bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer behaviour and environmental sustainability
Authors: Nguyen Ninh , Johnson Lester W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Consumer Behaviour aims to contribute to the knowledge of the drivers of environmentally sustainable behaviour and the characteristics of green consumers. It consists of eight papers that represent a range of topics related to consumer behaviour and environmental sustainability. The special issue has several implications. First, environmentally sustainable behaviour is influenced by multiple motives and determinants, which include internal, social, situational and demographic factors. Second, the impact of such factors tends to vary across national and consumer context. Third, integrative and comprehensive models including mediators and/or moderators could be used to better understand the mechanism through which the various factors affect pro‐environmental behaviour. Fourth, green marketing initiatives (e.g., sustainable products, green advertising) could be used to promote consumer's pro‐environmental beliefs and behaviours. Finally, interventions aimed at influencing habit and promoting environmentally sustainable behaviour should be tailored to different target groups such as those with different personality dispositions, environmental concerns and levels of engagement in environmental practices at home.
Tuning of Bistability, Thermal Stability of the Metastable States, and Application Prospects in the C3‐Symmetric Designs of Multiple Azo(hetero)arenes Systems
Authors: Gupta Debapriya , Gaur Ankit Kumar , Kumar Pravesh , Kumar Himanshu , Mahadevan Anjali , Devi Sudha , Roy Saonli , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLight‐responsive molecular systems with multiple photoswitches in C3‐symmetric designs have enormous application potential. The design part of such molecular systems is critical due to its influence in several properties associated with the photoswitches. In order to tune, and in the evaluation of the design–property relationship, we synthesized 18 tripodal systems with variations in the core, linkers, connectivity, and azo(hetero)arene photoswitches. Through extensive spectroscopic and computational studies, we envisaged the factors controlling near‐quantitative photoisomerization in both the directions (bistability) and the thermal stability of the metastable states. Furthermore, we also evaluated the impact of designs in obtaining reversible photo‐responsive sol‐gel phase transitions, solvatochromism, photo‐ and thermochromism.
Cardiac biomarkers and association with subsequent cardiomyopathy and mortality among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Dixon Stephanie B. , Howell Carrie R. , Lu Lu , Plana Juan C. , Joshi Vijaya M. , Luepker Russell V. , Durand Jean B. , Ky Bonnie , Lenihan Daniel J. , Jefferies John L. , Green Daniel M. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Folse Timothy E. , Partin Robyn E. , Santucci Aimee K. , Howell Rebecca M. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer exposed to cardiotoxic therapies are at significant cardiovascular risk. The utility of cardiac biomarkers for identifying the risk of future cardiomyopathy and mortality is unknown.MethodsN‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were assessed in 1213 adults 10 or more years from a childhood cancer diagnosis; 786 were exposed to anthracycline chemotherapy and/or chest‐directed radiation therapy (RT). NT‐proBNP values above age‐ and sex‐specific 97.5th percentiles were considered abnormal. Generalized linear models estimated cross‐sectional associations between abnormal NT‐proBNP and anthracycline or chest RT doses as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A Poisson distribution estimated rates and a Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for future cardiac events and death.ResultsAt a median age of 35.5 years (interquartile range, 29.8‐42.5 years), NT‐proBNP and cTnT were abnormal in 22.5% and 0.4%, respectively. Exposure to chest RT and exposure to anthracycline chemotherapy were each associated with a dose‐dependent increased risk for abnormal NT‐proBNP (P for trend <.0001). Among exposed survivors with no history of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events–graded cardiomyopathy and with normal systolic function, survivors with abnormal NT‐proBNP had higher rates per 1000 person‐years of cardiac mortality (2.93 vs 0.96; P < .0001) and future cardiomyopathy (32.10 vs 15.98; P < .0001) and an increased risk of future cardiomyopathy (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.28‐4.08) according to a multivariable assessment.ConclusionsAbnormal NT‐proBNP values were prevalent and, among survivors who were exposed to cardiotoxic therapy but did not have a history of cardiomyopathy or current systolic dysfunction, identified those at increased risk for future cardiomyopathy. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this novel finding.
