bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 promotes expression of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Mao Rudi , Tan Xiao , Xiao Ying , Wang Xinyu , Wei Zhixing , Wang Jianing , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhou Huaiyu , Zhang Lining , Shi Yongyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProgrammed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expressed on cancer cells can cause immune escape of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of the PD‐L1 expression is a prerequisite for establishing new tumor immunotherapy strategies. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a regulator of cellular signaling transduction that is aberrantly expressed in NSCLC. However, it is not known whether UCHL1 regulates the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cells. In the present study, we found that UCHL1 promotes the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cell lines. In addition, UCHL1 expressed in NSCLC cells inhibited activation of Jurkat cells through upregulation of PD‐L1 expression in in vitro experiments. Moreover, UCHL1 upregulates PD‐L1 expression through facilitating activation of the AKT‐P65 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that UCHL1 promoted PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells. This finding implied that inhibition of UCHL1 might suppress immune escape of NSCLC through downregulation of PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells.
Soluble Vegfr3 gene therapy suppresses multi‐organ metastasis in a mouse mammary cancer model
Authors: Shibata Masa‐Aki , Shibata Eiko , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Shiraoka Chinatsu , Kondo Yoichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence on the association of VEGF‐C with lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis implicates lymphatic vessels as a potential target in anti‐cancer therapy. To evaluate whether blocking VEGF‐C and VEGFR‐3 signaling can inhibit multi‐organ metastases, a mouse metastatic mammary cancer model was subjected to gene therapy using a soluble VEGFR‐3 expression vector (psVEGFR‐3). We showed that psVEGFR‐3 significantly diminished cell growth in vitro with or without added VEGF‐C, and significantly reduced primary tumor growth and tumor metastases to wide‐spectrum organs in vivo. Although apoptotic cell death and angiogenesis levels did not differ between the control and psVEGFR‐3 groups, cell proliferation and lymphangiogenesis in the mammary tumors were significantly decreased in the psVEGFR‐3 group. Furthermore, lymphatic vessel invasion was significantly inhibited in this group. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis revealed significantly high expression of the Vegfr3 gene due to gene therapy, and the transcriptional levels of Pcna and Lyve1 tended to decrease in the psVEGFR‐3 group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that phospho‐tyrosine expression was considerably lower in tumor cells of psVEGFR‐3‐treated mammary carcinomas than those of control tumors. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that phospho‐tyrosine+/LYVE‐1+ (a lymphatic vessel marker) tended to decrease in psVEGFR‐3‐treated mammary carcinomas compared with control mice, indicating a decline in the activity of the VEGF‐C/VEGFR‐3 axis. These findings showed that a blockade of VEGF‐C/VEGFR‐3 signaling caused by sVEGFR‐3 sequestered VEGF‐C and prevented the side‐effects of anti‐angiogenesis and suppressed overall metastases, suggesting their high clinical significance.
Hoof kinetic patterns differ between sound and laminitic horses
Authors: Al Naem Mohamad , Litzke Lutz‐Ferdinand , Failing Klaus , Burk Janina , Röcken Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo kinetic data on hoof loading in laminitic horses are available, despite their importance for optimising supportive shoeing therapies.ObjectivesTo quantify the load distribution pattern in laminitic and sound horses.Study designControlled observational study.MethodsFifty‐four sound and laminitic horses were assigned to three groups: control group (sound horses), group 1 (G1) horses with acute laminitis, evaluated immediately after acute clinical signs subsided, and group 2 (G2) horses that had been free of acute laminitis signs for 6‐12 weeks. Measurements on both forelimbs in barefoot condition were performed during walk using the Hoof™ System. Kinetic parameters were recorded and compared between hoof regions and groups using covariance analyses and t tests (P < .05).ResultsPeak loading in the toe region occurred during midstance phase in control group, but during break‐over in laminitic horses. This is reflected by the time to peak vertical force in the toe, which was significantly shorter in the control group compared to laminitic horses (G1 and G2) (76% ± 6% vs 89% ± 9 [P = .002], 86% ± 7 [P = .001] of stance duration respectively). The relative vertical force in the toe in the control group (46% ± 7%) was significantly higher compared to laminitic horses (G1: 29% ± 9% [P = .001]; G2: 32% ± 10% [P = .003]). The main shift of the load occurred between toe and middle hoof regions in laminitic horses as compared with the control group. No significant differences were found between G1 and G2.Main limitationsMeasurements were not obtained in horses with acute laminitis on admission, to avoid risk of further damage to the lamellae.ConclusionsSupportive therapy in laminitis should focus on supporting both caudal and middle hoof areas to decrease the peak pressure in these regions, and ease break‐over during which the maximal loading of the toe occurs.
