bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of vitamin D on fibroblast growth factor 23: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Berthold Heiner K. , Pilz Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk marker of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We therefore aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effect of vitamin D administration on circulating FGF23 concentrations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in several databases from inception to January 2020. A total of 73 records were identified for full-text review, and 21 articles with 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The selected studies included 1925 participants with 8–156 weeks of follow-up. The weighted mean difference in FGF23 in the vitamin D versus placebo group was +21 pg/ml (95% CI: 13–28 pg/ml;P < 0.001) with considerable heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 99%). The FGF23 increment was higher in patients with end-stage kidney/heart failure than in other individuals (+300 pg/ml [95% CI: 41–558 pg/ml] vs. +20 pg/ml [95% CI: 12–28 pg/ml],Pinteraction = 0.03), and if baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were <50 nmol/l instead of ≥50 nmol/l (+34 pg/ml [95% CI: 18–51 pg/ml] vs. +9 pg/ml [95% CI: 3–14 pg/ml];Pinteraction = 0.002). Moreover, the FGF23 increment was influenced by vitamin D dose/type (vitamin D dose equivalent ≤ 2000 IU/day: +2 pg/ml [95% CI: 0–3 pg/ml]; vitamin D dose equivalent > 2000 IU/day: +18 pg/ml [95% CI: 6–30 pg/ml]; administration of activated vitamin D: +67 pg/ml [95% CI: 16–117 pg/ml];Pinteraction = 0.001). Results were not significantly influenced by study duration (Pinteraction = 0.14), age class (Pinteraction = 0.09), or assay provider (Pinteraction = 0.11). In conclusion, this meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrates that vitamin D administration of >2000 IU/d vitamin D or activated vitamin D significantly increased concentrations of the cardiovascular risk marker FGF23, especially in patients with end-stage kidney/heart failure.
Refinement of pore size at sub-angstrom precision in robust metal–organic frameworks for separation of xylenes
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Wang Juehua , Bai Nannan , Zhang Xinran , Han Xue , da Silva Ivan , Morris Christopher G. , Xu Shaojun , Wilary Damian M. , Sun Yinyong , Cheng Yongqiang , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Lowe Tristan , Zhang Haifei , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J. , Thomas K. Mark , Bolton Leslie W. , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand for xylenes is projected to increase over the coming decades. The separation of xylene isomers, particularly p- and m-xylenes, is vital for the production of numerous polymers and materials. However, current state-of-the-art separation is based upon fractional crystallisation at 220 K which is highly energy intensive. Here, we report the discrimination of xylene isomers via refinement of the pore size in a series of porous metal–organic frameworks, MFM-300, at sub-angstrom precision leading to the optimal kinetic separation of all three xylene isomers at room temperature. The exceptional performance of MFM-300 for xylene separation is confirmed by dynamic ternary breakthrough experiments. In-depth structural and vibrational investigations using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and terahertz spectroscopy define the underlying host–guest interactions that give rise to the observed selectivity (p-xylene < o-xylene < m-xylene) and separation factors of 4.6–18 for p- and m-xylenes.
Single cell transcriptomics identifies a signaling network coordinating endoderm and mesoderm diversification during foregut organogenesis
Authors: Han Lu , Chaturvedi Praneet , Kishimoto Keishi , Koike Hiroyuki , Nasr Talia , Iwasawa Kentaro , Giesbrecht Kirsten , Witcher Phillip C. , Eicher Alexandra , Haines Lauren , Lee Yarim , Shannon John M. , Morimoto Mitsuru , Wells James M. , Takebe Takanori , Zorn Aaron M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVisceral organs, such as the lungs, stomach and liver, are derived from the fetal foregut through a series of inductive interactions between the definitive endoderm (DE) and the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm (SM). While DE patterning is fairly well studied, the paracrine signaling controlling SM regionalization and how this is coordinated with epithelial identity is obscure. Here, we use single cell transcriptomics to generate a high-resolution cell state map of the embryonic mouse foregut. This identifies a diversity of SM cell types that develop in close register with the organ-specific epithelium. We infer a spatiotemporal signaling network of endoderm-mesoderm interactions that orchestrate foregut organogenesis. We validate key predictions with mouse genetics, showing the importance of endoderm-derived signals in mesoderm patterning. Finally, leveraging these signaling interactions, we generate different SM subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which previously have been elusive. The single cell data can be explored at: https://research.cchmc.org/ZornLab-singlecell.
