bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-Production in Local Public Service Delivery: The Case of Waste Management
Authors: Di Liddo Giuseppe , Vinella Annalisa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In a simple model of waste management, we analyse the basic aspects of co-production in local public service delivery. Our results suggest that citizen involvement may lead to an expansion of the production possibility frontier, if waste sorting is made sufficiently convenient, relative to work, through an appropriate tax policy. However, by diverting time away from work, this policy may trigger a tax base erosion phenomenon. We find that the incentive power of the tax should be high (low) when local preferences for the service are very high (low) relative to local incomes. In the intermediate situation, two cases arise. First, when preferences are (not very) low relative to incomes, taxation should pursue resource collection purposes and be deprived of its incentive effects. Second, when preferences are middle-to-high relative to incomes, the trade-off between incentive provision and tax base erosion causes the optimal tax rate to first increase, then decrease.
La voix et la lettre dans les romans arthuriens de la seconde moitié du XIIe siècle
Authors: James-Raoul Danièle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The perplexing question of the interrelations between hearing and sight looms large in the verse novel of the second half of the twelfth century, a newly promoted genre of literary fiction, no longer sung but written and intended for public reading in small circles, it seems, permanently shaped by the written word, yet brought to life by a fleeting voice. In what is commonly and sometimes abusively referred to as the Arthurian romance in verse of the second half of the twelfth century – the Arthurian part of Wace’s romance of Brut (in fact, a text between the chronicle and the romance in terms of style), the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, the romances of Tristan by Thomas and Béroul – the ‘soundtrack’ of the Arthurian literary world is poor: the human voice in particular, the sole focus of my study, is rarely mentioned, while discourse proliferates. For multiple reasons, above all because it is an acoustic phenomenon of physiological origin which is linked to breathing, the voice, as an undeniable vital force, seems to be stifled: this is what will be examined to start with. The paradoxes haunting the voice need to be addressed and assessed. In fact, it is as if vocality gave way to a rustle of words, both those of the characters and those of the narrative instances. A second step of the analysis will therefore consider how orality, patently obvious as it is, tends to mask the vocality of the text to draw attention to itself: if the voice, in its materiality, appears neglected, it is because it is henceforth subsumed under the spoken word. Yet, the voice is most saliently causing distinct stylistic traits or modes of writing which animate the jongleresque performance. The latter is having its heyday, since, at the turn of the thirteenth century, prose and the advent of silent reading would soon bring about a substantial change in the production and reception of fictional literary works: a third and last point will deal with how, until the book is to enjoy the prestige that the voice once possessed, the letter will not be that irreducibly separated from the very voice from which it originates. Far from being independent from each other, voice and letter converge in the same collaboration, that of the reading experience that allows us, to this day, to make these texts our own.
“Black Lives Matter” in education and society
Authors: Obiakor Festus E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Black people all over the world have historically endured slavery, colonialism, racism, prejudice, and discriminatory actions; and they continue to be disenfranchised, disadvantaged, disillusioned, and demeaned by institutions and systems. Of late, Black people in the United States, especially Black males have been encountering blatant police harassments, brutalities, shootings, and killings. These actions have led to the question, “Do Black lives matter?” Of course, they do! It is no surprise that an organization, “Black Lives Matter” was formed to protest the incessant shootings and killings of Blacks in the United States. Then, if “Black Lives Matter” as I know they do, they must matter in education and society. This is the focus of the article.
Waiting for Act 2: what lies beyond organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays for organic electronics?
Authors: Forrest Stephen R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are now poised to be the dominant mobile display technology and are at the heart of the most attractive televisions and electronic tablets on the market today. But this begs the question: what is the next big opportunity that will be addressed by organic electronics? We attempt to answer this question based on the unique attributes of organic electronic devices: their efficient optical absorption and emission properties, their ability to be deposited on ultrathin foldable, moldable and bendable substrates, the diversity of function due to the limitless palette of organic materials and the low environmental impact of the materials and their means of fabrication. With these unique qualities, organic electronics presents opportunities that range from lighting to solar cells to medical sensing. In this paper, we consider the transformative changes to electronic and photonic technologies that might yet be realized using these unconventional, soft semiconductor thin films.
Benveniste-Agamben: proposição de uma epistemologia do encontro
Authors: Silva Silvana 
Published: August 2020

