bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Instagram and photograph editing on seeking dermatologic care
Authors: Martel Julianna , Powell Emily , Murina Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhotograph editing has become popular for individuals using social media like Instagram. However, it is unknown if the use of social media and photograph editing applications by young adults has an association with seeking dermatologic care.AimsTo assess the frequency of photograph editing among a cohort of young adults using Instagram and the association with seeking dermatologic care.MethodsA population‐based survey was administered to undergraduate students from April 2019 to May 2019 through an online platform.ResultsOf the 257 responses, 228 (88.7%) reported that they edited a photograph prior to posting on Instagram. Of those who reported editing a photograph, 145 (63.6%) edited a skin lesion, 104 (45.6%) whitened teeth, and 70 (30.7%) altered the size of their body. Of those who edited skin lesions, 128 (88.3%) edited acne/acne scars. Those who felt the editing made them more aware of their skin lesions were significantly more likely to feel they needed to see a dermatologist (P = .02, 95% CI).ConclusionPhotograph editing is common among young adults using Instagram, especially in individuals with acne/acne scars. The effect of this behavior may be a motivating factor for individuals seeking dermatologic care.
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Candida albicans Biofilm on Poly(methylmethacrylate) Resin
Authors: Binns Randold , Li Wei , Wu Christine D. , Campbell Stephen , Knoernschild Kent , Yang Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of 254‐nm ultraviolet light on the viability of Candida albicans biofilm on poly(methylmethacrylate).MethodsPoly(methylmethacrylate) specimens (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm) were placed in 6‐well culture plates. Each well contained 8 ml of 104 colony forming units/milliliter of C. albicans ATCC90028 and Sabouraud dextrose broth. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens were then divided into 11 groups (n = 4): no treatment control groups, 3.8% sodium perborate immersion for 5 minutes (PP5m) and for 12 hours (PO12h), and 6 groups exposed to ultraviolet light for 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 or 300 seconds separately using UVP XX‐15S series lamps. After sonication, cell suspensions were plated, and colony‐forming units were counted. The relationship between survival of C. albicans and ultraviolet light irradiation energy exposure was analyzed and compared to the survival of sodium perborate groups. The effect of disinfection treatments and ultraviolet light energy exposure on C. albicans survival was analyzed with ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).ResultsThere was a significant decrease in C. albicans survival with increasing ultraviolet light energy exposure (p = 0.00001, p < 0.05) Survival vs. immersion exposure time analysis of chemical disinfection showed no survival of C. albicans in groups PP5m and PO12h. C. albicans in the UV 300s group with energy of 210 mJ/cm2 (71 CFU/ml) showed a statistical difference from that of two chemical immersion groups (PP5m, PO12h = 0 CFU/ml) (p = 0.00001, p < 0.05).ConclusionUltraviolet 254 nm irradiation demonstrated a significant inhibition of C. albicans survival on poly(methylmethacrylate) samples. Ultraviolet light exposure of 300 seconds inhibited the survival of C. albicans close to the level of 3.8% sodium perborate treatment.
The effects of dietary medium‐chain fatty acids on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in vitro and in vivo: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yanza Yulianri Rizki , Szumacher‐Strabel Małgorzata , Jayanegara Anuraga , Kasenta Andre Meiditama , Gao Min , Huang Haihao , Patra Amlan Kumar , Warzych Ewelina , Cieślak Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of methane (CH4) suppression using medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA) remains inconclusive, despite a number of studies on this topic are available. We thus carried out a meta‐analysis to integrate the published data on different concentrations and types of MCFA such as lauric acid and myristic acid, which investigated ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro MCFA sources were classified either as pure MCFA (lauric acid, myristic acid and their combinations) or as natural MCFA‐rich oils (canola oil enriched with lauric acids, coconut oil, krabok oil and palm kernel oil). The MCFA sources used in the in vivo studies were coconut oil, lauric acid, myristic acid and the combination of lauric and myristic acids. A total of 41 studies (20 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies) were compiled in our database, which included the data on CH4emission, digestibility, ruminal fermentation products and microbial populations. The results showed that the amount of CH4production per unit of digested organic matter decreased linearly under in vitro conditions (p< .01) and tended to decrease quadratically under in vivo conditions (p< .07) with increasing doses of MCFA. Populations of protozoa (p< .01) in both in vitro and in vivo responded negatively in a linear manner, whereasArchaeapopulation diminished quadratically (p= .04) only in the in vitro conditions with increasing doses of MCFA. Increasing dietary MCFA concentrations also reduced the fibre digestibility linearly (p< .05) in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. CH4production for different sources of MCFA decreased in following order: coconut oil > lauric acid > myristic acid > mixed lauric and myristic acids > palm kernel oil > canola oil enriched with lauric acids > krabok oil. It can be concluded that the effect of MCFA on ruminal methanogenesis depends on the amount and type of MCFA.
