bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A detailed appraisal of renal manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism from Indian PHPT registry: Before and after curative parathyroidectomy
Authors: Agrawal Kanhaiya , Arya Ashutosh Kumar , Sood Ashwani , Kumari Poonam , Singh Priyanka , Sapara Mohin , Rastogi Ashu , Behera Arunanshu , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a systemic disorder characterized by hypercalcaemia and inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Renal manifestations are one of the main presenting features both in symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of PHPT patients with and without renal manifestations and also analysed the influence of curative parathyroidectomy on renal functions.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data of PHPT patients from the last 25 years (1995‐ March 2019) and compared the demographic and clinical presentation and biochemical measurements between patients with and without renal manifestations and evaluated the changes in renal functions after 1 year of curative parathyroidectomy.ResultsOf the total 544 PHPT patients, 299 (55%) including 91 out of 141 (65%) males had renal manifestations. Among renal manifestations, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis were found in 41.7% and 27.6% PHPT patients, respectively. PHPT patients with renal manifestations had significantly higher creatinine (109.7 vs 79.6 µmol/L; P < .0001) and lower eGFR level (78.8 vs 93.9 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < .0001) compared to patients without renal manifestations. Parathyroidectomy resolved the clinical symptoms with biochemical cure in the patients from both the groups. Patients with renal manifestations showed improvement in creatinine and eGFR levels after 1 year of curative parathyroidectomy; however, patients without renal manifestations showed no change in creatinine and eGFR levels.ConclusionYoung age and male gender are predictors of renal manifestations in PHPT. Curative parathyroidectomy improves renal functions in PHPT patients with renal manifestations compared to PHPT patients without renal manifestation.
Topology‐Aware Surface Reconstruction for Point Clouds
Authors: Brüel‐Gabrielsson Rickard , Ganapathi‐Subramanian Vignesh , Skraba Primoz , Guibas Leonidas J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present an approach to incorporate topological priors in the reconstruction of a surface from a point scan. We base the reconstruction on basis functions which are optimized to provide a good fit to the point scan while satisfying predefined topological constraints. We optimize the parameters of a model to obtain a likelihood function over the reconstruction domain. The topological constraints are captured by persistence diagrams which are incorporated within the optimization algorithm to promote the correct topology. The result is a novel topology‐aware technique which can (i) weed out topological noise from point scans, and (ii) capture certain nuanced properties of the underlying shape which could otherwise be lost while performing surface reconstruction. We show results reconstructing shapes with multiple potential topologies, compare to other classical surface construction techniques, and show the completion of real scan data.
Occurrence and clustering of complications in implant dentistry
Authors: Karlsson Karolina , Derks Jan , Wennström Jan L. , Petzold Max , Berglundh Tord 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate the overall occurrence and potential clustering of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry.Material and Methods596 patients provided with implant‐supported reconstructions were evaluated for the occurrence of (a) technical complications, (b) peri‐implantitis and (c) implant loss during a period of 9 years. Time and type of event were scored, and potential risk factors were explored through parametric modelling of survival and hazards. Clustering of complications was assessed at the patient level, and patient satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaire completed at the 9‐year examination.Results42% of patients were affected by technical and/or biological complications during the 9‐year observation period. Extent of therapy (Hazard Ratio 2.5: patients with partial jaw restorations; HR 3.9: patients with full jaw restorations) and a history of periodontitis (HR 1.6) were identified as risk factors. While technical complications occurred mostly as isolated events, 41% of subjects identified with peri‐implantitis and 52% of subjects with implant loss also presented with other complications. The hazard for technical complications and implant loss peaked at 0.7 years and 0.2 years, respectively, while the hazard for peri‐implantitis was consistent throughout the observation period. The overall proportion of satisfied patients at 9 years was high (95%), and only minor differences between individuals with and without complications were noted.ConclusionsComplications following implant‐supported restorative therapy were common findings. Extent of therapy and periodontitis were identified as risk factors. While technical complications occurred in an isolated pattern, peri‐implantitis and implant loss demonstrated clustering with other types of complications.
