bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Elm1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence in Candida glabrata
Authors: Ito Yuya , Miyazaki Taiga , Tanaka Yutaka , Suematsu Takashi , Nakayama Hironobu , Morita Akihiro , Hirayama Tatsuro , Tashiro Masato , Takazono Takahiro , Saijo Tomomi , Shimamura Shintaro , Yamamoto Kazuko , Imamura Yoshifumi , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Kohno Shigeru , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElm1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular functions, including cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, its roles in pathogenic fungi have not been reported. In this study, we created ELM1-deletion, ELM1-reconstituted, ELM1-overexpression, and ELM1-kinase-dead strains in the clinically important fungal pathogen Candida glabrata and investigated the roles of Elm1 in cell morphology, stress response, and virulence. The elm1Δ strain showed elongated morphology and a thicker cell wall, with analyses of cell-wall components revealing that this strain exhibited significantly increased chitin content relative to that in the wild-type and ELM1-overexpression strains. Although the elm1Δ strain exhibited slower growth than the other two strains, as well as increased sensitivity to high temperature and cell-wall-damaging agents, it showed increased virulence in a Galleria mellonella-infection model. Moreover, loss of Elm1 resulted in increased adhesion to agar plates and epithelial cells, which represent important virulence factors in C. glabrata. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that expression levels of 30 adhesion-like genes were elevated in the elm1Δ strain. Importantly, all these functions were mediated by the kinase activity of Elm1. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the functional characterization of Elm1 in pathogenic fungi.
Highly reliable, targeted photothermal cancer therapy combined with thermal dosimetry using a near-infrared absorbent
Authors: Nomura Shinsuke , Morimoto Yuji , Tsujimoto Hironori , Arake Masashi , Harada Manabu , Saitoh Daizoh , Hara Isao , Ozeki Eiichi , Satoh Ayano , Takayama Eiji , Hase Kazuo , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) using a photo-absorbent in the near-infrared (NIR) region is an effective methodology for local cancer treatment. Before PTT using a NIR absorbent is executed, the operator generally determines the two parameters of fluence rate and irradiation time. However, even if the irradiation parameters are unchanged, the therapeutic effect of PTT is often different for individual tumors. Hence, we examined the therapeutic effect of PTT using a NIR absorbent (ICG lactosome) while changing two parameters (fluence rate and irradiation time) in various combinations. As a result, there was no robust correlation between those parameters and the therapeutic effect. Compared to those parameters, we found that a more reliable determinant was maintenance of the tumor temperature above 43 °C during NIR irradiation. To reconfirm the significance of the determinant, we developed a new system that can regulate the temperature at the NIR irradiation site at a constant level. By using the new system, we verified the treatment outcomes for tumors in which the NIR absorbent had accumulated. All of the tumors that had been kept at 43 °C during NIR irradiation were cured, while none of the tumors that had been kept at a temperature below 41 °C were cured. In conclusion, PTT using a NIR absorbent with thermal dosimetry is a highly reliable treatment for cancer.
56 nm Wide-Band Tunable Q-Switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser with Tungsten Ditelluride (WTe2) Saturable Absorber
Authors: Ahmad Harith , Albaqawi Hissah Saedoon , Yusoff Norazriena , Yi Chong Wu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA wide-band and tunable Q-switched erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser operating at 1560.5 nm with a tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) saturable absorber (SA) is demonstrated. The semi-metallic nature of WTe2 as well as its small band gap and excellent nonlinear optical properties make it an excellent SA material. The laser cavity uses an 89.5 cm long EDF, pumped by a 980 nm laser diode as the linear gain while the WTe2 based SA generates the pulsed output. The WTe2 based SA has a modulation depth, non-saturable loss and saturation intensity of about 21.4%, 78.6%, and 0.35 kW/cm2 respectively. Stable pulses with a maximum repetition rate of 55.56 kHz, narrowest pulse width of 1.77 µs and highest pulse energy of 18.09 nJ are obtained at the maximum pump power of 244.5 mW. A 56 nm tuning range is obtained in the laser cavity, and the output is observed having a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 48.5 dB. The demonstrated laser has potential for use in a large number of photonics applications.
