bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐ray computed tomography–measured soil pore parameters as influenced by crop rotations and cover crops
Authors: Singh Jasdeep , Singh Navdeep , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effect of crop rotations and winter cover crops (CCs) on near‐surface pore characteristics of a silty clay loam soil in a 27‐yr no‐till field experiment. The crop rotation treatments included a 2‐yr corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] (CS) rotation and a 4‐yr corn–soybean–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CSOW) rotation. The subplot treatment was CC and no‐CC (fallow). Intact soil cores (7.62 by 7.62 cm) were extracted from each treatment in July 2018 from soybean plots and examined for X‐ray computed tomography (CT)‐measured pore parameters and other soil physical and hydrological properties. Data showed that, compared with fallow, the CC reduced bulk density (ρb) by 6% and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and water infiltration rate (qs) by 1.5 times. Soils under CSOW rotation had 16, 14, and 4% higher values of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and wet aggregate stability (WAS) compared with those under CS rotation, respectively. The CSOW rotation significantly (P < .05) increased number of CT‐measured pores, number of macropores (>1,000 μm diameter), coarse mesopores (226–1,000 μm diameter), macroporosity, and mesoporosity compared with the CS system. The CT‐measured total porosity, number of macropores, and macroporosity were 43, 34, and 60%, respectively, higher with CC as compared to the fallow plots. The CT‐measured pore parameters were well correlated with soil ρb, Ksat, qs, SOC, TN, and WAS. This study emphasizes that cropping systems that include diverse crop rotations (CSOW) and CC has potential to enhance SOC, pore characteristics, and associated physical and hydrological properties.
Affective recovery from stress and its associations with sleep
Authors: Leger Kate A. , Charles Susan T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGood sleep habits are important for emotional well‐being. Studies have linked sleep with people's ability to regulate their emotions in response to stressful events, yet little is known specifically about how sleep is related to a person's ability to recover affectively from a stressful experience. The current study examined self‐reported sleep habits and their associations with both positive and negative affective recovery from a laboratory‐induced stressor. Participants (N = 120) reported their sleep habits over the previous month and then engaged in a laboratory psychosocial stress task. Affect was measured before, during, and 6 minutes after the task. Different aspects of sleep were related to poorer positive and negative affective recovery. Worse sleep quality was associated with higher post‐recovery negative affect, whereas worse sleep efficiency was associated with lower post‐recovery positive affect. Findings suggest that poor sleep is associated with prolonged affective recovery from a stressful event. Implications for health and well‐being are discussed.
Norepinephrine is a negative regulator of the adult periventricular neural stem cell niche
Authors: Weselek Grit , Keiner Silke , Fauser Mareike , Wagenführ Lisa , Müller Julia , Kaltschmidt Barbara , Brandt Moritz D. , Gerlach Manfred , Redecker Christoph , Hermann Andreas , Storch Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The limited proliferative capacity of neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) within the periventricular germinal niches (PGNs) located caudal of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles together with their high proliferation capacity after isolation strongly implicates cell-extrinsic humoral factors restricting NPC proliferation in the hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. We comparatively examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) as an endogenous candidate regulator of PGN neurogenesis in the SVZ as well as the periventricular hypothalamus and the periaqueductal midbrain. Histological and neurochemical analyses revealed that the pattern of NE innervation of the adult PGNs is inversely associated with their in vivo NPC proliferation capacity with low NE levels coupled to high NPC proliferation in the SVZ but high NE levels coupled to low NPC proliferation in hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. Intraventricular infusion of NE decreased NPC proliferation and neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system, while pharmacological NE inhibition increased NPC proliferation and early neurogenesis events in the caudal PGNs. Neurotoxic ablation of NE neurons using the Dsp4-fluoxetine protocol confirmed its inhibitory effects on NPC proliferation. Contrarily, NE depletion largely impairs NPC proliferation within the hippocampus in the same animals. Our data indicate that norepinephrine has opposite effects on the two fundamental neurogenic niches of the adult brain with norepinephrine being a negative regulator of adult periventricular neurogenesis. This knowledge might ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to influence neurogenesis in hypothalamus-related metabolic diseases or to stimulate endogenous regenerative potential in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease.
Impact of low‐level wind maxima below hub height on wind turbine sound propagation
Authors: Conrady Kristina , Bolin Karl , Sjöblom Anna , Rutgersson Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn analysis of the effect of low‐level wind maxima (LLWM) below hub height on sound propagating from wind turbines has been performed at a site in northern Sweden. The stably stratified boundary layer, which is typical for cold climates, commonly features LLWM. The simplified concept for the effects of refraction, based on the logarithmic wind profile or other approaches where the wind speed is continuously increasing with height, is often not applicable there. Long‐term meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm were therefore used to identify LLWM. Sound measurements were conducted simultaneously to the meteorological measurements. LLWM below hub height decrease the sound level close to the surface downwind of the wind farm. This effect increases with increasing strength of the LLWM. The occurrence of LLWM as well as strength and height of the LLWM are dependent on the wind direction.
Almost all trees have quantum symmetry
Authors: Junk Luca , Schmidt Simon , Weber Moritz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrom the work of Erdős and Rényi from 1963, it is known that almost all graphs have no symmetry. In 2017, Lupini, Mančinska, and Roberson proved a quantum counterpart: Almost all graphs have no quantum symmetry. Here, the notion of quantum symmetry is phrased in terms of Banica’s definition of quantum automorphism groups of finite graphs from 2005, in the framework of Woronowicz’s compact quantum groups. Now, Erdős and Rényi also proved a complementary result in 1963: Almost all trees do have symmetry. The crucial point is the almost sure existence of a cherry in a tree. But even more is true: We almost surely have two cherries in a tree—and we derive that almost all trees have quantum symmetry. We give an explicit proof of this quantum counterpart of Erdős and Rényi’s result on trees.
Osteophytenbedingtes Impingement verringert die Beweglichkeit bei in „Humpback“-Deformität fehlverheilter Skaphoidrekonstruktion
Authors: Moog P. , Cerny M. K. , Schmauss D. , Betzl J. , Löw S. , Erne H. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Goldstandard in der Therapie der skaphoidalen Pseudarthrose ist die Reduktion und Versorgung mit Beckenkamminterponat und Herbert-Schraube, um die häufig beobachtete Humpback-Deformität zu reduzieren. Diese Studie korreliert das Ausmaß der Humpback-Deformität nach Skaphoidrekonstruktion mit postoperativen klinischen und radiologischen Parametern.

