bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoenvironment and organic matter enrichment of the Carboniferous volcanic-related source rocks in the Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin, NW China
Authors: Li Tian-Jun , Huang Zhi-Long , Chen Xuan , Li Xin-Ning , Liu Jun-Tian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVolcanic activity was quite frequent during the deposition of the Late Carboniferous Ha’erjiawu Formation in the Santanghu Basin. The petrology and organic and inorganic geochemical indicators were used to investigate hydrocarbon potential, paleoenvironmental conditions and organic matter enrichment of the mudstones. The results show that the oil generation capacity of the Ha’erjiawu Formation mudstones, which has abundant oil-prone organic matter (Type II kerogen with hydrogen index values mainly ranging from 250 to 550 mg HC/g TOC) in mature stage (Tmax values mainly ranging from 435 to 450 °C), is considerable. The Ha’erjiawu Formation was deposited in a dysoxic, freshwater-mildly brackish, and warm-humid environment. During its deposition, the Ha’erjiawu Formation received hydrothermal inputs. The volcanic hydrothermal activities played an important role in the organic matter enrichment. In addition, the total organic carbon (TOC) is significantly positively correlated with the felsic mineral content, but it is negatively correlated with the carbonate mineral content and C27/C29 ratios, indicating that terrigenous organic matter input also contributed to the primary productivity in the surface water. Therefore, the formation of the high-quality source rocks in the Ha’erjiawu Formation was jointly affected by the hydrothermal activity and the terrigenous organic matter input.
Raising awareness of the cultural, architectural, and perceptive values of historic gardens and related landscapes: panoramic cones and multi-temporal data
Authors: Cazzani Alberta , Zerbi Carlotta Maria , Brumana Raffaella , Lobovikov-Katz Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistoric gardens and their related landscapes are often experienced only for their social, aesthetic, and environmental resources, yet their cultural, architectural, and perceptive significance is often ignored. The paper demonstrates how historic and educational values of historic gardens and related landscapes can be revealed by combining historic maps, reading perspective cones, and also applying advanced digital and educational methods and techniques. Historical maps, especially military and cadastral maps, associated with historical iconography, can provide us with a lot of information to study historical gardens and also to define conservation and valorization plans that are related to the history of the site: geomatics tools to georeference and co-relate metric and non-metric historical maps provide growing useful outputs, that can be deployed through the use of Virtual Hubs, boosting the availability of content and the accessibility of open data for policy makers, experts, and non-expert members. Moreover, they can also support heritage education programs providing the opportunity to allow to understand the wealth of sites now simplified, in their system, with different functions and with a transformed context. The study of historic gardens involves the analysis of the landscape in its dynamism and complexity, defines tools that make users more aware of the richness of our heritage.
Community detection based on similarities of communication behavior in IP networks
Authors: Zhang Shuzhuang , Zhang Yaning , Zhou Min , Peng Lizhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommunities are an important feature of real-world networks that can reveal the structure and dynamic characteristics of networks. Accordingly, the accurate detection and analysis of the community structure in large-scale IP networks is highly beneficial for their optimization and security management. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel community detection method based on the similarity of communication behavior between IP nodes, which is determined by analyzing the communication relationships and frequency of interactions between the nodes in the network. On this basis, the nodes are iteratively added to the community with the highest similarity to form the final community division result. The results of experiments involving both complex public network datasets and real-world IP network datasets demonstrate that the proposed method provides superior community detection performance compared to that of four existing state-of-the-art community detection methods in terms of modularity and normalized mutual information indicators.
Thermoelectric performance enhancement by manipulation of Sr/Ti doping in two sublayers of Ca3Co4O9
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Yichen , Tan Thiam Teck , Liu Yi , Zheng Jian , Yang Yanling , Hou Xiaojiang , Feng Lei , Suo Guoquan , Ye Xiaohui , Li Sean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) performance of Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) has been investigated extensively via a doping strategy in the past decades. However, the doping sites of different sublayers in CCO and their contributions to the TE performance remain unrevealed because of its strong correlated electronic system. In this work, Sr and Ti are chosen to realize doping at the [Ca2CoO3] and [CoO2] sublayers in CCO. It was found that figure of merit (ZT) at 957 K of Ti-doped CCO was improved 30% than that of undoped CCO whereas 1 at% Sr doping brought about a 150% increase in ZT as compared to undoped CCO. The significant increase in electronic conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are attributed to the enhanced carrier concentration and spin-entropy of Co4+ originating from the Sr doping effects in [Ca2CoO3] sublayer, which are evidenced by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman, Hall, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Furthermore, the reduced thermal conductivity is attributed to the improved phonon scattering from heavier Sr doped Ca site in [Ca2CoO3] sublayer. Our findings demonstrate that doping at Ca sites of [Ca2CoO3] layer is a feasible pathway to boost TE performance of CCO material through promoting the electronic conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, and reducing the thermal conductivity simultaneously. This work provides a deep understanding of the current limited ZT enhancement on CCO material and provides an approach to enhance the TE performance of other layered structure materials.
