bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of a Highly Conserved NH
2
-Terminal Domain of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 RNA Polymerase
Authors: Malur Achut G. , Choudhary Suresh K. , De Bishnu P. , Banerjee Amiya K. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The RNA polymerase complex of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV 3), a member of the family
Paramyxoviridae
, is composed of two virally encoded polypeptides: a multifunctional large protein (L, 255 kDa) and a phosphoprotein (P, 90 kDa). From extensive deduced amino acid sequence analyses of the cDNA clones of a number of L proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, a cluster of high-homology sequence segments have been identified within the body of the L proteins. Here, we have focused on the NH
2
-terminal domain of HPIV 3 L protein that is also highly conserved. Following mutational analyses within this domain, we examined the ability of the mutant L proteins to (i) transcribe an HPIV 3 minireplicon, (ii) transcribe the viral RNA in vitro using the HPIV 3 nucleocapsid RNA template, and (iii) interact with HPIV 3 P protein. Our results demonstrate that the first 15 amino acids of the NH
2
-terminal domain spanning a highly conserved motif is directly involved in transcription of the genome RNA and in forming a functional complex with the P protein. Substitution of eight nonconserved amino acids within this domain by the corresponding Sendai virus L protein residues yielded mutants with variable transcriptional activities. However, one mutant in which all eight amino acids were replaced with the corresponding residues of Sendai virus L protein failed to both transcribe the minireplicon and interact with HPIV 3 P and the Sendai virus P protein. The possible functional significance of the NH
2
-terminal domain of paramyxovirus L protein is discussed.
In Vivo Egress of an Alphaherpesvirus from Axons
Authors: Tomishima Mark J. , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
Many alphaherpesviruses establish a latent infection in the peripheral nervous systems of their hosts. This life cycle requires the virus to move long distances in axons toward the neuron's cell body during infection and away from the cell body during reactivation. While the events underlying entry of the virion into neurons during infection are understood in principle, no such consensus exists regarding viral egress from neurons after reactivation. In this study, we challenged two different models of viral egress from neurons by using pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of the rat retina: does PRV egress solely from axon terminals, or can the virus egress from axon shafts as well as axon terminals? We took advantage of PRV gD mutants that are not infectious as extracellular particles but are capable of spreading by cell-cell contact. We observed that both wild-type virus and a PRV gD null mutant are capable of spreading from axons to closely apposed nonneuronal cells within the rat optic nerve after intravitreal infection. However, infection does not spread from these infected nonneuronal cells. We suggest that viral egress can occur sporadically along the length of infected axons and is not confined solely to axon terminals. Moreover, it is likely that extracellular particles are not involved in nonneuronal cell infections. Taking these together with previous data, we suggest a model of viral egress from neurons that unifies previous apparently contradictory data.
Spontaneous closure of an acquired ventricular septal defect
Authors: Williams R I , Ramsey M W 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare but serious complication of acute myocardial infarction requiring early surgical intervention. A patient with acquired VSD that spontaneously closed over three months is presented. The literature on spontaneous closure of acquired VSDs is also reviewed.
Fatal haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema and associated angioedema after the ingestion of rofecoxib
Authors: Kumar N P , Wild G , Ramasamy K A , Snape J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Angioedema is a recognised side effect of rofecoxib, a cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. But death resulting from a haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema after its ingestion has not been recorded. The case of a 60 year old man who died from haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema in the presence of angioedema after the ingestion of two doses of 12.5 mg of rofecoxib is reported.
NUCLEON DISTRIBUTIONS AT NUCLEAR PERIPHERY
Authors: GAMBHIR Y. K. , BHAGWAT A. A. 
Published: July 2002

The experimental ratios of the neutron to the proton densities at the nuclear periphery (≃ half-density radius + 2.5 fm) determined using very low energy anti-proton annihilation studies are compared with the predictions of the semi-phenomenological model of the nucleon density distributions. The model incorporates correctly two physical requirements: the correct asymptotic behavior (r → ∞) and the behavior near the center (r → 0). The model gives a good account of the experiment. The results of the more sophisticated, microscopic mean field calculations like non-relativistic Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) with Skyrme type interactions though are qualitatively similar, the model density results are relatively closer to the experiment.
Surface Characterisation from Adsorbate Knight Shifts
Authors: Khanra Badal C. 
Published: July 2002

