bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Chongqing, China
Authors: Tao Yang , Cheng Panke , Chen Wen , Wan Peng , Chen Yaokai , Yuan Guodan , Chen Junjie , Huo Da , Guan Ge , Sun Dayu , Tan Ju , Yang Guanyuan , Zeng Wen , Zhu Chuhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has been a global pandemic, but the emergence of asymptomatic patients has caused difficulties in the prevention of the epidemic. Therefore, it is significant to understand the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this single-center, retrospective and observational study, we collected data from 167 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center (Chongqing, China) from January to March 2020. The epidemiological characteristics and variable of these patients were collected and analyzed. Findings 82.04% of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a travel history in Wuhan or a history of contact with returnees from Wuhan, showing typical characteristics of imported cases, and the proportion of severe Covid-19 patients was 13.2%, of which 59% were imported from Wuhan. For the patients who was returnees from Wuhan, 18.1% was asymptomatic patients. In different infection periods, compared with the proportion after 1/31/2020, the proportion of asymptomatic patient among SARS-CoV-2 infected patient was higher(19% VS 1.5%). In different age groups, the proportion of asymptomatic patient was the highest(28.6%) in children group under 14, next in elder group over 70 (27.3%). Compared with mild and common Covid-19 patients, the mean latency of asymptomatic was longer (11.25 days VS 8.86 days), but the hospital length of stay was shorter (14.3 days VS 16.96 days). Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2 prevention needs to focus on the screening of asymptomatic patients in the community with a history of contact with the imported population, especially for children and the elderly population.
Development of a simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) system based fluorescence real-time isothermal RNA amplification for rapid detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula
Authors: Wu Riqin , Song Xiaojiao , Gong Xiaoping , Wang Gang , Wang Xinsheng , Ma Wolong , Zhang Luan , Liu Qijun , Liu Xifu , Xing Fuguo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Contamination of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formulas is a severe food safety problem. The present study developed a rapid and sensitive Simultaneous Amplification and Testing (SAT) system for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula. SAT detection system is based on fluorescence real-time isothermal RNA amplification and mainly includes pre-enrichment, RNA isolation and detection by fluorescence real-time RNA isothermal amplification. The amplification targets 16 s/23 s rRNA for the specific detection and rapid identification of Cronobacter spp. and can accurately detect viable strains in infant formulas and other food products. Here, six C. sakazakii strains and 25 references strains were examined using one pair of primers, having the accuracy of 100% in reference to conventional methods like ISO-IDF 22964 and real-time PCR. The SAT assay was proved to be highly sensitive with a detection limit of 102 CFU/mL without pre-enrichment for powdered infant formula. After 3 h, 4 h and 8 h enrichment, the sensitivity was increased up to 100, 10− 1 and 10− 3 CFU/mL of Cronobacter spp., respectively. The SAT system including pre-enrichment performed for Cronobacter spp. detection was less than 4 h, dramatically shortened, in comparison to several days using standard culturing method and overnight using pre-enrichment real-time PCR method. And more importantly, the SAT assay can accurately distinguish viable strains from the dead one. Taken together, the SAT assay combined with pre-enrichment established in the present study should provide a rapid, sensitive, efficient and specific method for direct detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula. Moreover, a full automatic food-borne pathogenic bacteria detector was developed based on the SAT assay.
When altruists cannot help: The influence of altruism on mental health during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Feng Yi , Dong Dan , Zong Min , Yang Zhizun , Qiao Zhihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The positive predictive effect of altruism on physical and psychological well-being has been extensively demonstrated in previous studies, but few studies have examined the effect of altruism on negative mental health outcomes when altruists cannot perform altruistic behaviors. This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depression) during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, when people self-isolated at home in China.Method: College students were recruited via a cross-sectional online survey during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Self-reported perceived risk, altruism, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item PHQ depression scale (PHQ-9). A structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating and moderating effects on mental health.Results The final sample comprised 1346 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.76 ± 2.23 years, 73% female). Overall, the higher risk people perceived, the more negative affect they exhibited (β = 0.16, p < .001); thus, the more anxious and depressed they felt (β = 0.134, p < .001), but this relationship between risk perception and negative affect was moderated by altruism. Paradoxical to previous studies, the increase in negative affect associated with increased perceived risk was pronounced among individuals with high altruism ( t = 7.68, p < .001).Conclusions Individuals with high altruism exhibited more negative affect, indirectly increasing their anxiety and depressive symptoms. The findings enrich the theory of altruism and provide valuable insight into the influence of altruism on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak.
