bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Rivaroxaban for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Following Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery: 600 Patients
Authors: Vasilakis Vasileios , Kortesis Bill G , Bharti Gaurav , Isakson Matthew H , Hunstad Joseph P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Reducing the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following abdominal body contouring surgery remains a top priority for patient safety. There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal chemoprophylactic agent for postoperative VTE prophylaxis, and the role of oral anticoagulants warrants further investigation.

Objectives
The aim of this multisurgeon, single-institution study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a 7-day postoperative rivaroxaban regimen for VTE prophylaxis in abdominal body contouring surgery.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent abdominoplasty, circumferential body lift, fleur-de-lis panniculectomy, or circumferential fleur-de-lis panniculectomy at our surgical center from August 2014 to November 2019. A 7-day postoperative course of once-daily 10 mg rivaroxaban, starting on postoperative day 1, was administered to every patient unless there was a contraindication. The 2 primary endpoints were the incidence of VTE and bleeding events.

Results
A total of 600 patients were included in the study. There were no deaths. There were 4 (0.7%) incidents of VTE events: 2 (0.3%) patients suffered pulmonary embolus and 2 (0.3%) patients suffered a lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. A total of 13 (2.2%) patients suffered complications related to bleeding. Of these, operative intervention for control and evacuation was required in 7 (1.2%) patients.

Conclusions
A 7-day postoperative course of once-daily rivaroxaban for VTE risk reduction in abdominal body contouring surgery is associated with a low incidence of VTE events and a low risk of bleeding complications.

