bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cinnamon on Anthropometry Status and Headache Disability of Migraine Patients: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Zareie Azadeh , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sharma Manoj , Khorvash Fariborz , Hasanzadeh Akbar , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Migraine is a common type of primary headache that is highly disabling and is possibly associated with obesity. Increasing body mass index (BMI) seems to be a risk factor for migraine attacks. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of cinnamon on anthropometry status and headache disability of migraine patients.Methods: Fifty patients with migraine were randomized to receive either cinnamon powder, three capsules/day each containing 600 mg of cinnamon or three placebo capsules/day each containing 100 mg of corn starch (control group) for two months. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Furthermore, Minimal or Infrequent Disability (MIDAS) and Headache Daily Result (HDR) Questionnaire were recorded. Results: After follow-up, BW and BMI did not change in the intervention group, however, both of them significantly increased in the placebo group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p=0.001). WC significantly decreased in the cinnamon group and remarkably increased in the control group; the difference between groups was significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, HC and WHR significantly decreased in the intervention group than the placebo group (p=0.001). HDR and the total score of disability in migraine patients were significantly decreased in the intervention versus the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cinnamon seems to have beneficial effects on BW, BMI, WC, and HC and it reduces the headache disability of migraine patients. More randomized controlled trials should be undertaken to confirm these effects.
Can We Safely Reduce the Administration of 131-iodine in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer? – Experience of the Brugmann Hospital in Brussels
Authors: Iconaru Laura , Baleanu Felicia , Taujan Georgiana , Duttmann Ruth , Spinato Linda , Karmali Rafik , Bergmann Pierre , Hambye Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background131-iodine administration after surgery remains a standard practice in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In 2014, the American Thyroid Association presented new guidelines for the staging and management of DTC, including no systematic 131I in patients at low-risk of recurrence and a reduced 131I activity in intermediate risk.The present study aims at evaluating the rate of response to treatment following this new therapeutic management compared to our previous treatment strategy in patients with DTC of different risks of recurrence.MethodsPatients treated and followed up for DTC according to the 2014-ATA guidelines (Group 2) were compared to those treated between 2007 and 2014 (Group 1) in terms of general characteristics, risk of recurrence (based on the 2015-ATA recommendations), preparation to iodine administration, cumulative administered 131I activity and response to treatment. ResultsIn total, 136 patients were included: 78 in Group 1 and 58 in Group 2. The two groups were not statistically different in terms of clinical characteristics nor risk stratification: 42.3% in Group 1 and 31% in Group 2 were classified as low risk, 38.5% and 48.3% as intermediate risk and 19.2% and 20.7% as high risk (P=0.38). Preparation to iodine administration consisted in rhTSH stimulation in 23.4% of the patients in Group 1 and 97.4% in Group 2 (p<0.001). 131-iodine was administered to 47/78 patients (60%) in Group 1 (5 at low risk of recurrence) and 39/58 patients (67%) in Group 2 (0 with a low risk). Among the treated patients, median 131I cumulative activity was significantly higher in Group 1 (3.70GBq [100mCi] range 1.11-20.35 GBq [30-550 mCi]) than in Group 2 (1.11 GBq [30 mCi], range 1.11-11.1 GBq [30-300 mCi], P<0.001. Complete response was found in 89.7% in Group 1 vs. 94.8% in Group 2 (P=0.52). ConclusionsUsing the 2015-ATA evidence-based guidelines for the management of DTC, meaning no 131I administration in low-risk patients, a low activity in intermediate and even high risk patients, and an almost systematic use of rhTSH stimulation before radioiodine therapy allowed us to reduce significantly the median administered 131I activity, with a similar rate of complete therapeutic response.
