bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated nicotine exposure increases the intracellular interaction between ERK‐mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens more in adult than adolescent rats
Authors: Yang Ju Hwan , Sohn Sumin , Kim Sunghyun , Kim Jieun , Oh Jeong Hwan , Ryu In Soo , Go Bok Soon , Choe Eun Sang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntracellular interactions between protein kinases and metabotropic receptors in the striatum regulate behavioral changes in response to drug exposure. We investigated the difference in the degree of interaction between extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after repeated exposure to nicotine in adult and adolescent rats. The results showed that repeated exposure to nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for seven consecutive days increased ERK phosphorylation more in adults than in adolescents. Furthermore, membrane expression of mGluR5 in gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) medium spiny neurons was higher in adults than adolescents as a result of repeated exposure to nicotine. Blockade of mGluR5 with MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine‐induced increase in ERK phosphorylation. Either blockade of mGluR5 or inhibition of ERK with SL327 (150 nmol/side) decreased the repeated nicotine‐induced increase in the level of inositol‐1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3), a key transducer associated with mGluR5‐coupled signaling cascades. Similarly, interference of binding between activated ERK and mGluR5 by the blocking peptide, Tat‐mGluR5‐i (2 nmol/side), decreased the repeated nicotine‐induced increases in IP3 and locomotor activity in adults. These findings suggest that the intracellular interaction between ERK and mGluR5 in the NAc is stronger in adult than in adolescent rats, which enhances the understanding of age‐associated behavioral changes that occur after repeated exposure to nicotine.
Potential resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of aorta candidates: defining the potential need using the National Trauma Registry
Authors: Daskal Yaakov , Hershkovitz Yehuda , Peleg Kobi , Dubose Joseph J. , Kessel Boris , Jeroukhimov Igor , Givon Adi , Dudkiewicz Mickey ,   Israel Trauma Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost of the trauma patients who die in the first 24 h from arrival to the hospital do so as a result of haemorrhagic shock. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) facilitates expedient proximal aortic control, potentially bridging a needed gap for partial or non‐responders to traditional resuscitation en route to emergent definitive haemostasis. This resuscitation tool continues to evolve and has recently achieved some consensus defined indications for its use. The aim of this study is designed to examine the potential utility of REBOA among trauma victims who die within 24 h of arrival.MethodsData of all trauma patients who died in the first 24 h, from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from the National Trauma Registry in the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research. Patients who died in the first half an hour, and those with neck and thorax injuries were excluded. Demographics, clinical and injury data were collected.ResultsOverall, 129 patients were included; 74% male and 26% female with the mean age of 46.4 years. A total of 76% suffered blunt trauma and 24% penetrating trauma. Mean survival time was 5.87 h. The cause of death was major abdominal organ injury in 47.2%, injury to major abdominal vessel in 23.3% and pelvic fractures in 21.7%. A total of 69 patients (53.5%) ultimately required delayed resuscitative thoracotomy in the operation room.ConclusionRegistry data suggest that there is a subset of patients presenting to modern trauma centres who might benefit from REBOA in order to avoid death.
Total laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty: a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Wang Junjiang , Wei Gengzhou , Yi Zhiyong , Liu Mubiao , Wu Wulin , Hu Weixian , Zheng Jiabin , Yao Xueqing , Li Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and outcomes of total laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty (TLSV) in women with congenital absence of the vagina.MethodsWe investigated 10 women with congenital absence of the vagina, who underwent TLSV at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between April 2013 and July 2016.ResultsAll 10 women were unmarried, the mean age was 22.8 (range 17–33) years, mean estimated blood loss was 149.2 ± 54.8 (60–170) mL, mean operative time was 108.4 ± 52.6 (130–210) min, mean post‐operative hospital stay was 8.0 ± 2.8 (6–12) days and the mean neovaginal length was 13.4 ± 3.0 (12–16) cm. Eight of the 10 women were heterosexually active. Trocar port site infection and neovaginal stenosis occurred 3 months after TLSV in one patient; a vaginal mould was used to relieve the stenosis.ConclusionTLSV is an optimal minimally invasive procedure to treat women with congenital absence of the vagina and is associated with rapid recovery and acceptable cosmetic effects.
