bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of dentists in offering dental treatment to pregnant women in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional survey
Authors: AlShurman Bara' Abdallah , Khader Yousef Saleh , Batieha Anwar , Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Odat Abd-Albaset , Alyahya Mohammad , Dawoud Mourad , AlShurman Maria A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough international guidelines emphasized that pregnant patients should receive proper dental treatment, many dentists are still hesitant to do so. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dentists towards offering dental treatment to pregnant women in Jordan.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to 1000 dentists using social-media applications between August and October, 2019. The survey consisted of three sections; dentists’ knowledge about the association between oral diseases and pregnancy, their participation in training courses, and their practices regarding various dental treatments during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were obtained and Chi-square tests were used to measure the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practices variables. Significance was considered at P-value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 547 (54.7%) responded to the questionnaire. Only (37.5%) agreed that periodontal diseases might increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Almost (75.9%) did not attend any training program. The 2nd trimester was the most preferable time to do all dental procedures. There was a tendency to perform scaling and fillings especially in the 2nd trimester (82.4%), (86.1%) respectively. The majority of dentists would feel comfortable to do RCT (72.0%) or extraction (60.0%) in the 2nd trimester, whereas greater caution was apparent on 1st and 3rd trimester. A proportion of (32.5%) thought that taking x-rays during pregnancy was contraindicated. About (53.7%) didn’t know about the safety to administer nitrous oxide sedation during pregnancy. Around (75.9%) refused to prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to pregnant women. By far, paracetamol was the drug of choice (96.9%) to prescribe as an analgesic and amoxicillin as an antibiotic (89.2%).ConclusionLack of knowledge, poor attitude and incorrect practices were observed among surveyed dentists with regards to management of pregnant women. Thus, further education courses about international guidelines are needed to correct the common misconceptions and negative attitudes and practices of dentists in treating pregnant women.
Design principles that protect the proteasome from self-destruction
Authors: Gautam Amit Kumar Singh , Yu Houqing , Yellman Christopher , Elcock Adrian , Matouschek Andreas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The proteasome establishes protein homeostasis by selectively degrading cellular proteins. There are two main prerequisites for a protein to be selected for proteasomal degradation: a ubiquitin tag covalently attached to the protein and a disordered region within the protein. The ubiquitin tag localizes the protein to the proteasome, which then engages it at the disordered region to feed it into the proteolytic particle for degradation. Here we ask how the proteasome avoids the degradation of its own subunits, which are by definition localized to the proteasome, and thus ensures the integrity of this essential proteolytic machine. We found that though many proteasomal subunits have disordered tails, these tails are composed of amino acid sequences that escape recognition by the proteasome, even when they are not able to reach the translocation channel.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy assisted by LithoClast master in one-phase treatment for staghorn renal stones with refractory infections
Authors: Tang Hai-Xiao , Wu Di , Shi Bo-Wen , Dai Ze-Hao , Huang Yun-Teng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Infectious staghorn renal stones are usually treated with one-phase for percutaneous puncture and drainage, and then two-phase for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCNL assisted by LithoClast master (the fifth-generation Electro Medical Systems, EMS) in one-phase treatment for staghorn renal stones with refractory infections.Methods: From September 2017 to September 2019, 80 patients with staghorn renal stones who underwent one-phase for PCNL combined with the fifth-generation EMS in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether patients with staghorn renal stones were complicated with refractory infections or not before operation, they were divided into A group (48 cases with refractory infections) and B group (32 cases without infections). In A group, refractory infections were properly controlled with sensitive antibiotics before operation. The efficacy and safety of treatment for two groups were compared.Results: Before taking sensitive antibiotics in A group, there was statistical difference in the location of stones between the two groups (P＜0.05), while there were no statistical significances in other general clinical data between the two groups (P＞0.05). Although there were statistical differences in the increase rate of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin on the first day after operation between the two groups (P＜0.05), there were no statistical differences in operation time, hospitalization time, hemoglobin, stone-free rate, Clavien-Dindo grade I complications, Clavien-Dindo grade II and above complications between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions: For staghorn renal stones with refractory infections, based on the application of sensitive antibiotics before operation to properly control refractory infections, PCNL assisted by the fifth-generation EMS in one-phase can efficiently remove staghorn renal stones, without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. In the medical center with mature technical conditions and rich experience, staghorn renal stones with refractory infections can be selected carefully to carry out one-phase operation.
A Case Report of Yolk Sac Tumor in Cerebellar Hemisphere and Review of Literature
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Li Lusheng , He Ling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Yolk sac tumor also known as endodermal sinus tumor, is a rare intracranial germ cell tumor. We reported a case of yolk sac tumor in cerebellar hemisphere, and reviewed associated literatures. The majority of tumor locations are near the midline. On review of literature, very few case reports of intracranial yolk sac tumor have been published, and there is only one case report has described a yolk sac tumor arising from the cerebellum. Case presentation: A two years old boy admitted to our hospital due to headache and unsteady gait for six days. CT and MRI demonstrated a tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere, and the blood and cerebrospinal fluid alpha-fetoprotein were found increased. It was diagnosed as yolk sac tumor after operation comfirmed by histopathological examination. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed, and the patient suffered no tumor recurrence one year and a half after the surgery. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics and imaging diagnosis of intracranial yolk sac tumor are lack of specificity, the comfirmed diagnosis is depending on the combination of elevated alpha-fetoprotein and histopathological examination.
Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with diabetes: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Chen-Yi , Wu Chun-Ying , Li Chung-Pin , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Lin Yi-Hsian , Chang Yun-Ting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Higher bullous pemphigoid (BP) risk has been reported to be associated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i). However, large-scale studies to investigate the association between BP and DPP4i treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to examine the association between BP risk and DPP4i treatment in diabetes patients.
Methods

