bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Modeling and Synthesis in Creative Mitigation
Authors: Heilen Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the 54 years since passage of the National Historic Preservation Act, more than 56 million ha of land have been surveyed in the United States, and nearly one million cultural resources have been identified and recorded. These efforts have produced hundreds of thousands of project reports, vast collections of data, and a wealth of descriptive information about the past. The accumulated data can be used to generate important new knowledge about the past, with many scientific and management implications, but remain largely untapped. Following current approaches, many resources will be damaged or lost before effective strategies for studying or preserving them can be developed. Synthesis and modeling are needed in creative mitigation efforts to identify which resources to preserve and study and how best to do so with limited time and funding. This article explores the potential for compiling and synthesizing large cultural and environmental datasets within a geographic information system to model the nature and distribution of cultural resources. It is argued that dedicated synthesis and modeling of cultural resource management data will allow development of more effective and proactive research and management strategies, providing lasting benefit to diverse scientific and traditional communities and the public.
Combustor-inlet interactions in a low-order dynamic model of ramjet engines
Authors: Liu K. , Cui T. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe coexistence of multiple stable states is indicative of self-organising processes occurring in the course of the combustor-inlet interactions in a ramjet engine and give rise to the appearance of various nonlinear phenomena. This paper provides a dynamic model that can describe the multiple stable states and the corresponding nonlinear effects to further investigate the dynamic interactions between combustor and inlet in a ramjet engine. Our study shows the whole engine can display distinct dynamic behaviours ranging from irreversibility to hysteresis and to various mode transitions, depending on different physical parameters. With the model, we also illustrate the role of the instability of the normal shock wave in impacting the whole engine’s nonlinear dynamics. Additionally, we extend the previous studies of the classification of combustor-inlet interactions from a static framework to a dynamic framework, which helps to clarify the transient processes of the nonlinear interactions. This work offers a quantitative illustration of the combustor-inlet interactions in a ramjet engine by revealing its nonlinear dynamics and associated characteristics, therefore advancing our understanding of the nonlinear phenomena that exhibit in ramjet engines.
4393 Translational Characterization of Blood Pressure Changes Following the DASH Diet– from Nutrition to Electrolytes to Exosomes
Authors: Bielopolski Dana , Ronning Andrea , Vasquez Dacia , George-Alexander Glenis , Walker Jeanne , Tobin Jonathan N. , Kost Rhonda G 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
1.analyze urinary protein exosome content pattern before and during DASH diet.2.characterize urine electrolyte changes associated with changes in protein profiles, and hormonal changes before/after DASH diet.3.analyze the association of these changes to the DASH-related BP response.METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this proof of concept study, hypertension stage 1 volunteers will receive a DASH based menu during 14 consecutive days of elective admission to the RU research hospital. Participants will complete a food frequency questionnaire (VioScreen) with a bionutritionist. Throughout the intervention period, participants will be assessed for blood pressure, plasma renin and aldosterone, and 24 hour urines for electrolytes, creatinine, protein, albumin and first morning urine collected for exosomes. Exosome analysis will be performed by a commercial lab. Proteome analysis will be conducted in the RU Mass-spectrometry service. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The causal pathway we will elucidate hypothesizes that: 1) changes in diet affect blood electrolytes, and through these, aldosterone. 2) Aldosterone alters the expression of specific transporter proteins in the renal tubule; protein expression will be reflected in the urine exosome. 3) These transporters affect the excretion of electrolytes, as reflected by urinary ratio of sodium (Na) to Potassium (K). During consumption of the Western diet, the Na/K ratio is approximately 2-2.5, whereas we expect the urinary sodium/potassium ratio to be <1, when the participant is eating a DASH based diet. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This assay provides a clinical tool to assess dietary adherence, and the project will provide insights into the mechanism whereby DASH reduces blood pressure.
