bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Life Experiences of Sciencce and Mathematics Teachers– Mentors in Formulating Action Research to Enhance Learners’ Performance
Authors: Tupas Fernan P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This qualitative research used the life experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers and their mentors utilizing observation, interview and focused group discussion (FGD) to formulate action research. Life experience in this study is the depiction and understanding of human experiences, choices, and options and how these interests influenced one’s perception of knowledge when engage in action research. One of the common problems in Department of Education (DepEd) is that very few teachers engaged in action research even though many of them have excellent innovations to help below average learners. The reasons for these failures were lack of interest and unambiguous understanding about action research, and the lack of supports from the administration and funding. Many of them attended trainings, workshops and conferences but all had focused on concepts; no actual implementations on the process to articulate the procedure on doing action research. The results in local and national achievement tests were below national standards. Thus, teachers with great potentials in doing action research must be recognized and mentored. Also, collaborative work with SUCs faculty or other agencies is also recommended to help basic education teachers to make innovative outputs into functional products to enhance learning among below average learners.
The Identification Difficulty of Quantitative Reasoning Process toward the Calculus Students’ Covariation Problem
Authors: Syarifuddin  , Nusantara T , Qohar A , Muksar M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to identify the calculus students’ difficulties who involve in the process of quantitative reasoning toward covariation problems. The students of mathematics education program who are taking the calculus involve as the subject in this research. The research process is done in some stages; namely: first, assigning covariation problem within 60 minutes. Second, correcting and selecting the results that show the student’s difficulties of the covariation problem, then it is followed by confirming students’ answers through task-based interview process. Further, the process analyzed qualitatively by describing the students’ difficulties in the reasoning process. The research results are the calculus students’ difficulties descriptions in quantitative reasoning problems of covariation process, including: 1) the difficulties in building quantitative structures to generate new quantities; 2) the difficulties in identifying the curved graph on the covariation problem due to the tendency of linear quantity construction; 3) there was 86,27% calculus students have difficulties in the quantitative reasoning toward covariation problem process.
The analysis of mathematic problem solving ability by polya steps on material trigonometric reviewed from self-regulated learning
Authors: Fahrudin D , Mardiyana  , Pramudya I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem solving ability is a personal capability to identify the existing condition and relate it to knowledge owned by students. The steps in problem solving according to Polya are problem understanding, planning, implementing and evaluating of problem solving. This is a descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe and analyze students’ ability in problem solving based on Polya’s steps reviewed from self-regulated learning. The subject of the research is two students in each SRL (high, middle, low). The method of collecting data is test and interview. The result of the research comes to the students with high SRL can apply the Polya steps. The students with middle SRL can apply the problem understanding step. In the step of planning, students write the strategy leading to the correct answer but it has not completed yet. In the implementation step, students do the planned strategy but less complete in doing the calculation and they give improper conclusion at the evaluation step. Meanwhile, the students with low SRL can understand the problem by writing down what they know and what is asked. At the planning step, students write the relevant strategy but improper as heading to incorrect answer. At the step of implementation, they do not do the strategy appropriately as well at the stage of evaluation.
Development of learning devices: brain-based learning and mathematics critical thinking
Authors: Susanti Vera Dewi , Adamura Fatriya , Lusiana Restu , Andari Tri 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The low percentage of logarithms lesson only 22.36%[1]. The solution to overcoming the problems experienced by these students is through a brain-based learning approach that can help students to understand, think critically in solving logarithms problems. Development research is carried out using a modified 4-D model consisting of define, design, and develop. The research instruments used were validation sheets, legibility validation sheets, and student response questionnaires. Data analysis was performed on each data obtained with research instruments. The conclusion obtained is that the brain-based learning cooperative learning device in the form of good student worksheets has been achieved because the validator team states that the learning tools developed are valid, and the implementation of the trial, the device meets specific requirements. 81.23% above the minimum criteria value and 76 % of students experience an increase in cost from the previous value. This shows that using worksheets students can improve students’ critical thinking skills.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Caspi Amir , Cohen Christina M.S. , Holman Gordon , Jing Ju , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Kontar Eduard P. , McTiernan James M. , Mewaldt Richard A. , O’Flannagain Aidan , Richardson Ian G. , Ryan Daniel , Warren Harry P. , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate the global energetics and energy closure of various physical processes that are energetically important in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which includes: magnetic energies, thermal energies, nonthermal energies (particle acceleration), direct and indirect plasma heating processes, kinetic CME energies, gravitational CME energies, aerodynamic drag of CMEs, solar energetic particle events, EUV and soft X-ray radiation, white-light, and bolometric energies. Statistics on these forms of energies is obtained from 400 GOES M- and X-class events during the first 3.5 years of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. A primary test addressed in this study is the closure of the various energies, such as the equivalence of the dissipated magnetic energies and the primary dissipated are energies (accelerated particles, direct heating, CME acceleration), which faciliate the energy of secondary processes (plasma heating, shock acceleration) and interactions with the solar wind (aerodynamic drag). Our study demonstrates energy closure in the statistical average, while individual events may have considerable uncertainties, requiring improved nonlinear force-free field models, and particle acceleration models with observationally constrained low-energy cutoffs.
