bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical patterns of environmental variation favor adaptive transgenerational plasticity
Authors: Colicchio Jack M. , Herman Jacob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEffects of parental environment on offspring traits have been well known for decades. Interest in this transgenerational form of phenotypic plasticity has recently surged due to advances in our understanding of its mechanistic basis. Theoretical research has simultaneously advanced by predicting the environmental conditions that should favor the adaptive evolution of transgenerational plasticity. Yet whether such conditions actually exist in nature remains largely unexplored. Here, using long‐term climate data, we modeled optimal levels of transgenerational plasticity for an organism with a one‐year life cycle at a spatial resolution of 4 km2across the continental United States. Both annual temperature and precipitation levels were often autocorrelated, but the strength and direction of these autocorrelations varied considerably even among nearby sites. When present, such environmental autocorrelations render offspring environments statistically predictable based on the parental environment, a key condition for the adaptive evolution of transgenerational plasticity. Results of our optimality models were consistent with this prediction: High levels of transgenerational plasticity were favored at sites with strong environmental autocorrelations, and little‐to‐no transgenerational plasticity was favored at sites with weak or nonexistent autocorrelations. These results are among the first to show that natural patterns of environmental variation favor the evolution of adaptive transgenerational plasticity. Furthermore, these findings suggest that transgenerational plasticity is likely variable in nature, depending on site‐specific patterns of environmental variation.
Ecosystem effects of the world’s largest invasive animal
Authors: Shurin Jonathan B. , Aranguren-Riaño Nelson , Duque Negro Daniel , Echeverri Lopez David , Jones Natalie T. , Laverde‐R Oscar , Neu Alexander , Pedroza Ramos Adriana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe keystone roles of mega‐fauna in many terrestrial ecosystems have been lost to defaunation. Large predators and herbivores often play keystone roles in their native ranges, and some have established invasive populations in new biogeographic regions. However, few empirical examples are available to guide expectations about how mega‐fauna affect ecosystems in novel environmental and evolutionary contexts. We examined the impacts on aquatic ecosystems of an emerging population of hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibus) that has been growing in Colombia over the last 25 yr. Hippos in Africa fertilize lakes and rivers by grazing on land and excreting wastes in the water. Stable isotopes indicate that terrestrial sources contribute more carbon in Colombian lakes containing hippo populations, and daily dissolved oxygen cycles suggest that their presence stimulates ecosystem metabolism. Phytoplankton communities were more dominated by cyanobacteria in lakes with hippos, and bacteria, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrate communities were similar regardless of hippo presence. Our results suggest that hippos recapitulate their role as ecosystem engineers in Colombia, importing terrestrial organic matter and nutrients with detectable impacts on ecosystem metabolism and community structure in the early stages of invasion. Ongoing range expansion may pose a threat to water resources.
Calotropis gigantea leaves assisted biosynthesis of ZnO and Ag@ZnO catalysts for degradation of rhodamine B dye in aqueous medium
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Siddique Mohsin , Ibrahim Muhammad , Akram Nadia , Usman Muhammad , Aleem Muhammad A. , Baig Afifa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe semiconductor metal oxides based photocatalysis is one of the efficient techniques used for eradication of pollutants from wastewater. The plants mediated biosynthesis of metal oxides have got much interest due to environmentally friendly and cost‐effective nature. This article reports the Calotropis gigantea mediated biosynthesis of ZnO and Ag@ZnO as effective catalysts for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. After characterization with advanced techniques, the biosynthesized ZnO and Ag@ZnO were tested as photocatalysts on degradation of RhB dye under irradiation. The catalytic activity of ZnO and Ag@ZnO was estimated in terms of decolorization, COD, and TOC removal. Results showed that 50.4 and 90.2% decolorization, 41.3 and 74.8% removal of COD, and 45.3 and 83.5% removal of TOC were measured over ZnO and Ag@ZnO as photocatalysts in 120 min, respectively. The biosynthesized Ag@ZnO was a stable and reusable catalyst in degradation experiments.
Family‐based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa: What happens to rates of comorbid diagnoses?
