bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-7 Uterine artery hemodynamics and placentome quantification during maternal nutrient restriction in beef cattle
Authors: Reid Dana , Lemley Caleb O , Yankey Kalisha , Burnett Derris 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Proper fetal nutrition via adequate uteroplacental blood flow is critical for maximizing fetal development and reducing mortality. However, our understanding of adaptations during maternal nutrient restriction is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrient restriction during mid to late gestation on utero-placental hemodynamics and placentome morphometrics in gestating beef cattle. Animals (n = 10) were randomly assigned one of 2 treatments: Control (CON; 100% NRC Requirements) vs Restricted Feed (NR; 60% of NRC Requirements) from 140 to 240 days of gestation. Hemodynamic parameters were collected by Doppler ultrasonography 1 week prior to slaughter from the ipsilateral and contralateral uterine arteries, after which, total uterine artery blood flow was calculated. Six animals (n = 3 per treatment) were slaughtered on day 240 of gestation (Group 1) and the remaining 4 animals were slaughtered on 265 ± 15 days (Group 2). Placentome tissues were harvested for weight and number determination. Placentome number decreased (P = 0.01) in nutrient restricted (49 ± 6) versus control (83 ± 6) fed dams. There was an interaction between treatment and group in which ipsilateral diameter increased (P &lt; 0.05) in group 2 NR animals versus group 2 CON animals while there was no difference between NR and CON in group 1. There was no difference (P = 0.30) in total uterine artery blood flow in fetal weight, which averaged 212 ± 37 mL/min*kg in nutrient restricted versus 153 ± 34 mL/min*kg in control fed dams. In summary, these data indicate limited alterations in uterine artery blood flow and fetal weight in nutrient restricted dams during the last half of gestation. The decrease in placentome number with no difference in placentome weight could indicate larger placentomes in nutrient restricted dams were able to compensate for the reduction in total number.
PSII-15 Effects of oxidized feed on productivity, plasma oxidative stress, and meat quality of broilers
Authors: Attuquayefio Wendy , Min Byungrok R , Don Anuradha Punchihewage , Timmons Jennifer , OH Sang-Hyon , Ahn Dong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High environmental temperature due to climate change can accelerate oxidation of feed during storage and preparation. Oxidized feed can cause elevated oxidative stress in live birds, resulting in decreased productivity and meat quality of broilers. The study was aimed to determine effects of feed containing oxidized oil on growth performance, plasma oxidative stress, and breast meat quality of broilers. Male broilers (192; Cobb500) at 21 days old were randomly allotted to 32 pens (8 pens/treatment) and raised for 21 days. The birds were fed feed containing fresh (Control) or oxidized corn oil (5%, Peroxide Value:140) with or without vitamin E (500 IU/kg feed) supplementation. Growth performance, oxidative stress markers in plasma collected at Day 42, and quality parameters of breast meat harvested at Day 43 were determined. Data were analyzed using proc glm and means were compared using Tukey’s studentized range (HSD) test. Oxidized feed and/or vitamin E supplementation did not affect growth performance and plasma DNA and protein oxidation. Oxidized feed significantly increased lipid oxidation and reduced total antioxidant capacity in plasma (P &lt; 0.05) and, interestingly, dietary vitamin E made them worse (P &lt; 0.05), indicating that oxidized lipids in feed can induce oxidative stress in live birds and vitamin E may act as a pro-oxidant in highly oxidized conditions. Although they did not affect sensory and functional properties of chicken breast meat, oxidized feed significantly increased lipid oxidation in cooked meat (P &lt; 0.05) but dietary vitamin E considerably inhibited its development (P &lt; 0.05), indicating that oxidized oil and vitamin E in feed can be accumulated in muscle and act as a pro- and anti-oxidants in meat, respectively. The results suggested that oxidized oil in feed can increase oxidative stress in live birds and susceptibility of breast meat to lipid oxidation, and dietary vitamin E can improve its oxidative stability.
