bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Equations in Two Variables STEM Education Learning Activities: Developing the Household Power Consumption Calculator App
Authors: Ebal Crispin D. , Luga Mary Joy F. , Flores Maria Rebecca O. , Zabala Dante Joma P. , Buan Amelia T. , Yuenyong Chokchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The lesson was developed with the collaboration of experienced teachers through brainstorming and small-group conference. Social issue about electric consumption usage and rate were identified as part of the lesson. The content and skills to be learned in this lesson aligned to the K-12 curriculum. The topics identified were linear equation in two variables for mathematics and renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy for science. In this unit, students develop a prototype of a mobile application that calculates actual household electric consumption. The application aims to help household units to closely monitor their electric consumption in order to lessen the said consumption and to promote household budget savings. The outcome of this lesson contributes to globe’s quest to fight against climate change and global warming since electric consumption of households will be lessened. The paper may has implication for STEM education.
STEM education program: manufacturing mixture of phosphate and potash fertilizer straws and waste of animal bones
Authors: Duc Nguyen Mau , Ninh Tran Trung , Toan Ngo Thi , Hai Kieu Thi , Yuenyong Chokchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
STEM educational orientation program is one interdisciplinary approaching way during study which consists of academic terms with principle characteristics combines with lectures in real life. Joining in STEM educational orientation program, students will have practical experience, thus they have opportunities to develop their capabilities including ability to apply knowledge and skills (AAK&S), help students to improve study skills and methods such as planning, analyzing, summarizing information, suggest creative solutions; encourage motivation, benefits and study activities. Based on the foundation of utilizing STEM educational orientation program in teaching, it can be a direction to develop student’s capabilities. In this study, the author instructed students to research “Manufacturing mixture of phosphate and potash fertilizer from straws and waste of animal bones” following STEM educational orientation program in improving abilities and applying Chemistry knowledge to life for the student. The result shows STEM system could handle the theoretical weight situation, help students shape and develop core competencies, specialized Chemistry and especially, the ability to apply knowledge and skills in a systematic and solid manner.
Developing Ellipse Properties Learning Unit with Computer Assisted Learning through GeoGebra software for Thai High School Students
Authors: Setthaphongsakorn Suphanat , Yuenyong Chokchai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the developing ellipse properties learning with computer assisted learning through GeoGebra software for Thai high school students. Participants include 40 Grade 10 students who were studying in Khon Kaen University Demonstration secondary school, academic year of 2016. Methodology regarded qualitative research. The intervention of Geometry with GeoGebra was provided for semester. The paper will explain how the GeoGebra will be provided for the opportunity students to construct and dynamically visualize geometric figures. GeoGebra builds a dynamic ellipse to show the characteristic of the points that form the ellipse. And, students may find the relation between two points on the ellipse by using GeoGebra. The unit provide students to generate their representation to explain ellipse definition and properties when they on tasks with the GeoGebra.
Integrating Nature Conservation and Biodiversity Education in Teaching in General schools in Vietnam
Authors: Oai Le Thanh , Thanh Hoi Phan Thi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Conservation of nature and biodiversity is the responsibility of the whole society, of all management agencies and of individuals, each of whom needs to be aware of their roles and actions that contribute to nature and biodiversity conservation. The education of nature and biodiversity conservation for school students contributes to creating responsible citizens in the future. On the basis of analyzing a number of key concepts such as nature and biodiversity conservation; general analysis of the situation of biodiversity in Vietnam and degradation, in this article, we introduce some integrated methods, teaching methods and techniques to integrate nature and biodiversity conservation education into teaching in secondary schools in Vietnam which contributes to the development of knowledge and skills on nature and biodiversity conservation for secondary school students.
