bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and experiences of trauma in emerging adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors: Silveira Renato , Eleti Sainath , Saruchera Emily , Mwamuka Rukudzo , Whitwell Susannah , Abas Melanie A. , Jack Helen E. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Little is known about the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emerging adults living with HIV in low-income countries.

Aims
Determine prevalence of trauma exposure, prevalence of probable PTSD and conditional prevalence of probable PTSD for different traumatic events; and better understand the experiences of individuals with HIV and PTSD.

Method
This mixed method study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of people (N = 222) aged 18 to 29 living with HIV in Zimbabwe and primary qualitative data collection. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) were used to measure PTSD and exposure to traumatic events, both translated to Shona. In-depth interviews (n = 8) with participants who met the criteria for probable PTSD were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
In all, 68.3% [95% CI (61.4–74.1)] of participants reported exposure to at least one traumatic event. The observed prevalence of probable PTSD was 8.6% [95% CI (5.2–13.0)], most observed following exposure to fire or explosion 29.0% [95% CI (13.0–45.0)] and sexual assault 27.8% [95% CI (7.2–48.7)]. Probable PTSD was also more prevalent following multiple exposure to trauma; four and six events, N = 4 (21%) [95% CI (5.1–8.8)] each, two and three events N = 3 (15.7%) [95% CI (5.9–9.2)] each, and five events N = 1 (5.4%) [95% CI (7.5–9.6)]. Qualitative results indicated that HIV stigma exacerbated psychological distress from trauma.

Conclusions
Despite trauma exposure being common, prevalence of probable PTSD was not high, but was higher in those with multiple exposures. Participants described coping strategies, including social support and religious thinking.
Chemotactile perception and associative learning of amino acids in yellowjacket workers
Authors: Mattiacci Analía , Pietrantuono Ana Laura , Corley Juan C. , Masciocchi Maité 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Learning and memory are fundamental processes, influencing animal foraging behaviour and fitness success. Evaluating food nutritional quality, particularly of proteins and essential amino acids, involves complex sensory mechanisms. While olfactory cues have been extensively studied, less is known about proteinaceous chemoreception, especially in invertebrates. Vespula germanica, a globally invasive social wasp species, relies heavily on foraging efficiency and nutritional assessment for colony success. Previous studies have highlighted their associative learning abilities in natural settings, but their cognitive capabilities under laboratory conditions still need to be explored. We investigated the perceptual and learning abilities of V. germanica concerning amino acids using a maxilla–labium extension response (MaLER) conditioning protocol. We aimed to determine whether these wasps can (1) perceive specific amino acids through antennal chemoreception, (2) perform associative learning with amino acids, (3) discriminate between stimuli of varying molecular and nutritional profiles, and (4) generalize among similar stimuli. Our results suggest that V. germanica can detect free amino acids and exhibit associative learning toward them. They can discriminate between amino acids with different profiles and do not generalize among similar compounds. These findings indicate that V. germanica foragers can qualitatively evaluate amino acid solutions, which translates into a natural ability to discern and learn from food sources with varying nutritional qualities. This knowledge could enhance management strategies for this invasive species, which rely on poisoned beef-based baits. Understanding the sensory and cognitive capabilities of V. germanica provides a foundation for developing more effective control methods.
Taurine efflux counters the hydrodynamic impact of anaerobic metabolism to protect cardiorespiratory function under acute thermal stress in brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: El Nir , Christjansen Mathilde H. , Smallwood Ellie C. , LaHay Megan E. , McGaw Samuel P. , Pabody Claire M. , MacCormack Tyson J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Upper thermal tolerance may be limited by convective oxygen transport in fish, but the mechanisms constraining heart function remain elusive. The activation of anaerobic metabolism imposes an osmotic stress on cardiomyocytes at high temperatures that must be countered to prevent swelling and cardiac dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac taurine efflux is required to counter the osmotic impact of anaerobic end product accumulation in brook char, Salvelinus fontinalis. Fish were fed a diet enriched in β-alanine, a competitive inhibitor of the taurine transporter, to induce taurine deficiency and inhibit transporter function. In vivo, stroke volume increased by 60% and cardiac output doubled in control fish during a 2°C h−1 thermal ramp. Stroke volume was temperature insensitive in taurine-deficient (TD) fish, so cardiac output was 30% lower at high temperatures. The thermal sensitivity of aerobic metabolism did not differ, and lactate accumulated to a similar degree in the two diet treatment groups, indicating that taurine deficiency does not impact energy metabolism. Heart taurine efflux was absent and ventricular muscle osmolality was 40 mOsmol kg−1 higher in TD brook char following thermal stress. Swelling and decreased ventricular compliance likely impair diastolic filling to constrain stroke volume in TD fish. The adrenaline sensitivity of cardiac contractility and the regulation of intracellular pH in the brain and liver were also impacted in TD brook char. Taurine efflux appears necessary to counteract the hydrodynamic impact of activating anaerobic metabolism and this process may limit heart function under acute thermal stress.
Association between job satisfaction, work engagement and psychological distress among nurses in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed , Qawasmeh Khaled Al , Shamisi Shaikha Al , Mahmoud Samah Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims The quality of nurses' work is integral to the success of healthcare systems. Job satisfaction and work engagement contribute to nurses' ability to be efficient and effective. The nature of their work means that nurses are likely to experience psychological distress, which might affect their job satisfaction and work engagement. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological distress experienced by nurses at work, job satisfaction and work engagement in the United Arab Emirates. Methods An online, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted from August–December 2022. Work engagement was assessed using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, while stress, anxiety and depression were measured using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha and multiple regression analysis, all performed using IBM SPSS version 27. Results The study recruited a total of 316 nurses. The mean job satisfaction score was 15.17±2.89 (moderately satisfied) and the mean work engagement score was 4.67±1.03 (highly engaged). A significant positive correlation was found between job satisfaction and work engagement. Prevalence rates for stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia were 11%, 35.5%, 31.6% and 49.4% respectively. Both job satisfaction and work engagement were negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia. The regression model explained 57.2% of job satisfaction variance and 54.0% of work engagement variance. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of job satisfaction and work engagement in reducing psychological distress among nurses. Further interventions to enhance these factors may improve mental health outcomes in this population.
Asymptomatic carriage of intestinal protists is common in children in Lusaka Province, Zambia
Authors: Mutengo Mable , Kaduková Michaela , Mulunda Namwiinga R. , Chabala Freeman W. , Dashti Alejandro , Hayashida Kyoko , Chinyanta Stanley , Chisanga Kelly , Castro Lourdes , Sánchez Sergio , Mwansa James , Köster Pamela C. , González-Barrio David , Maloney Jenny G. , Santín Mónica , Sotillo Javier , Carmena David 
Published: December 2024

