bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Esmaeili Marzieh , Abdi Fatemeh , Shafiee Gita , Rastad Hadis , Asayesh Hamid , Abdar Zahra Esmaeili , Baygi Fereshteh , Qorbani Mostafa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. MethodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method.ResultsAmong 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.
Sequential receptor binding primes the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein for membrane fusion
Authors: Benton Donald , Wrobel Antoni , Xu Penqi , Roustan Chloë , Martin Stephen , Rosenthal Peter , Skehel John , Gamblin Steven 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by virus binding to ACE2 cell surface receptors, followed by fusion of virus and cell membranes to release the virus genome into the cell. Both receptor binding and membrane fusion activities are mediated by the virus spike glycoprotein, S. As with other class I membrane fusion proteins, S is post-translationally cleaved, in this case by furin, into S1 and S2 components that remain associated following cleavage. Fusion activation following receptor binding is proposed to involve the exposure of a second proteolytic site (S2’), cleavage of which is required for the fusion peptide release. We have investigated the binding of ACE2 to the furin-cleaved form of SARS-CoV-2 S by cryoEM. We classify ten different molecular species including the unbound, closed spike trimer, the fully open ACE2-bound trimer, and dissociated monomeric S1 bound to ACE2. The ten structures describe sequential ACE2 binding events which destabilise the spike trimer, progressively opening up, and out, the individual S1 components. The opening process reduces S1 contacts with each other and un-shields the trimeric S2 core, priming fusion activation and dissociation of ACE2-bound S1 monomers. The structures also reveal refolding of one of the S1 subdomains, following ACE2 binding, that disrupts interactions with S2, notably involving Asp614, leading to destabilisation of the structure of S2 proximal to the secondary (S2’) cleavage site.
Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness After Tidal Volume Challenge During Pressure-Controlled Ventilation Volume Guaranteed: An observational study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Jiang Lingling , Hu Jun , Zhang Ye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The reliability of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) to predict fluid responsiveness have not previously been established when using pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode. We hypothesized that with a transient increase in tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW), which we reference as the “tidal volume challenge (TVC)”, the changes to PPV and SVV will be an indicator of fluid responsiveness.Methods: The patients were first ventilated with a tidal volume of (Vt) 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) using PCV-VG. Following intravenous anesthesia induction, PPV6 and SVV6 were recorded, then the TVC was performed, which increased Vt from 6 mL/kg to 8 mL/kg PBW for 1 minute and PPV8 and SVV8 were recorded again. The changes in value of PPV and SVV (ΔPPV6-8 and ΔSVV6-8) were calculated after TVC. Following the minute of TVC, the tidal volume was returned to 6 ml/kg PBW for the fluid challenge (FC), a colloid infusion of 6ml/kg PBW for 20 minutes. Patients were classified as responders if there was an increase in cardiac index (CI) of more than 15% after FC, otherwise the patients were identified as non-responders. Eligible patients were divided into groups of responders or non-responders.Results: 37 patients were classified as responders and 44 were non-responders. PPV6 and SVV6 could not predict the fluid responsiveness, while PPV8 and SVV8 could predict the fluid responsiveness when using PCV-VG mode. The changes in value of PPV and SVV after TVC (ΔPPV6-8 and ΔSVV6-8) identified true fluid responders with the highest sensitivity and specificity in the above variables, which predicted fluid responsiveness with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) (95% CIs) being 0.96 (0.93-1.00) and 0.98 (0.96-1.00), respectively. No significant difference was found when comparing the AUCs of ΔPPV6-8 and ΔSVV6-8 (P > 0.05). Linear correlation was represented between the change value of CI after FC and the change value of SVV or PPV after TVC (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001 and r = 0.77; P < 0.0001, respectively).Conclusions: A transient increase in tidal volume, which we reference as the “tidal volume challenge (TVC)” could enhance the predictive value of PPV and SVV for the evaluation of fluid responsiveness in patients under ventilation with PCV-VG.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000028995). Prospectively registered on 11 January 2020. http://www.medresman.org.
Delimitando espaços e definindo papéis:
Authors: Gonçalves de Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

Mudanças de paradigma na organização do trabalho resultam em diferentes níveis de aceitação/adaptação/legitimação dos novos modelos organizacionais pelos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, propomos analisar o corte geracional entre trabalhadores, suas causas e suas consequências. Observou-se uma divisão dos trabalhadores em distintos grupos geracionais, resultado de como se relacionam com o trabalho bancário reestruturado. Por outro lado, a compreensão da divisão geracional e suas implicações para a organização e para as relações de trabalho nos permite uma nova abordagem dos constrangimentos à organização e à ação sindical. Nesse sentido, propomos que tal análise considere o distanciamento entre sindicato e trabalhadores a partir de seus desacordos de ideias e valores, informados por distintas trajetórias e formações enquanto trabalhadores.
Palavras-chaves: Gerações de trabalhadores; estabelecidos; outsiders; trabalho bancário; modelo flexível.
Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials as Effective Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Siddeeg Saifeldin M. , Tahoon Mohamed A. , Alsaiari Norah S. , Shabbir Muhamad , Rebah Faouzi B. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Nanomaterials offer promising remediation techniques for water containing
toxic pollutants especially heavy metals.

