bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Transthoracic Lung Ultrasound for Assessment of Pulmonary Outcome in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: Prospective, Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Chang Hae Wone , Won Young Ju , Lim Byung Gun , Suh Seung Woo , Lee Dong Kyu , Lee Il Ok , Ji Sul Gi , Kim HeeZoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of study was to evaluate the perioperative lung ultrasound findings of patients undergoing scoliosis correction. LUS examination was performed examined three 3 times for each patient: 20 min after starting mechanical ventilation of the lungs(preoperative), after surgery when the patient was placed in the supine position(postoperative), and 20 min after arrival in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Arterial blood gas analyses, mechanical ventilation parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2) were also checked. Twenty-six patients completed the study. The changes of LUS score(20 min) was significantly negatively correlated with the partial pressure of arterial oxygen(PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2) ratio change(P = 0.039, r = −0.40). The change in mean convex side LUS score was significantly greater than that of the concave side as determined by two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance(p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed perioperative LUS change was the significant factor related to the oxygen index change (p = 0.042). One case of pneumothorax was diagnosed and pleural thickening more than 5 mm was detected in 8 patients and five patients of those were diagnosed pleural effusion and performed thoracentesis after surgery. Postoperative increase of LUS score was related with deteriorating of oxygenation at one day after surgery, and it suggests that lung ultrasound allows prediction of postoperative hypoxia and facilitates the diagnosis of pulmonary complications at operation room in AIS patients.
Non-contact acquisition of brain function using a time-extracted compact camera
Authors: Ando Takamasa , Nakamura Tatsuya , Fujii Toshiya , Shiono Teruhiro , Nakamura Tasuku , Suzuki Masato , Anzue-Satoi Naomi , Narumi Kenji , Watanabe Hisashi , Korenaga Tsuguhiro , Okada Eiji , Inoue Yasunori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA revolution in functional brain imaging techniques is in progress in the field of neurosciences. Optical imaging techniques, such as high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), in which source-detector pairs of probes are placed on subjects’ heads, provide better portability than conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) equipment. However, these techniques remain costly and can only acquire images at up to a few measurements per square centimetre, even when multiple detector probes are employed. In this study, we demonstrate functional brain imaging using a compact and affordable setup that employs nanosecond-order pulsed ordinary laser diodes and a time-extracted image sensor with superimposition capture of scattered components. Our technique can simply and easily attain a high density of measurement points without requiring probes to be attached, and can directly capture two-dimensional functional brain images. We have demonstrated brain activity imaging using a phantom that mimics the optical properties of an adult human head, and with a human subject, have measured cognitive brain activation while the subject is solving simple arithmetical tasks.
Sodium fluorocitrate having inhibitory effect on fatty acid uptake ameliorates high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Hong Seung A. , Jung Ik-Rak , Choi Sung-E. , Hwang Yoonjung , Lee Soo-Jin , Son Youngho , Heo Yu Jung , Cui Rihua , Han Seung Jin , Kim Hae Jin , Lee Kwan Woo , Kang Yup 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver without alcohol consumption and includes hepatic inflammation and damage. Excessive influx of fatty acids to liver from circulation is thought to be a pathogenic cause for the development of NAFLD. Thus, inhibition of fatty acid intake into hepatocyte would be a maneuver for protection from high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. This study was initiated to determine whether sodium fluorocitrate (SFC) as a fatty acid uptake inhibitor could prevent palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes and protect the mice from HFD-induced NAFLD. SFC significantly inhibited the cellular uptake of palmitate in HepG2 hepatocytes, and thus prevented palmitate-induced fat accumulation and death in these cells. Single treatment with SFC reduced fasting-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice. Concurrent treatment with SFC for 15 weeks in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice prevented HFD-induced fat accumulation and stress/inflammatory signal activation in the liver. SFC restored HFD-induced increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferases as hepatic injury markers in these mice. SFC treatment also improved HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance, and thus ameliorated HFD-induced hyperglycemia. In conclusion, inhibition of fatty acid mobilization into liver through SFC treatment can be a strategy to protect from HFD-induced NAFLD.