Neither demarcation nor confrontation
Authors: Haker Christoph , Otterspeer Lukas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRight-wing populism has strongly polarizing effects in politics, education and science—a problem which this article aims to adress. Instead of claiming a demarcation between science and education on the one hand and right-wing populist ideology on the other, we initially focus on continuities. At the same time, we are concerned with finding a critical distance towards right-wing populism. Using the theoretical framework of boundary-work we therefore analyse a case of right-wing populist educational and scientific efforts. Boundary-work can occur in an institutional, content-related and epistemic dimension. While we identify strong continuities in the institutional and content-related dimensions, we see the main difference in the epistemic dimension. In conclusion, we use the results of our analysis to develop a critical position as scientists and educationists towards right-wing populism, drawing consequences for the epistemic, content-related and institutional dimensions.
Planetary carambolage: The evolutionary political economy of technology, nature and work
Authors: Gruszka Katarzyna , Scholz-Wäckerle Manuel , Aigner Ernest 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe following editorial introduces the special issue (SI) on “Work, Environment and Planetary-scale Computation in Political-Economic Evolution”. Here, however, we go beyond an outline of what each contribution to the SI addresses, and attempt to draw a more pronounced shared embedding of the arguments that have come to the fore. The original idea of this SI was to synthesize a range of contemporary global political-economic challenges, i.e. (1) technology (esp. digital transformation), (2) nature (esp. ecological crisis) and (3) work (esp. precarization via the evolving platform economy). The main argument developed in this editorial reflection focuses on the common ground and origin of those processes found in the complex evolution of capitalist development. We frame the latter by assigning it a new term, i.e. “planetary carambolage”.
The Logic of Violence in the Polish-Lithuanian Conflict, 1920–1923
Authors: Balkelis Tomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article is devoted to violence that took place in the Polish-Lithuanian borderland after the Great War. Using the theoretical insights of Stathis Kalyvas (2006), the author explores violent actors, types, and the dynamics of violence in the conflict over the neutral zone between Poland and Lithuania between 1920 and 1923. The focus is on the experiences of civilians and the social impact of violence on the formation of their national identities. The author suggests that violent ways of nation making forced the local populace to adopt national identities to ensure their security, but the process of forced nationalization was limited and may have resulted in the emergence of indifference among certain groups of the population.
Maternal high-fat diet in mice alters immune regulation and lung function in the offspring
Authors: Losol Purevsuren , Mercken Lindert P. , Fisk Helena L. , Calder Philip C. , Holloway John W. , Torrens Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPUFA modulate immune function and have been associated with the risk of childhood atopy and asthma. We investigated the effect of maternal fat intake in mice on PUFA status, elongase and desaturase gene expression, inflammatory markers and lung function in the offspring. C57BL/6J mice (n32) were fed either standard chow (C, 20·4 % energy as fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 39·9 % energy as fat) for 4 weeks prior to conception and during gestation and lactation. At 21 d of age, offspring were weaned onto either the HFD or C, generating four experimental groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C and HF/HF. Plasma and liver fatty acid composition were measured by GC and gene expression by quantitative PCR. Lung resistance to methacholine was assessed. Arachidonic acid concentrations in offspring plasma and liver phospholipids were increased by HFD; this effect was greater in the post-natal HFD group. DHA concentration in offspring liver phospholipids was increased in response to HFD and was higher in the post-natal HFD group. Post-natal HFD increased hepatic fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2 and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 5 expression in male offspring, whereas maternal HFD elevated expression ofFADS1andFADS2in female offspring compared with males. Post-natal HFD increased expression ofIL-6and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in perivascular adipose tissue. The HFD lowered lung resistance to methacholine. Excessive maternal fat intake during development modifies hepatic PUFA status in offspring through regulation of gene expression of enzymes that are involved in PUFA biosynthesis and modifies the development of the offspring lungs leading to respiratory dysfunction.
