bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and implications of secondary olivine veinlets in lunar highland breccia Northwest Africa 11273
Authors: Zeng Xiaojia , Li Shijie , Joy Katherine H. , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong , Li Yang , Li Rui , Wang Shijie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLunar breccias preserve the records of geologic processes on the Moon. In this study, we report the occurrence, petrography, mineralogy, and geologic significance of the observed secondary olivine veinlets in lunar feldspathic breccia meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11273. Bulk‐rock composition measurements show that this meteorite is geochemically similar to other lunar highland meteorites. In NWA 11273, five clasts are observed to host veinlets that are dominated by interconnecting olivine mineral grains. The host clasts are mainly composed of mafic minerals (i.e., pyroxene and olivine) and probably sourced from a basaltic lithology. The studied olivine veinlets (~5 to 30 μm in width) are distributed within the mafic mineral host, but do not extend into the adjacent plagioclase. Chemically, these olivine veinlets are Fe‐richer (Fo41.4–51.9), compared with other olivine grains (Fo54.3–83.1) in lithic clasts and matrix of NWA 11273. By analogy with the secondary olivine veinlets observed in meteorites from asteroid Vesta (howardite–eucrite–diogenite group samples) and lunar mare samples, our study suggests that the newly observed olivine veinlets in NWA 11273 are likely formed by secondary deposition from a lunar fluid, rather than by crystallization from a high‐temperature silicate melt. Such fluid could be sulfur‐ and phosphorous‐poor and likely had an endogenic origin on the Moon. The new occurrence of secondary olivine veinlets in breccia NWA 11273 reveals that the fluid mobility and deposition could be a previously underappreciated geological process on the Moon.
Content analysis of media coverage of breastfeeding in Mexico
Authors: Ferré‐Eguiluz Isabel , Buccini Gabriela , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Rovelo Natalia , González de Cosío Teresita , Pérez‐Escamilla‐Costas Juan Ricardo , Pérez‐Escamilla‐González Juan Ricardo , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMedia can be a powerful communication tool to promote breastfeeding programs, influence mother's breastfeeding behaviour, and generate support among stakeholders for breastfeeding. Yet, there is little information on how media coverage influences a country's breastfeeding enabling environment. This study addressed this gap by conducting a retrospective content analysis of documents published between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018 to analyse the media coverage related to breastfeeding in Mexico. Content analysis was based on the breastfeeding gear model and a strategic planning technique to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for enabling the national breastfeeding environment. Media coverage of breastfeeding was more frequent in August (36% of all documents). The top three topics commonly covered by the media were advocacy events promoting breastfeeding, promotion campaigns, and changes in breastfeeding legislation and policy. In general, the media coverage focused on strengths of specific breastfeeding policies. There was limited news coverage of key factors that negatively influenced or threatened the breastfeeding environment. Findings support the need to design strategies to engage the media covering in more depth and breadth diverse aspects of breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support efforts in Mexico.
Using a historical genealogical approach to examine Ireland's health care system
Authors: Flynn Angela V. , Lynam Judith M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe health of a nation tells much about the nature of a social contract between citizen and state. The way that health care is organised, and the degree to which it is equitably accessible, constitutes a manifestation of the effects of moments and events in that country's history. Research around health inequalities often focuses on demonstrating current conditions, with little attention paid to how the conditions of inequality have been achieved and sustained. This article presents a novel approach to inequalities research that focuses on examining powerful historical discourses as legitimising processes that serve to sustain unequal conditions. The use of this Foucauldian historical genealogical approach in a study of the Irish health care system is explored and proposed as a novel approach to the research of health inequities.
Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought
Authors: Sabot Manon E. B. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Pitman Andy J. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Verhoef Anne , Ukkola Anna M. , Abramowitz Gab 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Knowledge of how water stress impacts the carbon and water cycles is a key uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models.

We tested a new profit maximization model, where photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is optimally traded against plant hydraulic function, as an alternative to the empirical functions commonly used in models to regulate gas exchange during periods of water stress. We conducted a multi‐site evaluation of this model at the ecosystem scale, before and during major droughts in Europe. Additionally, we asked whether the maximum hydraulic conductance in the soil–plant continuum kmax (a key model parameter which is not commonly measured) could be predicted from long‐term site climate.

Compared with a control model with an empirical soil moisture function, the profit maximization model improved the simulation of evapotranspiration during the growing season, reducing the normalized mean square error by c. 63%, across mesic and xeric sites. We also showed that kmax could be estimated from long‐term climate, with improvements in the simulation of evapotranspiration at eight out of the 10 forest sites during drought.

