bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presbyterianism, unionism, and the Second World War in Northern Ireland: the career of James Little, 1939–46
Authors: Houston Matthew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the career of the Irish Presbyterian minister and member of the Westminster parliament, James Little, as a case study of Presbyterian clerical responses to the Second World War in Northern Ireland. Establishing a more detailed narrative of contemporary interpretations of the conflict improves our understanding of the functions of religious institutions during the period. It demonstrates that Presbyterian church leaders were largely enthusiastic supporters of the war, employing theological language while promoting the agenda of unionist politics. By juxtaposing clerical politico-religious support for the war with their commitment to conservative moral standards, the article assesses the strength with which these views were held, thereby adding to our knowledge of Presbyterianism in the 1940s. The article also situates the Northern Ireland Presbyterian view of the war within the context of the United Kingdom.
Sociability, radium and the maintenance of scientific culture and authority in twentieth-century Ireland: a case study of the Royal Dublin Society
Authors: KIRWAN ADRIAN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article, through a case study of the Royal Dublin Society (RDS), traces the reception, experimentation with, and uses of radium in early twentieth-century Ireland. Throughout the nineteenth century there was increasing state intervention in the provision of scientific and technical education in Ireland. This culminated in the loss of the RDS's traditional role in this area. The article demonstrates that the RDS was forced to re-envisage its role as a scientific institution by actively seeking to support experimental research. Using radium as a case study, the article argues for the success of this tactic. It demonstrates that radium played a central role within the RDS as a nexus for the maintenance of an experimental and philanthropic culture that permeated much of the society's scientific output in this period. In doing this it highlights the importance of sociability in the promotion of science in Ireland in the early twentieth century. In addition, it explores the role of the RDS as an arbiter of scientific authority.
Consanguineous marriages among AndalusianGitanos/Calé: a genealogical analysis (1925–2006)
Authors: Gamella Juan F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing data from the family and genealogical reconstitutions of theGitanopopulation of 22 contiguous localities in eastern Andalusia, Spain, this study analysed the intensity, structure and historical evolution of consanguinity in 3056 couples formed from 1925 to 2006. Of these unions, 54.8% were consanguineous, and 28.7% involved relatives up to and including second cousins, resulting in a mean coefficient of inbreeding up to the third degreeα3= 12.4 × 10−3. The rest of the consanguineous unions (26.1% of all) involved more-distant relatives, such as third cousins, fourth cousins and so forth. When all consanguinity degrees found in the genealogical reconstitution were considered, the total mean coefficient of inbreeding wasαt= 14.8 × 10−3. The merging of families and pedigrees generated a complex genealogical network with many inbreeding loops and important founder effects. This network revealed a high rate (62%) of Multiple Consanguineous Marriages (MCMs) in which second and subsequent consanguineous ties increased inbreeding levels by a fifth (20.5%). The accumulation of multiple degrees of distant relatedness, many of which had little social or biological importance, has contributed to a significant increase in inbreeding rates. AmongGitanopeople, intra-family marriages have remained common in the last decades, in sharp contrast to other Spanish populations. Hence the highest rates of close consanguinity (34%) and inbreeding (α3= 14.6 × 10−3) were found in the 1960s, the decade that saw the onset of Spain’s socioeconomic modernization, internationalization and massive migration. These are among the highest rates of inbreeding found in any European population, including the most endogamous Spanish isolates. They reveal marriage strategies not constrained primarily by geographical barriers, but by ethnocultural separation. Interestingly, in recent decades mixed marriages have been increasing rapidly in this minority, although they are compatible with high rates of consanguinity.Gitanosecular endogamy is breaking up, but not uniformly.
