bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Heating Above 900 K in the Field Emission of ZnO Nanowires: Mechanism for Achieving High Current in Large Scale Field Emitter Arrays
Authors: Chen Yicong , Luo Shisong , Cao Xiuqing , Li Yufeng , She Juncong , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermal runaway of a quasi‐1D (Q1D) field emitter is an important cause of vacuum breakdown, which limits the field emission current density in field emitter arrays (FEAs). Comprehensive knowledge on the self‐heating process of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires is important for obtaining a high breakdown field for activating more emitters. This work investigates the self‐heating model of individual ZnO nanowire by considering the thermal field emission current distribution along the nanowire. Theoretical calculations suggest that the thermal field emission distribution along the nanowire can be reflected on the profile of the field emission pattern, which offers a method for determining its temperature. The field emission ring pattern is experimentally observed in the ZnO nanowire, whose intensity profile indicates that the nanowire can be steadily heated above 900 K. Considering the high breakdown field of high‐thermal stability ZnO nanowires, the field emission current density of ≈1.4 mA cm−2 can be achieved using these nanowires in a 3.5‐inch FEA. These findings provide an alternative method for measuring the Q1D field emitter temperature and a guideline for improving the field emission current from large‐scale Q1D FEAs.
Labor Issues in the Food Supply Chain Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Snell Heather A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe impacts of COVID‐19 on labor in the food supply chain and on workers’ decisions to accept essential jobs are discussed. We then analyze surveys administered to low‐skilled domestic workers before and during the pandemic to assess respondents' attitudes toward food production, guest workers, immigration policy, and the government's response to COVID‐19. Results suggest the outbreak resulted in respondents, on average, shifting their view toward food being a national security issue and a higher degree of empathy for H‐2A workers. Regression analysis shows that gender, current agricultural workers, and information on COVID‐19 and agricultural field workers influenced respondents' answers.
Allelic distribution of ABO gene in Chinese centenarians
Authors: Zhu Ying , Liang Yu , Khan Abdul Haseeb , Dong Minghua , Wan Yiqi , Sun Zhichao , Zeng Yi , Nie Chao , Tian Xiao‐Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveHuman ABO blood groups are determined by the alleles A, B, and O (O01 and O02) of the ABO gene and have been linked to the risks for cardiovascular diseases and cancers that affect lifespan.We examined the genetic associations of the ABO gene and blood groups with longevity.MethodsWe inspected the frequencies of the A, B, O, and O02 alleles in a large Chinese centenarian population (n = 2201) and in middle‐aged controls (n = 2330). The single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as allele A (rs507666), B (rs8176743, rs8176746, and rs8176749), O (rs687289), and O02 (rs688976, rs549446, and rs512770).ResultsSupported by allelic and genotypic association studies, the frequencies of blood types A, B, O, and AB in centenarian versus control participants were not statistically different: 0.2821 versus 0.2781 (χ2 = 0.09, P = 0.76), 0.2867 versus 0.3060 (χ2 = 2.03, P = 0.15), 0.3380 versus 0.3159 (χ2 = 2.52, P = 0.11), and 0.0859 versus 0.0910 (χ2 = 0.37, P = 0.54), respectively. Sex had little effect on these distributions.ConclusionIntegrated with other previous reports, we conclude from this large Chinese cohort that genetic variants of the ABO gene and blood groups are not associated with longevity.
Molecular thermodynamic understanding of transport behavior of CO2 at the ionic liquids‐electrode interface
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Qian Cheng , Huo Feng , Xu Baohua , He Hongyan , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe transport behavior of CO2 at the ionic liquids (ILs)‐electrode interface was revealed from the thermodynamic view via molecular dynamics simulations. The hopping and self‐diffusive mechanisms were identified in the interfacial and bulk region, and thereafter a hopping‐diffusion model was developed to evaluate the transport resistance of CO2 from bulk to the interface. Meanwhile, the vibrational spectrum and entropy change of CO2 at the interface were calculated using the thermodynamic analysis method. For ILs with the same cation ([Emim]+), both transport resistance and entropy decrease follow the order: [BF4]− < [AC]− < [NO3]−, indicating [BF4]− possesses the faster CO2 transport efficiency across the electrical double layer. Furthermore, the methyl substitution effect on transport and thermodynamic properties was clarified, indicating the coupling relation between the transport process and thermodynamic advantage. These findings can lay the ground for the molecule design of ILs‐electrode interface in the applications in the chemical engineering field.
