bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper airway involvement in pediatric COVID‐19
Authors: Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Brindisi Giulia , Indolfi Cristiana , Diaferio Lucia , Marchese Giuseppe , Ghiglioni Daniele G. , Zicari Anna Maria , Miraglia del Giudice Michele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe clinical spectrum of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is mixed. It ranges from asymptomatic cases, medium‐intensity forms with mild to moderate symptoms, to severe ones with bilateral lung involvement and respiratory distress, which can require transfer to ICUs and intubation. In most cases, the clinical picture is characterized by a persistent fever, cough, dyspnoea, expectoration, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, nasal congestion, and pharyngodynia. The spread of COVID‐19 in Europe has highlighted an atypical presentation of disease involving upper airways and, above all, dysfunction of olfactory and gustatory senses. There is ample evidence that COVID‐19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults. However, due to difficulties in assessing the disorder in children, especially among very young patients, the olfaction and gustatory dysfunctions remain open issues. This article sheds light on the upper airway involvement in pediatric COVID‐19 subjects.
Epidemiology of rare allergic diseases in children
Authors: Mori Francesca , Barni Simona , Saretta Francesca , Castagnoli Riccardo , Arasi Stefania , Mastrorilli Carla , Pecoraro Luca , Liotti Lucia , Caminiti Lucia , Giovannini Mattia , Novembre Elio ,   from the Rare Allergic Diseases Commission of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Published: November 2020

AbstractAllergic diseases have different frequencies. In particular, allergic rhinitis and asthma have high frequencies of about 20% and 10%, respectively. Other allergic diseases have lower frequencies; for example, food allergy has a frequency of 1%‐4%. There are also rare allergic diseases, with a prevalence of 5 cases per 10 000 people in the general population, and they are included in Orphanet. However, other extremely rare allergic diseases still need to be properly known in order to be possibly recognized as rare diseases and cataloged in Orphanet.
Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: D’Elios Sofia , Trambusti Irene , Verduci Elvira , Ferrante Giuliana , Rosati Sara , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Drago Lorenzo , Peroni Diego G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of probiotic supplements might change the composition of the intestinal flora of children, subsequently modulating the immune system's reactivity. The effects of probiotic administration for the prevention/treatment of allergic diseases and atopic dermatitis, in particular, are still so controversial that no definitive recommendation can be made at this stage. Differences in strain specificity, timing, and length of administration all contribute to diversifying the conclusions of this review.
Detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 in different biologic specimens from positive patients with COVID‐19, in Northern Italy
Authors: Novazzi Federica , Cassaniti Irene , Piralla Antonio , Di Sabatino Antonio , Bruno Raffaele , Baldanti Fausto ,   for the San Matteo Pavia COVID‐19 Task Force
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis is based on molecular detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples such as nasal swab (NS). However, the evidence that NS in patients with pneumonia was sometimes negative raises the attention to collect other clinical specimens. SARS‐CoV‐2 was shown in 10.3% rectal swabs (RS), 7.7% plasma, 1% urine, and 0% feces from 143 NS‐positive patients. Potential infection by fluids different from respiratory secretion is possible but unlikely.
Anti‐IL‐5 in pediatric allergic diseases
Authors: Tenero Laura , Arturi Elisa , Piazza Michele , Piacentini Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐5 is a potent mediator of the inflammatory cascade in the allergic response. Its predominant role in atopic reactions makes this cytokine an ideal target for blocking the eosinophilic inflammatory hyper‐responsiveness to allergens. The management of allergic diseases in childhood—such as severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis—is a challenge. In particular, there are concerns regarding the use of high‐dose corticosteroids. Over the last few years, biologics targeting IL‐5 or IL‐5 receptor—that are mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab—represent a new, promising, and more personalized therapeutic option.
Cutaneous manifestation during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Galli Elena , Cipriani Francesca , Ricci Giampaolo , Maiello Nunzia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, causing COVID‐19, is rapidly spread across the world, by posing novel challenges for all physicians. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 may be present in 20% of patients, but they are still now poorly characterized.MethodsWe search literature to describe all the various cutaneous manifestation observed during COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsDifferent cutaneous clinical patterns were described, showing a wide polymorphism.ConclusionWe provided an overview of all the various cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 described in the literature today, to improve our knowledge and lead a more prompt and accurate diagnosis, especially in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases.
