bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the possible Immunomodulatory and Neuroprotective effects of γ-irradiated basil (Ocimum basilicum) against arsenic toxicity in rats
Authors: Osman Nadia N. , Amjad Batoul S , Ghazwani Aishah H. , Balamash Khadijah S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In view of the widespread incidence of arsenic poisoning around the world, it was necessary to study this phenomenon and analyze it to find out how to treat it through the application of alternative medicine, which has spread its use significantly in the world using herbs and plants. Gamma irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment of food and herbal materials is increasingly recognized throughout the world by improving their hygienic quality. The aims of this study to evaluate the therapeutic effect of raw or irradiated basil on rats exposed to arsenic toxicity. Basil was irradiated by gamma rays at dose 10 KGy. Forty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups as follows group-1: Control group, group-2: received 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of basil, group-3: received 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of irradiated basil, group- 4: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution, group- 5: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution and 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of basil, and group- 6: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution and 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of irradiated basil. At the end of the experiment (5 weeks), the rats were sacrificed, blood and brain tissue samples were subjected to estimate of the following: CBC, inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, and IL6), immunoglobulin markers (IgA, IgG, IgM), and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant in brain tissue (MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH). The results showed a rise in the antioxidant of basil after the irradiation process. The arsenic caused a significant decreased in levels of HB, RBC, LYM, NEU and PLT, while the increased levels of WBC and reticulocyte count as compared to the control group. Also, the rats exposed to arsenic showed a significant increase in inflammatory markers, immunoglobulin markers in serum, and oxidative stress accompanied with significant decreased in antioxidant in the brain. In contrast, the administration of basil extract along with arsenic was a helpful factor in alleviation of these side effects. In conclusion, our findings showed that the irradiation process enhanced antioxidants in basil plants. Furthermore, basil has ability to attenuated arsenic toxicity.
Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer District, North West Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Wasihun Yosef , Yayehrad Mengistu , Dagne Samuel , Menber Yonatan , Awoke Tadesse , Nega Girma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major public health Problem worldwide and its epidemic is occurring in populations where malnutrition is already endemic. Ethiopia is among the countries most affected by under nutrition and HIV epidemic in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of under nutrition and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer Woreda, North West Ethiopia.Methods and Materials: Institution based cross sectional study design was used and conducted from May 01–30/2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects and the data was collected using clinical assessment, measurements and interviewer administered questionnaire. To identify independent predictors of under nutrition of adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p-value < 0. 05.Result: Three hundred fifty HIV/AIDS on ART patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of under nutrition was 26.9% and females were most affected 57 (18.1%). Anti-retroviral treatment duration of 6-11months and 12–24 months (AOR = 4.72, 95% CI, 1.10-20.35) and (AOR = 6.93, 95% CI, 1.614–29.754) respectively, WHO Stage two and three (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI,1.061–8.534) and (AOR = 12.56, 95% CI, 4.27–36.99) respectively and dietary counseling (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI, .05-.78) were significantly associated with under nutrition.Conclusion and Recommendation: Undernutrition was high in PLWHA and on ART. ART duration, WHO clinical staging, presence of eating problem and dietary counselling were the predictors for under nutrition of HIV patients on ART. Only increasing access to ART can’t solve problem of under nutrition, therefore nutrition therapy and support, site expansion also as an accessory to the initiation of ART should be considered.
Autophagic Flux Impairment Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Diabetes Through Atg5/LAMP2 Cleavage by Calpains
Authors: Guan Lichun , Yu Ziqin , Che Zhimei , Zhang Hang , Yu Yong , Yang Dicheng , Chen Ruizhen , Yu Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which has negative effects on cardiac revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This study focused on the role of autophagic flux in regulating susceptibility of STZ-induced diabetic heart to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We established STZ-induced diabetes mice and perform I/R process by coronary artery ligation, and neonatal mice cardiomyocytes culture subjected to high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). Results: Diabetic heart was more sensitive to I/R injury. Autophagic flux, represented by TEM, relative LC3Ⅱ changes under CQ intervention and P62 expression, was impaired in diabetic hearts and deteriorated during subsequent I/R. Calpains were activated in diabetic I/R heart, and the inhibition of calpains partially rescued autophagic flux, cardiac function, and cell death. The expression of autophagic flux related proteins Atg5 and LAMP2 decreased significantly in diabetic I/R heart. Further studies suggested that calpain could cleave Atg5 and LAMP2, and generate cleaved fragments, which might be reversed by calpain inhibition. Inhibition of calpain，or in company with overexpression of Atg5 and LAMP2 , could reduce myocardial injury in diabetic heart subject to I/R. But overexpression of Atg5 alone could worsen the I/R injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 and LAMP2 accounts for the impaired autophagic flux which increases the susceptibility to myocardial I/R injury in experimental diabetic mice.
