bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Exclusion and Material Disadvantage: Housing, Poverty, and Living Standards Impacts
Authors: Waldegrave Charles , Phillipson Chris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
SRPP 2020 Ollie Randall Symposium Award Winner. Many of the detrimental effects of material disadvantage on the lives of citizens have been well understood by public health and social scientists, and post-World War II social protection polices were designed to mitigate the negative impacts of them. As the numbers of older people increase proportionally to the rest of the population in most countries, less is known about the exclusionary impacts of material disadvantage and the roles housing, poverty and living standards play on the health, well-being and social connections of their lives. This symposium draws together research emanating out of four countries Norway, Poland, Ireland and New Zealand that are part of the European COST Action 15122 Reducing Old-Age Social Exclusion: Collaborations in Research and Policy (ROSEnet). The papers present contemporary results of specific health well-being and social impacts of material disadvantage in the four quite different countries and assesses them through the lens of social exclusion. As the growing international evidence during the last decade has highlighted the negative health and well-being impacts of loneliness and social disconnection (Holt-Lunstad et. al. 2015), the role of housing, poverty and living standards has in creating social exclusion is less well known. This research analyses the subjective and objective experiences of material disadvantage and quantifies their exclusionary impacts on well-being (e.g. quality of life, loneliness), health functioning (mental and physical) and their challenges to macro-structures (e.g. government policies, social protection).
Exclusion From Social Relations and Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes
Authors: Aartsen Marja , Morgan Deborah , Dahlberg Lena , Waldegrave Charles , Mikulionienė Sarmitė , Rapolienė Gražina , Lamura Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness have profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets, but interventions to reduce loneliness are limited effective. The aim of this study is to examine the often-ignored impact of macro-level drivers of loneliness, in addition to micro-level drivers by adopting a cross-national perspective. We use longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. Our study confirms that key micro-level drivers of loneliness are gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children and changes therein. Macro level drivers are level of safety in the neighbourhood, and poverty and social deprivation of a society. In order to understand and reduce loneliness we require not just a focus on individual risk factors, behaviours and expectations, but also on macro-level factors that are associated with exclusion from social relations.
Title VI: Modernizing Allotments for Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection Activities and Other Programs
Authors: Duhaney Taneika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Of the many changes to the OAA, the Modernizing Allotments for Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection Activities and Other Programs section included notable changes. This bill specifies that Title VII programs will receive a 7% increase in 2020 and a 6% increase in the following four fiscal years. It extends the Supporting Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Act for an additional year. The reauthorization ensures that ombudsman representatives can be reimbursed for costs incurred through their services. The Act requires that the Government Accountability Office study federal programs for home modification assistance for older adults and individuals with disabilities. The Act directs the Administrator of the Administration for Community Living to continue the 2017 requirement of disseminating and soliciting feedback on the Principles for Person-directed Services and Supports during Serious Illness. This reauthorization updates home and community-based best practices; and elder justice activities, including community outreach and education to bolster community partnerships.
Policy Series: The Elder Justice Act, Nursing Home Reform, and Funding Legislation
Authors: Lindberg Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This session will provide updates on major federal efforts to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, including strategies for prevention, intervention, services, and prosecution. Congress has been working on both reauthorizing the Elder Justice Act and policies to address poor long-term care facility quality issues, and this panel will provide an update on those efforts and what lies ahead in2021. The panel will include elder justice and nursing home advocates and congressional staff.
Factors Associated With Health Care Utilization Among Working Caregivers
Authors: Washington Tiffany , Kim Eunhye , Mois George , Smith Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examined factors associated with health care utilization among working family caregivers using data from the 2013 Regional Healthcare Partnership – Region 17 Health Assessment survey. Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use guided the selection of variables. Chi-square or t-test were computed to compare statistically significant differences between caregivers who did and did not utilize health care, and logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with health care utilization. Of the 220 working caregivers, 41.8% put off their health care primarily because they could not miss work. Age, days pain limited activity, and days not having enough rest or sleep were associated with health care utilization. Paid family leave could mitigate the challenge of simultaneously managing employment responsibilities, caregiving tasks, and health needs of working family caregivers.
