bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sebaceous gland: Milestones of 30‐year modelling research dedicated to the “brain of the skin”
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. , Yoshida Go J. , Wu Yaojiong , Xia Longqing , Schneider Marlon R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2018, Schneider and Zouboulis analysed the available tools for studying sebaceous gland pathophysiology in vitro. Since then, the interest in this field remains unbroken, as demonstrated by recent reviews on sebaceous gland physiology, endocrinology and neurobiology, the role of sebaceous glands beyond acne, and several original works on different areas of sebaceous gland function, including sebaceous lipogenesis. Landmark developments in the first part of the 30‐year modelling research dedicated to the sebaceous gland, which is considered by several scientists as the brain of the skin, were the short‐term culture of human sebaceous glands, the culture of human sebaceous gland cells and the development of immortalized sebaceous gland cell lines exhibiting characteristics of normal sebocytes. On the other hand, current developments represent the establishment of sebaceous gland spheroids, the 3D‐SeboSkin model of viable skin explants ex vivo, the combination of culture‐expanded epidermal stem cells of mice and adult humans to form de novo hair follicles and sebaceous glands, when they are transplanted into excisional wounds in mice, and 3D‐printed scaffolds coated with decellularized matrix of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells and SZ95 sebocytes. These novel tools may become useful platforms for better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms governing sebocyte biology and sebaceous gland homeostasis, such as the changes in sebum synthesis and composition, the infundibular differentiation and the influence of the innate immunity and the cutaneous microbiome and for identifying potential therapeutic targets of skin diseases affecting the sebaceous glands.
From mobility data to habits and common pathways
Authors: Andrade Thiago , Cancela Brais , Gama João 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany aspects of our lives are associated with places and the activities we perform on a daily basis. Most of them are recurrent and demand displacement of the individual between regular places like going to work, school or other important personal locations. To accomplish these recurrent daily activities, people tend to follow regular paths with similar temporal and spatial characteristics, especially because humans are frequently looking for uniformity to support their decisions and make their actions easier or even automatic. In this work, we propose a method for discovering common pathways across users' habits from human mobility data. By using a density‐based clustering algorithm, we identify the most preferable locations the users visit, we apply a Gaussian mixture model over these places to automatically separate among all traces, the trajectories that follow patterns in order to discover the representations of individual's habits. By using the longest common sub‐sequence algorithm, we search for the trajectories that are more similar over the set of users' habits trips by considering the distance that pairs of users or habits share on the same path. The proposed method is evaluated over two real‐world GPS datasets and the results show that the approach is able to detect the most important places in a user's life, detect the routine activities and identify common routes between users that have similar habits paving the way for research techniques in carpooling, recommendation and prediction systems.
Comparing biodiversity databases: Greater Caribbean reef fishes as a case study
Authors: Chollett Iliana , Robertson D. Ross 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a widespread need for reliable biodiversity databases for science and conservation. Among the many public databases available, we lack guidance as to how their data quality varies. Here, we compare species distribution data for a well known regional reef fish fauna extracted from five global online databases that supply “as is” data (GBIF, OBIS, IDigBio, FishNet2 and FishBase) and our own curated regional database (STRI, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) using quantitative criteria, and assess how they affect biogeographical analyses. We first describe the databases and quantify overlap between them. We then describe variation in the geographical distributions of species records and species richness and in the completeness of local species lists. Finally, we assess the consequences of using these different databases in biogeographical analyses by comparing patterns of species turnover (beta diversity) and bioregionalization. The databases vary considerably in size and show high overlap in species lists, but low overlap in georeferenced species records. Levels of completeness of local inventories are spatially heterogeneous and low in most databases. Spatial biases produced artefactual variation in patterns of species turnover and delineation of bioregions in all databases. Although not the largest, STRI database has the most complete geographic coverage of data, showed relatively low turnover and the clearest biogeographic regionality. Incorporating data from a wide range of other sources, curating data to reduce errors, and assessing effects of spatial biases in data is critical to obtaining an accurate picture of the geography of biodiversity and its change.