Employees' experiences of education and knowledge in intellectual disability practice
Authors: Olsson Sylvia , Gustafsson Christine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe value of support, service, and care in intellectual disability (ID) practice is linked to the competence of the professional caregivers. The quality of work is affected by the level of education of healthcare employees involved.Specific AimsThis study aimed to collect data on how employees perceive their education and training in ID practice and how educational programs prepare them for their working environment.MethodsWe used a quantitative approach to investigate how employees reflect on their knowledge about ID and other disabilities and the sources of such knowledge. A total of 262 employees engaged in ID practice completed an online survey.FindingsThe results indicated that education significantly influenced the participants' knowledge level, and highly specific education (i.e., workplace training) can substitute for work experience in ID practice. The authors conclude that all workplaces should examine their employees' skills regularly from the viewpoint of fulfilling the needs of people with ID.DiscussionBased on the results, it can be concluded that employees in ID practice need specific knowledge through workplace training (i.e., through hands‐on practice at the workplace). Competence development in the form of workplace training is needed to upskill the staff and possibly increases employees' participation at work.
Effects of dobutamine on cardiovascular function and oxygen delivery in standing horses
Authors: Meier Merit , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula , Schwarzwald Colin Claudio , Portier Karine , Gysler Annette , Ringer Simone Katja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDobutamine is routinely used to improve cardiovascular function in anaesthetized horses. However, dobutamine in conscious horses is insufficiently investigated. Ten research horses that were already instrumented for a preceding trial were included into the study. Cardiovascular variables were recorded and blood samples taken after instrumentation (Baseline), before starting dobutamine and after 10 min of dobutamine infusion (2 µg kg−1 min−1). A significant increase in systemic blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and right atrial pressure, and a decrease in heart rate were observed with dobutamine compared with baseline measurements. Arterial and mixed venous haemoglobin and oxygen content, as well as mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen increased. No significant changes in cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, or oxygen consumption, delivery and extraction ratio were detected.Concluding, dobutamine increased systemic blood pressure without detectable changes in stroke volume, cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance in conscious horses.
‘Success in Britain comes with an awful lot of small print’: Greg Rusedski and the precarious performance of national identity
Authors: Black Jack , Fletcher Thomas , Lake Robert J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSport continues to be one of the primary means through which notions of Englishness and Britishness are constructed, contested, and resisted. The legacy of the role of sport in the colonial project of the British Empire, combined with more recent connections between sport and far right fascist/nationalist politics, has made the association between Britishness, Englishness, and ethnic identity(ies) particularly intriguing. In this paper, these intersections are explored through British media coverage of the Canadian‐born, British tennis player, Greg Rusedski. This coverage is examined through the lens of ‘performativity,’ as articulated by Judith Butler. Through a critical application of Butler's ideas, the ways in which the media seek to recognise and normalise certain identities, while problematising and excluding others, can be more fully appreciated. Thus, it was within newspaper framings of Rusedski that hegemonic notions of White Englishness could be performed, maintained, and embedded.
Two cases of COVID‐19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern
Authors: Azzi Lorenzo , Carcano Giulio , Dalla Gasperina Daniella , Sessa Fausto , Maurino Vittorio , Baj Andreina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report two cases of COVID‐19 showing negative respiratory swabs but positive salivary samples at the same time. These findings rise the concern about how to manage these patients before hospital discharging, thus avoiding contagion among their family members or a second coronavirus wave once the lockdown is over.