Differential inhibition of egg hatching in Aedes aegypti populations from localities with different winter conditions
Authors: Campos Raúl E. , Zanotti Gabriela , Di Battista Cristian M. , Gimenez Javier O. , Fischer Sylvia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Argentina, the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is distributed from subtropical to temperate climates. Here, we hypothesized that the expansion of Ae. aegypti into colder regions is favoured by high-phenotypic plasticity and an adaptive inhibition of egg hatching at low temperatures. Thus, we investigated the hatching response of eggs of three populations: one from a subtropical region (Resistencia) and two from temperate regions (Buenos Aires City and San Bernardo) of Argentina. Eggs collected in the field were raised in three experimental colonies. F1 eggs were acclimated for 7 days prior to immersion at 7.6 or 22°C (control eggs). Five immersion temperatures were tested: 7.6, 10.3, 11.8, 14.1 and 16°C (range of mean winter temperatures of the three localities). A second immersion at 22°C was performed 2 weeks later to assess the inhibition to hatch under favourable conditions. After the first immersion, we compared the proportions of hatched eggs and dead larvae among treatment levels, whereas after the second immersion we compared the hatching response among the three populations. The factors that most influenced the egg hatching response were the geographical origin of the populations and the immersion temperature, but not the acclimation temperature. The proportions of hatching and larval mortality at low temperatures were higher for Resistencia than for Buenos Aires and San Bernardo, whereas the hatching response at ambient temperature was lower for San Bernardo than for Buenos Aires and Resistencia. The results support the hypothesis that populations from colder regions show an adaptive inhibition of egg hatching.
Human–agent transfer from observations
Authors: Banerjee Bikramjit , Racharla Sneha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Learning from human demonstration (LfD), among many speedup techniques for reinforcement learning (RL), has seen many successful applications. We consider one LfD technique called human–agent transfer (HAT), where a model of the human demonstrator’s decision function is induced via supervised learning and used as an initial bias for RL. Some recent work in LfD has investigated learning from observations only, that is, when only the demonstrator’s states (and not its actions) are available to the learner. Since the demonstrator’s actions are treated as labels for HAT, supervised learning becomes untenable in their absence. We adapt the idea of learning an inverse dynamics model from the data acquired by the learner’s interactions with the environment and deploy it to fill in the missing actions of the demonstrator. The resulting version of HAT—called state-only HAT (SoHAT)—is experimentally shown to preserve some advantages of HAT in benchmark domains with both discrete and continuous actions. This paper also establishes principled modifications of an existing baseline algorithm—called A3C—to create its HAT and SoHAT variants that are used in our experiments.
A phonetic-phonological study of vowel height and nasal coarticulation in French
Authors: Dow Michael 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe majority of previous studies on nasal coarticulation in French find an inversely proportionate relationship between vowel opening and nasality, such that high vowels are the most nasalized, sometimes exceeding 50% nasality. However, it has been unclear whether this is a mechanical or controlled property of French, given the typically short duration of high vowels in natural speech, as well as the aerodynamic and acoustic factors rendering them more susceptible to spontaneous nasalization. This study uses nasometric data to quantify progressive and regressive nasalization in 20 Northern Metropolitan French speakers as a function of vowel height. Furthermore, the relationship between degree of nasal coupling and overall vowel duration serves as a proxy for distinguishing mechanical from controlled nasalization, in the spirit of Solé (1992, 2007). This study finds evidence that high vowel nasalization in French is mechanical in pre-nasal position, but controlled in post-nasal position. Meanwhile, nasalization of mid and low vowels is blocked in pre-nasal position but, at most, mechanical in post-nasal position. In consequence, French appears to block nasalization in otherwise lexically impossible positions (*ṼN), while passively allowing, though not actively requiring, nasalizing in positions where conflation is possible (both NṼ and NV being permitted in the lexicon).
Organic cotton production may alleviate the environmental impacts of intensive conventional cotton production
Authors: Delate Kathleen , Heller Ben , Shade Jessica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConventional cotton production has been associated with the extensive use of agricultural chemicals, leading to environmental and health problems, decreased effectiveness of pesticides and higher costs of production. Organic bans the use of most pesticides while providing premiums for growers, and therefore may be a beneficial alternative for growers. Unfortunately, there has been a paucity of research examining the specific practices used by organic cotton growers and the environmental aspects of those practices. This study surveyed organic cotton producers and processors to document specific approaches and techniques used in organic cotton production and processing, the environmental impacts of those techniques and challenges facing organic cotton growers. We discuss the environmental impacts of organic management techniques and methods for conserving water and reducing dependence on irrigation. We also highlight the challenges to organic production identified in the survey, including management for weeds, insects and diseases, genetic contamination of organic crops from genetically modified cotton, organic seed availability, climate change, chemical drift and marketing of organic cotton. Finally, we suggest that investing in research to produce higher-yielding organic varieties, improved methods for organic weed management, and supporting carbon-sequestering practices will improve conversion to organic production.
