bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the mechanism of gel accelerator on gel transition of PAN solution by rheology and dynamic light scattering
Authors: Guo Zhaoyu , Yao Zhuwei , Pan Feifei , Cao Weiyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rheological properties of PAN/DMSO solution and the size and distribution of PAN coils were studied by rheology and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. It was found that water could be used as a gel accelerator and increase the gel transition temperature T
gel and the storage modulus G′ as well as decrease the damping factor tan δ through rheological measurements. DLS test shows that the average size of PAN coils increases significantly with the increase in gel accelerator content. In addition, the gel accelerator can change the mobility of PAN chains during the cooling process. The results show that the gel accelerator can enhance the entanglement of PAN macromolecular chains and improve the formation of three-dimensional network gel structure, so that PAN solution is more prone to gel transition during the cooling process.
Die polnische Umweltbewegung – Strategien eines marginalisierten Akteurs
Authors: Łoś Iwo 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungTrotz beträchtlicher Umweltprobleme und ökologischer Herausforderungen ist die Umweltbewegung in Polen noch immer marginalisiert. Nach der politischen Wende von 1989 musste sie sich ohne breiten Rückhalt in der Bevölkerung dem dominierenden Modernisierungsdiskurs widersetzen. Der erste landesweite Protest nach dem EU-Beitritt Polens richtete sich gegen ein Straßenbauvorhaben im Rospuda-Tal und trug zur Vertiefung der wahrgenommenen Kluft zwischen ökologischen und sozialen Forderungen bei. Die Analyse basiert auf teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und Interviews, die mit Umweltaktivist*innen in Polen geführt wurden.
Radikale Konformität und konforme Radikalität? Fridays for Future und Ende Gelände
Authors: Ruser Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Seit dem ersten „skolestreik for klimaet“ im Jahr 2018 hat sich die Fridays for Future-Bewegung zu einem globalen, medial beachteten Phänomen entwickelt. Gleichzeitig finden spektakuläre Aktionen wie die Besetzung des Hambacher Forsts durch Umweltaktivist*innen eine breite Öffentlichkeit. Die mediale und politische Aufmerksamkeit, welche neuen Umweltbewegungen zu Teil wird, erweckt nicht nur den Eindruck einer neuen Dringlichkeit klimapolitischer Fragen, sondern auch einer neuen Radikalität von Umweltaktivismus. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden, inwiefern die Zuschreibung von Radikalität zutreffend ist.
Fertility preservation in women with early ovarian cancer
Authors: Necula Daniel , Istrate Daria , Mathis Jérôme 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fertility preservation is an important option to consider for young women with low-grade early ovarian cancer. Fertility-sparing surgery (“FSS”) permits the conservation of the uterus and one of the ovaries. This technique is considered safe for stages IA G1, G2 and probably safe for IC G1 epithelial and non-epithelial ovarian cancers. There are still uncertainties and FSS is not fully accepted for stage IC G1, G2 and clear cell carcinoma. The difficulty in choosing the best option lies in the fact that there is a lack of prospective randomized studies, due to ethical and organizational issues. Retrospective studies and reviews showed reassuring results for FSS in terms of relapse and long term survival. The spontaneous pregnancy rate seems to decrease after FSS, but chemotherapy does not seem to have an impact on fertility rates. Compared with the general population, assisted reproductive techniques are considered safe and with similar fertility results.
Comparison between Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Abu Muhammad Azrai , Borhan Azniza Suriati , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Ahmad Mohd Faizal , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the effect of Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® on haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin level; and its adverse effect.

Methods
This randomised controlled trial conducted from January 2018 until December 2018. Pregnant women below 34 weeks of gestation, with Hb concentration less than 11 g/dL and serum ferritin level less than 12 ug/L were randomised to receive either one tablet Zincofer® or one tablet Iberet Folate® daily for four weeks. Both groups were compared in terms of effect on Hb level, serum ferritin level, and other haematological indices adverse effect related to treatment, and treatment cost.

Results
Hundred and thirty patients were recruited in this study with 68 patients in Iberet Folic group and 62 patients in Zincofer group. The change in the Hb and serum ferritin level from baseline to day 30 did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The mean (±SD) change from baseline to day 30 was 2.15 (±0.59) g/dL in the Iberet Folic group, and 1.98 (±0.49) in the Zincofer (p value = 0.08). Mean serum ferritin at day 30 was 17.2 (±3.68) ug/L and 16.7 (±4.28) ug/L with 8.44 (±3.41) and 8.55 (±3.50) difference, respectively (p = 0.86). Adverse events were comparable in between groups, with p value >0.05. GI intolerance and constipation were among the common side effects, occurred in 34.6 and 29.2% cases, respectively.