Trends in Out of Pocket Payments and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in the Kyrgyz Republic Post the “Den Sooluk” Health Reform, 2012 - 2018
Authors: Iamschikova Mariia , Mogilevskii Roman , Onah Michael N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine the trends in out- of- pocket health payments (OOPPs) and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure post the “Den Sooluk” health reform, we used data from the Kyrgyzstan Integrated Household Survey (2012 – 2018). Methods: Population-weighted descriptive statistics were used to examine the trends in OOPPs and catastrophic health expenditure at three thresholds; 10 percent of total household consumption expenditure (Cata10), 25 percent of total household consumption expenditure (Cata25) and 40 percent of total household non-food consumption expenditure (Cata40). Panel and cross-sectional logistic regression with marginal effects were used to examine the predictors of Cata10 and Cata40. Findings: Between 2012 and 2018, OOPPs increased by about US $6 and inpatient costs placed the highest cost burden on users (US $13.6), followed by self-treatment (US $10.7), and outpatient costs (US $9). Medication continues to predominantly drive inpatient, outpatient, and self-treatment OOPPs. About 0.378 to 2.084 million people (6 – 33 percent) of the population incurred catastrophic health expenditure at the three thresholds between 2012 and 2018. Residing in households headed by a widowed or single head, or residing in rural regions, increases the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusions: The initial progress in the reduction of OOPPs and catastrophic health expenditure gained appear to gradually erode since costs continue to increase after an initial decline and catastrophic health expenditure continues to rise unabated. Efforts needs to be made to check the rising out-of-pocket costs to enable a reduction in catastrophic health payments.
Administration of C5a Receptor Antagonist Improves the Efficacy of Human iPSCS-derived NS/PC Transplantation in the Acute Phase Of spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shibata Reo , Nagoshi Narihito , Kajikawa Keita , Ito Shuhei , Khazaei Mohamad , Nori Satoshi , Kohyama Jun , Fehlings Michael G. , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: We previously reported the efficacy of human-induced pluripotent stem cells derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) transplantation for spinal cord injury (SCI) in the subacute phase. However, this procedure is not effective in the acute phase due to the inflammatory response occurring immediately after SCI, which negatively impacts transplanted cell survival. C5a, which is one of the complement components, is a powerful chemoattractant which recruits inflammatory cells through binding of the C5a receptor. We hypothesized that suppression of the inflammatory response immediately after SCI using a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA) as an immunosuppressant would improve the efficacy of hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation for SCI in the acute phase.Methods: Immunodeficient SCID-Beige mice underwent contusion SCI at T10 and received C5aRA immediately after SCI. Inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in the injured spinal cord tissue during the acute phase were quantified using quantitative PCR and flow-cytometry. Next, we randomly and blindly divided the SCI mice into 4 groups (PBS only, C5aRA only, PBS + transplantation (PBS+TP), C5aRA + transplantation (C5aRA+TP)). Immediately after SCI, C5aRA or PBS was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 4 consecutive days, and then, 5.0 × 105 hiPSC-NS/PCs were transplanted into the lesion epicenter on day 4 in the PBS+TP and C5aRA+TP groups. We evaluated cell survival rate, hindlimb motor function, and the differentiation profile of the graft hiPSC-NS/PCs.Results: C5aRA administration significantly reduced several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFα, as well as inflammatory cells after SCI. Within the transplantation groups, the C5aRA+TP group had better functional improvement as compared to the PBS only group. The C5aRA+TP group also had a significantly higher cell survival rate compared to the PBS+TP group. There were no significant differences in the differentiation profiles of grafted hiPSC-NS/PCs between the C5aRA+TP and PBS+TP groups.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that administration of C5aRA can suppress the inflammatory response during the acute phase of SCI, and also improve the survival rate of transplanted hiPSC-NS/PCs as well as enhance motor functional restoration. hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation with C5aRA is a promising treatment during the acute injury phase for SCI patients.
