bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin and asthma: friends or foes?
Authors: Белоглазов В.А. , Попенко Ю.О. , Гордиенко А.И. , Туманова Е.Л. 
Published: June 2020

Эндотоксин (ЭТ), или липополисахарид (ЛПС) грамнегативной микрофлоры, в зависимости от условий воздействия на организм способен либо снижать риск развития аллергических заболеваний и бронхиальной астмы (БА), либо быть фактором патогенеза, утяжеляющего течение БА. ЭТ окружающей среды может препятствовать формированию БА, снижать гиперреактивность бронхов, воспаление дыхательных путей и уровень IgEl-антител путем стимуляции Т1- и торможения Т2-иммунного ответа. Протективный эффект ЭТ по отношению к развитию БА может отменятся антропогенным загрязнением окружающей среды промышленными и бытовыми отходами, качественным и количественным нарушением микробиоценозов, ассоциированных со слизистыми оболочками, а также генетическими, эпигенетическими и метаболомными особенностями, определяющими интегральный ответ организма на ЭТ. Патогенетический эффект ЭТ при БА связан с участием ЭТ в формировании хронического воспаления. Потенциально ЭТ может быть фактором патогенеза всех известных эндотипов и фенотипов БА. Известные на сегодняшний день способы снижения негативного воздействия ЭТ на организм больного БА с позиций доказательной медицины имеют ограниченную эффективность и требуют дальнейшего изучения.
The role of endotoxin (ET) depends on the conditions of the body exposure. ET or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative flora is able either to be protective from the risk of allergic diseases and asthma, or to perform as a pathogenetic factor to aggravate the course of asthma. Environmental ET can inhibit development of asthma, reduce bronchial hyperactivity and airway inflammation, decrease IgE by stimulating the Т1 immune response and inhibiting Т2. The ET protection from the development of asthma may be abolished by anthropogenic pollution of the environment with industrial and household wastes; qualitative and quantitative disruption of macro- and microbiocenoses, immune systems associated with mucous membranes; and various genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic determinants of the body response to ET. The pathogenic effect of ET in asthma is related with the pro-inflammatory effect of ET on the development of chronic inflammation. ET may contribute to the pathogenesis of all known asthma endotypes and phenotypes. The efficacy of methods for reducing the effect of ET on asthma is limited, and these methods require further research.
Lactoferrin beneficially influences the recovery of physiological and behavioral indexes in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation
Authors: Копаева М.Ю. , Алчинова И.Б. , Нестеренко М.В. , Черепов А.Б. , Зарайская И.Ю. , Карганов М.Ю. 
Published: June 2020

Целью настоящей работы стало исследование эффектов лактоферрина (Лф) человека у мышей после острого гамма-облучения в сублетальной дозе. Методы. Исследование было проведено на 2-2,5-месячных самцах мышей линии C57Bl/6. Животные из экспериментальных групп были подвергнуты общему воздействию гамма-излучения в дозе 7,5 Гр. Сразу после облучения и повторно через 24 часа после него часть животных получила инъекцию Лф (внутрибрюшинно, 4 мг на животное). Было изучено влияние Лф на выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни мышей. Для оценки общей двигательной и исследовательской активности использовали тест «Открытое поле». Результаты. Введение Лф позволило увеличить выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни облученных мышей в течение эксперимента. Происходила более быстрая нормализация динамики изменения массы тела. Кроме того, Лф оказал компенсаторное действие на исследовательскую активность облученных животных.
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of human lactoferrin (Lf) in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation at a sublethal dose. Methods. C57Вl/6 2-2.5-month-old male mice were used for the experiments. Animals from experimental groups were exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy. Some animals received an intraperitoneal injection of Lf (4 mg per animal) immediately and then at 24 hours after the irradiation. The effect of Lf on survival rate and life span was studied. The open field test was used to assess locomotor and research activity. Results. The Lf administration increased the survival rate and life span of irradiated mice during the experiment. The dynamics of body weight normalized faster. In addition, Lf exerted a compensatory effect on the research activity of irradiated animals.
Portuguese Royal Treasury: management, taxation and accounts control in the Johannine period (from 1814 to 1820)
Authors: Nascimento Pedroso Claudio , Cosenza José Paulo , Donoso-Anes Alberto 
Published: June 2020

