bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of durable electrical isolation in the setting of second‐generation cryoballoon ablation: A comparison between left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior pulmonary veins
Authors: Scala Oriana , Borio Gianluca , Paparella Gaetano , Varnavas Varnavas , Ströker Erwin , Guimaraes Osorio Thiago , Terasawa Muryo , Sieira Juan , Maj Riccardo , Rizzo Alessandro , Al‐Hosari Maysam M. , Galli Alessio , Brugada Pedro , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian‐Battista 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess specific per‐vein procedural predictors of pulmonary vein (PV) late reconnection in cryoballoon ablation (CbA)Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 148 consecutive patients undergoing a redo procedure after a previous index CbA in our center. A reconnection in at least one PV was found in 80 patients (54.1%) and the most frequently reconnected PV was the right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV). Overall, pulmonary vein reconnection (PVr) was associated with longer time to −40°C (Tt−40°C) (54.4 ± 21.7 vs 67.6 ± 27.6 seconds; P < .001), warmer nadir temperature (NT) (−49.7°C ± 5.4°C vs −46.5°C ± 5.8°C; P < .001) and temperature at 60 seconds (−41.8°C ± 4.5°C vs −39.8°C ± 4.2°C; P < .001). The performance of these predictors differed between the veins. In particular, a comparable behavior was observed for left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) and right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), where NT ≤ −48°C showed a sensibility and a specificity, respectively, of 62% and 65% and 71% and 72% in predicting durable PV isolation. For RIPV, NT ≤ −48°C showed a sensitivity of 74% but low specificity (53%). Tt −40°C less than 60 seconds showed good negative predictive values, respectively, 83.9% for LSPV, 94.9% for left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), 90.2% for RSPV, and 82.7% for RIPV. Previous predictors cannot be used for LIPV.ConclusionsFreezing behavior and reconnection rates differ significantly among the four PVs. Freezing temperature parameters strongly predict late PVr in superior PVs and are slightly different in RIPV but can be applied as well. LIPV freezing behavior is the most different. Its reconnection is uncommon even in the subset of worse freezing temperatures and specific CB predictors cannot be identified.
An hypoxia‐tolerant flatfish: consequences of sustained stress on the slender sole Lyopsetta exilis (Pleuronectidae) in the context of a changing ocean
Authors: Tunnicliffe Verena , Gasbarro Ryan , Juanes Francis , Qualley Jessica , Soderberg Nicole , Chu Jackson W. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSlender sole Lyopsetta exilis is an abundant groundfish on the continental shelf and inner waters of British Columbia, Canada, where it reaches a maximum standard length of 44 cm. Benthic image surveys coupled with oxygen measurements in Saanich Inlet document a dense population in bottom conditions near anoxia (0.03 ml l−1 oxygen) where diel migrating zooplankton intersect the bottom; we confirm this species is a planktivore, which limits its depth range to the base of the migration layer. In a comparison with slender sole from a nearby well‐oxygenated habitat, several probable effects of living in severe hypoxia emerge: both sexes are significantly smaller in Saanich and the sex ratio is male‐skewed. Otoliths from the Saanich fish were difficult to read due to many checks, but both sexes were smaller at age with the largest female (20 cm) from the hypoxia zone registering 17 years. Hypoxia appears to have a direct consequence on growth despite good food supply in this productive basin. Hyperventilation, a low metabolic rate and a very low critical oxygen tension help this fish regulate oxygen uptake in severely hypoxic conditions; it will be particularly resilient as the incidence of hypoxia increases on the continental shelf. Data from small‐mesh bottom‐trawl surveys over four decades reveal an increase in mean annual catch per unit effort in southern regions of the province, including the outer shelf and the Strait of Georgia. The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton database records a general decline in fish larvae on the Oregon–California shelf since 1990, but slender sole larvae are increasing there, as they are in the Strait of Georgia. We project that the slender sole will gain relative benefits in the future warming, deoxygenated northeast Pacific Ocean.
Oral health status of children with epilepsy in Hong Kong
