bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Degree of Practicing the Skills of Creative Reading by Teachers of Arabic Language in Ramtha District Schools
Authors: السالم أ. ماجدة عيسى 
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at identifying the degree of practicing the skills of creative reading by the teachers of Arabic Language in Ramtha District schools. The sample of the study, which consisted of (177) male and female teachers, was selected by the random stratified method from the study population at primary and secondary schools in the Directorate of Education of Ramtha District during the second semester of (2019/ 2018). A questionnaire, consisting of (35) statements, was developed. It covered four areas: (reading fluency, reading originality, reading flexibility and extensive reading). The results of the study showed that the degree of practice by teachers of Arabic Language in the schools of Ramtha District was medium in all areas. There were statistically significant differences in all areas and the questionnaire as a whole attributed to the gender variable in favour of male teachers, except reading flexibility. There were also statistically significant differences in all areas and the questionnaire as a whole attributed to the variable of years of experience in favour of (10 – 6) years and (11) years and above, except reading flexibility and extensive reading.
Keywords: degree of practice, male and female teachers of Arabic Language, creative reading.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome as the Initial Manifestation of Wrist Bone Tuberculosis
Authors: Lopes-Coutinho Luís , Rosa João , Santos Silva Marta , Silva César , Pereira Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

Case:
We report the case of a patient with bone tuberculosis (TB) of the wrist, whose initial manifestation mimicked the typical clinical presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome. This misdiagnosis lead to surgical mistreatment. After no clinical improvement, thorough study was carried out, and bone TB was diagnosed. Tuberculostatic treatment was performed for 12 months. Wrist arthrodesis was performed after 6 months because of pain and very limited flexion-extension range of motion.

Conclusion:
Our case highlights the importance of differential diagnoses in the face of such frequent and suggestive symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Physical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing of Large-Sized Tight Sandstone Outcrops
Authors: Guo Tiankui , Tang Songjun , Liu Shun , Liu Xiaoqiang , Xu Jianchun , Qi Ning , Rui Zhenhua 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing is an indispensable technology in developing tight oil and gas resources. However, the development of tight oil and gas is not consistently satisfactory. Further understanding of hydraulic fracturing of tight sandstone is required, which increases the production of tight oil and gas reservoirs, particularly in China. Currently, there are a few true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulations of large tight sandstone outcrops. To weaken the boundary effect, this study performed simulations using large tight sandstone outcrops (500 × 500 × 500 mm and 500 × 500 × 800 mm) in the Shahezi Formation (Fm.), Jilin Province, China. The effect of natural fracture (NF) development degree, in-situ stress conditions, fracturing treatment parameters, and temporary plugging on fracture propagation were investigated. Furthermore, fracture propagation was investigated based on post-fracturing fine reconstruction, high-energy computed tomography (CT) scan, acoustic emission monitoring (AEM), and analysis of a fracturing pressure curve. Finally, suggestions on fracturing treatment were proposed. The results show that the NF is a key factor in determining the hydraulic fracture (HF) morphology in the tight sandstone reservoir. Further, the number, approaching angle, and cementation strength of the preexisting NF affect the HF propagation path; these are the key factors for forming complex fractures. In the tight sandstone reservoir with well-developed NFs, the fracture morphology is dominated by the NF under horizontal differential stress ≤ 9 MPa. A single fracture is more likely to occur under horizontal differential stress ≥ 12 MPa, which is less affected by the NF. In the fracturing at variable injection rates, a low rate facilitates fluid penetration into the NF, while a high rate facilitates deep HF propagation. A low-viscosity fracturing fluid at a high rate facilitates further propagation of the temporary plugging agent (TPA), thus achieving deep temporary plugging and fracture diversion. A high-viscosity fluid does not facilitate accumulation and plugging of particulate TPA. Higher horizontal differential stress leads to a smaller diversion radius of new HF, which is closer to the original HF, leading to poorer stimulation effect. The results provide a reference for the fracturing design of the tight sandstone.