The Impact of Intersectional Identities on Older People With HIV
Authors: Brennan-Ing Mark , Emlet Charles 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Kimberlé Crenshaw introduced the term “intersectionality” in the late 1980s to highlight the experience discrimination and marginalization of Black and African-American women originating from the confluence of their racial/ethnic and gender identities. Since that time the focus on intersectionality has broadened to consider other communities and individuals who may have multiple stigmatized and discredited identities, including older people with HIV (PWH). For example, Porter and Brennan-Ing described the “Five Corners” model as the intersection of ageism, racism, classism, sexism, and HIV stigma for older transgender and gender non-conforming PWH. HIV disproportionately affects marginalized communities (e.g., racial/ethnic and sexual minorities). Thus, for older PWH it is important to consider how HIV stigma may intersect with other marginalized identities and impact physical and psychological well-being. The first paper in this session examines how the intersection of HIV serostatus, gay identity, and age complicates identity disclosure, leading to social isolation and interference with care planning. The second paper describes how intersectional identities among older PWH interfere with access to mental health services in a population that is disproportionately affected by depression and PTSD. Our third paper examines the role of race, education, and behavioral health in neurocognitive functioning among a diverse sample of older HIV+ gay and bisexual men. Our last paper examines neurocognitive functioning among older Latinx PWH, finding that sexual and gender minorities were at greater risk for impairment. Implications of these findings for research and programming that accounts for the effects of intersectionality among older PWH will be discussed.
The IN-CARE Project: Socioeconomic Inequalities in Care Use and Provision Across Countries and Over Time
Authors: van Groenou Marjolein Broese 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageing societies and recent reforms to long-term care (LTC) in many European countries are likely to make informal care by kin and nonkin increasingly critical for fulfilling the care needs of older people. To date, it is unknown whether informal care falls disproportionately on disadvantaged populations. The IN-CARE project (a collaboration of Dutch, UK and German research teams; http://in-care.fk12.tu-dortmund.de/) examines if and how LTC reforms exacerbate existing social disparities in care use and provision in older age. To this end, this project compares the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in formal and informal care across Europe and over time. A particular effort is made to include macro-level indicators of LTC systems in cross-level analyses across countries. The first paper presented in this symposium by the UK team studied SES-inequality in care receipt across European nations with different care systems; the second paper presented by the German team studied the same question but now among caregivers, the third paper provides the analyses for caregivers in Japan, and the fourth paper by the Dutch team studies SES-inequalities in care use within the Netherlands over time (1995-2015). The symposium will start off with a short description of the IN-CARE project (2019-2022). Tine Rostgaard agreed to be our discussant.
Older Latinx and African Americans’ Experiences of Civic Participation
Authors: Reyes Laurent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By 2030 Latinx and African Americans are expected to be the largest non-White groups of older adults. In the past 20 years, older adults’ civic participation has received considerable attention. However, until now most scholarship has focused on formal volunteerism and voting, activities that remain inaccessible to many marginalized groups. As a consequence, other civic activities are going unrecognized. The aim of this study is to understand how civic participation is experienced throughout the lives of 24 African American and Latinx adults 60+ living in New Jersey. Because civic participation is a concept that has many names and meanings depending on culture, language, and history I employ photo-elicitation techniques followed by in-depth interviews to understand civic participation through participants’ lens. Findings from this study can serve to improve conceptualizations and measurements of civic participation for future studies and inform efforts to strengthen civic participation among these populations. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Qualitative Research Interest Group.
Research Engagement With Persons Living With Dementia: Putting Lessons Learned Into Practice
Authors: Frank Lori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the US few research initiatives actively engage persons living with dementia (PLWD) as partners in the research. The 2017 Summit actively engaged multiple types of stakeholder groups, including one for Persons Living with Dementia (PLWD), and was the first large-scale US research meeting to actively engage PLWD in planning and conduct of the meeting. The PLWD conducted a self-evaluation of their work that yielded best practices, meeting the need for guidelines for engaging with PLWD. The 2020 Summit presented the opportunity to test best practices. Some were implemented by the group conveners, like use of video-enabled meetings. Others were implemented with the PLWD, including decisions about governance structure for the group. The use of learnings from the first Summit in engaging with PLWD in the following Summit supported refinement of some engagement practices, yielding a list of recommendations for future work.
Empowering Partnerships Among Researchers, Persons Living With Dementia, and Caregivers
Authors: Gil Heidi , Shivers Stephani , Savage Bob , Taylor Geri , Taylor Jim , DeFrancesco Erica , O’Connell Maria , Lepore Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conducting research collaboratively with persons living with dementia (PLWD) requires preparation. To enhance the capacity of PLWD to be engaged in research, we collaboratively developed and deployed a replicable two-day training workshop for PLWD, care partners, and professional/academic researchers. An assessment of strengths, values and experiences, and an introductory education session, served as experiential warmup activities for PLWD prior to the two-day workshop. Twelve PLWD, nine care partners, and 14 professional/academic researchers participated in the workshop. Participants identified 16 topics as highly important for research and prioritized four topics for immediate study design. Studies addressing these topics were collaboratively designed by PLWD, care partners, and professional researchers during day two of the workshop. Lessons learned from the workshop, including key preparation steps for collaboration—such as securing minimally distracting collaboration environments—are summarized, and access to a free toolkit that supports workshop replication is provided.
