bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emission Characteristic of a Dual fuel Compression Ignition Engine Operating on Diesel + Hydrogen & Diesel + HHO gas with same Energy Share at Idling Condition
Authors: Subramanian Balaji , Venugopal T , Feroskhan M , Sivakumar R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Clean burning nature and renewability of hydrogen makes it viable and alternative / supplementary fuel for utilization in IC engine. In the past two decades, researchers have gained interest in using hydrogen in Internal combustion (IC) engines. Electrolysis is the widely used technique for production of hydrogen. The effect on emission parameters of using hydrogen and HHO gas in a dual fuel engine at idling condition was focused in this research work. HHO gas was synthesized from stored cylinders of hydrogen & oxygen in 2:1 ratio. The mixture of H2 and O2 are produced in stoichiometric ratio similar to electrolysis of water. Effect of introduction of hydrogen gas and stimulated HHO gas on emission characters such as unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke of the engine were noted at idling condition (1700 rpm). Engine was supplied with 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 LPM of hydrogen and 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 LPM of HHO gas where the composition of mixture was maintained in the ratio of 2:1 and energy supplied by Hydrogen and HHO gas remains same. Introduction of hydrogen and HHO gas has reduced the total diesel fuel consumption and formation of CO2 at all operating condition than neat diesel operation. There was slight increase in UHC emission with hydrogen and by substituting HHO gas the UHC emission was reduced.
Effects of butanol blending ratio in biogas-biodiesel dual fuel engine
Authors: Neeraj Bandi Raj , Tharundeep K , Dinesh Kumar M , Deveshwaran S , Bommisetty Ankith , Gobinath N , Feroskhan M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By the rise in population, the usage of non-renewable fuels is increasing. It led to the depletion of fossil fuels and other environmental issues. Reducing the usage of fossil fuel, enhancing performance and reducing emissions are the key areas in this research. In this experiment, a conventional single cylinder CI engine is used in dual fuel mode. In dual fuel mode, biogas is used as primary fuel and biodiesel (Palm oil) with various butanol blending ratios (10%, 20% and 30%) is used as pilot fuel. Various properties like flash and fire point, cloud and pour point, viscosity, density, calorific values are measured. Biogas flow rate and applied load are varied for each blending ratio. The effects of load, butanol blending ratio and biogas flow rate on BTE, BSFC, HC, CO and NOx emissions are analyzed and compared with diesel-only mode. Biodiesel with 30% butanol blend in dual fuel mode shows better brake thermal efficiency at 12 lpm flow rates. All test cases prove 12 lpm is better than 16 lpm biogas flow rates. Increase in biogas flow rate reduces NOx emissions. However, it increases HC and CO emissions. And this investigation proposes to intervene in the dual fuel biogas-biodiesel engine at 12 lpm biogas rate of flow.
Community Energy Sharing in a Microgrid Architecture with Energy Storage and Renewable Energy Support
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Parvathy A.K. , Priyadarshini S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The increase in the number of installed renewable energy in a residential network needs an efficient energy management system (EMS) to store or sell the surplus energy back to the grid during the surplus generation. Selling of power back to the grid can affect the reliability of the traditional grid system, to avoid this energy sharing is proposed to share the surplus energy with close neighbours to avoid the transmission loss and increase the utilization rate of renewable energy. In this paper, we use the cyber-physical system (CPS) to coordinate the neighbours and to collect data from all the homes using the smart meters. The system’s objective is to reduce the grid cost and to benefit each home which shares the energy. This system reduces the need for a huge energy storage system (ESS) which is a major capital cost during the installation. We adopt a scheduling algorithm to manage the loads during the shortage of supply and flexibility in scheduling the loads helps to improve energy management without disturbing the user comfort. The whole model is validated with an experimental setup in the university as a part of the MNRE Funded Project.
Simulation of Electric Vehicle using Scilab for Formula Student Application
Authors: Dubey Manu , Bhardwaj Saksham , Harish R. , Shyam Kumar M.B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The principal objective of this research is development of a formula student electric vehicle and its performance analysis using model based simulation using Scilab. This project focuses on determining the technical parameters needed for electric vehicle designing using simulation tools currently available in market. Simulations are carried out using Optimum Lap and Scilab. Dynamic simulations of electric vehicles are conducted using this software for comparative study of different components which can affect the performance of the vehicle. Initially, lap simulation of vehicle is conducted based on various motors available in market using Optimum Lap to record speed, lap time, torque and energy consumption, this data is very crucial while selection of motor for the vehicle. Motors available in the market will be simulated and compared based on their energy consumption and voltage required. After selection of motor different battery cells will be compared based on their technical specifications to design a battery pack. Motor and battery will then be analysed using electric vehicle model created in Scilab to record the performance of the formula student electric vehicle. This project will guide students for selection of motor and battery for their car based on simulated data rather than actually buying and testing these components to save time and money.
