bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functions of Presynaptic Voltage-gated Calcium Channels
Authors: Dolphin Annette C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the principal conduits for depolarization-mediated Ca2+ entry into excitable cells. In this review, the biophysical properties of the relevant members of this family of channels, those that are present in presynaptic terminals, will be discussed in relation to their function in mediating neurotransmitter release. Voltage-gated calcium channels have properties that ensure they are specialized for particular roles, for example, differences in their activation voltage threshold, their various kinetic properties, and their voltage-dependence of inactivation. All these attributes play into the ability of the various voltage-gated calcium channels to participate in different patterns of presynaptic vesicular release. These include synaptic transmission resulting from single action potentials, and longer-term changes mediated by bursts or trains of action potentials, as well as release resulting from graded changes in membrane potential in specialized sensory synapses.
“Goodness and Kindness”: Long-Distance Caregiving Through Volunteers During the COVID-19 Lockdown in India
Authors: Roy Senjooti , Ayalon Liat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe first Covid-19 lockdown in India was announced on March 24, 2020, with less than 4 hours’ notice, leaving older adults without access to domestic help and paid caregivers. As traditional caregiving models ceased to function in the new setup, relatives of older adults turned to strangers and volunteers in an effort to provide urgent care to their older family members. This study explores the role of volunteers in meeting the immediate needs of older adults during the lockdown.MethodsA pan-India group of volunteers was formed during the lockdown on a popular social media website to connect people of all ages in need of help with those able to offer assistance. A sample of 242 messages pertaining to older adults was extracted for quantitative content analysis.ResultsAll but 2 requests were placed by adult relatives of older adults. Requests covered a number of needs, some of which were directly tied to the pandemic and lockdown, while others were general in nature but were greatly exacerbated by recent events.DiscussionThe use of social media to encourage acts of kindness at a time of crisis was an innovative attempt to meet the immediate needs of older adults. The lockdown, however, exposed the lack of dedicated supports and services for older adults in India.
Deeply Discrediting: A Systematic Review Examining the Conceptualizations and Consequences of the Stigma of Working in Aged Care
Authors: Manchha Asmita V , Walker Nicole , Way Kïrsten A , Dawson Danielle , Tann Ken , Thai Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe stigma of working in aged care can discredit and devalue those working in gerontology. This overlooked workforce issue may underpin complex staffing challenges like chronic worker shortages and inadequate care delivery. Our review synthesizes the existing literature and introduces a conceptual framework based on linguistics to reconcile disparate conceptualizations and negative consequences of this stigma.Research Design and MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and assessed peer-reviewed articles published from 1973 to 2019 across 5 databases. Fifty-nine articles were selected based on criteria grounded in stigma theory.ResultsOnly 10 articles explicitly used the term “stigma” when conceptualizing the stigma of working in aged care. An additional 49 articles conceptualized this stigma in terms of stigma processes (e.g., status loss). Findings from a deeper examination using a linguistic analysis revealed societal groups predominantly conceptualized stigma in 3 distinct ways based on (a) unfavorable character judgment of aged care workers, (b) lower value placed on aged care work, and (c) negative emotional reactions towards working in aged care. Last, stigma was associated with adverse psychological and job-related consequences.Discussion and ImplicationsReconceptualizing this workforce issue and recognizing it as a societal challenge will enable policymakers to design evidence-based interventions at industry and societal levels. We propose workforce challenges in the aged care sector such as attraction, retention, and well-being may lessen with interventions aimed at mitigating the stigma of working in aged care.
Machine-learning model to predict the cause of death using a stacking ensemble method for observational data
Authors: Kim Chungsoo , You Seng Chan , Reps Jenna M. , Cheong Jae Youn , Park Rae Woong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cause of death is used as an important outcome of clinical research; however, access to cause-of-death data is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning model that predicts the cause of death from the patient’s last medical checkup.

Materials and Methods
To classify the mortality status and each individual cause of death, we used a stacking ensemble method. The prediction outcomes were all-cause mortality, 8 leading causes of death in South Korea, and other causes. The clinical data of study populations were extracted from the national claims (n = 174 747) and electronic health records (n = 729 065) and were used for model development and external validation. Moreover, we imputed the cause of death from the data of 3 US claims databases (n = 994 518, 995 372, and 407 604, respectively). All databases were formatted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model.

Results
The generalized area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the model predicting the cause of death within 60 days was 0.9511. Moreover, the AUROC of the external validation was 0.8887. Among the causes of death imputed in the Medicare Supplemental database, 11.32% of deaths were due to malignant neoplastic disease.

Discussion
This study showed the potential of machine-learning models as a new alternative to address the lack of access to cause-of-death data. All processes were disclosed to maintain transparency, and the model was easily applicable to other institutions.