Evaluation of communication to general practitioners when opioid‐naïve post‐surgical patients are discharged from hospital on opioids
Authors: Tran Tim , Taylor Simone E. , George Johnson , Pisasale Daisy , Batrouney Adele , Ngo Janet , Stanley Beata , Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo address the opioid crisis, much work has focused on minimizing opioid supply to surgical patients upon hospital discharge. Research is limited regarding handover to primary care providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the communication of post‐operative opioid prescribing information provided by hospitals to general practitioners (GPs).MethodsThis study comprised two components. First, a retrospective audit of discharge summaries for opioid‐naïve surgical patients supplied with an opioid on discharge was conducted to evaluate accuracy of opioid documentation and presence of an opioid management plan. Second, a survey was distributed to GPs to seek their opinions regarding adequacy of communication about hospital‐initiated opioids in discharge summaries, challenges experienced in opioid management and suggestions for improvement.ResultsDischarge summaries for 285 patients were audited. Twenty‐seven (9.5%) patients had no discharge summary completed. Of the remaining 258, 63 (24.4%) summaries had at least one discrepancy between the opioid(s) listed and the opioid(s) dispensed. Only 33 (12.8%) summaries contained an opioid management plan. From 57 GP‐completed surveys, 41 (71.9%) GPs rarely or never received an opioid management plan from hospital surgical units and 34 (59.7%) were dissatisfied/very dissatisfied with information provided about opioid supply and management. Qualitative responses highlighted difficulties GPs experience managing opioid treatment for post‐surgical patients after discharge, differing patient expectations and the need to improve communication at times of transition.ConclusionWhen opioid‐naive patients are discharged from hospital on opioids, communication from hospitals to GPs is poor. Future interventions should focus on strategies to improve this.
A penalized structural equation modeling method accounting for secondary phenotypes for variable selection on genetically regulated expression from PrediXcan for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Ting‐Huei , Boughal Hanaa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs the global burden of mental illness is estimated to become a severe issue in the near future, it demands the development of more effective treatments. Most psychiatric diseases are moderately to highly heritable and believed to involve many genes. Development of new treatment options demands more knowledge on the molecular basis of psychiatric diseases. Toward this end, we propose to develop new statistical methods with improved sensitivity and accuracy to identify disease‐related genes specialized for psychiatric diseases. The qualitative psychiatric diagnoses such as case control often suffer from high rates of misdiagnosis and oversimplify the disease phenotypes. Our proposed method utilizes endophenotypes, the quantitative traits hypothesized to underlie disease syndromes, to better characterize the heterogeneous phenotypes of psychiatric diseases. We employ the structural equation modeling using the liability‐index model to link multiple genetically regulated expressions from PrediXcan and the manifest variables including endophenotypes and case‐control status. The proposed method can be considered as a general method for multivariate regression, which is particularly helpful for psychiatric diseases. We derive penalized retrospective likelihood estimators to deal with the typical small sample size issue. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method and the real data analysis of Alzheimer's disease illustrates the practical utility of the techniques. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.
Generalized reliability based on distances
Authors: Xu Meng , Reiss Philip T. , Cribben Ivor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a classical index of measurement reliability. With the advent of new and complex types of data for which the ICC is not defined, there is a need for new ways to assess reliability. To meet this need, we propose a new distance‐based ICC (dbICC), defined in terms of arbitrary distances among observations. We introduce a bias correction to improve the coverage of bootstrap confidence intervals for the dbICC, and demonstrate its efficacy via simulation. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing the test‐retest reliability of brain connectivity matrices derived from a set of repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The Spearman‐Brown formula, which shows how more intensive measurement increases reliability, is extended to encompass the dbICC.
A longitudinal study of the impact of change in socioeconomic status on dental caries in the permanent dentition of Swedish children and adolescents
Authors: Östberg Anna‐Lena , Petzold Max 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe overall aim was to analyse longitudinally the development of dental caries in the permanent dentition of children and adolescents in a Swedish region, in relation to possible change in socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsA total of 259 448 individuals in western Sweden were followed over a 3‐year period, through dental journal records at baseline (3‐19‐year‐olds) and 1‐3 dental check‐ups during the follow‐up period. Official socioeconomic register information (ethnicity, wealth, parental education and employment) was available at both baseline and follow‐up. Data were used both as independent single variables and combined in an index. Gender, age and caries status at baseline and the examination years were included as covariates in the regression models.ResultsAssociations over time were found between SES and dental caries in young people. A persistently low SES was associated with the greatest risk of both new and accumulated (decayed plus filled teeth/approximal surfaces) caries; however, any change in SES, whether improved or worsened, led to a greater risk. An increased risk of new caries events was identified for those who were older at baseline and by examination year. On average, the increase per year in decayed and/or filled teeth and in approximal surfaces was 0.23 and 0.12, respectively.ConclusionSES was shown to be an important risk factor for dental caries over time in young Swedish people. Prevention programmes should pay particular attention to the needs of socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and groups.
