bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Length of Hospital Stay in Oral Cavity Cancer Surgery: A Nomogram-based Approach
Authors: Gopalkrishnan Sagarika , Singhavi Hitesh Rajendra , Nair Sudhir , Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Shetty Rathan , Kannan Sadhana , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the study was to develop a nomogram for the prediction of length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing oral cavity cancer surgery.

Background:
LOS is an important indicator of patient recovery and healthcare resource utilization in OSCS. Several factors influence LOS, including patient-related, disease-related, and healthcare system-related factors.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data from 874 OSCS patients treated at our institution between 2016 and 2020. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with LOS of more than 7 days. A nomogram was developed based on the significant factors.

Results:
The following factors were significantly associated with longer LOS: advanced tumor stage (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, P < 0.001), type of reconstruction (free flap: OR = 2.43, P < 0.001; regional flap: OR = 1.82, P = 0.002), ASA grade ≥3 (OR = 1.67, P = 0.002), and extensive primary surgery (OR = 1.53, P = 0.012). The nomogram showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.699.

Conclusion:
The nomogram developed in this study can be used to predict LOS in OSCS patients, which may help to optimize resource allocation and improve patient care.
Smart Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Joshi Sourabh Ramesh , Thacker Sneh , Mopagar Viddyasagar Prabhakar , Padmawar Neeta Surendra , Patil Chaitra Krishnagouda , Pendyala Gowri Swaminatham 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current utilization of smart materials in pediatric dentistry and evaluate their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives associated with their use.

Methods:
This review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. From January 2013 to January 2024, a systematic search for reference articles was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. The population included children aged 3 to 14 who received smart material as a treatment modality. All titles and abstracts for the identified studies were reviewed to determine eligibility for inclusion.

Results:
A total of 100 articles from the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences database were found using the initial keyword searches. Duplicates were removed from the search and records written in English only were included. Title and abstract screening were done to the 80 remaining articles. Out of these, 18 articles were extracted for full-text eligibility after 72 articles had been excluded based on their titles and abstracts. 11 were eliminated following full-text screening because they did not meet the age requirement. Therefore, this review contained a total of 7 articles.

Conclusion:
Even though they are still in the early stages of development, these materials have the potential to revolutionise dental care in the future. Paediatric dentists must stay up-to-date with these innovations in order to fully utilise them and provide comprehensive, high-quality care.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Oxygen-releasing Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agarwal Shristi , Bali Shweta , Aggarwal Priyanka , Garg Amit , Nautiyal Aruna , Sharma Manish 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of the study was to clinically and microbiologically evaluate the efficacy of an oxygen-releasing gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was in accordance with the ethical standards of the Indian Council of Medical Research. A total of selected 30 sites were divided into Group A (control) – SRP and Group B (Test) – SRP with oxygen-releasing gel. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 months. A plaque sample was sent for microbiological analysis (culture for colony count and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) at baseline and 3 months. All Clinical and microbiological analysis were performed, and information was fed into an Excel® database for subsequent statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0).

Results:
A statistically significant difference in PI, GI, PPD, and CAL in both the groups was observed between baseline, 1, and 3 months (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically higher significant reduction in PPD (3.60 ± 0.507 vs. 4.93 ± 0.594) and CAL ((3.60 ± 0.507 vs. 4.93 ± 0.594) in the test group when compared to the control group at 3 months from baseline. Reduction in colony count and PCR values of Porphyromonas gingivalis between baseline and 3 months was more in the test Group 3-month follow-up. However, no statistically significant difference was found in PI and GI between both groups.

Conclusion:
Oxygen-releasing gel, as an adjunct to SRP, is beneficial compared to scaling and root planning alone in chronic periodontitis.
Comparative Evaluation of Elemental and Surface Changes of Retrieved Titanium and Stainless Steel Orthodontic Miniscrew: An in vivo Study
Authors: Bendre Aditi , Bhosale Veera , Bapat Shrushti , Swarnkar Shivangini , Swami Vinit , Shinde Siddharth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
The aim of this study was to perform surface and elemental analysis of used titanium and stainless steel miniscrews to investigate their behavior while in association with bone, surrounding tissues, oral fluid, and food.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen patients were included in this split-mouth study, where in mini-implants were placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar: titanium mini-implants on the left side and stainless steel mini-implants on the right side. They were placed in the mouth for 4–8 months. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the elemental analysis of the retrieved mini-implants and a scanning electron microscope was used to detect the surface changes in the retrieved mini-implants in four areas, namely head, neck, body, and tip. Surface changes and elemental changes were compared between the as-received mini implants and the retrieved mini implants. Surface changes in the form of cracks, craters, deposits, and blunting were observed on the used miniscrews.