Diet-cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index (DCHI) - a Novel, Comprehensive Index for Children; Rational and Development
Authors: Shanbhog Raghavendra , HP Chanchala , KT Srilatha , B Madhushree , SN Manjunatha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Tailored, realistic dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. Appropriate diet analysis forms the bases for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, a very few tools are available for researchers or clinicians to assess children’s diet, as it relates to caries risk. To best of our knowledge an index that helps clinician to reduce composite diet dairy information to a simple quantifiable interpretation is lacking. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in prevention of Dental caries.Methods:A team comprised of specialist from Division of Pediatric dentistry, Community medicine and Diet and Nutrition along with a pilot parent-child population of number 50 were involved in initial structuring of Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index. To obtain cut off values for cariogenicity of diet score a study was carried out with sample of 774 children correlating diet dairy with caries status. The receiver operating characteristic curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied for statestical analysis.Results:Receiver Operating Characteristic curves plotted was 22.5 for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95.Conclusions:The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively so as to guide the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification.
A novel seven-microRNA signature predicts prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Shengying , Xie Xiaoli , Jiang Hui-Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal carcinoma, primarily colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA), is one of the most common malignancies, ranking third, while contributing the second cause of cancer death in the world. MicroRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA, play an important role in regulating cancer-related cell biology. To simply and accurately predict survival risk for CRA patients, we identified a novel seven-miRNA signature. The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles along with clinical data of 512 CRA patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and 415 patients with complete clinical information were further divided into training set and test set randomly. To construct the prognostic signature in the training set, a series of Cox regression analyses were performed, including univariate regression, least absolute shrinkage and selectionator operator (LASSO) - Cox regression, and multivariate regression. Results Seven predictive miRNAs (miR-153-2, miR-3199-2, miR-144, miR-887, miR-561, miR-3684, and miR-505) were ultimately screened. The ROC curves for 5-year survival in the training set, test set and entire set were 0.889, 0.742, and 0.816, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis results of the three sets all showed p <0.05. Further analyses demonstrated that the signature was an independent prognostic risk factor for CRA patients, and its predictive ability was superior to age and TNM stage. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that p53 and ErbB pathways were related to the prognostic regulation of miRNAs in the signature in CRA patients.Conclusion Our study demonstrated the potential of this novel seven-miRNA signature to independently predict overall survival in patients with CRA. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed the possible regulatory role of miRNAs in the signature in CRA-related cell biological processes and signaling pathways.
Perioperative Diabetes Insipidus: Report of two unusual cases
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Zubair Muhmmad , Nawaz Shoaib , Awan Zia , zeeshan Qazi , Marcus Lance 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare clinical condition in the post-operative period. Post-surgery polyuria is a common finding, as body excretes the excessive fluid given during surgery. It is important to diagnose and differentiate the DI from post-operative polyuria, as DI can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. We report two unusual cases of perioperative DI requiring desmopressin therapy. Case1: A 46-year-old healthy male patient developed intraoperative DI leading to hypernatremia during the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI). After two hours of surgery, patient became polyuric and was passing diluted urine. He received desmopressin and hydration. Patient recovered, was transferred to the ward and discharged home without any clinical or neurological problems. Case2: 36 years healthy male patient underwent elective 3rd ventricular cyst excision. Pre-anaesthesia assessment did not reveal any comorbidities and the surgery was uneventful. His anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil TCI (target-controlled infusion). In the post-operative period, he developed DI requiring hydration and desmopressin. Patient’s further recovery was uneventful. He was discharged home through ward. Conclusion: The occurrence of DI in above mentioned surgeries is very rare. Both surgical procedure and anaesthesia medications can cause perioperative DI.
Long-Term Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Tree Functional Diversity, Trait Composition and Aboveground Biomass.
