bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic insights into the low-salinity tolerance of the sea louse Caligus elongatus
Authors: Borchel Andreas , Nilsen Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Caligus elongatus is a marine copepod ectoparasite on a wide variety of fish species. It has also been observed on fish farms cultivating Atlantic salmon and reports shows that this parasite can be a problem for the industry and for the fish’s welfare. Freshwater is used as one of the non-medical treatment methods against the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). However, the efficacy of freshwater treatment against C. elongatus is still unknown. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the salinity tolerance limits of both adult and copepodid life stages of C. elongatus. Our findings reveal that detached adult C. elongatus exhibit low tolerance to reduced salinity, with mortality occurring within hours at salinities below 20 ppt. In contrast, copepodid stages demonstrated a slightly higher tolerance, surviving at salinities as low as 15 ppt for one day. Adult lice attached to a host quickly detached from the fish as soon as the salinity was lower than 20 ppt, suggesting that freshwater delousing might be effective in this species. To further understand the genetic basis of acclimation to reduced salinities, we performed RNA-sequencing to assemble the first transcriptome of this species and identify differentially expressed genes. Several genes regulated upon low-salinity transfer were identified. These include genes involved in proline metabolism, energy metabolism, and the transport of various ions and betaine, an osmolyte. The potential roles of these genes in salinity acclimation are discussed within an evolutionary context, providing valuable insights into the survival mechanisms of C. elongatus under low-salinity conditions.
Trajectories of lipid profile with cognitive function: 12-year follow-up of Guangzhou Biobank cohort study
Authors: Tian Yu Meng , Zhang Wei Sen , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhu Feng , Jin Ya Li , Yeung Shiu Lun Au , Wang Jiao , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing , Xu Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studies on the trajectories of lipid profile with cognitive decline are scarce and inconsistent. We examined this association and explored potential effect modification. Lipid profiles including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured at baseline, first and second follow-ups, and classified into trajectory groups. Immediate, delayed memory recall and cognitive function were assessed by the immediate (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups, and converted into standardized scores. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Results show that elevated HDL-C was associated with increasing annual change rates in DWRT and MMSE scores (β (95% confidence intervals) = 0.005 (-0.001 to 0.011) SD/year and 0.020 (0.014 to 0.027) SD/year, respectively), while LDL-C and TC were associated with a decrease in DWRT scores (-0.005 (-0.008 to -0.001) SD/year and − 0.009 (-0.011 to -0.006) SD/year, respectively). Moderate-increasing HDL-C, high-decreasing LDL-C or moderate-decreasing TC trajectories were associated with increases in DWRT, IWRT and MMSE scores. Stronger associations were identified for HDL-C with an increase in MMSE scores within the lower family income group and for LDL-C with a decrease in IWRT scores among individuals taking lipid-lowering drug. In conclusion, HDL-C was associated with improvements, while LDL-C and TC with decline in memory and cognitive function. Increasing HDL-C and decreasing LDL-C and TC trajectories predicted better memory and cognitive performance. The observed effect modifications highlight the importance of personalized approaches in lipid management to optimize cognitive outcomes.
Longitudinal changes in ocular biometry and their effect on intraocular lens power calculation accuracy in cataract patients
Authors: Yun Young In , Oh Richul , Oh Joo Youn , Choi Hyuk Jin , Kim Mee Kum , Yoon Chang Ho 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the changes in ocular biometry over time and their impact on intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in adult Korean patients with cataracts.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent two consecutive ocular biometric measurements spaced more than one year apart using the IOLMaster 700 between November 2019 and February 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Longitudinal changes in ocular biometry were evaluated. Predictive errors were compared among patients who underwent cataract surgery using the SRK/T, Kane, Barrett Universal II, Cook K6, EVO, Hill-RBF, Hoffer QST, and Pearl DGS formulas.

Results
A total of 448 eyes from 448 patients were included. Ocular biometry measured over an average interval of 23.4 months showed that with increasing age, axial length elongated (0.04 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.001), and the magnitude of total corneal astigmatism increased (0.04 ± 0.39 D, p = 0.018). The mean absolute predictive errors of the final measurements were significantly smaller compared to the initial measurements in the Barrett Universal II, EVO, Kane, and Pearl DGS formulas (difference of -0.05 D, -0.05 D, -0.06 D, and − 0.05 D, respectively). In the subgroup of eyes with an axial length of 25 mm or longer, the final measurements showed even greater reduction in mean absolute predictive errors across multiple formulas, including Barrett Universal II, Cook K6, EVO, Hill-RBF, Hoffer QST, Kane, and Pearl DGS, with reductions of -0.11 D, -0.11 D, -0.10 D, -0.08 D, -0.10 D, -0.09 D and − 0.10 D, respectively.

