bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numbers, neighbors, and hungry predators: What makes chemically defended aposematic prey susceptible to predation?
Authors: Kaczmarek Jan M. , Kaczmarski Mikołaj , Mazurkiewicz Jan , Kloskowski Janusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany chemically defended aposematic species are characterized by relatively low toxin levels, which enables predators to include them in their diets under certain circumstances. Knowledge of the conditions governing the survival of such prey animals—especially in the context of the co‐occurrence of similar but undefended prey, which may result in mimicry‐like interactions—is crucial for understanding the initial evolution of aposematism. In a one‐month outdoor experiment using fish (the common carp Cyprinus carpio) as predators, we examined the survival of moderately defended aposematic tadpole prey (the European common toad Bufo bufo) with varying absolute densities in single‐species prey systems or varying relative densities in two‐species prey systems containing morphologically similar but undefended prey (the European common frog Rana temporaria). The density effects were investigated in conjunction with the hunger levels of the predator, which were manipulated by means of the addition of alternative (nontadpole) food. The survival of the B. bufo tadpoles was promoted by increasing their absolute density in the single‐species prey systems, increasing their relative density in the two‐species prey systems, and providing ample alternative food for the predator. Hungry predators eliminated all R. temporaria individuals regardless of their proportion in the prey community; in treatments with ample alternative food, high relative B. bufo density supported R. temporaria survival. The results demonstrated that moderately defended prey did benefit from high population densities (both absolute and relative), even under long‐term predation pressure. However, the physiological state of the predator was a crucial factor in the survival of moderately defended prey. While the availability of alternative prey in general should promote the spread and maintenance of aposematism, the results indicated that the resemblance between the co‐occurring defended and undefended prey may impose mortality costs on the defended model species, even in the absence of actual mimicry.
Locomotor responses to salt stress in native and invasive mud‐tidal gastropod populations (Batillaria)
Authors: Ho Phuong‐Thao , Nguyen Hoa Quynh , Kern Elizabeth M. A. , Won Yong‐Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasticity in salt tolerance can be crucial for successful biological invasions of novel habitats by marine gastropods. The intertidal snailBatillaria attramentaria, which is native to East Asia but invaded the western shores of North America from Japan 80 years ago, provides an opportunity to examine how environmental salinity may shape behavioral and morphological traits. In this study, we compared the movement distance of fourB. attramentariapopulations from native (Korea and Japan) and introduced (United States) habitats under various salinity levels (13, 23, 33, and 43 PSU) during 30 days of exposure in the lab. We sequenced a partial mitochondrialCO1gene to infer phylogenetic relationships among populations and confirmed two divergent mitochondrial lineages constituting our sample sets. Using a statistical model‐selection approach, we investigated the effects of geographic distribution and genetic composition on locomotor performance in response to salt stress. Snails exposed to acute low salinity (13 PSU) reduced their locomotion and were unable to perform at their normal level (the moving pace of snails exposed to 33 PSU). We did not detect any meaningful differences in locomotor response to salt stress between the two genetic lineages or between the native snails (Japan vs. Korea populations), but we found significant locomotor differences between the native and introduced groups (Japan or Korea vs. the United States). We suggest that the greater magnitude of tidal salinity fluctuation at the US location may have influenced locomotor responses to salt stress in introduced snails.
Transient Versus Two‐Dimensional Shear‐Wave Elastography in a Multistep Strategy to Detect Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Cassinotto Christophe , Boursier Jérome , Paisant Anita , Guiu Boris , Irles‐Depe Marie , Canivet Clémence , Aube Christophe , de Ledinghen Victor 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
The combination of laboratory and elastography tests allows the accurate diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. In this study, we compared the diagnostic performances of a two‐step strategy (laboratory tests and vibration‐controlled transient elastography [VCTE] or two‐dimensional shear‐wave elastography with SuperSonic Imagine [2D‐SWE‐SSI]) and the added value of a three‐step strategy (laboratory tests and two elastography methods).

