bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superstructure formation in Sc5Cu2In4
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Zaremba Vasyl‘ I. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Polycrystalline Sc5Cu2In4 was synthesized by induction melting of the elements and small single crystals were obtained by a slow cooling sequence. Sc5Cu2In4 is the first coinage metal representative in the family of the so-called 5-2-4 intermetallics. The Zr5Ir2In4 type structure of Sc5Cu2In4 was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Pnma, a = 1716.75(6), b = 677.94(12), c = 760.69(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0531, 1932 F2 values and 58 variables. Sc5Cu2In4 adopts a superstructure of the Lu5Ni2In4 type (doubling of the b axis and klassengleiche symmetry reduction from Pbam to Pnma), caused by dislocation of the copper atoms (puckering effect). Geometrically, Sc5Cu2In4 is a 4:1 intergrowth structure of distorted AlB2 and CsCl related slabs.
Synthesis, crystal structure, luminescence, and photocatalytic properties of a 2D Cu(II) metal-organic frameworks based on 3,5-di(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)pyridine and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoate) ligands
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tao Jian-Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new Cu(II) metal-organic framework, [Cu(L)(OBA)·H2O]
n
(1) [H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), L = 3,5-di(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)pyridine] was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized through IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a four-connected uni-nodal 2D net with a (44·62) topology which shows an emission centered at λ ∼393 nm upon excitation at λ = 245 nm. Moreover, complex 1 possesses high photocatalytic activities for the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV light irradiation.
Das Ytterbium(III)-Oxidbromid-Oxidotellurat(IV) Yb3O2Br[TeO3]2
Authors: Meier Steffen F. , Russ Philip L. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ytterbium(III) oxide bromide oxidotellu-rate(IV) Yb3O2Br[TeO3]2 was obtained from a mixture of Yb2O3, YbBr3 and TeO2 in a molar ratio of 2:1:2 along with an excess of KBr as fluxing agent in evacuated fused silica ampoules after 10 days at T = 800 °C and subsequent slow cooling to room temperatures as colorless, plate-shaped single crystals. Its triclinic crystal structure (a = 663.97(5), b = 697.46(5), c = 1080.15(8) pm, α = 105.102(3), β = 90.931(3), γ = 100.034(3)°; Z = 2, space group: P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

) displays three crystallographically different Yb3+ cations with coordination numbers of six, seven and eight. Six out of eight distinct oxygen atoms belong to two independent ψ1-tetrahedral [TeO3]2−anions, whereas the other two represent O2− anions in tetrahedral coordination of four Yb3+ cations each, not having any contact to tellurium. Condensed via common vertices and edges, these [OYb4]10+ tetrahedra form cationic layers

