bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder in train crash survivors in Italy: the role of mood spectrum dysregulations and intrusiveness
Authors: Miniati Mario , Palagini Laura , Caruso Danila , Mauri Mauro , Marazziti Donatella , Dell’Osso Liliana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo explore relationships among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive spectrum symptoms, and intrusiveness in subjects who survived the crash of a train derailed carrying liquefied petroleum gas and exploded causing a fire.MethodsA sample of 111 subjects was enrolled in Viareggio, Italy. AMOS version 21 (IBM Corp, 2012) was utilized for a structural equation model-path analysis to model the direct and indirect links between the exposure to the traumatic event, the occurrence of depressive symptoms, and intrusiveness. Subjects were administered with the SCID-IV (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV), the Questionnaire for Mood Spectrum (MOODS-SR)-Last Month version, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Questionnaire (TALS-SR), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised version (IES-R).ResultsSixty-six (66/111; 59.4%) subjects met SCID-IV criteria for PTSD. Indices of goodness of fit were as followed: χ2/df = 0.2 P = .6; comparative fit index = 1 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.0001. A significant path coefficient for direct effect of potential traumatic events on depressive symptoms (β = 0.25; P < .04) and from depressive symptoms to intrusiveness (β = 0.34; P < .003) was found. An indirect effect was also observed: standardized value of potential traumatic events on intrusiveness was 0.86. The mediating factor of this indirect effect path was represented by depressive symptoms. Potential traumatic events explained 6.2% of the variance of depressive symptoms; 11.8% of the variance of intrusiveness was accounted for traumatic event and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsPath analysis led us to speculate that depression symptoms might have mediated the relationship between the exposure to potential traumatic events and intrusiveness for the onset of PTSD.
Early Brain Injury and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Pragmatic Language
Authors: Hendrix Cassandra L. , King Tricia Z. , Wise Justin , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often adversely affect adaptive functioning (AF). However, the cognitive mechanisms by which AF is disrupted are not well understood in young children who sustain TBI. This study examined pragmatic language (PL) and executive functioning (EF) as potential mechanisms for AF disruption in children with early, predominantly mild-complicated, TBI.Method:The sample consisted of 76 children between the ages of 6 and 10 years old who sustained a TBI (n= 36) or orthopedic injury (OI;n= 40) before 6 years of age and at least 1 year prior to testing (M= 4.86 years,SD= 1.59). Children’s performance on a PL and an expressive vocabulary task (which served as a control task), and parent report of child’s EF and AF were examined at two time points 1 year apart (i.e., at age 8 and at age 9 years).Results:Injury type (TBIvs.OI) significantly predicted child’s social and conceptual, but not practical, AF. Results indicated that PL, and not expressive vocabulary or EF at time 1, mediated the relationship between injury type and both social and conceptual AF at time 2.Conclusions:A TBI during early childhood appears to subtly, but uniquely, disrupt complex language skills (i.e., PL), which in turn may disrupt subsequent social and conceptual AF in middle childhood. Additional longitudinal research that examines different aspects of PL and adaptive outcomes into adolescence is warranted.
What features of a nutrition resource are important to adolescents of a low socioeconomic status?
Authors: Scott HC , Craddock C , Craig LCA 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify the key features of a nutrition resource that are important to adolescents of a low socioeconomic status (SES).Design:Structured interviews were conducted to explore participants’ preferences relating to the features of a nutrition resource. Thematic framework analysis was used to determine key themes, subthemes and concepts from the data.Setting:Streetsport activity sessions, north-east of Scotland.Participants:Eighteen adolescents aged 12–17 years from a low socioeconomic background.Results:The overarching themes identified were barriers and facilitators to engagement with a nutrition resource. Adolescents expressed a preference for an app, and this was mainly attributed to convenience and low cost. There was also an emphasis on the integral role social media has in their lives. Aesthetics was a facilitator for both male and female participants, with a particular focus on weight loss. Behaviour change support, including reminders, access to simple recipes and adopting a ‘small change approach’, were identified as possible facilitators, whereas cost, environmental influences, and existing eating habits were identified as possible barriers to engaging with a nutrition resource.Conclusions:A number of subthemes, including aesthetics, cost and convenience, which have previously been reported in adolescents with a higher SES, were prominent in our research. The present study contributes to insights relating to behaviour change tools that should be considered when developing a nutrition resource targeting disadvantaged adolescents. Further research focusing on how mobile phone technology and social media can be utilised to support dietary behaviour change in low SES adolescents is recommended.
