bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin in predicting invasive bacterial infection in children
Authors: Corr Michael , Waterfield Thomas , Fairley Derek , McKenna James , Shields Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The early recognition of invasive bacterial infections (IBI) in children can be difficult. Clinically it is often challenging to differentiate between the early stages of an IBI and a benign self-limiting viral infection. These challenges mandate a cautious approach resulting in the overuse of antimicrobial drugs with resultant antimicrobial resistance. Due to these challenges, there is growing research into the role of biomarkers for the early identification of children with IBI. Earlier and more accurate diagnoses may lead to improved clinical outcomes for children and reduced antimicrobial resistance. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is a biomarker that has been shown to be elevated in patients with IBI. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR-proADM at identifying children with IBI.

Methods
To identify relevant studies we will search MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus from 1980 to the present day for all human clinical trials involving children that report the test accuracy of MR-proADM. We will include case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised control trials reported in any language. In addition, we will hand-search reference lists and grey literature including conference abstracts and web searches. Two reviewers will independently screen study titles and abstracts for eligibility followed by full-text assessment and data extraction including population, setting, timing and use of index test and reference standard used. Methodological quality will be assessed, by two authors, according to the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2), any discrepancies will be resolved by a third author. The following test characteristics will be extracted into 2 × 2 tables for all included studies: true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives. Study-specific estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals will be displayed in forest plots.

Discussion
This review will report the normal ranges for MR-proADM in health and the diagnostic accuracy of MR-proADM at identifying children with IBI. The review will help to define where in the diagnostic pathway MR-proADM could be useful including potential as a point-of-care test for children at first presentation with IBI.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018096295
Linking individuals on probation to health care: a pilot randomized trial
Authors: O’Connell Daniel J. , Visher Christy A. , Becker Patricia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundProbation offices represent a location where at-risk individuals in need of health care appear on a known and regular basis. We sought to study how providing linkages to health care could improve the proportion of underserved, justice-involved individuals accessing the health care system. This study tested a linkage and referral to health care intervention for individuals on probation designed by a local change team that brought together actors from multiple agencies and tasked them with increasing general practitioner physician access for probationers. The pilot trial randomized 400 individuals on probation in Delaware during 2016–2018 to determine the effectiveness of placing a health navigator in an urban probation office to refer people to an appointment with a primary care physician. The project also tested the impact of offering an incentive to probationers for attending a doctor’s appointment.ResultsReferral by a health navigator to a primary care physician was associated with a modest but significant increase in the proportion of individuals accessing care through a general practitioner physician. Offering an incentive had no significant impact on keeping the medical appointment above the effect of referral by the health navigator.ConclusionsProbation offices represent a location where at-risk individuals in need of health care appear on a known and regular basis. This study highlights how providing linkages to health care can improve the proportion of underserved individuals accessing the health care system.
Price variation among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Poudel Ramesh Sharma , KC Bhuvan , Poudel Bhupendra Kumar , Sapkota Binaya , Sharma Sabina , Khadka Anil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the variation in price among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies at Nepalese cancer hospitals.MethodsThe price of different brands of the same anticancer medicines available in the hospital pharmacies of two cancer hospitals was assessed. Prices of different dosage forms such as a single tablet, capsule and vial were calculated. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical industries was determined, and the percentage variation in price was calculated. The prices of medicines (brands) were also compared with the price determined by the government where available.ResultsPrice variation was assessed for 31 anticancer medicines belonging to six broad categories. Prices were found to vary maximally among the following medicines, each belonging to separate categories: among alkylating agents, the price of temozolomide 100 mg capsule varied 308%; among antimetabolite agents, the price of pemetrexed 500 mg injection varied 134%; among hormonal drugs, the price of letrozole 2.5 mg tablet varied 200%; among antibody class, the price of trastuzumab 440 mg injection varied 73%; among natural products, the price of irinotecan 100 mg injection varied 590%; and among miscellaneous agents, the price of bortezomib 2 mg injection varied 241%. There was a significant difference in the mean MRP of the alkylating agents with the antimetabolites (p-value 0.006) and the monoclonal antibody (p-value <.001). Antimetabolites, natural products, hormonal therapy all had significant mean differences in their MRPs with the monoclonal antibodies. (p-value <.001) and the monoclonal antibodies had a significant mean difference in the MRP with the miscellaneous agents. (p-value <.001).ConclusionsThere was a considerable variation in the price of different brands of anticancer medicines available in the Nepalese market. The Government of Nepal has regulated the prices of some medicines, including anticancer medicine. However, it is not enough as prices of the majority of anticancer medicines are still not regulated. Therefore, further strategies are needed to address the variation in the prices of anticancer medicines available in the Nepalese market.
Burden and risk factors for snakebite in India: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Norton Robyn , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease with a high burden in South and South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a roadmap which aims for a 50% reduction in death and disability due to snakebite globally by 2030. It is estimated that India has the highest number of snakebite deaths in the world. Objective: To synthesize evidence on the burden (incidence/ prevalence, mortality, morbidity, health facility and economic), and risk factors for snakebite in India. Methods: We will search for peer-reviewed literature and grey literature in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, PsychInfo, CENTRAL, SafetyLit) and hand-search IndMed, conference abstracts, relevant websites and citation tracking. Two reviewers will screen and extract data independently with a third reviewer acting as an arbiter for any inconsistencies. Quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. For burden, data from facility based and community-based studies will be synthesised and reported separately, except for studies conducted concurrently. We will conduct meta-analysis for community-based studies at state-level for incidence/prevalence, mortality and morbidity , if appropriate. The PROGRESS Plus lens will be used to explore equity . Analyses for each individual risk factor-outcome pair will be conducted and reported separately. If appropriate, meta-analyses will be conducted as per JBI guidelines, assessing heterogeneity using Tau-squared, Cochran’s Q test and Chi-squared (p > 0.05) tests. We plan to conduct sub-group analyses based on pre-specific parameters. A funnel plot will be generated if there are more than nine studies included in a specific meta-analysis, to assess publication bias When meta-analysis is not appropriate, structured tabulation of results across studies and/or by vote counting based on the direction of effect as per guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook.
First derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method as a green tool for the quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablets
Authors: Fahelelbom Khairi M. S. , Saleh Abdullah , Mansour Ramez , Sayed Sadik 
Published: April 2020