Material und Methoden
Zwischen 2008 und 2010 wurden 56 Patienten mit skaphoidaler Pseudarthrose operiert. Davon konnten 34 in diese retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen werden. Das durchschnittliche Nachuntersuchungsintervall betrug 7,3 Monate. Die Humpback-Deformität wurde entlang der Skaphoidlängsachse mittels Computertomographie (CT) beurteilt, während für das klinische Ergebnis der Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score sowie die Handkraft (Jamar), der Bewegungsumfang (RoM), Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) und andere Parameter verwendet wurden.
Die Patienten wurden in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt: 1. keine oder nur geringe Humpback-Deformität (<25°), 2. schwere Humpback-Deformität (>45°).

Ergebnisse
Der Bewegungsumfang und die DASH Scores waren für die erste Gruppe etwas besser, während die zweite eine signifikant erhöhte Inzidenz für Osteophytenbildung (p < 0,05) und verringerten Bewegungsumfang (−16°) aufwies.

Diskussion
Wir postulieren, dass der größte Nachteil einer nichtreduzierten Humpback-Deformität das häufigere Auftreten von Osteophyten im dorsalen Aspekt des Skaphoids ist. Dies kann in der Extension eine Einklemmung hervorrufen und somit signifikanten Einfluss auf den Bewegungsumfang des Handgelenks nehmen.