Conclusions
Zincofer® offers equivalent efficacy and side effect profile in comparison with Iberet Folic® for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, but with lower cost.
Outcomes of surgical and/or medical treatment in patients with prolactinomas during long-term follow-up: a retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Karagun Barış , Yaldız Hilal Nur , Evran Mehtap , Sert Murat , Tetiker Tamer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Prolactinoma is the most common cause of pituitary tumours. Current medical guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) as the initial therapy for prolactinoma. However, surgical removal can also be considered in selected cases, such as patients with macroadenomas with local complications (bleeding or optic chiasm pressure) or those not responding to medical treatment.

Methods
The present retrospective study included patients with prolactinomas (n=43; female, 24; male, 19) who were primarily managed with medical (n=32) or surgical (n=11) treatment.

Results
Macroadenoma (n=29.67%) was commonly detected in both genders (female, 54%; male, 84%). Moreover, the mean pre-treatment prolactin levels were similar in both genders (female, 683.3 ± 1347 ng/mL; male, 685.4 ± 805 ng/mL; p=0.226). Surgically treated patients had a greater reduction in tumour size (27.7 ± 17.9 mm pre-treatment vs. 8.72 ± 14.2 mm post-treatment) than non-surgically treated ones (12.5 ± 7.5 mm pre-treatment vs. 4.1 ± 4.2 mm post-treatment; p=0.00). However, the decrease in prolactin levels was similar between the two patient groups (p=0.108). During the follow-up period (10.6 ± 7.0 years), the average cabergoline dose of the patients was 1.42 ± 1.47 mcg/week.

Conclusions
Although a surgical approach was considered for selected cases of prolactinoma, the average dose used for medical treatment was highly inadequate for the patients in the present study.
Apolipoprotein C-II and C-III preferably transfer to both high-density lipoprotein (HDL)2 and the larger HDL3 from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Authors: Yamazaki Azusa , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Yamagata Yuka , Horiuchi Yuna , Lai Shao-Jui , Kameda Takahiro , Ichimura Naoya , Tohda Shuji , Tozuka Minoru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Triglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), regulated by apolipoproteins C-II (apoC-II) and C-III (apoC-III), is essential for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis. During triglyceride lipolysis, the apoCs are known to be transferred from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but the detailed mechanisms of this transfer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the extent of the apoC transfers and their distribution in HDL subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3. Each HDL subfraction was incubated with VLDL or biotin-labeled VLDL, and apolipoproteins and lipids in the re-isolated HDL were quantified using western blotting and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In consequence, incubation with VLDL showed the increase of net amount of apoC-II and apoC-III in the HDL. HPLC analysis revealed that the biotin-labeled apolipoproteins, including apoCs and apolipoprotein E, were preferably transferred to the larger HDL3. No effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor on the apoC transfers was observed. Quantification of apoCs levels in HDL2 and HDL3 from healthy subjects (n = 8) showed large individual differences between apoC-II and apoC-III levels. These results suggest that both apoC-II and apoC-III transfer disproportionately from VLDL to HDL2 and the larger HDL3, and these transfers might be involved in individual triglyceride metabolism.
The semiotic puzzle: Authentic languages & international law
Authors: Chapdelaine-Feliciati Clara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe principle of the equal authority of authentic languages enshrined in theVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(1969) has created significant debates in the interpretation of multilingual treaties. In this context, the present article explores the complex ramifications of the legal translation of human rights treaty provisions and the “translatability” and transposition of legal concepts into other linguistic frameworks. It considers whether a semiotic analysis of the content of UN international human rights treaties conducted in a single authentic language, English or French, has araison d’être, in light of Victoria Welby’sThreefold Laws of Meaning. The article further assesses whether theSenseandSignificanceof treaty provisions will differ in distinct languages. It begins by examining the important role attributed to English and French at the international level. Secondly, it studies the problem of the variations between the meaning(s) of provisions enshrining rights in two or more authentic languages, namely Arabic, English, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, and which interpretation should prevail under the Vienna Convention.For this purpose, it considers problems that arise expressly in English and French by conducting a comparative study of these languages with the Spanish and Chinese texts of theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(1966).
Assessing baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes of social determinants of health after a health equity simulation
Authors: Phan Quyen , Johnson Naomi , Hillman JoAnna , Geller Daniel , Kimble Laura P. , Swan Beth Ann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
For nursing students, competency in population health management involves acquiring knowledge and forming attitudes about the impact of the social determinants of health (SDoH) on health equity. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about the SDoH and health equity following a focused simulation activity.

