bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectricity in perovskite-type pseudo-cubic ferroelectrics by partial ordering of off-centered cations
Authors: Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Kim Sangwook , Fujii Ichiro , Ueno Shintaro , Nakahira Yuki , Moriyoshi Chikako , Sato Yukio , Wada Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large piezoelectric response in ferroelectric ceramics is typically associated with extrinsic contributions from ferroelectric domain structures. However, such domain structures cannot be expected in systems with pseudo-cubic symmetry. In this study, we determine the mechanism of significant piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in 0.3BaTiO3–0.1Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.6BiFeO3 ceramic with a perovskite-type pseudo-cubic symmetry. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction reveals that the Bi ions in this ceramic essentially prefer to be off-centered at six sites by approximately 0.4 Å, in the cubic <100> directions. A phase transition occurs at TC ~725 K. However, the crystal seems to present a cubic symmetry even at room temperature. The large piezoelectric response is caused by the combinational partial ordering of the off-centered Bi ions, adapted to any direction of the applied electric field to the ceramic grains. The proposed mechanism for the emergence of a high polarization in the above system will enable designing novel Pb-free ceramics by controlling the fluctuated and off-centered ions under an applied electric field.
Nonword Repetition Skills in Gulf Arabic–Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Shaalan Saleh 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study examined the performance of Gulf Arabic–speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) on a Gulf Arabic nonword repetition (GA-NWR) test and compared it to their age- and language-matched groups. We also investigated the role of syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity in light of NWR theories.MethodA new GA-NWR test was conducted with three groups of Gulf Arabic–speaking children: school-age children with DLD, language-matched controls (LCs), and age-matched controls (ACs). The test consisted of two- and three-syllable words that either had no clusters, medial clusters, final clusters, or medial + final clusters.ResultsThe GA-NWR distinguished between the performance of children with DLD and the LC and AC groups. Results showed significant syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity effects. Differences between the DLD and typically developing groups were seen in two- and three-syllable nonwords; however, when compared on nonwords with no clusters, children with DLD were not significantly different from the LC group.ConclusionsThe GA-NWR test differentiated between children with DLD and their ACs and LCs. Findings, therefore, support its clinical utility in this variety of Arabic. Results showed that phonological processing factors, such as phonological complexity, may have stronger effects when compared to syllable length effects.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12996812
Novel breast cancer classification framework based on deep learning
Authors: Salama Wessam M. , Elbagoury Azza M. , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is a major cause of transience amongst women. In this paper, two novel techniques, ResNet50 and VGG‐16, are utilised and re‐trained to recognise two classes rather than 1000 classes with high accuracy and low computational requirements. In addition, transfer learning and data augmentation are performed to solve the problem of lack of tagged data. To get a better accuracy, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is utilised instead of the last fully connected layer. Our models performance are verified utilising k‐fold cross‐validation. Our proposed techniques are trained and evaluated on three mammographic datasets: mammographic image analysis society, digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) and the curated breast imaging subset of DDSM. This paper explains end‐to‐end fully convolutional neural networks without any prepossessing or post‐processing. The proposed technique of employing ResNet50 hybridised with SVM achieves the best performance, specifically with the DDSM dataset, producing 97.98% accuracy, 98.46% area under the curve, 97.63% sensitivity, 96.51% precision, 95.97% F1 score and computational time 1.8934 s.
Atomic and molecular gas properties during cloud formation
Authors: Syed J. , Wang Y. , Beuther H. , Soler J. D. , Rugel M. R. , Ott J. , Brunthaler A. , Kerp J. , Heyer M. , Klessen R. S. , Henning Th. , Glover S. C. O. , Goldsmith P. F. , Linz H. , Urquhart J. S. , Ragan S. E. , Johnston K. G. , Bigiel F. 