Grad der Evidenz
III
Adequate union rates for the treatment of acute proximal fifth metatarsal fractures
Authors: Rikken Q. G. H. , Dahmen J. , Hagemeijer N. C. , Sierevelt I. N. , Kerkhoffs G. M. M. J. , DiGiovanni C. W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the bone healing, clinical, and return to daily activity outcomes after either surgical or conservative management of acute zone 1, 2, and 3 fifth metatarsal fractures.

Methods
A literature search was performed to identify studies published from the earliest record to January 2019 using EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. All articles assessing clinical outcomes of acute proximal fifth metatarsal fractures were included. Bone healing and clinical outcomes were thereafter calculated using a simplified pooling method.

Results
Thirty-two articles comprising of a total of 1,239 fractures were included, of which one was a randomized controlled trial, seven were prospective studies, and 24 were retrospective studies. 627 zone 1 fractures demonstrated union rates of 93.2% following conservative treatment and 95.1% following surgical treatment. Conservatively managed zone 1 fractures were displaced 49.5% of the time, compared to a rate of 92.8% for the surgically treated cases. For Jones’ (zone 2) fractures, bone healing outcomes of conservative versus surgical treatment showed union rates of 77.4% versus 96.3%, refracture rates of 2.4% versus 2.1%, and mean time to union of 11.0 weeks versus 9.4 weeks, respectively. Only ten proximal diaphyseal (zone 3) fractures were reported, with a mean return to work of 8.2 weeks.

Conclusion
Acute zone 1 fractures are preferably treated conservatively as similar union rates were found after both conservative and surgical management. In contradistinction, acute zone 2 fractures demonstrate higher union rates and faster time to union when treated surgically. The outcomes of acute zone 3 fractures are rarely reported in the literature, so treatment recommendations remain unclear. Further research of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures is warranted to provide more definitive conclusions, but current findings can aid surgeons during the shared clinical decision making process.

Level of evidence
IV.
Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review
Authors: Yang Yankun , Zhang Chaoqun , Wang Dayong , Nie Liping , Wellmann Daniel , Tian Yingtao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWC-Co hardmetals are widely used in wear-resistant parts, cutting tools, molds, and mining parts, owing to the combination of high hardness and high toughness. WC-Co hardmetal parts are usually produced by casting and powder metallurgy, which cannot manufacture parts with complex geometries and often require post-processing such as machining. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are able to fabricate parts with high geometric complexity and reduce post-processing. Therefore, additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals has been widely studied in recent years. In this article, the current status of additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different AM processes used for producing WC-Co parts, including selective laser melting (SLM), selective electron beam melting (SEBM), binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), 3D gel-printing (3DGP), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) are discussed. The studies on microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties of WC-Co parts manufactured by different AM processes are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges in additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals are pointed out and suggestions on future research are discussed.
Childhood nocturnal enuresis—a marker for pelvic floor disorders and urinary tract symptoms in women?
Authors: Othman Jwan Al-Mukhtar , Åkervall Sigvard , Molin Mattias , Gyhagen Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
A systematic survey on the association between childhood nocturnal enuresis (CNE) and adult pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) has not been presented previously. The aim was to describe the prevalence of PFDs and lower urinary tract symptoms in nulliparous women, with or without a history of CNE, at the age of ≥ 5 years.

Methods
This national survey of urinary (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) and symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (sPOP) was a random sample of 20,000 nulliparous women aged 25–64 years conducted in 2014. Women ≥ 5 years of age having CNE were compared with those without the condition. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression adjusted for BMI and age were used to analyze differences between groups.

