bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prolonged sedimentation from permafrost degradation on macroinvertebrate drift in Arctic streams
Authors: Levenstein Brianna , Lento Jennifer , Culp Joseph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRetrogressive thaw slumps are areas of unstable degraded permafrost that often drain into nearby watersheds, leading to increased sediment loads and changes in water quality. Thaw slumps are prevalent across the Arctic, including western Canada, Alaska, and Russia, and high‐altitude areas of western China. Over the past several decades, increased temperatures and precipitation in the Arctic have led to increases in the size and frequency of thaw slumps. Our study explored the effects of prolonged sedimentation from thaw slumps in the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada on benthic macroinvertebrate drift, an important biological function of stream ecosystems. Though sedimentation is known to initiate a catastrophic drift response, studies have generally not considered the drift response to ongoing, long‐term perturbation. Drift densities and sediment loads were measured using drift nets and sediment traps at paired sites upstream and downstream of thaw slumps. We compared drift densities and sediment loads between sites and examined how drift differed over a fine‐sediment gradient. The amount of suspended and settling fine sediments increased significantly at downstream sites. Drift densities decreased at downstream sites; however, when drift was corrected for benthic abundance at each site, there was an increase in proportional drift density associated with increased fine sediments. These results indicate that prolonged impacts from thaw slumps result in lower macroinvertebrate abundance and higher proportional drift relative to undisturbed sites. Ultimately, increased sediment loads from thaw slumps represent a chronic stressor that will continue to prevent recovery of macroinvertebrate communities at impacted sites until these features stabilize.
From “touch” to a “multisensory” experience: The impact of technology interface and product type on consumer responses
Authors: Mishra Anubhav , Shukla Anuja , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnline retailers are increasingly using augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies to solve mental and physical intangibility issues in a product evaluation. Moreover, the technologies are easily available and accessible to consumers via their smartphones. The authors conducted three experiments to examine consumer responses to technology interfaces (AR/VR and mobile apps) for hedonic and utilitarian products. The results show that AR is easier to use (vs. app), and users find AR more responsive when buying a hedonic (vs. utilitarian) product. Touch interface users are likely to have a more satisfying experience and greater recommendation intentions, as compared with AR, for buying utilitarian products. In contrast, a multisensory environment (AR) results in a better user experience for purchasing a hedonic product. Moreover, multisensory technologies lead to higher visual appeal, emotional appeal, and purchase intentions. The research contributes to the literature on computer‐mediated interactions in a multisensory environment and proposes actionable recommendations to online marketers.
Silicone‐Ionic Liquid Elastomer Composite with Keratin as Reinforcing Agent Utilized as Pressure Sensor
Authors: Liu Xue , Yu Liyun , Zhu Zicai , Nie Yi , Skov Anne Ladegaard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDevelopment of a flexible pressure sensor is crucial for the future improvement of the wearable electronic devices designed to detect dynamic human motion. In this study, a novel pressure sensor with remarkably improved force sensing characteristics is obtained through combined usage of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ionic liquid (IL). Keratin is dispersed homogeneously in the PDMS matrix to serve as a reinforcing filler. High conductivity IL is employed as sensitivity‐enhancing constituent in the elastomer, and the effect of the amount of IL on elastomers’ pressure‐sensing performance is investigated. The elastomer with 70 parts per hundred rubber (phr) IL shows excellent pressure‐sensing performance. This novel pressure sensor demonstrates high linear sensitivity (0.037 kPa−1) in the large pressure region of 0–10 kPa. Response and recovery times are 8 and 11 ms, respectively, which are much shorter than previously reported. Moreover, the pressure sensor could distinguish different pressures via stable sensing signals in the pressure range of 0 to 50 kPa. The excellent performance of the novel pressure sensor has application potential in various fields, such as health monitoring and soft robotics.
Incidence and risk factors of second primary cancer after the initial primary human papillomavirus related neoplasms
Authors: Shen Jiayi , Zhou Huaqiang , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Zhonghan , Fang Wenfeng , Yang Yunpeng , Hong Shaodong , Xian Wei , Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Ting , Zhang Yaxiong , Zhao Hongyun , Huang Yan , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComprehensive studies in second primary cancer (SPC) after the initial primary human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancer still remain warranted. We aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of SPC after HPV‐related cancer. We identified 86 790 patients diagnosed with initial primary HPV‐related cancer between 1973 and 2010 in the SEER database. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative incidence were calculated to assess the risk of SPC after HPV‐related cancer. The SIR of SPC after HPV‐related cancer was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55‐1.65) for male and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.22‐1.28) for female. SIR of second primary HPV‐related cancer (7.39 [95% CI, 6.26‐8.68] male and 4.35 [95% CI, 4.04‐4.67] female) was significantly higher than that of HPV‐unrelated cancer (1.54 [95% CI, 1.49‐1.60] male and 1.16 [95% CI, 1.13‐1.19] female). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of SPC was 7.22% (95% CI, 6.89‐7.55%) for male and 3.72% (95% CI, 3.58‐3.88%) for female. Risk factors for SPC included being married and having initial primary cancer (IPC) diagnosed at earlier stage for both genders, and IPC diagnosed at older age as well as surgery performed for female. Patients diagnosed with HPV‐related cancer are more likely to develop another primary cancer, compared with the age‐specific reference population.
