bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
99mTc-Leukocyte Scintigraphy Revealed Viral Pulmonary Infection in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Zheng Jiefu , Liu Yiyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

99mTc-leukocyte scintigraphy was performed on a 40-year-old woman with spiking fevers. A focus of intense uptake in the right upper thorax was identified, concerning for infection along the central line in the superior vena cava. Additionally, heterogeneously increased uptake in both lungs was noted, which suggested pulmonary infection. CT images of the chest showed patchy ground-glass changes in both lungs and a large consolidation in the right lower lobe, which were consistent with changes for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA test was positive. This case demonstrates that leukocyte uptake in bilateral lungs could reveal viral pulmonary infection in COVID-19.
TSPO PET With 18F-GE-180 to Differentiate Variants of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Völk Stefanie , Unterrainer Marcus , Albert Nathalie L. , Havla Joachim , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Schumacher Minh , Brendel Matthias , Kaiser Lena , Adorjan Kristina , Rupprecht Rainer , Bartenstein Peter , Kümpfel Tania , Danek Adrian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PET targeting the translocator protein (TSPO) expression is an interesting approach to detect neuroinflammation, as TSPO is upregulated in activated macrophages and microglia. Considering the variable pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) variants, we compare TSPO PET using 18F-GE-180 in 3 different demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: relapsing-remitting MS, tumefactive MS, and Baló’s concentric sclerosis. Visualization of neuroinflammation and its PET patterns in addition to MRI may contribute to accurate distinction and monitoring of central nervous system demyelination.
Inguinal Canal Deposit—An Uncommon Site of Metastases in Carcinoma Prostate Detected on 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Arora Saurabh , Kumar Sanjay , Das Chandan Jyoti , Jain Deepali , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Metastatic deposit in the inguinal canal is an uncommon finding. Few tumors such as pancreatic cancer, rectal cancer, and ovarian cancer have been described previously with metastatic inguinal canal deposit. We present here a case of prostate cancer with an uncommon inguinal canal deposit that was detected on 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT.
A Solitary Skull Base Plasmacytoma Mimicking Paraganglioma on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Wang Jiaqiong , Kuker Russ 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The patient was a 61-year-old man with a history of neck pain starting around October 2019. CT of the neck showed a lytic lesion at the right skull base. Subsequent MRI demonstrated an enhancing destructive mass in the right skull base centered in the occipital bone and condyle involving the jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal. An 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed showing increased FDG uptake in the right jugular foramen tumor. In addition, a PET/CT with 68Ga-[DOTA-Tyr3]-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) demonstrated a 68Ga-DOTATATE–avid lesion in the right jugular foramen eroding the adjacent osseous structures. Biopsy revealed a plasmacytoma and not paraganglioma.
Photopenic Defects in Gliomas With Amino-Acid PET and Relative Prognostic Value
Authors: Zaragori Timothée , Castello Angelo , Guedj Eric , Girard Antoine , Galldiks Norbert , Albert Nathalie L. , Lopci Egesta , Verger Antoine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim is to explore the concept of photopenic defects in newly diagnosed glioma patients with the 2 widely used 11C-MET and 18F-FDOPA PET amino acid tracers. Thirty-two 11C-MET and 26 18F-FDOPA PET scans with amino acid PET-negative gliomas were selected in this European multicentric study. Of these gliomas, 16 11C-MET and 10 18F-FDOPA PET scans with photopenic defects were identified, exhibiting lower mean tumor-to-background ratio as compared with isometabolic gliomas (P < 0.001). Gliomas with photopenic defects had no different progression-free survival than isometabolic gliomas in the whole population (P = 0.40), but shorter progression-free survival in the subgroup of World Health Organization grade II IDH-mutant astrocytomas (35 vs 68 months; P = 0.047).
Penile Metastasis From Prostate Cancer Detected by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Bianchi Denise , Rizzo Alessio , Bonacina Mattia , Zaniboni Alberto , Savelli Giordano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

