bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thionyl chloride‐mediated synthesis of 2‐azaindolizine sulfur‐bridged dimers by CH bond direct chalcogenation of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines
Authors: Kulkarni Mahesh R. , Lad Nitin P. , Patil Shashikant M. , Gaikwad Nitin D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThionyl chloride‐mediated chalcogenation of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine serves as a new protocol for the synthesis of rare bisimidazopyridyl sulfides. This method provides the new route to synthesis of 2‐azaindolizine sulfur‐bridged dimers called chalcogenide under metal‐free, elemental sulfur‐free conditions without the use of polar solvents in regio‐selective manner, at room temperature with the simple operational procedure.
Unique transcriptional signatures of sleep loss across independently evolved cavefish populations
Authors: McGaugh Suzanne E. , Passow Courtney N. , Jaggard James Brian , Stahl Bethany A. , Keene Alex C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals respond to sleep loss with compensatory rebound sleep, and this is thought to be critical for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Sleep duration varies dramatically across animal species, but it is not known whether evolutionary differences in sleep duration are associated with differences in sleep homeostasis. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, has emerged as a powerful model for studying the evolution of sleep. While eyed surface populations of A. mexicanus sleep approximately 8 hr each day, multiple blind cavefish populations have converged on sleep patterns that total as little as 2 hr each day, providing the opportunity to examine whether the evolution of sleep loss is accompanied by changes in sleep homeostasis. Here, we examine the behavioral and molecular response to sleep deprivation across four independent populations of A. mexicanus. Our behavioral analysis indicates that surface fish and all three cavefish populations display robust recovery sleep during the day following nighttime sleep deprivation, suggesting sleep homeostasis remains intact in cavefish. We profiled transcriptome‐wide changes associated with sleep deprivation in surface fish and cavefish. While the total number of differentially expressed genes was not greater for the surface population, the surface population exhibited the highest number of uniquely differentially expressed genes than any other population. Strikingly, a majority of the differentially expressed genes are unique to individual cave populations, suggesting unique expression responses are exhibited across independently evolved cavefish populations. Together, these findings suggest sleep homeostasis is intact in cavefish despite a dramatic reduction in overall sleep duration.
β‐ecdysone promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: You Wei‐Li , Xu Zheng‐Long 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundβ‐ecdysone (βEcd) has numerous pharmacological effects, although its role in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has not yet been explored.MethodsIn cell experiments, BMSCs were induced to differentiate by osteogenic induction medium (OIM) or βEcd. In animal experiments, an osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) rat model was established using lipopolysaccharide plus methylprednisolone and treating the rats with βEcd. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of human BMSCs (hBMSCs) was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining. Histopathological changes in rat femoral head tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of RUNX2, COL1A1, OCN and phosphorylated Akt in BMSCs from rat femoral head tissues were measured by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis.ResultsAlkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodules in the βEcd‐treated BMSC group dose‐dependently increased compared to those in the control and OIM groups. The hematoxylin and eosin staining results indicated that femoral head tissues of ONFH rats showed typical osteonecrosis, which could be ameliorated by βEcd. Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated that the expression levels of RUNX2, COL1A1 and OCN in hBMSCs and femoral head tissue models were obviously increased after βEcd treatment, and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and Akt phosphorylation were also increased.ConclusionsβEcd may be beneficial for the recovery of ONFH patients by accelerating osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which may be a novel therapy for related diseases.
Factors affecting technical success of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Maruta Akinori , Iwata Keisuke , Iwashita Takuji , Yoshida Kensaku , Ando Nobuhiro , Toda Katsuhisa , Mukai Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeEndoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD), including endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD) and endoscopic gallbladder stenting (EGBS), has been reported to be an effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. However, ETGBD is considered to be more difficult than percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), and few studies have evaluated the factors that affect technical success of the procedure. We investigated the factors predicting its technical success from among patient characteristics and image findings before treatment.MethodsThree hundred twenty three patients who underwent ETGBD for acute cholecystitis from November 2006 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe technical success rate was 72.8% (235/323). The technical success rate by cystic duct direction was as follows: proximal/distal, 65.9%/93.6%; right/left: 74.0%/65.2%; cranial/caudal, 83.5%/20.0%. The clinical response rate was 96.2% (226/235). Adverse events were encountered in 5.9% of cases (19/323), including cystic duct injury (11 patients), pancreatitis (five patients), and bleeding (three patients). In both univariate and multivariate analysis, presence of cystic duct stone, dilation of the common bile duct (CBD), and cystic duct direction (proximal and caudal branches) were identified as significant factors affecting technical failure of ETGBD.ConclusionAlthough ETGBD was an effective and safe procedure for acute cholecystitis, it has a limited success rate. The presence of cystic duct stone, dilation of CBD, and cystic duct direction (proximal and caudal branches) can serve as important predictors of ETGBD difficulties. These findings should be considered before procedures and the necessary adaptation of ETGBD made.