Authors: Yeung Patricia M. , Wong Virginia C. N. , McGrath Colman P. , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. , Lee Gillian H. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study assessed and compared the oral health status, dental trauma experience and oral health habits of children with and without epilepsy.MethodsThirty‐five children with epilepsy aged 3‐18 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinics of 2 university‐affiliated district hospitals. A sample of 35 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy children was recruited as controls. Clinical data on caries, gingival health, oral hygiene level and dental trauma were collected and compared between the groups. Information about children’s oral health habits and reported dental trauma experience were obtained by structured questionnaire.ResultsChildren with epilepsy had significantly poorer gingival health than healthy controls. No significant differences in dental caries experience, oral hygiene level, dental trauma experience, oral health habits and dental care service utilization were observed between the children with and without epilepsy. Among the children with epilepsy, those taking more than 1 antiepileptic drug had a greater prevalence of dental caries when compared with those receiving mono‐antiepileptic drug therapy. The presence of gingival hyperplasia indicated poorer gingival health in epileptic children.ConclusionThe study shows that children with epilepsy had poorer oral health status in terms of gingival health than those without epilepsy.
MRI‐Based Manual versus Automated Corpus Callosum Volumetric Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Platten Michael , Martola Juha , Fink Katharina , Ouellette Russell , Piehl Fredrik , Granberg Tobias 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECorpus callosum atrophy is a neurodegenerative biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Manual delineations are gold standard but subjective and labor intensive. Novel automated methods are promising but require validation. We aimed to compare the robustness of manual versus automatic corpus callosum segmentations based on FreeSurfer.METHODSNine MS patients (6 females, age 38 ± 13 years, disease duration 7.3 ± 5.2 years) were scanned twice with repositioning using 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging on three scanners (two 1.5 T and one 3.0 T), that is, six scans/patient, on the same day. Normalized corpus callosum areas were measured independently by a junior doctor and neuroradiologist. The cross‐sectional and longitudinal streams of FreeSurfer were used to segment the corpus callosum volume.RESULTSManual measurements had high intrarater (junior doctor .96 and neuroradiologist .96) and interrater agreement (.94), by intraclass correlation coefficient (P < .001). The coefficient of variation was lowest for longitudinal FreeSurfer (.96% within scanners; 2.0% between scanners) compared to cross‐sectional FreeSurfer (3.7%, P = .001; 3.8%, P = .058) and the neuroradiologist (2.3%, P = .005; 2.4%, P = .33). Longitudinal FreeSurfer was also more accurate than cross‐sectional (Dice scores 83.9 ± 7.5% vs. 78.9 ± 8.4%, P < .01 relative to manual segmentations). The corpus callosum measures correlated with physical disability (longitudinal FreeSurfer r = –.36, P < .01; neuroradiologist r = –.32, P < .01) and cognitive disability (longitudinal FreeSurfer r = .68, P < .001; neuroradiologist r = .64, P < .001).CONCLUSIONSFreeSurfer's longitudinal stream provides corpus callosum measures with better repeatability than current manual methods and with similar clinical correlations. However, due to some limitations in accuracy, caution is warranted when using FreeSurfer with clinical data.
Persistent Microembolic Signals in the Cerebral Circulation on Transcranial Doppler after Intravenous Sulfur Hexafluoride Microbubble Infusion
Authors: Aarli Sander Johan , Novotny Vojtech , Thomassen Lars , Kvistad Christopher Elnan , Logallo Nicola , Fromm Annette 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMicroembolic signals (MES) are detectable by transcranial Doppler monitoring and associated with increased risk of first or recurrent ischemic stroke. MES detection can also illuminate stroke etiology and the effect of prophylactic treatment. MES detection cannot accurately distinguish between stroke‐related microemboli and ultrasound contrast agents. These agents contain microbubbles and are frequently used in neuro‐ and cardiovascular diagnostics. We aimed to assess how long after contrast infusion microbubbles are detectable by transcranial Doppler monitoring.METHODSTen healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of stabilized sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue®) for 30 minutes. The infusion was followed by continuous unilateral Doppler monitoring (TCD‐X, Atys Medical, Soucieu‐en‐Jarrest, France) for 3.5 hours.RESULTSMES persisted for 12 to 77 minutes (median 40.5 minutes), and the frequency tended to decrease gradually until cessation.CONCLUSIONSNone of the subjects had detectable MES for more than 77 minutes after ultrasound contrast infusion. MES detection with the intent to detect stroke‐related microemboli should wait for at least this long after completed infusion.
The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Cinnamomi ramulus: a review
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Qing , Li Ruo-Lan , Wei Shu-Jun , Huang Chun-Yan , Gao Yong-Xiang , Pu Xu-Feng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Cinnamomi ramulus (called Guizhi in Chinese) is a traditional medicine used to treat gastrointestinal dysfunction, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, spleen deficiency, Alzheimer’s disease and obesity. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the geographical distribution, botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and other aspects of Cinnamomi ramulus.

