bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and clinical significance of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and VISTA in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Wang Yuelong , Deng Jiaojiao , Wang Lin , Zhou Tingyue , Yang Jinlong , Tian Zerong , Yang Jinhao , Chen Hongxu , Tang Xin , Zhao Shasha , Zhou Liangxue , Tong Aiping , Xu Jianguo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCraniopharyngioma (CP) is a common refractory tumor of the central nervous system. However, little is known about the expression and clinical significance of B7 family ligands/receptors in CP patients. Thus, we conducted the present study to address this issue in a cohort of 132 CP cases.MethodsWe mapped and quantified the expression of B7 family ligands/receptors molecules programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), B7-H3, B7-H4 and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in 89 adamantinomatous-type CP and 43 papillary-type CP samples using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Associations between the marker levels, clinicopathological variables and survival were evaluated.ResultsThe positive rates of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and VISTA in the cohort of 132 CP cases were 76.5%, 100%, 40.2% and 80.3%, respectively. The cut-off values of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and PD-L1 expression were determined by survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) package, which was 70, 182, 0 and 20, respectively. Elevated expressions of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and VISTA were significantly associated with some clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that higher VISTA expressions correlated with better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.0053 and p=0.0066, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that VISTA was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.018) but not for PFS (p=0.898).ConclusionsWe found variable expression of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and VISTA proteins in CPs. The results suggest that the expression level of VISTA may be used as an important indicator to predict the OS and PFS of CPs. B7 family ligands/receptors could be potential immunotherapeutic targets when treating CPs.
Smoking cessation among US adults: use of e-cigarettes, including JUUL, and NRT use
Authors: Patel Minal , Cuccia Alison F , Zhou Yitong , Kierstead Elexis C , Briggs Jodie , Schillo Barbara A 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a common tobacco product in the US. Despite lacking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for cessation, e-cigarettes, including JUUL, a popular device, have been viewed by some as a potential tool for tobacco users seeking to quit combustible tobacco use. It is unknown how current and former smokers report using these products for cigarette smoking cessation.MethodsOnline surveys were collected from a probability-based panel of US adults aged 18–64, with an oversample of past 12-month JUUL users (n=3415). Weighted past 12-month and past 30-day use of popular e-cigarette brands were measured. Former smokers with a quit attempt in the past 4 years and current smokers with a quit attempt in the past 12 months were asked about methods for smoking cessation, including e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) use.ResultsAmong former smokers (n=157), 21.2% used e-cigarettes and/or NRTs to help them quit. Specifically, 2.2% used JUUL only, compared with 10.3% who used NRTs only, and 6.9% used other e-cigarettes only to quit. Among current smokers with a quit attempt (n=308), 24.0% used any product (NRT or e-cigarettes) to quit, and only 1.1% used JUUL only. Current smokers reported relatively low use of NRTs only (10.1%), other e-cigarettes only (5.6%) and other e-cigarettes and NRTs (5.1%).ConclusionsData suggest that few smokers in the US use e-cigarettes, and JUUL specifically, for cessation, and NRTs use is relatively low. All e-cigarettes should undergo FDA review to minimise recreational use and understand their cessation efficacy.
Mass formulae and staticity condition for dark matter charged black holes
Authors: Rogatko Marek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism is used to derive variations of mass, angular momentum and canonical energy for Einstein–Maxwell dark matter gravity in which the auxiliary gauge field coupled via kinetic mixing term to the ordinary Maxwell one, which mimics properties of hidden sector. Inspection of the initial data for the manifold with an interior boundary, having topology of $$S^2$$

