bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence delirium in children undergoing dental surgery under general anesthesia
Authors: Jooma Zainub , Perrie Helen , Scribante Juan , Kleyenstuber Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergence delirium is a well‐described complication in pediatric anesthesia, occurring more often following short surgical procedures using volatile anesthetics with a rapid recovery profile. Dental extractions and conservation dentistry are commonly performed in children and are not painful postoperatively. The use of nerve blocks and local anesthetic infiltration intraoperatively limits nociception and obviates the need for opioids, allowing for more objective assessment of emergence delirium.AimThe purpose of this preliminary study was to describe the incidence of emergence delirium and the associated risk factors in children undergoing elective dental surgery under general anesthesia at a regional academic hospital in South Africa.MethodsA prospective, descriptive study of healthy children aged 2‐6 years was undertaken. Patients were anesthetized using standardized protocols. Assessments included demographics of the child and caregiver, child anxiety at induction using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, intraoperative events, and Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium score in the recovery room. Data were assessed for associations and correlations.ResultsNinety‐one children with a mean age of 3.9 (SD = 0.9) years were included. Anxiety was present in 69.2% at induction and emergence delirium occurred in 51.6% of the patients. The mean (SD, range) Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium score in the patients without emergence delirium was 7 (2.65, 0‐9) and in patients with emergence delirium was 14 (2.52, 10‐18). Children with emergence delirium required more interventions in the recovery room but few required pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsEmergence delirium occurs commonly after dental surgery, and the majority of the children presenting for dental surgery are anxious at induction. Children with emergence delirium require more interventions in the recovery room but few require pharmacological treatment.
Knowledge of Objective ‘Oughts’: Monotonicity and the New Miners Puzzle
Authors: Muñoz Daniel , Spencer Jack 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the classic Miners case, an agent subjectively ought to do what they know is objectively wrong. This case shows that the subjective and objective ‘oughts’ are somewhat independent. But there remains a powerful intuition that the guidance of objective ‘oughts’ is more authoritative—so long as we know what they tell us. We argue that this intuition must be given up in light of a monotonicity principle, which undercuts the rationale for saying that objective ‘oughts’ are an authoritative guide for agents and advisors.
A Soft‐Path Solution to Risk Reduction by Modeling Medical Waste Disposal Center Location‐Allocation Optimization
Authors: Yao Liming , Xu Zhongwen , Zeng Ziqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe risk of medical waste pollution and huge demand of daily medical waste disposal pose great difficulties to medical waste management. Establishing medical waste disposal centers (MWDCs) is considered one of the ways to reduce the environmental and public risk of medical waste pollution. However, how to serve the medical waste disposal demand in optimal MWDCs’ locations is a key challenge due to the complexity of the whole system and relationships among stakeholders. This article develops a soft‐path solution for reducing risks as well as mitigating the related costs by optimizing the MWDC location‐allocation problem. A risk mitigation‐oriented bilevel equilibrium optimization model is developed for modeling the Stackelberg game behavior between the local government and the medical institutions. The objectives of the local government are minimizing the total risk of loss, the subsidy costs, and the investment cost of building the MWDCs, while minimizing the disposal and transportation costs are the objectives at the medical institution level. Fuzzy random variables are introduced by combining insufficient historical data with expert knowledge via consulting surveys to describe the coexisting uncertainties in the data. To solve the model, a hybrid approach combined with the interactive fuzzy programming technique and an Entropy‐Boltzmann selection‐based genetic algorithm are designed and tested. The Chengdu Medical Waste Disposal Centers Planning Project is used as a practical application. The results show that it is possible to achieve a balanced market with higher economic efficiency and significantly reduced risk through an appropriate principle of interactive actions between the bilevel stakeholders.
Revisiting ‘Bordering, Ordering and Othering’: An Invitation to ‘Migrate’ Towards A Politics of Hope
Authors: Brambilla Chiara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract‘Bordering, Ordering and Othering’ is a landmark in the scholarship of the ‘processual turn’ in border studies. This commentary provides some reflections on van Houtum and van Naerssen’s paper that seek to foster not only an appreciation of the research avenues it has opened but also a critical interrogation of its shortcomings. Rethinking borders as processes has significantly contributed to the conceptual evolution of borders. And yet, I am concerned with how the b/ordering‐othering perspective can be questioned and broadened. In so doing, I conclude by taking up van Houtum and van Naerssen’s invitation to problematise the border, questioning certainty and securities provided by the exclusive modern state‐centric way of thinking borders based on fixed and everlasting binary framing, which blind us to the constant state of becoming of political and social order. It’s an invitation to ‘migrate’ towards an alternative politics of hope.
