bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical malignancies after intestinal transplantation in children: A European single‐centre experience
Authors: Gerlach Undine A. , Morland Bruce , Hobin Dave , Nagy Anita , Sharif Khalid , Mirza Darius F. , Gupte Girish L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐transplant malignancies, that is, lymphomas, are a recognized complication in intestinal transplant recipients but are mostly secondary to EBV infection. There is an increased risk for malignancies in unusual sites in intestinal transplant recipients as compared to other solid organ transplants and the general population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, course, and outcome of unusual malignancies in children after ITx.MethodsRetrospective analysis of children who underwent ITx for primary digestive disorders at Birmingham Children's Hospital between January 1989 and December 2017.ResultsNinety‐eight intestinal transplants were performed in 90 children (49 males and 41 females) with an underlying primary digestive disorder. Median age was 2.7 years (0.6‐16.2), and median weight was 14.5 kg (5.7‐53.2) at the time of transplant. Within this cohort, we identified four cases of unusual malignancies at rare sites of presentation. One patient developed cerebral PTLD, two patients were diagnosed with SMT, located at the stomal orifice and in cervicothoracic paravertebral area, respectively, and the last patient developed a retroperitoneal angiosarcoma. Unfortunately, the overall patient outcome was poor in all but one child with SMT, who currently survives with cytotoxic T‐cell therapy.ConclusionUnusual malignancies can occur in approximately 5% of children following ITx. A high index of suspicion is required for a timely diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Epidiatomic diatoms: An insight into interaction specificity
Authors: Roubeix Vincent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLittle is known about direct interactions between diatoms. In this study, small diatoms attaching onto larger benthic and motile diatoms were considered. This phenomenon is commonly considered as epiphytism (with diatom epiphytes) although the exact nature of this interaction has not been investigated yet. The question that was addressed here is the specificity of the interaction, simply by observing species associations in their natural environment. A comparison of this special form of epiphytism was carried out between two sites, on a Mediterranean river and one of its tributaries. The results showed both host and epiphyte selection, but with some variability in species associations. This excludes the two alternative hypotheses that (i) large diatoms are a neutral substrate for smaller diatoms and that (ii) the interactions are strictly specific between two species.
First report of the potentially toxic marine diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia simulans (Bacillariophyceae) from the East Australian Current
Authors: Ajani Penelope A. , Lim Hong Chang , Verma Arjun , Lassudrie Malwenn , McBean Katie , Doblin Martina A. , Murray Shauna A. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYCertain species of the marine diatom genus Pseudo‐nitzschia are responsible for the production of the domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin that can bioaccumulate in the food chain and cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in animals and humans. This study extends our knowledge by reporting on the first observation of the potentially toxic species Pseudo‐nitzschia simulans from this region. One clonal strain of P. simulans was isolated from the East Australian Current and characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses based on regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the D1–D3 region of the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear‐encoded ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA), as well as examined for DA production as measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Although this strain was non‐toxic under the defined growth conditions, the results unambiguously confirmed that this isolate is the potentially toxic species P. simulans – the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: March 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4 Achara Jivacate, RATCH Group Public Company Limited, ThailandAlphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaGianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKayla Heffernan, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USAMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanOzgur Demirtas, Kayseri University, TurkeySadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Eddy Current Array Inspection of Damaged CFRP Sandwich Panels
Authors: Underhill P. R. , Rellinger T. , Krause T. W. , Wowk D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The use of eddy current (EC) arrays to detect damage in sandwich panels, such as disbonding of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) face-sheet to the core, is investigated. It is shown that the array is very sensitive to slight core crush and can readily find small dents and disbonds. At the same time, the eddy current array can look much deeper into the honeycomb to detect defects such as tears. The phase map of the EC signal can be used in some cases to distinguish between different types of damage. EC arrays offer the ability to rapidly scan large areas of CFRP panels.
Effect of Conical Profile on the Transmission of Elastic Waves From Cylindrical Waveguide to Bulk
Authors: Zul Karnain Ahmed A. , Rajagopal Prabhu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the transmission of elastic waves into test specimens for cylindrical waveguide-based ultrasonic transducers. However, to achieve better mode focusing, topographical waveguides with conical profiles were studied. Finite element simulations were used to study wave propagation and transmission into specimen samples using such “transmission horns.” Fundamental longitudinal mode L(0,1) was generated in cylindrical rods. Results from both finite element simulations and experiments show that a 50-deg conical transition profile help achieve better transmission and beam directionality into the specimen and also better reception of the back wall reflections at the waveguide as compared to a simple cylindrical rod waveguide.