Background: Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid quantitative method which has been applied for pharmaceutical analysis. This work describes the utility of first derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablets. Methods: This analytical quantitative technique depends on a first derivative measurement of the area of infrared bands corresponding to the CO stretching range of 1550-1605 cm-1. The specificity, linearity, detection limits, precision and accuracy of the calibration curve, the infrared analysis and data manipulation were determined in order to validate the method. The statistical results were compared with other methods for the quantification of diclofenac sodium. Results: The excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay. Excellent linearity was found for the drug concentrations in the range 0.2 – 1.5 w/w %. (r2= 0.9994). Precision of the method was assessed by the repeated analysis of diclofenac sodium tablets; the results obtained showed small standard deviation and relative standard deviation values, which indicates that the method is quite precise. The high percentage of recovery of diclofenac sodium tablets (99.81, 101.54 and 99.41%) demonstrate the compliance of the obtained recoveries with the pharmacopeial percent recovery. The small limit of detection and limit of quantification values (0.0528 and 0.1599 w/w %, respectively) obtained by this method indicate the high sensitivity of the method. Conclusions: First derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed high accuracy and precision, is considered as nondestructive, green, low cost and rapid, and can be applied easily for the pharmaceutical quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablet formulations.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis
Authors: Bugshan Amr , Farooq Imran 
Published: April 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence in certain parts of the world, and is associated with a high mortality rate. In this review, we describe metastasis related to OSCC, and disorders that could lead to OSCC with common etiological factors. In addition, a brief account of the diagnosis of OSCC and role of salivary biomarkers in its early detection has also been highlighted. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were searched with keywords including “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, “OSCC”, “oral cancer”, “potentially malignant disorders in oral cavity”, “etiological factors of OSCC”, “diagnosis of OSCC”, and “salivary biomarkers and OSCC” to gather the literature for this review. The review concludes that OSCC has the potential for regional as well as distant metastasis, and many potentially malignant diseases can transform into OSCC with the help of various etiological factors. Diagnosis of OSCC involves traditional biopsy, but salivary biomarkers could also be utilized for early recognition.
A living systematic review protocol for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , Guérin Philippe J. 
Published: April 2020

