bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of organic matter and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater by using intermittent hydraulic rates on earthworm–microorganism biofilters
Authors: Chicaiza C. , Huaraca L. , Almeida-Naranjo C. E. , Guerrero V. H. , Villamar C. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiofilters based on earthworms–microorganisms represent, particularly in developing countries, an interesting alternative for domestic wastewater treatment due to their easy operation and low cost. However, there are several operational aspects that should be better understood in order to improve their performance. This paper studies the effect of using intermittent hydraulic loading rates to improve organic matter and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater using these biofilters. Three laboratory-scale columns, operating at a 2.5 m3 m−2day−1 hydraulic loading rate, were used. The B1–24 h, B2–8 h, B3–4 h column loading rates indicate that the columns were operated continuously for 24, 8 and 4 h, respectively. Each column (biomass biofilm/earthworms, redox potential, and head loss) and its corresponding operational performance parameters (TCOD, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, TP) were monitored. The results showed that the B2–8 h intermittent hydraulic loading rate results in the best global performance, with 74%, 57%, and 20% average removal efficiencies for TCOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus, respectively. Moreover, it showed the best biomass growth (biofilm and earthworms), activity (as redox potential changes) and the lowest clogging effects (up to −1.0 cm). The intermittent operation influences the behavior of the earthworm–microorganism biofilters and offers the possibility of optimizing its global performance and achieving a resilient technology.
A Study on the Mechanism of Lavender in the Treatment of Insomnia Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Wang Yao , Zou Junbo , Jia Yanzhuo , Liang Yulin , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Chang-Li , Wang Xiao , Guo Dongyan , Shi Yajun , Yang Ming 
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:
The common disease of insomnia has complex and diverse clinical
manifestations. Lavender represents an effective treatment of insomnia, but the molecular
mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this treatment is not clear. The purpose of this study is
to investigate the active components, target proteins and molecular pathways of lavender in the
treatment of insomnia, thus explaining its possible mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
Firstly, 54 active components of lavender were identified by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The target protein of lavender was predicted by the
Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database and Analysis Platform and the
SwissTargetPredicating tool, and the target protein of insomnia was predicted by the DisGeNET
and DrugBank databases. Then, the "component-target-disease" network diagram was constructed
using the Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. KEGG and GO enrichments were analyzed using the R
statistical language. Finally, the key target proteins were verified by collecting and verifying the
target protein GEO data using the Discovery Studio 3.5 molecular docking verification software.

Results:
906 target proteins of lavender were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine
System Pharmacological Database and Analysis Platform and the SwissTargetPredicating tool, and
182 insomnia target proteins were predicted by the DisGeNET and DrugBank databases. The
results of GO enrichment analysis showed that it included the reaction process of ammonium ion,
the regulation of the membrane potential and the secretion of catecholamine, while the results of
KEGG enrichment included the calcium signaling pathway, serotonin synapse, morphine addiction
and many more. Finally, using the Discovery Studio3.5 molecular docking verification software, it
was verified that the key target proteins are ADRB1 and HLA-DRB1.

Conclusion:
The components in the lavender essential oil include the Ethyl 2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-
2-yl)propan-2-ylcarbonate (0.774); 5-Oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane, 4,12,12-trimethyl-
9-methylene-, (1R,4R,6R,10S)-(0.147); P-Cymen-7-ol (0.063); .alpha-Humulenem (0.317);
Acetic acid, hexyl ester (1.374); etc. The role lavender plays in the treatment of insomnia might be
accomplished through the regulation of the key targets ADRB1 and HLA-DRB1.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Neonatal Sepsis by Establishing a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network
Authors: Liu Ling , Wang Hong , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Rui 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Neonatal sepsis is a serious and difficult-to-diagnose systemic infectious
disease occurring during the neonatal period.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of neonatal sepsis and explore its
underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
We downloaded the neonatal sepsis-related gene profile GSE25504 from the NCBI Gene
Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) were screened
and identified using LIMMA. Then, the functions of the DERs were evaluated using Gene
Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses.
Finally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed and functional analyses
were performed.

