bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freezing stress survival mechanisms inVaccinium macrocarponAit. terminal buds
Authors: Villouta Camilo , Workmaster Beth Ann , Bolivar-Medina Jenny , Sinclair Smith , Atucha Amaya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlants’ mechanisms for surviving freezing stresses are essential adaptations that allow their existence in environments with extreme winter temperatures. Although it is known that Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. buds can acclimate in fall and survive very cold temperatures during the winter, the mechanism for survival of these buds is not known. The main objective of this study was to determine which of the two major mechanisms of freezing stress survival, namely, deep supercooling or freeze-induced dehydration, are employed by V. macrocarpon terminal buds. In the present study, no low-temperature exotherms (LTEs) were detected by differential thermal analysis. Furthermore, a gradual reduction of relative liquid water content in the inner portions of buds during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans performed between 0 and −20 °C (where no damage was detected in controlled freezing tests (CFT)) indicates these buds may not deep supercool. The higher ice nucleation activity of outer bud scales and the appearance of large voids in this structure in early winter, in conjunction with the MRI observations, are evidence supportive of a freeze-induced dehydration process. In addition, the presence of tissue browning in acclimated buds as a result of freezing stress was only observed in CFT at temperatures below −20 °C, and this damage gradually increased as test temperatures decreased and at different rates depending on the bud structure. Ours is the first study to collect multiple lines of evidence to suggest that V. macrocarpon terminal buds survive long periods of freezing stress by freeze-induced dehydration. Our results provide a framework for future studies of cold hardiness dynamics for V. macrocarpon and other woody perennial species and for the screening of breeding populations for freezing stress tolerance traits.
Comparative Evaluation of Parental Stress Experiences Up to 2 to 3 Years After Preterm and Term Birth
Authors: Schuetz Haemmerli Natascha , Lemola Sakari , Holditch-Davis Diane , Cignacco Eva 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Parenting stress after preterm birth (PTB) has negative long-term effects on parenting. Research about parental experiences after PTB and on parenting stress in early childhood has focused on mothers.

Purpose:
To compare parenting stress between mothers and fathers 2 to 3 years after PTB and full-term birth (FTB) and to explore their memories about their stress experience, especially after PTB.

Methods:
Fifty-four mothers and fathers in Switzerland whose children were PTB and 65 parents of FTB completed the Parenting Stress Index 2 to 3 years after birth. We compared scores between PTB and FTB and between mothers and fathers. A random subset of parents took part in semistructured interviews that began with photo-elicitation. We analyzed the data thematically. We cross-validated and corroborated qualitative and quantitative findings about parenting stress 2 to 3 years after birth.

Results:
Preterm birth is stressful for parents who cannot take a child's health for granted, but stress experiences after FTB and PTB equalize within 2 to 3 years. Mothers were the primary caregivers and suffered more stress than fathers. For parents with PTB, positive communications from healthcare workers strengthened parental coping in neonatal intensive care unit and after discharge, but parents perceived discharges as early and inconsistent.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Interventions and new models of care improving communication with healthcare professionals, involving parents in infant care as early as possible, increasing staff support to help parents cope better, and optimizing the management of discharge need to be implemented into practice. Their impact on parenting stress on the long term needs to be investigated.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Trauma Patients in Australia and New Zealand (2005–2017)
Authors: Wilson Anthony J. , Magee Fraser , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David V. , French Craig , Nichol Alistair , Udy Andrew , Hodgson Carol L. , Cooper D. James , Reade Michael C. , Young Paul , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To compare the characteristics of adults admitted to the ICU in Australia and New Zealand after trauma with nonelective, nontrauma admissions. To describe trends in hospital mortality and rates of discharge home among these two groups.

Design:
Retrospective review (2005–2017) of the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society’s Center for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database.

Setting:
Adult ICUs in Australia and New Zealand.

Patients:
Adult (≥17 yr), nonelective, ICU admissions.

Intervention:
Observational study.

