bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methacrylate‐functionalized POSS as an efficient adhesion promoter in olefin‐based adhesives
Authors: Hanifpour Ahad , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi Mehdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of methacrylate‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA‐POSS) on polyolefin‐based adhesives. The so called adhesive was synthesized by the cooligomerization of 1‐decene/9‐decene‐1‐ol monomers using a Ti amine bis‐phenolate catalyst, [Ti{2,2′‐(OC6H2‐4,6‐tBu2)2NHC2H4NH(OiPr)2], which was subsequentlyacrylated via a simple reaction with methacryloyl chloride. Different weight fractions of MA‐POSS nanoparticles were solution blended with synthesized adhesive and undergone curing reaction with blue light. Observation of a unique tan δ peak in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) curve was clear evidence that two employed moieties were miscible and only one hybrid polymeric phase was created. Most noticeably, significant increase in mechanical parameters was detected in the lower inclusion compositions, 0.2‐1 wt% of MA‐POSS, where flexural strength and flexural modulus were increased up to 99 and 110%, respectively. Furthermore, thermal stability of the synthesized nanocomposite enhanced dramatically by increasing MA‐POSS weight fraction. Influence of employed nanoparticles on adhesion properties of synthesized nanocomposites was evaluated with tensile shear bond strength and pull off analysis. According to the adhesion results, the MA‐POSS causes an adhesion promotion on the fabricated adhesive/POSS nanocomposites.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of synthetic polymyxin‐mimetic lipopeptides
Authors: Huwaitat Rawan , Coulter Sophie M. , Porter Simon L. , Pentlavalli Sreekanth , Laverty Garry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria is a huge problem to society providing significant risks to public health. This has been further escalated by a decline in the clinical translation of new antibacterial drug classes since the 1980s. In this article, we describe the synthesis, antibacterial/antibiofilm activity and in vitro toxicity of synthetic low molecular weight lipopeptides mimetics of polymyxin. C12‐KTKCKFLKKC‐NH2 and C14‐KTKCKFLKKC‐NH2 lipopeptides demonstrated activity against both planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Peptide‐outer membrane interaction was studied using lipopolysaccharide neutralization and N‐phenyl‐1‐napthylamine assays. C12‐conjugated peptide significantly neutralized lipopolysaccharide at concentrations lower than minimum inhibitory concentration values against Gram‐negative E coli, by an average of 90% and demonstrated up to double the outer membrane permeabilization ability of 10 mg/mL polymyxin B. Polymyxin‐mimetic lipopeptides have the potential to undergo further in vitro and in vivo study to enable clinical translation and help alleviate the current antimicrobial crisis.
Surface electroanalytical approaches to organic polymeric coatings
Authors: Caldona Eugene B , Smith Dennis W , Wipf David O 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface characterization techniques for organic polymeric coatings are numerous and diverse. Many of these techniques can provide physical information about how coating systems perform under certain environmental conditions, but they provide less mechanistic information on how they function as corrosion barriers. Since many coating failures are initiated from ionic diffusion through the coating and the subsequent reactivity at the coating–metal interface is mostly electrochemical in nature, the utility of electrochemical‐based techniques is therefore more appropriate. This mini‐review highlights five of the most commonly used electroanalytical techniques for the evaluation of corrosion protection properties for polymer coatings on metals: open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical noise and scanning electrochemical microscopy. These techniques can perform their own unique approach of examining the protection performance of polymer coatings, but the elucidation of coating degradation and mechanism of corrosion at the coating–metal interface is their common objective. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Dwarfism of high‐monolignol Arabidopsis plants is rescued by ectopic LACCASE overexpression
Authors: Perkins Mendel L. , Schuetz Mathias , Unda Faride , Smith Rebecca A. , Sibout Richard , Hoffmann Natalie J. , Wong Darren C. J. , Castellarin Simone D. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Samuels Lacey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLignin is a key secondary cell wall chemical constituent, and is both a barrier to biomass utilization and a potential source of bioproducts. The Arabidopsis transcription factors MYB58 and MYB63 have been shown to upregulate gene expression of the general phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthetic pathways. The overexpression of these genes also results in dwarfism. The vascular integrity, soluble phenolic profiles, cell wall lignin, and transcriptomes associated with these MYB‐overexpressing lines were characterized. Plants with high expression of MYB58 and MYB63 had increased ectopic lignin and the xylem vessels were regular and open, suggesting that the stunted growth is not associated with loss of vascular conductivity. MYB58 and MYB63 overexpression lines had characteristic soluble phenolic profiles with large amounts of monolignol glucosides and sinapoyl esters, but decreased flavonoids. Because loss of function lac4 lac17 mutants also accumulate monolignol glucosides, we hypothesized that LACCASE overexpression might decrease monolignol glucoside levels in the MYB‐overexpressing plant lines. When laccases related to lignification (LAC4 or LAC17) were co‐overexpressed with MYB63 or MYB58, the dwarf phenotype was rescued. Moreover, the overexpression of either LAC4 or LAC17 led to wild‐type monolignol glucoside levels, as well as wild‐type lignin levels in the rescued plants. Transcriptomes of the rescued double MYB63‐OX/LAC17‐OX overexpression lines showed elevated, but attenuated, expression of the MYB63 gene itself and the direct transcriptional targets of MYB63. Contrasting the dwarfism from overabundant monolignol production with dwarfism from lignin mutants provides insight into some of the proposed mechanisms of lignin modification‐induced dwarfism.
