bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical changes during 4 weeks ripening of Camembert cheeses salted with four types of salts
Authors: Bae Hyung Churl , Nam Joong Hyeon , Renchinkhand Gereltuya , Choi Suk-Ho , Nam Myoung Soo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of Camembert cheeses salted with 4 types of salts (refined salt, baked refined salt, sun-dried salt, and Himalayan rock salt) during 4 weeks ripening period. The pH of Camembert cheese was 7.2 in the sun-dried salt, which was the highest than the other three types of salts. The viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts after 4 weeks ripening of the cheeses with 4 types of salts were 1.4 × 108, 1.6 × 108, 1.3 × 108, and 1.3 × 108 CFU/ml, respectively. The water soluble nitrogen level of the cheese salted with Himalayan rock salt was the highest (109.23 µg/g) among those of all the cheeses at 4 weeks ripening. Organic acids in all the cheeses decreased as the ripening period advanced. Protein hydrolysis proceeded faster refined salted cheese than other salted cheeses after 4 weeks ripening. Octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid (volatile fatty acid) which were detected in the cheeses with refined salt and Himalayan rock salt were lower than those with baked refined salt and sun-dried salt. In terms of textural characteristics there were substantially steep decreases in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness after 4 weeks ripening, while springiness and cohesiveness decreased less in all the Camembert cheeses. With respect to sensory properties, the taste score of the cheese with refined salt were significantly higher than those with baked refined salt, sun-dried salt and Himalayan rock salt. These results suggested that the refined salt should be recommended for Camembert cheese making.
The ultimate preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a prognostic factor for survival after pancreatic cancer resection
Authors: van Wijk Laura , de Klein Guus W. , Kanters Matthijs A. , Patijn Gijs A. , Klaase Joost M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence indicates that an elevated C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) may be associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Further evidence showing that this ratio has significant prognostic value could contribute to current prediction models and clinical decision-making.

Methods
Data were analysed of consecutive patients who underwent curative pancreatic resection between 2013 and 2018 and were histologically diagnosed with PDAC. We investigated the relation between the ultimate preoperative CAR and overall survival.

Results
A total of 163 patients were analysed. Median overall survival was 18 months (IQR 9–36). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a higher CAR (HR 1.745, P = 0.004), a higher age (HR 1.062, P < 0.001), male sex (HR 1.977, P = 0.001), poor differentiation grade (HR 2.812, P < 0.001), and positive para-aortic lymph node(s) (HR 4.489, P < 0.001) were associated with a lower overall survival. Furthermore, a CAR ≥ 0.2 was associated with decreased overall survival (16 vs. 26 months, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that an ultimate preoperative elevated CAR is an independent indicator of decreased overall survival after resection for PDAC. The preoperative CAR may be of additional value to the current prediction models.
A silver nanowire-based flexible pressure sensor to measure the non-nutritive sucking power of neonates
Authors: de Oliveira Jean G. , Muhammad Tausif , Kim Sohee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPreterm infants are prone to have higher risks of morbidity, disability and developmental delay compared to term infants. The primitive reflexes, inborn behaviors found in early life development, are shown to be a good tool to assess the integrity of the central nervous system of infants and to predict potential malfunctions. Among these reflexes, the non-nutritive sucking reflex plays an important role in indicating congenital abnormalities in brain development and feeding readiness, especially for premature infants. Conventionally, pediatricians evaluate the oral sucking power qualitatively based on their experiences, by using a gloved finger put inside the infant’s mouth. Thus, more quantitative solutions to assess the sucking power of preterm infants are necessary to support healthcare professionals in their evaluation procedures. Here, we developed a silver nanowire (AgNW)-based flexible pressure sensor to measure the non-nutritive sucking power of infants. The flexible sensor was fabricated using silver nanowires deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a sandwich-like structure. The sensor based on the principle of strain gauge was attached to a ring-shaped connecting module, and then to a pacifier. The negative sucking pressure exerted by the infant deformed the sensor membrane, causing its electrical resistance to change without any contact between the infant’s mouth and the sensing element. The fabricated sensor was characterized and optimized to achieve both the suitable sensitivity and stability. Thanks to the excellent long-term electro-mechanical stability and high sensitivity, the developed sensor is expected to provide the means to quantitatively assess the non-nutritive sucking of infants, with a portable, low-cost, non-invasive and light-weight solution.
Xenograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was associated with high graft processing infection
Authors: Van Der Merwe Willem , Lind Martin , Faunø Peter , Van Egmond Kees , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcacci Maurilio , Cugat Ramon , Verdonk Rene , Ibañez Enrique , Guillen Pedro , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate clinical ad radiological outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an immunochemically modified porcine patellar tendon xenograft controlled against human Achilles tendon allograft at 24-month minimum follow-up.Methods66 patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were randomized into 2 groups: 34 allografts and 32 xenografts treated to attenuate the host immune response. Follow-up was 24-month minimum. Anterior knee stability was measured as KT − 1000 side-to-side laxity difference (respect to the contralateral healthy knee). Functional performance was assessed by one-legged hop test. Objective manual pivot-shift test and subjective (IKDC, Tegner and SF-36) outcomes were collected. MRI and standard X-Ray were performed.Results61 subjects (32 allograft, 29 xenograft) were evaluated at 12 and 24 months. Six of the subjects in xenograft group (20.6%) got an infection attributed to a water-based pathogen graft contamination in processing.Intention-to-treat analysis (using the last observation carried forward imputation method) revealed higher KT − 1000 laxity in xenograft group at 24-month follow-up (P = .042). Also pivot-shift was higher in xenograft group at 12-month (P = .015) and 24-month follow-up (P = .038).Per-protocol analysis (missing/contaminated subjects excluded) did not revealed clinical differences between groups.Tibial tunnel widening in the allograft group was low, whereas xenograft tunnel widening was within the expected range of 20–35% as reported in the literature.No immunological reactivity was associated to xenograft group.ConclusionsHigh infection rate (20.6%) was reported in xenograft group. Both groups of patients achieved comparable clinical outcomes if missing/contaminated subjects are excluded. Improved harvesting/processing treatments in future studies using xenografts for ACL reconstruction are needed to reduce infection rate, otherwise xenograft should not be used in ACL reconstruction.Level of evidenceMulticenter and double-blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Level I.
Extracellular volume fraction measurement correlates with lymphocyte abundance in thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Chang Chao-Chun , Lin Chia-Ying , Chu Chang-Yao , Hsiung Yi-Cheng , Chuang Ming-Tsung , Tseng Yau-Lin , Yen Yi-Ting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent advance in tissue characterization with parametric mapping imaging has the potential to be a novel biomarker for histopathologic correlation with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). The purpose of our study is to evaluate MRI T1 mapping with the calculation of extracellular volume (ECV) fraction for histologic correlation with thymic epithelial tumor based on lymphocyte abundance.

