bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of COVID‐19 on U.S. Aquaculture Farms
Authors: van Senten Jonathan , Engle Carole R. , Smith Matthew A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe U.S. aquaculture industry has experienced disruptions due to the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Responses from 537 U.S. aquaculture farms and businesses, collected through an online survey, revealed that the primary impact has been the disruption of traditional marketing channels. This has resulted in a cascade of effects, including the loss of revenue, consequences for farm labor, difficulty securing production inputs and services, and management challenges from on‐farm inventory of unsold fish/shellfish. Results from the Quarter 1 survey confirm that COVID‐19 has, and will continue to, negatively affect U.S. aquaculture for the duration of 2020, and possibly longer.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules by Multistep Electron Transfer
Authors: Liu Jie , Guðmundsson Arnar , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Minireview presents recent important homogenous aerobic oxidative reactions which are assisted by electron transfer mediators (ETMs). Compared with direct oxidation by molecular oxygen (O2), the use of a coupled catalyst system with ETMs leads to a lower overall energy barrier via stepwise electron transfer. This cooperative catalytic process significantly facilitates the transport of electrons from the reduced form of the substrate‐selective redox catalyst (SSRCred) to O2, thereby increasing the efficiency of the aerobic oxidation. In this Minireview, we have summarized the advances accomplished in recent years in transition‐metal‐catalyzed as well as metal‐free aerobic oxidations of organic molecules in the presence of ETMs. In addition, the recent progress of photochemical and electrochemical oxidative functionalization using ETMs and O2 as the terminal oxidant is also highlighted. Furthermore, the mechanisms of these transformations are showcased.
Catalytic Enantioselective Aminopalladation–Heck Cascade
Authors: He Yu‐Ping , Cao Jian , Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDomino processes initiated by intramolecular nucleopalladation of alkynes have been developed into powerful synthetic tools for the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles. However, a catalytic enantioselective version of this class of reactions remains scarce. We report herein that reaction of 2‐alkynylanilines with prochiral cyclopentenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2, a chiral bidentate pyrox ligand and O2 as terminal oxidant affords the structurally diverse indole‐cyclopentene conjugates bearing two stereocenters in a highly diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective manner. One of the products is converted to a heavily functionalized tetracyclic indolinone derivative.
Rossby wave packets in the upper troposphere and their associations with climatological summertime daily precipitation in MLRYR of China
Authors: Sun Siyuan , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and station observations in China during 1979–2018, features of propagation of baroclinic wave packets in the upper troposphere and their relationships with precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in daily climatology are investigated after having components with periods longer than 9 days filtered out. It is demonstrated that in the filtered daily climatology, the baroclinic wave packets still exist. The wave packet migrates eastward on the northern sides of the westerly jet stream axis whereas it does not move explicitly in the southern side of the axis in the upper troposphere. The filtered daily precipitation over MLRYR is mainly affected by the wave packets in the region south of the westerly jet axis. These results are very meaningful for better understanding behaviors of Rossby waves in daily climatology and the causes of daily precipitation variations in MLRYR.
Electroreductive Nickel‐Catalyzed Thiolation: Efficient Cross‐Electrophile Coupling for C−S Formation
Authors: Ang Nate W. J. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSulfur‐containing molecules are of utmost topical importance towards the effective development of pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Herein, we present an efficient and mild electrochemical thiolation by cross‐electrophile coupling of alkyl bromides with functionalized bench‐stable thiosulfonates to access alkyl sulfides with excellent efficacy and broad functional group tolerance. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic analysis were performed to elucidate mechanistic insights into this electrocatalytic thiolation reaction.
Homogeneous Reforming of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid and Pure Hydrogen Catalyzed by Pincer‐Ruthenium Complexes Capable of Metal–Ligand Cooperation
Authors: Zou You‐Quan , von Wolff Niklas , Rauch Michael , Feller Moran , Zhou Quan‐Quan , Anaby Aviel , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Shimon Linda J. W. , Avram Liat , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlycolic acid is a useful and important α‐hydroxy acid that has broad applications. Herein, the homogeneous ruthenium catalyzed reforming of aqueous ethylene glycol to generate glycolic acid as well as pure hydrogen gas, without concomitant CO2 emission, is reported. This approach provides a clean and sustainable direction to glycolic acid and hydrogen, based on inexpensive, readily available, and renewable ethylene glycol using 0.5 mol % of catalyst. In‐depth mechanistic experimental and computational studies highlight key aspects of the PNNH‐ligand framework involved in this transformation.
