bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complexity of genomic mutation dictates the prognosis of acute leukemia with ambiguous lineage
Authors: Huang Jin , Xiao Min , Zhou Jing , Mao Xia , Zhu Li , Liu Songya , Li Qinlu , Wang Jin , Zhou Jianfeng , Cai Haodong , Wang Gaoxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Acute leukemia with ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is a rare and heterogeneous group of highly aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcome, limited molecular characterization and lack of general therapeutic recommendations.
Results

In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 1635 acute leukemia cases in our center from January 2012 to June 2018.The diagnose of ALAL was based on either EGIL or 2016 WHO criteria. Totally, 39 patients were included in this study and 30 patients satisfied the WHO criteria. Four patients diagnosed as acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) by both classification systems. Genetic analysis showed that mutations detected in bi-phenotypic acute leukemia enriched in genes related to genomic stability and transcriptional regulation; while AUL cases frequently mutated in genes involved in signaling pathway. Survival analysis of all patients included suggested that the prognosis of ALAL was independent of immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype, treatment, but significantly associated with the mutation complexity, also termed numbers of the mutations carried by each patient (Log rank p = 0.009 for progression-free survival [PFS] and Log rank p = 0.047 for overall survival [OS], respectively). Similar results were obtained when the WHO diagnostic system were applied. Among these patients, those excluded by WHO criteria had even worse clinical outcome than the patients included (Log rank p = 0.023 for PFS and Log rank p = 0.031 for OS).
Conclusions

Collectively, the complexity of genomic mutation of ALAL patients seems significantly related to the clinical outcomes. The rationality and clinical applicability of the diagnostic criteria of WHO system need to be evaluated by more large-scale clinical studies.
WITHDRAWN: Re-Investigation of Institutional Quality and Ecological Footprint: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Muzzammil , Yousaf Hira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The discourse on the environment and growth nexus has been an important research agenda. However, the debate on the role of institutional quality (IQ) in environmental degradation is not adequate. Unlike others, this study examines the asymmetric effect of IQ towards ecological footprint (EF) from 1984 to 2014 in Pakistan. The non-linear autoregressive distributive lag model revealed that positive shocks are negatively effecting EF and negative shocks are positively effecting EF. Our findings suggest that a better IQ is substantially reducing EF, whereas energy consumption and economic growth are increasing EF. The study has robust policy implications.
Treatment by Low-Dose Brain Radiation Therapy Improves Memory Performances without Changes of the Amyloid Load in the TgF344-AD Rat Model.
Authors: Ceyzériat Kelly , Zilli Thomas , Fall Aida B. , Millet Philippe , Koutsouvelis Nikolaos , Dipasquale Giovanna , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Tournier Benjamin B. , Garibotto Valentina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting memory performance. This pathology is characterized by intracerebral amyloid plaques and tau tangles coupled with neuroinflammation. During the last century, numerous therapeutic trials, targeting amyloid, tau or neuroinflammation, unfortunately failed. Development of new therapeutic approaches for AD is eagerly awaited. In this study, we propose to test the use of low-dose brain radiotherapy (LD-RT). LD-RT showed efficacy to reduce amyloid load in patients with peripheral pathologies and also presents anti-inflammatory effects in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, previous evidence showed an effect on amyloid load, memory performance and modulation of the immune response in AD mice. Methods. The hemi-brain of 14-15 months old TgF344-AD rats was irradiated with two LD-RT schedules (5 fractions of 2 Gy, delivered weekly or daily). Rats underwent behavioral tests to assess memory and general locomotion, before and/or 4 months post treatment. LD-RT impact on amyloid and neuroinflammation was measured using immunohistology.Results. An improvement of spatial working memory was observed in the daily treated group but not in animals treated weekly. On the other hand, both LD-RT schedules were unable to impact amyloid load. An increase of astrocyte reactivity was observed in TgAD groups compared to wild-type animals but LD-RT did not impact it. The weekly treatment increased CD68+ microglial density in the molecular layer of the hippocampus but no effect was observed with the daily treatment. One major limitation of this study was the already well-established amyloid pathology, which was probably too advanced to observe a potential decrease. Nevertheless, we observed a memory improvement, the main cognitive symptoms of AD, after daily treatment, offering encouraging data to further evaluate the LD-RT therapeutic potential. Conclusions. This study showed a biological effect of LD-RT in an AD rat model on memory performance (after daily treatment) and microglial density (after weekly treatment). The lack of effect of both regimens on amyloid pathology, unexpected, was possibly due to the advanced pathology of our animals. The positive effect on cognition encourages to further evaluate the LD-RT therapeutic potential at an earlier AD stage.
