bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Intraoperative Angle Kappa Adjustment on Higher-Order Aberrations Before and After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Shao Ting , Wang Yan , Ng Alex L. K. , Chan Tommy C. Y. , Hao Weiting , Zhang Jiamei , Cheng George P. M. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To compare higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in patients with and without intraoperative angle kappa adjustments.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series. One hundred six eyes of 106 patients who underwent SMILE at Tianjin Eye Hospital (Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China) for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of eyes with intraoperative angle kappa adjustment and the second group consisted of eyes without adjustment. Preoperative and postoperative visual outcome, refraction, and HOA measurements at 1 and 3 months were compared.

Results:
At the pupil size of 6 mm, vertical coma at 1 and 3 months after SMILE for the angle kappa-adjusted group was 0.153 ± 0.107 and 0.157 ± 0.094 μm, which were significantly lower than those of the nonadjusted group (0.204 ± 0.117 and 0.203 ± 0.113 μm, respectively) (P = 0.026 at 1 mo, P = 0.047 at 3 mo). The change in vertical coma between preoperative and postoperative measurements was 0.011 ± 0.136 and 0.023 ± 0.129 μm at 1 and 3 months postoperatively for the angle kappa-adjusted group, which were lower than those of the nonadjusted group (0.082 ± 0.165 and 0.085 ± 0.150 μm, respectively) (P = 0.023 at 1 mo, P = 0.045 at 3 mo). Subgroup analysis for eyes with large angle kappa demonstrated that the vertical coma was significantly less in the angle kappa-adjusted group at both 1 and 3 months (P = 0.009, P = 0.043, respectively). No significant correlation was observed between angle kappa and HOAs in the angle kappa-adjusted group.

Conclusions:
Adjustment of angle kappa during SMILE resulted in less HOAs. It would provide more insight on how to optimize treatment centration in SMILE.
Secondary Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety Trial Data of the Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Children and Adolescents in Colombia
Authors: Reynales Humberto , Carrasquilla Gabriel , Zambrano Betzana , Cortés S Margarita , Machabert Tifany , Jing Jin , Pallardy Sophie , Haney Owen , Faccini Martha , Quintero Juliana , Noriega Fernando 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The efficacy of the recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) against virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD) has been documented in a phase 3 trial in Latin America (CYD15, NCT01374516). This is a descriptive secondary analysis of the efficacy and safety of CYD-TDV in participants from Colombia.

Methods:
Data from 9740 Colombian participants 9–16 years of age who were randomized 2:1 to receive CYD-TDV or placebo were assessed to describe the vaccine efficacy of CYD-TDV against VCD and severe VCD. Estimation was made of the relative risk (RR) for hospitalized VCD cases and severe hospitalized VCD cases after the first dose of CYD-TDV, as well as a description of the incidence of hospitalized dengue from the start of the study and per year of the study until study completion.

Results:
During the active phase of the trial in Colombia, the efficacy of CYD-TDV was 67.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 58.3–74.7] against symptomatic VCD due to any serotype from injection 1 (month 0) to 25 months postinjection 1. Over 6 years, the RR across all 4 serotypes was 0.166 (95% CI: 0.09–0.29) in hospitalized VCD patients and 0.154 (95% CI: 0.04–0.50) in patients with severe hospitalized VCD.

Conclusions:
Analysis of the data from Colombia mimics the efficacy observed in CYD15 during the active surveillance follow-up (25 months), but with a sustained beneficial RR for dengue hospitalizations on the subsequent years of follow-up. In Colombia, where seroprevalence has been demonstrated to be high in several regions of the country, CYD-TDV is a useful tool to consider as part of an integrated control strategy against endemic dengue, a disease with a high economic impact on the health system.
Nociceptive input after peripheral nerve injury results in cognitive impairment and alterations in primary afferent physiology in rats
Authors: Boada M. Danilo , Ririe Douglas G. , Martin Conner W. , Martin Salem J. , Kim Susy A. , Eisenach James C. , Martin Thomas J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pain alters cognitive performance through centrally mediated effects in the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that persistent activation of peripheral nociceptors after injury would lead to the development of a chronic pain state that impairs attention-related behavior and results in changes in peripheral neuron phenotypes. Attentional performance was measured in rats using the 5-choice serial reaction time titration variant to determine the initial impact of partial L5 spinal nerve ligation and the effect of persistent nociceptor activation on the resolution of injury. The changes in peripheral neuronal sensibilities and phenotypes were determined in sensory afferents using electrophysiologic signatures and receptive field properties from dorsal root ganglion recordings. Partial spinal nerve injury impaired attentional performance, and this was further impaired in a graded fashion by nociceptive input through an engineered surface. Impairment in attention persisted for only up to 4 days initially, followed by a second phase 7 to 10 weeks after injury in animals exposed to nociceptive input. In animals with prolonged impairment in behavior, the mechanonociceptors displayed a persistent hypersensitivity marked by decreased threshold, increased activity to a given stimulus, and spontaneous activity. Nerve injury disrupts attentional performance acutely and is worsened with peripheral mechanonociceptor activation. Acute impairment resolves, but persistent nociceptive activation produces re-emergence of impairment in the attention-related task associated with electrophysiological abnormalities in peripheral nociceptors. This is consistent with the development of a chronic pain state marked by cognitive impairment and related to persistently abnormal peripheral input.
Clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent in bifurcation and nonbifurcation lesions: a meta-analysis of 23 981 patients
Authors: Burzotta Francesco , Annone Umberto , Paraggio Lazzaro , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Aurigemma Cristina , Romagnoli Enrico , Verdirosi Diana , Trani Carlo , Crea Filippo 
Published: February 2020

