bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Multiband Communication Using SDR for Remote Application
Authors: Gummineni Madhuri , Polipalli Trinatha Rao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To develop Next Generation Wireless Communication a generic hardware design is required so that it can be driven by software to allow for future upgrades. Thus Reconfigurable Radio implements multi-band, multi-mode operation and interoperability with low-cost. For reducing response time between incompatible radios during emergencies interoperability is essential for a secure heterogeneous communication. Some of the Challenges identified for implementing reliable and reconfigurable wireless communication systems are: specific training required for using the equipment, end-to-end connectivity between devices, extending link capacity during the high peak utilization. Each device and architecture will differ based on the type of communication system. Interconnecting emerging fields enhances the performance , implementation helps to come across alternatives to overcome practical difficulties and challenges of connecting different fields to Cognitive Radio(CR). Earlier research gave prominence to theoretical and simulation-based work. This motivates us to verify interoperability in real time using SDR. This paper describes the implementation of a Multiband, multimode operation for establishing communication between different types of architecture i.e. VUSDR (HAM), Hack RF One, LoRa, RF module, GSM module and USRP N210 to prove reliability and end-to-end communication.
Health Lifestyles and Their Influence on Chinese Oldest-old’s Health Outcomes —Evidence From a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Bi Xiangyang , Ding Zhihong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA strong association between individual health behaviors and health outcomes has been emphasized by previous analyses. However, how individual health behaviors can be classified into health lifestyles and the manner in which health lifestyles have impacted Chinese oldest-old’s health status are largely unknown.MethodsAnalyzing the 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), latent class analysis was applied to identify predominant health lifestyles among Chinese oldest-old aged 85 to 105.ResultsFour distinct classes representing health lifestyles emerged. Health lifestyles were found to be strongly associated with Chinese oldest-old’s health outcomes which were measured by self-rated health, functional independence, cognitive function and chronic diseases, even after controlling for demographic features as well as individual and parental socioeconomic disadvantage. Findings also showed a convergence of health disparities caused by demographic and SES characteristics in very old age.ConclusionsChinese oldest-old showed four predominant health lifestyles with only 21.9% of the sample had consistently healthy lifestyle behaviors. The significant influence of health lifestyles on health remained after age 85, .highlighting the importance of promoting health lifestyles to advance the oldest-old’s health status.
Evolutionary and Functional Lessons from Human-Specific Amino-Acid Substitution Matrices
Authors: Shauli Tair , Brandes Nadav , Linial Michal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The characterization of human genetic variation in coding regions is fundamental to the understanding of protein function, structure and evolution. Amino-acid (AA) substitution matrices encapsulate the stochastic nature of such proteomic variation and are widely used in studying protein families and evolutionary processes. The conventional substitution matrices, namely BLOSUM and PAM, were constructed to reflect polymorphism across species. In this study, we analyzed the frequencies of >4.8M single nucleotide variants within the healthy human population to accurately represent proteomic variability within the human species, at codon and AA resolution. Our model exposes various AA substitutions which are observed more frequently in one specific direction than in the opposite direction. We further demonstrate that nucleotide substitution rates only partially determine AA substitution rates. Finally, we investigate AA substitutions in post-translational modification and ion-binding sites, exposing purifying selection over a range of residue-based functions. These novel matrices provide a robust baseline for the analysis of protein variation in health and disease.
Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation
Authors: Storm Nadia , McKay Lindsay , Downs Sierra , Johnson Rebecca , Birru Dagnachew , de Samber Marc , Willaert Walter , Cennini Giovanni , Griffiths Anthony 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 23 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 800 000 deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.
CO2 Electrocatalyst Design Using Graph Theory
Authors: Wang Ziyun , Li Yuguang , Boes Jacob , Wang Ying , Sargent Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to higher-order hydrocarbons or oxygenates using low-carbon electricity offers a promising path to generate renewable fuels and chemicals; however, the low selectivity of present-day CO2RR catalysts toward more valuable C3 products limits technoeconomically compelling avenues toward productization. Systematically enumerating possible intermediates and reactions to the set of possible {C1, C2, and C3} CO2RR products entails 3206 intermediates and 4506 reactions. Here we use graph theory to enumerate these possibilities comprehensively, treating intermediates as graph nodes and pathways as graph edges. C3 products fall into two groups, group A (1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propionaldehyde) and group B (acetone and hydroxyacetone); and we find that an early branch reaction, three steps after C1-C2 coupling, bifurcates these two groups of C3 products. We develop a set of C3 descriptors and screen catalysts for CO2RR to C3 products: specifically, we screen bimetallic (doped Cu) catalysts for their combination of CO binding, C1-C1 coupling and C1-C2 coupling. Cu and also Au- and Ag-doped Cu fulfill the first two requirements; but the set of promising C1-C2 coupling catalysts (Ni-doped Pb and Al-doped Pb) needed to get to C3 is nonoverlapping with that for CO binding and C1-C1 coupling. Our findings agree with the experimental picture that Cu, while among the most productive to propanol, has been limited in F.E. to the 10-20% range; and that, to date, no single catalyst has achieved exceptional C3 productivity. We discuss tandem catalyst designs where a first catalyst promotes CO binding and C1-C1, and where these C2 and C1 intermediates can come together for coupling on a second distinct class of integrated catalysts.
