bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives and practices of health workers around diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in hospitals in a resource-poor setting – modern diagnostics meet age-old challenges
Authors: Oliwa Jacquie Narotso , Odero Sabina Adhiambo , Nzinga Jacinta , Hensbroek Michaël Boele van , Jones Caroline , English Mike , Hoog Anja van't 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Detection of tuberculosis (TB) in children in Kenya is sub-optimal. Xpert MTB/RIF® assay (Xpert®) has potential to improve speed of TB diagnosis due to its sensitivity and fast turnaround for results. Significant effort and resources have been put into making it widely available in Kenya, but its use remains low, especially in children. We set out to explore the reasons for the under-detection of TB and underuse of Xpert® in children, identifying challenges that may be relevant to other newer diagnostics in similar settings.Methods This was an exploratory qualitative study and data collection involved semi-structured interviews; small-group discussions; key informant interviews; observations of TB trainings, sensitisation meetings, policy meetings, hospital practices; and desk review of guidelines, job aides and policy documents. The Capability , Opportunity and Motivation (COM-B) framework was used to interpret emerging themes.Results At individual level, knowledge, skill, competence and experience, as well as beliefs and fears impacted on capability (physical & psychological) as well as motivation (reflective) to diagnose TB in children and use diagnostic tests. Hospital level influencers included hospital norms, processes & patient flows and resources which affected how individual health workers attempted to diagnose TB in children by impacting on their capability (physical & psychological) , motivation (reflective & automatic) and opportunity (physical & social). At the wider system level, community practices & beliefs, and implementation of TB programme directives impacted some of the decisions that health workers made through capability (psychological) , motivation (reflective & automatic) and opportunity (physical).Conclusion We used comprehensive approaches to identify influencers of TB case detection and use of TB diagnostic tests in children in Kenya. These results are being used to design a contextually-appropriate intervention to improve TB diagnosis, which may be relevant to similar low-resource, high TB burden countries.
HfB2-doped ZrB2-30 vol.% SiC composites: Oxidation resistance behavior
Authors: Dodi Ebrahim , Balak Zohre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to investigate the HfB2 on microstructure and oxidation resistance of ZrB2-30 vol% SiC, ZrB2-30 vol% SiC composites with different amount of HfB2 (4, 8 and 12 vol%) were SPSed. Microstructural evaluations were done by scanning electron microscopic (SEM). In order to investigate the oxidation resistance, the samples were placed in box furnace at the temperature of 1400 C for different times. The samples were weighted before and after the oxidation and the 𝛥w was applied as criterion of oxidation. Thickness of SiO2 layer and Si depleted layer were also used as oxidation criterion. The results showed that HfB2 addition, caused to decrease 𝛥w and better oxidation resistance.
Negative impacts of excessive nitrogen fertilization on the abundance and diversity of diazotrophs in black soil with monocropping maize
Authors: Chen La , Li Keke , Shi Wenjun , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Entao , Sui Xinhua , Mi Guohua , Tian Changfu , Chen Wenxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Excessive nitrogen fertilizer input and low nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in maize in China are serious ecological and economic problems, which might affect the procedures in the nitrogen cycle. To reveal the effects of long-term excessive nitrogen fertilization on diazotrophs in maize rhizosphere and bulk soil, we performed a long-term (five-year) N-input experiment (N rates from 0 to 300 kg N ha -1 ) in black soil maize in northeast China. The effect of N fertilizer application rates on the abundance, structure and compositions of diazotrophic community in both the bulk soil and rhizosphere of maize were investigated by Real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, and a structural equation model was constructed based on this study.Results: 1) Excessive N fertilization significantly reduced the abundance and diversity of diazotrophs. 2) The accumulation of Sphingobium was correlated positively with soil nitrate concentration and soil EC, and negatively with soil pH. The contrast correlation was found in Burkholderia . 3) Diazotrophs were enriched in maize rhizosphere, but the diversity and compositions of diazotrophic community were less affected by maize rhizosphere effect. 4) The enriched Bradyrhizobium and Methylobacterium in maize rhizosphere showed a significant positive correlation with of maize plant biomass. Conclusions: Our results suggest that through affecting soil pH, nitrate and EC values, long-term excessive N input increase Sphingobium accumulation and reduce the abundance of beneficial diazotrophs such as Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia ，which contribute to the decreased nitrogen use efficiency.
