bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental education, health literacy and children’s adult body height
Authors: Jarosz Ewa , Gugushvili Alexi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman anthropometric traits, while significantly determined by genetic factors, are also affected by an individual’s early life environment. An adult’s body height is a valid indicator of their living conditions in childhood. Parental education has been shown to be one of the key covariates of individuals’ health and height, both in childhood and adulthood. Parental functional literacy has been demonstrated to be another important determinant of child health, but this has largely been overlooked in studies on height. The objective of this study was to analyse the associations between parents’ education, their functional literacy and their children’s adult body height. The study used data for 39,240 individuals from the 2016 wave of the nationally representative Life in Transition Survey (LITS) conducted in 34 countries in Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Using linear and Poisson models, regression adjustment treatment estimators and multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions, the study analysed the links between mother’s and father’s educational attainment, parental functional literacy, measured by the number of books in the childhood home, and children’s adult height. The models also included other individual and contextual covariates of height. The results demonstrated that mother’s educational attainment and parental functional literacy have independent associations with children’s adult body height. Sufficient literacy skills of the parent may have a positive effect on children’s growth even if parental education is low. These associations remained significant across time. The study also provides evidence of a widening of the height gap for men born in the period just before and after systemic transition in post-socialist societies, which may suggest an increase in social differences in early living standards.
The impact of sodium chloride reduction on Grana-type cheese production and quality
Authors: Tidona Flavio , Bernardi Marco , Francolino Salvatore , Ghiglietti Roberta , Hogenboom Johannes A. , Locci Francesco , Zambrini Vittorio , Carminati Domenico , Giraffa Giorgio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the aim to reduce the Na content, hard cheeses manufactured using the same technology as for Grana cheese (Grana-type) were salted using three brines containing different amounts of KCl (K-brines) and compared with control cheeses, salted with marine NaCl. A lower weight loss was observed in cheeses salted with K-brines (K-cheeses), whereas the yield and dry matter did not differ significantly between K-cheeses and controls. After 3 months of ripening (T3), the distribution of the Na cations (Na) was centripetal, with a higher Na concentration in the outer (0–3 cm of depth) layer, whereas the K cations (K) seemed to diffuse into the cheese more rapidly and homogeneously. Starting from the 6th month (T6), the distribution of both Na and K was stabilized through the different cheese layers. The use of the brine with the highest concentration of potassium (53.8% K) enabled us to successfully halve the Na content compared to the controls whereas, with the other brines, the reduction of Na was below 30%. At the end of ripening (T9), all the cheeses were without defects and the partial substitution of Na with K did not impact on the chemical composition, microbiological characteristics and ripening process. The sensory evaluation did not show any difference between K-salted and control cheeses in discriminant analysis.
Constituting the Trinity
Authors: HASKER WILLIAM 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently several authors have developed accounts of the Trinity employing the metaphysical notion of constitution. I expound one such proposal and defend it against objections from Keith Yandell and Brian Leftow. In the process, I propose an improved definition of the constitution relation as applied to the Trinity. I then compare the resulting trinitarian metaphysics with Leftow's own view.
Arterial switch procedure and hybrid muscular ventricular septal defect closure in a patient with d-transposition of the great arteries and multiple ventricular septal defects: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gibb Jack J. C. , Caputo Massimo , Taliotis Demetris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHybrid cardiac surgery involves simultaneous catheter based and surgical treatment of heart diseases. We report a complete repair of dextro-transposition of the great arteries and perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects in a 5-month-old girl. This included an arterial switch operation followed by an off-bypass, echocardiographically guided per-ventricular muscular ventricular septal defect closure.
