bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein lysine methylation contributes to modulating the response of sensitive and tolerant Arabidopsis species to cadmium stress
Authors: Serre Nelson B. C. , Sarthou Manon , Gigarel Océane , Figuet Sylvie , Corso Massimiliano , Choulet Justine , Rofidal Valérie , Alban Claude , Santoni Véronique , Bourguignon Jacques , Verbruggen Nathalie , Ravanel Stéphane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the response and adaptation of plants to excess of trace elements are not fully described. Here, we analysed the importance of protein lysine methylation for plants to cope with cadmium. We analysed the effect of cadmium on lysine‐methylated proteins and protein lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) in two cadmium‐sensitive species, Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata, and in three populations of A. halleri with contrasting cadmium accumulation and tolerance traits. We showed that some proteins are differentially methylated at lysine residues in response to Cd and that a few genes coding KMTs are regulated by cadmium. Also, we showed that 9 out of 23 A. thaliana mutants disrupted in KMT genes have a tolerance to cadmium that is significantly different from that of wild‐type seedlings. We further characterized two of these mutants, one was knocked out in the calmodulin lysine methyltransferase gene and displayed increased tolerance to cadmium, and the other was interrupted in a KMT gene of unknown function and showed a decreased capacity to cope with cadmium. Together, our results showed that lysine methylation of non‐histone proteins is impacted by cadmium and that several methylation events are important for modulating the response of Arabidopsis plants to cadmium stress.
Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells suppress coronary arteritis of Kawasaki disease in vivo
Authors: Uchimura Ryoichi , Ueda Takahiro , Fukazawa Ryuji , Hayakawa Jun , Ohashi Ryuji , Nagi‐Miura Noriko , Ohno Naohito , Migita Makoto , Itoh Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in an acute febrile syndrome commonly affecting children younger than 5 years. Coronary arteritis in KD is occasionally non‐responsive to several treatments. Recently, adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and tissue‐repair characteristics and are considered a useful treatment for inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the administration of ADSCs can suppress KD‐associated vasculitis in vivo.MethodsCandida albicans water‐soluble fraction is often used to model KD via the induction of severe coronary arteritis. Kawasaki disease model mice were intravenously administered ADSCs and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). On day 29, the mice were sacrificed and hearts from mice in each group were dissected. This was followed by serum collection. Cardiac tissue sections were subjected to histopathological examination to evaluate the inflammatory area. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the serum were analyzed at days 15 and 29. The survival rates of both groups were compared.ResultsThe mean inflammatory area in coronary arteritis was significantly lower in the ADSC group compared to the PBS group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β, IL‐12, IL‐17, RANTES, INF‐γ, and TNF‐α, in the ADSC group were significantly lower than those in the PBS group. Moreover, the ADSC group had a significantly higher survival rate than the PBS group.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that ADSCs have anti‐inflammatory and immune regulatory functions that could provide novel cell‐based therapeutic strategies for severe KD.
Low plasma D‐dimer predicts absence of intracranial injury and skull fracture
Authors: Nozawa Masahiro , Mishina Hiroki , Tsuji Satoshi , Takayama John I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial injury (ICI) is a leading cause of morbidity in children; however, the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate ICI has significant risks in children. A recent study suggests D‐dimer is associated with ICI. We surveyed the performance of plasma D‐dimer in ruling out ICI or skull fracture (SF) in children with head trauma.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study in the Emergency Department (ED) at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo, Japan we reviewed the medical records of all children age 0–16 years brought to the ED with head trauma from January 2010 to July 2013, who underwent CT based on established clinical criteria and had plasma D‐dimer measured. We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of plasma D‐dimer, using abnormal findings on CT (ICI, SF) as the criterion standard. We repeated analysis after stratification by age (<2 years, ≥2 years).ResultsAmong 364 eligible children (112 children <2 year of age), abnormal findings on CT were demonstrated in 33.8% (123/364). With the cut‐off set at 0.5 μg/mL, sensitivity was 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.6–100.0%), specificity 34.0% (95%CI: 28.1–40.4%), PPV 43.6% (95%CI: 37.7–49.6%), NPV 100.0% (95%CI: 93.5–100%). After stratification by age (<2 years and ≥2 years), sensitivity (100.0% and 100.0%) and NPV (100.0% and 100.0%) remained high in both age groups.ConclusionsLow plasma D‐dimer (≤0.5 μg/mL) is useful to limit the use of CT in children by excluding traumatic ICI or SF.
Changing water use and adaptive strategies along rainfall gradients in Mediterranean lupins
Authors: Berger J. D. , Ludwig C. , Whisson K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

There is growing interest in harnessing the genetic and adaptive diversity of crop wild relatives to improve drought resilience of elite cultivars. Rainfall gradients exert strong selection pressure on both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Understanding plant responses to these facilitates crop improvement.

