bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration on Spent FCC Catalyst for Decolorization of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Hui , Zeng Sheng , Liu Lixin , Yin Dulin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the present work, an FCC equilibrium catalyst (E-cat) was used as a decolorizer in decolorization of vegetable oil. E-cat is an excellent and stable decolorizer, which can even be directly applied to the decolorization of vegetable oil after being discharged. The process conditions were investigated and optimized, mainly the bleaching temperature, time, and E-cat amounts. The spectrophotometric method was used to calculate the decolorization rate after detecting the absorbance of vegetable oil. As the bleaching time, temperature and E-cat amounts increase, the effects on the decolorization of rapeseed oil by E-cat were all improved to varying degrees. The best decolorization utility of E-cat was performed at 115°C and an E-cat ratio of 5wt% for 40min, the decolorization rate of the rapeseed oil was 93.3%. Compared with the fresh FCC catalyst with high catalytic activity, the decolorization capability of E-cat was not much reduced. It indicates that the structural characteristics of E-cat are more desirable in the decolorization of vegetable oil, as evidenced by the alkali treatment test.
Efficient adsorption removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions by HNO3 modified bamboo-derived biochar
Authors: Tang Wenxiao , Cai Ningning , Xie Hongxia , Liu Yachun , Wang Zhifeng , Liao Youhong , Wei Taotao , Zhang Chao , Fu Zaihui , Yin Dulin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work porous biochar was prepared from bamboo powder by ZnCl2 chemical activation. The effects of preparation, modification and adsorption conditions on its removal performance of Cd2+ in simulated wastewater were investigated by static adsorption. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cd2+ were further studied. The results showed that the good adsorption property was obtained over the biochar prepared under optimized preparation and modification conditions. The biochar reached the highest removal efficiency of 95.53% under optimum adsorption conditions. The adsorption process of Cd2+ was well in accordance with the pseudo-second adsorption kinetics equation, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was up to 16.62 mg·g−1. The Freundlich isothermal adsorption model better fitted compared with the Langmuir model for this adsorption system and the maximum adsorption capacity was as high as 44.54mg·g−1. After four adsorption-desorption recycling, the adsorption removal percentage decreased a little, indicating that biochar had good regeneration performance. In short, this inexpensive porous biochar has the potential to become a practical adsorbent of cadmium.
Application of gold nanoparticles in photoacoustic imaging
Authors: He Wen , Wang Xiaoxia , Gao Xing , Lu Zaijun , Song Jibing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging is a noninvasive imaging mode that be rapidly developed in recent years for medical diagnosis and treatment by using contrast agents. Among them, gold nanomaterials (GNPs) offer a suitable platform for PA imaging, owing to their advantageous physical/chemical/biological properties and high-intensity absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this review, we firstly concentrate on the recent development of GNPs and their assemblies for PA imaging. Then, the future development in the research of GNPs as PA imaging contrast agents are discussed.
Halloysite-TiO2-Ag composites: Preparation, characterization and photodegradation
Authors: Du Yuanyuan , Fu Ying , Gao Xing , He Wen , Zheng Pengwu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Halloysite (HNTs)-TiO2-Ag composites were fabricated by depositing anatase TiO2 and nano Ag particles on the HNTs surfaces. The composite was characterized with corresponding instrumental analysis methods. Compared with HNTs-TiO2 composites, the HNTs-TiO2-Ag composites exhibited better photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of MB and the persistent organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) under UV irradiation. After 2.5 hours of UV light irradiation, HNTs-TiO2-Ag composites removed about 97.63% and 51% of MB and 4-NP, respectively.
Preparation and properties of polydiacetylene based temperature sensors
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Jiaxin , Gao Xing , Ding Hailing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polydiacetylene vesicles with different concentrations were prepared, which have a good temperature-induced discoloration effect. As the temperature rises, the appearance colors appear blue-violet, purple, rose-red, watermelon-red and orange-red. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the thermochromism process of the corresponding polydiacetylene molecules. As the temperature increased, the maximum absorption peak at 650 nm gradually decreased, the maximum absorption peak at 550 nm gradually increased, consistent with the appearance of color change. In addition, the blue-phase polydiacetylene molecule is not fluorescent, while the orange-red polydiacetylene molecule is fluorescent, and the fluorescence emission peak is at 560 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature-induced discoloration properties of polydiacetylene molecules. The possible reason was that with the increase of temperature, the perturbation of polydiacetylene molecules caused the distortion of the side chain structure, resulting the conformation transition of ene-yne conjugates. As the bone structure changes, the effective conjugation length becomes shorter, which in turn changes the color of the polydiacetylene molecule.
