bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) optimization process: A conceptual view
Authors: Zarith Rahmah Syed Ahmad Sharifah , Mohd Zain Azlan , Yusoff Yusliza , Effiyana Ghazali Nurzal , Zhou Kai-Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optimization technique are solutions for finding for specific problems and solved existing limitation on common problems. This are especially in improving the output of WEDM processing where it involves more than a single objective or multiple output to be optimized synchronously. WEDM machining process usage increased rapidly as its capability in cutting complicated design formation. Thus the precision of the work piece is required. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a quick conceptual view of optimizing WEDM process by providing fundamentals parameters involved. Henceforth, perspective on WEDM optimization process on this paper may be use for future reference.
Study of Artificial Intelligence into Checkers Game using HTML and JavaScript
Authors: K Idzham K , W N Khalishah M , Steven Y W , M F Aminuddin M S , N Syawani H , Zain AM , Yusoff Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the game industry matures and continues to expand due to its capabilities to explore and exploit in bringing gaming to life. In this paper, we described the game design for the game Checkers, which is developed by using an AI heuristic approach using HTML and JavaScript. A group of people chosen in this study to test the game, which is a validation process to confirm that the game goes as per requirement. The testing activity ends after the final bug fix and the result shows that the game executes properly as expected. The result indicates that the game meets the objective of the system, which is the game, may learn and explore by itself as a heuristic element.
Developing an Impartial Game by Mathematical Approach
Authors: Mohd Zain Azlan , Abdul Rahman Afiq , Hawani Haris Fadzillah Nurhafiyah , Rusdi Aimi , Najwa Anuar Rosdi Ainur , Amin Izam Hasri Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we developed an impartial game namely Nim by using a mathematical approach. The game consists of multiple ways of movement for player winning the game. A total of five players participating in the game testing. The experiment shows that the proposed impartial game for learning process is easy to use.
Impact on Driver Behavior, Performance, Fatigue, Over Speed and Infrastructure as A Factor of Road Accident: A Review
Authors: Suprihatiningsih W , Leman A.M , Feriyanto D , Pranoto H , Afizi Shuaib Norshah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Road safety is become an interesting field to be investigated due to high road accident that still occurred in the world and it increased every year. Second highest accident rate in the world signed by South-east Asia with 20.7 per 100.000 population. That rate include the road accident that occurred in Indonesia. There are several parameters in road accident such as infrastructure, driver behaviour, environment, driver performance, driver fatigue, over speed, vehicle and safety device. Therefore, this study approach a model to interconnect the variables in order to achieve a pattern of road accident factors. This study believe will be improve the awareness of the related agency to increase their responsibility in improving and applying road safety. Moreover, this study output will be comprehensive discuss and critical discussion in terms of road safety plan that may applied in order to reduce the road accident.
Enhancement of The Performance ff Wireless Body Area Networks Through Cooperative Medium Access Control
Authors: Abdumohsin Hammood Dalal , Rahim Hasliza A , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Badlishah Ahmad R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, it is suggested a cooperative protocol based on two controller nodes. In the proposed protocol, the outer body master node as well as the belt master one are used for the avoiding the retransmitting operation via more than one sensor that increase the probability of the colliding, a master node works cooperatively to reduce BER, Power consumption in term of Duty cycle. We present an arithmetical model of the cycle of duty accompanied by the WBAN suggested protocol.
Bending Fatigue Life Prediction of Spur Gear in Axial Misalignment Condition
Authors: Lias M.R. , Isa M.J. , Ahmad A.S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Misalignment between pinions to wheel gears induces bending stresses continued influences the fatigue life of the spur gear system. Lack of research projected to the issues causes uncertain in their useful lifetime estimation. In this paper, the bending fatigue life of the spur gear in axial misalignments condition was predicted. A three teeth FEM model of spur gear with the same geometrical profiles was constructed according to ISO 6336-1:2006. The gear was subjected with five misalignment from 0.1mm to 0. 5mm at different torque loadings from 50Nm to 300 Nm. Exerted with quasi-static approach; the stress variant was analysed to stress life model as well as the damage accumulation model for fatigue life prediction in ANSYS V19. Results showed that the application of axial misalignment had a small impact significantly reduce the life of the gear, in percentage difference between 0.1 - 2%. This suggested that the bending fatigue life did not reflect to the existence of axial misalignments as the effect is very small that it is possible to be neglected.
