bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest dynamics and carbon storage under climate change in a subtropical mountainous region in central China
Authors: Wu Yu , Wang Dongya , Qiao Xiujuan , Jiang Mingxi , Li Qianxi , Gu Zhirong , Liu Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change has been observed to significantly influence forest growth, community composition, and species distribution ranges. These influences in turn will impose continuous impacts on forest production and carbon (C) storage potential. Forests in the subtropical China that are experiencing rapid regeneration and recovery may suffer multiple threats in the face of future climate change. Understanding how climate change may affect forest C sequestration and species dynamics over time will help formulate better management strategies for maintaining forest productivity and biodiversity. Here, we used a forest landscape model (LANDIS‐II) to evaluate the long‐term effects of current business‐as‐usual (BAU) management and climate projections (current, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 climate scenarios; IPCC representative concentration pathways [RCPs] scenarios) on above‐ and belowground forest C storage and tree species dynamics in the Sangzhi County in the subtropical China. Our simulations showed a fast‐growing period of forest total C in the first 70 yr, regardless of climate regime. Moderate climate change (RCP4.5 climate scenario) increased soil organic carbon (SOC) (12%) and detrital C (16%) but reduced live C (5%), contributing to a slight augment of 3% in forest C storage compared to the control climate, while severe climate change (RCP8.5 climate scenario) decreased SOC (16%), detrital C (27%), and live C (12%), resulting in a dramatic reduction of 14% in forest C storage, primarily because severe warming‐induced water stress restrained species establishment and regeneration in temperature‐sensitive areas like the lower elevations. Meanwhile, nature reserves in the higher elevations could act as “safe islands” by providing suitable conditions for most tree species, but the logging ban caused higher canopy closure, which in turn inhibit the growth and establishment of shade‐intolerant species. The results also highlighted the positive responses of native “warm species” to climate warming and suggest that using them to replace some conventional coniferous plantation tree species would better mitigate the future climate change. Poor performance of the current BAU management in maintaining forest productivity and diversity suggests that new climate‐adapted management strategies should be designed accordingly.
Revising the range of Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus, in British Columbia, Canada, using environmental DNA methods
Authors: Hobbs Jared , Adams Ian T. , Round Jessica M. , Goldberg Caren S. , Allison Michael J. , Bergman Lauren C. , Mirabzadeh Ali , Allen Heather , Helbing Caren C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus, is a species at‐risk in Canada. Based upon time‐ and area‐constrained physical search surveys completed between 1996 and 2004, its Canadian distribution was defined as occurring in 19 tributaries and reaches within the Yahk and west side Flathead River Basins of British Columbia. We undertook a five‐year (2014–2018 inclusive) environmental DNA (eDNA) survey to reassess the distribution of Rocky Mountain tailed frog, focusing on tributaries proximal to known extant occurrence records. Seventeen days of field sampling were performed over the five‐year period. Targeted qPCR‐based eDNA approaches proved more effective than conventional physical search methods for detecting tailed frogs due to relatively rapid field collection, low cost of filter materials, elimination of observer bias, and higher detection probabilities compared to conventional time‐constrained survey methods. One hundred and forty sites were examined (138 for eDNA plus two visual only). Thirty‐two of the 138 sites (23%) tested positive for Rocky Mountain tailed frog DNA, including from the four extant populations sampled, whereas visual observations occurred at only seven of the sites (5%) during the survey. During the study, we evaluated two tailed frog tests and the mitigation of false negatives through testing for qPCR inhibition and sample degradation, and we demonstrate their utility in evaluating eDNA data quality. These results expand the extant range of Rocky Mountain tailed frog in the Flathead, Wigwam, and Yahk watersheds and add two new watersheds (Moyie and Tepee) by identifying five newly recorded occupied drainages in Canada: Elder Creek, Upper Wigwam River, Tepee Creek, Gilnockie Creek, and Elmer Creek. These data are important to refine and augment wildlife habitat conservation areas for Rocky Mountain tailed frog.
