bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast molecular orbital tomography of a pentacene thin film using time-resolved momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser
Authors: Scholz Markus , Baumgärtner Kiana , Metzger Christian , Kutnyakhov Dmytro , Heber Michael , Pressacco Federico , Min Chul-Hee , Peixoto Thiago , Reiser Mario , Kim Chan , Lu Wei , Shayduk Roman , Izquierdo Manuel , Brenner Günter , Roth Friedrich , Schoell Achim , Molodtsov Serguei , Wurth Wilfried , Reinert Friedrich , Madsen Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding and control of photon-induced dynamics of molecules on solid surfaces, including atomic rearrangements as well as charge transfer and non-equilibrium electron dynamics, are of essential importance for surface chemistry but also for the development of new devices. We use time-resolved momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser (FEL) and extend orbital tomography to time-resolved imaging of electronic wave functions of excited molecular orbitals. This technique will provide unprecedented insight into the ultrafast interplay between structural and electronic dynamics. In this work we prove general applicability and establish the experimental conditions at FEL sources to minimize space charge effects and radiation damage. We investigate a bilayer pentacene film on Ag(110) by optical laser pump and FEL probe experiments. From the momentum microscopy signal, we obtain time-dependent momentum maps of the molecular valence states that can be related to the molecular initial states by simulations of the involved photoemission matrix elements. A state above the Fermi level is identified which is temporarily occupied after optical excitation.
Structure based engineering for substrate specificity of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases
Authors: Xiao Ying , Shao Kai , Zhou Jingwen , Wang Lian , Wu Di , Chen Junfeng , Feng Jingxian , Qiu Shi , Zhang Lei , Zhang Peng , Chen Wansheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pinoresinol–lariciresinol reductases (PLR) are enzymes involved in the lignan biosynthesis after the initial dimerization of two monolignols, which represents the entry point for the synthesis of 8-8′ lignans and contributes greatly to their structural diversity. Of particular interest has been in determining how differing substrate specificities are achieved with these enzymes. Here, we present crystal structures of IiPLR1/AtPrR1/AtPrR2 in the apo, substrate-binding and product-binding forms. Each structure contains a head-to-tail homodimer, and the catalytic pocket comprises structural elements from both monomers. A loop β4 covers the top of the pocket, and residue 98 from the loop governs catalytic specificity. Structure-guided mutagenesis could switch the substrate specificity of IiPLR1 and AtPrR2, respectively. Our study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the substrate specificity of PLR/PrRs and suggests an efficient strategy for the large-scale commercial production of the pharmaceutically valuable compound lariciresinol.
Haemophilus Influenza Coinfection is Common in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: yan junping , Hu liangshan , Zou Seyin , liu guochen , cao donglin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The combined infection rate and bacterial spectrum has not been reported in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Constant temperature amplification reaction and real-time fluorescence analysis was performed for common bacterial respiratory pathogens on sputum samples (spontaneous or induced) from a prospective cohort study of infections. Forty-nine suspected COVID-19 cases from Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital were included in the study, 49.0% were male. Results: Probable bacterial infection was detected in 33 participants. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common bacterial pathogens detected. Conclusions: Multiple coinfections were commonly detected. Sputum multiplex PCR could become a useful diagnostic tool for bacterial respiratory infections in COVID-19 infected inpatients.
New concept on association of FGFR4 G388R, V10I polymorphisms and risk of cancer
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhang Ze , Sun Yang-Yang , Xu Kai , Wu Hao , Zhang Wei , Yuan Wei , Zuo Li , Zhang Lifeng , Mi Yuan-Yuan , Zhou Xiao-Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The correlation between G388R, V10I polymorphisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 gene and risk of carcinoma has been investigated previously, but the results are contradictory.Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), in silico tools and immunohistochemical staining (IHS) were adopted to assess the association. Results: Totally, 13,793 cancer patients and 16,179 controls were evaluated in the pooled analysis. When all the studies were summarized, we found that G388R polymorphism is associated with elevated susceptibility to cancer under homozygous comparison (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.03 - 1.43, P = 0.020) and recessive genetic model (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.04 - 1.41, P = 0.012). In stratification analysis by cancer type and ethnicity, similar findings were indicated in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and Asian descendants. Polyphen2 bioinformatics analysis showed that the G388R mutation is predicted to be possibly damaging to the protein function of FGFR4. IHS analysis indicated that the FGFR4 expression is increased in more advanced prostate cancer. Conclusion: FGFR4 G388R polymorphism may be associated with cancer risk, especially in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and Asian descendants. Up-regulation of FGFR4 may be related to a poor prognosis in prostate cancer.
