bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refeeding Syndrome in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Is Not Associated to Mortality or Length of Hospital Stay: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Meira Ana Paula Corrêa , Santos Carolina Oliveira dos , Lucho Cíntia Lopes Castro , Kasmirscki Cristine , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRefeeding syndrome (RS) is characterized by severe electrolyte derangement that may be associated with worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. In this study, we aim to assess the incidence of RS in inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and its possible association with the length of hospital stay (LHS) and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a historical cohort study involving adults receiving PN, monitored by a nutrition therapy team in a Brazilian public hospital. Data collection was made from electronic records. We assessed the presence of RS after PN therapy was initiated. The amount of energy delivered within 72 hours of PN, LHS, and mortality were compared between patients with and without RS.ResultsOne‐hundred ninety‐seven patients (aged 57.7 ± 14.1 years; 55.7% men) were followed for a median of 51 days. The incidence of RS was equal to 25.4%. The adequacy of energy delivered in relation to energy requirements within 72 hours (69.4% ± 29.3% vs 61.8% ± 21.6%) was higher in patients with RS than in those without RS (P = .054). The incidence of death was 55.3% and did not differ between groups. The median of LHS was equal to 51.0 (32.0–83.0) days, and it also did not differ between patients with and without RS.ConclusionRS was identified in 25% of patients receiving PN, but it was not associated to mortality and LHS, even when energy delivery was considered in combination to RS.
Ocular preservation in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma before chemotherapy in situ era: A report from a Mexican Retinoblastoma Reference Hospital
Authors: del Carmen Bernal‐Díaz Zaira , Murillo‐Maldonado Marco A. , Pérez‐Villanueva Heynar , Reyes‐López Alfonso , Ramírez‐Ortiz Marco A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBilateral retinoblastoma (Rb) treatment remains a challenge for ophthalmologists and pediatric oncologists despite new therapeutic strategies for eye preservation. The purpose of this work is to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients who underwent eye salvage treatment at a single‐center prior to the chemotherapy in situ era.ProcedureWe followed a cohort of 88 consecutive Rb patients diagnosed at Hospital Infantil de México between November 2000 and June 2014. Eye salvage treatment consisted of systemic chemotherapy plus focal therapy planned by a multidisciplinary team. Unresponsive tumors were treated with episcleral brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).ResultsA total of 96 eyes underwent eye salvaging therapy. Seventy‐eight eyes (81%) were salvaged. Seven patients (8%) required brachytherapy and 34 patients (39%) underwent EBRT. Thirty‐three of 78 preserved eyes (42%) achieved normal visual acuity: 5/27 (20%) in radiated patients and 28/51 (61%) in nonradiated patients. Eight patients developed secondary primary malignancies; however, those treated with EBRT did not have a significantly increased risk when compared with nonirradiated patients (OR: 1.66; P = 0.492). The overall survival rate was 86% (95% CI, 76%‐92%) after a mean follow‐up of 10 years.ConclusionsEye preservation, long‐term tumor control, and functional visual acuity could be maintained in many child and adolescent Rb survivors. Our data suggest that ocular radiotherapy can be used as consolidation treatment when other recently developed therapies with potentially fewer side effects are not available. Multidisciplinary management of Rb is mandatory to obtain cancer control during eye salvage treatment.
Does intensity of stimulus and culture matter in death anxiety?
Authors: Tasmeera Saiyida , Akhtar Tanvir , Afaq M. Yasir Masood 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo experiments were designed to study the effect of mortality salience (MS) and terror attack news on socioreligious attribution of Muslims in Pakistan. The first sample of students (n = 238) was taken from public and private universities of Pakistan. The age range of the sample was 18–37 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: 2 (MS vs. pain salience) × 4 (non‐Muslims attacking Muslims vs. Muslims attacking non‐Muslims vs. Muslims attacking Muslims vs. weather news). Results indicated a non‐significant main effect of MS (p = .83) on socioreligious attribution. Similarly, a non‐significant interaction effect (p = .76.) on socioreligious attribution was found. However, the main effect of terror news was significant (p = .01). Post hoc analyses revealed that individuals exposed to the news video showing Muslims attacking non‐Muslims scored significantly higher than the rest. Study II was conducted to compare the results of Study I by observing the effect of MS and four news videos after introducing MS through death simulation. The sample of students (n = 120) was taken from public and private universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The age range of the sample was 18–37 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: 2 (MS vs. pain salience) × 4 (non‐Muslims attacking Muslims vs. Muslims attacking non‐Muslims vs. Muslims attacking Muslims vs. weather news). Results indicated a significant main effect of MS (p = .001) on socioreligious attribution. Similarly, findings indicated a significant interaction effect (ρ = .001) on socioreligious attribution. These studies were conducted within the culture and religion in question. Further studies on terror management theory are needed in Pakistan to benefit from the work being done on post‐traumatic stress disorder with reference to Pakistan.
THz‐Raman – A New Analytical Tool
Authors: Carriere James , Schulze Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTHz‐Raman is a new analytical technique that uses optical sensing to obtain quantitative information about macroscopic motion and structure in samples, including phase changes, ligand binding of proteins, and biopolymer conformational data. This technique is now packaged for easy integration into optical microscopes and spectrometers for research use, as well as in stand‐alone well plate readers for use in high‐throughput drug discovery and related applications.
Reliability of safety‐critical systems: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Maurya Ankur , Kumar Divya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSafety‐critical systems are designed to prevent catastrophic consequences from failure, such as injury or death to humans and environmental damage. These must be carefully designed to ensure reliability requirements. The purpose of this paper is to identify the number of models in the reliability analysis of safety‐critical systems. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic review of 40 shortlisted studies. The selected studies are classified based on various techniques used in safety‐critical systems. This paper summarizes the literature review in the field of reliability of safety‐critical systems. The limitations of the literature are exquisitely represented. The international safety norms and applications of safety‐critical systems are discussed systematically in this paper. This paper emerges research trends, research challenges and insights of the researcher for future research direction in the area of safety‐critical systems.