Genetic analysis of the diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu
Authors: Donahue Sarah E. , Adams Josh , Renshaw Mark A. , Hyrenbach K. David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks was quantified using 106 regurgitations collected from 81 adults over two study years with contrasting oceanographic conditions: 2014 and 2015.
A total of 1,049 prey items were sorted into three broad categories (fish, squid, and other, consisting of highly‐digested ‘mush’ and parasitic isopods) and assigned a categorical freshness value of 1 (perfect condition), 2 (superficial digestion), or 3 (highly digested and incomplete).
A total of 492 undigested prey items (freshness 1 and 2) were measured and sampled for genetic identification with 401 (82%) successfully identified. Rarefaction analyses suggested robust diet sampling, with 32 documented species: 29 fishes and three squids.
While the prey‐specific index of relative importance highlighted that fish dominated the diet in 2014 (32.3% fish, 15.1% squid) and in 2015 (29.9% fish, 22.3% squid), diet composition varied significantly between the two study years.
The purpleback flying squid (Stenoteuthis oulaniensis) accounted for 98.7% (232 of 236) of the identified squid specimens. Mantle lengths were significantly longer in 2015 (7.2 ± 1.1 SD cm) than in 2014 (6.3 ± 1.7 SD cm).
These results indicate a higher relative abundance and size of the epipelagic squids available to foraging red‐footed boobies in 2015, during warm‐water conditions associated with the positive phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
Due to their diverse diet, red‐footed boobies are useful bioindicators of epipelagic nekton assemblages during changing oceanographic conditions. Moreover, their reliance on the purpleback flying squid makes these seabirds ideal samplers of the juveniles of this poorly studied species.
Understanding how interannual and longer‐term oceanographic variability affects central‐place foraging seabirds and the recruitment and abundance of their squid prey is critical for precautionary ecosystem‐based fisheries management of oceanic islands and the surrounding marine environment.
Ion‐exchange Properties of γ‐Zirconium Phosphate
Authors: Cheng Yu , bin Samsudin Ismail , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstractγ‐Zirconium phosphate (γ‐ZrP) has potential as a very useful inorganic ion‐exchanger due to its stability under thermal and acidic conditions. We recently reported its facile synthesis using a modified solventless method, which could make the exploitation of its ion‐exchange properties for cleanup of radioactive materials and extraction of valuable ions feasible. The adsorption isotherms of Rb+ and Sr2+ over γ‐ZrP are described well with the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 1.52 and 1.31 mmol/g, respectively. Both ions adsorb on γ‐ZrP following pseudo‐second order kinetics with a much faster uptake of Rb+ than of Sr2+. γ‐Zirconium phosphate shows very high affinity for Rb+, allowing its enrichment from low‐concentration solutions. Notably, Rb+ is selectively removed from complex solutions containing large amounts of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, or transition metals such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Zn2+. The used sorbent can be fully regenerated by nitric acid, enabling the recovery of Rb+.
