bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress mindset and the work–family interface
Authors: Hammond Michelle M. , Murphy Caroline , Demsky Caitlin A. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe current study aims to examine stress mindset as a moderator of the relationship between the work–family interface – work–family conflict (WFC) and enrichment (WFE) – and two work outcomes: job satisfaction and turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approachTo examine these relationships, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Ireland (N = 314). Bootstrapping in SPSS was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsIn addition to direct relationships between WFC/WFE and job satisfaction and turnover intentions, analyses showed that stress mindset is a moderator of the relationships between WFC and job satisfaction and turnover intentions, as well as of the relationship between WFE and job satisfaction, but not WFE and turnover intentions.Research limitations/implicationsProviding general support of the propositions of the conservation of resources theory, stress mindset was found to act as a personal resource affecting the relationships between WFC/WFE and most outcomes. The study findings indicate a need to further examine stress mindset in relation to employees' work and family interface.Practical implicationsIn line with other research, this study recommends organizational efforts to reduce WFC and increase WFE. Further, as stress mindsets can be altered, practitioners may consider implementing stress mindset training to encourage employees' view of stress as enhancing rather than debilitating to reduce the negative impact of stress on employees in the workplace.Social implicationsBeliefs about the enhancing aspects of stress may allow employees to more effectively navigate transitions between work and family domains and maximize beneficial aspects of participating in both work and family roles.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to investigate the role of stress mindset as a moderator of the associations between the work–family interface and employee work-related outcomes. The findings are relevant to work–family researchers, managers and human resource professionals.
Outsourcing in humanitarian logistics – status quo and future directions
Authors: Gossler Timo , Wakolbinger Tina , Burkart Christian 
Published: June 2020

PurposeOutsourcing of logistics has great importance in disaster relief. Aid agencies spend several billion US dollars every year on logistics services. However, the concept of outsourcing has not been established adequately in literature on humanitarian logistics, leading to a fragmented view of the practice. This paper provides a holistic perspective of the concept by constructing a conceptual framework to analyze both practice and research of outsourcing in humanitarian operations. Based on this analysis, we explore future trends and identify research gaps.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a structured review of academic literature, a two-round Delphi study with 31 experts from aid agencies and a complementary full-day focus group with twelve experts from aid agencies and logistics service providers.FindingsThe paper systemizes the current practice of outsourcing in humanitarian logistics according to a conceptual framework of five dimensions: subject, object, partner, design and context. In addition, it reveals ten probable developments of the practice over the next years. Finally, it describes eight important research gaps and presents a research agenda for the field.Research limitations/implicationsThe literature review considered peer-reviewed academic papers. Practitioner papers could provide additional insights into the practice. Moreover, the Delphi study focused on the perspective of aid agencies. Capturing the views of logistics service providers in more detail would be a valuable addition.Originality/valueThe paper establishes the academic basis for the important practice of outsourcing in humanitarian logistics. It highlights essential research gaps and, thereby, opens up the field for future research.
When method fails: walking as an alt-meth in a volatile context
Authors: Griffin Gabriele 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore why the use of a particular qualitative method, walking, failed in a given context, the Chile of contemporary unrest.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores walking methodologies from a critical cultural perspective.FindingsThe article argues that context as socio-material entanglement, or people's relation to place, in a volatile situation, requires strong participatory engagement to enable productive outcomes and also that one can learn from the failure to generate such engagement.Practical implicationsThe article suggests that enhanced participant involvement in experimental design (here a walking event) is necessary when the situation on the ground is conflict-ridden. It also suggests that explicitly articulating one's outsider position may facilitate productive exchanges in volatile contexts. The article further suggests that failure of method is a neglected but useful topic in qualitative research.Social implicationsAlthough walking methodologies frequently claim to be participant-centered, they are not always organized in that manner. If they are not, they risk undermining the democratic potential of alt-meths that is of particular importance in volatile contexts.Originality/valueFailure of method is rarely reported on. The paper addresses that knowledge gap.
Paperwork, patronage, and citizenship: the materiality of everyday interactions with bureaucracy in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Carswell Grace , De Neve Geert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the material practices through which lower‐caste and poor villagers engage with bureaucracy in contemporary India. We take documents and paperwork – such as ration cards and community certificates – as a ‘lens’ through which to explore how paper materiality is infused with the politics of power, patronage, and identity. The article brings ethnography from rural Tamil Nadu, South India, in conversation with two bodies of literature: one on the materiality of bureaucracy and one on the nature of political mediation in contemporary India. We demonstrate how everyday engagements with paperwork as well as processes of applying, form filling, and securing recommendations are constitutive of social and political relationships and, ultimately, of citizenship itself. Political mediation around paperwork and bureaucracy generates a hierarchy of citizens rather than equal citizenship for all, yet ordinary villagers transpire as anything but passive. Drawing on patronage networks, engaging in affective performances, and navigating a politics of identity, they actively negotiate access to the state in an attempt to claim their rights as citizens.