Seed treatment with cold plasma and electromagnetic field induces changes in red clover root growth dynamics, flavonoid exudation, and activates nodulation
Authors: Mildaziene Vida , Ivankov Anatolii , Pauzaite Giedre , Naucienė Zita , Zukiene Rasa , Degutyte‐Fomins Laima , Pukalskas Audrius , Venskutonis Petras Rimantas , Filatova Irina , Lyushkevich Veronika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of presowing treatment of red clover seeds with cold plasma (5 and 7 min) and electromagnetic field (10 and 15 min) on plant agronomic performance were studied. Seed treatments stimulated germination and this effect correlated with changes in the balance of seed phytohormones: a decreased amount of abscisic acid and an increased gibberellin/abscisic acid ratio. Experiments performed in rhizoboxes revealed that seed treatments stimulated root growth and root nodulation. Stressor and dose‐specific changes in the amounts of flavonoids important for communication with nitrogen‐fixing strains of rhizobacteria were detected in the root exudates. The results suggest that besides changes in plant's internal processes, the response of plants to seed treatment involves beneficial modulation of plant communication with microorganisms.
Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane: Revisited
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Bülbül Ezgi , Hanselmann Barbara , Schütz Urs , Amberg Martin , Gaiser Sandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractActivation reactions of molecules in plasma are investigated using plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane as a model system for plasma‐state polymerization. Underlying reaction pathways and film‐forming mechanisms are revisited based on a simplified macroscopic approach, considering the average energy available per monomer particle, Epl, in relation to the threshold energy, Eth, which represents an activation barrier for plasma polymerization. Basic principles are discussed involving averaged values for collision frequency, cross‐section, and reaction rate to produce film‐forming species combining macroscopic and microscopic quantities. Considering the energy uptake from the electric field by the electrons, the energy transfer from electrons to monomer molecules, and the conversion into film‐forming species, it is demonstrated that Epl/Eth is equally relevant as the electron energy distribution function for plasma‐chemical activation reactions.
The history of workforce concerns in pediatric pulmonary Medicine
Authors: Oermann Christopher M. , Lahiri Thomas , Peterson‐Carmichael Stacey L. , Weiss Pnina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChildren are affected by a broad spectrum of acute and chronic respiratory disorders. The number of children with respiratory disease is increasing, as are the complexity of disease pathophysiology and the management demands on pediatric pulmonologists. Despite slowly increasing numbers of board‐certified pediatric pulmonologists, large areas of the country are underserved and there is a perception of an impending workforce crisis. There are multiple reasons for these concerns. A joint effort between the Pediatric Pulmonology Division Directors Association and Pediatric Pulmonary Training Directors Association was undertaken to address these issues.
Do changes in psychosocial factors, lifestyle factors and sitting posture influence the likelihood of musculoskeletal pain in high school computer users?
Authors: Brink Yolandi , Louw Quinette , Grimmer Karen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdolescents regularly engage in screen‐based activities. Complex factors influence adolescents' growth, and habitual sitting posture. The association between over‐time changes in their sitting posture, and upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (UQMP) is poorly understood. This study tested the association between change over 12 months in seated posture angles (neck flexion [NF]; craniocervical angle [CCA] into flexion and extension; and thoracic flexion [TF]), UQMP, and predictor variables (anxiety and depression; sport activity, music participation; computer use).MethodsA one‐year prospective longitudinal study enrolled 211 asymptomatic 15‐18‐year students. 3D motion analysis captured postural angles while students worked on desktop computers, at baseline and 12 months later. Height, weight, computing time, sport and music participation, and depression and anxiety were measured at both time periods. UQMP in the previous month was captured at 12 months. The association between over‐time change in sitting posture angles and predictor variables was determined using linear regression analysis (r2; p‐values). The association between predictor variables with UQMP, and predictor variables on the association between postural angles and UQMP was assessed using logistic regression models (Odds Ratios [95%CI]). Significant confounding effects were determined when the addition of a predictor variable to the posture‐UQMP model significantly changed the Likelihood Ratio chi square value.ResultsN = 153 students (72%) completed the study (48 with UQMP). Significant associations occurred between head flexion (HF) and body mass index (BMI) (r2= 4.20, p = .01); NF and computer use (r2=2.87, p = .036) and CCA and music participation (r2=9.99, p = .047). Music participants and non‐participants in sport or music had increased risk of UQMP with CCA changes into flexion (OR 12.0) and TF changes into extension (OR 7.6) respectively.ConclusionThe association between over‐time‐change in sitting posture angles and UQMP is not influenced by anthropometrics, psychosocial factors or time spent computing. Music students, and students not participating in sport, require further postural analysis.
