bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National identities in the context of Shakespeare’s Henry V: Exploring contemporary understandings through collocations
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan , Findlay Alison 
Published: August 2020

Shakespeare’s clearest use of dialect for sociolinguistic reasons can be found in the play Henry V, where we meet the Welshman Captain Fluellen, the Scotsman Captain Jamy and the Irishman Captain Macmorris. But what might contemporary audiences have made of these Celtic characters? What popular understandings of Celtic identities did Shakespeare’s characters trigger? Recent technological developments, largely in the domain of corpus linguistics, have enabled us to construct robust but nuanced answers to such questions. In this study, we use CQPweb, a corpus analysis tool developed by Andrew Hardie at Lancaster University, to explore Celtic identity terms in a corpus developed by the Encyclopedia of Shakespeare’s Language Project. This corpus contains some 380 million words spanning the 80-year period 1560–1639 and allows us to tap into the attitudes and stereotypes that would have become entrenched in the years leading up to Henry V’s appearance in 1599. We will show how the words tending to co-occur with the words Scots/Scottish, Irish and Welsh reveal contemporary understandings of these identities. Results flowing from the analyses of collocates include the fact that the Irish were considered wild and savage, but also that the word Irish had one particular positive use – when modifying the word rug. In discussing our findings, we will take note of critical discussions, both present day and early modern, on ‘nationhood’ in relation to these characters and identities. We will also conduct, partly for contrastive purposes, a brief analysis of the English identity.
The Association Between Oral Hygiene Behavior and Gingival Health Status with the Stage and Grade of Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dikilitas¸ Ahu , Karaaslan Fatih , Yig˘it Umut 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To analyze the association between teeth brushing (TB) and interdental cleansing (IDC) frequency changes with gingival health status and the stage and grade of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of clinical examination and questionnaires. The questionnaires include demographic information and oral hygiene (TB and IDC) behavior. More than 18-year-old participants who underwent a periodontal treatment were randomly included. 548 individuals were classified as gingival healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis according to the 2017 classification system. The degree of periodontitis was based on stage and grade systems. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The highest TB frequency (twice daily) was the highest in patients with gingivitis (83.7%) followed by healthy patients (82.9%) and patients with stage I periodontitis (52.2%). Compared to those who performed IDC daily, 18.9% of patients were healthy and 8.1% had stage II periodontitis. There was a statistically significant association between the oral hygiene behavior and periodontal health status of participants. Statistically significant association was seen between the TB and IDC with stage-grade of periodontitis. When the TB and IDC scores of different grade groups were compared at the same stage level, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study showed that periodontal health status was positively correlated with TB and IDC frequency.
Evaluation of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery Prior to Sinus Floor Elevation via Lateral Window Technique: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Bedelog˘lu Elçin , Yalçın Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence, diameter, localization of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the relationship between PSAA and the floor of the maxillary sinus and the thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, more than 500 CBCT images were retrieved. Out of them 156 CBCT images were related to the sinus floor elevation, among which 120 CBCT images were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion criteria, and 36 CBCT images were excluded. A total of 120 CBCT images of the PSSA from 60 patients comprising 32 (53.3%) men and 28 (46.7%) women were analyzed. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 22. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) were used for the analyses. Results: The ages of the participants ranged between 26 and 76 years and the mean age was 54.48 ± 10.92 years. The PSAA was detected on the right side in 95% of the CBCT scans and on the left side in 85% of the maxillary sinuses. At the first detection point (FDP) and last detection point (LDP), the mean values of the distance between the inferior border of the PSAA and the floor of the maxillary sinus were 9.54 ± 4.27 mm and 7.91 ± 4.75 mm, respectively. The mean diameters of the PSAA at the FDP and LDP were 1.36 ± 0.46 mm and 1.12 ± 0.35 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Detection of the characteristics of the PSAA by using CBCT is crucial for handling the sinus floor elevation procedures uneventfully.
Revision surgery due to failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fracture: current state-of-the-art
Authors: Liu Pei , Jin Dongxu , Zhang Changqing , Gao Youshui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFailed treatment of intertrochanteric (IT) femoral fractures leads to remarkable disability and pain, and revision surgery is frequently accompanied by higher complication and reoperation rates than primary internal fixation or primary hip arthroplasty. There is an urgent need to establish a profound strategy for the effective surgical management of these fragile patients. Salvage options are determined according to patient physiological age, functional level, life expectancy, nonunion anatomical site, fracture pattern, remaining bone quality, bone stock, and hip joint competency. In physiologically young patients, care should be taken to preserve the vitality of the femoral head with salvage internal fixation; however, for the elderly population, conversion arthroplasty can result in early weight bearing and ambulation and eliminates the risks of delayed fracture healing. Technical challenges include a difficult surgical exposure, removal of broken implants, deformity correction, critical bone defects, poor bone quality, high perioperative fracture risk, and prolonged immobilization. Overall, the salvage of failed internal fixations of IT fractures with properly selected implants and profound techniques can lead to the formulation of valuable surgical strategies and provide patients with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Does a ketogenic diet have beneficial effects on quality of life, physical activity or biomarkers in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Khodabakhshi Adeleh , Seyfried Thomas N. , Kalamian Miriam , Beheshti Maryam , Davoodi Sayed Hossein 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Despite recent interest in the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) for cancer, evidence of beneficial effects is lacking. This study examined the impact of a randomly assigned KD on quality of life, physical activity and biomarkers in patients with breast cancer.

