bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baloxavir treatment of oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A/H1pdm09 in two immunocompromised patients
Authors: Macesic Nenad , Laplante Jennifer M. , Aaron Justin G. , DiMango Emily A. , Miko Benjamin A. , Pereira Marcus R. , Reshef Ran , St. George Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFew treatment options are available for oseltamivir‐resistant influenza. It has been proposed that baloxavir can be effective in this setting due to its distinct mechanism of action but clinical experience is lacking for immunocompromised patients. We report two such cases treated with baloxavir after failure of oseltamivir and detection of oseltamivir resistance mutations. Baloxavir/zanamivir combination therapy was effective in one patient, but persistent viral shedding was noted with baloxavir monotherapy in the other patient.
Histone H3K4 methyltransferases SDG25 and ATX1 maintain heat‐stress gene expression during recovery in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Ze‐Ting , Zhang Lin‐Lin , Han Jia‐Jia , Zhou Ming , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPlants have short‐term stress memory that enables them to maintain the expression state of a substantial subset of heat‐inducible genes during stress recovery after heat stress. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling stress‐responsive gene expression at the recovery stage in plants, however. In this article, we demonstrate that histone H3K4 methyltransferases SDG25 and ATX1 are required for heat‐stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. SDG25 and ATX1 are not only important for stress‐responsive gene expression during heat stress, but also for maintaining stress‐responsive gene expression during stress recovery. A combination of whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA‐sequencing and ChIP‐qPCR demonstrated that mutations of SDG25 and ATX1 decrease histone H3K4me3 levels, increase DNA cytosine methylation and inhibit the expression of a subset of heat stress‐responsive genes during stress recovery in Arabidopsis. ChIP‐qPCR results confirm that ATX1 binds to chromatins associated with these target genes. Our results reveal that histone H3K4me3 affects DNA methylation at regions in the loci associated with heat stress‐responsive gene expression during stress recovery, providing insights into heat‐stress transcriptional memory in plants.
Ligand–receptor interactions in plant hormone signaling
Authors: Takeuchi Jun , Fukui Kosuke , Seto Yoshiya , Takaoka Yousuke , Okamoto Masanori 
Published: December 2020

SummarySmall‐molecule plant hormones principally control plant growth, development, differentiation, and environmental responses. Nine types of plant hormones are ubiquitous in angiosperms, and the molecular mechanisms of their hormone actions have been elucidated during the last two decades by genomic decoding of model plants with genetic mutants. In particular, the discovery of hormone receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of signal transduction systems. The three‐dimensional structure of the ligand–receptor complex has been determined for eight of the nine hormones by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, and ligand perception mechanisms have been revealed at the atomic level. Collective research has revealed the molecular function of plant hormones that act as either molecular glue or an allosteric regulator for activation of receptors. In this review, we present an overview of the respective hormone signal transduction and describe the structural bases of ligand–receptor interactions.
Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions
Authors: Sousa Rejane S. , Minervino Antonio H. H. , Oliveira Francisco Leonardo C. , Araújo Carolina Akiko Sato C. , Rodrigues Frederico Augusto M. L. , Zaminhan Janayna Larissa R. , Vale Rodolfo G. , Tavares Marcondes D. , Mori Clara S. , de Paula Valéria V. , Ortolani Enrico L. , Barrêto Júnior Raimundo A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemotherapy in ruminants is limited to whole blood transfusions, sometimes with stored blood for up to 42 days, but little attention has been given to the effect of blood storage times and recipient responses after transfusions.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the hematologic and serum biochemical effects after allogeneic blood transfusion with either fresh or stored blood in sheep. We also sought to examine hematologic and biochemical analyte changes in the store blood.MethodsEighteen sheep underwent a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of their blood volume. The sheep were divided into three experimental groups, G0, G15, and G35, which included six animals, each receiving 20 mL/kg of either fresh blood or blood stored in citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (CPDA‐1) bags for 15 and 35 days, respectively. Biochemical, hematologic, coagulation, blood gas, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress test evaluations were performed using the blood samples gathered at T0 (before transfusion), 30 minutes (T30m), 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours (T6h‐T96h), 8 days (T8d), and 16 days (T16d) after transfusions.ResultsSheep exhibited increases in packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts, and total hemoglobin concentrations at T30m (P < .05). G35 animals had greater plasma hemoglobin concentrations at T12h and decreased blood pH values at T6h, characterized by slight metabolic acidemia. Regarding oxidative stress, G35 animals had decreased catalase activities from T0 at T30m, T6h, T12h, and T24h, indicating that hemolysis had occurred, which was supported by concomitant increases in bilirubin.ConclusionsSheep transfused with 35‐day stored blood exhibited greater hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative alterations; however, anemic animals without comorbidities effectively reversed those alterations.