Phylogenetic response of naraoiid arthropods to early–middle Cambrian environmental change
Authors: Bond Andrew D. , Edgecombe Gregory D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Cambrian Period, primarily known for animal life diversifying, experienced global extinctions. Pulses of extinction in Cambrian Series 2 are exemplified by the disappearance of archaeocyath sponges and olenelline and redlichiid trilobites. However, the effect of such extinctions on outer shelf organisms, as typify Burgess Shale‐type (BST) deposits, remains relatively unknown. The phylogeny of naraoiid arthropods, represented in BST deposits globally, has consequently been reconstructed from either side of the Series 2 – Miaolingian extinction event to evaluate the response of offshore marine organisms to Cambrian environmental perturbation. As soft anatomy is known for only a subset of naraoiid species, exoskeletal morphology has proven important. Misszhouia and Naraoia (Naraoia) are distinguished morphometrically by posterior shield length/width and anterior shield length/posterior shield length. Morphometry has also been used to strengthen the identification of some cryptic naraoiid species and revise stratigraphic ranges. A revised naraoiid phylogeny reveals Misszhouia as a monophyletic subgenus, the former genus Pseudonaraoia nests within Naraoia and is placed in synonymy, and the systematic position and status of the Subfamily Liwiinae are sensitive to character weighting. Ten species of Naraoiidae range across the Series 2 – Miaolingian boundary, all naraoiid lineages originating during the main BST window. The persistence of outer shelf naraoiids throughout the Series 2 extinctions suggests that deeper offshore marine environments were resilient to extinction during periods of environmental stress. This study provides novel empirical support for the asylum of BST communities, which may contribute to the taxonomic longevity and widespread geographic distribution of taxa in these biotas.
Effect of temperature and insect herbivory on the regulation of glucosinolate‐myrosinase system in Lepidium latifolium
Authors: Bhat Rohini , Faiz Sheenam , Ali Villayat , Khajuria Manu , Mukherjee Debaraj , Vyas Dhiraj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe glucosinolate‐myrosinase (GLS‐MYR) system is an important component of plant‐insect interactions. However, there is no report on its performance in field conditions where the plants are subjected to both abiotic and biotic pressures simultaneously. We investigated the GLS‐MYR system in a Himalayan ecotype of Lepidium latifolium that is recognized for its adaptive potential in field conditions. In order to understand the independent contribution of temperature and Pieris brassicae herbivory on the components of the GLS‐MYR system, different conditions were simulated in the growth chamber. During field conditions, the final GLS hydrolysis products were found to be regulated by the metabolic GLS levels, the temperature conditions, and the density of insect interactions. These factors influence the expression of the hydrolyzing and specifier proteins, which further affects the GLS hydrolysis products. Our results suggest that the production of hydrolysis products is differentially affected under field conditions. While allyl isothiocyanate is significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by temperature but not insect density, 1‐cyano‐2,3‐epithiopropane is not affected by either. The study shows that the outcome of the GLS‐MYR system in a plant is a consequence of the combinatorial effect of ecophysiological factors and the insect interactions that eventually decide the performance of a plant in an environment.
