bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the codon usage patterns in two closely related Marsupenaeus species based on comparative transcriptomics
Authors: Wang Panpan , Mao Yong , Su Yongquan , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Marsupenaeus japonicus, a major commercial shrimp species in the world, has two cryptic or sibling species, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Marsupenaeus pulchricaudatus. Due to the lack of genomic information, little is known about the correlations among codon usage bias, gene expression, and evolutionary trends in Marsupenaeus orthologs.Results: Using the CodonW 1.4.2 software, we performed the codon bias analysis of two Marsupenaeus species transcriptomes. The average contents of GC and ENc were 51.61% and 52.1 for VI (M. japonicus), 51.54% and 52.22 for VII (M. pulchricaudatus), respectively. Parity Rule 2 (PR2) plot analysis showed that purines (A and G) were used more frequently than pyrimidines (C and T) in two Marsupenaeus species. The average ENc value was 52.1 and 52.22 for M. japonicus and M. pulchricaudatus, respectively. Overall, orthologous genes that underwent positive selection (ω > 1) had a higher correlation coefficient than that experienced purifying selection (ω < 1). In M. japonicus, the relationships were highly significant positive about Axis 1 and A3, T3 and ENc (p < 0.01). However, all relationships in M. pulchricaudatus were the opposite. We determined 12 and 14 optimal codons for M. japonicus and M. pulchricaudatus, respectively. Two Marsupenaeus species had 31 different codon pairs. The results of multi-species clustering based on codon preference were consistent with traditional classification. Conclusions: We characterized the codon usage patterns of the two Marsupenaeus species and the evolutionary trends in Marsupenaeus orthologs, which provides new insights into the genetic divergence and the phylogenetic relationships of two Marsupenaeus species.
Impact of Social Restriction Imposed by 2019-ncov Pandemic on the Mobility of Older People: A Scope Review Protocol
Authors: Bandeira Sarah , Batista Patricia , Silva Cristina Cristóvão Ribeiro , Melo Ruth Caldeira , Perracini Monica Rodrigues 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The 2019‑nCoV pandemic represents a high risk for older people that sustain higher mortality rates compared to young adults. Limited social contact and restriction of mobility in the community (stay-at-home precautions) are recognised as measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among older people. The impact of these measures on health, physical function and emotional wellbeing are numerous, and might result in long-term adverse outcomes such as disability, falls and limited mobility. Thus, the objective of this scope review is to map the estimated impact of measures of social restrictions on the mobility of older people living in the community and to systematize the existing recommendations, anticipating possible intervention strategies gaps.Methods The search will be carried out using a standardized protocol in Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), consulted by the Virtual Health Library (VHL), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), via PubMed; Web of Science, via Main Collection (Thomson Reuters Scientific) and SCOPUS. Documents and reports with recommendations from governmental and nongovernmental organizations will be consulted. Complete studies available in the English, Spanish or Portuguese languages included in the different methodological approaches (original articles, literature reviews, editorials and guidelines) that necessarily address the recommendations of social restriction measures for preventing Covid-19 disease and their impacts on mobility of older people will be included. Two reviewers will select the studies based on their titles and abstracts. The manuscripts and documents selected for full reading will be analysed by reviewers concerning the eligibility criteria. When disagreements occurred in any phase of the selection process, a third reviewer will be included for a consensus analysis. Data will be extracted using a template form and the PRISMA-ScR checklist will be used to guarantee quality and transparency. Results will be presented as a narrative summary, including tables and figures.Discussion Globally, recommendations to stay-at-home and social distancing are substantially affecting health and wellbeing of older people. Preserving mobility is crucial to active and healthy ageing. The evidence summarized in the selected studies will be analysed in order to answer the research questions. The results of this review will help clinical practitioners, health care providers and policy makers to estimate the impact of measures to protect older people from 2019‑nCoV and to identify gaps and anticipate needs for targeted interventions to prevent mobility decline. Systematic review registrationsubmitted on 10-09-2020 in https://osf.io/registries
A Contribution to Pre-Polish Antiquity
Authors: Cynarski Wojciech J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In many issues, a scientific discussion about the beginnings of Slavicism (Pol. Słowiańszczyzna) raises doubts and controversy. This essay is not a contribution about another excavation, but rather a statement at a higher level of generality - an attempt at a kind of synthesizing approach on the basis of logical deduction. The author stands on the side of supporters of the indigenous theory of the origin of the Slavs, which he argues by citing several logical justifications. The considerations concern a fairly wide range - from the Lusatian culture in the 8th century BC, when Scythian statehood dominated in its neighbourhood, to the 15th century and the great victory of the Kingdom of Poland in alliance with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania over the state of the Teutonic Order. The mainstream consideration, however, concerns the war tradition of the early Slavs and the first Piasts. The emphasis is also on the specificity of the martial art of Lechites and Poles, compared to the traditions of neighbouring peoples.
