bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydispersity‐Driven Printing of Conformal Solid Metal Traces on Non‐Adhering Biological Surfaces
Authors: Martin Andrew , Du Chuanshen , Pauls Alana M. , Ward Thomas , Thuo Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetals and organics possess two very dissimilar surface energies, hence, do not naturally adhere to each other. This incompatibility is exacerbated by surface roughness yet advances in wearables and bioelectronics call for their integration. Mesoscale mechanical bonds, however, transcend the necessities of surface energy matching while taking advantage of surface texture. Herein, transient carrier fluids, particle size polydispersity, and capillary‐driven autonomous size‐sorting are exploited to conformally jam undercooled liquid metal particles on textured soft substrate. The well packed undercooled metal particles are then chemically activated to induce phase change, leading to a solid electrically conductive metal trace. Static and dynamic deposition of the particles is amenable to this surface‐templated printing of conductive traces. This process allows for printing across surfaces with varying surface features like on the brain, on paper (asymmetric porosity), or across smooth and rough brain sections. By tuning particle size and slurry concentration, good particle packing is demonstrated on a multi‐scale rough surface like a rose flower. This printing method is therefore compatible with delicate (low modulus), heat sensitive, and textured substrates hence compatible with biological tissues and organic substrates.
Relation Between Resistance Drift and Optical Gap in Phase Change Materials
Authors: Martinez Jose C. , Simpson Robert E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe optical contrast in a phase change material is concomitant with its structural transition. These two are connected by first recognizing that Friedel oscillations couple electrons propagating in opposite directions and supply an additional Coulomb energy. As the crystal switches phase, this energy acquires time dependence and the Landau‐Zener mechanism operates, steering population transfer from the valence to the conduction band and vice versa. Spectroscopy suggests that the oscillator energy E0 dominates the optical properties and a calculation involving the crystalline field and spin–orbit interaction yields good estimates for E0 of both structural phases. Further analysis relates the optical gap with the crystalline‐field energy as well as activation energy for electrical conduction. This last property characterizes the amorphous phase, thereby furnishing a link between the crystalline field and the activation energy and ultimately with the resistance drift exponent. Providing optical means to quantify resistance drift in phase‐change materials (PCMs) could circumvent the need for fabricating expensive devices and performing time consuming measurements.
Review of Signal Processing Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms for Power Quality Analysis
Authors: Rahul  
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe issue of power quality (PQ) has become more prominent over the last few decades as the demand of clean and high quality power is increasing around the globe. The effect of power quality disturbances on the equipment most of the time is very destructive, usually generates disruptions, which consecutively affects the other load connected to the power systems. The main purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of various power quality analysis techniques such as heuristic optimization, signal processing, machine learning, neural networks, artificial intelligence, and hardware implementation, so that a brief overview will be presented to the researcher and power engineers working in the field of power quality. Additionally, a comparative analysis is also reported on various methods based on several criteria including timing and accuracy, use of industrial and non‐industrial data set, noisy and noiseless conditions, and finally single and multiple power quality events for analysis. More than 200 research publications are included for analysis and listed in reference so that it will be easy for the researcher in the domain of power quality to explore the possibility of further improvement in this field.
Trends in Low‐Temperature Combustion Derived Thin Films for Solution‐Processed Electronics
Authors: Pujar Pavan , Gandla Srinivas , Gupta Dipti , Kim Sunkook , Kim Myung‐Gil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAppreciable advancement of low‐temperature combustion processing brings a step closer to the fulfillment of large‐area, flexible electronics. The maximum temperature of deposition is successfully reduced below the softening temperature of the polymeric substrates. The method embodies the incorporation of fuel‐ and oxidizer‐ligands in the precursor, which leads to an exothermic reaction resulting in low‐temperature conversion and/or densification of the metal oxide thin films. A series of electrically conducting, semiconducting, and high permittivity dielectric metal oxides are deposited on varied substrates, including flexible plastic substrates, such as polyimide and aromatic polyester. The combustion processing is efficient in depositing metal, metal oxide, metal–metal oxide composite thin films at considerably low temperatures. In addition, the combustible precursors are considered compatible with diverse solution deposition methods such as spin coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, and blade coating. The combustion processed metal oxide thin films have the potential to exhibit acceptable device performance of thin film transistors, solar cells, gas sensors, organic light emitting diodes, and so on. The present review not only covers the on‐going research in solution combustion‐based deposition, but also discusses potential of the various devices with combustion‐derived thin films of functional oxides as active/passive components.