Dynamic changes in American lobster suitable habitat distribution on the Northeast U.S. Shelf linked to oceanographic conditions
Authors: Mazur Mackenzie D. , Friedland Kevin D. , McManus M. Conor , Goode Andrew G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmerican lobster (Homarus americanus) supports one of the most valuable regional fisheries in the United States, with its abundance and distribution profoundly influenced by environmental conditions. To explain how lobster distribution has changed over time and assess the role of environmental variables on these changes, we used random forest classification and regression tree models to estimate occupancy and biomass in two seasonal periods. The occupancy models were fit to static and dynamic variables, which yielded model fits with AUC scores of 0.80 and 0.78 for spring and fall, respectively. Biomass models were fit with the same data and resulted in models explaining 61% and 63% of the spring and fall biomass variance, respectively. Significant variables scored in the formation of the regression trees were secondary productivity (i.e., zooplankton), bathymetry characteristics, and temperature. American lobster suitable habitat has changed regionally; habitat has increased in the Gulf of Maine and declined in Southern New England. There is also evidence of declining habitat along the inshore margin of the Gulf of Maine, which has been accompanied by a shift in occupancy probability offshore. Habitat suitability results from the random forest models provide insights on the structure and function of lobster habitat and context to understand recent population trends.
Hemoglobin‐bound platelets correlate with the increased platelet activity in hemoglobin E/β‐thalassemia
Authors: Chamchoi Attaphon , Srihirun Sirada , Paiboonsukwong Kittiphong , Sriwantana Thanaporn , Kongkaew Peerawich , Fucharoen Suthat , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Sibmooh Nathawut 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAn increase in platelet activity is a contributing factor to vascular complications in hemoglobin E/β‐thalassemia (HbE/β‐thal). Plasma‐free hemoglobin (Hb) increases in HbE/β‐thal patients and correlates with platelet activation, but the levels of Hb‐bound platelets have never been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of Hb‐bound platelets and its association with platelet activity in HbE/β‐thal patients.MethodsHb‐bound platelets were measured by flow cytometry in 22 healthy subjects and 26 HbE/β‐thal patients (16 nonsplenectomized and 10 splenectomized HbE/β‐thal patients). Plasma Hb was measured by the chemiluminescence method based on the consumption of nitric oxide (NO) by Hb. Expression of P‐selectin and activated glycoprotein (aGP) IIb/IIIa on platelets was measured by flow cytometry as a marker of platelet activity.ResultsBoth nonsplenectomized and splenectomized HbE/β‐thal patients had higher levels of Hb‐bound platelets and plasma Hb than healthy subjects. In vitro incubation of dialyzed Hb from patients with platelets of healthy subjects caused an increase in Hb‐bound platelets, which was partially inhibited by anti‐GPIbα antibody. Plasma Hb positively correlated with Hb‐bound platelets. Platelet P‐selectin expression at baseline and in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 1 µM) stimulation was higher in nonsplenectomized and splenectomized HbE/β‐thal patients than healthy subjects. The ADP‐induced aGPIIb/IIIa expression on platelets was also higher in HbE/β‐thal patients than healthy subjects. Hb‐bound platelets correlated with baseline P‐selectin expression and ADP‐induced P‐selectin expression.ConclusionHbE/β‐thal patients have increased Hb‐bound platelets, which is associated with increased baseline platelet activation and reactivity.