Social reinforcement learning as a predictor of real-life experiences in individuals with high and low depressive symptomatology
Authors: Frey Anna-Lena , Frank Michael J. , McCabe Ciara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported diminished learning from non-social outcomes in depressed individuals. However, it is not clear how depression impacts learning from social feedback. Notably, mood disorders are commonly associated with deficits in social functioning, which raises the possibility that potential impairments in social learning may negatively affect real-life social experiences in depressed subjects.MethodsNinety-two participants with high (HD; N = 40) and low (LD; N = 52) depression scores were recruited. Subjects performed a learning task, during which they received monetary outcomes or social feedback which they were told came from other people. Additionally, participants answered questions about their everyday social experiences. Computational models were fit to the data and model parameters were related to social experience measures.ResultsHD subjects reported a reduced quality and quantity of social experiences compared to LD controls, including an increase in the amount of time spent in negative social situations. Moreover, HD participants showed lower learning rates than LD subjects in the social condition of the task. Interestingly, across all participants, reduced social learning rates predicted higher amounts of time spent in negative social situations, even when depression scores were controlled for.ConclusionThese findings indicate that deficits in social learning may affect the quality of everyday social experiences. Specifically, the impaired ability to use social feedback to appropriately update future actions, which was observed in HD subjects, may lead to suboptimal interpersonal behavior in real life. This, in turn, may evoke negative feedback from others, thus bringing about more unpleasant social encounters.
Choice and quality in home-based and community-based aged care: insights from two rapid evidence reviews
Authors: Hunter Nicholas J. R. , Wells Yvonne , Clune Samantha J. , Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz P. , Johnstone Erica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs consumer-directed care programmes become increasingly common in aged care provision, there is a heightened requirement for literature summarising the experience and perspectives of recipients. We conducted rapid evidence reviews on two components of consumer experience of home- and community-based aged care: (a) drivers of choice when looking for a service (Question 1 (Q1)); and (b) perceptions of quality of services (Question 2 (Q2)). We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and conducted manual (non-systematic) searches of primary and grey literature (e.g. government reports) across CINAHL, Scopus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science, Trove and OpenGrey databases. Articles deemed eligible after abstract/full-text screening subsequently underwent risk-of-bias assessment to ensure their quality. The final included studies (Q1: N = 21; Q2: N = 19) comprised both quantitative and qualitative articles, which highlighted that consumer choices of services are driven by a combination of: desire for flexibility in service provision; optimising mobility; need for personal assistance, security and safety, interaction, and social/leisure activities; and to target and address previously unmet needs. Similarly, consumer perspectives of quality include control and autonomy, interpersonal interactions, flexibility of choice, and safety and affordability. Our reviews suggest that future model development should take into account consumers’ freedom to choose services in a flexible manner, and the value they place on interpersonal relationships and social interaction.
Stent treatment of ostial branch pulmonary artery stenosis: initial and medium-term outcomes and technical considerations to avoid and minimise stent malposition
Authors: Patel Neil D. , Sullivan Patrick M. , Takao Cheryl M. , Badran Sarah , Ing Frank F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:Stenting of ostial pulmonary artery stenosis presents several unique challenges. These include difficulty in defining anatomy and need for precise stent placement in order to avoid missing the ostial stenosis or jailing either the contralateral branch pulmonary artery or the ipsilateral upper lobe branch.Design:A retrospective review of outcomes was conducted in 1.5 or 2-ventricle patients who underwent stent placement for ostial branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Specific catheterisation lab techniques were reviewed.Results:Forty-seven branch pulmonary arteries underwent stent placement for ostial stenosis in 43 patients. The median age and weight were 3.7 (0.3–18.1) years and 14.2 (5.6–70.0) kg, respectively. Three (2–8) angiographic projections were needed to profile the ostial stenosis. Open-cell stents were used in 23 and stents were modified in 5 cases. Following stent implantation, the minimum diameter improved from 3.6 (0.8–10.5) to 8.1 (4.2–16.5) mm (p < 0.001). The gradient improved from 21 (0–66) to 4 (0–27) mmHg (p < 0.001). Stent malposition occurred in eight (17%) of the stents placed. Five migrated distally causing suboptimal ostial coverage necessitating placement of a second stent in four. Three migrated proximally and partially jailed the contralateral pulmonary artery. Intentional jailing of the upper lobe branch occurred in four additional cases. At a follow-up of 2.4 (0.3–4.9) years, 15 stents underwent further dilation and 1 had a second stent placed within the exiting stent.Conclusion:Ostial branch pulmonary artery stenosis may require additional angiography to accurately define the ostial stenosis. Treatment with stents is effective but carries high rates of stent malposition.