We conducted a nationwide cohort study based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2015. 124,619 diabetic patients who were receiving DPP4i therapy were matched 1: 1 with diabetic patients who had never received DPP4i by age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin usage, and propensity score-matching of comorbidities.
Results

Of the 124,619 diabetes patients in the two groups, the mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 52.4 ± 10.9 years, with a mean duration of diabetes of 6.0 ± 3.9 years. After adjusting for competing mortality risk, the 6-year cumulative incidence of BP in the DPP4i-treated cohort was significantly higher than that in the non-DPP4i group (0.74 per 1000; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–1.05 vs 0.38 per 1000; 95% CI: 0.26–0.53, P = .001). The DPP4i and insulin-treated group had the highest 6-year cumulative incidence for BP (0.93; 95% CI: 0.54–1.54 per 1000). Modified Cox regression analysis revealed that DPP4i treatment (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.18–3.91, P = 0.01), age (HR: 1.06, P < .001), renal disease (HR: 2.32, P < .001), and metformin user (HR: 1.93, P = 0.006) were associated with increased BP risk.
Conclusion

DPP4i users had a 2.2-fold increase in the risk of BP, and the risk was the highest in those with concomitant use of DPP4i and insulin. The use of DPP4is as anti-diabetic medications must be monitored carefully and may be replaced by other anti-diabetic medications in BP patients.
Ulcerative Colitis Developed in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Aydin Muhammet Fatih , Tasdemir Hamit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pneumonia is a widespread viral disease, which affects all the world and has been accepted as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus can remain in the stool for certain time even after recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia in some infected patients. Studies increasingly report involvement of other organs including gastrointestinal system in addition to respiratory symptoms in COVID-19. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with unknown cause. Emerging data suggest that gastrointestinal system may also be influenced by COVID-19 based via the expression of ACE-2. However, data abour the association of COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis are lacking. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a case of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in a 50-year-old male patient who presented with the complaints of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain following the completion of the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion: Patients presenting with gastrointestnal complaints should also be evaluated for COVID-19.
Prediction of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Phenomena of Nanofluids in Corrugated Annulus
Authors: Aljobair Sattar , Mohammed Akeel Abdullah , Alesbe Israa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristic of water based Al2O3 nano-fluids in a symmetrical and unsymmetrical corrugated annulus enclosure has been studied numerically using CFD. The inner cylinder is heated isothermally while the outer cylinder is kept constant cold temperature. The study includes eight models of corrugated annulus enclosure with constant aspect ratio of 1.5. The governing equations of fluid motion and heat transfer are solved using stream-vorticity formulation in curvilinear coordinates. The range of solid volume fractions of nanoparticles extends from PHI=0 to 0.25, and Rayleigh number varies from 104 to 107. Streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number of inner and outer cylinder has been investigated in this study. Sixty-four correlations have been deduced for the average Nusselt number for the inner and outer cylinders as a function of Rayleigh number have been deduced for eight models and five values of volume fraction of nano particles with an accuracy range 6-12 %. The results show that, the average heat transfer rate increases significantly as particle volume fraction and Rayleigh number increase. Also, increase the number of undulations in unsymmetrical annuli reduces the heat transfer rates which remain higher than that in symmetrical annuli. There is no remarkable change in isotherms contour with increase of volume fraction of nanofluid.
Psychosocial Distress and Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials as Correlates of Sexual Intercourse among Adolescents in Dodoma–Tanzania
