bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetism-Induced Homogenization of Charge and Ionic Distributions Realized By Cu-Ni Core-Shell Nano-Necklace for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kang Minkyu , Bae Minjun , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Dohyeong , Chang Yujin , Piao Shuqing , Park Jonghyock , Kim Kanghun , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: December 2024

One-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires and nanobelts exhibit unique characteristics. Nano-necklace structures, in particular, have demonstrated superior properties in certain applications compared to nanowire structures due to their enlarged active sites and surface area, ample transport channels as well as, multiscale surficial roughness.
Various methods exist for fabricating nano-necklace structures, including chemical synthesis, self-assembly, template assistance, and electrospinning. The method we approached was to modify the chemical reduction method in an economical, facile, and quick way for large scale synthesis. In our synthetic approach, we utilized ethylenediamine as a capping and shape-directing agent in a strong base solution, which enable the mass production of Cu-Ni core-shell nano-necklace (CNNN) with a high yield within 30 minutes. Moreover, by changing the type of basic solution, we successfully obtained Cu-Ni core-shell nanowire (CNNW) as a typical 1D nanostructure.
The physiochemical properties of as-obtained CNNN and CNNW were systematically investigated. Microscopic analyses demonstrated that both CNNN and CNNW are constituted by two major components: 1) surficial Ni coating layers with a thickness of about 40 nm and 2) inner Cu clusters as a shell and a core, respectively. Experimental results suggest that CNNN exhibits much stronger ferromagnetic properties with much higher specific surface area compared to CNNN, which hold potentials for various applications.
To demonstrate one of the potential applications of CNNN, we employed CNNN as a charge and ionic re-distributor for stable lithium metal batteries (LMB). The electrochemical analyses demonstrated that CNNN enabled uniform charge and ionic distributions when coated on a commercial separator, which suppresses notorious dendrite formation of Li metal anodes, due to its excellent ferromagnetic properties and enlarged active sites with Li ions. Therefore, CNNN enabled the stable operation of LMB with LiFePO4 and LiNi8Co1Mn1O2 cathode.

Figure 1
Uncovering Reduction Mechanisms of Fluoroethylene Carbonate
Authors: Ramesh Sapna L , Krzyaniak Matthew D , Wasielewski Michael R , Lopez Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

Electric vehicles sales have increased exponentially in the United States, and the White House has announced a goal of 50% of all new vehicle sales to be electric by 2030. This growing electrification of the transportation sector to mitigate climate change requires safe, energy dense, and power dense batteries. Particularly, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are a promising technology due to lithium’s high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential, which can result in batteries with energy densities surpassing current state of the art lithium-ion batteries.1 However, the highly reductive lithium metal anode reacts with the electrolyte during cycling, resulting in capacity loss. These reactions form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and electrolyte design is a key strategy to improve the cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency of LMBs. Many successful electrolyte engineering strategies have involved tuning the SEI to be mechanically and chemically stable to prevent further reactions.
In this work, we develop a novel approach to studying radical intermediates formed during electrolyte reduction, focusing on fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a highly effective electrolyte solvent in LMBs.2 Although prior research has illuminated key reduction products of FEC2,3, including lithium fluoride (LiF), there remains a gap in understanding regarding the mechanism by which FEC and other similar fluorinated solvents are reduced to form an SEI. Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated that a preformed SEI comprised solely of LiF breaks down during cycling, illustrating that bulk chemical and mechanical properties of individual SEI components may not translate to their function within the SEI.4 We employ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study radical reaction intermediates during FEC reduction. We reduce FEC in the presence of a spin trap to stabilize these radical intermediates for characterization. EPR with spin traps enabled us to identify two distinct radical species formed during FEC reduction, which we hypothesize are precursors to cross-linked polymer networks that are key to a high performing SEI. Radical species were identified with a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ultimately, this approach affords insight into molecular mechanisms to form an effective SEI which can both accommodate volume expansion and inhibit parasitic electrolyte consumption. This will guide electrolyte design for high Coulombic efficiency LMBs in the future.

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X.-Q. Zhang, X.-B. Cheng, X. Chen, C. Yan, and Q. Zhang, Advanced Functional Materials, 27, 1605989 (2017).

