bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Interlayer Charge and Energy Transfer in Perovskite Quantum Dots/ Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Chong , Wang Ting , Hu Xiangmin , Liu Dameng , Luo Jianbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient interlayer charge and energy transfer are explored in CsPbBr2I quantum dots/MoS2 heterostructure. When perovskite QDs directly contact MoS2, charge transfer from QDs to MoS2 dominates the nonradiative exciton relaxation in QDs/MoS2 heterostructure. With the layer number of MoS2 reducing to a monolayer, nonradiative exciton relaxation rate increases due to reduced dielectric effect and changed energy band structure of MoS2. Then an hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) spacer is inserted between QDs and a monolayer MoS2, in which nonradiative exciton relaxation rate is dominated by excitonic energy transfer from QDs to MoS2. With the spacer thickness increasing, nonradiative exciton relaxation rate decays as 1/d3.03 that is slower than the result 1/d4 of Förster theory. This is attributed to strong near‐field dipole–dipole coupling interaction in QDs/h‐BN/MoS2 heterostructure. Controllable interlayer charge and energy transfer potentially enable new avenues for designing optoelectronic devices, as well as for studying fundamental issue of tunable light–matter interaction at nanoscale vision.
Chromium Trihalides CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I): Direct Deposition of Micro‐ and Nanosheets on Substrates by Chemical Vapor Transport
Authors: Grönke Martin , Buschbeck Benjamin , Schmidt Peer , Valldor Martin , Oswald Steffen , Hao Qi , Lubk Axel , Wolf Daniel , Steiner Udo , Büchner Bernd , Hampel Silke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe experimental observation of intrinsic ferromagnetism in single layered chromium trihalides CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) has gained outstanding attention recently due to their possible implementation in spintronic devices. However, the reproducible preparation of highly crystalline chromium(III) halide nanolayers without stacking faults is still an experimental challenge. As chromium trihalides consist of adjacent layers with weak interlayer coupling, the preparation of ultrathin CrX3 nanosheets directly on substrates via vapor transport proves as an advantageous synthesis technique. It is demonstrated that vapor growth of ultrathin highly crystalline CrX3 micro‐ and nanosheets succeeds directly on yttrium stabilized zirconia substrates in a one‐step process via chemical vapor transport (CVT) in temperature gradients of 100 K (600 °C → 500 °C for CrCl3 and 650 °C → 550 °C for CrBr3 or CrI3) without a need for subsequent delamination. Due to simulation results, optimization of synthesis conditions is realized and phase pure CrX3 nanosheets with thicknesses ≤25 nm are obtained via short term CVT. The nanosheets morphology, crystallinity, and phase purity are analyzed by several techniques, including microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy. Furthermore, a potential subsequent delamination technique is demonstrated to give fast access to CrX3 monolayers using the example of CrCl3.
Controllable and Programmable Nonreciprocity Based on Detachable Digital Coding Metasurface
Authors: Ma Qian , Chen Lei , Jing Hong Bo , Hong Qiao Ru , Cui Hao Yang , Liu Yi , Li Lianlin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn traditional nonreciprocial devices and nonreciprocial metamaterials, the nonreciprocity functions are fixed and noneditable. Here, a detachable digital coding metasurface is proposed integrated with power amplifiers to realize controllable and programmable nonreciprocity, in which a metasurface element embedded with two amplifiers is designed and demonstrated. Based on the nonreciprocity of the unilateral transistors, a supercell structure is further presented composed of two opposite elements to obtain the controllable and programmable nonreciprocity characteristics. By applying distinct digital control signals (like “10,” “01,” and “11”) on the power amplifiers, the proposed metasurface can realize forward and backward nonreciprocal transmissions, and reciprocal transmission, respectively. An 8 × 10 metasurface is fabricated, which is divided into ten detachable unit pieces (with eight supercell elements on each piece) for easy assembling and control. The design of the detachable unit pieces promises more flexible functionalities and yields advantages in cost. The validation experiments are performed in both near and far fields, and the measured results show good consistency with theoretical designs and numerical simulations. Combined with the digital coding features of metasurfaces, it is believed that the proposed method has various potential applications in wireless communications and other intellectualized systems.
