bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐Guided Anterior Approach to a Sciatic Nerve Block
Authors: Kim Ha‐Jung , Chin Ki Jinn , Kim Hyungtae , Jang Hwa‐young , Bin Seong‐il , Ro Young‐jin , Koh Won Uk 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the optimal lower limb position for an ultrasound (US)‐guided anterior approach to a sciatic nerve block.MethodsWe included 45 patients who met the following criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of 1 to 3, age between 18 and 80 years, and scheduled to undergo knee surgery that required a sciatic nerve block. The lower limbs of each patient were placed in the following 4 positions: N, neutral; ER, external rotation of the hip (angle, 45°); ER/F15, ER (angle, 45°) and flexion (angle, 15°) of the hip; and ER/F45, ER (angle, 45°) and F (angle, 45°) of the hip. An investigator acquired US scans of the sciatic nerve in each position, and the visibility score and depth of the sciatic nerve from the skin were analyzed.ResultsThe visibility scores were significantly higher in positions ER/F15 and ER/F45 than in positions ER and N (P < .0001). However, there was no difference between the visibility scores in positions ER/F15 and ER/F45 (P = .0959). The depth of the sciatic nerve from the skin decreased with ER and an increase in the F angle of the hip (overall P < .0001).ConclusionsBased on the visibility score and depth from the skin, ER of the hip to 45° with a greater F angle (45° versus 15°) of the hip appears to be the optimal position for an US‐guided anterior approach to a sciatic nerve block.
Prefrontal cortex infusion of beta‐hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, produces antidepressant‐like effects in a rodent model of depression
Authors: Kajitani Naofumi , Iwata Masaaki , Miura Akihiko , Tsunetomi Kyohei , Yamanashi Takehiko , Matsuo Ryoichi , Nishiguchi Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Saki , Nagata Mayu , Shibushita Midori , Yamauchi Takahira , Pu Shenghong , Shirayama Yukihiko , Watanabe Ken , Kaneko Koichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsNeuroinflammation is deeply related to the pathophysiology of depression. Beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is an endogenous ketone body, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and peripheral administration of BHB induces antidepressant effects in an animal model of depression; however, it is unclear whether BHB specifically mediates these actions in the brain. Thus, we administered BHB directly into the brain in a rodent model of depression using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm.MethodsBHB was continuously microinjected into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using osmotic pumps for 21 days. Behavioral testing included the forced swim test (FST) and the open field test (OFT); the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), were quantified in the PFC, and the concentration of corticosterone in blood serum was measured.ResultsBHB administration into the PFC significantly decreased immobility time in the FST, without significantly altering locomotor activity assessed in the OFT. Also, CUS significantly increased the levels of TNF‐α in the PFC and decreased serum corticosterone levels; these changes were attenuated by BHB administration. These findings suggest that a small amount of BHB administered into the PFC directly produces antidepressant effects, possibly through anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and can improve hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responses.ConclusionBHB may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of depression based on the neuro‐inflammatory hypothesis, and the PFC is a region implicated in the antidepressant action of BHB.
A methodology to benchmark flexible payload architectures in a megaconstellation use case
Authors: Vidal Florian , Legay Hervé , Goussetis George , Garcia Vigueras Maria , Tubau Ségolène , Gayrard Jean‐Didier 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a methodology to benchmark satellite payload architectures and find the optimal trade‐offs between high flexibility and low complexity. High flexibility would enable the satellite to adapt to various distributions of user terminals on the ground and fulfill the data rate demand of these users. Besides, low complexity is required to keep satellite networks competitive in the context of emerging 5G networks. To estimate the flexibility of a payload, an indicator to characterize the non‐uniformity of user distributions is proposed. Each benchmarked payload may be characterized by a graph relating the throughput to this parameter further denoted
. The payload provides the same throughput trends for different scenarios of user distributions with the same
parameter. As a consequence, the average capacity of the system may be estimated by (a) calculating the probability distribution of
over the orbit and (b) integrating the throughput based on this payload response. It thus results in a straightforward way for benchmarking payloads directly on an estimation of the averaged capacity, accounting for the user distribution over the earth. A simulation platform has been developed to characterize the payload throughput including the implementation of a resource allocation algorithm that accounts for constraints of various payloads. Using this definition and the developed tool, we benchmark a bent‐pipe architecture, a beam hopping architecture and a hybrid beam‐steering architecture for a LEO megaconstellation use case. The methodology showcases the interest for investigating different payload architectures depending on realistic traffic scenario analysis.
