bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of osteosarcoma based on UHPLC-HRMS
Authors: Lv Dongming , Zou Yutong , Zeng Ziliang , Yao Hao , Ding Shirong , Bian Yiying , Wen Lili , Xie Xianbiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that tumor proliferation and metastasis are closely related to complex metabolic reprogramming. However, there are limited data to provide a comprehensive metabolic picture of osteosarcoma.

Objectives
Our study aims to identify aberrant metabolic pathways and seek potential adjuvant biomarkers for osteosarcoma.

Methods
Serum samples were collected from 65 osteosarcoma patients and 30 healthy controls. Nontargeted metabolomic profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based on univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results
The OPLS-DA model analysis identified clear separations among groups. We identified a set of differential metabolites such as higher serum levels of adenosine-5-monophosphate, inosine-5-monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate in primary OS patients compared to healthy controls, and higher serum levels of 5-aminopentanamide, 13(S)-HpOTrE (FA 18:3 + 2O) and methionine sulfoxide in lung metastatic OS patients compared to primary OS patients, revealing aberrant metabolic features during the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. We found a group of metabolites especially lactic acid and glutamic acid, with AUC values of 0.97 and 0.98, which could serve as potential adjuvant diagnostic biomarkers for primary osteosarcoma, and a panel of 2 metabolites, 5-aminopentanamide and 13(S)-HpOTrE (FA 18:3 + 2O), with an AUC value of 0.92, that had good monitoring ability for lung metastases.

