bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Children With Speech Sound Disorders During COVID-19 Restrictions: Technological Solutions
Authors: McLeod Sharynne , Ballard Kirrie J. , Ahmed Beena , McGill Nicole , Brown Michelle I. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose“Children are the hidden victims of the COVID-19 pandemic” (United Nations Children's Fund, 2020). Timely and effective speech intervention is important to reduce the impact on children's school achievement, ability to make friends, mental health, future life opportunities, and government resources. Prior to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many Australian children did not receive sufficient speech-language pathology (SLP) services due to long waiting lists in the public health system. COVID-19 restrictions exacerbated this issue, as even children who were at the top of lengthy SLP waiting lists often received limited services, particularly in rural areas. To facilitate children receiving speech intervention remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding three technological solutions are examined: (a) Phoneme Factory Sound Sorter (Sound Start Study), (b) Waiting for Speech Pathology website, and (c) Apraxia World.ConclusionsFor the first two technological solutions, there were similar gains in speech production between the intervention and control groups, whereas, for the third solution, the average magnitude of treatment effect was comparable to face-to-face SLP therapy. Automated therapy management systems may be able to accelerate speech development and support communication resilience to counteract the effects of the COVID-19 restrictions on children with speech sound disorders. Technology-based strategies may also provide a potential solution to the chronic shortage of SLP services in rural areas into the future.
Effects of low‐temperature thermal annealing on interface characteristics in IZO/IGZO dual‐channel thin‐film transistors
Authors: Choi H.‐S. 
Published: October 2020

Dual‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs) show excellent effective mobility (μ eff ) and reliability, including negative‐bias‐illumination stability. To enhance the performance of these devices, post‐thermal annealing in air is performed for 2 h at the low temperature of 250°C. To investigate the effects of low‐temperature thermal annealing, indium–zinc‐oxide/gallium–indium–zinc‐oxide (IZO/IGZO) dual‐channel TFTs with various IZO thicknesses are fabricated and examined. The observed parameters are μ eff, saturation mobility (μ sat ), subthreshold slope (SS), and threshold voltage (V TH ). The interface quality may be improved by low‐temperature thermal annealing, which was confirmed by the improvement in μ eff and SS. However, these performance enhancements are intensively observed only in the channels with an IZO thickness below 10 nm. When the IZO thickness becomes 10 nm or more, the improvement in μ eff due to low‐temperature thermal annealing hardly occurs. This is because μ eff is greatly influenced by the interface quality due to Coulomb scattering when the IZO thickness is <10 nm. However, for an IZO thickness above 10 nm, as phonon scattering also has a significant effect on μ eff, the improvement in interface quality by thermal annealing is small. This is also supported by low‐frequency noise measurements, which are sensitive to interface quality.
Neues zu Impfungen bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Seybold Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Masern-Mumps-Röteln- (MMR) und Varizellen-Impfung (VZV) Das 2020-Update der beruflichen MMR-Impfempfehlungen gilt in betroffenen Einrichtungen für alle Beschäftigten und vereinfacht die Vorgaben: Für die meisten Erwachsenen ab Jahrgang 1971 sind 2 dokumentierte Gaben notwendig. Das Masernschutzgesetz beinhaltet eine Impflicht für verschiedene Einrichtungen und Schulen.
Pneumokokken-Impfung Aufgrund der Veränderung der zirkulierenden Serotypen seit Anwendung der Konjugatimpfstoffe bei Kindern empfiehlt die amerikanische ACIP diese nicht mehr für die Routine-Erwachsenenimpfung.
Humane-Papillomaviren-Impfung (HPV) Beobachtungsstudien legen eine ausreichende Wirksamkeit von reduzierten Impfschemata mit 2 Dosen oder nur 1 Dosis nahe, Daten aus randomisierten Studien liegen aber noch nicht vor.
Influenza-Impfung Eine Abschwächung der Vakzineffektivität durch jährliche wiederholte saisonale Impfungen und auch im Verlauf einer Saison wird immer wieder festgestellt. Eine Veränderung der bestehenden Impfempfehlung ergibt sich daraus nicht.
Ebola-Impfung Nach jahrelanger Entwicklung und Testung erfolgte die Zulassung der ersten Impfstoffe durch die EMA im November 2019 und Juli 2020.
SARS-Coronavirus-2-Impfung (SARS-CoV-2) Aktuell werden mit massivem finanziellem Aufwand > 150 Vakzinkandidaten entwickelt, erste Phase-I/II-Studien sind auch mit deutscher Beteiligung angelaufen. Damit könnte 2021 ein zugelassener Impfstoff zur Verfügung stehen.
