bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birthweight predicts adult cardiovascular disorders: Population based cross sectional survey
Authors: Salmi Issa , Hannawi Suad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in the developed‐countries and mostly in the poorer areas of the country, and in lower income‐groups.HypothesisBirthweight predicts adult development of angina, coronary heart disease, stroke, and combination of all CVD.MethodsThe AusDiab is a cross‐sectional study of Australians aged 25 years or over. Data on age, sex, previous‐CVD, smoking‐status, alcohol‐intake, time‐spent on watching television and physical‐activity, total house‐income, dwelling‐type and education‐level were collected by interviewer‐ administered‐questionnaires.ResultsFour thousand five hundred and two had birthweights (mean (SD) of 3.4(0.7) kg). Females in the lowest birthweight‐quintile were at least 1.23, 1.48, 1.65, and 1.23 times more likely to have angina, CAD, stroke, and CVS compared to the referent group ≥3.72 kg with P = .123, .09, .099, and 0.176, respectively. Similarly, males in the lowest‐birthweight‐quintile were 1.23, 1.30, 1.39, and 1.26 times more likely to have angina, CAD, stroke, and CVS compared to the referent‐group ≥4.05 kg with P = .231, .087, .102, and .123, respectively.Females with low birth weight (LBW) were at least 1.39, 1.40, 2.30, and 1.47 times more likely to have angina, CAD, stroke and CVS compared to those ≥2.5 kg with P = .06, .19, .03, and .13, respectively. Similarly, males with LBW were 1.76, 1.48, 3.34, and 1.70 times more likely to have angina, CAD, stroke, and CVS compared to those ≥2.5 kg with P = .14, .13, .03, and .08, respectively.Conclusionthere was a negative relationship between birth weight and angina, CAD, stroke, and the overall CVS. It would be prudent, to adopt policies of intensified whole of life surveillance of lower‐birthweight people, anticipating this risk.
Diagnostic performances of the Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier in comparison with the Gene Expression Classifier: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Nguyen Truong Phan Xuan , Hassell Lewis A. , Jung Chan Kwon 
Published: July 2020

The Afirma microarray‐based Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) with its high negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity has been used to rule out cancer from thyroid nodules with an indeterminate cytology but not to rule in cancer because of its low positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity. The Gene Sequencing Classifier (GSC) has been reported to improve on the weakness of GEC. In this study, a meta‐analysis was performed to compare the clinical impact and diagnostic performance of GEC and GSC. Relevant data were searched in PubMed and Web of Science. Meta‐analyses for proportion and dichotomous outcomes were performed to compare the benign call rates (BCRs), resection rates (RRs), risks of malignancy (ROMs), sensitivities, specificities, PPVs, and NPVs of GSC and GEC. Seven studies were included for the meta‐analyses. Compared with GEC, GSC had a higher BCR (65.3% vs 43.8%; P < .001), a lower RR (26.8% vs 50.1%; P < .001), and a higher ROM (60.1% vs 37.6%; P < .001). The BCR of Hürthle cell–predominant nodules was significantly elevated (73.7% vs 21.4%; P < .001). In addition, the specificity (43.0% vs 25.1%; P = .003) and PPV (63.1% vs 41.6%; P = .004) of Afirma GSC were significantly improved while it still maintained a high sensitivity (94.3%) and a high NPV (90.0%). In conclusion, this study confirms and highlighted the clinical and diagnostic significance of GSC. With an increased BCR and improved diagnostic performance, GSC could reduce the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions and better tailor the clinical decisions of patients with indeterminate thyroid fine‐needle aspiration results.
Crosslinked Polyimide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Long Cycle Life Positive Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Cells
Authors: Gao Hui , Tian Bingbing , Yang Haofan , Neale Alex R. , Little Marc A. , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Hardwick Laurence J. , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers with electrochemically active redox groups are a promising class of positive electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, most polymers, such as polyimides, possess low intrinsic conductivity, which results in low utilization of redox‐active sites during charge cycling and, consequently, poor electrochemical performance. Here, it was shown that this limitation can be overcome by synthesizing polyimide composites (PIX) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an in situ polycondensation reaction. The polyimide composites showed increased charge‐transfer performance and much larger specific capacities, with PI50, which contains 50 wt % of rGO, showing the largest specific capacity of 172 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1. This corresponds to a high utilization of the redox active sites in the active polyimide (86 %), and this composite retained 80 % of its initial capacity (125 mAh g−1) after 9000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1.