Level of Evidence: 4
Lattice-based designs with quasi-optimal separation distance on all projections
Authors: He Xu 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Experimental designs that spread points apart from each other on projections are important for computer experiments, when not necessarily all factors have a substantial influence on the response. We provide a theoretical framework for generating designs that have quasi-optimal separation distance on all the projections and quasi-optimal fill distance on univariate margins. The key is to use special techniques to rotate certain lattices. One such type of design is the class of densest packing-based maximum projection designs, which outperform existing types of space-filling designs in many scenarios.
What Skills Do Older Self-Funders in England Need to Arrange and Manage Social Care? Findings from a Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Baxter Kate , Wilberforce Mark , Birks Yvonne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Older people in England who pay for social care from their own funds (‘self-funders’) receive little help in seeking and arranging care compared to older people funded by their local council. This suggests an implicit assumption that people funded by local councils need help to manage their care whereas self-funders do not. This article reports findings from a scoping review of published evidence from England, Scotland and Wales on the skills that older people need, and the help they get, to seek, arrange or manage use of social care, and how this help affects outcomes. Searches undertaken in October 2018 resulted in the inclusion of thirty-six empirical papers and seven reviews. Thematic analysis identified the importance of everyday life and specific business skills, and personal attributes including objectivity when evaluating options. The review identified two significant gaps in the evidence: first, how help in seeking and arranging care compensated for lack of, or complemented existing, skills; and secondly, how outcomes for people receiving help in arranging care compared with those not receiving help. The article concludes that a tailored approach to supporting older people arrange and manage care, irrespective of funding, should be considered.
Histopathology-validated recommendations for cortical lesion imaging in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bouman Piet M , Steenwijk Martijn D , Pouwels Petra J W , Schoonheim Menno M , Barkhof Frederik , Jonkman Laura E , Geurts Jeroen J G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cortical demyelinating lesions are clinically important in multiple sclerosis, but notoriously difficult to visualize with MRI. At clinical field strengths, double inversion recovery MRI is most sensitive, but still only detects 18% of all histopathologically validated cortical lesions. More recently, phase-sensitive inversion recovery was suggested to have a higher sensitivity than double inversion recovery, although this claim was not histopathologically validated. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to provide clarity on this matter by identifying which MRI sequence best detects histopathologically-validated cortical lesions at clinical field strength, by comparing sensitivity and specificity of the thus far most commonly used MRI sequences, which are T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery. Post-mortem MRI was performed on non-fixed coronal hemispheric brain slices of 23 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis directly after autopsy, at 3 T, using T1 and proton-density/T2-weighted, as well as FLAIR, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences. A total of 93 cortical tissue blocks were sampled from these slices. Blinded to histopathology, all MRI sequences were consensus scored for cortical lesions. Subsequently, tissue samples were stained for proteolipid protein (myelin) and scored for cortical lesion types I–IV (mixed grey matter/white matter, intracortical, subpial and cortex-spanning lesions, respectively). MRI scores were compared to histopathological scores to calculate sensitivity and specificity per sequence. Next, a retrospective (unblinded) scoring was performed to explore maximum scoring potential per sequence. Histopathologically, 224 cortical lesions were detected, of which the majority were subpial. In a mixed model, sensitivity of T1, proton-density/T2, FLAIR, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery was 8.9%, 5.4%, 5.4%, 22.8% and 23.7%, respectively (20, 12, 12, 51 and 53 cortical lesions). Specificity of the prospective scoring was 80.0%, 75.0%, 80.0%, 91.1% and 88.3%. Sensitivity and specificity did not significantly differ between double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery, while phase-sensitive inversion recovery identified more lesions than double inversion recovery upon retrospective analysis (126 versus 95; P &lt; 0.001). We conclude that, at 3 T, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences outperform conventional sequences T1, proton-density/T2 and FLAIR. While their overall sensitivity does not exceed 25%, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery are highly pathologically specific when using existing scoring criteria and their use is recommended for optimal cortical lesion assessment in multiple sclerosis.
Early Results from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City
Authors: Nagler Arielle R , Goldberg Eric R , Aguero-Rosenfeld Maria E , Cangiarella Joan , Kalkut Gary , Monahan Carolyn Rooke , Cerfolio Robert J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction employee testing was implemented across New York University Langone Health. Over 8 weeks, 14 764 employees were tested; 33% of symptomatic employees, 8% of asymptomatic employees reporting COVID-19 exposure, and 3% of employees returning to work were positive. Positivity rates declined over time, possibly reflecting the importance of community transmission and efficacy of personal protective equipment.
Development and validation of two SCORE-based cardiovascular risk prediction models for Eastern Europe: a multicohort study
Authors: Tillmann Taavi , Läll Kristi , Dukes Oliver , Veronesi Giovanni , Pikhart Hynek , Peasey Anne , Kubinova Ruzena , Kozela Magdalena , Pajak Andrzej , Nikitin Yuri , Malyutina Sofia , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tõnu , Fischer Krista , Kivimäki Mika , Bobak Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models are used in Western European countries, but less so in Eastern European countries where rates of CVD can be two to four times higher. We recalibrated the SCORE prediction model for three Eastern European countries and evaluated the impact of adding seven behavioural and psychosocial risk factors to the model.

