bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HD-ZIP IV transcription factor Tril regulates fruit spine density through gene dosage effects in cucumber
Authors: Du Hui , Wang Gang , Pan Jian , Chen Yue , Xiao Tingting , Zhang Leyu , Zhang Keyan , Wen Haifan , Xiong Liangrong , Yu Yao , He Huanle , Pan Junsong , Cai Run 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrichomes and fruit spines are important traits that directly affect the appearance quality and commercial value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Tril (Trichome-less), encodes a HD-Zip IV transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines, but little is known about the details of the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, analysis of tissue expression patterns indicated that Tril is expressed and functions in the early stages of organ initiation and development. Expression of Tril under the control of its own promoter (the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag fragment) could partly rescue the mutant phenotypes of tril, csgl3 (cucumber glabrous 3, an allelic mutant of tril), and fs1 (few spines 1, a fragment substitution in the Tril promoter region), providing further evidence that Tril is responsible for the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines. In lines with dense spine, fs1-type lines, and transgenic lines of different backgrounds containing the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag foreign fragment, spine density increased in conjunction with increases in Tril expression, indicating that Tril has a gene dosage effect on fruit spine density in cucumber. Numerous Spines (NS) is a negative regulatory factor of fruit spine density. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between Tril and NS/ns demonstrated that Tril functions upstream of NS with respect to spine initiation. Overall, our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism governing the effect of Tril on fruit spine development, and provide a reference for future work on breeding for physical quality in cucumber.
Nutritional status and eating habits of people who use drugs and/or are undergoing treatment for recovery: a narrative review
Authors: Mahboub Nadine , Rizk Rana , Karavetian Mirey , de Vries Nanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comprehensive overview is presented of the nutritional issues faced by people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery. Chronic substance use affects a person’s nutritional status and body composition through decreased intake, nutrient absorption, and dysregulation of hormones that alter the mechanisms of satiety and food intake. Anthropometrics alone is not the best indicator of nutritional status, because this population has hidden deficiencies and disturbed metabolic parameters. Socioeconomic factors (eg, higher education, higher income, presence of a partner, living at home) positively affect nutritional status. Scarce available data on users undergoing treatment indicate improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters but with micronutrient intake remaining suboptimal. Weight gain is noted especially among women who use drugs and potentially increases their risk of relapse. Finally, specific amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids are promising in decreasing relapse and improving mental health during treatment; however, additional high-quality studies are needed. Nutrition intervention for people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery is underused; comprehensive programs addressing this population’s unique needs are necessary. Future research will identify which components are needed.
Influence of organizational stress on reported depressive symptoms among police
Authors: Chan J F , Andersen J P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of research on operational stress injuries (OSIs) among police officers and first responders. Most studies focus on operational stressors’ contribution to OSI and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, preliminary research shows that organizational stressors may uniquely contribute to OSI and depression, and thus should be examined more closely.AimsThis study explored the influence of organizational stress on symptoms of depression in a sample of police officers from a large urban region.MethodsFront-line (n = 109) police officers completed questionnaires measuring police organizational and operational stress, depression, anxiety, hostility, rumination, perceived social support and social desirability. Using negative binomial regression (NBR), a best subset model of self-reported depression symptoms was derived from the full model (a function of gender, age, police experience (years), organizational stress, operational stress, anxiety, anger, rumination and social support), based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) goodness of fit.ResultsOrganizational stress and anxiety were positively associated with self-reported depression symptoms. A paired t-test revealed no significant difference between reported organizational and operational stress levels.ConclusionsOrganizational stress may uniquely contribute to OSI and depressive symptoms and should be examined in future research. Findings support prior literature suggesting that initiatives to treat OSI among police should address workplace environment and organizational stressors. Addressing organizational issues in police culture and developing long-lasting initiatives is key in the future of OSI prevention and treatment for police officers.
