bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Worker Well-being: A Large Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Ravalier J M , McFadden P , Boichat C , Clabburn O , Moriarty J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Social workers play a vital role in maintaining and improving the lives of the service users that they work with. Despite this, the role is replete with high levels of stress-related sickness absence, turnover intentions and low levels of jobs satisfaction in addition to poor working conditions. This study sought to further investigate working conditions in the UK social workers, as well as the reasons for these working conditions via a mixed-methods survey and interview study. A total of 3,421 responses were gained from the cross-sectional survey which looked at working conditions, perceived stress, job satisfaction and turnover intentions (both migration and attrition), with the semi-structured interview schedule (n = 15) based on survey findings and analysed via thematic analysis continuing through to saturation. Similar to 2018, results demonstrated poor working conditions, irrespective of job role, and regression analysis suggested each of demands, control, managerial support, role and change influenced stress. Qualitative results found that workload, lack of managerial support and service user/family abuse were distinct demands associated with the role, whereas buffering positive resources were the social work role, peer support and positive managerial support. Implications for managerial practice, and harnessing the positive experience of peer support, are discussed.
Spatial Relationships between Molecular Pathology and Neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum
Authors: Iaccarino Leonardo , La Joie Renaud , Edwards Lauren , Strom Amelia , Schonhaut Daniel R , Ossenkoppele Rik , Pham Julie , Mellinger Taylor , Janabi Mustafa , Baker Suzanne L , Soleimani-Meigooni David , Rosen Howard J , Miller Bruce L , Jagust William J , Rabinovici Gil D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA deeper understanding of the spatial relationships of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could provide insight into pathogenesis and clinical trial design. We included 81 amyloid-positive patients (age 64.4 ± 9.5) diagnosed with AD dementia or mild cognitive impairment due to AD and available 11C-PiB (PIB), 18F-Flortaucipir (FTP),18F-FDG-PET, and 3T-MRI, and 31 amyloid-positive, cognitively normal participants (age 77.3 ± 6.5, no FDG-PET). W-score voxel-wise deviation maps were created and binarized for each imaging-modality (W &gt; 1.64, P &lt; 0.05) adjusting for age, sex, and total intracranial volume (sMRI-only) using amyloid-negative cognitively normal adults. For symptomatic patients, FDG-PET and atrophy W-maps were combined into neurodegeneration maps (ND). Aβ-pathology showed the greatest proportion of cortical gray matter suprathreshold voxels (spatial extent) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants (median 94–55%, respectively), followed by tau (79–11%) and neurodegeneration (41–3%). Amyloid &gt; tau &gt; neurodegeneration was the most frequent hierarchy for both groups (79–77%, respectively), followed by tau &gt; amyloid &gt; neurodegeneration (13–10%) and amyloid &gt; neurodegeneration &gt; tau (6–13%). For symptomatic participants, most abnormal voxels were PIB+/FTP+/ND− (median 35%), and the great majority of ND+ voxels (91%) colocalized with molecular pathology. Amyloid spatially exceeded tau and neurodegeneration, with individual heterogeneities. Molecular pathology and neurodegeneration showed a progressive overlap along AD course, indicating shared vulnerabilities or synergistic toxic mechanisms.
Party Ideology and Vocational Education Spending: Empirical Evidence from Germany
Authors: Bischoff Ivo , Hauschildt Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe provide—to the best of our knowledge—the first empirical study on the political economy of public spending on vocational education. Vocational schools raise human capital among non-academics and give the latter a stronger bargaining position in wage negotiation—thereby supporting the clientele of leftwing parties. At the same time, they provide publicly funded inputs that raise firm productivity—an aim particularly important for conservative parties. We analyze expenditures on vocational schools of 301 West-German counties between 2002 and 2013 using two-way fixed effects and mixed models. We find the counties’ expenditures on vocational schools to decrease in the political power of Social Democrats and increase in the political power of Christian conservatives in the county council. Expenditures are higher in election years. We find no support for the conjecture building on Jensen (2011, Compar. Polit. Stud. 44, 412–435) according to which expenditures on vocational education are higher in regions suffering from deindustrialization. (JEL codes: H75, D72).
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs and People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States, 2010–2017
Authors: Valenciano Sandra J , Onukwube Jennifer , Spiller Michael W , Thomas Ann , Como-Sabetti Kathryn , Schaffner William , Farley Monica , Petit Susan , Watt James P , Spina Nancy , Harrison Lee H , Alden Nisha B , Torres Salina , Arvay Melissa L , Beall Bernard , Van Beneden Chris A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Reported outbreaks of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have increased, concurrent with rising US iGAS rates. We describe epidemiology among iGAS patients with these risk factors.