Method
A total of 80 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer and without a history of renal disease or diabetes were randomly assigned to either a KD or a control group for this 12-week trial. Concurrent with the first, third, and fifth chemotherapy sessions, quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers (thyroid function tests, electrolytes, albumin, ammonia, ALP, lactate and serum ketones) were assessed. Dietary intake was also recorded on admission and the end of the treatment.

Results
No significant differences were seen in quality of life or physical activity scores between the two groups after 12 weeks; however, the KD group showed higher global quality of life and physical activity scores compared to the control group at 6 weeks (P = 0.02 P = 0.01). Also, serum lactate and ALP levels decreased significantly in the KD group compared to the control group at the end of the intervention (10.7 ± 3 vs 13.3 ± 4, 149 ± 71 vs 240 ± 164, P = 0.02 and P = 0.007, respectively). A significant inverse association was observed between total carbohydrate intake and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate at 12 weeks (r = − 0.77 P < 0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed in thyroid hormones, electrolytes, albumin, LDH or ammonia. Compliance among KD subjects ranged from 66.7 to 79.2% as assessed by dietary intake and serum ketones levels of > 0.5.

Conclusion
According to our results, besides a higher global quality of life and physical activity scores compared to the control group at 6 weeks, KD diet combined to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer does not bring additional benefit about quality of life and physical activity at 12 weeks. However, decreases seen in levels of lactate and ALP in the KD group suggest that a KD may benefit patients with breast cancer.

Trial registration
This trial has been registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the identification code: IRCT20171105037259N2 https://www.irct.ir/trial/30755
High-intensity statin therapy yields better outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: a meta-analysis involving 26,497 patients
Authors: Yu Shiyong , Jin Jun , Chen Zhongxiu , Luo Xiaolu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Whether high-intensity statin treatment provides more clinical benefits compared with standard statin regimens in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to comparatively assess high-intensity and standard statin regimens for efficacy and safety in patients with ACS.

Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies assessing high-intensity vs. standard statin regimens for ACS treatment from inception to April 2020. The publication language was limited to English, and 16 randomized controlled trials were finally included in this study, with a total of 26,497 patients.

Results
Compared to the standard statin regimens, the relative ratio (RR) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in ACS patients treated by high-intensity statin was 0.77 (95%CI, 0.68–0.86; P < 0.00001; prediction interval, 0.56–1.07). In subgroup analysis, high-intensity statin therapy resulted in more clinical benefits regarding MACE compared with standard statin treatment in both Asian (RR = 0.77; 95%CI, 0.61–0.98; P = 0.03) and non-Asian (RR = 0.79; 95%CI, 0.71–0.89; P < 0.0001) patients. Although adverse events were acceptable in patients with ACS administered high-intensity statin therapy, this treatment was associated with a higher rate of adverse events (4.99% vs. 2.98%), including myopathy/myalgia and elevated liver enzymes, as reflected by elevated serum aminotransferase or aminotransferase amounts.

