bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A club’s contribution to global climate governance: the case of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition
Authors: Unger Charlotte , Mar Kathleen A. , Gürtler Konrad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNot only is the climate changing, but so is global climate governance. Climate policy initiatives have proliferated within and beyond the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime in a polycentric pattern. Nevertheless, promised action under the Paris Agreement (PA) is far from being sufficient to achieve its targets of keeping global warming below 2 °C. A special research focus has emerged on international ‘climate clubs’, referring to a smaller group’s greater ability to make progress in international climate policy compared to large global forums. Against this background, our paper reflects on the club functions of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), a transnational partnership that aims at slowing the rate of near-term global warming through the reduction of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). How does the CCAC contribute to global climate governance and how does this relate to existing structures, such as the UNFCCC process and the PA? Researchers have generally found that climate clubs can raise ambition, produce emissions reductions, and/or enhance cooperation, while generating additional benefits for its members. However, their specific governance contribution remains rather opaque, for example, how emissions reductions are achieved. There is a lack of analytical application, knowledge of the political practice and of in-depth case studies of the clubs concept. This paper contributes to filling this gap by applying central aspects of clubs research, namely membership and size, public goods, and the provision of additional benefits as an analytical framework in one in-depth case study of a governance initiative that has not yet been the subject of academic scrutiny: the CCAC. The results are based on expert interviews and the analysis of strategic and academic documents. Overall, this research finds that the CCAC’s largest contribution to global climate governance lies in preparing SLCP emissions reductions through raising awareness, orchestrating different actors and actions related to SLCPs, and establishing a large technical cooperation network. To some degree it also directly implements SLCP reduction projects. Ultimately, it complements the UNFCCC and especially the Paris Agreement. Members are part of the CCAC because its benefits go beyond climate change mitigation. Its large transnational membership constellation both supports and challenges its governance contribution.
Split-TurboID enables contact-dependent proximity labeling in cells
Authors: Cho Kelvin F. , Branon Tess C. , Rajeev Sanjana , Svinkina Tanya , Udeshi Namrata D. , Thoudam Themis , Kwak Chulhwan , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Lee In-Kyu , Carr Steven A. , Ting Alice Y. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Most of the thousands of proteins that comprise a human cell have specific subcellular localization patterns essential for their function. “Proximity labeling” (PL) is a method for mapping the localization of endogenous cellular proteins on a proteome-wide scale. To improve the specificity and versatility of PL, we developed split-TurboID, a promiscuous biotinylating enzyme split into two inactive fragments. The fragments are coexpressed in cells and brought together by a drug, protein–protein interaction, or organelle contact to reconstitute TurboID enzymatic activity. We used split-TurboID to map the protein composition of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact sites, which are essential for mitochondrial fission, lipid biosynthesis, and calcium signaling. For conditional or higher-specificity PL, split-TurboID may be a valuable tool for biological discovery.
An objective Bayesian analysis of life’s early start and our late arrival
Authors: Kipping David 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Does life’s early emergence mean that it would reappear quickly if we were to rerun Earth’s clock? If the timescale for intelligence evolution is very slow, then a quick start to life is actually necessary for our existence—and thus does not necessarily mean it is a generally quick process. Employing objective Bayesianism and a uniform-rate process assumption, we use just the chronology of life’s appearance in the fossil record, that of ourselves, and Earth’s habitability window to infer the true underlying rates accounting for this subtle selection effect. Our results find betting odds of >3:1 that abiogenesis is indeed a rapid process versus a slow and rare scenario, but 3:2 odds that intelligence may be rare.
Transition between solid and liquid state of yield-stress fluids under purely extensional deformations
Authors: Varchanis Stylianos , Haward Simon J. , Hopkins Cameron C. , Syrakos Alexandros , Shen Amy Q. , Dimakopoulos Yannis , Tsamopoulos John 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The stress-induced transition from solid to liquid state is commonly referred to as “yielding.” Yield-stress materials, including pastes, muds, blood, crude oil, and condiments like mayonnaise, have solid-like properties at rest but can be made to yield and flow under sufficient applied stress. Despite their ubiquity and importance, the existing 100-y-old theory describing the behavior of such materials is only well verified under basic conditions of applied shear stress and assumes that the solid state is undeformable. Experiments and simulations conducted under pure extension provide fundamental information on the behavior of yield-stress materials and demand an overhaul of the current standard theory in order to account for material deformation in the solid-like state prior to yielding and flow.