In Vitro Anticancer Effects of All-trans Retinoic Acid in Combination with Dacarbazine against CD117+ Melanoma Cells
Authors: Jobani Bahareh Mohammadi , Mohebi Elham , Najafzadeh Nowruz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground Malignant melanoma is a common form of skin cancer that contains different cell types recognized by various cell surface markers. Dacarbazine-based combination chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of melanoma. Despite its potent anticancer properties, resistance to dacarbazine develops in malignant melanoma. Here, we aim to improve response to dacarbazine therapy by pretreatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in CD117+ melanoma cells.Methods The CD117+ melanoma cells were sorted from A375 malignant melanoma cell line using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The cell viability was examined by cell proliferation assay (MTT). Apoptosis was determined by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining. Indeed, we performed flow cytometry to evaluate the cell cycle arrest.Results Here, the CD117+ melanoma cells were incubated with various concentrations of ATRA, dacarbazine, and their combination to determine IC50 values. We found that 20 µM ATRA treatment followed by dacarbazine was found to be more effective than dacarbazine alone. There was an indication that the combination of ATRA with dacarbazine (ATRA/dacarbazine) caused more apoptosis and necrosis in the melanoma cells (P<0.05). Furthermore, ATRA/dacarbazine treatment inhibited the cell at the G0/G1 phase, while dacarbazine alone inhibited the cells at S phase.Conclusion Collectively, combined treatment with ATRA and dacarbazine induced more apoptosis and enhanced the cell cycle arrest of CD117+ melanoma cells. These results suggested that ATRA increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to the effect of dacarbazine.
Influence of Sprint Duration during Minimal Volume Exercise on Aerobic Capacity and Affect
Authors: Haines Matthew , Broom David , Stephenson John , Gillibrand Warren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the influence of reduced-exertion, high-intensity interval training (REHIT), comparing a novel shortened-sprint protocol (SSREHIT) against a traditional protocol (TREHIT), on perceptual responses and to determine if changes in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) are attenuated with shorter sprints. Twenty-four healthy men undertook 15 sessions of SSREHIT or TREHIT. V˙O2peak was determined at baseline and after completion of each exercise condition. Affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses and perceived exertion were assessed during exercise to capture peak responses. Enjoyment was recorded 5-min after cessation of exercise. Compared to baseline, V˙O2peak increased in both groups (6% for SSREHIT [d=− 0.36] and 9% for TREHIT [d=− 0.53], p=0.01). Affective responses were more favourable for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=1.62), but both protocols avoided large negative peaks of displeasure. Peak ratings of perceived exertion were lower for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=− 1.71), although there were no differences in enjoyment (d=0.25). The results demonstrate both exercise conditions can increase V˙O2peak without overly compromising perceptual responses. Decreased sprint duration might further circumvent negative perceptual responses but might also attenuate physiological adaptations.
Small Cartilage Defect Management
Authors: Hacken Brittney A. , LaPrade Matthew D. , Stuart Michael J. , Saris Daniel B. F. , Camp Christopher L. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCartilage defects in the knee are common resulting in significant pain and morbidity over time. These defects can arise in isolation or concurrently with other associated injuries to the knee. The treatment of small (< 2–3 cm2) cartilage deficiencies has changed as our basic science knowledge of tissue healing has improved. Advancements have led to the development of new and more effective treatment modalities. It is important to address any associated knee injuries and limb malalignment. Surgical options are considered when nonoperative treatment fails. The specific procedure depends on individual patient characteristics, lesion size, and location. Debridement/chondroplasty, microfracture, marrow stimulation plus techniques, fixation of unstable osteochondral fragments, osteochondral autograft transfer, and osteochondral allograft transplantation, all have roles in the treatment of small cartilage defects.
Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes
Authors: Cechova Monika , Vegesna Rahulsimham , Tomaszkiewicz Marta , Harris Robert S. , Chen Di , Rangavittal Samarth , Medvedev Paul , Makova Kateryna D. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The male-specific Y chromosome harbors genes important for sperm production. Because Y is repetitive, its DNA sequence was deciphered for only a few species, and its evolution remains elusive. Here we compared the Y chromosomes of great apes (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan) and found that many of their repetitive sequences and multicopy genes were likely already present in their common ancestor. Y repeats had increased intrachromosomal contacts, which might facilitate preservation of genes and gene regulatory elements. Chimpanzee and bonobo, experiencing high sperm competition, underwent many DNA changes and gene losses on the Y. Our research is significant for understanding the role of the Y chromosome in reproduction of nonhuman great apes, all of which are endangered.