Authors: Trainor Claire , Gorrell Sasha , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Burton Claire , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveRates of psychiatric comorbidity are elevated in adolescents with anorexia nervosa, but little is known about how psychiatric comorbidity changes following family‐based treatment (FBT).MethodsAdolescents with anorexia nervosa (N = 107) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing two forms of FBT completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents at baseline and end of treatment. Analyses tested whether baseline comorbid diagnoses predicted the presence of comorbid diagnoses at end of treatment and if baseline eating disorder psychopathology impacted this association.ResultsRates of comorbid diagnoses decreased from 54% at baseline to 26% at end of treatment. Logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with multiple comorbid diagnoses at baseline were more likely to meet criteria for a comorbid condition at end of treatment (b = 2.00, p < .05). Individuals with reported psychotropic medication use were less likely to meet criteria for a comorbid condition at end of treatment (b = −1.63, p = .04). Diagnostic rates for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder/agoraphobia decreased following FBT.ConclusionsFindings suggest that FBT for adolescent anorexia nervosa may aid in the resolution of some co‐occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Continued research is needed to understand factors contributing to comorbid symptom improvement throughout treatment.
The generalizability of Older Adult Self‐Report (OASR) syndromes of psychopathology across 20 societies
Authors: Ivanova Masha Y. , Achenbach Thomas M. , Rescorla Leslie A. , Turner Lori V. , Dumas Julie A. , Almeida Vera , Anafarta‐Sendag Meltem , Bite Ieva , Boomsma Dorret I. , Caldas J. Carlos , Capps John W. , Chen Yi‐Chuen , Colombo Paola , da Silva Oliveira Margareth , Dobrean Anca , Erol Nese , Frigerio Alessandra , Funabiki Yasuko , Gedutienė Reda , Guðmundsson Halldór S. , Heo Min Quan , Kim Young Ah , Lee Tih‐Shih , Leite Manuela , Liu Jianghong , Markovic Jasminka , Misiec Monika , Müller Marcus , Oh Kyung Ja , Portillo‐Reyes Verónica , Retz Wolfgang , Sebre Sandra B. , Shi Shupeng , Sigurðardóttir Sigurveig H. , Šimulionienė Roma , Sokoli Elvisa , Tomasevic Tanja , Vink Jacqueline M. , Zasępa Ewa 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesAs the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co‐occurring problems derived from self‐ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self‐ratings by elders in 19 other societies.Methods/designThe Older Adult Self‐Report (OASR) was completed by 12 826 adults who were 60 to 102 years old in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the United States. Individual and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the fit of the seven‐syndrome OASR model, consisting of the Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited syndromes.ResultsIn individual CFAs, the primary model fit index showed good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of .63 across 20 societies, and 98.7% of the loadings were statistically significant. In multigroup CFAs, 98% of items demonstrated approximate or full metric invariance. Fifteen percent of items demonstrated approximate or full scalar invariance, and another 59% demonstrated scalar invariance across more than half of societies.ConclusionsThe findings supported the generalizability of OASR syndromes across societies. The seven syndromes offer empirically based clinical constructs that are relevant for elders of different backgrounds. They can be used to assess diverse elders and as a taxonomic framework to facilitate communication, services, research, and training in geriatric psychiatry.
Enhanced locomotor performance on familiar surfaces is uncoupled from morphological plasticity in Anolis lizards
Authors: Feiner Nathalie , Munch Kirke L. , Jackson Illiam S. C. , Uller Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe radiation of Anolis lizards in the Caribbean is associated with a diversification of the functional match between morphology, habitat use, and locomotor performance. It has been hypothesized that the microhabitat a lizard is reared in can achieve a similar fit of form and function within a species. This predicts that plasticity in the locomotor apparatus is accompanied by changes in perching behavior or improved locomotor performance. To test this, we raised juveniles of two species (Anolis sagrei and Anolis carolinensis) on either broad or narrow surfaces and examined perching behavior and locomotor performance as well as the shape of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, limb length, and thickness of the long bones. Perching behavior was not affected by the habitat surface experienced during ontogeny. However, individuals raised on broad surfaces showed better locomotor performance on broad surfaces, and the magnitude of the effect was as large as the difference between the two species. Both species showed modifications of pectoral and pelvic shape, but only A. carolinensis developed longer limbs on broad surfaces. However, these morphological adjustments induced by physical activity did not explain why lizards raised on broad surfaces performed better. Thus, it appears that early‐life experiences can affect both the morphology of the locomotor apparatus and locomotor performance in Anolis lizards, without the two being functionally connected.