Pyroxenite Xenoliths Record Complex Melt Impregnation in the Deep Lithosphere of the Northwestern North China Craton
Authors: Dai Hong-Kun , Zheng Jian-Ping , Griffin William L , O’Reilly Suzanne Y , Xiong Qing , Ping Xian-Quan , Chen Fu-Kun , Lu Jiang-Gu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransformation of refractory cratonic mantle into more fertile lithologies is the key to the fate of cratonic lithosphere. This process has been extensively studied in the eastern North China Craton (NCC) while that of its western part is still poorly constrained. A comprehensive study of newly-found pyroxenite xenoliths from the Langshan area, in the northwestern part of this craton is integrated with a regional synthesis of pyroxenite and peridotite xenoliths to constrain the petrogenesis of the pyroxenites and provide an overview of the processes involved in the modification of the deep lithosphere.The Langshan pyroxenites are of two types, high-Mg# [Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+)*100 = ∼90, atomic ratios] olivine-bearing websterites with high equilibration temperatures (880–970 oC), and low-Mg# (70–80) plagioclase-bearing websterites with low equilibration temperatures (550–835 oC). The high-Mg# pyroxenites show trade-off abundances of olivine and orthopyroxene, highly depleted bulk Sr–Nd (εNd = +11·41, 87Sr/86Sr = ∼0·7034) and low clinopyroxene Sr isotopic ratios (mean 87Sr/86Sr = ∼0·703). They are considered to reflect the reaction of mantle peridotites with silica-rich silicate melts derived from the convective mantle. Their depletion in fusible components (e.g., FeO, TiO2 and Na2O) and progressive exhaustion of incompatible elements suggest melt extraction after their formation. The low-Mg# pyroxenites display layered structures, convex-upward rare earth element patterns, moderately enriched bulk Sr–Nd isotopic ratios (εNd = -14·20– -16·74, 87Sr/86Sr = 0·7070–0·7078) and variable clinopyroxene Sr-isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0·706–0·711). They are interpreted to be crustal cumulates from hypersthene-normative melts generated by interaction between the asthenosphere and heterogeneous lithospheric mantle.Combined with studies on regional peridotite xenoliths, it is shown that the thinning and refertilization of the lithospheric mantle was accompanied by crustal rejuvenation and that such processes occurred ubiquitously in the northwestern part of the NCC. A geodynamic model is proposed for the evolution of the deep lithosphere, which includes long-term mass transfer through a mantle wedge into the deep crust from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic, triggered by subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Late Mesozoic lithospheric extension of eastern Asia.
Neurophysiological, Oculomotor, and Computational Modeling of Impaired Reading Ability in Schizophrenia
Authors: Dias Elisa C , Sheridan Heather , Martínez Antígona , Sehatpour Pejman , Silipo Gail , Rohrig Stephanie , Hochman Ayelet , Butler Pamela D , Hoptman Matthew J , Revheim Nadine , Javitt Daniel C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Schizophrenia (Sz) is associated with deficits in fluent reading ability that compromise functional outcomes. Here, we utilize a combined eye-tracking, neurophysiological, and computational modeling approach to analyze underlying visual and oculomotor processes. Subjects included 26 Sz patients (SzP) and 26 healthy controls. Eye-tracking and electroencephalography data were acquired continuously during the reading of passages from the Gray Oral Reading Tests reading battery, permitting between-group evaluation of both oculomotor activity and fixation-related potentials (FRP). Schizophrenia patients showed a marked increase in time required per word (d = 1.3, P &lt; .0001), reflecting both a moderate increase in fixation duration (d = .7, P = .026) and a large increase in the total saccade number (d = 1.6, P &lt; .0001). Simulation models that incorporated alterations in both lower-level visual and oculomotor function as well as higher-level lexical processing performed better than models that assumed either deficit-type alone. In neurophysiological analyses, amplitude of the fixation-related P1 potential (P1f) was significantly reduced in SzP (d = .66, P = .013), reflecting reduced phase reset of ongoing theta-alpha band activity (d = .74, P = .019). In turn, P1f deficits significantly predicted increased saccade number both across groups (P = .017) and within SzP alone (P = .042). Computational and neurophysiological methods provide increasingly important approaches for investigating sensory contributions to impaired cognition during naturalistic processing in Sz. Here, we demonstrate deficits in reading rate that reflect both sensory/oculomotor- and semantic-level impairments and that manifest, respectively, as alterations in saccade number and fixation duration. Impaired P1f generation reflects impaired fixation-related reset of ongoing brain rhythms and suggests inefficient information processing within the early visual system as a basis for oculomotor dyscontrol during fluent reading in Sz.
Longitudinal association of nighttime sleep duration with emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood: results from the Danish Healthy Start Study
Authors: Zheng Miaobing , Rangan Anna , Olsen Nanna Julie , Heitmann Berit L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the longitudinal and bidirectional association between nighttime sleep duration and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) over 15 months among preschool children.

