bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Subglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Warrant a Different Strategy Than Other Laryngeal Subsites?
Authors: Jumaily Mejd , Gallogly James A. , Gropler Matthew C. , Faraji Farhoud , Ward Gregory M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisSubglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) is a rare cancer with limited evidence‐based treatment guidelines. This study aimed to describe the treatment patterns for SSCC and to determine which treatments provide the best overall survival.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients treated for SSCC from 2004 through 2014. Overall survival (OS) rates were determined by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Clinicopathologic characteristics were assessed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, which corrected for age, sex, race, insurance status, income quartile, residence, Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity score, facility type providing treatment, tumor grade, and clinical N and T category.ResultsIn this cohort of 549 patients with SSCC, the 5‐year OS was 48.2%. SSCC presented at an advanced stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III or IV) in 60.1% of cases; 78.3% of cases had no nodal metastases. Among only stage IV cases, multivariable analysis showed that radiotherapy (RT) (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.944; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76‐12.8; P < .001) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (HR = 2.321; 95% CI: 1.36‐3.97; P = .002) were both associated with decreased 5‐year OS compared to a group consisting of all surgeries. When this analysis was repeated for only stage III cases, RT (HR = 1.134; 95% CI: 0.38‐3.37; P = .821) and CRT (HR = 1.784; 95% CI: 0.78‐4.08; P = .170) were equivalent to surgery.ConclusionsUsing the NCDB to study the largest cohort of SSCC with known staging and treatment, primary surgery may provide a better 5‐year OS in advanced‐stage SSCC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1117–E1124, 2021
Factors Associated With the Choice of Radiation Therapy Treatment Facility in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sullivan Christopher B. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Anderson Carryn M. , Seaman Aaron T. , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicodemographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients receiving postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) at a different treatment facility rather than the initial surgical facility for head and neck cancer.Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.MethodsUtilizing the National Cancer Data Base, 2004 to 2015, patients with a diagnosis of oral cavity/oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were studied. Multivariate analysis was completed with multivariate regression and Cox proportional hazard model, and survival outcomes were examined using Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 15,181 patients who had surgery for a head and neck cancer at an academic/research center were included in the study population. Of the study population, 4,890 (32.2%) patients completed PORT at a different treatment facility. Treatment at a different facility was more common among patients who were ≥65 years old, white, Medicare recipients, those with a greater distance between residence and surgical treatment facility, and with lower income within area of residence (each P < .05). Overall survival was worse in patients completing PORT at a different treatment facility versus at the institution where surgery was completed (61.9% vs. 66.4%; P = .002).ConclusionsPORT at a different facility was more common in older individuals, Medicare recipients, those with greater distance to travel, and lower‐income individuals. Completing PORT outside the hospital where surgery was performed was associated with inferior survival outcomes among head and neck cancer patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1019–1025, 2021
Enzyme activity of soils in urban landscapes of the lower Don area, Southern Russia
Authors: Gorbov Sergey N. , Gorovtsov Andrey V. , Bezuglova Olga S. , Anisimova Marina A. , Skripnikov Pavel N. , Tishchenko Svetlana A. , Marschner Bernd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoils are the main component of the urban ecosystem and they perform environment‐forming and protective functions. The dynamics of the organic matter and enzymatic activity is an early diagnostic indicator of negative changes in urban pedogenesis. However, the features of the enzymatic activity of urban soils of the Chernozem zone are poorly studied, and the available research focuses on the upper humus‐accumulative horizons or the urbic horizons. The study aimed to reveal the regularities of the enzymatic activity distribution through 200 cm in the profile of urban soils and to show their relationship with the content of the main soil components. Urbic Technosols Molic, Ekranic Technosols, Urbic Technosols, Technic Chernozems (caChernozems of fallow and virgin areas of the Rostov Agglomeration were studied. Soil samples were taken down to a depth of 200 cm. The activity of extracellular enzymes was determined by the fluorescence method. Soil organic matter content was determined by the high‐temperature combustion method on a TOC analyzer. А number of patterns in the distribution of the enzymatic activity have been identified. Most of the Urbic Technosols were characterized by a low enzymatic activity. Factor analysis showed a negative correlation of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes in natural soil. A positive correlation of oxidases with hydrolases was shown in urbanized horizons. We found that the longer the time of sealing, the stronger the inhibition of enzymatic activity. We conclude that enzymatic activity can be used as an indicator in biodiagnostics, biomonitoring, and bioindication of the urban soils.
Genetic, textual, and archeological evidence of the historical global spread of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata[L.] Walp.)
