bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A room with a green view: the importance of nearby nature for mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Soga Masashi , Evans Maldwyn J. , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Fukano Yuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its global response have resulted in unprecedented and rapid changes to most people’s day‐to‐day lives. To slow the spread of the virus, governments have implemented the practice of physical distancing (“social distancing”), which includes isolation within the home with limited time spent outdoors. During this extraordinary time, nature around the home may play a key role in mitigating against adverse mental health outcomes due to the pandemic and the measures taken to address it. To assess whether this is the case, we conducted an online questionnaire survey (n = 3,000) in Tokyo, Japan, to quantify the association between five mental health outcomes (depression, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, self‐esteem, and loneliness) and two measures of nature experiences (frequency of greenspace use and green view through windows from home). Accounting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, we found that the frequency of greenspace use and the existence of green window views from within the home was associated with increased levels of self‐esteem, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness and decreased levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Our findings suggest that a regular dose of nature can contribute to the improvement of a wide range of mental health outcomes. With the recent escalation in the prevalence of mental health disorders, and the possible negative impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on public mental health, our findings have major implications for policy, suggesting that urban nature has great potential to be used as a “nature‐based solution” for improved public health.
Size‐spectra analysis in the estuary: assessing fish nursery function across a habitat mosaic
Authors: Seitz Karl M. , Atlas William I. , Millard‐Martin Benjamin , Reid Jared , Heavyside Julian , Hunt Brian P. V. , Moore Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEstuaries act as nurseries for a wide variety of fish species, potentially providing vital foraging opportunities and refuge from predation for their juvenile residents. Yet, these dynamic environments are comprised of a mosaic of habitat types that span gradients of both salinity and physical habitat structure. Here, we present a novel use of size‐spectra analysis to infer nursery habitat function across the estuary habitat mosaic. Interpreting slope and intercept values of abundance against body mass size‐spectra regressions as indicators of predation risk and production, we constructed spectra for six distinct habitat types across the entire tidal influence of an unindustrialized estuary in coastal British Columbia. Based on catches of >200,000 individual fish representing 30 different species from April through September, the estuary rockweed mudflat habitat had the lowest size‐spectra slope and highest intercept, consistent with lower predation risk and higher production. Size‐spectra coefficients varied seasonally across the ecotone, indicating spatio‐temporal variation in key nursery functions. Size‐spectra can provide insight into key ecological processes of productivity and predation risk across dynamic aquatic habitats.
Thermal performance of phase change material–based heat sink for passive cooling of electronic components: An experimental study
Authors: Kothari Rohit , Sahu Santosh K. , Kundalwal Shailesh I. , Mahalkar Pawan 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPresent paper reports the thermal performance of various phase change material (PCM)‐based heat sinks during melting process for cooling of portable electronic devices through experimental investigations. Heat sink configurations include unfinned with pure PCM, finned with pure PCM, unfinned with metallic foam (MF)–PCM composite, and finned with MF–PCM composite. Paraffin wax is used as PCM, and tests have been carried out for various input heat flux values (1.3, 2.0, and 2.7 kW/m2) at different volume fractions of PCM (0, 0.50, 0.86, and 1). The effect of various parameters such as PCM volume fraction, heat sink type, and heat flux on the stretching of operating time to achieve a set point temperature (SPT) is studied. Results obtained from the current experimental investigation are compared with the existing test results. Also, unfinned heat sink without and with PCM is used for baseline comparison. The evolution and propagation of melt front inside the heat sink are studied through photographic observation. The enhancement in operating time is found to vary with the SPT and heat flux values. MF–PCM‐based heat sinks are more advantageous for higher value of input heat flux (2.0 and 2.7 kW/m2). For q″ = 1.3 and 2.0 kW/m2, four‐finned MF–PCM‐based heat sink exhibits better performance; while three‐finned MF–PCM‐based heat sink shows best performance at q″ = 2.7 kW/m2. The highest enhancement ratio of ~2.97 is obtained at 1.3 and 2.7 kW/m2 for four‐finned MF–PCM heat sink and three‐finned MF–PCM heat sink, respectively. Also, three‐finned heat sink provides higher heat transfer rate and highest thermal conductance at q″ = 2.7 kW/m2.
Effect of alkylresorcinols on the formation of Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine and sensory profile of wheat bread