Effect of filler size and loading on thermo-mechanical degradation of polypropylene-ethylene/wollastonite composite
Authors: Teng Saw Lip , Zainuddin Firuz , Xuan Viet Cao , Uy Lan Du Ngoc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study is to understand the side effect of wollastonite fillers in polymer compounding that caused different levels of thermo-mechanical degradation (TMD) during extrusion. Wollastonite has a needle-like structure with different ratio of L/D; it compounded with the polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PPcoE) using a twin-screw extruder. The effect on the TMD of PPcoE was determined by analysing the by-products within the extrudates via FTIR. The rheology of PPcoE composite was measured using a capillary rheometer, and the thermal stability of composite was studied using TGA. In this study, TMD is classified as two levels: chain scission and oxidisation. The wollastonite filler were found to accelerate the TMD mechanism and generated oxidised products during extrusion. The reduction of filler size effectively minimised the chain cleavage of PPcoE matrix, also come with improvement in thermal stability. However, increasing the filler loading had a dominant effect of inducing more chain cleavage on the polymer matrix.
Slagging of Coal Blends: Comparison Between Pre-Blended and in Furnace Blend
Authors: Somad Abdul Latiff Abdul , Musa M. , Anhar Zaki , Illias Suhaimi , Ani MH 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Coal blending technique in electric generating power plant has been widely used to reduce coal consumption cost. However, due to various coals from different places blended together, it had caused problems. Slagging formed during the operations can reduced boiler efficiency, resulting high costs for maintenance caused by blockage, corrosion and erosion. Many empirical indices and predictive method have been developed to minimize these problems but most are unreliable for coals from different places and many predictive methods are carried out in different environment. In this research, the method starts from fabricating the pre-blended and in furnace blend techniques at a local coal pulverized power plant. After feeding the coal blends for coal trial burn, the resulting ash deposition are collected at the burner where slagging usually occurs. The raw coals in used and the slagging samples are then characterized and determine their crystalline phase and compositions by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Sacnning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive Xray (SEM/EDX). From XRD analysis, compounds such as quartz, cristobalite low and manganosite were found as main species in ash deposition at all location of collected slagging. However, there are also some compound exist at specific location with specific technique being used. In the burner area for pre blended technique, compound Al2SiO5, Mg2Al4Si5, KNO2 and FeO was found, whereas in furnace blend K2Mn2(SO4)3 was found. At bottom part of the furnace, pre-blended graphite was presence and in furnace yield MnO2 and Al2SiO5. At top part where superheater reside, the existence of mullite, Al2(Al2.5Si1.5)9.75 was found for pre-blended technique and microcline, KAlSiO3O8 is observed from in furnace blend technique. From the EDX analysis, in furnace technique shows more complete combustion and feasible for less slagging inside the furnace compared to pre-blended technique.
High Temperature Isothermal Oxidation of Heat-treated HR-120 Ni-based Alloys
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effect of heat treatment of HR-120 Ni-based alloys on the isothermal oxidation at high temperature was studies. HR-120 Ni-based alloys was undergo a heat treatment process at two different temperatures, namely 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 3 h soaking time, followed by water quench. The heat-treated samples were then undergoing an isothermal oxidation test at 500 °C for 500 h exposure time in air. Oxidized samples have been characterized in terms of the kinetics of oxidation, phase analysis using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and oxide surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The heat treatment process exhibits an increasing of average grain size alloy as the temperature increases. Whereas, the oxidation kinetics of oxidized samples exhibits a parabolic rate law, representing a diffusion-controlled oxide growth rate. The oxidized of heat-treated sample at 1000 °C recorded low oxidation rate with low parabolic rate constant values. The oxide surface morphology of oxidized samples indicates the formation of continuous oxide scales with overgrown Nb-rich oxide particles after exposure for 300 h. At 500 h exposure time, the formation of Nb-rich oxide particles was growing with evidence of crack occurred around the overgrown oxide particles.
Ultrasonication Assisted Dispersive Liquid-liquid Micro Extraction (USA-DLLME) for Determination of Pyrene Concentration in Water
Authors: Nur Atiqah Nik Wee Nik , Afiza Mohamed Soleh Nurul , Md Saled Noorashikin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pyrene is one of the chemical compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that has been reported as toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic which commonly found in water, food, soil, and air. Therefore, a study of ultrasonic assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (USA-DLLME) was conducted to extract pyrene from polluted water. The analytical parameters such as volume of extractant solvent, volume of disperser solvent, sonication time, and centrifugation speed were optimized using response surface method (RSM). Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was used to analyse the pyrene content. The extraction recovery obtained for validation on real water based on optimization are in the range of 14.8%-49.8%. The low value of extraction recovery must be due to unsuitable types of extraction solvent used. However, this study have achieved all the objectives based on the developed method.