Automatic detection of squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in esophageal lymph nodes using semantic segmentation
Authors: Pan Yi , Sun Zhuo , Wang Wenmiao , Yang Zhaoyang , Jia Jia , Feng Xiaolong , Wang Yaxi , Fang Qing , Li Jiangtao , Dai Hongtian , Ku Calvin , Wang Shuhao , Liu Cancheng , Xue Liyan , Lyu Ning , Zou Shuangmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is more prevalent than esophageal adenocarcinoma in Asia, especially in China, where more than half of ESCC cases occur worldwide. Many studies have reported that the automatic detection of lymph node metastasis using semantic segmentation shows good performance in breast cancer and other adenocarcinomas. However, the detection of squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E)‐stained slides has never been reported. We collected a training set of 110 esophageal lymph node slides with metastasis and 132 lymph node slides without metastasis. An iPad‐based annotation system was used to draw the contours of the cancer metastasis region. A DeepLab v3 model was trained to achieve the best fit with the training data. The learned model could estimate the probability of metastasis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the detection model of learned metastasis, we used another large cohort of clinical H&E‐stained esophageal lymph node slides containing 795 esophageal lymph nodes from 154 esophageal cancer patients. The basic authenticity label for each slide was confirmed by experienced pathologists. After filtering isolated noise in the prediction, we obtained an accuracy of 94%. Furthermore, we applied the learned model to throat and lung lymph node squamous cell carcinoma metastases and achieved the following promising results: an accuracy of 96.7% in throat cancer and an accuracy of 90% in lung cancer. In this work, we organized an annotated dataset of H&E‐stained esophageal lymph node and trained a deep neural network to detect lymph node metastasis in H&E‐stained slides of squamous cell carcinoma automatically. Moreover, it is possible to use this model to detect lymph nodes metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma from other organs. This study directly demonstrates the potential for determining the localization of squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lymph node and assisting in pathological diagnosis.
Predator–prey interactions in the canopy
Authors: Linnell Mark A. , Lesmeister Damon B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall mammal abundances are frequently limited by resource availability, but predators can exert strong lethal (mortality) and nonlethal (e.g., nest abandonment) limitations. Artificially increasing resource availability for uncommon small mammals provides a unique opportunity to examine predator–prey interactions. We used remote cameras to monitor 168 nest platforms placed in the live tree canopy (n = 23 young forest stands), primarily for arboreal red tree voles (tree voles; Arborimus longicaudus), over 3 years (n = 15,510 monitoring‐weeks). Tree voles frequently built nests and were detected 37% of monitoring‐weeks, whereas flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) built nests infrequently but were detected 45% of monitoring‐weeks. Most nest predators were detected infrequently (<1% of monitoring‐weeks) and were positively correlated with tree vole presence. Weasels (Mustela spp.) were highly effective predators of tree voles (n = 8 mortalities; 10% of detections) compared to owls (n = 1), flying squirrels (n = 2), and Steller's jays (n = 1). Tree vole activity decreased from 84.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.2, 111.9) detections/week 1‐week prior to a weasel detection to 4.7 detections/week (95% CI: 1.7, 7.8) 1‐week postdetection and remained low for at least 12 weeks. Interpretations of predator–prey interactions were highly sensitive to how we binned continuously collected data and model results from our finest bin width were biologically counter‐intuitive. Average annual survival of female tree voles was consistent with a previous study (0.14; 95% CI: −0.04 [0.01], 0.32) and high compared to many terrestrial voles. The relative infrequency of weasel detections and inefficiency of other predators did not provide strong support for the hypothesis that predation per se limited populations. Rather, predation pressure, by reducing occupancy of already scarce nest sites through mortality and nest abandonment, may contribute to long‐term local instability of tree vole populations in young forests. Additional monitoring would be needed to assess this hypothesis.
Chirality of the biomolecules enhanced its stereospecific action of dihydromyricetin enantiomers
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Jabbar Saqib , Sultana Tayyaba , Ayub Zubaria , Abdelgader Sheikheldin A. , Xiaoyu Zhu , Chong Zhang , Fengxia Lu , Xiaomei Bie , Zhaoxin Lu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study explores the effect of chirality of the biological macromolecules, its functional aspects, and its interaction with other food components. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural novel flavonol isolated from the vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) leaves. However, limited progress in enantiopure separation methods of such compounds hinder in the development of enantiopure functional studies. This study is an attempt to develop a simple, accurate, and sensitive extraction method for the separation of the enantiopure DHM from vine tea leaves. In addition, the identification and purity of the extracted enantiopure (−)‐DHM were further determined by the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and the carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR). The study further evaluates the antimicrobial activity of isolated (‐)‐DHM in comparison with racemate (+)‐DHM, against selected foodborne pathogens, whereas the action mode of enantiopure (−)‐DHM to increase the integrity and permeability of the bacterial cell membrane was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy using green fluorescence nucleic acid dye (SYTO‐9) and propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, the morphological changes in the bacterial cell structure were observed through field emission scanning electron microscope. During analyzing the cell morphology of B. cereus (AS11846), it was confirmed that enantiopure (−)‐DHM could increase the cell permeability that leads to the released of internal cell constituents and, thus, causes cell death. Therefore, the present study provides an insight into the advancement of enantiopure isolation along with its antimicrobial effect which could be served as an effective approach of biosafety.