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Zihui , Hao Yiming , Wang Ziyuan , Han Lin , Li Meng , Zhang Ning , Chen Haitao , Liu Yingli , Li Hongyan , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlkylresorcinols (ARs) are important bioactive components in wheat bran which have been used as biomarkers for whole grain wheat consumption. In this study, the impact of ARs on the formation of Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the main component of dietary advanced glycation end products which could induce chronic disease was analyzed. Moreover, the influence of the addition of ARs on the sensory profiles of wheat bread was evaluated. ARs supplementation (0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.3% w/w) could significantly decrease the formation of CML by 21.70%, 35.11%, and 42.18%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, ARs‐supplemented bread achieved a higher score in overall acceptability and buttery‐like aroma through sensory evaluation. The volatile compounds in bread supplemented with ARs were characterized by headspace solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), among which acetoin, 2,3‐butanedione, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 2‐phenylethanol, and 2‐methylbutanal were confirmed as the main volatile compounds through determination of odor activity value. In addition, ARs supplementation had no negative impact on the chewiness, hardness, and springiness of bread. These findings demonstrated that ARs could be applied as potential food additives to improve the quality and sensory profile of bread.
Quantifying contributions of snowmelt water to streamflow using graphical and chemical hydrograph separation
Authors: Miller Samuel A. , Lyon Steve W. , Miller Scott N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we characterize the snowmelt hydrological response of nine headwater watersheds in southeast Wyoming by separating streamflow into three components using a combination of tracer and graphical approaches. First, continuous 15‐min records of specific conductance (SC) from 2016 to 2018 were used to separate streamflow into annual contributions, representing water that contributes to streamflow in a given year that entered the watershed in the same year being considered, and perennial contributions, representing water that contributes to streamflow in a given year that entered the watershed in previous years. Then, diurnal streamflow cycles occurring during the snowmelt season were used to graphically separate annual contributions into rapid diurnal snowmelt contributions, representing water with the relatively fastest hydrological response and shortest residence time, and delayed annual contributions, representing water with relatively longer residence time in the watershed before becoming streamflow. On average, mean annual total streamflow was comprised of between 22% and 46% perennial contributions, 7% and 14% rapid diurnal snowmelt contributions, and 46% and 55% delayed annual contributions across the watersheds. A hysteresis index describing SC‐discharge patterns indicated that, annually, most watersheds showed negative, concave, anti‐clockwise hysteretic direction suggesting faster flow pathways dominate streamflow on the rising limb of the annual hydrograph relative to the falling limb. At the daily timescale during snowmelt‐induced diurnal streamflow cycles, hysteresis was negative, but with a clockwise direction, implying that rapid diurnal snowmelt contributions generated from the concurrent daily snowmelt, with lower SC, arrived after delayed annual contribution peaks and preferentially contributed on the falling limb of diurnal cycles. South‐facing watersheds were more susceptible to early season snowmelt at slower rates, resulting in less annual and more perennial contributions. Conversely, north‐facing watersheds had longer snow persistence and larger proportions of annual contributions and rapid diurnal snowmelt contributions. Watersheds with surficial geology dominated by glacial deposits had a lower proportion of rapid diurnal snowmelt contributions compared to watersheds with large percentages of bedrock surficial geology.
Multistage multimodal medical image fusion model using feature‐adaptive pulse coupled neural network
Authors: Singh Sneha , Gupta Deep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedical image fusion focuses to fuse complementary diagnostic details for better visualization of comprehensive information and interpretation of various diseases and its treatment planning. In this paper, a multistage multimodal fusion model is presented based on nonsubsampled shearlet transform (NSST), stationary wavelet transform (SWT), and feature‐adaptive pulse coupled neural network. Firstly, NSST is employed to decompose the source images into optimally sparse multi‐resolution components followed by SWT. Secondly, structural features are extracted by a weighted sum‐modified Laplacian and applied to an adaptive model to map feature weights for low‐band SWT component fusion, and texture feature‐based fusion rule is applied to fuse high‐band SWT components. High‐frequency NSST components are fused using the absolute maximum and sum of absolute difference based rule to retain complex directional details. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains significantly better fused medical images compared to others with excellent visual quality and improved computational measures.
m6A methyltransferase Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein facilitates cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance in NK/T cell lymphoma by regulating dual‐specificity phosphatases 6 expression via m6A RNA methylation