On the origin of the polytropic behavior in space plasmas
Authors: Livadiotis George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper addresses the connection between the polytropic behavior – the specific power-law relationship among the thermal plasma moments– and the functional form of the distribution of particle velocities and energies. Surprisingly, the polytropic behavior requires the statistical mechanics of the plasma particles to turn to the framework of kappa distributions. While it was already known that kappa distributions can lead to the polytropic relationship, the new result shows that the reverse derivation is also true; thus, the polytropic behavior has the role of a mechanism generating kappa distributions. Therefore, when observations confirm the existence of a polytropic behavior in plasma particles, then the framework of kappa distributions for describing particle velocities and energies can be indirectly confirmed.
Observation of Suprathermal Tails of He+ Pickup Ions across Solar Wind Compression Regions with STEREO PLASTIC
Authors: Möbius E , Bower J , Aly A , Berger L , Farrugia C , Galvin A B , Keilbach D , Klecker B , Lee M A , Schwadron N A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe presence of suprathermal tails of solar wind and pickup ions in interplanetary space has been widely observed, even during quiet times with no simultaneous observation of solar energetic particles. One of the persistent characteristics of these tails have been power law spectra of the velocity distribution function with av−5dependence in the solar wind reference frame and exponential fall-off at higher energies, but variations in the spectra including those of other species have also been observed. Several attempts to explain the formation of suprathermal tails during quiet times have been made, among them continuing acceleration by compressive fluctuations of the solar wind and the stochastic superposition of exponential, Gaussian, and variable power law spectra from diffusive shock, stochastic, and other acceleration processes. We find here that acceleration is effective within compression regions with and without shocks. In the context of a superposed epoch analysis of the evolution of He+ pickup ion distributions across compression regions, we report on a related study of He+ tails, using STEREO PLASTIC data from 2007 through 2014. Quiet times have been selected based on limiting energetic He fluxes above the tail energies and based on the tail fluxes themselves. We find that the suprathermal tail flux is dependent on the compression strength and varies substantially across the compression region. The strongest tails with spectra somewhat steeper thanv−5occur in the compressed fast solar wind, and they decrease rapidly with distance from the preceding and following compression into the rarefaction region, when using an unbiased data sample and applying a quiet time criterion based on higher energy ions. This may be consistent with the compressions being a potential source of the tails. When applying a quiet time criterion based on the observed tail fluxes, the temporal evolution disappears, possibly implicating a selection of the lower end of a Poisson distribution of tail count rates, rendering such a selection unusable for temporal evolution studies.
Comparisons Between the Field Lines Using an Accelerating and a Constant Solar Wind model
Authors: Tasnim S. , Cairns Iver H. , Wheatland M. S. , Li B. , Zank Gary P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Magnetic field line mapping between the Sun and the Earth is important to trace the nonthermal particles. We generalize a recently developed mapping approach (B stepping) where this approach allows us to map the magnetic field lines by stepping along the local magnetic field direction. We employ an advanced solar wind model which includes acceleration, angular momentum conservation, and intrinsic non-radial velocities and magnetic fields at the inner boundary / source surface. We map the field lines using Wind spacecraft data for two solar rotation periods: one near a solar minimum between CR2118 and CR2119 and other CR1992 near a solar maximum. Maps using the accelerating solar wind model are compared with the maps using a constant solar wind model. On a broad scale, maps using two solar wind models for the same solar rotation periods are very similar. However, in a small scale, there are significant differences, e.g. differences are evident in connectivities, paths, and winding angles. In addition, field lines using the accelerating solar wind model are more azimuthally oriented for during the solar maximum. These differences demonstrate the significance of inclusion of the accelerating radial speed profile, intrinsic azimuthal velocity and magnetic field components.