Sensory Receptors Associated with the Labial Tip and Precibarium ofPhilaenus spumariusL. (Hemiptera: Aphrophoride)
Authors: Ranieri Emanuele , Ruschioni Sara , Riolo Paola , Isidoro Nunzio , Romani Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe meadow spittlebug,Philaenus spumarius(Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), is an important vector for the xylem-limited bacteriumXylella fastidiosa(Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisburg, Mandelco-Paul, and Brenner), which is associated with olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. The mouthparts of Hemiptera have important roles in host plant selection, feeding behavior and for vectoring pathogens that cause plant diseases. In this study, the functional morphology of the sensory structures located on the labium tip and precibarium ofP.spumariuswas investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The labium tip is composed of two symmetrical sensory complexes, each with five different types of sensilla: aporous sensilla trichodea type 1 and 2; uniporous sensilla chaetica type 1 and 2; and multiporous sensilla basiconica. The precibarium ofP.spumariushas two kinds of sensory structures: bulbous sensilla and papillae sensilla. In particular, two groups of sensilla are located on the epipharynx: a distal group that consists of ten papillae sensilla and a proximal group composed of six papillae sensilla and two bulbous sensilla, while the hypopharynx has only two papillae sensilla. The involvement of these sensory structures in the context of feeding behavior and pathogen transmission is discussed.
Predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in palliative care patients
Authors: Seiler Annina , Schubert Maria , Hertler Caroline , Schettle Markus , Blum David , Guckenberger Matthias , Weller Michael , Ernst Jutta , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDelirium is a common complication in palliative care patients, especially in the terminal phase of the illness. To date, evidence regarding risk factors and prognostic outcomes of delirium in this vulnerable population remains sparse.MethodIn this prospective observational cohort study at a tertiary care center, 410 palliative care patients were included. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify associations between predisposing and precipitating factors and delirium in palliative care patients.ResultsThe prevalence of delirium in this palliative care cohort was 55.9% and reached 93% in the terminally ill. Delirium was associated with prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001), increased care requirements (p < 0.001) and health care costs (p < 0.001), requirement for institutionalization (OR 0.11; CI 0.069–0.171; p < 0.001), and increased mortality (OR 18.29; CI 8.918–37.530; p < 0.001). Predisposing factors for delirium were male gender (OR 2.19; CI 1.251–3.841; p < 0.01), frailty (OR 15.28; CI 5.885–39.665; p < 0.001), hearing (OR 3.52; CI 1.721–7.210; p < 0.001), visual impairment (OR 3.15; CI 1.765–5.607; p < 0.001), and neoplastic brain disease (OR 3.63; CI 1.033–12.771; p < 0.05). Precipitating factors for delirium were acute renal failure (OR 6.79; CI 1.062–43.405; p < 0.05) and pressure sores (OR 3.66; CI 1.102–12.149; p < 0.05).Significance of resultsOur study identified several predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in palliative care patients, some of which can be targeted early and modified to reduce symptom burden.
The Self-Report Symptom Inventory as an Instrument for Detecting	Symptom Over-Reporting
Authors: Boskovic Irena , Merckelbach Harald , Merten Thomas , Hope Lorraine , Jelicic Marko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The recently developed Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) intends to provide an alternative approach to the detection of symptom over-reporting. Unlike other measures, the SRSI includes both non-existent symptoms (i.e., pseudosymptoms) and genuine symptoms. Previous research using the German SRSI showed that people who exaggerate their complaints over-endorse both types of symptoms. In the current simulation experiment, we tested whether the Dutch and English SRSI are effective in identifying over-reporting by comparing SRSI scores of an honest group ( n = 51) with those of two experimental simulator groups (pain, n = 54; anxiety, n = 53). The pain and anxiety simulators endorsed significantly more genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms than honest participants (ηp2 = .50 and ηp2 = .30, respectively). Furthermore, pain and anxiety over-reporters specifically over-endorsed symptoms corresponding to their simulation instructions (Cohen’s ds > 0.77). Using the recommended cut-off score, the SRSI detected 48% of pain over-reporters and 73% of anxiety over-reporters, with areas under the curve (AUC) ranging from .88 to .91. These results indicate that the SRSI is a promising tool for identifying over-reporting, but further research with clinical samples is needed.