Characterization of red blood cell microcirculatory parameters using a bioimpedance microfluidic device
Authors: Xu Tieying , Lizarralde-Iragorri Maria A. , Roman Jean , Ghasemi Rasta , Lefèvre Jean-Pierre , Martincic Emile , Brousse Valentine , Français Olivier , El Nemer Wassim , Le Pioufle Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a microfluidic device comprising channels with dimensions mimicking those of the smallest capillaries found in the human microcirculation. The device structure, associated with a pair of microelectrodes, provides a tool to electrically measure the transit time of red blood cells through fine capillaries and thus generate an electrical signature for red blood cells in the context of human erythroid genetic disorders, such as sickle cell disease or hereditary spherocytosis, in which red cell elasticity is altered. Red blood cells from healthy individuals, heated or not, and red blood cells from patients with sickle cell disease or hereditary spherocytosis where characterized at a single cell level using our device. Transit time and blockade amplitude recordings were correlated with microscopic observations, and analyzed. The link between the electrical signature and the mechanical properties of the red blood cells is discussed in the paper, with greater transit time and modified blockade amplitude for heated and pathological red blood cells as compared to those from healthy individuals. Our single cell-based methodology offers a new and complementary approach to characterize red cell mechanical properties in human disorders under flow conditions mimicking the microcirculation.
Recombinant Bri3 BRICHOS domain is a molecular chaperone with effect against amyloid formation and non-fibrillar protein aggregation
Authors: Poska Helen , Leppert Axel , Tigro Helene , Zhong Xueying , Kaldmäe Margit , Nilsson Harriet E , Hebert Hans , Chen Gefei , Johansson Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMolecular chaperones assist proteins in achieving a functional structure and prevent them from misfolding into aggregates, including disease-associated deposits. The BRICHOS domain from familial dementia associated protein Bri2 (or ITM2B) probably chaperones its specific proprotein region with high β-sheet propensity during biosynthesis. Recently, Bri2 BRICHOS activity was found to extend to other amyloidogenic, fibril forming peptides, in particular, Alzheimer’s disease associated amyloid-β peptide, as well as to amorphous aggregate forming proteins. However, the biological functions of the central nervous system specific homologue Bri3 BRICHOS are still to be elucidated. Here we give a detailed characterisation of the recombinant human (rh) Bri3 BRICHOS domain and compare its structural and functional properties with rh Bri2 BRICHOS. The results show that rh Bri3 BRICHOS forms more and larger oligomers, somewhat more efficiently prevents non-fibrillar protein aggregation, and less efficiently reduces Aβ42 fibril formation compared to rh Bri2 BRICHOS. This suggests that Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS have overlapping molecular mechanisms and that their apparently different tissue expression and processing may result in different physiological functions.
Polymer photonic crystal membrane for thermo-regulating textile
Authors: Assaf Salim , Boutghatin Mohamed , Pennec Yan , Thomy Vincent , Korovin Alexander , Treizebre Anthony , Carette Michèle , Akjouj Abdellatif , Djafari-Rouhani. Bahram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study numerically the absorption and scattering properties of a polymer photonic membrane to thermoregulate the human body microclimate which corresponds to the area between the skin and a textile. We first show that the structuration of the absorbing photonic membrane with air holes leads to a modulation of the optical spectrum in the Mid-Infrared range. Indeed, we show that the membrane is able to modulate the transmission amplitude by 28% in benefit or deficit of both the absorption and reflection. We then studied the thermal balance between the human body and the surrounding environment through the photonic membrane. We found that, compared to a regular membrane, the photonic crystal structure behaves as a heating component that offers the possibility to reduce the temperature of the room up to +1 °C. The membrane is flexible, low cost, 3D-printable, free of metallic particles, and can easily be added to usual textiles.
Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Drug Targets and Tumor Proteotypes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liebler Daniel C. , Holzer Timothy R. , Haragan Alexander , Morrison Ryan D. , O’Neill Reising Leslie , Ackermann Bradley L. , Fill Jeff A. , Schade Andrew E. , Gruver Aaron M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint proteins have significantly advanced treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but protein level quantitation of drug targets presents a critical problem. We used multiplexed, targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify immunotherapy target proteins PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO1, LAG3, TIM3, ICOSLG, VISTA, GITR, and CD40 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MS measurements for PD-L1 were weakly correlated, but IHC did not distinguish protein abundance differences detected by MS. PD-L2 abundance exceeded PD-L1 in over half the specimens and the drug target proteins all displayed different abundance patterns. mRNA correlated with protein abundance only for PD-1, PD-L1, and IDO1 and tumor mutation burden did not predict abundance of any protein targets. Global proteome analyses identified distinct proteotypes associated with high PD-L1-expressing and high IDO1-expressing NSCLC. MS quantification of multiple drug targets and tissue proteotypes can improve clinical evaluation of immunotherapies for NSCLC.
Single Circulating Fetal Trophoblastic Cells Eligible for Non Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: the Exception Rather than the Rule
Authors: Cayrefourcq Laure , Vincent Marie-Claire , Pierredon Sandra , Moutou Céline , Imbert-Bouteille Marion , Haquet Emmanuelle , Puechberty Jacques , Willems Marjolaine , Liautard-Haag Cathy , Molinari Nicolas , Zordan Cécile , Dorian Virginie , Rooryck-Thambo Caroline , Goizet Cyril , Chaussenot Annabelle , Rouzier Cécile , Boureau-Wirth Amandine , Monteil Laetitia , Calvas Patrick , Miry Claire , Favre Romain , Petrov Yuliya , Khau Van Kien Philippe , Le Boette Elsa , Fradin Mélanie , Alix-Panabières Catherine , Guissart Claire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPD), based on the analysis of circulating cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA), is successfully implemented for an increasing number of monogenic diseases. However, technical issues related to cff-DNA characteristics remain, and not all mutations can be screened with this method, particularly triplet expansion mutations that frequently concern prenatal diagnosis requests. The objective of this study was to develop an approach to isolate and analyze Circulating Trophoblastic Fetal Cells (CFTCs) for NIPD of monogenic diseases caused by triplet repeat expansion or point mutations. We developed a method for CFTC isolation based on DEPArray sorting and used Huntington’s disease as the clinical model for CFTC-based NIPD. Then, we investigated whether CFTC isolation and Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) could be used for NIPD in couples at risk of transmitting different monogenic diseases. Our data show that the allele drop-out rate was 3-fold higher in CFTCs than in maternal cells processed in the same way. Moreover, we give new insights into CFTCs by compiling data obtained by extensive molecular testing by microsatellite multiplex PCR genotyping and by WGA followed by mini-exome sequencing. CFTCs appear to be often characterized by a random state of genomic degradation.
Half the world’s population are exposed to increasing air pollution
Authors: Shaddick G. , Thomas M. L. , Mudu P. , Ruggeri G. , Gumy S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAir pollution is high on the global agenda and is widely recognised as a threat to both public health and economic progress. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4.2 million deaths annually can be attributed to outdoor air pollution. Recently, there have been major advances in methods that allow the quantification of air pollution-related indicators to track progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals and that expand the evidence base of the impacts of air pollution on health. Despite efforts to reduce air pollution in many countries there are regions, notably Central and Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, in which populations continue to be exposed to increasing levels of air pollution. The majority of the world’s population continue to be exposed to levels of air pollution substantially above WHO Air Quality Guidelines and, as such, air pollution constitutes a major, and in many areas, increasing threat to public health.
The AMBRE Project: Spectrum normalisation influence on Mg abundances in the metal-rich Galactic disc
Authors: Santos-Peral P. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Fernández-Alvar E. , Ordenovic C. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The abundance of α-elements provides an important fossil signature in Galactic archaeology to trace the chemical evolution of the different disc populations. High-precision chemical abundances are crucial to improving our understanding of the chemodynamical properties present in the Galaxy. However, deriving precise abundance estimations in the metal-rich disc ([M/H] >  0 dex) is still challenging.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to analyse different error sources affecting magnesium abundance estimations from optical spectra of metal-rich stars.