THE EXACT STRENGTH OF THE CLASS FORCING THEOREM
Authors: GITMAN VICTORIA , HAMKINS JOEL DAVID , HOLY PETER , SCHLICHT PHILIPP , WILLIAMS KAMERYN J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe class forcing theorem, which asserts that every class forcing notion
${\mathbb {P}}$
admits a forcing relation
$\Vdash _{\mathbb {P}}$
, that is, a relation satisfying the forcing relation recursion—it follows that statements true in the corresponding forcing extensions are forced and forced statements are true—is equivalent over Gödel–Bernays set theory
$\text {GBC}$
to the principle of elementary transfinite recursion
$\text {ETR}_{\text {Ord}}$
for class recursions of length
$\text {Ord}$
. It is also equivalent to the existence of truth predicates for the infinitary languages
$\mathcal {L}_{\text {Ord},\omega }(\in ,A)$
, allowing any class parameter A; to the existence of truth predicates for the language
$\mathcal {L}_{\text {Ord},\text {Ord}}(\in ,A)$
; to the existence of
$\text {Ord}$
-iterated truth predicates for first-order set theory
$\mathcal {L}_{\omega ,\omega }(\in ,A)$
; to the assertion that every separative class partial order
${\mathbb {P}}$
has a set-complete class Boolean completion; to a class-join separation principle; and to the principle of determinacy for clopen class games of rank at most
$\text {Ord}+1$
. Unlike set forcing, if every class forcing notion
${\mathbb {P}}$
has a forcing relation merely for atomic formulas, then every such
${\mathbb {P}}$
has a uniform forcing relation applicable simultaneously to all formulas. Our results situate the class forcing theorem in the rich hierarchy of theories between
$\text {GBC}$
and Kelley–Morse set theory
$\text {KM}$
.
“Real Good and Sincere Catholics”: White Catholicism and Massive Resistance to Desegregation in Chicago, 1965–1968
Authors: Cressler Matthew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the civil rights movement has long been framed as a pivotal turning point in twentieth-century U.S. religious history, comparatively little attention has been directed to the role of religion in what has been termed “the long segregation movement.” Likewise, Catholic historians tend to emphasize the exceptional few priests, sisters, and lay people committed to interracial justice over and against the majority of white Catholics who either opposed integration or objected to the means by which it would be achieved. This article argues that, in order to fully understand U.S. Catholicism in the twentieth century, scholars must reckon with the ways racial whiteness shaped the Catholicness of white Catholics. It takes as its primary source more than six hundred letters written by white Catholics outraged and disgusted over the Archdiocese of Chicago's apparent support for desegregation between 1965 and 1968. These letters not only illuminate the inseparability of religion and race, but they also reveal that white Catholicism itself operated as a religio-racial formation in the lives of white Catholics. Given the overwhelming white Catholic (and white religious) resistance to integration, this article argues that the long segregation movement and massive resistance to desegregation ought to be included as signal events in the telling of U.S. Catholic and U.S. religious history.
Antimodernism and Orthodox Judaism's Heretical Imperative: An American Religious Counterpoint
Authors: Eleff Zev , Farber Seth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the case of religious authority within Orthodox Judaism is an important counterexample to the broader and understudied developments in American religion during the final decades of the twentieth century. Using an array of untapped primary sources and drawing on themes addressed by scholars of American religious history and modern Jewish history, this article demonstrates how Orthodox Jewish elites used “approximational heresies” to police their faith community. In so doing, Orthodox leaders furnished “indicators” of apostasy that were unknown in previous epochs and served to stand in for traditional types that proved otherwise insufficient to counteract new trends in modern life and culture. Orthodox Jewish “antimodernism” was animated by a need to demonstrate what was “in” and what was “out” of bounds as well as by the emergence of a triumphalism that was unique among American faiths. Likewise, the rank-and-file abided because they either agreed with these measures or feared becoming “outsiders.” This outlook contrasts with the attitudes of other religious groups—on the “left” and the “right”—that absorbed a spirit of “inclusiveness” and, therefore, eschewed heresy hunting and the boldness evinced by Orthodox elites during this period. The article concludes that the pervasiveness of this counterculture among the Orthodox Jewish community was so powerful that it, counterintuitively, introduced the strategies of the antimodernists to the American-acculturated, so-called Modern Orthodox community.