Current Situation of Problem Solving Ability Development for Chemistry Teaching at High Schools of Lao PDR
Authors: Volayuth Khongvilay , Ninh Tran Trung , Yuenyong Chokchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Education in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) plays an important role in the development of national construction and defense. Among subjects at High schools, Chemistry is one in the field of natural science with many applications. However, nowadays, despite many achievements, the reality of teaching chemistry at High school has showed a lot of inadequacies. This article addresses some of the problems in the development of problem solving ability in chemistry-teaching at high schools in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
Developing the innovative inquiry-based lesson plan through lesson study
Authors: Canalita Everlita E. , Buan Amelia T. , Amboayan Nikki B. , Mindalano Jabber I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to develop an innovative inquiry-based lesson plan through lesson study (LS) [2]. LS is considered as an updated professional development which aims at improving the teaching process and students’ learning [16]. The lesson plan makes use of 7E learning cycle [5] embedded with inquiry activities that transform an ordinary classroom setting into an active student-centered learning environment [8]. The lesson model includes the following stages (1) Elicit, (2) Engage, (3) Explore, (4) Explain, (5) Elaborate, (6) Evaluate and (7) Extend. The research lesson made by the lesson study (LS) team was innovated gradually every after each implementation cycle. Revisions were done based on observations such as students’ responses, teacher-student interaction or student-student interaction depending on how students view the lesson and how the group activity work smoothly. The innovative lesson plan has refined three times, based on the needs of the students. It is also evident in the implementation that students’ learning and motivation are dependent on the scaffolding questions and the ability of the teacher to connect relationships that would help students contextualized the concepts in real life experiences.
Development of Mathematics Collaborative Problem-Solving Skills Scale
Authors: Medina Joneil B. , Buan Amelia T. , Mendoza Josie Vic D. , Liwanag Grace P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is one of the most critical and necessary skills in education and workplace; hence, its assessment is a necessary subject of research. CPS assessment tools must be crafted to establish the effectiveness of the pedagogies to CPS development. Therefore, to address these gaps, this study developed a Likert scale called Mathematics Collaborative Problem Solving Skills (MaCoPSS) Scale. The scale development followed the process: (1) item generation, (2) item evaluation, (3) try-outs, (4) Exploratory Analysis, (5) final evaluation. Open-ended questionnaires were administered to 273 respondents. After analysis, 551 statements were produced as initial item pool. The items are evaluated and only 59 of them are used for the draft scale for the try-outs. The scale was administered to 648 students for the try-outs and responses were cleaned then subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Two factors, namely social skills (SS) and problem-solving skills (PSS) were extracted. To establish internal consistency, the factors are correlated to one another (r=0.708), and factor to total raw score (TRS) correlations are highly correlated: SS-TRS (r=0.955) and PSS-TRS (r=0.894). The final scale consists of 27 SS and 17 PSS items. The overall reliability coefficient of the scale is α=0.941. The resulting scale is considered valid and reliable.
Explicit Nature of Science in the STS Contact Lens “Big Eyes” Unit
Authors: Attapan Nonglak , Yuenyong Chokchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper aimed to explain Grade 11 students’ view of nature of science (NOS) in the STS contact lens “big eyes” unit and explicit NOS. The STS contact lens “big eyes” provided students to learn about refraction, thin lens, eyes and vision through science technology and society (STS) approach and learning activities of explicit NOS. Participants included 15 Grade 11 students who study in Kaewsadet school, Kalasin, 2nd semester, academic year of 2011. Students’ views of NOS were interpreted through students’ responses in learning activities of explicit NOS, participant observation, journal writing, and interviewing. Students’ responses were categorized regarding 8 aspects of NOS. These 8 aspects included (1) scientific knowledge demands evidences; (2) tentativeness of scientific knowledge; (3) laws and theories; (4) scientific methods (no universal scientific method); (5) subjective in that science is a human endeavor and investigations are conducted within the context of particular theoretical frameworks; (6) partly the product of inference, imagination, and creativity; (7) socially and culturally embedded (can be influenced by contextual factors outside of the scientific community); and (8) developed from a combination of observation and inferences. The paper will discuss students’ views of NOS that were showed in explicit NOS activities of the STS contact lens “big eyes unit. This paper has implications for enhancing students’ understanding of NOS in Thailand
Teachers as Makers: The Key Provision of Teacher Preparations for STEM Education
Authors: Chamrat Suthida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study explores how learning activities based on maker concepts prepared pre-service teachers entering the STEM Education pipeline. 25 pre-service science teachers from the faculty of education at Chiang Mai University enrolled in an Independent Study in Science Teaching course. The course was called “Integrating maker concepts and STEM Education.” The course sought to integrate existing science objectives with maker concepts and activities. Pre-service teachers were divided into 8 groups. Each group had to write and present a proposal, develop their instruments/Makings, try it out in schools, submit full reports, present and review peers’ final reports, attend a regional STEM festival where they participated in poster presentations. Using the collected data from a shared Google Drive, Video recordings, interviews, and extended activities, the findings indicated that STEM concepts and practices could be conveyed to pre-service teachers by instilling the maker mindset. From the 8 groups, 3 themes emerged: research in science education, science project, and STEM Education which consisted of 1, 1 and 6 projects, respectively. The creation of artefacts or Makings required scientific and mathematical concepts, empirical testing, and technological design. These enabled pre-service teachers to understand and practice teaching and learning in the STEM field. Event case study was employed as research methodology. Details of 8 pre-service teacher projects and 5 assertions of research findings are described.
