bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of new persistent opioid use in pediatric and young adult patients with kidney stones
Authors: Hosier Gregory , McGregor Thomas , Beiko Darren , Tasian Gregory E. , Booth Christopher , Whitehead Marlo , Siemens D. Robert 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults are a vulnerable patient population for development of substance use disorder. However, the long-term impact of opioid prescribing in young adult patients with renal colic is not known. Our objective was to describe rates of opioid prescription and identify risk factors for persistent opioid use in patients age 25 years or younger with renal colic from kidney stones.
Methods: Using previously validated linked administrative databases, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of opioid-naïve patients age 25 years or younger with renal colic between July 1, 2013 and September 30, 2017 in Ontario. All family practitioner, urgent care, and specialist visits in the province were captured. Our primary outcome was persistent opioid use defined as filling a prescription for an opioid between 91 and 180 days after initial visit. Ontario utilizes a narcotic monitoring system, which captures all opioids dispensed in the province.
Results: Of the 6962 patients identified, 56% were prescribed an opioid at presentation and 34% of those were dispensed more than 200 oral morphine equivalents. There was persistent opioid use in 313 (8.1%) patients who filled an initial opioid prescription. In adjusted analysis, those prescribed an opioid initially had a significantly higher risk of persistent opioid use (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–2.29) and opioid overdose (OR 3.45, 1.08- 11.04). There was a dose-dependent increase in risk of persistent opioid use with escalating initial opioid dose. History of mental illness (OR 1.32, 1.02- 1.71), and need for surgery (OR 1.71, 1.24- 2.34) were also associated with persistent opioid use.
Conclusions: Among patients with kidney stones age 25 years or younger, filling an opioid prescription after presentation is associated with an increased risk of persistent opioid use 3-6 months later and a higher risk of serious long-term complications such as opioid overdose.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nine Brands of Toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans Isolated from the Mouth of Students in Veritas University, Abuja
Authors: Ozoude T. O. , Okolie T. C. , Effiom O. E. 
Published: June 2020

Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease of the teeth that end up in the destruction of dental hard tissues. The use of toothpaste has been used to reduce the bacterial load in the mouth because they contain antimicrobial properties such as triclosan, fluoride, and so on. The study aimed to determine the effect of nine brands of toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans isolated from the mouth of students in veritas university. Following the isolation of Streptococcus mutans from samples collected from the mouths of Veritas students’, the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of the dentifrices was determined by modified agar well diffusion method. In this method, Muller Hinton agar plates were seeded with a loop full of 24-hour cultures of the bacterial isolate. A sterile 8 mm cork-borer was used to cut one central and five wells at equidistance in each of the plates. 0.3 ml of the dentifrice dilutions was introduced into each of the five wells while the same amount of sterile distilled water was introduced into the first well as control. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm). The diameter in which the bacteria were inhibited was indicative of the toothpaste’s antibacterial potential. The zones of inhibition on the growth of the test strain were defined by the location where visible growth had been inhibited. All the plates were made in triplicates and the experiments repeated twice. The result showed that Mentadent-P was the most effective dentifrice with an inhibition zone of 2.8 mm, Pepsodent had inhibition zone of 2.6 mm, Oral B with 2.3 mm, Close up with 2.2 mm, followed by Colgate with a diameter of 1.9 mm, Special Lucky with a diameter of 1.6 mm, Darbur Promise with a diameter of 1.6 mm, Maclean’s with a zone of inhibition of 1.5 mm, and MY- MY with the least effective toothpaste with a zone of inhibition of 1.0 mm in diameter. The results also showed that toothpaste containing fluoride as their main antimicrobial agent proved more effective against streptococcusmutans than other toothpaste not containing fluoride as their main antimicrobial agent.
Haloglycomyces
Authors: Dong Lei , Salam Nimaichand , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Ha.lo.gly.co.my'ces. Gr. masc. n.
hals
salt; N.L. masc. n.
Glycomyces
a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n.
Haloglycomyces
a salt‐(loving)
Glycomyces
‐like bacterium.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Glycomycetales / Glycomycetaceae / Haloglycomyces