S
2

, enables us to find the generalised first law of black hole thermodynamics in the aforementioned theory. It has been revealed that the stationary black hole solution being subject to the condition of encompassing a bifurcate Killing horizon with a bifurcation sphere, which is non-rotating, must be static and has vanishing magnetic Maxwell and dark matter sector fields, on static slices of the spacetime under consideration.
Targeting CDK12 for Cancer Therapy: Function, Mechanism, and Drug Discovery
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Kangdong , Dong Zigang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is a member of the CDK family of proteins (CDK) and is critical for cancer development. Years of study into CDK12 have generated much information regarding the intricacy of its function and mechanism as well as inhibitors against it for oncological research. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the role of CDK12 in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention. An exhaustive comprehension of CDK12 will highly stimulate the development of new strategies for treating and preventing cancer. Here, we review the literature of CDK12, with a focus on its function, its role in signaling, and how to use it as a target for discovery of novel drugs for cancer prevention and therapy.
DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Nested Case–control Study
Authors: Chamberlain James A , Dugué Pierre-Antoine , Bassett Julie K. , Milne Roger L. , Joo Jihoon E. , Wong Ee Ming , Brinkman Maree T. , Stuart Geoffrey W. , Boussioutas Alex , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Mitchell Hazel , English Dallas R. , Hodge Allison M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
DNA methylation in peripheral blood is a potential biomarker of gastric cancer risk which could be used for early detection. We conducted a prospective case–control study nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples collected a median of 12 years before diagnosis for cases (N = 168). Controls (N = 163) were matched to cases on sex, year of birth, country of birth, and blood sample type using incidence density sampling. Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K Beadchip. Global measures of DNA methylation were defined as the median methylation M value, calculated for each of 13 CpG subsets representing genomic function, mean methylation and location, and reliability of measurement. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to assess associations between these global measures of methylation and gastric cancer risk, adjusting for Helicobacter pylori and other potential confounders. We tested nonlinear associations using quintiles of the global measure distribution. A genome-wide association study of DNA methylation and gastric cancer risk was also conducted (N = 484,989 CpGs) using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) were investigated using the R package DMRcate. We found no evidence of associations with gastric cancer risk for individual CpGs or DMRs (P &gt; 7.6 × 10−6). No evidence of association was observed with global measures of methylation (OR 1.07 per SD of overall median methylation; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.44; P = 0.65). We found no evidence that blood DNA methylation is prospectively associated with gastric cancer risk.
Prevention Relevance: We studied DNA methylation in blood to try and predict who was at risk of gastric cancer before symptoms developed, by which stage survival is poor. We did not find any such markers, but the importance of early diagnosis in gastric cancer remains, and the search for markers continues.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on Efficacy of Surgical Excision of Nondysplastic Leukoplakia to Prevent Oral Cancer
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , Lodi Giovanni , Cabras Marco , Macciotta Alessandra , Gambino Alessio , Conrotto Davide , Karimi Dora , Haddad Giorgia El , Carbone Mario , Broccoletti Roberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical excision to prevent cancer in patients with nondysplastic oral leukoplakia (OL). This study was the first randomized controlled clinical trial comparing surgical treatment with standard care in this group of patients. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group underwent standard care, that is smoking counseling, follow-up visits every 6 months, and control biopsy when indicated. The second group underwent surgical excision, together with standard care. Oral cancer onset was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included healing, recurrence after surgery, onset of new lesions, and worsening of the primary lesions. The differences in distribution of the patients' and lesions' characteristics were investigated through nonparametrical tests (Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher exact). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions have been performed to estimate the odds ratio of the treatment on the recurrence or worsening of the lesions. A total of 260 patients took part in the study of which 132 were women (50.8%); during the follow-up period, two subjects developed oral cancer, one for each arm. Surgical treatment, when compared with standard care, was associated with a lower probability of the treated zone to remain healed during the follow up period (OR = 7.43; 95% confidence interval, 2.96–22.66). In conclusion, it is possible to assumed that regular clinical follow-up could be considered a reliable standard of care among patients with nondysplastic OLs.
Prevention Relevance: Oral white patches can transform into cancer and none has provided clinical guidelines to prevent it. For the first time ever, we have showed that the clinical follow up of non dysplastic lesions was able to provide benefits if compared with surgical excision.
Deep Learning to Estimate RECIST in Patients with NSCLC Treated with PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Arbour Kathryn C. , Luu Anh Tuan , Luo Jia , Rizvi Hira , Plodkowski Andrew J. , Sakhi Mustafa , Huang Kevin B. , Digumarthy Subba R. , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Girshman Jeffrey , Kris Mark G. , Riely Gregory J. , Yala Adam , Gainor Justin F. , Barzilay Regina , Hellmann Matthew D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Real-world evidence (RWE), conclusions derived from analysis of patients not treated in clinical trials, is increasingly recognized as an opportunity for discovery, to reduce disparities, and to contribute to regulatory approval. Maximal value of RWE may be facilitated through machine-learning techniques to integrate and interrogate large and otherwise underutilized datasets. In cancer research, an ongoing challenge for RWE is the lack of reliable, reproducible, scalable assessment of treatment-specific outcomes. We hypothesized a deep-learning model could be trained to use radiology text reports to estimate gold-standard RECIST-defined outcomes. Using text reports from patients with non–small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 blockade in a training cohort and two test cohorts, we developed a deep-learning model to accurately estimate best overall response and progression-free survival. Our model may be a tool to determine outcomes at scale, enabling analyses of large clinical databases.

