bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation and Analysis of Steam Hammer in Main Steam Pipe in HPR1000
Authors: Yu Pei , Wang Jiaming , Ma Huiyun , Gu Haifeng , Yan Changqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The steam hammer pressure is solved though the simplified calculation. PIPENET software is applied to model the nuclear island main steam system between the steam generator and the main steam header in HPR 1000. The transient module is used to simulate the occurrence and attenuation process of steam hammer. The maximum steam hammer pressure, the maximum steam hammer stress in the pipe system, when and where the load occurs are given. The influence of the straight pipe section length and valve closing time on the steam hammer effect is analyzed. With the other conditions unchanged, the steam hammer energy decreases as the straight pipe section shortens, or the valve closing time extends.
Greater Semantic Memory Activation After Exercise Training Cessation in Older Endurance-Trained Athletes
Authors: Won Junyeon , Alfini Alfonso J. , Weiss Lauren R. , Hagberg James M. , Carson Smith J. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 10-day exercise-training cessation on semantic memory functional activation in older distance runners. Methods: Ten master runners (62.6 ± 7.0 years) with a long-term endurance-training history (29.0 ± 6.0 years) underwent a 10-day training cessation. Before and immediately after the training cessation, semantic memory activation was measured during the famous name recognition task, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The 10-day training cessation resulted in greater semantic memory activation in three brain regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior semilunar lobule. The 10-day training cessation did not significantly alter famous name recognition task performance. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that even a relatively short period without exercise training alters the functional activation patterns of semantic memory–related neural networks. Increased semantic memory activation after training cessation may indicate reduced neural efficiency during successful memory retrieval.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Muscular and Performance Fitness and Incident Glaucoma: The Niigata Wellness Study
Authors: Kawakami Ryoko , Gando Yuko , Kato Kiminori , Sawada Susumu S. , Momma Haruki , Miyachi Motohiko , Lee I-Min , Blair Steven N. , Tashiro Minoru , Horikawa Chika , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yamada Takaho , Fujihara Kazuya , Sone Hirohito 
Published: October 2020

