bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity of pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiaes.l.before and after a mass distribution of insecticide treated nets in Kinshasa and from 11 provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Wat’senga Francis , Agossa Fiacre , Manzambi Emile Z. , Illombe Gillon , Mapangulu Tania , Muyembe Tamfum , Clark Tiffany , Niang Mame , Ntoya Ferdinand , Sadou Aboubacar , Plucinski Mateusz , Li Yikun , Messenger Louisa A. , Fornadel Christen , Oxborough Richard M. , Irish Seth R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBetween 2011 and 2018, an estimated 134.8 million pyrethroid-treatedlong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) were distributed nationwide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for malaria control. Pyrethroid resistance has developed in DRC in recent years, but the intensity ofresistance and impact on LLIN efficacy was not known. Therefore, the intensity of resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to permethrin and deltamethrin was monitored before and after a mass distribution of LLINs in Kinshasa in December 2016, and in 7sites across the country in 2017 and 11 sites in 2018.Materials and MethodsIn Kinshasa, CDC bottle bioassays using 1, 2, 5, and 10 times the diagnostic dose of permethrin and deltamethrin were conducted using An. gambiae s.l. collected as larvae and reared to adults. Bioassays were conducted in four sites in Kinshasa province six months before a mass distribution of deltamethrin-treated ITNs and then two, six, and ten months after the distribution. One site in neighboring Kongo Central province was used as a control (no mass campaign of ITN distribution during the study). Nationwide intensity assays were conducted in six sites in 2017 using CDC bottle bioassays and in 11 sites in 2018 using WHO intensity assays. A sub-sample of An. gambiae s.l. were tested by PCR to determine species composition and frequency of kdr-1014F and 1014S alleles. ResultsIn June 2016, before LLIN distribution, permethrin resistance intensity was high in Kinshasa; the mean mortality rate was 43% at the 5× concentration and 73% at the 10× concentration. Bioassays at 3 time points after LLIN distribution showed considerable variation by site and time and there was no consistent evidence for an increase in pyrethroid resistance intensity compared to the neighboring control site. Tests of An. gambiaes.l. in 7 sites across the country in 2017 and 11 sites in 2018 showed all populations were resistant to the diagnostic doses of 3 pyrethroids.In 2018, the intensity of resistance varied by site, but was generally moderate for all three pyrethroids, with survivors at ×5 the diagnostic dose. An. gambiae s.s. was the most common species identified across 11 sites in DRC. However in Kinshasa, An. gambiae s.s.(91%) and An. coluzzii (8%) were sympatric.ConclusionsModerate or high intensity pyrethroid resistance was detected nationwide in DRC and is a serious threat to sustained malaria control with pyrethroid LLINs. Next generation nets (PBO nets or bi-treated nets) should be considered for mass distribution.
When can be safely performed total knee arthroplasty following prior arthroscopy?
Authors: Ma Jin-Ning , Li Xiao-Lin , Liang Pan , Yu Sheng-Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The optimal time to perform a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after knee arthroscopy (KA) was controversial in the literature. We aimed to 1) explore the effect of prior KA on the subsequent TKA; 2) identify who were not suitable for TKA in patients with prior KA; and 3) determine the timing of TKA following prior KA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 87 TKAs with prior KA and 174 controls using propensity score matching in our institution. The minimum followup was 2 years. Postoperative clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were created with reoperation as an end point. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to identify risk factors of severe complications in the KA group. The two-piecewise linear regression analysis was performed to examine the optimal timing of TKA following prior KA. Results The all-cause reoperation, revision and complication rates of KA group were significantly higher than those of control group (p<0.05). The survivorship of KA group and control group was 92.0% and 99.4% at the 2-year followup (p=0.002), respectively. Male (HR=3.2) and prior KA for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (Hazards ratio [HR]=4.4) were associated with postoperative complications in the KA group. There was a non-liner relationship between time from prior KA to TKA and postoperative complications with the turning point at 9.4 months. Conclusion Prior KA is associated with worse outcomes following subsequent TKA, especially male patients and those with prior KA for ACL injury. The optimal timing of TKA may be 9 months after prior KA. Surgeons should keep these findings in mind when treating patients who are scheduled to undergo TKA with prior KA.