Diagnosis and management of connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease in Australia and New Zealand: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand*
Authors: Jee Adelle S. , Sheehy Robert , Hopkins Peter , Corte Tamera J. , Grainge Christopher , Troy Lauren K. , Symons Karen , Spencer Lissa M. , Reynolds Paul N. , Chapman Sally , de Boer Sally , Reddy Taryn , Holland Anne E. , Chambers Daniel C. , Glaspole Ian N. , Jo Helen E. , Bleasel Jane F. , Wrobel Jeremy P. , Dowman Leona , Parker Matthew J.S. , Wilsher Margaret L. , Goh Nicole S.L. , Moodley Yuben , Keir Gregory J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPulmonary complications in CTD are common and can involve the interstitium, airways, pleura and pulmonary vasculature. ILD can occur in all CTD (CTD‐ILD), and may vary from limited, non‐progressive lung involvement, to fulminant, life‐threatening disease. Given the potential for major adverse outcomes in CTD‐ILD, accurate diagnosis, assessment and careful consideration of therapeutic intervention are a priority. Limited data are available to guide management decisions in CTD‐ILD. Autoimmune‐mediated pulmonary inflammation is considered a key pathobiological pathway in these disorders, and immunosuppressive therapy is generally regarded the cornerstone of treatment for severe and/or progressive CTD‐ILD. However, the natural history of CTD‐ILD in individual patients can be difficult to predict, and deciding who to treat, when and with what agent can be challenging. Establishing realistic therapeutic goals from both the patient and clinician perspective requires considerable expertise. The document aims to provide a framework for clinicians to aid in the assessment and management of ILD in the major CTD. A suggested approach to diagnosis and monitoring of CTD‐ILD and, where available, evidence‐based, disease‐specific approaches to treatment have been provided.
Improved finite‐time zeroing neural network for time‐varying division
Authors: Gerontitis Dimitris , Behera Ratikanta , Sahoo Jajati Keshari , Stanimirović Predrag S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel complex varying‐parameter finite‐time zeroing neural network (VPFTZNN) for finding a solution to the time‐dependent division problem is introduced. A comparative study in relation to the zeroing neural network (ZNN) and finite‐time zeroing neural network (FTZNN) is established in terms of the error function and the convergence speed. The error graphs of the VPFTZNN design show promising results and perform better than corresponding ZNN and FTZNN graphs. The proposed dynamical systems are suitable tools for overcoming the division by zero difficulty, which appears in the time‐varying division. An application of the introduced VPFTZNN model in an output tracking control time‐varying linear system is demonstrated.
Successful treatment of CMV, EBV, and adenovirus tissue infection following HLA‐mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplant using infusion of third‐party T cells from multiple donors in addition to antivirals, rituximab, and surgery
Authors: Di Ciaccio Pietro R. , Avdic Selmir , Sutrave Gaurav , Clancy Leighton , Withers Barbara , Blyth Emily , McLeod Duncan , Gottlieb David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractViral infections, principally cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of systemic antivirals is limited by limited efficacy and organ toxicities. Inability to clear infection is exacerbated by transplant‐related immunosuppression and prophylaxis or treatment of acute graft versus host disease. We report the first patient to clear three serious viral infections after stem cell transplant using third‐party donor partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells. The patient, a 53 year old female with transplanted for relapsed leukemia, with severe graft versus host disease received five T cell infusions from three separate donors that ultimately cleared serious systemic infections with cytomegalovirus and adenovirus, and an EBV‐driven lymphoma. Systemic antivirals had resulted in failed clinical responses. Use of repeated infusions of partially HLA matched virus‐specific T cells from banks containing cryopreserved cells should be strongly considered in transplant recipients with single or multiple refractory viral infections.