Methods
We analyzed iGAS infections from population-based Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) at 10 US sites from 2010 to 2017. Cases were defined as GAS isolated from a normally sterile site or from a wound in patients with necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS isolates were emm typed. We categorized iGAS patients into four categories: injection drug use (IDU) only, homelessness only, both, and neither. We calculated annual change in prevalence of these risk factors using log binomial regression models. We estimated national iGAS infection rates among PWID and PEH.

Results
We identified 12 386 iGAS cases; IDU, homelessness, or both were documented in ~13%. Skin infections and acute skin breakdown were common among iGAS patients with documented IDU or homelessness. Endocarditis was 10-fold more frequent among iGAS patients with documented IDU only versus those with neither risk factor. Average percentage yearly increase in prevalence of IDU and homelessness among iGAS patients was 17.5% and 20.0%, respectively. iGAS infection rates among people with documented IDU or homelessness were ~14-fold and 17- to 80-fold higher, respectively, than among people without those risks.

Conclusions
IDU and homelessness likely contribute to increases in US incidence of iGAS infections. Improving management of skin breakdown and early recognition of skin infection could prevent iGAS infections in these patients.
Impact of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy, Primarily Pembrolizumab, on Infection Risk in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: A Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Malek Alexandre E , Khalil Melissa , Hachem Ray , Chaftari Anne Marie , Fares Johny , Jiang Ying , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P , Fossella Frank , Chaftari Patrick , Mulanovich Victor E , Viola George M , Raad Issam I 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCheckpoint inhibitor (CPI) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse events and the risk of infections are not well studied. To assess the infectious risk of CPIs, we evaluated the incidence of infections in lung cancer patients treated with CPIs plus conventional chemotherapy (CC) vs CC alone.MethodsWe performed a retrospective comparative study of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer who received CPIs combined with CC and those treated with CC alone at our institution during January 2016 to February 2019. We compared clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes including infection rate and mortality between the groups.ResultsWe identified 123 patients for the CPI group and 147 patients for the control (CC) group. Eighteen patients (15%) in the CPI group and 33 patients (22%) in the control group developed infections (P = .1). Pneumonia was the most common infection encountered in both groups. Urinary tract infection was higher in the CC group (40%) than in the CPI group (9%) (P = .01). On multivariable analysis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .024), prior use of corticosteroids (P = .021), and neutropenia (P &lt; .001) were independent risk factors for infection and severe infection requiring hospital admission. Chronic kidney disease (P = .02), prior cancer treatment (P = .023), and neutropenia (P &lt; .0001) were identified as independent risk factors for all-cause mortality.ConclusionsLung cancer patients treated with CPIs combined with CC have a comparable risk of infection to those treated with CC alone, although there is a trend towards fewer infections in those given CPIs, particularly when it comes to urinary tract infections.
Ariane consolée par Bacchus and François Couperin’s early writing for the viol
Authors: Cyr Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ariane consolée par Bacchus, newly discovered by Christophe Rousset and the only surviving cantata attributed to François Couperin, is scored for bass voice, obbligato bass viol and continuo. Because Couperin passionately engaged with Italian music, scholars have long assumed that he would have composed cantatas, but until now none had been known to survive. His choice of bass voice and viol, an unusual combination in the French cantata repertory, opens several avenues for investigation. A precursor to his choice of bass voice and viol can be found in his petits motets, some of which date from the 1690s, and the verset Deus virtutum convertere (1705). Although bass voice and solo viol do not yet appear together in a single work, Couperin’s writing betrays his interest in new Italian music and in composing for the viol. Some Italianate features that appear in the early sacred works can also be found in Ariane consolée par Bacchus.
The ‘Couperin chord’
Authors: Dubruque Julien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 2016 Christophe Rousset identified an anonymous manuscript cantata entitled Ariane consolée par Bacchus as being the cantata Ariane abandonnée par Thésée attributed to Couperin by Titon du Tillet in Le Parnasse françois (1732). Rousset and I subsequently edited this cantata for the Éditions du Centre de musique baroque de Versailles. Over and above stylistic and other considerations, support for Couperin’s authorship is provided by certain idiosyncrasies in the basso continuo figurings, such as the well-known use of the 2 (‘seconde supérieure’) instead of the 9, and, most important, the use of what I call the ‘Couperin chord’: 7/5/2 on the degree IV. The current article supports this attribution by showing that Couperin used this chord very frequently in his organ and harpsichord pieces, as well as in his continuo figuring. Because he is the only French composer to use this chord systematically, it is possible to attribute anonymous pieces to him on the grounds of this single chord.
