bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for prostate cancer: prostate-specific antigen and beyond
Authors: Duffy Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, several new biomarkers supplementing the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have become available for men with prostate cancer. Although widely used in an ad hoc manner, the role of PSA in screening asymptomatic men for prostate cancer is controversial. Several expert panels, however, have recently recommended limited PSA screening following informed consent in average-risk men, aged 55–69 years. As a screening test for prostate cancer however, PSA has limited specificity and leads to overdiagnosis which in turn results in overtreatment. To increase specificity and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, biomarkers such as percent free PSA, prostate health index (PHI) or the 4K score may be used, while Progensa PCA3 may be measured to reduce the number of repeat biopsies in men with a previously negative biopsy. In addition to its role in screening, PSA is also widely used in the management of patients with diagnosed prostate cancer such as in surveillance following diagnosis, monitoring response to therapy and in combination with both clinical and histological criteria in risk stratification for recurrence. For determining aggressiveness and predicting outcome, especially in low- or intermediate-risk men, tissue-based multigene tests such as Decipher, Oncotype DX (Prostate), Prolaris and ProMark, may be used. Emerging therapy predictive biomarkers include AR-V7 for predicting lack of response to specific anti-androgens (enzalutamide, abiraterone), BRAC1/2 mutations for predicting benefit from PARP inhibitor and PORTOS for predicting benefit from radiotherapy. With the increased availability of multiple biomarkers, personalised treatment for men with prostate cancer is finally on the horizon.
Development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods to measure tobramycin and lincomycin in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic research study
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Dhanani Jayesh , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A. , Wallis Steve C. , Parker Suzanne L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of our work was to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) methods for the quantification of tobramycin (TMC) and lincomycin (LMC)in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine.

Methods
Protein precipitation was used to extract TMC and LMC from plasma, while microdialysis fluid and urine sample were diluted prior to instrumental analysis. Mobile phase A consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 10% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v) and mobile phase B consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 90% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v). Gradient separation (80%–10% of mobile phase B) for TMC was done using a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical guard column. While separation of LMC was performed using gradient elution (100%–40% of mobile phase B) on a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical column equipped with a SeQuant zic-HILIC guard column. Vancomycin (VCM) was used as an internal standard. A quadratic calibration was obtained over the concentration range for plasma of 0.1–20 mg/L for TMC and 0.05–20 mg/L for LMC, for microdialysis fluid of 0.1–20 mg/L for both TMC and LMC, and 1–100 mg/L for urine for both TMC and LMC.

Results
For TMS and LMC, validation testing for matrix effects, precision and accuracy, specificity and stability were all within acceptance criteria of ±15%.

Conclusions
The methods described here meet validation acceptance criteria and were suitable for application in a pilot pharmacokinetic research study performed in a sheep model.
Dependence measure for length-biased survival data using copulas
Authors: Bentoumi Rachid , Mesfioui Mhamed , Alvo Mayer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The linear correlation coefficient of Bravais-Pearson is considered a powerful indicator when the dependency relationship is linear and the error variate is normally distributed. Unfortunately in finance and in survival analysis the dependency relationship may not be linear. In such case, the use of rank-based measures of dependence, like Kendall’s tau or Spearman rho are recommended. In this direction, under length-biased sampling, measures of the degree of dependence between the survival time and the covariates appear to have not received much intention in the literature. Our goal in this paper, is to provide an alternative indicator of dependence measure, based on the concept of information gain, using the parametric copulas. In particular, the extension of the Kent’s [18] dependence measure to length-biased survival data is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations studies.