Although the generalization of this approach is contingent upon determining kmax, it presents a mechanistic trait‐based alternative to regulate canopy gas exchange in global models.
Visual aids for pediatric airway management
Authors: Frykholm Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFour basic types of visual aids are used for teaching airway management and decision‐making in simulated as well as in real clinical situations: universal algorithms, sets of limited algorithms, concept‐based cognitive aids, and checklists. The first three may represent an evolution in the understanding of the role of human error in both successful and failed airway management. Complex visual aids such as the American Society of Anesthesiology difficult airway algorithm may be more useful for teaching, while graphic cognitive aids like the Vortex may be more helpful for decision‐making under stress. Not surprisingly, there is a lack of outcome studies, although some cognitive aids have been evaluated in simulation settings.
Skin toxicity following treosulfan‐thiotepa‐fludarabine‐based conditioning regimen in non‐malignant pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Even‐Or Ehud , Altman Kohl Shahar , Zaidman Irina , Stepensky Polina , Molho‐Pessach Vered 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTBC regimens are considered as “reduced toxicity” and are increasingly employed in pediatric HSCT. In our center, we commonly use the combination of treosulfan‐thiotepa‐fludarabine and ATG for pediatric non‐malignant diseases. As we often observe acute skin toxicities following this conditioning regimen, we conducted a prospective observational study to describe and characterize these toxicities. Fifteen pediatric patients undergoing HSCT for non‐malignant diseases who were treated at Hadassah‐Hebrew University Medical Center during 2015 were enrolled. A thorough dermatological assessment was done on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 from treatment initiation and included description of cutaneous reactions, measurement of BSA of affected skin, and response to local treatment. All the fifteen enrolled patients developed some degree of acute skin reaction. Cutaneous manifestations were variable and included erythematous patches in inguinal area and genitalia (80%), in neck and axillae (40%), diffuse hyperpigmentation (73%), erosions in inguinal area and buttock (47%), and xerosis and desquamation (40%). Average affected BSA reached 71.8%. Erosions were more prevalent in children younger than 2 years of age. The eruptions resolved without sequela in all patients and did not necessitate treatment other than topical agents. Observed extracutaneous toxicities included oral mucositis (40%), diarrhea (47%), and elevated liver enzymes (47%). TBC combined with thiotepa is highly toxic to the skin with various cutaneous manifestations. The toxicity resolves with no long‐term sequela.
Healing while parasitized: impact of a naturally‐occurring nematode during energy‐intensive wound‐healing in a beetle
Authors: Davis Andrew K. , Calderon Lexi , Lefeuvre Jake , Sims Stuart , Pearce Jana , Prouty Cody 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rigours of the daily lives of insects sometimes lead to minor injuries and wounds, which must be healed to avoid entry of pathogens and to resume normal function. Such healing requires energy, which must be diverted from other bodily reserves. What happens if energy reserves are already low, as would occur in individuals coping with internal parasites? This question is addressed in the presemt study, using horned passalus beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) and their naturally‐occurring nematode Chondronema passali. Oxygen consumption rates are tested at rest, as well as after an experimental wound is applied, to evaluate energy requirements of wound‐healing in parasitized and nonparasitized hosts. Furthermore, wound‐healing rates are visually tracked with a numerical scoring system to directly measure the cost of parasitism on healing. At rest, parasitized beetles show no elevation in respiration (oxygen consumption). After wounding, the oxygen consumption of parasitized beetles is 10% higher than that in nonparasitized beetles. Beetles with moderate‐ to heavy worm burdens have slower healing than those with few or no nematodes. These results show that this parasite carries little cost to the host during day‐to‐day activities, whereas, during times of immediate energy demand, there is a cost; hosts require more energy to repair wounds, and the wounds take longer to close. This conclusion leads to the question of whether this parasite is truly benign, and how many other apparently benign parasites, in insects or other animals, have similar ‘hidden’ effects.
Plant functional trait response to environmental drivers across European temperate forest understorey communities
Authors: Maes S. L. , Perring M. P. , Depauw L. , Bernhardt‐Römermann M. , Blondeel H. , Brūmelis G. , Brunet J. , Decocq G. , den Ouden J. , Govaert S. , Härdtle W. , Hédl R. , Heinken T. , Heinrichs S. , Hertzog L. , Jaroszewicz B. , Kirby K. , Kopecký M. , Landuyt D. , Máliš F. , Vanneste T. , Wulf M. , Verheyen K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Functional traits respond to environmental drivers, hence evaluating trait‐environment relationships across spatial environmental gradients can help to understand how multiple drivers influence plant communities. Global‐change drivers such as changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition occur worldwide, but affect community trait distributions at the local scale, where resources (e.g. light availability) and conditions (e.g. soil pH) also influence plant communities.