Iron‐Catalyzed Room Temperature Cross‐Couplings of Bromophenols with Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Xu Li‐Chen , Liu Kun‐Ming , Duan Xin‐Fang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein we report a room temperature Fe‐catalyzed coupling reaction of various bromophenols with aryl Grignard reagents, which exhibits a wide substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. For the first time, the combination of simple Fe(acac)3/PBu3/Ti(OEt)4 has been used as an effective catalyst for the biaryl couplings of bromophenols or their Na or K salts with debromination and etherification side reactions being well suppressed. Various biphenols including natural product garcibiphenyl C as well as pharmaceutical diflunisal and its ethyl ester were facilely synthesized using the present protocol.magnified image
Recent Advances in the Interrupted Nazarov Reaction
Authors: Yadykov Anton V. , Shirinian Valerii Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent decades there have been significant improvements in the efficiency of synthesis as a result of considerable progress in tandem reactions, cascade transformations and related one‐pot processes. These methodologies are less time‐consuming, more cost‐effective, and produce less waste compared to the classical stepwise protocols. The Nazarov cyclization is an important and versatile method for the synthesis of five‐membered carbocycles which are found in many natural compounds and functional molecules. Current activities in the field of the Nazarov reaction are focused on development of better catalysts, asymmetric options and increasing the efficiency of synthesis. This transformation is suitable for applying to an intensified step‐economy in interrupted versions and one‐pot protocols. Interrupted Nazarov reactions in particular take advantage of the stereospecific nature of the electrocyclization. The universality of these reactions has facilitated an access to a plethora of complex small molecules of high medicinal relevance. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of recent advances in the interrupted Nazarov‐type cyclization, and classify these reactions according to the structure of the substrate or the reaction mechanism. This is the first review that presents a survey on various types of interrupted Nazarov cyclization and deals with the recent advances, especially using tandem/domino or one‐pot reaction strategies and covers the literature from 2009 to 2019.magnified image
Leaky Optoelectrical Fiber for Optogenetic Stimulation and Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine Exocytosis from Human Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Vasudevan Shashank , Kajtez Janko , Bunea Ada‐Ioana , Gonzalez‐Ramos Ana , Ramos‐Moreno Tania , Heiskanen Arto , Kokaia Merab , Larsen Niels B. , Martínez‐Serrano Alberto , Keller Stephan S. , Emnéus Jenny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra leads to a decrease in the physiological levels of dopamine in striatum. The existing dopaminergic therapies effectively alleviate the symptoms, albeit they do not revert the disease progression and result in significant adverse effects. Transplanting dopaminergic neurons derived from stem cells could restore dopamine levels without additional motor complications. However, the transplanted cells disperse in vivo and it is not possible to stimulate them on demand to modulate dopamine release to prevent dyskinesia. In order to address these issues, this paper presents a multifunctional leaky optoelectrical fiber for potential neuromodulation and as a cell substrate for application in combined optogenetic stem cell therapy. Pyrolytic carbon coated optical fibers are laser ablated to pattern micro‐optical windows to permit light leakage over a large area. The pyrolytic carbon acts as an excellent electrode for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Human neural stem cells are genetically modified to express the light sensitive opsin channelrhodopsin‐2 and are differentiated into dopaminergic neurons on the leaky optoelectrical fiber. Finally, light leaking from the micro‐optical windows is used to stimulate the dopaminergic neurons resulting in the release of dopamine that is detected in real‐time using chronoamperometry.
Metal Halide Perovskites for Solar‐to‐Chemical Fuel Conversion
Authors: Chen Jie , Dong Chunwei , Idriss Hicham , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review article presents and discusses the recent progress made in the stabilization, protection, improvement, and design of halide perovskite‐based photocatalysts, photoelectrodes, and devices for solar‐to‐chemical fuel conversion. With the target of water splitting, hydrogen iodide splitting, and CO2 reduction reactions, the strategies established for halide perovskites used in photocatalytic particle‐suspension systems, photoelectrode thin‐film systems, and photovoltaic‐(photo)electrocatalysis tandem systems are organized and introduced. Moreover, recent achievements in discovering new and stable halide perovskite materials, developing protective and functional shells and layers, designing proper reaction solution systems, and tandem device configurations are emphasized and discussed. Perspectives on the future design of halide perovskite materials and devices for solar‐to‐chemical fuel conversion are provided. This review may serve as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing halide perovskite materials for solar‐to‐chemical fuel conversion.
Visceral obesity is a preoperative risk factor for postoperative ileus after surgery for colorectal cancer: Single‐institution retrospective analysis
Authors: Morimoto Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hidekazu , Fujii Makoto , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Uemura Mamoru , Matsuda Chu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimVisceral obesity (VO) reportedly has a stronger association with complications after colorectal surgery than does body mass index. Here, we retrospectively assessed VO as a risk factor for postoperative ileus (POI) after colorectal resection in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis study included 417 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer who underwent elective surgery at our institute from January 2010 to December 2012. Visceral fat area (VFA) was calculated by image analysis software. VO was defined as VFA ≥100 cm2. We assessed 49 factors, including VO, comorbidities, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications. Data were analyzed using a propensity score‐matching strategy.ResultsPostoperative ileus occurred in 18 patients (4.3%) from the entire cohort, and in 14 (5.5%) of the 256 matched patients. Multivariate analysis (n = 417 patients) showed that significant risk factors for POI included VO (OR 7.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9‐32.1, P = .004), open surgery (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.6‐26.7, P = .010), and pelvic/intra‐abdominal abscess (OR 11.0, 95% CI 1.1‐110.2, P = .041). Propensity score matching showed two independent risk factors in the multivariate analysis: VO (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.3‐30.4, P = .025) and open surgery (OR 9.1, 95% CI 2.0‐40.5, P = .004).ConclusionVisceral obesity may be an independent risk factor for POI in patients with colorectal cancer.
