bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased level of cathelicidin (LL‐37) in vitiligo: Possible pathway independent from vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism
Authors: Atazadeh Fatemeh , Fazeli Zahra , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Namazi Nastaran , Younespour Shima , Youssefian Leila , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Uitto Jouni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVitiligo is a multifactorial skin disease with established role of genetics and autoimmunity in its pathogenesis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been suggested to correlate with risk of vitiligo in some ethnic populations. On the other hand, cathelicidin, one of the innate immune system components, has a role in development of some chronic skin diseases and VDR regulates the expression of cathelicidin. We aimed to determine the plasma level of cathelicidin and its association with the VDR gene polymorphisms as well as plasma vitamin D level in patients with vitiligo. Ninety vitiligo patients and 90 non‐vitiligo controls participated in this study. Blood levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and cathelicidin were determined with ELISA. Genotyping for VDR polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI and BsmI) was done with RFLP‐PCR method. Mean blood level of cathelicidin was significantly higher in vitiligo patients as compared to controls (P < .0001). Mean blood level of vitamin D was significantly lower in patients than controls (P = .01). Statistically significant differences were not observed for both genotype and allele frequencies of BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. There was a borderline increased risk of vitiligo in over‐dominant model of FokI polymorphism with OR = 1.8 and P = .051. Our findings was suggestive of the potential role of cathelicidin in the pathogenesis of vitiligo; however, future evaluations are needed to determine its precise mechanism. Genetic study of VDR gene polymorphism was suggestive of increased risk of vitiligo in association with a FokI polymorphism in Iranian population.
Intrapopulation variability in a functional trait: Susceptibility ofDaphniato limitation by dietary fatty acids
Authors: Ilić Maja , Cordellier Mathilde , Fink Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFunctional traits are measurable characteristics of an organism that have an impact on its fitness. Variation in functional traits between and among species has been suggested to represent the basis for competition and selection, thus allowing for evolution in natural populations.In freshwater ecosystems, the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs, determines the food quality of phytoplankton for the herbivorous zooplanktonDaphnia, an unselective filter feeder. The content of such essential PUFAs in the phytoplankton is thus a functional phytoplankton trait affecting the trophic transfer efficiency and dynamics at the pelagic plant–herbivore interface.In turn, the susceptibility of consumers to become limited by the availability of essential PUFAs is a fitness‐determining trait ofDaphniagenotypes, and variability of this herbivore trait may thus affect the daphnids’ intrapopulation competition. To estimate the intrapopulation variation in susceptibility, we isolated clonal lines ofDaphnia longispinafrom a natural population and compared the strength of their limitation by dietary PUFA availability via standardised laboratory growth assays. We used a liposome supplementation technique to enrich a PUFA‐poor green alga with essential ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs and determined juvenile somatic growth rate of differentD. longispinagenotypes as a fitness proxy.As expected,D. longispinagenotypes that coexisted in a natural population differed markedly in their specific patterns of susceptibility to dietary PUFA availability. On average, theD. longispinapopulation was more strongly susceptible to limitations in the availability of the ω6‐PUFA arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) than to limitations in the availability of ω3‐PUFAs α‐linolenic acid (18:3ω3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3).The ability to cope with PUFA limitation is thus a crucial trait that can probably affect intraspecific competition andDaphniapopulation structure. Therefore, we suggest that such intrapopulation variation in susceptibility to absence of dietary PUFAs might be one of the driving forces of natural selection and local adaptation among freshwater zooplankton.
Intravascular albumin loss is strongly associated with plasma volume withdrawal in dialysis patients
Authors: Haider Thomas , Diaz‐Canestro Candela , Pentz Brandon , Montero David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionLow circulating albumin closely predicts mortality in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The cause(s) of hypoalbuminemia (hALB) in ESRD patients remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of plasma volume (PV) withdrawal in the reduction of total circulating albumin and essential blood solutes induced by hemodialysis (HD).MethodsPV determined with high‐precision automated carbon monoxide‐rebreathing, total circulating as well as concentration of plasma albumin and electrolytes were assessed prior to and after 4‐hour HD in 10 ESRD patients.FindingsBaseline PV ranged from 3.5 to 6.2 l. After HD, PV was decreased by 689 ± 566 mL (−16%) (P = 0.004). Total circulating albumin was largely reduced after HD (170.8 ± 35.1 vs. 146.1 ± 48.9 g, P = 0.008), while albumin concentration was unaltered. According to a strong linear relationship (r = 0.91, P < 0.001), one‐third of total circulating albumin is lost from the intravascular compartment for every liter of PV removed. Similar results were found regarding Na+ and Ca2+ electrolytes.DiscussionTotal circulating albumin, but not albumin concentration, is substantially reduced by HD in proportion to the amount of PV removed from the circulation. This study highlights the potential contributing role of PV withdrawal to hALB in ESRD patients.
