bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Team learning in interdisciplinary research teams: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Team learning is critical to interdisciplinary research teams (IDR teams) to use heterogeneous knowledge effectively. Nevertheless, team learning is rarely addressed in the IDR team literature. Also, few studies investigate the antecedents and consequences of team learning in IDR teams, leading to a lack of guidance for management practices. This study aims to investigate how team learning can be developed and how team learning influences team outcomes in IDR teams.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey on 304 members of 37 IDR teams in a research university in China is conducted. Data are analyzed using a partial least square structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results support most hypotheses in general. For the antecedent variables, task interdependence, trust and constructive conflict positively affect team learning. For the outcome variables, team learning improves shared mental models, coordination quality and team performance significantly. Additionally, task uncertainty positively moderates the team learning-coordination quality relation and team learning-team performance relation. However, this paper does not find support for the moderating role of task uncertainty on the team learning-shared mental models relation.

Originality/value
To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study investigating the antecedents and consequences of team learning in IDR teams. A multidimensional measurement of team learning for the IDR team context is developed. This study investigates how team behavioral factors influence team learning and the effect of team learning on shared mental models, coordination quality and team performance. This study also explores the contingency role of task uncertainty in the effects of team learning.
“It gave me the strength and will to continue and to overcome”: police officers constructing resilience while under threat from criminals
Authors: Sigad Laura I. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe study aims to contribute an insider's view of how members of law enforcement and their families cope with life-threatening situations.Design/methodology/approachThe study at hand is guided by a descriptive phenomenological perspective, which is utilized to describe and analyze the experiences of five police officers living under high levels of threat from criminals.FindingsThe analysis presents a multifaceted picture of the officers’ experience of threat. The findings suggest that life under extreme threat is experienced by the officers as an upheaval of identity and loss of the structure of self. Yet with the aid of various individual protective factors as well as community and systemic support, the officers are able to mentally reframe this experience of vulnerability as one of personal agency. They demonstrate acceptance of the threat as part and parcel of their professional roles, a praxis of responsibility that gives them a sense of control. Emotional strain is ever-present as the reality of the threat infiltrates their personal lives and those of their families, yet the return to their core identity as protectors rather than victims allows for a reintegration of the self and is the foundation of their emerging resilience.Originality/valueThis novel identity-focused model can serve as the basis for a heuristic for interpreting responses to risk and fostering resilience and as the conceptual foundation for the development of practical interventions designed to foster resilience in those exposed to critical and traumatic circumstances both inside and outside the police community.
“There must be an ideal solution…”Assessing training methods of knife defense performance of police recruits
Authors: Koerner Swen , Staller Mario S. , Kecke André 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe study compares the impact of two different pedagogical approaches in police training by assessing the knife defense performance of German police recruits against different types of knife attacks. Linear or nonlinear – which pedagogical approach leads to more efficient knife defense performance?Design/methodology/approachA total of 20 German state police recruits (w = 5, m = 15) were assigned to linear and nonlinear groups. The linear and nonlinear groups' performance on knife defense was assessed in a pretest, after a three-week training intervention in a posttest and eight weeks thereafter in a retention test, utilizing a mixed-method design (Sendall et al., 2018).FindingsQuantitative data on knife defense performance suggest a lastingly better performance of the nonlinear group: in the retention test, participants of the nonlinear group were hit less (p = 0.029), solved the attack faster (p = 0.044) and more often (81.8%) than participants of the linear group (55.6%). In contrast, qualitative data reveal that, despite of evidence for a high level of perceived competence, the nonlinear teaching of knife defense skills has been accompanied by considerable uncertainties, affected by the lack of techniques and the focus on principles and operational parameters only.Originality/valueIt is the first study assessing the impact of different pedagogical approaches in police training. For the practice of police trainers, the results provide empirical orientations for an evidence-based planning of and reflection on pedagogical demands within their training (Mitchell and Lewis, 2017).