RNA-binding proteins Musashi and tau soluble aggregates initiate nuclear dysfunction
Authors: Montalbano Mauro , McAllen Salome , Puangmalai Nicha , Sengupta Urmi , Bhatt Nemil , Johnson Omar D. , Kharas Michael G. , Kayed Rakez 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOligomeric assemblies of tau and the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) Musashi (MSI) are reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of MSI and tau interaction in their aggregation process and its effects are nor clearly known in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of MSI1 and MSI2 in the brains tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as well as in the wild-type mice and tau knock-out and P301L tau mouse models. We observed that formation of pathologically relevant protein inclusions was driven by the aberrant interactions between MSI and tau in the nuclei associated with age-dependent extracellular depositions of tau/MSI complexes. Furthermore, tau and MSI interactions induced impairment of nuclear/cytoplasm transport, chromatin remodeling and nuclear lamina formation. Our findings provide mechanistic insight for pathological accumulation of MSI/tau aggregates providing a potential basis for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
A panel of human neutralizing mAbs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike at multiple epitopes
Authors: Noy-Porat Tal , Makdasi Efi , Alcalay Ron , Mechaly Adva , Levy Yinon , Bercovich-Kinori Adi , Zauberman Ayelet , Tamir Hadas , Yahalom-Ronen Yfat , Israeli Ma’ayan , Epstein Eyal , Achdout Hagit , Melamed Sharon , Chitlaru Theodor , Weiss Shay , Peretz Eldar , Rosen Osnat , Paran Nir , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Shapira Shmuel C. , Israely Tomer , Mazor Ohad , Rosenfeld Ronit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe novel highly transmissible human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus far, there is no approved therapeutic drug specifically targeting this emerging virus. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a panel of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). These antibodies were selected from a phage display library constructed using peripheral circulatory lymphocytes collected from patients at the acute phase of the disease. These neutralizing antibodies are shown to recognize distinct epitopes on the viral spike RBD. A subset of the antibodies exert their inhibitory activity by abrogating binding of the RBD to the human ACE2 receptor. The human monoclonal antibodies described here represent a promising basis for the design of efficient combined post-exposure therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Meng Xiaochun , Zhang Hongmei , Li Zhenhui , Liu Jiangang , Sun Kai , Meng Yankai , Dai Weixing , Xie Peiyi , Ding Yingying , Wang Meiyun , Cai Guoxiang , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDistant metastasis (DM) is the main cause of treatment failure in locally advanced rectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy is usually used for distant control. However, not all patients can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and particularly, some patients may even get worse outcomes after the treatment. We develop and validate an MRI-based radiomic signature (RS) for prediction of DM within a multicenter dataset. The RS is proved to be an independent prognostic factor as it not only demonstrates good accuracy for discriminating patients into high and low risk of DM in all the four cohorts, but also outperforms clinical models. Within the stratified analysis, good chemotherapy efficacy is observed for patients with pN2 disease and low RS, whereas poor chemotherapy efficacy is detected in patients with pT1–2 or pN0 disease and high RS. The RS may help individualized treatment planning to select patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for distant control.
Der Placeboeffekt in der Schmerztherapie – für den
klinischen Alltag nutzbar? Ja, unbedingt!
Authors: Kleine-Borgmann Julian , Bingel Ulrike 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAls Placeboeffekte bezeichnet man positive physiologische oder psychologische
Veränderungen, die nach einer Einnahme von Medikamenten ohne
spezifischen Wirkstoff oder Scheineingriffen auftreten und durch Erwartungs- und
Konditionierungsprozesse induziert werden. Die mit Placeboeffekten
einhergehenden neurobiologischen und peripher-physiologischen Vorgänge
können auch bei der Vergabe von wirkstoffhaltigen Medikamenten eine
wichtige Rolle spielen und sind somit nicht zwingend an die Gabe eines
Scheinmedikamentes gebunden. Die Darreichung von
„traditionellen“ Placebos ist im klinischen Alltag aus
juristischen und ethischen Gründen höchst problematisch. Dieser
Beitrag zeigt neben neuen Erkenntnissen zu offenen Placebo-Anwendungen
(Open-Label Placebos) Wege auf, wie die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen von
Placeboantworten dennoch gezielt im schmerztherapeutischen Alltag genutzt werden
können, um die Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Compliance
bestehender pharmakologischer und anderer Therapien zum Wohle des Patienten zu
optimieren.
Independent Risk Factors for Impaired Early Outcome after Isolated Ankle Fracture – A Multivariate Analysis and Prognostic Models
Authors: Kaltenborn Alexander , Bullok Michael , Schulze Christoph , Hoffmann Sebastian , Springer Peter , Heppner Stefan , Barthel Christian , Gutcke André 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Ankle fractures are common operative indications in orthopedic surgery. Their incidence is increasing.
Objectives To identify independent risk factors and to develop prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) and the onset of postoperative complications.
Materials and Methods This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study analyzing data of 154 consecutive, isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify significant independent risk factors. The validity and clinical applicability of the developed prognostic models was assessed with ROC-curve analysis (ROC: Receiver Operating Characteristic). Internal validation of prognostic models was performed with randomized backwards bootstrapping.