18F-Fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT is widely used to study patients affected by prostate cancer. 18F-FCH PET/CT is suitable for the detection of pelvic and abdominal nodal and skeletal metastases. Indeed, 18F-FCH PET/CT sensitivity for other organs, such as the liver and the urinary tract, is lowered by the radiopharmaceutical urinary washout and intense liver uptake. Herein, we report the case of a patient affected by oligometastatic prostate cancer in good clinical condition treated with total androgen blockade. 18F-FCH PET/CT showed a diffuse and intense uptake in the shaft of the penis, which was an evidence of a rare penile metastasis.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Hyalinized Cholecystitis
Authors: Arslan Esra , Yardimci Aytül Hande , Yarikkaya Enver , Alçin Göksel , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hyalinizing cholecystitis is a rare type of chronic cholecystitis. Moderate patchy transmural especially perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltration is observed in the gallbladder wall. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of this rare subtype of chronic cholecystitis. Hyalinizing cholecystitis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening with intense 18F-FDG uptake.
Adrenal Castleman Disease on 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC Scan and FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ding Jie , Cheng Xin , Hou Guozhu , Jing Hongli , Huo Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Adrenal Castleman disease is very rare. We reported image findings of a right adrenal mass in a 75-year-old man on 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan and FDG PET/CT. There was obviously elevated 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC activity, but the intensity of FDG activity was remarkable. Pheochromocytoma was initially suspected. However, pathology from resected specimen showed adrenal Castleman disease.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of an Isolated Splenic Metastasis From Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Tingting , Cen Bing , Liu Lin , Wang Yingwei , Chen Yue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Splenic metastasis from endometrial carcinoma is rare, especially when the spleen is the sole metastatic site. Herein, we report the case of a 47-year-old woman with a history of endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed 1 year ago. At that time, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic node dissection. Restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an isolated splenic mass with elevated FDG activity. There were no other signs of recurrence. The lesion was surgically resected and diagnosed as a metastasis from the endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Warthin Tumor Incidentally Detected on PET/CT Showing Both 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG Uptake
Authors: Vaz Sofia C. , Marques Andreia , Lourenço João , Galzerano Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA patient with moderately differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with synchronous multifocal liver metastases was referred for further staging with PET/CT. The examinations were performed on 2 consecutive days and showed mild68Ga-DOTANOC and intense18F-FDG uptake in an incidental right parotid nodule. Differential diagnoses include primary or metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, malignant or benign primary parotid tumor, and intraparotid lymph node. Histology revealed characteristics of a Warthin tumor. While focal FDG uptake in Warthin tumor is frequently described, the somatostatin expression was rarely reported. This clinical case describes68Ga-DOTANOC and18F-FDG uptake in a parotid Warthin tumor histologically confirmed.
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung With Initial Presentation as Painful Testicular Metastasis
Authors: Sharma Punit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Testicular metastasis is rare, with prostate cancer followed by lung cancer being the commonest primary site. Usually these are incidentally detected and are rarely symptomatic. We present an unusual case of adenocarcinoma lung, presenting initially with right testicular pain. Further workup with 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated primary malignancy of the left lung with nodal and right testicular metastasis.
Ankylosing Spondylitis With Bilateral Symmetrical Uptake in the Greater Trochanters on Bone Scan
Authors: Marashdeh Wael M. , Alsa’di Hussein S. , Al-Muqbel Kusai M. , Al-Omari Ma’moon , Abdalla Khalid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory bone disease that commonly affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Ankylosing spondylitis can also cause enthesitis, or enthesopathy, which is an inflammation at the tendinous or ligamentous insertion sites on the bones. In this study, we present the case of a 37-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis with a unique 99mTc-HDP bone scan finding of symmetrical increased uptake bilaterally in the greater trochanters.
Early Secondary Repair of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Breakdown: Contemporary Surgical Techniques and Experiences From a Peripartum Subspecialty Clinic
Authors: Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Mueller Margaret G. , Collins Sarah A. , Tavathia Meera , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Kenton Kimberly S. 
Published: September 2020

Objective
To describe surgical technique and outcomes of early secondary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) breakdown.