Results:
Craters and blunting were seen predominantly in the tip region of the miniscrews, whereas deposits were noted on the head-and-neck region as well. Elemental analysis showed that oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and calcium were found in significant amount on the retrieved titanium implants, whereas only oxygen and carbon content increase was seen on the retrieved stainless steel implants. The presence of calcium on the retrieved titanium implants could be the reason for its better stability compared to stainless steel implants due to its ability to osseointegrate.

Conclusion:
Surface changes in the form of dullness. loss of gloss, blunting and crater formation were observed, while elemental changes in the form of statistically significant increase in the oxygen, nitrogen , carbon and calcium content were observed on the retrieved mini-implants.
Incidence of dry eye in post-operative cataract patient
Authors: Ravi Alka , Singh Uma Shankar , Kumari Archana , Roy Pummy 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To estimate the incidence of dry eye in post-operative patient undergoing cataract surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Schirmer’s test, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and lissamine green staining of the cornea and conjunctiva for the evaluation of dry eye preoperatively and again at first and second follow-up examinations at 1 week and 1 month after cataract surgery were performed on 100 patients with senile cataract.

Results:
The patients were 61.25 years old on average, and 71 (71%) of them were men. According to the requirements of our study, none of the patients experienced dry eyes at the time of participation. Schirmer’s test results during the first and second follow-ups, respectively, varied from 12-35 mm and 8-24 mm postoperatively. At the first and second follow-ups, the mean TBUT was 13.12 ± 2.44 and 9.61 ± 2.22 seconds, respectively, whereas the lissamine green staining score was 3 in 66 (66%) and 1 in 62 (62%) patients, respectively. At the initial follow-up, grade 2 dry eye was discovered in 89% of the 56 patients who received phacoemulsification (p 0.001) and in 92% of the 66 patients who underwent small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) (p 0.001). At the second follow-up, 83% of patients who had SICS and 93% of those who had phacoemulsification had grade 0 dry eyes, respectively (p 0.001).

Conclusion:
The incidence of dry eye following cataract surgery was significant and largely unrelated to demographic and anthropometric characteristics, surgical technique, length of microscope exposure, and energy input. This dryness was only temporary in character and exhibited a downward trend, with a tendency to return to normal by the end of 1 month.
Comparative study of postoperative astigmatism in temporal scleral incision phacoemulsification versus temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification
Authors: Kusagur Shivayogi R. , Manjunath B.H , Nayak Poolan V. 
Published: December 2024

Context:
Various modifications in cataract surgery have been tried to reduce postoperative astigmatism. Incision length and location are some variable modulations. In this view, we are comparing the astigmatism following scleral incision and clear corneal incision in phacoemulsification surgery with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation.

Aims:
To compare postoperative astigmatism after temporal scleral incision phacoemulsification and temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification.

Settings and Design:
Nonrandomized Prospective Interventional Comparative hospital-based study.

Methods and Materials:
In 50 eyes, temporal scleral incision phacoemulsification is performed, and in 50 eyes, temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification is performed. The patients were examined on the 1st, 7th, and 30th postoperative days, and surgically induced astigmatism was calculated.

Results:
Mean surgically induced astigmatism in the temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification group Mean surgically induced astigmatism is 0.98 ± 0.39 on 1st postoperative day, 0.71 ± 26 after 1st postoperative week, and 0.68 ± 26 after postoperative 1 month. In the temporal scleral incision phacoemulsification group is 0.81 ± 0.24 on 1st postoperative day, 0.610 ± 0.16 after 1st postoperative week, and 0.55 ± 0.16 after postoperative 1 month.

Conclusions:
In this study, at any particular time temporal scleral incision group has less astigmatism compared to temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification group. Hence it can be stated that temporal scleral incision induces lesser astigmatism as compared to temporal clear corneal incision phacoemulsification.
Prevalence of amblyopia among adult population and their various impacts on life: An experience over a period of eight months
Authors: Das Sujit , Shergill Sukhdayal S. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Amblyopia is due to insufficient development of the visual system in early childhood and affects 1% and 2% population of most developed countries.

