bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Vitrimer: Robust Mechanical Performance and Facile Hydrothermal Decomposition in Pure Water
Authors: Liu Tuan , Hao Cheng , Shao Lin , Kuang Wenbin , Cosimbescu Lelia , Simmons Kevin L. , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConventional carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting polymers (CFRPs) are neither recyclable nor repairable due to their crosslinked network. The rapid growing CFRP market raises a serious concern of the waste management. In this work, a viable method to develop a readily recyclable CFRP based on epoxy vitrimer is introduced. First, a self‐catalytic epoxy prepolymer with built‐in hydroxy and tertiary amine groups is designed, which upon reaction with an anhydride formed a catalyst‐free epoxy vitrimer. The epoxy prepolymer is synthesized from a diamine and an excess of bisphenol A epoxy resin. The hydroxyls and tertiary amines of the epoxy prepolymer efficiently catalyze both curing and the dynamic transesterification of the crosslinked polymer without the need of a catalyst. Then, the epoxy vitrimer is used as the matrix resin to prepare CFRP. The resulting CFRP exhibited a tensile strength as high as 356 MPa. More interestingly, the matrix of the CFRP is efficiently degraded in pure water at above 160 °C. This is because the built‐in tertiary amines catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bonds of the crosslinked network. The simple method developed in this work provides a framework for the development of recyclable CFRP.
Superficial temporal artery perforator flaps for reconstruction of intraoral defects
Authors: Schultz Jerette J. , Viviano Stephen L. , Ayyala Haripriya S. , Lee Bryant B. , Keith Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntraoral defects after tumor resection are often reconstructed with free tissue transfer. However, in patients who are not good candidates for free tissue transfer, regional flaps based on the superficial temporal artery can be utilized. The authors present our technique to reconstruct intraoral defects with the superficial temporal artery perforator (STAP) flap and early outcomes.MethodsFive patients underwent STAP flaps for defects including the hard palate, buccal sulcus, floor of mouth, and retromolar trigone between 2017 and 2019. The mean defect size was 5.6 × 3.4 cm2 (3 × 3 cm2 – 7 × 4 cm2). The mean age was 74 (57–88) and all patients had recurrent cancer. External Doppler, indocyanine green laser angiography, and FLIR thermal imaging were used intra‐operatively to identify the best perforators and plan for flap design.ResultsThe mean flap size was 7.6 × 3.5 cm2 (6 × 3 cm2 – 10 × 5 cm2). Four flaps were based off of the posterior branch of the STA, while the fifth was based off of the anterior branch. Two donor sites were closed primarily, and three required skin grafts. One patient experienced partial flap necrosis. There were no complete flap losses and no donor site complications. Average follow up was 14.6 months (9–20 months). All patients maintained preoperative level of speech, mastication, and oral continence.ConclusionsThe STAP flap can be based on the anterior or posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery and is a useful regional flap for intraoral defects after tumor resection.
Evaluation of patient‐specific MR distortion correction schemes for improved target localization accuracy in SRS
Authors: Dellios Dimitrios , Pappas Eleftherios P. , Seimenis Ioannis , Paraskevopoulou Chryssa , Lampropoulos Kostas I. , Lymperopoulou Georgia , Karaiskos Pantelis 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis work aims at promoting target localization accuracy in cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) applications by focusing on the correction of sequence‐dependent (also patient induced) magnetic resonance (MR) distortions at the lesion locations. A phantom‐based quality assurance (QA) methodology was developed and implemented for the evaluation of three distortion correction techniques. The same approach was also adapted to cranial MR images used for SRS treatment planning purposes in single or multiple brain metastases cases.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed head phantom was filled with a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Following treatment planning and dose delivery, volumes of radiation‐induced polymerization served as hypothetical lesions, offering adequate MR contrast with respect to the surrounding unirradiated areas. T1‐weighted (T1w) MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T using the clinical scanning protocol for SRS. Additional images were acquired to implement three distortion correction methods; the field mapping (FM), mean image (MI) and signal integration (SI) techniques. Reference lesion locations were calculated as the averaged centroid positions of each target identified in the forward and reverse read gradient polarity MRI scans. The same techniques and workflows were implemented for the correction of contrast‐enhanced T1w MR images of 10 patients with a total of 27 brain metastases.ResultsAll methods employed in the phantom study diminished spatial distortion. Median and maximum distortion magnitude decreased from 0.7 mm (2.10 ppm) and 0.8 mm (2.36 ppm), respectively, to <0.2 mm (0.61 ppm) at all target locations, using any of the three techniques. Image quality of the corrected images was acceptable, while contrast‐to‐noise ratio slightly increased. Results of the patient study were in accordance with the findings of the phantom study. Residual distortion in corrected patient images was found to be <0.3 mm in the vast majority of targets. Overall, the MI approach appears to be the most efficient correction method from the three investigated.ConclusionsIn cranial SRS applications, patient‐specific distortion correction at the target location(s) is feasible and effective, despite the expense of longer imaging time since additional MRI scan(s) need to be performed. A phantom‐based QA methodology was developed and presented to reassure efficient implementation of correction techniques for sequence‐dependent spatial distortion.
Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with BODIPY derivatives as potential bimodal probes for MRI and optical imaging
Authors: Harris Michael , Ceulemans Matthias , Verstraete Charlotte , Bloemen Maarten , Manshian Bella , Soenen Stefaan J. , Himmelreich Uwe , Verbiest Thierry , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of small monodisperse multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), functionalized with boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives is described. Optical and relaxometric properties of the nanoparticles have been evaluated, suggesting a potential applicability of the particles as bimodal contrast agent for magnetic resonance and optical imaging. The BODIPY funcionalized IONPs showed bright fluorescence and high transverse relaxivity r2 which was in the range 47‐49 mM−1 s−1. Two‐photon fluorescence microscopy experiments performed at 1100 nm revealed that BODIPY‐functionalized IONPs showed significant increase in two‐photon fluorescence compared to the bare nanoparticles, suggesting their potential for applications in multimodal imaging. Cell viability studies on rat tumor (AR42J) and human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells showed no significant cytotoxicity at any of the tested concentrations, while greater sensitivity was observed for human hepatic stellate (GRX), human umbilical vein (HUVEC) and rat insulinoma (INS1) cells at higher nanoparticle concentrations.
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio‐based temperature sensor with single Nd3 + :Y2O3 nanoparticles: Experiment and theoretical modeling
Authors: Galvão Rodrigo , Santos Luiz F. dos , Gonçalves Rogéria R. , Menezes Leonardo de S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA thermometer based on single Nd3 + :Y2O3 nanoparticles is reported. The nanothermometer relies on the ratio of thermally coupled Nd3 + emission lines accessible by either continuous‐wave upconversion under 880 nm or downconversion under 532 nm excitation wavelengths. Both processes are modeled through rate equation systems based on multiphonon interactions between excited luminescent states, which led to excellent agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the Y2O3 effective phonon mode energy was determined, showing the appropriateness of the theoretical approach used. The system presented a relative sensitivity up to 1.36% at 300 K while working within the first biological window, thus particularly useful for biological sensing applications.
The correlation of metacognitive ability, self‐directed learning ability and critical thinking in nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jin Meijuan , Ji Cheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo understand the status quo of metacognitive ability (MA), Self‐directed learning (SDL) ability and critical thinking (CT) ability of five‐year higher vocational nursing students as well as the correlation among them.BackgroundMA, SDL ability and CT are the core abilities that nursing students must have and they are the important factors to improve students’ nursing service quality and lifelong learning ability.DesignA quantitative and cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodThe survey collected data from 3,047 five‐year vocational nursing students with questionnaires April–May in 2020.ResultsThe total score of MA was 81.18 (SD 13.51), SDL ability score was 220.28 (SD 35.09), and CT ability score was 271.96 (SD 26.08). The positive correlations were found between those three (p < .01).ConclusionsThe overall metacognitive ability of nursing students was not high, SDL ability and CT ability were both at a medium level. Health educators need pay attention to cultivation and development of the core competencies.
Camelid consumption at the Inca ceremonial site Maucallacta–Pampacolca. Zooarchaeological analysis of the “Basural 2” deposit
Authors: Kłaput Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe site of Maucallacta (Pampacolca district, department of Arequipa, Peru), identified with the Inca oracle of the sacred mountain Coropuna, was probably an important religious centre in this region during the Late Horizon. The zooarchaeological examination, the results of which are presented in this article, covered the finds from the largest deposit containing animal bones discovered in Maucallacta (Basural 2). Although the presence of shell and—probably—bird offerings has been observed, the vast majority of animal remains belong to Andean camelids. The anatomical selection of camelid remains in Maucallacta, as well as numerous traces of cooking and tool marks, corresponding to butchering methods known from ethnographic observations, indicate that the animals were consumed. The article considers the possibility of the ritual nature of this consumption, such as ceremonial feasts, mentioned in written ethnohistorical sources regarding Inca customs.