Characteristics of a Langmuir Soliton Observed in a Solar Type III Burst
Authors: Thejappa G. , MacDowall R. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the high time resolution in situ observations of a Langmuir wave packet obtained by the STEREO WAVES experiment in the source region of a solar type III radio burst. This wave packet is unique in the sense that it occurs as an intense localized one-dimensional magnetic field aligned wave packet with peak intensity well in excess of the threshold for the oscillating two stream instability (OTSI), soliton formation and related strong turbulence processes. Most importantly, the measured half-width of this wave packet is approximately equal to the expected half-width of a Langmuir soliton with the same peak intensity as that of the wave packet. Furthermore, a density cavity is created by the ponder-motive force of this wave packet as expected of a Langmuir soliton. These findings indicate that the observed wave packet is most likely a Langmuir soliton formed as a result of the balance between the non-linearity related self-compression and the dispersion related spreading. We discuss the implication of these observations for theories of solar type III radio bursts.
Isotopic Fractionation in 3He-rich SEP Events
Authors: Wiedenbeck M E , Mason G M , Klecker B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A well established characteristic of 3He-rich solar energetic particle events is a pattern of abundance enhancements relative to normal solar system values that increase approximately monotonically with atomic number (or mass), leading to enhancements that can exceed 100× for the heaviest elements relative to oxygen. In a 2018 paper, Mason and Klecker (M&K) suggested that the heavy element enhancements could be due to characteristics of the stopping powers of low-energy nuclei penetrating thin layers of H gas or plasma. We present results of a new calculation of enhancements in a H gas and show them to be in reasonable agreement with the M&K results. Studies of heavy-element isotopic composition in 3He-rich events using data from ACE/SIS have also shown that heavier isotopes of an element typically exhibit significant abundance enhancements relative to lighter isotopes of the same element. We applied the new calculation to investigate whether the observed isotopic fractionation can be explained using the M&K H-gas model with the same parameters that account for the heavy-element abundances and found that the measured isotopic enhancements are significantly greater than the predicted values. A search of a larger parameter space was also not able to reconcile the elemental and isotopic enhancement values. However, this search did reveal trends in the dependence on the model parameters that merit further investigation.
LTE massive MIMO (Pre-5G) test for land-to-boat scenarios in Oslo fjord
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhou Ning , Røste Terje , Neskvern Heiki , Eriksen John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a 3-day Pre-5G LTE test campaign was performed in Oslo fjord. A detailed description of the LTE test campaign including base station radio coverage, route design, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) placement, weather conditions and other related info is given. The measured data were analysed according to LOS and NLOS scenarios. For the LOS Scenario, the averaged Received Signal strengths (RSS) vary along the routes from -55 dBm to -85 dBm (about 30 dB), while the averaged standard deviations change from 2 dB to 7 dB. It is also found that most of the cross-covariance between the signal strength obtained in the front CPE and the rear CPE is less than 0.7 with the antenna separation of 10-meter on the sail boat, which suggests a potential for multi-user diversity in the similar radio propagation environments. For the NLOS scenario, it can be found that some of the RSS results are less than 80 dBm, and partly the radio link was lost (no recording), which limits the corresponding conclusion. The RSS was found to be between -80 dBm and -100 dBm at the TX-RX distances up to 27 km, which shows the potential of a long coverage up to 27 km at 3.7 GHz by using the pre-5G solutions for the maritime applications.
