bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TheDrosophilaseminal Sex Peptide can associate with rival as well as own sperm and provide function for SP in polyandrous females
Authors: Misra Snigdha , Wolfner Mariana F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn populations in which females tend to mate with more than one male, sperm competition and cryptic female choice can occur, triggering biases in sperm use and influencing males’ paternity share outcome of the mating. This competition occurs in the context of molecules and cells of male and female working interdependently towards the common goal of optimal fertilization. For example, a male’s seminal fluid molecules modify the female’s physiology to increase reproductive success. However, since some of these modifications induce long-term changes in female physiology, this can indirectly benefit rival males. Indeed, rival males can tailor their ejaculates accordingly, minimizing the energy cost of mating. Here we investigate the direct benefits that seminal fluid proteins from an ejaculate of one male can confer to sperm of a rival. We report that Sex Peptide (SP) that a female receives from one male can bind to sperm from a prior mate, that were already stored in the female. Moreover, the second male’s SP can restore fertility and facilitate efficient sperm release or utilization of sperm received from the first male that had been stored in the female. Thus, SP from one male can directly benefit another and as such is a key molecular component in the process of inter-ejaculate interaction.
Enhancing GABAergic Tone in the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Reconfigures Sensorimotor Neural Activity
Authors: Sammons Joshua D. , Bass Caroline E. , Victor Jonathan D. , Di Lorenzo Patricia M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRecent work has shown that most cells in the rostral, gustatory portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) in awake, freely licking rats show lick-related firing. However, the relationship between taste-related and lick-related activity in rNTS remains unclear. Here, we tested if GABA-derived inhibitory activity regulates the balance of lick- and taste-driven neuronal activity. Combinatorial viral tools were used to restrict expression of ChR2-EYFP to GAD1+ GABAergic neurons. Viral infusions were bilateral in rNTS. 2-4wks later, an optical fiber attached to 8-16 drivable microwires was implanted into the rNTS. After recovery, water-deprived rats were presented with taste stimuli in an experimental chamber. Trials were 5 consecutive taste licks [NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, sucrose, MSG/IMP, citric acid, quinine, or artificial saliva (AS)] separated by 5 AS licks on a VR5 schedule. Each taste lick triggered a 1s train of laser light (25Hz; 473nm; 8-10mW) in a random half of the trials. In all, 113 cells were recorded in the rNTS, 50 responded to one or more taste stimuli without GABA enhancement. Selective changes in response magnitude (spike count) within cells shifted across unit patterns but preserved inter-stimulus relationships. Cells where enhanced GABAergic tone increased lick coherence conveyed more information distinguishing basic taste qualities and different salts than other cells. In addition, GABA activation significantly amplified the amount of information that discriminated palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. By dynamically regulating lick coherence and remodeling the across-unit response patterns to taste, enhancing GABAergic tone in rNTS reconfigures the neural activity reflecting sensation and movement.Significance StatementThe rostral nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) is the first structure in the central gustatory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings from the rNTS in awake, freely-licking animals show that cells in this area have lick- as well as taste-related activity, but the relationship between these characteristics is not well understood. Here, we showed evidence that GABA activation can dynamically regulate both of these two properties in rNTS cells to enhance the information conveyed, especially about palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. These data provide insights into the role of inhibitory activity in the rNTS.
Building a robust chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) method with substantially improved efficiency
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Li Hongyan , Jia Yaqi , Wen Xuejing , Guo Huiyan , Xu Hongyun , Wang Yucheng 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTChromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is the gold-standard method to detect the interactions between proteins and chromatin, and is a powerful tool to identify epigenetic modifications. Although ChIP protocols for plant species have been developed, many specific features of plants, especially woody plants, still hinder the efficiency of immunoprecipitation, resulting inefficient ChIP enrichment. There is an active demand for a highly efficient ChIP protocol. In the present study, we employedBetula platyphylla(birch) andArabidopsis thalianaas the research materials, and five factors closely associated with ChIP efficiency were identified, including crosslinking, chromatin concentration using centrifugal filter, using new immunoprecipitation buffer, rescue DNA with proteinase K, and using sucrose to increase immunoprecipitation efficiency. Optimization of any these factors can significantly improve ChIP efficiency. Considering these factors together, a robust ChIP protocol was developed, for which the average fold enrichments were 16.88 and 6.43 fold of that gained using standard ChIP in birch and Arabidopsis, respectively. As this built ChIP method works well in both birch and Arabidopsis, it should be also suitable for other woody and herbaceous species. In addition, this ChIP method make it is possible to detect low-abundance TF-DNA interactions, and may extend the application of ChIP in plant kingdom.One sentence summaryBuilding a ChIP method that increases fold enrichment of birch by 16 folds in average and is adapted for both woody and herbaceous plants.