Compatibility Test and Nanoparticles Stability: Comparison between Smart Soft Water and Smart Hard Water
Authors: Ezzati Shoaib , Khamehchi Ehsan 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Smart water is one of the most common methods for increasing oil recovery factor (RF) widely used in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Smart water changes oil reservoir rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet and increases oil RF. When smart water is combined with formation water, it can form sediments that will be called incompatibility, the results of which will be precipitation of inorganic scale deposition in surface facilities, flow lines, well tubing, gravel packs, and in the reservoirs. In contrast, by stabilizing the various nanoparticles in water, beneficial changes such as wettability alteration, sand production prevention, and decreased fines migration can be realized in oil reservoirs. Therefore, water compounds should be designed to have a minimum amount of incompatibility and the greatest amount of nanostability.
For this study, the formation water and seawater were created in the laboratory. Seawater was diluted in different concentrations and combined with formation water, and the best-diluted seawater was selected. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the Taguchi algorithm on diluted water, and it was used to make smart soft water (SSW) and smart hard water (SHW). In this project, we aimed to compare the amount of incompatibility and nanostability in SSW and SHW. To analyze the amount of incompatibility, different compositions of SSW and SHW were made and combined with formation water. In all cases, soft water was more compatible with formation water. To compare stability, different nanofluids were made in optimized soft water and hard water. By testing the zeta potential, it was observed that soft water shows more stability. In general, this study proved two advantages of SSW over SHW.
Identifying and barriers to intervening in childhood obesity in paediatric outpatient nursing settings using a mixed methods study
Authors: Ellis Nicola , Allen Alexander Nicholas , Bartley Angela , Clift Michael , Miguel Ronelle , Rodger Alison 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity is an increasing problem in England and disproportionately affects those of lower socio-economic status, and there has been a drive for health care professionals at all levels to provide brief advice regarding weight management. There is little evidence on what barriers exist to providing this advice in paediatric settings. Methods: A retrospective review of children’s outpatient clinic notes in a hospital in London, UK during one week was undertaken to collate height and weight measurements and calculate (Body-Mass-Index) BMI centile. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff to explore attitudes and opportunities to discuss weight Results: Of children included (n=236) Two fifths (41.1%, n=97) had height and weight recorded. BMI centile was calculated for 79.4% of those (n=77). A quarter (26% [95% CI: 13-30%], n=20) were overweight (>91st centile) or obese (>98th centile). Nursing staff reported that the period taking height and weight measurements was not a good opportunity to raise the issue of weight, due to lack of time, lack of knowledge of patient’s medical history and not having BMI centile available. Conclusion: Over one in four children attending the paediatric clinic were overweight or obese. Nursing staff need support and training to feel confident to incorporate discussions around healthy weight into their role and to make the most of opportunities to make every contact count.
Rubidium chloride modulated the fecal microbiota community in mice
Authors: Chen Qian , He Zhiguo , Zhuo Yuting , Li Shuzhen , Yang Wenjing , Hu Liang , Zhong Hui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated for their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.Results: The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that RbCl generally maintained fecal microbial community diversity, while the shifts in fecal microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio, but significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. With regarding to the archaea, we only observed two less richness archaea Sulfolobus and Acidiplasma at the genus level.Conclusions: Changes of fecal microbes may in part contribute to the anticancer or anti-depressant effects of RbCl. These findings further validate that the microbiome could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling healthy older adults in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study
Authors: Ong Rebecca Hui Shan , Chow Wai Leng , Cheong Magdalin , Lim Gladys Huiyun , Xie Weiyi , Baggs Geraldine , Huynh Dieu Thi Thu , Oh Hong Choon , How Choon How , Tan Ngiap-Chuan , Tey Siew Ling , Chew Samuel Teong Huang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process, and understand nutrition information to make nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of individuals including older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes, and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in older healthy adults in Singapore.Methods400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the Nutrition Knowledge Index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling based methods for model averaging.ResultsBivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males (p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others (p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home cooked food (p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek (p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. ConclusionsOur study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male, their caregivers, and minority ethnic groups.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered on 7 August 2017 at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. NCT03240952).
