bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism: For Whom do they Matter?
Authors: Jacobs Leah A. , Skeem Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJustice‐involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual‐level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual’s susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his or her accumulated risk of reoffending. Based on a sample of 2218 people on probation in San Francisco, California, this study draws on observational and secondary data to test the hypothesis that individual risk moderates the effect of neighborhood factors on recidivism. Results from survival analyses indicate that individual risk interacts with neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and disorder—and these factors increase recidivism among people relatively low in individual risk, but not those at higher risk. This is consistent with the disadvantage saturation perspective, raising the possibility that some people classified as low risk might not recidivate but for placement in disadvantaged and disorderly neighborhoods. Ultimately, residential contexts “matter” for lower risk people and may be useful to consider in efforts to prevent recidivism.
COVID‐19‐related financial stress associated with higher likelihood of depression among pregnant women living in the United States
Authors: Thayer Zaneta M. , Gildner Theresa E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to unprecedented levels of unemployment and financial strain for many Americans. Among the individuals impacted by financial strain are pregnant women, for whom added financial stress may be particularly impactful due to the costs associated with prenatal care and providing for a newborn. Financial stress has been previously associated with elevated depression symptoms among pregnant women, which could have significant impacts on birth outcomes and long‐term offspring health. However, the impacts of COVID‐19‐associated financial stress on maternal depression in pregnancy has not been investigated.MethodsHere, we evaluated whether COVID‐19‐associated financial stress was associated with increased likelihood of a clinically significant depression score (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score ≥ 15) among pregnant women living in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data come from an online survey administered to a convenience sample in April 2020 (N = 2099).ResultsForty‐three percent of participants reported experiencing financial stress as a result of the pandemic, while 24% of participants had a clinically significant depression score. COVID‐19‐related financial stress was significantly associated with increased likelihood of a clinically significant depression score, even after adjustment for covariates including participant education and income (adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.23, 95% CI = 1.80, 2.77,P < .001).ConclusionsFinancial stress caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with more than two times the likelihood of depression during pregnancy, which could impact birth outcomes and long‐term offspring health.
Association of subjective olfactory dysfunction and 12‐item odor identification testing in ambulatory COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Prajapati Divya P. , Shahrvini Bita , MacDonald Bridget V. , Crawford Kayva L. , Lechner Matt , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAcute loss of smell and taste are well‐recognized symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), yet the correlation between self‐reported and psychophysical olfactory function remains unclear. Understanding the reliability of self‐reported smell loss in ambulatory cases can assess the utility of this screening measure.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal study evaluating patient‐reported and measured olfactory function using the validated 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) was conducted on adult outpatients with COVID‐19. Patient‐reported olfaction scores using a visual analog scale (VAS) were obtained at baseline, time of COVID‐19 testing, and time of BSIT completion. Linear associations between VAS and BSIT were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VAS scores were calculated. Logistic regression identified characteristics associated with accurate assessment of olfactory function.ResultsA total of 81 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐confirmed COVID‐19 positive subjects, of whom 54 self‐reported smell loss, were prospectively recruited ≤5 days from diagnosis date between May 8, 2020, and July 8, 2020. Self‐reported smell loss had good discriminative ability in identifying abnormal BSIT (area under receiver operating curve [AUC] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.92). A VAS <5 demonstrated sensitivity of 0.62 and specificity of 0.94 for predicting hyposmia (BSIT ≤8) with accuracy of 82.7%, whereas a VAS <9 had highest sensitivity at 0.86. Moderate bivariate linear associations were found between VAS and BSIT scores (rs = 0.59, p < 0.001).ConclusionSelf‐reported olfactory loss associated with COVID‐19 has a strong ability to predict abnormal olfactory function though the 2 measures are moderately correlated. Subjective olfactory assessment is useful in screening olfactory dysfunction at early disease time points when psychophysical testing cannot be conducted.