∞
2

${}_{\infty }{}^{2}$

{[O2Yb3]5+}, which spread out parallel to the (001) plane. Two discrete [TeO3]2− groups and one Br− anion per formula unit take care of their three-dimensional interconnection along [001] and the overall charge balance of Yb3O2Br[TeO3]2. Remarkable interactions between the lone pair of electrons at the Te4+ cations of the ψ1-tetrahedral [TeO3]2− anions and those at the Br− anions are discussed.
Die Regelung von Interessenkonflikten im Seerecht des späten 13. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Cordes Albrecht 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Conflicts of interests in maritime law in the 13th century: A comparison. Almost simultaneously, at the end of the 13th century, maritime laws were written down all around Europe. This coincidence invites to a synchronic comparative study. The paper compares three different matters on varying abstraction levels: jettison, mariner’s labour law, and situations of common decision building before and during the voyage. The outcome, as in any comparison, are differences and similarities – differences in the degree of the lord’s (king’s, duke’s) influence, but also, e.g., due to the presence of a ship notary on Mediterranean ships. More importantly, the maritime laws less influenced from above abound with casuistic details, apparently products of negotiation processes between the involved parties, including seamen who appear as an influential and self-confident group. Despite the climatic differences between Norway and the Mediterranean, the challenges posed by the characteristics of seafaring in general resemble one another a lot. The solutions however differ greatly and bristle with creative variety. The maritime law of the 13th century looks a lot like a giant experimental lab. Tendencies towards a stronger unification and implementation of certain solutions only belong to the following century.
Religion und Recht bei Savigny
Authors: Rückert Joachim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Religion and Law in Savigny. The subject is old and new at the same time. It’s well known that the relation of law and religion in Savigny seems to be a central point in his system of law. But the relation itself and the more concrete consequences have not yet been investigated in the rather scattered sources. The study undertakes some first steps in this direction.
Inhalt: Einleitung, I. Christlich nach 1789, II. Religion und Recht bei Savigny: Quellenlage, III. Christliches im Recht bei Savigny, IV. Ergebnis
Einbürgern und Ausschließen. Staatsangehörigkeit und Bürgerrecht in Deutschland während des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Gosewinkel Dieter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Naturalizing and excluding. Nationality and citizenship law in 19th and 20th century Germany. Nationality law in Germany came up as a legal institution of German federal states at the beginning of 19th century and underwent a process of nationalization. The principle of descent (Abstammungsprinzip), which was – before a legal reform in 2000 – hegemonic, was used to define German nationality primarily as a community of ethno-cultural descent. This restrictive use of German nationality law did not establish, however, a direct line of conceptual and political continuity between ‘ethno-cultural’ and ‘racial’ criteria, and it was primarily based on a politico-social constellation of political, demographic and national instability, not on a specific German national discourse.
Die Rechtswissenschaft unter dem Kriegsregime in Japan: 1931–1952
Authors: Rückert Joachim , Matsumoto Naoko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The Jurisprudence under the wartime regime in Japan: 1931–1952. In 2016, a book was published in Tokyo with the title “Senji-taisei to Hōgakusha: 1931–1952” (The Wartime Regime and Legal Scholars: 1931–1952) as the first collective work about sixteen diverse legal scholars under the economic and political system of total war in Japan. This invited article summarizes the main points of the book from the viewpoint of one of its editors and explains why it was written now, and why not until now.
Die Wiederaufnahme des akademischen Betriebs an der Göttinger Juristischen Fakultät nach 1945 bis ca. 1949
Authors: Schwab Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The resumption of academic life at the Law Faculty of Goettingen University 1945–1949. Full professors at German law faculties after World War II have been the subject of extensive research. But little is known about other academic staff, the students or the way the rules of their examinations were made. In this article, Goettingen’s Law school serves as an example of how things and people changed or continued after supposed “Stunde Null”.
Zu den klassischen Ursprüngen des Verjährungsrechts
Authors: Lehne-Gstreinthaler Christine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The Roots of Prescription in Classical Roman Law: While it is widely presumed that prescription did not exist in Classical Roman Law, the author intends to show that, within certain areas of law, prescription was already in existence in Augustan times. The praescriptio temporis was used in penal and civil procedure alike and was submitted during preliminary proceedings. The most prominent prescription, the praescriptio longi temporis, stemmed from Roman fiscal law and potentially originated in Flavian times.
Teaching Roman Law in the 21st Century: A note on legal-historical education in the Netherlands
Authors: Hallebeek Jan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Can Roman law still be a useful part of the compulsory curricular programme for legal education in the Netherlands? At the beginning of the nineteenth century Roman law taught the student a further systematization of private law. Later it was seen as an introduction to present-day private law, irrespective of whether it was taught in a pandectistic or a more historical way. For the second half of the twentieth century three divergent approaches could be discerned i.e. a ‘pandectistic’, a ‘neo-humanistic’ and a ‘legal historical’ one. Given this until recently existing state of legal education, various premises can be formulated, which preferably should underlie the teaching of Roman law in the near future, viz. an applicative approach, a connection with legal historical research, the awareness that the civilian tradition is not the only one and that it only started with the glossators, and avoiding anachronisms.
In tema di responsabilità nossale del nudo proprietario
Authors: D’Angelo Giacomo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