Y. Jin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 14992–15004 (2017).

M. He, R. Guo, G. M. Hobold, H. Gao, and B. M. Gallant, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 73–79 (2020).
Assessment of Critical Stack Pressure and Temperature in Li‐Garnet Batteries
Authors: Klimpel Matthias , Zhang Huanyu , Paggiaro Giulia , Dubey Romain , Okur Faruk , Jeurgens Lars P.H. , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: December 2024

One of the most substantial challenges associated with employing metallic Li in conjunction with Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte is the appearance of Kirkendall voids at the Li/LLZO interface during Li stripping.[1] These voids form due to an insufficient rate of mass transport, arising from low Li diffusion and applied pressure, which hinders the replenishment of Li that dissolves into the solid electrolyte.[2] As a result, this phenomenon leads to a reduction in the Li/LLZO contact area and a subsequent rise in local current densities, also known as the current focusing effect, at the Li/LLZO interface during the subsequent Li plating. The emergence of voids can, in turn, initiate the growth of Li dendrites at significantly lower current densities than those necessary for dendrite formation in an unstripped Li/LLZO interface.
Since void formation during Li stripping is significantly influenced by the external operating conditions, in particular the stack pressure and temperature applied to the cell, their effect on the Li/LLZO interface is investigated in this study.[3] We present a compelling methodology to systematically determine the critical stack pressure and temperature of a Li metal anode in conjunction with an LLZO solid-state electrolyte, which is the minimum set of values required to maintain conformal contact between Li and LLZO at a given current density. The methodology is based on the analysis of the second derivatives of the voltage profiles of identical Li/LLZO/Li symmetric cells measured during one half-cycle (3 mAh cm-2) at the same current density but different stack pressures. The effectiveness of the presented approach in assessing conditions for mitigating void formation during Li stripping is evaluated through cycle stability tests performed on Li/LLZO/Li symmetric cells.
[1] H. Koshikawa, S. Matsuda, K. Kamiya, M. Miyayama, Y. Kubo, K. Uosaki, K. Hashimoto, S. Nakanishi, J. Power Sources, 2018, 376, 147.
[2] T. Krauskopf, H. Hartmann, W. G. Zeier, J. Janek, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11, 14463.
[3] M. Klimpel, H. Zhang, G. Paggiaro, R. Dubey, F. Okur, L.P.H. Jeurgens, K.V. Kravchyk, M.V. Kovalenko, Adv.
Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 2300948.

Figure 1
Development of Intimate Contact Technology for High Performance All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Yoo Dong-Joo 
Published: December 2024

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as alternatives to fossil fuels to facilitate a greener and more sustainable future is the most remarkable technological development of recent years. Nevertheless, the exponential increase in energy demand has given rise to significant concerns regarding the safety of batteries, which necessitate urgent consideration. While conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) employ flammable liquid electrolytes, they have demonstrated susceptibility to thermal runaway incidents, which present significant safety hazards and necessitate a fundamental transformation in energy storage technologies. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative that is able to revolutionize the energy storage industry.
One of the primary obstacles that greatly hampers the performance of ASSBs is the issue of point contact between the solid electrolytes and the active materials. This problem stems from poor interfacial adhesion and restricted intimate contact between the two components, impeding effective charge transfer and ion diffusion. The presence of non-conductive interfaces, voids, or delamination zones hinders the efficient diffusion of lithium ions, resulting in increased interfacial resistance and restricted usage of active materials within the electrodes. Furthermore, the issue of solid contact contributes to the localized stress concentration and mechanical strain that occurs during charge-discharge cycles. In this presentation, the concepts of intimate contact in both the anode and cathode will be discussed.
(Invited) Design and Synthesis of Heterostructured Anode Materials for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Sang-Ok 
Published: December 2024