Methods. We derived Mg abundances for 87522 high-resolution spectra of 2210 solar neighbourhood stars from the AMBRE Project, and selected the 1172 best parametrised stars with more than four repeated spectra. For this purpose, the GAUGUIN automated abundance estimation procedure was employed.
Results. The normalisation procedure has a strong impact on the derived abundances, with a clear dependence on the stellar type and the line intensity. For non-saturated lines, the optimal wavelength domain for the local continuum placement should be evaluated using a goodness-of-fit criterion, allowing mask-size dependence with the spectral type. Moreover, for strong saturated lines, applying a narrow normalisation window reduces the parameter-dependent biases of the abundance estimate, increasing the line-to-line abundance precision. In addition, working at large spectral resolutions always leads to better results than at lower ones. The resulting improvement in the abundance precision makes it possible to observe both a clear thin-thick disc chemical distinction and a decreasing trend in the magnesium abundance even at supersolar metallicities.
Conclusions. In the era of precise kinematical and dynamical data, optimising the normalisation procedures implemented for large spectroscopic stellar surveys would provide a significant improvement to our understanding of the chemodynamical patterns of Galactic populations.
Dust masses of young disks: constraining the initial solid reservoir for planet formation
Authors: Tychoniec Łukasz , Manara Carlo F. , Rosotti Giovanni P. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Cridland Alexander J. , Hsieh Tien-Hao , Murillo Nadia M. , Segura-Cox Dominique , van Terwisga Sierk E. , Tobin John J. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Recent years have seen building evidence that planet formation starts early, in the first ~0.5 Myr. Studying the dust masses available in young disks enables us to understand the origin of planetary systems given that mature disks are lacking the solid material necessary to reproduce the observed exoplanetary systems, especially the massive ones.
Aims. We aim to determine if disks in the embedded stage of star formation contain enough dust to explain the solid content of the most massive exoplanets.
Methods. We use Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 (1.1–1.3 mm) continuum observations of embedded disks in the Perseus star-forming region together with Very Large Array (VLA) Ka-band (9 mm) data to provide a robust estimate of dust disk masses from the flux densities measured in the image plane.
Results. We find a strong linear correlation between the ALMA and VLA fluxes, demonstrating that emission at both wavelengths is dominated by dust emission. For a subsample of optically thin sources, we find a median spectral index of 2.5 from which we derive the dust opacity index β = 0.5, suggesting significant dust growth. Comparison with ALMA surveys of Orion shows that the Class I dust disk mass distribution between the two regions is similar, but that the Class 0 disks are more massive in Perseus than those in Orion. Using the DIANA opacity model including large grains, with a dust opacity value of κ9 mm = 0.28 cm2 g−1, the median dust masses of the embedded disks in Perseus are 158 M⊕ for Class 0 and 52 M⊕ for Class I from the VLA fluxes. The lower limits on the median masses from ALMA fluxes are 47 M⊕ and 12 M⊕ for Class 0 and Class I, respectively, obtained using the maximum dust opacity value κ1.3 mm = 2.3 cm2 g−1. The dust masses of young Class 0 and I disks are larger by at least a factor of ten and three, respectively, compared with dust masses inferred for Class II disks in Lupus and other regions.
Conclusions. The dust masses of Class 0 and I disks in Perseus derived from the VLA data are high enough to produce the observed exoplanet systems with efficiencies acceptable by planet formation models: the solid content in observed giant exoplanets can be explained if planet formation starts in Class 0 phase with an efficiency of ~15%. A higher efficiency of ~30% is necessary if the planet formation is set to start in Class I disks.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)
Authors: Spezzano S. , Codella C. , Podio L. , Ceccarelli C. , Caselli P. , Neri R. , López-Sepulcre A. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Contrary to what is expected from models of Galactic chemical evolution, the isotopic fractionation of silicon (Si) in the Galaxy has recently been found to be constant. This finding calls for new observations, also at core scales, to re-evaluate the fractionation of Si.