Poldip2 mediates blood‐brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema by inducing AQP4 polarity loss in mouse bacterial meningitis model
Authors: Gao Meng , Lu Weitian , Shu Yue , Yang Zhengyu , Sun Shanquan , Xu Jin , Gan Shengwei , Zhu Shujuan , Qiu Guoping , Zhuo Fei , Xu Shiye , Wang Yiying , Chen Junhong , Wu Xuan , Huang Juan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpecific highly polarized aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) expression is reported to play a crucial role in blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity and brain water transport balance. The upregulation of polymerase δ‐interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) was involved in aggravating BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether Poldip2‐mediated BBB disruption and cerebral edema formation in mouse bacterial meningitis (BM) model occur via induction of AQP4 polarity loss.Methods and ResultsMouse BM model was induced by injecting mice with group B hemolytic streptococci via posterior cistern. Recombinant human Poldip2 (rh‐Poldip2) was administered intranasally at 1 hour after BM induction. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeting Poldip2 was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 48 hours before BM induction. A specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), UK383367, was administered intravenously at 0.5 hour before BM induction. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, neurobehavioral test, brain water content test, Evans blue (EB) permeability assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gelatin zymography were carried out. The results showed that Poldip2 was upregulated and AQP4 polarity was lost in mouse BM model. Both Poldip2 siRNA and UK383367 improved neurobehavioral outcomes, alleviated brain edema, preserved the integrity of BBB, and relieved the loss of AQP4 polarity in BM model. Rh‐Poldip2 upregulated the expression of MMPs and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and downregulated the expression of β‐dystroglycan (β‐DG), zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), occludin, and claudin‐5; whereas Poldip2 siRNA downregulated the expression of MMPs and GFAP, and upregulated β‐DG, ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐5. Similarly, UK383367 downregulated the expression of GFAP and upregulated the expression of β‐DG, ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐5.ConclusionPoldip2 inhibition alleviated brain edema and preserved the integrity of BBB partially by relieving the loss of AQP4 polarity via MMPs/β‐DG pathway.
Delafloxacin––A novel fluoroquinolone for the treatment of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Millar Beverley Cherie , McCaughan John , Rendall Jacqueline C. , Moore John E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionFluoroquinolone antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, play an important role in treating infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) and ciprofloxacin remains the last widely used and orally available antipseudomonal agent. Recently, a new fluoroquinolone, delafloxacin, has been approved by the FDA for the indication of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI). This antibiotic is a novel dual‐targeting anionic fluoroquinolone and differs from previous agents in its class, as it lacks a protonatable substituent. To date, there are no reports of its use or activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF. Alarmingly, fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing among CF P aeruginosa isolates. The aims of the study were to (a) examine in vitro susceptibility of delafloxacin against a population of P. aeruginosa (n = 52) isolated from adult CF patients at our CF centre, (b) to compare delafloxacin and ciprofloxacin in vitro susceptibilities against CF P. aeruginosa and (c) to evaluate where delafloxacin may add benefit in treating CF P aeruginosa.MethodsIn vitro susceptibilities were examined on 52 non‐mucoid P. aeruginosa and P. aeruginosa ATCC™ 27853 reference strain, by employing Etest® gradient test strips for delafloxacin (range:0.002 ‐ 32 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (0.002 ‐ 32 mg/L), as per manufacturer's instructions (Biomerieux).ResultsMIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 for delafloxacin were 0.064 → 32 mg/L, 0.56 mg/L and 2.19 mg/L, respectively. For ciprofloxacin, these were 0.047 → 32 mg/L, 1.69 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L, respectively. Overall, isolates were statistically more sensitive to delafloxacin (p = 0.0005) than ciprofloxacin. Of note, 4/12 (33.3%) isolates with intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin were sensitive to delafloxacin. Similarly, 10/28 (35.7%) isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin were sensitive to delafloxacin, with only 17.9% isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, resistant to delafloxacin.ConclusionGiven similar breakpoints of these fluoroquinolones, these data show that delafloxacin has greater activity than ciprofloxacin. While delafloxacin and ciprofloxacin were equally effective with sensitive isolates, the value of delafloxacin was noted with more resistant isolates to ciprofloxacin. While ciprofloxacin should remain the first line fluoroquinolone for treating CF P aeruginosa, delafloxacin shows potential in treating ciprofloxacin‐resistant P aeruginosa.
Nuclear morphometry as an adjunct to cytopathologic examination of endometrial brushings on LBC samples: A prospective approach to combined evaluation in endometrial neoplasms and look alikes
Authors: Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Irino Satoshi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Yanoh Kenji , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Hirai Yasuo , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Fulciniti Franco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate and confirm whether atypical nuclear findings in endometrial cytology are useful when assessed by image morphometry in liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and compared with microscopic evaluation.MethodsIn total, 53 cases were selected for this study, including 11 presenting proliferative endometrium, 12 with surface papillary syncytial change with endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD‐SPSC), 10 endometrioid carcinoma grade 1 (G1‐EEC), 10 EEC grade 3 (G3‐EEC), and 10 endometrial serous carcinomas (ESC). Nuclear image morphometry for nuclear geometric features (area, grey value, aspect ratio, internuclear distance, nucleolar diameter) was performed using ImageJ computer software. For assessing nucleoli, 3861 nuclei were measured, and for nuclear findings, except for nucleoli, 4036 nuclei were measured in total.Results(a) Compared with G1‐EEC, G3‐EEC and ESC presented a marked increase in all six parameters (nuclear enlargement, anisonucleosis, nuclear shade, nuclear shape, irregularity of nuclear arrangement, and nucleolar size). (b) EGBD‐SPSC presented a marked increase in two parameters (nuclear shade, nuclear shape) when compared with G1/G3‐EEC and ESC. (c) Compared with EGBD‐SPSC, EEC and ESC demonstrated a marked increase in nucleolar size (≥2.0 μm). (d) ESC presented a marked increase in nucleolar size (≥3.0 μm) when compared with G3‐EEC.ConclusionsHere we confirmed that atypical nuclear findings evaluated by image morphometry are as useful as microscopic evaluations in endometrial cytology. We believe that the objective evaluation of nucleolar size could contribute to an accurate diagnosis of endometrial‐LBC samples.
