bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient electromagnetic sources can detect solitary black holes in Milky Way galaxy
Authors: Jana Susmita , Goswami Rituparno , Shankaranarayanan S , Maharaj Sunil D 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The Milky Way galaxy is estimated to host up to a billion stellar-mass solitary black holes (BHs). The number and distribution of BH masses can provide crucial information about the processes involved in BH formation, the existence of primordial BHs, and the interpretation of gravitational wave (GW) signals detected in LIGO–VIRGO–KAGRA. Sahu et al. recently confirmed one solitary stellar-mass BH in our galaxy using astrometric microlensing. This work proposes a novel mechanism to identify such BH by analysing the frequency and damping of the quasi-normal modes of GW generated from the interaction of the BH and EM wave originating from a transient electromagnetic (TEM) source. The incoming EM waves distort the curvature of a BH, releasing GWs as it returns to a steady state. Using the covariant semitetrad formalism, we quantify the generated GWs via the Regge–Wheeler tensor and relate the GW amplitude to the energy of the TEM. We demonstrate that isolated BHs at a distance of 50 pc from Earth can be detected by LIGO A+ and 100 pc by Cosmic Explorer/Einstein Telescope. Additionally, we discuss the observational implications for orphan afterglows associated with GRBs, highlighting the potential for further discoveries.
RNA elements required for the high efficiency of West Nile virus-induced ribosomal frameshifting
Authors: Aleksashin Nikolay A , Langeberg Conner J , Shelke Rohan R , Yin Tianhao , Cate Jamie H D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) requires programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting for translation of the viral genome. The efficiency of WNV frameshifting is among the highest known. However, it remains unclear why WNV exhibits such a high frameshifting efficiency. Here, we employed dual-luciferase reporter assays in multiple human cell lines to probe the RNA requirements for highly efficient frameshifting by the WNV genome. We find that both the sequence and structure of a predicted RNA pseudoknot downstream of the slippery sequence—the codons in the genome on which frameshifting occurs—are required for efficient frameshifting. We also show that multiple proposed RNA secondary structures downstream of the slippery sequence are inconsistent with efficient frameshifting. We also find that the base of the pseudoknot structure likely is unfolded prior to frameshifting. Finally, we show that many mutations in the WNV slippery sequence allow efficient frameshifting, but often result in aberrant shifting into other reading frames. Mutations in the slippery sequence also support a model in which frameshifting occurs concurrent with or after ribosome translocation. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular determinants of WNV-programmed ribosomal frameshifting and provide a foundation for the development of new antiviral strategies targeting viral gene expression.
Validity of the E-cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives in Exclusive E-cigarette Users: Evidence From a Laboratory Self-Administration Study
Authors: Piasecki Thomas M , Korcarz Claudia E , Hansen Kristin M , Bolt Daniel M , Fiore Michael C , Stein James H , Baker Timothy B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Prior research suggests that the e-Cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (e-WISDM) distinguishes primary (e-PDM) and secondary dependence (e-SDM); however, there is little research on these e-WISDM dimensions and prior research comprised dual users (using cigarettes and e-cigarettes) and those using older generations of e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
Exclusive users of contemporary e-cigarettes (N = 164) completed the e-WISDM and a laboratory self-administration session and rated pre-use expectancies and post-use experiences.

Results
Only a 1-factor model limited to the primary scales (Automaticity, Tolerance, Craving, Loss of Control) achieved a good model fit. The e-PDM was correlated with the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI), r = .79, p &lt; .001. The e-PDM and PS-ECDI were similarly correlated with the use topography and self-reported measures. Analyses of motive profiles identified Taste, Tolerance, and Automaticity as the most strongly endorsed motives in the full sample. Subgroup analyses indicated primary motives were more elevated in daily versus non-daily e-cigarette users and participants with versus without a history of smoking cigarettes. Taste motives were stronger in users of third versus fourth-generation e-cigarettes.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the four e-PDM subscales are a concise, reliable, and valid measure of core e-cigarette dependence motives that are related to meaningful dependence attributes.

Implications
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are dependence-producing. Instruments that measure e-cigarette dependence are necessary to identify users who may have difficulty quitting e-cigarettes and who are at risk for use-related harms. The four subscales of the e-WISDM PDM index self-reported heavy e-cigarette use, craving, automatic or mindless use, and perceived loss of control over use. The current research supports the validity of the e-WISDM PDM as a measure of core e-cigarette dependence in users of today’s e-cigarette devices.
