bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cutting Parameters to the Surface Roughness in Low Speed Machining of Micro-milling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Kiswanto Gandjar , Mandala A , Azmi M , Ko T. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The demand for micro-scale products is increasing rapidly in various fields of industries such as electronics, bio-medical, optical industry, and so on. Titanium alloys especially Ti-6Al-4V is one of the commonly used in bio-medical industries because of its biocompability properties. However, poor surface quality in terms of surface roughness commonly occurs because of unappropriate cutting parameters to machine this hard to cut material. This study aims to investigate the influencing machining parameters to produce micro-products with a low level of surface roughness in Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) material using a miniaturized micro-milling machine. Experiments carried out by micromilling process with variations in low rpm spindle speed and feed rate with a constant depth of cut using a carbide cutting tool of with a diameter of 1 mm. The machining results in the form of a 4 mm slot with a depth of 10 μm, which then measures its surface roughness. It was found that as the feed rate increases, the surface roughness also accordingly increases. On the other hand, the surface roughness decreases as the spindle speed increases.
Development of Langevin Piezoelectric Transducer-based Two Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Machining (2D UVAM) on 5-axis Micro-milling Machine
Authors: Kiswanto Gandjar , Poly  , Johan Y R , Ko T. J. , Kurniawan R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to design and develop a Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micro-milling (2D UVAMM) system. Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibrations produced by 2D UVAMM are used to vibrate the workpiece in the micro-milling process. The system is developed using the principle of two Langevin piezoelectric transducers which have the ability to produce ultrasonic vibrations with small vibration amplitude. Process of 2D UVAMM design optimization was done by modal simulation using Finite Element Analysis method. Both Langevin piezoelectric transducers are designed to have symmetrical and asymmetrical vibration modes with the same natural frequency, so that elliptical pattern vibrations can be generated on the workpiece. The 2D UVAMM system operates at a natural frequency of 24 kHz and has an estimated total displacement on the normal and tangential axes respectively 0.766 μm and 0.382 μm. Two power sources with frequency of 24 kHz, phase difference of 90 degrees, and peak-peak voltage of 212 volt were supplied by an ultrasonic generator to excite both of the Langevin piezoelectric transducers. To confirm the developed 2D UVAMM system, experiments were conducted to compare the surface roughness of Aluminum 6061-T6 through micro-milling with conventional method and with additional of the 2D UVAMM system.
Innovative and rapid design for I2C (inter-integrated circuit) interface communication of FPGA chips
Authors: Shieh Cheng Shion 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new design flow is proposed to greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the HDL program design. This paper successfully completes the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) chip’s external communication I2C interface design of new design flow not traditionally one. FPGA chip is often used in mobile phones, military, aerospace or other industries. Even INTEL and Microsoft and other large companies have begun to acquire FPGA-related companies, showing its importance. But the FPGA language is written in the Hardware Description Language (HDL) which is a mechanical engineering staff obstacles. Therefore, this article makes use of the MATLAB / SIMULINK tool, which is familiar with the engineering staff, to complete the FPGA chip’s I2C interface design. The advantage is that the functional simulation and HDL program can be completed at the same time, do not have to perform the function after the simulation before designing HDL program. The traditional design wastes many times to revise back and forth between function simulation and HDL program design. Finally an experimental illustration is proposed to verify the proposed design of the I2C communication interface for an HDL program on the read and write experiments of Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM).
Evaluation of side resistance of driven precast concrete piles
Authors: Marcos M C , Chen Y-J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study critically evaluates the axial side resistance of driven precast concrete (PC) piles. A wide range of load test data are classified into drained and undrained databases and subsequently used in the investigation. Each database is further divided into: (1) compression and uplift loading and (2) round and square cross sections. Measured and predicted results are both applied to examine the representative analytical models, including the alpha (α), beta (β), and lambda (λ) methods. The statistical results show that the range of values of the empirical coefficient α is wide. The predicted results of the β method are underestimated in drained loading, but they are reasonable in undrained loading. The relationship between λ and pile depth is also developed. Based on the analyses, the relative merits of the three analytical models are established, and designs for analyzing the side resistance of driven PC piles are recommended.
Solar radiation prediction based on random forest of feature-extraction
Authors: Liu J , Cao M Y , Bai D , Zhang R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to use solar energy efficiently, the accurate prediction of solar radiation is extremely important. The aim of this paper is to discuss and build the solar radiation prediction model, and an efficient method based on improving random forest is proposed in here. The random forest regression model is created for predicting solar radiation. The nine variables are taken as input of the original model, and the solar radiation as the output. The original data is normalized using Min-Max method and is mapped to the values in the range of zero to one. The large amount of radiation data has been dealt with univariate feature extraction. The classifier of the random forest tree is constructed by characteristic factors that can influence solar radiation, and the optimal parameters of the model are selected by the OOB error analysis. The relationship between M-try and OOB can be obtained by computing of the R platform. Hence, a prediction model of improved random forest solar radiation based on feature extraction has been described. Under the specific area of solar radiation forecast, the studies have been done, and the solar radiation is analyzed and compared with the different prediction methods. The simulation results prove the validity of the improved method; the root mean square error is reduced and the precision of prediction is improved. It is significant for the prediction of the amount of solar radiation under complex environment and the effective use of photovoltaic power generation.
Tree of life – intelligent environment system station design