Association of Vitamin D Intervention and outdoor activity on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among children in North China: an observational study
Authors: Zhang Xuguang , Chen Yanping , Jin Shanshan , Bi Xinxin , Chen Dongkai , Zhang Dongmei , Liu Li , Jing Hong , Na Lixin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Living at high latitudes is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. However, evidence on vitamin D improvement for this pediatric population to date is limited. This study aims at evaluating the association of different vitamin D intervention methods and outdoor activity on the vitamin D status of children in North China. Methods: A total of 55,925 children aged 1 month to 18 years old were recruited from pediatric outpatient departments from July 2016 to June 2017. Data on demographics, anthropometric measurements, vitamin D intervention, and outdoor activity were recorded. The serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of vitamin D intervention or outdoor activity with blood vitamin D status, adjusted for age, gender, BMI for age, and seasons.Results: The overall rate of hypovitaminosis D was 65.60%. Of the children’s outdoor activity, 35.63%, 31.95%, and 32.42% were below 30min/d, 30-60 min/d and over 60min/d, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of therapeutic intervention, supplementation intervention and no vitamin D intervention among the children was 16.48%, 32.87%, and 50.65%, respectively. After adjusted for confounding factors, vitamin D intervention was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D, with OR (95% CI) of 0.191 (0.180, 0.202) in children with therapeutic doses and 0.423 (0.404, 0.443) in those with supplementation doses, compared with children without vitamin D intervention. In addition, longer outdoor time was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D [0.479 (0.456, 0.504) for 60 min/d, 0.737 (0.701, 0.776) for 30–60 min/d], independent of vitamin D intervention. Conclusions: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in children living at high latitudes. Vitamin D intervention and outdoor activity are all negatively associated with children’s vitamin D deficiency. Routine vitamin D intervention combined with increased outdoor time might be an effective approach to prevent hypovitaminosis D among children, especially those at school, living at high latitudes.
Accessing health services in India: Experiences of seasonal migrants returning to Nepal.
Authors: Adhikary Pratik , Aryal Nirmal , Dhungana Raja Ram , KC Radheyshyam Krishna , Regmi Pramod Raj , Wickramage Kolitha Prabhash , Duigan Patrick , Inkochasan Montira , Sharma Guna Nidhi , Devkota Bikash , Teijlingen Edwin van , Simkhada Padam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Migration to India is a common livelihood strategy for poor people in remote Western Nepal. To date, little research has explored the degree and nature of healthcare access among Nepali migrant workers in India. This study explores the experiences of returnee Nepali migrants with regard to accessing healthcare and the perspectives of stakeholders in the government, support organizations, and health providers working with migrant workers in India.Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with returnee migrants were conducted by trained moderators in six districts in Western Nepal in late 2017. A further 12 stakeholders working in the health and education sector were also interviewed. With the consent of the participants, FGDs and interviews were audio-recorded. They were then transcribed and translated into English and the data were analysed thematically.Results: The interviewed returnee migrants worked in 15 of India’s 29 states, most as daily-wage labourers. Most were from among the lowest castes so called-Dalits. Most migrants had had difficulty accessing healthcare services in India. The major barriers to access were the lack of insurance, low wages, not having an Indian identification card tied to individual biometrics so called: Aadhaar card. Other barriers were unsupportive employers, discrimination at healthcare facilities and limited information about the locations of healthcare services.Conclusions: Nepali migrants experience difficulties in accessing healthcare in India. Partnerships between the Nepali and Indian governments, migrant support organizations and relevant stakeholders such as healthcare providers, government agencies and employers should be strengthened so that this vulnerable population can access the healthcare they are entitled to.
Chromosomal aberration arises during somatic reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Li Conghui , Zheng Kang , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xu Xiaofeng , Yang Aifeng , Yi Min , Tao Huaping , Xie Binghua , Qiu Mengsheng , Yang Junlin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened new therapeutic possibilities. However, karyotypic abnormalities detected in iPSCs compromised their utility, especially chromosomal aberrations found at early passages raised serious safety concerns. The mechanism underlying the chromosomal abnormality in early-passage iPSCs is not known.Methods: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were stimulated with KMOS (KLF4, cMYC, OCT4 and SOX2) proteins to enhance their proliferative capacity and many vigorous clones were obtained. Clonal reprogramming was carried out by KMOS mRNAs transfection to confirm the ‘chromosomal mutagenicity’ of reprogramming process. Subculturing was performed to examine karyotypic stability of iPSCs after the re-establishment of stemness. And antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) was added to the culture medium for further confirmming the mutagenicity in the first few days of reprogramming.Results: Chromosomal aberrations were found in a small percentage of newly induced iPS clones by reprogramming transcription factors. Clonal reprogramming ruled out the aberrant chromosomes inherited from rare karyotypically abnormal parental cell subpopulation. More importantly, the antioxidant NAC effectively reduced the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations at the early stage of reprogramming. Once iPS cell lines were established, they restored karyotypic stability in subsequent subculturing.Conclusions: Our results provided the first line of evidence for the ‘chromosomal mutagenicity’ of reprogramming process.
