bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential eco-physiological performances of two pseudocryptic species of the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the St. Lawrence estuarine transition zone: a reciprocal transplant experiment
Authors: Cabrol Jory , Tremblay Réjean , Winkler Gesche 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the short-term performances and the physiological plasticity of two cryptic species Eurytemora carolleeae and Eurytemora affinis (North-Atlantic clade) by simulating rapid advection from freshwater to brackish water conditions and reciprocally. To do so, two reciprocal transplant experiments without acclimation and under non-limited food condition were performed in the St. Lawrence estuarine transition zone during summer 2011. Results revealed that both species diverged in their short-term acclimation response when facing acute salinity changes that they might encounter when advected through the highly dynamic estuarine transition zone. We show that E. carolleeae could use the brackish environment without loss of performance and energy, while E. affinis needed to reallocate energy from other processes (i.e., reproduction) and required food intake to maintain itself in the freshwater environment. In addition, the transplant experiment highlighted that only 40% of the E. affinis showed short term capacity to acclimate to freshwater conditions, indicating that in situ advection by currents from brackish water to fresh water could be dramatic even for a short time period. Furthermore, the survivors of E. affinis in fresh water might not be able to reproduce, which limits establishment of a sustainable population of E. affinis (North-Atlantic clade) in the tidal freshwater part of the estuarine transition zone. Finally, we highlighted for the first time that both species of this pseudocryptic complex could use lipid remodelling to overcome temperature effects on membrane structure, but further studies are needed to determine the influence of membrane lipid remodelling on salinity tolerance.
How many generations does Epischura baikalensis (Copepoda, Calanoida) have in Lake Baikal?
Authors: Naumova Elena Yu. , Alekseev Victor R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Epischura baikalensis Sars is a dominant pelagic species of the Lake Baikal zooplankton. We empirically determined the duration of the development of Epischura from field data, as it is not possible to determine this experimentally. Based on our data, we conclude that the central pelagic food web of metazoan species in Lake Baikal has not two, as was previously accepted, but three generations during a year and each lasts not 6 but instead 3 to 4 months. The life cycle of the species also possibly includes a 3-months long winter embryonic diapause, starting in November and ending in late February with the start of the under-ice algae bloom. The high nauplii density in spring is not the result of high adult density, suggesting the presence of resting eggs in the E. baikalensis life cycle. We also found a large morphological difference between the pelagic eggs of the species in the winter and in the summertime. The possible participation of diatom algal toxins in the regulation of the seasonal dynamics of their main consumer in Lake Baikal, similar to those known in marine ecosystems, is discussed. The population dynamics in a year with relatively low diatom algae density show four peaks of reproduction, i.e., in February, June, September, and December. In years with significant (more than 15 000 cells/l) diatom blooming we found mass mortality of E. baikalensis juveniles in the plankton, with only two clear peaks of nauplii density. A negative correlation was found between the number of population density peaks for E. baikalensis and the spring-blooming of diatom algae.
On time and place of origin of continental calanoid families: a hypothesis
Authors: Alekseev Victor R. , Sukhikh Natalia M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several independent methods: molecular-genetic, biogeographical, and morphological analyses — were applied to explain the origin of the continental calanoid fauna and the distribution of their recent genera. The theory of Continental Drift and the evolution of the Tethys Sea were also used for that purpose. The molecular-genetic-based phylogenetic tree that we constructed, as well as the largest number of genera and species in Diaptomidae, allow us to support the idea that this family of fresh- and brackishwater Copepoda arose earlier than the Temoridae and Centropagidae. The ancestors of the Diaptomidae likely invaded, and were distributed across, the supercontinent Pangaea before its division into two continental plates in the Mesozoic Era, i.e., not later than 180-200 Ma. Therefore, various genera of this family can be found almost everywhere on all continents, except Antarctica. The family Temoridae is known only from Europe, Asia and North America. These three continental plates stayed together long after separation of Pangaea into two parts: Laurasia and Gondwana (until circa 50 Ma). At approximately the same time (50 Ma), the genus Eurytemora should have been created, as its representatives are known from North America and Eurasia. The family Centropagidae seems to have invaded inland waters somewhere between Temoridae and Diaptomidae, as its representatives can be found on all continents except Africa. Also, as a possibly alternative option, this centropagid invasion could have happened independently in the northern and southern Pangaea blocks, by different marine ancestors, at the same time as Temoridae, as is shown herein in the molecular-genetic-based phylogenetic tree. Using the evolution model of the Tethys Sea proved to be very productive for explaining the modern ranges of continental calanoids, both within families and in individual genera, including the genus Eurytemora.
Aerosolization During Common Ventilation Scenarios
Authors: Xiao Roy , Workman Alan D. , Puka Elefteria , Juang Jeremy , Naunheim Matthew R. , Song Phillip C. 
Published: June 2020

