bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation der Ösophagoskopie im Staging und Restaging von Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen
Authors: Weber Lena , Blachutzik Oliver , Vielsmeier Veronika , Andorfer Kornelia , Matthias Christoph , Künzel Julian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Ösophagoskopie als Teil der Panendoskopie ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik und Nachsorge von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen (HNSCC). Zweitkarzinome haben gravierenden Einfluss auf die Therapie der Primärerkrankung. Diese Arbeit soll prüfen, ob die routinemäßige Ösophagoskopie gerechtfertigt ist oder ob prädiktive Faktoren eine Selektion von Patienten mit erhöhtem Risikoprofil erlauben.Material und Methoden In einem systematischen Review wurden die Inzidenz von Zweitkarzinomen des Ösophagus und die Komplikationsrate der Ösophagoskopie erfasst. Eine retrospektive Auswertung erfolgte am eigenen Patientenkollektiv. Zur Evaluation der gängigen Praxis an deutschen HNO-Kliniken wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt.Ergebnisse 1053 Ösophagoskopien bei 800 Patienten mit HNSCC wurden ausgewertet. Es traten 7 (0,9 %) synchrone Zweittumoren auf. In 253 Kontroll-Ösophagoskopien wurden 5 (2 %) metachrone Zweittumoren detektiert. In einem Fall (0,1 %) kam es zu einer iatrogenen Perforation. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Risikofaktoren (Noxen, Lokalisation Primärtumor etc.) und der Inzidenz von Zweitkarzinomen wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Das Literaturreview ergab eine mittlere gewichtete Inzidenz der Zweitkarzinome für Europa/USA von 1,8 % und 4,1 % für Asien sowie eine Rate der iatrogenen Ösophagusperforation von 0–0,2 %. Die Umfrage zeigte eine routinemäßige Durchführung der Ösophagoskopie im Staging (100 %), in der Nachsorge in 65,3 %.Schlussfolgerungen Die Ösophagoskopie ist ein sicheres Verfahren zum Ausschluss eines Zweitkarzinoms des Ösophagus. Um eine Patientenselektion nach entsprechendem Risikoprofil – insbesondere in der Tumornachsorge – zu ermöglichen, sind prospektive multizentrische Studien erforderlich.
Plastic-Reconstructive Treatment Algorithm for Dead Space Management Following Septic Total Hip Arthroplasty Removal: AV Loop and Two-Stage Free Myocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Münchow Sandra , Dragu Adrian , Rammelt Stefan , Reeps Christian , Stiehler Maik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background A 61-year-old patient presented with a right Girdlestone hip and wound dehiscence due to extensive dead space after radical debridement and septic arthroplasty removal. A two-stage reconstruction with the application of a subcutaneous autologous arterio-venous (AV) loop using an autologous vena saphena magna (VSM) interposition graft followed by a free latissimus dorsi flap was performed.
Method We decided to perform a two-stage procedure with AV loop creation in the first step and free flap transplantation seven days after it. In the first step, an AV vascular loop was prepared by transplanting the contralateral VSM interposition graft to the inguinal femoral vessels with subcutaneous passage of the venous loop. In the second step after 7 days, the wound was closed by a two-team approach. One surgical team completed the wound debridement, while the other team harvested the flap by microsurgical preparation of the thoracodorsal pedicle in the right axilla. Upon completed harvest, the flap was placed into the wound to fill the periosseous dead space, and the anastomosis was performed in an end-to-end fashion.
Result The patient remained free of infection with a well-healed flap. He was mobilized on crutches with partial weight bearing on the operated leg. A lower extremity prosthesis with pelvic support was customized.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Small-Group Training in Teaching Medical Students Integral Clinical Eye Examination Skills
Authors: Lee John Y. , Gallo Ryan A. , Alabiad Chrisfouad R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive, small-group ophthalmology clinical training session by assessing medical students' self-confidence with eye examination skills and long-term retention of direct ophthalmoscopy skills.
Methods The second-year medical students participated in a one-time small-group clinical training session that taught essential components of the eye examination. Students reported their confidence with each component in pre- and postsession surveys. Eight months later, direct ophthalmoscopy skills were reassessed by having students visualize the optic nerves of standardized patients and identify the matching optic nerve photograph in a multiple-choice quiz.