Authors: Hussein Abdalla , Ismail Abbas , Malero Augustine , Dadi Habibu , Charles James , Sando Mery , Fawzi Wafaei , Vuai Said 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescents’ sexuality is topical in public health discussions owing to its ability to increase the risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Research shows that adolescents’ sexual behavior, psychosocial distress, and exposure to sexually explicit material(SEM) are interconnected in that they need collective health interventions for adolescents. Although mental health factors, such as psychological distress, are common in developing and middle-income countries, including Tanzania, these factors are less considered in HIV research. Thus, there is a need to raise awareness on the role of mental health factors in HIV epidemic. This study is, therefore, a response to this requirement by examining the contribution of psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials on sexual intercourse among adolescents in Dodoma Region of Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five villages of Chamwino District from April to June 2017 among 1,226 adolescents of 10-19 years’ age. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A weighted logistic regression model was used to examine the independent contribution of psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials on sexual intercourse while accounting for study design.Results: The overall lifetime prevalence of adolescent sexuality was 20.38%. The prevalence was observed to be higher among males (32.15%) as compared to females (10.92%). Adolescent sexuality was significantly associated with both psychosocial distress and exposure to sexually explicit materials. The odds ratios showed that adolescents reported psychosocially distressed (AOR=1.61, 95 %CI: 1.32- 1.96) and those exposed to sexually explicit materials (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 3.65- 4.97) were at higher risk of having sexual intercourse. Other variables associated with sexual intercourse were age, sex, alcohol use, and current schooling status.Conclusion: The analysis made through this study came to the conclusion that as HIV risk continues to be a serious concern among adolescents, adolescent sexuality, psychosocial distress, and exposure to sexually explicit materials are interconnected. This calls for upfront interventions on school health education and services, particularly on the ventures to lower psychosocial distress and avert exposure on sexually explicit materials to prevent the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Enhancement of Enduracidin Accumulation from Sweet Sorghum Juice via Alleviation of Oxidative Damage in Streptomyces Fungicidicus M30
Authors: Liu Lu , Hu Wei , Chen Jihong , Li Wenjian , Zhou Libin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sweet sorghum juice is the preferred feedstock for enduracidin production, but the fermentation efficiency still need to be further enhanced. Oxygen-mediated microbial cell damage is an effective way to boost cell growth and metabolite accumulation in aerobic fermentation. However, this strategy on enduracidin production from sweet sorghum juice has not been reported yet. Results: In this study, enduracidin production titer was significantly enhanced when 90 mM Vitamin C was added at 4 d of fermentation. The enhanced T-AOC and antioxidant enzyme activities may help to further understand the mechanism of Vitamin C effect on regulation of enduracidin accumulation in S. fungicidicus M30. The effects of chemical preservative methyl paraben on cell growth and enduracidin production were also evaluated, and 0.04 g/L of methyl paraben had no significant inhibitory effect on cell growth and enduracidin production, indicating that the concentrated sweet sorghum juice assisted by methyl paraben for a long-term storage can be used as the substrate for enduracidin production effectively. Finally, based on the group with 0.04 g/L of methyl paraben and 90 mM Vitamin C, a final enduracidin concentration of 1.14 g/L was achieved from clarificated sweet sorghum juice by M30 strain. Conclusions: This work provided a promising strategy to enhance enduracidin production using sweet sorghum juice via adding the antioxidant to boost antioxidant capacity in S. fungicidicus.
MRI-derived neurovascular compression score provides the indication of surgical treatment of patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia: A validated multi-center study
Authors: Shen Jian , Zhou Wenli , Shen Weiqiang , Zhang Huimei , Hu Xianfang , Lin Wei , Gu Xiaoli , Hu Hongjie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The radiological assessment of neurovascular compression (NVC) is various regarding MRI techniques and assessing methods in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and the false-positive rate of MRI findings is not low. Better MRI techniques with the NVC assessing method are warranted to be determined. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic performance of 3D TOF MRA and 3D Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition (FIESTA) with a novel NVC scoring system in TN patients.
Methods

