bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of distance between coils with current on the effect of cascade plasma heating in flows injected from the QSPA
Authors: Kozlov A N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Research of the interaction of high-speed dense plasma flows generated by the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator with the magnetic field of the set of ring current-carrying conductors located at different distances from each other is presented. The study was based on the model of radiation magnetic gas dynamics, taking into account electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and radiation transport. It was found that a decrease in the distance between the coils with a current leads to the disappearance of the effect of step-by-step or cascade transformation of kinetic energy into thermal energy of the plasma.
Vortex structure identification for supersonic flows
Authors: Borisov V E , Davydov A A , Konstantinovskaya T V , Lutsky A E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work is devoted to the application of vortex structure identification methods for two counter-rotating wingtip vortices in a supersonic flow. The λ2 criterion and the method of maximum vorticity were used for detection vortex core lines and visualization of vortex sheet and rope. Computational model based on the URANS equations with SA turbulence model was applied. Numerical simulations were performed on the hybrid supercomputing system K-60 at the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS using the developed software package ARES for 3D turbulent flows modeling on high performance computing systems.
Emission from cooling supernova shocks in MHD simulations
Authors: Makarenko E. I. , Walch S. , Clarke S. D. , Seifried D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Each supernova (SN) injects ∼ 1051 erg into the interstellar medium (ISM). The blast wave shocks the gas and heats it up to 107 K; the gas subsequently cools by emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically, about 70% of the initially injected SN energy is lost by radiative cooling. Thus an understanding of the radiative losses is needed to understand the evolution of supernova remnants, and to allow for comparisons between simulations and observations.
We present a post-processing module for the FLASH code which calculates the cooling radiation from shock-heated gas in different energy bands. Using modern collision excitation data from MAPPINGS V, we produce maps of the SN emission at different wavelengths, allowing for a comparison to real observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and for testing observational diagnostic tools. Here, we focus on optical line emission arising from the interaction between the shock wave and dense gas of a nearby molecular cloud and on the use of optical line ratios for determining the shock parameters.
Numerical modeling of the convective Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities of astropauses
Authors: Korolkov Sergey , Izmodenov Vladislav , Alexashov Dmitry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present the numerical modeling results of the problem of the hypersonic stellar wind interaction with fully ionized interstellar medium that moves with respect to the star with supersonic speed. This is the classical problem that has been firstly studied in 1970 by Baranov et al. [1] under the thin layer approximation.
In this paper we present results of numerical solutions obtained with high spatial resolution of the numerical grid. The computations were performed by using GPU processors with high-performance parallel programming technology CUDA from NVIDIA. It is shown that the stationary solution depends only on two dimensionless parameters - Mach number in the interstellar medium, M∞, and adiabatic index, γ. The stationary solutions were obtained for different values of M∞ for low and medium resolution of the numerical grids. For the numerical grids of high spatial resolution the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability appears at the tangential discontinuities (both primary and secondary) in the tail part of interaction region. The instability is convective as it should be according to the linear analyses by Ruderman et al. [6]. We explore the instability evolution with increasing resolution of the numerical grid. Effects of the numerical scheme are also studied.
Effective Implementation of low thermal conductivity material Yttrium Stabilized Zirconium Coating on a Diesel Engine Components Fuelled with neat Waste Cooking Oil-An Assessment Study
Authors: Sangeethkumar E. , Jaikumar M. , Vijayabalan P. , Sasikumar N. , Ramanathan V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made on the consumption of neat waste cooking oil (WCO) in a thermal barrier coated (TBC) diesel engine. During the first stage of the study, the standard engine fuelled with diesel and WCO with different power outputs (25%, 50%, 75% & 100%) to measure the performance, combustion and emission parameters. In the second stage of the study, the engine components coated with 8% yttrium stabilized zirconium (8%YSZ) ceramic coat and NiCrAl bond coat using plasma spray coating. In the third stage of the study, the base engine convert to TBC mode and fuelled with diesel and neat waste cooking oil and reading were compared. From the experimental study, it came to know that, the brake thermal efficiency of uncoated diesel and WCO, 31.2%, and 25.7% were as for TBC diesel and WCO it was improved to 32.8 % and 27%. In the combustion side, the cylinder peak pressure for uncoated diesel and WCO 62 bar and 55.8 bar were as for TBC diesel and WCO improved to 63 bar and 57 bar. Further on the emission side, the CO, HC, and smoke were decreased in the TBC mode along with the penalty of increase in the NOx for both diesel and WCO. From the experimental study, the TBC mode reduces the heat flux from the combustion chamber and traps the heat inside the cylinder as an effect it reduces the ignition delay and helps to utilize highly viscous fuel like WCO in a diesel engine.
Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in an electrical machine cooling system using nanofluids
Authors: Jayakumar S. , Sreekanth M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The numerical simulation of an electric machine (E-machine) used for hybrid electric vehicle, electric vehicle, and plug-in electric vehicle is carried out to explore the impact of distinct kinds of coolants such as water and distinct nanofluids on the bracket housing cooling performance. Nanofluids are stable nanofiber and fluid particle suspensions. Recent research shows that these nanofluids have enhanced thermal conductivity and convection coefficients, are superior to pure fluid. The aim is to understand the heat transfer enhancement brought by different nanofluids. The present study suggests that the use of Ga-In-Sn (Gallium, Indium, and tin) as the coolant leads to higher efficiency of heat transfer compared to other nanofluids agents and base fluid. Results indicate increased heat transfer in the cooling of the electrical machine as shown by a significant reduction of ∼ 30% in the operating temperature when using nanofluids compared to pure fluid implementation. With superior thermal characteristics and countless advantages, nanofluids are promising to meet the cooling requirements of the machine by a reduction in thermal resistance and maximum temperature.
An Efficient Cooling Tower for a Stationary Engine
Authors: Kumar Jammu Santosh , Sekhar Pragada Chandra , Pavan Karicharla Tejo , Gobinath N , Shyam Kumar M B , Feroskhan M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cooling tower is a type of heat exchanger used to dissipate the unwanted heat from a medium into the atmosphere. A well-designed cooling tower provides prolong contact time for water with air and breaks down the water to have large surface area to promote the heat transfer rate. In the present work, an induced draft cooling tower is fabricated and used with a stationary IC Engine to minimize the overall usage of water. The performance of the tower with two different bed materials (Jute carpet & Polystyrene balls) with and without wire mesh at three different water flow rates viz., 12, 18 and 30 lpm are studied. The cooling tower parameters such as range, approach, efficiency, effectiveness, heat loss, windage losses, and evaporative losses are calculated from the experimental data. At higher flow rates, jute carpets with wire mesh provided optimal results for the parameters while at low flow rates polystyrene balls are found to provide better results. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the cooling tower increased by 67% as the flow rate increased from 12 lpm to 30 lpm with jute carpet and wire mesh, whereas the efficiency decreases as the flow rate increases with polystyrene as the bed material. Also, the similar trend is observed for the effectiveness of cooling tower.
Energy Transfer from Solar to Vehicle and Vehicle to Home using Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
Authors: Arun Noyal Doss M. , Naveen C. , Mohanraj K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper solves the problem of the requirement of energy. An idea has been portrait keeping in mind the situations when there might be some issues with renewable energies. Taking in account the application of solar panel, battery and grid the energy transmit from solar to vehicle and vehicle to home using bidirectional converter is being designed. The basic concept of our paper is to transfer the electrical power from vehicle to grid and grid to vehicle with the help of a dc-dc bidirectional converter which is connected to a three-phase inverter in order to meet the grid’s energy. The purpose of the three-phase inverter is to yield the ac source for the home appliances and emergency power use. With the help of the bidirectional dc-dc converter the battery is charged and the energy is stored within the EVs. The path that allows the flow of electric current from scooter to power lines is known as vehicle to grid. Now in case of an emergency situation when solar power is not sufficient to charge the vehicle the path is reversed and power is taken from the grid to recharge the battery and is termed as grid to vehicle. This situation occurs when the inverter output voltage is higher than the voltage in the battery, then the supply is taken from the grid. A bridge rectifier is also there as an additional power supply if needed.