Results Among 197 second-year medical students who participated in the training session, 172 students completed the presession survey (87.3% response rate) and 108 students completed the postsession survey (54.8% response rate). Following the training session, students reported increased self-confidence (p < 0.01) overall. A total of 107 (107/108; 99.1%) students reported that they visualized the optic nerve head, and 80 out of 85 (94.1%) students stated that they preferred the PanOptic ophthalmoscope over the traditional direct ophthalmoscope. Students reported greater self-confidence using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope (p < 0.01). In the 8-month follow-up assessment, 42 medical students (42/197; 21.3%) completed the exercise. A total of 41 (41/42; 97.6%) students stated that they saw the optic nerve with the PanOptic ophthalmoscope; 24 (24/42; 57.1%) students identified the correct optic nerve image using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope on a standardized patient; 14 (14/42; 33.3%) students stated that they saw the optic nerve with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope; and 4 (4/42; 9.1%) students from the same cohort identified the correct optic nerve image with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope on a standardized patient.
Conclusion Our comprehensive, one-time eye examination skills training session seeks to prepare students to incorporate these skills in future patient care. Students' overall confidence improved in each aspect of the eye examination that was covered. A follow-up assessment on students' direct ophthalmoscopy skills suggests that the PanOptic ophthalmoscope allows for superior skills retention as compared with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope. We believe that the PanOptic ophthalmoscope should be further integrated into medical education and clinical practice.
Obstetric Outcomes in Military Servicewomen: Emerging Knowledge, Considerations, and Gaps
Authors: Mezwa Kathryn , Adelsheim Lee , Markenson Glenn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe number of women in the U.S. military is dramatically increasing. Similarly, the roles of active-duty women are greatly expanding, thus exposing them to new occupational risks. Determining the impact of pregnancy outcomes for women while in the military is difficult due to changing exposures over time, difficulty in utilizing appropriate comparison groups, and the lack of prospective investigations. Despite these limitations, it was concerning that the available data suggest that servicewomen delivering within 6 months of their first deployment have an increased preterm birth risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.1), and those with three prior deployments have an even greater risk (aOR: 3.8). Servicewomen also have an increased risk of hypertensive disorders with a rate of 13% compared with 5% in the general obstetric population. Furthermore, depression is higher for women who deploy after childbirth and are exposed to combat when compared with those who have not deployed since the birth of their child (aOR: 2.01). Due to the importance of this issue, prospective research designs are necessary to better understand and address the unique health care needs of this population.
16.13.6 Quinazolines (Update 2020)
Authors: Campagne J. M. , Leclerc E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions (Sections 16.13 and 16.13.5) covering the synthesis of quinazolines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2012-2019, gathering all the methods reported in this period, but with a particular emphasis on transition-metal-catalyzed synthetic processes.
16.12.5 Pyrimidines (Update 2020)
Authors: Campagne J. M. , Leclerc E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions (Section 16.12 and 16.12.5) covering the synthesis and substituent modification of pyrimidines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2012–2019, gathering all the methods reported in this period, but with a particular emphasis on transition-metal-catalyzed synthetic processes.
Dynamic jump intensities and news arrival in oil futures markets
Authors: Ensor Katherine B. , Han Yu , Ostdiek Barbara , Turnbull Stuart M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new class of discrete-time models that explicitly recognize the impact of news arrival. The distribution of returns is governed by three factors: dynamics volatility and two Poisson compound processes, one for negative news and one for positive news. We show in a model-free environment that the arrival of negative and positive news has an asymmetric effect on oil futures returns and volatility. Using the first 12 futures contracts, our empirical results confirm that the effects of negative and positive news are described by different processes, a significant proportion of volatility is explained by news arrival and the impact of negative news is larger than that of positive news.
