bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En Plaque Meningiomas: A Narrative Review
Authors: Elder Theresa A. , Yokoi Hana , Chugh A. Jessey , Lagman Carlito , Wu Osmond , Wright Christina Huang , Ray Abhishek , Bambakidis Nicholas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background En plaque meningiomas are a rare subtype of meningiomas that are frequently encountered in the spheno-orbital region. Characterized by a hyperostotic and dural invasive architecture, these tumors present unique diagnostic and treatment considerations.
Objective The authors conduct a narrative literature review of clinical reports of en plaque meningiomas to summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment considerations in treating en plaque meningiomas. Additionally, the authors present a case from their own experience to illustrate its complexity and unique features.
Methods A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database using the following terminology in various combinations: meningioma, meningeal neoplasms, en plaque, skull base, spheno-orbital, and sphenoid wing. Only literature published in English between 1938 and 2018 was reviewed. All case series were specifically reviewed for sufficient data on treatment outcomes, and all literature was analyzed for reports of misdiagnosed cases.
Conclusion En plaque meningiomas may present with a variety of symptoms according to their location and degree of bone invasion, requiring a careful diagnostic and treatment approach. While early and aggressive surgical resection is generally accepted as the optimal goal of treatment, these lesions require an individualized approach, with further investigation needed regarding the role of new therapies.
Statistical reliability analysis for a most dangerous occupation: Roman emperor
Authors: Saleh Joseph Homer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPopular culture associates the lives of Roman emperors with luxury, cruelty, and debauchery, sometimes rightfully so. One missing attribute in this list is, surprisingly, that this mighty office was most dangerous for its holder. Of the 69 rulers of the unified Roman Empire, from Augustus (d. 14 CE) to Theodosius (d. 395 CE), 62% suffered violent death. This has been known for a while, if not quantitatively at least qualitatively. What is not known, however, and has never been examined is the time-to-violent-death of Roman emperors. This work adopts the statistical tools of survival data analysis to an unlikely population, Roman emperors, and it examines a particular event in their rule, not unlike the focus of reliability engineering, but instead of their time-to-failure, their time-to-violent-death. We investigate the temporal signature of this seemingly haphazardous stochastic process that is the violent death of a Roman emperor, and we examine whether there is some structure underlying the randomness in this process or not. Nonparametric and parametric results show that: (i) emperors faced a significantly high risk of violent death in the first year of their rule, which is reminiscent of infant mortality in reliability engineering; (ii) their risk of violent death further increased after 12 years, which is reminiscent of wear-out period in reliability engineering; (iii) their failure rate displayed a bathtub-like curve, similar to that of a host of mechanical engineering items and electronic components. Results also showed that the stochastic process underlying the violent deaths of emperors is remarkably well captured by a (mixture) Weibull distribution. We discuss the interpretation and possible reasons for this uncanny result, and we propose a number of fruitful venues for future work to help better understand the deeper etiology of the spectacle of regicide of Roman emperors.
Development of the method of production of the ultrafine macrohomogeneous composite powder
Authors: Mestvirishvili Zviadi , Kvatchadze Vakhtang , Bairamashvili Irakli , Jalabadze Nikoloz , Mestvirishvili Tornike 
Published: December 2019

A method of ultrafine macro-homogeneous composite powder – B4C–ZrO2 production using a planetary mill was developed. From the macro-homogeneous composite high-density ceramics, B4C–ZrB2 was produced by the method of reactive sintering (in situ) at 2000°C under the pressure of 41–42 MPa. The effect of ZrO2 grain size and of its distribution in the matrix on the consolidation parameters, and the microstructure of the obtained ceramics was studied.
Characteristic analysis of the fermentation and sporulation properties of the traditional sake yeast strain Hiroshima no.6
Authors: Yamasaki Risa , Goshima Tetsuya , Oba Kenji , Isogai Atsuko , Ohdoi Ritsushi , Hirata Dai , Akao Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTGeneral sake yeasts (e.g., Kyokai no.7, K7) show high fermentation ability and low sporulation frequency. Former is related to stress-response defect due to the loss-of-function of MSN4 and RIM15. Later is mainly caused by low IME1 expression, leading to difficulty in breeding and genetic analysis. Sake yeast Hiroshima no.6 (H6), which had been applied for sake fermentation, has sporulation ability. However, its detailed properties have not been unveiled. Here we present that the fermentation ability of H6 is suitable for sake brewing, and the precursor of dimethyl trisulfide in sake from H6 is low. MSN4 but not RIM15 of H6 has the same mutation as K7. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that H6 is closely related to the K7 group. Unlike K7, H6 showed normal sporulation frequency in a partially RIM15-dependent manner, and IME1 in H6 was expressed. H6 possesses excellent properties as a partner strain for breeding by crossing.
