bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monument trees in the Kampinos national Park (central Poland): A review
Authors: Szczepkowski Andrzej , Tyburski Łukasz , Sułkowska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the history of the protection of trees with special values, the current state of monument trees and the preliminary description of trees meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments in the Kampinos National Park (KNP). The study was conducted in the years 2017–2019. In the KNP, there are 69 living trees with a status of natural monuments. Most of them are oaks – 56 specimens, Scots pine – 6 specimens, small-leaved lime – 5 specimens and European hornbeam and European ash – 1 specimen each. Among all, 27 trees grow individually and the other 42 grow in 7 groups. About 200 trees were recognised as meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments. The thickest size tree in the KNP is the black poplar with a circumference of 805 cm, growing in the enclave of Ruska Kępa, and the thickest monument tree in the KNP area is Dąb Kobędzy (Kobendza Oak) with a circumference of 582 cm. Almost a half of the living monument trees (34 specimens) are situated in Kampinos Forest District. In Kromnów, there are 20, and in Laski Forest District 15 specimens of monument trees are mapped. Living monument trees were found in 15 (out of 17) forest subdistricts. The highest number of monument trees was found in Rózin Forest Subdistrict (16) and in Wilków Forest Subdistrict (10). The lowest number – one specimen per forest subdistrict – was found in six forest subdistricts (Dąbrówka, Grabina, Janówek, Krzywa Góra, Rybitew and Zamczysko). In total, there are around 300 specimens of natural monuments and trees meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments, which means that there is one tree of this category for each 125 ha surface of the KNP.
Growth traits of natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in south-eastern Poland
Authors: Masternak Katarzyna , Głębocka Katarzyna , Surowaniec Krystian , Kowalczyk Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, particular attention has been paid to enhancing the meaning of natural regeneration, which is a part of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development and is one of the pillars of the natural direction of forest silviculture. Since the middle of the last century, the contribution of natural regeneration in Poland has been steadily increasing.
The paper presents the analysis of density and variability of growth traits of natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in south-eastern Poland. The study involved four compartments, which were prepared with the use of tiller and plough (active and double mouldboard). Density of seedlings, their height and root collar diameter, were measured.
Density and growth characteristics of seedlings were higher at the tiller area and furrow compared with nonscarified soil and ridge. The highest cover with herbaceous plant was reported in ridges and non-scarified soil, but in most of the analysed compartments, it had no effect on the density of seedlings. It was found that different methods for soil preparation create different conditions for germination of seeds, which is reflected in the number of seedlings and its growth traits.
Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid treatments on the quality and shelf life of the ‘Cresthaven’ peach cultivar
Authors: Erogul Deniz , Özsoydan İsmail 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A good peach fruit should have properties of high quality, as these properties directly affect the shelf life. This study aims to determine the effects of different salicylic acid (SA) treatments in the pre-harvest period on the ‘Cresthaven’ peach cultivar on the fruit quality at harvest and after storage at 2°C (8 days) plus shelf life at 20°C (2 days). Fruits with SA treatments have better characteristics such as fruit weight, fruit flesh firmness, total antioxidant content, total phenol content and titratable acidity level at harvest and after storage plus shelf life. With treatments, no changes were observed in the total soluble solids both at harvest and after storage plus shelf life. SA treatments decreased loss of fruit flesh firmness and loss of acidity after shelf life, compared with the control. In fruits with 2 mM SA acid treatment, the reduction in fruit firmness and acidity loss were the least, and as a result of the study it was determined as the most effective pre-harvest SA concentration that could be used in the ‘Cresthaven’ peach variety.
The effect of planting, seeding and soil preparation on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on drained peatlands – 10-year results