Geospatial access predicts cancer stage at presentation and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in southwest Nigeria: A population‐based study
Authors: Knapp Gregory C. , Tansley Gavin , Olasehinde Olalekan , Wuraola Funmilola , Adisa Adewale , Arowolo Olukayode , Olawole M. O. , Romanoff Anya M. , Quan May Lynn , Bouchard‐Fortier Antoine , Alatise Olusegun I. , Kingham T. Peter 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe majority of women in Nigeria present with advanced‐stage breast cancer. To address the role of geospatial access, we constructed a geographic information‐system–based model to evaluate the relationship between modeled travel time, stage at presentation, and overall survival among patients with breast cancer in Nigeria.MethodsConsecutive patients were identified from a single‐institution, prospective breast cancer database (May 2009‐January 2019). Patients were geographically located, and travel time to the hospital was generated using a cost‐distance model that utilized open‐source data. The relationships between travel time, stage at presentation, and overall survival were evaluated with logistic regression and survival analyses. Models were adjusted for age, level of education, and socioeconomic status.ResultsFrom 635 patients, 609 were successfully geographically located. The median age of the cohort was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR], 40‐58 years); 84% presented with ≥stage III disease. Overall, 46.5% underwent surgery; 70.8% received systemic chemotherapy. The median estimated travel time for the cohort was 45 minutes (IQR, 7.9‐79.3 minutes). Patients in the highest travel‐time quintile had a 2.8‐fold increase in the odds of presenting with stage III or IV disease relative to patients in the lowest travel‐time quintile (P = .006). Travel time ≥30 minutes was associated with an increased risk of death (HR, 1.65; P = .004).ConclusionsGeospatial access to a tertiary care facility is independently associated with stage at presentation and overall survival among patients with breast cancer in Nigeria. Addressing disparities in access will be essential to ensure the development of an equitable health policy.
SARC‐F for screening of sarcopenia among older adults with cancer
Authors: Williams Grant R. , Al‐Obaidi Mustafa , Dai Chen , Bhatia Smita , Giri Smith 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes among older adults with cancer; however, no easily applied sarcopenia measure exists for use in clinical practice. The use of SARC‐F, a 5‐item self‐reported sarcopenia screening questionnaire, among older adults with cancer remains to be investigated.MethodsOlder adults (aged ≥60 years) with cancer enrolled in the University of Alabama Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation Registry were identified. Patients completed the SARC‐F questionnaire (with scores ≥4 considered positive for sarcopenia). The authors assessed for differences in geriatric assessment domain impairments, health‐related quality of life, and health care utilization between those with and without sarcopenia using multivariate regression, then assessed the association of sarcopenia with survival using Kaplan‐Meier methods and a Cox regression model, adjusting for covariates.ResultsIn total, 256 older adults were identified. The median age was 69 years, 59% of participants were men, and 75% were White. The median SARC‐F score was 2 (interquartile range, 0‐4), and 33% of participants screened positive. Those with sarcopenia had higher odds of having multiple impairments, including impaired instrumental activities of daily living (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 18.1; 95% CI, 7.5‐43.8) and frailty (aOR, 43.5; 95% CI, 17.7‐106.8) as well as reduced physical and mental health‐related quality of life (β coefficient, −13.6 and −11.5, respectively) and increased emergency room visits (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.7). Furthermore, sarcopenia was independently associated with inferior overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.1‐8.3; P = .04).ConclusionsOne‐third of older adults with cancer in this cohort screened positive for sarcopenia using the SARC‐F screening questionnaire, and these positive scores are associated with geriatric assessment domain impairments, reduced health‐related quality of life, increased emergency room visits, and inferior overall survival.
Conditional Density Estimation, Latent Variable Discovery, and Optimal Transport
Authors: Yang Hongkang , Tabak Esteban G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA framework is proposed that addresses both conditional density estimation and latent variable discovery. The objective function maximizes explanation of variability in the data, achieved through the optimal transport barycenter generalized to a collection of conditional distributions indexed by a covariate—either given or latent—in any suitable space. Theoretical results establish the existence of barycenters, a minimax formulation of optimal transport maps, and a general characterization of variability via the optimal transport cost. This framework leads to a family of nonparametric neural network‐based algorithms, the BaryNet, with a supervised version that estimates conditional distributions and an unsupervised version that assigns latent variables. The efficacy of BaryNets is demonstrated by tests on both artificial and real‐world data sets. A parallel drawn between autoencoders and the barycenter framework leads to the Barycentric autoencoder algorithm (BAE). © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Exfoliated Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets with Abundant Zinc Vacancies for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Wang Zhitong , Qi Ruijuan , Liu Dongyu , Zhao Xiaodie , Huang Lei , Chen Shenghua , Chen Zhiquan , Li Mingtao , You Bo , Pang Yuanjie , Yu Xia Bao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) is promising for balancing carbon cycles while producing value‐added feedstocks. Herein, ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets with abundant Zn vacancies are demonstrated for electrochemically reducing CO2 to formate. Specifically, a partial current density of 245 mA cm−2 with a near‐unity faradaic efficiency of 94 % for formate generation was achieved over the ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets in a flow cell configuration. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that abundant Zn vacancies in the ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets with a high electrochemically active surface area synergistically optimized the intermediate binding energy and contributed to the boosted selectivity and activity. This work may provide useful understandings in designing efficient catalysts for selective CO2 electroreduction.
