bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in an Asymptomatic Elderly Population
Authors: Moon Sun Joon , Chun Eun Ju , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Lim Soo 
Published: November 2019

Background

The prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography (
CCTA
) for evaluating coronary artery disease in asymptomatic older adults is controversial. We investigated the prognostic value of
CCTA
in community‐dwelling elderly Koreans.

Methods and Results

Participants (n=470; mean age: 75.1±7.3 years) who underwent
CCTA
were enrolled from KLoSHA (Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging), a community‐based prospective cohort. Using
CCTA
,
coronary artery disease
was classified as
normal, nonobstructive
, or
obstructive
according to the presence of 0%, <50%, or ≥50% stenosis, respectively. Coronary artery calcium scores were investigated together with Framingham risk score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease score, and individual risk factors. Major adverse cardiac events (
MACE
) were defined as a composite of cardiac event–related death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. During a median follow‐up of 8.2 years (interquartile range: 7.7–10.1 years),
MACE
occurred in 24 participants (5.1%). Compared with the normal group, participants in the obstructive group showed higher incidence of
MACE
(hazard ratio: 5.65; 95% CI, 1.22–26.16;
P
=0.027), whereas there were no significant differences in
MACE
between the normal and nonobstructive groups. The 8‐year event‐free survival rates were 98.1±1.1%, 94.9±1.6%, and 81.7±4.8% in the normal, nonobstructive, and obstructive groups, respectively. Compared with the
Framingham risk score
and c
oronary artery calcium score
model,
CCTA
improved risk prediction by C‐index (from 0.698 to 0.749) and category‐free net reclassification index (0.478;
P
=0.022).

Conclusions

CCTA
showed better long‐term prognostic value for
MACE
than
coronary artery calcium score
in this asymptomatic older population.
Disagreement Between Randomized and Observational Evidence on the Use of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting: A Meta‐Analytic Approach
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Rahouma Mohamed , Hameed Irbaz , Khan Faiza M. , Taggart David P. , Flather Marcus , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Fremes Stephen E. 
Published: November 2019

Background
The ART (Arterial Revascularization Trial) showed no difference in survival at 10 years between patients assigned to the single versus bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting strategies. This finding is in contrast with the results of most observational studies, where the use of 2 internal thoracic arteries has been associated with improved survival.

Methods and Results
We selected propensity‐matched studies from the most comprehensive observational meta‐analysis on the long‐term outcomes of patients receiving 1 versus 2 internal thoracic arteries. Individual participant survival data from each study and the ART were reconstructed using an iterative algorithm that was applied to solve the Kaplan‐Meier equations. The reconstructed individual participant survival data were aggregated to obtain combined survival curves and Cox regression hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Individual participant survival data were obtained from 14 matched observational studies (24 123 patients) and the ART. The 10‐year survival of the control group of ART was significantly higher than that of the matched observational studies (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80–0.93). The 10‐year survival of the experimental group of ART was significantly lower than that of the bilateral internal thoracic artery group of the observational studies (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03–1.20).