Tracheobronchial amyloidosis: an uncommon disease with a common presentation
Authors: Mangla Loveleen , Vadala Rohit , Kadli Shirish Kumar , Prajapat Deepak , Talwar Deepak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmyloidosis is an uncommon heterogeneous and multi‐systemic disease characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition. The size of proteins varies and forms a part of local disease or systemic process. Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is the most prevalent form of systemic amyloidosis which may also be seen in localized disease. Isolated tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is rather unusual with local amyloid deposition which may pose a diagnostic dilemma with subsequent therapeutic challenge. Awareness of such a presentation is crucial in the diagnosis of this rare disease. We describe three cases who presented with haemoptysis, which on further evaluation were diagnosed as isolated TBA, and a review of literature.
Hybrid threshold strategy‐based adaptive tracking control for nonlinear stochastic systems with full‐state constraints
Authors: Hua Changchun , Meng Rui , Li Kuo 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article focuses on the adaptive tracking control problem for a class of interconnected nonlinear stochastic systems under full‐state constraints based on the hybrid threshold strategy. Different from the existing works, we propose a novel pre‐constrained tracking control algorithm to deal with the full‐state constraint problem. First, a novel nonlinear transformation function and a new coordinate transformation are developed to constrain state variables, which can directly cope with asymmetric state constraints. Second, the hybrid threshold strategy is constructed to provide a reasonable way in balancing system performance and communication constraints. By the use of dynamic surface control technique and neural network approximate technique, a smooth pre‐constrained tracking controller with adaptive laws is designed for the interconnected nonlinear stochastic systems. Moreover, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all state variables are successfully pre‐constrained within asymmetric boundaries. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed control algorithm.
Versatile Yolk–Shell Encapsulation: Catalytic, Photothermal, and Sensing Demonstration
Authors: Lee Hak‐Lae , Wei Haoran , Kim Kiyoon , Choe Hyun‐Seok , Park Hyun , Yu Taekyung , Lee Changha , Kim Jae‐Hong , Kim Jae‐Hyuk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, a novel, versatile synthetic strategy to fabricate a yolk–shell structured material that can encapsulate virtually any functional noble metal or metal oxide nanocatalysts of any morphology in a free suspension fashion is reported. This strategy also enables encapsulation of more than one type of nanoparticle inside a single shell, including paramagnetic iron oxide used for magnetic separation. The mesoporous organosilica shell provides efficient mass transfer of small target molecules, while serving as a size exclusion barrier for larger interfering molecules. Major structural and functional advantages of this material design are demonstrated by performing three proof‐of‐concept applications. First, effective encapsulation of plasmonic gold nanospheres for localized photothermal heating and heat‐driven reaction inside the shell is shown. Second, hydrogenation catalysis is demonstrated under spatial confinement driven by palladium nanocubes. Finally, the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of model pollutant by gold nanorods is presented for highly sensitive environmental sensing with size exclusion.
Rainfall Variability and Quantity of Water Supply in Bamenda I, Northwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Sedrique Zoyem Tedonfack , Nfor Julius Tata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBamenda I municipality found in the humid tropic is endowed with a dense hydrological network which makes it a water catchment for the entire region. Paradoxically, the region still suffers problems of water shortage. This is due to the spatial and temporal variability in rainfall that greatly affects water supply through its impacts on surface and groundwater. For this reason, we came up with the research topic “Rainfall variability and quantity of water supply in Bamenda 1, Northwest Region of Cameroon.” The objective of this study is to examine the manifestations of rainfall variability, and how it affects quantity of water supply in the humid tropics. Rainfall data use for this study comprised of annual, monthly, and daily rainfall over a period of 55 years. Water supply data was made of monthly and annual supply. With these data, a Pearson’s correlation was computed, and it gave a value of 0.701, with a rainfall proportion of 49.14% and 50.86% for other factors. The seasonality and the Standardized Precipitation Index were equally analyzed. At the end of the study, results showed that rainfall events in Bamenda I fluctuates with time and in space. It equally presented a reduction in the number of rainy days from 204 days in 1663 to 155 in 2018. This led to a reduction in length of rainy season and in rainfall amounts. In addition, the area has witnessed sedimentation of riverbeds and water reservoirs due to erosion and deposition during high rainfall peaks. Equally, floods observed during high rainfall episodes have become a potential threat to water infrastructures imposing exceptional water shortages during the rainy seasons. Due to these, actors in the water supply sector are putting in measures to remedy the situation.
Neuronal lineages derived from the nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors
Authors: Kameneva Polina , Kastriti Maria Eleni , Adameyko Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor a long time, neurogenic placodes and migratory neural crest cells were considered the immediate sources building neurons of peripheral nervous system. Recently, a number of discoveries revealed the existence of another progenitor type—a nerve-associated multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) building enteric and parasympathetic neurons as well as neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. SCPs are neural crest-derived and are similar to the crest cells by their markers and differentiation potential. Such similarities, but also considerable differences, raise many questions pertaining to the medical side, fundamental developmental biology and evolution. Here, we discuss the genesis of Schwann cell precursors, their role in building peripheral neural structures and ponder on their role in the origin in congenial diseases associated with peripheral nervous systems.
Klassische IVF vs. Natural-Cycle- und Minimal-Stimulation-IVF
Authors: von Wolff Michael , Magaton Isotta 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zunehmend werden neben den klassischen IVF(In-vitro Fertilisation)-Therapien nichtklassische IVF-Therapien ohne Stimulation (Natural-Cycle-IVF) oder mit einer nur sehr geringen Gonadotropinstimulation (Minimal-Stimulation-IVF) durchgeführt. Diese nichtklassischen IVF-Therapien werden unter Reproduktionsmedizinern kontrovers diskutiert.