The law and ethics of ‘cultural appropriation’
Authors: Siems Mathias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCultural appropriation is often defined as the ‘taking of intellectual property, cultural expressions or artefacts, history, and ways of knowledge’. Despite this apparent link to intellectual property, legal issues are only rarely mentioned in the current debate. Thus, to start with, this paper aims to fill this gap in identifying the possible bases in existing laws that may, at least in principle, justify claims of unlawful behaviour. As far as ethical considerations are concerned, the paper then notes a deep divide between those who fully endorse the notion of cultural appropriation and those who are resolutely opposed to it. This paper aims to give fair consideration to both sides of the argument, suggesting three categories of potentially unethical conduct. On this basis, the paper finally revisits possible legal responses from a normative perspective.
Interannual Variation of Upper Stratospheric Ozone in the Northern Midlatitudes in Early Winter Caused by Planetary Waves
Authors: Ohyama H. , Sugita T. , Akiyoshi H. , Nagahama T. , Mizuno A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOzone mixing ratios in the upper stratosphere, observed with a millimeter‐wave radiometer at Rikubetsu (43.46°N, 143.77°E), Japan, from November 1999 to February 2017 showed both interannual and seasonal variation, which was characterized by a winter maximum and a summer minimum. During the study period, the summer minima were nearly constant whereas the winter maxima varied interannually and also displayed short‐term variability. The observed ozone mixing ratios at 1 hPa were anticorrelated with temperature at 1 hPa from MERRA‐2 data. The slope of the relationship between the logarithm of ozone concentration and the reciprocal of temperature differed between winter data and both summer and annual data. Therefore, we inferred that both chemistry and dynamics affect short‐term variation of ozone mixing ratios in winter. We then examined the contribution of the polar vortex to interannual variations in ozone and temperature at 1 hPa. When the polar vortex was strong, wave number‐1 planetary waves at high latitude propagated toward the midlatitudes instead of vertically. The vertical component of the wave number‐1 Eliassen‐Palm flux along 43°N at 1 hPa was strongly correlated with zonal mean zonal wind along 60°N at 50 hPa. When the zonal mean westerly wind was strong in December, upper stratospheric (~1 hPa) temperatures over Rikubetsu and over a point on the opposite side of the globe (by longitude) were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than the climatological temperature. Thus, planetary wave propagation related to zonal mean westerly wind strength induced early winter interannual variation in upper stratospheric ozone in the midlatitudes.
Similar Glacial‐Interglacial δ15N Variations in Two MIS 13–10 Sediment Sequences in the Western North Atlantic Ocean: Changes in Nitrogen Sources, Denitrification, or Diagenesis?
Authors: Meyers Philip A. , Poli Maria Serena , Thunell Robert C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have determined total organic carbon‐mass accumulation rates (TOC‐MARs) and δ15N values in Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13–10 sediments from two oligotrophic parts of the western North Atlantic Ocean—Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1063 on the Bermuda Rise and Site 1058 on the Blake Outer Ridge. Both TOC‐MARs and δ15N values vary significantly in these depositional records. TOC‐MARs are highest in sediments deposited at Site 1063 during MIS 12 and MIS 10, implying marine productivity or TOC preservation increased at this location during glacial stages, and low TOC‐MARs during most of MIS 11 in Site 1063 sediment imply low rates during this warm interval. In contrast to the Site 1063 record, productivity or preservation appears to have been greater at Site 1058 during parts of the MIS 11 interglacial than during the glacial intervals. Unlike the TOC‐MAR records, δ15N values at both locations exhibit similar glacial‐interglacial alternations. Values peak during substage 11.3 and gradually decrease toward the terminations of MIS 12 and MIS 10. The similarity of the δ15N patterns at these two sites implies that nitrogen cycling at these locations is largely independent of changes in local surface production of organic matter, and the higher δ15N values are unlikely to result from denitrification. Instead, the δ15N alternations likely result from glacial‐interglacial alternations between higher rates of sediment delivery to these western North Atlantic locations during glacial periods that favored TOC preservation and lower rates during interglacials that allowed more TOC degradation and associated diagenetic alteration of its nitrogen isotopic composition, leading to higher sediment δ15N values.