Wild and domesticated narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL) collected along Mediterranean terminal drought stress gradients was evaluated under contrasting reproductive phase water supply in controlled field, glasshouse and cabinet studies. Plant phenology, growth and productivity, water use and stress responses were measured over time.

There is an integrated suite of adaptive changes along rainfall gradients in NLL. Low rainfall ecotypes flower earlier, accumulate lower seed numbers, biomass and leaf area, and have larger root:shoot ratios than high rainfall ecotypes. Water‐use is lower and stress onset slower in low compared to high rainfall ecotypes. Water‐use rates and ecotypic differences in stress response (Ψleaf decline, leaf loss) are lower in NLL than yellow lupin (YL). To mitigate the effects of profligate water use, high rainfall YL ecotypes maintain higher leaf water content over declining leaf water potential than low rainfall ecotypes. There is no evidence for such specific adaptation in NLL.

The data suggests that appropriate phenology is the key adaptive trait to rainfall gradients in NLL because of the flow‐on effects on biomass production, fitness, transpiration and stress onset, and the lack of physiological adaptations as in YL. Accordingly, it is essential to match phenology with target environment in order to minimize risk and maximize yield potential.
Maturation of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae continues after host cell death
Authors: Al‐Daoud F. , Gossen B. D. , McDonald M. R. 
Published: November 2019

Plasmodiophora brassicae, cause of clubroot on canola (Brassica napus) and other Brassicaceae, is an obligate soilborne pathogen that survives in soil as long‐lived resting spores. Factors that affect the maturation of the resting spores are not well understood. To determine if a living host was required for spore maturation, experiments were conducted under controlled conditions and in field trials. Young plants with clubbed roots containing mostly immature spores had the shoots removed, or clubs were harvested at different times. To kill host cells, clubs were frozen or plants were treated with glyphosate. Clubs were then harvested from treated and non‐treated hosts and stored at low temperature (5 or 10 °C) or room temperature (22 °C). Spore concentration and maturation were assessed 2–4 weeks after treatment using propidium monoazide‐assisted quantitative PCR, and results were validated using bioassays. The state of decay of clubs was also observed to determine if it was an indicator of spore maturity. Spores continued to mature after death of host cells or removal of shoots of plants. This demonstrated that a living host was not required for spore maturation. Interestingly, killing host cells prior to storing the clubs at low temperature produced a higher proportion of mature spores and more severe clubroot in bioassays relative to non‐treated clubs held at low temperature. This indicated that death of host cells accelerates spore maturation. Furthermore, mature spores were recovered from both decayed and less decayed clubs, suggesting that club decay is not an indicator of spore maturation.
Converts, Christians and anthropologists: A critique of Mark Mosko’s partible penitent thesis
Authors: Barker John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFirst advanced in a major essay published in 2010, Mark Mosko's ‘partible penitent’ thesis asserts that Melanesian and Christian cultures are based upon analogous conceptions of dividual personhood. Consequently, conversion in the region has been characterised by continuity rather than rupture, as argued most prominently by Joel Robbins. This essay offers an assessment of Mosko's thesis in terms of his critique of the theoretical and ethnographic literature and his recent application of the model to religious change in the Trobriand Islands. Robbins’ work proves more convincing and provocative on both theoretical and methodological grounds. Yet both approaches, which frame their analysis of Christianity in terms of conversion, appear increasingly out of sync with the experience of the vast majority of Melanesians who are more accurately considered active participants in a diverse global religious tradition rather than recipients of it.
“Making coin” and the networker: Masculine self‐making in the Australian professional managerial class
Authors: McNamara Owen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article I unpack the labour of “networking” to understand the changes in sociality and worker identity that have occurred in the Australian professional managerial class workforce under post‐Fordism. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken at the interface of the pubic service and private consultancy firms in Canberra, I break from dominant readings of intimacy in post‐Fordism which preference either a downwards imposition of “ways of being” from capital to worker, or a reactive self‐regulation in line with objective external structures. Networking, I argue, is as much about being recognised as patron as it is about any tangible economic benefits. The intimate relations and self‐fashioning of networking constitute attempts to embody particular classed, sexualised, gendered fantasies of the figure of “the networker” in post‐Fordist Australian business culture. This interpretation does not necessitate overlooking the tangible results of networking, and I discuss too, how masculine fantasy structures the topography of workplaces.