Results The median LOS was 7 days. 50 patients (33%) had a longer LOS. 13% of operated patients had a postoperative complication (n = 20). Independent preoperative risk factors for prolonged length of stay were leukocytosis (p = 0.020; OR: 1.211), an increased CRP-level (p = 0.005; OR: 1.901), as well as a bi- (p = 0.002; OR: 15.197) or trimalleolar (p = 0.001; OR: 10.678) fracture type. Immediate operative therapy was an independent beneficial factor (p < 0.001; OR: 0.070). The onset of complications was associated significantly with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004; OR: 9.903) and an elevated ASA score (p = 0,004; OR: 3.574). The developed prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged LOS (AUROC: 0.736) and postoperative complications (AUROC: 0.724) had a good clinical validity and were internally validated.
Conclusion The current data pronounce the importance of preoperative laboratory works. Furthermore, co-morbidities play a major role in the prognosis of outcome. The developed prognostic models are able to reliably predict the outcome and enable the preoperative identification of high-risk patients.
Influence of a Pre-throwing Protocol on Range of Motion and Strength
in Baseball Athletes
Authors: Downs Jessica , Wasserberger Kyle , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThough chronic overhand throwing is known to result in range of motion and
strength adaptations, there is limited research regarding interventions for
maintenance of these characteristics. Therefore, the purposes of this study were
to explore the use of a pre-throwing protocol focusing on lumbopelvic-hip
complex musculature in high school baseball players and examine its effects on
shoulder and hip range of motion and isometric strength over the course of a
season. Four exercises were added to the intervention team’s warm-up
routine. The control and intervention teams’ passive bilateral hip and
shoulder range of motion and isometric strength were assessed
pre/post-season. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed
significant differences in delta scores between the teams for multiple shoulder
and hip range of motion and isometric strength variables. Key results were the
intervention team lost significantly more stride hip external rotation but
gained more isometric strength than the control team. The intervention team was
also able to better maintain shoulder range of motion than the control team.
Practitioners should use the results of this study and consider incorporating
exercises that target lumbopelvic-hip complex musculature into their current
training program.
Ameliorating Effects of Dorema ammoniacum on PTZ-Induced Seizures and Epileptiform Brain Activity in Rats
Authors: Abizadeh Marzieh , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh , Saeedi Negin , Hosseinmardi Narges , Janahmadi Mahyar , Salari Farhad , Golpayegani Seyed Mehdi , Shojaii Asie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to investigate the anti-epileptogenic and anticonvulsant effects of Dorema ammoniacum gum, which is used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of seizures. Animals received pentylenetetrazol (IP, 30 mg/kg/48 h) for inducing seizures. Five different seizure stages were evaluated for 20 min and parameters including maximum seizure stage, the latency to the onset of stage 4, stage 4 duration, and seizure duration were measured. D. ammoniacum (50 and 100 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered 30 min before or after pentylenetetrazol injection in different groups. In addition, the effective dose of D. ammoniacum (100 mg/kg) on different seizure stages was compared with the common antiseizure drug phenobarbital. In another set of experiments, we investigated the effective dose of D. ammoniacum on fully kindled animals in which an interictal electroencephalogram was recorded by superficial electrodes
placed on the skull. The results showed that D. ammoniacum administration, before and after pentylenetetrazol injections, significantly decreased seizure stage, seizure duration, stage 4 duration, and 1/stage 4 latency. The anti-epileptogenic effect of D. ammoniacum was about 50 to 60% of phenobarbital. In addition, D. ammoniacum significantly decreased seizure stage, seizure duration, stage 4 duration, and 1/stage 4 latency when administered to fully kindled animals but had no effect on the power of EEG sub-bands. These results indicate that D. ammoniacum has anti-epileptogenic and anticonvulsant effects in a chemical kindling model of seizures.
Chemical Ecology in Insect-microbe Interactions in the Neotropics
Authors: Menegatti Carla , Fukuda Taise T. H. , Pupo Mônica T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmall molecules frequently mediate symbiotic interactions between microorganisms and their hosts. Brazil harbors the highest diversity of insects in the world; however, just recently, efforts have been directed to deciphering the chemical signals involved in the symbioses of microorganisms and social insects. The current scenario of natural products research guided by chemical ecology is discussed in this review. Two groups of social insects have been prioritized in the studies, fungus-farming ants and stingless bees, leading to the identification of natural products involved in defensive and nutritional symbioses. Some of the compounds also present potential pharmaceutical applications as antimicrobials, and this is likely related to their ecological roles. Microbial symbioses in termites and wasps are suggested promising sources of biologically active small molecules. Aspects related to public policies for insect biodiversity preservation are also highlighted.
An Additional Electrodiagnostic Tool for Ulnar Neuropathy: Mixed across the Elbow
Authors: Parkhurst Drew B. , Andary Michael T. , Powell John W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Diagnosing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) remains challenging despite guidelines from national organizations. Motor testing of hand intrinsic muscles remains a common diagnostic method fraught with challenges.
