bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Quantitative assessment of middle deltoid elasticity during different shoulder abduction using shear wave elastography: A preliminary study
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiang Xi , Zhu Bihui , Qiu Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To measure the middle deltoid (MD) elasticity in healthy participants during different shoulder abduction (with bilateral shoulder in 0 degree abduction and 90 degree active abduction) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and analyze the factors that may affect the MD elasticity, and the objective of this study is to establish the reference ranges of normal MD elasticity during different shoulder abduction by using SWE. Methods: Mean shear wave velocity (SWV) of the MD in 70 healthy right-handed participants (35 females, 35 males) were evaluated using SWE during different shoulder abduction, and potential factors that may affect MD elasticity including gender, MD thickness, age, body mass index were analyzed. Different shoulder abduction positions of each participant were as follows: (i) 0° abduction of bilateral shoulder (L0° and R0°), (ii) 90° active abduction of bilateral shoulder (L90° and R90°). Reference ranges of normal MD elasticity were calculated using normal distribution method. Results: Mean SWV was significantly higher at L90° than L0°, higher at R90° than R0°, higher at R0° than L0°, and higher at R90° than L90° (all p< 0.0001). Mean SWV was significantly higher in males at both L0° (p< 0.05) and R0° (p< 0.01) than in females. Neither MD thickness, age nor body mass index influenced MD elasticity. Normal reference ranges of the MD elasticity were 2.4-3.1 m/s in males and 2.2-2.9 m/s in females at L0° and 2.5-3.3 m/s in males and 2.4-3.2 m/s in females at R0°, and were 4.9-6.7 m/s at L90°, 5.2-7.1 m/s at R90° for both males and females. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° with SWE are different. A separate reference range of normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° should be used. Moreover, the reference ranges of normal MD elasticity at L0° and R0° shoulder be divided by gender. These values may serve as quantitative baseline measurements for assessment of normal MD elasticity.
Epidemiological scenario of leprosy in a province in China: long delay in diagnosis and high rate of deformity.
Authors: Li Ge , Zhang Qing-Ping , Lin Zhao-Xing , Chen Ping , Li Chao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This ecological study aimed to analyze both the distribution and the characteristics of leprosy in an endemic province in the Chinese Northwest. Methods: The medical records of leprosy in the province of Shaanxi, China, 1998-2018 were collected from the leprosy management information system in China (LEPMIS). Epidemiological variables were analyzed in this study. Results: 477 new cases were diagnosed between 1998-2018 in this area. The average rate of annual detection was 0.070/100,000 population, and the average annual prevalence was 0.305/100,000 population. The mean age of new patients was 46.7 years, and the ratio of male to female was 2.5:1. There were 399 cases (83.6%) of multibacillary (MB) forms. 148 cases (31.0%) had grade 2 disability. The mean delay in diagnosis for new cases was 62.0 months. Conclusion: The epidemiological study showed that the characteristics of the new leprosy cases in our province were still long delay in diagnosis and high rate of deformity, which indicated the need of actions of stimulating early diagnosis and treatment, and strengthening the detection of leprosy in low prevalent areas.
Negative histology in cervical specimens obtained with the “see and treat” method in women at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Teodoro Renata Pereira , Scherrer Danielle , Camargo Maria José de , Costa Ana , Andrade Cecília Vianna de , RUSSOMANO FABIO BASTOS 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction, and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit (“see and treat – S&T”). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. The objectives of this study were to identify the overtreatment rate in women undergoing S&T in cervical cancer prevention at a referral center with extensive experience with the method and to detect possible factors associated with this rate.. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: human papillomavirus (HPV) without Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and CIN 1. Results: Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44% - 95%CI 6.25 – 10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and age or a significant downward trend over time.Conclusion: The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.
Determinants of Food Safety Knowledge among University Students in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ullah Azmat , Ahmad Waqas , Saeed Farhan , Sohaib Muhammad , Shahbaz Hafiz Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Anjum Faqir M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Foodborne diseases are among the most serious public health problems and young adults are an important target group as they often engage in risky food handling practices. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of food safety knowledge and its determinants among Pakistani university students.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students during the academic year 2018-2019. A convenient sample of 1417 students completed a structured questionnaire containing forty-four questions on food safety and hygiene.

