bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and characterization of the friction of vehicle body vibration dampers
Authors: Körner Fridtjof , Mayer Ralph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe friction at the contact surfaces of a vehicle body vibration damper, which are moved relatively to each other, influences its transmission behavior at the start of movement (breakaway force) as well as with excitation signals of higher velocity and thus has an impact on the comfort properties of the damper. According to Vibracoustic (Die wichtigsten Kriterien für deutsche Autofahrer beim Autokauf, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2019), for most German drivers (63%) comfort (in addition to brand and appearance) before driving dynamics (53%) and environmental compatibility (48%) is the most important criteria when evaluating a new car, which explains the importance of this vehicle characteristics. Furthermore, the friction is present with any relative movement of the damper and is, therefore, relevant for the design of the damper and the associated vertical dynamics. The friction is generally determined in the fully assembled state of the damper, including oil filling and gas pressure at a very low movement velocity to eliminate the influence of the damping force. This measurement method allows no or only inadequate statements about the friction behavior at, e.g. more dynamic excitation scenarios. As a result, the aim should be to characterize the friction properties without the influence of hydraulic damping at the start of movement or reversal of movement, as well as at higher movement velocities. Another goal is to evaluate the influence of the internal pressure of the damper on its friction behavior. The test damper used here is a commercially available monotube damper that has been modified in accordance with the requirements for these tests. The results shown below can be used as starting variables for further investigations for the targeted optimization of the friction properties and thus for the improvement of driving comfort. The reduction in damper friction promises an increase in comfort due to the improved decoupling of the vehicle body from the road excitation. Furthermore, the data obtained enable the level of detail of simulation models to be increased and serve as a basis for comparing different friction pairings and contact surfaces in the damper. For the substitution of coatings (chrome-free piston rods → environmental protection) or tube materials (aluminum matrix composites → lightweight construction) as well as for changes in the surface structure and roughness, the results enable an evaluation of the friction properties compared to conventional dampers and the adjustment of the friction pairings in the sense of the best possible functionality.
Forced Migration, Older Refugees and Displacement: Implications for Social Work as a Human Rights Profession
Authors: Karlsson Sofie Ghazanfareeon , Jönsson Jessica H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article explores the conditions of globally displaced older refugees and outlines the implications for social work as a human rights profession. The study is based on a literature review and two current case examples of globally displaced older refugees facing long-term structural discrimination and human rights violation: older Rohingyas at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border and older Palestinians at the Israel-Gaza and Lebanon borders. The authors suggest that social workers as ‘front-line human rights workers’ are uniquely placed to identify needs, and take actionable steps to support and advocate for the human rights of older displaced refugees. It is argued that global social work ethics and principles of social justice and human rights should underpin social work practices that engage people and structures in order to address life challenges and enhance the well-being of displaced older refugees in war zones, at borders and in refugee camps. Future research and welfare projects that aim to analyse the political context that forms the living conditions of forcibly displaced older refugees, whilst enhancing the importance of social workers in interprofessional collaborations in these areas, are discussed.
Every 1D persistence module is a restriction of some indecomposable 2D persistence module
Authors: Buchet Mickaël , Escolar Emerson G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA recent work by Lesnick and Wright proposed a visualisation of 2D persistence modules by using their restrictions onto lines, giving a family of 1D persistence modules. We give a constructive proof that any 1D persistence module with finite support can be found as a restriction of some indecomposable 2D persistence module with finite support. As consequences of our construction, we are able to exhibit indecomposable 2D persistence modules whose support has holes as well as an indecomposable 2D persistence module containing all 1D persistence modules with finite support as line restrictions. Finally, we also show that any finite-rectangle-decomposable nD persistence module can be found as a restriction of some indecomposable $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

D persistence module.