The Philosophy of the Myōken: The Ethics of the Dead and Bodhisattvas
Authors: Sueki Fumihiko , Sevilla Anton Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToday, the modern value systems that once held sway have fallen apart, and people throughout the world are wandering in an aimless state. Amidst this, we are pressed to ask, “What kind of a new ethics might we construct?” We need to consider the possibility of an ethics that focuses on the religious view of humankind (previously ignored by modernity), that goes beyond this life, and includes the next life. In this article, I examine the way of being of bodhisattvas in Mahāyāna Buddhism via the Lotus Sutra. According to the Lotus Sutra, human existence is one that necessarily relates with the other, and this relationship is not confined to this life, but continues from past lives to future lives. Here, I refer to this as “bodhisattva as existence.” On this basis, it is possible to think of an ethics of “bodhisattva as praxis” that considers the benefit of others even after death. This view of bodhisattvas in the Lotus Sutra lives on in Japanese Buddhism and can be said to point to a new possibility for ethics today.
Exploring Abrupt Alternations Between Wet and Dry Conditions on the Basis of Historical Observations and Convection‐Permitting Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Chen H. , Wang S. , Wang Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExploring the dynamic evolution of the abrupt alternation between wet and dry spells in adjacent months plays a crucial role in water resources planning and agricultural development in a changing climate. The dry‐wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) has been studied based on hydrometeorological observations over the past several years. However, little effort has been made to explore DWAA from a climate projection standpoint. Furthermore, few studies have investigated potential interrelationships between DWAA and heavy rainfall. In this study, the interrelationships between DWAA events and heavy rainfall with various intensities as well as potential evapotranspiration are revealed explicitly through the convection‐permitting climate simulations for 10 climate divisions over Texas in the United States. Our findings disclose that the increasing heavy rainfall and potential evapotranspiration lead to more frequent occurrence of DWAA events over a larger spatial extent. Heavy rainfall with daily precipitation greater than 20 mm contributes most to the occurrence of DWAA. In addition, a severe phenomenon of dry‐wet‐dry alternation is projected to appear due to the increasing number of heavy rainfall and drought events as well as the deteriorated soil water holding capacity under global warming.
Hybrid multi-chip assembly of optical communication engines by in situ 3D nano-lithography
Authors: Blaicher Matthias , Billah Muhammad Rodlin , Kemal Juned , Hoose Tobias , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Hofmann Andreas , Kutuvantavida Yasar , Kieninger Clemens , Dietrich Philipp-Immanuel , Lauermann Matthias , Wolf Stefan , Troppenz Ute , Moehrle Martin , Merget Florian , Skacel Sebastian , Witzens Jeremy , Randel Sebastian , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) nano-printing of freeform optical waveguides, also referred to as photonic wire bonding, allows for efficient coupling between photonic chips and can greatly simplify optical system assembly. As a key advantage, the shape and the trajectory of photonic wire bonds can be adapted to the mode-field profiles and the positions of the chips, thereby offering an attractive alternative to conventional optical assembly techniques that rely on technically complex and costly high-precision alignment. However, while the fundamental advantages of the photonic wire bonding concept have been shown in proof-of-concept experiments, it has so far been unclear whether the technique can also be leveraged for practically relevant use cases with stringent reproducibility and reliability requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate optical communication engines that rely on photonic wire bonding for connecting arrays of silicon photonic modulators to InP lasers and single-mode fibres. In a first experiment, we show an eight-channel transmitter offering an aggregate line rate of 448 Gbit/s by low-complexity intensity modulation. A second experiment is dedicated to a four-channel coherent transmitter, operating at a net data rate of 732.7 Gbit/s – a record for coherent silicon photonic transmitters with co-packaged lasers. Using dedicated test chips, we further demonstrate automated mass production of photonic wire bonds with insertion losses of (0.7 ± 0.15) dB, and we show their resilience in environmental-stability tests and at high optical power. These results might form the basis for simplified assembly of advanced photonic multi-chip systems that combine the distinct advantages of different integration platforms.
