bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratic Policymakers’ Ambiguous Support for Reparations: Implications for the Policymaking Process
Authors: Rigby Elizabeth , Griffie Vernicia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the increasing, but complex, support for reparations among Democratic elected officials—highlighting their tendency to endorse the concept while deferring discussion of policy details. This strategic ambiguity is common in policy discourse and can be embedded within policy design, such as legislative proposals to create commissions tasked with studying and recommending future actions on reparations. The effectiveness of these reparations commissions is uncertain. They could represent productive steps toward genuine reparations or simply serve to alleviate political pressure without any substantial policy changes. We explore these potential outcomes in three inter-related analyses: a compilation and comparison of all bills mentioning slavery reparations introduced at the federal and state level, the first nationally representative public opinion poll asking about support for reparations commissions, and a content analysis of legislative bill texts establishing reparations commissions. Our findings suggest that while reparations commissions offer an effective way for Democratic policymakers to manage conflicting constituency pressures in the short term, their potential to propel forward, rather than stall, the reparations debate hinges on their design and execution.
Subnational mapping of anaemia and aetiologic factors in the West and Central African region
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Hailu Bayuh Asmamaw , Nanama Simeon , Ntambi John , Laillou Arnaud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Despite bold commitments to reduce anaemia, little change in prevalence was observed over the past decade. We aimed to generate subnational maps of anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA), malaria transmission and hemoglobinopathies to identify priority areas but also explore their geographical overlap.

Design:
Using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we first mapped anaemia clusters across sub-Saharan Africa and identified the West and Central Africa (WCA) as a major cluster. Geographic clusters with high anaemia and related aetiologic factors were identified using spatial statistics. Multilevel regression models were run to identify factors associated with any, moderate and severe anaemia.

Settings:
West and Central African countries (n 17).

Participants:
WRA (n 112 024) residing in seventeen WCA countries.

Results:
There was a significant overlap in geographical clusters of anaemia, malaria and hemoglobinopathies, particularly in the coastal areas of the WCA region. Low birth interval (0·86 (0·77, 0·97)), number of childbirth (1·12 (1·02, 1·23)) and being in the 15–19 age range (1·47 (1·09, 1·98)) were associated with increased odds of any anaemia. Unimproved toilet facility and open defecation were associated with any anaemia, whereas the use of unclean cooking fuel was associated with moderate/severe anaemia (P < 0·05). Access to healthcare facility, living in malaria-prone areas and hemoglobinopathies (HbC and HbS) were all associated with any, moderate or severe anaemia.

Conclusion:
Interlinkages between infection, hemoglobinopathies and nutritional deficiencies complicate the aetiology of anaemia in the WCA region. Without renewed efforts to integrate activities and align various sectors in the prevention of anaemia, progress is likely to remain elusive.
FXR-regulated COX6A2 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shao Lianqi , Kong Xiangchen , Lv Simian , Shu Xingsheng , Ma Xiaosong , Ai Xiaojiao , Yan Dan , Ying Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPancreatic β-cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 (COX6A2) and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) have been identified in pancreatic β-cells, however, whether they are involved in β-cell apoptosis is unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the role of FXR-regulated COX6A2 in diabetic β-cell apoptosis. We found that COX6A2 expression was increased in islets from diabetic animals, whereas FXR expression was suppressed. Notably, overexpression of COX6A2 facilitated β-cell apoptosis, whereas its deficiency attenuated this process and ameliorates type 2 diabetes, suggesting a pro-apoptotic role of COX6A2 in β-cells. Mechanistically, increased COX6A2 interacted with and enhanced the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), thereby promoting the mitochondrial translocation of Bax, leading to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and ultimately causing β-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FXR negatively regulated COX6A2 expression through the inhibition of histone acetyltransferase p300 occupancy, diminishing histone H3 acetylation at lysine 27 on the Cox6a2 promoter. Furthermore, the deficiency of FXR intensified β-cell apoptosis under diabetic situations. Thus, it is probable that in diabetogenic environments, reduced FXR expression contributes to enhanced COX6A2 expression, culminating in β-cell apoptosis. These findings emphasize the essential involvement of the FXR/p300 pathway-controlled COX6A2 in β-cell apoptosis, revealing a previously undiscovered mechanism underlying diabetic β-cell apoptosis.
Effect of exciton pairing on the stationary Josephson current in superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junctions
Authors: ltskovich I. F. , Shekhter R. I. 
