bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The substituent effect of π-electron delocalization in N-methylamino-nitropyridine derivatives: crystal structure and DFT calculations
Authors: Sołtysiak Paulina , Dziuk Błażej , Zarychta Bartosz , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Spaleniak Grzegorz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structures of 3-(N-methylamino)-2-nitropyridine, 5-(N-methylamino)-2-nitropyridine and 2-(N-methylamino)-5-nitropyridine have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. To perform conformational analysis, the geometries of the compounds as well as their conformers and rotamers were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. The resulting data were used to analyze the π-electron delocalization effect in relation to the methylamino group rotation inortho-,meta-andpara-substitution positions. Quantitative aromaticity indices were calculated based on which we estimated the electronic structures of the analyzed compounds. The substituent effect of the methylamino and nitro groups was also characterized by related descriptors, i.e., charge of the Substituent Active Region (cSAR(X)) calculated based on the Hirshfeld charges and Substituent Effect Stabilization Energy (SESE). It has been shown that all the used parameters were found to be mutually interrelated with much better correlations for themeta-andpara-than theortho-derivatives. The rotation of the methylamino group relative to the aromatic fragment has an effect on the change in delocalization of the π-electrons of the pyridine ring. Relations between cSAR(NHCH3) and cSAR(NO2) show almost identical sensitivity of the substituent effect inmeta- andpara-substituted derivatives, whereas inortho-substituted analogs, different kinds of intramolecular interactions have been revealed. Furthermore, the analyzed dependency of SESE values on the torsional angle of the methylamino group indicates that an increase in the electron-attracting power of the substituent leads to a decrease in energy.
A deep-learning model for urban traffic flow prediction with traffic events mined from twitter
Authors: Essien Aniekan , Petrounias Ilias , Sampaio Pedro , Sampaio Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractShort-term traffic parameter forecasting is critical to modern urban traffic management and control systems. Predictive accuracy in data-driven traffic models is reduced when exposed to non-recurring or non-routine traffic events, such as accidents, road closures, and extreme weather conditions. The analytical mining of data from social networks – specifically twitter – can improve urban traffic parameter prediction by complementing traffic data with data representing events capable of disrupting regular traffic patterns reported in social media posts. This paper proposes a deep learning urban traffic prediction model that combines information extracted from tweet messages with traffic and weather information. The predictive model adopts a deep Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) stacked autoencoder (SAE) architecture for multi-step traffic flow prediction trained using tweets, traffic and weather datasets. The model is evaluated on an urban road network in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. The findings from extensive empirical analysis using real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in improving prediction accuracy when compared to other classical/statistical and machine learning (ML) state-of-the-art models. The improvement in predictive accuracy can lead to reduced frustration for road users, cost savings for businesses, and less harm to the environment.
Changes of Technosol properties and vegetation structure along a chronosequence of dredged sediment deposition in areas with alluvial gold mining in Colombia
Authors: Betancur-Corredor Bibiana , Loaiza-Usuga Juan Carlos , Denich Manfred , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Alluvial gold mining leaves a vast amount of dredged sediment that covers the natural soil, destroys riparian ecosystems, and impacts riverbeds and valleys. In Colombia, more than 80,000 ha are covered by dredged sediment. Technosols developed from such deposits undergo strong transformations during the early stages of formation due to the diverse nature of the constituents. The aims of this study are (i) to investigate changes in soil morphological and physicochemical properties at early stages of pedogenesis, (ii) to estimate the variability of size structure distribution of the new plant cover as affected by the time period since establishment and deposit type, and (iii) to determine which soil parameters correlate best with the size structure distribution of vegetation.

Materials and methods
Soil characterization through morphological and physicochemical analysis was conducted on Technosols developed from gravel and sandy deposits of different ages (0–12 years). A vegetation survey was conducted to measure tree dimensions and identify the most common species. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests to avoid the loss of information due to data smoothing.

Results and discussion
The studied Technosols are subject to processes similar to those occurring in natural parent materials such as mineral transformations, changes in redox conditions, organic matter accumulation in the topsoil, and a rapid differentiation of horizons. However, the Technosols in our study sites show an unusually fast development not often observed in natural soils, with drastic changes observed at very early stages of formation. Gravel deposits offer more favorable conditions for plant growth, and marked changes in pedogenic processes can be observed compared with sandy deposits, which are reflected in changes of chemical properties.