Lessons Learned From 11 Countries on Programs Promoting Intergenerational Solidarity
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , van Groenou Marjolein Broese , Orban Annamaria , Corrigan Trudy , Coimbra Susana , Kirtava Zviad , Holdsworth Clare , Comas‐d'Argemir Dolors , Aliprant Laura , Gadet Carole , Pavia George 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe goal of this project was to develop a systematic framework through which interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity in 11 countries could be assessed.BackgroundAlthough intergenerational solidarity—the exchange of material, social, and emotional support and care between family generations—benefits both the country's economic well‐being (macro‐level) and the individual's physical, mental, and social well‐being (micro‐level), decreasing intergenerational solidarity is evident in many industrialized countries. Interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity are increasingly being developed, but few are described in the literature. Moreover, no unifying framework describing them exists.MethodRepresentatives from 11 countries convened to identify interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity. After several meetings, a unifying framework was created. Representatives selected a convenience sample of programs and abstracted information based on the framework.ResultsThe outcome of social well‐being was virtually ubiquitous in most programs. Countries appeared to take a broad view of intergenerational solidarity, focusing on interactions among generations, rather than interactions within families.Discussion and ImplicationsThe framework enabled the systematic abstraction and assessment of programs. Most programs had no standard method of evaluating their outcomes. Longitudinal evaluations would be optimal if we want to identify the best practices in intergenerational solidarity programs.
Assessing Family Functioning: Psychometric Evaluation of the Family Star Plus
Authors: Good Anna , MacKeith Joy 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the Family Star Plus, an assessment of family functioning using a collaborative mode of completion between the caseworker and service user.BackgroundThe Family Star Plus is widely used to assess strengths and needs within services supporting families.MethodIn Phase 1, interrater reliability was assessed. Phase 2 established factor structure, internal consistency, item redundancy, and responsiveness. In Phase 3, the Family Star Plus was used to predict children's unauthorized school absence.ResultsWorkers reliably applied Family Star Plus scales. A unidimensional factor structure was found with good internal consistency and responsiveness. School absence was predicted by the Family Star Plus.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the validity of the Family Star Plus as a tool for assessing needs and measuring progress of family support interventions.ImplicationsThe Family Star Plus can be confidently used and recommended as an outcomes measurement tool.
Improved lignocellulose saccharification of a Miscanthus reddish stem mutant induced by heavy‐ion irradiation
Authors: Wang Congpeng , He Guo , Meng Jie , Wang Shumin , Kong Yingzhen , Jiang Jianxiong , Hu Ruibo , Zhou Gongke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMiscanthus is a promising lignocellulosic bioenergy crop for the production of cellulosic ethanol. The recalcitrance of lignocellulose hampers the efficient conversion of Miscanthus biomass to fermentable sugars. Therefore, screening of Miscanthus germplasms with enhanced lignocellulose saccharification efficiency is of important significance to the cellulosic ethanol production from Miscanthus biomass. In this study, we utilize heavy‐ion irradiation mutagenesis to establish a mutant library of Miscanthus lutarioriparius, and screened a reddish stem (rs) mutant with improved lignocellulose saccharification efficiency. The rs mutant was characterized by a noticeable reddish coloration in various lignified cell walls in phloem and vascular bundle sheath, whereas the biomass yield was not compromised. The reddish coloration was attributed to the reduced incorporation of several phenolic compounds including 3‐caffeoylquinic acid, dihydroflavonol and proanthocyanin A, which shared common precursors with lignin monolignol biosynthesis via the phenylpropanoid pathway. Correspondingly, the lignin content was decreased by 10.2% and the cellulose content was concomitantly increased by 9.5% in rs mutant compared with the control plant. Meanwhile, the saccharification efficiency was substantially improved by 22.4%–25.6% in rs mutant compared to the control, when the lignocellulosic biomass was pretreated with or without 1.5% H2SO4. The rs mutant identified here holds a potential utilization as an ideal candidate feedstock in cellulosic bioethanol production.
