bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk indicators for depression in aged care: The contribution of a meaningful life, mastery and environmental fit
Authors: Chau Rebecca , Kissane David W. , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesDepression is a pernicious, growing problem in the aged care population. Knowledge about the risk factors for depression focuses on unchangeable, medical factors; therefore, a deeper, systematic understanding of modifiable psychological risk indicators is needed.MethodsThis secondary analysis used data from an observational cohort study (T1, n = 147; T2, n = 81) of adults aged ≥65 years recruited from 15 aged care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Meaningful existence, mastery, social support and person‐environment fit were investigated as risk indicators.ResultsGeneralised estimating equation analysis identified that changes in meaningful existence (b = –0.06, P < .05), mastery (b = –0.05, P < .05) and person‐environment fit (b = –0.02, P < .05) were significantly associated with change in depression score. These remained significant controlling for socio‐demographic variables, cognitive impairment and functional impairment.ConclusionBecause these psychological risk factors—meaningful existence, mastery and person‐environment fit—are suitable therapeutic targets, they are well positioned to inform prevention and intervention programs.
Implementing a ‘Safe Recovery’ fall prevention program: Refining intervention theory using realist methods
Authors: Martin Rachelle A. , Dickie Benn , Skinner Helen , Hurring Sarah , Marshall Rachel , Hanger Hugh Carl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed to explain how the Safe Recovery Programme (SRP) may best work to reduce falls in older adults undergoing rehabilitation in four wards in an older person's health and rehabilitation service.MethodsQualitative realist methods were used, including surveys completed by patients and staff, and qualitative interviews or focus groups exploring views of patients, ward staff and SRP educators.ResultsEmphasising different types of information for patients with different pre‐existing understandings may facilitate their responses to SRP messaging. Consistency and coherence of SRP messaging within ward routines varied in response to staff SRP training and ongoing feedback mechanisms from SRP educators.ConclusionsTailored individualised approaches for patients with specific characteristics may lead to patients being less likely to engage in risky behaviours. Staff training and processes for facilitating ongoing feedback between patients, SRP and ward staff are required to ensure consistency and coherence of SRP messaging.
Tnfaip3 expression in pulmonary conventional type 1 Langerin‐expressing dendritic cells regulates T helper 2‐mediated airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Vroman Heleen , van Uden Denise , Bergen Ingrid M. , van Hulst Jennifer A. C. , Lukkes Melanie , van Loo Geert , Clausen Björn E. , Boon Louis , Lambrecht Bart N. , Hammad Hamida , Hendriks Rudi W. , Kool Mirjam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) control anti‐viral and anti‐tumor immunity by inducing antigen‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell responses. Controversy exists whether cDC1s also control CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses, since suppressive and activating roles have been reported. DC activation status, controlled by the transcription factor NF‐κB, might determine the precise outcome of Th‐cell differentiation upon encounter with cDC1s. To investigate the role of activated cDC1s in Th2‐driven immune responses, pulmonary cDC1s were activated by targeted deletion of A20/Tnfaip3, a negative regulator of NF‐κB signaling.MethodsTo target pulmonary cDC1s, Cd207 (Langerin)‐mediated excision of A20/Tnfaip3 was used, generating Tnfaip3fl/flxCd207+/cre (Tnfaip3Lg‐KO) mice. Mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) to provoke Th2‐mediated immune responses.ResultsMice harboring Tnfaip3‐deficient cDC1s did not develop Th2‐driven eosinophilic airway inflammation upon HDM exposure, but rather showed elevated numbers of IFNγ‐expressing CD8+ T cells. In addition, Tnfaip3Lg‐KO mice harbored increased numbers of IL‐12–expressing cDC1s and elevated PD‐L1 expression in all pulmonary DC subsets. Blocking either IL‐12 or IFNγ in Tnfaip3Lg‐KO mice restored Th2 responses, whereas administration of recombinant IFNγ during HDM sensitization in C57Bl/6 mice blocked Th2 development.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the activation status of cDC1s, shown by their specific expression of co‐inhibitory molecules and cytokines, critically contributes to the development of Th2 cell–mediated disorders, most likely by influencing IFNγ production in CD8+ T cells.