Otolaryngologists are at increased risk for exposure to suspected aerosol‐generating procedures during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. In the present study, we sought to quantify differences in aerosol generation during common ventilation scenarios. We performed a series of 30‐second ventilation experiments on porcine larynx‐trachea‐lung specimens. We used an optical particle sizer to quantify the number of 1‐ to 10‐µm particles observed per 30‐second period (PP30). No significant aerosols were observed with ventilation of intubated specimens (10.8 ± 2.4 PP30 vs background 9.5 ± 2.1, P = 1.0000). Simulated coughing through a tracheostomy produced 53.5 ± 25.2 PP30, significantly more than background (P =. 0121) and ventilation of an intubated specimen (P =. 0401). These data suggest that undisturbed ventilation and thus intubation without stimulation or coughing may be safer than believed. Coughing increases aerosol production, particularly via tracheostomy. Otolaryngologists who frequently manage patient airways and perform tracheostomy are at increased risk for aerosol exposure and require appropriate personal protective equipment, especially during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
Postoperative follow-up time and justification in prospective hand surgery research: a systematic review
Authors: Hooper Rachel C. , Nasser Jacob S. , Huetteman Helen E. , Mack Shale J. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: June 2020

We systematically reviewed prospective studies for five hand procedures to analyse postoperative follow-up time, clinical or radiographic plateau, and whether the authors provide justification for times used. Demographic data, outcomes and mean follow-up were analysed. A total of 188 articles met our inclusion criteria. The mean postoperative follow-up time among these studies were carpal tunnel release, 21 months (range 1.5–111); cubital tunnel release, 27 months (2.5–46); open reduction and internal fixation for the distal radius fracture, 24 months (3–120); thumb carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty, 64 months (8.5–228); and flexor tendon repair, 25 months (3–59). Authors provided justification for follow-up intervals in 10% of these reports. We conclude that most prospective clinical studies in hand surgery do not properly justify follow-up length. Clinically unnecessary follow-up is costly without much benefit. In prospective research, we believe justified postoperative follow-up is essential, based on expected time to detect clinical plateau, capture complications and determine the need for secondary surgery. Level of evidence: III
Conservative treatment of refractures after modified tension band wiring of fifth metatarsal base stress fractures in athletes
Authors: Lee Kyung Tai , Kim Ki Chun , Young Ki Won , Jegal Hyuk , Park Young Uk , Lee Hong Seop , Roh Youngju 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Recurrent fifth metatarsal base stress fractures (MT5-BSF) in athletes present a challenging problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of conservative treatment for the refracture of MT5-BSF after modified tension band wiring (MTBW). Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 15 elite athletes undergoing conservative treatment for refracture of MT5-BSF after MTBW were retrospectively reviewed. They were instructed to avoid weight-bearing with short leg cast for 6 weeks. After that, they started partial weight with a postop shoe. Stepwise exercise followed bone union by radiographs. Results: Thirteen cases (86.6%) had a complete bone union after a mean of 18.9 ± 8.6 weeks. Twelve cases (80%) returned to their previous activity level and maintained for at least two consecutive seasons. Conclusion: Eighty percent of all athletic patients with the conservative treatment for refractures with healed MT5-BSF after MTBW on the plantar-lateral side could maintain and return to their previous sports activity for at least 2 years.
Lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 is required for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance
Authors: Numata Akihiko , Kwok Hui Si , Zhou Qi-Ling , Li Jia , Tirado-Magallanes Roberto , Angarica Vladimir Espinosa , Hannah Rebecca , Park Jihye , Wang Chelsia Qiuxia , Krishnan Vaidehi , Rajagopalan Deepa , Zhang Yanzhou , Zhou Siqin , Welner Robert S. , Osato Motomi , Jha Sudhakar , Bohlander Stefan K. , Göttgens Berthold , Yang Henry , Benoukraf Touati , Lough John W. , Bararia Deepak , Tenen Daniel G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the potential to replenish the blood system for the lifetime of the organism. Their 2 defining properties, self-renewal and differentiation, are tightly regulated by the epigenetic machineries. Using conditional gene-knockout models, we demonstrated a critical requirement of lysine acetyltransferase 5 (Kat5, also known as Tip60) for murine HSC maintenance in both the embryonic and adult stages, which depends on its acetyltransferase activity. Genome-wide chromatin and transcriptome profiling in murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed that Tip60 colocalizes with c-Myc and that Tip60 deletion suppress the expression of Myc target genes, which are associated with critical biological processes for HSC maintenance, cell cycling, and DNA repair. Notably, acetylated H2A.Z (acH2A.Z) was enriched at the Tip60-bound active chromatin, and Tip60 deletion induced a robust reduction in the acH2A.Z/H2A.Z ratio. These results uncover a critical epigenetic regulatory layer for HSC maintenance, at least in part through Tip60-dependent H2A.Z acetylation to activate Myc target genes.
