bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Capsaicin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Sultana Adiba , Singla Rajeev K. , He Xuefei , Sun Yan , Alam Md. Shahin , Shen Bairong 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Neuropathic pain (NP) is an egregious problem worldwide. Due to the side-effects of
oral drugs, drugs delivered directly to the affected area of pain are preferred.

Objective:
Capsaicin, a chemical compound isolated from chili peppers, is used as an analgesic in topical ointments
and dermal patches to alleviate pain. Objective of the study is to review the application and functionality
of topical capsaicin in treatment of neuropathic pain.

Data sources:
To systematically review capsaicin’s functions on NP, we retrieved articles from the PubMed
database published in the last ten years.

Study eligibility criteria:
The inclusion criteria were capsaicin and the use of capsaicin for the treatment of NP;
on the other hand, articles were excluded according to the mentioned criteria such as abstracts, articles written
in any language other than English, incomplete articles, and conference papers.

Participants and interventions:
Out of 265 articles, 108 articles were selected after filtering through the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. The data and knowledge currently existing for capsaicin treatment in NP are summarized.

Results:
This review indicates that capsaicin effectively improves NP treatment without affecting the motor
and large nerve fibres involved in sensory function. Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)
is the capsaicin receptor expressed in central and peripheral terminals of a sensitive primary nerve cell.

Conclusions and implications of key findings:
Topical capsaicin has a sensible safety profile and is effective
in reducing NP. Therefore, studies over the last decade suggest that capsaicin might be a potential drug for NP
treatment.
In vitro and Ex vivo Antiparasitic Effect of Rheum ribes L. Extract Against the Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Saki Mojgan , Kiani Ali Asghar , Taban Tina , Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection in humans and herbivorous animals with worldwide
distribution which caused by larva stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) as an herbal medicines has
various therapeutics properties such as the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial ones. With respect to the potential of
the biological activities of this plant in traditional and modern medicine, we aim to examine its protoscolicidal effects
against E. granulosus protoscolecess in vitro and ex vivo.

Methods:
Collected protoscoleces from liver hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to the different concentrations of
the extract (225, 450, 900 mg/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then using the eosin exclusion assay the viability of
protoscoleces was studied.

Results:
R. ribes extract had a potent protoscolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 450 and 900 mg/ml killed 56.3 and 100%
of protoscoleces after 10 min exposure. Ex vivo assay, the extract needed more time to kill the protoscoleces than the in
vitro; so that at the concentration of 900 mg/mL, all protoscoleces were killed after 15 minutes

Conclusion:
The obtained results exhibited the potent protoscolicidal effects of R. ribes extract particularly at the concentration of 900 mg/ml which completely killed the parasite after <15 min exposure. However, more and supplementary studies
are required to verify these findings through assessing in animal models and clinical subjects.
A Review on the Role of Polymers in Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Alkadi Hourieh 
Published: November 2020

:
Development of a new drug molecule is costly and requires a long time. Many attempts
have been made to improve the safety of the effective level of "old" drugs, utilizing various ways like
individualizing drug therapy, curative drug control, and dose titration. But, recently, important efforts
have been made to discover the novel drug releasing systems, which can be supplied to a target system
in the human body, while controlling the level and time of delivery. Polymers, whether synthetic
or natural, have great importance in pharmaceutical applications, especially in the field of drug delivery.
The use of polymers in pharmaceutical applications ranges from their use as binders in tablets
to viscosity and flow controlling factors in liquids, and they can be used in suspensions and emulsions;
also, in some cases, they can be used as film coatings. Moreover, they may be used as membranes
implanted within the living body. Current work highlights the importance of drug delivery
systems and the role of polymers in them.
Handelingen O.R. II - 1e afl.
Authors: Brysse Adrien 
Published: November 2020

A. VAN WERVEKE. Ontleding van den tekst van M. Van Vaernewijck betreffende het graf en de grafzerk van Hubrecht Van Eyck.F. VAN DEN BEMDEN. Le sher Gheeraerts sDievels steen, à Gand.
Machado de Assis, Funcionário Público
Authors: RSP Editor 
Published: November 2020