Published: December 2024

The effect of exciton pairing of charge carriers in a semimetal on the stationary Josephson current in superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junctions is considered. It is shown that the phase transition of the semimetal interlayer into an exciton dielectric state for Tγ &lt; Tc (Tγ, Tc are the superconducting and exciton transition temperatures, respectively) is accompanied by a kink on the critical current jc, versus temperature curve at the point T = Tγ. A sharp nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the reduced current jc/jc0 (jc0 is the critical current at Tγ = 0) is also possible in the range T &lt; Tγ. At low temperatures T ≪v1,2/d≪Tγ (v1,2 are the Fermi velocities of the carriers in the semimetal, d is the thickness of the interlayer) the critical current of the superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junction is exponentially smaller than the current in the absence of exciton pairing.
Secondary school teachers’ opinions on the bilingual programme in Andalusia
Authors: Szczesniak Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite numerous benefits that accrue from Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) implementation, the
programme is plagued with a number of challenges. Hence, the main purpose of the study was to scrutinize the secondary school
teachers’ opinions on bilingual programme development and to determine if there were potential differences within the cohort of
teachers. Data were gathered from a questionnaire filled out by 225 teachers from bilingual secondary schools in Andalusia. The
picture that emerged from the study was not positive as the results revealed widespread unease about the scarcity of training
initiatives, increased workload, insufficient collaboration among the teachers, and a dearth of well-designed materials.
Furthermore, it transpired that little strides have been made as regards group size and students’ level of English. The
within-cohort comparison revealed that content teachers harboured a more sceptical outlook on many aspects of the programme. Thus
they require heightened attention and more opportunities for teacher-training initiatives to equip them with the skills necessary
to teach effectively in the new language scenario. These findings should be taken into consideration while making educational
decisions since all the limitations of the programme, if not addressed properly, may put the feasibility of the project in
jeopardy.
Topology optimization of swing arm for FSAE EV racing cars
Authors: Li Wei Tat , Ku Pei Xuan , Abu Bakar Noor Zafirah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The swing arm is an important mechanical part that it functions to support the weight of the vehicle and acts as a cushion when the shock absorbers are functioning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the stress and total deformation of swing arm design with different materials as well as evaluate the structural analysis of swing arm after conducting topology optimization. The research also aims to reduce the mass of the swing arm using topology optimization while meeting the minimum safety requirements. Three different swing arm designs would be created using SolidWorks. The designs would be analyzed using the structural analysis feature in the ANSYS Workbench where the parameters of this project such as stress along the swing arm, total deformation and factor of safety for each swing arm design are evaluated and compared. The chosen design would then be analyzed where steel and aluminium are selected as the material for the swing arm using ANSYS. The finalized swing arm would then undergo topology optimization where the reduction of mass of swing arm would occur. The optimized swing arm would be analyzed and the parameters obtained would be evaluated and compared with the unoptimized swing arm. The expected outcomes are the aluminium swing arm would present a lower distribution of stress along the body of swing arm, but higher total deformation compared to the steel swing arm. It is also expected that the distribution of stress and total deformation on swing arm would be higher after conducting topology optimization due to more force acting on the reduced or optimized surface area of the swing arm. Moreover, the factor of safety for optimized swing arm is expected to decrease following the reduction in mass of the swing arm. Hence, the research is focused on the analyzing of difference in data collected for swing arm as well as reducing the mass of the swing arm while meeting the minimum factor of safety.
Dynamic Neurological Insights: Real-Time Stress Analysis Utilizing Portable EEG Kits
Authors: K Saranya , N M Gokila 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Clinical Electroencephalogram(EEG) devices are effective in hospitals, but for everyday monitoring, portable options are more accessible and convenient, albeit less accurate. In this research, the working of three portable devices -Neurosky MindWave Mobile 2, Muse 2 headband and Emotiv Insight that have different channels 1,4,5 respectively are explored. They are used to understand students’ state of stress in two different scenarios-listening to online lecture videos (Scenario 1) and live lecture classes in their classrooms (Scenario 2). Twelve Engineering college students participated in the experiment and were asked to watch 10 video lectures from Coursera each video is 4 to 8-minute duration and their EEG data was collected with all the three devices. The same participants were engaged in EEG data collection during their live lecture classes for one hour. A questionnaire consisting of a Likert scale like Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was prepared to assess the levels of arousal and valence experienced by the participants. The collected EEG signals from both scenarios are tested with the pre-trained model (Artificial neural network (ANN )model trained using DEAP (A dataset for emotion analysis using EEG, physiological and video signals dataset) and the results of real-time data are analysed. In Scenario 1 which is short duration, EEG recordings showed an accuracy of 55% in Neurosky and 63% in Muse and 76% in Emotiv Insight and in Scenario 2 which is long duration EEG recordings showed an accuracy of 47% in Neurosky and 60% in the muse and 67% in Emotiv Insight. Emotiv shows high accuracy, but Muse proves more comfortable for extended use due to its consistent accuracy in both scenarios.
