bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular antenatal exercise including pelvic floor muscle training reduces urinary incontinence 3 months postpartum—Follow up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Johannessen Hege H. , Frøshaug Betina E. , Lysåker Pernille J. G. , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Lukasse Mirjam , Mørkved Siv , Stafne Signe N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionUrinary incontinence is a frequently reported condition among women with pregnancy and delivery as established risk factors. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of an antenatal exercise program including pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum urinary incontinence, and to explore factors associated with urinary incontinence three months postpartum.Material and methodsThis is a short‐term follow‐up and secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted at two Norwegian University Hospitals including healthy, pregnant women aged >18 years with a singleton live fetus. Women in the exercise group received a 12‐week standardized exercise program including pelvic floor muscle training, with once weekly group exercise classes led by a physiotherapist and twice weekly home exercise sessions. The controls received standard antenatal care. Data were obtained from questionnaires answered in pregnancy weeks 18–22, and three months postpartum. Urinary incontinence prevalence in the exercise and control groups was compared, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied. Urinary incontinence prevalence three months postpartum was assessed by the Sandvik severity index.ResultsAmong the 722 (84%) women who responded three months postpartum, significantly fewer women in the exercise group (29%) reported urinary incontinence compared with the standard antenatal care group (38%, P = .01). Among women who were incontinent at baseline, 44% and 59% (P = .014) were incontinent at three months postpartum in the exercise and control groups, respectively. Urinary incontinence three months postpartum was associated with age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0‐1.1), experiencing urinary incontinence in late pregnancy (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.3‐5.9), birthweight ≥4000 g (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2‐2.8), and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1‐6.1). Cesarean section significantly reduced the risk of urinary incontinence three months postpartum compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1‐0.5).ConclusionsA moderate‐intensity exercise program including pelvic floor muscle training reduced prevalence of urinary incontinence 3 months postpartum in women who were incontinent at baseline.
A traffic perimetry test that adheres to the European visual field requirements
Authors: Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Jonsdottir Thora Elisabet , Zysset Stefan , Rowe Fiona 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeEuropean visual requirements for driving generally follow the standards of the European Union (EU), but the lack of a uniform perimetry algorithm leads to differing practices in enforcing visual field regulations. The purpose of this study was to develop a perimetry algorithm for group 1 driving licenses (car and motorcycle) that adheres to the European requirements.MethodsWe determined the features of a traffic perimetry algorithm complying with the EU directive 2009/113/EC and the underlying scientific report by the Eyesight Working Group. The final algorithm was a binocular, supra‐threshold test with 37 central and 86 peripheral test points within 140º x 40º. It was created as a custom test for an Octopus 900 perimeter and tested on participants with known visual field defects. Findings were compared with the Esterman program in reference to British and Norwegian regulations, which both recommend the Esterman program for assessing fitness to drive but differ in definition of negative and positive results.ResultsTwenty‐five participants were examined. In comparison with the traffic perimetry algorithm, sensitivity and specificity of the British regulations were 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40‐0.97) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.79‐1.00). Similarly, sensitivity and specificity of the Norwegian regulations were 0.89 (95% CI 0.52‐1.00) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.54‐0.96).ConclusionThe lack of a perimetry algorithm that conforms to the scientific recommendations challenges the fundamental right of European drivers for legal equality. This study demonstrates a binocular supra‐threshold test that adheres to the European visual field requirements for group 1 driving licenses.