Recent works on catalyst surface characterisation from adsorbate Knight shifts are reviewed. It has been shown how for supported catalysts the proton NMR gives a better estimate of the metal dispersion than the classical volumetric technique where the amount of hydrogen adsorbed is measured to determine the dispersion. It has also been shown that adsorption on multiple sites can be probed by the adsorbate Knight shifts. Again, for bimetallic systems the Knight shifts has been shown to indicate the composition of the surfaces. This has been corroborated by a microscopic theory using Friedel sum rule. The role of promoters on active site blocking, the evaluation of kinetic parameters and the effect of segregation on the adsorption energy may also be found from NMR Knight shifts. The works reviewed here concern generally hydrogen as an adsorbate. However, some work using 2 H , 13 C and 129 Xe NMR are also discussed. Deuterium NMR helps to find the kinetic parameters in exchange reaction and is complementary to the proton NMR in surface studies. Similarly, Carbon-13 NMR helps to understand the organic reactions on metal surfaces as well as the surface structure of catalysts. 129 Xe NMR helps to understand the internal structure of zeolites.
INNER MARKET AS A 'BLACK BOX' OF PARAMETERS FOR THE ENTIRE MARKET
Authors: BELENKIY ARI 
Published: July 2002

Each market has its singular characteristics. Its inner structure is directly responsible for the observed distributions of returns though this fact is widely overlooked. Presence of a specialist leads to doubling the tails. Price dynamics of a market where market-makers have mutual obligations (or friendship) is different from one without them. After representing the inner market case we suggest how to analyze its structure. We show that its framework may provide explanation for various problems arising in some popular market models. Several inverse problems are formulated.
Molecular and Mesoscale Simulation Methods for Polymer Materials
Authors: Glotzer Sharon C. , Paul Wolfgang 
Published: July 2002

▪ Abstract  Polymers offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for materials applications, in part because of the chemical complexity and variability of the constituent molecules, and in part because they can be blended together with other organic as well as inorganic components. The majority of applications of polymeric materials is based on their excellent mechanical properties, which arise from the long-chain nature of the constituents. Microscopically, this means that polymeric materials are able to respond to external forces in a broad frequency range, i.e., with a broad range of relaxation processes. Computer simulation methods are ideally suited to help to understand these processes and the structural properties that lead to them and to further our ability to predict materials properties and behavior. However, the broad range of timescales and underlying structure prohibits any one single simulation method from capturing all of these processes.This manuscript provides an overview of some of the more popular computational models and methods used today in the field of molecular and mesoscale simulation of polymeric materials, ranging from molecular models and methods that treat electronic degrees of freedom to mesoscopic field theoretic methods.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: Tinoco Ignacio 
Published: July 2002

[Figure: see text]▪ Abstract  The Watson-Crick double helix of DNA was first revealed in 1953. Since then a wide range of physical chemical methods have been applied to DNA and to its more versatile relative RNA to determine their structures and functions. My major goal is to predict the folded structure of any RNA from its sequence. We have used bulk and single-molecule measurements of thermodynamics and kinetics, plus various spectroscopic methods (UV absorption, optical rotation, circular dichroism, circular intensity differential scattering, fluorescence, NMR) to approach this goal.
Circulating Oxidized LDL Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis Development and Inflammatory Cytokines (AIR Study)
Authors: Hulthe Johannes , Fagerberg Björn 
Published: July 2002

Objective—Circulating oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) is associated with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. However, no previous study has examined the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and Ox-LDL. The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between clinically silent ultrasound-assessed atherosclerotic changes in the carotid and femoral arteries and Ox-LDL and to explore the relationship between Ox-LDL, C-reactive protein, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α.Methods and Results—The study group (n=391) consisted of clinically healthy, 58-year-old men recruited from the general population. Ox-LDL was measured by using a specific monoclonal antibody, mAb-4E6. The results showed that Ox-LDL was related to intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries. In addition, Ox-LDL was associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein. Circulating Ox-LDL was also associated with LDL cholesterol but not with blood pressure or smoking. When adjusting for other risk factors, both LDL cholesterol and Ox-LDL seemed to be independent predictors of plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries (odds ratios for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 were 2.17,P=0.049 and 2.25,P=0.050, for LDL cholesterol and Ox-LDL, respectively).Conclusions—Ox-LDL was associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and inflammatory variables, supporting the concept that oxidatively modified LDL may play a major role in atherosclerosis development, although no causality can be shown in this cross-sectional study.
Attractor Reliability Reveals Deterministic Structure in Neuronal Spike Trains
Authors: Tiesinga P. H. E. , Fellous J.-M. , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: July 2002