Effectiveness and Safety of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with End‐Stage Chronic Kidney Disease or Kidney Transplant
Authors: Guggino Jessica , Coumes Sandrine , Wion Nelly , Reche Fabian , Arvieux Catherine , Borel Anne‐Laure 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate (1) the effectiveness, complications, and postoperative access to transplantation in end‐stage chronic kidney disease (ECKD) and (2) the effectiveness and complications of bariatric surgery in patients who had already undergone kidney transplant.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of mortality and complications rates were performed. Thirty studies were reviewed.ResultsAfter bariatric surgery, patients with ECKD had similar postoperative weight loss to patients from the general population. Meta‐analysis showed post–bariatric surgery rates of 2% (95% CI: 0%‐3%) for mortality and 7% (95% CI: 2%‐14%) for complications. Approximately one‐fifth of the patients had access to a transplant. This rate may be underestimated because of the short duration of follow‐up. The lack of control groups did not allow for a conclusion on the role of bariatric surgery in facilitating access to kidney transplantation. In patients who had received a kidney transplant, bariatric surgery seemed to improve renal function but increased graft‐rejection risk, possibly because of changes in the bioavailability of immunosuppressant drugs.ConclusionsBariatric surgery yields significant weight loss in patients with ECKD that improves patients’ chances of accessing a transplant but does not guarantee it; however, the risk for complications and death is higher than in other patients. After transplantation, bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss appeared to positively impact the function of the grafted kidney, but careful monitoring of immunosuppressant medications is required.
Wild-typeAPCIs Associated with Poor Survival in Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Chongkai , Ouyang Ching , Cho May , Ji Jingran , Sandhu Jaideep , Goel Ajay , Kahn Michael , Fakih Marwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic implication of wild-type APC (APC-WT) in microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is not well defined.Materials and MethodsAPC prognostic value was evaluated retrospectively in two independent cohorts of patient with MSS mCRC with a confirmatory analysis from a public data set from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).ResultsIn comparison with the APC-mutant (APC-MT) population (n = 255), APC-WT patients (n = 86) tended to be younger (59% of age &lt; 40 vs. 26% of age &gt; 50), right-sided (41.7% vs. 27%), BRAFV600E mutated (23.3% vs. 0.8%), and KRAS wild type (65.1% vs. 49.8%). Alternative WNT pathway alterations, RNF43 and CTNNB1, were over-represented in the APC-WT versus APC-MT population (7% vs. 0.4% and 4.7% vs. 0.4%, respectively). APC-WT patients had a worse overall survival (OS) than APC-MT patients (22.6 vs. 45.6 months, p &lt; .0001). Using a multivariate model correcting for primary tumor location, RAS and BRAF status, APC-WT was predictive of poor survival (APC-MT vs. APC-WT, hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.86, p = .0037). The prognostic implication of APC-WT on OS was confirmed further in a similar multivariate model of 934 stage IV patients from MSKCC public database (APC-MT vs. APC-WT, HR, 0.63, 95% CI, 0.49–0.81, p &lt; .0001).ConclusionAPC-WT is associated with poor OS in MSS mCRC regardless of RAS and BRAF status. Compared with APC-MT mCRC tumors, APC-WT tumors were associated with other Wnt activating alterations, including RNF43 and CTNBB1. Our data suggest alternative therapy needs to be investigated in APC-WT patients.Implications for PracticePatients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type APC had a worse overall survival than patients with mutated APC regardless of RAS/RAF status. APC status should be considered as a stratification factor in prospective trials, and novel therapeutic strategies need to be developed for this subgroup of patients.
Outcomes following limited‐volume proton therapy for multifocal spinal myxopapillary ependymoma
Authors: Looi Wen Shen , Indelicato Daniel J. , Mailhot Vega Raymond B. , Morris Christopher G. , Sandler Eric , Aldana Philipp R. , Bradley Julie A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeSpinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) often presents with a multifocal distribution, complicating attempts at resection. There remains no standard approach to irradiating these patients. We report disease control and toxicity in pediatric patients with multifocal spinal MPE treated with limited‐volume proton therapy.Materials/methodsTwelve patients (≤21 years old) with multifocal spinal MPE were treated between 2009 and 2018 with limited‐volume brain‐sparing proton therapy. Median age was 13.5 years (range, 7‐21). Radiotherapy was given as adjuvant therapy after primary surgery in five patients (42%) and for recurrence in seven (58%). No patient received prior radiation. Eleven patients (92%) had evidence of gross disease at radiotherapy. Eleven patients received 54 GyRBE; one received 50.4 GyRBE. Treatment toxicity was graded per the CTCAEv4.0. We estimated disease control and survival using the Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit method.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 3.6 years (range, 1.8‐10.6). The five‐year actuarial rates of local control, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 100%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. One patient experienced an out‐of‐field recurrence in the spine superior to the irradiated region. No patients developed in‐field recurrences. Following surgery and irradiation, one patient developed grade three spinal kyphosis and one patient developed grade 2 unilateral L5 neuropathy.Conclusion54 GyRBE to a limited volume appears effective for disseminated spinal MPE in both the primary and salvage settings, sparing children the toxicity of full craniospinal irradiation. Compared with historical reports, this approach using proton therapy improves the therapeutic ratio, resulting in minimal side effects and high rates of disease control.