Approach and Results
From a prospective registry, we retrospectively selected 577 consecutive patients with suspicion of NAFLD who underwent laboratory tests to calculate the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) score, liver stiffness evaluation by VCTE (M and XL probes) and 2D‐SWE‐SSI, and liver biopsy. The diagnostic performances and need for liver biopsy in unclassified patients for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) in multistep strategies were compared. The area under the curve of FIB‐4, VCTE, and 2D‐SWE‐SSI was 0.74, 0.82, and 0.88, respectively. Using the same thresholds, the FIB‐4/2D‐SWE‐SSI and FIB‐4/VCTE diagnostic performances were comparable (sensitivity, 71.4% and 66%; specificity, 91.4% and 91.5%; and accuracy, 83.7% and 81.4%; all P = not significant). Conversely, more patients required liver biopsy after 2D‐SWE‐SSI (24.6% versus 15.3%, P < 0.001). Performing a second elastography technique in patients with unreliable or gray zone (between 8 and 10 kPa) results greatly decreased the need for liver biopsy (42/577, 7.3%). The diagnostic performances (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) of FIB‐4/2D‐SWE‐SSI/VCTE and FIB‐4/VCTE/2D‐SWE‐SSI were comparable (81.1%, 71.5%, and 87.9% versus 81.3%, 69.7%, and 89.5%, respectively; all P = not significant).

Conclusions
Using the same cutoff values, 2D‐SWE‐SSI is as accurate as VCTE for advanced liver fibrosis diagnosis in NAFLD. The three‐step strategy in selected patients strongly decreased the need for liver biopsy while maintaining excellent accuracy.
Adhesion barriers in laparoscopic myomectomy: Evidence from randomized clinical trials
Authors: Borghese Giulia , Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Saccone Gabriele , Travaglino Antonio , Degli Esposti Eugenia , Mastronardi Manuela , Salucci Paolo , Zullo Fulvio , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of different adhesion barriers in the prevention of de novo adhesion development after laparoscopic myomectomy.MethodsA systematic review was performed by searching seven electronic databases for all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the use of any absorbable adhesion barrier (i.e. intervention group) with either no treatment or placebo (i.e. control group) in the prevention of adhesion development after laparoscopic myomectomy.ResultsEight RCTs with a total of 748 participants (392 in the intervention group and 356 in the control group) were included. The assessed adhesion barrier methods were: oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) in two studies, auto‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel in two studies, 4% icodextrin solution in one study, modified HA and carboxy‐methylcellulose in one study, polyethylene glycol ester trilysine amine solution plus a borate buffer solution in one study, and polyethylene glycol amine plus dextran aldehyde polymers in another study.ConclusionAdhesion barrier methods showing the most promising results were: ORC, auto‐crosslinked HA gel, and polyethylene glycol amine plus dextran aldehyde polymers.
Quaternary complex Hadamard matrices of order 18
Authors: Östergård Patric R. J. , Paavola William T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA technique for classifying Butson‐type Hadamard matrices over the complex 4th roots of unity is developed. The technique resembles the approach used by Kharaghani and Tayfeh‐Rezaie in their classification of the (real) Hadamard matrices, where the search is split into parts according to matrix types. A classification of the Butson‐type Hadamard matrices over the complex 4th roots of unity is carried out; the number of such objects up to Hadamard equivalence is 1 955 625.
Overall survival with oral selinexor plus low‐dose dexamethasone versus real‐world therapy in triple‐class‐refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Jagannath Sundar , Chari Ajai , Vogl Dan T. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Moreau Philippe , Dingli David , Wei Lee‐Jen , Richter Joshua , Biran Noa , Siegel David , Reichmann William , Li Lingling , Tang Shijie , Saint‐Martin Jean‐Richard , Joshi Anita , Kauffman Michael , Shah Jatin , Shacham Sharon , Lonial Sagar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTriple‐class‐refractory multiple myeloma (MM) describes MM refractory to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies. In the Phase IIb STORM study (NCT02336815), oral selinexor plus low‐dose dexamethasone (Sel‐dex) demonstrated a 26.2% overall response rate in triple‐class‐refractory MM. Here, we compare overall survival (OS) of 122 patients with triple‐class‐refractory MM who received Sel‐dex in STORM Part 2 with that of 64 similar patients treated with other available therapies in a Flatiron Health Analytic Database (FHAD) cohort. OS from the date that the patients’ MM became triple‐class‐refractory was longer in STORM versus FHAD, with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.43 (P = .0002; adjusted HR 0.35 [P = .011]). In a subset analysis of highly resistant patients receiving further therapies after their MM first became at least triple‐class‐refractory (i.e., who received Sel‐dex in STORM,n = 64, and non‐Sel‐dex in FHAD,n = 36), the OS was significantly longer in STORM with an unadjusted HR of 0.52 (P = .0331; adjusted HR 0.33 [P = .041]). Within the limits of this analysis, the OS of patients with at least triple‐class‐refractory MM was significantly better with Sel‐dex versus available therapies, suggesting that Sel‐dex may be associated with a meaningful OS benefit in these patients.