Deletion of PLCγ1 in GABAergic neurons increases seizure susceptibility in aged mice
Authors: Kim Hye Yun , Yang Yong Ryoul , Hwang Hongik , Lee Ha-Eun , Jang Hyun-Jun , Kim Jeongyeon , Yang Esther , Kim Hyun , Rhim Hyewhon , Suh Pann-Ghill , Kim Jae-Ick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in the information processing of neural circuits. It sculpts excitatory signals and prevents hyperexcitability of neurons. Owing to these essential functions, dysregulated synaptic inhibition causes a plethora of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. Among these disorders, epilepsy is associated with abnormal hyperexcitability of neurons caused by the deficits of GABAergic neuron or decreased GABAergic inhibition at synapses. Although many antiepileptic drugs are intended to improve GABA-mediated inhibition, the molecular mechanisms of synaptic inhibition regulated by GABAergic neurons are not fully understood. Increasing evidence indicates that phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is involved in the generation of seizure, while the causal relationship between PLCγ1 and seizure has not been firmly established yet. Here, we show that genetic deletion of PLCγ1 in GABAergic neurons leads to handling-induced seizure in aged mice. In addition, aged Plcg1F/F; Dlx5/6-Cre mice exhibit other behavioral alterations, including hypoactivity, reduced anxiety, and fear memory deficit. Notably, inhibitory synaptic transmission as well as the number of inhibitory synapses are decreased in the subregions of hippocampus. These findings suggest that PLCγ1 may be a key determinant of maintaining both inhibitory synapses and synaptic transmission, potentially contributing to the regulation of E/I balance in the hippocampus.
Inverse Correlation Between Left Atrial Appendage Function and CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Patients with Atrial Flutter
Authors: Wu Mei-Yao , Lin Yen-Nien , Wu Hung-Pin , Huang Ying-Ying , Chen Jan-Yow , Lin Kuo-Hung , Chang Kuan-Cheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImpaired left atrial appendage ejection fraction (LAA-EF) and peak LAA flow velocity (LAA-FV) are associated with high thromboembolic risks in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Herein, we examined LAA function among patients with atrial flutter (AFL) stratified by the CHA2DS2-VASc score using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Of 231 consecutive patients with typical AFL, 84 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Among them, 57 had ongoing AFL and were divided into the isolated AFL (n = 38) and AFL with paroxysmal AF (PAF) (n = 19) groups, depending on whether they had sporadic AF before TEE. The remaining 27 patients with spontaneous sinus rhythm during TEE were designated as controls. Both the LAA-FV (31.9 cm/s vs. 51.5 cm/s, P = 0.004) and LAA-EF (28.4% vs. 36.5%, P = 0.024) measured during AFL were significantly lower in the AFL + PAF group than in the isolated AFL group. Significant inverse correlations between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and LAA-EF were identified in the AFL (P = 0.008) and AFL + PAF (P = 0.032) groups. We observed progressive LAA dysfunction in patients with AFL + PAF compared with that in patients with isolated AFL, and the LAA-EF was inversely correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score in these patients. Our findings may have implications on the application of thromboprophylactic therapy in patients with AFL.
Real-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy enabled by reaction-based BODIPY dyes
Authors: Liu Hanzhuang , Song Wenting , Gröninger Delia , Zhang Lei , Lu Yinghong , Chan Kin Shing , Zhou Zhikuan , Rurack Knut , Shen Zhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReal-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy in living cells is highly desirable for a better understanding of intracellular degradative processes. Herein, we describe a reaction-based boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye containing strongly electron-withdrawing diethyl 2-cyanoacrylate groups at the α-positions. The probe exhibits intense red fluorescence in acidic organelles or the acidified cytosol while exhibiting negligible fluorescence in other regions of the cell. The underlying mechanism is a nucleophilic reaction at the central meso-carbon of the indacene core, resulting in the loss of π-conjugation entailed by dramatic spectroscopic changes of more than 200 nm between its colorless, non-fluorescent leuco-BODIPY form and its red and brightly emitting form. The reversible transformation between red fluorescent BODIPY and leuco-BODIPY along with negligible cytotoxicity qualifies such dyes for rapid and direct intracellular lysosome imaging and cytosolic acidosis detection simultaneously without any washing step, enabling the real-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy.
Controlled strong excitation of silicon as a step towards processing materials at sub-nanometer precision
Authors: Dinh Thanh-Hung , Medvedev Nikita , Ishino Masahiko , Kitamura Toshiyuki , Hasegawa Noboru , Otobe Tomohito , Higashiguchi Takeshi , Sakaue Kazuyuki , Washio Masakazu , Hatano Tadashi , Kon Akira , Kubota Yuya , Inubushi Yuichi , Owada Shigeki , Shibuya Tatsunori , Ziaja Beata , Nishikino Masaharu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInteraction of a solid material with focused, intense pulses of high-energy photons or other particles (such as electrons and ions) creates a strong electronic excitation state within an ultra-short time and on ultra-small spatial scales. This offers the possibility to control the response of a material on a spatial scale less than a nanometer—crucial for the next generation of nano-devices. Here we create craters on the surface of a silicon substrate by focusing single femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulse from the SACLA free-electron laser. We investigate the resulting surface modification in the vicinity of damage thresholds, establishing a connection to microscopic theoretical approaches, and, with their help, illustrating physical mechanisms for damage creation. The cooling during ablation by means of rapid electron and energy transport can suppress undesired hydrodynamical motions, allowing the silicon material to be directly processed with a precision reaching the observable limitation of an atomic force microscope.
