bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Postoperative Morphologic Changes of Ankle Mortise and Ankle Joint Function After Pilon Fracture
Authors: Liu Yubo , Wang Chaoliang , Zheng Lihong , Zhang Huizeng , Zhang Tongrun 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
We aimed to explore the correlation between the postoperative morphologic changes of ankle mortise and ankle joint function after Ruedi-Allgower type III pilon fracture.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed for 60 patients with Ruedi-Allgower type III pilon fractures receiving surgical treatment. The height, width, depth, coronal angle, and sagittal angle of ankle mortise were measured based on X-ray films during the last follow-up. The ankle joint function on the injured side was scored according to the Mazur ankle grading scale, and the patients were divided into an excellent group (n = 41), a good group (n = 12), and a mediocre + poor group (n = 7).

Results:
The correlation between the morphologic changes of ankle mortise and function was analyzed by comparing the five indices of ankle mortise on injured and healthy sides. The injured and healthy sides had significantly different widths, depths, and coronal and sagittal angles of ankle mortise. The differences between the indices of ankle mortise on injured and healthy sides, except for that between heights, were negatively correlated with scores. The differences increased with decreasing score. Effective treatment of the width and depth, together with coronal and sagittal angles of ankle mortise, was significantly correlated with postoperative ankle joint function.