Authors: Hytönen Jyrki , Hökkä Hannu , Saarinen Markku 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We studied the effect of regeneration (planting/seeding) and soil preparation methods (no soil preparation/scalping/mounding) on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three drained peatland Scots pine stands in northern Finland. After ten years, planting and sowing showed no differences in the total number of Scots pine seedlings (one seedling per sowing spot accepted) with the exception of the Sievi experiment. Without soil preparation the total number of Scots pine seedlings was 350–600 per ha. Scalping increased the number of Scots pine seedlings to 550–900 per ha, with the exception of seeding at Sievi. In mounded plots, with the exception of seeded plots at the Sievi site, the number of planted or seeded seedlings was 1,325–2,350 per ha. The number of crop seedlings in all the experiments and for all the soil preparation treatments reached the target of 2,000 seedlings per ha if naturally regenerated Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) or birch (Betula spp.) seedlings were accepted as such. Moose (Alces alces L.) damage in Scots pine crop seedlings ranged from 4% in Sievi to 65% in Simo. The proportion of planted or seeded Scots pines of the crop seedlings was 23% in unprepared plots, 30% in scalped plots and 75% in mounded plots. Mounding increased the share of Scots pine seedlings in the overall crop seedlings. Planted seedlings were taller than seeded seedlings. Planting in mounds gave the best overall results in terms of the number of crop seedlings and their height ten years after the treatment.
Mean height or dominant height – what to prefer for modelling the site index of Estonian forests?
Authors: Tarmu Toomas , Laarmann Diana , Kiviste Andres 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The availability of a large amount of data from reliable sources is important for forest growth modelling. A permanent plot where trees are repeatedly measured provides a clearer picture of stand alterations. Various factors, including forest management, affect forest growth and accuracy of its assessment. In Estonia, mean height as a regression height prediction at mean square diameter is commonly used in forest management practice. Alternatively, dominant height can be used. The main advantage of using dominant height instead of mean height is that the growth of dominant trees is not so strongly affected by stand density (thinning). The aim of our research was to investigate the difference between mean height and dominant height when used as stand height. The research was based on the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots (ENFRP). As a result, we found that the average mean height change was significantly greater in the case of thinning when compared to undisturbed stand development, whereas, the average dominant height change in the case of thinning compared to undisturbed development was less significant. As a side result, we developed a regression model that can be used for calculating the dominant height of the main tree species using stand attributes (mean height, quadratic mean diameter and density) with a residual standard deviation of 0.466 m.
Towards 6G wireless networks-challenges and potential technologies
Authors: Ahmed Rezwana , Matin Mohammad Abdul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As 5G technology is advancing towards its final phase of development and the deployment of 5G networks is underway, academic, development and industrial communities are already moving towards the research and development of 6G wireless networks. While 5G technologies had been hauled as an enabler for Internet of Everything, many limitations of such cellular systems are coming to light as they are being deployed. These drawbacks of 5G networks have motivated worldwide interest on developing the next generation wireless system, 6G, with the capability to fully incorporate wide-ranging applications from virtual reality to autonomous systems. In this paper, an overview of the first five generations of wireless systems has been shown, followed by a survey on 6G wireless network along with a discussion on the possible requirements and challenges of 6G.
Sex, sleep, steroids, and lifestyle: Unraveling the coronavirus disease 2019 conundrum
Authors: Sehgal Vishal , Kalra Amit , Singh Surender , Ulmer Brian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc and distressed economies worldwide. Countries have gone on lockdown of their economies to prevent the spread of the disease. This obviously led to collateral damage in the form of worsening healthcare for non-COVID-related conditions and is playing havoc with the world economy. Herein, we suggest novel strategies to prevent COVID-19 related complications, keeping in view the pathophysiology of the disease.
Barefoot running: Between fashion and real way to prevent joint osteo lesions?
Authors: Carpentier Manon , Perpiñá Martínez Sara , De Man Alain , Pierrakos Charalampos , Isenborgh Stefaan , De Bels David , Honore Patrick M. , Salem Walid , Redant Sebastien 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
Running has gone from a vital necessity for the man to a playful sport. Different rheumatic and orthopedic pathologies have appeared, in front of which the shoe industry has reacted by creating reinforced shoes that are supposed to overcome the induced lesions. Several years later, the trend toward reinforcement has gone toward minimalism, which is the absence of reinforcement, that is, a more natural race.

