bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids link forest type to local abundance in tropical birds
Authors: Messina Simone , Edwards David P. , Marasco Valeria , Canoine Virginie , Cosset Cindy C. P. , Tomassi Suzanne , Benedick Suzan , Eens Marcel , Costantini David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Selective logging is a major driver of environmental changes in the tropics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in understanding which traits make bird species resilient or vulnerable to such changes. Physiological stress mediated by the steroid hormone corticosterone (CORT) might underlie changes in local abundance of species because it regulates a range of body functions and behaviours to maintain homeostasis in changing environments.

We conducted a 3‐year study to assess (a) the variation in CORT levels in feathers (where CORT is deposited during the moult) of 10 understorey bird species across both unlogged old‐growth forest and selectively logged forest in Borneo, (b) how this variation is associated with within‐year variation in population abundance between forest types and (c) whether the difference in feather CORT (fCORT) between co‐specific populations living in unlogged and logged forests in 1 year is related with their difference in population abundance the following year.

We used effect size estimates to measure standardized magnitude and direction of fCORT changes between unlogged and selectively logged forest. We found small to large effect sizes, indicating large among‐species variation in physiological acclimatization to changes in forest conditions. In 2016 and 2018, species with relatively higher fCORT in unlogged forest were relatively more abundant in logged forest in the same year; in 2017, species with relatively higher fCORT in logged forest were relatively more abundant in logged forest. Importantly, we found that for a given species, the difference in fCORT at year (x) between unlogged and logged forests was negatively related with a difference in its local abundance between the two forest types in the following year (x + 1).

Our results point to glucocorticoid hormones as potential mediators of carry‐over effects on population abundance due to direct and indirect effects of silvicultural practices in tropical forests of Borneo, suggesting fCORT as a potential marker of population changes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Aerial seed bank in a cold desert annual‐ephemeral species: Role of anatomical structure of stem and delayed fruit dehiscence in timing of seed dispersal
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Liu Bing , Tan Dunyan , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhy the fruits are retained on dead upright herbaceous plants and how this relates to seed dispersal and timing of germination remain unclear. Stems of the annual Euclidium syriacum (Brassicaceae) with infructescences bearing indehiscent silicles remain upright after plants die in the spring. We investigated the effect of anatomical structures of stem and pedicle and delayed silicle dehiscence on seed dispersal phenology of this species. For comparison, sections were made of the stem of the annual Goldbachia laevigata (Brassicaceae), which has stems that fall over when plants die. Compared to G. laevigata, the stem of E. syriacum has vascular bundles that are closer together, a thicker xylem and phloem, more fibers, a thicker perimedullary zone and a smaller pith diameter:stem diameter ratio. The thickened pedicle did not form an abcission layer. By late October, 5–20% of seeds were dispersed, depending on the position of infructescences on the plant. Snow covered the plants in late autumn and when it melted in mid‐April many of the plants had fallen over, with a high number of seeds germinating in attached silicles; seedlings became rooted in soil. After snowmelt, 14–15% of the silicles on the remaining upright plants contained seeds; all seeds were dispersed by early July. The anatomical structures of the stem and pedicle plus the delayed dehiscence of silicles explain the presence of an aerial seed bank in E. syriacum and delay of germination of many of seeds until spring. Further, pieces of upright plants are broken off and dispersed by wind, which helps to explain the wide distribution of E. syriacum in the cold desert.
When a ‘Like’ Is Not a ‘Like’: A New Fragmented Approach to Data Controllership
Authors: Zalnieriute Monika , Churches Genna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Fashion ID, the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’) held that an operator of a website featuring a Facebook ‘Like’ button is a data controller under EU Directive 95/46 (‘Directive’) jointly with Facebook in respect of the collection and transmission of the personal data of website visitors to Facebook, but Facebook alone is a data controller for any subsequent data processing. While the CJEUs expansive interpretation of joint controllership aims to leave ‘no gaps’ in the protection of individuals, we question whether the proposed solution to ‘fragment’ controllership into different stages of processing helps to achieve that goal. We argue that CJEUs ‘fragmented’ approach is incompatible with the GDPR, as it does not reveal the intended purposes of data processing, and thus negates informed and specific consent. We suggest that such ‘fragmentation’ undermines the consistency, predictability and transparency of EU data protection law by obscuring the pervasiveness of data commodification in the digital economy.