Em 29 de setembro de 1908, com a morte de Machado deAssis , perdeu o Brasil seu maior íiccionista e um dos mais primorososmestres da língua portuguêsa.Não constitui objeto de nossa homenagem, louvar-lhe aquias qualidades artísticas: a clareza sintética da exposição, a sobriedadedo processo descritivo e a singeleza da técnica. Não vemoso autor do B raz C u bas, pintando a sociedade burguesa do séculopassado, com os fidalgos de D . Jo ã o vi a discutirem, “de cabeleirae rabicho, casaca de seda e espadim”, os despotismos de Bonaparte . Não nos ocupa o íiníssimo criador de Dom Casmurro,onde a concisa narração do primeiro beijo da astuta Capitu , noslábios de B e n t i n h o , é uma das mais finas jóias da literatura nacional,verdadeira obra-prima de concisão e graça.
Helping Optimize Language Acquisition (HOLA) Online Parent Training Modules for Latinx Parents of Toddlers at Risk for ASD: Protocol for a Pilot Funded by the Organization for Autism Research
Authors: Dodds Robin Lynn 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCulturally competent parent training in evidence-based intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can provide young Latinx children from underserved communities with early interventional support while they wait for professional services, thus reducing the impact of intervention delays. Providing parents with brief bilingual training in Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) is a strategy that can overcome these barriers and is inexpensive to disseminate. Brief PRT training has been shown to significantly improve joint attention, expressive language, responsivity, and adaptive skills in young children with ASD. However, it is unknown whether an interactive, culturally competent online parent training in PRT is effective in a Latinx population.ObjectiveTo this end, we will recruit 24 children (16-36 months old) at risk for ASD and their parent(s) from East and South Los Angeles and provide them with a series of 6 online learning modules in their choice of Spanish or English.MethodsThis pilot study will utilize a single-group, pilot, pre-post design with follow-up assessments 6 weeks later. Linear mixed-effects model analysis will be used to explore most parent-reported and coded outcomes.ResultsBrief online parent training in evidence-based treatments has the capacity to increase access to culturally competent early communication interventions for young children at risk for ASD.ConclusionsThe results of this trial may have particular salience in additional underresourced communities where children have limited access to interventions prior to entering school.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/18004
Use and Effect of Web-Based Embodied Conversational Agents for Improving Eating Behavior and Decreasing Loneliness Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kramer Lean L , Mulder Bob C , van Velsen Lex , de Vet Emely 
Published: November 2020

Background
An unhealthy eating pattern and loneliness negatively influence quality of life in older age. Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are a promising way to address these health behaviors in an engaging manner.

Objective
We aim to (1) identify whether ECAs can persuade community-dwelling older adults to change their dietary behavior and whether ECA use can decrease loneliness, (2) test these pathways to effects, and (3) understand the use of an ECA.

Methods
The web-based eHealth app PACO is a fully automated 8-week intervention in which 2 ECAs engage older adults in dialogue to motivate them to change their dietary behavior and decrease their loneliness. PACO was developed via a human-centered and stakeholder-inclusive design approach and incorporates Self-determination Theory and various behavior change techniques. For this study, an unblinded randomized controlled trial will be performed. There will be 2 cohorts, with 30 participants per cohort. Participants in the first cohort will immediately receive the PACO app for 8 weeks, while participants in the second cohort receive the PACO app after a waiting-list condition of 4 weeks. Participants will be recruited via social media, an online panel, flyers, and advertorials. To be eligible, participants must be at least 65 years of age, must not be in paid employment, and must live alone independently at home. Primary outcomes will be self-assessed via online questionnaires at intake, control, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks, and will include eating behavior and loneliness. In addition, the primary outcome—use—will be measured via data logs. Secondary outcomes will be measured at the same junctures, via either validated, self-assessed, online questionnaires or an optional interview.

Results
As of July 2020, we have begun recruiting participants.

Conclusions
By unraveling the mechanisms behind the use of a web-based intervention with ECAs, we hope to gain a fine-grained understanding of both the effectiveness and the use of ECAs in the health context.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04510883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04510883

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/22186
Numerical Simulation of the Working Process in a Safety Valve with Additional Gas-Dynamic Coupling
Authors: Raeder T. , Tenenev V. A. , Koroleva M. R. 
Published: November 2020

Рассматриваются газодинамические процессы в предохранительном клапане пружинного типа при наличии дополнительной газодинамической связи между объемом клапана и окружающей средой. Открытие клапана при выпуске газа из резервуара в окружающую среду сопровождается наполнением рабочего объема. В результате, повышение давления над поверхностью диска создает обратное усилие, препятствующее его подъему, которое может привести к неустойчивому колебательному режиму движения диска. Уменьшение этого давления позволит обеспечить устойчивую работу клапана. Дополнительная газодинамическая связь вводится для стравливания давления над поверхностью диска путем вывода газа в дополнительную полость через узкие каналы в виде цилиндрических или коаксиальных зазоров.В данной работе оценивается правомерность расчета течений вязкого газа в узких зазорах на основе одномерных уравнений газовой динамики, использование которых при численном моделировании нестационарного процесса работы клапана не увеличит существенно объем вычислений. Для доказательства возможности использования одномерного подхода приводится сравнение распределений скорости и давления газа по длине канала, полученные в результате решения задачи в двумерной и одномерной постановках.На основе алгоритма с предварительным расчетом характеристик вязкого течения в соединительных каналах, получена зависимость приведенной силы клапана от высоты подъема диска при использовании двух цилиндрических узких каналов для уменьшения давления на верхнюю поверхность диска. Показано, что в этом случае обеспечивается устойчивый режим функционирования клапана, в то время как отсутствие сброса газа может привести к неустойчивому колебательному режиму движения диска.
Building Metacognition and Critical Thinking Using a Deliberate Approach
Authors: Donaldson Sheetal 
Published: November 2020

