bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico Analysis of T-bet Activity in	Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Authors: Fernandez-Becker Nielsen Q. , Moss Alan C. 
Published: December 2019

T-bet (TBX21) is a transcription factor that regulates T-cell differentiation, and has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The regulatory networks through which T-bet affects immune function are unknown. An NCBI gene expression profile from patients with CD and controls was analyzed. T-bet transcription factor binding sites and promoter modules were identified using promoter analysis software. Functional correlations between T-bet-containing promoters were determined using data mining and ontological analysis. T-bet expression in CD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n=59) was significantly reduced compared to control (n=42) (p<0.0001) and ulcerative colitis PBMCs (n=26), (p=0.005). The promoter regions of all genes differentially-expressed in CD were probed for T-bet Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs). Twenty-three genes contained transcription-factor binding sites for T-bet; 8 were down-regulated, and 15 were up-regulated in CD-PBMCs. Three genes (S100A16, ABHD3 and EZH1) that were down-regulated in CD-PBMCs contained a complex promoter module consisting of T-bet and EGRF transcription-factor binding sites. Ontological analysis revealed that a significant number of differentially-expressed genes that contain T-bet binding sites are involved in innate immunity (8 genes, Z-score 4.11) and signal transduction (5 genes, Z-score 2.65). This combination of gene expression datasets and promoter analysis has identified a network of genes that contain simple T-bet binding sites, and complex T-bet promoter modules, in their promoter regions. These results implicate a mechanism through which T-bet may influence innate immunity in CD.
A Comparison of Database Systems for XML-Type Data
Authors: Risse Judith E. , Leunissen Jack A.M. 
Published: December 2019

Background: In the field of bioinformatics interchangeable data formats based on XML are widely used. XML-type data is also at the core of most web services. With the increasing amount of data stored in XML comes the need for storing and accessing the data. In this paper we analyse the suitability of different database systems for storing and querying large datasets in general and Medline in particular. Results: All reviewed database systems perform well when tested with small to medium sized datasets, however when the full Medline dataset is queried a large variation in query times is observed. Conclusions: There is not one system that is vastly superior to the others in this comparison and, depending on the database size and the query requirements, different systems are most suitable. The best all-round solution is the Oracle 11~g database system using the new binary storage option. Alias-i's Lingpipe is a more lightweight, customizable and sufficiently fast solution. It does however require more initial configuration steps. For data with a changing XML structure Sedna and BaseX as native XML database systems or MySQL with an XML-type column are suitable.
Energy-efficiency of protected IP-over-WDM networks with sleep-mode devices
Authors: Musumeci Francesco , Tornatore Massimo , Lopez Vizcaino Jorge , Ye Yabin , Pattavina Achille 
Published: December 2019

Recently, the need for energy-efficient and sustainable capacity growth has become stringent for telecommunication networks and great efforts have been produced to reduce their power consumption. Optical technologies based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing are well-recognized as a promising solution for greening the future Internet. One relevant approach to achieve such power savings consists in aggregating traffic flows in few network links, so that power can be saved by switching-off some unused network devices. However, the need to ensure network resiliency against link and/or node failures imposes that still the resources reserved to protect connections become available immediately after a failure occurs. Therefore, a possible solution is to set some devices into low-power sleep-mode, so that they can be rapidly re-activated and provide fast connection recovery. In this paper we focus on the power-efficiency of protected IP-over-WDM networks and provide a comprehensive comparison of four different protection strategies, namely Shared-Link, Shared-Path, Dedicated-Link and Dedicated-Path Protection (SLP, SPP, DLP and DPP respectively) in a sleep-mode scenario. In the proposed design strategies we assume that low-power sleep-mode is enabled for devices used for protection. Mathematical models for a power-aware design with sleep-mode is proposed for the four protection strategies. We show that relevant power savings (up to about 60%) can be obtained for all the protection strategies by setting protection devices into sleep-mode.
Digital subcarrier optical networks and cross-connects
Authors: Hui Rongqing , Huang Wanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hameed Mahmood , Razo Miguel , Tacca Marco , Fumagalli Andrea 
Published: December 2019

