bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disgust Sensitivity and Support for Organ Donation: Time to Take Disgust Seriously
Authors: Mazur Lucas B. , Gormsen Erik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
There are currently roughly 10,000 Germans on the organ waiting list, and that number is over 113,000 in the USA. There is a clear need to increase support for organ donation in general and to increase the number of registered donors in particular.

Objective
The current study examines the relationship between disgust sensitivity and attitudes towards organ donation and the possession of an organ donor card. The study also examines other important correlates of attitudes towards organ donation, such as fear, trust, and knowledge regarding organ donation.

Design
The study involved an online questionnaire.

Participants
Six hundred and eighteen Germans filled out an online questionnaire.

Main Measures
The questionnaire contained the following measures: attitude towards organ donation, disgust sensitivity, trust towards the medical community, fear of organ donation, and knowledge regarding organ donation, as well as such demographic information as age, biological sex, degree of formal education, religious affiliation and level of religiosity, political orientation, and possession of an organ donor card.

Key Results
The results replicated previous findings regarding the influence of trust and fear on attitudes towards organ donation, but only partially supported those regarding the importance of knowledge. Importantly, disgust sensitivity had a significant impact on attitudes towards organ donation, even after controlling for other variables hereto identified as important correlates in the literature (e.g., fear, trust, knowledge). What is more, there was a significant interaction between biological sex and disgust sensitivity indicating that the relationship between disgust sensitivity and attitudes towards organ donation was stronger among women than men.

