bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend analysis of the decadal variations of water bodies and land use/land cover through MODIS imagery: an in-depth study from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Zeeshan , Mehmood Muhammad Sajid , Ahamad Muhammad Irfan , Chudhary Amna , Abbas Nasir , khan Ahsan Riaz , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Abdal Sohaib 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Water is a primary element for human life on Earth. Fresh water, which includes rivers, lakes, streams, and ponds, contributes less than one thousandth of a percent of the total water on Earth, but it is critical for the environment and human life. Change in land use and land cover (LULC) is a foremost concern in global environment change. Rapid changes in LULC lead to the degradation of ecosystems and have adverse effects on the environment. There is an urgent need to monitor changes in LULC and evaluate the effects of these changes in order to inform decision makers on how to support sustainable development. This study used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometry images to detect and investigate changes in LULC patterns in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, between 2008 and 2017. Six types of LULC were used to explain the major changes of LULC in the study area. The results showed that there was a reduction of barren lands and an increase of urban areas. It also showed an inconsistent behavior of water bodies during the study. Snow area, which also increased, needs further investigation.
Enhanced removal of acid orange II from aqueous solution by V and N co-doping TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3 composite photocatalyst induced by pulsed discharge plasma
Authors: Qu Guangzhou , Wang Hui , Li Xin , Wang Tiecheng , Zhang Zengqiang , Liang Dongli , Qiang Hong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a study of V and N co-doping TiO2 embedding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported on γ-Al2O3 pellet (V/N-TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3) composite photocatalyst induced by pulsed discharge plasma to enhance the removal of acid orange II (AO7) from aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of the V/N-TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3 composite to AO7 removal induced by the pulsed discharge plasma was evaluated. The results indicate that the V/N-TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3 composite possesses enhanced photocatalytic activity that facilitates the removal of AO7 compared with the TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3 and TiO2/γ-Al2O3 composites. Almost 100% of AO7 is removed after 10 min under optimal conditions. The V0.10/N0.05-TiO2-MWCNTs/γ-Al2O3 photocatalyst exhibits the best removal effect for AO7. Analysis of the removal mechanism indicates that the enhancement of the removal of AO7 resulting from V and N co-doping causes TiO2 lattice distortion and introduces a new impurity energy level, which not only reduces the band gap of TiO2 but also inhibits the recombination of the pairs.
Purines and Pyrimidines: Metabolism, Function and Potential as Therapeutic Options in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kundu Debanjan , Dubey Vikash Kumar 
Published: December 2020

:
Various neurodegenerative disorders have various molecular origins but some common
molecular mechanisms. In the current scenario, there are very few treatment regimens present for
advanced neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, there is an urgent need for alternate options
in the form of natural compounds with an ameliorating effect on patients. There have been individual
scattered experiments trying to identify potential values of various intracellular metabolites.
Purines and Pyrimidines, which are vital molecules governing various aspects of cellular biochemical
reactions, have been long sought as crucial candidates for the same, but there are still many
questions that go unanswered. Some critical functions of these molecules associated with neuromodulation
activities have been identified. They are also known to play a role in foetal neurodevelopment,
but there is a lacuna in understanding their mechanisms. In this review, we have tried to assemble
and identify the importance of purines and pyrimidines, connecting them with the prevalence
of neurodegenerative diseases. The leading cause of this class of diseases is protein misfolding
and the formation of amyloids. A direct correlation between loss of balance in cellular homeostasis
and amyloidosis is yet an unexplored area. This review aims at bringing the current literature
available under one umbrella serving as a foundation for further extensive research in this field of
drug development in neurodegenerative diseases.
Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M, Sm Containing Diet Normalizes Some Metabolic Syndrome Markers due to High-fat High-fructose Diet in Wistar Rats
Authors: Hanifah Nur I.D. , Murwani Retno , Juniarto Achmad Zulfa 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Etlingera elatior (Ee) contains phytochemical compounds that are rich in
antioxidants, which may reduce several biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Objective:
We aimed to study the effect of fresh Etlingera elatior (FEe) and steamed Etlingera elatior
(SEe) as a part of rat diet on body weight, serum lipid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in
Wistar rats with MetS induced by a high-fat, high-fructose diet.