Authors: Chen Po-Chuan , Fang Jiunn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The three elements essential for life are sunshine, air, and water. This is an undeniable fact, but with advancements in technology, amenities such as electricity, smart phones, and the internet have become the urban versions of these essential elements for life. Most people living in cities desire constant connectivity. This connectivity requires significant electricity and access to a high-speed internet connection. The purpose of this research is to design a wind turbine system modelled after the shape of a tree with the blades built inside the tree. The power generated by the tree will be stored in a power bank located inside a station adjacent to the tree and will be available to the public. Additionally, there will be WLAN antennas built inside the tree branches to provide wireless internet signals. Finally, the electricity produced will be green energy, which will help us achieve the goal of eco-friendly but intelligent life.
Economic manufacturing quantity model with machine breakdown and deteriorating production process
Authors: Chen Chung Ho 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, the author proposes a jointly setting model for determining the process mean and economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) under the machine breakdown and deteriorating production process. The system addresses the corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, and allowable shortage. The quality loss of conforming product is considered and Taguchi’s asymmetric quadratic quality loss function is used for evaluating the product quality. The optimal process mean and economic manufacturing quantity are jointly determined by minimizing the total expected cost of product per unit time including the set-up cost, holding cost, corrective maintenance cost, preventive maintenance cost, shortage cost. A solution procedure is devised to obtain the optimal solution and the sensitivity analysis of key parameters is conducted to investigate the effect on the optimal solution.
Research on harmonic suppression ability of active power filter
Authors: Shen X , Shu H C , Cao M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The system control model of double resonance injection hybrid active power filter (DIHAPF) and mathematical model of voltage source inverter with controller was established based on the structure and operating principle of DIHAPF. The injection branch features were analyzed including the static reactive power compensation capability and dividing capability of harmonic voltages. Stability and harmonic suppression capacity of DIHAPF was analyzed simultaneously. The influence of the parallel resonant circuit resonant frequency to system performance was discussed in detail. Furthermore, the method of designing the resonant frequency of parallel resonant circuit was proposed. The simulation model of DIHAPF was established and simulated on PSIM 6.0 taking nonlinear loads as harmonic current sources. A 6kV DIHAPF experiment prototype controlled by TMS320F28335 was built. Simulation and experimental results prove the validity of the analysis in this paper.
A review of reconstruction research for the lost gearing of antikythera astronomical calculator
Authors: Lin Jian Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presented a review for the reconstruction research of the Antikythera mechanism, the mechanical calculator was made around the end of second century BC in ancient Greece. Under the concluded design specifications and constraints, all possible conceptual designs of the lost mechanical structures subject to the standard of technology and science at that time were synthesized based on a systematic design procedure. This oldest astronomical calculator excavated in 1900-1901 can display the solar, lunar and planetary motions, indicate the date of Egyptian calendar, calculate the luni-solar calendars and periods, and predict the eclipses by its interior gear trains. The structures for the solar and the planetary motions are completely lost in the excavation. Without surviving evidence, restoring the lost structures by computer tomography or X-ray detection is unfeasible. Here, the author applied a design procedure with four steps, which is based on the reconstruction design methodology of lost ancient machinery. Historical archives for reconstructing Antikythera mechanism are built based on historical records, ancient astronomy, ancient astronomical instruments, as well as the kinematic and mechanism analyses of gear trains. After identifying input conditions, three and two design specifications respectively for the solar and the planetary motions are concluded and their feasible designs are synthesized by the design procedure. For each design, the equations of teeth counting are derived based on the analysis of gear ratios. Finally, the possible teeth of gears are generated and then a new reconstruction design of Antikythera mechanism with complete interior structure is built through the constraints of space and assembly. These synthesized designs form a database of reconstruction work, and one of them can be the original structure. Once new evidence is discovered, these reconstruction designs can help archaeologists decode this mechanism further.
Comparison and validation of surface topography segmentation methods for feature-based characterisation of metal powder bed fusion surfaces
Authors: Newton Lewis , Senin Nicola , Smith Bethan , Chatzivagiannis Evangelos , Leach Richard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Feature-based characterisation, i.e. the characterisation of surface topography based on the isolation of relevant topographic formations (features) and their dimensional assessment, is a developing field of surface texture metrology. Feature-based approaches provide dimensional assessments of individual features (area, width, height, etc) as well as statistical properties of feature aggregations (e.g. mean, standard deviation, etc), which may be more intuitive or related to functionality. For powder bed fusion surfaces, a commonly investigated feature of interest is the particles or spatter present on the surface. In this work, we address segmentation, a necessary step of feature-based characterisation, where the measured surface topography is spatially partitioned into regions to isolate the targeted features from their surroundings. Three topography segmentation methods are investigated: morphological segmentation on edges, contour stability analysis and active contours. To perform the comparison, three powder bed fusion surfaces obtained at differing build orientations (0°, 30° and 90°) and measured using focus variation microscopy are subjected to the three segmentation approaches - optimised to isolate spatter and particles on the surface. The comparison of the segmentation methods focuses on performance in feature identification (i.e. the capability to correctly detect the presence of features) and performance in feature boundary determination (i.e. the capability to correctly trace the boundaries of each feature). Results show that no segmentation method is consistently superior for all test cases, but the comparison approach is useful to explore and optimise segmentation alternatives for feature-based characterisation scenarios.
Ohmura’s extended electrodynamics: longitudinal aspects in general relativity
Authors: Keller Ole , Hively Lee M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Jiménez and Maroto ((2011) Phys. Rev. D 83, 023514) predicted that free-space, longitudinal electrodynamic waves can propagate in curved space-time, if the Lorenz condition is relaxed. The present work studies this possibility by combining and extending the original theory by Ohmura ((1956) Prog. Theor. Phys.
16, 684) and Woodside’s uniqueness theorem ((2009) Am. J. Phys.
77, 438) to general relativity. Our formulation results in a theory that applies to both the field- (E, B) and potential- (Φ, A) domains. We establish a self-consistent, longitudinal wave-propagation theory for the microscopic longitudinal part of the electric field (E