In November 1807, Napoleon Bonaparte's troops were about to invade Portugal. To escape, the Queen of Portugal, Maria I, her son, future King Juan VI, Prince Regent at the time, as well as civilians and military men, had to embark and move to Brazil urgently. The transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil transformed the then colony of Portugal into the seat of the Portuguese monarchy, giving the country a significant role in the economic, social, and political issues of the Portuguese Empire, between 1808 and 1821. Among the changes made by the Portuguese Crown in Brazil in the process of reorganization of the State apparatus, we highlight the creation of the Royal Treasury, similar to the one existing in Lisbon since 1761, which was responsible for the collection and accounting entries of the income generated throughout the Portuguese domain. This paper examines the balance sheets of the ledger book of the 2nd Royal Treasury General Accountancy from 1814 to 1820, based on historical and documentary research conducted in the collections of the Brazilian National Archive. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the accounting information recorded in the annual balance sheets, comparing it across different periods and determining its functionality as a tax control tool. The paper contributes to the literature with information on this special historical period in which Rio de Janeiro provisionally became the capital of the Portuguese Kingdom, maintaining a vital role in the political, economic, and social context of the time. The results of the study enable us to infer the economic conception of fiscal control that the Royal Treasury exercised in its administrative and accounting organization, showing the role played by accounting in the management of the Portuguese Royal House, given that accounting records reveal the ascendancy of the environment over accounting and the influence of accounting on the environment.
Comentarios bibliográficos sobre el libro de Anne Dubet y Sergio Solbes Ferri: El rey, el ministro y el tesorero. El gobierno de la Real Hacienda en el siglo XVIII español
Authors: Donoso-Anés Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Comentarios bibliográficos sobre el libro de Anne Dubet y Sergio Solbes Ferri: El Rey, el Ministro y el Tesorero. El gobierno de la Real Hacienda en el Siglo XVIII español.
Бренд-менеджмент як вид управлінської діяльності
Authors: Liubchuk Valentyna 
Published: June 2020

У статті актуалізується проблема формування ефективного бренд-менеджменту як виду управлінської діяльності. Конкрети­зуються по­няття «бренд» та «брендинг». Звертається увага на те, що є різні види брендів, зокрема територій, осіб, товарів тощо. Для роз­робки ефективної системи бренд-менеджменту необхідно озна­йомитися із його популяр­ними парадигмами. Аналіз парадигм XX ст. та XXI ст. показав, що важливо враховувати особливості зовнішнього середовища, розвиток су­спільства та новітніх техно­логій. Зрештою, сучасне суспільство наскіль­ки стрімко розвива­ється, що є необхідність враховувати позитивні сто­рони обох па­радигм. До таких зокрема віднесемо залученість усіх пра­цівників, незалежно від їхніх функціональних обов’язків, до виконання функ­цій бренд-менеджменту щодо, наприклад, формування іміджу ком­панії.
Для розробки ефективної системи бренд-менеджменту важли­вого значення набуває вибір моделі – західної (англо-американ­ської) або схід­ної (японської). Для західної моделі актуально сфор­мувати імідж різ­них брендів, які належать одній компанії, нерідко невідомій широкому ко­лу споживачів. Східна модель бренд-ме­неджменту базується на корпора­тив­ному бренді. Головне – форму­вання авторитетного іміджу компанії. Якщо це вдасться, тоді у ком­панії сформується стійка та надійна репу­тація і споживачі бу­дуть надавати перевагу товарам саме цієї компанії. Глобалізація наклала свій відбиток і на сферу бренд-менеджменту як виду управлінської діяльності. На сьогодні спостерігаємо змішану мо­дель, оскільки відомі компанії намагаються поширити свої бренди на різних ринках та в різних країнах.
При формуванні бренд-менеджменту важливо враховувати су­куп­ність чинників економічного, соціального, культурного харак­те­ру. Зав­дя­­ки системному та комплексному підходам вдасться ство­рити потужну модель бренд-менеджменту.
Fine arts and folk culture included in Indian painting
Authors: Kumari Kanchan 
Published: June 2020

India is an ancient cultural country. Art is a product of human culture. Its rise is reflective of the beauty of man. The unique fusion of folk art is seen in the art and culture here. Many scholars have periodically stated the importance of folk art. Folk art is a mirror of folk tradition culture in our country. Which can be seen in various rituals. Folk art can be seen in various forms in different provinces like India. Which is known by various names.Although these useful items of daily life were not made with the goal of fine arts, yet the end of the art of collective life is visible to us and it is not wrong to call them artistic objects. Along with the development of civilization, man did not leave a useful notion in his manufactured goods, but by his fluidity his fluidity made him beautiful product for fine arts in some quantity.