Bidirectional analysis of the association between Ménière’s disease and depression: Two longitudinal follow‐up studies using a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Lee Chang Ho , Min Chanyang , Park Il‐Seok , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to delineate the causal relationship between Ménière's disease and depression.DesignTwo longitudinal follow‐up studies.Main Outcome MeasuresThe 2002‐2013 Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort was used. In study I, Ménière's disease patients were 1:4 matched with the control I group for age group, sex, income group and region of residence, and the occurrence of depression was observed. In study II, the depression patients were 1:4 matched with the control II group for the same variables, and the occurrence of Ménière's disease was observed. The stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex.ResultsIn study I, 6.9% (420/6044) of the Ménière's disease patients and 3.7% (885/24 176) of the control I participants experienced depression. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of Ménière's disease for depression was 1.94 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.73‐2.18, P < .001). In study II, 1.6% (490/31 649) of the depression patients and 1.0% (1240/126 596) of the control II participants were diagnosed with Ménière's disease. The adjusted HR of depression for Ménière's disease was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.43‐1.76, P < .001). All age and sex subgroups demonstrated higher HRs of Ménière's disease for depression (study I) and depression for Ménière's disease (study II).ConclusionMénière's disease patients showed an increased likelihood of depression. Conversely, depression patients showed an elevated likelihood of Ménière's disease.
Evaluating the ability of the Sodergren score to guide the management of internal haemorrhoidal disease
Authors: Sha H. L. , Roslani A. C. , Poh K. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe Sodergren score was developed to objectively measure the severity of haemorrhoidal symptoms. This study aimed to determine if there was a difference in the Sodergren score between patients who were offered surgery and patients who underwent successful rubber band ligation of internal haemorrhoidal disease and to assess its performance in guiding management.MethodThis is a prospective, observational study. The preintervention Sodergren scores of subjects with internal haemorrhoidal disease were recorded and blinded to the surgeon in charge. Sodergren scores of subjects in the two arms were unblinded and compared at the end of the study.ResultsThe results for 290 patients were available for final analysis. The median scores of those offered surgery and those who underwent successful rubber band ligation differed significantly [4 (interquartile range 3–10) vs 0 (interquartile range 0–4), P = 0.001]. In predicting treatment, the Sodergren score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.735 (95% CI 0.675–0.795).ConclusionThere is a significant difference in scores between patients who were offered surgery and patients with successful rubber band ligation. Our study suggests that the Sodergren score has an acceptable discrimination in predicting the need for surgery in internal haemorrhoidal disease. We propose that patients with a Sodergren score of 6 or more be considered for upfront surgery. This score could potentially be used to standardize outcomes of future haemorrhoid trials.
Echocardiography–fluoroscopy fusion imaging: The essential features used in congenital and structural heart disease interventional guidance
Authors: Jone Pei‐Ni , Sandoval Juan Pablo , Haak Alexander , Hammers Jacob , Rodriguez‐Zanella Hugo , Quaife Robert A. , Salcedo Ernesto E. , Carroll John D. , Gill Edward 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncreased catheter‐based interventions in congenital and structural heart disease require imaging modalities to be oriented in the same visual perspective. The use of echocardiography–fluoroscopy fusion (EFF) imaging has been developed for better characterization of complex anatomy and to facilitate key steps in interventional procedures. This review will detail the technology behind EFF, the differences between the two ultrasound fusion systems, and essential features of EFF imaging in congenital and structural heart disease interventions.
Structure of positive psychotic symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Azis Matilda , Rouhakhtar Pamela Rakhshan , Schiffman Jason E. , Ellman Lauren M. , Strauss Gregory P. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimPositive symptoms are a critical dimension of psychopathology in psychotic disorders and are used as a criterion for diagnosis across the psychosis continuum. Although initially considered as one dimension, there is evidence for multidimensionality within positive symptoms. The positive symptom structure has not been examined in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Knowledge of the dimensional structure of positive symptoms within CHR may contribute to our understanding of the aetiology and trajectory of this key facet of psychosis.MethodExploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the Prodromal Questionnaire‐Brief for 183 individuals meeting CHR criteria. Internal consistency was examined to determine the hierarchical structure of the data and alternative models were compared.ResultsEFA revealed a three factor model, grouping in to: perceptual abnormalities, grandiose/unusual delusions and persecutory/thought delusions, with a general factor accounting for 56% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a hierarchical model was the best fit. One item referring to nihilistic thoughts did not load on any factor.ConclusionThere is a clear three‐dimensional model, distinguishing perceptual abnormalities, and two subgroups of delusions in CHR individuals. The factors are similar to those found in psychotic disorders. The identification and comparison of symptomatic models is useful given the prominent role positive symptoms play in diagnosis, and is crucial to our understanding of the clinical progression of psychosis. This work may provide a useful tool for future studies examining correlations with varying symptom factors and disease progression in CHR.
