bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspicuous consumption and household indebtedness
Authors: Lee Kwan Ok , Mori Masaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing a novel, large data set of consumer transactions in Singapore, we study how conspicuous consumption affects household indebtedness. The coexistence of private housing (condominiums) and subsidized public housing (Housing Development Board [HDB]) allows us to identify conspicuous consumers. Conditional on income and other socioeconomic characteristics, those who choose to reside in condominiums—considered a status good in Singapore—are likely to be more conspicuous than their counterparts living in HDB units. We find that condominium residents spend considerably more (by 25%) on conspicuous goods but not differently on inconspicuous goods. Compared with their matched HDB counterparts, these consumers with higher conspicuous motivation carry 7% more credit card debt and 108% more delinquent credit card debt. Our results suggest that status‐seeking‐induced conspicuous consumption is an important determinant of household indebtedness.
Cocaine experience abolishes the motivation suppressing effect of CRF in the ventral midbrain
Authors: Oliva Idaira , Donate Melissa M. , Lefner Merridee J. , Wanat Matthew J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStress affects dopamine‐dependent behaviors in part through the actions of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). For example, acute stress engages CRF signaling in the VTA to suppress the motivation to work for food rewards. In contrast, acute stress promotes drug‐seeking behavior through the actions of CRF in the VTA. These diverging behavioral effects in food‐ and drug‐based tasks could indicate that CRF modulates goal‐directed actions in a reinforcer‐specific manner. Alternatively, prior drug experience could functionally alter how CRF in the VTA regulates dopamine‐dependent behavior. To address these possibilities, we examined how intra‐VTA injections of CRF influenced cocaine intake and whether prior drug experience alters how CRF modulates the motivation for food rewards. Our results demonstrate that intra‐VTA injections of CRF had no effect on drug intake when self‐administering cocaine under a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule. We also found that a prior history of either contingent or noncontingent cocaine infusions abolished the capacity for CRF to reduce the motivation for food rewards. Furthermore, voltammetry recordings in the nucleus accumbens illustrate that CRF in the VTA had no effect on cocaine‐evoked dopamine release. These results collectively illustrate that exposure to abused substances functionally alters how neuropeptides act within the VTA to influence motivated behavior.
TSPO polymorphism in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Association with cholesterol levels and withdrawal severity
Authors: Wiers Corinde E. , Martins De Carvalho Luana , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Schwandt Melanie , Kim Sung Won , Diazgranados Nancy , Wang Gene‐Jack , Goldman David , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe translocator protein (TSPO) transports cholesterol into mitochondria and is involved in steroidogenesis. The TSPO polymorphism rs6971 influences binding of cholesterol and other TSPO ligands including positron‐emission tomography (PET) imaging radiotracers. Although it is recognized that alcohol increases plasma high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), its effects on total cholesterol and triglycerides along with its relationship to TSPO genotype have not been assessed. Here, we evaluated whether plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are disrupted in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their association with rs6971 in 932 AUD participants (DSM IV or 5) and 546 controls. AUD participants compared with controls had significantly higher plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, but not of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). In the AUD group only, TSPO rs6971 had a significant effect on plasma levels of cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides (AA (n = 62) > AG (n = 319) > GG (n = 551)), but not on HDL levels. Additionally, we showed a significant effect of TSPO rs6971 on withdrawal scores (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol [CIWA]), with higher scores in AA (n = 50) compared with AG (n = 238) and GG (n = 428). CIWA scores in AUD participants correlated negatively with LDL and positively with HDL, but not with total cholesterol or triglycerides. These findings corroborate elevated plasma cholesterol and HDL levels in AUD and document significant increases in triglycerides. We also reveal for the first time an association in AUD participants between TSPO rs6971 genotype and plasma cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels (not for HDL) and with withdrawal severity. Mediation analyses revealed that LDL (but not HDL) influenced the association between TSPO and alcohol withdrawal severity.