Multiscale teleconnection analysis of monthly total and extreme precipitations in the Yangtze River Basin using ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Tao Lizhi , He Xinguang , Qin Jianxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe multiscale analysis of precipitation teleconnections with climate indices is of great significance to better understand the regional response of the precipitation variability under the different time scales to global climate change. In this study, the inherent cycles of monthly total and extreme precipitations during 1965–2016 in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) and the climate indices influencing their periodic oscillations and long‐term trends are investigated by the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition, lag correlation analysis and stepwise variable selection. Results show that the total and extreme precipitations have experienced increasing long‐term trends in the western region of the upper reach of YRB (U‐YRB) and most parts of the middle and lower reaches of YRB (ML‐YRB), and decreasing trends in the middle region of U‐YRB. The identified climate indices significantly affecting total and extreme precipitations are almost identical in the U‐YRB and ML‐YRB. The sea surface temperature anomalies over East China Sea (ECS), South China Sea (SCS), Kuroshio (KC) and Bay of Bengal (BB) with specific time lags, solar flux with 12‐month lag, and the simultaneous global average temperature anomalies (GT) and trans‐Niño index have strong linkages with precipitation components under the particular time scales in the YRB. Specifically, the ECS, SCS, KC and BB with specific time lags are identified as effective indicators of periodic oscillations of total and extreme precipitations, while the simultaneous GT is powerful for capturing their long‐term trends. The identified climate indices are further demonstrated to provide significant predictive information for total and extreme precipitations and their periodic oscillations. Moreover, their forecast ability is higher in the U‐YRB than in the ML‐YRB, which detects a strong correlation with the randomness of precipitation. Additionally, monthly total precipitation and its periodic oscillations can be predicted better than extreme precipitation and its periodic oscillations by the identified climate indices.
Superior mechanical recovery in male and female MRL/MpJ tendons is associated with a unique genetic profile
Authors: George Nisha S. , Bell Rebecca , Paredes J. J. , Taub Peter J. , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTendon ruptures heal by forming a mechanically inferior scar. We have shown that male Murphy Roths large (MRL/MpJ) mice exhibit improved tendon healing, suggesting that they can inform biological mechanisms that lead to effective tendon healing. As sex impacts healing, we assessed the effect of sex on tendon healing in MRL/MpJ and normal healer C57BL/6 (B6) mice and compared the associated biological environment with identify genes that may be integral to the improved healing outcome. We hypothesized that (a) male MRL/MpJ mice will heal with improved mechanical properties compared to females; and (b) that regenerative tendon healing will be associated with decreased fibrotic pathways, decreased inflammation, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A midsubstance punch was introduced, and tendons were harvested after (a) 1 or 7 days for profiling of 84 genes; (b) 7 or 14 days for the assessment of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity; and (c) 6 weeks for mechanical assessment. MRL/MpJ tendons healed with the better restoration of mechanical properties than B6 tendons. Sex did not affect the mechanical properties of healing B6 or MRL/MpJ tendons. Comparison of the gene expression profiles in the context of the mechanical outcome revealed several differences between MRL/MpJ and B6 tendon healing, including, lower inflammation, an earlier higher expression of TGF‐β‐related genes that diminish by 7 days, and genes associated with enhanced cell migration in MRL/MpJ in comparison to B6 tendons. We expect that the timecourse and expression levels of these genes in scarless MRL/MpJ tendon healing represent the balanced environment that leads to improved tendon healing.
Rock magnetics of carbonate systems–investigating palaeodune archives on Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)
Authors: Schneider Florian , Roettig Christopher‐Bastian , Wolf Daniel , Baumgart Philipp , Hambach Ulrich , Faust Dominik 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe mineral magnetic properties of Pleistocene aeolian dune sands from the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) were studied in order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution of Pleistocene climates during their formation. The palaeodunes on Fuerteventura mainly consist of carbonate sands admixed with dust and material of volcanic origin. Due to the low magnetic background caused by the diamagnetic character of carbonate sands, these archives offer a lot of potential for environmental magnetic studies to detect the imprint of dust, volcanic material and paedogenesis. Four sections of alternating palaeosurface–aeolianite sequences in palaeodune fields have been analysed by means of extensive rock magnetic measurements. These Quaternary archives consist of deposits originating from different sources. I. material blown from the shallow shelf, II. material of volcanic origin, and III. long‐range transported dust. The rock magnetic findings enable a more detailed interpretation of the palaeosurfaces within the sequences. We are able to differentiate semiquantitatively between the different source materials on one hand and to distinguish on the other hand those from soil‐forming processes. Soil formation is only weakly developed in the dust imprints in the palaeosol aeolianite sequences, linked to sparse vegetation cover during the Pleistocene on Fuerteventura.