Mooring System Design for the 10MW Triple Spar Floating Wind Turbine at a 180 m Sea Depth Location
Authors: Azcona José , Vittori Felipe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This works presents a methodology for the design of a mooring system for the Triple Spar floating wind turbine that supports the INNWIND 10MW wind turbine. The mooring system keeps the platform at the desired location and avoids the drift caused by wind, currents and nonlinear hydrodynamics. A semi-taut mooring system configuration, combining steel chain and polyester is chosen to reduce the cost. The basic configuration is defined using static equations and provides a smooth relationship between the restoring force and the displacement, to prevent snap loads. A dynamic analysis for the environmental conditions of the Gulf of Maine is performed to verify the performance of the design. The tensions on the lines are well below the maximum breaking limit for the different materials. Nevertheless, the chain weight can not be decreased as it provides the required mooring system stiffness. It has been verified that the polyester segment does not contact the seabed that could potentially damage it. The dynamic analysis also shows that the anchors do not experience vertical forces and the lines do not impact the platform heave plates. A complete load analysis must be performed to fully validate the proposed design.
Effect of wind flow direction on the loads at wind farm
Authors: Kazacoks Romans , Amos Lindsey , Leithead Prof William 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of wind flow direction on the fatigue loads on wind turbine within a wind farm, to determine the most critically loaded machines within the wind farm. The fatigue loads are calculated according IEC standards. In this study, the two layouts are considered. Additionally, this paper includes the effect of wind flow direction on the power efficiency of the wind farm for the two layouts. The simulations performed by StrathFarm, which is an in-house developed wind farm modeling tool, for the below and above rated wind speed flow with turbulence. In the regular and installed regular layouts at zeros degree of the prevailing wind flow direction, the spacing among turbines is eight diameters. At 90 degrees of wind flow direction the spacing between turbines is five diameters. The simulations demonstrate that the majority of the maximum fatigue loads occur at the range 40 and 70 degrees for the two layouts. However, there is small number of machines, which are experienced the highest fatigue loads at 90 degrees of wind flow direction. For the two layout the lowest power efficiency occurs at 10 degrees of wind flow direction. The regular layout is experienced same power efficiency at five and eight diameters spacing among turbine in the wind flow direction. The highest power efficiency occurs at wind flow angles, which produce the highest fatigue loads.
Development of coupling module between BHawC aeroelastic software and OrcaFlex for coupled dynamic analysis of floating wind turbines
Authors: Arramounet V , Winter C.E. de , Maljaars N , Girardin S , Robic H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) dynamic analysis can be quite challenging as it requires to model within the same calculation aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, controller, moorings and structure behaviour. Mooring and anchor design are strongly affecting FOWTs dynamic behaviour. Also, floater structural behaviour can be complex to model in a decoupled finite element analysis software. To do so, Innosea and Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy developed a coupling between BHawC software and OrcaFlex software. BHawC is a nonlinear aeroelastic tool performing dynamic analysis of wind turbines. OrcaFlex is a generalist offshore marine engineering software that can perform the dynamic analysis of floaters and their mooring system. This paper describes the method and the mathematical background that is used to perform detailed time-domain simulations of a floating wind turbine coupling BHawC and OrcaFlex. The coupling is verified comparing time domain simulations on several load cases for rigid floaters coupled to a turbine with a rigid RNA. This shows a good agreement which confirms the correctness of the coupling.
Operation of aerial inspections vehicles in HVDC environments Part A: Evaluation and mitigation of high electrostatic field impact
Authors: Heggo M , Kabbabe K , Peesapati V , Gardner R , Watson S , Crowther W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Offshore high voltage DC (HVDC) wind farms offer a promising solution to growing energy demands in the future. Condition monitoring of substation assets is essential for reliable and resilient operation of electrical networks. Existing condition monitoring techniques for onshore substation and electrical network assets include regular and scheduled on-site visits by trained personnel to substation sites. However, such routine inspection is not a cost-effective solution for offshore sites. In cases where the accessibility to network assets becomes difficult, robotic and autonomous condition monitoring provides a solution. Such a robotic/autonomous solution would need to interact with the surrounding substation environment, without increasing the risk of electrical breakdown and flashovers between different energized components. In Part A of this paper, the effect of high electrostatic fields on an inspection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is analyzed, with respect to: 1) AC corona emissions interference on the UAV, and 2) Air breakdown clearance characteristics. Both simulations and experiment results presented in the paper show the impact of corona emissions interference to both UAV autopilot and actuation sections, which requires a shielding mitigation solution. Also, experiment results show the limited effect of introducing a shielding solution on increasing the flashover risk between valve hall towers.
