bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling Metacognition in Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Palmieri Sara , Gentile Nicola , Da Ros Annalisa , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch has shown that metacognition may play a role in problem eating. In this study we explored whether aspects of metacognition are relevant to the understanding of binge eating in patients with Binge Eating Disorder. We aimed to ascertain: (1) the presence of metacognitive beliefs about binge eating; (2) the goal of, and stop signal for, binge eating; and (3) the impact of binge eating on self-consciousness. Ten Binge Eating Disorder patients took part in the study and were assessed using the metacognitive profiling semi-structured interview. Results suggested that all patients endorsed both positive and negative metacognitive beliefs about binge eating. The goals of binge eating were stop thinking about personal concerns and improve emotional state. All patients reported that they did not know when these goals had been reached. The stop signals for binge eating included physical discomfort, beliefs about binge eating not being the best way to solve problems, and environmental stimuli. All patients also confirmed that a reduction in self-consciousness occurred during a binge eating episode. The results of this study confirm that metacognition may indeed be relevant to the understanding of Binge Eating Disorder.
Stress-Energy in Liouville Conformal Field Theory
Authors: Kupiainen Antti , Oikarinen Joona 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe construct the stress-energy tensor correlation functions in probabilistic Liouville conformal field theory (LCFT) on the two-dimensional sphere $${\mathbb {S}}^2$$

S

2

by studying the variation of the LCFT correlation functions with respect to a smooth Riemannian metric on $${\mathbb {S}}^2$$

S

2

. In particular we derive conformal Ward identities for these correlation functions. This forms the basis for the construction of a representation of the Virasoro algebra on the canonical Hilbert space of the LCFT. In Kupiainen et al. (Commun Math Phys 371:1005–1069, 2019) the conformal Ward identities were derived for one and two stress-energy tensor insertions using a different definition of the stress-energy tensor and Gaussian integration by parts. By defining the stress-energy correlation functions as functional derivatives of the LCFT correlation functions and using the smoothness of the LCFT correlation functions proven in Oikarinen (Ann Henri Poincaré 20(7):2377–2406, 2019) allows us to control an arbitrary number of stress-energy tensor insertions needed for representation theory.
The perceived well-being and health costs of exiting self-employment
Authors: Nikolova Milena , Nikolaev Boris , Popova Olga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe explore how involuntary and voluntary exits from self-employment affect life and health satisfaction. To that end, we use rich longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1985 to 2017 and a difference-in-differences estimator. We find that while transitioning from self-employment to salaried employment brings small improvements in health and life satisfaction, the negative psychological costs of business failure (i.e., switching from self-employment to unemployment) are substantial and exceed the costs of involuntarily losing a salaried job. Meanwhile, leaving self-employment has no consequences for self-reported physical health and behaviors such as smoking and drinking, implying that the costs of losing self-employment are mainly psychological. Moreover, former business owners fail to adapt to an involuntary self-employment exit even 2 or more years after this traumatic event. Our findings imply that policies encouraging entrepreneurship should also carefully consider the nonmonetary implications of business failure.
An adaptive system for autonomous driving
Authors: Zimmermann Martin , Wotawa Franz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHaving systems that can adapt themselves in case of faults or changing environmental conditions is of growing interest for industry and especially for the automotive industry considering autonomous driving. In autonomous driving, it is vital to have a system that is able to cope with faults in order to enable the system to reach a safe state. In this paper, we present an adaptive control method that can be used for this purpose. The method selects alternative actions so that given goal states can be reached, providing the availability of a certain degree of redundancy. The action selection is based on weight models that are adapted over time, capturing the success rate of certain actions. Besides the method, we present a Java implementation and its validation based on two case studies motivated by the requirements of the autonomous driving domain. We show that the presented approach is applicable both in case of environmental changes but also in case of faults occurring during operation. In the latter case, the methods provide an adaptive behavior very much close to the optimal selection.
Diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring—open questions and areas for future research
Authors: Hofauer B. , Braumann B. , Heiser C. , Herzog M. , Maurer J. T. , Plößl S. , Sommer J. U. , Steffen A. , Verse T. , Stuck B. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Study objectives
Snoring is a common phenomenon which is generated by vibration of soft tissue of the upper airway during sleep. Due to the high incidence of isolated snoring and the substantial burden for the patient and the bed partner, a thorough examination and appropriate therapy are required. Many recommendations for the treatment of isolated snoring are either not evidence-based or are derived from recommendations for the management of obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore, the aim of this study is the identification and description of open questions in the diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring and the illustration of areas for further research.

