bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network intervention analysis to assess the trajectory of change and treatment effects associated with the use of online guided self‐help for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cardi Valentina , Ambwani Suman , Cascino Giammarco , Albano Gaia , Pellegrino Francesca , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to use the innovative technique of Network Intervention Analysis (NIA) to examine the trajectory of symptom change associated with the use of a digital guided self‐help intervention (RecoveryMANTRA) to augment treatment as usual in adult anorexia nervosa.MethodsSelf‐reported eating disorder symptoms and mood (stress, anxiety and depression), work and social adjustment, motivation and treatment (Treatment as usual + RecoveryMANTRAand Treatment as usual) were included as nodes in the network and examined using NIA. Networks were computed at baseline (n = 88, 99), at end of treatment (6 weeks, n = 71, 75) and at 6‐ (n = 58, 63) and 12‐month (n = 52, 63) follow‐up.ResultsRecoveryMANTRA was associated with a direct effect on anxiety, shape concern and restraint at the end of the intervention. This effect was not maintained at follow‐up. There were no direct effects of RecoveryMANTRA on motivation, stress and depression.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that RecoveryMANTRA exerts a direct effect on eating disorder symptoms and anxiety. NIA is a promising method to evaluate trajectories of clinical change and direct and indirect effects of a therapeutic intervention compared to a control condition.
The dental healthcare professionals’ competence in mentoring students in the clinical practice
Authors: Keinänen Anna‐Leena , Mikkonen Kristina , Lähdesmäki Raija , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate dentists’, dental hygienists’ and dental assistants’ competence in mentoring students and to identify distinct mentor profiles.MethodsThe study employed a cross‐sectional design. Data were collected using the Mentors’ Competence Instrument (MCI), which includes 45 items structured under seven mentoring competence sub‐dimensions. The data were collected during autumn 2017 from dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants working in the Finnish primary healthcare (n = 1097) using a paper survey, whilst dentists (n = 26) who have completed mentoring education in one university completed an electronic questionnaire. Cases with more than 5% missing data (n = 164) were listwise deleted, whilst the remaining data (n = 933) underwent analysis. K‐mean clustering was used to identify significantly different mentor profiles, whilst comparisons of mentoring competence between the identified profiles were performed with Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests.ResultsThree distinct mentor profiles (A, B and C) that differed in the level of mentoring competence were identified. The participants in profile A encompassed mostly dental assistants, profile B included mostly dental assistants and dentists, and profile C mainly comprised dentists and dental assistants. Profiles A, B and C differed significantly in terms of education, job title, role of mentor and participation in mentoring education. The largest difference in competence was observed between participants of profiles A and C. Each profile differed significantly from the other two across all seven competence areas. Most of the participants had not previously received any mentoring education.ConclusionThere is room for improvement in the competence of dentistry student mentors, especially regarding knowledge of effective mentoring practices, goal‐oriented mentoring, mentor characteristics and motivation for mentoring. Every mentor that works with oral healthcare students should receive mentoring training.
Inefficient resource allocation is associated with reduced alpha activity in parietal regions in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Weber Jan , Abeln Vera , Steichele Kathrin , Foitschik Tina , Stuckenschneider Tim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe brain's ability to act as an input filter and to suppress actions is crucial to navigate everyday life and impairments in these abilities affect quality of life substantially. Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily known as a movement disorder, recent research has redefined it as a multisystem disorder affecting cognition, in particular inhibitory control and attentional resource allocation. Analysing the neural mechanisms underlying this cognitive deficit provides a better understanding of brain changes observed in patients affected by PD. Therefore, this study aimed to identify resource allocation to relevant and irrelevant stimuli in patients affected by PD. Besides neuropsychological tests, we employed electroencephalographic recordings during an auditory oddball paradigm in 13 patients suffering from idiopathic PD and 11 healthy controls (HC). Participants were instructed to ignore the standard stimulus and to respond as fast as possible to the rarely presented target tone. Event‐related potentials (ERP) and time‐frequency representations (TFR) were analyzed. Patients affected by PD showed faster response latencies to the task‐irrelevant standard tones, but slower response latencies to target tones compared to HC. This observation was prominent at frontal sites during later P3‐like processing stages. Reaction time, however, was prolonged in patients with PD, suggesting inefficient resource allocation. Additionally, TFR revealed reduced parietal alpha activity, which is associated with distractor suppression and functional inhibition in patients with PD compared to healthy controls. Thus, our results point towards inefficient resource allocation in patients with PD possibly driven by less functional inhibition through parietal alpha activity.