This paper describes a rate flexible network transport solution to achieve sub-wavelength circuit provisioning between edge node pairs. Sub-wavelength circuits are obtained by concatenating spectrally efficient digital subcarrier channels along the network path, with each subcarrier frequency carrying only a fraction of the wavelength bandwidth. By reserving one or more such subcarrier frequencies along a path connecting two edge nodes, a dedicated end-to-end sub-wavelength circuit is provisioned. At an intermediate node, incoming frequencies are switched to outgoing frequencies via a cross-bar electronic circuit switch or cross-connect. By performing digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) using CMOS based advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms, spectral guard-bands between adjacent channels are not necessary, thus yielding good bandwidth efficiency when multiplexing multiple subcarrier channels onto the same wavelength. Compared to current TDM based transport network solutions, e.g., OTN/SONET/SDH, the described solution offers the unique advantage of implementing two key transport functionalities in the same DSP system, which is capable of (1) performing compensation of fiber transmission impairments in the electronic domain to ensure good signal integrity, and (2) multiplexing (demultiplexing) subcarrier channels after (before) add/drop and switching circuit operations. Because of this design advantage, system complexity and fabrication of the network equipment are ameliorated, possibly leading to tangible cost and electric power consumption reductions.
Extended High Speed Networks Employing Hippi Switches, High Speed WANs, and FDDI Rings
Authors: Franta W. R. , Hughes J. P. 
Published: December 2019

Computational and storage “power” is increasing at alarmingly well documented rates. As everything that's connected to data transmission network becomes more capable so must data networks. To truly unleash the genie stored in these “power” increases, information (data) must flow more rapidly into and out of these devices. Channel and backplane speeds commensurate with these increasing computational and storage “powers” are beginning to appear. The data transfer equation is then balanced only if network speeds follow suit. Our focus in this paper is to concentrate on LAN/WAN networks currently within reach that attempt to “follow suit”, concentrating specifically on FDDI- and HIPPI-based LAN networks, new WAN offerings, and concluding with speculations on next generation high speed networking capabilities. Along the way we enumerate certain observations relevant to the acquisition and use of extended high-speed networks.
A Dynamic Multi-Path Routing Algorithm for ATM Networks
Authors: Bahk Saewoong , El Zarki Magda 
Published: December 2019

In this paper we describe briefly a dynamic multi-path routing scheme that has been considered for connection oriented homogeneous high-speed wide area Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The fundamental objective of the scheme is to bridge the gap between routing and congestion control as the network becomes congested. Because propagation delay far out shadows queueing and transmission delay in high-speed networks, the proposed routing scheme works as a shortest path (minimum hop) first algorithm under light traffic conditions. However as the shortest path becomes congested, the source node uses multiple paths when and if available in order to distribute the load and reduce packet loss. The scheme is a cross between Alternate Path Routing and Trunk Reservation. We compare the performance of the proposed scheme with the Shortest Path Only Algorithm, the Alternate Path Routing Algorithm, the Random Routing Algorithm, and the Trunk Reservation Scheme. The throughput and packet loss performance are compared via simulations. These have been carried out concentrating on a five-node network, each with varying traffic patterns, the intention being to gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the various schemes.
A survey and new results in renegotiated service
Authors: Zegura Ellen W. , McFarland Scott , Parekh Ojas 
Published: December 2019

To use a network service class, an application must determine which service is suitable and provide a concise description of traffic characteristics required by the service class. Applications may find it difficult to do this if accurate a priori knowledge of traffic is not available or if the traffic characteristics will change over time. Both of these difficulties can be addressed by a renegotiated service that supports changes in the traffic contract over time. We focus in this paper on applications that have known, but changing, service requirements, thus they can use off-line processing. We survey existing work and present new algorithms for determining when to renegotiate the service and what new traffic contract to supply. We evaluate the performance of our work and the work of others using a common set of application streams.
Energy aware based fault tolerance approach for topology control in distributed sensor networks
Authors: Bhajantri Lokesh B. , Nalini N. 
Published: December 2019