Methods and results
We developed and validated models using data from the prospective HAPIEE cohort study with 14 598 participants from Russia, Poland, and the Czech Republic (derivation cohort, median follow-up 7.2 years, 338 fatal CVD cases) and Estonian Biobank data with 4632 participants (validation cohort, median follow-up 8.3 years, 91 fatal CVD cases). The first model (recalibrated SCORE) used the same risk factors as in the SCORE model. The second model (HAPIEE SCORE) added education, employment, marital status, depression, body mass index, physical inactivity, and antihypertensive use. Discrimination of the original SCORE model (C-statistic 0.78 in the derivation and 0.83 in the validation cohorts) was improved in recalibrated SCORE (0.82 and 0.85) and HAPIEE SCORE (0.84 and 0.87) models. After dichotomizing risk at the clinically meaningful threshold of 5%, and when comparing the final HAPIEE SCORE model against the original SCORE model, the net reclassification improvement was 0.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.11] in the derivation cohort and 0.14 (95% CI 0.04–0.25) in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
Our recalibrated SCORE may be more appropriate than the conventional SCORE for some Eastern European populations. The addition of seven quick, non-invasive, and cheap predictors further improved prediction accuracy.
Dementia as Fixed or Malleable: Development and Validation of the Dementia Mindset Scale
Authors: Kunz Lena K , Scheibe Susanne , Wisse Barbara , Boerner Kathrin , Zemlin Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCare professionals differ in how they experience and respond to dementia caregiving. To explain such differences, we developed a new measure: the Dementia Mindset Scale. This scale captures the extent to which care professionals view dementia as stable and fixed (akin to the biomedical perspective) or as flexible and malleable (akin to the person-centered approach).Research Design and MethodsWe conducted four studies to develop the scale. We tested items for comprehensibility, assessed the scale’s factorial structure and psychometric properties, and investigated its predictive validity for care professionals’ well-being.ResultsA new scale with a two-factor structure—distinguishing a malleable dementia mindset from a fixed dementia mindset—was developed. Results showed good convergent and divergent validity. Moreover, the dementia mindsets predicted aspects of job-related well-being in care professionals.Discussion and ImplicationsThe scale allows for the assessment of individual differences in how care professionals see dementia. This insight can be used to improve interventions aimed at enhancing care professionals’ well-being and quality of care.
A point dislocation in a layered, transversely isotropic and self-gravitating Earth – Part III: internal deformation
Authors: Zhou J , Pan E , Bevis M 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYIn this paper, we derive analytical solutions for the dislocation Love numbers (DLNs) and the corresponding Green's functions (GFs) within a layered, spherical, transversely isotropic and self-gravitating Earth. These solutions are based on the spherical system of vector functions (or the vector spherical harmonics) and the dual variable and position matrix method. The GFs for displacements, strains, potential and its derivatives are formulated in terms of the DLNs and the vector spherical harmonics. The vertical displacement due to a vertical strike-slip dislocation and the potential change (nΦ) due to a vertical dip-slip dislocation are found to be special, with an order O(1/n) on the source level and O(n) elsewhere. Numerical results are presented to illustrate how the internal fields depend on the particular type of dislocation. It is further shown that the effect of Earth anisotropy on the strain field can be significant, about 10 per cent in a layered PREM model and 30 per cent in a homogeneous earth model.
Efficiency changes in bottom trawling for flatfish species as a result of the replacement of mechanical stimulation by electric stimulation
Authors: Poos Jan-Jaap , Hintzen Niels T , van Rijssel Jacco C , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough fishing with electricity is illegal in the European Union, a number of temporary licences allowed converting beam trawlers to pulse trawling. To analyse how the adaption of pulse trawling changed this fishery, we studied fishing speeds and landings per unit effort as proxies for catch efficiencies for the main target species. Compared to conventional tickler chain beam trawls, pulse trawls were towed at lower speeds (small vessels −10%, large vessels −23%). Large vessels that switched from conventional beam trawls to pulse trawls at the end of 2009 gradually increased catch efficiency for sole over the period of almost 1 year. While pulse trawling was found to have higher catch rates (kg/h) for sole (small vessels +74%, large vessels +17%), lower catch rates were observed for plaice (small vessels −31%, large vessels −32%). Vessels that switched later achieved immediate gains in catch efficiency for sole. The change in catch efficiency is likely due to the difference in cramp response between the species.
A Phase 2 Study of Pimodivir (JNJ-63623872) in Combination With Oseltamivir in Elderly and Nonelderly Adults Hospitalized With Influenza A Infection: OPAL Study
Authors: O’Neil Brian , Ison Michael G , Hallouin-Bernard Marie Charlotte , Nilsson Anna C , Torres Antoni , Wilburn John M , van Duijnhoven Wilbert , Van Dromme Ilse , Anderson David , Deleu Sofie , Kosoglou Teddy , Vingerhoets Johan , Rossenu Stefaan , Leopold Lorant 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Both the elderly and individuals with comorbidities are at increased risk of developing influenza-related complications. Novel influenza antivirals are required, given limitations of current drugs (eg, resistance emergence and poor efficacy). Pimodivir is a first-in-class antiviral for influenza A under development for these patients.