Results:
The initial screening identified 444 differentially expressed (DE)-mRNAs and 45 DElncRNAs.
GO analysis showed that these DE-mRNAs were involved in immune response, defense
response, and positive regulation of immune system process. KEGG analysis showed that these
DE-mRNAs were enriched in 30 activated pathways and 6 suppressed pathways, and those with
the highest scores were the IL-17 signaling pathway and ribosome. Next, 722 miRNAs associated
with the identified lncRNAs were predicted using miRWalk. A ceRNA network was constructed
that included 6 lncRNAs, 11 mRNAs, and 55 miRNAs. In this network, HCP5, LINC00638, XIST
and TP53TG1 were hub nodes. Functional analysis of this network identified some essential immune
functions, hematopoietic functions, osteoclast differentiation, and primary immunodeficiency as
associated with neonatal sepsis.

Conclusion:
HCP5, LINC00638, TP53TG1, ST20-AS1, and SERPINB9P1 may be potential
biomarkers of neonatal sepsis and may be useful for rapid diagnosis; the biological process of the
immune response was related to neonatal sepsis.
Has the Time Come to Employ Population and Individual Bioequivalence for the Evaluation of Generics?
Authors: Micheal Francis , Sayana Mohanlal , Prasad Rajendra , Motilal Balamurali Musuvathi 
Published: April 2020

Background:Bioequivalence studies are a vital part of drug development. The average bioequivalence approach is the standard method of assessment to conclude whether the generic product is bioequivalent to the innovator product. Of late, debates are on whether the average bioequivalence approach adequately addresses drug interchangeability as it considers only population mean for the evaluation especially when highly variable drug products and narrow therapeutic index drugs are dealt with. Hence, the alternative approaches like population bioequivalence and individual bioequivalence assessment approaches emerge as they consider inter/intra-subject variance and subject- by-formulation variance along with population mean.Objectives:The objective of the study was to apply different bioequivalence assessment approaches in a replicate bioequivalence study to evaluate the drug interchangeability.Methods:This was an open-label, single-dose, randomized, balanced, two-treatment, three-period, three-sequence, partial replicate crossover bioequivalence study of omeprazole enteric-coated tablet 20 mg conducted on 48 normal healthy subjects under fed conditions. The plasma concentration of omeprazole was analyzed by a validated bioanalytical method to determine the pharmacokinetic and statistical parameters to assess average bioequivalence, population bioequivalence, and individual bioequivalence.Results:In this study, test formulation was shown to be bio-inequivalent to the reference formulation by average bioequivalence, population bioequivalence, and individual bioequivalence approaches.Conclusion:The outcome of the evaluation clearly states that the bioequivalence outcome of all these approaches are the same. Obviously, it does not mean that these three approaches provide the same outcome though the consideration of variances varies. Certainly, population bioequivalence and individual bioequivalence approach will be more accurate for the assessment of drug interchangeability.
ROLE-PLAYING MODEL: IS IT EFFECTIVE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ACCOUNTING LEARNING MOTIVATION AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS?
Authors: Saptono Laurentius , Soetjipto Budi Eko , Wahjoedi Wahjoedi , Wahyono Hari 
Published: April 2020

Teachers need to organize learning that is contextual, innovative, and interesting so that students are more motivated to learn and they get better learning outcomes. The research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of role-playing model to improve the twelfth-grade social students’ learning motivation and their learning achievements on accounting subject with basic competence of practicing accounting cycles of service companies. The research was conducted with a quasi experiment for 3 public high schools in Sleman Regency. There were 206 total respondents for this research. Research data was gathered by using two methods: tests and questionnaires. Independent sample t-test was used for data analysis techniques. The result of this research showed that t-test for equality of mean of learning motivation was significant (sig. = .000 < α = .05) and learning achievement was also significant (sig. = .000 < α = .05). At the treatment class, students’ learning motivation was very high and their learning achievement was high. Thus, it was concluded that the role playing model was effective to improve the twelfth-grade social students’ learning motivation and their learning achievements on accounting subject with basic competence of practicing accounting cycles of service companies.
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL CONDITIONING ON STUDENT BASIC SKILLS GYMNASTICS
Authors: Sukamti Endang Rini , Budiarti Ratna , Nurfadhila Risti 
Published: April 2020