A microfluidic analysis of thrombus formation in reconstituted whole blood samples comparing spray‐dried plasma versus fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Bercovitz Rachel S. , Drew Caleb S. , Bushee Chana L. , Popovsky Mark A. , Friedman Kenneth D. , Anani Waseem Q. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPrompt resuscitation with plasma and other blood products reduces trauma‐related morbidity and mortality. Standard storage and preparation techniques for frozen plasma limit its utility in the pre‐hospital setting. Plasma can be dehydrated using hot air (spray‐dried plasma), stored at room temperature and rehydrated quickly for use. The spray‐dry process decreases high‐molecular‐weight multimers of von Willebrand factor compared with conventional plasma. The objective of this study was to compare platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in a microfluidic perfusion assay facilitated by spray‐dried compared with frozen plasma using a non‐inferiority design.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood was centrifuged to obtain red cell concentrate, and a platelet pellet that was suspended in either spray‐dried or frozen plasma to create recombined whole blood. Platelets were fluorescently labelled, and samples were flowed through a collagen‐coated microchannel. Surface area coverage by platelets and thrombi was analysed and compared between each spray‐dried and frozen plasma pair.ResultsCompared with whole blood samples containing frozen plasma, samples with spray‐dried plasma had similar surface area coverage of platelets and thrombi after 180 s of flow. Even when diluted with von Willebrand factor‐free plasma, there was no reduction thrombus formation.ConclusionSpray‐dried plasma is not inferior in supporting haemostasis compared with fresh frozen plasma in a paired analysis. It offers advantages with respect to portability and ease of preparation over frozen plasma in the pre‐hospital setting. This study supports development of clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of spray‐dried plasma in trauma patients.
Amotosalen and ultraviolet A light treatment efficiently inactivates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in human plasma
Authors: Azhar Esam I. , Hindawi Salwa I. , El‐Kafrawy Sherif A. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Tolah Ahmed M. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Bajrai Leena H. , Damanhouri Ghazi A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesDuring the ongoing pandemic of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in plasma and platelet products from asymptomatic blood donors, raising concerns about potential risk of transfusion transmission, also in the context of the current therapeutic approach utilizing plasma from convalescent donors. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of amotosalen/UVA light treatment to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2 in human plasma to reduce the risk of potential transmission through blood transfusion.MethodsPools of three whole‐blood‐derived human plasma units (630–650 ml) were inoculated with a clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 isolate. Spiked units were treated with amotosalen/UVA light (INTERCEPT Blood System™) to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2. Infectious titres and genomic viral load were assessed by plaque assay and real‐time quantitative PCR. Inactivated samples were subject to three successive passages on permissive tissue culture to exclude the presence of replication‐competent viral particles.ResultsInactivation of infectious viral particles in spiked plasma units below the limit of detection was achieved by amotosalen/UVA light treatment with a mean log reduction of >3·32 ± 0·2. Passaging of inactivated samples on permissive tissue showed no viral replication even after 9 days of incubation and three passages, confirming complete inactivation. The treatment also inhibited NAT detection by nucleic acid modification with a mean log reduction of 2·92 ± 0·87 PFU genomic equivalents.ConclusionAmotosalen/UVA light treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 spiked human plasma units efficiently and completely inactivated >3·32 ± 0·2 log of SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity, showing that such treatment could minimize the risk of transfusion‐related SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.
An economic reappraisal of hepatitis B virus testing strategy for blood donors in Taiwan
Authors: Matanhire Tapiwa Blessing , Lin Shi‐Woei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesTaiwan is among the few hepatitis B virus (HBV) high‐endemic countries that implement universal mini‐pool nucleic acid testing (MP‐NAT) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing together with confirmatory individual donor nucleic acid testing (ID‐NAT) for its blood supply since 2013. The aim of this study was to reappraise the value of HBsAg test in Taiwan’s HBV testing strategy.Materials and methodsA Markov model was constructed, and cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted in order to reappraise the existing HBV screening strategy in Taiwan.ResultsThe incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the current testing strategy in Taiwan was estimated to be $US 443 154 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained. This is almost six times the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold that reflects local preferences.ConclusionUniversal HBsAg and MP‐8‐NAT together with confirmatory ID‐NAT testing prevents a significant amount of HBV infections from entering the Taiwan blood supply. However, this comes at a disproportionate increase in cost.
