bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The VT Prediction Model: A simplified means to differentiate wide complex tachycardias
Authors: May Adam M. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Kashou Anthony H. , Sridhar Haarini , Hodge David O. , Carter Rickey , Lin Grace , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate separation of undifferentiated wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) using conventional, manually‐applied 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation methods is difficult.PurposeWe sought to devise a new WCT differentiation method that operates solely on automated measurements routinely provided by computerized ECG interpretation software.MethodsIn a two‐part analysis, we developed and validated a logistic regression model (ie, VT Prediction Model) that utilizes routinely available computerized measurements derived from patients' paired WCT and baseline ECGs.ResultsThe derivation cohort consisted of 601 paired WCT (273 VT, 328 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 421 patients. The VT Prediction Model, composed of WCT QRS duration (ms) (P < .0001), QRS duration change (ms) (P < .0001), QRS axis change (°) (P < .0001) and T axis change (°) (P < .0001), yielded effective VT and SWCT differentiation (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.924; confidence interval [CI]: 0.903‐0.944) for the derivation cohort. The validation cohort comprised 241 paired WCT (97 VT, 144 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 177 patients. The VT Prediction Model's implementation on the validation cohort yielded effective WCT differentiation (AUC: 0.900; CI: 0.862‐0.939) with overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.0%, 80.4%, and 88.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe VT Prediction Model is an example of how readily available ECG measurements may be used to distinguish VT and SWCT effectively. Further study is needed to develop and refine newer WCT differentiation approaches that utilize computerized measurements provided by ECG interpretation software.
Rapid detection model of Bacillus subtilis in solid‐state fermentation of rapeseed meal
Authors: Xing Zheng , Jiang Hui , He Ronghai , Mintah Benjamin K. , Dabbour Mokhtar , Dai Chunhua , Sun Ling , Ma Haile 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this research was to monitor variety in the content of Bacillus subtilis 10160 during solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of rapeseed meal by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. Observations showed the coefficient of determination (R2) value was 0.9401 and root‐mean‐square deviation was 0.639 log (CFU/g) for viable cell content by synergies between four intervals 5,203.003–5,600.267, 5,604.124–6,001.388, 6,807.487–7,204.751 and 8,411.972–8,809.235 cm−1. The determination coefficient of prediction (Rp2) and root‐mean‐square deviation of prediction in an external validation set could reach 0.9532 and 0.628 log (CFU/g) by the viable B. subtilis model. These findings suggest that rapid detection of B. subtilis in SSF is achieved by the combination of synergy interval partial least squares and NIR spectroscopy.
Association between Diet Quality and Frailty Prevalence in the Physicians’ Health Study
Authors: Ward Rachel E. , Orkaby Ariela R. , Chen Jiaying , Hshieh Tammy T. , Driver Jane A. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djousse Luc 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESLimited data suggest that a healthy diet is associated with a lower risk of frailty. We sought to assess the relationship between three measures of diet quality and frailty among male physicians.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of a cohort study.SETTINGPhysicians’ Health Study.PARTICIPANTSA total of 9861 initially healthy US men, aged 60 years or older, who provided data on frailty status and dietary habits.MEASUREMENTSA cumulative deficit frailty index (FI) was calculated using 33 variables encompassing domains of comorbidity, functional status, mood, general health, social isolation, and change in weight. Diet quality was measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).RESULTSThe FI identified 38% of physicians as non‐frail, 44% as pre‐frail, and 18% as frail. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, smoking status, and energy intake showed that compared with the lowest aHEI quintiles, those in the highest quintiles had lower odds of frailty and pre‐frailty compared with non‐frailty (odds ratio [OR] for frailty = .47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .39‐.58; for pre‐frailty: OR = .75; CI = .65‐.87). Exercise did not modify this association (P interaction >.1). Similar relationships were observed for DASH and MDS quintiles with frailty and pre‐frailty. Restricted cubic splines showed an inverse dose‐response relationship of diet quality scores with odds of frailty and pre‐frailty.CONCLUSIONCross‐sectional data show an inverse dose‐response relationship of diet quality with pre‐frailty and frailty. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether healthier diet is a modifiable risk factor for frailty.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000500. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:770–776, 2020
Perceptions of Telehospitalist Services to Address Staffing Needs in Rural and Low Complexity Hospitals in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gutierrez Jeydith , Moeckli Jane , McAdams Neo , Kaboli Peter J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeRural hospitals are disproportionally affected by physician shortages and struggle to staff inpatient services. Telemedicine presents an opportunity to address staffing problems and bring the advantages of hospital medicine to rural areas.MethodsIn this study we surveyed administrators from 34 rural and low complexity hospitals in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to evaluate staffing needs and perceptions of a potential telehospitalist service.FindingsOf the 25 respondent facilities (74% response rate), 96% reported vacancies that resulted in staffing difficulties within the last 3 years and 84% relied on intermittent providers to staff their inpatient services in the last year. Almost two‐thirds of respondents thought that a telehospitalist service could help address their staffing needs and 72% were interested in participating in a pilot program.ConclusionsThe results of this study corroborate staffing challenges in rural hospitals within VHA and support the use of alternative staffing models like a telehospitalist service to address intermittent and long‐term staffing needs.
Methodological naturalism, saturation, and Psychology's failure to save the phenomena
Authors: Gantt Edwin E. , Williams Richard N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany scientists and philosophers of science have argued that metaphysical naturalism and methodological naturalism represent distinct and separable philosophical commitments. This claim is true in the sense that metaphysics and epistemology reflect different philosophical projects. The major question of interest to psychologists, however, is whether at the pragmatic level of research designed to discover the psychological sphere in which we live our lives, the metaphysical and the methodological realms are so tightly interwoven that some important aspects of our humanity cannot be faithfully revealed without distortion, or even missed altogether. This paper argues that, in light of its intellectual origins, methodological naturalism is informed by metaphysical naturalism at the level of its formulation, and, thereby, is by its nature more apt to reveal phenomena of certain ontological types and less apt to faithfully reveal phenomena of other ontological types. In this sense, metaphysical naturalism cannot help but subtly shape psychological investigation and thus insert itself to some degree into our understanding of many important psychological phenomena. The work of the French phenomenologist Jean‐Luc Marion, particularly his concept of “saturated phenomena,” is briefly discussed by way of a call for greater methodological openness in psychological research – an openness that will permit psychological scientists to better “save the phenomena” in their accounts of human experience.