We investigate how multiple environmental drivers affect community trait responses related to resource acquisition (plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), woodiness, and mycorrhizal status) and regeneration (seed mass, lateral spread) of European temperate deciduous forest understoreys. We sampled understorey communities and derived trait responses across spatial gradients of global‐change drivers (temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition, and past land use), while integrating in‐situ plot measurements on resources and conditions (soil type, Olsen phosphorus (P), Ellenberg soil moisture, light, litter mass, and litter quality).

Among the global‐change drivers, mean annual temperature strongly influenced traits related to resource acquisition. Higher temperatures were associated with taller understoreys producing leaves with lower SLA, and a higher proportional cover of woody and obligate mycorrhizal (OM) species. Communities in plots with higher Ellenberg soil moisture content had smaller seeds and lower proportional cover of woody and OM species. Finally, plots with thicker litter layers hosted taller understoreys with larger seeds and a higher proportional cover of OM species.

Our findings suggest potential community shifts in temperate forest understoreys with global warming, and highlight the importance of local resources and conditions as well as global‐change drivers for community trait variation.
Autistic traits in mentalization‐based treatment for concurrent borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Kaltenegger Helena C. , Philips Björn , Wennberg Peter 
Published: December 2019

Autism is suggested to be a dimensional construct and often represents a comorbid state. However, research on the clinical implications of the presence of autistic traits is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of subclinical autistic traits in mentalization‐based treatment (MBT) for concurrent borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Based on the data of a randomized controlled feasibility study by Philips, Wennberg, Konradsson, and Franck (2018), secondary analyses were conducted. It was tested, if patients’ (N = 46) levels of autistic traits were associated with treatment outcome measured in the course of and after treatment using interviews and self‐report measures. Participants’ autistic traits were not associated with the change in the severity of BPD throughout and at the end of the treatment. However, results showed associations between autistic traits and the change in patients’ consumption of alcohol in the course of MBT. Furthermore, there was an association between autistic traits and the change in mentalizing capacity at the end of MBT, indicating that elevated autistic traits were associated with an improvement in mentalizing capacity. Autistic traits on a subclinical level do not appear to be a complicating factor in MBT for concurrent BPD and SUD. On the contrary, in terms of mentalizing capacity autistic traits might be associated with a larger potential for improvement or facilitate treatment outcome. Further research is needed to explore the role of higher autistic traits in treatment of this special patient group.
Comparative Philosophy and Decolonial Struggle: The Epistemic Injustice of Colonization and Liberation of Human Reason
Authors: Silva Grant J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay explores the extent to which comparative philosophy can assist decolonial struggle. In order to accomplish this task, I offer not only a description of philosophy's colonization but also an account of how this discipline remains subject to the coloniality of knowledge. In short, insofar as race, gender, class, and sexuality are considered irrelevant or accidental to the production of philosophical knowledge, professional philosophy replicates, if not continues, what Rajeev Bhargava terms the epistemic injustice of colonialism. One response to the colonization of philosophy is “diversification” by means of putting into conversation philosophers, systems, and ideas from differing cultures or regions throughout the world. While a step forward, insofar as philosophical comparisons occur primarily on an East–West axis, philosophers are not necessarily addressing the biases, prejudices, racism, and exceptionalism endemic to their discipline. In fact, such a directionality typically reinforces the sense of historical development that undergirds Western philosophy's self‐understanding. This essay, therefore, offers a series of recommendations for how to radicalize comparative philosophical efforts so as to address global epistemic injustice and aid in the process of decolonization.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Monahan Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe theme of the 2018 Spindel Conference was “Decolonizing Philosophy.” In this introduction, I will elaborate on this theme as a way to set the stage for the essays in this volume. Beginning with the question of what it means to consider philosophy “colonized” in the first place, I will focus on the subfield of the history of philosophy as a way to draw out my account. After elaborating what I take the claim that philosophy is colonized/colonizing to mean, I will turn to ways one might approach its decolonization. Again, my principle focus will be on the history of philosophy, though I take my analysis to extend beyond this subfield. Finally, I will elaborate four key tasks that I take to be essential to the decolonization of philosophy.
MaskMy.XYZ: An easy‐to‐use tool for protecting geoprivacy using geographic masks