Numerical Investigation of double pipe heat exchanger with different nanofluids
Authors: Naik Bharat , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M , Thomas Merwyn , Dasurkar Kshitij , Alloli Omkar , Hussain Fayaz , Madlool N.A. , Alloli Mahalaxmi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study represents an enhancement of heat transfer using different nanofluids containing nanoparticles (Al2O3, Cu, Ag, TiO2, SiO2, Fe) Volume fraction (0.02≤ϕ≤0.05). Numerical simulations are conducted using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and the model is generated using Solid works. The governing equations are solved using a SIMPLE technique and discretized using finite volume approach. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with the increase of the flow rates, also it has been observed that heat transfer rate increases with increase of operating temperature and also by the concentration of nanoparticles.
Building bricks with PCM inserts for Passive cooling applications
Authors: Anfas Mukram T , Daniel Joseph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The vital predicament that mankind will face in near future is the deficiency of energy. Heavy dependency of fossil fuels for driving the systems make the problem too complex by adding the Green House Gas (GHG) emission also. Across the sphere, consumption pattern confirms the major role of building sector, mostly for space conditioning application. Passive cooling by Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage is well-established method. In this work commercially available Phase Change Material (PCM) is used for latent heat storage. The PCM is inserted in the brick cavity. The performance of two types of PCM insert is compared, ie, macro encapsulation at the middle of the brick and microencapsulation near the outer wall of the brick. The results show that, the centrally encapsulated brick performs better in heating cycle, but during night time the heat entry into the living space is more. The micro encapsulation at offset to the wall side justifies for the night use.
Use of digital correlation techniques for investigating behaviour of geothermal driven piles
Authors: Sreelakshmi G , Asha M. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Geothermal energy has established its huge potential as renewable source of energy for general building establishments. A key feature here is the use of energy piles which serve as major energy exchange system which is sustainable and low-cost. Energy piles are basically driven precast piles employed to provide structural support to structures and act as heat exchange units to provide heating / cooling to buildings. The behaviour of energy piles is influenced by temperature, physical and engineering properties of soil. However, uncertainty still exists at pile soil interface irrespective of its heating or cooling conditions. The present study examines the suitability of using digital correlation technique (DIC) namely GeoPIV-RG software to study the soil deformation at pile soil interface in sandy soil. A rectangular test tank made of steel with a size of 60 × 20 × 45 cm is used for experimental studies. Hollow half section aluminum piles closed at the ends with two different pile length to outer pile diameter ratios viz., 10 and 15 of same flexural rigidity are used for the experimental studies. The piles are subjected to sustained loading simulated through Universal testing machine and movements of soil around the pile are captured using a digital camera. The image analysis software named GeoPIV-RG is used to determine the shear strains and soil displacements. Analysis of results indicated that this technique could capture deformation characteristics and surface heave formation in the surrounding infill medium.
Solar PV Application in Industrial Conveyor System
Authors: Prithvi Raj Pedapati , Pochont Nitin R , Ravi Teja K. M. V. , Deepak Kumar G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research focuses on converting a conventional electromechanical motor into a solar powered electromechanical motor for the application in material handling systems in industries. As conveyors are the prime movers for in handling raw materials from mines covering a major area, an effort has been made in incorporating this advantage of open entity to solar energy application. With research considered, the upper cover of the conveyer system has been replaced by implementing standalone solar panels with suitable capacity which can assist and propel the conveyor motor. The results portray a positive output in terms of energy efficiency and cost analysis.
Structural model of the shadow market of addictive products in urban and rural settlements of Russian Federation
Authors: Yu Skokov R , Ivanova N V , Korobeynikov D A , Panov A A , Tokarev K E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The problem of shady activity in the markets of addictive goods is in the focus of public attention and authorities, especially in rural areas, where the most used are home-made alcohol and counterfeit alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, the abuse of which causes significant damage to the social and economic development of territories. The specifics of the content and structure of shadow activity in the markets of addictive goods are determined. It is established that the shadow sector is initiated from the supply and demand side, for the assessment of which a methodology has been developed and implemented that includes groups of indicators of unrecorded, informal, hidden economic activity of supply entities and hidden demand for “dual-use” goods. It is shown that the digitization of state regulation of the alcohol market did not reduce the shadow sector, but led to a change in its structure. To reduce consumption of goods “dual use” is recommended to control the movement of raw materials for the production of alcohol-containing liquids, turn to potentially addictive goods components, precluding their use for destructive purpose, pharmacies alcohol-containing medications in prescription and limit vacation “in one hand”, enter the time limit sales, to introduce excise duties on alcohol-containing products of medical appointment at the level of the vodka excise taxes. International and domestic standards for measuring the informal economy need to expand the scope of economic transactions related to the consumption of goods for other purposes.
