bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendation to reality: Closing the transcranial Doppler screening gap for children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Singh Ashima , Danda Vanaja , Van Swol Laura , Scott J. Paul , Brandow Amanda M. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough annual transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening is recommended for children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), compliance is low and variable. Our objective was to utilize an electronic health record (EHR)‐based registry to improve TCD adherence among children with SCA, 2‐16 years of age, at our institution.MethodsWe developed an in‐EPIC real time registry for children with sickle cell disease in year 2016. Since end of year 2016, we have been extracting data quarterly to examine TCD rates and share the list of children who have not received a TCD screen in the past 18 months with the clinical team. The registry also includes a TCD risk score to enhance point of care. We also added Child Life support to increase TCD compliance among children <7 years. Control charts are used to examine TCD rates.ResultsAt baseline, prior to and start of quarterly data audit and feedback, 63% of children received the recommended annual TCD screen. TCD rates steadily increased to 80% by the third quarter of 2017. We observed a dip in TCD rates, driven by failure of screening young children. Since the initiation of Child Life support for children <7 years, we have sustained TCD screen rates >70%. Overall, our data meet criteria for special cause variation, indicating improvement in TCD rates since 2015.ConclusionsRegular tracking and identification of patients overdue for a TCD screen using an EHR‐based registry resulted in sustained improvement in TCD screening rates. Involvement of Child Life support further improved TCD rates.
Effect of chain extender on structural and mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate)/halloysite nanotube bionanocomposites
Authors: Prashantha Kalappa , Rashmi Baralu J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBionanocomposites comprising poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PBSA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were fabricated via melt extrusion using different HNT loadings. These nanocomposites were characterized through Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical, thermal, and rheological tests. Adding a chain extender (CE) ensured homogeneous dispersion of HNTs in the PBSA matrix because the epoxy‐based CE and HNTs reacted with the carboxyl groups of PBSA, leading to effective interfacial interactions between the matrix and reinforcing filler. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that HNTs had a nucleating effect on PBSA, thereby increasing the crystallization of PBSA and percentage crystallinity of the composites. Nevertheless, the CE did not cause any change in the crystallinity of the nanocomposites. Further, the thermal stability of PBSA without and with the CE reduced, depending on the HNT loading. The HNTs and CE also increased the melt strength of PBSA. Additionally, HNTs and CE enhanced the mechanical properties owing to the increased molecular weight and formation of long‐chain branched structures.
Genetically Informed Regression Analysis: Application to Aggression Prediction by Inattention and Hyperactivity in Children and Adults
Authors: Boomsma Dorret I. , van Beijsterveldt Toos C. E. M. , Odintsova Veronika V. , Neale Michael C. , Dolan Conor V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a procedure to simultaneously fit a genetic covariance structure model and a regression model to multivariate data from mono- and dizygotic twin pairs to test for the prediction of a dependent trait by multiple correlated predictors. We applied the model to aggressive behavior as an outcome trait and investigated the prediction of aggression from inattention (InA) and hyperactivity (HA) in two age groups. Predictions were examined in twins with an average age of 10 years (11,345 pairs), and in adult twins with an average age of 30 years (7433 pairs). All phenotypes were assessed by the same, but age-appropriate, instruments in children and adults. Because of the different genetic architecture of aggression, InA and HA, a model was fitted to these data that specified additive and non-additive genetic factors (A and D) plus common and unique environmental (C and E) influences. Given appropriate identifying constraints, this ADCE model is identified in trivariate data. We obtained different results for the prediction of aggression in children, where HA was the more important predictor, and in adults, where InA was the more important predictor. In children, about 36% of the total aggression variance was explained by the genetic and environmental components of HA and InA. Most of this was explained by the genetic components of HA and InA, i.e., 29.7%, with 22.6% due to the genetic component of HA. In adults, about 21% of the aggression variance was explained. Most was this was again explained by the genetic components of InA and HA (16.2%), with 8.6% due to the genetic component of InA.
An experiment on deception, reputation and trust
Authors: Ettinger David , Jehiel Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn experiment is designed to shed light on how deception works. The experiment involves a twenty period sender/receiver game in which period 5 has more weight than other periods. In each period, the informed sender communicates about the realized state, the receiver then reports a belief about the state before being informed whether the sender lied. Throughout the interaction, a receiver is matched with the same sender who is either malevolent with an objective opposed to the receiver or benevolent always telling the truth. The main findings are: (1) in several variants (differing in the weight of the key period and the share of benevolent senders), the deceptive tactic in which malevolent senders tell the truth up to the key period and then lie at the key period is used roughly 25% of the time, (2) the deceptive tactic brings higher expected payoff than other observed strategies, and (3) a majority of receivers do not show cautiousness at the key period when no lie was made before. These observations do not match the predictions of the Sequential Equilibrium and can be organized using the analogy-based sequential equilibrium (ABSE) in which three quarters of subjects reason coarsely.
