bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virucidal Efficacy of Different Oral Rinses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Meister Toni Luise , Brüggemann Yannick , Todt Daniel , Conzelmann Carina , Müller Janis A , Groß Rüdiger , Münch Jan , Krawczyk Adalbert , Steinmann Jörg , Steinmann Jochen , Pfaender Stephanie , Steinmann Eike 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic creates a significant threat to global health. Recent studies suggested the significance of throat and salivary glands as major sites of virus replication and transmission during early coronavirus disease 2019, thus advocating application of oral antiseptics. However, the antiviral efficacy of oral rinsing solutions against SARS-CoV-2 has not been examined. Here, we evaluated the virucidal activity of different available oral rinses against SARS-CoV-2 under conditions mimicking nasopharyngeal secretions. Several formulations with significant SARS-CoV-2 inactivating properties in vitro support the idea that oral rinsing might reduce the viral load of saliva and could thus lower the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Mammal Molar Size Ratios and the Inhibitory Cascade at the Intraspecific Scale
Authors: Vitek N S , Roseman C C , Bloch J I 
Published: July 2020

Synopsis
Mammalian molar crowns form a module in which measurements of size for individual teeth within a tooth row covary with one another. Molar crown size covariation is proposed to fit the inhibitory cascade model (ICM) or its variant the molar module component (MMC) model, but the inability of the former model to fit across biological scales is a concern in the few cases where it has been tested in Primates. The ICM has thus far failed to explain patterns of intraspecific variation, an intermediate biological scale, even though it explains patterns at both smaller organ-level and larger between-species biological scales. Studies of this topic in a much broader range of taxa are needed, but the properties of a sample appropriate for testing the ICM at the intraspecific level are unclear. Here, we assess intraspecific variation in relative molar sizes of the cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus, to further test the ICM and to develop recommendations for appropriate sampling protocols in future intraspecific studies of molar size variation across Mammalia. To develop these recommendations, we model the sensitivity of estimates of molar ratios to sample size and simulate the use of composite molar rows when complete ones are unavailable. Similar to past studies on primates, our results show that intraspecific variance structure of molar ratios within the rodent P. gossypinus does not meet predictions of the ICM or MMC. When we extend these analyses to include the MMC, one model does not fit observed patterns of variation better than the other. Standing variation in molar size ratios is relatively constant across mammalian samples containing all three molars. In future studies, analyzing average ratio values will require relatively small minimum sample sizes of two or more complete molar rows. Even composite-based estimates from four or more specimens per tooth position can accurately estimate mean molar ratios. Analyzing variance structure will require relatively large sample sizes of at least 40–50 complete specimens, and composite molar rows cannot accurately reconstruct variance structure of ratios in a sample. Based on these results, we propose guidelines for intraspecific studies of molar size covariation. In particular, we note that the suitability of composite specimens for averaging mean molar ratios is promising for the inclusion of isolated molars and incomplete molar rows from the fossil record in future studies of the evolution of molar modules, as long as variance structure is not a key component of such studies.
Ethics and informatics in the age of COVID-19: challenges and recommendations for public health organization and public policy
Authors: Subbian Vignesh , Solomonides Anthony , Clarkson Melissa , Rahimzadeh Vasiliki Nataly , Petersen Carolyn , Schreiber Richard , DeMuro Paul R , Dua Prerna , Goodman Kenneth W , Kaplan Bonnie , Koppel Ross , Lehmann Christoph U , Pan Eric , Senathirajah Yalini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States has exposed significant gaps in information systems and processes that prevent timely clinical and public health decision-making. Specifically, the use of informatics to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, support COVID-19 care delivery, and accelerate knowledge discovery bring to the forefront issues of privacy, surveillance, limits of state powers, and interoperability between public health and clinical information systems. Using a consensus-building process, we critically analyze informatics-related ethical issues in light of the pandemic across 3 themes: (1) public health reporting and data sharing, (2) contact tracing and tracking, and (3) clinical scoring tools for critical care. We provide context and rationale for ethical considerations and recommendations that are actionable during the pandemic and conclude with recommendations calling for longer-term, broader change (beyond the pandemic) for public health organization and policy reform.
Are the Problems and Motives Clear Enough? A Study on the Placement of Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Minors at Compulsory Care Institutions in Sweden
Authors: Ghazinour Mehdi , Rostami Arian , Eriksson Malin , Padyab Mojgan , Wimelius Malin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (SNBIC) is an independent governmental agency that provides compulsory care for minors with psychosocial problems, criminal behavior, and substance abuse. During recent years, a noticeable number of the youth placed at compulsory care institutions have been asylum-seeking minors who have arrived in Sweden without parents or guardians. This steady increase in placements has raised questions and concerns among the involved actors regarding the motives and needs underlying these placements. This qualitative study investigates the main motives that lead unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors to be placed at SNBIC residential homes and the problems that are to be solved during their placement, according to social workers and SNBIC staff. The study is based on 28 in-depth interviews with social workers and SNBIC staff. Findings indicate clear disagreement between social workers and SNBIC staff with regard to the motives for placing unaccompanied minors at SNBIC homes. Although the social workers and SNBIC staff explain that most of the unaccompanied youth placed at SNBIC homes have some form of criminal behavior or substance abuse, SNBIC staff believe, in some cases, the problem is not sufficiently serious to warrant compulsory care. As these disagreements and misunderstandings between the actors have an impact on their collaboration and, consequently, the situation of the unaccompanied minors, all attempts to reach a consensus on the leading causes for placement and the problems that need to be solved with SNBIC placement would increase security for both the young people and the relevant staff.
Safety and immunogenicity of a primary yellow fever vaccination under low-dose methotrexate therapy—a prospective multi-centre pilot study1
Authors: Bühler Silja , Jaeger Veronika Katharina , Eperon Gilles , Furrer Hansjakob , Fux Christoph A , Jansen Stephanie , Neumayr Andreas , Rochat Laurence , Schmid Sabine , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Staehelin Cornelia , de Visser Adriëtte W , Visser Leonardus G , Niedrig Matthias , Hatz Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
More people on immunosuppression live in or wish to travel to yellow fever virus (YFV)-endemic areas. Data on the safety and immunogenicity of yellow fever vaccination (YFVV) during immunosuppression are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a primary YFVV between travellers on methotrexate and controls.