Oscillating collective motion of active rotors in confinement
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhu Hongwei , Zeng Ying , Du Guangle , Ning Luhui , Wang Dunyou , Chen Ke , Lu Ying , Zheng Ning , Ye Fangfu , Yang Mingcheng 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The exploration of chiral active matter composed of self-spinning objects, which breaks both parity and time-reversal symmetries, is an exciting and rapidly developing area. A particularly interesting phenomenon of chiral active matter is the emergence of a spontaneous unidirectional collective edge flow in confinement, with potentials for robust material transport. This unique feature has generally been discussed in the context of incompressible and structureless homogeneous fluid. Here, we show that confinement-induced nonuniform distribution of spinners greatly influences the edge flow, causing a spatially oscillatory pattern. Moreover, as the structure of the active media varies, different collective modes emerge. These findings significantly advance our understanding of collective behavior of chiral active matter in confinement.
Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids
Authors: Galloway K. Lawrence , Ma Xiaoguang , Keim Nathan C. , Jerolmack Douglas J. , Yodh Arjun G. , Arratia Paulo E. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
When stressed sufficiently, many solids plastically deform and flow. This plastic deformation induces irreversible structural changes, which are sometimes used in practice to manipulate microstructure of materials to achieve desired mechanical properties. Unfortunately, our limited fundamental understanding of the interdependence of plastic flow and microstructure represents a design barrier for improvement of strength, hardness, and ductility in amorphous solids, where constituent particles are haphazardly arranged. Here, we study plastic flow and its influence on the microstructure of disordered colloidal solids. Video images, with single-particle resolution, reveal connections between bulk mechanical response and microstructure during plastic deformation. Specifically, structural relaxation induced by plastic flow depends on strain rate at earlier times and predicts microscopic structural features at later times.
Cognitive and brain development is independently influenced by socioeconomic status and polygenic scores for educational attainment
Authors: Judd Nicholas , Sauce Bruno , Wiedenhoeft John , Tromp Jeshua , Chaarani Bader , Schliep Alexander , van Noort Betteke , Penttilä Jani , Grimmer Yvonne , Insensee Corinna , Becker Andreas , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Paillère Martinot Marie-Laure , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Garavan Hugh , Klingberg Torkel 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities on brain and cognitive development is a hotly debated topic. However, previous studies have not considered that genetic factors overlap with SES. Here we show that SES and EduYears-PGS (a score from thousands of genetic markers for educational attainment) have independent associations with both cognition and global cortical surface area in adolescents. EduYears-PGS also had a localized association in the brain: the intraparietal sulcus, a region related to nonverbal intelligence. In contrast, SES had global, but not regional, associations, and these persisted throughout adolescence. This suggests that the influence of SES inequalities is widespread—a result that opposes the current paradigm and can help inform policies in education.
New spatial analyses of Australian wildfires highlight the need for new fire, resource, and conservation policies
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Taylor Chris 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Discussions after significant fire-related losses of life, property, and vegetation are often conducted in the absence of nuanced debates about climate, land, and resource management policy. Here we present the results of new spatial and temporal analyses of widespread current and previous fires in the Australian state of Victoria that highlight the need for major changes in policies associated with fire and land management. We found compelling evidence to support policy reforms that aim to reduce megafires, alter the mode of forest management, target the protection of key natural assets including unburnt areas, manage repeatedly damaged and potentially collapsed ecosystems, and expand the conservation estate. Our approach should have wide applicability to other jurisdictions confronting threats from widespread, recurrent wildfires.
Online peer feedback in second language Chinese writing
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhu Lin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Online peer feedback is advocated but not sufficiently used or researched in language classrooms, especially in
Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) context. There is not sufficient evidence on the relationship of peer feedback type and
revision, and controversies remain regarding learners’ perceptions of peer feedback, especially in terms of its trustworthiness.
This study examines the typology, uptake, and learner perceptions of online peer feedback in an advanced level CFL classroom.
Participants’ first drafts, feedback, and revisions in four writing assignments were analyzed and interviews were conducted.
Feedback was mostly given on vocabulary, grammar, and character. 70.9% of the corrective feedback led to successful revision, and
direct change, suggestion, and clarification most frequently led to
revision. Participants generally trusted peer feedback, while they were also autonomous in giving feedback and deciding on
uptakes. Learners’ positive perceptions include the comprehensibility of peer feedback and a sense of supportive community.