Assessing the sustainability of yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) harvest in northeastern Argentina
Authors: Camera Bruno , Stüssmann Christine , Quintana Itxaso , Waller Tomás , Barros Mariano , Draque Juan , Mucucci Patrício , Miranda Everton 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sustainable wildlife management is required to guarantee source species viability; however, it is practiced rarely in the tropics. The yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) has a long history of being harvested for its leather. Since 2002 its harvest has operated under a management program in northeastern Argentina, which relies on adaptive management through limiting the minimum anaconda length, number of hunters and restricting the hunting season. We investigated the effects of the anaconda harvest on its biological parameters based on 2002-2016 data. Here we show that the levels of species exploitation are sustainable. The gradual reduction in the annual hunting effort, due to a decrease in number of hunters and hunting season duration, reduced the total number of anacondas harvested. Conversely, captures per unit effort increased across the study time-period. There was no variation in the mean length of anacondas harvested, or in largest anaconda sizes. Though more females than males were caught, the sex ratio did not vary significantly. We also found that a decrease in mean temperature positively influenced anaconda harvest and the captures of giant individuals. Because sustainable use is a powerful tool for conservation, those discoveries are highly applicable to other species and regions.
Phase II&nbsp;Trial of Humanized Anti-Lewis&nbsp;Y Monoclonal Antibody for Advanced Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer That Progressed on Previous Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Testa Laura , Mano Max , Arai Roberto Jun , Bonadio Renata Colombo , Serrano Sergio V. , Zorzetto Marina M. Costa , Crocamo Susanne , Smaletz Oren , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Hoff Paulo M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Lewis Y antigen is expressed in 44 to 90% of breast cancer. The expression of the antigen in carcinoma tissue is different from what occurs in normal tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of the humanized anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody, hu3S193, in advanced hormone receptor-positive and Lewis Y-positive breast cancer, after progression on endocrine therapy.Methods: A single-arm phase II study was conducted in 7 centers. Patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who had failed previous first-line endocrine therapy were included. All patients were required to present tumoral expression of Lewis Y antigen by immunohistochemistry. Treatment consisted of hu3S193 antibody at intravenous doses of 20 mg/m2 weekly given at 8-week cycles. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate. Results: The study stopped accrual after an unplanned interim analysis since the hu3S193 antibody lacked sufficient activity to justify the study continuation. Twenty-two patients were enrolled; 21 were included in the efficacy analysis. The clinical benefit rate was 19%, with four patients presenting stable disease confirmed after 24 weeks. One patient received the medication for more than 2 years, with prolonged stable disease. No partial or complete responses were observed. Median time to progression and overall survival were 5.4 and 37.5 months, respectively. Conclusions: The humanized anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody, hu3S193, showed insufficient activity in this cohort. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of activity in a more strictly selected subgroup of patients with higher levels of Lewis Y tumoral expression.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01370239. Registered 9 June 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01370239
FPR2&nbsp;Participates in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Progression Through RhoA&nbsp;Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization: An Invitro Experimental Study
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , He Juan , Liu Yaqiong , Chen Weiwei , Shi Kun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In our previous study, we found Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) promoted the invasion and metastasis of EOC and it could be a prognostic marker for EOC. In this study, we aimed to study the possible mechanism of FPR2 in promoting EOC progression.Methods: The FPR2 ectopic expression and knockdown EOC cell lines as well as their control cell lines were established and the expression change of RhoA in each cell lines was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western-blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to detect the migrational ability of EOCs that affected by FPR2 and RhoA. The supernatant