bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC): Latest Applications in the Pharmaceutical Researches
Authors: Erkmen Cem , Gebrehiwot Weldejeworgıs Hndeya , Uslu Bengi 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Significant advances have been occurred in analytical research since the 1970s
by Liquid Chromatography (LC) as the separation method. Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
(RPLC) method, using hydrophobic stationary phases and polar mobile phases, is the most commonly
used chromatographic method. However, it is difficult to analyze some polar compounds with this
method. Another separation method is the Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC), which involves
polar stationary phases with organic eluents. NPLC presents low-efficiency separations and
asymmetric chromatographic peak shapes when analyzing polar compounds. Hydrophilic Interaction
Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) is an interesting and promising alternative method for the analysis of
polar compounds. HILIC is defined as a separation method that combines stationary phases used in the
NPLC method and mobile phases used in the RPLC method. HILIC can be successfully applied to all
types of liquid chromatographic separations such as pharmaceutical compounds, small molecules, metabolites,
drugs of abuse, carbohydrates, toxins, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino acids and proteins.

Objective:
This paper provides a general overview of the recent application of HILIC in the pharmaceutical
research in the different sample matrices such as pharmaceutical dosage form, plasma, serum,
environmental samples, animal origin samples, plant origin samples, etc. Also, this review focuses on
the most recent and selected papers in the drug research from 2009 to the submission date in 2020,
dealing with the analysis of different components using HILIC.

Results and Conclusion:
The literature survey showed that HILIC applications are increasing every
year in pharmaceutical research. It was found that HILIC allows simultaneous analysis of many compounds
using different detectors.
Implementasi Ekstrakulikuler Ketrampilan dalam Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang
Authors: Miftakhi Diah Rina 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian anak berkebutuhan khusus yang ada di lembaga SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang melalui implementasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ketrampilan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ketrampilan serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data penelitian yang terdiri dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang membuat beberapa kegiatan ekstrakurikuler antara lain: membatik, memasak, merias wajah, membuat kerajinan tangan dari bahan-bahan bekas, dan membuat keranjang hantaran pernikahan. egiatan ekstrakurikuler yang dilaksanakan di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang mulai tingkat SDLB sampai SMALB. Harapan dari pihak sekolah adalah dengan diberikannya kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ini, maka anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang akan memiliki bekal ketrampilan setelah mereka lulus dan dapat mandiri dengan mengembangkan ketrampilan yang sudah mereka miliki. Abstract This research was conducted with the aim to find out the level of independence of children with special needs in the YPAC Pangkalpinang SLB institution through the implementation of skills extracurricular activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of extracurricular skills and to determine the level of independence of children. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach with research data sources consisting of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang made several extracurricular activities including: making batik, cooking, putting on makeup, making handicrafts from used materials, and making wedding delivery baskets. Extracurricular activities carried out at SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang from SDLB to SMALB levels. The expectation from the school is that by providing this extracurricular activity, children with special needs in SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang will have the provision of skills after they graduate and can be independent by developing the skills they already have.
Leveraging Eye Tracking to Prioritize Relevant Medical Record Data: Comparative Machine Learning Study
Authors: King Andrew J , Cooper Gregory F , Clermont Gilles , Hochheiser Harry , Hauskrecht Milos , Sittig Dean F , Visweswaran Shyam 
Published: April 2020

Background
Electronic medical record (EMR) systems capture large amounts of data per patient and present that data to physicians with little prioritization. Without prioritization, physicians must mentally identify and collate relevant data, an activity that can lead to cognitive overload. To mitigate cognitive overload, a Learning EMR (LEMR) system prioritizes the display of relevant medical record data. Relevant data are those that are pertinent to a context—defined as the combination of the user, clinical task, and patient case. To determine which data are relevant in a specific context, a LEMR system uses supervised machine learning models of physician information-seeking behavior. Since obtaining information-seeking behavior data via manual annotation is slow and expensive, automatic methods for capturing such data are needed.

Objective
The goal of the research was to propose and evaluate eye tracking as a high-throughput method to automatically acquire physician information-seeking behavior useful for training models for a LEMR system.

Methods
Critical care medicine physicians reviewed intensive care unit patient cases in an EMR interface developed for the study. Participants manually identified patient data that were relevant in the context of a clinical task: preparing a patient summary to present at morning rounds. We used eye tracking to capture each physician’s gaze dwell time on each data item (eg, blood glucose measurements). Manual annotations and gaze dwell times were used to define target variables for developing supervised machine learning models of physician information-seeking behavior. We compared the performance of manual selection and gaze-derived models on an independent set of patient cases.

