bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group CBT for mild to moderate depression and anxiety: an evaluation of patient satisfaction within a primary care mental health team
Authors: Young-Southward Genevieve , Jackson Alison , Dunan Julie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the UK there has been a drive towards facilitating swift access to psychological therapies. Groups are an efficient way to provide psychological interventions to a wide range of people and are recommended treatments for mild depression and anxiety, presentations commonly seen in primary care mental health teams. Group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be clinically effective, but less is known about the acceptability of groups to patients. This study evaluated patient satisfaction with CBT groups running within a primary care mental health team in Scotland. Data from a routinely administered patient satisfaction questionnaire were collected. Likert-scale responses were analysed via frequencies and percentages, and free text responses were analysed via thematic analysis. Among those who completed a group, overall satisfaction was high. The qualitative analysis revealed that for many a group environment was therapeutic in itself, and the intervention provided service users with a range of skills with which to tackle their difficulties. However, others indicated that a group environment was unsuitable for their needs, and perceptions around the accessibility and relevance of group content were mixed. Indeed, drop-out rates were high, and perceptions of groups among those who did not attend the final session are not included in this analysis. Group dynamics may be both a facilitator of and a barrier to therapeutic benefit, depending on individual factors. Future studies could evaluate satisfaction among service users who drop out of interventions in order to inform future service delivery.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the utility of delivering CBT in a group format for mild to moderate depression and anxiety.

(2)
To understand service users’ perceptions regarding group CBT interventions via a mixed method inquiry.

(3)
To reflect on how group dynamics within group CBT may be both a facilitator of and a barrier to therapeutic benefit.
Helping clients ‘restart their engine’ – use of in-session cognitive behavioural therapy behavioural experiments for engagement and treatment in persistent depression: a case study
Authors: Skilbeck Lilian , Spanton Christopher , Roylance Ian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Behavioural experiments (BEs) are a major cognitive ingredient in the cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) model which can be applied in-session or between-sessions. In-session BEs are particularly effective and widely demonstrated in anxiety disorders, yet they remain under-utilised in depression. Clients presenting with persistent depression are often difficult to engage due to the chronicity of their symptoms and their learnt self-perpetuating demoralised states. Research to date demonstrates the effectiveness of in-session BEs in engagement and treatment in depression. This case study details the treatment of a client presenting with persistent major depressive disorder (MDD) with hopelessness and how in-session BEs effected engagement and treatment. This case study is discussed with reference to strengths, limitations, clinical implications and recommendations for practice and development.

Key learning aims
It is hoped that the reader of this case study will increase their understanding of the following:

(1)
Using BEs to help engagement and treatment in persistent MDD.

(2)
Instilling hope by starting in-session BEs during the assessment stage.

(3)
When to plan or seize opportunities for off-the-cuffin-session BEs.

(4)
Setting no-lose BEs to enable clients to widen their perceptual field.