Mechanical Properties of Porous Polylactic Acid (PLA) Via Salt Leaching Method
Authors: Rahim NAM , Rasidi MSM 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the properties and characterization of porous polylactic acid (PLA). The porous PLA was fabricated via salt leaching method whereas PLA was first dissolved in chloroform under mechanical stirring for 7 minutes. Then, sodium chloride (NaCl) was added into the dissolved PLA. The mixture of PLA and NaCl was then left at room temperature for 24 hours for the chloroform to be evaporated. The solidified films was then been washed under tab water to remove the NaCl content. The removal of NaCl content will lead to porous PLA. The effect of NaCl content on the mechanical and morphological properties of PLA was been studied. The increased of NaCl content shown a reduction trend for tensile properties and elongation at break. Meanwhile, the Young’s modulus had been found to increase with increasing NaCl content. The micrograph of the neat PLA showed a smooth surface at the tensile fractured surface. However, the effect of salt leaching method lead to a porous PLA as the NaCl content increased, the pores observed in the micrographs also increased. The higher the content of NaCl increashe amount of pores on the PLA and the number of interconnected pores with uniform pores morphology and well distributed pores.
Fire exposure, impact responses, and burst tests of glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) composite pipes
Authors: Abrar F. S. B. , Abdul Majid M. S. , M Ridzuan M. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the fire exposure, impact responses, and burst tests of glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) composites pipes. Fire responses of three different fire exposure times (10 s, 20 s and 30 s) were conducted, followed by impact loadings. Three different energy levels (5 J, 7.5 J, and 10 J) were applied for impact responses and followed by monotonic burst tests. Monotonic burst tests were conducted on GRE samples using hydrostatic pressure testing equipment in accordance with ASTM D1599. The result shows that the longer the time of fire exposure towards GRE pipes, the higher the impact energy applied to the pipes, the lower the burst strength of the pipes. The maximum burst strength found decreased with an increase in the fire exposure time. The results also indicated that the strength of the GRE pipes significantly decreases with an increase in impact energy level.
Carbon dioxide hydrogenation using Ru/YSZ promoted with low-coverage alkaline earth metals
Authors: Sze Yen Tan , Ibrahim Naimah , Fazara Md Ali Umi , Kheireddine Aroua Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Utilization of CO2, which is the main contributor to the global climate change is one of the means to produce useful chemicals and fuels while at the same time reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Ruthenium (Ru) was chosen as the probe catalyst in carbon dioxide hydrogenation based on its ability to selectively enhance methanation reaction. Ru supported on YSZ solid electrolyte (Ru/YSZ) was modified with alkaline earth metal promoters i.e. calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) at low coverage (0.16%). It was found that Ca-modified system is more favorable to enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity of reaction towards methane production compared to Mg-modified system, perhaps due to the higher basicity of Ca.
Recent research on Energy Trading
Authors: Izzati binti Mohd Asri Lyana , Nur Suryani Firuz bt Wan Ariffin Dr Wan , Syuhada Md Zain Dr Aini 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Breakthroughs in the smart grid and promotion of “green communication” have encouraged wireless communication network to harness the local environment’s resources and to function economic and ecological benefits in an energy-efficient manner. This paper presents a comtemporary review of recent advancement of energy trading including renewable energy sources, types of energy trading and the advantages of having energy trading.
Sauvola and Niblack Techniques Analysis for Segmentation of Vehicle License Plate
Authors: Ariff F N M , Nasir A S A , Jaafar H , Zulkifli A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
License plate recognition system is functional to identify the vehicle registration number. This system is popular in image processing field. It’s played important role in transportation system, especially for security system. However, variation condition of image acquisition causes the segmentation of license plate difficult to handle. This paper proposed a methodology for segmentation of license plate number by using thresholding segmentation group. In this study, image segmentation based on threshold has been chosen due to its ability in separating the foreground and the background. Hence, this technique is very useful for segmenting the characters which have tons of noise. Several threshold methods from the most commonly used techniques had been chosen to be compared and analyze the results for license plate detection and recognition. In this research, threshold techniques such as Savoula and Niblack have been select to compare. A total of 100 images captured by using a digital camera has been used the experimental analysis. After segmentation process, unwanted pixel has been removed with fixed value for each technique. Template matching has been used for classification of character recognition. The final result shows that Savoula conquers highest placed with great value in accuracy percentage of license plate recognition.
Characterisation and Comparison of Pith and Cortex of Napier Grass Stem
Authors: Tuan Rohadi T.N. , Ridzuan M.J.M. , Abdul Majid M.S. , Cheng E.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the previous study, only pith part had been attracted to be investigated by researcher eventhough cortex had a high percentage content in the Napier grass stems (NG). Hence, further studied can help to achieve the aim of maximizing the use of NG stems by using cortex and pith in manufacturing biopolymers. For this purpose, the thermal,chemical, morphological characterization of cortex and pith of NG stems had been explore. The results of TGA, FTIR, microscope, and SEM had shown the difference in the cortex and pith of NG stems. Although their peak absorption value appear to be different, the group involved in pith still present in the cortex. The cortex showed a high decomposed percentage which was 93.79 % compared to the pith with 92.55 %. The micrographs images display the presence of hemicellulose, lignin, impurities, and wax on the surface of cortex and pith. Overall, the results of the cortex showed that it had the potential to be used the same as the pith for the production of biopolymers in the future.