What Alternative and Innovative Sources of Healthcare Finance Can Be Explored for the Sustainability of the National Health Insurance Scheme of Ghana? Perspectives of Health Managers
Authors: Laar Alexander Suuk , Asare Michael , Dalinjong Philip Ayizem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Sustainable healthcare financing is one of the key components for the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) globally. This study explored health managers views on alternative and sustainable healthcare financing sources for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 16 health facility managers were held. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. A written consent was obtained from participants prior to participation in the interview. Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic framework approach. Results All the participants indicated reimbursement of claims to health facilities by the NHIS as the main challenge. They attributed reasons to inadequate provision of funds from Government and the National Health Insurance Authority. Concerns were raised about how the situation affected health managers’ delivery of services to insured clients. Participants suggested exploring of additional funding sources by levying of special taxes on incomes from local natural resources and telecommunication service companies in Ghana to raise additional funds. Conclusion The findings of this study are important to government of Ghana and similar settings in LMICs who are working towards sustainable financing of their UHC system.
Clinical Characteristics of Mild/moderate COVID-19 Patients with a Prolonged Negative Conversion Time of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Yang Ya , Hu Xiaogang , Xiong Lirong , Fu Peishu , Feng Wei , Li Wei , Zhang Liwen , Sun Fengjun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The impact of COVID-19 has been devastating on a global scale. Our study aimed to identify factors in predicting prolonged negative conversion time (NCT) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. Methods: The clinical features and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed from 32 hospitalized mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. Then univariate and multivariate analysis were used to predict in the factors of prolonged NCT of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.Results: The general clinical symptoms were cough (78.1%), fever (75%), diarrhea (68.8%), expectoration (56.3%), and nausea (37.5%). More than 40% of the patients had decreased erythrocyte, hemoglobin and leucocyte and 93.8% patients were detected in abnormalities of chest CT. The median NCT of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was 19.5 days (IQR: 14.25–25). Univariate analysis found fever, nausea, diarrhea and abnormalities in chest CTs were positively associated with prolonged NCT of viral RNA (P<0.05). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed that fever [Exp (B), 0.284; 95% CI, 0.114‑0.707; P＜0.05] and nausea [Exp (B), 0.257; 95%CI, 0.096‑0.689; P＜0.05] were two significant independent factors. Conclusions: Fever, nausea, diarrhea and abnormalities in chest CT are potential factors for predicting prolonged NCT of viral RNA. Moreover, Fever and nausea were two significant independent factors in prolonged NCT of viral RNA in mild/moderate COVID-19 patients.
