bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronically Monitored Nicotine Gum Use Before and After Smoking Lapses: Relationship With Lapse and Relapse
Authors: Schlam Tanya R , Baker Timothy B , Smith Stevens S , Bolt Daniel M , McCarthy Danielle E , Cook Jessica W , Hayes-Birchler Todd , Fiore Michael C , Piper Megan E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Greater use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is related to smoking cessation success, but the causal direction is unclear. This study characterized the relationship between NRT use and smoking lapse and relapse.

Methods
Participants (N = 416 smokers; 57% female, 85% White) were recruited from primary care for a smoking cessation factorial experiment and analyzed if abstaining ≥1 day in the first 2 weeks post-target quit day (TQD). Participants were randomized to counseling and 8 versus 26 weeks of nicotine patch plus nicotine gum post-TQD. Participants carried electronic dispensers that timestamped each gum use. Participants who lapsed (smoked after abstaining) within 6 weeks post-TQD were matched with nonlapsers (n = 146 pairs) on multiple variables. We compared lapsers’ versus matched nonlapsers’ gum use in the 5 days before and after the lapsers’ first lapse.

Results
By week 6 post-TQD, 63% of participants lapsed. Compared with nonlapsers, lapsers used less gum 1 and 2 days pre-“lapse” and on the 5 days post-lapse. Lapsers used less gum during the 5 days post-lapse than the 5 days pre-lapse. Univariate survival analyses with lapsers showed greater gum use during both pre- and post-lapse periods predicted longer latency to relapse in the first 6 weeks.

Conclusions
In a smoking cessation attempt using nicotine patch plus gum, lapsers versus matched nonlapsers used less gum immediately preceding and following their first lapse. Lower mean gum use before and after lapses predicted a more rapid escalation to relapse. Decreased nicotine gum use both precedes and follows returns to smoking during cessation attempts.

Implications
This research examined electronically monitored nicotine gum use collected in real time and found that among smokers engaged in a quit attempt, lapsers (vs. matched nonlapsers) tended to decrease their gum use 1–2 days prior to lapsing and to further decrease their gum use from pre- to post-lapse. Decreased gum use pre-lapse may signal heightened lapse risk in 1–2 days, with lower level of gum use predicting a more precipitous course of relapse. These results encourage further exploration of objective measures of smoking medication use patterns to examine their signaling properties and to inform understanding of cessation failure.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01120704.
The Conservative Party Leadership Election of 2019: An Analysis of the Voting Motivations of Conservative Parliamentarians
Authors: Jeffery David , Heppell Timothy , Roe-Crines Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article provides an empirical analysis of the voting behaviour of Conservative parliamentarians in the final parliamentary ballot of the Conservative Party leadership election of 2019. We construct a dataset for the parliamentary Conservative Party and then put forward hypotheses that will consider the possible Eurosceptic, party political, economic and/or ideological motivations for the voting behaviour of Conservative parliamentarians in the final parliamentary ballot. Our findings demonstrate that support for Johnson and Hunt was structured around age and voting behaviour in the European Union (EU) membership referendum, with support for Gove drawn from those who voted for May’s Withdrawal Agreement in the first meaningful vote. Other factors, such as the economic impact of Brexit on constituencies and social liberalism, were not found to be statistically significant.
Spectroscopic properties of the dwarf nova-type cataclysmic variables observed by LAMOST
Authors: Han Zhongtao , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Qian Shengbang , Xiaohui Fang , Wang Qishan , Zhu Liying , Dong Aijun , Zhi Qijun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spectra of 76 known dwarf novae from the LAMOST survey were presented. Most of the objects were observed in quiescence, and about 16 systems have typical outburst spectra. 36 of these systems were observed by SDSS, and most of their spectra are similar to the SDSS spectra. Two objects, V367 Peg and V537 Peg, are the first spectra of the object. The spectrum of V367 Peg shows a contribution from an M-type donor and its spectral type could be estimated as M3-5 by combining its orbital period. The signature of a white dwarf spectrum can be seen clearly in four low-accretion-rate WZ Sge stars. Other special spectral features worthy of further observations are also noted and discussed. We present a LAMOST spectral atlas of outbursting dwarf novae. Six objects have their first outburst spectra given here, and the others were also compared with the published outburst spectra. We argue that these data will be useful for further investigation of the accretion disc properties. The He ii λ4686 emission line can be found in the outburst spectra of seven dwarf novae. These objects are excellent candidates for probing the spiral asymmetries of accretion disc.
Use of biologic or targeted-synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and risk of diabetes treatment intensification in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Sarah K , Lee Hemin , Jin Yinzhu , Liu Jun , Kim Seoyoung C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Given that RA treatment might affect the severity of diabetes mellitus (DM), we compared the risk of DM treatment intensification in patients with both RA and DM newly initiating a biologic DMARD or tofacitinib.

