bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configurable Resistive Response in BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Memristors via Electron Beam Radiation
Authors: Molinari Alan , Witte Ralf , Neelisetty Krishna Kanth , Gorji Saleh , Kübel Christian , Münch Ingo , Wöhler Franziska , Hahn Lothar , Hengsbach Stefan , Bade Klaus , Hahn Horst , Kruk Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerroelectric oxide memristors are currently in the highlights of a thriving area of research aiming at the development of nonvolatile, adaptive memories for applications in neuromorphic computing. However, to date a precise control of synapse‐like functionalities by adjusting the interplay between ferroelectric polarization and resistive switching processes is still an ongoing challenge. Here, it is shown that by means of controlled electron beam radiation, a prototypical ferroelectric film of BaTiO3 can be turned into a memristor with multiple configurable resistance states. Ex situ and in situ analyses of current/voltage characteristics upon electron beam exposure confirm the quasi‐continuous variation of BaTiO3 resistance up to two orders of magnitude under the typical experimental conditions employed in electron beam patterning and characterization techniques. These results demonstrate an unprecedented effective route to locally and scalably engineering multilevel ferroelectric memristors via application of moderate electron beam radiation.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Nanofiber/Nanoparticle Artificial Skin for Strain‐Insensitive UV Shielding and Visualized UV Detection
Authors: Liang Fei , Fan You Jun , Kuang Shuang Yang , Wang Hai Lu , Wang Ying , Xu Peng , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhu Guang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, a strain‐insensitive, durable, and visualized ultraviolet (UV) detectible multilayered artificial UV shielding skin (MUVS‐skin) is demonstrated. The electrospinning of polyurethane nanofibers and electrospraying of TiO2 nanoparticles are alternatingly conducted to assemble the MUVS‐skin. The results show that the stability of UV shielding property under different strains (50%, 100%, 150%, and 200%) is enhanced as more layers are assembled. The ultraviolet protection factor of the strain‐free MUVS‐skin (119 µm) is 10 810 and reaches to 5685 at 200% strain. Moreover, the effective transmittance (at 365 nm) of MUVS‐skin (119 µm) after being stretched for 10 000 cycles at 200% strain is only 0.125%. This stable UV shielding property is ascribed to the low‐level variation in the porosity of the multilayered structure, which originates from the enhanced slippage between adjacent layers. Furthermore, ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) can be precisely detected as the luminescence of blue and red for the MUVS‐skin integrates with a phosphor layer (MUVS‐skin/P). Owing to the excellent stable UV shielding property, visualized UV detection and durability against cyclic deformation, this MUVS‐skin/P might be extensively applied to the smart wearable artificial skin and protective clothing.
Accelerating Atomic Catalyst Discovery by Theoretical Calculations‐Machine Learning Strategy
Authors: Sun Mingzi , Dougherty Alan William , Huang Bolong , Li Yuliang , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAtomic catalysts (AC) are emerging as a highly attractive research topic, especially in sustainable energy fields. Lack of a full picture of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) impedes the future development of potential electrocatalysts. In this work, the systematic investigation of the HER process in graphdyine (GDY) based AC is presented in terms of the adsorption energies, adsorption trend, electronic structures, reaction pathway, and active sites. This comprehensive work innovatively reveals GDY based AC for HER covering all the transition metals (TM) and lanthanide (Ln) metals, enabling the screening of potential catalysts. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations carefully explore the HER performance beyond the comparison of sole H adsorption. Therefore, the screened catalysts candidates not only match with experimental results but also provide significant references for novel catalysts. Moreover, the machine learning (ML) technique bag‐tree approach is innovatively utilized based on the fuzzy model for data separation and converse prediction of the HER performance, which indicates a similar result to the theoretical calculations. From two independent theoretical perspectives (DFT and ML), this work proposes pivotal guidelines for experimental catalyst design and synthesis. The proposed advanced research strategy shows great potential as a general approach in other energy‐related areas.