The transition toward carbon neutrality has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems, predominantly powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, concerns over the limited lithium resources necessitate exploring alternative battery systems. Sodium-ion batteries stand out due to the abundant supply and economic feasibility of sodium compared to lithium.
This study focuses on developing high-capacity anode materials for sodium-ion batteries through the design of heterostructured composites. By combining conversion- or alloy-based active materials with a porous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) nanocoating layer, we aim to address challenges such as volume changes, sluggish kinetics, and interfacial instability during battery cycling. Heterostructured composite anodes with a SiOC-based nanocoating layer were synthesized via controlled dispersion of precursors in silicon oil followed by heat treatment. Comprehensive physicochemical and electrochemical characterization, along with post-mortem analysis, elucidated how the heterostructure influenced battery performance. Our findings demonstrate improved electrochemical stability and enhanced sodium storage capacity attributed to the unique architecture of the heterostructured composites.
This novel approach offers promising prospects for developing advanced anode materials capable of significantly enhancing the energy density and overall performance of sodium-ion batteries, thereby contributing to sustainable energy storage solutions for future applications in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage systems.
Mediation is What Authoritarian States Make of it: Assessing the Role of National Identity Consolidation in Chinese and Turkish Diplomacy in Russia’s War Against Ukraine
Authors: Butler Michael J. , Yefremov Dmytro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The absence of ripeness in Russia’s war against Ukraine begs the question of why both China and Türkiye have intervened diplomatically in the conflict. One possible answer resides in the role of mediation and diplomacy in ameliorating the ‘authoritarian control problem.’ Informed by constructivist insights on the co-constitutive relationship between identities and interests, we advance the hypothesis that Chinese and Turkish involvement in the war in Ukraine is primarily explained by its utility for consolidating national identity and, by extension, securing regime authority over domestic society. We test this hypothesis through use of critical event analysis, examining major installments in the trajectory of Chinese and Turkish diplomacy in the war. Our analysis reveals a correlation between Chinese and Turkish mediation and the self-serving process of national identity consolidation. We conclude with consideration of the implications of this finding for this special issue’s theme of ‘peace through victory.’
Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) disease prevalence and mortality in Litopenaeus vannamei: a comparative study from Eastern India shrimp farms
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Das Basanta Kumar , Dhar Souvik , Bisai Kampan , Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro , Zheng Xiaoting , Parida Satya Narayan , Adhikari Anupam , Jana Asim Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEcytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite first named and characterized from the Penaeus monodon (black or giant tiger shrimp), causes growth retardation and poses a significant threat to shrimp farming. We observed shrimp farms associated with disease conditions during our fish disease surveillance and health management program in West Bengal, India. Shrimp exhibited growth retardation and increased size variability, particularly in advanced stages, exhibiting soft shells, lethargy, reduced feeding and empty midguts. Floating white feces were observed on the surface of the pond water. Suspecting a microbial infection, the shrimp samples were collected and aseptically brought to the ICAR-CIFRI laboratory for molecular confirmation. A nested PCR was used to screen shrimp tissue, feces, feed and environmental samples for the possible presence of hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei. The results confirmed that the shrimp samples were positive for EHP. Histopathological investigation revealed mature spores in the HP tubule lumen and epithelial cells along with necrotic tubule in the symptomatic group. Further, the transcription analysis revealed that ProPO, Hsp70 and α2-macroglobulin genes were significantly upregulated, while decreased expression of LGBP, PXN and Integrin ß was observed in shrimp infected with Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis. Furthermore, compared with the healthy group, significant intestinal bacteria changes were observed in the EHP-infected group. The in vivo survival assay, using crustacean animal model Artemia franciscana, suggests that symptomatic shrimp gut samples harbour pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi and V. campbellii. These results significantly advance our understanding of the molecular and ecological aspects of EHP pathobiology.
Determinant factors of the longitudinal pulse pressure among hypertensive patients treated at Assosa general hospital, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Kassie Maru Zewdu , Berehan Haymanot Berelie , Yilema Seyifemickael Amare , Ayele Berhanie Addis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is a common, long-term condition that tends to be associated with age and can lead to significant cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the longitudinal Pulse Pressure of hypertensive patients treated at Assosa General Hospital (AGH), Western Ethiopia.

Methods
A retrospective study design was conducted from 325 randomly selected HTN patients in the outpatient department (OPD) clinic at AGH during the follow-up period from January 2022 to January 2024. The analysis included exploratory data analysis and the application of a linear mixed model. This model was used to analyze the longitudinally measured pulse pressure in patients with hypertension. The appropriate variance-covariance structure chosen for this analysis was the unstructured (UN) format.

Result
Among the 325 patients included in the study, 51.5% were female, and 54.2% were from urban areas. The variables: Age (p-value < 0.0001), Urban (p-value = 0.012), FHHTN (p-value < 0.0238), Stage-I HTN (p-value = 0.0403), Stage-II HTN (p-value = 0.0022), DM (p-value < 0.0001), CKD (p-value < 0.0001), Smoking (p-value < 0.0001), Enalapril + Nifedipine (p-value = 0.0249), and follow-up time (p-value < 0.0001) were significant factors for the progression of pulse pressure.