The genus
Haloglycomyces
is classified within the family
Glycomycetaceae
, order
Glycomycetales,
and within the class
Actinobacteria
. Phylogenetically, the only representative strain in this genus shares 16S rRNA sequence similarities of less than 95% with other members of the family
Glycomycetaceae
and forms a distinct clade in the maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic tree. Cells are
short
or
elongated rods
that stain
Gram‐positive
. Strain YIM 92370
T
can grow well over a relative wide range of physiological conditions: 15–40°C, pH 5.0–9.0, and
3–18% (w/v) NaCl
. They are
aerobic
,
chemoorganotrophic
, and can grow in defined media on a range of substrates. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, and one unidentified phospholipid. Currently, the genus consists of one species:
Haloglycomyces albus
(the type species of the genus), isolated from a hypersaline soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.4 (WGS).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.8 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Haloglycomyces albus
Guan et al. 2009
VP
.
Caenimicrobium
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone , Nunes Olga C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Caenimicrobium
[Cae.ni.mi.cro'bi.um, L. neut. n.
caenum
mud, referring to the isolation of the type strain from activated sludge; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
microbe (from Gr. adj.
mikros
small and Gr. n.
bios
life); N.L. neut. n.
Caenimicrobium
mud (‐inhabiting) microbe].

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Alcaligenaceae / Caenimicrobium

Gram‐negative‐
staining
nonmotile
short rods, forming beige colonies on nutrient medium.
Mesophilic
,
aerobic
, and catalase‐ and cytochrome
c
oxidase‐positive.
Major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid, and major cellular fatty acids are C

16:1

ω7
c
, C

16:0

, cyclo C

17:0

,
and C

18:1

ω7
c
. Ubiquinone 8

is the major respiratory quinone. The type and unique species is
Caenimicrobium hargitense
, represented by the type strain CGII‐59m2
T
isolated from activated sludge.
Caenimicrobium hargitense
strain CGII‐59m2
T
shares 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity >97% with members of the genera
Bordetella
,
Candidimonas
,
Paracandidimonas
, and
Parapusillimonas
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.3 (HPLC method).

Type species:
Caenimicrobium hargitense
, Felföldi et al. 2017
VP
.
Avibacterium
Authors: Blackall Patrick J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

A.vi.bac.te'ri,um. L. fem. n.
avis
a bird; N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
rod; N.L. neut. n.
Avibacterium
bacterium of birds.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Avibacterium

Avibacterium
is a genus within the family
Pasteurellaceae
. Members of this genus are Gram‐negative, nonmotile, rod‐shaped, or pleomorphic cells typically occurring singly. Species in this genus vary in the requirement for external sources of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (often termed V factor) when grown in agar or broth. Two species,
Avibacterium gallinarum
and
Avibacterium endocarditidis
, do not require NAD, while the other species (
Avibacterium avium, Avibacterium paragallinarum,
and
Avibacterium volantium
) typically require NAD. Notably, some isolates of
A. paragallinarum
do not require NAD. The requirement for NAD results in the occurrence of satellitic growth on sheep blood agar when a nurse colony is present. Growth is mesophilic, and most isolates, particularly on initial isolation, require an atmosphere of 5% CO
2
. Nitrate is reduced without gas production. The reaction in Hugh–Leifson medium with (+)‐
d
‐glucose is fermentative without gas production. All members of the genus are catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive except that
A. paragallinarum
is catalase‐negative. Disease conditions associated with this genus are all linked to chickens and include infectious coryza (
A. paragallinarum)
, valvular endocarditis and septicemia (
A. endocarditidis
), and a chronic fowl cholera‐like condition (
A. gallinarum)
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.2–47 (
T
m
).