Fragestellung
Wie unterschieden sich diese Therapieformen und warum werden sie kontrovers diskutiert?

Material und Methoden
Basierend auf der aktuellen Literatur und eigenen Daten werden die verschiedenen Therapien dargestellt, verglichen und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Nichtklassische IVF-Therapien werden monatlich durchgeführt, sind pro Therapiezyklus kostengünstiger, weniger belastend für die Frauen und weniger risikoreich. Allerdings ist die Schwangerschaftsrate pro Zyklus im Vergleich zu klassischen IVF-Therapien geringer. Da bei den nichtklassischen IVF-Therapien im gleichen Therapiezeitraum ca. 4 Zyklen durchgeführt werden können, sind Zeit- und Konsultationsaufwand sowie Kosten pro erzielter Schwangerschaft ähnlich. Beide Formen sollten nicht als konkurrierende, sondern als sich ergänzende Behandlungsformen im Sinne einer personalisierten IVF-Therapie verstanden werden mit z. T. unterschiedlichen Zielgruppen und Indikationen und der Möglichkeit eines Wechsels zwischen den Therapien.
Die deutsche IVF-Kostenerstattung benachteiligt nichtklassische IVF-Therapien. Aufgrund der vielen Vorteile nichtklassischer IVF-Therapien wäre eine Anpassung der Kostenerstattung im Sinne einer Erstattung von Therapiekosten anstatt von Therapiezyklen sinnvoll und zeitgemäß.
Droplet velocity and diameter distributions in flash boiling liquid nitrogen jets by means of phase Doppler diagnostics
Authors: Rees Andreas , Araneo Lucio , Salzmann Heiko , Lamanna Grazia , Sender Joachim , Oschwald Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to current and future environmental and safety issues in space propulsion, typical propellants for upper stage or satellite rocket engines such as the toxic hydrazine are going to be replaced by green propellants like the combination of liquid oxygen and hydrogen or methane. The injection of that kind of cryogenic fluids into the vacuum atmosphere of space leads to a superheated state, which results in a sudden and eruptive atomization due to flash boiling. For a detailed experimental investigation of superheated cryogenic fluids, the new cryogenic test bench M3.3 with a temperature controlled injection system was built at DLR Lampoldshausen. After a first test campaign with high-speed shadowgraphy of flash boiling liquid nitrogen sprays, a laser-based Phase Doppler system was set-up to determine the spatial distributions of droplet velocities and diameters in highly superheated sprays. The spatial distributions revealed a core region with high mean velocities close to the injector orifice. With increasing distance from the injector orifice, the sprays develop a more and more monodisperse pattern. These distributions also showed that atomization due to flash boiling generates finer sprays with growing degrees of superheat. In certain spray regions, two droplet populations varying in their direction of motion, velocity and diameter due to possible recirculation zones were observed. The experimental data of flash boiling liquid nitrogen generated within this study provide a comprehensive data base for the validation of numerical models and further numerical investigations.