Notch Signaling Commits Mesoderm to the Cardiac Lineage
Authors: Bardot Evan S. , Jadhav Bharati , Wickramasinghe Nadeera , Rezza Amélie , Rendl Michael , Sharp Andrew J. , Dubois Nicole C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring development multiple progenitor populations contribute to the formation of the four-chambered heart and its diverse lineages. However, the underlying mechanisms that result in the specification of these progenitor populations are not yet fully understood. We have previously identified a population of cells that gives rise selectively to the heart ventricles but not the atria. Here, we have used this knowledge to transcriptionally profile subsets of cardiac mesoderm from the mouse embryo and have identified an enrichment for Notch signaling components in ventricular progenitors. Using directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, we next investigated the role of Notch in cardiac mesoderm specification in a temporally controlled manner. We show that transient Notch induction in mesoderm increases cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency, while maintaining cardiomyocytes in an immature state. Finally, our data suggest that Notch interacts with WNT to enhance commitment to the cardiac lineage. Overall, our findings support the notion that key signaling events during early heart development are critical for proper lineage specification and provide evidence for early roles of Notch and WNT during mouse and human heart development.Summary statementEarly fate decisions are dictated by the embryonic signaling environment. We show that Notch signaling is active during early mouse development and that activating Notch in human cardiac mesoderm enhances cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency.
Cerebellar theta and beta noninvasive stimulation rhythms differentially influence episodic memory versus language
Authors: Dave Shruti , VanHaerents Stephen , Voss Joel L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cerebellum is thought to interact with distributed brain networks to support cognitive abilities such as episodic memory and language. Episodic memory and language networks have been associated with distinct endogenous oscillatory activity frequency bands: theta (∼3-8 Hz) versus beta (∼13-30 Hz), respectively. We sought to test whether it is possible to toggle cerebellar participation in episodic memory versus language by noninvasively stimulating with theta versus beta rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cerebellar theta stimulation improved episodic memory encoding but did not influence neural signals of language processing, whereas beta stimulation of the same cerebellar location increased neural signals of language processing but did not influence episodic memory encoding. This constitutes evidence for double-dissociation of cerebellar contributions to language versus episodic memory based on stimulation frequency pattern, supporting the hypothesis that the cerebellum can be biased to support these distinct cognitive abilities at the command of network-specific rhythmic activity.
PAG1 directs SRC-family kinase intracellular localization to mediate receptor tyrosine kinase-induced differentiation
Authors: Foltz Lauren , Palacios-Moreno Juan , Mayfield Makenzie , Kinch Shelby , Dillon Jordan , Syrenne Jed , Levy Tyler , Grimes Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAll receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate similar downstream signaling pathways through a common set of effectors, yet it is not fully understood how different receptors elicit distinct cellular responses to cause cell proliferation, differentiation, or other cell fates. We tested the hypothesis that regulation of SRC Family Kinase (SFK) signaling by the scaffold protein, PAG1, influences cell fate decisions following RTK activation. We generated a neuroblastoma cell line expressing a PAG1 fragment that lacks the membrane spanning domain (PAG1™-) and localized to the cytoplasm. PAG1™-cells exhibited higher amounts of active SFKs and increased growth rate. PAG1™-cells were unresponsive to TRKA and RET signaling, two RTKs that induce neuronal differentiation, but retained responses to EGFR and KIT. Under differentiation conditions, PAG1™-cells continued to proliferate and did not extend neurites or increase β-III tubulin expression. FYN and LYN were sequestered in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and dramatically more FYN and LYN were in the lumen of MVBs in PAG1™-cells. In particular, activated FYN was sequestered in PAG1™-cells, suggesting that disruption of FYN localization led to the observed defects in differentiation. The results demonstrate that PAG1 directs SFK intracellular localization to control activity and to mediate signaling by RTKs that induce neuronal differentiation.