Reactive leukocytosis in older patients with acute colonic diverticulitis: A retrospective study utilizing logistic regression analysis
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Komatsu Fumiya , Kashima Naoyasu , Maeda Tadashi , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2020

AimAlthough various neutrophilic immunosenescence mechanisms have been shown, there are few clinical studies on age‐related differences in leukocytosis against acute bacterial infections, including acute colonic diverticulitis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 26 patients ≥65 years old and 211 patients 16–64 years old who were hospitalized for acute colonic diverticulitis at Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital between 2010 and 2016. We compared patients' characteristics, including sex, immunocompromised status, diverticulitis site, complications, severity, previous diverticulitis, vital signs, leukocyte counts, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and serum C‐reactive protein on admission. To adjust for confounding factors, we performed a logistic regression analysis.ResultsUnivariate comparisons showed that leukocyte count (older: 10 850 [interquartile range, 9400–12 000]/mm3 vs. younger: 12 600 [interquartile range, 10 500–15 000]/mm3, P = 0.004) and prevalence of leukocytosis (leukocytes >11 000/mm3) were lower in older compared with younger patients. There were significantly more female, left‐sided diverticulitis and immunocompromised patients in the older compared with the younger group. Logistic regression showed that leukocyte count, prevalence of female patients, and left‐sided diverticulitis were independent predictors for the older patients: Their odds ratios were 0.866 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.753–0.996), 2.631 (95% CI, 1.032–6.707) and 5.810 (95% CI, 2.328–14.497), respectively.ConclusionCaution should be taken when managing older patients with colonic diverticulitis because reactive leukocytosis might be poor, possibly reflecting immunosenescence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 951–955.
(Un)principled principals, (un)principled agents: The differential effects of managerial civil service reforms on corruption in developing and OECD countries
Authors: Schuster Christian , Meyer‐Sahling Jan‐Hinrik , Mikkelsen Kim Sass 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDo management practices have similar anticorruption effects in OECD and developing countries? Despite prominent cautions against “New Zealand” reforms which enhance managerial discretion in developing countries, scholars have not assessed this question statistically. Our article addresses this gap through a conjoint experiment with 6,500 public servants in three developing countries and one OECD country. Our experiment assesses Weberian relative to managerial approaches to recruitment, job stability, and pay. We argue that in developing countries with institutionalized corruption and weak rule of law—yet not OECD countries without such features—“unprincipled” principals use managerial discretion over hiring, firing, and pay to favor “unprincipled” bureaucratic agents who engage in corruption. Our results support this argument: managerial practices are associated with greater bureaucratic corruption in our surveyed developing countries, yet have little effect in our OECD country. Alleged “best practices” in public management in OECD countries may thus be “worst practices” in developing countries.
