bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients and unexposed donors from India reveals persistent T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ansari Asgar , Arya Rakesh , Sachan Shilpa , Jha Someshwar Nath , Kalia Anurag , Lall Anupam , Sette Alessandro , Grifoni Alba , Weiskopf Daniela , Coshic Poonam , Sharma Ashok , Gupta Nimesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of the diverse outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in different geographical locations is important for the worldwide vaccine implementation and pandemic control responses. We analyzed 42 unexposed healthy donors and 28 mild COVID-19 subjects up to 5 months from the recovery for SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory. Using HLA class II predicted peptide megapools, we identified SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells in around 66% of the unexposed individuals. Moreover, we found detectable immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients several months after recovery in the crucial arms of protective adaptive immunity; CD4+ T cells and B cells, with a minimal contribution from CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the persistent immune memory in COVID-19 patients is predominantly targeted towards the Spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. This study provides the evidence of both high magnitude pre-existing and persistent immune memory in Indian population. By providing the knowledge on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, our work has implication for the development and implementation of vaccines against COVID-19.
Perphenazine-macrocycle conjugates rapidly sequester the Aβ42 monomer and inhibit amyloid formation
Authors: Ball Sarah R. , Adamson Julius S. P , Sullivan Michael A. , Zimmermann Manuela R. , Lo Victor , Sanz-Hernandez Maximo , Jiang Frank , Kwan Ann H. , Werry Eryn L. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Kassiou Michael , Meisl Georg , Todd Matthew H. , Rutledge Peter J. , Sunde Margaret 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is imposing a growing social and economic burden worldwide and effective therapies are required. Strategies aimed at the removal of fibrillar plaques formed by the amyloid-β peptide have not proved therapeutic and the focus has shifted to approaches that target the cytotoxic oligomeric amyloid-β species that are populated before fibrils are deposited. We have designed and synthesized perphenazine-cyclam conjugates that specifically and rapidly bind to the monomeric form of Aβ42, reducing the production of both cytotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils. We have applied detailed kinetic analysis and NMR spectroscopy to show that the perphenazine-cyclam conjugates divert the Aβ42 monomer into amorphous aggregates that are not toxic to differentiated SH-SY5Y cellsin vitro. Unlike most other amyloid inhibitors studied to date, these conjugates inhibit oligomer and fibril assembly even in the presence of pre-formed fibrillar seeds, demonstrating that they act through a monomer sequestration mechanism. These modular, three-dimensional conjugates therefore effectively prevent monomer-dependent secondary nucleation, the autocatalytic process that generates the majority of toxic oligomers.
A novel Fis1 inhibiting peptide reverses diabetic endothelial dysfunction in human resistance arteries
Authors: Nolden Kelsey A. , Kakarla Mamatha , Egner John M. , Wang Jingli , Harwig Megan C. , Puppala Venkata K. , Hofeld Benjamin C. , Arnold Leggy A. , Trykall David Z. , Peterson Francis C. , Roberts Michelle L. , Jenson David M. , Hill R. Blake , Widlansky Michael E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is one of several factors that drive development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In endothelial cells from T2DM patients, mitochondrial networks are highly fragmentated with increased expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1). However, whether manipulation of Fis1 expression and activity in endothelial vessels from T2DM patients alters endothelial function remains unknown. Here, molecular suppression of Fis1 reversed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of vessels from T2DM patients, as well as healthy human vessels exposed to high (33 mM) or low (2.5 mM) glucose, while preserving NO bioavailability and improving endothelial cell layer integrity. Conversely, overexpression of Fis1 in healthy vessels impaired vasodilation and increased mitochondrial superoxide, suggesting a causative role. Application of a novel and specific Fis1 inhibitor, pep213, improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation of vessels from T2DM patients, as well as healthy vessels exposed to high glucose or Fis1 overexpression, by improving NO bioavailability and decreasing excess mitochondrial ROS generation. The specificity of pep213 was determined through multiple biophysical techniques and a 1.85 Å crystal structure of pep213 in complex with Fis1. These data support that excessive mitochondrial fragmentation drives endothelial vessel dysfunction and supports a potential novel therapeutic route for treating diabetic microvascular disease through pharmacological inhibition of Fis1.
