bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-extubation functional residual capacity and risk of extubation failure among patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Chen Hui-Chuan , Ruan Sheng-Yuan , Huang Chun-Ta , Huang Pei-Yu , Chien Jung-Yien , Kuo Lu-Cheng , Kuo Ping-Hung , Wu Huey-Dong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypoxemic respiratory failure is usually accompanied with a certain extent of consolidation and alveolar derecruitment, which may still be present even after the patients have achieved the status of readiness to extubate. Functional residual capacity (FRC) is an indicator of lung aeration. This study aimed to evaluate whether pre-extubation FRC is associated with the risk of extubation failure in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. We prospectively included 92 patients intubated for hypoxemic respiratory failure. We used a technique based on a nitrogen multiple breath washout method to measure FRC before the planned extubation. The median FRC before extubation was 25 mL/kg (Interquartile range, 20–32 mL/Kg) per predicted body weight (pBW). After extubation, 20 patients (21.7%) were reintubated within 48 hours. The median FRC was higher in the extubation success group than in the extubation failure group (27 versus 21 mL/Kg, p < 0.001). Reduced FRC was associated with higher risk of extubation failure (odds ratio, 1.14 per each decreased of 1 mL/Kg of FRC/pBW, 95% CI, 1.05–1.23, p = 0.002). In conclusion, pre-extubation FRC is associated with the risk of extubation failure. Reduced FRC may be incorporated into the traditional risk factors to identify patients at high risk for extubation failure.
Speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes derived from the experimental pvt data and an improved quantum law of corresponding state
Authors: Ma Xiaojun , Tang Xing , Wang Zongwei , Wang Qi , Gao Dangzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes can be applied to accurately determine the density, virial coefficient and equation of state. The functional relation between the speed of sound in a real gas and the experimental PVT data is derived from the virial equation of states. Utilizing the relation, the speed of sound in n-H2 is calculated from the experimental PVT data available. The calculated results illustrate that the presented method has an accuracy of better than 0.25% within the pressure range of below 1500 atm. However, there is little experimental PVT data available for n-T2, therefore, an improved quantum law of corresponding state (IQLCS) method, which is based on the physical nature that the different virial coefficients represent the interaction between the different number of molecules, is proposed for obtaining the speed of sound in n-T2. Utilizing the IQLCS method, the speed of sound in n-T2 can be obtained from the available speed of sound data in n-H2 or n-D2 via scaling the corresponding fitting coefficients at same temperature and pressure. The simulated results demonstrate that the IQLCS method is more accurate than the classical law of corresponding state(CLCS) and the maximum deviation is about 0.52% over the pressure range of below 1500 atm.
Planet formation around M dwarfs via disc instability
Authors: Mercer Anthony , Stamatellos Dimitris 
Published: January 2020

Context. Around 30 per cent of the observed exoplanets that orbit M dwarf stars are gas giants that are more massive than Jupiter. These planets are prime candidates for formation by disc instability.
Aims. We want to determine the conditions for disc fragmentation around M dwarfs and the properties of the planets that are formed by disc instability.
Methods. We performed hydrodynamic simulations of M dwarf protostellar discs in order to determine the minimum disc mass required for gravitational fragmentation to occur. Different stellar masses, disc radii, and metallicities were considered. The mass of each protostellar disc was steadily increased until the disc fragmented and a protoplanet was formed.
Results. We find that a disc-to-star mass ratio between ~0.3 and ~0.6 is required for fragmentation to happen. The minimum mass at which a disc fragment increases with the stellar mass and the disc size. Metallicity does not significantly affect the minimum disc fragmentation mass but high metallicity may suppress fragmentation. Protoplanets form quickly (within a few thousand years) at distances around ~50 AU from the host star, and they are initially very hot; their centres have temperatures similar to the ones expected at the accretion shocks around planets formed by core accretion (up to 12 000 K). The final properties of these planets (e.g. mass and orbital radius) are determined through long-term disc-planet or planet–planet interactions.