Enhanced biohydrogen production from cotton stalk hydrolysate of Enterobacter cloacae WL1318 by overexpression of the formate hydrogen lyase activator gene
Authors: Zhang Qin , You Shaolin , Li Yanbin , Qu Xiaowei , Jiang Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Biohydrogen production from lignocellulose has become an important hydrogen production method due to its diversity, renewability, and cheapness. Overexpression of the formate hydrogen lyase activator ( fhlA ) gene is a promising tactic for enhancement of hydrogen production in facultative anaerobic Enterobacter . However, little work has been reported in terms of the fhlA gene cloning and expression in Enterobacter cloacae as well as the engineered strain for lignocellulose-based hydrogen production.Results The formate hydrogen lyase activator ( fhlA ) gene was cloned and overexpressed in Enterobacter cloacae WL1318, and the cumulative hydrogen production and dynamics, glucose and xylose consumption, cell growth, and soluble metabolites were analyzed in the wild and recombinant strains. The results showed that the recombinant strain significantly enhanced cumulative hydrogen production by 188% following fermentation of cotton stalk hydrolysate for 24 h, and maintained improved production above 30% throughout the fermentation process compared to the wild strain. Accordingly, overexpression of the fhlA gene resulted in an enhanced hydrogen production potential ( P ) and maximum hydrogen production rate ( R m ), as well as a shortened lag phase time ( λ ) for the recombinant strain. Additionally, the recombinant strain also displayed improved glucose (12%) and xylose (3.4%) consumption and hydrogen yield Y(H 2 /S) (37.0%) compared to the wild strain. Moreover, the metabolites and specific enzyme profiles demonstrated that reduced flux in the competitive branch, including succinic, acetic, and lactic acids, and ethanol generation, coupled with increased flux in the pyruvate node and formate splitting branch, benefited hydrogen synthesis.Conclusions The results conclusively prove that overexpression of fhlA gene in E. cloacae WL1318 can effectively enhance the hydrogen production from cotton stalk hydrolysate, and reduce the metabolic flux in the competitive branch. It’s the first attempt to engineer the fhlA gene in the hydrogen producing bacterium E. cloacae . This work provides a highly efficient engineered bacterium for biohydrogen production from fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate in the future.
Incremental Prognostic Value of Echocardiography of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Diastolic Function in STICH Trial
Authors: Kim Kyung-Hee , She Lilin , Lee Kerry L. , Dabrowski Rafal , Grayburn Paul A. , Rajda Miroslaw , Prior David L. , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Zoghbi William A. , Senni Michele , Stefanelli Guglielmo , Beghi Cesare , Huynh Thao , Velazquez Eric J. , Oh Jae K. , Lin Grace 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims: We sought to determine which echocardiographic markers of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction can contribute as incremental and independent prognostic information in addition to current clinical risk markers of ischemic LV systolic dysfunction in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial.Methods and Results: The cohort consisted of 1511 of 2136 patients in STICH for whom baseline transmitral Doppler (E/A ratio) could be measured by an echocardiographic core laboratory blinded to treatment and outcomes, and prognostic value of echocardiographic variables was determined by a Cox regression model. E/A ratio was the most significant predictor of mortality amongst diastolic variables with lowest mortality for E/A closest 0.8, although mortality was consistently low for E/A 0.6 to 1.0. Mortality increased for E/A <0.6 and > 1.0 up to approximately 2.3, beyond which there was no further increase in risk. Larger LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and E/A <0.6 and >1.0 had incremental negative effects on mortality when added to a clinical multivariable model, where creatinine, LVESVI, age, and E/A ratio accounted for 74% of the prognostic information for predicting risk. LVESVI and E/A ratio were stronger predictors of prognosis than New York Heart Association functional class, anemia, diabetes, history of atrial fibrillation, and stroke.Conclusions: Echocardiographic markers of advanced LV remodeling and diastolic dysfunction added incremental prognostic value to current clinical risk markers. LVESVI and E/A ratio outperformed other markers and should be considered as standard in assessing risks in ischemic heart failure. E/A closest to 0.8 was the most optimal filling pattern.
