bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of Personality Biases in Online Panels for Measuring Public Opinion
Authors: Valentino Nicholas A. , Zhirkov Kirill , Hillygus D. Sunshine , Guay Brian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Online surveys, particularly those that draw samples from online panels of experienced respondents, now comprise a large segment of the academic and commercial opinion research markets due to their low cost and flexibility. A growing literature examines the implications of online surveys for data quality, most commonly by comparing demographic and political characteristics of different samples. In this paper, we explore the possibility that personality may differentially influence the likelihood of participation in online and face-to-face surveys. We argue that individuals high in extraversion and openness to experience may be underrepresented, and those low in these traits overrepresented, in professionalized online panels given the solitary nature of repeated survey-taking. Since openness to experience in particular is associated with liberal policy positions, differences in this trait may bias estimates of public opinion derived from professionalized online panels. Using data from the 2012 and 2016 dual-mode American National Election Studies, we compare political preferences and personality traits across parallel face-to-face and online samples. Respondents in the online samples were, on average, less open to experience and more politically conservative on a variety of issues compared to their face-to-face counterparts. This was true especially in 2012, when online respondents were drawn from a large panel of experienced respondents. We also find openness to be negatively related to the number of surveys completed by these respondents. These results suggest that reliance on professionalized survey respondents, who comprise the vast majority of online survey samples, can bias estimates of many quantities of interest.
Neurophysiological Correlate of Emotion Regulation by Cognitive Reappraisal and Its Association With Psychotic Symptoms in Early Psychosis
Authors: Kim Minah , Hwang Wu Jeong , Park Jihye , Kim Taekwan , Oh Sanghoon , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Emotion dysregulation is crucial to both poor social functioning and psychotic symptom formation in patients with schizophrenia. The efficient use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal, has been less frequently observed in the early phases of psychotic disorder. It is unknown whether neurophysiological responses related to emotion regulation by cognitive reappraisal are altered in early psychosis.

Methods
Fifty-four patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 34 subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) participated in event-related potential recordings during a validated emotion regulation paradigm to measure the effect of cognitive reappraisal on emotion regulation. Late positive potentials (LPPs), which reflect emotional arousal, were compared across the groups and the 3 conditions (negative, cognitive reappraisal, and neutral). The relationship among LPP modulation by cognitive reappraisal and social/role functioning and severity of psychotic symptoms was investigated in the early psychosis group.

Results
The FEP and CHR participants showed comparably larger LPP amplitudes in the negative and cognitive reappraisal conditions than in the neutral condition, whereas the HCs presented larger LPPs in the negative condition than in the cognitive reappraisal and neutral conditions. LPP modulation by cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with positive symptom severity in the FEP patients and with disorganization severity in the CHR subjects.