Measurements and Main Results:
We compared 77,002 trauma with 741,829 nonelective, nontrauma patients. Trauma patients were younger (49.0 ± 21.6 vs 60.6 ± 18.7 yr; p < 0.0001), predominantly male (73.1% vs 53.9%; p < 0.0001), and more frequently treated in tertiary hospitals (74.7% vs 45.8%; p < 0.0001). The mean age of trauma patients increased over time but was virtually static for nonelective, nontrauma patients (0.72 ± 0.02 yr/yr vs 0.03 ± 0.01 yr/yr; p < 0.0001). Illness severity increased for trauma but fell for nonelective, nontrauma patients (mean Australia and New Zealand risk of death: 0.10% ± 0.02%/yr vs –0.21% ± 0.01%/yr; p < 0.0001). Trauma patients had a lower hospital mortality than nonelective, nontrauma patients (10.0% vs 15.8%; p < 0.0001). Both groups showed an annual decline in the illness severity adjusted odds ratio (odds ratio) of hospital mortality, but this was slower among trauma patients (trauma: odds ratio 0.976/yr [0.968–0.984/yr; p < 0.0001]; nonelective, nontrauma: odds ratio 0.957/yr [0.955–0.959/yr; p < 0.0001]; interaction p < 0.0001). Trauma patients had lower rates of discharge home than nonelective, nontrauma patients (56.7% vs 64.6%; p < 0.0001). There was an annual decline in illness severity adjusted odds ratio of discharge home among trauma patients, whereas nonelective, nontrauma patients displayed an annual increase (trauma: odds ratio 0.986/yr [0.981–0.990/yr; p < 0.0001]; nonelective, nontrauma: odds ratio 1.014/yr [1.012–1.016/yr; p < 0.0001]; interaction: p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The age and illness severity of adult ICU trauma patients in Australia and New Zealand has increased over time. Hospital mortality is lower for trauma than other nonelective ICU patients but has fallen more slowly. Trauma patients have become less likely to be discharged home than other nonelective ICU patients.
Brain Volume in Veterans: Relationship to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Martindale Sarah L. , Rostami Ramona , Shura Robert D. , Taber Katherine H. , Rowland Jared A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:Clarify associations between diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and deployment traumatic brain injury (TBI) on salient regional brain volumes in returning combat veterans.Participants:Iraq and Afghanistan era combat veterans,N= 163, 86.5% male.Main Measures:Clinician-administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Assessment of TBI (MMA-TBI), magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Hierarchical regression analyses evaluated associations and interactions between current and lifetime PTSD diagnosis, deployment TBI, and bilateral volume of hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula.Results:Deployment TBI was associated with lower bilateral hippocampal volume (P= .007-.032) and right medial orbitofrontal cortex volume (P= .006). Neither current nor lifetime PTSD diagnosis was associated with volumetric outcomes beyond covariates and deployment TBI.Conclusion:History of deployment TBI is independently associated with lower volumes in hippocampus and medial orbitofrontal cortex. These results support TBI as a potential contributing factor to consider in reduced cortical volume in PTSD.
Isolated Oculomotor Nerve Palsy
Authors: Latuska Richard F. , Otillio Jaime K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this case report, we describe a unique case of Haemophilus influenzae type A meningitis in a 7-month-old previously healthy girl that presented with an isolated cranial nerve (oculomotor) palsy without other signs and symptoms classically associated with this entity such as fever, meningismus, or a generally ill appearance. Oculomotor nerve abnormalities are rare in pediatrics. Congenital oculomotor palsy is the most common cause followed by trauma, infection, inflammatory conditions, neoplasm, aneurysm or other vascular events, and ophthalmoplegic migraines, respectively. Therefore, had it not been for the unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings identified in this patient prompting an extensive infectious workup with lumbar puncture, the diagnosis and treatment of meningitis may have been delayed further or missed all together. This fact emphasizes the importance of maintaining a broad differential when children present with neurologic abnormalities such as cranial nerve palsies.
Intense 68Ga-Pentixafor Activity in Aldosterone-Producing Adrenal Adenomas
Authors: Ding Jie , Tong Anli , Zhang Yushi , Wen Jin , Huo Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