Research paper abstracts in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (1943–2018)
Authors: Méndez Alcaraz David Israel , Alcaraz Ariza María Ángeles 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report the findings of a diachronic study of 100 research paper abstracts published in four different periods (from
1943 to 2018) in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, one of the most prestigious astrophysics journals
written in English. Our main results show that research paper abstracts have evolved over time in the sense that they have become longer,
more informative and more precise. They also reveal an overall increase in the number of authors, active and modal verbs, self-mentions and compound groups per total number of words. Likewise, compound structures are becoming more and more complex. These outcomes
may be explained in terms of a rising collaboration scenario and an attempt to increase authors’ visibility.
Sluicing and sprouting in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Al Bukhari Juman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates elliptical constructions sluicing and
sprouting in Jordanian Arabic (JA), and describes the structure of the sluice
clause, which depends on the type of wh-expressions on the one hand, and whether the
preposition at the sluice is pied-piped on the other hand. The central research
question is how such constructions are derived: via ordinary sluicing or via
pseudosluicing. Cases where a preposition is pied-piped with the
wh-word in the remnant require an ordinary sluicing analysis;
pied-piped PPs are not otherwise found in wh-clefts in JA. However,
in cases where a preposition is not pied-piped, the only possible underlying
derivation is pseudosluicing, with a wh-cleft structure. I also
discuss sprouting, in which the wh-word has no corresponding overt
correlate in the antecedent clause.
5-Keto-D-fructose production from sugar alcohol by isolated wild strain Gluconobacter frateurii CHM 43
Authors: Adachi Osao , Nguyen Thuy M , Hours Roque A , Kataoka Naoya , Matsushita Kazunobu , Akakabe Yoshihiko , Yakushi Toshiharu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Gluconobacter frateurii
CHM 43 have D-mannitol dehydrogenase (quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase) and flavoprotein D-fructose dehydrogenase in the membranes. When the two enzymes are functional, D-mannitol is converted to 5-keto-D-fructose with 65% yield when cultivated on D-mannitol. 5-Keto-D-fructose production with almost 100% yield was realized with the resting cells. The method proposed here should give a smart strategy for 5-keto-D-fructose production.
Spatial distribution and influencing factors of settlements in the farming–pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Peng Yu , Wang Qinghui 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Rural settlements serve as an important part of the rural landscape, and environmental conditions influence their spatial distribution. We hypothesize that there are variations in the spatial patterns of settlements across different farming–pastoral ecotones that exist in accordance with different human activities and environmental conditions. We used remote sensing imagery, digital elevation model, and GIS technology to analyze and compare the spatial patterns of settlements and factors influencing these patterns across pastoral, agricultural, and ecotone areas in Inner Mongolia, China. A Voronoi model, adjacency analysis, landscape metrics, and quantitative analysis were conducted. The results indicated that (1) the settlements in the three areas tended to have a random spatial distribution, and although there were no significant differences between the settlement types, agricultural settlements tended to be clustered and pastoral settlements tended to be evenly distributed; (2) the pastoral area had only a few large and sparsely fragmented patches; (3) the factors influencing settlement distribution mainly differed with respect to the NDVI, distance to roads and rivers, and elevation across three areas, but the slope degree was similar. These results indicated there are no significant differences between the spatial patterns of settlements along the agricultural to pastoral gradient, although environmental conditions differ. Consequently, we can optimize the spatial pattern of settlements and achieve sustainable development within farming–pastoral ecotones.
Preliminary Study on Transmutation of Plutonium and Minor Actinides in Accelerator Driven System
Authors: Novita Jesy Sry , Asril Pramutadi AM , Waris Abdul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As a free CO2 emission energy source, nuclear energy can supply the world electricity for very long time, even for thousand years. However, to increase the public acceptance, nuclear spent fuel (high level nuclear waste) should be manage to minimize its radio-toxicity. There are several methods of processing nuclear spent fuel including geological repositories, reprocessing it to be used as fuel again or doing transmutation. In this preliminary study, the nuclear high level waste is transmuted by using an Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS). ADS is a system consisting of a subcritical reactor core and a particle accelerator. Nuclear waste which will be transmuted is plutonium (Pu) and minor actinides (MA). Pu and MA are mixed in the ADS fuel that consists of U-ThO2(NO3)2, PuMA(NO3)4 dan HNO3. Two type of plutonium vectors have been evaluated, those are reactor grade Pu (RGPu) and weapon grade Pu (WGPu). The ADS can maintain it sub-criticality condition for RGPuMA and WGPuMA with the concentration of PuMA-Nitrate are above 62.6 kmol/m3 and 65.6 kmol/m3, respectively.
