bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the molecular basis of cancer comorbidities in coronavirus infection
Authors: Facchiano Antonio , Facchiano Francesco , Facchiano Angelo 
Published: September 2020

Comorbidities in COVID‐19 patients often worsen clinical conditions and may represent death predictors. Here, the expression of five genes, known to encode coronavirus receptors/interactors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M, DPP4 and TMPRSS11D), was investigated in normal and cancer tissues, and their molecular relationships with clinical comorbidities were investigated. Using expression data from GENT2 databases, we evaluated gene expression in all anatomical districts from 32 normal tissues in 3902 individuals. Functional relationships with body districts were analyzed by chilibot. We performed DisGeNet, genemania and DAVID analyses to identify human diseases associated with these genes. Transcriptomic expression levels were then analyzed in 31 cancer types and healthy controls from approximately 43 000 individuals, using GEPIA2 and GENT2 databases. By performing receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to discriminate healthy from cancer patients. Coronavirus receptors were found to be expressed in several body districts. Moreover, the five genes were found to associate with acute respiratory syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (i.e. the most frequent COVID‐19 comorbidities). Their expression levels were found to be significantly altered in cancer types, including colon, kidney, liver, testis, thyroid and skin cancers (P < 0.0001); AUC > 0.80 suggests that TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 are relevant markers of kidney, liver, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The five coronavirus receptors are related to all main COVID‐19 comorbidities and three show significantly different expression in cancer versus control tissues. Further investigation into their role may help in monitoring other comorbidities, as well as for follow‐up of patients who have recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Adaptive controller design with prescribed performance for switched nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems with actuator failures
Authors: Ovaysi Elham , Kamali Marzieh , Javad Yazdanpanah Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the adaptive output‐feedback control of switched nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems. By introducing a novel error surface, an adaptive control strategy is proposed for the general case where the nonlinear functions and the control gain functions are unknown, and the states are unmeasurable. The considered switched nonlinear system contains unknown actuator failures, which are modeled as both loss of effectiveness and lock‐in‐place. In order to improve the transient performance in the presence of unknown actuator failures, the prescribed performance approach is used. The “explosion of complexity” problem is avoided through using low‐pass filters. The stability of the closed‐loop system under arbitrary switching is shown using Lyapunov stability theory, based on which, the tracking error is shown to converge to a small residual set with the prescribed performance bounds. The advantages of the proposed technique are verified through simulations of two numerical and practical examples.
Integration of barometric and GPS altimeters via adaptive data fusion algorithm
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz , Hacizade Ulviye , Cilden‐Guler Demet 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAn adaptive integrated navigation system, consisting of barometric altimeter (Baro) and GPS, is presented. The integration is achieved by using an adaptive data fusion algorithm with the filter gain correction. Proposed adaptive data fusion algorithm utilizes the measurement noise scale factor in order to reduce the effects of the incorrect barometric altimeter measurements on the estimation procedure. By using the algorithm, incorrect baro measurements are corrected by the system without any impact on the good estimation behavior. Performance of the proposed Baro/GPS integrated system is examined by simulations for altitude estimation of an aircraft.
Leveraging the Modularity of Biomaterial Carriers to Tune Immune Responses
Authors: Tsai Shannon J. , Black Sheneil K. , Jewell Christopher M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiomaterial carriers offer modular features to control the delivery and presentation of vaccines and immunotherapies. This tunability is a distinct capability of biomaterials. Understanding how tunable material features impact immune responses is important to improve vaccine and immunotherapy design, as well as clinical translation. Here the modularity of biomaterial properties is discussed as a means of controlling encounters with immune signals across scales—tissue, cell, molecular, and time—and ultimately, to direct stimulation or regulation of immune function. These advances are highlighted using illustrations from recent literature across infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. As the immune engineering field matures, informed design criteria could support more rational biomaterial carriers for vaccination and immunotherapy.
Single‐Atom In‐Doped Subnanometer Pt Nanowires for Simultaneous Hydrogen Generation and Biomass Upgrading
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Zhu Xiaorong , Bu Lingzheng , Shao Qi , Li Yafei , Hu Zhiwei , Chen Chien‐Te , Pao Chih‐Wen , Yang Shize , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReplacing the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a thermodynamically favorable ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is regarded as a promising approach to simultaneously realize energy‐saving H2 evolution and high‐value chemical production. Herein, the single‐atom In‐doped subnanometer Pt nanowires (SA In‐Pt NWs) as high‐performance electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and EOR under universal pH conditions is designed. The SA In‐Pt NWs/C can be employed to integrate HER with EOR to avoid the large overpotential caused by sluggish OER, which requires a smaller voltage of 0.62 V to reach 10 mA cm–2 compared with that of water splitting (2.07 V). The reaction also exhibits a high faradaic efficiency of over 93% in upgrading ethanol to valuable acetate in the anodic cell. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the combination of the ultrathin 1D morphology and single‐atom In decoration provides the maximum number of active sites and effectively activates Pt atoms for catalysis. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that doped In can effectively promote the HER, while also promoting the conversion of ethanol to acetate. Moreover, through the use of SA In‐Pt NWs/C as electrocatalysts, many other alcohols can also be employed as anodic feedstock to achieve coupled electrolysis.
