bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical Distribution of Aedes aegypti aegypti and Aedes aegypti formosus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya and Environmental Factors Related to Their Relative Abundance
Authors: Futami K , Iwashita H , Higa Y , Lutiali P A , Sonye G O , Mwatele C , Njenga S M , Minakawa N 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of various infectious viruses and is typified by a polymorphic color and abundance of white scales on the body. It has been conventionally separated into two subspecies, Ae. aeg. formosus (Walker) (Aaf) and Ae. aeg. aegypti (L.) (Aaa), with Aaf considered a ‘sylvan’ form and Aaa a ‘domestic’ form. Because the two subspecies show different susceptibilities to dengue viruses it is important to understand their distribution. In this study, we collected larvae from artificial and natural habitats in southern Kenya and reared them to adults to morphologically identify subspecies. We describe the geographical distribution and relative abundance of Aaa and Aaf in Kenya, and estimate the environmental factors associated with their distributions by GIS using climate and environment data. A total of 5,243 Ae. aegypti adults were collected from 249 sites, with Aaa accounting for 22% of the specimens. The relative abundance of Aaa was higher in coastal areas versus sites in western Kenya. Aaa abundance was also higher in urbanized than forested areas, which is consistent with known ecology. In contrast and inconsistent with previous studies, both Aaa and Aaf were sympatric in artificial and natural habitats. The high relative abundance of Aaa in coastal areas might derive from old populated cities, climate, and/or introduction from abroad.
Diagnosing pulsar winds in black-widow, redback, and other binary millisecond pulsar systems
Authors: Zilles Anne , Kotera Kumiko , Rohrmann Rene , Althaus Leandro 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBinary systems composed of a recycled millisecond pulsar and a stellar companion in close orbit could be excellent sites to diagnose pulsar winds. In such systems, the pulsar outflow irradiates and heats up the companion atmosphere, which can lead to the observation of strong day/night modulations in temperature. We demonstrate with particle shower simulations that the particle energy of the wind affects the heating depth in the atmosphere: the wind heat can be deposited above or below the photosphere, leading to different signatures in the observed spectra. We apply our method to four specific systems: We find that systems with cool night-side companions showing strong temperature variations can give interesting lower limits on the particle energy in the winds. In particular, if the companion night side of PSR B1957+20 were to be suddenly irradiated, deep heating would only take place if particles with energy &gt;100 TeV were present. Observational evidence of deep heating in this system thus suggests that (i) such particles exist in the pulsar wind and/or (ii) binary evolution non-trivially takes the companion to the observed temperature asymmetry. Besides, the observed temperature difference can be maintained only with particle energies of the order of 100 MeV.
Spectroscopic QUasar Extractor and redshift (z) Estimator squeze – I. Methodology
Authors: Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Pieri Matthew M , Blomqvist Michael , Morrison Sean , Som Debopam 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present Spectroscopic QUasar Extractor and redshift (z) Estimator squeze, a software package to classify quasar spectra and estimate their redshifts. squeze is a random forest classifier operating on the parameters of candidate emission peaks identified in the spectra. We test the performance of the algorithm using visually inspected data from BOSS as a truth table. Only 4 per cent of the sample (∼6800 quasars and ∼11 520 contaminants) is needed for converged training in recommended choices of the confidence threshold (0.2 &lt; pmin &lt; 0.7). For an operational mode that balances purity and completeness (pmin = 0.32), we recover a purity of $97.40\pm 0.47{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($99.59\pm 0.06{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for quasars with z ≥ 2.1) and a completeness of $97.46\pm 0.33{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($98.81\pm 0.13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for quasars with z ≥ 2.1). squeze can be used to obtain an ≈100 per cent pure sample of z ≥ 2.1 quasars (with ≈97 per cent completeness) by using a confidence threshold of pmin = 0.7. The estimated redshift error is $1500{\rm \, km\,s^{ -1}}$ and we recommend that squeze be used in conjunction with an additional step of redshift tuning to achieve maximum precision. We find that squeze achieves the necessary performance to replace visual inspection in BOSS-like spectroscopic surveys of quasars with subsequent publications in this series exploring expectations for future surveys and alternative methods.
Modelling X-ray RMS spectra I: intrinsically variable AGNs
Authors: Parker M L , Alston W N , Igo Z , Fabian A C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present simple xspec models for fitting excess variance spectra of active galactic nuclei. Using a simple Monte Carlo approach, we simulate a range of spectra corresponding to physical parameters varying, then calculate the resulting variance spectra. Starting from a variable power law, we build up a set of models corresponding to the different physical processes that can affect the final excess variance spectrum. We show that the complex excess variance spectrum of IRAS 13224−3809 can be well described by such an intrinsic variability model, where the power-law variability is damped by relativistic reflection and enhanced by an ultra-fast outflow. The reflection flux is correlated with that of the power law, but not perfectly. We argue that this correlation is stronger at high frequencies, where reverberation lags are detected, while excess variance spectra are typically dominated by low-frequency variability.
Hot gas flows on a parsec scale in the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 3115
Authors: Yao Zhiyuan , Gan Zhaoming 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
NGC 3115 is known as the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus that hosts the nearest (z ∼ 0.002) billion-solar-mass supermassive black hole (∼1.5 × 109 M⊙). Its Bondi radius rB (∼3.6 arcsec) can be readily resolved with Chandra, which provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the accretion flow on to a supermassive black hole. In this paper, we perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical numerical simulations, tailored for NGC 3115, on the mass flow across the Bondi radius. Our best fittings for the density and temperature agree well with the observations of the hot interstellar medium in the centre of NGC 3115. We find that the flow properties are determined solely by the local galaxy properties in the galaxy centre: (1) stellar winds (including supernova ejecta) supply the mass and energy sources for the accreting gas; (2) similar to in the one-dimensional calculations, a stagnation radius rst ∼ 0.1 rB is also found in the two-dimensional simulations, which divides the mass flow into an inflow–outflow structure; (3) the radiatively inefficient accretion flow theory applies well inside the stagnation radius, where the gravity is dominated by the supermassive black hole and the gas is supported by rotation; (4) beyond the stagnation radius, the stellar gravity dominates the spherical-like fluid dynamics and causes the transition from a steep density profile outside to a flat density profile inside the Bondi radius.
A record of the final phase of giant planet migration fossilized in the asteroid belt’s orbital structure
Authors: Clement Matthew S , Morbidelli A , Raymond S N , Kaib N A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The asteroid belt is characterized by an extreme low total mass of material on dynamically excited orbits. The Nice model explains many peculiar qualities of the Solar system, including the belt’s excited state, by invoking an orbital instability between the outer planets. However, previous studies of the Nice model’s effect on the belt’s structure struggle to reproduce the innermost asteroids’ orbital inclination distribution. Here, we show how the final phase of giant planet migration sculpts the asteroid belt, in particular its inclination distribution. As interactions with leftover planetesimals cause Saturn to move away from Jupiter, its rate of orbital precession slows as the two planets’ mutual interactions weaken. When the planets approach their modern separation, where Jupiter completes just short of five orbits for every two of Saturn’s, Jupiter’s eccentric forcing on Saturn strengthens. We use numerical simulations to show that the absence of asteroids with orbits that precess between 24 and 28 arcsec yr−1 is related to the inclination problem. As Saturn’s precession speeds back up, high-inclination asteroids are excited on to planet crossing orbits and removed from the inner main belt. Through this process, the asteroid belt’s orbital structure is reshaped, leading to markedly improved simulation outcomes.
Functional independence, access to kidney transplantation and waitlist mortality
Authors: Chu Nadia M , Sison Stephanie , Muzaale Abimereki D , Haugen Christine E , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline M , Brennan Daniel C , Norman Silas P , Segev Dorry L , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Approximately half of the patients who progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and undergo dialysis develop difficulties carrying out essential self-care activities, leading to institutionalization and mortality. It is unclear what percentage of kidney transplant (KT) candidates, a group of ESKD patients selected to be healthy enough to withstand transplantation, are functionally independent and whether independence is associated with better access to KT and reduced waitlist mortality.

