bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions: flow and charge transport
Authors: Inghirami Gabriele , Mace Mark , Hirono Yuji , Del Zanna Luca , Kharzeev Dmitri E. , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAt the earliest times after a heavy-ion collision, the magnetic field created by the spectator nucleons will generate an extremely strong, albeit rapidly decreasing in time, magnetic field. The impact of this magnetic field may have detectable consequences, and is believed to drive anomalous transport effects like the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). We detail an exploratory study on the effects of a dynamical magnetic field on the hydrodynamic medium created in the collisions of two ultrarelativistic heavy-ions, using the framework of numerical ideal MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) with the ECHO-QGP code. In this study, we consider a magnetic field captured in a conducting medium, where the conductivity can receive contributions from the electromagnetic conductivity$$\sigma $$σand the chiral magnetic conductivity$$\sigma _{\chi }$$σχ. We first study the elliptic flow of pions, which we show is relatively unchanged by the introduction of a magnetic field. However, by increasing the magnitude of the magnetic field, we find evidence for an enhancement of the elliptic flow in peripheral collisions. This effect is stronger at RHIC than the LHC, and it is evident already at intermediate collision centralities. Next, we explore the impact of the chiral magnetic conductivity on electric charges produced at the edges of the fireball. This initial$$\sigma _\chi $$σχcan be understood as a long-wavelength effective description of chiral fermion production. We then demonstrate that this chiral charge, when transported by the MHD medium, produces a charge dipole perpendicular to the reaction plane which extends a few units in rapidity. Assuming charge conservation at the freeze-out surface, we show that the produced charge imbalance can have measurable effects on some experimental observables, like$$v_1$$v1or$$\langle \sin \phi \rangle $$⟨sinϕ⟩. This demonstrates the ability of a MHD fluid to transport the signature of the initial chiral magnetic fields to late times. We also comment on the limitations of the ideal MHD approximation and detail how further development of a dissipative-resistive model can provide a more realistic description of the QGP.
Transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes universitários
Authors: Gomes Carlos Fabiano Munir , Pereira Junior Ronaldo José , Cardoso Josiane Viana , Silva Daniel Augusto da 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: identificar a ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de uma instituição de Ensino Superior e associar com as características sociodemográficas e acadêmicas. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, de levantamento, realizada com 378 estudantes universitários de uma instituição do interior paulista, com a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e do Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de análise estatística descritiva e instruções respectivas para a análise do instrumento utilizado. Resultados: 151 (39,9%) dos estudantes universitários entrevistados apresentaram escore de classificação para caso suspeito de transtornos de humor, de ansiedade e de somatização. Das variáveis sociodemográficas, os maiores índices foram para mulheres (43,7%), homossexuais (50,0%), cor de pele preta (42,9%) e em união estável (50,0%). Das variáveis acadêmicas, destacam-se maiores índices entre estudantes do curso de Administração (57,5%) e estudantes no período matutino (44,0%). Conclusão: a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e recuperação relacionadas à ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns nessa população é clara, tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade a qual está exposta.
Novel Risk Modeling Approach of Atrial Fibrillation With Restricted Mean Survival Times
Authors: Staerk Laila , Preis Sarah R. , Lin Honghuang , Casas Juan P. , Lunetta Kathryn , Weng Lu-Chen , Anderson Christopher D. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Risk prediction models for atrial fibrillation (AF) do not give information about when AF might develop. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) quantifies risk into the time domain. Our objective was to use RMST to re-express individualized AF risk predictions.

Methods and Results:

We included AF-free participants from the Framingham Heart Study community-based cohorts. We predicted new-onset AF over 10-year follow-up according to baseline covariates: age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes mellitus, prevalent heart failure, and prevalent myocardial infarction. First, we fitted a Cox regression model and estimated the 10-year predicted risk of AF. Second, we fitted an RMST model and estimated the predicted mean time free of AF and alive over a time horizon of 10 years. We included 7586 AF-free participants contributing to 11 088 examinations (mean age 61±11 years, 44% were men). During 10-year follow-up, 822 participants developed AF. The Cox and RMST models were in agreement regarding the direction, strength, and statistical significance of associations for all covariates. Low (<5%), intermediate (5%–15%), and high (>15%) 10-year predicted risk of AF corresponded to predicted mean time alive and free of AF of 9.9, 9.6, and 8.8 years, respectively. A 60-year-old woman with a body mass index of 25 kg/m
2
, no use of hypertension treatment and no history of heart failure had a predicted mean time alive and free of AF of 9.9 years, whereas a 70-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 kg/m
2
, use of hypertension treatment, and with prevalent heart failure had a predicted mean time alive and free of AF of 7.9 years.