On the noxal liability of the naked owner. According to an ancient and undisputed opinion the owner of a servus fructuarius could be sued noxally only if he had hired the slave from the usufructuary. The author aims at remediating this view by arguing that the owner of a servus fructuarius was already as such noxally liable if he was able to surrender the slave to the victim.
Zum Text von D. 27,1,8pr. (Mod. 3 excus.) und C. 5,65,2 (Gord.; a. 239)
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Reconstruction of D. 27,1,8pr. (Mod. 3 excus.) and C. 6,65,2 (Gord.; a. 239). The Codex Florentinus, sole witness of the complete Graeca Modestini, is partially illegible at D. 27,1,8pr. This paper argues that the damaged part read πάντων πάλαι στρατιωτῶν, against Mommsen’s rendering (ἢ πάντων πάλαι στρατιωτῶν). Further, it proposes an emendation to Krüger’s text of C. 5,65,2 on the basis of the indirect Greek tradition that goes contrary to the Latin manuscripts.
Emanzipation als rite de passage
Authors: Sirks A.J.B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Emanzipation as rite de passage. Formula Visigothica 34 (7th c.) describes an emancipation. The text suggests that sons of Romans had an expectation to be released in this way from the paternal power when they reached the age of majority. Emancipation was specifically dealt with in their law, the Lex Romana Visigothorum. Some of these do not figure in Justinian’s Code. They might fit the gap, otherwise filled by excerpts from the Theodosian Code, which, however, C. 8,48,6 of 531 would have made outdated. Form. 34 treats the emancipation as a rite de passage. As such it would have accommodated those peoples, made Roman in 212, whose children normally reached majority at a certain age but now were subjected to the Roman patria potestas-system. In this way the old situation would be restored within the Roman setting. Two Theodosian constitutions indicate indeed such a general use.
Detecting New Allies: Modifier Screen Identifies a Genetic Interaction BetweenImaginal disc growth factor 3andcombover, a Rho-kinase Substrate, During Dorsal Appendage Tube Formation inDrosophila
Authors: Espinoza Claudia Y , Berg Celeste A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiological tube formation underlies organ development and, when disrupted, can cause severe birth defects. To investigate the genetic basis of tubulogenesis, we study the formation of Drosophila melanogaster eggshell structures, called dorsal appendages, which are produced by epithelial tubes. Previously we found that precise levels of Drosophila Chitinase-Like Proteins (CLPs), encoded by the Imaginal disc growth factor (Idgf) gene family, are needed to regulate dorsal-appendage tube closure and tube migration. To identify factors that act in the Idgf pathway, we developed a genetic modifier screen based on the finding that overexpressing Idgf3 causes dorsal appendage defects with ∼50% frequency. Using a library of partially overlapping heterozygous deficiencies, we scanned chromosome 3L and found regions that enhanced or suppressed the Idgf3-overexpression phenotype. Using smaller deletions, RNAi, and mutant alleles, we further mapped five regions and refined the interactions to 58 candidate genes. Importantly, mutant alleles identified combover (cmb), a substrate of Rho-kinase (Rok) and a component of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, as an Idgf3-interacting gene: loss of function enhanced while gain of function suppressed the dorsal appendage defects. Since PCP drives cell intercalation in other systems, we asked if cmb/+ affected cell intercalation in our model, but we found no evidence of its involvement in this step. Instead, we found that loss of cmb dominantly enhanced tube defects associated with Idgf3 overexpression by expanding the apical area of dorsal appendage cells. Apical surface area determines tube volume and shape; in this way, Idgf3 and cmb regulate tube morphology.
Adapt or Perish: Evolutionary Rescue in a Gradually Deteriorating Environment
Authors: Marrec Loïc , Bitbol Anne-Florence 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate the evolutionary rescue of a microbial population in a gradually deteriorating environment, through a combination of analytical calculations and stochastic simulations. We consider a population destined for extinction in the absence of mutants, which can survive only if mutants sufficiently adapted to the new environment arise and fix. We show that mutants that appear later during the environment deterioration have a higher probability to fix. The rescue probability of the population increases with a sigmoidal shape when the product of the carrying capacity and of the mutation probability increases. Furthermore, we find that rescue becomes more likely for smaller population sizes and/or mutation probabilities if the environment degradation is slower, which illustrates the key impact of the rapidity of environment degradation on the fate of a population. We also show that our main conclusions are robust across various types of adaptive mutants, including specialist and generalist ones, as well as mutants modeling antimicrobial resistance evolution. We further express the average time of appearance of the mutants that do rescue the population and the average extinction time of those that do not. Our methods can be applied to other situations with continuously variable fitnesses and population sizes, and our analytical predictions are valid in the weak-to-moderate mutation regime.
Fibrosis and Immune Cell Infiltration Are Separate Events Regulated by Cell-Specific Receptor Notch3 Expression
Authors: Brandt Sabine , Ballhause Tobias M. , Bernhardt Anja , Becker Annika , Salaru Delia , Le-Deffge Hien Minh , Fehr Alexander , Fu Yan , Philipsen Lars , Djudjaj Sonja , Müller Andreas J. , Kramann Rafael , Ibrahim Mahmoud , Geffers Robert , Siebel Chris , Isermann Berend , Heidel Florian H. , Lindquist Jonathan A. , Mertens Peter R. 
Published: August 2020

