bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake in Ontario, Canada, and impact of policy changes: a population-based analysis of projected pharmacy data (2015–2018)
Authors: Tan Darrell H. S. , Dashwood Thomas M. , Wilton James , Kroch Abigail , Gomes Tara , Martins Diana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a proven tool for HIV prevention, but PrEP use in Ontario, Canada, and the effects of recent policies are unknown. We estimated the number and characteristics of PrEP users in Ontario and evaluated the impacts of policy changes between July 2015 and June 2018.

Methods
We obtained tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) dispensation data for Ontario from IQVIA, and applied an algorithm to identify use for PrEP. We report prevalent PrEP use for the second quarter of 2018 according to age, sex, region, prescriber specialty, and payer type, and generate “PrEP-to-need ratios” (PNR) by dividing these numbers by the estimated numbers of new HIV diagnoses. We used interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models to examine the impact of three policy changes on PrEP use: Health Canada approval (February 2016), availability of generic TDF/FTC and partial public drug coverage (September 2017), and public drug coverage for individuals aged < 25 years (January 2018).

Results
The estimated number of individuals receiving PrEP increased 713%, from 374 in 2015 Q3 to 3041 in 2018 Q2. Among PrEP users in 2018 Q2, 97.5% were male, 60.4% were < 40 years, 67.7% obtained PrEP from a family physician, 77.2% used private insurance, and 67.0% were in Toronto. PNRs were highest in 30–39-year-olds, males, Toronto and the Central East and West regions. Time series analyses found that Health Canada approval (p = 0.0001) and introducing generics/partial public drug coverage (p = 0.002) led to significantly increased use.

Conclusions
PrEP use has risen in Ontario in association with favourable policy changes, but remains far below guideline recommendations.
Prospective randomised study of cases of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects managed by early alignment versus initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kaur Gunjeet , Singh Krishna Kant , Pahwa H. S. , Kumar Awanish , Pratap Dhirendra , Agrawal Priyanka 
Published: June 2020

Background: In complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD), early management prevents incidence of devastating complications such as urinary incontinence, restenosis and urethra cutaneous fistula. The aim of the present study was to study the outcome of patients with PFUDD undergoing early alignment (either by rail roading or endoscopic) compared with initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective randomized study done at KGMU, Lucknow; having PFUDD during the period from June 2014 to July 2017. Patients with PFUDD were randomized in to two groups. Group A included 22 patients and managed by supra pubic cystostomy followed by delayed urethroplasty. Group B included 23 patients and managed by primary alignment by rail-roading and early endoscopic alignment. Patients were followed up after 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for measuring the primary and secondary outcomes during follow up.Results: The most common age group that sustained pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects injury are male of 21-40 years. In group A, stricture was present in all patients at 6 weeks post-surgery. Open urethroplasty was done at 3 months in 60% and 10% patients at 6 months. In group B, stricture was present in 80% at 6 weeks, 40% at 3 months and 10% at 6 months. The incidence of ED in group A at 6 weeks, 3 months, was 25% patient which reduced to 20% at 6 months. In group B, ED was present in 30% patients 6 weeks, 3 months and which reduced to 25% at 6 months. No incontinence was observed in both groups.Conclusions: Primary realignment has significant benefits compared to SPC as realignment approach is associated with a 50%-55% decrease in stricture formation.
Herramienta de entrenamiento neuropsicológico para operadores de Aeronaves Remotamente Tripuladas Scan Eagle
Authors: Páez López Gerson Adolfo , Corzo Zamora María Alejandra , Díaz Ariza Alexander , Rodríguez Guerrero Nohora Inés 
Published: June 2020

