bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and Erectile Dysfunction: Breaking Down the Challenges
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda Almeida , Nunes Kenia Pedrosa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A diagnostic of hypertension increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); likewise, ED can be an early sign of hypertension. In both cases, there is evidence that endothelial dysfunction is a common link between the 2 conditions. During hypertension, the sustained and widespread release of procontractile factors (e.g., angiotensin II, endothelin 1, and aldosterone) impairs the balance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators and, in turn, detrimentally impacts vascular and erectile structures. This prohypertensive state associates with an enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is not compensated by internal antioxidant mechanisms. Recently, the innate immune system, mainly via Toll-like receptor 4, has also been shown to actively contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension and ED not only by inducing oxidative stress but also by sustaining a low-grade inflammatory state. Furthermore, some drugs used to treat hypertension can cause ED and, consequently, reduce compliance with the prescribed pharmacotherapy. To break down these challenges, in this review, we focus on discussing the well-established as well as the emerging mechanisms linking hypertension and ED with an emphasis on the signaling network of the vasculature and corpora cavernosa, the vascular-like structure of the penis.
Ecological Synthesis and Its Role in Advancing Knowledge
Authors: Halpern Benjamin S , Berlow Eric , Williams Rich , Borer Elizabeth T , Davis Frank W , Dobson Andy , Enquist Brian J , Froehlich Halley E , Gerber Leah R , Lortie Christopher J , O'connor Mary I , Regan Helen , Vázquez Diego P , Willard Geoff 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Synthesis has become ubiquitous in ecology. Despite its widespread application to a broad range of research topics, it remains unclear how synthesis has affected the discipline. Using a case study of publications (n = 2304) from the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis compared with papers with similar keywords from the Web of Science (n = 320,000), we address several questions about the comparative impact of synthesis, the role of synthesis in driving key research themes, and whether synthesis is focused on different topics than is the broader ecological literature. We found much higher citation rates for synthesis papers overall (fivefold more) and within eleven key topic themes (e.g., species richness, biodiversity, climate change, global change). Synthesis papers often played key roles in driving, redirecting, or resolving core questions and exhibited much greater cross-theme connectivity. Together, these results indicate that synthesis in science has played a crucial role in accelerating and advancing ecological knowledge.
The unique molecular mechanism of diabetic nephropathy: a bioinformatics analysis of over 250 microarray datasets
Authors: Zhou Le-Ting , Zhang Zhi-Jian , Cao Jing-Yuan , Chen Hanzhi , Zhu Yu-Shan , Wu Xi , Nawabi Abdul Qadir , Liu Xiaobin , Shan Weiwei , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xi-Ran , Xue Jing , Hu Ling , Wang Si-Si , Wang Liang , Sun Zhu-Xing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background/Aims
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Emerging studies have suggested that its pathogenesis is distinct from nondiabetic renal diseases in many aspects. However, it still lacks a comprehensive understanding of the unique molecular mechanism of DN.

Methods
A total of 255 Affymetrix U133 microarray datasets (Affymetrix, Santa Calra, CA, USA) of human glomerular and tubulointerstitial tissues were collected. The 22 215 Affymetrix identifiers shared by the Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 and U133A Array were extracted to facilitate dataset pooling. Next, a linear model was constructed and the empirical Bayes method was used to select the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of each kidney disease. Based on these DEG sets, the unique DEGs of DN were identified and further analyzed using gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the protein–protein interaction networks (PINs) were constructed and hub genes were selected to further refine the results.

Results
A total of 129 and 1251 unique DEGs were identified in the diabetic glomerulus (upregulated n = 83 and downregulated n = 203) and the diabetic tubulointerstitium (upregulated n = 399 and downregulated n = 874), respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in the diabetic glomerulus were significantly associated with the extracellular matrix, cell growth, regulation of blood coagulation, cholesterol homeostasis, intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and renal filtration cell differentiation. In the diabetic tubulointerstitium, the significantly enriched biological processes and pathways included metabolism, the advanced glycation end products–receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, autophagy and ferroptosis. By constructing PINs, several nodes, such as AGR2, CSNK2A1, EGFR and HSPD1, were identified as hub genes, which might play key roles in regulating the development of DN.

