bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of Cyperus compressus Linn., a traditionally used anthelmintic plant in parasite-animal models
Authors: Soren Amar Deep , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe decoction of the roots ofCyperus compressus(Cyperaceae) is used to treat helminth infection by the Santhal tribe of Assam. The study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy claims of the plantC. compressusthrough pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies employing available parasite-animal models such asHymenolepis diminuta-Wistar rat (cestode) andSyphacia obvelata-Swiss mice (nematode) models.ResultsPhytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and steroids. In vitro studies were conducted employingH. diminutaandS. obvelata. In vitro studies againstH. diminutarevealed mortality of parasites at 8.3 ± 0.05 h at the highest concentration ofC. compressusmethanolic root extract (30 mg/ml), whereas reference drug praziquantel (PZQ), showed mortality at 5.84 ± 0.01 h. AgainstS. obvelata, in the same concentration of the extract, mortality of parasites occurred in a much later time of 24.13 ± 0.03 h, whereas in the reference drug albendazole (ABZ), the parasites showed mortality at 7.24 ± 0.08 h. In vivo studies againstH. diminutarevealed 61.74% reduction in the eggs per gram (EPG) counts and 24% reduction in worm counts at the highest dose of 700 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of plant extract. AgainstS. obvelata, at 700 mg/kg b.w., 28.92% and 33.85% reduction in EPG and worm counts were recorded respectively.ConclusionAlthough the reference drugs showed better in vitro and in vivo efficacy, the plant extract showed a better in vitro efficacy against cestode parasite compared to its nematode counterpart indicating that it possesses a better cestocidal efficacy. EPG reductions were higher againstH. diminuta, whereas worm count reduction was higher againstS. obvelata. The findings justify the use ofC. compressusas an anthelmintic in the traditional medicine of the Santhals of India.
Apolipoprotein CIII and Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 are Elevated in Lipodystrophy and Decrease after Metreleptin
Authors: Lightbourne Marissa , Wolska Anna , Abel Brent S , Rother Kristina I , Walter Mary , Kushchayeva Yevgeniya , Auh Sungyoung , Shamburek Robert D , Remaley Alan T , Muniyappa Ranganath , Brown Rebecca J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Lipodystrophy syndromes cause hypertriglyceridemia that improves with leptin treatment using metreleptin. Mechanisms causing hypertriglyceridemia and improvements after metreleptin are incompletely understood.

Objective
Determine relationship of circulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) modulators with hypertriglyceridemia in healthy controls and in patients with lipodystrophy before and after metreleptin.

Methods
Cross-sectional comparison of patients with lipodystrophy (generalized lipodystrophy n = 3; partial lipodystrophy n = 11) vs age/sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28), and longitudinal analyses in patients before and after 2 weeks and 6 months of metreleptin. The study was carried out at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Outcomes were LPL stimulators apolipoprotein (apo) C-II and apoA-V and inhibitors apoC-III and angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3, 4, and 8; ex vivo activation of LPL by plasma.

Results
Patients with lipodystrophy were hypertriglyceridemic and had higher levels of all LPL stimulators and inhibitors vs controls except for ANGPTL4, with &gt;300-fold higher ANGPTL8, 4-fold higher apoC-III, 3.5-fold higher apoC-II, 1.9-fold higher apoA-V, 1.6-fold higher ANGPTL3 (P &lt; .05 for all). At baseline, all LPL modulators except ANGPLT4 positively correlated with triglycerides. Metreleptin decreased apoC-II and apoC-III after 2 weeks and 6 months, and decreased ANGPTL8 after 6 months (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Plasma from patients with lipodystrophy caused higher ex vivo LPL activation vs hypertriglyceridemic control plasma (P &lt; .0001), which did not change after metreleptin.

Conclusion
Elevations in LPL inhibitors apoC-III and ANGPTL8 may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in lipodystrophy, and may mediate reductions in circulating and hepatic triglycerides after metreleptin. These therefore are strong candidates for therapies to lower triglycerides in these patients.
Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Awake Breast Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Pedrosa Filipa P. , Cravo Hugo 
Published: December 2020