Methods
We conducted a prospective multi-centre controlled observational study from 2015 to 2017 in six Swiss travel clinics. 15 adults (nine with rheumatic diseases, five with dermatologic conditions and one with a gastroenterological disease) on low-dose methotrexate (≤20 mg/week) requiring a primary YFVV and 15 age and sex-matched controls received a YFVV. Solicited/unsolicited adverse reactions were recorded, YFV-RNA was measured in serum samples on Days 3, 7, 10, 14, 28 and neutralizing antibodies on Days 0, 7, 10, 14, 28.

Results
Patients´ and controls’ median ages were 53 and 52 years; 9 patients and 10 controls were female. 43% of patients and 33% of controls showed local side effects (P = 0.71); 86% of patients and 66% of controls reported systemic reactions (P = 0.39). YFV-RNA was detected in patients and controls on Day 3–10 post-vaccination and was never of clinical significance. Slightly more patients developed YFV-RNAaemia (Day 3: n = 5 vs n = 2, Day 7: n = 9 vs n = 7, Day 10: n = 3 vs n = 2, all P &gt; 0.39). No serious reactions occurred. On Day 10, a minority of vaccinees was seroprotected (patients: n = 2, controls: n = 6). On Day 28, all vaccinees were seroprotected.

Conclusions
First-time YFVV was safe and immunogenic in travellers on low-dose methotrexate. Larger studies are needed to confirm these promising results.
Human L1 Transposition Dynamics Unraveled with Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Chen Di , Cremona Marzia A , Qi Zongtai , Mitra Robi D , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long INterspersed Elements-1 (L1s) constitute &gt;17% of the human genome and still actively transpose in it. Characterizing L1 transposition across the genome is critical for understanding genome evolution and somatic mutations. However, to date, L1 insertion and fixation patterns have not been studied comprehensively. To fill this gap, we investigated three genome-wide data sets of L1s that integrated at different evolutionary times: 17,037 de novo L1s (from an L1 insertion cell-line experiment conducted in-house), and 1,212 polymorphic and 1,205 human-specific L1s (from public databases). We characterized 49 genomic features—proxying chromatin accessibility, transcriptional activity, replication, recombination, etc.—in the ±50 kb flanks of these elements. These features were contrasted between the three L1 data sets and L1-free regions using state-of-the-art Functional Data Analysis statistical methods, which treat high-resolution data as mathematical functions. Our results indicate that de novo, polymorphic, and human-specific L1s are surrounded by different genomic features acting at specific locations and scales. This led to an integrative model of L1 transposition, according to which L1s preferentially integrate into open-chromatin regions enriched in non-B DNA motifs, whereas they are fixed in regions largely free of purifying selection—depleted of genes and noncoding most conserved elements. Intriguingly, our results suggest that L1 insertions modify local genomic landscape by extending CpG methylation and increasing mononucleotide microsatellite density. Altogether, our findings substantially facilitate understanding of L1 integration and fixation preferences, pave the way for uncovering their role in aging and cancer, and inform their use as mutagenesis tools in genetic studies.
How Do Consumers Fare When Dealing with Debt Collectors? Evidence from Out-of-Court Settlements
Authors: Cheng Ing-Haw , Severino Felipe , Townsend Richard R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDo deals with debt collectors alleviate consumer financial distress? Using new data linking court and credit registry records, we examine civil collection lawsuits where consumers can settle out of court. Random assignment of judges with different styles generates exogenous variation in the likelihood of settlement negotiations. We find that settlements increase financial distress relative to going to court, likely by draining consumers of liquidity. The effect is stronger among less financially literate consumers. Survey evidence suggests that consumers generally overestimate how much they would pay through the court system. Perceived nonpecuniary benefits also motivate some consumers to settle.