(5)
The importance of repeated BEs to consolidate experiential learning.
Dedicated 70 MHz RF systems for hyperthermia of challenging tumor locations
Authors: Crezee Johannes , Zweije Remko , Sijbrands Jan , Kok H. Petra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHyperthermia (i.e. heating of tumor tissue to 40–43°C) is used in clinical oncology to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Many tumor sites are heated either by a single RF or MW antenna positioned on the tumor location, or by a phased array positioned around the patient. Superficial tumors are generally heated with MW antennas (434–2450 MHz) and deep-seated tumors with RF antennas (70–150 MHz). These devices cover the major, more common tumor sites, but more rare locations require more dedicated applicators. We discuss dedicated RF systems aiming for heating semi-deep-seated tumors in the leg, breast, and upper thorax. Clinical results show that adequate heating is possible with these systems, with achieved temperatures in the therapeutic range.
Varieties of populism and the challenges to Global Constitutionalism: Dangers, promises and implications
Authors: KOCH CÉDRIC M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the rise of populism and its discursive challenge to global constitutionalism (GC). It shows that populist contestation is more ambivalent than often suggested: its challenge depends on the populist variety and can both undermine or support liberal principles of GC. Building on the ideational approach to populism and a framework of transnational politicisation, a proposed typology identifies bothcommunitarian types of populismandcosmopolitan types of populism.Illustrative case studies of the Alternative for Germany, the Polish Law and Justice Party, the Democracy in Europe Movement and Peru’s Alberto Fujimori substantiate these empirically. While all cases contest a perceived lack of popular sovereignty in a largely non-majoritarian global constitutional order, varieties of populism present contrasting responses: communitarian types push for global de-constitutionalisation in line with illiberal nationalist majoritarianism, while cosmopolitan types support global constitutionalisation according to liberal and democratic principles. Further, neo-socialist populists campaign against neoliberal principles in GC, but remain divided about supporting political principles beyond the state. These findings suggest an emerging politicisation of the process of global constitutionalisation at the societal level according to principles of democratic legitimacy; and global constitutional differentiation depending on outcomes of these normatively ambivalent and empirically contingent political contests.
Control of glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn in corn resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionates
Authors: Striegel Adam , Lawrence Nevin C. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Krumm Jeffrey T. , Hein Gary , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCorn-on-corn production systems, common in highly productive irrigated fields in South Central Nebraska, can create issues with volunteer corn management in corn fields. EnlistTM corn is a new multiple herbicide–resistance trait providing resistance to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (FOPs), commonly integrated in glufosinate-resistant germplasm. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate ACCase-inhibiting herbicides for glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn control in Enlist corn and (2) evaluate the effect of ACCase-inhibiting herbicide application timing (early POST vs. late POST) on volunteer corn control, Enlist corn injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. Glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant corn harvested the year prior was cross-planted at 49,000 seeds ha–1 to mimic volunteer corn in this study. After 7 to 10 d had passed, Enlist corn was planted at 91,000 seeds ha–1. Application timing of FOPs (fluazifop, quizalofop, and fluazifop/fenoxaprop) had no effect on Enlist corn injury or yield, and provided 97% to 99% control of glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn at 28 d after treatment (DAT). Cyclohexanediones (clethodim and sethoxydim; DIMs) and phenylpyrazolin (pinoxaden; DEN) provided 84% to 98% and 65% to 71% control of volunteer corn at 28 DAT, respectively; however, the treatment resulted in 62% to 96% Enlist corn injury and 69% to 98% yield reduction. Orthogonal contrasts comparing early-POST (30-cm-tall volunteer corn) and late-POST (50-cm-tall volunteer corn) applications of FOPs were not significant for volunteer corn control, Enlist corn injury, and yield. Fluazifop, quizalofop, and fluazifop/fenoxaprop resulted in 94% to 99% control of glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn with no associated Enlist corn injury or yield loss; however, quizalofop is the only labeled product as of 2020 for control of volunteer corn in Enlist corn.
Varying responses of field-selected herbicide-resistant rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations to combinations of phorate with PPI herbicides
Authors: Brunton David J. , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganophosphate insecticides, which have the capacity to inhibit specific herbicide-degrading (cytochrome P450) enzymes, have been used to explore metabolic herbicide-resistance mechanisms in weeds. This study investigates the response of seven field-selected rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) populations to herbicides from three different sites of action in the presence or absence of the P450 inhibitor phorate. Phorate antagonized the thiocarbamate herbicides triallate and prosulfocarb (8-fold increase in LD50) in multiple resistant L. rigidum populations with resistance to three different site-of-action herbicides. In contrast, phorate synergized trifluralin and propyzamide in some populations, reducing the LD50 by 50%. Conversely, treatment with phorate had no significant effect on the LD50 for S-metolachlor or pyroxasulfone (inhibitors of very-long-chain fatty-acid synthesis). Phorate has diverse effects that are herbicide and population dependant in field-selected L. rigidum, suggesting P450 involvement in the metabolism of trifluralin and failure to activate thiocarbamate herbicides in these populations. This research highlights the need for implementation of diverse approaches other than herbicide alone as part of a long-term integrated strategy to reduce the likelihood of metabolism-based resistance to PPI herbicides in L. rigidum.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a theragnostic target for mesenchymal-type glioblastoma patients