When periodic current is injected into an integrate-and-fire model neuron, the voltage as a function of time converges from different initial conditions to an attractor that produces reproducible sequences of spikes. The attractor reliability is a measure of the stability of spike trains against intrinsic noise and is quantified here as the inverse of the number of distinct spike trains obtained in response to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. High reliability characterizes neurons that can support a spike-time code, unlike neurons with discharges forming a renewal process (such as a Poisson process). These two classes of responses cannot be distinguished using measures based on the spike-time histogram, but they can be identified by the attractor dynamics of spike trains, as shown here using a new method for calculating the attractor reliability. We applied these methods to spike trains obtained from current injection into cortical neurons recorded in vitro. These spike trains did not form a renewal process and had a higher reliability compared to renewal-like processes with the same spike-time histogram.
Music-enhanced Immersive Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Memoryrelated Cognitive Processes and Functional Abilities: A Case Report
Authors: Optale Gabriele , Capodieci Salvatore , Pinelli Pietro , Zara Daniela , Gamberini Luciano , Riva Giuseppe 
Published: July 2002

The use of virtual reality (VR) applications in the rehabilitation of memory-related cognitive processes and functional abilities, is supported by different studies showing that, in persons with neurologically-based memory impairment, procedural memory often remain relatively intact. VR, by way of its interactive and immersive features, could be used to exploit the patient's preserved procedural abilities. In particular, cognitive processes could be restored via procedures practiced repetitively within an environment which contains functional real-world demands. Starting from the above rationale, the paper presents the music-enhanced VRbased treatment of C., a 65-year old woman, experiencing an impairment in memory-related cognitive processes. At the end of treatment the subject experienced a 12-week booster section. The results presented showed that, after the treatment, the patient experienced an improved clinical condition confirmed by the results of different neuropsychological tests. These results were maintained even during a 3-month follow-up.
THE KING'S MEN IN UGARIT AND SOCIETY IN LATE BRONZE AGE SYRIA
Authors: Rowe Ignacio Márquez 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the sector of society generally known as the "palace dependents" in Late Bronze Age Syria. The discussion, however, is not centred on the notion itself (and the whole model of two economically divided sectors of society), but rather on the empirical evidence found in the cuneiform archives of Ugarit, Alalakh and Emar. Therefore, the social designations "king's man" in Ugarit (Ugaritic bunušu malki), and (Hurrian) eǵelli in Alalakh are revaluated, with the result of a new interpretation which seems to find confirmation in the terminology used in Emar. Rather than a designation based on modern economic notions, the dependent nature of these social categories seems to reveal a juridical ground, namely antichretic debt service. Cet article examine le secteur de la société connu généralement comme les "dépendants du palais" en Syrie à l'âge du Bronze récent. L'étude, cependant, n'est pas centrée autour de cette notion-ci (ou de l'idée plus générale qui met en cause une division bipartite de la société selon des critères d'ordre économique), mais vise plutôt à analyser l'évidence empirique des textes cunéiformes d'Ougarit, Alalakh et Emar. Il s'agit, donc, d'un réexamen de la terminologie sociale: d'une part les "hommes du roi" à Ougarit (en Ougaritique, bunušu malki), et, d'autre part, la désignation hourrite eǵelli à Alalakh. Le résultat c'est une nouvelle interprétation qui semble trouver une certaine confirmation dans la propre terminologie attestée à Emar. Plutôt qu'une terminologie basée sur des notions économiques modernes, la nature dépendante de ces catégories sociales semblent révéler une base d'ordre juridique, notamment le service antichrétique pour dettes.
The Other Criminalities of Animal Freeze-Killers: Support for a Generality of Deviance
Authors: Green Gary 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis research analyzes the overall arrest histories of persons aged 18-34 convicted for weapon-related deer spotlighting in Virginia during 1997 and 1998. Deer spotlighting, or "freeze-killing," is a specific form of deer poaching involving shining a deer with a spotlight for an easier kill. Defined as unsporting, freeze-killing constitutes animal abuse. This study isolated and compared arrest rates of white males - 90% of the sample in the present research - with estimated rates of a cross-sectional national sample of the same race-sex-age combinations. Results showed that about two in five freeze killers had been arrested, more than one in five for a crime of violence. Freeze-killers had almost twice the rate for violent crime and almost three times the rate for property crime as the control group - after accounting for age and for the time at risk of arrest. The findings' direction is consistent with the recent literature and a "generality of deviance" approach, and support an earlier call to expand hypotheses about animal abuse to include other criminal correlates in addition to violence.
Animal Problems/People Skills: Emotional and Interactional Strategies in Humane Education