Natural history of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma: implications on management
Authors: Valstar Matthijs H. , Andreasen Simon , Bhairosing Patrick A. , McGurk Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreating recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) aims to reduce risk of malignant transformation (MT) while avoiding facial nerve injury. Our objective was to systematically investigate this natural history of RPA and address the current rational for its treatment.MethodsThe follow‐up data of two nationwide series of PA was pooled with a focus on risk of MT and analyzed against the literature.ResultsThe combined nationwide data (n = 9003 PA patients) showed 3.1% with first recurrence of which 6.2% were malignant. In the literature first RPA rate was >7% at 20 years follow‐up. MT occurred in 0% to 7%, and facial nerve damage increased from with each surgery 3% to 16% at first RPA to 18% to 30% at second RPA.ConclusionsRPA showed a characteristic course with surgery being unreliable and damage to the facial nerve. The risk of MT was low. This might give flexibility towards a more conservative approach of management.
Are arch‐conforming insoles a good fit for diabetic foot? Insole customized design by using finite element analysis
Authors: Niu Jianwei , Liu Jing , Zheng Yanling , Ran Linghua , Chang Zhigang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlantar ulceration is one of the leading complications for diabetic patients. To reduce the risk of plantar ulceration, people with diabetic neuropathy often used custom insoles to offload high pressures from the metatarsal. However, the current custom arch‐conforming insoles, totally contact with the foot, could affect the flow of blood and produce adverse effects on foot ulcers. This study is aimed to propose novel custom insoles for diabetic foot and to make a comparison between the traditional insoles and the proposed one. The novel pressure‐relieving insole is a layered modular insole that includes eight layers of small cushions. The results showed that the current custom insoles would increase the insole volume and squeeze the space available for the foot, and then the constrictive box of the footwear could deteriorate the blood flow of the foot and produce adverse effects on foot ulcers. The novel insoles were found to reduce the peak pressure from 208.86 to 160.02 kPa. High pressure was not observed in the sensitive locations of diabetic foot in this study, and the novel insoles fit diabetic foot better.
The early predictive role of complement C3 and C4 in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Qiao Zhenguo , Feng Huang , Shen Jiaqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic role of complement C3 and C4 in peripheral blood in early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C3 and C4 in early stage of AP.MethodsA total of 164 patients were enrolled in this study. The blood samples were collected within 24 hours after AP onset. We compared C3 and C4 levels in patients with different AP severity. The optimal cutoff value for them to predict severe AP (SAP) was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe reduction of C3 and C4 levels was observed. For prediction of MSAP and SAP, the AUC of C3 and C4 levels was 0.695 (95% CI: 0.612‐0.779) and 0.739 (95% CI: 0.657‐0.821). The cutoff value of C3 and C4 levels was 0.705 and 0.145 g/L, with the sensitivity of 0.612 and 0.735, and the specificity of 0.735 and 0.710. For prediction of SAP, the AUC of C3 and C4 levels was 0.749 (95% CI: 0.607‐0.891) and 0.766 (95% CI: 0.596‐0.936). The cutoff value of C3 and C4 levels was 0.400 and 0.125 g/L, with the sensitivity of 0.859 and 0.767, and the specificity of 0.600 and 0.786.ConclusionsA marked change of complement C3 and C4 was observed in peripheral blood of patients with AP, suggesting the participation of complement system in the early phase of AP. C3 and C4 levels were sensitive and accurate in judging the severity of AP.
Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo tetrasomy 15q24.3‐25.3: Case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Xiaonan , Li Leilei , Zhang Hongguo , Hu Zhuming , Li Linlin , Sun Meiling , Liu Ruizhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTerminal duplication on chromosome 15q is a rare chromosomal variation. Affected individuals show similar features such as growth dysplasia or the development of frontal bossing, body deformities, facial abnormalities, and genitourinary or cardiovascular disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether such 15q repeats lead to identifiable patterns of clinical abnormalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the prenatal diagnostic results and clinical manifestations of a fetus with 15q duplication and to summarize the literature.MethodsThe case was a fetus at 28 weeks of gestation. The risk of Down syndrome from second‐trimester screening was 1/140. Prenatal ultrasound and amniocentesis were performed, and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was used for genetic analysis.ResultsThe fetus had abnormal clinical features, including intracardiac echogenic focus in the left ventricle, an aberrant right subclavian artery, and growth delay. The fetal chromosomal karyotype was 46,XX,15q?,12q?,21pstk+, and CMA revealed a 10.163 Mb duplication at 15q24.3‐q25.3. The couple chose to terminate the pregnancy after careful consideration.ConclusionsThe combination and rational application of cytogenetics technology and molecular genetics technology such as CMA will open up the field of clinical application and provide useful genetic counseling for parents of fetuses carrying such chromosomal duplications.