Methods
Data of children aged 2 to 6 years from the control group of the Danish Healthy Start Study, a 15-month obesity prevention intervention, were used. Nighttime sleep duration was measured using a 7-day sleep record. EBPs were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) score and Prosocial Behavior (SDQ-PSB) score. Multivariable regression models were conducted to examine the bidirectional associations between changes in nighttime sleep duration and SDQ scores.

Results
With adjustment for child, family factors, and parental stress level, every hour extra nighttime sleep at baseline was associated with a 1.02 decrease in SDQ-TD score and 77% lower odds of having an abnormal SDQ-TD score (≥90th percentile) at the follow-up (p = 0.01). Children who increased their nighttime sleep duration over the 15-month demonstrated a similar concurrent reduction in SDQ-TD score (β = −1.28, p = 0.02) compared with those who decreased or had no change in nighttime sleep duration. After additional adjustment for sleep problem and habit variables, the significant associations remained. No associations were found between nighttime sleep duration and SDQ-PSB scores. Examination of SDQ scores as predictors of subsequent changes in nighttime sleep duration showed no significant associations.

Conclusions
Among preschool children, longer nighttime sleep duration was associated with a decline in EBPs, but not vice versa. Our study provides new longitudinal evidence to support sleep interventions to improve EBPs in early childhood.
Clinical trials: The Healthy Start Study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01583335
Trial registration: ID NCT01583335
Cannabis and acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Emanuel Tatiana , Varney Shawn M. , McRoy Georgia , Tanaka Kaori 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Marijuana is one of the most commonly consumed psychotropic drugs in the world. It has been associated with adverse cardiovascular reactions including acute coronary syndrome, but this information is not widely known among emergency medicine clinicians. This article describes cannabis use as a contributing factor to acute myocardial infarction in a young woman with chest pain.
Intrathecal hydromorphone as an analgesia option for gynecology patients
Authors: Gajarawala Shilpa , Wells Ali , Watkins Elyse , Rust Bartley , Archambault Mark 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative strategy originally developed to attenuate the postsurgical stress response in patients after colorectal surgery. Patients undergoing gynecologic surgery who had ERAS had significantly shorter hospital length of stay, reduced hospital-related costs, and acceptable pain management with reduced opioid use, without compromising patient satisfaction. Intrathecal hydromorphone is an effective alternative ERAS protocol analgesia for these patients and will not compromise patient outcomes or healthcare costs.
Preliminary results of reconstruction of proximal humeral bone loss with a reverse total shoulder prosthesis using a modular endoprosthetic reconstruction system: a case series
Authors: Feldman John J. , Duquin Thomas R. , Azar Frederick M. , Throckmorton Thomas W. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Osteoarticular allografts and allograft-prosthesis composites have decreased some complications but have introduced others, prompting development of implants that combine a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) prosthesis with a modular endoprosthetic reconstruction system.

Methods:
Data were collected prospectively from two institutions for all patients with massive proximal humeral bone loss who had reconstruction with RTSA using a single modular endoprosthetic system. The primary outcome measure was failure of the reconstruction, defined as need for revision surgery or radiographic evidence of component failure. Preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes and patient-reported outcomes, determined through preoperative and postoperative Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (quickDASH) scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) scores, and visual analog scores (VAS), were compared.

Results:
Seven female and five male patients met inclusion criteria. The most common reason for proximal bone loss was failure of a previous arthroplasty procedure (six patients). Average forward flexion and internal rotation improved significantly, as did the average quickDASH, ASES and VAS scores. Failure of humeral component fixation occurred in three patients.

Conclusions:
Early results show that a RTSA prosthesis using a modular endoprosthetic reconstruction system is a viable option for massive proximal humeral bone loss. Further studies are needed to investigate longevity and longer-term outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Barriers and facilitators towards colonoscopy: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Lim Kia Teng , Ng Cheng Han , Decruz Glenn Moses , Lim Tian Zhi , Devi Kamala , Tan Ker-Kan , Chong Choon Seng 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
Colonoscopy is integral in the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), be it for screening, diagnostic or therapeutic intentions. Despite the presence of multiple screening modalities, colonoscopy remains integral in providing a definitive CRC diagnosis. However, uptake rates remain low worldwide with minimal understanding towards stakeholders’ perspectives. This systematic review is the first to outline the barriers and facilitators faced by providers and patients in receiving colonoscopy specifically.

Methods
Using PRISMA guidelines, our systematic review consolidates findings from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core collection. All perceptions of healthcare providers and screening participants aged 45 and above towards colonoscopy were included.