Comparative analysis of microbial community in the whole body and midgut from fully engorged and unfed female adult Melophagus ovinus
Authors: Duan D.‐Y. , Zhou H.‐M. , Cheng T.‐Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMelophagus ovinus is a type of ectoparasite infesting sheep. Data regarding the comprehensive bacterial community associated with the whole body and midgut of M. ovinus under different engorged statuses are required. Melophagus ovinus were collected from the city of Jiuquan, China. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the whole body and midgut of fully engorged female adults, or newly hatched and unfed adult female M. ovinus. The 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 hypervariable regions were sequenced using the IonS5™XL platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, U.S.A.). The whole body bacterial diversity of the newly hatched, unfed adult females was greater compared with that of the other three samples. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in all of the samples. Of the 42 total bacterial genera present in all of the experimental samples, Arsenophonus, Bartonella and Wolbachia were the dominant genera. The relative abundance of Arsenophonus in midgut was greater than that in the whole body. The relative abundance of Bartonella in fully engorged adults was far greater than those in newly hatched, unfed adults. The relative abundance of Wolbachia was highest in the whole body of newly hatched, unfed adults. Seventeen bacterial species were identified in all experimental samples. Bartonella chomelii, Streptococcus hyointestinalis and Escherichia coli were the first species reported in M. ovinus.
Negotiating tensions, creating connections: The NZGS early career research network
Authors:   NZGS ECRN
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe New Zealand Geographical Society Early Career Research Network (NZGS ECRN) is a peer‐run network aiming to foster a welcoming and supportive environment for those who identify as early career geographers in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article highlights how the ECRN is working to find space for intervention and connection in an international context of precarity for early career researchers, as well as addressing the ongoing challenges of effectively representing the interests of a diverse and transient group of scholars.
Effects of Single‐Foot Centered and Double‐Foot Centered X‐ray Projection on Hallux Valgus Measurement
Authors: Li Hai‐tao , Bao Bei‐xi , Zhang Jian‐zhong 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether use of single‐foot centered and double‐foot centered weight‐bearing X‐rays has an impact on the relevant indicators of hallux valgus.MethodsA total of 55 female patients from the Department of Ankle Surgery of Beijing Tongren Hospital with hallux valgus (110 feet) were collected from September to December 2015. The age of these patients ranged from 18 to 43 years, with an average age of 47.9 ± 8.5 years. All selected patients fit the diagnostic criteria of hallux valgus and had weight‐bearing single foot centered and double foot centered radiographs taken. During the projection, all patients were instructed to stand on the X‐ray box, with the knee joint straightened and legs perpendicular to the floor. The projection center of the single foot was directed at the lateral part of the scaphoid bone of the foot, while the projection center was directed at the position between the scaphoid bones of both feet for the double‐foot shooting. The hallux valgus angle (HAV), the intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals (IMA), the intermetatarsal angle between the first and fifth metatarsals (IM1‐5), and the metatarsal adduction angle (MAA) were measured and examined. The difference between these two shooting conditions was compared and analyzed.ResultsThe differences in X‐ray measurement results (IMA, HAV, IM1‐5, and MMA) between different measures for the same patient were not statistically significant. The values of HAV, IMA, IM1‐5, and MAA are common indexes for evaluating hallux valgus. The average IMA was 15.9° for single‐foot centered and 14.1° for double‐foot centered X‐rays. The average HAV was 30.2° for single‐foot centered and 29.7° for double‐foot centered X‐rays. The average IM1‐5 was 31.1° for single‐foot centered and 29.7° for double‐foot centered X‐rays. The average of metatarsal adduction angle was 13.8° for single‐foot centered and 14.1° for double‐foot centered X‐rays. The differences between single‐foot centered and double‐foot centered X‐rays were statistically significant in terms of the measurement index (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with double‐foot centered weight‐bearing X‐rays, the focus of single‐foot centered X‐rays was located on the lateral part of the scaphoid bone of the foot, and the ray was closer to the vertical foot in the single‐foot centered weight‐bearing X‐ray.ConclusionWhen the weight‐bearing position and projection distance are the same, the single‐foot centered weight‐bearing X‐ray is more effective in evaluating the severity of hallux valgus compared with the double‐foot centered weight‐bearing X‐ray.
Dealing with Disruption: Congressional Republicans' Responses to Donald Trump's Behavior and Agenda
Authors: Jacobson Gary C. , Liu Huchen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDonald Trump's rhetoric, character, actions, and policy agenda have regularly posed strategic dilemmas for congressional Republicans. While Trump and much of his agenda are broadly unpopular, he has continued to enjoy strong support from the Republican voters who form their core electoral support. In this article, we analyze congressional Republicans’ responses to several of Trump’s most widely reported and controversial actions and comments as well as his legislative agenda. We find that congressional Republicans' personal and legislative positions on Trump reflected their electoral circumstances, their prior reactions to Trump during the campaign, and their ideological leanings. We also consider the positions adopted by congressional Democrats, who faced a more conventional problem of adapting to the president’s level of local support.
A longitudinal examination of power in sibling and friend conflict
Authors: Abuhatoum Shireen , Della Porta Sandra , Howe Nina , DeHart Ganie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined use of power resources and power effectiveness during the process and outcome of focal children's disputes with their sibling and friend across early and middle childhood. Participants included 35/46 families; focal children (15 males, 20 females) were observed at the age of four (T1) and 3 years later at the age of seven (T2) at home. Sibling and friend conflict sequences were coded for power resources (coercive physical, coercive verbal, simple information, elaborated information, legitimate), immediate power effectiveness (attempt, success), and conflict outcome. Relationship effects indicated focal children employed coercive physical and legitimate power more with siblings whereas they used simple information power more with friends during the conflict process. Focal children were more effective using legitimate power with siblings than friends in the conflict process whereas information power was used more when focal children won conflicts with friends. Regarding developmental effects, focal children employed more coercive physical power at T1 than T2 and elaborated information power at T2 than T1. In contrast, focal children were more effective using information power and coercion when winning conflicts with friends at T2 than T1. Results highlight variability in children's use of power based on relationship partner and development.
Arquitectura virreinal en el Valle de Sondondo (Ayacucho, Perú)
Authors: Scaletti Cárdenasa Adriana N. 
Published: December 2019