From Angels to Humans: Law, Coercion, and the Society of Angels Thought Experiment
Authors: Miotto Lucas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhether legal systems are necessarily coercive raises normative concerns. Coercion carries a presumption of illegitimacy and a special justificatory burden. If legal systems are necessarily coercive, coerciveness necessarily taints our legal institutions. Traditionally, legal systems have been regarded as contingently coercive. This view is mainly supported by the society of angels thought experiment. For the past few years, however, this traditional view has been under attack. Critics have challenged the reliability of the thought experiment and have urged us to centre the discussion on typical legal systems: legal systems made by humans to address human needs. Once we do so – they claim – we would inevitably reject the traditional view. This paper argues that the critics are wrong. After discussing key features of the society of angels thought experiment and responding to objections, it is argued that even typical legal systems are contingently coercive. Coerciveness is a feature that our legal systems can and should strive to get rid of.
Einfluss von abendlicher Computerspielnutzung auf Parameter der Alertness und des Schlafs bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Glos Martin , Zimmermann Sandra , Penzel Thomas , Lederer Katharina , Fietze Ingo 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Computerspielnutzung vor dem Schlafengehen ist vor allem bei Heranwachsenden ein übliches Verhalten. Die exzessive Nutzung kann mit somatischen Beschwerden, Aufmerksamkeitsdefiziten und familiären Interaktionsproblemen verbunden sein. Es gibt aber nur wenige Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen auf den nachfolgenden Schlaf.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war es, die Auswirkungen eines Computerspiels am Abend auf die Alertness und den Schlaf von Jugendlichen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Fünfundzwanzig gesunde Jugendliche (mittleres Alter 15 Jahre, w = 20, m = 5) aus einer Schulklasse wurden in diese Pilotstudie eingeschlossen. In einem randomisierten Crossover-Design an zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen wurde jeweils am Abend für 2 h entweder ein Jump-and-Run-Computerspiel durchgeführt oder eine Jugendzeitschrift gelesen. Vor und nach der jeweiligen Intervention wurde mittels Fragebögen die Stimmung (Aktuelle Stimmungsskala, ASTS) und die Schläfrigkeit (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS) erhoben sowie Parameter der tonischen Alertness mittels Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) gemessen. Jeweils im Anschluss wurde der Schlaf mittels Polysomnografie (PSG) untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Zweistündiges Computerspielen am Abend führte unmittelbar danach zu einer verringerten Alertness – der PVT-Parameter Reaktionszeit (RT) erhöhte sich von 272,0 ± 30,5 ms auf 305,2 ± 41,3 ms (p < 0,01) während die RT im gleichen Zeitfenster am anderen Abend unter der Lesebedingung unverändert blieb.
Abendliche Computerspielnutzung führte in der darauffolgenden Nacht zu einem erhöhten Leichtschlafanteil (N1 + N2: 48,9 ± 9,1 %-TST vs. 44,6 ± 9,8 %-TST, p < 0,05) und einem reduzierten Tiefschlafanteil (N3: 36,0 ± 10,0 %-TST vs. 39,5 ± 9,0 %-TST, p < 0,05) gegenüber dem Schlaf nach zweistündigem Lesen. Die Einschlaflatenz und die Schlafeffizienz unterschieden sich zwischen beiden Bedingungen nicht.

Diskussion
Bei den in dieser Pilotstudie untersuchten gesunden Jugendlichen wirkten sich abendliche Computerspiele negativ auf die Alertness und die Schlafarchitektur der darauffolgenden Nacht aus. Zusammen mit häufig nicht ausreichenden Schlafzeiten an Schultagen bei Jugendlichen könnten kumulativ diese Befunde entwicklungsphysiologische Relevanz haben. Untersuchungen an Jugendlichen in weiteren Kollektiven mit entsprechender Gruppengröße sind jedoch notwendig, um die Ergebnisse weiter zu verifizieren und ggf. schlafhygienische Verhaltensempfehlungen für diese Altersgruppen entsprechend anzupassen.
Determinants for voluntary participation in staff screening during an methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak on a neonatal ward
Authors: Wolfensberger Aline , Schmid Manuel , Sax Hugo , Clack Lauren , Wyler Colette , Bassler Dirk , Kusejko Katharina , Meyer Lilly , Rampini Silvana K. , Fontijn Jehudith R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated healthcare worker (HCW) behavior with regard to a voluntary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) staff screening during a MRSA outbreak in a neonatal ward. Avoiding MRSA transmission from HCWs to patients was the most important reason for participation. Inconvenient screening time was the most frequently cited reason for nonparticipation.
