bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructed spatial resolution and contrast recovery with Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction (Q.Clear) for FDG-PET compared to time-of-flight (TOF) with point spread function (PSF)
Authors: Rogasch Julian M. , Suleiman Said , Hofheinz Frank , Bluemel Stephanie , Lukas Mathias , Amthauer Holger , Furth Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction for PET (e.g., GE Q.Clear) aims at improving convergence of lesion activity while ensuring sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This study evaluated reconstructed spatial resolution, maximum/peak contrast recovery (CRmax/CRpeak) and SNR of Q.Clear compared to time-of-flight (TOF) OSEM with and without point spread function (PSF) modeling.

Methods
The NEMA IEC Body phantom was scanned five times (3 min scan duration, 30 min between scans, background, 1.5–3.9 kBq/ml F18) with a GE Discovery MI PET/CT (3-ring detector) with spheres filled with 8-, 4-, or 2-fold the background activity concentration (SBR 8:1, 4:1, 2:1). Reconstruction included Q.Clear (beta, 150/300/450), “PSF+TOF4/16” (iterations, 4; subsets, 16; in-plane filter, 2.0 mm), “OSEM+TOF4/16” (identical parameters), “PSF+TOF2/17” (2 it, 17 ss, 2.0 mm filter), “OSEM+TOF2/17” (identical), “PSF+TOF4/8” (4 it, 8 ss, 6.4 mm), and “OSEM+TOF2/8” (2 it, 8 ss, 6.4 mm). Spatial resolution was derived from 3D sphere activity profiles. RC as (sphere activity concentration [AC]/true AC). SNR as (background mean AC/background AC standard deviation).

Results
Spatial resolution of Q.Clear150 was significantly better than all conventional algorithms at SBR 8:1 and 4:1 (Wilcoxon, each p < 0.05). At SBR 4:1 and 2:1, the spatial resolution of Q.Clear300/450 was similar or inferior to PSF+TOF4/16 and OSEM+TOF4/16. Small sphere CRpeak generally underestimated true AC, and it was similar for Q.Clear150/300/450 as with PSF+TOF4/16 or PSF+TOF2/17 (i.e., relative differences < 10%). Q.Clear provided similar or higher CRpeak as OSEM+TOF4/16 and OSEM+TOF2/17 resulting in a consistently better tradeoff between CRpeak and SNR with Q.Clear. Compared to PSF+TOF4/8/OSEM+TOF2/8, Q.Clear150/300/450 showed lower SNR but higher CRpeak.

Conclusions
Q.Clear consistently improved reconstructed spatial resolution at high and medium SBR compared to PSF+TOF and OSEM+TOF, but only with beta = 150. However, this is at the cost of inferior SNR with Q.Clear150 compared to Q.Clear300/450 and PSF+TOF4/16/PSF+TOF2/17 while CRpeak for the small spheres did not improve considerably. This suggests that Q.Clear300/450 may be advantageous for the 3-ring detector configuration because the tradeoff between CR and SNR with Q.Clear300/450 was superior to PSF+TOF4/16, OSEM+TOF4/16, and OSEM+TOF2/17. However, it requires validation by systematic evaluation in patients at different activity and acquisition protocols.
Socioeconomic development and life expectancy relationship: evidence from the EU accession candidate countries
Authors: Miladinov Goran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the socioeconomic development on life expectancy at birth as an indicator of mortality or longevity in five EU accession candidate countries (Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania). Using aggregate time series pool data on an annual level from UN and World Bank databases for the period 1990–2017 and Full Information Maximum Likelihood model, it was found that this connection between the socioeconomic conditions and life expectancy at birth is a prerequisite for longer life in all these five countries. Our dependent variable was the life expectancy at birth, and the background exploratory variables for the socioeconomic development were GDP per capita and infant mortality rate. The main results are that higher values of GDP per capita and lower values of infant mortality levels lead to higher life expectancy at birth suggesting that longevity of people in these five countries is increasing. These results are supported by our theoretical background and research framework hypotheses.
Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT
Authors:   PREDICT Consortium, Kelly Terra R. , Machalaba Catherine , Karesh William B. , Crook Paulina Zielinska , Gilardi Kirsten , Nziza Julius , Uhart Marcela M. , Robles Erika Alandia , Saylors Karen , Joly Damien O. , Monagin Corina , Mangombo Prime Mulembakani , Kingebeni Placide Mbala , Kazwala Rudovick , Wolking David , Smith Woutrina , Mazet Jonna A. K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources.
Primary tracheal synovial sarcoma: a rare clinical entity with diagnostic challenges
Authors: Kumar Navin , Kaushal Seema , Kanaklata Kanaklata , Gowda Manoj , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence of primary tracheal tumors is very low. Tracheal synovial sarcoma (SS) is even an extremely rare entity. Diagnosis of tracheal SS can be achieved with chromosomal translocation studies along with immunohistochemistry. Margin-free resection is the gold standard treatment.