Mapping the Multi‐Directional Mechanical Properties of Bone in the Proximal Tibia
Authors: Munford Maxwell J. , Ng K. C. Geoffrey , Jeffers Jonathan R. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe remodeling behavior of bone is influenced by its mechanical environment. By mapping bone's mechanical properties in detail, orthopedic implants with respect to its mechanical properties could stimulate and harness remodeling to improve patient outcomes. In this study, multiaxial apparent modulus and strength of cadaveric proximal tibial bone are mapped and predicted from computed tomography (CT) derived apparent density. Group differences are identified from testing order, subchondral depth, condyle, and sub‐meniscal bone with covariates; age and gender. Axial modulus is 50% greater than the transverse modulus. Medial axial modulus is 30% greater than the lateral side. On the lateral side, axial modulus decreases by 50% from proximal to 25 mm distal. On the medial side, axial modulus remains relatively constant. Differences are quantified for density and multiaxial modulus across all subchondral depths, and different power law relationships are provided for each location. Density explains 75% of variation when grouped by subchondral depth and condyle. Yield strength is well‐predicted across all test directions, with density predicting 81% of axial strength variation and no differences over subchondral depth. Quantified mapping of bone multiaxial modulus based on condyle and subchondral depth is shown for the first time in a clinically viable protocol using conventional CT.
Exploring Ferroelectric Switching in α‐In2Se3 for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Xiaojie , Zhang Yishu , Li Runlai , Ma Teng , Leng Kai , Chen Zhi , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, 2D ferroelectrics have attracted extensive interest as a competitive platform for implementing future generation functional electronics, including digital memory and brain‐inspired computing circuits. Fulfilling their potential requires achieving the interplay between ferroelectricity and electronic characteristics on the device operation level, which is currently lacking since most studies are focused on the verification of ferroelectricity from different 2D materials. Here, by leveraging the ferroelectricity and semiconducting properties of α‐In2Se3, ferroelectric semiconductor field‐effect transistors (FeSFETs) are fabricated and their potential as artificial synapses is demonstrated. Multiple conductance states can be induced in α‐In2Se3‐based FeSFETs by controlling the out‐of‐plane polarization, which enables the device to faithfully mimic biosynaptic behaviors. In comparison with charge‐trapping‐based three‐terminal synaptic devices, the electronic synapses based on α‐In2Se3 have the advantages of good controllability, fast learning, and easy integration of gate dielectric, rendering them promising for neuromorphic computing. In addition, an abnormal resistive switching phenomenon in α‐In2Se3 is reported when operated in the in‐plane ferroelectric switching mode. The findings pave the way forward for α‐In2Se3‐based FeSFETs for developing neuromorphic devices in brain‐inspired intelligent systems.
High‐Dynamic‐Range Pressure Mapping Interactions by Dual Piezo‐Phototronic Transistor with Piezo‐Nanowire Channels and Piezo‐OLED Gates
Authors: Jiang Chengming , Li Qikun , Sun Nan , Huang Jijie , Bi Sheng , Ji Ruonan , Guo Qinglei , Song Jinhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvanced‐performance haptic systems, with high dynamic range (DR) and high pressure sensitivity, that accurately sense the small force variations with a wide detection range are essential for robotic systems, human‐machine interactions, and medical monitoring devices. However, existing skin‐like devices, such as capacitive or electrical transistor detectors, are limited by pressure contrast or recognition accuracy, thereby blocking the development of practical engineering. In the present study, an innovative pressure mapping interaction (PMI) based on dual piezo‐phototronic transistors (DPTs) is manufactured with the capability of detecting a large pressure gradient within a wide output range for providing more tactile details. The fabricated DPT, which integrates a piezo‐nanowire channel and a piezo‐OLED gate as one module with dual enhancements of the piezo‐phototronic effect, exhibits a high DR of ≈120 dB with ≈61.2 µS kPa−1 of pressure sensitivity in the effective working region. Furthermore, by employing the diminutive DPT as the PMI pixel, the device can obtain a high position resolution of 5 µm in the optimized array structure. The methods for designing and applying the PMI demonstrate effective processes for combining the piezo‐OLED gates and the piezo‐nanowire channels, which are responsible for improving the characteristics of the pressure‐relative electrical skin and others.