What is the Impact of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yin Xiaohan , Zhao Chen , Yang YuMei , Shi HuiFeng , Wu TianChen , Xie JiaLei , Niu JieQiong , Wang XiaoLi , Fang Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Breastfeeding is a well-established and recommended intervention for better development of infants. In China, less than one third of infants are exclusive breastfed at 6 months of age. Maternal rural-to-urban migration contributes to these low rates of breastfeeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant childrenand local children with infants aged 0-6 months in China, 2018.Methods:Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018 that included 6995 infants from 8 urban areas in China with available measures of breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding practices was calculated by maternal floating status and logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between them, after adjusting for social-demographic characteristics, mother-infant health information and supportive information. For exclusive breastfeeding, we calculated the prevalence and its association with maternal rural-to-urban migration, stratified by maternal education level, maternal resident place and maternal ethnicity, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of ever breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and age-appropriate breastfeeding was 79.52%, 29.84%, 60.00% and 45.05%, respectively. Rural-to-urban migrant children were less likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to local children (AOR=0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95). Stratified by different social-demographic variables, a negative association between exclusive breastfeeding and rural-to-urban migration was only found in the group with high education level, in the group living in metropolis and in the group of minorities, respectively. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of breastfeeding practices was low in both rural-to-urban migrant children and local children. Besides common strategies, special approaches should be provided for migrants with high education, living in metropolis and being minorities.
Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves rumen fermentation, antioxidant capability, and immune function in dairy calves before weaning
Authors: Liu Wenhui , La A La Teng Zhu , Evans Alexander , Gao Shengtao , Yu Zhongtang , Bu Dengpan , Ma Lu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Short-chain fatty acids including butyrate have received increasing research interest as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of calves before weaning. Healthy Holstein female calves (4-day-old; 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group). The control group was fed no SB (SB0), while the other groups were supplemented with 2% (SB2), 4% (SB4), or 6% (SB6) of SB/kg of dry matter. All calves were housed in individual hutches.
Results
The SB supplementation enhanced growth rate and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group. At 60 days of age, the rumen fluid pH increases quadratically with increased SB supplementation, and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration of rumen fluid in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the SB0 group. There was a quadratic effect that indicated that the SB4 treatment was most effective in reducing the NH3-N concentration. The concentration of volatile fatty acids and Acetic: Propionic in rumen fluid were not affected by SB in any groups. At 28 days of age, the serum level of maleic dialdehyde of the SB groups was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of group SB4 was significantly increased compared with the that of the control group. At 28 days of age, SB had a quadratic effect on serum immunoglobulin A concentration, with the greatest increase being observed in group SB4. At 60 days of age, the serum immunoglobulin G concentration increased linearly as SB levels increased.
Conclusions
Under the conditions of this study, there were positive effects of SB supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant ability, and immune function in calves before weaning. We recommended 4% as the optimal SB supplementation level to improve growth, antioxidant and immune function of calves before weaning.
The magnetic, magnetic entropy and critical behavior studies in La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 around magnetic phase transition temperature.
Authors: Iqbal Mazhar , Khan Muhammad Nasir , Khan Ayaz Arif , Shahzad Khurram , Zaka Imran , Javed Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Magnetocaloric and critical phenomenon investigations were carried out in the crystalline La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 samples prepared through solid state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and its Rietveld refinement using Rietica software confirmed the crystalline phase purity of rhombohedral structure with space group \(R\bar{3}c\). From magnetic measurements, the Ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition was observed at TC ~ 285K. The maximum change in magnetic entropy (\(Delta{S}^{max}_M\)) and relative cooling power (RCP) extracted from magnetic measurements were 3.02 J/kg K and 142.00 J/kg at an applied magnetic field (moH) of 4T. Griffiths phase (GP) with a susceptibility exponent λ = 0.44 was also detected in temperature range of TC < T < TG. Critical exponential analysis indicated the 3D-Ising model like magnetic phase transition at TC. Critical exponent’s reliability was confirmed using models such as universal scaling equations of state and Widom scaling relation. Magnetic entropy change follows the law ΔSM = (moH)n for n = 0.46.
