bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical Dystonia Incidence and Diagnostic Delay in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: LaHue Sara C. , Albers Kathleen , Goldman Samuel , Lo Raymond Y. , Gu Zhuqin , Leimpeter Amethyst , Fross Robin , Comyns Kathleen , Marras Connie , de Kleijn Annelie , Smit Robin , Katz Maya , Ozelius Laurie J. , Bressman Susan , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Comella Cynthia , Klingman Jeffrey , Nelson Lorene M. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Tanner Caroline M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent cervical dystonia (CD) incidence estimates are based on small numbers in relatively ethnically homogenous populations. The frequency and consequences of delayed CD diagnosis is poorly characterized.ObjectivesTo determine CD incidence and characterize CD diagnostic delay within a large, multiethnic integrated health maintenance organization.MethodsWe identified incident CD cases using electronic medical records and multistage screening of more than 3 million Kaiser Permanente Northern California members from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2007. A final diagnosis was made by movement disorders specialist consensus. Diagnostic delay was measured by questionnaire and health utilization data. Incidence rates were estimated assuming a Poisson distribution of cases and directly standardized to the 2000 U.S. census. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess diagnoses and behaviors preceding CD compared with matched controls, adjusting for age, sex, and membership duration.ResultsCD incidence was 1.18/100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–2.0; women, 1.81; men, 0.52) based on 200 cases over 15.4 million person‐years. Incidence increased with age. Half of the CD patients interviewed reported diagnostic delay. Diagnoses more common in CD patients before the index date included essential tremor (odds ratio [OR] 68.1; 95% CI, 28.2–164.5), cervical disc disease (OR 3.83; 95% CI, 2.8–5.2), neck sprain/strain (OR 2.77; 95% CI, 1.99–3.62), anxiety (OR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.63–3.11) and depression (OR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.4–2.68).ConclusionsCD incidence is greater in women and increases with age. Diagnostic delay is common and associated with adverse effects. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Genetic and molecular mechanism for distinct clinical phenotypes conveyed by allelic truncating mutations implicated in FBN1
Authors: Lin Mao , Liu Zhenlei , Liu Gang , Zhao Sen , Li Chao , Chen Weisheng , Coban Akdemir Zeynep , Lin Jiachen , Song Xiaofei , Wang Shengru , Xu Qiming , Zhao Yanxue , Wang Lianlei , Zhang Yuanqiang , Yan Zihui , Liu Sen , Liu Jiaqi , Chen Yixin , Zuo Yuzhi , Yang Xu , Sun Tianshu , Yang Xin‐Zhuang , Niu Yuchen , Li Xiaoxin , You Wesley , Qiu Bintao , Ding Chen , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Shuyang , Carvalho Claudia M. B. , Posey Jennifer E. , Qiu Guixing ,   Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis and COmorbidities (DISCO) study, Lupski James R. , Wu Zhihong , Zhang Jianguo , Wu Nan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular and genetic mechanisms by which different single nucleotide variant alleles in specific genes, or at the same genetic locus, cause distinct disease phenotypes often remain unclear. Allelic truncating mutations of FBN1 could cause either classical Marfan syndrome (MFS) or a more complicated phenotype associated with Marfanoid–progeroid–lipodystrophy syndrome (MPLS).MethodsWe investigated a small cohort, encompassing two classical MFS and one MPLS subjects from China, whose clinical presentation included scoliosis potentially requiring surgical intervention. Targeted next generation sequencing was performed on all the participants. We analyzed the molecular diagnosis, clinical features, and the potential molecular mechanism involved in the MPLS subject in our cohort.ResultsWe report a novel de novo FBN1 mutation for the first Chinese subject with MPLS, a more complicated fibrillinopathy, and two subjects with more classical MFS. We further predict that the MPLS truncating mutation, and others previously reported, is prone to escape the nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), while MFS mutations are predicted to be subjected to NMD. Also, the MPLS mutation occurs within the glucogenic hormone asprosin domain of FBN1. In vitro experiments showed that the single MPLS mutation p.Glu2759Cysfs*9 appears to perturb proper FBN1 protein aggregation as compared with the classical MFS mutation p.Tyr2596Thrfs*86. Both mutations appear to upregulate SMAD2 phosphorylation in vitro.ConclusionWe provide direct evidence that a dominant‐negative interaction of FBN1 potentially explains the complex MPLS phenotypes through genetic and functional analysis. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of FBN1 and highlights the potential molecular mechanism for MPLS.