Conclusions:
The RMST can be used to develop risk prediction models to express results in a time scale. RMST may offer a complementary risk communication tool for AF in clinical practice.
Lyre and Aulos from an Athenian Classical Grave in the Area between the So-Called ‘Eriai’ Gates and the Dipylon (Grave 48, 470-50 BC)
Authors: Psaroudakēs Stelios 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The remains of two musical instruments, a tortoise carapace lyre and an ‘early type’ aulos, were found in a grave of the Classical period (470-50 BC), outside the Athenian walls, in the area between the so-called ‘Eriai’ Gates and the Dipylon. In this paper, they are discussed in every significant organological detail and are compared with similar finds; and an attempt is made to reconstruct them verbally. Of special mention are: the elegant string holder of the lyre and the affinity of the aulos to some other significant exemplars.
Painting with Music
Authors: Laferrière Carolyn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
When Apollo is depicted playing his lyre, the representation of his active musical performance suggests a sonic element in the viewer’s perception of the image. In this paper, I examine how Apollo’s music and its effect upon his audience are communicated in late Archaic Athenian vase-painting. I draw attention to three musical terms, namely ῥυθµός, συµµετρία, and ἁρµονία, which were defined around the same time that the images were created. These concepts were also used for art criticism, encouraging a comparison between art and music. Working between these musical terms and the visual images, I show that the material representation of Apollo’s music informs each image’s composition through the repetition of similar lines and forms among Apollo, his instrument, his audience, and the plants and animals that accompany them. The images suggest that the sounds of the god’s music draw the composition together into a musical harmonia, thereby continually reaffirming the unifying character inherent to Apollo’s music.
Socioeconomic Position and the Incidence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Wiemken Timothy L. , Carrico Ruth M. , Furmanek Stephen P. , Guinn Brian E. , Mattingly William A. , Peyrani Paula , Ramirez Julio A. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives The influence of socioeconomic disparities on adults with pneumonia is not well understood. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between community-level socioeconomic position, as measured by an area deprivation index, and the incidence, severity, and outcomes among adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods This was an ancillary study of a population-based, prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with CAP in Louisville, Kentucky, from June 1, 2013, through May 31, 2015. We used a race-specific, block group–level area deprivation index as a proxy for community-level socioeconomic position and evaluated it as a predictor of CAP incidence, CAP severity, early clinical improvement, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. Results The cohort comprised 6349 unique adults hospitalized with CAP. CAP incidence per 100 000 population increased significantly with increasing levels of area deprivation, from 303 in tertile 1 (low deprivation), to 467 in tertile 2 (medium deprivation), and 553 in tertile 3 (high deprivation) ( P < .001). Adults in medium- and high-deprivation areas had significantly higher odds of severe CAP (tertile 2 odds ratio [OR] = 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.39]; tertile 3 OR = 1.4 [95% CI, 1.18-1.64] and 1-year mortality (tertile 2 OR = 1.3 [95% CI, 1.11-1.54], tertile 3 OR = 1.3 [95% CI, 1.10-1.64]) than adults in low-deprivation areas. Conclusions Compared with adults residing in low-deprivation areas, adults residing in high-deprivation areas had an increased incidence of CAP, and they were more likely to have severe CAP. Beyond 30 days of care, we identified an increased long-term mortality for persons in high-deprivation areas. Community-level socioeconomic position should be considered an important factor for research in CAP and policy decisions.
Does Diabetes Distress Influence Clinical Response to an mHealth Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Intervention?
Authors: Clark Taylor L. , Gallo Linda , Euyoque Johanna A. , Philis-Tsimikas Athena , Fortmann Addie 
Published: March 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether baseline levels of diabetes distress (DD) impacted clinical benefit from a mobile health (mHealth) diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) intervention (“Dulce Digital”). Methods This secondary analysis included the full sample of 126 Hispanic adults (mean age = 48.43 years, SD = 9.80) with type 2 diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin A1C >7.5% enrolled from a Federally Qualified Health Center in a randomized, nonblinded clinical trial that compared Dulce Digital to usual care. Dulce Digital participants received educational/motivational, medication reminders, and blood glucose monitoring prompt text messages over 6 months. Results Baseline levels of DD prospectively moderated the effect of Dulce Digital (vs usual care) on glycemic control over 6 months, such that Dulce Digital participants with higher DD experienced relatively greater benefit from the intervention. The effect of the intervention on A1C change was 178% larger among individuals experiencing moderate/high versus no/low DD. Conclusions Although research has found DD to be associated with poorer self-management and clinical outcomes, individuals already distressed about their diabetes may benefit from a lower-burden mHealth DSME/S approach.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A 28‐Year Experience
Authors: Kwan Kera , Ghazizadeh Shabnam , Moon Andy S. , Rünger Dennis , Sajed Dipti , Elashoff David , St John Maie 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the management and recurrence outcomes of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma (HN‐MCC) at a single institution.Study DesignA retrospective review of outcomes in patients with HN‐MCC.SettingA tertiary center from May 1990 to December 2018.Subjects and MethodsElectronic medical records of patients with HN‐MCC were reviewed.ResultsSixty cases were included, with 67% (40 of 60) males and a mean age of 73.3 years. Imaging had a moderate sensitivity and specificity for detection of occult disease when compared with histopathologic analysis. Forty‐two percent (25 of 60) of patients underwent neck dissection, and 12% (7 of 60) had a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). There was a high rate of negative SLNB findings. The majority of patients were treated with surgery alone (29 of 60), followed by a cohort (21 of 60) treated with surgery plus adjuvant treatment, and 10 of 60 patients were treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. Recurrence‐free survival was 50%, 45%, and 42% at 1, 2, and 5 years.ConclusionsWe report higher recurrence rates and higher negative SLNB result rates than other studies. Our results affirm that imaging may not be a substitute for SLNB and that it had an intermediate ability to identify the occult disease. Traditional predictors, including SLNB and cervical node pathology, may not identify patients at risk for recurrence in HN‐MCC. We report similar recurrence rates in patients who had treatment of the cervical nodes by radiation therapy or neck dissection as compared with those who did not receive neck treatment.
Effect of time restricted feeding on the gut microbiome in adults with obesity: A pilot study
Authors: Gabel Kelsey , Marcell Jarrad , Cares Kate , Kalam Faiza , Cienfuegos Sofia , Ezpeleta Mark , Varady Krista A. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Time restricted feeding is a form of intermittent fasting where participants shorten the daily window in which they eat. Aim: This is the first study to examine the effects of intermittent fasting on changes in the gut microbiome. Methods: Adults with obesity ( n = 14) participated in a daily 8-hour time restricted feeding intervention (8-hour feeding window/16-hour fasting window) for 12 weeks. Fecal microbiota were determined by 16 S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequencing of stool samples. Results: Body weight decreased ( P < 0.05) by -2 ± 1 kg. Gut microbiota phylogenetic diversity remained unchanged. The two most common phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for 61.2% and 26.9% of total abundance at baseline. No significant alterations in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, or any other phyla were detected after 12 weeks of time restricted feeding. Conclusions: Time restricted feeding did not significantly alter the diversity or overall composition of the gut microbiome.
A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis of barriers and facilitators to paediatric symptom management at end of life
Authors: Greenfield Katie , Holley Simone , Schoth Daniel E , Harrop Emily , Howard Richard F , Bayliss Julie , Brook Lynda , Jassal Satbir S , Johnson Margaret , Wong Ian , Liossi Christina 
Published: March 2020

