bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endurance exercise training volume is not associated with progression of coronary artery calcification
Authors: Kleiven Øyunn , Bjørkavoll‐Bergseth Magnus F. , Omland Torbjørn , Aakre Kristin M. , Frøysa Vidar , Erevik Christine B. , Greve Ole J. , Melberg Tor H. , Auestad Bjørn , Skadberg Øyvind , Edvardsen Thor , Ørn Stein 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundRecent cross‐sectional studies have suggested a dose‐dependent relationship between lifelong exposure to physical activity and the burden of calcified coronary artery disease (CAD). No longitudinal studies have addressed this concern.HypothesisExercise volume is associated with progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC), defined as ≥10 units increase in CAC score.MethodsSixty‐one recreational athletes who were assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as part of the NEEDED 2013/14 study were re‐assessed 4‐5 years later, in 2018.ResultsSubjects were 45.9 ± 9.6 years old at inclusion, and 46 (74%) were male. Between 2013 and 2018, the participants reported median 5 (range: 0‐20, 25th‐75th percentile: 4‐6) hours of high‐intensity exercise per week. None of the included subjects smoked during follow‐up. At inclusion, 21 (33%) participants had coronary artery calcifications. On follow‐up CCTA in 2018, 15 (25%) subjects had progressive coronary calcification (≥10 Agatston units increase in CAC). These subjects were older (53 ± 9 vs 44 ± 9 years old, P = .002) and had higher levels of low‐density lipoprotein at baseline (3.5 (2.9‐4.3) vs 2.9 (2.3‐3.5) mmol/L, P = .031) as compared to subjects with stable condition. No relationship was found between hours of endurance training per week and progression of coronary artery calcification. In multiple regression analysis, age and baseline CAC were the only significant predictors of progressive CAC.ConclusionNo relationship between exercise training volume and the progression of coronary artery calcification was found in this longitudinal study of middle‐aged recreational athletes.
Incisional infections associated with ventral midline celiotomy in horses
Authors: Shearer Tara R. , Holcombe Susan J. , Valberg Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the veterinary literature regarding healing and complications associated with equine celiotomy including anatomy and physiology, risk factors for incisional infection and hernia, and treatment.EtiologyCeliotomy is the most common approach to treat horses with surgical colic. Incision through the linea alba provides exposure to most of the abdomen for exploration, exteriorization, and correction of surgical lesions. Incisional apposition relies on suture strength during anesthetic recovery and for the first 30 days postoperatively. Factors associated with the patient, surgical lesion and procedures, anesthesia, and recovery put the horse at risk for surgical site infection. Infection is the most important risk factor for incisional hernia formation.DiagnosisA presumptive diagnosis of surgical site infection is made based on the presence of fever and incisional swelling, pain, and discharge. Ultrasonography can be used to identify areas of fluid accumulation prior to the appearance of incisional drainage. Definitive diagnosis is based on positive bacteriologic culture of the incisional discharge. Incisional hernia is diagnosed by palpation of the incision, usually 30–60 days after surgery. Ultrasound of the incision may aide in early diagnosis of incisional hernia if gaps along the incision in the linea alba are apparent.TherapyNo objective data exist to assess the efficacy of specific therapies for surgical site infections following celiotomy. Principles of treatment include the establishment of drainage, bandaging, antimicrobial therapy based on culture and sensitivity, and extended rest in an attempt to avoid incisional hernia or dehiscence. Treatment for incisional hernia includes prolonged circumferential bandaging, open or minimally invasive hernia repair, or no treatment.PrognosisIncisional complications are associated with prolonged convalescence and diminished prognosis for return to athleticism. Limiting risk factors for surgical site infections, prompt treatment, and incisional support may optimize celiotomy healing and timely return to function. Horses compete in many disciplines with incisional hernias.