Optimization of Tempering Process Parameters of AISI 3140 Low Alloy Steel to Conserve Furnace Energy using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Test
Authors: Lakshmana Moorthy SK , Rajaram S , Santhosh Kumar PC 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Quenching and Tempering of AISI 3140 alloy steel is a necessary heat treatment process to attain desired hardness and toughness. However the tempering process consumes remarkable amount of energy in furnace. One of the usual tempering processes of AISI 3140 steel is performed by heating it to a temperature of 425°C in crucible furnace and holding at that same temperature for 2 hours. Furnace energy consumption may be reduced by increasing tempering temperature to 540°C and holding for a relatively lesser duration. Therefore, 20 specimens of AISI 3140 steel are oil quenched. Few specimens are tempered at lower temperature of 425°C for 2 hours. Remaining specimens are tempered in 4 batches at higher temperature of 540°C for various holding time of 50 minutes, 40 minutes, 30 minutes and 20 minutes respectively. The heat treated specimens are subjected to Izod’s Impact test and Rockwell Hardness test. Test results are statistically analyzed using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Test and it is found that impact toughness and hardness attained by tempering at 425°C for 2 hours is significantly equal to that attained at 540°C for 30 minutes. It is observed that the furnace energy consumed is decreased significantly by increasing furnace temperature and reducing holding time during tempering process while other process parameters are kept identical. Thus energy and time are conserved without compromising the vital mechanical properties by optimizing tempering process parameters.
Design & Development of a Voice-Enabled Vending Machine for Green Buildings
Authors: Bisht Vaibhav , Sanjana Patri , Sridhar V G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Green buildings form a milestone technology for a sustainable and eco-friendly atmosphere. A sophisticated process management and control with advanced warning systems and sustainable user-friendly buildings is their existing norm, as per the Indian Green Building Council. With efficient resource utilization and waste management along with different user-friendly working systems, these optimized building spaces reduce various utilization costs, parallelly increasing the safety, hygiene, and comfort standards. Their norms for the future eye at a sustainable development scheme using different renewable energy technologies with solar energy having developed as a fast-growing alternative due to its usability in various rural and urban dwellings. This paper discusses the concept of an automated voice recognition based vending machine powered by solar energy. The sophisticated Voice Recognition System (VRS) changes the role of humans in the associated process and hence, should be an integral part of future green buildings. Intelligence to the working system is incorporated by Machine Learning (ML) and its flexible Internet of Things (IoT) platform entails high customizability with a good Prognostics & Health Management (PHM) media. An implementation of the framework is worked upon, discussing the design of a food-dispensing unit that can be used in hostels, restaurants, and other areas of medium to a large gathering. Food can be served without any human intervention whilst maintaining high levels of cleanliness, minimizing waste, and reducing operating costs.
Design and fabrication of NACA 0018 straight bladed vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Nikhil Babu P , Dhinesh V , Ashif A , Vijay Aswin V , Mohankumar D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The most important advantage in generation of electric power using renewable sources of energy, like wind, are the non availability of toxic exhaust emission products, highly uncluttered and the infinite presence of wind that is finally transformed into electricity. The generation and utilization of wind has been considered as one of the mature and cost effective resources among the various available renewable energy technologies. A wind turbine is a rotating machine that is converting the winds kinetic energy initially to mechanical energy, which finally getting converted into electric power. The wind turbines basically are of two types, i.e. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). The main point of difference between the two is the position of their axis of rotation. When wind blows over the VAWT, only a fractional part of the blades generates the torque whereas the remaining parts simply rotate. The end result of this is a comparably reduced efficiency in power generation. Here, a miniature Darrieus type VAWT with straight blade - NACA 0018 Airfoil, is designed and fabricated so as to develop maximum possible power output. The blades are designed in way were majority of the air covers majority of blade surface area and thus rotating it at its maximum possible speed. The results shows that the system we developed could produce power of 23.45 watts, with blades designed for aspect ratio of 0.24. This is the maximum possible result that can be attained for this dimension. The entire system is made of strong material so that it could also withstand high wind speed and high energetic wind possible.
Entrepreneurial platform for the development of microalgae biotechnologies
Authors: Melikhov V V , Medvedeva L N , Frolova M V , Shalaeva S S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The research shows that green technologies, microalgae potential in particular, will probably become mandatory to the development of youth entrepreneurship. It is still important to learn about young students` intentions with opening their own business. It is important to remember about the transfer of scientific discoveries about using microalgae in healthy food production and in rehabilitation of the environment. The hypothesis of scientific research has defined a toolkit, methods and techniques in two different directions: an assessment of capacity for the development of the youth entrepreneurship in the region and the inclusion of the microalgae into the strategic asset of the national economy.