Conclusions
Axial length increases and corneal curvature changes with aging. IOLMaster 700 ocular biometry results measured closer to the date of surgery were more accurate in IOL power calculation than those measured more than one year earlier, with the greatest improvement observed in myopic eyes. Therefore, it is recommended to repeat IOLMaster 700 biometry before surgery if the previous measurements were taken more than a year ago.
Multi-attention Mechanism for Enhanced Pseudo-3D Prostate Zonal Segmentation
Authors: Krishnan Chetana , Onuoha Ezinwanne , Hung Alex , Sung Kyung Hyun , Kim Harrison 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a novel pseudo-3D Global–Local Channel Spatial Attention (GLCSA) mechanism designed to enhance prostate zonal segmentation in high-resolution T2-weighted MRI images. GLCSA captures complex, multi-dimensional features while maintaining computational efficiency by integrating global and local attention in channel and spatial domains, complemented by a slice interaction module simulating 3D processing. Applied across various U-Net architectures, GLCSA was evaluated on two datasets: a proprietary set of 44 patients and the public ProstateX dataset of 204 patients. Performance, measured using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Mean Surface Distance (MSD) metrics, demonstrated significant improvements in segmentation accuracy for both the transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ), with minimal parameter increase (1.27%). GLCSA achieved DSC increases of 0.74% and 11.75% for TZ and PZ, respectively, in the proprietary dataset. In the ProstateX dataset, improvements were even more pronounced, with DSC increases of 7.34% for TZ and 24.80% for PZ. Comparative analysis showed GLCSA-UNet performing competitively against other 2D, 2.5D, and 3D models, with DSC values of 0.85 (TZ) and 0.65 (PZ) on the proprietary dataset and 0.80 (TZ) and 0.76 (PZ) on the ProstateX dataset. Similarly, MSD values were 1.14 (TZ) and 1.21 (PZ) on the proprietary dataset and 1.48 (TZ) and 0.98 (PZ) on the ProstateX dataset. Ablation studies highlighted the effectiveness of combining channel and spatial attention and the advantages of global embedding over patch-based methods. In conclusion, GLCSA offers a robust balance between the detailed feature capture of 3D models and the efficiency of 2D models, presenting a promising tool for improving prostate MRI image segmentation.
PrEP Uptake and Utilisation Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chen-Charles Jenny , Joseph Davey Dvora , Toska Elona , Seeley Janet , Bekker Linda-Gail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Despite the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV, uptake and effective utilisation among AGYW remain suboptimal. This scoping review maps research on PrEP delivery outside clinical trials to AGYW in SSA. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from 58 studies on the facilitators and barriers to PrEP uptake and utilisation (including initiation, persistence, and adherence), and recommendations for effective PrEP delivery from AGYW and PrEP providers. Only studies on oral PrEP met the inclusion criteria. Facilitators of effective PrEP utilisation included social support with strong familial and peer networks positively influencing PrEP adherence and persistence. Healthcare provider interactions were pivotal in promoting PrEP uptake through dissemination of accurate information and ongoing support. Studies reported consistent barriers to PrEP uptake and utilisation including anticipated or experienced stigma, pill burden, and side effects. Addressing identified barriers and leveraging facilitators can enhance future effectiveness for PrEP delivery. There is a lack of strategies to support AGYW in long-term persistence and engagement with PrEP services. Our findings emphasise the urgent need for people-centred and localised, context-specific strategies to improve PrEP delivery among AGYW in SSA. Effective PrEP delivery strategies should include differentiated service delivery models, innovative approaches such as digital health, and integration with existing services such as antenatal care for pregnant and breastfeeding AGYW. More data is needed for PrEP delivery among AGYW across the region, including other PrEP modalities as they roll out.
FIPLib: An Image Processing Library for FPGAs Using High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Palazzari Paolo , Faltelli Marco , Iannone Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) for designing parallel hardware architectures on FPGAs. HLS compilers, like the one used in Vitis HLS, extract the available parallelism so the HLS languages should be thought as inherently parallel and should be programmed with the target parallel architecture in mind. We discuss how HLS facilitated the development of FIPLib, an image processing library for FPGAs, leveraging the streaming model. This library comprises parallel kernels connected through streams to implement a streaming data-flow computation. Following an overview of the library’s functionalities and its parallel implementation, we present the benefits of adopting this FPGA library, particularly in terms of speed and power consumption. We conduct a comparative analysis by implementing two image processing algorithms using both our FPGA library and the equivalent OpenCV CPU and GPU implementation. The results demonstrate that FPGAs programmed through FIPLib can significantly accelerate computations and/or reduce power consumption.
