bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of SPEI Index in Drought Evolution in Fujian Province
Authors: Guojiang Deng , Guangsheng Liu , Lianrong Chen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent years, global warming has significantly increased the number of extreme weather and climatic drought events. Therefore, based on the meteorological monitoring data of 19 stations in Fujian province from 1959 to 2011, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI index) was obtained to analyse the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought in Fujian province during the past 50 years. The results showed that the trend of climate warming in Fujian province in recent 50 years was obvious. Except for Xiamen, all the other stations showed an insignificant drying trend. The variation of SPEI index in recent 50 years shows that the dry and wet state of Fujian province did not change significantly before 2000, while the SPEI index was mostly negative after 2000, which showed a trend of drought. This study will provide an important scientific basis for scientific prediction of future surface moisture and water resources utilization and protection in Fujian province.
The Evolution of Urban System in Shandong Province
Authors: Wang Yanqiao , Chang Zhanqiang , He Lanting , Liu Xiaomeng , Qian Shujun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Shandong Province is one of the important provinces on the eastern coast. The total GDP is ranked third in the whole country. Since 2000, urbanization in Shandong Province has entered a period of rapid development, and the urban system has evolved into a focus. At present, there are relatively few research papers on urban system structure in China, and most of the focus is on urban agglomeration and urban circle research. Therefore, based on the socio-economic data of 17 cities from Shandong province, this paper aims to analyze the evolution of the urban system. From the aspect of economic spatial structure, we adopt principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain comprehensive score of economic scale and urban centrality of each city. It shows that Shandong province has developed from a dual-core urban system to a quad-core urban system. These four cores are Qingdao, Jinan, Weifang and Yantai. However, the gap of economical scale between Qingdao and Jinan is still relatively large. Based on the Economical Gravity Model, we obtain the strength of economic linkage between every two cities. It shows that the economic linkage of central Shandong and coastal areas is more concentrated, while economic linkage of southern Shandong is less concentrated. Overall, the urban system of Shandong Province has no obvious core cities and tends to be multi-core distribution. However, the four regional central cities described above are located in the central part of Shandong Province and the coastal peninsula, while the vast northern and southern parts of Shandong Province do not have a regional central city.
Assessment of the River Habitat Quality Using Bioindication in the Piedmont Stream Handlovka in Slovakia
Authors: Dolakova G , Skrinar A , Macura V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper focuses on an assessment of a river habitat quality in piedmont streams using a bioindication by the brown trout. The study was performed at four sites, piedmont streams in Slovakia, but modelling procedure herein is particularly described only for the Handlovka River, in the Nitra basin. For the field and modelling work, a natural reference reach and a regulated reach have been chosen within each stream. Hydrometric, geodetic and morphological measurements were conducted. The paper focuses on modelling in the Hydrocheck software and Computer Software System for Environmental Flow Analysis (SEFA) based on the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and result output is the Area Weighted Suitability (AWS). The abiotic parameters for modelling were chosen as depth and velocity rates. The biotic parameter was chosen as an ichthyologic abundance of the brown trout. The results show significant difference between natural and modified channel, presenting natural reach as more suitable for fish abundance with higher AWS score. The regulated reaches are significantly affected by the river regulation, construction of concrete panels and sever contamination from anthropogenic runoff. On the contrary, the natural channels offer enough morphological structure and various shelter possibilities for enhancement of fish population.
Influence of management on vegetative reproduction of invasive species of Helianthus tuberosus in Poodri PLA
Authors: Janikova A , Svehlakova H , Turcova B , Stalmachova B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, the authors deal with the influence of management on vegetative reproduction of Helianthus tuberosus, which is invasive plant in the Czech Republic and spreads uncontrollably in the Poodri PLA, where it displaces native plant species. We applied the proposed management (application of herbicides, mowing, engraving) on the study areas and then monitored the condition of the plant tubers.
Microbial degradation of wool industry wastewater
Authors: Pavlikova M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The textile industry generates a high volume of wastewater with various organic and inorganic compounds, which leads to many problems at water ecosystems. Various types of dyes were used for dyeing wool, but metal-complex dyes are the most favoured because of their high affinity towards protein fibres. The main purpose of this study was to reduce the concentration of metals from wool industry wastewater by microscopic filamentous fungi of genus Aspergillus. The most significant growth of biofilm, and thus the highest ability to reduce metal content in an aqueous solution was observed by microscopic filamentous fungi Aspergillus ochraceus. After 30 days of biodegradation process, the concentration of copper was reduced by 47.94%, and of chromium by 32.55%. Aspergillus flavus reduced the concentration of chromium by 18.34%, and Aspergillus candidus by 20.71%.
Memory, Heritage and the Demolition of the Potsdam Garnisonkirche, 1968*
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 1968, the ruling Socialist Unity Party demolished Potsdam’s Garnisonkirche (Garrison Church). This article analyses the way in which the demolition of the Garnisonkirche opened up a spectrum of reflections on the meaning of the Prussian and Nazi pasts in the GDR and the ways it ought to be mediated through the urban landscape. Using petitions sent by everyday citizens to the local political authorities as well as debates within the SED itself, this article demonstrates how the public discussion about the demolition of the church navigated the many problems posed by Potsdam’s ‘burdened’ past in its urban spaces. While a number of individuals believed that this history could be transcended through the construction of a ‘new’ Potsdam, others believed that effectively handling the recent past required a direct confrontation with its architectural symbols.
A Multicenter Evaluation of a Nongel Mechanical Separator Plasma Blood Collection Tube for Testing of Selected Therapeutic Drugs
Authors: Morosyuk Svetlana , Berube Julie , Christenson Robert , Wu Alan H B , Uettwiller-Geiger Denise , Palicka Vladimir , Prusa Richard , Zima Tomas , Shaw Kristin , Plokhoy Elizabeth , Ahuja Aparna J , Stankovic Ana K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Some therapeutic drugs are unstable during sample storage in gel tubes. BD Vacutainer® Barricor™ Plasma Blood Collection Tube with nongel separator was compared with plasma gel tubes, BD Vacutainer PST™, PST II, and BD Vacutainer Serum Tube for acetaminophen, salicylate, digoxin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and vancomycin during sample storage for up to 7 days.