L
). We first show that the product of the parameters used previously for the extension of classical electrodynamics can be expressed as a superposition of microscopic displacement modes, which are confined to the energy shell, ∣ω∣ = cq. We then show that nonlinear electrodynamic mixing allows creation of longitudinal waves in the near-field region of a source. A propagator approach gives substantial physical insight into the emission process.
Origin of exceptional magneto-resistance in Weyl semimetal TaSb2
Authors: Kumar P , Sudesh  , Patnaik S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study magneto-transport properties in single crystals of TaSb2, which is a topological semimetal. In the presence of magnetic field, the electrical resistivity shows onset of insulating behaviour followed by a plateau at low temperature. Such resistivity saturation is generally assigned to topological surface states but we find that aspects of extremely large magneto resistance and resistivity plateau are well accounted by classical Kohler’s scaling. In addition, magneto-resistance in TaSb2 shows non-saturating field dependence. Evidence for anomalous Chiral transport is provided with observation of negative longitudinal magneto-resistance. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation data reveal two dominating frequencies, 201 T and 455 T. At low temperature, the field dependence of Hall resistivity shows non-linear behaviour that indicates the presence of two types of charge carriers in consonance with reported electronic band structure. Analysis of Hall resistivity implies extremely high electron mobility.
The study of alpha particle induced reactions on bismuth-209 isotopes using computer code COMPLET
Authors: Asres Yihunie Hibstie , Mathuthu Manny , Beyene Ermias Yitayew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Calculations of the excitation function of 209Bi (α, n)212At, 209Bi (α, 2n)211At and 209Bi (α, 3n)210At reactions have been focussed on alpha induced reaction. Energy ranges of alpha particles were taken into computations as 10 MeV to 70 MeV. The objective of this study is to compare the computed results with the experimental data existing in the literature for each reactions. The calculated 209Bi(α,xn) reaction cross-sections were computed using computer code COMPLET and were then compared with the experimental nuclear reaction data obtained from EXFOR library in the literature. This calculated data was analyzed and interpreted with tabular and graphical descriptions. Good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical data. The results were briefly discussed within the text of this research work.
Influence of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in Children With Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aguilar-Cordero María José , Rodríguez-Blanque Raquel , Leon-Ríos Ximena , Expósito Ruiz Manuela , García García Inmaculada , Sánchez-López Antonio Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of childhood hypertension (HT) is growing exponentially, influenced by environmental factors such as foods with high salt content, sedentary lifestyles, and poor-quality food. The incidence of HT is about 10.4% in well-nourished children, but when associated with obesity or overweight, this can rise to 38% and 68%, respectively. To assess the influence of physical activity on the blood pressure (BP) of children who are overweight or obese.