Optimization Parameter Effects on The Quality Surface Finish of 3D-Printing Process using Taguchi Method
Authors: Radhwan H , Shayfull Z , Nasir S M , Abdellah Abdellah el-hadj , Irfan A R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a process for developing Rapid Prototype (RP) objects according to numerically defined cross sectional geometry by depositing fused layers of material. This RP may used straight to the application. Therefore, this research has been done to optimize the best parameter towards better roughness on the surface. Plus, this research is to explore the influence of layer height, outline speed and extruder temperature with the surface roughness. A specimen has been proposed to fulfil the objective of the research. In order to build the specimen, it has been drawn by CAD. The, it was transfer to Standard Triangulation Language, (STL) file. The STL will read and the FDM will deposits the material from the bottom curve and build up the model to the top curve. In order to reduce experimental runs, Taguchi Method based on central composite design is adopted. L9 was used to run the specimen. Thus, there is nine experiment that will run. Specimens are prepared to improve surface roughness of the 3D printing. The specimen was measured by Mitutoyo CS3000 525-780EI. Relations among responses and process parameters are determined and their validity is proved using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response surface are analysed to establish main factor effects and their interaction on responses. The specimen is proposed in flat and curve surface. For the result, it is stated that layer height was the main parameter that effects of the surface roughness, compare to the outline speed and extruder temperature.
Design and Analysis of Solar Car Chassis
Authors: Radhwan H , Shayfull Z , Nasir S M , Abdellah Abdellah el-hadj , Irfan A R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A solar car is a lightweight, low power vehicle designed and built with a single purpose in mind–racing with and only drive during the day. It has limited seating (one or two peoples) and usually has very little cargo capacity. However, it offers an excellent opportunity to develop future technologies that can be applied to practical applications. This study will focus on design and analysis solar car chassis part. The primary challenge in developing an effective solar car chassis is to maximize strength and safety while minimizing the weight. Every extra pound requires more energy to move down the road. However, safety is a primary concern and the chassis must meet stringent strength and safety requirements. The purpose of the study is to understand the concept design of solar car chassis in terms of calculation, material selection, chassis style selection and virtual analysis for chassis using CATIA software.
A Study of New Washing Process Which Combines Deflection and Abrasion Action
Authors: Hamzas M F M A , Shayfull Z , Radhwan H , Nasir S M , Abdellah Abdellah el-hadj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimum washing of laboratory washing model that design to stimulate the active washing process and passive commercial washing machine are compared in order to determine the best washing result. Variables of the study include water speed, washing time and radial nozzle inclination angle. The rotational system of an automatic washing machine has two major technical difficulties. One is the collision of the tub against the frame at the beginning of its early spinning stage. A factor that causes such instability of the rotational object can be attributed to the deflection of the liquid inside the liquid balancer due to the unbalance mass. Proposed a new washing technology and new design of the washing machine can be as a base of its new type. These machines have better outcome data; improve quality of washing process and effective use of washing liquid. New washing machine is simple design, does not have rotary parts at all and uses active process of washing process with squeezing of linens and more productive then known washing machines. Also, this machine can recycle and feed cleaned washing liquid. Additionally, in use of ultrasonic technology of washing process, new machine today will be perfect design.
Analysis and Development of a Poultry Hatching Machine
Authors: Irfan A R , Hafiz A A , Ghani H A , Rosli M F , Fazdly M K , Azlida A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The egg-hatching machine comprises a several main factors that has been adapted and developed in this machine. The main factors are temperature, humidity, turning orientation and ventilation. The development of the machine without considering these factors will lead to failure or low percentage of hatching success. Therefore, these important factors must be included and adapted to machine. The best temperature for egg incubation is 37.8 °C or 100 °F and for relative humidity is from 55% to 65%. For egg, turning and orientation can be done from 2 to 6 times daily. The angle for turning is from 30° to 90°. The use of forced-air incubation method in this machine instead of still-air incubation had helped to regulate the air and supply oxygen to the eggs in the chamber. Besides considering all factors, other supportive factor that will help to increase the percentage of hatching success also must not be neglected. The supportive factors are location to place the machine, insulation for preventing heat loses and hygiene or cleanliness of the machine. Although these supportive factors are not the main parameter for egg incubation, these factors also need some attention as they also one the keys for hatching success.