Conclusions
Factors such as the technology used for mining and the continuous deposition of dredged sediments in a cumulative way during the exploitation period, as well as the disturbances after deposition, result in a high diversity of constituents and high heterogeneity of dredged sediment deposits. Gravel and sand deposits, originated from the same sections of the river and after similar separation processes for ore extraction, undergo divergent pedogenic processes at different rates, which could be explained by a remarkable effect of particle size distribution. For vegetation establishment, the selection of tree species should be based on their capacity for nutrient pumping through deep rooting to sequester carbon and to adapt morphologically to heterogeneity in nutrient availability by growing roots in nutrient-rich zones.
Ineffability: the Very Concept
Authors: Gäb Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I analyze the concept of ineffability: what does it mean to say that something cannot be said? I begin by distinguishing ineffability from paradox: if something cannot be said truly or without contradiction, this is not an instance of ineffability. Next, I distinguish two different meanings of ‘saying something’ which result from a fundamental ambiguity in the term ‘language’, viz. language as a system of symbols and language as a medium of communication. Accordingly, ‘ineffability’ is ambiguous, too, and we should make a distinction between weak and strong ineffability. Weak ineffability is rooted in the deficiencies of a particular language while strong ineffability stems from the structure of a particular cognitive system and its capacities for conceptual mental representation. Mental contents are only sayable if we are able to conceptualize them and then create signs to represent them in communication.
No arbitrage in continuous financial markets
Authors: Criens David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe derive integral tests for the existence and absence of arbitrage in a financial market with one risky asset which is either modeled as stochastic exponential of an Itô process or a positive diffusion with Markov switching. In particular, we derive conditions for the existence of the minimal martingale measure. We also show that for Markov switching models the minimal martingale measure preserves the independence of the noise and we study how the minimal martingale measure can be modified to change the structure of the switching mechanism. Our main mathematical tools are new criteria for the martingale and strict local martingale property of certain stochastic exponentials.
Megalin: a Novel Determinant of Renin-Angiotensin System Activity in the Kidney?
Authors: Sun Yuan , Lu Xifeng , Danser A. H. Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Megalin is well known for its role in the reabsorption of proteins from the ultrafiltrate. Recent studies suggest that megalin also reabsorbs renin and angiotensinogen. Indeed, without megalin urinary renin and angiotensinogen levels massively increase, and even prorenin becomes detectable in urine.

Recent Findings
Intriguingly, megalin might also contribute to renal angiotensin production, as evidenced from studies in megalin knockout mice. This review discusses these topics critically, concluding that urinary renin-angiotensin system components reflect diminished reabsorption rather than release from renal tissue sites and that alterations in renal renin levels or megalin-dependent signaling need to be ruled out before concluding that angiotensin production at renal tissue sites is truly megalin dependent.

Summary
Future studies should evaluate megalin-mediated renin/angiotensinogen transcytosis (allowing interstitial angiotensin generation), and determine whether megalin prefers prorenin over renin, thus explaining why urine normally contains no prorenin.
The Influence of Taurine Supplementation on Serum and Tissular Fe, Zn and Cu Levels in Normal and Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Król Ewelina , Okulicz Monika , Kupsz Justyna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTaurine (Tau) is a β-sulphonated amino acid postulated to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by oxidative stress, which may disturb the mineral balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tau supplementation on the levels of trace elements in rats fed either a standard (AIN-93M, 4% fat) diet or a modified high-fat diet (30% fat). For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed these diets supplemented with 3% Tau. Taurine supplementation normalized increased serum insulin concentration and insulin resistance index; however, it did not improve serum CRP concentration in high-fat diet fed rats. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the renal and splenic Zn levels, but the tissular Fe content did not change. The effect of Tau supplementation on the mineral balance to some extent depended on the fat content in the rats’ diet. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the rats’ splenic Zn levels but increased their femur levels. In the group fed the standard diet, Tau reduced the rats’ femur Zn level, whereas their splenic Zn level was comparable. Tau supplementation decreased the renal Cu level and serum ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats fed the standard diet, but this effect was not observed in the rats fed the high-fat diet. In conclusion, supplementary taurine failed to ameliorate disturbances in mineral homeostasis caused by high-fat diet feeding and led to tissular redistribution of Zn and Cu in the rat.
Atrophy patterns of hippocampal subfields in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Li MengChun , Huang LiLi , Yang Dan , Luo CaiMei , Qin RuoMeng , Zhang Bing , Zhao Hui , Xu Yun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the volume changes of hippocampus subfields in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment and to determine how these atrophy patterns associate with impairments in different cognitive domain.