Incidence and remission of stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence in midlife and older women: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Legendre Guillaume , Fritel Xavier , Panjo Henri , Zins Marie , Ringa Virginie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo analyze factors related to the incidence and remission of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) among women at midlife.MethodsA total of 2115 women participants in a prospective longitudinal survey (GAZEL cohort) were included. In 2000 and 2008, a specific questionnaire about urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms was sent to all participants. Incidence, remission, and risk factors associated with each type of UI were considered.ResultsWithin our population followed up for 8 years, we observed an overall incidence rate of UI of 21.9% (95% CI, 19.6‐24.2%) and a remission rate of 33.3% (30.1‐36.5%). For the different UI types, the incidence and remission rates were respectively 14.9% (12.9‐24.2%) and 37.9% (37.8‐42.0%) for SUI, 3.2% (2.2‐4.2%) and 25.5% (3.5‐37.5%) for UUI, 3.1% (2.1‐4.1%) and 24.6% (19.3‐29.9%) for MUI. Educational level, increase in body mass index (BMI), BMI and depression at inclusion were associated with SUI incidence. The history of surgery for UI was associated with the incidence of UUI and MUI. Surgery for SUI was significantly associated with remission, while pelvic floor rehabilitation and vaginal delivery were significantly associated with a lower SUI remission. Vaginal delivery was also negatively associated with MUI remission.ConclusionsThe influence of the standard risk factors seems to differ in each type of UI.
Noninvasive in situ proton MRS in muscle tissue and bone marrow as a novel approach to identify previous freezing in a completely thawed cadaver
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Richter Henning , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Heimer Jakob , Schaerli Sarah , Thali Michael J. , Zoelch Niklaus 
Published: November 2019

The temporary or permanent storage of human bodies in freezers following a homicide is a documented method for criminal disposal of human corpses. In these cases, the detection of characteristics which indicate that a thawed cadaver or body part was previously frozen provides crucial information for forensic casework. Previous histological and radiological approaches to detect characteristics of previous freezing are based on the formation of bubble‐like gas patterns, which are difficult to distinguish from common postmortem gas formation in the course of decomposition. The objective of this study was to detect changes in the muscle tissue and in the bone marrow after freezing and thawing by means of in situ proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to provide a noninvasive approach to detect postfreezing alterations in human cadavers. In this experimental study, the hind legs of seven sheep were used as substitutes for human tissue. One hind leg underwent 1H‐MRS before and daily after storage in a deep freezer (−20°C) and complete thawing at room temperature (study group: n = 7). The opposite hind leg was kept at room temperature and was measured daily (control group: n = 7). Spectra and relaxation times were measured using single voxel measurements in the muscle tissue and in the bone marrow. 1H‐MRS revealed several changes in the muscle tissue and in the bone marrow after freezing and thawing. A strongly reduced peak area ratio (<20) between bulk methylene and olefinic and glycerol methine and a reduced T2 relaxation time for bulk methylene (<45 ms) measured in the bone marrow were found to be indicators that a sheep leg was previously frozen and thawed independent of the postmortem interval. Noninvasive in situ 1H‐MRS in the bone marrow potentially provides a new method for detecting previous freezing or extreme cooling in cadavers.
Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of diabetes self‐efficacy in adults with type 2 diabetes and comorbid heart failure
Authors: Aga Fekadu , Dunbar Sandra B. , Kebede Tedla , Higgins Melinda Kay , Gary Rebecca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a comorbidity that complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) management and increases the chance of death. However, little is known concerning factors related to diabetes self‐efficacy in comorbid HF. This secondary data analysis was aimed at describing sociodemographic and clinical correlates of diabetes self‐efficacy in adults with T2D and comorbid HF. A correlational design was used to analyze cross‐sectional baseline data from a randomized study of 180 participants that tested a 6‐month integrated self‐care intervention targeting adults with concomitant HF and T2D. Participants were enrolled from one of four large urban‐tertiary hospitals in Atlanta, GA, during 2010–2013. Data were collected from medical records and self‐report. We used stepwise multiple linear regressions to examine variables associated with diabetes self‐efficacy. The participants' mean age was 58.1 ± 10.7 years and the majority were male (n = 118; 65.6%) and African American (n = 119; 66.1%). Good self‐rated health and presence of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) had significant positive relationships with diabetes self‐efficacy, while taking both oral antiglycemic medication and insulin, history of depression, cardiac pacemaker, and taking digitalis were negatively related. These variables collectively explained 22.4% of the variation in diabetes self‐efficacy. One study implication is that using self‐rated health provides a quick, patient‐centered assessment to evaluate patient health status. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the pathways linking ICD, pacemaker, and digitalis treatment with diabetes self‐efficacy.
The Local Food Environment and Obesity: Evidence from Three Cities
Authors: Walker Blake Byron , Shashank Aateka , Gasevic Danijela , Schuurman Nadine , Poirier Paul , Teo Koon , Rangarajan Sumathy , Yusuf Salim , Lear Scott A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the association between the food environment and obesity.MethodsBMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in 8,076 participants from three cities. The number of fast‐food restaurants, full‐service restaurants, bars/pubs, markets, and liquor stores within 500 m of each participant was documented. The association between the food environment (ratio of fast‐food to full‐service restaurants, ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores, and presence of markets) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm for males or WC ≥ 88 cm for females) was investigated, adjusted for age, sex, education level, neighborhood deprivation, neighborhood type, and total hours per week of walking and taking into account city‐level clustering.ResultsThe ratios of fast‐food to full‐service restaurants and of bars/pubs to liquor stores were positively associated with obesity (OR = 1.05 [CI: 1.02‐1.09] and OR = 1.08 [CI: 1.04‐1.13], respectively). The ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 1.10 [CI: 1.05‐1.14]). There was no association between markets and either obesity or abdominal obesity.ConclusionsFeatures of the food environment have varying associations with obesity. These features have an additive effect, and future studies should not focus on only one feature in isolation.
Reaching the Tipping Point: Identification of Thresholds at which Visceral Adipose Tissue May Steeply Increase in Youth
Authors: Kelly Aaron S. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Bosch Tyler A. , Rudser Kyle D. , Ryder Justin R. , Gross Amy C. , Chow Lisa S. , Fox Claudia K. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether children and adolescents demonstrate, similarly to adults, a threshold of total percent body fat (%BF) above which the slope of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) rises.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 557 youth, aged 8 to 18 years, with a wide range of BMI values. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition (including VAT), and fasting blood was collected for measurement of lipids, glucose, insulin, and biomarkers. Segmented linear regression analysis identified the threshold for %BF unadjusted and adjusted for Tanner stage. Linear regression with robust variance estimation compared associations of risk factors and thresholds.ResultsThresholds of %BF were identified by sex (males = 33%, females = 38%), age (< 12 years = 34%; ≥ 12 years = 30%), and race (White/non‐Hispanic = 31%; all other races/Hispanic = 38%) above which the slope of VAT was significantly steeper (all P < 0 .001). The percentage of total body fat stored as VAT was higher above versus below these thresholds (all P < 0.001). Above threshold, but not below it, VAT was associated with triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein ratio, insulin, adiponectin, and blood pressure.ConclusionsThe thresholds should be confirmed in longitudinal studies, and they may be useful in identifying youth at increased cardiometabolic risk in need of close clinical monitoring and/or intensive intervention to reduce excess adiposity.