Groundwater Constituents and Trace Elements in the Basement Aquifers of Africa and Sedimentary Aquifers of Asia: Medical Hydrogeology of Drinking Water Minerals and Toxicants
Authors: Nwankwo Chihurumnanya Belema , Hoque Mohammad A. , Islam Md Atikul , Dewan Ashraf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of groundwater, a major source of potable water, in developing countries has proven to be an invaluable resource for local populations. The ability to safely use this water for drinking, however, depends on its chemical quality, a factor primarily controlled by various aquifer attributes such as geology and geochemistry. On a global scale, groundwater is primarily sourced from either sedimentary or basement aquifers. In this study, we compared the groundwater constituents and trace elements found in these two types of aquifer system in the context of medical hydrogeology, i.e. the status of groundwater mineral nutrients and pollutants, and their complex interaction in relation to human health. The evaluation work used a collated geochemical dataset developed for Bangladesh sedimentary aquifer data (n = 474), basement aquifer data from Northern Ghana (n = 184) and Central Tanzania (n = 73). An assessment of the mineral concentration in regards to dietary needs showed that the sedimentary aquifers found in Bangladesh have almost double the concentration of salubrious minerals such as calcium, magnesium and iron relative to the basement aquifers (Ghana and Tanzania). It should be noted, however, that the groundwater was also found to contain excessive levels of arsenic in the sedimentary aquifers and high levels of fluoride in those countries sourcing water from within basement rock; levels at which both elements pose a serious public health threat. Excessive sodium in drinking water is also an issue as this, combined with the normal dietary sodium level intake, may lead to hypertension and cardio-metabolic diseases. Unfortunately, health-based guideline values for drinking water containing sodium are non-existent or poorly defined, a fact which warrants further consideration at both a national and international level. The use of groundwater for drinking may assist in increasing the level of mineral nutrient uptake in the local population, however, it must also be augmented by a nutritious food supply in order to satisfy normal human dietary requirements.
Growth of centimeter scale carbon wires using in-liquid AC arc discharge
Authors: Jankowski Krzysztof , Ostafin Agnes , Tomasik Mikołaj , Nyokong Tebello , Britton Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel observation of the formation of carbon wire in a carbon-based liquid solvent, using in liquid high voltage AC arc discharge is described. The authors describe the observed phenomenon, technical equipment needed to achieve the effect and preliminary qualitative results of obtained material. The wire consisted of well packed layers of carbon elements. The arc-discharge method is a simple, low cost method for the production of three dimensional carbon structures. A further research is needed to get a thorough understanding of the phenomenon.
Can Restructuring Gains Be Sustained Without Ownership Changes? Evidence from Withdrawn Privatizations
Authors: Lattanzio Gabriele , Megginson William L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBy employing a novel, hand-collected sample of withdrawn and completed share issue privatizations, we show that both groups undergo comparable restructuring processes over the 3 years preceding the event. We employ matching procedures to explicitly control for the restructuring effect, isolating the effect of the ownership transfer from state to private investors on corporate policies and performance. We document that, absent the ownership transfer, most of the gains realized during the restructuring process are reabsorbed over the posttreatment period. The transition from state to private ownership thus represents a necessary condition for the long-term success of privatization programs.
Significant Changes in Microbial Communities Associated With Reef Corals in the Southern South China Sea During the 2015/2016 Global‐Scale Coral Bleaching Event
Authors: Qin Zhenjun , Yu Kefu , Liang Jiayuan , Yao Qiucui , Chen Biao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrobial communities play important roles as coral symbionts, but their changes among coral species in response to thermal bleaching events are not well understood. Therefore, we focused on the microbial communities associated with coral species in the southern South China Sea (SCS) during the 2015/2016 global‐scale coral bleaching event (GCBE). Samples of eight typical coral species were collected before and during the GCBE, and the microbial communities, potential gene functions, and zooxanthellae densities (ZDs) were analyzed. We found that ZDs significantly decreased among all coral species during the GCBE. Alpha diversities of the microbial communities also significantly decreased at different taxonomic levels among these coral species. Principal coordinates analysis revealed significant differences in beta diversity among coral specimens, which were divided into two groups before and during the GCBE. Microbial gene functional prediction showed that microbial community physiology significantly changed during the GCBE, with decreased coverage in metabolism, membrane transport, replication and repair, and increased coverage in cell motility and signal transduction. Moreover, the abundance of potential pathogens such as the genus Vibrio greatly increased (from ~0.28% to ~52.92%) during the GCBE, whereas the abundance of several beneficial microbes such as Endozoicomonas significantly decreased (from ~26.10% to ~0.91%), resulting in an obvious decline in the coral‐holobiont physiological functions. Thus, the GCBE greatly affected the health of coral species in the southern SCS, by reducing the biodiversity of associated microbial communities and increasing the abundance of potential pathogens.