Regression II. Development through regression
Authors: Alexandrov Yuri , Svarnik Olga , Znamenskaya Irina , Kolbeneva Marina , Arutyunova Karina , Krylov Andrey , Bulava Alexandra , Feldman Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs shown in our previous paper (‘Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression’,JAP,65, 2, 345‐65), the common mechanism of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the proportion of low‐differentiated (older) systems in actualized experience. Experimental data show that regression following disease (chronic tension headache) is followed by adaptation and an increase in system differentiation in that experience domain which contains systems responsible for that adaptation. The results of mathematical modelling support the idea that reversible dedifferentiation can be one of the mechanisms for increasing the effectiveness of adaptation through learning. Reversible dedifferentiation, which is phenomenologically described as regression, is a general mechanism for restructuring the organism‐environment interactions in situations where behaviours that were effective in the past become ineffective. Reversible dedifferentiation has evolved as a component of adaptation when new behaviours are formed and large‐scale modifications in the existing behaviours are required in the face of changes in the external and/or internal environment. Thus, the authors believe that this article provides evidence for Jung’s view that regression is not only a ‘return’ to past forms of thinking, affects and behaviour, but that regressive processes provide a significant impetus for psychological growth and development.
Changes in verbalizations during sandplay: an empirical study
Authors: Punnett Audrey , Canfield Merle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is a quantitative study of an 11‐year‐old boy diagnosed with major depression who in all but one session made a sandplay. A computerized system was used to analyse the written verbalizations on four dimensions of positive and negative: emotions, contracts (psychosocial agreements, relationships, etc.), performance (behaviour) and rewards. It was hypothesized that the verbalizations made by the patient (recorded by the therapist) would become more positive and less negative during the course of therapy. The positive and negative values of the four dimensions were correlated with the session number. This was supported on two (performance & contract) of the four positive dimensions (statistically significant). The hypothesis that the negative dimensions would become less negative was supported on all four dimensions (statistically significant). Thus, six of the eight hypotheses were supported.This uninvestigated area of research illustrates verbal interactions between patient and therapist were an important aspect of sandplay therapy. Through reanalysing the sessions for quantitative content, written recording of direct quotes and observation of behaviour, data was entered into a valid and reliable coding system to quantitatively analyze the verbalizations. This analysis of verbalizations of the patient and observations made by the therapist indicates sandplay therapy is multifaceted.
Cephalic extraction versus breech extraction in second‐stage caesarean section: a retrospective study
Authors: Ezra O , Lahav‐Ezra H , Meyer R , Cahan T , Ilan H , Mazaki‐Tovi S , Sivan E , Barzilay E , Haas J 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveOur primary objective was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes based on the attempted mode of extraction. Our secondary objective was to compare the outcomes based on the actual mode of extraction.DesignA retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary centre between the years 2011 and 2019.SettingThe study included 1028 cases of term pregnancies in vertex presentation that were delivered by caesarean section at the second stage of delivery.PopulationPatients were grouped according to the attempted mode of extraction: attempted cephalic extraction (674) and breech extraction (354). A subgroup analysis was conducted, comparing successful cephalic extraction (615), failed cephalic extraction (59) and breech extraction (354).MethodsBoth maternal and neonatal complication rates were compared between the groups.ResultsThere were significantly more uterine incision extensions (27.4 versus 11.9%, P < 0.001) and increased need for blood transfusion (10.7 versus 6.2%, P = 0.018) in the cephalic extraction compared with the breech extraction group. The highest rate of uterine incision extensions (45.8%) and need for blood transfusion (22%) was in the subgroup of failed cephalic extraction. The rate of adverse neonatal outcomes was comparable between the two groups. However, in the subgroup of failed cephalic extraction, there were higher rates of low 1‐minute Apgar scores, NICU hospitalisation and limb fractures compared with successful cephalic extractions and breech extractions (P = 0.016, 0.01, <0.001, respectively).ConclusionsBreech extraction in second‐stage caesarean section is associated with fewer maternal complications compared wiith attempted cephalic extraction without increasing neonatal complication rates.Tweetable abstractIn breech versus cephalic extraction, breech extraction was found to have better outcomes in second‐stage caesarean section.
The Stability of 4‐Chloromethcathinone in Blood and Vitreous Humor
Authors: Nowak Karolina , Szpot Paweł , Zawadzki Marcin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present results of our study on the stability of 4‐chloromethcathinone (4‐CMC) in authentic postmortem peripheral blood and vitreous humor samples. The stability of 4‐CMC was determined in postmortem blood samples (for a period of 90 days) and vitreous humor (30 days) at three different temperatures: −15°C, +4°C, and + 23°C. The analyses were carried out using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS). In both materials, the lowest 4‐CMC stability was demonstrated at room temperature. The blood samples stored in a freezer (−15°C) showed stability for the entire study period (90 days), while in the case of the vitreous humor sample stored at the same temperature the concentration of the substance decreased by 53% after 30 days. The study carried out in authentic postmortem blood and vitreous humor samples confirms the previous reports of 4‐CMC instability in biological material. Authors suggest that the biological material should be stored frozen until analyses are carried out as soon as possible after collection of the material.
