bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired One Cell Culture Isolates Highly Tumorigenic and Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells Capable of Multilineage Differentiation
Authors: Wang Hai , Agarwal Pranay , Jiang Bin , Stewart Samantha , Liu Xuanyou , Liang Yutong , Hancioglu Baris , Webb Amy , Fisher John P. , Liu Zhenguo , Lu Xiongbin , Tkaczuk Katherine H. R. , He Xiaoming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare cancer cells that are postulated to be responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. However, CSCs are difficult to isolate and poorly understood. Here, a bioinspired approach for label‐free isolation and culture of CSCs, by microencapsulating one cancer cell in the nanoliter‐scale hydrogel core of each prehatching embryo‐like core–shell microcapsule, is reported. Only a small percentage of the individually microencapsulated cancer cells can proliferate into a cell colony. Gene and protein expression analyses indicate high stemness of the cells in the colonies. Importantly, the colony cells are capable of cross‐tissue multilineage (e.g., endothelial, cardiac, neural, and osteogenic) differentiation, which is not observed for “CSCs” isolated using other contemporary approaches. Further studies demonstrate the colony cells are highly tumorigenic, metastatic, and drug resistant. These data show the colony cells obtained with the bioinspired one‐cell‐culture approach are truly CSCs. Significantly, multiple pathways are identified to upregulate in the CSCs and enrichment of genes related to the pathways is correlated with significantly decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Collectively, this study may provide a valuable method for isolating and culturing CSCs, to facilitate the understanding of cancer biology and etiology and the development of effective CSC‐targeted cancer therapies.
Influence of height on likelihood of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings in 27 post‐communist countries
Authors: Habibov Nazim , Auchynnikava Alena , Luo Rong , Fan Lida 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe study the influence of height on labour market outcomes using micro‐data from a recent survey that cover 27 post‐communist countries. Specifically, we focus on the influence of height on three dimensions of labour market outcome: (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings.MethodsWe use micro‐data from 2016 Life‐In‐Transition survey (LITS) which was jointly conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. We run several types of regression to show how height influences (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings.ResultsWhen controlling for a comprehensive set of covariates, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 1% points for males and by 3 for females. Equally, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 2% points in urban areas and rural areas. Our findings demonstrate that taller women and men are more likely: (a) being an employer rather than an employee; (b) to be employed in higher‐paid and more prestigious sectors of finance, insurance, and real estate; (c) to be employed in private enterprises. Finally, when occupational sorting and socio‐demographics are controlled for, a 10 cm increase in height results in a 5% increase in earning for men, and a 12% increase in earnings for women.ConclusionsUsing a diverse sample of 27 post‐communist countries, we found that taller individuals have better labour market outcomes in terms of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings.
Age‐stratified longitudinal study of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia patients
Authors: Jørgensen Isabella Friis , Aguayo‐Orozco Alejandro , Lademann Mette , Brunak Søren 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionSimilar symptoms, comorbidities and suboptimal diagnostic tests make the distinction between different types of dementia difficult, although this is essential for improved work‐up and treatment optimization.MethodsWe calculated temporal disease trajectories of earlier multi‐morbidities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and vascular dementia (VaD) patients using the Danish National Patient Registry covering all hospital encounters in Denmark (1994 to 2016). Subsequently, we reduced the comorbidity space dimensionality using a non‐linear technique, uniform manifold approximation and projection.ResultsWe found 49,112 and 24,101 patients that were diagnosed with AD or VaD, respectively. Temporal disease trajectories showed very similar disease patterns before the dementia diagnosis. Stratifying patients by age and reducing the comorbidity space to two dimensions, showed better discrimination between AD and VaD patients in early‐onset dementia.DiscussionSimilar age‐associated comorbidities, the phenomenon of mixed dementia, and misdiagnosis create great challenges in discriminating between classical subtypes of dementia.