A prospective randomized, double‐blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine‐bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction
Authors: Pratt Chap L. , Balakrishnan Anusha , McGowan Erin , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Reineke Erica L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of the caudal epidural technique in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).DesignProspective, double‐blinded, randomized, sham‐controlled study.AnimalsEighty‐eight male cats with UO.InterventionsThirty cats randomized to bupivacaine epidural (BUP), 28 cats to bupivacaine‐morphine epidural (BUP/MOR), and 30 cats to sham epidural (SHAM).Measurements and Main ResultsTime to perform the epidural and efficacy of the epidural was assessed by evaluation of tail and perineal responses. The amount of propofol for urinary catheterization and time to administration of rescue analgesia (buprenorphine) was recorded. Cats were monitored for epidural complications. The median time to perform the epidural was 2 min (range, 0.2‐13 min and range, 0.5‐13 min), with an epidural success rate of 70%. The median amount of propofol administered for urinary catheterization was significantly less in the BUP (2.1 mg/kg; range, 0‐7.5 mg/kg) and MOR/BUP cats (1.85 mg/kg; range, 0‐8.6 mg/kg) as compared to SHAM cats (4 mg/kg; range, 0‐12.7 mg/kg) (P = 0.006,P = 0.0008, respectively). The median time to administration of rescue analgesia was also significantly longer in the BUP (10 h; range, 2‐32 h) and MOR/BUP cats (10 h; range, 4‐45 h) as compared to SHAM cats (4 h; range, 2‐36 h) (P = 0.0026,P = 0.0004, respectively). There were no recognized complications related to the epidural.ConclusionCaudal epidural appears to be safe, may reduce the amount of IV anesthesia needed to facilitate urinary catheterization, and can be used to provide long‐term analgesia in the hospital.
Normative ocular data for juvenile and adult Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Presby Justine A. , Scott Erin M. , Norman Keri N. , Hoppes Sharman M. , Tizard Ian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain normative ocular data for Japanese quail as they mature from juveniles to adults.Animals StudiedTwenty‐six captive Japanese quail comprising thirteen males and thirteen females, free of ocular disease, were included in the study.ProceduresOphthalmic reference values were measured in both eyes at 1 and 5 months of age. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including neuro‐ophthalmic reflexes, slit lamp biomicroscopy, phenol red thread test (PRTT), rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, horizontal corneal diameter measurement, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ocular ultrasound biometry. Ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of axial globe length, lens thickness, vitreal chamber length, and pecten length were recorded. The depth of the anterior chamber was calculated by subtracting the lens thickness and vitreous length from the axial globe length. Measures of association and descriptive statistics were analyzed using STATA‐14 and STATA‐15.ResultsJuvenile and adult females were heavier than age‐matched males. Weight, intraocular pressure, horizontal corneal diameter, axial globe length, and lens thickness measurements increased with age. No statistically significant differences were found in the remainder of measurements among individuals in different sex or age‐groups.ConclusionsThis work provides reference values and clinical findings that can be used in future research on quail and ocular disease.
Volumetric mapping of the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network in the perfused brainstem preparation of rats
Authors: Dhingra Rishi R. , Dick Thomas E. , Furuya Werner I. , Galán Roberto F. , Dutschmann Mathias 
Published: February 2020

Key points
The functional neuroanatomy of the mammalian respiratory network is far from being understood since experimental tools that measure neural activity across this brainstem‐wide circuit are lacking.
Here, we use silicon multi‐electrode arrays to record respiratory local field potentials (rLFPs) from 196–364 electrode sites within 8–10 mm3 of brainstem tissue in single arterially perfused brainstem preparations with respect to the ongoing respiratory motor pattern of inspiration (I), post‐inspiration (PI) and late‐expiration (E2).
rLFPs peaked specifically at the three respiratory phase transitions, E2–I, I–PI and PI–E2.
We show, for the first time, that only the I–PI transition engages a brainstem‐wide network, and that rLFPs during the PI–E2 transition identify a hitherto unknown role for the dorsal respiratory group.
Volumetric mapping of pontomedullary rLFPs in single preparations could become a reliable tool for assessing the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network in health and disease.
AbstractWhile it is widely accepted that inspiratory rhythm generation depends on the pre‐Bötzinger complex, the functional neuroanatomy of the neural circuits that generate expiration is debated. We hypothesized that the compartmental organization of the brainstem respiratory network is sufficient to generate macroscopic local field potentials (LFPs), and if so, respiratory (r) LFPs could be used to map the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network. We developed an approach using silicon multi‐electrode arrays to record spontaneous LFPs from hundreds of electrode sites in a volume of brainstem tissue while monitoring the respiratory motor pattern on phrenic and vagal nerves in the perfused brainstem preparation. Our results revealed the expression of rLFPs across the pontomedullary brainstem. rLFPs occurred specifically at the three transitions between respiratory phases: (1) from late expiration (E2) to inspiration (I), (2) from I to post‐inspiration (PI), and (3) from PI to E2. Thus, respiratory network activity was maximal at respiratory phase transitions. Spatially, the E2–I, and PI–E2 transitions were anatomically localized to the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups, respectively. In contrast, our data show, for the first time, that the generation of controlled expiration during the post‐inspiratory phase engages a distributed neuronal population within ventral, dorsal and pontine network compartments. A group‐wise independent component analysis demonstrated that all preparations exhibited rLFPs with a similar temporal structure and thus share a similar functional neuroanatomy. Thus, volumetric mapping of rLFPs could allow for the physiological assessment of global respiratory network organization in health and disease.