Implementation of an anaemia walk‐in clinic: Feasibility and preliminary data from the Orthopedic University Hospital
Authors: Neef Vanessa , Meisenzahl David , Kessler Paul , Raimann Florian J. , Piekarski Florian , Choorapoikayil Suma , Fleege Christoph , Zacharowski Kai D. , Meybohm Patrick , Meurer Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately one in three patients suffers from preoperative anaemia. Even though haemoglobin is measured before surgery, anaemia management is not implemented in every hospital.ObjectiveHere, we demonstrate the implementation of an anaemia walk‐in clinic at an Orthopedic University Hospital. To improve the diagnosis of iron deficiency (ID), we examined whether reticulocyte haemoglobin (Ret‐He) could be a useful additional parameter.Material and MethodsIn August 2019, an anaemia walk‐in clinic was established. Between September and December 2019, major orthopaedic surgical patients were screened for preoperative anaemia. The primary endpoint was the incidence of preoperative anaemia. Secondary endpoints included Ret‐He level, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate, in‐hospital length of stay and anaemia at hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 104 patients were screened for anaemia. Preoperative anaemia rate was 20.6%. Intravenous iron was supplemented in 23 patients. Transfusion of RBC units per patient (1.7 ± 1.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.9; p = 0.004) and hospital length of stay (13.1 ± 4.8 days vs. 10.6 ± 5.1 days; p = 0.068) was increased in anaemic patients compared to non‐anaemic patients. Ret‐He values were significantly lower in patients with ID anaemia (33.3 pg [28.6–40.2 pg]) compared to patients with ID (35.3 pg [28.9–38.6 pg]; p = 0.015) or patients without anaemia (35.4 pg [30.2–39.4 pg]; p = 0.001).ConclusionPreoperative anaemia is common in orthopaedic patients. Our results proved the feasibility of an anaemia walk‐in clinic to manage preoperative anaemia. Furthermore, our analysis supports the use of Ret‐He as an additional parameter for the diagnosis of ID in surgical patients.
Biomechanical properties of canine staphylectomies closed with barbed or smooth suture
Authors: Gleason Hadley E. , Phillips Heidi , McCoy Annette M. , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Duffy Daniel J. , Feign Ian M. , Kim Woojae Jason , Kersh Mariana E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the duration of closure and biomechanical properties of staphylectomies closed with absorbable bidirectional barbed suture or smooth monofilament suture in a simple continuous or interrupted patternStudy designEx vivo studySample populationSoft palates (n = 60) harvested from mesaticephalic canine cadaversMethodsOne centimeter of tissue was excised from the caudal border of each soft palate, and the oral and nasopharyngeal mucosal surfaces were apposed with 2‐0 bidirectional Quill Monoderm knotless closure device barbed suture (Q), 3‐0 Monocryl in a simple continuous (MC) pattern, or 3‐0 Monocryl in a simple interrupted (MI) pattern (n = 20 per group). Duration of closure was compared between groups. Tissues were tested under tension to failure, and mode of failure data were collected by video capture.ResultsClosure time was longer for MI closures than for Q and MC closures, with means of 259.9, 215.4, and 196.7 seconds, respectively (P < .0001). No difference was detected in yield force, force to first tissue rupture, maximum force, and energy required for yield and maximum force between groups. Energy to yield was 190.0, 167.8, and 188.95 N‐mm for MI, Q, and MC closures, respectively.ConclusionBiomechanical properties of staphylectomies closed with barbed or smooth sutures did not differ in this cadaveric model.Clinical significanceBarbed suture can be considered as an alternative for closure of canine staphylectomies. These results provide evidence to justify additional research to evaluate clinical outcomes in dogs undergoing staphylectomy.
IRBIT activates NBCe1‐B by releasing the auto‐inhibition module from the transmembrane domain
Authors: Su Pan , Wu Han , Wang Meng , Cai Lu , Liu Ying , Chen Li‐Ming 
Published: November 2020

Key points
The electrogenic Na+/HCO3−cotransporter NBCe1‐B is widely expressed in many tissues, including pancreas, submandibular gland, brain, heart, etc. NBCe1‐B has very low activity under basal condition due to auto‐inhibition, but can be fully activated by protein interaction with the IP3R‐binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IRBIT).
The structural components of the auto‐inhibition domain and the IRBIT‐binding domain of NBCe1‐B are finely characterized based on systematic mutations in the present study and data from previous studies.
Reducing negative charges on the cytosol side of the transmembrane domain greatly decreases the magnitude of the auto‐inhibition of NBCe1‐B.
We propose that the auto‐inhibition domain functions as a brake module that inactivates NBCe1‐B by binding to, via electrostatic attraction, the transmembrane domain; IRBIT activates NBCe1‐B by releasing the brake from the transmembrane domain via competitive binding to the auto‐inhibition domain.