Authors: Hua Tuyen N. M. , Oh Jiwoong , Kim Sohyun , Antonio Jayson M. , Vo Vu T. A. , Om Jiyeon , Choi Jong-Whan , Kim Jeong-Yub , Jung Chan-Woong , Park Myung-Jin , Jeong Yangsik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are characterized by four subtypes, proneural (PN), neural, classical, and mesenchymal (MES) GBMs, and they all have distinct activated signaling pathways. Among the subtypes, PN and MES GBMs show mutually exclusive genetic signatures, and the MES phenotype is, in general, believed to be associated with more aggressive features of GBM: tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting MES GBMs would improve the overall prognosis of patients with fatal tumors. In this study, we propose peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as therapeutic target for MES GBM; we used multiple approaches to assess PPARγ, including biostatistics analysis and assessment of preclinical studies. First, we found that PPARγ was exclusively expressed in MES glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), and ligand activation of endogenous PPARγ suppressed cell growth and stemness in MES GSCs. Further in vivo studies involving orthotopic and heterotopic xenograft mouse models confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of targeting PPARγ; compared to control mice, those that received ligand treatment exhibited longer survival as well as decreased tumor burden. Mechanistically, PPARγ activation suppressed proneural–mesenchymal transition (PMT) by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Biostatistical analysis using The Cancer Genomics Atlas (TCGA, n = 206) and REMBRANDT (n = 329) revealed that PPARγ upregulation is linked to poor overall survival and disease-free survival of GBM patients. Analysis was performed on prospective (n = 2) and retrospective (n = 6) GBM patient tissues, and we finally confirmed that PPARγ expression was distinctly upregulated in MES GBM. Collectively, this study provides insight into PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target for patients with MES GBM.
Ultrahigh-sensitive optical coherence elastography
Authors: Li Yan , Moon Sucbei , Chen Jason J. , Zhu Zhikai , Chen Zhongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe phase stability of an optical coherence elastography (OCE) system is the key determining factor for achieving a precise elasticity measurement, and it can be affected by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), timing jitters in the signal acquisition process, and fluctuations in the optical path difference (OPD) between the sample and reference arms. In this study, we developed an OCE system based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a common-path configuration (SS-OCECP). Our system has a phase stability of 4.2 mrad without external stabilization or extensive post-processing, such as averaging. This phase stability allows us to detect a displacement as small as ~300 pm. A common-path interferometer was incorporated by integrating a 3-mm wedged window into the SS-OCT system to provide intrinsic compensation for polarization and dispersion mismatch, as well as to minimize phase fluctuations caused by the OPD variation. The wedged window generates two reference signals that produce two OCT images, allowing for averaging to improve the SNR. Furthermore, the electrical components are optimized to minimize the timing jitters and prevent edge collisions by adjusting the delays between the trigger, k-clock, and signal, utilizing a high-speed waveform digitizer, and incorporating a high-bandwidth balanced photodetector. We validated the SS-OCECP performance in a tissue-mimicking phantom and an in vivo rabbit model, and the results demonstrated a significantly improved phase stability compared to that of the conventional SS-OCE. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrated the first SS-OCECP system, which possesses high-phase stability and can be utilized to significantly improve the sensitivity of elastography.
Genome sequence of Gossypium herbaceum and genome updates of Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium hirsutum provide insights into cotton A-genome evolution
Authors: Huang Gai , Wu Zhiguo , Percy Richard G. , Bai Mingzhou , Li Yang , Frelichowski James E. , Hu Jiang , Wang Kun , Yu John Z. , Zhu Yuxian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUpon assembling the firstGossypium herbaceum(A1) genome and substantially improving the existingGossypium arboreum(A2) andGossypium hirsutum((AD)1) genomes, we showed that all existing A-genomes may have originated from a common ancestor, referred to here as A0, which was more phylogenetically related to A1than A2. Further, allotetraploid formation was shown to have preceded the speciation of A1and A2. Both A-genomes evolved independently, with no ancestor–progeny relationship. Gaussian probability density function analysis indicates that several long-terminal-repeat bursts that occurred from 5.7 million years ago to less than 0.61 million years ago contributed compellingly to A-genome size expansion, speciation and evolution. Abundant species-specific structural variations in genic regions changed the expression of many important genes, which may have led to fiber cell improvement in (AD)1. Our findings resolve existing controversial concepts surrounding A-genome origins and provide valuable genomic resources for cotton genetic improvement.
Comparing Tense and Agreement Productivity in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome, Children With Developmental Language Disorder, and Children With Typical Development
Authors: Hilvert Elizabeth , Hoover Jill , Sterling Audra , Schroeder Susen 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study compared and characterized the tense and agreement productivity of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and children with typical development (TD) matched on mean length of utterance.MethodTwenty-two boys with FXS (Mage= 12.22 years), 19 children with DLD (Mage= 4.81 years), and 20 children with TD (Mage= 3.23 years) produced language samples that were coded for their productive use of five tense markers (i.e., third-person singular, past tense–ed, copulaBE, auxiliaryBE, and auxiliaryDO) using the tense and agreement productivity score. Children also completed norm-referenced cognitive and linguistic assessments.ResultsChildren with DLD generally used tense and agreement markers less productively than children with TD, particularly third-person singular and auxiliaryBE. However, boys with FXS demonstrated a more complicated pattern of productivity, where they were similar to children with DLD and TD, depending on the tense marker examined. Results revealed that children with DLD and TD showed a specific developmental sequence of the individual tense markers that aligns with patterns documented by previous studies, whereas boys with FXS demonstrated a more even profile of productivity.ConclusionsThese findings help to further clarify areas of overlap and discrepancy in tense and agreement productivity among boys with FXS and children with DLD. Additional clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Peer-Mediated Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Limited to No Spoken Communication
Authors: Bourque Kathy S. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Increasingly, research has identified effective approaches to improve communication and social engagement of preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with limited spoken communication during interactions with peer partners. These include teaching peers to use the same augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system, along with direct instruction (Thiemann-Bourque et al.,
2018
). The purpose of this research note is to summarize the author's contributions to this literature and provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to support communicative interactions between children with ASD and peers without disabilities.