Exploring Gender Differences in Receipt of the 5As for Smoking Cessation for Recently Diagnosed Cancer Patients (ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD)
Authors: Finkelstein-Fox Lucy , Sicks JoRean D , Wagner Lynne I , Carlos Ruth C , Miranda Isabelle L , Rosen Rachel L , Lopes Maria , Goshe Brett M , Gareen Ilana F , Herman Benjamin A , Taurone Alexander , Wangari Walter Angela , Rasmussen Autumn W , Levy Douglas E , Thompson Michael A , Malloy Laura , Gonzalez Irina , Burnette Brian L , Throckmorton Alyssa D , Tingen Martha S , Ostroff Jamie S , Park Elyse R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Aims and Methods
This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As from an oncology provider among 306 recently diagnosed male and female cancer patients. Receipt of praise for quitting efforts was also assessed as an indicator of empathic communication. Participants completed baseline surveys as part of a larger clinical trial focused on smoking cessation (NCT03808818), reflecting on pretrial interactions with their oncology clinicians.

Results
Most male and female patients received “Ask,” “Advise,” and “Assess” (ie, asking patients if they smoke, advising them to quit, and assessing their interest in doing so), though significant gender differences emerged in receiving “Assist” and “Arrange follow-up.” Women were less likely to receive assistance (eg, medication or counseling referral; 85.25% vs. 93.18%, respectively) or a follow-up appointment to discuss their progress (28.11% vs. 40.91%, respectively). Approximately half of men and women were praised for their quitting efforts. In exploratory sensitivity analyses, gender differences in “Arrange follow-up” were attenuated when adjusting for cancer location (smoking-related or not), self-reported distress, and self-reported coping ability.

Conclusions
Women may be at risk for suboptimal smoking-related support during cancer care, as assistance and follow-up are essential to sustained abstinence. Clinicians should consistently deliver each of the 5As to all cancer patients who smoke, regardless of cancer type or expressed distress/coping difficulty.

Implications
The current study findings add to the growing literature describing gender disparities in tobacco treatment access. Findings highlight an addressable gap in access to tobacco treatment for a group of women who have cancer. Advancements in the equitable delivery of smoking cessation counseling have the potential to improve cessation outcomes for women with cancer who smoke.
Role of the New Physical Examination Minor Criterion (New Heart Murmur) for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios , Monney Pierre , Frank Michelle , Tzimas Georgios , Fourré Nicolas , Zimmermann Virgile , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Kirsch Matthias , Van Hemelrijck Mathias , Dzemali Omer , Epprecht Jana , Guery Benoit , Hasse Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Among 3127 episodes of suspected infective endocarditis, the 2023 Duke–International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases clinical criteria showed an accuracy of 90% for infective endocarditis diagnosis. A new heart murmur was present in 690 (22%) episodes. Excluding imaging and surgical findings decreased the accuracy to 73%, while using the physical examination criterion slightly improved the accuracy to 78%.
General Concepts of the Classical Cadence
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines notions traditionally attached to the concept of cadence in general, retains those features finding genuine expression in the classical style, and investigates problematic ideas that have the potential of producing theoretical and analytical confusion. It is argued that cadence effects formal closure only at middle-ground levels of structure; a cadential progression is highly constrained in its harmonic content; a particular scalar segment of a bass-line melody (engaging the third through sixth scale degrees) is especially associated with cadence; cadential function precedes the moment of cadential arrival; the music following this arrival may be postcadential in function; cadential content must be distinguished from cadential function; some cadences have a limited formal scope; the appearance of consecutive cadences poses significant problems of interpretation; cadence represents a formal end, not a rhythmic or textural stop; and cadential strength can be distinguished in its syntactical and rhetorical aspects.
Cadence in the Mid- to Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 examines cadential practice in the later nineteenth century, focusing on composers such as Liszt, Wagner, Brahms, and Bruckner. Various modes of noncadential closure become more evident during this period, such that pre-dominant arrivals and tonic arrivals can replace the classical dominant arrival. The elevation of subdominant harmony as a polar opposite of the dominant prompts extensive theorizing over the so-called plagal cadence, a mode of closure deemed noncadential in this study, and thus termed plagal closure. The chapter discusses how prolongational closure is often used in this repertory, even to end complete movements. Two new cadential contexts emphasize cadential content over function: the detour cadence, which suddenly confirms a remote tonal region but then immediately gets back on track with a cadence in the expected key; and the iconic cadence, which evokes the apotheosis of cadence by means of a rhetorically exaggerated reference to an idealized classical cadence.