THE CASTLE OF ACHANDUIN, LISMORE—A POINT OF REFERENCE FOR THE RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF MORTAR-ENTRAPPED RELICT LIMEKILN FUELS
Authors: Thacker Mark 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe results of a short program of landscape, buildings and materials analysis undertaken at Achanduin Castle, Lismore, Scotland (NM 8043 3927) are presented from the pilot phase of the Scottish Medieval Castles & Chapels C14 Project (SMCCCP). The study presents the first independent chronological evidence relating to the construction of this important medieval building, by radiocarbon analysis of a limited assemblage of Mortar-Entrapped Relict Limekiln Fuel (MERLF) fragments. Informed by a wider investigation of structural phasing and sample taphonomy, these measurements are constrained within a series of different Bayesian models, to generate a range of comparative estimates for the building’s constructional chronology. The precision with which the construction of this building can now be dated, from other evidence associated with the site, makes the Achanduin Castle study a useful point of reference for wider materials research.
Pharyngeal closure after a total laryngectomy: mechanical versus manual technique
Authors: Sansa-Perna A , Casasayas-Plass M , Rovira-Martínez C , López-Vilas M , García-Lorenzo J , Quer-Agusti M , León-Vintró X 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the main advantages and drawbacks of mechanical suturing for pharyngeal closure after total laryngectomy versus a manual suturing technique.MethodsA retrospective review was carried out of 126 total laryngectomies performed between 2008 and 2018. Manual closure was performed in 80 cases (63.5 per cent) and mechanical suturing was performed in 46 cases (36.5 per cent).ResultsMechanical suturing was used significantly more frequently in patients with: glottic tumours (p = 0.008), less local tumour extension (p = 0.017) and less pre-operative morbidity (p = 0.014). There were no significant differences in the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula between the manual suture group (16.3 per cent) and the mechanical suture group (13.0 per cent) (p = 0.628). None of the patients treated with mechanical suturing had positive surgical margins. Cancer-specific survival for the mechanical suture group was higher than that for the manual suture group (p = 0.009).ConclusionMechanical suturing of the pharynx after total laryngectomy is an oncologically safe technique if used in suitable cases.
Genetic variability in thePhysconia muscigenagroup (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Starosta Jakub , Svoboda David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe principal goal of our study was to test whether ecologically and chemically different populations of lichens in thePhysconia muscigenagroup belong to a single, or multiple, species. We used sequence data from three markers (ITS rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and TEF1-α) for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on a sampling of mostly European and Canadian populations ofP. muscigena(Ach.) Poelt,P. muscigenavar.bayeri(Nádv.) Poelt andP. isidiomuscigenaEssl. In addition, we sought any possible geographical or ecological trends among chemotypes and haplotypes. Results show that: 1) sequence data of ITS rDNA and TEF1-α show large genetic variation in thePhysconia muscigenagroup, which does not correlate with geographical distribution or thallus chemistry; 2)Physconia muscigenavar.bayeriandP. isidiomuscigenaappear undifferentiated withP. muscigenain our phylogenetic trees, and the three species cannot be distinguished on the basis of ITS rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and TEF1-α sequences. We therefore synonymizedPhysconia muscigenavar.bayeriwithP. muscigenaand we recombineP. isidiomuscigenaas a variety ofP. muscigena.
