bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of non-contrast CT in Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery for Sellar and Suprasellar Tumors
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng , Fang Yuanjian , Li Chenguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To study the relationship between pneumocephalus on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p-CFL) after endoscopic transsphenoidal sellar and suprasellar tumors surgeries.
Methods
Patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for sellar or suprasellar tumors from January 2018 to March 2020 were consecutively collected and reviewed. The NCCT pneumocephalus (NP) was measured on the first day after operation and the first day after expansive sponge was extracted, respectively. p-CFL was defined as the glucose rhinorrhea content ≥ 1.7 mmol/L in patients who had persistent nasal discharge of clear water-like fluid exacerbated by bending over or performing a Valsalva maneuver.
Results
Of 253 patients finally enrolled into this study, 32 patients (12.6%) were identified as p-CFL. Compared with patients who had no p-CFL, patients with p-CFL had a higher occurrence of intraoperative CFL, a longer operation duration time, a higher rate of the presence of pneumocephalus on the first-day NCCT after operation (referred to as the first-day NP), and a higher rate of NP volume change between two times NCCT measurements (referred to as the NP change) (all P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, the first-day NP was independently associated with the occurrence of p-CFL (OR = 6.176, 95%CI = 2.134–17.871, P = 0.001). While adding the NP change into the regression model, the first-day NP was no longer independently associated with the occurrence of p-CFL, and the NP change (OR = 21.192, 95%CI = 6.292–71.373, P < 0.001) was independently associated with p-CFL. The ROCs comparison analysis showed that the NP change had a significantly better predicting value than the first-day NP (AUC: 0.988 vs 0.742, Z = 6.451, P = 0.001).
Conclusions
NP is an effective imaging marker for predicting p-CFL after endoscopic sellar and suprasellar tumors operation, especially the NP change shows a better predicting value.
Genome-Wide Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma Using Meta-Analysis of mRNA and miRNA Expression Data
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Kaur Gurvinder , Rani Lata , Singh Harpreet , Kaur Punit , Gupta Ritu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with diverse clinical phenotypes and molecular heterogeneity that is not completely understood. Recent studies have identified differentially expressed patterns of genes (DEGs) or miRNAs (DEMs) in MM. But these signatures overlap partially, plausibly due to complexity of myeloma genome, diversity in cell lines studied, molecular technologies and analytical tools utilized in these studies. This warrants further investigations since DEGs/DEMs can impact clinical outcomes and guide personalized therapy. We conducted the genome-wide meta-analysis of expression datasets on DEGs/DEMs in MM and derive net putative signatures and potential biomarkers for MM. A set of 110 DEMs and 3,817 DEGs were identified to be differentially expressed. Among these, 86 DEMs (60 downregulated; 26 upregulated) correlated with 1,970 target DEGs (1373 downregulated; 597 upregulated). Signatures of 23 DEMs (‘Union 23’) and 196 DEGs (‘Union 196’) were deduced that shared 10 DEMs and 13 DEGs with published signatures, respectively. The study has identified five topmost nodal genes (APP, KIAA0101, CDK2, ESR1 and FN1) derived from functional modules in PPI networks and has paved the way for further studies to establish their prognostic potential and role in therapeutics for MM. The integrated bioinformatics methods and expression profiling techniques may lead to the identification of putative hub genes and expression signatures that can serve as predictive biomarkers of MM progression.
Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Three Types of Bagels by Means of the Sensomics Approach
Authors: Lasekan Ola , Dabaj Fatma , Muniandy Megala , Juhari Hanisah , Lasekan Adeseye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:To evaluate the impact of cold fermentation time on bagel rolls, the key aroma-active compounds in the volatile fractions obtained from three different bagel rolls through solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) were sequentially characterized by an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantified by stable isotope dilution and analyzed by odor activity values (OAVs) respectively.. Results: Findings revealed Forty aroma-active compounds with flavor dilution (FD) factor ranges of 2 – 1024. Of these, 22 compounds (FD≥ 16) were quantified by stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA). Subsequent analysis of the 22 compounds by odor activity values (OAVs) revealed 14 compounds with OAVs ≥ 1 and the highest concentrations were obtained for 2,3-butanedione, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methylbutanal and acetoin respectively. Two recombination models of the bagels (i.e. 24 h and 48 h bagels) showed similarity to the corresponding bagels. Omission tests confirmed that 2,3-butanedione (buttery), acetoin (buttery), 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (roasty), 5-methyl-2-furanmethanol (bread-like), (Z)-4-heptenal (biscuit-like) and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, were the key aroma compounds. Additionally, acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2-phenylethanol (honey-like), 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2/3-methylbutanal, vanillin, 3-methylbutanol, methional were also important odorants of the bagel. Conclusion: Whilst the long, cold fermented bagels exhibited roasty, malty, buttery, baked potato-like, smoky and biscuit-like notes, the control bagels produced similar but less intense odor notes.
