bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise interventions preserve hippocampal volume: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wilckens Kristine A. , Stillman Chelsea M. , Waiwood Aashna M. , Kang Chaeryon , Leckie Regina L. , Peven Jamie C. , Foust Jill E. , Fraundorf Scott H. , Erickson Kirk I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHippocampal volume is a marker of brain health and is reduced with aging and neurological disease. Exercise may be effective at increasing and preserving hippocampal volume, potentially serving as a treatment for conditions associated with hippocampal atrophy (e.g., dementia). This meta‐analysis aimed to identify whether exercise training has a positive effect on hippocampal volume and how population characteristics and exercise parameters moderate this effect. Studies met the following criteria: (a) controlled trials; (b) interventions of physical exercise; (c) included at least one time‐point of hippocampal volume data before the intervention and one after; (d) assessed hippocampal volume using either manual or automated segmentation algorithms. Animal studies, voxel‐based morphometry analyses, and multi‐modal interventions (e.g., cognitive training or meditation) were excluded. The primary analysis in n = 23 interventions from 22 published studies revealed a significant positive effect of exercise on total hippocampal volume. The overall effect was significant in older samples (65 years of age or older) and in interventions that lasted over 24 weeks and had less than 150 min per week of exercise. These findings suggest that moderate amounts of exercise for interventions greater than 6 months have a positive effect on hippocampal volume including in older populations vulnerable to hippocampal atrophy.
Exploring the utility of Deep Red Anthraquinone 5 for digital staining of ex vivo confocal micrographs of optically sectioned skin
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Sahu Aditi , Cordova Miguel , Kose Kivanc , Aleissa Saud , Alessi‐Fox Christi , Haedersdal Merete , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Rossi Anthony Mario 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the utility of the fluorescent dye Deep Red Anthraquinone 5 (DRAQ5) for digital staining of optically sectioned skin in comparison to acridine orange (AO). Eight fresh‐frozen thawed Mohs discard tissue specimens were stained with AO and DRAQ5, and imaged using an ex vivo confocal microscope at three wavelengths (488 nm and 638 nm for fluorescence, 785 nm for reflectance). Images were overlaid (AO + Reflectance, DRAQ5 + Reflectance), digitally stained, and evaluated by three investigators for perceived image quality (PIQ) and histopathological feature identification. In addition to nuclear staining, AO seemed to stain dermal fibers in a subset of cases in digitally stained images, while DRAQ5 staining was more specific to nuclei. Blinded evaluation showed substantial agreement, favoring DRAQ5 for PIQ (82%, Cl 75%‐90%, Gwet's AC 0.74) and for visualization of histopathological features in (81%, Cl 73%‐89%, Gwet's AC 0.67), supporting its use in digital staining of multimodal confocal micrographs of skin.
Student outcomes from a long‐term outreach program working in rural and low‐income schools
Authors: Warren David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe outreach program in the University of Otago Chemistry Department, focus in the FACS Chemical Education Award Lecture, has been running for more than 10 years. Over that time, it has worked in schools around New Zealand as well as delivering workshops at the Madam Curie High School Chemistry Camp in Taiwan and partnerships with a number of teacher training institutes in Malaysia. In addition to supporting schools and teachers in their chemistry teaching. The program also develops a wide range of skills and attitudes among the chemistry student volunteers who work delivering hands on activities. An overview of the program, the approach taken, and some examples of the activities will be followed by results of student interviews as they reflect on their development and learning.