Conclusions
Inefficient use of cognitive reappraisal may be related to the impaired emotion regulation and psychotic symptoms from the very beginning of psychotic disorder. This study provides the first neurophysiological evidence regarding current concepts of emotion regulation in early psychosis.
Deficits in Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Immunoreactivity, Parvalbumin Interneurons, and Perineuronal Nets in the Inferior Colliculus of Subjects With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kilonzo Victor W , Sweet Robert A , Glausier Jill R , Pitts Matthew W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAberrant processing of auditory stimuli is a prominent feature of schizophrenia (SZ). Prior studies have chronicled histological abnormalities in the auditory cortex of SZ subjects, but whether deficits exist at upstream, subcortical levels has yet to be established. En route to the auditory cortex, ascending information is integrated in the inferior colliculus (IC), a highly gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) ergic midbrain structure that is critically involved in auditory processing. The IC contains a dense population of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons (PVIs), a cell type characterized by increased metabolic demands and enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress. During development, PVIs are preferentially surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures that promote redox homeostasis and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Moreover, in SZ, deficits in PVIs, PNNs, and the GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad67), have been extensively documented in cortical regions. Yet, whether similar impairments exist in the IC is currently unknown. Thus, we compared IC samples of age- and sex-matched pairs of SZ and unaffected control subjects. SZ subjects exhibited lower levels of Gad67 immunoreactivity and a decreased density of PVIs and PNNs within the IC. These findings provide the first histological evidence of IC GABAergic abnormalities in SZ and suggest that SZ-related auditory dysfunction may stem, in part, from altered IC inhibitory tone.
Pocketbook policing: How race shapes municipal reliance on punitive fines and fees in the Chicago suburbs
Authors: Pacewicz Josh , Robinson John N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article investigates a trend in the Chicago region that defies conventional accounts of municipal politics and revenue-motivated policing: since the Great Recession, higher-income black suburbs have sharply increased collection of legal fines and fees. To explain this, we draw on a study of municipal officials to develop a racialization of municipal opportunity perspective, which highlights how racial segregation in the suburbs intersects with policies that encourage competition over tax revenue to produce fiscal inequalities that fall along racial lines. Officials across the region shared views about ‘good’ revenues like sales taxes paid mostly by nonresidents, but those in black suburbs were unable to access them and instead turned to ‘bad’ revenues like legal fines to manage fiscal crises—even where residents were fairly affluent and despite the absence of discriminatory intent at the local level. These findings invite inquiry into the racially uneven consequences of seemingly colorblind municipal fiscal practices in the USA and the distributional consequences of municipal governance in other national contexts.
Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia
Authors: Rule James P , Adams Justin W , Fitzgerald Erich M G 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost of the diversity of extant southern true seals (Phocidae: Monachinae) is present in the Southern Ocean, but a poor fossil record means that the origin of this fauna remains unknown. Australia represents a large gap in the record bordering the Southern Ocean that could possibly inform on the origins of the extant Antarctic monachines, with most known fossils remaining undescribed. Here we describe the oldest Australian fossil pinniped assemblage, from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene of Beaumaris. Two fossils are referrable to Pinnipedia, five (possibly six) to Phocidae and a humerus is referrable to Monachinae. The humerus is not referrable to any extant tribe, potentially representing an archaic monachine. The description of this assemblage is consistent with the Neogene pinniped fauna of Australia being exclusively monachine before the arrival of otariids (fur seals and sea lions). The Beaumaris humerus, along with other Neogene phocids from the Southern Ocean margins, were smaller than their extant Antarctic relatives, possibly driven by longer food chains with less energy efficiency between trophic levels. This suggests that small archaic phocids potentially used the Southern Ocean as a means of dispersal before the arrival of extant Antarctic monachines.
Walking While Dialyzing: A Retrospective Observation of Early Mobility and Ambulation for Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Bento Haley A. , Dummer Danica , Lohse Bryan D. , Noren Christopher , Tonna Joseph E. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To describe the practice of physical therapy for patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and assess data related to the safety and feasibility of physical therapy interventions.

Design:
A retrospective observational cohort study.

Patients:
Surgical and cardiovascular patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy during a 2-year period from December 2016 to November 2018.

Setting:
Two ICUs at a single academic medical center.

Intervention:
Physical mobility and ambulation while on continuous renal replacement therapy.

Measurements and Main Results:
Therapy data including ICU Mobility Scale score, number of physical therapy sessions with and without ambulation and gait distance, along with safety data including filter life, safety events, and mortality were analyzed. The cohort of patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy during the 2-year period was 206. Of these, 172 (83.49%) received simultaneous physical therapy. The median ICU Mobility Scale was 5 (interquartile range, 4–7) over a total of 1,517 physical therapy sessions. Ambulation with concomitant continuous renal replacement therapy connected was achieved in 78 patients (37.86%). There were 377 ambulation sessions (24.85% of all sessions) with a mean of 4.83 (sds 4.94) ambulation sessions per ambulatory patient. Patients walked an average of 888.53 feet (sd 1,365.50) while on continuous renal replacement therapy and a daily average of 150.61 feet (sd 133.50). In-hospital mortality was lowest for patients who ambulated (17.95%) and highest for patients who received no therapy (73.53%). Continuous renal replacement therapy filter life was longest for patients who ambulated (2,047.20 min [sd 1,086.50 min]), and shortest in patients who received no therapy (1,682.20 min [sd 1,343.80 min]). One safety event was reported during this time (0.0007% of all physical therapy sessions).

Conclusions:
Ambulation while on continuous renal replacement therapy was not associated with an increased risk of safety events and was feasible with the use of nonfemoral catheters and dialysis equipment with internal batteries.
Association of plasma cyclooxygenase-2 levels and genetic polymorphisms with salt sensitivity, blood pressure changes and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Qing , Gao Wei-Hua , Yan Yu , Chu Chao , Chen Chen , Yuan Yue , Wang Ke-Ke , Ma Qiong , Gao Ke , Hu Jia-Wen , Liao Yue-Yuan , Li Min , Sun Yue , Chang John , Zhang Jie , Xu Jing-Tao , Wang Dan , Zang Wei-Jin , Mu Jian-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inducible isoform of the major rate-limiting enzymes that regulate the production of prostaglandins is associated with injury, inflammation and proliferation. We sought to examine whether plasma COX-2 levels and its genetic variants is associated with salt sensitivity, BP changes and/or hypertension in humans.