Status and prospects of biogeochemical Argo observations of chlorophyll-a in the northwest Pacific
Authors: Hayashida Hakase , Strutton Peter G. , Hashihama Fuminori , Horimoto-Miyazaki Naho , Katano Toshiya , Yasui-Tamura Saori 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats are autonomous marine observing platforms that monitor chlorophyll-a and other indicators of ocean ecosystem health globally. Since 2018, there has been an increase in the number of chlorophyll-a observations in the northwest Pacific due to the deployment of BGC-Argo floats. Such progress offers an unprecedented opportunity to develop a skillful operational ocean biogeochemical model. Here, we assess the performance of BGC-Argo floats in measuring chlorophyll-a concentrations and their spatiotemporal structures via comparison with satellite and shipboard data. Results show a good correlation (r = 0.61) between the float and satellite observations and an excellent correlation (r = 0.87) between the satellite and shipboard observations of sea surface concentrations. The float data have a bias of about 0.04 mg m−3 or 59 % with respect to the satellite observations. Rare matchups between the float and shipboard observations of winter and summer profiles in the upper 200 m reveal an excellent correlation (r = 0.86), demonstrating the reliability of the vertical structure obtained from these floats. Concurrent two-year time series from five BGC-Argo floats reveal the prevalence of subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima in the subtropical northwest Pacific that can persist throughout the year. These findings stress the importance of subsurface monitoring to better quantify biological productivity and carbon export. We discuss the status of BGC-Argo floats in the northwest Pacific and recommend possible directions for modelling work and deployment efforts in achieving the proposed global array of 1000 floats in this decade, which has significant potential to improve predictability.
Towards the Recognition of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Researchers
Authors: Salmela Mikko , Vienni-Baptista Bianca , Cheas Kirsi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research are widely considered necessary to addressing complex, often called ´wicked´, problems. Moreover, national and international funding schemes, institutional structures, and education programs have been created to foster interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research. However, there is a largely silenced ´wicked´ problem in the heart of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research: the precarious situation of academics engaging in such research in their individual work. Relying on STS and ID/TD scholarships, we identify the institutional, social, cultural, and psychological challenges of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary researchers in the contemporary scientific community. Based on Caniglia and Vogel (2023), we compare the position of these researchers to that of queer people in a heteronormative and sexually binary society. We argue that the challenges of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary scholars, and their queer-like status, should be conceptualized as a problem of recognition of these scholars. Following Fraser (2003), we understand denial of recognition –either through maldistribution of resources, or misrecognition of identity, or both– as a set of obstacles in equal participation in academic life. Finally, we distinguish between social and institutional recognition, concluding that while researchers can contribute to social recognition through their own actions, institutional recognition requires science policy interventions by research institutions and funders.
Photochemical processes in aqueous benzoquinone and anthraquinone solutions studied by spectrophotometry
Authors: Csonka Krisztina , Lukács Panna , Ősz Katalin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the experimental and theoretical limitations and advantages of using spectrophotometric technique to study a homogeneous, liquid-phase photochemical reaction. 1,4-Benzoquinone and anthraquinone derivatives dissolved in water were examined in a PhotoCube™ photoreactor under illumination with 365, 395, 457, 500, 523, 595, 623 nm, or white light. Derivatives with different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents were studied. The photosensitivity of 1,4-benzoquinone solutions is known. However, a different kind of product was formed during storage in the dark than under illumination. Using classical matrix rank analysis and the M3 method (which uses the steps of Gauss-Jordan elimination), the number of light-absorbing particles in each photochemical reaction was determined. In general, one of the colored particles is the quinone, and the other is a constant ratio mixture of hydroquinone and hydroxyquinone formed as a product, which are weak acids, so their protonation/deprotonation also occurs as the pH of the solution changes, thereby increasing the number of colored particles. This effect was previously avoided by using buffers or pH–stat technique. In the case of the 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone derivative, photochemical kinetic measurements at various temperatures were carried out in a diode array spectrophotometer with polychromatic light source. The reaction was only slightly accelerated by increasing the temperature from room temperature to 45 °C.