Conclusions
Both the improved outcome of the control arm and the lower beneficial effect of the intervention had played a role in the difference between observational evidence and ART.
From Marxist to Post-Marxist Populism: Ernesto Laclau’s Trajectory within the National Left and Beyond
Authors: Acha Omar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ernesto Laclau’s Marxist and post-Marxist works are best understood when they are embedded in the history of Argentina’s National Left. This socialist-populist current underpinned his strategic horizons onward of at least 1963. While purely theoretical interpretations of Laclau can sometimes be enlightening, they tend to lose sight of the historical density of the Argentine’s thought. Over the course of his working life, Laclau’s theories presented the Argentinean Left with a challenge concerning how to engage with Peronism: specifically, how to develop a leftist hegemonic project in an era when the working class remained stubbornly linked to a Peronist political identity. Laclau’s political trajectory and his understanding of Marxism are analysed here in order to explain the nature of his post-Marxism.
Money versus Value?
Authors: Lange Elena Louisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Even after the demise of the influential Uno School in the 1980s, Japanese economists have been continuously engaged in the categorial reconstruction of Marx’s Critique of Political Economy, especially the theory of value and money. Writing in the 1980s–2000s, authors of the ‘post-Uno School’, such as Ebitsuka Akira, Mukai Kimitoshi, Kataoka Kōji etc., broadened the value-theoretical views of Uno School orthodoxy to include, among others, the Neue Marx-Lektüre (predominantly H.-G. Backhaus and M. Heinrich) and the French economists C. Benetti and J. Cartelier.
This paper will confront the ‘post-Uno School’s’ reading of Marx’s theory of value, which poses the theories of value and money as unreconcilable, leading them to discard the theory of value in favour of a ‘monetary approach’. We show that the dismissal of value theory leads to an introduction of Baileyan and neoclassical elements into Marx’s theory, which we believe to be both theoretically and practically precarious.
Shape Recognition With Sounds: Improvement in Sighted Individuals After Audio–Motor Training
Authors: Martolini Chiara , Cappagli Giulia , Campus Claudio , Gori Monica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that audition used to complement or substitute visual feedback is effective in conveying spatial information, e.g., sighted individuals can understand the curvature of a shape when solely auditory input is provided. Recently we also demonstrated that, in the absence of vision, auditory feedback of body movements can enhance spatial perception in visually impaired adults and children. In the present study, we assessed whether sighted adults can also improve their spatial abilities related to shape recognition with an audio-motor training based on the idea that the coupling of auditory and motor information can further refine the representation of space when vision is missing. Auditory shape recognition was assessed in 22 blindfolded sighted adults with an auditory task requiring participants to identify four shapes by means of the sound conveyed through a set of consecutive loudspeakers embedded on a fixed two-dimensional vertical array. We divided participants into two groups of 11 adults each, performing a training session in two different modalities: active audio-motor training (experimental group) and passive auditory training (control group). The audio-motor training consisted in the reproduction of specific movements with the arm by relying on the sound produced by an auditory source positioned on the wrist of participants. Results showed that sighted individuals improved the recognition of auditory shapes only after active training, suggesting that audio-motor feedback can be an effective tool to enhance spatial representation when visual information is lacking.
The New Age and Gnosticism: Terms of Commonality
Authors: Horowitz Mitch 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The author uses three examples from contemporary New Age culture to demonstrate that popular alternative spirituality, while having no direct connection with ancient Gnosticism, reflects some of the core concerns and ideals found in Gnostic writing and liturgy, including mystical experience, radical ecumenism, and expanded human consciousness. This intersection demonstrates that the modern New Age itself indirectly comports with key elements of Gnostic tradition.
What Causes the AMOC to Weaken in CMIP5?
Authors: Levang Samuel J. , Schmitt Raymond W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn a transient warming scenario, the North Atlantic is influenced by a complex pattern of surface buoyancy flux changes that ultimately weaken the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here we study the AMOC response in the CMIP5 experiment, using the near-geostrophic balance of the AMOC on interannual time scales to identify the role of temperature and salinity changes in altering the circulation. The thermal wind relationship is used to quantify changes in the zonal density gradients that control the strength of the flow. At 40°N, where the overturning cell is at its strongest, weakening of the AMOC is largely driven by warming between 1000- and 2000-m depth along the western margin. Despite significant subpolar surface freshening, salinity changes are small in the deep branch of the circulation. This is likely due to the influence of anomalously salty water in the subpolar intermediate layers, which is carried northward from the subtropics in the upper limb of the AMOC. In the upper 1000 m at 40°N, salty anomalies due to increased evaporation largely cancel the buoyancy increase due to warming. Therefore, in CMIP5, temperature dynamics are responsible for AMOC weakening, while freshwater forcing instead acts to strengthen the circulation in the net. These results indicate that past modeling studies of AMOC weakening, which rely on freshwater hosing in the subpolar gyre, may not be directly applicable to a more complex warming scenario.
Can the GPM IMERG Final Product Accurately Represent MCSs’ Precipitation Characteristics over the Central and Eastern United States?
Authors: Cui Wenjun , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Feng Zhe , Fan Jiwen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) play an important role in water and energy cycles as they produce heavy rainfall and modify the radiative profile in the tropics and midlatitudes. An accurate representation of MCSs’ rainfall is therefore crucial in understanding their impact on the climate system. The V06B Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals from Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) half-hourly precipitation final product is a useful tool to study the precipitation characteristics of MCSs because of its global coverage and fine spatiotemporal resolutions. However, errors and uncertainties in IMERG should be quantified before applying it to hydrology and climate applications. This study evaluates IMERG performance on capturing and detecting MCSs’ precipitation in the central and eastern United States during a 3-yr study period against the radar-based Stage IV product. The tracked MCSs are divided into four seasons and are analyzed separately for both datasets. IMERG shows a wet bias in total precipitation but a dry bias in hourly mean precipitation during all seasons due to the false classification of nonprecipitating pixels as precipitating. These false alarm events are possibly caused by evaporation under the cloud base or the misrepresentation of MCS cold anvil regions as precipitating clouds by the algorithm. IMERG agrees reasonably well with Stage IV in terms of the seasonal spatial distribution and diurnal cycle of MCSs precipitation. A relative humidity (RH)-based correction has been applied to the IMERG precipitation product, which helps reduce the number of false alarm pixels and improves the overall performance of IMERG with respect to Stage IV.
On the Interaction between Wind Stress and Waves: Wave Growth and Statistical Properties of Large Waves
Authors: Lee J. H. , Monty J. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStatistical properties and development of wave fields with different wind forcings are investigated through parametric laboratory experiments. Thirty different, random sea states simulated using a JONSWAP spectrum are mechanically generated in deep-water conditions. Each of the random simulated sea states is exactly repeated but subjected to a range of different wind speeds to study the interaction between wind stress and the existing random sea state waves, especially the isolated effect of the wind stress on the largest waves. Wave crest distributions are sensitive to the wind at the extreme end such that there is an observed deviation from second-order theory for the largest (lowest probability) waves at high wind speed. Because the local wave steepness increases with wind speed, eventually reaching a breaking point, the growth of extreme waves (relative to the significant wave height) due to wind stress is shown to be limited by wave breaking. Even when large waves are breaking, the data reveal that amplitude modulation of wave groups is enhanced substantially as the wind speed increases due to the difference in growth rates between the highest and the lowest wave crests in a wave group. However, there is no evidence of an increase in modulation instability with the wind speed, suggesting that the wind–wave interaction under strong wind forcing dominates the wave growth mechanism over nonlinear wave interactions in a broadband wave field.
An Analysis of Subdaily Severe Thunderstorm Probabilities for the United States
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the challenges of providing probabilistic information on a multitude of spatiotemporal scales is ensuring that information is both accurate and useful to decision-makers. Focusing on larger spatiotemporal scales (i.e., from convective outlook to weather watch scales), historical severe weather reports are analyzed to begin to understand the spatiotemporal scales that hazardous weather events are contained within. Reports from the Storm Prediction Center’s report archive are placed onto grids of differing spatial scales and then split into 24-h convective outlook days (1200–1200 UTC). These grids are then analyzed temporally to assess over what fraction of the day a single location would generally experience severe weather events. Different combinations of temporal and spatial scales are tested to determine how the reference class (or the choice of what scales to use) alters the probabilities of severe weather events. Results indicate that at any given point in the United States on any given day, more than 95% of the daily reports within 40 km of the point occur in a 4-h period. Therefore, the SPC 24-h convective outlook probabilities can be interpreted as 4-h convective outlook probabilities without a significant change in meaning. Additionally, probabilities and threat periods are analyzed at each location and different times of year. These results indicate little variability in the duration of severe weather events, which allows for a consistent definition of an “event” for all locations in the continental United States.
Vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats affects hepatic cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Wolke Carmen , Gürtler Sarah , Peter Daniela , Weingärtner Jens , Domanska Grazyna , Lendeckel Uwe , Schild Lorenz 
Published: November 2019