METHODS
This randomized clinical trial was carried out in Granada (Spain), from October 2015 to June 2016. The sample consisted of 98 children, all of whom were overweight or obese. The intervention group (IG) (n = 49) practised physical activity and received nutritional advice, while the control group (n = 49) only received theoretical–practical sessions on nutrition. Body composition was measured, a nutritional assessment was made and BP was determined (in percentiles, to avoid the misclassification of children who are located at the extremes of normal growth).

RESULTS
Before the physical activity intervention, 85.7% of the children in the IG (with overweight/obesity) were in the 95th or higher percentile for BP, a situation representative of high BP (HT). However, by the end of the study period, this value had decreased significantly (P = 0.001), to 16.13%.

CONCLUSIONS
Childhood obesity is a risk factor for HT. Physical activity, together with nutritional advice, effectively reduces BP in children who are overweight or obese. The use of percentiles, according to age, weight, and height, is an effective means of measuring BP.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
This study is registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02779647).
Influence of Renal Transplantation and Living Kidney Donation on Large Artery Stiffness and Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Authors: Buus Niels H , Carlsen Rasmus K , Hughes Alun D , Skov Karin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Vascular status following renal transplantation (RT) may improve while living kidney donation (LKD) is possibly associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.

Methods
We prospectively assessed glomerular filtration rate (mGFR, 51Chrome EDTA clearance) and intermediate vascular risk factors in terms of blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), central augmentation index (AIx), excess pressure (Pexcess), and forearm vascular resistance in donors (n = 58, 45 ± 13 years) and recipients (n = 51, 50 ± 12 years) before and one year following LKD or RT.

Results
After kidney donation, mGFR decreased by 33% to 65 ± 11 ml/min/1.73m2, while recipients obtained a mGFR of 55 ± 9 ml/min/1.73m.2 Ambulatory 24-hour mean arterial BP (MAP) remained unchanged in donors but decreased by 5 mm Hg in recipients (P &lt; 0.05). Carotid-femoral PWV increased by 0.3 m/s in donors (P &lt; 0.05) but remained unchanged in recipients. AIx was unaltered after LKD but decreased following RT (P &lt; 0.01), and Pexcess did not change in either group. Resting forearm resistance (Rrest), measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, increased after LKD (P &lt; 0.05) but was unaffected by RT, while no changes were seen in minimum resistance (Rmin). ΔPWV showed a positive linear association to Δ24-hour MAP in both groups. Multiple linear regression analysis (adjusting for age, gender, and the baseline value of the studied parameter) did not detect independent effects of graft function on 24-hour MAP, PWV, AIx, vascular resistance, or Pexcess, whereas low post-donation GFR was related to higher AIx and Rrest.

Conclusions
RT reduced BP and AIx without affecting PWV, whereas LKD resulted in increased PWV and Rrest, despite unchanged BP.
Demography of the giant monocarpic herb Rheum nobile in the Himalayas and the effect of disturbances by grazing
Authors: Song Bo , Stoll Peter , Peng Deli , Sun Hang , Stöcklin Jürg 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Perennity of giant rosette species in combination with a single “big bang“ reproduction followed by death of the genetic individual is relatively rare among plants. Such long-lived monocarpic plants are usually slow growing and can be found in deserts, bogs or in alpine regions of the tropics or subtropics. Due to their longevity monocarpic perennials risk to lose everything before reproduction, which make them particularly susceptible to disturbances. Because of the inherent difficulties to assess if long-lived populations are growing or declining, usually neither their demography nor the consequences of increasing grazing pressure are known.

Methods
We used integral projection modelling (IPM) to measure growth rate and passage time to flowering of Rheum nobile, a monocarpic perennial, and one of the most striking alpine plants from the high Himalayas. We estimated the impact of grazing cattle (yaks) by including in the models those rosettes, which were not found any more due to disturbances or grazing by yaks, either as missing or dead. Data was collected from plants at 4500 m a.s.l. in Shangri-la County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. In four consecutive years (2011-14) and in two populations, 372 and 369 individuals were measured, respectively, and size-dependent growth, survival and fecundity parameters were estimated. In addition, germination percentage, seedling survival, and establishment probability were assessed.

Key results
The probability of survival, of flowering and fecundity were strongly size-dependent. Time to reach flowering size was 33.5 years (95% CI from 21.9 to 43.3, stochastic estimate from pooled transitions and populations). The stochastic population growth rate (λs) of Rheum nobile was 1.013 (95% CI from 1.010 to 1.017). When disturbance by grazing cattle (yaks) was accounted for in the model, λs dropped to values below one (0.940, 95% CI from 0.938 to 0.943).

Conclusion
We conclude that natural populations of this unique species are viable, but that conservation efforts should be taken to minimise disturbances by grazing and to protect this slow-growing flagship plant from the high Himalayas.