The Role of Raw Material Prices in Renewable Energy Diffusion
Authors: Nabi Agha Amad , Magsi Muhammad Azhar , Ramakrishnan Suresh , Tunio Fayaz Hussain 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The foremost need for countries especially Pakistan and other Asian countries is the hunt for renewable and alternative energy because the scarcity of energy is faced by many countries like Pakistan. There are a number of approaches seeking to demonstrate the diffusion of renewable energy technologies (RET). Learning and experience curves are the highest generally exercised instruments, followed by further economic, policy- and barrier-related analyses. The purpose of this study is to support research on the role of raw material prices specifically oil price and gas price on Renewable energy diffusion. Panel regression with fixed effects model is applied on data of 3 Asian countries namely Pakistan, India, and China for the period 1990 to 2012 gathered from World Bank and EIA (Energy Information Administration). The findings reveal that the model confirms an adequate fit and a very significant influence of oil prices on investments in renewable energy technology capacity whereas the insignificant influence of natural gas prices in a renewable energy technology capacity.
Changing Primary Energy Consumption Due to COVID-19: The Study 20 European Economies
Authors: Mirnezami Seyed Reza , Rajabi Sajad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With the outbreak of the coronavirus in countries around the world, governments have decided to impose restrictions and social distancing. Closures of businesses, and hence changes in supply and demand patterns during this period, have deepened concerns among policy makers. In this article, we investigate the change in primary energy consumption in the 20 European countries that have the highest GDP. To this end, 10 different shock scenarios and its limitations are considered. By implementing these shocks into input-output modelling, changes in primary energy consumption are calculated. The results show that according to the best scenario (rapid and complete economy restoration), Russia with 3.5% and Italy with 2.88% will have the largest decrease, and according to the worst case scenario (explosive exacerbation of disease and complete quarantine), Spain with 14% and Italy with 13% will have the largest reduction in energy consumption. In addition, considering the total changes in primary energy consumption of these 20 countries, according to the best scenario, it will decrease by 1.81% and according to the worst-case scenario, it will decrease by 10.46%. We discuss about possibilities that energy consumption permanently declines.
Exosomes from Gastric Cancer Suppressed Adipo-differentiation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Cancer-associated Cachexia via miR-155/ C/EPBβ pathway
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Dan , Wang Huiya , Zhang Haiyang , Deng Ting , Liu Rui , Ning Tao , Bai Ming , Ying Guoguang , Ba Yi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome including depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipose tissue wasting, as a key characteristic of CAC, occurs early and is related with poor survival. However, the influence of exosomes on adipo-differentiation in CAC remained be mysterious.METHODS: Oil-red staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to investigate the adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs from GC patients and healthy donors. Adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs treated with exosomes from GES-1 or GC cell lines was also detected. To further explore the effects of exosomal miR-155 on adipo-differentiation in vitro, we carried out luciferase reporter assay. Finally, to evaluate the function of exosomal miR-155 in vivo, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SGC7901 cells transfected with lentivirus containing a miR-155 overexpressing (miR-155 OE) sequence or miR-155 shRNA (miR-155 KO) or control lentivirus(NC) to observe the change of adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs.RESULTS: We showed that miR-155 was high expressed in adipose mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) isolated from GC patients, which exhibited significantly suppressed adipo-differentiation. Mechanistically, targeting C/EPBβ and suppressing C/EPBα and PPARγ by GC exosomal miR-155 was demonstrated to be involved in impairing the differentiation of A-MSCs into adipocytes. The expression of C/EPBβ C/EPBα and PPARγ were rescued through downregulating miR-155 in GC exosomes. Moreover, overexpression of miR-155 improved cancer cachexia in tumor-implanted mice, charactered by weight loss, tumor progression and low expression of C/EPBβ, C/EPBα, and PPARγ in A-MSCs as well as FABP4 in tumor-related adipose tissue. Decreasing level of miR-155 in implanted tumor blocked the anti-adipogenic effects of GC. CONCLUSION: GC exosomsal miR-155 suppressed adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs via targeting C/EPBβ of A-MSCs plays a crucial role in CAC.