A Distributed Sensor Networks (DSNs) can provide access to information anytime, anywhere by collecting, processing, analyzing and disseminating data. Thus, the network actively participates in creating a smart environment. DSNs promise to revolutionize sensing in a wide range of application domains. This is because of their reliability, accuracy, flexibility, cost effectiveness and ease of deployment of nodes in topology of DSN. Smart sensors can offer vigilant surveillance and can detect and collect data concerning any sign of machines failure, earthquakes, floods and even a terrorist attack. Energy efficiency, topology control and fault-tolerance are the most important issues in the development of next-generation DSNs. Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to deliver a desired level of functionality in presence of faults in the topology. Topology control as a low level service governs communication among all nodes and is hence the primary target for increasing connectivity and saving energy. In this work, we have proposed two models for fault detection and fault recovery to achieve fault tolerance in topology. The proposed fault detection model is used to detect faults at node level (checking nodes energy) and network level faults (link failure and packet error). The proposed fault recovery model is used to achieve fault tolerance by adjusting the topology of the randomly deployed sensor nodes based on energy aware of nodes. Finally, we have evaluated the performance parameters for the proposed scheme.
Pasteurized donor human milk for VLBW infants: The effect on	necrotizing enterocolitis and related factors
Authors: Bishop Christine E. , Vasquez Margarita M. , Petershack Jean A. , Blanco Cynthia L. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) causes significant morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Our objective was to assess the influence of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) on the incidence of NEC. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 179 VLBW (< 1500 g) infants born in the pre-PDHM era (January 2001–March 2003) vs 152 born in the post-PDHM era (April 2003–December 2004). Results: The cohorts had similar demographic characteristics. The overall incidence of NEC was 12% in the pre-PDHM era vs 10% in the post-PDHM. Although not statistically significant, surgical NEC decreased from 7% to 3% respectively. Sepsis decreased from 10% to 6% between the pre and post-PDHM eras (p=0.04). Erythropoietin administration for anemia of prematurity was associated with a protective effect for NEC, even after adjusting for gestational age, indomethacin and mother's own milk intake (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.85, p=0.02). The introduction of PDHM did not decrease the amount of mother's own milk use. Conclusions: The overall incidence of NEC remained unchanged after the introduction of PDHM in a single neonatal intensive care unit, but the cases of surgical NEC had a trend to decrease. Randomized controlled clinical studies evaluating the effect of PDHM on the severity of NEC are warranted.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the motor suppression in stop-signal task
Authors: Kwon Jung Won , Nam Seok Hyun , Lee Na Kyung , Son Sung Min , Choi Yong Won , Kim Chung Sun 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This study examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex alters the response time in motor suppression using the stop-signal task (SST). Methods: Forty healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to either the tDCS condition or sham control condition. All subjects performed a stop-signal task in three consecutive phases: without, during or after the delivery of anodal tDCS on the primary motor cortex (the pre-tDCS motor phase, on-tDCS motor phase, and after-tDCS motor phase). Results: The response times of the stopping process were significantly lower in each SST motor phase during or after tDCS ( p < 0.05) and shorter immediately during delivery of the tDCS, whereas there was no change after the delivery of tDCS compared to sham condition. In contrast, the response times of the going process were similar under the two conditions ( p > 0.05). No subjects complained of any adverse symptoms or signs. Conclusion: Anodal tDCS enhances voluntary going and stopping of movement in executive control. tDCS appears to be an effective modality to modulate motor suppression and its related dynamic behavioral changes in motor sequential learning.
Motor recovery by improvement of limb-kinetic apraxia in a chronic stroke patient
Authors: Jang Sung Ho 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: We report on a chronic stroke patient who showed motor recovery by improvement of limb-kinetic apraxia (LKA) after undergoing intensive rehabilitation for a period of one month, which was demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods: A 50-year-old male patient presented with severe paralysis of the left extremities at the onset of thalamic hemorrhage. At thirty months after onset, the patient exhibited moderate weakness of his left upper and lower extremities. In addition, he exhibited a slow, clumsy, and mutilated movement pattern during grasp-release movements of his left hand. During a one-month period of intensive rehabilitation, which was started at thrity months after onset, the patient showed 22% motor recovery of the left extremities. The slow, clumsy, and mutilated movement pattern of the left hand almost disappeared. Results: DTTs of the corticospinal tract (CST) in both hemispheres originated from the cerebral cortex, including the primary motor cortex, and passed along the known CST pathway. The DTT of the right CST was located anterior to the old hemorrhagic lesion. TMS study performed at thirty and thirty-one months after onset showed normal and similar findings for motor evoked potential in terms of latency and amplitude of the left hand muscle. Conclusions: We think that the motor weakness of the left extremities in this patient was mainly ascribed to LKA and that most of the motor recovery during a one-month period of rehabilitation was attributed to improvement of LKA.
Visual stimulations' critical period in infants with perinatal brain damage
Authors: Alimović Sonja , Katušić Ana , Mejaški-Bošnjak Vlatka 
Published: December 2019

