bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the indoor thermal environment influence the dominant sensation in a functional beverage attribute?
Authors: Sousa Lima Rafael , Cazelatto de Medeiros Alessandra , André Bolini Helena Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferent thermal environments can affect human productivity with repercussions on cognitive ability and physiological changes. However, the direct effect of room temperature on the sensations of food in the mouth during consumption is not yet well established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of indoor temperature on dominant sensations during intake of a beverage containing non‐nutritive sweeteners. The temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) technique was used to evaluate seven functional beverages with different non‐nutritive sweeteners. Sixty consumers participated in the test, attending 3 days of laboratory analysis with strictly controlled indoor temperatures (20, 24, and 26 °C). The indoor temperature affected the TDS curves of four functional beverages, with emphasis on the colder environment, which accentuated the sensation of bitter taste in the samples sweetened with stevia and neohesperidin. In the warmer environment, a TDS peak of fruit flavor was observed for the sucrose‐sweetened sample, while the neotame‐sweetened sample presented lower dominance rate for sweetness. The sensory performance of the samples sweetened with non‐nutritive sweeteners, determined by the dominance rate of attributes, can change over time in different indoor temperatures.Practical ApplicationCold and warm environments can affect the consumer's decision to buy beverages, but the effect of the indoor temperature on the taste sensation of beverages has not been elucidated. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether the indoor temperature can affect the dominance of sensations during the consumption of a low‐calorie beverage. The results showed that the cold environment prolonged the sensation of bitter taste in the beverages sweetened with natural sweeteners, which can help the nonalcoholic beverage industry to choose another type of sweetener, considering a new product sensory influence facto: room temperature.
Compensatory neuroadaptation to binge drinking: Human evidence for allostasis
Authors: Correas Angeles , Cuesta Pablo , Rosen Burke Q. , Maestu Fernando , Marinkovic Ksenija 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimal studies have established that acute alcohol increases neural inhibition and that frequent intoxication episodes elicit neuroadaptive changes in the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission balance. To compensate for the depressant effects of alcohol, neural hyperexcitability develops in alcohol use disorder and is manifested through withdrawal symptoms. It is unclear, however, whether neuroadaptive changes can be observed in young, emerging adults at lower levels of consumption in the absence of withdrawal symptoms. Here, we used an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography method to assess cortical excitability in two independent sets of experiments. We measured early visual activity (1) in social drinkers during alcohol intoxication versus placebo conditions and (2) in parallel cohorts of sober binge drinkers (BDs) and light drinkers (LDs). Acute alcohol intoxication attenuated early sensory activity in the visual cortex in social drinkers, confirming its inhibitory effects on neurotransmission. In contrast, sober BDs showedgreaterneural responsivity compared with a matched group of LDs. A positive correlation between alcohol consumption and neural activity in BDs is indicative of cortical hyperexcitability associated with hazardous drinking. Furthermore, neural responsivity was positively correlated with alcohol intake in social drinkers whose drinking did not reach binge levels. This study provides novel evidence of compensatory imbalance reflected in the downregulation of inhibitory and upregulation of excitatory signaling associated with binge drinking in young, emerging adults. By contrasting acute effects and a history of BD, these results support the mechanistic model of allostasis. Direct neural measures are sensitive to synaptic currents and could serve as biomarkers of neuroadaptation.
Liberal Violence and the Racial Borders of the European Union
Authors: Isakjee Arshad , Davies Thom , Obradović‐Wochnik Jelena , Augustová Karolína 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how racial violence underpins the European Union’s border regime. Drawing on two case studies, in northern France and the Balkans, we explore how border violence manifests in divergent ways: from the direct physical violence which is routine in Croatia, to more subtle forms of violence evident in the governance of migrants and refugees living informally in Calais, closer to Europe’s geopolitical centre. The use of violence against people on the move sits uncomfortably with the liberal, post‐racial self‐image of the European Union. Drawing upon the work of postcolonial scholars and theories of violence, we argue that the various violent technologies used by EU states against migrants embodies the inherent logics of liberal governance, whilst also reproducing liberalism’s tendency to overlook its racial limitations. By interrogating how and why border violence manifests we draw critical attention to the racialised ideologies within which it is predicated. This paper characterises the EU border regime as a form of “liberal violence” that seeks to elide both its violent nature and its racial underpinnings.