Methods
A retrospective study including 31 consecutive patients (14 men and 17 women, median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 12 years) with TETs was performed. The T1 values and ECV were assessed by using quantitative MRI mapping techniques. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to assess discrimination between different types of TETs based on lymphocyte abundance.

Results
Extracellular volume was significantly higher in TETs with sparse lymphocyte, including type A, type B3, and thymic carcinoma, compared with those with abundant lymphocyte, including type B1, B2, and AB thymomas (42.5% vs 26.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Extracellular volume was significantly higher in thymic carcinoma compared with low grade and high grade thymomas (48.6% vs 31.1% vs 27.6%, respectively; p = 0.002).

Conclusions
T1 mapping with the calculation of extracellular volume (ECV) fraction correlate with the WHO histologic classification of thymic epithelial tumor based on lymphocyte abundance.
Biotic and environmental changes in the Panthalassa Ocean across the Norian (Late Triassic) impact event
Authors: Sato Honami , Takaya Yutaro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Fujinaga Koichiro , Onoue Tetsuji , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStratigraphic records of impact ejecta preserved in a pelagic deep-sea setting occur within Upper Triassic successions of the subduction-generated accretionary complexes of central Japan. A significant biotic turnover in radiolarians occurred during the ~ 300 kyr time interval after the impact event, which is characterized by a remarkable reduction in the burial flux of radiolarian silica. However, the nature of the environmental conditions at this time remains unclear. To investigate the environmental changes that triggered a decline in radiolarian burial flux after the impact event, geochemical proxies (major, trace, and rare earth elements) were applied to the middle–upper Norian (Upper Triassic) bedded chert succession of the Mino Belt, central Japan. A progressive environmental deterioration is evident from (1) a post-impact shutdown of burial flux of primary and silica- and apatite-secreting organisms; and (2) a subsequent abrupt increase in chemical weathering associated with a sustained reduction in the burial flux of radiolarian silica. No significant redox changes were observed across the impact event. The continental weathering proxies suggest a transient increase in weathering intensity occurred during the decline of radiolarian burial flux, likely in response to a short-term warm and humid period. Our results delineate a remarkable record of progressive environmental changes in the Panthalassa Ocean after this large impact event.
Successful treatment with positive airway pressure ventilation for tension pneumopericardium after pericardiocentesis in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Tani Makiko , Kanazawa Tomoyuki , Shioji Naohiro , Shimizu Kazuyoshi , Iwasaki Tatsuo , Morimatsu Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumopericardium in neonates is often associated with respiratory diseases, of which positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is an exacerbating factor. Here, we present a neonate case of pneumopericardium after cardiac surgery which was resolved after applying PPV.Case presentationA 28-day-old neonate with left recurrent nerve palsy after aortic reconstruction for interrupted aortic arch developed pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis was performed under general anesthesia, and a drainage tube was left in the pericardium. After extubation, stridor gradually exacerbated, following hemodynamic deterioration. A chest X-ray demonstrated pneumopericardium. Upper airway stenosis due to recurrent nerve palsy developed excessive negative pleural pressure, and air was drawn into pericardium via the insertion site of the drainage tube. After tracheal intubation and applying PPV, the pneumopericardium improved.ConclusionPPV does not always exacerbate pneumopericardium. In a patient with pericardial-atmosphere communication, increased inspiration effort can cause pneumopericardium, and PPV is a therapeutic option to alleviate the pneumopericardium.
Prevalence of peripheral arterial diseases in patients with large artery ischemic stroke and its prognostic value
Authors: Farag Sherien , Elbalkimy Mahmoud , Elbassiouny Ahmed , George John , Fathy Mai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) can be an important predictor of comorbid cerebrovascular disease (CVD). However, it is not sufficiently investigated or considered in the management and prevention of stroke.