Conclusion
The profile plot showed that the patient’s pulse pressure decreases slowly as follow-up time increases. Age, Residence, FHHTN, DM, CKD, Smoking status, and Stages of HTN were positively associated with pulse pressure, whereas Treatment type and follow-up time were negatively associated with pulse pressure. So, Healthcare providers should prioritize addressing the modifiable risk factors mentioned above to help mitigate the progression of blood pressure specifically pulse pressure in hypertensive patients.
Women’s experience of body weight management during and post-pregnancy: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Nolan Rachel , Gallagher Alison M. , Hill Alyson J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Gaining excessive weight during pregnancy has been linked with adverse effects including increased risk of caesarean delivery and postpartum weight retention. Despite these recognised risks, currently no UK/Ireland gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines exist, women are not routinely weighed throughout pregnancy and consequently, women’s understanding of the importance of weight management during, and post-pregnancy remains poor. The present study explored factors influencing weight change during and post-pregnancy and identified potential opportunities that could help women manage weight during these periods.

Methods
Women aged 18–45 years-old who had an uncomplicated pregnancy within the last 3 years were invited to complete an online questionnaire (n = 108) regarding their experience of changes in body weight during and post-pregnancy. Follow on focus groups (n = 13 women) were conducted online within the same population to delve deeper into the topic, the sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and data subjected to directive content analysis based on the socio-ecological model.

Results
Respondents reported in the online questionnaire, they did not receive enough information around weight management during (81.5%) and post-pregnancy (86.1%). Focus group qualitative data identified barriers to managing weight at each level of the ecological model, at the intrapersonal (e.g., changes in diet), interpersonal (e.g., conflicting advice), environment and society (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic), and institutional and policy (e.g., system failing) levels. Potential strategies to help manage weight were also identified, at the intrapersonal (e.g., need for further information), interpersonal (e.g., support groups), environment and society (e.g., messaging), and institutional and policy (e.g., further follow-up care) levels.

Conclusions
Mothers report receiving insufficient information around weight management, with barriers identified at each level of the ecological model. Highlighting that support and change is needed on multiple levels both during and post-pregnancy, with potential strategies identified, which could potentially inform future studies.
Reoperative minimal invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass graft in early left main stem stenosis following Modified Bentall procedure
Authors: Barua Anupama , Cosbey Lucy , Samaddar Avishek , Jeeji Ravish , Warwick Richard , Balacumaraswami Lognathen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSix months following modified Bentall procedure a patient presented with angina and acute ST depression. CT coronary angiogram revealed severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery. Minimal invasive off pump coronary artery bypass grafting avoided complex reoperative surgery and delivered an excellent clinical outcome.
Introduction to immunology and immune disorders
Authors: Marshall Jean S. , Upton Julia E. M. , Vliagoftis Harissios , Hildebrand Kyla J. , Byrne Adam , Watson Wade 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe body has a collection of physical barriers to prevent infection, but once these are overcome, we rely on our immune systems to protect us against a wide variety of infections. The complex mechanisms through which this is achieved are grouped into two lines of defense called the “innate” and “adaptive” immune systems. The innate immune system provides a rapid and tailored response to infection or injury often associated with inflammation. Innate immunity also promotes the development of acquired immunity. Specific, long-lasting responses against a particular infection are dependent on acquired immunity, and these provide immune memory, such that if we encounter the same pathogen again, we are better protected. Many diseases are related to defects in immune function which can lead to either a weakened or overactive immune response. Autoimmune diseases (where the immune system attacks tissues or organs) and allergies (where the immune system responds inappropriately to substances in our environment) are just two examples of conditions resulting from immune function defects. Improved understanding of immune processes provides tremendous opportunities for enhanced immunization strategies and immune-based therapies. This article provides an overview of the main components and functions of the immune system, and also serves as a primer to help readers understand the immunopathological disorders discussed in the remainder of this supplement.
Non-immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy
Authors: Cook Victoria E. , Connors Lori A. , Vander Leek Timothy K. , Watson Wade 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies are characterized by delayed gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations that occur after exposure to an inciting food protein; they include food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein–induced enteropathy (FPE), and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Although the exact mechanisms underlying these disorders are not well understood, non-IgE-mediated food allergies likely represent a spectrum of disease with shared pathophysiological processes. Typically, these non-IgE-mediated food allergies begin in infancy or early childhood, although FPIES can present across the lifespan, with increasing reports in adults in recent years. Diagnosing non-IgE-mediated food allergies can be challenging due to the lack of noninvasive confirmatory tests or biomarkers for most of these disorders and the non-specific nature of GI symptoms. Thus, the diagnosis is usually made clinically, and relies on a constellation of typical symptoms that improve upon removal of the culprit food. The primary approach to management of FPIAP, FPE and FPIES is avoidance of the triggering food, and a multidisciplinary management approach that includes allergy/immunology may be required to avoid unnecessary food restriction and guide food reintroduction. This review outlines the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of these non-IgE-mediated food allergies.