The Development of Clustering in Episodic Memory: A Cognitive‐Modeling Approach
Authors: Horn Sebastian S. , Bayen Ute J. , Michalkiewicz Martha 
Published: September 2020

Younger children’s free recall from episodic memory is typically less organized than recall by older children. To investigate if and how repeated learning opportunities help children use organizational strategies that improve recall, the authors analyzed category clustering across four study‐test cycles. Seven‐year‐olds, 10‐year‐olds, and young adults (N = 150) studied categorically related words for a free‐recall task. The cognitive processes underlying recall and clustering were measured with a multinomial model. The modeling revealed that developmental differences emerged particularly in the rate of learning to encode words as categorical clusters. The learning curves showed a common pattern across age groups, indicating developmental invariance. Memory for individual items also contributed to developmental differences and was the only factor driving 7‐year‐olds’ moderate improvements in recall.
“I am terrified of something happening to me” The lived experience of people with obesity during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Grannell Andrew , le Roux Carel W. , McGillicuddy Deirdre 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObesity is emerging as a risk factor for COVID‐19 disease severity. The impact of the pandemic and knowledge of obesity as a risk factor on the lived experience of people with obesity is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people living with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), currently engaged in multi‐modal treatment. The primary objectives were to examine the impact of the pandemic on their lived experience from a treatment and psychosocial standpoint and additionally explore their awareness of obesity as a risk factor for COVID‐19 disease severity. An in‐depth qualitative study was adopted employing semi‐structured interviews with open‐ended questions. Interpretive thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data and identify key themes taking a grounded approach. Themes that emerged from the perspective of impact on lived experience were (a) challenge sustaining treatment and (b) psychosocial impact. There was an even split regarding awareness and lack of awareness of obesity as risk factor which itself contributes towards a negative psychosocial impact in most patients. The COVID‐19 pandemic is posing a diverse challenge to people with obesity. This has implications for their on‐going treatment. From an ethical standpoint, there is a need to fully elucidate the link between obesity and COVID‐19, disseminate this information using people friendly language and imagery in a manner that does not exacerbate a harmful psychosocial response or lead to stigmatization.
Potential feminization of Red Sea turtle hatchlings as indicated by in situ sand temperature profiles
Authors: Tanabe Lyndsey K. , Ellis Joanne , Elsadek Islam , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change poses a serious threat to species that demonstrate temperature‐dependent sex determination, including marine turtles. Increased temperatures can result in highly female‐skewed sex ratios and decreased hatching success. The pivotal temperature that delineates hatchling sex ratios is commonly considered to be 29.2°C, but whether this threshold applies to turtles in the Red Sea region has not been tested in situ. For all species of marine turtles, there is a supposed thermal range of 25–33°C in which egg incubation is successful, with prolonged temperatures above 33°C resulting in morphological abnormalities and hatchling mortality. Sand temperature data were collected from May–September 2018 from the average nesting depth of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at five study sites. We calculated the expected sex ratio based on a maximum likelihood model. The sand temperature profile at four of the sites exceeded the pivotal temperature (29.2°C) throughout the study duration, which suggests feminization of turtles could be occurring; however, the pivotal temperature in this region still needs to be empirically confirmed. The percentage of days with sand temperature exceeding the maximum thermal threshold between June 3, and September 16, 2018, was site‐specific rather than determined by latitudinal temperature gradients, and ranged between 0 and 100% of days. Maximum temperature recordings were as high as 36.0 and 35.3°C at 30 and 50 cm depth, respectively. Nesting sites in the Red Sea region could already be exceeding the thermal limits and may be particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures. Sites with lower sand temperatures, such as Small Gobal Island, may represent priority areas for conservation efforts. Alternatively, local adaptation may be a reality under extremely warm conditions, thus, further research into the thermal tolerance of hatchlings in the region could provide insight on how they might adapt to future climate change.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation: Knowledge and attitudes of a national sample of organ procurement organization professionals
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Alolod Gerard P. , Davis Ellen E. , Sarwer David B. , Gardiner Heather M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) for transplantation, donation professionals’ ability to obtain authorization for these anatomical gifts has become paramount for its continued practice. Our national study examines the experience of organ procurement organization (OPO) professionals responsible for presenting the opportunity to donate VCAs to families of deceased donor‐eligible patients. Semi‐structured telephone interviews conducted with 157 OPO staff assessed experience with VCA discussions, VCA knowledge, and comfort, confidence, and feeling prepared with discussions about different VCA types. Standard procedures were used to code and analyze the qualitative data and summarize the quantitative data. Most respondents (70.1%) never held a VCA donation discussion, but those with experience reported overall low levels of knowledge, comfort, and confidence talking with families about VCA. Although 44.4% of the sample had VCA‐related training, many felt unprepared, with most (75.0%) stating the training was insufficient. Participants without experience indicated even lower ratings of the aforementioned constructs. Findings support extant work demonstrating that no standardized procedures exist for VCA donation discussions; however, donation professionals are willing to adopt new VCA‐related skills. This report concludes that sustained and content‐specific training will elevate donation professionals’ ability to augment the supply of VCAs available for transplantation.