Significance:
We developed and validated a deep-learning model trained on radiology text reports to estimate gold-standard objective response categories used in clinical trial assessments. This tool may facilitate analysis of large real-world oncology datasets using objective outcome metrics determined more reliably and at greater scale than currently possible.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Ten-Year Differences in Women’s Awareness Related to Coronary Heart Disease: Results of the 2019 American Heart Association National Survey: A Special Report From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cushman Mary , Shay Christina M. , Howard Virginia J. , Jiménez Monik C. , Lewey Jennifer , McSweeney Jean C. , Newby L. Kristin , Poudel Ram , Reynolds Harmony R. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Sims Mario , Mosca Lori J. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association
Published: September 2020

Background:
High awareness that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death (LCOD) among women is critical to prevention. This study evaluated longitudinal trends in this awareness among women.

Methods and Results:
Online surveys of US women (≥25 years of age) were conducted in January 2009 and January 2019. Data were weighted to the US population distribution of sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate knowledge of the LCOD. In 2009, awareness of heart disease as the LCOD was 65%, decreasing to 44% in 2019. In 2019, awareness was greater with older age and increasing education and lower among non-White women and women with hypertension. The 10-year awareness decline was observed in all races/ethnicities and ages except women ≥65 years of age. The greatest declines were among Hispanic women (odds ratio of awareness comparing 2019 to 2009, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.07–0.28]), non-Hispanic Black women (odds ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.19–0.49]), and 25- to 34-year-olds (odds ratio, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.10–0.34]). In 2019, women were more likely than in 2009 to incorrectly identify breast cancer as the LCOD (odds ratio, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.86–3.67]), an association that was greater in younger women. Awareness of heart attack symptoms also declined.

Conclusions:
Awareness that heart disease is the LCOD among women declined from 2009 to 2019, particularly among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women and in younger women (in whom primordial/primary prevention may be most effective). An urgent redoubling of efforts by organizations interested in women’s health is required to reverse these trends.
Association of Hypertriglyceridemia with All‐Cause Mortality and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events in a Low‐Risk Italian Population: The TG‐REAL Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Arca Marcello , Veronesi Chiara , D’Erasmo Laura , Borghi Claudio , Colivicchi Furio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Desideri Giovambattista , Pontremoli Roberto , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Perrone Valentina , Degli Esposti Luca , Montinari Caterina , Pisterna Alessia , Demontis Stefania , Senesi Ilenia 
Published: September 2020

Background
Evidence regarding the relationships among high plasma triglycerides (TG), all‐cause mortality, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in low‐to‐moderate risk individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of high TG levels influences the risk of all‐cause mortality and ASCVD events in a population cohort followed in the real‐world clinical setting.

Methods and Results

A retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis using administrative databases of 3 Italian Local Health Units was performed. All individuals with at least one TG measurement between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015 were followed through December 2016. Outcome measures included incident ASCVD events and all‐cause mortality. Individuals with normal TG levels (<150 mg/dL) were compared with those with high (150–500 mg/dL) and very high TG (>500 mg/dL). 158 042 individuals (142 289 with normal, 15 558 with high, and 195 with very high TG) were considered. In the whole cohort, the overall incidence rates of ASCVD and all‐cause mortality were 7.2 and 17.1 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with high and very high TG showed a significantly increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–1.63],
P
<0.001, and HR=3.08 [95% CI 1.46–6.50],
P
<0.01, respectively) and incident ASCVD events (HR=1.61 [95% CI 1.43–1.82],
P
<0.001, and HR=2.30 [95% CI 1.02–5.18],
P
<0.05, respectively) as compared to those with normal TG.

Conclusions
Moderate‐to‐severe elevation of TG is associated with a significantly increased risk of all‐cause mortality and ASCVD events in a large cohort of low‐to‐moderate cardiovascular risk individuals in a real‐world clinical setting.
Effects of Home‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Time to Enrollment and Functional Status in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Schopfer David W. , Whooley Mary A. , Allsup Kelly , Pabst Mark , Shen Hui , Tarasovsky Gary , Duvernoy Claire S. , Forman Daniel E. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Cardiac rehabilitation is an established performance measure for adults with ischemic heart disease, but patient participation is remarkably low. Home‐based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) may be more practical and feasible, but evidence regarding its efficacy is limited. We sought to compare the effects of HBCR versus facility‐based cardiac rehabilitation (FBCR) on functional status in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Methods and Results

This was a pragmatic trial of 237 selected patients with a recent ischemic heart disease event, who enrolled in HBCR or FBCR between August 2015 and September 2017. The primary outcome was 3‐month change in distance completed on a 6‐minute walk test. Secondary outcomes included rehospitalization as well as patient‐reported physical activity, quality of life, and self‐efficacy. Characteristics of the 116 patients enrolled in FBCR and 121 enrolled in HBCR were similar, except the mean time from index event to enrollment was shorter for HBCR (25 versus 77 days;
P
<0.001). As compared with patients undergoing FBCR, those in HBCR achieved greater 3‐month gains in 6‐minute walk test distance (+95 versus +41 m;
P
<0.001). After adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, and indication, the mean change in 6‐minute walk test distance remained significantly greater for patients enrolled in HBCR (+101 versus +40 m;
P
<0.001). HBCR participants reported greater improvements in quality of life and physical activity but less improvement in exercise self‐efficacy. There were no deaths or cardiovascular hospitalizations.

