bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistencies are common between non-Cochrane systematic reviews and their protocols registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) but were seldom explained
Authors: Hu Kaiyan , Zhang Ting , Zhang Weiyi , Zhou Qi , New Mengyao Jiang , Kwong Joey S.W. , Ma Yuxia , Jiang Yanbiao , Shang Zhizhong , Wu Anhu , Tao Gongcai , Ma Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Protocols of systematic reviews allow for planning and documentation of review methods and thus improve the transparency of the reviews process. However, pre-registration of a protocol is not enough, the author also need to follow it. PROSPERO is an open-access online database for the registration of non-Cochrane systematic reviews. The purpose of this study is to compare published non-Cochrane reviews with their pre-registered protocols on PROSPERO to determine what changes, if any, have been made, and how likely these changes are to impact the quality of systematic review.
Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study. We searched for protocols on PROSPERO platform that were registered in 2018 and then selected the protocols that full text have been published as of January 1st 2019. Published full texts were identified through the protocol's final publication citation. Two authors independently compared and identified changes between protocols and systematic reviews and then evaluated the impact (improve, reduce, or unclear) of these changes on the reporting or methodology quality of reviews. Descriptive statistics of percentage (%) and frequency (n) were conducted.
Results: We identified 39 pairs, all of which exhibited changes. “Search strategy”(92%, n=36), “data extraction”(90%, n=35), “data synthesis”(77%, n=30), “outcome”(64%, n=24), and “subgroup analysis”(64%, n=24) all showed significant changes. All changes to only one review were considered to improve the reporting or methodology quality, and the remaining 97% of reviews (n=38) contained changes that were considered to reduce the methodology or reporting quality or that had an unclear impact on systematic reviews.
Conclusions: Changes between the non-Cochrane systematic reviews and their protocols recorded on PROSPERO were widespread. Some of the changes reduced the methodology or reporting quality of systematic reviews or had an unclear impact. Measures should be taken to further improve the transparency of the non-Cochrane systematic reviews. Adding a new item in updated “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) and “Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (MOOSE) to guide reporting and explaining the changes, as well as advising peer reviewers (and editors) to check the reviews against the protocols are two suggested fundamental solutions.
Access to Oral Health Care: A Focus on Dental Caries Treatment Provision in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Uguru Nkolika , Onwujekwe Obinna , Ogu Ugochukwu Udochukwu , Uguru Chibuzo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Dental caries, despite improvement in oral health across the globe, is still a large contributor to the global burden of oral diseases and a major public health concern. In Enugu state Nigeria, there is minimal access to adequate and proper oral health care. This study examined the determinants of dental caries treatment provision and the challenges of providing equitable access to oral health care.

Method
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in three local government areas in Enugu state Nigeria. The study was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The determinants of supply of dental caries treatment services were explored with a focus on provider behaviour, cost of dental services, human resource availability and availability of dental equipment.

Results
Five factors determine what dental caries treatment service is provided viz: cost of raw materials (100%), human resources (98.1%), geographical location (98.1), Government policies (88%) and price of other goods (80.8%). Inadequate awareness and knowledge, high cost of treatment services, inadequately skilled staff, poor government funding and policy for oral health, limited primary healthcare facilities offering dental treatment services and poor knowledge of dental caries treatment options are factors that determine dental service provision and equally influence access to oral health care. There are still a limited number of dental facilities in the country with a growing need for dental caries treatment/services and other dental issues.
Conclusion
Adequate access to oral health care services is a major concern that affects all aspects of healthcare and a determining factor in the country’s drive to achieve universal health coverage. In order to address this, there is a need to incorporate oral health into the general health care system. Dental health facilities need to be strategically located and properly equipped with materials, equipment and adequate skilled staff.
Efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel compared with lanreotide 40 mg prolonged release in Chinese patients with active acromegaly: Results from a phase 3, prospective, randomized, and open-label study (LANTERN)
Authors: An Zhenmei , Lei Ting , Duan Lian , Hu Pei , Gou Zhongping , Zhang Lihui , Durand-Gasselin Lucie , Wang Nan , Wang Yan , Gu Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Lanreotide autogel is a somatostatin analog (SSA) approved for the treatment of acromegaly in 73 countries worldwide; however, it is not yet approved in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel compared with lanreotide 40 mg prolonged release (PR) in Chinese patients with active acromegaly.