Point process temporal structure characterizes electrodermal activity
Authors: Subramanian Sandya , Barbieri Riccardo , Brown Emery N. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceElectrodermal activity (EDA) is a readout of the body’s sympathetic nervous system measured as sweat-induced changes in the electrical conductance properties of the skin. Interest is growing in using EDA to track physiological conditions such as stress levels, sleep quality, and emotional states. The integrate-and-fire physiology underlying EDA production suggests that its interpulse intervals should obey an inverse Gaussian probability model. In an analysis of EDA data recorded in 11 healthy volunteers during quiet wakefulness, we established that the inverse Gaussian model accurately characterized the interpulse intervals. Our findings show a physiologically based statistical model provides a parsimonious and accurate description of EDA.
Crystal structure of tomato spotted wilt virus GNreveals a dimer complex formation and evolutionary link to animal-infecting viruses
Authors: Bahat Yoav , Alter Joel , Dessau Moshe 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceTospoviruses are major field crop pathogens that cause significant economic damage, raising global food security concerns. However, their assembly, attachment to their host cells, and genome delivery mechanisms remain unclear. This paper provides detailed structural insights on tospovirus glycoprotein N (GN). The significant knowledge gap regarding the structure and function of envelope glycoproteins from plant viruses in general and tospoviruses in particular impedes our fundamental understanding of these viruses’ host cell recognition and entry mechanisms. Our structural analysis of the tomato spotted wilt virus glycoprotein N (TSWV GN) reveals an evolutionary link between plant- and animal-infecting viruses that extends beyond theBunyaviralesorder, describes a dimerization interface, and provides possible strategies for countermeasures against these important agricultural threats.
Fecal transplantation and butyrate improve neuropathic pain, modify immune cell profile, and gene expression in the PNS of obese mice
Authors: Bonomo Raiza R. , Cook Tyler M. , Gavini Chaitanya K. , White Chelsea R. , Jones Jacob R. , Bovo Elisa , Zima Aleksey V. , Brown Isabelle A. , Dugas Lara R. , Zakharian Eleonora , Aubert Gregory , Alonzo Francis , Calcutt Nigel A. , Mansuy-Aubert Virginie 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The increase in obesity has been accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy. Because there is no disease-modifying therapy, paradigm-shifting research on pain associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes is urgently needed. Our data suggest that fecal transplantation from lean to obese, insulin-resistant mice decreases obesity-induced hypersensitivity and increases nerve density in the skin. These improvements are accompanied by changes in peripheral nerve system gene expression and inflammatory cells. Finally, our results suggest that circulating butyrate, a metabolite secreted by gut microbiome and absorbed in the blood stream, may be involved by acting directly on peripheral nerve system immune cells and gene expression or pain channels.
Neutral evolution of human enamel–dentine junction morphology
Authors: Monson Tesla A. , Fecker Diego , Scherrer Marc 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceOf the skeleton, teeth preserve well in the fossil record and have the strongest genetic signature and thus great potential for reconstructing evolutionary processes involved in human origins. The enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) is especially important, because it is more frequently preserved and somewhat decoupled from dietary function. Researchers have used the EDJ to test hypotheses of human evolution, but this trait has not yet been comprehensively studied across human populations. This study is the largest investigation of EDJ morphology to date, spanning 161 archaeological individuals from six continents. These data demonstrate that the EDJ evolves neutrally, and biomedical imaging of EDJ morphology can therefore be used as a noninvasive method to investigate ancient population movement and human genetic structure.
How the T cell signaling network processes information to discriminate between self and agonist ligands
Authors: Ganti Raman S. , Lo Wan-Lin , McAffee Darren B. , Groves Jay T. , Weiss Arthur , Chakraborty Arup K. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceInformation theory was invented to solve the task of sending reliable communication over an unreliable channel. T cells have extremely reliable signal-processing capacity as they sensitively and specifically respond to a few pathogen-derived peptide ligands displayed in the noisy environment of many self-derived ligands presented on the same antigen-presenting cell. We used information-theoretic concepts to analyze a computational model of the biochemical steps in the T cell signaling network to understand how features of the T cell signaling pathway enable discriminatory ability. Our calculations and experiments suggest that T cells superimpose kinetic proofreading steps that must be spatially localized with the receptor and feedback loops to extract reliable information from a noisy environment.
Real-time observation of ligand-induced allosteric transitions in a PDZ domain
Authors: Bozovic Olga , Zanobini Claudio , Gulzar Adnan , Jankovic Brankica , Buhrke David , Post Matthias , Wolf Steffen , Stock Gerhard , Hamm Peter 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Allostery is a process in which a signal sensed upon ligand-binding at a distal site is transduced to the effector site, allowing for regulation of the activity of the latter. The propagation of an allosteric signal is a nonequilibrium process, but neither the nature of the signal is known on a molecular level (e.g., whether it is structural or dynamical properties that change) nor its speed. The real-time observation of such a signal requires the design of protein systems, in which one can synchronize ligand (un)binding events. Such a design is presented here, allowing us to investigate its allosteric transition in unprecedented detail.