Basalt Geochemistry and Mantle Flow During Early Backarc Basin Evolution: Havre Trough and Kermadec Arc, Southwest Pacific
Authors: Gill J. , Hoernle K. , Todd E. , Hauff F. , Werner R. , Timm C. , Garbe‐Schönberg D. , Gutjahr M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Havre Trough (HT) backarc basin in the southwest Pacific is in the rifting stage of development. We distinguish five types of basalt there based on their amount and kind of slab component: backarc basalts (BAB) with little or no slab component, modified BAB with slight amounts, reararc (RA) with more, remnants of the preexisting arc (Colville Ridge horsts), and arc front volcanoes within the HT. Previous subarc mantle is quickly removed and replaced by more fertile mantle with less slab component. The ambient mantle is “Pacific” isotopically, and more enriched in Nb/Yb and Nd and Hf isotope ratios north of the Central Kermadec Discontinuity at 32°S than to the south. The contrast may reflect inheritance in the south of mantle that was depleted during spreading that formed the southern South Fiji Basin and a higher degree of melting because of a wetter slab‐derived flux. The slab component also differs along strike, more like a dry melt in the north and a supercritical fluid in the south. The mass fraction of slab component increases southward in the backarc as well as the arc front. RA volcanoes have the most slab component (1%–2%) and form indistinct ridges at high angles to, and <50 km behind, frontal volcanoes. Backarc basalts have less and occur throughout the basin. Slab components are distributed further into the backarc, and more irregularly, during the rifting than spreading stage of backarc basin development. The rifting stage is disorganized geochemically as well as spatially.
Lateral Carbon Exports From Drained Peatlands: An Understudied Carbon Pathway in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta, California
Authors: Richardson C. M. , Fackrell J. K. , Kraus T. E. C. , Young M. B. , Paytan A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDegradation of peatlands via drainage is increasing globally and destabilizing peat carbon (C) stores. The effects of drainage on the timing and magnitude of lateral C losses from degraded peatlands remains understudied. We measured spatial and temporal variability in lateral C exports from three drained peat islands in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta in California across the 2017 and 2018 water years using measurements of dissolved inorganic C (DIC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and suspended particulate organic C (POC) concentration combined with discharge. These measurements were supplemented with stable isotope data (δ13C‐DIC, δ13C‐POC, δ15N‐PON, and δ2H‐H2O values) to provide insight into hydrological and biogeochemical controls on lateral C exports from drained peatlands. Drainage DOC and DIC concentrations were seasonally variable with the highest values in the winter rainy season, when discharge was also elevated. Seasonal differences in the mobilization of dissolved C appeared to result from changing water sources and water table levels. Peat island drainage C contributions to surrounding waterways were also greatest during the winter. Although temporal variability in C cycling processes and trends were generally similar across islands, baseline drainage DIC, DOC, and POC concentrations were spatially variable, likely a result of sub‐island‐scale differences in soil organic matter content and hydrology. This spatial variability complicates system‐wide assessments of C budgets. Net lateral C exports were water year dependent and comparable to previously published vertical C emission rates for this system. This work highlights the importance of including lateral C exports from drained peatlands in local and regional C budgets.
High Heterogeneity in Canopy Temperature Among Co‐occurring Tree Species in a Temperate Forest
Authors: Yi Koong , Smith Jake W. , Jablonski Andrew D. , Tatham Elizabeth A. , Scanlon Todd M. , Lerdau Manuel T. , Novick Kimberly A. , Yang Xi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrees regulate canopy temperature (Tc) via transpiration to maintain an optimal temperature range. In diverse forests such as those of the eastern United States, the sensitivity of Tc to changing environmental conditions may differ across species, reflecting wide variability in hydraulic traits. However, these links are not well understood in mature forests, where Tc data have historically been difficult to obtain. Recent advancement of thermal imaging cameras (TICs) enables Tc measurement of previously inaccessible tall trees. By leveraging TIC and sap flux measurements, we investigated how co‐occurring trees (Quercus alba, Q. falcata, and Pinus virginiana) change their Tc and vapor pressure deficit near the canopy surface (VPDc) in response to changing air temperature (Ta) and atmospheric VPD (VPDa). We found a weaker cooling effect for the species that most strongly regulates stomatal function during dry conditions (isohydric; P. virginiana). Specifically, the pine had higher Tc (up to 1.3°C) and VPDc (up to 0.3 kPa) in the afternoon and smaller sensitivity of both ∆T (=Tc − Ta) and ∆VPD (=VPDc − VPDa) to changing conditions. Furthermore, significant differences in Tc and VPDc between sunlit and shaded portions of a canopy implied a non‐evaporative effect on Tc regulation. Specifically, Tc was more homogeneous within the pine canopy, reflecting differences in leaf morphology that allow higher canopy transmittance of solar radiation. The variability of Tc among species (up to 1.3°C) was comparable to the previously reported differences in surface temperature across land cover types (1°C to 2°C), implying the potential for significant impact of species composition change on local/regional surface temperature.