Conclusion
A machine-learning model with competent performance was developed to predict cause of death.
Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya
Authors: Hunter Mary A , Sylvester Kimutai , White Russell E , Harrington David T , Vivier Patrick M , Parker Robert K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Burn injury represents a substantial burden of disease in resource-limited settings. Kenya has no formal trauma system and referral practices for burn injuries are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with burn injury referrals in rural Kenya. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with burn injury from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 at a 300-bed faith-based, teaching hospital in southwest Kenya. Bivariate analysis compared referred and non-referred patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between burn severity and odds of referral adjusting for age, sex, insurance, time from injury to arrival, and estimated travel time from home to hospital. The study included 171 patients with burn injury; 11 patients were excluded due to missing referral data. Of the 160 patients, 31.9% (n = 51) were referred. Referral patients had higher average total body surface area burn (23.1 ± 2.4% vs 11.1 ± 1.2%, P &lt; .001), were more likely to have full-thickness burns (41.3% vs 25.5%, P = .05), and less likely to present to the referral hospital within 24 hours after injury (47.8% vs 73.0%, P = .005). Referral patients had longer travel time to hospital (90+ min: 52.9% vs 22.0%, P &lt; .001). Odds of referral increased 1.62 times (95% confidence interval: 1.19–2.22) for every 10% increase in total body surface area burn. Without a coordinated trauma system, referrals represent a substantial portion of burn injury patients at a hospital in rural Kenya. Referred patients present with more severe burns and experience delays to presentation.
Raising Boys for the Navy: Health, Welfare, and the British Sea Services, 1870-1905
Authors: Juzda Smith Elise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Efforts to improve the quality and quantity of seafarers in the Royal Navy and merchant service became a particular concern amidst the degeneration debates of late-Victorian Britain. Maritime reformers not only promoted fitness in adult sailors, but also particularly sought to improve health and physique of boy recruits in order to rear a new generation of healthy sailors. This article shows how both services experimented with tighter admission criteria and dietary and exercise reforms, and became early advocates of using metrical standards to exclude all but the fittest, healthiest boys from training opportunities. While the physical monitoring of boy recruits undoubtedly showed the value of early lifestyle interventions in fostering healthy development, the rising physical standards of British seafarers in this period was just as much the result of restrictive medical examinations as a commitment to welfare initiatives.
Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for COVID-19: Promises and Pitfalls
Authors: Venkatesulu Bhanu P , Lester Scott , Hsieh Cheng-En , Verma Vivek , Sharon Elad , Ahmed Mansoor , Krishnan Sunil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has exacted an enormous toll on healthcare systems worldwide. The cytokine storm that follows pulmonary infection is causally linked to respiratory compromise and mortality in the majority of patients. The sparsity of viable treatment options for this viral infection and the sequelae of pulmonary complications have fueled the quest for new therapeutic considerations. One such option, the long-forgotten idea of using low-dose radiation therapy, has recently found renewed interest in many academic centers. We outline the scientific and logistical rationale for consideration of this option and the mechanistic underpinnings of any potential therapeutic value, particularly as viewed from an immunological perspective. We also discuss the preliminary and/or published results of prospective trials examining low-dose radiation therapy for COVID-19.
Topical Review: Examining Multidomain Pain Resilience in Late Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Palit Shreela , Palermo Tonya M , Fillingim Roger B , Bartley Emily J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Upwards of 14% of late adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience chronic pain; however, limited research has focused on factors specifically influencing late AYAs as they transition to adulthood. In this topical review, we propose a conceptual model of multidomain pain resilience (MDPR) in late AYAs with chronic pain that extends existing pain resilience literature, including the Ecological Resilience-Risk Model for Pediatric Chronic Pain.

Method
A conceptual framework for MDPR in late AYAs was developed from the existing literature on resilience in young people with chronic pain. Gaps in knowledge specific to late AYAs are identified, and relevant research examining MDPR in adults with pain are summarized to inform applications of this concept to youth as they transition to adulthood.

Results
Few studies have explored resilience factors in pediatric pain. Of note, these endeavors have largely neglected late adolescence and young adulthood, despite unique considerations germane to this crucial developmental period. Existing research has also focused exclusively on assessing resilience as a unitary, rather than a multidimensional construct. Although limited, MDPR has been examined in midlife and older adults with chronic pain, highlighting the need to expand prior models of pain resilience and extend these principles to emerging adulthood.

