bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable Black‐Phosphorus‐Nanosheet‐Based Nanoagent for Enhanced Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Xu Xin , Jiang Yifan , Wang Min , Wang Huimeng , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) is a promising multifunctional material in the biomedical field with biodegradability and low side effects, however its features are always weakened severely owing to its poor stability. Here, a novel method is developed for improving the defect of BPNS based on the effective protection of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), which preserves the stable photothermal therapy (PTT) effect of BPNS and biodegradability of the material. Meanwhile, doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded on BPNS/PLGA to get BPNS/PLGA/DOX for further chemotherapy and preventing the recurrence of tumor after PTT. The presented combined therapeutic strategy exploits the strengths and improves the defects of BPNS, thus developing an efficient and safe nanoagent for cancer therapy, which affords and reveals the great potential of BPNS in nanomedicine.
Multivariable nonparametric learning: A robust iterative inversion‐based control approach
Authors: de Rozario Robin , Oomen Tom 
Published: October 2020

SummaryLearning control enables significant performance improvement for systems by utilizing past data. Typical design methods aim to achieve fast convergence by using prior system knowledge in the form of a parametric model. To ensure that the learning process converges in the presence of model uncertainties, it is essential that robustness is appropriately introduced, which is particularly challenging for multivariable systems. The aim of the present article is to develop an optimization‐based design framework for fast and robust learning control for multivariable systems. This is achieved by connecting robust control and nonparametric frequency response function identification, which results in a design approach that enables the synthesis of learning and robustness parameters on a frequency‐by‐frequency basis. Application to a multivariable benchmark motion system confirms the potential of the developed framework.
BigDataSDNSim: A simulator for analyzing big data applications in software‐defined cloud data centers
Authors: Alwasel Khaled , Calheiros Rodrigo N. , Garg Saurabh , Buyya Rajkumar , Pathan Mukaddim , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe integration and crosscoordination of big data processing and software‐defined networking (SDN) are vital for improving the performance of big data applications. Various approaches for combining big data and SDN have been investigated by both industry and academia. However, empirical evaluations of solutions that combine big data processing and SDN are extremely costly and complicated. To address the problem of effective evaluation of solutions that combine big data processing with SDN, we present a new, self‐contained simulation tool named BigDataSDNSim that enables the modeling and simulation of the big data management system YARN, its related programming models MapReduce, and SDN‐enabled networks in a cloud computing environment. BigDataSDNSim supports cost‐effective and easy to conduct experimentation in a controllable, repeatable, and configurable manner. The article illustrates the simulation accuracy and correctness of BigDataSDNSim by comparing the behavior and results of a real environment that combines big data processing and SDN with an equivalent simulated environment. Finally, the article presents two uses cases of BigDataSDNSim, which exhibit its practicality and features, illustrate the impact of data replication mechanisms of MapReduce in Hadoop YARN, and show the superiority of SDN over traditional networks to improve the performance of MapReduce applications.
Practical guide for circular RNA analysis: Steps, tips, and resources
Authors: Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent technological advances in RNA sequencing and analysis have allowed an increasingly thorough investigation of a previously unexplored class of transcripts, circular (circ)RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs have unique functions which often rely on their association with microRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins. Through these interactions, circRNAs have been implicated in major cellular processes and hence in the pathophysiology of a range of diseases. Here, we provide guidelines to consider when developing studies on circRNAs, including detecting and selecting the circRNAs, identifying their binding partners and sites of interaction, modulating circRNA levels, assessing copy numbers and stoichiometry, and addressing other points unique to circRNA analysis.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
An Interface Theory for Program Verification
