bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Cu2O/TiO2 Heterojunction Nanocomposite for Rhodamine B Degradation under Visible Light
Authors: Nie Junkun , Yu Xiaojiao , Hu Dexiu , Wang Ting , Liu Zongbin , Zhao Ningning , Li Junpeng , Yao Binghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCu2O/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposite particles were prepared through hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), static nitrogen adsorption apparatus, DelsaNano C particle analyzer, SEM, TEM, ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer (UV‐Vis) were employed to characterize and reveal the microcosmic characteristics, surface micromorphology and optical features of the Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposite particles. The photocatalytic degradation regularity of rhodamine B utilizing Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposite was optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM), and the quadratic regression equation of the degradation rate and coding of experimental variables were constructed. First principle calculation was applied through density function theory (DFT), the binding energies of the heterojunction of multiple Cu2O crystal surfaces and TiO2 were computed by Vienna Ab‐Initio Simulation Package. The results showed that the prepared Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposite crystal nanoparticles had high purity with a Cu2O crystallization preferential orientation of (111) plane. TiO2 doped Cu2O nanocomposite increased the forbidden band width, specific surface, dispersibility and absorbance efficiency in the visible light range. R2 value of the constructed quadratic regression equation was 0.9233, showing the constructed regression model was available and the photocatalytic process and the established model had good fitness. The optimum conditions for the rhodamine B degradation were obtained as follows: the photocatalytic time was 3 h, the amount of catalyst was 40 mg/L and the solution pH value was 3. The experimental degradation rate of rhodamine B was predicted to be 91.8% and the relative error between the theoretical value and the experimental value was 2.8%. All the calculated binding energies of Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposites were positive and Cu2O (111)/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposites were most likely to present high catalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism, transfer and separation laws of photogenerated carriers of Cu2O/TiO2 p‐n heterojuncion were explored and revealed.
Synergistic Catalytic Effect of Hollow Carbon Nanosphere and Silver Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Zhongqin , Zhang Haizhou , Ma Xiaochun , Zhou Xiaoming , Liang Dong , Mao Jianfeng , Fang Hengyi , Yu Jiemei , Sun Yue , Huang Taizhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and high‐performance catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for fuel cell applications. In this study, hollow carbon nano‐spheres (HCNS) are synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used as the support for silver nano‐particles (Ag@HCNS) as the ORR catalyst. The morphology of Ag@HCNS is investigated by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other methodologies. Results show that the silver nanoparticles with a diameter from 3 to 6 nm are evenly distributed on the surface of HCNS. The catalytic performances of the HCNS and Ag@HCNS for ORR are investigated by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweeping voltammetry, rotating disc and rotating ring disc electrode tests. The synergistic effect between HCNS and Ag nanoparticles plays the major role on the high catalytic activity of Ag@HCNS for ORR. The onset potential of Ag@HCNS (0.82 V v.s. RHE) catalyzed ORR is close to that of Pt/C catalyst. In addition, the reaction kinetics study shows that the Ag@HCNS catalyzed ORR major proceeds through 4‐electron style. This paper promotes the understanding of the happening mechanism of ORR on the surface of novel carbon supported metal nanoparticles.
Selective Turn‐On Aluminium Ions Detection of NBD(+) Appended Schiff‐Base Fluorophore
Authors: Balagurusamy Balajothi , Ilayaperumal Pradeep , Zorlu Yunus , Chellaiah Raja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Al3+ sensor, 7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1, 3‐diazole (NBD) derived fluorescent probe 2‐((E)‐(4‐(phenylamino)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol‐7‐ylimino)methyl) phenol (3) was synthesized and characterized by various spectral methods and crystallography. The compound (3) exhibits dual channel (fluorometric and colorimetric) sensor behaviour. It has high selectivity for Al3+ detection, produced significant fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Al3+ ion. It shows ‘‘turn off–on’’ fluorescent responses toward Al3+ in semi aqueous medium. Here, the correlative the properties of a photo sensor (NBD based schiff‘s base 3 with normal NBD derivatives 1, 2) towards Al3+ was studied. The solvent effect and cation sensing properties were investigated from ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The facile synthetic probe 3 will alternative and open new opportunities in bio‐imaging of Al3+ in various cell lines. This will certainly be helpful in understanding the fundamental mechanism of aluminium‐induced human diseases.