Temporal trends in exercise physiology services in Australia—Implications for rural and remote service provision
Authors: Stanton Robert , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess temporal trends in service provision by Accredited Exercise Physiologists based on remoteness classification using Australian Bureau of Statistics remoteness classifications of Major Cities, Inner Regional, Outer Regional, Remote and Very Remote.Design and participantsCross‐sectional analysis of publicly available Medicare Benefits Schedule datasets, for Medicare item number 10953 from 2012‐2013 to 2016‐2017.Main outcome measure(s)Number of claims, benefits paid, fees charges and number of providers for Medicare item number 10953.ResultsAccredited Exercise Physiologist service delivery demonstrates growth across all areas of remoteness classification. Rebates and fees mirror service delivery trends. The rate of service growth was significantly greater in Major Cities compared with all other remoteness classifications. Provider numbers show a steady increase from 2012‐2013 to 2016‐2017 but number remains higher in Major Cities compared with all other remoteness locations.ConclusionGiven the high proportion of chronic and complex illness in rural and remote areas, and the limited access to allied health care services, we propose more needs to be done to position Accredited Exercise Physiologists in these regions of increasing need. These findings have implications for future development of the Accredited Exercise Physiologist profession.
An in vivo image acquisition system for the evaluation of tracheal mechanics in rats
Authors: Valenga Marcelo Henrique , Vitorasso Renato de Lima , Rodrigues Thiago Guimarães , Pazetti Rogério , Cardoso Paulo Francisco Guerreiro , Moriya Henrique Takachi , Aoki Fabio Gava 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMechanical evaluation of tracheal grafts is of great relevance for transplant research. Although there are some publications demonstrating different techniques of tracheal mechanical evaluation, there is still no definitive or preferred protocol available. Here, we present a simple image processing acquisition system that can be used for in vivo experiments. Six male Wistar rats were submitted to orotracheal intubation and a longitudinal incision was made to expose the trachea. Images of tracheae were acquired from a video camera in different scenarios of bronchoconstriction using methacholine (MCh) (Basal, PBS, MCh 30 μg/kg, MCh 300 μg/kg, and postmetabolized) during imposed‐inspiration and imposed‐expiration. The area variation ratio (the ratio between areas during expiration vs. inspiration) was 1.1× for the Basal group, while the ratio for MCh 300 µg/kg was 6.5×. The area variation of imaged tracheae was statistically significant at the dose of MCh 300 µg/kg for imposed‐inspiration versus imposed‐expiration (P = .002). Likewise, elastance data of respiratory mechanics indicated a statistically significant difference at the dose of MCh 300 µg/kg for imposed‐inspiration versus imposed‐expiration (P = .026). Our image processing analysis protocol presented corresponding behavior when compared to mechanical parameters of the respiratory system. In addition, our image acquisition system was able to highlight the differences between imposed‐inspiration and imposed‐expiration. Image analysis of the tracheal area variation seems to be in agreement with the elastance of the respiratory system. Taken together, these observations may help future studies of tracheal transplantation for in situ assessment of graft patency.
Motivated, Fit, and Strong—Using Counter‐Stereotypical Images to Reduce Weight Stigma Internalisation in Women with Obesity
Authors: Myre Maxine , Berry Tanya R. , Ball Geoff D.C. , Hussey Brad 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to use implicit retraining to change automatic associations between body size and physical activity (PA) in women with obesity to reduce weight bias internalisation (WBI).MethodsA Solomon‐square experimental design was used to determine the effect of a four‐week online implicit retraining intervention on WBI (primary measure) and PA attitudes, self‐efficacy, and self‐reported behaviour (secondary measures). The intervention was a visual probe task pairing counter‐stereotypical images of active individuals with obesity with positive PA‐related words. In qualitative telephone interviews, a sub‐sample of participants provided feedback and recommendations for using counter‐stereotypical images in PA promotion.ResultsWomen completed the intervention (n = 48) or a control task (n = 55). Results of a RM‐ANOVA showed no interaction or main effect of group on WBI. A main effect of time demonstrated that both groups had reduced WBI between pre‐test and post‐test, through to one‐week follow‐up. There were no differences between groups or over time for PA attitudes, self‐efficacy, or behaviour. Women who completed interviews (n = 16) discussed several benefits and drawbacks of using counter‐stereotypical images.ConclusionImplicit retraining did not reduce WBI but qualitative findings support the use of counter‐stereotypical PA images.