Retellings of tradition. Little Red Riding Hood and the voice of the wolf
Authors: Nadales María Rosal 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Märchen von Rotkäppchen wurde von der mündlichen zur geschriebenen Tradition in vielen verschiedenen Versionen überliefert. Die Aufnahme der Werke von Perrault und der Gebrüder Grimm hat in unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu voneinander abweichenden sowie ungewöhnlichen Texten geführt. Dieser Artikel bezieht sich auf die Darlegungen und Vergleiche bedeutender Werke, weil sie neue Konzepte des Protagonisten entwerfen. Der Wolf und Rotkäppchen werden mit noch nie da gewesenen Bildern konfrontiert, die nicht nur neu, sondern auch eindeutig subversiv sind. Die Stimme des Erzählers wird hier in polyphone Diskurse unterteilt, in der der Wolf seine Version in der ersten Person wiedergibt. Anschließend befasst sich diese Studie mit neuen Verbildlichungen Rotkäppchens in verschiedenen Genres von Literatur bis hin zur Werbung.
L’espace et le fantastique dans les voyages de Sindbad le marin
Authors: Radi Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, den Raum und das Fantastische in den ersten drei Reisen von Sindbad, dem Seefahrer aus den Märchen von Tausendundeine Nacht, zu erforschen. Die Geschichte des Seefahrers Sindbad dient als symbolischer Ausgangspunkt für unsere Betrachtung, in welcher der Raum als Quelle für das Seltsame und das Wunderbare gilt. Diese Märchen stellen Geschichten dar, in denen die Figur im Mittelpunkt des Raumes steht, so dass der Raum zu einer Quelle des Übernatürlichen wird. In den Reisen des Seefahrers bleibt der Raum nicht immer hinter dem Geschehen zurück. Ganz im Gegenteil dazu kann er zur Quelle für Ungewöhnliches oder Übernatürliches werden oder sich sogar in eine Bestie verwandeln und so die Dynamik der fantastischen Geschichte vorantreiben.
“Completing a meeting”
Authors: Völk Malte 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag identifiziert, vergleicht und analysiert zwei narrative Strategien, die im Zusammenhang mit demenziellen Symptomen in fiktionalen Werken und in alltäglichen, nicht-fiktionalen schriftlichen Quellen gleichermaßen vorkommen. Dabei handelt es sich zum einen um das Phänomen einer Neubetrachtung und illusionären Komplettierung von Biographien, zum anderen um ein von nahestehenden Menschen erzähltes Aufblühen der von Demenz betroffenen Personen. In Anlehnung an ein narrativ geprägtes Verständnis von Biographie wird in diesem Beitrag ein weiter gedanklicher Rahmen eröffnet, der die Bedeutung des Erzählens – auch im ästhetischen Sinn – für den Umgang mit Demenz umspannt.
„Mietenwahnsinn stoppen!“
Authors: Rink Dieter , Vollmer Lisa 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Wohnungsfrage ist in Deutschland zurück auf der politischen Agenda, ihre gestiegene Bedeutung und Politisierung zeigt sich auch in der Zunahme von Protesten. Mietenpolitische Proteste sind in den letzten Jahren zahlreicher geworden und haben deutlich an Zulauf gewonnen. Es lassen sich lokale und bundesweite Zyklen beobachten, die sich zum Teil miteinander verschränken. Mit mietenpolitischen Gruppen, Initiativen und Netzwerken sind klassische Bewegungs- und Mobilisierungsnetzwerke entstanden. Bei der bundesweiten Mobilisierung Anfang April 2019 handelte es sich um die bislang größte seit der deutschen Vereinigung. Die verstärkten bundesweiten Vernetzungsaktivitäten von immer breiter aufgestellten Akteuren deuten auf eine sich weiter steigernde Dynamik der mietenpolitischen Bewegung in Deutschland hin, die das Thema Wohnungspolitik auf die Agenda gesetzt und den politischen Druck erhöht hat. Die aktuellen Tendenzen hin zu einer sozialeren Wohnungspolitik in manchen Städten können als Reaktionen darauf bewertet werden.