Unconventional Phonon Blockade in a Tavis–Cummings Coupled Optomechanical System
Authors: Yang Jun‐Ya , Jin Zhao , Liu Jin‐Song , Wang Hong‐Fu , Zhu Ai‐Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA phonon blockade is achieved in a hybrid optomechanical system including an ensemble of two‐level quantum emitters. The introduction of the ensemble of quantum emitters sets up a mechanism of quantum destructive interference within the system, by which the phonon statistical characteristic exhibits strong antibunching under the condition of weak driving and weak coupling. By analyzing the analytic solution of the second‐order correlation function, the optimal parametric condition for ideal phonon blockade effect is obtained. The numerical simulation of the second‐order correlation function perfectly accord with the analytical solution. The validity of the effective Hamiltonian is proved by the numerical simulations with quantum master equation. The proposed scheme provides a possible way to realize the single‐phonon source experimentally.
Nanoscale Hyperspectral Imaging of Amyloid Secondary Structures in Liquid
Authors: Lipiec Ewelina , Kaderli Janina , Kobierski Jan , Riek Roland , Skirlińska‐Nosek Katarzyna , Sofińska Kamila , Szymoński Marek , Zenobi Renato 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbnormal aggregation of amyloid‐β is a very complex and heterogeneous process. Owing to methodological limitations, the aggregation pathway is still not fully understood. Herein a new approach is presented in which the secondary structure of single amyloid‐β aggregates is investigated with tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in a liquid environment. Clearly resolved TERS signatures of the amide I and amide III bands enabled a detailed analysis of the molecular structure of single aggregates at each phase of the primary aggregation of amyloid‐β and also of small species on the surface of fibrils attributed to secondary nucleation. Notably, a β‐sheet rearrangement from antiparallel in protofibrils to parallel in fibrils is observed. This study allows better understanding of Alzheimer's disease etiology and the methodology can be applied in studies of other neurodegenerative disorders.
NIR‐sensibilisierte kationische und hybride radikalische/kationische Polymerisation und Vernetzung
Authors: Pang Yulian , Shiraishi Atsushi , Keil Dietmar , Popov Sergey , Strehmel Veronika , Jiao Hongjun , Gutmann Jochen S. , Zou Yingquan , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie NIR‐sensibilisierte kationische Polymerisation verläuft effizient mit Epoxiden, einem Vinylether und Oxetan mit einem Heptacyanin als Sensibilisator und Iodoniumsalz als Coinitiator. Das Anion wurde von fluorierten Phosphaten (a: [PF6]−, b: [PF3(C2F5)3]−, c: [PF3(n‐C4F9)3]−), Aluminaten (d: [Al(O‐t‐C4F9)4]−, e: [Al(O(C3F6)CH3)4]−) und einem Methid [C(O‐SO2CF3)3]− (f) ausgewählt. Der Vinylether zeigte die beste Effizienz in der kationischen Polymerisation, gefolgt von Oxetanen und Oxiranen. DFT‐Rechnungen ermöglichten eine Abschätzung des elektrostatischen Potentials für jedes Anion, wobei d eine bessere Reaktivität als e und b bewirkte. Die Bildung interpenetrierender Polymernetzwerke (IPNs) erfolgte unter Verwendung von Trimethylolpropantriacrylat und Epoxiden im Fall einer NIR‐sensibilisierten Polymerisation erfolgreich mit d als Gegenion für das Initiatorsystem. Keine IPN‐Bildung wurde bei UV‐LED‐Initiierung unter Verwendung der gleichen Monomere mit Thioxanthon/Iodoniumsalz beobachtet. Die Belichtung wurde mit neuen NIR‐LEDs durchgeführt, die bei 805 oder 870 nm emittieren.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Ni‐Catalyzed Formal Hydroalkylation, Hydrobenzylation, and Hydropropargylation of Acrylamides to α‐Tertiary Amides
Authors: Shi Lou , Xing Ling‐Ling , Hu Wen‐Bo , Shu Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of enantioselective alkyl–alkyl cross‐couplings with coinstantaneous formation of a stereogenic center without the use of sensitive organometallic species is attractive yet challenging. Herein, we report the intermolecular regio‐ and enantioselective formal hydrofunctionalizations of acrylamides, forging a stereogenic center α‐position to the newly formed Csp3–Csp3 bond for the first time. The use of a newly developed chiral ligand enables the electronically‐reversed formal hydrofunctionalizations, including hydroalkylation, hydrobenzylation, and hydropropargylation, offering an efficient way to access diverse enantioenriched amides with a tertiary α‐stereogenic carbon center which is facile to racemize. This operationally simple protocol allows for the anti‐Markovnikov enantioselective hydroalkylation, and unprecedented hydrobenzylation, hydropropargylation under mild conditions with excellent functional group compatibility, delivering a wide range of amides with excellent levels of enantioselectivity.