LZTR1‐related spinal schwannomatosis and 7q11.23 duplication syndrome: A complex phenotype with dual diagnosis
Authors: Muthusamy Karthik , Mrugala Maciej M. , Bendok Bernard R. , Dhamija Radhika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDual diagnoses in genetics practice are not uncommon and patients with dual diagnosis often present with complex and challenging phenotypes. A combination of meticulous phenotyping and molecular genetic techniques are essential in solving these diagnostic odysseys.MethodsClinical features and genetic workup of a patient presenting with incidental schwannomatosis.ResultsA 19‐year‐old male presented with incidental painless schwannomatosis in the background of macrocephaly, distinctive facies, and learning disability. Comprehensive genetic testing with gene panel and chromosomal microarray led to a dual diagnosis of LZTR1‐related schwannomatosis and 7q11.23 duplication syndrome.ConclusionWe emphasize the need for high index of suspicion and comprehensive genetic testing in complex phenotypes. Interrogation of the interplay between the pathogenic variants in multiple genes could improve our understanding of the pathophysiologic pathways and contribute to therapeutic discoveries.
Synthesis of quasi‐modular circularly polarized 5G base station antenna arrays based on irregular clustering and sequential rotation
Authors: Aslan Yanki , Puskely Jan , Roederer Antoine , Yarovoy Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn unconventional, yet quasi‐modular base station phased array architecture synthesis technique is proposed for multiuser fifth‐generation applications. By keeping uniform amplitudes and linearly progressing phases at the elements of an optimal irregular array, power‐efficient side lobe suppression is achieved for effective inter‐user interference mitigation. The layout irregularity is achieved within a slice of an array, which is repeated rotationally. The sequential rotation technique is applied to obtain modularity and improve the circular polarization characteristics. A modified k‐means clustering algorithm is used to form the optimal subarrays. The simulation results indicate that the proposed quasi‐modular topologies provide a good compromise between the side lobe performance and integrated array design complexity.
A new nonstationary preconditioned iterative method for linear discrete ill‐posed problems with application to image deblurring
Authors: Buccini Alessandro , Donatelli Marco , Reichel Lothar , Zhang Wei‐Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiscrete ill‐posed inverse problems arise in many areas of science and engineering. Their solutions are very sensitive to perturbations in the data. Regularization methods aim at reducing this sensitivity. This article considers an iterative regularization method, based on iterated Tikhonov regularization, that was proposed in M. Donatelli and M. Hanke, Fast nonstationary preconditioned iterative methods for ill‐posed problems, with application to image deblurring, Inverse Problems, 29 (2013), Art. 095008, 16 pages. In this method, the exact operator is approximated by an operator that is easier to work with. However, the convergence theory requires the approximating operator to be spectrally equivalent to the original operator. This condition is rarely satisfied in practice. Nevertheless, this iterative method determines accurate image restorations in many situations. We propose a modification of the iterative method, that relaxes the demand of spectral equivalence to a requirement that is easier to satisfy. We show that, although the modified method is not an iterative regularization method, it maintains one of the most important theoretical properties for this kind of methods, namely monotonic decrease of the reconstruction error. Several computed experiments show the good performances of the proposed method.
Development and validation of the self‐stigma scale in people with diabetes
Authors: Seo Kawoun , Song Youngshin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and initially validate the Diabetes Self‐Stigma Scale for assessing self‐stigma in people with diabetes.DesignScale development and evaluation.MethodsParticipants were 399 patients with diabetes. In phase 1, initial items were generated based on the concept analysis of diabetes self‐stigma. Moreover, content validity was established by diabetes experts. Phase 2 evaluated structural validity through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated by examining stability and internal consistency.ResultsThe findings revealed that the self‐stigma scale for patients with diabetes is a valid and reliable instrument. The Diabetes Self‐Stigma Scale was confirmed with 16 items. It consists of four domains: comparative inability, social withdrawal, self‐devaluation and apprehensive feeling. The scale developed in this study can measure self‐stigma in diabetes patients and can be used as an intervention to reduce self‐stigma.