Background: Children with perinatal brain damage have a high prevalence of visual impairment. Stimulation of vision at a critical period can encourage brain plasticity and the recovery of impaired function. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate when is the critical period for visual stimulation in children with perinatal brain damage. Methods: We compared 35 children within the first eight months of life (median age = 4 months) to 35 children aged between eight and thirty months (median age = 15 months), all with perinatal brain damage. All the children were attending an early intervention program at Mali dom, Zagreb, a rehabilitation centre for children with visual impairment. We compared the results from baseline and follow-up assessments of visual functions (grating acuity and contrast sensitivity). We also compared differences in change scores between the two groups. Results: Our results have shown that children who commence a visual stimulation program within the first eight months of life had more improvement in both visual functions. This improvement is statistically significant in visual acuity (p = 0.048). Conclusions: These results indicate the importance of starting a visual stimulation program within the first eight months after birth.
Using multiple views of family dynamics to predict the mental health of individuals with TBI and their caregivers in Mexico
Authors: Stevens Lillian F. , Perrin Paul B. , Hubbard Rebecca , Díaz Sosa Dulce María , Espinosa Jove Irma Guadalupe , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To examine differences in ratings of family dynamics between individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their family caregivers in Mexico, as well as differences in the prediction of caregiver and patient mental health outcomes from those ratings. Method: Forty-two patient-caregiver dyads (n = 84) from the National Institute of Rehabilitation in México City participated in a comprehensive evaluation of their family dynamics and mental health. Results: Patients' and caregivers' ratings of family dynamics were significantly correlated and did not differ across five of six types of family dynamics, but caregivers rated their family's level of empathy higher than patients, p < 0.001. Additionally, all patient and caregiver ratings of family dynamics were significantly correlated. Patients', caregivers', and combined (using structural equation modeling latent constructs) ratings of family dynamics robustly predicted four times as many caregiver mental health outcomes as patient mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Family dynamics influence both TBI patient and caregiver mental health but much more so in caregivers. Research on families of individuals with TBI in Mexico should incorporate both patient and caregiver perspectives to more comprehensively depict the environment in which TBI rehabilitation occurs.
Selective use of low frequency stimulation in Parkinson's disease based on absence of tremor
Authors: Stegemöller Elizabeth L. , Vallabhajosula Srikant , Haq Ihtsham , Hwynn Nelson , Hass Chris J. , Okun Michael S. 
Published: December 2019

Background: High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus is one of the most effective treatments for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). HFS has provided beneficial improvements in the cardinal features of PD, but has not been proven as effective for addressing the axial predominant levodopa resistant symptoms, such as speech disturbances, gait disturbances, and postural instability. Recent studies have suggested that changes in stimulation parameters may influence differing PD symptoms. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low frequency stimulation (LFS) versus HFS on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), gait, balance, and verbal fluency. Methods: Eight tremor dominant and nine non-tremor dominant participants with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus were tested off stimulation, during LFS, and during HFS. Results: Results revealed that HFS significantly reduced UPDRS tremor score in the tremor dominant group; however no differences emerged within the non-tremor dominant group. No differences between groups or stimulation conditions were found for gait, balance, and verbal fluency measures. Conclusion: These results may suggest that HFS is better than LFS for reducing tremor in tremor dominant patients. However, patients with mild or no tremor show no acute differences in benefit from LFS as compared to HFS.
Long-term cortical reorganization following stroke in a single subject with severe motor impairment
Authors: Chelette Kenneth C. , Carrico Cheryl , Nichols Laurie , Sawaki Lumy 
Published: December 2019

Background: Stroke continues to be a major public health concern in the United States. Motor recovery in the post-acute stages of stroke is possible due to neuroplasticity, or the capacity of the brain to reorganize. Objective: This case study tracks neuroplastic and motor change in a subject with severe hemiparesis following an extensive middle cerebral artery stroke. He had absence of ipsilesional motor evoked potentials in early evaluations. This report is unique in that the duration of follow-up evaluation extends nearly 2 years, with evaluations being performed at 7, 9, 10, 13, 20, and 21 months post-stroke. Methods: At each evaluation we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to track neuroplastic change and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Wolf Motor Function Test to evaluate upper extremity motor performance. Results: The contralesional hemisphere showed dynamic change throughout the study period. In contrast, the ipsilesional hemisphere demonstrated notable change only between 13 and 21 months post-stroke, with the most dramatic change occurring between 20 and 21 months post-stroke. Motor performance generally improved throughout the study period. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that substantial neuroplasticity-mediated motor recovery can occur nearly 2 years after stroke in an individual with severe post-stroke motor impairment.