bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of Elastic Supports on Moving Load Identification of Euler–Bernoulli Beams Using Angular Velocity
Authors: Qiao Guandong , Rahmatalla Salam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of elastic support stiffness on the accuracy of moving load identification of Euler–Bernoulli beams. It uses the angular velocity response in solving the ill-posed inverse vibration problem and Tikhonov regularization in the load identification process of two moving loads. The effects from moving loads’ traveling direction, measurement location arrangements, number of participant measurements, and damping ratios are considered in the studies under noisy disturbance conditions. Results show that the stiffness of the translational rotational springs at the boundaries can impact the accuracy of identified moving loads considerably. Angular velocities presented much better results than accelerations under low stiffness conditions when vertical elastic supports were used. However, acceleration showed better performance when a very soft translational spring was used at one end and a much stiffer translational spring at the other end, as well as when rotational springs with large stiffness were used with simply supported beam conditions. The combination of angular velocities and accelerations provided a balanced solution for a wide range of elastic supports with different stiffnesses.
Impact and Bandgap Characteristics of Periodic Rods With Viscoelastic Inserts and Local Resonators
Authors: Alsaffar Y. , Aldraihem O. , Baz A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study is presented of the bandgap behavior of periodic viscoelastic material (VEM) composites subjected to impact loading. The composites under consideration consist of an assembly of aluminum sections integrated with periodic inserts which are arranged in one-dimensional configurations. The investigated inserts are manufactured either from VEM only or VEM with local resonators (LR). A finite element model (FEM) is developed to predict the dynamics of this class of VEM composites by integrating the dynamics of the solid aluminum sections with those of VEM using the Golla-Hughes-Mctavish (GHM) mini-oscillator approach. The integrated model enables, for the first time, the accurate predictions of the bandgap characteristics of periodic viscoelastic composites unlike previous studies where the viscoelastic damping is modeled using the complex modulus approach with storage modulus and loss factor are assumed constants and independent of the frequency or the unrealistic and physically inaccurate Kelvin–Voigt viscous-damping models. The predictions of the developed FEM are validated against the predictions of the commercial finite element package ansys. Furthermore, the FEM predictions are checked experimentally using prototypes of the VEM composites with VEM and VEM/LR inserts. Comparisons are also established against the behavior of plain aluminum rods in an attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed class of composites in mitigation of the structural response under impact loading. Close agreements are demonstrated between the theoretical predictions and the obtained experimental results.
Influence of the Carbon Content on the Surface Integrity of Deep Rolled Steels
Authors: Figueiredo dos Santos Filipe , da Costa Silva Sandro , Abrão Alexandre Mendes , Denkena Berend , Breidenstein Bernd , Meyer Kolja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Surface integrity refers to a set of characteristics of the surface and subsurface layers that have great influence on the functional performance of mechanical components under conditions of wear, corrosion, and fatigue and is determined by the manufacturing processes employed. Thus, surface treatments are used to generate a surface integrity suited to the desired function. Deep rolling is one of the surface treatments that involve cold working of the surface and subsurface layers. This work addresses the influence of selected deep rolling parameters (pressure, speed, feed, and number of passes) on the surface integrity (roughness, surface and subsurface microhardness, and microstructure) of AISI 1020, AISI 1065, and AISI 1080 carbon steels. Deep rolling significantly improved the surface finish; however, the excessive increase in pressure, associated with the reduction of the carbon content, and in feed, associated with the increase in the carbon content, increased the roughness. An increase in the number of passes, on the other hand, improved the surface finish in some cases. Under all conditions tested, deep rolling increased the microhardness of the subsurface layer and affected depth. Finally, the microstructure analysis showed that the increase in the carbon content promoted a reduction in grain deformation caused by deep rolling. Grain deformation was found to increase in AISI 1020 and AISI 1065 steels with increasing pressure and to reduce with the elevation of rolling speed and feed. The number of passes, on the other hand, affected only the subsurface layer of AISI 1020 steel.
A Mathematical Model for the Laminar Entrance Region of a Newtonian Fluid in a Cylindrical Pipe
Authors: Gross Richard J. , Garafolo Nicholas G. , McHugh Garrett R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper develops equations for velocity, pressure drop, and wall shear stress in the entrance or development region of a cylindrical pipe. The model quantifies the velocity and wall shear stress contributions to the entrance region pressure drop and illustrates how data are used to determine the numerical values of parameters needed to complete the model. It assumes a Newtonian fluid, laminar flow, steady-state, and a constant mass density fluid. The fluid axial velocity profile at the entrance region inlet is modeled by an equation that is close to a flat axial velocity and drops off to zero as the radius approaches the wall. The fluid velocity at the entrance region exit is modeled as the axial, fully developed, laminar flow parabolic velocity profile. The inlet velocity profile is multiplied by a decaying function F(x) that is unity at the entrance region inlet and decreases to zero at the entrance region exit. The exit velocity profile is multiplied by a growing function G(x) that is zero at the entrance region inlet and increases to unity at the entrance region exit. The pressure drop through the entrance region is expressed in terms of the wall viscous friction and the change in axial momentum of the fluid. Two mathematical models for F(x) and G(x) are presented. One is more advantageous when pressure drop data and a few centerline velocity data points are available, and the second is more advantageous when only velocity data are available.