Anti-cancer, Anti-invasiveness &amp; Anti-metastasis of Green Engineered Bioorganic-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated from Juniperus chinensis Extract and Comparison to Cisplatin in Lung Cancer Cells (A549): In Vitro Assessment of Cellular and Molecular Pathways
Authors: Noorbazargan Hassan , Mashayekhi Ainaz , Khayam Nazanin , Naghizadeh Mohammad , Mirzaie Amir , dolatabadi Aghigh , moulavi Pooria , amintehrani Sobhan , kavousi Mahsa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current study reveals anti-cancer properties of bio-functionalized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) fabricated by Juniperus chinensis leaf extracts due to it’s easy, low cost, biological activity, eco-friendly and lower side effects. The characteristics of AgNPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy [1], transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Further, this study highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AgNPs involves in anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect on human lung cancer cells (A549) and compared to commercial drug cisplatin by various biological methods such as MTT, flow cytometery analysis, gene expression patterns, migration and invasion inhibition, ROS and caspase production and cell staining. The size of AgNPs fabricated in this study was 12.96 with spherical shape and negative zeta potential. Up-regulation of capase 3,9 and p53, Annexin V-FITC/PI, DAPI staining, ROS production indicated remarkable apoptotic effect of AgNPs than cisplatin. Also down-regulation of MMP2/MMP9 scratch and matrigel assays revealed anti-metastatic properties of AgNPs.cell cycle analysis and down regulation of cyclin D1 showed cancer cell cessation in the G0/G1 phase. Overall results in current experiment revealed AgNPs synthetized by biogreen method anti-metastasis and anti-proliferation effect on lung cancer cells comparison to cicplatin drug and also had lower side effect on normal cell line.
Development of Severity and Mortality Prediction Models for COVID-19 Patients at Emergency Department Including the Chest X-Ray
Authors: Batllés Pilar Calvillo , Cerdá-Alberich Leonor , Fonfría-Esparcia Carles , Carreres-Ortega Ainhoa , Muñoz-Núñez Carlos Francisco , Trilles-Olaso Laura , Baeza-Delgado Carlos , Sánchez-García Jose , Junquero Ignacio Gómez-Rico , Gil-Brusola Ana , Blanco-Salado Rodrigo , García-Ortega Alberto , Montero-Alonso Marta , Estellés-Lerga Pilar , Millán-Soria Javier , Aguado-Codina Cristina , Martí-Bonmatí Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To develop prognosis prediction models for COVID-19 patients attending an emergency department (ED) based on initial chest X-ray (CXR), demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: All symptomatic confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital ED between February 24th and April 24th 2020 were recruited. CXR features, clinical and laboratory variables and CXR abnormality indices extracted by a convolutional neural network (CNN) diagnostic tool were considered potential predictors on this first visit. The most serious individual outcome defined the three severity level: 0) home discharge or hospitalization ≤ 3 days, 1) hospital stay >3 days and 2) intensive care requirement or death. Severity and in-hospital mortality multivariable prediction models were developed and internally validated. The Youden index was used for model selection.Results: A total of 440 patients were enrolled (median 64 years; 55.9% male); 13.6% patients were discharged, 64% hospitalized, 6.6% required intensive care and 15.7% died. The severity prediction model included oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction (SatO2/FiO2), age, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count, extent score of lung involvement on CXR (ExtScoreCXR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer level and platelets count, with AUC-ROC=0.94 and AUC-PRC=0.88. The mortality prediction model included age, SatO2/FiO2, CRP, LDH, CXR extent score, lymphocyte count and D-dimer level, with AUC-ROC=0.97 and AUC-PRC=0.78. The addition of CXR CNN-based indices slightly improved the predictive metrics for mortality (AUC-ROC=0.97 and AUC-PRC=0.83).Conclusion: The developed and internally validated severity and mortality prediction models could be useful as triage tools for COVID-19 patients and they should be further validated at different ED.