Distant surgical teaching during COVID‐19 ‐ A pilot study on final year medical students
Authors: Co Michael , Chu Kent‐Man 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionDue to the COVID‐19 outbreak, all on‐site undergraduate medical teaching activities in Hong Kong have been suspended. A new web‐based surgical skills learning (WSSL) for basic surgical skills training that were normally taught face‐to‐face was developed.MethodologyBasic surgical skills were taught with normal face‐to‐face tutorial to 30 final year medical students prior to the outbreak. The same group of students were invited to join the online WSSL using Zoom. Evaluation of WSSL was performed by a standardized questionnaire.ResultsThirty final year medical students (16 female, 14 male students) were recruited into the study. Median age was 23 (range 22‐24). Most of them believed that WSSL is easy to follow. When compared to face‐to‐face teaching. Most students (N = 22, 73.4%) felt that WSSL was just as difficult/easy as conventional teaching for learning instrumental knots. Students were asked to evaluate WSSL by using a Likert scale of 1 to 10 (with 10 being highly recommended). Twelve (40%) students highly recommended WSSL (Score 9 to 10), 15 students (50%) slightly recommended WSSL (Score 6‐8).ConclusionWeb‐based surgical skills learning is a feasible alternative for face‐to‐face surgical skills teaching.
A demonstration of conservation genomics for threatened species management
Authors: Wright Belinda R. , Farquharson Katherine A. , McLennan Elspeth A. , Belov Katherine , Hogg Carolyn J. , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs species extinction rates increase, genomics provides a powerful tool to support intensive management of threatened species. We use the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) to demonstrate how conservation genomics can be implemented in threatened species management. We conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 25 individuals from the captive breeding programme and reduced‐representation sequencing (RRS) of 98 founders of the same programme. A subset of the WGS samples was also sequenced by RRS, allowing us to directly compare genome‐wide heterozygosity with estimates from RRS data. We found good congruence in interindividual variation and gene‐ontology classifications between the two data sets, indicating that our RRS data reflect the genome well. We also attempted genome‐wide association studies with both data sets (regarding breeding success), but the genomic data suffered from small sample size, while the RRS data suffered from lack of precision, highlighting a key trade‐off in the design of conservation genomic research. Nevertheless, we identified a number of candidate genes that may be associated with variation in breeding success. Individual heterozygosity, as measured by WGS or RRS, was not associated with breeding success in captivity but was negatively associated with litter sizes of breeding females in the RRS data set. Our findings enable conservation managers to have confidence in RRS data while understanding its limitations, and provide avenues for further investigation into which processes underlie variation in breeding success in captive Tasmanian devils. We caution, however, that deep functional insights using RRS may be impaired by a lack of precision, especially when marker density is low.
Vitamin C is a source of oxoaldehyde and glycative stress in age‐related cataract and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Fan Xingjun , Sell David R. , Hao Caili , Liu Sabrina , Wang Benlian , Wesson Daniel W. , Siedlak Sandra , Zhu Xiongwei , Kavanagh Terrance J. , Harrison Fiona E. , Monnier Vincent M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxoaldehyde stress has recently emerged as a major source of tissue damage in aging and age‐related diseases. The prevailing mechanism involves methylglyoxal production during glycolysis and modification of arginine residues through the formation of methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones (MG‐H1). We now tested the hypothesis that oxidation of vitamin C (ascorbic acid or ASA) contributes to this damage when the homeostatic redox balance is disrupted especially in ASA‐rich tissues such as the eye lens and brain. MG‐H1 measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is several fold increased in the lens and brain from transgenic mice expressing human vitamin C transporter 2 (hSVCT2). Similarly, MG‐H1 levels are increased two‐ to fourfold in hippocampus extracts from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and significantly higher levels are present in sarkosyl‐insoluble tissue fractions from AD brain proteins than in the soluble fractions. Moreover, immunostaining with antibodies against methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones reveals similar increase in substantia nigra neurons from individuals with Parkinson's disease. Results from an in vitro incubation experiment suggest that accumulated catalytic metal ions in the hippocampus during aging could readily accelerate ASA oxidation and such acceleration was significantly enhanced in AD. Modeling studies and intraventricular injection of 13C‐labeled ASA revealed that ASA backbone carbons 4–6 are incorporated into MG‐H1 both in vitro and in vivo, likely via a glyceraldehyde precursor. We propose that drugs that prevent oxoaldehyde stress or excessive ASA oxidation may protect against age‐related cataract and neurodegenerative diseases.