Cyclin D3 drives inertial cell cycling in dark zone germinal center B cells
Authors: Pae Juhee , Ersching Jonatan , Castro Tiago B. R. , Schips Marta , Mesin Luka , Allon Samuel J. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Mlynarczyk Coraline , Melnick Ari , Efeyan Alejo , Shalek Alex K. , Meyer-Hermann Michael , Victora Gabriel D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring affinity maturation, germinal center (GC) B cells alternate between proliferation and so-matic hypermutation in the dark zone (DZ) and affinity-dependent selection in the light zone (LZ). This anatomical segregation imposes that the vigorous proliferation that allows clonal expansion of positively-selected GC B cells takes place ostensibly in the absence of the signals that triggered selection in the LZ, as if by “inertia.” We find that such inertial cycles specifically require the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3. Cyclin D3 dose-dependently controls the extent to which B cells proliferate in the DZ and is essential for effective clonal expansion of GC B cells in response to strong T follicular helper (Tfh) cell help. Introduction into theCcnd3gene of a Burkitt lymphoma-associated gain-of-function mutation (T283A) leads to larger GCs with increased DZ proliferation and, in older mice, to clonal B cell lymphoproliferation, suggesting that the DZ inertial cell cycle program can be coopted by B cells undergoing malignant transformation.
Microbiomes attached to fresh perennial ryegrass- are temporally resilient and adapt to changing ecological niches
Authors: Huws Sharon A. , Edwards Joan. E. , Lin Wanchang , Rubino Francesco , Alston Mark , Swarbreck David , Caim Shabhonam , Stevens Pauline Rees , Pachebat Justin , Won Mi-Young , Oyama Linda B. , Creevey Christopher J. , Kingston-Smith Alison H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGut microbiomes, such as the rumen, greatly influence host nutrition due to their feed energy-harvesting capacity. We investigated temporal ecological interactions facilitating energy-harvesting at the fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG)-biofilm interface in the rumen using anin saccoapproach and prokaryotic metatranscriptomic profiling. Network analysis identified two distinct sub-microbiomes primarily representing primary (≤4h) and secondary (≥4h) colonisation phases and the most transcriptionally active bacterial families (i.eFibrobacteriaceae, SelemondaceaeandMethanobacteriaceae) did not interact with either sub-microbiome, indicating non-cooperative behaviour. Conversely,Prevotellaceaehad most transcriptional activity within the primary sub-microbiome (focussed on protein metabolism) andLachnospiraceaewithin the secondary sub-microbiome (focussed on carbohydrate degradation). Putative keystone taxa, with low transcriptional activity, were identified within both sub-microbiomes, highlighting the important synergistic role of minor bacterial families, however, we hypothesise that they may be ‘cheating’ in order to capitalise on the energy-harvesting capacity of other microbes. In terms of chemical cues underlying transition from primary to secondary colonisation phases, we suggest that AI-2 based quorum sensing plays a role, based on LuxS gene expression data, coupled with changes in PRG chemistry. In summary, this study provides the first major insight into the complex temporal ecological interactions occurring at the plant-biofilm interface within the rumen.
Immunoproteasome deficiency leads to sustained pancreatic injury and delayed recovery from experimental pancreatitis
Authors: De Freitas Chama Laura L. , Ebstein Frédéric , Wiesrecker Birthe , Wagh Preshit R. , Weiss Frank U. , Junker Heike , Studencka-Turski Maja , Lerch Markus M. , Krüger Elke , Sendler Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsUncovering potential new targets involved in pancreas recovery may permit the development of new therapies and improvement of pancreatitis treatment. One disease mechanism comprises the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and a key regulator to prevent proteotoxic stress in an inflammatory context is the immunoproteasome, an induced form of the constitutive proteasome. Our aim was therefore to investigate the role of the immunoproteasome in acute pancreatitis.MethodsAcute pancreatitis was induced in wild type and LMP7−/−mice and several biochemical parameters for disease severity were addressed, including protease activities and histology of pancreatic damage. Real-time PCR was used to measure pro-inflammation and unfolded protein response. Serum IL-6 was detected by cytometric bead assay. Western blotting was used to quantify the ratio of ubiquitin-protein conjugates as well as unfolded protein response activation. Immunofluorescence identified leukocytes infiltration as well as ubiquitin-protein conjugates in the pancreas.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate that the β5i/LMP7-subunit deletion correlates with persistent pancreatic damage. Interestingly, immunoproteasome-deficient mice unveil increased activity of pancreatic enzymes as well as higher secretion of Interleukin-6 and transcript expression of the Interleukin IL-1β, IFN-β cytokines and the CXCL-10 chemokine. Thereafter, acinar cell death was increased, which appears to be due to the greater accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates and prolonged unfolded protein response.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the immunoproteasome plays a protective role in acute pancreatitis via its role in the clearance of damaged proteins and the balance of ER-stress responses in pancreatic acini as well as in macrophages cytokine production.
