bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective reflection strategy for moderating conformity tendency and promoting reflective judgment performance
Authors: Chen Ming‐Puu , Lord Asta Y. Z. , Cheng Yu‐Yao , Tai Ku‐Chou , Pan Wen‐Harn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReflective judgement is crucial for medical‐related practitioners in dealing with controversial issues. However, the conformity phenomenon is likely to occur and interfere with reflective judgement learning during interactive activities. Effective strategies are required to moderate the conformity behaviour tendency (CBT) and improve reflective judgement performance (RJP). This study demonstrates two significant results: (a) Compared with the guided self‐reflection learning strategy, the online collective reflection (OCR) learning strategy effectively weakened the learners' general CBT while dealing with professional controversial issues; and (b) a significantly negative correlation between the RJP achieved and the change of CBT in online environment was detected in the OCR group. The implications and potential applications in higher education were discussed. Further studies are needed to confirm the long‐term effects and the extending application to other professional studies.
Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially recently uncontrolled glycemia, and intracranial plaque characteristics: A high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Huang Juan , Jiao Sheng , Song Yan , Chen Yuhui , Zhang Jintao , Zhang Chen , Gong Tao , Chen Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is a specific risk factor for intracranial atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially uncontrolled glycemia, and intracranial plaque characteristics using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.Materials and MethodsA total of 263 patients (182 men; mean age 62.6 ± 11.5 years) with intracranial atherosclerotic plaques detected on high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging from December 2017 to March 2019 were included in this study. Patients were divided into different groups: (i) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus; (ii) diabetes patients with uncontrolled glycemia (glycated hemoglobin level ≥7.0%) and controlled glycemia; and (iii), diabetes patients with diabetes duration of <5, 5–10 and >10 years. Comparisons of plaque features between groups were made, respectively.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 118 patients (44.9%). Diabetes patients had a significantly greater prevalence of enhanced plaque, greater maximum plaque length, maximum wall thickness and more severe luminal stenosis than non‐diabetes patients. Compared with diabetes patients with controlled glycemia, those with uncontrolled glycemia had a significantly greater prevalence of enhanced plaque and greater maximum plaque length (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plaque features among patients with different durations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Uncontrolled glycemia was an independent factor for plaque enhancement after adjustment for potential confounding factors (odds ratio 5.690; 95% confidence interval 1.748–18.526; P = 0.004).ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus is closely related to intracranial plaque enhancement and burden. Recently uncontrolled glycemia might play an important role in the development of enhanced plaque.
Bioactive ingredients in Korean cosmeceuticals: Trends and research evidence
Authors: Nguyen Julie K. , Masub Natasha , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCosmeceuticals are commonly used in skincare regimens to maintain healthy skin and improve visible signs of aging. In recent years, South Korean skincare has gained prominence in the global beauty industry by introducing innovative cosmeceutical products and aesthetic trends.ObjectivesTo describe the global impact of Korean skincare and to review the current research evidence for bioactive ingredients commonly found in Korean cosmeceuticals.MethodsA review of the biomedical literature was conducted using PubMed to identify laboratory, animal, and clinical studies that evaluated the biological properties and potential dermatologic uses of ingredients found in Korean cosmeceuticals.ResultsBioactive ingredients in Korean cosmeceutical products are increasingly undergoing scientific validation and are derived from various sources including animals (eg, bee venom and snail mucin), plants (eg, dragon’s blood and tiger grass extract), and biotechnology (eg, synthetic snake venom). Their bioactive components and pharmacologic activities have been shown to provide dermatologic benefits with potential applications for skin rejuvenation, photoprotection, wound healing, and more.ConclusionFurther research studies are warranted to elucidate any biological or therapeutic mechanisms of action of these ingredients, which may translate into clinical practice. With the rising public awareness and interest in Korean cosmeceuticals, patients may seek advice from dermatologists about how to incorporate these bioactive ingredients into their skincare regimens to improve skin health and aesthetics.
What proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain are prescribed an opioid medicine? Systematic review and meta‐regression of observational studies
Authors: Mathieson S. , Wertheimer G. , Maher C.G. , Christine Lin C.‐W. , McLachlan A.J. , Buchbinder R. , Pearson S.‐A. , Underwood M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGuidelines now discourage opioid analgesics for chronic noncancer pain because the benefits frequently do not outweigh the harms. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain who are prescribed an opioid, the types prescribed and factors associated with prescribing. Database searches were conducted from inception to 29 October 2018 without language restrictions. We included observational studies of adults with chronic noncancer pain measuring opioid prescribing. Opioids were categorized as weak (e.g. codeine) or strong (e.g. oxycodone). Study quality was assessed using a risk of bias tool designed for observational studies measuring prevalence. Individual study results were pooled using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression investigated study‐level factors associated with prescribing (e.g. sampling year, geographic region as per World Health Organization). The overall evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Of the 42 studies (5,059,098 participants) identified, the majority (n = 28) were from the United States of America. Eleven studies were at low risk of bias. The pooled estimate of the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain prescribed opioids was 30.7% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.7%, n = 42 studies, moderate‐quality evidence). Strong opioids were more frequently prescribed than weak (18.4% (95% CI 16.0–21.0%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence), versus 8.5% (95% CI 7.2–9.9%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence)). Meta‐regression determined that opioid prescribing was associated with year of sampling (more prescribing in recent years) (P = 0.014) and not geographic region (P = 0.056). Opioid prescribing for patients with chronic noncancer pain is common and has increased over time.
Blood glucose and insulin concentrations after alpha‐2‐agonists administration in horses with and without insulin dysregulation
Authors: Kritchevsky Janice E. , Muir Genevieve S. , Leschke Dakota H. Z. , Hodgson Jack K. , Hess Emily K. , Bertin Francois‐Rene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn metabolically stable horses, alpha‐2‐agonists suppress insulin secretion with transient hyperglycemia and rebound hyperinsulinemia. In horses with insulin dysregulation (ID), the effect of alpha‐2‐agonists has not been investigated; however, both the alpha‐2‐agonist‐induced suppression of insulin secretion and rebound hyperinsulinemia could have clinical relevance.Hypothesis/ObjectivesIn horses with ID, alpha‐2‐agonists will alter insulin and glucose dynamics.AnimalsSeven horses with ID and 7 control horses.MethodsIn this randomized crossover study, xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg) or detomidine hydrochloride (30 μg/kg) were administered IV, and blood was collected for glucose and insulin concentrations at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 minutes after administration. Horses received each drug in a random order with a 24‐hour washout period between drugs. Percent change in glucose and insulin concentrations was compared between groups, drugs, and over time with P < .05 considered significant.ResultsA significant time‐dependent effect of both alpha‐2‐agonists on glucose and insulin concentrations in control and ID horses was identified (P = .01 for all comparisons). There was no significant effect of sedative selection and endocrine status on blood glucose concentration in either group; however, in ID horses, xylazine administration resulted in severe rebound hyperinsulinemia whereas detomidine administration did not (P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlpha‐2‐agonists have a significant effect on glucose and insulin concentrations in horses. In ID horses, detomidine could minimize hyperinsulinemia when compared to xylazine.
Gradients in richness and turnover of a forest passerine's diet prior to breeding: A mixed model approach applied to faecal metabarcoding data
Authors: Shutt Jack D. , Nicholls James A. , Trivedi Urmi H. , Burgess Malcolm D. , Stone Graham N. , Hadfield Jarrod D. , Phillimore Albert B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRather little is known about the dietary richness and variation of generalist insectivorous species, including birds, due primarily to difficulties in prey identification. Using faecal metabarcoding, we provide the most comprehensive analysis of a passerine's diet to date, identifying the relative magnitudes of biogeographic, habitat and temporal trends in the richness and turnover in diet of Cyanistes caeruleus (blue tit) along a 39 site and 2° latitudinal transect in Scotland. Faecal samples were collected in 2014–2015 from adult birds roosting in nestboxes prior to nest building. DNA was extracted from 793 samples and we amplified COI and 16S minibarcodes. We identified 432 molecular operational taxonomic units that correspond to putative dietary items. Most dietary items were rare, with Lepidoptera being the most abundant and taxon‐rich prey order. Here, we present a statistical approach for estimation of gradients and intersample variation in taxonomic richness and turnover using a generalised linear mixed model. We discuss the merits of this approach over existing tools and present methods for model‐based estimation of repeatability, taxon richness and Jaccard indices. We found that dietary richness increases significantly as spring advances, but changes little with elevation, latitude or local tree composition. In comparison, dietary composition exhibits significant turnover along temporal and spatial gradients and among sites. Our study shows the promise of faecal metabarcoding for inferring the macroecology of food webs, but we also highlight the challenge posed by contamination and make recommendations of laboratory and statistical practices to minimise its impact on inference.