What determines the price of Bonga sheep at the market level in Southwestern Ethiopia? A Hedonic Price Analysis
Authors: Tarekegn Kassa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bonga sheep is a mutton type breed with long-fat-tail and higher body weight at maturity. The breed is mainly located in Kaffa, Bench-Majji and Sheka zones of the southwestern mid and highland land areas of Ethiopia. Currently, the breed was well known in Ethiopia and also its price is higher as compared to other breeds in the country. However, empirical evidence is lacking on price determinants of the breed in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research was attempted to analyze the factors that determine the market prices of Bonga sheep in southwestern Ethiopia. Data from 300 traded sheep and sheep marketers were collected from five major sheep marketing centers in the Kaffa zone. The hedonic pricing models adjusted for heteroscedasticity were employed to analyze the collected data. The analysis result confirmed that the attributes of the sheep were the important guiding criteria in price formulation. The result also showed that the attributes of the sheep like age, sex, colour, body condition, tail type and presence of horn as well as types of buyers, market place and season were the significant determinants of sheep price. Therefore, targeting in systematic selection the attributes demanded by the market and establishment of community-based selection breeding program in Kaffa and neighboring zones to make sheep improvement sustainable and sheep keepers benefit from the intervention. Besides, effort should be geared to transform the system into a market-oriented system using a value chain framework by improving linkages to markets, access to market information systems.
Distribution of sources of household air pollution: a cross-sectional study in Cameroon.
Authors: Baame Esong Miranda , Goura André Pascal , Mbatchou Bertrand Hugo Ngahane , Walage Berenice , Simo Herman Styve Yomi , Medjou Romarique Mboumo , Sonkoue Martial Pianta , Djouda Cyrielle Douanla , Ngnewa Rose Suzie Fowoh , Guiagain Milaine Sandra Teugueu , Agokeng Brice-Donald Kemnang , Homla Olivia Tania Megaptche , Pope Dan , Ateudjieu Jerome 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Household air pollution (HAP) is a recognised risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular/circulatory disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cataracts. Population exposure to biomass fuels, including wood, varies among countries and from one fuel source to the other. This study aimed to investigate the different sources of HAP in peri-urban and rural communities in Cameroon.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of households from the Dschang Health District ( DHD) region. This included 848 homes in which a range of fuels for cooking including biomass (firewood, charcoal, sawdust), kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were used both indoors and outdoors.Results: Of the study households, 651 (77%) reported exclusive use of firewood and 141 (17%) reported using more than one source of fuel. Exclusive use of firewood was greater in rural communities (94%) than in peri-urban communities (38%). In peri-urban communites, use of multiple fuels including LPG, wood, sawdust and kerosene, was more common (44.75%). A total of 25.03% of households in both peri-urban and rural communities reported using bottled gas (or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Motivations for choice of fuel included, price, availability (easy access), rapidity, tradition or culture related factors.Conclusions: Work to help households (especially those who are resource poor) to adopt LPG equipment for cooking, and use in a more exclusive way is required. Education could help address some of the concerns over the use of LPG.
Resistin Levels In Healthy Non-Diabetes Nigerian-Africans: Effect Of Obesity The ABU Adiporesistin Survey
Authors: Onyemelukwe Obiageli UZOAMAKA , Ogoina Dimie , (MON) Geoffery Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Conflicting findings exist on the mechanisms of resistin in obesity and insulin resistance among white populations, as data on these in black Africans are scarce, on account of genetic/geographical differences. Hence, the study aimed to determine plasma resistin levels in Nigerian-Africans and explore its relationship with obesity and selected cardiometabolic risks. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study on 87 randomly-selected non-diabetes Nigerians of both genders allocated into three study groups: 24 normal weight; 23 overweight and 40 obese groups by the WHO criteria. Fasting Insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and obesity indices were determined. Plasma resistin was measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One-way Kruskal-Wallis test determined cardiometabolic parameters across the groups with Spearman’s correlation assessing relationships. Results Resistin levels were higher in overweight and obese than normal weight subjects {6.6±3.8, 6.7±4.2 versus 5.6±2.9 µIU/mL, ( p<0.001 )}, with highest concentrations in severely obese than mildly and non-obese subjects {(7.4±5.6 versus 6.7±4.2 versus 6.05±3.0 µIU/mL ( p<0.001 , One-way Kruskal-Wallis). However, resistin showed no significant ( p>0.05 ) correlations to HOMA-IR, FI and obesity indices. The higher HOMA-IR found in overweight and obese than normal weight subjects (3.7±3.5, 2.9±2.4 vs. 2.1±0.4, p<0.001 ), was positively correlated to obesity and FI, which also increased from mild to severe BMI categories. Conclusion Higher resistin concentrations are found in severe obesity among non-diabetes black Africans, but its lack of correlation with insulin resistance and obesity indices may suggests possible interplay of other pro-inflammatory cytokines or hormones which may be evaluated in further studies.