Increasing the Space–Time Resolution of Mapped Sea Surface Height From Altimetry
Authors: Archer Matthew R. , Li Zhijin , Fu Lee‐Lueng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a mapping methodology to improve the resolution of gridded sea surface height (SSH) from multisatellite along‐track measurements, and apply it in the California Current system. This is motivated by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, which will collect novel high‐resolution wide‐swath SSH measurements. The calibration/validation of SWOT will be in the California Current and requires independent observations of SSH spatial variability. Our objective was to discover how far we could push the space–time resolution of SSH maps based on the existing altimetry constellation. Currently, the best SSH maps for the region are from AVISO's global product based on optimal interpolation (OI). Our methodology is based on 2‐D variational analysis (2DVAR), and we address some limitations of the AVISO OI global parameterization that restrict the resolution. Key improvements are (1) use of a background field incorporating mesoscale information, as opposed to a long‐term mean field; (2) optimized regional parameters; and (3) a representation error term in the observational error covariance matrix to account for the spread of measurements in time. Using a suite of independent remote and in situ observations, we show the 2DVAR method can produce higher‐resolution SSH maps in the California Current region that successfully capture smaller‐scale ocean features than AVISO, at the expense of an increase in noise.
Reconstructing Pliocene West Pacific Warm Pool Hydroclimate Using In Situ Microanalyses on Fossil Planktic Foraminifer Shells
Authors: Wycech J. , Kelly D. C. , Fournelle J. , Kitajima K. , Kozdon R. , Orland I. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA controversial aspect of Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Ma) climate is whether El Niño‐like (El Padre) conditions, characterized by a reduced trans‐equatorial sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradient, prevailed across the Pacific. Evidence for El Padre is chiefly based on reconstructions of sea‐surface conditions derived from the oxygen isotope (δ18O) and Mg/Ca compositions of shells belonging to the planktic foraminifer Trilobatus sacculifer. However, fossil shells of this species are a mixture of multiple carbonate phases—pre‐gametogenic, gametogenic (reproductive), and diagenetic calcites—that formed under different physiological and/or environmental conditions and are averaged in conventional whole‐shell analyses. Through in situ measurements of micrometer‐scale domains within Pliocene‐aged shells of T. sacculifer from Ocean Drilling Program Site 806 in the western equatorial Pacific, we show that the δ18O of gametogenic calcite is 0.6–0.8‰ higher than pre‐gametogenic calcite, while the Mg/Ca ratios of these two phases are the same. Both the whole‐shell and pre‐gametogenic Mg/Ca records indicate that average early Pliocene SSTs were ~1°C warmer than modern, with present‐day SSTs being established during the latest Pliocene and early Pleistocene (~3.0–2.0 Ma). The measurement of multiple calcite phases by whole‐shell δ18O analyses masks a late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene (3.6–2.2 Ma) decrease in seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) values reconstructed from in situ pre‐gametogenic δ18O and Mg/Ca measurements. Our novel δ18Osw record indicates that sea‐surface salinities in the west Pacific warm pool were higher than modern prior to ~3.5 Ma, which is consistent with more arid conditions under an El Padre state.
Structural Analysis of the Western Afar Margin, East Africa: Evidence for Multiphase Rotational Rifting
Authors: Zwaan F. , Corti G. , Sani F. , Keir D. , Muluneh A. A. , Illsley‐Kemp F. , Papini M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Afar region in East Africa represents a key location to study continental breakup. We present an integrated structural analysis of the Western Afar Margin (WAM) aiming to better understand rifted margin development and the role of plate rotation during rifting. New structural information from remote sensing, fieldwork, and earthquake data sets reveals that the N‐S striking WAM is still actively deforming and is characterized by NNW‐SSE normal faulting as well as a series of marginal grabens. Seismicity distribution analysis and the first‐ever borehole‐calibrated sections of this developing passive margin show recent slip concentrated along antithetic faults. Tectonic stress parameters derived from earthquake focal mechanisms reveal different extension directions along the WAM (82°N), in Afar (66°N) and in the Main Ethiopian Rift (108°N). Fault slip analysis along the WAM yields the same extension direction. Combined with GPS data, this shows that current tectonics in Afar is dominated by the local rotation of the Danakil Block, considered to have occurred since 11 Ma. Earlier stages of Afar development (since 31–25 Ma) were most likely related to the large‐scale rotation of the Arabian plate. Various authors have proposed scenarios for the evolution of the WAM. Any complete model should consider, among other factors, the multiphase tectonic history and antithetic fault activity of the margin. The findings of this study are not only relevant for a better understanding of the WAM but also provide insights into the role of multiphase rotational extension during rifting and passive margin formation in general.