Central tearing behavior of PVDF coated fabrics with multiple initial notches
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Zhang Yingying , Xu Junhao , Zhang Lanlan , Wu Meng , Zhao Qichong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTear failure is an essential issue for membrane structures, but always ignored in the current design specifications or codes. This paper presents the central tearing behaviors of PVDF coated fabrics with initial notches. Then, the influence of notches number, notches length, and notches orientation were considered. Finally, the tearing mechanisms under multiple initial notches were systematically studied. The results show that the strength of PVDF coated fabrics is significantly affected by the parameters of initial notches, which is significantly related to the failure modes. Among all the factors, the initial notches' length has the greatest influence on specimens' failure strength. With the initial notch length increases, the tear strength decreases, and the elongation at break remains almost unchanged. As the distance between multiple notches increases, the tear strength decreases, and the elongation at break increases. As the notch angle of inclination increases, the tear strength increases, and the elongation at break increases. It can provide important references to the design and analysis of membrane structures.
Internal migration and housing costs—A panel analysis for Germany
Authors: Stawarz Nico , Sander Nikola , Sulak Harun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergent crisis of affordable urban housing coupled with a sustained decline in internal migration rates in many Western countries warrants a thorough exploration of the relation between housing costs and internal migration. Although it is well established that housing is an important contextual determinant of migration flows, little attention has thus far been paid to the ways in which rising housing costs shape internal migration. In this paper, we use a time‐series of annual intercounty migration in Germany for the period 2004–2017 to examine the association between increasing housing prices and changes in internal migration flows. For this, we apply fixed effects Poisson panel regression models to migration flow tables. Our results show that regions with rising housing costs experience declining inflows. In larger cities, rising housing costs are also associated with increasing outflows. Our study provides new insights into the relationship between house price dynamics and internal migration.
Structural, ferroelectric, and optical properties of Bi3+ doped YFeO3: A first‐principles study
Authors: Martínez‐Aguilar Espiridión , Hmŏk H'Linh , Ribas‐Ariño Jordi , Siqueiros Beltrones Jesús María , Lozada‐Morales Rosendo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe orthoferrites with the general formula RFeO3 (R = Ho, Er, Lu, Sc, and Y) have recently attracted a great deal of attention because they are promising candidates for a second generation of multiferroic materials. In this computational work, the structural, ferroelectric and optical properties of the YFeO3 perovskite oxide (YFO) and a Bi‐doped YFeO3 were analyzed. Bi‐substitution in YFO leads to an increase of its lattice parameters by virtue of the larger ionic radius of Bi3+. Both compounds exhibit a G‐type antiferromagnetic ground state. The calculations disclose a significant spontaneous polarization along the [101] direction of YFO‐Bi, which originates in the asymmetric distribution of the charges around the Bi3+ ions, as a result of the Bi‐6s electrons. The electric polarizability of YFO is increased upon Bi3+‐doping and the more significant components of the real permittivity tensor of YFO‐Bi are those associated with the direction along which the maximum value of spontaneous polarization is observed. The spontaneous polarization of YFO‐Bi found in this work reveals that this compound holds the potential for the next generation of multi ferroic materials.
The Track One Pilot Program: Who benefits from prioritized patent examination?
Authors: Kuhn Jeffrey M. , Teodorescu Mike H. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch SummarySpeed is often critical for successful commercialization of a new technology, and patents help entrepreneurs secure funding, enter the market, and avoid expropriation of their ideas. In this article, we employ a recent change to U.S. patent law—the introduction of an elective program accelerating patent examination—to investigate the role of patent examination speed in strategic entrepreneurship. We find that small firms with limited patent portfolios are the most likely to expedite their patent applications. Moreover, accelerated patents are cited and litigated at higher rates than other patents, and these outcomes are more sensitive to exogenous changes to patent scope. Our results suggest that providing the option to accelerate patent examination may help increase incentives for innovation by strategic entrepreneurs.Managerial SummaryPatents are essential to high‐tech businesses, helping them to secure funding and exclude competitors from the marketplace. We evaluate a USPTO pilot program that allowed patent applicants to accelerate patent examination, yielding a patent in less than 1 year when typically 3 or more years are required. We find that entrepreneurs are more likely to use the program than large firms. Moreover, patents examined under the program tend to be strategically important. They are litigated and cited at higher rates than other patents, and the scope of the patents' claims plays a key role in these outcomes. Collectively our results suggest that multi‐track patent examination programs are likely to have a positive effect on generating new ideas, increasing value capture for entrepreneurs, and facilitating the growth of small businesses. Our results also suggest that the USPTO has implemented the program successfully by accelerating examination without sacrificing quality.