Evaluation of One-Year Antibiotics Utilization in the Adult Outpatient Pharmacy of a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution
Authors: OLI Angus N. , ONYEASO Nwanneka , Emencheta Stephen Chijioke , OFOMATA Chijioke M. , KRETCHY James-Paul , OKHAMAFE Augustine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are among the most common drugs used worldwide.They kill or prevent the growth of bacterial microorganisms in the body, hence, they are the major agents used in treating bacterial infections. Because they are prone to abuse and misuse, regular evaluation of their utilization is important for optimal healthcare delivery.Objective: This study determined the antibiotics type, utilization, prescriptions and cost patterns in the adult out-patient pharmacy of a public tertiary health facility in Nigeria.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study using medication utilization records (prescriptions) to investigate the study objectives. Prescriptions dispensed in 2018 in adult out-patient pharmacy of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi were reviewed. Data were evaluated using the World Health Organization-developed prescribing indicators. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the results. The percentage and averages of the variable were calculated.Results: The medication utilization records showed that there was a significantly higher proportion (P-value = 0.0038) of females (70%) compared to males (the ratio being 2.44:1.00) that were prescribed antibiotics. The antibiotic utilization profile showed that antibiotic selection by class was significantly different and accounted for 44.02% of the total variance seen in the prescription pattern (P-value is < 0.0001). Also, the age of participants accounted for 19.48% of the total variance seen in the selection practice and so, age significantly affected the selection practice/prescription pattern with P-value < 0.0001. Dosage forms profile showed that the oral dosage forms were significantly more prescribed (P-value < 0.0001) compared with any other dosage form encountered in the study. There was no significant difference in the prescription patterns of parenteral and other dosage forms (P-value > 0.05). A greater percentage (84.22 %) of the prescriptions was from the Essential Drug list of Nigeria. Conclusion: Though the percentage of antibiotics prescribed from essential medicines list was found to be satisfactory, a strict protocol for prescribers is required to promote rational antibiotics use. This would not only prevent antibiotic resistance but also reduce the treatment expenditure and encourage antibiotic stewardship.
Network-based Approach to Identify Prognosis-related Genes in Tamoxifen-treated Patients With Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Gong Xiaonan , Zhang Yujie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for ER-positive breast cancer. However, tamoxifen resistance remains a major cause of cancer recurrence and progression. Here, we aimed to identify hub genes involved in the progression and prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment.Results: Microarray data (GSE9838) for 155 tamoxifen-treated primary ER-positive breast cancer samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In total, 1706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with tamoxifen resistance, including 859 upregulated genes and 847 downregulated genes, were identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as protein targeting to the ER and pathways such as ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation.Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) clustered genes into 13 modules, among which the tan and blue modules were the most significantly related to prognosis. From these two modules, we further identified three prognosis-related hub genes (GRSF1, MAPT, and REC8) via survival analysis. High expression ofGRSF1 predicted poor prognosis, whereas MAPT andREC8indicated favorable survival outcomes in all patients with breast cancer and in patients with ER-positive breast cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. These hub genes were further verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: Our findings established novel prognostic biomarkers to predict tamoxifen sensitivity, which may facilitate individualized management of breast cancer.
Covid19 Response in Low-Income Country: The Case of a Lockdown in Zambia
Authors: Muzyamba Choolwe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The onset of the covid19 pandemic has sparked heated debate among scholars on the relevance of lockdowns. There are those in favor of the lockdown and others who are critical of it. However, despite the increased interest in understanding the relevance of lockdowns, there still has not been much focus on its relevance in low income countries like Zambia. Thus with the help of the SRT, we set out to explore and document the local characterization of the lockdown by residents of Lusaka, Zambia.MethodsA qualitative study in the form of interviews was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia involving a sample of 68 participants. Due to the lockdown measures that were in place during the study, the interviews were conducted via phone calls and the data collected were later analyzed by use of thematic analysis technique. ResultsThe lockdown was on one hand lauded for slowing down the incidence rates, preventing fatalities, and for protecting the healthcare system from collapse. On the other hand, it was criticized for exacerbating poverty levels, unemployment rates, increasing the rate of mental health problems, aiding gender based violence, and intensifying political repression and corruption. The results speak to the complexity in the characterization of the lockdown as a response to covid19 in Zambia. This observation demonstrates the folly of viewing, applying and characterizing the covid19 lockdown as a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach in Zambia.ConclusionThus rather than definitely establishing the lockdown as an incontestable good, as it is depicted by some scholars or as useless by its critics, our findings instead demonstrate the diversity and complexity in how it is locally viewed by Zambians. The study provides grounds for caution on simplistic and binary characterization of lockdowns. It indicates the need for careful dialog between the designers of lockdowns and citizens in order to tailor such interventions to local realities in context-specific ways. It also shows that though the development of such interventions, all the various and complex elements it embodies must be taken into account in order to realize optimum outcomes.