Transforming Primary Care Practice Into Age-Friendly Health Systems
Authors: Berg-Weger Marla , Emery-Tiburcio Erin , Tumosa Nina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transforming primary care practice to improve the health of older adults is a major focus of the Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP). Using the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System (What Matters, Mentation, Medication, and Mobility) as a framework, presenters will describe their GWEP’s ongoing development, training, and evaluation initiatives aimed at increasing providers’ knowledge and practice skills, and improving older adult’s health outcomes. These initiatives are creating increased professional competencies in geriatric care that will: 1) help older adults maximize their health and wellbeing, and 2) better support caregivers and families. In this symposium, presenters from three GWEPs, Pennsylvania State University, Rush University Medical Center, and Saint Louis University will describe AFHS initiatives with rural and urban primary care partner sites. Educational and programmatic initiatives and strategies that map onto the 4Ms that will be discussed including geriatric assessment, dementia-focused interventions, falls prevention, opioid assessment, and caregiver well-being and support. Outcomes in older adult’s health and functional status will be discussed. Presenters will highlight the importance of building AFHS in primary care and strategies to bridge this framework into the community.
Improving the Driving of Community-Dwelling Older Canadians: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vrkljan Brenda , Sangrar Ruheena , Griffith Lauren , Letts Lori , Porter Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older Canadians, similar to aging drivers in many other countries, want to drive, need to drive, and live in communities where driving is both valued and necessary for out-of-home participation. Many community-dwelling seniors are medically fit-to-drive, yet their collision risk remains higher than most other age groups, which some have attributed to their propensity to drive shorter distances in high-traffic areas (Antin et al., 2017). In this randomized controlled trial, the effect of a customized video-based older driver training program on behind-the-wheel performance was captured using the latest technology for an on-road evaluation. Results indicated the mean reduction in number of driving errors [mean (95% CI)=-12.0(-16.5, -7.6),p&lt;0.001] favoured the intervention group where their change between baseline and 4-week follow-up was statistically significant [mean(95% CI)=-10.3(-13.8, -6.8),p&lt;0.001], but not for the control group [mean (95% CI)=1.7(-0.08, 4.2), p&gt;0.05]. Our novel, video-based approach that provided individualized feedback improved driving performance for older drivers. Part of a symposium sponsored by Transportation and Aging Interest Group.
Using Implementation Research to Promote the Expansion and Sustainability of Intergenerational Programs
Authors: Hasche Leslie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Implementation studies provide guidance on how to reduce the gap between empirically-supported interventions and routine care. For intergenerational programs that bring older adults and other generations together to promote social connection, improve health and well being, and to reduce ageism, the role of implementation science is rarely studied. Intergenerational programs have a long-standing role in social service and housing contexts, yet the quality of the evidence and sustainability of these programs is often in question. This symposium aims to demonstrate how implementation studies can identify available evidence and influential contextual factors to examine issues of adoption, fidelity, and sustainability of intergenerational programs. First, a scoping review of the available evidence on best practices of intergenerational programs will help highlight fidelity issues. Second, an environmental scan for intergenerational housing will highlight how contextual factors may impact the adoption and spread of intergenerational programs. Third, a pre-implementation study delivering multi-modal best practices training to local community sites will share indicators of the feasibility of training staff to implement evidence-based intergenerational practices. Finally, an evaluation of a community collaborative of organizations implementing intergenerational programs will highlight the process by which organizations develop and sustain partnerships. The chair will summarize how the studies’ methodological approaches incorporate implementation science and outcomes. Implications for both future research on organizational context, funding, and implementation strategies, as well as for practice settings will be named. The discussion will identify implementation gaps that will need to be overcome to expand and sustain intergenerational programs.