Authors: Ma HongYan , Shen LiYun , Yang Hua , Gong HongTao , Du XingJun , Li JunBo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNasal‐type natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy with poor survival outcomes that is relatively resistant to chemotherapy. N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA, is involved in the progression of various tumors. However, it is unclear whether it has a physiological role in NKTCL development. To address this question, we probed its function and molecular mechanisms in NKTCL. Initially, we demonstrated that Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein (WTAP), a major RNA N6‐adenosine methyltransferase, was obviously upregulated in human NKTCL cell lines (YTS and SNK‐6 cells), compared with normal NK cells. Functionally, depletion of WTAP noticeably repressed proliferation and facilitated apoptosis in YTS and SNK‐6 cells. Moreover, intervention of WTAP evidently prohibited NKTCL cell chemotherapy resistance to cisplatin, as reflected by a lower inhibition of cell viability and decreased expression of drug resistance‐associated protein expression MRP‐1 and P‐gp in YTS and SNK‐6 cells. With regard to the mechanism, we revealed that WTAP enhanced dual‐specificity phosphatases 6 (DUSP6) expression by increasing m6A levels of DUSP6 mRNA transcript, leading to oncogenic functions in NKTCL. Interestingly, WTAP contributed to the progression and chemotherapy sensitivity of NKTCL by stabilizing DUSP6 mRNA in an m6A‐dependent manner. Taken together, these findings uncovered a critical function for WTAP‐guided m6A methylation and identified DUSP6 as an important target of m6A modification in the regulation of chemotherapy resistance in NKTCL oncogenesis. This study highlights WTAP as a potential therapeutic target of NKTCL treatment.
Utility of Quantitative Proteomics for Enhancing the Predictive Ability of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Across Disease States
Authors: Sharma Sheena , Suresh Ahire Deepak , Prasad Bhagwat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDisease states such as liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease can lead to altered pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs by influencing drug absorption, blood flow to organs, plasma protein binding, apparent volume of distribution, and drug‐metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) abundance. Narrow therapeutic index drugs are particularly vulnerable to undesired pharmacodynamics (PD) because of the changes in drug PK in disease states. However, systematic clinical evaluation of disease effect on drug PK and PD is not always possible because of the complexity or the cost of clinical studies. Physiologically based PK (PBPK) modeling is emerging as an alternate method to extrapolate drug PK from the healthy population to disease states. These models require information on the effect of disease condition on the activity or tissue abundance of DMET proteins. Although immunoquantification‐based abundance data were available in the literature for a limited number of DMET proteins, the emergence of mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomics as a sensitive, robust, and high‐throughput tool has allowed a rapid increase in data availability on tissue DMET abundance in healthy versus disease states, especially in liver tissue. Here, we summarize these data including the available immunoquantification or mRNA levels of DMET proteins (healthy vs disease states) in extrahepatic tissue and discuss the potential applications of DMET abundance data in enhancing the capability of PBPK modeling in predicting drug disposition across disease states. Successful examples of PBPK modeling that integrate differences in DMET proteins between healthy and disease states are discussed.
Visualization of intensive atrial inflammation and fibrosis after cryoballoon ablation: PET/MRI and LGE‐MRI analysis
Authors: Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Nogami Munenobu , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Takami Mitsuru , Izawa Yu , Negi Noriyuki , Kyotani Katsusuke , Mori Shumpei , Hirata Ken‐Ichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial inflammation plays an important role in initiating atrial fibrosis, which could perpetuate atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the method of visualization of atrial inflammation has not been established. We sought to investigate whether the intensive atrial inflammation caused by cryoballoon ablation (CBA) could be detected by positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and whether the atrial inflammation could be associated with consequent fibrosis.MethodsA total of 10 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients after CBA were enrolled. To detect and quantify intensive atrial inflammation, PET/MRI was performed to assess regional 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake one day after the CBA, and the standardized uptake values (SUV) max were compared between the pulmonary vein (PV) antrum where CBA could be applied and the healthy left atrial (LA) wall where CBA could not be applied. Furthermore, the atrial inflammation one day after the procedure and atrial fibrosis areas one month after the procedure were three‐dimensionally quantified by PET/MRI and late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI), respectively.ResultsThe mean SUV max at the PV antrum was significantly higher than that on the healthy LA wall (2.12 ± 0.35 vs 1.73 ± 0.30, P = .00021). The volume of the atrial inflammation strongly correlated with that of the atrial fibrosis (r = .94 [.76‐.99], P = .00006).ConclusionsThe atrial inflammation after CBA could be detected by PET/MRI. CBA‐induced atrial inflammation was strongly associated with consequent lesion maturation.
Undirecting membership in models of Anti-Foundation
Authors: Adam-Day Bea , Cameron Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is known that, if we take a countable model of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory ZFC and “undirect” the membership relation (that is, make a graph by joining x to y if either $$x\in y$$

