bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health and quality of life assessment among adult internally displaced persons, Tripoli Libya
Authors: Sryh M , Ozcebe H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Internal displacement in Libya is one of the main results of armed conflicts since 2011. Displacement adversely affects the quality of life. Our descriptive study aims to assess the percentage of mental disorders, the level of the quality of life among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in private residents and camps in Tripoli city Libya.

Methods
In this study, 469 IDPs were reached in Tripoli city, Libya (227 IDPs in private residency and 242 IDPs in camp residency). The questionnaires including socio-economic characteristics, health status, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) and Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) were filled by IDPs under observation.

Results
Among private residents 51.8% were males, 41.0% of them aged 25-34, the mean score for SF 36 Physical Sub dimension (PQOL) and Sd was 69.72±20.85 (p &lt; 0.001) and the mean score for SF 36 Mental Sub dimension (MQOL) was 62.28±17.87 (p &lt; 0.001), where 24.2% of them had chronic disease and 45.5% of them had a degree of mental disorder. Among camp residents 33.2% were males, 32.6% of them aged 18-24, they had mean score and Sd 59.43±17.86 for PQOL (p &lt; 0.001) and mean score 55.56±17.20 for MQOL (p &lt; 0.001), where 16.5% of them had chronic disease and 72.6% of them had a degree of mental disorder.

Conclusions
Camp resident IDPs had higher mental disorders and lower score of quality of life domains than private resident IDPs. Among IDPs; statistically significant association was found between low level of quality of life and camp residency, the presence of chronic disease and mental disorders. Thus efforts target the improvement of socio-economic status and mental healthcare service among camp resident IDPs are highly recommended, with special attention to people with chronic diseases.

Key messages
Internal displacement, camp residency, the presence of chronic disease and mental disorders have a deep negative impact on quality of life. IDPs living in camp residency need additional interventions to improve the quality of life.
Caries and fluoridated water in two Brazilian cities in the first decade of the 21st century
Authors: Cruz M G B , Narvai P C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite health policies must be shaped by scientific evidence, there is no data to prove that water fluoridation increases preventive benefit to dental caries in addition to that provided by the widespread use of fluoride toothpaste.

Methods
A double census population survey was conducted in two Brazilian small cities, differentiated only by exposure or not, for at least 5 years, to fluoridated water, in 2014. The magnitude and experience of caries were assessed using the dmft (at 5-6-year-old; N = 233), DMFT (at 11-12-year-old; N = 312) and SiC (at 11-12-year-old; N = 105) indexes. Associations were tested by Pearson's chi-square statistics and prevalence ratio (PR) between unexposed (NE) and exposed (E) to fluoridated water.

Results
Deciduous dentition: Although caries experience (dmft≥1) was not associated with exposure to fluoridated water (chi-square=2.77, p = 0.96, α = 5%), there was a significant difference in the magnitude which the disease reached the population: the mean dmft were 2.74 in those exposed and 4.17 in unexposed. PR (NE/E) was 1.21 indicating that exposure to fluoridated water corresponded to a 21% lower prevalence rate, compared to those unexposed. Permanent dentition: Although caries experience (DMFT≥1) was not associated with exposure to fluoridated water (chi-square=1.78; p = 0.18; α = 5%), a significant difference was observed in the magnitude with which the disease reached the population: the means of DMFT were 1.76 in those exposed and 2.60 in unexposed and the means of SiC were 4.04 and 6.16, respectively. PR (NE/E) was 1.13 indicating little expressiveness in prevalence difference.

Conclusions
Exposure to fluoridated water implied a lower mean value of the dmft, DMFT and SiC indexes at a level of 50%, although in the presence of concomitant universal exposure to fluoridated dentifrice. The maintenance of water fluoridated in Brazil and other countries as an effective public health measure is strongly supported by this research results.

Key messages
This research is in the interest of all countries to decide whether, even with access to fluoridated toothpastes, it is worth adding fluoride to the waters that supply their populations. The study's approach is unprecedented and describes innovative possibilities of using cross-sectional studies to evaluate the results and impacts of public oral health policies.
Cancer information overload and multiple prevention behaviors
Authors: Breyton M , Smith A B , Rouquette A , Mancini J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Many people feel overwhelmed by the increasing amount of cancer-related material available in the information environment. Our aims was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the brief version of the cancer information overload (CIO) scale and to examine the association between CIO and multiple cancer prevention behaviors.

Methods
A large survey using a self-administered online questionnaire was proposed to all adult members of the Seintinelles, a French national non-profit organization. The psychometric properties of the CIO scale were evaluated. Measurement invariance across French and English languages was studied using an additional sample of 224 Australian cancer survivors from Register4. We also collected functional, communicative, and critical health literacy (FCCHL), deprivation (EPICES index), current smoking, alcohol misuse, frequent sunburns, and rare skin self-examination.