Revealing interspecies transmission barriers of avian influenza A viruses
Authors: Naguib Mahmoud M. , Eriksson Per , Jax Elinor , Nilsson Jonas , Sihlbom Carina , Lindskog Cecilia , Bröjer Caroline , Olsson Britt-Marie , Wille Michelle , Waldenström Jonas , Larson Göran , Kraus Robert H. S. , Lundkvist Åke , Olsen Björn , Järhult Josef D. , Ellström Patrik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) pandemics result from interspecies transmission events within the avian reservoir and further to mammals including humans. Investigating molecular virus–host interactions dictating this process and the adaptations to the new hosts that follow is vital to understand zoonotic IAV spread. Receptor incompatibility has been suggested to limit zoonotic IAV transmission from the wild bird reservoir. Other barriers to interspecies transmission, particularly within the avian system, largely remain elusive. Through assessment of infection dynamics of mallard origin IAV in two different avian hosts, coupled with studies of receptor expression and host response we aimed to reveal the host-pathogen interactions in a cross-species transmission event. We found that shedding patterns and innate immune responses were highly dependent on viral genotypes, host species and inoculation routes, but less dependent on receptor expression. Further, in contrary to the prevailing dogma we demonstrate that birds can produce a wide range of different sialylated structures also found in mammals, e.g. extendedN-andO-linked Neu5Acα2,6 terminated glycans. Overall, receptor incompatibility is not the sole transmission barrier for IAV between birds and to humans, but other host-pathogen factors deserve dedicated studies to achieve proper pandemic preparedness.
Dynamical Systems Approach to Evolution-Development Congruence: Revisiting Haeckel’s Recapitulation Theory
Authors: Kohsokabe Takahiro , Kaneko Kunihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is acknowledged that embryonic development has tendency to proceed from common toward specific. Ernst Haeckel raised the question of why that tendency prevailed through evolution, and the question remains unsolved. Here, we revisit Haeckel’s recapitulation theory, i.e., the parallelism between evolution and development through numerical evolution and dynamical systems theory. By using intracellular gene-expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction over spatially aligned cells to represent the developmental process, gene regulation networks (GRN) that govern these dynamics evolve under the selection pressure to achieve a prescribed spatial gene expression pattern. For most numerical evolutionary experiments, the evolutionary pattern changes over generations, as well as the developmental pattern changes governed by the evolved GRN exhibit remarkable similarity. Both pattern changes consisted of several epochs where stripes are formed in a short time, whereas for other temporal regimes, pattern hardly changes. In evolution, these quasi-stationary generations are needed to achieve relevant mutations, whereas in development, they are due to some gene expressions that vary slowly and control the pattern change. These successive epochal changes in development and evolution are represented as common bifurcations in dynamical systems theory, regulating working network structure from feedforward subnetwork to those containing feedback loops. The congruence is the correspondence between successive acquisition of subnetworks through evolution and changes in working subnetworks in development. Consistency of the theory with the segmentation gene-expression dynamics is discussed. Novel outlook on recapitulation and heterochrony are provided, testable experimentally by the transcriptome and network analysis.
An improved model for performances calculation in spoke-type permanent-magnet machines considering magnetization orientation and finite soft-magnetic material permeability
Authors: Jabbari Ali , Dubas Frédéric 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
In semi-analytical modeling of spoke-type permanent-magnet (PM) machines (STPMM), the saturation effect is usually neglected (i.e. iron parts are considered to be infinitely permeable) and the PM magnetization is assumed tangential (i.e. magnetization pattern is considered to be tangential-parallel). This paper aims to present an improved two-dimensional (2D) subdomain technique for STPMM with the PM magnetization orientation in quasi-Cartesian coordinates by using hyperbolic functions considering non-homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions (BCs) in non-periodic regions and by applying the interfaces conditions (ICs) in both directions (i.e. t- and θ edges ICs).

