bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐amyloid model core peptides: Effects of hydrophobes and disulfides
Authors: Hawk Laura M. L. , Pittman Jay M. , Moore Patrick C. , Srivastava Atul K. , Zerweck Jonathan , Williams Joshua T. B. , Hawk Andrew J. , Sachleben Joseph R. , Meredith Stephen C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanism by which a disordered peptide nucleates and forms amyloid is incompletely understood. A central domain of β‐amyloid (Aβ21–30) has been proposed to have intrinsic structural propensities that guide the limited formation of structure in the process of fibrillization. In order to test this hypothesis, we examine several internal fragments of Aβ, and variants of these either cyclized or with an N‐terminal Cys. While Aβ21–30 and variants were always monomeric and unstructured (circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS)), we found that the addition of flanking hydrophobic residues in Aβ16–34 led to formation of typical amyloid fibrils. NMR showed no long‐range nuclear overhauser effect (nOes) in Aβ21–30, Aβ16–34, or their variants, however. Serial 1H‐15N‐heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, 1H‐1H nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, and 1H‐1H total correlational spectroscopy spectra were used to follow aggregation of Aβ16–34 and Cys‐Aβ16–34 at a site‐specific level. The addition of an N‐terminal Cys residue (in Cys‐Aβ16–34) increased the rate of fibrillization which was attributable to disulfide bond formation. We propose a scheme comparing the aggregation pathways for Aβ16–34 and Cys‐Aβ16–34, according to which Cys‐Aβ16–34 dimerizes, which accelerates fibril formation. In this context, cysteine residues form a focal point that guides fibrillization, a role which, in native peptides, can be assumed by heterogeneous nucleators of aggregation.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Jason , Sanghavi Kinjal , Shen Jun , Zhao Xiaochen , Feng Yan , Statkevich Paul , Sheng Jennifer , Roy Amit , Zhu Li 
Published: November 2019

Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits programmed cell death‐1 activation. To assess covariate effects on nivolumab clearance (CL), a population pharmacokinetics model was developed using data from 6,468 patients with colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab or chemotherapy across 25 clinical studies. Nivolumab CL was similar across the tumor types examined; CL was higher for ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks (by 17%) and 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks (by 29%) vs. nivolumab monotherapy. Nivolumab CL over time was partially explained by time‐varying covariates. A greater decrease in nivolumab time‐varying CL was associated with increased albumin and body weight and a responder status. Our findings support the observed association between nivolumab CL and disease severity.
Pneumatically driven surgical forceps displaying a magnified grasping torque
Authors: Iwai Takuya , Kanno Takahiro , Miyazaki Tetsuro , Haraguchi Daisuke , Kawashima Kenji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground: Sensing the grasping force and displaying the force for the operator are important for safe operation in robot‐assisted surgery. Although robotic forceps that senses the force by force sensors or driving torque of electric motors is proposed, the force sensors and the motors have some problems such as increase in weight and difficulty of the sterilization.Method: We developed a pneumatically driven robotic forceps that estimates the grasping torque and display the magnified torque for the operator. The robotic forceps has a master device and a slave robot, and they are integrated. In the slave side, the grasping torque is estimated by the pressure change in the pneumatic cylinder. A pneumatic bellows display the torque through a linkage.Results: We confirmed that the slave robot follows the motion of the master, and the grasping torque is estimated in the accuracy of 7 mNm and is magnified and displayed for the operator.Conclusions: The pneumatically driven robotic forceps has the capability in the estimation of the grasping torque and display of the torque. Regarding future work, the usability and fatigues of the surgeons must be evaluated.