Method:
A complete analysis of the application of nano-adsorbents for heavy metals removal from
water has been reviewed. The effect of their functionalization on the adsorption capacity, the reusability,
and the surface area has also been discussed.

Result:
In particular, the focus was on the applications of graphene oxide, carbon, silica, titanium
dioxide, and iron oxide for water treatment. Additionally, the effect of functional groups on heavy
metal selectivity has been discussed as well.

Conclusion:
This article will provide environmental engineers and academicians with information
related to the latest engineered nanomaterials employed for the treatment of wastewater containing
toxic heavy metals.
Potentiometric Determination of Mercury Ions by Sol-gel Synthesized
Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Zr (IV) Phosphate Composite Fabricated
Membrane Electrode
Authors: Rangreez Tauseef Ahmad , Mobin Rizwana , Chisti Hamida Tun Nisa 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The nanocomposites are formed by introducing inorganic nano-clusters, fullerenes, clays, metals,
oxides with numerous organic polymers. The assembly of these materials exhibits better properties such as catalytic, thermal
stability and adsorption properties, etc. than the individual materials.

Objective:
The nanocomposite synthesized here by sol-gel method was primarily evaluated for cation exchange properties
viz, elution concentration, elution behavior, effect of temperature on ion-exchange capacity. The synthesized composite was
used as an electro-active component for fabrication of Hg2+ ion selective membrane electrode.

Method :
The sol-gel technique was used to synthesize multi-walled carbon nanotubes Zr(IV) phosphate composite cation
exchanger. By the technique of solution casting the material as an electroactive part was used for the fabrication of mercury
ion-selective membrane electrode. The potential response of the electrode was also investigated as a function of membrane
composition and plasticizer.

Results:
The composite cation exchanger exhibited 1.8 meq g-1 ion-exchange capacity (IEC). It retained almost 65 % of its
initial IEC upto a temperature of 400 °C. Distribution studies showed the selective nature of the composite for Hg(II) ions.
The ion-selective membrane electrode exhibited typical Nernstian response towards Hg2+ ions in the concentration range
1×10-1
-1×10-7 M.

Conclusion:
The results discussed reveal that a new cation composite exchanger-multi-walled carbon nanotubes Zr (IV)
phosphate exhibited excellent cation exchange properties and was found to be preferentially selective towards the Hg2+ ions.
It was also used as an indicator electrode in the titration of Hg2+ using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a titrant.
Development and Characterization of LBG-PVA Interpenetrating Networks Incorporating Gliclazide for Sustained Release
Authors: Katoch Ashish , Nagpal Manju , Kaur Malkiet , Singh Manjinder , Aggarwal Geeta , Dhingra Gitika Arora 
Published: July 2020

Background:Controlled oral dosage forms have always been preferred for drugs with variable absorption, and short biological half life and frequent dosing. The prime goal with sustained release systems is to maintain uniform therapeutic blood levels for more extended periods of time. Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) have been evidenced as uniform sustained release systems. In the current study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and locust bean gum (LBG) based IPNs were developed for the oral sustained release drug delivery of gliclazide (shows variable absorption).Methods:The IPNs were synthesized by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross linking agent. Gliclazide is a potential second generation, and short-acting sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent having a short biological half-life (2-4 h), variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability. Various batches of IPNs were formulated by varying LBG: PVA ratio and evaluated for percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), swelling properties and in vitro drug release studies. Further characterizations were done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), C13 Solid state NMR, X-Ray diffraction study (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Differential scanning microscopy (DSC) studies.Results:The percentage yield, drug entrapment and equilibrium swelling were observed to be dependent on PVA-LBG ratio and GA amount. Sustained release of drug was observed in all IPN formulations (approx 59 - 86% in 8 h in various batches) with variable release kinetics. SEM studies revealed the regular structures of IPNs. FTIR, XRD, C13 Solid state NMR and DSC studies proposed that drug was successfully incorporated into the formed IPNs.Conclusion:IPNs of LBG and PVA can be used as a promising carrier with uniform sustained release characteristics.
Experiences With Wearable Activity Data During Self-Care by Chronic Heart Patients: Qualitative Study
Authors: Andersen Tariq Osman , Langstrup Henriette , Lomborg Stine 
Published: July 2020