Investigation of structure and properties of welded joints of pipe steels
Authors: Ermakov B S , Khasanov A R , Khasanova E O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of microstructure and crack resistance of welded joints of pipe materials of main gas and oil pipelines for the Far North regions. Reliable operation of pipelines in harsh climatic conditions of such regions can be provided by the use of materials that have a combination of high values of strength, toughness, cold resistance and weld ability. The results of studies of samples from large diameter pipes with an operating pressure of up to 7.4 MPa at test temperatures of -10 and -20 °C. are presented. These pipes are made of hot-rolled low-carbon low-alloy steel. Various welding methods were used to produce welded joints: high-frequency induction welding, multi-arc automatic welding, laser and hybrid welding. This allowed us to evaluate the influence of the heating and cooling rate during welding on the characteristics of the structural States of the weld, the fusion line, and the overheating area in the zone of thermal influence. It was revealed that a rough needle structure of Vidmanshtett is formed in the zone of overheating of the longitudinal seam at a high cooling rate. Using a low cooling rate allows you to get the Vidmanshtett structure within 2-3 points. It is shown that the crack resistance of the base metal of the pipes practically does not change with a decrease in the test temperature. The values of crack resistance for the metal of the zone of thermal influence have a large spread, which may be due to the influence of technological features of cooling the pipe billet after welding.
A study of recovery rheological properties of egg yolk after freezing in making table salt
Authors: Bobko A S , Bobko A L , Sergienko O I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We studied the effect of salt on the quality indicators of egg yolk at various storage temperatures (–6; –12 and –18 ° C) in order to determine the optimal storage parameters with minimal violation of its rheological properties. The object of study was an egg yolk made from standard five-day eggs of the first category, produced at the poultry farm in the Leningrad Region, and intended for the meat processing industry. The used salt met the requirements in accordance with GOST R 51574-2000. The yolk was frozen using shock freezing at a temperature of –35 ° C and an air velocity of 15 m/sec. It was stored in refrigerators at the temperatures of -6, –12 ° C for 10 months, and at –18 ° C for 12 months. After thawing, the viscosity of the yolk was determined on the Engler viscometer; using a laboratory pH meter, organoleptic indicators for compliance with the requirements specified in GOST 30363-2013 “Liquid and dry egg products. Technical conditions”. Tests were conducted in accordance with TR TS 021/2011 “On food safety”.
Synthesis and utilization of chitosan as edible coating material for natural fruit preservation
Authors: Andrijanto E , Reksa T , Maheda J , Diani R , Wahyu E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study is to see the effect of edible coating such as chitosan to prevent fruits from ripening and to extend their shelf-life. Grape and tomato were used as samples and those were treated with chitosan solution at different concentration 1, 2 and 3%. The combination of 3% chitosan solution with polyphenol and ascorbic acid at different concentration were also studied. The shelf-life of the grape and tomato was improved almost 2.5 to 3 times longer using 3% chitosan solution compared to the uncoated grape used as blank. The shelf-life of grape is increased from 6 days to 16 days and tomato is enhanced from 4 days to 18 days by coating it with 3 % chitosan solution. The addition of polyphenol to the chitosan solution was slightly extending their shelf-life although it is not very significant. The results proved that the chitosan treatment into grape and tomato enhanced their shelf-life quite significantly and this material has potential to extend the shelf-life for other fruits and it can benefit for farmer.
Promoting tropical architecture by implementing design control in zoning regulation
Authors: Pradifta F S , Afiya I U 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Globalization has led to uniformity in the city images. The ubiquitous “modern” buildings have dissociated the local climate and cultural context. Frampton’s Critical Regionalism postulate saw this phenomenon as the destruction of the creative nucleus of a great civilization and great culture. Postcolonial countries, like Indonesia which inherit colonial cities, facing issues to define their identity, namely in terms of performing Tropical Architecture principles and enforcing it institutionally. The private building’s architectural design is seen as a private domain that cannot be regulated, thus the building owner’s need to present themselves as a “modern and progressive” party shall not be restricted. This paper tries to examine how urban planning can help modern tropical city image actualization by implement supporting regulations. A qualitative approach with stakeholder analysis is conducted to seek the design control implementation opportunity by the municipal government that met with private interest. A content analysis of Landscaping for Urban Spaces and High-Rises (LUSH) Programme from Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) also studied as a success story. The result is that a design control, to achieve a more contextual approach in architecture design practice, could be performed with incentive and bonus schemes in the building permit process and zoning regulations.