Disturbance attenuation with fast global finite‐time convergence for generalized high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Sun Zong‐Yao , Wang Min , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Meng Qinghua 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on the problem of disturbance attenuation with fast global finite‐time convergence (FTC) for a class of generalized high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems. Combining the fast finite‐time stabilization technique with a delicate manipulation of sign functions, a new control approach is proposed to attenuate the serious uncertainties substantially, including time‐varying control coefficients, nonlinear parameters, and external disturbances, while achieving the performance evaluated in terms of L2‐L2p gain. A notable feature of the control strategy is the fast FTC, which greatly shortens the convergent time when the initial state is far away from the origin. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of pulse width modulation controlled systems based on a piecewise affine description
Authors: Massioni Paolo , Bako Laurent , Scorletti Gérard , Trofino Alexandre 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe problem of assuring the asymptotic stability of a pulse width modulation (PMW) control scheme is a classical topic in control engineering, where a continuous‐time control signal is approximated by a piecewise constant signal. This paper proposes a general framework that either shows the local asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop PWM system or proves the convergence of the state to an invariant set, which is the case in the presence of limit cycles. The proposed method is based on a piecewise affine representation of the closed‐loop system in discrete time, and it uses semidefinite programming both to find a Lyapunov‐like function and to determine an estimate of the region of attraction. This is an important feature since the desired continuous‐time control action at some instants may be larger than the magnitude of the PWM signals, leading to saturation of the applied control action, a well‐known source of performance degradation and even instability. Two academic examples of applications are shown, in the domain of spacecraft positioning control and electric direct current (DC) motor servoing.
Environmental factors associated with the occurrence of the Ponto–Caspian gobies in a lowland river belonging to the central European invasion corridor
Authors: Płąchocki Dariusz , Kobak Jarosław , Poznańska‐Kakareko Małgorzata , Kakareko Tomasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPonto–Caspian goby fish belong to the most successful invaders in freshwater ecosystems of Europe and North America. So far, three alien goby species have been present in the Polish section of the Dnieper–Rhine River corridor: the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis, the racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus, and the western tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris. Their assemblages in this region are unique because, in contrast to their native region or the Danube–Rhine corridor, they are unaffected by other gobiid species. We conducted electrofishing and habitat quality surveys to gather information on key environmental factors associated with the distribution of these fish in the lower river Vistula, which constitutes a vast middle part of the corridor used by the Ponto–Caspian species to migrate westward in Europe. We showed that the sandy bottom was beneficial for the monkey goby allowing the species to attain the highest abundance among the gobies in the river. Habitat complexity generated by artificial bank structures, as well as dense macrophyte coverage in the main channel, favoured mostly the expansion of the racer goby. Off‐channel areas with vegetation and a muddy bottom (old river beds and pools) were the most suitable habitats for the western tubenose goby. We did not find any negative spatial relationships among gobies of various species and sizes except the avoidance of the monkey goby by small western tubenose goby. Thus, our study demonstrates substantial habitat partitioning, suggesting a low level of interspecific competition among the three species in a lowland river.
Electrochemical Reduction of N2 to NH3 Using a Co‐Atom Stabilized on Defective N‐Doped Graphene: A Computational Study
Authors: Saeidi Nasibeh , Esrafili Mehdi D. , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe catalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 under mild condition remains as a challenging and important chemical process. By performing first‐principle density functional theory calculations, the fixation and catalytic reduction of N2 are investigated over a single Co atom supported defective N‐doped graphene (Co/N3‐Gr) for the first time. All the distal, alternating and enzymatic mechanisms are investigated for the N2 activation and its conversion to ammonia. Our findings reveal that Co/N3‐Gr exhibits high catalytic performance for the low‐temperature electrochemical reduction of N2 through the enzymatic mechanism. According to our results, the hydrogen evaluation reaction cannot proceed in parallel with the N2 reduction, due to its relatively large over potential (η).