Background
PCR-based screenings on the presence of diarrhoea-causing intestinal protist species are limited in Zambia, resulting in inaccurate current prevalence and epidemiological data. Sensitive PCR-based methods are particularly well suited for detecting subclinical infections in apparently healthy carriers.

Methodology
In this prospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the occurrence of the most common intestinal protists in an apparently healthy paediatric population (5–18 years) in Lusaka Province, Zambia. We collected single stool samples (n = 256) and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics, behavioural habits, drinking water and toilet access from participating children. We used PCR for the initial screening of samples for the presence of intestinal protist species and Sanger and next-generation sequencing for genotyping. We conducted statistical analyses to assess the association of the gathered variables with an increased likelihood of the investigated pathogens.

Principal findings
Blastocystis sp. was the most prevalent intestinal protist found (37.9%, 97/256; 95% CI: 31.9–44.1), followed by Giardia duodenalis (30.9%, 79/256; 95% CI: 25.3–36.90), Entamoeba dispar (13.3%, 34/256; 95% CI: 9.4–18.1), and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.3%, 11/256, 95% CI: 2.2–7.6). Entamoeba histolytica was not detected. Based on Sanger sequencing results, subtypes ST2 (44.3%, 43/97), ST1 (35.1%, 34/97), and ST3 (20.6%, 20/97) were identified within Blastocystis sp. and assemblages B (71.0%), A+B (16.1%), and A (12.9%) within G. duodenalis. Cryptosporidium parvum (81.8%) and C. hominis (18.2%) were the only two Cryptosporidium species found. Living in the Kafue District was positively associated with higher infection rates by G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. Schoolchildren living in Chongwe District were more likely to be infected by Cryptosporidium spp.

Conclusions/Significance
Intestinal protist infection/colonization is a common finding in apparently healthy children in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Asymptomatic carriers may play an underestimated role as spreaders of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. This study improves our current understanding of the epidemiology of diarrhoea-causing protists in Zambia and sub-Saharan Africa and indicates that the role of asymptomatic carriers of gastrointestinal parasites in transmission should be further explored.
Evaluation of the performance of a qPCR-based assay for HIV-1 viral load determination
Authors: Lin Bin , Han Chao , Li Jin-Hai , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2024

Objective
According to the YY/T 1182–2010 standard of the People’s Republic of China on nucleic acid amplification test reagents (kits) for medical industry, the accuracy, precision, linear range, and analytic sensitivity of HIV-1 standardized quality control products should be assessed. The Geneway HIV-1 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit from China has been successfully registered with the National Medical Products Administration. Here, we aimed to assess for the first time its detection performance.