Methods:
Our research was a true experimental randomized control group design with pre- and
post-test. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into the following four groups: 1)
Control, fed standard rat diet during the whole duration of the study, 2) HFFr-Sd, fed high-fat high-
-fructose (HFFr) diet for 29 days, followed by 29 days of the standard diet, 3) HFFr-FEe, fed HFFr
diet for 29 days, followed by 29 days of a standard diet containing 33.3% FEe, and 4) HFFr-SEe,
fed HFFr diet for 29 days, followed by 29 days of a standard diet containing 33.3% SEe. The HFFr
diet was given at 15 g/day along with fructose drink (20% pure fructose) at 100 ml/day. The diets
in each group after the MetS induction period are referred to as intervention diets. Data at the end
of HFFr (pre) and intervention diets (post) were analyzed by paired t-test. The data among groups
were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc test.

Results:
HFFr diet for 29 days induced MetS in Wistar rats fulfilling the criteria of obesity (Lee Index),
hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Also,
there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C), and MDA level (p < 0.05). Feeding a diet containing FEe or SEe can significantly reduce
body weight, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and MDA, and increase HDL-C levels
(p < 0.05). The effect of FEe was more pronounced in ameliorating body weight and lipid profile
than SEe.

Conclusion:
Fresh Ee and Steamed Ee can ameliorate obesity, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress
in MetS Wistar rats induced by a high-fat, high-fructose diet. It suggests that dietary Ee accounting
for one-third of daily standard diet can assist in normalizing some MetS markers in rats.
Improvement of Refined Soybean Oil by Enrichment with Phenolic Extracts from Wild and Cultivated Olive Leaves
Authors: Boucheffa Saliha , Tamendjari Abderezak , Sobhi Widad , Hadjal Samir , Aliane Khellaf 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Several researches have focused on the antioxidant capacity of natural
components extracted from plants. Their properties are determined by the presence of phenolic
compounds that extend the shelf life of food and protect fats from autoxidation. Olive leaves, an
abundant raw material, are a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds, which can be
used to enrich a widely used edible oil.

Objective::
The goal of this study was to improve the properties and stability of soybean oil by adding
phenolic compounds extracted from the leaves of wild and cultivated olive trees.

Methods::
Leaf polyphenolic extracts obtained from Chemlal cultivar and wild olive were used to
enrich refined soybean oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated for the chain-breaking antioxidant
effect using DPPH and FRAP assay. The oxidative stability was estimated using a rancimat apparatus.
The effect of the frying conditions was studied by determining the rate of the polar fraction.

Results::
Total phenol contents from cultivated and wild olive leaves were important: 1047.19mg
EAG /100g and 1424.59mg EAG/100g, respectively. Oil extracts enriched with Chemlal and wild
olive leaves extracts at 25ppm presented 93.29% and 93.20% inhibition percent of DPPH radical,
respectively. An improvement of 75 and 73% was observed for oils enriched with Chemlal and
wild olive leaves respectively, for the antiradical activity against DPPH radical. The stability of the
enriched oils is proportional to the concentrations of phenolic extracts and higher than that shown
for the non-enriched ones. The frying test showed that the enrichment is causing a complete
absence of polar compounds in the fries.

Conclusion::
The results of this study show the efficacy of adding polyphenols to olive leaves to increase
the quality and oxidative stability of refined soybean oil.
Triptolide Improves Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats through TGF-β1/Smads Signal Pathway
Authors: Pang Ruoyu , Gu Donghai 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Triptolide on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy rats.

Methods:
A total of 15 male SD rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into five groups (3 rats in
each group): control group, model group, Triptolide low-dose (Triptolide-L) group, Triptolide medium-
dose (Triptolide-M) group, Triptolide high-dose (Triptolide-H) group. The rat models of diabetic
nephropathy (DN) were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after being fed with
high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration of rats was
detected. After 4 weeks, HE-staining was used to evaluate the renal pathological damage in rats; biochemical
analysis was used to determine the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), total
cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG); ELISA was used to measure the serum inflammatory factor levels;
Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1/Smads pathway proteins.

