bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding of pea leafminer larvae simultaneously activates jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways in plants to release a terpenoid for indirect defense
Authors: Yang Jun‐Nan , Wei Jia‐Ning , Kang Le 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, is an important pest species affecting ornamental crops worldwide. Plant damage consists of oviposition and feeding punctures created by female adult flies as well as larva‐bored mines in leaf mesophyll tissues. How plants indirectly defend themselves from these two types of leafminer damage has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we compared the indirect defense responses of bean plants infested by either female adults or larvae. Puncturing of leaves by adults released green leaf volatiles and terpenoids, while larval feeding caused plants to additionally emit methyl salicylate and (E,E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene (TMTT). Puncturing of plants by female adults induced increases in jasmonic acid (JA) and JA‐related gene expressions but reduced the expressions of salicylic acid (SA)‐related genes. In contrast, JA and SA and their‐related gene expression levels were increased significantly by larval feeding. The exogenous application of JA+SA significantly triggered TMTT emission, thereby significantly inducing the orientation behavior of parasitoids. Our study has confirmed that larval feeding can trigger TMTT emission through the activation of both JA and SA pathways to attract parasitoids; however, TMTT alone is less attractive than the complete blend of volatiles released by infested plants.
COVID‐19 Clinical trials: Quality matters more than quantity
Authors: Bonini Sergio , Maltese Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the ferment aroused in the scientific community by the COVID‐19 outbreak and the over 11,000 papers listed in PubMed, published evidence on safe and effective drugs has not progressed yet at the same speed of the pandemic. However, clinical research is rapidly progressing, as shown by the hundreds of registered clinical trials on candidate drugs for COVID‐19. Unfortunately, information on protocols of individual studies differs from registry to registry. Furthermore, study designs, criteria for stratification of patients and choice of outcomes are quite heterogeneous. All this makes data sharing and secondary analysis difficult. At last, small single centre studies and the use of drugs on a compassionate basis should be replaced by highly powered, multi‐centre, multi‐arm clinical trials, in order to provide the required evidence of safety and efficacy of novel or repurposed candidate drugs. Hopefully, the efforts of clinical researchers in the fight against the SARS Cov‐2 will result into the identification of effective treatments. To make this possible, clinical research should be oriented by guidelines for more harmonized high‐quality studies and by a united commitment of the scientific community to share personal knowledge and data. Allergists and clinical immunologists should have a leading role in this unprecedent challenge.
Optimisation of the organ donor and effects on transplanted organs: a narrative review on current practice and future directions
Authors: Bera K. D. , Shah A. , English M. R. , Harvey D. , Ploeg R. J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMortality remains high for patients on the waiting list for organ transplantation. A marked imbalance between the number of available organs and recipients that need to be transplanted persists. Organs from deceased donors are often declined due to perceived and actual suboptimal quality. Adequate donor management offers an opportunity to reduce organ injury and maximise the number of organs than can be offered in order to respect the donor's altruistic gift. The cornerstones of management include: correction of hypovolaemia; maintenance of organ perfusion; prompt treatment of diabetes insipidus; corticosteroid therapy; and lung protective ventilation. The interventions used to deliver these goals are largely based on pathophysiological rationale or extrapolations from general critical care patients. There is currently insufficient high‐quality evidence that has assessed whether any interventions in the donor after brain death may actually improve immediate post‐transplant function and long‐term graft survival or recipient survival after transplantation. Improvements in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms following brain death, in particular the role of immunological and metabolic changes in donors, offer promising future therapeutic opportunities to increase organ utilisation. Establishing a UK donor management research programme involves consideration of ethical, logistical and legal issues that will benefit transplanted patients while respecting the wishes of donors and their families.
Turn Digitalization and Automation to a Job Resource
Authors: Demerouti Evangelia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMy aim with this commentary is to discuss my vision on what will determine its impact, building on Parker and Grote (2020). To my view, digitalization and automation can contribute to stimulating and “healthy” jobs, if (a) they are designed to support people’s work, (b) people are in control and can craft their use, (c) job resources are maximized and job demands are affordable, (d) the economic growth is shared among stakeholders, including employees, and (e) authorities protect employees and employment (conditions).