Thoracic fascial blocks have been included in multimodal analgesia for breast surgery. Fewer studies demonstrate its use as a regional anesthesia technique. The serratus anterior plane (SAP) block provides anesthesia to the lateral thoracic wall and the axilla, the surgical area of some breast surgeries, with a single injection.
This article reports the use of the SAP block as an anesthetic technique for breast lumpectomy with axillary dissection ensuring good surgical conditions and patient safety.
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Direct C–H Addition to Carbonyls and Michael Acceptors
Authors: Gu Qing , Wu Zhi-Jie , You Shu-Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnantioselective C-H addition is one of the most straightforward and efficient approaches towards the synthesis of optically active molecules from readily available arenes. The most significant feature of these reactions is that the nucleophilic aryl metal species is generated catalytically in situvia C–H bond activation. These reactions typically proceed without requirement of either strongly basic or acidic conditions, thus with good functional group compatibility. In this review, recent progress on transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective direct C-H addition to polar unsaturated bonds is summarized. The intramolecular C-H additions to carbonyls enabled by Ir(I) or Rh(III) catalyst provided an access to chiral alcohol scaffolds with high efficiency. Planar chiral 1,2-substituted ferrocenes were afforded by C-H addition of ferrocenes to acrylates by an Ir/chiral diene catalyst. In addition, the asymmetric hydroarylation reactions of Michael acceptors including acrylates, α, β-unsaturated esters and nitroolefins were also described. Moreover, the enantioselective conjugate additions of aromatic and benzylic C-H bonds to α, β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by Cp*M(III)/chiral acid hybrid catalyst (M = Rh, Co) were presented. These enantioselective C-H additions provided a straightforward access to structurally diverse and valuable chiral fragments. Meanwhile, the reaction mechanisms are also introduced.
Understanding the economic impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: Cullinan John , Ní Chomhraí Orla , Kindlon Tom , Black Leeanne , Casey Bláthín 
Published: December 2020

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling and complex chronic disease of unknown origin, whose symptoms, severity, and progression are extremely variable. Despite being relatively common, the condition is poorly understood and routine diagnostic tests and biomarkers are unavailable. There is no evidence on the economic impact of ME/CFS in Ireland. Methods: Adopting a patient and public involvement approach, we undertook three semi-structured focus groups, which together included 15 ME/CFS patients and 6 informal carers, to consider costs related to ME/CFS in Ireland, including how and why they arise. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and we employed thematic analysis following the approach set out in Braun and Clarke (2006). Results: Themes from the data were: (1) Healthcare barriers and costs; (2) Socioeconomic costs; (3) Costs of disability; and, (4) Carer-related costs. Patient participants described a range of barriers to effective healthcare that led to extra costs, including delays getting a diagnosis, poor awareness/understanding of the condition by healthcare professionals, and a lack of effective treatments. These were linked to poor prognosis of the illness by participants who, as a result, faced a range of indirect costs, including poorer labour market and education outcomes, and lower economic well-being. Direct extra costs of disability were also described, often due to difficulties accessing appropriate services and supports. Informal carer participants described a range of impacts, including time costs, burnout, and impacts on work and study. Conclusions: The data suggests that ME/CFS patients face a wide range of costs, while there are also wider societal costs in the form of costs to the health service, lost productivity, and impacts on informal carers. These results will inform ongoing research that aims to quantify the economic burden of ME/CFS in Ireland and raise awareness of the illness amongst healthcare providers and policymakers.
Comparison of processing speed of typical wavefront reconstruction
methods for lateral shearing interferometry
Authors: Li Peng , Tang Feng , Wang Xiangzhao 
Published: December 2020

Lateral shearing interferometry is widely applied in wavefront sensing,
optical components testing, and defect inspection. The procedure of
reconstructing the wavefront is the most specific difference between
lateral shearing interferometry and other classical methods such as
the Fizeau and Twyman interferometers. The speed and accuracy are two
main features to evaluate the performance of one wavefront
reconstruction method. In this work, optimized procedures for three
typical wavefront reconstruction methods—the iterative FFT wavefront
reconstruction method (FFT method), the partial differential
least-squares method (LSQ method), and the difference Zernike
polynomial fitting method (DZF method)—are designed. The calculation
speeds of the three wavefront reconstruction methods are evaluated
with different GPUs and CPUs. According to the test results, the DZF
method is the fastest method both in the GPUs and CPUs. The shortest
processing times of the DZF, FFT, and LSQ methods are 100, 449, and
494 ms, respectively, with the wavefront size of

1024

×
1024

p
i
x
e
l
s

. The calculation speeds of the FFT
method and the LSQ method are similar in the CPUs, and the FFT method
is faster in the GPUs. The relationship between the consumed time and
the wavefront size is an exponential function in the CPUs and a power
function in the GPUs. Generally speaking, GPUs’ processing speeds are
faster than CPUs’. But CPUs can be faster than GPUs when the test
wavefront sizes are smaller than

64

×
64

p
i
x
e
l
s

. Besides, the differences between the
consumed times of different CPUs are relatively smaller than those of
the GPUs.
Spatiotemporal model for FRET networks with multiple donors and acceptors: multicomponent exponential decay derived from the master equation
Authors: Nakagawa Masaki , Miyata Yuki , Tate Naoya , Nishimura Takahiro , Shimomura Suguru , Shirasaka Sho , Tanida Jun , Suzuki Hideyuki 
Published: December 2020