Wheeled tractors in the agricultural machine-tractor aggregates work efficiency opportunities
Authors: Nekhoroshev D D , Nekhoroshev D A , Konovalov P V , Yu Popov A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImproving the machine-tractor aggregate stability and performance is to create conditions for smooth regulation of the translational speed and the formation of traction resistance, depending on the kinematic parameters of the engine-transmission installation. Performing this task requires a phased solution. The first stage in the implementation of this task is to form a transition process from a stepwise change in translational speed to stepless one, which will provide the opportunity to coordinate the kinematic parameters of the agricultural implement working body and the tractor translational speed to create optimal operating conditions for the machine-tractor aggregate. This will protect the transmission from vibrations arising in the engine and transmission design, which will be significantly reduced due to special devices with elastic - damping properties, which will stabilize the loading conditions and dynamic loading of the machine-tractor aggregate transmission. The presence of elastic devices various types located in the structure of the transmission, mounted or trailed devices that generate traction on the tractor hook, reduce dynamic loads in all the transmission nodes. The ability to most effectively reduce dynamic loads provides an elastic pneumohydraulic element, which has the ability to control the optimal parameters in a wide range of elastic properties.
Effect of material positioning on fatigue life of the friction stir processed dissimilar joints
Authors: Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The investigation on the fatigue behavior of the friction stir processed (FSPed) dissimilar joint is reported in this work. The main focus was to analyze the influence of material positioning on the fatigue life of the joint. The 1pass friction stir processing technique was applied on the friction stir welded AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 dissimilar joints (AA8011/AA6082 means AA8011 on the advancing side, AA6082/AA8011 means AA6082 on the advancing side). The friction stir processing was conducted under normal conditions (room temperature). The samples were prepared for different analyses using waterjet cutter technology. The tests conducted include tensile, microstructural analysis, microhardness, fatigue, and fracture surface morphology. The microstructural analysis revealed a correlation between material positioning and grain sizes. There was a notable decrease in grain size when AA6082 was positioned on the advancing side during processing. The tensile properties of the FSPed AA6082/AA8011 joint were found to be higher compared to the AA8011/AA6082 joint. The AA6082/AA8011 joint was found to be more ductile compared to the AA8011/AA6082 joint. The stir zone microhardness values for the AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 joints were found to be approximately 68HV and 73HV, respectively. The fatigue strength of AA6082/AA8011 was found to be higher compared to that of AA8011/AA6082.
The influence of excessive H2 during barrier growth on InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Yangfeng , Yan Shen , Junhui Die , Hu Xiaotao , Song Yimeng , Deng Zhen , Du Chunhua , Wang Wenqi , Ma Ziguang , Wang Lu , Jia Haiqiang , Wang Wenxin , Zhou Junming , Jiang Yang , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The influence of excessive H2 flow during barrier growth on optical and electrical properties of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated in this study. The room temperature photoluminescence of LEDs decays with excessive H2 treatment. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) reveals an increase of the density and a decrease of the activation energy of deep non-radiative recombination centers in the H2 treated LEDs. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the LEDs suffers from excessive H2 treatment. The leakage current on the reverse and forward sides of the LEDs are reduced significantly when treated with H2, which may be due to the suppressed Poole–Frenkel effect.
A simplified method of measuring thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 nanomembrane
Authors: Zheng Yixiong , Seo Jung-Hun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we report a simplified method to measure thermal conductivity from the typical Raman thermometry method by employing a much simpler dispersion relationship equation and the Debye function, instead of solving the heat equation. Unlike the typical Raman thermometry method, our new method only requires monitoring of the temperature-dependent Raman mode shifting without considering laser power-dependent Raman mode shifting. Thus, this new calculation method offers a simpler way to calculate the thermal conductivity of materials with great precision. As a model system, the β-Ga2O3 nanomembrane (NM) on a diamond substrate was prepared to measure thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 NMs at different thicknesses (100 nm, 1000 nm, and 4000 nm). Furthermore, the phonon penetration depth was investigated to understand how deep phonons can be dispersed in the sample so as to guide the dimensional design parameter of the device from the thermal management perspective.
Effects of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Program on Work Productivity: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Shaffer Kelly M , Finkelstein Eric A , Camacho Fabian , Ingersoll Karen S , Thorndike Frances , Ritterband Lee M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) may improve productivity along with insomnia symptoms, but the long-term duration of productivity gains is unknown.