Impact of Vitamin E supplementation on vascular function in haptoglobin genotype stratified diabetes patients (EVAS Trial): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dalan Rinkoo , Goh Liuh Ling , Lim Chien Joo , Seneviratna Aruni , Liew Huiling , Seow Cherng Jye , Xia Lian , Chew Daniel E. K. , Leow Melvin K. S. , Boehm Bernhard O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
Vitamin E (Vit-E) may preferentially improve cardiovascular risk in haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp2-2) genotype diabetes individuals. We studied the impact of Vit-E supplementation on vascular function in diabetes individuals stratified by haptoglobin genotype in Singapore.

Methods
In this 24-week, double blind, placebo-controlled RCT, we recruited 187 subjects (101 Hp2-2, 86 non-Hp2-2). Intervention: alpha-tocopherol-400 IU. Primary Outcome: Change in EndoPAT-derived reactive-hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx); Secondary Outcomes: Pulse-Wave velocity (Sphygmocor-PWV), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), inflammation (hsCRP), derivatives of reactive-oxygen metabolites (dROMs), biological antioxidant-potential (BAPs), HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C and oxidised LDL-C (ox-LDL).

Results
Overall, with Vit-E supplementation no significant change in RHI, PWV, CIMT, hsCRP, dROMS, BAPs, HDL-C and HbA1c was observed (p > 0.05); an increase in LDL-C with concomitant decrease in ox-LDL, and incidentally increase in eGFR was observed (p < 0.05). No interaction effect with haptoglobin genotype was seen for all outcomes (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis: In the non-Hp-2-2 group, Vit-E supplementation led to a higher EndoPAT-derived AIx, accompanied by higher LDL and ox-LDL concentrations (p < 0.05); Hp2-2 group: Vit-E supplementation led to higher eGFR when compared to the non-Hp2-2 group (exploratory) (p < 0.05). We observed an interaction effect for baseline haptoglobin concentration (threshold > 119 mg/dl) with intervention in terms of increased EndoPAT-derived AIx in the Hp > 119 mg/dl group whereas no change in the group with Hp ≤ 119 mg/dl.

Conclusion
Vit-E supplementation did not show any preferential benefit or deleterious effect on vascular function in Hp2-2 diabetes subjects in Singapore. A possible deleterious effect of an increase in arterial stiffness in individuals with Hp > 119 mg/dl was observed. Future studies should consider personalisation based on baseline Hp concentrations in patients with T2DM rather than just Hp2-2 genotype to evaluate impact on the detailed lipid pathways, cardiac and renal physiology. The impact of ethnic differences needs to be explored in greater details.
Food selectivity of anaerobic protists and direct evidence for methane production using carbon from prey bacteria by endosymbiotic methanogen
Authors: Hirakata Yuga , Hatamoto Masashi , Oshiki Mamoru , Watari Takahiro , Araki Nobuo , Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Anaerobic protists are major predators of prokaryotes in anaerobic ecosystems. However, little is known about the predation behavior of anaerobic protists because almost none have been cultured. In particular, these characteristics of anaerobic protists in the phyla Metamonada and Cercozoa have not been reported previously. In this study, we isolated three anaerobic protists, Cyclidium sp., Trichomitus sp., and Paracercomonas sp., from anaerobic granular sludge in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor used to treat domestic sewage. Ingestion and digestion of food bacteria by anaerobic protists with or without endosymbiotic methanogens were demonstrated using tracer experiments with green fluorescent protein and a stable carbon isotope. These tracer experiments also demonstrated that Cyclidium sp. supplied CO2 and hydrogen to endosymbiotic methanogens. While Cyclidium sp. and Trichomitus sp. ingested both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, Paracercomonas sp. could only take up Gram-negative bacteria. Archaeal cells such as Methanobacterium beijingense and Methanospirillum hungatei did not support the growth of these protists. Metabolite patterns of all three protists differed and were influenced by food bacterial species. These reported growth rates, ingestion rates, food selectivity, and metabolite patterns provide important insights into the ecological roles of these protists in anaerobic ecosystems.