Investigation burden for patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease at the end of life
Authors: Guo Hui , Mann Jennifer , Goh Nicole , Smallwood Natasha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFibrotic interstitial lung disease (f‐ILD) has a guarded prognosis, and the goal of therapy in advanced‐stage disease should be symptom‐based. Despite this, patients may still undergo burdensome investigation at the end of life. A retrospective audit was performed on 67 patients who died from f‐ILD at the Royal Melbourne and Austin Hospitals between 2012 and 2016. Increased investigation burden was associated with lack of outpatient palliative care referral and documented advance care plan, and admission to a high‐dependency unit. Eighteen per cent of patients underwent ongoing investigations after the institution of comfort care. These findings highlight the unmet end‐of‐life care needs of people with f‐ILD.
Complicated skin and soft tissue infections in remote indigenous communities
Authors: Thomas Lauren , Bowen Asha C. , Tong Steven Y. C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe burden and consequences of skin infections for remote living indigenous people are high. While skin infections are recognised as an antecedent to conditions such as acute rheumatic fever in children, data are limited concerning skin infection complications such as cellulitis, abscesses and osteomyelitis in older children and adults. In a 1‐year retrospective audit of 439 patients presenting to two remote health clinics, 330/439 (75%) patients presented with a skin infection and 18 (4%) developed a complication.
Don't forget shared decision‐making in the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Simpson Nicholas , Milnes Sharyn , Steinfort Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanical ventilation as a resource is limited and may lead to poor outcomes in at‐risk populations. Critical care supports may not be preferred by those at risk of deterioration in the COVID‐19 setting. Patient‐centred communication and shared decision‐making should continue to remain central to clinical practice.
The critical points of production rate under vendor–buyer coordination: explicit solutions
Authors: David Israel , Herbon Avi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper revisits the deterministic joint vendor–buyer production‐inventory problem and assumes that the production rate can be controlled. To guard against unwarranted extreme solutions, such as too abrupt production or, on the other hand, everlasting production aligned with demand, we place lower and upper bounds on the production rate. In addition, we incorporate an independent upper bound on the overall cycle of producing and remaining idle. Through identifying several critical points of the production rate, we solve the resulting problem for the optimal triplet (P, Q, n), where P is the constant production rate, a key decision variable, Q is the entire lot size produced in a cycle, and n is the number of equal successive shipments of this lot to the buyer. Our own treatment is purely analytical, which adds value from a theoretical perspective. Worst values of the production rate, when the other decision values are optimal for P, are found. We prove that only two production rates, the lowest and the highest, can yield minimal joint costs, and we identify which of the two is optimal under given relative positions of the defined critical points. Numerical illustration indicates that the joint cost sharply increases for small values of the bound on the overall cycle length. This study highlights the importance of solving variants of the suggested model and of developing managerial alternatives that relax this constraint as much as possible.
A Q‐methodology study of the type of support mentors need when assessing underperforming nursing students
Authors: Gronvik Cecilie K. U. , Hauge Kari W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify and describe patterns of the shared viewpoints of nurse mentors about the support obtained from link lecturer in assessing underperforming students.DesignNon‐experimental, exploratory research design.MethodsQ‐methodology was applied to explore the viewpoints of 26 mentors about support. The data were collected from May–September 2018. During the development of the Q‐set, we combined a naturalistic and theoretical approach, resulting in 27 statements. The participants ranked statements into a Q‐sort grid. PQ‐Method 2.35 software was used to perform a principal component analysis to identify different patterns of the mentors' viewpoints.ResultsFive factors of shared viewpoints, which accounted for 62% of the total variance, were derived from the factor analysis: (a) Confident in professional assessment and expects respect from link lecturer; (b) confident about the limit but need guidance in documentation. (c) Confident in the assessment but need support to manage concerns; (d) require knowledge and skills but not emotional support; and (e) dialogue and collaboration rather than information.ConclusionsBased on our findings, all mentors need different types of support from the link lecturer, depending on their experience as a mentor and nurse and educational credits in mentorship. The central principle identified in this study was that mentors need to feel secure in their role. The accessibility, approachability, and willingness of the link lecturer to participate in dialogue and collaboration are important, but emotional support is not.ImpactOur findings provide insights into the type of support mentors need when assessing underperforming students. The findings highlight the necessity of a link lecturer who is accessible and is meeting the mentors' need for knowledge and skills about assessment and mentoring. The nurse education programme must prioritize resources to ensure that the link lecturer can follow‐up with the student and the mentor.