Reconsidering the Meta‐ethical Implications of Motivational Internalism and Externalism
Authors: Francén Ragnar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotivational internalism and externalism – that is, theories about moral motivation – have played central roles in meta‐ethical debate mainly because they have been thought to have implications for the constitutive nature of moral judgements. Thus, internalism and externalism have been adduced in favour of and against various versions of cognitivism and non‐cognitivism. This article aims to question a fundamental presupposition behind such arguments. It has standardly been assumed (i) that if motivational internalism is true then moral judgements must consist of attitudes that cannot be had without the relevant motivation, and (ii) that if motivational externalism is true, then moral judgements must consist of attitudes that one can have without being motivated. Against the background of a recent argument to the effect that the first of these assumptions is false, this article develops a parallel argument against the second. If this argument is correct, then motivational externalism is consistent with moral judgements being attitudes that one cannot have without being motivated. Together with the parallel argument concerning internalism, this means that the meta‐ethical significance of internalism and externalism must be reconsidered.
Trace metal elements as paleoenvironmental proxies: Why should we account for sedimentation rate variations?
Authors: Crombez Vincent , Rohais Sebastien , Euzen Tristan , Riquier Laurent , Baudin François , Hernandez-Bilbao Eider 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Trace metal elements (TMEs) are commonly used to reconstruct the environmental conditions present during the deposition of organic-rich sediments. For example, TME concentrations controlled by changes in primary productivity and redox conditions are widely used in paleoenvironmental studies. Recently, these proxies have undergone a resurgence of interest and are commonly used in large-scale (10–1000 km) studies. However, applying these geochemical proxies at basin scale while ignoring variations in sedimentation rates (SR) may lead to misinterpretation of paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, we show how SR can affect the geochemical records and may lead to incorrect interpretations of TME evolution. Accounting for SR, we computed the authigenic fraction accumulation rates of key TMEs in the Upper Montney Formation and Doig Phosphate (Triassic, western Canada), and we correct the concentration of these elements in the Vaca-Muerta Formation (Jurassic–Cretaceous, Argentina). Our SR-corrected TME proxies require a different interpretation of paleoenvironmental conditions (e.g., primary productivity, basin restriction) compared to conventional TME results and highlight that elementary enrichments commonly interpreted as indicative of anoxic depositional environments may reflect low SR and the formation of condensed intervals. This work also introduces a new workflow to account for SR in paleoenvironmental studies at basin scale and over long time periods.
Microbially induced pseudotraces from a Pantanal soda lake, Brazil: Alternative interpretations for Ediacaran simple trails and their limits
Authors: Warren L.V. , Buatois L.A. , Mángano M.G. , Simões M.G. , Santos M.G.M. , Poiré D.G. , Riccomini C. , Assine M.L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Despite the absence of metazoans, structures resembling animal traces are common in a soda lake from the western Brazil Pantanal wetland. Pantanal soda lakes are ecologically extreme environments that preclude complex life, allowing extremophiles to flourish. Direct observation indicates that these structures are pseudotraces, representing groove marks that result from the interaction of wave-transported floating rafts of epibenthic microbial mat fragments with the substrate. Variations in wind/wave direction and intensity result in marks of different size and morphology. The most common pseudotraces are simple and slightly curved, narrow grooves (type 1), whereas others are straight and present raised lateral ridges (type 2). Both are V-shaped in cross section. Type 3 comprises long, sinuous, shallow grooves, displaying internal crescentic laminated infill and U-shaped cross section. The similarity of these pseudotraces to Ediacaran structures usually interpreted as animal trace fossils suggests that care should be exercised in their analysis. A set of criteria is proposed to differentiate microbially induced pseudotraces from trace fossils. Analysis of Ediacaran structures needs to be performed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account morphology, orientation, and preservation style of the structure, sedimentary environment, and presence or absence of microbial mats.
Clinical implementation of circulating tumour DNA testing forEGFRT790M for detection of treatment resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Spence Tara , Perera Sheron , Weiss Jessica , Grenier Sylvie , Ranich Laura , Shepherd Frances , Stockley Tracy L 
Published: May 2020

AimsEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutations can be detected in the circulating tumour DNA from plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to triage patients for osimertinib eligibility and monitor patients longitudinally for development of T790M-mediated resistance.MethodsUsing droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), we examined theEGFRT790M status of 343 sequential patients with NSCLC and correlated mutational status with demographic and clinical features. Where available, serial T790M blood test results were assessed to identify clinical triggers and timing of repeat testing.ResultsOf the 343 patients with liquid biopsy test results, 24% were T790M positive. No clear clinical correlation with a T790M positive test result was identified in this study, although the number of metastatic sites did correlate significantly with the presence ofEGFRsensitising mutations (L858R or exon 19 deletion) in patient plasma, as a measure of tumour DNA shedding. Of the 59 serial blood tests from patients that initially tested negative, 14% were positive on sequential testing, at a time interval up to 6 months after an initially negative blood test.ConclusionsThe ddPCR test forEGFRT790M mutations effectively triaged 24% of patients for treatment with osimertinib, avoiding the need for invasive tissue biopsy in these patients. Our findings suggest that initial and repeat ctDNA testing can be used to monitor for acquiredEGFRT790M resistance for NSCLC.