Conclusions
Understanding MDPR in late AYAs with chronic pain may provide insights regarding measurable and modifiable resilience factors (e.g., adaptive and personal resources) that promote healthy pain-related outcomes (e.g., reduced pain and enhanced physical functioning) and optimize prevention and/or treatment strategies for this group.
Designing Versailles: landscapes and the perspectival peace
Authors: O’Donnell Thérèse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the 1919 peace treaty’s signing at Versailles, and what the magnificent staging signalled about the peace terms, notably regarding power and emerging notions of self-determination. In 1919, international society appeared to be on the threshold of a new era. However, a dissonance emerged between the peacemakers’ proclamations and the operationalisation of new principles of openness and emancipation. Certain royal houses and empires may have vanished but the remaining power-holders were not about to relinquish their dominance. While the familiar, blunt-edged tools of brazen colonialism were no longer available, some finer instruments and skilled professional expertise would finesse the details of an unequal hegemonic future. In all senses, this was a design project and in acknowledgement of Versailles’s backdrop and the peacemakers’ cartographic approach, landscape architecture’s specialist principles offer a lens for comprehending and critiquing the legal-political practices of Versailles 1919.
“What Race Problem?”: The Satirical Gaze of (White) History in The Underground Railroad
Authors: Heneks Grace 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay brings critical discourse on whiteness into conversation with African American satire to demonstrate how Colson Whitehead's The Underground Railroad (2016) engages in both traditional and postmodern forms of satire to trouble our assumptions about the function of historical fiction in a post-truth era. Whitehead satirizes various moments in American history to show how white power is maintained through a dialectic of fear. Whitehead's novel claims control over the white gaze by asserting a satirical black gaze, rendering established (white) history the subject of scrutiny. Through an engagement with W. E. B. Du Bois's “The Souls of White Folk” (1920) and bell hooks's “The Oppositional Gaze” (1992), I demonstrate how Whitehead utilizes satire to subvert this white gaze of history. When, in our contemporary post-truth moment, facts are ignored or repudiated—when reality looks disturbingly similar to “fake news”—and when the US president is a former reality television star with a nostalgic desire to “make America great again,” satire emerges as a way to throw the ridiculous into sharp, biting relief. The Underground Railroad exposes how an underlying (white) fear of black liberty and power contributes to the violence committed against black people throughout history, thereby demanding we take an oppositional look at American history in the ongoing project of emancipation.
EVLncRNAs 2.0: an updated database of manually curated functional long non-coding RNAs validated by low-throughput experiments
Authors: Zhou Bailing , Ji Baohua , Liu Kui , Hu Guodong , Wang Fei , Chen Qingshuai , Yu Ru , Huang Pingping , Ren Jing , Guo Chengang , Zhao Huiying , Zhang Hongmei , Zhao Dongbo , Li Zhiwei , Zeng Qiangcheng , Yu Jiafeng , Bian Yunqiang , Cao Zanxia , Xu Shicai , Yang Yuedong , Zhou Yaoqi , Wang Jihua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important functional roles in many diverse biological processes. However, not all expressed lncRNAs are functional. Thus, it is necessary to manually collect all experimentally validated functional lncRNAs (EVlncRNA) with their sequences, structures, and functions annotated in a central database. The first release of such a database (EVLncRNAs) was made using the literature prior to 1 May 2016. Since then (till 15 May 2020), 19 245 articles related to lncRNAs have been published. In EVLncRNAs 2.0, these articles were manually examined for a major expansion of the data collected. Specifically, the number of annotated EVlncRNAs, associated diseases, lncRNA-disease associations, and interaction records were increased by 260%, 320%, 484% and 537%, respectively. Moreover, the database has added several new categories: 8 lncRNA structures, 33 exosomal lncRNAs, 188 circular RNAs, and 1079 drug-resistant, chemoresistant, and stress-resistant lncRNAs. All records have checked against known retraction and fake articles. This release also comes with a highly interactive visual interaction network that facilitates users to track the underlying relations among lncRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, genes and other functional elements. Furthermore, it provides links to four new bioinformatics tools with improved data browsing and searching functionality. EVLncRNAs 2.0 is freely available at https://www.sdklab-biophysics-dzu.net/EVLncRNAs2/.
Aging Patient Population With Ruptured Aneurysms: Trend Over 28 Years
Authors: Feghali James , Gami Abhishek , Rapaport Sarah , Bender Matthew T , Jackson Christopher M , Caplan Justin M , McDougall Cameron G , Huang Judy , Tamargo Rafael J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Given increasing life expectancy in the United States and worldwide, the proportion of elderly patients affected by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) would be expected to increase.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether an aging trend exists in the population of aSAH patients presenting to our institution over a 28-yr period.