of each EOC cell lines were used to co-culture with the macrophages, and tested the M1 and M2 macrophges biomarkers by flow cytometry. THP-1 cell line was also indcued to differentiated to M1 and M2 macrophages, FPR2 and RhoA expression in each macrophage cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western-blot. Results: RhoA expression was significantly increased in EOCs along with the overexpression of FPR2, which showed a positive correlation by Pearson correlation analysis. FPR2 ectopic expression would contribute to the migrational ability of EOCs, and RhoA inhibitor (C3 transferase) would impare EOCs migration. Furthermore, FPR2 stimulated the secretion of Th2 cytokines by EOCs, which induced macrophages differentiate to M2 phenotype, while RhoA inhibitor stimulate the secretion of Th1 cytokines and induce macrophages differentiate to M1 phenotype. Moreover, compared with M1 macrophages and THP-1 cells, FPR2 and RhoA expression were significantly up-regulated in M2 macrophages.Conclusion: FPR2 stimulated M2 macrophage polarization and promote invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through RhoA.
Geraniin Suppresses the Expression of Cathepsin K in Osteoclasts
Authors: Zhang Xiaochao , Guang Liu , He Bo , Liu Tao , Yang Yuan , Shen Zhiqiang , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cathepsin K (CatK) plays a critical role in osteoclast-induced bone degradation, and it may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis treatment. In our previous experiments, geraniin was reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects against OVX-induced rat osteoporosis and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in vitro. However, it is not known whether geraniin exhibits an inhibitory effect on CatK expression in vitro. Method: In the present study, we investigated the effect of geraniin on the mRNA and protein expression of CatK in the primary osteoclasts isolated from rats. These cells were treated with different concentrations of geraniin, and the mRNA and proteins of CatK were quantified by in situ hybridization assay and immunocytochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that different concentrations of geraniin (10-9 to 10-7 mol/L) significantly decreased the values of integral optical density and mean optical density of CatK mRNA and protein expression in positive cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Moreover, similar results were observed between 10-7 mol/L geraniin and 10-6 mol/L E-64. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that geraniin can decrease the expression of CatK in osteoclasts. It may be a novel and potential CatK inhibitor came from natural plant. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, it may be used to treat osteoporosis in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Transdermal Delivery of Rhizoma Coptidis and Evodia Rutaecarpa: The Effects of Enhancers on Permeation Across SD&nbsp;Mouse Skin
Authors: Guan Yu yao , Liu Xue mei , Zheng Lei , Yang Jing , Ren Ji bo , Song Chao , Zhang Xiao li , Zhang Jin qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral ulceration is a common, painful condition of uncertain aetiology. Traditional Chinese medicine has good effect. One kind of treatment method is to use rhizoma coptidis, evodia rutaecarpa powder 10g each mixed with vinegar to paste in the foot springs point. The purpose of this study is to convert this prescription into a corresponding preparation for everyone's convenience. Methods: The enhancement effect of a series of different concentrations of fat-soluble azone, water-soluble azone, dimethyl sulfoxides, acetic acid, on the skin permeability of rhizoma coptidis, evodia rutaecarpa powder was studied in vitro by using Franz diffusion cells and SD mouse skin. The concentrations of the main components palmatine hydrochloride, berberine hydrochloride, evodiamine, rutacarpine in the preparation were determined by an HPLC method. Results: The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-8% w/w water-soluble azone, 8% w/w fat-soluble azone never increased palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride flux with respect to the control preparation. The enhancing effects of 45% acetic acid, 1% water-soluble azone and 5% fat-soluble azone were evident on the palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride permeability. The target substances evodiamine and rutacarpine were not detected in the receiving solution, and there were residues in the skin, respectively. The amount of evodiamine and rutacarpine residued in the skin obtained from formulations including 45% w/w acetic acid or 5% w/w fat-soluble azone were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that obtained from the blank control formulation. Conclusions: The experimental results revealed that 5% fat-soluble azone transdermal agent has the optimal performance in the rhizoma coptidis, evodia rutaecarpa preparation.