Leveraging National Laboratory Assets to Address Stability Challenges due to Declining Grid Inertia Using Geographically Distributed Electrical–Thermal Co-Emulation
Authors: Hovsapian R. , Panwar M. , Osorio J. D. , Mohanpurkar M. , Maloney D. J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Due to increased penetration of low-inertia resources into the electric grid, challenges are increasing for maintaining wide-area system stability. Grid stability assessment requires a faithful representation of the multiple-physics interaction at the system level, and timescales of interaction varying in orders of magnitude, from microseconds to seconds to several minutes. Along with the simulation-based techniques, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), controller HIL, and power HIL techniques have been developed to better understand the emergent behavior of the system with emerging technologies. US National Laboratories have played a vital role in research and development to understand the behavior of individual technologies and devices integrated to the electric grid. Each national laboratory forwards a technological and strategic initiative tied core and enabling capabilities. Due to strategic, efficiency, and economic reasons, not all the labs have assets to conduct research on all technologies concomitantly, so it becomes crucial to integrate the labs across geographies to understand the interplay of different technologies together at the system level. This approach avoids duplication of the assets at different lab facilities and helps understand the integrated system behavior of various technologies representative of actual grid conditions by connecting multiple national labs. This paper talks about techniques of connecting three national laboratories to enable co-emulation of electrical–mechanical–thermal characteristics of devices and systems. Such an approach can be used to understand the dynamic and transient interaction of multi-physics in a system level, at-scale emulation using real-time simulation tools and techniques.
Drivers of healthy eating in a workplace in Nepal: a qualitative study
Authors: Tamrakar Dipesh , Shrestha Archana , Rai Anjana , Karmacharya Biraj Man , Malik Vasanti , Mattei Josiemer , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions, enablers and barriers to employees’ healthy eating in a hospital site.DesignA qualitative study including focus group discussion and in-depth interview, data were analysed using thematic analysis method.SettingThe study was carried out among employees of Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, located about 30 km east of Nepal's capital Kathmandu.ParticipantsFocus group discussions were conducted among the 33 participants, who were divided into four groups: (a) support staff (drivers, cook, laundry, gardeners and ward boys), (b) hospital administrators and managers, (c) health personnel (doctors, nurses and assistants) who work 8–12 hours shifts and (d) health personnel who work during office hours. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted among six canteen operators and three managers.ResultsThe major factors for promoting healthy eating were identified as the availability of affordable healthy food options in the cafeterias, a commitment to such promotion by the cafeteria manager, operators, staff and hospital administration and the level of education of the employees. The most commonly reported barriers for healthy eating were the unavailability of healthy options, including the lack of food supply from local market, the higher cost of healthy foods, individual food preferences and limited human resources in the cafeteria.ConclusionThe availability of affordable healthy foods, supply of healthy foods from the market, commitment from cafeteria managers, hospital administrators and health awareness among cafeteria operators may promote healthy eating among employees in a Nepali hospital setting.
Experiences of health after dietary changes in endometriosis: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Vennberg Karlsson Jenny , Patel Harshida , Premberg Asa 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesEndometriosis is a chronic disease with no known cure. Persons affected by this disease often use complementary therapies such as dietary changes to reduce their symptoms, and so it is important to investigate whether and how these therapies affect endometriosis symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with endometriosis experienced their health after dietary changes.DesignSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 persons with endometriosis who had made individual dietary changes aimed at decreasing their endometriosis symptoms. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.SettingRegion Västra Götaland and the estern part of Central Sweden, Sweden.ParticipantsTwelve persons with endometriosis aged 28 to 44 were recruited from two Swedish endometriosis support forums on the Internet.ResultsParticipants experienced an increase in well-being and a decrease in symptoms following their dietary and lifestyle changes. They also felt that the dietary changes led to increased energy levels and a deeper understanding of how they could affect their health by listening to their body’s reactions. The participants understood that they could influence their symptoms through lifestyle changes. Support from family and friends was important in implementing and sustaining the dietary changes. However, the participants stressed the lack of support from healthcare professionals.ConclusionsThis study contributes to filling the knowledge gap about dietary strategies in endometriosis and lifestyle change as a method of alleviating suffering and increasing well-being. An important finding is that the participants experienced decreased symptoms and increased well-being after adopting an individually-adapted diet. Healthcare professionals should take their patients’ knowledge and experience into consideration, and allow patients to participate in their own care. Further research is necessary to give evidenced-based dietary advices in endometriosis.