Leptospira Triggered Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Panda Prateek Kumar , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Bolia Rishi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Primary neuroleptospirosis although rare but has been reported in the literature in the form of case reports and case series. However, there are no reports of autoimmune encephalitis triggered by leptospirosis in the literature, although four cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which is also considered to have autoimmune etiology have been reported. We are reporting an adolescent girl, who developed anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis after the resolution of systemic symptoms of leptospirosis. Her symptoms including neuropsychiatric and extrapyramidal features and sleep disturbances resolved completely after immunotherapy. As recently autoimmune encephalitis triggered by various infections are getting reported more frequently around the world, the clinicians need to consider this clinical possibility, even in patients with leptospirosis, who develop neurological symptoms while systemic clinical features are subsiding. Early recognition and timely administration of immunotherapy have the potential to completely reverse the neurological symptoms.
COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Options for Management of Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Ramirez Pedro T. , Chiva Luis , Eriksson Ane Gerda Z. , Frumovitz Michael , Fagotti Anna , Martin Antonio Gonzalez , Jhingran Anuja , Pareja Rene 
Published: July 2020

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020;30:561–563)
In the midst of this devastating pandemic associated with the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, we must continue to provide high-value care to patients with chronic diseases such as cancer while being mindful of the safety of our patients, their families, and our health care providers. The editorial team of the International Journal of Gynecological Cancer has compiled evidence-based suggestions in this guideline document to both continue high-quality care for our patients and strategically allocate resources to alleviate the burden on our health care system amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness
Authors: Harvey Nina R. , Stanton Marietta P. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this case study is to provide a specific example of the disease trajectory for one patient's experience with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). This case study provides those in case management with an overview of some of the common signs and symptoms of ICUAW, as well as the possible prognosis and recovery from ICUAW.

Primary Practice Setting:
The events in this case study take place in the acute care setting including the intensive care unit of a mid-sized health center, a general medical-surgical (med-surg) unit, and a long-term acute care facility.

Conclusions:
ICUAW affects the clinical, functional, and financial outcomes of patients. If the patient survives, their quality of life and the quality of life of their family members could be severely impacted. Case management practice has a significant role in coordinating care for those diagnosed with ICUAW. Case managers can use knowledge about ICUAW to improve the patient's transition throughout the hospital stay, improve discharge recommendations, and improve the patient's short-term and long-term outcomes. This may reduce unnecessary utilization of health care resources.
Case Management and the Documentation of Avoidable Days
Authors: Shelerud Leah N. , Esden Jana L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of Study:
Avoidable Days/Delays (ADs) account for a large portion of dollars lost for many health care organizations, and with ongoing changes in health care reimbursement, available funds will become increasingly limited. Avoidable Days cannot be reduced or eliminated without accurate causal documentation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a system upgrade with a change in documentation layout for AD tracking increased case manager compliance with AD documentation. In addition, staff perceptions and opinions on AD documentation were obtained to determine whether or not these perceptions could affect accurate documentation of ADs.