Vegetation mapping using hierarchical object‐based image analysis applied to aerial imagery and lidar data
Authors: Uyeda Kellie A. , Warkentin Kelsey K. , Stow Douglas A. , O'Leary John F. , Snavely Rachel A. , Lambert Julie , Bolick Leslie A. , O'Connor Kimberly , Munson Bryan , Loerch Andrew C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims: The primary objective of this study is to map the distribution and quantify the cover of vegetation alliances over the entirety of San Clemente Island (SCI). To this end, we develop and evaluate the mapping method of hierarchical object‐based classification with a rule‐based expert system.Location: San Clemente Island, California, USA.Methods: We developed and tested an approach based on hierarchical object‐based classification with a rule‐based expert system to effectively map vegetation communities on SCI following the Manual of California Vegetation classification system. In this mapping approach, the shrub species defining each vegetation community and non‐shrub growth forms were first mapped using aerial imagery and lidar data, then used as input in an automated mapping rule set that incorporates the percent cover rules of a field‐based mapping rule set.Results: The final vegetation map portrays the distribution of 19 vegetation communities across SCI, with the largest areas comprised of California Annual and Perennial Grassland (35%) and three types of coastal sage scrub and maritime succulent scrub, comprising a combined 53% of the area. Map accuracy was assessed to be 79% based on fuzzy methods and 61% with a traditional accuracy assessment. The accuracy of tree identification was assessed to be 81%, but species‐level tree accuracy was 45%.Conclusions: Semi‐automated approaches to vegetation community mapping can produce repeatable maps over large spatial extents that facilitate ecological management efforts. However, some low‐statured shrub community types were difficult to differentiate due to patchy canopies of co‐occurring species including abundant non‐native grasses characteristic of complex disturbance histories. Species‐level tree mapping accuracy was low due to the difficulty of identifying species within poorly illuminated canyons, resulting from sub‐optimal image acquisition timing.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐δ controls endoplasmic reticulum membrane fluidity and permeability in fungus‐induced allergic inflammation in mice
Authors: Lee Hwa‐Young , Lee Geum‐Hwa , Kim Hyung‐Ryong , Lee Yong‐Chul , Chae Han‐Jung 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposePhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), especially PI3K‐δ, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play important roles in refractory asthma induced by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus through mechanisms that are not well understood. Here we have investigated these mechanisms, using BEAS‐2B human bronchial epithelial cells and a mouse model of A. fumigatus‐induced allergic lung inflammation.Experimental ApproachA selective PI3K‐δ inhibitor, IC87114, and an ER folding chaperone, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA), were applied to a model of A. fumigatus‐induced asthma in female C57BL/6 mice. The therapeutic potential of IC87114 and 4‐PBA was assessed in relevant primary cell, tissue, and disease models, using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and assessment of ER redox state and membrane fluidity.Key ResultsTreatment with IC87114 or 4‐PBA alleviated pulmonary inflammation and airway remodelling and reduced ER stress and inflammation‐associated intra‐ER hyperoxidation, disrupting protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone activity. IC87114 and 4‐PBA also reversed changes in ER membrane fluidity and permeability and the resultant mitochondrial hyperactivation (i.e., Ca2+ accumulation) under hyperoxidation, thereby restoring the physiological state of the ER and mitochondria. These compounds also abolished mitochondria‐associated ER membrane (MAM) formation caused by the physical contact between these subcellular organelles.Conclusion and ImplicationsPI3K‐δ and ER stress mediate A. fumigatus‐induced allergic lung inflammation by altering the ER redox state, PDI chaperone function, and ER membrane fluidity and permeability and by amplifying ER signalling to mitochondria through MAM formation. Thus, therapeutic strategies that target the PI3K‐δ–ER stress axis could be an effective treatment for allergic asthma caused by fungi.