An Improved Damage Index for Nondestructive Evaluation of a Disbond in Honeycomb Sandwich Structure Using Guided Waves
Authors: Wang Lifu , Gao Fei , Zhang Yichi , Araque Leonardo , Tai Steffen , Patel Bhav , Mal Ajit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Honeycomb sandwich structures (HSS) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their high strength-to-stiffness ratio. However, these materials are susceptible to damage during manufacturing or service that can cause great loss in the load bearing capacity or even failure. Thus, periodic or continuous nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of HSS is essential for safe operation. Development of effective NDE technique is challenging due to the geometric complexity of the honeycomb core. Guided ultrasonic waves are ideal for large-scale testing because of their large propagation range and high sensitivity to defects in their path. In this paper, an improved NDE method for detecting disbonds at the top and bottom interfaces between the core and facesheets is proposed based on experimental studies. By applying excitation signals at different frequencies, the responses at the top and bottom surface of plate-like HSS component are compared and analyzed. The response in a specific frequency range is further studied by introducing disbonds at the top interface. It is shown that some components of the recorded signal in a specific frequency range are more sensitive for detecting the disbond. In addition, an improvement of the conventional damage index based on the damage feature is proposed, and a systematic procedure for detecting damage inside HSS is conducted on an elevator section of an Airbus 330. The results show that the optimized damage index greatly improves the resolution and adaptability of damage detection in the structures.
Azimuthally Scanned Angled-Beam Pulse-Echo Ultrasound for Characterization of Impact Damage in Composites
Authors: Welter John T. , Sparkman Daniel M. , Aldrin John C. , Zainey David , Lesthaeghe Tyler , Kramb Vicki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Characterization of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in polymer matrix composites (PMCs) is necessary to use slow crack growth damage tolerance models and evaluate remaining life of PMC components. Azimuthally scanned angled-beam pulse-echo ultrasound is investigated as a complimentary technique to normal incidence ultrasound inspection of BVID in PMCs to characterize delamination fields. It is found that there is a correlation between signals present in the azimuthally scanned angled-beam pulse-echo ultrasound C-scans and transverse cracks seen in X-ray computed tomography inspection. These transverse cracks are not readily identifiable as transverse cracks in normal incidence C-scan inspection.
Turning Guide Vane Effect on Internal Cooling of Two-Passage Channel With Parallel Ribs
Authors: Saravani Mandana S. , Amano Ryoichi S. , DiPasquale Nicholas J. , Halmo Joseph Wayne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present work investigates the effects of various guide vane designs on the heat transfer enhancement of rotating U-duct configuration with parallel 45-deg ribs. The ribs were installed on the bottom wall of the channel, which has a constant heat flux boundary condition. The channel has a square cross section with a 5.08 cm hydraulic diameter. The first and second passes are 514 mm and 460 mm, respectively. The range of Reynolds number for turbulent flow is up to 35,000. The channel rotates at various speeds up to 600 rpm, which brings the maximum rotation number of 0.75. Several computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out for this study to understand the effect of guide vanes on flow and heat transfer in serpentine channels under various operating conditions.
Improving Forecast Uncertainty Quantification by Incorporating Production History and Using a Modified Ranking Method of Geostatistical Realizations
Authors: Monfaredi Kazem , Emami Niri Mohammad , Sedaee Behnam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe majority of the geostatistical realizations ranking methods disregard the production history in selection of realizations, due to its requirement of high simulation run time. They also ignore to consider the degree of linear relationship between the “ranks based on the ranking measure” and “ranks based on the performance parameter” in choosing the employed ranking measure. To address these concerns, we propose an uncertainty quantification workflow, which includes two sequential stages of history matching and realization selection. In the first stage, production data are incorporated in the uncertainty quantification procedure through a history matching process. A fast simulator is employed to find the realizations with consistent flow behavior with the production history data in shorter time, compared to a comprehensive simulator. The selected realizations are the input of the second stage of the workflow, which can be any type of the realization selection method. In this study, we used the most convenient realization selection method, i.e., ranking of the realizations. To select the most efficient ranking measure, we investigated the degree of the linear correlation between the ranks based on the several ranking measures and the performance parameter. In addition, due to the shortcomings of the traditional ranking methods in uncertainty quantiles identification, a modified ranking method is introduced. This modification increases the certainty in the probability of the selected realizations. The obtained results on 3D close-to-real synthetic reservoir models revealed the capability of the modified ranking method in more accurate quantification of the uncertainty in reservoir performance prediction.
Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Gels
Authors: Zhang Haohui , Dehghany Mohammad , Hu Yuhang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyelectrolyte (PE) gels consist of crosslinked polymer networks that are grafted with ionizable groups and ionic solution. Many stimuli-responsive gels, including pH-responsive, electric-responsive, and light-responsive ones, are PE gels. Most soft biological components are also PE gels. Due to the increasing scientific interests and applications of PE gels, a comprehensive model is needed. In PE gels, not only solvent, but also ions and other small molecules all diffuse inside, and the flows of the different components are coupled. This phenomenon is called cross-diffusion, meaning the flow of one species is not only driven by its own chemical potential gradient, but also influenced by the flow of other species. In this work, we develop a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework to study the coupled deformation and diffusion of the PE gels where cross-diffusion is emphasized and quantified. Specific forms of free energy and kinetic laws are proposed. A finite element method is developed and implemented into abaqus through a user element subroutine. The model is used to simulate the deformation of biological axon and PE gels.The numerical results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that cross-diffusion generates anomalous effects not only on the flux but also on the deformation of PE gels.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Strengthening Behavior of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets in Hot Forming–Quenching Integrated Process
Authors: Chen Shichao , Gu Ruiying , Liu Qi , Wang Wurong , Wei Xicheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
7xxx-Series aluminum alloys have a wide application prospect in the automotive industry due to its higher strength than other series of aluminum alloy. However, little literature has been reported on the formability and strengthening behavior of 7xxx-series aluminum alloys for the structural components of body in white (BIW). In this paper, the formability and strengthening behavior of 7075-T6 were investigated systematically under hot forming–quenching (HFQ) integrated process. First, compound dies with rod-heated blank holder and water-cooled lower punch and upper die were set up for experiment. For low adhesion friction and high cooling rate, the optimum blanking temperature was determined as 400 °C. Second, forming state, thickness distribution, and temperature field were investigated through experiment and finite element simulations. A-pillar reinforcement panel was successfully manufactured based on the simulation results. The simulation data showed that the maximum thinning rate of the whole part is about 14.25%, and the maximum thickening rate is about 1.95%. Third, the formability and quench sensitivity of u7075-T6 were achieved through time–temperature–transformation (TTT) curves and continuous cooling precipitation (CCP) diagrams combined with the thermo-mechanical coupling simulation. Finally, the strengthening was measured by testing the tensile strength and Vickers hardness at different positions of formed parts after artificial aging process. The testing result showed that the strength of the formed parts after artificial aging at 120 °C for 24 h were 162.7–172.2 HV and 505–528 MPa, respectively.
Influence of the Manufacturing Process on the Local Properties of Bronze-Bonded Grinding Tools
Authors: Bouabid Abdelhamid , Denkena Berend , Breidenstein Bernd , Krödel Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe process behavior of a grinding tool is defined by the sum of interactions between the active abrasive grains and the workpiece. These interactions depend on the workpiece material, the manipulated parameters of the grinding process, and the tool properties. The tool properties are defined within the tool manufacturing process. In this context, the effects of the abrasive, the bond, and the sinter process on the global properties such as hardness, porosity, and fracture strength of the grinding layer are content of several research works. In contrast to this, the effects on the local properties, which define the grain/bond interface and therefore the process behavior at microscopic scale, have not yet been identified. This paper deals with identifying the influence of the sintering process on the local properties of the grinding layer. This is achieved by investigating the densification as well as the bond microstructure depending on the sintering parameters and on the specification of the initial mixture. As a use case, the bronze bond is considered. The results show that the input parameters have a significant impact on the homogeneity of the grinding layer. Due to the diffusion processes during sintering, there are densification gradients as well as tin concentration gradients in the grinding layer. The local tin concentration gradients imply different local mechanical and thermal properties. For this reason, each abrasive grain has unique interface properties.