Physical conditioning was considered as a strong foundation for developing techniques from different fields. The aims of this study was to determine the impact of physical conditioning in parenting students or athletes gymnastic basic skills. The study was a surveyed research. The study sampling was 82 students aged between 18-19 years from Sport sciences, exactly coaching sciences. Data collection methods used checks and measurements of bio motor and gymnastic fundamental skills. Data analysis using correlation and linear regression to predict the future competence. The results showed that: there was significant correlation between the physical conditioning items and gymnastics basics skills, but there is also strong significant linear regression (p: .032<.05) from physical conditioning with basic skill of Gymnastics. The standing balance (r = .728) and broad jump (r = .751) were found more influenced for gymnastic basic skills. There was a great significant different between the pre-test and posttest gymnastic basic skills means with p value < .001. The high standard deviation between the items showed the different adaptation of the subjects according to the physical conditioning. In conclusion physical conditioning was found as parenting for developing the gymnastic basic skills.
Serious Motion-Based Exercise Games for Older Adults: Evaluation of Usability, Performance, and Pain Mitigation
Authors: Brauner Philipp , Ziefle Martina 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMany societies are facing demographic changes that challenge the viability of health and welfare systems. Serious games for health care and ambient assisted living (AAL) offer health benefits and support for older adults and may mitigate some of the negative effects of the demographic shift.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the acceptance of serious games to promote physical health in AAL environments. Since AAL environments are designed specifically to support independent living in older adults, we studied the relationship among age and user diversity, performance in the game, and overall usability and acceptance evaluation.MethodsWe developed a motion-based serious exercise game for prototypical AAL environments. In two evaluations, outside (n=71) and within (n=64) the AAL environment, we investigated the influence of age, gender, self-efficacy in interacting with technology, need for achievement on performance, effect of the game, usability evaluation of the game, and overall acceptance.ResultsBoth games were evaluated as easy to use and fun to play. Both game interventions had a strong pain-mitigating effect in older adults (game 1: −55%, P=.002; game 2: −66%, P=.01).ConclusionsSerious exercise games outside and inside AAL environments can contribute to individuals’ health and well-being and to the stability of health care systems.
Efficacy of a Theory-Based Cognitive Behavioral Technique App-Based Intervention for Patients With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rajabi Majd Nilofar , Broström Anders , Ulander Martin , Lin Chung-Ying , Griffiths Mark D , Imani Vida , Ahorsu Daniel Kwasi , Ohayon Maurice M , Pakpour Amir H 
Published: April 2020

Background
Sleep hygiene is important for maintaining good sleep and reducing insomnia.

Objective
This study examined the long-term efficacy of a theory-based app (including cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], theory of planned behavior [TPB], health action process approach [HAPA], and control theory [CT]) on sleep hygiene among insomnia patients.

Methods
The study was a 2-arm single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT). Insomnia patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group that used an app for 6 weeks (ie, CBT for insomnia [CBT-I], n=156) or a control group that received only patient education (PE, n=156) through the app. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention. Primary outcomes were sleep hygiene, insomnia, and sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included attitudes toward sleep hygiene behavior, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, action and coping planning, self-monitoring, behavioral automaticity, and anxiety and depression. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the magnitude of changes in outcomes between the two groups and across time.

Results
Sleep hygiene was improved in the CBT-I group compared with the PE group (P=.02 at 1 month, P=.04 at 3 months, and P=.02 at 6 months) as were sleep quality and severity of insomnia. Mediation analyses suggested that perceived behavioral control on sleep hygiene as specified by TPB along with self-regulatory processes from HAPA and CT mediated the effect of the intervention on outcomes.

Conclusions
Health care providers might consider using a CBT-I app to improve sleep among insomnia patients.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03605732; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03605732
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Refractory CIDP With or Without IgG4 Autoantibodies (RECIPE): Protocol for a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shimizu Shinobu , Iijima Masahiro , Fukami Yuki , Tamura Natsuko , Nakatochi Masahiro , Ando Masahiko , Nishi Ryoji , Koike Haruki , Kaida Kenichi , Koga Michiaki , Kanda Takashi , Ogata Hidenori , Kira Jun-Ichi , Mori Masahiro , Kuwabara Satoshi , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: April 2020

Background
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy that is currently classified into several clinical subtypes, which are presumed to have different pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, studies identified a subgroup of patients with CIDP who were positive for IgG4 autoantibodies against paranodal proteins, such as neurofascin-155 and contactin-1, who respond poorly to first-line therapies for typical CIDP, including intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous rituximab according to IgG4 autoantibody status in patients with refractory CIDP.

Methods
The Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Refractory CIDP Patients with IgG4 Autoantibodies in the Exploratory Clinical (RECIPE) trial consists of 2 cohorts: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized study cohort of 15 patients with IgG4 autoantibody-positive CIDP (rituximab:placebo = 2:1) and an open-label trial cohort of 10 patients with antibody-negative CIDP. The primary endpoint is improvement in functional outcome assessed using the adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Disability Scale score at 26, 38, or 52 weeks after the start of treatment with rituximab in patients with CIDP and anti-paranodal protein antibodies. Secondary outcome measures include grip strength, manual muscle testing sum scores, results of nerve conduction studies, and other functional scales.