Methods
Seven hospital sites enrolled 705 participants who were taking at least one selected drug. The study tubes were collected and tested at initial time (0 h), after 48 h of storage at room temperature and on day 7 (after additional 5 days of refrigerated storage). The performance of BD Barricor tube was evaluated for each drug by comparing BD Barricor samples with samples from the other tubes at 0 h from the same participant; stability was evaluated by comparing test results from the same tube at 0 h, 48 h, and 7 days.

Results
At 0 h, BD Barricor showed clinically equivalent results for selected therapeutic drugs compared with the other tubes, except phenytoin in BD PST. Phenytoin samples ≥20 µg/mL in BD PST had 10–12% lower values than samples in BD Barricor. During sample storage, all selected drugs remained stable for 7 days in BD Barricor and in serum aliquots. In BD PST, all drugs remained stable except phenytoin and carbamazepine and in BD PST II except for phenytoin.

Conclusion
The BD Barricor Tube is effective for the collection and storage of plasma blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring without sample aliquoting.
Thrombolytic Use in Management of Frostbite Injuries: Eight Year Retrospective Review at a Single Institution
Authors: Heard Jason , Shamrock Alan , Galet Colette , Pape Kate O , Laroia Sandeep , Wibbenmeyer Lucy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Frostbite injuries are uncommon, understudied, and lack standardized treatment protocols. Although thrombolytics are commonly used, their efficacy remains controversial. Herein, we report the results of a retrospective review of frostbite treatment practices at a single institution. The impact of thrombolytics on outcomes was evaluated. Medical records of frostbite patients admitted between January 2010 and April 2018 were reviewed. Demographics, injury details, treatment, and outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics were obtained. A case–control analysis comparing patients who received tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with those who did not was performed. A total of 102 patients were included. The mean age was 43 ± 17.7; 82.4% were male. About 13% of patients were presented with first-degree, 54% with second-degree, 29% with third-degree, and 5% with fourth-degree frostbite. Toes (69%), fingers (53%), and feet (43%) were most commonly affected. Thirteen patients had angiograms. Twelve patients received tPA: three systemic tPA and nine catheter-directed tPA. Overall, 32 patients (31%) required surgery and 27 (26.5%) patients required amputation with an average of 6.5 digits amputated. Digit salvage rate based on angiography was 84.7%. Length of stay (P = .046), number of operations (P = .037), and need for surgery (P = .030) were significantly lower for patients who received thrombolytics. Two patients had bleeding complications but did not require intervention or interruption of therapy. Despite its small sample size, our study suggests benefits from thrombolytic therapy. Prospective, well designed, and multi-institutional studies are warranted to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines for the management of frostbite injuries.
Impact of air pollution on short-term movements: evidence from air travels in China
Authors: Chen Shuai , Chen Yuyu , Lei Ziteng , Tan-Soo Jie-Sheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While there is abundant evidence demonstrating that residents permanently migrate in search of locations with cleaner air, there are considerably fewer studies that investigate if travellers also take short-term trips to reduce their exposure to air pollution. In this study, we use a complete dataset of flights at Beijing International Airport to investigate if travel patterns are indeed correlated with air quality-differences across cities in China. Our identification strategy is aided by instrumenting air quality using thermal inversions. We find that a one-unit increase in the Air Pollution Index of origin over destination city would lead to a 0.36% increase in number of passengers on the flight. When considered separately by cabin-class, the number of first-class passengers increased about three-times faster than economy-class. Using lagged air quality information, we also find that averting-related travel decisions are most sensitive to destination’s air quality on day-of-travel. This indicates that flight passengers likely rely on air quality forecast information to make air pollution-induced travel decisions.
Bioelution, Bioavailability, and Toxicity of Cobalt Compounds Correlate
Authors: Danzeisen Ruth , Williams David Lee , Viegas Vanessa , Dourson Michael , Verberckmoes Steven , Burzlaff Arne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on the wide use of cobalt substances in a range of important technologies, it has become important to predict the toxicological properties of new or lesser-studied substances as accurately as possible. We studied a group of 6 cobalt substances with inorganic ligands, which were tested for their bioaccessibility (surrogate measure of bioavailability) through in vitro bioelution in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Representatives of the group also underwent in vivo blood kinetics and mass balance tests, and both oral acute and repeated dose toxicity (RDT) testing. We were able to show a good correlation between high in vitro bioaccessibility with high in vivo bioavailability and subsequent high in vivo toxicity; consequently, low in vitro bioaccessibility correlated well with low in vivo bioavailability and low in vivo toxicity. In vitro bioelution in simulated gastric fluid was the most precise predictor of the difference in the oral RDT lowest observed adverse effect levels of 2 compounds representing the highly and poorly bioaccessible subset of substances. The 2 compounds cobalt dichloride hexahydrate and tricobalt tetraoxide differed by a factor of 440 in their in vitro bioaccessibility and by a factor of 310 in their RDT lowest observed adverse effect level. In summary, this set of studies shows that solubility, specifically in vitro bioelution in simulated gastric fluid, is a good, yet conservative, predictor of in vivo bioavailability and oral systemic toxicity of inorganic cobalt substances. Bioelution data are therefore an invaluable tool for grouping and read across of cobalt substances for hazard and risk assessment.
Examining Factors That Contribute to Delayed Wound Healing in Children with Tracheostomy Wounds
Authors: Odom Brian H. , Lowe Leah , VanHoose Lisa , Rainey Jacqueline , Yates Charlotte 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To identify variables that may contribute to delayed wound healing times in pediatric patients with tracheostomy wounds.