Discovery of a Dual Function Cytochrome P450 that Catalyzes Enyne Formation in Cyclohexanoid Terpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Yu‐Rong , Naresh Annavareddi , Liang Suh‐Yuen , Lin Chun‐Hung , Chein Rong‐Jie , Lin Hsiao‐Ching 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 1,3‐enyne moiety is commonly found in cyclohexanoid natural products produced by endophytic and plant pathogenic fungi. Asperpentyn (1) is a 1,3‐enyne‐containing cyclohexanoid terpenoid isolated from Aspergillus and Pestalotiopsis. The genetic basis and biochemical mechanism of 1,3‐enyne biosynthesis in 1, and other natural products containing this motif, has remained enigmatic despite their potential ecological roles. Identified here is the biosynthetic gene cluster and characterization of two crucial enzymes in the biosynthesis of 1. A P450 monooxygenase that has a dual function, to first catalyze dehydrogenation of the prenyl chain to generate a cis‐diene intermediate and then serve as an acetylenase to yield an alkyne moiety, and thus the 1,3‐enyne, was discovered. A UbiA prenyltransferase was also characterized and it is unusual in that it favors transferring a five‐carbon prenyl chain, rather than a polyprenyl chain, to a p‐hydroxybenzoic acid acceptor.
Isoreticular Linker Substitution in Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks with Through‐Space Transport Pathways
Authors: Xie Lilia S. , Park Sarah S. , Chmielewski Michał J. , Liu Hanyu , Kharod Ruby A. , Yang Luming , Campbell Michael G. , Dincă Mircea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe extension of reticular chemistry concepts to electrically conductive three‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been challenging, particularly for cases in which strong interactions between electroactive linkers create the charge transport pathways. Here, we report the successful replacement of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with a nickel glyoximate core in a family of isostructural conductive MOFs with Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. Different coordination environments of the framework metals lead to variations in the linker stacking geometries and optical properties. Single‐crystal conductivity data are consistent with charge transport along the linker stacking direction, with conductivity values only slightly lower than those reported for the analogous TTF materials. These results serve as a case study demonstrating how reticular chemistry design principles can be extended to conductive frameworks with significant intermolecular contacts.
Differentiation of ring‐substituted regioisomers of cathinone analogs by supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Segawa Hiroki , Kusakabe Kosuke , Ishii Ayumu , Kato Noriyuki , Iwata Yuko T. , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kuwayama Kenji , Tsujikawa Kenji , Kanamori Tatsuyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVarious new psychoactive substances, such as cathinone and its analogs, possess similar chemical structures. Accurate identification of structurally similar drugs of abuse is important in forensic drug analysis. Chromatographic differentiation is a powerful analytical technique for this purpose. In this study, we applied supercritical fluid chromatography to differentiate ring‐substituted regioisomers of six synthetic cathinone analogs (fluoro‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, methyl‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, methoxy‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, fluoro‐α‐pyrrolidinooctanophenone, fluoropentedrone, and fluorooctedrone). The examined cathinone analogs were weakly retained on the stationary phase (possessing diol functional group) and eluted quickly. We optimized the conditions to retain the examined cathinone analogs to achieve sufficient separation, and found that the types of functional groups on the stationary phase greatly affected the retention and separation. Systematic examination of the chromatographic conditions showed that the two stationary phases possessing anthracene and pentafluorobenzyl groups had good separation capabilities for the examined 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐regioisomers of six cathinone analogs, which had different skeletal structures. Interestingly, the two stationary phases showed different selectivities, and alteration of the elution order was observed. The developed method was validated and its discrimination ability was investigated by measuring mass spectra and absorption spectra. Supercritical fluid chromatography‐ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy/mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique for differentiation of ring‐substituted cathinone analogs.
