bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid‐induced hypogonadism: Pathophysiology, clinical and therapeutics review
Authors: Antony Thomas , Alzaharani Sharifa Y , El‐Ghaiesh Sabah H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOpioids are pivotal therapeutics in the management of escalated chronic pain (moderate–severe). In the last two decades, the increased prescription rate and the prolonged usage of opioids shed light on opioid‐induced endocrinopathy. Opioid‐induced hypogonadism (OHG) results upon long‐term opioid therapy. Clinically, patients with OHG are presented mainly by sexual dysfunction and infertility. Opioid clinical use in pain therapy is indispensable. However, the resultant sexual endocrinopathy cannot be overlooked and hence hormonal replacement therapy with regular monitoring of the patients represents a potential therapeutic strategy while avoiding opioids in patients with guaranteed long therapeutic exposure and switching to using low‐dose naltrexone as alternative represents a possible prophylactic measure to ensure therapeutic compliance and secure a good life quality of patients.
Whole faba bean flour exhibits unique expansion characteristics relative to the whole flours of lima, pinto, and red kidney beans during extrusion
Authors: Gu Bon‐Jae , Masli Maria Dian Pratiwi , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetermining the impacts of extrusion conditions on extrudate characteristics of whole beans flours is critical to find the suitable types of beans to use for making direct expanded products. Whole bean flours of four different bean types, faba, lima, pinto, and red kidney, were extruded. The influence of barrel temperature (120, 140, and 160 °C), moisture content (17%, 21%, and 25%), and screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm) on process and product responses was studied with a corotating twin screw extruder. The barrel temperature, moisture content, screw speed, and variety of bean had significant influence on process and product responses, back pressure (MPa), torque (N·m), specific mechanical energy (kJ/kg), expansion ratio, water absorption index (g/g), and water solubility index (%) (P < 0.05). Faba bean extrudates had a significantly higher expansion ratio compared to other beans (lima, pinto, and red kidney beans) even though faba bean contained significantly higher protein and higher crude fiber contents (P < 0.05).Practical ApplicationThe outputs of this research will be helpful to the food industry in the production of high nutrient‐dense food products from whole beans by maintaining the expansion and texture of the products. The data should assist to choose the suitable types of whole bean flours and the optimum processing conditions for making direct expanded extruded products.
Gastrointestinal risk factors and patient‐reported outcomes of ankylosing spondylitis in Korea
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hoon , Park Yong‐wook , Choe Jung‐Yoon , Shin Kichul , Kwon Seong‐Ryul , Cha Jin‐Hye , Kim Young‐Joo , Lee Juneyoung , Kim Tae‐Hwan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study examined the degree of gastrointestinal (GI) risk and patient‐reported outcomes including GI‐related symptoms, adherence to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease activity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsCross‐sectional, observational study conducted at six nationwide, university‐based hospitals of Korea. AS patients treated with NSAIDs for at least 2 weeks were included between March and September 2016. Demographic and clinical data were gathered through a medical chart review and patient survey. GI risk was estimated using Standardized Calculator of Risk for Events (SCORE). NSAIDs adherence was investigated with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale‐8 (MMAS‐8). Disease activity and QoL were examined with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and EuroQol‐3L (EQ‐5D, EQ‐visual analog scale [EQ‐VAS]), respectively. Path analysis was implemented to estimate pathways of GI risk, GI symptoms and NSAIDs adherence to QoL.ResultsA total of 596 patients (age: 38.9 ± 12.6 years, male: 82.1%) participated in the study, of which 33.2% experienced GI symptoms during NSAID treatment, and 34.2% of them showed ongoing GI symptoms upon enrollment. According to SCORE, 37.1% of patients showed moderate to very high GI risk. No patient showed high adherence according to MMAS‐8, so 55.3% of patients with moderate adherence were considered adherent. BASDAI and QoL of the total patients were 3.5 ± 2.0, 0.6 ± 0.3 (EQ‐5D), and 67.4 ± 19.8 (EQ‐VAS), respectively. From path analyses, higher GI risk significantly lowered QoL.ConclusionThis study suggests timely therapeutic strategies should be implemented to manage GI risk during NSAID treatment in order to effectively manage AS.
