bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can preoperative inflammatory markers differentiate endometrial cancer from complex atypical hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia?
Authors: Selen Sevgi , Kilic Fatih , Kimyon Comert Gunsu , Unsal Mehmet , Kilic Cigdem , Karalok Alper , Turkmen Osman , Turan Taner 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the differences between complex atypical hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (CAH/EIN) and endometrioid‐type grade 1 endometrial cancer in terms of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers and to evaluate the effectiveness of such markers in predicting cancer.MethodsBetween January 2005 and September 2018, a total of 372 patients with final histopathologic diagnoses of CAH/EIN (n = 143) and endometrioid‐type grade 1 endometrial cancer (n = 229) were included in the study. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were used as preoperative inflammatory markers. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic prediction of NLR, PLR and PDW values to distinguish the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed by regrouping the patients according to the cut‐off values found in the ROC analysis.ResultsThe univariate analysis revealed that advanced age, decreases in PDW and also PLR could be predictors of cancer. The cut‐off values were as ≤48.9% for PDW and ≤133.3 for PLR. The values defined using ROC analysis were found to be statistically significant for PDW and PLR in identifying endometrioid grade 1 endometrial cancer. For PDW, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 52.8%, 62.2%, 68.9% and 45.5%, respectively (P = 0.001); for PLR, those were 55.9%, 59.4%, 68.8% and 45.7%, respectively (P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, advanced age (>53 years), low PDW (≤48.9%) and low PLR (≤133.3) were related to statistically significant odds ratio for diagnostic prediction to differentiate endometrioid grade 1 cases from CAH/EIN of 8.01 (P < 0.001), 1.79 (P = 0.019) and 1.73 (P = 0.025), respectively.ConclusionsThe PLR and PDW values in the preoperative blood parameters could be used to differentiate endometrial cancer from precancerous lesions.
Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations: MRI Commonly Shows Adjacent Intramedullary Hemorrhage
Authors: Panda Ananya , Diehn Felix E. , Kim Dong Kun , Bydon Mohamad , Goyal Anshit , Benson John C. , Carr Carrie M. , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Flemming Kelly D. , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThere is a relative paucity of radiology literature on spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCMs). We hypothesized that the classic MRI features of cavernous malformations are not highly prevalent. The purpose was to review MR imaging findings of SCMs with a focus on prevalence of hemorrhagic features, including adjacent intramedullary hemorrhage at initial presentation.METHODSIn this single‐institution study, 78 SCMs in 76 patients diagnosed on imaging/pathology were retrospectively evaluated for size, location, cord expansion, exophytic component, popcorn morphology, signal characteristics, including T1 weighted (T1w) and T2w rims, blood‐fluid levels, and adjacent intramedullary hemorrhage. Intramedullary hemorrhage was defined as centrally and/or eccentrically located linear or flame shaped non‐edematous signal abnormality extending longitudinally away from SCMs, distinct from lesional rim.RESULTSSixty‐three percent (49/78) of SCMs measured <1 cm in length, 78% (61/78) extended to the cord surface, 65% (51/78) were expansile, and 32% (25/78) were exophytic. Popcorn morphology was seen in 15% (12/78) on T1w and 22% (17/78) on T2w. Internal blood‐fluid levels were evident in 4% (3/78). Sixty‐nine percent (54/78) showed T2w hypointense rims; the T2w rim was complete/near‐complete in 37% (29/78). A rim on T1w was visible in 49% (38/78); this was hyperintense in 58% (22/38). Adjacent intramedullary hemorrhage was seen in 45/78 (58%), was most commonly bidirectional in 67% (30/45) and eccentric in 68% (30/44). Cord edema was seen in 22% (17/78); 53% (9/17) also demonstrated intramedullary hemorrhage with edema.CONCLUSIONSThe classically described popcorn morphology, internal blood‐fluid levels, and complete/near‐complete T2w hypointense rims are often absent on MRIs in SCMs. Adjacent intramedullary hemorrhage is frequently present, often eccentric and bidirectional.