Conclusions. Disc instability is a plausible way to form gas giant planets around M dwarfs provided that discs have at least 30% the mass of their host stars during the initial stages of their formation. Future observations of massive M dwarf discs or planets around very young M dwarfs are required to establish the importance of disc instability for planet formation around low-mass stars.
Die Arzneibeziehung zwischen Causticum und Arsenicum album
Authors: Gerstenhöfer Anna 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Behandlung einer Patientin mit Parkinson-Syndrom und gastrointestinalen Störungen wird die Arzneibeziehung zwischen Causticum und Arsenicum album dargestellt. Auf dieser Basis folgen allgemeine Überlegungen zur Bedeutung von Arzneibeziehungen. In der Literatur finden sich keine klaren Begriffsdefinitionen auf diesem Gebiet. Zwischenmittel sind häufig dann angezeigt, wenn sich chronische Infektionskrankheiten oder deren Folgezustände durch für sie typische Symptome bemerkbar machen. Möglicherweise ist im vorliegenden Fall Arsenicum album als spezifisches Mittel zur Behandlung eines spezifischen pathologischen Darmkeimes zu sehen. Jüngere Erkenntnisse weisen auf einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen intestinaler Dysbiose und der Entwicklung eines Parkinson-Syndroms hin.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of Block Recession Trochleoplasty and Partial Parasagittal Patellectomy in Cats
Authors: Brioschi Valentina , Rutherford Lynda , Newell Karin , Trotter Caroline , Arthurs Gareth I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess computed tomography (CT) images of cadaveric feline stifles and record the relationship between the patella and femoral trochlea in normal stifles; then to investigate the effect of block recession trochleoplasty (BRT) with and without partial parasagittal patellectomy (PPP) on patellofemoral contact, depth of patellar recession and size of trochlea and patella.
Materials and Methods The sample population included six cat cadavers (12 stifles). Preoperative CT scans with stifles in three positions: extended (155–165°), neutral (85–95°) and flexed (35–45°). Lateral stifle arthrotomy was followed by BRT. CT scans were taken as above. PPP was performed so the width of the patella was 1 mm narrower than the BRT. CT scans were repeated and CT measurements were taken.
Results The area of contact between the patella and femoral trochlea was significantly reduced after BRT and then significantly increased after PPP. The depth of patellar recession was unchanged after BRT, but then was significantly higher after PPP. The patella was wider than the trochlea preoperatively and post-BRT and narrower post-PPP. Reduction in bone volume following PPP (mean: 20%) was 50% the reduction in patella width (mean: 40%).
Conclusion Block recession trochleoplasty did not improve patellar recession and decreased patellofemoral contact area. Following BRT, the patella rides the trochlear ridges and loses contact with the trochlear sulcus. Block recession trochleoplasty alone should not be performed in cats. Instead, BRT should be combined with PPP.
Regulation of Pregnancy: Evidence for Major Roles by the Uterine and Placental Kisspeptin/KISS1R Signaling Systems
Authors: Radovick Sally , Babwah Andy V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral studies provide strong evidence suggesting that in addition to central kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling, the peripheral uterine- and placental-based kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling systems are major regulators of pregnancy. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the uterine-based system regulates embryo implantation and decidualization, while both the uterine- and placental-based systems regulate placentation. Uterine kisspeptin and KISS1R regulate embryo implantation by controlling the availability of endometrial glandular secretions, like leukemia inhibitory factor, which are essential for embryo adhesion to the uterine epithelium. As for decidualization, the data suggest that decidualized stromal cells express KISS1R and secrete kisspeptin-inhibiting decidual cell motility and thereby indirectly regulate embryo and placental invasion of the uterus. Similarly, for placentation, placental kisspeptin and KISS1R negatively regulate extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion and thereby directly control placental invasion of the uterus. Having recognized a significant role for the uterine- and placental-based kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling systems regulating pregnancy, the future looks promising for the development of kisspeptin and KISS1R as prognostic and diagnostic markers of pregnancy disorders and the use of kisspeptin as a therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of conditions such as recurring implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preeclampsia.