Los eventos de seguridad no deseados en las Aeronaves Remotamente Tripuladas (art) tipo Scan Eagle se han atribuido a los errores humanos, en particular, en latoma de decisiones y los errores durante la operación, los cuales pueden ser susceptibles a mejorar con entrenamiento específico como medida para mitigar el riesgo de accidentes. Este artículo propone una herramienta de entrenamiento basada en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico para los operadores de art en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana, para el mejoramiento de habilidades y gestión del riesgo, basada en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico y las áreas cerebrales. Se empleó un método de estudio no experimental de corte transversal analítico, realizando monitoreo de la actividad eléctrica cerebral mediante electroencefalografía (EEG) con el equipo B-alert x10, durante misiones reproducidas en simulador de Scan Eagle para identificar las áreas de actividad cerebral en frecuencia beta, y se aplicó la batería banfe-2 para evaluar funciones ejecutivas y tipo de pensamiento. Se evaluaron 17 operadores masculinos de 28 ± 2,7 años, los resultados fueron analizados según la formación académica de los participantes en experiencia en vuelo, ingenieros y otras formaciones. Se encontró que las seis áreas más utilizadas en la operación de art son las encargadas de desarrollar habilidad numérica, maniobras que requieren el uso de la mano contraria a la dominante, utilización de la imaginación, lenguaje hablado, razonamiento, y por último, el área de la percepción tridimensional. Los operadores con experiencia previa en vuelo presentan una actividad cerebral medial y orbital, tienen un pensamiento de tipo automático intuitivo con menor carga cognitiva en el monitoreo electroencefalográfico, mientras que los otros grupos sin experiencia previa en vuelo presentan un pensamiento frontal dorsolateral de pensamiento reflexivo con mayor carga cognitiva. Con los resultados obtenidos se diseñó una herramienta para el entrenamiento neurocognitivo autónomo y se proponen alternativas adicionales para complementar el entrenamiento de los operadores de art, que permita potencializar el pensamiento automático intuitivo con menor carga cognitiva.
Otra mirada, otra forma de compartir saberes en el aula de matemáticas
Authors: Castellanos Yefferson 
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se busca incentivar a los educadores de matemáticas a reflexionar sobre el rol social, político y cultural del quehacer cotidiano en el aula de clase. Para ello, se resaltan la connotación política de la enseñanza de las matemáticas y la perspectiva sociopolítica como otra forma de orientar y compartir saberes. La discusión sobre la connotación política del área de la matemática brinda un panorama de la monocultura del saber, que permea la enseñanza en la escuela regular y convierte el escenario escolar en un reproductor de la cultura hegemónica, el cual determina qué conocimientos enseñar y cuáles no.Luego, se analiza la importancia de enseñar matemáticas desde la pedagogía crítica, puesto que toda acción en el aula es política y tiene incidencia social. Para finalizar, se exploran estrategias pedagógicas para aproximar a educandos y educadores al saber matemático desde una práctica reflexiva y contextual, como estrategia para hacer una matemática cultural.
Penguatan konsep parenting bagi masyarakat/orang tua murid Raudhatul Athfal Desa Batujai, Praya Barat, Lombok Tengah
Authors: Zohdi Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

[Bahasa]: Pola asuh pada tahap awal sangat menentukan sifat, watak dan karakter anak pada masa yang akan datang. Kebanyakan orang tua sering melupakan pola asuh anak, tidak berfikir pentingnya keamanan, kenyamanan, pengaruh sosial, dan lingkungan anak. Kesalahan pola asuh orang tua bagi anak usia dini akan berakibat fatal seperti anak akan mengalami kelemahan mental, pendiam, penakut, keras, brutal, dan sebagainya. Disinilah pentingnya penguatan Konsep Parenting bagi masyarakat khusunya bagi wali murid yang memiliki anak usia dini agar dapat melewati masa kritis dan memanfaatkan masa golden age (usia keemasan) anak usia dini.
Kata Kunci: karakter, parenting, golden age
Pelatihan manajemen organisasi kepemudaan dalam upaya penguatan idealisme kepemudaan guna menangkal paham radikalisme
Authors: Rosyid Bahrur 
Published: June 2020