Methods
Hospitalized patients with influenza A infection were randomized 2:1 to receive pimodivir 600 mg plus oseltamivir 75 mg or placebo plus oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 7 days in this phase 2b study. The primary objective was to compare pimodivir pharmacokinetics in elderly (aged 65–85 years) versus nonelderly adults (aged 18–64 years). Secondary end points included time to patient-reported symptom resolution.

Results
Pimodivir pharmacokinetic parameters in nonelderly and elderly patients were similar. Time to influenza symptom resolution was numerically shorter with pimodivir (72.45 hours) than placebo (94.15 hours). There was a lower incidence of influenza-related complications in the pimodivir group (7.9%) versus placebo group (15.6%). Treatment was generally well tolerated.

Conclusions
No apparent relationship was observed between pimodivir pharmacokinetics and age. Our data demonstrate the need for a larger study of pimodivir in addition to oseltamivir to test whether it results in a clinically significant decrease in time-to-influenza-symptom alleviation and/or the frequency of influenza complications.

Clinical trials registration
NCT02532283.
Anti–Interleukin-10 Unleashes Transcriptional Response to Leishmanial Antigens in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Syn Genevieve , Nylén Susanne , Engwerda Christian , Sacks David , Wilson Mary E , Kumar Rajiv , Chakravarty Jaya , Sundar Shyam , Blackwell Jenefer M , Fakiola Michaela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL; Leishmania donovani) cases produce interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor in response to soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) in whole-blood assays. Using transcriptional profiling, we demonstrate the impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine implicated in VL, on this response. SLA stimulation identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 17/28 in a single network with TNF as hub. SLA plus anti–IL-10 produced 454 DEGs, 292 in a single network with TNF, IFNG, NFKBIA, IL6, and IL1B as hubs in concert with a remarkable chemokine/cytokine storm. Our data demonstrate the singular effect of IL-10 as a potent immune modulator in VL.
A Randomized Phase 4 Study of Immunogenicity and Safety After Monovalent Oral Type 2 Sabin Poliovirus Vaccine Challenge in Children Vaccinated with Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Lithuania
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ananda S , Gast Chris , Brickley Elizabeth B , Rüttimann Ricardo , Clemens Ralf , Oberste M Steven , Weldon William C , Ackerman Margaret E , Connor Ruth I , Wieland-Alter Wendy F , Wright Peter , Usonis Vytautas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding immunogenicity and safety of monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV2) in inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)–immunized children is of major importance in informing global policy to control circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks.

Methods
In this open-label, phase 4 study (NCT02582255) in 100 IPV-vaccinated Lithuanian 1–5-year-olds, we measured humoral and intestinal type 2 polio neutralizing antibodies before and 28 days after 1 or 2 mOPV2 doses given 28 days apart and measured stool viral shedding after each dose. Parents recorded solicited adverse events (AEs) for 7 days after each dose and unsolicited AEs for 6 weeks after vaccination.

Results
After 1 mOPV2 challenge, the type 2 seroprotection rate increased from 98% to 100%. Approximately 28 days after mOPV2 challenge 34 of 68 children (50%; 95% confidence interval, 38%–62%) were shedding virus; 9 of 37 (24%; 12%–41%) were shedding 28 days after a second challenge. Before challenge, type 2 intestinal immunity was undetectable in IPV-primed children, but 28 of 87 (32%) had intestinal neutralizing titers ≥32 after 1 mOPV2 dose. No vaccine-related serious or severe AEs were reported.