Frequency of radial artery occlusion with transradial pneumatic compression band after cardiac catheterization
Authors: Hashmi Kashif Ali , Iqbal Zahid , Hashmi Atif Ali , Shoaib Maira , Irfan Muhammad , Khan Rabeet , Ali Nauman , Khan Amir , Edhi Muhammad M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives Radial artery occlusion is a silent complication of a transradial approach to cardiac catheterization that may complicate subsequent transradial procedures in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. A transradial band reduces vascular complications and provides brisk, powerful and effective haemostasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of radial artery occlusion in 180 patients undergoing transradial coronary catheterization.Results The mean age of the study cohort was 54.19 ± 12.30 years. Radial artery occlusion was found in 14 (7.8%) patients. When stratifying by age group and sex, there was no significant difference in radial artery occlusion between age groups and sex. It was likewise found that comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking, increased the risk of radial artery occlusion however this was observed to be significant only for diabetes mellitus. We therefore conclude that a transradial pneumatic pressure band is an extremely helpful and safe strategy to prevent radial artery occlusion.
Trilobatin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance through IRS-AKT-GLUT4 Signaling Pathway in C2C12 Myotubes and ob/ob Mice
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Lujing , Li Xigan , Wu Yucui , Yin Fei , Liu Jianhui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Trilobatin, a natural compound, has been found to exhibit anti-diabetic properties in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic mice. But up to now no research has been reported on the effect of trilobatin on insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Herein, we determined the effects of trilobatin on insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes and ob/ob mice.Methods: 8-10 weeks of male ob/ob mice and same background C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the role of trilobatin on insulin resistance; Protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by western blot; Glucose uptake was determined a fluorescent test.Results: treatment with trilobatin prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT, recovered the translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane, but preincubation with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, blocked the effects of trilobatin on glucose uptake and the distribution of GLUT4 in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, administration with trilobatin for 4 weeks significantly improved insulin resistance by decreasing fasting blood glucose and insulin in serum, enhancing the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT, and recovering the expression and translocation of GLUT4 in ob/ob mice.Conclusions: IRS-AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway might be involved in trilobatin ameliorating insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese animal models.
Whole metagenomic sequencing reveals different compositions of pathogenic bacteria in patients with appendicitis:Bacterial culture is not suitable as the only therapeutic guidance
Authors: Yuan Jie , Qiu Enming , Han Shuai , Li Zhou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Appendicitis is the result of a combination of factors, including bacterial infection, anatomy, blood supply, and intestinal contents. Previous diagnosis and treatment guidelines have suggested that bacteria are associated with the severity of appendicitis, and the use of postoperative antibiotics should be guided according to the results of intraoperative sample culture. However, this approach has many limitations. Therefore, in the present study, the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and appendicitis was assessed.
Result

We conducted a nonconsecutive case series analysis from January to July 2017. Nineteen patients were divided into two groups according to their intraoperative gross pathology and postoperative histological and bacterial culture results. During appendectomy, the diseased appendices were collected, and whole metagenomic sequencing was performed to identify the pathogenic bacteria in the specimens. We identified 361 species in the appendix samples. Six species in the appendix samples had relative abundances > 5%. No significant differences were observed in the bacterial composition of the three assayed groups. In particular, according to the grouping of culture results, the sequencing analysis results were completely different from those of the culture-based method.
Conclusion

Bacterial culture results are not suitable for exclusively guiding the use of antimicrobial agents after appendicitis. Next-generation sequencing has numerous advantages, such as in precisely characterizing the profiles of microbiota and their antibiotic resistance in appendicitis patients. Based on the above results, we propose that a combination of bacterial culture and next-generation sequencing should be used to improve the efficacy of guiding antibiotic therapy.
Phylogenetic characterization and evolution of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses
Authors: Ahmed Sharnali , Yahiro Takaaki , Emran Nor Amalina , Amit Lia Natasha , Iha Hidekatsu , Ahmed Kamruddin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks by P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largly unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were perforemd to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The P[9] strains could be divided into five lineages, and that the common ancestor of currently circulating P[9] strains is around 168 years old. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the ancestor of the current P[9] strain is relatively recent.