Identifying Outcome Measures for Migraine Value‐Based Contracting Using the Delphi Method
Authors: Swart Elizabeth C. S. , Good Chester B. , Henderson Rochelle , Manolis Chronis , Yanta Claire , Parekh Natasha , Neilson Lynn M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo identify meaningful migraine outcome measures among key stakeholders to inform value‐based contracts for migraine medications.BackgroundValue‐based contracts linking medication payments to predefined performance metrics aim to promote value through aligned incentives and shared risk between manufacturers and payers. The emergence of new and expensive pharmaceuticals for migraine presents an opportunity for value‐based contract development. However, uncertainty remains around which outcomes are most meaningful to all migraine stakeholders.MethodsThis study utilized a Delphi survey to incorporate views from 82 stakeholders, including patients (n = 21), providers (n = 23), payers (n = 10), employers (n = 18), and pharmaceutical company representatives (n = 10). A list of 15 migraine‐related outcomes was created from a literature review and subject matter expert consultation. Stakeholders reported on the value of these outcomes through a 5‐point Likert scale and selection of their top 3 most meaningful outcomes. All participants except patients and employers also used a 5‐point Likert scale to rate the feasibility of collecting each outcome measure. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement on the importance and feasibility of an outcome (Likert scores ≥4/5 or selection of an outcome as most meaningful).ResultsAfter 2 rounds, consensus was achieved for importance of 9 outcomes on the Likert scale. “Decrease in migraine frequency” reached 100% agreement (82/82), followed by “increased ability to resume normal activities” (96%, 79/82). When asked to choose the 3 most meaningful outcomes, stakeholders selected “decrease in migraine frequency” (88%, 72/82) followed by “decrease in migraine severity” (80%, 66/82). The 2 measures rated as most feasibly collected were “decrease in emergency department/urgent care visits” (95%, 40/42) and “decrease in migraine frequency” (90%, 38/42). There were statistically significant differences between non‐patient and patient stakeholders in selection of “decrease in emergency department/urgent care visits” [20% (12/61) vs 0% (0/21), P = .031]; and employer and patient stakeholders in selection of “decrease in work days missed” [44% (8/18) vs 5% (1/21), P = .006] and “decrease in emergency department/urgent care visits” [22% (4/18) vs 0% (0/21), P = .037] as most meaningful outcomes.ConclusionsThe measures “decrease in migraine frequency” followed by “decrease in migraine severity” were identified as top priority migraine outcome measures.
TRADE ASSOCIATIONS: WHY NOT CARTELS?
Authors: Levine David K. , Mattozzi Andrea , Modica Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relevance of special interests lobbying in modern democracies can hardly be questioned. But if large trade associations can overcome the free riding problem and form effective lobbies, why do they not also threaten market competition by forming equally effective cartels? We argue that the key to understanding the difference lies in supply elasticity. The group discipline, which works in the case of lobbying, can be effective in sustaining a cartel only if increasing output is sufficiently costly—otherwise the incentive to deviate is too great. The theory helps organizing a number of stylized facts within a common framework.
Towards an ergonomic linguistics: Application to the design of controlled natural languages
Authors: Condamines Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article proposes to define a “new” discipline within applied linguistics: ergonomic linguistics. The article addresses issues concerning language use within organizations, focusing on human‐oriented controlled natural languages (CNLs) whose role is to limit the problems encountered with natural language, in professional contexts in particular. An ergonomic linguistics approach involves first taking into account real linguistic productions and analyzing them with corpus linguistics methods, and then evaluating the efficacy of linguists’ recommendations using cognitive evaluation or acceptance tests. Two projects concerning human‐oriented CNLs that adopt an ergonomic linguistics approach are presented, the first in the space domain and the second in aeronautics.
Older workers and poor performance: Examining the association of age stereotypes with expected work performance quality
Authors: Petery Gretchen A. , Wee Serena , Dunlop Patrick D. , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated how age‐based worker stereotypes correspond with attributes of expected work performance. Participants (N = 220) rated 86 stereotypical descriptors of older (e.g., ‘resistant to change’) and younger workers (e.g., ‘savvy with technology’). Each descriptor was rated on both the extent that it was a common stereotype about younger (vs. older) workers, and characteristic of good (vs. poor) expected work performance. Ratings revealed stereotypes that were strongly associated with both a worker age group and with work performance quality, offering an explanatory mechanism for how candidates’ ages might influence judgments around personnel selection. A table of the paired age/performance ratings is provided to encourage the development of less age‐biased recruitment and selection materials.