Fluidized‐bed drying of black rice grains: Impact on cooking properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds
Authors: Lang Gustavo Heinrich , Lindemann Igor da Silva , Goebel Jorge Tiago , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Acunha Tanize dos Santos , de Oliveira Maurício 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of different fluidized‐bed drying temperatures (20, 60, and 100 °C) on the cooking properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and phenolic bioaccessibility of black rice. The results indicated that the formation of fissures in the grains dried at or above 60 °C reduced the physical integrity of the grains after cooking, increasing the starch digestion and the rehydration ratio, and reduced the cooking time, the hardness and adhesiveness. Due to the higher digestibility of grains dried at higher temperatures, an increase in the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid, which was previously associated with the polysaccharides, was observed. Caffeic acid was the only phenolic compound whose levels decreased when the drying temperature increased. At high temperatures and in the gastric phase, cyanidin chalcones were formed due to the deglycosylation of cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study provide information to the food industry about the effects of different fluidized‐bed drying temperatures on the rice structure after cooking and that, consequently, affect the availability of bioactive compounds after digestion and the glycemic index of black rice.
Alcohol Cue–Induced Ventral Striatum Activity Predicts Subsequent Alcohol Self‐Administration
Authors: Lim Aaron C. , Green ReJoyce , Grodin Erica N. , Venegas Alexandra , Meredith Lindsay R. , Donato Suzanna , Burnette Elizabeth , Ray Lara A. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundHuman laboratory paradigms are a pillar in medication development for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging paradigms, in which individuals are exposed to cues that elicit neural correlates of alcohol craving (e.g., mesocorticolimbic activation), are increasingly utilized to test the effects of AUD medications. Elucidation of the translational effects of these neuroimaging paradigms on human laboratory paradigms, such as self‐administration, is warranted. The current study is a secondary analysis examining whether alcohol cue–induced activation in the ventral striatum is predictive of subsequent alcohol self‐administration in the laboratory.MethodsNon–treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers of East Asian descent (n = 41) completed a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover experiment on the effects of naltrexone on neuroimaging and human laboratory paradigms. Participants completed 5 days of study medication (or placebo); on day 4, they completed a neuroimaging alcohol taste cue–reactivity task. On the following day (day 5), participants completed a 60‐minute alcohol self‐administration paradigm.ResultsMultilevel Cox regressions indicated a significant effect of taste cue–elicited ventral striatum activation on latency to first drink, Wald χ2 = 2.88, p = 0.05, such that those with higher ventral striatum activation exhibited shorter latencies to consume their first drink. Similarly, ventral striatum activation was positively associated with total number of drinks consumed, F(1, 38) = 5.90, p = 0.02. These effects were significant after controlling for alcohol use severity, OPRM1 genotype, and medication. Other potential regions of interest (anterior cingulate, thalamus) were not predictive of self‐administration outcomes.ConclusionsNeuroimaging alcohol taste cue paradigms may be predictive of laboratory paradigms such as self‐administration. Elucidation of the relationships among different paradigms will inform how these paradigms may be used synergistically in experimental medicine and medication development.
Increased maternal new‐onset psychiatric disorders after delivering a child with a major anomaly: a cohort study
Authors: Rotberg B. , Horváth‐Puhó E. , Vigod S. , Ray J. G. , Sørensen H. T. , Cohen E. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe birth of a child with a major congenital anomaly may create chronic caregiving stress for mothers, yet little is known about their psychiatric outcomes.AimsTo evaluate the association of the birth of a child with a major congenital anomaly with subsequent maternal psychiatric risk.MethodsThis Danish nationwide cohort study included mothers who gave birth to an infant with a major congenital anomaly (n = 19 220) between 1997 and 2015. Comparators were randomly selected mothers, matched on maternal age, year of delivery and parity (n = 195 399). The primary outcome was any new‐onset psychiatric diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included specific psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric in‐patient admissions and redeemed psychoactive medicines. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for socioeconomic and medical variables.ResultsMothers of affected infants had an elevated risk for a new‐onset psychiatric disorder vs. the comparison group (adjusted HR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.22). The adjusted HR was particularly elevated during the first postpartum year (1.65, 95% CI 1.42–1.90), but remained high for years, especially among mothers of children with multiorgan anomalies (1.37, 95% CI 1.18–1.57). The risk was also elevated for most specific psychiatric diagnoses, admissions and medicines.ConclusionsMothers who give birth to a child with a major congenital anomaly are at increased risk of new‐onset psychiatric disorders, especially shortly after birth and for mothers of children with more severe anomalies. Our study highlights the need to screen for mental illness in this high‐risk population, as well as to integrate adult mental health services and paediatric care.
