bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glutathione and/or selenium levels on growth, yield, and some biochemical constituents of some wheat cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions
Authors: Dawood Mona G. , Sadak Mervat Sh. , Bakry Bakry A. , Kheder Howida H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Production and Research Station, National Research Centre (NRC), El-Nubaria Province, Behaira Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons to study the effect of glutathione (100, 200, and 300 mg/l) and/or selenium (5 and 10 mg/l) on growth, yield, and yield components of three wheat cultivars (Egypt-2; Shandaweel-1; Gemmeiza-11).ResultsThe results indicate that the Gemmeiza-11 cultivar was the most adapted cultivar to grow in the Nubaria region. Individually, glutathione at 300 mg/l or selenium at 10 mg/l caused the highest significant increases in shoot dry weight/plant of three wheat cultivars relative to other levels. Likewise, glutathione treatment at 300 mg/l was the optimum treatment in increasing photosynthetic pigments in three wheat cultivars. Selenium treatment at 10 mg/l was better than selenium treatment at 5 mg/l. Interaction between glutathione at 300 mg/l and selenium at 10 mg/l caused the highest significance increases in total photosynthetic pigments. It is obvious that glutathione at 300 mg/l or selenium at 10 mg/l as individual treatment showed the highest significant increase in grain yield (ton/fed).ConclusionGlutathione treatments at 200 or 300 mg/l interacted with selenium treatment at 10 mg/l showed the highest significant increases in grain yield and its components as compared with other treatments in three wheat cultivars. Moreover, It is noted that the highest increases in IAA and phenolic content in the leaves as well as the content of carbohydrate, flavonoid, and phenolic in the yielded grains appeared by the interaction between glutathione at 300 mg/l and selenium at 10 mg/l in the three wheat cultivars under investigation.
Partial root-zone drying (PRD), its effects and agricultural significance: a review
Authors: Iqbal Rashid , Raza Muhammad Aown Sammar , Toleikiene Monika , Ayaz Muhammad , Hashemi Fatemeh , Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Zaheer Muhammad Saqlain , Ahmad Salman , Riaz Umair , Ali Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Usman , Haider Imran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Water resources are very important to agricultural crop production due to increasing demand for food, feed, and fiber. There is a growing requirement for more use of our natural resources of land, soil, and water. There is ever-increasing pressure on water resources for our extensive use in agricultural production. There needs to be innovative solutions for more efficient irrigation techniques for better development of agricultural irrigation management.

Main body of the abstract
This review paper shows the consequences of partial root-zone drying happening on various plant species, its advantages and disadvantages, and also the hormone production under partial root-zone drying. In this technique of irrigation, a wet-dry cycle irrigates the crop, i.e., irrigation is scheduled at a regular interval with half way root drying.

