bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of relapse‐associated gene mutations by next‐generation sequencing in low‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Prieto‐Conde María Isabel , Jiménez Cristina , García‐Álvarez María , Ramos Fernando , Medina Alejandro , Cuello Rebeca , Balanzategui Ana , Alonso José M. , Sarasquete Maria Eugenia , Queizán José Antonio , Alcoceba Miguel , Bárez Abelardo , Puig Noemí , Cantalapiedra Alberto , Gutiérrez Norma C. , García‐Sanz Ramón , González‐Díaz Marcos , Chillón María Carmen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryRecommended genetic categorization of acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) includes a favourable‐risk category, but not all these patients have good prognosis. Here, we used next‐generation sequencing to evaluate the mutational profile of 166 low‐risk AML patients: 30 core‐binding factor (CBF)‐AMLs, 33 nucleophosmin (NPM1)‐AMLs, 4 biCEBPα‐AMLs and 101 acute promyelocytic leukaemias (APLs). Functional categories of mutated genes differed among subgroups. NPM1‐AMLs showed frequent variations in DNA‐methylation genes (DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2) (79%), although without prognostic impact. Within this group, splicing‐gene mutations were an independent factor for relapse‐free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In CBF‐AML, poor independent factors for RFS and OS were mutations in RAS pathway and cohesin genes, respectively. In APL, the mutational profile differed according to the risk groups. High‐risk APLs showed a high mutation rate in cell‐signalling genes (P = 0·002), highlighting an increased incidence of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) (65%, P < 0·0001). Remarkably, in low‐risk APLs (n = 28), NRAS mutations were strongly correlated with a shorter five‐year RFS (25% vs. 100%, P < 0·0001). Overall, a high number of mutations (≥3) was the worst prognostic factor RFS (HR = 2·6, P = 0·003). These results suggest that gene mutations may identify conventional low‐risk AML patients with poor prognosis and might be useful for better risk stratification and treatment decisions.
Developing Technician Skills for Innovative Industries: Theory, Evidence from the UK Life Sciences Industry, and Policy Implications
Authors: Lewis Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores how innovative firms attempt to acquire the skilled technicians needed to deploy new technologies. Interviews with 40 employers from the UK life sciences sector reveal that shortages of technicians, an awareness of the importance of practical skills best acquired through work‐based learning, and increasing dissatisfaction with the use of graduates, are encouraging employers to turn towards apprenticeship training. However, the rules governing the funding of various kinds of education and training discourage providers from offering the kinds of apprenticeships increasingly sought by employers, giving rise to a ‘system failure’ that manifests itself in shortages of technicians and the use of over‐qualified graduates in technician roles.
Straight from the source's mouth: Controls on field‐constrained sediment export across the entire active Corinth Rift, central Greece
Authors: Watkins Stephen E. , Whittaker Alexander C. , Bell Rebecca E. , Brooke Sam A. S. , Ganti Vamsi , Gawthorpe Robert L. , McNeill Lisa C. , Nixon Casey W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe volume and grain‐size of sediment supplied from catchments fundamentally control basin stratigraphy. Despite their importance, few studies have constrained sediment budgets and grain‐size exported into an active rift at the basin scale. Here, we used the Corinth Rift as a natural laboratory to quantify the controls on sediment export within an active rift. In the field, we measured the hydraulic geometries, surface grain‐sizes of channel bars and full‐weighted grain‐size distributions of river sediment at the mouths of 47 catchments draining the rift (constituting 83% of the areal extent). Results show that the sediment grain‐size increases westward along the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth, with the coarse‐fraction grain‐sizes (84th percentile of weighted grain‐size distribution) ranging from approximately 19 to 91 mm. We find that the median and coarse‐fraction of the sieved grain‐size distribution are primarily controlled by bedrock lithology, with late Quaternary uplift rates exerting a secondary control. Our results indicate that grain‐size export is primarily controlled by the input grain‐size within the catchment and subsequent abrasion during fluvial transport, both quantities that are sensitive to catchment lithology. We also demonstrate that the median and coarse‐fraction of the grain‐size distribution are predominantly transported in bedload; however, typical sand‐grade particles are transported as suspended load at bankfull conditions, suggesting disparate source‐to‐sink transit timescales for sand and gravel. Finally, we derive both a full Holocene sediment budget and a grain‐size‐specific bedload discharged into the Gulf of Corinth using the grain‐size measurements and previously published estimates of sediment fluxes and volumes. Results show that the bedload sediment budget is primarily comprised (~79%) of pebble to cobble grade (0.475–16 cm). Our results suggest that the grain‐size of sediment export at the rift scale is particularly sensitive to catchment lithology and fluvial mophodynamics, which complicates our ability to make direct inferences of tectonic and palaeoenvironmental forcing from local stratigraphic characteristics.
