bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Medical Imaging Informatics by Deep Learning-Based Domain Adaptation
Authors: Choudhary Anirudh , Tong Li , Zhu Yuanda , Wang May D. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: There has been a rapid development of deep learning (DL) models for medical imaging. However, DL requires a large labeled dataset for training the models. Getting large-scale labeled data remains a challenge, and multi-center datasets suffer from heterogeneity due to patient diversity and varying imaging protocols. Domain adaptation (DA) has been developed to transfer the knowledge from a labeled data domain to a related but unlabeled domain in either image space or feature space. DA is a type of transfer learning (TL) that can improve the performance of models when applied to multiple different datasets.
Objective: In this survey, we review the state-of-the-art DL-based DA methods for medical imaging. We aim to summarize recent advances, highlighting the motivation, challenges, and opportunities, and to discuss promising directions for future work in DA for medical imaging.
Methods: We surveyed peer-reviewed publications from leading biomedical journals and conferences between 2017-2020, that reported the use of DA in medical imaging applications, grouping them by methodology, image modality, and learning scenarios.
Results: We mainly focused on pathology and radiology as application areas. Among various DA approaches, we discussed domain transformation (DT) and latent feature-space transformation (LFST). We highlighted the role of unsupervised DA in image segmentation and described opportunities for future development.
Conclusion: DA has emerged as a promising solution to deal with the lack of annotated training data. Using adversarial techniques, unsupervised DA has achieved good performance, especially for segmentation tasks. Opportunities include domain transferability, multi-modal DA, and applications that benefit from synthetic data.
Transparency of Health Informatics Processes as the Condition of Healthcare Professionals’ and Patients’ Trust and Adoption: the Rise of Ethical Requirements
Authors: Séroussi Brigitte , Hollis Kate Fultz , Soualmia Lina F. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To provide an introduction to the 2020 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook by the editors.
Methods: This editorial provides an introduction and overview to the 2020 IMIA Yearbook which special topic is: “Ethics in Health Informatics”. The keynote paper, the survey paper of the Special Topic section, and the paper about Donald Lindberg’s ethical scientific openness in the History of Medical Informatics chapter of the Yearbook are discussed. Changes in the Yearbook Editorial Committee are also described.
Results: Inspired by medical ethics, ethics in health informatics progresses with the advances in biomedical informatics. With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data.
Conclusions: Despite privacy rules rooted in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) in the USA and even more restrictive new regulations such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation published in May 2018, some people do not believe their data will be kept confidential and may not share sensitive information with a provider, which may also induce unethical situations. Transparency on healthcare data processes is a condition of healthcare professionals’ and patients’ trust and their adoption of digital tools.
Ethical Issue as the Limiting Factor for Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Gedela Satyanarayana , Korff Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with almost one-third of these patients becoming intractable to medical treatments. For some of these patients, epilepsy surgery could be the best option. There are lot of disparities in caring of the epilepsy patients. There are multiple limitations in offering epilepsy surgery for the medically intractable epilepsy patients, resulting in almost 19 years gap from the diagnosis of intractable epilepsy to epilepsy surgery. These limitations range from patient or parental fear to lack of available resources. Sometimes we face an ethical issue being the limitation from doing the right thing for the patient. We want to share our experience with one of our patients with symptomatic medically intractable focal epilepsy from Rasmussen’s encephalitis who could not get the epilepsy surgery treatment because of an ethical issue.
Is Rhinoplasty Surgery a Risk Factor for Low Back Pain among Otorhinolaryngologists?
Authors: Kaplama Mehmet Erkan , Ak Semih , Yukkaldiran Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between low back pain and performing rhinoplasty and presents the data related to the prevalence of low back pain among the otorhinolaryngologists included in a sample. The questionnaire prepared by the researchers was completed by volunteer otorhinolaryngologists who participated in the 22nd International Rhinocamp Congress. The questionnaire prepared to investigate low back problems contained items to obtain the demographic features of the participants, whether they were performing septorhinoplasty, how many years they had been performing this procedure, whether they had any problem (ache, pain, or discomfort) in the lumbar region, whether they had been hospitalized or had surgery due to this problem, low back pain frequency and intensity, and the presence of low back pathologies (e.g., protrusion, perforated disc, and bulging) detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The research was performed with the participation of 110 otorhinolaryngologists, of whom 37.3% (n = 41) were women and 62.7% (n = 69) were men, 79.1% (n = 87) were performing rhinoplasty surgery, and 69.1% (n = 76) had low back pain. Low back pain was reported in 72.4% (n = 63) of the doctors performing rhinoplasty and 56.5% (n = 13) of those who did not perform this surgery. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of low back pain and whether the doctors performed rhinoplasty surgery (χ2 = 4.151; p = 0.042 [< 0.05]). In addition, the complaints of low back pain were affected by the number of years the doctors had been performing rhinoplasty (p = 0.001 < 0.01). Low back pain was found to be frequent among otorhinolaryngologists performing rhinoplasty. Training, exercises, and performing the operation in a position that will prevent the occurrence of lower back pain can improve quality of life and minimize labor loss caused by pain among rhinoplasty surgeons.
