bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequencing of Mycobacterium pinnipedii strains: genetic characterization and evidence of superinfection in a South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)
Authors: Pereira Taiana Silva , Ikuta Cássia Y. , Zimpel Cristina K. , Camargo Naila C. S. , Filho Antônio F. de Souza , Neto José S. Ferreira , Heinemann Marcos B. , Guimarães Ana M. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium pinnipedii , a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), is capable of infecting several host species, including humans. Recently, ancient DNA from this organism was recovered from pre-Columbian mummies of Peru, sparking debate over the origin and frequency of tuberculosis in the Americas prior to European colonization.
Results: We present the first comparative genomic study of this bacterial species, starting from the genome sequencing of two M. pinnipedii isolates (MP1 and MP2) obtained from different organs of a stranded South American sea lion. Our results indicate that MP1 and MP2 differ by 113 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 46 indels, constituting the first report of a mixed-strain infection in a sea lion. SNP annotation analyses indicate that genes of the VapBC family, a toxin-antitoxin system, and genes related to cell wall remodeling are under evolutionary pressure for protein sequence change in these strains. OrthoMCL analysis with seven modern isolates of M. pinnipedii shows that these strains have highly similar proteomes. Gene variations were only marginally associated with hypothetical proteins and PE/PPE (proline-glutamate and proline-proline-glutamate, respectively) gene families. We also detected large deletions in ancient and modern M. pinnipedii strains, including a few occurring only in modern strains, indicating a process of genome reduction occurring over the past one thousand years. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest the existence of two modern clusters of M. pinnipedii associated with geographic location, and possibly host species, and one basal node associated with the ancient M. pinnipedii strains. Previously described MiD3 and MiD4 deletions may have occurred independently, twice, over the evolutionary course of the MTBC.
Conclusion: The presence of superinfection (i.e. mixed-strain infection) in this sea lion suggests that M. pinnipedii is highly endemic in this population. Mycobacterium pinnipedii proteomes of the studied isolates showed a high degree of conservation, despite being under genomic decay when compared to M. tuberculosis . This finding indicates that further genomes need to be sequenced and analyzed to increase the chances of finding variably present genes among strains or that M. pinnipedii genome remodeling occurred prior to bacterial speciation.
Alteration of magmatic monazite in granitoids from the Ryoke belt (SW Japan): Processes and consequences
Authors: Skrzypek Etienne , Sakata Shuhei , Sorger Dominik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe alteration of magmatic monazite and its consequences for monazite geochronology are explored in granitoids from the western part of the Ryoke belt (Iwakuni-Yanai area, SW Japan). Biotite-granite samples were collected in two plutons emplaced slightly before the main tectono-metamorphic event: the first one, a massive granite (Shimokuhara) adjoins schistose rocks affected by greenschist facies metamorphism; and the second, a gneissose granite (Namera) adjoins migmatitic gneiss that experienced upper-amphibolite facies conditions. Despite contrasting textures, the granite samples have similar mineral modes and compositions. Monazite in the massive granite is dominated by primary domains with limited secondary recrystallization along cracks and veinlets. It is variably replaced by allanite+apatite±xenotime±Th-U-rich phases. The outermost rims of primary domains yield a weighted average 206Pb/238U date of 102 ± 2 Ma while the Th-U phases show Th-U-Pb dates of 58 ± 5 and 15 to 14 ± 2–3 Ma. Monazite in the gneissose granite preserves sector- or oscillatory-zoned primary domains cross-cut by secondary domains enriched in Ca, Y, U, P, and containing numerous inclusions. The secondary domains preserve concordant 206Pb/238U dates spreading from 102 ± 3 to 91 ± 2 Ma while primary domain analyses are commonly discordant and range from 116 to 101 Ma.Monazite alteration textures in the two granites chiefly reflect differences in their post-magmatic histories. In the massive granite, monazite replacement occurred via a nearly stoichiometrically balanced reaction reflecting interaction with an aqueous fluid enriched in Ca+Al+Si±F during hydrothermal alteration of the granitic assemblage, likely below 500 °C. In the gneissose granite, a small amount of anatectic