A CFD Study to Improve the Cell Separating Efficiency of an Inertial Spiral Microfluidic Channel with Expansion Chambers
Authors: Jenkin Adriel Wong , Yen Myan Felicia Wong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Separating circulating tumour cells (CTC) from other cells are important because they function as biomarkers to assess cancer stage and provide targeted treatment for cancer patients. Existing separation methods are time consuming and provide low efficacy and throughput. Spiral microfluidic devices aid to counter this with its high throughput and continuous separation. In this paper, cell separating efficiency is the main key measure to assess the performance of the microfluidic channel geometries. Expansion chambers are implemented to a conventional spiral microfluidic channel with different geometry to improve the cell separating efficiency through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 with the Laminar Flow and Particle Tracing physics model where the spiral microfluidic channel models are modelled using SolidWorks. Mesh independence study was conducted where the average element quality of tetrahedral mesh exceeds 0.7, indicating that the 1 mm element size is effective for discretizing the computational domain. The implementation of expansion chambers significantly improved the cell separating efficiency to 100% where all CTCs are separated into the targeted outlet and reduced cell separation process time by 37.78% to 0.448 seconds. This is possible with the bow tie geometry which has 2 sharp tips from the 45° undercut features that increases the velocity and vorticity of the fluid in that region.
Selected modern materials in transport construction
Authors: Lapašová L , Ďugel D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The large variety of existing modern composite materials and products on the construction market provides a number of possibilities for their use. However, at the same time the world is facing many challenges due to the daily deterioration of the environment and the depletion of non-renewable resources. New technologies and materials are being sought to combat these issues. As one of possible solutions is the innovative use of polymers in transport construction. This paper focuses on the investigation of the material properties of two different materials (hybrid composite and foam concrete). The main idea of the research is the development of new composite materials with higher strength and durability compared to traditional types of materials used on construction site.
Assessing environmental degradation and restoration: A case study of the Penjom Mine in Malaysia
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Zahidi Izni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In Malaysia, where mining safety is paramount, regular mining activities have led to significant environmental pollution despite major accidents being rare. Particularly in the states of Pahang and Kelantan, numerous mines employ open-pit or underground methods for ore extraction. These mining practices, coupled with the discharge of solid waste, inflict environmental harm, lead to land occupation, diminish vegetation cover, and impede plant growth. This study addresses the gap in understanding the extent of environmental degradation and the effectiveness of reclamation efforts in mining areas by utilizing remote sensing indicators. Specifically, it focuses on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) to assess the environmental impact at the Penjom Mine in Pahang from 2009 to 2021. The findings reveal that between 2009 and 2015, the expansion of Penjom Mine reduced vegetation cover and hindered plant growth. However, substantial environmental restoration and land reclamation efforts post-2015 have led to improved vegetation cover and recovery of plant growth by 2021. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and effective environmental management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of mining and promote ecological restoration.
InSAR coherence based temporal changes detection and mapping of tropical forest and plantations in Northern Borneo
Authors: Suab Stanley Anak , Korom Alexius , Kemarau Ricky Anak , Mojiol Andy Russel , Avtar Ram 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The TanDEM-X InSAR coherence data is cloud-free and not affected by temporal decorrelation. It also provides excellent interferometric data on the canopy, which is helpful for direct detection and mapping of the temporal changes in tropical forests and plantations. In this paper, three InSAR scenes were acquired for 2012, 2017, and 2019, all in single HH polarization and in bistatic mode covering northern Sabah. Generated coherence data was compared in pairwise of before and after scenarios using raster changes analysis. GIS analysis and temporal changes information extraction were done using the digitized forests and plantations land use boundaries. Results show Oil palm is mostly unchanged, and Industrial Tree Plantation (ITP) decreased by 27% between 2021-2017 and 17% between 2012-2019 due to ongoing timber harvesting. Meanwhile, Forest Reserve (FR) showed an increase of 14% between 2012-2017. The study demonstrated the potential of using TanDEM-X InSAR coherence for direct, quick, and simple tropical forest and plantation changes and mapping.
Enhancing flood detection and estimation in Johor, Malaysia, during December 2014: Leveraging the power of google earth engine and microwave sensors
Authors: Sheikh Saeed , Aliaa Roslan Siti Nur , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Floods in Malaysia provide a significant hazard, affecting approximately 22% of the population and endangering vast regions, particularly Johor, which contains the largest number of river basins prone to flooding. This study employs the functionalities of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology to improve the identification and assessment of floods in all 189 river basins across the country. These river basins encompass an area of around 29,800 km2 that is susceptible to flooding. By incorporating these cutting-edge technologies, we tackle major obstacles presented by conventional flood monitoring systems, such as delayed data transmission, restricted geographical scope, and disruption caused by cloud cover, which frequently impede efficient flood control. Our approach utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for processing data in real-time and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for its ability to perform well in areas with frequent cloud cover. This combination allows us to achieve extensive coverage and enhanced accuracy. The results indicate that combining Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of flood monitoring. Stakeholders should incorporate these technologies into current disaster management frameworks to strengthen flood response tactics. This will provide decision-makers with accurate and practical flood data. Adopting a proactive strategy is crucial in enhancing disaster preparedness and reducing the significant consequences of floods in Malaysia.
Land suitability evaluation using selected environmental physical parameters for coffee plant productivity in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Widyatmanti W , Anugerah F , Silalahi A V , Damayanti F , Firmansyah A J , Nugroho K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coffee is a prominent commodity in Indonesia, and its price fluctuations depend on quality influenced by the physical conditions of the growing environment. The study area was chosen to enhance the productivity of the Toraja coffee industry, known for its export-grade coffee. This study aims to identify and examine the characteristics of environmental physical parameters and coffee productivity to provide land improvement recommendations for low coffee productivity areas. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the connection between elevation, slope, and soil texture with coffee productivity. Elevation and slope data were acquired from SRTM DEM images. Soil texture data were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture’s land system. Coffee productivity data were collected through field surveys and questionnaires using digital applications. Results indicated that elevation had varying relationships for each land suitability class (S1, S2, and S3). The coefficients of determination, 0.17, -0.51, and 0.49, respectively, showed different levels of association, with class S3 demonstrating a stronger relationship. Slope in class S2 exhibited a strong correlation with coffee productivity. Meanwhile, soil texture parameters had a limited impact, with the highest productivity occurring in class S3. In conclusion, the most influential environmental parameters on productivity, in sequence, were slope, soil texture, and elevation.
A temporal post-occupancy risks management model for high-rise strata via 3D city modelling approach
Authors: Mehmood U , Ujang U , Azri S , Choon T L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As urban populations grow and space becomes scarcer and more expensive, the demand for housing increases, leading to the proliferation of high-rise residential structures. These buildings offer developers a means to accommodate more units and optimise land use. Nonetheless, high-rises come with a range of hazards, both natural and artificial, that pose risks to residents and developers as well. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework to manage post-occupancy hazards in high-rise residential strata under management corporations using a 3D city model approach. Examples of hazards this research will consider pertinent to high-rise buildings include child safety, fire hazards, water seepage hazards, and electrical failure potential, among others. The model consists of two phases of management: pre-hazard management and post-hazard management. Pre-hazard will focus on risk assessment to avoid actual hazards through measures such as fire drills and training, regular maintenance, and programmed routine assessments, among others. Post-hazard will focus on response actions, including response time expectation, evacuation strategy, and communication with residents and stakeholders. The 3D city model is uniquely beneficial in offering urban spatial dynamics and an imaginative view of possible vulnerabilities to established hazards. The findings of this research will support developers, building managers, and the policy community in understanding various hazards and responding effectively to high-rise spaces’ occupational hazards in the increasing urbanisation era.
Environmental Significance of Microbe-Clay Interaction: A Mini-Review
Authors: Oziegbe O. , Oziegbe E. J. , Ahuekwe E. F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The interaction between microbes and clay plays an important role in the cycling of elements and the elimination of contaminants from the environment. Microbial activity has reduced structural iron (Fe) in clay minerals, which is an important mechanism in soil pollution bioremediation. Also, clay-based materials have been employed in the microbial load reduction of bacteria-laden water by exploiting microbe-clay interactions. Reduction of smectites by microorganisms has been reported to be notable and significant in the contaminant remediation processes. However, the type of contamination, properties of clays involved, and associated microorganisms have had a remarkable influence on one another. The bacterium Shewanella has been found to be effective in bioreduction processes, while the fungus Aspergillus niger has proven very effective in biobeneficiation of clay, with reports of efficient elimination of dangerous elements in water. This review discusses activities of microorganisms on clays comprising bioreduction, bioremediation, biobeneficiation, and biodegradation and highlights certain current challenges and future perspectives in microbe-clay interactions. In conclusion, an understanding of the dynamics of this interaction, can help improve the design and manufacture of purification materials for domestic and industrial use.