Key finding
So far, more than 121 chemical compounds have been isolated from Cinnamomi ramulus, including volatile oil, organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids and polysaccharides. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects of Cinnamomi ramulus on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, antipyretic and analgesic, antidiabetic and antiplatelet aggregation effects. Furthermore, the present review also indicates that Cinnamomi ramulus has the potential to develop into drugs for treating various diseases with high efficacy and low toxicity.

Summary
The convictive evidence from modern pharmacology research supports the traditional application of Cinnamomi ramulus. However, further studies on the structure–activity relationship of some of the isolated compounds may improve their biological potency. More toxicological studies will also contribute to the progress of clinical trial studies.
Melatonin duration gates photoperiodic vocal state change in a songbird
Authors: Harpole Clifford E. , Miles Meredith D. , Cassone Vincent M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeasonally breeding animals concentrate courtship to a particular time of year such that their offspring will be reared in a favorable environment. In house sparrows, Passer domesticus, primary (gonads) and secondary (song, plumage, beak color, etc) sexual characteristics are expressed differentially depending on the photoperiod. Removal of the pineal gland (PINX) has no effect on seasonal rhythms in gonad size but alters the photostimulated increase in vocal rate and complexity. Administration of long durations of melatonin, indicative of short days of winter, prevents seasonal recrudescence of song control nuclei in photostimulated house sparrows. In this study, male PINX house sparrows were exposed to three durations of melatonin, while vocalization and locomotor behavior were recorded as they were transitioned from short photoperiod to equinoctial photoperiods of spring. Birds receiving short duration melatonin or vehicle control increased dawn and dusk choruses as well as call complexity. Long durations of melatonin prevented this expansion to a spring‐like vocal state observed in birds receiving the short duration of melatonin or vehicle control. The daily distribution of locomotor activity, beak color, and testis size was unaffected by treatment. Vocal state change was defined by our measures in two capacities: (i) increased dawn and dusk choruses, and (ii) an increase in calls associated with territory and mate attraction compared to the winter‐like “social song.” We conclude that house sparrows use the calendar information provided by melatonin duration to control seasonal vocalization behavior, independent of effects on and of the gonads.
Being in a Seclusion Room: The Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients’ Perspective
Authors: Askew Louise , Fisher Paul , Beazley Peter 
Published: November 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

Existing qualitative research has found inpatient service users to experience seclusion as highly distressing, with feelings of vulnerability, abuse and neglect often featuring in participants’ accounts.

The physical environment of the seclusion room and the interaction with clinical staff shape service users’ personal seclusion experience.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

The majority of research on this topic focuses on seclusion within other restrictive practices. This paper provides new knowledge on one specific component of seclusion, the experience of being in the room, and draws attention to the specific psychological needs of service users during that aspect of their experience.

This research provides new knowledge by exclusively exploring forensic inpatients’ experience of the seclusion room, an under researched and often stigmatized population.

What are the implications to practice

The findings support the need for a caring and non‐threatening therapeutic interaction with a secluded service user for the duration of time they are in the seclusion room.