Predicting spatiotemporal abundance of breeding waterfowl across Canada: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach
Authors: Adde Antoine , Darveau Marcel , Barker Nicole , Cumming Steven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to develop predictive statistical models for mapping the abundance of 18 waterfowl species at a pan‐Canadian level. We refined the previous generation of national waterfowl models by (a) developing new, more interpretable statistical models that (b) explicitly account for spatiotemporal variations in waterfowl abundance, while (c) testing for associations with an updated suite of habitat covariates.LocationAll of Canada, excluding the Northern Arctic ecozone.MethodsOur response variables were annual species counts on 2,227 aerial‐survey segments over a period of 25 years (1990–2015). Combining machine‐learning and hierarchical regression modelling, we devised an innovative covariate selection strategy to select for each species the best subset of a panel of 232 candidate habitat covariates. With the selected covariates, we implemented hierarchical generalized linear models in a Bayesian framework, using the integrated nested Laplace approximation and stochastic partial differential equation approaches.ResultsOn average, our models explained 47% of the observed variance for spatiotemporal predictions and 74% for temporally averaged spatial predictions. The 18 species models included 94 significant waterfowl‐habitat associations involving 42 distinct habitat covariates, with an average of 5.3 covariates per model. Covariates for forest attributes were the most represented in our models. The proportional biomass ofPopulus tremuloideswas the most frequently selected covariate (10/94 associations in 10/18 species). Model predictions generated spatial and spatiotemporal maps of species abundances over almost all of Canada.Main conclusionsWe showed that it is possible to efficiently combine machine‐learning, variable selection and hierarchical Bayesian methods that exploit high‐dimensional covariate spaces. Our approach yielded powerful and easily interpretable species distribution models with very few covariates, while accounting for residual autocorrelation. Possible applications of the resulting models and maps include the development of biodiversity indicators, the evaluation and execution of conservation planning strategies, and ecosystem services monitoring.
Novel temperature‐responsive, biodegradable and injectable collagen sol for the endoscopic closure of colonic perforation holes: Animal study (with videos)
Authors: Uraoka Toshio , Yunoki Shunji , Kinoshita Satoshi , Takatori Yusaku , Hirai Yuichiro , Tanaka Hirohito , Narita Takefumi , Shimoda Masayuki 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) poses a risk of intraprocedural perforation. We have developed a biodegradable injectable collagen sol that undergoes a liquid‐to‐gel formation in response to body temperature. Here, we investigated the feasibility of this novel collagen sol for the endoscopic closure of iatrogenic perforation holes.MethodsIn two experiments, 12 and 5 colonic perforation holes (3–5 mm) were made using an ESD knife in four and three live pigs under general anesthesia, respectively. In Experiment 1, collagen sol was delivered to the perforation holes using an endoscopic catheter. When the colon was expanded by CO2 insufflation, endo‐clips were applied to the perforation holes. For Experiment 2, Collagen sol adjusted based on the Experiment 1 results was delivered to the perforation holes in the same manner. A leak test was performed for every colon after the pigs were killed, and the histology of the perforation sites was evaluated.ResultsIn both experiments, collagen sol was smoothly delivered to the target area and fixed as a gel on the perforation holes. Experiment 1, 83% (10/12) of the perforation holes were completely closed, and all endo‐clips were placed with composure. Experiment 2, all perforation holes were completely closed with collagen gel. There was no leak from the perforation holes. Histology revealed a fixation of the collagen gel as an embolus agent in the perforation holes.ConclusionsThis novel collagen sol may be used for the endoscopic closure of intraprocedural perforation. Further studies will determine this collagen sol's clinical feasibility and safety.