Results
The response rate was 52% and 10.2% of adult women reporting CNE. One or more PFDs occurred in 38.3% of women with CNE compared to 23.8% in those without CNE (p < 0.0001). Mixed UI had the strongest association with CNE, odds ratio (OR) 2.63 (95% CI 2.03–3.40). The rate of FI was 11.2% in the non-CNE group and 16.8% in those with CNE (p < 0.0001) and sPOP 2.6% in the non-CNE and 4.8% in the CNE group (p = 0.0004), respectively. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was consistently higher in women with a history of CNE: overactive bladder 32.6% versus 18.4% (OR 2.34 95% CI 2.03–3.40), daytime micturition ≥ 8/day 29.6% versus 24.0% (p < 0.0001), and nocturia ≥ 2/night 12.4% versus 7.8% (p < 0.0001) in the CNE group.

Conclusion
PFDs and lower urinary tract symptoms in nulliparous women were approximately doubled in women with a history of CNE and could therefore act as a strong confounding factor.
Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces tunisialbus DSM 105760T
Authors: Ayed Ameni , Wibberg Daniel , Zendah el Euch Imène , Frese Marcel , Limam Ferid , Sewald Norbert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStreptomyces strains are well known as promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites, important in ecology, biotechnology and medicine. In this study, we present the draft genome of the new type strain Streptomyces tunisialbus DSM 105760T (= JCM 32165T), a rhizospheric bacterium with antimicrobial activity. The genome is 6,880,753 bp in size (average GC content, 71.85%) and encodes 5802 protein-coding genes. Preliminary analysis with antiSMASH 5.1.2. reveals 34 predicted gene clusters for the synthesis of potential secondary metabolites, which was compared with those of Streptomyces varsoviensis NRRL ISP-5346.
Site use and connectivity of female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) around Wales
Authors: Langley Izzy , Rosas da Costa Oliver Tobias , Hiby Lex , Stringell Thomas B. , Morris Ceri W. , O’Cadhla Oliver , Morgan Lisa , Lock Kate , Perry Sarah , Westcott Stephen , Boyle Dave , Büche Birgitta I. , Stubbings Edward M. , Boys Rebecca M. , Self Holly , Lindenbaum Charlie , Strong Powell , Baines Mick , Pomeroy Patrick P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrey seals (Halichoerus grypus) are a qualifying feature of three special areas of conservation (SACs) in Wales, yet relatively little is known of their site use along this coastline. Since 1992, many individuals and organisations have contributed to a grey seal photographic identification database held by Natural Resources Wales, which is one of the largest and oldest of its kind, providing key information from grey seal haul-out sites around the Celtic and Irish Seas. Here, we investigated spatial connectivity of haul-out sites and fidelity of adult females to breeding sites. The minimum number of adult female grey seals using the area between 1992 and 2016 was 2688. Individual capture histories and relative spatial transition probabilities (Pij) between pairs of location groups were calculated. Adjacent locations were highly connected (e.g. Lleyn Peninsula and Bardsey, Pij = 0.7) but connections spanned the entire region, up to 230 km apart (e.g. Skomer and Dee Estuary, Pij = 0.004). Resights were recorded within SACs (e.g. Lleyn Peninsula and Bardsey [Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau SAC], Pij = 0.7), between SACs (e.g. Bardsey and Skomer [Pembrokeshire Marine], Pij = 0.03), between SACs and non-designated areas (e.g. Skerries and Bardsey, Pij = 0.09) and between sites outside any protected area (e.g. Dee Estuary and Anglesey, Pij = 0.5). While inter-annual fidelity to breeding sites was high (Pij = 0.82–1), individual female grey seals moved throughout the region. This evidence of extensive site use beyond protected areas is important for the management and conservation of grey seals around Wales.
Foraging ecology of masked boobies (Sula dactylatra) in the world’s largest “oceanic desert”