The coercive control of Daniel and Magdalena Lucek: A case of child abuse as tangential spouse abuse
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing on a model developed by the author, coercive control was adapted in 2012 as the framework for a new “cross governmental” response in the health and social services to woman and child abuse in Great Britain, including changes in the criminal laws. I illustrate the forensic utility of the coercive control framework by applying it to explore the circumstances leading up to the murder of 4‐year old, Daniel Pelka (DP), in Coventry, England in 2009 and to critique the response by the various service providers to the family and the Crown's decision to try Daniel's mother, Magdalena Lucek, for the murder. Had the new approach been in place when the Lucek case came to public attention, the coercive control could have been recognized and effectively addressed.
Enabling High Capacity and Coulombic Efficiency for Li‐NCM811 Cells Using a Highly Concentrated Electrolyte
Authors: Philip Maria A. , Haasch Richard T. , Kim Jutae , Yang Jianzhong , Yang Rachel , Kochetkov Ivan R. , Nazar Linda F. , Gewirth Andrew A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLithium metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation and the associated safety hazards of thermal runaway reactions. In this study, we report the performances of a highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE) and a dilute LiPF6 electrolyte in lithium metal cells using LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. While the HCE exhibits lower bulk ionic conductivity than the dilute LiPF6 electrolyte, the cell conductivity is higher for the HCE system, indicating higher thermodynamic stability of the electrolyte against the electrodes. Full cell cycling demonstrates higher capacity for the HCE system, which declines as a function of cycle number due to the formation of decomposition products, similar to the dilute LiPF6 system. The origin of the enhanced performance is the higher stability of the HCE against a Li metal anode as compared to the dilute LiPF6 electrolyte. Cycling at higher temperatures further enhances the performance of the HCE, which is more thermally stable than the dilute LiPF6 electrolyte.
Preliminary investigation of two functional assessment methods for people with dementia: Effectiveness and acceptability
Authors: Sharp Rebecca A. , Lucock Zoe R. , Jones Robert S. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany functional assessment procedures have been developed and validated for use with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the utility and social acceptability of functional assessment methods for people with dementia. We conducted direct observations in the natural environment to produce data for conditional probability analyses and an experimental functional analysis of the behavior of two women with dementia. We found that the conditional probability analysis yielded similar conclusions about function as the data from the experimental functional analysis for both participants. Importantly, staff rated the direct observations as more socially acceptable. We also report barriers to conducting both methods in older adult settings that warrant further exploration, including the use of the assessments with people with dementia and intact vocal verbal repertoires.