A qualitative study exploring what it means to be healthy for young Indigenous Australians and the role of social media in influencing health behaviour
Authors: Walker Troy , Molenaar Annika , Palermo Claire 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedThis study explored what it means to young Indigenous people to be healthy and how social media influences health behaviours.MethodsIndigenous people (17‐24 years) participated in face‐to‐face interviews or online Facebook conversations. Discussions were informed by the Integrated Model of Behaviour Change exploring perceptions of self, health and wellbeing, social media use, decision making around health and environmental influences on their health. Interviews and online conversations were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsEighteen young Indigenous Australians participated. Three themes were identified (a) Family and community connection in constructing health beliefs; (b) Individual health‐seeking behaviours, mental health status and the importance of physical activity; and (c) peers and others were key influencers of health behaviour on social media.ConclusionsSocial connection and social media may provide platforms for young Indigenous people to facilitate exchange of culturally relevant information and encourage behaviour change alongside family, peer and community support.So what?Unless accompanied with environmental changes, young adults may struggle to assert their individual agency and realise healthful behaviours, therefore strategies to change the environment are urgently required.
Using co‐design to develop a culturally responsive reproductive health learning resource for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth
Authors: Gilbert Emily , Collins Raelene , Webster Vanya , Boyd Nicole , Maple‐Brown Louise , Boyle Jacqueline , Smith‐Vaughan Heidi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedHealthy behaviours prior to conception can improve pregnancy outcomes and intergenerational health. Adolescence is an important period to promote preconception health, but education resources need to be age and culturally appropriate. Few studies have addressed preconception awareness and knowledge among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, and few culturally appropriate resources exist.MethodsA mixed methods, co‐design process engaging Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth and an Indigenous Reference Group (IRG). Additionally, a survey was carried out to identify preconception health awareness and interest among a broader youth audience.ResultsSeveral main themes emerged from consultation meetings with youth reflecting an awareness of preconception health, but limited understanding. Youth revealed an interest in fertility, and a need for more information on lifestyle factors associated with infertility. Preconception information related to the opposite sex was seen as important as well as information incorporating current local knowledge and world views. Among the survey respondents, 46% (11/24) had a pre‐existing understanding of preconception health. Optimising lifestyle behaviours prior to pregnancy was perceived as important for women (21/24; 88%), but less so for men (16/24; 67%), highlighting a gap in knowledge regarding the importance of preconception health for men.ConclusionThe co‐designed resource “Getting healthy before pregnancy” is available in print and electronically, with illustrations and synchronised audio overlay in Aboriginal English or East‐side Kriol. The resource includes information on preconception health and behavioural risk factors.So whatWe present a co‐designed preconception health resource for evaluation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth.
Government health expenditure, out‐of‐pocket payment and social inequality: A cross‐national analysis of China and OECD countries
Authors: Zhang Dunfu , Rahman K. M. Atikur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to assess the association between Chinese out‐of‐pocket payments and government health spending, investigating their variation ratio in the context of OECD countries. Aggregated time‐series data of 37 countries (from China and official OECD members) were collected from the World Bank Open Data source and analyzed using the multiple linear regression models. Benchmarking approach was applied to evaluate the causes of healthcare expenditure rise per capita. The results showed that China's government health expenditure was positively associated with out‐of‐pocket payment rise, with a higher variation score of 42.70%. The association was statistically significant at 5%. Likewise, the association between government expenditure and out‐of‐pocket payment in the OECD countries was positively significant at 1%, and their variation score was 2.41%. Health financing in OECD countries showed higher stability and equity than that in China. Policy implications for China is to reduce the distributional disparity of government health funds by tax adjustments in health services, universal health coverage, the removal of social health insurance disparities, and a single health payment method.
Going universal? The problem of the uninsured in Europe and in OECD countries
Authors: Toth Federico 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPurposeThe aim of this article is to address the following questions: (1) Which OECD (The Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development) and EU countries guarantee health insurance coverage to the entire population and which, conversely, leave part of the resident population without coverage?, (2) How many people do not have health coverage, and what are their characteristics? and (3) Within the OECD and the EU, is there actually a trend toward universal population coverage?FindingsApproximately one third of OECD and European Union countries do not ensure health insurance coverage to the entire population. At present, the uninsured in European Union countries totals more than seven million people. Considering all 36 OECD countries, the uninsured reach almost 48 million.ConclusionThe diachronic analysis shows that, from the 1970s to present day, the percentage of the uninsured in OECD member countries has gradually decreased. Conversely, in EU countries, the tendency toward universalism shows a fluctuating trend. Until the mid‐90s, the number of uninsured decreased. However, a trend reversal took place and the number of uninsured started to rise again from the second half of the 1990s. The number of individuals without insurance coverage is currently 2‐fold higher than the figure recorded before the outbreak of the great financial crisis.