Development and validation of a questionnaire for evaluating knowledge of risk factors for teen depression among health care trainees of a Nigerian university
Authors: Anosike Chibueze , Isah Abdulmuminu , Igboeli Nneka U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing knowledge of factors predisposing individuals to depression appears to be an important preventive strategy. However, there is no validated instrument for evaluating knowledge of risk factors for depression among adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess knowledge of risk factors for teen depression.MethodsExtensive literature search and expert consultations were carefully conducted. The content, face, and convergent validity of the prefinal Knowledge of Risk Factors for Teen Depression Questionnaire (KRFD‐Q) were performed. The Cronbach's alpha and test‐retest reliability of KRFD‐Q were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to delineate the final items into distinct clusters. Participants’ demographic characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.ResultsA total of 17 items were generated after an extensive literature search and expert consultations. Two items were considered as repetitions and thus deleted. The overall Cronbach's alpha of KRFD‐Q was 0.72. Test‐retest reliability (r = 0.83, P < .0001) and convergent validity (r = 0.61, P = .034) were satisfactory. The corrected item‐total correlation of KRFD‐Q ranged from 0.13 to 0.45. The EFA identified three factors, (1) family abuse, stress, and self‐criticism (7 items), (2) social/relationship factors (5 items), and (3) genetic and economic factors (3 items).DiscussionThe findings of this study demonstrate that 15‐item KRFD‐Q developed is satisfactorily valid and reliable to measure the knowledge of risk factors for teen depression among university undergraduate students.
Insect diversity over 36 years at a protected Sierra Nevada (California) site: towards an evaluation of the insect apocalypse hypothesis
Authors: Rosenheim Jay A. , Ward Philip S. 
Published: May 2020

Recent authors have suggested that declines of insect abundance or diversity, documented first for particular insect taxa of high interest (e.g., butterflies, bees), may apply to insect diversity more generally. This has led to an urgent call for analysis of additional longitudinal datasets to examine trends in general insect diversity.
Here we present a dataset gathered from 1982 to 2018 by advanced undergraduate students and graduate students enrolled in a taxonomy course that involved collecting as many insect families as possible over a 5‐week period at a high‐elevation protected forested site in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA.
The data do not support any consistent gain or loss of family‐level richness between 1982 and 2018 (no linear trend); a non‐linear model suggested a possible small decrease in family‐level richness collected between 1986 and 1990, followed by a gradual increase from 1990 to 2018. Neither weather variables nor collector experience or skill appeared to explain among‐year variation in collected insect diversity.
We urge caution in attempting to draw conclusions from single‐site, longitudinal datasets like this one; a definitive answer to the hypothesis of a broad, global decline of insect diversity will require the joint analysis of many datasets like the one we share here.
Continental‐scale tree‐ring‐based projection of Douglas‐fir growth: Testing the limits of space‐for‐time substitution
Authors: Klesse Stefan , DeRose Robert Justin , Babst Flurin , Black Bryan A. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Axelson Jodi , Ettinger Ailene , Griesbauer Hardy , Guiterman Christopher H. , Harley Grant , Harvey Jill E. , Lo Yueh‐Hsin , Lynch Ann M. , O'Connor Christopher , Restaino Christina , Sauchyn Dave , Shaw John D. , Smith Dan J. , Wood Lisa , Villanueva‐Díaz Jose , Evans Margaret E. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA central challenge in global change research is the projection of the future behavior of a system based upon past observations. Tree‐ring data have been used increasingly over the last decade to project tree growth and forest ecosystem vulnerability under future climate conditions. But how can the response of tree growth to past climate variation predict the future, when the future does not look like the past? Space‐for‐time substitution (SFTS) is one way to overcome the problem of extrapolation: the response at a given location in a warmer future is assumed to follow the response at a warmer location today. Here we evaluated an SFTS approach to projecting future growth of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a species that occupies an exceptionally large environmental space in North America. We fit a hierarchical mixed‐effects model to capture ring‐width variability in response to spatial and temporal variation in climate. We found opposing gradients for productivity and climate sensitivity with highest growth rates and weakest response to interannual climate variation in the mesic coastal part of Douglas‐fir's range; narrower rings and stronger climate sensitivity occurred across the semi‐arid interior. Ring‐width response to spatial versus temporal temperature variation was opposite in sign, suggesting that spatial variation in productivity, caused by local adaptation and other slow processes, cannot be used to anticipate changes in productivity caused by rapid climate change. We thus substituted only climate sensitivities when projecting future tree growth. Growth declines were projected across much of Douglas‐fir's distribution, with largest relative decreases in the semiarid U.S. Interior West and smallest in the mesic Pacific Northwest. We further highlight the strengths of mixed‐effects modeling for reviving a conceptual cornerstone of dendroecology, Cook's 1987 aggregate growth model, and the great potential to use tree‐ring networks and results as a calibration target for next‐generation vegetation models.
