bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuing Effects by Biologically and Behaviorally Relevant Symbolic Cues
Authors: Yokoyama Takemasa , Kato Ryousuke , Inoue Kazuya , Takeda Yuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether symbolic cues that are relevant biologically (e.g., eye gaze) and behaviorally (e.g., arrows) have analogous characteristics and function similarly in terms of attentional resource consumption. Both cues induce attentional orienting when they do not indicate a target location, but it remains unclear whether cuing effects by those cues have similar characteristics. We recently found that cuing effects by non‐predictive gaze cues remain intact when a spatial working memory task is concurrently performed. Here, we examined whether non‐predictive arrow cues induce cuing effects when spatial working memory is occupied. To this end, we conducted a dual‐task paradigm consisting of cuing (gaze and arrow) and spatial working memory tasks. In the cuing task, participants judged whether a peripherally presented target was positioned at left or right while ignoring the centrally presented cues. In the spatial working memory task, participants performed a change‐detection task. In the dual‐task condition, participants performed the two tasks on the same trial. In Experiment 1, we observed cuing effects by both gaze and arrows, even when the spatial working memory task was concurrently performed, although reaction times were overall faster in the gaze than arrow conditions. In Experiment 2, we rejected the possibility that automatic visual orienting found in Experiment 1 had been induced by simple motion perception of gaze and arrow cues. The present study suggests that biologically and behaviorally relevant symbolic cues have analogous traits with respect to resource processing.
A global analysis of ecological and evolutionary drivers of the use of wild mammals in traditional medicine
Authors: Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega , Borges Anna Karolina Martins , Barboza Raynner Rilke Duarte , Souto Wedson Medeiros Silva , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Provete Diogo B. , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIngredients derived from wild mammals are widely used in traditional remedies. Large datasets of traits, geographic ranges, and phylogeny are also available for mammals. Therefore, mammals are an ideal group in which to explore the ecological (e.g. range size, body mass) and evolutionary (i.e. shared ancestry) correlates of the use of animal‐derived products in traditional medicine.In a global analysis of correlates of the use of wild mammals in traditional medicine, we tested how life‐history traits relate to the use of mammal products to treat disease. We compiled data from the primary literature about folk remedies based on mammals via a literature search using ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Then, we used modern phylogenetic comparative methods to estimate phylogenetic signals in the diseases that mammal body parts are used to treat and to test whether geographic range size and body mass are related to medicinal use. We tested whether mammalian species that are used more in medicine are also those that are more threatened by extinction.Our results show that 521 mammalian species are used to source products to treat 371 ailments. We found support for the hypothesis that phylogenetic relatedness correlates with the use of mammal‐derived remedies in traditional medicines. Specifically, we confirm our hypotheses that closely related species are more similar in terms of their perceived medical versatility than distantly related species and are used to treat similar diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that large marsupials are more versatile and are used to treat more diseases than smaller marsupials.In our database, 155 mammalian species are considered threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered), and a further 46 are Near Threatened, suggesting that overexploitation for medicinal use could be an overlooked source of threat that should be considered in mammal species conservation assessments. We demonstrate that phylogenetic relatedness correlates with the use of mammalian species as remedies in traditional medicine, and urge future researchers to evaluate the negative effects of overexploitation of mammals for medical purposes. Such overexploitation could cause non‐random extinction patterns in the mammalian tree of life.