Conclusions
Our study not only reveals the unique molecular mechanism of DN but also provides a valuable resource for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery. Some of our findings are promising and should be explored in future work.
Efficient Group ID-Based Encryption With Equality Test Against Insider Attack
Authors: Ling Yunhao , Ma Sha , Huang Qiong , Li Ximing , Zhong Yijian , Ling Yunzhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
ID-based encryption with equality test (IBEET) allows a tester to compare ciphertexts encrypted under different public keys for checking whether they contain the same message. In this paper, we first introduce group mechanism into IBEET and propose a new primitive, namely group ID-based encryption with equality test (G-IBEET). With the group mechanism: (1) group administrator can authorize a tester to make comparison between ciphertexts of group users, but it cannot compare their ciphertexts with any ciphertext of any user who is not in the group. Such group granularity authorization can make IBEET that adapts to group scenario; (2) for the group granularity authorization, only one trapdoor, named group trapdoor, should be issued to the tester, which can greatly reduce the cost of computation, transmission and storage of trapdoors in traditional IBEET schemes; (3) G-IBEET can resist the insider attack launched by the authorized tester, which is an open problem in IBEET. We give definitions for G-IBEET and propose a concrete construction with an efficient test algorithm. We then give its security analysis in the random oracle model.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Superficial Damage Modulate Persimmon Infestation byDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae) andZaprionus indianus
Authors: Trombin de Souza Michele , Trombin de Souza Mireli , Bernardi Daniel , Rakes Matheus , Vidal Hugo R , Zawadneak Maria A C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were recently observed co-infesting persimmons in Brazil. We evaluate the infestation susceptibility of persimmons at different ripening stages (unripe, UN; early ripe, ER; orange ripe, OR, and overripe, OV) by D. suzukii and Z. indianus in the field and laboratory conditions. Additionally, we determined the influence of physicochemical characteristics (e.g., resistance to penetration force, fruit skin color, acidity (pH), TSS concentration, total titratable acidity [TTA]) and the type of damage that facilitates infestation by D. suzukii or Z. indianus. In the field, the natural infestation capacity and biological development of D. suzukii and Z. indianus were verified in whole fruits at the ripening stages ER, OR, and OV. The natural infestation was directly related to the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits (resistance to penetration force, pH, and total soluble solids). In the no-choice bioassay, the oviposition rate of D. suzukii did not differ between the ripening stages of the fruit. However, in the choice bioassay, there was a higher preference for oviposition in OV fruits. Regarding Z. indianus, the highest preference for oviposition was observed in OR and OV fruits in both bioassays. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase the susceptibility of the fruits to D. suzukii. However, it favored the oviposition of Z. indianus in OR and OV fruits. The damage caused by D. suzukii or mechanical damage favored the infestation by Z. indianus. This is the first report of the capacity of D. suzukii to infest whole persimmons in Brazil.
Developing a scale of community capacity: testing community organizations in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Yih-jiunn 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This study focused on the development of a scale to assess community capacity. The concept of community capacity has become a core concept in governmental community-based programs in recent years. Community capacity is also considered to be the foundation for promoting community health service programs. Although some scholars have engaged in the study of community capacity issues, the discussion pertaining to a community capacity scale remains nascent. Thus, in order to develop a community capacity scale, this research followed a methodology consisting of reviewing relevant literature, conducting expert focus groups and employing the Delphi technique. Finally, the six-dimensional modified draft scale, which consisted of 24 indicators in total was tested in 97 community organizations across seven Taiwanese counties in July and August 2016. The developed community capacity scale includes six dimensions, namely leadership and organization, administrative management, resource mobilization, residents’ participation, collaborative work and network and public relations and initiatives. Each dimension includes four indicators, and each indicator has clear descriptions to aid assessment and evaluation. The tested data was evaluated for its reliability, content validity, criterion validity and examined by factor analysis. The results show that the developed scale is highly reliable, valid and is suitable for professional community work. The scale could be used as a reference tool in developing community service plans and reviewing the effects of community programs. Undeniable, this scale still has limitations in Taiwan context, and the test with a limitation for its sample size and characteristics.
The other face of advanced paternal age: a scoping review of its terminological, social, public health, psychological, ethical and regulatory aspects
Authors: Couture Vincent , Delisle Stéphane , Mercier Alexis , Pennings Guido 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There is a global tendency for parents to conceive children later in life. The maternal dimension of the postponement transition has been thoroughly studied, but interest in the paternal side is more recent. For the moment, most literature reviews on the topic have focused on the consequences of advanced paternal age (APA) on fertility, pregnancy and the health of the child.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The present review seeks to move the focus away from the biological and medical dimensions of APA and synthesise the knowledge of the other face of APA.

