bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation, tumour and treatment features in immigrant women from Arabic‐speaking countries treated for breast cancer in Australia
Authors: Heilat Ghaith B. , Brennan Meagan E. , Kanesalingam Kavitha , Sriram Nina , Meybodi Farid , French James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAustralia has a large population of immigrant women from Arabic‐speaking countries. The aim of this study was to examine breast cancer tumour and surgical treatment features for women born in Arabic‐speaking countries and compare them to women born in Australia and other countries. Another aim was to consider how this information can inform clinical care for this multicultural population.MethodsThis is a retrospective audit of an institutional breast cancer database. Demographic, tumour and surgical treatment data were extracted for the Arab women and compared to Australian‐born women (comparison 1) and to women born in all other countries (comparison 2); chi‐squared analysis was performed to test for differences between groups.ResultsA total of 2086 cases with country of birth information were identified, of whom 139 women (6.7%) were born in Arabic‐speaking countries, 894 (42.8%) were born in Australia and 1053 (50.4%) were born in other countries (71 nations). Arab women tended to be younger (P= 0.013), more disadvantaged (P< 0.001), were more likely to have symptomatic rather than screen‐detected breast cancer (P< 0.001), had a higher rate of high grade (P= 0.021), HER2‐positive (P= 0.025) breast cancer compared to Australian‐born women or others. There was no difference in tumour (pT) stage, rate of breast conservation versus mastectomy, re‐excision and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy between groups. Australian‐born women were more likely to undergo breast reconstruction after mastectomy (P< 0.001); reconstruction rate was >29% in all groups.ConclusionWomen born in Arabic‐speaking countries were younger, more disadvantaged and showed more aggressive tumour features. This has implications for supportive care during treatment and survivorship.
Modulation of allergic inflammation in the lung by a peptide derived from Mycobacteria tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1
Authors: Riffo‐Vasquez Yanira , Kanabar Varsha , Keir Sandra D. , e‐Lacerda Rodrigo R. , Man Francis , Jackson David J. , Corrigall Valerie , Coates Anthony R. M. , Page Clive P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that Mycobacteria tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1 inhibits leucocyte diapedesis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic lung inflammation.MethodsIn the present study, we have investigated the effect of a shorter peptide sequence derived from Cpn 60.1, named IRL201104, on allergic lung inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice and by house dust mite (HDM) in guinea pigs, as well as investigating the action of IRL201104 on human cells in vitro.ResultsPre‐treatment of mice or guinea pigs with IRL201104 inhibits the infiltration of eosinophils to the lung, cytokine release, and in guinea pig skin, inhibits allergen‐induced vascular permeability. The protective effect of intranasal IRL201104 against OVA‐induced eosinophilia persisted for up to 20 days post‐treatment. Moreover, OVA‐sensitized mice treated intranasally with 20 ng/kg of IRL201104 show a significant increase in the expression of the anti‐inflammatory molecule ubiquitin A20 and significant inhibition of the activation of NF‐κB in lung tissue. Our results also show that A20 expression was significantly reduced in blood leucocytes and ASM obtained from patients with asthma compared to cells obtained from healthy subjects which were restored after incubation with IRL201104 in vitro, when added alone, or in combination with LPS or TNF‐α in ASM.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a peptide derived from mycobacterial Cpn60.1 has a long‐lasting anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity which may help explain some of the protective effects of TB against allergic diseases.
VPS26C homozygous nonsense variant in two cousins with neurodevelopmental deficits, growth failure, skeletal abnormalities, and distinctive facial features
Authors: Beetz Christian , Ameziane Najim , Kdissa Ameni , Karageorgou Vasiliki , Bauer Peter , Suleiman Jehan , Sutton V. Reid , El‐Hattab Ayman W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this report, we describe two cousins with cognitive impairment, growth failure, skeletal abnormalities, and distinctive facial features. Genome sequencing failed to identify variants in known disease‐associated genes explaining the phenotype. Extended comprehensive analysis of the two affected cousins' genomes, however, revealed that both share the homozygous nonsense variant c.178G>T (p.Glu60*) in the VPS26C gene. This gene encodes VPS26C, a member of the retriever integral membrane protein recycling pathway. The potential vital biological role of VPS26C, the nature of the variant which is predicted to result in loss‐of‐function, expression studies revealing significant reduction in the mutant transcript, and the co‐segregation of the homozygous variant with the phenotype in two affected individuals all support that VPS26C is a novel gene associated with a previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by neurodevelopmental deficits, growth failure, skeletal abnormalities, and distinctive facial features.
