bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing critical failure. Can routinely collected data be repurposed to predict avoidable patient harm? A quantitative descriptive study
Authors: Nowotny Benjamin Michael , Davies-Tuck Miranda , Scott Belinda , Stewart Michael , Cox Elizabeth , Cusack Karen , Fletcher Martin , Saar Eva , Farrell Tanya , Anil Shirin , McKinlay Louise , Wallace Euan M 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether sharing of routinely collected health service performance data could have predicted a critical safety failure at an Australian maternity service.DesignObservational quantitative descriptive study.SettingA public hospital maternity service in Victoria, Australia.Data sourcesA public health service; the Victorian state health quality and safety office—Safer Care Victoria; the Health Complaints Commission; Victorian Managed Insurance Authority; Consultative Council on Obstetric and Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity; Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval; Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency.Main outcome measuresNumbers and rates for events (activity, deaths, complaints, litigation, practitioner notifications). Correlation coefficients.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2014 annual birth numbers at the index hospital more than doubled with no change in bed capacity, to be significantly busier than similar services as determined using an independent samples t-test (p<0.001). There were 36 newborn deaths, 11 of which were considered avoidable. Pearson correlations revealed a weak but significant relationship between number of births per birth suite room birth and perinatal mortality (r2=0.18, p=0.003). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated that the rates of emergency neonatal and perinatal transfer were both significantly lower than similar services (both p<0.001). Direct-to-service patient complaints increased ahead of recognised excess perinatal mortality.ConclusionWhile clinical activity data and direct-to-service patient complaints appear to offer promise as potential predictors of health service stress, complaints to regulators and medicolegal activity are less promising as predictors of system failure. Significant changes to how all data are handled would be required to progress such an approach to predicting health service failure.
Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Authors: Lalloo Ratilal , Lucchesi Lydia R , Bisignano Catherine , Castle Chris D , Dingels Zachary V , Fox Jack T , Hamilton Erin B , Liu Zichen , Roberts Nicholas L S , Sylte Dillon O , Alahdab Fares , Alipour Vahid , Alsharif Ubai , Arabloo Jalal , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Banach Maciej , Bijani Ali , Crowe Christopher Stephen , Daryani Ahmad , Do Huyen Phuc , Doan Linh Phuong , Fischer Florian , Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Haagsma Juanita A , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Haj-Mirzaian Arya , Hamidi Samer , Hoang Chi Linh , Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi , Kasaeian Amir , Khader Yousef Saleh , Khalilov Rovshan , Khoja Abdullah T , Kiadaliri Aliasghar A , Majdan Marek , Manafi Navid , Manafi Ali , Massenburg Benjamin Ballard , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Morrison Shane Douglas , Nguyen Trang Huyen , Nguyen Son Hoang , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Olagunju Tinuke O , Otstavnov Nikita , Polinder Suzanne , Rabiee Navid , Rabiee Mohammad , Ramezanzadeh Kiana , Ranganathan Kavitha , Rezapour Aziz , Safari Saeed , Samy Abdallah M , Sanchez Riera Lidia , Shaikh Masood Ali , Tran Bach Xuan , Vahedi Parviz , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Zhang Zhi-Jiang , Pigott David M , Hay Simon I , Mokdad Ali H , James Spencer L 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture.MethodsWe obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls), and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes.ResultsGlobally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 493 113) new cases, 1 819 732 (1 609 419 to 2 091 618) prevalent cases, and 117 402 (73 266 to 169 689) YLDs due to facial fractures. In terms of age-standardised incidence, prevalence and YLDs, the global rates were 98 (80 to 123) per 100 000, 23 (20 to 27) per 100 000, and 2 (1 to 2) per 100 000, respectively. Facial fractures were most concentrated in Central Europe. Falls were the predominant cause in most regions.ConclusionsFacial fractures are predominantly caused by falls and occur worldwide. Healthcare systems and public health agencies should investigate methods of all injury prevention. It is important for healthcare systems in every part of the world to ensure access to treatment resources.
Combined use of contact aspiration and the stent retriever technique versus stent retriever alone for recanalization in acute cerebral infarction: the randomized ASTER 2 study protocol
Authors: Lapergue Bertrand , Labreuche Julien , Blanc Raphaël , Marnat Gaultier , Consoli Arturo , Rodesch Georges , Saleme Suzanna , Costalat Vincent , Bracard Serge , Desal Hubert , Duhamel Alain , Mazighi Mikael , Spelle Laurent , Houdart Emmanuel , Shotar Eimad , Ben Maacha Malek , Lopez Delphine , Ferre Jean-Christophe , Prevot Claire , Gory Benjamin , Piotin Michel 
Published: January 2020