Highly Exposed Active Sites of Fe/N Co‐doped Defect‐rich Graphene as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Tingwei , Li Zhongfang , Wang Likai , Zhang Shenzhi , Liu Yuepeng , Niu Xueliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA defect‐rich interconnected hierarchical three‐dimensional Fe and N co‐doped graphene has been prepared by a facile synthesis with poly (2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) as nitrogen and carbon sources and CaCO3 as the template. ABPBI possesses abundant nitrogen, and pyrolysis of ABPBI is helpful to form graphene structure. CaCO3 and its decomposition products CO2 can promote the formation of interconnected hierarchical porous three‐dimensional graphene, which possesses more defects and exposed active sites. Benefiting from the defective catalysis mechanism, rich defect catalysts are applied as electrode materials to enhance the catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electrochemically, the half‐wave potential (E1/2) of Fe‐3D‐NG#800 is 0.84 V (vs. RHE), and the accelerated durability tests shows the E1/2 of Fe‐3D‐NG#800 shifted by a 21 mV drop after cyclic voltammetry scanning for 5000 cycles. Therefore, Fe‐3D‐NG#800 has excellent activity and durability than 20 wt % Pt/C.
An Activatable and Switchable Nanoaggregate Probe for Detecting H2S and Its Application in Mice Brains
Authors: Qi Ya‐Lin , Chen Li‐Li , Guo Long , Shao Chen‐Wen , Liu Ya‐Ni , Yang Yu‐Shun , He Zhen‐Xiang , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmploying a sequentially activated probe design method, an activatable, switchable and dual‐mode probe was designed. This nanoprobe, HSDPP, could be effectively activated by H2S to form H‐type aggregates with green emission; subsequently, the aggregates could bind to mtDNA to form monomers and the emIssion color switched from green to deep‐red. We exploited HSDPP to image exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells. Of note, for the first time, this novel nanoprobe with an optimal partition coefficient value (LogP=1.269) was successfully applied for tracking the endogenous H2S upregulation stimulated by cystathionase activator S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) in mice brains. Finally, our work provides an invaluable chemical tool for probing endogenous H2S upregulation in vitro/vivo and, importantly, affords a prospective design strategy for developing switchable chemosensors to unveil the relationship between biomolecules and DNA in mitochondria in many promising areas.
Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Li Tianbi , Li Yewei , Hu Yixiao , Wang Yuyin , Lam Cheuk Man , Ni Wei , Wang Xueqin , Yi Li 
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have repeatedly reported atypical visual preferences to repetitive movements and deficient perception of biological movements in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research has investigated the heterogeneity of the visual preferences in individuals with ASD. In the current study, we explored the visual preferences to different movement types (repetitive, biological, and random) in children with ASD using a paired preferential looking paradigm. Thirty‐nine children with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children participated in our study, with their eye movements recorded as the index of visual preferences. We examined the differences of visual preferences between the ASD and TD group, and the heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group. We found group differences between children with ASD and TD children: Overall, the ASD group preferred repetitive movements while the TD group preferred biological movements. We also detected heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group: Although the majority of children with ASD preferred repetitive movements as previous studies reported, 9 out of 39 children with ASD preferred biological movements similarly as their TD peers. Moreover, the visual preference patterns were correlated with autistic symptoms, especially the socio‐communicative impairments. Our study provided evidence of heterogeneity of visual attention and main visual preference to repetitive movements in children with ASD. The findings add to the body of literature of the heterogeneous behavioral symptoms and the atypical visual preferences in individuals with ASD.Lay SummaryThe current study examined visual preferences to biological, repetitive, and random movements in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We showed a pair of two videos representing two types of movements (random, repetitive, or biological movements) to children with ASD and typically developing children. We found the main visual preferences for repetitive movements and heterogeneity of visual attention within the ASD group. Our findings provide theoretical and methodological implications for future study of the heterogeneity in the ASD population.
