bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral autoregulation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. A preliminary study comparing dexmedetomidine to propofol and/or midazolam
Authors: Kallioinen Minna , Posti Jussi P. , Rahi Melissa , Sharma Deepak , Katila Ari , Grönlund Juha , Vahlberg Tero , Frantzén Janek , Olkkola Klaus T. , Saari Teijo I. , Takala Riikka 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCerebral autoregulation is often impaired after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Dexmedetomidine is being increasingly used, but its effects on cerebral autoregulation in patients with aSAH have not been studied before. Dexmedetomidine could be a useful sedative in patients with aSAH as it enables neurological assessment during the infusion. The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine on dynamic and static cerebral autoregulation with propofol and/or midazolam in patients with aSAH.MethodsTen patients were recruited. Dynamic and static cerebral autoregulation were assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during propofol and/or midazolam infusion and then during three increasing doses of dexmedetomidine infusion (0.7, 1.0 and 1.4 μg/kg/h). Transient hyperaemic response ratio (THRR) and strength of autoregulation (SA) were calculated to assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation. Static rate of autoregulation (sRoR)% was calculated by using noradrenaline infusion to increase the mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg above the baseline.ResultsData from nine patients were analysed. Compared to baseline, we found no statistically significant changes in THRR or sROR%. THRR was (mean ± SD) 1.20 ± 0.14, 1.17 ± 0.13 (P = .93), 1.14 ± 0.09 (P = .72) and 1.19 ± 0.18 (P = 1.0) and sROR% was 150.89 ± 84.37, 75.22 ± 27.75 (P = .08), 128.25 ± 58.35 (P = .84) and 104.82 ± 36.92 (P = .42) at baseline and during 0.7, 1.0 and 1.4 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine infusion, respectively. Dynamic SA was significantly reduced after 1.0 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine (P = .02).ConclusionsCompared to propofol and/or midazolam, dexmedetomidine did not alter static cerebral autoregulation in aSAH patients, whereas a significant change was observed in dynamic SA. Further and larger studies with dexmedetomidine in aSAH patients are warranted.
The association between guideline‐based exercise thresholds and low testosterone among men in the United States
Authors: Fantus Richard J. , Chang Cecilia , Hehemann Marah C. , Bennett Nelson E. , Brannigan Robert E. , Helfand Brian T. , Halpern Joshua A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercise and weight loss have been shown to improve serum testosterone (T) in obese individuals. However, the association between low T levels and guideline‐based exercise thresholds has not been determined.ObjectiveUsing the recently updated Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (PAGAC) recommendations, we sought to investigate the relationship between recommended activity levels and the prevalence of low T levels.Materials and MethodsThe2011‐2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to identify men ages 18 to 80 years who answered the physical activity questionnaire and underwent serum T testing. Men were categorized based on PAGAC activity level: less than recommended, recommended and greater than recommended. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association between low T (<300 ng/dL) and activity level across body mass index (BMI) categories while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf the 7372 men who met the inclusion criteria, the majority (4372, 59.3%) exceeded the recommended amount of activity, whereas only 2326 (31.6%) exercised less than the recommended amount. On multivariable analysis, obese men whose activity exceeded the recommended amount were less likely to have low T (OR 0.523, 95% CI 0.409‐0.669, P < .001) compared with men who did not meet the recommended activity level.Discussion and ConclusionsUsing a large, nationally representative cohort, we demonstrated that obese men whose activity exceeded PAGAC recommendations had a decreased likelihood of having low T levels. Given the numerous benefits of exercise, these data provide a basis for counseling obese patients regarding the association between exercise and decreased prevalence of low T.