An asymmetry in the frequency and position of mitosis in the epiblast precedes gastrulation and suggests a role for mitotic rounding in cell delamination during primitive streak epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Despin-Guitard Evangéline , Mathiah Navrita , Stower Matthew , Nahaboo Wallis , Eski Elif Sema , Singh Sumeet Pal , Srinivas Shankar , Migeotte Isabelle 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe epiblast, a pseudostratified epithelium, is the precursor for the three main germ layers required for body shape and organogenesis: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. At gastrulation, a subpopulation of epiblast cells constitutes a transient posteriorly located structure called the primitive streak, where cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition make up the mesoderm and endoderm lineages.In order to observe the behavior of individual cells, epiblast cells were labeled ubiquitously or in a mosaic fashion using fluorescent membrane reporters. The cell shapes of individual cells and the packing and behaviour of neighbouring cells during primitive streak formation were recorded through live time-lapse imaging. Posterior epiblast displayed a higher frequency of rosettes, a signature of cell rearrangements, prior to primitive streak initiation. A third of rosettes were associated with a central cell undergoing mitosis. Interestingly, cells at the primitive streak, in particular delaminating cells, underwent mitosis twice more frequently than other epiblast cells, suggesting a role for cell division in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Pseudostratified epithelia are characterized by interkinetic nuclear migration, where mitosis occurs at the apical side of the epithelium. However, we found that exclusively on the posterior side of the epiblast, mitosis was not restricted to the apical side. Non-apical mitosis was apparent as early as E5.75, just after the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis, and prior to initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Non-apical mitosis was associated with primitive streak morphogenesis, as it occurred specifically in the streak even when ectopically located. Most non-apical mitosis resulted in one or two daughter cells leaving the epiblast layer to become mesoderm. Furthermore, in contrast to what has been described in other pseudostratified epithelia such as neuroepithelium, the majority of cells dividing apically detached completely from the basal pole in the epiblast.Cell rearrangement associated with mitotic cell rounding in the posterior epiblast during gastrulation, in particular when it occurs on the basal side, might thus facilitate cell ingression through the PS and transition to a mesenchymal phenotype.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and early onset schizophrenia: two clinical cases
Authors: Martin Ann Marie , Stavropoulos Katherine , Blacher Jan 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Historically, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were sometimes diagnosed with schizophrenia or major psychosis. Although significant advancements in the process of differential diagnosis have been made since 1950s, there still exists a problematic delay in diagnosis due to overlap of symptoms. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia can mimic the social difficulties and stereotyped behaviors characteristic of ASD, whereas positive symptoms of schizophrenia can be perceived as restricted and repetitive behaviors, complicating the diagnostic process. The purpose of this paper is to present two clinical cases that highlight the complexities in differential diagnosis of early psychosis, schizophrenia and ASD.

Design/methodology/approach
Two females, 14 and 16 years of age, were referred to a free screening clinic in Southern California to be assessed for possible ASD. Both females were referred because of the presentation of restricted and repetitive behaviors and social communication difficulties. Both females and their families were administered a battery of measures to ascertain the youths’ cognitive functioning, adaptive living skills and severity of autism-related behaviors.

Findings
The 14-year-old presented with early-stage (prodromal or at-risk mental state) psychosis; 16-year-old met criteria for schizophrenia. Both were referred to clinics specializing in treatment for psychosis and/or schizophrenia. Neither met criteria for ASD.

Originality/value
More published studies are needed on the overlap of symptoms between ASD and schizophrenia to help prevent diagnostic overshadowing of autistic symptoms and promote treatment during the early stages of psychosis. This is particularly important given the strong evidence that early treatment for psychosis improves social, cognitive and functional outcomes.
Do wine buyers behave differently in brick and mortar vs online stores?
Authors: Higuet Marguerite , Remaud Hervé 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo measure the extent to which wine buyers behave differently when purchasing wine online vs in two brick and mortar stores. The article aims to extend the use of the Double Jeopardy principle and empirical-based methodology to the wine category in a European retailing context.Design/methodology/approachCustomer loyalty data of two brick and mortar stores and the website orders of a Belgian retailer have been gathered for a one-year period. Data have been analysed based on three specific wine attributes: country of origin, grape variety and brand. Double Jeopardy measurements have been calculated for each of these attributes.FindingsThis study enlarges the scope of use of the Dirichlet principles. All three hypotheses derived from the Double Jeopardy patterns across all attributes are confirmed. From the perspective of these principles, we demonstrated that wine buyers do not behave differently in brick and mortar vs online stores.Originality/valueVery few studies have analysed and understood wine buyers' behaviour using actual purchasing data from retail stores, and none have been released comparing online and brick and mortar stores owned by the same retail brand. From that perspective, our study demystifies the way people really buy, and confirms what has been found in other product categories.