Results

Overall, participants showed a moderate level of food safety knowledge with a mean percentage score of 62.5±8.4. Students had a good level of knowledge about causes of foodborne diseases (66.3±16.9). However, the lowest level of knowledge was identified in foodborne diseases' symptoms (55.2±14.3). In general, females and participants from health-related degree program scored significantly higher (p<0.01) in all knowledge sections than their counterparts. A significant association was found between the causes of foodborne diseases and postgraduate students being more knowledgeable (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, academic degree program, level of education, and father's education were significant predictors of overall food safety knowledge.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that university students have a moderate knowledge in food safety. Educational interventions and awareness programs are needed to strengthen the existing knowledge.
Proteomic profiling reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with amylose accumulation during rice grain filling
Authors: Zhang Hengdong , Chen Jiana , Shah Shuanglü , Cao Fangbo , Chen Guanghui , Zou Yingbin , Huang Min , Abou-Elwafa Salah Fatouh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAmylose accumulation in rice grains is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Amylose content is a determinant factor of rice quality in terms of cooking and eating. Great variations in amylose content in indica rice cultivars have been observed. The current study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and their relationships to amylose synthesis using two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain amylose content.ResultsSynthesis and accumulation of amylose in rice grains significantly affected the variations between rice cultivars in amylose contents. The high amylose content cultivar has three down-regulated differentially expressed proteins, i.e., LOC_Os01g62420.1, LOC_Os02g36600.1, and LOC_Os08g37380.2 in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, which limit the glycolytic process and decrease the glucose-1-phosphate consumption. In the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, an up-regulated protein, i.e., LOC_Os06g04200.1 and two down-regulated proteins, i.e., LOC_Os05g32710.1 and LOC_Os04g43360.1 were identified (Figure 4). Glucose-1-phosphate is one of the first substrates in starch synthesis and glycolysis that are catalyzed to form adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG), then the ADPG is catalyzed by granule-bound starch synthase Ⅰ (GBSS I) to elongate amylose.ConclusionsThe results indicate that decreasing the consumption of glucose-1-phosphate in the glycolytic process is essential for the formation of ADPG and UDPG, which are substrates for amylose synthesis. In theory, amylose content in rice can be regulated by controlling the fate of glucose-1-phosphate.
Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens
Authors: Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Hajkhodadadi Iman , Hafizi Maryam , Taherpour Kamran , Nazaran Mohammad Hassan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components.Methods: This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-d-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100 % of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively).Results: Diets CTM50 and CTM100 increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and tibia length compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and serum malondialdehyde level and highest EPI, tibia ash, zinc, manganese, and copper contents, and serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus and zinc were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM25 and CTM50 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets, except diet CTM25, exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than those fed the NTM diet, where the best glutathione peroxidase activity was found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve growth performance, bone mineralization and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.
Application of Intelligent Orienteering Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Liu Ruijie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Orienteering has gradually changed from a professional sport to a civilian sport. Especially in recent years, orienteering has been widely popularized. Many colleges and universities in China have also set up this course. With the improvement of people's living conditions, orienteering has really become a leisure sport in modern people's life. The reduced difficulty of sports enables more people to participate, but it also exposes a series of problems. As the existing positioning technology is relatively backward, the progress in personnel tracking, emergency services and other aspects is slow. To solve these problems, a new intelligent Orienteering application system is developed based on the Internet of things. ZigBee network architecture is adopted in the system. ZigBee is the mainstream scheme in the current wireless sensor network technology, which has many advantages such as convenient carrying, low power consumption, and signal stability. Due to the complex communication environment in mobile signal, the collected information is processed by signal amplification and signal anti-interference technology. By adding anti-interference devices, video isolators and other devices, the signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. In order to verify the actual effect of this system, through a number of experimental studies including the relationship between error and traffic radius and the relationship between coverage and the number of anchor nodes, the data shows that the scheme studied in this paper has a greater improvement in comprehensive performance than the traditional scheme, significantly improving the accuracy and coverage. Especially the coverage is close to 100% in the simulation experiment. This research has achieved good results and can be widely used in Orienteering Training and competition.
Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting MMP-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury
Authors: Ying Xinwang , Xie Qingfeng , Li Shengcun , Yu Xiaolan , Zhou Kecheng , Yue Jingjing , Chen Xiaolong , Tu Wenzhan , Yang Guanhu , Jiang Songhe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is mainly determined by the junction complex of adjacent endothelial cells, including tight junction (TJ) and adhesion junction (AJ), which can be severely damaged after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI. The destruction of the BSCB mediated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) leads to inflammation, neurotoxin production, and apoptosis of neurons. The failure of effective regeneration of new blood vessels is also an important reason for the difficulty of recovery after SCI. We introduced water treadmill training (TT) for the first time, which can help SCI rats successfully exercise, and we explored the role of TT in promoting the ability to exercise after SCI and its possible mechanism.Methods: Sprague-Dawley (200–250g) rats were randomly divided into three groups. SCI models were established and rats underwent TT after SCI. Animals were sacrificed 7 d or 14 d post-surgery. The degree of neurological deficit, water content, BSCB permeability, apoptosis, protein expression and ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells (EC) were assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor rating scale, haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Evans blue (EB) staining, TUNEL staining, Western blot (WB) experiments, and immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Our experiments show that TT reduces the permeability of BSCB and decreased tissue structure damage. TT improved functional recovery and it has significant significance when compared with the M group after SCI; TJ and AJ proteins increased significantly after TT training in SCI rats. TT training reduced apoptosis induced by SCI. TT can promote angiogenesis and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly inhabited by TT after SCI.Conclusions: In this study, the results indicate that TT promotes functional recovery partly for the following reasons: (1) TT protects residual BSCB structure from further damage; (2) it promotes vascular regeneration; and (3) it inhibits the expression of MMP-2/9 to mitigate BSCB damage.
The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioural, and physical health of adults: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Currie Cheryl L , Larouche Richard , Voss M. L. , Higa Erin K. , Spiwak Rae , Scott David , Tallow Treena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for eHealth services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counselling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counselling or coaching programs on mental health, health behaviour, or physical health activity among community dwelling adults will be included. We will search the following electronic databases (from January 2005 onwards): MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in mental health conditions (e.g. depression, anxiety, stress, quality-of life), behavioural health conditions (e.g. substance use, smoking, sexual behaviour, eating behaviour, medication adherence), and physical health conditions (e.g. coping with cancer, menopausal symptoms, arthritis pain). Secondary outcomes will be changes in physical activity. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Potential sources of gender bias in included studies will be considered at all stages of the planned review.Discussion: This review will contribute to the literature by providing evidence on the effectiveness of eHealth counselling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).
Serum platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels as a potential biomarker in assessing the metabolic activity of lesions in alveolar echinococcosis patients
Authors: ke ying , Bi Xiaojuan , Yang Ning , Li Xiaohong , Ma Wenmei , Liu Hui , Wang Hui , Li Liang , Li Cheng , Qin Yongde , Aji Tuerganaili , Shao Yingmei , Lü Guodong , Lin Renyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Assessing the metabolic activity of AE lesions is critical to evaluate disease progression and survey treatment options. There is an urgent need to identify more rapid, convenient, and non-invasive clinical detection methods to substitute the current techniques. Herein, we evaluated the viability of platelet-derived growth factor-B B (PDGF-BB) as a biomarker for detecting the metabolic activity of AE patients. Concentration of serum PDGF-BB homodimers (sPDGF-BB) was assessed via ELISA. Correlations of PDGF-BB expression levels with clinicopathological features of AE patients were analyzed using SPSS. Results The concentrations of sPDGF-BB were significantly lower in AE patients (p<0.0001), particularly in High Metabolically Active AE patients (HMAE) patients (p<0.05). The expression levels of PDGF-BB were significantly higher in close liver tissue (CLT) in AE patients (p<0.0001). We found that metabolically active AE and sPDGF-BB are significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.624, p=0.0004). Besides, the local expression levels of PDGF-BB was positively correlated with metabolic activity, PNM stage, and lesion size. Notably, the sPDGF-BB levels were proposed as a potential biomarker for assessing metabolic activity of AE, with 81% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity (95% confidence interval, p = 0.003).
The Effect of High-fat Diet and Exercise on KISS-1/GPR54 Expression in Testis of Growing Rats
Authors: FENG Junpeng , XU Rui , LI Yafei , ZHOU Qishu , SONG Ge , DENG Yimin , YAN Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose

To find the expression of KISS-1 and G protein-coupled receptor 54 in rats testis from PND 21st to 56th.

Method

128 three-week-old weaned rats underwent high-fat diet and exercise (60%–70% VO2max, 1 h/day, 5 days/week) intervention and were randomly divided into group C, CE, HC, or HE. Sample time points were set on the PND 21st, 35th, 43rd, and 56th. The testicular testosterone and the mRNA content, and protein content of KISS-1 and GPR54 in testis tissue were detected by ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting.

Result

(1) The protein of KISS-1 and GPR54 increased gradually during the growing period. KISS-1 mRNA peaked at 35D and GPR54 peaked at 43D. (2) High-fat diet affected the expression of the KISS-1/GPR54 system in rat testis and reduced the expression level of KISS-1 protein. (3) 60%–70% VO2max exercise decreased the KISS-1/GPR54 expression level. Exercise intervention improved testicular development in rats with a high-fat diet.

Conclusion

The expression of KISS-1/GPR54 increased during the growing period. High-fat diet can downregulate the protein and gene expression of KISS-1/GPR54 and change the expression trend. 60%–70% VO2max exercise decreased the expression of KISS-1/GPR54, which may be involved in the effects of exercise on high-fat dietary sex hormone disorders.
Comparative mapping and correlation analysis revealed differentiation in the genetic basis of stem trichome development between cultivated tetraploid cotton species
Authors: Yuan Rong , Cao Yuefen , Li Tengyu , Yang Feng , Yu Li , Qin Yuan , Du Xiongming , Liu Fang , Ding Mingquan , Jiang Yurong , Zhang Hua , Paterson Andrew H. , Rong Junkang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism . Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh ) and G . barbadense ( Gb ) were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore. Gh varieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, while Gb varieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2 populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr.06 and Chr.24. The twenty six F1 generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion of Gh wild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion of Gb primitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in both Gh and Gb primitive accessions and modern varieties.Conclusion: Based on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.