Methods
A total of 117 individuals were recruited, including T2DM patients with cognitive impairment (T2DM-CI) (n = 34), T2DM patients without cognitive impairment (T2DM-non-CI) (n = 36) and normal controls (NC) (n = 47). All subjects went through a 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scan and a neuropsychological assessment. Hippocampal subfield volumes were processed using the FreeSurfer 6.0.0 and compared among the three groups. Partial correlation analyses were used to estimate the relationship between cognitive function and hippocampal subfield volume, with age, sex, education, and eTIV (estimated total intracranial volume) as covariants.

Results
The total hippocampal volume had a reduction trend among the three groups, and the significantly statistical difference only was found between T2DM-CI group and NC group. Regarding the hippocampal subfields, the volumes of left subiculum, left presubiculum, left fimbria, right CA1 and right molecular layer HP decreased significantly in the T2DM-CI group (P < 0.05/12). Partial correlation analyses showed that the volumes of the left subiculum, left fimbria, and left presubiculum were significantly related to executive function. The right hippocampal CA1 volume was significantly correlated with memory in the T2DM-CI group (P < 0.05). But in T2DM-non-CI group, the correlation between the left fimbria volume and the memory, the left subiculum volume and MoCA were different with the T2DM-CI group and NC group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The smaller the volume of left presubiculum, the worse the executive function, and the atrophy of the right CA1 was related to memory impairment in T2DM-CI group. However the result was the opposite in T2DM-non-CI group. There might be a compensation mechanism of hippocampus of T2DM patients before cognitive impairment.
Rapid development of an iatrogenic aortic dissection following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Geile Julian , Doberentz Elke , Madea Burkhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) represents a catheter-based and minimally invasive replacement of the aortic valve. TAVI is considered to be a relatively safe procedure and has evolved to a standard procedure in inoperable and high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. We present a case of an octogenarian who died in hospital less than a day after an initially satisfactory TAVI. Cardiologists suspected a combination of cardiogenic and hemorrhagic shock as the cause of death. Autopsy showed rupture of an extensive aortic dissection, which had developed within 24 h after the procedure. The cause of death was eventually defined as internal bleeding due to a rapid two-stage vascular process. The manner of death was considered accidental because an iatrogenic vessel injury beyond the aortic arch was causative for the death. This unusual case highlights the potential for rare, but fatal, complications within the scope of cardiac catheterizations, such as TAVI. Additionally, our findings suggest that these complications need to be recognized in the diagnostic process and management of post-interventional complications.
Extracellular vesicle isolation from human renal cancer tissue
Authors: Zieren Richard C. , Dong Liang , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Pienta Kenneth J. , de Reijke Theo M. , Amend Sarah R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is a lethal disease that is often discovered incidentally. New non-invasive biomarkers are needed to aid diagnosis and treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles secreted by all cells, are a promising potential source for cancer biomarkers, but new methods are required that are both sensitive and specific for cancer identification. We have developed an EV isolation protocol optimized for kidney tumor and normal kidney tissue that yields a high vesicle concentration, confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NanoSight) and by nanoscale flow cytometry (NanoFCM). Using Western blot, we confirmed presence of EV markers CD81, CD63, flotillin-1, and absence of cellular debris, calnexin. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate intact membranous EVs. This new method improves existing protocols with additional steps to reduce contaminants in the EV product. Characterization of our isolation product confirms successful isolation of EVs with minimal contamination. The particle yields of our protocol are consistent and high as assessed by both standard and novel methods. This optimized protocol will contribute to biomarker discovery and biological studies of EVs in renal cancer.
Lysosomal Hydrolase Cathepsin D Non-proteolytically Modulates Dendritic Morphology in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cheng Daxiao , Wu Cunjin , Wang Xingyue , Ke Qiang , Lou Huifang , Zhu Liya , Wang Xiao-Dong , Duan Shumin , Liu Yi-Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main lysosomal protease cathepsin D (cathD) is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasisviaits degradative function, and its loss leads to ceroid accumulation in the mammalian nervous system, which results in progressive neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence implies non-proteolytic roles of cathD in regulating various biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration. Along these lines, we here showed that cathD is required for modulating dendritic architecture in the nervous system independent of its traditional degradative function. UponcathDdepletion, class I and class III arborization (da) neurons inDrosophilalarvae exhibited aberrant dendritic morphology, including over-branching, aberrant turning, and elongation defects. Re-introduction of wild-type cathD or its proteolytically-inactive mutant dramatically abolished these morphological defects. Moreover, cathD knockdown also led to dendritic defects in the adult mushroom bodies, suggesting that cathD-mediated processes are required in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role of cathD in shaping dendritic architecture independent of its proteolytic function.
AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance
Authors: Adam Martin , Wessel Michael , Benlian Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommunicating with customers through live chat interfaces has become an increasingly popular means to provide real-time customer service in many e-commerce settings. Today, human chat service agents are frequently replaced by conversational software agents or chatbots, which are systems designed to communicate with human users by means of natural language often based on artificial intelligence (AI). Though cost- and time-saving opportunities triggered a widespread implementation of AI-based chatbots, they still frequently fail to meet customer expectations, potentially resulting in users being less inclined to comply with requests made by the chatbot. Drawing on social response and commitment-consistency theory, we empirically examine through a randomized online experiment how verbal anthropomorphic design cues and the foot-in-the-door technique affect user request compliance. Our results demonstrate that both anthropomorphism as well as the need to stay consistent significantly increase the likelihood that users comply with a chatbot’s request for service feedback. Moreover, the results show that social presence mediates the effect of anthropomorphic design cues on user compliance.
Watershed prioritization for soil and water conservation aspect using GIS and remote sensing: PCA-based approach at northern elevated tract Bangladesh
Authors: Arefin Riad , Mohir Md. Mohirul Islam , Alam Jahangir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current study has been derived to understand morphometric parameters to pledge the reduction in the proclaimed drought influence for climate change. Watershed prioritization has been studied using the geographical information system and remote sensing techniques for soil erosion and water preservation measure at Plio–Pleistocene elevated tract in Bangladesh. Secondary data, i.e., SRTM DEM and the topographical sheets, have been used for the drainage network identification. Seventeen watersheds of fifth order and three watersheds of sixth order are selected for the whole study. Sixteen basic morphometric parameters that are categorized as areal, linear and relief aspects have been used for the study area. The study area comprises sixth stream order that has been obtained using a stream threshold value of 100-m length. Morphometric analysis is suitable for water and soil conservation practice where groundwater and relevant data sets are not available. For the categorization and correlation of the morphometric parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) has been used in the present study. PCA analysis is more suitable, well-known and widely used method for its simplicity to choose more influencing parameters (correlated parameters) that are responsible for watershed prioritization. Strongly correlated components (Dd, Rc, Re and Rb) are used for the compound parameter (Cp) and final priority (Rp) calculation. Low Cp value is suitable for water and soil conservation measure. Therefore, the corresponding low Cp has been taken as one for final priority ranking (Rp) purpose, then second lowest value as two, and so on.
A simplified method for experimentally quantifying crude oil swelling during immiscible carbon dioxide injection
Authors: Fakher Sherif , Imqam Abdulmohsin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmiscible carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is one of the highly applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods due to its high oil recovery potential and its ability to store CO2 in the reservoir. The main mechanism of immiscible CO2 injection is oil swelling. Generally, oil swelling is measured experimentally or measured using modeling methods. This research conducts oil swelling experiments using a simplified method in order to easily and accurately measure oil swelling and determines some of the most significant factors that may impact oil swelling during CO2 injection. The impact of varying CO2 injection pressure, temperature, oil viscosity and oil volume on oil swelling capacity was investigated. The simplified method managed to accurately determine the value of oil swelling for all the experiments. One of the factors that was found to impact the method significantly was the oil volume used. The oil volume in the experimental vessel was found to be extremely important since a large oil volume may result in a false oil swelling value. The oil swelling results were compared to other researches and showed that the method applied had an accuracy of over 90% for all the results obtained. This research introduces a simple method that can be used to measure oil swelling and applies this method to investigate some of the factors that may impact the oil swelling capacity during immiscible CO2 injection.