Formation of Shocks for2DIsentropic Compressible Euler
Authors: Buckmaster Tristan , Shkoller Steve , Vicol Vlad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the 2D isentropic compressible Euler equations, with pressure lawp(ρ) = (1γ)ργ, withγ > 1. We provide an elementary constructive proof of shock formation from smooth initial data of finite energy, with no vacuum regions, and with nontrivial vorticity. We prove that for initial data which has minimum slope −1ε, forε > 0 taken sufficiently small relative to theamplitude, there exist smooth solutions to the Euler equations which form a shock in time. The blowup time and location can be explicitly computed and solutions at the blowup time are of cusp‐type, with HölderC13regularity.Our objective is the construction of solutions with inherentvorticity at the shock. As such, rather than perturbing from an irrotational regime, we instead construct solutions with dynamics dominated by purely azimuthal wave motion. We consider homogenous solutions to the Euler equations and use Riemann‐type variables to obtain a system of forced transport equations. Using a transformation to modulated self‐similar variables and pointwise estimates for the ensuing system of transport equations, we show the global stability, in self‐similar time, of a smooth blowup profile. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A review of drag reduction by additives in curved pipes for single‐phase liquid and two‐phase flows
Authors: Ayegba Paul O. , Edomwonyi‐Otu Lawrence C. , Yusuf Nurudeen , Abubakar Abdulkareem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of drag‐reducing agents (DRAs) on fluid flows in straight pipes has been well documented. Key among these is the effect of DRAs on turbulence statistics (Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensity, streamwise and wall‐normal velocity fluctuation among others). These primary effects result in secondary effects such as modification of mean velocity profile and reduction in frictional losses (drag reduction, DR). Interestingly, in curved pipe flows, the characteristic of flow is more complex due to secondary flow, wake effects and under‐developed flow characteristics. Therefore, a review of investigations on the effect of DRAs in curved pipe flows is presented in this paper. The paper highlights the difference between DR in straight and curved conduits as well as the interaction between DRAs and flow characteristics of curved pipe flows. Proposed mechanisms of DR, and factors that influence their effectiveness also received attention. It was shown that significant DR can be achieved in curved pipes. A review of various experimental results revealed that DR by additives in curved pipes is generally lower than in straight pipes but with certain similarities. It decreases with increase in curvature ratio and is more pronounced in the transition and turbulent flow regimes. Maximum DR asymptote differed between straight and curved pipes and between polymer and surfactant. Due to the limited studies in the area of DR for gas‐liquid flow in curved pipes, no definite conclusion could be drawn on the effect of DRAs on such flows. A number of questions remain such as physical interaction between molecules of DRA and flow features such as secondary flow streamlines and wakes. Hence, some research gaps have been identified with recommendations for areas of future researches.
Adding n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol to improve vaporization, combustion, and emission characteristics of diesel/used frying oil biodiesel blends in DICI engine
Authors: Nour Mohamed , Elseesy Ahmed I , Attia Ali , Li Xuesong , Nada Sameh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiesel engines play a vital role in the transportation sector. Ternary blends of alcohol, biodiesel, and diesel have the potential to improve diesel engine combustion and emissions. In the current work, three different types of alcohols; n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol were added to biodiesel/diesel blends to improve diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. The biodiesel was produced from used frying oil (UFO) by ultrasonic enhanced transesterification to achieve the highest yield, lowest viscosity, and minimum production time. Three ternary fuels containing 10 vol% (n‐butanol or n‐heptanol or n‐octanol), 10 vol% UFO biodiesel, and 80 vol% diesel were tested using diesel engine at 25%, 50%, and 75% load conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the ternary blends proved the enhancement in the vaporization characteristics compared with biodiesel and diesel fuels; the lighter the alcohol, the faster the vaporization rate but with longer ignition delay which enhanced the premixed burning mode. The specific fuel consumption increased by up to 6% with a slight reduction in thermal efficiency (≈1%) when n‐octanol was used while n‐butanol and n‐heptanol showed comparable values to neat diesel. Ternary blends showed a reduction in smoke opacity, NOx, CO, and CO2 by up to 38%, 11%, 35%, and 14% compared with diesel, while the lowest emissions were attained for the addition of n‐heptanol.
Herbivory and pollination impact on the evolution of herbivore-induced plasticity in defense and floral traits
Authors: Ramos Sergio E. , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that herbivory should primarily determine the evolution of herbivore-induced plasticity in plant defenses, but little is known about the influence of other interactions such as pollination. Pollinators may exert negative selection on the herbivore-induced plasticity of chemical defenses when floral signals and rewards are indirectly affected, provoking deterrent effects on these mutualists. We investigated the influence of constant herbivory and pollination on the evolved patterns and degree of herbivore-induced plasticity in chemical plant defenses and floral morphometry and volatiles in fast-cycling Brassica rapa plants. To do this, we used plants from an evolution experiment that had evolved under bee/hand pollination and herbivory manipulated in a 2 × 2 factorial design during six generations, producing four selection treatments. We grew sibling plant pairs from each of the four selection treatments of the last generation and infested one group with herbivores and left the other uninfested. Herbivore-induced plasticity was analyzed within- and between-selection treatments. We found support for the hypothesis that constant herbivory favors the evolution of higher constitutive yet lower herbivore-induced plasticity in defenses. However, this only occurred in plants that evolved under hand pollination and constant herbivory. Bee pollination had a strong influence on the evolution of herbivore-induced plasticity of all traits studied. Plants that evolved under bee pollination, with and without constant herbivory, showed remarkably similar patterns of herbivore-induced plasticity in their defense- and floral traits and had a higher number of plastic responses compared to plants with hand pollination. Such patterns support the hypothesis that bee pollination influenced the evolution of herbivore-induced plasticity, most likely via indirect effects, such as links between defense- and floral traits. We conclude that interactions other than herbivory, such as pollination, may impact herbivore-induced plasticity, through indirect effects and metabolic trade-offs, when it contributes to trait evolution in plants.
