bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Diversion for Treatment of Acutely Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: AlMatter Muhammad , Aguilar Pérez Marta , Hellstern Victoria , Mitrovic Goran , Ganslandt Oliver , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Reports about the use of flow diverter stents (FDS) in the acute setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are limited. This article presents a single center experiences based on 45 consecutive cases with emphasis on complication rates and clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Methods
A prospectively maintained database of all cases treated with FDS as a stand-alone or adjunct device was retrospectively reviewed. All patients treated within 30 days of SAH were included. Records were made of clinical presentation, details of endovascular treatment, procedural complications, clinical outcome, and degree of occlusion on follow-up.

Results
In this study 45 patients (48.9% females; mean age 58.8 ± 12.4 years) were included. Flow diversion was performed after a median of 4 days. The procedural complication rate was 13.3% resulting in 2.2% permanent morbidities and 4.4% mortalities. No major hemorrhagic complications related to antiplatelet therapy were recorded. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 13.3%. Among survivors, complete occlusion was achieved in 94.6%. Excellent clinical outcome was recorded in 68.9% and 81.6% of the total population and survivors, respectively. There were no records of rebleeding from the target lesions.

Conclusion
Flow diversion is an attractive alternative strategy for management of acutely ruptured aneurysms with high rates of delayed complete occlusion and acceptable complication rates.
Elektronische Kodierung von Todesbescheinigungen
Authors: Eckert Olaf 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDerzeit wird etwa die Hälfte der deutschen Todesbescheinigungen durch die statistischen Ämter auf Landesebene elektronisch kodiert, um das für einen Todessfall verantwortliche Grundleiden nach den Vorgaben der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zu ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag wird der Kodiervorgang erklärt und seine Bedeutung für die Todesursachenstatistik erläutert.Der Kodierkern MUSE ist seit einigen Jahren als Softwarekomponente in das internationale Kodiersystem Iris integriert und wird von der internationalen Iris Core Group kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Ein neues Modul, das die syntaktischen Besonderheiten der deutschen Sprache berücksichtigt, weist soweit wie möglich den textlichen Todesursachen aus Teil 1 und Teil 2 der Todesbescheinigung automatisch ICD-10-Kodes zu. Hierbei wird erstmals auch eine automatische Textkorrektur eingesetzt. Uncodierte Textteile werden von Signierfachkräften nachkodiert.Trotz der Bemühungen ist die Verbesserung der Datenqualität für die Todesursachenstatistik weiterhin die größte Herausforderung. Diese Aufgabe kann nur von den beteiligten Akteuren (Ärzten, Gesundheitsämtern und statistischen Ämtern) gemeinsam gemeistert werden. Aus dem Prozess der elektronischen Kodierung in den statistischen Ämtern ergeben sich wertvolle Hinweise, bei welchen Todesbescheinigungen Qualitätsdefizite bestehen. Diese sollten künftig für eine gezielte Rückmeldung an die gegenüber der Statistik berichtspflichtigen Gesundheitsämter genutzt werden.
Evidence for positive allosteric modulation of cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine in healthy human subjects
Authors: Hahn Britta , Shrieves Megan E. , Olmstead Cory K. , Yuille Marie B. , Chiappelli Joshua J. , Pereira Edna F. R. , Albuquerque Edson X. , Fawcett William P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Rationale
Cognitive benefits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists are well established but have generally been of small magnitude and uncertain clinical significance. A way of raising the effect size may be to facilitate agonist-induced responses by co-administering a nAChR positive allosteric modulator (PAM).

Objective
The aim was to test whether galantamine, a PAM at several nAChR subtypes, can potentiate the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.

Methods
Twenty-six adult never-smokers were treated, in a double-blind counterbalanced sequence, with nicotine (7 mg/24 h, transdermally) and galantamine (4 mg, p.o.) combined, nicotine alone, galantamine alone, and double placebo. A low dose of galantamine was chosen to minimize acetylcholinesterase inhibition, which was verified in blood assays. In each condition, participants were tested with three cognitive tasks.

Results
Nicotine significantly improved reaction time (RT) and signal detection in a visuospatial attention task and the Rapid Visual Information Processing Task. Galantamine did not modulate these effects. A trend toward RT reduction by galantamine correlated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In a change detection task, there were no effects of nicotine or galantamine alone on accuracy or RT. However, both drugs combined acted synergistically to reduce RT. This effect was not associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