Short conclusion
This is a water-saving irrigation strategy used in arid and semi-arid environments for increasing irrigation water use efficiency and water productivity as compared to fully irrigated crop plants in area with limited water resources. Scientists have worked a lot with different morphological, physiological, and yield related parameters of horticultural crops with partial root-zone drying but little work with agronomic crops.
Intracranial giant cell tumour—a case report
Authors: Hashim Hilwati , Bakar Nor Salmah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGiant cell tumours (GCT) are rare benign bone tumours that typically occur in the appendicular skeleton. In typical locations, these tumours are relatively simple to diagnose by radiography. However, at atypical locations, these tumours can be confused with other disease pathologies. Here, we describe a patient with an intracranial GCT that was initially thought to be a cystic teratoma.Case presentationA 49-year-old man with no previous medical illness was investigated for left-sided hearing impairment and tinnitus associated with a left-sided headache of 2 years’ duration. He did not complain of fever, vertigo, nasal or constitutional symptoms. Examination confirmed a sensory neural hearing loss with no other neurological deficit. Imaging by CT and subsequent MRI revealed an extra axial, multiloculated, and septated mass at the left temporal area with a significant mass effect. A provisional diagnosis of cystic teratoma was made. However, histopathological examination of the resected mass indicated that the lesion was a GCT. The patient required a second excision of the tumour, which he refused. His latest follow-up MRI showed no further progression of the residual tumour. His headaches have resolved and there was no progression of other symptoms.ConclusionThis case highlights that GCTs can occur at sites outside the appendicular skeleton and that these tumours may be confused with other diseases that have a similar appearance on imaging.
The 15-Epilipoxin-A4 Pathway with Prophylactic Aspirin in Preventing Preeclampsia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Shanmugalingam Renuka , Wang XiaoSuo , Motum Penelope , Fulcher Ian , Lee Gaksoo , Kumar Roshika , Hennessy Annemarie , Makris Angela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe benefit of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia is increasingly recognized; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Nonobstetric studies have described an anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin through the 15-epilipoxin-A4 pathway (aspirin-triggered lipoxin [ATL]). However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia remains unknown.Objective/HypothesisTo examine (1) the difference in longitudinal endogenous lipoxin-A4 (En-Lipoxin-A4) concentration in low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) pregnancies, and (2) the effect of aspirin on endogenous ATL concentration and the associated effect on cytokine profile of HR women.MethodsPlasma from 220 HR women was collected at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 weeks of gestation. Adherence to aspirin was biochemically verified. Plasma En-Lipoxin-A4 and ATL concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-8, and IL-1β, with the high-sensitivity multibead Luminex® assay.ResultsHR women have up to 70% lower plasma concentration of En-Lipoxin-A4 (P &lt; 0.001) than LR women. HR women with adequate aspirin adherence (HR-AA) (n = 82) had higher plasma concentration of ATL (P &lt; .001), lower concentration of IL-8 from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation (P &lt; .001), and increased IL-10 concentration from 16 to 28 weeks of gestation (P = .03) compared with high-risk women who were not on aspirin (HR-NA). HR-AA who did not develop preeclampsia had higher plasma En-lipoxin-A4 (P &lt; .001), ATL (P = .02), and IL-10 concentrations (P &lt; .001) with lower IL-8 concentration (P = .004) than HR women who developed preeclampsia.DiscussionPlasma concentration of En-Lipoxin-A4 is lower in HR women than in LR controls. Adequate adherence with aspirin results in an increase in ATL and IL-10 with reduced IL-8 plasma concentration. This study suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of aspirin through the ATL pathway with prophylactic aspirin in HR pregnant women.
Approach to the Treatment of a Patient with an Aggressive Pituitary Tumor
Authors: Lin Andrew L , Donoghue Mark T A , Wardlaw Sharon L , Yang T Jonathan , Bodei Lisa , Tabar Viviane , Geer Eliza B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A small subset of pituitary adenomas grows despite maximal treatment with standard therapies; namely, surgery and radiotherapy. These aggressive tumors demonstrate 2 patterns of growth: they may be locally aggressive or metastasize distantly, either hematogenously or through the spinal fluid. Further surgery and radiotherapy may be helpful for palliation of symptoms, but they are rarely definitive in the management of these malignant tumors. The only chemotherapy with established activity in the treatment of pituitary tumors is the alkylating agent temozolomide. At most, 50% of patients exhibit an objective response to temozolomide and the median time to progression is short; thus, there remains a significant unmet need for effective treatments within this patient population. Several targeted agents have reported activity in this tumor type—including small molecule inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other biologics—but remain investigational at this time.
Neonatal and infant immunity for tuberculosis vaccine development: importance of age-matched animal models
Authors: Ramos Laylaa , Lunney Joan K. , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Neonatal and infant immunity differs from that of adults in both the innate and adaptive arms, which are critical contributors to immune-mediated clearance of infection and memory responses elicited during vaccination. The tuberculosis (TB) research community has openly admitted to a vacuum of knowledge about neonatal and infant immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, especially in the functional and phenotypic attributes of memory T cell responses elicited by the only available vaccine for TB, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Although BCG vaccination has variable efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB during adolescence and adulthood, 80% of endemic TB countries still administer BCG at birth because it has a good safety profile and protects children from severe forms of TB. As such, new vaccines must work in conjunction with BCG at birth and, thus, it is essential to understand how BCG shapes the immune system during the first months of life. However, many aspects of the neonatal and infant immune response elicited by vaccination with BCG remain unknown, as only a handful of studies have followed BCG responses in infants. Furthermore, most animal models currently used to study TB vaccine candidates rely on adult-aged animals. This presents unique challenges when transitioning to human trials in neonates or infants. In this Review, we focus on vaccine development in the field of TB and compare the relative utility of animal models used thus far to study neonatal and infant immunity. We encourage the development of neonatal animal models for TB, especially the use of pigs.
A 9-year retrospective evaluation of 102 pressure ulcer reconstructions
Authors: Kenneweg K. A. , Welch M. C. , Welch P. J. 
Published: September 2020