Becoming a Talent Magnet
Authors: 9780190938536  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Becoming a Talent Magnet: Lessons from the Field on Attracting and Recruiting Great People was designed to provide a succinct but up-to-the-minute overview of key strategies and practices for all the major areas in talent acquisition. Intended for both human resources business partners and talent professionals, this book offers practical advice, solid analytics, and powerful technology recommendations interwoven with leading-edge research to accelerate the capability of an organization’s talent functions. The book is designed to serve as a source of objective and research-based guidance for practitioners across the human resources and talent functions. The increasingly important role of artificial intelligence in today’s talent acquisition space is emphasized throughout the volume. Chapters flow in a logical sequence, beginning with a focus on workforce planning, the developing the employment value proposition, sourcing, job postings, recruitment technology, metrics, and ending with the onboarding experience. Each chapter is packed with practical insights, concrete ideas, and proven practices to supercharge an organization’s ability to attract and retain top talent.
Workforce Planning
Authors: Ployhart Robert E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the importance of talent acquisition and the process of workforce planning as central to human resources strategy. It explains why considering talent as a strategic resource is fundamental to understanding the importance of talent acquisition and discusses five unique features of talent resources. Next, the authors consider the practical challenges involved in talent acquisition and provide recommendations, when possible, about how to move past the challenges to become a talent magnet. These include forecasting, workforce planning, identifying rare skills and critical roles, optimizing requisition loads, and interviewing techniques. The chapter concludes with practical implications, tools, suggestions, and recommendations for future research.
Talent Metrics and Analytics in a Sea of Data
Authors: Fink Alexis A. , Delany Tanya , Steffensmeier Jay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers talent acquisition measurement and analytics, exploring the impact of advances in technology on talent metrics. It discusses new data sources and foundational data in staffing process measurement. The explosion of talent variables has changed the process of recruitment, selection, and job consideration for both candidates and employees. Natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) enhance the information available on the employer side. Text analytics (like NLP) and AI can be used to automatically evaluate candidates, based on their résumé, work sample, social media, or application. AI can also ingest and categorize a job posting, or the characteristics of successful incumbents in a role. AI tools can evaluate large amounts of work-related information to build foundational datasets that infer adjacent skills that might not be mentioned but are likely present, moving far beyond a keyword search in the ability to source quality talent.
Symmetry relations between related crystal structures
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Simple examples demonstrate the set-up of Bärnighausen trees for translationengleiche subgroups, klassengleiche subgroups, isomorphic subgroups, and for the case of a common supergroup. The parent clamping approximation and the importance of considering subgroups on a par are introduced. The familiy of structures of ReO3 is developed as an example of substitution derivatives and the family of WO3 as an example of deformation derivatives.
Prediction of possible structure types
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Given an aristotype (for example, a hexagonal-closest packing of spheres) and a structural principle (for example, the partial filling of octahedral voids in this packing), and some more limiting factors, we can derive all possible crystal structures that meet these conditions. Using group—subgroup relations we obtain the corresponding space groups. With Polyá’s enumeration theorem, we can calculate the total number of possible ways how to distribute a given number of atom kinds among a given number of sites. With White’s extension, we can calculate the number of structures depending on symmetry. A formula is given for the combinatorial computation of distributions of atoms among given positions. Another approach is to consider how and with what space groups it is possible to arrange given molecules in a specified manner of packing; this is explained in detail for dimeric pentahalides (MX5)2.
On the theory of phase transitions
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Whether a compound experiences a phase transition is a matter of thermodynamics. According to the Landau theory, the Gibbs free energy can be expanded to a Taylor series with respect to an order parameter η. For a continuous phase transition, only even powers of η may appear in the Taylor series. For a temperature-driven phase transition, η is proportional to [(Tc − T)/Tc]β, T being the temperature, Tc the critical temperature, and β the critical exponent. Landau theory shows discrepancies with experimental findings, especially when there are short-range atomic interactions. An improvement has been achieved with the renormalization-group theory, where fluctuations are considered.
Professional development of teachers as an agent of change in primary mathematics teaching
Authors: Hošpesová Alena , Kaur Berinderjeet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Teachers of mathematics at pre-primary and primary school levels are usually generalists, as they teach most subjects. Therefore, professional development (PD) in mathematics is an important contributing factor to knowledge and practice that has impacts on their instructional practices. This chapter reviews past presentations at SEMT symposia related to PD for mathematics teachers. The selected presentations are organized into three broad areas: (i) developing teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT), (ii) context, content, and structure of PD programmes, and (iii) the impact of PD on participant’s practice. The SEMT presentations illuminated the role of cultural contexts for the efficacy of PD programmes, that the content of most PD programmes was problem solving, and there were limited examples of possible structures for partnerships between institutions, and schools. Lastly, several presentations reported on the impact of PD programmes on participants’ classroom instruction.