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Kanav Sudeep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProgram verification is the problem, for a given program $$P$$and a specification $$\phi $$, of constructing a proof of correctness for the statement “program $$P$$satisfies specification $$\phi $$” ($$P \models \phi $$) or a proof of violation ("Equation missing"). Usually, a correctness proof is based on inductive invariants, and a violation proof on a violating program trace. Verification engineers typically expect that a verification tool exports these proof artifacts. We propose to view the task of program verification as constructing a behavioral interface (represented e.g. by an automaton). We start with the interface $$I_{P}$$of the program itself, which represents all traces of program executions. To prove correctness, we try to construct a more abstract interface $$I_{C}$$of the program (overapproximation) that satisfies the specification. This interface, if found, represents more traces than $$I_{P}$$that are allcorrect(satisfying the specification). Ultimately, we want a compact representation of the program behavior as acorrectness interface $$I_{C}$$in terms ofinductive invariants. We can then extract a correctness witness, in standard exchange format, out of such a correctness interface. Symmetrically, to prove violation, we try to construct a more concrete interface $$I_{V}$$of the program (underapproximation) that violates the specification. This interface, if found, represents fewer traces than $$I_{P}$$that are allfeasible(can be executed). Ultimately, we want a compact representation of the program behavior as aviolation interface $$I_{V}$$in terms of aviolating program trace. We can then extract a violation witness, in standard exchange format, out of such a violation interface. This viewpoint exposes the duality of these two tasks — proving correctness and violation. It enables the decomposition of the verification process, and its tools, into (at least!) three components: interface synthesizers, refinement checkers, and specification checkers. We hope the reader finds this viewpoint useful, although the underlying ideas are not novel. We see it as a framework towards modular program verification.
Model-independent constraints with extended dark matter EFT
Authors: Alanne Tommi , Arcadi Giorgio , Goertz Florian , Tenorth Valentin , Vogl Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We systematically explore the phenomenology of the recently proposed extended dark matter effective field theory (eDMeft), which allows for a consistent effective description of DM scenarios across different energy scales. The framework remains applicable at collider energies and is capable of reproducing the correct relic abundance by including a dynamical mediator particle to the dark sector, while maintaining correlations dictated by gauge invariance in a ‘model-independent’ way. Taking into account present and future constraints from direct- and indirect-detection experiments, from collider searches for missing energy and for scalar resonances in vector-boson, di-jet, and Higgs-pair final states, as well as from the relic abundance as measured by Planck, we determine viable regions in the parameter space, both for scalar and pseudoscalar mediator. In particular, we point out regions where cancellations in the direct-detection cross section appear leading to allowed islands for scalar mediators that could be missed in a naive simplified-model approach, but are present in the full D = 5 effective theory, as well as a general opening of the parameter space due to consistently considering all operators at a given mass dimension. Thus, canonical WIMP-like scenarios can survive even the next generation of direct-detection experiments in different mass regimes, while potentially becoming testable at the high-luminosity LHC.
Scotogenic dark matter in an orbifold theory of flavor
Authors: de Anda Francisco J. , Antoniadis Ignatios , Valle José W. F. , Vaquera-Araujo Carlos A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose a flavour theory in which the family symmetry results naturally from a six-dimensional orbifold compactification. “Diracness” of neutrinos is a consequence of the spacetime dimensionality, and the fact that right-handed neutrinos live in the bulk. Dark matter is incorporated in a scotogenic way, as a result of an auxiliary ℤ3 symmetry, and its stability is associated to the conservation of a “dark parity” symmetry. The model leads naturally to a “golden” quark-lepton mass relation.
Conjugations in $$L^2(\mathcal {H})$$
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , Kliś-Garlicka Kamila , Łanucha Bartosz , Ptak Marek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConjugations commuting with $$\mathbf {M}_z$$

M
z

and intertwining $$\mathbf {M}_z$$

M
z

and $$\mathbf {M}_{{\bar{z}}}$$

M

z

¯

in $$L^2(\mathcal {H})$$

L
2

(
H
)

, where $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
is a separable Hilbert space, are characterized. We also investigate which of them leave invariant the whole Hardy space $$H^2(\mathcal {H})$$

H
2

(
H
)

or a model space $$K_\Theta =H^2(\mathcal {H})\ominus \Theta H^2(\mathcal {H})$$

K
Θ

=

H
2

(
H
)

⊖
Θ

H
2

(
H
)

, where $$\Theta $$
Θ
is a pure operator valued inner function.
Interdisziplinäres COVID-Board bei SARS-CoV-2-getriggerter hyperferritinämischer Inflammation
Authors: La Rosée P. , Bremer H.-C. , La Rosée F. , Mohm P. , Hochhaus A. , Gehrke I. , Kumle B. , Benzing A. , Russo S. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Patienten mit schwerer COVID-19-Erkrankung entwickeln eine hyperferritinämische Inflammation, ein sepsisähnliches Immundysregulationssyndrom.