Hematological Inflammatory Markers in patients with clinically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Shafiee Zahra , Aliyari Roghayeh , Haghjooy-Javanmard Shaghayegh , Hajian Shabnam , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and aims:Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of lipid metabolism which leads to premature cardiovascular diseases. In patients with FH, blood inflammatory markers may be disrupted; however, its extent is unclear. In this study we aimed to evaluate, the NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PLR: Platelet count to lymphocyte count ratio, MPV: Mean platelet volume, RPR: Red blood cell distribution width to platelet count ratio, WBC: White blood cell, PDW: Platelet distribution width and platelets count. Methods:The study group consisted of 331 patients with FH and 260 control patients. Controls had a history of hyperlipidemia and both groups could be on pharmacotherapy or not. Results:None of the CBC inflammatory markers were not significantly difference in patients with FH than non-FH. Platelet count was significantly higher among patients with FH when compared to control patients (240.43±54.15 vs 228.52±47.37 p= 0.049*). When we used linear regression analysis, only RLR was independently associated with total cholesterol (b=0.000, p=0.13). Here we showed that CBC markers are nor different between FH and non-FH patients, however PLR is associated with cholesterol level not FH. Conclusions:Our results may show the important of high cholesterol on platelets activity and highlight the use of lipid lowering drugs in patients with hyperlipidemia.
Study of hospitalization and mortality in Korean diabetic patients using the diabetes complications severity index
Authors: Yoo Hyunju , Choo Eunjung , Lee Sukhyang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is expected to increase from 7.7% in 2017 to 8.4% in 2045 worldwide. Diabetes complications contribute to morbidity and mortality. To evaluate whether the diabetes complications severity index (DCSI) was associated with increased risks of mortality and hospitalization. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Database (NHID) sample cohort of 1,102,047 patients (2002–2015) in Korea. Diabetes complications were evaluated at 2 years after the new diagnosis of T2DM and during the follow-up period. The type and severity of complications were evaluated on the basis of the International Classification of Disease ninth (ICD-9) codes used in DCSI with 7 categories and 55 subcategories of complications. The Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the mortality and hospitalization rates. The incidence and relative risk of diabetes complications as well as the risk of mortality and hospitalization were the main outcome measures. Results A total of 27,871 patients were finally included and grouped into patients by the number of diabetic complications: none, one, and two or more. Out of total patients, 2,302 (8.26%) died during the follow-up period. Patients died in 490 (5.37%) of 9,130 with none, 659 (7.31%) of 9,015 with one, and 1,153 (11.85%) of 9,726 patients with two or more complications. The risks of mortality and hospitalization were related with DCSI linear [hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.11–1.16), relative risk 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.06)]. Conclusions The higher incidence and severity of diabetes complications have increased risks of mortality and hospitalization in patients with T2DM.