Results
Between June 16th and 30th 2016, 2 363 French participants answered the online questionnaire. The five-item CIO scale demonstrated the best balance between psychometric properties and number of items. It showed satisfactory internal consistency and adequate fit. No measurement invariance issue was found across age, gender, education level, and language groups.
CIO was increased among people with higher deprivation, lower education and a cancer information avoidant profile. In multivariate analyses, CIO was associated with tobacco use (OR = 1.05, 95%CI [1.00-1.10]), rare skin checks (OR = 1.05 [1.01-1.08]) and frequent sunburns (OR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07]), but not with alcohol misuse.

Conclusions
The 5-item CIO scale is ready to be used in French and English-speaking countries. The links observed between CIO and multiple prevention behaviors encourage further research in order to better characterize the psycho-cognitive and environmental phenomena at play. Efforts are needed to communicate adequately and empower citizens to limit the growing burden of cancer.

Key messages
The 5-item CIO scale is ready to be used in French and English-speaking countries. Efforts are needed to communicate adequately and empower citizens to limit the growing burden of cancer.
The impact of retirement on physical, mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Odone A , Frascella B , Vigezzi G , Gaetti G , Gianfredi V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Population ageing presents both challenges and opportunities for societies around the world. Increasing statutory retirement age and limiting exits to early retirement are frequent policy responses to population ageing, but this is unlikely to have the desired impact if the complex relationships that link work, retirement and health remains unknown. In this context, we designed and are currently conducting the multi-partner project on pension reforms and spatial-temporal patterns in healthy ageing, funded by Fondazione Cariplo. The project involves a multi-disciplinary research team from University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Bocconi University and the Unit of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service of ASL TO3.
In this first presentation we will first describe the project design, its general aim and specific objectives, then we will present a proposed conceptual framework on the association between retirement and health and its determinants. The framework is the first deliverable of the project and is the results of a comprehensive review of the available evidence and consultation with experts in the field. In particular we conducted a scoping review to retrieve, pool and critically appraise the relevant evidence on the impact of retirement and transition to retirement on physical and mental health and their determinants. We summarized the evidence collected in a conceptual framework that attempt to quantify how health and retirement are bi-directionally linked, how health is central to the timing of retirement, how labor-associated determinants condition employment cessation, how and retirement have varying effects on risk factors for physical and mental health and the role of confounding factors and mediators. Towards the end of the presentation we will outline an extensive stakeholder mapping carried out for the purposes of the project at the national and European level
Informatics competences of registered nurses – does the graduation year matter?
Authors: Kaihlanen A-M , Gluschkoff K , Laukka E , Heponiemi T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Digital services have become an essential part of nurse's work and nursing informatics competence a prerequisite for nurses to carry out their professional roles. Urgent investments are needed in informatics competence development and integrating informatics into nursing curricula. However, this has shown to be a challenge in many countries. In 2015, Finnish eHealth strategies emphasised the importance of investing more in informatics education for health professionals. This study evaluated whether these strategies have succeeded in increasing the informatics competences of registered nurses.

Methods
The data were collected in Finland with an electronic survey (end of 2018). The sample comprised 1639 nurses who were categorised in eight groups based on their graduation year. Analysis of covariance was used to examine whether the graduation year was associated with nurses' overall informatics competence and four specific competences (terminology based documentation; patient-related digital work; general IT competency; e-documentation according to structured national headings). Models were adjusted for age, gender, work setting and geographical area.

Results
Graduation year was associated with the nurses' overall informatics competence (F = 4.91 p &lt; 0.001) and specific competences related to terminology based documentation (F = 5.27 p &lt; 0.001), patient-related digital work (F = 4.00 p &lt; 0.001) and general IT competency (F = 3.63 p = 0.001). Nurses graduated after the 2015 strategies (between 2016 and 2018) had the highest competence. The earlier the nurses' graduation year was the lower the nursing informatics competences.

Conclusions
Existing eHealth strategies may have urged Finnish nursing programs to add more informatics training in their curricula. Nurses' informatics competence affects the quality of health care, thus, more training should be provided especially for nurses with earlier graduation years who have not had formal nursing informatics education.

Key messages
Results highlight the importance of having eHealth strategies with educational initiatives stating the directions and objectives of education programs. Healthcare organisations should invest in providing more in-service education in nursing informatics especially for those nurses who have not had informatics included in their undergraduate studies.
The role of complementary medicine health literacy in health communication and decision-making
Authors: McIntyre E , Harnett J , Adams J , Steel A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Globally, complementary medicine (CM) product use is high-including vitamins, minerals and herbal medicines. The overuse of CM raises concerns about medicine sustainability that are critical considerations for human and planetary health. Poor CM health literacy may lead to the unnecessary use of CM. This is the first study to explore associations between CM use, CM health literacy, and concurrent use of CM with conventional health care in an Australian population with a view to identifying priority areas for intervention.

