bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increases in pharyngeal
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
positivity in men who have sex with men, 2011–2015: observational study
Authors: Comninos Nicholas Byron , Garton Linda , Guy Rebecca , Callander Denton , Fairley Christopher K , Grulich Andrew E , Donovan Basil , Goddard Sian Louise , Rutherford Alison , Templeton David J 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
Pharyngeal gonorrhoea disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). We explored temporal trends in pharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity among MSM compared with anorectal and urogenital positivity.

Methods
Data (2011–2015) were extracted from 41 publicly funded sexual health clinics participating in a national surveillance network. Positivity was defined as the proportion of first-visit testing occasions where gonorrhoea was detected. Logistic regression explored trends in positivity and correlates of positive pharyngeal tests.

Results
From 2011 to 2015, 24 792 MSM tested (16 710 pharyngeal, 19 810 urogenital and 15 974 anorectal first-visit tests). Pharyngeal positivity increased by 183% from 139/3509 (4.0%) in 2011 to 397/3509 (11.3%) in 2015, p-trend <0.001; urogenital positivity by 39% from 257/4615 (5.6%) to 295/3783 (7.8%), p-trend=0.006; and anorectal positivity by 87% from 160/3469 (4.6%) to 286/3334 (8.6%), p-trend <0.001. The annual temporal increase in positivity was greater in the pharynx (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.38) than at urogenital (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10) and anorectal (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.21) sites. Factors independently associated with pharyngeal gonorrhoea were: younger age (p<0.001), higher numbers of recent sexual partners (p-trend=0.004), contact with a person with a diagnosed STI (p<0.001), injecting drug use (p<0.001), anogenital symptoms (p<0.001) and HIV-positive status (p=0.050).

Conclusion
Temporal increases in gonorrhoea positivity occurred at all anatomical sites, with the greatest increase in the pharynx. Risk factors could be used to help to develop testing and prevention strategies among MSM at highest risk. Strengthening sexual health service delivery, testing and surveillance remain priorities for pharyngeal gonorrhoea control.
Acute effects of an isocaloric macronutrient-matched breakfast meal containing almonds on glycemic, hormonal, and appetite responses in men with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Bodnaruc Alexandra M. , Prud’homme Denis , Giroux Isabelle 
Published: October 2019