High‐Pressure Fluid‐Rock Interaction and Mass Transfer During Exhumation of Deeply Subducted Rocks: Insights From an Eclogite‐Vein System in the Ultrahigh‐Pressure Terrane of the Dabie Shan, China
Authors: Liu Penglei , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Harlov Daniel E. , Jin Zhenmin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA petrological study was performed on an eclogite‐vein system from the Dabie ultrahigh‐pressure terrane by focusing on high‐pressure (HP) fluid‐rock interaction and mass transfer during exhumation. The veins comprise mainly garnet and quartz and resulted from a HP leaching process along fractures in the eclogite during exhumation. Relict peak garnet, phengite, and apatite in this rock system were altered by HP fluids forming characteristic compositional zonings. Zoned garnet in the eclogite records an isothermal exhumation from 3.3 GPa and 665–680 °C. Partial dissolution of garnet and a back incorporation of Mn‐heavy rare earth element (REE)‐Y increased the content of these elements in the altered garnet zone in the veins. Altered phengite is characterized by a Ba‐rich rim. Fluid‐aided alteration reduced the light REE (LREE) contents and produced oriented monazite, calcite, and pyrrhotite inclusions within apatite, reflecting mobilization and redistribution of LREEs, CO32−, Fe, and S between these minerals. The active HP fluid is proposed to have been a Si‐Al‐Na‐Ba‐rich aqueous fluid, as indicated by sodic plagioclase rims around various eclogitic minerals and by the altered phengite composition. Mass balance calculations reveal that LREEs, middle REEs, and Zr‐Hf‐Th‐U were added to and Li, large ion lithophile elements, and Ti‐Nb were removed from the quartz‐garnet veins, requiring a high fluid flux. These findings shed new light on the nature and behavior of HP fluids and highlight their key role in resetting mineral chemistry and mass transfer in subduction zone metamorphic environments.
Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field
Authors: Giudicepietro F. , Chiodini G. , Caliro S. , De Cesare W. , Esposito A. M. , Galluzzo D. , Lo Bascio D. , Macedonio G. , Orazi M. , Ricciolino P. , Vandemeulebrouck J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWithin a general volcanic unrest in the densely urbanized area of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) an increase in the activity of Pisciarelli hydrothermal area is occurring. The seismic amplitude of Pisciarelli fumarolic tremor is a proxy for the fluid emission rate of the entire Solfatara‐Pisciarelli hydrothermal system. The long‐term analysis indicates a significant increase, by a factor of ~3 of the fumarolic tremor amplitude since May 2017. This increment matches with the trend of geochemical and seismic parameters observed in Campi Flegrei, therefore highlighting that Pisciarelli is a key site to monitor the volcanic unrest underway in this high‐risk caldera. The analysis of data from three closely spaced seismic stations provided new clues about the source mechanism of the tremor. Analyzing the fumarolic tremor amplitude we could also identify an episode of enlargement of the emission area close to the main fumarole of Pisciarelli. We propose a monitoring system based on the fumarolic tremor analysis, which provides real‐time information on the Pisciarelli hydrothermal activity and therefore on the current unrest in Campi Flegrei caldera.
Scaling and Variability of Interacting Repeating Earthquake Sequences Controlled by Asperity Density
Authors: Dublanchet P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe period Tr of repeating earthquakes scales as
being the creep rate of the fault and M0 the seismic moment of the events. Models consisting of a single asperity embedded in a creeping fault capture this scaling but fail to explain the variability in recurrence time observed during natural sequences. Here I show by a statistical analysis of repeating earthquakes generated in a rate‐and‐state fault model, that the observed scaling and variability in Tr are reproduced if a population of asperities is considered. For that, the density of asperities needs to be smaller than a critical threshold allowing system‐size ruptures. Creep mediated stress transfers control the variability in Tr in this regime, which increases with asperity density. Beyond that density, the seismicity is highly clustered leading to moment‐independent recurrence. The dynamics of repeating earthquakes could therefore be an indicator of the amount of seismogenic asperities on creeping faults.