Background: Symptom management for infants, children and young people at end of life is complex and challenging due to the range of conditions and differing care needs of individuals of different ages. A greater understanding of these challenges could inform the development of effective interventions. Aim: To investigate the barriers and facilitators experienced by patients, carers and healthcare professionals managing symptoms in infants, children and young people at end of life. Design: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019124797). Data sources: The Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database, Evidence Search and OpenGrey were electronically searched from the inception of each database for qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies that included data from patients, carers or healthcare professionals referring to barriers or facilitators to paediatric end-of-life symptom management. Studies underwent data extraction, quality appraisal, narrative thematic synthesis and meta-analysis. Results: A total of 64 studies were included (32 quantitative, 18 qualitative and 14 mixed-methods) of medium-low quality. Themes were generated encompassing barriers/facilitators experienced by carers (treatment efficacy, treatment side effects, healthcare professionals’ attitudes, hospice care, home care, families’ symptom management strategies) and healthcare professionals (medicine access, treatment efficacy, healthcare professionals’ demographics, treatment side effects, specialist support, healthcare professionals’ training, health services delivery, home care). Only one study included patients’ views. Conclusion: There is a need for effective communication between healthcare professionals and families, more training for healthcare professionals, improved symptom management planning including anticipatory prescribing, and urgent attention paid to the patients’ perspective.
Prognostic value of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wang Qing , Cao Huihua , Gao Zhenyan , Qian Guangyang , Lu Qicheng , Wu Yugang 
Published: March 2020

Background To investigate the prognostic value of pre-treatment serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Medline and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 01, 1998 and December 31, 2018 that investigated the relationship between pre-treatment serum AFP levels and prognosis of patients with GC. Hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Results 13 studies involving 9099 patients with GC were included in the meta-analysis. High pre-treatment serum AFP levels were significantly associated with poor outcome in patients with GC. Although there was significant heterogeneity between studies, sub-group analyses found that studies of ‘non-China’ countries, sample size <500, mixed treatment, or AFP cut-off value ≥20 ng/ml, had low heterogeneity. Conclusions The pooled analysis suggests that pre-treatment serum AFP levels can be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with GC. Further research is required to confirm these results.
Effect of carbamazepine on the bone health of people with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zhong Rui , Chen Qingling , Li Mengmeng , Lin Weihong , Cui Li 
Published: March 2020