Mapping the FACT-G to EQ-5D Utility Index in Cancer: Data From a Cross-sectional Study in China
Authors: He ZhiKui , Yang Li , Liang WenJie , Xu WenJia , Huang WenXiu , Wang XiaoMin , Huang KaiYong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a function for mapping the cancer-specific instrument (FACT–G) to a preference-based measure (EQ-5D-3L) utility index for HRQoL, in which the utility scores were generated using the Chinese value set.MethodThe data are based on a cross-sectional survey of 243 patients in China with different cancer types. Cancer patients who completed the EQ-5D-3 L and the FACT-G questionnaire, and patient demographics and clinical characteristics were included in this study. Regression models were used to predict the EQ-5D-3L utility index values based on four subscale scores of the FACT-G using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model, generalized linear models (GLM), censored least absolute deviations (CLAD), Tobit model, and two-part model (TPM) regression approaches. The performance and predictive power of each model were also evaluated using r2 and adj- r2, mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE).ResultsThe introduction of the square term and the interaction term improves the accuracy of the model. The social well-being subscale of the FACT-G was not associated with the EQ-5D-3L utility index, whereas, the physical, emotional, functional well-being, and FACT-G total scores were derived when mapping the FACT-G to the EQ-5D-3L utility index. For the FACT-G, the OLS model was the best at predicting mean EQ-5D-3L values among all the regression models and has 70% explanatory power for the observed EQ-5D-3L variation. Nevertheless, the OLS model overpredicted utilities for poorer health states and underestimated utilities for those with better health. The result of the OLS model, GLM, and CLAD models were similar to the MAE, MSE, and RMSE.ConclusionThe algorithm based on Chinese population development for mapping the FACT-G into the EQ-5D-3L utility index can be realized. We also recommend that OLS models be used to assess the economic evaluation of patients' health-related quality of life when the population is in moderate to good health for further cost-utility analysis in China.
Some aspects of the process development forecast
the spread of COVID 19 infection.
Authors: Kotelnikov Valeri , Krasilnikov Michail , Ryazanova Elena , Chysyma Rosa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The world community is experiencing a pandemic of the COVID-19 virus and is looking for ways to solve the problems that have arisen due the spread of a new infection. The Tuvinian Institute for the Exploration of Natural Resources of the SB RAS does not stand aside from important work to combat the spread of the virus. We tried to analyze the available data for the Republic of Tuva, Russia and the world. In this work, we used data from the sites of stopcoronavirus.rf, worldometers.info, Yandex.com and others. For successful control of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to take preventive measures as early as possible and prepare medical institutions to combat the spread of the virus, which can be ensured by analyzing the previous development of the process and building a model for planning. The analysis is carried out using the mathematical apparatus of the normal distribution (Gauss), which, in our opinion, most closely describes the laws of the process.