The effect of a root‐dentin pretreatment technique combining PIPS with MTAD aiming to improve the bond strength of glass fiber post
Authors: Wan Shu , Tan Yujie , Xie Jing , Huang Xiaoyu , Guo Ling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of MTAD and photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique on the smear layer removal and the bond strength of glass fiber post. Fifty‐five human mandibular premolars were chosen. After root canal therapy and post space preparation, the teeth were equally divided to five groups according to the methods of root‐dentin pretreatment: G1: distilled water (control); G2: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA; G3: MTAD; G4: PIPS; G5: MTAD+PIPS. One sample was randomly selected from each group, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microscopic morphology of the coronal, middle and apical level of the root‐dentin. The remaining ten samples from each group were glued to glass fiber posts, and the bond strength was assessed by push‐out test. SEM evaluation showed that the most complete smear layer removal was found in MTAD + PIPS group, especially in coronal third. Push‐out test results exhibited that there was a statistically significant interaction between the experimental groups and root canal third (p < .0005). Significant differences could be found among five groups (p < .05): G5 > G4 > G3 > G2 > G1. G5 had the highest bond strength. In conclusion, post space pretreatments with MTAD or PIPS technique can significantly remove smear layer and improve the bond strength of glass fiber post, and combination of them works best.
Potential for phytoremediation of nonylphenol from sewage sludge
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Zhou Zhihong , Zhou Shujie , Lei Yutao , Zhao Kunrong , Zhao Tao , Wu Qitang , Qiu Jinrong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonylphenol (NP) is considered a major contaminant that must be removed to enable safe and environmentally friendly land application of sewage sludge. Phytoremediation is a technology in which plants are used to remove and/or stabilize organic and inorganic contaminants present in the soil, municipal wastewater, and sewage sludge. In this study, a 391‐d large pot experiment was conducted to remove NP from sewage sludge by phytoremediation using Zea mays L. ‘Yunshi‐5’, Lolium perenne L., and co‐cropping of the two plants. The fate of NP in the soil under the sewage sludge was assessed at the same time. At the end of the experiment, the NP levels in sludge from the various treatments were as follows: control (38.60%) > L. perenne (31.27%) > Z. mays (16.25%) > co‐cropping (15.28%). Degradation followed an availability‐adjusted first‐order kinetics with a decreasing order of half‐lives as follows: control (88.2 d) > L. perenne (87.3 d) > co‐cropping (66.2 d) > Z. mays (59.1 d). The results indicated that Z. mays and co‐cropping could both degrade NP. The concentrations of NP in tissues of different plants differed significantly. The mean bioconcentration factors for Z. mays and L. perenne were 0.16 and 3.69, respectively. Direct removal of NP from sewage sludge by plant uptake was negligible, as was downward movement of NP in the system. Moreover, NP was not detected in soils in any treatments at harvest.
Investigating the abrupt change of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Western North Pacific by using different TC genesis indices
Authors: Hsiao Li‐Peng , Tsou Chih‐Hua , Yu Jia‐Yuh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe tropical cyclone (TC) genesis indices are used to investigate the abrupt change of TC genesis frequency (TCGF) in the Western North Pacific (WNP) from 1979 to 2014 and to discuss the factors leading to the abrupt change. This study shows that TCGF had an abrupt decrease in 1997, but the popular TC genesis indices used in recent studies do not reflect this feature. An appropriate TC genesis index must consider both thermal and dynamic effects to reflect the TCGF abrupt change in the WNP. We modify the dynamic and thermal effects of the existing indices and propose a new TC genesis index, MoχGPI, which is consistent with the observational abrupt change of TC activity regardless of spatial distribution or time‐series patterns. A budget analysis of MoχGPI is conducted to discuss the individual contribution of large‐scale environmental parameters to the TCGF abrupt change. The results show that the change in relative vorticity (including contributions not only from the environmental relative vorticity, but also a part from the relative vorticity by TCs themself) is the dominant effect leading to the TCGF abrupt change in 1997, followed by the vertical wind shear effect.
