bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of combined renal denervation and pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mujer Mark Terence , Al‐Abcha Abdullah , Saleh Yehia , Nerusu Lakshmi Akhila , Boumegouas Manel , Herzallah Khader , Chen Kai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension is the most common risk factor associated with AF. The addition of renal sympathetic nerve denervation (RSDN) to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in AF patients with hypertension has been reported to improve clinical outcomes.MethodsA systematic search was performed for studies on patients with AF and hypertension that compared RSDN with PVI versus PVI‐alone. Risk ratio (RR) for categorical variables and mean difference (MD) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals were used.ResultsSeven studies with a total of 734 patients were included. A total of 340 patients were in the RSDN + PVI group (46.32%) and 394 (53.67%) in the PVI group. A total of 608 patients had paroxysmal AF (83%) while 126 patients had persistent AF (17%). At 12 months follow‐up, RSDN + PVI decreased the overall risk of AF recurrence in hypertensive patients with RR 0.60 [95% CI 0.50‐0.72, P < .00001]. A subgroup analysis performed in patients with drug‐resistant hypertension showed a similar reduction in AF recurrence with RR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.47‐0.79, P = .0002). Procedure duration MD + 28.05 min [95% CI: 18.88‐37.23, P < .00001] and fluoroscopy duration MD + 5.59 min [95% CI: 3.31‐8.19, P < .00001] were significantly longer with the RSDN + PVI group. There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.ConclusionThe addition of RSDN to PVI in patients with AF and hypertension appears safe and decreases AF recurrence. Similar results were observed in patients with drug‐resistant hypertension. Larger trials are needed to confirm these results.
Initial posaconazole dosing to achieve therapeutic serum posaconazole concentrations among children, adolescents, and young adults receiving delayed‐release tablet and intravenous posaconazole
Authors: Bernardo Valeria , Miles Alyssa , Fernandez Alfred J. , Liverman Rochelle , Tippett Ashley , Yildirim Inci 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPosaconazole is a broad‐spectrum antifungal used for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal diseases. There are limited data on the optimal dosing, safety, and efficacy of the DRT and IV formulations in immunocompromised pediatric and adolescent patients. We describe our experience including dosing, plasma trough concentrations, safety, and tolerability. Plasma concentrations ≥.7 µg/mL were considered therapeutic for prophylaxis and ≥1.0 µg/mL for treatment. Fifty‐four patients (median age of 16 years) received DRT or IV formulations of posaconazole. Thirty‐one (57%) patients received posaconazole for treatment and 23 (43%) for prophylaxis. Overall, 36 (67%) patients achieved targeted initial plasma trough concentrations (median 1.3 µg/mL) (Figure 1). The median daily dose among patients <13 years of age who achieved the targeted initial concentrations was 7.3 mg/kg/day for the DRT formulation and 9.8 mg/kg/day for the IV formulation. The median daily dose among patients ≥13 years of age who achieved the targeted initial concentrations was 4.9 mg/kg/day for the DRT formulation and 5.6 mg/kg/day for the IV formulation. Thirty‐six patients (67%) developed transaminitis, mostly grade 1. Our observations show that DRT and IV formulations are safe and effective in immunocompromised children, adolescents, and young adults. Higher dosing per body weight of DRT and IV posaconazole may be required in patients <13 years of age compared with patients 13 years of age and older to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations.Distribution of posaconazole plasma trough levels by indication groupsimage
Association of Community Health Nursing Educators', 2020 evidence‐based project priorities: A national blueprint for unifying research and evidence‐based practice priorities
Authors: Smith Stephanie D. , Stalter Ann M. , McElroy Kathleen G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE) Research Committee Subcommittee on Evidence‐Based Practice (EBP) presents a paper on the state of translation of science into public health nursing education practice. The paper builds from the integrative research review completed by the ACHNE Research Priorities Subcommittee (McElroy et al., Public Health Nursing, 2020) offering updated research priorities and a Research in Action model. Four EBP Project Priorities were established using the Johns Hopkins EBP Model guided by Dang and Dearholt's (Johns Hopkins nursing evidence‐based practice: Model and guidelines, 2018) 19‐step process. The EBP Project Priorities emphasize the need for EBP projects to align ACHNE strategic plans and research priorities. The authors recommend that the Research in Action model guide deliberate unification of both the Research and EBP Project Priorities. Standards and criteria for essential effort unifying collaborative effort between PhD and Doctorate in Nursing Practice scholars, coordination of research efforts, and innovative practice partnerships is provided.