The Role of Interlayer Chemistry in Li‐Metal Growth through a Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Kim Sewon , Jung Changhoon , Kim Hyunseok , Thomas‐Alyea Karen E. , Yoon Gabin , Kim Byunghoon , Badding Michael E. , Song Zhen , Chang JaeMyung , Kim Jusik , Im Dongmin , Kang Kisuk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSecuring the chemical and physical stabilities of electrode/solid‐electrolyte interfaces is crucial for the use of solid electrolytes in all‐solid‐state batteries. Directly probing these interfaces during electrochemical reactions would significantly enrich the mechanistic understanding and inspire potential solutions for their regulation. Herein, the electrochemistry of the lithium/Li7La3Zr2O12‐electrolyte interface is elucidated by probing lithium deposition through the electrolyte in an anode‐free solid‐state battery in real time. Lithium plating is strongly affected by the geometry of the garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) surface, where nonuniform/filamentary growth is triggered particularly at morphological defects. More importantly, lithium‐growth behavior significantly changes when the LLZO surface is modified with an artificial interlayer to produce regulated lithium depositions. It is shown that lithium‐growth kinetics critically depend on the nature of the interlayer species, leading to distinct lithium‐deposition morphologies. Subsequently, the dynamic role of the interlayer in battery operation is discussed as a buffer and seed layer for lithium redistribution and precipitation, respectively, in tailoring lithium deposition. These findings broaden the understanding of the electrochemical lithium‐plating process at the solid‐electrolyte/lithium interface, highlight the importance of exploring various interlayers as a new avenue for regulating the lithium‐metal anode, and also offer insight into the nature of lithium growth in anode‐free solid‐state batteries.
Bevacizumab‐associated intestinal perforation and perioperative complications in patients receiving bevacizumab
Authors: Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Kozo , Higashijima Jun , Miyatani Tomohiko , Tokunaga Takuya , Nishi Masaaki , Takasu Chie , Kashihara Hideya , Takehara Yukako , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe purposes of this study are to present cases of emergency surgery in which gastrointestinal perforation occurred during bevacizumab administration, consider the indications for emergency surgery, and examine the safety of scheduled surgery after a washout period for bevacizumab.Methods(a) We retrospectively investigated seven patients who underwent emergency surgery for bevacizumab‐associated intestinal perforation. (b) We investigated 104 patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy who underwent surgery from 2008 to 2018, retrospectively.Results(a) In the seven patients undergoing emergency surgery for gastrointestinal perforation, the median bevacizumab administration and washout periods were 16 weeks and 24 days, respectively. A stoma was created in all patients except in those who were not candidates. Two patients developed postoperative abdominal abscesses, and two patients died from perioperative sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively; both of these patients had poor performance status. (b) In patients receiving bevacizumab (n = 45) and patients treated with bevacizumab‐free regimens as neoadjuvant therapy (n = 59), 31 and 52 patients received chemoradiotherapy, respectively. We found no correlation with postoperative complications with or without bevacizumab.ConclusionThe surgical indications should be considered carefully in patients with gastrointestinal perforation secondary to bevacizumab administration. Meanwhile, after appropriate cessation time, scheduled surgery following bevacizumab administration is feasible.
Selective Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Primary Amines to Imines by Core–Shell Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Li Wu , Junge Kathrin , Fei Zhaofu , Beller Matthias , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCore–shell nanocatalysts are attractive due to their versatility and stability. Here, we describe cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated within graphitic shells prepared via the pyrolysis of a cationic poly‐ionic liquid (PIL) with a cobalt(II) chloride anion. The resulting material has a core–shell structure that displays excellent activity and selectivity in the self‐dehydrogenation and hetero‐dehydrogenation of primary amines to their corresponding imines. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits excellent activity in the synthesis of secondary imines from substrates with various reducible functional groups (C=C, C≡C and C≡N) and amino acid derivatives.