The effectiveness of quality awards on the company's performance – the case of Iran's national quality awards
Authors: Safari Hossein , Razghandi Elham , Fathi Mohammad Reza , Cruz-Machado Virgilio , Cabrita Maria do Rosário 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between getting quality awards by companies and their financial performance in Iran's business.Design/methodology/approachIn the first step, the relationship between awards scores and financial performance by canonical correlation analysis was examined. Then, binary and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the degree of impact of each financial performance measure on getting quality awards. Finally, two forecasting functions were explored: the probability of achieving quality awards and the probability of achieving different levels of these awards.FindingsBased on the analyzed data of 112 companies through canonical correlation analysis, there was a weak relationship between financial performance and getting quality awards. Also, by using logistic regression, no result was found to prove the impact of financial performance measures on getting Iran's national quality awards. It can be concluded that conceptually, deployment of excellence organizational models will not result in favorable outcomes, especially in the financial scope. Also, practically, excellence models have not been well deployed in Iranian companies, or these models do not fit to Iran's business environment. Organizational culture may not be consistent with quality.Originality/valueQuality awards are given to qualified companies following the establishment of models of excellence such as the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM). The main novelty of this research is to clarify the relationship between getting quality awards by companies and their financial performance in Iran's business.
CEO narcissism, CEO duality, TMT agreeableness and firm performance
Authors: Uppal Nishant 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) narcissism and firm performance. Further, it examined the moderation effects of CEO duality and top management team (TMT) and board member agreeableness on the CEO narcissism–firm performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on survey data from 373 CEOs in the automobile industry in India. The paper used mixed method research where CEO narcissism and TMT agreeableness has been measured using survey instruments, other data such as firm performance has been captured using secondary sources.FindingsThe study confirms that the relationship between CEO narcissism and firm performance is curvilinear, meaning that narcissism can positively impact firm performance to a point, but may become counter-productive or ineffective beyond that. Further, CEO duality and TMT and board member agreeableness significantly impact this relationship.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need to study how CEO behavior can affect variance in firm performance. The authors discuss theoretical and practical implications and offer suggestions for future research.
Leaders influencing innovation
Authors: Hoang Giang , Wilson-Evered Elisabeth , Lockstone-Binney Leonie 
Published: February 2020

PurposeInnovation is ever more critical for sustainable business performance in the contemporary, global economic and social context. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are arguably well positioned to innovate through their potential for rapid adjustment. Although leadership and organizational climate have been identified as playing a key role in innovation, little is known about whether such influences play out in SMEs. The aim of this study is to explore how leaders shape the organizational climate of their firms to enhance innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 CEOs of SMEs in the Vietnamese tourism sector.FindingsThe findings indicate that SME leaders in the tourism sector influenced an organizational climate that provided for autonomy and supported innovation through a number of leadership approaches. They also used daily interaction-based practices to drive the innovative behaviors of employees and developed reward systems to encourage innovation in their organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explored leaders' approaches toward developing an organizational climate to stimulate innovation in tourism SMEs. Where leaders share frequent communication and knowledge with their subordinates, they perceive a climate for innovation developments, which stimulates innovation in tourism SMEs.Practical implicationsThe study provides implications for managers to improve creativity and innovation in firms through the development of reward and incentive systems along with leadership and team development programs.Originality/valueThis study describes how different leader approaches affect innovation through orientating the organizational climate and business processes within their firms toward encouraging staff to initiate and try out new ideas.
Balancing academia and family life
Authors: Ren Xiaoni , Caudle Darren John 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to explore and compare academics’ experiences of managing work-life balance (WLB) in the British and Chinese contexts. The authors have three specific purposes. Firstly, to investigate whether there are marked gender differences in either context, given female and male academics’ work is considered fully comparable. Secondly, to examine contextual factors contributing to gender differences that influence and shape decisions in WLB and career paths. Thirdly, to explore the gendered consequences and implications.Design/methodology/approachA cross-national and multilevel analytical approach to WLB was chosen to unpick and explore gender land contextual differences and their influence on individual academics’ coping strategies. To reflect the exploratory nature of uncovering individual experience and perceptions, the authors used in-depth, semi-structured interviews. In total, 37 academics participated in the study, comprised of 18 participants from 6 universities in the UK and 19 participants from 6 universities in China.FindingsThis study reveals gendered differences in both the British and Chinese contexts in three main aspects, namely, sourcing support; managing emotions; and making choices, but more distinct differences in the latter context. Most significantly, it highlights that individual academics’ capacity in cultivating and using coping strategies was shaped simultaneously by multi-layered factors at the country level, the HE institutional level and the individual academics’ level.Originality/valueVery few cross-cultural WLB studies explore gender differences. This cross-national comparative study is of particular value in making the “invisible visible” in terms of the gendered nature of choices and decisions within the context of WLB. The study has significant implications for female academics exercising individual scope in carving out a career, and for academic managers and institutions, in terms of support, structure and policy.