Rapid Recovery from Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure after treatment with VIP
Authors: Youssef J. Georges , Javitt Jonathan , Al-Saadi Mukhtar , Zahiruddin Faisal , Beshay Sarah , Bittar Mohammad Z. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) blocks replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, inhibits cytokine synthesis, prevents cytopathy, and upregulates surfactant production in human pulmonary cells. RLF-100™ (aviptadil), is currently in phase 2/3 trials with FDA Fast Track designation for treating Critical COVID-19 with Respiratory Failure. Methods: Case series of 21 consecutive with Critical COVID-19 and multiple co-morbidities, treated with intravenous aviptadil (synthetic VIP). Sixteen patients were treated with ventilation alone and five with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Results: So far, 19 of 21 patients have survived. Improved radiographic appearance was seen in both lungs of 17 patients and in one lung of 2 patients. A mean 2.5-fold increase in PaO2:FiO2 ratio was seen (P<0.0001) with complete remission from respiratory failure in 9 patients and ongoing improvement in 10. Seven patients were discharged from the hospital, 7 sent to intermediate care, and 5 remain in the ICU. Four of 5 patients on ECMO have been decannulated, and thus far three have been discharged. A 75% (95% CI±3%: P<.001) reduction in IL-6 was seen with corresponding decrease in C-reactive protein. A median 3 point reduction (mean 2.7; P<0.001) in the WHO Ordinal Scale was observed (P<.001). Comment: The short term outcome in these 21 patients represent a dramatic response in patients whose comorbidities precluded their randomization in all other trials of COVID therapeutics and who were previously treated with remdesivir, tocilizumab, or convalescent plasma. Improvement in radiographic appearance, oxygenation requirement, and inflammatory markers is consistent with in vitro evidence of direct anti-viral effect
The Impact of Colchicine on The COVID-19 Patients; A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Salehzadeh Farhad , Pourfarzi Farhad , Ataei Sobhan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 infection has evolved into a global pandemic. This study has been designed to evaluate colchicine anti-inflammatory effect on the symptoms course, duration of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality rate, of COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this prospective, open-label, randomized and double blind clinical trial, 100 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were randomized in a 1:1 allocation from May 21 to June 20, 2020, to either standard medical treatment (Hydroxychloroquine) or colchicine with standard medical treatment. The study took place in Imam Reza hospital of Ardabil city in Iran, with trial registration ID: 47707 (irct.ir). Colchicine group were received 1 mg tablet of colchicine daily alongside the Hydroxychloroquine for 6 days. Primary end points were (1) Length of hospitalization; (2) symptoms and (3) Co-existed disease. Secondary end points were examined 2 weeks after discharge and included (1) mortality and morbidity; (2) re-admission and (3) symptoms. Results: Overall, 100 patients (59 [59%] female; median age, 56 years) fulfilled the admission criteria and were included and randomized at 2 clinical groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex. Two groups were not significantly different in terms of underlying diseases and various clinical and para clinical findings although there were not any different during Post-discharge follow-up except for duration of fever (P<0.05). Comparing two groups showed significantly different only in the duration of hospitalized (P<0.05). Although in colchicine group dyspnea was improved more rapid than the placebo group, but it was not meaningful. Conclusion: Colchicine can be effective in reducing systemic symptoms of COVID-19 by inhibiting inflammatory biomarkers.Current Controlled prospective Trials registration ID that has been approved by ICMJE and WHO ICTRP registry is IRCT20200418047126N1, and the date of registration is 2020-05-14.
Practice and Factors Influencing Partograph Utilization on the Delivery of nursing care: An analytical Cross – Sectional Study among Nurses in Singida, Tanzania
Authors: Peter Dedius E. , Millanzi Walter C. , Joho Angelina A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Partograph is the graphic recording for labour management and monitoring of pregnant women in labour pain. The well-plotted data allow the nurse to recognize any abnormal conditions earlier and decide to employ proper actions to the particular pregnant mother in labour pain during the delivery of nursing care. However, its uses have been recommended by WHO among nurses around the globe but it is not fully utilized. This study aimed to determine the level of practice and factors influencing partograph utilization among nurses in Singida, Tanzania.
Methods

Analytical cross sectional study was conducted involving 150 nurses randomly selected from Sokoine health center and Singida Regional Referral Hospital in Singida municipality, Tanzania from January to February 2020. A self-administered structured questionnaire on partograph use to deliver maternal care among pregnant women was the main data collection tool. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software program version 23 was used for data entry, screening, processing, and analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in which findings were presented in tables.
Results

Out of 150 nurse midwives 58.7% (n = 88) were females. Only 38.7% (n = 58) of the study respondents had a high level of practice on the utilization of partograph during labour monitoring. Their levels of education were identified to be a protective factor because those who had University education were more times likely to practice using partograph when delivering care compared to other lower education levels (AOR = 16.757; 95%CI: 6.394; 43.915; p < 0.01). Also, their professional qualifications were discovered to be a protective factor because nurse officers and midwives officers were more times likely to practice using partograph as compared to other professional qualifications (AOR = 8.323; p = 0.004; 95%CI: 0.098; 0.642).
Conclusion

This study found that many nurses in Singida municipality had a low level of practice in utilizing partograph when delivering of health care among patients. Continuous and formal supportive supervisions and on job training at national and health facilities need to be emphasized and adhered to promote quality of health services by use of partograph and cost-effective maternal and newborns health.