Dynamic human MutSα–MutLα complexes compact mismatched DNA
Authors: Bradford Kira C. , Wilkins Hunter , Hao Pengyu , Li Zimeng M. , Wang Bangchen , Burke Dan , Wu Dong , Smith Austin E. , Spaller Logan , Du Chunwei , Gauer Jacob W. , Chan Edward , Hsieh Peggy , Weninger Keith R. , Erie Dorothy A. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Mismatch repair is the process that corrects replication errors. Mutations in the proteins MutSα and MutLα that initiate MMR are responsible for Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary cancer. We present results showing surprising stoichiometries and conformations of human MutSα and MutLα mismatch repair initiation complexes. Moreover, these multimeric MutSα–MutLα complexes reconfigure the DNA in the vicinity of the mismatch. These complexes may not only mark the position of the mismatch but also could protect it from nucleosome reloading and potentially remodel adjacent nucleosomes. These results contrast with current models in the field, which envision mobile 1:1 MutSα–MutLα complexes that leave the mismatch. Our results provide a framework for thinking about MMR initiation.
Development and validation of a device for in vitro uniaxial cell substrate deformation with real-time strain control
Authors: Apa L , Carraro S , Pisu S , Peruzzi B , Rizzuto E , Prete Z Del 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Substrate deformation affects the behaviour of many cell types, including bone, skeletal muscle and endothelial cells. Nowadays, in vitro tests are widely employed to study the mechanotransduction induced by substrate deformation. The aim of in vitro systems is to properly reproduce the mechanical stimuli sensed by the tissue in the cellular microenvironment. Accurate strain measurement and control is therefore necessary to ensure the cell senses the proper strain for the entire treatment. Different types of in vitro systems are commercially available or can be custom-designed; however, none of these devices performs a real-time measurement of the induced strains. In this study, we proposed a uniaxial strain device for in vitro cell stimulation with an innovative real-time strain control. The system was designed to induce sinusoidal waveform stimulation in a huge range of amplitude and frequency, to three silicone chambers stretched by a linear actuator. The real-time strain measurement and control algorithm is based on an optical tracking method implemented in LabVIEW 2015, and it is able to adapt the input amplitude to the linear motor, if necessary, hanging the stimulation signal for about 120 ms. Validation of the strain values measured during the real-time tracking algorithm was carried out through a comparison with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. We investigated the influence of number of reference points and image size on the algorithm accuracy. Experimental results showed that the tracking algorithm allowed for a real-time measurement of membrane longitudinal strains with a relative error of 0.3%, on average, in comparison to the strains measured with DIC in post-processing analysis. We showed a high homogeneity of the strain pattern on the entire chamber base for different stimulation conditions. Finally, as proof of concept, we employed the uniaxial strain device to induce substrate deformation in a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2). The experimental results showed a consistent change in cell shape in response to the mechanical strain.
Site testing campaign for the Large Optical/infrared Telescope of China: overview
Authors: Feng Lu , Hao Jin-Xin , Cao Zi-Huang , Bai Jin-Min , Yang J , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Hou Jin-Liang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Liu Yu , Song Teng-Fei , Liu Li-Yong , Yin Jia , Chen Hua-Lin , Pei Chong , Esamdin Ali , Ma Lu , Bai Chun-Hai , Wei Peng , Xu Jing , Pu Guang-Xin , Feng Guo-Jie , Zhang Xuan , Ming Liang , Yisikandee Abudusaimaitijiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Li Jian , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Wang Xia , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Xue Yan-Jie , Chen Jian-Sheng , Hu Jing-Yao , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) is a ground-based 12 m diameter optical/infrared telescope which is proposed to be built in the western part of China in the next decade. Based on satellite remote sensing data, along with geographical, logistical and political considerations, three candidate sites were chosen for ground-based astronomical performance monitoring. These sites include: Ali in Tibet, Daocheng in Sichuan and Muztagh-ata in Xinjiang. Up until now, all three sites have continuously collected data for two years. In this paper, we will introduce this site testing campaign, and present its monitoring results obtained during the period between March 2017 and March 2019.