Conclusions
Our study provides new insight into the aberrant metabolic features of osteosarcoma. The potential biomarkers identified here may have translational significance.
Characterization, Thermodynamics and Mechanism of Formation of SiC-SiOx Core–Shell Nanowires
Authors: Broggi Andrea , Ringdalen Eli , Tangstad Merete 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silicon carbide nanowires are valuable for electronic and optical applications, due to their high mechanical and electrical properties. Previous studies demonstrated that nanowires can be produced easily, by mixing a silicon-based compound (Si or SiO2) with a carbon source (C or SiC), in an inert gas atmosphere (Ar or He). The result of this reaction is an elevated number of core–shell SiC-SiO
x
nanowires. The mechanism of formation of these wires should be inquired, in order to control the process. In this work, SiO2 and SiC are chosen as raw materials for SiO(g) and CO(g) production. These two gases react at SiC surfaces and generate the core–shell nanowires. SEM, TEM and XPS analyses confirm the composition and the microstructure of the product. A three-step mechanism of formation is proposed. The formation of nanowires is compared with thermodynamics of reactions occurring in the Si-C-O system. It is found that nanowires develop in wide temperature and SiO partial pressure ranges (T: 924 °C to 1750 °C, pSiO = 0.50 to 0.74). Higher He flows will shift the reaction to lower temperatures and pSiO.
The Effect of γ″ and δ Phase Precipitation on the Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting: An In Situ Neutron Diffraction and Acoustic Emission Study
Authors: Čapek Jan , Polatidis Efthymios , Knapek Michal , Lyphout Christophe , Casati Nicola , Pederson Robert , Strobl Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe deformation behavior of additively manufactured Alloy 718 in as-built condition and after annealing was studied in situ under tensile loading along the build direction. Pre-characterization by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed a significant amount ofγ″ precipitates in the as-built samples, whereas theγ″ phase was entirely consumed and needle-likeδprecipitates appeared in the annealed sample. In situ neutron diffraction (ND) and acoustic emission (AE) enabled indirect observation of the role of the precipitates on the mechanical behavior. ND provided information on the load accommodation in the matrix, while AE detected a strong signal from the interaction of dislocations with theδ-phase precipitates during deformation of the annealed samples. The results imply that in the annealed samples the matrix sheds the load to the precipitates, while in the as-built material the matrix bares a significant load.
Recent Insights on the Role of PPAR-β/δ in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, and Its Potential Target for Therapy
Authors: Strosznajder Anna K. , Wójtowicz Sylwia , Jeżyna Mieszko J. , Sun Grace Y. , Strosznajder Joanna B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ belongs to the family of hormone and lipid-activated nuclear receptors, which are involved in metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Similar to PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, PPAR-β/δ also acts as a transcription factor activated by dietary lipids and endogenous ligands, such as long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and selected lipid metabolic products, such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Together with other PPARs, PPAR-β/δ displays transcriptional activity through interaction with retinoid X receptor (RXR). In general, PPARs have been shown to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and development and significantly modulate glucose, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. PPAR-β/δ appears to play a special role in inflammatory processes and due to its proangiogenic and anti-/pro-carcinogenic properties, this receptor has been considered as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, carcinogenesis, and diabetes. Until now, most studies were carried out in the peripheral organs, and despite of its presence in brain cells and in different brain regions, its role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. This review is intended to describe recent insights on the impact of PPAR-β/δ and its novel agonists on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic injury. An important goal is to obtain new insights to better understand the dietary and pharmacological regulations of PPAR-β/δ and to find promising therapeutic strategies that could mitigate these neurological disorders.
Direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: current evidence
Authors:   Cancer and Thrombosis Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), García-Escobar I. , Brozos-Vázquez E. , Gutierrez Abad D. , Martínez-Marín V. , Pachón V. , Muñoz Martín A. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVenous thromboembolic disease (VTED) is a common and clinically important complication in patients with cancer, contributing to its mortality and morbidity. Direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACs), including direct thrombin inhibitors and direct factor Xa inhibitors, are as effective as vitamin K antagonists for the treatment of VTED and are associated with less frequent and severe bleeding. They have advantages over low-molecular-weight heparin, but comparative long-term efficacy and safety data are lacking for these compounds. Recent randomized clinical trials suggest a role for DOACs in the treatment of VTED in patients with cancer. This review will discuss the existing evidence and future perspectives on the role of DOACs in the treatment of VTE based on the current evidence about their overall efficacy and safety and the limited information in patients with cancer; in addition, we will briefly review their pharmacokinetic properties with special reference to potential interactions.
From #RelationshipGoals to #Heartbreak – We use Instagram differently in various romantic relationship statuses
Authors: Fejes-Vékássy L. , Ujhelyi A. , Faragó L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays Social Media plays a key role in the formation, maintenance and breaking up of romantic relationships. Instagram, one of the most popular platforms among young adults, was examined by many researchers from the viewpoints of e.g. relationship goals, satisfaction and conflicts. These studies concentrate on the impact of online activities on relationships. With this current research our aim is to widen this perspective: we attempt to investigate how relational factors influence the use of the popular social network site. In Study 1 a qualitative approach was introduced (N = 18), in Study 2 participants (N = 238) reported in an online survey about their Instagram activity in various relationship statuses as well as relationship satisfaction and jealousy. We found that changes in the relationship status can be detected through the modification of Instagram usage. The characteristics of Instagram activity are significantly different at the beginning and at the end of a relationship. Furthermore, using cluster analysis we found that jealousy and relationship satisfaction are core predictors of post frequency, the amount of time spent with browsing and the importance of Instagram. In sum, the patterns of Instagram activity are strongly influenced by romantic relationship status.
Gastric carcinogenesis: a comprehensive review of the angiogenic pathways
Authors: Forma Alicja , Tyczyńska Magdalena , Kędzierawski Paweł , Gietka Klaudyna , Sitarz Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is undoubtedly one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Since GC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths with nearly one million new diagnoses reported every year, there is a need for the development of new, effective treatment strategies of GC. Gastric carcinogenesis is a complex process that is induced by numerous factors and further stimulated by many pro-oncogenic pathways. Angiogenesis is the process of the new blood vessels formation from the already existing ones and it significantly contributes to the progression of gastric tumorigenesis and the growth of the cancerous tissues. The newly formed vessels provide cancer cells with proper nutrition, growth factors, and oxygen supply that are crucial for tumor growth and progression. Tumor-associated vessels differ from the physiological ones both morphologically and functionally. They are usually inefficient and unevenly distributed due to structural transformations. Thus, the development of the angiogenesis inhibitors that possess therapeutic effects has been the main focus of recent studies. Angiogenesis inhibitors mostly affect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway since it is a major factor that stimulates the pro-angiogenic pathways. The aim of this review was to describe and summarize other promising molecular pathways that might be crucial in further improvements in GC therapies. This article provides an overview of how a meaningful role in tumor progression the angiogenetic process has. Furthermore, this review includes a description of the most important angiogenic factors as well as pathways and their involvement in gastric carcinogenesis.