PSI-20 The effect of ewe gastrointestinal nematode burden during the periparturient period on lamb growth
Authors: Mosichuk Allison , Petersson Katherine , Hoffman Maria L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Research evaluating the effects of ewe gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) during the periparturient period (PPR) on offspring growth is limited. We hypothesized ewes with a greater parasite burden during the PPR will negatively impact birth and weaning weight. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured in ewes (2018, n = 11) at 3 weeks pre-partum (-3), birth, 3 (+3) and 6 (+6) wks postpartum. Lamb birth weight, weaning weight (WW), and ADG (birth - 8 weeks) were collected. Ewes in the upper 50% (n = 5–6) and lower 50% (n = 5–6) for PCV were classified as either HIGH and LOW at each time period. Data were analyzed in SAS using proc mixed (significance P ≤ 0.05). PCVs for LOW and HIGH ewes were (mean ± SEM) 27% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 0.8% at -3, 28% ± 0.3% vs 32% ± 0.4% at birth, 24% ± 0.4% vs 29% ± 0.6% at +3, and 25% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 1.0% at +6 respectively. Post-partum, lambs reared by LOW ewes exhibited reduced ADG (0.69 ± 0.03 kg/d vs 0.81 ± 0.03 kg/d; P = 0.02) and WW (29.34 kg ± 1.41 kg vs 33.64 kg ± 1.47 kg; P = 0.04) compared to lambs reared by HIGH ewes. Lambs reared by LOW ewes at +3 exhibited reduced ADG versus lambs reared by HIGH ewes (0.69 ± 0.034 kg/d vs. 0.81 ± 0.034 kg/d; P = 0.02). No effect of maternal PCV on birth weight or WW, at -3, birth, or +6 was observed on offspring birth weight, WW, or ADG (P ≥ 0.13). In conclusion, the effects of PPR GNI appear to be postnatal.
PSI-37 Comparative evaluation of growth parameters in pure and hybrid African catfishes
Authors: Abanikannda Olatunji , Abagun Ayobami , Jimoh Abayomi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aquaculture assist in bridging the wide gap by meeting demands for fish and provision of less expensive animal protein in Nigeria. Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis are generally acceptable important species of catfish, and highly priced because of their high biological values in terms of protein retention, assimilation and low cholesterol content, necessitating the need to evaluate their potentials. Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (purebreed) and Clariabranchus (hybrid) were grouped according to their weights, assigned to two tanks each and fed 5% of their body weight daily. Measurements of body weight (g), total length (cm) and standard length (cm) were taken weekly on each fish. At the commencement of the experiment, there were 281 fishes comprising 150 purebreed and 131 hybrid. By the end of the study (21 days), some died or were outliers and a total of 224 fishes comprising 108 purebreed and 116 hybrid were finally evaluated. Indices computed included Length-Weight Relationship (LWR), Fulton’s Condition Factor (K), Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Mean Growth Rate (MGR). The coefficient of the LWR was respectively 2.42 and 2.82 for the pure breed and hybrids. Effect of breed was highly significant (P &lt; 0.01) on all variables studied and the hybrid consistently outperformed the pure breed except in exception of condition factor which is a measure of wellness of the fish (Table 1). The superiority of the hybrid in all variables studied except condition factor, is indicative of its potential as a better feed converter, thus it is more efficient in feed utilization, and it is recommended for commercial fish producers for maximum yield and higher profit. The study provides a veritable platform for further research on the potentials of interspecific hybridization with a view to minimizing production cost engendered by high cost of feed.