Operation of aerial inspections vehicles in HVDC environments Part B: Evaluation and mitigation of magnetic field impact
Authors: Heggo M , Mohammed A , Melecio J , Kabbabe K , Tuohy P , Watson S , Djurovic S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using robotic systems to conduct remote inspections of offshore wind farm HVDC converter stations has been proposed as a promising solution to reduce the operation and maintenance (O&M) down-time and costs. However, the nature of the electromagnetic field environment inside HVDC valve halls presents a challenge for the operation of traditional off-shelf inspection robots. High electrostatic interference to inspection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been studied in Part A of this paper. In Part B, the impact of the external magnetic field on the operation of an inspection quadcopter‘s propulsion motors is assessed. An experimental method is proposed to identify the maximum magnetic field tolerable by off-the-shelf quadcopter motors. The reported method can be used to test commercial off-the-shelf quadcopter motors to identify their suitability for use in HVDC valve halls inspection robots. The paper experimental results show the failure of direct torque control (DTC) algorithm, that is used in quadcopters speed controllers in mitigating the magnetic field impact on motor‘s speed and current consumption.
Wind-wave directional effects on fatigue of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbine
Authors: Sørum S H , Krokstad J R , Amdahl J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current trend for offshore wind energy is that larger turbines are placed on monopile foundations at increasing water depth. This requires larger foundations, increasing the importance of hydrodynamic loading. It is well established that wave loads perpendicular to the wind direction are important for the fatigue damage in monopile foundations. However, this is normally only taken into account considering wind-wave misalignment. In this paper, the effect of assuming short-crested waves in design calculations is considered. The lifetime fatigue damage may increase significantly for hydrodynamically sensitive support structures when modelling the waves as short-crested rather than long-crested. For the turbines in this paper, the fatigue damage increased with up to 80 %. At the same time, the changes in fatigue damage were small for support structures that are less hydrodynamically sensitive. The work performed in this paper shows that the typical design assumption of long-crested waves may be both conservative and non-conservative. This fact is important to be aware of when designing support structures for offshore wind turbines.
Collection Grid Optimization of a Floating Offshore Wind Farm Using Particle Swarm Theory
Authors: Lerch Markus , De-Prada-Gil Mikel , Molins Climent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Floating substructures for offshore wind turbines is a promising solution in order to harness the vast wind potential of deep water sites where bottom-fixed turbines are not feasible. The electrical system of large scale floating offshore wind farms will experience the application of new technologies and installation procedures that likely affect the cost-competitiveness. Thus, in this work, an optimization model based on the particle swarm theory is presented that allows optimizing the collection grid of a floating offshore wind farm. The developed model is applied to a study case consisting of a 500MW floating offshore wind farm located at the Golfe de Fos in the Mediterranean Sea. The resulting layout allows to reduce the total cost of the collection grid by more than 6% and to decrease the energy losses by 8% compared to the actual layout. Besides this, a further study analyzes the effect of a quantity discount with a reduced number of power cable cross sections.
Stochastic load effect characterization of floating wind turbine support structures
Authors: Okpokparoro Salem , Sriramula Srinivas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Achieving substantial reductions in Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of floating wind turbines (FWTs) requires robust reliability assessment that accounts for inherent design uncertainties. A key aspect of such reliability assessment is the definition of limit states. In this regard, load effects need to be evaluated accurately. This paper presents a computational framework for evaluating load effects on FWT support structures. The computed load effect is subsequently characterized. A high fidelity finite element model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5MW reference turbine mounted on the OC3-Hywind spar buoy was developed and validated for this purpose. The loads from fully coupled time domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations are transferred for detailed finite element (FE) load effect computation in Abaqus. Matlab® and Python are used as the computational tools for automating the whole analysis from start to finish. The initial part of this study addresses the amount of run-in-time to be excluded from response statistics. Based on convergence studies carried out, recommendations are made for run-in-time to be excluded from response statistics. The maximum von Mises stress in the tower as a measure of yielding is the load effect investigated in this study.