Pharmacokinetic changes post–bariatric surgery: A scoping review
Authors: McLachlan Liam A. , Chaar Betty B. , Um Irene S. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBariatric surgeries induce structural changes that can alter the absorption of drugs in patients already at risk of polypharmacy. This scoping review aimed to explore pharmacokinetic changes of orally administered drugs in patients post‐bariatric surgery, and assess the quality and level of bias. Electronic databases were searched for articles relating to bariatric surgery and pharmacokinetics published between 1998 and 2019. Pre‐post studies reporting on pharmacokinetic parameters were included, and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk‐of‐bias. A total of 21 studies were included in this review, and changes in absorption were reported in all included studies across 29 drugs. In 11 studies, this change was reported as statistically significant (p<.05), while six reported a nonsignificant change. More drugs exhibited a shorter Tmax and higher Cmax after surgery than otherwise, however changes in AUC were variable. Four studies were assessed as having fair quality while the remainder of the included studies were of good quality and low risk‐of‐bias. Bariatric surgery alters the absorption of drugs and several mechanisms are implicated to be responsible. Short and long‐term monitoring is recommended in patients post‐surgery for clinical changes in response to medications. Future research with a higher number of participants and greater control of variables, such as concurrent medications, malabsorptive disorders, and body composition should be considered.
Relational insecurity heightens sensitivity to limbal rings in partnered women
Authors: Brown Mitch , Keefer Lucas A. , Sacco Donald F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLimbal rings augment perceived facial health and attractiveness. We thus expected sensitivity to their presence would depend on motives to seek alternative relationship partners among those feeling insecure about a current pairbond. Despite partnered women's relative insensitivity to good gene cues, partnered women feeling relationally dissatisfied might heighten acuity toward limbal rings. We primed single and partnered women with secure or insecure attachment before evaluating the health of male and female faces with and without limbal rings. Insecurity‐primed partnered women demonstrated greater perceptual acuity toward limbal rings than security‐primed partnered women; this sensitivity was reduced in single women. Findings contribute to literature implicating limbal rings as a health cue, demonstrating how dissatisfaction of mating goals modulates preferences for facial features.
Suicide‐Specific Cognitions, Attentional Fixation, and Worst‐Point Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Moscardini Emma H. , Aboussouan Alix B. , Bryan Craig J. , Tucker Raymond P. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe fluid vulnerability theory of suicide posits that each person has a baseline risk for suicide, which is comprised of both stable and dynamic factors. The current study investigated the unique involvement of suicide‐specific cognitions and attentional fixation on recent suicidal ideation (SI) and SI at its worst.MethodData were analyzed from a sample of N = 126 undergraduate students with a history of SI. Path analyses were used to analyze the relationship between suicide‐specific cognitions, attentional fixation, and SI (current and worst point).ResultsResults revealed that suicide‐specific cognitions were directly related to both recent SI and worst‐point SI. Suicide‐specific cognitions had a significant, indirect effect with worst‐point SI through attentional fixation, but this effect was not significant when using recent SI.ConclusionThese data support the need for interventions to target cognitive contents and contexts (e.g., fixation) to reduce escalation of SI. Future work would benefit from replicating and extending results in studies that include prospective designs and the assessment of suicidal behaviors.
Performance of a Nageotte hemocytometer method and a flow cytometric assay for residual leukocyte quantification in leukoreduced canine packed red blood cells
Authors: Viall Austin K. , LeVine Dana N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performances of a manual Nageotte hemocytometer method and commercial fluorescent bead‐based flow cytometric assay for quantifying [rWBC] in leukoreduced canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.DesignProspective study. Five, commercially purchased, double leukoreduced canine pRBC units were spiked with canine leukocytes to create 6 pRBC standards with the following [rWBC]: < 0.1, 0.375, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 24.0 WBC/µL. [rWBC] of each pRBC standard was measured with the Nageotte hemocytometer and flow cytometric techniques. Limit of detection (LoD), linearity, and bias were determined for each method. For each standard, accuracy and precision were calculated; the cumulative accuracy and mean precision for measurements between the LoD and 24.0 WBC/µL were also determined.SettingUniversity veterinary blood bank and clinical pathology laboratory.Measurements and Main ResultsThe Nageotte hemocytometer method had an LoD = 1.48 WBC/µL, inadequate linearity (R2 = 0.92), and a significant negative proportional bias (slope best‐fit line = 0.52 ± 0.03). Between [rWBC] 1.5‐24 WBC/µL, the technique demonstrated poor cumulative accuracy (6.7%) but acceptable mean precision (17.3%). Relative to a 2 rWBC/µL threshold, at 1.5 WBC/µL the method was inaccurate (6.7%) with acceptable precision (16.6%). The flow cytometric assay had an LoD = 1.3 WBC/µL, acceptable linearity (R2 = 0.99), and a mild positive proportional bias (slope best‐fit line = 1.11 ± 0.01). The technique had acceptable cumulative accuracy (80%) and mean precision (10.7%) for measuring [rWBC] between 1.5 and 24 WBC/µL. At 1.5 WBC/µL, this method was acceptably accurate (86.7%) and precise (16.0%).ConclusionsThe flow cytometric assay demonstrated acceptable performance for quantification of [rWBC] in leukoreduced canine pRBC units. The Nageotte hemocytometer method should be used cautiously due to poor accuracy and significant negative bias.