Method
This research note describes a series of studies conducted by the author and her colleagues with a focus on peer-mediated and direct AAC instructional approaches, defining target skills and how to measure effects on children's social communication competence, and the potential benefits of integrating approaches for preschool children with ASD who have significant social and communication needs.

Results
Outcomes summarized include fidelity of treatment implementation, improved rates of augmented and spoken communication, increased functional communication using different modalities, and enhanced reciprocal communication between children with ASD and peers during routine activities. Study limitations and directions for future intervention research are also discussed.

Conclusions
Together, the research reviewed shows that peers can be taught to be responsive AAC communication partners at a young age, with high fidelity of strategy implementation by peers and by speech-language pathologists or other early intervention staff. Providing children with increased social learning opportunities within the context of shared AAC activities allows both partners to become more competent in their social communicative interactions.
Spectrophotometric calibration of low-resolution spectra
Authors: Weiler M. , Carrasco J. M. , Fabricius C. , Jordi C. 
Published: April 2020

Context. Low-resolution spectroscopy is a frequently used technique. Aperture prism spectroscopy in particular is an important tool for large-scale survey observations. The ongoing ESA space mission Gaia is the currently most relevant example.
Aims. In this work we analyse the fundamental limitations of the calibration of low-resolution spectrophotometric observations and introduce a calibration method that avoids simplifying assumptions on the smearing effects of the line spread functions.
Methods. To this aim, we developed a functional analytic mathematical formulation of the problem of spectrophotometric calibration. In this formulation, the calibration process can be described as a linear mapping between two suitably constructed Hilbert spaces, independently of the resolution of the spectrophotometric instrument.
Results. The presented calibration method can provide a formally unusual but precise calibration of low-resolution spectrophotometry with non-negligible widths of line spread functions. We used the Gaia spectrophotometric instruments to demonstrate that the calibration method of this work can potentially provide a significantly better calibration than methods neglecting the smearing effects of the line spread functions.
Submillimetre water masers at 437, 439, 471, and 474 GHz towards evolved stars
Authors: Bergman P. , Humphreys E. M. L. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. Here we aim to characterise submillimetre water masers at 437, 439, 471, and 474 GHz towards a sample of evolved stars.
Methods. We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX1) to observe submillimetre water transitions and the CO (4–3) line towards 11 evolved stars. The sample included semi-regular and Mira variables, plus a red supergiant star. We performed radiative transfer modelling for the water masers. We also used the CO observations to determine mass loss rates for the stars.
Results. From the sample of 11 evolved stars, 7 display one or more of the masers at 437, 439, 471, and 474 GHz. We therefore find that these masers are common in evolved star circumstellar envelopes. The fact that the maser lines are detected near the stellar velocity indicates that they are likely to originate from the inner circumstellar envelopes of our targets. We tentatively link the presence of masers to the degree of variability of the target star, that is, masers are more likely to be present in Mira variables than in semi-regular variables. We suggest that this indicates the importance of strong shocks in creating the necessary conditions for the masers. Typically, the 437 GHz line is the strongest maser line observed among those studied here. We cannot reproduce the above finding in our radiative transfer models. In general, we find that maser emission is very sensitive to dust temperature in the lines studied here. To produce strong maser emission, the dust temperature must be significantly lower than the gas kinetic temperature. In addition to running grids of models in order to determine the optimum physical conditions for strong masers in these lines, we performed smooth wind modelling for which we cannot reproduce the observed line shapes. This also suggests that the masers must originate predominantly from the inner envelopes.