Conclusion
The current findings indicated that high-intensity statin therapy might be beneficial in patients with ACS, and close monitoring for adverse effects should be performed.
Patterns of changes in serum lipid profiles in prediabetic subjects: results from a 16-year prospective cohort study among first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Safari Shahla , Amini Masoud , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Feizi Awat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Lipid abnormality pervasively is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that has examined the longitudinal changes in a wide range of serum lipid profiles in prediabetic subjects in association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future. This study aimed to identify the patterns of changes in lipid profiles over time in prediabetic patients and to classify these subjects in order to highlight which patients are at high risk for future diabetes.

Methods
This prospective 16-year (2003–2019) cohort study was conducted among 1228 prediabetic subjects. The study subjects were followed, and the changes in their lipid profiles, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were evaluated. The latent Markov model was used for data analysis.

Results
The mean (standard deviation) age of subjects was 44.0 (6.8) years, and 73.6% of them were female. The latent Markov model identified two latent states of subjects in terms of changes in lipid profiles: a low tendency to progress diabetes / high tendency to progress diabetes (74, 26%). The latent Markov model showed that the transition probability from a “low tendency to progress diabetic” state to a “high tendency to progress diabetic” state was lower than the transition probability from “high tendency to progress diabetic” state to “low tendency to progress diabetic” state.

Conclusions
The present study showed that more than half of the first-degree relatives of T2DM had approximately normal lipid profiles and that these patients are more inclined to transition from a higher- to a lower-tendency diabetic state. These findings confirm the value of regular screening of first-degree relatives of T2DM. Moreover, preventive intervention strategies are recommended to reduce their risk of developing T2DM.
Sarcopenia as a prognostic factor in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Sakamoto Teruhisa , Yagyu Takuki , Uchinaka Ei , Miyatani Kozo , Hanaki Takehiko , Kihara Kyoichi , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Manabu , Tokuyasu Naruo , Honjo Soichiro , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the impact of sarcopenia in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Seventy-four patients who developed postoperative recurrence of pancreatic cancer after undergoing pancreatectomies were enrolled. Sarcopenia in these patients was defined according to the psoas muscle index (PMI) measured via computed tomography at the third vertebra.

Results
The mean PMIs at the time of recurrence were 4.47 ± 1.27 cm2/m2 for men and 3.26 ± 0.70 cm2/m2 for women. Of the 74 patients, 65 (87.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia with low PMI. The 2-year post-recurrence survival curve in the sarcopenia group was significantly worse than that in the non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.034). Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcopenia at the time of recurrence was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.043) along with a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.004), early recurrence (P = 0.001), and chemotherapy after recurrence (P = 0.005) in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of sarcopenia and time to recurrence for predicting 2-year survival was 0.763, which was much higher than that of sarcopenia alone (AUC = 0.622).

Conclusions
Sarcopenia is a useful prognostic factor in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer. The combination of sarcopenia and time of recurrence may more accurately predict post-recurrence survival than can sarcopenia alone.
Application of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Xue-Qin , Wang Xing , Zhao Da-Wei , Sun Jun , Liu Jiao-Jiao , Lin Dong-Dong , Yang Guang , Liu Hui , Xia Zhen-Ying , Jia Cui-Yu , Li Hong-Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver, and its morbidity and mortality have been increasing in recent years. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of small HCC are crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. In China, hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause. HCC with a single tumor nodule of ≤ 3 cm in diameter, or HCC with a number of nodules, in which each nodule is ≤ 2 cm in diameter, with a total diameter of ≤ 3 cm, is considered as small HCC. The MRI liver-specific contrast agent can detect small HCC at the early stage. This has important clinical implications for improving the survival rate of patients.

Main body
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma, providing an important basis for the clinical selection of appropriate personalized treatment. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can reflect the degree of HCC differentiation, and the evaluation of HCC on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI would be helpful for the selection of the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients. The present study reviews the progress of the application of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the early diagnosis of small HCC, its clinical treatment, the prediction of the degree of differentiation, and the assessment of recurrence and prognosis of HCC, including the pharmacoeconomics and application limitations of Gd-EOB-DTPA. The value of the application of HCC with the Gd-EOB-DTPA was summarized to provide information for improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival of patients.