Published: October 2020

Context.Molecular clouds, which harbor the birthplaces of stars, form out of the atomic phase of the interstellar medium (ISM). To understand this transition process, it is crucial to investigate the spatial and kinematic relationships between atomic and molecular gas.Aims.We aim to characterize the atomic and molecular phases of the ISM and set their physical properties into the context of cloud formation processes.Methods.We studied the cold neutral medium (CNM) by means of H Iself-absorption (HISA) toward the giant molecular filament GMF20.0-17.9 (distance = 3.5 kpc, length ~170 pc) and compared our results with molecular gas traced by13CO emission. We fitted baselines of HISA features to H Iemission spectra using first and second order polynomial functions.Results.The CNM identified by this method spatially correlates with the morphology of the molecular gas toward the western region. However, no spatial correlation between HISA and13CO is evident toward the eastern part of the filament. The distribution of HISA peak velocities and line widths agrees well with13CO within the whole filament. The column densities of the CNM probed by HISA are on the order of 1020cm−2while those of molecular hydrogen traced by13CO are an order of magnitude higher. The column density probability density functions (N-PDFs) of HISA (CNM) and H Iemission (tracing both the CNM and the warm neutral medium, WNM) have a log-normal shape for all parts of the filament, indicative of turbulent motions as the main driver for these structures. The H2N-PDFs show a broad log-normal distribution with a power-law tail suggesting the onset of gravitational contraction. The saturation of H Icolumn density is observed at ~25M⊙pc−2.Conclusions.We conjecture that different evolutionary stages are evident within the filament. In the eastern region, we witness the onset of molecular cloud formation out of the atomic gas reservoir while the western part is more evolved, as it reveals pronounced H2column density peaks and signs of active star formation.
New mercury-manganese stars and candidates from LAMOST DR4
Authors: Paunzen E. , Hümmerich S. , Bernhard K. 
Published: October 2020

Aims.The present work presents our efforts at identifying new mercury-manganese (HgMn/CP3) stars using spectra obtained with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST).Methods.Suitable candidates were searched for among pre-selected early-type spectra from LAMOST DR4 using a modified version of the MKCLASS code that probes several Hg IIand Mn IIfeatures. The spectra of the resulting 332 candidates were visually inspected. Using parallax data and photometry fromGaiaDR2, we investigated magnitudes, distances from the Sun, and the evolutionary status of our sample stars. We also searched for variable stars using diverse photometric survey sources.Results.We present 99 bona fide CP3 stars, 19 good CP3 star candidates, and seven candidates. Our sample consists of mostly new discoveries and contains, on average, the faintest CP3 stars known (peak distribution 9.5 ≤G≤ 13.5 mag). All stars are contained within the narrow spectral temperature-type range from B6 to B9.5, in excellent agreement with the expectations and the derived mass estimates (2.4 ≤M⊙≤ 4 for most objects). Our sample stars are between 100 Myr and 500 Myr old and cover the whole age range from zero-age to terminal-age main sequence. They are almost homogeneously distributed at fractional ages on the main sequence ≤80%, with an apparent accumulation of objects between fractional ages of 50% to 80%. We find a significant impact of binarity on the mass and age estimates. Eight photometric variables were discovered, most of which show monoperiodic variability in agreement with rotational modulation.Conclusions.Together with the recently published catalogue of APOGEE CP3 stars, our work significantly increases the sample size of known Galactic CP3 stars, paving the way for future in-depth statistical studies.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Gastroenterologie
Authors: Kather Jakob Nikolas , Krause Jeremias , Luedde Tom 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Maschinelles Lernen und künstliche Intelligenz Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) verändert derzeit alle Bereiche unseres Lebens- und Arbeitsalltags. Die Welt der Medizin ist hiervon nicht ausgenommen. Eine Kernmethode der künstlichen Intelligenz – künstliche neuronale Netzwerke – ist besonders effektiv im Analysieren von Bilddaten. Dies beeinflusst auch die Gastroenterologie wesentlich.