The role of resistin on metabolic syndrome‐induced erectile dysfunction and the possible therapeutic effect of Boldine
Authors: Kara Erkan , Kahraman Erkan , Dayar Ezgi , Yetik Anacak Gunay , Demir Omer , Gidener Sedef , Atabey Nese , Durmus Nergiz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundResistin is known as a potential mediator of obesity‐associated insulin resistance. The high resistin level disrupts nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated relaxation which is also important in erectile function. An antioxidant alkaloid, Boldine, is known as anti‐diabetic and protects endothelial functions.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate resistin expression in penile tissue in the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and the effect of Boldine treatment on erectile functions in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model.Materials and methodsWistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, MetS, and boldine treated MetS group. MetS parameters were assessed by serum triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), glucose, insulin levels, HOMA index, and waist circumference (WC)/tibia length (TL) ratio. To evaluate erectile functions, intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was performed during cavernous nerve stimulation. Protein expressions of resistin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p(S1177) eNOS, and insulin receptor‐β were evaluated by Western blotting.ResultsTG, glucose, insulin levels, weight, WC/TL ratio, HOMA index and resistin expression in penile tissue were significantly increased and ICP/MAP values, and p (S1177) eNOS expression in penile tissue were decreased in MetS group. Boldine treatment enhanced ICP/MAP values, insulin receptor‐β and p(S1177) eNOS expressions compared with the MetS group.Discussion and ConclusionMetS caused a deterioration in erectile function accompanied by an increase in resistin expression and a reduction in eNOS enzyme activation in the rat penile tissues. Boldine treatment resulted in an improvement in erectile function, independent of resistin expression.
Pantoprazole, a proton‐pump inhibitor, impairs human sperm motility and capacitation in vitro
Authors: Escoffier Jessica , Arnaud Bastien , Kaba Mayis , Hograindleur Jean Pascal , Le Blévec Emilie , Martinez Guillaume , Stévant Isabelle , Ray Pierre F. , Arnoult Christophe , Nef Serge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of PPIs on human sperm fertilizing capacity were poorly investigated although these drugs are widely over‐used. Two publications retrospectively studied relationships between any PPI intake and sperm parameters from patients consulting at infertility clinics, but the conclusions of these reports were contradictory. Only two reports investigated the effects of lansoprazole and omeprazole on sperm motility and found lansoprazole to be deleterious and omeprazole to be neutral for sperm motility. The inconsistency of the PPI effect in the previous reports emphasizes the need for more basic research on human spermatozoa, taking into account the hypothesis that the different PPI drugs may have different effects on sperm physiology.ObjectivesDo PPIs, which are among the most widely sold drug in the word, impact negatively human sperm capacitation and sperm motility?Materials and methodsThe effects of PPIs on human sperm maturation and motility were analyzed by CASA, flow cytometry, and Western blot.ResultsWe tested the impact of 6 different PPIs on human sperm motility and capacitation. We showed that pantoprazole, but not the other PPIs, decreased sperm progressive motility and capacitation‐induced sperm hyperactivation. We therefore investigated further the effects of pantoprazole on sperm capacitation, and we observed that it had a significant deleterious effect on the capacitation‐induced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential and capacitation‐associated protein phosphorylation.Discussion and ConclusionOur results indicate that exposure to pantoprazole has an adverse effect on the physiological competence of human spermatozoa. As the capacitation process takes place within the female tract, our results suggest that PPIs intake by the female partner may impair in vivo sperm maturation and possibly fertilization. Moreover, the absence of adverse effect by PPIs on mouse sperm emphasizes the need to develop reprotox assays using human material to better assess the effects of medication intake on sperm physiology.