Coverage and adherence of antiretroviral therapy among Chinese HIV‐positive men who have sex with men with high CD4 counts in the era of ‘Treat all’
Authors: Yang Xueying , Wang Zixin , Harrison Sayward , Lau Joseph T. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesHIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) with CD4 cell counts> 350 cells/mm3 in China recently became eligible for free antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to updated national guidelines. This study aimed to investigate ART coverage and adherence among a large sample of HIV‐positive MSM in China.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Chengdu and Hangzhou, China, from February to November 2016. Participants were 277 MSM who had received a confirmatory HIV diagnosis and had CD4 levels of> 350 cells/mm3. Trained staff of collaborating non‐governmental organizations contacted all HIV‐positive MSM listed in their service records and invited them to join the study. The ART initiation, ART adherence and interactions between healthcare professionals and the patients were assessed.ResultsART coverage was 60.3%. Among those who were on ART (n = 167), no participants reported missing any doses in the last four days, but 25.7% reported non‐compliance to either ART dosing schedule or dosage instructions. After adjusting for background variables and perceived eligibility for ART, two variables were significant factors of higher ART coverage: (i) receiving a recommendation from healthcare professionals for immediate ART initiation and (ii) perceiving having received an adequate explanation of potential harms of ART. Being prescribed> 3 pills per dose and not having a temporary resident permit were associated with non‐compliance.ConclusionsSignificant efforts are needed to increase ART coverage among HIV‐positive MSM with high CD4 counts in China. Although prevalence of missing doses was low, non‐compliance to dosing schedule/instructions should not be neglected. Interactions between healthcare professionals and MSMs play an important role in facilitating ART initiation.
Experimental Study on the Emissions Characteristics of a Premixed Axial-Fuel-Staged Model Combustor
Authors: Zheng Xianglong , Xiong Yan , Lei Fulin , Deng Cong , Zhang Zhedian , Xiao Yunhan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Axial-fuel-staged combustion is a promising technology to reduce NOx emission at high turbine inlet temperatures and provide extended gas turbine operational flexibility. To investigate the emissions characteristics of the axial-fuel-staged combustion, a staged model combustor was constructed and a parametric study was performed at atmospheric pressure. Fuel distribution, equivalence ratio, and jet velocity effects on the emissions characteristics have been studied in the present research. Results show that the influence of fuel distribution on emissions is depending on the combustor outlet temperature. The NOx emissions increase with secondary fuel fraction when the combustor outlet temperature is low but decrease when the combustor outlet temperature is high. Investigation of the equivalence ratio on each stage shows that a lower relative NOx increase in secondary combustion zone is achieved at higher first-stage equivalence ratio. Moreover, the secondary stage jet velocity was varied to study the jet mixing influence on the emissions. The results show that a higher jet velocity will enhance the mixing between the secondary jet and the upstream first-stage burnt gases, producing lower NOx emissions. Finally, a simplified axial-fuel-staged combustion chemical reactors network (CRN) model was established to study the mixing of the secondary fresh fuel/air mixture and the first-stage burnt gases. The CRN modeling results show that a poor mixing in the secondary stage will significantly increase the NOx emission, which means that the mixing enhancement at the secondary stage is important for the axial-fuel-staged combustor design.
Blade Arrangement Optimization for Mistuned Bladed Disk Based on Gaussian Process Regression and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Pan Wangbai , Zhang Meiyan , Tang Guoan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMistuning phenomena exist in the bladed disk due to the inevitable deviations among blades' properties, e.g., stiffness, mass, geometry, etc., leading to localization and response amplification. The dynamic performance of mistuned bladed disk is sensitive to the arrangement of blades. The blade arrangement optimization aims to obtain the optimal arrangement that minimizes the influence of mistuning. In this paper, a framework of high efficiency is raised to deal with the challenge of high computational cost this optimization. It comprehensively utilizes mixed-dimensional finite element model (MDFEM), Gaussian process (GP) regression, and genetic algorithm (GA). The MDFEM can perform mistuned modal analysis efficiently and provides the training set of GP regression rapidly. The GP model, as a surrogate model, predicts the desired dynamic performance directly without calculating the numerical model and can function as fitness function in optimization. GA has the capability to deal with combinatorial problems and is a good option for problems with large search domains and several local maxima/minima. The techniques and processes of three methods are illustrated in detail. Case studies, based on a real turbine, are concretely presented in a gradually progressive manner to test and verify the effectiveness, accuracy, and efficiency of methods and entire framework step by step. The results show the satisfactory optimal arrangement for a randomly chosen set of mistuned blades, and the influence of mistuning is reduced indeed. The time cost of the optimization has been reduced several orders of magnitude. This framework can be a promising approach for the blade arrangement optimization problem.
Understanding the Laser-Matter Interaction and Plasma Dynamics in Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Shock Processing: A First Principle Study
Authors: Mao Bo , Liao Yiliang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Laser-matter interaction and plasma dynamic during laser shock processing determine the key parameters such as laser shock wave pressure and evolution during laser shock processing (LSP) process. A first-principle based model is critically important for elucidating the underlying mechanism and process optimization of the LSP process. The current study focuses on developing a theoretical model for the fundamental understanding of laser-matter interaction and plasma dynamics. The key physical parameters, such as electron and ion temperature, plasma density and shockwave pressure are predicted by this model and validated by experimental results.