CoO-Mo2N hollow heterostructure for high-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Su Danni , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wu Aiping , Yan Haijing , Liu Ziyi , Wang Lei , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDriving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with solar-energy cells is considered a green and sustainable way to produce H2. Herein, CoO-Mo2N hollow heterojunctions were designed for effective HER based on the combined virtues of the hollow structure and heterojunctions. The hollow CoMoO4-Co(OH)2precursor was first synthesized via the reaction of Co2+from ZIF-67 with MoO42−and OH−in a Na2MoO4solution. A series of experiments indicate the formation of the hollow Co-Mo-O precursor followed a mechanism analogous to the nanoscale “Kirkendall Effect”. After heating in NH3, the CoO-Mo2N hollow heterostructure was obtained. The Mo species in the precursor played an important role in maintaining the morphology under nitridation treatment. The hollow structure is favorable for contact and diffusion of electrolyte with (in) catalysts, while the CoO in CoO-Mo2N is favorable for the dissociation of water. Both promote the HER. Under optimized conditions, the hollow catalyst exhibited good HER performance with an overpotential of 65 mV at 10 mA cm−2in 1 M KOH. The performance is better than that of many nonprecious metal-based catalysts. An electrolyzer composed of CoO-Mo2N heterojunctions as the cathode and NiFe-LDH as the anode can be driven by a solar cell to achieve effective overall water splitting. The adjudication of MOFs makes the route promising for the design of robust catalysts for advanced application.
Discovery of increased epidermal DNAH10 expression after regeneration of dermis in a randomized with-in person trial — reflections on psoriatic inflammation
Authors: Lagus Heli , Klaas Mariliis , Juteau Susanna , Elomaa Outi , Kere Juha , Vuola Jyrki , Jaks Viljar , Kankuri Esko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBecause molecular memories of past inflammatory events can persist in epidermal cells, we evaluated the long-term epidermal protein expression landscapes after dermal regeneration and in psoriatic inflammation. We first characterized the effects of two dermal regeneration strategies on transplants of indicator split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) in ten adult patients with deep burns covering more than 20% of their body surface area. After fascial excision, three adjacent areas within the wound were randomized to receive a permanent dermal matrix, a temporary granulation-tissue-inducing dressing or no dermal component as control. Control areas were covered with STSG immediately, and treated areas after two-weeks of dermis formation. Epidermis-dermis-targeted proteomics of one-year-follow-up samples were performed for protein expression profiling. Epidermal expression of axonemal dynein heavy chain 10 (DNAH10) was increased 20-fold in samples having had regenerating dermis vs control. Given the dermal inflammatory component found in our dermal regeneration samples as well as in early psoriatic lesions, we hypothesized that DNAH10 protein expression also would be affected in psoriatic skin samples. We discovered increased DNAH10 expression in inflammatory lesions when compared to unaffected skin. Our results associate DNAH10 expression with cell proliferation and inflammation as well as with the epidermal memory resulting from the previous regenerative signals of dermis. This study (ISRCTN14499986) was funded by the Finnish Ministry of Defense and by government subsidies for medical research.
Optically modulated magnetic resonance of erbium implanted silicon
Authors: Hughes Mark A. , Li Heqing , Theodoropoulou Nafsika , Carey J. David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEr implanted Si is a candidate for quantum and photonic applications; however, several different Er centres are generated, and their symmetry, energy level structure, magnetic and optical properties, and mutual interactions have been poorly understood, which has been a major barrier to the development of these applications. Optically modulated magnetic resonance (OMMR) gives a spectrum of the modulation of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal by a tuneable optical field. Our OMMR spectrum of Er implanted Si agrees with three independent measurements, showing that we have made the first measurement of the crystal field splitting of the 4I13/2 manifold of Er implanted Si, and allows us to revise the crystal field splitting of the 4I15/2 manifold. This splitting originates from a photoluminescence (PL) active O coordinated Er centre with orthorhombic C2v symmetry, which neighbours an EPR active O coordinated Er centre with monoclinic C1h symmetry. This pair of centres could form the basis of a controlled NOT (CNOT) gate.