Background
PCI in CBL is common and technically demanding. Whether such patients have adverse outcome during the follow-up after successful PCI is unclear. We aim to compare the clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation of coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL) and non-CBL.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies reporting the clinical outcome of patients undergoing PCI in CBL or not. Patients with left main disease constituted a predefined subgroup. Primary study end-point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results
Fifteen publications on 23 891 patients with coronary artery disease treated by DES in CBL or not were identified. Median follow-up length was 24 months (range: 12–60). MACE at the longest available follow-up were significantly higher in CBL as compared with non-CBL (19.0 vs. 12.1%, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the subanalysis restricted to second-generation DES studies. The MACE rate was higher early, then decreased during the follow-up being, however, appreciable at all timings up to 36 months. In the left main (LM) subanalysis (four studies, 3210 patients), patients underwent DES implantation in distal LM, as compared with nondistal LM, had increased the MACE rate during the follow-up (27.4 vs. 17.4%, P < 0.001), which was driven by higher target vessel revascularization.

Conclusions
In the contemporary DES era, CBL represent a subset of lesions associated with increased rate of MACE after PCI. This data prompt for studies aimed at improving the clinical outcomes of patients with CAD.
Combat Experiences Link With Posttraumatic Growth Among Veterans Across Conflicts
Authors: LaRocca Michael A. , Avery Timothy J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Research has established posttraumatic growth as a potential outcome of highly stressful experiences such as combat. However, a deeper understanding of this relationship is needed to provide practical implications for clinical work and to influence new research directions. We examined the relation between combat experiences and posttraumatic growth along with its subscales, as well as the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptom severity. The study contained a sample of 130 combat veterans representing a variety of deployment locations. Regression analysis revealed combat experiences to be associated with posttraumatic growth beyond the effect of age (β = 0.21; p = 0.014). In addition, the association between combat experiences and posttraumatic growth was most evident among those endorsing low levels of depression symptom severity (partial η squared = 0.07; p = 0.009). These results highlight the need to consider negative cognitions and other depressive symptoms as potential barriers to posttraumatic growth.
Radiographic Severity of Metopic Craniosynostosis Correlates with Long-Term Neurocognitive Outcomes
Authors: Gabrick Kyle S. , Wu Robin T. , Singh Anusha , Persing John A. , Alperovich Michael 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Reports of neurodevelopmental delays in adolescents with metopic craniosynostosis have ranged from 15 to 61 percent. Previously, event-related potentials have correlated preoperative radiographic severity with language deficiencies in infancy. This study sought to characterize neurocognitive testing at cranial maturity and correlate outcomes to preoperative radiographic severity.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with metopic craniosynostosis who underwent surgical correction in infancy completed a neurodevelopmental battery evaluating age-normalized intelligence quotient, academic achievement, and visuomotor integration. Data were stratified by preoperative endocranial bifrontal angle (moderate, >124 degrees; severe, <124 degrees). Multiple variable regression was used to control measured intelligence and achievement for age at surgery, age at testing, parental education, and income. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
Twenty patients completed neurodevelopmental testing. Mean intelligence quotient was 111.7 ± 13 and academic achievement was similar to national averages (word reading, 53.4 percent; reading comprehension, 53.4 percent; reading composite, 53.5 percent; spelling, 44 percent; and math, 52.9 percent). Radiographic measurements revealed 36 percent of patients with moderate phenotype and 64 percent with severe. Patients with severe phenotypes had lower intelligence quotient measures and scored more poorly in every academic measure tested. Word reading (113 versus 95; p = 0.035) and reading composite (109 versus 98; p = 0.014) reached significance.