SATYRIC NOSTALGIA IN THE AESCHYLEAN TETRALOGY
Authors: COO LYNDSAY 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines the role of the satyr play in what appears to have been the distinctly Aeschylean form of the thematically connected tetralogy. In all known cases, Aeschylus’ satyr plays move backwards in time, dramatizing episodes that occur either before or within the time frame of their accompanying tragedies. I argue that this chronological dislocation means that the ‘happy endings’ of satyr play must be understood in the light of the events of the preceding trilogy, and can usually be seen as brief interludes of joy within a wider tragic arc. As a result, the satyr play, instead of erasing the effect of its accompanying tragedies, is capable of generating a nostalgic response that intensifies the emotional effect of both genres.
AESCHYLUS’ DIKTYOULKOI: A TYPICALLY ATYPICAL SATYR PLAY?
Authors: O’SULLIVAN PATRICK 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The story of Danae and her son Perseus on Seriphos, where they are initially rescued by Dictys only to be his molested by his brother Polydectes, appeared in Greek lyric, tragedy, and comedy. Aeschylus’ satyric handling of the story has been read as a light-hearted, romantic romp with Silenos and the chorus acting as benign foster-parents to the infant hero. But Aeschylus gives Silenos and the chorus of satyrs a more menacing identity than they generally had in other plays of this genre. Silenos can be seen as the comical counterpart of Polydectes, and appears to have the full support of his sons, something he clearly does not enjoy in other satyric dramas. The satyrs of the chorus stand in contrast to the often more sympathetic, if clownish, creatures they can be elsewhere. Diktyoulkoi contains elements typical of satyr drama, but in paradoxical ways not without moments of pathos.
The impact of exposure to desert dust on infants’ symptoms and countermeasures to reduce the effects
Authors: Itazawa Toshiko , Kanatani Kumiko T. , Hamazaki Kei , Inadera Hidekuni , Tsuchida Akiko , Tanaka Tomomi , Nakayama Takeo , Go Tohshin , Onishi Kazunari , Kurozawa Yoichi , Adachi Yuichi ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between particulate matter (PM), including desert dust, and allergic symptoms has not been well studied. We examined whether PM exacerbated nose/eye/respiratory symptoms in infants, with a focus on the desert dust element, and assessed possible countermeasures.MethodsWe conducted a panel study of 1492 infants from October 2014 to July 2016 in 3 regions in Japan as an adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Infants’ daily symptom scores and behaviors were acquired by web‐based questionnaires sent to mothers, who answered within a day using mobile phones. Odds ratios (OR) for symptom development per increased fine PM or desert dust exposure were estimated. Regular use of medications and behaviors on the day of exposure were investigated as possible effect modifiers.ResultsInfants developed nose/eye/respiratory symptoms significantly more often in accordance with fine particulate levels (adjusted OR per 10 µg/m3 increase: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01‐1.07). A model including both fine particulates and desert dust showed reduced OR for fine particulates and robust OR for desert dust (adjusted OR per 0.1/km increase: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.23). An increased OR was observed both in infants who had previously wheezed and in those who had never wheezed. Receiving information on the particulate forecast, reducing time outdoors, closing windows, and regular use of leukotriene receptor antagonists were significant effect modifiers.ConclusionsTransborder desert dust arrival increased the risk of nose/eye/respiratory symptoms development in infants. Regular use of leukotriene receptor antagonists and other countermeasures reduced the risk.