Computational Protocol for Spray Flow Simulations Including Primary Atomization
Authors: Lee T.-W. , Greenlee B. , Park J. E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Primary atomization is the key element in spray flow simulations. We have, in our previous work, used and validated the integral form of the conservation equations, leading to the “quadratic formula” for determination of the drop size during spray atomization in various geometry. A computational protocol has been developed where this formulation is adapted to existing computational frameworks for continuous and dispersed (droplet) liquid phase, for simulations of pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl. In principle, this protocol can be applied to any spray geometry, with appropriate modifications in the atomization criterion. The preatomization continuous liquid motion (e.g., liquid column or sheet) is computed using volume-of-fluid (VOF) or similar methods, then the velocity data from this computation is input to the quadratic formula for determination of the local drop size. This initial drop size, along with the local liquid velocities from VOF, is then used in a Lagrangian tracking algorithm for the postatomization dispersed droplet calculations. This protocol can be implemented on coarse-grid, time-averaged simulations of spray flows, and produces convincing results when compared with experimental data for pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl. This approach is general, and can be adapted in any spray geometries for complete and efficient computations of spray flows.
Motion Planning, Guidance, and Control System for Autonomous Surface Vessel
Authors: Hinostroza M. A. , Xu Haitong , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a motion planning, guidance, and control system for an autonomous surface vessel in a practical maritime environment. The motion planning algorithm is based on the angle-guidance fast-marching square method (AFMS), and the guidance system is based on the line-of-sight (LOS) trajectory tracking algorithm. To validate the motion planning algorithm, numerical simulations were carried out to compute the optimal path in a static environment including various obstacles. The guidance and control system were tested with an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) tracking a pre-established trajectory including static obstacles. The autonomous surface vehicle is a self-propelled scaled ship model of 2.5 m equipped with sensors and actuators, inertial measurement unit (IMU), global positioning system (GPS), propulsion direct current (DC) motors, and wireless communication. From the experiments and numerical simulations, a good agreement was found.
Simulation Analysis of the System Integrating Oxy-Fuel Combustion and Char Gasification
Authors: Liu Ruochen , Graebner Martin , Tsiava Remi , Zhang Ting , Xu Shenqi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To explore the feasibility of converting hot flue gas into valuable syngas through char gasification process, Aspen Plus is applied to evaluate the performance of the integrated system including oxy-combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and flue gas recirculation. The impact of feedstock type (reed straw and municipal solid waste (MSW)), feeding rate (0.1–1 t/h), and flue gas recycle ratio (FGR) (10%–30%) is investigated. The economic analysis of the integrated system is also performed. The results indicate that higher oxygen consumption is required for biomass gasification to reach the same temperature as MSW gasification. The gasification temperature is 750 °C–950 °C under 10%–30% FGR. The CO + H2 content in syngas from biomass gasification is slightly higher than that from MSW gasification. For the integrated system, more natural gas (NG) can be saved and more fossil CO2 can be reduced under biomass gasification. When the feedstock input is 1 t/h, the fossil CO2 emission can be reduced by 70% when taking biomass, the CO2 reduction is double of that when taking MSW. The total OPEX cost can be 26% saved by biomass and 62% saved by MSW due to the government subsidy. If CO2 tax is considered, the advantage of biomass for saving OPEX cost will be more obvious.