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of O‐Pentyne Substituted Diphenylpyrimidines as Monoamine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Kumar Bhupinder , Ranjan Dwivedi Ashish , Mehta Devashish , Kumar Naveen , Bajaj Beenu , Arora Tania , Prashar Vikash , Parkash Jyoti , Kumar Vinod 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder and single target directed drugs have been found ineffective in the retardation or reversal of disease state. In last few years, multi‐targeting agents are being explored as drug strategy for the effective treatment of AD. A series of (4‐(pent‐4‐yn‐1‐yloxy)phenyl)‐2‐phenylpyrimidine derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated against monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. Most of the synthesized compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of MAO−A, MAO−B and AChE enzymes with IC50 values in low micromolar range. In the series, BD‐13 and BD‐14 were found to be the most potent dual inhibitors of MAO−A and AChE enzymes. BD‐13 showed MAO−A and AChE inhibition with IC50 values of 0.78±0.12 μM and 2.84±0.19 μM, respectively. Similarly, BD‐14 showed potent inhibition activities against MAO−A and AChE enzymes with IC50 values of 0.75±0.04 μM and 2.19±0.06 μM, respectively. In reversibility studies, BD‐13 and BD‐14 were found to be reversible inhibitors of both MAO−A and AChE enzymes. In the cytotoxicity studies, BD‐13 and BD‐14 were found to be non‐toxic to the SH‐SY5Y cells. In the molecular dynamic simulation studies of 30 ns, both the potent compounds were found to be thermodynamically stable in the active sites of MAO−A and AChE. Thus, BD‐13 and BD‐14 can be used as lead compounds for the development of more potent compounds for the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Granular hydrogels for 3D bioprinting applications
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhang Jing , Liu Ji , Yu Ziyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGranular hydrogels are the conglomerations of micrometer‐sized hydrogel particles that have recently become promising in tissue growth and three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Recent advances in the use of jamming transition of granular hydrogels represent a potential paradigm shift in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. These dynamic granular hydrogels are shear thinning and self‐healing, enable higher printing performance, and the creation of better physiological conditions for heterocellular constructs. Here, we review the current efforts to explore materials to produce granular hydrogels with novel functional properties, focusing on the granular hydrogels that can be used for supporting baths and bioinks in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. The recent advances, benefits, and challenges in this emerging area are highlighted.
Residuals, sludge, and biosolids: Advancements in the field
Authors: Brisolara Kari B. , Gentile Bailey , Puszykowski Kate , Bourgeois John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvancements in the field of residuals, sludge, and biosolids have been made in 2019. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer‐reviewed journals and conference proceedings throughout 2019 and includes brief summaries from over 125 articles. The review is organized in sections including life cycle and risk assessments; characteristics, quality, and measurement including micropollutants, nanoparticles, pathogens, and metals; sludge treatment technologies including dewatering, digestion, composting, and wetlands; disposal and reuse including adsorbents, land application and agricultural uses, nutrient recovery, and innovative uses; odor and air emissions; and energy issues.
Scalable haloscopes for axion dark matter detection in the 30 μeV range with RADES
Authors: Melcón A. Álvarez , Cuendis S. Arguedas , Cogollos C. , Díaz-Morcillo A. , Döbrich B. , Gallego J. D. , Barceló J. M. García , Gimeno B. , Golm J. , Irastorza I. G. , Lozano-Guerrero A. J. , Malbrunot C. , Millar A. , Navarro P. , Garay C. Peña , Redondo J. , Wuensch W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
RADES (Relic Axion Detector Exploratory Setup) is a project with the goal of directly searching for axion dark matter above the 30μeV scale employing custom-made microwave filters in magnetic dipole fields. Currently RADES is taking data at the LHC dipole of the CAST experiment. In the long term, the RADES cavities are envisioned to take data in the BabyIAXO magnet. In this article we report on the modelling, building and characterisation of an optimised microwave-filter design with alternating irises that exploits maximal coupling to axions while being scalable in length without suffering from mode-mixing. We develop the mathematical formalism and theoretical study which justifies the performance of the chosen design. We also point towards the applicability of this formalism to optimise the MADMAX dielectric haloscopes.
A singular way to search for heavy resonances in missing energy events
Authors: Park Chan Beom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phase space of visible particles in missing energy events may have singularity structures. The singularity variables are devised to capture the singularities effectively for given event topology. They can greatly improve the discovery potential of new physics signals as well as to extract the mass spectrum information at hadron colliders. Focusing on the antler decay topology of resonance, we derive a novel singularity variable whose distribution has endpoints directly correlated with the resonance mass. As a practical application, we examine the applicability of the singularity variable to the searches for heavy neutral Higgs bosons in the two-Higgs doublet model.
Holographic complexity bounds
Authors: Liu Hai-Shan , Lü H. , Ma Liang , Tan Wen-Di 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the action growth rate in the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) patch for a variety of D ≥ 4 black holes in Einstein gravity that are asymptotic to the anti-de Sitter spacetime, with spherical, toric and hyperbolic horizons, corresponding to the topological parameter k = 1, 0, −1 respectively. We find a lower bound inequality $$ {\left.\frac{1}{T}\frac{\partial {\overset{\cdot }{I}}_{\mathrm{WDW}}}{\partial S}\right|}_{Q,{P}_{\mathrm{th}}}>C $$