Methods
Using claims data from the IBM MarketScan database (2005–2016), we identified patients aged ≥18 years with RA who initiated abatacept, a TNF inhibitor (TNFi), rituximab, tocilizumab or tofacitinib. Patients were required to have type 1 or type 2 DM and to use at least one antidiabetic drug at baseline. We assessed DM treatment intensification (i.e. addition of a new insulin or non-insulin antidiabetic medication). We also assessed non-insulin antidiabetic medication switching events.

Results
We included 10 019 patients with RA and DM initiating a biologic DMARD or tofacitinib. Baseline insulin use was the highest in rituximab initiators (44%) and lowest in tofacitinib initiators (35%). The incidence rate per 1000 person-years for DM treatment intensification ranged from 148.2 (tofacitinib) to 198.0 (rituximab). The risk of DM treatment intensification was similar between abatacept and TNFi [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.15], rituximab (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.23) and tocilizumab (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.19), but lower for tofacitinib compared with abatacept (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.90). The risk of non-insulin DM treatment switching was not different between abatacept and other biologic DMARDs.

Conclusion
In patients with both RA and DM, we found no difference in the risk of DM treatment switching or intensification after initiating abatacept vs TNFi, rituximab and tocilizumab, whereas the risk appeared to be lower for tofacitinib.
Xylem sap phosphorus sampling using microdialysis—a non-destructive high sampling frequency method tested under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Jeřábek Jakub , Rinderer Michael , Gessler Arthur , Weiler Markus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For a better understanding of plant nutrition processes, it is important to study the flux of nutrients within plants. However, existing xylem sap sampling methods are typically destructive and do not allow for repeated, highly frequent measurements of nutrient concentration. In this paper, we present a novel use of microdialysis (MD) for characterizing xylem sap phosphate (PO43−) concentration as a possible alternative to destructive sampling. First, MD probes were tested under laboratory conditions in vitro, in a stirred solution test, and in vivo, using beech tree stem segments. Exponential decline in the relative recovery (RR) with an increasing MD pumping rate allows for determining an optimal sampling interval (i.e., the maximum amount of sample volume with the minimum required concentration). The RR changed only minimally, with a change in the simulated sap flow velocity during the in vivo stem segment test. This suggests that MD can be applied over a range of naturally occurring sap flow velocities. Differences in the ionic strength between the xylem sap and the perfusate pumped through the MD did not influence the RR. Then, MD was successfully applied in a 24 h field campaign in two beech trees of different ages and allowed for in situ assessments of the diurnal variation of PO43− concentration and (together with xylem flow measurements) flux variability in living trees. Both beech trees exhibited the same diurnal pattern in PO43− concentrations with higher concentrations in the younger tree. The xylem PO43− concentration measured with MD was in the same order of magnitude as that received through destructive sampling in the younger tree. The MD probes did not show a decline in RR after the field application. We showed that MD can be applied to capture the PO43− concentration dynamics in the xylem sap with bihourly resolution under field conditions.
Dual infection and recombination of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus revealed by whole-genome sequence analysis of effusion samples
Authors: Cornejo Castro Elena M , Marshall Vickie , Lack Justin , Lurain Kathryn , Immonen Taina , Labo Nazzarena , Fisher Nicholas C , Ramaswami Ramya , Polizzotto Mark N , Keele Brandon F , Yarchoan Robert , Uldrick Thomas S , Whitby Denise 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of three malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and KSHV-associated multicentric Castelman disease. KSHV infected patients may also have an interleukin six-related KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome. KSHV-associated diseases occur in only a minority of chronically KSHV-infected individuals and often in the setting of immunosuppression. Mechanisms by