Circulating extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated HULC is a potential biomarker for human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Ota Yu , Kogure Takayuki , Suzuki Yuko , Iwamoto Hidetaka , Yamakita Keisuke , Kitano Yohei , Fujii Satoshi , Haneda Masakazu , Patel Tushar , Ota Tsuguhito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unclear. Some lncRNAs can be transferred by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and have potential as biomarkers. Here, we identify an lncRNA that could serve as a biomarker for PDAC and show the functional roles of the lncRNA. Expression profiling of lncRNAs revealed that highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) was highly expressed, and induced, by transforming growth factor‐β in PDAC cells and their EVs. Knockdown of HULC decreased PDAC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the EMT. Thus, HULC could be transferred by EVs, and promote EMT, invasion, and migration in recipient PDAC cells. To assess the roles of HULC, PDAC cell xenografts in nude mice were established. Knockdown of HULC in PDAC cells implanted in mice inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, microRNA‐133b suppressed PDAC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the EMT through targeting HULC. Furthermore, serum samples were obtained from 20 PDAC and 22 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) patients, as well as 21 healthy individuals. Analysis of serum EV HULC expression by digital PCR showed that HULC expression was significantly increased in PDAC patients compared to healthy individuals or IPMN patients. Additionally, HULC showed good predictive performance for discriminating PDAC, suggesting that the analysis of EV‐encapsulated HULC would contribute to the diagnosis for human PDAC. Extracellular vesicle‐transported HULC promotes cell invasion and migration by inducing the EMT, and microRNA‐133b suppresses the EMT by targeting HULC. Extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated HULC could be a potential circulating biomarker for human PDAC.
Temporary faecal diversion in ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease: is there an impact on long‐term surgical recurrence?
Authors: Bolckmans R. , Singh S. , Ratnatunga K. , Wickramasinghe D. , Sahnan K. , Adegbola S. , Kalman D. , Jones H. , Travis S. , Warusavitarne J. , Myrelid P. , George B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTemporary faecal diversion after ileocolic resection (ICR) for Crohn’s disease reduces postoperative anastomotic complications in high‐risk patients. The aim of this study was to assess if this approach also reduces long‐term surgical recurrence.MethodThis was a multicentre retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases. Patient demographics, medical and surgical details were collected by three specialist centres. All patients had undergone an ICR between 2000 and 2012. The primary end‐point was surgical recurrence.ResultsThree hundred and twelve patients (80%) underwent an ICR without covering ileostomy (one stage). Seventy‐seven (20%) had undergone an ICR with end ileostomy/double‐barrel ileostomy/enterocolostomy followed by closure (two stage). The median follow‐up was 105 months [interquartile range (IQR) 76–136 months]. The median time to ileostomy closure was 9 months (IQR 5–12 months). There was no significant difference in surgical recurrence between the one‐ and two‐stage groups (18% vs 16%, P = 0.94). We noted that smokers (20% vs 34%, P = 0.01) and patients with penetrating disease (28% vs 52%, P < 0.01) were more likely to be defunctioned. A reduced recurrence rate was observed in the small high‐risk group of patients who were smokers with penetrating disease behaviour treated with a two‐stage strategy (0/10 vs 4/7, P = 0.12).ConclusionDespite having higher baseline risk factors, the results in terms of rate of surgical recurrence over 9 years are similar for patients having a two‐stage compared with a one‐stage procedure.