Thermodynamic Modeling of the Competition Between Cancer and Normal Cells
Authors: Sadeghi Ghuchani Mostafa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the recognized differences between normal and cancer cells is in their metabolic profile. Tumor cells tend to produce energy through glycolysis rather than the much more efficient oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which healthy cells generally prefer. This phenomenon is identified as the Warburg effect. Although several functional explanations have been proposed for the Warburg effect, the competitive advantage of it is still subject of debate. Here we present a thermodynamic model to simulate the competition of cancer and normal cells in terms of bioenergetics. Our model shows that the Warburg effect has an advantage because the entropy production rate is increased and metabolic efficiency is decreased for cancer cells. Although inefficiency is generally considered a competitive disadvantage for living organisms, the thermodynamic model shows that it is not always the case. Indeed, when the energy resources are abundant and the system has a limited ability to export entropy, the organism with a higher rate of entropy production will have a higher chance of survival despite its lower metabolic efficiency. This thermodynamic model predicts that as long as there are enough nutrients in circulating blood, there are two thermodynamic strategies to control cancer cell populations, i. e., (i) decreasing the entropy production rate of cancer cells and (ii) increasing normal cells’ entropy production rate.
Parameter control and concentration analysis of graphene colloids prepared by electric spark discharge method
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Ku Hsueh-Chien , Tien Der-Chi , Stobinski Leszek 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, graphene colloids were prepared using the electric spark discharge method (ESDM) with graphite rods (99.9% purity) in deionized water (DW) at a normal temperature and pressure. Five different types of graphene colloids were prepared using an electrical discharge machine (EDM) with five different pulse cycle switching times (Ton:Toff) = 10:10, 30:30, 50:50, 70:70, and 90:90 μs. According to the Ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis) and Zetasizer analysis, the results showed that the 10:10 μs parameter was the most suitable for the preparation of graphene colloids. UV-Vis was also used to detect the concentration of the graphene colloids; a comparison with a graphene oxide (GO) confirmed that this method could be used to calculate the discharge time needed to produce graphene colloids with different concentrations in the ESDM process.
Graph-Based Metamodeling for Characterizing Cold Metal Transfer Process Performance
Authors: Nagarajan Hari P. N. , Panicker Suraj , Mokhtarian Hossein , Remy-Lorit Théo , Coatanéa Eric , Prod’hon Romaric , Jafarian Hesam , Haapala Karl R. , Chakraborti Ananda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Achieving predictable, reliable, and cost-effective operations in wire and arc additive manufacturing is a key concern during production of complex-shaped functional metallic components for demanding applications, such as those found in aerospace and automotive industries. A metamodel combining localized submodels of the different physical phenomena during welding can ensure stable material deposition. Such a metamodel would necessarily combine submodels from multiple domains, such as materials science, thermomechanical engineering, and process planning, and it would provide a holistic systems perspective of the modeled process. An approach using causal graph-based modeling and Bayesian networks is proposed to develop a metamodel for a test case using wire and arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer. The developed modeling approach is used to characterize the effect of manufacturing variables on product dimensional quality in the form of a causal graph. A quantitative simulation using Bayesian networks is applied to the causal graph to enable process parameter tuning. The Bayesian network inference mechanism predicts the effects of the parameters on results, whereas, conversely, with known targets, it can predict the required parameter values. Validation of the developed Bayesian network model is performed using experimental tests.
A Standard Test Method for Evaluating Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Capabilities of AGVs and AMRs
Authors: Norton Adam , Gavriel Peter , Yanco Holly 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are now ubiquitous in industrial manufacturing environments. These systems all must possess a similar set of core capabilities, including navigation, obstacle avoidance, and localization. However, there are few standard methods to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of these systems in a way that is comparable. In this article, a standard test method is presented that can be used to evaluate these capabilities and can be easily scaled and augmented according to the characteristics of the system under test. The test method can be configured in a variety of ways to exercise different capabilities, all using a common test apparatus to ease test setup and increase versatility. For each test configuration, conditions are specified with respect to the a priori knowledge provided to the system (e.g., boundary or obstacle locations) and the obstacles in the environment. Robustness of system capabilities is evaluated by purposefully introducing misalignment between the characteristics of the physical and virtual environments (e.g., providing representations of obstacles in the system’s map when they are not physically present). Example test performance data from an AMR are provided. The goal of this work is to provide a common method to characterize the performance of mobile systems in industrial environments that is easily comparable and communicated for both commercial and developmental purposes. This work is driven by existing standards and those in development by the ASTM F45 Committee on Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles and will influence the development of new standards within the committee.
Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neural Circuit Formation in a Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Hai , Kim Yeonghwan , Ro Eun Jeoung , Ho Cindy , Lee Daehoon , Trapp Bruce D. , Suh Hoonkyo 
Published: November 2019

Cognitive impairments are key features in multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive disorder characterized by neuroinflammation-induced demyelination in the central nervous system. To understand the neural substrates that link demyelination to cognitive deficits in MS, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons, which play an essential role in cognitive function. The administration and withdrawal of the combination of cuprizone and rapamycin (Cup/Rap) in C57BL/6J male mice efficiently demyelinated and remyelinated the hippocampus, respectively. In the demyelinated hippocampus, neurogenesis was nearly absent in the dentate gyrus, which was due to inhibited proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Specifically, radial glia-like type 1 NSCs were shifted from a proliferative state to a mitotically-quiescent state in the demyelinated hippocampus. In addition, dendritic spine densities of adult-born neurons were significantly decreased, indicating a reduction in synaptic connections between hippocampal newborn neurons and excitatory input neurons. Concomitant with hippocampal remyelination induced by withdrawal of Cup/Rap, proliferation of type 1 NSCs and dendritic spine densities of adult-born neurons reverted to normal in the hippocampus. Our study shows that proliferation of hippocampal NSCs and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons are inversely correlated with the level of demyelination, providing critical insight into hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to treat cognitive deficits associated with MS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo identify the neural substrates that mediate cognitive dysfunctions associated with a majority of MS patients, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and structural development of adult-born neurons using a Cup/Rap model, which recapitulates the hippocampal demyelination that occurs in MS patients. A shift of NSCs from a proliferatively-active state to mitotically-quiescent state dramatically decreased neurogenesis in the demyelinated hippocampus. Formation of dendritic spines on newborn neurons was also impaired following demyelination. Interestingly, the altered neurogenesis and synaptic connectivity of newborn neurons were reversed to normal levels during remyelination. Thus, our study revealed reversible genesis and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons between the demyelinated and remyelinated hippocampus, suggesting hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential target to normalize cognitive impairments in MS patients.
Dynamic Axis-Tuned Cells in the Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex during a Path-Planning Task
Authors: Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Saito Naohiro , Yoshida Shun , Mushiake Hajime 
Published: November 2019

The lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) plays a crucial role in the cognitive processes known as executive functions, which are necessary for the planning of goal-directed behavior in complex and constantly changing environments. To adapt to such environments, the lPFC must use its neuronal resources in a flexible manner. To investigate the mechanism by which lPFC neurons code directional information flexibly, the present study explored the tuning properties and time development of lPFC neurons in male Japanese monkeys during a path-planning task, which required them to move a cursor to a final goal in a stepwise manner within a checkerboard-like maze. We identified “axis-tuned” cells that preferred two opposing directions of immediate goals (i.e., vertical and horizontal directions). Among them, a considerable number of these axis-tuned cells dynamically transformed from vector tuning to a single final-goal direction. We also found that the activities of axis-tuned cells, especially pyramidal neurons, were also modulated by the abstract sequence patterns that the animals were to execute. These findings suggest that the axis-tuned cells change what they code (the type of behavioral goal) as well as how they code (their tuning shapes) so that the lPFC can represent a large number of possible actions or sequences with limited neuronal resources. The dynamic axis-tuned cells must reflect the flexible coding of behaviorally relevant information at the single neuron level by the lPFC to adapt to uncertain environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral PFC (lPFC) plays a crucial role in the planning of goal-directed behavior in uncertain environments. To adapt to such situations, the lPFC must flexibly encode behaviorally relevant information. Here, we investigated the goal-tuning properties of neuronal firing in the monkey lPFC during a path-planning task. We identified axis-tuned cells that preferred “up-down” or “left-right” immediate goals, and found that many were dynamically transformed from vector tuning to a final-goal direction. The activities of neurons, especially pyramidal neurons, were also modulated by the abstract sequence patterns. Our findings suggest that PFC neurons can alter not only what they code (behavioral goal) but also how they code (tuning shape) when coping with unpredictable environments with limited neuronal resources.