Aims and Objective:
(1) Prevalence of amblyopia among adult population attending our hospital. (2) Effect of amblyopia on their academic performance, social life, and on future establishment. (3) Its determinants in a population.

Methods:
This is a prospective, single-center, hospital-based study, where adults between 18 and 60 years were included. A history of ocular trauma, known case of amblyopia, and past ocular surgery were excluded from the study. In this study, amblyopia was defined as best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or less or 2-line acuity differences with no pathology.

Results:
Of the total 2880 adults screened, 280 were diagnosed to have amblyopia with a prevalence of 1.75%. Amblyopia was more common among the males (51.1%, N = 143) as compared to females. A maximum number of patients were found in the age group of 20–30. Refractive amblyopia was found to be the most common cause of amblyopia. There was a family history of amblyopia only in 0.7% (N = 2) of cases.

Conclusion:
Awareness of amblyopia among the parents is essential for early detection and treatment of the disease, which will, in turn, reduce the burden of childhood visual impairment.
Ocular manifestation of systemic tuberculosis in children at tertiary pediatric hospital in North India
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Kumar Amit , Dhingra Dhulika , Sati Hem 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Tubnerculosis is Characterised by the presence of granuloma formation. The mode of spread of pulmonary tuberculosis is via airborne aerosol. This bacteria enters the lungs and leads to latent infection in susceptible hosts. Diagnosis is mostly presumptive in ocular tuberculosis. There is lack of uniform diagnostic criteria. Despite of vast developments in diagnostic tools, evidence of systemic tuberculosis disease along with suggestive clinical ocular findings is considered the major diagnostic criterion for ocular tuberculosis.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate ocular findings in diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children.

Methods:
The study included children with various type of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. All these children referred to ophthalmology department to rule out ocular manifestations were evaluated on the basis of visual acuity, anterior segment and dilated posterior segment examination.

Results:
A total of 90 children were diagnosed with tuberculosis, of whom 30 (33.3%) were male and 60 (66.7%) were female, The mean age of presentation is 4±7 years. 30 (33.7 %) were a diagnosed case of pulmonary kochs, 52 (58.4 %) had tubercular meningitis (TBM), remaining 7 (7.8%) had other extrapulmonary kochs. The most common anterior segment finding was lateral rectus palsy in 14 (15.5%) children, the most common posterior segment finding was papilledema in 20 (22.2%) children.