Direct Synthesis of Glycol Ethyl Ethers from Glycol with Modified HZSM-5 as Catalyst
Authors: Li Gangsen , Wen Xing , Wang Junwen , Zhang Yadong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Glycol ethyl ethers possess many excellent properties and are widely used in paint industry, chemical industry and so on. In this paper, glycol ethyl ethers were synthesized from glycol with the modified HZSM-5 as catalyst. The modified HZSM-5 was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET and NH3-TPD. The results showed that the modification did not change the structure and morphology of HZSM-5, sulfur was adsorbed on the surface of catalyst and strong acid sites appeared. The influence of ratio of the reactants, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and time on the yield and selectivity was studied. The optimal reaction condition was performed with the molar ratio of glycol and ethanol 1:4 under 7MPa pressure at 453K for 4 h. Under these conditions, the conversion of glycol was 68.12%, and the selectivity of glycol ethers could be up to 98.61%.
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers by electrospinning with different additives from direct coal liquefaction residue
Authors: Qiao Tongxin , Wang Haoxing , Yang Yingjie , Lu Xiangna , Fan Guixia , Li Peng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Direct coal liquefaction residue is of valuable materials for preparation of carbon materials due to its high carbon content and aromatic structures. In this work, extract, extraction residue, and oxidized extraction residue from direct coal liquefaction residue were employed as additives for preparation of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers by electrospinning, followed by air stabilization and carbonization processes. The results show that the additives were evenly dispersed in the carbon nanofibers, and the diameters of nanofibers were smaller than that pure polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers. After the extraction residue was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide, the morphology of nanofibers became more smooth and uniform.
The role of DNA methyltransferases in smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch
Authors: Ding Jinhua , Zhang Hongmin , Yuan Ying , Huang Liwen , Wang Nan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common pathological process of multiple cardiovascular diseases. DNA methylation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but its mechanism is not clear. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3a and DNMT1) could be involved in the development of phenotypic switching process of VSMCs. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to probe the action of DNA methyltransferases on phenotypic switching process of VSMCs. First, Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induced human aorta VSMC (HA-VSMC) morphological changes from contractile to synthetic phenotype. EdU staining confirmed that PDGF-BB could induce HA-VSMC proliferation. PDGF-BB remarkably augmented the mRNA and protein level of proliferation marker gene CyclinDl and osteopontin (OPN) in HA-VSMCs. The mRNA and protein level of differentiation marker SM22 and SM-α-actin were obviously upregulated in HA-VSMCs after PDGF-BB treatment. Next, the level of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were examined in PDGF-BB-treated HA-VSMCs by RT-PCR and western blotting. The high level of DNMT1 and DNMT3a was observed in PDGF-BB-induced proliferation model. Therefore, DNMT3a and DNMT1 could be involved in phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Preparation of nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO via microemulsion process
Authors: Fu Xiaofen , Ma Yefei , Gao Xing , Zhu Chunli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO were prepared via W/O microemulsion process. The properties of the microemulsion system for preparing the nanocomposite were studied by drawing ternary phase diagrams of microemulsion. The effects of the ratio of surfactant/cosurfactant, temperature, and salt concentration on the phase region of W/O microemulsion were investigated. A suitable microemulsion system is composed that the ratio of CTAB/cosurfactant was 4:6, the ratio of surfactant/cosurfactant was 2:3, and the reaction temperature was 25 °C. The microscopic morphology of the nanocomposite CNTs/PbO and CNTs/CuO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy TEM. The specific surface area decreased obviously after nanocomposite PbO/CNTs and CuO/CNTs mixed in a 1:1 ratio by grinding.
Research progress of alginate in biomedicine
Authors: Wu Zongmei , Fan Weixi , Cai Xiaoming , Zhu Chunli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sodium alginate was widely used in biomedicine because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, non-toxicity and easy processing. The development of the application of micelles, microspheres, nanoparticles and hydrogels prepared by sodium alginate polymers in drug release is described in this paper.
Efficiency Enhancement of Perovskite CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Light-emitting Diodes by Doped Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Liu Mengke , Luan Weiling , Huang Yihui , Zhang Shulv 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Balanced charge injection is essential to high-performance Perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, low mobility of hole-transport materials (HTMs) severely restrict improving performance of QLEDs. Herein, we provide a novel HTMs to improve the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level structure and carrier mobility by doping poly (9-vinlycarbazole) (PVK) and poly [N, N’-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N, N’-bis(phenyl) benzi-dine] (poly-TPD). We also introduce poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as electron block layer to further achieve charge injection balance. Finally, an enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.53% and 414.83 cd/m2 was obtained. Compared with the untreated QLED, this result has been 8-fold enhanced, provides a new approach to attain better performance.
