, Negative Predictive Value = 0.86–0.91). Taken together, and consistent with the idea of ‘cumulative risk’, these results suggest that the breadth of risk is a core predictor of outcome, and furthermore, that the severity of early deficits does not add significantly to this prediction.
Added value of three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in management of mitral paravalvular leaks
Authors: Mahmoud‐Elsayed Hani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProsthetic paravalvular leak (PVL) is a well‐known serious complication following surgically as well as percutaneously implanted prosthetic valves. It usually happens due to incomplete sealing of the prosthetic ring to the native cardiac tissue whether immediately postoperative or considerably later as a complication of infective endocarditis, etc Surgery has been always the treatment of choice for clinically significant PVLs. However, percutaneous transcatheter closure therapy has become a successful alternative in carefully selected group of patients. Echocardiography is a cornerstone in the initial diagnosis, assessment of the severity and location of the PVL. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in the assessment of the feasibility for percutaneous closure and during intra‐procedural guidance. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has the advantage over transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) of not being affected by the acoustic shadow of the mitral prosthesis that usually hides the regurgitation jets and makes TTE evaluation difficult. Three‐dimensional (3D) TEE has been shown to provide better diagnostic accuracy compared to two‐dimensional (2D) TEE as regard to evaluation of PVLs especially in patients with more than one PVL. This is due to better delineation of the location, shape, and size of the PVL and equally important during guiding the transcatheter percutaneous closure.
Labour market discrimination and the macroeconomy
Authors: Asali Muhammad , Gurashvili Rusudan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe measure the discriminatory ethnic and gender wage gaps in Georgia. Gender wage discrimination is larger than the ethnic wage discrimination. We use the estimated gaps in a general‐to‐specific vector autoregression framework to test for Granger causality between discrimination and growth, and estimate the long‐run effects of each variable on the other. Granger causality is found to be bidirectional, but it is only the net long‐run effect of discrimination on growth that is a large and highly significant negative effect. In the long‐run, a 10% increase in ethnic (gender) discrimination reduces economic growth by 3%–4% (8%–10%). Additionally, ethnic and gender wage differentials are found to be counter‐cyclical.
The impact of fruit fly gut bacteria on the rearing of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Authors: Koskinioti Panagiota , Ras Erica , Augustinos Antonios A. , Beukeboom Leo W. , Mathiopoulos Kostas D. , Caceres Carlos , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArea‐wide integrated pest management strategies against tephritid fruit flies include the release of fruit fly parasitic wasps in the target area. Mass rearing of parasitic wasps is essential for the efficient application of biological control strategies. Enhancement of fruit fly host fitness through manipulation of their gut‐associated symbionts might also enhance the fitness of the produced parasitic wasps and improve the parasitoid rearing system. In the current study, we added three gut bacterial isolates originating from Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and four originating from Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (both Diptera: Tephritidae) to the larval diet of C. capitata and used the bacteria‐fed larvae as hosts for the development of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We evaluated the effect of the bacteria on wasp life‐history traits and assessed their potential use for the improvement of D. longicaudata rearing. Enterobacter sp. AA26 increased fecundity and parasitism rate and accelerated parasitoid emergence. Providencia sp. AA31 led to faster emergence of both male and female parasitoids, whereas Providencia sp. 22 increased the production of female progeny. Bacillus sp. 139 increased parasitoid fecundity, parasitism rate, and production of female progeny. Serratia sp. 49 accelerated parasitoid emergence for both males and females and increased production of female progeny. Klebsiella oxytoca delayed parasitoid emergence and Enterobacter sp. 23 decreased parasitoid fecundity and parasitism rate. Our findings demonstrate a wide range of effects of fruit fly gut symbionts on parasitoid production and reveal a great potential of bacteria use towards enhancement of parasitic wasp rearing.
Sexual Dimorphism in Stress‐induced Hyperthermia in SNAP25Δ3 mice, a mouse model with disabled Gβγ regulation of the exocytotic fusion apparatus
Authors: Thompson Gray Analisa D. , Simonetti Justice , Adegboye Feyisayo , Jones Carrie K. , Zurawski Zack , Hamm Heidi E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBehavioral assays in the mouse can show marked differences between male and female animals of a given genotype. These differences identified in such preclinical studies may have important clinical implications. We recently made a mouse model with impaired presynaptic inhibition through Gβγ‐SNARE signaling. Here, we examine the role of sexual dimorphism in the severity of the phenotypes of this model, the SNAP25Δ3 mouse. In males, we already reported that SNAP25Δ3 homozygotes demonstrated phenotypes in motor coordination, nociception, spatial memory and stress processing. We now report that while minimal sexually dimorphic effects were observed for the nociceptive, motor or memory phenotypes, large differences were observed in the stress‐induced hyperthermia paradigm, with male SNAP25Δ3 homozygotes exhibiting an increase in body temperature subsequent to handling relative to wild‐type littermates, while no such genotype‐dependent effect was observed in females. This suggests sexually dimorphic mechanisms of Gβγ‐SNARE signaling for stress processing or thermoregulation within the mouse. Second, we examined the effects of heterozygosity with respect to the SNAP25Δ3 mutation. Heterozygote SNAP25Δ3 animals were tested alongside homozygote and wild‐type littermates in all of the aforementioned paradigms and displayed phenotypes similar to wild‐type animals or an intermediate state. From this, we conclude that the SNAP25Δ3 mutation does not behave in an autosomal dominant manner, but rather displays incomplete dominance for many phenotypes.