Patients with confirmed TN who underwent MRI studies before microvascular decompression (MVD) were retrospectively included into the study. A new NVC scoring system based on the contact relationship of the trigeminal nerve and the vessel was performed to assess the NVC in the symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic side. The radiological finding was correlated with the intraoperative result to figure out the diagnostic accuracy of MRI techniques. Besides, the comparison of both sides was performed to determine the radiological indicator of MVD.
Results

Seventy-three TN patients were recruited, and 146 trigeminal nerve sides were analyzed. For the symptomatic sides, 69 patients had surgically confirmed offending vessels, most of which was SCA, and the positive NVC rate was 95.5%. For the contralateral side, 33 patients have been found with NVC on MRI. The NVC score of the symptomatic side was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic sides (6.7 vs. 1.6; p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value in predicting trigeminal neuralgia was found as NVC > 4 with sensitivity and specificity of 82.2% and 98.6%, respectively.
Conclusion

3D-TOF MRA and FIESTA enable a good diagnostic performance of NVC, and NVC score > 4 was identified to predict trigeminal neuralgia, suggestive of subsequent surgical treatment.
Trial registration:

The study has been retrospectively registered at the local ethical Institution Review Board (IRB) of Huzhou Central Hospital and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital with the IRB number (20181108-01; Huzhou) and (20200423-43; SRRSH).
Further placental pathology in mild COVID-19 of term pregnancy with pathophysiological correlates
Authors: Konstantinidou Anastasia E. , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Tsakris Athanasios , Spanakis Nikolaos E. , Syridou Garyfallia , Pergaris Alexandros , Kapsabeli Eleni , Sideri Vassiliki , Daskalaki Anna , Kalantaridou Sophia N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Placental pathology related to SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy is under investigation, with emerging but still limited and variable data, mainly including changes of fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion. We observed novel pathological findings not previously reported in two term placentas delivered from women mildly affected with COVID-19, with a 2-day and 6-day interval between the onset of symptoms and delivery. The main changes involved the maternal more than the fetal components of the placenta and included a tendency toward thrombosis and fibrin formation, and mild maternal malperfusion. We further observed fibrin degeneration in the intervillous space, the presence of particles of undetermined origin, and mild or moderate maternal decidual inflammatory exudates consisting of monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and plasmacytes. Mild inflammation and incipient mural thrombus formation were noted in the fetal vasculature, as well as endothelial vacuolation of the umbilical vessels, not previously described. The maternal changes were more prominent in the case with a relatively longer clinical manifestation-to-delivery interval, and were associated to a prolonged postpartum maternal viral carriage of 30 days and the development of a low-grade febrile response in the neonate. Both infants showed mild morbidity but eventually had a very good outcome. RT-PCR was negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in both cases.We concluded that placental involvement in mild COVID-19 of very short duration at term pregnancy suggested the systemic nature of the disease and appeared related to, though not pathognomonic of COVID-19. Fetoplacental vascular changes and endothelial vacuolation associated with mild neonatal morbidity may suggest a possible transplacental impact on the fetus, to be further investigated.
Genetic variation in PTX3 is associated with susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Xiao Yingqi , Bu Shiyi , Tang Tiantian , Zeng Qiaojun , Huang Biru , Dai Yumeng , Wei Zixin , Huang Linjie , Jiang Shanping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence indicates that single nucleoid polymorphisms (SNPs) of key molecules in innate immunity are related to clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a member of the acute-phase reactants superfamily and plays an important role against various diseases. The purpose of the current study was to assess the association between PTX 3 SNP and the risk of CAP.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study. Patients who were diagnosed with CAP between January 2018 to December 2019 in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included as CAP group. Then CAP cases were matched 1:1 by gender with non-infectious hospitalized patients during the same time. We detected the genotypes, allele frequencies and haplotype distributions of three SNPs within PTX3 gene (rs2305619, rs3816527, and rs1840680) by polymerase chain reaction sequencing in CAP group and control group, and compared their associations with the risk of CAP.ResultsThree SNPs in both groups were consist with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pair of rs2305619, rs3816527 and rs1840680 (|D’|≥0.85). There were no differences of rs2305619 and rs3816527 in genotypic distribution and haplotype frequency between CAP group and control group. However, we identified that SNP rs1840680 AA homozygote was associated with a lower risk of CAP in adults (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91; p = 0.03).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that PTX3 single nucleoid polymorphism was associated with the risk of CAP in adults.