Scoping reviews in medical education: A scoping review
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Larsen Kelsey , Thomas Aliki , Costello Joseph A. , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesOver the last two decades, the number of scoping reviews in core medical education journals has increased by 4200%. Despite this growth, research on scoping reviews provides limited information about their nature, including how they are conducted or why medical educators undertake this knowledge synthesis type. This gap makes it difficult to know where the field stands and may hamper attempts to improve the conduct, reporting and utility of scoping reviews. Thus, this review characterises the nature of medical education scoping reviews to identify areas for improvement and highlight future research opportunities.MethodThe authors searched PubMed for scoping reviews published between 1/1999 and 4/2020 in 14 medical education journals. The authors extracted and summarised key bibliometric data, the rationales given for conducting a scoping review, the research questions and key reporting elements as described in the PRISMA‐ScR. Rationales and research questions were mapped to Arksey and O'Malley's reasons for conducting a scoping review.ResultsOne hundred and one scoping reviews were included. On average, 10.1 scoping reviews (SD = 13.1, median = 4) were published annually with the most reviews published in 2019 (n = 42). Authors described multiple reasons for undertaking scoping reviews; the most prevalent being to summarise and disseminate research findings (n = 77). In 11 reviews, the rationales for the scoping review and the research questions aligned. No review addressed all elements of the PRISMA‐ScR, with few authors publishing a protocol (n = 2) or including stakeholders (n = 20). Authors identified shortcomings of scoping reviews, including lack of critical appraisal.ConclusionsScoping reviews are increasingly conducted in medical education and published by most core journals. Scoping reviews aim to map the depth and breadth of emerging topics; as such, they have the potential to play a critical role in the practice, policy and research of medical education. However, these results suggest improvements are needed for this role to be fully realised.
Researching the Medieval Past between Catalonia and Romania. Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Nicolae Iorga, and the Transnational Writing of National History (1921‐1935)
Authors: Mallart Lucila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses knowledge transfers between Catalonia and Romania in the interwar period, in order to cast new light on the nature of national history writing in early‐twentieth‐century Europe. To do so, it discusses the historiographical works of the Catalans Josep Puig i Cadafalch (1867–1956) and, to a lesser extent, Antoni Rubió i Lluch (1856–1937) and of the Romanians Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940) and Constantin Marinescu (1891–1970). It pays particular attention to Iorga's and Marinescu's contributions on the history of medieval Catalonia in the Eastern Mediterranean and to Puig's studies on Moldavian painted churches. In doing so, the paper challenges the view that the historiography of foreign scholars regarding one's own national history was often disregarded as incompetent. At the same time, the paper also responds to the debate on the creation and validation of cultural knowledge across borderlands, outside of cultural cores. It builds on recent work on the creativity of cultural peripheries and argues that, while France continued to operate as a reference in the exchanges between Catalans and Romanians, their historiographical exchanges responded to local research and political agendas.
Facilitators and barriers in implementing clinical nursing assessment in mental health care for older people: A multimethod approach
Authors: Berthoud Laurent , Turcotte Mathieu , Dzemaili Shota , Ducraux Daniel , Zumstein‐Shaha Maya , Ortoleva Bucher Claudia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the aging of the population and the growing prevalence of dementia, specialized and collaborative nursing care is paramount in this area. To ensure better quality care, it is necessary to use effective and context‐specific processes to implement evidence‐based practices and more specifically clinical nursing assessment. This study aimed to identify and describe factors that may influence the implementation of clinical nursing assessment in mental health care for older people. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was employed to guide evaluation in the pre‐implementation phase in the specific context of mental health care for older people. Using a multimethod approach, interviews, focus groups, and a quantitative survey were conducted with a non‐probability convenience sample. A total of 39 hospital nurses (registered nurses and head nurses) were interviewed. Analysis yielded five main factors, notably three barriers and two facilitators. Barriers include a lack of general nursing culture, deficiencies in leadership, and difficulties in communication and collaboration. Facilitators comprise team cohesion and the perceived benefits of the study.