Methods

LANTERN was a Phase 3, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority study. Patients with active acromegaly who had undergone surgery ≥3 months prior, or were unlikely or unable to undergo surgery, were treated with lanreotide autogel 60/90/120 mg (monthly deep subcutaneous injection) or lanreotide 40 mg PR (intramuscular injection every 7, 10, or 14 days) for 32 weeks. Primary endpoint was mean change-from-baseline in age-adjusted insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) standard deviations scores (SDS) at the end-of-study. Secondary endpoints included: growth hormone (GH) levels ≤2.5 µg/L or ≤1.0 µg/L, ≥20% reduction in tumor volume (TV) and safety.

Results

In total, 128 patients were randomized and received study treatment. Lanreotide autogel was non-inferior to lanreotide 40 mg PR: treatment difference (95% CI) for IGF-1 SDS between groups was −0.32 (−0.74, 0.11; per protocol population) and −0.27 (−0.63, 0.09; intention-to-treat [ITT] population), respectively. Reductions in IGF-1 (−6.453 vs −7.003) and GH levels (−9.548 µg/L vs −13.182 µg/L), and the proportion of patients with ≥1 acromegaly symptom (−20.3% vs −32.5%) were observed from baseline to end-of-study in lanreotide autogel and lanreotide 40 mg PR groups, respectively. In the lanreotide autogel group, 45.5% (25/55) patients achieved ≥20% reduction in TV compared with 50.9% (25/53) in lanreotide 40 mg PR group (ITT). Safety profiles were similar in both treatment groups.

Conclusions

Lanreotide autogel was non-inferior to lanreotide 40 mg PR in Chinese patients with active acromegaly after 32 weeks of treatment.
Association between musculoskeletal function deterioration and locomotive syndrome in the general elderly population: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry
Authors: Tokida Ryosuke , Ikegami Shota , Takahashi Jun , Ido Yoshikazu , Sato Ayaka , Sakai Noriko , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Locomotive syndrome is defined as the loss of mobility due to age-related impairment of motor organs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of locomotive syndrome, muscular strength and balancing ability, and prevalence of sarcopenia in relation to the presence of locomotive syndrome according to sex and age groups ranging between 50-80 years.

Methods

Male and female participants between the ages of 50-89 were randomly selected in the resident registry of a cooperating town. Calls for participation continued until approximately 50 consenting participants were successfully recruited for each age group and sex. A total of 413 participants (203 male and 210 female) were enrolled for undergoing a locomotive syndrome risk test and measuring their physical function. Physical function was compared to participants with or without locomotive syndrome.

Results

A total of 312 patients (75.5%) were diagnosed as locomotive syndrome, of which 144 (46.2%) were male and 168 (53.8%) were female. The severity of locomotive syndrome for the 312 patients were 210 (67.3%) for stage 1 and 102 (32.7%) for stage 2. Knee extension strength was significantly lower in males and females aged 50-59 years and females aged 60-69 years with locomotive syndrome. Locomotive syndrome in 49 patients diagnosed as sarcopenia included 3 (6.1%) with no locomotive syndrome, 18 (36.7%) classified as locomotive syndrome stage 1, and 28 (57.2%) classified as stage 2. Patients with sarcopenia, particularly in males, could be assumed to have locomotive syndrome.