Contributions to the lichen genus Cresponea (Roccellaceae)
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo Tasmanian species of the genus Cresponea are treated: C. graemeannae Kantvilas sp. nov., characterized by a very thin, saxicolous thallus, apothecia with a thick, radially fissured margin, thinly pruinose disc, hypothecium inspersed with oil droplets, and 5–9-septate ascospores, 25–40 × 6–8 μm; and C. subpremnea (Kantvilas & Vĕzda) Kantvilas comb. nov. The latter has ascospores 30–58 × 4.5–7 μm, which distinguish it from the related C. plurilocularis (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente (ascospores 27–45 × 6–8 μm). The taxa are illustrated, discussed and compared. Cresponea litoralis Elix, based on an Australian type, is considered a synonym of Bactrospora myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente. A key to the species of Cresponea reported from Australia is presented.
A new species of Synarthonia from Luxembourg, and a new combination in the genus Reichlingia (Arthoniaceae)
Authors: Ertz Damien , Aptroot André , Sanderson Neil , Coppins Brian , Van den Broeck Dries , Diederich Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new species of Synarthonia, S. leproidica, is described from Luxembourg. Phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU and RPB2 sequences were used to determine the generic affiliation of this sterile species. Synarthonia leproidica differs from all other species of the genus by the combination of a leproid thallus and the production of psoromic acid. It is the sister species to S. muriformis in our phylogenetic analyses. The discovery of the new species suggests that other strictly sorediate lichen species might have been overlooked in Europe, even in intensely explored countries such as Luxembourg. Phylogenetic analyses further confirm the placement of Reichlingia anombrophila in the genus Reichlingia and of Synarthonia astroidestera in the genus Synarthonia. Arthonia atlantica is transferred to the genus Reichlingia as R. dendritica.
Integrative omics analysis identifies differential biological pathways that are associated with regional grey matter volume changes in major depressive disorder
Authors: Sha Zhiqiang , Banihashemi Layla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by alterations in grey matter volume. However, the biological processes associated with regional structural perturbations remain elusive.MethodsWe applied integrative omics analysis to investigate specialized transcriptome signatures and translational determinants associated with regional grey matter variations in 2737 MDD patients relative to 3098 controls by summarizing the results from gene co-expression network analysis of Allen human brain transcriptome profiles in six donors, enrichment analysis of gene-sets and cellular structure from rodents and mediation analysis of BrainSpan proteome profile in six donors.ResultsWe found convergent alterations of grey matter volume in MDD were associated with transcriptome profiles enriched for synaptic transmission, metabolism, immune processes and transmembrane transport. Genes with abnormal expression in post-mortem tissue in MDD were also associated with transcriptome signatures. Further gene co-expression network and enrichment analysis of MDD-related genes in these signatures revealed the modules with higher neuronal expression were enriched in the medial temporal cortex and temporo-parietal junction with genes differentially associated with neuronal development and metabolism. Also, the modules with higher non-neuronal (e.g. astrocyte and oligodendrocyte) expression were concentrated in the rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and were separately associated with immune response and transmembrane transport. Moreover, proteins as the gene expression products mediated the association between transcriptome signatures and brain volume changes in the visual and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsOur multidimensional analyses offer a novel approach to detect specific biological pathways that capture regional structural variations in MDD, which suggests structural endophenotypes associated with MDD.
Why do patients with psychosis listen to and believe derogatory and threatening voices? 21 reasons given by patients
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Johns Louise , Griffith Laura , Isham Louise ,   The McPin Hearing Voices Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Kabir Thomas , Freeman Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Around two-thirds of patients with auditory hallucinations experience derogatory and threatening voices (DTVs). Understandably, when these voices are believed then common consequences can be depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. There is a need for treatment targeted at promoting distance from such voice content. The first step in this treatment development is to understand why patients listen to and believe voices that are appraised as malevolent.Aims:To learn from patients their reasons for listening to and believing DTVs.Method:Theoretical sampling was used to recruit 15 participants with non-affective psychosis from NHS services who heard daily DTVs. Data were obtained by semi-structured interviews and analysed using grounded theory.Results:Six higher-order categories for why patients listen and/or believe voices were theorised. These were: (i) to understand the voices (e.g. what is their motive?); (ii) to be alert to the threat (e.g. prepared for what might happen); (iii) a normal instinct to rely on sensory information; (iv) the voices can be of people they know; (v) the DTVs use strategies (e.g. repetition) to capture attention; and (vi) patients feel so worn down it is hard to resist the voice experience (e.g. too mentally defeated to dismiss comments). In total, 21 reasons were identified, with all participants endorsing multiple reasons.Conclusions:The study generated a wide range of reasons why patients listen to and believe DTVs. Awareness of these reasons can help clinicians understand the patient experience and also identify targets in psychological intervention.
