bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the mixture of mulberry leaf powder and KGM flour on promoting calcium absorption and bone mineral density in vivo
Authors: Deng Liling , Liu Dan , Zhang Qi , Luo Jinhua , Zhong Geng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this paper, mulberry leaf powder (MLP) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) flour were used as raw materials, and animal experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of MLP and KGM on bone density. The femoral bone microstructure of mice and pathological changes were observed by using micro‐computed tomography) and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining methods, respectively. A three‐point bending test was used to determine the biomechanical properties of the femur.RESULTSResults indicated that the calcium content of MLP was high, reaching 16 148.5 mg kg−1, and the total proportion of water‐soluble calcium, calcium pectinate, and calcium carbonate accounted for about 60% of the total calcium content. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was significantly lower, and serum calcium content was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the MLP + KGM group (KM) than in the low‐calcium control group, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for serum phosphorus content. KM had a longer femur length, a higher bone mineral density (BMD) (P > 0.05), and significantly greater femur diameter, dry weight, index and bone calcium content (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were not significantly different from those of the calcium carbonate control group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the MLP/KGM mixture can reduce the high rate of bone turnover and the corresponding loss of bone mass caused by calcium deficiency and is thus effective in enhancing bone density. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of handling effects on the permeability of preforms
Authors: Rolbiecki M. , Thoben K.‐D. , Richrath M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHandling manipulations during the process chain of dry fibre preforms starting with the production of semi‐finished products, throughout the transport and storage until the build‐up, lead to mechanical stress on the textile structure. The knowledge of the relation between the stress in preforms caused by handling processes and their effect on the quality of the subsequent composite product could be of great importance for the development of automated solutions. The reduction of permissible requirements in the handling of textiles would lead to significantly simpler and thus more cost‐effective automation solutions. Using effects of defects methodology, impacts on preforms due to handling processes and the resulting permeability will be investigated. The analysis of the preforming process chain shows various visible effects as a result of handling and storage loads on textiles. One representative effect is a spherical shaped buckling within handled textile layers. Therefore the buckling will be used as a representative imperfection in this analysis. To create measurable imperfections textile samples will be impacted with a defined and reproducible load. Followed by the measurement of permeability during vacuum infusion of imperfect textile samples the relation between handling effects and the quality of preforms will be shown. In der Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Vorformen werden textile Halbzeuge durch zahlreiche Handhabungsprozesse belastet. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist hierbei die mechanische Beanspruchung der textilen Halbzeuge bei deren Handhabung und Lagerung während des Prozesses zur Herstellung der Vorform.
In situ solid‐state NMR characterization of pharmaceutical materials: An example of drug‐polymer thermal mixing
Authors: Yin Jinglin , Huang Chengbin , Guan Hanxi , Pang Zhenfeng , Su Yongchao , Kong Xueqian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions, a multicomponent system prepared by dispersing drug substances into polymeric matrix via thermal and mechanical processes, represent a major platform to deliver the poorly water‐soluble drug. Microscopic properties of drug‐polymer contacts play mechanistic roles in manipulating long‐term physical stability as well as dissolution profiles. Although solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance has been utilized as an indispensable tool to probe structural details, previous studies are limited to ex situ characterizations. Our work provides likely the first documented example to investigate comelting of ketoconazole and polyacrylic acid, as a model system, in an in situ manner. Their physical mixture is melted and mixed in the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance rotor under magic angle spinning at up to approximately 400 K. Critical structural events of molecular miscibility and interaction have been successfully identified. These results design and evaluate the instrumental and experimental protocols for real‐time characterizations of the comelting of pharmaceutical materials.
First in‐vivo human imaging at 10.5T: Imaging the body at 447 MHz
Authors: He Xiaoxuan , Ertürk M. Arcan , Grant Andrea , Wu Xiaoping , Lagore Russell L. , DelaBarre Lance , Eryaman Yiğitcan , Adriany Gregor , Auerbach Eddie J. , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Uğurbil Kâmil , Metzger Gregory J. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of imaging the human torso and to evaluate the performance of several radiofrequency (RF) management strategies at 10.5T.MethodsHealthy volunteers were imaged on a 10.5T whole‐body scanner in multiple target anatomies, including the prostate, hip, kidney, liver, and heart. Phase‐only shimming and spoke pulses were used to demonstrate their performance in managing the inhomogeneity present at 447 MHz. Imaging protocols included both qualitative and quantitative acquisitions to show the feasibility of imaging with different contrasts.ResultsHigh‐quality images were acquired and demonstrated excellent overall contrast and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The experimental results matched well with predictions and suggested good translational capabilities of the RF management strategies previously developed at 7T. Phase‐only shimming provided increased efficiency, but showed pronounced limitations in homogeneity, demonstrating the need for the increased degrees of freedom made possible through single‐ and multispoke RF pulse design.ConclusionThe first in‐vivo human imaging was successfully performed at 10.5T using previously developed RF management strategies. Further improvement in RF coils, transmit chain, and full integration of parallel transmit functionality are needed to fully realize the benefits of 10.5T.