Authors: Borges Érica Rievrs , Pyles Marcela Venelli , Bueno Marcelo Leandro , Santos Rubens Manoel dos , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite , Oliveira-Filho Ary Teixeira de 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Community composition on fragmented forest remnants has been shown to diverge from their natural successional path, revealing an alternative state which has been known as retrogressive succession. Here we show the long-term monitoring of a small forest fragment concerning community structure, species richness, functional diversity and composition throughout 17 years to offer a means to generalize community performance under the impacts of forest fragmentation. Results: The adult tree community showed shifts on its functional composition: reduction in species’ maximum height and percentage of simple leaves, indicating an investment in resource-acquisitive and disturbance adapted traits. However, we also found a gradual increase in wood density throughout the years for the adult community. For the overall community, functional composition analysis indicated a gradual reduction in the percentage of simple leaves and a significant increase in aboveground biomass. The decrease in Hmax and simple leaves, especially for the adult tree community, are mostly related do microenvironmental conditions caused by edge effects, as desiccation and tree canopy damage.Conclusion: Our results show that natural regeneration is being negatively affected, except for aboveground biomass. Although these findings could have resulted from a transient dynamic, they constitute a warning to future conservation policies around the ecological integrity of small forest fragments.
Priming with intranasal lactobacilli prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia in mice.
Authors: FANGOUS Marie-Sarah , Gosset Philippe , Galakhoff Nicolas , Gouriou Stéphanie , Guilloux Charles-Antoine , Payan Christopher , Vallet Sophie , Héry-Arnaud Geneviève , Berre Rozenn Le 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Increasing resistance to antibiotics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to therapeutic deadlock and alternative therapies are needed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus clinical isolates in vivo, through intranasal administration on a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.Results : We screened in vitro 50 pulmonary clinical isolates of Lactobacillus for their ability to decrease the synthesis of two QS dependent-virulence factors (elastase and pyocyanin) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1.Two blends of three Lactobacillus isolates were then tested in vivo: one with highly effective anti-PAO1 virulence factors properties (blend named L.rff for L. rhamnosus, two L. fermentum strains), and the second with no properties (blend named L.psb, for L. paracasei, L. salivarius and L. brevis). Each blend was administered intranasally to mice 18h prior to PAO1 pulmonary infection. Animal survival, bacterial loads, cytological analysis, and cytokines secretion in the lungs were evaluated at 6 or 24h post infection with PAO1. Intranasal priming with both lactobacilli blends significantly improved 7-day mice survival from 12% for the control PAO1 group to 71% and 100% for the two groups receiving L.rff and L.psb respectively. No mortality was observed for both control groups receiving either L.rff or L.psb. Additionally, the PAO1 lung clearance was significantly enhanced at 24h. A 2-log and 4-log reduction was observed in the L.rff+PAO1 and L.psb+PAO1 groups respectively, compared to the control PAO1 group. Significant reductions in neutrophil recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion were observed after lactobacilli administration compared to saline solution, whereas IL-10 production was increased. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that intranasal priming with lactobacilli acts as a prophylaxis, and avoids fatal complications caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. These results were independent of in vitro anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity on QS-dependent virulence factors. Further experiments are required to identify the immune mechanism before initiating clinical trials.
TRAIP functions as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma via Rb/EZH2/p21 signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Rong-Zhen , Li Qiu-Li , Zhang Mei-Fang , Zhang Peng-Wei , Shen Huimin , Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP) has been identified as a master regulator of DNA damage and implicated in the progression of human cancers. Yet the underlying mechanism of TRAIP-mediated malignant phenotype remains unclear. Methods The expression of TRAIP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The clinical significance of TRAIP was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. The biological function and the underlying mechanism of TRAIP in HCC progression were investigated, using cellular and molecular biological experiments.Results Here, we show that TRAIP is upregulated in HCC and functions as an oncogene via Rb/EZH2/p21 signaling. Overexpression of TRAIP, at both mRNA and protein levels, is correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features, and unfavorable overall and disease-free survivals. In vitro experiments demonstrate that ectopic expression of TRAIP enhances, whereas knockdown of TRAIP attenuates HCC cell proliferation. Further data show that TRAIP interacts with SPAG5 in HCC cells, which results in the stabilization of TRAIP protein. TRAIP overexpression suppresses the expression of Rb, subsequently leading to the increase of EZH2 and decrease of p21. Re-expression of Rb and p21 significantly inhibits TRAIP-mediated cell growth. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest TRAIP exert oncogenic activity and have prognostic and therapeutic potential in HCC.