Perspective‐Taking Can Lead to Increased Bias: A Call for ‘Less Certain’ Positions in American Indian Contexts
Authors: Marie Mithlo Nancy , Sherman Aleksandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents findings from research conducted by two U.S. scholars from divergent disciplinary fields (Indigenous studies, cognitive science) and backgrounds (Chiricahua Apache, first‐generation U.S. immigrant) under a National Endowment for the Arts grant (2015‐2018). Our goal was to assess perceptions of American Indian peoples reflected in verbal responses (and in the lab settings, eye gaze) to historic photographs with the aim of enhancing visual competencies and deepening cultural interpretation in museum settings. Data was drawn from museum visitors at the Autry Museum of the American West and undergraduate students in a lab setting at Occidental College, both in Los Angeles, CA. Our findings indicate that perspective‐taking methods employed across both field sites do not alter enmeshed and persistent bias for interpreting American Indian lives. Participants who took the perspective of the subject and even adequately visually described the photograph still tended to engage in conventional narratives (i.e. stereotypes) unrooted in comprehension of living Native communities. These findings starkly expose the distance that largely non‐Native institutions must travel to fully reach the equity and inclusion efforts museums aspire to. Generalized diversity efforts in museum education based on empathy or simple description (as found in Visual Thinking Strategies) are not effective means of comprehending difference as viewers are not equipped to adequately draw independent conclusions free of bias. We argue that, especially in museum settings, where emotions are heightened, educators may productively consider methods of encouraging visitors to forestall conclusion‐making and to embrace uncertainty.
The Impact of Electronic Medical Records on the Process of Care: Alignment with Complexity and Clinical Focus
Authors: Ding Xin (David) , Peng Xiaosong (David) 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough electronic medical records (EMR) have attracted significant academic and practitioner interest, findings regarding the impacts of EMR on hospital performance remain inconclusive. Drawing on organizational information processing theory, we examine whether EMR will improve the process of care to a greater extent when the complexity of hospital operations is higher. In addition, we investigate whether clinical focus complements or substitutes EMR in mitigating hospital complexity. We cluster hospitals into three stages based on their cumulative capabilities as identified by the EMR Adoption Model (EMRAM) and assemble a longitudinal database tracking hospitals’ EMR capabilities and their performance between 2005 and 2014. Our study reveals that advanced stages of EMR mitigate hospital complexity and thus improve the process of care to greater extents than lower stages of EMR. In addition, we find that clinical focus substitutes for lower stages of EMR whereas complements higher stages of EMR in mitigating the potential negative impacts of complexity on the process of care. These findings offer significant managerial implications in aligning EMR capabilities and the clinical focus strategy to mitigate complexity.
Dose‐dependent efficacy of the glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist GIP(3‐30)NH2 on GIP actions in humans
Authors: Gasbjerg Lærke Smidt , Bari Emilie J. , Stensen Signe , Hoe Bjørn , Lanng Amalie R. , Mathiesen David S. , Christensen Mikkel B. , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Knop Filip Krag 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) fragment GIP(3‐30)NH2 is a selective, competitive GIP receptor antagonist, and doses of 800 to 1200 pmol/kg/min inhibit GIP‐induced potentiation of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion by >80% in humans. We evaluated the effects of GIP(3‐30)NH2 across a wider dose range in eight healthy men undergoing six separate and randomized 10‐mmol/L hyperglycaemic clamps (A–F) with concomitant intravenous infusion of GIP (1.5 pmol/kg/min; A–E) or saline (F). Clamps A to E involved double‐blinded, infusions of saline (A) and GIP(3‐30)NH2 at four rates: 2 (B), 20 (C), 200 (D) and 2000 pmol/kg/min (E), respectively. Mean plasma concentrations of glucose (A–F) and GIP (A–E) were similar. GIP‐induced potentiation of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was reduced by 44 ± 10% and 84 ± 10% during clamps D and E, respectively. Correspondingly, the amounts of glucose required to maintain the clamp during D and E were not different from F. GIP‐induced suppression of bone resorption and increase in heart rate were lowered by clamps D and E. In conclusion, GIP(3‐30)NH2 provides extensive, dose‐dependent inhibition of the GIP receptor in humans, with most pronounced effects of the doses 200 to 2000 pmol/kg/min within the tested range.