Various Types of Medial Tibial Bone Resorption after Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Thick Cobalt Chromium Tibial Baseplate
Authors: Song Sang Jun , Lee Hyun Woo , Kang Se Gu , Bae Dae Kyung , Park Cheol Hee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent literature has implicated a thick cobalt chromium baseplate as a potential source of stress shielding and medial tibial bone resorption after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a Western population. The purpose was to calculate the incidence of various types and severity of medial tibial bone resorption utilizing a novel classification system after TKA with a thick cobalt chromium baseplate in Asian patients. Five hundred TKAs using Attune prostheses with mean follow-up of 3.4 years were evaluated, using the prospective radiographic data. The mean age was 71.3 years. The preoperative mechanical axis was varus, 11.2 degrees. The type and severity of medial tibial bone resorption were categorized as type U (resorption under the tibial baseplate up to 50% [U1] or beyond 50% [U2] of medial tibial tray width), C (resorption around the penetrated cement under the baseplate), and M (resorption on the medial tibial cortex without extension to the baseplate). Bone resorption of medial proximal tibia was observed in 96 knees (19.2%). Types U1 and U2 were seen in 46 and 28 knees, respectively. Type C was observed in 12 knees and type M in 10 knees. The type U resorption group had significantly more preoperative varus deformity (varus 12.9 vs. 10.9 degrees, p = 0.017). Medial tibial bone resorption after TKAs using a thick cobalt chromium baseplate is not uncommon and has various locations, types, and severities. The medial tibial bone resorption might be related to various causes, including stress shielding, thermal necrosis from cement in the bony hole, and bony devascularization. The type-U resorption has to be closely observed in patients with preoperative severe varus deformity. This is a Level IV study.
Clinical Outcomes, Health Care Costs and Prognostic Factors for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multilevel Analysis of a National Cohort Study Using Administrative Claims Data
Authors: Buitrago Giancarlo , Ortiz Jorge R. , Camacho Felipe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most frequent orthopaedic surgeries. The purpose of this study was to determine the 30-day postoperative mortality rate, total episode-of-care costs, and prognostic factors associated with these outcomes, for adult patients who underwent TKA in Colombia's contributory health care system. A retrospective cohort study of all adult patients enrolled in Colombia's contributory health system, who underwent TKA between January 1, 2012 and November 30, 2015 was performed. Thirty-day postoperative mortality rates, 30-day ICU admissions rates, 30-day hospital readmission rates, 1-year arthroplasty revision rates, and total episode-of-care costs were estimated. Multilevel, generalized linear models were generated, to determine the prognostic factors associated with outcomes presented. A total of 12,453 patients were included. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.13 per 100 surgeries and the ICU admissions rate at 30 days postoperative was 4.44 per 100 surgeries. The 30-day hospital readmission rate was 4.28 per 100 surgeries and the 1-year arthroplasty revision rate was 1.22 per 100 surgeries. The prognostic factors associated with mortality were age, Charlson Index, and type of insurer. The prognostic factors associated with hospital readmission were age category, Charlson Index, and geographic region; younger age and higher Charlson Index were found to be associated with a higher 1-year arthroplasty revision rate. The median of total episode-of-care costs was USD$ 6,190.07 (interquartile range: 2,299–7,282). The multivariate model found that age, the Charlson Index, the Atlantic region, and type of insurer were associated with the costs incurred by the health system. For patients undergoing TKA in Colombia, age, the Charlson Index, insurers, and geographic region are associated with mortality, ICU admissions, 30-day hospital readmissions, 1-year arthroplasty revisions, and total costs incurred by the health system.