Early-stage multi-differentiated gastric carcinosarcoma and post-resection local recurrence: a case report
Authors: Shioya Akihiro , Kurose Nozomu , Mizutani Kenichi , Kumagai Motona , Kawaura Ken , Nakamura Naohiko , Kosaka Takeo , Motono Nozomu , Uramoto Hidetaka , Yamada Sohsuke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Carcinosarcoma is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis that is most often discovered at an advanced stage; a gastric carcinosarcoma is even rarer than carcinosarcomas originating in other organs, such as the uterus. We report our experience with an early-stage multi-differentiated gastric carcinosarcoma. Case presentation A 68-year-old male patient presented with anemia, and his fecal occult blood test was positive. An endoscopic examination was conducted which revealed a hemorrhagic, irregular, protruding lesion in the stomach. The lesion was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen, and a segmental gastrectomy was performed. A 41 × 29 × 18 mm 3 protruding lesion was observed in the resection specimen, and histologically confirmed to be a gastric carcinosarcoma with mixed adenocarcinomatous and sarcomatous composition. Tumor invasion was limited to the submucosa. Besides the adenocarcinomatous portion, neuroendocrine differentiation and AFP-positive gastric carcinoma were present in the carcinomatous portion of the tumor; in the sarcomatous portion, chondrosarcomatous, leiomyosarcomatous, and rhabdomyosarcomatous components were observed in addition to the undifferentiated sarcomatous component. Furthermore, the tumor included SALL4-positive germ cell-like cells. Despite early-stage detection, the cancer recurred locally 14 months after tumor resection, which necessitated a total gastrectomy. At the 2-month follow-up after the total gastrectomy, the patient was alive. This patient had developed an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and primary lung adenosquamous carcinoma, both of which were resected. Conclusions Few cases of early-stage gastric carcinosarcoma have been reported, but there are no reports of recurrence to date. Local recurrence as in this patient, and even in early-stage cases, requires cautious surveillance to check for post-resection recurrence and metastasis. The etiopathogenesis of carcinosarcoma has not yet been elucidated; however, in the present case, despite the tumor’s relatively small size, it exhibited various types of differentiation in both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and a proliferative germ cell-like portion, which suggests that the monoclonal origin hypothesis may be a valid theory for the carcinosarcoma.
Overexpression of CD155 associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on immune cells, rather than tumor cells in microenvironment of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Li Yu-Chen , Zhou Quan , Lv Shu-Zhen , Yuan Ke-Yu , Wu Jiang-Ping , Zhao Yan-Jie , Song Qing-Kun , Zhu Bin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective This study was performed to investigate the expression status of CD155 and the association with exhausted CD4 + helper and CD8 + cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in breast cancer microenvironment. Methods 126 breast cancer patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were recruited into this study consecutively. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression CD155, PD-L1 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells in the microenvironment. Results The proportion of patients with CD155 expression was higher in triple negative breast cancer (72.7%) than Luminal A patients (22.2%, p<0.05). Patients with positive CD155 expression had higher percentage of CD4 + /PD-1 + helper TILs (30%) than patients with negative CD155 expression (21%, p<0.05). Patients with positive CD155 expression also had higher cell counts of exhausted CD4+ TILs (47 vs. 20/HPF) and unexhausted CD8+ TILs (30 vs. 17/HPF) than patients with negative expression (p<0.05). CD155 expression was correlated with an increased PD-L1 expression in immune cells, 0.8% and 0.02% immune cells expressing PD-L1 in patients with positive and negative CD155 expression, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions CD155 was related with an inhibitory immune microenvironment of breast cancer. CD155 was associated with high proportion of exhausted CD4 + and unexhausted CD8 + TILs and high PD-L1 expression in immune cells.
Intravitreal Conbercept for choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia in real-life setting in China
Authors: Nie Xin , Wang Yulong , Yi Hong , qiao yanbin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the 12-month efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept for myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: A retrospective, observational study. Thirty-four eyes of 34 pathologic myopic patients with CNV were treated with intravitreal conbercept (IVC) 0.5 mg with a follow up of 12 months. After the first injection, administration of conbercept followed a pro re nata (PRN) regimen. Outcomes included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), CNV size, the total number of treatments, and adverse events. Results: The mean patient age was 55.88 ± 16.17 years, and mean eye spherical equivalent was − 8.72 ± 3.75 D. The mean number of IVC over 12 months was 2.12 ± 0.69. Overall, best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）improved from 0.86 ± 0.33 logMAR at baseline to 0.44 ± 0.32 logMAR at month 12 ( P < 0.001 ), mean improvement of vision was 4.12 ± 2.69 Snellen lines . Mean central retinal thickness reduced from 285.9 ± 104.6 μm at baseline to 192.1 ± 97.5 μm at month 12 (P < 0.001). Mean CNV size decreased from 0.52 ± 0.38 mm 2 at baseline to 0.31 ± 0.19 mm 2 at 12 months (P < 0.05). All the 34 eyes had reduced or stable size of CNV, thirty-two eyes (94.12%) showed absence of CNV leakage at the end of the study period. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion: Intravitreal conbercept 0.5mg was safe and effective for treatment of myopic CNV over 12 months in real-life setting.