Authors: Herniter Ira A. , Muñoz‐Amatriaín María , Close Timothy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata[L.] Walp.) was originally domesticated in sub‐Saharan Africa but is now cultivated on every continent except Antarctica. Utilizing archeological, textual, and genetic resources, the spread of cultivated cowpea has been reconstructed. Cowpea was domesticated in Africa, likely in both West and East Africa, before 2500 BCE and by 400 BCE was long established in all the modern major production regions of the Old World, including sub‐Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, India, and Southeast Asia. Further spread occurred as part of the Columbian Exchange, which brought African germplasm to the Caribbean, the southeastern United States, and South America and Mediterranean germplasm to Cuba, the southwestern United States, and Northwest Mexico.
Contrasting nonphotochemical quenching patterns under high light and darkness aligns with light niche occupancy in Arctic diatoms
Authors: Croteau Dany , Guérin Sébastien , Bruyant Flavienne , Ferland Joannie , Campbell Douglas A. , Babin Marcel , Lavaud Johann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the seasons, Arctic diatom species occupy shifting habitats defined by contrasting light climates, constrained by snow and ice cover dynamics interacting with extreme photoperiod and solar angle variations. How Arctic diatom photoadaptation strategies differ across their heterogeneous light niches remains a poorly documented but crucial missing link to anticipate Arctic Ocean responses to shrinking sea‐ice and increasing light. To address this question, we selected five Arctic diatom species with diverse life traits, representative of distinct light niches across the seasonal light environment continuum: from snow‐covered dimly lit bottom ice to summer stratified waters. We studied their photoacclimation plasticity to two growth light levels and the subsequent responses of their nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and xanthophyll cycle to both dark incubations and light shifts. We deciphered NPQ and xanthophyll cycle tuning in darkness and their light‐dependent induction kinetics, which aligned with species' light niche occupancy. In ice‐related species, NPQ was sustained in darkness and its induction was more reactive to moderate light shifts. Open‐water species triggered strong NPQ induction in darkness and reached higher maximal NPQ under high light. Marginal ice zone species showed strong adaptation to light fluctuations with a dark response fine‐tuned depending upon light history. We argue these traits are anchored in diverging photoadaption strategies fostering Arctic diatom success in their respective light niches.
Prediction of corrosion products of iron at a low‐level radioactive waste disposal facility in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Kazutoshi , Tani Junichi , Hironaga Michihiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstimation of the volumetric expansion ratio due to the corrosion of metals is an essential part of the safety assessment of low‐level radioactive waste disposal facilities in Japan, because such volumetric expansion can disrupt the barrier function of these facilities. In the present study, the corrosion products of iron were predicted from potential–pH diagrams and the results of a synthesis test, and the volumetric expansion ratios of the corrosion products were evaluated. Under a basic set of conditions expected at a disposal facility over a storage period of a thousand to tens of thousands of years, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and FeOOH were predicted as the major stable corrosion products of iron. The maximum volumetric expansion ratio determined from the true density of these products was 2.9, and the maximum volumetric expansion ratio, assuming the generation of voids in the corrosion products, was 3.7, which is the Pilling–Bedworth ratio of Fe(OH)2. The volumetric expansion ratio may increase in the presence of carbonate ions in a long‐term environment with a reduced pH.
Effect of GTAW remelting on the corrosion performance of AISI 316L cladding
Authors: Malhotra Dikshant , Shahi Amandeep S. , Gupta Kamal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process was used for remelting of the top clad layers of austenitic stainless steel 316L deposited on low‐carbon steel using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Different electrochemical techniques were used for assessing and comparing sensitization and pitting corrosion performance of these clads (both in the as‐welded as well as aged condition), besides comparing their passive film characteristics. Top clad layer remelting was influential upto a penetration depth of around 2.34 mm. Aging of clads at 750°C/24 hr accelerated the precipitation of carbides, which suppressed partially due to their remelting as indicated by electron probe microanalysis studies. Due to this GTAW remelted clads exhibited a relatively lesser degree of sensitization and higher pitting corrosion resistance as compared to the conventional GMAW clads. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed a relatively higher concentration of O, Cr, Ni, and Mo in the passive film of remelted clad surfaces than the conventional ones, which accounted for enhanced protectiveness of passive film on remelted surfaces as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies.
Differences of the high‐temperature corrosion of ferrite steel T92 caused by applied stresses and NaCl–Na2SO4 molten salts
Authors: Liu Zhuhan , Ning Zhiyuan , Luo Qinlan , Zhou Qulan , Li Na 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of T92 in the environment characterized by the applied stress and NaCl–Na2SO4 molten salts was studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The dissolution and precipitation of oxides in molten salts resulted in changes in the elemental distribution in corrosion scales. Moreover, the applied stress was found to accelerate the outward diffusion of Cr causing fast deformation of protective oxides because of the easy diffusion path available. On the contrary, applied stresses also compacted the corrosion layers and enlarge the gaps between layers. These two opposite effects indicate that there should be a threshold stress for corrosion relief.