This article describes the Context Based Learning (CBL) redesign of Nursing courses addressing life transitions, including by implementing group discussion, written concept analysis, group presentations, reflections on thinking and simulation performance, group skills analysis and a final paper. The purpose of the study was to determine how these strategies build metacognition and thinking in the students. Both students and faculty participants agreed the structure of the courses stimulated thinking and metacognition, especially through group discussion of the presentations based on the concept analysis. Students said listening and a safe learning environment helped them think and reflect. However, the larger the group and the more faculty controlled the group, the less thinking developed. This study provides insights into the importance of a safe learning environment, listening, group size and faculty control in the development of thinking and self-reflection in small group CBL format that may be applicable to many disciplines.

Dans cet article, nous examinons la refonte, axée sur l’apprentissage fondé sur le contenu, des cours en soins infirmiers portant sur les transitions de la vie. Cette refonte comprend la mise en place de la discussion de groupe, de l’analyse de concepts à l’écrit, de présentations de groupe, de réflexions sur la pensée et de simulations, d’analyses de compétence en groupe et d’un travail final. L’étude visait à déterminer de quelle manière ces stratégies permettent de bâtir des capacités de pensée et de métacognition chez les étudiants. Les participants à l’étude, qu’ils soient étudiants ou enseignants, ont reconnu que la structure des cours avait eu pour effet de mobiliser la pensée et la métacognition, tout particulièrement lors des discussions de groupe portant sur les présentations fondées sur l’analyse des concepts. Les étudiants ont dit que l’écoute ainsi qu’un milieu d’apprentissage sûr les ont aidés à penser et à réfléchir. Toutefois, plus le nombre d’étudiants était élevé et plus les enseignants exerçaient un contrôle sur le groupe, moins la pensée trouvait à s’épanouir. Notre étude permet de mesurer l’importance d’un milieu d’apprentissage sûr, de l’écoute, de la taille du groupe et du contrôle exercé par l’enseignant dans le développement de la pensée et de l’autoréflexion dans le contexte de l’apprentissage fondé sur le contenu en petits groupes. Ces résultats pourraient s’appliquer à beaucoup d’autres disciplines.
STUDENTS’ REFLECTIVE ABSTRACTION ABILITY ON LINEAR ALGEBRA PROBLEM SOLVING AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Kariadinata Rahayu 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the achievement of the ability of students' reflective abstraction in solving Linear Algebra problems and the relationship with prerequisite knowledge. The important of this research because the characteristic of Linear Algebra requiring reflectif abstraction skill that must be support by the prerequisite knowledge. The reflective abstraction abilities studied in this study are level, i.e.1) recognition,2) representation, 3) structural abstraction, and 4) structural awareness. These stages are adjusted to Polya's problem solving stages, namely: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. This type of research is descriptive-quantitative. The subjects of this study were students of the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Indonesia. Collecting data through tests and interviews, data were analyzed with percentage and the pearson product-moment correlation.The results showed that the achievement level consisiting of ) recognition,2) representation, 3) structural abstraction, and 4) structural awareness of the students’ reflective abstraction abilities on linear algebra problem solving are very good, this can be seen from the percentage achieved at stages of the recognition,the representation,the structural abstraction, and the structural awareness which is associated with Polya problem solving measures above an average of 73,31% (moderat category); there are relationship between students' reflective abstraction abilities and their prerequisite knowledge; and prerequisite knowledge influences the students’reflective abstraction abilities
LOS ESTUDIOS CURRICULARES COMO CONVERSACIÓN INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Mardones Daniel Johnson 
Published: November 2020