Conclusion:
Tuberculosis is one of those pandemic in the world that can affect each and every organ of the body. A timely diagnosis of ocular findings can prevent these children from permanent ocular morbidity and blindness.
Atherosclerotic plaque and diastolic dysfunction in a patient with partially empty sella syndrome
Authors: Singh Ishita , Arora Shashwat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Preclinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD) involves impaired diastolic function with preserved systolic function and no heart failure symptoms. It is often diagnosed through echocardiographic parameters. Atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension further increase cardiovascular risk in these patients. Concurrently, empty sella syndrome (ESS), characterized by herniation of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, can affect endocrine function and present as part of systemic pathologies. This report describes the interplay of PDD, atherosclerosis, and partial ESS in an elderly patient.
The role of informed consent in dental practice: A comprehensive review
Authors: Pandit Supurna , Pradhan Sanchit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Informed consent is a critical element in a dental practice that upholds patient autonomy and fosters ethical and effective treatment. This review article explores the multifaceted role of informed consent in dentistry, examining its legal, ethical, and practical implications. It discusses the components of the informed consent process, its impact on patient care, and the challenges faced by dental practitioners in implementing this practice. The review also highlights best practices and recommendations to enhance the informed consent process in dental settings.
Complexity, advances, adaptation, and shaping the future of medical ethics
Authors: Sivasamy Sivabalan , Patel Vikash Singh , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan , Batra Jyoti 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Medical ethics (ME) has become a fundamental component of medical curricula in many countries, including India, highlighting the need for its continuous evaluation and improvement. This review explores the complexity, advances, adaptation, and future shaping of ME in the context of contemporary challenges in healthcare education and practice. A primary concern is the growing demand for structured ethical training in medical education, aimed at fostering the moral development of medical students and promoting ethical behavior in future healthcare professionals. Despite increased awareness of ethical issues, gender disparities in ethical decision-making continue to persist, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. The review also examines the occurrence of unethical practices in medical settings, particularly in research and patient care. Emphasis is placed on the critical role of professional ethics in preventing unethical conduct and promoting accountability. Additionally, the review discusses the evolving legal landscape, with particular focus on India’s Consumer Protection Act, aims to safeguard patient rights and hold healthcare providers accountable for negligence and malpractice. The review further explores how ethical interventions in education can shape medical students’ perceptions of professionalism and ethical values. With the rapid pace of technological advancements and global healthcare challenges, continuous adaptation in not only in ME education but also in policy making plays crucial to ensuring the development of responsible and compassionate healthcare professionals.
Leydig cell ovarian tumor: A rare case report
Authors: Makkar Srishti , Singh Swati , Sharma Richa , Mittal Adreena , Jain Mansi , Dixit Alka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Leydig cell ovarian tumors, rare sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors constituting less than 0.5% of all ovarian tumors, pose both medical and social challenges, particularly for women presenting with symptoms of hirsutism. This study examines the histopathological features of a total abdominal hysterectomy specimen, including bilateral tubes and ovaries, from a 43-year-old female with progressive virilization, deepened voice, and hirsutism over six months. Imaging revealed an ovarian lump, prompting surgical intervention. Histopathological examination of the right ovarian section revealed tumor cells arranged in sheets, nests, and clusters, characterized by polygonal shapes, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, uniform round nuclei, and prominent nucleoli, along with occasional binucleated and multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Calretinin and Inhibin A was advised, confirming features suggestive of a Leydig cell tumor. The remaining endometrial tissue appeared normal. This case underscores the importance of considering hormonally active ovarian tumors, along with adrenal cancers, in diagnosing postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Timely diagnosis and treatment through a multidisciplinary approach can lead to significant symptom improvement, as observed in this patient following tumor removal.
Antibacterial coating for orthodontic materials
Authors: Dabas Harshita , Ahluwalia Rajiv , Chugh Tina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of antibacterial coatings to prevent biofilm formation. Innovative surface modification techniques such as silica coating have been shown to effectively reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles while maintaining their antimicrobial effects. This has significant implications for the biocompatibility of antimicrobial nanoparticles in various applications, including antimicrobial surfaces and additives in food products. Traditional materials such as titanium oxide, silver and silver compounds, zinc and zinc compounds, zirconium and zirconium compounds, and gold and gold compounds with continuous advancements in antibacterial coating technologies, it is imperative to achieve long-term activity to ensure the efficacy of these coatings in clinical practice. This necessitates addressing specific material characteristics, coating architecture, and surface coverage to improve the long-term activity of antibacterial coatings.
Emergency management of sub-mental cellulitis (potential Ludwig’s angina)
Authors: Arora Shashwat , Singh Ishita 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
One of the most uncommon and life-threatening cellulitis of the floor of the mouth and neck is Ludwig angina. It involves the compartments of floor of the mouth, namely sublingual, sub-mental, and submandibular. Deep neck infections are usually dangerous because they have tendency to cause edema, distortion, and obstruction of airway. The cases of severe cellulitis maybe mixed with Ludwig’s angina as the case here. Proper administration of antibiotics and proper airway management should be the initial protocol for treatment.
A Conceptual Model for Revitalizing Shenyang’s Cultural Heritage: Enhancing Customer Engagement via Social Media Branding
Authors: Yang Zhaoming , Wardi Rainal Hidayat 
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a conceptual framework focused on reviving cultural heritage using social media branding strategies. Based on the case study of Shenyang, China, it focuses on how traditional cultural practices can best handle the challenges facing dealing with the shifting world of the internet. As we operate in the fast-moving digital world, it is increasingly more challenging for traditional cultural practices to move in pace with digital evolution. According to social networks, a gap exists between preserving cultural values and adapting a customer's modern behavior. This paper presents a framework for cultural preservation, digital marketing, and consumer participation. This paper stresses that social media can be viewed as a cultural heritage promotion enabler while engaging consumers in this framework. Core features include the digitalization of critical cultural elements, the development of cultural heritage-related online communities through social media, the increase of interaction of people with culturally created content, and so on. This framework offers a path to renewing the cultural landscape by incorporating digital strategies. It also acknowledges challenges like potential commodification and loss of authenticity. The insights will benefit policymakers, cultural institutions, and businesses while guiding further empirical research on social media’s role in cultural preservation.