68Ga-pentixafor, a ligand of CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4), has been reported as a potential PET tracer to evaluate a variety of pathological entities. We report intense 68Ga-pentixafor activity on PET/CT in 2 patients in the histopathologically confirmed adrenal adenomas, which were the cause of their Conn syndrome.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depression
Authors: Güney Pelin , Ekman Carl Johan , Hammar Åsa , Heintz Emelie , Landén Mikael , Lundberg Johan , Nordanskog Pia , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
It is uncertain if there are variations in the improvement of quality in life between sexes and age groups after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The aim of this study was to investigate how health-related quality of life changed after treatment and to examine differences in the results between sex and age groups.

Methods
This register-based study used data from the Swedish national quality register for ECT. The study population was patients diagnosed with depression who had received ECT. Health-related quality of life was quantified using the 3-level version the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D 3 L). Analysis of variance was used to compare change in EQ-5D score from pretreatment to posttreatment between sex and age groups.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in EQ-5D index score and EQ visual analog scale (VAS) score in all patient groups after ECT. The mean improvement in EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score ranged from 0.31 to 0.46 and 28.29 to 39.79, respectively. Elderly patients had greater improvement in EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score than younger patients. There was no significant difference in improvement between the sexes. The mean improvement in EQ-5D index score was 0.40 for male patients and 0.41 for female patients.