Epinephrine minimizes the use of bipolar coagulation and preserves ovarian reserve in laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Eun Young , Hwang Kyu-Hee , Kim Ji-Hee , Lee San-Hui , Park Kyu-Sang , Choi Seong Jin , Cha Seung-Kuy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a novel method, the epinephrine compression method (Epi-pledget), as a hemostasis method for ovarian cystectomy. A total of 179 patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with stripping were randomly allocated into three groups: the bipolar coagulation group, the Epi-pledget group, and the coagulation after Epi-pledget (Epi & Coagulation) group. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) by ultrasonography were measured to determine the preservation of ovarian function. To evaluate the postoperative ovarian cellular proliferative activity and tissue damage in a mouse model, we operated on the ovaries of mice with an artificial incision injury and applied two hemostatic methods: coagulation and Epi-pledget. Eight weeks after surgery, the AMH rate significantly decreased in the bipolar coagulation group compared with the Epi-pledget group. The AFC decline rate was also significantly greater in the coagulation group than the Epi-pledget group. Specifically, patients with endometrioma had a significantly greater decline of serum AMH in the coagulation group than the Epi-pledget group. In a histopathological analysis in mice, the Epi-pledget group showed ameliorated fibrotic changes and necrotic findings in the injured lesion compared with the bipolar coagulation group. The Epi-pledget method for ovarian stripping has an additional benefit of maximizing the preservation of the ovarian reserve, especially for the endometriotic ovarian cyst type.
Genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cases at the University Hospital in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Valdivia Hugo O. , Villena Fredy E. , Lizewski Stephen E. , Garcia Jorge , Alger Jackeline , Bishop Danett K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalaria continues to be an important health problem in Honduras despite major progress achieved reducing its incidence in the last two decades. In a context of case reduction, continuing surveillance of parasite diversity and drug resistance is an important component to assist effective malaria control strategies and support risk assessments. In this study, we employed next generation sequencing on collectedPlasmodium vivaxandP. falciparumsamples from the Hospital Escuela (University Hospital) in Honduras between 2005 and 2017. Hospital Escuela is the main public health hospital in Honduras and receives suspected malaria cases from endemic regions within the country. The resulting sequencing data was used to assess complexity of infections, parasite population structure, parasite diversity and drug resistance profiling. AllP. vivaxsamples and all autochtonousP. falciparumsamples were monoclonal and presented a low intra population diversity (π = 0.25 and 0.07, respectively). Genotyping of drug resistance markers showed that threeP. falciparumsamples presented the chloroquine resistant haplotype SVMNT onpfcrtr(positions 72–76). Epidemiological data suggested that two of these samples were imported cases from Africa whereas the third one was a local case. Three suspected imported cases (two of which were alsopfcrtmutants) presented the pfmdr1 86Y mutation that further enhances the CQ resistant genotype. No evidence was found for kelch13 artemisinin resistance associated mutations nor parasite genetic background mutations. Discriminant analysis of principal components and phylogenetic analysis showed twoP. vivaxand twoP. falciparumparasite sub-populations with limited recombination between them. It also confirmed the closer relationship of the three imported cases with African strains. Our findings showed that local HondurasP. falciparumstrains do not hold CQ resistance polymorphisms which aligns with clinical data reported by the country and supports the continuity of CQ based treatment in Honduras. In addition, our findings highlight the need of using genomic approaches to provide key information about parasite biology including drug resistance, population structure and HRP2/HRP3 deletions which are becoming relevant as the country move towards elimination.
Survival prediction in patients with colon adenocarcinoma via multiomics data integration using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Lv Jiudi , Wang Junjie , Shang Xiujuan , Liu Fangfang , Guo Shixun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study proposed a deep learning (DL) algorithm to predict survival in patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on multiomics integration. The survival-sensitive model was constructed using an autoencoder for DL implementation based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of patients with COAD. The autoencoder framework was compared with PCA, NMF, t-SNE, and univariable Cox-PH model for identifying survival-related features. The prognostic robustness of the inferred survival risk groups was validated using three independent confirmation cohorts. Differential expression analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, construction of miRNA–target gene network, and function enrichment analysis were performed. Two risk groups with significant survival differences were identified in TCGA set using the autoencoder-based model (log-rank P-value = 5.51e−07). The autoencoder framework showed superior performance compared with PCA, NMF, t-SNE, and the univariable Cox-PH model based on the C-index, log-rank P-value, and Brier score. The robustness of the classification model was successfully verified in three independent validation sets. There were 1271 differentially expressed genes, 10 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 12 hypermethylated genes between the survival risk groups. Among these, miR-133b and its target genes (GNB4, PTPRZ1, RUNX1T1, EPHA7, GPM6A, BICC1, and ADAMTS5) were used to construct a network. These genes were significantly enriched in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, and glucose metabolism-related pathways. The risk subgroups obtained through a multiomics data integration pipeline using the DL algorithm had good robustness. miR-133b and its target genes could be potential diagnostic markers. The results would assist in elucidating the possible pathogenesis of COAD.