A robust automated surface‐matching registration method for neuronavigation
Authors: Fan Yifeng , Yao Xufeng , Xu Xiufang 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe surface‐matching registration method in the current neuronavigation completes the coarse registration mainly by manually selecting anatomical landmarks, which increases the registration time, makes the automatic registration impossible and sometimes results in mismatch. It may be more practical to use a fast, accurate, and automatic spatial registration method for the patient‐to‐image registration.MethodsA coarse‐to‐fine spatial registration method to automatically register the patient space to the image space without placing any markers on the head of the patient was proposed. Three‐dimensional (3D) keypoints were extracted by 3D Harris corner detector from the point clouds in the patient and image spaces, and used as input to the 4‐points congruent sets (4PCS) algorithm which automatically registered the keypoints in the patient space with the keypoints in the image space without any assumptions about initial alignment. Coarsely aligned point clouds in the patient and image space were then fine‐registered with a variant of the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Two experiments were designed based on one phantom and five patients to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.ResultsKeypoints were extracted within 7.0 s with a minimum threshold 0.001. In the phantom experiment, the mean target registration error (TRE) of 15 targets on the surface of the elastic phantom in the five experiments was 1.17 ± 0.04 mm, and the average registration time was 17.4 s. In the clinical experiments, the mean TRE of the targets on the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth patient’s head surface were 1.70 ± 0.32 mm, 1.83 ± 0.38 mm, 1.64 ± 0.3 mm, 1.67 ± 0.35 mm, and 1.72 ± 0.31 mm, respectively, and the average registration time was 21.4 s. Compared with the method only based on the 4PCS and ICP algorithm and the current clinical method, the proposed method has obvious speed advantage while ensuring the registration accuracy.ConclusionsThe proposed method greatly improves the registration speed while guaranteeing the equivalent or higher registration accuracy, and avoids a tedious manual process for the coarse registration.
Evaluating the impact of a multimedia training versus lecture training on attitudes and practices in paediatric nurses in children pain management: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arzani Afsaneh , Valizadeh Sousan , Poorkaremi Samereh , Taheri Ezbarami Zahra , Ghojazadeh Morteza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multimedia training on pain management attitudes and practices of paediatric nurses.DesignA single‐blind randomized trial.MethodsPaediatric nurses (N = 120) from a public hospital randomly allocated into two groups, lecturing and multimedia training groups. Nurses in the control group received four one‐hour training sessions. In the intervention group, the same educational content was used as a film with text, audio and animation and presented as a multimedia CD. In both groups, using a questionnaire, we measured pain management attitudes and skills at baseline and then 1 week and 1 month after the training over. Data were analysed in SPSS20 software, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean of attitude scores of the lecturing group was 104.74 one week after the study and 109.40 one month later versus 74.72. The above‐mentioned scores in the multimedia group were 112.72 and 115.04, respectively, versus 78.70 (p < .001). Also, the mean scores of nurses' performance in the lecturing group before, 1 week and 1 month after the study were 12.48, 26.60 and 28.22, respectively, versus 12.58, 28.68 and 28.98, in multimedia group; this difference was statistically significant (p < .05).
Explaining challenges of obstetric triage structure: A qualitative study
Authors: Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Simbar Masoumeh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explain the challenges of the obstetric triage structure.DesignThe present qualitative research was conducted with directed content analysis approach on 21 members of the triage team and the key informant using purposeful sampling in 2018.MethodsThe method of data collection was semi‐structured interviews. Then, the accuracy and rigour of the qualitative data were examined.ResultsIn this study, the most important challenges in the structure of obstetric triage were identified as pattern and standard, equipment, physical space, human resource and triage procedure and process. Correction and revision in the obstetric triage structure is important to provide high‐quality services. Therefore, the quality of the structure can be developed and maintained accounting for the corresponding challenges.