Authors: Swanlund David , Schuurman Nadine , Brussoni Mariana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeographic masks are techniques used to protect privacy when publishing sensitive data in maps, but are not well adopted among researchers and may be difficult to execute for some GIS users. We developed a client‐side web application called MaskMy.XYZ that makes geographic masking easy to perform. It executes donut geomasking, a well‐known geographic mask, on thousands of points in seconds, and visualizes the original and masked point patterns in an integrated web map for visual comparison. MaskMy.XYZ also features metrics for both privacy protection and information loss, and allows users to rapidly and iteratively adjust masking parameters based on these metrics. The user interface was designed to prioritize usability, and clear documentation has been included to educate users about geographic masks, which is otherwise only found in niche literatures. By developing this application, we hope that geographic masks will be more widely adopted such that privacy is better protected in research.
Nec Cogitare Sed Facere: The Paradox of Fiction at the Tribunal of Ancient Poetics
Authors: Campeggiani PIA 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe place of emotions in aesthetic response has long been a topic in contemporary philosophical theorizing. One aspect of the debate in particular seems to have become a recalcitrant problem: when experiencing fiction, we experience emotional reactions towards what we know not to exist. Is this rational? In fact, is it even possible? This article deals with the so‐called “paradox of fiction” from the viewpoint of ancient poetics. In the first section, I survey some of the main arguments proposed to (dis)solve the paradox in analytic philosophy. In the second and the third sections, I address what I consider two problematic assumptions of existing analytic approaches: their prescriptive, “essentialist” attitude and their exclusive focus on matters of content. By offering a brief sketch of the ancient principles of “likelihood” and “vividness”, I argue that they provide a direct and cognitively realistic answer to the paradox insofar as they account for the neutralization of doxastic features in imaginative acts and ground affective responses to fiction in the phenomenon of “aesthetic immersion”, explained in experiential, rather than representational, terms.
RUNX1 mutation in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and decreased erythrocyte expression of blood group A antigen
Authors: Hayakawa Akira , Sano Rie , Takahashi Yoichiro , Kubo Rieko , Harada Megumi , Omata Masato , Yokohama Akihiko , Handa Hiroshi , Tsukada Junichi , Takeshita Haruo , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Ogasawara Kenichi , Kominato Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDLoss of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and such decreased ABO expression has been reported to be strongly associated with hypermethylation of the ABO promoter. We investigated the underlying mechanism responsible for A‐antigen reduction on RBCs in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSGenetic analysis of ABO was performed by PCR and sequencing using peripheral blood. RT‐PCR were carried out using cDNA prepared from total bone marrow (BM) cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was performed using genomic DNA from BM cells. Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from BM cells, followed by transient transfection assays.RESULTSGenetic analysis of ABO did not reveal any mutation in coding regions, splice sites, or regulatory regions. RT‐PCR demonstrated reduction of A‐transcripts when the patient's RBCs were not agglutinated by anti‐A antibody and did not indicate any significant increase of alternative splicing products in the patient relative to the control. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was not obvious in erythroid cells. Targeted sequencing identified somatic mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, RUNX1, and WT1. Experiments involving transient transfection into K562 cells showed that the expression of ABO was decreased by expression of the mutated RUNX1.CONCLUSIONBecause the RUNX1 mutation encoded an abnormally elongated protein without a transactivation domain which could act as dominant negative inhibitor, this frame‐shift mutation in RUNX1 may be a genetic candidate contributing to A‐antigen loss on RBCs.
Inaccurate point‐of‐care blood glucose measurement in a dog with secondary erythrocytosis
Authors: McQuinn Erin R. , Viall Austin K. , Hirschfield Margaret A. , Ward Jessica L. , Jeffery Unity , LeVine Dana N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) are convenient and inexpensive tools for assessing patient blood glucose concentrations. They are often used to quickly diagnose hypoglycemia or collect serial glucose readings in diabetic patients. However, POC meters have been previously identified in human and veterinary literature to be inaccurate when utilized in patients with abnormal HCT. This problem may not be reflected in manufacturer guidelines referenced by practitioners in the POC setting.Key FindingsA 1.5‐year‐old dog, previously diagnosed with multiple congenital cardiac malformations, right‐to‐left cardiac shunting and secondary erythrocytosis, presented to a veterinary emergency center minimally responsive and without detectable pulses. PBGM measurement identified hypoglycemia. Following stabilization of the dog, serial glucose assessments showed discordant results between PBGMs and the reference laboratory biochemistry analyzer. A pathological cause for hypoglycemia was not identified and PBGM readings were determined to be erroneously low due to the dog's abnormally high HCT.SignificanceThis case demonstrates the limitations of using PBGMs to assess blood glucose in a dog with secondary erythrocytosis. The report emphasizes the need for judicious use of PBGMs in critically ill patients and that these glucometers may not be reliable in patients with abnormal HCT values.