Surgery, stomas, and anxiety and depression in inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort analysis of privately insured patients
Authors: Sceats L. A. , Dehghan M. S. , Rumer K. K. , Trickey A. , Morris A. M. , Kin C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are diagnosed with anxiety/depression at higher rates than the general population. We aimed to determine the frequency of anxiety/depression among IBD patients and the temporal association with abdominal surgery and stoma formation.MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in adult patients with IBD using difference‐in‐difference methodology and a large commercial claims database (2003–2016). Outcomes were anxiety/depression diagnoses before and after major abdominal surgery or stoma formation.ResultsWe identified 10 481 IBD patients who underwent major abdominal surgery, 18.8% of whom underwent stoma formation, and 41 924 nonsurgical age‐ and sex‐matched IBD controls who were assigned random index dates. Rates of anxiety and depression increased among all cohorts (P < 0.001). Surgical patients had higher odds of anxiety [one surgery, adjusted OR 6.90 (95% CI 6.11–7.79), P < 0.001; two or more surgeries, 7.53 (5.99–9.46), P < 0.001] and depression [one surgery, 6.15 (5.57–6.80), P < 0.001; two or more surgeries, 6.88 (5.66–8.36), P < 0.001] than nonsurgical controls. Undergoing multiple surgeries was associated with a significant increase in depression from ‘pre’ to ‘post’ time periods [1.43 (1.18–1.73), P < 0.001]. Amongst surgical patients, stoma formation was independently associated with anxiety [1.40 (1.17–1.68), P < 0.001] and depression [1.23 (1.05–1.45), P = 0.01]. New ostomates experienced a greater increase in postoperative anxiety [1.24 (1.05–1.47), P = 0.01] and depression [1.19 (1.03–1.45), P = 0.01] than other surgical patients.ConclusionIBD patients who undergo surgery have higher rates of anxiety and depression than nonsurgical patients. Rates of anxiety and depression increase following surgery. Stoma formation represents an additional risk factor. These findings suggest the need for perioperative psychosocial support services.
Social support is a strong determinant of life satisfaction among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lee Sang Hee , Lee Haejung , Kim Yun Seong , Park Hye‐Kyung , Lee Min Ki , Kim Ki Uk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently compromised in terms of social life and functional capacity, triggering reduced in life satisfaction (LS). We investigated the level of LS among elderly patients with COPD and factors associated with LS.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional survey enroling a sample of 160 COPD subjects aged 65 y or older. At enrolment, all patients completed measures of LS (the Satisfaction with Life Scale; SWLS) and social support (Personal Resource Questionnaire; PRQ). The health‐related quality of life (HRQL) was measured using St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsAbout 30.6% of the patients reported that they were satisfied or highly satisfied with their lives. In univariate analysis, post‐bronchodilator FEV1, percentage predicted was significantly associated with SWLS score (r = 0.205, P = .009). Age (r = 0.207), diabetes (r = 0.209), osteoporosis (r = −0.190), PRQ (r = 0.388), SGRQ total (r = −0.291), SF‐36 PCS (r = 0.233), SF‐36 MCS (r = 0.274), HADS‐A (r = −0.291) and HADS‐D (r = −0.352) were also associated with SWLS score (all P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that FEV1 (r = 0.223, P = .04) and PRQ (r = .244, P = .002) were independently associated with SWLS score.ConclusionsLess than one‐third of older adults with COPD reported that they were satisfied with their lives. Better lung function and greater social support were independently associated with high LS.
Elevated algal and sedimentary turbidity alter prey consumption by emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides)
Authors: Nieman Chelsey L. , Gray Suzanne M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic increases to turbidity (suspended particulates) in the water column can alter the underwater visual environment, resulting in disruptions to visual signals in fishes exposed to these conditions. However, dissimilar turbidity types (e.g. sedimentary or algal particles) are expected to influence the visual environment in different ways as they exhibit differing physical characteristics. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of elevated turbidity on prey consumption in emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides). A secondary goal was to determine the relationship between visual morphological structures (i.e. eyes and optic lobe of brain) and prey consumption in different visual environments. We tested emerald shiner consumption of Daphnia magna in three turbidity types (sedimentary, algal and sedimentary + algal) at two different levels (20 NTU and 40 NTU) as well as in a clear (<5 NTU) control. We found that prey consumption decreased in high turbidity (40 NTU) across turbidity types relative to the control treatment. Further, consumption was lower in each treatment relative to the control with the exception of the moderate (20 NTU) sedimentary turbidity treatment. This study indicates that for emerald shiner, while high levels of turbidity are likely to suppress foraging, moderate levels of sedimentary turbidity may be slightly beneficial for foraging success. Further, it is likely that increases in algal turbidity via cultural eutrophication are likely to result in reductions in prey consumption.