Complications and sequelae of concussion and subluxation in permanent teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Darley Rodrigo Moreira , Fernandes e Silva Caroline , Costa Francine dos Santos , Xavier Cristina Braga , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/aimThe overall prognosis for teeth that have suffered concussion and/or subluxation is not yet known. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify the incidence of sequelae or complications associated with concussion and subluxation of permanent teeth.MethodsFour databases were used as follows: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Lilacs. The search for studies was carried out up to March 31, 2019, to identify studies evaluating patients diagnosed with dental trauma classified as concussion or subluxation and reporting their respective sequelae and/or complications. No restrictions were made for gender, follow‐up period, and the year of publication or language. The selection of studies and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers. The studies were grouped according to the type of trauma. A random‐effect model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals for each type of trauma.ResultsThirteen articles were included in the systematic review, and six were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled incidence of unfavorable outcomes (any sequel or complication) in teeth with concussion was 12% by the end of 1 year of follow up (0.12; CI95% 0.00‐0.26). The pooled incidence of unfavorable outcomes in teeth with subluxation was 18% (0.18; CI95 % 0.07‐0.29) by the end of 1 year of follow up.ConclusionConcussion and subluxation showed sequelae and/or complications by the end of 1 year, including pulp necrosis. Patients who have suffered mild supportive tissue injuries should be monitored.
Characteristic changes of traumatic dental injuries in a teaching hospital of Wuhan under transmission control measures during the COVID‐19 epidemic
Authors: Yang Yu‐Ting , Zhang Wei , Xie Long , Li Zu‐Bing , Li Zhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan City, and a retrospective analysis is necessary to provide clinicians with the characteristics of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the characteristics of TDIs under the transmission control measures in Wuhan City utilizing an epidemiologic investigation.Materials and methodIn this retrospective study, epidemiologic information, including the number of patients, gender, age, and TDI parameters such as time since injury to the clinic visit, etiology, tooth location, and the type of injury was extracted from the records of patients in the hospital from two periods: period 1 (between January 23, 2020, and April 7, 2020) and period 2 (between January 23, 2019, and April 7, 2019). The data from the two periods were compared and analyzed.ResultA total of 158 patients were treated for TDIs (120 in 2019 and 38 in 2020). Males were more likely to suffer from TDIs than females with a ratio of 1.5:1, both in 2020 and 2019. Other than that, there were characteristic changes in TDIs during the transmission control measures in the COVID‐19 epidemic, which included the number of patients, age, time since injury to the clinic visit, etiology, tooth location and the type of TDI.ConclusionThe transmission control measures during the COVID‐19 epidemic had a significant impact on the epidemiology and etiology of TDIs in Wuhan City.
Applications of tissue clearing in the spinal cord
Authors: Tian Ting , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe locomotor networks in the spinal cord coordinate muscle contractions and govern limb movements, ensuring postural body stability and smooth locomotion at different speeds. Dissecting the organization and connection of spinal motor networks is crucial to interpret their functional roles and thus can help to design more specific interventions for motor system diseases. Traditional two‐dimensional (2D) histological sectioning is inadequate to accurately dissect complex architecture of the spinal cord as it provides only partial spatial information about spinal neural circuits. It is particularly difficult for quantitative analysis of axon regeneration after injury with 2D tissue sections, because it shows axonal fragments rather than spatial trajectory of regenerating axons. Therefore, three‐dimensional (3D) imaging and analysis are extremely necessary for investigations of spinal cord structure and function. Although 3D spatial structure of the spinal cord can be reconstructed by serial sectioning, this approach is laborious and prone to image distortion. The recently emerging tissue clearing technique enables 3D imaging of the entire spinal cord at cellular resolution without tissue sectioning. The development of tissue clearing contributes to revealing the organization and function of spinal circuits and elucidating associated mechanisms underlying certain behaviours in health and disease. In this paper, we give an overview of the current clearing methods and introduce available labelling and imaging techniques as well as data processing software. Finally, we demonstrate the recent applications of tissue clearing in the spinal cord. Tissue clearing technique provides a novel tool for 3D imaging and quantification of the spinal cord, and benefits investigations of structure–function relationship of spinal networks. This review might help researchers to find the potential of tissue clearing in the studies of spinal cord and select appropriate clearing protocol for their experimental schemes.
Quantifying impacts of plastic debris on marine wildlife identifies ecological breakpoints
Authors: Marn Nina , Jusup Marko , Kooijman Sebastiaan A. L. M. , Klanjscek Tin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantifying sublethal effects of plastics ingestion on marine wildlife is difficult, but key to understanding the ontogeny and population dynamics of affected species. We developed a method that overcomes the difficulties by modelling individual ontogeny under reduced energy intake and expenditure caused by debris ingestion. The predicted ontogeny is combined with a population dynamics model to identify ecological breakpoints: cessation of reproduction or negative population growth. Exemplifying this approach on loggerhead turtles, we find that between 3% and 25% of plastics in digestive contents causes a 2.5–20% reduction in perceived food abundance and total available energy, resulting in a 10–15% lower condition index and 10% to 88% lower total seasonal reproductive output compared to unaffected turtles. The reported plastics ingestion is insufficient to impede sexual maturation, but population declines are possible. The method is readily applicable to other species impacted by debris ingestion.