Berberine alters gut microbial function through modulation of bile acids
Authors: Wolf Patricia , Devendran Saravanan , Doden Heidi L. , Ly Lindsey K. , Moore Tyler , Takei Hajime , Nittono Hiroshi , Murai Tsuyoshi , Kurosawa Takao , Chlipala George E. , Green Stefan J. , Kakiyama Genta , Kashyap Purna , McCracken Vance J. , Gaskins H. Rex , Gillevet Patrick M. , Ridlon Jason M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Berberine (BBR) is a plant-based nutraceutical that has been used for millennia to treat diarrheal infections and in contemporary medicine to improve patient lipid profiles. Reduction in lipids, particularly cholesterol, is achieved partly through up-regulation of bile acid synthesis and excretion into the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The efficacy of BBR is also thought to be dependent on structural and functional alterations of the gut microbiome. However, knowledge of the effects of BBR on gut microbiome communities is currently lacking. Distinguishing indirect effects of BBR on bacteria through altered bile acid profiles is particularly important in understanding how dietary nutraceuticals alter the microbiome. Results: Germfree mice were colonized with a defined minimal gut bacterial consortium capable of functional bile acid metabolism (Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Bilophila wadsworthia, Clostridium hylemonae, Clostridium hiranonis, Blautia producta; B4PC2). Multi-omics (bile acid metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing, cecal metatranscriptomics) were performed in order to provide a simple in vivo model from which to identify network-based correlations between bile acids and bacterial transcripts in the presence and absence of dietary BBR. Significant alterations in network topology and connectivity in function were observed, despite similarity in gut microbial alpha diversity (P = 0.30) and beta-diversity (P = 0.123) between control and BBR treatment. BBR increased cecal bile acid concentrations, (P < 0.05), most notably deoxycholic acid (DCA) (P <0.001). Overall, analysis of transcriptomes and correlation networks indicates both bacterial species-specific responses to BBR, as well as functional commonalities among species, such as up-regulation of Na+/H+ antiporter, cell wall synthesis/repair, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Bile acid concentrations in the GI tract increased significantly during BBR treatment and developed extensive correlation networks with expressed genes in the B4PC2 community.Conclusions: This work has important implications for interpreting the effects of BBR on structure and function of the complex gut microbiome, which may lead to targeted pharmaceutical interventions aimed to achieve the positive physiological effects previously observed with BBR supplementation.
The correlation of duration of cervical flexion per day with neck disability index scores in office workers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Jinlong Zhang , Yunyun Fang , Lijie Gao , Jian Chen , Cheng Wang , Hongchen He , Qinglu Luo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: An increasing number of office workers complain of neck pain after extended smart phone use. We conducted this study to examine the correlation between the duration of cervical flexion per day (DCF) during smart phone use and neck disability index scores (NDI ) scores of office workers in China.Methods: In this cohort study, 1791 individuals responded to an on line questionnaire. For our study, we included responses of 498 [27.8%] office workers. Excluded from the study were 1293 [72.9%] individuals including building workers, students, non-office workers, and those who did not complete the questionnaire. Participants completed an online questionnaire survey from May 29, 2019 to April 10, 2020. The NDI was used to evaluate cervical symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression, threshold saturation effect analysis, t-test, and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: We analyzed questionnaire results of the 498 office workers. The t-test showed no significant differences among the gender groups for age, working age, and NDI scores (P>0.05). Compared with other activities, smart phone use had no positive correlation with NDI scores (P>0.05), while low back pain had a strong correlation with NDI scores (P<0.05). When adjusting for age, working age, and low back pain covariates, DCF had a positive correlation with NDI scores. In addition, DCF had a curve line correlation with NDI-a monotone increasing relationship; the fold point was 6 (P<0.05).Conclusions: DCF had a positive curve line correlation with the NDI suggesting that office workers should limit DCF to a maximum of 6 hours to decrease NDI scores.