β‐1,3‐glucanase rOle e 9 and MnSOD rAsp f 6 IgE reactivity are the signature of atopic dermatitis in the Mediterranean area
Authors: Scala Enrico , Abeni Damiano , Guerra Emma C. , Pirrotta Lia , Locanto Maria , Meneguzzi Giorgia , Giani Mauro , Russo Giandomenico , Asero Riccardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) represents a chronic skin disorder seriously affecting patients’ QoL and is often associated with immunological imbalance, disorders of the skin barrier function and environmental factors.ObjectiveWe extensively studied the proteomic IgE sensitization profile in a large AD Mediterranean cohort.MethodsA total of 588 individuals with moderate‐severe (70.6%) or mild and/or history of (29.4%) AD were evaluated in comparison to 1285 unselected atopic controls (AC) with a history of adverse reactions to foods, allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma by means of ImmunoCAP ISAC112® and Allergy Explorer‐ALEX® microarray analysis.ResultsThe olive tree pollen β‐1,3‐glucanase rOle e 9 and the manganese superoxide dismutase from Aspergillus rAsp f 6 were the molecules most significantly associated with AD occurrence and allowed to discriminate among the moderate and severe forms of disease. An IgE hyper‐reactivity to cypress, grasses, olive tree, house dust mites (including rDer p 11), and to all cross‐reactive components except profilin and polcalcin was observed. About 60% of adults with severe AD were sensitized to nsLTPs. Cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) IgE was found in about one‐third of AD participants. Hen eggs nGal d 1 IgE sensitization was more prevalent in the paediatric population, whilst rAsp f 6 and rOle e 9 reactivity was found particularly in older patients. Despite the status of widespread IgE sensitization to both environmental and food allergens, a reduced frequency of patient‐reported severe reactions to food or of asthma was observed in AD patients compared to AC, particularly in case of concomitant Ole e 9 reactivity.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceTesting IgE reactivity to a large panel of molecular components unveils important associations between IgE reactivity profiles and AD clinical presentation, highlights the allergens useful for a precise AD signature and allows the detection of interesting sensitisations patterns.
Bone mineral density and fractures in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Findings from the dsd‐LIFE study
Authors: Riehl Gabriel , Reisch Nicole , Roehle Robert , Claahsen van der Grinten Hedi , Falhammar Henrik , Quinkler Marcus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) type and doses of glucocorticoids used as well as sex hormone secretion during puberty have important actions on bone mineral density (BMD) in adulthood.AimTo evaluate BMD in adult CAH patients depending on current glucocorticoid therapy and on androgen levels in adulthood and at age 16 years.MethodsWe included 244 CAH patients from the dsd‐LIFE cohort (women n = 147, men n = 97; salt‐wasting n = 148, simple‐virilizing n = 71, nonclassical n = 25) in which BMD and bloods were available. Clinical and hormonal data at age 16years were retrieved from patients' files.ResultsSimple‐virilizing women showed lower BMD compared to salt‐wasting women at trochanter (0.65 ± 0.12 vs 0.75 ± 0.15 g/cm2; P < .050), whole femur T‐score (−0.87 ± 1.08 vs −0.16 ± 1.24; P < .05) and lumbar T‐score (−0.81 ± 1.34 vs 0.09 ± 1.3; P < .050). Fracture prevalence did not differ significantly between the CAH groups. Prednisolone vs. hydrocortisone only therapy caused worse trochanter Z‐score (−1.38 ± 1.46 vs −0.47 ± 1.16; P < .050). In women lumbar spine, BMD correlated negatively with hydrocortisone‐equivalent dose per body surface (r2 = 0.695, P < .001). Furthermore, BMI at age 16years correlated positively with lumbar spine T‐score (r2 = 0.439, P = .003) and BMD (r2 = 0.420, P = .002) in women. The androstenedione/testosterone ratio at age 16years correlated positively with lumbar spine Z‐score in women (r2 = 0.284, P = .024) and trochanter Z‐score in men (r2 = 0.600, P = .025).ConclusionHigher glucocorticoid doses seemed to cause lower BMD especially in women. Prednisolone appeared to have more detrimental effects on BMD than hydrocortisone. Higher glucocorticoid doses (lower androstenedione/testosterone ratio) during adolescence may cause lower BMD in adulthood.
Revisiting U.S. country of origin labeling trade damage estimates how does an equilibrium displacement model perform under different scenarios
Authors: Hahn William F. , Sydow Sharon S. , Preston Warren P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMexico and Canada successfully challenged the U.S. mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) requirements for beef and pork as inconsistent with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, which ultimately led to arbitration over the level of trade lost due to the COOL measure. During this phase of the dispute, Mexico, Canada, and the United States provided the Arbitration Panel with estimates of the trade losses caused by COOL that were produced using different quantitative methods. The U.S. estimates were based on an equilibrium displacement model (EDM). This article presents a version of the EDM used by the U.S. Government to calculate trade losses due to COOL. The Panel developed its own analysis combining econometric analysis and an EDM that used only supply‐side information to calculate changes in Canadian and Mexican livestock trade. The U.S. EDM includes both the supply and demand sides of the market. We use the U.S. EDM and the Panel's assumptions to re‐estimate the value of lost trade due to COOL. The inclusion of demand‐side effects and domestic COOL costs produces lower estimated trade damages than those produced using the Panel's analysis, validating the EDM as a useful quantitative tool for this type of trade policy analysis.