Evaluation of the Pain Impact Index for Community‐Dwelling Older Adults Through the Application of Rasch Modelling
Authors: Gilmartin‐Thomas Julia F.‐M. , Forbes Andrew , Liew Danny , McNeil John J. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Owen Alice J. , Ernst Michael E. , Nelson Mark R. , Lockery Jessica , Ward Stephanie A. , Busija Ljoudmila ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the Pain Impact Index, a simple, brief, easy‐to‐use, and novel tool to assess the impact of chronic pain in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA Rasch modelling analysis was undertaken in Stata using a partial credit model suited to the Likert‐type items that comprised the Index. The Index was evaluated for ordering of category thresholds, unidimensionality, overall fit to the Rasch model, measurement bias (Differential Item Functioning, DIF), targeting, and construct validity.ResultsThe four‐item Pain Impact Index was self‐completed by 6454 community‐dwelling Australians who were aged at least 70 years and experienced pain on most days. Two items showed evidence of threshold disordering, and this was resolved by collapsing response categories (from 5 to 3) for all items. The rescored Index conformed to the unidimensionality assumption and had satisfactory fit with the Rasch model (analyses conducted on a reduced sample size to mitigate the potential for overpowering: n = 377, P > 0.0125, power > 77%). When considering uniform DIF, the most frequent sources of measurement bias were age, knee pain, and upper back pain. When considering nonuniform DIF, the most frequent source of measurement bias was knee pain. The Index had good ability to differentiate between respondents with different levels of pain impact and had highest measurement precision for respondents located around the average level of pain impact in the study sample. Both convergent and discriminant validity of the Index were supported.ConclusionThe Pain Impact Index showed evidence of unidimensionality, was able to successfully differentiate between levels of pain impact, and had good evidence of construct validity.
Dynamic thermal imaging confirms local but not fast systemic ABA responses
Authors: Hõrak Hanna , Fountain Luke , Dunn Jessica A. , Landymore Joanna , Gray Julie E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) signals regulating stomatal aperture and water loss are usually studied in detached leaves or isolated epidermal peels and at infrequent timepoints. Measuring stomatal ABA responses in attached leaves across a time course enables the study of stomatal behaviour in the physiological context of the plant. Infrared thermal imaging is often used to characterize steady‐state stomatal conductance via comparisons of leaf surface temperature but is rarely used to capture stomatal responses over time or across different leaf surfaces. We used dynamic thermal imaging as a robust, but sensitive, tool to observe stomatal ABA responses in a whole plant context. We detected stomatal responses to low levels of ABA in both monocots and dicots and identified differences between the responses of different leaves. Using whole plant thermal imaging, stomata did not always behave as described previously for detached samples: in Arabidopsis, we found no evidence for fast systemic ABA‐induced stomatal closure, and in barley, we observed no requirement for exogenous nitrate during ABA‐induced stomatal closure. Thus, we recommend dynamic thermal imaging as a useful approach to complement detached sample assays for the study of local and systemic stomatal responses and molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal responses to ABA in the whole plant context.
Third trimester maternal vitamin D and early childhood socioemotional development
Authors: Francis Ellen C. , Charron Elizabeth , Li Mengying , Chen Liwei , Mayo Rachel , Butler Linda S. , Rennert Lior 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether maternal vitamin D affects offspring socioemotional development in early childhood has been underexplored.ObjectivesThis study examined associations between maternal vitamin D during in the 3rd trimester and offspring socioemotional development between 30 and 59 months.MethodsData from 87 maternal‐offspring pairs enrolled in the National Children's Study were used. Total plasma maternal vitamin D (25‐hydroxyergocalciferol + 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol) was measured between 28 and 35 gestational weeks and categorised as quartiles (Q). Multivariable regression models, adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]), were used to estimate the association between vitamin D and offspring scores on the Brief Infant‐Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA).ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) vitamin D concentration was 86.5 (27.8) nmol/L. The median (range) BITSEA problem score was 6.0 (0.0‐30.0), and competence score was 19.0 (7.0‐22.0). Maternal vitamin D was inversely related to offspring problem scores. Compared to offspring of women with 25(OH)D in Q1, offspring problem scores were −4.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] −8.29, −1.33) units lower for Q2 vs Q1, −5.64 (95% CI −9.60, −1.68) units lower for Q3 vs Q1, and −4.70 (95% CI −8.59, −0.82) units lower for Q4 vs Q1. Vitamin D was not associated with offspring competence score.ConclusionsHigher maternal vitamin D was associated with lower offspring behaviour problems and not associated with socioemotional competence. These data indicate the association of maternal vitamin D and offspring development may be dependent on the specific developmental component being investigated.