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, a strong response from the research community has been observed with the proliferation of independent clinical trials assessing diagnostic methods, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. While there is no intervention for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 with proven clinical efficacy to date, tools to distil the current research landscape by intervention, level of evidence and those studies likely powered to address future research questions is essential. This living systematic review aims to provide an open, accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations. Weekly search updates of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and source registries will be conducted. Data extraction by two independent reviewers of trial characteristic variables including categorisation of trial design, geographic location, intervention type and targets, level of evidence and intervention adaptability to low resource settings will be completed. Descriptive and thematic synthesis will be conducted. A searchable and interactive visualisation of the results database will be created, and made openly available online. Weekly results from the continued search updates will be published and made available on the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) website (COVID-19 website). This living systematic review will provide a useful resource of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations for researchers in a rapidly evolving context. In the future, this sustained review will allow prioritisation of research targets for individual patient data meta-analysis.
Continuity of Preschool and Primary School Education (to the Problem Statement)
Authors: Kartvelishvili N. 
Published: April 2020

The article explores the problem of ensuring continuity between preschool education and primary school education. The approaches to the
interpretation of the concept of “continuity” are considered. The main directions for the implementation of continuity are identified, which relate
to the content, forms and methods of organizing the educational activities of preschoolers and elementary school students. The continuity of
preschool and primary school education is presented as a unity of its components such as target, substantive and organizational-activity
The Use of the Project Method in the Development of Students of the Second – Fourth Grades of the Russian Language Program
Authors: Oleynik O. 
Published: April 2020

The article reveals the experience of using the project activities of younger schoolchildren in the process of forming their informed literacy when
learning the Russian language. Examples of projects are described in which various language problems are solved. A course “Extracurricular
activities”, created by the author taking into account the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education
and the Russian language program for extracurricular activities, is offered. The course content includes a variety of didactic word games, game
exercises that stimulate students’ interest in the Russian language, develop their imagination and creative abilities.
Expectations-Based Loss Aversion in Auctions with Interdependent Values: Extensive vs. Intensive Risk
Authors: Balzer Benjamin , Rosato Antonio 
Published: April 2020

We analyze the bidding behavior of expectations-based loss-averse bidders in auctions with interdependent values. We emphasize the difference between the risk bidders face over whether they win the auction (extensive risk) and the risk they face over the value of the prize conditional on winning (intensive risk). The extensive risk creates an “attachment” effect, whereas the intensive risk operates via a “comparison” effect. How loss-averse bidders react to these different risks depends on whether they incorporate their bid into their reference point. Under “unacclimating personal equilibrium” (UPE), where bidders keep their expectations fixed when choosing their bids, both the extensive and intensive risks induce them to bid more aggressively. Moreover, bidders are exposed to the “winner’s curse” and a seller can attain higher revenue by hiding information in order to leverage the intensive risk. By contrast, under “choice-acclimating personal equilibrium” (CPE), where a bid determines both the reference lottery and the outcome lottery, the intensive risk creates a “precautionary bidding” effect that pushes bidders to behave less aggressively; whether this effect is reinforced or undermined by the extensive risk depends on a bidder’s likelihood of winning the auction. Furthermore, bidders are less aggressive than under UPE and can be subject to a “loser’s curse.” Yet, by committing to bidding less aggressively, such as by engaging in proxy bidding, loss-averse bidders are better off under CPE than UPE. This paper was accepted by Ilia Tsetlin, decision analysis.
Gingival Veneers
Authors: Venugopal Sumalatha , Garnett Matthew , Lim Ghee Seong 
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to present information about the provision of gingival prostheses or gingival veneers. These appliances are most commonly provided for patients with gingival recession and attachment loss. The paper will highlight the indications and advantages for providing prostheses, and inform the reader of the risks or complications that may arise. The clinical and laboratory stages will be explained and advice provided on maintenance. A case series will demonstrate some of the patient-related benefits and difficulties that can be encountered. A final aspect to the paper will present the results of a survey undertaken in the north-east of England, exploring the provision of these appliances in primary care. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Good aesthetics relating to the gingival margin can be difficult to achieve and the use of gingival veneers may provide a solution.
Horizontal GeSn/Ge multi-quantum-well ridge waveguide LEDs on silicon substrates
Authors: Peng Linzhi , Li Xiuli , Liu Zhi , Liu Xiangquan , Zheng Jun , Xue Chunlai , Zuo Yuhua , Cheng Buwen 
Published: April 2020