Conclusions:
Overall, cranial mature patients with metopic craniosynostosis had above average intelligence quotient and academic achievement near the national mean. Long-term neurocognitive function was correlated to preoperative radiographic severity in metopic craniosynostosis, with more severe cases performing worse.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Limb Salvage Rates and Functional Outcomes Using a Longitudinal Slit Arteriotomy End-to-Side Anastomosis for Limb-Threatening Defects in a High-Risk Patient Population
Authors: Black Cara , Fan Kenneth L. , Defazio Michael V. , Luvisa Kyle , Reynolds Kyle , Kotha Vikas S. , Attinger Christopher E. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Limb salvage techniques using free tissue transfer in patients with chronic wounds caused by longstanding osteomyelitis, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease are technically challenging. The longitudinal slit arteriotomy end-to-side anastomosis is the authors’ preferred technique because it is the least invasive arteriotomy and is especially important for diseased recipient arteries. The authors reviewed highly comorbid patients who underwent free tissue transfer with this technique to understand the success rates, overall outcomes, and long-term limb salvage rates.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed to analyze outcomes of free tissue transfer using longitudinal slit arteriotomy end-to-side anastomosis between 2012 and 2018 performed by the senior surgeon (K.K.E.).

Results:
One hundred fifteen free flaps were identified. Patients were, on average, 55.9 years old, with a body mass index of 29.2 kg/m2. Comorbidities included osteomyelitis (83.5 percent), hypertension (60.9 percent), tobacco use (46.1 percent), diabetes (44.3 percent), peripheral vascular disease (44.3 percent), hypercoagulability (35.7 percent), and arterial calcifications (17.4 percent). Overall flap success was 93.0 percent; 27.8 percent required reoperation perioperatively because of complications. On univariate analysis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercoagulability were significantly associated with eventual amputation (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative thrombosis and take back was independently associated with flap failure. There was an overall limb salvage rate of 83.5 percent, and of those salvaged, 92.7 percent were ambulating without a prosthesis at a mean follow-up of 1.53 years.

Conclusions:
This is the largest series of longitudinal slit arteriotomy end-to-side anastomosis for patients undergoing free tissue transfer for limb-threatening defects in the compromised host. Overall flap success, limb salvage rates, and functional outcomes are high using this technique.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The Effect of Multiple Surgeries on Psychosocial Outcomes in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hu Allison C. , Bertrand Anthony A. , Dang Brian N. , Chan Candace H. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Birth defects affect 3% of all babies born in the United States each year. Unlike reconstruction for many acquired deformities, one hallmark of reconstruction for complex congenital conditions is the requirement of multiple surgeries, procedures, and therapies from birth to maturity. These interventions often result in significant medical burden on children during development with potential long-term psychosocial consequences. The aim of this study was therefore to better define the psychosocial impact of repetitive operations on the pediatric patient.

Methods
A scoping review was performed under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases using key words “number of surgeries,” “psychosocial,” “pediatric,” and related terms. Primary articles published in English describing psychosocial outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent more than one procedure or surgery were included (n = 25). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of each study.

Results
We included 25 articles published between 1995 and 2019, which included 6520 patients. The most common diagnosis across all studies was congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 4169, 63.9%), followed by cleft lip and palate (n = 1196, 18.3%). The average number of operations and procedures was 3.4 (range = 1–18) and 32.1 (range = 6–89), respectively. The association between repetitive surgeries and poorer psychosocial outcomes was demonstrated in children with early-onset scoliosis, CHD, hydrocephalus, bladder exstrophy, posterior urethral rupture, anorectal anomalies, and conditions requiring numerous nonsurgical procedures. There were also a few CHD, cleft lip and/or palate, and hydrocephalus studies that did not find a significant correlation.

Conclusions
The studies here suggest that certain pediatric patient populations are at risk for impaired psychosocial functioning as a result of repetitive procedures. However, it is important to differentiate whether the association with poorer psychosocial outcomes is from the number of surgical procedures or whether the number if just a surrogate for increased disease complexity. Standardized psychosocial outcomes measures and future prospective, long-term, randomized clinical trials are also warranted.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in urban women
Authors: Robles-García Rebeca , Fresán Ana , Yoldi María 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
To provide an update of recent or relevant studies on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in urban women, with a special focus on biopsychosocial risk factors.

Recent findings
Urbanization itself can increase the risk for PTSD due to the concentration of poverty, substance use and crime. Women are usually at a greater social and economic disadvantage and are victims of collective and domestic violence more often than men. Accordingly, urban women are more exposed to traumatic events that increase the prevalence of PTSD than rural women and both rural and urban men, especially those with lack of social and family protection and support (including refugees) and/or with a history of interpersonal violence. This type of events has sensitizing effects on the PTSD response to other traumatic experiences even if they are of a lesser magnitude, which may reflect women's biological susceptibility to PTSD, and could explain their higher risk of developing chronic PTSD.