1
T

∂

I
⋅

WDW

∂
S

Q
,

P
th

>
C
for k = 0, 1, where C is some order-one numerical constant. The lowest number in our examples is C = (D − 3)/(D − 2). We also find that the quantity $$ \left({\overset{\cdot }{I}}_{\mathrm{WDW}}-2{P}_{\mathrm{th}}\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{th}}\right) $$

I
⋅

WDW

−
2

P
th

Δ

V
th

is greater than, equal to, or less than zero, for k = 1, 0, −1 respectively. For black holes with two horizons, ∆Vth = $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^{+} $$

V
th
+

−$$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^{-} $$

V
th
−

, i.e. the difference between the thermodynamical volumes of the outer and inner horizons. For black holes with only one horizon, we introduce a new concept of the volume $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

of the black hole singularity, and define $$ \Delta {V}_{\mathrm{th}}={V}_{\mathrm{th}}^{+}-{V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$
Δ

V
th

=

V
th
+

−

V
th
0

. The volume $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

vanishes for the Schwarzschild black hole, but in general it can be positive, negative or even divergent. For black holes with single horizon, we find a relation between $$ {\overset{\cdot }{I}}_{\mathrm{WDW}} $$

I
⋅

WDW

and $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

, which implies that the holographic complexity preserves the Lloyd’s bound for positive or vanishing $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

, but the bound is violated when $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

becomes negative. We also find explicit black hole examples where $$ {V}_{\mathrm{th}}^0 $$