Intestinal microbiome composition influences the peripheral inflammatory state during treatment of human tuberculosis
Authors: Wipperman Matthew , Bhattarai Shakti , Vorkas Charles , Maringati Venkata , Taur Ying ,   Laurent Mathurin6, McAulay Katherine , Vilbrun Stalz , Francois Daphie , Bean James , Walsh Kathleen , Nathan Carl , Fitzgerald Daniel , Glickman Michael , Bucci Vanni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Although the composition of the intestinal microbiota influences systemic immune responses, the contribution of this relationship to infectious disease pathogenesis and to the resolution of infectious diseases by antibiotic therapy is poorly understood. This question is rarely examined in humans due to the difficulty in dissociating the immunologic effects of antibiotic-induced pathogen clearance and salutary microbiome alteration. To address these questions in the context of Tuberculosis, we analyzed three independent human datasets from Haiti (two longitudinal treatment and one cross-sectional control), a prototypical infection remarkable for chronic inflammation, in which we had measured sputum TB bacterial load, gut microbiota composition, and peripheral blood transcriptomics. Using data from the longitudinal datasets combined with inflammatory pathway enrichment analysis, we determined that antibiotic treatment of TB, despite significantly perturbing the gut microbiota, dampens the proinflammatory signature characteristic of active TB. Contrarily, an investigational TB treatment that failed to clear TB, but that caused similar microbiota perturbations, exacerbated peripheral inflammation. To decouple the effects of antibiotic induced changes in the microbiota from Mtb sterilization as predictors of normalization of TB associated inflammation, we applied random forest regression to the microbiome-transcriptome-sputum data from the two longitudinal datasets. We found inflammatory renormalization is positively affected by both pathogen sterilization and by the abundance of health-associated Cluster IV and Cluster XIa Clostridia. Oppositely, increases in the abundance of commonly known pathobionts such as Bacilli and Proteobacteria clusters predict inflammatory exacerbation. We independently investigated and validated these microbiota-peripheral inflammatory signature associations by applying machine learning to the peripheral gene expression and microbiota profiling in an independent human cohort of 52 healthy control individuals. Together, our findings indicate that antibiotic-induced reduction in pathogen burden and changes in the microbiome are independently associated with treatment-induced changes of the inflammatory response of active TB, and more broadly indicate that response to antibiotic therapy may be a combined effect of pathogen killing and microbiome driven immunomodulation. Our results provide support to the hypothesis that there exists clear links between microbiome composition and host peripheral gene expression in humans that can be biologically elucidated using common and well validated molecular pathway analyses.
“I don't know if We'll Ever Live in Harmony”: Exploring the Unmet Needs of Syrian Adolescent Girls in Protracted Displacement in Lebanon
Authors: Davison Colleen , Watt Hayley , Michael Saja , Bartels Susan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The current crisis in Syria has led to unprecedented displacement, with neighbouring Lebanon now hosting more than 1.5 million conflict-affected migrants from Syria. In many situations of displacement, adolescent girls are a vulnerable sub-group. This study explores and describes the self-reported unmet needs of Syrian adolescent girls who migrated to Lebanon between 2011 and 2016. Methods: This qualitative study focusing on the unmet needs of adolescent girls was part of a larger research project on child marriage among Syrian migrants in Lebanon. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling in three field locations in Lebanon by locally trained research assistants. One hundred eighty-eight Syrian adolescent girls chose to tell stories about their own experiences. Using handheld tablets and an application called “Sensemaker” stories were audio-recorded and later transcribed. Participants were asked to then self-interpret their stories by answering specific quantitative survey-type questions. Demographic information was also collected. NVivo was used to undertake deductive coding using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as an analytic frame. Findings: Among the 188 self-reported stories from adolescent girls, more than half mentioned some form of unmet need. These needs ranged across the five levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy from physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization. Nearly two thirds of girls mentioned more than one unmet need and the girls’ expressed needs varied by marital status and time since migration. Unmet esteem needs were expressed in 22% of married, and 72% of unmarried girls. Belongingness needs were expressed by 13% of girls who migrated in the last 1-3 years and 31% of those who migrated in the previous 4-5 years. Interpretation: Many needs of Syrian adolescent girl migrants remain unmet in this situation of now protracted displacement. Girls most commonly expressed needs for love and belonging followed closely by needs for safety and basic resources. The level and type of unmet need differed by marital status and time since displacement. Unmet needs have been associated elsewhere with physical illness, life dissatisfaction, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety and even death. These results can inform integrated interventions and services specifically targeting adolescent girls and their families in the protracted migration situation now facing Lebanon.