Modular and coordinated activity of AAA+ active sites in the double-ring ClpA unfoldase of the ClpAP protease
Authors: Zuromski Kristin L. , Sauer Robert T. , Baker Tania A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Understanding of how ClpA and other double-ring AAA+ enzymes perform mechanical work is limited. Using site-specific cross-linking and mutagenesis, we introduced ATPase-inactive AAA+ modules at alternating positions in individual ClpA rings, or in both rings, to investigate potential active-site coordination during ClpAP degradation. ClpA variants containing alternating active/inactive ATPase modules processively unfolded, translocated, and supported ClpP degradation of protein substrates with energetic efficiencies similar to, or higher than, completely active ClpA. These results impact current models describing the mechanisms of AAA+ family enzymes. The cross-linking/mutagenesis method we employed will also be useful for answering other structure-function questions about ClpA and related double-ring enzymes.
A study of the structural and magnetic properties of nitrides of iron and nickel (XN; X = Fe, Ni) using density functional theory approach
Authors: Atsue T , Ogunniranye I B , Oyewande O E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transition metal nitrides possess important properties of interest such as superconductivity, high hardness, optical, electronic and magnetic among others which are relevant for technological applications. In this study, structural and magnetic properties of nitrides of iron and nickel have been investigated using generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof revised for solids (GGA-PBEsol) as implemented in Quantum Espresso, a density functional theory based computational software package. The compounds were considered in the zinc blende face centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal closed packed (HCP) and primitive tetragonal structures and the results revealed that FeN and NiN energetically prefer zinc blende FCC structure. The results of spin polarized calculation indicated that FeN exhibited non-magnetic properties only in the zinc blende FCC structure and a magnetic moment of 2.17 μ
B and 3.18 μ
B per formula units in the HCP and primitive tetragonal structures respectively, whereas NiN was non-magnetic for the three crystal structures.
High-order phase reduction for coupled oscillators
Authors: Gengel Erik , Teichmann Erik , Rosenblum Michael , Pikovsky Arkady 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We explore the phase reduction in networks of coupled oscillators in the higher orders of the coupling parameter. For coupled Stuart–Landau oscillators, where the phase can be introduced explicitly, we develop an analytic perturbation procedure to explicitly obtain the higher-order approximation. We demonstrate this by deriving the second-order phase equations for a network of three Stuart–Landau oscillators. For systems where explicit expressions of the phase are not available, we present a numerical procedure that constructs the phase dynamics equations for a small network of coupled units. We apply this approach to a network of three van der Pol oscillators and reveal components in the coupling with different scaling in the interaction strength.
Paving the translational ageing research pathway—training the next generation of researchers
Authors: Tullo Ellen , Dodds Richard M , Birkbeck Matthew , Habiballa Leena , Sayer Avan Aihie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ageing is an archetypal translational research topic, spanning a breadth of academic disciplines. This poses challenges for researchers aiming to act upon laboratory findings to develop and implement interventions that directly benefit older people. Divisions between distinct academic research cultures present barriers to collaborative working. We present potential strategies to improve the translation of ageing research with examples of successful projects working across disciplines. Researchers and clinicians in ageing should be supported to develop a translational interest and receive specific training about translational research.
Care homes and COVID-19 in Hong Kong: how the lessons from SARS were used to good effect
Authors: Chow Lina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Hong Kong, about 15% of older people (aged 80 and above) live in care homes, one of the highest proportions in the world. During the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, the crude fatality rate for older people in care homes that were infected was 72%. After taking the advice of a team of international experts, the Hong Kong Government implemented comprehensive preventive measures to cope with the future epidemics. This commentary evaluates the effectiveness of these measures in coping with both influenza outbreaks and COVID-19 and suggests the lessons learnt are relevant to both developed and less developed countries? Lockdown in care homes is very effective under two conditions. Healthcare workers must wear surgical masks in the care home. Hospitals must adopt a strict policy to prevent virus transmission by discharged patients. Care homes situated within high-rise residential towers are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission; their residents can more easily be infected by asymptomatic carriers from the community. Airborne virus can also be transmitted more swiftly in care homes with open-plan layouts. Lockdown had been shown to significantly reduce influenza outbreaks in care homes. On the other hand, lockdown causes loneliness to residents. Care homes allow residents to move freely within the care home though with the risk of spreading the virus by resident who is an asymptomatic carrier. Finally, lockdown may cause family members to have guilty feelings. Family members can only make video call or window visit to residents.