RationaleMechanical thrombectomy (MT) using a stent retriever (SR) device is currently the recommended treatment in ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Combining contact aspiration (CA) with SR is a promising new treatment, although it was not found to be superior to SR alone as first-line treatment for achieving successful reperfusion.AimTo determine whether endovascular treatment combining first-line use of CA and SR is more efficient than SR alone.MethodsThe ASTER 2 clinical trial is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label trial with a blinded endpoint. We included patients admitted with suspected anterior circulation ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion <8 hours from symptom onset. They were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two treatment groups (combined CA and SR or SR alone). In the case of failure of the assigned technique after three attempts, other adjunctive techniques were applied.Study outcomeThe primary outcome is the rate of successful/complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score 2c/3) after the entire endovascular procedure. Secondary outcomes include reperfusion rates after the assigned first-line intervention alone and at the end of the procedure, procedural times, change in NIH Stroke Scale score at 24 hours, intracerebral hemorrhage at 24 hours, procedure-related serious adverse events, the modified Rankin Scale score, and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year. The cost effectiveness of the two procedures will also be analyzed.DiscussionThis is the first head-to-head randomized trial to directly compare the efficacy of the combined use of CA and SR versus SR alone. This prospective trial aims to demonstrate the synergistic effects of CA and SR devices in first-line endovascular treatment.
Extended Higgs sector of 2HDM with real singlet facing LHC data
Authors: Arhrib A. , Benbrik R. , Kacimi M. EL , Rahili L. , Semlali S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the phenomenology of the two Higgs doublet model with a real singlet scalar S (N2HDM). The model predicts three CP-even Higgses $$h_{1,2,3}$$h1,2,3, one CP-odd $$A^0$$A0 and a pair of charged Higgs. We discuss the consistency of the N2HDM with theoretical as well as with all available experimental data. In contrast with previous studies, we focus on the scenario where $$h_2$$h2 is the Standard Model (SM) 125 GeV Higgs, while $$h_1$$h1 is lighter than $$h_2$$h2 which may open a window for Higgs to Higgs decays. We perform an extensive scan into the parameter space of N2HDM of type I and explore the effect of the singlet-doublet admixture. We found that a large singlet-doublet admixture is still compatible with the recent Higgs data from LHC. Moreover, we show that $$h_1$$h1 could be quasi-fermiophobic and would decay dominantly into two photons. We also study in details the consistency of the non-detected decay of $$h_2\rightarrow h_1 h_1$$h2→h1h1 with LHC data followed by $$h_1\rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$h1→γγ which leads to four photons final state at LHC: $$pp\rightarrow h_2\rightarrow h_1 h_1\rightarrow 4\gamma $$pp→h2→h1h1→4γ. Using the results of null searches of multi-photons carried by the ATLAS collaboration, we have found that a large area of the parameter space is still allowed. We also demonstrate that various neutral Higgs of the N2HDM could have several exotic decays.
Patterns of muscle activation and modulation of ankle intrinsic stiffness in different postural operating conditions
Authors: Amiri Pouya , Kearney Robert E. 
Published: January 2020