A Competing-Risk Nomogram Predicting Second Primary Malignancy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survivors
Authors: Sun Xuqi , Chen Jinbin , Wang Juncheng , Zhou Zhongguo , Xu Li , Zhang Yaojun , Hu Dandan , Chen MS 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survivors are increasing due to the improvement of survival. Follow-up scheme to prevent recurrence is routinely recommended, but are these patients exposed to increased risks of second malignancies remains unknown. We aimed to identify risk factors for second primary malignancies (SPM) among HCC survivors and develop a predicting model accordingly. Methods: We identified HCC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2014. For the incidence of specific SPMs, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. The proportional hazard model was performed in order to discover hazards of SPM, and a competing-risk nomogram was developed to stratify patients with different incidences for SPM. Results:The crude incidence of SPM was 2.70% in HCC survivors, with the SIR of 1.09. HCC survivors had significantly higher incidences of SPM in the following sites: oral cavity and pharynx, stomach, intra and extrahepatic bile duct, lung and bronchus, kidney and renal pelvis, thyroid and lymphatic system (p< 0.05). Patients with diagnosed age at 61-75 years old, smaller tumor size, better histologic differentiation, earlier AJCC stage or surgical history had higher risks for SPM. The c-index of the competing-risk nomogram was 0.663. The cumulative incidences of SPM were significantly different among each quartile of patients stratified by the predicting model (p< 0.05). Conclusion:HCC survivors had an excess risk for SPMs, especially those with promising prognostic factors. This nomogram was the first competing-risk model for identifying high-risk cohort and assist clinical screening.
Comparative population genomic analysis uncovers novel genomic footprints and genes associated with small body size in Chinese pony
Authors: Nanaei Hojjat Asadollahpour , Esmailizadeh Ali , Mehrgardi Ahmad Ayatollahi , Jianlin Han , Wu Dong-Dong , Li Yan , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Body size is considered as one of the most fundamental properties of an organism. Due to intensive breeding and artificial selection throughout the domestication history, horses exhibit striking variations for heights at withers and body sizes. Debao pony (DBP), a famous Chinese horse, is known for its small body size and lives in Guangxi mountains of southern China. In this study, we employed comparative population genomics to study the genetic basis underlying the small body size of DBP breed based on the whole genome sequencing data. To detect genomic signatures of positive selection, we applied three methods based on population comparison, fixation index (FST), cross population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) and nucleotide diversity (Pi), and further analyzed the results to find genomic regions under selection for body size-related traits.Results A number of protein-coding genes with significant (P-value < 0.01) higher FST values (367 genes), XP-CLR scores (681 genes), and a lower value for nucleotide diversity (332 genes) were identified. The most significant signal of positive selection was mapped to the NELL1 gene, probably underlies the body size and development traits, and may also have independently been selected for short stature in the DBP population. In addition, some other loci on different chromosomes were identified to be potentially involved in the development of body size.Conclusions Results of our study identified some positively selected genes across the horse genome, which are possibly involved in body size traits. These novel candidate genes may be useful targets for clarifying our understanding of the molecular basis of body size and as such they should be of great interest for future research into the genetic architecture of relevant traits in horse breeding program.
Evaluation of four scoring systems in prognostication of acute pancreatitis for elderly patients
Authors: Li Yajie , Zhang Jun , Zou Jihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives : To evaluate the four scoring systems, including Ranson, BISAP, Glasgow, and APACHE II in the prognostic assessment of acute pancreatitis (AP) for elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 918 patients presenting with AP was done at Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, from January 2015 to December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: 368 patients who were ≥60 years old, and 550 patients who were <60 years old. Four scoring systems were used to analyze all patients. Results: The severity of the disease, and mortality are significantly different between the two groups (p-value <0.05), while the difference between the two groups about pancreatic necrosis is statistically insignificant (p-value =0.399). The differences of the AUCs (Area under curves) in prognostication of SAP (severe acute pancreatitis) between the two groups are statistically significant (p-value <0.05) for Ranson and APACHE II, while for BISAP and Glasgow, the differences are statistically insignificant. All the four scoring systems are effective and similar in prediction of pancreatic necrosis and death for both groups.Conclusions: Prediction of severity, pancreatic necrosis and death in AP for elderly patients can be performed very well by using BISAP. APACHE II is more suitable for younger patients when dealing with severity. Ranson and Glasgow can be used to evaluate all AP patients in most cases, however, Ranson is more effective for younger patients when used to assess severity.
Prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression among women attending antenatal care follow up at Michu Clinic in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019.
Authors: Beyene Birhane Gebrehiwot , Gebremichael Gebrewahd Bezabhy , Gebreselassie Abreha Tsegay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Antenatal depression is a serious mental health problem that can negatively affect the lives of women. Depressive disorders are not only common and chronic among women throughout the world but also the principal source of disability. The scarce information and limited attention to the problem might aggravate the consequence of the problem and can limit the intervention to be taken. So the purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression among women.

Methods

An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted by systemic random sampling technique among 203 pregnant women following Antenatal care at Michu clinic in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March to June 2019. An interviewer administered Beck Depression Inventory (II) questionnaire was used to assess individual’s depression condition after consent obtained from participants. Data was entered and analyzed by using statically package for social science version 22. Then bivariate regression with p-value ≤0.25 was entered in to multivariate regression with p-value
The nutriRECIPE-Index - Development and Validation of a Nutrient-Weighted Index for the Evaluation of Recipes
Authors: Forner Frank , Volkhardt Ina , Meier Toni , Christen Olaf , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Our objective was to develop a nutrient-based index for evaluating and improving menus in public catering. The nutriRECIPE-Index comprises 24 nutrients/nutrient groups, and in developing the index, the following steps were included: setting the goals of the index, nutrient selection, target metrics and scaling, weighing, proof of concept and the validation of the index. Furthermore, a unique database was created to integrate bioactive plant compounds in the assessment. An assessment of standard recipes and supposedly healthy recipes should show a significant difference in the results of the nutriRECIPE-Index. Finally, the nutriRECIPE-Index should prove to generate similar or more specific results than existing indices like the nutriScore and the Healthy Meal Index.Methods : A whole meal cycle (comprising 6 weeks, 106 recipes and including different menu lines, partially with different side dishes) at a university canteen was analysed with the Federal Food Code (BLS) and the nutriRECIPE-Index. The Healthy Meal Index (comprising 3 nutritionally relevant items) and the nutriScore-algorithm (comprising 7 items) were used to validate the nutrient composition and the results of the nutriRECIPE-Index.Results : The resulting scores of the recipes and menu lines show substantial differences, while the meals of a health-promoting menu line usually received higher scores than the standard recipes. A correlation between the scores of the nutriRECIPE-Index and the scores of the Healthy Meal Index (0.604) and the Nutri-Score (0.591) was observed. The nutriRECIPE-Index was better in identifying the worst menus, and in separating mediocre menus from the good ones.Conclusion : The nutriRECIPE index is a useful and comprehensive tool to evaluate the nutritional value of recipes and is the first to consider bioactive plant compounds. Further adjustments to different target populations, settings, and cultural backgrounds are possible.
Development and validation of prognostic factors for lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer: A SEER analysis
Authors: Li Xingchen , Cheng Yuan , Dong Yangyang , Zhou Jingyi , Yang Xiao , Shen Boqiang , Wu Xiaotong , Wang Zhiqi , Li Xiaoping , Wang Jianliu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram that can be used to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods: Clinical data of EC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) registry. The nomogram was constructed using independent risk factors chosen using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Accuracy was validated for both groups using discrimination analysis and calibration curves. The predictive accuracy and clinical value of the nomogram and Mayo criteria were compared using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The final study group consisted of 63,836 women that met specific inclusion criteria. The factors that were identified in the multivariate analysis to be notable predictors of LNM were age, tumor size, histological type, cervical stromal invasion, tumor grade, and myometrial invasion. These risk factors were included in the nomogram. Discriminations of the nomogram and Mayo criteria were 0.848 (95% CI: 0.843-0.853) and 0.806 (95%CI: 0.801-0.812), respectively. In the validation group, the AUC values were 0.847 (95%CI: 0.840-0.857) and 0.804 (95%CI: 0.796-0.813) for the nomogram and the Mayo criteria, respectively ( P <0.01). Calibration plots showed that training and validation cohorts were well-calibrated. DCA revelaed that by using the nomogram always had a positive net benefit compared to using the Mayo criteria. Conclusions: A nomogram was developed to predict LNM in EC patients based on a large population-based analysis. The nomogram showed good performance for predicting LNM in patients with EC.