Effects of livestock grazing on plant species diversity vary along a climatic gradient in northeastern Iran
Authors: Rahmanian Soroor , Hejda Martin , Ejtehadi Hamid , Farzam Mohammad , Pyšek Petr , Memariani Farshid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestions(a) Do patterns of species diversity and composition differ between plots exposed to high vs. low grazing intensity? (b) Do these differences vary among three regions with different climates, representing a gradient from arid to sub‐humid conditions?LocationNortheastern Iran.MethodsWe compared plots intensively grazed by sheep and goat (HG) to plots with low grazing intensity (LG), across three climatic regions: arid, semi‐arid and sub‐humid. Species diversity (expressed as Shannon H) was compared using linear mixed‐effect models. Dissimilarity analysis was used to estimate the compositional heterogeneity of different types of plots, reflecting the differences in species composition. Indicator Species Analysis was used to identify individual species associated with particular types of plots.ResultsThe HG plots had lower values of Shannon H than LG plots, across all climatic regions. Further, the effect of grazing on species diversity varied between the climatic regions, with the most pronounced differences between the HG and LG plots in the sub‐humid region. Although no differences in species diversity were detected between the three climatic regions, compositional heterogeneity was the highest in the sub‐humid region and the lowest in the semi‐arid region, with the most pronounced differences between the HG and LG plots in the sub‐humid region. Indicator Species Analysis showed significant main effects of both climate and grazing on species composition, revealing species that respond to grazing in each of the three climatic regions.ConclusionsOvergrazing was detected to reduce the diversity of species in all three climatic regions, even though its effect was most pronounced in the sub‐humid region. Therefore, the control of overgrazing or reduction of its intensity appears an effective management tool for protecting species diversity, applicable in areas with different climates.
Risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and cutaneous melanoma in older Australians using hydrochlorothiazide: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Daniels Benjamin , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Vajdic Claire M. , Pottegård Anton , Buckley Nicholas A. , Zoega Helga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent European and US studies reported increased risks of skin cancers associated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) treatment. Our study aimed to determine the risk of lip cancer and malignant melanoma among Australians prescribed HCTZ. We conducted a case‐control study nested within a population of veterans residing in New South Wales in 2004‐2015, using Australian Department of Veterans’ Affairs data linked with cancer registrations, hospitalisation and prescription dispensings. Among DVA healthcare card holders 65 years and older, we identified incident cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and of cutaneous melanoma, each matched with up to 20 controls through risk‐set sampling. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) associating HCTZ use with each cancer using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for predefined confounders. For lip cancer (45 cases), ever‐use of HCTZ yielded an OR of 2.6 (95% CI: 1.4‐5.0) and high HCTZ use (≥25 000 mg) an OR of 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6‐13.7). For cutaneous melanoma (659 cases), ever‐use of HCTZ resulted in an OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0‐1.5) and high HCTZ use in an OR of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8‐1.8). Our findings align with risk estimates from previous studies and provide further evidence that HCTZ’s photosensitising properties may promote carcinogenesis in sun‐exposed tissues.
Markedly increased prevalence of migraine headaches in adolescents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Mehrhof Sara Z. , Fiksenbaum Lisa M. , Bettridge Ariel M. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere is substantial evidence of increased prevalence of migraines, and negative psychiatric correlates of migraines, in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). Given the paucity of data on this topic in youth, we investigated the prevalence and correlates of migraine in a large sample of adolescents with BD.MethodThe study included 165 adolescents with BD‐I, ‐II, or ‐not otherwise specified (NOS), diagnosed via the KSADS‐PL semi‐structured interview, and 89 healthy controls (HCs). Non‐migraine headache and migraine headache was evaluated using the validated ID‐Migraine 3‐item screener.ResultsAlthough the prevalence of non‐migraine headaches did not differ between adolescents with BD (24.2%) and HCs (32.6%; P = .15), migraine was significantly more prevalent among adolescents with BD (38.2%) compared to HCs (3.4%; adjusted odds ratio 14.76, 95% confidence interval 4.39‐49.57; P < .001). Within BD, migraine was associated with female sex, BD‐II/‐NOS subtype, less severe worst past functioning, higher past depression severity, higher self‐reported affective lability, higher body mass index, and less use of lithium and second‐generation antipsychotics.DiscussionMigraine is much more prevalent among adolescents with BD compared to HCs; the magnitude of this association exceeds what has been reported in adult samples. Correlates of migraine in youth BD are similar to those found for adults, including the link with the depressive polarity of BD. Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate temporal associations between migraine and mood symptoms, and to evaluate neurobiological and cardiovascular underpinnings of these associations.