Klinische Anwendungen Insbesondere endoskopische, radiologische und histologische Bilder können mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke automatisch analysiert werden. Einerseits können dadurch repetitive Tätigkeiten automatisiert werden, beispielsweise die Suche nach Polypen in der Screening-Koloskopie. Andererseits ermöglicht dies jedoch auch die Erkennung von subtilen Mustern in Bilddaten, welche als neuartige Biomarker für klinische Verläufe genutzt werden könnten.
Ausblick Das Angebot kommerzieller KI-Systeme wird in Zukunft deutlich zunehmen. Wichtig ist die Ausbildung interdisziplinärer Forscherinnen und Forscher, das Vorhandensein standardisierter Datenbanken und das frühzeitige Heranführen der Ärztinnen und Ärzte an die komplexen KI-Anwendungen.
Rheuma und Impfen
Authors: Kneitz Christian 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Empfehlungen zur Impfung von Patienten mit rheumatologischen Erkrankungen Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind durch Infektionen besonders gefährdet. Impfungen sind geeignet, dieses Risiko zu vermindern. Aktuelle Empfehlungen nationaler (STIKO und Wagner et al.) sowie internationaler Gremien (EULAR) stellen eine Basis für die sichere und effektive Anwendung von Impfungen dar.Wichtige neue Entwicklungen, wie die sequenzielle Impfung gegen Pneumokokken oder die Zulassung eines Impfstoffs gegen Herpes Zoster, verbessern die Möglichkeiten eines effektiven Infektionsschutzes. Besonders zu beachten sind die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Lebendimpfstoffen wie der MMR-Impfung bei Patienten unter immunsuppressiver Therapie.
Low-Dose Aspirin is Safe and Effective for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Patients Undergoing Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Alex , Zak Stephen G. , Waren Daniel , Iorio Richard , Slover James D. , Bosco Joseph A. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) events are rare, but serious complications of total joint replacement affect patients and health care systems due to the morbidity, mortality, and associated cost of its complications. There is currently no established universal standard of care for prophylaxis against VTE in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The aim of this study was to determine whether a protocol of 81-mg aspirin (ASA) bis in die (BID) is safe and/or sufficient in preventing VTE in patients undergoing rTKAs versus 325-mg ASA BID. In 2017, our institution adopted a new protocol for VTE prophylaxis for arthroplasty patients. Patients initially received 325-mg ASA BID for 1 month and then changed to a lower dose of 81-mg BID. A retrospective review from 2011 to 2019 was conducted identifying 1,438 consecutive rTKA patients and 90-day postoperative outcomes including VTE, gastrointestinal, and wound bleeding complications, acute periprosthetic joint infection, and mortality. In the 74 months prior to protocol implementation, 1,003 rTKAs were performed and nine VTE cases were diagnosed (0.90%). After 26 months of the protocol change, 435 rTKAs were performed with one VTE case identified (0.23%). There was no significant difference in rates or odds in postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE; p = 0.27), DVT (p = 0.35), and total VTE rates (p = 0.16) among patients using either protocol. There were also no differences in bleeding complications (p = 0.15) or infection rate (p = 0.36). No mortalities were observed. In the conclusion, 81-mg ASA BID is noninferior to 325-mg ASA BID in maintaining low rates of VTE and may be safe for use in patients undergoing rTKA.
Cartilage and Meniscus Injuries Are More Common in Patients Undergoing Delayed Multiligament Reconstruction
Authors: Shamrock Alan G. , Hall James R. , Hajewski Christina J. , An Qiang , Duchman Kyle R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of meniscus and cartilage pathology in multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) and determine the relationship between surgical timing and injury mechanism with degree of intra-articular injury. Patients with surgically treated MLKIs over a 15-year period were retrospectively reviewed and grouped based on surgical intervention, time to intervention, and injury mechanism. The presence or absence of meniscus and chondral injury were recorded at the time of surgery. Surgical intervention within 6 weeks of injury was deemed acute, while surgery occurring more than 6 weeks from injury was classified as delayed. Over the 15-year study period, 207 patients with MLKIs were identified. Compared with acutely managed patients, the delayed intervention group had significantly more meniscus (p = 0.03) and cartilage (p < 0.01) pathology. Meniscus injury rates in MLKIs sustained during sporting activity did not differ from nonsporting injuries (p = 0.63). However, the nonsporting group had significantly more chondral injuries (p < 0.01). High-energy injury mechanism was associated with increased cartilage (p = 0.02), but not meniscus (p = 0.61) injury rates. In conclusion, surgical reconstruction of MLKIs delayed for more than 6 weeks was associated with increased meniscus and cartilage pathology.