Inherent Surface Properties of Adsorbent-Free Ultrathin Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator Platelets
Authors: Belec Blaž , Ferfolja Katja , Goršak Tanja , Kostevšek Nina , Gardonio Sandra , Fanetti Mattia , Valant Matjaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report on a hydrothermal synthesis of hexagonal ultra-thin Bi2Se3 platelets, which was performed without any organic reactants. The synthesis resulted in the particles with a surface, clean of any organic adsorbents, which was confirmed with a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurements and thermogravimetric measurements coupled with a mass spectroscopy. Due to the absence of the adsorbed organic layer on the Bi2Se3 platelet surface, we were able to measure their inherent surface and optical properties. So far this has not been possible as it has been believed that such hexagonal Bi2Se3 platelets can only be prepared by a solvothermal synthesis, for which it was unable to avoid the organic surface layer. Here we explain the mechanism behind the successful hydrothermal synthesis and show a striking difference in zeta potential behaviour and UV-vis absorption characteristics caused by the adsorbed layer. The surface of the hydrothermally synthesized Bi2Se3 platelets was so clean to enable the occurrence of the localized surface plasmon resonance due to the bulk and topological surface electronic states.
A Nanostructured Microfluidic Artificial Olfaction for Organic Vapors Recognition
Authors: Janfaza Sajjad , Kim Eujin , O’Brien Allen , Najjaran Homayoun , Nikkhah Maryam , Alizadeh Taher , Hoorfar Mina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of great importance in applications involving monitoring of hazardous chemicals or non-invasive diagnosis. Here, polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles with acetone recognition sites are synthesized and integrated into a 3D-printed microfluidic platform to enhance the selectivity of the device. The proposed microfluidic-based olfaction system includes two parylene C-coated microchannels, with or without polymer nanoparticles. The two channels are exposed to 200, 400, 800, 2000, and 4000 ppm of VOCs (methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, butanone, and toluene), and sensor responses are compared using a 2D feature extraction method. Compared to current microfluidic-based olfaction systems, responses observed between coated and uncoated channels showed an increased recognition capability among VOCs (especially with respect to acetone), indicating the potential of this approach to increase and fine-tune the selectivity of microfluidic gas sensors.
Elucidating molecular interactions of L-nucleotides with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and mechanism of M184V-caused drug resistance
Authors: Hung Magdeleine , Tokarsky E. John , Lagpacan Leanna , Zhang Lijun , Suo Zucai , Lansdon Eric B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmtricitabine (FTC) and lamivudine (3TC), containing an oxathiolane ring with unnatural (−)-stereochemistry, are widely used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in anti-HIV therapy. Treatment with FTC or 3TC primarily selects for the HIV-1 RT M184V/I resistance mutations. Here we provide a comprehensive kinetic and structural basis for inhibiting HIV-1 RT by (−)-FTC-TP and (−)-3TC-TP and drug resistance by M184V. (−)-FTC-TP and (−)-3TC-TP have higher binding affinities (1/Kd) for wild-type RT but slower incorporation rates than dCTP. HIV-1 RT ternary crystal structures with (−)-FTC-TP and (−)-3TC-TP corroborate kinetic results demonstrating that their oxathiolane sulfur orients toward the DNA primer 3′-terminus and their triphosphate exists in two different binding conformations. M184V RT displays greater (>200-fold) Kd for the L-nucleotides and moderately higher (>9-fold) Kd for the D-isomers compared to dCTP. The M184V RT structure illustrates how the mutation repositions the oxathiolane of (−)-FTC-TP and shifts its triphosphate into a non-productive conformation.