Methods
Cross-sectional online study of Australian adults (N = 2019). A 50-item survey measured demographic and health characteristics, health care and treatment use, medicine use disclosure to health care providers, and CM health literacy. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlations and Chi-square analysis were used to analyse preliminary findings.

Results
In the previous year 49.1% of participants used a CM product. A greater proportion of those who used CM products (88.7%, &lt;0.001), compared to those who did not, used a prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceutical. Lower levels of CM health literacy were associated with herbal supplement use (not vitamin/mineral supplement use) and with disclosing CM use to a medical doctor or pharmacist (p &lt; 0.01). Those who consulted with a GP, specialist or pharmacist, who self-prescribed CM, or used both CM and pharmaceutical medicines had better CM health literacy (p &lt; 0.001) than those who did not. Conversely, those who consulted a CM practitioner had lower CM health literacy than those who did not (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that people with lower CM health literacy may be unsure about using CM products, while those with better CM health literacy may have more self-efficacy for making treatment decisions. Interventions are needed to improve public CM health literacy and encourage shared decision-making to ensure safe, effective and sustainable treatment decisions.

Key messages
People with higher levels of CM health literacy appear to have greater self-efficacy for making treatment decisions, while those with lower CM health literacy are more likely to seek treatment advice. Interventions are needed to ensure people using CM products are communicating with health practitioners about their treatment choices to facilitate safe, effective and sustainable treatment decisions.
Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers in Tunisia
Authors: Kacem M , Abroug H , Bennasrallah C , Ben Fredj M , Zemni I , Dhouib W , Bannour R , Sriha A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Occupational exposures to blood and body fluid are among the most frequent occupational accidents in healthcare. They put healthcare workers (HCWs) at high risk of transmission of many blood borne pathogens mainly hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus HCV and HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids and its associated factors among HCWs at the university hospital of Monastir (Tunisia) in 2017.

Methods
An exhaustive cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 June 2017 to 31 August 2017 at the university hospital in Monastir Governorate (Tunisia). An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, self-reported exposures and their circumstances. We performed a multivariate analysis to determine the associated factors to these occupational exposures.

Results
A total of 1493 HCWs (34.6% nurses 22% technicians and 21.6% doctors) were included corresponding to a response rate of 74%. The median age of the participants was of 36 years (IQR: 31- 46 years). The sex ratio was of 0.36. Responders from medical and surgical departments represented respectively 40.5% and 39%. Among interviewed HCWs, 56.7% reported having at least one exposure to blood or body fluid with 35.4% of them exposed twice or more. Almost half (48.3%) of the respondents had a history of needle stick injury and 32.1% had a history of blood or body fluid splash into the face.The multivariate analysis showed that doctors had the highest risk of exposure comparing to other HCWs with (AOR = 12.425; 95% CI: 05.310 - 29.075) and participants working at surgical departments were at higher risk of exposure than those at others departments (AOR=7.440; 95% CI: 4.461 - 12.408).

Conclusions
Health occupational exposures to blood and body fluids are a serious problem at the university hospital of Monastir. Preventive measures should be strengthened to alleviate this problem.

Key messages
Doctors had the highest risk of exposure to blood and body fluids comparing to other HCWs at the university hospital of Monastir. Preventive measures should be strengthened to alleviate this problem.
Epidemiological profile of diseases caused by aedes aegypti in sanitary districts of São Luis, Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos ECR , Cohren S C , Costa R G R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, the diseases caused by the Aedes aegypti have been responsible for a high number of mortality cases worldwide, making it a serious public health problem. This article describes the diseases prevalence caused by Aedes Aegypti: Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, in the Sanitary Districts of city of São Luis - in the state of Maranhão in Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. This study is based on data analysis recorded by the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN). From 2007 to 2017, 25,124 dengue cases were reported in the city of São Luís, there was an increase in prevalence in 2011 with 5,378 cases, about 53% of recorded cases in the State of Maranhão, probably due to the presence of new circulating serotypes: DENV-1; DENV-2 AND DENV-4, with 14 deaths. Female gender predominated among registered cases, and the age group with the highest number of reported cases was 20 to 39 years. In 2015 started the first reports of the Zika virus and chikungunya, both with epidemiological peak in 2016. São Luis has 229 urban neighborhoods and 165 rural neighborhoods distributed in seven health districts. The Bequimão Sanitary District in the urban area of city of São Luis consists of 64 neighborhoods, has recorded a higher number of dengue cases, 6,239 cases. From 2015 to 2017, it reported 864 cases of Zika virus and 407 cases of chikungunya. It is concluded that the prevalence of diseases, caused by Aedes aegypti, shows endemic variation, in the three arboviruses, related to population density and local sanitary conditions, characteristics which are present in the Sanitary District of Bequimão where it's registered a lack of sanitary infrastructure and intermittent water supply, the study notes the need to adopt control strategies of sanitary officers, and agencies and awareness of the population.