Conclusions:
Anatomical reduction for the width, depth, and coronal and sagittal angles of ankle mortise of patients with Ruedi-Allgower type III pilon fractures exerts significant positive effects on ankle joint function. Thus, the anatomical form of ankle mortise should be restored as much as possible during surgery.
Hysteretic Ion Migration and Remanent Field in Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Borodinov Nikolay , Lorenz Matthias , Ahmadi Mahshid , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ievlev Anton V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe gap in understanding how underlying chemical dynamics impact the functionality of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) leads to the controversy about the origin of many phenomena associated with ion migration in MHPs. In particular, the debate regarding the impact of ion migration on current–voltage (I–V) hysteresis of MHPs devices has lasted for many years, where the difficulty lies in directly uncovering the chemical dynamics, as well as identifying and separating the impact of specific ions. In this work, using a newly developed time‐resolved time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry CH3NH3+ and I− migrations in CH3NH3PbI3 are directly observed, revealing hysteretic CH3NH3+ and I− migrations. Additionally, hysteretic CH3NH3+ migration is illumination‐dependent. Correlating these results with the I–V characterization, this work uncovers that CH3NH3+ redistribution can induce a remanent field leading to a spontaneous current in the device. It unveils that the CH3NH3+ migration is responsible for the illumination‐associated I–V hysteresis in MHPs. Hysteretic ion migration has not been uncovered and the contribution of any ions (e.g., CH3NH3+) has not been specified before. Such insightful and detailed information has up to now been missing, which is critical to improving MHPs photovoltaic performance and developing MHPs‐based memristors and synaptic devices.
Intraoperative ketamine for reduction in postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery: A double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yao Jiaxin , Song Tingting , Zhang Yue , Guo Nan , Zhao Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disease happens in perinatal period. Ketamine as an anesthesia and analgesia drug has been used for a long time. In recent years, ketamine is proved to have an antidepression effect with a single administration. We hypothesized that intraoperative ketamine can reduce postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study trail, healthy women scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg diluted to 5 ml with 0.9% saline) or placebo (5 ml of 0.9% saline) within 5 min following clamping of the neonatal umbilical cord. The primary outcome was the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms, which was evaluated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, a threshold of 9/10 was used) at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after delivery. The secondary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score of pain at 2 days postpartum. This trail is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR1900022464.ResultsBetween 26 January 2019 and 15 July 2019, 502 subjects were screened and 330 were randomly allocated: 165 (50%) to the ketamine group and 165 (50%) to the placebo group. There were significant differences in the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms between subjects in the ketamine group and the placebo group at 1 week postpartum (13.1% vs. 22.6%, respectively; p = .029). However, no difference was found between subjects in the two groups at 2 weeks (11.8% vs. 16.8%, respectively; p = .209) and 1 month postpartum (10.5% vs. 14.2%, respectively; p = .319). The NRS score of wound pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.0 ± 1.0, respectively; p < .001) and uterine contraction pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9, respectively; p < .001) was lower in the ketamine group at 2 days postpartum compared with placebo group. The prevalence of headache, hallucination, and dizziness was higher in the ketamine group than the placebo group during the operation.ConclusionsOperative intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) can reduce the postpartum depressive symptoms for 1 week. The long‐time effect is remained to be seen.
Machine learning is a valid method for predicting prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Qinqin , Zhao Qiuli , Zhu Xuemei , Wang Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the influencing factors associated with long onset‐to‐door time and establish predictive models that could help to assess the probability of prehospital delay in populations with a high risk for stroke.Materials and MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and hospitalized between 1 November 2018 and 31 July 2019 were interviewed, and their medical records were extracted for data analysis. Two machine learning algorithms (support vector machine and Bayesian network) were applied in this study, and their predictive performance was compared with that of the classical logistic regression models after using several variable selection methods. Timely admission (onset‐to‐door time < 3 hr) and prehospital delay (onset‐to‐door time ≥ 3 hr) were the outcome variables. We computed the area under curve (AUC) and the difference in the mean AUC values between the models.ResultsA total of 450 patients with AIS were enrolled; 57 (12.7%) with timely admission and 393 (87.3%) patients with prehospital delay. All models, both those constructed by logistic regression and those by machine learning, performed well in predicting prehospital delay (range mean AUC: 0.800–0.846). The difference in the mean AUC values between the best performing machine learning model and the best performing logistic regression model was negligible (0.014; 95% CI: 0.013–0.015).ConclusionsMachine learning algorithms were not inferior to logistic regression models for prediction of prehospital delay after stroke. All models provided good discrimination, thereby creating valuable diagnostic programs for prehospital delay prediction.
Musculoskeletal stiffness is common in healthy adults and increases with age
Authors: Watson Hugh , Lynggård Hansen Amalie , Calusi Giulia , Bartels Lars Erik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction/ObjectiveMusculoskeletal stiffness is a common feature in rheumatologic inflammatory diseases but little is known about background joint stiffness in the healthy population. The aim of this survey was to determine the variation in musculoskeletal stiffness with age in a cohort of healthy adults using a patient reported outcome instrument designed to assess stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsHealthy subjects ≥18 years old were enrolled at two sites. Those with a diagnosis of rheumatological disease were excluded. Each subject completed a 21‐item questionnaire designed to evaluate the severity of musculoskeletal stiffness, its physical impact and psychosocial impact, and to provide an overall stiffness score, expressed as a percentage. Scores were analyzed by age group.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐two subjects were included with a mean age of 42 years (±17, range 18–85). More than 50% of subjects reported stiffness in each age group but with a low median overall stiffness score of 5.4% (IQR 0, 12.6). Scores were markedly higher in those aged ≥60 years, median 10.0% (IQR 2.6, 21.9), and only in this age group did the majority of subjects report a physical or psychosocial impact of stiffness. Scores in males and females were similar.ConclusionThe prevalence of musculoskeletal stiffness in healthy subjects of all ages is not negligible, and the high frequency of stiffness and greater severity in the upper age cohort suggest that the background joint stiffness amongst older subjects should be considered when interpreting stiffness in rheumatologic patients.
Absence of methamphetamine‐induced conditioned place preference in weaver mutant mice
Authors: Ikekubo Yuiko , Ide Soichiro , Hagino Yoko , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsG protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are related to rewarding effects of addictive drugs. The GIRK2 subunit is thought to play key roles in the reward system. Weaver mutant mice exhibit abnormal GIRK2 function and different behaviors that are caused by several addictive substances compared with wild‐type mice. However, mechanisms of reward‐related alterations in weaver mutant mice remain unclear. The present study investigated changes in the rewarding effects of methamphetamine (METH) in weaver mutant mice.MethodsThe rewarding effects of METH (4.0 mg/kg) were investigated using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Extracellular dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was measured by in vivo microdialysis. To identify brain regions that were associated with these changes in rewarding effects, METH‐induced alterations of Fos expression were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsWeaver mutant mice exhibited a significant decrease in METH‐induced CPP and dopamine release in the NAc. Methamphetamine significantly increased Fos expression in the posterior NAc (pNAc) shell in wild‐type but not in weaver mutant mice.ConclusionsMethamphetamine did not induce rewarding effects in weaver mutant mice. The pNAc shell exhibited a significant difference in neuronal activity between wild‐type and weaver mutant mice. The present results suggest that the absence of METH‐induced CPP in weaver mutant mice is probably related to an innate reduction of dopamine and decreased neural activity in the pNAc shell that is partially attributable to the change of GIRK channel function. GIRK channels, especially those containing the GIRK2 subunit, appear to be involved in METH dependence.
Counterterms, Kounterterms, and the variational problem in AdS gravity
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Miskovic Olivera , Olea Rodrigo , Papadimitriou Ioannis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show that the Kounterterms for pure AdS gravity in arbitrary even dimensions coincide with the boundary counterterms obtained through holographic renormalization if and only if the boundary Weyl tensor vanishes. In particular, the Kounterterms lead to a well posed variational problem for generic asymptotically locally AdS manifolds only in four dimensions. We determine the exact form of the counterterms for conformally flat boundaries and demonstrate that, in even dimensions, the Kounterterms take exactly the same form. This agreement can be understood as a consequence of Anderson’s theorem for the renormalized volume of conformally compact Einstein 4-manifolds and its higher dimensional generalizations by Albin and Chang, Qing and Yang. For odd dimensional asymptotically locally AdS manifolds with a conformally flat boundary, the Kounterterms coincide with the boundary counterterms except for the logarithmic divergence associated with the holographic conformal anomaly, and finite local terms.
Recursion and worldsheet formulae for 6d superamplitudes
Authors: Albonico Giulia , Geyer Yvonne , Mason Lionel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently two of the authors presented a spinorial extension of the scattering equations, the polarized scattering equations that incorporates spinor polarization data. These led to new worldsheet amplitude formulae for a variety of gauge, gravity and brane theories in six dimensions that naturally incorporate fermions and directly extend to maximal supersymmetry. This paper provides a number of improvements to the original formulae, together with extended details of the construction, examples and full proofs of some of the formulae by BCFW recursion and factorization. We show how our formulae reduce to corresponding formulae for maximally supersymmetric gauge, gravity and brane theories in five and four dimensions. In four dimensions our framework naturally gives the twistorial version of the 4d ambitwistor string, giving new insights into the nature of the refined and polarized scattering equations they give rise to, and on the relations between its measure and the CHY measure. Our formulae exhibit a natural double-copy structure being built from ‘half-integrands’. We give further discussion of the matrix of theories and formulae to which our half-integrands give rise, including controversial formulae for amplitudes involving Gerbes.
New locally (super)conformal gauge models in Bach-flat backgrounds
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Ponds Michael , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For every conformal gauge field $$ {h}_{\alpha (n)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(m)} $$