Factors influencing PLS financing: the perspective of Indonesian Islamic banks employees
Authors: Nugraheni Peni , Alimin Istiqomah Nur 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors that influence profit–loss sharing (PLS) financing in Indonesian Islamic banks from the perspective of Islamic banks’ employees. Islamic banks have important role in influencing the amount of PLS financing distribution through their screening process.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses questionnaires in collecting data that are distributed to the employees who process or handle PLS financing in Islamic banks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The independent variables are risk, financing screening process, analysis of financial statement and competency of the employees of Islamic banks. The data are processed using multiple regression.FindingsThis study finds that risk, the quality of financing screening process and the analysis of financial statement have positive influence on the PLS financing, whereas competency of employees of Islamic banks does not influence PLS financing.Practical implicationsThe results of this study are expected to give contribution to increase the role of Islamic banks in encouraging PLS financing. The adequate screening, controlling and monitoring system in Islamic banks should be strengthened to encourage the quality of financing distributed.Originality/valuePrimary data are used in this study to know the perspective of Islamic bank employees in the financing division on the PLS financing. This study attempts to identify the perspective of employees who have direct relationship with the decision of financing in Islamic banks.
The contribution of tourism towards a more sustainable and inclusive society: key guiding principles in times of crisis
Authors: Cardoso Carla 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
At a time when tourism is embarking on the path to recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, this paper aims to put forward a set of principles guiding the development of tourism to enable global society to become more inclusive and sustainable.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopted a descriptive design using views and data mainly published by 11 international organisations and specialised agencies between March and mid-June 2020. Content analysis was carried out to enable the research to identify features and the presence of challenges for tourism within international organisations’ documents and leaders’ speeches to compare them.

Findings
The results revealed that there are five key principles that may have a significant impact on tourism development, suggesting that these could be adopted for building a more inclusive and sustainable economy, while mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 crisis.

Practical implications
Adopting the five key principles recommended in this paper can help tourism to emerge stronger and in a more sustainable way from COVID-19 or other future crises. Equally, this can incite changes in policies, business practices and consumers’ and locals’ behaviours with a view to building a truly sustainable sector.

Originality/value
This study helps to reconfirm existing knowledge in the COVID-19 context by highlighting five guiding principles that can help tourism players to respond to this crisis disruption and future ones via transformative innovation. In doing so, these will also be contributing to the achievement of the ideals and aims of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Replication Power and Regression to The Mean
Authors: Held Leonhard , Pawel Samuel , Schwab Simon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIf a scientific study reports a discovery with a p-value at or around 0.05, how credible is it? And what are the chances that a replication of this study will produce a similarly “significant” finding? Leonhard Held, Samuel Pawel and Simon Schwab's answers may surprise you
Association between gender and outcomes of acute burns patients
Authors: Perkins Monica , Abesamis Gerald M. , Cleland Heather , Gabbe Belinda J. , Tracy Lincoln M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBurn injuries are a complex and serious public health concern. Where the total body surface area of the burn exceeds 50%, mortality rates as high as 48% have been reported. While the association between gender and burn injury outcomes has been explored, findings are inconsistent.MethodsAdult patients (>15 years) admitted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2018 to intensive care units of burn centres that provide specialist burn care in Australia and New Zealand were included. Raw mortality rates were examined and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association between gender and time to in‐hospital death.ResultsThere were 2227 eligible burn injury admissions. Men comprised the majority (77.6%). The proportion of women who died in hospital was greater than men and the adjusted odds of in‐hospital mortality were 34% lower in men (odds ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.98). The unadjusted rate of in‐hospital mortality for men was 44% lower than women (hazard ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.41–0.76). After adjusting for confounders, there was no association between gender and survival time (hazard ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.54–1.06).ConclusionAfter adjustment for key differences in case‐mix between men and women, there was an association between gender and in‐hospital mortality and no association between gender and time to death. Our findings indicate that the worse outcomes observed for women are associated with different age and patterns of injury, and provide further information to direct and inform targeted prevention measures for vulnerable populations.
Developments allergy in 2019 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Part II clinical allergy
Authors: Roberts Graham , Almqvist C. , Boyle R. , Crane J. , Hogan S.P. , Marsland B. , Saglani S. , Woodfolk J.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the second of two linked articles, we describe the development in clinical as described by Clinical & Experimental Allergy and other journals in 2019. Epidemiology, clinical allergy, asthma and rhinitis are all covered. In this article, we described the development in the field of allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2019. Epidemiology, clinical allergy, asthma and rhinitis are all covered.