V
th
0

and hence $$ {\overset{\cdot }{I}}_{\mathrm{WDW}} $$

I
⋅

WDW

are divergent.
Holographic Abrikosov lattices
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Pantelidou Christiana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study black hole solutions of D = 4 Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a charged scalar field that are holographically dual to a d = 3 conformal field theory with a non-vanishing chemical potential and constant magnetic field. We numerically construct black hole solutions that are dual to a superfluid phase with a periodic lattice of vortices. For the specific model we investigate, we find that the thermodynamically preferred con- figuration is given by a triangular lattice and moreover the vortices are associated with the lowest Landau level. We also construct black holes describing a lattice of vortices associated with the next to lowest Landau level and while these are not thermodynamically preferred they exhibit some interesting features that could be realised for other holographic models.
D3-brane loop amplitudes from M5-brane tree amplitudes
Authors: Wen Congkao , Zhang Shun-Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study loop corrections to scattering amplitudes in the world-volume theory of a probe D3-brane, which is described by the supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld theory. We show that the D3-brane loop superamplitudes can be obtained from the tree-level superamplitudes in the world-volume theory of a probe M5-brane (or D5-brane). The M5-brane theory describes self-interactions of an abelian tensor supermultiplet with (2, 0) supersymmetry, and the tree-level superamplitudes are given by a twistor formula. We apply the construction to the maximally-helicity-violating (MHV) amplitudes in the D3- brane theory at one-loop order, which are purely rational terms (except for the four-point amplitude). The results are further confirmed by generalised unitarity methods. Through a supersymmetry reduction on the M5-brane tree-level superamplitudes, we also construct one-loop corrections to the non-supersymmetric D3-brane amplitudes, which agree with the known results in the literature.
Stabilizability in optimal control
Authors: Lai Anna Chiara , Motta Monica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe extend the classical concepts of sampling and Euler solutions for control systems associated to discontinuous feedbacks by considering also the corresponding costs. In particular, we introduce the notions of Sample and Euler stabilizability to a closed target set$$\mathbf{C}$$Cwith$$({p_{0}},W)$$(p0,W)-regulated cost, for some continuous, state-dependent functionWand some constant$${p_{0}}>0$$p0>0: it roughly means that we require the existence of a stabilizing feedbackKsuch that all the corresponding sampling and Euler solutions starting from a pointzhavesuitably definedfinite costs, bounded above by$$W(z)/{p_{0}}$$W(z)/p0. Then, we show how the existence of a special, semiconcave Control Lyapunov FunctionW, called$${p_{0}}$$p0-Minimum Restraint Function, allows us to construct explicitly such a feedbackK. When dynamics and Lagrangian are Lipschitz continuous in the state variable, we prove thatKas above can be still obtained if there exists a$${p_{0}}$$p0-Minimum Restraint Function which is merely Lipschitz continuous. An example on the stabilizability with$$({p_{0}},W)$$(p0,W)-regulated cost of the nonholonomic integrator control system associated toany costwith bounded Lagrangian illustrates the results.
Sensitivity analysis of the artificial neural networks in a system for durability prediction of forging tools to forgings made of C45 steel
Authors: Mrzygłód Barbara , Hawryluk Marek , Janik Marta , Olejarczyk-Wożeńska Izabela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article presents the results of a sensitivity analysis of artificial neural networks developed for a system which predicts the durability of forging tools used in the selected hot die forging process. The developed system makes it possible to calculate the geometric loss of the examined tool for the given values of its operating parameters (number of forgings, tool temperature at selected points, type of the applied protective layer, pressure and path of friction) and estimates the intensity of the occurrence of typical mechanisms of tool destruction, i.e. thermo-mechanical fatigue, mechanical wear, abrasive wear and plastic deformation. Nine neural networks operate in the developed system. Five of them determine the geometric loss of the material used for tools operating with protective layers, including a nitrided layer, a pad welded layer and three hybrid layers, i.e. AlCrTiSiN, Cr/CrN and Cr/AlCrTiN. Four networks make calculations determining the intensity of the occurrence of typical destructive mechanisms. The developed sensitivity analysis allows for each neural network to show which input parameters are most important and have the greatest impact on the explained variables. This is determined based on the network error analysis in the case of elimination of individual variables from the input data. The greater the network error calculated after rejecting an input variable relative to the error obtained for the network with all the input variables, the more sensitive the network to the lack of this variable. The best compliance was obtained for the first developed set of networks regarding the geometric loss of material, while the lowest compliance was obtained for the second developed set of networks regarding the applied protective layers, and in particular for plastic deformation and mechanical fatigue, probably due to the smallest size of these sets in the knowledge base. The obtained results of this analysis are important for the system operation, i.e. supporting the technologist’s decision in the selection of such process parameter values that will increase the die’s lifetime.
An energy gap phenomenon for the Whitney sphere
Authors: Zhang Liuyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study Lagrangian surfaces satisfying $$\nabla ^*T=0$$