Are long‐term FAD diets restricting micronutrient intake? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Malik Neal , Tonstad Serena , Paalani Michael , Dos Santos Hildemar , Luiz do Prado Wagner 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe micronutrient adequacy of common fad diets is rarely assessed. We compared a high‐fiber diet [HF] with a low‐carbohydrate diet [LC] to assess their effects on body weight and micronutrient adequacy. One hundred and seventy‐three adult males and females with or without diabetes with a mean body mass index of 36 kg/m2 were randomized to either a HF or LC diet. Differences in anthropometrics, blood lipids, glucose, blood pressure, and micronutrient consumption between groups were assessed after 52 weeks. Differences between groups a priori were assessed using independent t tests and chi‐squared tests. Post hoc differences in nutrient consumption between groups while controlling for gender were assessed using factorial analysis of variance. After 52 weeks, LC dieters (n = 24) retained weight loss better than their HF counterparts (n = 30) (p = .06). LC dieters consumed more vitamin K (mcg) [HF = 124.0 ± 15.0; LC = 220.0 ± 39.1; p = .025] and vitamin B12 (mcg) [HF = 3.1 ± 0.3; LC = 4.1 ± 0.4; p = .026]. The HF group consumed more folate (mcg) [HF = 479.9 ± 34.0); LC = 333.8 ± 22.1; p < .001], magnesium (mg) [HF = 353.1 ± 17.4; LC = 281.1 ± 18.0; p < .001], and iron (mg) [HF = 14.6 ± 0.8; LC = 10.7 ± 0.6; p < .001. Both groups consumed less than the respective EAR for vitamins D and E and less than the AI for potassium. While a LC diet may be more effective for long‐term weight loss, both diets were deficient in micronutrients.
Comparison of poststroke depression between acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients
Authors: Zeng Ya‐Ying , Cheng Hao‐Ran , Cheng Lin , Huang GuiQian , Chen Yun‐Bin , Tang Wen‐Jie , He Jin‐Cai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesDepression is the most common mental complication in stroke survivors with about one‐third of patients suffering from poststroke depression (PSD). This was the first prospective study aimed to compare the prevalence of PSD and its symptoms between two cohorts of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsBoth AIS and ICH patients were simultaneously enrolled in the study. Depression symptoms were measured using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐17) after a 1‐month follow‐up. Patients were diagnosed with PSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition and the HAMD‐17 (HAMD scores >7).ResultsThe prevalence of PSD (42.3%) in the ICH group was significantly higher than that (22.9%) in the AIS group (p < 0.001). After adjustment for conventional confounding factors, the odds ratio of PSD was 2.65 (95% CI, 1.34–5.24, p = 0.005) for ICH compared to AIS. Depressive symptoms consisting of anxiety, loss of interest, insomnia, and fatigue were more frequent in patients with ICH than in AIS patients.ConclusionsPSD was more prevalent, and the risk was over twofold higher in patients with ICH than AIS.
Viscous dissipation effect on mixed convective heat transfer of MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in the presence of variable thermal conductivity and chemical reaction
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Negera Mekonnen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation on mixed convective heat transfer of an MHD Williamson nanofluid past a stretching cylinder in the existence of chemical reaction is analyzed in this study. When energy equation is formulated, the variable thermal conductivity is deliberated. By proposing applicable similarity transformations, nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are attained from partial differential equations. These nondimensional ODEs are computed through Runge‐Kutta method integrated with shooting method using MATLAB software. The results found numerically are in agreement with that of the published works of similar nature in a limiting case. The results of the local Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, and Sherwood numbers are organized in tables. The influence of protuberant parameters on temperature, velocity, and concentration is presented by graphs. From the results, it is seen that for higher values of variable thermal conductivity parameter, the local Sherwood number and skin friction coefficient upsurge, whereas the local Nusselt number diminishes.