Association between prostate‐specific antigen and serum testosterone: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Noh Jin‐Won , Chang Yoosoo , Lee Hyun Young , Park Jae Joon , Ryu Seungho , Kim Jae Heon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerum testosterone assays are an important tool in the clinical evaluation of a number of endocrine disorders including male hypogonadism. However, serum testosterone has a limited role in real clinical use due to its inaccuracy. We aimed to assess the association between prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone as well as the effects of various types of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for PSA level.MethodsTwo electronic databases were screened: PubMed (1966 through December 2018) and Cochrane Library (1993 through December 2018). The first strategy compared the overall increase in PSA following testosterone treatment compared with placebo. The second strategy analyzed the overall association between PSA and testosterone among the observational studies.ResultsIn the first strategy, 22 articles were included in the final analysis. In the second strategy, 18 studies were included. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) showed a significant change in PSA level compared to that in the placebo group (mean difference [MD]: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.25, P = .04). Compared to placebo, only intramuscular (IM) TRT shows a significant change in PSA level group (MD: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.30, P = .04), as neither the oral nor topical type showed a significant change in PSA. In the second strategy analysis, there was no overall correlation found between PSA and testosterone (z = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.12, P = .04; r = 0.039). However, in the subgroup of non‐BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia), a significant correlation between PSA and testosterone (z = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.13, P = .009; r = 0.089) was found.ConclusionsWe found that TRT, particularly IM TRT, significantly changed the PSA level compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between PSA and testosterone in patients with non‐BPH. According to these findings, we suggest the possibility of PSA as a surrogate marker of testosterone.
How are ECG parameters related to cardiac magnetic resonance images? Electrocardiographic predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dohy Zsofia , Vereckei Andras , Horvath Viktor , Czimbalmos Csilla , Szabo Liliana , Toth Attila , Suhai Ferenc I. , Csecs Ibolya , Becker David , Merkely Bela , Vago Hajnalka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundStructural myocardial changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are associated with different abnormalities on electrocardiographs (ECGs). The diagnostic value of the ECG voltage criteria used to screen for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may depend on the presence and degree of myocardial fibrosis. Fibrosis can cause other changes in ECG parameters, such as pathological Q waves, fragmented QRS (fQRS), or repolarization abnormalities.MethodsWe investigated 146 patients with HCM and 35 healthy individuals who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR; with late gadolinium enhancement [LGE] in HCM patients) and standard 12‐lead ECGs. On the ECG, depolarization and repolarization abnormalities, the Sokolow–Lyon index, the Cornell index, and the Romhilt–Estes score were evaluated. The left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes, and myocardial mass (LVM) were quantified. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified on LGE images.ResultsThe sensitivity of the Romhilt–Estes score was the highest (75%), and this hypertrophy criterion had the strongest correlation with the LVM index (p < .0001; r = .41). The amount of fibrosis was negatively correlated with the Cornell index (p = .015; r = −.201) and the Sokolow–Lyon index (p = .005; r = −.23), and the Romhilt–Estes score was independent of fibrosis (p = .757; r = 0.026). fQRS and strain pattern predicted more fibrosis, while the Cornell index was a negative predictor of myocardial fibrosis (p < .0001). Among others, the strain pattern was an independent predictor of the LVM (p < .0001).ConclusionThe Romhilt–Estes score is the most sensitive ECG criterion for detecting LVH in HCM patients, as myocardial fibrosis does not affect this criterion. The presence of fQRS and strain pattern predicts myocardial fibrosis.