The normative bond between Kantian autonomy and Sartrean authenticity: A critical existentialist perspective
Authors: Russo Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSartre and Kant are not often compared, especially because the former is frequently considered a theorist of a totally arbitrary free will. Nevertheless, this is not a fair interpretation of Sartre. Starting already from Being and Nothingness, he conceived an ethical difference between bad faith and authenticity. More unequivocally, in Notebooks for an Ethics he developed an existentialist ethics, which is more Kantian than expected. In that text, the ethical ideal of authenticity is not so different from the ethical ideal of autonomy in Kant. The aim of this article is to characterize Sartrean authenticity as a radicalization of Kantian autonomy. In both cases, there is a normative criterion, which implies a correct exercise of freedom towards oneself and others. This correct exercise of freedom implies for Kant the exclusion of the will determined by material conditions. For Sartre, this correct exercise means the rejection of bad faith. There is also a similar connection between autonomy and respect in Kant, and between authenticity and generosity in Sartre. Highlighting this little‐known affinity between the two most radical philosophers of freedom could also reveal a non‐ideological Sartre, ready to dialogue with contemporary ethical debate.
Portfolio optimization in the catastrophe space
Authors: Chang Carolyn W. , Chang Jack S. K. , Yu Min‐Teh , Zhao Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn today's global catastrophe space, the role of insurance‐linked securities has evolved from that of a threatened reinsurance substitute to now being a viable complementary reinsurance product, underpinning the convergence of the two markets. This study constructs a two‐agent sequential optimization framework to mimic the economics of the reinsurance/insurance markets and shows how NPV‐maximizing reinsurers and hedging cost‐minimizing insurers can optimally allocate default‐risky catastrophe reinsurance and default‐free catastrophe bonds at the interface of these two markets. We analyze parametric impacts considering interest rate risk, financial leverage, basis risk, differential markup, catastrophe arrival intensity, and severity, as well as other relevant characteristics.
Synthetic post‐translational modifications of elongation factor P using the ligase EpmA
Authors: Pfab Miriam , Kielkowski Pavel , Krafczyk Ralph , Volkwein Wolfram , Sieber Stephan A. , Lassak Jürgen , Jung Kirsten 
Published: April 2020

Canonically, tRNA synthetases charge tRNA. However, the lysyl‐tRNA synthetase paralog EpmA catalyzes the attachment of (R)‐β‐lysine to the ε‐amino group of lysine 34 of the translation elongation factor P (EF‐P) in Escherichia coli. This modification is essential for EF‐P‐mediated translational rescue of ribosomes stalled at consecutive prolines. In this study, we determined the kinetics of EpmA and its variant EpmA_A298G to catalyze the post‐translational modification of K34 in EF‐P with eight noncanonical substrates. In addition, acetylated EF‐P was generated using an amber suppression system. The impact of these synthetically modified EF‐P variants on in vitro translation of a polyproline‐containing NanoLuc luciferase reporter was analyzed. Our results show that natural (R)‐β‐lysylation was more effective in rescuing stalled ribosomes than any other synthetic modification tested. Thus, our work not only provides new biochemical insights into the function of EF‐P, but also opens a new route to post‐translationally modify proteins using EpmA.
Influence of laser shock peening on fatigue performance of LZ50 axle steel for railway wheel set
Authors: Tang Kai , Wang Wenjian , Ding Haohao , Zhou Liucheng , Guo Jun , He Weifeng , Cai Zhenbing , Liu Qiyue , Zhou Zhongrong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLaser shock peening (LSP) is a surface treatment technique that forms a strengthened layer on the metal surfaces. In this study, the LSP was applied on the locomotive LZ50 axle steel surface which was interference fitted with the wheel. The microstructures, fracture morphologies and fatigue performances of LSP‐treated and untreated axle steels were explored. The results indicated that after the LSP treatment, a strengthened layer was generated on the axle steel surface. The surface hardness was increased by 25%, that is, from around 204 to around 255 HV0.3. The residual compressive stresses were improved from 260 to 345 MPa along the axial direction and from 165 to 225 MPa along the radial direction. The fatigue limit was increased by 30%, that is, from around 130 to around 170 MPa. The fracture surfaces could be divided into three regions: crack initiation, crack propagation, and short‐break regions. In the crack initiation region, the fatigue striation of the LSP‐treated steel was denser than the untreated steel. In the crack propagation and short‐break regions, the fracture morphologies of the LSP‐treated and the untreated axle steels were similar.
Differential risk premiums and the UIP puzzle
Authors: Biswas Rita , Piccotti Louis R. , Schreiber Ben Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe respecify the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) conditions by inverting the market price of the risk (Sharpe ratio) formula. Our empirical model provides new insight indicating that violations to the UIP stem from the existence of a risk premium in the exchange rates and from observed market return differentials being a noisy statistic of the markets’ expected return differentials in our respecified model. Using an integrated macro‐micro structure framework for expected market return differentials improves our model fit and the validity of UIP.