Background: To examine the association between muscular and performance fitness (MPF) and the incidence of glaucoma. Methods: A total of 27,051 glaucoma-free participants aged 20–87 years underwent physical fitness tests between April 2001 and March 2002. The MPF index was calculated using an age- and sex-specific summed z-score from grip strength, vertical jump, single-leg balance, forward bending, and whole-body reaction time. The participants were divided into quartiles according to the MPF index and each physical fitness test. Participants were followed up for the development of glaucoma, which was defined based on physician-diagnosed glaucoma at an annual health examination between April 2002 and March 2008. Hazard ratios for the incidence of glaucoma were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During follow-up, 303 participants developed glaucoma. Compared with the lowest MPF index group, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing glaucoma was 0.64 (0.46–0.89) for the highest MPF index group (P for trend = .001). Vertical jump and whole-body reaction time were associated with incident glaucoma (P for trend = .01 and <.001, respectively). There were no associations between the other physical fitness tests and the incidence of glaucoma. Conclusion: Higher MPF is associated with lower incidence of glaucoma.
Social network strategy as a promising intervention to better reach key populations for promoting HIV prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xing , Fang Ting , Mobarak Siam AI , Wang Jing , Wang Can , Huang Shan , Jiang Li , Chen Xi , Li Hongzhan , Chang Weiwei , Zhang Lei , Mo Jieling , Ning Chuanyi 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionKey populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), drug users and sex workers are at high risk of HIV infection, but they are marginalised and hidden. Social network strategy (SNS) is purposeful to use social networks to generate social influence, accelerate behaviour change and achieve desirable outcomes among individuals or communities and have been increasingly used for HIV interventions. This study aims to investigate the effects of SNS on HIV prevention among key populations.MethodsWe searched six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Wiley for randomised controlled trials published between January 1999 and May 2019. Eligibility criteria included SNS conducted among key populations for HIV interventions, with a comparator group. Outcomes included changes in HIV high-risk behaviour, HIV seroconversion and other HIV outcomes. We used the risk ratio (RR) or mean difference with associated 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the comparative efficacy between SNS and control methods on the selected outcomes. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence for the studies.ResultsOf 2818 citations identified, 28 trails from 24 papers met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that SNS was associated with less unprotected intercourse (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.86) and sex with multiple partners (0.46, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.65). Additionally, relative to the control methods, SNS significantly reduced HIV seroconversion (0.65, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.81), improved HIV testing uptake (1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15) and promoted participant retention (1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) among key populations. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system showed that trails were of moderate quality.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence that SNS can reach key populations who are currently not being reached by existing programmes and deliver HIV interventions through social networks, which decreases HIV sexual risk behaviour and HIV incidence and increases HIV testing uptake and participant retention.Trial registration numberCRD42019140533.
MTOR suppresses autophagy-mediated production of IL25 in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Li Wen , Wu Yinfang , Zhao Yun , Li Zhouyang , Chen Haixia , Dong Lingling , Liu Huiwen , Zhang Min , Wu Yanping , Zhou Jiesen , Xiong Juan , Hu Yue , Hua Wen , Zhang Bin , Qiu Minzhi , Zhang Qing-ling , Wei Chunhua , Wen Mingchun , Han Jing , Zhou Xiaobo , Qiu Weiliang , Yan Fugui , Huang Huaqiong , Ying Songmin , Choi Augustine M K , Shen Huahao , Chen Zhihua 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAirway epithelial cells are recognised as an essential controller for the initiation and perpetuation of asthmatic inflammation, yet the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the roles and mechanisms of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)–autophagy axis in airway epithelial injury in asthma.MethodsWe examined the MTOR–autophagy signalling in airway epithelium from asthmatic patients or allergic mice induced by ovalbumin or house dust mites, or in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Furthermore, mice with specific MTOR knockdown in airway epithelium and autophagy-related lc3b-/- mice were used for allergic models.ResultsMTOR activity was decreased, while autophagy was elevated, in airway epithelium from asthmatic patients or allergic mice, or in HBE cells treated with IL33 or IL13. These changes were associated with upstream tuberous sclerosis protein 2 signalling. Specific MTOR knockdown in mouse bronchial epithelium augmented, while LC3B deletion diminished allergen-induced airway inflammation and mucus hyperproduction. The worsened inflammation caused by MTOR deficiency was also ameliorated in lc3b-/- mice. Mechanistically, autophagy was induced later than the emergence of allergen-initiated inflammation, particularly IL33 expression. MTOR deficiency increased, while knocking out of LC3B abolished the production of IL25 and the eventual airway inflammation on allergen challenge. Blocking IL25 markedly attenuated the exacerbated airway inflammation in MTOR-deficiency mice.ConclusionCollectively, these results demonstrate that allergen-initiated inflammation suppresses MTOR and induces autophagy in airway epithelial cells, which results in the production of certain proallergic cytokines such as IL25, further promoting the type 2 response and eventually perpetuating airway inflammation in asthma.
Quando o estado de exceção se torna permanente
Authors: Souza Luís Antônio Francisco de , Serra Carlos Henrique Aguiar 
Published: October 2020

Pretende-se refletir sobre as mudanças recentes no cenário político e institucional do Brasil. A sociedade brasileira, historicamente, construiu uma estrutura sólida de distribuição desigual de poder e de riquezas. Em grande parte, esta estrutura só foi possível em razão de altos padrões de exploração do trabalho e de elevados níveis de desigualdade, refletidos num judiciário e numa polícia violentos e racistas. Uma das características marcantes do estado brasileiro é a militarização de suas forças policiais e a policialização de suas forças armadas. Este processo vem se acirrando nas últimas décadas. O cenário atual de militares terem assumido, pelo voto direto, o poder máximo da nação parece ser o ápice do processo de militarização, e seus efeitos ainda carecem de análise cuidadosa. A proposta deste artigo, portanto, é, fazendo uso da noção de estado de exceção de Giorgio Agamben (2004), mostrar que a militarização corresponde à normalização do militarismo, com suas consequências em termos de limitações de direitos e legitimação da violência do estado, notadamente da polícia. A base empírica para a análise é o modelo de ocupação de territórios e intervenção ostensiva no Rio de Janeiro, instaurado pela intervenção federal militar do ano de 2018. A intervenção, neste sentido, não apenas serviu de laboratório para medidas repressivas e violentas de segurança, como também foi um teste de legitimação da gestão militarizada da segurança pública, com seu componente de construção permanente de um inimigo a ser abatido, dentro da lógica da guerra e do confronto armado. Seguindo, assim, Michel Foucault (1999), a política está se convertendo, no Brasil contemporâneo, na extensão da guerra por meios altamente militarizados.
Imagens do futuro
Authors: Sanz Claudia Linhares , Pessoa Mirella 
Published: October 2020

Fenômeno histórico e global, o senso contemporâneo de futuro se afasta, em vários sentidos, daquele experimentado em outros (futuros) passados. Atuando como uma espécie de máquina na biopolítica dos possíveis, tem efeitos capilares no cotidiano do sujeito. Trata-se de uma hipervisibilidade do futuro em que imagens pretensamente precisas participam da instalação da antecipação como um programa geral necessário à cultura do risco. Nessa governamentalidade neoliberal, entretanto, nem todos os riscos previstos podem (ou devem) ser visíveis: um gradiente hermenêutico acerca desses riscos e “não riscos” instala-se na vida cotidiana. Realidade que enfraquece as coletividades e reduz o espectro do possível aos diagramas econômicos do capitalismo tardio.
The secular prophet of religious socialism
Authors: Löwy Michael 
Published: October 2020

There exists a German-Jewish cultural discourse from the early 20th century that stands in dynamic tension between spiritual and material, sacred and secular, beyond the usual static dichotomies. Several key Jewish thinkers have sought to recover spiritual meaning, in direct interaction with the profane. Under different ways they developed a process of simultaneous secularization and sacralization, in a sort of “dialectic” combination of both. The first common characteristic of these authors is their deep attachment to the German romantic culture, with its ambivalence towards modernity, and its desperate attempt at re-enchanting the world through a return to past spiritual forms. This article will demonstrate these relationships through the work of young Eric Fromm.
Demographic, Regional, and State‐Level Trends of Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis in United States, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Khan Safi U. , Kalra Ankur , Kapadia Samir R. , Khan Muhammad U. , Zia Khan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Mamas Mamas A. , Warraich Haider J. , Nasir Khurram , Michos Erin D. , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: October 2020

Background
Aortic stenosis–related mortality might vary across demographic subsets, regions, and states in the United States.

Methods and Results
We reviewed the death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research database to examine aortic stenosis–related mortality trends from 2008 to 2018. Crude and age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 people and annual percentage change with 95% CIs were calculated. Between 2008 and 2018, AAMR reduced from 12.7 to 11.5 (average annual percentage change, −1.0 [95% CI, −1.5 to −0.5]), because of an accelerated decline between 2015 and 2018 (annual percentage change, −4.4 [95% CI, −6.0 to −2.7]). Older (aged >85 years), male, and White patients had higher death rates than younger, female, and non‐White patients, respectively. Although mortality reduction was similar across sexes, significant mortality reduction was limited to White patients only. The AAMRs were higher in rural than urban areas. States with AAMRs >90th percentile were distributed in the West and the Northeast, and <10th percentile in the South. The AAMRs for sex and race were highest in the West and lowest in the South. None of the states located in the Midwest showed a significant reduction in mortality. Mortality remained stable for hospital setting and nursing home/long‐term care facility, except that the number of deaths increased at home and hospice facility since 2014.

Conclusions
The reduction in mortality in patients with aortic stenosis was not consistent among demographic subsets and states. The substantial public health and economic implications call for determination of underlying clinical and socioeconomic factors to narrow the gap.
Understanding Intermodel Variability in Future Projections of a Sahelian Storm Proxy and Southern Saharan Warming
Authors: Rowell David P. , Fitzpatrick Rory G. J. , Jackson Lawrence S. , Redmond Grace 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProjected changes in the intensity of severe rain events over the North African Sahel—falling from large mesoscale convective systems—cannot be directly assessed from global climate models due to their inadequate resolution and parameterization of convection. Instead, the large-scale atmospheric drivers of these storms must be analyzed. Here we study changes in meridional lower-tropospheric temperature gradient across the Sahel (ΔTGrad), which affect storm development via zonal vertical wind shear and Saharan air layer characteristics. Projected changes in ΔTGrad vary substantially among models, adversely affecting planning decisions that need to be resilient to adverse risks, such as increased flooding. This study seeks to understand the causes of these projection uncertainties and finds three key drivers. The first is intermodel variability in remote warming, which has strongest impact on the eastern Sahel, decaying toward the west. Second, and most important, a warming–advection–circulation feedback in a narrow band along the southern Sahara varies in strength between models. Third, variations in southern Saharan evaporative anomalies weakly affect ΔTGrad, although for an outlier model these are sufficiently substantive to reduce warming here to below that of the global mean. Together these uncertain mechanisms lead to uncertain southern Saharan/northern Sahelian warming, causing the bulk of large intermodel variations in ΔTGrad. In the southern Sahel, a local negative feedback limits the contribution to uncertainties in ΔTGrad. This new knowledge of ΔTGrad projection uncertainties provides understanding that can be used, in combination with further research, to constrain projections of severe Sahelian storm activity.
RepAHR: an improved approach for de novo repeat identification by assembly of the high-frequency reads
Authors: Liao Xingyu , Gao Xin , Zhang Xiankai , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Repetitive sequences account for a large proportion of eukaryotes genomes. Identification of repetitive sequences plays a significant role in many applications, such as structural variation detection and genome assembly. Many existing de novo repeat identification pipelines or tools make use of assembly of the high-frequency k-mers to obtain repeats. However, a certain degree of sequence coverage is required for assemblers to get the desired assemblies. On the other hand, assemblers cut the reads into shorter k-mers for assembly, which may destroy the structure of the repetitive regions. For the above reasons, it is difficult to obtain complete and accurate repetitive regions in the genome by using existing tools.

Results
In this study, we present a new method called RepAHR for de novo repeat identification by assembly of the high-frequency reads. Firstly, RepAHR scans next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads to find the high-frequency k-mers. Secondly, RepAHR filters the high-frequency reads from whole NGS reads according to certain rules based on the high-frequency k-mer. Finally, the high-frequency reads are assembled to generate repeats by using SPAdes, which is considered as an outstanding genome assembler with NGS sequences.

Conlusions
We test RepAHR on five data sets, and the experimental results show that RepAHR outperforms RepARK and REPdenovo for detecting repeats in terms of N50, reference alignment ratio, coverage ratio of reference, mask ratio of Repbase and some other metrics.
Older individuals’ views on their personal screening results for complex health problems: a qualitative study
Authors: van Blijswijk Sophie C. E. , van Tol Lisa S. , Blom Jeanet W. , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Providing older persons with information about their health status may increase their involvement in their own health and enhance self-management. However, we need a better understanding of how older persons view their personal results after completing a screening questionnaire on complex health, of their (lack of) motivation and their subsequent action.

Methods
In this qualitative study community-dwelling older persons (≥80 years, n = 13) who completed a screening questionnaire on complex health problems were interviewed regarding their perception of the results, the actions they considered taking and their personal motivations. Data were analysed thematically (qualitative content analyses).

Results
Participants expressed interest in feedback, as an objective questionnaire might substantiate their own views regarding their personal health. They were mostly unsurprised by the results and/or had already taken precautions and were therefore not inclined to undertake additional action. They admitted difficulty with and appreciated advice from a professional regarding preparation of an action plan. Unexpected negative results would lead them to discuss matters with family and/or their general practitioner, provided they had a good relationship with their GP.

Conclusion
Older people were interested in direct feedback regarding their screening questionnaire results and in subsequent advice on possible additional measures. General practices could consider inviting older persons to complete a screening questionnaire and discuss activities and personal goals. This information could serve to better shape future interventions aimed at increasing self-management amongst older persons.
Spontaneous recanalization of occluded transplant renal artery: a rare case report
Authors: Dong Xiangjun , Wang Yingliang , Liang Huimin , Zheng Chuansheng , Zhao Hui , Hu Hong yao , Long Xi , Su Yangbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a serious vascular complication that occurs after renal transplantation and can result in hypertension, renal functional impairment, and graft loss. Endovascular treatment has become the first-line treatment for TRAS because of its low invasiveness and high success rate.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old female with end-stage renal disease of unknown cause received a living-donor kidney transplantation 10 months ago. Seven months after the transplantation, her blood pressure gradually deteriorated. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed bending and stenosis of the transplant renal artery, and the patient received endovascular treatment. A digital subtraction angiography revealed significant stenosis of 95% in the proximal transplant renal artery. The guidewire could not pass through the stenotic segment of the transplant renal artery even with repeated attempts by the surgeons; as a result, the transplant renal artery became occluded, and vasodilators were ineffective. After the operation, renal function gradually worsened, so she began to receive regular dialysis. Twenty-five days later, the patient’s urine volume was significantly higher than that before, and ultrasound showed that the proximal transplant renal artery was not completely occluded. A re-intervention was performed, and the stent was placed successfully in the stenotic segment. After the operation, renal function gradually recovered, and dialysis was no longer needed.

Conclusion
Patients with iatrogenic transplant renal artery occlusion may have the possibility of spontaneous recanalization, which can help prevent the need for re-transplantation.