Identification and physiological comparison of plant species that show positive or negative co-occurrence with selenium hyperaccumulators
Authors: Reynolds R Jason B , Jones Rachel R , Stonehouse Gavin C , El Mehdawi Ali F , Lima Leonardo W , Fakra Sirine C , Pilon-Smits Elizabeth A H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In these studies we identified and compared the properties of plant species that showed positive or negative co-occurrence with selenium (Se) hyperaccumulators in their natural habitat. The main questions addressed were: which species are most abundant directly adjacent to hyperaccumulators, and which are absent? How do Se accumulation and tolerance compare in species found to positively or negatively co-occur with hyperaccumulators? Approaches included field surveys, X-ray microprobe analysis of field samples, and a lab Se tolerance and accumulation study. When 54 hyperaccumulators across two naturally seleniferous sites were surveyed for their five nearest neighboring species, and the relative abundance of these species around hyperaccumulators compared to that in the overall vegetation, some species were identified to positively or negatively co-occur with hyperaccumulators. Several positively co-occurring species showed high Se accumulation capability (up to 900 mg Se per kg dry weight), which may reflect Se tolerance. Leaf X-ray microprobe analysis found relatively more organic forms of Se in two positively co-occurring species than in a negatively co-occurring one. There were elevated soil Se levels around Se hyperaccumulators, and neighbors of Se hyperaccumulators had a higher tissue Se concentration as compared to when the same species grew elsewhere in the area. The elevated soil Se levels around Se hyperaccumulators – likely resulting from litter deposition- may significantly affect the local plant community, facilitating Se-tolerant plant community members but lowering the fitness of Se-sensitive members.
Role of physiological monitoring in educational organizations
Authors: Shchkvirina Olga , Misirov Dinamutdin , Akopyan Marina , Loseva Irina 
Published: November 2019

An indicators analysis of the first-graders functional state and vegetative homeostasis obtained in the initial period of adaptation to the educational environment revealed gender differences in the rates of the adaptation process to new learning conditions. It has been established that girls’ adaptation mechanisms turn on earlier than boys’, with their similar orientation. The article provides an experimental justification of the indicators use legitimacy for heart rate variability to assess the functional state of the body in the acute period of adaptation to the educational environment.The importance of teacher physiological literacy for the optimization of the educational process is substantiated. The results of the study are convincing evidence of the knowledge importance for the physiological foundations of the occurrence and course of physiological and mental processes, stable individual psycho-physiological characteristics for the organization of the learning environment, corresponding to the functional capabilities of the body.This argument is also confirmed by many years of experience among master students key competencies development, which allow using such an objective criterion as the current functional state of the body to ensure, through the joint efforts of parents, teachers, psychologists, and doctors, the correction of the educational environment and psycho-physiological resistance of individual to it. The established differences in the dynamics of heart rate variability indicators for girls and boys can be used to form a health-saving program in school settings.
Utopia as social psychotherapy
Authors: Ingerlab Michail , Paniotova Taisiya 
Published: November 2019

The article considers the approach to modern utopian works as a means of social psychotherapy. This context is currently poorly developed, although for the first time “psychological utopia”, as a society of perfect mental health, was mentioned by A. Maslow.
Utopia, remaining the object of multidisciplinary research, in the era of digitalization and information technology acquires the ability to quicker than before be reflected in the mass consciousness, to acquire the significance of a cultural phenomenon, to determine the values and meanings of the activities of its adherents.
The authors analyze the significance of utopian ideas of rational individualism, techno-utopianism, trans-humanism as ideologies of social movements. The emerging phenomenon of socio-medial psychotherapy is presented for discussion.
The authors conclude that the psychotherapeutic meaning of utopias consists in their openness to the future, the denial of the negative present and the ability to construct socially significant ideals reflected in the individual psychology of contemporaries.
Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy in the Scrotum
Authors: Stepančec Hrvoje , Kokot Zoran , Keretić Draženko , Radiković Sandra , Grgurović Donat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFibrous hamartoma of infancy is a solid benign tumor of the subcutis, which usually occurs within the first 2 years of life. It predominantly occurs in males, and is clinically presented as a solid, painless, well-limited subcutaneous formation, tending to grow, and in most cases without any symptoms. It occurs in various locations. The aim of this case report was to present a case of a rare tumor of infancy in the scrotal region, in an 8-month-old male infant, with a nonspecific clinical picture, suggestive of a malignant formation, thus presenting a diagnostic challenge for a doctor. The tumor was completely removed. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological analysis. One year after the surgical procedure, a follow-up ultrasonography examination showed no relapse.