Deep-ultraviolet integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices: A prospect of the hybridization of group III–nitrides, III–oxides, and two-dimensional materials
Authors: Alfaraj Nasir , Min Jung-Wook , Kang Chun Hong , Alatawi Abdullah A. , Priante Davide , Subedi Ram Chandra , Tangi Malleswararao , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Progress in the design and fabrication of ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet group III–nitride optoelectronic devices, based on aluminum gallium nitride and boron nitride and their alloys, and the heterogeneous integration with two-dimensional and oxide-based materials is reviewed. We emphasize wide-bandgap nitride compound semiconductors (i.e., (B, Al, Ga)N) as the deep-ultraviolet materials of interest, and two-dimensional materials, namely graphene, two-dimensional boron nitride, and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, along with gallium oxide, as the hybrid integrated materials. We examine their crystallographic properties and elaborate on the challenges that hinder the realization of efficient and reliable ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet devices. In this article we provide an overview of aluminum nitride, sapphire, and gallium oxide as platforms for deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic devices, in which we criticize the status of sapphire as a platform for efficient deep-ultraviolet devices and detail advancements in device growth and fabrication on aluminum nitride and gallium oxide substrates. A critical review of the current status of deep-ultraviolet light emission and detection materials and devices is provided.
Recent progress of SiC UV single photon counting avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Su Linlin , Zhou Dong , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
4H-SiC single photon counting avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) are prior devices for weak ultraviolet (UV) signal detection with the advantages of small size, low leakage current, high avalanche multiplication gain, and high quantum efficiency, which benefit from the large bandgap energy, high carrier drift velocity and excellent physical stability of 4H-SiC semiconductor material. UV detectors are widely used in many key applications, such as missile plume detection, corona discharge, UV astronomy, and biological and chemical agent detection. In this paper, we will describe basic concepts and review recent results on device design, process development, and basic characterizations of 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes. Several promising device structures and uniformity of avalanche multiplication are discussed, which are important for achieving high performance of 4H-SiC UV SPADs.
Hot electron effects on the operation of potential well barrier diodes
Authors: Akura M. , Dunn G. , Missous M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A study has just been carried out on hot electron effects in GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As potential well barrier (PWB) diodes using both Monte Carlo (MC) and drift-diffusion (DD) models of charge transport. We show the operation and behaviour of the diode in terms of electric field, mean electron velocity and potential, mean energy of electrons and Γ-valley population. The MC model predicts lower currents flowing through the diode due to back scattering at anode (collector) and carrier heating at higher bias. At a bias of 1.0 V, the current density obtained from experimental result, MC and DD simulation models are 1.35, 1.12 and 1.77 μA/μm2 respectively. The reduction in current over conventional model, is compensated to a certain extent because less charge settles in the potential well and so the barrier is slightly reduced. The DD model results in higher currents under the same bias and conditions. However, at very low bias specifically, up to 0.3 V without any carrier heating effects, the DD and MC models look pretty similar as experimental results. The significant differences observed in the I–V characteristics of the DD and MC models at higher biases confirm the importance of energy transport when considering these devices.
Selection of DBO measurement wavelength for bottom mark asymmetry based on FDTD method
Authors: Xu Buqing , Wu Qiang , Dong Lisong , Wei Yayi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A physical model for simulating overlay metrology employing diffraction based overlay (DBO) principles is built. It can help to optimize the metrology wavelength selection in DBO. Simulation result of DBO metrology with a model based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented. A common case (bottom mark asymmetry) in which error signals are always induced in DBO measurement due to the process imperfection were discussed. The overlay sensitivity of the DBO measurement across the visible illumination spectrum has been performed and compared. After adjusting the model parameters compatible with the actual measurement conditions, the metrology wavelengths which provide the accuracy and robustness of DBO measurement can be optimized.
Growth properties of gallium oxide on sapphire substrate by plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Hu Congyu , Saito Katsuhiko , Tanaka Tooru , Guo Qixin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gallium oxide was deposited on a c-plane sapphire substrate by oxygen plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD). An oxygen radical was generated by an inductive coupled plasma source and the effect of radio frequency (RF) power on growth rate was investigated. A film grown with plasma assistance showed 2.7 times faster growth rate. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis showed β-Ga2O3 films grown with plasma assistance at 500 °C. The roughness of the films decreased when the RF power of plasma treatment increased. Transmittance of these films was at least 80% and showed sharp absorption edge at 250 nm which was consistent with data previously reported.