The roasting process does not influence the extent of conjugation of coffee chlorogenic and phenolic acids
Authors: Sanchez‐Bridge Belén , Renouf Mathieu , Sauser Julien , Beaumont Maurice , Actis‐Goretta Lucas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the bioavailability and metabolism of coffee compounds will contribute to identify the unknown biological mechanism(s) linked to their beneficial effects. The influence of the roasting process on the metabolism of coffee chlorogenic acids in humans was evaluated. In a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers consumed four instant coffees namely, high roasted coffee (HRC), low roasted coffee (LRC), unroasted coffee (URC), and in vitro hydrolyzed unroasted coffee (HURC). The sum of areas under the curve (AUC) ranged from 8.65–17.6 to 30.9–126 µM/h (P < 0.05) for HRC, LRC, URC, and HURC, respectively. The AUC of HRC, LRC, and URC was correlated with the initial level of phenolic acids in the coffee drinks. Despite different absorption rates, the extent of conjugation was comparable between HRC, LRC, and URC coffees but different for HURC. The most abundant circulating metabolites during the first 5 H were dihydroferulic acid (DHFA), caffeic acid‐3′‐O‐sulfate (CA3S) and isoferulic‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (iFA3G). DHFA and 5‐4‐dihydro‐m‐coumaric acid (mDHCoA) were the main metabolites in the period of 5–24 H. The phenolic compounds after consumption of HURC were most rapidly absorbed (Tmax 1 H) compared with the other coffees (Tmax between 9 and 11 H). Using coffees with different degrees of roasting we highlighted that in spite of different absorption rates the extent of conjugation of phenolic acids was comparable. In addition, by using a hydrolyzed unroasted coffee we demonstrated an increased absorption of phenolic acids in the small intestine. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(3):259–267, 2016
Sulfiredoxin‐1 is a promising novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rao Qian‐Wen , Zhang Shi‐Long , Guo Meng‐Zhou , Yuan Fei‐Fei , Sun Jia‐Lei , Qi Feng , Wang Li‐Shun , Yang Bi‐Wei , Xia Jing‐Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdentifying novel prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and then, develop an effective individualized treatment strategy remain extremely warranted. The prognostic role of sulfiredoxin‐1(SRXN1), an antioxidant enzyme, remains unknown in HCC. This study aimed to explore the prognostic implications of SRXN1 in HCC patients after partial hepatectomy. The expression of SRXN1 in HCC and normal tissue were analyzed using the patients from the public databases and Zhongshan Hospital. The Cox regression, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to identify the predictive role of SRXN1 expression on HCC patients. A prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was constructed and validated to further confirm the predictive power of SRXN1 as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, functional enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction network analysis of SRXN1 and its associated genes were conducted. The results showed that SRXN1 was upregulated in HCC samples compared with the normal liver tissues. Patients with SRXN1 upregulation had shorter survival time. SRXN1 overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was proved to be more accurate than routine staging systems for the prediction of overall survival. Protein‐protein interaction network analysis demonstrated the first neighbor genes of SRXN1 mainly participated in response to oxidative stress. In brief, SRXN1 could be a prognostic biomarker for the management of HCC.
Child Maltreatment and Psychiatric Outcomes in Early Adulthood
Authors: Murphy Siobhan , McElroy Eoin , Elklit Ask , Shevlin Mark , Christoffersen Mogens 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to examine the effects of different types of maltreatment on psychiatric outcomes. The second aim was to examine patterns of comorbidity among different types of child maltreatment. Participants were randomly selected from the total birth cohort of all children born in Denmark in 1984. Data were then linked to information drawn from the Danish health and social registries. Four distinct subgroups of child maltreatment were used: no abuse; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; and co‐occurring abuse. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that all types of maltreatment were associated with psychiatric outcomes independent of other forms of adversity and parental history of psychiatric conditions. The strength of these associations was consistent for some, but not all conditions. Findings are consistent with emerging transdiagnostic models of psychopathology, which demonstrate that the risk for psychopathology appears to operate at the broad dimension level, rather than the level of specific diagnoses.Key Practitioner Messages

This study found that maltreatment in childhood was associated with a number of psychiatric conditions and high levels of comorbidity independent of other forms of adversity and parental history of psychiatric conditions.
Findings point to the importance of early intervention for maltreated children using an individual and developmentally appropriate approach that may offset the risk trajectory for co‐occurring psychiatric conditions.
Interventions targeting difficulties in attachment, emotional regulation and promoting adaptive coping strategies have been useful in treating a range of conditions.
