bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporomandibular Joint analysis in patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction
Authors: Ortiz Barcia Roberto Octavio , Jorge Eduardo Barona Terán 
Published: March 2020

The disk displacement (DD) is a TMJ internal alteration that accompanies temporomandibular disorders, being found in up to 55% of the population. This can be defined as the anomalous relationship of the disc with the bone structures of the TMJ causing a Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD), that is, incoordination between the disc and the condyle. Objective: Establish specific characteristics of Tmj structures as a predisposing factors for Temporomandibular disorders. Materials y Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in which 45 MRI magnetic resonances were analyzed, meaning 90 joints, which were found in the Imaging Diagnostic Department database of the Omni Hospital. Its analysis was carried out under different methods accordind the structure studied.Results: The most prevalent disk displacement was slight in 48.89%. The greatest inclination of joint eminence occurred in 85.71% of moderate DD in men and in 55.56% of severe DD in women. The posterior condylar position was found in 100% severe DD. Sigmoid type morphology occurred in 52.22%, being more prevalent in severe DD in 66.67%. The folded disk morphology was found in moderate DD and severe DD in 52.38% and 33.33%. Finally, vertical condylar asymmetry occurred in 55,56% of the patients analyzed. Conclusion: It was concluded that certain characteristics are more prevalent than others that could alert us the presence of disk displacement and its severity as the posterior condylar position and the articular eminence morphology.
The Dark Planets of the WASP-47 Planetary System
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Fetherolf Tara , Hill Michelle L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Exoplanet discoveries have demonstrated a vast range of planetary system architectures. The demographic of compact planetary systems are especially interesting from the perspective of planetary formation and the evolution of orbital dynamics. Another interesting demographic is that of giant planets in eccentric orbits, since these planets have likely had a dynamical history involving planet–planet scattering events. The WASP-47 system is particularly fascinating since it combines these two demographics, having both compact planetary orbits and a giant planet on an eccentric orbit within the system the habitable zone. Here we provide an analysis of the WASP-47 system from the perspective of atmospheric detection and characterization. We discuss the system architecture and the potential for additional long-period planets. We simulate expected phase variations as a function of planet orbital phase for the system due to the combined effect of the planets. We present an analysis of precision photometry of WASP-47 from the K2 mission, phased on each of the planets. The analysis rules out the detection of phase signatures for the two inner-most planets, enabling constraints upon their albedos and atmospheric properties. Our study concludes that WASP-47b is an example of a “dark” planet with a tentative geometric albedo of 0.016 and a 1σ upper limit of 0.17. The WASP-47e data are consistent with a broad range of albedos, but also show early evidence of having a relatively low albedo. The growing number of dark, short-period giant planets provide the framework of an ideal sample for studying low albedo dependence on atmospheric composition.
A Model for the Onset of Self-gravitation and Star Formation in Molecular Gas Governed by Galactic Forces. II. The Bottleneck to Collapse Set by Cloud–Environment Decoupling
Authors: Meidt Sharon E. , Glover Simon C. O. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Leroy Adam K. , Rosolowsky Erik , Hughes Annie , Schinnerer Eva , Schruba Andreas , Usero Antonio , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo , Chevance Mélanie , Pety Jerome , Querejeta Miguel , Utomo Dyas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Meidt et al., we showed that gas kinematics on the scale of individual molecular clouds are not entirely dominated by self-gravity but also track a component that originates with orbital motion in the potential of the host galaxy. This agrees with observed cloud line widths, which show systematic variations from virial motions with environment, pointing at the influence of the galaxy potential. In this paper, we hypothesize that these motions act to slow down the collapse of gas and so help regulate star formation. Extending the results of Meidt et al., we derive a dynamical collapse timescale that approaches the free-fall time only once the gas has fully decoupled from the galactic potential. Using this timescale, we make predictions for how the fraction of free-falling, strongly self-gravitating gas varies throughout the disks of star-forming galaxies. We also use this collapse timescale to predict variations in the molecular gas star formation efficiency, which is lowered from a maximum, feedback-regulated level in the presence of strong coupling to the galactic potential. Our model implies that gas can only decouple from the galaxy to collapse and efficiently form stars deep within clouds. We show that this naturally explains the observed drop in star formation rate per unit gas mass in the Milky Way’s Central Molecular Zone and other galaxy centers. The model for a galactic bottleneck to star formation also agrees well with resolved observations of dense gas and star formation in galaxy disks and the properties of local clouds.
Using Data Imputation for Signal Separation in High-contrast Imaging
Authors: Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Pueyo Laurent , Chen Christine , Choquet Élodie , Debes John H. , Duchêne Gaspard , Ménard François , Perrin Marshall D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To characterize circumstellar systems in high-contrast imaging, the fundamental step is to construct a best point-spread function (PSF) template for the noncircumstellar signals (i.e., starlight and speckles) and separate it from the observation. With existing PSF construction methods, the circumstellar signals (e.g., planets, circumstellar disks) are unavoidably altered by overfitting and/or self-subtraction, making forward modeling a necessity to recover these signals. We present a forward modeling–free solution to these problems with data imputation using sequential nonnegative matrix factorization (DI-sNMF), which first converts this signal separation problem to a “missing data” problem in statistics by flagging the regions that host circumstellar signals as missing data, then attributes PSF signals to these regions. We mathematically prove it to have negligible alteration to circumstellar signals when the imputation region is relatively small, which thus enables precise measurement of these circumstellar objects. We apply it to simulated point-source and circumstellar disk observations to demonstrate its proper recovery of them. We apply it to Gemini Planet Imager K1-band observations of the debris disk surrounding HR 4796A, finding a tentative trend that the dust is more forward scattering as the wavelength increases. We expect DI-sNMF to be applicable to other general scenarios where the separation of signals is needed.
Black Hole Parameter Estimation from Its Shadow
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Ghosh Sushant G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global submillimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, unveiled event-horizon–scale images of the supermassive black hole M87* as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 ± 3 μas, and it is consistent with the shadow of a Kerr black hole of general relativity. A Kerr black hole is also a solution of some alternative theories of gravity, while several modified theories of gravity admit non-Kerr black holes. While earlier estimates for the M87* black hole mass, depending on the method used, fall in the range