A Novel Fully Human Recombinant Antibody Neutralizing the α-hemolysin of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Peng Lei , Li Chun , Wu Tong , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Han , Yu Hong , Ye Yingchun , Wu Yuchuan , Yuan Qing , Nian Siji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics. Hence, new ways to control MRSA infection, such as antibacterial antibodies, need to be explored. α-Hemolysin is the most important virulence factor widely expressed in S. aureus. This study aimed to develop a new fully human antibody against α-hemolysin of S. aureus and explore its neutralizing effect. ResultsThe single-chain antibody fragments（scFvs）against S. aureus were screened from a fully human scFv library using phage display technology with purified α-hemolysin protein. The selected scFvs had good binding affinities to α-hemolysin and were highly specific to S. aureus. The IgG-like scFv-Fc inserted into the pcDNA3.1 or pMH3 vector was expressed in HEK293F suspension cells to extend the antibody's in vivo half-life and restore Fc function. The size of purified scFv-Fc was about 55 kDa. The functions of expressed scFv-Fcs against α-hemolysin were validated. The results of A549 cytotoxicity assays showed that scFv10-Fc and scFv555-Fc had better protective effects than other scFv-Fcs on A549 cells. The results of anti-rabbit erythrocyte lysis assay confirmed that scFv555-Fc had a significant neutralizing effect on toxins. The scFv555-Fc was used to construct the docking model of antigen–antibody complexes using Discovery Studio software. It predicted that the key binding sites of α-hemolysin were TYR28, LYS37, PHE39, ARG56, and LYS58, which might be the key toxic sites of α-hemolysin.ConclusionsA novel fully human scFv-Fc antibody neutralizing the α-hemolysin toxin of S. aureus was successfully developed. The findings might provide a new theoretical basis and treatment method for preventing MRSA infection.
The Effect of Calibration Factors and Recovery Coefficients on 177Lu SPECT Activity Quantification Accuracy: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Ramonaheng Keamogetswe , Staden Johan A van , du Raan Hanlie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Different gamma camera calibration factor (CF) geometries have been proposed to convert SPECT data into units of activity concentration. However, no consensus has been reached on a standardized geometry. The CF is dependent on the selected geometry and affected by partial volume effects. This study investigated the effect of two CF geometries and their corresponding recovery coefficients (RCs) on the quantification accuracy of 177Lu SPECT images using Monte Carlo simulations.Methods: The CF geometries investigated were (i) a radioactive-sphere surrounded by non-radioactive water (sphere-CF) and (ii) a cylindrical phantom uniformly filled with radioactive water, (cylinder-CF). Recovery coefficients were obtained using the sphere-CF and cylinder-CF, yielding the sphere-RC and cylinder-RC values, respectively, for partial volume correction (PVC). The quantification accuracy was evaluated using four different sized spheres (15.6 ml – 65.4 ml) and a kidney model with known activity concentrations inside a cylindrical, torso and patient phantom. Images were reconstructed with the OS-EM algorithm incorporating attenuation, scatter and detector-response corrections. Segmentation was performed using the physical size and a small cylindrical volume inside the cylinder for the sphere-CF and cylinder-CF, respectively.Results: The sphere quantification error (without PVC) was better for the sphere-CF (≤ -5.54%) compared to the cylinder-CF (≤ -20.90%), attributed to the similar geometry of the quantified and CF spheres. Partial volume correction yielded comparable results for the sphere-CF (≤ 3.47%) and cylinder-CF (≤ 3.53%). The accuracy of the kidney quantification was poorer (≤ 22.34%) for the sphere-CF without PVC compared to the cylinder-CF (≤ 2.44%). With PVC, the kidney quantification results improved and compared well for the sphere-CF (≤ 3.50%) and the cylinder-CF (≤ 3.45%).Conclusion: The study demonstrated that upon careful selection of CF-RC combinations, comparable quantification errors (≤ 3.53%) were obtained between the sphere-CF and cylinder-CF, when all corrections were applied.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Cardio-Oncology: Results From the COVID-19 International Collaborative Network Survey.