DESIGN
Researchers identified 134 charts spanning January 2013 to June 2017; 95 charts met the inclusion criteria. The study examined Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scores, pressure injury staging, and albumin levels.

SETTING
Arkansas Children’s Hospital.

PATIENTS
Patients (birth to 18 years) who developed or were admitted with a wound caused by a tracheostomy device.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Time in days to wound closure.

MAIN RESULTS
There was a moderate positive correlation between albumin and days to healing (r = 0.432, n = 22, P = .045) with higher albumin levels associated with shorter healing times. The PUSH scores and pressure injury stage were significant in explaining 14.1% of variance in days to healing (F
77,2 = 7.458; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Wound healing appears to be multifactorial in nature in the pediatric population; albumin levels, pressure injury stage, and PUSH scores are all positively correlated with healing times. Further research is needed to investigate the contribution of race to healing time predication for the pediatric population.
Supplemental Fixation of Supracondylar Distal Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Comparison of Dual-Plate and Plate-Nail Constructs
Authors: Wright David J. , DeSanto Donald J. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. , Scolaro John A. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
This biomechanical study compares the effectiveness of dual-plate (DP) and plate-nail (PN) constructs for fixation of supracondylar distal femur fractures in synthetic and cadaveric specimens.

Methods:
Twenty-four synthetic osteoporotic femurs were used to compare 4 constructs in an extra-articular, supracondylar fracture gap model (OTA/AO type 33-A3). Constructs included: (1) distal lateral femoral locking plate (DLFLP), (2) retrograde intramedullary nail (rIMN), (3) DLFLP + medial locking compression plate (DP construct), and (4) DLFLP + rIMN (PN construct). DP and PN constructs were then directly compared using 7 matched pairs of cadaveric femurs. Specimens underwent cyclic loading in torsion and compression. Biomechanical effectiveness was measured by quantifying the load-dependent stiffness of each construct.