Impact of continuous passive motion on rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wirries Nils , Ezechieli Marco , Stimpel Kai , Skutek Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThere is an ongoing controversy in respect of the usage of continuous passive motion (CPM) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We analysed the impact of CPM on the early rehabilitation after TKA and the clinical outcome over the time.MethodsForty patients were prospectively randomized to postoperative protocols following TKA. Half of them (n = 20) received the standard manual therapy alone and the others (n = 20) were treated additionally with CPM. Identical implants were used in all patients. Passive range of movement (PROM) was noted. Patient satisfaction and knee function was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) as well as the Knee Society Score (KSS) at time of discharge and 2 years postoperatively.ResultsThe patients in the solitary manual therapy group (MT) showed preoperatively a 7.2° greater PROM (p = .03) with 5.4° higher flexion (p = .05). Analogously, the KSS presented with 42.7 points a higher score result compared to the CPM group with 35.9 points (p = .03). Although the preoperative ability with 105.2° for flexion and 97.2° for the PROM were in favour of the group without CPM (99.8° resp. 90.0°), at time of discharge the patients with CPM reached with 111.0° a significant higher flexion and with 109.0° a higher PROM (MT group: 107.0° resp. 103.5°) (p = .04/.02). At 2 years follow‐up both scores (WOMAC/KSS) and function (extension, flexion and PROM) were balanced (p > .05). Patella resurfacing showed no impact on the clinical results at discharge or at time of last follow‐up (p > .05).DiscussionAlthough the addition of CPM did significantly improve knee flexion in the early postoperative stage, the difference might not represent a clinical relevance. Further, there were no notable effects on long‐term clinical and functional results following TKA, so the routine application of CPM in the above stated setting might be ceased.
Pharmaceutical technologies with potential application to insecticide discovery†
Authors: Wing Keith D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel neuroactive insecticides are discovered/registered differently, have a lower value in use, and exert their physiological actions in manners distinct from neuroactive pharmaceuticals, but there are clear similarities in their biochemical modes of action. Insecticides are generally discovered using whole pest insect screens, and this eases difficulties in ‘translational science’ from laboratory to field, as opposed to pharmaceutical translation from biochemical or cell‐based targets to animal models to human clinical trials to registered drug. This paper examines recent trends in pharmaceutical science and identifies some technologies which may represent complementary approaches to insecticide discovery screening and mode of action determination beyond the sound processes in common practice today. Examples will be drawn from nanoparticle delivery of neuroactives, unique ligand–polymer conjugates, proposed advances in insect cell culture following from pharmaceutical cell biology, and laboratory or organ‐on‐a‐chip approaches. It is hoped that these concepts will stimulate novel thinking which may enable discovery of efficacious new neuroactive insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Cyst nematode bio‐communication with plants: implications for novel management approaches
Authors: Ochola Juliet , Coyne Danny , Cortada Laura , Haukeland Solveig , Ng'ang'a Margaret , Hassanali Ahmed , Opperman Charles , Torto Baldwyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBio‐communication occurs when living organisms interact with each other, facilitated by the exchange of signals including visual, auditory, tactile and chemical. The most common form of bio‐communication between organisms is mediated by chemical signals, commonly referred to as ‘semiochemicals’, and it involves an emitter releasing the chemical signal that is detected by a receiver leading to a phenotypic response in the latter organism. The quality and quantity of the chemical signal released may be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Bio‐communication has been reported to occur in both above‐ and below‐ground interactions and it can be exploited for the management of pests, such as cyst nematodes, which are pervasive soil‐borne pests that cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Cyst nematode hatching and successful infection of hosts are biological processes that are largely influenced by semiochemicals including hatching stimulators, hatching inhibitors, attractants and repellents. These semiochemicals can be used to disrupt interactions between host plants and cyst nematodes. Advances in RNAi techniques such as host‐induced gene silencing to interfere with cyst nematode hatching and host location can also be exploited for development of synthetic resistant host cultivars. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Social ties, spatial migration paradigm, and mental health among two generations of migrants in China
