bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of muntjac deer genome and chromatin architecture reveals rapid karyotype evolution
Authors: Mudd Austin B. , Bredeson Jessen V. , Baum Rachel , Hockemeyer Dirk , Rokhsar Daniel S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClosely related muntjac deer show striking karyotype differences. Here we describe chromosome-scale genome assemblies for Chinese and Indian muntjacs,Muntiacus reevesi(2n = 46) andMuntiacus muntjak vaginalis(2n = 6/7), and analyze their evolution and architecture. The genomes show extensive collinearity with each other and with other deer and cattle. We identified numerous fusion events unique to and shared by muntjacs relative to the cervid ancestor, confirming many cytogenetic observations with genome sequence. One of theseM. muntjakfusions reversed an earlier fission in the cervid lineage. Comparative Hi-C analysis showed that the chromosome fusions on theM. muntjaklineage altered long-range, three-dimensional chromosome organization relative toM. reevesiin interphase nuclei including A/B compartment structure. This reshaping of multi-megabase contacts occurred without notable change in local chromatin compaction, even near fusion sites. A few genes involved in chromosome maintenance show evidence for rapid evolution, possibly associated with the dramatic changes in karyotype.
Future availability of non-renewable metal resources and the influence of environmental, social, and governance conflicts on metal production
Authors: Jowitt Simon M. , Mudd Gavin M. , Thompson John F. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal mining provides the elements required for the provision of energy, communication, transport and more. The increasing uptake of green technology, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy, will also further increase metal demand. However, the production lifespan of an average mine is far shorter than the timescales of mineral deposit formation, suggesting that metal mining is unsustainable on human timescales. In addition, some research suggests that known primary metal supplies will be exhausted within about 50 years. Here we present an analysis of global metal reserves that suggests that primary metal supplies will not run out on this timescale. Instead, we find that global reserves for most metals have not significantly decreased relative to production over time. This is the result of the replenishment of exhausted reserves by the further delineation of known orebodies as mineral exploration progresses. We suggest that environmental, social, and governance factors are likely to be the main source of risk in metal and mineral supply over the coming decades, more so than direct reserve depletion. This could potentially lead to increases in resource conflict and decreases in the conversion of resources to reserves and production.
Ultrasound Curricula of Student Education in Europe: Summary of the
Experience
Authors: Prosch Helmut , Radzina Maija , Dietrich Christoph F. , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Baumann Sven , Ewertsen Caroline , Jenssen Christian , Kabaalioğlu Adnan , Kosiak Wojciech , Kratzer Wolfgang , Lim Adrian , Popescu Alina , Mitkov Vladimir , Schiavone Cosima , Wohlin Martin , Wüstner Matthias , Cantisani Vito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Despite the increasing role of ultrasound, structured
ultrasound teaching is only slowly being integrated into the curricula of
medical schools and universities all over Europe.
Aim To survey the current situation at European universities regarding
the integration of ultrasound in student medical education and to report on
models of student ultrasound training from selected European universities.
Methods A questionnaire survey focusing on the implementation of
curricular ultrasound education was sent out to the 28 presidents of the
national ultrasound societies of the European Federation of Societies for
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), who were asked to distribute the
questionnaires to the medical universities of their countries.
Results Overall, 53 questionnaires were returned from 46 universities in
17 European countries. In most of the universities (40/46 universities,
87%), the theoretical background of ultrasound is taught. However, in
only a minority of universities is ultrasound integrated in anatomy courses
(8/46 universities, 17%) or basic science courses (16/46
universities, 35%). Practical skills in ultrasound are taught in
56% of the universities (26/46 universities) and tested in a
practical exam in seven of the responding universities (15%). The number
of hours in which ultrasound was taught ranged from one to 58 (mean, seven). The
respondents reported that lack of time and limited faculty funding were major
hurdles.
Conclusion According to our survey, only a minority of European
universities has integrated ultrasound into the preclinical curriculum thus far.
Future EFSUMB initiatives will continue to promote the introduction of
ultrasound as an integrative part of the core curriculum of student medical
education, and the preparation of proper teaching material.