Medical and cytotoxicity effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Achillea millefolium extract on MOLT‐4 lymphoblastic leukemia cell line
Authors: Karimi Sorour , Mahdavi Shahri Mahnaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGreen chemistry, which aims at the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles, is a relatively new emerging field of nanotechnology, which has economic and environment‐friendly benefits over chemical and physical processes. The present work was carried out to develop silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) using the plant (Achillea millefolium or yarrow) aqueous extract as both a reducing and capping agent under the green synthesis method. Characterization of synthesized Ag‐NPs was done using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis). The UV–vis spectrum showed the maximum absorbance at around 440–470 nm, which suggested the formation of green synthesized Ag‐NPs. The morphological study demonstrated that the Ag‐NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 22.4 ± 7.4 nm. The antimicrobial activities of Ag‐NPs against Fusarium and Aspergillus niger species of fungal and Escherichia coli species of bacteria were investigated through the disc diffusion and well‐diffusion method using their zone of inhibition. The cytotoxicity effect of Ag‐NPs on cell lines MOLT‐4 was evaluated by using MTT assay. These nanoparticles showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against bacterias and fungus in low concentration. The cytotoxicity studies showed that IC50 of green synthesized Ag‐NPs was 0.011 µm in comparison to 1.8 for Cisplatin which more active than anticancer drug for MOLT‐4 cell line. The results showed that the green synthesized Ag‐NPs are expected to have notable applications and can be potentially useful in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Revisiting the relationship between Indo‐Pacific heat content and South China Sea summer monsoon onset during 1980–2020
Authors: Feng Junqiao , Wang Fujun , Yu Lejiang , Wang Qingye , Hu Dunxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationship of the tropical Indo‐Pacific upper ocean heat content (HC) and the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset during 1980–2020 was investigated. It was found that when HC anomalies in the preceding winter–spring are positive (negative) in the eastern Indian–western Pacific Ocean or negative (positive) in the southwestern Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean, SCSSM onset is usually early (late). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis suggested that the primary EOF modes of HC anomaly in both tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is through modulating the westerly over the north Indian Ocean–SCS and the western north Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) via the Walker circulation over the Indo‐Pacific basin, monsoon circulation in the Indian Ocean that the ENSO related Indo‐Pacific HC variation connects with the SCSSM onset. Both the second EOF modes for the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean also show significant correlations with the SCSSM onset. The former related vertical motion over the SCS–far northwestern Pacific can influence the WNPSH and convection, thus occurrence of the SCSSM. The latter represents the intrinsic Indian Ocean HC variability; the air temperature variation associated with it can modulate the atmospheric circulation in the Indian Ocean–SCS through thermal wind balance, and thus the SCSSM onset by acting on the westerly over the SCS and the WNPSH. A western Pacific index and an Indian Ocean dipole index were defined to represent the leading HC modes in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean, respectively. A binary linear regression model was constructed using these two indices to improve SCSSM onset prediction.