Short-Term Precision Error of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Resistance-Trained Male Athletes
Authors: Farley Ava , Slater Gary J. , Hind Karen 
Published: November 2020

Athletic populations require high-precision body composition assessments to identify true change. Least significant change determines technical error via same-day consecutive tests but does not integrate biological variation, which is more relevant for longitudinal monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess biological variation using least significant change measures from body composition methods used on athletes, including surface anthropometry (SA), air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Thirty-two athletic males (age = 31 ± 7 years; stature = 183 ± 7 cm; mass = 92 ± 10 kg) underwent three testing sessions over 2 days using four methods. Least significant change values were calculated from differences in Day 1 Test 1 versus Day 1 Test 2 (same-day precision), as well as Day 1 Test 1 versus Day 2 (consecutive-day precision). There was high agreement between same-day and consecutive-day fat mass and fat-free mass measurements for all methods. Consecutive-day precision error in comparison with the same-day precision error was 50% higher for fat mass estimates from BIS (3,607 vs. 2,331 g), 25% higher from BOD POD (1,943 vs. 1,448 g) and DXA (1,615 vs. 1,204 g), but negligible from SA (442 vs. 586 g). Consecutive-day precision error for fat-free mass was 50% higher from BIS (3,966 vs. 2,276 g) and SA (1,159 vs. 568 g) and 25% higher from BOD POD (1,894 vs. 1,450 g) and DXA (1,967 vs. 1,461 g) than the same-day precision error. Precision error in consecutive-day analysis considers both technical error and biological variation, enhancing the identification of small, yet significant changes in body composition of resistance-trained male athletes. Given that change in physique is likely to be small in this population, the use of DXA, BOD POD, or SA is recommended.
Effects of Collagen Peptides on Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise in Resistance-Trained Males—A Pilot Study
Authors: Prowting Joel L. , Bemben Debra , Black Christopher D. , Day Eric A. , Campbell Jason A. 
Published: November 2020

The authors sought to determine whether consuming collagen peptides (CP) enhances musculoskeletal recovery of connective tissues following a damaging exercise bout. Resistance-trained males consumed 15 g/day of CP (n = 7) or placebo (n = 8), and after 7 days, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump height, soreness, and collagen turnover were examined. Five sets of 20 drop jumps were performed and outcome measures were collected 24, 48, and 120 hr postexercise. Countermovement jump height was maintained in the CP group at 24 hr (PRE = 39.9 ± 8.8 cm vs. 24 hr = 37.9 ± 8.9 cm, p = .102), whereas the CP group experienced a significant decline at 24 hr (PRE = 40.4 ± 7.9 cm vs. 24 hr = 35.5 ± 6.4 cm, p = .001; d = 0.32). In both groups, muscle soreness was significantly higher than PRE at 24 hr (p = .001) and 48 hr (p = .018) but not at 120 hr (p > .05). MVIC in both legs showed a significant time effect (left: p = .007; right: p = .010) over the 5-day postexercise period. Neither collagen biomarker changed significantly at any time point. CP supplementation attenuated performance decline 24 hr following muscle damage. Acute consumption of CP may provide a performance benefit the day following a bout of damaging exercise in resistance-trained males.
Effectiveness of Accentuated Eccentric Loading: Contingent on Concentric Load
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Tufano James J. , Falzone Michael , Jones Margaret T. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To identify acute effects of a single accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) repetition on subsequent back-squat kinetics and kinematics with different concentric loads. Methods: Resistance-trained men (N = 21) participated in a counterbalanced crossover design and completed 4 protocols (sets × repetitions at eccentric/concentric) as follows: AEL65, 3 × 5 at 120%/65% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); AEL80, 3 × 3 at 120%/80% 1-RM; TRA65, 3 × 5 at 65%/65% 1-RM; and TRA80, 3 × 3 at 80%/80% 1-RM. During AEL, weight releasers disengaged from the barbell after the eccentric phase of the first repetition and remained off for the remaining repetitions. All repetitions were performed on a force plate with linear position transducers attached to the barbell, from which eccentric and concentric peak and mean velocity, force, and power were derived. Results: Eccentric peak velocity (−0.076 [0.124] m·s−1; P = .01), concentric peak force (187.8 [284.4] N; P = .01), eccentric mean power (−145.2 [62.0] W; P = .03), and eccentric peak power (−328.6 [93.7] W; P < .01) during AEL65 were significantly greater than TRA65. When collapsed across repetitions, AEL65 resulted in slower eccentric velocity and power during repetition 1 but faster eccentric and concentric velocity and power in subsequent repetitions (P ≤ .04). When comparing AEL80 with TRA80, concentric peak force (133.8 [56.9] N; P = .03), eccentric mean power (−83.57 [38.0] W; P = .04), and eccentric peak power (−242.84 [67.3] W; P < .01) were enhanced. Conclusions: Including a single supramaximal eccentric phase of 120% 1-RM increased subsequent velocity and power with concentric loads of 65% 1-RM, but not 80% 1-RM. Therefore, AEL is sensitive to the magnitude of concentric loads, which requires a large relative difference to the eccentric load, and weight releasers may not need to be reloaded to induce performance enhancement.