Islands within islands: genetic structuring at small spatial scales has implications for long‐term persistence of a threatened species
Authors: Major R. E. , Ewart K. M. , Portelli D. J. , King A. , Tsang L. R. , O’Dwyer T. , Carlile N. , Haselden C. , Bower H. , Alquezar‐Planas D. E. , Johnson R. N. , Eldridge M. D. B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaintenance of genetic diversity within species is a key objective of biodiversity conservation, and small, isolated populations are particularly vulnerable to genetic erosion. Conservation management actions such as predator removal, captive breeding and reintroduction can facilitate numerical recovery of a population, but species often remain at risk from depleted genetic diversity and inbreeding. We investigated dispersal, genetic bottlenecks and genetic population structuring in the island‐dwelling Lord Howe woodhen, a species that came perilously close to extinction in the 1970s. Analyses of mark‐resighting records and variable genetic markers (single‐nucleotide polymorphisms) collected from the contemporary population and 100‐year‐old museum specimens found strong evidence of restricted dispersal at fine spatial scales, with both the contemporary and historic populations exhibiting strong population structuring between mountain and lowland/slopes sites. Additionally, genetic comparison of the contemporary population and historic specimens demonstrated a decline in genetic diversity over the past century. Specifically for the Lord Howe woodhen, we recommend ongoing genetic monitoring and translocations to increase genetic diversity within the re‐established lowland subpopulation. More generally, our results demonstrate how pronounced genetic erosion can arise in species subject to human persecution and predation by introduced predators, and how genetic fragmentation of natural populations can be present at fine geographical scales (less than hundreds of metres). Moreover, without prior information about genetic structure and subsequent genetic monitoring, conservation management can have unexpected negative consequences for the genetic health of populations. Therefore, genetic monitoring and management early in the recovery of populations is desirable to maximize their adaptive potential.
Alcohol and drug problems among Australian homicide offenders
Authors: Eriksson Li , Bryant Sarah , McPhedran Samara , Mazerolle Paul , Wortley Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsMost homicide studies focus upon ‘acute’ situational intoxication as opposed to ‘chronic’ substance misuse. The aims of the study were to: (1) determine the extent of homicide offenders’ alcohol and drug use in the year preceding the homicide; (2) compare the individual characteristics of homicide offenders across levels of problematic substance use; and (3) compare homicide incident characteristics across levels of problematic substance use.Design and SettingObservational study using data collected through face‐to‐face interviews in custodial and community correctional settings across Australia. Participants were recruited through an opt‐in process.ParticipantsThe data consist of 302 individuals convicted of murder or manslaughter.MeasurementsWe used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Test to determine problematic alcohol or drug use. We also used a range of self‐report measures to ascertain offender characteristics [socio‐demographics, developmental experiences, criminal history, personality] and incident characteristics (who was killed, and situational intoxication).FindingsOf the sample, 38.8% displayed high levels of alcohol problems and 30.8% displayed high levels of drug problems. Those displaying high levels of alcohol and/or drug problems were more likely than those without high levels of alcohol and/or drug problems to report adverse developmental experiences, low education, financial difficulties, extensive criminal histories and high levels of trait anger, impulsivity and risk‐seeking. In addition, offenders with problematic substance use were more likely to have killed non‐family and to have used substances at the time of the homicide.ConclusionsHigh proportions of homicide offenders in Australia appear to have problematic substance use in the year preceding the homicide offence, and such use appears to be associated with a range of other challenging factors, including adverse childhoods, criminal involvement, low socio‐economic factors and low self‐regulation.
Temporomandibular Disorder: a practical guide for dental practitioners in diagnosis and management
Authors: Beaumont S , Garg K , Gokhale A , Heaphy N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTemporomandibular disorder is a broad term encompassing pain and/or dysfunction of the masticatory musculature and the temporomandibular joints. Pain arising from a temporomandibular disorder is a common reason for seeking dental care. It is essential that dental practitioners are able to accurately diagnose and manage this condition. Identifying people at highest risk of developing a temporomandibular disorder and knowing which procedures are more likely to initiate or exacerbate a temporomandibular disorder, are important to reduce the likelihood of its acute and chronic presentation. The aim of this paper is to provide the dental practitioner with a clinical guideline for reference including practical tools to examine, diagnose and manage patients with temporomandibular disorder. In addition the risk profile of patients and procedures is explored to help minimize the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders and mitigate its symptoms. The scope of the dental practitioner in the management of acute and chronic temporomandibular disorders is presented, with guidance about when referral to a specialist is indicated.