∇
∗

T
=
0

, where $$T=-2\nabla ^*(\check{A}\lrcorner \omega )$$

T
=
-
2

∇
∗

(

A
ˇ

⌟
ω
)

and $$\check{A}$$

A
ˇ

is the Lagrangian trace-free second fundamental form. We obtain a gap lemma for such a Lagrangian surface.
The influence of a porous, compliant layer with overlying discrete roughness elements as exhaust pipe wall on friction and heat transfer
Authors: Reurings C. , Koussios S. , Bergsma O. K. , Breugem W.-P. , Vergote K. , Paeshuyse L. , Benedictus R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to experimentally establish the combined influence on the flow and thermal resistance of an exhaust pipe wall formed by a porous, compliant layer with overlying discrete roughness elements exposed to the pulsating exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine. Through measuring the streamwise pressure drop over and radial temperature differences in different pipe samples for a range of flow states with different Reynolds numbers and non-dimensional pulsation frequencies, the effects were discerned. The configurations of the sample walls covered a range of mesh pitches, compliant-layer densities, and compliant-layer compression ratios. The (non-sinusoidally) pulsating exhaust gas flow spanned the following range: Reb (= ubD/νb) = 1⋅ 104 - 3⋅ 104, Tb = 500 - 800 ∘C, ω+(= $\omega \nu _{b} / u_{\tau }^{2} $
ω

ν

b

/

u

τ

2

) = 0.003 - 0.040. The friction factors were found to be effectively constant with Reynolds number and non-dimensional pulsation frequency while the variation with insulation density/compression was not significant. Additionally, for both mesh pitches, the measured friction factors were in line with those reported in literature for similar geometries with steady flow and solid walls. Together this indicates that neither compliance nor the pulsations in the exhaust gas flow significantly affect the friction for this configuration. Comparison of the samples based on the derived thermal resistance showed a similar influence of the fluid-wall interface as for the friction. Additionally a distinct influence of compression, independent of the insulation density, was observed that increases with increasing temperature. It was concluded that the increased resistance was due to additional radiation resistance because of fibre reorientation due to compression.
Muography and Its Potential Applications to Mining and Rock Engineering
Authors: Zhang Zong-Xian , Enqvist Timo , Holma Marko , Kuusiniemi Pasi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMuography is a novel imaging method using natural cosmic-ray radiation for characterising and monitoring variation in average material density in a diverse range of objects that cannot be imaged by conventional imaging techniques. Muography includes muon radiography and muon tomography. Cosmic-ray-induced muons were discovered in the 1930’s, but rapid development of both muographic techniques has only occurred in the last two decades. With this rapid development, muography has been applied or tested in many fields such as volcano imaging, archaeology, underground structure and tunnel detection, rock mass density measurements, cargo scanning, imaging of nuclear waste and reactors, and monitoring of historical buildings and the inside of blast furnaces. Although applications of muography have already touched mining and rock engineering, such applications are still rare and they are just beginning to enter the market. Based on this background, this paper aims to introduce muography into the fields of mining and rock engineering. First, the basic properties of muons are summarized briefly. Second, potential applications of muography to mining and rock engineering are described. These applications include (1) monitoring temporal changes in the average material density of fracturing and deforming rock mass; (2) detecting geological structures and isolated ore bodies or weak zones in mines; (3) detecting a reservoir or boulders during tunnelling or drifting; (4) monitoring caving bodies to search remaining ore; (5) evaluating and classifying rock masses; (6) exploring new mineral deposits in operating underground mines and their surrounding brownfields. Finally, some issues such as maximum depth muons can reach are discussed.