Visualizing the evolution of evidence: Cumulative network meta‐analyses of new generation antidepressants in the last 40 years
Authors: Luo Yan , Chaimani Anna , Furukawa Toshi A. , Kataoka Yuki , Ogawa Yusuke , Cipriani Andrea , Salanti Georgia 
Published: April 2020

It is often challenging to present the available evidence in a timely and comprehensible manner. We aimed to visualize the evolution of evidence about antidepressants for depression by conducting cumulative network meta‐analyses (NMAs) and to examine whether it could have helped the selection of optimal drugs. We built a Shiny web application that performs and presents cumulative NMAs based on R netmeta. We used a comprehensive dataset of double‐blind randomized controlled trials of 21 antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression. The primary outcomes were efficacy (treatment response) and acceptability (all‐cause discontinuation), and treatment effects were summarized via odds ratios. We evaluated the confidence in evidence using the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis) framework for a series of consecutive NMAs. Users can change several conditions for the analysis, such as the period of synthesis, among the others. We present the league tables and two‐dimensional plots that combine efficacy, acceptability and level of confidence in the evidence together, for NMAs conducted in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016. They reveal that through the past four decades, newly approved drugs often showed initially exaggerated results, which tended to diminish and stabilize after approximately a decade. Over the years, the drugs with relative superiority changed dramatically; but as the evidence network grew larger and better connected, the overall confidence improved. The Shiny app visualizes how evidence evolved over years, emphasizing the need for a careful interpretation of relative effects between drugs, especially for the potentially amplified performance of newly approved drugs.Highlights
Network meta‐analysis is considered to be a proper way of demonstrating the available evidence, since it allows comparisons between multiple interventions, and has been proved to be statistically powerful.
It is challenging to present the voluminous results of NMA in an efficient and comprehendible manner.
Evidence evolution based on the relatively new method NMA has not been investigated yet.
The results of NMA should not only include the effects but also the confidence in the evidence, which can help interpret the findings appropriately.
Effective use of rapidly developing statistical analysis and presentation tools such as Shiny package in R, may facilitate and simplify the visualization of NMA output.
We should stay conservative towards new drugs, as their performance was often shown to be exaggerated initially, and it took time to become stable.
Three‐Channel Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Meta‐Holography and Meta‐Nanoprinting: A Single‐Cell Design Approach
Authors: Li Zile , Chen Chen , Guan Zhiqiang , Tao Jin , Chang Sheng , Dai Qi , Xiao Ying , Cui Yuan , Wang Yiqun , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing , Zhang Shuang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy virtue of the extraordinary capability of manipulating the polarization state, amplitude and phase of electromagnetic fields, metasurfaces can be employed to display holographic or nanoprinting images with unprecedented spatial resolution. Bringing holography and nanoprinting together is an effective way toward information multiplexing. However, current approaches mostly utilize interleaving or stacking nanostructures with different functionalities to construct multiplexed metasurfaces, hence they are equivalent to a combination of several metasurfaces and the information capacity of each metasurface remains unchanged. Here, by combining intensity modulation governed by Malus's law with phase manipulation based on both geometric and propagation phases, a single‐cell‐designed metasurface for three‐channel image displays is proposed. The new design strategy can significantly improve the information capacity since the extra phase modulation originates from the orientation degeneracy and dimension variation of nanostructures rather than multilayer or interleaving design. Specifically, a three‐channel metasurface is experimentally demonstrated, which can simultaneously record a continuous grayscale nanoprinting image in the near field and project two independent holographic images in the far field. With the advantages of crosstalk‐free and ultracompactness, the proposed three‐channel metasurfaces can empower the design of multifunctional nano‐optical elements for applications in image displays, optical anticounterfeiting, optical storage and many other related fields.
Self‐Assembled PMMA Porous Membranes Decorated with In Situ Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles with UV‐Tunable Wettability
Authors: Degli Esposti Micaela , Fabbri Paola , Morselli Davide 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study reports a simple approach to fabricate porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) membranes homogeneously decorated with exposed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). This fabrication method significantly overcomes the disadvantages of both conventional foaming processes and incorporation of inorganic NPs in polymeric matrices. In particular, the porous structure is simply self‐assembled by slowly evaporating a suitable solvent. The ZnO NPs are in situ formed by a thermally activated conversion of the zinc acetate precursor, previously embedded in the polymeric matrix. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations show the formation of the desired self‐assembled highly porous structure and ZnO NPs with branched morphology, respectively. The wetting behavior of the membranes surface is studied as a function of the ZnO content and UV irradiation, exploiting the switchable wettability of ZnO. The obtained unexpected results are then tentatively rationalized taking into account the surface chemistry and the roughness that arises from both porous structure and the different NPs dimensions and content.
