bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Emacs Lisp
Authors: Monnier Stefan , Sperber Michael 
Published: June 2020

While Emacs proponents largely agree that it is the world’s greatest text editor, it is almost as much a Lisp machine disguised as an editor. Indeed, one of its chief appeals is that it is
programmable
via its own programming language. Emacs Lisp is a Lisp in the classic tradition. In this article, we present the history of this language over its more than 30 years of evolution. Its core has remained remarkably stable since its inception in 1985, in large part to preserve compatibility with the many third-party packages providing a multitude of extensions. Still, Emacs Lisp has evolved and continues to do so.

Important aspects of Emacs Lisp have been shaped by concrete requirements of the editor it supports as well as implementation constraints. These requirements led to the choice of a Lisp dialect as Emacs’s language in the first place, specifically its simplicity and dynamic nature: Loading additional Emacs packages or changing the ones in place occurs frequently, and having to restart the editor in order to re-compile or re-link the code would be unacceptable. Fulfilling this requirement in a more static language would have been difficult at best.
One of Lisp’s chief characteristics is its malleability through its uniform syntax and the use of macros. This has allowed the language to evolve much more rapidly and substantively than the evolution of its core would suggest, by letting Emacs packages provide new surface syntax alongside new functions. In particular, Emacs Lisp can be customized to look much like Common Lisp, and additional packages provide multiple-dispatch object systems, legible regular expressions, programmable pattern-matching constructs, generalized variables, and more. Still, the core has also evolved, albeit slowly. Most notably, it acquired support for lexical scoping.
The timeline of Emacs Lisp development is closely tied to the projects and people who have shaped it over the years: We document Emacs Lisp history through its predecessors, Mocklisp and MacLisp, its early development up to the “Emacs schism” and the fork of Lucid Emacs, the development of XEmacs, and the subsequent rennaissance of Emacs development.
Immunotargeting of the xCT Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter Potentiates the Efficacy of HER2-Targeted Immunotherapies in Breast Cancer
Authors: Conti Laura , Bolli Elisabetta , Di Lorenzo Antonino , Franceschi Valentina , Macchi Francesca , Riccardo Federica , Ruiu Roberto , Russo Luca , Quaglino Elena , Donofrio Gaetano , Cavallo Federica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite HER2-targeted therapies improving the outcome of HER2+ breast cancer, many patients experience resistance and metastatic progression. Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a role in this resistance and progression, thus combining HER2 targeting with CSC inhibition could improve the management of HER2+ breast cancer. The cystine–glutamate antiporter, xCT, is overexpressed in mammary CSCs and is crucial for their redox balance, self-renewal, and resistance to therapies, representing a potential target for breast cancer immunotherapy. We developed a combined immunotherapy targeting HER2 and xCT using the Bovine Herpes virus-4 vector, a safe vaccine that can confer immunogenicity to tumor antigens. Mammary cancer–prone BALB-neuT mice, transgenic for rat Her2, were immunized with the single or combined vaccines. Anti-HER2 vaccination slowed primary tumor growth, whereas anti-xCT vaccination primarily prevented metastasis formation. The combination of the two vaccines exerted a complementary effect by mediating the induction of cytotoxic T cells and of HER2 and xCT antibodies that induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and hinder cancer cell proliferation. Antibodies targeting xCT, but not those targeting HER2, directly affected CSC viability, self-renewal, and migration, inducing the antimetastatic effect of xCT vaccination. Our findings present a new therapy for HER2+ breast cancer, demonstrating that CSC immunotargeting via anti-xCT vaccination synergizes with HER2-directed immunotherapy.
Event-Free Survival Following Successful Percutaneous Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Depends on Microvascular Perfusion
Authors: Xie Feng , Qian Lijun , Goldsweig Andrew , Xu Di , Porter Thomas R. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Although small trials have detected microvascular obstruction (MVO) with variable frequency following restoration of epicardial blood flow, the independent impact of abnormal microvascular perfusion (MVP) in predicting patient outcome following emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is unknown. The study aims to determine the impact of abnormal MVP following successful epicardial recanalization in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:
MVP was analyzed by low mechanical index ultrasound imaging within 48 hours of emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in 297 patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who had restoration of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow in the infarct vessel. Patients were divided into normal segmental replenishment (normal MVP) after high mechanical index impulses versus delayed replenishment but normal plateau intensity (delayed MVP) and both delayed replenishment and reduced plateau intensity (MVO by definition). Demographic variables, left ventricular ejection fraction change, and 5-year follow-up of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure were analyzed.