A Particle Filter and Long Short-Term Memory Fusion Technique for Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Hu Xiaosong , Yang Xin , Feng Fei , Liu Kailong , Lin Xianke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries can improve the durability, reliability, and maintainability of battery system operation in electric vehicles. To achieve high-accuracy RUL predictions, it is necessary to develop an effective method for long-term nonlinear degradation prediction and quantify the uncertainty of the prediction results. To this end, this paper proposes a hybrid approach for lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on particle filter (PF) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. First, based on the training set, the model parameters are iteratively updated using the PF algorithm. Second, the LSTM model parameters are obtained using the training set. The mean and standard deviation in the prediction stage are obtained through Monte Carlo (MC) dropout. Finally, the mean value predicted by MC-dropout is used as the measurement for the PF in the prediction phase, the standard deviation represents the uncertainty of the prediction result, and the mean and standard deviation are integrated into the measurement equation of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid approach has better prediction accuracy than the PF, LSTM algorithm, and two other types of hybrid approaches. The hybrid approach can obtain a narrower confidence interval.
Optimal Design for Energy Harvesting Vibration Absorbers
Authors: Wang Jiqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Energy harvesting vibration absorbers (EHVAs) represent a novel type of vibration absorbers where the dissipated energy is harnessed in the absorber system. Conventional optimization-based methods can be utilized for optimal design of EHVAs, but this usually involves in iterative design procedures, particularly for approaching performance limits. In this note, a visualization technique is proposed. The problem of existence and uniqueness solutions is addressed; the intimate relationship between energy harvesting and vibration suppression performances is disclosed; and the fundamental issue of determining performance limit with this visualized method is solved. These features form solid contributions of the current proposal over those optimization-based design methods. The corresponding design procedures are illustrated and the claims are further validated through real-time simulations to the optimal design of EHVAs.
Reducing Diffusion-Induced Stress of Bilayer Electrode System by Introducing Pre-Strain in Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Hao Wenqian , Xie Jiamiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium-ion battery (LIB), as energy storage devices, is widely used in portable electronic devices and have promising applications in electric vehicles. The volume change and large stress can lead to electrode pulverization and the resultant loss of electrical contact from the current collector, which is considered to be one of the main reasons for the capacity degradation of LIB. To reduce diffusion-induced stress of the electrode system during lithium-ion diffusion, a chemo-mechanical coupled theoretical model of bilayer electrode system of electrode layer bonded to the current collector is established. The theoretical results show that diffusion-induced stresses at the electrode–collector interface and maximum tensile stress at the top surface of the electrode layer are alleviated greatly by introducing pre-strain. The effects of pre-strain and lithium-ion concentration on chemo-mechanical coupled behavior of the bilayer electrode system are discussed. In particular, the lithium-ion concentration difference strongly depends on the diffusion thickness and time. The curvature when considering plastic deformation is smaller than that when not considering the plastic deformation. In addition, the effects of plastic deformation of the current collector and diffusion time on biaxial stress distribution are also discussed. The biaxial stress decreases with the increase of pre-strain and decrease of dimensionless time during galvanostatic charging. The biaxial stress when considering plastic deformation is smaller than that when not considering the plastic deformation. The results obtained from this investigation will provide a reference to reduce the diffusion-induced stress and improve the ion diffusion performance of LIB.
The Anisotropic Homogenized Model for Pouch Type Lithium-Ion Battery Under Various Abuse Loadings
Authors: Wang Huacui , Duan Xudong , Liu Binghe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pouch type lithium-ion battery (LIB) has now been widely used in electric vehicles, smartphones, and computers. Mechanical abuse is one of the main reasons to cause the safety issues for lithium-ion battery. The highly accurate and efficient computational model is helpful for the safety design, application, and analysis of LIB. The previous homogenized mechanical models of the pouch LIB use different material parameters for various loading conditions. Herein, we establish an anisotropic homogenized method to predict the mechanical behavior in in-plane and out-of-plane directions simultaneously. Engineering constants and Hill's 48 criteria are used for the anisotropic properties, and bilinear plastic model is used as the hardening curve under large deformation. On the basis of this method, we established two homogenized models, i.e., one-layer model and multilayer model. Experiments in various loading conditions including three-point bending (length direction and width direction), out-of-plane compression, and in-plane compression (length direction and width direction) are conducted for parameters calibration. The calibration methods are then discussed and confirmed through these experiments. The computational models show good correlation with experiments in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The difference is that the global buckling behavior can be predicted by both of the two models, while the local buckling can be predicted only by the multilayer model. The results may shield light on the safety design, application, and analysis for pouch LIB.