Conclusions
A pattern consistent with allosteric potentiation of nicotine effects by galantamine was observed on one of six performance measures. This may reflect specific nAChR subtype involvement, or additional pharmacological actions of galantamine may have overshadowed similar interactions on other measures. The finding suggests that allosteric potentiation of nAChR agonist-induced cognitive benefits is possible in principle.
The Tutte Embedding of the Poisson–Voronoi Tessellation of the Brownian Disk Converges to $$\sqrt{8/3}$$-Liouville Quantum Gravity
Authors: Gwynne Ewain , Miller Jason , Sheffield Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent works have shown that an instance of a Brownian surface (such as the Brownian map or Brownian disk) a.s. has a canonical conformal structure under which it is equivalent to a $$\sqrt{8/3}$$8/3-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface. In particular, Brownian motion on a Brownian surface is well-defined. The construction in these works is indirect, however, and leaves open a basic question: is Brownian motion on a Brownian surface the limit of simple random walk on increasingly fine discretizations of that surface, the way Brownian motion on $$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2 is the $$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$ϵ→0 limit of simple random walk on $$\epsilon \mathbb {Z}^2$$ϵZ2? We answer this question affirmatively by showing that Brownian motion on a Brownian surface is (up to time change) the $$\lambda \rightarrow \infty $$λ→∞ limit of simple random walk on the Voronoi tessellation induced by a Poisson point process whose intensity is $$\lambda $$λ times the associated area measure. Among other things, this implies that as $$\lambda \rightarrow \infty $$λ→∞ the Tutte embedding (a.k.a. harmonic embedding) of the discretized Brownian disk converges to the canonical conformal embedding of the continuum Brownian disk, which in turn corresponds to $$\sqrt{8/3}$$8/3-LQG. Along the way, we obtain other independently interesting facts about conformal embeddings of Brownian surfaces, including information about the Euclidean shapes of embedded metric balls and Voronoi cells. For example, we derive moment estimates that imply, in a certain precise sense, that these shapes are unlikely to be very long and thin.
Critical Appraisal of the Impact of Oesophageal Stents in the Management of Oesophageal Anastomotic Leaks and Benign Oesophageal Perforations: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Bundred James , Spence Gary , Kennedy Andrew , Dasari Bobby V. M. , Griffiths Ewen A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionEndoscopic placement of oesophageal stents may be used in benign oesophageal perforation and oesophageal anastomotic leakage to control sepsis and reduce mortality and morbidity by avoiding thoracotomy. This updated systematic review aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of oesophageal stents in these two scenarios.MethodsA systematic literature search of all published studies reporting use of metallic and plastic stents in the management of post‐operative anastomotic leaks, spontaneous and iatrogenic oesophageal perforations were identified. Primary outcomes were technical (deploying ≥ 1 stent to occlude site of leakage with no evidence of leakage of contrast within 24–48 h) and clinical success (complete healing of perforation or leakage by placement of single or multiple stents irrespective of whether the stent was left in situ or was removed). Secondary outcomes were stent migration, perforation and erosion, and mortality rates. Subgroup analysis was performed for plastic versus metallic stents and anastomotic leaks versus perforations separately.ResultsA total of 66 studies (n = 1752 patients) were included. Technical and clinical success rates were 96% and 87%, respectively. Plastic stents had significantly higher migration rates (24% vs 16%, p = 0.001) and repositioning (11% vs 3%, p < 0.001) and lower technical success (91% vs 95%, p = 0.032) than metallic stents. In patients with anastomotic leaks, plastic stents were associated with higher stent migration (26% vs 15%, p = 0.034), perforation (2% vs 0%, p = 0.013), repositioning (10% vs 0%, p < 0.001), and lower technical success (95% vs 100%, p = p = 0.002). In patients with perforations only, plastic stents were associated with significantly lower technical success (85% vs 99%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsCovered metallic oesophageal stents appear to be more effective than plastic stents in the management of oesophageal perforation and anastomotic leakage. However, quality of evidence of generally poor and high‐quality randomised trial is needed to further evaluate best management option for oesophageal perforation and anastomotic leakage.
CT assessment of the quality of omentoplasty and its implications for perineal wound healing
Authors: Blok Robin D. , Sharabiany Sarah , Ferrett Colin G. , Hompes Roel , Tanis Pieter J. , Cunningham Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study was designed to examine the impact of an omentoplasty and its quality on pelviperineal morbidity after abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-centre study of consecutive patients undergoing APR for primary or recurrent rectal cancer between 2000 and 2018. Quality of omentoplasty was categorised (sufficient vs insufficient) based on postoperative CT scans. Main study endpoints were perineal wound healing and perineal hernia.

Results
This study included 100 patients: 16 with a sufficient omentoplasty, 16 with an insufficient omentoplasty, and 68 without omentoplasty. Rate of pelviperineal complications within 30 days was 44%, 69% and 64% (P = 0.283), and delayed wound healing at 3 months was 19%, 54% and 27%, respectively (P = 0.109). Sufficient omentoplasty was not significantly associated with less delayed healing in multivariable analysis (OR 0.597; 95% CI 0.149–2.397). An insufficient omentoplasty demonstrated significantly higher rates of delayed healing at 6 months (46% vs 14%; P = 0.016) and chronic perineal sinus at 12 months (31% vs 3%; P = 0.008) compared with no omentoplasty.