The Spectrum of Response to Erenumab in Patients With Episodic Migraine and Subgroup Analysis of Patients Achieving ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% Response
Authors: Broessner Gregor , Reuter Uwe , Bonner Jo H. , Dodick David W. , Hallström Yngve , Picard Hernan , Zhang Feng , Lenz Robert A. , Klatt Jan , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of erenumab at the ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) response thresholds, using data from the 6‐month double‐blind treatment phase (DBTP) of the Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Erenumab in Migraine Prevention (STRIVE) pivotal clinical trial.MethodsEnrolled patients with episodic migraine (EM; ≥4 MMD and <15 monthly headache days) were randomized (1:1:1) to erenumab 70 mg (n = 312), erenumab 140 mg (n = 318), or placebo (n = 316) once monthly. We determined the proportions of patients with ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% reduction in MMD over the last 3 months of the STRIVE DBTP (months 4 through 6) and conducted post hoc analyses to contextualize the treatment benefit in patient subgroups achieving, and not achieving, these response thresholds. Outcome measures included changes in MMD, acute migraine‐specific medication days (MSMD), and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsThe proportions of patients with a reduction in MMD from baseline were greater for erenumab than for placebo at all response thresholds. As previously reported for the ≥50% response threshold, 135/312 (43.3%) of patients on erenumab 70 mg and 159/318 (50.0%) on erenumab 140 mg responded, vs 84/316 (26.6%) for placebo. At months 4 through 6, 65/312 (20.8%) and 70/318 (22.0%) of those on erenumab 70 mg and erenumab 140 mg, respectively, achieved ≥75% reductions vs 25/316 (7.9%) on placebo. A reduction of 100% response, which required no migraine days over 3 consecutive months based on observed data, was achieved by 10/312 (3.2%) of patients treated with erenumab 70 mg and 16/318 (5.0%) for erenumab 140 mg, vs 9/316 (2.8%) for placebo. At all response thresholds, responders achieved numerically greater reductions in mean MMD and MSMD, and greater improvements in disability than did the overall population; importantly, these remarkable responses were noted early. Meanwhile, 60/312 (19.2%) and 53/318 (16.7%) patients on erenumab 70 and 140 mg, respectively, had no reduction in MMD from baseline in months 4 through 6, compared with 104/316 (32.9%) patients on placebo.ConclusionsThe responses at the ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% thresholds provide context for establishing realistic patient and physician expectations regarding the magnitude of treatment benefit that may be achieved by patients with EM responding to erenumab (STRIVE, NCT02456740).
Attenuation imaging based on ultrasound technology for assessment of hepatic steatosis: A comparison with magnetic resonance imaging‐determined proton density fat fraction
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Nakamura Shinichiro , Shibata Yusuke , Yasuda Satoshi , Watanuki Yutaka , Tsujii Kazuyuki , Fukuda Naoya , Fujioka Mamoru , Takeshima Kenji , Niwa Fumihiko , Ogawa Sadanobu , Hashinokuchi Shinichi , Kataoka Saki , Ichikawa Hironori , Iijima Hiroko 
Published: September 2020

AimA new method has recently been developed for diagnosing hepatic steatosis based on attenuation measurement using ultrasound. We investigated the ability of attenuation imaging (ATI) to detect steatosis that was identified by proton density fat fraction (PDFF) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsA total of 119 patients with chronic liver disease (non‐B, non‐C) were analyzed. The relationship between ATI values and steatosis grades determined by PDFF was evaluated. Additionally, the diagnostic ability of ATI was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and the correlation between ATI values and PDFF values was determined.ResultsThe ATI values of steatosis grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 0.55, 0.61, 0.74, and 0.84 dB/cm/MHz, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant trend of higher ATI values with higher steatosis grades (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient (r) between PDFF values and ATI values was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.78; P < 0.001), corresponding to a strong relationship. The diagnostic ability of ATI for steatosis grades ≥1, ≥2, and 3, as determined by PDFF, were 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.89), 0.87 (95% CI 0.79–0.96), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–0.98), respectively. The r between PDFF values and ATI values was 0.49 (95% CI 0.31–0.63; P < 0.001) for patients with mild or no steatosis (grade ≤1), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.57–0.86; P < 0.001) for obese patients (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2).ConclusionATI values had an excellent diagnostic ability to detect hepatic steatosis.
THE ORIGINS OF RACISM: A CRITIQUE OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS
Authors: SETH VANITA 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis essay has two objectives. First, it seeks to engage critically with contemporary scholarship on the origins of racism through the lens of an older debate centered around the history of ideas. Specifically, it argues that Quentin Skinner's influential critique of the history of ideas can help identify the pitfalls of our current fascination with the origins of racism—most particularly when such origins are traced back to antiquity and the European pre‐ and early modern periods. In pursuing its second objective, the essay turns from histories cataloguing ancient, medieval, and early modern racisms to objections leveled, in these same literatures, against scholarship defending the modernity of race. The defense of a premodern origin to race is, I argue, not just a historical argument but a contemporary politics embedded in a narrative of continuity that insists on the relevance of the medieval past to the racial configurations of our current moment. Rather than demonstrating continuity and sameness, this essay seeks to draw attention to alternative modes of historicizing that are more attentive to the alterity of the past.