Methods
In the context of the development of the new version of the German guideline “Diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring in adults,” a multidisciplinary team of experts performed a systematic literature search on the relevant medical data and rated the current evidence regarding the key diagnostic and therapeutic measures for snoring.

Results
The systematic literature review identified 2293 articles. As a major inclusion criterion, only studies on primary snoring based on objective sleep medical assessment were selected. After screening and evaluation, 33 full-text articles remained for further analysis. Based on these articles, open questions and areas for future research were identified for this review.

Conclusion
Several major gaps in the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of isolated snoring were identified. For the majority of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for snoring, high-level scientific evidence is still lacking.
Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model
Authors: Jehan Shah , Ullah Ihsan , Khan Sardar , Muhammad Said , Khattak Seema Anjum , Khan Tariq 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and salinity hazards, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk of HM in the study area. For water-related health risk, HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values were > 1, indicating noncarcinogenic health risk (NCR) posed by these HM to the exposed population.
The Problem of Indifference to Suffering in the Mahābhārata Tradition
Authors: Sharma Vishal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn theMahābhārata, Kṛṣṇa is regularly accused of ignoring harm that befalls its various characters. In fact, the Sanskrit verbupekṣ(“to overlook, disregard, or ignore”) is applied more consistently to Kṛṣṇa than any other figure in the epic. Through its use, both theMahābhārataand the tradition raise a question: how can Kṛṣṇa be indifferent to two genocides (the massacre of the Kurus and the Yādavas) and the mistreatment of Draupadī? Although previous studies on theodicies in the epic have focused on the issue of Kṛṣṇa’s omnipotence (or lack thereof) in theMahābhārata, this article argues that the question of omnipotence is irrelevant because Kṛṣṇa does not want to prevent the suffering of a large-scale war—his neglect isintentional. From this question of (intentional) neglect, the theological problem of indifference to suffering arises for these early readers of theMahābhārata: under what circumstances is it justified for Kṛṣṇa to neglect the suffering of others, despite being able to prevent it? In presenting this problem, this article also draws attention to the importance of commentaries on the epics and Purāṇas as a source of study for vexed ethical and theological questions such as this one.
Combining visual analytics and case-based reasoning for rupture risk assessment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Spitz Lena , Niemann Uli , Beuing Oliver , Neyazi Belal , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Medical case-based reasoning solves problems by applying experience gained from the outcome of previous treatments of the same kind. Particularly for complex treatment decisions, for example, incidentally found intracranial aneurysms (IAs), it can support the medical expert. IAs bear the risk of rupture and may lead to subarachnoidal hemorrhages. Treatment needs to be considered carefully, since it may entail unnecessary complications for IAs with low rupture risk. With a rupture risk prediction based on previous cases, the treatment decision can be supported.

Methods
We present an interactive visual exploration tool for the case-based reasoning of IAs. In presence of a new aneurysm of interest, our application provides visual analytics techniques to identify the most similar cases with respect to morphology. The clinical expert can obtain the treatment, including the treatment outcome, for these cases and transfer it to the aneurysm of interest. Our application comprises a heatmap visualization, an adapted scatterplot matrix and fully or partially directed graphs with a circle- or force-directed layout to guide the interactive selection process. To fit the demands of clinical applications, we further integrated an interactive identification of outlier cases as well as an interactive attribute selection for the similarity calculation. A questionnaire evaluation with six trained physicians was used.

Result
Our application allows for case-based reasoning of IAs based on a reference data set. Three classifiers summarize the rupture state of the most similar cases. Medical experts positively evaluated the application.

Conclusion
Our case-based reasoning application combined with visual analytic techniques allows for representation of similar IAs to support the clinician. The graphical representation was rated very useful and provides visual information of the similarity of the k most similar cases.
Bounded Evaluation: Querying Big Data with Bounded Resources
Authors: Cao Yang , Fan Wen-Fei , Yuan Teng-Fei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aims to reduce queries on big data to computations on small data, and hence make querying big data possible under bounded resources. A query Q is boundedly evaluable when posed on any big dataset $${\cal D}$$
D
, there exists a fraction $${{\cal D}_Q}$$