Comprehensive formulae for effective length of multiple grounding electrodes considering different aspects of soils: Simplified multiconductor transmission line‐intelligent water drop approach
Authors: Sajjadi Seyyed S. , Aghajani Vahid , Ostadzadeh Saeed R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an approximate modeling approach called simplified multiconductor transmission line model (simplified MTL) is proposed for transient analyses of multiple grounding electrodes. Since this approach is in the frequency domain, the effect of soil dispersion (frequency variation of soil electrical parameters) is easily incorporated. In addition, the soil ionization effect is treated as gradually increasing radius of the electrode. With the use of this approach, predicting formulae for effective length of multiple grounding electrodes considering both ionization and dispersion are proposed for the first time. Finally, combining the extracted formulae with the apparent resistivity in two‐layer soils, effective length in such soils is easily predicted.
Rapid redesign of multiband antennas with respect to operating conditions and material parameters of substrate
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work addresses geometry parameter scaling of multiband antennas for Internet of Things applications. The presented approach is comprehensive and permits redesign of the structure with respect to both the operating frequencies and material parameters of the dielectric substrate. A two‐step procedure is developed with the initial design obtained from an inverse surrogate model constructed using a set of appropriately prepared reference points and the final design identified through an iterative correction procedure. The latter is necessary in order to account for limited accuracy of the surrogate. The proposed approach is validated using a dual‐band microstrip patch antenna scaled over wide ranges of operating frequencies (1.5‐2.5 GHz for the lower band and 5.0‐6.0 GHz for the upper band), substrate thickness (0.7‐1.5 mm), and substrate permittivity (2.5‐3.5). The redesign cost corresponds to only up to three electromagnetic simulations of the antenna at hand. Reliability of the process is confirmed through experimental validation of the fabricated antenna prototypes.
Temporal and spatial variations of convection, clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau from recent satellite observations. Part II: Precipitation climatology derived from global precipitation measurement mission
Authors: Kukulies Julia , Chen Deliang , Wang Minghuai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis sequence of papers examines spatio‐temporal variations of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on satellite observations. Here in Part 2, spatial patterns of seasonal and diurnal variations of precipitation have been examined based on the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) and three additional satellite products. The results show a spatial dipole pattern of two distinct seasonalities: The central TP is marked by strong July peaks and exhibits rainfall contributions of the monsoon season (May–September) of more than 70%, whereas northwestern and southern regions of the plateau exhibit significantly smaller amplitudes in the annual cycle. In some southern regions which are characterized by very high summer mean precipitation and more extreme rain rates, winter months (October–April) contribute significantly to the total annual mean precipitation. In addition, there are larger differences in seasonal curves along a west‐to‐east axis, than along a north‐to‐south axis. The spatial patterns of diurnal precipitation over the TP are more complex compared to seasonality and point to multiple components, which construct the regional differences. These show also a seasonal dependence and are characterized by a stronger afternoon to early evening peak (17:00 LST time, 11:00 UTC) and weaker nighttime peak (23:00 LST, 17:00 UTC) during the monsoon season and over the plateau compared to its surroundings. Furthermore, it was shown that convective precipitation during the monsoon season contribute only up to 30% to the total precipitation, whereas more than 70% is produced by the 90th percentile of daily rain rates. An important characteristic of summer precipitation is hence that a significant part of the extreme precipitation is non‐convective. This paper reveals new features of spatial patterns in seasonal and diurnal precipitation and highlights the importance of non‐monsoonal components for seasonal precipitation variations.
Effect of graft positioning on dissipated energy in knee osteochondral autologous transplantation—A biomechanical study
Authors: Walter Christian , Trappe Dominik , Beck Alexander , Jacob Christopher , Hofmann Ulf Krister 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFocal cartilage defects can be treated by osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT). High congruence of the graft with the surrounding cartilage structure is essential for a good clinical outcome, but can not always be achieved. We recently established a method to measure dissipated energy (DE) as a friction parameter in knee joints. We now investigated how autograft harvesting and implant positioning affect the DE during knee motion. Six sheep knee joints were cyclically motioned under 400 N axial load. During the cyclic motion, the flexion angle and the respective torque were recorded and the DE was calculated. Several experimental conditions were tested: first, the DE was measured after approach had been performed (“native”). Subsequently, a cylinder was removed from the medial femur condyles and a donor cylinder was inserted from an unloaded site in four different transplant positions: even, 1 mm deeper, 1 mm higher, and flush without cartilage (defect). No significant changes in friction were observed between the native knee and an even or deep OAT positioning. We, however, found a small but significant increase in DE between the “native” and “1 mm high” formations (ΔDE compared with native = 14 mJ/cycle; P = .004 after data normalization) and a large increase in defect situation (ΔDE compared with native = 119 mJ/cycle; P = .001). Considering the long‐term therapeutic aim that is pursued when performing OAT, elevated graft positioning should clearly be avoided. From a biomechanical point of view, donor site morbidity after cylinder harvest can be neglected.