Preconditioning improves muscle regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang He , Liu Mengyao , Kim Hubert T. , Feeley Brian T. , Liu Xuhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIschemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical condition associated with serious clinical manifestations. Extensive research has focused on the strategies increasing organ tolerance to IRI. Preconditioning (PC) has been shown to provide protection to various organs toward IRI. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PC on muscle regeneration after IRI and the potential underlying mechanisms. Three‐month‐old male UCP‐1 reporter mice underwent unilateral hindlimb IRI with or without PC, the tissue viability and injury index were measured at 24 h after IRI. Hindlimb gait, muscle contractility, muscle histology were analyzed at 2 weeks after IRI. In another group of animals, β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonist amibegron and β3AR antagonist SR‐59230A were administrated before PC/IRI, the hindlimb function and muscle regeneration were evaluated at 2 weeks after IRI. Our results showed that PC has little effect on improving the tissue viability at the acute phase of IRI, but it showed a long‐term beneficial role of improving hindlimb function and muscle regeneration as evidenced by increased central nuclei regenerating myofibers. The effects of PC are related to inducing muscle fibro–adipogenic progenitor (FAP) brown/beige‐like adipocyte (BAT) differentiation. Amibegron treatment displayed a similar role of PC while SR‐59230A abolished the effect of PC. This study suggests PC has a beneficial role in promoting muscle regeneration after IRI through β3AR signaling pathway‐stimulated FAP–BAT differentiation.
Trends and Novel Research in Hospital Nutrition Care: A Narrative Review of Leading Clinical Nutrition Journals
Authors: Keller Heather H. , Laur Celia , Dhaliwal Rupinder , Allard Johane P. , Clermont‐Dejean Nayima , Duerksen Donald R. , Elias Evan , Gramlich Leah , Lakananurak Narisorn , Laporte Manon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHospital malnutrition is a longstanding problem that continues to be underrecognized and undertreated. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize novel, solution‐focused, recent research or commentary to update providers on the prevention of iatrogenic malnutrition as well as the detection and treatment of hospital malnutrition. A narrative review was completed using the top 11 clinically relevant nutrition journals. Of the 13,850 articles and editorials published in these journals between 2013 and 2019, 511 were related to hospital malnutrition. A duplicate review was used to select (n = 108) and extract key findings from articles and editorials. Key criteria for selection were population of interest (adult hospital patients, no specific diagnostic group), solution‐focused, and novel perspectives. Articles were categorized (6 classified in >1 category) as Screening and Assessment (n = 17), Standard (n = 25), Advanced (n = 12) and Specialized Nutrition Care (n = 8), Transitions (n = 15), Multicomponent (n = 21), Education and Empowerment (n = 9), Economic Impact (n = 3), and Guidelines (n = 4) for summarizing. Research advances in screening implementation, standard nutrition care, transitions, and multicomponent interventions provide new strategies to consider for malnutrition prevention (iatrogenic), detection, and care. However, several areas requiring further research were identified. Specifically, larger and more rigorous studies that examine health outcomes and economic analyses are urgently needed.
Structural and Raman study of the thermoelectric solid solution Sr1.9La0.1Nb2O7
Authors: Ojeda‐Galván Hiram Joazet , Rodríguez‐Aranda Ma. del Carmen , Rodríguez Ángel Gabriel , Alanis Javier , Íñiguez Jorge , Mendoza María Eugenia , Navarro‐Contreras Hugo Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCeramic powder samples of the perovskite‐slab‐layered polycrystalline Sr1.9La0.1Nb2O7 (SLNO1) thermoelectric solid solution were prepared via solid‐state reaction. The Raman effect was studied as a function of temperature between 27°C and 400°C (at ambient pressure) and pressures up to 11.6 GPa (at room temperature). The atomic disorder introduced by the La atoms produced phonon lines that were broader than those of Sr2Nb2O7 (SNO). We detected a temperature‐induced phase transition at Ti−c = 247 ± 5°C (ambient pressure) and a pressure‐induced phase transition at Pi−c = 6.74 ± 0.25 GPa (room temperature), which correspond to the reported SNO incommensurate‐to‐commensurate phase transitions at 215°C (atmospheric pressure) and Pi−c = 6.54 ± 0.25 GPa (27°C), respectively. In this paper, the phenomenological and structural differences between SNO and SLNO1 are discussed based on density functional theory calculations of Sr2−xLaxNb2O7 (x = 0.0625 and 0.125) supercells.
Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) score has the major impact on outcome prediction in elderly surgical patients with colorectal cancer: The FRAGIS study
Authors: Pata Giacomo , Bianchetti Luca , Rota Matteo , Marengoni Alessandra , Chiesa Deborah , Cassinotti Elisa , Palmisano Silvia , Colombi Marta , Del Zotto Giulio , Romanelli Giuseppe , Calza Stefano , Boni Luigi , De Manzini Nicolò , Fumagalli Romario Uberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims (I) to evaluate whether the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) score is associated with postoperative outcomes and (II) to develop a prognostic model for individual complication‐risk prediction following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.MethodThis is a prospective multicentric cohort study. Consecutive ≥75‐year‐old candidates for elective CRC surgery were enrolled from October 2017 to August 2019. Patients underwent standardized preoperative geriatric assessment including the MPI. Patients with MPI score > 0.33 were classified as frail. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate variables associated with major postoperative complications and mortality, using 10‐fold cross‐validated LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) for model selection.ResultsIn all, 104 patients were included, 34 (33%) had MPI score > 0.33. Major postoperative complications occurred in 52% of frail versus 16% of fit (MPI score ≤ 0.33) patients (p < .01). Both 30‐day (9% vs. 0%;p = .033) and 90‐day mortality (18% vs. 1%;p < .01) were higher among frail patients. In multivariate analysis, MPI score was associated with adverse outcomes. A final postoperative complication predictive model was created, including MPI score, gait‐speed test, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) score, surgical approach, and stoma creation.ConclusionMPI score is strongly associated with postoperative major complications in CRC elderly patients and it is a primary component of an individual prediction model.
New Consideration of Herlyn‐Werner‐Wunderlich Syndrome Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Authors: Liu Meijuan , Zhang Li , Xia Yu , Huang Xuepei , Ye Tiantian , Zhang Yixiu , Qi Zhenhong , Wang Liang , Lai Xingjian , Dai Qing , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesAs a rare malformation of the female reproductive system, Herlyn‐Werner‐Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) was categorized into 3 classifications. It was recommended recently that, on the basis of the past classification, cervicovaginal atresia without communicating uteri should be newly added as classification 4. The surgical intervention will differ by type. To better optimize patient counseling as well as the preoperative evaluation and planning, our objective was to describe the ultrasound characteristics of each type of HWWS, including the new type.MethodsFrom January 1995 to November 2015, 37 cases of HWWS in with complete ultrasound information confirmed by surgery in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed their ultrasound features, including hematometra, hematocervix, hematocolpos, and an ovarian chocolate cyst.ResultsAll of the ultrasound images of the 37 patients showed uterus didelphys with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Compared with the other 3 types, classification 4 showed distinctive ultrasound characteristics. Most cases of classification 4 showed hematometra (5 of 7 [71.4%]) and an ipsilateral ovarian chocolate cyst (6 of 7 [85.7%]), which was significantly higher than in the other 3. A rudimentary uterine horn was also a distinctive characteristic in this type. Meanwhile none of the classification 4 cases showed hematocervix or hydrocolpos, which were common signs of the other 3.ConclusionsAccording to this new classification criteria for HWWS, ultrasound characteristics of the new classification 4 differ from the others. As classification 4 was suggested to have a different surgical option, we should pay attention to its ultrasound characteristics, which might help in providing more information about the treatment and prognosis to the gynecologist.
Formononetin exhibits anticancer activity in gastric carcinoma cell and regulatingmiR‐542‐5p
Authors: Wang Wei‐Song , Zhao Can‐Song 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFormononetin exhibits anti‐neoplastic activities in specific types of cancers, such as colon carcinoma and breast cancer. Nevertheless, its role in suppressing gastric carcinoma (GC) growth and metastatic‐associated phenotypes has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that formononetin decreased the viability of GC cell line SGC‐7901 and MGC‐803. Furthermore, formononetin suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells. Consistent with the results in vitro, the anticancer effect of formononetin was verified using xenograft model. The expression of microRNA‐542‐5p (miR‐542‐5p), acted as an oncogene in many cancers, was identified to be upregulated in GC. Importantly, miR‐542‐5p might involve in formononetin exhibits anticancer activity in GC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that formononetin inhibits the growth and aggressiveness of GC cells in vitro and in vivo.