Efficacy and safety of simultaneous treatment with two biologic medications in refractory Crohn’s disease
Authors: Yang Edward , Panaccione Nicola , Whitmire Natalie , Dulai Parambir S. , Vande Casteele Niels , Singh Siddharth , Boland Brigid S. , Collins Angelina , Sandborn William J. , Panaccione Remo , Battat Robert 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundBiologic therapies in patients with Crohn's disease often yield low clinical and endoscopic remission rates. After multiple failed therapies, combining two biologic therapies is possibly the sole medical alternative to recurrent surgery. However, data on this approach are limited.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of concomitant use of two biologic therapies in the largest cohort to date of refractory Crohn's disease patients.MethodsData were extracted from Crohn's disease patients started on dual biologic therapy at two referral centres. Biologics utilised include infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, certolizumab and golimumab. The primary outcome was endoscopic improvement (>50% reduction in Simplified Endoscopic Score‐Crohn's disease [SES‐CD] or explicitly stated). Endoscopic remission (SES‐CD < 3 or stated), clinical response (Crohn's disease–patient‐reported outcome‐2 score [PRO2] reduced by 8), clinical remission (PRO2 < 8), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were also assessed.ResultsA total of 22 patients with 24 therapeutic trials of dual biologic therapy were identified. The majority of patients had prior surgical resections (91%), stricturing (59%) or penetrating (36%) phenotype, and perianal fistulas (50%). Median number of prior failed biologics was 4. Endoscopic improvement occurred in 43% of trials and 26% achieved endoscopic remission. Fifty per cent had clinical response and 41% achieved clinical remission. There were significant post‐treatment reductions in median SES‐CD (14.0 [12.0‐17.5] to 6.0 [2.5‐8.0], P = 0.0005], PRO‐2 (24.1 [20.3‐27.0] to 13.4 [4.6‐21.8], P = 0.002] and CRP (17.0 [11.0‐24.0] to 9.0 [4.0‐14.0], P = 0.02). Presence of perianal fistulas decreased from 50% to 33%. Adverse events occurred in 13% of trials.ConclusionDual biologic therapy was associated with clinical, biomarker and endoscopic improvements in selected patients with refractory Crohn's disease who failed multiple biologics. Further studies are needed to validate this approach.
Race, rage and emotional suspects: Ideologies of social mobility confront the racial contours of mass incarceration
Authors: Tilton Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGuilt, shame, pride and rage ripple through conversations about racism within the juvenile justice system where the racial contours of mass incarceration challenge the legitimacy of the American ideology of being a colourblind meritocracy. This paper argues that projects of emotional regulation, especially the regulation of young people's emotional response to the hypervisibility of race, are central to the governance of youth in carceral spaces. Drawing on ethnographic research in a southern California juvenile hall, I explore how young people engage with an evolving biopolitics of emotion and the ways carceral spaces shape young people's constructions of racial boundaries and solidarities.
Mechanosensing by Gli1+ cells contributes to the orthodontic force‐induced bone remodelling
Authors: Liu An‐Qi , Zhang Li‐Shu , Chen Ji , Sui Bing‐Dong , Liu Jin , Zhai Qi‐Ming , Li Yan‐Jiao , Bai Meng , Chen Kai , Jin Yan , Hu Cheng‐Hu , Jin Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesGli1+ cells have received extensive attention in tissue homeostasis and injury mobilization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gli1+ cells respond to force and contribute to bone remodelling.Materials and methodsWe established orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model to assess the bone response for mechanical force. The transgenic mice were utilized to label and inhibit Gli1+ cells, respectively. Additionally, mice that conditional ablate Yes‐associated protein (Yap) in Gli1+ cells were applied in the present study. The tooth movement and bone remodelling were analysed.ResultsWe first found Gli1+ cells expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL). They were proliferated and differentiated into osteoblastic cells under tensile force. Next, both pharmacological and genetic Gli1 inhibition models were utilized to confirm that inhibition of Gli1+ cells led to arrest of bone remodelling. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining identified classical mechanotransduction factor Yap expressed in Gli1+ cells and decreased after suppression of Gli1+ cells. Additionally, conditional ablation of Yap gene in Gli1+ cells inhibited the bone remodelling as well, suggesting Gli1+ cells are force‐responsive cells.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted that Gli1+ cells in PDL directly respond to orthodontic force and further mediate bone remodelling, thus providing novel functional evidence in the mechanism of bone remodelling and first uncovering the mechanical responsive property of Gli1+ cells.