Chronic MPTP in Mice Damage-specific Neuronal Phenotypes within Dorsal Laminae of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Biagioni Francesca , Vivacqua Giorgio , Lazzeri Gloria , Ferese Rosangela , Iannacone Simone , Onori Paolo , Morini Sergio , D’Este Loredana , Fornai Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe neurotoxin 1-methyl, 4-phenyl, 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropiridine (MPTP) is widely used to produce experimental parkinsonism. Such a disease is characterized by neuronal damage in multiple regions beyond the nigrostriatal pathway including the spinal cord. The neurotoxin MPTP damages spinal motor neurons. So far, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients alpha-synuclein aggregates are described in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Nonetheless, no experimental investigation was carried out to document whether MPTP affects the sensory compartment of the spinal cord. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to small doses of MPTP (5 mg/kg/X2, daily, for 21 days) produces any pathological effect within dorsal spinal cord. This mild neurotoxic protocol produces a damage only to nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) axon terminals with no decrease in DA nigral neurons assessed by quantitative stereology. In these experimental conditions we documented a decrease in enkephalin-, calretinin-, calbindin D28K-, and parvalbumin-positive neurons within lamina I and II and the outer lamina III. Met-Enkephalin and substance P positive fibers are reduced in laminae I and II of chronically MPTP-treated mice. In contrast, as reported in PD patients, alpha-synuclein is markedly increased within spared neurons and fibers of lamina I and II after MPTP exposure. This is the first evidence that experimental parkinsonism produces the loss of specific neurons of the dorsal spinal cord, which are likely to be involved in sensory transmission and in pain modulation providing an experimental correlate for sensory and pain alterations in PD.
Reservoir quality evaluation of the Farewell sandstone by integrating sedimentological and well log analysis in the Kupe South Field, Taranaki Basin-New Zealand
Authors: Qadri S. M. Talha , Islam Md Aminul , Shalaby Mohamed Ragab , El-Aal Ahmed K. Abd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study used the sedimentological and well log-based petrophysical analysis to evaluate the Farewell sandstone, the reservoir formation within the Kupe South Field. The sedimentological analysis was based on the data sets from Kupe South-1 to 5 wells, comprising the grain size, permeability, porosity, the total cement concentrations, and imprints of diagenetic processes on the reservoir formation. Moreover, well log analysis was carried on the four wells namely Kupe South 1, 2, 5 and 7 wells for evaluating the parameters e.g., shale volume, total and effective porosity, water wetness and hydrocarbon saturation, which influence the reservoir quality. The results from the sedimentological analysis demonstrated that the Farewell sandstone is compositionally varying from feldspathic arenite to lithic arenite. The analysis also showed the presence of significant total porosity and permeability fluctuating between 10.2 and 26.2% and 0.43–1376 mD, respectively. The diagenetic processes revealed the presence of authigenic clay and carbonate obstructing the pore spaces along with the occurrence of well-connected secondary and hybrid pores which eventually improved the reservoir quality of the Farewell sandstone. The well log analysis showed the presence of low shale volume between 10.9 and 29%, very good total and effective porosity values ranging from 19 to 32.3% as well as from 17 to 27%, respectively. The water saturation ranged from 22.3 to 44.9% and a significant hydrocarbon saturation fluctuating from 55.1 to 77.7% was also observed. The well log analysis also indicated the existence of nine hydrocarbon-bearing zones. The integrated findings from sedimentological and well log analyses verified the Farewell sandstone as a good reservoir formation.
Prediction of vitrinite reflectance values using machine learning techniques: a new approach
Authors: Sadeghtabaghi Zahra , Talebkeikhah Mohsen , Rabbani Ahmad Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitrinite reflectance (VR) is considered the most used maturity indicator of source rocks. Although vitrinite reflectance is an acceptable parameter for maturity and is widely used, it is sometimes difficult to measure. Furthermore, Rock-Eval pyrolysis is a current technique for geochemical investigations and evaluating source rock by their quality and quantity of organic matter, which provide low cost, quick, and valid information. Predicting vitrinite reflectance by using a quick and straightforward method like Rock-Eval pyrolysis results in determining accurate and reliable values of VR with consuming low cost and time. Previous studies used empirical equations for vitrinite reflectance prediction by theTmaxdata, which was accompanied by poor results. Therefore, finding a way for precise vitrinite reflectance prediction by Rock-Eval data seems useful. For this aim, vitrinite reflectance values are predicted by 15 distinct machine learning models of the decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, group method of data handling, radial basis function, multilayer perceptron, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and multilayer perceptron and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, which are coupled with evolutionary optimization methods such as grasshopper optimization algorithm, bat algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm, with four inputs of Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters ofTmax, S1/TOC, HI, and depth for the first time. Statistical evaluations indicate that the decision tree is the most precise model for VR prediction, which can estimate vitrinite reflectance precisely. The comparison between the decision tree and previous proposed empirical equations indicates that the machine learning method performs much more accurately.
Improvement of the lubrication properties of grease with Mn3O4/graphene (Mn3O4#G) nanocomposite additive
Authors: Jin Bao , Chen Guangyan , Zhao Jun , He Yongyong , Huang Yiyao , Luo Jianbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough grease can effectively lubricate machines, lubrication failure may occur under high speed and heavy load conditions. In this study, Mn3O4/graphene nanocomposites (Mn3O4#G) were synthetized using a hydrothermal method as lubricant additives. The lubrication properties of compound grease with Mn3O4#G nanocomposite additive under heavy contact loads of 600–900 N (3.95–4.59 GPa) were investigated. First, the nanocomposites were dispersed into L-XBCEA 0 lithium grease via successive electromagnetic stirring, ultrasound vibration, and three-roll milling. Compound grease with additives of commercial graphene (Com#G) was also investigated for comparison. Tribological test results revealed that the trace amounts of Mn3O4#G (as low as 0.02 wt%) could reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) of grease significantly. When the concentration of Mn3O4#G was 0.1 wt%, the COF and wear depth were 43.5% and 86.1%, lower than those of pure graphene, respectively. In addition, under the effect of friction, the microstructure of graphene in Mn3O4#G nanocomposites tends to be ordered and normalized. Furthermore, most of the Mn3O4 transformed into Mn2O3 owing to the high temperature generated from friction. Using the Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering method, the thickness of the tribofilm was estimated to be 25–34 nm. Finally, the improvement of the lubrication properties was attributed to the synergistic effect of the adsorbed tribofilm, i.e., the graphene island effect and the filling effect of Mn3O4#G.
Spillover Effects in the Presence of Unobserved Networks
Authors: Egami Naoki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen experimental subjects can interact with each other, the outcome of one individual may be affected by the treatment status of others. In many social science experiments, such spillover effects may occur through multiple networks, for example, through both online and offline face-to-face networks in a Twitter experiment. Thus, to understand how people use different networks, it is essential to estimate the spillover effect in each specific network separately. However, the unbiased estimation of thesenetwork-specific spillover effectsrequires an often-violated assumption that researchers observe all relevant networks. We show that, unlike conventional omitted variable bias, bias due to unobserved networks remains even when treatment assignment is randomized and when unobserved networks and a network of interest are independently generated. We then develop parametric and nonparametric sensitivity analysis methods, with which researchers can assess the potential influence of unobserved networks on causal findings. We illustrate the proposed methods with a simulation study based on a real-world Twitter network and an empirical application based on a network field experiment in China.
THE CHARACTER GRAPH OF A FINITE GROUP IS PERFECT
Authors: EBRAHIMI MAHDI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a finite group G, let