A Case Report of Bulky Venous Malformation in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Sato Yuki , Hamamoto Takao , Ishino Takashi , Ueda Tsutomu , Takumida Masay , Takeno Sachio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVenous malformations commonly occur in the head and neck regions, in the mucous membrane of the nasal and oral cavities. Venous malformations are found in the extremities in 40% of cases, in the trunk in 20% of cases, and in the cervicofacial area in 40% of cases. However, they are rarely encountered in the parapharyngeal space. We report our experience of surgical treatment of a patient with this rare tumor. The patient was a 21-year-old man who presented with a left mandibular swelling and was admitted to a nearby hospital. He was referred to our hospital for examination and treatment. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a bulky tumor with some calcification in the parapharyngeal space; on contrast-enhanced CT, the tumor showed some enhanced effects in the arterial and venous phases. Additional enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the lesion as low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and as high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced MRI showed some enhanced effects of the lesion. Based on these findings, we suspected venous malformation and performed surgical excision. Histopathology confirmed the venous malformation, and the lesion was diagnosed as a cavernous angioma. Vascular malformations in the head and neck regions should be precisely diagnosed so that appropriate multimodality treatment can be undertaken.
Utility of KRAS Gene and Clinicopathological Features in the Assessment of the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Etiology of Colon Cancer
Authors: Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed , Al-Olayan Ebtesam , Albani Fatimah Gh. , Suliman Rania Saad , Aljarba Nada Hamad , Al-Humaidhi E.M. , Almurshedi Alanood S. , Domiaty Dalia Mostafa , Alduwish Manal Abdullah , Al-Otaibi Aljohara M. , Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim , Almutlaq Bassam Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Cancer and diabetes have a tremendous impact on health globally. This study aimed to evaluate the KRAS gene in colon cancer tissues obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Materials and Methods Data from 315 cases (156 colon diabetics and 159 patients were nondiabetics) were retrospectively retrieved. mRNA from surgically resected colon cancer tumors were also retrieved.
Results The expression of KRAS mRNA was significantly higher in patients afflicted with T2DM than nondiabetic patients. The KRAS mRNA levels were significantly amplified from primary to metastatic lesions (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The association between T2DM and colon cancer was well-established in the present study.
A Rare Complication during Salmonella sp. Infection in a 4-Year-Old Child: Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kılıç Ahmet O. , Akın Fatih , Yazar Abdullah , Çokbiçer Abdülkerim , Doğan Metin , Energin Vesile M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective We aimed to report a rare complication of acute pancreatitis which developed during Salmonella infection.
Methods We report a 4-year-old girl with pancreatitis that occurred after salmonella gastroenteritis.
Discussion Salmonella sp. infections cause serious mortality and morbidity worldwide. Salmonella transmission is mostly fecal oral from contaminated water and foods. Acute pancreatitis expresses the acute inflammatory process of the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas associated with bacterial, viral, and fungal agents can lead to acute pancreatitis. There are limited data regarding the frequency of infections leading to pancreatitis. Here, a pediatric case with pancreatitis that occurred after salmonella gastroenteritis is reported.
Conclusion Acute pancreatitis due to S. sp. infection is very rare in children. Pancreatitis should be considered in patients with gastroenteritis with typical abdominal pain.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism following Knee Arthroscopy: Effectiveness of a Risk-Based Stratified Chemoprophylaxis Protocol
Authors: Reynolds Alan W. , Garay Mariano , Lynch Scott , Black Kevin P. , Gallo Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been reported in up to 10.9% of patients undergoing knee arthroscopy without chemoprohylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a chemoprophylaxis protocol in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. A retrospective review of prospectively enrolled patients in a new institutional VTE prophylaxis protocol identified all patients undergoing knee arthroscopy during a 5-year period. This risk-based chemoprophylaxis protocol was instituted based on the Caprini model: patients at more than minimal risk were prescribed enoxaparin 40 mg daily for 3 weeks, while all others were instructed to take aspirin 325 mg twice daily. The primary outcome measure was incidence of VTE within 60 days postoperatively. Demographic characteristics and other risk factors for VTE were also recorded, as well as any postoperative complications. Among the 1,276 knee arthroscopies, there were 26 VTE events (2.0%), including 23 with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), two pulmonary emboli (PE), and one patient with both DVT and PE. There were no deaths or complications requiring hospitalization or reoperation. The VTE diagnosis occurred at, on average, 9 days postoperatively. Patients in the high-risk group treated with enoxaparin had a lower VTE incidence (1.49%) than those instructed to take aspirin (2.0%); p = 0.75. Those undergoing an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction had the highest VTE incidence (2.87%). This study found that a chemoprophylaxis protocol with preferential use of aspirin or low–molecular weight heparin based on risk factors reduced the VTE incidence below to 2.0%, which is lower than most historical controls.