Secular trend and social variation in height of Polish schoolchildren between 1966 and 2012
Authors: Gomula Aleksandra , Nowak‐Szczepanska Natalia , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess secular trend and changes in social inequalities of children's height across nearly 50 years, when vast socio‐political changes took place in Poland.MethodsData on schoolchildren aged 7‐18 years were collected in 1966, 1978, 1988 and 2012 in Poland. Height was standardised for age using the LMS method. Socio‐economic status (SES) was based on 4 factors: urbanisation level, mother's and father's education, and family size (number of children). Statistics included 2‐way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test and effect size calculations.ResultsPositive secular trend in height was observed across all years. All analysed SES factors had significant effect on height which differed depending on SES category and year of Survey. Differences in height between extreme categories of SES factors decreased gradually, starting from 1978. However, only general SES in girls and urbanisation level in both sexes became insignificant in 2012.ConclusionImprovement of living conditions across nearly 50 years was reflected in the secular trend in children's height. Despite this improvement, however, the biological effects of social inequalities, visible in differences in height, to some extent, are still present in Poland.
Social Psychological Correlates of Protective Behaviours in the COVID‐19 Outbreak: Evidence and Recommendations from a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Moussaoui Lisa S. , Ofosu Nana D. , Desrichard Olivier 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundA clear picture of people’s adoption of protective behaviours, and a thorough understanding of psychosocial correlates in the context of contagious diseases such as COVID‐19, is essential for the development of communication strategies, and can contribute to the fight against epidemics.MethodsIn this paper, we report a survey on the adoption of the recommended protective behaviours before and during the epidemic. We also assessed demographic correlates, and beliefs (towards COVID‐19 and protective behaviours, towards SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, social dilemma variables, and perceived external cues) of a representative sample of British residents. Data were collected during the early stage of the COVID‐19 epidemic that spread worldwide in 2020.ResultsResults showed a marked increase in the adoption of protective behaviour. We also identified targets for intervention in variables related to transmission of the virus and social dilemma‐related beliefs. Sex differences in the adoption of protective measures, as well as differences associated with the frequency of social contacts, were associated with differences in beliefs.ConclusionsThese findings suggest changeable determinants, which could be targeted in global communication about COVID‐19, or in interventions targeting specific sub‐groups not following the protective measures.
Pig feedstuff effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties of low‐salt, dry‐fermented sausages
Authors: Panea Begoña , Ripoll Guillermo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the addition of plant‐derived extracts (control, garlic extract or a combination of carvacrol, thymol, cinnamic aldehyde and eugenol oils extracts) to pig feedstuff and the reduction in salt content (NaCl or a mixture 60:40 sodium chloride:potassium lactate) on some physicochemical characteristics and consumer acceptability of dry‐fermented sausages. Six different batches were formulated. The pH, color, lipid oxidation, and microbial counts were measured, and a consumer home test was performed. Both the use of a plant‐derived extract and salt type affected the dry‐fermented sausage characteristics. The low‐salt batches presented a lower pH and higher microbial counts than the control. The salt reduction affected the color but only in the oil batches, resulting in higher L* and lower a* values. The oil batches presented the highest TBAR values (>1 mg/kg), suggesting that antioxidant compounds present into the meat were not bioavailable on the sausages or were missed during the curing process. The use of plant‐derived extracts affected to consumer acceptability, whereas salt replacement did not. Oil batches scored lower than the other. From the current results, the oil extract would not be a recommended additive in pig feedstuff, especially when a low‐salt strategy will be employed.