Authors: Sadler Diego , DeCara Jeanne M. , Herrmann Joerg , Arnold Anita , Ghosh Arjun K. , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Yang Eric H. , SZmit Sebastian , Akhter Nausheen , Leja Monika , Silva Carolina Maria Pinto Domingues Carvalho , Raikhelkar Jayant , Brown Sherry-Ann , O'Quinn Rupal , Thuny Franck , Moudgil Rohit , Raez Luis M. , Okwuosa Tochukwu , Daniele Andres , Bauer Brenton , Kondapalli Lavanya , Ismail-Khan Roohi , Lax Jorge , Blaes Anne , Nahleh Zeina , Elson Leah , Baldassarre Lauren , Zaha Vlad , Rao Vijay , Lara Daniel Sierra , Skurka Kerry , Dent Susan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRe-allocation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in delays in care delivery to patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer. The ability of health care providers to provide optimal care in this setting has not been formally evaluated.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of COVID-19 resource re-allocation on scheduling, testing, elective procedures, telemedicine access, use of new COVID-19 therapies, and providers’ opinions on healthcare policies among oncology and cardiology practitioners.MethodsAn electronic survey was conducted by a cardio-oncology collaborative network through regional and state chapters of the American College of Cardiology , American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the International Cardio-Oncology Society. Descriptive statistics were reported by frequency and proportion for analyses, and stratified categorically by geographic region and specialty.Results1,415 providers (43 countries) participated: 986 cardiologists, 306 oncologists, and 118 trainees/internal medicine. 63% (195/306) of oncologists vs 92% (896/976) of cardiologists reported cancellations of treatments/elective procedures (p=0.01). 46% (442/970) of cardiologists and 25% (76/303) of oncologists modified the scope of their practice (p=<0.001). Academic physicians (74.5%) felt better supplied with personal protective equipment (PPE) vs non-academic (74.5% vs 67.2%; p=0.018). Telemedicine was less common in Europe 81% (74/91), and Latin America 64% (101/158), than the United States, 88% (950/1,097) (p=<0.001). 95% of all groups supported more active leadership from medical professional societies.ConclusionsThese results support initiatives to promote expanded coverage for telemedicine, increased access to PPE, better testing availability and involvement of medical professional societies to help with preparedness for future health care crisis.Appendix: Link to the Survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/C8ZDYNW
Multiscale Evaluation of The Elastic Behavior for The Metal-Coated Lattice Structures
Authors: Soleimanian Sina , Wang Xiang , Chen Min , Yu Yanqing , Li Ji , Chen Geng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Well-developed Additive Manufacturing leads to a variety of material and structure design. With the combination of 3D printing and plating technique, metal-coated resin lattice is investigated to achieve a light weight design with minimal economic cost and admirable material properties. In this paper, numerical approaches integrated with classical homogenization theory is adopted to study the effective mechanical characterizations of the BCC (Body-Centered-Cubic) metal-coated lattices. The selection of RVE (Representative Volume Element) is discussed for obtaining objective effective properties. Moreover, the impact of unit cell rod diameter and coating film thickness are investigated. A sensitivity analysis of these two parameters is conducted based on the advanced hypercube sampling methods.