Conclusions
Patients enrolled in HBCR achieved greater 3‐month functional gains than those enrolled in FBCR. Our data suggest that HBCR may safely derive equivalent benefits in exercise capacity and overall program efficacy in selected patients.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02105246.
Degeneration of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Update 2020
Authors: Kostyunin Alexander E. , Yuzhalin Arseniy E. , Rezvova Maria A. , Ovcharenko Evgeniy A. , Glushkova Tatiana V. , Kutikhin Anton G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The implantation of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) is increasingly becoming the treatment of choice in patients requiring heart valve replacement surgery. Unlike mechanical heart valves, BHVs are less thrombogenic and exhibit superior hemodynamic properties. However, BHVs are prone to structural valve degeneration (SVD), an unavoidable condition limiting graft durability. Mechanisms underlying SVD are incompletely understood, and early concepts suggesting the purely degenerative nature of this process are now considered oversimplified. Recent studies implicate the host immune response as a major modality of SVD pathogenesis, manifested by a combination of processes phenocopying the long‐term transplant rejection, atherosclerosis, and calcification of native aortic valves. In this review, we summarize and critically analyze relevant studies on (1) SVD triggers and pathogenesis, (2) current approaches to protect BHVs from calcification, (3) obtaining low immunogenic BHV tissue from genetically modified animals, and (4) potential strategies for SVD prevention in the clinical setting.
The Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) Product Suite
Authors: Liang Shunlin , Cheng Jie , Jia Kun , Jiang Bo , Liu Qiang , Xiao Zhiqiang , Yao Yunjun , Yuan Wenping , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhao Xiang , Zhou Ji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:The Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) product suite currently contains 12 products, including leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of green vegetation coverage, gross primary production, broadband albedo, broadband longwave emissivity, downward shortwave radiation and photosynthetically active radiation, land surface temperature, downward and upwelling thermal radiation, all-wave net radiation, and evapotranspiration. These products are generated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data. Their unique features include long-term temporal coverage (many from 1981 to the present), high spatial resolutions of the surface radiation products (1 km and 0.05°), spatial continuities without missing pixels, and high quality and accuracy based on extensive validation using in situ measurements and intercomparisons with other existing satellite products. Moreover, the GLASS products are based on robust algorithms that have been published in peer-reviewed literature. Herein, we provide an overview of the algorithm development, product characteristics, and some preliminary applications of these products. We also describe the next steps, such as improving the existing GLASS products, generating more climate data records (CDRs), broadening product dissemination, and fostering their wider utilization. The GLASS products are freely available to the public.
Prevalence and socioeconomic factors in the prescription of concurrent amphetamine and alprazolam
Authors: Zarkowski Paul A , Van-Den-Ende Alex R , Groen Jacob A 
Published: September 2020

Objective Goals were to determine the prevalence of concurrent prescription of amphetamine and alprazolam, and examine variation by socioeconomic factors. Methods Washington State’s Prescription Monitoring Program was reviewed for calendar years 2013 through 2017. Individuals receiving more than 180 days of amphetamine, alprazolam or both were tabulated for each zip code. Prescription rates were compared between zip codes with variation in rural/urban setting and fraction of low and high income households using a multiple regression. Results One in 3920 individuals in the general population of Washington State were taking a combination of alprazolam and amphetamine. The statewide prevalence of this combination increased 40.2% between 2013 and 2017. The prevalence of the combination in each zip code is significantly positively correlated with the fraction of high income households, p < 0.001, and urban area, p < 0.05. In contrast, the prevalence of amphetamine increased with both the fraction of high income, p < 0.001, and low income households, p < 0.01, with an incremental increase over twice as large with fraction of high income (b = 232 (25)) than low income households (b = 102 (38)). In contrast, alprazolam decreased in prevalence with the fraction of high income households, p < 0.05. Conclusions The prevalence of concurrent prescription of alprazolam and amphetamine correlates with local socioeconomic factors, including greater household income, instead of the prevalence of FDA indications, including anxiety disorders or ADHD. More clinical studies are required to establish efficacy and guidelines for safe use to mitigate the increased risk of accidents in patients taking concurrent amphetamine and alprazolam.