Key messages
The research produced knowledge about the impact of urbanization on the epidemiology of dengue, zika and chikungunya, enabling knowledge of the sanitation conditions of the studied city. The knowledge produced by the research substantiates strategies and actions to combat the vector by the health authorities and conscious action of the population.
Social determinants of health among urban homeless in Delhi, India
Authors: Nambiar D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Housing is a critical determinant of health that operates synergistically with other social determinants of health (SDH), like food and nutrition. The urban homeless count among the most neglected and marginalized groups; they live and work in conditions that make them prone to disease. We conducted a study to understand the role and interplay of various SDH among the urban homeless in India.

Methods
A qualitative study was undertaken to understand the social determinants of health among homeless people in Delhi, India. Organizations working with the population were initially consulted. Criterion sampling was used to draw a convenience sample of participants for 24 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions. Field observations were also done. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach using Atlas.TI 8 software.

Results
The homeless lived in proximity in shelters making them susceptible to infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, or on the roadside making them prone to road-traffic accidents owing to intake of drugs and alcohol. Injuries caused by violence were common and homeless people lined up each morning for first aid services. Single homeless women were vulnerable to being stalked and raped. At a homeless recovery shelter, where a large number of homeless people had Tuberculosis or HIV, poor nutrition was reported as a leading factor that lowered immunity and affected chances of recovery. Lack of coordination between the different departments of the government for taking effective measures for ensuring better health of the urban poor was also reported.

Conclusions
The conditions of living clearly affected the lives of homeless people. The settings - the quality of housing and social environment in addition to the ineffective role of the state played a prominent role in impacting the health of the urban poor. There clearly is a need for policy measures that can address factors that shape the health of poor people.

Key messages
Homelessness is a crucial determinant of health: it severely affects the health and well-being of homeless people. The lack of a political will to address SDH is a leading challenge.
Cytogenetic effects among workers exposed to formaldehyde. The possible role of some polymorphisms
Authors: Ghelli F , Bellisario V , Buglisi M , Cocchi E , Bono R , Santovito A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Formaldehyde (FA) is a human carcinogen. It is commonly used in diluted form as formalin. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) as a consequence of the exposure to FA in a hospital setting, taking into account the role of some polymorphisms in developing genotoxic damage.

Methods
CAs and SCEs assays were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 57 pathologists enrolled in Turin hospitals (Italy) and 48 unexposed enrolled as controls. All subjects were genotyped for CYP1A1 exon 7 (A&gt;G), CYP1A1*2A (T&gt;C), CYP2C19*2 (G&gt;A), GSTT1 (Positive/Null), GSTM1 (Positive/null), GSTP1 (A&gt;G), XRCC1 (G399A), XRCC1 (C194T), XRCC1 (A280G), XPD (A751C), XPC exon 15 (A939C), XPC exon 9 (C499T), TNFα -308 (G&gt;A), IL10 -1082 (G&gt;A), IL10 -819 (C&gt;T) and IL6 -174 (G&gt;C) gene polymorphisms. Due to the little number of recessive homozygotes, we compared the dominant genotype with the combined group of heterozygotes and recessive homozygotes.

Results
Among pathologists, the mean value of personal air-FA was 64.2 µg/m3, mean significantly higher (p = 0.000) than controls (19.1 µg/m3). Similarly, pathologists showed significantly higher values of SCEs (p = 0.009) and CAs (p = 0.000) with respect to controls. In the same group, CYP2C19*2 (p = 0.011), XRCC1 (G399A) (p = 0.007), and IL10 (-1082) (p = 0.042) gene polymorphisms influenced the CAS levels, as well as those of CYP1A1 exon 7 (p = 0.010), XPD A751C (p = 0.002), XPC C499T (p = 0.040), and IL10 (-819) (p = 0.005) the levels of SCEs. In control group, CAs resulted significantly lower in CYP1A1 exon 7 dominant homozygotes (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study confirms the role of FA as an inductor of genotoxicity, even when, daily, workers are exposed to low FA levels. Some genetic polymorphisms seem to have an influence in modulating the effect of FA exposure, highlighting, in occupational health studies, the role of the individual susceptibility.

Key messages
FA exposure is confirmed to be a genotoxicity inductor even at low concentrations. Some genetic polymorphisms seem to have a role in the modulation of FA exposure-related damage.