, the EHT data indicated a mass for the M87* black hole of (6.5 ± 0.7) × 109
M
⊙. This offers another promising tool to estimate black hole parameters and to probe theories of gravity in its most extreme region near the event horizon. The important question arises: Is it possible by a simple technique to estimate black hole parameters from its shadow, for arbitrary models? In this paper, we present observables, expressed in terms of ordinary integrals, characterizing a haphazard shadow shape to estimate the parameters associated with black holes, and then illustrate its relevance to four different models: Kerr, Kerr–Newman, and two rotating regular models. Our method is robust, accurate, and consistent with the results obtained from existing formalism, and it is applicable to more general shadow shapes that may not be circular due to noisy data.
The Turbulent Stress Spectrum in the Inertial and Subinertial Ranges
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Boldyrev Stanislav 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For velocity and magnetic fields, the turbulent pressure and, more generally, the squared fields such as the components of the turbulent stress tensor, play important roles in astrophysics. For both one and three dimensions, we derive the equations relating the energy spectra of the fields to the spectra of their squares. We solve the resulting integrals numerically and show that for turbulent energy spectra of Kolmogorov type, the spectral slope of the stress spectrum is also of Kolmogorov type. For shallower turbulence spectra, the slope of the stress spectrum quickly approaches that of white noise, regardless of how blue the spectrum of the field is. For fully helical fields, the stress spectrum is elevated by about a factor of two in the subinertial range, while that in the inertial range remains unchanged. We discuss possible implications for understanding the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves from causally generated magnetic fields during cosmological phase transitions in the early universe. We also discuss potential diagnostic applications to the interstellar medium, where polarization and scintillation measurements characterize the square of the magnetic field.
Variable Accretion onto Protoplanet Host Star PDS 70
Authors: Thanathibodee Thanawuth , Molina Brandon , Calvet Nuria , Serna Javier , Bae Jaehan , Reynolds Mark , Hernández Jesús , Muzerolle James , Hernández Ramiro Franco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The PDS 70 system has been subject to many studies in the past year following the discovery of two accreting planets in the gap of its circumstellar disk. Nevertheless, the mass accretion rate onto the star is still not well known. Here, we determined the stellar mass accretion rate and its variability based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher (HARPS) observations. The stellar light curve shows a strong signal with a 3.03 ± 0.06 days period, which we attribute to stellar rotation. Our analysis of the HARPS spectra shows a rotational velocity of

, indicating that the inclination of the rotation axis is 50° ± 8°. This implies that the rotation axes of the star and its circumstellar disk are parallel within the measurement error. We apply magnetospheric accretion models to fit the profiles of the Hα line and derive mass accretion rates onto the star in the range of