D
Q

of $${\cal D}$$
D
such that $$Q({\cal D}) = Q({{\cal D}_Q})$$
Q
(
D
)
=
Q
(

D
Q

)
, and the cost of identifying $${{\cal D}_Q}$$

D
Q

is independent of the size of $${\cal D}$$
D
. It has been shown that with an auxiliary structure known as access schema, many queries in relational algebra (RA) are boundedly evaluable under the set semantics of RA. This paper extends the theory of bounded evaluation to RAaggr, i.e., RA extended with aggregation, under the bag semantics. (1) We extend access schema to bag access schema, to help us identify $${{\cal D}_Q}$$

D
Q

for RAaggr queries Q. (2) While it is undecidable to determine whether an RAaggr query is boundedly evaluable under a bag access schema, we identify special cases that are decidable and practical. (3) In addition, we develop an effective syntax for bounded RAaggr queries, i.e., a core subclass of boundedly evaluable RAaggr queries without sacrificing their expressive power. (4) Based on the effective syntax, we provide efficient algorithms to check the bounded evaluability of RAaggr queries and to generate query plans for bounded RAaggr queries. (5) As proof of concept, we extend PostgreSQL to support bounded evaluation. We experimentally verify that the extended system improves performance by orders of magnitude.
Modelling the Age-Hardening Precipitation by a Revised Langer and Schwartz Approach with Log-Normal Size Distribution
Authors: Zhao Dongdong , Xu Yijiang , Gouttebroze Sylvain , Friis Jesper , Li Yanjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new numerical modelling approach integrating the Langer and Schwartz approach and log-normal particle size distribution has been developed to depict the precipitation kinetics of age-hardening precipitates in Al alloys. The modelling framework has been implemented to predict the precipitation behavior of the key secondary phases in 6xxx and 7xxx Al alloys subjected to artificial aging. The simulation results are in good agreement with the available experimental data in terms of precipitate number density, radius, and volume fraction. The initial shape parameter of the log-normal size distribution entering the modeling framework turns to play an important role in affecting the later-stage evolution of precipitation. It is revealed that the evolution of size distribution is not significant when a small shape parameter is adopted in the modelling, while an initial large shape parameter will cause substantial broadening of the particle size distribution during aging. Regardless of the magnitude of shape parameter, a broadening of the particle size distribution as predicted by the present model is in agreement with experimental observations. It is also shown that large shape parameter will accelerate the coarsening rate at later aging stage, which induces fast decreasing of number density and increased growth rate of mean/critical radius. A comparison to the Euler-like multi-class approach demonstrates that the integration of more realistic log-normal distribution and Langer and Schwartz model make the present modelling faster and equivalently accurate in precipitation prediction.
A multidisciplinary consensus on the morphological and functional responses to immunotherapy treatment
Authors: Leon-Mateos L. , Garcia-Velloso M. J. , García-Figueiras R. , Rodriguez-Moreno J. F. , Vercher-Conejero J. L. , Sánchez M. , Perez Gracia J. L. , Simo-Perdigo M. , Gorospe L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe implementation of immunotherapy has radically changed the treatment of oncological patients. Currently, immunotherapy is indicated in the treatment of patients with head and neck tumors, melanoma, lung cancer, bladder tumors, colon cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, liver cancer, leukemia and lymphomas. However, its efficacy is restricted to a limited number of cases. The challenge is, therefore, to identify which subset of patients would benefit from immunotherapy. To this end, the establishment of immunotherapy response criteria and predictive and prognostic biomarkers is of paramount interest. In this report, a group of experts of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM) provide an up-to-date review and a consensus guide on these issues.
Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Catheter Evacuation for the Treatment of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Leiyang , Liu Haixiao , Luo Jianing , Tan Zhijun , Gao Junmei , Wang Ping , Jing Wenting , Fan Ruixi , Zhang Xiaoyang , Guo Hao , Bai Hao , Cui Wenxing , Wu Xun , Qu Yan , Guo Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, minimally invasive techniques, including endoscopic evacuation and minimally invasive catheter (MIC) evacuation, have been used for the treatment of patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH). However, credible evidence is still needed to validate the effects of these techniques. To explore the long-term outcomes of both surgical techniques in the treatment of SCH. Fifty-two patients with SCH who received endoscopic evacuation or MIC evacuation were retrospectively reviewed. Six-month mortality and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of the different surgical techniques on patient outcomes. In the present study, the mortality rate for the entire cohort was 34.6%. Univariate analysis showed that the surgical technique and preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score affected 6-month mortality. However, no variables were found to be correlated with 6-month mRS scores. Further multivariate analysis demonstrated that 6-month mortality in the endoscopic evacuation group was significantly lower than that in the MIC evacuation group (OR = 4.346, 95% CI 1.056 to 17.886). The 6-month mortality rate in the preoperative GCS 9–14 group was significantly lower than that in the GCS 3–8 group (OR = 7.328, 95% CI 1.723 to 31.170). Compared with MIC evacuation, endoscopic evacuation significantly decreased 6-month mortality in SCH patients. These preliminary results warrant further large, prospective, randomized studies.
Biological Consequences of Psychological Distress in Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Potential Relevance to Other Chronic Diseases Including Cancer
Authors: Dijkstra-de Neijs L. , Leenen P. J. M. , Hays J. P. , van der Valk E. S. , Kraaij R. , van Rossum E. F. C. , Ester W. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Caregivers of children with a chronic illness are a neglected group in medical research and patient care, and are frequently confronted with chronic psychological distress. The biological consequences of this chronic distress are unclear but highly relevant, as these caregivers have a lifelong task in caring for their child. In this review, the authors specifically describe caregiver distress related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the review may be relevant to other chronic diseases, including cancer.