A robust multigrid method for one dimensional immersed finite element method
Authors: Wang Saihua , Wang Feng , Xu Xuejun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a robust multigrid method for 1D immersed finite element method (IFEM). It is shown that the multigrid method is optimal, which means that the convergence rate of the multigrid method is not only independent of the mesh size h and mesh level L, but also independent of the jump of the discontinuous coefficients. Although we only consider 1D interface method, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to give a rigorous theoretical analysis for the multigrid method for the IFEM. On the way to this goal, we also revisit the IFEM for the 1D interface problem and prove that the error estimates with respect to the L2 norm and weighted H1 semi‐norm are optimal and independent of the jump of the discontinuous coefficients. Numerical results are given to verify our theoretical findings.
Interpolation of the Maresh diaphyseal length data for use in quantitative analyses of growth
Authors: Spake Laure , Cardoso Hugo F. V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Maresh data are commonly used in bioarcheological growth studies as a representation of diaphyseal growth in a modern and healthy group of children. However, several problems with the way the data were reported have limited its use in quantitative analyses of growth. In this paper, we present updated and interpolated values for long bone length for age for use in calculating z‐scores, percentages of expected length, and other quantitative measures of growth. The Maresh mean and mean + 1 standard deviation values for the sexes separately and combined were first corrected for radiographic magnification. Several modeling approaches were then evaluated. This testing suggested that the best fit was provided by two third‐order polynomials fit to data ≤24 and ≥24 months, respectively. The resulting regressions were used to calculate age‐specific mean and standard deviation values in 1‐month intervals from birth until 12 years (0–144 months). Differences between the original and new values are minimal and do not exceed 1 mm. However, as the old Maresh values required rounding age down to the last attained threshold by as much as 5 months, there are differences between z‐scores calculated with original versus new values of up to 2 z‐score units, especially in children under 3 years of age where growth velocity is highest. Although these updated values do not solve the problems that made age estimation from the Maresh data unadvisable, they will be of use to researchers in conducting more precise growth studies in bioarcheological contexts.
Remanufacturing end‐of‐life silicon photovoltaics: Feasibility and viability analysis
Authors: Deng Rong , Chang Nathan , Lunardi Marina Monteiro , Dias Pablo , Bilbao Jose , Ji Jingjia , Chong Chee Mun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the rapid deployment of silicon solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies around the world, the volume of end‐of‐life (EoL) PV modules will increase exponentially in the next decade. Different EoL management strategies are being explored in the industrial and academic fields, such as recycling, remanufacturing and reusing. In this study, we used a Monte Carlo uncertainty model to identify the potential economic benefits of closed‐loop recycling of EoL PV modules when recycled silicon is integrated into different stages of the PV supply chain. Circular use of high‐purity silicon and intact silicon wafers from EoL PV modules can be economically feasible in reducing 20% of the manufacturing cost of the second‐life modules, even with some efficiency reductions. Even though the price of new PV modules is decreasing rapidly (making PV modules less attractive from a recycling perspective), circular use of material from EoL modules in second‐life production was found to have promising long‐term environmental and economic benefits. The cost–efficiency trade‐off is shown to provide cost targets for new PV recycling technologies.
Using structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between Ghanaian teachers' emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, professional identity, and work engagement
Authors: Butakor Paul K. , Guo Qi , Adebanji Atinuke O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the causal relationship between teachers' emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, professional identity, and work engagement. And to achieve this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of four scales was administered to 260 teachers selected from the Adentan Municipal in the Greater Accra Region. Exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and univariate statistical analyses were employed to analyze the data. Results of the analyses established that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between teachers' emotional intelligence and work engagement. The findings also revealed that emotional intelligence positively affected professional identity directly and indirectly through job satisfaction. It was further revealed that female teachers exhibited more professional identity and were more satisfied than their male counterparts. The study concluded with the recommendation that for Ghanaian teachers to be actively engaged with their job, they should be provided with the opportunity to develop and improve their emotional intelligence. It was also recommended that a module on emotional intelligence be included in the curriculum for training pre‐service teachers.
Stereoelectronic effects: Perlin effects in cyclohexane‐derived compounds
Authors: Jung Sebastian T. , Nickisch Roman , Reinsperger Tony , Luy Burkhard , Podlech Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStereoelectronic effects in cyclohexanones, methylenecyclohexanes, spiro, and epoxy compounds of cyclohexanes and further derivatives were investigated by measuring1JC,Hcoupling constants and by identification of Perlin effects, that is, of differences in the coupling constants for equatorial and axial CH bonds in the methylene groups of six‐membered rings. The Perlin effects were correlated with results from natural bond orbital analyses. NMR experiments and calculations were performed with conformationally restricted 4‐tert‐butyl‐substituted derivatives. It turned out that the coupling constants are strongly influenced not only by stereoelectronic interactions with CC, CO, and CN π bonds, or with the π‐type CC or CO bonds of the three‐membered rings, but also by the s character of the respective CH bonds' carbon orbital. Reliable correlations of measured and calculated coupling constants were achieved with B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and BP86/aug‐cc‐pVTZ‐J functionals.