h

α

n

α
⋅

m

in four dimensions, with n ≥ m > 0, a gauge-invariant action is known to exist in arbitrary conformally flat backgrounds. If the Weyl tensor is non-vanishing, however, gauge invariance holds for a pure conformal field in the following cases: (i) n = m = 1 (Maxwell’s field) on arbitrary gravitational backgrounds; and (ii) n = m + 1 = 2 (conformal gravitino) and n = m = 2 (conformal graviton) on Bach-flat backgrounds. It is believed that in other cases certain lower-spin fields must be introduced to ensure gauge invariance in Bach-flat backgrounds, although no closed-form model has yet been constructed (except for conformal maximal depth fields with spin s = 5/2 and s = 3). In this paper we derive such a gauge-invariant model describing the dynamics of a conformal gauge field $$ {h}_{\alpha (3)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }} $$

h

α

3

α
⋅

coupled to a self-dual two-form. Similar to other conformal higher-spin theories, it can be embedded in an off-shell superconformal gauge-invariant action. To this end, we introduce a new family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal gauge multiplets described by unconstrained prepotentials ϒα(n), with n > 0, and propose the corresponding gauge-invariant actions on conformally-flat backgrounds. We demonstrate that the n = 2 model, which contains $$ {h}_{\alpha (3)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }} $$

