bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of two‐week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves, senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars
Authors: Schittenhelm Siegfried , Langkamp‐Wedde Tina , Kraft Martin , Kottmann Lorenz , Matschiner Katja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo examine the extent to which heat stress during grain filling impacts on the development and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a 3‐year field experiment was conducted on a loess soil with high water holding capacity in the North German Plain. Thirty‐two mostly European winter wheat cultivars were exposed to heat stress in a mobile foil tunnel with maximum air temperatures of 45.7, 45.4, and 47.2°C in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. The 14‐day post‐anthesis heat stress treatment caused an average 57.3% grain yield reduction compared to a close‐by non‐stressed control. The proportion of green crop area after the heat stress phase varied from 7% to 98% in 2016 and from 37% to 94% in 2017. The green crop area percentage did not significantly correlate with grain yield, indicating that the delayed senescence of stay‐green phenotypes offers no yield advantage under terminal heat stress. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of the stems at crop maturity varied between 6 and 92 g/kg dry matter, showing that the genotypes differed in their efficiency at using the stem carbohydrate reserves for grain filling under heat stress. The stem WSC concentration correlated positively with the beginning of anthesis (r = 0.704; p < .001) but negatively with the grain yield (r = −0.431; p < .05). For heat tolerance breeding, the stem reserve strategy, i. e. the rapid and full exhaustion of the temporary carbohydrate storage therefore seems more promising than the stay‐green strategy.
GRHL2 induces liver fibrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease via microRNA‐200 and the MAPK pathway
Authors: Wang Ying , Zeng Zishu , Guan Lin , Ao Ran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) serves as the most common subtype of liver diseases and cause of liver dysfunction, which is closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. In our study, we sought to investigate effect of transcription factor grainyhead‐like 2 (GRHL2) on NAFLD and the relevant mechanism. NAFLD mouse model was established with a high‐fat feed. Then, serum was extracted from NAFLD patients and mice, followed by ectopic expression and depletion experiments in NAFLD mice and L02 cells. Next, the correlation between GRHL2 and microRNA (miR)‐200 and between miR‐200 and sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1) was evaluated. The observations demonstrated that miR‐200 and GRHL2 were overexpressed in the serum of NAFLD patients and mice, while SIRT1 was poorly expressed. GRHL2 positively regulated miR‐200 by binding to miR‐200 promoter region, which negatively targeted SIRT1. The inhibition of miR‐200 and GRHL2 or SIRT1 overexpression lowered HA and LN in mouse liver tissue, occludin and ZO‐1 in mouse small intestine tissue, TNF‐α and IL‐6 in mouse serum, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in mouse serum, and also inhibited liver fibrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. Meanwhile, GRHL2 induced activation of MAPK signalling pathway in NAFLD mice. Collectively, GRHL2 played a contributory role in NAFLD by exacerbating liver fibrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction with the involvement of miR‐200‐dependent SIRT1 and the MAPK signalling pathway.
Establishment of immortalised cell lines derived from female Shiba goat KNDy and GnRH neurones
Authors: Suetomi Yuta , Tatebayashi Ryoki , Sonoda Shuhei , Munetomo Arisa , Matsuyama Shuichi , Inoue Naoko , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Takeuchi Yukari , Tsukamura Hiroko , Ohkura Satoshi , Matsuda Fuko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKisspeptin plays a critical role in governing gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotrophin secretion and subsequent reproductive function in mammals. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) kisspeptin neurones, which co‐express neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (Dyn) and are referred to as KNDy neurones, are considered to be involved in GnRH generation. The present study aimed to establish cell lines derived from goat KNDy and GnRH neurones. Primary‐cultured cells of female Shiba goat foetal hypothalamic ARC and preoptic area (POA) tissues were immortalised with the infection of lentivirus containing the simian virus 40 large T‐antigen gene. Clones of the immortalised cells were selected by the gene expression of a neuronal marker, and then the neurone‐derived cell clones were further selected by the gene expression of KNDy or GnRH neurone markers. As a result, we obtained a KNDy neurone cell line (GA28) from the ARC, as well as two GnRH neurone cell lines (GP11 and GP31) from the POA. Immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of kisspeptin, NKB and Dyn in GA28 cells, as well as GnRH in GP11 and GP31 cells. GnRH secretion from GP11 and GP31 cells into the media was confirmed by an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, kisspeptin challenge increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in subsets of both GP11 and GP31 cells. Kisspeptin mRNA expression in GA28 cells, which expressed the oestrogen receptor alpha gene, was significantly reduced by 17β‐oestradiol treatment. Furthermore, the transcriptional core promoter and repressive regions of the goat NKB gene were detected using GA28 cells. In conclusion, we have established goat KNDy and GnRH neurone cell lines that could be used to analyse molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating KNDy and GnRH neurones in vitro, facilitating the clarification of reproductive neuroendocrine mechanisms in ruminants.