Growth differentiation factor 11 impairs titanium implant healing in the femur and leads to mandibular bone loss
Authors: Liu Weiqing , Zhou Liyan , Xue Hanxiao , Li Hanshi , Yuan Quan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a secreted member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, has recently been suggested as an anti‐aging factor that declines with age in the bloodstream, and restoration of the youthful level by administration of its recombinant protein could reverse age‐related dysfunctions. However, its effects on titanium implant osseointegration and mandibular bone during aging remain unknown.MethodsTwo‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old C57BL male mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Experimental titanium implants were inserted into femurs on the fourth week. Inhibition of GDF11 function was achieved by GDF11 antibody. Implant‐bearing femurs were subjected to histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical evaluation. Mandibles were scanned with micro‐CT and decalcified for histological measurements.ResultsIn both young adult and aged mice, supraphysiologic GDF11 leads to a significantly decreased bone‐to‐implant contact ratio (BIC) and peri‐implant bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) at the histologic level and reduced resistance at the biomechanical level, indicating weakened implant fixation. Moreover, rGDF11 administration resulted in less trabecular bone volume and thinner cortical thickness in the mandible, which was further compromised in the old animals. In contrast, inhibition of GDF11 improved peri‐implant bone healing in old mice.ConclusionsRather than functioning as a rejuvenating factor, exogenous GDF11 negatively affects not only titanium implant healing but also mandibular bone in both young and old mice. In contrast, neutralization of endogenous GDF11 has positive effects on implant fixation in aged mice.
Learning curve for sentinel lymph node mapping in gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Ryu Ki Jin , Min Kyung Jin , Lee Sanghoon , Jung Un Suk , Hong Jin Hwa , Song Jae Yun , Lee Jae Kwan , Lee Nak Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOnly a few studies have reported the learning curve for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in gynecologic malignancies. We investigated the learning curve for SLN detection during robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery for endometrial and cervical carcinomas.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients with stage IA to IIA1 cervical cancer or stage I to III endometrial cancer who underwent SLN mapping using indocyanine green during robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery performed by a single surgeon. Learning curves were analyzed in consecutive cases using SLN detection rates and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method.ResultsSLN mapping was achieved in 81.25% (65/80), 77.50% (62/80), and 66.25% (53/80) of the cases involving the right, left, and simultaneous bilateral pelvic areas, respectively. Learning curve analysis based on the cumulative detection rate showed initial fluctuations followed by stabilization; the time required for proficiency was discordant among the LN regions. However, the CUSUM method showed proficient mapping of the right, left, and bilateral SLNs after 27 to 28 cases.ConclusionAt least 27 cases were required for SLN mapping proficiency in gynecologic cancer; the learning period could influence the surgical quality. Further studies are warranted to confirm the impact of this learning curve on disease outcomes.
Kinetics of chemical absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous calcium acetate solution
Authors: Uysal Ziraman Duygu , Doğan Özkan Murat , Uysal Bekir Zühtü 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing energy demand in the world leads to more electricity generation mainly at fossil fuel power plants. Greenhouse gases are thus produced and mostly emitted to the atmosphere directly, resulting in global warming and climate change. Carbon dioxide is believed to be a main pollutant among greenhouse gases responsible from global warming. Conventional systems using mostly amine solutions to capture carbon dioxide at the source have some disadvantages, and alternatives are constantly being searched. In this work, a benign system of aqueous calcium acetate solution was investigated for this purpose. Calcium acetate is easy to produce, relatively cheap, environmentally friendly, nonhazardous, and noncorrosive. These properties make it a great alternative for use in capturing carbon dioxide. This absorption process is accompanied by chemical reaction. Therefore, the reaction kinetics needs to be investigated before its use in absorbers. A stirred cell reactor was used in the experiments using aqueous calcium acetate solution of different concentrations (2‐20% w/w) and different carbon dioxide concentrations in gas mixtures (4.5‐100% v/v dry carbon dioxide) at temperatures ranging from 286 to 352 K. The Gibbs free energy change for the overall reaction between carbon dioxide and aqueous calcium acetate solution was found to be –2.75 kJ/mol that shows the reaction is exergonic and occurs spontaneously. It was also found out that the reaction is pseudo–first order with respect to carbon dioxide which was also proven by calculating the Hatta number. Activation energy and Arrhenius (frequency) constant were also determined experimentally.