Conclusions

The prevalence of locomotive syndrome increased with age, including approximately half of the participants aged 50-59 years and over 90% aged 70-79 years and 80-89 years who were diagnosed as locomotive syndrome. In addition, patients with locomotive syndrome exhibited lower knee extension strength. We believe that some measures to prevent or improve locomotive syndrome may require exercise to increase the muscle strength of the lower limbs.
Analysis of the relationship between Modic change and spinopelvic alignment parameters in degenerative scoliosis patients
Authors: Wang Haosheng , Hu Hao , Cheng Xueliang , Qu Yang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Sagittal alignment and coronal balance have been considered to be important in treating patients with degenerative scoliosis (DS). Previous studies have reported that Modic changes (MCs), disc degeneration (DD),and facet tropism(FT) have been considered as major factors forspinopelvic alignment parameters inpatients with DS. However, no previous study has investigated relationship between them.Methods: Our retrospective study recruited 38 DS patients and41 healthy age and sex matched individuals.The DS patientswere divided into DS group andhealthy age and sex matched individuals were divided into healthy group.Full‑length frontal and lateral views of the entire spine was measured to evaluate sagittal alignment and coronal balance. Endplate-disc-facetjoints degeneration of patients with DS were quantified using the Modic classifications, DD, and FT.The spinopelvic alignment parameters were measured, including pelvic incidence,sacral slope,lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, C7-sagittal vertical axis, L3 tilt, coronal balance distance, coronal cobb angel, thoracolumbar junctional angle, T1 pelvic angle.Results:Based on radiographic findings, the incidence of MCs at different lumbar level was higher percentage of participants showed MCsand FT in the DS group (DS group: 52.63%, healthy group: 11.24%). The coronal and sagittal parameters were significantly different between DS group and healthy group (p<0.05), except for SS (>0.05).Besides, there was significant correlation between the coronal and sagittal parameters.Conclusions: Coronal deformity has little effect on sagittal parameter sexcept for SVA, TK, and LLI. Besides, differentcoronal deformity types show weak difference on sagittal plan. The prevalence of MC in DLS group is higher than healthy group, which result in poorer clinical outcomes.
Economic Fluctuations and the shadow Economy: A global study
Authors: Canh Nguyen , Schinckus Christophe , Thanh Su Di 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The recent economic crisis re-emphasizes the importance of the economic fluctuations. This study investigates the role of shadow economy in combination with economic factors on the economic instability for 133 economies between 1991 and 2015. Using the system-GMM estimations, this article shows that a larger shadow economy increases the fluctuations of GDP growth rate in relation to the size and the volatility of shadow economy. Notably, the shadow economy presents an inverted-U relationship with economic instability and this relationship is strongest for low- and lower-middle income economies. Our results identify two categories of drivers for economic fluctuations: the stabilizing factors (the labour force and the TFP) and the enhancing factors (capital investment, consumption, government spending, trade and FDI inflows). Interestingly exports increase economic fluctuations while imports decrease them. Finally, we discuss differences in the determinants of economic instability across low, middle and high incomes countries.
Identification and Exploration of Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 1 (SPINK1) as a Potential Biomarker Correlated with the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Ai Rongshuang , Ding Zhiqiang , Wang Zimeng , He Qian , Dong Yilin , Zhu Yiting , Ouyang Wenzhong , He Yujuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Approximately 85% of lung cancer patients represent a group of histological subtypes collectively known as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC, mRNA expression profiles were downloaded from GEO database (GSE19804, GSE18842, GSE27262, and GSE43458) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NSCLC tissues were analyzed by GEO2R. DEGs in NSCLC tissues were further analysed in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression Project) and IST (In Silico Transcriptomics) online databases. Serum of NSCLC patients and normal controls were collected and serum concentration of SPINK1 were analysed by ELISA. mRNA and protein expression levels of SPINK1 were analysed by qRT-PCR and western assays. siRNA targeting SPINK1 and normal controls were used for the silence of SPINK1 and GAPDH. CCK-8 assays were employed for cell proliferation detection. Flow cytometric analysis and western blot assays were conducted to assess cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Western blot assays were performed for the evaluation of cell autophagy and signaling pathways.Results Among these DEGs, SPINK1 was distinctively up-regulated in NSCLC tissues, which was further validated in TCGA, GTEx and IST databases. Furthermore, serum SPINK1 concentration notably increased in NSCLC patients compared with normal controls. Besides, both mRNA and protein expression levels of SPINK1 significantly increased in human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299 compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cell line HBE. Silence of SPINK1 significantly inhibited proliferation of NSCLC cell lines, and exogenous addition of rhSPINK1 partially rescued proliferation suppressed by endogenous knockdown of SPINK1. Mechanistically, silence of SPINK1 could inhibit MEK/ERK signaling pathway, while rhSPINK1 could activate MEK/ERK signaling pathway and then promote proliferation of NSCLC cell lines. In addition, silence of SPINK1 also could activate cell autophagy and apoptosis.Conclusions Overall, our results suggested that SPINK1 may be a potential biomarker correlated with the progression of NSCLC.
Determinants of breakfast consumption among female adolescents: Application of the Health Promotion Model using Structural Equation Modeling in the west of Iran