Safety and efficacy of ticagrelor as single antiplatelet therapy in prevention of thromboembolic complications associated with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED): multicenter experience
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H , English Stephen W , Stapleton Christopher J , Khedr Eman , Shoyb Ahmed , Hegazy Ahmed , Elbassiouny Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundFlow diversion (FD) is a common treatment modality for complex intracranial aneurysms. A major concern regarding the use of FD is thromboembolic events (TEE). There is debate surrounding the optimal antiplatelet regimen to prevent TEE. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ticagrelor as a single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) for the prevention of TEE following FD for complex aneurysm treatment.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained neuroendovascular database at three endovascular centers was performed. Patients were included if they had an intracranial aneurysm that was treated with FD between January 2018 and September 2019 and were treated with ticagrelor as SAPT. Primary outcomes included early (within 72 hours post-procedure) and late (within 6 months) ischemic events.ResultsA total of 24 patients (mean age 47.7 years) with 36 aneurysms were eligible for analysis, including 15 (62.5%) females. 14 (58.3%) patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. 35 aneurysms arose from the anterior circulation and 1 from the posterior circulation. 23 aneurysms had a saccular morphology, whereas 7 were fusiform and 6 were blister. For the treatment of all 36 aneurysms, 30 procedures were performed with 32 FD devices. Procedural in-stent thrombosis occurred in 2 cases and was treated with intra-arterial tirofiban without complications. Aneurysm re-bleeding was reported in 1 (4.2%) patient. There were no reported early or late TEE. Three patients discontinued ticagrelor due to systemic side effects.ConclusionTicagrelor is a safe and effective SAPT for the prevention of TEE after FD. Large multicenter prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Comparison of NICE and ESC proposed strategies on new onset chest pain and the contemporary clinical utility of pretest probability risk score
Authors: Papachristidis Alexandros , Vaughan George Frederick , Denny Sarah J , Akbari Tamim , Avornyo Edith , Griffiths Tracey , Saunders Emma , Byrne Jonathan , Monaghan Mark J , Al Fakih Khaled 
Published: May 2020

AimsPatients with de novo chest pain are usually investigated non-invasively. The new UK-National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend CT coronary angiography (CTCA) for all patients, while European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends functional tests. We sought to compare the clinical utility and perform a cost analysis of these recommendations in two UK centres with different primary investigative strategies.Methods—resultsWe compared two groups of patients, group A (n=667) and group B (n=654), with new onset chest pain in two neighbouring National Health Service hospitals, each primarily following either ESC (group A) or NICE (group B) guidance. We assessed the clinical utility of each strategy, including progression to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and revascularisation. We present a retrospective cost analysis in the context of UK tariff for stress echo (£176), CTCA (£220) and ICA (£1001). Finally, we sought to identify predictors of revascularisation in the whole population.Baseline characteristics in both groups were similar. The progression to ICA was comparable (9.9% vs 12.0%, p=0.377), with similar requirement for revascularisation (4.0% vs 5.0%.; p=0.532). The average cost of investigations per investigated patient was lower in group A (£279.66 vs £325.77), saving £46.11 per patient. The ESC recommended risk score (RS) was found to be the only predictor of revascularisation (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06; p<0.001).ConclusionBoth NICE and ESC-proposed strategies led to similar rates of ICA and need for revascularisation in discrete, but similar groups of patients. The SE-first approach had a lower overall cost by £46.11 per patient, and the ESC RS was the only variable correlated to revascularisation.