El valle del río Sondondo, en los Andes del sur del Perú, tiene una rica historia de ocupación cultural desde épocas preincaicas. Hoy alberga además una de las colecciones más inalteradas de iglesias del siglo XVI del país, características de la región y con particularidades que nos permiten pensar en configurar un panorama que ilumine un lugar y un período de la arquitectura virreinal peruana, hasta el momento prácticamente desconocido. Este trabajo, aún en curso, es parte de una investigación más amplia, que analiza los paisajes culturales del valle —que incluye andenes y otras manifestaciones de transformación territorial—, apuntando a la preservación de sus valores mediante una declaratoria patrimonial nacional.
La vulnerabilidad pírica del patrimonio cultural urbano, el incendio de Salamina
Authors: Ocampo Hurtadoa Juan Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

El reto fundamental de la investigación que aquí se presenta, fue la construcción del término “Vulnerabilidad Pírica”, ya que, a pesar de la existencia del enorme bagaje en términos de normativa sobre incendios, la estimación de lavulnerabilidad frente a la pérdida del control del fuego aun es un escenario por descubrir. Esto se debe a que su estimación requiere el conocimiento del desempeño de lo afectado ante escenarios de desastre de este tipo. La metodologíaempleada se basa en la aplicación del método cartesiano en las fases, teórica y práctica de la investigación. Así, la construcción teórica encuentra aplicación, en este caso, en el patrimonio cultural urbano, donde las pérdidas pueden ser irreparables. El caso seleccionado, el incendio de Salamina-Caldas en 2017, demostró el alto nivel de vulnerabilidad en que se encuentra, y a partir del cual se concluye la importancia de proponer medidas especiales de protección para los Bienes de Interés Cultural de este tipo. Como futuras líneas de investigación se proponen los estudios sobre métodos de vulnerabilidad pírica, microzonificación pírica, resiliencia pírica y riesgo residual
Prevalence of myopic maculopathy in the German population: results from the Gutenberg health study
Authors: Hopf Susanne , Korb Christina , Nickels Stefan , Schulz Andreas , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S , Michal Matthias , Schmidtmann Irene , Lackner Karl J , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K 
Published: December 2019