Case presentation
We report a case of tracheal SS, which presented with stridor with a history of chronic cough and was diagnosed with a battery of clinical investigations and managed successfully with tracheal resection surgery. In histology, it may mimic Ewing’s sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, SS stains positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and S100. Chromosomal translocation t(X;18) (p11;q11) is found in almost all SS. This genetic signature is the gold standard diagnostic modality for these tumors.

Conclusion
Diagnosis of tracheal synovial sarcoma is challenging because of the rarity of the disease and common presenting symptoms to other tracheal pathology and is supplemented with chromosomal translocation study along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Tumor coring before definite surgical resection facilitates lung perfusion in obstructive tracheal pathology. A multidisciplinary team approach for diagnosis and management along with long-term follow-up are warranted.
Unenhanced breast MRI: could it replace dynamic breast MRI in detecting and characterizing breast lesions?
Authors: Khalil Reham , Osman Noha Mohamed , Chalabi Nivine , Abdel Ghany Enas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the unenhanced MRI of the breast (UE-MRI) as an effective substitute for dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI (DCE-MRI) in both detecting and characterizing breast lesions. We enrolled in our retrospective study 125 females (232 breasts, as 18 patients had unilateral mastectomy) with breast mass at MRI of variable pathologies. Routine DCE-MRI protocol of the breast was conducted. We compared the conventional unenhanced images including STIR, T2, and DWIs to the DCE-MRI by two blinded radiologists, to detect and characterize breast lesions, and then we compared their results with the final reference diagnoses supplied by the histopathology or serial negative follow-ups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy for UE-MRI and DCE-MRI were calculated. UE-MRI results of each observer were also compared with DCE- MRI.

Results
The calculated UE-MRI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for the first observer were 95%, 80%, 83%, 94%, and 89% respectively, and for the second observer, they were 94%, 79%, 81%, 93%, and 86%. On the other hand, those for the DCE-MRI by the first observer were 98%, 82%, 84%, 98%, and 90% and were 97%, 81%, 84%, 97%, and 89% by the second observer. The intraobserver agreement between the UE-MRI and DCE-MRI results of each observer was 94% and 95%, while the interobserver agreement for each section was 97.4% for UE-MRI and 98.3% for DCE-MRI.

Conclusion
UE-MRI of the breast can be a reliable and effective substitute for breast DCE-MRI. It can be used with comparable accuracy to DCE-MRI whenever contrast administration is not feasible or contraindicated.
Voxel-based morphometry in patients with mood disorder bipolar I mania in comparison to normal controls
Authors: Yousef Hosam Abozaid , ElSerogy Yasser Mohamed Bader-Eldein , Abdelal Sherif Mohamed , Abdel-Rahman Shaza Ragab 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuroimaging is used to study brain structural alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases including bipolar disorder (BD). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) quantifies structural changes detected in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to identify brain structural changes in patients with mood disorder bipolar I mania, compared to healthy controls; and detect any correlations between volumetric findings and different clinical aspects of the disease. VBM was used to identify structural changes in 24 patients with bipolar I mania compared to 16 controls. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was used to evaluate clinical severity of BD. t test was used to compare differences in volumetric data and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to detect potential correlations between volumetric data and clinical parameters of BD.

Results
Compared to controls, BD patients had significantly larger right globus pallidus and right lateral ventricle. There was significant correlation between volumetric data of different brain structures and clinical criteria of BD including age of onset, illness duration, YMRS, number of manic attacks, and duration of the last attack.

Conclusions
VBM could address specific structural findings in bipolar I mania that may contribute to pathophysiology of the disease and show significant correlation with different clinical aspects of the disease.

Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT03181698, registered 11 June 2017.
Cascading After Peridiagnostic Cancer Genetic Testing: An Alternative to Population-Based Screening
Authors: Offit Kenneth , Tkachuk Kaitlyn A. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Walsh Michael F. , Diaz-Zabala Hector , Levin Jeffrey D. , Steinsnyder Zoe , Ravichandran Vignesh , Sharaf Ravi N. , Frey Melissa K. , Lipkin Steven M. , Robson Mark E. , Hamilton Jada G. , Vijai Joseph , Mukherjee Semanti 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSEDespite advances in DNA sequencing technology and expanded medical guidelines, the vast majority of individuals carrying pathogenic variants of common cancer susceptibility genes have yet to be identified. An alternative to population-wide genetic screening of healthy individuals would exploit the trend for genetic testing at the time of cancer diagnosis to guide therapy and prevention, combined with augmented familial diffusion or “cascade” of genomic risk information.METHODSUsing a multiple linear regression model, we derived the time interval to detect an estimated 3.9 million individuals in the United States with a pathogenic variant in 1 of 18 cancer susceptibility genes. We analyzed the impact of the proportion of incident patients sequenced, varying observed frequencies of pathogenic germline variants in patients with cancer, differential rates of diffusion of genetic information in families, and family size.RESULTSThe time to detect inherited cancer predisposing variants in the population is affected by the extent of cascade to first-, second-, and third-degree relatives (FDR, SDR, TDR, respectively), family size, prevalence of mutations in patients with cancer, and the proportion of patients with cancer sequenced. In a representative scenario, assuming a 7% prevalence of pathogenic variants across cancer types, an average family size of 3 per generation, and 15% of incident patients with cancer in the United States undergoing germline testing, the time to detect all 3.9 million individuals with pathogenic variants in 18 cancer susceptibility genes would be 46.2, 22.3, 13.6, and 9.9 years if 10%, 25%, 50%, and 70%, respectively, of all FDR, SDR, and TDR were tested for familial mutations.CONCLUSIONPeridiagnostic and cascade cancer genetic testing offers an alternative strategy to achieve population-wide identification of cancer susceptibility mutations.
Motherhood and Anesthesiology: A Survey of the American Society of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Kraus Molly B. , Dexter Franklin , Patel Perene V. , Dodd Sarah E. , Thomson Holly M. , Girardo Marlene E. , Hertzberg Linda B. , Pearson Amy C. S. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
The proportion of women medical school graduates in the United States has grown substantially; however, representation of women in anesthesiology lags behind. We sought to investigate factors associated with women recommending against a career in anesthesiology due to obstacles related to motherhood.

METHODS:
We surveyed 9525 women anesthesiologist members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) with a web-based survey distributed via e-mail. Associations between whether women would counsel against anesthesiology due to obstacles related to motherhood and 34 related categorical variables were estimated. Fisher exact test was used for categorical binary variables, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for ranked variables.

RESULTS:
The response rate for the primary question was 19.2%. Among the 1827 respondents to the primary question, 11.6% would counsel a female medical student against a career in anesthesiology due to obstacles pertaining to motherhood. Counseling against an anesthesiology career was not associated with ever being pregnant (P = .16), or whether a woman was pregnant during residency or fellowship training (P = .41) or during practice (P = .16). No association was found between counseling against anesthesiology and training factors: total number of weeks of maternity leave (P = .18), the percentage of women faculty (P = .96) or residents (P = .34), or the number of pregnant coresidents (P = .66). Counseling against a career in anesthesiology was significantly associated with whether respondents’ desired age of childbearing/motherhood and desired number of children were adversely affected by work demands (with Bonferroni adjustment for the 34 comparisons, both P < .0001). The risk ratio of respondents whose desired childbearing age and desired number of children were affected by work demands counseling against a career in anesthesiology was 5.1 compared to women whose desired childbearing age and desired number of children were not affected (99% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–7.9; P < .0001; odds ratio, 6.2).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study of 1827 women anesthesiologists, approximately 1 in 10 would counsel a student against a career in anesthesiology due to obstacles pertaining to motherhood, and this was associated with altering one’s timing and number of children due to job demands. Further research is needed to understand how women’s perception of a career in anesthesiology is related to factors influencing personal choices. Understanding women’s perceptions of motherhood in anesthesiology may help leaders support career longevity and personal satisfaction in this growing cohort of anesthesiologists.
Synthesis of Preyssler-Type Phosphotungstate with Sodium Cation in the Central Cavity through Migration of the Ion
Authors: Wihadi Muh Nur Khoiru , Hayashi Akio , Ozeki Tomoji , Ichihashi Katsuya , Ota Hiromi , Fujibayashi Masaru , Nishihara Sadafumi , Inoue Katsuya , Tsunoji Nao , Sano Tsuneji , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thermal migration of sodium cation in the cavity of Preyssler-type phosphotungstate is reported here. Heating of a Preyssler-type compound, [P5W30O110Na(side)(H2O)]14−, in which a sodium cation occupies one of the two side cavities, at 300 °C forms a new compound, [P5W30O110Na(center)]14−, in which the sodium cation is encapsulated in the central cavity. Characterization by single crystal X-ray structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, IR, and ESI-MS confirmed the structure of the compound. The thermal displacement ellipsoid of the central sodium, estimated by the crystallographic study, is elongated along the direction perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the Preyssler molecule. These results confirmed prediction using DFT calculation by López and Poblet (ref. 21, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007, 129, 12244.) that the most stable site for sodium is the central cavity with a slight shift from the center of the molecule.
Neglected femoral neck fractures in cerebral palsy: a narrative review
Authors: Toro Giuseppe , Moretti Antimo , Paoletta Marco , De Cicco Annalisa , Braile Adriano , Panni Alfredo Schiavone 
Published: January 2020