Association of circulating long non‐coding RNA HULC expression with disease risk, inflammatory cytokines, biochemical index levels, severity‐assessed scores, and mortality of sepsis
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Feng Qiang , Wu Yiping , Feng Lingxiang , Yuan Haiyan , Hou Liyan , Wei Peixuan , Wang Chao , Wang Jingmei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore the correlation of long non‐coding RNA highly up‐regulating in liver cancer (lncRNA HULC) with disease risk, inflammatory cytokines, biochemical indexes, disease severity, infective features, and 28‐day mortality of sepsis.MethodsTotally 174 sepsis patients and 100 controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected from sepsis patients after diagnosis and from controls at enrollment, respectively, and further for separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and serum samples. PBMC samples were for lncRNA HULC detection, and serum samples were for inflammatory cytokine detection.ResultsLncRNA HULC expression was increased in sepsis patients compared with controls. Moreover, lncRNA HULC was positively associated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐17, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, serum creatinine, white blood cell, and C‐reactive protein in sepsis patients, but not in controls. Furthermore, in sepsis patients, lncRNA HULC expression was positively correlated with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score and sequential organ failure assessment score, but not correlated with primary infection sites or primary infection organisms; meanwhile, lncRNA HULC expression was increased in deaths compared with survivors; subsequent receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that lncRNA HULC presented good value in predicting increased 28‐day mortality (AUC: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.713–0.857), and its independent predictive value for mortality was also verified by multivariate analysis.ConclusionLncRNA HULC is correlated with higher disease risk, severity, and inflammation and serves as an independent factor for predicting increased mortality, suggesting its potential in promoting accuracy of prognostic prediction for sepsis management.
Reliability of measurements of facial profile parameters by operators with different levels of experience at 15 to 23 weeks of gestation
Authors: Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Sawaddisan Rapphon , Booncharoen Pichaya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the reliability of measurements of five fetal facial profile parameters by operators with different levels of experience, at 15 to 23 weeks of gestation in Thai fetuses.MethodsAn observational study was conducted. The inferior facial angle, anteroposterior mandibular diameter, mandible width, maxilla width, and mandible length were measured in 123 normal fetuses, using 2D ultrasonography, by three operators with different levels of experience. Each participant was examined by two operators. Each operator performed three independent measurements for each parameter and was blinded to the results of the other. Reliability of measurement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to evaluate agreement.ResultsThe ability to obtain a mandible length measurement was highest (100%) among the five parameters. Intraobserver variabilities of anteroposterior mandibular diameter, mandible width, maxilla width, and mandible length measurements were excellent for all operators (ICC 0.958‐0.986), while those of inferior facial angle measurements were moderate to excellent (ICC 0.560‐0.923), depending on the operators' experience. Interobserver variabilities varied between pairs of operators; only two parameters, anteroposterior mandibular diameter and mandible length, showed excellent interobserver variabilities (ICC >0.9), with good agreement.ConclusionsThe mandible length measurement was the best parameter in terms of feasibility and reliability.
Individual predisposition and the intricate interplay between systemic biomarkers and periodontal risk in a general population
Authors: Meisel Peter , Nauck Matthias , Kocher Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing age is associated with systemic diseases as well as with periodontal diseases. We wondered whether a biological age score constructed exclusively from systemic biomarkers would reflect periodontal risk factors at baseline and tooth loss as well as periodontal outcome during 10 years follow‐up.MethodsFrom the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) 2256 participants (1072 male, 1184 female) were studied for the relationship of the systemic biomarkers glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), fibrinogen, white blood cell count, blood pressure, and waist circumference to their age. Construction of a biological age (BA) score allowed its comparison with the participants’ actual chronological age (CA) and their predisposition to periodontal disease.ResultsThough nearly identical in CA, participants appearing younger than their true age had a significantly reduced burden of periodontal risk factors. If BA > CA, then risk factors were more frequent including smoking, oral hygiene, dental visits, education, and income. After 10 years, in participants with identical CA, tooth loss followed their BA calculated at baseline, that is, with BA > CA fewer teeth were preserved. Similarly, periodontal measures varied according to BA; sex differences were obvious. Most significant were BA‐related differences in inflammatory and anthropometry parameters.ConclusionsThe results support the assumption that risk profiles aggregated in BA constitute a characteristic susceptibility pattern unique to each individual, common to both systemic and periodontal diseases. Although BA was constructed exclusively from systemic measures at baseline, BA reflects the oral conditions at follow‐up.