Dynamic changes of bone metastasis predict bone‐predominant status to benefit from radium‐223 dichloride for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Kohei , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Shindo Tetsuya , Hori Masakazu , Tsuboi Yasumasa , Kobayashi Ko , Fukuta Fumimasa , Tanaka Toshiaki , Miyamoto Shintaro , Maehana Takeshi , Okada Manabu , Nishiyama Naotaka , Yanase Masahiro , Kato Ryuichi , Hotta Hiroshi , Kunishima Yasuharu , Takahashi Atsushi , Hinotsu Shiro , Sakata Koh‐ichi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Uemura Hiroji , Masumori Naoya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo best employ radium‐223 dichloride (Ra‐223) for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastasis, we investigated the bone‐predominant status in patients treated with Ra‐223.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 127 CRPC patients who underwent treatment with Ra‐223. The patients were divided into three groups based on the types of dynamic changes of bone metastasis between diagnosis and just before Ra‐223: (a) only known lesions; (b) de novo lesions; (c) new progressive lesions. We developed the risk assessment using predictive factors based on progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 10.4 months, the median PFS in the only known lesions group was 11.3 months compared to 8.1 months in the de novo lesions group and 5.1 months in the new progressive lesions group (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, the type of the new progressive lesions in bone metastasis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13‐1.66, P = .003), performance status of >1 (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04‐2.89, P = .034), PSA value of >100 ng/mL (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02‐2.50, P = .043), and PSA doubling time (PSADT) of <3 months (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11‐2.03, P = .007) were independent unfavorable predictive factors for PFS. The risk assessment for PFS was highlighted when the type of dynamic changes of bone metastasis was combined with PSADT just before Ra‐223 treatment. This was associated with non‐bone metastasis progression, especially visceral metastasis, and overall survival.ConclusionsRisk assessment in combination with dynamic changes of bone metastasis and PSADT determines the bone‐predominant metastasis type to benefit from Ra‐223.
A public health approach to cervical cancer screening in Africa through community‐based self‐administered HPV testing and mobile treatment provision
Authors: Nakalembe Miriam , Makanga Philippa , Kambugu Andrew , Laker‐Oketta Miriam , Huchko Megan J. , Martin Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) refers to cervical cancer as a public health problem, and sub‐Saharan Africa bears the world's highest incidence. In the realm of screening, simplified WHO recommendations for low‐resource countries now present an opportunity for a public health approach to this public health problem. We evaluated the feasibility of such a public health approach to cervical cancer screening that features community‐based self‐administered HPV testing and mobile treatment provision. In two rural districts of western‐central Uganda, Village Health Team members led community mobilization for cervical cancer screening fairs in their communities, which offered self‐collection of vaginal samples for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing. High‐risk human papillomavirus‐positive women were re‐contacted and referred for treatment with cryotherapy by a mobile treatment unit in their community. We also determined penetrance of the mobilization campaign message by interviewing a probability sample of adult women in study communities about the fair and their attendance. In 16 communities, 2142 women attended the health fairs; 1902 were eligible for cervical cancer screening of which 1892 (99.5%) provided a self‐collected vaginal sample. Among the 393 (21%) women with detectable hrHPV, 89% were successfully contacted about their results, of which 86% returned for treatment by a mobile treatment team. Most of the women in the community (93%) reported hearing about the fair, and among those who had heard of the fair, 68% attended. This public health approach to cervical cancer screening was feasible, effectively penetrated the communities, and was readily accepted by community women. The findings support further optimization and evaluation of this approach as a means of scaling up cervical cancer control in low‐resource settings.
Profile of Terpenoid Compounds Mediating a Plant‐Herbivore Interaction: Screening by Static Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction‐Gas Chromatography/Q‐ToF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: García‐Díaz Esmeralda , Trejo Rodolfo , Tafoya Felipe , Aragón‐García Agustín , Elizalde‐González María P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConotrachelus dimidiatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) interacts with immature guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) for feed, sleep, mate and oviposit. Determination of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the insect and immature fruits can help improve understanding of plant‐insect and intraspecific insect interactions between females and males of C. dimidiatus. Daytime fruit setting emissions of immature guava consist mainly of limonene, caryophyllene, and aromadendrene. In addition to the host's volatiles, the aim of this study was to assess the VOCs released by the insect. Static headspace‐solid phase microextraction (SHS‐SPME), combined with gas chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/Q‐ToF‐MS), allowed the identification of the C10 terpenoids: grandlure I, II, II, IV, grandisoic acid, papayanol and papayanal bioactive compounds released by female and male C. dimidiatus under laboratory conditions. These chemical compounds are candidates for the preparation of a lure formulation.