Conclusion
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI has the diagnostic capability for small HCC with a diameter of ≤ 2 cm. This will have a broader application prospect in the early diagnosis of small liver cancer with a diameter of ≤ 1 cm in the future. The relationship between GD-EOB-DTPA-MRI and the degree of HCC differentiation has a large research space, and Gd-EOB-DTPA is expected to become a potential tool for the preoperative prediction and postoperative evaluation of HCC, which would be beneficial for more appropriate treatments for HCC patients.
The survival effect of ovary preservation in early stage endometrial cancer: a single institution retrospective analysis
Authors: Shin Wonkyo , Park Sang-Yoon , Kang Sokbom , Lim Myong Cheol , Seo Sang-Soo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the effect of ovary preserving surgery in early International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage endometrial cancer patients.

Methods
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 539 patients who were diagnosed with early stage endometrial cancer between Jan 2006 and Dec 2017. Patients were categorized into ovary preservation and ovary removal groups. Demographics, recurrence free survival (RFS), and five-year overall survival (OS) rate were compared, and the clinical factors affecting survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
The median follow-up period was 85 months (range, 6–142 months), and the median age was 52.7 years. The mean age was higher in the ovary removal group than in the ovary preservation group (54.4 vs 40.94 years; P < 0.001). The ovary preservation group showed an earlier FIGO stage than the ovary removal group (P = 0.0264). There was a greater incidence of adjuvant chemotherapy administration in the removal group. There were no statistical differences in other baseline characteristics. When comparing the RFS and OS rates, there were no statistical differences between the preservation and removal groups. (recurrence free rate 98.5% vs 92.7%, p = 0.4360, and 5-year survival rate 98.6% vs 93.0%, p = 0.0892, respectively). Endometrioid histology (p = 0.006) and post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0062) were related to OS, and adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and radiotherapy (p = 0.005) were related to RFS.

Conclusions
Ovary preservation in early stage endometrial cancer is worth considering, as it does not affect survival in early stage endometrial cancer patients.
Role of biochar in promoting circular economy in the agriculture sector. Part 2: A review of the biochar roles in growing media, composting and as soil amendment
Authors: Jindo Keiji , Sánchez-Monedero Miguel Angel , Mastrolonardo Giovanni , Audette Yuki , Higashikawa Fábio Satoshi , Silva Carlos Alberto , Akashi Kinya , Mondini Claudio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiochar is utilized in modern society for multiple agricultural and environmental purposes in the framework of circular economy. The aims of this study were to review the leading edge of knowledge of studies where biochar was used in the agriculture sector, as an input for growing media, composting and to improve soil physical and chemical properties along with crop yield. Usage of biochar is promising as substitute for peat and in the composting as it reduces N losses, accelerates the process and improves the quality of final composts. The right selection of feedstock and optimization of pyrolysis conditions are key factors to tailor biochar thereby improving soil properties and increasing crop yield. Potential benefits and flaws for the usage of biochar technology in the agricultural domain are broadly reviewed and thoroughly discussed.
Response of Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue and Muscle to 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise in Obese Subjects
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph , Schneeweiss Patrick , Randrianarisoa Elko , Schnauder Günter , Kappler Lisa , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin , Birkenfeld Andreas , Niess Andreas M , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Weigert Cora , Moller Anja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextExercise training improves glycemic control and increases mitochondrial content and respiration capacity in skeletal muscle. Rodent studies suggest that training increases mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of endurance training on respiratory capacities of human skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and to study the correlation with improvement in insulin sensitivity.DesignUsing high-resolution respirometry, we analyzed biopsies from 25 sedentary (VO2 peak 25.1 ± 4.0 VO2 mL/[kg*min]) subjects (16 female, 9 male; 29.8 ± 8.4 years) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 31.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2), who did not have diabetes. They performed a supervised endurance training over 8 weeks (3 × 1 hour/week at 80% VO2 peak).ResultsBased on change in insulin sensitivity after intervention (using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [ISIMats]), subjects were grouped in subgroups as responders (&gt;15% increase in ISIMats) and low-responders. The response in ISIMats was correlated to a reduction of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volume. Both groups exhibited similar increases in fitness, respiratory capacity, and abundance of mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle fibers. Respiratory capacities in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not altered by the intervention. Compared with muscle fibers, adipose tissue respiration showed a preference for β-oxidation and complex II substrates. Respiratory capacities were higher in adipose tissue from female participants.ConclusionOur data show that the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity after endurance training is not directly related to an increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacities in skeletal muscle and occurs without an increase in the respiratory capacity of subcutaneous adipose tissue.