Enhancing primary care services for diverse sexual and gender minority populations: a developmental study protocol
Authors: Willging Cathleen , Kano Miria , Green Amy Elizabeth , Sturm Robert , Sklar Marisa , Davies Sonnie , Eckstrand Kristen 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionCompared with heterosexual, cisgender populations, sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are more likely to suffer from serious health conditions and insufficient access to health services. Primary care is at the frontlines of healthcare delivery; yet, few clinics have resources or mechanisms in place to meet SGM patient needs. This developmental study protocol focuses on reducing health disparities among SGM patients by identifying, adapting and developing SGM practice guidelines/recommendations and implementation strategies for primary care clinics in urban and rural New Mexico. Using input from patients, healthcare advocates and providers, and researchers, the study will pilot a practice parameter and implementation toolkit to promote SGM-specific cultural competence at multiple service delivery levels.Methods and analysisWe will recruit providers/staff from four Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serving ethnically and geographically diverse communities. Incorporating the Implementation of Change Model and an intersectionality perspective, data collection includes a systematic review of SGM-specific practice guidelines/recommendations, focus groups and semistructured interviews, quantitative surveys and the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) with providers/staff. We will categorise guidelines/recommendations identified through the review by shared elements, use iterative processes of open and focused coding to analyse qualitative data from focus groups, interviews and the NGT, and apply descriptive statistics to assess survey data. Findings will provide the foundation for the toolkit. Focus groups with SGM patients will yield supplemental information for toolkit refinement. To investigate changes in primary care contexts following the toolkit’s pilot, we will undertake systematic walkthroughs and document review at the FQHCs, analysing these data qualitatively to examine SGM inclusiveness. The structured data-informed Plan-Do-Study-Act method will enable further revision of the toolkit. Finally, focus groups, interviews and quantitative surveys with providers/staff will highlight changes made in the FQHCs to address SGM patient needs, barriers to sustainment of changes, satisfaction, acceptability, usability and feasibility of the toolkit.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Institutional Review Board. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants before their involvement in research activities begins. Study results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and the internet, and community/stakeholder engagement activities.
When to break the news and whose responsibility is it? A cross-sectional qualitative study of health professionals’ views regarding disclosure of BRCA genetic cancer risk
Authors: Young Alison Luk , Butow Phyllis N , Tucker Katherine M , Wakefield Claire E , Healey Emma , Williams Rachel 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesDisclosure of a hereditary condition in the family poses notable challenges for patients who often seek the assistance of genetic health professionals (GHPs). This study aimed to investigate GHPs’ opinions about the ideal time for disclosure to offspring and their responsibility to at-risk relatives.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study.SettingGenetic familial cancer clinics related to mostly secondary and tertiary care hospitals and centres in urban, regional and rural areas across all states of Australia.ParticipantsGHPs (N=73) including clinical geneticists, genetic counsellors, medical specialists, nurses, surgeons and mental health specialists (eg, psychiatrists, psychologists) who had worked with BRCA1 and BRCA2 families for an average of 9 years.ResultsFocus groups and interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. GHPs perceived that life stage, maturity, parents’ knowledge and capacity to disseminate information influenced parent–offspring disclosure. In general, GHPs recommended early informal conversations with offspring about a family illness. GHPs considered that facilitation of disclosure to relatives using counselling strategies was their responsibility, yet there were limitations to their role (eg, legal and resource constraints). Variability exists in the extent to which genetic clinics overcome challenges to disclosure.ConclusionsGHPs’ views on the ideal time for the disclosure of genetic risk are generally dependent on the patient’s age and relative’s ability to disclose information. A responsibility towards the patient and their at-risk relative was widely accepted as a role of a GHP but views vary depending on legislative and specialty differences. Greater uniformity is needed in genetic procedural guidelines and the role of each discipline (eg, geneticists, genetic counsellors, oncologists, nurses and mental health specialists) in genetic clinics to manage disclosure challenges.