Calculation features of evaporation from the agrocoenosis soil surface at drip irrigation and fine dispersion sprinkling
Authors: Borodychev V V , Buber A A , Dobrachev Y P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To define the strategy for the reclamation measures management, as well as to evaluate their effectiveness, the authors proposed to use simulation methods of the soil-plant-atmosphere system based on accumulated domestic and foreign experience and experimental material obtained from early potato plantings in the Volgograd region. The main factor affecting the yield of agrocoenosis is the moisture availability to the plant in the soil layer occupied by roots, and therefore, special attention should be paid to evaporation and transpiration modeling, and the movement of moisture in the soil profile during the irrigation (drip and sprinkling) and precipitation. The article describes the algorithm for calculating water exchange. The mathematical model is implemented by using standard Microsoft Excel software, which makes it accessible and simple enough for the user.
Synthesis of optimal control force for tripod manipulator drives
Authors: Dyashkin-Titov V V , Zhoga V V , Bocharnikov V S , Vorob’eva N S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A tripod-based parallel structure manipulator is considered in the article. The movement of the working body from a known position to a given final position is realized by changing the lengths of the tripod end points. Linear links with an electric DC drive are used as end points. The algorithm was developed for the synthesis of the electric motor control voltages when moving the parallel structure manipulator working body based on the tripod from the initial position to the specified final position of the fixed travel time from the minimum criterion characterizing heating of the electric motor. The mathematical model of the manipulator controlled movements is described by linear differential equations of the second order. The static characteristic of the motor is used. The resistance force is taken proportional to the working body movement speed. The problem is solved by the methods of classical calculus of variations. The results of numerical modeling are presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for determining the working body movement optimal laws.
Water supply volumes and temperature regime influence on rice productivity in the Lower Kuban reclamation complexes
Authors: Dobrachev Y P , Fedotova E V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The statistical analysis of the irrigation water volume and air temperatures sum influence on the average rice productivity in the irrigation systems of the Lower Kuban is presented in the article. The analysis was performed by using quadratic and power regression equations; the each factor contribution to the productivity value was estimated by the statistical significance of the regression, correlation and determination coefficients. The rice culture sensitivity to the irrigation regime - to the water volume supplied to irrigation systems, and to the temperature regime according to the vegetation months, was analyzed. It was found that only during two months of the growing season - July and September, high temperatures and irrigation water scarcity lack provide a synergistic effect in relation to the high yield formation.
Development of a machine model for planting potatoes for seeds with active bed formers
Authors: Novikov A E , Motorin V A , Gapich D S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the main problems of the Russian agriculture is the production of agricultural products in the necessary quantities. In connection with exceeding the norms of impact on agricultural landscapes due to their long and intensive agricultural use, it led to a violation of energy and mass exchange between its components, the progressive development of degradation phenomena, a decrease in soil fertility and productivity of agrocoenoses due to the action of abiotic and biotic stressors. The article considers the technique of planting seed potatoes with two-row placement of tubers in a row. The intensification of potato cultivation technology based on the use of modern science-intensive technical means is one of the main factors for obtaining these strategic agricultural crop high-resistant and high-quality yields. A machine for forming rows of loosened soil with simultaneous planting of sprouted and non-sprouted calibrated potatoes with a given pitch and depth of potato tubers seeding in order to increase the energy efficiency of potato production for seeds, reduce agrotechnological impacts, time, fuel and labor costs due to the simultaneous formation of rows by active cutter working bodies with the planting of potatoes in two rows was developed.
Modeling a biological wastewater treatment system
Authors: Novikov A E , Filimonov M I , Dugin E , Golovanchikov A B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The treatment of domestic wastewater of housing and communal services and the subsequent use of separation products are one of the important environmental problems of our time, its solution contributes to resource conservation and the development of non-waste (green) technologies. The article described the design of the local treatment station, for which centralized sewage systems are not provided, including an aeration tank and a secondary sump with an aeration system for regulating biological processes. For regeneration of the biocenosis in the aeration tank, there is a recirculation system for activated sludge accumulated in the secondary sump. The rational composition and organization of the biological wastewater treatment process ensure deep destruction of biogenic elements and efficient deposition of the dispersed phase. A mathematical model of the probability of particle deposition in a secondary sump during a free flow with a free surface is proposed, which allows predicting the composition of the settled and not trapped dispersed phase and determining the degree of purification of the liquid phase, considering the productivity and deposition surface of the apparatus and technological parameters of the effluents. By the method of simulation modeling, the local degrees of particle deposition in the secondary sump, calculated for an average nominal diameter d0
of 25 and 20 μm, were estimated. Established that a decrease in d0
from 25 μm to 20 μm makes it possible to increase the integral degree of wastewater treatment from the dispersed phase from 87% to 94%, but the surface of the secondary settler increases by more than 1.5 times.