Inhibition of the autophagic protein ULK1 attenuates axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo, enhances translation, and modulates splicing
Authors: Vahsen Björn Friedhelm , Ribas Vinicius Toledo , Sundermeyer Jonas , Boecker Alexander , Dambeck Vivian , Lenz Christof , Shomroni Orr , Caldi Gomes Lucas , Tatenhorst Lars , Barski Elisabeth , Roser Anna-Elisa , Michel Uwe , Urlaub Henning , Salinas Gabriela , Bähr Mathias , Koch Jan Christoph , Lingor Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAxonal degeneration is a key and early pathological feature in traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. Following a focal lesion to axons, extended axonal disintegration by acute axonal degeneration (AAD) occurs within several hours. During AAD, the accumulation of autophagic proteins including Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) has been demonstrated, but its role is incompletely understood. Here, we study the effect of ULK1 inhibition in different models of lesion-induced axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of a dominant negative of ULK1 (ULK1.DN) in primary rat cortical neurons attenuates axotomy-induced AAD in vitro. Both ULK1.DN and the ULK1 inhibitor SBI-0206965 protect against AAD after rat optic nerve crush in vivo. ULK1.DN additionally attenuates long-term axonal degeneration after rat spinal cord injury in vivo. Mechanistically, ULK1.DN decreases autophagy and leads to an mTOR-mediated increase in translational proteins. Consistently, treatment with SBI-0206965 results in enhanced mTOR activation. ULK1.DN additionally modulates the differential splicing of the degeneration-associated genesKif1bandDdit3. These findings uncover ULK1 as an important mediator of axonal degeneration in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate its function in splicing, defining it as a putative therapeutic target.
Cold atmospheric plasma induces GSDME-dependent pyroptotic signaling pathway via ROS generation in tumor cells
Authors: Yang Xiaorui , Chen Guodong , Yu Kwan Ngok , Yang Miaomiao , Peng Shengjie , Ma Jie , Qin Feng , Cao Wei , Cui Shujun , Nie Lili , Han Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a novel promising anti-cancer treatment modality. Apoptosis and necrosis have been revealed in CAP-induced cell death, but whether CAP induces pyroptosis, another kind of programmed cell death is still unknown. In the present study, we first reported that CAP effectively induced pyroptosis in a dose-dependent manner in Gasdermin E (GSDME) high-expressed tumor cell lines. Interestingly, the basal level of GSDME protein was positively correlated with the sensitivity to CAP in three selected cancer cell lines, implying GSDME might be a potential biomarker of prognosis in the forthcoming cancer CAP treatment. Moreover, our study revealed that CAP-induced pyroptosis depended on the activation of mitochondrial pathways (JNK/cytochrome c/caspase-9/caspase-3) and the cleavage of GSDME but not Gasdermin D (GSDMD). ROS generation induced by CAP was identified to initiate the pyroptotic signaling. These results complemented our knowledge on CAP-induced cell death and provide a strategy to optimize the effect of CAP cancer treatment.