Understanding the role of configural processing in face emotion recognition in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cousins Rosanna , Pettigrew Anne , Ferrie Olivia , Hanley J. Richard 
Published: April 2020

This investigation examined whether impairment in configural processing could explain deficits in face emotion recognition in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Stimuli from the Radboud Faces Database were used to compare recognition of four negative emotion expressions by older adults with PD (n = 16) and matched controls (n = 17). Participants were tasked with categorizing emotional expressions from upright and inverted whole faces and facial composites; it is difficult to derive configural information from these two types of stimuli so featural processing should play a larger than usual role in accurate recognition of emotional expressions. We found that the PD group were impaired relative to controls in recognizing anger, disgust and fearful expressions in upright faces. Then, consistent with a configural processing deficit, participants with PD showed no composite effect when attempting to identify facial expressions of anger, disgust and fear. A face inversion effect, however, was observed in the performance of all participants in both the whole faces and facial composites tasks. These findings can be explained in terms of a configural processing deficit if it is assumed that the disruption caused by facial composites was specific to configural processing, whereas inversion reduced performance by making it difficult to derive both featural and configural information from faces.
Nonpharmacological Clinical Effective Interventions in Constipation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Cristina Freitas Carvalho Sousa , Oliveira Palmira da Conceição Martins , Fernandes Olga Maria Freitas Simões de Oliveira , Padilha José Miguel dos Santos Castro , Machado Paulo Alexandre Puga , Ribeiro Ana Leonor Alves , Ramos José Luis Nunes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify nonpharmacological clinically effective interventions for constipation in adults.MethodsA systematic review of experimental studies of nonpharmacological interventions addressing participants’ management of constipation using samples of adults over 18 years of age was conducted. In evaluating the methodological quality of the eligible studies, we used the assumptions of the Cochrane Collaboration, and for the reporting of items in the systematic review we used the Model of Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The protocol of this review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews of the University of York under number 43693.ResultsThis review included 12 randomized controlled trials. Nonpharmacological effective interventions for the resolution of constipation were identified: individualized intervention based on the participant’s modifiable risk factors of constipation promoting literacy in health; educational measures in dietary modification and lifestyle; and abdominal massage.ConclusionsSpecific nonpharmacological interventions are crucial for nurses’ clinical practice and of major importance for clients and families. Evidence on these interventions in resolving constipation is still scarce and fails to provide evidence‐based data to support nursing clinical practice.Clinical RelevancePersonal lifestyles, comorbidities, medication, and sedentary habits are likely to be risk factors in constipation. Thus, it is important to invest in nonpharmacological interventions that promote changes in behavior regarding prevention or resolution of constipation. Moreover, nursing researchers worldwide should conduct research for clinical practice regarding the fundamentals of care.
Follicular unit extraction as a valuable method for the restoration of beard: Retrospective case series study
Authors: Civaş Ekrem , Aksoy Berna , Aksoy Hasan Mete , Çalıkoğlu Emel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeard and mustache are important components of body image. Beard transplantation is the procedure to restore congenital absence or inefficient growth of beard and mustache.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to report our results and experience in beard transplantation.MethodsPatients with a demand for beard restoration who were treated with follicular unit extraction (FUE) hair transplantation method were included in this retrospective, case series study. Patients’ birth date, race, presence of eunuchoidism, hair color, type and shaft thickness, and treatment details were retrieved from medical records. Patients were evaluated at least one year after the operation, and defect closure rates were calculated. At the follow‐up examination, patients were asked to evaluate their satisfaction from the procedure.ResultsTen patients were consecutively treated between May 2007 and June 2016. The mean age of the patients was 29.6 years. Three of our patients were eunuchoid and the others wanted beard transplantation to have a more masculine look. Follow‐up period was median of 39 months. Four patients were satisfied and four patients were very satisfied with the procedure with a mean 53% closure rate. Better closure rates were associated with brown and red hair color, medium and fine hair thickness, and absence of eunuchoidism. Patients with straight hair were satisfied with the procedure significantly.ConclusionBeard reconstruction by using the FUE method is a safe and effective method with high patient satisfaction rates.