Hip fractures are severe conditions with a high morbidity and mortality, especially when the diagnosis is delayed, and if formulated over 30 days after the injury, is termed a ‘neglected femoral neck fracture’ (NFNF). Cerebral palsy (CP) is probably one of the major risk factors for NFNF in Western countries, mainly because of both cognitive and motor impairments. However, considering the high prevalence of fractures in these patients, the incidence of NFNF in this population is probably underestimated, and this condition might result in persistent hip or abdominal pain. Several techniques are available for the treatment of NFNF (i.e. muscle pedicle bone graft, fixation with fibular graft, valgisation osteotomy), but most of them could affect motor function. Motor function must be preserved for as long as possible, in order to enhance the quality of life of CP patients. After discussing published NFNF cases in CP patients and available treatment options, a practical approach is proposed to facilitate the orthopaedic surgeon to both early identify and appropriately manage these challenging fractures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:58-64. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190019
Chemical compound isolated from antioxidant active extract of endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum in Swietenia mahagoni leaf stalks
Authors: Fadhillah Fadhillah , ELFITA  , MUHARNI  , HENI YOHANDINI  , HARY WIDJAJANTI  
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fadhillah, Elfita, Muharni, Yohandini H, Widjajanti. 2019. Chemical compound isolated from antioxidant active extract of endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum in Swietenia mahagoni leaf stalks. Biodiversitas 20: 2645-2650. Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq is a medicinal plant that widely used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor, and antidiabetic. Several bioactive compounds have been reported to be associated with this plant that supports its treatment activities. Flavonoid content of the S. mahagoni has antioxidant activity. Therefore the plant is widely used to treat degenerative diseases caused by free radical activity in the body. Scientists have proven that the medicinal plants have a symbiotic relationship with the number of microorganisms that can produce bioactive compounds. One of the symbiotic microorganisms is endophytic fungi believed to be associated with every plant on earth. In this paper, we report a secondary metabolite compound from endophytic fungi isolated from S. mahagoni. The endophytic fungi (DMG1-DMG4) were isolated from leaf stalks of S. mahagoni. Antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The chemical compound from the active extract was isolated by the chromatographic method, and the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, NMR 1D (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), NMR 2D (HMQC and HMBC). Antioxidant activity test showed the endophytic fungus (DMG3) has the highest activity. The chemical compound from DMG3 was identified as 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-piran-4-yl) methyl acetate). The phylogenetic method used to molecular analysis of DMG3 confirmed the fungus as Cladosporium tenuissimum.
Species diversity and prey items of amphibians in Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand
Authors: Thongproh Prapaiporn , PRATEEP DUENGKAE  , PRAMOTE RATREE  , EKACHAI PHETCHARAT  , WASSANA KINGWONGSA  , WEEYAWAT JAITRONG  , YODCHAIY CHUAYNKERN  , CHANTIP CHUAYNKERN  
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Thongproh P, Duengkae P, Ratree P, Phetcharat E, Kingwongsa W, Jaitrong W, Chuaynkern Y, Chuaynkern C. 2019. Species diversity and prey items of amphibians in Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2718-2732. Amphibian occurrence within Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary, which is located along the border region among Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos, is poorly understood. To determine amphibian diversity within the sanctuary, we conducted daytime and nocturnal surveys from 2014 to 2017 within six management units. We recorded 26 amphibian species and two additional unidentified taxa from two orders (Anura and Gymnophiona) and six families. Four of the encountered species are new records for Ubon Ratchathani, (Kalophrynus interlineatus, Microhyla berdmorei, Micryletta inornata, and Chiromantis nongkhorensis). In addition to observational surveys, we investigated amphibian prey items via fecal pellet analyses. Prey items comprised mainly animals (85% from class Insecta), but 9% of species consumed both plants and animals. Among insects, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the most abundant prey (35% and 31%, respectively). In addition, we observed one case of Ichthyophis kohtaoensis consuming an earthworm and an incident of cannibalism in Sylvirana mortenseni. Finally, due to illegal logging activities and active landmines, surveys were limited to the secure regions within the sanctuary. Thus, we noted that further species might remain unidentified within Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary due to this limitation.