x
∈
y

or $$y\in x$$

y
∈
x

), we obtain the Erdős–Rényi random graph. The crucial axiom in the proof of this is the Axiom of Foundation; so it is natural to wonder what happens if we delete this axiom, or replace it by an alternative (such as Aczel’s Anti-Foundation Axiom). The resulting graph may fail to be simple; it may have loops (if $$x\in x$$

x
∈
x

for some x) or multiple edges (if $$x\in y$$

x
∈
y

and $$y\in x$$

y
∈
x

for some distinct x, y). We show that, in ZFA, if we keep the loops and ignore the multiple edges, we obtain the “random loopy graph” (which is $$\aleph _0$$

ℵ
0

-categorical and homogeneous), but if we keep multiple edges, the resulting graph is not $$\aleph _0$$

ℵ
0

-categorical, but has infinitely many 1-types. Moreover, if we keep only loops and double edges and discard single edges, the resulting graph contains countably many connected components isomorphic to any given finite connected graph with loops.
Targeted and untargeted quantification of quorum sensing signalling molecules in bacterial cultures and biological samples via HPLC-TQ MS techniques
Authors: Dal Bello Federica , Zorzi Michael , Aigotti Riccardo , Medica Davide , Fanelli Vito , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Amante Eleonora , Orlandi Viviana Teresa , Medana Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is the ability of some bacteria to detect and to respond to population density through signalling molecules. QS molecules are involved in motility and cell aggregation mechanisms in diseases such as sepsis. Few biomarkers are currently available to diagnose sepsis, especially in high-risk conditions. The aim of this study was the development of new analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection and quantification of QS signalling molecules, including N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) and hydroxyquinolones (HQ), in biofluids. Biological samples used in the study were Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial cultures and plasma from patients with sepsis. We developed two MS analytical methods, based on neutral loss (NL) and product ion (PI) experiments, to identify and characterize unknown AHL and HQ molecules. We then established a multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) method to quantify specific QS compounds. We validated the HPLC-MS-based approaches (MRM-NL-PI), and data were in accord with the validation guidelines. With the NL and PI MS-based methods, we identified and characterized 3 and 13 unknown AHL and HQ compounds, respectively, in biological samples. One of the newly found AHL molecules was C12-AHL, first quantified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial cultures. The MRM quantitation of analytes in plasma from patients with sepsis confirmed the analytical ability of MRM for the quantification of virulence factors during sepsis.
Precursor Effect of the Tibetan Plateau Heating Anomaly on the Seasonal March of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation
Authors: Duan Anmin , Hu Die , Hu Wenting , Zhang Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has complex drivers and is characterized by an abrupt onset and northward jumps of the main rain band. By analyzing multisource observational data and reanalysis data sets during 1961–2016, we addressed the connection between the preceding diabatic heating of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the seasonal march of the EASM. We show that the positive surface sensible heating and condensation heating anomalies over the TP lead the onset, duration, and total precipitation of the rainy season in South China (the first stage of the EASM) by about 2 and 1 month, respectively. A significant positive condensation heating anomaly over the TP can be detected about 1 month before the onset of the rainy season in Southwest China (the second stage of the EASM). By contrast, the relationship between heating of the TP and the onset of the rainy season is relatively weak during the remaining stages of the EASM, including the Meiyu and North China rainy seasons. We suggest that the strong heating of the TP intensifies the low‐level southwesterly circulation to the southeast and facilitates the convergence of moisture and ascending motion, leading to an earlier onset of the rainy season. Sensitive experiments with a linear baroclinic model further confirmed the role of heating of the TP in generating circulation conditions favorable for the onset of the rainy season in both South and Southwest China. The TP heating anomaly therefore acts as a precursor of the early stage onset of the EASM.
Clinical usefulness of high levels of C-reactive protein for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yang Desheng , Li Haini , Sun Xiaoyan , Yang Shengmei , Wang Kewei , Liu Zongtao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic role of CRP in ovarian cancer and to assess whether CRP can be combined with tumor markers to enhance the diagnostic efficacy toward ovarian cancer. Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to access the diagnostic ability of each singly and combined as markers for ovarian cancer. The CRP cut-off value was then calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CRP for ovarian cancer. Our results showed that values for all markers were significantly higher in the cancer group than in the control group. Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that CA125 had the highest diagnostic efficacy for ovarian cancer, while the sensitivity for CRP was higher than for CA125, and the specificity for CRP was equal to that of CA125. The combination of CRP, CA125, and HE4, however, provided the strongest diagnostic capability. Furthermore, the diagnostic cut-off value for CRP with regard to ovarian cancer was 9.8 mg/L, and high levels of CRP were correlated with stage and tumor size of ovarian cancer. Our study indicated that CRP is valuable in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and that combining CRP with CA125 and HE4 improved the diagnostic efficacy with respect to ovarian cancer.
Multipole expansion of integral powers of cosine theta
Authors: Jobunga E. O. , Okeyo O. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLegendre polynomials form the basis for multipole expansion of spatially varying functions. The technique allows for decomposition of the function into two separate parts with one depending on the radial coordinates only and the other depending on the angular variables. In this work, the angular function $$\cos ^k \theta$$

cos
k

θ

is expanded in the Legendre polynomial basis and the algorithm for determining the corresponding coefficients of the Legendre polynomials is generated. This expansion together with the algorithm can be generalized to any case in which a dot product of any two vectors appears. Two alternative multipole expansions for the electron–electron Coulomb repulsion term are obtained. It is shown that the conventional multipole expansion of the Coulomb repulsion term is a special case for one of the expansions generated in this work.