Weight loss‐induced increase in fasting ghrelin concentration is a predictor of weight regain: Evidence from the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Thom George , McIntosh Alasdair , Messow Claudia‐Martina , Leslie Wilma S. , Barnes Alison C. , Brosnahan Naomi , McCombie Louise , Malkova Dalia , Al‐Mrabeh Ahmad , Zhyzhneuskaya Sviatlana , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether appetite‐related hormones were predictors of weight regain in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT).Materials and MethodsDiRECT is a cluster‐randomized clinical trial, designed to assess the effect of weight loss on type 2 diabetes remission. For this post hoc analysis, data were available for 253 (147 interventions, 106 controls) individuals with type 2 diabetes (age 53.6 ± 7.5 years, body mass index 34.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2, 59% men). Intervention participants received a 24‐month weight management programme, and controls remained on usual diabetes care. Fasting plasma concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and peptide YY were measured at baseline, 12 months and 24 months in all participants, and at 5 months in a subset of participants in the intervention (n = 56) and control groups (n = 22). Potential predictors were examined using multivariable linear regression models.ResultsThe intervention group lost 14.3 ± 6.0% body weight at 5 months but regained weight over time, with weight losses of 10.0 ± 7.5% at 12 months and 7.6 ± 6.3% at 24 months. Weight loss in controls was 1.1 ± 3.7% and 2.1 ± 5.0% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Body weight increased by 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4, 4.1; P = 0.019) between 12 and 24 months for every 1‐ng/mL increase in ghrelin between baseline and 12 months, and weight regain between 12 and 24 months was increased by 1.1% (95% CI 0.2, 2.0; P = 0.023) body weight for every 1‐ng/mL increase in ghrelin at 12 months.ConclusionThe rise in ghrelin (but not any other measured hormone) during diet‐induced weight loss was a predictor of weight regain during follow‐up, and concentrations remained elevated over time, suggesting a small but significant compensatory drive to regain weight. Attenuating the effects of ghrelin may improve weight‐loss maintenance.
EcoSun Pass: A tool to evaluate the ecofriendliness of UV filters used in sunscreen products
Authors: Pawlowski S. , Herzog B. , Sohn M. , Petersen‐Thiery M. , Acker S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveSunscreens play a major role in the EU sun protection strategy in order to prevent humans from UV light‐induced skin damage. In recent years, the demand for high‐quality sunscreen products including aspects of broad range and photostability of the UV protection, showing good spreadability onto human skin and excellent sensorial properties during and after application has increased. Environmental aspects are considered. Sunscreens are complex compositions, with UV filters being the key element in the formulations reaching up to about 30% in content in the final product. Some of these ingredients, however, may be regarded as hazardous for the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, the aquatic ecosystem represents only a single environmental compartment, which may be impacted by UV filters. Therefore, the EcoSun Pass (ESP) tool was developed in order to assess the overall environmental impact of UV filters in combination with its efficacy (Sun Protection Factor, SPF and UVA Protection Factor, UVA‐PF).MethodsFor that purpose, at first 24 of the EU‐approved UV filters for sunscreen applications were evaluated for their environmental hazard profiles. Nine example UV filter compositions representing both SPF 30 and 50 were evaluated for ecofriendliness using the ESP tool.ResultsThe results revealed that two out of four SPF 30 compositions are considered as ecofriendly. Likewise, from the SPF 50 two out of five did meet the criteria for ecofriendliness. Furthermore, the results showed that most ecofriendly example formulations have also the lowest overall UV filter content in the product, based on the use of highly innovative and least hazardous UV filters.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the tool is applicable to various formulations being present on the market and thus allows for a selection of most ecofriendly and efficient UV filters to be used in sunscreens.
Dense TiN‐Ni cermets with improved sinterability, microstructure, and mechanical properties using Ni‐coated TiN powders
Authors: Xie Dan , Xiong Huiwen , Wu Yuxue , Gan Xueping , Li Zhiyou , Zhou Kechao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo solve the poor sinterability and wettability between TiN ceramic and pure metal via using coated composite powders, dense TiN‐Ni cermets with uniform microstructure and fine grains were developed at a low sintering temperature of 1300℃ in this work. TiN powders were firstly activated in a strong acid solution, in order to achieve a step‐like surface; Ni‐coated TiN powders showed an uniform and controllable morphology. Two types of TiN‐Ni cermets based on conventional milled powders and Ni‐coated TiN composite powders were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and used for the comparison concerning the sintering behavior, microstructure and related mechanical properties. Results showed that Ni‐coated TiN composite powders helped to improve the sinterability between ceramic and metal, which is rather beneficial to obtain dense TiN‐Ni cermets with homogeneous microstructure and high mechanical properties. Compared to those of conventional TiN‐Ni, the relative density, Rockwell hardness and fracture toughness increased from 84.9% to 96.6%, 80.2 to 84.3, and 10.2 MPa·m1/2 to 14.7 MPa·m1/2, with a rather low sintering temperature of 1300 ℃, respectively.