Type species:
Avibacterium gallinarum
Blackall et al. 2005
VP
.
Necropsobacter
Authors: Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Kuhnert Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNe.crop.so.bac'ter. Gr. masc. n.nekros, dead body, corpse; Gr. fem. n.opsis, appearance, view; N.L. masc. n.bacter, a rod, N.L. masc. n.Necropsobacter, a rod isolated from an autopsy.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / NecropsobacterThe genusNecropsobacterincludes taxa previously reported as the SP group and Stewart–Letcher (SL) group based on phenotypic characteristics. The genus includes typical members of the familyPasteurellaceaewith respect to cultural characteristics and colony morphology. Neither hemin (X‐factor) nor NAD (V‐factor) is required for growth. Hemolysis is not observed on bovine blood agar. Acid is produced from (+)‐l‐arabinose, (+)‐d‐galactose, (+)‐d‐mannose, and maltose. Gas is produced from glucose. Negative reactions are observed for urease, ornithine decarboxylase, and indole. The genus includes isolates from guinea pigs and other rodents, rabbits, a dog, and humans. The taxon formed a monophyletic group based on 16S rRNA and partialrpoBsequence analysis compared to other genera of the family. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed at least 98.5% similarity between isolates of the SP group, and strain P625 (SL group) only showed a 16S rRNA similarity of 95.5% to the SP group. The genus consists of only one speciesNecropsobacter rosorum. Strain P625 of the SL group remained unclassified at species level. Ubiquinones and demethylmenaquinone are produced by the type strain ofN. rosorum.DNA G + C content (whole‐genomic sequencing) (mol%): 48.9.Type species:Necropsobacter rosorumChristensen et al. 2011VP.
Halalkaliarchaeum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander , Yakimov Mikhail M. , Oren Aharon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Hal.al.ka.li.ar.chae'um. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; N.L. n.
alkali
(from Arabic article
al
and the and Arabic n.
qaliy
ashes of saltwort); N.L. neut. n.
archaeum
(from Gr. masc. adj.
archaios
ancient) archaeon; N.L. neut. n.
Halalkaliarchaeum
a haloalkaliphilic archaeon.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Halalkaliarchaeum