Collider bias in the association of periodontitis and carotid intima‐media thickness
Authors: Leite Fábio R. M. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Peres Karen G. , Demarco Flávio F. , Horta Bernardo L. , Peres Marco A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study tested the presence of collider bias in the relationship between periodontitis and the carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT).MethodsData from 480 members of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, were used. Periodontitis at the age of 24 years was determined as the main exposure. cIMT at the age of 30 years was set as the outcome. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) was considered the mediator (collider). Confounding variables included sex, income, BMI and smoking. The association between cIMT and periodontitis was tested in conventional logistic regression stratified on hsCRP levels, marginal structural modelling and sensitivity analysis for collider stratification bias.ResultsConventional adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between periodontitis and cIMT (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1; 2.3). Stratified analysis according to the hsCRP levels revealed that the magnitude of the association was even higher among participants with hsCRP ≥ 3 mg/L (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1; 4.2) with 36% collider bias probability. No association between periodontitis and cIMT was found among participants with hsCRP < 3 mg/L (OR 1.3; 95% CI 0.8; 2.1). The association was not detected using marginal structural modelling (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8; 2.0).ConclusionsThe association between periodontitis and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease might be induced by collider bias stratification using conventional regression analysis.
Photodermatitis from topical phenothiazines: A case series
Authors: Cariou Claire , Droitcourt Catherine , Osmont Marie Noelle , Marguery Marie Claude , Dutartre Hervé , Delaunay Juliette , Avenel‐Audran Martine , Dupuy Alain , Adamski Henri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, contact photosensitivity to phenothiazines is well‐known, particularly in southern countries. Topical phenothiazines are widely used and sold over‐the‐counter (OTC) for the treatment of mosquito bites and pruritus in France.ObjectiveTo report a series of cases with photodermatitis following use of topical phenothiazines.MethodA retrospective study of cases of contact dermatitis from phenothiazines seen in French photodermatology centers was performed.ResultsIn all, 14 patients with a diagnosis of contact dermatitis from phenothiazines were included. These patients developed eczema on the application sites, and in 13 the eruption spread to photodistributed sites. Topical products containing isothipendyl were the most common cause of photodermatitis. One patient had photoaggravated eczema due to promethazine cream. All patients stopped using topical phenothiazines and were treated successfully with topical corticosteroids. One patient relapsed and developed persistent light eruption. In all of the nine cases tested, photopatch testing to the topical phenothiazine used “as is” was positive. Isothipendyl, chlorproethazine, and the excipients were not tested. Photopatch tests to chlorpromazine and promethazine were positive in 8 of 12 and 7 of 13 tested, respectively.ConclusionUse of isothipendyl and promethazine as OTC (or even prescribed) drugs needs to be limited due to severe reactions and sensitization to other phenothiazines that consequently will have to be avoided.
Impact of patient‐centred diabetes self‐management education targeting people with type 2 diabetes: an integrative review
Authors: Olesen K. , Hempler N. Folmann , Drejer S. , Valeur Baumgarten S. , Stenov V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo synthesize primary research into the impact of person‐centred diabetes self‐management education, and support that targets people with type 2 diabetes, on behavioural, psychosocial and cardiometabolic outcomes and to identify effective mechanisms underlying positive outcomes of person‐centred diabetes self‐management education and support.MethodsUsing Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method, we conducted a systematic search of peer‐reviewed literature published between January 2008 and June 2019 using PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. After article selection according to established criteria, study quality was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists for cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and qualitative research.ResultsFrom 1901 identified records, 22 (19 quantitative, two qualitative, and one mixed methods) were considered eligible for inclusion. Interventions were categorized by content, medium of delivery, and outcomes. Qualitative studies, quantitative cohort studies and randomized controlled trials demonstrated positive outcomes, with no differences in success rates across study design. Interventions were largely successful in improving HbA1c and patient‐reported outcomes such as quality of life but had limited success in lowering cholesterol and weight, or initiating long‐term improvements in lifestyle behaviours. Primary objectives were achieved more often than secondary objectives, and studies with fewer outcomes appeared more successful in achieving specific outcomes.ConclusionsPerson‐centred diabetes self‐management education and support has demonstrated a considerable impact on desired diabetes‐related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. To advance the field further, new studies should take advantage of systematic and transparent approaches to person‐centred diabetes self‐management education.