Intraoperative Irrigation: Fluid Administration and Management Amidst Conflicting Evidence
Authors: Lindahl Sandra B. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTSurgeons use irrigation during open cavity procedures to improve their view of the patient's anatomy and to reduce the patient's risk of infection. However, there are no standard guidelines that recommend a specific type of fluid, additive, or volume of irrigation to use during open procedures. Intraoperative hypothermia can occur if irrigation fluids have not been warmed or have cooled before use, causing adverse patient outcomes. In addition, failing to manage (eg, measure and document) fluid volume accurately may affect clinical decision making and cause other complications. Perioperative personnel should evaluate new technologies that may improve the efficiency and accuracy of irrigation temperature and volume measurements. More research is needed to develop standardized practice guidelines for intraoperative irrigation and fluid management.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of resveratrol derivatives with anti‐breast cancer activity
Authors: Yang Mei‐Fang , Yao Xu , Chen Li‐Mei , Gu Jin‐Ying , Yang Ze‐Hua , Chen Hong‐Fei , Zheng Xing , Zheng Zi‐Tong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResveratrol is a natural phytoestrogen produced by plants to protect themselves from injury, UV irradiation, and fungal attack. The main active structure is E‐resveratrol, which has many pharmacological activities. As the structure of resveratrol is similar to the natural estrogen 17β‐estradiol and the synthetic estrogen E‐diethylstilbestrol, resveratrol is used in reducing the incidence of breast cancer. However, the therapeutic application of resveratrol is limited due to its low bioavailability. To improve its bioavailability and pharmacological activity, some resveratrol derivatives have been designed and synthesized by substitutions of methoxy, hydroxyl, and other functional groups or heterocyclic esterification either on the “A” or “B” ring, and double bonds were replaced by imine bonds and isometric heterocycles such as naphthyl and imidazole, or synthetic resveratrol oligomers. The structures, synthetic routes, and evaluation of the biological activities of these compounds are discussed. These are aimed at providing some references for the study of resveratrol derivatives in anti‐breast cancer treatment.
Association of High Serum Interleukin‐6 Levels With Severe Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Increased Treatment Response Differentiating Sarilumab From Adalimumab or Methotrexate in a Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Boyapati Anita , Schwartzman Sergio , Msihid Jérôme , Choy Ernest , Genovese Mark C. , Burmester Gerd R. , Lam Gordon , Kimura Toshio , Sadeh Jonathan , Weinreich David M. , Yancopoulos George D. , Graham Neil M. H. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe development of biomarkers to guide treatment decisions is a major research focus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have elevated interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels; however, the utility of IL‐6 as a predictor of treatment response is unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate, by post hoc analysis, whether baseline IL‐6 levels are predictive of sarilumab treatment responses in 2 phase III studies.MethodsSerum IL‐6 concentrations were measured in patients with RA prior to receiving sarilumab 200 mg (n = 148) or adalimumab 40 mg (n = 152) every 2 weeks (in the MONARCH trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02332590) or sarilumab 150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg, or placebo every 2 weeks plus methotrexate (MTX) (n = 401, n = 396, and n = 397, respectively) (in the MOBILITY trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01061736). Efficacy and patient‐reported outcomes were compared between and within groups according to IL‐6 tertile using linear and logistic regression.ResultsIn MONARCH, patients with high baseline IL‐6 levels (all ≥3 times the upper limit of normal; n = 100) had higher disease activity at baseline than those with low IL‐6 levels (n = 100). The magnitude of clinical improvement over 24 weeks with sarilumab versus adalimumab was greater in patients with high compared to those with low baseline IL‐6 levels. In MOBILITY, compared to patients with low IL‐6 levels (n = 397), patients with high IL‐6 levels (n = 398) had higher disease activity and joint damage at baseline, were more likely to have joint progression, and had less clinical improvement over 52 weeks’ treatment with placebo plus MTX compared to sarilumab 150 mg or 200 mg plus MTX. Baseline IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels were both predictive of outcomes. Safety profiles were similar between defined IL‐6 tertiles.ConclusionIL‐6 may be a prognostic marker of disease progression and severity, and patients with high IL‐6 levels may be likely to benefit from sarilumab compared to adalimumab or MTX. Prospective validation is warranted to confirm the results of these post hoc analyses.