Soft luminescent solar concentrator film with organic dye and rubbery matrix
Authors: Jo Kukhyun , Lee Sunghun , Choi Geun‐Seok , Woo Byung Hoon , Jun Young Chul , Song Hee‐eun , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Lee Hyun Hwi , Kim Hyo Jung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a soft luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) with superior light propagation. The rubbery poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) was adopted to replace the conventional brittle poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). We analyzed the transmittance, photoluminescence efficiency, crystallinity, and surface properties of LSC to understand the optical and structural properties of the LSC. In addition, we modified the optical slab model to provide insights into the optical phenomenon in plate‐type LSC devices; we evaluated the solar absorption efficiency of the glass and emitting layers. We also evaluated the solar concentration performances of the LSC devices by measuring the photocurrent density generated using a monocrystalline silicon solar cell. We compared the transporting ability of emitted light into an edge by calculating the collection efficiency based on the concentration factor and optical efficiencies (absorption and photoluminescence). The concentration factor, optical efficiency, and collection efficiency of the EVA‐LSC with 4000 ppm of Lumogen F Red 305 were 0.31, 3.1, and 40%, respectively. The overall optical properties of the EVA‐LSC were comparable to those of the PMMA‐LSC. Moreover, the light decay property of EVA‐LSC was superior by 1.2 times than PMMA‐LSC. Therefore, we suggest EVA can replace PMMA and be used for flexible and large‐area LSC applications.
Life course body mass index through childhood and young adulthood and risks of asthma and pulmonary function impairment
Authors: Chen Yang‐Ching , Kuo Han‐Pin , Hsia Shih‐Min , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Pan Wen‐Harn , Lee Yungling L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdiposity is a key risk factor for asthma and impaired pulmonary function.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the critical period of life course adiposity for asthma in childhood and young adulthood, and to determine whether associations of adiposity and asthma vary across ages.MethodsBirth weight and body mass index (BMI) from birth to 17 years of age were assessed in 6130 children from the Taiwan Children Health Study. Logistic regression for asthma outcome and linear regression for pulmonary function outcome were used to investigate associations of adiposity with asthma. Seventeen BMI‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were used to obtain genetic instrumental variables for adiposity to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsUsing both regression model and MR analyses, we confirmed that the critical period of adiposity in predicting childhood asthma would be before age 6 years. Further, we discovered that the sensitive period of adiposity gain related to young adulthood asthma was the prepubertal stage. Risks of asthma at age 17 per unit increase in z‐score of the BMI increased from 0.94 (95% CI: 0.79–1.11) at birth, and became greater than 1.00 between age 11 and 12, then increased to 1.08 (95% CI: 0.95–1.22) at age 17. The associations of life course BMI with asthma and pulmonary function impairment at age 12 and with asthma at age 17 increased with age. The aforementioned association was most prominent among central obesity indicators.ConclusionsTo prevent asthma in childhood and young adulthood, we should aim at promoting healthy growth at the toddler period and prepubertal stage.
Ab initio study of anisotropic properties in isomorphic TiX2 (X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Pandey Chhama , Ahmed Gulzar , Sharma Ramesh , Sharma Yamini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIsomorphic titanium dichalcogenides TiX2 (X = S, Se, Te) exhibit diverse and anisotropic chemical and physical properties. Bulk TiSe2 was found to exhibit anomalous behavior at low temperatures, leading to emergence of a charge density wave (CDW) due to superstructure formation, bulk TiS2 and TiTe2 do not exhibit CDW instability. The diversity is investigated through the electronic structure by using density functional theory‐based full potential linearized augmented plane wave and projector augmented wave methods. The latest generalized gradient approximation‐Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof correction for solids–Trans‐Blaha‐modified Becke–Johnson potential confirm that TiS2 is semiconducting whereas TiSe2 and TiTe2 are metallic. The diverse properties are governed by two bands, S/Se/Te p‐band near the Γ‐point and Ti 3d‐band around M (L)‐points. The phonon and energy band structures are correlated to explain the occurrence of CDW. Phonon mode with imaginary frequency indicates lattice instability and the displacements of Ti—Se atoms allows the mixing of states of the electron and hole pockets leading to lattice distortion, which lowers the energy of the TiSe2 system.