Intrinsic stiffness describes the dynamic relationship between imposed angular perturbations to a joint and the resulting torque response, due to intrinsic mechanical properties of muscles and joint, and inertia of the limbs. Recently, we showed that ankle intrinsic stiffness changes substantially with sway in normal standing. In the present study, we documented how ankle intrinsic stiffness changes with postural operating conditions. Subjects stood on an apparatus while subjected to ankle position perturbations in five conditions: normal standing, toe-up and toe-down standing, and backward and forward lean. In each condition, ankle intrinsic stiffness was estimated while its modulation with sway was accounted for. The results demonstrated that ankle intrinsic stiffness varies widely, from 0.08 to 0.75 of critical stiffness, across postural operating conditions; however, it is always smaller than the critical stiffness. Therefore, other contributions are necessary to ensure stable standing. The mean intrinsic stiffness was highest in forward lean and lowest in backward lean. Moreover, within each operating condition, the intrinsic stiffness changed with center-of-pressure position in one of three ways, each associated with a distinct muscle activation pattern; these include 1) monotonically increasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with a progressive increase in triceps surae activation, 2) decreasing-increasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with initial activation of tibialis anterior and later activation of triceps surae, and 3) monotonically decreasing stiffness-center of pressure relation, associated with decreasing activation of tibialis anterior. Thus intrinsic stiffness varies greatly within and across postural operating conditions, and a correct understanding of postural control requires accounting for such variations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ankle intrinsic stiffness changes with sway in normal standing. We quantified such changes in different postural operating conditions and demonstrated that the intrinsic stiffness changes in a manner associated with different activation patterns of ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, emerging in different operating conditions. Large modulations of the intrinsic stiffness within and across postural operating conditions show that the stiffness importance and contribution change and must be accounted for in the study of postural control.
Association of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels with Solid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peppas Ioannis , George Gincy , Sollie Sam , Josephs Debra H. , Hammar Niklas , Walldius Göran , Karagiannis Sophia N. , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:The nature of humoral immunity in carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the association of serum immunoglobulin classes with solid cancer and test our hypothesis that the immune escape of tumors is accompanied by dysregulated systemic immunoglobulin class-switching.Methods:Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases for observational studies investigating the association between serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and histologically confirmed diagnosis of solid cancer in adults. We selected case–control studies, including more than 20 cases, and those explicitly stating that no form of anticancer treatment was administered prior to immunoglobulin measurement. No eligible cohort studies were identified. The primary summary measure was the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated using a random effects model.Results:Pooling 11 eligible studies comparing serum IgA levels in 1,351 patients and 560 control subjects revealed a statistically significant SMD (1.50; 95% CI, 0.96–2.04). Nonsignificant SMDs were observed for the 14 selected studies investigating serum IgG [SMD, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.22 to 0.18)] and for the 10 studies reporting serum IgM [SMD, 0.11 (95% CI, −0.10 to 0.32)]. Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed despite sensitivity analysis by immunoglobulin measurement method, control matching, type of cancer, stage of disease, and sequential study exclusion.Conclusions:Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients diagnosed with solid cancer might be skewed toward class-switching to IgA, possibly reflecting Th2-polarized immunity.Impact:Further combinatorial analyses of serum immunoglobulin isotypes alongside other immune parameters in databases and observational studies are warranted.
First-in-Human Experience With Peritoneal Direct Sodium Removal Using a Zero-Sodium Solution
Authors: Rao Veena S. , Turner Jeffrey M. , Griffin Matthew , Mahoney Devin , Asher Jennifer , Jeon Sangchoon , Yoo Peter S. , Boutagy Nabil , Feher Attila , Sinusas Albert , Wilson F. Perry , Finkelstein Fredric , Testani Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Loop diuretics have well-described toxicities, and loss of response to these agents is common. Alternative strategies are needed for the maintenance of euvolemia in heart failure (HF). Nonrenal removal of sodium directly across the peritoneal membrane (direct sodium removal [DSR]) with a sodium-free osmotic solution should result in extraction of large quantities of sodium with limited off-target solute removal.

Methods:
This article describes the preclinical development and first-in-human proof of concept for DSR. Sodium-free 10% dextrose was used as the DSR solution. Porcine experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal dwell time, safety, and scalability and to determine the effect of experimental heart failure. In the human study, participants with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis (PD) underwent randomization and crossover to either a 2-hour dwell with 1 L DSR solution or standard PD solution (Dianeal 4.25% dextrose, Baxter). The primary end point was completion of the 2-hour dwell without significant discomfort or adverse events, and the secondary end point was difference in sodium removal between DSR and standard PD solution.

Results:

Porcine experiments revealed that 1 L DSR solution removed 4.1±0.4 g sodium in 2 hours with negligible off-target solute removal and overall stable serum electrolytes. Increasing the volume of DSR solution cycled across the peritoneum increased sodium removal and substantially decreased plasma volume (
P
=0.005). In the setting of experimental heart failure with elevated right atrial pressure, sodium removal was ≈4 times greater than in healthy animals (
P
<0.001). In the human proof-of-concept study, DSR solution was well tolerated and not associated with significant discomfort or adverse events. Plasma electrolyte concentrations were stable, and off-target solute removal was negligible. Sodium removal was substantially higher with DSR (4.5±0.4 g) compared with standard PD solution (1.0±0.3 g;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
DSR was well tolerated in both animals and human subjects and produced substantially greater sodium removal than standard PD solution. Additional research evaluating the use of DSR as a method to prevent and treat hypervolemia in heart failure is warranted.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03801226.
Heart Rhythm Complexity Predicts Long‐Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Hsuan , Huang Jenq‐Wen , Lin Chen , Ma Hsi‐Pin , Lo Men‐Tzung , Liu Li‐Yu Daisy , Lin Lian‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Ting , Hung Chi‐Sheng , Peng Chung‐Kang , Lin Yen‐Hung 
Published: January 2020