Evaluation of the masticatory biomechanical function in Down syndrome and its Influence on sleep disorders, body adiposity and salivary parameters
Authors: Gomes Mônica Fernandes , Giannasi Lilian Chrystiane , Fillietaz‐Bacigalupo Elaine , de Mancilha Gabriela Pinto , de Carvalho Silva Gabriela Raine , Soviero Laura Dias , da Silva Gabriella Yasmin Santos , Nazario Letícia de Miguel , Dutra Marignês Theotonio dos Santos , Silvestre Pedro Ribeiro , de Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco , Nacif Sérgio Roberto , de Oliveira Ezequiel Fernandes , Serafim Irene Moreira , Pereira Bruna Dicieri , Greca Amanda Reis , Goulart Maria das Graças Vilela , Rode Sigmar de Mello , Tanaka Marcia Hiromi , Koga‐Ito Cristiane Yumi , Amorim José Benedito de Oliveira , Salgado Miguel Angel Castillo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the phenotypic features of the masticatory biomechanics in atypical subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Its influence was analysed on sleep disorders, body adiposity and its risks, and some physicochemical properties of saliva.MethodsSeventy subjects were enrolled to assess masticatory biomechanical function and divided into two groups: DS and control groups. Electrical activities of the masseter and temporal muscles (at rest and in maximum voluntary clench‐MVC), maximum bite force‐MBF and maximum mouth opening‐MMO were investigated. Among the atypical subjects, just 24 participants underwent the anthropometry, the polysomnography II and the saliva testing (salivary flow rate‐SFR, buffer capacity‐BC and salivary cortisol levels, morning/SC‐AM and night/SC‐PM).ResultsMVC and MBF values showed high statistical significance in the control group (P < .001) than in the DS group of 35. MMO values were slightly increased in the DS group in relation to the control group. Overweight and obesity were found in both genders. Atypical women showed higher risk to develop cardiovascular‐metabolic diseases than in atypical men. OSA severe was 20% for atypical women and 42.8% for atypical men, whereas snoring index was present in all genders. SFR was reduced in 100% of atypical subjects (hyposalivation in 10% women and 28.5% men). Furthermore, 100% BC, 66.6% SC‐AM and 91.6% SC‐PM showed normal patterns.ConclusionMasseter and temporal muscle hypotonia was found in all atypical subjects with DS. This muscle dysfunction strongly was related to overweight/obesity, risks for development of cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, OSA severity, successive snoring episodes and salivary flow reduction in DS.
Clinical Study of the Influence of Ambient Lighting Conditions on the Mesh Quality of an Intraoral Scanner
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Subramanian Sai Ganesh , Özcan Mutlu , Krishnamurthy Vinayak Raman 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compute the effect of ambient light illuminance settings on the mesh quality of the digital scans accomplished in a subject.Material and methodsA subject was recruited. The maxillary dentition did not present any dental restoration. A prosthodontist recorded different complete‐arch maxillary digital scans by using an IOS (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) under 4 different illuminance light conditions namely chair light at 10,000‐lux illuminance (CL group), room light at 1000‐lux illuminance (RL group), natural light at 500‐lux illuminance (NL group), and no light at 0‐lux luminosity (ZL group). Ten digital scans for each group were consecutively obtained. Mesh quality was examined using the iso2mesh MATLAB package. Shapiro‐Wilk test revealed a nonnormally distributed data. Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way ANOVA, and pair‐wise comparison were selected to evaluate the data (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences in mesh quality values were measured among the groups (p < 0.001). Pair‐wise comparisons revealed that significant difference was found across all pairs of lighting groups, except for the RL‐NL comparison (p = 0.279). However, the CL condition obtained the highest mean values, followed by RL and NL groups, and the lowest mean values were obtained on the ZL lighting condition.ConclusionsChair light at 10,000‐lux illuminance condition is recommended to maximize the quality mesh values of the IOS system tested (TRIOS 3; 3Shape).
Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on the management of powdery mildew of zucchini
Authors: Gullino Maria Lodovica , Tabone Giulia , Gilardi Giovanna , Garibaldi Angelo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe impact of combined environmental factors, such as temperature and CO2, on the control of the powdery mildew of zucchini, caused by Podosphaera xanthii, and of different control measures has been studied on plants grown in phytotrons. Five experimental trials were conducted, and the powdery mildew severity of both treated and untreated zucchini plants was found to be significantly affected by the interaction between temperature (three different regimes: 16–18; 18–22; 22–26°C), CO2 (two concentrations: 400–450 and 800–850 ppm) and the treatments. However, at the end of the trials, the efficacy of all the products was not affected by the different, tested environmental conditions. Sulphur consistently provided the highest disease control (75%–85% efficacy). Among the resistant inducers that were tested, calcium oxide was the most effective, in terms of powdery mildew control under all the conditions tested in phytotrons, reducing disease severity from 46% to 61%. Foliar applications of phosphite (14%–28% efficacy), Ampelomyces quisqualis (12%–23% efficacy) and potassium silicate (13%–24% efficacy) only slightly reduced the disease severity for all the tested temperature regimes and CO2 concentrations, compared to the untreated control. The results obtained under our experimental conditions show that a possible increase in CO2 concentration and temperature, which is expected for the next few years, should not influence the efficacy of the tested resistance inducers or of sulphur against powdery mildew on zucchini. Moreover, the suppressive effect of calcium oxide is in light of its possible use in greenhouses for zucchini powdery mildew control under 400–450 ppm of CO2 and under enriched condition of 800–850 ppm of CO2.
Cryptic Haploid Stages in the Life Cycle of Leathesia marina (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) Under In Vitro Culture
Authors: Poza Ailen M. , Santiañez Wilfred John E. , Croce M. Emilia , Gauna M. Cecilia , Kogame Kazuhiro , Parodi Elisa R. 
Published: May 2020

We evaluated the life cycle of Leathesia marina through molecular analyses, culture studies, morphological observations, and ploidy measurements. Macroscopic sporophytes were collected from two localities in Atlantic Patagonia and were cultured under long‐day (LD) and short‐day (SD) conditions. Molecular identification of the microscopic and macroscopic phases was performed through the cox3 and rbcL genes and the phylogeny was assessed on the basis of single gene and concatenated datasets. Nuclear ploidy of each phase was estimated from the DNA contents of individual nuclei through epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Molecular results confirmed the identity of the Argentinian specimens as L. marina and revealed their conspecificity with L. marina from New Zealand, Germany, and Japan. The sporophytic macrothalli (2n) released mitospores from plurilocular sporangia, which developed into globular microthalli (2n), morphologically similar to the sporophytes but not in size, constituting a generation of small diploid thalli, with a mean fluorescent nuclei cross‐sectional area of 3.21 ± 0.7 μm2. The unilocular sporangia released meiospores that developed two morphologically different types of microthalli: erect branched microthalli (n) with a nuclear area of 1.48 ± 0.07 µm2 that reproduces asexually, and prostrate branched microthalli (n) with a nuclear area of 1.24 ± 0.10 µm2 that reproduces sexually. The prostrate microthalli released gametes in LD conditions, which merged and produced macroscopic thalli with a nuclear cross‐sectional area of 3.45 ± 0.09 µm2. Flow cytometry confirmed that the erect and prostrate microthalli were haploid and that the globular microthalli and macrothalli were diploid.