Methode
Retrospektive Kohortenanalyse nach Therapiestratifizierung in einer standortübergreifenden telemedizinischen Fallkonferenz. Frühzeitige, standardisierte Identifizierung von Patienten mit einem Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf (COVID-Inflammation-Score; CIS) und Intubationsvermeidung mit Schwerpunkt auf nichtinvasive Ventilation (NIV) sind Kernelemente des Behandlungsalgorithmus. Patienten mit lebensbedrohlicher Inflammation wurde ein individueller Heilversuch mit dem Immunmodulator Ruxolitinib angeboten.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen 04.03.2020 und 26.06.2020 wurden 196 COVID-19-Patienten behandelt. Der Altersmedian (70 Jahre) und die Komorbidität waren im Interstudienvergleich hoch. Die Gesamtmortalität lag bei 17,3 %, wobei bei der Hälfte der verstorbenen Patienten eine A‑priori-Therapielimitierung festgelegt war. Das CIS-Monitoring der mit Ruxolitinib behandelten Hochrisikopatienten (n = 20) ergab nach 5, 7 und 15 Tagen eine Inflammationssuppression um 42 % (15–70), 54 % (15–77) und 60 % (15–80). In dieser Gruppe lag die Mortalität bei 20 % (4/20). Die Gesamtmortalität adjustiert auf Patienten mit intendierter Maximaltherapie lag bei 8,7 % (17/196).

Schlussfolgerung
Die COVID-19-Pneumonie mit hyperferritinämischer Inflammation ist verwandt mit der Makrophagen-Aktivierungssyndrom-ähnlichen Sepsis. Eine interdisziplinäre Fallkonferenz als Qualitätsinstrument der Intensivmedizin zur Erfassung seltener sepsisähnlicher Krankheitsbilder wird vorgestellt.
Persönliche Präferenz, Erfahrung, Intuition und operative Schule dominieren die Verwendung postoperativer Wunddrainagen in der Dermatochirurgie
Authors: Ruers Stephanie Sophia , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Gauglitz Gerd , Felcht Moritz , Wetzig Tino , Bechara Falk G. , Koenen Wolfgang , Kunte Christian , Bruning Guido , Müller Cornelia S. L. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Verwendung von Drainagesystemen in der Dermatochirurgie erfolgt bislang ohne evidenzbasierte Daten. Indikationen, Komplikationen und Kontraindikationen werden traditionell von Operateur zu Operateur weitergegeben, sind jedoch bisher nicht definiert.MethodikEs wurde eine internetbasierte Umfrage erstellt und unter den Mitgliedern der DGDC e. V. (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie e. V.) ausgesandt. Abgefragt wurden das allgemeine Behandlungsverhalten im deutschsprachigen Raum in Bezug auf die Anwendung der Wunddrainage nach dermatologischen Operationen sowie die Nutzungsgewohnheiten und Erfahrungen der Kollegen mit Drainage-assoziierten Komplikationen.ErgebnisseEs haben 12,73 % der angeschriebenen DGDC-Mitglieder den Fragebogen beantwortet. Drainagen werden überwiegend im klinischen Umfeld eingesetzt, es werden alle abgefragten Drainagesysteme verwendet. Ausmaß und Komplexität des Eingriffs sind die wesentlichen Kriterien bei der Indikationsstellung. Der Einsatz von Drainagen ist abhängig vom Alter des Teilnehmers und erfolgt mehrheitlich bei Patienten, bei denen Komplikationen im postoperativen Verlauf erwartet werden (Adipositas, Nikotinabusus, Diabetiker).DiskussionZusammenfassend verwendet die Mehrzahl der Teilnehmer Wunddrainagen und dies mehrheitlich intuitiv. Einheitliche fixe evidenzbasierte Parameter rund um die Verwendung von Wunddrainagen fehlen. Bei der Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit einer Wunddrainage scheint ein individuell unterschiedlich ausgeprägtes Sicherheitsbedürfnis bei den einen und „eminenzbasiertes“ Handeln bei den anderen Dermatochirurgen eine große Rolle zu spielen.
Trends in psoriatic arthritis epidemiology in Poland
Authors: Tłustochowicz Małgorzata , Wierzba Waldemar , Marczak Michał , Tłustochowicz Witold , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Raciborski Filip , Kwiatkowska Brygida , Brzozowska Melania , Jacyna Andrzej , Kisiel Bartłomiej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous inflammatory arthritis, usually seronegative and associated with psoriasis (Ps). The prevalence and incidence of psoriatic arthritis show strong ethnic and geographic variations. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological trends in psoriatic arthritis in Poland. The National Health Fund (NHF) database for the period 2008–2018 was analyzed. PsA was defined as ICD-10 codes L40.5, M07, M07.0, M07.1, M07.2 and M07.3, while psoriasis as ICD-10 codes L40 and L40.X (L40.0 to L40.9). A steady increase in the number of PsA patients (from 16,790 to 32,644) and in PsA recorded prevalence (from 38.47 per 100,000 in 2008 to 73.11 per 100,000 in 2018) was observed between 2008 and 2018. The PsA/Ps ratio increased to a similar extent (from 8.3 to 17.5%). The percentage of PsA patients receiving rehabilitation services remained constant throughout the observation period (mean: 17.35%; range 16.7–18.9%). The study showed a steady and continuous increase in PsA recorded prevalence. A simultaneous increase in the PsA/Ps ratio suggests that the main reason for the observed trend is greater disease detection .
Safety and patient-reported outcomes in index ablation versus repeat ablation in atrial fibrillation: insights from the German Ablation Registry
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Brachmann Johannes , Lewalter Thorsten , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Andresen Dietrich , Willems Stephan , Hoffmann Ellen , Eckardt Lars , Thomas Dierk , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Metzner Andreas , Rillig Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation is an established strategy for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, in a significant number of patients, a repeat procedure is mandatory due to arrhythmia recurrence. In this study, we report safety data and procedural details of patients undergoing index ablation versus repeat ablation in a registry-based real-life setting.