Perspectives of traditional Himalayan communities on fostering coexistence with Himalayan wolf and snow leopard
Authors: Kusi Naresh , Sillero‐Zubiri Claudio , Macdonald David W. , Johnson Paul J. , Werhahn Geraldine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Himalayan wolfCanissp. and snow leopardPanthera unciaare found in the Nepalese Himalayas where conservation efforts target the latter but not the former. We conducted semistructured questionnaire surveys of 71 residents in upper Humla, upper Dolpa, and Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) during 2014–2016 to understand people's knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and interactions with these two carnivores. We fitted a cumulative link mixed model to predict Likert scale ordinal responses from a series of Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Overall, attitudes were more positive toward snow leopards than wolves. Livestock depredation was the main predictor of the general negative attitude toward wolves (Estimate = −1.30873;p= .029866) but there was no evidence for an effect for snow leopards (Estimate = −0.3640;p= .631446). Agropastoralists had more negative attitudes than respondents with other occupations toward both carnivores and men had more positive attitudes than women. Among our study areas, respondents in the community‐owned KCA had the most positive attitudes. Our findings illustrate the need to reduce human–carnivore conflict through a combined approach of education, mitigation, and economic cost‐sharing with respectful engagement of local communities. Specifically, to encourage more villagers to participate in livestock insurance schemes, they should be improved by including all large carnivores and adjusting compensation to the market value of a young replacement of the depredated livestock type. Carnivore conservation interventions should target the whole predator guild to achieve long‐term success and to protect the Himalayan ecosystem at large.
Downregulation von Loricrin und epitheliale Erkrankungen: ein systematischer Überblick
Authors: Catunda Raisa , Rekhi Umar , Clark Danielle , Levin Liran , Febbraio Maria 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Downregulation von Loricrin wurde mit alterungsbedingten Veränderungen, mit Genodermatosen und entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen assoziiert. Wir stellen die Hypothese auf, dass Veränderungen bei Loricrin eng mit einer veränderten Barrierefunktion verbunden sind und damit mit Störungen, welche die epithelialen Zellen betreffen wie Psoriasis, atopische Dermatitis (AD), Erythrokeratodermie, Loricrin‐Keratodermie (LK) und Parodontitis. Ziel dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit ist es, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zu Assoziationen zwischen einer Downregulation von Loricrin und epithelialen Erkrankungen zusammenzufassen. Die Recherche wurde in folgenden Datenbanken durchgeführt: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS und Google Scholar. Dabei wurden 16 Artikel gefunden. Das Loricrin‐Keratoderm erwies sich als diejenige epitheliale Erkrankung, die am häufigsten mit Mutationen im Loricrin‐Gen assoziiert war (730insG, 709insC und 578insG; 5/7 Fälle [71,44 %]). Die atopische Dermatitis war am häufigsten mit einer Downregulation von Loricrin assoziiert (2/7 Fälle [28,6 %]). Die mutilierende Palmoplantarkeratose, die Erythrokeratodermia progressiva symmetrica und eine neue Variante der Erythrokeratodermie waren nicht mit Mutationen assoziiert. Auf der genetischen Ebene zeigten Patienten mit Parodontitis die stärkste Reduktion (–6,89x), gefolgt von Patienten mit AD (–6,5x) und Psoriasis (–0,5x). Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Loricrin‐Mutationen und ‐Downregulation mit verschiedenen epithelialen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind. Die Vielfalt der klinischen Erscheinungsformen hängt wahrscheinlich davon ab, ob Loricrin komplett fehlt, eine Fehllokalisation besteht und/oder ob die mutierte Form des Loricrin sich auf die Funktion anderer Proteine auswirkt und/oder eine Verhornungsstörung zur Folge hat.