Chemical enhancement effects on protoporphyrin IX surface‐enhanced Raman spectra: Metal substrate dependence and a vibronic theory analysis
Authors: McNeely James , Ingraham Harrison M. , Premasiri W. Ranjith , Ziegler Lawrence D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and analogous metal‐containing PPIX compounds excited at 785 nm exhibit robust, strongly enhanced (~5 × 109) spectra that are highly dependent on the nanostructured metal (Au or Ag). Although the relative intensities of the 785‐nm SERS vibrational spectral features are very similar for all observed PPIX‐based compounds, the relative intensities are dramatically different on Au and Ag SERS substrates. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations are carried out for Au2/Ag2–PPIX complexes to understand the origins of this chemical enhancement contribution to the observed SERS spectra. The observed metal dependence of the SERS spectra in the heme ring stretching region (1,500–1,620 cm−1) are reproduced by calculated resonance Raman intensities due to low‐lying metal (σ) to molecule (π*) charge transfer excitations of the metal dimer–PPIX complexes when the metal dimer is near a porphyrin ring Cβ position. The nuclear coordinate dependence of electronic transition moments is essential for capturing the effects of these CT excitations. A simple method for determining the importance of the transition moment normal mode dependence relative to Franck–Condon factors (A term) is described and implemented. The consequences of this vibronic analysis for the observation of overtone/combination bands in SERS spectra are discussed.
Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) Versus Non‐TORS Tongue Resection for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Kim Jeehong , Poole Barish , Cen Steven Yong , Sanossian Nerses , Kezirian Eric James 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo compare transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus non‐TORS tongue resection procedures performed for obstructive sleep apnea from January 2010 to September 2015 using a national database, focusing on patient characteristics, performance of concurrent procedures, operative time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications.MethodsA cohort of adults undergoing TORS and non‐TORS tongue resection procedures was identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a publicly‐available national administrative database incorporating a stratified sample of hospital discharge records. Outcomes were annual case volumes, prolonged (≥3 days) hospital stay, and complications. Statistical analyses examined potential associations between TORS and prolonged hospital stay and complications.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2015, 5709 hospital discharges included tongue resection surgery to treat obstructive sleep apnea. There was a gradual decline and stabilization in overall volumes, with the proportion of TORS use showing an initial increase, followed by a decrease and rebound increase. TORS patients were less likely to undergo concurrent nasal surgery (15% vs. 44%, P < .01), but there was no association between the use of TORS and concurrent palatal surgery. TORS use was not associated with concurrent hypopharyngeal surgery overall, but it was associated with specific types of hypopharyngeal surgery. TORS use was associated with patient age, payor, and certain hospital characteristics. TORS use was associated with an increased risk of prolonged hospital stay (33% vs. 25%, P = .045) but was not associated with complications.ConclusionThis study provides insight into TORS use in tongue resection surgery for obstructive sleep apnea during this period of early TORS adoption.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 (cohort study). Laryngoscope, 131:E1735–E1740, 2021
Liver Transplant Recipient, Caregiver, and Provider Perceptions of Cardiovascular Disease and Related Risk Factors After Transplant
Authors: VanWagner Lisa B. , Gordon Elisa , Adamski Lindsay , Kosirog Megan , Daud Amna , Finn Daniel J. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Holl Jane L. 