Microbial Cell Factories for Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid Production
Authors: Kulagina Natalja , Papon Nicolas , Courdavault Vincent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor decades, plants have represented an inexhaustible source of natural products used in various sectors such as health and industry. However, one recurring problem is the low accumulation of these compounds in planta and, therefore, their production costs and supply. In recent years, unprecedented hope has been brought by the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, which opens up prospects for supply of these molecules at lower cost with high added value. However, many of these productions remained at a laboratory scale. In a recent article published in Nature Communication, Vincent J. J. Martin's team has developed an optimized yeast strain capable of synthesizing not only a huge amount of (S)‐reticuline, a major precursor of the plant tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid series, but also a whole range of new‐to‐nature compounds from this prominent family of natural products. This synthesis, reaching industrial scales, thus paves the way to efficient production in microbial cell factories.
Selective Affimers Recognise the BCL‐2 Family Proteins BCL‐xL and MCL‐1 through Noncanonical Structural Motifs**
Authors: Miles Jennifer A. , Hobor Fruzsina , Trinh Chi H. , Taylor James , Tiede Christian , Rowell Philip R. , Jackson Brian R. , Nadat Fatima A. , Ramsahye Pallavi , Kyle Hannah F. , Wicky Basile I. M. , Clarke Jane , Tomlinson Darren C. , Wilson Andrew J. , Edwards Thomas A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbstract: The BCL‐2 family is a challenging group of proteins to target selectively due to sequence and structural homologies across the family. Selective ligands for the BCL‐2 family regulators of apoptosis are useful as probes to understand cell biology and apoptotic signalling pathways, and as starting points for inhibitor design. We have used phage display to isolate Affimer reagents (non‐antibody‐binding proteins based on a conserved scaffold) to identify ligands for MCL‐1, BCL‐xL, BCL‐2, BAK and BAX, then used multiple biophysical characterisation methods to probe the interactions. We established that purified Affimers elicit selective recognition of their target BCL‐2 protein. For anti‐apoptotic targets BCL‐xL and MCL‐1, competitive inhibition of their canonical protein‐protein interactions is demonstrated. Co‐crystal structures reveal an unprecedented mode of molecular recognition; where a BH3 helix is normally bound, flexible loops from the Affimer dock into the BH3 binding cleft. Moreover, the Affimers induce a change in the target proteins towards a desirable drug‐bound‐like conformation. These proof‐of‐concept studies indicate that Affimers could be used as alternative templates to inspire the design of selective BCL‐2 family modulators and more generally other protein‐protein interaction inhibitors.
Impact of consumption of cooked red and blackChenopodium quinoaWilld. over blood lipids, oxidative stress, and blood glucose levels in hypertension‐induced rats
Authors: Cisneros‐Yupanqui Miluska , Lante Anna , Mihaylova Dasha , Krastanov Albert I. , Vílchez‐Perales Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesHypertension is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, generating oxidative stress, which could contribute to the lipid peroxidation, altering the blood lipid levels, and to the development of diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of cooked red and black quinoa over blood lipids, oxidative stress, and glucose levels in hypertension‐induced rats by the supply of the drug N (ω)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME).FindingsThe consumption of red quinoa increased significantly (p < .05) the levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the quinoa consumption, regardless of the variety, not only increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), but also reduced blood glucose levels. The total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content were higher in red than in black quinoa, while this latter obtained better values for the total antioxidant activity.ConclusionsThe presence of bioactive compounds in quinoa could be responsible for its capacity to improve the HDL levels, the in vivo antioxidant activity, and the levels of fasting blood glucose in hypertension‐induced rats.Significance and noveltyFindings from this study could promote the consumption of quinoa, which seems to be a good source in the development of functional foods, in order to take advantages of its bioactivities.