Objectives
To study the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in large artery ischemic stroke patients and its impact on prognosis.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 100 patients with large artery ischemic stroke were enrolled with assessment for signs of PAD; duplex on both lower limb arteries and measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid duplex, and/or C.T angiography brain and neck and/or conventional angiography; functional assessment by NIHSS at days 0, 7, and 30; and follow-up for recurrence or death after 6 months.

Results
Peripheral arterial disease was found in 42% of cases. Fifty percent of patients with lower extremity arterial disease were asymptomatic. Fifty percent had significant carotid stenosis (stenosis > 50%), and 48% of patients with significant carotid stenosis had peripheral arterial disease. During our study, 8 cases had a recurrence of large artery ischemic stroke, and 5 cases (62.5%) had PAD. The recurrence rate of stroke was the highest in the asymptomatic PAD group with 19%.

Conclusion
The prevalence of PAD in large artery ischemic stroke patients is high. Asymptomatic PAD has a risk potential for large artery ischemic stroke recurrence and mortality more than symptomatic PAD and non-PAD patients.
‘They don’t quite understand the importance of what we’re doing today’: the young people’s climate strikes as subaltern activism
Authors: Bowman Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundYouth-led movements like #FridaysforFuture and the school strikes for climate (henceforth referred to as the climate strikes) are leading calls for action on climate change worldwide. This paper reports on a thematic analysis of protest signs, and interviews with young climate strikers, at a climate strike in Manchester, UK, in 2019.ResultsThis paper explores the ways in which dominant, adult-centred frameworks for conceptualizing young people’s environmental activism tend to obscure the complexities of the climate strike movement. In contrast, this study examines the complex political activism of climate strikers as a ‘subaltern group’, who take political action in a wider context of intersecting categories of oppression and marginalization – including youth as a category of marginalization – and in the historical context of environmental racism, the enduring legacies of colonialism, and global inequality during contemporary capitalism.ConclusionsThe article develops a theoretical model for future research, based on a model of two constraining frames that limit analysis of the climate strikes in particular and young people’s environmental activism in general. This paper contributes to a step change in methods for the study of this remarkable movement in a global context.
Baseline Framingham risk score does not predict future ECG-derived QRS duration over an average of 3.3 years
Authors: Stone Elijah , Zhou Yuling , Jelinek Herbert , Mclachlan Craig S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS duration has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether the main predictor of cardiovascular risk, the Framingham risk score also predicts short-term changes in ECG QRS duration. Our aim is to determine whether baseline Framingham risk score is associated with baseline or changes in QRS duration.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using observational data obtained from two hundred two participants. Framingham risk score was calculated using an online risk calculator. QRS duration was obtained using a 10 s trace from a Welch Allyn PC-based 12-lead ECG system.