PSI-36 Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in mature and senior stock-type horses
Authors: McClure Emili , Heaton Courtney P , Sajeev Dishnu , Dinh Thu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) causes health complications through the destruction of cellular components as individuals age. Reactive oxygen species are used to measure OS through Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Other prebiotics have been used to reduce OS markers in numerous species; however, the effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on OS has not been studied in the horse. Ten healthy stock-type horses were blocked by age into 2 groups: mature (MA; n = 5; 7.0 ± 0.87 yr) and senior (SR; n = 5; 22.6 ± 1.1 yr) to analyze effects of scFOS on TEAC and TBARS. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets for 25 d before transition to another diet. Diets were bermudagrass hay offered at 1.5% BW/d hay as-fed, hay with a ration balancer (CON), or hay with a ration balancer and scFOS added at a rate of 2.5 g/kg (PRE). Prior to a total fecal collection for an alternate study, horses were fasted overnight for 8 h with blood samples taken immediately prior to feeding (0), 30, and 60 min postprandial. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed for the 2 ration balancer diets. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS using the MIXED procedure with horse within diet as a random effect with significance of P ≤ 0.05. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was unaffected by diet (P = 0.827) or age (P = 0.347). Time (P = 0.006) was significant for TBARS which increased postprandial regardless of treatment or age. Consistent with other species, higher levels of OS was found in SR compared to MA regardless of time or diet (P = 0.037; 4.491 µM vs. 3.412 µM TBARS, respectively). These results indicate that scFOS do not seem to be effective in reducing OS in SR and MA horses.
PSIII-29 Effects of late gestational tall fescue forage system on spring-calving beef cow performance, circulating metabolites, and colostrum quality
Authors: Stephenson Emma L , Heller Meera C , Kenny Ann L , Meyer Allison M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Multiparous cows [n = 56; 639 ± 73 (SD) kg initial BW; 5.3 ± 0.4 initial BCS; 5.9 ± 3.0 yr of age; February 16, 2016 average calving date] were allocated by BW, BCS, age, and expected calving date to strip-graze endophyte-infected stockpiled tall fescue (STF; n = 4 pastures; 12.5% CP, 59.5% NDF; DM basis) or consume ad libitum endophyte-infected tall fescue hay (n = 4 uncovered drylots; 7.5% CP, 65.3% NDF; DM basis) for the last 75.0 ± 11.9 d of gestation. At 13.5 ± 1.6 d pre-calving, STF cows were moved to drylots and fed tall fescue haylage (12.6% CP, 61.7% NDF; DM basis). Effects of forage system were included in the model with pen as experimental unit. For gestational metabolites, effects of forage system, day, and their interaction were included with day as a repeated measure. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.35) cow BW. Cows fed STF had greater (P ≤ 0.06) BCS than hay-fed cows at d 32 and 62 of study. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.12) gestational plasma glucose or triglycerides. Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were greater (P ≤ 0.005) in hay-fed cows at d 32 and 82 of study and less (P = 0.02) at d 62 of study. After study initiation, serum urea N was greater (P ≤ 0.002) in STF-fed cows than hay-fed cows. At colostrum sampling (6.8 ± 0.9 h postpartum), forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.10) circulating NEFA, glucose, or triglycerides. Cows fed STF had greater (P ≤ 0.002) serum and colostrum urea N than hay-fed cows. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.17) colostrum protein, lactose, triglyceride, or immunoglobulin concentrations. In conclusion, grazing STF improved cow BCS and altered cow metabolic status but did not affect colostrum quality.
PSVIII-26 Gene editing of complex traits
Authors: Ling Ashley , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gene editing (GE) is a form of genetic engineering in which DNA is removed, inserted or replaced. For simple monogenic traits, the technology has been successfully implemented to create heritable modifications in animals and plants. The benefits of these niche applications are undeniable. For quantitative traits the benefits of GE are hard to quantify mainly because these traits are not genetic enough (low to moderate heritability) and their genetic architecture is often complex. Because its impact on the gene pool through the introduction of heritable modifications, the potential gain from GE must be evaluated within reasonable production parameters and in comparison, with available tools used in animal selection. A simulation was performed to compare GE with genomic selection (GS) and QTN-assisted selection (QAS) under four experimental factors: 1) heritability (0.1 or 0.4), 2) number of QTN affecting the trait (1000 or 10000) and their effect distribution (Gamma or uniform); 3) Percentage of selected females (100% or 33%); and 4) fixed or variable number of edited QTNs. Three models GS (M1), GS and GE (M2), and GS and QAS (M3) were implemented and compared. When the QTN effects were sampled from a Gamma distribution, all females were selected, and non-segregating QTNs were replaced, M2 clearly outperformed M1 and M3, with superiority ranging from 19 to 61%. Under the same scenario, M3 was 7 to 23% superior to M1. As the complexity of the genetic model increased (10000 QTN; uniform distribution), only one third of the females were selected, and the number of edited QTNs was fixed, the superiority of M2 was significantly reduced. In fact, M2 was only slightly better than M3 (2 to 6%). In all cases, M2 and M3 were better than M1. These results indicate that under realistic scenarios, GE for complex traits might have only limited advantages.