Aggregationsinduzierte Emission: Einblicke auf Aggregatebene
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Zhang Haoke , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAggregationsinduzierte Emissionen (AIEs) sind ein photophysikalisches Phänomen, bei dem Molekülaggregate stärkere Emissionen zeigen als die entsprechenden Einzelmoleküle. Im Laufe von nahezu 20 Jahren hat die Forschung zu AIEs große Erfolge in der Materialentwicklung, bei mechanistischen Arbeiten und bei Hochtechnologie‐Anwendungen erlebt. Diese Erfolge haben auch bewiesen, dass für molekulare Aggregate viele Eigenschaften und Funktionen beobachtet werden, die den entsprechenden molekularen Spezies fehlen. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der AIE und angrenzender Gebiete zusammen. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf die Eigenschaften neuer Materialien, die durch Aggregation jenseits der mikroskopischen molekularen Ebene entstehen. Wir hoffen, dass dieser Aufsatz weitere Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet molekularer Ensembles auf der Mesoebene und darüber hinaus inspirieren und so signifikante Fortschritte in den Material‐ und Biowissenschaften ermöglichen wird.
A Glutathione Activatable Ion Channel Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Depleting Intracellular Glutathione Levels
Authors: Malla Javid Ahmad , Umesh Rintu M. , Yousf Saleem , Mane Shrunal , Sharma Shilpy , Lahiri Mayurika , Talukdar Pinaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer cells use elevated glutathione (GSH) levels as an inner line of defense to evade apoptosis and develop drug resistance. In this study, we describe a novel 2,4‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNS) protected 2‐hydroxyisophthalamide system that exploits GSH for its activation into free 2‐hydroxyisophthalamide forming supramolecular M+/Cl− channels. Better permeation of the DNS protected compound into MCF‐7 cells compared to the free 2‐hydroxyisophthalamide and GSH‐activatable ion transport resulted in higher cytotoxicity, which was associated with increased oxidative stress that further reduced the intracellular GSH levels and altered mitochondrial membrane permeability leading to the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The GSH‐activatable transport‐mediated cell death was further validated in rat insulinoma cells (INS‐1E); wherein the intracellular GSH levels showed a direct correlation to the resulting cytotoxicity. Lastly, the active compound was found to restrict the growth and proliferation of 3D spheroids of MCF‐7 cells with efficiency similar to that of the anticancer drug doxorubicin.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: New Vistas at the Aggregate Level
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Zhang Haoke , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) describes a photophysical phenomenon in which molecular aggregates exhibit stronger emission than the single molecules. Over the course of the last 20 years, AIE research has made great strides in material development, mechanistic study and high‐tech applications. The achievements of AIE research demonstrate that molecular aggregates show many properties and functions that are absent in molecular species. In this review, we summarize the advances in the field of AIE and its related areas. We specifically focus on the new properties of materials attained by molecular aggregates beyond the microscopic molecular level. We hope this review will inspire more research into molecular ensembles at and beyond the meso level and lead to the significant progress in material and biological science.
Impact of maritime traffic and whale‐watching on apparent survival of bottlenose dolphins in the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Tenan Simone , Hernández Noelia , Fearnbach Holly , de Stephanis Renaud , Verborgh Philippe , Oro Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The Strait of Gibraltar is an important habitat for cetaceans due to its high marine productivity. However, it is also the second most navigated channel in the world, subjecting cetaceans to a high level of vessel traffic, including an established whale‐watching fleet. Both maritime traffic and whale‐watching activities have been shown to impact the behaviour of cetaceans, but little is known about their impact on the demography and dynamics of cetacean populations.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of both ferry traffic and whale‐watching vessels on the apparent survival probability of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population that occurs in the Strait.