p16 Range of expression in dermal predominant benign epithelioid and spindled nevi and melanoma
Authors: Oaxaca Gabriel , Billings Steven D. , Ko Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundScreening borderline Spitz tumors with p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has known utility. The applicability to other melanocytic neoplasms is not well defined.MethodsCases (N = 104) of blue, cellular blue, epithelioid blue, congenital pattern, deep penetrating, desmoplastic, desmoplastic Spitz, acral, “epithelioid” nevi, nevoid melanoma, melanoma with a precursor nevus, and non‐nevoid melanoma with Breslow thickness > 0.5 mm were stained for p16.ResultsLesions showed either a single uniform pattern of expression (single/homogeneous pattern: positive, checkerboard, rare, or lost) or multiple regionally distributed patterns (multiple/heterogeneous pattern). Most cases (78%, n = 81) showed single pattern expression. Within single pattern cases, total loss was restricted to melanoma (7/81/9%). Multiple patterns were more common in melanoma (12/23, 52%). Within multiple pattern (22%, n = 23) lesions, those with a total loss component (7/23; 30%) were malignant. Total p16 loss (diffuse or regional) was not seen in a subset of nevoid melanomas (1/8; 12.5%), melanomas arising in nevi (2/6; 33%), and non‐nevoid melanomas (6/9; 66%). Total p16 loss (single pattern or part of multiple patterns) captured 61% (14/23) of melanomas and no nevi.Conclusionp16 IHC may be useful in dermal‐based melanocytic lesions. Total p16 loss is seen only in melanoma. Multiple pattern expression should prompt careful evaluation.
Microbial utilization of rice root residue‐derived carbon explored by DNA stable‐isotope probing
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Zhang Qian , Ai Chao , He Ping , Zhou Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the vast carbon (C) stock of crop root residues in arable ecosystems, the microbial assimilation mechanism of crop root derived‐C is poorly understood. In this study, a DNA‐based stable isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) approach was used to explore and characterize the diversity of the soil bacterial community assimilating C derived from 13C‐labelled rice root residues during a 90‐day incubation. Overall, 13C‐assimilating bacterial groups with various characteristics were identified with the occurrence of strong priming effects on soil native C. Significant increases of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes abundances within the 13C‐assimilating bacterial community were observed. Generally, Streptomyces were the predominant utilizers of 13C derived from rice root residues within a 28‐day incubation. The 13C‐labelling of Pseudomonas, which was continuously detected during incubation, indicated stronger effects at the later decomposition stage. The role of genera Kitasatospora, Catenulispora, Nocardioides, Flavisolibacter and Niastella in 13C‐labelled rice root residues assimilation was also observed. Meanwhile, incorporation of rice root residues stimulated the growth of certain bacterial groups that incorporated unlabelled native soil C, including Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrumicrobia and Nitrospirae.Highlights
The microbial mechanism of the utilization of crop root residues is largely neglected.
We explored the diversity of bacterial communities assimilating rice root residues with DNA‐SIP
Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant decomposers of root residues
Streptomyces and Pseudomonas were consistently detected as key assimilators during decomposition
The Ethical Challenges of the Digital Age
Authors: Bedford‐Strohm Heinrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the ethical challenges of digital transformation in three steps. First, it offers a survey of the various dimensions of digital transformation and the ethical challenges that are associated with them: the exposure of private life through access to data; the change of communication culture through algorithms; the concentration of corporate power; changes in the world of work; the military use of digital technology; and the fusion of the human being and the machine. Second, it reflects upon various fundamental anthropological dimensions of the biblical tradition, which does not define humankind through itself but first and foremost in relation to, and being different from, God. Third, it draws conclusions about how to deal with digital transformation: through rescuing public discourse, making digital transformation socially accountable, and offering a perspective of theological anthropology that takes account of both the vulnerability and the deep freedom of our humanity.