Effect of different cooking methods and heating solutions on nutritionally‐important starch fractions and flatus oligosaccharides in selected pulses
Authors: Liu Yihan , Ragaee Sanaa , Marcone Massimo F. , Abdel‐Aal El‐Sayed M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesConsumption of pulses is recommended by health organizations. Pulses are usually soaked and cooked in water before consumption which alters their nutrient composition and ultimately health benefits. This study investigated the effect of four cooking methods (boiling, pressure, microwave, and slow) and four heating solutions (water, salt, sugar, and citric acid) on composition of nutritionally‐important starch fractions and flatus oligosaccharides in faba bean, lentil, and pea.FindingsThe three pulses had slowly digestible starch (SDS) as the highest fraction with faba bean and lentil exhibited higher SDS than pea, but pea contained the highest level of resistant starch (RS). Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was comparable among the three pulses. Stachyose and verbascose were the dominant oligosaccharides in faba bean, lentil, and pea. Regardless of the heating solution, slow cooking was more effective in improving starch nutritional fractions, i.e., producing lowest RDS and highest SDS in the three pulses with some exceptions. The RS fraction increased in the three pulses subject to cooking method and pulse type. Pressure and slow cooking methods were effective in reducing oligosaccharides in the three pulses.ConclusionsThe results suggest that slow cooking in water or salt solution has great potential to improve starch nutritional fractions and diminish flatus oligo‐sugars.Significance and noveltyThis is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of slow cooking in enhancing starch nutritional fractions and reducing flatus oligo‐sugars in pulses. The method could hold a promise for implementation especially small‐ and large‐volume slow cookers are commercially available.
Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease in a patient with Bardet‐Biedl syndrome: A case report of a novel MKKS/BBS6 mutation
Authors: Mishima Kenichi , Fujita Atsushi , Mizuno Seiji , Matsushita Masaki , Nagata Tadashi , Kamiya Yasunari , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Imagama Shiro , Kitoh Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article reports a girl with Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) having a novel causative mutation who developed Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease (LCPD). There exists a possibility that the prognosis of LCPD had been adversely affected by the concomitant BBS.
Linker Hydrophilicity Modulates the Anticancer Activity of RGD–Cryptophycin Conjugates
Authors: Anselmi Michele , Borbély Adina , Figueras Eduard , Michalek Carmela , Kemker Isabell , Gentilucci Luca , Sewald Norbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost anticancer agents are hydrophobic and can easily penetrate the tumor cell membrane by passive diffusion. This may impede the development of highly effective and tumor‐selective treatment options. A hydrophilic β‐glucuronidase‐cleavable linker was used to connect the highly potent antimitotic agent cryptophycin‐55 glycinate with the αvβ3 integrin ligand c(RGDfK). Incorporation of the self‐immolative linker containing glucuronic acid results in lower cytotoxicity than that of the free payload, suggesting that hydrophilic sugar linkers can preclude passive cellular uptake. In vitro drug‐release studies and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the potential of this small molecule–drug conjugate, providing guidance for the development of therapeutics containing hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
Photocatalyzed Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of N‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐(1‐arylvinyl)aryl)cinnamamides
Authors: de Souza Wanderson C. , Matsuo Bianca T. , Matos Priscilla M. , Correia José Tiago M. , Santos Marilia S. , König Burkhard , Paixão Marcio W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractN‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐(1‐arylvinyl)aryl)cinnamamides are converted into natural product inspired scaffolds via iridium photocatalyzed intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition. The protocol has a broad substrate scope, whilst operating under mild reaction conditions. Tethering four components forming a trisubstituted cyclobutane core builds rapidly high molecular complexity. Our approach allows the design and synthesis of a variety of tetrahydrocyclobuta[c]quinolin‐3(1H)‐ones, in yields ranging between 20–99 %, and with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the intramolecular [2+2]‐cycloaddition of 1,7‐enynes—after fragmentation of the cyclobutane ring—leads to enyne‐metathesis‐like products.