Magnetization Dynamics of an Individual Single‐Crystalline Fe‐Filled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Lenz Kilian , Narkowicz Ryszard , Wagner Kai , Reiche Christopher F. , Körner Julia , Schneider Tobias , Kákay Attila , Schultheiss Helmut , Weissker Uhland , Wolf Daniel , Suter Dieter , Büchner Bernd , Fassbender Jürgen , Mühl Thomas , Lindner Jürgen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe magnetization dynamics of individual Fe‐filled multiwall carbon‐nanotubes (FeCNT), grown by chemical vapor deposition, are investigated by microresonator ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) microscopy and corroborated by micromagnetic simulations. Currently, only static magnetometry measurements are available. They suggest that the FeCNTs consist of a single‐crystalline Fe nanowire throughout the length. The number and structure of the FMR lines and the abrupt decay of the spin‐wave transport seen in BLS indicate, however, that the Fe filling is not a single straight piece along the length. Therefore, a stepwise cutting procedure is applied in order to investigate the evolution of the ferromagnetic resonance lines as a function of the nanowire length. The results show that the FeCNT is indeed not homogeneous along the full length but is built from 300 to 400 nm long single‐crystalline segments. These segments consist of magnetically high quality Fe nanowires with almost the bulk values of Fe and with a similar small damping in relation to thin films, promoting FeCNTs as appealing candidates for spin‐wave transport in magnonic applications.
Strain Anisotropy and Magnetic Domains in Embedded Nanomagnets
Authors: Nord Magnus , Semisalova Anna , Kákay Attila , Hlawacek Gregor , MacLaren Ian , Liersch Vico , Volkov Oleksii M. , Makarov Denys , Paterson Gary W. , Potzger Kay , Lindner Jürgen , Fassbender Jürgen , McGrouther Damien , Bali Rantej 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanoscale modifications of strain and magnetic anisotropy can open pathways to engineering magnetic domains for device applications. A periodic magnetic domain structure can be stabilized in sub‐200 nm wide linear as well as curved magnets, embedded within a flat non‐ferromagnetic thin film. The nanomagnets are produced within a non‐ferromagnetic B2‐ordered Fe60Al40 thin film, where local irradiation by a focused ion beam causes the formation of disordered and strongly ferromagnetic regions of A2 Fe60Al40. An anisotropic lattice relaxation is observed, such that the in‐plane lattice parameter is larger when measured parallel to the magnet short‐axis as compared to its length. This in‐plane structural anisotropy manifests a magnetic anisotropy contribution, generating an easy‐axis parallel to the short axis. The competing effect of the strain and shape anisotropies stabilizes a periodic domain pattern in linear as well as spiral nanomagnets, providing a versatile and geometrically controllable path to engineering the strain and thereby the magnetic anisotropy at the nanoscale.
New Barium Vanadate BaxV2O5 (x ≈ 0.16) for Fast Lithium Intercalation: Lower Symmetry for Higher Flexibility and Electrochemical Durability
Authors: Zhang Jiliang , Li Hangkong , Liao Chang‐Zhong , Lau Vincent Wing‐hei , Wong Kam Wa , Chang Chung‐Kai , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Shih Kaimin , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNa0.33V2O5‐type metal vanadates generally show better cycling stability than α‐V2O5 as a cathode in Li‐ion batteries, because they contain enough crystallographic voids that allow for lithium intercalation without significant structural deformation, but metal leaching upon cycling deteriorates their capacity retention. Here a new barium vanadate Ba0.16(1)V2O5 is reported that does not undergo Ba leaching during cycling and shows a great promise for fast Li intercalation. Sr0.15(1)V2O5 is isostructural to Na0.33V2O5 (space group C2/m), while Ba0.16(1)V2O5 adopts a new structure (space group P21/c), a derivative of Na0.33V2O5. The framework of Ba0.16(1)V2O5 consists of edge‐shared VO6 octahedral layers and the VO5 pyramidal bridge, generating unidirectional tunnels. Unlike the in‐plane arrangement of atoms in Sr0.15(1)V2O5, the nonplanar arrangement in Ba0.16(1)V2O5 makes the host framework more flexible and creates larger voids for Ba. Compared with the combination of displacement and intercalation mechanisms in the Sr0.15(1)V2O5 cathode, Li intercalation looks dominant in the Ba0.16(1)V2O5 cathode due to its increased flexibility. Hence, Ba0.16(1)V2O5 exhibits improved cycling stability compared to Sr0.15(1)V2O5, suggesting that lower symmetry leads to higher cyclic stability in the V2O5‐related compounds. This study illustrates how guest cations can tune the structural symmetry to modulate the reaction mechanism of electrode materials toward superior performances.