Background
Most commercial activity trackers are developed as consumer devices and not as clinical devices. The aim is to monitor and motivate sport activities, healthy living, and similar wellness purposes, and the devices are not designed to support care management in a clinical context. There are great expectations for using wearable sensor devices in health care settings, and the separate realms of wellness tracking and disease self-monitoring are increasingly becoming blurred. However, patients’ experiences with activity tracking technologies designed for use outside the clinical context have received little academic attention.

Objective
This study aimed to contribute to understanding how patients with a chronic disease experience activity data from consumer self-tracking devices related to self-care and their chronic illness. Our research question was: “How do patients with heart disease experience activity data in relation to self-care and chronic illness?”

Methods
We conducted a qualitative interview study with patients with chronic heart disease (n=27) who had an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. Patients were invited to wear a FitBit Alta HR wearable activity tracker for 3-12 months and provide their perspectives on their experiences with step, sleep, and heart rate data. The average age was 57.2 years (25 men and 2 women), and patients used the tracker for 4-49 weeks (mean 26.1 weeks). Semistructured interviews (n=66) were conducted with patients 2–3 times and were analyzed iteratively in workshops using thematic analysis and abductive reasoning logic.

Results
Of the 27 patients, 18 related the heart rate, sleep, and step count data directly to their heart disease. Wearable activity trackers actualized patients’ experiences across 3 dimensions with a spectrum of contrasting experiences: (1) knowing, which spanned gaining insight and evoking doubts; (2) feeling, which spanned being reassured and becoming anxious; and (3) evaluating, which spanned promoting improvements and exposing failure.

Conclusions
Patients’ experiences could reside more on one end of the spectrum, could reside across all 3 dimensions, or could combine contrasting positions and even move across the spectrum over time. Activity data from wearable devices may be a resource for self-care; however, the data may simultaneously constrain and create uncertainty, fear, and anxiety. By showing how patients experience self-tracking data across dimensions of knowing, feeling, and evaluating, we point toward the richness and complexity of these data experiences in the context of chronic illness and self-care.
CORONAVIRUS-A VIRUS IN LEARNING
Authors: NIHARIKA D. , NIHARIKA B. , AISHWARYA T. , NIKITHA A. , BUTOOL RABIA , IBRAHIM MANAL , DHARAKESWARE R. 
Published: July 2020

Viruses can infect almost all the types of life forms, from animals, plants to microorganisms. They are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous types of biological entity. The present pandemic on Earth due to SARS COV 2, coronavirus has given a big jolt to the scientific community and created a deep curiosity in us to understand the virus and its interaction biochemically in humans. We did a small project by researching and compiling the information about its outbreak and host-pathogen interactions. To understand this pandemic COVID 19 and the virus, we as students learnt the structural morphology of virus and its role in the host-pathogen interaction. We used several online platforms for our study like PubMed, Scopus, WHO, ICMR and CDC Websites.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Pembagian Harta Bersama yang Dijadikan Jaminan Hutang Melalui Akta Perdamaian
Authors: Pratama I Gede Arya Agus , Mahendrawati Ni Luh , Suryani Luh Putu 
Published: July 2020

Harta bersama adalah harta yang di dapat suami istri selama perkawinan. Penyelesaian sengketa mempunyai makna bahwa penyelesaian pertentangan antara dua pihak atau lebih yang berawal dari persepsi yang berbeda tentang suatu kepentingan atau hak milik yang dapat menimbulkan akibat hukum bagi keduanya. Akta Perdamaian adalah setelah para pihak melakukan mediasi, tercapai kesepakatan pihak perkara tentang pokok sengketa yang dirumuskan dalam perjanjian perdamaian. Pada sidang yang ditentukan, pihak perkara mengajukan perjanjian perdamaian tersebut agar dijadikan akta perdamaian sebagai penyelesaian sengketa mereka. Berdasarkan uraian di atas akan di bahas permasalahan : 1. Apakah harta bersama perkawinan yang dijadikan jaminan utang pada pihak ketiga dapat menjadi obyek kesepakatan perdamaian oleh Penggugat dan Tergugat ? dan 2.Bagaimana proses penyelesaian sengketa terhadap harta bersama yang dijadikan jaminan utang pada pihak ketiga ?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, mengkaji dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, harta bersama perkawinan yang sedang dalam kedudukan sebagai jaminan utang, tidak dapat dijadikan obyek sengketa kepemilikan, ataupun obyek dalam akta perdamaian antara penggugat dan tergugat tanpa melibatkan pihak pemegang hak jaminan, Suami istri atau bekas suami istri bersengketa terhadap harta bersama yang dijadikan jaminan utang, harus mendudukkan pihak pemegang jaminan sebagai salah satu dari pihak perkara.
Relasi Pertukaran Sosial antara Masyarakat dan Partai Politik
Authors: Liata Nofal 
Published: July 2020