Design/methodology/approach
The polar coordinate system is transformed into a quasi-Cartesian coordinate system. The rotor and stator regions are divided into primary subdomains, and a partial differential equation (PDE) is assigned to each subdomain. In the PM region, the magnetization orientation is considered in the equations. By applying BCs, the general solution of the equations is determined, and by applying the ICs, the corresponding coefficients are determined.

Findings
Using the proposed coordinate system, the general solution of PDEs and their coefficients can mathematically be simplified. The magnetic field and non-intrinsic unbalanced magnetic forces (UMF) calculations have been performed for three different values of iron core relative permeability (200, 800 and ∞), as well as different magnetization orientation values (135 and 80 degrees). The semi-analytical model based on the subdomain technique is compared with those obtained by the 2D finite-element analysis (FEA). Results disclose that the PM magnetization angle can affect directly the performance characteristics of the STPMM.

Originality/value
A new model for prediction of electromagnetic performances in the STPMM takes into account magnetization direction, and soft magnetic material relative permeability in a pseudo-Cartesian coordinate system by using subdomain technique is presented.
Job crafting, workplace civility and work outcomes: the mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Singh Pankaj 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The antecedents and consequences of work engagement have been extensively discussed and analyzed in the previous literature; however, identifying cost-effective measures that can sustain work engagement to boost work outcomes has received sparse attention in the Indian information technology (IT) context. This study aims to provide new insights concerning the associations of job crafting and workplace civility with work engagement and its corresponding outcomes, such as change perception, general life satisfaction and intention to quit.

Design/methodology/approach
Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling on data obtained from 369 software developers in India using questionnaire surveys.

Findings
Results confirmed that work engagement partially mediated the association of job crafting and workplace civility with the perception of change and general life satisfaction. The negative associations of job crafting and workplace civility with the intention to quit were also partially mediated by work engagement. The findings can be used to inform human resources strategies to boost work engagement and subsequent work outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this empirical work will offer insights to managers who are looking for cost-effective interventions and behaviors aimed at increasing work engagement and, consequently, achieving effective work outcomes.

Originality/value
This study contributes by empirically testing the application of novel employee-driven practices in improving work engagement and work outcomes, particularly in the context of IT companies in India.
Online retailing: determinants of competition between multinationals and local firms in emerging markets
Authors: Kardes Ilke , Reinecke Flynn Leisa , Dugan Michael 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe fundamental research question is which aspects of the external environment are most strongly associated with the differential market share between large multinational online retailers and smaller, local retailers in emerging markets. For the purposes of this study, the differential market share refers to the likelihood of having a higher market share for multinational online retailers than for local online retailers.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework of the study is based on PESTLE analysis. This study uses longitudinal country-level archival data and conducts a stepwise logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of environmental factors.FindingsThe results indicate that the effectiveness of law-making bodies and government involvement with information and communications technologies (ICTs) among other factors are significantly associated with a higher market share for multinational online retailers relative to local retailers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examines the impact of certain external factors (i.e. socioeconomic variables and legal environment) on the differential market share between multinational online retailers and local ones. Future research should investigate additional factors such as cultural roles and internal operating dynamics of online retailers. The research emphasizes online retailing. A logical extension of the current study is to examine how the online retailing environment differs from the brick-in-store retailing environment relative to the competition. The current study investigates the differential market share between multinational and local online retailers only in the emerging markets setting. The results may differ if the developed market setting is also considered. We recommend that future research compares the developed markets and emerging markets settings relative to the differential market share between multinational and local online retailers.Practical implicationsNot all improvements in legal institutions are associated with improved market conditions for multinational online retailers. Managers of multinational online retailers must pursue some mitigation strategies to prevent institutional voids in emerging markets. Therefore, adapting the business model by collaborating and establishing relationships with local online retailers is an effective strategy to mitigate institutional voids (Dohet al., 2017; Yanget al., 2012). Moreover, multinational online retailers are recommended to collaborate with local governments to change unfavourable legal conditions (Dohet al., 2017; Boddewyn and Doh, 2011).Originality/valueThe extant literature on online retailing frequently addresses internal company characteristics and consumer behaviour. This study focuses exclusively on environmental factors associated with differential market share. We contribute to the literature on online retailing, retailing strategies and competition dynamics in emerging markets.
Stacked value streams of hybrid energy storage systems in prosumer microgrids
Authors: Gbadegesin Azizat Olusola , Sun Yanxia , Nwulu Nnamdi I. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Storage systems are deemed to be unable to provide revenue commensurate with the resources invested in them, thus discouraging their incorporation within power networks. In prosumer microgrids, storage systems can provide revenue from reduced grid consumption, energy arbitraging or when serving as back-up power. This study aims to examine stacking these revenue streams with the aim of making storage systems financially viable for inclusion in prosumer microgrids.

Design/methodology/approach
With the aim of reducing self-consumption and maximising revenue, the prosumer microgrid incorporating hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) and solar PV power is solved using the CPLEX solver of the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling Software (AIMMS). The financial analysis of the results is carried out to provide the payback periods of different system configurations of the prosumer microgrid.

Findings
The findings reveal that the payback period of the three HESS when minimising grid expenses during self-consumption alone and when compared with stacked revenue streams shows an improvement from 4.8–11.2 years to 2.4–6.6 years. With stacked HESS revenues, the supercapacitor-lithium ion battery HESS gave the shortest payback period of 2.31 years when solar PV power is at 75% penetration level.

Originality/value
Existing literature has considered revenue streams of storage systems at the electrical power transmission and distribution levels, but not for prosumer microgrids in particular. This study has captured these benefits and verified the profitability of stacking revenue from HESS to prosumer microgrids, using a case study.