which KSHV genomic variations and systemic co-infections may affect the pathogenic pathways potentially leading to these diseases have not been well characterized in vivo. To date, the majority of comparative genetic analyses of KSHV have been focused on a few regions scattered across the viral genome. We used next-generation sequencing techniques to investigate the taxonomic groupings of viruses from malignant effusion samples from fourteen participants with advanced KSHV-related malignancies, including twelve with primary effusion lymphoma and two with Kaposi sarcoma and elevated KSHV viral load in effusions. The genomic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of nine isolated, near full-length KSHV genomes revealed extensive evidence of mosaic patterns across all these genomes. Further, our comprehensive NGS analysis allowed the identification of two distinct KSHV genome sequences in one individual, consistent with a dual infection. Overall, our results provide significant evidence for the contribution of KSHV phylogenomics to the origin of KSHV subtypes. This report points to a wider scope of studies to establish genome-wide patterns of sequence diversity and define the possible pathogenic role of sequence variations in KSHV-infected individuals.
The Risk of Cervical Cancer After Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3: A Population-Based Cohort Study With 80,442 Women
Authors: Loopik Diede L. , IntHout Joanna , Ebisch Renée M. F. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Massuger Leon F. A. G. , Siebers Albert G. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2020;157:195–201)
Cervical cancer screening programs and prophylactic high-risk human papillomavirus have significantly decreased the incidence and increased early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which can progress to cervical cancer if left untreated. Surgical excision of CIN is very effective; however, research shows that women who have previously treated CIN are at an increased risk for developing cervical cancer compared with the general population.
Perinatal Outcomes for Untreated Women With Gestational Diabetes by IADPSG Criteria: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Shah B. R. , Sharifi F. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from BJOG 2020;127:116–122)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased among pregnant women as a product of the rise in obesity, advanced maternal age, and sedentarism. Diagnostic criteria for GDM are controversial and heterogeneous across providers.
Neonatal Developmental and Behavioral Outcomes of Immediate Delivery Versus Expectant Monitoring in Mild Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: 5-Year Outcomes of the HYPITAT II Trial
Authors: Zwertbroek Eva F. , Zwertbroek Julia , Broekhuijsen Kim , Franssen Maureen T. M. , Ganzevoort Wessel , Langenveld Josje , Mol Ben W. J. , van Pampus Marielle , Scherjon Sicco , van Baar Anneloes L. , Groen Henk 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020;244:172–179)
One in 10 pregnancies is affected by hypertensive disorders. These disorders, including hypertension, preeclampsia, worsening chronic hypertension, and superimposed preeclampsia, often require intervention in the form of delivery of the baby.
Predictive Value of Midtrimester Universal Cervical Length Screening Based on Parity
Authors: Rosenbloom Joshua I. , Raghuraman Nandini , Temming Lorene A. , Stout Molly J. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Dicke Jeffery M. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from J Ultrasound Med 2020;39:147–154)
Midtrimester universal transvaginal cervical length (TVCL) measurement can be used as a tool to screen for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Currently, the guidelines and recommendations do not differ based on parity, and it is not known whether the predictive value of cervical length (CL) screening for preterm birth differs between multiparous and nulliparous women.
First Place Award: A quantitative analysis of the effect of glenoid bone volume on baseplate failure in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a retrospective case control study
Authors: DelBello Steven , Dopico Pablo , Mihalko William , Brolin Tyler , Azar Frederick , Throckmorton Thomas W. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the glenoid vault bone volumes in patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for inflammatory arthritis to determine if a threshold exists where baseplate fixation is at risk for failure.