Results:
In the four FBG tests (once a week), the FBG concentration in the model group was significantly
higher than that in the control group, while Triptolide-treated rats were significantly lower than
that in the model group. Rats in Model group showed obvious renal injury, and Triptolide significantly
improved the renal injury in DN rats. Compared with the control group, the expression of BUN, SCr,
TC, TG, inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the model group increased significantly. WB
results showed that the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, α -SMA and vimentin in the kidney significantly
increased, while the Smad7 expression significantly decreased. Triptolide significantly reduced
the levels of BUN, SCr, TC, TG and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in diabetic rats, decreased the expression of
TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA, vimentin, and increased the Smad7 expression. In different doses of Triptolide
treatment group, its effect showed a significant concentration dependence.

Conclusion:
Triptolide alleviates renal injury in diabetic rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads signaling
pathway.
Management of COVID-19 - A Review
Authors: Verma Rishabh , Devi Kanchan , Qizilbash Farheen Fatima , Verma Surajpal , Vyas Manish , Haque Anzarul , Taleuzzaman Mohamad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract::
Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19) has gained much popularity not only in the
Wuhan city of China but internationally also; in January 2020, the corona rapidly spread to many
countries like the USA, Italy, Russia, India, Singapore, Pakistan, Thailand, Canada, Australia, England,
and so on through passengers traveling to other countries.
Corona patients can be cured with synthetic drugs, traditional herbal medicines (THM), use of Vitamin
D and the quarantine approach. Different allopathic medicines, herbal extracts, and vitamin D
have been observed to be useful in the treatment of novel coronavirus, like Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine,
Teicoplanin, Lopinavir+ Ritonavir, Ribavirin + corticosteroids, Glycyrrhizin, Sanguisorbae
radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sophorae radix, etc. Various antiviral drugs are used to treat
COVID-19, alone or in combination with other medications like Interferon-α, Lopinavir + Ritonavir,
Arbidol, corticosteroids, etc., and some herbal extracts; also quarantine approach and Vitamin
D are used that not only cure the infection but also boost up our immunity.
For this review article, different papers were searched on Google Scholar, Scopus, WHO’s website,
PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov and other relevant scientific research websites.
In this review article, we have discussed the current strategies that are being used to treat
COVID-19. Along with allopathic drugs, some herbal extracts can also be used to treat this novel
coronavirus, like Glycyrrhizin, Sanguisorbae radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sophorae radix, etc.
and even vitamin D.
Polymeric Nanostructures for Prospective Tribological Application in Min-iaturized Devices: A Review
Authors: Subramanian Jayalakshmi , Ramachandra Arvind Singh , Raina Ankush , Ul Haq Mir Irfan , Sharma Sanjay Mohan , Chen Xizhang 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Tribological issues severely confound smooth operation of moving elements in actuators-based miniaturized devices e.g. micro-electro-mechanical systems. At micro/nano scales, surface forces namely adhesion and friction manifest strongly and oppose relative mechanical motion of actuator elements. Topographical modification of sur-faces via surface patterning has emerged as a potential route to mitigate surface forces at small-scales.

Methods::
Capillary force lithography is a simple yet robust technique to fabricate polymer nanostructures with varying shapes/sizes. This paper presents a brief review on the capillary force lithography technique, its salient features and tribo-logical performance of nanostructures fabricated by the technique.

Conclusion::
Capillary force lithography has several attractive salient features, in particular the ability of the technique to create polymer nanopatterns of varying shapes/sizes without the need for molds with different shapes/sizes. Polymer nanostructures fabricated by the technique effectively reduce surface forces at micro/nano-scales, and are of interest for tribological application in small-scale devices.
Progressive Image Recognition Method and Its Application in Security Inspection Machines
Authors: Jianxing Wu , Dexin Zeng , Qiaodan Ju , Zixuan Chang , Hai Yu 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Owing to the ability of a deep learning algorithm to identify objects and the
related detection technology of security inspection equipment, in this paper, we propose a progressive
object recognition method that considers local information of objects.