Results:
In synthetic osteoporotic femurs, the DP construct had the greatest torsional stiffness (1.76 ± 0.33 Nm/deg) followed by the rIMN (1.67 ± 0.14 Nm/deg), PN construct (1.44 ± 0.17 Nm/deg), and DLFLP (0.68 ± 0.10 Nm/deg) (P < 0.01). The DP construct also had the greatest axial stiffness (507.9 ± 83.1 N/mm) followed by the PN construct (371.4 ± 41.9 N/mm), DLFLP (255.0 ± 45.3 N/mm), and rIMN (109.2 ± 47.6 N/mm) (P < 0.05). In cadaveric specimens, the DP construct was nearly twice as stiff as the PN construct in torsion (8.41 ± 0.58 Nm/deg vs. 4.24 ± 0.41 Nm/deg, P < 0.001), and over one-and-a-half times stiffer in compression (2148.1 ± 820.4 vs. 1387.7 ± 467.9 N/mm, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
DP constructs provided stiffer fixation than PN constructs in this biomechanical study of extra-articular distal femur fractures. In the clinical setting, fracture morphology, desired healing mode, surgical approach, and implant cost should be considered when implementing these fixation strategies.
Capital Femoral Epiphyseal Cupping and Extension May Be Protective in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Dual-center Matching Cohort Study
Authors: Morris William Z. , Liu Raymond W. , Marshall Danielle C. , Maranho Daniel A. , Novais Eduardo N. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Peripheral cupping of the capital femoral epiphysis over the metaphysis has been reported as a precursor of cam morphology, but may also confer stability of the epiphysis protecting it from slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a novel morphologic parameter of inherent physeal stability, epiphyseal cupping, and the development of SCFE in a dual-center matched-control cohort study.

Methods:
We performed a dual-center age-matched and sex-matched cohort study comparing 279 subjects with unilateral SCFE and 279 radiographically normal controls from 2 tertiary children’s hospitals. All SCFE patients had at least 18 months of radiographic follow-up for contralateral slip surveillance. Anteroposterior and frog lateral pelvis radiographs were utilized to measure the epiphyseal cupping ratio and the current standard measure of inherent physeal stability, the epiphyseal extension ratio.

Results:
Control hips were found to have greater epiphyseal cupping than the contralateral uninvolved hip of SCFE subjects both superiorly (0.28±0.08 vs. 0.24±0.06; P<0.001) and anteriorly (0.22±0.07 vs. 0.19±0.06; P<0.001). The 58/279 (21%) subjects who went on to develop contralateral slip had decreased epiphyseal cupping superiorly (0.25±0.07 vs. 0.23±0.05; P=0.03) and anteriorly (0.20±0.06 vs. 0.17±0.04; P<0.001). When we compared controls with hips that did not progress to contralateral slip and hips that further developed a contralateral SCFE, 1-way ANOVA demonstrated a stepwise decrease in epiphyseal cupping and epiphyseal extension ratio in the anterior and superior planes from control hips to contralateral hips without subsequent slip to contralateral hips that developed a SCFE (P<0.01 for each).

Conclusions:
This study provides further evidence that epiphyseal cupping around the metaphysis is associated with decreased likelihood of SCFE and may reflect increased inherent physeal stability. Epiphyseal cupping may represent an adaptive mechanism to stabilize the epiphysis during adolescence at the long-term cost of the eventual development of associated cam-femoroacetabular impingement deformity.

Levels of Evidence:
Level III—prognostic Study.
Monitoring Antiplatelet Aggregation In Vivo and In Vitro by Microtiter Plate Method
Authors: Wu Qiu-Ling , Dong Jun , Zeng Hua-Wu , Lv Chao , Liu Ai-Jun , Zhang Wei-Dong 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The current light transmission aggregation method is a recognized conventional method for platelet function evaluation, but it is time-consuming and poor in parallelism and cannot simultaneously monitor multiple inducers at multiple levels. The microtiter plate method has been established because of the high-throughput characteristic, but it needs more practical applications.

Objectives:
To evaluate the microtiter plate method by using aspirin and clopidogrel in vivo and in vitro.

Methods:
In vitro, the platelet aggregations inhibited by aspirin (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 90 μM) and clopidogrel (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 μM) were evaluated with the presence of arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) agonists. Using the combination index (CI), the effect of the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel on platelet aggregation was evaluated. In vivo, New Zealand rabbits (n = 18) were randomly divided into 3 groups, aspirin group (5 mg/kg, intragastrical gavage [i.g.]), clopidogrel group (14 mg/kg at the first day, followed by 4 mg/kg, i.g.), and the combination of these two drugs, administered (i.g.) continuously for 7 days. Then, the blood was collected to measure platelet aggregation.

Results:
Different concentrations of AA (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM) and ADP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μM) could promote platelet aggregation in concentration-dependent manner, and the most stable induction concentrations of AA and ADP were 50 and 5 μM. In vitro, with the above optimized detection system, aspirin and clopidogrel alone or in combination had concentration-dependent antiplatelet aggregation. The combination of aspirin and clopidogrel also showed synergistic inhibition effect within the concentration range studied. In vivo, aspirin and clopidogrel alone or in combination inhibited platelet aggregation induced by multiple concentrations of AA and ADP agonists, and the combined inhibition was more significant during the administration than aspirin or clopidogrel alone.

Conclusions:
The improved microtiter plate method combining the use of multiple levels of multiple agonists avoids the variation of the effective inducer concentrations due to individual different response of platelets to agonists. It may be a potential approach in the detection of platelet aggregation.