Supramolecular Hyperbranched Poly(amino ester)s with Homogeneous Electron Delocalization for Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence
Authors: Bai Lihua , Yan Hongxia , Wang Lianlian , Bai Tian , Yuan Luyao , Zhao Yan , Feng Weixu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonconventional luminogens without conjugated chromophores have attracted much interest for their intriguing fluorescence and potential wide applications. Their emission mechanism, however, remains an open question. Herein, hyperbranched poly(amino ester) (HPAE) with novel structure is synthesized through a simple one‐pot polycondensation reaction. The HPAE exhibits strong fluorescence and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the fluorescence is attributed from electron delocalization in the supramolecular self‐assemblies of HPAE. Meanwhile, supramolecular self‐assemblies, induced by the synergy effect of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bond and amphipathicity of HPAE, rigidify the molecule conformation, leading to enhanced fluorescence. Furthermore, the HPAE exhibits single‐color emission due to its generation of homogeneous electron delocalization. Interestingly, such HPAE shows multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescence to solvent, temperature, pH, and Fe3+. Therefore, this work not only provides an important step forward in exploring the emission mechanism of nonconventional luminogens, but also develops a multi‐functional unconjugated AIE probe.
Construction and analysis of some nonstandard finite difference methods for the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation
Authors: Agbavon Koffi M. , Appadu Appanah Rao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we construct four versions of nonstandard finite difference schemes in order to solve the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation with specified initial and boundary conditions under three different regimes giving rise to three cases. The properties of the methods such as positivity and boundedness are studied. The numerical experiment chosen is quite challenging due to shock‐like profiles. The performance of the four methods is compared by computing L1, L∞ errors, rate of convergence with respect to time and central processing unit time at given time, T = 0.5. Error estimates have also been studied for the most efficient scheme.
The utility of genome‐wide cell‐free DNA screening in the prenatal diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome
Authors: Chau Matthew Hoi Kin , Lam Doris Yuk Man , Zhu Xiaofan , Kwok Yvonne Ka Yin , Ting Yuen Ha , Chan Wan Pang , Shi Mengmeng , Cheung Sunny Wai Hung , Lau Tze Kin , Ville Yves , Leung Tak Yeung , Choy Kwong Wai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report genome‐wide cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening facilitating the diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome (PKS).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of positive genome‐wide cfDNA screening results showing increased signal from chromosome 12 and the detection of PKS. The genome‐wide cfDNA screening results and the subsequent investigations were reviewed.ResultsThree singleton pregnancies (3/29007) from 2016 to 2017 yielded positive results indicating large gains on the entire p‐arm of chromosome 12. In two cases, multiple structural abnormalities were detected by prenatal ultrasound and the couples opted for termination of pregnancy. Chromosomal microarray performed on fetal skin tissues of the two abortuses detected mosaic tetrasomy 12p, consistent with PKS. In the third case, karyotype and chromosomal microarray performed on an amniotic fluid sample also showed mosaic tetrasomy 12p. In each of the three cases, genome‐wide cfDNA screening revealed a large gain on chromosome 12p; subsequent prenatal or postnatal diagnostic testing confirmed the diagnosis of PKS.ConclusionWe report the ability of genome‐wide cfDNA screening to provide early suspicion and facilitate the subsequent genetic diagnosis of PKS. As genome‐wide cfDNA screening becomes increasingly available, incidental diagnosis of partial aneuploidies is expected to increase.
Theoretical investigation of an acid catalyst for viable release of H2 from BN nanotubes: A local pair natural orbital coupled cluster approach
Authors: Roy Lisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatalytic removal of H2 from boron‐nitride (BN)‐based nanomaterials at ambient conditions is of paramount importance in order to develop lightweight hydrogen storage media. Here, the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) technique is used to calculate accurate relative energies and activation barriers of Brønsted acid‐initiated removal of H2 from hydrogenated BN nanotubes (HBNNTs) with six different acids. Three crucial steps are identified in the mechanism: first H2 release, catalyst regeneration via proton transfer, and second H2 release to ensure feasibility of the dehydrogenation proposal. Our computational studies reveal that sulfonic acids with appropriate electrophilicity can facilitate dehydrogenation of HBNNT at a low free energetic cost (∆G‡ = 17 kcal/mol). Importantly, these findings illustrate the possibility of H2 release from BN nanomaterials at ambient conditions and provides hope for a sustainable chemical hydrogen storage strategy.