Impact of Plasmodium vivax malaria and antimalarial treatment on cytochrome P450 activity in Brazilian patients
Authors: Almeida Anne Cristine , Elias Anna Beatriz Ribeiro , Marques Maria Paula , de Melo Gisely Cardoso , da Costa Allyson Guimarães , Figueiredo Erick Frota Gomes , Brasil Larissa Wanderley , Rodrigues‐Soares Fernanda , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , de Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães , Lanchote Vera Lucia , Suarez‐Kurtz Guilherme 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo investigate the impact of Plasmodium vivax malaria and chloroquine‐primaquine chemotherapy on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity in patients from the Brazilian Amazon.MethodsAdult patients (n = 30) were given subtherapeutic doses of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypic probes metoprolol (10 mg) and omeprazole (2 mg) in three different stages of vivax malaria illness: acute disease (study phase 1), post chemotherapy (phase 2) and convalescence (stage 3). Plasma concentrations of probes and CYP‐hydroxylated metabolites (α‐OH metoprolol and 5‐OH omeprazole) were measured using LC/MS/MS. Two pharmacokinetic metrics were used to estimate CYP activity: (a) ratio of plasma concentrations of probe/metabolite at 240 minutes after administration of the probes and (b) ratio of areas under the time‐concentration curves for probe/metabolite (AUC0‐12h). For statistical analysis, the pharmacokinetic metrics were normalized to the respective values in phase 3. Taqman assays were used for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping. Cytokines levels were measured using cytometric bead array.ResultsBoth pharmacokinetic metrics for metoprolol and omeprazole, and plasma concentrations of cytokines IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 varied significantly across the three study phases (ANOVA P < 0.0001). Post hoc tests showed greater metoprolol:α‐OH metoprolol ratios in phases 1 and 2 compared to phase 3, larger omeprazole:5‐OH omeprazole ratios in phase 1 than in phases 2 and 3, and higher circulating IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 in phase 1 than in phases 2 and 3.ConclusionP. vivax malaria and treatment altered CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes. CYP2C19 inhibition is attributed to a higher level of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, while suppression of CYP2D6 is ascribed mainly to chloroquine exposure.
Clinical evaluation of drug–drug interactions between the cytochrome P450 substrates selexipag and clopidogrel in Japanese volunteers
Authors: Katayama Naoki , Odagiri Keiichi , Hakamata Akio , Kamiya Chiaki , Uchida Shinya , Tanaka Shimako , Inui Naoki , Namiki Noriyuki , Tatsumi Koichiro , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

AimsThe strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 inhibitor gemfibrozil has been demonstrated to increase the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) of ACT‐333679, an active metabolite of selexipag, by 11‐fold. Similarly to gemfibrozil, the CYP2C8 inhibitor clopidogrel increased ACT‐333679 concentration by 1.9‐fold after a single loading dose (300 mg once daily) and 2.7‐fold after repeated treatment with the maintenance dose (75 mg once daily) in Europeans. However, the effects of clopidogrel on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and ACT‐333679 have not been fully elucidated in the Japanese population.MethodsWe investigated the effect of clopidogrel on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and ACT‐333679 in 14 healthy Japanese volunteers.ResultsThe concomitant administration of clopidogrel with selexipag did not influence the maximum concentration and AUC0‐∞ of selexipag, whereas it significantly increased AUC0‐∞ of ACT‐333679 by approximately 1.90‐fold (90% confidence interval 1.69–2.14) without changing the maximum concentration. When selexipag was administered 1 day after clopidogrel was discontinued, the increase in AUC0‐∞ of ACT‐333679 was 1.37‐fold (90% confidence interval 0.93–2.02), suggesting that, although the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel on CYP2C8 was reduced, it persisted for at least 1 day after withdrawal.ConclusionOur results demonstrated the impact of clopidogrel on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its active metabolite and suggested that selexipag should be carefully prescribed with clopidogrel with dose adjustment or reducing the dosing frequency in Japanese clinical settings.