Cloud Ice Processes Enhance Spatial Scales of Organization in Arctic Stratocumulus
Authors: Eirund Gesa K. , Lohmann Ulrike , Possner Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStratocumulus clouds around the globe tend to organize into cellular patterns, a phenomenon that has been primarily studied for the subtropical trade wind region. However, stratocumulus are also prevalent in high latitudes, where they often occur as mixed‐phase clouds. Yet little research has been conducted regarding mechanisms of cloud organization in the mixed‐phase regime. In cloud‐resolving model simulations we investigate the processes driving organization in open‐cell mixed‐phase stratocumuli. Similar to warm‐phase clouds, mixed‐phase clouds develop a subcloud circulation of evaporated/sublimated precipitation, cold pool formation, and consecutive updrafts driving new convective cells. For a larger ice to liquid water ratio, we find locally stronger precipitation and larger cloud cells. Hence, a higher concentration of ice nucleating particles can induce a breakup of the stratocumulus organization, with implications for the radiative balance at the surface. A decrease in cloud condensation nuclei concentration is also found to intensify precipitation and impact cloud organization.
Hydraulic Fracture Injection Strategy Influences the Probability of Earthquakes in the Eagle Ford Shale Play of South Texas
Authors: Fasola Shannon L. , Brudzinski Michael R. , Skoumal Robert J. , Langenkamp Teresa , Currie Brian S. , Smart Kevin J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeismicity in the Eagle Ford play grew to 33 times the background rate in 2018. We identified how hydraulic fracturing (HF) contributed to seismicity since 2014 by comparing times and locations of HF with a catalog of seismicity extended with template matching. We found 94 ML ≥ 2.0 earthquakes spatiotemporally correlated to 211 HF well laterals. Injected volume and number of laterals on a pad influence the probability of seismicity, but effective injection rate has the strongest effect. Simultaneous stimulation of multiple laterals tripled the probability of seismicity relative to a single, isolated lateral. The 1 May 2018 MW 4.0 earthquake may have been the largest HF‐induced earthquake in the United States. It occurred ~10 km from a MW 4.8 earthquake in 2011 and was thought to be induced by fluid extraction. Thus, faults in this area are capable of producing felt and potentially damaging earthquakes due to operational activities.
Hydrologic Change in New Zealand During the Last Deglaciation Linked to Reorganization of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds
Authors: Hinojosa Jessica L. , Moy Christopher M. , Vandergoes Marcus , Feakins Sarah J. , Sessions Alex L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMillennial‐scale climate anomalies punctuating the last deglaciation were expressed differently in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. While changes in oceanic meridional overturning circulation have been invoked to explain these disparities, the nearly synchronous onset of such events requires atmospheric mediation. Yet the extent and structure of atmospheric reorganization on millennial timescales remains unclear. In particular, the role of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and associated storm tracks is poorly constrained, largely due to the paucity of accessible archives of wind behavior. Here we present a new paleohydrologic record from a Lake Hayes, New Zealand (45°S), sediment core from ~17–9 ka. Using two independent proxies for lake hydrology (Ca/Ti in sediments and δD values of aquatic plant biomarkers), we find evidence for a wetter Antarctic Cold Reversal (14.7–13.0 ka) and a drying trend during the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.6 ka) and early Holocene (11.7 ka onward in this record). Comparisons of the Lake Hayes record with other Southern Hemisphere sites indicate coherent atmospheric shifts during the Antarctic Cold Reversal and Younger Dryas, whereby the former is wetter/cooler and the latter is drier/warmer. The wet/cool phase is associated with a northward shift and/or strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, whereas the drier/warmer phase indicates weaker midlatitude winds. These climatic trends are opposite to the Northern Hemisphere. There is a decoupling of climatic trends between Southern Hemisphere low‐latitude and midlatitude climates in the early Holocene, which could be explained by several mechanisms, such as the retreat of Antarctic sea ice.