Methods
This was a case series of all women presenting to a subspecialty peripartum clinic within 2 months of an OASIS, who ultimately underwent secondary surgical repair between September 2013 and January 2018. Cases were identified using the following CPT codes: 57308 (transperineal fistula repair), 56910 (repair of the perineum), and 46750 (repair of anal sphincter). Four board-certified urogynecologists performed all surgical procedures using the same technique: demographics, delivery data, and preoperative and postoperative data were collected.

Results
Eighteen women were identified. The majority (16 [88.9%] of 18) were primiparous; 9 (50%) women underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery and 9 (50%) women underwent forceps-assisted vaginal delivery. Over 70% (13 [72.2%] of 18) suffered a 3rd-degree tear, whereas 5 (27.8%) of 18 had a 4th-degree laceration. The median time after delivery to specialty clinic presentation was 10 days (interquartile range, 5.3–52.5 days). All women were diagnosed with wound breakdown at their initial visit. Seven (38.9%) also had a concomitant rectovaginal fistula.
Median time from diagnosis of wound breakdown to secondary operative revision was 19.5 days (interquartile range, 12–26.8 days). Seventeen (94.4%) of the 18 women underwent overlapping external anal sphincteroplasty with perineorrhaphy; of these, 7 (41.2%) also underwent concurrent repair of their rectovaginal fistula. One woman underwent perineorrhaphy alone. At 3 months postoperatively, no women had a wound breakdown or recurrent fistula.

Conclusions
In women with OASIS breakdown, early secondary repair is both feasible and successful with meticulous surgical technique.
The convective instability of a Maxwell–Cattaneo fluid in the presence of a vertical magnetic field
Authors: Eltayeb I. A. , Hughes D. W. , Proctor M. R. E. 
Published: September 2020

We study the instability of a Bénard layer subject to a vertical uniform magnetic field, in which the fluid obeys the Maxwell–Cattaneo (MC) heat flux–temperature relation. We extend the work of Bissell (
Proc. R. Soc. A
472, 20160649 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0649)) to non-zero values of the magnetic Prandtl number
p

m

. With non-zero
p

m

, the order of the dispersion relation is increased, leading to considerably richer behaviour. An asymptotic analysis at large values of the Chandrasekhar number
Q
confirms that the MC effect becomes important when
C Q
1/2
is
O
(1), where
C
is the MC number. In this regime, we derive a scaled system that is independent of
Q
. When
CQ
1/2
is large, the results are consistent with those derived from the governing equations in the limit of Prandtl number
p
→ ∞ with
p

m

finite; here we identify a new mode of instability, which is due neither to inertial nor induction effects. In the large
p