Education and Public Service Motivation: A Longitudinal Study of High School Graduates
Authors: Kim Sangmook 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior studies examined an individual's level of education as one of the antecedents of public service motivation (PSM). Despite having the same level of education, why are the levels of PSM different among individuals? This study investigates the various components of high school education that may influence graduates' levels of PSM by analyzing longitudinal data (3,592 cases in four waves) of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study. It shows that leadership experience, volunteering satisfaction, peer collaboration, and constructive self‐assessment on achievement in high school Social Studies courses have positive influences on graduates' PSM. This study provides support for the institutional perspective that PSM can be cultivated through processes of institutional socialization, and suggests that the self‐determination theory and the social interdependence theory are useful for understanding the effects of extracurricular activities and peer collaboration on PSM, and that collaborative learning and service‐learning will be valuable in cultivating PSM.
Metabolic optimization of adoptive T cell transfer cancer immunotherapy: A historical overview
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfter prolonged extracorporeal multiplication in physiological culture media, there can be curative infusions of a cancer patient's own cytotoxic T cells (adoptive T cell transfer; ACT), which must achieve efficient activation in potentially adverse tumour microenvironments. With spectacular, yet irregular, success, improvements are needed. Developing lymphoid cells are biologically selected, not only for ‘near‐self’ reactivity (positive selection), but also to avoid self‐reactivity (negative selection). Thus, success requires harnessing near‐self cells while avoiding extreme autoimmune phenomena. Abrupt metabolic changes accompanying T cell activation to leave the G0 stage and enter the G1 stage of the cell cycle (eg enhanced glycolysis) are accompanied by increased transcription of the G0S9 gene that mediates salvage synthesis of NAD+ from nicotinamide; the latter has recently been shown to increase the efficiency of ACT. Despite theoretical and experimental advances, there has not been parallel progress in simulating in vivo conditions with culture media that were initially formulated for their positive benefits for tumour cell lines (cell survival and proliferation). Yet for lymphoid cells, inhibition or death (ie immunological tolerance) is as important as their activation and proliferation (immunological response). Thus, use of media optimized for the latter may mask the former. The resilience of established culture protocols may have been partly politically driven. However, unphysiological conditions have sometimes yielded fortuitous insights. Optimization of culture media for specific tissues must consider the nature of problems addressed in research settings and the need to avoid mishaps in clinical settings.
Types of White Identification and Attitudes About Black Lives Matter
Authors: Cole Geneva 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveUntil recently, whiteness was not considered a politically significant social identity. This study builds on recent work and explores empirically the different ways in which white people understand their whiteness with the objective of recognizing how variations in white identification shape attitudes about the Black Lives Matter movement.MethodsI use qualitative analysis of in‐depth semistructured interviews to develop a theoretical framework for understanding how white Americans understand and identify with their whiteness and apply this typology to expressed attitudes about Black Lives Matter.ResultsI find three distinct patterns of white identification that characterize how white people understand their own race and privilege. These patterns subsequently affect how white Americans understand the experiences of minorities, specifically analyzed through opinions about Black Lives Matter.ConclusionVariations in the way that white Americans understand their whiteness have tangible effects on the way they approach racial politics, with this article focused specifically on white attitudes about the Black Lives Matter movement. As the movement engages a broad multiracial coalition it is very possible that those who were previously unaware of their whiteness will come to see it as important, with potentially wide‐ranging impacts on the future of racial politics in the United States.
Architecture and Evolution of the Crust during Continental Arc Magmatism: A Transect through the Coast Mountains Batholith, British Columbia
Authors: Woodsworth* Glenn J. , Rusmore* Margaret E. , Stowell* Harold H. , Hollister* Lincoln S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The Coast Mountains batholith (CMB) is one of the largest continental margin batholiths in the world. It is nearly continuously exposed for &gt;1700 km along the west coast of North America in British Columbia through southeastern Alaska into southwestern Yukon Territory. This guide, prepared for the GSA Thompson Field Forum held in August 2018, describes the geology along the readily accessible Skeena River transect of the CMB in British Columbia. At this latitude, the CMB is bounded on the east by generally low-grade stratified rocks and subordinate Jurassic to Eocene plutons. These rocks are bounded on the west by a Paleogene, low-angle, top-to-the northeast detachment (the Eastside detachment). West of the detachment, the Central Gneiss Complex (CGC), which forms the lower plate of the detachment, consists of amphibolite to granulite-facies schist, gneiss, and orthogneiss, intruded by Late Cretaceous to Paleogene plutons. The CGC is characterized by regionally consistent Eocene 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar cooling dates. This core belt is bounded on the west by the Paleogene Coast shear zone, a steep crustal-scale structure. Paleogene plutons do not occur west of this belt. West of the Coast shear zone, schists of the Western metamorphic belt show evidence for southwest-verging thrusting, and form an inverted metamorphic sequence with grade dramatically decreasing to the west. These rocks are intruded by Jurassic to Late Cretaceous plutons. We use this transect as a basis to examine the growth of the CMB as a whole, emphasizing commonalities and variations with the batholith and how these traits may reflect magmatic processes that create this and other convergent-margin batholiths. We conclude by highlighting a few of the many open questions regarding the evolution of this complex batholith.