Soil amendment with sewage sludge‐derived chars increases C‐sequestration potential and provides N and P for plant growth during a second cropping period with Lolium perenne
Authors: Leiva‐Suárez Blanca , Paneque Marina , De la Rosa José María , González‐Pérez José Antonío , Leiva María José , Knicker Heike 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization and dry pyrolysis transform sewage sludge (SS) into nitrogen‐ (N) and phosphorus‐ (P) rich hydrochars (Hyd) and pyrochars (Py), respectively, which may act as slow‐release fertilizers with carbon (C) sequestration potential. Whereas this has been mostly studied with short‐term experiments, this study focused on the cycling of char‐derived N, P and C after ageing during a second grass cropping cycle. Lolium perenne was grown for 3 months in pots on soil mixed with 13C and 15N‐enriched SS, Hyd or Py and allowed to age during a first cropping period of 10‐month incubation. The δ15N of the plants confirmed that even during the second cropping, N derived from the amendments was plant accessible. Higher uptake of N from Hyd than from Py is explained by the lower biodegradability of the latter. Plant growth during the second cropping period was associated with a decrease of total P in all treatments, but only the soils with Hyd and Py evidenced an increase of Olsen P. Thus, during the second cropping, more insoluble P was mobilized from the carbonized residues than P needed for plant growth. Compared to control soils prepared with and without KNO3, higher biomass production was yielded with the amended soils. Hyd proved to have the highest longer‐term N mobilization potential. Following the change in δ13C of the soil, we observed that during the second incubation, independently of their aromaticity, all amendments and the native soil organic matter had comparable turnover rates, although the amount of organic matter with slower turnover added with the amendment increased with aromaticity. A rough estimation of the impact of thermal treatment of SS on its C‐sequestration potential revealed no major differences between char types. The higher fertilization capacity of Hyd, however, indicates that it is a good candidate for soil amendment as long‐term fertilization is combined with a long‐term increase of the SOC pool.Highlights
Medium‐term fertilization and C‐sequestration potential of chars from sewage sludge were tested.
Hydrochar (Hyd) and pyrochar (Py) provide N and P for plant growth during a second cropping period.
Compared to soils with and without KNO3, Hyd and Py increase plant productivity of the second crop.
On a long‐term scale, native SOM, amended SS, its aged Hyd and Py show comparable turnover rates.
Incomplete or failed thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score 0–5 – how harmful is trying?
Authors: Broocks G. , Flottmann F. , Schönfeld M. , Bechstein M. , Aye P. , Kniep H. , Faizy T. D. , McDonough R. , Schön G. , Deb‐Chatterji M. , Thomalla G. , Sporns P. , Fiehler J. , Hanning U. , Kemmling A. , Meyer L. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeIt is currently unknown whether mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for ischaemic stroke patients with low initial Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is clinically beneficial or even harmful. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether failed or incomplete MT in acute large vessel occlusion stroke with an initial ASPECTS ≤ 5 is associated with worse clinical outcome compared to patients not undergoing MT.MethodsThis observational cohort study included a consecutive sample of patients with anterior circulation stroke and initial ASPECTS ≤ 5 admitted between March 2015 and August 2019. Failed recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score 0–2a, and incomplete recanalization as TICI 2b. Clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days defining very poor clinical outcome as mRS > 4.ResultsOne hundred and seventy patients were included. Ninety‐nine patients underwent MT and 71 patients received best medical treatment only. Clinical outcome after failed or incomplete MT (TICI 0–2b) was significantly better compared to patients with medical treatment only (median mRS 5, interquartile range 4–6 vs 5–6, P = 0.03). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, failed or incomplete MT (TICI 0–2b) showed a significantly reduced likelihood for very poor outcome (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.83, P = 0.01). Failed MT (TICI 0–2a) was not associated with a worse outcome compared to best medical treatment.ConclusionsPatients with failed or incomplete recanalization results (TICI 0–2b) showed a reduced likelihood for very poor outcome compared with those who did not receive MT. Evidence from randomized trials is needed to confirm that even failed or incomplete MT is not harmful in these patients.