m

regime, we show how a transition can occur between oscillatory modes of different horizontal scale. For
Q
≫ 1 and small values of
p
, we show that the critical Rayleigh number is non-monotonic in
p
provided that
C
> 1/6. While the analysis of this paper is performed for stress-free boundaries, it can be shown that other types of mechanical boundary conditions give the same leading-order results.
Efficacy of face-masks used in Uganda: a laboratory-based inquiry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Semugenze Derrick , Nakabuye Hellen , Bulafu Douglas , Aruhomukama Dickson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith shortages of face-masks continuing to be reported worldwide, critical questions like whether or not there is an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face-masks continue to linger especially in low- and middle-income settings. This study aimed at addressing this through testing and comparing various materials and forms of face-masks for filtration efficiency, breathability, microbial cleanliness, distance-dependent fitness, and re-usability of different face-masks procured from face-mask vendors in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis was a laboratory-based descriptive study that applied new protocols and already existing protocols with substantive modifications to ten different types of face-mask types each in quadruplicate to achieve each specified aim.ResultsSurgical face-masks had better filtration efficiency, distance-dependent fitness and breathability compared to other face-masks tested. Decontamination of these face-masks with 70% ethanol negatively affected their efficacy. Locally-made double layered face-masks had better: filtration efficiency, distance-dependent fitness and breathability compared to other locally-made cloth face-masks, and re-usability compared to all the face-mask types that had been tested.Discussion/conclusionsLocally-made double layered cloth face-masks could serve as alternative face-masks especially for populations in low- and middle-income settings like Uganda while allowing restricted use of surgical face-masks and other respirators like the KN95 to high-risk groups only.
Plant power? A systematic review of the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental illness
Authors: Catt Heather , Beenstock Jane , Nadeem Ummaz , Joiner Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing interest in plant-based diets in the general population and an increasing evidence base for the positive impact of plant-based diets on health outcomes for many chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to identify the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental health conditions.MethodsA systematic review of intervention and observational studies. We conducted a systematic electronic search of MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (ProQuest), British Nursing Index (ProQuest), CINAHL (EBSCO) and the Cochrane library to April 2019, with no date limits. We extracted data on outcomes and assessed the studies for bias using validated tools.ResultsWe retrieved 588 studies. One study met the inclusion criteria with high risk of bias. The intervention was a plant-based diet for people with moderate to severe depression, without a control group. The study recruited 500 people, but recorded 66.8% attrition. Of the completers, 62% reported improvements in depressive symptoms, and 59% in anxiety symptoms. Completers lost 5.7lbs (2.6kg) during the trial and 15lb (6.8kg) at six month follow up.ConclusionThere is not enough research to make conclusions about the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental health conditions. Given the evidence for positive effects of plant-based diets on physical health, further research is urgently required to understand the effects on people with mental health conditions. This will support the provision of advice and guidance for patients with mental illness who want to optimise their diet to improve their mental and physical health.PROSPERO registrationCRD42019133440
STRATEGY FOR THE CONTAINMENT, MITIGATION, AND SUPPRESSION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FRAGILIZED COMMUNITIES ON THE PERIPHERY OF A LARGE BRAZILIAN CITY
Authors: Azevedo V F , Peruffo LCB , Nogueira GM , Novakoski GKO , Hajar FN , Rafael LK , Brugnari RGO , Vanzela LE , Larocca SB 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTIONPrevention measures are highly important to poor communities because surveillance and access to health care may be limited.OBJECTIVESWe aimed establish measures to contain and suppress the spread of COVID-19, associating education, active case tracking, and humanitarian aid in two needy communities in Brazil. The adherence to the measures and evolution of the number of cases were verified during the project.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe target population consisted of approximately 1300 participants(350 families). A collection of epidemiological data was performed in family members registered for the project. Rapid tests were performed on people who had symptoms and their contacts. Scientific information through audio-visual materials,educational pamphlets written in colloquial language, food parcels,masks,hygiene and cleaning materials were provided directly to family nuclei.RESULTSThe common needs faced by families were food inputs and/or ready-to-eat food, mentioned by 91.4% (233) of the people, and hygienic and cleaning materials, mentioned by 30.6% (78) of the people. Only 34.9% (84) of families had 70% rubbing alcohol or hand sanitizer gel at home.The most frequently cited sources of information on COVID-19 were television [cited by 82.4% (210) of the people]; social media [25.5% (65)]; friends, neighbours, or family members [13.7% (35)]; and radio [11.4% (29)] .A total of 83.7% (175) stated that the actions helped them to avoid leaving the community.CONCLUSIONSCommunity isolation may be the best way to contain the spread of pandemics in fragile populations with low socio-economic status.Educational actions combined with rapid testing and humanitarian aid were objective forms to promote community isolation.