Authors: Irvine Leslie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecent changes in the organizational culture of nonhuman animal sheltering, coupled with attitudes that are more progressive toward companion animals, have made shelters into resources rather than last resorts. Consequently, shelter workers need the "people skills" to communicate to a public that urgently needs accurate information about animal behavior and training. This poses a difficulty for workers drawn to working with animals but who find themselves working with people. Based on participant observation and informed by social psychology and the sociology of emotions, this study articulates three primary dimensions of shelter workers' interactions with clients: (a) Narrative Knowing, (b) Emotion Management, and (c) Deference. From the analysis of these dimensions, the paper then draws conclusions about the individual costs of shelter work and suggests practical steps that workers and animal care organizations could take to recognize and reduce these costs.
Heidegger's Hole: The Space of Thinking. Nihilism in the Text (Of Philosophy)
Authors: Schufreider Gregory 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThrough a free reading of Heidegger's Zur Seinsfrage, we propose - with the help of the reader - to scribe into being the space of an opening; in fact, to transcribe it with the drawing of an ×. The point of this writing and thinking "Over the Line" is neither to draft a new structure nor to mark a new center but, as a sign of nothing, to inscribe a hole in the text of philosophy. In view of a topological sketch of the original opening of Western ontology, the unfolding of a complete nihilism may finally be described, in a thinking that marks its own vanishing point.
Meditations on the Philosophy of History
Authors: Baracchi Claudia 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn spite (or because) of the infinity of (the) voice, of the boundless mystery it carries and exhales, of its disembodied traversing and joining, sayings follow barely traced courses. They travel along fragile lines of memory, often discontinuous bridges, transpositions into notational forms. They travel alone, exposed to corruption, consuming friction, repetition - their beginning and final destination often lost to those who listen to them and send them past. In spite of the power of memory and its arts, there are sayings and stories handed down to us in fragments, like decapitated Níke and disfigured Diónysos. There are poems reaching us, race of diggers and preservers, through somebody else's reminiscence, recovery, or loving quotation. In turn, our receiving and sending (stretching) forth, our being thus traversed, shares something with the destiny of these sayings and sculpted deities - being sent, crossing and (un)covering distances, in the fragmented continuity of dialogues, or what remains of them. The present essay is devoted to a meditation on the question of temporality and history in its epistemologico-metaphysical implications. It is developed mainly by reference to Aristotle, after Heidegger.
Socioeconomic Characteristics of Communities With Primary Care Practices With Nurse Practitioners
Authors: O’Reilly-Jacob Monica , Featherston Kyle G. , Barnes Hilary , Xue Ying , Poghosyan Lusine 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceGiven the disparities in access to primary care and the growing nurse practitioner (NP) workforce, it is important to understand the distribution of primary care practices with NPs across communities of varying socioeconomic characteristics.ObjectiveTo compare the socioeconomic characteristics of communities that have primary care practices with or without NPs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary, cross-sectional analysis of 79 743 primary care practices used 4 merged data sources: the IQVIA 2023 OneKey database, the 2020 US biennial Census, the 2017-2022 American Community Survey, and the 2021 Area Deprivation Index (ADI). US Census Tracts and Divisions from 2023 were used to examine differences in socioeconomic characteristics across communities.ExposurePrimary care practices with NPs vs without NPs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSocioeconomic characteristics of Census Tracts and Block Groups, including racial and ethnic composition, median household income, percentage below the federal poverty level, educational attainment, and the ADI (an ordinal percentile ranking of Census Block Groups from 1 to 100, with 1 being least disadvantaged and 100 being most disadvantaged).ResultsOf 79 743 primary care practices, 42 601 (53.4%) employed NPs in 2023. Practices with NPs, compared with those without, were significantly more likely to be in communities classified as low income (23.3% vs 17.0%; P &amp;lt; .001) and rural (11.9% vs 5.5%; P &amp;lt; .001). On average, these communities had a higher proportion of the population living below the federal poverty level (14.4% [95% CI, 14.3%-14.5%] vs 12.8% [95% CI, 12.7%-12.9%]; P &amp;lt; .001) and without a high school diploma (19.8% [95% CI, 19.7%-19.9%] vs 18.5% [95% CI, 18.4%-18.6%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Communities with practices with NPs also had significantly higher mean ADI percentiles than communities with practices without NPs (53.3% [95% CI, 53.1%-53.6%] vs 42.5% [95% CI, 42.2%-42.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001). As the number of primary care practices decreased in disadvantaged areas, the proportion of practices with NPs increased. In most US Census Divisions, there were more primary care practices with NPs than without, a difference that was marked in low-income communities.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of primary care practices in the US found that primary care practices with NPs, compared with those without NPs, were more likely to be located in communities with lower income and educational attainment and greater levels of overall socioeconomic disadvantage. This finding suggests that NPs are key to ensuring access to primary care in communities with socioeconomic disadvantage.