Purpose
In this secondary analysis, effects of Internet-delivered CBT-I on work-related and daily activity productivity were examined through 1 year post-treatment.

Methods
Adults with chronic insomnia (N = 303) were randomized to Internet-delivered CBT-I (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet [SHUTi]) or to patient education (PE). Participants reported interference with attendance (absenteeism) and productivity (presenteeism) at paid employment and in daily activities outside work on the Work Productivity Activity Impairment scale at baseline, 9 weeks later for postintervention assessment (post-assessment), and 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

Results
Participants randomized to SHUTi were about 50% less likely than those in the PE condition to report any absenteeism (logistic regression odds ratio [OR] = 0.48 [95% confidence intervals {CI} = 0.24,0.96]), total impairment (OR = 0.52 [95% CI = 0.29,0.93]), or activity impairment (OR = 0.50 [95% CI = 0.30,0.85]) at post-assessment; however, differences were not detected at 6- or 12-month follow-ups. SHUTi participants also reported lower overall levels of presenteeism (constrained longitudinal data analysis MDiff = −6.84 [95% CI = −11.53, −2.15]), total impairment (MDiff = −7.62 [95% CI = −12.50, −2.73]), and activity impairment (MDiff = −7.47 [95% CI = −12.68, −2.26]) at post-assessment relative to PE participants. Differences were sustained at 6-month follow-up for presenteeism (MDiff = −5.02 [95% CI = −9.94, −0.10]) and total impairment (MDiff = −5.78 [95% CI = −10.91, −0.65]). No differences were detected by 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that Internet-based CBT-I may help accelerate improvement in work-related and daily activity impairment corroborating prior research, but did not find that CBT-I has persistent, long-term benefits in productivity relative to basic insomnia education.

Trial Registration
NCT00328250 “Effectiveness of Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Treating Insomnia” (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00328250).
Dynamics and Dispersal of Local Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemics Within San Diego and Across the San Diego–Tijuana Border
Authors: Vrancken Bram , Mehta Sanjay R , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , García-Morales Claudia , Tapia-Trejo Daniela , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Navarro-Álvarez Samuel , Little Susan J , Hoenigl Martin , Pines Heather A , Patterson Thomas , Strathdee Steffanie A , Smith Davey M , Dellicour Simon , Chaillon Antoine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Evolutionary analyses of well-annotated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence data can provide insights into viral transmission patterns and associated factors. Here, we explored the transmission dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B epidemic across the San Diego (US) and Tijuana (Mexico) border region to identify factors that could help guide public health policy.

Methods
HIV pol sequences were collected from people with HIV in San Diego County and Tijuana between 1996–2018. A multistep phylogenetic approach was used to characterize the dynamics of spread. The contributions of geospatial factors and HIV risk group to the local dynamics were evaluated.

Results
Phylogeographic analyses of the 2034 sequences revealed an important contribution of local transmission in sustaining the epidemic, as well as a complex viral migration network across the region. Geospatial viral dispersal between San Diego communities occurred predominantly among men who have sex with men, with central San Diego being the main source (34.9%) and recipient (39.5%) of migration events. HIV migration was more frequent from San Diego county towards Tijuana than vice versa. Migrations were best explained by the driving time between locations.

Conclusions
The US-Mexico border may not be a major barrier to the spread of HIV, which may stimulate coordinated transnational intervention approaches. Whereas a focus on central San Diego has the potential to avert most spread, the substantial viral migration independent of central San Diego shows that county-wide efforts will be more effective. Combined, this work shows that epidemiological information gleaned from pathogen genomes can uncover mechanisms that underlie sustained spread and, in turn, can be a building block of public health decision-making.
The Effect of Prior Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Treatment on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Susceptibility and Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jiuyang , Teng Yaqun , Shang Lianhan , Gu Xiaoying , Fan Guohui , Chen Yijun , Tian Ran , Zhang Shuyang , Cao Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There have been arguments on whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment alters the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and disease severity. We identified a total of 102 eligible studies for systematic review, in which 49 studies adjusting for confounders were included in the meta-analysis. We found no association between prior ACEI/ARB use and risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the general population (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], .94–1.05). The risk of mortality (aOR, .87; 95% CI, .66–1.04) and severe outcomes (aOR, .95; 95% CI, .73–1.24) were also unchanged among COVID-19 patients taking ACEIs/ARBs. These findings remained consistent in subgroup analyses stratified by populations, drug exposures, and other secondary outcomes. This systematic review provides evidence-based support to current medical guidelines and position statements that ACEIs/ARBs should not be discontinued. Additionally, there has been no evidence for initiating ACEI/ARB regimen as prevention or treatment of COVID-19.