Graphic abstract
Entropy Numbers of Finite Dimensional Mixed-Norm Balls and Function Space Embeddings with Small Mixed Smoothness
Authors: Mayer Sebastian , Ullrich Tino 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the embedding $$\mathrm {id}: \ell _p^b(\ell _q^d) \rightarrow \ell _r^b(\ell _u^d)$$

id
:

ℓ
p
b

(

ℓ
q
d

)

→

ℓ
r
b

(

ℓ
u
d

)

and prove matching bounds for the entropy numbers $$e_k(\mathrm {id})$$

e
k

(
id
)

provided that $$0<p<r\le \infty $$

0
<
p
<
r
≤
∞

and $$0<q\le u\le \infty $$

0
<
q
≤
u
≤
∞

. Based on this finding, we establish optimal dimension-free asymptotic rates for the entropy numbers of embeddings of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces of small dominating mixed smoothness, which gives a complete answer to an open problem mentioned in the recent monograph by Dũng, Temlyakov, and Ullrich. Both results rely on a novel covering construction recently found by Edmunds and Netrusov.
Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics
Authors: Trimmel Karin , Caciagli Lorenzo , Xiao Fenglai , van Graan Louis A. , Koepp Matthias J. , Thompson Pamela J. , Duncan John S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate alterations of language networks and their relation to impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using functional MRI.