melt, probably derived from the neighboring metasedimentary rocks, was responsible for pseudomorphic recrystallization of monazite by dissolution-reprecipitation above 600 °C. Regardless of whether monazite underwent replacement or recrystallization, primary monazite domains preserve the age of magmatic crystallization for both plutons (102 ± 2 and 106 ± 5 Ma). Conversely, the age of monazite alteration is not easily resolved. Monazite replacement in the massive granite might be constrained using the Th-U-rich alteration products; with due caution and despite probable radiogenic Pb loss, the oldest date of 58 ± 5 Ma could be ascribed to chloritization during final exhumation of the granite. The spread in apparently concordant 206Pb/238U dates for secondary domains in the gneissose granite is attributed to incomplete isotopic resetting during dissolution-reprecipitation, and the youngest date of 91 ± 2 Ma is considered as the age of monazite recrystallization during a suprasolidus metamorphic event. These results reveal a diachronous, ca. 10 Ma-long high-temperature (HT) history and an overall duration of about 15 Ma for the metamorphic evolution of the western part of the Ryoke belt.
Bowman layer transplantation in eyes with progressive advanced keratoconus
Authors: Oganesyan O. G. , Getadaryan V. R. , Makarov P. V. , Grdikanyan A. A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:to study the efficiency of Bowman layer transplantation (BLT) in corneal stroma for the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC).Material and methods.30 patients (30 eyes) with progressive KC stages III to IV (according to Amsler — Krumeich classification), underwent BLT into a mid-stromal pocket. At the time of surgery, the patients were 14 to 37 (averagely 26.6 ± 6.2 years). Before and after the surgery, the maximum keratometry index (Kmax) and the corneal thinnest point (CTP) values were determined. Also, we evaluated visual acuity before and after surgery in scleral contact lenses, endothelial cells density (ECD) and the depth of graft location. The indication for surgery was the refusal of corneal transplantation, progression of KC, contraindications for ultraviolet crosslinking or implantation of intracorneal ring segments based on the CTP and Kmax values. The follow-up continued 6 to 36 months (averagely, 26.6 ± 6.0 months).Results.Throughout the observation period, no intra or postoperative complications associated with BLT or deterioration of CTP, Kmax or best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in scleral lenses were noted.Conclusions.Kmax, CTP and ECD values remaining stable during the follow-up is the evidence of a stabilizing BLT effect on the KC progression. The absence of BCVA decrease in scleral lenses indicates a functional safety of BLT.
Antiinflammatory therapy of neurotrophic corneal diseases
Authors: Yani E. V. , Orlova E. N. , Golikova V. A. 
Published: December 2019

Clinical data on new directions in combined treatment of neurotrophic keratitis, including anti-inflammatory therapy are presented.Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of bromfenac 0.09 %, nepafenac 0.1 % and indomethacin 0.1 % eye drops in the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis (NK).Materials and methods. 22 NK patients, aged 34 to 78, were divided into three groups. Group I received bromfenac 0.09 %, group II, nepafenac 0.1 %, and group III, indomethacin 0.1 %. Ophthalmic tests included visometry, biomicroscopy, corneal sensitivity determination, as well as diagnostic tests to determine indicators of tear production (Schirmer test, Norn test, LIPCOF test), and measuring lacrimal meniscus height.Results. Between visits V2 and V3, patients of group III showed an increase in conjunctival irritation to an average of 2.3 points, while groups I and II revealed the condition of the conjunctiva at 0.9 and 1.1 points, respectively. The lesion area was evaluated in points (max = 20) and averaged on V1 6.8 points in group I, 5.9 points in group II and 7.2 points in group III. Keratopathy in group I which was estimated at 3.8 points before V2, dropped to 1.4 points by V3. In group III it was 1.7 points by V3. In group II, keratopathy showed only 4.1 points by V3. The average Norn test on the day of treatment showed 2.7 seconds in group I, 2.5 seconds in group II, and 3.1 seconds in group III. No significant increase in Schirmer's test results in all groups was recorded.Conclusion. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops of various groups — bromfenac 0.09%, nepafenac 0.1 % and indomethacin 0.1 % — gave a positive result in NK therapy. However, bromfenac 0.09% instillations administered once a day produce a higher anti-inflammatory effect then the same quantity of nepafenac 0.1% and indomethacin 0.1 % instillations.
Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: ALjaafreha Lubna Y. , Tawalbeh Mohmmed , Shehabi Asem A. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Otitis external infection is an inflammation of the ear canal frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus auerus.

Objective:
This study investigated the spectrum of bacterial and fungal agents that cause otitis external infection in Jordanian patients with an emphasis on important antimicrobial resistance genes and putative virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates using molecular PCR methods.

Methods:
A total of 128 ear swab samples were obtained from outpatients with otitis external infection of Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic (ENT) from the Jordan University Hospital (JUH). All samples were cultured for bacteria and fungi and their growth was identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination as well as recommended biochemical tests.

Results:
Positive growth of bacteria and fungi were found in 105/128 (82%) of the examined cases. A total of 28 (22%) of the recovered organisms from ear samples were P. aeruginosa. A total of 11/28 (39%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) which are resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Both blaIMP-15 and VIM genes were not detected, while KPC genes were found in 57% among all isolates. The rates of the potential virulence genes found among 28 P. aeruginosa isolates were as follows: lasB, algD, toxA, exoU PilB and exoS at 100%, 100%, 82%, 72%, 54% and 25%, respectively. All isolates produced beta hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar and showed either the pigment pyoverdin (57.1%) or pyocyanin (42.8%).

Conclusion:
Accurate identification of the causative agent of otitis external infection and its susceptibility to antibiotics especially P.aeruginosa is highly important for successful treatment. No significant relationship has been found between MDR
P. aeruginosa and the presence of virulence genes.
Multi-component reconstructive heart surgery as an alternative to transplantation in a patient with combined cardiac pathology and critically low left ventricular contractility
Authors: Sokolov V. V. , Redkoborodyy A. V. , Rubtsov N. V. , Khutsishvili L. G. , Ostroumov E. N. , Migunova E. V. , Bikbova N. M. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases rank leading in the world. The decompensation of chronic heart failure is the direct cause of death in most patients. The choice of a definitive treatment tactics is the key factor in these patients.Clinical case. A patient who had experienced myocardial Q-infarction with an ST segment elevation of anterior septal location complicated by the left ventricle anterior wall aneurysm and a decreased myocardial contractility was hospitalized with subcompensated chronic heart failure. Previously, and initially with that hospitalization, the patient was considered a candidate for heart transplantation. After the examination, a decision was made on the possibility of a multi-component reconstructive heart surgery, which was performed with a good clinical effect.Conclusion. The presented clinical case has confirmed the possibility of correcting the combined pathology in a patient with low myocardial contractility obtaining good immediate and long-term (1.5 years after surgery) results.
From Integrity to the New Split and Rivalry? (World-System and World Order in Changing Realities)
Authors: Ryabov A. V. 