This randomized crossover study assessed the acute effects of almonds on postprandial glycemic, hormonal, and appetite responses in a sample of 7 men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants completed 2 experimental visits during which a control (white bread, butter, cheese) and a test (white bread, almonds) meal were ingested. Energy, available carbohydrate, total lipid, and protein content were the same in both meals. Blood samples were collected in fasting state as well as 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min postprandially for quantifying blood glucose, as well as insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) serum concentrations. Subjective appetite sensations were assessed using visual analog scales at the same time-points. Within this sample of participants, the test meal was found to be associated with lower postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, higher GLP-1 serum concentrations, decreased hunger and desire to eat, and increased fullness. The test meal was also associated with an increased estimated glucose metabolic clearance rate, indicating higher postprandial insulin sensitivity. Overall, results suggest that almonds’ macronutrient subtype profile could have a beneficial impact on postprandial glycemic, hormonal, and appetite responses in men with T2D. Studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings. Novelty A meal containing almonds (vs. isocaloric macronutrient-matched control) induced lower glycemic and insulinemic responses. A meal containing almonds (vs. isocaloric macronutrient-matched control) induced a greater elevation in postprandial GLP-1 serum concentrations. A meal containing almonds (vs. isocaloric macronutrient-matched control) induced more favourable postprandial appetite responses.
Minimally deformed anisotropic model of class one space-time by gravitational decoupling
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Maurya S. K. , Jasim M. K. , Rahaman Farook 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article, we have presented a static anisotropic solution of stellar compact objects for self-gravitating system by using minimal geometric deformation techniques in the framework of embedding class one space-time. For solving of this coupling system, we deform this system into two separate system through the geometric deformation of radial components for the source function $$\lambda (r)$$λ(r) by mapping: $$e^{-\lambda (r)}\rightarrow e^{-\tilde{\lambda }(r)}+\beta \,g(r)$$e-λ(r)→e-λ~(r)+βg(r), where g(r) is deformation function. The first system corresponds to Einstein’s system which is solved by taking a particular generalized form for source function $$\tilde{\lambda }(r)$$λ~(r) while another system is solved by choosing well-behaved deformation function g(r). To test the physical viability of this solution, we find complete thermodynamical observable as pressure, density, velocity, and equilibrium condition via. TOV equation etc. In addition to the above, we have also obtained the moment of inertia (I), Kepler frequency (v), compression modulus ($$K_e$$Ke) and stability for this coupling system. The M–R curve has been presented for obtaining the maximum mass and corresponding radius of the compact objects.
Infrared image blurring with distance beyond an initial aperture plane
Authors: Grzesik J. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract.
A photon field, be it in the visible or the infrared, necessarily diverges with distance away from its source. In the domain of visible optics such divergence is routinely countered through the intervention of focusing lenses or mirrors. Such focusing, on the other hand, is less readily available in the infrared, and it becomes of some interest to acquire an intuitive, semi-quantitative feel for the image blurring which this divergence implies. The present short note, whose content, admittedly, is both highly idealized and is aimed at a merely methodological goal, seeks to provide just such an image blurring insight. It considers as its datum a circular aperture with an isotropic radiant flux incident upon it, and then tracks image spreading and the concomitant intensity decline across downstream capture planes. The anticipated blurring so confirmed should encourage similar, more incisive analyses in realistic imaging scenarios. And, while the language below exudes an aura of urgency in a specifically infrared domain, its concern implicitly extends to photonic fields at all other frenquencies.
Research on digital silicon gyroscope interface circuit based on bandpass sigma-delta modulator
Authors: Huang Fuxiang , Fu Qiang , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Yufeng , Mao Zhigang 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a novel digital silicon gyroscope interface circuit, designed by 0.35 [Formula: see text]m BCD process, and the chip area is 4.8 mm ∗ 5.0 mm. The traditional noise model of charge amplifier decomposes the noise into voltage noise and current noise. But the test results show that current noise accounts for a large proportion, which is not consistent with the theoretical model. Through the analysis of experimental data and the study of operational amplifier’s working principle in charge amplifier, a new noise model is established, which makes the experimental data closer to the theoretical model. The design makes use of the bandpass characteristics of the bandpass sigma–delta modulator consistent with the sensitive structure of the silicon gyroscope, and optimizes the digital principle of the silicon gyroscope. The digital demodulation of bandpass sigma–delta modulator (BP SDM) can directly separate the in-phase component from the orthogonal component, which eliminates the tedious design of carrier signal digitization and multi-digital filtering, simplifies the frame structure of the whole digital silicon gyroscope system and reduces the design difficulty and physical cost. The ASIC of silicon gyroscope digital interface circuit is tested in combination with the sensitive structure. The noise density of 0.0014[Formula: see text]/s/Hz[Formula: see text], zero stability of 1[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]h (1[Formula: see text]) and 0.2[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]h (Allen variation). The test of ASIC and the whole machine proves the correctness of the theoretical model, which reflects the correctness of the performance of the digital interface circuit of silicon gyroscope.
Superconductivity and hall effect of polycrystalline Pb82Bi18 thin films, a universal test platform for flux pinning by hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Bang Wonbae , Woo Sung Oh , Morrison T. D. , Teizer W. , Rathnayaka K. D. D. , Lyuksyutov I. F. , Naugle D. G. 
Published: October 2019

We report the properties of superconductivity and Hall effect in 100 nm Pb[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] alloy thin films which were prepared by thermal evaporation with quench condensation using liquid nitrogen. X-ray diffraction indicates the films are [Formula: see text]-phase with peaks shifted to lower angles compared to pure Pb. The [Formula: see text] of the films was higher than those of an amorphous Pb–Bi alloy thin film of the same composition and pure bulk Pb. The resistivity, critical field and critical current density of the thin films are reported. The coherence length ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) and London penetration depth ([Formula: see text]) near [Formula: see text] were calculated from the experimental results. The films are in the dirty limit and behave as type-II superconductors with a Ginzburg–Landau parameter of about 10. Additionally, the films show sign reversal in Hall measurements. These films have been quite useful in a comprehensive study of the effects of flux pinning by integrated ferromagnetic nanostructures conducted in hybrid ferromagnet–superconductor samples in our lab over the past few years due to their single-phase nature and strong type-II behavior.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE BLOCKADE OF AXONAL TRANSPORT BY ACTIVATED ASTROCYTES IN OPTIC NERVE HEAD UNDER CHRONIC OCULAR HYPERTENSION
Authors: PENG FAN , MA LIPING , LIU LIU , LI LIN , QIAN XIUQING 
Published: October 2019