Results
Average follow-up duration was 3.3 ± 1.1 years. Mean QRS change was 1.8 ± 11.4 ms. Specifically, among two hundred two participants, there are 104 subjects with a greater QRS duration at follow-up, while 98 subjects had the same or a shorter follow-up QRS duration. Baseline Framingham risk score did not significantly predict an increase in QRSd with an odds ratio of 1.04 (P = 0.230). Regression analysis of QRS duration at baseline and Framingham risk at baseline had a weak association (R2 = 0.020; P = 0.043). The Framingham risk score at follow-up was likewise has a weak association with follow-up QRS duration (R2 = 0.045; P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Our results do not demonstrate a statistically significant association between Framingham risk parameters and future QRS duration changes over longitudinal time. QRS duration had variable changes between baseline and follow-up. This might suggest that a longer period of follow-up is required to document more stable increases in QRS duration associated with ventricular pathology. A larger population study is needed to confirm our observations.
Unexpected effects of ivermectin and selamectin on inducible CreER activity in mice
Authors: Kropp Peter A. , Rushing Gabrielle V. , Brockman Asa A. , Yu Erin N. Z. , Ihrie Rebecca A. , Gannon Maureen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-parasitics are frequently used in research animal facilities to treat a multitude of common infections, with pinworms and fur mites being amongst the most common. Ivermectin and selamectin are common oral and topical treatments for these infections, respectively. Although commonly thought to be innocuous to both the research animals and any transgenic elements that the animals may carry, evidence exists that ivermectin is capable of activating the recombinase activity of at least one CreER. The goal of the current study was to determine if there was an effect of either anti-parasitic agent on the activity of CreER proteins in transgenic mice.

Case presentation
We analyzed the offspring of transgenic mice exposed to either ivermectin or selamectin during pregnancy and nursing. Through analysis of reporter genes co-expressed with multiple, independently generated transgenic CreER drivers, we report here that ivermectin and selamectin both alter recombinase activity and thus may have unintended consequences on gene inactivation studies in mice.

Conclusions
Although the mechanisms by which ivermectin and selamectin affect CreER activity in the offspring of treated dams remain unclear, the implications are important nonetheless. Treatment of pregnant transgenic mice with these anti-parasitics has the potential to alter transgene activity in the offspring. Special considerations should be made when planning treatment of transgenic mice with either of these pharmacologics.
Ultrasonic pitch and catch technique for non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Zatar Wael A. , Nguyen Hai D. , Nghiem Hien M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims at evaluating reinforced concrete (RC) bridge elements using ultrasonic pitch and catch (UPC) non-destructive testing (NDT) technique. A validation reinforced concrete slab with two embedded layers of rebars and artificial defects (voids, honeycombs, and debondings) was designed and tested. A commercial UPC NDT device (hereafter called “UPC device”), which is based on the ultrasonic shear-wave test method using dry-point-contact transmitting and receiving transducers in a “pitch-catch” configuration, was used to map internal defects of the validation RC slab. The recorded data from the UPC device was analyzed using a modified synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). A software was developed to reconstruct 2-D images of the RC slab cross-sections using novel signal filtering and processing techniques. The results revealed that the 2-D image reconstructed from the developed software accurately exhibited locations and horizontal dimensions of the steel rebars, voids, and debondings. In addition, the developed software was capable to provide much higher resolution and sharper images of the anomalies inside the RC slab compared to the UPC device’s proprietary imaging software.
Etiological profile of upper airway obstruction in infants
Authors: Abo Elmagd Essam , El Hawary Bahaa , Hassan Megahed M. , Kassem Hanem , El Tahan Abd El Rahman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory distress is recognized as any sign of breathing difficulty in infants. Some congenital anomalies present immediately with airway distress, while others are asymptomatic or discovered later in infancy or childhood. Our objectives are to detect different laryngeal causes of respiratory distress in infants and to measure the relative risk of some variables like age, sex, family history, and other congenital anomalies for developing laryngeal causes of respiratory distress. This observational cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from June 2017 to December 2018 at Children’s University Hospital. The study included 80 infants who presented with respiratory distress and admitted to the hospital. All patients subjected to a detailed history from their parents and full general and ENT examinations. X-ray, MSCT neck or direct laryngoscope were carried out in selected cases.ResultsAs regard age, 58% of cases were between 1–6 months, 28% of cases between 6 months and 1 year, and 14% between 1–2 years. Laryngeal causes of respiratory distress among infants were distributed as follow: 70% laryngomalacia, 18% subglottic stenosis, 8% laryngeal web, and 4% of cases were caused by vocal fold paralysis (VFP). The laryngeal causes of respiratory distress did not reveal any statistically significant difference among different age groups or between both genders (P = 0.257, 0.286; respectively). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between infants with positive family history and those without as regard the laryngeal causes of respiratory distress (P = .378).ConclusionThe majority of respiratory distress cases (58%) were between 1–6 months. Bivariant analysis of variables age, sex, family history, and other congenital anomalies showed that they were not potent risk factors for developing laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, and vocal fold paralysis. Laryngomalacia represented the commonest cause of respiratory distress (70%) followed by subglottic stenosis (18%), then laryngeal web (8%), and finally the vocal fold paralysis represented the least percentage (4%). Apart from laryngomalacia, the percentages of other causes seem to vary according to sample size and geographic area of study. So, being familiar with the common causes of respiratory distress in a given region is very essential in order not to miss a potentially life-threatening diagnosis.