Atezolizumab in patients with renal insufficiency and mixed variant histology: analyses from an expanded access program in platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Hoffman-Censits Jean , Pal Sumanta , Kaiser Constanze , Ding Beiying , Bellmunt Joaquim 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAtezolizumab is a treatment for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, its use in patients with renal insufficiency or UC with mixed variant histology (MVH) is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo report efficacy and safety of atezolizumab in these special subpopulations from an expanded access program (EAP).Design, setting, and participantsA total of 218 patients were enrolled at 36 US study sites (November 2015–August 2016), and the trial ended following the approval of atezolizumab by the US Food and Drug Administration. This post hoc analysis investigated outcomes in specific study subgroups.InterventionAtezolizumab 1200 mg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks until loss of clinical benefit, unacceptable toxicity, death, consent withdrawal, decision to discontinue, commercial availability, or study closure.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1 responses and safety were evaluated by baseline renal function and histology.Results and limitationsObjective responses occurred in 0/6 (0%), 4/19 (21%), 1/27 (3.7%), and 12/62 (19%) of evaluable patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) <30, 30–45, 45–60, and ≥60 mL/min, respectively, and stable disease was seen in three patients with CrCl <30 mL/min. Objective responses were seen in 13/102 patients (13%) with urothelial carcinoma (UC) histology only and in 4/12 patients (33%) with UC with MVH. Treatment-related adverse event frequencies ranged from 35% to 54% across the earlier indicated CrCl subgroups and they were also similar in patients with pure UC or UC with MVH (46%).ConclusionsIn this EAP mUC subgroup analysis, clinical benefit of atezolizumab occurred in patients with compromised renal function or MVH UC tumors. Safety was comparable across subgroups.Patient summaryWe examined the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab for UC in certain patients participating in an EAP. We found that responses to atezolizumab occurred, and safety was similar, in most patient subgroups with varying levels of kidney functioning or less common types of tumor tissue histology.
Bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results from a phase I cohort
Authors: Cho Byoung Chul , Daste Amaury , Ravaud Alain , Salas Sébastien , Isambert Nicolas , McClay Edward , Awada Ahmad , Borel Christian , Ojalvo Laureen S , Helwig Christoph , Rolfe P Alexander , Gulley James L , Penel Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWe report the clinical activity and safety of bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)RII receptor (a TGF-β ‘trap’) fused to a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in patients with heavily pretreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsIn this phase I dose-expansion cohort, patients with advanced SCCHN not amenable to curative therapy that progressed/recurred after platinum therapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting, or <6 months after platinum therapy in the locally advanced setting, received bintrafusp alfa 1200 mg intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was confirmed best overall response (BOR; Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1) per independent review committee (IRC); other endpoints included BOR per investigator and safety.ResultsAs of August 24, 2018, 32 patients had received bintrafusp alfa (median follow-up 86.4 weeks; range 2–97). Per IRC, the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was 13% (95% CI 4% to 29%; 4 partial responses (PR)); 4 patients had stable disease (SD) (disease control rate 25%; 95% CI 12% to 43%). Per investigator, there were 5 PRs (ORR, 16%), including 2 patients who developed delayed PRs after initial disease increase (total clinical response rate 22%). Responses (ORRs) were observed in patients with PD-L1-positive (12%), PD-L1-negative (17%; 73-10 antibody for immunohistochemistry), human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (33%) and HPV-negative tumors (5%). Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 11 patients (34%), with no grade 4 TRAEs or treatment-related deaths.ConclusionsBintrafusp alfa showed clinical activity across subgroups of PD-L1 expression and in HPV-positive tumors and had a manageable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated advanced SCCHN. Activity in HPV-positive tumors is favorable compared with historical data from PD-L1 inhibitors and is being further investigated in an ongoing study of HPV-associated tumors.Trial registration numberNCT02517398.