Methods
The accuracy, precision, analytic sensitivity, and linearity of the Geneway HIV-1 nucleic acid quantification test kit were analyzed using a series of diluted standard control samples of HIV-1 negative plasma. Clinical plasma samples were collected from 163 HIV-infected patients and 38 HIV-negative patients. The detection performance of the Geneway assay was compared with that of the US FDA-approved COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman® HIV-1 test (Roche), version 2.0, for viral load (VL) monitoring.

Results
The absolute deviation of the assay between the logarithm of the measured concentration and the logarithm of the expected concentration did not exceed ±0.5 logarithmic units. All coefficients of variation (CV%) for the assays were within 5%, indicating good precision in the detection. The linearity of quantitation was excellent (r = 0.999). Overall agreement was observed in 198 of the 201 specimens (98.51%), with a kappa value of 0.953. Bland-Altman analysis revealed an average difference of 0.030 between the two assays, with 95.95% (142/148) of the differences falling within the 95% confidence limits of agreement (−0.50, 0.56). Linear regression results demonstrated a strong linear correlation between the two assays, with a high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.980) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.960, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The Geneway HIV-1 VL assay demonstrated excellent accuracy, precision, analytic sensitivity, and linearity. Compared to the Roche assay, the Geneway assay showed good performance for HIV-1 VL detection, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Passivity-Based Model-Predictive Control for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Garcés-Ruiz Alejandro , Gil González Walter Julián 
Published: December 2024