Published: December 2020

Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to characterize LTR, informal caregiver, and health care provider perceptions about CVD care after liver transplantation (LT) to inform the design of solutions to improve care. Participants included adult LTRs, their caregivers, and multispecialty health care providers recruited from an urban tertiary care network who participated in 90‐minute focus groups and completed a brief survey. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 17 LTRs, 9 caregivers, and 22 providers participated in 7 separate focus groups. Most (93.3%) LTRs and caregivers were unaware of the risk of CVD after LT. Although 54.5% of providers were confident discussing CVD risk factors with LTRs, only 36.3% were confident managing CVD risk factors in LTRs, and only 13.6% felt that CVD risk factors in their LTR patients were well controlled. Barriers to CVD care for LTRs included (1) lack of awareness of CVD risk after LT, (2) lack of confidence in an ability to provide proper CVD care to LTRs, (3) reluctance to provide CVD care without transplant provider review, and (4) complexity of communication with the multidisciplinary LTR care team about CVD care. Participant recommendations included improved education for LTRs and caregivers about CVD risk factors, electronic health record alerts for providers, clearly defined CVD care provider roles, increased use of the transplant pharmacist, and multidisciplinary provider meetings to discuss care plans for LTRs. Multiple barriers to CVD care after LT were identified, and targeted recommendations were proposed by participants. Transplant centers should integrate participants’ recommendations when designing interventions to optimize CVD care for LTRs.
Multicomponent Polymerizations Involving Green Monomers
Authors: Wang Jia , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGreen monomers, such as oxygen (O2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), refer to a kind of natural reagents with abundant, nontoxic, cheap, environmentally friendly, renewable, and sustainable features. These monomers have been used in multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) toward functional polymers. In this review, the recent development of MCPs involving green monomers of O2‐, H2O‐, and CO2 is summarized. The catalytic systems, polymerization conditions, the molecular weights, and potential applications of resultant polymers are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the existing challenges and the promising opportunities are concisely provided.
A Fluorinated Thermocrosslinkable Organosiloxane: A New Low‐k Material at High Frequency with Low Water Uptake
Authors: Liu Fengping , Chen Xingrong , Hou Jiaren , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain low‐k material with good comprehensive properties, a trifluoromethyl‐containing organosiloxane with thermocrosslinkable vinyl and benzocyclobutene groups is designed and synthesized through the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. After treating at high temperature, the organosiloxane changed to form a cross‐linked polysiloxane (called as c‐FSi‐BCB). c‐FSi‐BCB exhibits good dielectric properties with dielectric constant (Dk) of 2.60 and dielectric loss (Df) of 1.49 × 10−3 at a high frequency of 5 GHz. Importantly, c‐FSi‐BCB maintains such good dielectric properties and exhibits low water uptake of below 0.076%, even after immersing it in boiling water for 96 h. c‐FSi‐BCB also displays good thermostability with a 5% weight loss temperature (T5d) of 453 °C. These data indicate that this fluorinated organosiloxane is suitable as the matrix resin for the fabrication of devices used in 5G communication.
The Rostock International Parkinson's Disease (ROPAD) Study: Protocol and Initial Findings
Authors: Skrahina Volha , Gaber Hanaa , Vollstedt Eva‐Juliane , Förster Toni M. , Usnich Tatiana , Curado Filipa , Brüggemann Norbert , Paul Jefri , Bogdanovic Xenia , Zülbahar Selen , Olmedillas Maria , Skobalj Snezana , Ameziane Najim , Bauer Peter , Csoti Ilona , Koleva‐Alazeh Natalia , Grittner Ulrike , Westenberger Ana , Kasten Meike , Beetz Christian , Klein Christine , Rolfs Arndt ,   the ROPAD Study Group
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic stratification of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients facilitates gene‐tailored research studies and clinical trials. The objective of this study was to describe the design of and the initial data from the Rostock International Parkinson's Disease (ROPAD) study, an epidemiological observational study aiming to genetically characterize ~10,000 participants.MethodsRecruitment criteria included (1) clinical diagnosis of PD, (2) relative of participant with a reportable LRRK2 variant, or (3) North African Berber or Ashkenazi Jew. DNA analysis involved up to 3 successive steps: (1) variant (LRRK2) and gene (GBA) screening, (2) panel sequencing of 68 PD‐linked genes, and (3) genome sequencing.ResultsInitial data based on the first 1360 participants indicated that the ROPAD enrollment strategy revealed a genetic diagnostic yield of ~14% among a PD cohort from tertiary referral centers.ConclusionsThe ROPAD screening protocol is feasible for high‐throughput genetic characterization of PD participants and subsequent prioritization for gene‐focused research efforts and clinical trials. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Permeability stability calculation model of foam‐conditioned soil based on the permeability constant