Vorgehen und Behandlungsoptionen bei supraventrikulären Tachykardien
Authors: Boehmer Andreas A. , Rothe Moritz , Soether Christina M. , Kaess Bernhard M. , Ehrlich Joachim R. 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Klinische Merkmale Supraventrikuläre Tachykardien imponieren klinisch oft als symptomatische tachykarde Episoden mit atrialen Frequenzen > 100 Schlägen/Minute. Neben der Anamnese ist die Aufzeichnung eines 12-Kanal-EKGs während der Tachykardie entscheidend.
Diagnostisches Vorgehen Die aktuelle Leitlinie (Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, 2019) zum Management supraventrikulärer Tachykardien (SVT) trägt der Weiterentwicklung elektrophysiologischer Untersuchungs- und Ablationsmöglichkeiten seit Publikation der letzten Leitlinie von 2003 Rechnung. Insgesamt legt die Leitlinie ein starkes Augenmerk auf das korrekte Management und Erkennen von SVT im klinischen Alltag und geht nicht auf detaillierte elektrophysiologische Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsformen ein.
Indikationen der Katheterablation oder einer medikamentösen Therapie Mit der aktuellen Leitlinie erfolgt eine deutliche Aufwertung der Ablationstherapie gegenüber der medikamentösen antiarrhythmischen Therapie. Patienten mit AV-Knoten-Reentry-Tachykardie (AVNRT), Reentry- und fokalen Arrhythmien sollte die Katheterablation als erste Wahl angeboten werden. Auch die Behandlung der Tachykardiomyopathie fokussiert nunmehr primär die Ablationstherapie. Weiterhin wird die Therapie von SVT während der Schwangerschaft abgebildet und bei Notwendigkeit einer Ablation während dieser gilt die eindeutige Empfehlung zur Anwendung fluoroskopiefreier 3-D-Mappingsysteme.
Stationäre Rehabilitation nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation – Rahmenempfehlungen zur Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Ayuk Francis , Bachmann Bettina , Collier Gerhard , Hilgendorf Inken , Kalusche Eva-Maria , Kiefer-Trendelenburg Thomas , Krauth Konstantin , Kröger Nicolaus , Lotze Christian , Lellek Heinrich , Mumm Andreas , Orth Hans-Bernd , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Schmitz Jörg , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Steimann Monika , Stehr Waltraud , Stöcklein Eva-Maria , Strohscheer Imke , Uhrig Michael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie medizinische Rehabilitation nach allogener hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantation muss die Komplexität der Behandlung und mögliche Nebenwirkungen berücksichtigen. Diese interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Empfehlungen stellen einen Rahmen für die Qualitätssicherung der stationären Rehabilitation dar.
Crustal fingering facilitates free-gas methane migration through the hydrate stability zone
Authors: Fu Xiaojing , Jimenez-Martinez Joaquin , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Carey J. William , Viswanathan Hari , Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Juanes Ruben 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Widespread seafloor methane venting has been reported in many regions of the world oceans, challenging our current estimate of global carbon budget. Yet, we still do not fully understand the fundamental mechanisms by which methane gas migrates through the deep marine sediments, feeding these vents. A key challenge is the formation of methane hydrate, an ice-like solid that forms from a methane–water mixture under pressure and temperature conditions typical of deep marine settings. Here, we study the mechanics of gas percolation under hydrate-forming conditions using experiments and computational modeling. We uncover a phenomenon, which we call crustal fingering, that helps explain how, counterintuitively, hydrate formation may facilitate instead of prevent methane gas migration through deep ocean sediments.
Supervenience and Realization: Aesthetic Objects and their Properties
Authors: Watkins Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aestheticians generally agree that the aesthetic features of an object depend upon the non-aesthetic features of an object, and that this dependence can be captured by some formulation of the supervenience relation. I argue that the aesthetic depends upon the non-aesthetic in various and importantly different ways; that these dependence relations cannot be explained by supervenience; that appeals to supervenience create puzzles that aestheticians have neither fully appreciated nor resolved; and that appealing to various realization relations avoids these puzzles and allows for a richer description of how the aesthetic depends upon the non-aesthetic.
Wall teichoic acids: physiology and applications
Authors: Wu Xia , Han Jing , Gong Guoli , Koffas Mattheos A G , Zha Jian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here, we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.
On Uniqueness of ℙ-Twists
Authors: Anno Rina , Logvinenko Timothy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We prove that for any $\mathbb{P}^n$-functor all the convolutions (double cones) of the three-term complex $FHR \xrightarrow{\psi } FR \xrightarrow{{\operatorname{{\epsilon }}}} {\operatorname{Id}}$ defining its $\mathbb{P}$-twist are isomorphic. We also introduce a new notion of a non-split $\mathbb{P}^n$-functor.