Glucagon-like peptide 2 for intestinal stem cell and Paneth cell repair during graft-versus-host disease in mice and humans
Authors: Norona Johana , Apostolova Petya , Schmidt Dominik , Ihlemann Rebekka , Reischmann Nadine , Taylor Gregory , Köhler Natalie , de Heer Jocelyn , Heeg Steffen , Andrieux Geoffroy , Siranosian Benjamin A. , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Pfeifer Dietmar , Catalano Antonella , Frew Ian J. , Proietti Michele , Grimbacher Bodo , Bulashevska Alla , Bhatt Ami S. , Brummer Tilman , Clauditz Till , Zabelina Tatjana , Kroeger Nicolaus , Blazar Bruce R. , Boerries Melanie , Ayuk Francis , Zeiser Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Although currently used GVHD treatment regimens target the donor immune system, we explored here an approach that aims at protecting and regenerating Paneth cells (PCs) and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an enteroendocrine tissue hormone produced by intestinal L cells. We observed that acute GVHD reduced intestinal GLP-2 levels in mice and patients developing GVHD. Treatment with the GLP-2 agonist, teduglutide, reduced de novo acute GVHD and steroid-refractory GVHD, without compromising graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in multiple mouse models. Mechanistically GLP-2 substitution promoted regeneration of PCs and ISCs, which enhanced production of antimicrobial peptides and caused microbiome changes. GLP-2 expanded intestinal organoids and reduced expression of apoptosis-related genes. Low numbers of L cells in intestinal biopsies and high serum levels of GLP-2 were associated with a higher incidence of nonrelapse mortality in patients undergoing allo-HCT. Our findings indicate that L cells are a target of GVHD and that GLP-2–based treatment of acute GVHD restores intestinal homeostasis via an increase of ISCs and PCs without impairing GVL effects. Teduglutide could become a novel combination partner for immunosuppressive GVHD therapy to be tested in clinical trials.
The microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers: a comparison of swab and tissue biopsy wound sampling techniques using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Travis J. , Malone M. , Hu H. , Baten A. , Johani K. , Huygens F. , Vickery K. , Benkendorff K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Health-care professionals need to collect wound samples to identify potential pathogens that contribute to wound infection. Obtaining appropriate samples from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) where there is a suspicion of infection is of high importance. Paired swabs and tissue biopsies were collected from DFUs and both sampling techniques were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results
Mean bacterial abundance determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was significantly lower in tissue biopsies (p = 0.03). The mean number of reads across all samples was significantly higher in wound swabs $$ \Big(\overline{X} $$(X¯ = 32,014) compared to tissue ($$ \overline{X} $$X¯ = 15,256, p = 0.001). Tissue biopsies exhibited greater overall diversity of bacteria relative to swabs (Shannon’s H diversity p = 0.009). However, based on a presence/absence analysis of all paired samples, the frequency of occurrence of bacteria from genera of known and potential pathogens was generally higher in wound swabs than tissue biopsies. Multivariate analysis identified significantly different bacterial communities in swabs compared to tissue (p = 0.001). There was minimal correlation between paired wound swabs and tissue biopsies in the number and types of microorganisms. RELATE analysis revealed low concordance between paired DFU swab and tissue biopsy samples (Rho = 0.043, p = 0.34).

Conclusions
Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing this study identifies the potential for using less invasive swabs to recover high relative abundances of known and potential pathogen genera from DFUs when compared to the gold standard collection method of tissue biopsy.
The differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to stresses indicate expression and sequence divergences
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Zixiao , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Theoretically, paralogous genes generated through whole genome duplications should share identical expression levels due to their identical sequences and chromatin environments. However, functional divergences and expression differences have arisen due to selective pressures throughout evolution. A comprehensive investigation of the expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs in response to various stresses and a study of correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs are needed.

Results
In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes under different types of stress and investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs. We analyzed the differential expression patterns of the paralogs under four different types of stress (drought, cold, infection, and herbivory) and classified them into three main types according to their expression patterns. We then further analyzed the differential expression patterns under various degrees of stress and constructed corresponding co-expression networks of differentially expressed paralogs and transcription factors. Finally, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs and identified positive correlations between expression level and sequence divergence. With regard to sequence divergence, we identified correlations between selective pressures and phylogenetic relationships.