Results:

MVO was seen in 115 patients (39%), delayed MVP in 124 (42%), and normal MVP in 58 patients (19%). Patients with MVO had significant lower left ventricular ejection fraction change (39±12%) at hospital discharge compared with delayed MVP (50±10%;
P
=0.003) and normal MVP (57±8%;
P
<0.0001) groups. The MVO group also did not have an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction change at 3-month follow-up (36±12% versus 37±13%;
P
=0.18). Both delayed MVP and MVO were independent predictors of adverse events at follow-up (hazard ratio, 21 [CI, 4–116];
P
=0.001 and hazard ratio, 30 [CI, 5–183];
P
<0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Reduced or absent MVP following successful percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is common and associated with significantly worse outcome even with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 3 flow in the infarct vessel.
Decrease in Hospital Admissions for Transient Ischemic Attack, Mild, and Moderate Stroke During the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Diegoli Henrique , Magalhães Pedro S.C. , Martins Sheila C.O. , Moro Carla H.C. , França Paulo H.C. , Safanelli Juliana , Nagel Vivian , Venancio Vanessa G. , Liberato Rafaela B. , Longo Alexandre L. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, doctors and public authorities have demonstrated concern about the reduction in quality of care for other health conditions due to social restrictions and lack of resources. Using a population-based stroke registry, we investigated the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in stroke admissions in Joinville, Brazil.

Methods:
Patients admitted after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions in the city (defined as March 17, 2020) were compared with those admitted in 2019. We analyzed differences between stroke incidence, types, severity, reperfusion therapies, and time from stroke onset to admission. Statistical tests were also performed to compare the 30 days before and after COVID-19 to the same period in 2019.

Results:

We observed a decrease in total stroke admissions from an average of 12.9/100 000 per month in 2019 to 8.3 after COVID-19 (
P
=0.0029). When compared with the same period in 2019, there was a 36.4% reduction in stroke admissions. There was no difference in admissions for severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >8), intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions:
The onset of COVID-19 was correlated with a reduction in admissions for transient, mild, and moderate strokes. Given the need to prevent the worsening of symptoms and the occurrence of medical complications in these groups, a reorganization of the stroke-care networks is necessary to reduce collateral damage caused by COVID-19.
Examining the Neural Basis of Congruent and Incongruent Configural Contexts during Associative Retrieval
Authors: Gerver Courtney R. , Overman Amy A. , Babu Harini J. , Hultman Chloe E. , Dennis Nancy A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Disrupting the configural context, or relative organization and orientation of paired stimuli, between encoding and retrieval negatively impacts memory. Using univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses, we examined the effect of retaining and manipulating the configural context on neural mechanisms supporting associative retrieval. Behavioral results showed participants had significantly higher hit rates for recollecting pairs in a contextually congruent, versus incongruent, configuration. In addition, contextual congruency between memory phases was a critical determinant to characterizing both the magnitude and patterns of neural activation within visual and parietal cortices. Regions within visual cortices also exhibited higher correlations between patterns of activity at encoding and retrieval when configural context was congruent across memory phases than incongruent. Collectively, these findings shed light on how manipulating configural context between encoding and retrieval affects associative recognition, with changes in the configural context leading to reductions in information transfer and increases in task difficulty.
Does longitudinal or transverse orientation of the ultrasound probe improve cannulation success in minimally invasive venous surgery: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aherne Thomas M , Zafar Adeel S , Gourlay Daniel , O'Neill Damien C , Bashar Khalid , Yap Charyl JQ , Tang Tjun Y , Walsh Stewart R 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study evaluates the effect of transverse and longitudinal ultrasound transducer orientation on saphenous vein cannulation during endovenous ablation. Methods A single-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial was performed in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided venous cannulation for saphenous ablation. The primary outcomes were overall cannulation success and time to successful cannulation. Results In total, 100 patients were assigned to parallel longitudinal orientation and transverse orientation groups. Cannulation success was 100%. There was no significant variation in time to cannulation detected between the transverse orientation and longitudinal orientation (85 s vs. 71 s, p = 0.314). Longitudinal orientation was associated with significantly fewer needle passes [median 3 (interquartile range 1–5) vs. 2 (interquartile range 1–3), p = 0.026] and less pain (median visual analogue scale score 1 vs. 2.5, p = 0.039) than those in the transverse orientation group. Conclusion This trial has shown that while longitudinal orientation is associated with less procedural pain it has no significant effect on time to target vein cannulation during endovenous ablation.
Resistance training in stroke rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Veldema Jitka , Jansen Petra 
Published: June 2020