$\Delta (G)$
denote the character graph built on the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of G. A perfect graph is a graph

$\Gamma $
in which the chromatic number of every induced subgraph

$\Delta $
of

$\Gamma $
equals the clique number of

$\Delta $
. We show that the character graph

$\Delta (G)$
of a finite group G is always a perfect graph. We also prove that the chromatic number of the complement of

$\Delta (G)$
is at most three.
Surveillance, Security, and Liberal Democracy in the Post-COVID World
Authors: Greitens Sheena Chestnut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo what extent has the COVID-19 outbreak, and the augmented use of health surveillance technology that has resulted from it, altered international conceptions of civil liberties, privacy, and democracy? This article examines how global patterns of liberal democracy have been and could be affected by the pandemic. In China, the outbreak has strengthened a pre-existing techno-authoritarian project aimed at prevention and control of threats to both public health and public order. Certain features of the international system such as China's major power status, its global economic role, and its leadership in international organizations suggest that China's model of illiberal pandemic response could diffuse worldwide. Other factors, however—such as the incomparability of China's political system to many other countries in the contemporary international system—suggest more limited diffusion potential. To date, the pandemic has largely augmented existing trends, meaning that autocracies have been likely to respond in ways that infringe upon citizen rights, and weak democracies have exhibited some risk of democratic erosion and pandemic-associated autocratization. In these cases, however, factors other than surveillance have been central to processes of democratic decay. Conversely, a large number of consolidated democracies have employed surveillance, but have managed to navigate the initial stages of crisis without significantly compromising democratic standards. In these cases, surveillance technology has been fenced in by democratic institutions and rule of law, and norms, institutions, and public opinion have worked together to facilitate pandemic responses that are (on balance) proportional, limited in time and scope, and subject to democratic oversight. This suggests that international relations may need to separate the pandemic's effects on democracy from its effects on liberalism, and that care must be taken to identify the precise mechanisms that link pandemic response to various components of liberal democracy.