Methods
We studied a prospective cohort of 3168 ESKD participants (January 2009 to June 2018) who self-reported functional independence in more basic self-care Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (needing help with eating, dressing, walking, grooming, toileting and bathing) and more complex instrumental ADL (IADL) (needing help using a phone, shopping, cooking, housework, washing, using transportation, managing medications and managing money). We estimated adjusted associations between functional independence (separately) and listing (Cox), waitlist mortality (competing risks) and transplant rates (Poisson).

Results
At KT evaluation, 92.4% were independent in ADLs, but only 68.5% were independent in IADLs. Functionally independent participants had a higher chance of listing for KT [ADL: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.87; IADL: aHR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.26–1.52]. Among KT candidates, ADL independence was associated with lower waitlist mortality risk [adjusted subdistribution HR (aSHR) = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.98] and higher rate of KT [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.58, 95% CI 1.12–2.22]; the same was not observed for IADL independence (aSHR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.65–1.12; aIRR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.97–1.19).

Conclusions
Functional independence in more basic self-care ADL was associated with better KT access and lower waitlist mortality. Nephrologists, geriatricians and transplant surgeons should screen KT candidates for ADLs, and identify interventions to promote independence and improve waitlist outcomes.
Association of all-cause mortality with pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and its peridialytic change in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Preciado Priscila , Wang Yuedong , Meyring-Wosten Anna , Raimann Jochen G , Kooman Jeroen P , van der Sande Frank M , Usvyat Len A , Maddux Dugan , Maddux Franklin W , Kotanko Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (pre-HD SBP) and peridialytic SBP change have been associated with morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) patients in previous studies, but the nature of their interaction is not well understood.