Informal dementia caregivers’ experiences and perceptions about mealtime care: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Li Yijing , Sun Dan , Zhang Xu , Li Huanhuan , Zhao Yingnan , Ma Dongfei , Li Zehui , Sun Jiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo systematically identify, evaluate and synthesize the available qualitative evidence on the mealtime care experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis using the Thomas and Harden method.Data SourcesAll qualitative and mixed‐method studies in English and Chinese were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, CNKI, WanFang, and Vip from the inception of each database until November 2019.Review MethodsTwo researchers independently selected the studies using qualitative assessment and review instruments for quality evaluation and thematic synthesis for the data analysis.ResultsTen studies were chosen for this review. The analytical themes identified included injecting a new element, moving forward in the challenge and external supports facilitating better coping.ConclusionCommunity nurses should effectively use resources to provide food‐related information and services to families with dementia. Future research should combine informal caregiver experiences and clinical skills to develop high‐quality interventions to improve the quality of mealtimes.ImpactThe findings established that informal caregivers experienced not only changes in their roles and concerns but also emotional changes. Informal caregivers develop different coping strategies to adapt to feeding issues without professional support. Although informal caregivers attach great importance to mealtimes and nutrition issues, they experience a lack of information and support services. Community nurses can provide more economical, practical, and accessible information resources based on informal caregivers’ perceptions of mealtime care. Future interventions need to be more aware of the importance of dyad or family‐centred support services.
Patterns of behaviour in nursing staff actioning the afferent limb of the rapid response system (RRS): A focused ethnography
Authors: Smith Duncan , Cartwright Martin , Dyson Judith , Hartin Jillian , Aitken Leanne M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo improve understanding of afferent limb behaviour in acute hospital ward settings, to define and specify who needs to do what differently and to report what afferent limb behaviours should be targeted in a subsequent multi‐phase, theory‐based, intervention development process.DesignFocused ethnography was used including direct observation of nursing staff enacting afferent limb behaviours and review of vital signs charts.MethodsAn observation guide focused observation on “key moments” of the afferent limb. Descriptions of observations from between 7 January 2019–18 December 2019 were recorded in a field journal alongside reflexive notes. Vital signs and early warning scores from charts were reviewed and recorded. Field notes were analysed using structured content analysis. Observed behaviour was compared with expected (policy‐specified) behaviour.ResultsObservation was conducted for 300 hr. Four hundred and ninety‐nine items of data (e.g., an episode of observation or a set of vital signs) were collected. Two hundred and eighty‐nine (58%) items of data were associated with expected (i.e. policy‐specified) afferent limb behaviour; 210 (42%) items of data were associated with unexpected afferent limb behaviour (i.e. alternative behaviour or no behaviour). Ten specific behaviours were identified where the behaviour observed deviated (negatively) from policy or where no action was taken when it should have been. One further behaviour was seen to expedite the assessment of a deteriorating patient by an appropriate responder and was therefore considered a positive deviance.ConclusionAfferent limb failure has been described as a problem of inconsistent staff behaviour. Eleven potential target behaviours for change are reported and specified using a published framework.ImpactClear specification of target behaviour will allow further enquiry into the determinants of these behaviours and the development of a theory‐based intervention that is more likely to result in behaviour change and can be tested empirically in future research.
The impact of rainforest area reduction in the Guineo‐Congolian region on the tempo of diversification and habitat shifts in the Berlinia clade (Leguminosae)
Authors: de la Estrella Manuel , Cervantes Sandra , Janssens Steven B. , Forest Félix , Hardy Olivier J. , Ojeda Dario I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe Guineo‐Congolian region in Africa constitutes the second largest area of tropical rainforest (TRF) in the world. It covered an estimated 15–22 million km2 during the late Miocene (55–11 Ma) and it has experienced since a declining trend, currently reaching 3.4 million km2, associated with increasing aridification and the replacement of TRF by savanna habitats. Here, we examine whether rainforest area contraction led to a decrease in net diversification rates linked to increasing extinction, or if it is associated with increasing opportunities for allopatric or ecological speciation during periods of forest fragmentation.LocationTropical Africa, Guineo‐Congolian region.TaxonAnthonotha, Englerodendron, Berlinia clade (Leguminosae).MethodsWe used a target enrichment approach combined with a complete data set representing all genera within the Berlinia clade. We combined phylogenomic, dating estimates, habitat reconstruction and diversification rate analyses to infer the effect of change in rainforest area coverage at two taxonomic levels: among genera, and within Anthonotha and Englerodendron.ResultsWe recovered fully resolved and well‐supported relationships among all genera and among species within the two genera. Most genera (87.5%) diverged before the Pleistocene, but Anthonotha and Englerodendron diversified recently, during the most recent cycles of forest contraction and expansion of the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that the Berlinia clade displays an overall trend of accumulation of species over evolutionary time, suggesting the reduction in TRF area has not decreased net diversification rates. Most habitat shifts to savanna occurred in the Miocene, with no major habitat shifts during the most recent phases of forest expansion–contraction in the Pleistocene. Shifts in habitat from lowland forest to savanna did not trigger diversification rates, but habitat fragmentation might have increased diversification rates through allopatric speciation.