Temporal Coding of Single Auditory Nerve Fibers Is Not Degraded in Aging Gerbils
Authors: Heeringa Amarins N. , Zhang Lichun , Ashida Go , Beutelmann Rainer , Steenken Friederike , Köppl Christine 
Published: November 2019

People suffering from age-related hearing loss typically present with deficits in temporal processing tasks. Temporal processing deficits have also been shown in single-unit studies at the level of the auditory brainstem, midbrain, and cortex of aged animals. In this study, we explored whether temporal coding is already affected at the level of the input to the central auditory system. Single-unit auditory nerve fiber recordings were obtained from 41 Mongolian gerbils of either sex, divided between young, middle-aged, and old gerbils. Temporal coding quality was evaluated as vector strength in response to tones at best frequency, and by constructing shuffled and cross-stimulus autocorrelograms, and reverse correlations, from responses to 1 s noise bursts at 10–30 dB sensation level (dB above threshold). At comparable sensation levels, all measures showed that temporal coding was not altered in auditory nerve fibers of aging gerbils. Furthermore, both temporal fine structure and envelope coding remained unaffected. However, spontaneous rates were decreased in aging gerbils. Importantly, despite elevated pure tone thresholds, the frequency tuning of auditory nerve fibers was not affected. These results suggest that age-related temporal coding deficits arise more centrally, possibly due to a loss of auditory nerve fibers (or their peripheral synapses) but not due to qualitative changes in the responses of remaining auditory nerve fibers. The reduced spontaneous rate and elevated thresholds, but normal frequency tuning, of aged auditory nerve fibers can be explained by the well known reduction of endocochlear potential due to strial dysfunction in aged gerbils.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAs our society ages, age-related hearing deficits become ever more prevalent. Apart from decreased hearing sensitivity, elderly people often suffer from a reduced ability to communicate in daily settings, which is thought to be caused by known age-related deficits in auditory temporal processing. The current study demonstrated, using several different stimuli and analysis techniques, that these putative temporal processing deficits are not apparent in responses of single-unit auditory nerve fibers of quiet-aged gerbils. This suggests that age-related temporal processing deficits may develop more central to the auditory nerve, possibly due to a reduced population of active auditory nerve fibers, which will be of importance for the development of treatments for age-related hearing disorders.
MODİFİYE ATMOSFER (MA) PAKETLENMİŞ KIRLANGIÇ (Chelidonichthys lucerna Linnaeus, 1758) SOTENİN KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ÇORAPCI Bengunur , KOCATEPE Demet 
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada modifiye atmosfer (MA) paketlenmiş
kırlangıç sotenin besin kompozisyonu, fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik
özellikleri ve raf ömrü araştırılmıştır. Sotenin protein, yağ, nem, kül,
karbonhidrat ve enerji değerleri sırasıyla; 12.14 g/100g, 7.62 g/100g, %71.55,
%2.56, %6.13 ve 141.63 kcal/100 g olarak bulunmuştur. pH değeri depolama başı
(0.gün) 6.28, depolama sonu (20. gün)
7.36 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Su aktivitesi değerleri 20 günlük depolama
boyunca 0.95 olarak ölçülmüştür (P&gt;0.05). TBARS ve TVB-N değerleri 20 günlük
depolama boyunca su ürünlerinde sınır değer olarak kabul edilen
tüketilebilirlik değerlerini aşmamıştır. L*, a* ve b*
değerleri 20. gün sırasıyla; 67.62, 5.00, 25.31 olarak ölçülmüştür.

Sonuç olarak; 150°C’de, toplamda 20 dk. süre ile
pişirilen, % 60 CO2/ % 40 O2 oranlarında MA ile
paketlenen ve +4±1°C’de 20 gün
depolamaya alınan kılçıksız kırlangıç balığı sotesinin tüketici için tavsiye
edilebilir raf ömrü, spesifik bozulma bakterilerinin artışı göz önünde
tutularak 16 gün olarak belirlenmiştir.