Importance Increasing evidence indicates that carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in people with epilepsy (PWE) has adverse effects on bone health. Objective We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of CBZ on the bone health of PWE. Methods Two independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE for eligible studies. Standard mean deviations (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used as a measure to investigate the effect of CBZ on bone-related outcomes in PWE. Results Levels of vitamin D (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.62, 95% CI: −0.89 to −0.35) and calcium (SMD: −0.38, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.09) were significantly lower in the CBZ group than controls. Additionally, significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (SMD: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52–0.82) was observed in patients using CBZ than controls. However, no significant difference in BMD was found between the two groups (SMD: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.55 to 0.43). Conclusion and significance: This study provided evidence that CBZ treatment has a negative effect on bone health in PWE. Clinical implications are that long-term CBZ treatment may not be a good choice for PWE with skeletal diseases or osteoporosis.
HLA-B*1502 is associated with aromatic anticonvulsant drug-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions among the Hakka population in China
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Zhong Hua , Zhang Qunji , Huang Qingyan , Wu Heming 
Published: March 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between aromatic antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions and HLA-B*1502 genotype in patients from the Hakka population in Meizhou. Methods A total of 214 epileptic patients taking aromatic (n = 94) or non-aromatic anticonvulsants (n = 120) were included in the study from September 2016 to May 2018. Clinical data for the patients were analyzed retrospectively and HLA-B*1502 genotype testing was carried out. Results Thirty patients were HLA-B*1502(+) (14.02%). The proportion of HLA-B*1502(−) genotype and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) differed significantly between the two drug groups. In the aromatic anticonvulsant group, maculopapular eruption (MPE), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) occurred in 10 patients, including eight HLA-B*1502(+) and two HLA-B*1502(−) patients. MPE, HSS, SJS, and TEN occurred in 26 patients in the non-aromatic anticonvulsant group, including one HLA-B*1502(+) and 25 HLA-B*1502(−) patients. There was a significant correlation between the proportions of HLA-B*1502(+) genotype and induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in the two groups. Conclusions HLA-B*1502 is associated with aromatic anticonvulsant drug-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions among the Hakka population in Meizhou, China.
Endocrine and glycolipid metabolism characteristics of diminished ovarian reserve in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Wang Chaojun , Di Wen , Gu Zhuowei 
Published: March 2020

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the endocrine and glycolipid metabolism characteristics of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in Chinese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods In total, 1179 patients with PCOS and 70 healthy women who presented to the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology in Ren Ji Hospital from June 2015 and June 2019 were enrolled in this study. Parameters of endocrine and glycolipid metabolism were measured. The differences in indices among the control group, simple PCOS group, and PCOS with DOR group were analyzed. Results The prevalence of DOR in Chinese women with PCOS was 20.8%. The body mass index and waist/hip ratio were significantly higher in the simple PCOS group than in the PCOS with DOR group. There were significant differences in the concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone, and androstenedione among the three groups. The fasting serum insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the simple PCOS group than in the PCOS with DOR group. Conclusions The endocrine and glycolipid metabolism characteristics were different between the simple PCOS group and PCOS with DOR group.
Diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, and gastrin-17 levels for population-based screening for early-stage gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Yaping , Zhu Zhiyong , Liu Zhilan , Zhao Zhen , Xue Xiaohong , Li Xiaolin , Li Pingying , Rong Guanghong , Ma Yingcai 
Published: March 2020

Objective Diagnosing gastric cancer (GC) at early stages is important for reducing its mortality. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen (PG) I, PGII, and gastrin-17 (G17) levels in screening for early-stage GC. Methods Serum levels of PGI, PGII, and G17 were measured in patients with upper digestive tract symptoms or GC family histories, and the PGI to PGII ratio (PGR) was calculated. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine the thresholds of PGI, PGR, and G17 for GC diagnosis. Results Among the 949 patients examined by gastroscopy, 13 (1.37%) had GC, including five cases of early-stage GC and eight cases of progressive GC. PGI, PGR, and G17 showed good specificity and sensitivity for early-stage and progressive GC. The optimal thresholds of PGI, G17, and PGR were 71.85 μg/L, 15.65 pmol/L and 5.04 for the diagnosis of early-stage GC, respectively, and were 42.55 μg/L, 20.55 pmol/L, and 2.79 for the diagnosis of progressive GC, respectively. Conclusion Combining PG and G17 serum levels with gastroscopy could be a promising approach to screen for early-stage GC.