“A collective fixation of meaning”
Authors: Brentari Carlo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present contribution aims at offering an exposition and a critical evaluation of the philosophical-anthropological theory of the origin of language developed by the American philosopher Susanne K. Langer (1895–1985). Langer’s theory traces human language and, in particular, its denotative and communicative functions, back to the expressive vocal utterances of the pre-human beings from which humanity would have derived. In her inquiry, Langer refers in particular to the article “The festal origin of the human speech” (1891–92), written by the psychologist J. Donovan. In his study, Donovan outlines a possible scenario of the birth of language out from pre-linguistic utterances: the spontaneous gatherings that hominids would have dedicated to emotionally relevant events and objects (the death of a conspecific, a killed predator or enemy). Langer refers to Donovan’s study (which she considers as a sort of fecund thought experiment) in order to highlight some basic anthropological, evolutionary, and semiotic requisites that a plausible theory on the origin of language has to fulfil. Langer’s own proposal for such a theory bases on the assumption that the functions of language (expression, denotation, communication) are separately conveyed by the different elements of the ritual situation: collective vocalizations, the festal objects themselves, and the inner images that individuals retain of the ritual experience. In its final part, the paper includes an evaluation of Langer’s theory, in particular of its semiotic and anthropological-philosophical relevance among the contributions that support (at least partially, as we will see) the thesis of the social origin of language.
The TV addresses of the Swiss government before popular votes
Authors: Schröter Juliane M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes an important genre in the public debates before popular votes in Switzerland: the TV addresses in which the Swiss government presents its standpoint and main arguments for or against the proposal put to the vote. The paper investigates a series of addresses in order to characterize the argumentation in them. The question is whether the addresses show similarities and, if there are any, what their pragmatic effects on the argumentation might be. The addresses are studied with concepts and methods from linguistics and argumentation theory: with regard to the role of the non-verbal modes, the composition, the relation between argumentation and other practices, the argumentative macro- and micro-structure, and personal references. In all these aspects, recurrent features can be identified. Many of these features can be understood as highly functional for the Swiss political system with its far-reaching direct democratic rights. They effectuate an argumentation that is rather informative than confrontational.
The training induced increase in whole‐body peak fat oxidation rate may be attenuated with aging
Authors: Frandsen Jacob , Beck Thomas , Langkilde Cæcilie Haugaard , Larsen Steen , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn attenuated ability to appropriately oxidize fat (metabolic inflexibility) has been associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have found that regular exercise training increases the body's ability to oxidize fat during exercise, but also shown that fat oxidation at the same relative and absolute exercise intensity is lower in old compared with young adults. Based on these studies we investigated the effect of training status on the whole‐body peak fat oxidation rate (PFO) during exercise in young and middle‐aged trained and untrained men. We hypothesized that aging was associated with decreased PFO, but regular exercise training could counteract this decline. 36 healthy non‐overweight young and middle‐aged men were recruited into a four groups: young (27 [24–30] yrs, (Mean [95% CI])) untrained (⩒O2peak: 47 [44–49] ml/min/kg), young (28 [26–30] yrs) trained (⩒O2peak: 64 [62–67] ml/min/kg), middle‐aged (55 [53–57] yrs) untrained (⩒O2peak: 37 [32–42] ml/min/kg) and middle‐aged (54 [51–57] yrs) trained (⩒O2peak: 55 [51–58] ml/min/kg). PFO was measured by indirect calorimetry while subjects performed a validated incremental exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer. Whole‐body peak fat oxidation rate was higher in the young trained compared to young untrained subjects (0.70 [0.65–0.75] vs.0.45 [0.36–0.54] g/min, post‐hoc: p < 0.001); however, this training effect was attenuated in middle‐aged trained and untrained subjects (0.44 [0.38–0.50] vs. 0.41 [0.35–0.47] g/min, post‐hoc: p = 0.83, respectively). In summary, these findings suggest that the training induced effects on whole‐body fat oxidation found in young men may be attenuated in middle‐aged men.