Synthetic and theoretical investigation on nano‐Au/TiO2 catalyzed hydrothiolation for construction of C─S bond: Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Turukarabettu Vishwanath , Kalluraya Balakrishna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, we describe a new synthetic and theoretical approach for the construction of C─S bond in heterocyclic molecules undergoing nanogold catalytic hydrothiolation reaction. The experimental studies showed that the reaction proceeded via regioselective Michael‐type anti‐addition and gave the corresponding sulfur bridged 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐propenone in excellent yield. The compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral techniques. A gas phase molecular modeling study of nanogold‐catalyzed hydrothiolation of acetylenic ketone with 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐thiol was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It showed the adsorption of acetylenic ketone on nanogold and preferable coordination at the β carbon of the alkyne group. The charge calculations showed that on adsorption over nanogold, the alkyne group became more polar in nature. The frontier highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis showed a possible overlap of molecular orbitals between thiol and acetylenic β carbon to give Z isomer. The experimental and theoretical validation of bond parameters was carried out. A possible mechanism of hydrothiolation reaction was proposed based on the analogy with the results of theoretical calculations and experimental evidence.
Study on the Crystallization Rates of β‐ and ϵ‐form HNIW in in‐situ Raman Spectroscopy and FBRM
Authors: Yang Hee‐og , Kim Jun‐Hyung , Kim Kwang‐Joo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKinetics of anti‐solvent crystallization of HNIW polymorphs were studied using in situ Raman spectroscopy and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). Crystal polymorphs and supersaturation were monitored in situ by Raman spectroscopy. Crystal counts and crystal size were monitored by FBRM during anti‐solvent crystallization. The addition rate of the anti‐solvent affected the polymorph transformation, the first polymorph of the crystals, and supersaturation. At a wide range of addition rate, the unstable form, β‐form, was detected and then transformed to the stable form, ϵ‐form. By controlling the concentration and rate of addition, the stable form, ϵ‐form was only nucleated and grown without transformation. This process depended on the supersaturation and affected polymorphic transformation, concentration, nucleation rate, and growth rate, which were simultaneously monitored by Raman spectroscopy and FBRM.
A global evaluation of multi‐model ensemble tropical cyclone track probability forecasts
Authors: Titley Helen A. , Bowyer Rebecca L. , Cloke Hannah L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAt the Met Office, dynamic ensemble forecasts from the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS‐G), the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble (ECMWF ENS) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Ensemble Forecast System (NCEP GEFS) global ensemble forecast models are post‐processed to identify and track tropical cyclones. The ensemble members from each model are also combined into a 108‐member multi‐model ensemble. Track probability forecasts are produced for named tropical cyclones showing the probability of a location being within 120 km of a named tropical cyclone at any point in the next 7 days, and also broken down into each 24‐hour forecast period. This study presents the verification of these named‐storm track probabilities over a two‐year period across all global tropical cyclone basins, and compares the results from basin to basin. The combined multi‐model ensemble is found to increase the skill and value of the track probability forecasts over the best‐performing individual ensemble (ECMWF ENS), for both overall 7‐day track probability forecasts and 24‐hour track probabilities. Basin‐based and storm‐based verification illustrates that the best performing individual ensemble can change from basin to basin and from storm to storm, but that the multi‐model ensemble adds skill in every basin, and is also able to match the best performing individual ensemble in terms of overall probabilistic forecast skill in several high‐profile case‐studies. This study helps to illustrate the potential value and skill to be gained if operational tropical cyclone forecasting can continue to migrate away from a deterministic‐focused forecasting environment to one where the probabilistic situation‐based uncertainty information provided by the dynamic multi‐model ensembles can be incorporated into operational forecasts and warnings.