Two-Lung Ventilation: A Safer and More Efficient Method Than One-Lung Ventilation in Bilateral Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Extended Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Yun Mijung , Kim Gunn Hee , Ko Sung-chul , Kim Wooshik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease and early thymectomy has been recommended. After the introduction of VATS, the safety and effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation in thoracic cavity (capnothorax) has been continuously controversial. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of ventilation methods in bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy (BVET) with capnothorax.Methods We retrospectively investigated the medical records of MG patients who underwent BVET between August 2016 and January 2018.Patients were divided into two groups: group D (n=26) for one-lung ventilation and group S (n=28) for two lung-ventilation. We set nine anesthesia time points (T0–T8) and collected respiratory and hemodynamic variables including arterial O2 index (PaO2/FiO2).Results The EtCO2 at T0, T1–T4, and T7 were insignificantly higher in group D than those in group S. The SpO2 at T1–T3 and T8 were significantly lower in group D than those in group S. The FiO2 in group S was lower than that in group D at all-time points. The number of PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 were significantly higher in group D than those in group S. Hemodynamic variables were not insignificantly different between the two groups at all-time points. The duration of surgery and anesthesia was shorter in group S than that in group D. Conclusions This retrospective study suggests that anesthesia using two-lung ventilation during BVET with capnothorax was a safe and effective method to improve lung oxygenation and reduce the operation and anesthesia time.
A Photonic-Assisted Generation of Triangular Waveform With Frequency Octupling
Authors: Yuan Jin , Su Jianxun , Li Zengrui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A new photonic approach for generating a triangular waveform with octupled-frequency is presented. The core principle is the frequency outupling technique based on two cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DP-MZMs). A dual-electrode MZM (De-MZM) and a single mode fiber (SMF) are subsequently applied to manipulate the signal spectrum to satisfy the characteristics of that of a triangular waveform. By applying a 2-GHz radio frequency (RF) signal, a full-duty-cycle triangular waveform with repetition rate of 16-GHz is obtained. The high frequency multiplying factor shows great potential in generating a cost-effective waveform. Additionally, the phase imbalance of hybrid coupler and bias drift of MZM have been considered in our simulation, which further verify the feasibility and stability of our proposal.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitor Lithium Chloride Protects Against Inflammation-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Wasting
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyung , Kim Seon-Wook , Kim Jun-Hyeong , Kim Hyung-Jun , Um JungIn , Jung Da-Woon , Williams Darren 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting is induced by inflammatory cytokines. It occurs in critically ill patients with sepsis (termed intensive care unit acquired weakness) and patients with advanced metastasis (termed cancer cachexia). Both conditions severely impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Lithium chloride has been investigated as a drug repurposing candidate for numerous diseases. In this study, we assessed whether lithium chloride affects inflammation-mediated muscle wasting, using in vitro and in vivo models of cancer cachexia and sepsis. Lithium chloride prevented wasting in myotubes cultured with cancer cell conditioned media, maintained expression of the muscle fiber contractile protein, myosin heavy chain 2 and blocked upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Atrogin-1. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition was indicated as the target mechanism, due to the following observations: 1) β-catenin was upregulated in the myotubes and 2) inhibition of IMPA1, the secondary biological target of lithium chloride, did not inhibit the effects of cancer conditioned media. Lithium chloride inhibited upregulation of the inflammation-associated cytokines Il-1β, Il-6 and inos in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide. Lithium chloride treatment in an animal model of sepsis improved body weight, increased muscle mass, preserved the survival of larger fibers and decreased expression of the wasting effector genes, Atrogin-1 and Murf-1. In a model of cancer cachexia, lithium chloride increased muscle mass, enhanced muscle strength and increased fiber cross sectional area, with no significant effect on tumorigenesis. These results indicate that lithium chloride could be repurposed as a drug to treat patients with inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting.
A Deep Learning Approach to Annotating Immunogold-Labeled Electron Microscopy Images
Authors: Jerez Diego , Stuart Eleanor , Schmitt Kylie , Guerrero-Given Debbie , Christie Jason , Kamasawa Naomi , Smirnov Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) enables high-resolution visualization of protein distributions in biological tissues. For detection, gold nanoparticles are typically used as an electron-dense marker for immunohistochemically labeled proteins. Manual annotation of gold particle labels is laborious and time consuming, as gold particle counts can exceed 100,000 across hundreds of image segments to obtain conclusive data sets. To automate this process, we developed Gold Digger, a software tool that uses a modified pix2pix deep learning network capable of detecting and annotating colloidal gold particles in biological EM images obtained from both freeze-fracture replicas and plastic sections prepared with the post-embedding method. Gold Digger performs at near-human-level accuracy, can handle large images, and includes a user-friendly tool with a graphical interface for proof reading outputs by users. Manual error correction also helps for continued re-training of the network to improve annotation accuracy over time. Gold Digger thus enables rapid high-throughput analysis of immunogold-labeled EM data and is freely available to the research community.