METHODS
A prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients presenting to our institution with subarachnoid hemorrhage between January 1991 and December 2018 was utilized. The 28-yr period was categorized into 4 successive 7-yr quarter intervals. The age of patients was compared among these intervals, and yearly trends were derived using linear regression.

RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 1671 ruptured aneurysm patients with a mean age of 52.8 yr (standard deviation = 15.0 yr). Over the progressive 7-yr time intervals during the 28-yr period, there was an approximately 4-fold increase in the proportion of patients aged 80 yr or above (P < .001) and an increase in mean patient age from 51.2 to 54.6 yr (P = .002). Independent of this trend but along the same lines, there was a 29% decrease in the proportion of younger patients (<50 yr) from 49% to 35%. On linear regression, there was 1-yr increase in mean patient age per 5 calendar years (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Analyses of aSAH patients demonstrate an increase in patient age over time with a considerable rise in the proportion of octogenarian patients and a decrease in patients younger than 50 yr. This aging phenomenon presents a challenge to the continued improvement in outcomes of aSAH patients.
Hepatitis C Seroprevalence Among Consecutive Labor and Delivery Admissions in Two New York City Hospitals
Authors: Kushner Tatyana , Park Claire , Masand Dana , Wagner Brian , Grace Marie , Rosenbluth Emma , Rodriguez-Rivas Clara , de la Cruz Hernis , Overbey Jessica , Sperling Rhoda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among women of childbearing age have increased as a result of the opioid epidemic, especially in the nonurban white population. Recently updated US Preventative Services Task Force and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance have recommended universal HCV screening during pregnancy, but obstetrics societies have not yet endorsed this recommendation. We evaluated the seroprevalence of HCV among pregnant women in an inner-city population, compared rates with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) screened for during pregnancy, and evaluated factors associated with HCV positivity.

Methods
We performed a prospective seroprevalence study of consecutive labor and delivery admissions (both antepartum complications and delivery admissions) by testing serum samples for HCV antibody over 9 months at 2 major hospital settings in New York City.

Results
Fifty-six of 7373 (0.75%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.98) patients screened positive for HCV, with 28 of 4013 (0.70%; 95% CI, 0.46%–1.01%) and 28 of 3413 (0.82%; 95% CI, 0.55%–1.18%) at each hospital. Forty-one percent of HCV-positive patients had any reported HCV risk factors. Hepatitis C virus-positive patients were less likely to have private insurance and more likely to have a history of cannabis, cocaine, and injection drug use (P &lt; .001). The HCV rates were higher among antepartum admissions compared with delivery admissions and higher than that of hepatitis B virus (0.65%; 95% CI, 0.48–0.86), human immunodeficiency virus (0.27%; 95% CI, 0.16–0.42), and syphilis (0.16%; 95% CI, 0.08–0.28).

Conclusions
We found a higher than expected HCV seroprevalence among pregnant women and higher than most other STIs routinely screened for in pregnancy. Most patients had no risk factors. These findings support universal screening for hepatitis C during pregnancy.
Rapid identification of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica from a brain abscess patient using MALDI-TOF-MS
Authors: AlMogbel Mohammed , AlBolbol Mohammed , Elkhizzi Noura , AlAjlan Hisham , Hays John Philip , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (N. cyriacigeorgica) is most frequently associated with human infections, including chronic bronchitis, pulmonary disease and brain abscesses. In general, N. cyriacigeorgica causes infections in immunocompromised individuals and has been reported in clinical samples worldwide. However, the isolation and speciation of N. cyriacigeorgica in the routine diagnostic microbiology laboratory are complicated and time consuming. Recent mass spectrometry techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) have been successfully integrated into many routine diagnostic microbiology laboratories, allowing for the rapid, accurate and simple identification and speciation of many different microorganisms, including difficult-to-identify bacterial species. Here, we present a case report of a 65-year-old female patient from the neurology ward of Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who was infected with N. cyriacigeorgica. The bacterium was successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, with species identification subsequently confirmed by sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA.
Lupus myocarditis in an octogenarian patient—a case report
Authors: Shemesh Elad , Abu Akel Mahmood , Feld Joy , Zisman Devy , Hijaze Nizar , Hamdan Ashraf , Zissman Keren 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lupus myocarditis is a relatively rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. The majority of patients who experience myocardial involvement are females of young age. Here, we report a case of an 87-year-old male who was hospitalized because of perimyocarditis 2 weeks after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Despite standard therapy his condition worsened, biomarkers and inflammation indices remained elevated, and pericardial effusion accumulated. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, along with thorough history taking and testing for relevant antibodies allowed to establish the unusual diagnosis of lupus myocaridits. We demonstrate that lupus myocarditis may occur even in elderly males, as supported by characteristic CMR features.