Spontaneous Aminolytic Cyclization and Self‐Assembly of Dipeptide Methyl Esters in Water
Authors: Pappas Charalampos G. , Wijerathne Nadeesha , Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Jain Ankit , Kroiss Daniela , Sasselli Ivan R. , Pina Ana Sofia , Lampel Ayala , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDipeptides are known to spontaneously cyclize to diketopiperazines, and in some cases these cyclic dipeptides have been shown to self‐assemble to form supramolecular nanostructures. Herein, we demonstrate the in situ cyclization of dipeptide methyl esters in aqueous buffer by intramolecular aminolysis, leading to the formation of diverse supramolecular nanostructures. The chemical nature of the amino acid side chains dictates the supramolecular arrangement and resulting nanoscale architectures. For c[LF], supramolecular gels are formed, and the concentration of starting materials influences the mechanical properties of these hydrogels. Moreover, by adding metalloporphyrins to the starting dipeptide starting solution, these become incorporated through cooperative assembly, resulting in the formation of nanofibers able to catalyse the oxidation of organic phenol in water. The approach taken here, which combines chemically activated assembly with the versatility of short peptides, demonstrates a new and easy method to achieving spontaneous formation of a variety of functional supramolecular materials using simple building blocks.
Niche Partitioning among Native Ciscoes and Nonnative Rainbow Smelt in Lake Superior
Authors: Rosinski Caroline L. , Vinson Mark R. , Yule Daniel L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral species of ciscoesCoregonus, subgenusLeucichthysthat are native to the Laurentian Great Lakes are rare or extirpated. The restoration ofCoregonusfishes is being actively pursued through stocking, and success may depend on the availability of unoccupied niche space. We described the spring–summer habitat occupancy and diets of three native cisco species (BloaterCoregonus hoyi, CiscoC. artedi,and KiyiC. Kiyi) and invasive Rainbow SmeltOsmerus mordaxin Lake Superior and measured niche overlap among these species for both small and large sizes. The potential habitat area was highest for Cisco and Kiyi, followed by Bloater and Rainbow Smelt. The probability of overlap in habitat occupation, as measured by bathymetric depth, fish capture depth, distance from shore, and fish capture water temperature was highest for small Rainbow Smelt and Cisco. Trophic overlap, as measured by stomach contents and stable isotopes, was highest between small Bloater and Cisco and between large Bloater and Kiyi. All of the species showed significant ontogenetic change in both habitat occupation and diet. The overall niche overlap in spring–summer habitat and diet was greatest between small Cisco and Rainbow Smelt and between large Bloater and Kiyi; however, differences in individual niche dimensions likely limit competition for both species pairs. Synthesizing the diet and habitat niche data revealed nuanced niches that allow these seemingly similar planktivorous species to coexist. Kiyi had the least niche overlap with other cisco species and Rainbow Smelt, so from an available niche perspective Kiyi would be a strong candidate for reintroduction into lakes from which they were extirpated.
Sodium butyrate as an effective feed additive to improve growth performance and gastrointestinal development in broilers
Authors: Lan Rui Xia , Li Si Qi , Zhao Zhihui , An Li Long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on growth performance, the development of gastrointestinal tract and immune organs (thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius), and serum antibody titer after Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination in broilers. The total of 288 1‐day‐old broilers were randomly allocated to four groups with six replications according to initial body weight. Four treatment groups were designed as follows and fed the indicated diets: CON, basal diet; T1, basal diet supplemented with 0.3 g/kg SB; T2, basal diet supplemented with 0.6 g/kg SB; T3, basal diet supplemented with 1.2 g/kg SB. During days 1–21, broilers fed the T2 diet had higher (p < .05) average daily gain (ADG) than broilers fed the CON diet. On day 21, dietary SB supplementation showed linear increase (p < .05) in relative weight of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, small intestine (the sum weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum), pancreas and thymus, and linear increase (p < .05) in relative length of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, small intestine (the sum length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and caeca. Meanwhile, dietary SB supplementation showed linear increase in the antibody titer against ND on days 14, 21, 28 and 35. In conclusion, dietary SB supplementation improved the development of gastrointestinal by increasing the relative weight and length, as well as enhanced the immune response of ND vaccine.