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of resistance training in supporting the recovery in stroke patients. Data sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the PEDro databases were reviewed up to 30 April 2020. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials were included, who compared: (i) resistance training with no intervention, (ii) resistance training with other interventions and (iii) different resistance training protocols in stroke rehabilitation. Results: Overall 30 trials ( n = 1051) were enrolled. The parameters evaluated were: (1) gait, (2) muscular force and motor function, (3) mobility, balance and postural control, (4) health related quality of life, independence and reintegration, (5) spasticity and hypertonia, (6) cardiorespiratory fitness, (7) cognitive abilities and emotional state and (8) other health-relevant physiological indicators. The data indicates that: (i) resistance training is beneficial for the majority of parameters observed, (ii) resistance training is superior to other therapies on muscular force and motor function of lower and upper limbs, health related quality of life, independence and reintegration and other health-relevant physiological indicators, not significantly different from other therapies on walking ability, mobility balance and postural control and spasticity and hypertonia, and inferior to ergometer training on cardiorespiratory fitness and (iii) the type of resistance training protocol significantly impacts its effect; leg press is more efficient than knee extension and high intensity training is superior than low intensity training. Conclusion: Current data indicates that resistance training may be beneficial in supporting the recovery of stroke patients. However, the current evidence is insufficient for evidence-based rehabilitation.
The switch from Gd-DTPA to Gd-DOTA is not associated with decrease of the T1 signal intensity of the pallidus and dentate in a pediatric population
Authors: Gulino Pietro , Bianchi Andrea , Diciotti Stefano , Scionti Alessandra , Sali Lapo , Papadopulos Paulo , Mascalchi Mario 
Published: June 2020

Background The switch from the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd_DTPA) to the macrocyclic GBCA gadobutrol is associated with a decrease of the T1 signal intensity (SI) in brain gray matter nuclei. The effects of the switch to other macrocyclic GBCAs are not yet established. Purpose To explore the effects of switching from Gd-DTPA to the macrocyclic GBCA gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA) in pediatric patients. Material and Methods We measured the pallidus/middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) SI ratio and the dentate/MCP SI ratio in pre-contrast sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images in nine patients who had received ≥6 administrations of Gd-DTPA and then of Gd-DOTA, in 18 patients who had received ≥6 administrations of Gd-DOTA alone, and in nine age-matched controls without prior GBCA administrations. Serial assessment was performed in patients who switched from Gd-DTPA to Gd-DOTA. Finally, the rate of change of pallidal/MCP and dentate/MCP SI ratios between the first and last Gd-DOTA administrations was compared. Results The pallidal/MCP and dentate/MCP SI ratios were ( P < 0.05) higher in patients with prior Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA administrations compared to the controls. After the switch, the pallidal/MCP SI ratio increased in nine patients and the dentate/MCP ratio in seven patients. The rate of change of pallidal/MCP SI ratio after Gd-DOTA was higher ( P < 0.01) in patients who had previously received Gd-DTPA (mean 2.89 ± 2.6%) than in patients who had received Gd-DOTA alone (mean 0.53 ± 0.89%). Conclusion T1 SI in gray matter nuclei does not decrease after switching from Gd-DTPA to Gd-DOTA. The switch effects from Gd-DTPA to each macrocyclic GBCA should be individually evaluated.
Usefulness of postoperative serum translocator protein as a predictive marker for delirium after breast cancer surgery in elderly women
Authors: Lu Guo-Wen , Chou Yi-Er , Jin Wan-Ling , Su Xiao-Bao 
Published: June 2020