Long‐term real‐life adherence of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in over 400 patients
Authors: te Dorsthorst Manon J. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. , van Balken Michael R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is used as a treatment to reduce the complaints of overactive bladder (OAB). Although it is rewarding therapy patients need maintenance treatment to preserve the beneficial effect.AimThis real‐life retrospective study was performed to assess the feasibility of PTNS adherence.Materials & methodsAll patients who underwent PTNS were retrospectively included. We analyzed the following: indication, kind of treatments (pharmacologic and third‐line therapy) before and after PTNS treatment, time and reason for quitting therapy. Statistical analysis was done by performing competitive‐risk analysis and Kaplan‐Meier curves. Patients were categorized into four groups. Group 1: all patients; group 2: all patients on maintenance PTNS therapy (continuing after 12 weeks); group 3: patients on maintenance PTNS therapy excluding the following: (a) patients with initial good response who seized treatment due to death, (b) patient who successfully switched to transcutaneous stimulation, (c) patients who were cured of their OAB symptoms, or (d) patients who relocated; and group 4: group 3 but excluding those who stopped treatment because of nonmedical reasons (physical strain, inconveniencies associated with visiting the hospital).ResultsFour‐hundred two patients (70% female) with a median age of 70 years underwent PTNS. Underlying treatment indications were: OAB‐wet (54%) and OAB‐dry (29%). The median follow‐up (FU) of group 1 was 4 months. Fifty‐seven percent (N = 228) of the patients received maintenance PTNS therapy. Median FU in group 4 was 46 months (range, 3‐111 months). Over 40% of the maintenance patients stopped PTNS because of logistic reasons and physical strain during an FU time of 6 years.ConclusionThe real‐world data described here with is in line with earlier published work in terms of the success rate of OAB treatment. However, over 40% quit their therapy due to nonmedical reasons.
Radiation exposure during videourodynamic testing: Is dose reduction possible using a standardized protocol?
Authors: Hoffman Daniel , Sussman Rachael D. , Pape Dominique M. , Smilen Scott W. , Rosenblum Nirit , Nitti Victor W. , Brucker Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impact of a protocol for standardized image capture during video urodynamics (VUD) on radiation exposure. Secondly, to categorize radiation exposure by condition warranting VUD and to identify clinical variables that correlate with increased radiation exposure.MethodsOne hundred fifty patients underwent VUD using our standardized protocol. All images were taken using low dose and pulsed settings. Four images are captured: one scout image, one filling image, one voiding image, and one post‐void image. If the patient is unable to void with the catheter in place, the catheter is removed and a second image is taken during an attempt at unintubated flow. If vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is identified, an alternate protocol is entered to document parameters. The mean radiation exposure measured in dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time, and number of images were noted and compared with previously published fluoroscopy data collected at our institution before protocol implementation.ResultsThe mean fluoroscopy exposure after the implementation of our protocol was 273.5 mGy/cm2 taking 5.2 images in 4.5 seconds. Protocol implementation leads to a 51.2% reduction in radiation exposure calculated by mean DAP (P < .0001) and a 96.5% reduction in fluoroscopy time (P < .0001). The presence of VUR, fluoroscopy time, and body mass index (BMI) > 25 were associated with higher radiation exposure (P < .0001).ConclusionImplementation and adherence to a standardized protocol for fluoroscopy led to a reduction in radiation exposure fluoroscopy time. The presence of VUR, fluoroscopy time, and BMI > 25 were associated with higher radiation exposure.
Myelin water imaging and R2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter
Authors: Weber Alexander Mark , Zhang Yuting , Kames Christian , Rauscher Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractR2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram‐based analyses, angle‐resolved analysis of R2* has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R2* is intimately linked with fibre‐angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight‐channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32‐direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin‐averaged R2* variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R2* values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R2* range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre‐orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs.
Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film
Authors: Song Xiaoke , Wang Jun‐Peng , Song Yan , Qi Tao , Liang Li Guo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCamouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as‐synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain‐induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays.
Network structure of anticipatory pleasure and risk features: Evidence from a large college sample
Authors: Zhang Rui‐ting , Wang Yi , Yang Zhuo‐ya , Li Ying , Wang Yong‐ming , Cheung Eric F. C. , Shum David H. K. , Yang Tian‐Xiao , Barkus Emma J. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestigating the relationship between anticipatory pleasure deficits and risk features of mental disorders not only theoretically benefits the understanding of anhedonia, but could also facilitate early detection and intervention of mental disorders. Using network analysis, the present study examined the pattern of relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features of schizophrenia spectrum, depressive, anxiety, autism spectrum, and obsessive–compulsive disorders in a large sample of college students (n = 2152). It was found that interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits and poor social skills of autistic traits showed strong correlation with low social anticipatory pleasure. Depressive symptoms severity was weakly associated with reduced abstract anticipatory pleasure, while obsessive–compulsive traits were weakly associated with high contextual anticipatory pleasure. No significant correlation was found between anxiety symptoms severity and anticipatory pleasure. Social anticipatory pleasure had the highest strength centrality among all anticipatory pleasure components, while interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits had the highest strength centrality in the whole network. Our findings suggest that impaired anticipatory pleasure, especially social anticipatory pleasure, is a particular feature of schizotypal personality traits and autistic traits. Our findings may have implications for intervention in that the social component may be a target to improve anhedonia in individuals with schizotypal and autistic traits, while interpersonal features may be a key treatment target given that it was central to the relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features.