Optical Monitoring of the Resistive States of a Polyaniline‐Based Memristive Device
Authors: Lapkin Dmitry A. , Korovin Alexey N. , Malakhov Sergey N. , Emelyanov Andrey V. , Demin Vyacheslav A. , Erokhin Victor V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic memristive devices are of great interest nowadays due to their low costs, flexibility, and prospects of use in artificial neuromorphic systems. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive and electrochemically active polymer and a promising material for redox‐gated memristive devices. In this work, the electrochromic properties of PANI are utilized for spatially resolved mapping of electrochemical reactions in the active zone of a model PANI‐based device. The observed nonuniform propagation of the reaction front defines the difference in the kinetics of the device while switching from the low‐ to high‐resistance state and vice versa. This study both reveals the mechanism of resistive switching in redox‐gated memristive elements and offers a novel nondestructive method for monitoring the resistive state of PANI‐based memristive devices.
Point‐of‐care Ultrasound–guided Central Venous Catheter Confirmation in Ultrasound Nonexperts
Authors: Ablordeppey Enyo A. , Drewry Anne M. , Anderson Adam L. , Casali Diego , Wallace Laura A. , Kane Deborah S. , Tian LinLin , House Stacey L. , Fuller Brian M. , Griffey Richard T. , Theodoro Daniel L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that chest radiography (CXR) following central venous catheter (CVC) placement is unnecessary when point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is used to confirm catheter position and exclude pneumothorax. However, few providers have adopted this practice, and it is unknown what contributing factors may play a role in this lack of adoption, such as ultrasound experience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS to confirm CVC position and exclude a pneumothorax after brief education and training of nonexperts.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study in a single academic medical center to determine the diagnostic characteristics of a POCUS‐guided CVC confirmation protocol after brief training performed by POCUS nonexperts. POCUS nonexperts (emergency medicine senior residents and critical care fellows) independently performed a POCUS‐guided CVC confirmation protocol after a 30‐minute didactic training. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the POCUS‐guided CVC confirmation protocol for malposition and pneumothorax detection. Secondary outcomes were efficiency and feasibility of adequate image acquisition, adjudicated by POCUS experts.ResultsTwenty‐six POCUS nonexperts collected data on 190 patients in the final analysis. There were five (2.5%) CVC malpositions and six (3%) pneumothoraxes on CXR. The positive likelihood ratios of POCUS for malposition detection and pneumothorax were 12.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.26 to 46.69) and 3.41 (95% CI = 0.51 to 22.76), respectively. The accuracy of POCUS for pneumothorax detection compared to CXR was 0.93 (95% CI = 0.88 to 0.96) and the sensitivity was 0.17 (95% CI = 0.00 to 0.64). The median (interquartile range) time for CVC confirmation was lower for POCUS (9 minutes [8.5–9.5 minutes]) compared to CXR (29 minutes [1–269 minutes]; Mann‐Whitney U, p < 0.01). Adequate protocol image acquisition was achieved in 76% of the patients.ConclusionThirty‐minute training of POCUS in nonexperts demonstrates adequate diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and feasibility of POCUS‐guided CVC position confirmation, but not exclusion of pneumothorax.