Authors: Wang Shuying , Huang Shuo , Zhong Jiazheng , Zhang Sheng , Hu Qinxin , Qu Tongming , Ye Xinyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe low permeability of discharged muck must last for at least tens of minutes to avoid water spewing during earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling; however, foam, which is usually added to soil to reduce its permeability, has its own unique time‐varying characteristics. Thus, it is important to predict the stable time of permeability of foam‐conditioned soil for EPB shield tunneling. Based on theories of the effective permeation channel of pure foam and fluid mechanics, a constant is proposed to predict the duration of the initial period during which the coefficient of permeability of the conditioned soil remains stable. A series of large‐scale permeation tests were carried out to determine the duration of the initial stable period for various foam‐conditioned soils, and it was verified that the predicted results were in good agreement with the measured results. Furthermore, based on the constant, practical concepts, including duration reference curves, optimum fineness, optimum porosity and critical particle size, are proposed for the spewing control of EPB shield tunneling.
Improving efficiency and robustness of enhanced assumed strain elements for nonlinear problems
Authors: Pfefferkorn Robin , Bieber Simon , Oesterle Bastian , Bischoff Manfred , Betsch Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe enhanced assumed strain (EAS) method is one of the most frequently used methods to avoid locking in solid and structural finite elements. One issue of EAS elements in the context of geometrically nonlinear analyses is their lack of robustness in the Newton–Raphson scheme, which is characterized by the necessity of small load increments and large number of iterations. In the present work we extend the recently proposed mixed integration point (MIP) method to EAS elements in order to overcome this drawback in numerous applications. Furthermore, the MIP method is generalized to generic material models, which makes this simple method easily applicable for a broad class of problems. In the numerical simulations in this work, we compare standard strain‐based EAS elements and their MIP improved versions to elements based on the assumed stress method in order to explain when and why the MIP method allows to improve robustness. A further novelty in the present work is an inverse stress‐strain relation for a Neo‐Hookean material model.
Processing temperature‐dependent distribution of multiwall carbon nanotube in poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene)/high density polyethylene for electrical conductivity and microwave shielding enhancement
Authors: Yue Tian‐Ning , Gao Ya‐Nan , Wang Ye , Shi Yu‐Dong , Shen Jia‐bin , Wu Hong , Wang Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConductive polymer composites have attracted attention for their tunable electrical conductivity and microwave shielding performance by controlling the distribution of conductive fillers. In this work, the effect of processing temperature on the distribution of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the high density polyethylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene) (HDPE/POE) composites was investigated. The MWCNTs were premixed with HDPE to form HDPE/MWCNT master batches at 180°C, and then mixed with POE at different temperature of 140°C and 210°C. At high temperature of 210°C, the volume diffusion of MWCNTs would easily happen in the composites which made the MWCNTs be randomly dispersed in both HDPE and POE domains. At low temperature of 140°C, the MWCNTs could hardly diffuse from HDPE phase to POE phase because of the high viscosity of polymer matrix. Therefore, most of MWCNTs were confined dispersion in HDPE in the composites being prepared at low temperature, which exhibited high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance and high conductivity. Specifically, the electrical conductivity of the HDPE/POE (58/42 v/v)/MWCNTs composites with 2.5 vol% MWCNTs increased from 7.4 × 10−2 to 0.78 S/m at the mixing temperature of 210°C and 140°C, respectively. The average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the HDPE/POE (58/42 v/v)/MWCNTs composites with 4.0 vol% MWCNTs increased from approximately 19.7 to approximately 26.7 dB at the mixing temperature of 210°C and 140°C, respectively. This works provide a processing temperature controlling strategy to fabricate conductive polymer composites with high‐performance microwave shielding.