भारत एक प्राचीन सांस्कृतिक देश है। कला मानव संस्कृति की उपज है। इसका उदय मानव की सौन्दर्य भावना का परिचायक है। यहाँ की कला एवं संस्कृति में लोककला का अनूठा समन्वय दिखाई देता है। अनेक विद्वानों ने समय-समय पर लोककला के महत्त्व को बताया है। लोककलाऐं हमारे देश में लोक परम्पराओं संस्कृति का दर्पण है। जो विभिन्न रीति रिवाज उत्सव में देखे जा सकते है। भारत जैसें देश में विभिन्न प्रान्तों में विविध रूपों में लोककला देखी जा सकती है। जो विभिन्न नामों से जानी जाती है।दैनिक जीवन की इन उपयोगी वस्तुओं का निर्माण यद्यपि ललित कला के लक्ष्य से नहीं हुआ, तथापि सामूहिक जीवन की कलाप्रियता का अंष हमें इसमें दृष्टिगोचर होता है और इन्हें कलात्मक वस्तुएँ कहे तो गलत नहीं होगा। सभ्यता के विकास के साथ-साथ मानव ने अपनी निर्मित वस्तुओं में उपयोगी धारणा को नहीं छोड़ा परन्तु उसकी कलाप्रियता ने अपनी प्रवाहशीलता द्वारा कुछ मात्रा में उन्हें ललित कला के लिये सुन्दर उपादान बना दिया।
A mixed methods needs assessment of pediatric emergency and critical care in Tanzanian providers: a model for curriculum development
Authors: Chen Carol C , Straube Steven , Vo Holly , George Upendo , Sawe Hendry , Tenner Andrea G 
Published: June 2020

Background There are several curricula developed to train providers in low-resource settings on how to care for critically ill and injured children, however few incorporate the unique needs, insights, and challenges faced by the providers. Using a mixed methods approach, we conducted a needs assessment to determine the most important learning issues, attitudes, and beliefs of emergency department (ED) providers at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) about the development of a novel pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) curriculum for their setting. Methods A retrospective, observational, analysis of a database of pediatric (<18 years old) ED visits from April 2016 to April 2017 identified the most common presenting diagnoses. Qualitative focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted using purposive sampling of providers. Content analysis identified emerging themes and member-checking was performed approximately 5 months later. Results Analysis of 16005 visits showed that 8 of the top 15 most common diagnoses were shared with the 15 most important topics identified by healthcare providers from the qualitative analysis; sepsis, anemia, malnutrition, congenital heart disease, pneumonia, burns, malaria, and seizures. Twenty-one healthcare providers (2 ED attending physicians, 1 pediatric attending, 5 ED residents, 9 nurses, and 4 registrars) participated and thematic saturation was achieved. Fifty-seven percent of respondents (n=13) preferred a course taught in-person, and 58% (n=15) preferred a course length of less than six months. Respondents preferred a mixed instruction approach of lectures and didactics with simulation and skills stations. Three principal perspectives on poor patient outcomes were identified; i) delayed presentation to care from a lack of recognition of disease severity and/or inappropriate or inadequate treatment; ii) poor communication and a lack of knowledge of pediatric resuscitation and critical care, and limited pediatric supplies and equipment; and iii) inadequate inpatient care despite ED stabilization. Conclusions Emergency care providers reported interest in participating in a short PEM curriculum with both live training and self-administered learning. The topics identified were concordant between participants and a database analysis, as well as previously published studies. Themes on poor patient outcomes have provided a deeper context into which the curriculum will be taught. These findings can inform future curriculum development efforts.
AYNU’L-KUDÂT el-HEMEDÂNÎ’NİN İDAM SAVUNMASINDA TEFSİR UYGULAMALARI VE TASAVVUFÎ YORUMLARI
Authors: BAYER İsmail , ÖZKAN Ahmet 
Published: June 2020

Aynu’l-Kudât el-Hemedânî (d. 492-1098/ö. 525-1131) tasavvufun bir ilim
olarak ortaya çıktığı dönemde dünyaya gelmiştir. İslam Medeniyeti açısından
zengin olan bu dönemde, Sünnî düşüncenin oluşmasında önemli bir yeri olan
Nizamiye Medreseleri kurulmuş ve yaygınlaşmıştır.