Biomass and nutrient accumulation and partitioning of fall‐winter safflower in a double‐cropping system of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Guidorizzi Fernando V. C. , Soratto Rogério P. , Silva Mariana M. , Pinto Lohan O. G. , Fernandes Adalton M. , Souza Emerson F. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe quantification of nutrient uptake and partitioning during crop cultivation, as well as nutrients removed at harvest, are essential information to optimize nutrient management. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, to examine the biomass accumulation and nutritional requirements and removal of two safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes cultivated in the fall‐winter season of a double‐cropping system. Seven plant samplings were performed during the growing season, and the material was divided into stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. Seed yield and nutrient removal were determined at harvest. Safflower genotypes had similar 2‐yr average biomass accumulations and seed yields. There were greater plant growth and nutrient uptake from stem elongation to seed filling, compared to the other growth stages. The maximum rates of nutrient uptake were observed near the flowering stage. On average, a maximum uptake of 169 kg N, 16 kg P, 178 kg K, 121 kg Ca, 16 kg Mg, 15 kg S, 130 g Cu, 3298 g Fe, 420 g Mn, and 351 g Zn per hectare were required to produce about 10,500 and 1,400 kg ha−1 of aboveground biomass and seeds, respectively. Relative to the maximum aboveground nutrient accumulation, seeds contained 28% of P, 24% of N, 22% of Zn, 16% of Cu, 11% of Mg, 10% of S, 6% of K, 5% of Mn, 4% of Ca, and 4% of Fe. These quantifications of biomass and nutrient accumulation and partitioning in each growth stage of fall‐winter safflower can be used as guidelines for fertilizer recommendations for this crop in double‐cropping systems.
Vertical rotary sub‐soiling affects soil moisture characteristics and potato water utilization
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Cheng , Ma Yi‐Fan , Yu Xian‐Feng , Hou Hui‐Zhi , Wang Hong‐Li , Fang Yan‐Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVertical rotary sub‐soiling (VRT) has potential to increase potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields in semiarid rainfed area. However, despite the importance of this food crop, little research had been done on this topic. We describe results from a field experiment carried out during 2016–2017 in a semiarid area (104°36′E, 35°35′N), where potato crop was grown in a field with three tillage treatments: (a) vertical rotary sub‐soiling to a depth of 40 cm (VRT), (b) sub‐soiling to a depth of 40 cm (SS), and (c) traditional rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm (TT as control). The results showed that the VRT decreased soil bulk density by 0.8–22.2 and 13.3–25.3% compared with SS and TT, respectively, leading to increased porosity (by 12.5–14.8 and 12.3–23.7%) and saturation water content (by 23.7–33.2 and 25.6–59.0%), together with reduced water content at wilting point (by 12.5–23.4 and 11.4–23.4%). This was equivalent to 23.7–33.2 and 25.2–59.0% increase in soil maximum available water (SMAW) of the soil profile down to 40‐cm depth compared with SS and TT, respectively. The increased SMAW resulted in increased tuber yield by 156.8 and 47.8%, corresponding increases in water use efficiency by 92.3 and 19.2% in 2016 compared with SS and TT, respectively. The similar results were observed in 2017. Our results demonstrate that VRT was an effective technology to further increase water use efficiency and crop yield on top of plastic film mulching in semiarid rainfed area.
Response of nitrogen redistribution to irrigation at jointing in winter wheat
Authors: Wu Baojian , Shang Yunqiu , Wang Sen , Hu Xinhui , Zhang Rui , Zhang Baojun , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo explore the effect of irrigation at the jointing stage on nitrogen (N) redistribution after flowering and productivity effects of water and N in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a 2‐yr field experiment was conducted between 2015 and 2017. Three irrigation regimes were designed as follows: rain‐fed (W0), irrigation at jointing and 7 d after flowering (W1), and irrigation at 7 d after flowering (W2). Compared with W2, W1 increased spike number, kernels per spike, and N and dry matter (DM) accumulation at flowering; delayed the senescence of flag leaves after flowering; increased the flag leaf photosynthetic rate, redistribution of N and DM from vegetative organs to grains in the middle and late grain filling stages, and grain yield; and decreased N and DM redistribution and grain weight during early grain development. This may be the reason why the N uptake efficiency and N productive efficiency were higher, whereas the productivities of water and N had no significant difference, and even water productivity was lower under W1 than W2. Therefore, on the basis of suitable water supply from jointing to flowering, achieving a high N and DM accumulation at flowering and high kernels per spike, if the grain development can be accelerated earlier and the redistribution of N and DM can be promoted, it is expected to further improve the productivities of water and N.