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation Mechanism of FGH96 PM Superalloy
Authors: Kai Zhao , Yu-huai He 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
FGH96 is regarded as a promising powder metallurgy superalloy for high-temperature / pressure turbine disc in aerospace industries due to its high resistance / defect tolerance and high working temperature up to 750 °C. The initiation and propagation mechanism of FGH96 PM superalloy is researched by in-situ fatigue experiments. The result shows that the crack of gap samples initiates and propagates at the same stress level at 25 °C and 300°C. At 300°C, there are no creep characteristics such as the intergranular characteristics found in the sample fracture. The crack at 300°C has a faster initiation and propagation process compared to the crack at 25°C, especially in the late stage of fatigue. The increase of the crack propagation rate of the sample is unrelated to the creep, mainly due to oxidation. Oxidation reduces the fatigue life of materials because it accelerates the initiation and propagation of transgranular cracks.
Computational Simulation about the Impact of High Voltage Electrostatic Field on Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang D F , Meng D D , Cui X D , Wang F J , Liu Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Computational simulation method was used in two models of calcium carbonate aqueous solution to explore the mechanism of anti-scaling under electrostatic field on the molecular level. The binding energy between the surface and ions indicated that the surface (104) was more favorable for the growth of the new crystal, while it was much easier to decompose under field strength 1300 V/m. The diffusion coefficients of Ca2+ and CO3
2- revealed that the chemical reaction of Ca2+ and CO3
2- ions in Model-II was much difficult to form calcium carbonate crystal under electrostatic field. The hydration degree of Ca2+ with O atoms from water molecules showed that the electric field could enhance the hydration degree of Ca2+ under certain field length, hence preventing the chemical reaction with CO3
2- to produce crystal. In short, the scale inhibition effect under electrostatic field in Model-II was much better.
Comparisons of Conventional, SRI, EAS and Hybrid-Stress Plane Q4 and Q9 Finite Element Models in Displacement and Energy Norms
Authors: Xiao H B , Hu H C , Zhang H Y , Xie Q , Zhou Y X 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Advanced finite element models have been being pursued for several decades. For plane models, the popularly employed formulations include the selectively reduced integration, enhanced assumed strain, hybrid/mixed methods, stabilization methods, among others. The accuracies of the advanced finite element models with respect to the standard element models are often demonstrated by some popular numerical tests in which displacement and stress components at a few selected points are benchmarked. The more comprehensive but laborious means of assessing the accuracy by computing the relative errors in displacement norm (Sobolev norm of order zero) and energy norm are less popularly employed. In this paper, these norms of the standard and some advanced 4-node and 9-node quadrilateral finite element models for a number of tests are computed and reported. In contrast to the common perception, the advanced models are not always more accurate than the standard ones. The discussions in this paper can be helpful for the understanding and usage of the numerical benchmark tests.
Towards graphene-based new energy devices
Authors: Yefeng WU 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The seeking for “killer application” of graphene has been the bottleneck for the industrialization of graphene. From its first application in sophisticated FET devices to many newly arising environment-friendly energy efficient devices, graphene seems to be an excellent candidate material when assembled with functional materials in new energy devices, such as current collector, lithium ion battery, photovoltaic cell or solar-thermal devices. Here, we reviewed the recent reports on these field, and prove that the existence of graphene could bring about a “win-win” outcome in above mentioned representative new energy devices, providing a new design paradigm to find out the “killer application” of graphene.
Study on Preparation of Ceramsite from Shale Slag and Its Application
Authors: Xu Changwei , Deng Xinci 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the proportion of raw materials and process system for firing shale slag ceramsite. The raw materials and raw material ratio of the shale slag ceramsite were determined by the composition analysis of the shale slag; Through basic experiments, it is concluded that when the proportion of raw materials is shale slag: coal gangue: fly ash: expansion agent = 65 : 16 : 9 : 10. Through optimization analysis, when the tube pressure strength is used as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A2B1C2, the bulk density as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A1B3C2, and the water absorption rate as the evaluation index, the optimal plan A3B1C3. Conclusion: The best sintering system for shale slag granule firing is preheating temperature 50°C. heating time 20min, holding time 15min, heating to 1100°C, heating for 40min, and finally holding for 20min. Through the optimization analysis of the analysis and analysis of variance results, it is known that the firing temperature has the most significant effect on the ceramsite performance.