In networks of spatially distributed fluorescent molecules, Förster
resonance energy transfer (FRET) can simultaneously occur over
multiple locations and times. Such “FRET networks” have great
potential for information-processing and computing applications. To
design these applications, the spatiotemporal behavior of FRET
networks should be understood. However, studies on their
spatiotemporal behavior are scarce. Here, we develop a spatiotemporal
model for FRET networks and uncover its temporal characteristic
behavior. We theoretically show that our model can generate a
distinctive temporal behavior, i.e., the network-induced
multicomponent exponential decay of the fluorescence intensity, even
for FRET networks of fluorophores with an identical single exponential
decay. This theoretical result is supported experimentally using
quantum dots.
Applications of EEG indices for the quantification of human cognitive performance: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ismail Lina Elsherif , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNeuroergonomics combines neuroscience with ergonomics to study human performance using recorded brain signals. Such neural signatures of performance can be measured using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and electroencephalography (EEG). EEG has an excellent temporal resolution, and EEG indices are highly sensitive to human brain activity fluctuations.ObjectiveThe focus of this systematic review was to explore the applications of EEG indices for quantifying human performance in a variety of cognitive tasks at the macro and micro scales. To identify trends and the state of the field, we examined global patterns among selected articles, such as journal contributions, highly cited papers, affiliations, and high-frequency keywords. Moreover, we discussed the most frequently used EEG indices and synthesized current knowledge regarding the EEG signatures of associated human performance measurements.MethodsIn this systematic review, we analyzed articles published in English (from peer-reviewed journals, proceedings, and conference papers), Ph.D. dissertations, textbooks, and reference books. All articles reviewed herein included exclusively EEG-based experimental studies in healthy participants. We searched Web-of-Science and Scopus databases using specific sets of keywords.ResultsOut of 143 papers, a considerable number of cognitive studies focused on quantifying human performance with respect to mental fatigue, mental workload, mental effort, visual fatigue, emotion, and stress. An increasing trend for publication in this area was observed, with the highest number of publications in 2017. Most studies applied linear methods (e.g., EEG power spectral density and the amplitude of event-related potentials) to evaluate human cognitive performance. A few papers utilized nonlinear methods, such as fractal dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent, and signal entropy. More than 50% of the studies focused on evaluating an individual’s mental states while operating a vehicle. Several different methods of artifact removal have also been noted. Based on the reviewed articles, research gaps, trends, and potential directions for future research were explored.ConclusionThis systematic review synthesized current knowledge regarding the application of EEG indices for quantifying human performance in a wide variety of cognitive tasks. This knowledge is useful for understanding the global patterns of applications of EEG indices for the analysis and design of cognitive tasks.
Determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age women: A community based unmatched case control study at Dessie city administration, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Shimels Hailemeskel Habtamu , Assebe Tesfaye , Alemayehu Tadesse , Belay Demeke Mesfin , Teshome Fentaw , Baye Alemwork , Bayih Wubet Alebachew 
Published: December 2020

Background
Short birth interval is a universal public health problem resulting in adverse fetal, neonatal, child and maternal outcomes. In Ethiopia, more than 50% of the overall inter birth spacing is short. However, prior scientific evidence on its determinants is limited and even then findings are inconsistent.

Methods
A community -based unmatched case-control study was employed on 218 cases and 436 controls. Cases were ever married reproductive age women whose last delivery has been in the past five years with birth interval of less than 3 years between the latest two successive live births whereas those women with birth interval of 3–5 years were taken as controls. A multistage sampling technique was employed on 30% of the kebeles in Dessie city administration. A pre-tested interviewer based questionnaire was used to collect data by 16 trained diploma nurses and 8 health extension workers supervised by 4 BSc nurses. The collected data were cleaned, coded and double entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression model was considered and those variables with P<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered in to final model after which statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI.

Result
In this study, contraceptive use (AOR = 11.2, 95% CI: 5.95–21.15), optimal breast feeding for at least 2 years (AOR = 0.098, 95% CI:0.047–0.208), age at first birth <25 years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.282–0.761), having male preceding child (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.166–0.793) and knowing the duration of optimum birth interval correctly (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.245–0.811) were significant determinants of short birth interval.