Elucidating the Interplay between Non‐Stoquasticity and the Sign Problem
Authors: Gupta Lalit , Hen Itay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe sign problem is a key challenge in computational physics, encapsulating the inability to properly understand many important quantum many‐body phenomena in physics, chemistry, and the material sciences. Despite its centrality, the circumstances under which the problem arises or can be resolved as well as its interplay with the related notion of “non‐stoquasticity” are often not very well understood. In this study, an attempt is made to elucidate the circumstances under which the sign problem emerges and to clear up some of the confusion surrounding this intricate computational phenomenon. To that aim, the recently introduced off‐diagonal series expansion quantum Monte Carlo scheme is used to analyze in detail a number of examples that capture the essence of the results.
Carbon‐Supported Organic Electrode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Munivenkatappa Chaithra , Shetty Vijeth Rajshekar , Suresh Gurukar Shivappa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectro active organic compounds represent one of the most capable electrode materials for the next generation green and sustainable rechargeable lithium ion batteries. In this context, we highlight the synthesis of an organic electrode material of azo derivative; diazoaminobenzene (DAAB) by diazotization method followed by lithiation using conventional technique. The electrochemical performances of the electro‐active species are examined by Cyclic Voltammetry, Galvanostatic Cycling with Potential Limitation and Potentio‐electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in an aqueous saturated Li2SO4 electrolyte. DAAB has shown considerable progress in terms of cyclic performance, better rate capability and high reversible capacity. The electroactivity of active species are enhanced by the addition of carboxy‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐COOH) as an additive. The half‐cell of lithiated diazoaminobenzene/CNTs‐COOH (dLiDAAB) vs. SCE delivers a capacity of 173.7 mA h g−1 up to 10 cycles at 0.08 mA. The full cell configuration dLiDAAB | aq. Saturated Li2SO4 | 2‐[1H‐indol‐2‐yl (1H‐indol‐3‐yl) methyl] phenol (b‐IMP) delivered a discharge capacity of 81.99 mA h g−1 in the potential window of −0.2 V to 1.2 V. The battery performance of the cell has been increased significantly by the influence of CNTs‐COOH group with 96.95% columbic efficiency. This agreeable result markably suits this material as an anode in aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries for future needs of energy technology.
Mesoporous V‐TiO2 Catalysts with Crystalline Anatase‐Rutile Mixed Phases for Naphthalene Degradation
Authors: Liu Guang , Qin Juan , Zhou Zhiwei , Liu Chuanfa , Li Fanqing , Wu Wenliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of V‐doped multiphase mixed mesoporous TiO2 (V‐3M‐Ti) catalysts with anatase‐rutile crystalline phases were prepared with two titanium precursors in the presence of citric acid, and the effect of TiO2 crystalline structure on the oxidation of naphthalene is deeply discussed in this work for the first time. The physical and chemical properties of these prepared samples were characterized by different techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, Raman spectra, Uviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (Uv‐vis DRS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), O2‐temperature programmed desorption (O2‐TPD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). With the TiCl4 addition amount in the preparation solution increasing, the rutile phase would be promoted, where more oxygen vacancies were obtained resulting in the formation of the vanadium species with lower valence. The 10V‐3M‐Ti‐4 catalyst with 78% anatase and 22% rutile phase, respectively, good crystallinity, high surface area (298 cm3⋅g‐1), monomodal mesoporosity (around 5 nm), appropriate oxygen vacancies and low valence vanadium species showed higher catalytic performance in the liquid‐phase oxidation of naphthalene with hydrogen peroxide than other samples, where the highest naphthalene conversion up to 40.1% can be obtained. The catalytic stability can be preserved well even after reactions for five times using ascorbic acid as reducer, suggesting its potential application for the degradation of naphthalene to the environmental protection.