[Bahasa]: Dalam kaidah bahasa Qurani pemuda atau yang disebut “asy-syabab”didefinisikan dalam ungkapan sifat dan sikap seperti: 1). berani merombak dan bertindak revolusioner terhadap tatanan sistem yang rusak, 2). memiliki standar moralitas (iman), berwawasan, bersatu, optimis dan teguh dalam pendirian serta konsisten dalam dengan perkataan, seperti tergambar pada kisah Ash-habul Kahfi (para pemuda penghuni gua. 3). seorang yang tidak berputus-asa, pantang mundur sebelum cita-citanya tercapai. Peran penting dari seorang pemuda adalah pada kemampuannya melakukan perubahan. Perubahan menjadi indikator suatu keberhasilan terhadap sebuah gerakan pemuda. Perubahan menjadi sebuah kata yang memiliki daya magis yang sangat kuat, sehingga membuat gentar orang yang mendengarnya, terutama mereka yang telah merasakan kenikmatan dalam iklim status quo. Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat dengan pengambilan tema dalam kegiatan ini adalah Untuk melatih Pemuda dalam meningkatkan Idealismenya guna menangkal Paham Radikalisme dalam sebuah Wadah Organisasi Kepemudaan, untuk Membentuk Wadah Organisasi Kepemudaan dalam hal ini adalah Karang Taruna, sebagai lembaga penghimpun dan menyalurkan bakat dan minat masing-masing pemuda, harapannya supaya pemuda di Lingkungan Gegutu Timur terarah dan tepat menyalurkan minat dan bakatnya, sehingga akan terbentuk idealisme pemudanya secara kuat dan kokoh guna menangkal paham Radikalisme. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat di antaranya : Peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran Pemuda tentang pemberdayaan diri dengan potensi yang ada melalui Wadah Organisasi Kepemudaan, Dengan adanya Wadah Organisasi Kepemudaan ini dapat menjadi wadah menyalurkan potensi, minat dan bakat berikut mengolalanya tentunya dengan proses pendampingan secara kontinue dan dievaluasi pada ahir kegiatan, sehingga kedepannya akan tercipta rasa aman dan tentram dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, dengan Pemuda yang punya Inisiatif tinggi untuk melaksankan perubahan, tentunya perubahan ini didasari dengan jiwa kreatif dan inovatif, maka akan terjawab bahwa pemuda merupakan tulang punggung kemajuan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara.
Kata Kunci: kepemudaan
Pelatihan “Co-Fe (Microsoft Office)” sebagai upaya pembekalan Soft Skill di bidang ilmu komputer bagi pemuda pasca lulus SLTA Desa Keselet, Sakra, Lombok Timur
Authors: Nurman Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

[Bahasa]: Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk membekali ilmu berupa soft skill di bidang komputer terutama menggunakan microsoft office yang dapat menunjang kemampuan masyarakat sehingga mempunyai modal untuk bekerja dan bisa bersaing di dunia kerja. Metode pemecahan masalah yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode: ceramah, diskusi dan praktek. Melalui gabungan metode-metode tersebut diharapkan mampu mempraktekan microsoft office. Agar program ini berjalan maksimal, maka diperlukan perencanaan atau persiapan, diantaranya: (a) Survei tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan, (b) Pembuatan proposal dan penyelesaian administrasi perijinan tempat atau lokasi pengabdian masyarakat, (c) Pembuatan modul pelatihan MS Word dan MS Excel, (d) Pembuatan atau pencarian video tutorial MS Word dan MS Excel (d) Perbanyakan modul sesuai dengan jumlah peserta. (e) Penentuan nara sumber. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan: (1) Kegiatan Desa Binaan yang dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pelatihan Co-Fe (Microsoft Office) ini dapat terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar, meskipun tidak terlepas pula dari beberapa hambatan dan keterbatasan di lapangan. (2) Warga binaan memiliki keterampilan praktis sehingga menjadi bekal memasuki dunia kerja. (3) Warga binaan atau peserta pelatihan memiliki keterampilan life skill yang dapat dijadikan modal untuk mengikuti persaingan pada era dimana keterampilan dibidang komputer sangat dibutuhkan. (4) Warga binaan atau peserta pelatihan tidak asing lagi dengan istilah-istilah komputer yang mana selama ini mereka beranggapan bahwa komputer itu adalah suatu barang yang aneh bagi mereka dan tidak mungkin mereka dapat mengoperasikannya.
Kata Kunci: pelatihan, soft skill , komputer, Co-Fe (Microsoft Office)
Lingual Frenectomy as Treatment of Ankyloglossia in Children: A case report
Authors: Saskianti Tania , Aprillia Zita , Puteri Mega Moeharyono , Az Zahra Alivy Aulia , Tedjosasongko Udijanto 
Published: June 2020

Background: Ankyloglossia or tongue tie is a congenital condition that results when the inferior lingual fraenulum is too short and attached to the tip of the tongue, limiting its normal movements. It causes restricted tongue mobility which in turn causes feeding difficulties and speech problems. Purpose : The article was aimed to report the treatment of an eight years old boy who came with the chief complaint of difficulty in moving his tongue freely which causes speech difficulties. Case Management : The patient was treated for a lingual frenectomy procedure under local anaesthesia using one haemostat method. The haemostats were used to delimit the area to be excised as well as to guide the incisions. One haemostat used to clamp the upper aspect of the fraenulum may be helpful to guide the incision close to the ventral surface of the tongue. After the release of the tongue, care must be taken not to injury the submandibular ducts when making the second incision at the lower aspect of the fraenulum. After 1 to 2 weeks the incision was completely healed. Discussion: Ankyloglossia occurs due to failure in cellular degeneration leading to longer anchorage between tongue and floor of the mouth. Surgical intervention for treating ankyloglossia includes conventional technique with hemostats, electrocautery and laser. In this case, patient was undertaken surgical intervention using one hemostat method. Conclusion: The ankyloglossia case showed that the frenectomy gave good healing with no post operative complications in 8 years old boy.
Toxicity Test on Taro Leaf Extract (Colocasia Esculenta L. Schoot) as Mouthwash to BHK-21 Fibroblast Cell Culture in Denture Users
Authors: Meilena Tiara , Fabiansyah Januar Cidie , Djulaeha Eha , Hidayati Hanoem Eka 
Published: June 2020