The interaction of risk management tools: Financial hedging, corporate diversification and liquidity
Authors: Jiang Jiaqi , Feng Yun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat kind of firm benefits more from financial hedging, the focused or diversified? In fact, the benefit of financial hedging depends on diversification policies. By analyzing the interaction between financial hedging and corporate diversification in a theoretical model for a financially constrained firm, we find that focused firms have relatively higher marginal value of hedging in general static environment. However, dynamic analysis results show that an important synergy between financial hedging and diversification would reverse this result. Exercising corporate diversification policies has direct negative effect on liquidity and operating risk, thereby increasing the marginal value of financial hedging. As a result, it is possible that their relationship is complementary in a dynamic environment since these tools increase firm value in different channels. This suggests that firms could use financial hedging in the process of diversification if it is possible. Our findings also emphasize the importance of risk management capabilities which is hardly observable but contributes much to firm value.
Femoral nerve palsy following kidney transplantation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Hotta Kiyohiko , Takahata Masahiko , Iwami Daiki , Sugito Yuki , Tanabe Tatsu , Iwahara Naoya , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionFemoral nerve palsy is a rare but serious complication of kidney transplantation. We report a case of femoral nerve palsy following kidney transplantation and conduct a review of the literature on this complication.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old woman with end‐stage kidney disease, underwent kidney transplantation in the right iliac fossa. The day after the transplantation, she could not straighten her right leg. Physical examination revealed a paresis of her right quadriceps muscle. The patient’s sensation of her right thigh was also impaired. We diagnosed her with femoral nerve palsy caused by inappropriate compression from a self‐retaining retractor. Rehabilitation was started immediately. The patient’s motor weakness gradually improved, and the patient became able to walk independently 4 weeks later. However, the patient’s neuropathic pain sustained 6 months after her kidney transplantation.ConclusionThe improper use of self‐retaining retractors can lead to femoral nerve palsy in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC01207 promotes prostate cancer progression by downregulating microRNA‐1972 and upregulating LIM and SH3 protein 1
Authors: Wang Sugui , Qiu Jianguo , Wang Liping , Wu Ziyu , Zhang Xianyun , Li Qiang , Jiang Fujin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProstate cancer is a heritable and clinically heterogeneous cancer. Both long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis and development of prostate cancer. Analysis of microarray data indicated that the lncRNA LINC01207 was differentially expressed in prostate cancer. In silico analysis predicted the interaction between LINC01207 and miR‐1972 as well as the interaction between miR‐1972 and the mRNAs LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1). Thus, we explored the role of LINC01207 and miR‐1972 in the growth and progression of prostate cancer. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed that LINC01207 and LASP1 were highly expressed in prostate cancer, while miR‐1972 expression was lower. The interaction among LINC01207, miR‐1972, and LASP1 was confirmed by RNA‐fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter assay, which verified that LINC01207 could bind to miR‐1972 and downregulate miR‐1972, and miR‐1972 targeted LASP1 and negatively regulated its expression. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments found that silencing LINC01207 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor formation and enhanced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that LINC01207 functioned as a tumor promoter in prostate cancer and that it may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Energy landscape study of water splitting and H2 evolution at a ruthenium(II) pincer complex
Authors: Yoshida Yuichiro , Yokoi Hayato , Sato Hirofumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA bird's‐eye view of the water splitting and H2 generation at a ruthenium(II) pincer complex is presented. Using a combination of density functional theory and efficient algorithms for exploration of potential energy hypersurface (PES), a total of 197 local minima and 186 transition states are identified, and a new mechanism for water splitting and H2 evolution via hydroxycarbonyl intermediates is presented. Furthermore, a global feature of the reaction PES, so‐called potential energy landscape, is discussed on analyzing the obtained structures. As a result, the landscape is characterized by hierarchical structure, namely, PES consists of many “superbasins (SBs)” that are separated by relatively high energy barriers corresponding to bond breaking around Ru(II) center. Each SB involves a set of conformational isomers that can be interchanged with each other through relatively small barriers. To the best of our best knowledge, this is the first report on the quantum chemical computation of the hierarchical structure of PES for a realistic, catalytic reaction system.