Glaucoma is considered a group of neurodegenerative diseases that damage the optic disc and result in a reduction of the field of vision. High intraocular pressure-induced deformation of optic nerve head (ONH) may compress the optic nerve and affect axonal transport. This study aims to show experimental observations: the activated astrocytes under high intraocular pressure play an important role in compression of optic nerve and block of axonal transport. Four-week duration of ocular hypertension (more than 20[Formula: see text]mm Hg) rats induced by cauterizing of three episcleral vessels and administering a fluorouracil subconjunctival injection in the right eye were enrolled and the left eyes of all the rats were used as a self-control. The axonal transport of the optic nerve was examined by a confocal laser scanning microscope after intravitreally injecting rhodamine-[Formula: see text]-isothiocyanate. The morphology of the optic nerve head was examined by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed transport of rhodamine-[Formula: see text]-isothiocyanate was blocked in the experimental group, and fluorescent dye accumulated around the ONH. The nucleus counts of the coronal section kidney-shaped area showed that the number of cell nucleus in experimental eye was more than that of the control according to the results of HE staining. The increased collagen fibers in ONH were observed. The density of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in experimental eyes was a little bit higher than that in the control group by quantify analysis of the expression. The obvious changes of microstructure of the ONH also were found according to the images of TEM. It can be concluded that the activated astrocytes might squeeze the optic nerve, likely leading to optic nerve distortion and axonal flow blockage.
EEG power spectral slope differs by ADHD status and stimulant medication exposure in early childhood
Authors: Robertson Madeline M. , Furlong Sarah , Voytek Bradley , Donoghue Thomas , Boettiger Charlotte A. , Sheridan Margaret A. 
Published: October 2019

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness. Efforts toward the development of a biologically based diagnostic test have identified differences in the EEG power spectrum; most consistently reported is an increased ratio of theta to beta power during resting state in those with the disorder, compared with controls. Current approaches calculate theta/beta ratio using fixed frequency bands, but the observed differences may be confounded by other relevant features of the power spectrum, including shifts in peak oscillation frequency and altered slope or offset of the aperiodic 1/ f-like component of the power spectrum. In the present study, we quantify the spectral slope and offset, peak alpha frequency, and band-limited and band-ratio oscillatory power in the resting-state EEG of 3- to 7-yr-old children with and without ADHD. We found that medication-naive children with ADHD had higher alpha power, greater offsets, and steeper slopes compared with typically developing children. Children with ADHD who were treated with stimulants had comparable slopes and offsets to the typically developing group despite a 24-h medication-washout period. We further show that spectral slope correlates with traditional measures of theta/beta ratio, suggesting the utility of slope as a neural marker over and above traditional approaches. Taken with past research demonstrating that spectral slope is associated with executive functioning and excitatory/inhibitory balance, these results suggest that altered slope of the power spectrum may reflect pathology in ADHD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article highlights the clinical utility of comprehensively quantifying features of the EEG power spectrum. Using this approach, we identify, for the first time, differences in the aperiodic components of the EEG power spectrum in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide evidence that spectral slope is a robust indictor of an increase in low- relative to high-frequency power in ADHD.
Fast and specific: insights into the acquisition and generalization of motor acuity
Authors: Gonda Shahar , Shkedy Rabani Anat , Horesh Naama , Shmuelof Lior 
Published: October 2019

Motor acuity is considered to be the outcome of prolonged practice and to involve morphological changes in the motor cortex. We have previously designed a curved pointing task, the arc pointing task (APT), to study motor acuity acquisition, defined as a change in the speed-accuracy tradeoff function (SAF) of the task. Here, we studied the generalization of motor acuity between hands and between tasks (drawing the arc in the opposite direction and with the untrained hand) and the effect of training duration on motor acuity. We report that training-induced motor acuity improvement did not generalize across hands and across tasks performed with the same hand, suggesting a task-specific representation of motor acuity. To our surprise, the largest gains in motor acuity, measured both by changes in SAF and by improvement in multiple kinematic variables, were seen following a short exposure to the task. Our results suggest that motor acuity training-induced improvement is task specific and that motor acuity starts to improve following a very short practice. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that training induced motor acuity improvement does not generalize from one hand to another or between movements that are performed with the same effector. Furthermore, significant improvements in acuity were found following a very short exposure to the task (∼20 trials). Therefore, our results suggest that the nervous system has the capacity to rapidly improve motor acuity.
The Association between the Comprehensive Epstein–Barr Virus Serologic Profile and Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Coghill Anna E. , Proietti Carla , Liu Zhiwei , Krause Lutz , Bethony Jeff , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , Obajemu Adeola , Nkrumah Francis , Biggar Robert J. , Bhatia Kishor , Hildesheim Allan , Doolan Denise L. , Mbulaiteye Sam M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
The discovery of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in Burkitt lymphoma tumors represented the first link between a virus and cancer in humans, but the underlying role of this virus in endemic Burkitt lymphoma remains unclear. Nearly all children in Burkitt lymphoma–endemic areas are seropositive for EBV, but only a small percentage develop disease. Variation in EBV-directed immunity could be an explanatory cofactor.