Este ensaio busca compreender o recurso que o filósofo Giorgio Agamben faz ao pensamento do linguista Émile Benveniste, no texto O arquivo e o testemunho (2008). Utilizamos da metáfora do ‘encontro’ tal como entendida por Normand (2009) bem como por Todorov (1987), e escandida em três momentos, a saber, encontrar, apropriar e gostar. Dividimos o texto de Agamben nesses três momentos, observando a tentativa do filósofo de se aproximar e se apropriar do pensamento benvenistiano. Além disso, relacionamos o pensamento do filósofo a um ressurgimento da valorização da filosofia italiana na contemporaneidade (ESPOSITO, 2016). Nossa principal reflexão é a de que o filósofo Agamben vê em Benveniste a concepção de um pensamento afirmativo (ESPOSITO, 2016) sobre a natureza da linguagem e da vida do homem na língua. Concluímos ainda que as relações entre filosofia e linguística podem constituir interdisciplinaridade com base em uma epistemologia do encontro.
La filosofía realista y naturalista de John Dewey: contribuciones para una epistemología en la actualidad
Authors: Magalaes do Nascimento Edna María 
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo analiza la epistemología realista y naturalista de John Dewey, para discutir su contribución para la epistemología en la actualidad. El eje de esta investigación consiste en articular los conceptos, experiencia y naturaleza de la epistemología de John Dewey a las contribuciones de autores contemporáneos. Al final, se pretende demostrar que el realismo de Dewey, por caracterizarse como naturalista, aporta contribuciones importantes para la epistemología actual cuando ésta es colocada en una vertiente contraria al objetivismo, pero sin prescindir de la ciencia. Al oponerse a la epistemología clásica, Dewey no pretende apartarse totalmente de esta área de la filosofía, sino que postular un nuevo modelo teórico en el que el conocimiento pueda ser comprendido como mediado por relaciones naturales, causales, cognitivas y culturales. Se revelará que esta perspectiva se anticipa a las vertientes actuales del conocimiento cuya explicación pasa por la noción de complejidad y holismo.
A Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly for the Fusarium oxysporum Strain Fo5176 To Establish a Model Arabidopsis-Fungal Pathosystem
Authors: Fokkens Like , Guo Li , Dora Susanne , Wang Bo , Ye Kai , Sánchez-Rodríguez Clara , Croll Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plant pathogens cause widespread yield losses in agriculture. Understanding the drivers of plant-pathogen interactions requires decoding the molecular dialog leading to either resistance or disease. However, progress in deciphering pathogenicity genes has been severely hampered by suitable model systems and incomplete fungal genome assemblies. Here, we report a significant improvement of the assembly and annotation of the genome of the Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) strain Fo5176. Fo comprises a large number of serious plant pathogens on dozens of plant species with largely unresolved pathogenicity factors. The strain Fo5176 infects Arabidopsis thaliana and, hence, constitutes a highly promising model system. We use high-coverage Pacific Biosciences Sequel long-read and Hi-C sequencing data to assemble the genome into 19 chromosomes and a total genome size of 67.98 Mb. The genome has a N50 of 4 Mb and a 99.1% complete BUSCO score. Phylogenomic analyses based on single-copy orthologs clearly place the Fo5176 strain in the Fo f sp. conglutinans clade as expected. We generated RNAseq data from culture medium and plant infections to train gene predictions and identified ∼18,000 genes including ten effector genes known from other Fo clades. We show that Fo5176 is able to infect cabbage and Brussel sprouts of the Brassica oleracea, expanding the usefulness of the Fo5176 model pathosystem. Finally, we performed large-scale comparative genomics analyses comparing the Fo5176 to 103 additional Fo genomes to define core and accessory genomic regions. In conjunction with the molecular tool sets available for A. thaliana, the Fo5176 genome and annotation provides a crucial step toward the establishment of a highly promising pathosystem.
Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Howarth Claire , Banerjee Jayanta , Leung Terence , Eaton Simon , Morris Joan K , Aladangady Narendra 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are known to have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes, but there is no substantial evidence to support an underlying pathophysiology. We aimed to examine whether cerebral oxygenation differs in those infants who develop NEC compared to cerebral oxygenation in those who do not.