Methods:
Eighty participants (aged 18–65 years) were maintained sequentially either on a usual diet for 3 days, a low-salt diet (3.0 g) for 7 days, and a high-salt diet (18.0 g) for an additional 7 days. In addition, we studied participants of the original Baoji Salt-Sensitive Study, recruited from 124 families from seven Chinese villages in 2004 who received the same salt intake intervention, and evaluated them for the development of hypertension.

Results:
Plasma COX-2 levels were significantly decreased with reduction of salt intake from the usual to a low-salt diet and decreased further when converting from the low-salt to the high-salt diet. SNPs rs12042763 in the COX-2 gene was significantly associated with SBP responses to both low-salt and high-salt diet. SNPs rs689466 and rs12042763 were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in BPs. In addition, several COX-2 SNPs were significantly associated with incident hypertension over an 8-year follow-up. Gene-based analyses also supported the overall association of COX-2 with longitudinal changes in SBP and hypertension incidence.

Conclusion:
This study shows that dietary salt intake affects plasma COX-2 levels and that COX-2 may play a role in salt sensitivity, BP progression and development of hypertension in the Chinese populations studied.
Measurement of aortofemoral volume wave velocity during the routine 12-channel ECG: relation to age, physiological hemoglobin A 1C, triglycerides and SBP in healthy individuals
Authors: Skrabal Falko , Weber Thomas , Skrabal Katharina , Windhaber Jana , Ehsas Hasibullah , Stockinger Norbert , Boyer Johannes 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Measurements of pulse wave velocity are generally thought to be too impractical for clinical routine. This study aimed to develop a method that can be performed during routine 12-channel ECG.

Methods:
A 12-channel ECG simultaneously supplies arterial impedance plethysmographic signals from the extremities beside segmental multifrequency impedance measurements for obtaining body composition. The origin of the plethysmographic signal (volume wave) at the arms and legs was determined at the level of the elbows and the knees. The volume wave velocity (VWV) at the aorta and femoral arteries was calculated from the time difference of the plethysmographic signals between arms and legs.

Results:
Automated measurement of VWV was highly reproducible (r = 0.96). In 107 participants in perfect health, VWV in different models was positively related to age, physiological hemoglobin A 1C, triglycerides, normal standardized unattended blood pressure, but not to physiological low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Aortofemoral VWV was significantly higher in patients with established coronary artery disease than in healthy controls of the same age group (18.1 ± 5.8 vs. 11.9 ± 1.7 m/s, P < 0.001). VWV in study participants was higher than tonometrically determined pulse wave velocity as muscular arteries are included (13.2 ± 5.81 vs. 8.8 ± 2.98 m/s, n = 115, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
These background arterial impedance plethysmographic measurements for the measurement of VWV made simultaneously during 12-channel ECG show promise for large-scale, routine clinical assessment of large artery function.
Maternal myocardial dysfunction after normotensive fetal growth restriction compared with hypertensive pregnancies: a speckle-tracking study
Authors: Orabona Rossana , Mohseni Zenab , Sciatti Edoardo , Mulder Eva G. , Prefumo Federico , Lorusso Roberto , Frusca Tiziana , Ghossein-Doha Chahinda , Spaanderman Marc E.A. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) relates to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life, but to different extents. Subclinical cardiac alterations precede eminent cardiovascular disease. Speckle-tracking echocardiography is an elegant method to assess subclinical myocardial dysfunction. We performed a myocardial speckle tracking study to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in former preeclampsia patients (with and without FGR) compared with normotensive women with FGR.

Methods:
For this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively selected women with a history of normotensive FGR (n = 17), preeclampsia with FGR (n = 26) and preeclampsia without FGR (n = 134) who underwent conventional echocardiography as part of the clinical cardiovascular work-up after complicated pregnancies between 6 months and 4 years postpartum in Maastricht, The Netherlands. We excluded women with chronic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity.

Results:
Women with normotensive FGR showed subclinical left ventricular (LV) impairment in systodiastolic function with concentric remodeling, slight alteration in right ventricular systolic function and left atrial strain, similarly to the preeclampsia group independently from the fetal growth. LV hypertrophy was only present in about 10% of cases who experienced preeclampsia (independently from the fetal growth) but not in those with normotensive FGR.