Efficacy of high-flow nasal prong therapy in trauma patients with rib fractures and high-risk features for respiratory deterioration: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hsu Jeremy Ming , Clark Peter Telford , Connell Laura Elizabeth , Welfare Matthew 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatients with rib fractures require analgesia, oxygen supplementation and physiotherapy. This combination has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality due to rib fractures. There has been movement towards the use of high-flow nasal prong (HFNP) oxygen. However there are no studies demonstrating the effectiveness of HFNP in this population. The aim of this study was to compare HFNP to venturi mask (VM) in rib fracture patients.MethodsRandomized controlled trial. Patient population included patients with rib fractures and high-risk features (three or more rib fractures, flail segment, bilateral rib fractures, smoker or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Exclusion criteria included initial mechanical ventilation and contraindications to HFNP. Patients were randomized to HFNP or VM. Primary outcome was deterioration requiring mechanical invasive/non‐invasive ventilation, or unplanned admission to intensive care unit. Secondary outcomes included mortality, length of stay, high dependency length of stay, comfort levels, breathing exertion levels (as measured by Borg Scale), oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, chest X-ray and arterial blood gas parameters.Results220 patients (average age 60 years and average of four rib fractures each) were randomized to HFNP (n=113) and VM (n=107). There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome comparing HFNP and VM (6.2% vs. 6.5%, p=1.0). There were also no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes except for PaCO2(43.6 vs. 45.5, p=0.039)ConclusionHFNP oxygen supplementation does not appear to be more effective than VM oxygen supplementation in patients with rib fractures.
Long-lasting exercise involvement protects against decline in V̇O2max and V̇O2 kinetics in moderately active women
Authors: Zubac Damir , Ivančev Vladimir , Valić Zoran , Šimunič Boštjan 
Published: July 2020

We studied the effects of age on different physiological parameters, including those derived from (i) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), (ii) moderate-intensity step transitions, and (iii) tensiomyography (TMG)-derived variables in moderately active women. Twenty-eight women (age, 19 to 53 years), completed 3 laboratory visits, including baseline data collection, TMG assessment, maximal oxygen uptake test via CPET, and a step-transition test from 20 W to a moderate-intensity cycling power output (PO), corresponding to oxygen uptake at 90% gas exchange threshold. During the step transitions, breath-by-breath pulmonary oxygen uptake, near infrared spectroscopy derived muscle deoxygenation (ΔHHb), and beat-by-beat cardiovascular response were continuously monitored. There were no differences observed between the young and middle-aged women in their maximal oxygen uptake and peak PO, while the maximal heart rate (HR) was 12 bpm lower in middle-aged compared with young (p = 0.016) women. Also, no differences were observed between the age groups in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, ΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients. The first regression model showed that age did not attenuate the maximal CPET capacity in the studied population (p = 0.638), while in the second model a faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, combined with shorter TMG-derived contraction time (Tc) of the vastus lateralis (VL), were associated with a higher maximal oxygen uptake (∼30% of explained variance, p = 0.039). In conclusion, long lasting exercise involvement protects against a maximal oxygen uptake and τpulmonary oxygen uptake deterioration in moderately active women. Novelty: Faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake and shorter Tc of the VL explain 33% of the variance in superior maximal oxygen uptake attainment. No differences between age groups were found in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, τΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients.
Mechanical and electronic properties of Ti-7333 alloy under tension: First-principles calculations
Authors: Hong Dan , Zeng Wei , Liu Fu-Sheng , Tang Bin , Liu Qi-Jun 
Published: July 2020

The first-principles calculations are used to investigate the effects on mechanical and electronic properties of Ti-7333 alloy under the tension stress along [001], [100] and [110] directions. First, we study the structure and elastic properties of Ti-7333 alloy with 2, 16, 54 and 128 atoms, finding that the structural parameters of four models are comparative due to the approximate value of c/a and the elastic properties are also similar. Hence, we choose Ti-7333 alloy with 16 atoms to study the effects on mechanical and electronic properties under tension stress along [001], [100] and [110] directions. The changes of independent elastic constants, Debye temperature and anisotropic behavior under different tension stress along all the three directions can reflect that the tensile strength of Ti-7333 alloy may exist between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GPa and also find that it is easier to change the resistance to deformation of Ti-7333 alloy under the tension stress along [100] direction compared with [001] and [110] directions. What’s more, the calculated mechanical parameters show that the Ti-7333 alloy is brittle and the tendency of variations is small with the increase in tension stress. The effects on electronic properties including metallic and covalent properties are not obvious due to the approximate height of TDOS, pseudogap and charge density.