Published: December 2019

The collapse of the Soviet Union and socialist commonwealth contributed to the reconstruction of integrity of the World-System. These changes became a major global transformation of the second half of the XX century. Then there was an opinion that over time the model of liberal capitalism would be established in all countries. However the restoration of the integrity of the global world did not lead to shaping of its homogeneity. New contradictions emerged both between developed and developing countries and within the core countries of the World-System. All of this undermined stability of the system and contributed to the gradual distraction of the unipolar world order. Russia initially tried to be integrated into the new world reality and become the main partner of the USA as a center of the World-System. However the plans of the United States and its allies did not provide that Russia would retain its role as an important and independent actor in world politics. As a result, Russia’s integration into the West did not take place. Nevertheless having made the transition to an independent policy not subordinated to the USA and its allies Russia could not claim to create alternative global social project as the Soviet Union had. To do this Russia had neither resources nor attractive idea for the rest of the world. As China began to turn into economic superpower it seemed that Beijing was not going to offer the world its own social project alternative to liberal capitalism but it claimed only to take place in existing global system corresponding to its economic impact. Situation was changed after the USA in the middle of the 10-th felt in China a serious rival and moved to the policy of deterrence of it. China began to work out its own model of the world order. Now in comparison with the past many experts suppose that Chinese model of the social and political order may be used by other developing countries. Will this lead to emergence of the new global project alternative to the Western liberal capitalism and to distraction of integrity of the World-System? Will there be a new global transformation as a result of current processes? This article is devoted to the analysis of probable prospects of these tendencies of the world development.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS (MASALAH SOSIAL) DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE DISKUSI DENGAN TINDAKAN REFLEKTIF
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk peningkatan hasil belajar ilmu pengetahuan sosial pada siswa kelas IV SDN 012 Bukit Raya Kec. Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru melalui penerapan metode diskusi dengan tindakan reflektif. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 012 Bukit Raya Kec. Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru. Metode diskusi dengan tindakan reflektif adalah paduan metode diskusi dengan pembelajaran reflektif, adapun metode diskusi adalah suatu cara atau proses penyajian bahan pelajaran dimana guru memberikan kesempatan kepada para siswa (kelompok-kelompok siswa) untuk mengadakan perbincangan ilmiah guna mengumpulkan pendapat, membuat kesimpulan atau penyusun berbagai alternatif pemecahan atas suatu masalah, sedangkan pembelajaran reflektif merupakan bagian dari lima system pembelajaran primer yaitu emosional, sosial, kognitif, fisik dan reflektif. Reflektif adalah respon terhadap kejadian, aktivitas atau pengetahuan yang baru diterima atau cara berfikir tentang apa yang baru dipelajari, berfikir kebelakang tentang apa yang sudah dipelajari dan dilakukan masa lalu.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan, hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa dari 39 siswa sebanyak 23 orang siswa (58%) mencapai KKM dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 38 orang siswa (97%), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan penerapan metode diskusi dengan tindakan reflektif mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS pokok pembahasan masalah sosial.
Implementasi Kegiatan Ektstrakurikuler PAI (Ikhrohist) untuk Pembinaan Akhlak
Authors: Sudiran Sudiran 
Published: December 2019

This researh is about the implementation of extracurricular activities (ikrohist) for guide students’ attitude in SMK Penerbangan Techno Terapan Makassar. This research method is a qualitative research using of normative theology, pedagogic, physicologic, and sociologic. The research instruments used interview, observation, and documentation. Informant consisted of principal, refresentative of the school, and teachers. Data collection was done by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis by means of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and data verification. The result of this research, there are: 1) Students’ attitudes in SMK Penerbangan Techno Terapan Makassar, after joining the extracurricular activities showed good attitudes. 2) Students’ Attitudes in SMK Penerbangan Techno Terapan Makassar based on the observation and interview that give awardness, discipline, extracurricular activities (Ikrohist) in SMK Penerbangan Techno Terapan Makassar consisted of three parts, they are dayly/weekly activities, monthly activities and annual activities.
Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Intestinal Health of Poultry – A Review
Authors: Elnesr Shaaban S. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Elwan Hamada A.M. , Fathi Mohamed A. , Farag Mayada R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Health of the intestine is one of the main reasons that affects the bird’s performance, and thus the economic yield in the poultry sector. Various studies have examined how to improve the intestinal health using dietary supplements, including organic acids such as sodium butyrate (SB). The efficacy of the dietary supplementation in poultry is often assessed using an important parameter such as intestinal integrity, which is often assessed as a measure of high villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, or count of goblet cell numbers. In broilers, the villus length and width were increased by the addition of dietary SB. Since, at day 21 and 42, the villus length was increased by 55 and 27%, and 39 and 18% for birds fed 0.5 and 1 g/kg, respectively, compared with the control diet. Furthermore, SB plays an important role in development of poultry intestinal epithelium. It can be employed by the intestinal epithelial cells as an energy source to stimulate their differentiation and proliferation, and to improve intestinal barrier function. SB is effective against acid intolerant species such as Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens and E. coli. In addition, use of butyric acid at 0.6% reduced the pH of gastrointestinal segments. For this, SB could be a potential alternative in maintaining the health of gastrointestinal tract and improving the productive performance of poultry. This review refers to the expanding horizons in the research on SB supplementation in poultry health and nutrition.
Healthcare Services Use Among Dental Patients
Authors: Roxana Oancea , Ruxandra Sfeatcu , Maria Gheorghiu Irina , Mitran Mihai , Mitran Loredana , Alexandru-Andrei Iliescu , Perlea Paula 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Regular medical attendance proved to have a positive impact on health, therefore the aim of the study is to detect the reasons and frequency for health care use among a group of 110 urban dental patients aged between 33 and 75 years, 50% males. The subjects completed an anonymous questionnaire with items related to their medical visits patterns: reason (treatment/control and emergency) and frequency of healthcare services use; self-assessed oral and general health and socio-demographic data. Most of the patients were adults (81.8%) and with more than 12 years of study (50%). In terms of reason for attending the dental office, 72% visited the dentist for emergency reasons, mainly men, elderly, patients with low level of education, and those who self-rated their oral health as satisfying or poor. Regarding medical visits, 54% from all patients attended healthcare for emergency reasons, regardless age, gender, education level and self-perceived general health. The results showed that worse healthcare services use is associated with low education level and gender, especially men visited the dentist when there is pain only. There is need to increase the number of individuals who use regular health care, for prevention and early detection of diseases.
Preliminary Comparative Study on Patients with Mycoses -A Comparison Between Candida and Other Fungal Infections
Authors: Olimpia-Nicoleta Moroianu , Nelu Doru-Popescu , Cristian Petcu Lucian , Gurgas Leonard , Natalia Roșoiu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study aims at highlighting the differences in the main statistical parameters between two groups of patients diagnosed with mycosis, while monitoring the frequency of association with various other conditions.
Agile Project Management Tools: A Brief Comprative View
Authors: Özkan Deniz , Mishra Alok 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Agile methodologies are becoming popular in software development. Managers are required to understand project’s progress and product quality without development documents. During Agile practices of the teams and organizations, Agile project management tools are frequently used. The use of such tools leads to achieving speed and efficiency, affects the quality of the software. The quality of final product is mostly related with to project management. Accordingly, the paper provides brief comparative perspective about the popular project management tools for agile projects. 16 popular Agile project management tools have been presented helping agile developers to plan and manage their tasks in an efficient manner. Taiga, Axosoft, Agielan, Planbox are more appropriate for start-up projects. The most twitted and most appreciated tools are reported as Jira, Trello, and VersionOne. SpiraTeam by Inflectra and Pivotal Tracker are other pricing and popular agile tools, providing flexibility to Agile developers and increase collaboration among team members.
Particle Swarm Optimization and Tabu Search Hybrid Algorithm for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem – Analysis of Test Results
Authors: Toshev Asen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, including a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) procedure and elements of Tabu Search (TS) metaheuristic. The novel algorithm is designed to solve Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems (FJSSP). Twelve benchmark test examples from different reference sources are experimentaly tested to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. The obtained mean error for the deviation from optimality is 0.044%. The obtained test results are compared to the results in the reference sources and to the results by a genetic algorithm. The comparison illustrates the good performance of the proposed algorithm. Investigations on the base of test examples with a larger dimension will be carried out with the aim of further improvement of the algorithm and the quality of the test results.