Long-term patient-reported outcome measures after injury: National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) scoping review protocol
Authors: Herrera-Escobar Juan Pablo , Castillo-Angeles Manuel A , Osman Samia Y , Orlas Claudia P , Janjua Mahin B , Abdullah-Arain Muhammad , Reidy Emma , Jarman Molly P , Price Michelle A , Bulger Eileen M , Nehra Deepika , Haider Adil H 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundA significant proportion of patients who survive traumatic injury continue to suffer impaired functional status and increased mortality long after discharge. However, despite the need to improve long-term outcomes, trauma registries in the USA do not collect data on outcomes or care processes after discharge. One of the main barriers is the lack of consensus regarding the optimal outcome metrics.ObjectivesTo describe the methodology of a scoping review evaluating current evidence on the available measures for tracking functional and patient-reported outcomes after injury. The aim of the review was to identify and summarize measures that are being used to track long-term functional recovery and patient-reported outcomes among adults after injury.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and Embase will be performed using the search terms for the population (adult trauma patients), type of outcomes (long-term physical, mental, cognitive, and quality of life), and measures available to track them. Studies identified will be reviewed and assessed for relevance by at least two reviewers. Data will be extracted and summarized using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis of the results. This protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.DisseminationThis scoping review will provide information regarding the currently available metrics for tracking functional and patient-reported outcomes after injury. The review will be presented to a multi-disciplinary stakeholder group that will evaluate these outcome metrics using an online Delphi approach to achieve consensus as part of the development of the National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP). The results of this review will be presented at relevant national surgical conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Hydrostatic equilibrium configurations of neutron stars in a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling theory of gravity
Authors: Carvalho G. A. , Moraes P. H. R. S. , dos Santos S. I. , Gonçalves B. S. , Malheiro M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work we analyze hydrostatic equilibrium configurations of neutron stars in a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling (GMC) theory of gravity. We begin with the derivation of the hydrostatic equilibrium equations for thef(R, L) gravity theory, whereRandLare the Ricci scalar and Lagrangian of matter, respectively. We assume$$f(R,L)=R/2+[1+\sigma R]L$$f(R,L)=R/2+[1+σR]L, with$$\sigma $$σconstant. To describe matter inside neutron stars we assume a relativistic polytropic equation of state$$p=K \rho ^{\gamma }$$p=Kργ, with$$\rho $$ρbeing the energy density,Kand$$\gamma = 5/3 $$γ=5/3being constants. We also consider the more realistic equation of state (EoS) known as SLy4, which is a Skyrme type one based on effective nuclear interaction. We show that in this theory it is possible to reach the mass of massive pulsars, such as PSR J2215 + 5135, for both equations of state. Also, results for mass-radius relation in GMC gravity are strongly dependent on the stiffness of the EoS.
The integer {k}-domination number of circulant graphs
Authors: Cheng Yen-Jen , Fu Hung-Lin , Liu Chia-An 
Published: May 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple undirected graph. [Formula: see text] is a circulant graph defined on [Formula: see text] with difference set [Formula: see text] provided two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. For convenience, we use [Formula: see text] to denote such a circulant graph. A function [Formula: see text] is an integer [Formula: see text]-domination function if for each [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] By considering all [Formula: see text]-domination functions [Formula: see text], the minimum value of [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], then the integer [Formula: see text]-domination number of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text].
Analysis of the Transcriptome: Regulation of Cancer Stemness in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ by Vitamin D Compounds
Authors: Shan Naing Lin , Minden Audrey , Furmanski Philip , Bak Min Ji , Cai Li , Wernyj Roman , Sargsyan Davit , Cheng David , Wu Renyi , Kuo Hsiao-Chen D. , Li Shanyi N. , Fang Mingzhu , Maehr Hubert , Kong Ah-Ng , Suh Nanjoo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which accounts for one out of every five new breast cancer diagnoses, will progress to potentially lethal invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in about 50% of cases. Vitamin D compounds have been shown to inhibit progression to IDC in the MCF10DCIS model. This inhibition appears to involve a reduction in the cancer stem cell–like population in MCF10DCIS tumors. To identify genes that are involved in the vitamin D effects, a global transcriptomic analysis was undertaken of MCF10DCIS cells grown in mammosphere cultures, in which cancer stem–like cells grow preferentially and produce colonies by self-renewal and maturation, in the presence and absence of 1α25(OH)2D3 and a vitamin D analog, BXL0124. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing, we found that vitamin D compounds downregulated genes involved in maintenance of breast cancer stem–like cells (e.g., GDF15), epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis (e.g., LCN2 and S100A4), and chemoresistance (e.g., NGFR, PPP1R1B, and AGR2), while upregulating genes associated with a basal-like phenotype (e.g., KRT6A and KRT5) and negative regulators of breast tumorigenesis (e.g., EMP1). Gene methylation status was analyzed to determine whether the changes in expression induced by vitamin D compounds occurred via this mechanism. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify upstream regulators and downstream signaling pathway genes differentially regulated by vitamin D, including TP63 and vitamin D receptor –mediated canonical pathways in particular. This study provides a global profiling of changes in the gene signature of DCIS regulated by vitamin D compounds and possible targets for chemoprevention of DCIS progression to IDC in patients.