Information behavior and social control: Toward an understanding of conflictual information behavior in families managing chronic illness
Authors: Brown Lindsay K. , Veinot Tiffany C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe relationship between information and control interests social scientists; however, much prior work has focused on organizations rather than families. Work on interactive information behaviors has also focused on organizations and on collaboration rather than conflict. Therefore, in families managing chronic illness, we investigated information behaviors in the context of health‐related social control and the impact of control on patient health behavior. We conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 38 family groups and 97 individuals over 2 years. Findings revealedconflictual information behavior, which led to competitions for control and influence between family members and patients. In response to perceived patient health behavior‐related problems, family members sought, shared, and used information for social control of patients by enforcing norms, leveraging expertise, performing surveillance, and structuring the environment. These behaviors clashed with patients' interests and perspectives drawn from their own information acquisition. Patients responded by assessing family‐presented information and using information to resist or appease norm enforcement, refute or agree with expertise, and permit or block surveillance. Over time, some patient behaviors changed; alternatively, patients blocked family access to information about themselves, or family members retreated. The results challenge presumptions of benefit and harmony that have characterized much prior information behavior research.
The importance and future of biochemical engineering
Authors: Whitehead Timothy A. , Banta Scott , Bentley William E. , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Chan Christina , Clark Douglas S. , Hoesli Corinne A. , Jewett Michael C. , Junker Beth , Koffas Mattheos , Kshirsagar Rashmi , Lewis Amanda , Li Chien‐Ting , Maranas Costas , Terry Papoutsakis E. , Prather Kristala L. J. , Schaffer Steffen , Segatori Laura , Wheeldon Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToday's Biochemical Engineer may contribute to advances in a wide range of technical areas. The recent Biochemical and Molecular Engineering XXI conference focused on “The Next Generation of Biochemical and Molecular Engineering: The role of emerging technologies in tomorrow's products and processes”. On the basis of topical discussions at this conference, this perspective synthesizes one vision on where investment in research areas is needed for biotechnology to continue contributing to some of the world's grand challenges.
Body surface area, height, and body fat percentage as more sensitive risk factors of cancer and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Si Shucheng , Tewara Marlvin A. , Ji Xiaokang , Wang Yongchao , Liu Yanxun , Dai Xiaoyu , Wang Zhiheng , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have compared the association between various physical measurements and the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aim to explore the best‐individualized indicators of cancer and CVD risk assessment.MethodsFrom May 2004 to December 2017, a community‐based cohort in China involving 100 280 participants were enrolled. BMI, height, body surface area (BSA), and body fat percentage (BFP) were compared in parallel about cancer and CVD risk with the multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsWithin the follow‐up period, 3107 (3.10%) were diagnosed with cancer and 3721 (3.71%) had CVD. Per‐level increased (in tertile: T1, T2, and T3 level) BSA, height, and BFP was positively associated with the risk of overall cancer [HR (95% CI): 1.10 (1.05‐1.15), 1.12 (1.07‐1.18), and 1.10 (1.03‐1.16), respectively], whereas BMI was insignificant. Compared with the reference group (T2), the highest BSA level (T3) was positively associated with overall cancer incidence for both male [HR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.13‐1.45)] and female [HR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.00‐1.28)]. The BSA, height, and BFP also significantly associated with some site‐specific cancers including thyroid, stomach, breast, urinary system, and skin cancer. Meanwhile, BFP presented a strong positive association with overall CVD [HR (95% CI): 1.22 (1.15‐1.30) in trend] in both gender and associated with nearly all CVD subtypes especially the myocardial infarction and heart failure.ConclusionBSA, height, and BFP have more sensitivity in assessing cancer risk and BFP shows the largest hazard ratios for CVD incident. We provided valuable evidence for the application of height, BSA, and BFP in routine healthcare practice. These encouraging findings should be tested in more well‐defined studies for risk prediction.