Design proportional‐integral‐derivative/proportional‐derivative controls for second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems
Authors: She Zhikun , Zhang Aijing , Lu Junjie , Hu Ruiqi , Sam Ge Shuzhi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBased on proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID)/PD controls, we in the article investigate the tracking problem of a class of second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems. To start with, for tracking a given point under arbitrary switching signals, we propose a sufficient condition about PID controller parameters, which can be implicitly described as semialgebraic sets. Successively, we consider the tracking problem under average dwell time (ADT)‐based switching signals and propose an alternative sufficient condition about PID controller parameters. Especially, for tracking an equilibrium point of the system without controls, we can further simply utilize the proportional‐derivative control and similarly construct corresponding semialgebraic conditions about proportional‐derivative controller parameters under arbitrary switching signals and ADT‐based switching signals. Finally, two examples are given to show the applicability of our theoretical results.
Greening in nostalgia? How nostalgic traveling enhances tourists' proenvironmental behaviour
Authors: Wu Zhongda , Chen Yu , Geng Liuna , Zhou Lei , Zhou Kexin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSustainable development has risen to hold a vital role in tourism research and practice, requiring a deep understanding of what factors could promote tourists' environmental behaviour. This research focuses on the sustainable development of tourism and aims to converge nostalgia, meaning in life, and the theory of planned behaviour to understand the factors influencing tourists' proenvironmental behaviour. A field study (n = 428) was conducted at a famous tourist destination in China. Structural equation modelling showed that nostalgia enhances tourists' proenvironmental behaviour through mediators including subjective attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and meaning in life. This research illuminates the importance of nostalgia in the sustainable development of tourism, suggesting that tourism managers could use nostalgic elements to design effective programmes or policies in environmental practices.
Electrochemical Sensors, a Bright Future in the Fabrication of Portable Kits in Analytical Systems
Authors: Karimi‐Maleh Hassan , Karimi Fatemeh , Alizadeh Marzieh , Sanati Afsaneh L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalysis of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds is an inevitable issue to evaluate quality of the compounds used in human life. Quality of drinking water, food products, and pharmaceutical compounds is directly associated with human health. Presence of forbidden additives in food products, toxic compounds in water samples and drugs with low quality lead to important problems for human health. Therefore, attention to analytical strategy for investigation of quality of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds and monitoring presence of forbidden compounds in materials used by humans has increased in recent years. Analytical methods help to identify and quantify both permissible and unauthorized compounds present in the materials used in human daily life. Among analytical methods, electrochemical methods have been shown to have more advantages compared to other analytical methods due to their portability and low cost. Most of big companies have applied this type of analytical methods because of their fast and selective analysis. Due to simple operation and high diversity of electroanalytical sensors, these types of sensors are expected to be the future generation of analytical systems. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have focused on designing and fabrication of electroanalytical sensors with good selectivity and high sensitivity for different types of compounds such as drugs, food, and environmental pollutants. In this paper, we described the mechanism and different examples of DNA, enzymatic and electro‐catalytic methods for electroanalytical determination of drug, food and environmental compounds.
Geospatial mapping and data linkage uncovers variability in outcomes of foot disease according to multiple deprivation: a population cohort study of people with diabetes
Authors: Hurst Joanne E. , Barn Ruth , Gibson Lesley , Innes Hamish , Bus Sicco A. , Kennon Brian , Wylie David , Woodburn James 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Our aim was to investigate the geospatial distribution of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), lower extremity amputation (LEA) and mortality rates in people with diabetes in small geographical areas with varying levels of multiple deprivation.

Methods
We undertook a population cohort study to extract the health records of 112,231 people with diabetes from the Scottish Care Information – Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-Diabetes) database. We linked this to health records to identify death, LEA and DFU events. These events were geospatially mapped using multiple deprivation maps for the geographical area of National Health Service (NHS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Tests of spatial autocorrelation and association were conducted to evaluate geographical variation and patterning, and the association between prevalence-adjusted outcome rates and multiple deprivation by quintile.

Results
Within our health board region, people with diabetes had crude prevalence-adjusted rates for DFU of 4.6% and for LEA of 1.3%, and an incidence rate of mortality preceded by either a DFU or LEA of 10.5 per 10,000 per year. Spatial autocorrelation identified statistically significant hot spot (high prevalence) and cold spot (low prevalence) clusters for all outcomes. Small-area maps effectively displayed near neighbour clustering across the health board geography. Disproportionately high numbers of hot spots within the most deprived quintile for DFU (p < 0.001), LEA (p < 0.001) and mortality (p < 0.001) rates were found. Conversely, a disproportionately higher number of cold spots was found within the least deprived quintile for LEA (p < 0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation
In people with diabetes, DFU, LEA and mortality rates are associated with multiple deprivation and form geographical neighbourhood clusters.