2. SOME KEYWORDS TOWARD DECOLONIAL METHODS: STUDYING SETTLER COLONIAL HISTORIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIOLENCE FROM TKARONTO
Authors: MURPHY MICHELLE 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article provides keywords and reflections for decolonial methods, drawing on insights from the Indigenous‐led Land and the Refinery project, which concerns the history of Canada's Chemical Valley. This project is crucially organized as Indigenous people co‐researching the Imperial Oil Refinery, not as academics studying Aamjiwnaang, and asks how Indigenous and decolonial methods might reorient the use of archives toward other futures. Together, the keywords begin to outline a particular place‐based theory of change within decolonial historical practice.
HOW TO REINVENT THE FUTURE?
Authors: Tamm Marek 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis review essay discusses the historical Zeitdiagnosen in recent scholarly literature, focusing in particular on Jérôme Baschet's Défaire la tyrannie du présent: Temporalités émergentes et futurs inédits (2018). Baschet's book constitutes an original contribution to ongoing debates about our temporal condition in at least three aspects. First, although relying partly on earlier theoretical literature (principally the works of François Hartog), it more significantly draws on the author's long‐term engagement with the Zapatista movement. Second, it does not confine itself merely to diagnosing our temporal situation (presentism) but proposes strategies for exiting it. And finally, Baschet's theory of temporality is one part of his far more extensive enterprise of “exiting capitalism,” a project aimed at reconceptualizing the existing foundations of Western civilization. Although previous authors have defined our contemporary regime of temporality by focusing on the present and the disappearance of the future, Baschet claims that it is more accurate to speak about a burgeoning of futures—of completely new modalities of the future that differ significantly from modernist notions of it.
Gender difference in all‐cause mortality of people living with HIV in Iran: findings from a 20‐year cohort study
Authors: Gheibi Z , Dianatinasab M , Haghparast A , Mirzazadeh A , Fararouei M 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesGender differences in the efficacy of treatment and the mortality of HIV‐infected patients have not yet been fully elucidated. For the first time, we used data from a 20‐year cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in four provinces (Fars, Bushehr, Bandar Abbas, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer‐Ahmad) in the southern part of Iran to assess the gender difference in all‐cause mortality in PLWH in Iran.MethodsWe analysed data for 1216 patients aged ≥ 15 years who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1997 and 2017. Three hundred and fourteen (25.8%) were women.ResultsThe death rate from all causes among women was 13.7% vs. 43.8% among men (P < 0.001). All‐cause mortality was significantly associated with gender [the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for men compared with women was 3.20], not being on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with being on ART at the last visit (aHR 5.42), older age (aHR 1.03), delayed HIV diagnosis compared with early diagnosis (aHR 1.72), history of incarceration (aHR 1.57), higher log CD4 count at diagnosis (aHR 0.54), and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (aHR 0.09).ConclusionsThe results of this 20‐year cohort study suggest that gender is an important predictor of survival among HIV‐infected patients. Improving early HIV diagnosis and early ART initiation in men, as well as increased access to hepatitis C virus treatment are needed to increase the survival rate of HIV‐infected patients in Iran.
THE FACE VALUE OF ARGUMENTS WITH AND WITHOUT MANIPULATION
Authors: Felgenhauer Mike , Xu Fangya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA sender wishes to persuade a receiver with a (surprising) result that challenges the prior belief. The result stems either from sequential private experimentation or manipulation. The incentive to experiment and to manipulate depends on the quality threshold for persuasion. Higher thresholds make it harder to find a surprising outcome via experimentation and may encourage manipulation. Suppose there are observable nonmanipulable and manipulable research methods. For the decision quality, the quality threshold for persuasion for nonmanipulable methods should be higher than for manipulable methods. We discuss philosophy of science implications, such as field contingent quality standards and P‐value adjustments.