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy had a considerable effect on health-related quality of life in patients with depression of both sexes and all age groups. The improvement was greatest in elderly patients, who more often had psychotic features. More studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of ECT and to further explain the varying treatment results between elderly and younger patients.
Increasing Host Cellular Receptor—Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression by Coronavirus may Facilitate 2019-nCoV Infection
Authors: Wang Pei-Hui , Cheng Yun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ongoing outbreak of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans. 2019-nCoV rapidly spread to national regions and multiple other countries, thus, pose a serious threat to public health. Recent studies show that spike (S) proteins of 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV may use the same host cell receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entering into host cells. The affinity between ACE2 and 2019-nCoV S is much higher than ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV S protein, explaining that why 2019-nCoV seems to be more readily transmitted from the human to human. Here, we reported that ACE2 can be significantly upregulated after infection of various viruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Basing on findings here, we propose that coronavirus infection can positively induce its cellular entry receptor to accelerate their replication and spread, thus drugs targeting ACE2 expression may be prepared for the future emerging infectious diseases caused by this cluster of viruses.
Comparative analysis of primer-probe sets for the laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jung Yu Jin , Park Gun-Soo , Moon Jun Hye , Ku Keunbon , Beak Seung-Hwa , Kim Seil , Park Edmond Changkyun , Park Daeui , Lee Jong-Hwan , Byeon Cheol Woo , Lee Joong Jin , Maeng Jin-Soo , Kim Seong Jun , Kim Seung Il , Kim Bum-Tae , Lee Min Jun , Kim Hong Gi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is newly emerging human infectious diseases, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV). Within two months of the outbreak, more than 80,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide. Since the human to human transmission occurred easily and the human infection is rapidly increasing, the sensitive and early diagnosis is essential to prevent the global outbreak. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) announced various primer and probe sets for SARS-CoV-2 previously developed in China, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, and USA. In this study, we compared the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA among the seven primer-probe sets for N gene and the three primer-probe sets for Orf1 gene. The result of the comparative analysis represented that the ‘2019-nCoV_N2, N3’ of USA and the ‘ORF1ab’ of China are the most sensitive primer-probe sets for N and Orf1 genes, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate combination from ORF1ab (China), 2019-nCoV_N2, N3 (USA), and NIID_2019-nCOV_N (Japan) sets should be selected for the sensitive and reliable laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2.
Identification of the first oomycete mating-type locus sequence in the grapevine downy mildew pathogen,Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Dussert Yann , Legrand Ludovic , Mazet Isabelle D. , Couture Carole , Piron Marie-Christine , Serre Rémy-Félix , Bouchez Olivier , Mestre Pere , Toffolatti Silvia Laura , Giraud Tatiana , Delmotte François 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMating types are self-incompatibility systems that promote outcrossing in plants, fungi and oomycetes. Mating-type genes have been widely studied in plants and fungi, but have yet to be identified in oomycetes, eukaryotic organisms closely related to brown algae that cause many destructive animal and plant diseases. We identified the mating-type locus ofPlasmopara viticola, the oomycete responsible for grapevine downy mildew, one of the most damaging grapevine diseases worldwide. Using a genome-wide association approach, we identified a 570 kb repeat-rich non-recombining region controlling mating types, with two highly divergent alleles. We showed that one mating type was homozygous, whereas the other was heterozygous at this locus. The mating-type locus encompassed 40 genes, including one encoding a putative hormone receptor. Our findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of the evolution of mating types, as they reveal a unique determinism involving an asymmetry of heterozygosity, as in sex chromosomes and unlike other mating-type systems. This identification of the mating-type locus in such an economically important crop pathogen also has applied implications, as outcrossing facilitates rapid evolution and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals a role for the BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF complex in regulatory T cells
Authors: Loo Chin-San , Gatchalian Jovylyn , Liang Yuqiong , Leblanc Mathias , Xie Mingjun , Ho Josephine , Venkatraghavan Bhargav , Hargreaves Diana C. , Zheng Ye 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in suppressing auto-reactive T cells and maintaining immune homeostasis. Treg development and function are dependent on the transcription factor Foxp3. Here we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen to identify the regulators of Foxp3 in mouse primary Tregs. The results showed that Foxp3 regulators are highly enriched in genes encoding SWI/SNF and SAGA complex subunits. Among the three SWI/SNF-related complexes, the non-canonical or ncBAF (also called GBAF or BRD9-containing BAF) complex promoted the expression of Foxp3, whereas the PBAF complex repressed its expression. Gene ablation of BRD9 led to compromised Treg function in inflammatory disease and tumor immunity. Functional genomics revealed that BRD9 is required for Foxp3 binding and expression of a subset of Foxp3 target genes. Thus, we provide an unbiased analysis of genes and networks regulating Foxp3, and reveal ncBAF complex as a novel target that could be exploited to manipulate Treg function.
Oxytocin increases the pleasantness of affective touch and orbitofrontal cortex activity independent of valence