Genome wide identification, characterization and expression profiles of heavy metal ATPase3 (HMA3) in plants
Authors: Kabir Ahmad , Das Urmi , Haque AFM , Dutta Amit , Gohari Gholamreza , Reza Md 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
HMA (heavy metal associated) is a member of the ATPases protein family involved in metal transport in plants. This study characterizes several HMA3 homologs and infers their molecular functions in different plant species. Arabidopsis AtHMA3 (AT4G30120) was used as a reference to retrieve 11 HMA3 homologs having 97-100% query cover, 535-542 residues, 56983 to 58642 (Da) molecular weight, and 5.74 to 8.16 pI value, 29.10 to 33.89 instability index, and 0.222 to 0.380 grand average of hydropathicity. Topological analyses showed 4 transmembrane domains in these HMA3 homologs positioned similarly in terms of cytoplasmic and non-cytoplasmic regions along with ~22-28% 𝛼-helices, ~22-28% extended strands, and ~50% random coils. HMA3 protein of Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata and Eutrema salsugineum are located at chromosome 2, while others are positioned at chromosome 4. All these HMA3 homologs are localized in the plasma membrane sharing a few common biological and molecular functions. Besides, these HMA3 genes contain 8-9 exons in which promoter positions are varied among the homologs. The cis-acting elements of HMA3 genes were projected to be involved with stress response, anaerobic induction, and light responsive regulation in plants. Three out of five motifs encode E1-E2_ATPase involved in proton-pumping in the plasma membrane. The Arabidopsis thaliana HMA3 protein clustered with Camelina sativa and Capsella rubella show a close phylogenetic relationship. Also, AtHMA3 exhibits a close association with AtHMA3 with MTPA2, ZAT, NRAMP3, IRT2, and NRAMP2 under the local network of AtHMA3 linked to metal transport. Further, AtHMA3 is most potentially expressed during senescence, germinating seed, seedlings, young rosette, bolting, and young flower. In addition, AtHMA3 showed a significant upregulation (>6.0 fold) under Fe-deficiency. These findings may provide essential background to perform wet-lab experiments to understand the role of HMA3 in metal homeostasis.
A Decomposition of Differences in Concentration Indices: With an Application to Socio-economic Inequality in Over-nutrition in India
Authors: Aizawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This paper proposes a new semi-parametric method to decompose the differences between two concentration indices. Statistical property of copulas is used to model dependence between health and socioeconomic status. The proposed methods are applied to differences in socio-economic inequality in over-nutrition between rural and urban areas in India, along with existing decomposition Methods: Taking advantage of the statistical property of copulas, we first decompose the observed differences into the part which is due to the differences in the dependence structures (the dependence effect) and the other part due to the differences in the marginal distributions of health (the health effect). Next, we decompose both effects further into parts explained by differences in the covariates in the model and the part that cannot be explained by them.﻿Results: The results show that the difference in the proportion of Hindus and the proportion of households that use safe cooking fuel contribute the most to the observed differences. Conclusions: Comparison among different approaches suggests that the identifying assumptions play substantial roles in the decomposition analysis.
Interaction of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index and Race on Hypertension Prevalence in the American Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Zhenhong , Wang Qiuzhen , Zhang Tao , Zhao Enhui , Ding Shihan , Kang Xiao , Zhang Wenwen , Liu Bingkun , Liu Haoran , Cheng Anlan , Li Guoju 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases and mortality. We carried out this study aimed to investigate the possible effects of the interaction of sex, age, BMI and race on the prevalence of hypertension. Methods: By using the data of a sample-adjusted 2656 women and 2515 men in the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016, we analyzed the interaction of sex, age, BMI and race by logistic regression. Hypertension was defined as an SBP ≥130 mmHg or DBP ≥80 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication. Results: Totally, there were 2776 (53.68%) hypertensive patients. Interactions were found between sex and age, BMI and age, race and age. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for age 60-80 (aOR 19.26 [95% CI 14.14–26.23]) and 40 to 59 (4.56 [3.54–5.88]) were signiﬁcantly higher than the reference group (age 20 to 39) in women, and also in men (6.44 [4.80–8.63]) and (2.84[2.23–3.61]), respectively. And this risk trend was consistent in the BMI group and the race group. Conclusion: Association between obesity and the risk of hypertension varies according to the age and race of the population and age had a stronger effect on hypertension in women than in men. Differences in age and race should be considered when providing corresponding antihypertensive measures. Although the exact mechanism of hypertension remains to be further studied, these findings suggested that early prevention and intervention measures can effectively reduce the risk of hypertension, especially in women.