Conclusions
High viral excretion after mOPV2 among exclusively IPV-vaccinated children was substantially lower after a subsequent dose, indicating induction of intestinal immunity against type 2 poliovirus.
Attribution of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Episodes and Emergency Department Visits to Norovirus Genogroups I and II
Authors: Tarr Gillian A M , Pang Xiao-Li , Zhuo Ran , Lee Bonita E , Chui Linda , Ali Samina , Vanderkooi Otto G , Michaels-Igbokwe Christine , Tarr Phillip I , MacDonald Shannon E , Currie Gillian , MacDonald Judy , Kim Kelly , Freedman Stephen B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. With vaccines in development, population-based estimates of norovirus burden are needed to identify target populations, quantify potential benefits, and understand disease dynamics.

Methods
We estimated the attributable fraction (AF) for norovirus infections in children, defined as the proportion of children testing positive for norovirus whose gastroenteritis was attributable to norovirus. We calculated the standardized incidence and emergency department (ED) visit rates attributable to norovirus using provincial gastroenteritis visit administrative data.

Results
From 3731 gastroenteritis case patients and 2135 controls we determined that the AFs were 67.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5%–100%) and 91.6% (88.8%–94.4%) for norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII), respectively. Norovirus GII AF varied by season but not age. We attributed 116 episodes (95% CI, 103–129) and 59 (51–67) ED visits per 10 000 child-years to norovirus GII across all ages, accounting for 20% and 18% of all medically attended gastroenteritis episodes and ED visits, respectively.

Conclusions
In children, a large proportion of norovirus GII detections reflect causation, demonstrating significant potential for norovirus GII vaccines. Seasonal variation in the norovirus GII AF may have implications for understanding the role asymptomatic carriage plays in disease dynamics.
A novel in silico antimicrobial peptide DP7 combats MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related biofilm infections
Authors: Yin Qi , Wu Siwen , Wu Lei , Wang Zhenling , Mu Yandong , Zhang Rui , Dong Chunyan , Zhou Bailing , Zhao Binyan , Zheng Jiajun , Sun Ying , Cheng Xingjun , Yang Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial peptides are promising alternative antimicrobial agents to combat MDR. DP7, an antimicrobial peptide designed in silico, possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effects of DP7 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biofilm infection remain largely unexplored.ObjectivesTo assess (i) the antimicrobial activity of DP7 against MDR P. aeruginosa; and (ii) the antibiofilm activity against biofilm infection. Also, to preliminarily investigate the possible antimicrobial mode of action.MethodsThe MICs of DP7 for 104 clinical P. aeruginosa strains (including 57 MDR strains) and the antibiofilm activity were determined. RNA-Seq, genome sequencing and cell morphology were conducted. Both acute and chronic biofilm infection mouse models were established. Two mutants, resulting from point mutations associated with LPS and biofilms, were constructed to investigate the potential mode of action.ResultsDP7, at 8–32 mg/L, inhibited the growth of clinical P. aeruginosa strains and, at 64 mg/L, reduced biofilm formation by 43% to 68% in vitro. In acute lung infection, 0.5 mg/kg DP7 exhibited a 70% protection rate and reduced bacterial colonization by 50% in chronic infection. DP7 mainly suppressed gene expression involving LPS and outer membrane proteins and disrupted cell wall structure. Genome sequencing of the DP7-resistant strain DP7R revealed four SNPs controlling LPS and biofilm production. gshA44 and wbpJ139 mutants displayed LPS reduction and motility deficiency, conferring the reduction of LPS and biofilm biomass of strain DP7R and indicating that LPS was a potential target of DP7.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that DP7 may hold potential as an effective antimicrobial agent against MDR P. aeruginosa and related infections.
A remark on functional completeness of binary expansions of Kleene’s strong 3-valued logic
Authors: Robles Gemma , Méndez José M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A classical result by Słupecki states that a logic L is functionally complete for the 3-element set of truth-values THREE if, in addition to functionally including Łukasiewicz’s 3-valued logic Ł3, what he names the ‘$T$-function’ is definable in L. By leaning upon this classical result, we prove a general theorem for defining binary expansions (i.e. expansions with a binary connective) of Kleene’s strong logic that are functionally complete for THREE.