Significance StatementIn patients with CKD, receptor Notch3 is strongly upregulated. Conversely, in experimental kidney disease models,Notch3deficiency protects from organ damage. To determine whether Notch3 on immune cells or tissue-resident cells participates in the inflammatory response, animals with bone marrow chimerism were generated. These animal strains do not exhibit phenotypic differences in the absence of disease. However, after unilateral ureteral obstruction, distinct alterations in the immune response and organ fibrosis become apparent. Notch3 receptors expressed by immune cells are of relevance for transmigration into tissue; the receptors expressed by resident kidney cells orchestrate organ fibrosis. These events seem to be separable and distinct.BackgroundKidney injuries that result in chronic inflammation initiate crosstalk between stressed resident cells and infiltrating immune cells. In animal models, whole-body receptorNotch3deficiency protects from leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. However, the relative contribution ofNotch3expression in tissue versus infiltrating immune cells is unknown.MethodsChimeric mice deficient forNotch3in hematopoietic cells and/or resident tissue cells were generated, and kidney fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were analyzed. Adoptive transfer of labeled bone marrow–derived cells validated the results in a murineLeishmaniaear infection model.In vitroadhesion assays, integrin activation, and extracellular matrix production were analyzed.ResultsFibrosis follows UUO, but inflammatory cell infiltration mostly depends upon Notch3 expression in hematopoietic cells, which coincides with an enhanced proinflammatory milieu (e.g., CCL2 and CCL5 upregulation). Notch3 expression on CD45+leukocytes plays a prominent role in efficient cell transmigration. Functionally, leukocyte adhesion and integrin activation are abrogated in the absence of receptor Notch3. Chimeric animal models also reveal that tubulointerstitial fibrosis develops, even in the absence of prominent leukocyte infiltrates after ureteral obstruction. Deleting Notch3 receptors on resident cells blunts kidney fibrosis, ablates NF-κB signaling, and lessens matrix deposition.ConclusionsCell-specific receptor Notch3 signaling independently orchestrates leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. Interference with Notch3 signaling may present a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory as well as fibrotic diseases.
Comparison of effects exerted by bio-fertilizers, NPK fertilizers, and cultivation methods on soil respiration in Chernozem soil
Authors: Mátyás Bence , Lowy Daniel A. , Singla Ankit , Melendez Jesus R. , Zsolt Sándor 
Published: August 2020

Soil respiration is a significant indicator of soil microbial activity; global soil respiration and decomposition processes release yearly to the atmosphere a total of 220 billion tons of carbon dioxide. Therefore, studies on the whole- or one particular aspect of soil carbon cycle aiming at optimizing agricultural carbon dioxide emissions or improving carbon sequestration contribute to a sustainable agriculture practice. In this paper we present the effects of biofertilizer application (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans, and Pseudomonas putida) on soil respiration in chernozem soil. Experiments were performed at Látókép Experimental Station, belonging to the University of Debrecen, Hungary. Additionally, we compare our results with findings of prior studies related to commercial NPK fertilizer applications (in four doses: N60P45K45; N120P90K90; N180 P135K135; and N240P180K180), and two different cultivation methods (ploughed, loosened, RTK in rows, and RTK between rows); these investigations were conducted at the same experimental station. Our results indicate lower tendency for soil respiration, when biofertilizers are applied as compared to commercialNPK fertilizers, which enables to decrease CO2 emission in the environment.We also discuss a unit change indifferent alkali absorption-based methods (Oxitop and Witkamp) to facilitate comparability of recently acquired data with results of previous long-term fertilization experiments.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL PROVISION OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: N. O. Kondratenko  , H. O. Doroshenko  , I. A. Ternova  , S. N. Babych  , O. G. Dorosheko  
Published: August 2020

The article proposes organizational and methodical provision of financial and economic security management of the enterprise and develops a methodical approach to assessing the level of FES management. The views of various authors on the definitions «economic security» and «financial security» are summarized, and the author’s vision of «financial and economic security» is provided, which should be understand as a complex system with a specific set of characteristics, aimed at ensuring the effective use of all types of resources: material, financial, labor, etc., and the prevention of internal and external threats. The basic principles of financial and economic security management of economic entities are outlined. The description of two blocks of organizational and methodical provision of the enterprise’s FES is provided: organizational block and methodical block. Existing methodical approaches to assessing the level of financial and economic security of business entities are considered. It is concluded that the most appropriate is to use the methodical approach proposed by the authors, which is aimed to improve the differential approach to assessing the level of management of financial and economic security of enterprises. The essence of the method is to improve the detection of the significance degree of partial integral indicators. As a result of the conducted research, the general scheme of organizational and methodical support of financial and economic security management of the enterprise was proposed. That scheme, based on the various factors analysis that determine the state of the enterprise and tendencies of its development, demonstrates the necessary set of measures for raising the level of the enterprise’s FES. It is concluded that the proposed methodical approach to assessing the level of the enterprise’s FES management enables to get rid of subjective factors and to determine the aggregate value of all indicators of functional criteria of financial and economic security of economic entities.