Unexpected Ring Opening During the Imination of Camphor‐Type Bicyclic Ketones
Authors: Chernyshov Vladimir V. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Borisevich Sophia S. , Trukhan Sergey N. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Peshkov Roman Yu. , Eltsov Ilia V. , Martyanov Oleg N. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new ring opening reaction was found while attempting to isolate the imines from ortho‐heteroatom substituted anilines and camphor‐like bicyclic ketones. The benzoazoles containing a cyclopentanemethyl group at position 2 of the heterocycle were isolated instead of the expected imines. The detailed study of the transformation, including EPR experiments, revealed the most probable radical mechanism. The proposed reaction pathways were confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The dichotomy of 1–2 and 2–3 bonds cleavage is discussed together with the evaluation of the stereochemical outcome of the reactions. The benzoazoles obtained via the new reaction are of particular interest for the medicinal chemistry.
Oxidative Transformation of Biomass into Formic Acid
Authors: Sahoo Prakash Kumar , Zhang Tong , Das Shoubhik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFormic acid (FA) is well‐known as a promising hydrogen source as well as a valuable chemical for the industries of textiles, pharmaceuticals etc. In fact, 1.137 million metric tons of FA is required worldwide per year to meet the current demand. Therefore, there is a strong interest for the generation of FA in a sustainable way to meet the future demand. Inspired by this information, several strategies have been considered for the sustainable synthesis of FA. Herein, we summarise the recent articles for the oxidative transformation of biomass into FA.
Influence of ore grade and mineral medium on chalcopyrite bioleaching with mixed microbial consortia
Authors: Benzal Eva , Solé Montse , Lao Conxita , Morral Eloi , Gamisans Xavier , Dorado Antonio D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present work, key parameters in copper bioleaching from chalcopyrite have been investigated at long‐term operation. In detail, the type of mixed microbial consortium (origin and adaptation); the composition of two mineral media (the growth medium and the modified 9K medium); its buffer capacity by the buffers HCl/KCl and Na2HPO4/KH2PO4; and the influence of different ore grades in relation with the potential alkalinity associated have been investigated. For the first time, a mixed microbial consortium, obtained from a gas‐phase biotrickling filter treating high loads of H2S, was employed revealing significant copper extraction by biological leaching. Results reveal that a single adaptation step of this biomass improved both kinetics and process efficiency, nearly doubling the amount of copper obtained compared with the non‐adapted consortium. Nevertheless, the growth medium also influences the efficiency of the bioleaching process, enhancing copper extraction at higher sulfate concentration. The ore containing the metal is also a determining factor, obtaining same copper extraction for biotic and abiotic in one case, and enhancing up to 50 times from the abiotic in the other. Thus, this becomes a relevant limitation for the applicability of bioleaching for some ores, mainly due to the composition of the matrix.
Effect of simulated transport vibration on the quality of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) during storage
Authors: Tao Fei , Chen Wenwei , Jia Zhenbao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe quality and shelf life of mushrooms are critical to their commercial viability. In this study, the effects of simulated transport vibration on postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were assessed over 12 days of storage. Furthermore, the protective performance of foam cushion material used in packaging during simulated transport was evaluated. Changes in respiration rate, weight loss, browning index, firmness, and malondialdehyde content were measured following vibration treatment. The results revealed that simulated transport vibration contributed to the deterioration of quality of shiitake mushrooms during storage, and the foam cushion material had a protective influence on the maintenance of shiitake mushroom quality. Taken together, our findings suggest that the foam cushion material used in packaging has the potential to improve the quality of shiitake mushrooms and extend their shelf life.