Oxidative stress, neutrophil elastase and IGFBP7 levels in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Aral Cüneyt Asım , Ölçer Sude Nur , Aral Kübra , Kapila Yvonne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study focused on investigating levels of oxidative stress, neutrophil elastase (NE), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in oropharyngeal cancers (OC) with the presence and absence of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsA healthy non‐periodontitis group (H‐NP; n = 20), a systemically healthy chronic periodontitis group (H‐P; n = 20), a non‐periodontitis group with OC (OC‐NP; n = 12), and a chronic periodontitis group with OC (OC‐P; n = 16) formed the study groups. The levels of NE and IGFBP7 were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva. In addition, oxidative status was determined by evaluating total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and OSI (TOS/TAS).ResultsGingival crevicular fluid NE was higher in all the groups compared with the H‐NP group (p < .01). Salivary NE was higher in the OC‐P and H‐P groups compared with the H‐NP and OC‐NP groups (p < .05). Salivary IGFBP7 was significantly higher in the OC‐NP and OC‐P groups compared with the H‐NP and H‐P groups (p < .001). GCF TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in all groups compared with the H‐NP group (p < .05).ConclusionsGingival crevicular fluid NE levels were lower in healthy conditions compared with periodontal disease and OC. Salivary NE levels were higher in periodontal disease compared to states with no periodontal disease. Salivary IGFBP7 levels were higher in OC. Further analyses may help determine whether high salivary IGFBP7 levels distinguish OC from healthy conditions.
Procedure for Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures using the “Three‐Finger Method” Assisted by Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation
Authors: Cheng, MD Qian , Lin, BM Li , Zhu, MD Xiao‐dong , Li, MD Gui‐zhu , Gao, BM Xiao‐ming , Qian, BM Yao , Zhao, MD Guo‐yang , Di, MD Dong‐hua 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo assess long‐term follow‐up evaluations for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with the “three‐finger method” assisted by proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA).MethodsFrom January 2010 to January 2017, 123 patients were selected and followed for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA assisted by the “three‐finger method” (application of the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger in the process of surgery to assist PFNA). There were 56 male patients and 67 female patients aged 52–93 years with an average age of 75.6 years, and 88 cases were due to a fall and 35 due to a traffic accident injury. The femoral necks were fixed with PFNA assisted by the “three‐finger method” applying the following procedure: traction reduction, determining the incision, inserting the needle, and placing screw. The Harris hip score, postoperative complications, hip pain and function status were statistically analyzed to evaluate the surgical efficacy and to discuss the surgical technique of the “three‐finger method” assisted by PFNA.ResultsAccording to the Harris scoring criteria, patients were followed for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 years, and the good outcomes of patients were recorded. The excellent and good rate of 87% was the highest in the second year of follow‐up. Then, the rate decreased following the eighth year of follow‐up. The excellent and good rate of 82.7% was the lowest. The patients with incisions healed well, there were no instances of fat liquefaction or infection. There were three cases of effusion, the rate was 2.4%. The secretions were cultured, and no bacterial growth was found. After treatment of the wound, it healed, and the spiral blade used for the femoral head did not wear out. There was one case of femoral head necrosis. There was no significant correlation between hip pain and sex and age (P > 0.05), and the function of the hip joint was significantly correlated with the age of the patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe “three‐finger method” in the process of surgery to assist PFNA for the treatment of patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur simplified the operation steps, reduced the operation difficulty, shortened the operation time, improved the operation efficiency, and reduced the incidence of postoperative complications.
From brooding to detachment: Rumination longitudinally predicts an increase in depersonalization and derealisation
Authors: Vannikov‐Lugassi Miriam , Shalev Hadar , Soffer‐Dudek Nirit 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesDepersonalization–derealization (DEP‐DER) is a dissociative experience which is related to psychopathology and distress. Yet, the aetiological factors leading to DEP‐DER are not sufficiently clear. In this study, we suggest rumination as one possible antecedent. Thus, the goal of the study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between rumination and DEP‐DER.DesignLongitudinal self‐report study; mixed clinical and community sample.MethodsThe study was conducted on 98 participants, 49 of them were diagnosed with depression, anxiety disorders, or obsessive–compulsive disorder, and the other 49 were healthy, matched community controls. The participants underwent a structured clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires. Then, the participants completed the same battery again once a month, for five additional assessment points (6 months in total). The data were analysed using multilevel linear modelling with time‐lag analysis.ResultsWe found that levels of rumination and DEP‐DER increased and decreased simultaneously, meaning that on assessments in which people reported that they tended to ruminate, they also reported higher levels of DEP‐DER symptoms. In addition, we found support for a unidirectional association, consistent with our theoretical hypothesis. Specifically, rumination levels on a certain month longitudinally predicted a higher likeliness for reporting DEP‐DER on the following month, even when controlling for the contemporaneous relationship. Conversely, DEP‐DER symptoms did not longitudinally predict increased rumination.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that rumination may be an antecedent of DEP‐DER, but not vice versa. Possible mechanisms to explain this link are discussed.Practitioner points

Rumination and DEP‐DER oscillate together over time; additionally, rumination predicts a longitudinal increase in DEP‐DER.