Aims. L1157-B1 is one of the outflow-shocked regions along the blue-shifted outflow that is driven by the Class 0 protostar L1157-mm. It is an ideal laboratory for studying the material ejected from the grains on very short timescales because its chemical composition is representative of the composition of the grains.
Methods. We imaged 28SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO J = 2–1 emission towards L1157-B1 and B0 with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer as part of the Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS) large project. We present here a study of the isotopic fractionation of SiO towards L1157-B1. Furthermore, we used the high spectral resolution observations on the main isotopologue, 28SiO, to study the jet impact on the dense gas. We here also present single-dish observations obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope and Herschel-HIFI. We carried out a non-local thermal equilibrium analysis using a large velocity gradient code to model the single-dish observations.
Results. From our observations we can show that (i) the 2–1 transition of the main isotopologue is optically thick in L1157-B1 even at high velocities, and (ii) the [29SiO/30SiO] ratio is constant across the source, and consistent with the solar value of 1.5.
Conclusions. We report the first isotopic fractionation maps of SiO in a shocked region and show the absence of a mass-dependent fractionation in 29Si and 30Si across L1157-B1. A high-velocity bullet in 28SiO has been identified, showing the signature of a jet impacting on the dense gas. With the dataset presented in this paper, both interferometric and single-dish, we were able to study the gas that is shocked at the B1a position and its surrounding gas in great detail.
Befestigungsmöglichkeiten von Brackets und Attachments in der
Kieferorthopädie
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Liebermann Anja , Kieschnick Annett , Stawarczyk Bogna 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungSowohl für die Befestigung von Brackets als auch von
Aligner-Attachments stehen verschiedene Materialien und Strategien zur
Auswahl. Die Vorbereitung der Schmelz-Oberfläche für die
adhäsive Befestigung kann mit Phosphorsäure im Etch and
Rinse-Verfahren oder mittels diverser selbstätzender
Adhäsive vorgenommen werden. Die Materialien zur Befestigung
unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Monomermatrix, der
Füllkörper und deren Anteile sowie ihres Initiatiorsystems.
Brackets können direkt oder indirekt adhäsiv befestigt
werden. Attachments für die Behandlung mit Alignern können
ein- oder zweiphasig auf die entsprechenden Zähne aufgebracht
werden. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, anhand der aktuellen Literatur einen
Überblick über die verschiedenen Materialien und
Befestigungsstrategien zu geben.
Full-Thickness Skin Grafts and Quilting Sutures for the Reconstruction of Internal Nasal Lining
Authors: Gostian PD Dr. med. Antoniu-Oreste , Balk Dr. med. Matthias , Stegmann Dr. med. Achim , Iro Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Heinrich , Wurm Prof. Dr. med. Jochen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRestoration of the inner nasal lining is an essential factor in successful nasal reconstruction. Among various methods, free full-thickness skin grafting represents a readily available and feasible technique. A prerequisite for success is a secure and immobile fixation to the undersurface of the nourishing forehead flap. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the results of multiple quilting sutures to secure free full-thickness skin grafts for the reconstruction of the inner nasal lining in partial and extended nasal reconstruction. Between February 1, 2015, and December 31 2018, 16 patients underwent three-stage nasal reconstruction of all three layers using a forehead flap. All full-thickness free flaps were harvested from either the neck or inguinal area and fixated to the undersurface of the distal part of the forehead flap by multiple quilting sutures. All but one free skin grafts healed well (seven ♀; mean: 63 years; range: 52–81). Four patients developed minor complications that resolved completely through conservative treatment. One patient with a history of stroke, extensive nicotine abuse, and arterial hypertension developed flap necrosis that required two surgical revisions and ended up with a stenosis of the left nostril. The follow-up time averaged 18.4 months (range: 3–55 months). Multiple quilting sutures are an effective and feasible option to fixate full-thickness free skin grafts on the undersurface of the forehead flap for the reconstruction of the inner nasal lining. They are not associated with increased risks for necrosis and can be applied even to extended full-thickness nasal defects in selected cases.