Method
Baccalaureate nursing students (N=182) participated in a ninety-minute health equity simulation and a post-simulation debrief. Forty-four students (23%) completed a 19-item post-simulation survey.

Results
Sixty-four percent of participants reported positive attitude change in working with marginalized populations caused by the SDoH, and 89% reported being knowledgeable about the role of the registered nurse in addressing health equity. Seventy-five percent reported enhanced knowledge of the SDoH through the health equity simulation.

Conclusion
Using health equity simulation may be effective in enhancing students’ knowledge, as well as their attitudes in caring for the health of marginalized populations by addressing the SDoH.
En(countering) Silence – Some Thoughts on Historical Justice after Memoricide
Authors: du Toit Fanie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This essay argues that public historians and transitional justice experts need one another’s input in at least two crucial tasks facing nations after episodes of mass violence. In challenging the silence that typically envelopes post-war situations, the faithful recording of lived experiences of victims after violence is both a necessity and exceedingly complex. Here, oral history initiatives can significantly assist forensic investigations to develop a fuller picture of the suffering and crimes committed, but also to turn truth-telling into a healing experience for victims who often find forensic truth-telling on its own re-traumatizing. Conversely in efforts to memorialize wars, periods of oppression and struggles of liberation, public historians will do well to take seriously the testimonies of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and other truth-telling fora in order to ensure that any exclusionary narratives which may arise after the conflict are themselves disrupted, even as a social consensus is fostered on the need to realize all the necessary guarantees of non-recurrence to avoid a return to a bad past.
The cross-sectional development of verb–noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing
Authors: Garner Jamie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies utilizing association measures for collocation analysis have demonstrated significant differences in second language (L2) collocation production across proficiency levels. However, the association strength measures utilized in these previous studies have neglected part of speech and grammatical information when calculating association strength between collocating words. The current study seeks to address these limitations by defining verb–noun collocations as constructions within the framework of Construction Grammar and analyzing their cross-sectional development in L2 writing. Texts from a corpus of L2 writing evenly divided into low, medium, and high proficiency levels were analyzed for verb–noun collocation frequency, diversity, and association strength using covarying collexeme analysis. Results showed that more proficient writers produced a more diverse range of verb–noun collocations that were less frequent and more positively and strongly associated. These results have clear implications for Usage-based Second Language Acquisition research, L2 collocation development research, and L2 writing pedagogy.
Exact solutions for the total variation denoising problem of piecewise constant images in dimension one
Authors: Cristoferi Riccardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA method for obtaining the exact solution for the total variation denoising problem of piecewise constant images in dimension one is presented. The validity of the algorithm relies on some results concerning the behavior of the solution when the parameter λ in front of the fidelity term varies. Albeit some of them are well-known in the community, here they are proved with simple techniques based on qualitative geometrical properties of the solutions.
Localized optical vortex solitons in pair plasmas
Authors: Medina Luciano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of short intense electromagnetic pulses propagating in a relativistic pair plasma is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a new type of focusing-defocusing saturable nonlinearity. In this context, we provide an existence theory for ring-profiled optical vortex solitons. We prove the existence of both saddle point and minimum type solutions. Via a constrained minimization approach, we prove the existence of solutions where the photon number may be prescribed, and we get the nonexistence of small-photon-number solutions. We also use the constrained minimization to compute the soliton’s profile as a function of the photon number and other relevant parameters.
Curcumin exerts hepatoprotection via overexpression of Paraoxonase-1 and its regulatory genes in rats undergone bile duct ligation
Authors: Khodarahmi Ameneh , Javidmehr Davoud , Eshaghian Azam , Ghoreshi Zohreh-al-sadat , Karimollah Alireza , Yousefi Hamidreza , Moradi Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Curcumin is described as an antioxidant, hepato-protective and antifibrotic in liver fibrosis, although its mechanism is still not known. One of the models of the chronic liver disease stemming from oxidative stress and the generation of free radical has been considered to be bile duct ligation (BDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a prominent antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, the objective of the present research is to assess the effects of curcumin on upregulation of PON1 in BDL rats.

Methods
As predicted, the rats have been divided into the four groups of Sham, Sham + Cur (curcumin), BDL and BDL + Cur. We evaluated the efficacy of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) on protein and gene expression of PON1 and regulatory genes contributed to the gene expression PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and regulation PON1 activity gene expression of Apo A1.