Conclusion
This relatively small series suggest that even a sufficient omentoplasty, as determined by postoperative imaging, does not reduce pelviperineal morbidity after APR for rectal cancer. The methodology of CT-based assessment of an omentoplasty as well as the correlation with postoperative outcomes has to be validated in future studies.
From the prion-like propagation hypothesis to therapeutic strategies of anti-tau immunotherapy
Authors: Colin Morvane , Dujardin Simon , Schraen-Maschke Susanna , Meno-Tetang Guy , Duyckaerts Charles , Courade Jean-Philippe , Buée Luc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The term “propagon” is used to define proteins that may transmit misfolding in vitro, in tissues or in organisms. Among propagons, misfolded tau is thought to be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of various “tauopathies” that include Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and argyrophilic grain disease. Here, we review the available data in the literature and point out how the prion-like tau propagation has been extended from Alzheimer's disease to tauopathies. First, in Alzheimer’s disease, the progression of tau aggregation follows stereotypical anatomical stages which may be considered as spreading. The mechanisms of the propagation are now subject to intensive and controversial research. It has been shown that tau may be secreted in the interstitial fluid in an active manner as reflected by high and constant concentration of extracellular tau during Alzheimer’s pathology. Animal and cell models have been devised to mimic tau seeding and propagation, and despite their limitations, they have further supported to the prion-like propagation hypothesis. Finally, such new ways of thinking have led to different therapeutic strategies in anti-tau immunotherapy among tauopathies and have stimulated new clinical trials. However, it appears that the prion-like propagation hypothesis mainly relies on data obtained in Alzheimer’s disease. From this review, it appears that further studies are needed (1) to characterize extracellular tau species, (2) to find the right pathological tau species to target, (3) to follow in vivo tau pathology by brain imaging and biomarkers and (4) to interpret current clinical trial results aimed at reducing the progression of these pathologies. Such inputs will be essential to have a comprehensive view of these promising therapeutic strategies in tauopathies.
Logical negation mapped onto the brain
Authors: Grodzinsky Yosef , Deschamps Isabelle , Pieperhoff Peter , Iannilli Francesca , Agmon Galit , Loewenstein Yonatan , Amunts Katrin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High-level cognitive capacities that serve communication, reasoning, and calculation are essential for finding our way in the world. But whether and to what extent these complex behaviors share the same neuronal substrate are still unresolved questions. The present study separated the aspects of logic from language and numerosity—mental faculties whose distinctness has been debated for centuries—and identified a new cytoarchitectonic area as correlate for an operation involving logical negation. A novel experimental paradigm that was implemented here in an RT/fMRI study showed a single cluster of activity that pertains to logical negation. It was distinct from clusters that were activated by numerical comparison and from the traditional language regions. The localization of this cluster was described by a newly identified cytoarchitectonic area in the left anterior insula, ventro-medial to Broca’s region. We provide evidence for the congruence between the histologically and functionally defined regions on multiple measures. Its position in the left anterior insula suggests that it functions as a mediator between language and reasoning areas.
Experimental Investigation of the Permeability and Mechanical Behaviours of Chemically Corroded Limestone Under Different Unloading Conditions
Authors: Li Hao , Zhong Zuliang , Eshiet Kenneth Imo-Imo , Sheng Yong , Liu Xinrong , Yang Dongmin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the mechanical properties and permeability of chemically corroded rock during deep underground tunneling. Nuclear magnetic resonance tests are carried out to quantify the chemical damage of limestone samples at the microscopic scale. Coupled hydrostatic pressure-unloading tests at different unloading rates are also conducted on these chemically corroded limestone samples to investigate permeability changes and chemical effects on mechanical behaviours. Magnetic resonance imaging, T2 spectrum distribution and porosity of the samples are obtained, and the chemical micro damage is visualized and quantified. The relationship between permeability and mechanical behaviors of the rock under hydrochemical–mechanical coupled effects is investigated. The results show that the permeability development process of the chemical corroded samples can be divided into three stages: at the first stage, the permeability initially decreases, and the second stage starts at the inflection point of the permeability curve, from where the permeability begins to increase slightly. At the third stage, the permeability of the limestone increases dramatically until the sample is ruptured. Chemical corrosion and unloading rates have a combined and significant influence on the development of micro cracks in rocks, which is the root cause of the permeability changes. A stress-permeability model is proposed to describe the permeability and stresses in chemical-corroded limestone; this can be adopted for other sedimentary rocks.
Comparison of the geometry of the left ventricle outflow tract, the aortic root and the ascending aorta in patients with severe tricuspid aortic stenosis versus healthy controls