Development and validation of an electronic frailty index using routine electronic health records: an observational study of 49,226 elderly inpatients from a general hospital in China
Authors: Liang Yao-Dan , Xie Yi-Bo , Du Ming-Hui , Shi Jing , Wang Hua , Yang Jie-Fu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Frailty assessment based on routine electronic health records (EHR) may be a good alternative to time-consuming frailty scales. This study mainly aimed to develop and validate an electronic frailty index (eFI) using routine EHR for elderly inpatients and analyse the correlations between frailty and hospitalized events and costs.Methods Based on the cumulative deficit model, we created an eFI from routine EHR. In a prospective cohort, we validated the effectiveness of the eFI by consistency with the comprehensive geriatric assessment-frailty index (CGA-FI). Then, we analysed the correlations between frailty and hospitalized events by logistic regression and costs by generalized linear regression models.Results During the study period, 49,226 elderly inpatients from the EHR were included in the analysis. There were 42,821 (87.0%) patients with sufficient data to calculate an eFI. The cut-off value for the upper tertile of the eFI for these patients was 0.15. A strong correlation between the CGA-FI and eFI was shown in the validation cohort of 685 subjects (Pearson’s r = 0.716, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for an eFI ≥ 0.15 to identify frailty defined as a CGA-FI ≥ 0.25 were 64.8% and 88.7%, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, and operation, an eFI ≥ 0.15 showed an independent association with long hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 2.889, P < 0.001) and death in hospital (OR = 19.97, P < 0.001) for elderly inpatients from all departments. Moreover, after adjusting for age, gender, and operation, eFI values (per 0.1) were positively associated with total costs (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), examination costs (β = 0.269, P < 0.001), treatment costs (β = 0.414, P < 0.001), nursing costs (β = 0.381, P < 0.001), pharmacy costs (β = 0.524, P < 0.001), and material costs (β = 0.578, P < 0.001) for elderly inpatients from all departments.Conclusions It is feasible to develop an effective eFI from routine EHR for elderly inpatients from a general hospital in China. Frailty is an independent risk factor for long hospital stay and death in hospital. As the degree of frailty increases, the hospitalized costs for elderly inpatients increase accordingly.
Conditional disruption of AMP kinase in dopaminergic neurons promotes Parkinson’s disease-associated phenotypes in mice
Authors: Hang Liting , Goh Geraldine W.Y. , Wang Ziyin , Choong Huey Ching , Thundyil John , Xu Shengli , Lam Kong Peng , Lim Kah-Leong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Emerging studies implicate energy dysregulation as an underlying trigger for Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting that a better understanding of the molecular pathways governing energy homeostasis could help elucidate therapeutic targets for the disease. A critical cellular energy regulator is AMP kinase (AMPK), which we have previously shown to be protective in PD. However, precisely how AMPK function impacts on dopaminergic neuronal survival and disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we created a tissue-specific AMPK-knockout mouse model where the catalytic subunits of AMPK are ablated in nigral dopaminergic neurons. Using this model, we demonstrated that loss of AMPK function promotes dopaminergic neurodegeneration and associated locomotor aberrations. Accompanying this is a substantial reduction in the number of mitochondria in the surviving AMPK-deficient nigral dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that an impairment in mitochondrial biogenesis may underlie the observed PD-associated phenotypes. Importantly, the loss of AMPK function enhances the susceptibility of nigral dopaminergic neurons in these mice to 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of neuronal energy homeostasis by AMPK in PD and position AMPK pathway as an attractive target for future therapeutic exploitation.
Can indices of myocardial damage predict carbon monoxide poisoning outcomes?
Authors: Koga Hitoshi , Tashiro Hideki , Mukasa Kouta , Inoue Tomohiro , Okamoto Aya , Urabe Shougo , Sagara Shuuichirou , Yano Kazumi , Onitsuka Kouhei , Yamashita Hisashi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Carbon monoxide causes electrical, functional, and morphological changes in the heart. It is not clear, however, whether the indices of myocardial damage can predict the patient’s prognosis after carbon monoxide poisoning. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relation between the carboxyhemoglobin level and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and whether the ECG changes and troponin I levels are related to the patient’s prognosis after carbon monoxide poisoning.
Results

Carboxyhemoglobin, troponin I, and ECG parameters were measured in 70 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. The QT and RR intervals were measured for each ECG lead in all patients, and the corrected QT interval and corrected QT dispersion were calculated. The correlation between the maximum corrected QT interval and the carboxyhemoglobin level was significant (P = 0.0072, R2 = 0.1017), as were the relationships between QT dispersion and carboxyhemoglobin (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.2358) and the corrected QT dispersion and carboxyhemoglobin (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.2613). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that the significant predictors of sequential disability were hyperbaric oxygen therapy (P = 0.0182), corrected QT dispersion (P = 0.0062), and troponin I level (P = 0.0002).
Conclusions

Patients’ prognosis following carbon monoxide poisoning can be predicted based on corrected QT dispersion and the troponin I level. Patients with myocardial damage should be monitored not only for their cardiovascular outcome but also for their neurological outcome and their prognosis.