Method
We observed variations of kinetics and kinematics in young, unprofessional, healthy runners during a shoe race and a shoeless race, which is the form of maximum minimalism. We then correlated minimalism variations with the variables of the race and the joint angles.

Results
We observed significant difference (P < 0.01) in the cycle rate, the cycle length, the step rate, and the angle of attack between running with and without shoes. A small variation of the minimalism index is associated with an increase in knee angle (r
2> 0.5). Conversely, a large variation in the minimalism index is related to a decrease in the knee angle (r
2> 0.5). The minimalism index has no impact on the angulation of the ankle and hip (r
2< 0.3).

Conclusion
Slow transition will bring gains in terms of decreasing the length of the stride, which limits the load on the shin. Greater flexibility can be achieved by decreasing the flexion angle of the knee, which decreases the demand for quadriceps muscles and the risk of knee injury with a greater risk of injury at the tibial level.
Estimation of Electromagnetic Compatibility Between DVB-T/DVB-T2 and 4G/5G in the 700 MHz Band for Co-Channel Case
Authors: Ancans G. , Stankevicius E. , Bobrovs V. , Ivanovs G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The 694–790 MHz band (700 MHz) known also as the second digital dividend was allocated to the mobile radiocommunication service on a primary basis in Region 1 and identified to International Mobile Telecommunications by the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 (WRC-12). The designation of mobile service in Europe and other countries of Region 1 in 700 MHz band was obtained after the World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15). Administrations of Region 1 will be able to plan and use these frequencies for mobile networks, including IMT. The goal of this study is to estimate the electromagnetic compatibility of Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T/DVB-T2) and LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology operating both in 700 MHz band. The study assumes frequency division duplex (FDD) channel arrangement of 703–733 MHz (for uplink) and of 758–788 MHz (for downlink).
The model contains two parts: a DVB-T/DVB-T2 system and LTE mobile broadband network. Co-channel scenario is considered in this paper, and possible impact of DVB-T/DVB-T2 on LTE base stations (receivers) is also investigated. The Monte Carlo simulations within SEAMCAT software and the Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method are used for interference investigation. The coordination trigger field strength value predetermined by GE06 Agreement is also used in this study. The Monte Carlo method presents more relaxed electromagnetic compatibility scenario in comparison with the MCL method. For SEAMCAT simulations, ITU-R P.1546-5 radio propagation model is used.
The obtained results present the required minimum separation distance between DVB-T/DVB-T2 and LTE networks in the 694–790 MHz in order to provide the necessary performance of LTE mobile network.
Groups on Facebook as a Marketing Tool
Authors: Lupa-Wójcik Iwona 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the article was to determine the use of Facebook groups as a marketing tool. The author conducted the research using a survey. To distribute the questionnaire author used a Facebook ad tool targeted at Polish women, who are planning a wedding or are shortly after it. Based on the example of the wedding industry, it was found that the content on these types of groups has large reach and generate high involvement of their participants. Members of Facebook wedding groups often take into account the recommendations they find on these groups when making wedding-related purchasing decisions. Companies often take advantage of this by using word of mouth marketing or direct sales (promotion). They can also create their own Facebook groups gathering the community around interests related to their activities. There is currently insufficient research on the possibilities of using Facebook groups as marketing tools. The article indicates various ways of using them to achieve marketing goals.
Experimental Analysis on Surface Roughness in Turning Hybrid Metal Matrix (6061Al+SiC+Gr) Composites
Authors: Kathirvel M. , Palani Kumar K. , Diaz P. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Owing to the distinguished properties Metal Matrix Graphite Hybrid Composites (Al/SiC-MMC-Gr) are used in various applications. This paper deals with the utility of Taguchi and response surface methodologies for the prediction of surface roughness in tuning of these materials with PCD tool. The cutting parameters effect on surface quality is analyzed and an empirical model with respect to turning parameters is established using response surface method. The most important parameter that influences the turning Al/SiC-MMC-Gr is feed. The measured and predicted results are approximately equal, which proves that, model is to be used for predicting surface finish in turning of these composites. Validation experiments have been used to confirm the predicted results.
STEM on Demand – Can Current State of Higher Education Infrastructure Meet Expectations?
Authors: Jahic Hatidza , Pilav-Velic Amila 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges facing the education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is bridging the gap between the current state of higher education and the demand for research, innovation and a robust STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) curriculum. Higher education instiutions (HEIs) face poor R&D infrastructure while companies struggle with limited resources and the lack of internal researchers, all of which affect their capabilities to utilize university knowledge and research that will lead to further collaborations and innovations in STEM. Universities are primarily seen as a source of future employees as well as as a source of knowledge and innovation. This study aims to provide an overview and systematic analysis of the current state of scientific and research infrastructure and human resources in public and private universities located in the Sarajevo Canton region. This is done by using primary data collected through semi-structured interviews and a self-reporting comprehensive questionnaire in order to identify areas where further reforms and investments are needed. An analysis of the secondary data sources, such as current strategic documents and the existing assessments of education, was conducted. Consequently, this study offers several practical implications, including policy recommendations in areas such as higher education, research infrastructure and academic excellence, cooperation with the private sector, and IT infrastructure improvements.
The need for updating nurses’ knowledge and skills in the field of recommendations for diabetes care
Authors: Szewczyk Alicja , Kobos Ewa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the need for updating nurses’ knowledge and skills in the field of diabetes care recommendations.

Material and methods. The study included 580 nurses who were master’s degree students. A knowledge test including 20 questions on 10 procedures mentioned in the recommendations was used to collect research data. A total of 93.3% of students in the study group were professionally active.