Authors: Lerma Miriam , Serratosa Juan , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Garthe Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe South Pacific Gyre has the most hyper-oligotrophic waters in the world and is considered the largest “oceanic desert.” Rapa Nui (Easter Island), located within the South Pacific Gyre, is a breeding ground for masked boobies (Sula dactylatra), which are seabirds with a foraging range that effectively confines them within the gyre. The foraging ecology of this species in the gyre was examined by attaching GPS and time-depth devices to chick-rearing adult birds (9 and 14 birds in 2016 and 2017, respectively) and by collecting regurgitates (18 and 15 samples in 2016 and 2017, respectively). In addition, the birds’ foraging ecology between years was compared. Masked boobies traveled in various directions, dived at unspecific locations, and explored areas < 110 km from the colony. Local environmental conditions were not significantly different between years, and differences in foraging parameters (maximum foraging range, trip duration, and dive depth) were greater among individuals than between years. The foraging characteristics of masked boobies suggest that resources were ephemerally distributed around the colony, with similar abundances across years. Under these conditions, traveling to unspecific locations may increase the area covered and the probability of prey encounter. The spatial and temporal consistencies in environmental conditions explain the uniformity of foraging parameters between years. The ability of masked boobies to exploit ephemerally distributed resources in seascapes like Rapa Nui may help explain its pantropical distribution.
Vascular Anatomy of Mesopancreas in Pancreatoduodenectomy Using an Intestinal Derotation Procedure
Authors: Sugiyama Masanori , Suzuki Yutaka , Nakazato Tetsuya , Yokoyama Masaaki , Kogure Masaharu , Matsuki Ryota , Abe Nobutsugu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMesopancreas excision in pancreatoduodenectomy is technically complicated because of the anatomical complexity of the mesopancreas with the inferior peripancreatic blood vessels which is caused by intestinal rotation in fetal life. We have developed a novel artery‐first approach (the intestinal derotation procedure) for facilitating mesopancreas excision. The aim of this study was to clarify the vascular anatomy of the mesopancreas after derotation.MethodsThe right‐sided colon and small intestine are mobilized from the retroperitoneum, and the intestinal loop is then derotated. In 136 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy employing the derotation procedure, we analyzed the vascular anatomy of the mesopancreas.ResultsAfter derotation, the anatomy was simplified. The mesopancreas extended from the right aspect of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), forming a horizontal plane. The first jejunal trunk (FJT) was situated in parallel with the second jejunal artery and was anterior (91%) or posterior (9%) to the SMA. The inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein (IPDV) entered the right side of the FJT (83%) or the superior mesenteric vein (17%). Besides the IPDV, 1–4 tributaries entered the right wall of the FJT, in 89% of cases. The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was observed to originate from the right wall of the SMA, sharing a common stem with the first jejunal artery (70%) or branching directly from the SMA (29%).ConclusionsIntestinal derotation simplifies the mesopancreas anatomy and reveals the anatomical details of the inferior peripancreatic blood vessels in pancreatoduodenectomy.
Phase Transitions and Macroscopic Limits in a BGK Model of Body-Attitude Coordination
Authors: Degond P. , Diez A. , Frouvelle A. , Merino-Aceituno S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article we investigate the phase transition phenomena that occur in a model of self-organisation through body-attitude coordination. Here, the body attitude of an agent is modelled by a rotation matrix in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

as in Degond et al. (Math Models Methods Appl Sci 27(6):1005–1049, 2017). The starting point of this study is a BGK equation modelling the evolution of the distribution function of the system at a kinetic level. The main novelty of this work is to show that in the spatially homogeneous case, self-organisation may appear or not depending on the local density of agents involved. We first exhibit a connection between body-orientation models and models of nematic alignment of polymers in higher-dimensional space from which we deduce the complete description of the possible equilibria. Then, thanks to a gradient-flow structure specific to this BGK model, we are able to prove the stability and the convergence towards the equilibria in the different regimes. We then derive the macroscopic models associated with the stable equilibria in the spirit of Degond et al. (Arch Ration Mech Anal 216(1):63–115, 2015, Math Models Methods Appl Sci 27(6):1005–1049, 2017).