A Bayesian hierarchical mark–recapture modelling approach was applied to 8 years of photo‐identification data (2002–2009). Apparent annual survival probability was negatively correlated with ferry traffic, which explained >70% of temporal variation in survival, in contrast to whale‐watching, the effect of which was almost negligible. Despite these results, other natural and human‐related factors are likely to drive apparent survival in the study area.
Abundance increased between 2002 and 2005, and then decreased between 2006 and 2009, while local per‐capita recruitment decreased from 2004 until the end of the study period. These shifts correlated temporally with the construction of a large harbour on the Moroccan coast, which increased maritime traffic significantly, including a 40% increase in ferry traffic that regularly transited the Strait.
These results highlight the need to better understand the impact of maritime traffic on the demography of the dolphin population in the Strait, in order to implement evidence‐based conservation regulations in a region of high cetacean occurrence.
Percutaneous intrarenal transplantation of differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells into newborn mice
Authors: Lau Ricky W. K. , Al‐Rubaie Ali , Saini Sheetal , Wise Andrea F. , Ricardo Sharon D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe in vivo engraftment of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived podocytes following allogeneic transplantation into host kidneys remains a challenge. Here we investigate the survival and engraftment of human dermal fibroblasts‐derived differentiated iPSCs using a newborn mouse model, which represents a receptive immunoprivileged host environment. iPSCs were generated from skin biopsies of patients using Sendai virus reprogramming. Differentiation of nephrin (NPHS1)‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) iPSCs into kidney podocytes (iPSC‐PODs) was performed by the addition of Activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), and retinoic acid over 10 days of culture. To assess the in vivo incorporation of cells, undifferentiated iPSCs or day 10 iPSC‐PODs, were labeled with either carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) or Qdot nanocrystals (Q705). Thereafter, 1 × 105 differentiated iPSC‐PODs were injected directly into the kidneys of mouse pups at postnatal day one (P1). Using co‐expression analysis of glomerular and podocyte‐specific markers, Day 10 differentiated iPSC‐PODs that were positive for podocin, were detected following direct kidney injection into newborn mice up to 1 week after transplantation. Undifferentiated iPSC‐PODs were not detected at the same timepoint. The transplanted cells were viable and located in the outer nephrogenic zone where they were found to colocalize with, or sit adjacent to, cells positive for glomerular‐specific markers including podocin, synaptopodin, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). This study provides proof‐of‐principle that transplanted iPSC–POD can survive in recipient newborn mouse kidneys due to the immature and immunoprivileged nature of the developing postnatal kidneys.
Does spatial awareness training affect anatomy learning in medical students?
Authors: Gonzales Rene A. , Ferns Gordon , Vorstenbosch Marc A. T. M. , Smith Claire F. 
Published: February 2020

Spatial ability (SA) is the cognitive capacity to understand and mentally manipulate concepts of objects, remembering relationships among their parts and those of their surroundings. Spatial ability provides a learning advantage in science and may be useful in anatomy and technical skills in health care. This study aimed to assess the relationship between SA and anatomy scores in first‐ and second‐year medical students. The training sessions focused on the analysis of the spatial component of objects' structure and their interaction as applied to medicine; SA was tested using the Visualization of Rotation (ROT) test. The intervention group (n = 29) received training and their pre‐ and post‐training scores for the SA tests were compared to a control group (n = 75). Both groups improved their mean scores in the follow‐up SA test (P < 0.010). There was no significant difference in SA scores between the groups for either SA test (P = 0.31, P = 0.90). The SA scores for female students were significantly lower than for male students, both at baseline and follow‐up (P < 0.010). Anatomy training and assessment were administered by the anatomy department of the medical school, and examination scores were not significantly different between the two groups post‐intervention (P = 0.33). However, participants with scores in the bottom quartile for SA performed worse in the anatomy questions (P < 0.001). Spatial awareness training did not improve SA or anatomy scores; however, SA may identify students who may benefit from additional academic support.