A contrivance of 277 nm DUV LD with B0.313Ga0.687N/B0.40Ga0.60N QWs and AlxGa1–xN heterojunction grown on AlN substrate
Authors: Niass Mussaab I. , Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Wang Yifu , Lu Zhengqian , Chen Xue , Qu Yipu , Du Zhongqiu , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an ultraviolet C-band laser diode lasing at 277 nm composed of B0.313Ga0.687N/B0.40Ga0.60N QW/QB heterostructure on Mg and Si-doped Al
x
Ga1–x
N layers was designed, as well as a lowest reported substitutional accepter and donor concentration up to N
A = 5.0 × 1017 cm–3 and N
D = 9.0 × 1016 cm–3 for deep ultraviolet lasing was achieved. The structure was assumed to be grown over bulk AlN substrate and operate under a continuous wave at room temperature. Although there is an emphasizing of the suitability for using boron nitride wide band gap in the deep ultraviolet region, there is still a shortage of investigation about the ternary BGaN in aluminum-rich AlGaN alloys. Based on the simulation, an average local gain in quantum wells of 1946 cm–1, the maximum emitted power of 2.4 W, the threshold current of 500 mA, a slope efficiency of 1.91 W/A as well as an average DC resistance for the V–I curve of (0.336 Ω) had been observed. Along with an investigation regarding different EBL, designs were included with tapered and inverse tapered structure. Therefore, it had been found a good agreement with the published results for tapered EBL design, with an overweighting for a proposed inverse tapered EBL design.
Study of the morphology evolution of AlN grown on nano-patterned sapphire substrate
Authors: Wu Zhuohui , Yan Jianchang , Guo Yanan , Zhang Liang , Lu Yi , Wei Xuecheng , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study focused on the evolution of growth front about AlN growth on nano-patterned sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The substrate with concave cones was fabricated by nano-imprint lithography and wet etching. Two samples with different epitaxy procedures were fabricated, manifesting as two-dimensional growth mode and three-dimensional growth mode, respectively. The results showed that growth temperature deeply influenced the growth modes and thus played a critical role in the coalescence of AlN. At a relatively high temperature, the AlN epilayer was progressively coalescence and the growth mode was two-dimensional. In this case, we found that the inclined semi-polar facets arising in the process of coalescence were

type. But when decreasing the temperature, the

semi-polar facets arose, leading to inverse pyramid morphology and obtaining the three-dimensional growth mode. The 3D inverse pyramid AlN structure could be used for realizing 3D semi-polar UV-LED or facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlN.
Method of stabilizing pulsating gas flows in the intake system of a piston engine with turbocharging
Authors: Plotnikov L V , Zhilkin B P , Brodov Yu M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Piston internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common sources of energy among heat engines. Currently, most ICEs are equipped with a turbocharging system. Thermomechanical perfection of processes in the intake system largely determines the efficiency of engines. This article proposes a method of stabilizing the pulsating flows in the intake system by installing the leveling grid in the output channel of the turbocharger (TC) compressor. Studies were conducted on an experimental setup, which consisted of a single-cylinder engine and turbocharging system. A constant-temperature thermo-anemometer was used to determine the instantaneous values of the air flow rate and the local heat transfer coefficient. It has been established that the presence of a leveling grid in the intake system leads to a decrease in the turbulence number by up to 25% compared with the basic intake system (while maintaining the flow characteristics). It is shown that the installation of a leveling grid in the intake system of the ICE with TC also leads to a decrease in the heat transfer intensity by up to 15 % compared to the base system. The obtained data expands the knowledge base on the thermomechanics of pulsating flows in hydraulic systems of complex configuration.
Development of reference methods of measurements mass (molar) concentration of proteins in the field of physical and chemical analysis of blood
Authors: Griazskikh N Y , Ivanov A V , Muravskaya N P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the development of reference methods for measuring the mass concentration of proteins in blood plasma that would meet modern metrological requirements (high accuracy of reference values, metrological traceability, etc.), which will allow the use of modern high-tech methods of physicochemical analysis.
Special measures of radionuclides activity to metrological support of measurements in radiation control
Authors: Dyachkova V , Zotova M , Tonkih N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The possibilities of FSUE VNIIFTRI for production and calibrating special measures of activity (imitants of radioactive contamination of environmental objects) are presented. A description of the measures of activity with different geometries and materials for the calibration of spectrometric, radiometric and aerosol equipment is given. The importance and practical importance of the production of these imitants is determined by the fact that they are widely used for metrological support of radiometric and spectrometric measuring instruments because it make it possible to calibrate the measuring instruments for conditions that are closest to the real ones, thereby reducing the error of the measurement results.