Methods::
First, we construct an X-Base model by cascading multiple convolutions and pooling layers
to obtain the feature mapping image. Moreover, we provide a “segmented convolution, unified
recognition” strategy to detect the size of the objects.

Results::
Experimental results show that this method can effectively identify the specifications of
bags passing through the security inspection equipment. Compared with the traditional VGG and
progressive VGG recognition methods, the proposed method achieves advantages in terms of efficiency
and concurrency.

Conclusion::
This study provides a method to gradually recognize objects and can potentially assist
the operators in identifying prohibited objects.
Mechanical Property Studies on Flax Fiber Reinforced Basalt Powder Filled Polyester Composite
Authors: Arumugaprabu Veerasimman , Arunprasath Kanagaraj , Mangaleswaran Selvam , Raja Murugesh Manikanda , Jegan Rajendran 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The objective of this research is to evaluate the tensile, impact and flexural
properties of flax fiber and basalt powder filled polyester composite. Flax fiber is one of the
predominant reinforcement natural fiber which possess good mechanical properties and addition
of basalt powder as a filler provides additional support to the composite.

Methods:
The Composites are prepared using flax fiber arranged in 10 layers with varying weight percentage
of the basalt powder as 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30 wt.% respectively.

Results:
From the results it is inferred that the composite combination 10 Layers of flax / 5 wt.%,
basalt Powder absorbs more tensile load of 145 MPa. Also, for the same combination maximum
flexural strength is about 60 MPa. Interestingly in the case of impact strength more energy was
absorbed by 10 layers of flax and 30 wt.% of basalt powder. In addition, the failure mechanism of
the composites also discussed briefly using SEM studies.

Conclusion:
Flax fiber reinforced basalt powder filled polyester composites are successfully fabricated
by compression moulding method. Tensile, Flexural and Impact strength gets increased by
varying the flax fiber weight percentage.
Online Behavior Balancing Model for Influence Maximization in Twitter
Authors: Agarwal Sakshi , Mehta Shikha 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Social influence estimation is an important aspect of viral marketing. The majority of the
influence estimation models for online social networks are either based on Independent Cascade (IC) or Linear Threshold
(LT) models. These models are based on some hypothesis: (1) process of influence is irreversible; (2) classification of
user’s status is binary, i.e., either influenced or non-influenced; (3) process of influence is either single person’s
dominance or collective dominance but not the both at the same time. However, these assumptions are not always valid in
the real world, as human behavior is unpredictable.

Objective:
Develop a generalized model to handle the primary assumptions of the existing influence estimation models.

Methods:
This paper proposes a Behavior Balancing (BB) Model, which is a hybrid of IC and LT models and counters the
underlying assumptions of the contemporary models.

Results:
The efficacy of the proposed model to deal with various scenarios is evaluated over six different twitter election
integrity datasets. Results depict that BB model is able to handle the stochastic behavior of the user with up to 35%
improved accuracy in influence estimation as compared to the contemporary counterparts.

Conclusion:
The BB model employs the activity or interaction information of the user over the social network platform in
the estimation of diffusion and allows any user to alter their opinion at any time without compromising the accuracy of the
predictions.
Mobile App–Based Remote Patient Monitoring in Acute Medical Conditions: Prospective Feasibility Study Exploring Digital Health Solutions on Clinical Workload During the COVID Crisis
Authors: Shah Sachin Shailendra , Gvozdanovic Andrew , Knight Matthew , Gagnon Julien 
Published: December 2020

Background
Digital remote patient monitoring can add value to virtual wards; this has become more apparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers are overwhelmed, resulting in clinical teams spread more thinly. We aimed to assess the impact of introducing an app-based remote patient monitoring system (Huma Therapeutics) on a clinician’s workload in the context of a COVID-19–specific virtual ward.