Methods:
We examined serum from 150 Burkitt lymphoma cases and 150 controls using a protein microarray that measured IgG and IgA antibodies against 202 sequences across the entire EBV proteome. Variation in the EBV-directed antibody repertoire between Burkitt lymphoma cases and controls was assessed using unpaired t tests. ORs quantifying the association between anti-EBV IgG response tertiles and Burkitt lymphoma status were adjusted for age, sex, and study year.

Results:
Thirty-three anti-EBV IgG responses were elevated in Burkitt lymphoma cases compared with controls (P ≤ 0.0003). Burkitt lymphoma–associated IgG elevations were strongest for EBV proteins involved in viral replication and antiapoptotic signaling. Specifically, we observed ORs ≥4 for BMRF1 (early antigen), BBLF1 (tegument protein), BHRF1 (Bcl-2 homolog), BZLF1 (Zebra), BILF2 (glycoprotein), BLRF2 [viral capsid antigen (VCA)p23], BDLF4, and BFRF3 (VCAp18). Adjustment for malaria exposure and inheritance of the sickle cell variant did not alter associations.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that the anti-EBV serologic profile in patients with Burkitt lymphoma is altered, with strong elevations in 33 of the measured anti-EBV IgG antibodies relative to disease-free children.

Impact:
The Burkitt lymphoma–specific signature included EBV-based markers relevant for viral replication and antiapoptotic activity, providing clues for future Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis research.
Effects of Electronic Cigarette Constituents on the Human Lung: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Song Min-Ae , Reisinger Sarah A. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Brasky Theodore M. , Mathé Ewy A. , McElroy Joseph P. , Nickerson Quentin A. , Weng Daniel Y. , Wewers Mark D. , Shields Peter G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectronic cigarette (e-cig) use is continuing to increase, particularly among youth never-smokers, and is used by some smokers to quit. The acute and chronic toxicity of e-cig use is unclear generally in the context of increasing reports of inflammatory-type pneumonia in some e-cig users. To assess lung effects of e-cigs without nicotine or flavors, we conducted a pilot study with serial bronchoscopies over 4 weeks in 30 never-smokers, randomized either to a 4-week intervention with the use of e-cigs containing only 50% propylene glycol (PG) and 50% vegetable glycerine or to a no-use control group. Compliance to the e-cig intervention was assessed by participants sending daily puff counts and by urinary PG. Inflammatory cell counts and cytokines were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Genome-wide expression, miRNA, and mRNA were determined from bronchial epithelial cells. There were no significant differences in changes of BAL inflammatory cell counts or cytokines between baseline and follow-up, comparing the control and e-cig groups. However, in the intervention but not the control group, change in urinary PG as a marker of e-cig use and inhalation was significantly correlated with change in cell counts (cell concentrations, macrophages, and lymphocytes) and cytokines (IL8, IL13, and TNFα), although the absolute magnitude of changes was small. There were no significant changes in mRNA or miRNA gene expression. Although limited by study size and duration, this is the first experimental demonstration of an impact of e-cig use on inflammation in the human lung among never-smokers.
Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections: Associations with Neurosyphilis
Authors: Xiao Yao , Chen Mei-Jun , Shen Xu , Lin Li-Rong , Liu Li-Li , Yang Tian-Ci , Niu Jian-Jun 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Recently, neurosyphilis was found to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether the association was specific to neurosyphilis among central nervous system (CNS) infections, and whether neurosyphilis is associated with other prevalent metabolic disorders deserves further study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An in-depth cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 neurosyphilis patients and 74 sex- and age-matched patients with other CNS infections. DM-, hypertension-, and dyslipidemia-related factors were compared between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence rates of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in neurosyphilis patients were 45.9 and 21.4%, respectively, which were higher than those in patients with other CNS infections (45.9 vs. 28.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.027; 21.4 vs. 8.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.028). In addition, neurosyphilis patients had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (BP; median 139 mm Hg; interquartile range [IQR] 121–151 mm Hg), ­diastolic BP (median 83 mm Hg; IQR 76–89 mm Hg), total cholesterol (median 4.86 mmol/L; IQR 3.80–5.51 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (median 3.39 mmol/L; IQR 2.52–3.95 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1; median 1.31 g/L; IQR 1.06–1.52 g/L) levels and lower apoB/A1 ratios (median 0.67; IQR 0.49–0.99) than patients with other CNS infections (<i>p</i>&#x3c; 0.05). There were no differences in the DM-related factors between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections (<i>p</i>&#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Potential association between neurosyphilis and metabolic disorders was found among CNS infections. The results could have important implications for clinical practice, alerting more clinicians to this issue.