Primary Practice Setting:
A large academic medical center.

Methodology And Sample:
Quantitative data were gathered through a survey completed by the hospital's case managers, and raw data were obtained from the electronic health record system on the number of documented ADs before and after the system upgrade.

Results:
The results indicated that the system upgrade did improve case manager documentation of ADs. Survey results suggested that more education was needed on ADs, including information on financial impact, importance of accurate documentation, and plans for performance improvement initiatives for frequently documented AD causes.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
The majority of surveyed case managers felt that they would benefit from increased education on AD documentation. Recommendations for case management practice include (1) incorporating AD education into the orientation curriculum for new case managers, (2) readdressing the importance of AD documentation in case managers' annual review education, and (3) extending AD education to additional hospital staff to make AD tracking an organizational commitment.
Integrated Transitions of Care for Patients With Rare Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Moreo Kathleen , Lattimer Cheri , Lett James E. , Heggen-Peay Cherilyn L. , Simone Laura 
Published: July 2020

Purpose/Objectives:
Many continuing education (CE) resources are available to support case management professionals in developing competencies in transitions of care (TOC) that apply generally across disease areas. However, CE programs and tools are lacking for advanced TOC competencies in specific disease areas. This article describes 2 projects in which leading TOC, case management, and CE organizations collaborated to develop CE-accredited interdisciplinary pathways for promoting safe and effective TOC for patients with rare pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Primary Practice Setting(s):
The interdisciplinary pathways apply to PAH and IPF case management practice and TOC across settings that include community-based primary care and specialty care, PAH or IPF centers of expertise, acute care and post-acute settings, long-term care, rehabilitation and skilled nursing facilities, and patients' homes.

Findings/Conclusions:
Both PAH and IPF are chronic, progressive respiratory diseases that are associated with severe morbidity and mortality, along with high health care costs. Because they are relatively rare diseases with nonspecific symptoms and many comorbidities, PAH and IPF are difficult to diagnose. Early diagnosis, referral to centers of expertise, and aggressive treatment initiation are essential for slowing disease progression and maintaining quality of life and function. Both the rarity and complexity of PAH and IPF pose unique challenges to ensuring effective and safe TOC. Expert consensus and evidence-based approaches to meeting these challenges, and thereby improving PAH and IPF patient outcomes, are presented in the 2 interdisciplinary TOC pathways that are described in this article.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
In coordinating care for patients with complex pulmonary diseases such as PAH and IPF, case managers across practice settings can play key roles in improving workflow processes and communication, transition planning, coordinating TOC with centers of expertise, coordinating care and TOC for patients with comorbidities, providing patient and caregiver education, promoting engagement between patients and the team, advancing the care plan, and improving ongoing adherence to treatment in order to maximize the patient's pulmonary function. Details regarding these interprofessional roles and responsibilities are provided in the full interdisciplinary TOC pathways for PAH and IPF.
Building Capacity of Evidence-Based Public Health Practice at King Saud University: Perceived Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Wahabi Hayfaa , Zakaria Nasriah 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Implementation of evidence-based public health (EBPH) is lagging behind in Saudi Arabia and the region. Graduate-level public health curriculum at King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, is designed to equip students to integrate best available evidence in public health decision making.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to explore the viewpoint of the students on the perceived challenges they faced during training and the possible opportunities to improve their learning experience of EBPH.

Methods:
Eighteen graduate students participated in 3 focus groups that were audio-recorded, transcribed, and de-identified before analysis. Social construction and constructivism lens using thematic analysis were adopted. Saturation was reached when similar responses were recorded.

Results:
Two themes (challenges and opportunities) and 9 subthemes emerged. The lack of a national health information system, scarcity of research pertinent to the Saudi community, and deficient communication between the postgraduate programs and the Ministry of Health were the main barriers perceived by participants to affect their EBPH training. However, participants perceived opportunities for change through establishment of partnership and communication channels with the Ministry of Health and the Saudi community. In addition, participants considered building community of practice and using social media as a platform for communication between public health professionals and the community at large as a valid opportunity for professional growth and community service.

Conclusion:
Although systematic training in EBPH through postgraduate programs is effective in providing the future manpower with the needed skill and knowledge to practice EBPH, organizational and cultural barriers remain toward practicing EBPH. Reaching out to those in leadership positions and communicating with other public health professionals may facilitate spreading the culture of EBPH.