A Review of the current Collision Regulations to accommodate Multiple Ship Situations and MASS
Authors: Francis Captain Frederick James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The age of sailing ships and primitive tools has evolved into one of power-driven vessels with sophisticated equipment that can substitute the navigating navigator with a monitoring navigator or remove the human onboard. The technology exists but in order to embrace it to bring about safer seas, current legislation and practices need to be reviewed to provide comfort and clarity for dynamic transformation to take place. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the current collision regulations and humbly suggests some revisions to ensure safe intelligent navigation. Collision avoidance is not about a ship meeting another ship with the actions regulated. Realistically, the navigator is faced with a multitude of ships and situations where the risk of collision may exist with several vessels needing to take avoiding action or requiring to maintain course and speed as dictated by the current rules. SMART technology can provide speedy and reliable computed actions to assist the navigator, reducing human error or the widely differing actions that might be taken by individual humans. Ultimately, unmanned ships may be the future of shipping as eradicating human error is only possible if the human is removed. Collating measurable effective actions from reputed ship masters for a multitude of collision scenarios and programming them into an artificial intelligence system, will provide stable and predictable collision avoidance actions that can be shared on inclusive platforms with other ships in the vicinity. This removes the varied action of humans and synchronizes manned vessels with MASS providing accurate predictive movements and big data computation. It is timely that the current collision regulations are reviewed and complications addressed to render clarity and simplicity with MASS treated no different. As we harmonize technology and humans with a defined regulatory framework that embraces both, only then can the desired goals become a reality.
A Business Process Framework and Operations Map for Maritime Autonomous and Unmanned Shipping: MAUSOM
Authors: Bastiaansen PhD H J M (Harrie) , Lazovik Msc E (Elena) , Breejen Msc E (Eric) den , Broek PhD J (Hans) van den 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Maritime autonomous and unmanned shipping have considerable potential for cost-effective and safe cargo or passenger transport and other maritime operations. Such a manner of shipping will introduce operations chains with new roles and responsibilities. Widescale adoption requires an agreed upon overarching business process framework and operations map. Therefore, this paper introduces MAUSOM: the Maritime Autonomous and Unmanned Shipping Operations Map. Within the maritime industry and research community MAUSOM can be used as a shared blueprint for (re-)designing the operations processes and for defining the supporting functional capabilities. Furthermore, it structures the task allocation process to identify those tasks that can and those that (currently) cannot be allocated to software modules. Furthermore, it enables the definition of the data models needed for the overall system design. The MAUSOM methodology is based on the similar and successful enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) framework approach from the telecommunication sector [11]. MAUSOM uses Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), which has a long tradition as human factors’ functional decomposition method for engineering maritime operations. This paper describes MAUSOM, the benefits of its standardization and adoption for various stakeholders in the maritime shipping operations chain and addresses its development and deployment governance aspects.
A taxonomy for autonomous vehicles for different transportation modes
Authors: Vagia Marialena , Rødseth Ørnulf Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To be autonomous, systems must be able to capture, perceive, analyse, plan, make decisions and act without human intervention. These characteristics are very important and should be carried out in real time. This is what creates the challenge for autonomous systems to come out and become established players in real world. Different autonomous vehicles that are used in different environments, constrained or not, like roads, rails, overwater, underwater, air, need to have different capabilities and characteristics and in addition pose different kind of challenges that need to be overcome. Therefore, there exists many taxonomies that have been proposed by researchers with different backgrounds in order to address the needs of their specific systems in the most effective way. However, there is some common base between the different taxonomies that are proposed for various vehicles and it would be beneficial to try and learn from the experience of the approaches proposed. In this paper, we try to compare the most frequently proposed taxonomies in autonomous vehicles operating in different modes and help the readers find the similarities and differences amongst them.
A generic testbed for simulation and physical-based testing of maritime cyber-physical system of systems
Authors: Rüssmeier N , Lamm A , Hahn A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
e-Navigation Systems are CPSoS, which are regarded as systems based on systems with physical and information technology-based components. SoS are usually open systems which can have emerging behaviour and are not fully defined during design time. Future maritime bridge systems, for instance, will be embedded into the vessel infrastructure and its navigation and safety subsystems receive continuous updates and additional functionalities for the ship’s command and navigation. Suitable testbeds are required to support the technological and regulatory development and certification processes. To support the development and integration of CPS, this paper introduces the testbed eMIR as an open and modular research, development and test environment. The test environment is suitable for early testing, validation and verification or demonstration of new maritime technologies in a complex simulation environment (traffic, environment and sensors) and supports a seamless transfer of these technologies from a virtual into a physical testbed. eMIR comprised various interconnected virtual and physical components via a standardised co-simulation environment based on HLA, combined with a message passing middleware as a backbone for the physical testbed elements. The testbed was effectively applied in various maritime projects for the evaluation of maritime technologies in navigation, management and surveillance or maritime (transportation) systems.