The study aims to discuss the social exchange relationship "symbiotic mutualism" mutual benefit between society and political parties. The author sees, the community's perspective saw political activity it is still perceived as something dirty, tends to apathy, not as a means of political struggle to make a profit. The purpose of this study is to uncover more conceptual facts of favorable relationships to two parties so that political activity is then a place of healthy and conducive struggle, which is not contrary to the rules of the law. The method of collecting data in this study is to use the primary data of political sociology core literacy, then to use secondary data on the relevance of social reality to strengthen primary data. This study of the symbiotic mutualism relationship is very beneficial to build the political awareness of the community and the elite of political parties to support development, whether it is the development of material and non-material, so that political activities become beneficial for all circles, not even in the left.
Evaluasi Kinerja Jaringan Jalan Menggunakan Metode Comparative Route Factor
Authors: Magfirona Alfia , Hidayati Nurul , Sunarjono Sri 
Published: July 2020

Tingginya mobilitas penduduk di berbagai sektor seperti ekonomi, pendidikan dan budaya menyebabkan beberapa pemasalahan transportasi, di antaranya kemacetan dan keselamatan berlalu lintas. Berbagai upaya Manajemen Rekayasa Lalu Lintas telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surakarta, salah satunya adalah pemberlakuan aturan Sistem Satu Arah (SSA). Dampak pemberlakuan SSA tersebut tentunya akan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja jaringan jalan di Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai route factor kondisi ruas jalan di Kawasan Kerten ditinjau dari waktu tempuh pada kondisi eksisting dan kondisi skenario dengan kondisi SSA. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja jaringan jalan adalah metode Comparative Route Factor. Nilai route factor diperoleh dengan cara membandingkan rute kondisi alternatif yang tercepat dengan rute kondisi eksisting. Data yang digunakan adalah jarak tempuh yang diperoleh dari google map dan kecepatan arus dari data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi diketahui nilai CRF,sebesar 1,09. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya skenario SSA menyebabkan waktu tempuh yang lebih lama menuju titik pusat di Simpang Purwosari. Kendaraan yang berasal dari titik pusat Simpang Purwosari harus memutar terlebih dahulu melalui ruas Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, Jalan Dr. Rajiman dan Jalan KH Agus Salim. Nilai CRF tidak terlalu berbeda jika titik acuan awal yang digunakan berubah. Meskipun demikian perubahan yang dilakukan tidak begitu besar pengaruhnya terhadap efisiensi waktu tempuh antara kondisi skenario dengan eksisting.Kata-kata kunci: kinerja, jaringan jalan, rute, comparative route factor, SSA.
Multivariate Analysis on The Determinants of Work Fatigue Factors for Nurses Inpatient Care at RSUD Arifin Achmad Hospital Pekanbaru
Authors: Sari Devi Purnama , Suwandi Tjipto , Rahayu Endang Purnawati 
Published: July 2020

This research aims to analyze the relationship of age, sex, years of work, nutritional status and work shifts to work fatigue. This research is a quantitative observational analytic study with an analytic cross-sectional study design and a sample size of 60 people. Primary data were collected by direct observation, interviews with the KAUPK2 questionnaire and measurement of Lassidaya L77. The results of bivariate analysis showed a relationship between age and nurse work fatigue (p = 0.026). There was no gender relationship (p = 0.552), years of service (p = 0.104), nutritional status (p = 0.288) and work shift (p = 0.132) with work fatigue. Arifin Achmad Hospital (p = 0.009) POR 12,199 (95%: 1,847 - 80,575). Counfonding work shifts with tenure. There is no relationship between sex and nutritional status with the incidence of work fatigue. Nutritional status (p = 0.571), POR 1.458 (95%: 0.395 - 5.379). Nutritional status (p = 0.866) 1.062 POR (95%: 0.527 - 2.140). The age variable was not included in the multivariate analysis because it was homogeneous. From the results of the analysis it was concluded that the working period ≥ 10 years affects work fatigue compared to ten years <10 years.