Decision‐making among the substitute decision makers in intensive care units: An investigation of decision control preferences and decisional conflicts
Authors: Wu Feixia , Zhuang Yiyu , Chen Xiangping , Wen Huan , Tao Wenwen , Lao Yuewen , Zhou Hongchang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore decision control preferences and decisional conflicts and to analyse their association among the surrogate decision makers in the intensive care unit.DesignThe study carried out a cross‐sectional survey among the surrogates.MethodsThe participants were 115 surrogate decision makers of critical patients, from August to September 2019. A Chi‐squared test and logistic regression were used to assess decision control preferences and decisional conflicts, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was employed to examine their association.ResultsOf the 115 surrogate decision makers, 51.3% preferred a collaborative role, and 63.48% were somewhat unsure about making decisions. Logistic regression analysis identified decision control preferences was associated with surrogates’ age, education level, and personality traits, while decisional conflicts was associated with surrogates’ age, education level, character, medical expense burden, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation‐II score. Cohen's kappa statistics showed a bad concordance of decision‐making expectations and actuality, with kappa values of 0.158 (p < .05). Wherein surrogates who experienced discordance between their preferred and actual roles, have relatively higher decisional conflicts.ConclusionThis study identified individual differences of surrogate decision makers in decision control preferences and decisional conflicts. These results imply that incorporation of the individual decision preferences and communication styles into care plans is an important first step to develop high quality decision support.ImpactThis research is a contribution to the limited study on decision control preferences and decisional conflicts among surrogate decision makers of critically ill patients. Moreover based on the investigation of understanding the status and related factors of decision preferences and decisional conflicts set the stage for developing effective decision support interventions.
Thriving with Down syndrome: A qualitative multiple case study
Authors: Thompson Talia , Talapatra Devadrita , Hazel Cynthia E. , Coleman Jeanine , Cutforth Nicholas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Prior research has primarily focused on associated medical problems and skill deficits. This study takes a novel positive psychology approach by examining critical individual characteristics and environmental factors that facilitate exceptional quality of life for people with DS.MethodA qualitative multiple case study design was used to document the lives of four adults thriving with DS. Thriving was defined as high subjective well‐being coupled with continued personal development.ResultsDescriptive contexts were provided for each case along with four overarching themes: a supportive social ecology, high expectations for independence, advocacy, and strengths facilitating happiness. A new conceptual framework for understanding thriving with DS was proposed.ConclusionsThese findings provide insight as to what is possible for people with DS, including ideas for future research and practice to promote thriving in the DS population.
Infiltration efficiency and subsurface water processes of a sustainable drainage system and consequences to flood management
Authors: Archer Nicole A. L. , Bell Rachel A. , Butcher Andrew S. , Bricker Stephanie H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith increased intensity rainfall events globally and urban expansion decreasing permeable surfaces, there is an increasing problem of urban flooding. This study aims to better understand rainfall infiltration into a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) permeable pavement, compared with an adjacent Green Area of made ground, in relationship to groundwater levels below both areas. Both areas were instrumented with soil water content and matric potential sensors and four shallow boreholes were instrumented with groundwater level sensors. Surface infiltration rates were measured using a double‐ring infiltrometer. Results showed that average infiltration rates of the SuDS (1,925 mm/hr) were significantly higher than the Green Area (56 mm/hr). The SuDS was well designed to transfer rainfall rapidly to the aquifer below, where groundwater levels rapidly rose within 1 hr of a 1 in 30 year event (32.8 mm/hr). In comparison, soil compaction of the made ground Green Area decreased infiltration rates, but still enabled the majority of rainfall events to infiltrate. The aquifer below the Green Area responded more slowly, as lower matrix potentials facilitated water retention in the soil profile, slowing water draining to the aquifer. This work reiterates the importance of ensuring a 1 m separation depth between the base of the SuDS infiltration zone and aquifer depth.