Results
We plan to enroll 25 cases for the full analysis set. Recruitment is ongoing, with 14 patients enrolled as of January 2020. Enrollment will close in September 2020, and the study is planned to end in December 2021.

Conclusions
This randomized controlled trial will determine if rituximab is safe and effective in patients with anti-paranodal antibodies. An open-label study will provide additional data on the effects of rituximab in patients with antibody-negative CIDP. The results of the RECIPE trial are expected to provide evidence for the positioning of rituximab as a pathogenesis-based therapeutic for refractory CIDP.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03864185, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03864185 ; The Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCT2041180037, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2041180037

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/17117
PRACTICES AND PERCEPTION OF NIGERIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: ABUBAKAR USMAN 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Community pharmacists have an important role in promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics. There is a paucity of data describing the contributions of community pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in Nigeria. This study evaluated the practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards ASP.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists in two cities in Northern Nigeria: Minna and Kaduna, using a 30-item validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Data collected between April and May 2019 and analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Of 130 community pharmacists, 98 completed and returned the questionnaire (response rate: 75.3%). More than 90% strongly agreed/agreed that ASP is important to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, improve patient’s clinical outcomes. However, lack of training (56.1%), lack of cooperation from physicians (61.2%) and lack of access to patient records (66.8%) were identified as barriers to community pharmacists’ involvement in ASP. Overall, community pharmacists had good practices (median score: 3.5; IQR: 1–5) and positive perceptions (median score: 4.0; IQR: 3–5) towards ASP. Job status and dispensing antibiotics without prescription were significantly associated with practice, while age and job status were associated with perception towards ASP.
Conclusion: Community pharmacists demonstrated good practices and positive perceptions towards ASP. However, lack of training and lack of cooperation from prescribers limit their involvement in the program. Training of community pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship and inter-professional collaboration are recommended.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN MICROEMULSION FORMULATION
Authors: KAUR PALAKDEEP , KUMAR MOHIT , MANDAL UTTAM KUMAR 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The present study deals with the development, validation and application of a simple, precise and accurate HPLC method for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil in pharmaceutical formulations and microemulsions.
Methods: In this method, a simple isocratic mobile phase composition of methanol and water (75:25 v/v) pumped at 1 ml/minute flow rate through Phenomenex C18 column (dimension: 250 4.6 mm and 5 µm particle size) was used. Injection volume was 20 µl and analysis of mycophenolate mofetil was carried out at 250 nm.
Results: The coefficient of regression was found to be 0.9996, indicating the linearity of the developed method within a range of 0.1 to 10 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantization (LOQ) were found to be 3.660ng/ml and 11.091ng/ml, respectively. The results showed that % deviation for change in compositions of the mobile phase, flow rate and temperature was within a range of-5.51 to 10.99%,-3.70 to 8.80% and-5.29 to 10.90%, respectively. The method seemed sensitive to change of temperature (±5 ○C) and methanol composition (±2%) as the results were at the boundary limit of 10% deviation.
Conclusion: A simple, precise and accurate HPLC method for the determination of drug content from microemulsion has been developed and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines.
The critical thinking skills of biology teacher candidates toward the ethical issues
Authors: Maryuningsih Yuyun , Hidayat Topik , Riandi R. , Rustaman Nuryani Y. 
Published: April 2020

The critical thinking skills are needed by biology teacher candidates to deal with the nowadays ethical issues arisen among society. The aim of this research was to observe the critical thinking skills of biology teacher candidates toward the ethical issues especially in genetic field through online discussion. The subjects of this experimental research were 104 biology teacher candidates who took the Genetics Course in an institution in West Java. The subject were devided into three groups consisted of two experimental groups and one control group which conducted online discussion by using Gen-21cs application. The experimental groups discussed the topics given by the both instructor and students, while the control group only discussed the topics given by the instructor. The topics discussed were cell cloning, Genetically Engineered Products, stemcell and inbreeding. The online discussions have been done for four weeks. The biology teacher candidate responses were measured using the critica thinking measurement developed by Facione.The critical thinking scores gained were analyzed using descriptive statistic in term of mean. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of the biology teacher candidates tended to increase in each discussion sessions. Online discussion can be used to ensure the other thinking skills.