Skin pH–dependent Staphylococcus aureus abundance as predictor for increasing atopic dermatitis severity
Authors: Hülpüsch Claudia , Tremmel Karolina , Hammel Gertrud , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , de Tomassi Amedeo , Nussbaumer Thomas , Neumann Avidan U. , Reiger Matthias , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic eczema (atopic dermatitis, AD) is characterized by disrupted skin barrier associated with elevated skin pH and skin microbiome dysbiosis, due to high Staphylococcus aureus loads, especially during flares. Since S aureus shows optimal growth at neutral pH, we investigated the longitudinal interplay between these factors and AD severity in a pilot study.MethodEmollient (with either basic pH 8.5 or pH 5.5) was applied double‐blinded twice daily to 6 AD patients and 6 healthy (HE) controls for 8 weeks. Weekly, skin swabs for microbiome analysis (deep sequencing) were taken, AD severity was assessed, and skin physiology (pH, hydration, transepidermal water loss) was measured.ResultsPhysiological, microbiome, and clinical results were not robustly related to the pH of applied emollient. In contrast to longitudinally stable microbiome in HE, S aureus frequency significantly increased in AD over 8 weeks. High S aureus abundance was associated with skin pH 5.7‐6.2. High baseline S aureus frequency predicted both increase in S aureus and in AD severity (EASI and local SCORAD) after 8 weeks.ConclusionSkin pH is tightly regulated by intrinsic factors and limits the abundance of S aureus. High baseline S aureus abundance in turn predicts an increase in AD severity over the study period. This underlines the importance and potential of sustained intervention regarding the skin pH and urges for larger studies linking skin pH and skin S aureus abundance to understand driving factors of disease progression.
The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Xie Guogang , Ding Fengming , Han Lei , Yin Dongning , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread globally outside China. We aimed to investigate the role of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) as a marker in the course of the virus infection to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and evaluation of COVID‐19 patients.Methods227 pneumonia patients who visited the fever clinics in Shanghai General Hospital and 97 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were involved in a retrospective research study. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected. The trend of EOS level in COVID‐19 patients and comparison among patients with different severity were summarized.ResultsThe majority of COVID‐19 patients (71.7%) had a decrease in circulating EOS counts, which was significantly more frequent than other types of pneumonia patients. EOS counts had good value for COVID‐19 prediction, even higher when combined with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. Patients with low EOS counts at admission were more likely to have fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath, with more lesions in chest CT and radiographic aggravation, and longer length of hospital stay and course of disease than those with normal EOS counts. Circulating EOS level gradually increased over the time, and was synchronous with the improvement in chest CT (12 days vs 13 days, P = .07), later than that of body temperature (12 days vs 10 days, P = .014), but earlier than that of the negative conversion of nucleic acid assays (12 days vs 17 days, P = .001).ConclusionPeripheral blood EOS counts may be an effective and efficient indicator in diagnosis, Evaluation, and prognosis monitoring of COVID‐19 patients.
Cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinant‐specific IgE obscures true atopy and exhibits ⍺‐1,3‐fucose epitope‐specific inverse associations with asthma
Authors: Nkurunungi Gyaviira , Mpairwe Harriet , Versteeg Serge A. , van Diepen Angela , Nassuuna Jacent , Kabagenyi Joyce , Nambuya Irene , Sanya Richard E. , Nampijja Margaret , Serna Sonia , Reichardt Niels‐Christian , Hokke Cornelis H. , Webb Emily L. , van Ree Ronald , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn high‐income, temperate countries, IgE to allergen extracts is a risk factor for, and mediator of, allergy‐related diseases (ARDs). In the tropics, positive IgE tests are also prevalent, but rarely associated with ARD. Instead, IgE responses to ubiquitous cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) on plant, insect and parasite glycoproteins, rather than to established major allergens, are dominant. Because anti‐CCD IgE has limited clinical relevance, it may impact ARD phenotyping and assessment of contribution of atopy to ARD.MethodsUsing an allergen extract‐based test, a glycan and an allergen (glyco)protein microarray, we mapped IgE fine specificity among Ugandan rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)‐endemic communities, proximate urban communities, and importantly in asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren.ResultsOverall, IgE sensitization to extracts was highly prevalent (43%‐73%) but allergen arrays indicated that this was not attributable to established major allergenic components of the extracts (0%‐36%); instead, over 40% of all participants recognized CCD‐bearing components. Using glycan arrays, we dissected IgE responses to specific glycan moieties and found that reactivity to classical CCD epitopes (core β‐1,2‐xylose, α‐1,3‐fucose) was positively associated with sensitization to extracts, rural environment and Sm infection, but not with skin reactivity to extracts or sensitization to their major allergenic components. Interestingly, we discovered that reactivity to only a subset of core α‐1,3‐fucose‐carrying N‐glycans was inversely associated with asthma.ConclusionsCCD reactivity is not just an epiphenomenon of parasite exposure hampering specificity of allergy diagnostics; mechanistic studies should investigate whether specific CCD moieties identified here are implicated in the protective effect of certain environmental exposures against asthma.