Effect of prophylactic closure on adverse events after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Mingqing , Zhang Yangyu , Wang Yueqi , Zhu He , Xu Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has a high en bloc resection rate and is widely performed for large colorectal lesions. However, colorectal ESD is associated with a high frequency of adverse events (AEs), and the efficacy of prophylactic endoscopic closure after ESD for preventing AEs is still controversial. This meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of closure on AEs following colorectal ESD.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies. The chi‐square‐based Q statistics and the I2 test were used to test for heterogeneity. Pooling was conducted using a fixed or random effects model.ResultsWe identified eight eligible studies that compared the effects of closure vs non‐closure with respect to delayed bleeding, delayed perforation, and post‐ESD coagulation syndrome. Compared with non‐closure (5.2%), closure was associated with a lower incidence (0.9%) of delayed bleeding (pooled odd ratios [ORs]:0.19, 95% CI: 0.08–0.49) following ESD. The pooled ORs showed no significant differences in incidence of delayed perforation (pooled OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05–1.03) or post‐ESD coagulation syndrome (pooled OR:0.75; 95% CI: 0.26–2.18) between the closure and non‐closure groups.ConclusionProphylactic endoscopic closure may reduce the incidence of delayed bleeding following ESD of colorectal lesions. Future studies are needed to further illuminate risk factors and stratify high risk subjects for a cost‐effective preventive strategy.
Quantitative phase‐mode electrostatic force microscopy on silicon oxide nanostructures
Authors: ALBONETTI C. , CHIODINI S. , ANNIBALE P. , STOLIAR P. , MARTINEZ R. V. , GARCIA R. , BISCARINI F. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPhase‐mode electrostatic force microscopy (EFM‐Phase) is a viable technique to image surface electrostatic potential of silicon oxide stripes fabricated by oxidation scanning probe lithography, exhibiting an inhomogeneous distribution of localized charges trapped within the stripes during the electrochemical reaction. We show here that these nanopatterns are useful benchmark samples for assessing the spatial/voltage resolution of EFM‐phase. To quantitatively extract the relevant observables, we developed and applied an analytical model of the electrostatic interactions in which the tip and the surface are modelled in a prolate spheroidal coordinates system, fitting accurately experimental data. A lateral resolution of ∼60 nm, which is comparable to the lateral resolution of EFM experiments reported in the literature, and a charge resolution of ∼20 electrons are achieved. This electrostatic analysis evidences the presence of a bimodal population of trapped charges in the nanopatterned stripes.
Dental morphology and microstructure of the Prickly DogfishOxynotus bruniensis(Squaliformes: Oxynotidae)
Authors: Moyer Joshua K. , Finucci Brittany , Riccio Mark L. , Irschick Duncan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study describes and illustrates the jaws, teeth, and tooth microstructure of the Prickly DogfishOxynotus bruniensis. Detailed accounts of the dental morphology ofO. bruniensisare rare and have not addressed the tissue arrangement or microstructure of the teeth. These features are documented and discussed in the contexts of interspecific comparisons with other elasmobranchs and the dietary specialization ofO. bruniensis. The overall tooth morphology ofO. bruniensisis similar to those of other closely related members in the order Squaliformes, as is the tissue arrangement, or histotype.Oxynotus bruniensisexhibits a simplified enameloid microstructure, which we compare with previously documented enameloid microstructures of other elasmobranchs. Though subtle interspecific differences in dental characters are documented, neither overall tooth morphology nor histotype and microstructure are unique toO. bruniensis. We conclude that in the case ofO. bruniensis, dietary specialization is facilitated by behavioral rather than morphological specialization.