Retinopathy develops at similar glucose levels but higher HbA1c levels in people with black African ancestry compared to white European ancestry: evidence for the need to individualize HbA1c interpretation
Authors: Staimez L. R. , Rhee M. K. , Deng Y. , Safo S. E. , Butler S. M. , Legvold B. T. , Jackson S. L. , Ford C. N. , Wilson P. W. F. , Long Q. , Phillips L. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the association of HbA1c and glucose levels with incident diabetic retinopathy according to black African or white European ancestry.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of 202 500 US Veterans with diabetes (2000–2014), measures included HbA1c, outpatient random serum/plasma glucose, and incident retinopathy [conversion from negative to ≥2 positive evaluations (ICD‐9 codes), without a subsequent negative].ResultsAt baseline, the study population had a mean age of 59.3 years, their mean BMI was 31.9 kg/m2, HbA1c level was 57 mmol/mol (7.4%) and glucose level was 8.8 mmol/l, and 77% were of white European ancestry (white individuals) and 21% of black African ancestry (black individuals). HbA1c was 0.3% higher in black vs white individuals (P < 0.001), adjusting for baseline age, sex, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), haemoglobin, and average systolic blood pressure and glucose. Over 11 years, incident retinopathy occurred in 9% of black and 7% of white individuals, but black individuals had higher HbA1c, glucose, and systolic blood pressure (all P < 0.001); adjusted for these factors, incident retinopathy was reduced in black vs white individuals (P < 0.001). The population incidence of retinopathy (7%) was associated with higher mean baseline HbA1c in individuals with black vs white ancestry [63 mmol/mol (7.9%) vs 58 mmol/mol (7.5%); P < 0.001)], but with similar baseline glucose levels (9.0 vs 9.0 mmol/l; P = 0.660, all adjusted for baseline age, sex and BMI).ConclusionsSince retinopathy occurs at higher HbA1c levels in black people for a given level of average plasma glucose, strategies may be needed to individualize the interpretation of HbA1c measurements.
Impact of weather variables and season on sporulation of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae
Authors: Fraser Stuart , Gomez‐Gallego Mireia , Gardner Judy , Bulman Lindsay S. , Denman Sandra , Williams Nari M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae are the causal agents of important needle diseases on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases, making the development of control strategies challenging. To investigate the seasonality and climatic drivers of sporulation, inoculum traps, consisting of pine fascicles floating on water in plastic containers, were exchanged fortnightly at five sites in P. radiata plantations between February 2012 and December 2014. Sections of needle baits were plated onto selective media and growth of Phytophthora pluvialis and P. kernoviae recorded. To explore the generalizability of these data, they were compared to detection data for both pathogens from the New Zealand Forest Health Database (NZFHDB). Further, equivalent analyses on infection of Rhododendron ponticum by P. kernoviae in Cornwall, UK allowed the comparison of the epidemiology of P. kernoviae across different host systems and environments. In New Zealand, inoculum of P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was detected between January–December and March–November, respectively. Inoculum of both species peaked in abundance in late winter. The probability of detecting P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was greater at lower temperatures, while the probability of detecting P. pluvialis also increased during periods of wet weather. Similar patterns were observed in NZFHDB data. However, the seasonal pattern of infection by P. kernoviae in the UK was the opposite of that seen for sporulation in New Zealand. Phytophthora kernoviae was likely limited by warmer and drier summers in New Zealand, but by colder winter weather in the UK. These results emphasize the importance of considering both environmental drivers and thresholds in improving our understanding of pathogen epidemiology.
Bilateral Morgagni hernia in a donkey
Authors: Arévalo‐Rodríguez J. M. , Caudron I. , Salciccia A. , Vandersmissen M. , de la Rebière de Pouyade G. , Grulke S. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis case report describes the clinical presentation and management of a donkey admitted with acute signs of abdominal pain that was diagnosed with a bilateral Morgagni hernia, a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. For more than 8 months before presentation, the donkey had been showing signs of recurrent mild abdominal pain that responded favourably to medical treatment. On admission, the donkey had mild tachycardia and tachypnoea. Radiography and ultrasound of the thorax and abdomen showed thoracic herniation of the large colon. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures of the large colon, as well as the left hepatic lobe, were found incarcerated in a bilateral Morgagni hernia. Intestine and liver were removed from the hernia, and the large colon was exteriorised. The defect in the diaphragm was repaired by stapling a polyester mesh circumferentially around the hernia ring and covering the mesh with an excised section of the greater omentum. No further complications and no recurrence of colic were observed during an 8‐month follow‐up period.