Methods:
Fourteen patients who had primary RTSA for inflammatory arthritis were included in this study; 10 had humeral head autografting to augment glenoid deficiency. Four patients experienced baseplate failure with component pull-out from the glenoid. Preoperative glenoid vault volume was measured on CT images.

Results:
The average glenoid vault bone volumes were significantly different between failures and nonfailures for both men and women. The average volume in women with baseplate failure was 3.5 cm3, while the average nonfailure volume in women was 8.6 cm3 (P=0.03). The average glenoid volume in men with baseplate failure was 11.8 cm3, while the average volume in men without failure was 18.3 cm3 (P=0.02). There were no baseplate failures in men with glenoid vault volumes greater than 14 cm3 or in women with volumes greater than 5 cm3.

Conclusions:
Patients with baseplate failure after RTSA for inflammatory arthritis had significantly lower average glenoid vault volumes than their gender-specific counterparts without failure. These findings suggest a level of glenoid volume below which baseplate fixation is potentially compromised: 14 cm3 in men and 5 cm3 in women.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Systemic Absorption and Nephrotoxicity Associated With Topical Vancomycin Powder for Fracture Surgery
Authors: O'Toole Robert V. , Degani Yasmin , Carlini Anthony R. , Castillo Renan C. , O'Hara Nathan N. , Joshi Manjari ,   and METRC
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether using topical vancomycin powder in fracture surgery may result in low levels of vancomycin in the serum and not result in nephrotoxicity.

Design:
Prospective observational at a single site as a substudy of the VANCO trial.

Setting:
Single, large urban level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Fifty-eight patients with tibial plateau and pilon fractures randomized to the treatment arm at the principal investigator's site.

Intervention:
Topical vancomycin powder (1000 mg) applied directly in the wound over all metal implants at the time of wound closure.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Serum vancomycin levels at 1 hour and 6–8 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included serum creatinine before surgery, a day after surgery, and at 2 weeks postoperatively and complete blood count at 2 weeks postoperatively.

Results:
Except in 2 patients who also received intravenous vancomycin, none of the study patients had detectable (>5 µg/mL) serum vancomycin levels at 1 hour and 6–8 hours after surgery. One patient with a history of elevation of serum creatinine had a minor increase of serum creatinine but had undetectable vancomycin levels. None of the other patients had a clinically significant increase in creatinine levels.