SEARCH METHODS
We used the scoping review methodology. Searches of interdisciplinary articles databases were performed with keywords pertaining to APA and its dimensions outside of biology and medicine. We included scientific articles, original research, essays, commentaries and editorials in the sample. The final sample of 177 documents was analysed with qualitative thematic analysis.

OUTCOMES
We identified six themes highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of APA research. The ‘terminological aspects’ highlight the lack of consensus on the definition of APA and the strategies developed to offer alternatives. The ‘social aspects’ focus on the postponement transition towards reproducing later in life and its cultural dimensions. The ‘public health aspects’ refer to attempts to analyse APA as a problem with wider health and economic implications. The ‘psychological aspects’ focus on the consequences of APA and older fatherhood on psychological characteristics of the child. The ‘ethical aspects’ reflect on issues of APA emerging at the intersection of parental autonomy, children’s welfare and social responsibility. The ‘regulatory aspects’ group different suggestions to collectively approach the implications of APA. Our results show that the field of APA is still in the making and that evidence is lacking to fully address the issues of APA. The review suggests promising avenues of research such as introducing the voice of fathers of advanced age into the research agenda.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The results of this review will be useful for developing policies and preconception health interventions that consider and include prospective fathers of advanced age.
Logics of (In)sane and (Un)reliable Beliefs
Authors: Fan Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Inspired by an interesting quotation from the literature, we propose four modalities, called ‘sane belief’, ‘insane belief’, ‘reliable belief’ and ‘unreliable belief’, and introduce logics with each operator as the modal primitive. We show that the four modalities constitute a square of opposition, which indicates some interesting relationships among them. We compare the relative expressivity of these logics and other related logics, including a logic of false beliefs from the literature. The four main logics are all less expressive than the standard modal logic over various model classes, and the logics of sane and insane beliefs are, respectively, equally expressive as the logics of unreliable and reliable beliefs on any class of models. The logics of reliable and unreliable beliefs are then combined into a bimodal logic, which turns out to be equally expressive as the standard modal logic. Despite this, we cannot obtain a complete axiomatization of the minimal bimodal logic, by simply translating the axioms and rules of the minimal modal logic $\textbf{K}$ into the bimodal language. We then introduce a schematic modality which unifies reliable and unreliable beliefs and axiomatize it over the class of all frames and also the class of serial frames. This line of research is finally extended to unify sane and insane beliefs and some axiomatizations are given.
Optimizing Survival and the Changing Landscape of Targeted Therapy for Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lim Howard , Ramjeesingh Ravi , Liu Dave , Tam Vincent C , Knox Jennifer J , Card Paul B , Meyers Brandon M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) consisting of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has remained unchanged for over a decade, although results from phase III targeted therapy trials have recently emerged. This review considers available phase III evidence on the use and sequencing of targeted therapy for intermediate and advanced non-locoregional therapy (LRT) eligible HCC and discusses implications for clinical practice. Methods: Published and presented literature on phase III data reporting on targeted therapy for advanced HCC that was not eligible for loco-regional therapies was identified using the key search terms “hepatocellular cancer” AND “advanced” AND “targeted therapy” AND “phase III” OR respective aliases (PRISMA). Results: Ten phase III trials assessed targeted therapy first-line and eight following sorafenib. In the first-line, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab statistically significantly improved overall survival (OS) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with sorafenib, while lenvatinib demonstrated non-inferior OS. Following progression on sorafenib, statistically significant OS improvements over placebo were seen for cabozantinib and regorafenib in unselected patients and for ramucirumab in those with baseline α-fetoprotein≥400 ng/mL. Based on improved OS and PROs, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab appears to be a preferred first-line treatment option for intermediate or advanced non-LRT eligible HCC. Phase III data informing sequencing of later lines of treatment is lacking. Therefore, sequencing principles are proposed that can be used to guide treatment selection. Conclusions: Ongoing trials will continue to inform optimal therapy. Multiple targeted therapies have improved OS in intermediate or advanced non-LRT eligible HCC, although optimal sequencing is an area of ongoing investigation.
Small-scale switch in cover–perimeter relationships of patches indicates shift of dominant species during grassland degradation
Authors: Song Ming-Hua , Cornelissen Johannes H C , Li Yi-Kang , Xu Xing-Liang , Zhou Hua-Kun , Cui Xiao-Yong , Wang Yan-Fen , Xu Rong-Yan , Feng Qi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Grasslands are globally threatened by climate changes and unsustainable land-use, which often cause transitions among alternative stable states, and even catastrophic transition to desertification. Spatial vegetation patch configurations have been shown to signify such transitions at large spatial scale. Here, we demonstrate how small-scale patch configurations can also indicate state transitions.