Secular changes in limb lengths and proportions from 1952 to 2011 in children, adolescents, and young adults from Kolkata (India)
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Dasgupta Parasmani , Saha Rana , Das Rituparna , Das Sukanta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the intergenerational changes of upper and lower limb lengths as well as the values of the upper, lower limb, and intermembral indicators of children, adolescents, and young adults from Kolkata (India) between 1952 to 1966 and 2005 to 2011.MethodsThe analysis was based on the results of anthropometric measurements of 7488 Bengali children, adolescents, and young adults. They were included in three cross‐sectional surveys, carried out in 1955 to 1966, 1982 to 1983 (only males), and 2005 to 2011. The upper and lower limb lengths were obtained and the upper and lower limb indicators, as well as an intermembral index, were calculated. The differences between the cohorts were assessed using two‐way ANOVA.ResultsPositive, statistically significant, secular trends regarding the length of the lower and upper limbs as well as the value of the lower limb index were observed. Negative intergenerational changes were noted for the values of the upper limb indicator and intermembral index, suggesting that the secular increase of the length of the upper limbs was less pronounced than those of the body height and lower limbs length.ConclusionsThe secular increase regarding the lower limbs length was associated with the socioeconomic progress of the country, but the length of the upper limbs was less sensitive for those factors. It is also important to mention that there is still very little information on those characteristics in general, which further proves the need for similar studies.
Isotopic evidence for anthropogenic lead exposure on a 17th/18th century Barbadian plantation
Authors: Laffoon Jason E. , Shuler Kristrina A. , Millard Andrew R. , Connelly James N. , Schroeder Hannes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and characterize anthropogenic lead sources on a 17th/18th century Barbadian plantation and to test if lead isotope analyses can be used to identify the geographic origins of first‐generation African captives.Materials and MethodsWe carried out lead (Pb) isotope analyses on dental enamel samples from 24 individuals from the Newton Plantation Cemetery in Barbados, which had previously been analyzed for strontium (Sr) and oxygen (O) isotope composition (Schroeder et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2009, 139:547–557) and Pb concentrations (Schroeder et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2013, 150:203–209.ResultsWe are able to identify British Pb sources, and more specifically Bristol/Mendips Pb, as the most likely source of anthropogenic Pb on the plantation, highlighting the impact of the British Atlantic economy on the lives of enslaved peoples in Barbados during the period of plantation slavery. Furthermore, we find that there is only one clear outlier among seven individuals who had previously been identified as African‐born based on their enamel Sr isotope composition (Schroeder et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2009, 139:547–557). All other individuals present a very homogenous Pb isotope composition, which overlaps with that of British Pb sources.ConclusionOur results indicate that while Pb isotope analyses can help identify and further characterize the sources of anthropogenic Pb in plantation settings, they might not be suited for identifying the origins of African‐born individuals in diasporic contexts.
The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures
Authors: Burgess Rosemary , Wang Shuyu , McTague Amy , Boysen Katja E. , Yang Xiaoling , Zeng Qi , Myers Kenneth A. , Rochtus Anne , Trivisano Marina , Gill Deepak ,   EIMFS Consortium, Sadleir Lynette G. , Specchio Nicola , Guerrini Renzo , Marini Carla , Zhang Yue‐Hua , Mefford Heather C. , Kurian Manju A. , Poduri Annapurna H. , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveEpilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. We delineate the genetic causes and genotype–phenotype correlations of a large EIMFS cohort.MethodsPhenotypic and molecular data were analyzed on patients recruited through an international collaborative study.ResultsWe ascertained 135 patients from 128 unrelated families. Ninety‐three of 135 (69%) had causative variants (42/55 previously reported) across 23 genes, including 9 novel EIMFS genes: de novo dominant GABRA1, GABRB1, ATP1A3; X‐linked CDKL5, PIGA; and recessive ITPA, AIMP1, KARS, WWOX. The most frequently implicated genes were KCNT1 (36/135, 27%) and SCN2A (10/135, 7%). Mosaicism occurred in 2 probands (SCN2A, GABRB3) and 3 unaffected mothers (KCNT1). Median age at seizure onset was 4 weeks, with earlier onset in the SCN2A, KCNQ2, and BRAT1 groups. Epileptic spasms occurred in 22% patients. A total of 127 patients had severe to profound developmental impairment. All but 7 patients had ongoing seizures. Additional features included microcephaly, movement disorders, spasticity, and scoliosis. Mortality occurred in 33% at median age 2 years 7 months.InterpretationWe identified a genetic cause in 69% of patients with EIMFS. We highlight the genetic heterogeneity of EIMFS with 9 newly implicated genes, bringing the total number to 33. Mosaicism was observed in probands and parents, carrying critical implications for recurrence risk. EIMFS pathophysiology involves diverse molecular processes from gene and protein regulation to ion channel function and solute trafficking. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:821–831