PSVIII-21 Bivariate genomic prediction with different heritability, QTL and SNP panel scenarios using artificial neural network
Authors: Peters Sunday O , Sinecen Mahmut , Kizilkaya Kadir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A bivariate simulation study was carried out to compare the accuracies of genomic predictions from bivariate artificial neural network model with 1 to 10 neurons (ANN-1–10) using the SNPs on the first chromosome of Brangus beef cattle for 50% genetically correlated two traits with heritabilities of 25% and 50% (T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5) determined either by 50, 100, 250 or 500 QTL. After QTL were created by randomly selecting 50, 100, 250 and 500 SNPs from the 3361 SNPs of 719 animals, their effects were sampled from a bivariate normal distribution. The breeding value of animal i in each QTL scenario was generated as Σgijβ j where gij is the genotype of animal i at QTL j and the vector of β j has the effects of QTL j from a bivariate normal distribution for T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5. Phenotypic values (Σgijβ j+ei) of animal i for traits were generated by adding residuals (ei) from a bivariate normal distribution to the Σgijβ j of animal i. Genomic predictions for T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5 were carried out by bivariate Feed Forward MultiLayer Perceptron ANN-1–10 neurons with three sets of SNP panels, only QTL genotypes (Panel1), all SNP markers, including the QTL (Panel2), and all SNP markers, excluding the QTL (Panel3). The correlations between phenotypes and predicted phenotypes from 10-fold cross validation for bivariate analysis of T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5 were used to assess predictive ability of bivariate ANN-1–10 neurons based on 4 QTL scenarios with 3 Panels of SNP panels. Correlations for genomic predictions of T2h2=0.5 were higher than those from T2h2=0.25 for all QTL and Panel scenarios (Table 1). Panle2 including QTL and SNP performs better prediction than Panel1 and Panel3 in QTL100, QTL250 and QTL500 scenarios and the correlation from Panel3 including only SNP, which is more realistic, are similar to or higher than those from Panel1.
PSVIII-27 A weighted genomic relationship matrix based on FST prioritized SNPs for genomic selection
Authors: Chang Ling-Yun , Toghiani Sajjad , Hay E L Hamidi , Aggrey Samuel E , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using low to moderate density SNP marker panels, a substantial increase in accuracy was achieved. The dramatic increase in the number of identified variants due to advances in next generation sequencing was expected to significantly increase the accuracy of genomic selection (GS). Unfortunately, little to no improvement was observed. For mixed model-based approaches, using all SNPs in the panel to compute the observed relationship matrix (G) will not increase accuracy as the additive relationships between individuals can be accurately estimated using a much smaller number of markers. Due to these limitations, variant prioritization has become a necessity to improve accuracy. Further, it has been shown that weighting SNPs when calculating G could be effective in improving the accuracy of GS. FST as a measure population differential has been successfully used to identify genome segments under selection pressure. Consequently, FST could be used to both prioritize SNPs and to derive their relative weight in the calculation of the genomic relationship matrix. A population of 15,000 animals genotyped for 400K SNP markers uniformly-distributed along 10 chromosomes was simulated. A trait with heritability 0.3 genetically controlled by two hundred QTL was generated. The top 20K SNPs based on their FST scores were used either alone or with the remaining 380K SNPs to compute G with or without weighting. When only the top 20K SNPs were used to compute G, two scenarios were considered: 1) equal weights for all SNPs or 2) weights proportional to the SNP FST scores. When all 400K SNP markers were used, different weighting scenarios were evaluated. The results clearly showed that prioritizing SNP markers based on their FST score and using the latter to compute relative weights has increased the genetic similarity between training and validations animals and resulted in more than 5% improvement in the accuracy of GS.