Conclusions
While disgust is often disregarded as a “silly,” bairnish emotion and unbefitting of discussions of serious issues such as organ donation, in line with the “affective turn” in psychology, the results of the current study suggest that in order to improve attitudes towards organ donation, we should take feelings of disgust seriously.
Who sticks to the instructions—and does it matter? Antecedents and effects of students’ responsiveness to a classroom-based motivation intervention
Authors: Brisson Brigitte Maria , Hulleman Chris S. , Häfner Isabelle , Gaspard Hanna , Flunger Barbara , Dicke Anna-Lena , Trautwein Ulrich , Nagengast Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhy do some students benefit from interventions and others do not? By investigating the antecedents and effects of students’ responsiveness to a classroom-based motivation intervention, the current study aims to shed light on the intervention processes that make educational interventions in real-life settings work. Using data from a cluster-randomized controlled experiment with 1916 ninth-grade students, students’ responsiveness to two written intervention activities about the personal relevance of mathematics (evaluating quotations or writing a text) was assessed. Based on the hypothesized theory of change, 1280 student essays were coded on three indicators of responsiveness (positive arguments, personal connections, in-depth reflections) which were combined into a continuous index. Linear regression analyses showed that students’ conscientiousness, gender, math-related motivation, and achievement predicted the responsiveness index. This research highlights the importance of investigating intervention processes in order to optimize the theories and designs of classroom interventions
Stichwortbeitrag Implementationsforschung: Wie Wissenschaft zu Verbesserungen im Bildungssystem beitragen kann
Authors: Schrader Josef , Hasselhorn Marcus , Hetfleisch Petra , Goeze Annika 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Programm evidenzbasierter Bildungsreform geht die Erwartung einher, auf der Grundlage gesicherten empirischen Wissens die pädagogische Praxis ebenso wie ihre politische Gestaltung zu verbessern. Empirische Studien bestätigen allerdings ebenso wie Erfahrungsberichte aus dem Feld eine fortdauernde Kluft zwischen Forschung, Politik und Praxis. Daher findet Implementationsforschung wachsende Aufmerksamkeit, ablesbar an einer wachsenden Zahl empirischer Studien und einer breiten konzeptuellen und methodologischen Debatte. Der Stichwortbeitrag sichtet die konzeptuelle Diskussion zur Implementationsforschung im Bildungsbereich und darüber hinaus. Zudem wird analysiert, was Implementationsstudien im Feld des organisierten Lehrens und Lernens über die Gelingensbedingungen erfolgreicher Implementationen von evidenten Interventionen aussagen. Der Forschungsüberblick zeigt, dass eine wachsende Zahl von Studien mit wissenschaftlich fundierten Interventionen zur Verringerung der beklagten Kluft beitragen konnten. Zugleich fehlt es noch an theoretisch fundierten Einsichten zu den institutionellen, organisationalen und personalen Bedingungen wirksamer Implementationsstudien.
A Variation in FGF14 Is Associated with Downbeat Nystagmus in a Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Strupp Michael , Maul Stephan , Konte Bettina , Hartmann Annette M. , Giegling Ina , Wollenteit Sophia , Feil Katharina , Rujescu Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDownbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a frequent form of acquired persisting central fixation nystagmus, often associated with other cerebellar ocular signs, such as saccadic smooth pursuit or gaze-holding deficits. Despite its distinct clinical features, the underlying etiology of DBN often remains unclear. Therefore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 106 patients and 2609 healthy controls of European ancestry to identify genetic variants associated with DBN. A genome-wide significant association (p < 5 × 10−8) with DBN was found for a variation on chromosome 13 located within the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14). FGF14 is expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) and a reduction leads to a decreased spontaneous firing rate and excitability of PCs, compatible with the pathophysiology of DBN. In addition, mutations in the FGF14 gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 27. Suggestive associations (p < 1 × 10−05) could be detected for 15 additional LD-independent loci, one of which is also located in the FGF14 gene. An association of a region containing the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and MutS Homolog 3 (MSH3) genes on chromosome 5 was slightly below the genome-wide significance threshold. DHFR is relevant for neuronal regulation, and a dysfunction is known to induce cerebellar damage. Among the remaining twelve suggestive associations, four genes (MAST4, TPPP, FTMT, and IDS) seem to be involved in cerebral pathological processes. Thus, this GWAS analysis has identified a potential genetic contribution to idiopathic DBN, including suggestive associations to several genes involved in postulated pathological mechanisms of DBN (i.e., impaired function of cerebellar PCs).
“It’s being part of the big picture, even though you’re a tiny jigsaw piece”—motivations and expectations of individuals participating in the Enroll-HD observational study
Authors: Davies E. , Craufurd D. , MacLeod R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPredictive test guidelines for Huntington’s disease (HD) recommend individuals are offered opportunities to participate in research regardless of test outcome. Consistent with most HD centres of excellence, the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (MCGM) invites eligible individuals to participate in the observational study, Enroll-HD. Limited research has been conducted to date on the views of research participants and the possible impact of participation. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of ten individuals taking part in the Enroll-HD study following pre-symptomatic testing for HD. Half of the individuals had tested positive for the HD mutation and the other half had tested negative. Participants were generally motivated to take part in the study by both personal and altruistic reasons. Overall, they were very positive about participation in Enroll-HD. Valuable aspects included good relationships with the research/clinical team, increased understanding of the condition, an enhanced self-image and a shared experience with affected parents. Issues for improvement to encourage participation included access to study site and more regular communication about study progress. Participants, while generally optimistic about research progress, were realistic about challenges.
On the connectivity of the escaping set in the punctured plane
Authors: Evdoridou Vasiliki , Martí-Pete David , Sixsmith David J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider the dynamics of transcendental self-maps of the punctured plane, $$\mathbb {C}^*=\mathbb {C}{\setminus } \{0\}$$

C

∗

=
C
\

{
0
}

. We prove that the escaping set $$I(f)$$

I
(
f
)

is either connected, or has infinitely many components. We also show that $$I(f)\cup \{0,\infty \}$$

I
(
f
)
∪
{
0
,
∞
}

is either connected, or has exactly two components, one containing 0 and the other $$\infty $$
∞
. This gives a trichotomy regarding the connectivity of the sets $$I(f)$$

I
(
f
)

and $$I(f)\cup \{0,\infty \}$$

I
(
f
)
∪
{
0
,
∞
}

, and we give examples of functions for which each case arises. Finally, whereas Baker domains of transcendental entire functions are simply connected, we show that Baker domains can be doubly connected in $$\mathbb {C}^*$$

C

∗

by constructing the first such example. We also prove that if f has a doubly connected Baker domain, then its closure contains both 0 and $$\infty $$
∞
, and hence $$I(f)\cup \{0,\infty \}$$