Hepatitis A virus structural protein pX interacts with ALIX and promotes the secretion of virions and foreign proteins through exosome‐like vesicles
Authors: Jiang Wang , Ma Pengjuan , Deng Libin , Liu Zhi , Wang Xu , Liu Xiyu , Long Gang 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTHepatitis A virus (HAV), a classic nonenveloped virus, has recently been found to be released mainly in the form of quasi‐enveloped HAV (eHAV) by hijacking host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) complexes. Unlike the nonenveloped virion, eHAV contains the viral protein pX on the surface of the HAV capsid as an extension of VP1. How HAV capsids acquire the host envelope and whether the pX protein is involved in this process were previously unknown. Here, we analyse the role of pX in foreign protein secretion in exosome‐like extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the formation of eHAV. Fusion of pX to eGFP guided eGFP into exosome‐like EVs through directing eGFP into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and apoptosis‐linked gene 2‐interacting protein X (ALIX) release was significantly enhanced. Coimmunoprecipitation (co‐IP) demonstrated the interaction between pX and the ALIX V domain. Removal of the C‐terminal half of pX abolished eHAV release and reduced the interaction between the HAV virion and ALIX. Finally, the C‐terminal half of pX alone was sufficient for loading eGFP into EVs by interacting with ALIX. In conclusion, the C‐terminal part of pX is important for eHAV production and may have potential for large protein complex loading into exosome‐like EVs for therapeutic purposes.
Discrete time-crystalline order in Bose–Hubbard model with dissipation
Authors: Dai C M , Gu Z C , Yi X X 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Periodically driven quantum systems manifest various non-equilibrium features which are absent at equilibrium. For example, discrete time-translation symmetry can be broken in periodically driven quantum systems leading to an exotic phase of matter, called discrete time crystal (DTC). For open quantum systems, previous studies showed that DTC can be found only when there exists a meta-stable state in the undriven system. However, by investigating the simplest Bose–Hubbard model with dissipation and time periodically tunneling, we find in this paper that a 2T DTC can appear even when the meta-stable state is absent in the undriven system. This observation extends the understanding of DTC and shed more light on the physics behind the DTC. Besides, by the detailed analysis of simplest two-sites model, we show further that the two-sites model can be used as basic building blocks to construct large rings in which a nT DTC might appear. These results might find applications into engineering exotic phases in driven open quantum systems.
Alleviating oscillatory approximate-kernel solutions for cylindrical antennas embedded in a conducting medium: a numerical and asymptotic study
Authors: Mavrogordatos Th K , Mystilidis C , Papakanellos P J , Fikioris G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We alleviate the unnatural oscillations occurring in the current distribution along a linear cylindrical antenna center-driven by a delta-function generator and embedded in a conducting medium. The intensely fluctuating current arises as a small-z
0 asymptotic (or numerical) solution of the classical integral equations of antenna theory, for a cylindrical dipole of infinite (or finite) length, where z
0 is the discretization length. To alleviate the oscillations, we employ an appropriate effective current further to the recent remedy of oscillations attained for a perfectly conducting linear cylindrical antenna of finite length for the case where the surrounding medium is free space. We derive asymptotic formulas for the infinite antenna, which are then put to numerical test. Furthermore, we point to the physical significance of the effective current whose function transcends a mere computational device.
CMS experiment: Physics overview
Authors: Alexakhin Vadim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An overview of physics results from the CMS experiment at the LHC is given. The present analysis is based on data obtained for colliding proton beams at the c.m. energies of

s

=
8

and 13 TeV over the period of LHC Run-1 and Run-2.
New unique data on interactions of Standard Model particles at record energies were obtained in the course of the first run of LHC operation. The Higgs boson was discovered, and investigation of its properties was initiated. Measurements were performed for Standard Model processes, including rare and previously unobserved ones. This permitted refining some parameters of the Standard Mode and setting limits on the parameters of some theoretical models beyond the Standard Model, for example, on the masses of new particles, on the fundamental energy scales, on the coupling constants, and on the cross sections for the production of new particles.