Critical illness epidemiology and mortality risk in pediatric oncology
Authors: RR Pravin , Tan Enrica Ee Kar , Sultana Rehena , Thoon Koh Cheng , Chan Mei‐Yoke , Lee Jan Hau , Wong Judith Ju‐Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePediatric oncology patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at high risk of mortality. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of and the risk factors for mortality in these patients.Study designThis is a retrospective cohort study including all consecutive PICU oncology admissions from 2011 to 2017. Demographic and clinical risk factors between survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to quantify the association between 60‐day mortality and admission categories, accounting for other covariates (Pediatric Risk Of Mortality [PRISM] III score and previous bacteremia).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was 60‐day mortality.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) age and PRISM III scores of pediatric oncology patients admitted to the PICU were 7 (3, 12) years and 3 (0, 5), respectively. The most common underlying oncological diagnoses were brain tumors (73/200 [36.5%]) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (36/200 [18.0%]). Emergency admissions accounted for approximately half of all admissions (108/200 [54.0%]), including cardiovascular (24/108 [22.2%]), neurology (24/108 [22.2%]), respiratory (22/108 [20.4%]), and “other” indications (38/108 [35.2%]). The overall 60‐day mortality was 35 of 200 (17.5%). Independent risk factors for mortality were emergency respiratory and neurology categories of admission (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR]: 5.62, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.57, 20.19; P = .008 and aHR: 6.96, 95% CI: 2.04, 23.75; P = .002, respectively) and previous bacteremia (aHR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.57, 7.20; P = .002).ConclusionEmergency respiratory and neurology admissions and previous bacteremia were independent risk factors for 60‐day mortality for pediatric oncological patients admitted to the PICU.
Pineoblastoma in children less than six years of age: The Head Start I, II, and III experience
Authors: Abdelbaki Mohamed S. , Abu‐Arja Mohammad H. , Davidson Tom B. , Fangusaro Jason R. , Stanek Joseph R. , Dunkel Ira J. , Dhall Girish , Gardner Sharon L. , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe report the outcomes of patients with pineoblastoma and trilateral retinoblastoma syndrome enrolled on the Head Start (HS) I‐III trials.MethodsTwenty‐three children were enrolled prospectively between 1991 and 2009. Treatment included maximal surgical resection followed by five cycles of intensive chemotherapy and consolidation with marrow‐ablative chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (HDCx/AuHCR). Irradiation following consolidation was reserved for children over six years of age or those with residual tumor at the end of induction.ResultsMedian age was 3.12 years (range, 0.44‐5.72). Three patients withdrew from the study treatment and two patients experienced chemotherapy‐related death. Eight patients experienced progressive disease (PD) during induction chemotherapy and did not proceed to HDCx/AuHCR. Ten patients received HDCx/AuHCR; eight experienced PD post‐consolidation. Seven patients received craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with a median dose of 20.7 Gy (range, 18‐36 Gy) with boost(s) (median dose 27 Gy; range, 18‐36 Gy); three received CSI as adjuvant therapy (two post‐HDCx/AuHCR) and four upon progression/recurrence. The five‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.7% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.6%‐36.0%) and 13% (95% CI: 4.5%‐37.5%), respectively. Only three patients survived beyond five years. Favorable OS prognostic factors were CSI (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30 [0.11‐0.86], P = 0.025) and HDCx/AuHCR (HR = 0.40 [0.16‐0.99], P = 0.047).ConclusionsWithin the HS I‐III trials, CSI and HDCx/AuHCR were statistically associated with improved survival. The high PD rate during later induction cycles and following consolidation chemotherapy warrants consideration of fewer induction cycles prior to consolidation and the potential intensification of consolidation with multiple cycles of marrow‐ablative chemotherapy and irradiation.