h

α

3

α
⋅

at the component level, can be lifted to a Bach-flat background provided ϒα(2) is coupled to a chiral spinor Ωα. We also propose families of (super)conformal higher-derivative non-gauge actions and new superconformal operators in any curved space. Finally, through considerations based on supersymmetry, we argue that the conformal spin-3 field should always be accompanied by a conformal spin-2 field in order to ensure gauge invariance in a Bach-flat background.
Higgs inflation, vacuum stability, and leptogenesis
Authors: Barrie Neil D. , Sugamoto Akio , Takeuchi Tatsu , Yamashita Kimiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider the introduction of a complex scalar field carrying a global lepton number charge to the Standard Model and the Higgs inflation framework. The conditions are investigated under which this model can simultaneously ensure Higgs vacuum stability up to the Planck scale, successful inflation, non-thermal Leptogenesis via the pendulum mechanism, and light neutrino masses. These can be simultaneously achieved when the scalar lepton is minimally coupled to gravity, that is, when standard Higgs inflation and reheating proceed without the interference of the additional scalar degrees of freedom. If the scalar lepton also has a non-minimal coupling to gravity, a multi-field inflation scenario is induced, with interesting interplay between the successful inflation constraints and those from vacuum stability and Leptogenesis. The parameter region that can simultaneously achieve the above goals is explored.
Influence of slope of grain on the mechanical properties of tropical hardwoods and the consequences for grading
Authors: Ravenshorst Geert , Gard Wolfgang , van de Kuilen Jan Willem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe main parameter that influences the bending strength of timber from tropical hardwood is the slope of grain. Although, in the grading rules, a specific threshold value is given, in these hardwoods, the global slope of grain is very difficult to quantify by visual assessment. The slope of grain measured after testing gives a better indication, but still it can only poorly describe the Hankinson relations. By rewriting the Hankinson relations, the slope of grain can be determined from the bending strength test values and from the MOE test value, both in combination with the density values and constants derived by non-linear regression analysis. These two values correlate very well, and the average value is designated as the theoretical slope of grain. With the theoretical slope of grain, five test samples of the tropical wood species okan were evaluated, and slope of grain values of 0.3 were observed, where 0.1 is the limit value. Because all pieces passed the visual grading method as applied in practice, slope of grain values should be incorporated in the strength class assignment test program, when these qualities cannot be ruled out for coming on the market. The (dynamic) modulus of elasticity can be used to evaluate the occurrence of the desired range of slope of grain values in the test samples.
Monitoring of DDT in Agricultural Soils under Organic Farming in Poland and the Risk of Crop Contamination
Authors: Malusá Eligio , Tartanus Małgorzata , Danelski Witold , Miszczak Artur , Szustakowska Ewelina , Kicińska Joanna , Furmanczyk Ewa M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe analysis of 142 agricultural soil samples collected in organic farms across Poland with the intent to evaluate the level of DDT contamination resulted in more than 80% of the soils containing DDT. The ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) concentration ranged between 0.005 and 0.383 mg/kg ΣDDT, with an average value of 0.064 mg/kg ΣDDT. However, the majority of plant samples collected from the crops growing on the sampled soils did not contain detectable DDT residues. The high DDT pollution levels detected in samples from four voivodeships (regions) among those monitored have been hypothesised to be linked to horticultural productions occurring to the sampled fields and typical of those regions, particularly in big-sized farms, during the period of DDT application, as well as the number of pesticides landfills present in these voivodeships. The elaboration of the o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT and DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratios to appraise the source or the period of contamination suggested that the contamination originated from past use of DDT rather than from impurities of more recent applications of other formulated substances. Such outcome thus suggests that the risk of contamination of organic products is likely derived from general environmental pollution levels rather than from the use of unauthorised substances in organic farming productions. Data from a trial with artificial contamination of soils indicated that using the DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratio in the presence of a low level of contamination could be less reliable than in highly contaminated soils.
Selbstberichtete anorektische Essstörungssymptomatik und psychische Struktur
Authors: Obbarius Alexander , Sarrar Lea 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungsbildern, wie beispielsweise Essstörungen, zeigen sich Einschränkungen in der psychischen Struktur, die sowohl bei Erwachsenen als auch Adoleszenten beschrieben wurden. Bisher liegen jedoch keine empirischen Untersuchungen zur psychischen Struktur bei Adoleszenten bzw. jungen Erwachsenen mit typischen oder subklinischen Formen von Essstörungen vor.

Ziele der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Untersuchung und den Vergleich verschiedener Strukturdimensionen gemäß Operationalisierter Psychodynamischer Diagnostik bei weiblichen Adoleszenten und jungen Erwachsenen mit unterschiedlicher Ausprägung selbstberichteter anorektischer Essstörungssymptomatik ab.

Material und Methoden
Es gingen Daten von 141 weiblichen Adoleszenten und jungen Erwachsenen mit keiner, gering oder ausgeprägter selbstberichteter anorektischer Essstörungssymptomatik ein. Die Probandinnen wurden über die sozialen Netzwerke Facebook und Instagram rekrutiert und mithilfe einer Onlineerhebung befragt. Zum Einsatz kamen der Fragebogen zur Strukturachse der Operationalisierten Psychodynamischen Diagnostik (OPD-SF) sowie das Eating Disorder Inventory‑2 (EDI-2).

Ergebnisse
Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene mit ausgeprägter selbstberichteter anorektischer Essstörungssymptomatik zeigen auf fast allen Skalen des OPD-SF sowie auf sämtlichen Skalen des EDI‑2 signifikant höhere Werte als Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene ohne bzw. mit geringer Symptomatik. Diese Unterschiede bleiben auch nach Kontrolle für das Alter sowie Vorliegen von Vordiagnosen und psychotherapeutischen (Vor)Behandlungen bestehen. Es zeigen sich deutliche Zusammenhänge zwischen den Skalen des OPD-SF und denen des EDI‑2.

Schlussfolgerung
Einschränkungen in der psychischen Struktur scheinen sich bereits bei subklinischen Formen gestörten Essverhaltens zu zeigen, zumindest, wenn diese selbstberichtet ist. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Notwendigkeit der frühzeitigen Erkennung von Problemen mit dem Essverhalten und des Einbezugs struktureller Aspekte in die psychotherapeutische Behandlung.