A unified account of semantic and pragmatic infelicity
Authors: Franzén Nils , Stokke Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper argues for a unified account of semantic and pragmatic infelicity. It is argued that an utterance is infelicitous when it communicates an inconsistent set of propositions, given the context. In cases of semantic infelicity the relevant utterance expresses a set of inconsistent propositions, whereas pragmatic infelicity is a matter of the utterance conflicting with contextual expectations or assumptions. We spell out this view within the standard framework according to which a central aim of communication is to update a body of information shared among the participants. We show that this account explains different kinds of infelicity for both declarative and non-declarative utterances. Further, the account is seen to make correct predictions for a range of cases involving irony, joking, and related non-assertoric utterances.
Quantification of the Available Information of Hydrological Datasets: Stabilizing the Estimator of Multivariate Mutual Information
Authors: Findanis Evangelos , Loukas Athanasios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Available Information contained in a hydrological dataset represents the meaningful information per timestep that enters a rainfall-runoff model. To estimate this quantity, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) must be performed to transform the original observations into statistically independent signals. However, ICA algorithms may detect many sets of nearly independent signals suitable for this transformation, posing the question of which set is the optimal one. In the present paper, it is proposed that the components of the optimal set must share the least total pairwise mutual information among all sets since the mutual information of a pair of components is a measure of their statistical independence. This novel approach of estimating the available information of a dataset is applied to five basins in Thessaly, Greece and it is compared to the standard approach of taking the average value occurring from multiple ICA runs. It is illustrated that discarding ICA solutions with high total pairwise mutual information shared between their components stabilizes the estimator of Available Information and increases its precision. This comes with the cost of additional computation time since multiple evaluations of bivariate mutual information are needed.
Processing of Nanocrystalline Inconel 718—Graphite Composites by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Kasalo Manoel , Suarez Sebastian , Keckes Julius F. , Kiener Daniel , Bachmaier Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work uses high-pressure torsion (HPT) to fabricate nanostructured graphite-reinforced Inconel 718 metal matrix composites. The initial powders were pretreated by a colloidal mixing (CM) step to mitigate graphite particle agglomeration and improve the powder blend homogeneity. Scanning electron microscopy investigations show the formation of a nanocrystalline solid solution of the Inconel 718 matrix. Comprehensive statistical image analysis is used to study graphite evolution after deformation in dependency of concentrations and processing routes. It is shown that CM improves composite processability, significantly reducing graphite agglomerate size (80 pct), and improving graphite distribution homogeneity. Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal the structural state of graphite, showing a minimal effect of CM on graphite defect density, while HPT induces a significant increase. Despite the structural degradation, no amorphization is observed, and crystalline domain sizes remain constant in the nanocrystalline range, independent of the applied shear strain. The nanoindentation hardness tested at room temperature is higher for graphite-reinforced composites compared to the Inconel 718 reference alloy. High-temperature in situ nanoindentation tests reveal that the indentation hardness of the CM-processed composite measured at 823 K even surpasses the hardness of the pure reference alloy at room temperature.
Optimization and Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Leaching in the Presence of Hydrochloric and Nitric Acids, along with a Particle Shape-Based Evaluation
Authors: Tombal Tugba Deniz , Kursun Ilgin , Terzi Mert , Gungoren Can 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The extraction of Cu from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) by hydrometallurgical methods is becoming increasingly widespread in the world, and hydrochloride (HCl) and nitric acids (HNO3) are important lixiviants used for this purpose. However, chalcopyrite is the most refractory Cu mineral for hydrometallurgical techniques, and therefore determining the appropriate leaching conditions has a crucial role in its beneficiation efficiency. Thus, in this study, the optimum conditions for the chalcopyrite leaching with HCl and HNO3 acids were determined, and 95% and 96% dissolution efficiencies (DEs) were obtained in the presence of HCl and HNO3, respectively, in the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the results of the kinetic model for the control of the general reaction rate indicated that the dissolution of Cu minerals by both acids was diffusion-controlled, with average correlation coefficient values of 0.9955 and 0.9956 for HCl and HNO3, respectively. In addition, a particle shape-based evaluation was performed for the leaching feed and residues for the shape factors of circularity, roundness, and solidity to reveal the effect of the leaching processes on the morphology of the particles. The results indicated that the particles approached a circular pattern after the leaching in the presence of both acids. In addition, while more round-edged and less concave particles were obtained after HCl leaching, the edge of the particles became more angular and more concave after the leaching with HNO3. The results of this study also showed that optimum leaching conditions were achieved at 63 × 75 µm particle size, 15% solids ratio, 120 min leaching time, and 250 rpm stirring speed, and that the morphological properties of the particles formed as a result of leaching varied according to the lixiviant concentration, ambient temperature, and acid type. It can be seen from the results that the reaction fits the diffusion-controlled model.