Methods
We analyzed pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change (calculated as post-HD SBP minus pre-HD SBP) between January 2001 and December 2012 in HD patients treated in US Fresenius Medical Care facilities. The baseline period was defined as Months 4–6 after HD initiation, and all-cause mortality was noted during follow-up. Only patients who survived baseline and had no missing covariates were included. Censoring events were renal transplantation, modality change or study end. We fitted a Cox proportional hazard model with a bivariate spline functions for the primary predictors (pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change) with adjustment for age, gender, race, diabetes, access-type, relative interdialytic weight gain, body mass index, albumin, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate and ultrafiltration rate.

Results
A total of 172 199 patients were included. Mean age was 62.1 years, 61.6% were white and 55% were male. During a median follow-up of 25.0 months, 73 529 patients (42.7%) died. We found that a peridialytic SBP rise combined with high pre-HD SBP was associated with higher mortality. In contrast, when concurrent with low pre-HD SBP, a peridialytic SBP rise was associated with better survival.

Conclusion
The association of pre-HD and peridialytic SBP change with mortality is complex. Our findings call for a joint, not isolated, interpretation of pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change.
Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Resection of Giant Craniopharyngioma in a Toddler—Multimodal Presurgical Planning, Surgical Technique, and Management of Complications: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Fernandez-Miranda Juan C , Hwang Peter , Grant Gerald 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A 2-yr-old patient with a giant craniopharyngioma presented with seizures and panhypopituitarism. The lesion was initially approached at an outside institution with a transfrontal cyst fenestration, but progressive growth occurred later. Multiple management options were considered; we recommended an endoscopic endonasal approach with the goal of maximal safe resection.
Virtual reality simulation and 3-dimensional printing were employed to evaluate whether the absence of pneumatization of the sinuses and the overall size of the nasal cavity could preclude effective surgical access. Our lab results suggested the binostril approach was feasible.
A wide surgical exposure was performed from planum sphenoidale to clivus and from orbit to orbit. After removing the large calcified tumor portion, we found an accurate plane of dissection between tumor capsule, hypothalami, and visual pathways. By the end of resection, arterial bleeding was encountered secondary to an avulsion of the posterior communicating artery from the posterior cerebral artery. An angled aneurysm clip was placed with a single-shaft applier to secure the site of injury without narrowing the parent artery. Immediate and delayed magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography studies showed gross total resection, no stroke, and no pseudoaneurysm formation.
On postoperative day 9, patient developed neurological decline and pneumocephalus secondary to necrotic nasoseptal flap. Two endonasal repairs with a lateral nasal wall flap were attempted with no success. A temporoparietal fascia flap was then harvested and transposed from the temporal to the pterygopalatine fossa to successfully repair the skull base defect. The patient has made an extraordinary recovery with no neurological sequalae.
The patient's parents provided consent for the procedure and use of intraoperative photos and videos for academic purposes. Institutional Review Board approval was not required.
The screening and management of newborns at risk for low blood glucose
Authors: Narvey Michael R , Marks Seth D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypoglycemia in the first hours to days after birth remains one of the most common conditions facing practitioners across Canada who care for newborns. Many cases represent normal physiologic transition to extrauterine life, but another group experiences hypoglycemia of longer duration. This statement addresses key issues for providers of neonatal care, including the definition of hypoglycemia, risk factors, screening protocols, blood glucose levels requiring intervention, and managing care for this condition. Screening, monitoring, and intervention protocols have been revised to better identify, manage, and treat infants who are at risk for persistent, recurrent, or severe hypoglycemia. The role of dextrose gels in raising glucose levels or preventing more persistent hypoglycemia, and precautions to reduce risk for recurrence after leaving hospital, are also addressed. This statement differentiates between approaches to care for hypoglycemia during the ‘transitional’ phase—the first 72 hours post-birth—and persistent hypoglycemia, which occurs or presents for the first time past that point.
Les besoins en fer jusqu’à l’âge de deux ans
Authors: Unger Sharon L , Fenton Tanis R , Jetty Radha , Critch Jeff N , O’connor Deborah L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Le fer est un micronutriment essentiel à la synthèse de l’hémoglobine, au développement du système nerveux central et à la protection contre les infections. La petite enfance est une période de vulnérabilité au cours de laquelle la carence en fer est liée à une perturbation du développement neurologique. Une situation socioéconomique défavorisée, une naissance prématurée et un régime alimentaire sous-optimal sont des facteurs de risque de carence en fer. Une surcharge de fer attribuable à une insuffisance du mécanisme d’excrétion du fer peut également se manifester. Il est capital d’offrir un apport en fer suffisant aux nourrissons jusqu’à l’âge de deux ans.
Metabolic Regulation and Development of Energy Cane Setts upon Auxin Stimulus
Authors: Cunha Camila P , de Abreu Lu�s Guilherme F , Grassi Maria Carolina B , Aricetti Juliana A , Machado Eduardo C , Pereira Gon�alo A G , Oliveira Juliana V C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Energy cane is a bioenergy crop with an outstanding ability to bud sprouting and increasing yield in ratoon cycles even in marginal lands. Bud fate control is key to biomass production and crop profits due to vegetative propagation and tiller dependency, as well as phenotype plasticity to withstand harsh environmental conditions. During the establishment stage (plant cane cycle), energy cane has a tendency for low root:shoot ratio, which might hamper the ability to cope with stress. Auxin is known to modulate bud sprouting and stimulate rooting in sugarcane. Hence, we treated a slow and a fast bud sprouting energy cane cultivars with auxin or controls (with and without water soaking) for 6 h prior to planting and evaluate plant growth parameters and metabolic profiling using two techniques (gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance) to characterize the effect and identify metabolite markers associated with bud inhibition and outgrowth. Auxin inhibited bud burst and promote rooting in setts changing the root:shoot ratio of plantlets. Metabolome allowed the identification of lactate, succinate and aspartate family amino acids as involved in bud fate control through the potential modulation of oxygen and energy status. Investigating environmental and biochemical factors that regulate bud fate can be incremental to other monocot species. Our study provides new insights into bud quiescence and outgrowth in cane hybrids, with the potential to leverage our understanding of yield-related traits, crop establishment and adaptation to global climate change.
Self-Managed Surveillance for Breast Cancer–Related Upper Body Issues: A Feasibility and Reliability Study
Authors: Rafn Bolette S , Singh Chiara A , Midtgaard Julie , Camp Pat G , McNeely Margaret L , Campbell Kristin L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Early identification of breast cancer–related upper body issues is important to enable timely physical therapist treatment.