Real‐world analysis of haemophilia patients in China: A single centre's experience
Authors: Song Xuewen , Liu Wei , Xue Feng , Zhong Jia , Yang Yifan , Liu Yi , Xie Jipan , Wu Eric , Zhang Lei , Shi Jun , Yang Renchi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe management of haemophilia is critical to minimize the risk of disability and reduce the burden on China's healthcare system.AimThis study was based on a single centre in China and was conducted to understand the evolution of real‐world haemophilia care over the past 15 years.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and medical expenditures of 428 patients with haemophilia from January 2004 to December 2018 from the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital in Tianjin, China.ResultsThe delayed diagnosis time significantly decreased from 13.3 ± 5.1 years before 2004 to 0.4 ± 0.4 year in 2014‐2018 (P < .05). Among children and adults receiving prophylactic treatment, the annual factor consumption increased from 2004‐2008 (168.8 IU/kg in children and 120.7 IU/kg in adults) to 2009‐2013 (389.2 IU/kg in children and 316.2 IU/kg in adults) and 2014‐2018 (1328.0 IU/kg in children and 878.8 IU/kg in adults, P < .001). The annual medical insurance expenditure for haemophilia had increased steadily over the past 10 years. The number of patients tested regularly for inhibitors increased from 2004 (1.9% [2/105]) to 2018 (21.5% [59/275]). The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 33.8% during the years examined, while the incidence rates of HCV among patients significantly decreased (7.3% in 2008 to 0.4% in 2018).ConclusionSignificant improvements in the management of haemophilia were observed from 2004 to 2018. These results highlight the joint effort of the reimbursement policy and drug regulatory management paving the way for a better future for patients with haemophilia in China.
Mainstreaming public involvement in a complex research collaboration: A theory‐informed evaluation
Authors: Ward Fiona , Popay Jennie , Porroche‐Escudero Ana , Akeju Dorcas , Ahmed Saiqa , Cloke Jane , Khan Koser , Hassan Shaima , Khedmati‐Morasae Esmaeil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is an extensive literature on public involvement (PI) in research, but this has focused primarily on experiences for researchers and public contributors and factors enabling or restricting successful involvement in specific projects. There has been less consideration of a ‘whole system’ approach to embedding PI across an organization from governance structures through to research projects.ObjectiveTo investigate how a combination of two theoretical frameworks, one focused on mainstreaming and the other conceptualizing quality, can illuminate the embedding of positive and influential PI throughout a research organization.MethodsThe study used data from the evaluation of a large UK research collaboration. Primary data were collected from 131 respondents (including Public Advisers, university, NHS and local government staff) via individual and group interviews/workshops. Secondary sources included monitoring data and internal documents.FindingsCLAHRC‐NWC made real progress in mainstreaming PI. An organizational vision and infrastructure to embed PI at all levels were created, and the number and range of opportunities increased; PI roles became more clearly defined and increasingly public contributors felt able to influence decisions. However, the aspiration to mainstream PI throughout the collaboration was not fully achieved: a lack of staff ‘buy‐in’ meant that in some areas, it was not experienced as positively or was absent.ConclusionThe two theoretical frameworks brought a novel perspective, facilitating the investigation of the quality of PI in structures and processes across the whole organization. We propose that combining these frameworks can assist the evaluation of PI research.
Narrowband imaging with near‐focus magnification for discriminating the gastric tumor margin before endoscopic resection: A prospective randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Kim Jung‐Wook , Jung Yunho , Jang Jae‐Young , Kim Gwang Ha , Bang Byoung Wook , Park Jun Chul , Choi Hyuk Soon , Cho Jun‐Hyung ,   Research Group for Endoscopic Instruments and Stents of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis study investigated the usefulness of near‐focus narrowband imaging (NF‐NBI) for determining gastric tumor margins compared with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).MethodsThis prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at seven teaching hospitals in Korea. Patients with gastric adenoma or differentiated adenocarcinoma undergoing ESD were enrolled and randomly assigned to the NF‐NBI or ICC group. A marking dot was placed on the most proximal margin of the tumor before ESD. The primary endpoint was delineation accuracy, which was defined as presence of marking dots within 1 mm of the tumor margin under microscopic observation.ResultsA total of 200 patients in the NF‐NBI group and 195 patients in the ICC group were included. The delineation accuracy rate was 84.5% in the NF‐NBI group and 81.0% in the ICC group (P = 0.44). However, the distance from the marking dot to the margin of the tumor was significantly shorter in the NF‐NBI group than in the ICC group (0.8 ± 0.8 vs 1.2 ± 1.3 mm, P < 0.01). Even after adjustment of other clinicopathological factors that are associated with difficulty of tumor delineation, NF‐NBI did not show significant association with accurate delineation (odds ratio of 0.86, P = 0.60).ConclusionsThis prospective multicenter study showed that NF‐NBI is not superior to ICC in terms of accurately delineating gastric tumors (NCT02661945).
Probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal structures
Authors: Nakaoka Kazunori , Hashimoto Senju , Kawabe Naoto , Nakano Takuji , Takamura Tomoki , Miyachi Sayuri , Mii Arisa , Fukui Aiko , Yoshioka Kentaro , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe image‐based diagnosis of pancreatic diseases can be difficult and requires pathological evaluation. Probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables real‐time observation of the microscopic tissue pattern of lesion and may be a useful assistance for the diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of pCLE for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.MethodsThirty patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with pCLE for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatic diseases from June 2015 to October 2018 were included in this study. The pCLE findings were interpreted according to the Miami Classification.ResultsAmong a total of 30 patients, 12, 10, 4, and 4 patients received the definitive diagnoses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), main duct intrapapillary mucinous neoplasm, autoimmune pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of pCLE for PDAC and pancreatitis (96.7% and 93.3%, respectively) was higher than that of cytology (76.7% and 63.3%, respectively) (P = 0.0227 and 0.0048, respectively). The sensitivity of pCLE for PDAC was significantly higher (91.7%) than that of cytology (41.7%) (P = 0.0094). Moreover, the specificity of pCLE for pancreatitis was significantly higher than that of cytology (90.9% vs 50%; P = 0.0029). However, the diagnostic accuracies of pCLE and cytology for main duct intrapapillary mucinous neoplasm did not differ significantly (96.7% and 86.7%, respectively).ConclusionsProbe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy may be effective for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases as adjunct modality. It requires technical learning and further evaluation of its usefulness.
Successful treatment of doughnut warts with intralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Fouda Ibrahim , Aboelwafa Hany , Fawzy Mohamed M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoughnut warts, also called ring or annular warts, are a distinctive type of warts with central clearing and annular recurrence. There are very few studies illustrating this uncommon phenomenon and its treatment.AimsTo present 15 cases of doughnut warts and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Candida antigen intralesional immunotherapy in their treatment.MethodsThe study included 15 patients presenting with doughnut warts who were previously treated with destructive modalities for their original warts. All patients were injected intralesionally by Candida antigen at a dose of 0.2 mL into the base of doughnut wart until complete clearance or for a maximum of 5 sessions.ResultsComplete clearance was achieved in 12 patients (80%), partial response in 2 patients (13.3%), and no response in 1 patient (6.7%). Complete response was observed after two sessions in 5 patients, after three sessions in 4 patients, and after four sessions in 3 patients. Adverse effects were minimal and insignificant.ConclusionsDoughnut warts represent a unique and rare type of wart recurrence. Intralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy seems to be a promising and effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of such a rare entity.
A Macrofinance View of U.S. Sovereign CDS Premiums
Authors: CHERNOV MIKHAIL , SCHMID LUKAS , SCHNEIDER ANDRES 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPremiums on U.S. sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) have risen to persistently elevated levels since the financial crisis. We examine whether these premiums reflect the probability of a fiscal default—a state in which a balanced budget can no longer be restored by raising taxes or eroding the real value of debt by increasing inflation. We develop an equilibrium macrofinance model in which the fiscal and monetary policy stances jointly endogenously determine nominal debt, taxes, inflation, and growth. We show that the CDS premiums reflect the endogenous risk‐adjusted probabilities of fiscal default. The calibrated model is consistent with elevated levels of CDS premiums but leaves dynamic implications quantitatively unresolved.
Elective neck dissection in patients with salivary gland carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Westergaard‐Nielsen Marie , Rosenberg Tine , Gerke Oke , Dyrvig Anne‐Kirstine , Godballe Christian , Bjørndal Kristine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveElective neck dissection in patients with salivary gland carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes is controversial. Reported proportion of occult nodal metastases vary with histological subtype, tumour classification and preoperative diagnostic methods. This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the role of END in salivary gland carcinoma.MethodsA search in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was performed. Original articles in English with data on tumour characteristics, clinical and pathological N‐classification, and neck dissection were included. Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses were followed. Random effect modelling was performed to pool the data. Meta‐analysis of proportions was performed for occult metastases overall, for T3/T4 versus T1/T2 tumours and for tumours with high‐grade versus low‐grade histology. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with I‐squared statistics.ResultsWe included 22 articles in the qualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis. The pooled proportion of occult metastases was 21%. In patients with T3/T4 tumour, the pooled proportion of occult metastases was 36%, and in patients with high‐grade histology, it was 34%. Most studies concluded that END should be performed in patients with advanced T‐classification and high‐grade histology tumours. Nine studies assessed occult metastases per level.ConclusionThe overall occult metastases proportion does not require END in all patients with salivary gland carcinoma. We recommend END in patients with high‐grade or unknown histology or T3/T4 tumours. END should involve level II and III, and level I should be included in tumours in the submandibular gland, sublingual gland and minor oral salivary glands.