Comparison of Late Neogene Uk′37 and TEX86 Paleotemperature Records From the Eastern Equatorial Pacific at Orbital Resolution
Authors: Lawrence K. T. , Pearson A. , Castañeda I. S. , Ladlow C. , Peterson L. C. , Lawrence C. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKey features of late Neogene climate remain uncertain due to conflicting records derived from different sea surface temperature (SST) proxies. To understand scenarios in which proxy‐derived temperature estimates can be used interchangeably or are instead measuring different aspects of the same system, it is necessary to explore both the consistencies and differences between specific paleothermometers. Here, we report orbital‐scale climate records from ODP Site 846 in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) for the interval from ~5–6 Ma using alkenone and archaeal lipid paleothermometers. Results from both proxies are similar in their secular trends and magnitude of long‐term temperature change, and spectral analysis demonstrates that the records are coherent and in‐phase in both the obliquity and precession bands. However, we find that the temperatures reconstructed by TEX86 are consistently offset toward colder values by ~2 °C relative to Uk′37‐derived temperatures in global calibrations, or by ~0.8 °C in Bayesian‐based calibrations. All combinations of calibrations also yield approximately twice the amplitude of orbital‐scale variation in TEX86 relative to Uk′37‐derived temperature fluctuations. Both temperature proxies are negatively correlated with sedimentary alkenone concentrations, which we use as an indicator of increased export productivity. Removing this productivity contribution from TEX86 results in an adjusted TEX86 record with temperature sensitivity identical to Uk′37. In future applications, this signal may be decoupled using additional sedimentary indicators of paleoproductivity, which likely will be most important for upwelling zone environments. There remain other nonexplained factors that contribute to differences between TEX86 and Uk′37 that warrant additional investigation.
Enabling materials informatics for 29Si solid-state NMR of crystalline materials
Authors: Sun He , Dwaraknath Shyam , Ling Handong , Qu Xiaohui , Huck Patrick , Persson Kristin A. , Hayes Sophia E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining precise information about the local bonding of materials, but difficult to interpret without a well-vetted dataset of reference spectra. The ability to predict NMR parameters and connect them to three-dimensional local environments is critical for understanding more complex, long-range interactions. New computational methods have revealed structural information available from 29Si solid-state NMR by generating computed reference spectra for solids. Such predictions are useful for the identification of new silicon-containing compounds, and serve as a starting point for determination of the local environments present in amorphous structures. In this study, we have used 42 silicon sites as a benchmarking set to compare experimentally reported 29Si solid-state NMR spectra with those computed by CASTEP-NMR and Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Program (VASP). Data-driven approaches enable us to identify the source of discrepancies across a range of experimental and computational results. The information from NMR (in the form of an NMR tensor) has been validated, and in some cases corrected, in an effort to catalog these for the local spectroscopy database infrastructure (LSDI), where over 10,000 29Si NMR tensors for crystalline materials have been computed. Knowledge of specific tensor values can serve as the basis for executing NMR experiments with precision, optimizing conditions to capture the elements accurately. The ability to predict and compare experimental observables from a wide range of structures can aid researchers in their chemical assignments and structure determination, since the computed values enables the extension beyond tables of typical chemical shift (or shielding) ranges.
Neural responses to intention and benefit appraisal are critical in distinguishing gratitude and joy
Authors: Liu Guanmin , Cui Zaixu , Yu Hongbo , Rotshtein Pia , Zhao Fangyun , Wang Haixu , Peng Kaiping , Sui Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGratitude and joy are critical for promoting well-being. However, the differences between the two emotions and corresponding neural correlates are not understood. Here we addressed these issues by eliciting the two emotions using the same stimuli in an fMRI task. In this help reception task, participants imagined them in a situation where they need financial aid. Critically, we manipulated the benefactor’s intention to provide help and the value of the benefit. Behaviorally, gratitude was stronger than joy when the benefactor-intention was strong and the benefit-value was low compared to other conditions. In parallel, gratitude activated mentalizing-related (e.g. precuneus) and reward-related regions (e.g. putamen) more strongly than joy in corresponding conditions compared to others. Moreover, gratitude was more negatively (or less positively) encoded in the region associated with mentalizing (i.e. the left superior temporal gyrus) than joy. Multivariate pattern analysis further demonstrated that the modulation patterns of benefactor-intention and benefit-value in mentalizing-related (e.g. precuneus, temporo-parietal junction) and reward-related regions (e.g. putamen, perigenual anterior cingulate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex) could distinguish the two emotions. The findings suggest that benefactor-intention and benefit-value appraisal and their neural correlates are critical in distinguishing gratitude and joy. Direct implications for gratitude interventions were discussed.