In-hospital Mortality after Septic Revision TKA: Analysis of the New York and Florida State Inpatient Databases
Authors: Samuel Linsen T. , Sultan Assem A. , Zhou Guangjin , Navale Suparna , Kamath Atul F. , Klika Alison , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Koroukian Siran M. , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate (1) in-hospital mortality rates following septic revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA); (2) compare septic rTKA mortality rates between differing knee revision volume (KRV) hospitals; and (3) identify independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality after septic rTKA (up to 2-year follow-up). The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases of New York and Florida were used to identify septic rTKA, and control groups of aseptic rTKA and primary TKA between 2007 and 2012 via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Mortality was compared between septic rTKA and aseptic rTKA/primary TKA control groups. Hospital KRV was stratified, and independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality were identified and analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses. In this study, 3,531 septic rTKA patients were identified; 105 (3%) patients suffered in-hospital mortality, compared with the control aseptic rTKA (n = 178; 1.7%; p < 0.0001) and primary TKA groups (n = 930; 0.6%; p < 0.0001). Being an octogenarian (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.361; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.514–3.683; p < 0.0002) and having a medium- or high-Elixhauser comorbidity score was associated with in-hospital mortality (AOR: 2.073; 95% CI: 1.334–3.223; p = 0.0012, and AOR: 4.127; 95% CI: 2.268–7.512, p < 0.0001). There were no significant in-hospital mortality rate differences in high- versus medium- versus low-KRV hospitals (1.9 vs. 3.6 vs. 2.9%, respectively, p = 0.0558). Age >81 years and higher comorbidity burden were found to contribute to increased risk of 2-year postoperative mortality after septic rTKA. This association could not be established for hospital KRV.
The Role of PON1 Variants in Disease Susceptibility in a Turkish Population
Authors: Abudayyak Mahmoud , Boran Tuğçe , Tukel Rumeysa , Oztas Ezgi , Özhan Gül 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParaoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme plays a major role in antioxidant defense and protects the cells against reactive species. The most common PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms are responsible for a wide variation of PON1 activity, which showed an up to 13-fold interindividual variation among the same genotype. PON1 genotypes were evaluated with the development of pancreatitis, colorectal cancer, and hypothyroidism in a hospital-based, case-control study. Individuals with rs662 G allele had a two-fold risk of developing hypothyroidism. A weak association was found between rs854560 T allele and pancreatitis. The results were preliminary. Further studies with a larger number and detailed biochemical parameters are needed.
Improved Component Placement Accuracy with Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Mahoney Ormonde , Kinsey Tracey , Sodhi Nipun , Mont Michael A. , Chen Antonia F. , Orozco Fabio , Hozack William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComponent position of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to influence prosthetic survivorships and clinical outcomes. Our objective was to compare the three-dimensional accuracy to plan of robotic-arm assisted TKA (RATKA) with conventional TKA for component position. We conducted a nonrandomized, prospective study comparing 143 RATKA with 86 conventional TKA operated at four U.S. centers between July 2016 and October 2018. Computed tomography (CT) scans obtained approximately 6 weeks postoperatively were analyzed using anatomical landmarks. Absolute deviation from surgical plans were defined as the absolute value of the difference between the CT measurements and surgeons' femoral and tibial component mechanical varus/valgus alignment, tibial component posterior slope, and femoral component internal/external rotation. Differences of absolute deviations were tested using stratified Wilcoxon's tests that controlled for study center. Patient-reported outcome measures collected through 1 postoperative year were modeled using multiple regression controlling for age, sex, body mass index, study center, and the preoperative score. RATKA demonstrated greater accuracy for tibial component alignment (median [25th, 75th percentiles] absolute deviation from plan of all centers combined for conventional vs. RA, 1.7 [0.9, 2.9] vs. 0.9 [0.4, 1.9] degrees, p < 0.001), femoral component rotation (1.5 [0.9, 2.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6, 2.5] degrees, p = 0.015), and tibial slope (2.9 [1.5, 5.0] vs. 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] degrees, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, RATKA showed significantly greater Veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR-12) physical component scores (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.4 [0.2, 4.5] points, p = 0.034) and qualitatively greater Knee Society (KS) composite functional scores (3.5 [−1.3, 8.2] points, p = 0.159), though not statistically significant. Compared with conventional instrumentation, RATKA demonstrated greater three-dimensional accuracy to plan for various component positioning parameters and clinical improvements in physical status and function with no major safety concerns during the first postoperative year. These results may be attributed to the preoperative CT scan planning, real-time intraoperative feedback, and stereotactic-guided cutting that takes into consideration patient-specific bony anatomy. These findings support the use of RATKA for enhanced arthroplasty outcomes.