The genus
Halalkaliarchaeum
, classified within the family
Halorubraceae
, order
Haloferacales
, and within the class
Halobacteria
, consists of pleomorphic flattened rod‐shaped nonmotile cells with a thin monolayer cell wall. Colonies on agar plates incubated aerobically are red‐orange. The single described species of the genus is extremely halophilic, requiring 2.5–5 M Na
+
and growing optimally at 4 M Na
+
, and alkaliphilic, growing at pH 7.8–9.5 with an optimum at pH 8.8–9.0. The optimum temperature is 43°C. It is facultative anaerobe, growing aerobically as a chemoorganoheterotroph on pyruvate and peptone–yeast extract or anaerobically as a chemolithoheterotroph, using H
2
or formate as electron donors, elemental sulfur as electron acceptor, and yeast extract as carbon source. Sugars are not used as carbon and energy source. The respiratory quinone is MK‐8(H
2
). The major polar lipids are C
20
–C
20
and C
25
–C
20
diether dialkylglycerol ethers, with phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as the dominant polar lipids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.1 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Halalkaliarchaeum desulfuricum
Sorokin et al. 2019
VP
.
Eukaryotic Molybdenum Insertases
Authors: Kruse Tobias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The pyranopterin molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the essential active site component of all Moco dependent enzymes (Mo‐enzymes) except for bacterial nitrogenase. Mo‐enzymes are vitally important for life as they catalyze various crucial two electron transfer reactions. Moco is synthesized by an evolutionary highly conserved multi‐step biosynthesis pathway. Here, initially GTP is converted to the first pathway intermediate, i.e. cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). In the second pathway step, cPMP is converted to molybdopterin (MPT) which is the substrate of the MPT adenylyltransferase. The resulting Moco biosynthesis intermediate is adenylated MPT (MPT‐AMP), which is the hitherto last known Moco precursor. Adenylation of MPT is catalyzed by the G‐domain of Mo‐insertases. The E‐domain of Mo‐insertases catalyze the molybdate insertion reaction yielding Moco. This ultimate reaction step is the last principle reaction step within the Moco biosynthesis pathway to be elucidated.
Full‐Length Human Collagen Lysyl Hydroxylases
Authors: Scietti Luigi , Forneris Federico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProcollagen lysyl hydroxylases and glycosyltransferases (LH, also known as procollagen lysyl‐2‐oxoglutarate dioxygenases (PLOD)) are essential biosynthesis enzymes present in all collagen‐containing organisms, from sponges to humans. Higher vertebrates present three separatePLODgenes encoding for distinct enzyme isoforms (LH1, LH2a/b, and LH3), sharing ∼70% amino acid sequence identity. The LH1 and LH2 isoforms exclusively display Fe2+, 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent lysyl 5‐hydroxylase activity, whereas LH3 is a multifunctional enzyme, able to further catalyze the Mn2+‐dependent β‐(1,O)‐galactosylation and the subsequent α‐(1,2)‐glucosylation of 5‐hydroxylysines. Despite exclusive selectivity for lysine residues within collagenous polypeptides, little is known about the specificity of LH enzymes for different amino acid sequences in different collagen types: LH1 and LH3 isoforms act on collagen triple‐helical regions, whereas the LH2 isoform specifically hydroxylates collagen telopeptides, yet no consensus sequences, nor minimum sequence lengths, have been proposed as requirements for catalysis. Available crystal structures of full‐length human LH3 show an elongated homodimeric quaternary structure, with three aligned domains constituting each enzyme's polypeptide: the N‐terminal glycosyltransferase (GT) domain, a central noncatalytic accessory (AC) domain, and a C‐terminal lysyl hydroxylase (LH) domain. Dimerization occurs in the C‐terminal domain, in proximity to the LH catalytic site. Dimerization is indeed essential for LH activity, but is dispensable for the glycosyltransferase activities of LH3.
Particulate Methane Monooxygenase and thePmoDProtein
Authors: Koo Christopher W , Rosenzweig Amy C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParticulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is the main enzyme used by methanotrophic bacteria to metabolize methane as their sole source of carbon and energy. pMMO is a 300‐kDa copper‐dependent, membrane‐bound metalloenzyme housed in specialized intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) structures formed under copper‐replete growth conditions. Five crystal structures of pMMO from different methanotrophic species have revealed that pMMO comprises three subunits, PmoA, PmoB, and PmoC, arranged in a (αβγ)3cylindrical‐shaped trimer. Since the last article, it has been established that pMMO contains two monocopper sites, one each in the PmoB and PmoC subunits. Both sites are likely involved in methane oxidation, but their specific roles are yet to be fully determined. The PmoD protein is unique to methanotrophs and is often encoded within the pMMO operon. PmoD consists of a single transmembrane helix and a cupredoxin‐like periplasmic domain that has been crystallographically characterized. Although its function remains unknown, disruption of the gene encoding PmoD results in a growth defect under high copper conditions, suggesting a potential role in methane oxidation. Biochemical analysis indicates that the periplasmic domain of PmoD binds copper, forming an unusual CuAsitein vitro.
Siderophore‐Interacting Protein
Authors: Trindade Inês B , Moe Elin , Louro Ricardo O 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIron is an essential element for most organisms. Microorganisms have evolved small molecules with high affinity for Fe(III) named siderophores to obtain iron. SIPs (siderophore‐interacting proteins) are flavin‐based enzymes that catalyze the one‐electron reduction of Fe(III)‐siderophores. The reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) decreases the stability of the complex promoting ligand exchange and allowing time and site‐specific delivery of iron, making it available to the cells. SIPs described in this article contain stably attached flavins and use NADH and/or NADPH as reducing agents and these enzymes are widely conserved among bacteria. A superposition of the known structures show similar overall architecture, consisting of two domains (N‐terminal or NAD(P)H‐binding and C‐terminal or FAD‐binding) with the FAD buried in the interface in‐between.In addition to NADH and NADPH, SfSIP can be directly reduced by ferredoxin to the hydroquinone state. Nonetheless, there is still much to learn regarding the mechanisms of Fe(III)‐siderophore reduction including the apparent functional redundancy of these enzymes in numerous microorganisms.