Summary
A complex interaction of biopsychological factors may contribute to the ultra-high-risk for PTSD among urban women. The socially modifiable factors involved highlight the importance of strategies focused on women's social development that could reduce their social suffering and its negative mental health outcomes.
Passive antiamyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Loureiro Júlia C. , Pais Marcos V. , Stella Florindo , Radanovic Marcia , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Forlenza Orestes V. , de Souza Leonardo Cruz 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
Antiamyloid therapy of Alzheimer's disease tackles the overproduction and clearance of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ). Immunotherapeutic compounds were tested in large-scale trials. We revisit the recent literature focusing on randomized-controlled trials (RCT) using monoclonal anti-Aβ antibodies.

Recent findings
Forty-three articles on anti-Aβ passive immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease were published between January 2016 and October 2019 regarding 17 RCTs: 13 phase III trials using the monoclonal antibodies bapineuzumab, solanezumab, gantenerumab, crenezumab, and aducanumab; three phase II with crenezumab and aducanumab; and one phase I trial with BAN2401. Studies resulted largely negative considering the effect of the treatment on primary and secondary outcome variables. The incidence of the most important adverse effect, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) ranged between 0.2 and 22%, in treatment groups. Primary endpoints were not met in eight trials, and five trials were discontinued prior to completion.

Summary
Passive immunotherapy RCTs failed to show clinically relevant effects in patients with clinically manifest or prodromal dementia. The high incidence of ARIAs indicates that the risk of adverse events may outweigh the benefits of these interventions. Ongoing studies must determine the benefit of such interventions in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, addressing the effect of antiamyloid immunotherapy in samples of asymptomatic carriers of autosomal-dominant mutations related to early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
A Case Report of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Related Seizure in a Young Patient With Major Depressive Disorder Receiving Accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Kallel Lassaad , Brunelin Jerome 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report here the case of a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–related seizure observed after an accelerated TMS protocol in a young patient with major depressive disorder. The protocol consisted of delivering 5 sessions per day during 4 consecutive working days over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Stimulations were delivered at 20 Hz, with 40 trains, train duration of 1.9 seconds, intertrain interval of 12 seconds, and 1560 pulses per session. The event occurred during the third session (out of 5) of the second day (out of 4) into the 26th train (out of 40). Twelve days after the event, new sessions of stimulation (30 sessions of 1 Hz, 6 trains, train duration of 60 seconds, intertrain 30 seconds, 360 stimulations per session) followed by a maintenance protocol (1 session every 2 weeks) were proposed to the patient. This strategy allows us to achieve and maintain remission.
The Habitat Amount Hypothesis implies negative effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness and occurrence
Authors: Saura Santiago 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Habitat Amount Hypothesis (HAH) predicts that species richness, abundance or occurrence in a habitat site increases with the amount of habitat in the ‘local landscape’ defined by an appropriate distance around the site, with no distinct effects of the size of the habitat patch in which the site is located. It has been stated that a consequence of the HAH, if supported, would be that it is unnecessary to consider habitat configuration to predict or manage biodiversity patterns, and that conservation strategies should focus on habitat amount regardless of fragmentation. Here, I assume that the HAH holds and apply the HAH predictions to all habitat sites over entire landscapes that have the same amount of habitat but differ in habitat configuration. By doing so, I show that the HAH actually implies clearly negative effects of habitat fragmentation, and of other spatial configuration changes, on species richness, abundance or occurrence in all or many of the habitat sites in the landscape, and that these habitat configuration effects are distinct from those of habitat amount in the landscape. I further show that, contrary to current interpretations, the HAH is compatible with a steeper slope of the species-area relationship for fragmented than for continuous habitat, and with higher species richness or abundance for a single large patch than for several small patches with the same total area (SLOSS). This suggests the need to revise the ways in which the HAH has been interpreted and can be actually tested. The misinterpretation of the HAH has arisen from confounding and overlooking the differences in the spatial scales involved: the individual habitat site at which the HAH gives predictions, the local landscape around an individual site, and the landscapes or regions (with multiple habitat sites and different local landscapes) that need to be analysed and managed. The HAH has been erroneously viewed as negating or diminishing the relevance of fragmentation effects, while it actually supports the importance of habitat configuration for biodiversity. I conclude that, even in the cases where the HAH holds, habitat fragmentation and configuration are important for understanding and managing species distributions in the landscape.