Efficacy and safety of post-scleral injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion: 3 month results from a prospective randomized, controlled and open label clinical trial
Authors: Lie Hongxuan , Zhu Meidong , Li Sha , Ran Li , Meng Xiaohong , Long Yanlin , Liu Yong , Wang Yi , Li Shiying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of post-scleral injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in macular region to treat macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and compare it with intravitreal injection of TA and Ranibizumab. Methods: This is a prospective, double masked and single-center study. Thirty-six eyes, one from each participant who was diagnosed with macular edema secondary to BRVO between July 2011 and December 2014, were randomised into three groups to receive post-sclera injection of 20mg/0.05ml TA (PS-TA), intravitreal injection of 2mg TA (IV-TA) and intravitreal injection of 0.5mg Ranibuzmab (IV-Ranibizumab), respectively. Changes of retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography (OCT) in foveal (zone 1) and average macular area (1-9 zones) at month 1 and 3 from baseline were the primary outcomes. The secondary study outcomes include changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) at month 1 and 3 from baseline and profile of adverse events. Results: The mean thickness changes from the baseline in macular fovea (zone 1) were statistically significant at month 1 in IV-TA and PS-TA groups, respectively (P-value < 0.0005 and P-value = 0.032), but not in Ranibizumab group (P-value = 0.083). At month 3, the mean thickness change from the baseline in macular fovea (zone 1) was statistically significant only in IV-TA group (P-value = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean thickness changes in macular region (zone 1-9) from baseline to month 1 or 3 in any group. No statistically significant differences were detected across the three treatment groups in mean thickness changes in macular fovea (zone 1) nor macular region (zone 1-9), over 1 and 3 months from baseline (P-values > 0.05). No Serious Adverse Event was detected in any treatment group during the study period. Two eyes in the IV-TA group had mild elevated IOP after the injection. Conclusion: PS-TA injection near macular region is safe and effective in treating macular edema secondary to BRVO. PS-TA could reduce the incidence of intraocular hypertension significantly, and thus has the advantages of safety compared to IVTA.
Topical citicoline and vitamin B12 versus placebo in the treatment of diabetes-related corneal nerve damage: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Authors: Fogagnolo Paolo , Melardi Ettore , Tranchina Laura , Rossetti Luca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects of topical citicoline and vitamin B12 (OMK2, Omikron Italia srl, Italy) on the corneal sub-basal plexus density (SBP) of patients with diabetes. Methods This prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study included thirty patients with diabetic neuropathy randomised with 2:1 ratio to OMK2 or placebo 3 times daily for 18 months. At baseline and at months 4,8,12,18 patients underwent the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), tear break-up time, evaluation of corneal and conjunctival staining, Schirmer I test, Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry, and confocal biomicroscopy of SBP. SBP density (mm/mm2) was calculated using NeuronJ. Raw data and differences from baseline were analysed in the two groups. Results 29/30 patients concluded the study. The two groups had similar SBP at baseline; it progressively improved up to month 18 in both groups (OMK2, p<0.0001; controls, <0.0001-0.03); improvement at month 18 vs baseline was higher in OMK2 than placebo (33% vs 15%, p=0.04). A progressive amelioration of corneal sensitivity was also shown just on OMK2 group (baseline, 28±18 mm; month 18, 52±10 mm, p<0.0001). In OMK2 patients, also conjunctival staining and OSDI questionnaire improved during the study (P=0.04 and 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated and adherence during the study was high. Conclusions OMK2 ameliorated both morphology and function of corneal nerves in patients with diabetes, thus suggesting a neuroprotective effect.