Results
A total of 68 pairs of manual selection and gaze-derived machine learning models were developed from training data and evaluated on an independent evaluation data set. A paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed similar performance of manual selection and gaze-derived models on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.40).

Conclusions
We used eye tracking to automatically capture physician information-seeking behavior and used it to train models for a LEMR system. The models that were trained using eye tracking performed like models that were trained using manual annotations. These results support further development of eye tracking as a high-throughput method for training clinical decision support systems that prioritize the display of relevant medical record data.
Dentists’ Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists
Authors: Khader Yousef , Al Nsour Mohannad , Al-Batayneh Ola Barakat , Saadeh Rami , Bashier Haitham , Alfaqih Mahmoud , Al-Azzam Sayer , AlShurman Bara’ Abdallah 
Published: April 2020

Background
Despite the availability of prevention guidelines and recommendations on infection control, many dental practices lack the minimum requirements for infection control.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perception, and attitude regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and infection control among Jordanian dentists.

Methods
The study population consisted of dentists who worked in private clinics, hospitals, and health centers in Jordan. An online questionnaire was sent to a sample of Jordanian dentists in March 2020. The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about dentists’ demographic characteristics; their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19 and infection control measures for preventing COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19.

Results
This study included a total of 368 dentists aged 22-73 years (mean 32.9 years, SD 10.6 years). A total of 112 (30.4%) dentists had completed a master or residency program in dentistry, 195 (53.0%) had received training in infection control in dentistry, and 28 (7.6%) had attended training or lectures regarding COVID-19. A total of 133 (36.1%) dentists reported that the incubation period is 1-14 days. The majority of dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways of identifying patients at risk of having COVID-19, were able to correctly report known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. A total of 275 (74.7%) believed that it was necessary to ask patients to sit far from each other, wear masks while in the waiting room, and wash hands before getting in the dental chair to decrease disease transmission.

Conclusions
Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, dentists had limited comprehension of the extra precautionary measures that protect the dental staff and other patients from COVID-19. National and international guidelines should be sent by the regional and national dental associations to all registered dentists during a crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, to make sure that dentists are well informed and aware of best practices and recommended disease management approaches.
VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE, EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT AND EARNINGS PERSISTENCE
Authors: Lestari Yessy Aryanti 
Published: April 2020

One of management credibility aspect showed by extent voluntary information disclosed. Management who more credible do more voluntary disclosure. Management use voluntary disclosure as tools to inform good signal happening to all stakeholders, include good earnings quality. This study examine the association of voluntary disclosure to earnings response coefficient (ERC) and earning persistence as earnings quality. Study uses 274 samples of listed firms across different industries in Indonesia, excluding financial industry for the financial period 2015. Ordinary least square (OLS) cross-sectional method is implemented to test the research hypotheses. The results of hypothesis test of the study exhibit a significant negative association between voluntary disclosure to ERC. This study also found no association statistically between voluntary disclosure to earnings persistence. This research conducted for one period, so for future research should to extent year observations. The study also conducted additional testing of disclosures based on disclosure criteria. This test was conducted to determine the type of voluntary disclosure that has a significant influence on the dependent variable of the study, ERC and earnings persistence.Keywords: Earnings Responses Coefficient, Voluntary Disclosure, Earnings Persistence
Pemikiran Organisasi Islam tentang Penerapan Hukum Pidana Islam: Tinjauan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Syafi'ie M. 
Published: April 2020