Circular RNA cESRP1 sensitises small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapy by sponging miR-93-5p to inhibit TGF-β signalling
Authors: Huang Weimei , Yang Yunchu , Wu Jingfang , Niu Yuchun , Yao Yao , Zhang Jian , Huang Xiaoxian , Liang Shumei , Chen Rui , Chen Size , Guo Linlang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel RNA molecules that play important roles in chemoresistance in different cancers, including breast and gastric cancers. However, whether circRNAs are involved in the response to chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that cESRP1 (circular RNA epithelial splicing regulatory protein-1) expression was significantly downregulated in the chemoresistant cells compared with the parental chemosensitive cells. cESRP1 enhanced drug sensitivity by repressing miR-93-5p in SCLC. Cytoplasmic cESRP1 could directly bind to miR-93-5p and inhibit the posttranscriptional repression mediated by miR-93-5p, thereby upregulating the expression of the miR-93-5p downstream targets Smad7/p21(CDKN1A) and forming a negative feedback loop to regulate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, cESRP1 overexpression and TGF-β pathway inhibition both altered tumour responsiveness to chemotherapy in an acquired chemoresistant patient-derived xenograft model. Importantly, cESRP1 expression was downregulated in SCLC patient tissues and was associated with survival. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that cESRP1 plays crucial a role in SCLC chemosensitivity by sponging miR-93-5p to inhibit the TGF-β pathway, suggesting that cESRP1 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in SCLC patients.
Mitochondrial damage by α-synuclein causes cell death in human dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Ganjam Goutham K. , Bolte Kathrin , Matschke Lina A. , Neitemeier Sandra , Dolga Amalia M. , Höllerhage Matthias , Höglinger Günter U. , Adamczyk Agata , Decher Niels , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Culmsee Carsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvolving concepts on Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology suggest that α-synuclein (aSYN) promote dopaminergic neuron dysfunction and death through accumulating in the mitochondria. However, the consequence of mitochondrial aSYN localisation on mitochondrial structure and bioenergetic functions in neuronal cells are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated deleterious effects of mitochondria-targeted aSYN in differentiated human dopaminergic neurons in comparison with wild-type (WT) aSYN overexpression and corresponding EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein)-expressing controls. Mitochondria-targeted aSYN enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, reduced ATP levels and showed severely disrupted structure and function of the dendritic neural network, preceding neuronal death. Transmission electron microscopy illustrated distorted cristae and many fragmented mitochondria in response to WT-aSYN overexpression, and a complete loss of cristae structure and massively swollen mitochondria in neurons expressing mitochondria-targeted aSYN. Further, the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetics in differentiated dopaminergic neurons, expressing WT or mitochondria-targeted aSYN, elicited a pronounced impairment of mitochondrial respiration. In a pharmacological compound screening, we found that the pan-caspase inhibitors QVD and zVAD-FMK, and a specific caspase-1 inhibitor significantly prevented aSYN-induced cell death. In addition, the caspase inhibitor QVD preserved mitochondrial function and neuronal network activity in the human dopaminergic neurons overexpressing aSYN. Overall, our findings indicated therapeutic effects by caspase-1 inhibition despite aSYN-mediated alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function.
A neural network for information seeking
Authors: White J. Kael , Bromberg-Martin Ethan S. , Heilbronner Sarah R. , Zhang Kaining , Pai Julia , Haber Suzanne N. , Monosov Ilya E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHumans and other animals often show a strong desire to know the uncertain rewards their future has in store, even when they cannot use this information to influence the outcome. However, it is unknown how the brain predicts opportunities to gain information and motivates this information-seeking behavior. Here we show that neurons in a network of interconnected subregions of primate anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia predict the moment of gaining information about uncertain rewards. Spontaneous increases in their information prediction signals are followed by gaze shifts toward objects associated with resolving uncertainty, and pharmacologically disrupting this network reduces the motivation to seek information. These findings demonstrate a cortico-basal ganglia mechanism responsible for motivating actions to resolve uncertainty by seeking knowledge about the future.