Methods
Seventy-two adult TLE patients (41 left) and 36 controls were studied with overt auditory and picture naming fMRI tasks to assess temporal lobe language areas, and a covert verbal fluency task to probe frontal lobe language regions. Correlation of fMRI activation with clinical naming scores, and alteration of language network patterns in relation to epilepsy duration, age at onset and seizure frequency, were investigated with whole-brain multiple regression analyses.

Results
Auditory and picture naming fMRI activated the left posterior temporal lobe, and stronger activation correlated with better clinical naming scores. Verbal fluency MRI mainly activated frontal lobe regions. In left and right TLE, a later age of epilepsy onset related to stronger temporal lobe activations, while earlier age of onset was associated with impaired deactivation of extratemporal regions. In left TLE patients, longer disease duration and higher seizure frequency were associated with reduced deactivation. Frontal lobe language networks were unaffected by disease characteristics.

Conclusions
While frontal lobe language regions appear spared, temporal lobe language areas are susceptible to dysfunction and reorganisation, particularly in left TLE. Early onset and long duration of epilepsy, and high seizure frequency, were associated with compromised activation and deactivation patterns of task-associated regions, which might account for impaired naming performance in individuals with TLE.
An international survey on anastomotic stricture management after esophageal atresia repair: considerations and advisory statements
Authors: ten Kate Chantal A. , Tambucci Renato , Vlot John , Spaander Manon C. W. , Gottrand Frederic , Wijnen Rene M. H. , Dall’Oglio Luigi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic dilatation is the first-line treatment of stricture formation after esophageal atresia (EA) repair. However, there is no consensus on how to perform these dilatation procedures which may lead to a large variation between centers, countries and doctor’s experience. This is the first cross-sectional study to provide an overview on differences in endoscopic dilatation treatment of pediatric anastomotic strictures worldwide.

Methods
An online questionnaire was sent to members of five pediatric medical networks, experienced in treating anastomotic strictures in children with EA. The main outcome was the difference in endoscopic dilatation procedures in various centers worldwide, including technical details, dilatation approach (routine or only in symptomatic patients), and adjuvant treatment options. Descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS.

Results
Responses from 115 centers from 32 countries worldwide were analyzed. The preferred approach was balloon dilatation (68%) with a guidewire (66%), performed by a pediatric gastroenterologist (n = 103) or pediatric surgeon (n = 48) in symptomatic patients (68%). In most centers, hydrostatic pressure was used for balloon dilatation. The insufflation duration was standardized in 59 centers with a median duration of 60 (range 5–300) seconds. The preferred first-line adjunctive treatments in case of recurrent strictures were intralesional steroids and topical mitomycin C, in respectively 47% and 31% of the centers.

Conclusions
We found a large variation in stricture management in children with EA, which confirms the current lack of consensus. International networks for rare diseases are required for harmonizing and comparing the procedures, for which we give several suggestions.
Representation of grossone-based arithmetic in simulink for scientific computing
Authors: Falcone Alberto , Garro Alfredo , Mukhametzhanov Marat S. , Sergeyev Yaroslav D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerical computing is a key part of the traditional computer architecture. Almost all traditional computers implement the IEEE 754-1985 binary floating point standard to represent and work with numbers. The architectural limitations of traditional computers make impossible to work with infinite and infinitesimal quantities numerically. This paper is dedicated to the Infinity Computer, a new kind of a supercomputer that allows one to perform numerical computations with finite, infinite, and infinitesimal numbers. The already available software simulator of the Infinity Computer is used in different research domains for solving important real-world problems, where precision represents a key aspect. However, the software simulator is not suitable for solving problems in control theory and dynamics, where visual programming tools like Simulink are used frequently. In this context, the paper presents an innovative solution that allows one to use the Infinity Computer arithmetic within the Simulink environment. It is shown that the proposed solution is user-friendly, general purpose, and domain independent.