Same‐day surgery may reduce the risk of losing pain perception in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion
Authors: Martin S. , Liebel F. X. , Fadda A. , Lazzerini K. , Harcourt‐Brown T. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the proportions of dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion that lose pelvic limb pain perception if surgery is performed on the day of admission or delayed overnight. To describe the outcome of those dogs that deteriorate to lose pain perception.Materials and MethodsRetrospective, single centre study on 273 client‐owned dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion and intact pain perception, but inability to walk unaided on their pelvic limbs. Dogs were subdivided into two groups: early surgery (spinal decompression between their examination at day of admission and the following morning), and delayed surgery (did not undergo surgery between admission and the following morning). The proportion of dogs that lost pelvic limb pain perception overnight was compared between the early and delayed surgery groups.ResultsSeven of 151 dogs in the early surgery group lost pain perception overnight compared to 15 of 122 in the delayed surgery group (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.025). Number‐needed‐to‐treat analysis suggested that 14 dogs (95% confidence interval: 7–106 dogs) need early surgery to prevent one losing pain perception overnight. Five of the seven dogs that lost pain perception in the early surgery group recovered pain perception by 3 weeks post‐operatively, compared to eight of 14 in the delayed group.Clinical SignificanceThis study suggests that an overnight delay before spinal decompression increases the risk of clinically meaningful deterioration in dogs unable to walk following thoracolumbar disc extrusion.
Macroevolutionary patterns in seed component mass and different evolutionary trajectories across seed desiccation responses
Authors: Chen Si‐Chong , Wu La‐Mei , Wang Bo , Dickie John B. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Seed coat and seed reserve show substantial mass variation, play different roles in plant life strategies and are shaped by different selective forces. However, remarkably little is known about the macroevolution of the relative allocation in seed components and its influence on important ecophysiological processes.

Using phylogenetic comparative methods and evolutionary modelling approaches, we modelled mass changes in seed components along individual lineages for 940 species and compared the patterns across seed desiccation responses.

Seed component allocation was driven primarily by changes in reserve mass rather than coat mass, as evolutionary rates in reserve mass significantly outpaced those in coat mass. Although the scaling patterns between reserve mass and coat mass were similar across desiccation responses, desiccation‐sensitive seeds allocated more and evolved faster in reserve compared to desiccation‐tolerant seeds.

The findings emphasize the relative importance of reserve to coat in the evolution of plant reproductive strategies, revealing potential ecological advantages gained by enlarged reserve. As the first quantification of the evolutionary tempo and mode of seed component mass, our study allows a detailed interpretation of evolutionary pathways underlying seed storage behaviours and advances the understanding of the evolution of desiccation sensitivity in seeds.
Outcomes of Femoral Neck Fractures Treated with Cannulated Internal Fixation in Elderly Patients: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Ju Fa‐xin , Hou Rui‐xing , Xiong Jin , Shi Hong‐fei , Chen Yi‐xin , Wang Jun‐fei 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of cannulated internal fixation in patients who sustain femoral neck fracture (FNF) and risk factors influencing the outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data from 73 elderly patients aged ≥60 years old, hospitalized for FNF and treated with cannulated internal fixation between August 2008 and July 2016. The inclusion criteria were: (i) patients aged ≥60 years; (ii) patients with recent femoral neck fracture, with times of injury ranging from 12–72 h; and (iii) patients who underwent Garden II–IV closed reduction and internal fixation. Patients were classified based on the Garden fracture type and Pauwels angle. Clinical data and radiographs before and after the surgery were collected. Subsequently, surgery was performed with the patient in supine position, under general or lumbar epidural anesthesia. Closed reduction was performed until satisfactory fracture reduction quality was achieved. The weight of all included patients were <75 kg, and thus, minimal internal fixation was performed. The ischemic necrosis of the femoral head was diagnosed by considering the symptoms, signs, and radiological findings. Harris hip scores were used to evaluate postoperative recovery of hip function. Furthermore, relationships between Garden fracture type and necrosis rate of the femoral head, Pauwels angle and necrosis rate of the femoral head, Garden fracture type and Harris hip score, and age and Harris hip score were analyzed.ResultsThe mean duration of surgery was 1 ± 0.17 h and blood loss for all the patients was approximately 15 mL. The included patients were followed up for 13–128 months, with an average follow‐up of 61 months. Among the included 73 patients, 65 (89.0%) exhibited satisfactory union, seven (9.6%) had femoral head necrosis, and one (1.4%) had nonunion. For seven patients with femoral head necrosis, there were two, two, and three patients classified as Garden IV, Garden III, and Garden II, respectively, and two and five patients classified as Pauwels II and Pauwels III, respectively. Among the seven cases, four underwent hip replacement. Garden fracture type was not significantly associated with femoral head necrosis (χ2 = 0.44, P > 0.05) or Harris score (χ2 = 1.43, P > 0.05). Patients with Pauwels I (0%) and II (4.3%) fractures exhibited a significantly lower necrosis rate than those with Pauwels III fractures (41.7%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCannulated internal fixation was more suitable for older Chinese patients with Pauwels I/II fractures than those with Pauwels III fractures.