Methods
Patients from the German Ablation Registry, a prospective, multicentre registry of patients undergoing ablation between January 2007 and January 2010 were included.

Results
A total of 4155 patients were enrolled in the study. Group I (index ablation) consisted of 3377/4155 (82.1%) and group II (repeat ablation) of 738/4155 (17.9%). Patients in group I had a significantly higher ratio of paroxysmal AF (69.3% vs 61.9%, p < 0.001) and significantly less persistent AF (30.7% vs 38.1%, p < 0.001). The repeat group showed significantly lower mean RF application duration (2580 s. vs 1960, p < 0.001), less fluoroscopy time (29 min. vs. 27 min., p < 0.001), less mean dose area product (DAP) (3744 cGy × cm2 vs 3325 cGy × cm2, p = 0.001), and shorter study duration (181.2 min. vs 163.6 min., p < 0.001). No statistical difference between the groups was found in terms of mortality (0.3% vs 0.1%, p = 0.39), MACE (0.4% vs 0.3%, p = 0.58), MACCE (0.8% vs 0.6%, p = 0.47), composite safety endpoint (1.5% vs 1.4%, p = 0.76), and arrhythmia recurrence (43.8% vs 41.9%, p = 0.37) during 1-year follow-up. Both groups reported to have improved or no symptoms (80.4% vs 77.8%, p = 0.13).