The findings suggest that necessary nursing procedures, such as observations, should be carried out discretely and sensitively to avoid service users feeling abused and frightened.

AbstractIntroductionContemporary qualitative research has explored service users’ experience of seclusion and has found it to be a highly distressing and potentially traumatizing experience for service users. The majority of the existing literature has researched seclusion within the context of other restrictive practices, resulting in findings that can only be considered an overview of the experience. The studies also rarely access participants with histories of considerable violence and imprisonment.QuestionWhat is forensic psychiatric inpatients’ experience of being in a seclusion room?MethodSeven inpatients in a medium secure hospital were interviewed, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour superordinate themes were identified: “intense fear,” ‘not getting the care I needed,” ‘I am being abused” and “power struggle.”DiscussionWhile participants were in the seclusion room, they experienced extreme fear. Staff interaction played a considerable role in shaping the participants’ experience. Staff actions were interpreted as neglectful and abusive. Participants experienced struggling for power with staff, seeking out power when left in a powerless position.Implications for practiceThese findings suggested that a carefully tailored therapeutic interaction is required during seclusion in order to safeguard the mental health of forensic inpatients.
High rate of hepatitis C reinfection following antiviral treatment in the North East England Prisons
Authors: Bhandari Rajan , Morey Sarah , Hamoodi Abi , Thompson Craig , Jones Dee , Hewett Margaret , Hunter Ewan , Taha Yusri , McPherson Stuart 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo achieve elimination of hepatitis C (HCV), a critical group to prioritise for diagnosis and treatment is the prison population, where HCV prevalence is high. A universal offer of blood‐borne virus testing (UOBBVT) programme and a new treatment pathway were introduced to seven North East England (NEE) Prisons. Our aim was to assess: (a) the proportion of individuals with active HCV commencing direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs); (b) the outcomes following DAA treatment; (3) the reinfection rate following sustained virological response (SVR).Data were collected prospectively on BBVT uptake, HCV positivity, HCV treatment outcomes and reinfection from March 2016 onwards. 8538 individuals had BBV testing. In total, 612 (7.2%) and 374 (4.4%) were HCV antibody positive and HCV RNA positive, respectively. Ultimately, 266 (71%) individuals commenced DAAs. Overall 111 achieved a documented SVR (42%), 17 (6%) failed treatment, 30 (11%) were still on treatment or had not reached 12 weeks post‐treatment at time of analysis, and 108 (41%) were lost to follow‐up. In those with a known outcome (n = 128), 87% achieved SVR. Worryingly, of those who achieved SVR, 21 (19%) were subsequently identified as having been reinfected (median time from SVR to documented reinfection 13 (range 7‐25) months). The reinfection rate was 0.406 cases per person‐year follow‐up. In conclusion, Implementation of a UOBBVT programme and new treatment pathway resulted in increased diagnosis and treatment of HCV in the NEE prison population. However, the high HCV reinfection rate suggests a need to improve harm reduction approaches.
Automated classification of indoor environmental quality control using stacked ensembles based on electroencephalograms
Authors: Kim Jimin , Kim Hakpyeong , Hong Taehoon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aims to develop an automated classification of indoor air quality control using the machine learning based on an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Two experiments were conducted: The first aimed to select an EEG channel based on the brain wave indices when the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) changes. We then extract the brain wave indices’ feature when the subjects conduct adaptive behaviors and predict the IEQ condition control using machine learning including the stacked ensembles. The extracted features were classified using base estimators such as distributed random forest, gradient boosting machine (GBM), generalized linear models (GLMs), deep neural network, and new predicted data were retrained and predicted by metalearner (i.e., GLM). In Dimension 1, the air conditioning system and the air ventilation system, and the area under curve (AUC) of the proposed stacked ensembles trained by base estimators was the highest, 0.9038. In Dimension 2, turning on and turning off, the AUC of the GBM is the highest, 0.8384. Based on these results, the EEG signal can be used to suggest an automatic IEQ control model that can then reduce the drowsiness, and increase attention.