, varying over the rotation phase. The measured accretion rates are in agreement with those estimated from near-UV fluxes using accretion shock models. The derived accretion rates are higher than expected from the disk mass and planets’ properties for the low values of the viscous parameter α suggested by recent studies, potentially pointing to an additional mass reservoir in the inner disk to feed the accretion, such as a dead zone. We find that the He I λ10830 line shows a blueshifted absorption feature, indicative of a wind. The mass-loss rate estimated from the line depth is consistent with an accretion-driven inner disk MHD wind.
Correlation of Disease Activity and Quality of Life of Patients with Psoriasis after Narrow-band Ultraviolet B Therapy
Authors: Dourmishev Lyubomir A. , Lyubomirova Karolina 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Treatment with ultraviolet light is a well-established and effective treatment option for mild to moderate psoriasis. The aims of the study were to measure the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) reduction after narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB UVB) therapy, to evaluate the quality of life before and after treatment using the dermatology life quality index (DLQI), and to compare the clinical effectiveness with quality of life improvement.
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Material and methods: Twenty two patients (13 male and 9 female patients), aged between 21 to 70 years (mean age 40&plusmn;14.65 years) were enrolled in the study. NB UVB treatment was performed with 10 to 25 (mean 18.5; SD 3.39) procedures with cumulative doses of 5 to 19.4 J/cm2. The baseline median PASI score was 20.027 which decreased after therapy to 11.11. More than PASI 50% reduction was achieved in 40.91% of the patients after at least 6 weeks of treatment and the results are highly statistically significant. Quality of life (QoL) assessed using DLQI was found moderately affected by disease pretreatment. NB UVB therapy significantly increased DLQI score in spectrum of &lsquo;symptoms and feelings&rsquo; and &lsquo;treatment&rsquo;.
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Discussion: The PASI score reduction that we observed after NB-UVB therapy is consistent with the results reported by other authors. Baseline DLQI scores were indicative of moderate QoL impairments associated with disease. At the same time, the reduction of the DLQI index corresponding to improved QoL correlated with the objective clinical symptom assessment.&nbsp;
&nbsp;
Conclusion: Our data suggest that DLQI and PASI indexes are important complementary methods for comprehensive health assessment of patients with psoriasis.&nbsp;
Se salir les mains pour les autres. Métiers de femme et division morale du travail
Authors: Avril Christelle , Ramos Vacca Irene 
Published: March 2020

Qu’est-ce qu’un « métier de femme » ? Cet article permet d’enrichir la réponse féministe à cette question à partir d’un angle négligé de l’approche du sale boulot d’Everett Hughes, celui concernant les rôles dans la division morale du travail. À partir de trois enquêtes, l’une sur les aides à domicile, la deuxième sur les aides-soignantes et infirmières en pédiatrie et la troisième sur les secrétaires hospitalières, il montre qu’un « métier de femme » se définit moins par la licence spécifique de faire certaines tâches que par le fait de faire ce qu’il reste à faire. Si les femmes peuvent vivre cette délégation positivement lorsqu’il s’agit d’endosser de « bons rôles », cela est moins vrai lorsqu’elles doivent se salir les mains pour les autres. Elles assument en effet de « mauvais rôles » en déchargeant les catégories supérieures des tâches peu morales et voire immorales. Cet article contribue à saisir les liens entre division sexuelle des rôles et construction des positions de pouvoir et de prestige.
Laboratory preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 testing in India
Authors: Gupta Nivedita , Potdar Varsha , Praharaj Ira , Giri Sidhartha , Sapkal Gajanan , Yadav Pragya , Choudhary Manohar Lal , Dar Lalit , Sugunan A.P. , Kaur Harmanmeet , Munivenkatappa Ashok , Shastri Jayanthi , Kaveri Krishnasamy , Dutta Shanta , Malhotra Bharti , Jain Amita , Nagamani Kammilli , Shantala G.B. , Raut Sharmila , Vegad M.M. , Sharma Ajanta , Choudhary Aashish , Brijwal Megha , Balakrishnan Anukumar , Manjunatha Jayaswamy , Pathak Manish , Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Banu Hasina , Sharma Himanshu , Jain Parul , Sunita Pakalpati , Ambica R. , Fageria Babita , Patel Disha , Rajbongshi Gitika , Vijay Neetu , Narayan Jitendra , Aggarwal Neeraj , Nagar Anu , Gangakhedkar Raman R. , Abraham Priya 
Published: March 2020

Background & objectives:
An outbreak of respiratory illness of unknown aetiology was reported from Hubei province of Wuhan, People's Republic of China, in December 2019. The outbreak was attributed to a novel coronavirus (CoV), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and the disease as COVID-19. Within one month, cases were reported from 25 countries. In view of the novel viral strain with reported high morbidity, establishing early countrywide diagnosis to detect imported cases became critical. Here we describe the role of a countrywide network of VRDLs in early diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods:
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, established screening as well as confirmatory assays for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 13 VRDLs were provided with the E gene screening real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. VRDLs were selected on the basis of their presence near an international airport/seaport and their past performance. The case definition for testing included all individuals with travel history to Wuhan and symptomatic individuals with travel history to other parts of China. This was later expanded to include symptomatic individuals returning from Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand and South Korea.