The results reveal that multiple-unit-cells lead to more stable homogenized properties than single unit cell. The Increase of volume fraction may improve the elastic modulus and specific modulus remarkably. However, the increase of thickness of coating film only leads to monotonously increased elastic modulus. For this reason, there exists an optimal coating film thickness for the specific modulus of the lattice structure.
Indigenous Knowledge of Local Communities in Utilization of Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants and Their Conservation Status in Dess’a Priority Forest, North Eastern Escarpment of Ethiopia
Authors: Abrha Haftom Kahsay , W.Gerima Yemane G.Egziabher , Gebreegziabher Sarah Tewolde-Berahan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEthnoveterinary plant medicine plays indispensable role in many developing counties in treatment of livestock health problems. Dess’a priority forest is a bridge for small scale farming communities in Tigray and the Afar pastoralists, where both communities are rich in herds of domestic animals including camels. The study was aimed at investigating the utilization of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their conservation status in Dess’a priority forest, northeastern escarpment of Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 22 key and 252 general informants were selected using purposive and random sampling technique respectively. Interview was conducted using pre-prepared semi-structured questionnaire following focus group discussion with elderly people. Guided field walk and direct observation were also used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using Microsoft office word excel (2007), scoring and ranking. ResultsThis study discovered that fifty-six ethnoveterinary medicinal plants distributed among 31 families and 49 genera, used by traditional healers for treatment of 37 livestock health problems, were identified in the study area. Wound (24%), Cough (15%) and abdominal bloat (12%) were the most prevalent aliments. Fabaceae (16%), Solanaceae (11%) and Amaranthaceae (7%) were wealthiest families. Majority of which (43%) were shrubs and principal sources of the medicinal plants were wild habitat (44.6%). major plant parts used were leaves (43%). In most cases, freshly harvested plant remedies (49%), were prepared by pounding (21%) followed by Crushing (12%). Oral (34%) was the principal route of remedy administration. Nicotiana glauca Graham & Solanum marginatum L. were most preferred ethnoveterinary medicinal plants. Uprooting (37%) were the leading harvesting method and majority of the plants were rarely encountered (53%). Deforestation (32%), Drought (27%) and climate change (18%) were major threats.ConclusionThere is huge amount of indigenous knowledge of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants, but healers were secretive and did not share their knowledge freely, resulting in danger of information loss, and inappropriate utilization.
Modeling The Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Iraji Zaynab , Dolatkhah Roya , koshki Tohid jafari 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) was the fifth leading cause of death worldwide in 2015 and the second leading cause of death in Iran in 2012. This study aimed to model the factors associated with mortality in patients with BC utilizing the machine learning approach.Methods: We used data of patients with primary BC during 2007-2016 in Tabriz, Iran. The data were analyzed using decision tree (DT), boosted tree (BT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and generalized additive model (GAM) with inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) technique to assess the risk factors of mortality. The models were compared by using diagnostic accuracy measures.Results: Accuracy of the models ranged from 76.0 to 93.0%, with sensitivity of 82.5-98.8% and specificity of 72.2-99.4%. The GAM fit the data best with accuracy of 93.0% (95% CI: [90.5, 95.0]), sensitivity of 98.8% (95% CI: [96.9, 99.7]) and specificity of 84.3% (95% CI: [78.8, 88.9]) where non-linear effect of age (p-value = 0.006), grade (p-value = 0.024) and time to event (p-value < 0.001) on mortality were significant. Conclusion: The GAM seems to be an optimal model for classifying the mortality in patients with BC. Considering the time to event, age and grade, as the prognostic factors obtained by GAM, more accurate prevention planning may be designed.