Effect of Local Infiltration Analgesia on Functional Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Unver Bayram , Yuksel Ertugrul , Eymir Musa , Maltepe Fikret , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLocal infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a simple, surgeon-administered technique for the treatment of postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of LIA and its effects on functional outcomes in TKA. A total of 135 patients with primary TKA were recruited and randomized either to receive LIA or to receive placebo injection (PI). Pain, active range of motion (ROM), knee function score, functional activities, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were assessed before surgery and from postoperative day (POD) 1 to at discharge. Lower pain scores at rest were recorded on POD1 and POD2 in the LIA group (p = 0.027 and p = 0.020, respectively). Lower pain score on walking was recorded on POD1 in the LIA group (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in active knee flexion between groups on POD1 (p = 0.038). There was a significant difference in LOS between LIA and PI groups. Shorter stay was seen in LIA group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of knee function score and functional outcomes. LIA technique is effective for pain management in the early postoperative period. LIA added benefit for knee function in terms of active knee flexion ROM after TKA. A shorter hospital LOS was observed in LIA group. However, we did not find any differences in groups in terms of functional assessment such as ability to rise from a chair and walking capacity.The level of evidence is randomized controlled trial, level I.
Preoperative Meniscal Extrusion Predicts Unsatisfactory Clinical Outcomes and Progression of Osteoarthritis after Isolated Partial Medial Meniscectomy: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Novaretti João V. , Astur Diego C. , Cavalcante Elton L.B. , Kaleka Camila C. , Amaro Joicemar T. , Cohen Moisés 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the association between preoperative meniscal extrusion of patients undergoing partial medial meniscectomy with clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis and to determine the extent of meniscal extrusion associated with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis. Ninety-five patients who underwent partial medial meniscectomy with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative meniscal extrusion was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores for clinical outcomes and with IKDC radiographic scale for osteoarthritis. An ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to analyze the variations in meniscal extrusion and the clinical and radiological outcomes. A regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affect preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and that influence results after partial meniscectomy. An optimal cutoff value for meniscal extrusion associated with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis was established. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean ± SD preoperative and postoperative Lysholm scores were 59.6 ± 15.5 versus 83.8 ± 13.1 (p < 0.001) and the mean preoperative and postoperative IKDC subjective scores were 59.4 ± 16.8 versus 82.0 ± 15.8 (p < 0.001). Meniscal extrusion greater than 2.2 mm (sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 81%) and 2.8 mm (sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 85%) was associated with unsatisfactory (poor/fair) Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores, respectively. The progression of osteoarthritis, characterized as a change of at least one category on the IKDC radiographic scale, occurred when meniscal extrusion was greater than 2.2 mm (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 75%). Patients with higher body mass index (BMI) had significantly greater meniscal extrusion that patients with normal BMI (p < 0.001). The medial meniscus was more extruded in patients with horizontal and root tears. In conclusion, patients with preoperative meniscal extrusion of 2.2 mm or greater had unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis after partial medial meniscectomy at a minimum of 5 years follow-up. Higher BMI and horizontal and root tears were associated with greater preoperative meniscal extrusion.
A Risk Score for Predicting the Incidence of Hemorrhage in Critically Ill Neonates: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Sokou Rozeta , Piovani Daniele , Konstantinidi Aikaterini , Tsantes Andreas G. , Parastatidou Stavroula , Lampridou Maria , Ioakeimidis Georgios , Gounaris Antonis , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Politou Marianna , Kopterides Petros , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop and validate a prediction model for hemorrhage in critically ill neonates which combines rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters and clinical variables. This cohort study included 332 consecutive full-term and preterm critically ill neonates. We performed ROTEM and used the neonatal bleeding assessment tool (NeoBAT) to record bleeding events. We fitted double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logit regression to build our prediction model. Bleeding within 24 hours of the ROTEM testing was the outcome variable, while patient characteristics, biochemical, hematological, and thromboelastometry parameters were the candidate predictors of bleeding. We used both cross-validation and bootstrap as internal validation techniques. Then, we built a prognostic index of bleeding by converting the coefficients from the final multivariable model of relevant prognostic variables into a risk score. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate the area under curve (AUC) of our prediction index. EXTEM A10 and LI60, platelet counts, and creatinine levels were identified as the most robust predictors of bleeding and included them into a Neonatal Bleeding Risk (NeoBRis) index. The NeoBRis index demonstrated excellent model performance with an AUC of 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.870–0.946). Calibration plot displayed optimal calibration and discrimination of the index, while bootstrap resampling ensured internal validity by showing an AUC of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.868–0.947). We developed and internally validated an easy-to-apply prediction model of hemorrhage in critically ill neonates. After external validation, this model will enable clinicians to quantify the 24-hour bleeding risk.