METHODS:
We examined 48 infants &lt;30 weeks’ gestation admitted to a tertiary level NICU from October 2016 to May 2018. Infants with birth weight less than or equal to the second percentile, abnormal antenatal dopplers or twin-to-twin-transfusion-syndrome were excluded. Cerebral oximetry measurements were performed by using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitor weekly for 60 minutes, allowing measurement of cerebral tissue oxygenation index from the first week of life to 36 weeks postconceptional age. Weekly clinical status was also recorded. NEC was defined as greater than or equal to Bell stage 2.

RESULTS:
The median birth weight was 884 g (range of 460–1600 g), the median weeks’ gestational age was 26 + 3/7 (23 + 0/7 to 29 + 6/7), and 52% were girls. In total, 276 NIRS measurements were completed, and 7 infants developed NEC. NIRS measurements from 1 infant with NEC and 4 infants without NEC who developed hemorrhagic parenchymal infarcts were excluded from analysis. Infants who developed NEC had significantly lower cerebral tissue oxygenation index than those who did not (P = .011), even when adjusted for confounders, including gestational age, birth weight, patent ductus arteriosus, enteral feeds, sex, ethnicity, and hemoglobin.

CONCLUSIONS:
Infants with NEC have significantly lower cerebral tissue oxygenation throughout their neonatal intensive care stay in comparison with those who did not develop NEC. This is a novel finding and could explain their worse neurodevelopmental outcome.
O velho oeste transforma-se num celeiro agrícola: imprensa, colonização e historicidade entre refugiados da Segunda Guerra no Brasil (Guarapuava/PR)
Authors: Stein Marcos Nestor , Olinto Beatriz Anselmo 
Published: August 2020

O artigo enfoca narrativas publicadas em 1991 e 1992 pelo Jornal de Entre Rios em comemoração aos 40 anos de fundação do distrito de mesmo nome no município de Guarapuava, região centro-sul do Paraná. A localidade de Entre Rios foi fundada entre março de 1951 e janeiro de 1952, com a fixação de cerca de 2.500 imigrantes refugiados da Segunda Guerra Mundial, oriundos de áreas da antiga Iugoslávia, Hungria e Romênia, que se identificam coletivamente como suábios do Danúbio e estavam exilados desde 1944 na Áustria. O recorte proposto pelo presente artigo é analisar as formas como diferentes eventos são narrados pelo referido Jornal, articulando-os a diferentes temporalidades. Serão analisadas as discursividades que envolvem essas narrativas sobre o passado do grupo da Europa, sobre os primeiros anos no Brasil, o presente da comunidade e as suas expectativas de futuro, destacando-se as formas de ligação dessas temporalidades com noções de historicidade e de desenvolvimento agrícola.
Effect of gigantomastia on School attendance
Authors: Mzezewa Salathiel Zhou , Mzezewa Salathiel 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. We have been seeing a number of juvenile/teenage girls presenting to our out patient department with gigantomastia/large breasts. These school going girls had not been attending school due to the large breasts and taunting by school mates as well as scrutiny by the public.
Aims and Objectives.
To do Reduction Mammoplasty.
To do histological investigation.
To encourage these teenage girls to go back to school.
Materials and Methods.
Nine juvenile/teenage girls aged between 11 and 16 years were prospectively enrolled for this study from 2016 to 2020. Eight had reduction mammaplasty and one had sub cutaneous mastectomy with free nipple graft. The specimens were weighed and sent for histology.
Results. Nine juvenile/teenage girls were included. The age range was 11- 16 years and the weight range was 27-33 Kg. Loss of school attendance time was 3 months to 2 years. Median weight of excised breast tissue was 2.5(1.2 – 5 kg.
Histology. Normal breast = 6, Fibroadenosis = 3.
Conclusion.
Gigantomastia affected school attendance by as much as two years.
Reduction mammoplasty was our treatment of choice.
Taunting and lack of fitting clothes affected self-esteem of these patients.
The juvenile girls have now returned back to school.
Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde varis sıklığının ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: VAROL Zeynep Sedef , DAVAS Hediye Aslı , ÇİÇEKLİOĞLU Meltem , TÜRK Meral 
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (EÜTF) hemşirelerinin Çalışan Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Birimi’nde (ÇASAGÜB) yapılan periyodik muayenelerinde tespit edilen varis sıklığını ve ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak planlanan araştırma EÜTF’de ÇASAGÜB’ün 2015 yılında periyodik muayene yaptığı 1056 hemşirenin kayıtları ile yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ÇASAGÜB’ün periyodik muayene formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Tüm hemşirelerde varis sıklığı %37.3’tür. Kadın hemşirelerde erkek hemşirelere göre varis sıklığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Tek değişkenli analizlerde varis sıklığı kadrolu çalışanlarda, cerrahi birimlerde, aylık çalışma saati 160 üstü olanlarda, vardiyalı çalışanlarda, hafta sonu, gece ve icap nöbeti olanlarda anlamlı olarak yüksek saptanmıştır. Çok değişkenli analizlerde aylık çalışma saati 160 üstü olanlarda varis görülme ihtimali, 160 ve altı saat çalışanlara göre 1.65 kat, icap nöbeti ve hafta sonu nöbeti tutanlarda ise 1.81 ve 1.65 kat fazladır. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada çalışma saatlerinin, vardiyalı çalışmanın ve ergonomik koşulların literatürle uyumlu bir şekilde varis riskini arttırdığı gösterilmiştir. Çalışma saatlerinin ve vardiyaların yasal sınırlara göre düzenlenmesi hemşirelerde varis sıklığını azaltacak en önemli önlemlerden biridir.
İkinci basamak bir devlet hastanesinde erişkin bağışıklama ünitesi deneyimi
Authors: AKDEMİR KALKAN İrem , AKGÜL Fethiye , ÇINAR Güle , MEMİKOĞLU Osman , AZAP Alpay 
Published: August 2020