Association between venous thromboembolism and acute pancreatitis: An analysis from the nationwide inpatient sample
Authors: Chung Wei‐Sheng , Lin Cheng‐Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAcute inflammation of the pancreas may trigger a systemic inflammatory response and initiate coagulation. Few studies have been conducted on the association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and acute pancreatitis (AP). We investigated the incidence and risk of VTE in patients with AP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis for the nationwide AP cohort. We identified 91 786 patients with AP and 183 557 controls who were frequency‐matched according to sex, age (5‐y interval), and index year from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2008. The patients and controls were followed until diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), death or the end of 2011.ResultsThe nationwide cohort study showed that patients with AP exhibited a higher incidence of VTE (13.1 vs 5.65 per 10 000 person‐y) than did the controls. After covariates were controlled for, the patients with AP had a 1.88‐fold higher risk of VTE than did the controls (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.88; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.68‐2.10). The incidence rates of DVT and PE were higher in the patients with AP than in the controls, irrespective of sex, age or comorbidity. The patients with AP exhibited a 1.86‐fold higher aHR of DVT (95% CI = 1.63‐2.12) and a 1.92‐fold higher aHR of PE (95% CI = 1.59‐2.31) than did the controls.ConclusionPatients with AP exhibited a significantly higher risk of VTE than did the controls.
A qualitative study of the perceived effects of alcohol on depressive symptoms among undergraduates who drink to cope with depression
Authors: Couture Marie‐Eve , Pearson Rebecca , Halloran Jacob , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsHeavy drinking is prevalent among undergraduate students and is linked with drinking to cope with depression motives for drinking. Drinking to cope with depression remains poorly understood given that alcohol has been shown to have adverse effects on mood when consumed at high doses. Using semi‐structured qualitative interviews, the present study examined the perceived effects of alcohol on depressive symptoms as reported by undergraduate students who endorse high levels of drinking to cope with depression.Design and MethodsSixteen undergraduate coping‐with‐depression‐motivated (CWDM) drinkers (nine women, seven men), identified using the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire‐Revised [1], reported on their experiences of drinking to cope with depression. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes and subthemes in the data.ResultsUndergraduate students reported several effects of alcohol on affective, cognitive and behavioural depressive symptoms. While most of the perceived alcohol effects they described involved relief from depressive symptoms, some perceived effects involved worsening depressive symptoms.Discussion and ConclusionsThe study generated several hypotheses to explain drinking to cope with depression, some of which might be testable in future experimental work. Overall, findings suggest the mood‐altering effects of alcohol do not fully explain why depression and alcohol use are frequently co‐morbid. Indeed, effects of alcohol on cognitive and behavioural depressive symptoms might be particularly reinforcing for CWDM drinkers. Interventions that target co‐morbid depression and alcohol use might be improved by teaching CWDM drinkers skills to reduce depressive cognitions and to improve interpersonal interactions outside of drinking contexts.
Local human population increase in the non‐breeding areas of long‐distance migrant bird species is only weakly associated with their declines, even for synanthropic species
Authors: Cresswell Will , Kazeh Nanchin Winifred , Patchett Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo show how recent declines in populations of long‐distance migrant birds are associated with recent increases in human population growth and agricultural intensification on their tropical non‐breeding grounds, except for synanthropic species, where we expect the reverse.LocationBreeding populations throughout Europe and North America spending the non‐breeding season throughout Africa, and Central and South America, respectively.MethodsWe mapped 50 species of long‐distance migrant birds from published tagging studies of 126 breeding populations and identified their breeding population trends from 2000 to 2015 from published Country or State census data. We then matched individual bird non‐breeding locations, from each population, to local human population change and crop yield data. We used GLMs to predict whether bird population decline was associated with human population change or crop yield and whether this was dependent on if a species was synanthropic or not, controlling for absolute human population density, breeding and non‐breeding location, migratory distance and phylogeny. We predicted that bird populations that spend the non‐breeding season in areas of recent higher human population increase or agricultural intensification (crop yield) would show greater declines, but that declines would be less for species that frequently utilize anthropogenic habitats such as secondary woodland and farmland.ResultsBird population change, even for synanthropic species, showed a significant negative relationship with relative human population change and crop yield (but this was weak, <2% and 6% of variance respectively), and this relationship was the same for the Neotropics and Africa, despite African human population change being three times larger.Main conclusionsThe results suggest that local human population change in the non‐breeding area is likely to be only a relatively minor driver of migrant declines, and its effects may be through increases in agricultural intensification reducing carrying capacity, but we currently lack local studies to confirm this.