Results:
Within a week of standardization of the test at NIV, all VRDLs could initiate testing for SARS-CoV-2. Till February 29, 2020, a total of 2,913 samples were tested. This included both 654 individuals quarantined in the two camps and others fitting within the case definition. The quarantined individuals were tested twice - at days 0 and 14. All tested negative on both occasions. Only three individuals belonging to different districts in Kerala were found to be positive.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential to cause a pandemic posed an unsurmountable challenge to the public health system of India. However, concerted efforts of various arms of the Government of India resulted in a well-coordinated action at each level. India has successfully demonstrated its ability to establish quick diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 at NIV, Pune, and the testing VRDLs.
Climate-induced migration and resilient cities: a new urban agenda for sustainable development
Authors: Serraglio Diogo Andreola , Ferreira Heline Sivini , Robinson Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

O presente estudo propõe-se a examinar como migrações de cunho climático podem contribuir para a expansão sustentável de cidades. A partir do método dedutivo, as conexões entre mudanças climáticas e mobilidade humana são inicialmente analisadas. Em seguida, investiga-se como os centros urbanos lidam com tais fenômenos e, por fim, volta-se à Agenda 2030, com especial atenção ao ODS 11. Apesar de almejar tornar as cidades e os assentamentos urbanos inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis, esse ODS não considera o papel desempenhado por migrantes climáticos em áreas urbanizadas. Explora-se, diante disso, a Nova Agenda Urbana(ONU-HABITAT),que reconhece que migrantes podem trazer contribuições sociais, econômicas e culturais para a vida urbana.
Abiraterone vs. docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A microsimulation model
Authors: Hird Amanda E. , Magee Diana E. , Cheung Douglas C. , Matta Rano , Kulkarni Girish S. , Nam Robert K. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Our aim was to determine whether androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with abiraterone acetate (AA) or ADT with docetaxel chemotherapy (DC) resulted in improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) among men with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and the cost-effectiveness of the preferred strategy using decision analytic techniques.
Methods: A microsimulation model with a lifetime time horizon was constructed. Our primary outcome was QALYs. Secondary outcomes included cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), unadjusted overall survival (OS), rates of second- and third-line therapy, and adverse events. A systematic literature review was used to generate probabilities and utilities to populate the model. The base case was a 65-year-old patient with de novo mCSPC.
Results: A total of 100 000 microsimulations were generated. Initial AA resulted in a gain of 0.45 QALYs compared to DC (3.36 vs. 2.91 QALYs) with an ICER of $276 251.84 per QALY gained with initial AA therapy. Median crude OS was 51 months with AA and 48 months with DC. Overall, 46.6% and 42.6% of patients received second-line therapy and 8.7% and 7.9% patients received third-line therapy in the AA and DC groups, respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events were experienced in 17.6% of patients receiving initial AA and 22.3% of patients receiving initial DC.
Conclusions: Although ADT with AA results in a gain in QALYs and crude OS compared to DC, AA therapy is not a cost-effective treatment strategy to apply uniformly to all patients. The availability of AA as a generic medication may help to close this gap. The ultimate choice should be based on patient and tumor factors.
Utility of digital rectal examination in a population with prostate cancer treated with active surveillance
Authors: Herrera-Caceres Jaime O. , Wettstein Marian S. , Goldberg Hanan , Toi Ants , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Woon Dixon T.S. , Ahmad Ardalan E. , Sanmamed-Salgado Noelia , Alhunaidi Omar , Ajib Khaled , Nason Gregory , Tan Guan Hee , Fleshner Neil , Klotz Laurence 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is part of the clinical evaluation of men on active surveillance (AS). The purpose of the present study is to analyze the value of DRE as a predictor of upgrading in a population of men with prostate cancer (PC) treated with AS.
Methods: We used the prostate biopsy (PBx) database from an academic center, including PBx from 2006–2018, and identified 2029 confirmatory biopsies (CxPBx) of men treated with AS, of which 726 men had both diagnostic (initial) and CxPBx information available. We did a descriptive analysis and evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of DRE for the detection of clinically significant PC (csPC). Multivariable regression analysis was done to identify predictors of csPC. The primary outcome was to evaluate DRE as a predictor of the presence of csPC at CxPBx.
Results: Among the 2029 patients with a CxPBx, 75% had PC, and of these, 30.3% had upgrading to ISUP Grade ≥2. Thirteen percent of men had a suspicious DRE (done by their treating physician). Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of DRE to detect csPC were best with a PSA <4 ng/ml (27%, 88%, 31%, and 87%, respectively). A suspicious DRE at CxPBx, particularly if the DRE at diagnosis was negative, was a predictor of csPC (odds ratio [OR] 2.34; p=0.038). The main limitation of our study is the retrospective design and the lack of magnetic resonance imaging.
Conclusions: We believe DRE should still be used as part of AS and can predict the presence of csPC even with low PSA values. A suspicious nodule on DRE represents a higher risk of upgrading and should prompt further assessment.