A Comparative Investigation of Magnetoelectric Characteristics of Nano Bi-Layer Bar and Plate Structures
Authors: Saengow T , Silapunt R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics of bar and plate structures of the nano bi-layer ME materials are investigated and compared. The mathematical models of ME coefficients of the nano bi-layer bar and plate structures operated in the longitudinal-transverse (L-T) mode are developed using the constitutive equations and Newton’s second law. The nano bi-layer of interest consists of Terfenol-D and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) as ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) phases, respectively. In the low frequency regime, the optimal thickness ratios of bar and plate structures that yield maximum ME coefficients are around 0.43 and 0.33, respectively. The optimal thickness ratios are applied in the high frequency regime to obtain the conditions where the maximum ME coefficients can be achieved. It is found that the resonant frequencies of the bar and plate structures decrease exponentially with the bi-layer length and thickness, respectively. The results also indicate that at the same resonant frequency, the dimension of the bar structure is significantly smaller than the plate structure, it thus becomes more preferable for nano scale sensing applications.
Effect of annealing on recrystallization of GAP particles of Fe-Nd-B system alloy
Authors: Chaika V , Savin V , Sorokovikov M , Marukhin A , Martyushev A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The magnetic and mechanical properties magnets of the Fe-Nd-B system depend more on the size and shape of the grain structure. The influence of annealing on the microstructure of gas atomized powder (GAP) particles of Fe-Nd-B alloy was investigation. Conditional three types of microstructure are allocated and their changes in the process of recrystallization are analyzed. It is shown that the process of recrystallization is accompanied by an increase in the intergranular phase and the formation of grains in it. Increasing the annealing time enhances these processes.
Development of water leakage detection and localization system
Authors: Zhang Xun , Tian Quan , Liu Yuting 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Detection and localization of pipeline leakage is one of the important means to save water resources. A set of leakage detection was set up and experiments were carried out. The system contains flowmeter, pressure gauges and vibration sensor. The signal was continuous collected to constantly detect and alert water leaks. The leakage location is based on GCC-PHAT algorithm. a leakage detection and location system based on GCC-PHAT algorithm is proposed. Experiments have verified that our system works well.
Study on Properties of Graphite Polystyrene Permeable Composite Insulation Board
Authors: Zhang Jusong , Cao Yuwei , Wang Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to further optimize the properties of polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation board, the composition, properties and flame retardant mechanism of graphite polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation board were discussed in this paper. The properties of graphite polystyrene substrate and permeable flame retardant, the optimum ratio of permeable flame retardant. The tensile strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and softening coefficient perpendicular to the plate surface are discussed, and the endothermic flame retardant mechanism of osmotic flame retardant was discussed. The results show that graphite polystyrene permeable flame retardant composite insulation plate does not reduce its combustion and mechanical properties when reduces the density and thermal conductivity.
Swept source cross-polarized optical coherence tomography for any input polarized light
Authors: Sharma Gargi , Sharma Shivani , Blessing Katharina , Hartl Georg , Waldner Maximilian , Singh Kanwarpal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cross polarized optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers enhanced contrast in certain pathological conditions. Traditional cross-polarized OCT systems require a defined input polarization and thus require several polarization controlling elements increasing the overall complexity of the system. Our proposed system requires a single quarter wave plate as a polarization controller thus simplifying the system significantly. The majority of cross-polarized OCT systems are spectrometer based, which suffers from slow speed and low signal to noise ratio. In this work, we present a swept source based cross-polarized OCT system that works for any input polarization state. The system was tested against known birefringent materials such as quarter wave plate. Furthermore, biological samples such as finger, nail and chicken breast were imaged to demonstrate the potential of our technique.
Stretchable and compressible strain sensors for gait monitoring constructed using carbon nanotube/graphene composite
Authors: Kumpika T , Kantarak E , Sriboonruang A , Sroila W , Tippo P , Thongpan W , Pooseekheaw P , Panthawan A , Jumrus N , Sanmuangmoon P , Jhuntama N , Hankhuntod M , Nuansri R , Wiranwetchayan O , Thongsuwan W , Singjai P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Stretchable and compressible strain sensors play an essential role in various fields with uses ranging from automotive components to medical devices. This study reports on the fabrication and characteristics of stretchable strain and pressure sensors constructed using a carbon nanotube and graphene composite. The sensors were used for gait analysis, an important step in the diagnosis and management of movement disorders. The stretchable and compressible strain sensors were used to measure peak knee sagittal angles and forces under the feet when walking. Gait analysis is usually performed within a laboratory. However, in this research we propose a shift to gait assessments conducted via long-term daily monitoring using wearable devices.