Objective The aim of the study is to demonstrate utility of an uncommon nerve conduction study (NCS), mixed across the elbow, when diagnosing UNE.
Methods Retrospective analysis of 135 patients, referred to an outpatient University-based electrodiagnostic laboratory with suspected UNE between January 2013 and June 2019 who had motor to abductor digiti minimi (ADM), motor to first dorsal interosseus (FDI), and mixed across the elbow NCS completed. To perform the mixed across the elbow NCS, the active bar electrode was placed 10-cm proximal to the medial epicondyle between the biceps and triceps muscle bellies. The median nerve was stimulated at the wrist followed by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the ulnar styloid. The difference between peak latencies, labeled the ulnar-median mixed latency difference (U-MLD), was used to evaluate for correlation between the nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of ADM and FDI.
Results Pearson r-values = −0.479 and −0.543 (p < 0.00001) when comparing U-MLD to ADM and FDI NCV across the elbow, respectively. The negative r-value describes the inverse relationship between ulnar velocity across the elbow and increasing U-MLD.
Conclusion Mixed across the elbow has moderate–strong correlation with ADM and FDI NCV across the elbow. All three tests measure ulnar nerve function slightly differently. Without further prospective data, the most accurate test remains unclear. The authors propose some combination of the three tests may be most beneficial when diagnosing UNE.
Carbetocin versus Oxytocin for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Cesarean Deliveries: A Retrospective Study of Two Consecutive Periods
Authors: Delorme Pierre , Kayem Gilles , Legardeur Hélène , Roux-Dessarps Louise Anne , Girard Guillaume , Meunier Geraldine , Keita Hawa , Mandelbrot Laurent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of the study is to investigate whether carbetocin prevents postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) more effectively than oxytocinMethods This historical retrospective single-center cohort study compares women who underwent cesarean deliveries during two periods. During period A, oxytocin was used as a 10-unit bolus immediately after delivery, with 20 units thereafter infused for 24 hours. During period B, carbetocin in a single 100-µg injection replaced this protocol. The main outcome was PPH, defined as a decline in hemoglobin of more than 2 g/dL after the cesarean. The analysis was performed on the overall population and then stratified by the timing of the cesareans (before or during labor). A logistic regression analysis was performed.Results This study included 1,796 women, 52% of whom had a cesarean before labor; 15% had a PPH. The crude PPH rate was lower in period B than in period A (13 vs. 17%, respectively, odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.98). The difference was no longer significant in the multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio: 0.81, 95% CI 0.61–1.06). Results were similar when stratified by the timing of the cesareans (before or during labor).Conclusion Carbetocin is not superior to oxytocin in preventing PPH. However, it does provide the advantage of requiring a single injection.
Factors Associated with Appropriate Gestational Weight Gain among Women with Obesity
Authors: Cozzi Gabriella D. , Blanchard Christina T. , Champion Macie L. , Todd Allison , Davis Margaret , Chandler-Laney Paula , Casazza Krista , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare attendance of nutritional counseling, dietary composition, exercise patterns, and socioeconomic factors among obese women with inappropriate gestational weight gain (iGWG) versus appropriate GWG (aGWG).
Study Design Medicaid-eligible women receiving prenatal care at a tertiary care center from January 2013 to December 2015 were offered individualized nutritional counseling by a registered dietitian encouraging well-balanced meals and 150 min/wk of exercise. We conducted a prospective case–control study of obese women (body mass index or BMI ≥30) with a singleton gestation with iGWG (<11 or >20 pounds) versus aGWG (11–20 pounds). Dietary intake, activity level, and socioeconomic factors were compared with Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests as indicated, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis for significant variables was performed. A subgroup analysis of women with BMI ≥40 was planned.
Results A total of 401 women were analyzed: 78% (n = 313) with iGWG and 22% (n = 88) with aGWG. Demographics were similar between groups. Women with iGWG less frequently reported physician reinforcement of counseling and reported more physical inactivity and unemployment; there were no differences in caloric intake or macronutrient profile between groups. Multivariate regression identified physician reinforcement and employment as independent predictors of aGWG. Among women with BMI ≥40 (n = 133), those with iGWG (78%) were less likely to attend counseling, report physician reinforcement of counseling, and have adequate caloric and protein intake when compared with those with aGWG (22%). Activity level and socioeconomic factors were not different between groups.
Conclusion Physician reinforcement of nutritional counseling, greater activity level, and employment are associated with aGWG in women with BMI ≥30, while individualized professional nutritional counseling and dietary modifications were further associated with aGWG in women with BMI ≥40. Thus, greater focus should be placed on enhancing exposure to counseling and altering nutritional and exercise choices to optimize aGWG.
Key Points