Sectorial extensions for ultraholomorphic classes defined by weight functions
Authors: Jiménez‐Garrido J. , Sanz J. , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe prove an extension theorem for ultraholomorphic classes defined by so‐called Braun–Meise–Taylor weight functions ω and transfer the proofs from the single weight sequence case from V. Thilliez to the weight function setting. We are following a different approach than the results obtained in a recent paper by the authors, more precisely we are working with real methods by applying the ultradifferentiable Whitney‐extension theorem. We are treating both the Roumieu and the Beurling case, the latter one is obtained by a reduction from the Roumieu case.
All eyes on you: The social audience and hedonic adaptation
Authors: Chugani Sunaina , Irwin Julie R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarketers have a keen interest in keeping customers happy past the point of product acquisition. However, consumer happiness with products typically declines over time, a process called “hedonic adaptation.” Understanding this process is essential for managing consumers' post‐acquisition experiences, and yet marketers have not explored how the ubiquitous social environment influences hedonic adaptation. We explore the effect of a social audience (i.e., the presence of others and the perception that those others are noticing you) on adaptation to positive products using two real‐world studies and one lab study. We show that a social audience can slow hedonic adaptation by cuing consumers to believe that others are admiring their product. This perceived admiration, in turn, helps consumers see the product through fresh, unadapted eyes. These findings help clarify the role of the consumption environment in adaptation, help explain why product happiness can vary by consumer over time, and show that the effects of social forces do not always occur at the moment of product acquisition.
Recombinant expression of an l‐amino acid oxidase from the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in Pichia pastoris including fermentation
Authors: Heß Marc Christian , Bloess Svenja , Risse Joe Max , Friehs Karl , Fischer von Mollard Gabriele 
Published: September 2020

Abstractl‐amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoenzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of l‐amino acids to the corresponding α‐keto acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. Here, we show the overexpression, purification, and the characterization of LAAO4 from the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in the yeast Pichia pastoris with a 9His‐tag and compare this with the recently characterized 6His‐hcLAAO4 expressed in E. coli. The expression of the enzyme with an ER‐signal sequence in P. pastoris resulted in a glycosylated, secreted protein. The enzymatic activity without activation was higher after expression in P. pastoris compared to E. coli. Due to treatment with acidic pH, a striking increase of activity could be detected for both expression systems resulting in similar specific activities after acid activation. Regarding the substrate spectrum, temperature stability, Km, and vmax values, hcLAAO4 showed very few differences when produced in these two expression systems. A higher yield of hcLAAO4 could be obtained by fermentation.
Channelopathies Are a Frequent Cause of Genetic Ataxias Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy
Authors: Gauquelin Laurence , Hartley Taila , Tarnopolsky Mark , Dyment David A. , Brais Bernard , Geraghty Michael T. , Tétreault Martine , Ahmed Sohnee , Rojas Samantha , Choquet Karine , Majewski Jacek , Bernier François , Innes Allan Micheil , Rouleau Guy , Suchowersky Oksana , Boycott Kym M. , Yoon Grace 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCerebellar atrophy is a nonspecific imaging finding observed in a number of neurological disorders. Genetic ataxias associated with cerebellar atrophy are a heterogeneous group of conditions, rendering the approach to diagnosis challenging.ObjectivesTo define the spectrum of genetic ataxias associated with cerebellar atrophy in a Canadian cohort and the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing for this group of conditions.MethodsA total of 92 participants from 66 families with cerebellar atrophy were recruited for this multicenter prospective cohort study. Exome sequencing was performed for all participants between 2011 and 2017 as part of 1 of 2 national research programs, Finding of Rare Genetic Disease Genes or Enhanced Care for Rare Genetic Diseases in Canada.ResultsA genetic diagnosis was established in 53% of families (35/66). Pathogenic variants were found in 21 known genes, providing a diagnosis for 31/35 families (89%), and in 4 novel genes, accounting for 4/35 families (11%). Of the families, 31/66 (47%) remained without a genetic diagnosis. The most common diagnoses were channelopathies, which were established in 9/35 families (26%). Additional clinical findings provided useful clues to specific diagnoses.ConclusionsWe report on the high frequency of channelopathies as a cause of genetic ataxias associated with cerebellar atrophy and the utility of exome sequencing for this group of conditions.
Analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics in 10 Chinese individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and literature review
Authors: Liu Chen , Li Xiaoying , Cui Jing , Dong Rui , Lv Yvqiang , Wang Dong , Zhang Haiyan , Li Xiaomei , Li Zilong , Ma Jian , Liu Yi , Gai Zhongtao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder with variable multisystem involvement and genetic heterogeneity. We aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese individuals with CdLS.MethodsWe collected data regarding the neonatal period, maternal status, clinical manifestation, including facial dimorphisms and development, and follow‐up treatment for individuals diagnosed with CdLS. In individuals with suspected CdLS, high‐throughput sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and real‐time qualitative PCR were used to verify the diagnosis.ResultsVariants, including six that were novel, were concentrated in the NIPBL (70%), HDAC8 (20%), and SMC3 (10%) genes. We found two nonsense, three splicing, and two deletion variants in NIPBL; a missense variant and an absence variant in HDAC8; and a missense variant in SMC3. Eleven cardinal features of CdLS were present in more than 80% of Chinese individuals. Compared with non‐Chinese individuals of diverse ancestry, there were significant differences in the clinical characteristics of eight of these features.ConclusionSix novel pathological variants were identified; thus, the study expanded the gene variant spectrum. Furthermore, most cardinal features of CdLS found in Chinese individuals were also found in individuals from other countries. However, there were significant differences in eight clinical features.
Variable anisotropic FOV for 3D radial imaging with spiral phyllotaxis (VASP)
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Guruprasad , Smink Jouke , Tourais Joao , Breeuwer Marcel , Kouwenhoven Marc 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop a new 3D radial trajectory based on the natural spiral phyllotaxis (SP), with variable anisotropic FOV.Theory & MethodsA 3D radial trajectory based on the SP with favorable interleaving properties for cardiac imaging has been proposed by Piccini et al (Magn Reson Med. 2011;66:1049‐1056), which supports a FOV with a fixed anisotropy. However, a fixed anisotropy can be inefficient when sampling objects with different anisotropic dimensions. We extend Larson’s 3D radial method to provide variable anisotropic FOV for spiral phyllotaxis (VASP). Simulations were performed to measure distance between successive projections, analyze point spread functions, and compare aliasing artifacts for both VASP and conventional SP. VASP was fully implemented on a whole‐body clinical MR scanner. Phantom and in vivo cardiac images were acquired at 1.5 tesla.ResultsSimulations, phantom, and in vivo experiments confirmed that VASP can achieve variable anisotropic FOV while maintaining the favorable interleaving properties of SP. For an anisotropic FOV with 100:100:35 ratio, VASP required ~65% fewer radial projections than the conventional SP to satisfy Nyquist criteria. Alternatively, when the same number of radial projections were used as in conventional SP, VASP produced fewer aliasing artifacts for anisotropic objects within the excited imaging volumes.ConclusionWe have developed a new method (VASP), which enables variable anisotropic FOV for 3D radial trajectory with SP. For anisotropic objects within the excited imaging volumes, VASP can reduce scan times and/or reduce aliasing artifacts.
Biology and Ecology of Grass Carp in China: A Review and Synthesis
Authors: Zhao Yingming , Zhang Liang , Wang Chunfang , Xie Congxin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella was introduced to the southern United States in the 1960s to control aquatic macrophytes in aquaculture ponds. The accidental release of Grass Carp from some research facilities and aquaculture farms at the start of the introduction, followed by the broad promotion of stocking triploid and diploid fish, helped to facilitate the expansion of the invasive range of the species in North America. Grass Carp have recently been observed to reproduce in Lake Erie. The species has been an important food fish in China for centuries, and Chinese scientists and government agencies have accumulated a great deal of experience, knowledge, and data on Grass Carp. We review Chinese literature and provide a synthesis of the biology and ecology of Grass Carp in China, including the native geographic distribution as well as the factors that determine its reproductive success, growth, and foraging behavior. We also review the impacts of the introduction (or invasion) of Grass Carp on receiving systems and the effects of dams and pollution on Grass Carp. This review fills knowledge gaps in the Western scientific literature about Grass Carp. It provides scientific information that could be used to guide future research and management on ways to control the invasion and propagation of this species.
Linear barycentric rational collocation method for solving heat conduction equation
Authors: Li Jin , Cheng Yongling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe linear barycentric rational collocation method for solving heat conduction equation is presented. The matrix form of discrete heat conduction equation by collocation method is also obtained. With the help of convergence rate of the barycentric interpolation, the convergence rate of linear barycentric rational collocation method for solving heat conduction equation is proved. At last, several numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.