Ambipolar Passivated Back Surface Field Layer for Silicon Photovoltaics
Authors: Kang Sung Bum , Park Won Jin , Jeong Myeong Hoon , Kang So‐Huei , Yang Changduk , Choi Kyoung Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe suppression of surface recombination is of primary importance for realizing efficient silicon photovoltaics, which is usually achieved by introducing passivation or back‐surface field (BSF) layers. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that self‐assembled, ferroelectric, and organic thin‐films can be used as passivating BSF layers for both n‐ and p‐type Si solar cells by switching polarization. The n‐Si/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction solar cell with the ambipolar passivated BSF exhibits an efficiency of 18.37%, which is a record‐high efficiency for organic semiconductor/n‐Si heterojunction solar cells. In addition, homojunction p‐Si solar cells with the ambipolar passivated BSF yield superior performance compared to aluminium‐BSF cells. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations reveal that the electric field due to the ferroelectric layer extends deep into the backside of Si, causing band bending and, consequently, reducing surface recombination. Moreover, the solar cell with passivated BSF maintains > 95% of its initial performance even after 1000 h of the standard damp heat test. This work endows Si‐based photovoltaics with the superior passivation and high‐performance which were previously exclusive to inorganics.
2D Fabrication of Tunable Responsive Interpenetrating Polymer Networks from a Single Photoresist
Authors: Michalek Lukas , Bialas Sabrina , Walden Sarah L. , Bloesser Fabian R. , Frisch Hendrik , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLight‐induced curing of photoresists is a well‐established technique to fabricate polymer networks with precise control over the material properties. Herein, control is exerted over network material properties of a single polymer blend through the spatiotemporally controlled incorporation of secondary polymer networks resulting in interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). Light gated control over materials properties of IPNs is assessed theoretically by applying the general rule of mixture and experimentally by using a multifunctional polymer resist. The full IPNs are formed through covalent bonds, based on photocuring of the complementary photoreactive groups o‐methyl benzaldehyde (UV light) and styrylpyrene (visible light). Applied to a spin coated polymer blend of UV light curable responsive poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and visible light curable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the developed platform technology not only affords spatial control over the curing of the pH‐swellable P4VP component from the polymer blend, but also allows adjustment of the extent of swelling by forming an IPN through subsequent curing of the PMMA component. Gated only by light irradiation of a polymer blend, it is possible to control IPN formation in 2D structures, which precisely adjusts the swelling behavior of the respective materials segments.
Modulating Surface/Interface Structure of Emerging InGaN Nanowires for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Jing , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a promising approach to convert solar energy into hydrogen. Developing active, stable, and cost‐effective semiconductors photoelectrodes is of great significance for achieving high‐efficiency and large‐scale hydrogen production. InGaN nanowires as an important candidate have gained a great upsurge in solar water splitting due to its tunable gap, high electron mobility, large active area, and excellent chemical stability. To obtain state‐of‐the‐art InGaN nanowires‐based photoelectrodes, tremendous efforts have been devoted to enhance light absorption capacity, charge carrier dynamics, and redox activity. In this review, recent advances in InGaN nanowires as photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting are comprehensively presented, with a focus on photoelectrode optimization strategies from the aspects of surface and interface structure modulation including doping engineering, energy band engineering, heterostructure engineering, and micro‐nano engineering. The representative applications of InGaN nanowires‐based PEC tandem cell are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and future development are outlined.
Interfacial Structure and Composition Managements for High‐Performance Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Shunde , Liu Zhou , Qiao Zhi , Wang Xiao , Cheng Lei , Zhai Yufeng , Xu Qiaofei , Li Zhimin , Meng Ke , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe methylammonium (MA)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn broad attention due to their excellent thermostability. However, the efficiency of these devices is inferior to most state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. Herein, the photovoltaic performance of the MA‐free PSCs is enhanced by constructing interfacial capping layers with a pair of alkylammonium halides, n‐propylammonium (PA) iodide and propane‐1,3‐diammonium (PDA) iodide. The structure and composition of the interfacial layers are comprehensively investigated and their correlation with the device performance is presented in terms of defect passivation efficacy, energy level alignment, and hydrophobicity for moisture resistance. The PSC devices based on the PAI and PDAI2 treated MA‐free perovskite films demonstrate better power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities than the reference devices without the interfacial layers. Although the PAI‐treated devices exhibit the highest PCE of 21.1%, the PDAI2‐treated PSCs demonstrate the exceptional thermal and humidity stabilities.