Aims
To determine the prevalence of myopic maculopathy in the general population in Germany and to analyse potential associations with ocular and systemic factors.

Design
The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based study, including 15 010 participants aged 35–74 years.

Methods
Myopic maculopathy was graded in phakic eyes with spherical equivalent ≤−6 D by assessing fundus photographs according to a recent international photographic classification system (META-PM). 801 eyes of 519 participants (mean age 51.0±0.77 years) met the conditions and had gradable fundus photographs. Age-specific prevalence estimates were computed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess associated factors with myopic maculopathy.

Results
Myopic maculopathy was present in 10.3% (95% CI 7.9 to 13.3) study participants. The prevalence was 8.6% (95% CI 6.1% to 11.9%) in the 397 right eyes and 8.7% (95% CI 6.2% to 12.0%) in the 404 left eyes. The most common type of pathology was diffuse atrophy (8.1%), followed by patchy atrophy (1.3%) and macular atrophy (0.5%); plus lesions were present in 3% (right eyes). Age (OR 1.07 per year, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001), higher myopic refractive error (p<0.001), and male gender (p=0.02) were associated with myopic maculopathy, while cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic factors were not.

Conclusions
The prevalence of myopic maculopathy in the German population was 0.5%, and 10% in high myopic participants, aged 35–74 years. These population-based data are the first in Europe. Myopic maculopathy was related to severity of myopic refractive error and age.
Proactive case detection of common childhood illnesses by community health workers: a systematic review
Authors: Whidden Caroline , Thwing Julie , Gutman Julie , Wohl Ethan , Leyrat Clémence , Kayentao Kassoum , Johnson Ari David , Greenwood Brian , Chandramohan Daniel 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionIdentifying design features and implementation strategies to optimise community health worker (CHW) programmes is important in the context of mixed results at scale. We systematically reviewed evidence of the effects of proactive case detection by CHWs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on mortality, morbidity and access to care for common childhood illnesses.MethodsPublished studies were identified via electronic databases from 1978 to 2017. We included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, controlled before–after studies and interrupted time series studies, and assessed their quality for risk of bias. We reported measures of effect as study investigators reported them, and synthesised by outcomes of mortality, disease prevalence, hospitalisation and access to treatment. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) as a principal summary measure, with CIs adjusted for cluster design effect.ResultsWe identified 14 studies of 11 interventions from nine LMICs that met inclusion criteria. They showed considerable diversity in intervention design and implementation, comparison, outcomes and study quality, which precluded meta-analysis. Proactive case detection may reduce infant mortality (RR: 0.52–0.94) and increase access to effective treatment (RR: 1.59–4.64) compared with conventional community-based healthcare delivery (low certainty evidence). It is uncertain whether proactive case detection reduces mortality among children under 5 years (RR: 0.04–0.80), prevalence of infectious diseases (RR: 0.06–1.02), hospitalisation (RR: 0.38–1.26) or increases access to prompt treatment (RR: 1.00–2.39) because the certainty of this evidence is very low.ConclusionProactive case detection may provide promising benefits for child health, but evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions. More research is needed on proactive case detection with rigorous study designs that use standardised outcomes and measurement methods, and report more detail on complex intervention design and implementation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017074621.