Approximations for Steady Unidirectional Slip Flows in Elliptic Microchannels
Authors: Keady Grant 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Consider steady flows in a channel whose cross section Ω is an ellipse, flows with the Navier slip boundary condition. Denote the volume flow rate by Q. We apply to elliptic cross section a recent simple approximation, a rigorous lower bound R on Q, requiring, along with the channel's area and perimeter, the calculation of just the torsional rigidity and two other domain functionals. This avoids the need for solving the partial differential equation repeatedly for differing values of the slip parameter.
Effects of Onshore and Offshore Environmental Parameters on the Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shankar Verma Amrit , Jiang Zhiyu , Ren Zhengru , Hu Weifei , Teuwen Julie J. E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The presence of rain-induced leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades (WTBs) necessitates the development of erosion models. One of the essential parameters for erosion modeling is the relative impact velocity between rain droplets and the rotating blade. Based on this parameter, the erosion damage rate of a WTB is calculated to estimate the expected leading edge lifetime. The environmental conditions that govern this parameter have site-specific variations, and thus, rain and wind loading on a turbine differ for onshore and offshore locations. In addition, there are wave loads present in the offshore environment. The present paper tries to provide guidelines for erosion modeling and investigates whether there are differences in erosion of blades due to (1) varying rainfall conditions modeled using different droplet size distributions for onshore and offshore locations in combination with (2) winds of varying turbulence intensities and (3) wave-induced loads. Aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations are carried out for an onshore wind turbine (WT) and a monopile-supported offshore WT. Furthermore, erosion variables such as the relative impact velocities and the associated erosion damage rate of a blade are analyzed for various blade azimuth angles. The study shows that the rainfall intensity and turbulence intensity minorly influence the impact velocity and pressure but have a substantial effect on the overall erosion damage rate. Additionally, a significantly higher erosion damage rate is found for blades exposed to offshore rainfall conditions than for blades under onshore rainfall conditions. Furthermore, no substantial influence on erosion is found because of wave-induced loads.
Modal Analysis of Wake Behind Stationary and Vibrating Cylinders
Authors: Janocha Marek Jan , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are used to analyze the coherent structures of turbulent flow around vibrating isolated and piggyback cylinders configurations subjected to a uniform flow at a laminar Reynolds number (Re = 200) and a upper transition Reynolds number (Re = 3.6 × 106). Numerical simulations using two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach with the k − ω shear stress transport turbulence model are used to obtain the flow fields snapshots for the analysis. The wake flows behind the cylinders are decomposed into energy optimal modes (POD modes) and dynamical relevant modes (DMD modes). A reduced-order model (ROM) for the flow is built based on the modal analysis. A comparison of POD and DMD is performed to characterize their special features. The present study provides new insights into the flow physics of fluid–structure interaction problem of two coupled cylinders. The characteristic vortex shedding frequencies and their harmonics are identified by DMD modes in all the investigated configurations. It is observed that for single cylinder configurations, the most energetic and the most dynamically important mode is associated with the fundamental shedding frequency. For the stationary piggyback configuration, the gap flow between the cylinders appears to be a dominant flow feature as evidenced by the leading DMD modes. The cylinder vibration increases significantly number of modes necessary to obtain a ROM at the given level of accuracy compared to respective stationary configurations.
Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow Through an Orifice Plate in a Pipe
Authors: Yin Guang , Nitter Bjørnar , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Orifice flowmeters are widely used in industries to measure the flowrate in pipelines. The flowrate inside the pipe can be calculated using the relationship between the flow velocity and the pressure drop across the orifice plate. In the present study, numerical simulations have been carried out using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k–ω shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model to thoroughly investigate the turbulent flow through a circular square-edged orifice with various orifice plate thicknesses and orifice diameters inside a pipe at different Reynolds numbers ranging from 2500 to 40,000. The orifice thickness to pipe diameter ratio (t) varies between 0.125 and 2, and the orifice diameter to pipe diameter (β) varies between 0.25 and 0.75. The resulting centerline profiles of the streamwise velocity and pressure of the present study are compared with the previous published numerical results and experimental data as the validation study. The effects of Reynolds numbers and orifice geometries on the pressure, the flow velocity, and vorticity distribution in the orifice are discussed in detail. It is found that for the fixed β, the discharge coefficient increases with the increasing t, and the vortical structure inside the orifice is separated into two regions located at the two edges of the orifice. For the fixed t, the size of the large recirculation motions behind the plate increases, and the vorticity around the plate becomes stronger with the decreasing β.