• Objective: Several pressure ulcer (PU) risk factors including paralysis and age greater than 70 have been identified, while others such as nutrition are debated. The object of this study is to identify perioperative risk factors that may predict improved outcomes and reduced complications in primary and recurrent PU reconstructions. • Method: A retrospective chart review of patients treated surgically for PUs from 2004 to 2013 at the University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, US, was completed. Data collected included ulcer and medical history, as well as risk factors, complications and postoperative outcome. Data were statistically analysed for perioperative variances between primary and recurrent ulcers and closure status. • Results: A total of 49 patients with 102 reconstructions were reviewed. Spinal cord injured patients accounted for 90% receiving flap coverage of ulcers. Numerous differences between primary and recurrent ulcers were identified, including ulcer location, patient nutritional status, wound infection, postoperative course and recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed a flap reconstruction prediction model using creatinine, haematocrit, haemoglobin, and prealbumin that is able to successfully predict closure outcome in 83.6% of cases. • Conclusion: Many factors play a role in the development, course and treatment of PUs. It is vital to understand the role of patient risk factors in the development of PUs, to direct subsequent management and reconstruction, and to prevent future recurrences.
Inline holographic microscopy through fiber imaging bundles
Authors: Hughes Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

Fiber imaging bundles are widely used as thin, passive image conduits for miniaturized and endoscopic microscopy, particularly for confocal fluorescence imaging. Holographic microscopy through fiber bundles is more challenging; phase conjugation approaches are complex and require extensive calibration. This paper describes how simple inline holographic microscopy can be performed through an imaging bundle using a partially coherent illumination source from a multimode fiber. The sample is imaged in transmission, with the intensity hologram sampled by the bundle and transmitted to a remote camera. The hologram can then be numerically refocused for volumetric imaging, achieving a resolution of approximately 6 µm over a depth range of 1 mm. The scheme does not require any complex prior calibration and hence is insensitive to bending.
Editorial Dossiê Comunicação Científica
Authors: Oliveira Dalgiza Andrade , Ribeiro Nivaldo Calixto 
Published: September 2020

No cenário efervescente, que envolve a comunicação científica, insere-se esta edição especial da BIBLOS, composta por 13 artigos de relevância para a área. Os estudos elucidam que a ciência está intimamente associada à comunicação científica, de forma teórica-metodológica e prática. Assim, compreende-se que a ciência só alcançará suas aspirações por meio da divulgação, da acessibilidade, da transparência, da ética e a da ampla discussão dos resultados das pesquisas entre os pares e focalizando o retorno para a sociedade. Nesta edição, são tratados temas como: competência crítica da informação, redes sociais, recursos imagéticos, periódicos, fator de impacto, ciência aberta, repositórios de dados e institucional, plugins em revistas científicas, design de interação em bibliotecas digitais e estudos bibliométricos.
Serological Biomarkers of Tissue Turnover Identify Responders to Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: van Haaften Wouter T. , Mortensen Joachim H. , Dige Anders K. , Grønbæk Henning , Hvas Christian L. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Karsdal Morten A. , Olinga Peter , Manon-Jensen Tina , Dijkstra Gerard 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is effective in inducing remission in Crohn's disease in 60% of patients. No serological biomarkers are available, which can predict response to anti-TNF. We aimed to investigate serological markers of collagen turnover reflecting tissue inflammation as predictors of response to anti-TNF.