Hemedânî, küçük yaşlarından itibaren iyi
bir tahsil görmüş ve ilk eserini 14 yaşında kaleme almıştır. O, yirmili
yaşlarda tasavvuf, kelâm, tefsir, fıkıh, dil bilimleri, matematik, astronomi ve
felsefe alanlarında yüksek düzeyli eserler vermiştir. Genç yaşta fetva verecek
seviyeye ulaşarak Hemedan kadılığına ve aynı yerde mevcut medresenin
müderrisliğine tayin edilmiştir.

Hemedânî, meşgul olduğu ilmi
faaliyetlerinin, arayışlarına ve zihnini kurcalayan sorularına cevap verememesi
üzerine bir buhran geçirir. İmam-ı Gazzalî’nin eserleri vesilesiyle bu
sıkıntıyı atlatır.
Ahmed Gazzalî ile tanışması ise hayatında bir dönüm noktası olur.
Ahmed Gazzalî’yi kendisine rehber olarak seçer ve ondan almış olduğu tasavvufi eğitim ile
hayatının sonuna kadar etrafındaki insanları irşad eder. Özellikle yirmili yaşlarında fikirlerini özgürce dile getirmesi ve
şatahat türü sözler söylemesi, aleyhinde faaliyet gösteren bir topluluğun
oluşmasına neden olur. Bununla beraber üstün hitabet yeteneği ve etkili
vaazları sayesinde aralarında devlet adamlarının da bulunduğu çok sayıda mürid
edinmiştir.

Hemedânî’nin tasavvuf yolu, Ahmed Gazzalî’den
kendisine intikal eden aşk, cezbe ve fenadır. Ona göre din bir sosyal
alışkanlık değildir. Tasavvuf,
Allah’ı görmeyi ve O’na kavuşmayı hedefleyen bir yolculuktur.

Otuz üç yaşında, Hemedân’da, zındıklık
suçlamasıyla, Selçuklu veziri Kıvâmüddin Dergezînî’nin emriyle öldürülmüş/şehit
edilmiştir. Şekve’l-Garîb adlı
risalesi, ölümünden kısa bir müddet önce Bağdat’ta zindanda tutulduğu esnada,
kendisini savunmak için dönemin ilim ve tasavvuf erbabına yazmış olduğu son
eseri ve bir tür idam savunmasıdır.

Yaşadığı dönemin âlimlerinden ve
mutasavvıflarından yakınmalarını hüzünlü bir üslupla dile getiren bu eser, onun
fikri sürecinin son halkasını teşkil etmesi bakımından önemlidir. Öte taraftan
eser, tarihe iz bırakmış bir müellifin nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine dair
önemli metodik veriler sunmaktadır. Risalede tasavvuf, akâid, kelam ilimlerinin
yanı sıra tefsir ilmine dair kıymetli veriler bulunmaktadır. Elinizdeki
çalışma, Hemedânî’nin idam savunmasını yaptığı Şekve’l-garîb adlı eserinde yer alan tefsir uygulamalarını ve
bunların tasavvufî yorumlarını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda
Hemedâni’nin dini ve edebi metinleri anlamlandırırken kullandığı metodun
“kelâmın tamamından edinilmiş bilgi ve algı” ekseninde seyrettiğini söylemek
mümkündür.
Analysis of Student Readiness for Blended Learning Model Implementation in Industrial Era 4.0
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Muntaqo Rifqi , Trisnowati Eli 
Published: June 2020

<p>Information technology (IT) has provided a new means for online learning outside conventional classrooms. By using IT, blended learning is an approach that gives the best advantage from class and online learning. It is also help the higher education to improve their understanding of how students see blended learning and formulate strategies to successfully implement blended learning. The aim of this research is to examine how students' attitudes towards various aspects of learning which can influence their readiness to participate in blended learning. We provide six aspects of learning and then collect 85 students as respondent. The analysis revealed three main findings. First, the use of technology in education is not an obstacle for students. Second, the ability to follow blended learning are influenced by four things namely attitudes toward online learning, study management, online interaction, and learning flexibility. Third, attitudes toward learning in class have a negative relationship with students' readiness to participate in blended learning. The last, student attitudes towards various aspects of learning can be important in assessing students' readiness for blended learning, which is a prerequisite for the successful application of blended learning.</p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Blended learning, industry 4.0, student attitudes</p>
Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection under Fluoroscopy in Management of Chronic Low Back Pain with or without Radiculopathy
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Paudel Bandana , Subba Sangeeta , Pyakurel Kumud , K. C. Bijay , Kumar Shubham 
Published: June 2020