Energy drink intake is associated with insomnia and decreased daytime functioning in young adult females
Authors: Trapp Georgina SA , Hurworth Miriam , Jacoby Peter , Maddison Kathleen , Allen Karina , Martin Karen , Christian Hayley , Ambrosini Gina L , Oddy Wendy , Eastwood Peter R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association between energy drink (ED) use and sleep-related disturbances in a population-based sample of young adults from the Raine Study.Design:Analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires to assess ED use and sleep disturbance (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Symptoms Questionnaire–Insomnia (PSSQ-I)). Regression modelling was used to estimate the effect of ED use on sleep disturbances. All models adjusted for various potential confounders.Setting:Western Australia.Participants:Males and females, aged 22 years, from Raine Study Gen2–22 year follow-up.Results:Of the 1115 participants, 66 % were never/rare users (i.e. <once/month) of ED, 17·0 % were occasional users (i.e. >once/month to <once/week) and 17 % were frequent users (≥once/week). Compared with females, a greater proportion of males used ED occasionally (19 %v. 15 %) or frequently (24 %v. 11 %). Among females, frequent ED users experienced significantly higher symptoms of daytime sleepiness (FOSQ-10:β= 0·93, 95 % CI 0·32, 1·54,P= 0·003) and were five times more likely to experience insomnia (PSSQ-I: OR = 5·10, 95 % CI 1·81, 14·35,P= 0·002) compared with never/rare users. No significant associations were observed in males for any sleep outcomes.Conclusions:We found a positive association between ED use and sleep disturbances in young adult females. Given the importance of sleep for overall health, and ever-increasing ED use, intervention strategies are needed to curb ED use in young adults, particularly females. Further research is needed to determine causation and elucidate reasons for gender-specific findings.
Changes to dietary and health outcomes following implementation of the 2012 updated US Department of Agriculture school nutrition standards: analysis using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2016
Authors: Jia Jenny , Moore Lynn L , Cabral Howard , Hanchate Amresh , LaRochelle Marc R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:In 2012, the US government overhauled school nutrition standards, but few studies have evaluated the effects of these standards at the national level. The current study examines the impact of the updated school nutrition standards on dietary and health outcomes of schoolchildren in a nationally representative data set.Design:Difference-in-differences. We compared weekday fruit and vegetable intake between students with daily school lunch participation and students without school lunch participation before and after implementation of updated school nutrition standards using a multivariable linear regression model. Secondary outcomes included weekday solid fat and added sugar (SoFAS) intake and overweight and obesity prevalence. We adjusted analyses for demographic and family socio-economic factors.Setting:USA.Participants:K-12 students, aged 6–20 years (n 9172), from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2016.Results:Implementation of updated school nutrition standards was not associated with a change in weekday fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0·02 cups, 95 % CI −0·23, 0·26) for students with daily school lunch participation. However, implementation of the policy was associated with a 1·5 percentage point (95 % CI −3·0, −0·1) decline in weekday SoFAS intake and a 6·1 percentage point (95 % CI −12·1, −0·1) decline in overweight and obesity prevalence.Conclusions:Changes to US school nutrition standards were associated with reductions in the consumption of SoFAS as well as a decrease in overweight and obesity in children who eat school lunch. However, we did not detect a change in weekday intake of fruits and vegetables associated with the policy change.