Context: This study focuses on advanced control techniques for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), which are crucial in various industrial applications due to their efficiency and precise control requirements. Passivity-based control methods offer stability and performance, addressing these challenges effectively.
Method: A passivity-based model predictive control (MPC) is proposed, integrating port-Hamiltonian representation with optimization. Stability theorems are theoretically explored. The simulation evaluates the performance of our proposal under different prediction horizons and stability constraints.
Results: The proposed MPC is analyzed across several horizons, both including and excluding passivity and exponential stability constraints.
Conclusions: This study presents a novel passivity-based MPC approach for PMSM speed regulation, highlighting the importance of stability constraints. Future research should extend this controller to synchronous machines in power systems and voltage source converters.
Eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammation in conjunction with high‐altitude decompression in adults
Authors: Gottschalk Frode , Gennser Mikael , Günther Mattias , Eiken Ola , Elia Antonis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) and inflammation on high‐altitude‐induced venous gas emboli (VGE). Subjects were exposed to an altitude of 24,000 ft. for 90 min, with either prior eccentric exercise (ECC) or no exercise (Control) 24 h before. Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0), before (T1), and after (T2) altitude exposures. VGE load was evaluated using the Eftedal‐Brubakk (ΕΒ) scale. Creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin were used to assess muscle damage, while interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen were used to evaluate inflammation. ECC showed higher EB‐scores during altitude exposures [median(range), 3(0–5)] than Control [1(0–4), p = 0.019]. Increases in myoglobin (+35%, p = 0.012), CK (+130%, p < 0.001), IL‐6 (+72%, p = 0.02), and CRP (+63%, p = 0.004) were observed from T0 to T1 in ECC, but not Control. Significantly higher levels of myoglobin (p = 0.033), CK (p < 0.001), IL‐6 (p = 0.016), and CRP (p = 0.002) were noted in the ECC compared to Control at T1. IL‐6 increased from T1 to T2 in ECC (p = 0.005), with higher levels than Control at T2 (p = 0.046). A correlation was found between EB‐scores and T1 myoglobin levels (rs = 0.450; p = 0.004), and to T1‐T2 IL‐6 changes (rs = 0.396; p = 0.037). Eccentric EIMD followed by inflammation is associated with a higher decompression strain, with VGE load aggravating systemic inflammation.
Periodic measures of fractional stochastic discrete wave equations with nonlinear noise
Authors: Li Xintao , She Lianbing , Yao Jingjing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The primary focus of this work lies in the exploration of the limiting dynamics governing fractional stochastic discrete wave equations with nonlinear noise. First, we establish the well-posedness of solutions to these stochastic equations and subsequently demonstrate the existence of periodic measures for the considered equations.
Just-in-time updated DBN BOF steel-making soft sensor model based on dense connectivity of key features
Authors: Lu Zongxu , Liu Hui , Chen FuGang , Li Heng , Xue XiaoJun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the high-dimensional nonlinear nature of the BOF steelmaking production process data, although the ability of deep learning to extract abstract information is more prominent, it faces the challenge of low correlation between the extracted features and labels, and the static model cannot be applied to the forecasting requirements under changing working conditions. In order to enable deep learning to cope with these problems and maintain good prediction performance, this chapter proposes a Deep Belief Network (DBN) feature extraction model based on dense connectivity of key features. First, the key features are selected by feature importance judgment and redundancy judgment, and the selected key features are passed layer-by-layer through a densely connected structure. Second, a deep feature extraction network is formed by stacking layers to improve the feature extraction capability of the network. Finally, a Just-in-time learning (JITL) method is proposed to reduce the high-dimensional steelmaking data of the BOF while preserving the data structure by using the stream learning dimensionality reduction method to improve the accuracy of the metrics in the JITL process, so that the online fine-tuned model can be applied to the forecasting requirements under different working conditions. According to the actual BOF steel production process data, the prediction accuracy of the terminal carbon content reached 82.0% within the error range of ±0.02%, and the prediction accuracy of the temperature reached 80.0% within the error range of ±10°C.
Unlocking the potential: integrating phytoconstituents and nanotechnology in skin cancer therapy – A comprehensive review
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Sharma Ajay , Marrisetti Arya Lakshmi , Kumar Manish , Rochani Ankit , Kaushik Deepak , Mittal Vineet , Jyothi S. Renuka , Ali Haider , Hussain Md Sadique , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Skin carcinoma, which includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, is influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, chemical exposures, immune system imbalances, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This review delves into the mechanisms behind the development of these cancers, exploring the therapeutic potential of microbial, plant derived compounds and nanoparticles in advancing skin cancer treatments. Special attention is given to the cytotoxic effects of anti-neoplastic agents from microbial sources on different cancer cell lines, particularly melanoma. Additionally, the review highlights the role of phytochemicals – such as quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin alongside vitamins, terpenoids, and sulforaphane, in management of skin cancers through mechanisms like apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including NP and microemulsion formulations, are also discussed for their enhanced ability to specifically target cancer cells. The diverse roles of NPs in skin cancer therapy, especially in terms of targeted drug delivery and immune modulation, are reviewed. These innovative NPs formulations have showed improved skin penetration and tumor-specific delivery, reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced therapeutic effectiveness.
The Turn to Interiority in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Faesen Rob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The spirituality of the Early Modern Period – and especially in the Devotio Moderna and Ignatius of Loyola – is often associated with a turn to “interiority.” The question is then: to what does one turn? The Pro Theologia Mystica Clavis (1640) of Maximilianus Sandaeus offers a useful hermeneutical principle. In his explanations of the nature of interiority, he emphasized that it is fundamentally a “turning to the Other,” to God, which strips the human person of its own images and forms. This “turn inwards” is a response to the initiative of God, who is present in the “ground” of the soul, and is thus more present to the human person than the human person is to himself. This “ground” is not the “self” as such, but the fundamental relationality. Interiority concerns the encounter and the deepening relationship between the human person and God, and thus indirectly the human person as a “person” and not the “self” of the individual. This perspective has older roots, as it can be seen, e.g., in the discussion between Peter Abelard and William of Saint-Thierry in the twelfth century.
The Perils of Freethinking according to George Berkeley (1685–1753)
Authors: Luis-López Alberto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
George Berkeley’s (1685–1753) condemnation of freethinking arose from the social, political, and, above all, moral repercussions that he believed this heterogeneous group was bringing about in British society. In the first part of this paper, I set out the challenges posed by the freethinking movement, drawing extensively on Berkeley’s Alciphron. In the second part, I address both the reasons behind his aversion to freethinking and his response, which involved advocating for the union of Church and state and while rejecting secular governance. This analysis relies primarily on lesser-known works from Berkeley’s socio-political writings. The paper argues that Berkeley’s opposition to freethinkers was driven by his concern for the public good and his belief that the Christian religion, particularly in its Anglican tradition, was the most effective means to achieve it.
Controversy in the Classroom: Jacobus Janssonius (1547–1625) versus Leonardus Lessius on Grace, Free Will and Predestination
Authors: Van den Eede Linde 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present article analyses Jacobus Janssonius’ (1547–1625) theology of grace and free will against the backdrop of the enduring polemics of the Louvain Faculty of Theology with the Jesuit order on grace, free will and predestination. As one of the protagonists in the Faculty’s conflict with Leonardus Lessius, Janssonius was tasked with teaching a lectio publica intended to counter the Jesuits’ optimistic evaluation of human free will. In this ad hoc course, Janssonius discussed the reconciliation of efficacious grace with human free will, a topic he would return to as Regius professor of Sacred Scripture (1598–1616). On the basis of previously unstudied manuscripts – fragments from his 1587 lectio publica and student notes taken during his tenure as Regius professor – I will challenge the traditional portrayal of Janssonius as a watered-down dupe of Michael Baius’ radicalized anti-Pelagian theology. Rather than slavishly transmitting Baianism to his students, Jacobus Janssonius actively incorporated Baius’ pessimistic theological anthropology into a scholastic framework, allowing him to teach an anti-Pelagian theology of grace that respected the boundaries of Gregory XIII’s definitive condemnation of the Roman interpretation of Baianism with Provisionis nostrae (1580).