Amaç:
Aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklardan
korunmanın sağlanması toplum sağlığı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Fakat
ülkemizde erişkin bağışıklama konusunda uygulamada önemli eksiklikler
mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada ikinci basamak bir devlet hastanesi olan Batman Bölge
Devlet Hastanesinde kurulan ‘Erişkin Bağışıklama
Ünitesi’nin deneyimleri aktarılmıştır. Yöntem:
Kasım 2017-Şubat 2018 tarihleri
arasındaki 3 aylık süreçte ünitede yapılan Hepatit A, Hepatit B ve konjuge pnömokok
aşıları aşı yapılan kişilerin epidemiyolojik özellikleri, aşı endikasyonları ve
yönlendirildikleri klinikler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Kayıtlarının retrospektif incelemesinde toplamda 85
hastaya aşı yapıldığı saptandı. Bu hastaların %35.3’ü (n=30) kadın olarak
saptandı. Hastaların tümü 16 yaş üzeri idi. Yaş ortalaması 57.6 olarak
saptandı. Yapılan aşıların dağılımına bakıldığında %80 (n=68) hastanın konjuge
pnömokok aşısı ile aşılandığı, %17.6 (n=15) hastaya Hepatit B, %2.4 (n=2) hastaya
ise hepatit A aşısı uygulandığı görüldü.Aşılama endikasyonlarına bakıldığında
%5.9 (n=5) hasta 65 yaş üstü olması nedeni ile, %36.5 (n=31)hasta böbrek
yetmezliği nedeni ile, %1.2 (n=1) hasta romatolojik tedavi adayı olması nedeni
ile, %8.2 (n=7) birey evde riskli temaslı birey-tümü Hepatit B açısından-
olması nedeni ile, %4.7 (n=4) birey ise sağlık personeli olduğu için
aşılanırken, %42.4 (n=36) birey ise başta KOAH olmak üzere altta yatan akciğer
hastalıkları nedeni ile aşılanmış olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Erişkin Bağışıklama Merkezleri’
ikinci ve üçüncü basamak sağlık hizmeti veren tüm kurumlar için gereklidir.
Özellikle başvuran hasta sayısının çok ve hasta grubunun da çeşitli olduğu
hastaneler aslında aşı gereksinimi olan hasta popülasyonun da fazla olduğu
hastanelerdir. Aşılanma oranlarını gerekli seviyeye ulaştırabilmek için
hastaneler bünyesinde bu merkezlerin aktif olarak çalışmalıdır.
İlköğretim Birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde diş çürüğü sıklığı ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: BUĞDAYCI Resul , ŞAŞMAZ Tayyar , ULUDOĞAN Cenk , KURT Ahmet Öner , ÖNER Seva , YAPICI Gülçin , GÖKÇE Hüseyin , ÇOMU Fatih 
Published: August 2020