Promoting mathematical literacy: Perspectives from SEMT
Authors: Morge Shelby , Pugalee David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A framework for mathematical literacy is used to explore SEMT contributions related to the learning of mathematics. This mathematical literacy framework enables demonstration of how presenters have expanded understanding of students’ processes for learning mathematics and what it means to have a deep mathematical understanding. The framework allows exploration of student learning as one that involves engagement in processes that enable students to learn important mathematics with deep conceptual understanding. This chapter explores reasoning, problem solving, representing, and manipulating as processes that work together to deepen students’ mathematical learning. It also addresses communication, technology, and values as ‘enablers’ that support students as they explore and develop mathematical understandings. Research cited here highlights how these processes and enablers work together. The perspectives from SEMT demonstrate significant and continued contributions that provide a foundation for understanding students’ mathematical learning, and also provide guidance on advancing the knowledge and practices of mathematics educators.
Citizen Agency and Autonomy in Shared Governance
Authors: Dzur Albert W. , Hendriks Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines how citizens’ governance spaces engage with state, market, and civil society actors. The chapter develops the concept of congruence to capture the autonomy and collaboration of citizen spaces as they interact with public and private sector actors. The concept of congruence moves beyond static divisions between state-society-market, recognizing those state and market actors who support collective problem solving by helping citizens find their way through administrative blockages. Drawing on empirical cases, the chapter shows that when there is a high degree of congruence, citizens actively initiate and engage in partnerships to leverage skills, knowledge, and capital to address a collective problem. Congruence cannot always be fully expressed, for example, when citizens are coopted, or when the goals of citizen spaces diverge from those of state and non-state actors; then, citizens might choose to work at some distance. Citizen spaces view state and market actors as potential channels of support and expertise rather than opponents or mere funding sources.
Recognizing the Risks
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the risks facing resource-dependent countries. These include: (i) economic mismanagement (the ‘resource curse’); (ii) political mismanagement; and (iii) environmental damage (climate change and the destruction of natural capital). It distinguishes ‘risk’ (which can be addressed probabilistically) from ‘uncertainty’ (infrequent unpredictable events). Mozambique, with its large natural gas resource, provides examples of all the component risks and uncertainties. The chapter then explores the risks and uncertainties arising from the global transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This shift could result in ‘stranded countries’ as well as ‘stranded assets’. Finally, the chapter explores the nature of the net-zero transition for metals, including the eventual emergence of new cheaper materials as substitutes for critical, but expensive, minerals. Overall, the chapter recommends focusing on a nation’s entire portfolio of natural resources to minimize the impact of shocks, and to mitigate risks and uncertainties.
Transforming States
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While market mechanisms and private initiatives can deliver much for development, public action is also necessary to: maximize the economic benefits of the extractive industries; manage potentially large capital and revenues flows; minimize adverse environmental and social impacts; and steer the economy towards a net-zero future. An ‘all of government’ approach is desirable: to coordinate action, especially between local and central government, around a long-term sector strategy; and to provide the private sector with a consistent policy framework which encourages investment. The chapter also emphasizes improvements to public finance, including taxation, especially those tax issues relating to national strategies for net zero, as well as the politically challenging task of removing fossil fuel subsidies. The chapter discusses the many decisions involved in the macroeconomic management of resource booms, including accumulating (or paying off) debt and how much to spend and how much to save in a sovereign wealth fund.
Transforming Companies
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Companies in the oil, gas, and mining sectors face ever-intensifying scrutiny over their environmental, social, and (corporate) governance (ESG) practices and impacts: from civil society but also from investment funds and other stakeholders with ESG mandates. Companies with good practices—and the chapter documents significant progress since 2000—can deliver substantial benefits to host economies: both local and national. The chapter suggests further ways in which they could enhance their impacts in partnerships with government. Unfortunately, there are also companies that are at best cynical about their ESG impacts, or uncaring: the worst outcomes arise when they coexist with exclusive governments favouring elite interests. The chapter also discusses the issues arising for companies from the eventual stranding of fossil fuels: international oil companies (IOCs) may exit oil and coal, and shift to renewables, at a much faster rate than national oil companies (NOCs). The latter pose a potential macroeconomic risk.