Scheduling of Cellular Manufacturing With Flexible Routes Intercell Moves for Carbon Reduction in a Network Environment
Authors: Liu Jialiang , Liu Qiong , Xu Chenxin , Dong Zhaorui , Zou Mengbang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to rapidly share manufacturing resources among enterprises in a network environment, reduce carbon emissions and production costs, scheduling of cellular manufacturing with intercell moves is studied. Previous researches on cellular manufacturing with intercell moves either supposed that a part can only move between two cells at most one time or supposed that intercell moves of parts were on fixed paths. However, there might be several manufacturing cells with the same processing function or several same machines in different cells in a network environment. Intercell moves of parts might have flexible routes. To make the cellular manufacturing with intercell moves in a network environment, a scheduling model aiming at minimizing total carbon emissions, makespan and total costs is proposed for intercell moves with flexible routes and no restrictions on the number of intercell moves. An improved artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is proposed to solve the scheduling model. In order to improve searching ability of ABC, neighborhood search with an adaptive stepsize mechanism is proposed in leader bee phase and onlooker phase of the algorithm. A binary tournament selection method is designed to improve convergence speed in the onlooker bee phase. A case study is used to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that improved algorithm has better performance on convergence speed and searching ability than that of original artificial bee colony algorithm.
In Situ Analysis of Deformation Mechanics of Constrained Cutting Towards Enhanced Material Removal
Authors: Guo Yang , Chen Jisheng , Saleh Amr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chip formation in conventional cutting occurs by deformation that is only partially bounded by the cutting tool. The unconstrained free surface is a complication in determining the deformation of chip formation. The constrained cutting employs a constraining tool in the cutting process to confine the otherwise free surface and enable direct control of the chip formation deformation. A study has been made on the deformation mechanics of plane-strain constrained cutting using high speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) methods. For different constrained levels (including unconstrained free cutting), material flow of chip formation is directly observed; strain rate and strain in the chip as well as the subsurface region are quantified; cutting forces are measured; and surface finish are examed. The study shows that chip formation in constrained cutting can occur in two different deformation modes, i.e., simple shear and complex extrusion, depending on the constrained level. Constrained cutting in simple shear regime can reduce strain, reduce cutting force and energy, and improve surface finish compared to free cutting, therefore it is more efficient for material removal than free cutting. Constrained cutting in the complex extrusion regime imposes a significant amount of surface / subsurface deformation and consumes a very high cutting energy, and therefore is not suitable for material removal. Furthermore, the mechanics of chip formation in both free cutting and constrained cutting, especially the roles played by the free surface and the constraining tool, are discussed.
USP22 promotes hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma stemness by a HIF1α/USP22 positive feedback loop upon TP53 inactivation
Authors: Ling Sunbin , Shan Qiaonan , Zhan Qifan , Ye Qianwei , Liu Peng , Xu Shengjun , He Xin , Ma Jian , Xiang Jiajia , Jiang Guangjiang , Wen Xue , Feng Zijie , Wu Yuan , Feng Tingting , Xu Li , Chen Kangchen , Zhang Xuanyu , Wei Rongli , Zhang Chenzhi , Cen Beini , Xie Haiyang , Song Penghong , Liu Jimin , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate the mutual regulation mechanism of ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), and the mechanism they promote the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under hypoxic conditions.DesignCell counting, migration, self-renewal ability, chemoresistance and expression of stemness genes were established to detect the stemness of HCC cells. Immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to elucidate the mutual regulation mechanism of USP22 and HIF1α. HCC patient samples and The Cancer Genome Atlas data were used to demonstrate the clinical significance. In vivo USP22-targeting experiment was performed in mice bearing HCC.ResultsUSP22 promotes hypoxia-induced HCC stemness and glycolysis by deubiquitinating and stabilising HIF1α. As direct target genes of HIF1α, USP22 and TP53 can be transcriptionally upregulated by HIF1α under hypoxic conditions. In TP53 wild-type HCC cells, HIF1α induced TP53-mediated inhibition of HIF1α-induced USP22 upregulation. In TP53-mutant HCC cells, USP22 and HIF1α formed a positive feedback loop and promote the stemness of HCC. HCC patients with a loss-of-function mutation at TP53 and high USP22 and/or HIF1α expression tend to have a worse prognosis. The USP22-targeting lipopolyplexes caused high tumour inhibition and high sorafenib sensitivity in mice bearing HCC.ConclusionUSP22 promotes hypoxia-induced HCC stemness by a HIF1α/USP22 positive feedback loop on TP53 inactivation. USP22 is a promising target for the HCC therapy.