A Comparison between Pediatric and Adult Patients after Cranioplasty: Aseptic Bone Resorption Causes Earlier Revision in Children
Authors: Göttsche Jennifer , Fritzsche Friederike , Kammler Gertrud , Sauvigny Thomas , Westphal Manfred , Regelsberger Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and Study Aims/Objective Cranioplasty, a common neurosurgical intervention following decompressive craniectomy (DC), is associated with high complication rates. Bone flap resorption in particular leads to a considerable number of patients requiring further surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and time of occurrence of complications following cranioplastic procedures in children and adults.
Material and Methods Data of children and adults who underwent cranioplasty between July 2010 and March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical data, complications, and risk factors regarding aseptic bone resorption (ABR) were evaluated including patient age, occurrence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, and number of fragments in autologous bone flaps.
Results Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was the leading cause for DC among children (66.7%), associated with a significantly higher number of fragments (p = 0.002). In the adult population, the most common cause was malignant infarction (55.9%) followed by TBI (24.6%). Pediatric patients in our institution received autologous bone flaps less frequently than adult patients (61.1% and 83.1%, respectively). Young age and a higher number of fragments in autologous bone flaps were associated with the occurrence of ABR. Children and adolescents showed significantly higher rates of aseptic bone necrosis (p = 0.007) and revision cranioplasty (p = 0.036). Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to further analyze bone flap resorption in children and adults, showing that revision surgery due to ABR was performed earlier in children (p = 0.001, log-rank test).
Conclusion Pediatric patients demand specific care when cranioplasty is performed following DC. We identified age as an independent risk factor. The higher number of fragments appears to be a correlation due to the higher number of TBIs in children. Our data indicate that young age is the most important risk factor for the development of ABR as a frequent and early complication with a shorter revision-free time interval in children. Consequently, the uncritical use of cryopreserved autologous bone flaps should be questioned in this population.
Anemia of Prematurity and Oral Feeding Milestones in Premature Infants
Authors: Viswanathan Sreekanth , Jadcherla Sudarshan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective Anemia of prematurity (AOP) and oral feeding problems are common in premature infants. This study aimed to determine the influence of AOP on aerodigestive outcomes and the duration to full Per Oral (PO).Study Design Prospectively collected data on premature infants who initiated oral feeds at ≤ 34 weeks' postmenstrual age were examined. Infants were categorized into “AOP+” and “AOP−” based on hematocrit at initial PO, that is, < 29 or ≥ 29%.Results Forty-four infants in AOP+ compared with 74 in AOP−. AOP+ infants had lower birth gestation and weight (p < 0.001). The anthropometrics at initial PO were similar. AOP+ had lower mean hematocrit and higher oxygen need at initial PO, and at full PO (p < 0.05). AOP+ reached full PO at a later gestation and took longer days from initial PO to full PO (p < 0.01). BPD, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH ≤ 2), and hospital stay were greater in the AOP+ (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, initial PO hematocrit was not predictive of time to full PO [hazard ratio 1.3 (CI 0.88–2.0), p = 0.18].Conclusion AOP is not independently associated with the duration to full PO. Supplemental oxygen for associated comorbidities may have compensated for the underlying anemia.
Musicogenic Epilepsy: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, and Review of Literature
Authors: Marashly Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMusicogenic epilepsy is a special type of reflex epilepsy characterized by recurring seizures in response to hearing-specific musical triggers. Clinical features include focal dyscognitive seizures with typical temporal lobe semiology, normal structural brain imaging, functional imaging abnormalities in wide regions of the brain responsible for emotional and musical processing, variable locations of seizure onset within the temporal lobe, and in refractory cases good response to surgery. Musicogenic epilepsy is poorly understood from a pathophysiological standpoint and thus reflects the complexity of brain networks responsible for auditory, emotional, and cognitive functions.
Esophageal Lung in a Preterm Boy—Report on a Multidisciplinary Treatment
Authors: Villamizar Enrique , Villamizar Maria Daniela Moreno , Ciro Mauricio Pedraza , Pulido Jean , Rodriguez Maria , Villamizar Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEsophageal lung is a rare entity that results from embryological alterations during the formation of the ventral wall of the anterior intestine. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are vague, including respiratory or digestive symptoms, repetitive respiratory infections, dysphagia, or inability to swallow. The management is based on the exact anatomical and vascular abnormalities. We report the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a preterm boy with esophageal lung. Also, we present a three-dimensional model for the classification of this pathology. In conclusion, the management relies on proper definition of the anatomy and the surgical strategy.