Properties of supercritical N2, O2, CO2, and NH3 mixtures from the virial equation of state
Authors: Gokul Navneeth , Schultz Andrew J. , Kofke David A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report virial coefficients up to sixth order in density for N2, O2, NH3, and CO2, covering temperatures from 50 to 1,000 K. The reported values include coefficients and their first three temperature derivatives, for the pure species as well as all of those needed to evaluate full composition dependence of mixtures formed from any or all of these compounds. The values are obtained by calculation of appropriate cluster integrals using Mayer sampling Monte Carlo, with intermolecular interactions described by the Transferable Potential for Phase Equilibria (TraPPE) force field. All coefficients are fit as a function of temperature, yielding a thermodynamic model with analytic dependence on temperature, density, and composition. The coefficients and properties computed from them are compared to experimental data where available.
Demographic and clinical features and subsectoral differences in occupational contact allergens in clothing manufacturing workers
Authors: Tas Betul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic data on the occurrence of contact dermatitis (CD) and the contact allergens involved in clothing manufacturing and its subsectors are scarce. This study aimed to determine the extent of occupational contact allergy and differences between work subsectors in clothing employees with CD.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 272 clothing employees, who complained of CD and were diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). Participants worked in accessory, dyeing, sewing, cutting, knitting, packing, cleaning, and ironing subsectors. Data on demographics, working‐subsector, working‐duration, and lesion‐duration were collected, and participants were examined and patch tested.ResultsParticipants included 173 females and 99 males. Dyeing workers were most frequently diagnosed with OACD, whereas cutting workers were least. Lesions were mostly located on the hands only. The most frequently detected allergens were nickel sulfate in accessory work; disperse blue‐106 in dyeing, sewing, cutting, and knitting; cobalt chloride in packing; p‐phenylenediamine in cleaning; and budesonide in ironing.ConclusionsContact allergens show significant differences in frequency by work subsectors in clothing employees. Careful monitoring of workers for excessive exposures and for early signs of CD is warranted.
Distinct genetic patterns of shared and unique genes across four neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Wang Ruochen , Liu Zhenwei , Jiang Shan , Du Lifeng , Qiu Kairui , Li Fengxia , Wang Qiongdan , Jin Jing , Chen Xiaomin , Li Zhongshan , Wu Jinyu , Zhang Na 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), developmental disorders (DD) and epileptic encephalopathy (EE), have a strong clinical comorbidity, which indicates a common genetic etiology across various disorders. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms of comorbidity and specificity remain unknown across neurodevelopmental disorders. Based on de novo mutations, we compared systematically the functional characteristics between shared and unique genes under these disorders, as well as the spatiotemporal trajectory of development in brain and common molecular pathways of all shared genes. We observed that shared genes present more constrained against functional rare genetic variation, and harbor more pathogenic rare variants than do unique genes in each disorder. Furthermore, 71 shared genes formed two clusters related to synaptic transmission, transcription regulation and chromatin regulator. Particularly, we also found that two core genes STXBP1 and SCN2A, that were shared by the four neurodevelopmental disorders showed prominent pleiotropy. Our findings shed light on the shared and specific patterns across neurodevelopmental disorders and will enable us to further comprehend the etiology and provide valuable information for the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Bamford‐Stevens and Shapiro Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ghavre Mukund 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTotal synthesis of natural products often requires installation of double bond without adding carbon. Bamford‐Stevens and Shapiro reactions offer an option to execute such transformation. Several developments have been made in these reactions and their applications in a diverse area of chemistry. Lack of a dedicated review on these reactions in the recent time is hampering an access to collective information and a critical analysis of the new developments. This minireview highlights methodological developments and applications of Bamford‐Stevens and Shapiro reactions in organic synthesis published in the past ten years.