METHODS:
In 2 retrospective observational cohorts, markers for matrix metalloproteinase–degraded type III and IV collagens (C3M and C4M, respectively) and for formation of type III and IV collagens (PRO-C3 and PRO-C4, respectively) were measured in serum and compared with standard C-reactive protein in patients with active Crohn's disease who started infliximab (IFX, n = 21) or adalimumab (ADA, n = 21). Disease activity was classified by the Harvey-Bradshaw index (active disease ≥5); response was defined as clinical remission.

RESULTS:
Seventeen patients (81%) treated with IFX were in remission at week 14; 15 patients (71%) treated with ADA were in remission at week 8. Serum C4M at baseline was increased in nonresponders compared with responders (IFX: 35.0 ± 2.4 vs 23.2 ± 2.6, P = 0.04, ADA: 53.0 ± 3.2 vs 34.1 ± 2.8, P = 0.006). C4M levels at baseline predicted response in both cohorts (IFX: odds ratio 39 [95% confidence interval, 2.4–523.9] P = 0.02, cutoff 35.2 nmol/L; ADA: odds ratio 26 [95% confidence interval, 1.8–332.5], P = 0.01, cutoff 46.9 nmol/L). C-reactive protein was not able to predict response to anti-TNF.

DISCUSSION:
Response to anti-TNF therapy within the first 14 weeks of treatment can be predicted based on baseline levels of basement membrane marker C4M. This marker could be used as biomarker for response to anti-TNF and could aid in early therapy decision making. Validation in larger well-defined cohorts is needed.
Fogo no Cerrado e a vulnerabilidade em assentamentos rurais
Authors: Soares Juliana Abadia Prado , Peixinho Dimas Moraes 
Published: September 2020

As queimas no Brasil, em 2019, tomaram proporções jamais vistas. Os focos de incêndio foram identificados em vários biomas do País. Embora possam existir queimas naturais no Cerrado, fato que pode contribuir para a renovação de algumas plantas, aquelas que são provocadas acarretam grandes danos ao meio ambiente e às áreas produtivas, causando prejuízos incalculáveis. Nesse artigo, avalia-se, em uma perspectiva geral, as ações do fogo no Cerrado e, de forma específica, o evento (queimadas) que ocorreu no assentamento Rio Paraíso, Jataí-GO, em 2019. Para essa análise tomou-se como referência o entendimento de vulnerabilidade espacial, compreendendo que a produção especializada nega as características da pequena propriedade, caracterizada pela policultura e pela criação diversificada de animais. Assim, a especialização da produção, como ocorre no Assentamento Rio Paraíso, onde predominam as monoculturas de soja e milho, deixa os produtores mais vulneráveis, como a que resultou nas queimas que atingiram muitos produtores do assentamento, em 2019. Em um levantamento preliminar pode-se constatar que a recuperação das perdas levará alguns anos, quiçá haverá recuperação. Os dados descritos no trabalho foram obtidos por meio das informações de moradores do assentamento e do Corpo de Bombeiros, de matérias de jornais que registraram o evento e de entrevistas com funcionários da Cooperativa COPARPA (presente no assentamento) da cidade de Jataí.
Palavra-chave: Queimadas no Cerrado. Assentamentos. Vulnerabilidade. Biodiesel. Agricultura Familiar.
A NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE FOR PREVENTION AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORT
Authors: Tolmachev O , Vekovtsev A , Bykov A , Pozniakovskiy V 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to develop a non-alcoholic beverage for post-traumatic recovery of the structure and functions of cartilage tissue in professional and amateur athletes. Materials and methods. The materials used were a premix containing aquamin soluble (a natural source of calcium), glucosamine sulfate (a chondroprotector) and herbal components, as well as laboratory and industrial samples of a sports beverage. To assess the quality of the flavor syrup and the finished drink, generally accepted and special research methods were used including spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and inverse voltammetry. Results. Beverage composition is scientifically substantiated based on the characteristics and functional properties of the ingredient composition. The main components of the formulation are premix 124-19, “Eleutherococcus” flavor and “Ginseng with herbs” flavor concentrated bases along with extracts of plant materials with synergistic properties for correcting metabolic processes in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The novelty of the formulation is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation. There are evidence-based medical studies on the effectiveness and functional orientation of calcium and glucosamine in dietary supplements. A technology was developed for the extraction of plant materials, the innovativeness of which is the use of high pressure (100–200 MPA) for a short period of time (60–600 s). The formulation and technology of the beverage are tested in production conditions and are recommended for implementation. Conclusion. Sports beverages based on natural biological complexes can be effective for correcting metabolic disorders and maintaining health in post-traumatic osteoarthritis in professional and amateur sports.
Vliv pregraduálního vzdělání na profesní počátky ve školní praxi pohledem začínajících učitelů
Authors: Rajsiglová Ina , Přibylová Kateřina 
Published: September 2020