The role of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle for the 21st century
Authors: Qiu Chunjing , Zhu Dan , Ciais Philippe , Guenet Bertrand , Peng Shushi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimPersistent sinks of atmospheric CO2 in undisturbed peatlands are not included in future projections of the global carbon budget. We aimed to explore possible responses of northern peatlands to future climate change and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the carbon balance of the Northern Hemisphere.LocationThe terrestrial Northern Hemisphere (>30° N).Time period1861–2099.Major taxa studiedNot a specific plant species, but a plant functional type is used by the model to represent an average of all vegetation growing in northern peatlands.MethodsThe ORCHIDEE‐PEAT v.2.0 process‐based land surface model was used to simulate area and carbon dynamics of northern peatlands. The model was driven up to the year 2099 by the global CO2 concentration from representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5 by corresponding climate projections from two general circulation models after bias correction.ResultsFirst, from 1861 to 2005 the mean annual carbon balance of northern peatlands was an atmospheric CO2 sink of 0.10 PgC/year, and this sink will roughly double in the future under both RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, whereas the total northern peatlands will be either a source of CO2 (IPSL‐CM5A‐LR) or near neutral (GFDL‐ESM2M) by the end of the century under RCP8.5. Second, the peatlands in western Canada, western and northern Europe may experience reducing areas and may shift from being CO2 sinks to sources, especially under rapid climate warming. Third, peatland enhances soil carbon accumulation in the Northern Hemisphere (lands north of 30° N).Main conclusionsIn this study, future changes in both northern peatland extent and peatland carbon storage are simulated. We highlight that undisturbed northern peatlands are small but persistent carbon sinks in the future; thus, it is important to protect these ecosystems.
Osthole‐loaded N‐octyl‐O‐sulfonyl chitosan micelles (NSC‐OST) inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in rats
Authors: Wang Lining , Zheng Suyang , Huang Guicheng , Sun Jie , Pan Yalan , Si Yuhao , Tu Pengcheng , Xu Guihua , Ma Yong , Guo Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOsthole (OST), a derivative of Fructus Cnidii, has been proved to have potential anti‐osteoporosis effects in our recent studies. However, its pharmacological effects are limited in the human body because of poor solubility and bioavailability. Under the guidance of the classical theory of Chinese medicine, Osthole‐loaded N‐octyl‐O‐sulfonyl chitosan micelles (NSC‐OST), which has not previously been reported in the literature, was synthesized in order to overcome the defects and obtain better efficacy. In this study, we found that NSC‐OST inhibited on the formation and resorption activity of osteoclasts through using a bone marrow macrophage (BMM)‐derived osteoclast culture system in vitro, rather than affecting the viability of cells. We also found that NSC‐OST inhibited osteoclast formation, hydroxyapatite resorption and RANKL‐induced osteoclast marker protein expression. In terms of mechanism, NSC‐OST suppressed the NFATc1 transcriptional activity and the activation of NF‐κB signalling pathway. In vivo, ovariectomized (OVX) rat models were established for further research. We found that NSC‐OST can attenuate bone loss in OVX rats through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Consistent with our hypothesis, NSC‐OST is more effective than OST in parts of the results. Taken together, our findings suggest that NSC‐OST can suppress RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in rats and could be considered a safe and more effective anti‐osteoporosis drug than OST.
Surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma: a case series on factors influencing the risk of an incomplete primary excision
Authors: Kappelin J. , Nielsen K. , Nilsson F. , Bjellerup M. , Ahnlide I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer form, and one first‐line treatment is surgical excision. Complete excision is vital to minimize risk of recurrence. Studies on occurrence of incomplete excisions have given diverse results and seldom include large populations from a dermatological setting.ObjectivesThe rate of positive surgical margins in primary surgery of BCC at a tertiary dermatology clinic is studied. Factors associated with an incomplete primary excision are analysed.MethodsPatients scheduled for standard excision, without perioperative margin control, of BCC during the years 2008–2015 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Tumour‐specific factors, including histopathologic subtype, as well as postoperative outcome were registered. Incomplete excisions were analysed in relation to patient‐ and tumour‐related factors.ResultsIn total, 4.6% of 3911 BCC tumours were incompletely excised. The rate of incomplete excisions was higher for facial tumours and among tumours with an aggressive histological subtype. Morpheiform BCC on the nose or ear had the highest rate of an incomplete excision, 61.5% and 50%, respectively.ConclusionsMost BCCs, irrespective of subtype, were completely excised during the primary excision. Tumour sites nose and ears were associated with the highest rate of positive primary surgical margins, especially for infiltrative or morpheiform BCCs. Surgery with perioperative examination of margins is strongly recommended for these tumours.