Vitamin B6 deficiency during pregnancy translates into a severe vitamin B6 deficiency (plasma levels decreased by 97%) in new-born rats. Further, hallmarks are increased (+89%) concentrations of homocysteine, gross changes in gene methylation and expression, and metabolic alterations including lipid metabolism. This study focuses on determining the effects of vitamin B6-deficiency on cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation in liver. For this purpose, hepatic cardiolipin composition was analyzed by means of LC/MS/MS, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was determined by using a Clark-type electrode in a rat model of vitamin B6 deficiency. Liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term vitamin B6 deficiency responded with substantial alterations in cardiolipin composition that include the following changes in the amounts of cardiolipin incorporated fatty acids: increase in C16, decrease in C18, decrease in saturated fatty acid, as well as increase in amount of oxidized cardiolipin species. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats induces massive alterations of cardiolipin composition and function of liver mitochondria. These findings support the importance of sufficient periconceptional supply of vitamin B6 to prevent vitamin B6 deficiency.Impact statementVitamin B6 (VitB6) is an active co-enzyme for more than 150 enzymes and is required for a great diversity of biosynthesis and metabolic reactions. There is an increased need for VitB6 during pregnancy and sufficient supply of VitB6 is crucial for the prevention of cleft palate and neural tube defects. We show that liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term VitB6 deficiency respond with substantial alterations in cardiolipin (CL) composition and in the amount of oxidized CL species. These changes are associated with a decrease in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The results of this study support the significance of sufficient supply of VitB6 during pregnancy (and periconceptional) for diminishing the number of early abortions and minimizing malformation. The established link between VitB6 deficiency, CL composition, and mitochondrial respiration/energy production provides mechanistic insight as to how the VitB6 deficiency translates into the known pathophysiological and clinically relevant conditions.
Genes with human-specific features are primarily involved with
brain, immune and metabolic evolution
Authors: Bitar Mainá , Kuiper Stefanie , O’Brien Elizabeth A. , Barry Guy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Humans have adapted to widespread changes during the past 2 million
years in both environmental and lifestyle factors. This is evident in overall
body alterations such as average height and brain size. Although we can
appreciate the uniqueness of our species in many aspects, molecular variations
that drive such changes are far from being fully known and explained.
Comparative genomics is able to determine variations in genomic sequence that
may provide functional information to better understand species-specific
adaptations. A large number of human-specific genomic variations have been
reported but no currently available dataset comprises all of these, a problem
which contributes to hinder progress in the field.

Results
Here we critically update high confidence human-specific genomic
variants that mostly associate with protein-coding regions and find 856 related
genes. Events that create such human-specificity are mainly gene duplications,
the emergence of novel gene regions and sequence and structural alterations.
Functional analysis of these human-specific genes identifies adaptations to
brain, immune and metabolic systems to be highly involved. We further show that
many of these genes may be functionally associated with neural activity and
generating the expanded human cortex in dynamic spatial and temporal
contexts.

Conclusions
This comprehensive study contributes to the current knowledge by
considerably updating the number of human-specific genes following a critical
bibliographic survey. Human-specific genes were functionally assessed for the
first time to such extent, thus providing unique information. Our results are
consistent with environmental changes, such as immune challenges and alterations
in diet, as well as neural sophistication, as significant contributors to recent
human evolution.
Analyzing gene expression data for pediatric and adult cancer diagnosis using logic learning machine and standard supervised methods
Authors: Verda Damiano , Parodi Stefano , Ferrari Enrico , Muselli Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLogic Learning Machine (LLM) is an innovative method of supervised analysis capable of constructing models based on simple and intelligible rules.In this investigation the performance of LLM in classifying patients with cancer was evaluated using a set of eight publicly available gene expression databases for cancer diagnosis.LLM accuracy was assessed by summary ROC curve (sROC) analysis and estimated by the area under ansROCcurve (sAUC). Its performance was compared in cross validation with that of standard supervised methods, namely: decision tree, artificial neural network, support vector machine (SVM) andk-nearest neighbor classifier.ResultsLLM showed an excellent accuracy (sAUC = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.98–1.0) and outperformed any other method except SVM.ConclusionsLLM is a new powerful tool for the analysis of gene expression data for cancer diagnosis. Simple rules generated by LLM could contribute to a better understanding of cancer biology, potentially addressing therapeutic approaches.
Are personalities genetically determined? Inferences from subsocial spiders
Authors: Purcell Jessica , Pruitt Jonathan N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent research has revealed that polymorphic behavioral strategies shape intra-and interspecific interactions and contribute to fitness in many animal species. A better understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying these behavioral syndromes will enhance our grasp this phenomenon. Spiders in the genusAnelosimusexhibit inter-individual behavioral variation on several axes: individuals have consistent responses to stimuli (e.g. bold vs. shy individuals) and they are subsocial (exhibiting extended maternal care and sibling cooperation) across most of their range, but they sometimes form permanent social groups in northern temperate regions. Here, we seek genetic variants associated with boldness and with social structure in a socially polymorphic population of the spiderAnelosimus studiosus.We also develop preliminary genomic resources, including a genome assembly and linkage map, that support this and future genomic research on this group.ResultsRemarkably, we identify a small genomic scaffold (~ 1200 bp) that harbors seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with boldness. Moreover, heterozygotes are less common than expected based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting that either assortative mating or selection against heterozygotes may be occurring in this system. We find no loci significantly associated with social organization. Our draft genome assembly allows us to localize SNPs of interest in this study and to carry out genetic comparisons with other published genomes, although it remains highly fragmented.ConclusionsBy identifying a locus associated with a well-studied animal personality trait, this study opens up avenues for future research to link behavioral studies of animal personality with genotype and fitness.