Amaç: İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde, diş çürükleri ve diş çürüğü ile
ilişkili bazı etmenlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın verileri
Mersin’in Toroslar ilçesinde 2008-2012 yılında yürütülen “Güçlü Dişler”
projesinden alındı. Çalışmaya 41
ilkokulun birinci sınıfında okuyan 4323
öğrencinin 4010’unun verileri dâhil edildi. Öğrenciye ait sosyodemografik
özellikler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle özetlendi. Diş çürüğü ile ilişkili
olabilecek değişkenlerin araştırılmasında ki-kare, t-test, Linear by linear
association ve lojistik regresyon testleri kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık
düzeyi α≤0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 4010 ilköğretim 1.sınıf öğrencisinin %79.5’i yedi yaşında ve
%51.9’u erkekti. Öğrencilerden %48.4’ü daha önce hiç diş hekimine gitmemişti.
Öğrencilerde; ortalama çürük diş sayısı süt dişlerinde 4.4±3.6 (dmf=4.49±3.6),
kalıcı dişlerde 0.4±0.9 (DMF=0.42±1.0), toplam çürük sayısı ise ortalama 4.9
(±3.5)’ti. Süt dişi çürüğü prevalansı erkeklerde (%85.8) kızlara (%82.8) göre
daha fazla (p&lt;0.05), kalıcı diş çürüğü prevalansı ise kızlarda (%20.6)
erkeklere (%17.6) göre daha fazlaydı (p&lt;0.05). Öğrencilerin %25.6’sında en
az bir süt dişi kaybı, %1’inde en az bir kalıcı diş kaybı bulunmaktaydı. Binary logistik regresyon analizi ile
anne eğitiminin yetersiz olmasının 1.84 (CI 1.27-2.67) kat, baba eğitiminin
yetersiz olmasının 1.47 (CI 1.13-1.92)
kat, çocuğun her gün şeker yemesinin 1.58 (CI 1.18-2.12) kat diş çürüğü olma
olasılığını artırdığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Diş fırçalama alışkanlığının,
okul öncesi dönemde kazandırılması gerektiği, ulusal bir politika olarak kabul
edilmelidir. Okullarda velilerin, yapılacak ağız diş sağlığı koruma
programlarına dâhil edilmesi, okul kantinindeki şekerli yiyeceklerin ve
içeceklerin de kontrol altına alınması önerilir.
Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Ekhtiari Seper , Gormley Jessica , Axelrod Daniel E. , Devji Tahira , Bhandari Mohit , Guyatt Gordon H. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Hip fractures are a leading cause of disability worldwide, with displaced femoral neck fractures being of particular concern. A recent meta-analysis reported that total hip arthroplasty (THA) was superior to hemiarthroplasty (HA) in terms of reoperations, but inferior in terms of dislocations. However, publication of 4 additional randomized controlled trials that enrolled nearly 1,780 additional patients merits an updated meta-analysis.

Methods:
We conducted a literature search of 4 databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing THA and HA in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. For patient-reported outcomes, the minimally important difference informed calculation of risk differences. We performed a subgroup analysis to address the possible impact of risk of bias and performed meta-regression to assess the possible impact of duration of follow-up.

Results:
Sixteen studies that enrolled 3,084 patients randomized to undergo THA (n = 1,521) or HA (n = 1,563) proved eligible. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the revision rate at up to 5 years of follow-up or functional outcome at up to 3 years. Health-related quality of life was superior in the THA group (mean difference [MD] = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02 to 0.07, minimally important difference, 0.145). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of dislocation or periprosthetic fracture incidence. Operative time was significantly shorter in the HA group (MD = 22 minutes, 95% CI = 9 to 35 minutes). Analyses addressing risk of bias and length of follow-up did not reveal subgroup differences. Certainty of evidence for all outcomes was rated as moderate.

Conclusions:
The best evidence showed, with moderate certainty, that HA and THA likely result in similar revision rate, function, mortality, periprosthetic fracture, and dislocation at up to 5 years, with a small, possibly unimportant benefit in health-related quality of life with THA. More specifically, the improvements are well below established cutoffs for clinical importance. Almost half of all patients were from a single large randomized controlled trial, although the results were consistent across the studies. In addition, HA likely results in a clinically unimportant reduction in operative time.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.