Cílem příspěvku je představit, jak sledovaní začínající učitelé vnímají vliv pregraduální přípravy na své první roky praxe a jaké lze na základě toho vysledovat možnosti zkvalitnění přípravy budoucích učitelů.Metody. Výzkumný vzorek se skládá ze třinácti začínajících učitelů biologie/přírodopisu s praxí od jednoho do pěti let. Data byla získána prostřednictvím hloubkových polostrukturovaných rozhovorů a byla analyzována metodou zakotvené teorie.Z výsledků vyplývá, že nejlépe byla hodnocena složka odborné biologické přípravy, největší rezervy vykazovala složka pedagogicko-psychologická před oborově didaktickou. Obě složky pregraduální přípravy vykazující rezervy navrhovali respondenti posílit o pedagogické náslechy, aplikaci zážitkové výuky nebo zprostředkování výuky vysokoškolskými pedagogy či odborníky s reálnou pracovní zkušeností ve školství. Hodnocení pregraduální přípravy bylo ovlivněno šokem z reality vycházejícího z nepřiměřeného očekávání začínajících učitelů.Závěry. Za přínos této studie považujeme skutečnost, že přes jistou individuálnost názorů byly pozorovány určité trendy, které by bylo možné zohlednit při přípravě vzdělávacích programů budoucích učitelů, a dále to, že se nám podařilo rozkrýt klíčové spojitosti mezi jednotlivými složkami pregraduální přípravy ve vztahu ke zvládání školní reality začínajícími učiteli, což bylo vizualizováno abstraktním schématem v podobě tetraedru.
Strach, absence, didaktické incidenty a nedostatky v profesní přípravě učitelů
Authors: Starý Karel 
Published: September 2020

Na první pohled spojuje všechny články výskyt negativních jevů ve vzdělávání. Na pohled druhý – zvláště po jejich pečlivém přečtení – si dovolím tvrdit, že velmi odlišnými cestami (sic!) přispívají k (vědeckému) poznání a tím nabízejí podněty k jejich překonávání.
Bianchi type–I Model with Time Varying Λ and G: The Generalized Solution
Authors: Alfedeel Alnadhief H. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type–I cosmological model with a time-varying Newtonian and cosmological constant. We have analytically solved Einstein’s field equations (EFEs) in the presence of a stiff-perfect fluid. We show that the analytical solution for the average scale factor for the generalized Friedman equation involves the hyper-geometric function. We have studied the physical and kinematical quantities of the model, and it is found that the universe becomes isotropic at late times.
Optimizing effective numbers of tests by vine copula modeling
Authors: Steffen Nico , Dickhaus Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the multiple testing context, we utilize vine copulae for optimizing the effective number of tests. It is well known that for the calibration of multiple tests for control of the family-wise error rate the dependencies between the marginal tests are of utmost importance. It has been shown in previous work, that positive dependencies between the marginal tests can be exploited in order to derive a relaxed Šidák-type multiplicity correction. This correction can conveniently be expressed by calculating the corresponding „effective number of tests“ for a given (global) significance level. This methodology can also be applied to blocks of test statistics so that the effective number of tests can be calculated by the sum of the effective numbers of tests for each block. In the present work, we demonstrate how the power of the multiple test can be optimized by taking blocks with high inner-block dependencies. The determination of those blocks will be performed by means of an estimated vine copula model. An algorithm is presented which uses the information of the estimated vine copula to make a data-driven choice of appropriate blocks in terms of (estimated) dependencies. Numerical experiments demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.