The Elimination of Trace Arsenic Via Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane: Experiment and Mathematical Model
Authors: Suren Sira , Ampronpong Watcharapong , Pancharoen Ura , Maneeintr Kreangkrai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents the elimination of arsenic ions from synthetic produced water via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM). The effects of extractants, pH of feed solution, strippant solutions, and flow rates of feed and strippant solutions are duly investigated. Results demonstrate that arsenic ions in synthetic wastewater could be treated to comply with the standard of wastewater discharged (< 0.25 mg/L) via HFSLM. Percentages of extraction and stripping proved to be 100% and 98%, respectively. Thus, in a single-step operation, arsenic ions are extracted and stripped, using 0.5 M Aliquat 336 as the extractant, at pH of feed solution of 12, with a mixture of thiourea and hydrochloric acid (0.5 M each) as the synergistic strippant solution, and flow rates of both feed and strippant solutions of 100 mL/min. A mathematical model has also been developed to predict the final concentration of arsenic ions in feed and strippant solutions. The results predicted by the mathematical model fit in well with the experimental results.
Time-Frequency Feature Extraction Method of the Multi-Source Shock Signal Based on Improved VMD and Bilateral Adaptive Laplace Wavelet
Authors: Zhao Nanyang , Zhang Jinjie , Mao Zhiwei , Jiang Zhinong , Li He 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reciprocating machinery, e.g., diesel engines and reciprocating compressors, is the key power component in petroleum, petrochemical, nuclear power, and shipbuilding industries. Vibration signals have the characteristics of multi-source strong shock coupling and strong noise interference owing to the complex structure of reciprocating machinery; therefore, it is difficult to extract, analyze, and diagnose mechanical fault features. Moreover, failures occur frequently every year, causing serious economic losses. To accurately and efficiently extract sensitive features from the strong noise interference and unsteady monitoring signals of reciprocating machinery, a study on the time-frequency feature extraction method of multi-source shock signals was conducted. Combining the characteristics of reciprocating mechanical vibration signals, a targeted optimization method considering the variational modal decomposition (VMD) mode number K and second penalty factor was proposed, which completed the adaptive decomposition of coupled signals. Aiming at the bilateral asymmetric attenuation characteristics of reciprocating mechanical shock signals, a new bilateral adaptive Laplace wavelet (BALW) was established. A search strategy for wavelet local parameters of multi-impact signals was proposed using the harmony search (HS) method. A multi-source shock simulation signal was established and actual data of the valve fault were obtained through diesel engine fault experiments. The test results demonstrated that the new method achieved adaptive extraction of local shock features of non-stationary multi-source shock signals and was superior to the original method in terms of signal decomposition effect, sensitive feature extraction, fault recognition accuracy, and parameter search time. The fault recognition rate of the intake and exhaust valve clearance was above 90% and the extraction accuracy of the shock start position was improved by 10°.
Is Selective Late Na+ Current Inhibition Different From Class I/B Antiarrhythmic Action? Comparison of The Effects of GS967 to Mexiletine in Canine Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Hézsô Tamás , Khan Muhammad , Dienes Csaba , Kiss Dénes , Prorok János , Arpádffy-Lovas Tamás , Varga Richárd , Fujii Erika , Mercan Tanju , Topal Leila , Kistamás Kornél , Szentandrássy Norbert , Almássy János , Jost Norbert , Magyar János , Bányász Tamás , Baczkó István , Varró András , Nánási Péter , Virág László , Horváth Balázs 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Enhancement of the late Na+ current (INaL) increases arrhythmia propensity in the heart, while suppression of the current is antiarrhythmic. GS967 is an agent considered as a selective blocker of INaL. In the present study, effects of GS967 on INaL, on L-type calcium current (ICa), and on action potential (AP) morphology were studied in canine ventricular myocytes by using conventional voltage clamp, action potential voltage clamp and sharp microelectrode techniques. These effects of GS967 were compared to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and to the class I/B antiarrhythmic compound mexiletine. 1 µM GS967, 40 µM mexiletine, and 10 µM TTX dissected largely similarly shaped inward currents under action potential voltage clamp conditions. In case of GS967 and mexiletine, the amplitude and integral of this current was significantly smaller when measured in the presence of 1 µM nisoldipine, while no difference was observed in case of TTX. Under conventional voltage clamp conditions, INaL was significantly decreased by 1 µM GS967 and 40 µM mexiletine (79.0±3.0% and 63.3±2.7% reduction of current integrals, respectively). The integral of ICa was moderately but significantly diminished by both drugs (reduction of 9.3±3.3% and 14.1±1.5%, respectively). These changes were associated with acceleration of inactivation of ICa. Drug effects on peak Na+ current (INaP) were also assessed by recording AP upstroke in multicellular preparations. Both GS967 and mexiletine showed fast onset and offset kinetics: 110 ms and 289 ms offset time constants, respectively, as determined from V+max measurements in right ventricular papillary muscles, while the onset kinetics was characterized by 5.3 AP and 2.6 AP, respectively, at 2.5 Hz. Effects on beat-to-beat variability of AP duration (APD) was studied in isolated myocytes. Beat-to-beat variability was significantly decreased by both GS967 and mexiletine (reduction of 42.1±6.5% and 24.6±12.8%, respectively) while their shortening effect on APD was comparable. It is concluded that the electrophysiological effects of GS967 are similar to those of mexiletine, but with somewhat faster offset kinetics of V+max block. However, since GS967 depressed V+max and INaL at the same concentration, the current view that GS967 represents a new class of drugs that selectively block INaL has to be questiond and it is suggested that GS967 should be classified as a class I/B (or I/B + IV) antiarrhythmic agent.