Selection against immigrants in wild seabird populations
Authors: Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmigration is a major demographic parameter shaping population dynamics and is an important driver of eco‐evolutionary patterns, but the fitness consequences for individuals following their settlement to a new population (immigrants) remain poorly tested in wild animal populations, particularly among long‐lived species. Here we show that immigrants have a lower fitness than residents in three wild seabird populations (wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides, snow petrel Pagodroma nivea). Across all species and during a 32‐year period, immigrants made on average −9 to 29% fewer breeding attempts, had 5–31% fewer fledglings, had 2–16% lower breeding success and produced 6–46% fewer recruits. Female immigration and male residency were also favored through differences in breeding performance. We provide evidence for selection against immigrants in wild populations of long‐lived species and our results are consistent with female‐biased dispersal in birds being driven by asymmetric limiting resources and the competitive ability of dispersers vs. non‐dispersers.
The Swedish Brief Coparenting Relationship Scale: Psychometrics and Concurrent Validity Among Primiparous and Multiparous Fathers
Authors: Lee Jin‐kyung , Feinberg Mark E. , Wells Michael B. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Swedish translation of the Brief Coparenting Relationship Scale (B‐CRS) among Swedish fathers.BackgroundThe transition to parenthood is a challenging period for many parents, but high‐quality coparenting can promote parental mental health, self‐efficacy, positive parenting skills, and children's healthy development. However, no study has validated a measure of coparenting for Swedish parents. In addition, it is unknown whether primiparous and multiparous fathers' coparenting differs.MethodFor this pilot study, 170 fathers of infants participated in an online survey and completed a follow‐up survey 6 months later.Resultst‐Tests comparing primiparous and multiparous fathers showed no significant differences, and, therefore, these participants were grouped together for subsequent analyses. This reinforces that the coparenting relationship, is consistent and thus reflects its importance for couples to develop high‐quality coparenting with their first child. Consistent with previous research from other countries, this study demonstrates good internal consistency with the B‐CRS. Six subscales were highly correlated with the overall B‐CRS score: Coparenting Agreement, Endorsement of Partner's Parenting, Coparenting Closeness, Coparenting Support, Coparenting Undermining, and Exposure to Conflict. Better coparenting quality, as measured by the B‐CRS, was linked to lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of father–infant bonding.ConclusionsThese results support the use of the B‐CRS in Sweden as a reliable and valid measure of coparenting.ImplicationsCoparenting should be given greater consideration in future studies of new parent experiences and adjustment in Sweden.
Long‐term biochar application promotes rice productivity by regulating root dynamic development and reducing nitrogen leaching
Authors: Liu Bitao , Li Hongliang , Li Hongbo , Zhang Aiping , Rengel Zed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiochar is beneficial for improving soil quality and crop productivity. However, the long‐term effects of biochar addition on temporal dynamics of plant shoot and root growth, and the changes in soil properties and nitrogen (N) leaching are still obscure. Here, based on a long‐term (7 years) biochar field experiment with rice in northwest China, we investigated the effects of two biochar rates (0 and 9 t ha−1 year−1) and two N fertilizer rates (0 and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) on shoot and root growth, root morphology, N leaching, and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that both biochar and N fertilizer significantly promoted rice growth, with their interaction significant only in some cases. Both fertilizers enhanced rice shoot biomass and N accumulation in various growth stages as well as increased grain yield. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted root growth regardless of biochar application. However, biochar application without N fertilizer increased root biomass and length during the whole growth period, except in the booting stage; biochar with N application promoted root growth at tillering, reduced root biomass but maintained root length with low root diameter and high specific root length during the jointing and booting stages, and then delayed root senescence in the grain filling stage. Long‐term applications of biochar and N fertilizer reduced 10%–12% bulk density of topsoil compared to the control treatment with no N fertilizer and no biochar. Long‐term biochar application also improved soil total organic carbon and concentrations of available N, phosphorus, and potassium. In addition, biochar and N fertilizer applied together significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium concentration in leachate at different soil depths. In conclusion, biochar could regulate root growth, root morphology, soil properties, and N leaching to increase rice N fertilizer‐use efficiency.