This paper elaborates the view of Islamic organizations in Indonesia about the application of Islamic criminal law in the form of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, and examining them based on human rights law. The Islamic Organizations whose views are explored here are Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), and Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). This article concludes, first, there are two different views of the Islamic Organization studied: one sees its application as a necessity or mandatory, and the other views it as the state responsibility that needs to consider the social interests according to its context. Of the four Islamic organizations studied, the first view was reflected in MMI and JAT, and the second view was on NU and Muhammadiyah. Second, the law of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, which for some Islamic organizations is seen as the right to practice worship and belief, cannot be justified by human rights norms. Although the rights to religion and belief are rights that are categorized as non derogable right, the implementation and application of religious teachings is actually categorized as derogable rights. Therefore, for reasons of protection of public security, public order, public health, morals, and fundamental rights and freedoms of others, the application of religious teachings, in this case the punishment for cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, can be limited.
Abstrak
Artikel ini menguraikan pandangan atau pemikiran organisasi Islam di Indonesia tentang penerapan hukum pidana Islam berupa hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, dan menelaahnya berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia. Organisasi Islam yang digali pandangannya di sini adalah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), dan Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). Artikel ini menyimpulkan, pertama, ada dua pandangan berbeda dari Organisasi Islam yang diteliti: yang satu memandang pemberlakuannya sebagai keharusan atau wajib, dan yang satu lagi memandangnya sebagai tanggungjawab negara yang perlu mempertimbangkan kepentingan sosial masyarakat sesuai konteksnya. Dari empat Organisasi Islam yang diteliti, pandangan pertama tercermin pada sikap MMI dan JAT, dan pandangan kedua pada NU dan Muhammadiyah. Kedua, hukum potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, yang bagi sebagian organisasi Islam dilihat sebagai hak untuk menjalankan ibadah dan keyakinan, tidak dapat dibenarkan oleh norma hak asasi manusia. Sekalipun hak beragama dan berkeyakinan merupakan hak yang terkatagori non derogable right, implementasi dan penerapan ajaran agama sesungguhnya terkatagori derogable rights. Karena itu, dengan alasan perlindungan keamanan publik, ketertiban publik, kesehatan publik, moral, serta hak dan kebebasan fundamental orang lain, maka implementasi ajaran agama, dalam hal ini hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, menjadi bisa dibatasi.
International students education from the BRICS countries in China: progress, problems and recommendations (2013-2017)
Authors: Cheng Jing 
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo busca fazer uma análise geral e pesquisa comparativa acerca da educação dos estudantes originários dos países BRICS (Rússia, Índia, Brasil e África do Sul) na China entre 2010 e 2018. Durante esseperíodo, com a promoção do governo chinês e a cooperação entre os BRICS, o número total de estudantes do bloco estudando na China cresceu continuamente, finalmente alcançando 50.000. Baseado em estatísticas divulgadas pelo Ministério da Educação chinês e principalmente utilizando métodos quantitativos e comparativos, esse artigo foca no desenvolvimento e problemas da educação dos estudantes BRICS na China durante tal período e fornece algumas recomendações para a ampliação desse processo. Para demonstrar as ideias, esse artigo está dividido em cinco unidades. Depois da introdução, a segunda parte aprenda a evolução e fornece um panorama da política chinesa para educação de estudantes internacionais. Na terceira parte nos concentramos em uma análise do desenvolvimento da educação dos estudantes BRICS e seus problemas serão analisados na sequência. Por fim, há as conclusões e algumas recomendações para maior desenvolvimento.
A comparative analysis of the BRICS in the International Development Cooperation field
Authors: Rinaldi Augusto Leal , Apolinário Júnior Laerte 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa as atividades dos países do BRICS no campo da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) por meio de uma análise comparativa. Na última década, ocorreram mudanças neste regime na medida em que países em desenvolvimento passaram a assumir papel destacado nesta área historicamente dominada pelos doadores tradicionais. Dentre estes novos atores, os BRICS merecem atenção especial. Ao combinar metodologia descritiva e comparativa, nós analisamos as convergências e divergências entre estes países quanto às suas práticas de CID. Em particular, tentamos responder à seguinte questão: “Como os países do BRICS têm atuado no campo da CID na última década? Analisamos esta variável por meio de quatro dimensões analíticas: i) contexto histórico; ii) contexto geopolítico; iii) contexto institucional; e iv)contexto doméstico político. Os achados gerais sugerem que embora as políticas do BRICS de CID apresentem algumas semelhantes, manifestam, por outro lado, importantes diferenças, sobretudo com relação aomontante e escopo dos receptores, a aderência às diretrizes da DAC/OCDE, e as terminologias utilizadas.
The Characteristics, Valuation Methods, and Information Use of Valuation Specialists
Authors: Allee Kristian D. , Erickson Devon , Esplin Adam M. , Yohn Teri Lombardi 
Published: April 2020