I
(
f
)
∪
{
0
,
∞
}

is connected.
Recent Advances of Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles in Bioapplications
Authors: Wu Shuqi , Li Yang , Ding Weihang , Xu Letong , Ma Yuan , Zhang Lianbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPersistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation. In the past decade, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas. Especially in recent years, the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored. Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission, many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging and cancer therapy. These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions. In this review, we summarize the works on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing, imaging and imaging-guided therapy. We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications. Finally, the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.
An agent-based model of cooperation with cross-cutting identity dimensions
Authors: Cioroianu Iulia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an evolutionary explanation for the different patterns of cooperation across groups in societies in which social and political identity dimensions are cross-cutting, compared to societies in which identity dimensions are overlapping. An agent-based model of interaction between individuals belonging to different groups is presented. An agent’s decision to cooperate or defect in a prisoners' dilemma game is based on the identity of the others along two identity dimensions. In the first version of the model, the two identities are equally salient, while in the second version, their relative salience varies. The results show that in the presence of cross-cutting identity dimensions, cooperation takes place not only within clusters of identical individuals, as suggested by previous models, but also along each of the two identity dimensions, between individuals that share only one of the two identity traits. As the relative salience of one identity dimension increases, cooperating along the lines of the more salient dimension becomes the most successful strategy. These findings are relevant for understanding the patterns of cooperation in heterogenous societies and under increased levels of social and political polarization.
Surface Chemisty, Microstructure, and Rheology of Thixotropic 1-D Sepiolite Gels
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Du Mingyong , Clode Peta , Li Hualong , Liu Jishan , Leong Yee-Kwong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rheological properties of sepiolite gels in relation to solution chemistry, fiber charge, and microstructure are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to bring more clarity to this topic by quantifying the effects of solution pH, ionic strength, and adsorbed tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) additive on rheological properties. The electrical charge on sepiolite fibers was investigated to explain the fiber interaction configuration observed in the microstructure. Fiber interaction forces and dynamics explained the ageing behavior of the gel. Sepiolite gels of only a few percent solids displayed long-time ageing behavior, which was manifested by an increasing yield stress with wait time and continued for weeks. The gel microstructure showed randomly orientated rigid fibers with cross configuration attraction. Each fiber experiences both attractive (van der Waals and heterogeneous charge) and repulsive (electric double layer) forces, and initially a net force. The repulsive force causes these fibers to orientate or move continually to achieve a state of force equilibrium and this process takes a long time. The Leong model describes this ageing behavior. For good fiber separation, high intensity probe sonication of the suspension was required. The yield stress increased with sonication time, solids loading, and temperature. The yield stress was absent at pH > 11 and increased to a maximum value at pH < 8. This maximum was insensitive to pH between 4 to 8, and ionic strength up to 1 M KCl. TSPP reduced this maximum and shifted the zero yield stress region to a lower pH, ~7. The zero yield stress state corresponded to a zeta potential with a minimum magnitude of 30 mV.
The role of childhood adversities, FKBP5, BDNF, NRN1, and generalized self-efficacy in suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients
Authors: Berent Dominika , Szymańska Bożena , Kulczycka-Wojdala Dominika , Macander Marian , Pawłowska Zofia , Wojnar Marcin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Alcohol-dependent (AD) patients report higher number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), develop poor social skills, and have a higher rate of suicide attempts than the general population. We hypothesize that the association between ACEs and lifetime suicide attempts in AD patients is mediated by generalized self-efficacy and selected functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the stress response and neuroplasticity, including: FKBP5 rs1360780, BDNF rs6265, and NRN1 rs1475157.

Methods
176 AD patients and 127 healthy controls self-reported ACEs with the ACE Study questionnaire and three additional questions that inquired about ACE categories of acute stress; generalized self-efficacy—with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Genotyping for the three analysed SNPs was performed according to the manufacturer’s standard PCR protocol. Hypotheses were tested with bivariate analyses, multiple regression model, and mediation models.

Results
Higher levels of generalized self-efficacy were associated with a blunted effect of ACEs on the risk of suicide attempts. The prevalence of the three analyzed SNPs genotypes and alleles did not differ between AD patients with a positive vs. negative lifetime history of suicide attempt and was not associated with GSES scoring.