Objective
This prospective feasibility study aimed to evaluate the health economic effects (in terms of clinical workload) of a mobile app on a telephone-based virtual ward used in the monitoring of patients with COVID-19 who are clinically ready for discharge from the hospital.

Methods
A prospective feasibility study was carried out over 1 month where clinician workload was monitored, and full-time equivalents savings were determined. An NHS hospital repurposed a telephone-based respiratory virtual ward for COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 in the amber zone (according to the National Health Service definition) were monitored for 14 days postdischarge to help identify deteriorating patients earlier. A smartphone-based app was introduced to monitor data points submitted by the patients via communication over telephone calls. We then comparatively evaluated the clinical workload between patients monitored by telephone only (cohort 1) with those monitored via mobile app and telephone (cohort 2).

Results
In all, 56 patients were enrolled in the app-based virtual ward (cohort 2). Digital remote patient monitoring resulted in a reduction in the number of phone calls from a mean total of 9 calls to 4 calls over the monitoring period. There was no change in the mean duration of phone calls (8.5 minutes) and no reports of readmission or mortality. These results equate to a mean saving of 47.60 working hours. Moreover, it translates to 3.30 fewer full-time equivalents (raw phone call data), resulting in 1.1 fewer full-time equivalents required to monitor 100 patients when adjusted for time spent reviewing app data. Individual clinicians spent an average of 10.9 minutes per day reviewing data.

Conclusions
Smartphone-based remote patient monitoring technologies may offer tangible reductions in clinician workload at a time when service is severely strained. In this small-scale pilot study, we demonstrated the economic and operational impact that digital remote patient monitoring technology can have in improving working efficiency and reducing operational costs. Although this particular RPM solution was deployed for the COVID-19 pandemic, it may set a precedent for wider utilization of digital, remote patient monitoring solutions in other clinical scenarios where increased care delivery efficiency is sought.
El narrador de cuentos en la pandemia del 2020 en la Facultad de Química
Authors: Díaz Alvarez Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2020

<p>Reflexiones sobre los efectos, primero en el docente, pero luego en el estudiante y desde luego en la Institución, de la sorpresa, la reacción ante algo ya vivido en episodios sucesivos tanto recientes como antiguos, pero además y eso es lo peor, pronosticado, pero desestimado.</p><p>El trauma causado por el choque entre la misión y la obligación, por la adaptación obligatoria que como siempre, requiere en mayor o menor grado de “recursos” que no se encuentran uniformemente distribuidos en nuestro medio.</p><p>La angustia por tener que aprender “a fuerza” a usar nuevas y complejas herramientas perdiendo de vista lo importante, pero sobre todo, ignorando cuál será el resultado que como todo lo demás es incierto en esta época tanto por la pérdida de métodos y referencias, como por la ausencia de contacto personal, de la evaluación informal, pero real del aprendizaje y hasta de la propia administración de la institución, conducida muchas veces de manera efectiva en “juntas de pasillo”, ahora casi inexistentes. </p><p>Se impone una “corrección de errores”, así como, un esfuerzo de la comunidad entera por elaborar las crónicas de este tiempo a toda prisa, antes de que la adaptación forzada, siguiendo el paso de la evolución de los medios electrónicos, nos haga olvidar y, por tanto, desperdiciar esta experiencia. </p>
Del laboratorio al aula virtual y simuladores
Authors: Vega-Rodríguez Aidee 
Published: December 2020

<span>En este texto cuento sobre la forma en la que tabajé con mis alumnos durante el confinamiento, en la que pasamos del laboratorio a clases en línea utilizando simuladores para poder ver los experimentos que debímos haber hecho en el laboratorio de manera virtual y cómo el Google Classroom me ayudó a poder seguir en contato con ellos, calificar y darles retroalimentación de forma eficiente, sin tener que estar todo el tiempo conectada con ellos. Creo que para los estudiantes también fue una buena opción de trabajo y les gustó mucho, pues recibí bastantes buenos comentarios al final del semestre de la forma en la que se terminaron las clases. </span>