Results
Forty-five articles were included in our review. Five major analytical themes were identified – procedural perceptions, personal experiences, thoughts and concerns, societal influences, doctor-patient relationship and healthcare system. The discrepancies in knowledge between patients and providers have evidently reduced in the present decade, potentially attributable to the rising influence of social media. The sharing of providers’ personal experiences, involvement of patients’ family in colonoscopy recommendations and propagation of patients’ positive recounts were also more apparent in the past compared to the present decade, highlighting the need to reevaluate the balance between medical confidentiality and personal touch. Additionally, Asian patients were reportedly more apathetic towards CRC diagnosis due to their strong belief in destiny, a crucial association consistent with present studies.

Conclusion
This study highlights pertinent gaps in our healthcare system, providing crucial groundwork for interventions to be enacted in engendering higher colonoscopy uptake rates.
Metabolic syndrome and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mariani Marco , Sassano Michele , Boccia Stefania 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis.

Methods
Literature search was performed using the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Embase and Cinahl Complete until December 2019. Cohort and case-control studies were included. Study-specific association measures were pooled using a random-effect model.

Results
A total of 14 studies included in the qualitative synthesis of which nine were meta-analyzed. The majority were cohort studies (92%) and set in Asia (57%). The pooled analysis reported no association between MetS and GC risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92–1.18; I
2 = 74.2%, P < 0.001], however when the analysis was stratified according to the geographic area and sex, Western women with MetS had an increased risk of GC (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47; I
2 = 4.6%, P = 0.351). We did not observe an increased risk of unfavorable prognosis for individuals with MetS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.25–6.08).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that GC risk might be associated with MetS in women although larger studies are needed. Preventing and treating MetS, however, might have overall beneficial effect on several noncommunicable diseases and in this sense should be pursued.
Fractional Pixel CO2 laser treatment for decubitus ulcer in advanced pelvic organ prolapse: a case report
Authors: Murina Filippo , Soligo Marco , Stellio Leonardo Nelva , Cetin Irene 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Cervicovaginal decubitus ulceration is a complication of advanced pelvic organ prolapse that is very difficult to manage. Here, we report on the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser treatment for a wide decubitus ulcer over an apical vaginal vault prolapse.

Methods:
We report a case of a postmenopausal woman with a wide decubitus ulcer over a vaginal vault prolapse. A fractional microablative CO2 Pixel laser system (Alma Lasers, Cesarea, Israel), equipped with an appropriate probe for the vulva, was used to treat the ulceration of a 78-year-old patient across three laser sessions with 30-day intervals.

Results:
A significant improvement in the decubitus ulcer was noted in a check-up held 2 months after the final laser session, with approximately 95% wound healing observed. No side effects were reported during or after the laser therapy.

Conclusions:
This case demonstrates that fractional Pixel CO2 laser treatment is a viable option for managing decubitus ulcers before definitive surgery in postmenopausal women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse.
JAK Inhibition for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis: Limitations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bose Prithviraj , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 2011 approval of ruxolitinib ushered in the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor era in the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF), and 2019 saw the US approval of fedratinib. The first therapeutic agents approved by regulatory authorities for MF, these drugs attenuate the overactive JAK‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling universally present in these patients, translating into major clinical benefits in terms of spleen shrinkage and symptom improvement. These, in turn, confer a survival advantage on patients with advanced disease, demonstrated in the case of ruxolitinib, for which long‐term follow‐up data are available. However, JAK inhibitors do not improve cytopenias in most patients, have relatively modest effects on bone marrow fibrosis and driver mutation allele burden, and clinical resistance eventually develops. Furthermore, they do not modify the risk of transformation to blast phase; indeed, their mechanism of action may be more anti‐inflammatory than truly disease‐modifying. This has spurred interest in rational combinations of JAK inhibitors with other agents that may improve cytopenias and drugs that could potentially modify the natural history of MF. Newer JAK inhibitors that are distinguished from ruxolitinib and fedratinib by their ability to improve anemia (eg, momelotinib) or safety and efficacy in severely thrombocytopenic patients (eg, pacritinib) are in phase 3 clinical trials. There is also interest in developing inhibitors that are highly selective for mutant JAK2, as well as “type II” JAK2 inhibitors. Overall, although current JAK inhibitors have limitations, they will likely continue to form the backbone of MF therapy for the foreseeable future.