Single‐Atom Ru Doping Induced Phase Transition of MoS2 and S Vacancy for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Junmeng , Xu Xiaopei , Yang Liu , Cheng Daojian , Cao Dapeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is still a grand challenge due to the lack of economical and efficient Pt‐free catalysts. Herein, a single‐atom Ru supported on MoS2 (SA‐Ru‐MoS2) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is reported. Results indicate that single‐atom Ru doping induces phase transition of MoS2 and generation of S vacancies, which significantly improve the performance of inert 2D MoS2 for HER. In particular, the SA‐Ru‐MoS2 electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 76 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media, which is superior to most electrocatalysts previously reported in the literature. Combining experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is further revealed that the origin of high HER activity is mainly attributed to the synergy effects of single‐atom Ru doping and S vacancies and phase transition of local structure of MoS2, which efficiently tailors the electronic structure of SA‐Ru‐MoS2 and extremely reduces the energy barrier of the Volmer step and the adsorption/desorption of H* intermediate step. In short, this work provides a single‐atom doping strategy to transfer the inert MoS2 into the highly efficient electrocatalysts.
Cyclic shear resistance for seismic design, based on monotonic shear models in fib Model Code 2010 and in the 2018 draft of Eurocode 2
Authors: Biskinis Dionysis , Fardis Michael N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShear resistance decays during cycling of inelastic deformations, causing flexural plastic hinges to fail in cyclic shear before reaching their ultimate flexural deformation. The monotonic shear model in MC2010 does not work for shear failure after flexural yielding. Accurate, unbiased, lack‐of‐fit‐free prediction of cyclic shear resistance, before or after flexural yielding, is possible, if: (a) inelasticity is considered in the calculation of longitudinal strains at section mid‐depth, through the “equal displacement rule” of Earthquake Engineering; (b) axial forces are taken to contribute to shear resistance with the transverse component of the diagonal strut between member ends; (c) the Eurocode 2 shear model for loads near supports is used for squat members; and (d) minor changes are made to the minimum compression field angle and the concrete strength reduction along it in MC2010, Levels II or III of approximation.
Coupled‐two‐beam discrete model for dynamic analysis of tall buildings with tuned mass dampers including soil–structure interaction
Authors: Huergo Iván F. , Hernández Hugo 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAn equivalent coupled‐two‐beam discrete model is developed for time‐domain dynamic analysis of high‐rise buildings with flexible base and carrying any number of tuned mass dampers (TMDs). The equivalent model consists of a flexural cantilever beam and a shear cantilever beam connected in parallel by a finite number of axially rigid members that allows the consideration of intermediate modes of lateral deformation. The equivalent model is applied to a shear wall–frame building located in the Valley of Mexico, where the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) are important. The effects of SSI and TMDs on the dynamic properties of the shear wall–frame building are shown considering four types of soil (hard rock, dense soil, stiff soil, and soft soil) and two passive damping systems: a single TMD on its top (1‐TMD) and five uniformly distributed TMDs (5‐TMD). The results showed a great effectiveness of the TMDs to reduce the lateral seismic response and along‐wind response of the shear wall–frame building for all types of soils. Generally speaking, the dynamic response increases as the flexibility of the foundation increases.