SYNOPSIS
We provide insights into the inputs and valuation models used by valuation specialists. We survey 172 valuation specialists and conduct several follow-up interviews covering various topics, including the valuation inputs, models, and industry information that they use, as well as how they estimate long-term growth and the cost of capital. We find that valuation specialists rely on their professional judgment to select a valuation model but prefer the discounted cash flow (DCF) model. They primarily rely on the firm's historical performance when forecasting the financial statements, but communication with management is particularly relevant for forecasting future earnings or cash flows. When estimating the cost of capital, they most commonly use the risk-free rate with subjective adjustments. The results of our study provide insights on the information use of valuation specialists that are relevant to other valuation specialists, managers, academic researchers, and regulators.
JEL classification: M41; G12; G17; G32.
Jovens do campo no ensino superior
Authors: Nascimento Mirian Bezerra de Matos , Marques Tatyanne Gomes , Trindade Domingos Rodrigues da 
Published: April 2020

Por considerar a necessidade de dar visibilidade à existência de novos atores sociais e políticos que começaram a adentrar a Universidade, esta pesquisa parte, então, do objetivo principal, que é conhecer quem são os jovens do campo que acessam e vivenciam a experiência universitária. O texto que segue é resultado da pesquisa intitulada “Jovens do campo e educação superior: um estudo sobre o acesso e permanência na universidade pública” realizada no Campus XII da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB). O estudo considerou para levantamento de dados as matrículas dos ingressantes entre 2013 e 2016. Como procedimento de coleta de dados, foi realizado levantamento das matrículas junto à secretaria acadêmica do DEDC/XII com a pretensão de identificar os jovens oriundos do campo matriculados nesta instituição. Após isso, foram utilizados questionários com 107 jovens do campo identificados. Com a análise desses dados, buscamos compreender quem são esses jovens que decidiram continuar os estudos mesmo quando a condição de ser jovem do campo esteve atravessada por dificuldades históricas, de acesso à educação e à garantia de direitos sociais, uma vez que o acesso à universidade para esses tem sido considerado como um processo longevo, de enfrentamentos. Palavras-chave: Acesso. Ensino superior. Jovens do campo.
‟JULES ET JIM”, DE FRANÇOIS TRUFFAUT OU L’INSOUTENABLE LÉGÈRETÉ DU FÉMININ
Authors: ȚURCANU LAZAROV Mihaela 
Published: April 2020

Jules et Jim by François Truffaut or the Unbearable Lightness of the Feminine. Truffaut’s movie Jules et Jim (« Jules and Jim ») is an intimist movie but also a fresco of Europe throughout the first half of the 20th century, as it was torn apart by the two world wars and Nazism. At the same time, the film tells the story of the friendship that began during the Belle Epoque between two intellectuals, a French (Jim) and a German (Jules), both madly in love with an English teacher (Catherine). In the insular tradition of the Elizabethan theatre, this is a story about love, treason, jealousy, hate, and finally murder and suicide. In its structure, it is a mix of farce, sentimental drama turned into tragedy, and which in the end reveals itself as a comedy of errors, with, nevertheless, very serious themes: love and war, desire and drives, femininity, maternity and semblance, competition between men for a woman etc. This movie brilliantly represents the Nouvelle vague and is a proof that Freud and Lacan were right when they established once and for all that the unconscious is a fundamental and necessary scene. Human destiny is set and its mysterious scripts are played out - from sexuality to death, from Eros to Thanatos - as the subject’s fantasy, the window through which he or she tackles reality.
Forest development and conservation policy in Poland
Authors: Szramka Hubert , Adamowicz Krzysztof 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Whilst, in many countries, the scale of forest loss from business-as-usual development is immense, in Poland, this problem does not exist. However, obtaining additional land areas for afforestation is a main issue in Poland. In Poland, after the World War II, the forest area has been systematically growing. In 1945, the forest area was about 6.5 million ha, and the forest cover was 21%. In 2016, the forest area reached 9.2 million ha, and forest cover amounted to 29.5%. Today, there are 0.24 ha of forests per one inhabitant of Poland. The size of wood resources in stands is also changing. In 1945, forest resources on the trunk amounted to approximately 906 million m3, and in 2016, it reached 2.4 million m3. The problem, however, is the uneven distribution of forests in Poland. Forests in Poland are very strictly protected by law. There are two most important acts, Forest Act of 2001 and Nature Conservation Act of 2004, that regulate principles for the retention, protection and augmentation of forest resources. Over the past decades in Poland, the social demands regarding non-economical functions of forest such as recreational activities, soil and water protection and mitigation of global warming became an important and constantly growing challenge for forest managers. Thus we suggest that, first of all, it is very important to extract the leading function for a given forest area. Interactions between development and conservations policies are very tied and may suggest the need of their integration. In this article, we present the concept of development policy for forest management and forest protection in Poland.