Conclusions:
Despite its relatively widespread usage, little data exist regarding the systemic levels and nephrotoxicity associated with the topical use of vancomycin powder in orthopaedic fracture surgery. These prospective data indicate that there seems to be little clinical concern regarding toxicity associated with systemic absorption of vancomycin powder in this specific clinical application.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Twenty-Eight Cases of Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Correlative Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinomas and Benign Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Authors: Boecker Werner , Reusch Michael , Mielke Volker , Reusch Ursula , Hallermann Christian , Loening Thomas , Tiemann Markus , Buchwalow Igor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (ESC) is a rare appendiceal skin tumor. In contrast to ocular sebaceous carcinoma, information about the exact cellular architecture of these lesions is scarce and the histogenesis of ESC is unknown. Here, we extend our previous study and investigate 28 extraocular carcinomas in comparison to 54 benign sebaceous tumors and 8 cases of normal sebaceous glands using a broad spectrum of antibodies against p63, several keratins, adipophilin, EMA, Ki67, androgen receptor, and mismatch repair proteins. This observational study demonstrates that p63- and K5/14-positive basaloid cells are key cells in normal sebaceous gland and in all sebaceous tumors and that these basaloid cells give rise to EMA+, adipophilin+ sebocytes, and K5/14+, K7±, K10± ductal structures. Finally, about half of ESC is associated with superficial in situ neoplasia, which provides evidence that at least part of these carcinomas arises from flat superficial in situ carcinoma. In contrast to the normal sebaceous gland, about half of all sebaceous tumors lack keratin K7. MMR protein IHC-profiles role will be discussed.
An Unusual Histopathological Presentation of Epidermotropic Metastatic Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Savari Omid , Shahabi Ali , Bennett Lauren , Somach Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Epidermotropic metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We report a case of a 56-year-old white man with a history of oral squamous cell carcinoma who presented with multiple papules on the face, eyelid, and chest wall. The histopathologic examination of the skin lesions revealed nests of malignant cells with basaloid features and zones of cytoplasmic vacuolization predominantly within the dermis but focally involving the epidermis. Central necrosis, focal papilla formation, and lymph-vascular invasion were also seen. Two of these lesions, each read by different dermatopathologists, were initially diagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma. However, further evaluation, including adipophilin immunohistochemistry, confirmed the metastatic nature of the skin lesions. Cytoplasmic vacuolization in metastatic deposits of squamous cell carcinoma may mimic primary sebaceous carcinoma. This presentation highlights the need to consider the possibility of a metastatic deposit when making a diagnosis of primary sebaceous carcinoma.
A New Digital Method for Counting Mast Cells in Cutaneous Specific Lesions of Mastocytosis: A Series of Adult Cases of Mastocytosis With Clinical–Pathological Correlations
Authors: Drabent Philippe , Mitri Rana , Le Naour Gilles , Hermine Olivier , Rossignol Julien , Molina Thierry Jo , Barete Stéphane , Fraitag Sylvie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Cutaneous mastocytosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of mast cells in the skin. However, mast cell counting is not always easy and reproducible with classical methods. This work aims to demonstrate the reliability, usability, and virtues of a new software used on digital tablets for counting mast cells in cutaneous specific lesions of mastocytosis, to assess differences in mast cell counts between clinical subtypes of mastocytosis in the skin, and to consider the feasibility of applying a diagnostic mast cell count cutoff to urticaria pigmentosa, which is the most frequent form of cutaneous mastocytosis. Using a new digital tablet software that was accessible by multiple observers through its own wireless network and allowed high resolution of the image without data compression, we counted the number of mast cells on slides of patients and control skins immunostained for CD117. We found that our counting method was highly reproducible and that the new software allowed very quick counting. We evidenced strong differences in the mast cell count between most of the clinical subtypes of mastocytosis in the skin. However, when applied to a subset of patients with urticaria pigmentosa, a diagnostic cutoff in the mast cell count lacked sensitivity. Thus, our digital method for counting CD117-immunostained mast cells was highly accurate and was of a significant value for the diagnosis of mastocytosis in the skin. However, some subtypes with low mast cell counts will still require the application of additional diagnostic criteria.
Explantation of Cloudy Oculentis Intraocular Lens With Primary Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Deflooring of the Capsular Bag
Authors: Pilli Suman , Murjaneh Salem 
Published: June 2020

Background:
To report a novel technique for explantation of cloudy Oculentis intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods:
A retrospective review of patient's electronic records was performed. The technique includes pars plana vitrectomy, deflooring (large posterior capsulectomy) of the capsular bag, IOL explantation with preserving the anterior capsule, and a secondary IOL placement.

Results:
Twenty eyes of 19 symptomatic patients were studied. Preoperative Snellen visual acuity ranged from 6/60 to 6/6; 15 eyes (75%) had visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Postoperative visual acuity ranged from 6/60 to 6/6; 18 eyes (90%) had visual acuity of 6/12 or better, and 2 eyes (10%) had visual acuity worse than 6/12. Among these eyes, 13 eyes (65%) had sulcus-fixated IOL, 5 eyes (25%) had sutureless scleral-fixated IOL, and 2 eyes (10%) had retropupillary iris clip IOL. Perioperative surgical complications included localized choroidal detachment in one eye and retinal detachment in another eye. In addition, most patients reported significant improvement in their postoperative vision satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Our new technique for explantation of cloudy Oculentis IOL provides a standard surgery allowing a safe predictable and repeatable removal of these lenses comparing with the anterior segment approach. This technique could also be used for removal of other IOLs.