Association Between Stroke Occurrence and Changes in Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Vencloviene Jone , Radisauskas Ricardas , Kranciukaite-Butylkiniene Daina , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Vaiciulis Vidmantas , Rastenyte Daiva 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The impact of weather on morbidity from stroke was analysed in previous studies. As the risk of stroke was mostly associated with changing weather, the changes in the daily number of strokes may be associated with global changes in atmospheric circulation. The aim of our study was to detect and evaluate the association between daily numbers of ischaemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS) and the teleconnection pattern. Methods: The study was conducted in Kaunas city, Lithuania, from 2000 to 2010. The daily numbers of IS, subarachnoid haemorrhages (SAH), and intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) were obtained from Kaunas Stroke Register. We evaluated the association between these types of stroke and the teleconnection pattern by applying Poisson regression, adjusting for the linear trend, month, and other weather variables. Results: During the study period, we analysed 4,038 cases (2,226 men and 1,812 women) of stroke. Of these, 3,245 (80.4%) cases were IS, 533 (13.2%) cases were ICH, and 260 (6.4%) cases were SAH. A change in mean daily atmospheric pressure of >3.9 hPa was associated with the risk of SAH (RR=1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.96), and a stronger El Niño event had a protective effect against SAH (RR=0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.69). The risk of HS was positively associated with East Atlantic/West Russia indices (RR=1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). The risk of IS was negatively associated with Arctic Oscillation indices (RR=0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99). During November-March, a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was associated with HS (RR=1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.62), and a negative association between the NAO index and IS (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99) was found. Conclusions: The results of our study provided new evidence that the North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, East Atlantic/West Russia, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation pattern may affect the risk of stroke. The impact of these teleconnection indices is not identical for different types of stroke. Emergency services should be aware of the fact that specific weather conditions are more likely to prompt calls for more severe strokes.
Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Galadima Abubakar Nasiru , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Md. Salmiah , Ahmad Norliza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Vaccine Preventable Diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality with an estimated of approximately 3 million death every year mainly in Africa and Asia and about 29% of deaths among children aged 1–59 months were as a result of vaccine preventable.Despite the benefit of childhood immunization uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expand Program on Immunization vaccines has remained poor in some African countries such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influences childhood immunization uptake in Africa and also provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations that will improve childhood immunization uptake.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunization uptake in Africa through using various keywords and we searched multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection) dated from inception to 2019. Results: Of 17,208 records citations retrieved, 240 abstracts were screened leading to 46 included studies: Thefactors that were found to influence the childhood immunization uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further classified into different groups based on its relevance. Themodifiable factors include: obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude and self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation. Whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographicfactors of parent and child, logistic factors and administration factors.Conclusion: There were different factors found to be influencing under-five childhood immunization uptake among parents in Africa. Immunization health education intervention should be designed among pregnant women using social cognitive theory SCT which will enable researchers to tackle cognitive factors as well as some environmental factors that could be modifiable which may hopefully improve childhood immunization uptake in a country with poor coverage like Nigeria.
Rational Engineering A Xylanase Hyper-Producing System in Trichoderma Reesei for Efficient Biomass Degradation
Authors: Yan Su , Xu Yan , Yu Xiao-Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The degradation of lignocellulose needs the synergetic work of cellulase and xylanase. Filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei has been widely used as a workhorse for cellulase and xylanase fermentation with great producing ability. Previous work for biomass saccharification mainly aims to improve the component and production of cellulase, however the low xylanase activity in T. reesei could not meet the needs of a high saccharification efficiency. Results: In this study, for the first time, a xylanase hyper-producing system in T. reesei was established by tailoring two transcription factors, XYR1 and ACE1, and homologous over-expression of the major xylanase XYNⅡ. The expression of key xylanolytic enzymes was significantly upregulated with an increase of 6.78- and 1.98-fold in the xylanase activity and pNPXase (β-xylosidase) activity compared to that of the parent, Rut-C30, respectively. Besides, 2310-3085 U/mL of xylanase activities were achieved using soluble lactose or glucose as sole carbon source, which was more efficient and economical than the traditional method of xylan induction. Treated with the crude xylanase cocktails as accessory enzymes, an increase of 39.7% in reducing sugar yield (31.3 mg/mL) in saccharification of alkali pretreated corn stover (5% w/v) was achieved compared to that of the parent. Conclusions: An efficient and economical xylanase hyper-producing platform was developed in T. reesei Rut-C30. The novel platform with outstanding ability for crude xylanase cocktails production would greatly fit in biomass degradation and give a new perspective of further engineering in T. reesei for industrial purposes.