Metal‐Free Decarboxylation of Alkynoic Acids for the Synthesis of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Seo Eunkyeong , Oh Jonghoon , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTerminal alkynes were readily obtained via the reaction of alkynoic acids with N,N,N’,N’‐teramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in DMSO at 65 °C for 12 h. This method gave good yields and showed high functional group tolerance. In addition, deuterated terminal alkynes were formed in good yields when alkynoic acids were treated with D2O prior to the reaction with TMEDA.
Electrochemical Oxidation‐induced Difunctionalization of Alkynes and Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: Facile Access to β‐Selenovinyl Sulfones and β‐Ketosulfones
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Yu Ke , Chen Qianjin , Xu Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report here in an efficient electrochemical oxidative selenosulfonylation of alkynes and oxysulfonylation of alkenes without use of metal catalysts. This method provides a practical access to a wide range of β‐(seleno)vinyl sulfones and β‐keto sulfones. These reactions can tolerate various functional groups and be easily scaled‐up.
RuCl3 Catalyzed Reaction of Chromones with Bestmann‐Ohira Reagent for the Construction of 2‐Hydroxybenzoyl‐1H‐pyrazolylphosphonates and Dihydrochromeno[3,2‐c]pyrazolylphosphonates
Authors: Kommera Rajkumar , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Raju Bhimapaka China 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxybenzoyl‐1H‐pyrazolylphosphonates and dihydrochromeno[3,2‐c]pyrazolylphosphonates by the reaction of 3‐formylchromones/3‐halo‐4H‐chromenones with Bestmann‐Ohira Reagent (BOR) in the presence of RuCl3 catalyst. The reactions proceeded through decarbonylation, debromination, intramolecular cyclization and N‐methylation to provide the new heterocyclic compounds in one‐pot with the formation of C−C and C−N bonds. The structure assignment of compound 3 f was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
Intermolecular C‐Arylation of 2‐Amidobiphenyls Overcoming Intramolecular N‐Arylation
Authors: Bal Ankita , Maiti Saikat , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2‐Amidobiphenyls are known to undergo intramolecular N−H arylation in presence of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents which lead to C−N coupling reaction. Herein, an unprecedented intermolecular C−C coupling reaction via carbenium ion over a nitrenium ion has been reported using sole oxidant PhI(OAc)2 suppressing the more facile intramolecular C−N coupling.
Systematic review of anterior congenital cephaloceles: open vs endoscopic repair
Authors: Thompson Harrison M. , Cho Do‐Yeon , Riley Kristen O. , Grayson Jessica W. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAnterior cephaloceles are rare congenital malformations that have historically been corrected via open approaches. Although the advent of endoscopic endonasal surgery has provided a minimally invasive and theoretically less morbid approach to the anterior skull base, whether endoscopic approaches provide superior treatment outcomes to open techniques has yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature regarding presentation and outcomes of open vs endoscopic repair of congenital anterior cephaloceles.MethodsA systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases was performed on January 15, 2020, to identify studies from the past 50 years reporting cases of congenital anterior cephaloceles. Data on gender, age at operation, imaging modality, cephalocele location, operative approach, and intra‐ and postoperative complications were collected.ResultsNonduplicated data (153 articles) consisted of 781 patients with congenital anterior encephaloceles. Surgical outcomes were reported in 349 patients (222 open approaches, 127 endoscopic approaches), with an average age of 4.6 years. There was a 1.3:1 male‐to‐female ratio. Clinical presentation included nasal obstruction (n = 154), hypertelorism (n = 106), and cleft lip/palate (n = 100). Defects were classified as sincipital (n = 479) or basal (n = 257), with 45 patients broadly classified as anterior. The number of complications experienced per operation was 0.13 for endoscopic and 0.44 for open approaches (p < 0.0001). Mortality was significantly lower for the endoscopic group compared with patients treated with open surgery (0.008 vs 0.05, p < 0.05).ConclusionEndoscopic repair of congenital anterior cephaloceles resulted in decreased postoperative complications and mortality compared with open approaches. ©2020 ARSAAOA, LLC.