Background: Low back pain with or without radiculopathy is most common presentations of chronic pain. Caudal epidural steroid injection is one of the treatment modalities of this type of pain syndromes.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 patient who presented in our pain clinic. These patients were given caudal epidural steroid injections under fluoroscopy guidance with 60 mg depo-methylprednisolone added to 0.5% lignocaine making a volume of 10 ml. All these patients were asked to follow up at pain clinic at 1 month, 3 months & 6 months to assess the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Straight leg Raise test (SLRT) & Patient satisfaction scale.
Results: There was significant reduction in VAS score in one month, three months and six months follow up after caudal epidural steroid injection. The 50% reduction in pain was seen in 72 patients, 69 patients and 62 patients in one month, three months and six months respectively. The mean VAS score were 7.84 before pre-injection, 4.32 at one hour, 4.06 at one month, 4.18 at 3 months and 4.64 at 6 months after the procedure.The mean ODI were 35.16 before pre-injection, 32.12 at one hour, 28.14 at one month, 28.57 at 3 months and 28.68 at 6 months after the procedure.
Conclusion: Caudal epidural steroid injections causes significant relief in pain symptoms of backache with or without radiculopathy and increases the quality of life.
Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on Liver Enzymes Activity During Pre and Post Hemodialysis
Authors: Jha Sanjay Kumar , Yadav Naval Kishor , Pokharel Daya Ram 
Published: June 2020

Background: Worldwide chronic kidney disease is one of the primary public health problems. This study aimed to find the activity of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Gamma-glutamyl transferase in the patient's serum before and after dialysis in Chronic kidney disease.
Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study including 68 cases with chronic kidney disease coming for hemodialysis at dialysis centers and 140 healthy individuals as control. Serum samples were used for the analysis of serum urea and creatinine, liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase using ErbaChem-300 liquid Chemistry autoanalyzer. Pearson’s bivariate correlation analysis and ANOVA were used to correlate variables between the controls and cases. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in both pre and post-hemodialysis as compared to healthy controls with a p-value (p < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels were significantly lower in both pre and post-hemodialysis as compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in pre and post hemodialysis as compared to healthy control. Moreover, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were significantly higher in pre and post hemodialysis as compared to healthy control.
Conclusion: The study showed differences in the level of liver enzymes in pre and post hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease.
Reklama w działaniach komunikacyjnych jednostki samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Krawczyk Dariusz 
Published: June 2020

Artykuł dotyczy aktywności samorządów w obszarze komunikacji perswazyjnej. Celem jest określenie zasadności i zgodności z przepisami podejmowanych działań oraz wskazanie na uwarunkowania, którym odpowiadać powinna polityka reklamowa administracji publicznej. Przedstawiono charakterystykę przedsięwzięć promocyjnych realizowanych zarówno bezpośrednio przez gminy lub powiaty, jak i za pośrednictwem nadawców zewnętrznych, a w tym środków masowego przekazu. Zaprezentowano ponadto wyniki badań empirycznych dotyczących technik i narzędzi reklamy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, ich społecznego zasięgu oraz wysokości nakładów budżetowych przeznaczanych na promocję.
Profil GCMS Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak Metanol Isolat Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria Bassiana Dan Akar Cabai Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Cabai
Authors: Saragih Magdalena , Trizelia Trizelia , Nurbailis Nurbailis , Yusniwati Yusniwati 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compound methanol extract of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana from insect walang sangit and the chemical compound roots of red chili plants that were able to stimulate the growth of chilli plants after being applied with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana through seed immersion inoculation using GCMS method. The chemical compound identified as a growth booster in B. bassiana fungus isolates from the insect walang sangit is an Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacial acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methylpalmitate Uniphat A60, n-Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid n-Hexadecoic acid Palmitic acid, Dianhydromannitol and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, (3.beta., 22E) - (CAS) Ergosterol (CAS), while the chili root contains Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid Glacials acetic acid CH3COOH, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl palmitate Uniphat A60, n -Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid, 8, 11- octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) METHYL 8, 11-OCTADECADIENOATE, (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol.s It can be concluded that some of the chemical compounds in methanol extracts identified in chili roots have similarities with chemical compounds that exist in B. bassiana entomopathogenic fungus which are potential as stimulers of chili plant growth