Situándose en lo que podríamos denominar la hibridad existencial latinoamericana, este texto representa uno más de “los esfuerzos del campo para extender su conversación académica más allá las fronteras nacionales en las que se practica” (Pinar, 2006, p. 165) poniendo en el centro la preocupación por las tendencias en las redes de circulación de conocimientos a nivel planetario de lo que se ha llamado “violencia epistémica” (Spivak) o “epistemicidio” (Souza Santos) curricular (Paraskeva, 2016). De esta manera, lo que podríamos llamar el campo curricular en Latinoamérica entra en esta conversación internacional consciente de su carácter híbrido, un campo mestizo, que busca mover el movimiento de internacionalización de los estudios curriculares aún lucha con una propensión a normalizar “las diferencias lingüísticas, culturales y raciales bajo el canon autorizado de racionalidad euroamericana” (Ropo y Autio, 2009, p. 3), avanzando los conceptos de conversación y dialogo intercultural al centro de la conversación internacional sobre curriculum.
Normalization characteristics of unsaturated undisturbed Ili loess with high level of soluble salt contents
Authors: Niu Lisi , Ren Wenyuan , Zhang Aijun , Wang Yuguo , Zhao Jiamin , Zhao Qingyu 
Published: November 2020

In order to reveal the mechanical characteristics of the unsaturated
undisturbed Ili loess in westerly region, the isotropic compression
tests controlling suction, the triaxial shrinkage tests controlling net
mean stress and consolidation shear tests controlling net confining
pressure and suction were carried out under different soluble salt
contents. The objective of investigation is to explore the normalized
characteristics of compression curve, soil water characteristic curve
and critical state line. The results show that the ratio of void ratio
to initial void ratio and the ratio of net mean stress to yield net mean
stress are suitable to normalize the compression curves under different
suctions in the isotropic compression test. The soil water
characteristic curves under different net mean stresses in the triaxial
shrinkage test can be normalized by the ratio of water content to
saturated water content and the ratio of suction to air entry value. In
the consolidation shear test controlling constant suction, the
unsaturated critical state lines under different suctions can be
normalized by the corresponding saturated critical state line in the
plane of effective net mean stress and deviator stress. The unsaturated
critical state lines under different suctions in the plane of void ratio
and net mean stress can be normalized by means of degree of gas
saturation and the ratio of unsaturated void ratio to saturated void
ratio under the same effective net mean stress. The results provide
potential benefits for the constructions of large-scale water
conservancy projects in the special area of Central Asia.
dedicatorias en las novelas juveniles argentinas
Authors: Martínez Damián Nicolás 
Published: November 2020

El artículo explora las dedicatorias escritas por autores/as de novelas juveniles argentinas, publicadas en el período 1983-2020. En primer lugar, se abordan las dedicatorias en función de algunas categorías planteadas por Gerard Genette. Luego, se analizan en profundidad las dedicatorias de novelas de temas difíciles y las novelas de temática sobre inmigración. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la riqueza del abordaje de las dedicatorias junto con otros elementos paratextuales (prólogos, introducciones, etc.) para leer novelas juveniles.
Every minute counts: in-hospital changes of left ventricular regional and global function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Cammalleri Valeria , Marsili Giorgia , Stelitano Maria , Tavernese Annamaria , Mauceri Agnese , Macrini Massimiliano , Stifano Giuseppe , Muscoli Saverio , Mollace Rocco , Di Luozzo Marco , Sergi Domenico , De Vico Pasquale , Romeo Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Aims
The aim of our study was to assess the effects of an early percutaneous coronary intervention on changes of in-hospital left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods
The study population consisted of 324 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, divided into two groups, according to the first medical contact (FMC)-to-reperfusion time, respectively, 90 min or less (n = 173) and more than 90 min (n = 151). Moreover, we performed a sub-analysis in the group of patients who showed at discharge an improvement in the LVEF of at least 10%.

Results
In both groups at baseline, patients suffered from a moderately reduced LVEF (40.88 ± 8.38% in ≤90 min group vs. 40.70 ± 8.98% in >90 min group; P = 0.858). A WMSI of more than 1 was recorded uniformly: 1.71 ± 0.37 in patients with FMC-to-reperfusion 90 min or less and 1.72 ± 0.38 in patients more than 90 min (P = 0.810). At the time of discharge, a significant improvement in LVEF (43.82 ± 8.38%, P = 0.001) and WMSI (1.60 ± 0.41, P = 0.009) exclusively emerged in the 90 min or less group. Furthermore, we identified 105 patients who experienced an improvement in the LVEF of at least 10% compared with baseline values. In these patients FMC-to-reperfusion and total ischemic time resulted as significantly shorter, when compared with patients with LVEF improvement of less than 10%.

Conclusion
Our study confirms and reinforces the concept that reducing the duration of the time between FMC and reperfusion, as well as the total ischemic time influences a positive recovery of left ventricular global and regional function during in-hospital stay.