Simple procedure to evaluate mid‐face sagging: A pilot study from Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yin‐Chun , Chih Pei‐Ling , Lin Sheng‐Yiao , Cheng Yang‐Chun , Lan Cheng‐Che E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn easy and objective way to evaluate mid‐face sagging is marking straight lines between the nasal alar and the mandibular angle, one in the supine and the other in an upright position. The maximal distance between the two lines drawn is measured. Statistic analyses shows that this maximum distance demonstrates positive correlation with age and body mass index that reflects the level of mid‐face sagging. This simple method may be utilised to evaluate the effect of anti‐ageing treatment on the face in the context of mid‐face sagging.
Patient‐reported visual function outcome in cataract surgery: test–retest reliability of the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire
Authors: Grimfors Magnus , Lundström Mats , Hammar Ulf , Kugelberg Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo study the test–retest reliability of the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery.MethodsA single‐centre prospective non‐randomized test–retest study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire, which is a valid patient‐reported outcome measurement tool developed and used for evaluating quality and visual disability outcome in cataract surgery. Consecutive patients (n = 144) scheduled for cataract surgery completed the Catquest‐9SF twice before surgery, with a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of 14 days between the two questionnaires. A rating scale model was constructed on the basis of the questionnaires from the first measurement and used to generate scores for both the first and second measurements. The consistency was investigated by calculating intraclass correlation, Pearson correlation and a Bland–Altman plot. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsAnalyses showed an intraclass correlation of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.95), a Pearson correlation of 0.93 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94. The results fit well in a Bland–Altman plot.ConclusionThe test–retest reliability of the Swedish Catquest‐9SF is excellent. Along with previous knowledge, this supports continued use of the Catquest‐9SF in evaluating quality and outcome in cataract surgery.
Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Authors' reply
Authors: King Dominic Stephen , Trudgill Nigel John , Adderley Nicola J. 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to King et al and Benson‐Pope and Greary papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15701 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15759.
Letter: low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35° North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Authors’ reply
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan M. , Subramanian Sreedhar , Laird Eamon , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rhodes et al and Mansur papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15777 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15820.
The effectiveness of ketamine on anxiety, irritability, and agitation: Implications for treating mixed features in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Lipsitz Orly , Rodrigues Nelson B. , Lee Yena , Cha Danielle S. , Vinberg Maj , Lin Kangguang , Malhi Gin S. , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Kratiuk Kevin , Fagiolini Andrea , Gill Hartej , Nasri Flora , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Suppes Trisha , Ho Roger , Rosenblat Joshua D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ketamine on anxiety, irritability, agitation, and suicidality, in adults with treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD).MethodAdults (N = 201) with treatment‐resistant MDD or BD received repeat‐dose IV ketamine treatment at a community‐based clinic. Mixed features were measured using symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and agitation (AIA), as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) scale. The Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology Self‐Report‐16 (QIDS‐SR16) was used to measure overall treatment response, and the QIDS‐SR16 suicidal ideation (SI) item was used to measure change in SI symptoms with ketamine treatment. The anxiety, irritability, and agitation items on the GAD‐7 were used to assess effectiveness of IV ketamine in treating symptoms of mixed features.ResultsIn this retrospective analysis, 113 participants met AIA criteria. Participants with AIA experienced a significantly greater reduction in overall depressive symptoms (F(1, 558) = 9.49, P = .002), SI (F(1, 558) = 3.103, P = .079), anxiety (F(1, 198) = 5.52, P = .007), irritability (F(1, 198) = 28.35, P < .001), and agitation as measured by “trouble relaxing” (F(1, 198) = 6.70, P = .010) from baseline compared to the non‐AIA group, regardless of number of treatments received.ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest that IV ketamine is effective in rapidly treating AIA and SI in adults with treatment‐resistant mood disorders. This observation suggests that IV ketamine could be considered a treatment alternative for adults with MDD or BD presenting with mixed features.