Results
Curcumin attenuated alterations in liver histology, hepatic enzymes and the mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (p<0.05). In addition, curcumin increased significantly mRNA, protein expression of PON1 and mRNA of the genes that are contributed to the expression of PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and increased PON1 activity through upregulation of Apo A1 (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Cirrhosis progression may be inhibited by treatment with curcumin through the increased influence the expression and activity of PON1.
Nilpotence relations in products of groups
Authors: Francalanci Giulio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo subgroupsAandBof a groupGare said to be𝒩{\mathcal{N}}-connected if, for allainAandbinB, the subgroup generated byaandbis a nilpotent group. In this paper, we study the structure of a groupGassuming thatG=A⁢B{G=AB}andAandBare𝒩{\mathcal{N}}-connected subgroups satisfying Max or Min.
Performance Optimization for a Multielement Thermoelectric Refrigerator with Linear Phenomenological Heat Transfer Law
Authors: Chen Lingen , Meng Fankai , Ge Yanlin , Feng Huijun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A model of a multielement thermoelectric refrigerator with another linear heat transfer law, the linear phenomenological heat transfer law

Q
∝
Δ
(
1
/
T
)

Q\propto \Delta (1/T)

, is established. The refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are analyzed and optimized. The junction temperature solution equations are derived. The optimum electrical currents and thermal conductance allocation are discussed. The influences of thermoelectric element quantity and refrigerating temperature difference on the optimum performances and optimum electrical currents are analyzed. The results show that different optimization objectives have different requirements for the distribution of electrical current and thermal conductance. The refrigeration capacity is not proportional to the number of thermoelectric elements. It is found that the refrigerating capacity can be achieved only when the number of thermoelectric elements is matched for fixed external heat exchangers. The input electrical current and the allocation of the thermal conductance between the two heat exchangers can be optimized synchronously to achieve maximum refrigerating capacity or maximum COP. Performance is compared with that with a Newtonian heat transfer law. The influences of the Thomson effect are also examined. Performance of the refrigerator with Newtonian heat transfer law is higher than that of the refrigerator with linear phenomenological heat transfer law. The Thomson effect can improve the performance of the refrigerator.
Population-based waist circumference reference values in Japanese children (0–6 years): comparisons with Dutch, Swedish and Turkish preschool children
Authors: Inokuchi Mikako , Matsuo Nobutake , Takayama John I , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
During 1978–1981 the Japanese Standards Association conducted a national survey to collect 64 distinct body measurements for Japanese children and adults. During 1978–1981, the prevalence of childhood obesity was relatively low yet the population was well nourished in Japanese children. The aim of this study is to construct waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio reference centile curves for Japanese preschool children.

Methods
We utilized 1978–1981 national survey data on body sizes. There are 4937 boys and 4758 girls age 0–6 years for waist circumference measurements. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus. Using LMS method, centile curves were constructed for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio. These reference values were compared with those of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children.

Results
Centile reference curves were made for clinical and epidemiological use. Japanese children had smaller waist circumference centile values as compared to waist circumference measured at the midpoint of the lowest rib cage and the iliac crest of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children. However, Japanese children had comparable waist circumference to stature ratio centile values to those of Dutch and Turkish children.

Conclusions
This study presents the first age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio in Japanese preschool children.
Consumption, Aggregate Wealth and Expected Stock Returns: An FCVAR Approach
Authors: Quineche Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In their seminal work, Lettau, M., and S. Ludvigson, 2001, “Consumption, Aggregate Wealth, and Expected Stock Returns.” The Journal of Finance 56 (3): 815–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00347, demonstrated that there exists a long-run relationship between consumption, asset holdings, and labor income. They denoted this relationship as cay and showed it to be quite successful in predicting the behavior of real stock returns. Their estimation procedure assumes that consumption, asset wealth, and labor income are first-order integrated (I(1), nonstationary) and that their linear combination forms a zero-order integrated (I(0), stationary) series. This paper proposes a more general framework in the estimation of the cay model by allowing both the series and the long-run equilibrium to be fractionally integrated. We use the recently developed Fractionally Cointegrated VAR (FCVAR) approach to estimate the cay model. Results show that: (i) the series are nonstationary but mean-reverting processes, (ii) there exists a long-run equilibrium between consumption, asset wealth, and labor income, (iii) this long-run relationship is a stationary fractionally integrated process, and (iv) the estimated cay using the FCVAR approach shows the same desirable forecasting properties as its predecessor.