Development of reference materials with the composition of propyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions
Authors: Piterskikh I A , Vikhrova S V , Rutenberg O L , Kovaleva N G , Barinskaya T O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work the development of RMs of mass concetration of the main components (propanol-1 and propanol-2) in biological objects (urine, blood) are described.
The Role of Distributions and Control Charts in Metrology
Authors: Adler Yu , Polkhovskja T , Filichkina V , Shper V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper it is suggested to change radically the existing metrology paradigm for measurement data analysis, namely to reject from searching the appropriate Distribution Function (DF) and use nonparametric methods for uncertainty estimation in all circumstances. This let to avoid using limiting and unprovable assumptions that lead to invalid conclusions. In the paper it is offered to use Shewhart Control Charts (ShCC) as an indispensable method to monitor the current state of measurement system. And this method does not require any assumptions about specific type of DF.
Capabilities of VNIIIFTRI in the field of measurements of meteorological parameters
Authors: Justus N M , Dobrovolskiy V I , Dobrovolskiy K I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The creation of new working standards at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements (VNIIFTRI) for metrological support of meteorological measuring instruments is mentioned in the work.
Climatological and land use evaluation to maintain water supply in Pulai reservoir, Bintan island - Indonesia
Authors: Fakhrudin M. , Subehi Luki , Wibowo Hendro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pulai reservoir with an area of 49.9 ha and maximum depth of 12 m, serves as clean water resources for Tanjung Pinang city, Bintan island. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fluctuation of water level on reservoir, related to the climatological and land use conditions. Water level in January 2009 was 400 cm and continued to decrease to 105 cm in August 2009 that ceased the water supply. The rainfall during ten months study period (January – October 2009) was 1,968 mm, below of its average level of 2,447 mm. The dry spell reduced the water supply input to reservoir for about 2.5 million m3 or equivalent to four months of clean water supply. Mean monthly air temperature was also increased by 1 °C compared to the last 29 years. A similar trend was observed for humidity, where its mean value of 85.9% decreased to 83.3%. Initially, the catchment area was 474.12 ha, covered by protected forest (98%). However, in 2009 the remaining forest area was only 8.15%. It suggested the decreasing of water storage capacity. It could be explained that the climate change and uncontrolled land use may contribute to the water crisis of Pulai reservoir.
Dissolved oxygen and temperature stratification analysis for early warning system development in preventing mass mortality of fish in lake Maninjau, West Sumatera - Indonesia
Authors: Fakhrudin M. , Subehi Luki , Jasalesmana Taofik , Dianto Aan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLake Maninjau is caldera lake which lies at Sumatera island, Indonesia. The objective of this paper is to analyse dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature (WT) stratification related to mass mortality fish. The WT and DO stratification were measured by logger version CTD profiler with a depth interval of 1 m in March 2018. Based on analysis at 12 stations of measurement from buoyancy frequency value showed various stratification. The top layer (epilimnion) had a thickness of 2 m and the concentration of DO was 4.8 mg/l – 13.5 mg/l. Meanwhile, the hypolimnion layer formed at various depths ranged from 9-20 m to the bottom of the lake with concentration of DO was close to zero. These two layers are separated by a thermocline (metalimnion), which acted as a buffer. When the surface temperature of the lake was cooler than the lower one, then the density was increased, the turnover occurred. Then, the concentration of DO at the upper layer of the lake decreased, caused mass mortality fish. The process of the mass water reversal was monitored through temperature stratification and DO measurements in real time, as criterion for early warning system of mass mortality of fish.
Phytoplankton composition and the occurrence of cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri  , Henny C , Santoso A B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Algae blooms have been recorded in Lake Maninjau in November 2000, October 2011 and recently on April 2018. These blooms were indicated by green scum formation on the lake surface with a very high chlorophyll-a concentration, as high as > 100 µg-L. We determined the characteristics of phytoplankton composition and abundance including environmental conditions during cyanobacterial blooms and non-cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Maninjau. During cyanobacterial blooms, phytoplankton were dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa with a maximum abundance of 24,320 x 103 individual L-1 (94.4 % of the total assemblage). While during the non-blooming period, cyanobacteria species were more diverse, represented by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaea affinis, Aphanizomeon sp, Planktolyngbya sp. and Chroococcus sp. Diatom (Synedra ulna) generally occurred in all conditions, however, desmids (green algae) disappeared during cyanobacteria blooms. It is highlighted that the occurrence of Microcystis blooms can be related to total phosphorous dynamics in the lake.