Coalescence Dynamics in Oil-In-Water Emulsions at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Bera Bijoy , Khazal Rama , Schroën Karin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Emulsion stability in a flow field is an extremely important issue relevant for many daily-life applications such as separation processes, food manufacturing, oil recovery etc. Microfluidic studies can provide micro-scale insight of the emulsion behavior but have primarily focussed on droplet breakup rather than on droplet coalescence. The crucial impact of certain conditions such as increased pressure or elevated temperature frequently used in industrial processes is completely overlooked in such micro-scale studies. In this work, we investigate droplet coalescence in flowing oil-in-water emulsions subjected to higher than room temperatures namely between 20oC to 70oC. We use a specifically designed lab-on-a-chip application for this purpose. Coalescence frequency is observed to increase with increasing temperature. We associate with this observation the change in viscosity at higher temperatures trigerring a stronger perturbation in the thin aqueous film separating the droplets. Using the scaling law for rupture time of such a thin film, we establish a mechanism leading to a higher coalescence frequency at elevated temperatures.
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing on Pathogenic Bacteria in Solid Growth Medium Using a Real-Time and Contactless Planar Microwave Resonator Sensor
Authors: Jain Mandeep Chhajer , Pillai Anupama , Narang Rakesh , Zarifi Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Infection diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are pertinent clinical microbiology practices that are in dire need of improvement, as current standards are not able to keep up with the mutations and resistance development of certain bacterial strains. This paper presents a novel way to conduct AST which hybridizes disk diffusion AST with microwave resonators for rapid, contactless, non-invasive and high-throughput testing. This work uses Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultured on solid agar and places bacteria samples on a microwave split-ring resonator along with antibiotic disks (erythromycin) of various doses to demonstrate the viability of this sensing method in a clinical microbiological setting. The microwave resonator, operating at a 1.76 GHz resonant frequency, boasted a 5 mm2 sensitive sensing region. A one-port sensor was designed and optimized for detecting dielectric property variations of lossy dielectric materials accurately. This sensor was calibrated to detect uninhibited growth of the bacteria at 0.005 dB/hr, with a maximum change of 0.07 dB over the course of 15 hrs. The transient resonant amplitude change was subsequently dampened for each increasing dosage of antibiotic tested, with 45 µg of erythromycin showing negligible change indicating complete inhibited growth. This AST sensor demonstrated decisive results of antibiotic susceptibility in under 6 hours and shows great promise to further automate the intricate workflow of AST in clinical settings, while providing rapid, sensitive, non-invasive and high-throughput detection capabilities.
Predictors of Permanent Childlessness Among Married Women in Iran With Emphasis On Household Characteristics (Using Microdata Sample of The 2016 National Census)
Authors: Mahmoudiani Serajeddin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dramatic changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility after the mid-1980s. Childlessness is an important and growing issue and has increasingly become the focus of problem by Iranian population policy makers.Methods: Research method is secondary data analysis. Using the census micro-data of population and housing in 2016 an attempt was made to investigate the prevalence and predictors of childlessness among the married women aged 40-49. The data related to 85799 married women aged 40-49 were analyzed.Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that the probability of Childlessness for the women with university degree, immigrant as well as employed women is more likely than other their counterparts. Also, the findings suggested that the odds of being childless for the women who are living an apartment as well as those who are resident in a personal housing is less likely than counterparts. With increasing household area, the probability of being childless for women decreases.Conclusion: The government planning and policy making related to reducing the proportion of childlessness should be aimed at improving household circumstances especially in the field of their housing.