Methods
The whole spatial series of degradation successions were chosen in alpine grasslands characterized as seven typical communities. Patch numbers, and perimeter and cover of each patch were recorded using adjacent quadrats along transects in each type of the communities. Species abundance within each patch was measured.

Important Findings
Across seven grazing-induced degradation stages in the world’s largest expanse of grassland, from dense ungrazed turf to bare black-soil crust, patch numbers and perimeters first increased as patch cover decreased. Numbers and perimeters then decreased rapidly beyond an intersection point at 68% of initial continuous vegetation cover. Around this point, the vegetation fluctuated back and forth between the sedge-dominated grassland breaking-up phase and the forb-dominated phase, suggesting impending shift of grassland state. This study thus demonstrates how ground-based small-scale vegetation surveys can provide a quantitative, easy-to-use signals for vegetation degradation, with promise for detecting the catastrophic transition to desertification.
The Adaptive Potential of the Middle Domain of Yeast Hsp90
Authors: Cote-Hammarlof Pamela A , Fragata Inês , Flynn Julia , Mavor David , Zeldovich Konstantin B , Bank Claudia , Bolon Daniel N A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The distribution of fitness effects (DFEs) of new mutations across different environments quantifies the potential for adaptation in a given environment and its cost in others. So far, results regarding the cost of adaptation across environments have been mixed, and most studies have sampled random mutations across different genes. Here, we quantify systematically how costs of adaptation vary along a large stretch of protein sequence by studying the distribution of fitness effects of the same ≈2,300 amino-acid changing mutations obtained from deep mutational scanning of 119 amino acids in the middle domain of the heat shock protein Hsp90 in five environments. This region is known to be important for client binding, stabilization of the Hsp90 dimer, stabilization of the N-terminal-Middle and Middle-C-terminal interdomains, and regulation of ATPase–chaperone activity. Interestingly, we find that fitness correlates well across diverse stressful environments, with the exception of one environment, diamide. Consistent with this result, we find little cost of adaptation; on average only one in seven beneficial mutations is deleterious in another environment. We identify a hotspot of beneficial mutations in a region of the protein that is located within an allosteric center. The identified protein regions that are enriched in beneficial, deleterious, and costly mutations coincide with residues that are involved in the stabilization of Hsp90 interdomains and stabilization of client-binding interfaces, or residues that are involved in ATPase–chaperone activity of Hsp90. Thus, our study yields information regarding the role and adaptive potential of a protein sequence that complements and extends known structural information.
Intervention Therapies to Reduce Pain-Related Fear in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Martinez-Calderon Javier , Flores-Cortes Mar , Morales-Asencio Jose Miguel , Luque-Suarez Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions at reducing pain-related fear in people with fibromyalgia and to analyze whether the included trials reported their interventions in full detail.

Design
Systematic review.

Setting
No restrictions.

Methods
The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from their inception to April 2020, along with manual searches and a gray literature search. Randomized clinical trials were included if they assessed pain-related fear constructs as the primary or secondary outcome in adults with fibromyalgia. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist assessment, and grading the quality of evidence.

Results
Twelve randomized clinical trials satisfied the eligibility criteria, including 11 cohorts with a total sample of 1,441 participants. Exercise, multicomponent, and psychological interventions were more effective than controls were in reducing kinesiophobia. However, there were no differences in decreasing kinesiophobia when self-management and electrotherapy were used. There were also no differences between groups with regard to the rest of the interventions and pain-related constructs (fear-avoidance beliefs, fear of pain, and pain-related anxiety). However, a serious risk of bias and a very serious risk of imprecision were detected across the included trials. This caused the overall certainty of the judged evidence to be low and very low. Additionally, the included trials reported insufficient details to allow the full replication of their interventions.

Conclusions
This systematic review shows that there are promising interventions, such as exercise, multicomponent, and psychological therapies, that may decrease one specific type of fear in people with fibromyalgia, i.e., kinesiophobia. However, because of the low–very low certainty of the evidence found, a call for action is needed to improve the quality of randomized clinical trials, which will lead to more definitive information about the clinical efficacy of interventions in this field.