Clinicians noticing ruminative thought followed by decreased emotionality should distinguish between an authentic decrease of distress versus detachment.

The findings provide one possible explanation for the frequency of DEP‐DER symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders.

Poor sleep quality and emotion regulation difficulties should be explored as potential mediators explaining this link.
Evaluation and management of urachal remnants in children
Authors: Orbatu Dilek , Alaygut Demet 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with urachal remnants.MethodsMedical records of patients diagnosed with urachal remnants between 2015–2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, admission complaints, diagnosis, size of cysts, the complications that developed, and treatment modalities were recorded.ResultsThe study population consisted of 15 cases including seven girls. Most of the cases were asymptomatic. The urachal remnants were detected by ultrasonography. The most common symptom in symptomatic patients was abdominal pain and umbilical discharge. Three patients required surgery and most of them were conservatively followed up. Complication, infection, and bladder rupture were observed in one case.ConclusionsFollow‐up of patients with urachal remnants can be performed conservatively. The type of complaint and the presence of clinical and radiological regression (if any) are important for deciding the treatment during the follow‐up. However, conservative follow‐up is more prominent today, as shown in this study.
Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges
Authors: Moon M. Jae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGovernments are being put to the test as they struggle with the fast and wide spread of COVID‐19. This article discusses the compelling challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic by examining how this wicked problem has been managed by the South Korean government with agile‐adaptive, transparent actions to mitigate the surge of COVID‐19. Unlike many Western countries, South Korea has been able to contain the spread of COVID‐19 without a harsh forced lockdown of the epicenter of the virus. This essay argues that an agile‐adaptive approach, a policy of transparency in communicating risk, and citizens’ voluntary cooperation are critical factors. It also suggests that the South Korean government learned costly lessons from the MERS failure of 2015. This essay suggests ways that Western countries can manage future wicked problems such as COVID‐19 without paying too much cost and maintaining quality of life in open and free societies.
Improving External Validity of Epidemiologic Cohort Analyses: a Kernel Weighting Approach
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Graubard Barry I. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Li and Yan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFor various reasons, cohort studies generally forgo probability sampling required to obtain population representative samples. However, such cohorts lack population representativeness, which invalidates estimates of population prevalences for novel health factors that are only available in cohorts. To improve external validity of estimates from cohorts, we propose a kernel weighting (KW) approach that uses survey data as a reference to create pseudoweights for cohorts. A jackknife variance is proposed for the KW estimates. In simulations, the KW method outperformed two existing propensity-score-based weighting methods in mean-squared error while maintaining confidence interval coverage. We applied all methods to estimating US population mortality and prevalences of various diseases from the non-representative US National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons cohort, using the sample from the US-representative National Health Interview Survey as the reference. Assuming that the survey estimates are correct, the KW approach yielded generally less biased estimates compared with the existing propensity-score-based weighting methods.
Effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on cardiovascular risk factors and body composition
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Fernandez La Puente de Battre Maria Dolores , Reich Bernhard , Schmied Christian , Loidl Martin , Niederseer David , Niebauer Josef 
Published: April 2020

Active commuting has the potential to decrease cardiovascular risk by increasing physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, 73 hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 36% males), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) in a 2:1 fashion. The IG was further divided into a public transportation plus active commuting group (IG‐PT) and a cycling group (IG‐C). Both IGs were prompted to reach 150 min/wk of moderate intensity exercise. Daily self‐reported commuting details were verified by GPS tracking. All subjects underwent assessment of body composition, resting blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profile at the beginning and end of the study. Data for final analyses were available in 62 subjects. Commuting details indicated that the subjects randomized to IG changed their commuting habits. HbA1c decreased by 0.2% [95%CI: −0.3, −0.2] in IG‐PT but was not statistically different between groups (P = .06). LDL cholesterol decreased in IG‐C by 0.8 mmol/L [−1.1, −0.4] and by 0.6 mmol/L [−1.2, 0.1] in IG‐PT which can be considered biologically relevant but did not yield statistical significance. Body composition and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Active commuting to work for 12 months did not change body composition but yielded relevant changes in lipid profile and glycemic control. Health benefits of active commuting should be addressed by healthcare professionals when counseling individuals that seek to improve their cardiovascular risk profile.