Prevalence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Associated Factors in Under-five Children in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Getaneh Dawit Kassaye , Hordofa Lemessa Oljira , Ayana Desalegn Admassu , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay , Regassa Lemma Demissie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most potent zoonotic pathogens that causes mild diarrhea and leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome or death. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of Escherichia coli O157:H7 related to diarrhea among under-five children with acute diarrhea. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out in 2018 on 378 under-five-year children recruited randomly from Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Stool specimens were collected and processed using enrichment, differential and selective medium. Among isolates, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was confirmed using latex test (Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hants, England). Factors associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection were identified using binary and multivariable logistic regression. Associations were reported by odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval. Results: Magnitude of E. coli O157:H7 related diarrhea was 15.3% (95%CI: 11.8-19.5). The E.coli infection was positively associated with rural residence (AOR;3.75, 95%CI:1.26-11.20), consumption of undercooked meat (AOR;3.95, 95%CI: 1.23-12.67), raw vegetables and/or fruit juice (AOR;3.37, 95%CI:1.32-8.62), presence of bloody diarrhea (AOR;4.42, 95% CI:1.78-10.94), number of under-five children in a household (AOR;7.16, 95%CI: 2.90-17.70), presence of person with diarrhea in a household (AOR;4.22, 95% CI: 1.84-12.69), owning domestic animal (AOR;3.87, 95% CI: 1.48-10.12) and uneducated mother (AOR;3.14, 95%CI: 1.05-9.42).Conclusion: The magnitude of E. coli O157:H7 related diarrhea among under-five children is relatively high in Eastern Ethiopia. The E. coli infection was associated with sanitation and hygiene in a household. Thus, education focused on food cooking and handling, child care and household sanitation associated with animal manure in rural resident children are helpful it.
Patient Safety in Outpatient Care: Results of A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study About Medication Errors and Medication Management
Authors: Strube-Lahmann Sandra , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Klingelhöfer-Noe Jürgen , Suhr Ralf , Lahmann Nils Axel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication errors occur frequently. Studies assume that up to 30% of care recipients are exposed to a possible medication error. Specific medication errors include taking the wrong doses or quantities of medication as well as omitting medication. For the outpatient sector, the study situation regarding such errors is limited. Therefore, it was investigated how often medication errors occur or have been reported and whether they are related to training, quality assurance measures and other structural conditions of outpatient care services. Methods: A Germany-wide cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2016/2017 among care employees of outpatient care services. A total of 107 outpatient care services with 656 employees were included in the study. Within the framework of logistic regressions, correlations were investigated between errors committed and errors reported in terms of the years of work experience, completed medication training, the type of employment, geographical location of employment, application of the dual control principle, and the number of patients per shift. Results: A total of 107 outpatient care services could be included in the study, with 656 employees. Of 413 fully qualified nurses, 48.9% stated that they had themselves made an error in a 12-month period. Of all care workers questioned, 30.2% said they had reported errors, with 127 people providing no information on this issue. Provided that nurses had attended medication training within the last two years, the odds of not making medication-related errors were almost twice as high (odds ratio (OR) 1.79; confidence interval (CI) 1.42 - 3.09). Whenever nursing staff applied the dual control principle, the odds of not making a mistake were more than three times higher (OR 3.13; IK 1.88-5.20) than when the principle was not applied. The odds of reporting an error were almost twice as high (OR 1.92; IK 1.18-3.13) when the dual control principle was used compared to when it was not used. Conclusion: Medication-related errors occur frequently in outpatient care. Regular training and adequate quality management measures (e.g. application of the dual control principle) can help to make the medication process safer for everyone involved in outpatient care.
Webinar Education in Ophthalmology during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study
Authors: Joltikov Katherine , Edward Deepak P. , MacIntosh Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ophthalmology education is changing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the implementation of webinars combined with online resources for review for ophthalmology trainees. Methods: This is a single-center descriptive survey study. A validated survey tool was distributed 2 months after implementation of webinar education. The survey population comprised residents, fellows, and faculty in a Chicago ophthalmology training program.Results: Eighteen residents (100% response rate), 9 fellows (81.8% response rate) and 20 faculty members (44.4% response rate) responded to the survey. Barriers to webinar education and limitations to learning during webinars were rated as low in both groups (avg. 1.98 ± 2.04 and 2.16 ± 1.82, respectively). The educational value of the webinars was moderately well rated (avg. 7.35 ± 1.66). Interest in webinars replacing in-person lectures was neutral (avg. 5.45 ± 2.54). Faculty expressed fewer barriers (p = 0.005), and a higher preference to use webinar education frequently (p = 0.003) and instead of in-person lectures (p = 0.009), compared to trainees. Conclusions: The findings of this survey suggest that webinars in ophthalmology education are effective and feasible, with some perceived limitations.