Approaches to Predicting the Vertical Transmissibility of a Suspension Seat With a Seated Subject
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Meihuan , Qiu Yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, four methods were put forward to predict the transmissibility of an air suspension seat with a seated subject. For characterizing the dynamics of the suspension seat, two of the methods were based on developing a model of the air suspension seat and calibrating the parameters using the transmissibilities of the suspension and complete seat respectively with an inert mass from the experiment. The other two methods substituted the detailed modeling of the seat by two dynamic stiffness connecting in series calculated from two same transmissibilities measured in the experiment. For characterizing the biodynamics of the human body, two of the methods took advantage of the normalized apparent mass from published papers to take the place of the human model, while the other two methods made use of one measured seat transmissibility with a subject to deduce the apparent masses of all the subjects. Good agreement was illustrated between the experiment and model prediction for all the four methods. In addition, it also exhibited that a large discrepancy can be resulted in, especially in the high-frequency range, if the seat model was substituted by one integrated dynamic stiffness.
A New Analytical Path-Reshaping Model and Solution Algorithm for Contour Error Pre-Compensation in Multi-Axis Computer Numerical Control Machining
Authors: Chen Mansen , Sun Yuwen , Xu Jinting 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reduction of contour error is crucial for multi-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining to produce products with required geometric and dimensional accuracy. Although various contour error pre-compensation methods have been developed, few studies are dedicated to five-axis machines when compared with three-axis ones. In this paper, a new contour error pre-compensation method that integrates analytical prediction of contour error, optimal path-reshaping model, and decoupling solution algorithm is proposed for five-axis machining. First, by analyzing the dynamic responses of servo drive to the typical step and ramp signals, linear expression of servo tracking error with respect to the sequence of discrete axis positions is yielded for the prediction of contour error ahead of servo loops. Then, using the Taylor-series expansion and the pseudo-inverse matrix of the Jacobian function, a least-square optimization-based path-reshaping model that implies the satisfaction condition of zero contour error is analytically built. Thus, the complicated nonlinear contour error pre-compensation problem is converted into a simple quadratic programming problem. Concerning the effects of tool orientation reshaping on tool-tip contouring accuracy, a simple yet effective synchronous compensation strategy is subsequently proposed, through which both tool tip and tool orientation contour errors are reduced to near-zero without any iteration. To address the neighbor-dependence of the contour error compensation in adjacent cutter locations, a progressive solution algorithm with linear computational complexity is also briefly presented. Both numerical simulations and laboratorial experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experimental and Simulation Study on the Response Characteristics of Engine Blades Under Thermo-Acoustic-Vibration Load
Authors: Huang Shouqing , Yao Zemin , Liu Shouwen , Yang Jiang , Liu Dazhi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thermal, acoustic, and vibration loads are important to affect the strength and durability of many aerospace products, especially the compressor blades, solar wings, antennas, etc. In extreme cases, a strong acoustic load combined with vibration and thermal loads may cause blade fatigue damage or even failure. In the study, an experimental device is designed to simulate the thermo-acoustic-vibration comprehensive load. Based on the tested strain data, the response characteristics under the thermo-acoustic-vibration load are investigated experimentally. Besides, a finite element method (FEM) model considering the acoustic-vibration coupling and material parameters dependent on temperature is presented applying software ansys-workbench to calculate stress and strain frequency responses of the blades, and the results agree well with the experimental results. The work will help understand failure mechanism of aerospace products under a comprehensive load of thermo-acoustic-vibration.
Experimental Characterization of High-Amplitude Fluid–Structure Interaction of a Flexible Hydrofoil at High Reynolds Number
Authors: Elbing Brian R. , Young Steven D. , Jonson Michael L. , Campbell Robert L. , Craven Brent A. , Kunz Robert F. , Koudela Kevin L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) experiment was performed to study low-frequency (∼10 Hz), high-amplitude (±3.5% of the span) fin motion. This was achieved by placing an Inconel swept-fin at −9.6 deg angle-of-attack within the wake of a roughened cylinder. Speeds between 2.5 and 3.6 m/s produced cylinder diameter-based Reynolds numbers between 190,000 and 280,000, respectively. Detailed descriptions of the geometry, material/structural behavior, fluid properties, and initial conditions are provided to facilitate computational model development. Given the initial conditions, the resulting forced fin behavior was characterized with measurements of the mean and fluctuating velocity upstream of the fin (i.e., within the cylinder wake), fin tip/surface motion, and fin constraint forces/moments. This work provides a detailed experimental dataset of conditions mimicking a crashback event that is also a challenging FSI benchmark problem involving turbulent, vortex-induced structure motion. It has been used as a validation condition for FSI simulations, and it can be used to validate other FSI models as well as identifying strengths and weaknesses of various modeling approaches.