Recent Findings
Epidemiological evidence illustrates the increased mortality risk in caregivers of children with ASD although some individual factors appear to diminish these risks. Biological studies demonstrate that caregiver distress can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis, a pro-inflammatory state of the immune and central nervous system, and gut microbiome imbalance.

Summary
Caregivers of children with a chronic illness like ASD deserve more health-related attention with respect to their psychological and physical well-being. Such attention would benefit individual caregivers, as well as their children, as both are highly interconnected. Structural psychological and physical screening of caregivers can be considered.
Agency in the face of path dependence: how organizations can regain scope for maneuver
Authors: Fortwengel Johann , Keller Arne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper tackles a key problem in path dependence research: how can locked-in organizations regain their scope for maneuver? Leveraging insights from two surprising and thus revelatory cases of organizations that have successfully escaped from path dependence, we develop the theoretical argument that regaining scope for maneuver can be achieved by interrupting the logic of a path’s underlying self-reinforcing mechanisms. More specifically, we argue that, through a targeted interruption of the working of these mechanisms, hyper-stable patterns inscribed in an organization can be gradually rewound—and alternative futures become possible. We position our paper within larger debates around the role of agency in path dependence theorizing, and we outline research frontiers to better understand the necessary antecedents of and exact relationship between mechanisms interruption and pattern unwinding.
How to digitalize inseparable service processes: the enabling role of internal and external support for innovation
Authors: Moker Anna , Brosi Prisca , Welpe Isabell M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcross industries, firms face the need to digitalize their service processes, i.e., transform the service delivery from a physical into a digital form or enhance it through digital technologies. Therefore, one important challenge can arise due to the inseparability of service processes, which describes the necessity for a customer to consume a service the moment which a service provider produces it. Since existing research has failed to examine inseparability as a predictor of service digitalization, this study aims to explore whether inseparability hinders the digitalization of service processes and whether internal support in form of innovation culture and external support from third parties can help to mitigate the influence of inseparability. Data from an online survey of 204 German service employees and managers confirm our hypotheses. These results demonstrate to practitioners that although it may be more difficult to digitalize service processes due to their inseparability, firms may rely on internal and external support for innovation to overcome this challenge.
Effect of shoulder features during friction spot extrusion welding of 2024-T3 to 6061-T6 aluminium alloys
Authors: Han Jinzhen , Paidar M. , Vignesh R. Vaira , Mehta Kush P. , Heidarzadeh A. , Ojo O. O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Friction spot extrusion welding process is successfully performed on dissimilar aluminum alloys of AA2024-T3 and AA6061-T6 under the influence of shoulder features. The joints were analysed by microstructural features and mechanical properties using conventional and advanced tools of visual inspection, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffractions, tensile testing and hardness testing. The results revealed that the joining was obtained by combination of mechanical locking from extruded material of top surface to predrilled bottom surface and diffusion in solid state. The stir zone and plastically deformed metal flow zone were influenced by scroll shoulder and smooth shoulder features. The tensile specimen of scroll shoulder was resulted to higher fracture load of 6381 N whereas the same was 4916 N in case of smooth shoulder. The interface of between plastically deformed metal flow zone and base material of AA6061-T6 can be considered as critical/weakest zone in case of friction spot extrusion. The variations of hardness were observed in stir zone, plastically deformed metal flow zone and thermo-mechanically affected zone in case of friction spot extrusion welding process.