A signature of glucose metabolism and DNA methylation improves prognostic prediction for urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Zhuonan , Sun Tianshui , Zhang Zhe , Bi Jianbin , Kong Chuize 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Glucose metabolism and DNA methylation have been previously proved to play important roles in cancers. However, few studies have explored the potential connections between abnormal glucose metabolism and DNA methylation in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to screen out glucose metabolism-related genes that were DNA methylation associated in order to establish a promising signature for the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA).Methods: With transcriptome data of BLCA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and methylation data downloaded from TCGA data base 450K microarray, glucose metabolism-related genes that were simultaneously methylation modulated and survival associated were obtained and a prognostic signature was established. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed for identification of gene and pathway enrichment. Two most methylation-related risky genes were selected to conduct functional validations. Results: 18 target genes were identified and the samples were survival-significantly divided into two groups by using the signature. Via multivariate Cox analysis, we considered the signature an independent prognostic factor. Several biological processes and signaling pathways were enriched in the high-risk group according to GSEA results and three modules of genes were identified by WGCNA. We demonstrated that UCHL1 and PYCR1 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. Conclusions: The signature based on the 18 target genes could serve as an independent prognostic factor for urinary bladder cancer patients.
Acting against obesity: a cross-cultural analysis of prevention models in Spain, Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Gracia-Arnaiz Mabel , Demonte Flavia , Kraemer Fabiana Bom 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: In contexts where prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly, sociocultural causes acquire greater explanatory power as opposed to biological and/or behavioural factors. These models premise worsening diets and sedentary lifestyles as being the main culprits and assume that contemporary societies generate obesogenic and toxic environments. This article analyses and compares preventive models for obesity in Spain, Argentina and Brazil through an examination of the respective measures adopted to counter it in those countries. The primary aim is to delineate the conceptual framework and reflect on the reasons for their relative effectiveness. Methods: This qualitative study is based on the content analysis of programmes developed by the Spanish, Argentinian and Brazilian health authorities to deal with obesity from 2005 to the present. The texts have been carefully collated by accessing the health ministry websites classifying them according to subject, year of publication and implementation, their specific objectives and proposals for action. A total of 46 documents were selected during 2017-19. In a complementary way, statistical sources have been used in order to better understand changes in living conditions and health. Results: Over the last fifteen years, the international health bodies have developed specific strategies to control and prevent obesity based on a global diagnosis, whose features have been supported by these three countries. Although the measures reflect certain particularities, they conform to a common pattern organised from platforms promoting so-called “healthy lifestyles” for all. Most of the measures taken have minimized consideration of the social determinants of health, ignoring that epidemiological sources and statistics indicate that obesity rates have increased most quickly among individuals of low socioeconomic status during this period. In general, the responses have been formulated without further research into the different dimensions of obesity, either because they have been short-term, not based on diagnoses adjusted to each context. Conclusions : The discussion suggests that the excessive emphasis on individual responsibility and the underplaying of the role of food as a complex practice, as well as changing structural factors and the differential distribution of this disease, might largely explain the limited impact of these strategies. Key words : food; obesity; health policies; preventive model; social inequality; cross-cultural analysis.
Rural-urban disparities and factors associated with delayed care seeking for fever by mothers of under-five children, Igabi LGA, Kaduna Nigeria.
Authors: Babalola Obafemi Joseph , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Fever in under-five children (U5) is the commonest presenting complaint in general practice and mothers’ recognition is an entry point for fever treatment including malaria. This study describes rural - urban disparity in fever prevalence, mothers’ malaria knowledge, and care seeking for fever in U5 and the associated factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 mother-child pairs [rural (300) and urban (330)] selected randomly using a multi-stage sampling from 63 villages in Igabi LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Trained female data collectors administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect information on mother-child demographic profiles, malaria knowledge, fever episodes in birth order last child in two weeks prior to survey, and care - seeking for fever within 48 hours of onset. Care sought for fever > 48 hours of onset was defined as delayed care seeking. Malaria knowledge was categorized into good, average and poor if the final scores is ≥ 75 th , 50 th - 74 th , and < 50 th percentiles, respectively. Frequency, proportions, and odds ratio were calculated. Statistically significant was set at p-value < 0.05.