Strategies to reduce insulin prescribing errors in UK hospitals: results from a national survey
Authors: Bain A. , Hasan S. S. , Kavanagh S. , Babar Z.‐U.‐D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo describe insulin prescribing practice in National Health Service hospitals in the UK and the current use of interventions and strategies to reduce insulin prescribing errors.MethodsWe sent a cross‐sectional questionnaire to chief pharmacists in all National Health Service hospital trusts in the UK in January 2019. Questions concerned the use and functionality of electronic and paper systems used to prescribe subcutaneous insulin, along with features and interventions designed to reduce insulin prescribing errors.ResultsNinety‐five hospital trusts responded (54%). Electronic prescribing of insulin was reported in 40% of hospitals, most of which were teaching hospitals in England. We found a wide variation in the functionality of both electronic prescribing and paper‐based systems to enable the safe prescribing of insulin for inpatients. The availability of specialist diabetes pharmacists to support the safe prescribing of insulin was low (29%), but was positively associated with the use of a greater number of insulin prescribing error reduction strategies (P=0.002). The use of specific interventions to improve insulin prescribing quality (e.g. self‐administration policies) varied greatly between respondent hospitals.ConclusionsThere is potential to optimize the functionality of both electronic and paper‐based prescribing systems to improve the safe prescribing of insulin in hospitals in the UK. The wide variation in the use of insulin error reduction strategies may be improved by the availability of specialist diabetes pharmacists who can support the implementation of insulin‐prescribing interventions.
A brown trout (Salmo trutta) population faces devastating consequences due to proliferative kidney disease and temperature increase: A case study from Austria
Authors: Waldner Karoline , Bechter Thomas , Auer Stefan , Borgwardt Florian , El‐Matbouli Mansour , Unfer Günther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProliferative kidney disease (PKD) is an emerging parasitic disease that affects wild and farmed salmonid fishes worldwide. Currently, it is widespread in Europe with records in many countries. This study assessed the status of PKD in the river Wulka, a small Austrian river, which was known to host a vital brown trout population despite having high water temperatures. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that the river was free from PKD, we observed an overall PKD prevalence of 92%. Noninfected fish were restricted to the uppermost river section. Twenty‐two out of 87 PKD‐positive fish of all age classes showed clinical signs, while five individuals exhibited signs of recovering from PKD infection. The severity of clinical signs was significantly dependent on the fish length and age, with smaller or younger individuals being more severely affected. Comparison of data from the earlier fish sampling events with those results from 2017 and 2018, together with the analyses of the pattern of water temperature since 2010, indicates that Wulka's brown trout population might become extinct in the near future.
Attitudes of dental students towards patients with special healthcare needs: Can they be improved?
Authors: Holzinger Anita , Lettner Stefan , Franz Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionLack of knowledge and skills as well as negative attitudes towards patients with special healthcare needs may adversely affect the services available to this group. In 2010, a line on the treatment of patients with special healthcare needs has been implemented in the dental curriculum at the Medical University of Vienna, including five seminars and a practical course. In this study, we examine to what extent the programme helps improve attitudes towards persons with special healthcare needs and positively impacts the readiness to engage in treating this clientele.Materials and MethodsIn 2017 and 2018, all students who were in their fourth study year participated in the study. Students' attitudes were assessed before the first seminar, after the last seminar and after the practical course. At all three time points, the same fully structured questionnaire was used, including established instruments for the assessment of emotional reactions and the desire for social distance plus ad hoc questions for assessing students' future intention to treat patients with special healthcare needs. The data were analysed by means of linear fixed models.ResultsAt the end of the line devoted to patients with special healthcare needs, students tended less to express negative emotions and showed more positive emotional reactions than before the start of the programme. However, students' social acceptance of such patients and their readiness to engage in treating them did not change significantly.DiscussionWhile our programme was able to improve students' emotional reactions to people with special healthcare needs, it proved unable to reduce the desire for social distance and to lower the barrier when it comes to treatment. It is planned to further develop our programme which, hopefully, will then succeed in increasing students’ readiness to treat this clientele.ConclusionImproving dental students' emotional reactions to patients with special healthcare needs does not necessarily translate into greater readiness to treat this clientele.