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Heart rhythm complexity analysis has been shown to be useful in predicting outcomes in various diseases; however, data on patients with end‐stage renal disease are limited. In this study, we analyzed the association between heart rhythm complexity and long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with end‐stage renal disease receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 133 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and analyzed linear heart rate variability and heart rhythm complexity variables including detrended fluctuation analysis (
DFA
) and multiscale entropy. The primary outcome was cardiovascular mortality, and the secondary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events. After a median of 6.37 years of follow‐up, 21 patients (22%) died from cardiovascular causes. These patients had a significantly lower low‐frequency band of heart rate variability, low/high‐frequency band ratio, total power band of heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence slope, deceleration capacity, short‐term DFA (DFAα1); and multiscale entropy slopes 1 to 5, scale 5, area 1 to 5, and area 6 to 20 compared with the patients who did not die from cardiovascular causes. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that
DFA
α1 had the greatest discriminatory power for cardiovascular mortality (area under the curve: 0.763) and major adverse cardiovascular events (area under the curve: 0.730). The best cutoff value for
DFA
α1 was 0.98 to predict both cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that
DFA
α1 (hazard ratio: 0.076; 95%
CI
, 0.016–0.366;
P
=0.001) and area 1 to 5 (hazard ratio: 0.645; 95%
CI
, 0.447–0.930;
P
=0.019) were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions
Heart rhythm complexity appears to be a promising noninvasive tool to predict long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Diagnostic Criteria of Flow‐Mediated Vasodilation for Normal Endothelial Function and Nitroglycerin‐Induced Vasodilation for Normal Vascular Smooth Muscle Function of the Brachial Artery
Authors: Maruhashi Tatsuya , Kajikawa Masato , Kishimoto Shinji , Hashimoto Haruki , Takaeko Yuji , Yamaji Takayuki , Harada Takahiro , Han Yiming , Aibara Yoshiki , Mohamad Yusoff Farina , Hidaka Takayuki , Kihara Yasuki , Chayama Kazuaki , Nakashima Ayumu , Goto Chikara , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Takase Bonpei , Kohro Takahide , Suzuki Toru , Ishizu Tomoko , Ueda Shinichiro , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Furumoto Tomoo , Kario Kazuomi , Inoue Teruo , Koba Shinji , Watanabe Kentaro , Takemoto Yasuhiko , Hano Takuzo , Sata Masataka , Ishibashi Yutaka , Node Koichi , Maemura Koji , Ohya Yusuke , Furukawa Taiji , Ito Hiroshi , Ikeda Hisao , Yamashina Akira , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: January 2020

Background
Diagnostic criteria of flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of endothelial function, and nitroglycerin‐induced vasodilation (NID), an index of vascular smooth muscle function, of the brachial artery have not been established. The purpose of this study was to propose diagnostic criteria of FMD and NID for normal endothelial function and normal vascular smooth muscle function.

Methods and Results
We investigated the cutoff values of FMD and NID in subjects with (risk group) and those without cardiovascular risk factors or cardiovascular diseases (no‐risk group) in 7277 Japanese subjects (mean age 51.4±10.8 years) from the Flow‐Mediated Dilation Japan study and the Flow‐Mediated Dilatation Japan Registry study for analysis of the cutoff value of FMD and in 1764 Japanese subjects (62.2±16.1 years) from the registry of Hiroshima University Hospital for analysis of the cutoff value of NID. Receiver‐operator characteristic curve analysis of FMD to discriminate subjects in the no‐risk group from patients in the risk group showed that the optimal cutoff value of FMD to diagnose subjects in the no‐risk group was 7.1%. Receiver‐operator characteristic curve analysis of NID to discriminate subjects in the no‐risk group from patients in the risk group showed that the optimal cutoff value of NID to diagnose subjects in the no‐risk group was 15.6%.

Conclusions
We propose that the cutoff value for normal endothelial function assessed by FMD of the brachial artery is 7.1% and that the cutoff value for normal vascular smooth muscle function assessed by NID of the brachial artery is 15.6% in Japanese subjects.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.umin.ac.jp
Unique identifiers: UMIN000012950, UMIN000012951, UMIN000012952, and UMIN000003409
Child Support for Muslim Children in Family Courts in Today’s Israel
Authors: Abou Ramadan Moussa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The dual legal system of religious and civil law in Israel and the existence of a religious court system alongside a civil one causes distortions in the implementation of the rights and duties of husbands and wives. Due to this duality, in practice, in Israel, there is neither religious law nor law based on equality. This hybrid legal system leads to the reinforcement of what I will call here “patriarchal liberalism,” which means that there is a development in a liberal direction alongside obstacles and barriers that prevent advancement to full equality between men and women. Although this legal hybridity leads to the introduction of liberal norms into the legal relations between men and women, it also preserves patriarchal features. This article focuses on child support allotted to Muslim children in family courts in Israel. Since 2001, both shariʿa courts and family courts may rule in matters of child support for Muslim children, which means that there is parallel jurisdiction between the Muslim religious law according to religious belonging of the parties involved in cases.