Background: One of requirements for a material to be used in dentistry is that the material must be non toxic and non irritant, as well as have biocompatibility properties, not triggering a detrimental effect on the biological environment, both locally and systemically. The first-line tests that must be conducted is in vitro tests, one of which is MTT Assay. Samples used in this research were fibroblast cells (cultured BHK-21 cells) since fibroblasts are the most important and largest components in pulp, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Purpose: This research aimed to determine toxicity effect of taro leaf extracts (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) on BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory research using Post Test Only Control Group design. The research treatment are the administration of Taro leaf extract (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) with 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% concentration on BHK-21 fibroblast cell. Results: The fibroblast cell life percentage in 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% concentration respectively are 106,3%, 50,9%, 36,2%, and 30,1%. The toxicity results are obtained using MTT assay technique after 24 hours. The optical density absorbency values are read by ELISA reader and represent life cell viability. Conclusion: Taro leaf extract (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) at a concentration above 80% is considered as non-toxic material to BHK-21 fibroblast cells
Perfil socioeconômico e laboral dos pescadores artesanais de camarão-rosa no complexo estuarino de Tramandaí­­ (RS), Brasil
Authors: SILVA-GONÇALVES Raoní , D'INCAO Fernando 
Published: June 2020

A pesca artesanal no Brasil possui importí­¢ncia social e econômica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o perfil dos pescadores artesanais de camarão-rosa, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, em Tramandaí­­, RS, Brasil. Os pescadores foram entrevistados nos anos de 2012 e 2013. A faixa etária deles foi de 45 a 58 anos, com média de 30 anos de profissão. A maioria tem filhos, possui baixa escolaridade e pretende continuar na profissão. No entanto, 92,3% dos pescadores não gostariam que seus filhos os seguissem neste ofí­­cio. Eles trabalham em média seis horas diárias, sete dias por semana. Em 2012, capturaram, por semana, cerca de 104 kg de camarão e, em 2013, 61,2 kg. Embora consigam manter suas famí­­lias com a pesca, mostram-se insatisfeitos com a profissão. A pouca escolaridade e a falta de oportunidades em outras ocupações fazem com que não pretendam abandonar a atividade pesqueira.
EFEITO DA ALCALINIDADE NO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE JUVENIS DE CAMARÃO BRANCO DO PACÍFICO CULTIVADOS EM SISTEMA DE ÁGUA CLARA E BIOFLOCOS
Authors: MAICÁ Paula Fraga , FURTADO Plínio Schmidt , MARTINS Átila Clívea da Silva , Filho Kleber Campos MIRANDA , WASIELESKY Jr. Wilson 
Published: June 2020

Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da alcalinidade no consumo alimentar e demais parí­¢metros de desempenho de juvenis de Litopenaeus vannamei cultivados em água contendo bioflocos e água clara. Para tanto, durante 3 dias, camarões de 4,06 Â± 0,34 g foram mantidos em recipientes de 3 L, sob as concentrações Controle, 50, 100 e 200 mg L-1 de alcalinidade, com 5 repetições cada, em bioflocos e água clara. O consumo alimentar foi verificado uma vez ao dia e os demais parí­¢metros de desempenho foram avaliados ao final do experimento. Nesse estudo, verifica-se que o consumo alimentar dos camarões não é afetado entre os ní­­veis de alcalinidade e nos sistemas de água clara e bioflocos. Já o ganho em peso e a taxa de crescimento especí­­fico são afetados positivamente nas maiores concentrações de alcalinidade, no sistema de bioflocos, onde demonstram os melhores resultados. E a sobrevivência, assim como o consumo alimentar, não é afetada entre os ní­­veis de alcalinidade e nos sistemas de água clara e bioflocos. Contudo, a possibilidade de exposição í­Â concentrações de alcalinidade inapropriadas, durante longos perí­­odos de tempo, pode afetar negativamente os animais, assim, ressaltando a importí­¢ncia da manutenção da alcalinidade em ní­­veis adequados í­Â espécie cultivada.
TOXICIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Lippia origanoides EM TAMBAQUI (Colossoma macropomum) E SEU EFEITO FRENTE í­â‚¬ Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: OLIVEIRA Susanne Regina Nazaré de , OLIVEIRA Marjorie Aymê Souza de , BRANDÃO Franmir Rodrigues , MAJOLO Cláudia , CHAVES Francisco Célio Maia , CHAGAS Edsandra Campos 
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo avaliou a toxicidade do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides em tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e sua atividade in vivo frente í­Â Aeromonas hydrophila. Para os testes de toxicidade, tambaquis foram expostos a 0, 5, 10, 12,5, 15, 17,5 e 20 mg L-1 do óleo essencial de L. origanoides por 96 horas. A concentração média letal (CL50) foi estimada em 15,2 mg L-1. Após exposição dos tambaquis í­Â s concentrações subletais de L. origanoides (7,6 e 11,4 mg L-1) por 96 horas, poucas alterações hematológicas e bioquí­­micas como aumento no volume corpuscular médio e decréscimo nos valores de proteí­­nas totais foram observadas na concentração de 7,6 mg L-1, o que não compromete a homeostase orgí­¢nica dos peixes. Tambaquis experimentalmente infectados com A. hydrophila alcançaram maior taxa de sobrevivência (79,2%) após banho terapêutico com 10 mg L-1 do óleo essencial de L. origanoides. Portanto, o tambaqui exibe moderada tolerí­¢ncia ao óleo essencial de L. origanoides e este óleo tem potencial para uso no tratamento de tambaqui (C. macropomum) infectado com A. hydrophila.
Abundance tracking by long-read nanopore sequencing of complex microbial communities in samples from 20 different biogas/wastewater plants
Authors: Brandt Christian , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Müller Bettina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Anaerobic digestion (AD) has long been critical technology for green energy, but the majority of the microorganisms involved are unknown and are currently not cultivable, which makes abundance tracking difficult. Developments in nanopore long-read sequencing make it a promising approach for monitoring microbial communities via metagenomic sequencing. For reliable monitoring of AD via long reads, a robust protocol for obtaining less fragmented, high-quality DNA, while preserving bacteria and archaea composition, was established. Results: Samples from 20 different biogas/wastewater reactors were investigated, and a median of 20.5 Gb sequencing data per nanopore flow cell was retrieved for each reactor using the developed DNA isolation protocol. The nanopore sequencing data was compared against Illumina sequencing data while using different taxonomic indices for read classifications. The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) index allowed sufficient characterisation of the abundance of bacteria and archaea in biogas reactors with a dramatic improvement (1.8- to 13-fold increase) in taxonomic classification compared to the RefSeq index. Both technologies performed similarly in taxonomic read classification with a slight advantage for Illumina in regards to the total proportion of classified reads. However, nanopore sequencing data revealed a higher genus richness after classification. Conclusion: Metagenomic read classification via nanopore provides a promising approach to monitor the abundance of taxa present in a microbial AD community, as an alternative to 16S rRNA studies or Illumina Sequencing.
Retrospective investigation of Echinococcus canadensis emergence in translocated elk (Cervus canadensis) in Tennessee, USA, and examination of canid definitive hosts
Authors: Dell BreeAnna Mary , Newman Shelley J. , Purple Kathryn , Miller Brad , Ramsay Edward , Donnell Robert , Gerhold Richard W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Few reports of Echinococcus granulosus have been described in the Unites States; however, the geographical distribution of Echinococcus spp. in wild hosts is increasing consequent to human activities. Methods:We investigated the prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in re-established elk ( Cervus canadensis ) populations in the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park via a retrospective analysis of banked elk tissues and an examination of intestinal contents from 11 coyotes ( Canis latrans ) from the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area. Results: Four elk were PCR and sequence positive for E. canadensis . Each sequence had 98% or greater coverage and identity to multiple E. canadensis genotypes in Genbank. Adult Echinococcus spp. were not detected in any of the coyotes examined in this study. Conclusions: Continued surveillance of this disease in susceptible species in these areas is warranted, and these data further underscore the risk of zoonotic pathogen introduction secondary to wildlife translocation.