Schätzung der Prävalenz und Inzidenz von Hautkrebs in Deutschland
Authors: Krensel Magdalene , Petersen Jana , Mohr Peter , Weishaupt Carsten , Augustin Jobst , Schäfer Ines 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleZiel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Prävalenz und Inzidenz von Hautkrebs zu bestimmen.Patienten und MethodikDie Prävalenz und Inzidenz des kutanen Melanoms (CM) und des nicht‐melanozytären Hautkrebses (NMSC) in Deutschland wurden anhand von Krankenkassendaten von 2,1 Millionen Versicherten für das Jahr 2012 berechnet. Um Aussagen zu Unterschieden zwischen Untergruppen zu ermöglichen, wurden 95‐%‐Konfidenzintervalle ermittelt. Anschließend wurden die Prävalenz und Inzidenz in Bezug auf die deutsche Bevölkerung standardisiert.ErgebnissePrävalenz und Inzidenz des CM betrugen 0,12 % bzw. 0,04 % und nahmen mit dem Alter zu. Die entsprechenden Werte für NMSC beliefen sich auf 0,65 % bzw. 0,15 %. Von den prävalenten und inzidenten Patienten befanden sich 88,9 % bzw. 87,4 % (CM) sowie 99,4 % bzw. 98,8 % (NMSC) in frühen Erkrankungsstadien. Eine Projektion auf die Gesamtbevölkerung ergab 75 419 Personen, die von CM, und 376 004 Personen, die von NMSC betroffen waren, darunter 24 075 (CM) und 84 618 (NMSC) inzidente Patienten.SchlussfolgerungenIn der Studie wurden die epidemiologischen Maßzahlen anhand von Hautkrebspatienten ermittelt, bei denen sich im Rahmen einer ärztlichen Konsultation eine Therapienotwendigkeit ergaben. Die Ergebnisse können in künftigen Forschungsarbeiten als Datenbasis für Analysen des medizinischen Versorgungsbedarfs von Hautkrebspatienten sowie der damit verbundenen Kosten herangezogen werden.
Effects of Notch glycosylation on health and diseases
Authors: Urata Yusuke , Takeuchi Hideyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNotch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway and is essential for cell‐fate specification in metazoans. Dysregulation of Notch signaling results in various human diseases, including cardiovascular defects and cancer. In 2000, Fringe, a known regulator of Notch signaling, was discovered as a Notch‐modifying glycosyltransferase. Since then, glycosylation—a post‐translational modification involving literal sugars—on the Notch extracellular domain has been noted as a critical mechanism for the regulation of Notch signaling. Additionally, the presence of diverse O‐glycans decorating Notch receptors has been revealed in the extracellular domain epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF) repeats. Here, we concisely summarize the recent studies in the human diseases associated with aberrant Notch glycosylation.
Lessons from bamboo‐eating pandas and their gut microbiome: Gut microbiome flow and applications
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Hu Ting , Lu Guoqing , Zhu Lifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe giant panda is one of the most endangered mammals in the world, and many studies have revealed their evolutionary adaptation to the local environment (e.g., dietary cellulose and cyanide) on the evidences from population genetics and their gut microbiome. Here, based on the results of our analysis of the giant panda gut microbiome, we concluded that instability and resilience are the two primary characteristics of the giant panda gut microbiome. This basic information may have an impact on giant panda conservation, as well the management of other animal species.
Trend following deep Q‐Learning strategy for stock trading
Authors: Chakole Jagdish , Kurhekar Manish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComputers and algorithms are widely used to help in stock market decision making. A few questions with regards to the profitability of algorithms for stock trading are can computers be trained to beat the markets? Can an algorithm take decisions for optimal profits? And so forth. In this research work, our objective is to answer some of these questions. We propose an algorithm using deep Q‐Reinforcement Learning techniques to make trading decisions. Trading in stock markets involves potential risk because the price is affected by various uncertain events ranging from political influences to economic constraints. Models that trade using predictions may not always be profitable mainly due to the influence of various unknown factors in predicting the future stock price. Trend Following is a trading idea in which, trading decisions, like buying and selling, are taken purely according to the observed market trend. A stock trend can be up, down, or sideways. Trend Following does not predict the stock price but follows the reversals in the trend direction. A trend reversal can be used to trigger a buy or a sell of a certain stock. In this research paper, we describe a deep Q‐Reinforcement Learning agent able to learn the Trend Following trading by getting rewarded for its trading decisions. Our results are based on experiments performed on the actual stock market data of the American and the Indian stock markets. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms forecasting‐based methods in terms of profitability. We also limit risk by confirming trading actions with the trend before actual trading.