Suitable test concentration of cobalt and concomitant reactivity to nickel and chromium: A multicentre study from the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group
Authors: Isaksson Marléne , Hagvall Lina , Glas Bo , Lagrelius Maria , Lidén Carola , Matura Mihaly , Nyman Gunnar , Stenberg Berndt , Svedman Cecilia , Bruze Magnus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Sweden, cobalt chloride 0.5% has been included in the baseline series since the mid‐1980s. A recent study from Stockholm showed that cobalt chloride 1% petrolatum (pet.) was more suitable than 0.5%. Cobalt chloride at 1.0% has been patch tested for decades in many European countries and around the world.ObjectivesTo study the suitability of patch testing to cobalt 1.0% vs 0.5% and to analyze the co‐occurrence of allergy to cobalt, chromium, and nickel.ResultsContact allergy to cobalt was shown in 90 patients (6.6%). Eighty (5.9%) patients tested positive to cobalt 1.0%. Thirty‐seven of the 90 patients (41.1%) with cobalt allergy were missed by cobalt 0.5% and 10 (0.7%) were missed by cobalt 1.0% (P < .001). No case of patch test sensitization was reported. Allergy to chromium was seen in 2.6% and allergy to nickel in 13.3%. Solitary allergy to cobalt without nickel allergy was shown in 61.1% of cobalt‐positive individuals. Female patients had larger proportions of positive reactions to cobalt (P = .036) and nickel (P < .001) than males.ConclusionThe results speak in favor of replacing cobalt chloride 0.5% with cobalt chloride 1.0% pet. in the Swedish baseline series, which will be done 2021.
A novel feature‐based network with sequential information for textile defect detection
Authors: Li Chenxi , Liu Tao , Ye Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel feature‐based attention network with sequential information is proposed for fabric defect detection. As an important part of the textiles industry, fabric quality inspection needs to be automated in the latest wave of intelligent transformation. To this end, fabric defect detection algorithms have been widely studied. In this paper, an efficient defect detection model for fabrics was built. As the appearances of defects change with the type of fabric, manual features which denote the overall situation of the fabric are used as prior knowledge. The feature‐based attention module discussed in this paper can generate attention maps from these manual features to rectify the responses of the feature maps according to the whole situation of the input image. Multidirectional long short‐term memory networks are implemented to extract context information from continuous defects. When making a judgement, taking sequential information into consideration may reduce the number of unexpected misjudged decisions compared with the number of those made independently pixel by pixel. Both of those two modules can be integrated into any existing convolutional neural network model and trained in an end‐to‐end manner. A fabric defect dataset is built to train and test the models. In this paper, several models with different architectures are implemented to verify our ideas, and are supported by results confirming the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Motor imagery in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a case–control study
Authors: Souto Deisiane O , Cruz Thalita K F , Fontes Patrícia L B , Haase Vitor G 
Published: September 2020

AimTo evaluate whether children with cerebral palsy (CP) are able to engage in a motor imagery task. Possible associations between motor imagery and functional performance, working memory, age, and intelligence were also investigated.MethodThis is a case–control study that assessed 57 children (25 females, 32 males) with unilateral CP, aged 6 to 14 years (mean age: 10y 4mo; SD 2y 8mo) and 175 typically developing (control) children, aged 6 to 13 years (87 females, 88 males; mean age: 9y 4mo; SD 1y 11mo). The hand laterality judgment task was used to measure motor imagery ability. Reaction time, accuracy, and the effect of the biomechanical constraints were assessed in this task.ResultsPerformance in both groups followed the biomechanical constraints of the task, that is, longer reaction times to recognize stimuli rotated laterally when compared to medial stimuli. Reaction time means did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). Significant differences between the unilateral CP and control groups were observed for accuracy (p<0.05). Functional performance and working memory were correlates of motor imagery tasks.InterpretationResults suggest that children with unilateral CP can engage in motor imagery; however, they commit more errors than typically developing controls. In addition, their performance in tasks of motor imagery is influenced by functional performance and working memory.