A horizontal

p
−
i
−
n

ridge waveguide emitter on a silicon (100) substrate with a

Ge

0.91

Sn

0.09

/
Ge

multi-quantum-well (MQW) active layer was fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The device structure was designed to reduce light absorption of metal electrodes and improve injection efficiency. Electroluminescence (EL) at a wavelength of 2160 nm was observed at room temperature. Theoretical calculations indicate that the emission peak corresponds well to the direct bandgap transition (

n

1
Γ

−

n

1
H
H

). The light output power was about 2.0 μW with an injection current density of

200

kA
/

cm

2

. These results show that the horizontal GeSn/Ge MQW ridge waveguide emitters have great prospects for group-IV light sources.
Biblioteca comunitária Bruno Fenzl: um estudo de caso de seu papel educativo no contexto da comunidade de Caruará, Marahú e Paraiso na Ilha de Mosqueiro
Authors: Silva Sobrinho Telma Socorro , Coimbra Claudia Saldanha 
Published: April 2020

Apresenta estudo de caso realizado na Biblioteca Bruno Fenzl, uma das unidades do Instituto Ampliar – Organização não Governamental (ONG) – que visa desenvolver trabalhos de sensibilização ambiental nas praias de Caruará, Marahú e Paraiso na Ilha de Mosqueiro Belém-PA. Tem como objetivo analisar a forma como a Biblioteca Comunitária Bruno Fenzl contribui, dando apoio educacional e promovendo incentivo à leitura a estudantes pertencentes a comunidade onde está inserida. Adota uma abordagem qualitativa onde a coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas individuais, seguindo um roteiro estruturado, utilizando-se da técnica metodológica de análise do desenho. Os resultados revelam que apesar de estarmos na era da internet, ainda assim, o livro impresso é um suporte bastante atrativo quando se trata de práticas de leitura. Palavras-chave: Biblioteca comunitária. Função pedagógica da biblioteca comunitária. Leitura. Desenho infantil.
OCENA TELEKOLABORACYJNYCH PROJEKTÓW PISARSKICH REALIZOWANYCH NA PLATFORMACH SYNCHRONICZNYCH
Authors: Kotuła Krzysztof 
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the issue of assessment in the context of telecollaborative writing activities conducted on synchronous platforms such as Google Docs. Based on the research conducted by the author among secondary school students learning French, the attempt is made to discuss various areas of participants’ activity which can be subjected to assessment: text planning, text composition, project management through comments, linguistic corrections, etc. A conclusion is reached that the outcome of collaborative writing projects is greatly determined by how L2 students engage in the process of writing using Web-based word processing tools. In our opinion, it is impossible to consider the creation of a universal assessment grid suitable for all teaching contexts. Instead, a teacher willing to integrate such activities in his curriculum has to show a great deal of flexibility and adaptability.
APPLICATION OF INCLUSIVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO TESTING EFL DYSLEXIC STUDENTS
Authors: Łodej Monika 
Published: April 2020

There are two main challenges with inclusive testing of EFL students with dyslexia. First, application of inclusion may, paradoxically, involve exclusion of SEN students. Second, there is evidence for inconsistent policies relating to internal and external testing practices. The present paper reports on the application of inclusive design principles to the language testing of EFL students with dyslexia. Specific cognitive demands characteristic of dyslexia are mapped against both the types of accommodations made for SEN students and the principles of inclusive design. The results show a high degree of applicability of inclusive design principles in testing EFL students with dyslexia. Specifically, the data point to a strong alignment between presentation and response accommodations and five areas of weaknesses in dyslexia. The review concludes with a discussion on the benefits and limitations of inclusive testing in dyslexia. It is hoped that this study will advise testing boards, EFL teachers, as well as education and assessment services on the application of inclusive practices to testing EFL dyslexic learners.
LANGUAGE TEACHER POSITIONING IN A TEACHER PROMOTION EXAMINATION: A SMALL STORY APPROACH
Authors: Werbińska Dorota 
Published: April 2020

Although there is an increasing body of research on diverse aspects of language teachers’ professional practice there are still contexts that remain hardly explored. One such context is the oral examination situation encountered by experienced language teachers in Poland who aspire to be promoted in the ranks of the teaching profession. Drawing on positioning theory as a methodological tool to analyse the experience of one English teacher’s promotion examination situation, I will attempt to find out what aspects of teacher identity emerge from the small stories employed in the examination situation, as well as what lessons can be learnt from a study about teacher positioning (both self-positioning and being positioned) in the professional assessment context. Although the study is set in the Polish context, it may contribute to the knowledge on language teacher identity (re)construction in general through its focus on one area of language teacher professional practice – taking a teacher promotion examination.