Remifentanil up‐regulates HIF1α expression to ameliorate hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury via the ZEB1/LIF axis
Authors: Zhou Rongsheng , Li Shuang , Mei Xiaopeng , Jiang Tao , Wang Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIschaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced hepatic injury is regarded as a main reason of hepatic failure after transplantation or lobectomy. The current study aimed to investigate how the opioid analgesic remifentanil treatment affects I/R‐induced hepatic injury and explore the possible mechanisms related to HIF1α. Initially, an I/R‐induced hepatic injury animal model was established in C57BL/6 mice, and an in vitro hypoxia‐reoxygenation model was constructed in NCTC‐1469 cells, followed by remifentanil treatment and HIF1α silencing treatment. The levels of blood glucose, lipids, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in mouse serum were measured using automatic chemistry analyser, while the viability and apoptosis of cells were detected using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. Our results revealed that mice with I/R‐induced hepatic injury showed higher serum levels of blood glucose, lipids, ALT and AST and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, and lower HIF1α and ZEB1 expression (P < .05), which were reversed after remifentanil treatment (P < .05). Besides, HIF1α silencing increased the serum levels of blood glucose, lipids, ALT and AST (P < .05). Furthermore, hypoxia‐induced NCTC‐1469 cells exhibited decreased HIF1α and ZEB1 expression, reduced cell viability, as well as increased LIF expression and cell apoptosis (P < .05), which were reversed by remifentanil treatment (P < .05). Moreover, HIF1α silencing down‐regulated ZEB1 expression, decreased cell viability, and increased cell apoptosis (P < .05). ZEB1 was identified to bind to the promoter region of LIF and inhibit its expression. In summary, remifentanil protects against hepatic I/R injury through HIF1α and downstream effectors.
One‐ versus two‐stage crown lengthening surgical procedure for aesthetic restorative purposes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: González‐Martín Oscar , Carbajo Georgina , Rodrigo Marta , Montero Eduardo , Sanz Mariano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a two‐stage crown lengthening intervention (SCL) in the aesthetic zone compared with a one‐stage crown lengthening procedure (CCL).Materials and methodsThirty subjects were randomly assigned to either SCL (n = 15) or CCL (n = 15) groups. SCL consisted of full‐thickness flaps followed by bone recontouring and gingivectomy 4 months postoperatively, if required. In CCL, osseous recontouring after submarginal incisions was performed, followed by flap repositioning. Records were obtained at baseline, 4 months (only in SCL), 6 months and 12 months. Primary outcome was the precision in achieving a pre‐determined gingival margin position. Other outcomes considered were changes in the gingival margin position and keratinized tissue width (KTW) at 12 months, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs).ResultsSurgical precision was comparable between groups (0.2 ± 0.4 mm in the CCL group and −0.2 ± 0.5 mm in the SCL group). Four patients in the SCL group (27.7%) did not require a second‐stage surgery. KTW was significantly higher in the SCL group (6.3 ± 1.4 mm versus 5.0 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.017). SCL resulted in a lower impact on quality of life when compared to the CCL group.ConclusionsBoth approaches were highly accurate obtaining the desired crown length. SCL was associated with a lower reduction in KTW and more favourable oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐14).
Female preference for dominant males in the Mexican mojarra cichlid fish, Cichlasoma istlanum
Authors: Castillo Yuritzi , Arce Elsah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is widely assumed that female preference and male competition operate simultaneously during sexual selection. Dominance is likely an honest indicator of male quality, and females can identify and choose the dominant male to reproduce with individuals with greater competitive abilities, thus improving the quality and competitiveness of their offspring. In this context, few studies have investigated female preference in relation to male fighting ability. The Mexican mojarra, Cichlasoma istlanum, is a cichlid species native to the Balsas River basin. It is territorial during reproduction and provides parental care. Males commonly engage in territorial defence, whereas females care directly for offspring. This study examined whether females prefer dominant males that exhibit more aggressive behaviour. The authors conducted experiments using groups of two males and one female to test competitive ability in males and female preference. They also quantified the time during which the female associated with the dominant male and the subordinate male after observing the outcome of a fight between the two males. They found that Mexican mojarra females preferred dominant males and that the time females spent associating with males was positively related with their aggressive behaviours during competition. These results indicate that dominant males were more attractive than subordinate males to female Mexican mojarra. The relationship between female preference and male dominance in the Mexican mojarra demonstrates the importance of male competitive ability for future parental care in reproduction.