Authors: Chen Yuanshu , Becker Benjamin , Zhang Yingying , Cui Han , Du Jun , Wernicke Jennifer , Kendrick Keith M. , Yao Shuxia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTouch plays a crucial role in affiliative behavior and social communication. The neuropeptide oxytocin is released in response to touch and may act to facilitate the rewarding effects of social touch. However, no studies to date have determined whether oxytocin facilitates behavioral or neural responses to non-socially administered affective touch and possible differential effects of touch valence. In a functional MRI experiment using a randomized placebo-controlled, within-subject design in 40 male subjects we investigated the effects of intranasal oxytocin (24IU) on behavioral and neural responses to positive, neutral and negative valence touch administered to the arm via different types of materials at a frequency aimed to optimally stimulate C-fibers. Results showed that oxytocin significantly increased both the perceived pleasantness of touch and activation of the orbitofrontal cortex independent of touch valence. The effects of OT on touch-evoked orbitofrontal activation were also positively associated with basal oxytocin concentrations in blood. Additionally, anterior insula activity and the functional connectivity between the amygdala and right anterior insula were enhanced only in response to negative valence touch. Overall, the present study provides the first evidence that oxytocin may facilitate the rewarding effects of all types of touch, irrespective of valence.
Evidence for modulation of EEG microstate sequence by vigilance level
Authors: Krylova Marina , Alizadeh Sarah , Izyurov Igor , Teckentrup Vanessa , Chang Catie , van der Meer Johan , Erb Michael , Kroemer Nils , Koenig Thomas , Walter Martin , Jamalabadi Hamidreza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe momentary global functional state of the brain is reflected in its electric field configuration and cluster analytical approaches have consistently shown four configurations, referred to as EEG microstate classes A to D. Changes in microstate parameters are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, task performance, and mental state establishing their relevance for cognition. However, the common practice to use eye-closed resting state data to assess the temporal dynamics of microstate parameters might induce systematic confounds related to vigilance levels. Here, we studied the dynamics of microstate parameters in two independent data sets and showed that the parameters of microstates are strongly associated with vigilance level assessed both by EEG power analysis and fMRI global signal. We found that the duration and contribution of microstate class C, as well as transition probabilities towards microstate class C were positively associated with vigilance, whereas the sign was reversed for microstate classes A and B. Furthermore, in looking for the origins of the correspondence between microstates and vigilance level, we found Granger-causal effects of vigilance levels on microstate sequence parameters. Collectively, our findings suggest that duration and occurrence of microstates have a different origin and possibly reflect different physiological processes. Finally, our findings indicate the need for taking vigilance levels into consideration in resting-sate EEG investigations.
Clinical metagenomics bioinformatics pipeline for the identification of hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens antibiotic resistance genes from bronchoalveolar lavage samples
Authors: Tournoud Maud , Ruppé Etienne , Perrin Guillaume , Schicklin Stéphane , Guigon Ghislaine , Mahé Pierre , Lazarevic Vladimir , Hauser Sébastien , Mirande Caroline , Levrat Albrice , Louis Karen , Gervasi Gaspard , Schrenzel Jacques 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundShortening the time-to-result for pathogen detection and identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing for patients with Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated pneumonia (HAP-VAP) is of great interest. For this purpose, clinical metagenomics is a promising non-hypothesis driven alternative to traditional culture-based solutions: when mature, it would allow direct sequencing all microbial genomes present in a BronchoAlveolar Lavage (BAL) sample with the purpose of simultaneously identifying pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG). In this study, we describe a new bioinformatics method to detect pathogens and their ARG with good accuracy, both in mono- and polymicrobial samples.MethodsThe standard approach (hereafter called TBo), that consists in taxonomic binning of metagenomic reads followed by an assembly step, suffers from lack of sensitivity for ARG detection. Thus, we propose a new bioinformatics approach (called TBwDM) with both models and databases optimized for HAP-VAP, that performs reads mapping against ARG reference database in parallel to taxonomic binning, and joint reads assembly.ResultsIn in-silico simulated monomicrobial samples, the recall for ARG detection increased from 51% with TBo to 97.3% with TBwDM; in simulated polymicrobial infections, it increased from 41.8% to 82%. In real sequenced BAL samples (mono and polymicrobial), detected pathogens were also confirmed by traditional culture approaches. Moreover, both recall and precision for ARG detection were higher with TBwDM than with TBo (35 points difference for recall, and 7 points difference for precision).ConclusionsWe present a new bioinformatics pipeline to identify pathogens and ARG in BAL samples from patients with HAP-VAP, with higher sensitivity for ARG recovery than standard approaches and the ability to link ARG to their host pathogens.
Next-generation sequencing of pIJ101-basedStreptomyces-E. colishuttle vectors
Authors: Brown Katelyn , Nybo S. Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe sequences of two commonly used pIJ101-basedStreptomyces-E. colishuttle vectors, pEM4 and pUWL201, were determined using next-generation sequencing and mapped. pEM4 was found to be 8.3 kbp long, containing genes encoding β-lactamase, thiostrepton resistance, thelacZ□ fragment, anE. colipUC19 origin of replication, and theStreptomycespIJ101 origin of replication. pUWL201 was found to be 6.78 kbp long, containing genes encoding β-lactamase, thiostrepton resistance, thelacZ□ fragment, anE. colipUC19 origin of replication, and theStreptomycespIJ101 origin of replication. Interestingly, the sequences for both pEM4 and pUWL201 exceed their previously reported size by 1.1 kbp and 0.4 kbp, respectively. This report updates the literature with the corrected sequences for these two popular vectors, ensuring their compatibility with modern synthetic biology cloning methodologies.