Neuroprotective potential of choline alfoscerate against β‐amyloid injury: Involvement of neurotrophic signals
Authors: Catanesi Mariano , d'Angelo Michele , Antonosante Andrea , Castelli Vanessa , Alfonsetti Margherita , Benedetti Elisabetta , Desideri Giovambattista , Ferri Claudio , Cimini Annamaria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease represents the most prevalent neurodegeneration worldwide, clinically characterized by cognitive and memory impairment. New therapeutic approaches are extremely important to counteract this disorder. This research is focused on the potential use of choline alfoscerate in preventing neuronal death using in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease, representing the early stage of the disease, treated before or after the insult with glycerylphosphorylcholine. On the light of the results collected, we can postulate that choline alfoscerate, by the activation of the neurotrophin survival pathway, was able to counteract the detrimental effect of β‐amyloid in both in vitro models, reducing apoptotic cell death and preserving the neuronal morphology.
Origin of Ferromagnetism and Magnetic Anisotropy in a Family of Copper(II) Triangles
Authors: Mathivathanan Logesh , Rogez Guillaume , Ben Amor Nadia , Robert Vincent , Raptis Raphael G. , Boudalis Athanassios K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPreviously reported ferromagnetic triangles (NnBu4)2[Cu3(μ3‐Cl)2(μ‐4‐NO2‐pz)3Cl3] (1), (PPN)2[Cu3(μ3‐Cl)2(μ‐pz)3Cl3] (2), (bmim)2[Cu3(μ3‐Cl)2(μ‐pz)3Cl3] (3) and newly reported (PPh4)2[Cu3(μ3‐Cl)2(μ‐4‐Ph‐pz)3Cl3] (4) were studied by magnetic susceptometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and ab initio calculations to assess the origins of their ferromagnetism and of the magnetic anisotropy of their ground S=3/2 state (PPN+=bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium, bmim+=1‐butyl‐3‐methylbenzimidazolium, pz−=pyrazolate). Ab initio studies revealed the d
character of the magnetic orbitals of the compressed trigonal bipyramidal copper(II) ions. Ferromagnetic interactions were attributed to weak orbital overlap via the pyrazolate bridges. From the wavefunctions expansions, the ratios of the magnetic couplings were determined, which were indeterminate by magnetic susceptometry. Single‐crystal EPR studies of 1 were carried out to extend the spin Hamiltonian with terms which induce zero‐field splitting (zfs), namely dipolar interactions, anisotropic exchange and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMI). The data were treated through both a giant‐spin model and through a multispin exchange‐coupled model. The latter indicated that ≈62 % of the zfs is due to anisotropic and ≈38 % due to dipolar interactions. The powder EPR data of all complexes were fitted to a simplified form of the multispin model and the anisotropic and dipolar contributions to the ground state zfs were estimated.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Nitron: Self‐Activated and Chemically Addressable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers with Triazolone Structural Motif
Authors: Amit Einav , Berg Iris , Gross Elad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a unique molecular platform for the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various surfaces. However, active carbene formation requires deprotonation of imidazolium salt precursors, which is mostly facilitated by exposure of the salt to exogenous base. Base residues were found to be adsorbed on the metal surface and hindered the formation of well‐ordered carbene‐based monolayers. Herein, we show that nitron, a triazolone‐based compound that freely tautomerizes to a carbene, can spontaneously self‐assemble into monolayers on Pt and Au surfaces, which obviates the necessity for base‐induced deprotonation for active carbene formation. SAMs of nitron were found to be thermally stable and could not be displaced by thiols, and thus their high chemical stability was demonstrated. The amino group in surface‐anchored nitron was shown to be chemically available for SN2 reactions, and makes surface‐anchored nitron a chemically addressable cross‐linking reagent for surface modifications.
She shares, but he does not: Gender differences in the sharing of charity‐related content on social networking sites
Authors: Guo Wenxia , Main Kelley J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOnline social networks are widely used methods of communication. This research examines gender differences in people's tendency to post charity‐related messages. In general, compared to males, females show more empathic concerns with online charity‐related messages, which increases their willingness to post messages on their online social networking sites. However, message framing is key. Females' higher tendency only holds for charity messages that focus on benefits to others or the feelings of others, not for messages that are self‐focused. This research also identifies one way of improving men's willingness to post. Messages that are framed by focusing on negative consequence appeals can increase empathic concerns, which can increase males' willingness to share online charity messages on online social networking sites.