Spin-locality of higher-spin theories and star-product functional classes
Authors: Gelfond O. A. , Vasiliev M. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The analysis of spin-locality of higher-spin gauge theory is formulated in terms of star-product functional classes appropriate for the β → −∞ limiting shifted homotopy proposed recently in [1] where all ω2C2 higher-spin vertices were shown to be spin-local. For the β → −∞ limiting shifted contracting homotopy we identify the class of functions $$ {\mathcal{H}}^{+0} $$

H

+
0

, that do not contribute to the r.h.s. of HS field equations at a given order. A number of theorems and relations that organize analysis of the higher-spin equations are derived including extension of the Pfaffian Locality Theorem of [2] to the β-shifted contracting homotopy and the relation underlying locality of the ω2C2 sector of higher-spin equations.Space-time interpretation of spin-locality of theories involving infinite towers of fields is proposed as the property that the theory is space-time local in terms of original con- stituent fields ϕ and their local currents J(ϕ) of all ranks. Spin-locality is argued to be a proper substitute of locality for theories with finite sets of fields for which the two concepts are equivalent.
Fixing an ambiguity in two dimensional string theory using string field theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In a recent paper, Balthazar, Rodriguez and Yin found some remarkable agreement between the results of c = 1 matrix model and D-instanton corrections in two dimensional string theory. Their analysis left undetermined two constants in the string theory computation which had to be fixed by comparing the results with the matrix model results. One of these constants is affected by possible renormalization of the D-instanton action that needs to be computed separately. In this paper we fix the other constant by reformulating the world-sheet analysis in the language of string field theory.
Häufigkeit von Asthma bronchiale und Alter bei der Erstdiagnose – erste Ergebnisse der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie
Authors: Langer Susan , Horn Johannes , Kluttig Alexander , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Karrasch Stefan , Schulz Holger , Wichmann Heinz-Erich , Linseisen Jakob , Jaeschke Lina , Pischon Tobias , Fricke Julia , Keil Thomas , Ahrens Wolfgang , Günther Kathrin , Kuß Oliver , Schikowski Tamara , Schmidt Börge , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Michels Karin B. , Franzke Claus-Werner , Becher Heiko , Jagodzinski Annika , Castell Stefanie , Kemmling Yvonne , Lieb Wolfgang , Waniek Sabina , Wirkner Kerstin , Löffler Markus , Kaaks Rudolf , Greiser Karin Halina , Berger Klaus , Legath Nicole , Meinke-Franze Claudia , Schipf Sabine , Leitzmann Michael , Baurecht Hansjörg , Weigl Korbinian , Amitay Efrat , Gottschick Cornelia 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Asthma bronchiale stellt über alle Bildungsschichten hinweg eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter dar. Im Erwachsenenalter erstmals auftretendes Asthma (Adult-onset Asthma, AOA) ist im Vergleich zu Childhood-onset Asthma (COA) mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert, was verstärkte Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich erfordert. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Häufigkeiten und das Alter bei Erstdiagnose aus Selbstangaben zu Asthma bei Erwachsenen in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie darzustellen und mit Daten der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS) zu vergleichen.

Material und Methoden
Unsere Analyse beruht auf einem Datensatz zur Halbzeit der NAKO-Basiserhebung mit 101.284 Personen. Verwendete Variablen waren die Selbstangabe zum jemals ärztlich diagnostizierten Asthma, Alter bei Erstdiagnose, Behandlung in den letzten 12 Monaten, Alter und Geschlecht.