Rational Design and Engineering of Nanomaterials Derived from Prussian Blue and Its Analogs for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Xuan Cuijuan , Zhang Jian , Wang Jie , Wang Deli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting (EWS) is a sustainable and promising technology for producing hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier to address environmental and energy issues. Developing highly‐efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is critical for increasing the efficiency of water electrolysis. Recently, nanomaterials derived from Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBA) have received increasing attention in EWS applications owing to their unique composition and structure properties. In this Minireview, the latest progress of PB/PBA‐derived materials for EWS is presented. Firstly, the catalyst design principles and the advantages of preparing electrocatalysts with PB/PBA as precursors are briefly introduced. Then, strategies for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance (HER, OER or overall water splitting) were discussed in detail, and the recent development and applications of PB/PBA‐derived catalysts for EWS were summarized. Finally, major challenges and possible future trends related to PB/PBA‐derived functional materials are proposed.
Rare‐Earth‐Catalyzed C−H Silylation of Aromatic Heterocycles with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Xu Wenxuan , Teng Huailong , Luo Yong , Lou Shaojie , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe catalytic C−H silylation of a variety of aromatic heterocycles such as furan, pyrrole and thiophene derivatives with secondary hydrosilanes has been achieved by using an yttrium metallocene complex. This protocol provides an efficient and straightforward way for the synthesis of a series of silylated heteroaromatic compounds containing tertiary silane moieties without the need for an additive or H2 acceptor.
Bayesian regression with spatiotemporal varying coefficients
Authors: Nieto‐Barajas Luis E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo study the impact of climate variables on morbidity of some diseases in Mexico, we propose a spatiotemporal varying coefficients regression model. For that we introduce a new spatiotemporal‐dependent process prior, in a Bayesian context, with identically distributed normal marginal distributions and joint multivariate normal distribution. We study its properties and characterise the dependence induced. Our results show that the effect of climate variables, on the incidence of specific diseases, is not constant across space and time and our proposed model is able to capture and quantify those changes.
Light electric vehicle powertrain: Modeling, simulation, and experimentation for engineering students using PSIM
Authors: Vidal‐Bravo Salvador , De La Cruz‐Soto Javier , Arrieta Paternina Mario Roberto , Borunda Mónica , Zamora‐Mendez Alejandro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectric transport has been gaining more interest and importance in the last years. Moreover, the variety of transport systems driven by an electric motor has also been increased. Therefore, it is very important to provide engineering students with solid and comprehensible knowledge, as well as handly tools, for modeling an electric traction system. So far, this has been a difficult task for undergraduate students due to a variety of subjects involved, such as electric machines, power converters, control systems, and load estimations. This work is intended to provide a detailed and comprehensible description of the analysis, modeling, and implementation of a powertrain of a light utility vehicle using power electronics simulation (PSIM) commercial software in order that the student acquires the required knowledge for analyzing multiple configurations in the powertrain.
Promoted Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance of Ru/C by Introducing TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yajing , Zhu Quanxi , Xie Taiping , Peng Yuan , Liu Songli , Wang Jiankang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigher water dissociation (Volmer step) energy barrier leads to the sluggish alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate. Since hydrophilic TiO2 can reduce water dissociation barrier while the widely studied Ru has nearly zero hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy, the combination of TiO2 and Ru/C might collectively enhance Volmer and Heyrovsky/Tafel step and finally promote HER performance. Herein, Ru/C−TiO2 with average size of 3.6 nm for Ru was synthesized by a two‐step process. It presented superior alkaline HER activity with η10 of 44 mV, better than that of Ru/C (107 mV), Pt/C (84 mV) and C−TiO2 with negligible activity. The prominent HER performance was due to synergistic effect between TiO2 and Ru, which greatly expedited water dissociation for intermediate hydrogen production and the following electrochemical hydrogen desorption for producing H2. This work combines specific active sites for different elementary steps and then boosts alkaline HER performance, which provide a guide for designing efficient and stable HER electrocatalyst.