Conclusion
Repeat catheter ablation is safe and provides a symptomatic relief comparable to index ablation. Repeat procedures are significantly shorter and use less fluoroscopy.
Characterizing the face in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Loonen T. G. J. , Horlings C. G. C. , Vincenten S. C. C. , Beurskens C. H. G. , Knuijt S. , Padberg G. W. A. M. , Statland J. M. , Voermans N. C. , Maal T. J. J. , van Engelen B. G. M. , Mul K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate facial weakness in patients with FSHD to better define clinical signs, and pilot a facial weakness severity score.Methods87 FSHD patients and 55 controls were video recorded while performing seven facial tasks. The videos were assessed by three independent examiners to compile an overview of signs of facial weakness. Next, videos were semi-quantitatively assessed using a newly developed 4-point facial weakness score (FWS). This score was evaluated and correlated to other FSHD disease characteristics.ResultsPatients had lower scores on the total FWS than controls (mean score 43 ± 28, range 4–118, vs 14 ± 9, range 0–35,p < 0.001) and on all seven individual facial tasks (allp < 0.001). 54% of patients had FWS scores outside the range of controls. Patients had more asymmetry between the left and right side of the face than controls. About 10% of the patients had very mild facial weakness. These were mostly males (89%) with longer D4Z4 repeat sizes of 7–9 units. More severe facial weakness correlated to more severe overall disease severity and shorter D4Z4 repeat size, but not to disease duration. Interobserver agreement for the FWS between three raters was low with a Fleiss Kappa of 0.437.ConclusionThis study provides an overview of the clinical spectrum of facial weakness and its relation to other disease characteristics. The 4-point scale we introduced to grade the severity of facial weakness enables correlation of facial weakness to disease characteristics, but is not suited as clinical outcome measure for longitudinal studies.
Fractures of the trochanteric region in children and young adolescents—a treatment algorithm for a rare injury
Authors: Payr Stephan , Payr Ellen , Chocholka Britta , Jaindl Manuela , Luxl Monika , Schwendenwein Elisabeth , Tiefenboeck Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor femoral fractures of the trochanteric region in children and adolescents, only two mechanisms have been identified to cause a fracture of the proximal femur: high-energy trauma or predisposing bone pathologies with inadequate trauma (e.g., simple fall, movement). We identified 20 patients between 1993 and 2018 with a trochanteric fracture under the age of 18 (12 males; 8 females; mean age, 12 years; range, 4–17 years) who were treated operatively at our department. The mean follow-up of all patients was 50.06 months. All 20 patients were treated operatively. Complications occurred after a mean time of 6.27 months (range, 0.47 to 12.07 months) in two patients. Harris Hip Score was evaluated in all patients with a mean score of 94.16 (range 11 to 100). Eighty-five percent of the patients reached an excellent clinical outcome after treatment.Trochanteric femoral fractures in children and adolescents are very rare accounting for only 1% of all trochanteric fractures. Excellent long-term results can be achieved with an adequate fracture reduction.Conclusion: Physicians treating pediatric trauma have to be aware of other predisponding diseases when low-energy trauma leads to a trochanteric fracture as in this study, 50% of the trochanteric fractures were associated with bone pathologies.What is Known:• Trochanteric femoral fractures in children and adolescents are very rare• In all patients with trochanteric femoral fractures, malignancies have to be ruled outWhat is New:• Awareness of an underlying bone pathology in a high number of cases• Awareness for necessity of a good fracture reduction leading to highly satisfactory results
Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet
Authors: Holmquist Louise , Dölfors Fredrik , Fogelqvist Johan , Cohn Jonathan , Kraft Thomas , Dixelius Christina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSugar beets are attacked by several pathogens that cause root damages. Rhizoctonia (Greek for “root killer”) is one of them. Rhizoctonia root rot has become an increasing problem for sugar beet production and to decrease yield losses agronomical measures are adopted. Here, two partially resistant and two susceptible sugar beet genotypes were used for transcriptome analysis to discover new defense genes to this fungal disease, information to be implemented in molecular resistance breeding. Among 217 transcripts with increased expression at 2 days post-infection (dpi), three resistance-like genes were found. These genes were not significantly elevated at 5 dpi, a time point when increased expression of three Bet v I/Major latex protein (MLP) homologous genes BvMLP1, BvMLP2 and BvML3 was observed in the partially resistant genotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis on diseased sugar beet seedlings validated the activity of BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 observed in the transcriptome during challenge by R. solani. The three BvMLP genes were cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to further dissect their individual contribution. Transgenic plants were also compared to T-DNA mutants of orthologous MLP genes. Plants overexpressing BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 showed significantly less infection whereas additive effects were seen on Atmlp1/Atmlp3 double mutants. The data suggest that BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 may contribute to the reduction of the Rhizoctonia root rot disease in sugar beet. Impact on the defense reaction from other differential expressed genes observed in the study is discussed.