Ergebnisse
Laut Datenbasis zur Halbzeit berichteten in der NAKO 8,7 % der Frauen und 7,0 % der Männer, dass bei ihnen jemals Asthma diagnostiziert wurde.
Etwa bei einem Drittel der Teilnehmenden mit Asthma wurde die Diagnose bereits im Kindes‑/Jugendalter (<18 Jahre) gestellt. Dabei waren 2,2 % der Frauen und 2,8 % der Männer von COA betroffen und 6,5 % der Frauen und 4,2 % der Männer von AOA. In den vorangegangenen 12 Monaten gaben 33 % der COA-Fälle und 60 % der AOA-Fälle an, ärztlich behandelt worden zu sein.

Diskussion
Die Häufigkeit von Asthma in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie in Abhängigkeit von Alter und Geschlecht entspricht weitgehend den Daten aus anderen Studien wie DEGS. Allerdings ist der AOA-Anteil höher als in der Literatur beschrieben. Der Anstieg der kumulativen Asthmadiagnosen ist bei den jüngeren Geburtsjahrgängen deutlich steiler, was für eine Zunahme über die Zeit spricht.
Algebras and Varieties
Authors: Green Edward L. , Hille Lutz , Schroll Sibylle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we introduce new affine algebraic varieties whose points correspond to associative algebras. We show that the algebras within a variety share many important homological properties. In particular, any two algebras in the same variety have the same dimension. The cases of finite dimensional algebras as well as that of graded algebras arise as subvarieties of the varieties we define. As an application we show that for algebras of global dimension two over the complex numbers, any algebra in the variety continuously deforms to a monomial algebra.
Provisioning Input and Output Data Rates in Data Processing Frameworks
Authors: Do Nam H. , Van Do Tien , Farkas Lóránt , Rotter Csaba 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the need of deadline-bounded applications in live mobile network environments to obtain the guarantee and the appropriate share of an input and output (I/O) data rate. However, data processing frameworks only support the request of memory and the computing capacity at present. In this paper, we propose a solution that allows the control of disk I/O and network I/O for data processing applications in YARN and Mesos frameworks. Experimental results show that our tool can provision the I/O data rate sharing of competing data processing applications.
Effects of Mississippi River water on phytoplankton growth and composition in the upper Barataria estuary, Louisiana
Authors: Ren Ling , Rabalais Nancy N. , Turner R. Eugene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiversion of river waters to adjacent estuaries may occur during wetland restoration, navigation channel development, or storms. We proposed that diversions of nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched waters from the river to estuarine waters would result in increased phytoplankton biomass and shifts to noxious or harmful algal blooms. We tested this hypothesis by conducting four seasonal microcosm experiments in which Mississippi River water was mixed at different volume ratios with ambient estuarine waters of three lakes in the upper Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA. These lakes included two brackish lakes that were in the path of diverted Mississippi River water, and a freshwater lake that was not. The results from the 3- to 8-day experiments yielded a predictable increase in phytoplankton biomass related to nutrient additions from Mississippi River water. The subsequent decreases in the dissolved nitrate + nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus, and silicate concentrations explained 76 to 86% of the increase in chlorophyll a concentrations in the microcosms. Our experiments showed that cyanobacteria can successfully compete with diatoms for N and P resources even under non-limiting Si conditions and that toxic cyanobacteria densities can increase to bloom levels with increased Mississippi River water inputs to ambient waters in the microcosms. Diversions of Mississippi River into adjacent estuarine waters should be considered in relation to expected and, possibly, unexpected changes in phytoplankton communities to the receiving waters and coastal ecosystems.