Cognitive performance in midlife type 2 diabetes: results from the ENBIND study
Authors: Dyer A. H. , McKenna L. , Gamage G. , Bourke N. M. , Killane I. , Widdowson M. , Woods C. P. , Gibney J. , Reilly R. , O’Neill D. , Kennelly S. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo establish the impact of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes on cognitive and neuropsychological performance in midlife.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of middle‐aged adults with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and a cohort of healthy control participants. General cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and neuropsychological assessment was undertaken using a detailed neuropsychological assessment battery.ResultsA total of 152 participants (102 with type 2 diabetes and 50 controls) were recruited (mean age 52 ± 8 years, 51% women). Participants with midlife type 2 diabetes were more than twice as likely to make an error on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test [incidence rate ratio 2.44 (95% CI 1.54 to 3.87); P < 0.001]. Further, type 2 diabetes was also associated with significantly lower memory composite score [β: −0.20 (95% CI −0.39 to −0.01); P = 0.04] and paired associates learning score [β: = −1.97 (95% CI −3.51, −0.43); P = 0.01] on the neuropsychological assessment battery following adjustment for age, sex, BMI, educational attainment and hypercholesterolaemia.ConclusionsEven in midlife, type 2 diabetes was associated with small but statistically significant cognitive decrements. These statistically significant decrements, whilst not clinically significant in terms of objective cognitive impairment, may have important implications in selecting out individuals most at risk of later cognitive decline for potential preventative interventions in midlife.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and the clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients
Authors: Liu Junlin , Wang Wei , Liu Kun , Wan Duoyan , Wu Zhiming , Cao Zhirui , Luo Yang , Xiao Chuanliu , Yin Mei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is a common genetic disease characterized by hyperproliferation and disordered maturation of keratinocytes. To date, many association studies between psoriasis and VDR gene have been conducted, but the results are controversial. Furthermore, vitamin D3 analogue has anti‐psoriatic activity; however, the clinical response is variable. This study was conducted to explore whether VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients. A total of 110 patients and 183 controls were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570, rs731236, rs1544410 and rs7975232 by LDR method. SNP‐based and haplotype‐based association analyses were subsequently performed. Patients with PASI < 3 were treated with calcipotriol ointment monotherapy. After 6 weeks of therapy, the correlations between efficacy and the genotypes of each polymorphism were evaluated. The results showed that for rs7975232, allele A was significantly over‐represented in psoriasis patients relative to controls (39.09% vs. 27.05%, OR (95% CI) = 1.731 (1.213‐2.471)), and compared with the reference CC genotype, the following ORs were observed: AA genotype OR = 2.404 (95% CI: 1.085‐5.328; P = .034) and GA genotype OR = 2.143 (95% CI: 1.283‐3.579; P = .005). Haplotype analyses showed that the rs2228570/rs731236/rs1544410/rs7975232 CTGA was significantly over‐represented in psoriasis patients compared with controls (OR (95% CI)=1.907 (1.132‐3.214); P = .020). Among the patients with PASI < 3, the response rates to calcipotriol were significantly higher in patients with rs7975232 CC genotypes than in those with other genotypes (x2 = 9.172, P = .010). These data suggest that VDR polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients.
Activated melanoma vessels: A sticky point for successful immunotherapy
Authors: Weishaupt Carsten , Goerge Tobias , Loser Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is a devastating disease with a marginal—albeit increasing—hope for cure. Melanoma has a high mutation rate which correlates to the expression of numerous neo‐antigens and thus is associated with the potential to induce and strengthen effective antitumoral immunity. However, the incomplete and potentially insufficient response to established immunotherapies (response rates usually do not markedly exceed 60%) already points to the need of further studies to improve treatment strategies. Multiple tumor escape mechanisms that allow melanoma to evade from antitumoral immune responses have been characterized and must be overcome to achieve a better clinical efficacy of immunotherapies. Recently, promising progress has been made in targeting tumor vasculature to control and increase the infiltration of tumors with effector lymphocytes. It has been hypothesized that amplified lymphocytic infiltrates in melanoma metastases result in a switch of the tumor microenvironment from a non‐inflammatory to an inflammatory state. In this view point essay, we discuss the requirements for successful homing of lymphocytes to melanoma tissue and we present a mouse melanoma xenograft model that allows the investigation of human tumor vessels in vivo. Furthermore, current clinical studies dealing with the activation of melanoma vasculature for enhanced effectiveness of immunotherapy protocols are presented and open questions for routine clinical application are addressed.