Demographics, Headache Features, and Comorbidity Profiles in Relation to Headache Frequency in People With Migraine: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Reed Michael L. , Fanning Kristina M. , Bostic Ryan C. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMigraine is typically divided into 2 headache frequency denominated categories, episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). Characterizing more narrow headache day frequency groups may be of value for better understanding the broad range of migraine experience and making treatment decisions.ObjectiveTo characterize the impact and burden of migraine in 4 monthly headache day (MHD) categories.MethodsRespondents to the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study 2005 survey who met criteria for migraine were categorized into low frequency episodic migraine (LFEM) 0‐3, moderate frequency episodic migraine (MFEM) 4‐7, high frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) 8‐14, and CM with ≥15 headache days per month. Data including sociodemographics, headache features and symptomology, comorbidities, cutaneous allodynia, and severe migraine‐related disability were compared among groups. We combined the low‐ and medium‐frequency EM groups (L/MFEM) and compared them with the HFEM group in 1 set of models and compared the HFEM and CM groups in a second set of models. Binary logistic regression, linear regression, and ordered logistic regression were used depending upon the variable type and adjusted for sociodemographics.ResultsAmong 11,603 eligible respondents with migraine, 67.7% (7860/11,603) were categorized with LFEM, 17.7% (2051/11,603) with MFEM, 7.8% (898/11,603) with HFEM, and 6.8% (794/11,603) with CM. The mean age was 46 (SD 13.7), 80.2% (9301/11,603) were female, and 90.0% (10,187/11,323) were White, 6.9% were Black (784/11,323), and 3.1% (352/11,323) were identified as Other race(s). Individuals with HFEM differed from L/MFEM on a wide range of sociodemographic variables in the categories of headache features, disability, and comorbidities while few differences were found when modeling HFEM vs CM. In comparison with L/MFEM and HFEM, the HFEM group was more likely to have severe disability (P < .001 OR = 1.74 [1.42, 2.15]), chronic pain (P ≤ .007 OR = 1.35 [1.09, 1.69]), arthritis (P = .001 OR = 1.44 [1.15, 1.80]), high cholesterol (P = .005, OR = 1.37 [1.10, 1.70]), ulcers (P = .016, OR = 1.44 [1.07, 1.93]), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9]) (P < .001 OR = 1.50 [1.22, 1.84]).ConclusionWhile rates of migraine symptoms, headache impact and disability, and comorbidities generally increased with increases in MHD frequency, respondents with HFEM and CM were remarkably similar on a broad range of variables including sociodemographics, disability/impact, and comorbidities. There were many more significant differences between the HFEM and L/MFEM groups on the same variables. Future work should use empirical strategies to identify naturally occurring groups and possibly reconsider the boundary between CM and HFEM.
The development of higher education in Japan and the United Kingdom: The impact of neoliberalism
Authors: Brazzill Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a growing consensus in political science research that higher education systems are classifiable into stable distinct types that reflect dominant trends in government partisanship. There is also a large body of higher education research that argues that higher education systems are changing and converging upon a neoliberal type, which is not yet reflected in the political science literature. This paper seeks to reconcile these two positions by looking at both the development of higher education systems in the post‐war period and subsequent systemic reforms that have been identified as neoliberal. There have been two main targets of reform: (a) the role the state plays in funding and targeting research, and (b) student finance regimes consisting of tuition fees and the system of financial aid. This paper provides an in‐depth look at the cases of Japan and the United Kingdom, which developed into very different systems in the post‐war period but have since shown slight convergence on the back of neoliberal reforms.
Incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash into Al2O3 ceramic tapes
Authors: Silva Larissa B. , Alves Hugo P. A. , Freitas Anna K. C. , Marques Sheyla K. J. , Acchar Wilson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (HTCC) technology aims to incorporate fluxing materials into ceramic tapes to decrease the sintering temperature. In this context, we incorporate waste from sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) into alumina (Al2O3) tapes. We report an experimental investigation of the structural, physical, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the Al2O3 tape with the addition of the SCBA waste. The tape casting technique prepared the ceramic tape. The materials under study were characterized by rheology, thermogravimetry, dilatometry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, relative density, Vickers microhardness, mechanical resistance, and dielectric measurements. The dilatometry results confirm that the addition of the SCBA waste remarkably reduces the sintering temperature of the Al2O3 tape to 1200°C. The physical, mechanical, and dielectric properties are improved with the addition of the SCBA waste, which makes our discoveries attractive from an environmental and economic point of view. Besides, the stabilization and high dielectric constant of the Al2O3‐SCBA tape becomes a promising material for aircraft turbine applications.