Effect of naive and cancer-educated fibroblasts on colon cancer cell circadian growth rhythm
Authors: Parascandolo Alessia , Bonavita Raffaella , Astaburuaga Rosario , Sciuto Antonio , Reggio Stefano , Barra Enrica , Corcione Francesco , Salvatore Marco , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Relógio Angela , Laukkanen Mikko O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOpportunistic modification of the tumour microenvironment by cancer cells enhances tumour expansion and consequently eliminates tumour suppressor components. We studied the effect of fibroblasts on the circadian rhythm of growth and protein expression in colon cancer HCT116 cells and found diminished oscillation in the proliferation of HCT116 cells co-cultured with naive fibroblasts, compared with those co-cultured with tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) or those cultured alone, suggesting that TAFs may have lost or gained factors that regulate circadian phenotypes. Based on the fibroblast paracrine factor analysis, we tested IL6, which diminished HCT116 cell growth oscillation, inhibited early phase cell proliferation, increased early phase expression of the differentiation markers CEA and CDX2, and decreased early phase ERK5 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate how the cancer education of naive fibroblasts influences the circadian parameters of neighbouring cancer cells and highlights a putative role for IL6 as a novel candidate for preoperative treatments.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of liver-resident immune cells in human
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Zhang Shuye , Liu Yang , He Xiaomeng , Qu Mengmeng , Xu Gang , Wang Hongbo , Huang Man , Pan Jing , Liu Zhenwen , Li Zhiwei , Liu Lei , Zhang Zheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe liver plays a critical role in both immune defense and tolerance in the body. The liver-resident immune cells (LrICs) determine the immune properties, but the unique composition and heterogeneity of these cells are incompletely understood. Here, we dissect the diversity of LrICs by a comprehensive transcriptomic profiling using the unbiased single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 70, 706 of CD45+ immune cells from the paired liver perfusion, spleen and peripheral blood as references were profiled. We identified more than 30 discrete cell populations comprising 13 of T and NK cell, 7 of B cell, 4 of plasma cell, and 8 of myeloid cell subsets in human liver and donor-paired spleen and blood, and characterized their tissue distribution, gene expression and functional modules. Especially, four of CXCR6+ T and NK cell subsets were found to be present preferentially in the liver, where they manifested heterogeneity, distinct function and prominent homeostatic proliferation. We propose a universal category system of T and NK cells based on distinct chemokine receptors, confirmed subsequently by phenotype, transcriptional factors and functionality. We also identified adaptive changes by the spleen and liver-derived monocyte and macrophage populations. Finally, we give a global glimpse on B cell and plasma cell subsets in human spleen and liver. We, therefore, reveal the heterogeneity and functional diversity of LrICs in human. This study presents comprehensively the landscape of LrICs and will enable further study on their roles in various human diseases.
The phylogenetic landscape and nosocomial spread of the multidrug-resistant opportunist Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Gröschel Matthias I. , Meehan Conor J. , Barilar Ivan , Diricks Margo , Gonzaga Aitor , Steglich Matthias , Conchillo-Solé Oscar , Scherer Isabell-Christin , Mamat Uwe , Luz Christian F. , De Bruyne Katrien , Utpatel Christian , Yero Daniel , Gibert Isidre , Daura Xavier , Kampmeier Stefanie , Rahman Nurdyana Abdul , Kresken Michael , van der Werf Tjip S. , Alio Ifey , Streit Wolfgang R. , Zhou Kai , Schwartz Thomas , Rossen John W. A. , Farhat Maha R. , Schaible Ulrich E. , Nübel Ulrich , Rupp Jan , Steinmann Joerg , Niemann Stefan , Kohl Thomas A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent studies portend a rising global spread and adaptation of human- or healthcare-associated pathogens. Here, we analyse an international collection of the emerging, multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 22 countries to infer population structure and clonality at a global level. We show that the S. maltophilia complex is divided into 23 monophyletic lineages, most of which harbour strains of all degrees of human virulence. Lineage Sm6 comprises the highest rate of human-associated strains, linked to key virulence and resistance genes. Transmission analysis identifies potential outbreak events of genetically closely related strains isolated within days or weeks in the same hospitals.
Solar-blind ultraviolet-C persistent luminescence phosphors
Authors: Wang Xianli , Chen Yafei , Liu Feng , Pan Zhengwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVisible-light and infrared-light persistent phosphors are extensively studied and are being used as self-sustained glowing tags in darkness. In contrast, persistent phosphors for higher-energy, solar-blind ultraviolet-C wavelengths (200–280 nm) are lacking. Also, persistent tags working in bright environments are not available. Here we report five types of Pr3+-doped silicates (melilite, cyclosilicate, silicate garnet, oxyorthosilicate, and orthosilicate) ultraviolet-C persistent phosphors that can act as self-sustained glowing tags in bright environments. These ultraviolet-C persistent phosphors can be effectively charged by a standard 254 nm lamp and emit intense, long-lasting afterglow at 265–270 nm, which can be clearly monitored and imaged by a corona camera in daylight and room light. Besides thermal-stimulation, in bright environments, photo-stimulation also contributes to the afterglow emission and its contribution can be dominant when ambient light is strong. This study expands persistent luminescence research to the ultraviolet-C wavelengths and brings persistent luminescence applications to light.