PSVIII-22 Microsatellite-based heterozygosity fitness correlations in reindeer
Authors: Dotsev Arsen V , Kharzinova Veronika R , Romanenko Tatiana M , Brem Gottfried , Nikitkina Elena , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inbred individuals often show reduced fitness due to increased number of loci identical by descent as the loss of heterozygosity may lead to the unmasking of deleterious recessive alleles. Inbreeding level can be measured either based on pedigree or genetic markers. The latter can be used for heterozygosity fitness correlation (HFC) studies in populations which pedigrees are unknown. Here, we estimated individual heterozygosity level in reindeer based on ten STR and investigated heterozygosity fitness correlations. A total of 64 individuals were divided into two groups: males (M, n = 16) and females (F, n = 48). The influence of inbreeding on height at withers (HaW), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), chest girth (CG), wrist girth (WG), body length(BL), head length (HL), body weight (BW), hip width (HW) and loin width (LW) was examined. R package “inbreedR” was used for statistical analysis. Identity disequilibrium point estimate - g2 was calculated to estimate the correlations between inbreeding, multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and fitness. For M group the measure of g2 was 0.03390±0.02564, p (g2 &gt;0) = 0.017, and for F group - 0.03973±0.02377, p (g2 &gt; 0) = 0.006. Expected r2 between inbreeding level and heterozygosity was 0.49795 and 0.40812 for M and F, respectively. The highest HFCs in M group were detected for CG - 0.35, WG – 0.26, BW – 0.18 and HW – 0.14 i.e. traits that are characteristics for body composition. The highest HFCs in F group were for LW – 0.22, CW – 0.16 and HaW – 0.15 i.e. traits related to reproductivity. For all the other traits HFCs were close to zero. Our study demonstrated that STR can be used for calculations of MLH and inbreeding correlations as well as for detecting traits that are influenced by inbreeding in reindeer. The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Pr. no.16-16-10068).
PSVIII-25 Effect of rate of weight gain and expected progeny difference (EPD) of the sire on puberty of crossbreed heifers (Angus x Nellore) weaned early
Authors: Barroso José P R , Oliveira Gabriela B , Polizel Daniel M , Biava Janaina S , Ferraz Marcos V C , Miszura Alexandre A , Martins André S , Limede Arnaldo C , Ferreira Evandro M , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated whether the rate of weight gain (RWG) on pre-puberty and the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) of the sire increases puberty rate in crossed beef heifers. Sixty Angus x Nellore heifers weaned early (102±4.3 d of age; 103±4.7 kg of BW) were used in a 2x2 factorial treatment design. Factor 1 was the RWG in period 1 (3rd to 7th month of age): High ADG (0.95 kg), with DMI ad libitum (HG) or Medium ADG (0.70 kg), with DMI of 1.5% of BW (MG); the diet was the same in different amount (CP 19%; NDF 21%; TDN 79%). In period 2 (7th month of age to puberty), all heifers were fed ad libitum (CP 16%; NDF 27%; TDN 78%). Factor 2 was the sire’s EPD for sexual precocity: Positive EPD (PE) or Negative EPD (NE). Puberty was considered when corpus luteum was identified by the weekly ultrasonography examination. Statistical analysis was performed using MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.3. There was no interaction between factors. Considering the RWG (HG vs MG), there was no effect on puberty rate (77.5 vs 69.0 %; P = 0.36), BW (318.00±9.87 vs 318.84±10.49 kg; P = 0.93), age (332.04±11.99 vs 343.66±12.74 d; P = 0.36) and BCS at puberty (7.48±0.22 vs 7.28±0.24; P = 0.38). Considering the EPD (PE vs NE), there was effect on puberty rate (87.0 vs 59.5 %; P = 0.03) and BW at puberty (337.85±9.22 vs 299.00±11.14 kg; P = 0.0005). The EPD did not affect age (346.73±11.20 vs 328.98±13.52 d; P = 0.16) and BCS at puberty (7.38±0.21 vs 7.38±0.25; P = 0.97). In conclusion, the RWG from 3rd to 7th month of age did not influence puberty rate; however, the PE increased the puberty rate of Angus x Nellore heifers at 15th month of age.