Long-term analysis of clear nights using satellite data considering astronomical sites in western China
Authors: Cao Zi-Huang , Liu Li-Yong , Zhao Yong-Heng , Feng Lu , Jones Hugh R. A. , Shen Huang , Hao Jin-Xin , Xue Yan-Jie , Yao Yong-Qiang , Xu Jing , Esamdin Ali , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Li Jian , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Yan Tai-Sheng , Wang Xia , Xiong Jian-Ping , Yu Si-Cheng , Zhang Jun-Bo , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying , Yin Jia , Pu Guang-Xin , Wei Peng , Bai Chun-Hai , Feng Guo-Jie , Ma Lu , Song Teng-Fei , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Zeng Xian-Qun , Hou Zhi-Gang , Liao Shi-Long , Cao Zhi-Song , Fan Dong-Wei , Xu Yun-Fei , Li Chang-Hua , Tao Yi-Han 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A large ground-based optical/infrared telescope is being planned for a world-class astronomical site in China. The cloud-free night percentage is the primary meteorological consideration for evaluating candidate sites. The data from GMS and NOAA satellites and the MODIS instrument were utilized in this research, covering the period from 1996 to 2015. Our data analysis benefits from overlapping results from different independent teams as well as a uniform analysis of selected sites using GMS+NOAA data. Although significant ground-based monitoring is needed to validate these findings, we identify three different geographical regions with a high percentage of cloud-free conditions (∼83% on average), which is slightly lower than at Mauna Kea and Cerro Armazones (∼85% on average) and were chosen for the large international projects TMT and ELT respectively. Our study finds evidence that cloud distributions and the seasonal changes affected by the prevailing westerly winds and summer monsoons reduce the cloud cover in areas influenced by the westerlies. This is consistent with the expectations from climate change models and is suggestive that most of the identified sites will have reduced cloud cover in the future.
Data processing and data products from 2017 to 2019 campaign of astronomical site testing at Ali, Daocheng and Muztagh-ata
Authors: Cao Zi-Huang , Hao Jin-Xin , Feng Lu , Jones Hugh R. A. , Li Jian , Xu Jing , Liu Li-Yong , Song Teng-Fei , Wang Jian-Feng , Chen Hua-Lin , Xue Yan-Jie , Shen Huang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Wang Xia , Hou Jin-Liang , Bai Jin-Ming , Yang Ji , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Yin Jia , Esamdin Ali , Pu Guang-Xin , Wei Peng , Bai Chun-Hai , Feng Guo-Jie , Ma Lu , Zhang Xuan , Liu Yu , Pei Chong , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying , Tian Jian-Feng , Zeng Xian-Qun , Hou Zhi-Gang , Yang Xu , Zhang Jun-Bo , Liao Shi-Long , Fan Dong-Wei , Xu Yun-Fei , Xiong Jian-Ping , Yan Tai-Sheng , Zhang Xi , Li Chang-Hua , Tao Yi-Han , Yu Si-Cheng , Cao Zhi-Song , Wang Hong-Shuai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Based on previous site testing and satellite cloud data, Ali, Daocheng and Muztagh-ata have been selected as candidate sites for the Large Optical/Infrared Telescope (LOT) in China. We present the data collection, processing, management and quality analysis for our site testing based on using similar hardware. We analyze meteorological data, seeing, background light, cloud and precipitable water vapor data from 2017 March 10 to 2019 March 10. We also investigated the relative usefulness of our all-sky camera data in comparison to that from the meteorological TERRA satellite data based on a night-by-night comparison of the correlation and consistency between them.We find a 6% discrepancy arising from a wide range of factors.
Site testing campaign for the Large Optical Telescope at the Ali site
Authors: Liu Li-Yong , Yao Yong-Qiang , Yin Jia , Wang Hong-Shuai , Li Jun-Rong , Zhou Yun-He , You Xian-Long , Tang Peng , Zhao Xi-Yu , Ma De-Qiang , Dong Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China. The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016, and Ali was listed as one of the three candidate sites. Remote studies and local surveys have been carried out for more than 15 years in western China, and the results show that Ali is a promising site with comprehensive quality in terms of atmospheric and supporting conditions. An overview of the site testing campaign at the Ali site from 2016 to 2019 is presented. After the two years of data collection, the overall median seeing value is found to be 1.17 arcsec, the observable nights are 81.71% and the good observable nights are 71.76%. The weather conditions as follows, the median night temperature value is –5.18°C, the median night relative humidity value is 41.25%, the median night atmospheric pressure value is 540.92 hPa, the median night wind speed value is 7.41 m s–1 and the mainly wind direction is southwestern (SW). The median night sky background value is 22.07 magV. We also discuss the wind speed at different locations on-site, the possibility of light pollution and the effect of wind speed on differential image motion monitor (DIMM) seeing measurements.