A marine fungus‐derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid suppresses receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand‐induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone destruction
Authors: Tan Yanhui , Deng Wende , Zhang Yueyang , Ke Minhong , Zou Binhua , Luo Xiaowei , Su Jianbin , Wang Yiyuan , Xu Jialan , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Liu Yonghong , Zhou Xuefeng , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeOsteoclasts are unique cells to absorb bone. Targeting osteoclast differentiation is a therapeutic strategy for osteolytic diseases. Natural marine products have already become important sources of new drugs. The naturally occurring nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids first identified from marine fungi in 1998 are bioactive compounds with a special structure, but their pharmacological functions are largely unknown. Here, we investigated six marine fungus‐derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids on osteoclastogenesis and elucidated the mechanisms.Experimental ApproachCompounds were first tested by RANKL‐induced NF‐κB luciferase activity and osteoclastic TRAP assay, followed by molecular docking to characterize the structure–activity relationship. The effects and mechanisms of the most potent nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid on RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were further evaluated in vitro. Micro‐CT and histology analysis were used to assess the prevention of bone destruction by nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids in vivo.Key ResultsNitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4, with a nitrobenzoyl moiety at C‐14 and a hydroxyl group at C‐9, was the most active compound on NF‐κB activity and osteoclastogenesis. Consequently, nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 exhibited suppression of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption from 0.5 μM. It blocked RANKL‐induced IκBa phosphorylation, NF‐κB p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, NFATc1 activation, reduced DC‐STAMP but not c‐Fos expression during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 also ameliorated LPS‐induced osteolysis in vivo.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results highlighted nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 as a novel inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. This marine‐derived sesquiterpenoid is a promising lead compound for the treatment of osteolytic diseases.
Mechanisms of artemether toxicity on single cardiomyocytes and protective effect of nanoencapsulation
Authors: Moreira Souza Ana Carolina , Grabe‐Guimarães Andrea , Cruz Jader dos Santos , Santos‐Miranda Artur , Farah Charlotte , Teixeira Oliveira Liliam , Lucas Alexandre , Aimond Franck , Sicard Pierre , Mosqueira Vanessa Carla Furtado , Richard Sylvain 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeThe artemisinin derivative, artemether, has antimalarial activity with potential neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects. Artemether in nanocapsules (NC‐ATM) is more efficient than free artemether for reducing parasitaemia and increasing survival of Plasmodium berghei‐infected mice. NCs also prevent prolongation of the QT interval of the ECG. Here, we assessed cellular cardiotoxicity of artemether and how this toxicity was prevented by nanoencapsulation.Experimental ApproachMice were treated with NC‐ATM orally (120 mg·kg−1 twice daily) for 4 days. Other mice received free artemether, blank NCs, and vehicle for comparison. We measured single‐cell contraction, intracellular Ca2+ transient using fluorescent Indo‐1AM Ca2+ dye, and electrical activity using the patch‐clamp technique in freshly isolated left ventricular myocytes. The acute effect of free artemether was also tested on cardiomyocytes of untreated animals.Key ResultsArtemether prolonged action potentials (AP) upon acute exposure (at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of cardiomyocytes from untreated mice or after in vivo treatment. This prolongation was unrelated to blockade of K+ currents, increased Ca2+ currents or promotion of a sustained Na+ current. AP lengthening was abolished by the NCX inhibitor SEA‐0400. Artemether promoted irregular Ca2+ transients during pacing and spontaneous Ca2+ events during resting periods. NC‐ATM prevented all effects. Blank NCs had no effects compared with vehicle.Conclusion and ImplicationsArtemether induced NCX‐dependent AP lengthening (explaining QTc prolongation) and disrupted Ca2+ handling, both effects increasing pro‐arrhythmogenic risks. NCs prevented these adverse effects, providing a safe alternative to the use of artemether alone, especially to treat malaria.
Contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors—15 adult patients tested with a medical device patch test series
Authors: Ulriksdotter Josefin , Svedman Cecilia , Bruze Magnus , Glimsjö Jenny , Källberg Kajsa , Sukakul Thanisorn , Mowitz Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to the glucose sensor FreeStyle Libre have been reported. Isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) are known culprit allergens.ObjectivesTo evaluate patients with suspected ACD to FreeStyle Libre in a standardized manner, present causative allergens, and assess patient‐reported implications.MethodsA total of 15 patients with suspected ACD to FreeStyle Libre were patch tested with the Swedish baseline series and a new medical device series. IBOA and DMAA were tested at 0.1% and 0.3% in petrolatum (pet.). Readings were performed on day (D) 3 and D7. Background data, details on skin reactions, and associated implications were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsThirteen patients were sensitized to IBOA and four to DMAA. Two positive reactions to IBOA and one to DMAA were seen only at 0.3% concentration on D7. Median duration of sensor use before dermatitis onset was 6 months. Half the number of the patients took precautions in everyday life due to sensor‐related skin reactions. Six patients discontinued sensor usage.ConclusionsPatients with suspected ACD to glucose sensors should be evaluated with a relevant patch test series containing IBOA and DMAA. Adding the 0.3% pet. concentration is recommended. The reading on D7 is necessary.
Outcomes following emergency colorectal cancer presentation in the elderly
Authors: Webster P. J. , Tavangar Ranjbar N. , Turner J. , El‐Sharkawi A. , Zhou G. , Chitsabesan P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimColorectal cancer is predominantly a disease of the elderly and up to 30% of these patients will present as an emergency. We compared the outcomes of ‘elderly’ patients presenting to our unit with a colorectal cancer emergency over a 10‐year period with those of a ‘younger’ cohort.MethodsA single centre retrospective review of colorectal cancer emergencies between 1 April 2007 and 1 April 2017 was performed. Patients were separated into two cohorts: ‘young’ (< 75 years) and ‘elderly’ (≥ 75 years). Data collected included demographics, disease status, treatment and outcomes.ResultsA total of 341 patients (< 75 years: n = 154; ≥ 75 years: n = 187) presented as a colorectal cancer emergency. Significantly fewer ‘elderly’ patients underwent curative surgical procedures (72% vs 49%, P < 0.0001) or received adjuvant chemotherapy (56% vs 21%, P < 0.0001). ‘Elderly’ patients had significantly more postoperative cardio‐respiratory complications (7% vs 36%, P < 0.0001), but despite this there was no significant difference in 30‐day mortality (7% vs 12%) and survival rates at 1 year (75% vs 74%) or 3 years (56% vs 49%). Elderly patients treated with best supportive care had a median overall survival of just 62 (range 1–955) days.ConclusionPatients ≥ 75 years presenting as a colorectal cancer emergency were significantly less likely to undergo emergency curative surgery or receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those < 75 years. However, the 30‐day mortality, 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates for patients undergoing curative surgery were comparable.
Statistically Induced Chunking Recall: A Memory‐Based Approach to Statistical Learning
Authors: Isbilen Erin S. , McCauley Stewart M. , Kidd Evan , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe computations involved in statistical learning have long been debated. Here, we build on work suggesting that a basic memory process, chunking, may account for the processing of statistical regularities into larger units. Drawing on methods from the memory literature, we developed a novel paradigm to test statistical learning by leveraging a robust phenomenon observed in serial recall tasks: that short‐term memory is fundamentally shaped by long‐term distributional learning. In the statistically induced chunking recall (SICR) task, participants are exposed to an artificial language, using a standard statistical learning exposure phase. Afterward, they recall strings of syllables that either follow the statistics of the artificial language or comprise the same syllables presented in a random order. We hypothesized that if individuals had chunked the artificial language into word‐like units, then the statistically structured items would be more accurately recalled relative to the random controls. Our results demonstrate that SICR effectively captures learning in both the auditory and visual modalities, with participants displaying significantly improved recall of the statistically structured items, and even recall specific trigram chunks from the input. SICR also exhibits greater test–retest reliability in the auditory modality and sensitivity to individual differences in both modalities than the standard two‐alternative forced‐choice task. These results thereby provide key empirical support to the chunking account of statistical learning and contribute a valuable new tool to the literature.