A Process Evaluation on the Implementation of Cross-Organizational Intergenerational Partnerships
Authors: De Fries Carson , Steward Andrew , Fix Rachel , Hasche Leslie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A collaborative group of organizations in the rocky mountain region of the U.S. implemented sixteen intergenerational programs with varying themes (i.e. mentorship, music and art therapy, baking, life stories, etc.). This two-year study used survey data and a focus group to understand successful approaches and challenges to implementing cross-organizational partnerships between adult-serving and youth-serving organizations. We utilized qualitative data through open-ended comments on program evaluations and a focus group discussion with leaders of seven community organizations. Questions in the focus group prompted participants to describe the process of initiating, developing, and sustaining partnerships. The three main themes were: the benefits of shared organizational values, outlining programmatic roles and expectations, and an ability to cope with negative partnership experiences. Insights about successful approaches to implementing cross-organizational partnerships, as well as the challenges of developing and sustaining such partnerships may be beneficial in similar settings.
Experiences of Assisted Living Communities Affected by Hurricane Irma: Leadership, Lessons Learned
Authors: Hyer Kathryn , Peterson Lindsay , Dosa David , June Joseph , Dobbs Debra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the effects of disasters on assisted living community (ALC) residents. This is a concern given the growth of the AL industry and the increasing numbers of AL residents with functional limitations and chronic health conditions. This research examined the experiences of AL administrative staff to better understand the impact of Hurricane Irma. Qualitative interviews were conducted with representatives of ALCs across Florida (N=70), and transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti version 8. Research team members met regularly to reach consensus on codes, identifying five major themes across the interviews, 1) planning and preparation, 2) leadership, including plan execution and managing the unexpected, 3) effects/consequences of the storm, including effect on residents and staff, 4) lessons learned, and 5) electrical power. Results provide a broad view of ALC preparedness, how it varies across different types of ALCs and implications for resident wellbeing and future emergency planning.
The Effects of INDY on Fly Metabolism
Authors: Rogina Blanka , Kannan Kavitha , Mishra Dushyant , Macro Jacob , Lesperance Danielle , Broderick Nichole , Padhi Shivani , Rosenbloom-Snow Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Indy (I’m not dead yet) gene encodes a plasma membrane citrate transporter in Drosophila. INDY reduction affects metabolism and extends longevity of flies and worms. In flies, INDY is predominantly expressed in the midgut, fat body and oenocytes, tissues with a key role in metabolism. We hypothesize that INDY reduction in the midgut regulates citrate levels leading to metabolic changes that preserve intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis and slows aging by modifying Insulin/Insulin-like signaling (IIS), which is a key nutrient sensing pathway. Our second goal was to examine the role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which activates epithelial renewal in the gut, in response to aging-related stressors. We hypothesize that Indy reduction has effects on the microbiome, preventing bacterial overgrowth and altering community diversity, leading to extended longevity in a JAK/STAT-mediated fashion. Our data suggest that effects of Indy reduction is mediated by reduced IIS and JAK/STAT pathways
Role of Reduced Protein Intake in Metabolic and Healthspan Benefits of Plant-Based Diets
Authors: Mitchell James , MacArthur Michael , Mitchell Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plant-based nutrition consisting of vegetarian/vegan dietary patterns are positively associated with metabolic fitness and inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. The nutritional and molecular basis of such benefits remains unclear. Here we considered the potential contribution of protein quality (amino acid profiles) and quantity to plant-based nutritional benefits. To this end, we investigated whether individuals adhering to plant-based diets consume a different AA profile, and used isocaloric diets in controlled rodent studies with modulation of both AA composition and total protein amount using crystalline AA vs. naturally-sourced protein ingredients. We found surprisingly few differences between AA profiles of vegans vs. omnivores, but large effects of total protein independent of source in rodent studies, strongly suggesting a major effect of total protein rather than AA composition in health benefits of plant-based diets. Mechanistically, we discuss the role of reduced protein intake on glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Longitudinal Fasting Blood Glucose Trends and Mortality Risk in Mice Differs From That of Non-Human Primates and Humans
Authors: de Cabo Rafael , Palliyaguru Dushani , Shiroma Eric , Nam John ,   SLAM Investigators, Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Longitudinal studies in humans have led to the development of strong predictors of outcomes of health, disease and mortality. Translation from model organisms to human has been faced with species-specific regulation of metabolic function and challenged by the lack of longitudinal studies addressing trajectories of change that can be used, as in humans to predict outcomes. Here we compare longitudinal predictors of health and mortality of three major metabolic indices among mice, non-human primates and humans. Longitudinal fasting blood glucose, body weight and body composition over the lifespan were compared across species, mice, Rhesus monkeys and humans. Survival analysis was conducted to calculate the risk of death for subjects with highest and lowest quartiles of fasting blood glucose. We will present data highlighting species-specific mechanisms of glucose homeostasis over the lifespan and its association with mortality.