Conclusions
Generalized self-efficacy should be considered as a target for psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the risk of suicide attempts in AD patients who were exposed to childhood victimization. The negative results concerning the hypothesized role of the three analysed SNPs should be carefully interpreted due to the relatively small study sample, but represent a theoretical foundation for further research studies with larger study samples.
Cyber bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: The differential moderating effects of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional competence
Authors: Urano Yuhei , Takizawa Ryu , Ohka Mai , Yamasaki Hisanori , Shimoyama Haruhiko 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndividuals who experience bullying victimization are at increased risk for future health and social problems. Despite this, studies show that not all bullying victims are in ill health, suggesting the importance of investigating protective factors that could counteract the adverse effects. The present study focused on investigating the moderating effects of emotional competence (EC) in the relationship between cyber‐bullying victimization (CV) and mental health among adolescents.MethodsResponses from 6403 adolescents aged 12 to 18 (1925 male, 4478 female,Mage = 16.35,SD = 1.46) with no missing data were used for analysis. The cross‐sectional data analyzed in the present study was a part of a large longitudinal online survey conducted by the University of Tokyo in Japan. Participants were recruited among adolescent users of a social networking service widely used in Japan for communication.ResultsResults of regression analysis showed significant direct effects of CV on psychological distress/self‐esteem, confirming the adverse effects of victimization. Results also suggested that high intrapersonal EC weakened the relationship between CV and psychological distress, whereas high interpersonal EC strengthened the relationship. There were no significant interactions between CV and EC in predicting self‐esteem.ConclusionsIntrapersonal and interpersonal EC may play differential moderating roles in the relationship between CV and psychological distress, the former by buffering the effect and the latter by exacerbating it. Interventions targeting abilities to handle one's own emotions may help decrease distress among adolescents with CV experiences.
Sun-synchronous repeat ground tracks and other useful orbits for future space missions
Authors: Paek S.W. , Kim S. , Kronig L. , de Weck O. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe development of oceanography and meteorology has greatly benefited from satellite-based data of Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Traditional Earth observation missions have utilised Sun-synchronous orbits with repeat ground tracks due to their advantages in visible and infrared wavelengths. However, diversification of observation wavelengths and massive deployment of miniaturised satellites are both enabling and necessitating new kinds of space missions. This paper proposes several unconventional satellite orbits intended for use in, but not limited to, Earth observation. This ‘toolbox’ of orbits and taxonomy thereof will thus support the definition of design requirements for the individual satellites in nano-satellite constellations developed by national space agencies, industries and academia.
Spatio-temporal variations in larval digenean assemblages ofHeleobia parchappii(Mollusca: Cochliopidae) inhabiting four human-impacted streams
Authors: Parietti M. , Merlo M.J. , Etchegoin J.A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the last years, a growing number of studies have focused on the search for biological indicators of human impact in freshwater environments. Given their susceptibility to different types of impact, larval digeneans have been considered as useful tools for the study of temporal variations in parasite communities. However, few studies have been carried out in lotic environments. For that reason, the spatio-temporal variations of the larval digenean assemblages parasitizing the gastropodHeleobia parchappiiwere analysed in four human-impacted streams, located on the coast of Argentina. In total, 4800 specimens ofH.parchappiiwere collected seasonally, and 12 digenean species belonging to eight families were registered. Three of the streams showed similar species presence but, during spring and summer, the streams located within the city presented lower species presence than the streams located in the urban periphery. By contrast, the spatial prevalence values evidenced a higher variation between the environments. Streams located in the urban periphery showed higher prevalence values throughout the year, compared to those calculated for streams located within the city. The spatio-temporal variations of larval digenean assemblages parasitizingH.parchappiiseem to be mainly influenced by the diversity and vagility of definitive hosts, the types of digenean life cycles and habitat characteristics. However, environmental disturbances derived from anthropogenic activities are highlighted as the probable main factors that may affect the composition and dynamic of these parasite assemblages.
Age, Gender, and International Author Networks in the Earth and Space Sciences: Implications for Addressing Implicit Bias
Authors: Hanson Brooks , Wooden Paige , Lerback Jory 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAuthor networks play a key role in doing science. Developing networks is critical for career advancement in a variety of ways, and differences in networks may be a core reason for persistence of implicit bias, particularly with regards to gender. Combining the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting abstracts from 2014–2018 with self‐identified AGU member data on birth year and gender provides a large database of more than 400,000 unique coauthor interactions that we use to examine author networks by age, gender, and country. Age data are necessary to disambiguate the effect of a historic lack of women in the Earth and Space Science. The data show that women's networks are closer to those expected from the age–gender distribution of the overall membership; whereas, networks of men include more men than expected. Women also have more male coauthors within their age cohort than expected from the membership distribution. Women's networks are also less international than their male colleagues in most age cohorts. These differences start in the youngest age cohort. These data indicate that addressing implicit bias requires efforts at purposefully encouraging and developing more balanced author networks, particularly in early‐career scientists. Recent work suggests that this will also improve science outputs.