From Anti-EBV Immune Responses to the EBV Diseasome via Cross-reactivity
Authors: Kanduc Darja , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSequence analyses highlight a massive peptide sharing between immunoreactive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) epitopes and human proteins that—when mutated, deficient or improperly functioning—associate with tumorigenesis, diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and immunodeficiencies, among others. Peptide commonality appears to be the molecular platform capable of linking EBV infection to the vast EBV-associated diseasome via cross-reactivity and questions the hypothesis of the “negative selection” of self-reactive lymphocytes. Of utmost importance, this study warns that using entire antigens in anti-EBV immunotherapies can associate with autoimmune manifestations and further supports the concept of peptide uniqueness for designing safe and effective anti-EBV immunotherapies.
Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Ducts: Case Reports with Review of the Literature
Authors: Lingegowda Dayananda , Gehani Anisha , Mukhopadhyay Sumit , Midha Divya , Banerjee Sudeep , Gupta Bharat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare variant of bile duct tumors, which is a counterpart of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). These tumors need to be differentiated from other common bile duct tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, as IPNB carries a better prognosis. A combination of enhancing intraluminal papillary filling defect, demonstrating washout and associated upstream and downstream biliary dilation, should raise the suspicion of IPNB.
Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider in Curved Canals
Authors: Miró Gabriela Behne , Tomazinho Flávia Sens Fagundes , Pelisser Edson , Borges Mariana Maciel Batista , Duarte Marco Antônio Hungaro , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Baratto-Filho Flares 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the volume variation and maintenance of the root canal position when using the ProGlider 16.02 (PG) and the WaveOne Gold Glider 15.02 (WOGG) file systems for glide path preparation.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four moderately curved mesiobuccal canals of maxil-lary first molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups: PG and WOGG. The selected teeth were scanned using microtomography before and after root canal preparation to assess centralization and linear transport at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apical foramen.
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test. The level of significance was 5%.
Results There were no significant differences in volume variation or root canal transport (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the centralization of the root canal at 3 mm from the foramen (p < 0.05).
Conclusions WOGG and PG instruments presented similar results regarding the root canal volume increase and transport. WOGG caused higher decentralization at 3 mm from the apical foramen.
Giant Right Atrial Myxoma with Fulminant Progression in an Infant
Authors: Azapagasi Ebru , Uysal Yazici Mutlu , Ari Mehmet Emre , Karakaya Rabia Sedef , Cınar Hasibe Gökçe , Tasar Mehmet , Gucer Safak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiac myxoma is rare in children. Myxomas are exceedingly rare in infancy. Right atrial myxomas were recorded in a small number of case reports involving infants worldwide. We report the case of a 2-month-old infant with giant right atrial myxoma. The case presented to our hospital with respiratory distress, and had pericardial and pleural effusion. Diagnosis of cardiac tumor was made with the aid of computerized tomography scan and echocardiogram. The tumor size was 3.1 × 3.4 × 3.9 cm. The patient worsened rapidly and had sudden cardiac arrest which did not respond to interventions. Postmortem cardiac autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma on gross examination and histology. This article aims to focus attention to the atypical size and location of this atrial myxoma, causing diagnostic difficulty in this infant.
Respiratory Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae Associated with Hib Vaccine in Jordanian Children
Authors: Abu Sailik Fadia M. , Badran Eman F. , Marrar Basma , Shehabi Asem A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the most virulent serotype that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of children. After introducing Hib conjugate vaccine, Hib has become almost entirely replaced by nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strains. This study investigated the incidence of NTHi, which may cause serious sporadic body infections.
Methods A total of 300 nasal and throat swab samples were obtained from children aged 6 to 60 months, who visited outpatient pediatric clinics of Jordan University Hospital and Al-Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Colonies resembling H. influenzae were tested by conventional laboratory tests including Gram staining and antibiotic susceptibility. The 16S rRNA and bexA (capsulation gene) were amplified from the extracted DNA. Swabs (n = 100) were delivered to the laboratory in transport media. After initial culture, DNA was extracted directly and tested by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing actin beta primers for assessing the housekeeping gene, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) against Hib-specific primers.
Results A total of 31/300 (10.33%) of H. influenzae isolates were recovered by culture and confirmed by PCR for 16S rRNA; 96.77% (30/31) were NTHi, and only one isolate was Hib. This isolate was confirmed by detection region II of the cap locus of Hib gene by qualitative TaqMan real-time qPCR. Antibiotic resistance among NTHi to ampicillin and erythromycin was 50.0 and 20.0%, respectively.
Conclusion The conjugated Hib vaccine almost eliminated the occurrence of Hib in the upper respiratory tract of the Jordanian children, while NTHi colonization was found in 10% of them.