Coagulopathy and Thrombosis as a Result of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Microvascular Focus
Authors: Katneni Upendra K. , Alexaki Aikaterini , Hunt Ryan C. , Schiller Tal , DiCuccio Michael , Buehler Paul W. , Ibla Juan C. , Kimchi-Sarfaty Chava 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the clinical manifestation of the respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While primarily recognized as a respiratory disease, it is clear that COVID-19 is systemic illness impacting multiple organ systems. One defining clinical feature of COVID-19 has been the high incidence of thrombotic events. The underlying processes and risk factors for the occurrence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 remain inadequately understood. While severe bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are well recognized to activate the coagulation system, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is likely to have unique mechanistic features. Inflammatory-driven processes are likely primary drivers of coagulopathy in COVID-19, but the exact mechanisms linking inflammation to dysregulated hemostasis and thrombosis are yet to be delineated. Cumulative findings of microvascular thrombosis has raised question if the endothelium and microvasculature should be a point of investigative focus. von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its protease, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS-13), play important role in the maintenance of microvascular hemostasis. In inflammatory conditions, imbalanced VWF-ADAMTS-13 characterized by elevated VWF levels and inhibited and/or reduced activity of ADAMTS-13 has been reported. Also, an imbalance between ADAMTS-13 activity and VWF antigen is associated with organ dysfunction and death in patients with systemic inflammation. A thorough understanding of VWF-ADAMTS-13 interactions during early and advanced phases of COVID-19 could help better define the pathophysiology, guide thromboprophylaxis and treatment, and improve clinical prognosis.
Salivary extracellular vesicles inhibit Zika virus but not SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Conzelmann Carina , Groß Rüdiger , Zou Min , Krüger Franziska , Görgens André , Gustafsson Manuela O , El Andaloussi Samir , Münch Jan , Müller Janis A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTZika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted via mosquitos, but human‐to‐human transmissions also occur. The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. Thus, we here explored whether human saliva affects ZIKV infectivity. We found that physiological concentrations of pooled saliva dose‐dependently inhibit ZIKV infection of monkey and human cells by preventing viral attachment to target cells. The anti‐ZIKV activity in saliva could not be abrogated by boiling, suggesting the antiviral factor is not a protein. Instead, we found that purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from saliva inhibit ZIKV infection. Salivary EVs (saEVs) express typical EV markers such as tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 and prevent ZIKV attachment to and infection of target cells at concentrations that are naturally present in saliva. The anti‐ZIKV activity of saliva is conserved but the magnitude of inhibition varies between individual donors. In contrast to ZIKV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), predominantly spreading via respiratory droplets, is not affected by saliva or saEVs. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for why ZIKV transmission via saliva, i.e. by deep kissing have not been recorded and establish a novel oral innate immune defence mechanism against some viral pathogens.
A stretchable petal patterned strain sensor comprising Ir nanoparticles-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for human-motion detection
Authors: Teng Fu-Rui , Ren Qiang , Lai Tian-Cheng , Liu Chang , Li Ai-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For flexible strain sensors, unmodified polymer substrates often have unsatisfactory performances. Herein, we report a biomimetic petal patterned polydimethylsiloxane strain sensor comprising Ir nanoparticles-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Under optimal processing, the modified flexible strain sensor exhibits better comprehensive performances, such as sensitivity up to 20.33, sensing range of 0%–35%, response time of 242 ms, and more than 9000 cycles of repeated stretch–release. Moreover, it can be used for monitoring human pulse, wrist motion, and phonation. Such a facile and friendly flexible strain sensor will bring great potentials in wearable devices, human motion detection, and soft robotics.
Valley pseudospin relaxation of charged excitons in monolayer MoTe2
Authors: Smoleński T , Kazimierczuk T , Goryca M , Nogajewski K , Potemski M , Kossacki P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Zeeman effect induced by the magnetic field introduces a splitting between the two valleys at K
+ and K
− points of the Brillouin zone in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. In consequence, the photoluminescence signal exhibits a field dependent degree of circular polarization. We present a comprehensive study of this effect in the case of a trion in monolayer MoTe2, showing that although time integrated data allows us to deduce a g-factor of the trion state, such an analysis cannot be substantiated by the timescales revealed in the time-resolved experiments.