I'm afraid! Children's experiences of being anesthetized
Authors: Andersson Lisbet , Karlsson Katarina , Johansson Pauline , Almerud Österberg Sofia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionChildren experience anesthetization as stressful, and many preoperative measures have been tested for reducing their anxiety. There is, however, little research about children's own experiences and thoughts about being anesthetized.AimsThe aim of the present study was thus to explain and understand the meaning of being anesthetized as experienced by children.MethodsA qualitative lifeworld hermeneutic approach was used. Data were collected through nonparticipant video observations, field notes, and interviews. The participants were children (n = 28) aged 4‐13 years who required general elective minor surgery performed in four Swedish hospitals.ResultsThe four interpreted themes describe the children's experiences of being anesthetized: Being powerless, Striving for control, Experiencing an ambiguous comprehensibility, and Seeking security. The children struggled with anxiety as a result of their inability to protect themselves from perceived external threats while being anesthetized. In order to meet their needs, it would be beneficial for them to receive appropriate information in a calm, supportive, and protective environment.ConclusionThe reasons for children experiencing anxiety when being anesthetized are multifaceted, and this study highlights the importance of listening to each child's own voice and striving to create an individually adapted caring and safe environment with as much protection as possible.
Toward a multifaceted understanding of Lareau's “sense of entitlement”: Bridging sociological and psychological constructs
Authors: Golann Joanne W. , Darling‐Aduana Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn her influential ethnographic study, Lareau proposed that intensive middle‐class parenting strategies produce in children a “sense of entitlement” that can be used to gain advantages in schools and other institutional settings. In this article, we review both sociological and psychological studies to propose a multifaceted understanding of a sense of entitlement that challenges the assumption that the consequences of entitlement are exclusively positive. We also compare “sense of entitlement” with four psychological constructs—academic entitlement, help‐seeking, interpersonal control, and agentic engagement—that provide critical clues for subsequent empirical efforts. Our study highlights the benefits of bridging sociological and psychological work, not only to connect related disciplines and concepts, but also to assess and refine theory.
Social Network Analysis for Coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the United States
Authors: Yum Seungil 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study explores how public key players play an important role in social networks for coronavirus (COVID‐19).MethodsThis study employs social network analyses based on 2,864 Twitter users and 2,775 communications of Twitter.ResultsThis study finds that President Trump plays the most important role in social networks among the top 20 key players for both in‐degree centrality and content in tweets. Second, Donald Trump and Barak Obama show the opposite result for the in‐degree centrality and follower analysis. The result shows that the topic‐based networks and the person‐based networks play a different role in social networks. This study demonstrates that the presidents, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional offices, the Centers for Disease Control, and news channels play a crucial role in the news of COVID‐19 for people. Key players, such as Donald Trump, Barack Obama, and BBC, are located in the central networks. In contrast, U.S. news channels and WHO and its regional offices have independent channels.ConclusionsGovernments should understand the characteristics of public key players to provide information for COVID‐19 in a timely manner.