Placental proteome abnormalities in women with gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational-age newborns
Authors: Assi Emma , D'Addio Francesca , Mandò Chiara , Maestroni Anna , Loretelli Cristian , Ben Nasr Moufida , Usuelli Vera , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Seelam Andy Joe , Pastore Ida , Magagnotti Cinzia , Abdi Reza , El Essawy Basset , Folli Franco , Corradi Domenico , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Cetin Irene , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent metabolic complication during pregnancy and is associated with development of short-term and long-term complications for newborns, with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) being particularly common. Interestingly, the mechanism behind altered fetal growth in GDM is only partially understood.Research design and methodsA proteomic approach was used to analyze placental samples obtained from healthy pregnant women (n=5), patients with GDM (n=12) and with GDM and LGA (n=5). Effects of altered proteins on fetal development were tested in vitro in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).ResultsHere, we demonstrate that the placental proteome is altered in pregnant women affected by GDM with LGA, with at least 37 proteins differentially expressed to a higher degree (p<0.05) as compared with those with GDM but without LGA. Among these proteins, 10 are involved in regulating tissue differentiation and/or fetal growth and development, with bone marrow proteoglycan (PRG2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) being highly expressed. Both PRG2 and DPP-4 altered the transcriptome profile of stem cells differentiation markers when tested in vitro in hESCs, suggesting a potential role in the onset of fetal abnormalities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that placental dysfunction may be directly responsible for abnormal fetal growth/development during GDM. Once established on a larger population, inhibitors of the pathways involving those altered factors may be tested in conditions such as GDM and LGA, in which therapeutic approaches are still lacking.
Temporal trends in coverage, quality and equity of maternal and child health services in Rwanda, 2000–2015
Authors: Hategeka Celestin , Arsenault Catherine , Kruk Margaret E 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAchieving the maternal and child health (MCH)-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) will require equitable and effective (quality-adjusted) coverage of recommended health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed effective coverage and equity of MCH services in Rwanda in the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era to help guide policy decisions to improve equitable health gains in the SDG era and beyond.MethodsUsing four rounds of Rwanda demographic and health surveys conducted from 2000 to 2015, we identified coverage and quality indicators for five MCH services: antenatal care (ANC), delivery care, and care for child diarrhoea, suspected pneumonia and fever. We calculated crude coverage and quality in each survey and used these to estimate effective coverage. The effective coverage should be regarded as an upper bound because there were few available quality measures. We also described equity in effective coverage of these five MCH services over time across the wealth index, area of residence and maternal education using equiplots.ResultsA total of 48 910 women aged 15–49 years and 33 429 children under 5 years were included across the four survey rounds. In 2015, average effective coverage was 33.2% (range 19.9%–44.2%) across all five MCH services, 30.1% (range 19.9%–40.2%) for maternal health services (average of ANC and delivery) and 35.3% (range 27.3%–44.2%) for sick child care (diarrhoea, pneumonia and fever). This is in contrast to crude coverage which averaged 56.5% (range 43.6%–90.7%) across all five MCH services, 67.3% (range 43.9%–90.7%) for maternal health services and 49.2% (range 43.6%–53.9%) for sick child care. Between 2010 and 2015 effective coverage increased by 154.2% (range 127.3%–170.0%) for maternal health services and by 27.4% (range 4.2%–79.6%) for sick child care. These increases were associated with widening socioeconomic inequalities in effective coverage for maternal health services, and narrowing inequalities in effective coverage for sick child care.ConclusionWhile effective coverage of common MCH services generally improved in the MDG era, it still lagged substantially behind crude coverage for the same services due to low-quality care. Overall, effective coverage of MCH services remained suboptimal and inequitable. Policies should focus on improving effective coverage of these services and reducing inequities.
Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
Authors: Candal-Pedreira Cristina , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Fernández Esteve , Ramos Jorge , Campos-Varela Isabel , Pérez-Ríos Mónica 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRetracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-time frames: during a postretraction period equivalent to the time the article had been in print before retraction; and during the total postretraction period.MethodsQuasiexperimental, pre–post evaluation study. A total of 304 retracted original articles and literature reviews indexed in MEDLINE fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were required to have been published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE from January 2013 through December 2015 and been retracted between January 2014 and December 2016. The main outcome was the number of citations received before and after retraction. Results were broken down by journal quartile according to impact factor and the most cited papers during the preretraction period were specifically analysed.ResultsThere was an increase in postretraction citations when compared with citations received preretraction. There were some exceptions however: first, citations received by articles published in first-quartile journals decreased immediately after retraction (p<0.05), only to increase again after some time had elapsed; and second, postretraction citations decreased significantly in the case of articles that had received many citations before their retraction (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate that retraction of articles has no association on citations in the long term, since the retracted articles continue to be cited, thus circumventing their retraction.