Objective Postoperative delirium (POD) has rarely been investigated in breast cancer patients. Herein, we assessed the association between serum levels of the inflammatory biomarker translocator protein (TP) and the occurrence of POD in breast cancer patients. Methods In this prospective, observational study, TP levels were detected in preoperative and postoperative serum samples from 152 elderly breast cancer patients, samples from 152 healthy elderly women, and samples from 152 elderly women with benign breast diseases. The relationship between serum TP levels and POD was investigated using multivariate analysis. Results TP levels in postoperative patient serum samples were significantly higher than in preoperative patient serum samples and serum from women in the two control groups. Postoperative serum TP levels were independently correlated with serum C-reactive protein levels and the occurrence of POD. Postoperative serum TP levels had a high discriminatory ability for POD under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusions Increased postoperative serum TP levels are independently associated with the degree of inflammatory response and the risk of POD in elderly breast cancer patients, substantializing TP as an inflammatory biomarker that can efficiently discriminate POD after breast cancer surgery.
Measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone concentration 1 day after total thyroidectomy to assess risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Cai Shuyan , Song Huimin , Wang Yunlei , Han Xiaofeng , Han Gang , Wu Haoliang , Gao Zhigang 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study was performed to assess the clinical value of measuring the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration 1 day after total thyroidectomy to estimate the occurrence of permanent hypoparathyroidism (pHPP). Methods Data of 546 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from February 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Calcium and iPTH concentrations were collected preoperatively and at 1 day and 6 months postoperatively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between clinical indexes and postoperative pHPP. Results Of the 546 patients, 22 (4.03%) developed pHPP. Multivariate analysis showed that the iPTH and serum calcium concentrations measured 1 day after surgery were independent predictors of the risk of pHPP. An iPTH concentration of 5.51 pg/mL measured 1 day postoperatively was used as the cut-off value, and the area under the curve was 0.956. The risk of pHPP was identified with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 85.1%, positive predictive value of 22%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions The iPTH concentration measured 1 day after total thyroidectomy is closely related to the occurrence of pHPP postoperatively and is an independent predictive risk factor. The postoperative iPTH concentration can be helpful in identifying patients at risk for developing pHPP.
Clinicopathological features of isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients
Authors: Wu Huan-Huan , Chen Yan-Xiao , Fang Shuang-Yan 
Published: June 2020

Objective To analyse the clinicopathological features of isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. Methods This retrospective study analysed the following data from HIV-negative patients diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis: demographics, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations on admission, laboratory tests, imaging data, results of histopathology, treatment options and outcomes. Sputum samples from all patients were collected and assessed for the presence of yeast or fungi. Cryptococcal antigen testing was performed for some patients. Histopathological analysis was also undertaken for some samples of lung tissue. Results The study analysed 37 patients (22 males). Thirteen (35.14%) patients were asymptomatic, 24 (64.86%) were symptomatic and 17 (45.95%) patients had no underlying disease. Out of 25 tested patients, 23 (92.00%) tested positive on the serum cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen test. During 6 to 24 months of follow-up, all 37 patients that were either treated with or without antifungal therapy alone or combined with surgical resection showed complete recovery. One patient made a full recovery without any treatment. Conclusion Early identification of pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients and timely detection of cryptococcal antigens in serum or respiratory specimens may help to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease.
Bioinformatics analysis of the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cai Xueying , Lin Lixuan , Zhang Qiuhua , Wu Weixin , Su An 
Published: June 2020

Objective Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancers, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is valuable to explore the pathogenesis of NSCLC to improve diagnosis and identify novel treatment biomarkers. Methods Circular (circ)RNA, micro (mi)RNA, and gene expression datasets of NSCLC were analyzed to identify those that were differentially expressed between tumor and healthy tissues. Common genes were found and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Survival analysis was used to identify hub genes, and their level of methylation and association with immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Finally, an NSCLC circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed. Results Eight miRNAs and 211 common genes were identified. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that cell projection morphogenesis, blood vessel morphogenesis, muscle cell proliferation, and synapse organization were enriched. Ten hub genes were found, of which the expression of DTL and RRM2 was significantly related to NSCLC patient prognosis. Significant methylation changes and immune cell infiltration correlations with DTL and RRM2 were also detected. Conclusions hsa_circ_0001947/hsa-miR-637/RRM2 and hsa_circ_0072305/hsa-miR-127-5p/DTL networks were constructed, and identified molecules may be involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
Clinical outcomes of epidural and intradural decompression for treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Jiao Genlong , Li Zhizhong , Zhou Pan , Yang Jinpei , Li Xueshi 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study was performed to examine the clinical outcomes of epidural and intradural decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Methods The data for 13 patients who underwent epidural and intradural decompression for treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy (study group) and 20 patients who underwent only cervical laminoplasty, fusion, and epidural decompression (historical control group) were retrospectively reviewed. The preoperative and postoperative neurological status was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Results All patients’ neurological symptoms were significantly improved at the final follow-up. In the study group, the patients’ mean preoperative JOA score was 8.07 ± 1.80, and the final score improved by 70.88% ± 21.18%. The blood loss and operation time were significantly greater in the study group than control group. The recovery time was shorter in the study group than control group. The improvement rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions A pia mater incision with separation of the arachnoid adhesion can significantly improve the cerebrospinal fluid flow and spinal blood flow in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Arachnoid adhesion can lead to intradural spinal scar compression. The surgical intervention described herein can achieve satisfactory neurological outcomes and shorten the recovery time.