The importance of diversity on boards of directors’ effectiveness and its impact on innovativeness in the bioeconomy
Authors: Hakovirta Marko , Denuwara Navodya , Bharathi Sivashankari , Topping Peter , Eloranta Jorma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA company’s board of directors plays a critical role in making decisions relating to strategy, high-level structure, and the appointment of the CEO. The role of the board and its impact on corporate performance has been well studied; however, the diversity of the board of directors and the corresponding correlation to the level of corporate innovativeness has not been previously investigated. Here, we provide a critical analysis of board members’ diversity as it relates to innovative corporations in what is considered a mature industry in transition to a bioeconomy: the pulp and paper industry. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of board member diversity in shaping company culture and how that drives, shapes, and sustains innovation.
Significance of Coriolis force on the dynamics of water conveying copper and copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Rehman Aziz Ur , Abbas Nadeem , Nadeem S , Saleem Anber 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe worth of the study is to explore how in the presence of Coriolis force, heat and mass transfer rates are optimized through water carrying nanoparticles of more than one type and how this force affects various factors of the flow to make them easy come easy go. The aim of the current study is to analyze the vital characteristic of flow in particular velocity, temperature, concentration, heat flux at the surface, and tangential stress for both nanofluid CuO-water and hybrid nanofluid Cu/Cuo-water over a stretching surface in presence of Coriolis force. Partial differential equations for flow, energy, and concentration are constructed and transformed into ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations. A highly reliable numerical scheme namely midpoint integration accompanied by Richardson’s extrapolation is launched to solve these equations. A computer softwareMAPLEis taken in to account to tackle the problem. Results are expressed through graphs and tables. The major conclusions are that the Coriolis force declines the velocity boundary and heat transmission rate but increases the thermal boundary of nanofluid. The heat sink/source factor uplifts the thermal boundary while Schmidt number enhances the mass concentration.
Saving resources and the climate? A systematic review of the circular economy and its mitigation potential
Authors: Cantzler Jasmin , Creutzig Felix , Ayargarnchanakul Eva , Javaid Aneeque , Wong Liwah , Haas Willi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To achieve the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, transformative actions are needed. The circular economy (CE) is one concept that gained popularity in recent years, with its proclaimed selling point to combine economic development with benefits to businesses, society, and the environment. However, definitions of CE diverge, applications appear across vastly different settings, and overall there is a lack of understanding of how much CE strategies can contribute to climate change mitigation (mitigation). We systematically screened 3244 records in Web of Science and Scopus, restricted to papers in English. We then selected studies against pre-determined eligibility criteria that, had to (1) refer explicitly to CE or closely related concepts (e.g. performance economy, cradle-to-cradle, material or product efficiency); and (2) refer to a climate change mitigation potential. We identified 341 studies, summarized, and grouped into six sectors (industry, waste, energy, buildings, transport, and agriculture). These sectors are not completely mutually exclusive, but partially overlapping. Nonetheless, sectoral classifications relate to existing categorizations and map well with international assessments of climate change mitigations, such as those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Our review sets out to summarize the results of the scientific literature on the extent to which CE strategies can contribute to mitigation. Even though our query explicitly required a consideration of climate change, only 10% of all studies contributed insights on how the CE can support mitigation. We find that the highest saving potential is evidenced in the industry, energy, and transport sector; mid-range savings in the waste and building sector; and lowest gains are to be expected in agriculture. The majority of studies investigate incremental measures claiming but not demonstrating climate change mitigation. Most studies indicate potential but implementation remains weak. Assessments should move from attributional to consequential analysis to avoid misleading policy makers.