Methods for prevention of early childhood caries: Overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Soares Renata Cristina , da Rosa Saulo Vinicius , Moysés Simone Tetu , Rocha Juliana Schaia , Bettega Patricia Vida Cassi , Werneck Renata Iani , Moysés Samuel Jorge 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a global problem, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of methods for ECC prevention. Six electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the publications and analysed the quality of the included systematic reviews. Thirteen studies were included. Overall, eight reviews were classified with methodological quality critically low using the AMSTAR 2, whereas five reviews achieved a high risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. The methods identified that were positively related to the prevention of ECC were as follows: preventive dental programmes for pregnant women; advice on diet and feeding; prenatal oral health care; integration of maternal and children's oral health promotion into nursing practice; maternal oral health programmes undertaken by non‐dental health professionals; dental health education in combination with the use of fluoride for children; early preventive dental visits; and the use of fluoride varnish and toothpastes with more than 1000 ppm of fluoride. The currently available evidence supporting the effectiveness of methods for prevention of ECC, although suggesting some methods of greater potential, is still lacking due to the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and the included primary studies.
Influence of lightness difference of single anterior tooth to smile attractiveness
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Diamantopoulou Sofia , Gogolas Nikolaos , Sarri Vasileia , Papandreou Andreas , Sakellaridi Eirini , Petrakos George , Papazoglou Efstratios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of lightness difference of a single anterior maxillary tooth on difference smile attractiveness.MethodsA frontal view full‐portrait image of a smiling male Caucasian, was digitally modified altering a single tooth, creating a series of images with varying lightness (ΔL) for the maxillary central, lateral and canine. A total of 160 participants (80 dentists, 80 laypersons) were asked to fill out a Visual Analog Scale questionnaire for every image recording smile attractiveness.ResultsFor central incisors ΔL≥1 negatively affected attractiveness. There was a higher tolerance for lightness mismatch when one lateral incisor is lighter and the same applies when the canine was darker. Difference in lightness affected smile attractiveness both for dentists and laypersons. No difference between males and females was observed for the dentists. For laypersons, females perceived smiles with lightness difference as significantly less attractive compared to males. Dentist's age did not affect smile attractiveness perception. Younger laypersons perceived darker color, as less attractive.ConclusionsChanges in lightness of a single anterior tooth significantly affected smile attractiveness in a different way for the central vs lateral vs canine. For the dentists, age and gender did not significantly affect smile perception, in contrast to laypeople.Clinical significanceLightness differences of a single anterior tooth affects smile attractiveness.
Adhesive dentistry: Current concepts and clinical considerations
Authors: Perdigão Jorge , Araujo Edson , Ramos Renato Q. , Gomes George , Pizzolotto Lucas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo address contemporary concepts in adhesive dental materials with emphasis on the evidence behind their clinical use.OverviewAdhesive dentistry has undergone major transformations within the last 20 years. New dental adhesives and composite resins have been launched with special focus on their user‐friendliness by reducing the number of components and/or clinical steps. The latest examples are universal adhesives and universal composite resins. While clinicians prefer multipurpose materials with shorter application times, the simplification of clinical procedures does not always result in the best clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the current evidence on adhesive restorative materials with focus on universal adhesives and universal composite resins.Conclusions(a) Although the clinical behavior of universal adhesives has exceeded expectations, dentists still need to etch enamel to achieve durable restorations; (b) there is no clinical evidence to back some of the popular adjunct techniques used with dental adhesives, including glutaraldehyde‐based desensitizers and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; and (c) the color adaptation potential of new universal composite resins has simplified their clinical application by combining multiple shades without using different translucencies of the same shade.Clinical SignificanceNew adhesive restorative materials are easier to use than their predecessors, while providing excellent clinical outcomes without compromising the esthetic quality of the restorations.