Die Totalsynthese des Antibiotikums Disciformycin B durch Ringschlussmetathese
Authors: Waser Philipp , Altmann Karl‐Heinz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWir beschreiben die Totalsynthese des potenten neuen Antibiotikums Disciformycin B (2), das eine ausgeprägte Aktivität gegenüber Methicillin‐ und Vancomycin‐resistenten Stämmen von Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/VRSA) aufweist. Der zentrale Syntheseschritt besteht in der Makrozyklisierung eines Tetraens zum 12‐gliedrigen Makrolactonring des Naturstoffs durch eine ringschließende Olefinmetathese. Zwar wurde neben dem Makrozyklus über einen alternativen Ringschlussmetatheseweg auch ein Cyclopentenderivat gebildet, es konnten jedoch Bedingungen gefunden werden, die das gewünschte Makrolacton als Hauptprodukt lieferten. Die Schlüsselschritte bei der Herstellung des Metathesesubstrats waren eine hocheffiziente Evans‐syn‐Aldolreaktion, die asymmetrische Brown‐Allylierung des Angelikaaldehyds, sowie die stereoselektive 1,2‐Reduktion eines Enons mittels Zn(BH4)2. Die Synthese wurde nach der Makrozyklisierung über eine dehydratative Glykosylierung zur Einführung des d‐Arabinofuranosylrests und schließlich eine chemoselektive Oxidation eines allylischen Alkohols zu Ende geführt.
Aromatic 19F–13C TROSY—[19F, 13C]‐Pyrimidine Labeling for NMR Spectroscopy of RNA
Authors: Nußbaumer Felix , Plangger Raphael , Roeck Manuel , Kreutz Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present the access to [5‐19F, 5‐13C]‐uridine and ‐cytidine phosphoramidites for the production of site‐specifically modified RNAs up to 65 nucleotides (nts). The amidites were used to introduce [5‐19F, 5‐13C]‐pyrimidine labels into five RNAs—the 30 nt human immunodeficiency virus trans activation response (HIV TAR) 2 RNA, the 61 nt human hepatitis B virus ϵ (hHBV ϵ) RNA, the 49 nt SAM VI riboswitch aptamer domain from B. angulatum, the 29 nt apical stem loop of the pre‐microRNA (miRNA) 21 and the 59 nt full length pre‐miRNA 21. The main stimulus to introduce the aromatic 19F–13C‐spin topology into RNA comes from a work of Boeszoermenyi et al., in which the dipole‐dipole interaction and the chemical shift anisotropy relaxation mechanisms cancel each other leading to advantageous TROSY properties shown for aromatic protein sidechains. This aromatic 13C–19F labeling scheme is now transferred to RNA. We provide a protocol for the resonance assignment by solid phase synthesis based on diluted [5‐19F, 5‐13C]/[5‐19F] pyrimidine labeling. For the 61 nt hHBV ϵ we find a beneficial 19F–13C TROSY enhancement, which should be even more pronounced in larger RNAs and will facilitate the NMR studies of larger RNAs. The [19F, 13C]‐labeling of the SAM VI aptamer domain and the pre‐miRNA 21 further opens the possibility to use the biorthogonal stable isotope reporter nuclei in in vivo NMR to observe ligand binding and microRNA processing in a biological relevant setting.
Four‐Dimensional Deoxyribonucleic Acid–Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Luo Ming , Xuan Mingjun , Huo Shuaidong , Fan Jilin , Chakraborty Gurudas , Wang Yixi , Zhao Hui , Herrmann Andreas , Zheng Lifei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganization of gold nanoobjects by oligonucleotides has resulted in many three‐dimensional colloidal assemblies with diverse size, shape, and complexity; nonetheless, autonomous and temporal control during formation remains challenging. In contrast, living systems temporally and spatially self‐regulate formation of functional structures by internally orchestrating assembly and disassembly kinetics of dissipative biomacromolecular networks. We present a novel approach for fabricating four‐dimensional gold nanostructures by adding an additional dimension: time. The dissipative character of our system is achieved using exonuclease III digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fuel as an energy‐dissipating pathway. Temporal control over amorphous clusters composed of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and well‐defined core–satellite structures from gold nanorods (AuNRs) and AuNPs is demonstrated. Furthermore, the high specificity of DNA hybridization allowed us to demonstrate selective activation of the evolution of multiple architectures of higher complexity in a single mixture containing small and larger spherical AuNPs and AuNRs.
Catalytic steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound using Ni/coal fly ash catalyst
Authors: Lu Min , Xiong Zuhong , Li Jiqing , Li Xi , Fang Kejing , Li Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoal fly ash (CFA), a solid waste from power plants, was selected as the support of Ni‐based catalysts used for steam reforming of toluene in a fixed‐bed reactor. The CFA support was thermally pretreatment first, followed by chemical activation with different treatment time (6 h to 4 days) in 2‐mol/L HNO3 solution. Then, series low‐cost catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The prepared catalysts were characterized suitably by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauere–Emmette–Teller (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and Raman techniques. According to the catalyst characterization, the chemical pretreatment could improve the support property by adjusting the chemical composition. The Fe‐rich Fe‐Ni and Ni‐Co alloy was formed by H2 reduction on the Ni/CFA‐6h and Co‐Ni/CFA‐6h catalysts, respectively. In the catalytic steam reforming of toluene, the Ni/CFA‐6h had the best catalytic active among all monometallic catalysts, which could be attributed to the existence of Fe0.94Ni0.06 particles, and its performance could be further improved after partly replacing Ni by Co. The Co‐Ni/CFA‐6h catalyst exhibited the best ability of carbon deposit resistance, implying that its catalytic performance slightly lower than Ni/SiO2 was due to the too large SBET surface area gap.