Predictors of symptomatic laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 reinfection
Authors: Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Hernandez-Suarez Carlos M. , Lugo-Radillo Agustin , Aguilar-Sollano Felipe , Mendoza-Cano Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors predicting symptomatic laboratory-positive SARS-COV-2 reinfection.MethodWe conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study and data from 99,993 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed.ResultsThe overall risk of reinfection (28 or more elapsed days between both episodes onset) was 0.21%, and older subjects and those with mild primary disease were at reduced risk of reinfection. Healthcare workers and immunosuppressed or renal patients had at greater risk of SARS-COV-2 reinfection.ConclusionsIf replicated in other populations, these results may be useful to prioritize efforts focusing on the reduction of SARS-COV-2 spread and the related burden.
Transfer transcriptomic signatures for infectious diseases
Authors: Iulio Julia di , Bartha Istvan , Spreafico Roberto , Virgin Herbert W. , Telenti Amalio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe modulation of the transcriptome is among the earliest responses to infection, and vaccination. However, defining transcriptome signatures of disease is challenging because logistic, technical and cost factors limit the size and representativeness of samples in clinical studies. These limitations lead to poor performance of signatures when applied to new datasets or varying study settings. Using a novel approach, we leverage existing transcriptomic signatures as classifiers in unseen datasets from prospective studies, with the goal of predicting individual outcomes. Machine learning allowed the identification of sets of genes, which we name transfer transcriptomic signatures, that are predictive across diverse datasets and/or species (rhesus to humans) and that are also suggestive of activated pathways and cell type composition. We demonstrate the usefulness of transfer signatures in two use cases: progression of latent to active tuberculosis, and severity of COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 infection. The broad significance of our work lies in the concept that a small set of archetypal human immunophenotypes, captured by transfer signatures, can explain a larger set of responses to diverse diseases.
A non-canonical feedforward pathway for computing odor identity
Authors: Chae Honggoo , Banerjee Arkarup , Albeanu Dinu F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElucidating neural circuits that enable robust odor identification remains a fundamental challenge in olfaction. The current leading model states that odor identity is computed within the piriform cortex (PC), drawing from mitral cell input from the olfactory bulb. Here we find that tufted cells, the other principal cell-type of the bulb, which strongly innervate the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) instead, substantially outperform mitral cells in decoding both odor identity and intensity, acting in a largely feedforward fashion. Cortical feedback from PC specifically restructures mitral cell responses, while feedback from AON preferentially controls the gain of tufted cell odor representations, matching biases in feedforward connectivity. Leveraging cell-type specific analyses, we identify a non-canonical feedforward pathway for odor recognition and discrimination mediated by the tufted cells, and propose that bulb target areas, other than the piriform cortex, such as AON and olfactory striatum, are well-positioned to compute odor identity.
Human cytomegalovirus UL7, miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112-3p inactivation of FOXO3a protects CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells from apoptosis
Authors: Hancock Meaghan H. , Crawford Lindsey B. , Perez Wilma , Struthers Hillary M. , Mitchell Jennifer , Caposio Patrizia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of myeloid-lineage cells, such as CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or monocytes results in the upregulation of anti-apoptotic cellular proteins that protect the newly infected cells from programmed cell death. The mechanisms used by HCMV to regulate pro-apoptotic cellular proteins upon infection of CD34+HPCs has not been fully explored. Here we show that HCMV utilizes pUL7, a secreted protein that signals through the FLT3 receptor, and miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112-3p to reduce the abundance and activity of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor FOXO3a at early times after infection of CD34+HPCs. Regulation of FOXO3a by pUL7, miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112 results in reduced expression of the pro-apoptoticBCL2L11transcript and protection of CD34+ HPCs from virus-induced apoptosis. These data highlight the importance of both viral proteins and miRNAs in protecting CD34+HPCs from apoptosis at early times post-infection, allowing for the establishment of latency and maintenance of viral genome-containing cells.ImportanceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes serious disease in immunocompromised individuals and is a significant problem during transplantation. The virus can establish a latent infection in CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and periodically reactivate to cause disease in the absence of an intact immune system. What viral gene products are required for successful establishment of latency are still not fully understood. Here we show that both a viral protein and viral miRNAs are required to prevent apoptosis after infection of CD34+HPCs. HCMV pUL7 and miRNAs miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112-3p act to limit the expression and activation of the transcription factor FOXO3a which in turn reduces expression of pro-apoptotic geneBCL2L11and prevents virus-induced apoptosis in CD34+HPCs.