Conclusion:
Similar to women with a history preeclampsia, women with a history of normotensive pregnancy but with FGR have abnormal myocardial function, shown with speckle-tracking echocardiography. Therefore, both preeclampsia and normotensive FGR should be viewed upon as risk indicator for subclinical myocardial impairment that may benefit from cardiovascular risk management.
Anxiety, depression, chronic inflammation and aortic stiffness in Crohn's disease: the brain--gut--vascular axis
Authors: Zanoli Luca , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Inserra Gaetano , Cappello Maria , Granata Antonio , Malatino Lorenzo , Castellino Pietro 
Published: June 2020

Background:Patients with Crohn's disease have an increased aortic stiffness, a known cardiovascular risk factor. Anxiety, a key factor of the brain--gut axis in patients with Crohn's disease, is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, and is linked with aortic stiffening in other clinical settings.Objectives:Considering that depression is frequently linked to anxiety in Crohn's disease, we performed a mediation analysis to reveal the potential link between anxiety, depression and aortic stiffness in these patients.Methods:Multicentre observational cross-sectional study of 86 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease and 86 matched control individuals. The connections between anxiety, depression, disease duration, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), brachial and central SBP were tested using partial least squares structural equations modelling.Results:In patients with Crohn's disease, anxiety (path coefficient: 0.220,P = 0.01) and disease duration (path coefficient: 0.270,P = 0.02) were associated with aPWV that in turn was associated with brachial SBP (path coefficient: 0.184,P = 0.03). These associations were even stronger in patients with active disease. The connection between anxiety and aPWV was in part mediated by central SBP (indirect effect: 0.090,P = 0.01; indirect-to-total effect ratio: 41%) as well as, in a pilot substudy, by sympathetic hyperactivity. Anxiety and depression were highly correlated in patients with Crohn's disease. Consequently, results were confirmed when anxiety was substituted by depression.Conclusion:The connections of anxiety, depression and chronic inflammation with aPWV and SBP could suggest the first evidence of a brain--gut--vascular axis and new potential targets for therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.
Viscodelamination of Localized Retrolental Plaques During Lens-Sparing Vitrectomy in Eyes With Pediatric Tractional Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Lyu Jiao , Zhang Qi , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To report viscodelamination of localized retrolental plaques during lens-sparing vitrectomy in eyes with pediatric tractional vitreoretinopathy.

Methods:
Viscodelamination of retrolental plaques was performed during 23-gauge lens-sparing vitrectomy in 11 eyes from 11 children with a median age (range) of 12 (4–58) months. There were five eyes with Stage 4 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, one eye with Stage 4B retinopathy of prematurity, and five eyes with anterior–posterior persistent fetal vasculature syndrome. Retrolental plaques were separated from the posterior lens capsule by the tension of viscoelastic injection in the Berger's space.

Results:
In 10 of 11 eyes, retrolental plaques were removed from posterior surface of lens without capsular tearing. During the 12-month to 18-month follow-up period, lens clarity along the visual axis was retained in 5 eyes with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, one eye with retinopathy of prematurity, and 2 of 5 eyes with persistent fetal vasculature. Atraumatic viscodelamination was associated with retrolental plaques that did not incorporate into the posterior lens capsule. Retinal dragging was reversed in all 11 eyes.

Conclusion:
Viscodelamination may be effective for the dissection of retrolental plaques related to pediatric vitreoretinopathy in selected cases.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF BETA-D-GLUCAN TESTING FOR ENDOGENOUS FUNGAL CHORIORETINITIS OR ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Ammar Michael J. , Carroll Robert , Kolomeyer Anton , Ying Gui-Shuang , Whitehead Gideon , Brucker Alexander J. , Kim Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate serum beta-D-glucan (BDG) as a biomarker for endogenous fungal eye infection.

Methods:
Retrospective case–control study of 88 patients with a BDG test and eye examination at UPenn (2013–2018). Cases had endogenous fungal chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis diagnosed by eye examination and confirmed with positive culture; controls were without these fungal eye findings. Charts were reviewed for BDG values, blood/vitreous cultures, and eye examinations. Outcomes were BDG sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for fungal chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis, using prespecified BDG cut-off points of ≥80, ≥250, and ≥500 pg/mL as test positive.

Results:
Cases included six chorioretinitis and four endophthalmitis patients. Controls included 78 patients without chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis. Defining BDG ≥80 pg/mL as test positive, the BDG sensitivity (95% confidence interval) was 66.7% (22.3%–95.7%) for chorioretinitis and 100% (39.8%–100%) for endophthalmitis. The specificity was 74.4% (63.2%–83.6%) when BDG values ≥80 pg/mL were test positive, and 85.9% (76.2%–92.7%) when values ≥250 pg/mL were test positive. For a 1% endophthalmitis prevalence and BDG cut-off value of ≥80 pg/mL, the positive predictive value was 3.8% (2.4%–5.2%) and negative predictive value was 100% (99.1%–100%).

Conclusion:
For endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, BDG's sensitivity and specificity seem good and the negative predictive value is high; a larger ophthalmic study is indicated.