Falsely decreased FVIII activity following pneumatic tube transport
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Lin , Liang Hanyu , Wei Jia , Wu Yining , Wang Xueying , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe pneumatic tube system (PTS) is widely used for sample delivery. We aimed to investigate the impacts of PTS on hemostasis assays.MethodsTriplicate samples from 30 healthy volunteers were delivered to the core laboratory manually by human courier or via the 500 m long‐distance PTS or via the 1000 m long‐distance PTS. Comparisons of 19 hemostasis tests were conducted.ResultsAlthough PT, INR, APTT, FII, FV, FVII FIX, FX, FXII, DD, α2‐PI, and PC had statistical significance (all P < .05), all had low average bias remaining within clinical acceptable limits. PTS transportation only resulted in a statistically significant and clinically relevant decrease in FVIII activity. In the 500 m‐PTS group, 66.7% (20/30) of samples for FVIII testing had a bias greater than 8.3%. Moreover, in the 1000 m‐PTS group, 96.7% (29/30) of samples had a bias of over 8.3%, and the maximal bias achieved 42.1%.ConclusionsPneumatic tube system in our institution could be used to deliver blood samples for hemostasis tests evaluated in this study except FVIII activity assay.
Weight‐based teasing in youth: Associations with metabolic and inflammatory markers
Authors: Schvey Natasha A. , Shank Lisa M. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Ramirez Sophie , Altman Deborah R. , Swanson Taylor , Rubin Alex G. , Kelly Nichole R. , LeMay‐Russell Sarah , Byrne Meghan E. , Parker Megan N. , Broadney Miranda M. , Brady Sheila M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundResearch among adults suggests that weight stigma is associated with worsened cardiometabolic health. However, these relationships have not been examined among youth.ObjectiveAssess associations between weight‐based teasing (WBT) and metabolic and inflammatory markers among two samples of youth: (1) a non‐treatment‐seeking sample and (2) a weight loss treatment‐seeking sample with obesity.MethodWeight, height, adiposity, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected for metabolic (triglycerides, glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) and inflammatory analytes (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in Study 1 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in both studies). Youths completed the Perception of Teasing Scale, a measure of WBT. Metabolic and inflammatory indices were compared between those with and without teasing, adjusting for demographics and body composition.ResultsStudy 1 enrolled 201 non‐treatment‐seeking youth (Mage = 13.1y; 54.2% female; 44.8% non‐Hispanic White; 32.8% with overweight/obesity); 15.4% reported WBT. Study 2 enrolled 111 treatment‐seeking adolescents with obesity (Mage = 14.0y; 66.7% female; 37.8% non‐Hispanic White); 73.0% reported WBT. Adjusting for covariates, WBT was not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in either study.ConclusionsWBT was not associated with worsened cardiometabolic health. Longitudinal research is needed to elucidate associations between WBT and health in youth.
Chemically driven synthesis of Ti3+ self‐doped Li4Ti5O12 spinel in molten salt
Authors: Xie Zhigang , Song Qiushi , Xie Hongwei , Yin Huayi , Ning Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurface doping of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) with Ti3+ ions is an effective way to enhance its electrochemical properties for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a molten salt approach was reported to synthesize Ti3+ self‐doped LTO powder. The reaction mechanism and the role of molten salt for the synthesis have been systemically discussed. Finally, electrochemical performance of the LTO powder was preliminarily evaluated as anode material of LIBs. The molten salt accelerated the mass transportation for the formation of LTO by transferring a solid diffusion to the diffusion of ions in a liquid media. Self‐doping of Ti3+ ions on the surface of LTO particles was achieved by controlling equilibriums of chemical reactions in the reactor. Electrochemical performance of the LTO powders was effectively promoted by doping Ti3+ ions on the surface. The discharge capacity of the Ti3+ self‐doped LTO powder prepared at 850°C was 171 mAhg−1, and the capacity dacayed 9.9% after 200 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C.
High abundance of human herpesvirus 8 in wastewater from a large urban area
Authors: Miyani B. , McCall C. , Xagoraraki I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
This study assesses the diversity and abundance of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) in the influent of an urban wastewater treatment plant using shotgun sequencing, metagenomic analysis and qPCR.

Methods and Results
Influent wastewater samples were collected from the three interceptors that serve the City of Detroit and Wayne, Macomb and Oakland counties between November 2017 to February 2018. The samples were subjected to a series of processes to concentrate viruses which were further sequenced and amplified using qPCR. All nine types of HHV were detected in wastewater. Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), known as Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus, which is only prevalent in 5–10% of USA population, was found to be the most abundant followed by HHV-3 or Varicella-zoster virus.

Conclusions
The high abundance of HHV-8 in the Detroit metropolitan area may be attributed to the HIV-AIDS outbreak that was ongoing in Detroit during the sampling period.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The approach described in this paper can be used to establish a baseline of viruses secreted by the community as a whole. Sudden changes in the baseline would identify changes in community health and immunity.