Analysis of 270 fetuses with non‐visualization of cavum septi pellucidi and vergae on in‐utero magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Griffiths P. D. , Jarvis D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze a large retrospective cohort of fetuses in which the cavum septi pellucidi and vergae (CSPV) was not present or was not in its expected position on in‐utero magnetic resonance imaging (iuMRI), in order to describe the possible causes of that finding and provide a diagnostic approach to assess such cases in clinical practice using iuMRI.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of fetuses that underwent iuMRI at a single institution, over an 18‐year period (2000–2017 inclusive), in which the CSPV was not visualized or was abnormal. All iuMRI studies were reviewed and classified as CSPV being not present, disrupted (visualization of remnants of an otherwise normally placed CSPV) or malpositioned (CSPV was present, but not in its expected position). We describe the neuropathology present in each of the groups.ResultsOf the 270 fetuses that met the inclusion criteria, the CSPV was described as malpositioned in 150 (56%), disrupted in 71 (26%) and not present in 49 (18%). Malpositioned CSPV was present only in cases with agenesis of the corpus callosum and three specific patterns of malpositioning are described, depending on the location of the leaflets of the CSPV and fornix. Disrupted CSPV was present in fetuses with hydrocephalus or pathologies causing extensive brain parenchymal injury. Not present CSPV was found in cases with holoprosencephaly or when absence of the CSPV appeared to be an isolated finding.ConclusionWe have described a large cohort of fetuses with non‐visualization of a normal CSPV on iuMRI and present a categorical classification system based on the CSPV being not present, disrupted or malpositioned. This approach should help in the diagnosis of the underlying cause of a CSPV abnormality. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and estimation of its economic impact in selected districts in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Belege , Tesfahun Amanuel , Molla Wassie , Demisse Eyasu , Jemberu Wudu T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFoot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven‐hoofed animals, is endemic in Ethiopia. Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and follow‐up studies were undertaken to identify the causative serotype, determine the morbidity and mortality, and estimate the economic impact of the outbreaks in selected districts of Northwest Ethiopia. The serotype of FMD virus involved in the outbreaks was identified by antigen detection ELISA from clinical samples. Morbidity, mortality and economic impact of the outbreaks were assessed based on data collected from 738 smallholder farmers in a mixed crop‐livestock (MCL) production system and from five dairy farms in the commercial dairy production system. The outbreaks were confirmed to be due to FMD virus serotype O. The animal level morbidity in clinically affected cattle herds was 68.1% for MCL production system and 54.5% for commercial dairy farms. The mortality in cattle in the MCL system was 0.4% and no mortality was recorded in the commercial dairy farms. The animal level morbidity in sheep and goats in the infected flocks was 35.7% but no mortality was seen in these species. The herd/flock level morbidity of FMD in outbreak affected kebeles of MCL system was 57.2% for cattle and 8% for sheep and goats. The economic losses due to milk loss, draught power loss, mortality and treatment cost were on average USD 34 (interquartile range: 9.4–44.4) per affected herd in the MCL system and this was statistically significantly lower than the USD 459.1 (interquartile range: 400.0–486.2) per affected farm in the commercial dairy farms (p < .05). These economic losses have significant impact in the livelihood and income of affected farmers in both production systems. Future work should focus on the implementation of control measures that mitigate the economic impact of the disease.
Contrasting molecular diversity and demography patterns in two intertidal amphipod crustaceans reflect Atlantification of High Arctic
Authors: Grabowski Michał , Jabłońska Aleksandra , Weydmann-Zwolicka Agata , Gantsevich Mikhail , Strelkov Petr , Skazina Maria , Węsławski Jan Marcin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe distribution of two common intertidal amphipod speciesGammarus oceanicusandGammarus setosuswas studied along the coast of Svalbard Archipelago. Genetic analysis showed geographical homogeneity ofG. oceanicuswith only one molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) and much higher diversification ofG. setosus(5 MOTUs) in the studied area. Only two MOTUs ofG. setosusare widespread along the whole studied Svalbard coastline, whereas the remaining three MOTUs are present mainly along the northern and eastern parts of archipelago’s largest island, Spitsbergen. Distribution analysis indicates that the demographic and spatial expansion ofG. oceanicusin the northern Atlantic has started already during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 18 ka), whileG. setosusseems to be a long-persistent inhabitant of the Arctic, possibly even through the LGM, with slower distribution dynamics. Combining the results of our molecular study with previous field observations and the knowledge upon the direction of ocean currents around the Svalbard Archipelago, it can be assumed thatG. oceanicusis a typical boreal Atlantic species that is still continuing its postglacial expansion northwards. In recent decades it colonized High Arctic due to the climate warming and has partly displacedG. setosus, that used to be the only common gammarid of the Svalbard intertidal zone.