Predictors of long-term mortality after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in a contemporary cohort of patients with structural heart disease
Authors: Darma Angeliki , Bertagnolli Livio , Dinov Borislav , Torri Federica , Shamloo Alireza Sepehri , Lurz Julia Anna , Dagres Nikolaos , Husser-Bollmann Daniela , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Arya Arash 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsAblation of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with structural heart disease has been established in the past decades as an effective and safe treatment. However, the prognosis and long-term outcome remains poor.Methods and resultsWe investigated 309 patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) (186 ICM, 123 NICM; 271 males; mean age 64.1 ± 12 years; ejection fraction 34 ± 13%) after ≥1 VT ablations over a mean follow-up period of 34 ± 28 months. Electrical storm was the indication for 224 patients (73%), whereas 86 patients (28%) underwent epicardial as well as endocardial ablation. During follow-up, 132 patients (43%) experienced VT recurrence and 97 (31%) died. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy and NICM patients showed comparable results, regarding procedural endpoints, complications, VT recurrence and survival. The Cox-regression analysis for all-cause mortality revealed that the presence of higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV; P &lt; 0.001), male gender (P = 0.018), atrial fibrillation (AF; P &lt; 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; P = 0.001), antiarrhythmic drugs during the follow-up (P &lt; 0.001), polymorphic VTs (P = 0.028), and periprocedural complications (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionIschaemic cardiomyopathy and NICM patients undergoing VT ablation had comparable results regarding procedural endpoints, complications, VT recurrence and 3-year mortality. Higher LVEDV, male gender, COPD, AF, polymorphic VTs, use of antiarrhythmics, and periprocedural complications are strong and independent predictors for increased mortality. The PAINESD score accurately predicted the long-term outcome in our cohort.
Seismogenic potential of the High Durance Fault constrained by 20 yr of GNSS measurements in the Western European Alps
Authors: Mathey M , Walpersdorf A , Sue C , Baize S , Deprez A 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYDue to the steady moderate seismicity observed along the Briançon seismic arc, in the south-western French Alps, three temporary GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) surveys took place in 1996, 2006 and 2011, across a ∼50 × 60 km² wide area, to investigate the surface deformation field. The horizontal velocity field computed from these three surveys showed an east–west extension in the network. A fourth campaign was led in 2016, creating a 20 yr observation span, resulting in measurements which reach a sufficient accuracy to assess whether extension found within the Briançon network is localized onto any particular tectonic feature. Several faults in this area are known to be active normal faults. Assessing the localization of the deformation may lead to a better understanding of the active tectonics of the Alpine belt. To address this issue, a robust velocity field was computed from the combination of the different campaign and permanent GNSS data. Strain rate tensors were derived for the first time in this area on a 0.1 × 0.1 deg grid to assess the distribution of the deformation. The regional deformation appears localized in the Briançon area and reaches up to 20 ± 5 nanostrain yr−1 in the centre of the network. The observed velocities were projected on a profile across the network and compared with modelled interseismic deformation to characterize the behaviour of the major active faults known in the study zone. While a two-fault model provides the best fit to the data, a single fault model has only marginally higher residuals, with parameters which are more consistent with the seismotectonics of the region. The localization of the single modelled fault is consistent with the location of the High Durance Fault (HDF). Therefore, we used the known geological location of this structure as a priori information in a block model to compute a fault slip rate at the interface between the two blocks. The velocities on the interface indicate 0.4–0.5 mm yr−1 of extension, and therefore strain accumulates along the HDF throughout the seismic cycle. The geodetically derived fault slip rate is converted into an equivalent seismic moment release rate, which is consistent within its uncertainty bounds with the known historical and instrumental seismicity of the Briançon area.
Useful idiots: the Hohenzollerns and Hitler*
Authors: Urbach Karina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hitler needed the support of the Hohenzollern family on a national and an international level. While the national level has been researched in some detail, we do not have much information about the international aspect. This article shows what foreign connections the Hohenzollerns had and why they made them available to Hitler. Private correspondence in the papers of three Americans offers new insights. Resumption of the throne was a driving force for the Hohenzollerns who hoped to copy Mussolini’s arrangement with the Italian monarchy. But the family were not just opportunists. They shared many beliefs with the National Socialists: anti-Semitism, anti-parliamentarism and anti-communism. They also greatly admired Hitler’s wars of conquest. For the National Socialists, the Hohenzollerns’ eagerness to support them was welcome propaganda.
Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, modifies brain pathology in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Kapfhamer David , McKenna James , Yoon Caroline J , Murray-Stewart Tracy , Casero Robert A , Gambello Michael J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expressivity. TSC results from inactivating variants within the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, leading to constitutive activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Using a mouse model of TSC (Tsc2-RG) in which the Tsc2 gene is deleted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we observed increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzymatic activity and concentration of its product, putrescine. To test if increased ODC activity and dysregulated polyamine metabolism contribute to the neurodevelopmental defects of Tsc2-RG mice, we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to reduce ODC activity in Tsc2-RG mice, followed by histologic assessment of brain development. We observed that decreasing ODC activity and putrescine levels in Tsc2-RG mice worsened many of the neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including brain growth and neuronal migration defects, astrogliosis and oxidative stress. These data suggest a protective effect of increased ODC activity and elevated putrescine that modify the phenotype in this developmental Tsc2-RG model.
Dopaminergic loss of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 recapitulates methylphenidate-remediable hyperlocomotion in mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Jhang Cian-Ling , Lee Hom-Yi , Chen Jin-Chung , Liao Wenlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), a serine-threonine kinase encoded by an X-linked gene, is highly expressed in the mammalian forebrain. Mutations in this gene cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder, a neurodevelopmental encephalopathy characterized by early-onset seizures, motor dysfunction, and intellectual disability. We previously found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibit hyperlocomotion and increased impulsivity, resembling the core symptoms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we report the potential neural mechanisms and treatment for hyperlocomotion induced by CDKL5 deficiency. Our results showed that loss of CDKL5 decreases the proportion of phosphorylated dopamine transporter (DAT) in the rostral striatum, leading to increased levels of extracellular dopamine and hyperlocomotion. Administration of methylphenidate (MPH), a DAT inhibitor clinically effective to improve symptoms in ADHD, significantly alleviated the hyperlocomotion phenotype in Cdkl5 null mice. In addition, the improved behavioral effects of MPH were accompanied by a region-specific restoration of phosphorylated dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32 kDa, a key signaling protein for striatal motor output. Finally, mice carrying a Cdkl5 deletion selectively in DAT-expressing dopaminergic neurons, but not dopamine receptive neurons, recapitulated the hyperlocomotion phenotype found in Cdkl5 null mice. Our findings suggest that CDKL5 is essential to control locomotor behavior by regulating region-specific dopamine content and phosphorylation of dopamine signaling proteins in the striatum. The direct, as well as indirect, target proteins regulated by CDKL5 may play a key role in movement control and the therapeutic development for hyperactivity disorders.
On the Existence of Extremals for Moser-Type Inequalities in Gauss Space
Authors: Cianchi Andrea , Musil Vít , Pick Luboš 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe existence of an extremal in an exponential Sobolev-type inequality, with optimal constant, in Gauss space is established. A key step in the proof is an augmented version of the relevant inequality, which, by contrast, fails for a parallel classical inequality by Moser in the Euclidean space.
Measuring Performance and Shaping Identity
Authors: Jones Annika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Amid pressure to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC), work has progressed on the development of a set of performance indicators for the ICC. This article argues that performance indicators play into tensions that underpin the international criminal justice process at the ICC, in particular between expeditiousness, on the one hand, and fairness and victim satisfaction, on the other. It argues that while the ICC’s performance indicators extend assessment of the ICC beyond the speedy completion of cases and embrace goals of fairness and victim access to justice, they inevitably support the former to the detriment of the latter, with implications for the Court’s identity. While acknowledging the benefits of performance indicators for the ICC, the article outlines several measures to counter the risks that they pose for the balance between these goals.
A Longitudinal Skin Biopsy Study of Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein in a Patient With Parkinson Disease and Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Infante Rossella , Scaglione Cesa , Incensi Alex , Rizzo Giovanni , Liguori Rocco , Donadio Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the distribution of phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-syn) deposits in a patient affected by early stage Parkinson disease and orthostatic hypotension through a longitudinal skin biopsy study. We found widespread p-syn spatial diffusion from deep autonomic dermis nerve bundles to autonomic terminals, suggesting a centrifugal spread of p-syn from ganglia to the innervation target structures. Furthermore, the case suggests the possibility of discriminating synucleinopathies at an early stage of disease by means of skin biopsy. If confirmed, these data support skin biopsy as a useful and promising tool for the diagnosis, longitudinal evaluation, and pathological understanding of Parkinson disease.