Results. A total of 11.9% of respondents had access to diabetes care recommendations. The largest knowledge deficits were found for: leaving an ‘old’ cannula for continuous insulin infusion using an insulin pump for 2-3 hours in place to allow for absorption of the accumulated insulin after inserting a new one; the time it takes to calibrate a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system by measuring capillary blood glucose after insertion of a CGM electrode; and indications for alternate site testing. Poor, fair, and good level of knowledge on recommendations was found in 12.8%, 84.3%, and 2.9% of respondents, respectively.

Conclusions. 1) The level of knowledge of studying nurses on diabetic care recommendations is unsatisfactory. 2) Specialised nurses, as well as those participating in in-house training courses on diabetes and those declaring the accessibility of recommendations at workplace show a higher level of knowledge. 3) In the light of the development of new medical technologies, periodic workshops focusing on practical skills should be organised for nurses in their workplace, enabling the use of equipment for insulin administration and glucose monitoring.
The scope of ICNP® implementation in the process of educating nursing students at the universities in the Pomeranian Voivodeship
Authors: Warska Małgorzata , Grabowska Hanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aim. Identifying the scope of implementation of the ICNP® dictionary in the process of educating nursing students at the universities of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Material and methods. The research was carried out at the turn of 2018 and 2019 among 110 first- and second-cycle students of nursing at three Pomeranian universities. The diagnostic survey method and the survey technique were used. The tool was an original on-line questionnaire. The statistical analysis used IBM SPSS 23 statistical package; p ≤ 0.05 was adopted as the materiality level.

Results. During the first-cycle studies, the students the most often used the ICNP® Classification (n=103; 93.6%). More than a half of them also used the classification of NANDA (n=58; 52.7%). ICNP® is the most often used on the basics of nursing (n=105; 95.5%). Regarding the second-cycle studies, students mainly applied the ICNP® (n=49; 44.5%) and NANDA (n=23; 20.9%) classifications, however, 13.6% (n=15) of the respondents did not use any nursing dictionary during the classes. Students also used ICNP® reference terminology in self-study papers (n=52; 47.3%) and diploma theses (n=20; 18.2%).

Conclusions. The most frequently used classification in the first- and second-cycle studies at the universities of the Pomeranian Voivodeship is the ICNP® dictionary.
Late Onset of Pancreatic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Case Report
Authors: Janevska Vesna , Shumkovski Aleksandar , Nikolova Dafina , Asani Learta , Pandilov Stefan , Karanfilovski Vlatko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the pancreas is a rare entity accounting only 0.25–3% of all pancreatic tumors. We present a rare case of isolated three focal pancreatic metastases from RCC, occurring 15 years after the left nephrectomy. The majority of the pancreatic metastases are asymptomatic, as it was in case of our patient excluding the weight loss for the last three months. We demonstrate the importance of the medical history, radiological examinations, histological and immunohistochemical analysis in making a definitive diagnosis.
Assessing the Relationship of LST, NDVI and EVI with Land Cover Changes in the Lagos Lagoon Environment
Authors: Alademomi Alfred S. , Okolie Chukwuma J. , Daramola Olagoke E. , Agboola Raphael O. , Salami Tosin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Lagos Lagoon is under increased pressure from growth in human population, growing demands for natural resources, human activities, and socioeconomic factors. The degree of these activities and the impacts are directly proportional to urban expansion and growth. In the light of this situation, the objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate through satellite imagery analysis the extent of changes in the Lagos Lagoon environment for the periods 1984, 2002, 2013 and 2019 using Landsat-derived data on land cover, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI); and (ii) to evaluate the relationship between the derived data and determine their relative influence on the lagoon environment. The derived data were subjected to descriptive statistics, and relationships were explored using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. The effect of land cover on LST was measured using the Contribution Index and a trend analysis was carried out. From the results, the mean LSTs for the four years were 22.68°C (1984), 24.34°C (2002), 26.46°C (2013) and 28.40°C (2019). Generally, the mean LSTs is in opposite trend with the mean NDVIs and EVIs as associated with their dominant land cover type. The strongest positive correlations were observed between NDVI and EVI while NDVI had the closest fit with LST in the regression. Built-up areas have the highest contributions to LST while vegetation had a cooling influence. The depletion in vegetative cover has compromised the biodiversity of this environment and efforts are required to reverse this trend.
Network Analysis as a Powerful Approach to Analyse the Operational Environment
Authors: Hristov Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In times of information flooding us from everywhere and in an environment of increasingly complex and difficult to understand systems that our forces face in the operational environment, there is a need for alternative approaches to analyzing the environment and its participants. This approach meets key requirements and provides new and in-depth knowledge of systems. Network analysis is an approach based on graph theory that is applicable to the analysis of any system or process with a network structure. The network analysis toolkit is suitable for highlighting “important” players or elements in complex networks invisible at first glance, according to various criteria set in the term “important”.