Conclusion
Contraceptive use, duration of breast feeding, age at first birth, preceding child sex and correct understanding of the duration of birth interval were significant determinants of short birth interval. Fortunately, all these significant factors are likely modifiable. Thus, the existing efforts of optimizing birth interval should be enhanced through proper designation and implementation of different strategies on safe breastfeeding practice, modern contraceptive use and maternal awareness about the health merits of optimum birth interval.
Survival features, prognostic factors, and determinants of diagnosis and treatment among Iranian patients with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study
Authors: Sheikh Mahdi , Masoudi Sahar , Bakhshandeh Razieh , Moayyedkazemi Alireza , Zamani Farhad , Nikfam Sepideh , Mansouri Masoumeh , Shishavan Neda Ghamarzad , Nikeghbalian Saman , Brennan Paul , Malekzadeh Reza , Pourshams Akram 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Investigating the survival features, and determinants of treatment and stage at presentation in Iran

Methods
461 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) were prospectively enrolled from Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2011–2018. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography scanning, and physical examination. Validated questionnaire was completed for the participants and all were actively followed on monthly basis.

Results
Median survival time was 6.5 months, and 1-, and 5-year survival rates were 26.2%, and 1.5%. Patients who were older (p<0.001), illiterate (p = 0.004), unmarried (p = 0.003), rural inhabitant (p = 0.013), opium user (p = 0.039), and had lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002) had lower overall survival. Tumors located in the head of pancreas were more commonly diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). Only 10.4% of patients underwent surgery who were more commonly educated (p<0.001), married (p = 0.005), had a tumor located in the head of pancreas (p = 0.016), and were diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders and risk factors, rural inhabitance (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01–1.74)), having more symptoms (HR for each increasing symptom: 1.06 (1.02–1.11)), using opium (HR: 1.51 (1.04–2.20)), having a tumor located in the body of pancreas (HR: 1.33 (1.02–1.75)), and having an advanced tumor stage (HR: 2.07 (1.34–3.19)) remained significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. After the adjusting for potential confounders, we did not find significant relationships between smoking, alcohol intake, and BMI with the risk of death among patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions
Iranian patients with PC have very poor long-term survival. Besides tumor’s stage and location, socioeconomic disparities could affect the probabilities of receiving treatment and/or survival in these patients. Opium use is an independent risk factor for mortality among PC patients in Iran.
INTEGRAÇÃO IOT E GIS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE SUAS APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Carlos Caria Sacramento Iran , Fernandes Vivian de Oliveira , De Andrade Marques Ferreira Emerson 
Published: December 2020

A Internet of Things (IoT) está levando inúmeros benefícios para a vida humana por meio de serviços inteligentes. Com o crescimento massivo dos grandes conjuntos de dados dinâmicos, a aplicação de novos métodos para integração de tecnologias vem se tornando mais diversificados do que antes. Assim, o Geographic Information System (GIS) aparece como uma plataforma acessível, visto que, os métodos de gerenciamento e/ou monitoramento requerem uma múltipla fusão de informações. Este artigo visa analisar através da estatística descritiva as diferentes abordagens, contribuições e soluções quanto as aplicações relacionadas à integração da IoT e o GIS. A Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) foi utilizada enquanto método de pesquisa, envolvendo as seguintes etapas: (a) planejamento da revisão, (b) técnica de seleção e (c) análise dos resultados. Os resultados possibilitaram evidenciar lacunas de pesquisa, vantagens e desvantagens quanto aos métodos investigados. As áreas de aplicação identificadas envolvem a segurança, operação e manutenção, saúde, tráfego e mobilidade urbana, arquitetura para implementação de sistema, agricultura de precisão e monitoramento ambiental. Considera-se que as abordagens relativas a IoT e ao GIS dispõe de uma grande diversidade de ferramentas para a exploração destas tecnologias, demonstrando que esta integração está em pleno desenvolvimento.
Atg1 kinase regulates autophagosome‐vacuole fusion by controlling SNARE bundling
Authors: Barz Saskia , Kriegenburg Franziska , Henning Anna , Bhattacharya Anuradha , Mancilla Hector , Sánchez‐Martín Pablo , Kraft Claudine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutophagy mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic material. Upon autophagy induction, autophagosomes form a sealed membrane around the cargo and fuse with the lytic compartment to release the cargo for degradation. In order to avoid premature fusion of immature autophagosomal membranes with the lytic compartment, this process needs to be tightly regulated. Several factors mediating autophagosome–vacuole fusion have recently been identified. In budding yeast, autophagosome–vacuole fusion requires the R‐SNARE Ykt6 on the autophagosome, together with the three Q‐SNAREs Vam3, Vam7, and Vti1 on the vacuole. However, how these SNAREs are regulated during the fusion process is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the regulation of Ykt6. We found that Ykt6 is directly phosphorylated by Atg1 kinase, which keeps this SNARE in an inactive state. Ykt6 phosphorylation prevents SNARE bundling by disrupting its interaction with the vacuolar SNAREs Vam3 and Vti1, thereby preventing premature autophagosome–vacuole fusion. These findings shed new light on the regulation of autophagosome–vacuole fusion and reveal a further step in autophagy controlled by the Atg1 kinase.