Thermal management and simulation studies of a 200‐kW calorimetric dummy load for HE11 mode at 42 GHz
Authors: Shah Maulik , Patel Axat , Prajapati Chetan , Sathyanarayan K. , Chaudhuri Paritosh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to design a calorimetric dummy load (CDL) containing an efficient cooling mechanism to absorb maximum power of 200 kW at 42 ± 0.2 GHz frequency for maximum duration of 3 seconds. The design is suited for microwave power propagating in HE11 mode. High microwave power is generally measured and characterized by CDL, which is designed to suit the exiting modes of the gyrotron. In the current project, the output mode of the gyrotron in TE03 is converted to a Gaussian HE11 mode with help of series of mode converters. This study highlights thermal analysis and simulation studies using ANSYS computational fluid dynamics analysis for water coolant passing through helical teflon tubing. Analytical calculations for thermal management of water coolant are also carried out and compared with the simulation studies. A defocusing convex mirror has been designed using a quasi‐optical approach. Material selection of the defocusing mirror, based on cost‐effectiveness, transient thermal analysis, and microwave power absorption in the skin depth of the material, has been carried out. Finally, a comparison of analytical calculation and simulation studies has been carried out.
Government expenditures and economic growth in the MENA region: A dynamic heterogeneous panel estimation
Authors: Alshammary Mohammed Daher , Khalid Norlin , Karim Zulkefly Abdul , Ahmad Riayati 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the dynamic heterogeneous effect of government expenditures on economic growth in 20 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the 1990–2016 period. The results reveal that a dynamic adjustment in economic growth in the MENA region occurred from the short to the long run. Arguably, government expenditures can promote economic growth. In the long run, the coefficients of government expenditures are positive and significant in oil and non‐oil countries; in the short run, the coefficient is statistically significant in oil countries but not in non‐oil countries. The coefficients of government expenditures markedly differ between the two groups. For the MENA region, as a whole, government expenditures exhibit a crowding‐in effect instead of a crowding‐out effect on growth. Importantly, to sustain economic growth, non‐oil countries must embark fiscal reform measures promptly by optimizing government expenditures. Oil countries should consider the implications of short‐ and medium‐term fiscal imbalances.
M2 macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐25‐3p improves high glucose‐induced podocytes injury through activation autophagy via inhibiting DUSP1 expression
Authors: Huang Haihua , Liu Huiyun , Tang Jiazhen , Xu Wenqiong , Gan Huaxia , Fan Qiwei , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary reason of chronic kidney disease. The aim of our study is to explore the role and action mechanism of M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes in high glucose (HG)‐induced podocytes injury. Here, 30 mmol/L of HG was used to induce podocytes injury. Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining was performed to measure podocytes apoptosis, and western blot was carried out to ensure proteins expression. The shape of exosomes was identified using TEM. Besides, the expression of miR‐25‐3p was determined by qRT‐PCR, FAM‐labeled miR‐25‐5p combined with DiI‐labeled exosomes were utilized to explore the uptake of podocytes to exosomes. Relationship between miR‐25‐3p and DUSP family members was ensued by luciferase activity assay. In the beginning, we found that M2 macrophage ameliorated HG‐induced podocytes apoptosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through secreting exosomes. Subsequently, highly expressed miR‐25‐3p was found in M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes that effectively improved HG‐induced podocytes injury. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐25‐3p in M2 macrophage inefficiently repressed HG‐induced podocytes injury, thus we proposed that M2 macrophage attenuated podocytes injury through secreting exosomal miR‐25‐3p. Then, we used an autophagy inhibitor to stimulate podocytes, and demonstrated that M2 macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐25‐3p improved HG‐induced podocytes injury through activating autophagy. Finally, DUSP1 was proved to be a downstream target and mediated the inhibition of exosomal miR‐25‐3p to HG‐induced podocytes injury. Our results indicated that M2 macrophage could improve HG‐induced podocytes injury via secreting exosomal miR‐25‐3p to activate autophagy of the cells through suppressing DUSP1 expression. We proved a newly potential therapy strategy for DN treatment.
Enhanced temporal and spatial resolution in super‐resolution covariance imaging algorithm with deconvolution optimization
Authors: Wang Xuehua , Zhong Junping , Wang Mingyi , Xiong Honglian , Han Dingan , Zeng Yaguang , He Haiying , Tan Haishu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on the numerical analysis that covariance exhibits superior statistical precision than cumulant and variance, a new SOFI algorithm by calculating the n orders covariance for each pixel is presented with an almost ‐fold resolution improvement, which can be enhanced to 2n via deconvolution. An optimized deconvolution is also proposed by calculating the (n + 1) order SD associated with each n order covariance pixel, and introducing the results into the deconvolution as a damping factor to suppress noise generation. Moreover, a re‐deconvolution of the covariance image with the covariance‐equivalent point spread function is used to further increase the final resolution by above 2‐fold. Simulated and experimental results show that this algorithm can significantly increase the temporal–spatial resolution of SOFI, meanwhile, preserve the sample's structure. Thus, a resolution of 58 nm is achieved for 20 experimental images, and the corresponding acquisition time is 0.8 seconds.