Development of Whole and Ground Seed Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Calibrations for Oil, Protein, Moisture, and Fatty Acids in Salvia hispanica
Authors: Serson William , Armstrong Paul , Maghirang Elizabeth , AL‐Bakri Ahmed , Phillips Timothy , AL‐Amery Maythem , Su Kai , Hildebrand David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChia (Salvia hispanica) is an ancient crop that has experienced an agricultural resurgence in recent decades owing to the high omega 3 fatty acid (ω‐3) content of the seeds and good production potential. Analysis of 563 lots of chia grown in Kentucky and 10 lots from Arizona, Australia, Mexico, and Peru was performed. All of these lots were assessed for fatty acid, oil, and protein content, while a subset of 120 samples were assessed for amino acids, fiber, minerals, and trace elements. The mean oil content was 31.3%, ranging from 21.4% to 35.3%. The protein content averaged 22.8%, ranging from 18.2% to 28.2%, and the ω‐3 FA α‐linolenic acid (ALA) averaged 61.3%, ranging from 33.9% to 69.9%. Using these seed lots, nondestructive near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations were developed for whole and ground seed oil, protein, moisture, and the six major fatty acids. The R2 and SE of cross‐validation (SECV) values for oil were 0.78 and 0.95, respectively, while those for protein were 0.75 and 1.05, respectively. The NIRS calibrations for fatty acid had R2 and SECV greater than 0.6 and less than 10% of actual values for all major fatty acids, respectively. An R2 of 0.99 was established for moisture content of whole seeds within the range of 3–10% moisture content. The precision and accuracy of these calibrations is adequate for use by breeders, growers, and food quality experts to quantitatively assess these major constituents without the need for costly and time‐consuming chemical analysis.
Influence of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and methacrylic acid on thermal curing process of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel
Authors: Lee Jung Hyun , Youm Je Sung , Ju Hyoung Tae , Kim Jeong Cheol 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) and methacrylic acid (MA) comonomers on the curing characteristics and properties of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel for soft contact lenses. A real‐time temperature measurement system was devised and the exothermic behaviors of hydrogel contact lenses comprising PHEMA, P(HEMA/NVP), and P(HEMA/MA) during oven‐curing condition were analyzed. The results of the real‐time temperature measurement were compared with the experimental analysis by using differential scanning calorimetry at different heating rates. NVP and MA content changes affected the HEMA‐based hydrogel's equilibrium water content (EWC), contact lens diameter, and gel fraction. HEMA‐based hydrogel sheets with varying NVP and MA contents were fabricated and mechanically characterized. The temperature at which the exothermic reaction occurred varied depending on the type of added comonomer and the exothermic reaction of HEMA containing NVP was delayed. When NVP was added, the mechanical strength and EWC were lower than when MA was added. In order to maintain the mechanical properties while improving the equilibrium moisture content of the lens, it was found that the use of MA is more advantageous than the use of NVP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48622.
The Structure–Property Correlations in the Isomerism of Au21(SR)15 Nanoclusters by Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Bai Yuyuan , Lv Ying , Weng Shiyin , Yu Haizhu , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIsomerism of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters provides an excellent platform to investigate the structure–property correlations of metal nanomaterials. In this study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD‐DFT) calculations on two Au21(SR)15 nanoclusters, one with a hexagonal closed packed core (denoted as Au21hcp), and the other one with a face‐centered cubic core (denoted as Au21fcc). The structural and electronic analysis on the typical Au–Au and Au–S bond distances, bond orders, composition of the frontier orbitals and the origin of optical absorptions shed light on the inherent correlations between these two clusters.
Small Binocular Telescope: The new epoch of Burst Alert Robotic Telescope
Authors: Štrobl Jan , Jelínek Martin , Hudec René 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBurst Alert Robotic Telescope (BART) is an autonomous robotic observatory located at the Ondřejov observatory in the Czech Republic. It was constructed in 1996 in order to follow up satellite triggers in hope to provide early observations of Gamma‐Ray Burst optical afterglows. We present the new telescope of the observatory “Small Binocular Telescope” (SBT), which has recently obtained its first light and is being prepared for routine observations. The updated system now counts with a dual 0.2‐m wide‐field optical telescope capable of continuous coverage of an error box of size up to 3.56 × 3.56 degrees.