Authors: Xiao Yang , Miao Siyu , Sarkar Chinmoy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite emerging literature on the effects of cross‐border ties on international immigration's mental health, research concerning China's internal migrants' mental health remains scarce. After 40 years of China's “one‐child policy,” new‐generation migrants (born after 1980) have been found to have poorer mental health status. With smaller family structures, previous studies found that new‐generation migrants are more likely to be affected by migration‐related stresses, with social ties having mixed effects on their mental health. In this paper, we examine the effects of local ties (in host cities) and trans‐local ties (in the migrants' original home location) on China's rural and urban migrants' mental health by using a national‐level survey data comprising N = 16,000 participants. We focus on whether these relationships vary among the four categories of migrants—grouped according to their place of origin and date of birth. The study results show that both local and trans‐local “kinship” ties have positive effects on migrants' mental health, whereas participation in organisation or activities have negative effects. In addition, new‐generation migrants were found to have relatively poor mental health, being more easily affected by trans‐local kinship ties. Moreover, participation in local activities had more significant adverse influence on interprovincial floating migrants, who had poorer mental health than the intraprovincial group. The study deciphered underlying negative health consequences attributed to the one‐child policy and calls for intraprovincial mobility with local urbanisation. The study concludes that social integration of new‐generation migrants can act as a protective intervention aimed at enhancing the mental capital of Chinese cities.
Prediction and precursors of Idai and 38 other tropical cyclones and storms in the Mozambique Channel
Authors: Kolstad Erik W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn average, about two tropical storms or cyclones enter or form in the Mozambique Channel between the African mainland and Madagascar each year. Their impact can be devastating. The tropical cyclone Idai, which hit land in Mozambique in 2019, was one of the deadliest storms on record in the Southern Hemisphere. Previous studies have found that the tracks and strengths of tropical storms and cyclones are difficult to predict more than a few days ahead. An extension of this forecast horizon would be crucial for enabling authorities to take precautionary actions. Here, the ability of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) state‐of‐the‐art ensemble prediction model to predict Idai and 38 other tropical systems is assessed. Local wind speed maxima and sea‐level pressure (SLP) minima were predicted by about 25% of the ensemble members at lead times of 1–3 days but only about 5% of the members at 7–9 days' lead times. However, several variables showed potential as precursors of tropical storms and cyclones, and some of these could be predicted at long lead times. In particular, SLP anomalies, which were significantly lower than normal multiple days before the peaks of the storms, were skilfully predicted by the ensemble mean at lead times of at least 3 weeks. Specific humidity at 500 hPa and divergence at 200 hPa were higher than normal several days before the peaks, and these potential precursors were also forecasted with skill up to about 2 weeks in advance. The inclusion of forecasts of these variables as predictors in hybrid statistical–dynamical forecasting systems could potentially extend the time horizon for prediction and early detection of possible tropical storms and cyclones in the region.
Systemic multipotent adult progenitor cells protect the cerebellum after asphyxia in fetal sheep
Authors: Gussenhoven Ruth , Ophelders Daan R.M.G. , Dudink Jeroen , Pieterman Kay , Lammens Martin , Mays Robert W. , Zimmermann Luc J. , Kramer Boris W. , Wolfs Tim G.A.M. , Jellema Reint K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Involvement of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in preterm infants is increasingly recognized. We aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of intravenously administered multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) in the preterm cerebellum. Instrumented preterm ovine fetuses were subjected to transient global hypoxia-ischemia (HI) by 25 minutes of umbilical cord occlusion at 0.7 of gestation. After reperfusion, two doses of MAPCs were administered intravenously. MAPCs are a plastic adherent bone-marrow-derived population of adult progenitor cells with neuroprotective potency in experimental and clinical studies. Global HI caused marked cortical injury in the cerebellum, histologically indicated by disruption of cortical strata, impeded Purkinje cell development, and decreased dendritic arborization. Furthermore, global HI induced histopathological microgliosis, hypomyelination, and disruption of white matter organization. MAPC treatment significantly prevented cortical injury and region-specifically attenuated white matter injury in the cerebellum following global HI. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) detected HI-induced injury and MAPC neuroprotection in the preterm cerebellum. This study has demonstrated in a preclinical large animal model that early systemic MAPC therapy improved structural injury of the preterm cerebellum following global HI. Microstructural improvement was detectable with DTI. These findings support the potential of MAPC therapy for the treatment of HIE and the added clinical value of DTI for the detection of cerebellar injury and the evaluation of cell-based therapy.