Objective
This study evaluated the feasibility and reliability of women performing self-managed prospective surveillance for upper body issues in the early postoperative phase as part of a hospital-based physical therapy program.

Design
This was a prospective, single-site, single-group feasibility and reliability study.

Methods
Presurgery arm circumference measurements were completed at home and at the hospital by participants and by a physical therapist. Instruction in self-measurement was provided using a video guide. After surgery, all circumference measurements were repeated along with self-assessment and therapist assessment for shoulder flexion and abduction active range of motion. Feasibility was determined by recruitment/retention rates and participant-reported ease of performing self-measurements (1 [very difficult] to 10 [very easy]). Reliability was determined as intrarater reliability, interrater reliability, and agreement.

Results
Thirty-three women who were 53.4 (SD = 11.4) years old participated, with recruitment and retention rates of 79% and 94%, respectively. Participant-reported ease of measurement was 8.2 (SD = 2.2) before surgery and 8.0 (SD = 1.9) after surgery. The intrarater reliability and interrater reliability were excellent before surgery (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.94; 95% confidence interval = 0.87–0.97) and after surgery (ICC ≥ 0.91; 95% confidence interval = 0.76–0.96). Agreement between self-assessed and therapist-assessed active shoulder flexion (κ = 0.79) and abduction (κ = 0.71) was good.

Limitations
Further testing is needed using a prospective design with a longer follow-up to determine whether self-managed prospective surveillance and timely treatment can hinder the development of chronic breast cancer–related upper body issues

Conclusions
Self-measured arm circumference and shoulder range of motion are reliable, and their inclusion in a hospital-based program of prospective surveillance for upper body issues seems feasible. This approach may improve early detection and treatment
Electrocardiographic markers for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sebestyén Veronika , Szűcs Gabriella , Páll Dénes , Ujvárosy Dóra , Ötvös Tamás , Csige Imre , Pataki Tamás , Lőrincz István , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
SSc is an autoimmune disease characterized by microvascular damage, endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis of the skin and the internal organs. Cardiac manifestation in patients with SSc is one of the major organ involvements. Approximately 20% of SSc patients suffer from primary cardiovascular disease and another 20% may have secondary cardiac involvement. Although cardiac arrhythmias are mostly linked to myocardial fibrosis, atrioventricular conduction abnormalities are secondary to the fibrosis of the pulse conduction system. Despite the severe consequences of ventricular rhythm disturbances in patients with SSc, the exact role of electrocardiographic markers in the prediction of these arrhythmias has not yet been clearly elucidated. Therefore, the question is whether certain ECG parameters reflecting ventricular repolarization may help to recognize scleroderma patients with increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.