Site testing at Muztagh-ata site II: seeing statistics
Authors: Xu Jing , Esamdin Ali , Hao Jin-Xin , Bai Jin-Min , Yang Ji , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Hou Jin-Liang , Pu Guang-Xin , Feng Guo-Jie , Bai Chun-Hai , Wei Peng , Ma Shu-Guo , Yisikandee Abudusaimaitijiang , Wang Le-Tian , Zhang Xuan , Ming Liang , Ma Lu , Liu Jin-Zhong , Cao Zi-Huang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Feng Lu , Shi Jian-Rong , Chen Hua-Lin , Pei Chong , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Xue Yan-Jie , Hu Jing-Yao , Jiang Yun-Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present a detailed analysis of the statistical properties of seeing for the Muztagh-ata site which is a candidate site for hosting the future Chinese Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) project. The measurements were obtained with differential image motion monitors (DIMMs) from April 2017 to November 2018 at different heights during different periods. The median seeings at 11m and 6m are very close but significantly different from that on the ground. We mainly analyzed the seeing at 11m monthly and hourly, having found that the best season for observing was from late autumn to early winter and seeing tended to improve during the night only in autumn. The analysis of the dependence on temperature inversion, wind speed and direction also was made and the best meteorological conditions for seeing are given.
Photometric redshift estimation of galaxies with Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mu Yong-Huan , Qiu Bo , Zhang Jian-Nan , Ma Jun-Cheng , Fan Xiao-Dong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The abundant photometric data collected from multiple large-scale sky surveys give important opportunities for photometric redshift estimation. However, low accuracy is still a serious issue in the current photometric redshift estimation methods. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage approach by integration of Self Organizing Map (SOM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods together. The SOM-CNN method is tested on the dataset of 150 000 galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 13 (SDSS-DR13). In the first stage, we apply the SOM algorithm to photometric data clustering and divide the samples into early-type and late-type. In the second stage, the SOM-CNN model is established to estimate the photometric redshifts of galaxies. Next, the precision rate and recall rate curves (PRC) are given to evaluate the models of SOM-CNN and Back Propagation (BP). It can been seen from the PRC that the SOM-CNN model is better than BP, and the area of SOM-CNN is 0.94, while the BP is 0.91. Finally, we provide two key error indicators: mean square error (MSE) and Outliers. Our results show that the MSE of early-type is 0.0014 while late-type is 0.0019, which are better than the BP algorithm 22.2% and 26%, respectively. When compared with Outliers, our result is optimally 1.32%, while the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm has 3.93%. In addition, we also provide the error visualization figures about ΔZ and δ. According to the statistical calculations, the early-type with an error of less than 0.1 accounts for 98.86%, while the late-type is 99.03%. This result is better than those reported in the literature.
Magnetic gradient: a natural driver of solar eruptions
Authors: Tan Bao-Lin , Yan Yan , Li Ting , Zhang Yin , Chen Xing-Yao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is well-known that a gradient will inevitably drive a flow. For example, a density-gradient may drive a diffusion flow, an electrical potential-gradient may drive an electric current in plasmas, and so on. What flow will be driven when a magnetic-gradient occurs in solar atmospheric plasmas? Considering the ubiquitous distribution of magnetic-gradient in solar plasma loops, this work demonstrates that the magnetic-gradient pumping (MGP) mechanism is valid, even in the partial ionized solar photosphere and chromosphere as well as in the corona. The magnetic gradient drives energetic particle upflows that carry and convey kinetic energy fromthe underlying atmosphere tomove upwards, accumulate around the looptop and increase the temperature and pressure, produce ballooning instabilities, and finally it leads to magnetic reconnections and eruptions around the looptop. This mechanism may explain the formation of the hot cusp-structures that can be observed above flaring loops in most preflare phases; therefore, the magneticgradient should be a natural driver of solar eruptions. Furthermore, we may also apply this mechanism to explain many other astrophysical phenomena, such as the cold of sunspot and the hot above it, the formation of solar plasma jets, type-II spicule, and fast solar wind above coronal holes, and also the fast plasma jets related to white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes.