bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual localizations of hydatid cysts: a rare case report from Syria
Authors: Douba Zain , Sinno Judy A , Jawish Haya , Hakim Nour , Mouselli Abdullah , Shihade Mohamad B , Abdullah Mohamed A , Alhames Samer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydatid disease (HD) is an infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus. It is commonly seen in South America, The Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa and China. Hydatid cysts usually affect the liver followed by the lungs. Involvement in other organs has been reported. However, in the majority of the cases, cysts are localized in one organ or one region. We report a rare case of a 36-year-old woman who presented to the hospital in Syria with long-standing history of non-specific abdominal pain. Computerized tomography showed several hydatid cysts in the liver, spleen, left lung, mediastinum (adjacent to the aortic arch), both breasts and above the right gluteal muscles.
Novel assessment of intestinal anastomotic perfusion using ICG SPY in a continuous flow LVAD patient
Authors: Kaufman Daniel , Sherwinter Danny , Kaleya Ron , Saunders Paul C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
HeartMate II left ventricular assist device (LVAD) assists heart failure patients by generating continuous flow via axial flow pump placed in the left ventricle. Little is known of the effect of continuous flow on intestinal anastomoses. This is the first case visually documenting altered perfusion patterns in patients with LVADs using indocyanine green (ICG). A 72-year-old male required a colon resection, for adenocarcinoma, following implantation of an LVAD. Perfusion of the anastomosis was evaluated using indocyanine. During the assessment, an unusual perfusion pattern was noticed. Normally, flow as measured by SPY is seen as an initial blush of contrast followed by a gradual, pulsatile increase in the progression of the indocyanine through the tissues. In this patient, instead of the usual initial blush, a continuous beam of ICG was seen to flow though the blood vessels. This novel perfusion pattern is consistent with flow generated from LVAD.
Non-Gaussianity in the weak lensing correlation function likelihood – implications for cosmological parameter biases
Authors: Lin Chien-Hao , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Eifler Tim , Pospisil Taylor , Mandelbaum Rachel , Lee Ann B , Singh Sukhdeep ,   (The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration)
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the significance of non-Gaussianity in the likelihood of weak lensing shear two-point correlation functions, detecting significantly non-zero skewness and kurtosis in 1D marginal distributions of shear two-point correlation functions in simulated weak lensing data. We examine the implications in the context of future surveys, in particular LSST, with derivations of how the non-Gaussianity scales with survey area. We show that there is no significant bias in 1D posteriors of Ωm and σ8 due to the non-Gaussian likelihood distributions of shear correlations functions using the mock data (100 deg2). We also present a systematic approach to constructing approximate multivariate likelihoods with 1D parametric functions by assuming independence or more flexible non-parametric multivariate methods after decorrelating the data points using principal component analysis (PCA). While the use of PCA does not modify the non-Gaussianity of the multivariate likelihood, we find empirically that the 1D marginal sampling distributions of the PCA components exhibit less skewness and kurtosis than the original shear correlation functions. Modelling the likelihood with marginal parametric functions based on the assumption of independence between PCA components thus gives a lower limit for the biases. We further demonstrate that the difference in cosmological parameter constraints between the multivariate Gaussian likelihood model and more complex non-Gaussian likelihood models would be even smaller for an LSST-like survey. In addition, the PCA approach automatically serves as a data compression method, enabling the retention of the majority of the cosmological information while reducing the dimensionality of the data vector by a factor of ∼5.
Separate Universe calibration of the dependence of halo bias on cosmic web anisotropy
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sujatha , Paranjape Aseem 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the Separate Universe technique to calibrate the dependence of linear and quadratic halo bias b1 and b2 on the local cosmic web environment of dark matter haloes. We do this by measuring the response of halo abundances at fixed mass and cosmic web tidal anisotropy α to an infinite wavelength initial perturbation. We augment our measurements with an analytical framework developed in earlier work that exploits the near-lognormal shape of the distribution of α and results in very high precision calibrations. We present convenient fitting functions for the dependence of b1 and b2 on α over a wide range of halo mass for redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. Our calibration of b2(α) is the first demonstration to date of the dependence of non-linear bias on the local web environment. Motivated by previous results that showed that α is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias for a number of halo properties beyond halo mass, we then extend our analytical framework to accommodate the dependence of b1 and b2 on any such secondary property that has, or can be monotonically transformed to have, a Gaussian distribution. We demonstrate this technique for the specific case of halo concentration, finding good agreement with previous results. Our calibrations will be useful for a variety of halo model analyses focusing on galaxy assembly bias, as well as analytical forecasts of the potential for using α as a segregating variable in multitracer analyses.
Square Kilometre Array Science Data Challenge 1: analysis and results
Authors: Bonaldi A , An T , Brüggen M , Burkutean S , Coelho B , Goodarzi H , Hartley P , Sandhu P K , Wu C , Yu L , Zhoolideh Haghighi M H , Antón S , Bagheri Z , Barbosa D , Barraca J P , Bartashevich D , Bergano M , Bonato M , Brand J , de Gasperin F , Giannetti A , Dodson R , Jain P , Jaiswal S , Lao B , Liu B , Liuzzo E , Lu Y , Lukic V , Maia D , Marchili N , Massardi M , Mohan P , Morgado J B , Panwar M , Prabhakar P , Ribeiro V A R M , Rygl K L J , Sabz Ali V , Saremi E , Schisano E , Sheikhnezami S , Vafaei Sadr A , Wong A , Wong O I 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
As the largest radio telescope in the world, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will lead the next generation of radio astronomy. The feats of engineering required to construct the telescope array will be matched only by the techniques developed to exploit the rich scientific value of the data. To drive forward the development of efficient and accurate analysis methods, we are designing a series of data challenges that will provide the scientific community with high-quality data sets for testing and evaluating new techniques. In this paper, we present a description and results from the first such Science Data Challenge 1 (SDC1). Based on SKA MID continuum simulated observations and covering three frequencies (560, 1400, and 9200 MHz) at three depths (8, 100, and 1000 h), SDC1 asked participants to apply source detection, characterization, and classification methods to simulated data. The challenge opened in 2018 November, with nine teams submitting results by the deadline of 2019 April. In this work, we analyse the results for eight of those teams, showcasing the variety of approaches that can be successfully used to find, characterize, and classify sources in a deep, crowded field. The results also demonstrate the importance of building domain knowledge and expertise on this kind of analysis to obtain the best performance. As high-resolution observations begin revealing the true complexity of the sky, one of the outstanding challenges emerging from this analysis is the ability to deal with highly resolved and complex sources as effectively as the unresolved source population.
Structured, relativistic jets driven by radiation
Authors: Coughlin Eric R , Begelman Mitchell C 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Relativistic jets, or highly collimated and fast-moving outflows, are endemic to many astrophysical phenomena. The jets produced by gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and tidal disruption events (TDEs) are accompanied by the accretion of material on to a black hole or neutron star, with the accretion rate exceeding the Eddington limit of the compact object by orders of magnitude. In such systems, radiation dominates the energy–momentum budget of the outflow, and the dynamical evolution of the jet is governed by the equations of radiation hydrodynamics. Here, we show that there are analytical solutions to the equations of radiation hydrodynamics in the viscous (i.e. diffusive) regime that describe structured, relativistic jets, which consist of a fast-moving, highly relativistic core surrounded by a slower moving, less relativistic sheath. In these solutions, the slower moving, outer sheath contains most of the mass, and the jet structure is mediated by local anisotropies in the radiation field. We show that, depending on the pressure and density profile of the ambient medium, the angular profile of the jet Lorentz factor is Gaussian or falls off even more steeply with angle. These solutions have implications for the nature of jet production and evolution in hyperaccreting systems, and demonstrate that such jets – and the corresponding jet structure – can be sustained entirely by radiative processes. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of jetted TDEs and short and long GRBs.
NIHAO – XXV. Convergence in the cusp-core transformation of cold dark matter haloes at high star formation thresholds
Authors: Dutton Aaron A , Buck Tobias , Macciò Andrea V , Dixon Keri L , Blank Marvin , Obreja Aura 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We use cosmological hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulations from the NIHAO project to investigate the response of cold dark matter (CDM) haloes to baryonic processes. Previous work has shown that the halo response is primarily a function of the ratio between galaxy stellar mass and total virial mass, and the density threshold above which gas is eligible to form stars, n[cm−3]. At low n all simulations in the literature agree that dwarf galaxy haloes are cuspy, but at high n ≳ 100 there is no consensus. We trace halo contraction in dwarf galaxies with n ≳ 100 reported in some previous simulations to insufficient spatial resolution. Provided the adopted star formation threshold is appropriate for the resolution of the simulation, we show that the halo response is remarkably stable for n ≳ 5, up to the highest star formation threshold that we test, n = 500. This free parameter can be calibrated using the observed clustering of young stars. Simulations with low thresholds n ≤ 1 predict clustering that is too weak, while simulations with high star formation thresholds n ≳ 5, are consistent with the observed clustering. Finally, we test the CDM predictions against the circular velocities of nearby dwarf galaxies. Low thresholds predict velocities that are too high, while simulations with n ∼ 10 provide a good match to the observations. We thus conclude that the CDM model provides a good description of the structure of galaxies on kpc scales provided the effects of baryons are properly captured.
tsRBase: a comprehensive database for expression and function of tsRNAs in multiple species
Authors: Zuo Yuanli , Zhu Lei , Guo Zhixin , Liu Wenrong , Zhang Jiting , Zeng Zhen , Wu Qingbin , Cheng Jian , Fu Xin , Jin Yang , Zhao Yun , Peng Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of novel small RNAs, ubiquitously present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It has been reported that tsRNAs exhibit spatiotemporal expression patterns and can function as regulatory molecules in many biological processes. Current tsRNA databases only cover limited organisms and ignore tsRNA functional characteristics. Thus, integrating more relevant tsRNA information is helpful for further exploration. Here, we present a tsRNA database, named tsRBase, which integrates the expression pattern and functional information of tsRNAs in multiple species. In tsRBase, we identified 121 942 tsRNAs by analyzing more than 14 000 publicly available small RNA-seq data covering 20 species. This database collects samples from different tissues/cell-lines, or under different treatments and genetic backgrounds, thus helps depict specific expression patterns of tsRNAs under different conditions. Importantly, to enrich our understanding of biological significance, we collected tsRNAs experimentally validated from published literatures, obtained protein-binding tsRNAs from CLIP/RIP-seq data, and identified targets of tsRNAs from CLASH and CLEAR-CLIP data. Taken together, tsRBase is the most comprehensive and systematic tsRNA repository, exhibiting all-inclusive information of tsRNAs from diverse data sources of multiple species. tsRBase is freely available at http://www.tsrbase.org.
Functional hydrogel coatings
Authors: Liu Junjie , Qu Shaoxing , Suo Zhigang , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydrogels—natural or synthetic polymer networks that swell in water—can be made mechanically, chemically and electrically compatible with living tissues. There has been intense research and development of hydrogels for medical applications since the invention of hydrogel contact lenses in 1960. More recently, functional hydrogel coatings with controlled thickness and tough adhesion have been achieved on various substrates. Hydrogel-coated substrates combine the advantages of hydrogels, such as lubricity, biocompatibility and anti-biofouling properties, with the advantages of substrates, such as stiffness, toughness and strength. In this review, we focus on three aspects of functional hydrogel coatings: (i) applications and functions enabled by hydrogel coatings, (ii) methods of coating various substrates with different functional hydrogels with tough adhesion, and (iii) tests to evaluate the adhesion between functional hydrogel coatings and substrates. Conclusions and outlook are given at the end of this review.
The Ethics of Tobacco Harm Reduction: An Analysis of E-Cigarette Availability From the Perspectives of Utilitarianism, Bioethics, and Public Health Ethics
Authors: Thomas Rebecca , Parker Lisa S , Shiffman Saul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMuch evidence suggests e-cigarettes are substantially less harmful than combustible cigarettes. Assuming this is true, we analyze the ethical case for a policy of e-cigarette availability (ECA) as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. ECA involves making e-cigarettes available to allow smokers to switch to them, and informing smokers of the lower risks of e-cigarettes vis-à-vis smoking. After suggesting that utilitarian/consequentialist considerations do not provide an adequate ethical analysis, we analyze ECA using two other ethical frameworks. First, ECA is supported by a public health ethics framework. ECA is a population-level intervention consistent with respecting individual autonomy by using the least restrictive means to accomplish public health goals, and it supports equity and justice. Second, ECA is supported by four principles that form a biomedical ethics framework. By reducing smokers’ health risks and not harming them, ECA fulfills principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Because ECA allows smokers to make informed health decisions for themselves, it fulfills the principle requiring respect for persons and their autonomy. Here, we consider whether nicotine addiction and thus ECA undermine autonomy, and also discuss the ethical warrant for special protections for youth. Finally, ECA can also advance justice by providing a harm reduction alternative for disadvantaged groups that disproportionately bear the devastating consequences of smoking. Policies of differential taxation of cigarettes and e-cigarettes can facilitate adoption of less harmful alternatives by those economically disadvantaged. We conclude that public health and biomedical ethics frameworks are mutually reinforcing and supportive of ECA as a tobacco harm reduction strategy.Implications: Making e-cigarettes and information about them available is supported as ethical from multiple ethical perspectives.
Predictors of Cigarette Smoking, Smokeless Tobacco Consumption, and Use of both forms in Adolescents in South Asia: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys
Authors: Mishu Masuma Pervin , Siddiqui Faraz , Shukla Radha , Kanaan Mona , Dogar Omara , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco uptake in adolescents is associated with a range of predictors. We examined the predictors of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption, and use of both ST and cigarettes among adolescents in four South Asian countries.

Methods
We analyzed the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) data for Bangladesh (2013), India (2009), Pakistan (2013), and Sri Lanka (2015), using multinomial regression to examine associations between several predictors and tobacco use.

Results
Data from 23 681 adolescents were analyzed. Overall, 82.8% of the study population were between 13 and 15 years and 52.7% were girls, 2% were cigarette smokers, 6.5% were ST users, and 1.1% used both ST and cigarettes, in the past 30 days. Exposure to smoking in public places was associated with past 30-day smoking (relative risk ratio [RRR] 5.59, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 4.28–7.28), ST use (RRR 2.07, 95% CI 1.84–2.32), and use of both ST and cigarettes (RRR 11.42, 95% CI 7.44–17.54). Exposure to tobacco use in electronic media and being offered free tobacco products were associated with all forms of tobacco use. Shopkeepers’ refusal to sell cigarettes protected adolescents from smoking (RRR 0.47, 95% CI 0.36–0.63) and ST use (RRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.95). However, exposure to antitobacco mass media messages was not protective for any form of tobacco use. Adolescents taught at school about harmful effects of tobacco were less likely to use ST; no evidence of this association was observed for smoking.

Conclusion
The associations between tobacco use and protobacco factors were strong, but the associations with antitobacco factors lacked strength and consistency in this study population.

Implications
The predictors of adolescents using different tobacco products, crucial to inform and evaluate tobacco control efforts, are poorly understood. We investigated the associations between several environmental-level factors and cigarette smoking, ST consumption, and use of both forms among adolescents, whereas most of the previous studies focused on individual-level factors. Our study found strong associations between tobacco use and protobacco factors and lack of strength and consistency in associations between antitobacco factors and tobacco use in the study population. Our results indicate that the current tobacco control policies need strengthening to curb the tobacco epidemic in these countries.
Genetic incompatibilities and reduced transmission in chickens may limit the evolution of reassortants between H9N2 and panzootic H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza virus showing high virulence for mammals
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed , Blaurock Claudia , Scheibner David , Müller Christin , Blohm Ulrike , Schäfer Alexander , Gischke Marcel , Salaheldin Ahmed H , Nooh Hanaa Z , Ali Mohamed A , Breithaupt Angele , Mettenleiter Thomas C , Pleschka Stephan , Abdelwhab Elsayed M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented spread of H5N8- and H9N2-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in birds across Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America poses a serious public health threat with a permanent risk of reassortment and the possible emergence of novel virus variants with high virulence in mammals. To gain information on this risk, we studied the potential for reassortment between two contemporary H9N2 and H5N8 viruses. While the replacement of the PB2, PA, and NS genes of highly pathogenic H5N8 by homologous segments from H9N2 produced infectious H5N8 progeny, PB1 and NP of H9N2 were not able to replace the respective segments from H5N8 due to residues outside the packaging region. Furthermore, exchange of the PB2, PA, and NS segments of H5N8 by those of H9N2 increased replication, polymerase activity and interferon antagonism of the H5N8 reassortants in human cells. Notably, H5N8 reassortants carrying the H9N2-subtype PB2 segment and to lesser extent the PA or NS segments showed remarkably increased virulence in mice as indicated by rapid onset of mortality, reduced mean time to death and increased body weight loss. Simultaneously, we observed that in chickens the H5N8 reassortants, particularly with the H9N2 NS segment, demonstrated significantly reduced transmission to co-housed chickens. Together, while the limited capacity for reassortment between co-circulating H9N2 and H5N8 viruses and the reduced bird-to-bird transmission of possible H5N8 reassortants in chickens may limit the evolution of such reassortant viruses, they show a higher replication potential in human cells and increased virulence in mammals.
Vaginal energy-based devices: characterization of adverse events based on the last decade of MAUDE safety reports
Authors: Wallace Shannon L. , Sokol Eric R. , Enemchukwu Ekene A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
Energy-based devices have gained momentum as minimally invasive procedures to treat both medical and cosmetic pelvic floor disorders including genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal laxity, stress urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, and vulvar disorders such as lichen diseases and vestibulitis. However, the FDA recently issued a statement cautioning patients and providers that the safety and efficacy of energy-based devices for the treatment of vaginal symptoms has not been well established. Additionally, the FDA sent letters to the manufactures of energy-based devices with notifications that they could be violating the marketing standards of the FDA. The existing data on side effects is insufficient and limited to observational studies. We sought to characterize the safety events of vaginal energy-based devices by analysis of surveillance data from the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database and specifically look at those events that occurred prior to the July 30, 2018 warning.

Methods:
The MAUDE database was queried between September 30, 2013 and October 31, 2019 for all vaginal energy-based devices. The incidence of safety events was reported for these devices and the most common complaints were described and characterized. Event reporting was analyzed before and after July 30, 2018.

Results:
Forty-two unique and relevant medical device reports (MDRs) were retrieved. The Mona Lisa Touch had the highest number of MDRs (40.5%) followed by ThermiVa (16.7%) and Viveve (14.2%). Each medical device report was associated with a single patient experience and within the 42 medical device reports, there were 85 complaints. A majority of the MDR complaints (52.9%) were also indications for energy-based devices procedures, which include vaginal pain, dyspareunia, lichen sclerosis, and urinary frequency. Two-thirds of the complaints (68.2%) were related to pain, but serious adverse events such as third-degree burns (3.5%) were rare. Most of the reportable events occurred before July 30, 2018 (83.3%), but most were reported after July 30, 2018 (78.6%).

Conclusions:
MAUDE-reported data suggests that the majority of patient complaints after vaginal energy-based device treatment include vaginal pain, bladder pain, and urinary symptoms. This study suggests that the majority of complaints are not severe, and some may be related to progression of the disease. The few severe adverse events reported in the MAUDE database may have contributed to the FDA warning regarding energy-based devices. Recall bias after the FDA warning, as well as the potential for litigation, may have prompted an increase in adverse event reporting after July 30, 2018.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A650.