AbstractThe electrogenic Na+/HCO3− cotransporter NBCe1‐B is widely expressed in many tissues in the body. NBCe1‐B exhibits only basal activity due to the action of the auto‐inhibition domain (AID) in its unique amino‐terminus. However, NBCe1‐B can be activated by interaction with the IP3R‐binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IRBIT). Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the auto‐inhibition of NBCe1‐B and its activation by IRBIT. The IRBIT‐binding domain (IBD) of NBCe1‐B spans residues 1−52, essentially consisting of two arms, one negatively charged (residues 1−24) and the other positively charged (residues 40−52). The AID mainly spans residues 40−85, overlapping with the IBD in the positively charged arm. The magnitude of auto‐inhibition of NBCe1‐B is greatly decreased by manipulating the positively charged residues in the AID or by replacing a set of negatively charged residues with neutral ones in the transmembrane domain. The interaction between IRBIT and NBCe1‐B is abolished by mutating a set of negatively charged Asp/Glu residues (to Asn/Gln) plus a set of Ser/Thr residues (to Ala) in the PEST domain of IRBIT. However, this interaction is not affected by replacing the same set of Ser/Thr residues in the PEST domain with Asp. We propose that: (1) the AID, acting as a brake, binds to the transmembrane domain via electrostatic interaction to slow down NBCe1‐B; (2) IRBIT activates NBCe1‐B by releasing the brake from the transmembrane domain.
Comparative Study of Physical Models for Particle Sedimentation Using SIMMER Code
Authors: Csengeri Eszter , Bachrata Andrea , Trotignon Laurent , Merle Elsa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the context of improved safety requirements for Generation IV sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR), an innovative severe accident mitigation scenario is being investigated. In the French frame of SFR research, the mitigation strategy consists of transfer tubes and a core catcher. The transfer tubes are dedicated to discharge molten fissile materials from the core center region and to guide them toward the core catcher where long-term cooling and subcritical state may be assured. The physical phenomena occurring during the discharge process are introduced in this paper. The current demonstration of the mitigation strategy uses best-estimate calculations with the reference computer code SIMMER. Previous analyses showed that the material discharge through the transfer tubes might be efficient; however, uncertainties of SIMMER approach are identified on the molten material mobility during the relocation process. It is related to a blockage formation due to particulate solid debris accumulation inside the transfer tube, in case of low energy accumulation in the degraded fuel, is believed to originate from the solid particle treatment in the code. As the performance of mitigation strategy strongly depends on the mobility of the relocating mixture, the most predictive behavior of particle flows is of great importance to SFR safety. Therefore, the SIMMER modeling of such flows is analyzed in this work. The first verification and validation test cases regarding the gravitational settling of particle clouds at varying volume fractions are presented. Recommendations for reactor calculations and first orientations for future research and development are highlighted.
Paleomagnetic insights into the Cambrian biogeographic conundrum: Did the North China craton link Laurentia and East Gondwana?
Authors: Zhao Hanqing , Zhang Shihong , Zhu Maoyan , Ding Jikai , Li Haiyan , Yang Tianshui , Wu Huaichun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Redlichiid trilobite and small shelly fossils indicate strong ties of the North China craton (NCC) to Gondwana during the early Cambrian, while recent discoveries of the characteristic fossils of Laurentia in Wuliuan shales in the eastern NCC imply its possible connection with Laurentia during the middle Cambrian. Here we report a new paleomagnetic pole at 31.8°S, 140.4°E (radius of 95% confidence cone of paleomagnetic pole, A95, = 5.3°), obtained from the Wuliuan (ca. 505 Ma) Hsuchuang Formation, by averaging our new data and existing virtual geomagnetic poles acquired from different parts of the NCC. A positive regional tilt test and the presence of geomagnetic reversals demonstrate that the remanence was primary. The paleomagnetic data permit placing the NCC near 20°N between Laurentia and Australia at ca. 505 Ma, suggesting that the NCC may have played the role of biogeographic link between East Gondwana and Laurentia in the middle Cambrian. Low-latitudinal westward ocean currents may have facilitated faunal migrations from Laurentia to East Gondwanan blocks via the NCC as well as the newly formed tectono-paleogeographic archipelago, which likely further enhanced biological exchange in the late Cambrian.