Results

The median age (interquartile range) of rural mothers was 30 (IQR, 10) years compared to 27 (IQR, 6) years in urban. Of the 70.0% (441/629) U5 children with fever, 58.5% (258/441) were in rural settlements. A third of the mothers whose child had fever sought care. Mothers in rural settlement were 2.7 (CI: 1.8 – 4.2, p < 0.01) times more likely to delay care seeking for fever, and those with no knowledge of malaria transmission were 70% less likely to seek care (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.2 – 0.7). On the other hand, poor perception of malaria as a major health problem (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.4 – 3.1), and poor knowledge of cause of malaria (OR: 1.7, CI: 1.1 – 2.5) were associated with delayed seeking for fever among urban mothers.

Conclusions

Disparity existed between fever prevalence in U5 children, care -seeking practices by their mothers, and factors associated with delayed care seeking for fever. Fever treatment for high impact malaria elimination needs a context specific intervention rather than ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Also, intensify efforts to educate mothers on malaria.
Epidemiological and clinical features of imported and local patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hainan, China
Authors: Wu Biao , Lei Zi-Ying , Wu Kun-Liang , He Jian-Rong , Cao Hui-Juan , Fu Juan , Chen Feng , Chen Yuan , Chen Bao , Zhou Xiao-Li , Huang Tao , Wu Tao , Du Yong-Guo , Chen Suo-Xian , Xiao Fu-Rong , Gao Zhi-Liang , He Jing , Lin Feng , Lin Bingliang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Hainan Island, a popular tourist destination, had received many imported cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but successfully contained the epidemics in one month. We described epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan and compared these features between imported and local cases to provide information for other international epidemic areas.

Methods

We included 91 patients (56 imported and 35 local cases) from two designed hospitals for COVID-19 in Haikou, China, from January 20 to February 19, 2020. Data on demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from medical records.

Results

Of the 91 patients, 78 (85.7%) patients were diagnosed within the first three weeks after the first case identified (Day 1: Jan 22, 2020), while the number of local cases started to increase from the third week. No new cases occurred after Day 29. Fever and cough were two main clinical manifestations. 15 (16.5%) were severe, 14 (15.4%) had complicated infections, nine (9.9%) were admitted to ICU, and three died. Median duration of viral shedding in feces was longer than that in nasopharyngeal swabs (19 days vs 16 days, P =0.007). Compared with local cases, imported cases were older, have higher incidence of fever and concurrent infections. There was no difference in outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusion

Imported cases were more severe than local cases, but could have similar prognosis. The short epidemic period in Hainan suggests that the epidemics could be quickly brought under control if proper timely measures were taken.
Association Between Ibuprofen Exposure and Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Kragholm Kristian , Gerds Thomas A. , Fosbøl Emil , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Phelps Matthew , Butt Jawad H , Østergaard Lauge , Gislason Gunnar , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Initially, the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health boards issued a warning against NSAID use in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and recommended that paracetamol or acetaminophen instead should be administered. However, later and current WHO and European Medicine Agency recommendations do not call for avoidance of ibuprofen in COVID-19 patients. Given the current uncertainty of drug safety for NSAID use in patients with COVID-19, we performed a nationwide register-based study on the association of recent ibuprofen exposure and COVID-19 severity. Methods: Using national administrative databases, we identified COVID-19 patients in Denmark between end of February 2020 and April 2, 2020. Patients <30 years of age and heart failure, for whom ibuprofen is not recommended, were excluded. Ibuprofen exposure was defined using the Danish National Prescription Registry, where we had information until January 31, 2020. Endpoint was a composite of severe COVID-19 diagnosis with acute respiratory syndrome, intensive care unit admission or death. Results: Among 1,872 patients, 46 (2.5%) were exposed to ibuprofen prior to COVID-19 infection. Patients with recent ibuprofen exposure tended to be older and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, though all insignificant (P>0.05). When adjusting for these covariates, odds ratio was 1.57 [95% CI 0.72-3.38], with 12 ibuprofen-exposed patients meeting the endpoint (26.1% [95% CI 13.4-38.8%]) versus 272 unexposed patients (14.9% [95% CI 13.4-16.4%]), P=0.15. Conclusion: The association between ibuprofen and severe COVID-19 was insignificant, although with a trend towards increased disease severity risk.