Anti-radar application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide synthesized using a hydrothermal method
Authors: Subagio Agus , Kholil Muhamad Abdul , Ristiawan Wahyu , Priyono Priyono 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Anti-radar technology is essential to reinforce countries defense capacity. Previous studies have shown how the combination of a resistive material with a magnetic one is a good option for the development of radar absorbing materials. Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/ZnO material with MWCNT percentage variations of 1, 3, 5, and 7% has been proposed as a promising material in anti-radar technology. ZnO that is used in the synthesis of MWCNT/ZnO material resulting from a hydrothermal method was prepared using ZnSO4 and Na2CO3 as precursors. X-ray diffractograms show hexagonal phases for both MWCNT and ZnO, in the latter case hexagonal wurtzite. SEM analysis shows micrometer sheets for ZnO. The VNA test in the X-band frequency range (8 − 12.5 GHz) provides the reflection loss values. Based on the reflection loss value, MWCNT/ZnO material has an optimum absorption value of electromagnetic waves with a percentage of 3% MWCNT at a frequency of 11.2 GHz with an RL value of −31.4535 dB and a percentage of 7% MWCNT at a frequency of 11.2 GHz with an RL value of −25.3897 dB.
Acceleration of crystallisation rate in injection moulded PLLA by stereocomplex formation
Authors: Kassos Nikolaos , Kelly Adrian L , Gough Tim , Gill Andrew A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An experimental study has been performed to examine the crystallisation rate of poly(L)lactic acid (PLLA) blended with poly(D) lactic acid (PDLA) in order to reduce injection moulding cycle time. Optically pure PLLA was melt blended with up to 15wt% of its enantiomer PDLA in a twin screw extruder. Flow properties, melt strength and thermal properties of the blends were assessed. PLLA/PDLA blends were then injection moulded and allowed to crystallise using two different methods, either non-isothermally in a high temperature injection mould tool or isothermally by annealing moulded samples in a hot oven after conventional injection moulding. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the moulded samples were investigated and optical measurement of crystal formation using polarised light microscopy was performed at conditions representative of both crystallisation methods. Addition of PDLA was found to accelerate crystallisation rate by up to 80% and the resulting morphology demonstrated increased heat resistance, melt strength and stiffness, with a corresponding reduction in strain at break.
Domain-specific compilers for dynamic simulations of quantum materials on quantum computers
Authors: Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Gulania Sahil , Powers Connor , Li Rongpeng , Linker Thomas , Liu Kuang , Satish Kumar T K , Kalia Rajiv K , Nakano Aiichiro , Vashishta Priya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Simulation of the dynamics of quantum materials is emerging as a promising scientific application for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Due to their high gate-error rates and short decoherence times, however, NISQ computers can only produce high-fidelity results for those quantum circuits smaller than some given circuit size. Dynamic simulations, therefore, pose a challenge as current algorithms produce circuits that grow in size with each subsequent time-step of the simulation. This underscores the crucial role of quantum circuit compilers to produce executable quantum circuits of minimal size, thereby maximizing the range of physical phenomena that can be studied within the NISQ fidelity budget. Here, we present two domain-specific (DS) quantum circuit compilers for the Rigetti and IBM quantum computers, specifically designed to compile circuits simulating dynamics under a special class of time-dependent Hamiltonians. The compilers outperform state-of-the-art general-purpose compilers in terms of circuit size reduction by around 25%–30% as well as wall-clock compilation time by around 40% (dependent on system size and simulation time-step). Drawing on heuristic techniques commonly used in artificial intelligence, both compilers scale well with simulation time-step and system size. Code for both compilers is open-source and packaged into a full-stack quantum simulation software with tutorials included for ease of use for future researchers wishing to perform dynamic simulations of quantum materials on quantum computers. As our DS compilers provide significant improvements in both compilation time and simulation fidelity, they provide a building block for accelerating progress toward physical quantum supremacy.