Suicidal thoughts (ideation) among elite athletics (track and field) athletes: associations with sports participation, psychological resourcefulness and having been a victim of sexual and/or physical abuse
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Spreco Armin , Dahlstrom Orjan , Jacobsson Jenny , Kowalski Jan , Bargoria Victor , Mountjoy Margo , Svedin Carl Göran 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine associations between suicidal ideation and sexual and physical abuse among active and recently retired elite athletics (track and field) athletes.MethodsThe study population consisted of all athletes (n=402) selected for a Swedish Athletics team between 2011 and 2017. Data on suicidal ideation, suicidal events (estimated through the 1 year non-sports injury prevalence), lifetime abuse experiences, sociodemographics, sense of coherence and coping strategies were collected using a cross-sectional survey. The data were analysed using binary logistic regression with suicidal ideation and non-sports injury as outcomes.Results192 athletes (47.8%) returned data. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 15.6% (men 17.4%; women 14.2%) and the non-sports injury prevalence was 8.0% (men 11.6%; women 5.7%). Among women, suicidal ideation was associated with having been sexually abused (OR 5.94, 95% CI 1.42 to 24.90; p=0.015) and lower sense of coherence (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.96; p=0.001) (Nagelkerke R2=0.33). Among men, suicidal ideation was only associated with use of behavioural disengagement for coping (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.95; p=0.001) (R2=0.25). Among women, non-sports injury prevalence was associated with having been sexually abused (OR 8.61, 95% CI 1.34 to 55.1; p=0.023) and participating in an endurance event (OR 7.37, 95% CI 1.11 to 48.9; p=0.039 (R2=0.23), while among men, having immigrant parents (OR 5.67, 95% CI 1.31 to 24.5; p=0.020) (R2=0.11) was associated with injury outside sports.ConclusionsAbout one out of six international athletics athletes reported having experienced suicidal ideation. World Athletics and National Olympic Committees need to include suicide prevention in their athlete protection programmes.
Game of Stones: feasibility randomised controlled trial of how to engage men with obesity in text message and incentive interventions for weight loss
Authors: Dombrowski Stephan U , McDonald Matthew , van der Pol Marjon , Grindle Mark , Avenell Alison , Carroll Paula , Calveley Eileen , Elders Andrew , Glennie Nicola , Gray Cindy M , Harris Fiona M , Hapca Adrian , Jones Claire , Kee Frank , McKinley Michelle C , Skinner Rebecca , Tod Martin , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the acceptability and feasibility of narrative text messages with or without financial incentives to support weight loss for men.DesignIndividually randomised three-arm feasibility trial with 12 months’ follow-up.SettingTwo sites in Scotland with high levels of disadvantage according to Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation (SIMD).ParticipantsMen with obesity (n=105) recruited through community outreach and general practitioner registers.InterventionsParticipants randomised to: (A) narrative text messages plus financial incentive for 12 months (short message service (SMS)+I), (B) narrative text messages for 12 months (SMS only), or (C) waiting list control.OutcomesAcceptability and feasibility of recruitment, retention, intervention components and trial procedures assessed by analysing quantitative and qualitative data at 3, 6 and 12 months.Results105 men were recruited, 60% from more disadvantaged areas (SIMD quintiles 1 or 2). Retention at 12 months was 74%. Fewer SMS+I participants (64%) completed 12-month assessments compared with SMS only (79%) and control (83%). Narrative texts were acceptable to many men, but some reported negative reactions. No evidence emerged that level of disadvantage was related to acceptability of narrative texts. Eleven SMS+I participants (31%) successfully met or partially met weight loss targets. The cost of the incentive per participant was £81.94 (95% CI £34.59 to £129.30). Incentives were acceptable, but improving health was reported as the key motivator for weight loss. All groups lost weight (SMS+I: −2.51 kg (SD=4.94); SMS only: −1.29 kg (SD=5.03); control: −0.86 kg (SD=5.64) at 12 months).ConclusionsThis three-arm weight management feasibility trial recruited and retained men from across the socioeconomic spectrum, with the majority from areas of disadvantage, was broadly acceptable to most participants and feasible to deliver.Trial registration numberNCT03040518.