Recent Advances and Optimization Strategies on the Electrolytes for Hard Carbon and P‐Based Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Liying , Shi Shanshan , Roy Swagata , Yin Xiuping , Liu Wenbo , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) and P‐based materials (including red phosphorus, black phosphorus, and metal phosphides) represent the most promising anodes for the commercialization of sodium ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of SIBs is determined not only by the structure of electrode materials, but it is also highly dependent on the matched electrolyte. In this review, the optimization, the matching strategies and the advanced characterization techniques of the electrolytes system for HCs and P‐based anodes are discussed based on the recent advance. The effective optimization strategies are summarized from three aspects: sodium salts, solvents, and additives. The challenges and perspectives are also discussed in this review.
A Click Chemistry Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Photoinitiators for Two‐Photon Polymerization
Authors: Henning Irene , Woodward Adam W. , Rance Graham A. , Paul Benjamin T. , Wildman Ricky D. , Irvine Derek J. , Moore Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is reported that efficient photoinitiators, suitable for two‐photon polymerization, can be obtained using the copper catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction. This click chemistry strategy provides a modular approach to the assembly of photoinitiators that enables the rapid variation of key fragments to produce photoinitiators with desirable properties. To assess the performance of the first‐in‐class photoinitiators generated by this approach, a screening method is developed to enable the rapid determination of polymerization and damage thresholds in numerous photoresists during two‐photon polymerization. The degree of consumption of vinyl groups (DC) and homogeneity of the polymerization are further assessed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Finally, more complex structures are fabricated to demonstrate that the efficient two‐photon polymerization of stable 3D microarchitectures can be achieved using triazole‐based photoinitiators.
Inkjet Printing of Perovskites for Breaking Performance–Temperature Tradeoffs in Fabric‐Based Thermistors
Authors: Li Shujie , Kosek Alex , Jahangir Mohammad Naim , Malhotra Rajiv , Chang Chih‐Hung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel low‐temperature route is developed for inkjet printing of the perovskite Cs2SnI6, to create wearable negative‐temperature‐coefficient thermistors with unprecedented performance on thermally sensitive fabrics. A low processing temperature of 120 °C is achieved by creating a stable and printable ink using binary metal iodide salts, which is thermally transformed into dense Cs2SnI6 crystals after printing. The optimally printed Cs2SnI6 shows a temperature measurement range up to 120 °C, high sensitivity (4400 K), and temperature coefficient of resistivity (0.05 °C−1), and stability under ambient environmental conditions and bending. The approach breaks a critical tradeoff that has hindered wearable fabric‐based thermistors by enabling damage‐free fabrication of devices with commercially comparable performance, evincing significant applications in multifunctional textiles and beyond.
Jamming Skins that Control System Rigidity from the Surface
Authors: Shah Dylan S. , Yang Ellen J. , Yuen Michelle C. , Huang Evelyn C. , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerous animals adapt their stiffness during natural motions to increase efficiency or environmental adaptability. For example, octopuses stiffen their tentacles to increase efficiency during reaching, and several species adjust their leg stiffness to maintain stability when running across varied terrain. Inspired by nature, variable‐stiffness machines can switch between rigid and soft states. However, existing variable‐stiffness systems are usually purpose‐built for a particular application and lack universal adaptability. Here, reconfigurable stiffness‐changing skins that can stretch and fold to create 3D structures or attach to the surface of objects to influence their rigidity are presented. These “jamming skins” employ vacuum‐powered jamming of interleaved, discrete planar elements, enabling 2D stretchability of the skin in its soft state. Stretching allows jamming skins to be reversibly shaped into load‐bearing, functional tools on‐demand. Additionally, they can be attached to host structures with complex curvatures, such as robot arms and portions of the human body, to provide support or create a mold. We also show how multiple skins can work together to modify the workspace of a continuum robot by creating instantaneous joints. Jamming skins thus serve as a reconfigurable approach to creating tools and adapting structural rigidity on‐demand.
Microfluidic Biomaterials
Authors: Tien Joe , Dance Yoseph W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince their initial description in 2005, biomaterials that are patterned to contain microfluidic networks (“microfluidic biomaterials”) have emerged as promising scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering and related applications. This class of materials is characterized by the ability to be readily perfused. Transport and exchange of solutes within microfluidic biomaterials is governed by convection within channels and diffusion between channels and the biomaterial bulk. Numerous strategies have been developed for creating microfluidic biomaterials, including micromolding, photopatterning, and 3D printing. In turn, these materials have been used in many applications that benefit from the ability to perfuse a scaffold, including the engineering of blood and lymphatic microvessels, epithelial tubes, and cell‐laden tissues. This article reviews the current state of the field and suggests new areas of exploration for this unique class of materials.