Overview of recent HERMES results
Authors: Marukyan Hrachya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The HERMES experiment has collected a wealth of data using the 27.6 GeV polarized HERA lepton beam and various polarized and unpolarized gaseous targets. This allows for a series of unique measurements of observables sensitive to the multidimensional (spin) structure of the nucleon, in particular semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) measurements.
In this contribution, transverse single-spin asymmetry, longitudinal single- and double-spin asymmetries in SIDIS will be presented. The azimuthally uniform double-spin asymmetries using longitudinally polarized nucleons constrain the flavour dependence of the quark-spin contribution to the nucleon spin. For a first time, such asymmetries are explored differential in three dimensions in Bjorken-x and the in the hadron kinematics z and P

h± (which respectively represent the energy fraction and transverse momentum of the final-state hadron) simultaneously. This approach increases the quark-flavour sensitivity and allows to probe the transverse-momentum dependence of the helicity distribution. The measurement of hadron charge-difference asymmetries allows, under certain simplifying assumptions, the direct extraction of valence quark polarisations.
The azimuthal modulation of this double-spin as well as of the single-(beam)spin asymmetry probe novel quark-gluon-quark correlations through twist-3 distribution and fragmentation functions. Also here, asymmetries are explored in several dimensions. Furthermore, in case of the beam-spin asymmetry, results for electro-produced protons and antiprotons have become available. The beam-spin asymmetries for pions are compared to similar measurements for pions at CLAS and unidentified hadrons at COMPASS.
Effects of urbanization on food-energy-water systems in mega-urban regions: a case study of the Bohai MUR, China
Authors: Deng Caiyun , Wang Hongrui , Gong Shuxin , Zhang Jie , Yang Bo , Zhao Ziyang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The security of food-energy-water (FEW) systems is an issue of global concern, especially in mega-urban regions (MURs) with high-density populations, industries and carbon emissions. To better understand the hidden links between urbanization and FEW systems, the pressure on FEW systems was quantified in a typical rapidly urbanizing region—the Bohai MUR. The correlations between urbanization indicators and the pressure on FEW systems were analyzed and the mechanism of the impact of urbanization on FEW systems was further investigated. The results showed that approximately 23% of cropland was lost, 61% of which was lost via conversion to construction land and urban areas expanded by 132.2% in the Bohai MUR during 1980–2015. The pressure on FEW systems showed an upward trend, with the stress index of the pressure on FEW systems (FEW_SI) ranging from 80.49% to 134.82%. The dominant pressure consisting of that has converted from water system pressure to energy system pressure since 2004. The FEW_SI in the Bohai MUR was enhanced with cropland loss and increases in urbanization indicators. Additionally, land use, populations, incomes, policies and innovation are the main ways that urbanization affects FEW systems in MURs. This study enhances our understanding of the variation in pressure on FEW systems in MURs and the effects of urbanization on FEW systems, which will help stakeholders to enhance the resilience of FEW systems and promote sustainable regional development.
Contrasting contributions of flows on different time scales to tropical cyclone tracks over the South China Sea
Authors: Cao Xi , Wu Renguang , Bi Mingyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the relative contributions of components of flows on multiple time scales to westward and eastward-moving tropical cyclones (TCs) over the South China Sea (SCS) from a local and instantaneous perspective of TC position along the TC tracks during June to October from 1965 to 2015. The total steering flows obtained by vertical integration of winds from 850 to 300 hPa averaged along the entire TC tracks are separated into climatological mean flows, interannual, intraseasonal, and synoptic time scales. For westward-moving TCs, the zonal steering flows are contributed dominantly by climatological mean easterly, whereas the meridional steering flows are contributed dominantly by climatological mean and synoptic-scale southerly winds. In contrast, for eastward-moving TCs, the zonal steering flows are contributed equally by the intraseasonal and synoptic components, while the meridional steering flows are contributed dominantly by climatological mean southerly winds along with the secondary contribution of synoptic-scale southerly winds. This work provides a better understanding of relative contributions of different time scale components of steering flows to the TC motions over the SCS.