Authors: Imani-Nasab Mohammad-Hassan , ardaln Arash , Cheraghi Nasim , Piri Zahra Asadi , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , bastami fatemeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Systematic Human Rights Violations, Traumatic Events, Daily Stressors and Mental Health of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Riley Andrew , Akther Yasmin , Noor Mohammed , Ali Rahmat , Welton-Mitchell Courtney 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Almost 900,000 Rohingya refugees currently reside in refugee camps in Southeastern Bangladesh. Prior to fleeing Myanmar, Rohingya experienced years of systematic human rights violations, in addition to recent and historical traumatic events such as the burning of their villages and murder of family members, friends and neighbors. Currently, many Rohingya struggle to meet basic needs in refugee camps in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between historical systematic human rights violations, additional traumatic events, daily stressors, mental health distress and related functioning. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from a representative sample of 495 Rohingya refugee adults residing in camps in Bangladesh in August of 2018. Results: Systematic human rights violations, traumatic events, daily stressors, and mental health distress were common among Rohingya refugees. Historic systematic human rights violations, additional trauma events, and daily stressors were predictive of symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety among Rohingya refugees. Conclusions: Findings underscore the impact of systematic human rights violations, targeted violence, and daily stressors associated with life in the refugee camps, on the mental health of Rohingya in Bangladesh. Future research should include examination of human rights violations, in addition to other variables, in predicting mental health outcomes.
Parental long working hours and adult children's depression in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyunil , Lee Woncheol , Park Soyoung , Kim Hyeongcheol 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the association between parental long working hours and the depression of adult children living with them in South Korea. Methods: Data from two years of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed using a cross-sectional study. Study samples included 1334 adult children aged ≥ 19 and 2486 parents (1483 mothers and 1003 fathers). Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between parental long working hours and their adult children’s depression. Results: Odds ratio (OR) of adult children’s depression for maternal working > 60 hours/week was 4.88 (95% confidential interval (CI): 1.95 – 12.2) when maternal working ≤ 40 hours/week was considered as a reference in the crude model. After considering parental and adult children’s socio-demographic characteristics and occupational characteristics, and parental depression, OR of adult children’s depression for maternal working was found to be 10.2 (95% CI: 2.47 – 42.0). The association between paternal long working hours and adult children’s depression was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Mothers’ long working hours were associated with the greater risk of their adult children’s depression in South Korea. Comprehending aging mothers’ weekly working hours is an important factor when developing strategies for addressing adult children’s depression using family-based interventions.
Decreased Counts of T Lymphocyte Subsets Predict Prognosis in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiong , Jiang Wanli , Zeng Zhi , Fan Di , Zhang Ying , Chen Zuxin , Jiang Wubian , Xie Songping , Xia Hao , Jiang Ying-an , Liu Xin-an 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The outbreak and the rampant spread of SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) first identified in Wuhan, China, has infected thousands of patients and killed more than two thousand. We aimed to find indicators that could predict the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods Medical history, clinical features, laboratory and radiological results were retrospectively reviewed from 112 patients with clinically diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 1 to Jan 31, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up to Feb 9, 2020. Results Based on their outcomes, we divided these patients into groups of remission, deterioration and death respectively, and analyzed the counts of lymphocyte and its subsets. A decreased combination of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts was observed as the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia progressed. Among them, the CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were reduced at the early stage, while CD8+ counts were decreased at advanced stage or end stage. Conclusions We identified in our study of 112 hospitalized patients that CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were useful markers to predict the clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at different stages. Considering the large number of patients with severe pneumonia, and the urgency of this ongoing global public health emergency, the counts of lymphocyte and its subsets from laboratory examinations could be easy and useful indicators for physicians to determine a timely and proper therapeutic strategy for patients and an early warning sign for predicting or reducing mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia.
A Meta-analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Mortality COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Jiang Shangxia , Wu Yueming , Lou Tianzheng , Xu Junlong , Zhang Yu , Chen Hu , Xu Hewei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) clinical characteristics and mortality risk by pooling the open published data.Methods Studies relevant to COVID-19 published in Pubmed, China Wanfang database, ChinaXiv and medRxiv were systematic screened by using the text word of “COVID-19”, 2019-nCoV, “SARS-CoV-2”, “NCP”. The mortality and clinical characteristic of the COVID-19 cases such as male/female ratio, mechanical ventilation ratio and top clinical symptom rate of the COVID-19 cases were pooled.ResultsTen clinical studies relevant to COVID-19 were identified by electronic searching the related databases. The combined mortality was 0.03(95%CI: 0.01-0.04) for COVID-19 cases by random effect model. The pooled female ratio of the COVID-19 cases from 10 published data was 0.41(95%CI:0.37-0.46). The pooled invasive and non-invasive ventilation ratio were 0.03(95%CI:0.01-0.05) and 0.06(95%CI:0.02-0.09) respectively for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The pooled clinical symptom rate of fever, cough, headache and fatigue were 0.80(95%CI:0.60-1.01), 0.12(95%CI:0.08-0.17), 0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.73) and 0.51(95%CI:0.36-0.67) respectively under random effect model.Conclusion According to the present published data, male was more cline to susceptible to COVID-19 compared to female. The fever, cough and fatigue were the most common symptom of COVID-19 cases. About 10% of patients received invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation with the overall crude mortality of 3%.