Authors: Nieznańska Małgorzata , Zatorska Karina , Stokłosa Patrycjusz , Ryś Małgorzata , Duchnowski Piotr , Szymański Piotr , Hryniewiecki Tomasz , Michałowska Ilona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging geometry of the ascending aorta, the aortic root, the aortic annulus and the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) in aortic stenosis (AS) patients, to compare aortic root morphology in patients with AS with healthy controls and to evaluate sex differences. Fifty patients with severe AS and 50 age- and gender-matched controls who underwent MSCT were included in the study. The dimensions of the LVOT, the aortic annulus, the aortic root, the ascending aorta, and the volume of the aortic root were retrospectively assessed and a comparison was made between patients with severe tricuspid AS and controls. Patients with tricuspid AS in comparison with controls had smaller dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva resulting in reduction of the aortic root volume, whereas the dimensions of the other structures were comparable. MSCT revealed larger annular, LVOT and the sinus of Valsalva dimensions and the aortic root volume in men than women. Men with AS differed from healthy men only in regard to the dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva, while women showed significant differences also in the LVOT, and the aortic annulus. MSCT showed accurately aortic root remodeling in tricuspid AS patients and indentified sex-dependent differences. Women with tricuspid AS differ from healthy women more than men did. A high degree of the variability in the aortic root dimensions requires further careful research.
Dynamics in higher education choice: weighing one’s multiple interests in light of available programmes
Authors: Vulperhorst Jonne Pieter , van der Rijst Roeland Matthijs , Akkerman Sanne Floor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies have shown that students’ interests are decisive in making a substantiated higher education choice, yet do not indicate how students decide which interests they aim to pursue. This study aimed to find the considerations students have when weighing interests and higher education programmes. Thematic analysis was applied to uncover considerations based on semi-structured interviews with 20 Dutch high-school seniors. Students weighed their interests from an interest-to-programme perspective (contrasting interests and deciding which is most important for their future) and from a programme-to-interest perspective (evaluating how possible programmes reconcile with one’s interests). By applying both perspectives simultaneously, students dynamically considered which programmes and interests they wished to pursue. These findings imply that higher education choice theory and studies should acknowledge that the programmes and interests students consider are dependent on the feed forward of the considered interests on programmes and the feed back of considered programmes on interests.
Register and Layout in Epistolary Judeo-Arabic
Authors: Wagner Esther-Miriam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medieval letters from the Cairo Geniza can be broadly classified into private, official, or mercantile correspondence, and all use particular linguistic registers. Official correspondence, for example, shows abundant code switching into Hebrew and the employment of high-style versus lower-style prose. Mercantile letters actively avoid Hebrew and emulate supraconfessional Arabic writing standards. Private letters typically display more colloquial and less standardized forms than other genres and are more often written in crude handwriting. Among these private letters, we find one written by or for women that share common features of colloquiality and less standardization even when they are transcribed by male scribes. Linguistic registers are also influenced by the time and place in which they are written, and comparing Geniza letters from different areas and time periods exposes geographic and chronological characteristics. For example, North African letters tend to be linguistically more conservative, and Babylonian and Egyptian letters show differences in layout and style. Throughout the medieval period, orthographic, grammatical, lexical, and stylistic changes in the letters reflect social and economic evolution over time. The principal trend is a distinct move away from prescriptive Arabic linguistic norms from the late twelfth century on.
Impact of nanoparticle magnetization on the 3D formation of dual-phase Ni/NiO nanoparticle-based nanotrusses
Authors: Ekeroth Sebastian , Ikeda Shuga , Boyd Robert , Münger Peter , Shimizu Tetsuhide , Helmersson Ulf 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles with average size 30 nm were utilized to build three-dimensional framework structures—nanotrusses. In dual-phase Ni/NiO nanoparticles, there is a strong correlation between the amount of magnetic Ni and the final size and shape of the nanotruss. As it decreases, the length of the individual nanowires within the trusses also decreases, caused by a higher degree of branching of the wires. The position and orientation of the non-magnetic material within the truss structure was also investigated for the different phase compositions. For lower concentrations of NiO phase, the electrically conducting Ni-wire framework is maintained through the preferential bonding between the Ni crystals. For larger concentrations of NiO phase, the Ni-wire framework is interrupted by the NiO. The ability to use nanoparticles that are only partly oxidized in the growth of nanotruss structures is of great importance. It opens the possibility for using not only magnetic metals such as pure Ni, Fe, and Co, but also to use dual-phase nanoparticles that can strongly increase the efficiency of e.g. catalytic electrodes and fuel cells.