An in vitro DNA phosphorothioate modification reaction
Authors: Pu Tianning , Mei Zhiling , Zhang Wei , Liang Wei‐Jun , Zhou Xiufen , Liang Jingdan , Deng Zixin , Wang Zhijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphorothioation (PT) involves the replacement of a nonbridging phosphate oxygen on the DNA backbone with sulfur. In bacteria, the procedure is both sequence‐ and stereo‐specific. We reconstituted the PT reaction using purified DndCDE from Salmonella enterica and IscS from Escherichia coli. We determined that the in vitro process of PT was oxygen sensitive. Only one strand on a double‐stranded (ds) DNA substrate was modified in the reaction. The modification was dominant between G and A in the GAAC/GTTC conserved sequence. The modification between G and T required the presence of PT between G and A on the opposite strand. Cysteine, S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) and the formation of an iron‐sulfur cluster in DndCDE (DndCDE‐FeS) were essential for the process. Results from SAM cleavage reactions support the supposition that PT is a radical SAM reaction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) promoted the reaction but was not essential. The data and conclusions presented suggest that the PT reaction in bacteria involves three steps. The first step is the binding of DndCDE‐FeS to DNA and searching for the modification sequence, possibly with the help of ATP. Cysteine locks DndCDE‐FeS to the modification site with an appropriate protein conformation. SAM triggers the radical SAM reaction to complete the oxygen‐sulfur swapping.
Ty‐1, a universal resistance gene against geminiviruses that is compromised by co‐replication of a betasatellite
Authors: Voorburg Corien M. , Yan Zhe , Bergua‐Vidal Maria , Wolters Anne‐Marie A. , Bai Yuling , Kormelink Richard 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus, causes large yield losses and breeding for resistance is an effective way to combat this viral disease. The resistance gene Ty‐1 codes for an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and has recently been shown to enhance transcriptional gene silencing of TYLCV. Whereas Ty‐1 was earlier shown to also confer resistance to a bipartite begomovirus, here it is shown that Ty‐1 is probably generic to all geminiviruses. A tomato Ty‐1 introgression line, but also stable transformants of susceptible tomato cv. Moneymaker and Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) expressing the Ty‐1 gene, exhibited resistance to begomoviruses as well as to the distinct, leafhopper‐transmitted beet curly top virus, a curtovirus. Stable Ty‐1 transformants of N. benthamiana and tomato showed fewer symptoms and reduced viral titres on infection compared to wild‐type plants. TYLCV infections in wild‐type N. benthamiana plants in the additional presence of a betasatellite led to increased symptom severity and a consistent, slightly lowered virus titre relative to the high averaged levels seen in the absence of the betasatellite. On the contrary, in Ty‐1 transformed N. benthamiana viral titres increased in the presence of the betasatellite. The same was observed when these Ty‐1‐encoding plants were challenged with TYLCV and a potato virus X construct expressing the RNA interference suppressor protein βC1 encoded by the betasatellite. The resistance spectrum of Ty‐1 and the durability of the resistance are discussed in light of antiviral RNA interference and viral counter defence strategies.
Carnap and Quine on analyticity: The nature of the disagreement
Authors: Hylton Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe difference between Carnap and Quine over analyticity is usually thought to turn on a disagreement as to whether there is a notion of meaning, or rules of language, which enable us to define that idea. This paper argues that the more important disagreement is epistemological. Quine came to accept a notion of analyticity. That leaves him in a position somewhat like Putnam's in ‘The Analytic and the Synthetic’: that there is a notion of analyticity, but that it is of no philosophical importance. But their reasons for thinking analyticity unimportant are quite different: for Putnam it is because all analytic truths are trivial; for Quine, the notion of analyticity itself is unimportant. I contrast Putnam's position with that of Carnap, and also contrast Carnap and Quine. Analyticity only has the force that it has for Carnap because he accepts the Principle of Tolerance, the idea that changes within a language and changes of language are subject to justification in different senses. Quine rejects that idea. That is why he does not take analyticity to be philosophically important or useful.