Trajectories of care in congenital heart disease – the long arm of disease in the womb
Authors: Marelli A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the development of congenital heart disease (CHD) across the lifespan has evolved. These include the evidence for the change in demographics of CHD, the observations that lifelong complications of CHD result in CHD as a lifespan disease, and the concept of long windows of exposure to risk that start in foetal life and magnify the expression of risk in adulthood. These observations set the stage for trajectories as an emerging construct to target health‐service interventions. The lifelong cardiovascular and systemic complications of CHD make the long‐term care of these patients challenging for cardiologists and internists alike. A life‐course approach is thus required to facilitate our understanding of the natural history and to orient our clinical efforts. Three specific examples are illustrated: neurocognition; cancer resulting from exposure to low‐dose ionizing radiation; and cardiovascular disease acquired in ageing adults. As patients grow, they do not just want to live longer, they want to live well. With the need to move beyond the mortality outcome, a shift in paradigm is needed. A life‐course health development framework is developed for CHD. Trajectories are used as a complex construct to illustrate the patient’s healthcare journey. There is a need to define disease trajectories, wellness trajectories and ageing trajectories in this population. Disease trajectories for repaired tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries and the Fontan operation are hypothetically constructed. For clinicians, the life‐course horizon helps to frame the patient’s history and plan for the future. For researchers, life‐course epidemiology offers a framework that will help increase the relevance of clinical enquiry and improve study design and analyses. A health‐service policy framework is proposed for a growing number of conditions that start in the before birth and extend as long as contemporary survival now permits. Ultimately, the goal is the precision delivery of health services that enables lifelong health management, organization of developmental health services, and integration of vertical and horizontal health‐service delivery.
Effect of sodium ascorbyl phosphate on osteoblast viability and differentiation
Authors: Okajima Luciana Satie , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira , Pinheiro Ivanei Ferreira , Fonseca Silva Almenara Souza , Demasi Ana Paula Dias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectives and BackgroundSodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) is a hydrophilic and stable L‐ascorbic acid derivative, being converted by the cell phosphatases into free ascorbic acid (AA), which allows its sustained release in the medium. AA participates in the maintenance and healing of the periodontium. It presents a regulatory role of the osteoblastic activity, stimulating the deposition of collagen extracellular matrix followed by the induction of genes associated with the osteoblastic phenotype. It also acts in the elimination of reactive oxygen species, abundantly produced by defense cells in periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SAP on osteoblast viability and differentiation.MethodsMouse preosteoblastic cells of the MC3T3‐E1 strain were used. Cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue dye exclusion assay and the expression of genes related to osteoblast differentiation by quantitative PCR. Collagen I secretion was evaluated by ELISA, and mineralized matrix formation was assayed by Alizarin red S staining.ResultsThe results showed that SAP at concentrations from 50 to 500 µmol/L does not influence preosteoblast cell viability, but stimulates their differentiation, observed by the induction of RUNX2, COL1A1, and BGLAP2; by the higher secreted levels of collagen I; and also by the increase in the mineralization of the extracellular matrix in cells exposed to this agent at 200 or 400 µmol/L, compared with those not exposed.ConclusionBy its stability and capacity to induce preosteoblastic cell differentiation, our results indicate that the incorporation of SAP into local release devices, membranes/scaffolds or biomaterials, could favor bone tissue formation and therefore periodontal healing.
Effect of breed as a risk factor for humeral condylar fracture in skeletally immature dogs
Authors: Smith M. A. J. , Jenkins G. , Dean B. L. , O'Neill T. M. , Macdonald N. J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of breed as a risk factor associated with humeral condylar fracture in skeletally immature dogs in the UK.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of dogs under 12 months of age that were presented with humeral condylar fracture to three specialist referral centres between 2015 and 2018. Data retrieved from medical records included breed, age, gender, neuter status, affected limb, fracture configuration and aetiology of the fracture. Breed population percentages were compared with those recorded by the UK Kennel Club.ResultsOf the 115 dogs with 118 fractures, French bulldogs (41%) and English springer spaniels (15%) were overrepresented: humeral condylar fractures were more commonly diagnosed in French bulldogs (odds ratio = 5.86) and English springer spaniels (odds ratio = 5.66) compared with mixed‐breed dogs. Lateral condylar fractures occurred in 70% of cases, with medial condylar fractures and Y/T fractures accounting for 9% and 21%, respectively. Median age at the time of fracture was 4 months (range 2 to 10 months).Clinical SignificanceFrench bulldogs and English springer spaniels were identified as being at potentially increased risk of humeral condylar fracture in skeletally immature dogs.
Environmental factors driving the distribution of the tropical coral Pavona varians: Predictions under a climate change scenario
Authors: Rodriguez Laura , García Juan José , Tuya Fernando , Martínez Brezo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate change causes shifts in the geographical distribution boundaries of many organisms. Modelling techniques predict the distribution of species by relating climatic and physical factors with species' presence records, including potential extinction areas and new potential areas of colonization, under predicted climatic scenarios. In this study, we initially explored which environmental variables most influenced the distribution of Pavona varians, a hermatypic coral from the equatorial Indian and the Pacific Ocean, which is categorized as ‘Least Concern’ by the UICN. The most influential variables were the minimum and maximum sea surface temperature, the diffuse water attenuation and the cloud cover. These variables were used to predict habitat suitability of P. varians under a current and a future (A1B IPPC) scenario using MaxEnt. Despite P. varians is an opportunistic species, with a well‐known resistance to environmental stress, the model predicted a massive decline in the suitability of its habitat in all areas by the year 2100. The information obtained by this study can be used to support the conservation decision making process to improve the preservation of the species.