Effect of nutrition on postprandial glucose control in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes receiving fully automated closed‐loop insulin therapy
Authors: Banholzer Nicolas , Herzig David , Piazza Camillo , Álvarez‐Martínez Mario , Nakas Christos T , Kosinski Christophe , Feuerriegel Stefan , Hovorka Roman , Bally Lia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFully automated closed‐loop insulin delivery may offer a novel way to manage diabetes in hospital. However, postprandial glycaemic control remains challenging. We aimed to assess the effect of nutritional intake on postprandial glucose control in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes receiving fully closed‐loop insulin therapy. The effects of different meal types and macronutrient composition on sensor glucose time‐in‐target (TIT, 3.9‐10.0 mmol/L) and mean sensor glucose were assessed with hierarchical linear models using a Bayesian estimation approach. TIT was lower and the mean sensor glucose slightly higher, after breakfast compared with lunch and dinner, whereas the insulin dose was higher. Across meals, when carbohydrates were replaced by fat, or to a lesser extent by protein, postprandial glucose control improved. For breakfast, a 3.9% improvement in TIT was observed when 10% of the energy from carbohydrates was replaced by fat. Improvements were slightly lower during lunch and dinner (3.2% and 3.4%) or when carbohydrates were replaced by protein (2.2 and 2.7%, respectively). We suggest that reducing carbohydrate at the expense of fat or protein, could further improve glucose control during fully closed‐loop insulin therapy in hospital.
Foragers of the stingless bee Plebeia droryana inform nestmates about the direction, but not the distance to food sources
Authors: Peng Tianfei , Pedrosa Jéferson , Batista Jaqueline Eterna , Nascimento Fabio S. , Grüter Christoph 
Published: September 2020

The tropical stingless bees have evolved intricate communication systems to recruit nestmates to food locations. Some species are able to accurately communicate the location of food, whereas others simply announce the presence of food in the environment.
Plebeia droryana is a tiny Neotropical stingless bee that, until recently, was thought to use a solitary foraging strategy, that is without the use of a recruitment communication system. However, recent research has indicated that P. droryana might be able to recruit nestmates to specific food source locations.
We tested this by studying whether foragers can guide nestmates in the direction and the distance of artificial feeders placed in the vicinity of the colony. We trained bees to a scented sucrose solution feeder at 10 m and placed different feeders either in different directions (experiment 1) or in different distances (experiment 2). We found that P. droryana directs newcomers in the right direction, but distance information does not seem to be communicated.
Moreover, we then tested whether newcomers use chemical and visual cues originating from nestmates foraging at the food source, but found no evidence for the use of these social cues provided by conspecifics.
The potential mechanism that P. droryana may use to orient recruits toward the food source, however, remains unknown and requires further study.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Doctoral Graduate Supply in the Educational Measurement Field
Authors: Randall Jennifer , Rios Joseph A. , Jung Hyun Joo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor nearly three decades, researchers have been concerned that the educational measurement field is not producing enough graduate‐level specialists to meet the growing demand driven by the increased use of educational assessments in the United States. This study examined the supply‐side aspect of the proposed labor shortage by relying on data from the National Science Foundation's Survey of Earned Doctorates collected between 1997 and 2016. Over the 20 years examined, measurement programs produced 3,124 doctoral graduates, and across this time span, the annual production of graduates nearly doubled. This supply expansion can largely be attributed to the increase in the number of international graduates, which outpaced the annual growth rate of domestic PhD recipients by 156%. Moreover, 85% of graduates were found to either self‐identify as White or Asian. Less than 10 Hispanic and no more than 20 Black graduates were produced in any of the years examined. Of the 76% of graduates that reported having a job offer or accepted a position upon graduation, most entered the academy despite the overall average starting salary ($59,484) being considerably lower than the starting salary for their counterparts entering industry ($84,918), government ($69,970), or other educational institutions ($81,428).