Conclusions
These results shed light on differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to environmental stresses and are helpful for understanding the relationships between expression levels and sequences divergences.
The relationship of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity with the seriousness of coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang Hao , Gao Yang , Wu Dan , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The level of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) in serum is independently correlated to coronary artery diseases (CAD). The aim of the study was to determine whether LP-PLA2 activity is positively associated with the seriousness of CAD.

Methods
Amount to 1056 patients suspected of having CAD underwent coronary angiography (CAG) to determine the seriousness of CAD. According to the amount of diseased coronary branches, the 1056 patients were split into three groups: single-vessel stenosis group, multiple-vessels stenosis group (> or = 2 diseased coronary branches),and control group (no diseased coronary branches). According to CAG results, electrocardiography, cardiac biomarker, and clinical presentation, all patients were split into four groups: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (UA), stable angina (SA), and control groups (excluding CAD). The activity of LP-PLA2 was compared statistically among the subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to investigate the role of LP-PLA2 in evaluating the presence and seriousness of CAD.

Results
The level of LP-PLA2 increased in line with the number of diseased coronary branches. The levels of LP-PLA2 in the AMI and UA groups were observably higher when compared with the control and SA groups. LP-PLA2 had 75.6% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity for recognizing CAD, and 53.0% sensitivity and 80.3% specificity for recognizing severe coronary artery lesions.

Conclusion
The activity of LP-PLA2 is positively correlated to the seriousness of CAD.
Short-course antibiotic regimen compared to conventional antibiotic treatment for gram-positive cocci infective endocarditis: randomized clinical trial (SATIE)
Authors: Olmos Carmen , Vilacosta Isidre , López Javier , Sáez Carmen , Anguita Manuel , García-Granja Pablo Elpidio , Sarriá Cristina , Silva Jacobo , Álvarez-Álvarez Belén , Martínez-Monzonis María Amparo , Castillo Juan Carlos , Seijas José , López-Picado Amanda , Peral Vicente , Maroto Luis , San Román J. Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Most serious complications of infective endocarditis (IE) appear in the so-called “critical phase” of the disease, which represents the first days after diagnosis. The majority of patients overcoming the acute phase has a favorable outcome, yet they remain hospitalized for a long period of time mainly to complete antibiotic therapy. The major hypothesis of this trial is that in patients with clinically stable IE and adequate response to antibiotic treatment, without signs of persistent infection, periannular complications or metastatic foci, a shorter antibiotic time period would be as efficient and safe as the classic 4 to 6 weeks antibiotic regimen.

Methods
Multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled open-label, phase IV clinical trial with a non-inferiority design to evaluate the efficacy of a short course (2 weeks) of parenteral antibiotic therapy compared with conventional antibiotic therapy (4–6 weeks).
Sample: patients with IE caused by gram-positive cocci, having received at least 10 days of conventional antibiotic treatment, and at least 7 days after surgery when indicated, without clinical, analytical, microbiological or echocardiographic signs of persistent infection. Estimated sample size: 298 patients. Intervention: Control group: standard duration antibiotic therapy, (4 to 6 weeks) according to ESC guidelines recommendations. Experimental group: short-course antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks. The incidence of the primary composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, symptomatic embolisms and relapses within 6 months after the inclusion in the study will be prospectively registered and compared.

Conclusions
SATIE will investigate whether a two weeks short-course of intravenous antibiotics in patients with IE caused by gram-positive cocci, without signs of persistent infection, is not inferior in safety and efficacy to conventional antibiotic treatment (4–6 weeks).

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04222257 (January 7, 2020).
EudraCT 2019–003358-10.
Human adenovirus Coinfection aggravates the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Gao Jiaojiao , Xu Lili , Xu Baoping , Xie Zhengde , Shen Kunling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The coinfection rate of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) can reach 52% in some areas, but the effects of coinfection with different pathogens have not been clearly recognized.

Methods
The cases of MPP hospitalized in Beijing Children’s Hospital from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2016 were screened. MPP patients coinfected with Human adenovirus (HAdV) were categorized into the research group. Patients with single M. pneumoniae infection were categorized into the control group, matching the research group by age and admission time with a ratio of 1:3. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and disease severity were compared between these two groups.

Results
A total of 2540 hospitalized MPP cases were screened in Beijing Children’s Hospital, among which thirty cases were enrolled in the research group and ninety cases were enrolled in the control group. The results indicated that patients in the research group had longer hospital stays, longer fever durations and a higher rate of dyspnea, as well as a larger proportion applications of oxygen therapy and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). No obvious differences were found in lab examinations within the two groups. Regarding disease severity, the proportions of extremely severe pneumonia and severe disease defined by the clinical score system were higher in the research group than in the control group.

Conclusion
Compared with single M. pneumoniae infection, MPP coinfected with HAdV in children was relatively more serious.