COVID‐19: Short‐Term Influence on China's Economy Considering Different Scenarios
Authors: Pan Wei , Huang Ge , Shi Yongdong , Hu Cheng , Dai Wan‐qiang , Pan Wulin , Rongsheng Huang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, most countries have entered the outbreak period of the novel coronavirus epidemic. This sudden outbreak has caused a huge impact on the global economy, which has intensified the division of globalization and the recession of the global economy. Although the epidemic situation in China has gradually stabilized, the severe situation in the world still inevitably impacts China's economy. Based on the uncertainty of future epidemic, this paper sets up three scenarios to analyze the impact of the epidemic on China's economy. The first is that in June, the epidemic both at home and abroad is under control without rebound; the second is that the domestic epidemic is basically controlled but the foreign situation is not effectively controlled; the third is that the epidemic situation in China has a serious rebound due to the influence of the imported cases from abroad, which destroy the economy again. At the same time, some corresponding guidelines are put forward for the recovery of economy, and to minimize the economic losses as well as accelerate the pace of national economic recovery. In addition, it is believed that these suggestions may have certain reference value to other countries.
Tiron alleviates MPTP‐induced Parkinsonism in mice via activation of Keap‐1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Mohamed Shrook A. , El‐Kashef Dalia H. , Nader Manar A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disease that is common all over the world. This study aimed at exploring the neuroprotective effect of tiron against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced Parkinsonism. MPTP (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) was injected in mice daily for 5 consecutive days. Mice were treated with tiron (140 and 280 mg/kg, ip) or levodopa (8.4 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days starting 5 days before MPTP injection. At the end of the experiment, behavioral tests were conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of tiron. Moreover, oxidative stress was assessed via measuring antioxidant enzyme, such as catalase, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated as malondialdehyde. Neuronal damage was also detected by histopathological examination and via estimating hippocampal levels of dopamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2. In addition, the expression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 and heme oxygenase‐1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the blank control group and the positive control group, the inhibitory effect of tiron on MPTP‐induced neurodegenerative injury was statistically significant.
Having a Creative Day: A Daily Diary Study of the Interplay Between Daily Activating Moods and Physical Work Environment on Daily Creativity
Authors: Chi Nai‐Wen , Liao Hsueh‐Hua , Chien Wan‐Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough recent studies have attempted to clarify the daily dynamics between moods and creativity, relatively limited studies have explored how daily positive and negative activating moods influence changes in daily creativity (i.e., controlling for the effects of prior daily creativity) in real organizations. Furthermore, although the importance of the physical working environment has been highlighted in the creativity literature, it remains unclear how the dimensions of the physical working environment (i.e., adjustability of work area and facilitation of informal communication) influence employees’ daily creativity directly or moderate the effects of daily activating moods on creativity. Using the daily diary research design, we collect lagged daily data from 70 creative workers across ten consecutive working days, yielding 662 valid matched daily responses. The results of multilevel path analysis show that both daily positive/negative activating moods had lagged and positive effects on changes in subsequent creativity, and the physical environment that facilitates informal interactions strengthened these positive lagged effects. Besides, a physical environment that facilitates informal interactions also directly predicted changes in daily creativity. Surprisingly, the work area’s adjustability attenuated the positive lagged effect of daily positive activating moods on daily creativity.
Psychological Distress and Well‐Being in Trauma‐Exposed Adolescents: A Residualized, Person‐Centered Approach to Resilience
Authors: Cohen Joseph R. , Choi Jae Wan , Thakur Hena , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPositive adaptation manifests differently in the aftermath of traumatic events. Methodological limitations, however, impede the ability to test conceptualizations of resilience that emphasize the multifaceted nature of these responses. In response, an approach that synthesized a residualized and person‐centered conceptualization of resilience examined associations between aspects of resilience in an adolescent sample. In total, 584 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (age range: 12–17 years; M = 14.98 years; SD = 1.05; 50.9% female; 30.1% White, 29.6% African American, 19.5% Hispanic) self‐reported lifetime emotional maltreatment and community violence exposure as well as current levels of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), violent behavior, and psychological well‐being (PWB). Each mental health outcome was regressed on lifetime trauma exposure to create residuals used as indices of resilience. Correlations between the residuals suggested that PWB was more closely related to resilience to depression and PTS, rs = .17–.30, than violent behavior, r = .00. Residuals were subsequently entered into person‐centered analyses to identify representative well‐being profiles. Cluster analysis identified four groups, including two adaptive profiles defined by (a) lower distress and higher PWB and (b) lower psychopathology and lower PWB, based on adolescents’ levels of trauma exposure. These two profiles did not vary regarding impairment, p > .999, suggesting both profiles represent positive adaption to lifetime trauma exposure. Theoretical and clinical implications of distinguishing between these two profiles by assessing PWB in adolescents are discussed, as well as how PWB may manifest within the context of different patterns of psychological distress.