Investigating the genetic and environmental architecture of interpack aggression in North American grey wolves
Authors: Schell Christopher J. 
Published: April 2020

Aggression confers several fitness benefits including increased breeding opportunities and resource acquisition. Determining the relative contributions of genetic and environmental components to shaping aggression is essential for advancing our understanding of how selection affects the distribution of aggressive phenotypes in a population. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, vonHoldt et al. (2020) used RAD‐seq methods to obtain genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to estimate heritability of interpack aggression of 141 North American grey wolves (Canis lupus) surveyed from 1995–2018. The authors inferred heritability using both a SNP‐based genetic relationship matrix (GRM) and a consensus pedigree informed by: (a) previously obtained microsatellite data; (b) past observations of parentage; and (c) statistical reconstruction of parent‐offspring pairs. SNP‐based (i.e., GRM) and pedigree‐based (i.e., consensus pedigree) heritability estimates were 37% and 14%, respectively, with an additional 14%–16% explained by natal pack effects. The study confirmed the previously discovered strong effects of relative pack size and breeding status on interpack aggression, illustrating how social dynamics and density‐dependent factors induce variance in aggressive behaviours. Finally, the authors found associations between average individual aggression scores (IAS) and specific candidate genes (MY09A and TRAK1). In sum, vonHoldt et al. (2020) provides an unprecedented and nuanced synthesis that not only suggests gene‐aggression associations, but also emphasizes how additive genetic variance and density‐dependent factors interact to maintain phenotypic variance in aggression over time.
Kodamaea ohmeri infections in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Ioannou Petros , Papakitsou Ioanna 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundKodamaea ohmeri, previously known as Pichia ohmeri or Yamadazyma ohmeri, belongs to the Saccharomycetaceae family and the Ascomycetae class, is the telomorphic form of C guilliermondii var. membranaefaciens and is frequently mistaken for Candida, as they belong to the same family. It has been isolated from environmental sources, such as sand, pools, seawater and fruits, while the last decades it is recognised as a rare pathogen that causes life‐threatening infections in humans. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of K ohmeri infections in the literature and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes of these infections in humans.MethodsSystematic review of PubMed (through 27th December 2019) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of K ohmeri infections.ResultsA total of 35 studies, containing data of 44 patients, were included in the analysis. The most common K ohmeri infections were those of the bloodstream, infective endocarditis and onychomycosis. Previous antibiotic use, presence of a central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition and cancer were very common among patients. Mortality was high in the case of fungemias but low for other types of infections. Amphotericin B and fluconazole are the most common agents used for treatment, even though alarming MICs for fluconazole were noted.ConclusionsThis systematic review thoroughly describes infections by K ohmeri and provides information on their epidemiology, clinical presentation, microbiology, antibiotic resistance patterns, treatment and outcomes.
Destiny’s child
Authors: Yamashita Masano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Marivaux's La vie de Marianne (1731–1742), the classical concept of destiny is deployed to convey the singularity of the protagonist's existence and as a tool that allows for a critical articulation of the determinants of female existence. Common to both explorations is the underlying importance of accidents and other events of non‐choosing that engage with feminine agency as modalities of affordances. I argue that La vie de Marianne reveals another dimension of agentless destiny, pertaining this time to the primacy of an emerging economic logic, wherein, as Florence Magnot‐Ogilvy has recently shown, persons run the potential risk of becoming replaceable. Building on Magnot‐Ogilvy's and René Démoris's analyses of repetition and the doubling of female characters in La vie de Marianne, I show that social and economic fatum is combatted by Marianne, who distinguishes herself from other women, such as Mademoiselle Varthon and Tervire, by presenting herself not only as a singular voice whose power is enacted through storytelling, but as someone who has a greater destin, possessing worth and narrative interest. Marianne records her romanesque story in order to open a doorway into the contingencies of women's lives, while also taking ownership of herself as a product of literary self‐fashioning.
Why is pulmonary vein isolation not enough for vagal denervation in all cases?
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Guler Tumer Erdem , Bozyel Serdar , Yalin Kivanc , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may cause vagal response during radiofrequency application or increase on heart rate after ablation. All those responses are related to inadvertent ablation effect on ganglionated plexi. In the present case, we aimed to explain why vagal response effects of PVI are not same in all cases.