Truthfulness, Beneficence, and Vulnerability as Key Concepts in Communication Ethics
Authors: Aznar Hugo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents the major stages of the approaches to the ethics of communication and the respective ethical principle of each one. The first stage, centred on the principle of truthfulness, was born at the beginning of the 20th century, at the same time as the first great development of the press and journalism. The second stage, which began at the end of the 20th century, centred on the principle of beneficence and developed from the growing influence of the mass media on all fields and aspects of social life. There is also the need for a further principle for communication ethics: the principle of vulnerability: to give voice to those affected by a situation, especially to those in a situation of vulnerability. The article then considers whether the huge impact of the Internet and social media at the beginning of the 21st century implies a new stage in the ethics of communication or rather the need to extend the scope and effectiveness of existing ethical principles and norms. The article tends toward the second option, insisting on the role of self‐regulation and media literacy in tackling the current challenges in media and social media communications.
Occurrence rates of haemophilia among males in the United States based on surveillance conducted in specialized haemophilia treatment centres
Authors: Soucie John Michael , Miller Connie H. , Dupervil Brandi , Le Binh , Buckner Tyler W. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionEstimates of the size and characteristics of the US haemophilia population are needed for healthcare planning and resource needs assessment. A network of comprehensive haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) located throughout the United States receives federal support for diagnosis and management of haemophilia and other rare bleeding disorders.AimEstimate the incidence and prevalence of haemophilia among US males using the HTC network.MethodsDuring the period 2012‐2018, de‐identified surveillance data were collected on all males who visited an HTC that included year of birth, gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, residence zip code, haemophilia type and severity. Data from all patients were used to calculate period prevalence by haemophilia type, severity and state of residence. Data from a subset of patients born 1995‐2014 were used to estimate incidence rates over the 20‐year period.ResultsDuring the period, 21 748 males with haemophilia visited the HTCs resulting in an age‐adjusted prevalence of 15.7 cases per 100 000 males (12 for haemophilia A and 3.7 for haemophilia B). Prevalence was higher among whites (15.1) than blacks (12.4) or Hispanics of either race (12.4). State‐specific prevalence varied from 1.6 to 23.3 cases per 100 000. Based on 9587 males born during the index period, the average haemophilia incidence was 1 case per 4334 live male births.ConclusionBased on these data, we estimate that there are between 29 761 and 32 985 males with haemophilia living in the United States today, the majority of whom receive comprehensive care in specialized clinical centres.
Public acceptability of public health policy to improve population health: A population‐based survey
Authors: Sharp Catherine A. , Bellis Mark A. , Hughes Karen , Ford Kat , Di Lemma Lisa C. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor public health policies to be effective, it is critical that they are acceptable to the public as acceptance levels impact success rate.ObjectiveTo explore public acceptance of public health statements and examine differences in acceptability across socio‐demographics, health behaviours (physical activity, diet, binge drinking and smoking), health status and well‐being.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample (N = 1001) using a random stratified sampling method. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted at homes of residents in Wales aged 16+ years. Individuals reported whether they agreed, had no opinion, or disagreed with 12 public health statements.ResultsMore than half of the sample were supportive of 10 out of 12 statements. The three statements with the greatest support (>80% agreement) reflected the importance of: a safe and loving childhood to becoming a healthy adult, schools teaching about health, and healthier foods costing less. Individuals who engaged in unhealthy behaviours were less likely to agree with some of the statements (eg 39.8% of binge drinkers agreed alcohol adverts should be banned compared to 57.6% of those who never binge drink;P < .001).ConclusionsFindings show an appetite for public health policies among the majority of the public. The relationship between supporting policies and engaging in healthy behaviours suggests a feedback loop that is potentially capable of shifting both public opinion and the opportunities for policy intervention. If a nation becomes healthier, this could illicit greater support for stronger policies which could encourage more people to move in a healthier direction.