n-Extended Lorentzian Kac–Moody algebras
Authors: Fring Andreas , Whittington Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate a class of Kac–Moody algebras previously not considered. We refer to them as n-extended Lorentzian Kac–Moody algebras defined by their Dynkin diagrams through the connection of an $$A_n$$An Dynkin diagram to the node corresponding to the affine root. The cases $$n=1$$n=1 and $$n=2$$n=2 correspond to the well-studied over- and very-extended Kac–Moody algebras, respectively, of which the particular examples of $$E_{10}$$E10 and $$E_{11}$$E11 play a prominent role in string and M-theory. We construct closed generic expressions for their associated roots, fundamental weights and Weyl vectors. We use these quantities to calculate specific constants from which the nodes can be determined that when deleted decompose the n-extended Lorentzian Kac–Moody algebras into simple Lie algebras and Lorentzian Kac–Moody algebra. The signature of these constants also serves to establish whether the algebras possess SO(1, 2) and/or SO(3)-principal subalgebras.
Fluctuating maximal God
Authors: Jeffrey Anne , Lancaster-Thomas Asha , Moravec Matyáš 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper explores a variety of perfect being theism that combines Yujin Nagasawa’s maximal God thesis with the view that God is not atemporal. We argue that the original maximal God thesis still implicitly relies on a “static” view of divine perfections. Instead, following the recent re-evaluation of divine immutability by analytic philosophers, we propose that thinking of divine great-making properties (omnipotence, omniscience etc.) as fluctuating but nevertheless remaining maximal either for every timet or across all times strengthens the original maximal God thesis. Furthermore, we show that “temporalising” Nagasawa’s maximal God and adopting what we call the fluctuating maximal God thesis provides more effective ways of responding to objections to perfect being theism, in particular, the argument from evil and some conceptual problems pertaining to the Incarnation. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposal is compatible with Christian Scriptures and coheres with numerous biblical passages better than Nagasawa’s original proposal does.
Atmospheric Electricity at the Ice Giants
Authors: Aplin K. L. , Fischer G. , Nordheim T. A. , Konovalenko A. , Zakharenko V. , Zarka P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLightning was detected by Voyager 2 at Uranus and Neptune, and weaker electrical processes also occur throughout planetary atmospheres from galactic cosmic ray (GCR) ionisation. Lightning is an indicator of convection, whereas electrical processes away from storms modulate cloud formation and chemistry, particularly if there is little insolation to drive other mechanisms. The ice giants appear to be unique in the Solar System in that they are distant enough from the Sun for GCR-related mechanisms to be significant for clouds and climate, yet also convective enough for lightning to occur. This paper reviews observations (both from Voyager 2 and Earth), data analysis and modelling, and considers options for future missions. Radio, energetic particle and magnetic instruments are recommended for future orbiters, and Huygens-like atmospheric electricity sensors for in situ observations. Uranian lightning is also expected to be detectable from terrestrial radio telescopes.
Prediction of Electrolyte Distribution in Technical Gas Diffusion Electrodes: From Imaging to SPH Simulations
Authors: Kunz P. , Paulisch M. , Osenberg M. , Bischof B. , Manke I. , Nieken U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe performance of the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is crucial for technical processes like chlorine–alkali electrolysis. The function of the GDE is to provide an intimate contact between gaseous reactants, the solid catalyst, and the liquid electrolyte. To accomplish this, the GDE is composed of wetting and non-wetting materials to avoid electrolyte breakthrough. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the electrolyte in the porous structure is a prerequisite for further improvement of GDE. Therefore, the ability of the electrolyte to imbibe into the porous electrode is studied by direct numeric simulations in a reconstructed porous electrode. The information on the geometry, including the information on silver and PTFE distribution of the technical GDE, is extracted from FIB/SEM imaging including a segmentation into the different phases. Modeling of wetting phenomena inside the GDE is challenging, since surface tension and wetting of the electrolyte on silver and PTFE surfaces must be included in a physically consistent manner. Recently, wetting was modeled from first principles on the continuum scale by introducing a contact line force. Here, the newly developed contact line force model is employed to simulate two-phase flow in the solid microstructures using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. In this contribution, we present the complete workflow from imaging of the GDE to dynamic SPH simulations of the electrolyte intrusion process. The simulations are used to investigate the influence of addition of non-wetting PTFE as well as the application of external pressure differences between the electrolyte and the gas phase on the intrusion process.