Rattus population genomics across the Haida Gwaii archipelago provides a framework for guiding invasive species management
Authors: Sjodin Bryson M. F. , Irvine Robyn L. , Ford Adam T. , Howald Gregg R. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvasive species have led to precipitous declines in biodiversity, especially in island systems. Brown (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (R. rattus) are among the most invasive animals on the planet, with eradication being the primary tool for established island populations. The need for increased research for defining eradication units and monitoring outcomes has been highlighted as a means to maximize success. Haida Gwaii is an archipelago ~100 km off the northern coast of British Columbia, Canada, that hosts globally significant breeding populations of seabirds that are at risk due to invasive rats. Here, we paired sampling of brown (n = 287) and black (n = 291) rats across the Haida Gwaii archipelago with genotyping by sequencing (10,770–27,686 SNPs) to investigate patterns of population connectivity and infer levels/direction of gene flow among invasive rat populations in Haida Gwaii. We reconstructed three regional clusters for both species (north, central and south), with proximate populations within regions being largely more related than those that were more distant, consistent with predictions from island biogeography theory. Population assignment of recently detected individuals post‐eradication on Faraday, Murchison and the Bischof Islands revealed all were re‐invaders from Lyell Island, rather than being on‐island survivors. Based on these results, we identified six eradication units constituting single or clusters of islands that would limit the potential for reinvasion, some of which will need to be combined with biosecurity measures. Overall, our results highlight the importance of targeted research prior to conducting eradications and demonstrate a framework for applying population genomics for guiding invasive species management in island systems.
Lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion in the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp model of equine laminitis
Authors: Stokes Simon M. , Bertin Francois R. , Stefanovski Darko , Belknap James K. , Medina‐Torres Carlos E. , Pollitt Christopher C. , van Eps Andrew W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperinsulinaemia is associated with the development of endocrinopathic laminitis; however, the mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectivesEvaluate the effects of hyperinsulinaemia on lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion during laminitis development.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsEight Standardbred horses were instrumented with a microdialysis probe in the lamellae of a forelimb. A 24 hours baseline period (BASELINE) was followed by 48 hours of a continuous euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) from 24 to 72 hours (CLAMP). Microdialysate was collected every 6 hours and analysed for glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations and lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio (L:P). Microdialysis urea clearance was used to estimate lamellar tissue perfusion. Archived microdialysis samples from six identically instrumented Standardbred horses served as controls (CON). Variables were compared over time and between EHC and CON horses using a mixed‐effects linear regression model.ResultsGlucose concentration decreased during the CLAMP period in CON and EHC horses (P < .001), but there was no difference between CON and EHC (P > .9). Lactate concentration increased during the CLAMP period in CON and EHC horses (P < .001), however, the rate of increase was significantly higher in EHC horses relative to CON (P = .014). There was a relative increase in pyruvate concentration in EHC horses compared with CON during the CLAMP period (P = .03). L:P increased significantly in CON horses during the CLAMP period (P < .001) but not in EHC (P = .1). Urea clearance did not change in CON (P = .9) or EHC (P = .05) during the CLAMP, but did increase in EHC relative to CON (P = .02).Main limitationsThe effects of microdialysis probe implantation on perfusion and metabolism remain unclear. The EHC model may not mimic natural endocrinopathic laminitis.ConclusionsLaminitis developed without evidence of lamellar hypoperfusion or energy stress. Therapies to improve perfusion are unlikely to affect the initial development of endocrinopathic laminitis.
The most important discoveries of the past 50 years in gynaecological pathology
Authors: Silverberg Steven G , Gilks C Blake 
Published: December 2019

The field of gynaecological pathology has grown from its infancy to a mature subspecialty over the last 50 years. What discoveries have led the way in this evolution? On the basis of personal experience and a survey of expert gynaecological pathologists, the following discoveries have been most impactful: (i) identification of the role of human papillomavirus in the aetiology of carcinoma of the lower genital tract; (ii) the emergence of international classification systems for gynaecological cancers (with cervical adenocarcinoma being the most recent example of this); (iii) the development of reliable immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic adjunct; (iv) discoveries around the aetiology and the relationship between serous carcinoma of the tube/ovary and the endometrium; and (v) identification of the role of oestrogen in the development of endometrial carcinoma and histological recognition of the precursor lesion atypical hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and how recognition of the role of diethylstilboestrol in the aetiology of vaginal clear cell carcinoma led directly to this discovery. The history of each discovery and how it changed diagnostic pathology will be discussed in this review.