How have older adults reacted to coronavirus disease 2019?
Authors: Cigiloglu Ahmet , Ozturk Zeynel Abidin , Efendioglu Eyyup Murat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimOutbreaks have a wide spectrum of psychosocial impact on individuals. This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial effects of measures to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus disease on older adults in Turkey.MethodsA survey was conducted of 104 adults who had to stay at home during the pandemic. Participants’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, nutritional status, health‐related quality of life, and sleep quality were assessed.ResultsThe frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 37.5% and 29.8%, respectively. The frequency of depressive symptoms was higher in women, individuals age ≥85 years, and those with less education and low monthly income. Anxiety symptom frequency was also higher in women and those with less education and low monthly income. Quality of life and sleep were worse in those with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first published study to investigate the effect of a pandemic on the mood, anxiety symptoms, nutrition status, quality of life, and sleep of older adults during the pandemic period. Our findings indicate the importance of psychosocial support in older individuals during and after the pandemic period.
Association between CRT(D)/ICD and renal insufficiency: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Jin‐Yu , Zhu Yu‐Shan , Li Zi‐Meng , Li Ku‐Lin , Wang Ru‐Xing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator (CRT(D)) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) may reduce the risk of arrhythmia or heart failure‐specific mortality and improves the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or dialysis. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis investigating the relationship between CRT(D)/ICD and renal insufficiency. Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Pubmed were systematically searched from inception to 29 October 2019. We included studies that report all‐cause mortality of patients with renal insufficiency who received CRT(D)/ICD therapy. Twenty‐six studies (n = 119,263) were included, exploring the relationship between CRT(D)/ICD and renal insufficiency from two aspects: (1) Compared with ICD‐only, CRT(D) was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality in CKD patients (odds ratios (OR) = 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60 to 0.75). For non‐primary prevention (secondary prevention or both), the analysis revealed a lower risk of all‐cause mortality in the ICD group than in the no‐ICD group (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.55). (2) CKD increased all‐cause mortality in comparison with control group (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.85 to 2.44), and so did dialysis (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 2.34 to 2.73). Furthermore, compared with CKD3 (eGFR: 30‐59 ml/min/1.73 m2), CKD4/5 (eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2) was observed to have a significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality (OR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.93 to 3.80). This review shows a clear association between CRT(D)/ICD and renal insufficiency in the aspect of all‐cause mortality, and may provide a reference for the clinical application of CRT(D)/ICD.
Human‐horse sensory engagement through horse archery
Authors: Fijn Natasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Mongol horse stems from ancient stock, similar to the first horses ridden on the Central Asian grassland steppe. Mongol horses subsequently migrated with their human counterparts throughout Eurasia, as far to the east as Japan. During archery festivals in Japan, horses gallop along a narrow runway within a temple complex in the heavily populated city of Kyoto. In Mongolia, with the recent re‐emergence of the ancient practice, horse and rider still gallop across the expansive grassland steppe. The euphoria one feels in riding fast on horseback with the wind against one's face can be symbolised by the concept of khii mor’ in Mongolia, which is connected with the vitality between human and horse in the practice of horse archery. Through sensory ethnography, in combination with multi‐species ethnography, this article explores embodiment between horse and rider in two quite different socio‐ecological contexts.
Screening of at‐risk blood donors for Chagas disease in non‐endemic countries: Lessons from a 2‐year experience in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Mangano Valentina D. , Prato Marco , Marvelli Antonella , Moscato Giovanna , Bruschi Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by blood‐sucking triatomine insects in endemic areas of Latin America. Transmission can also occur via blood transfusion and is a major cause of CD in non‐endemic areas.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anti‐T. cruzi antibodies in blood donors at risk of infection in Tuscany, Italy, following the introduction of blood safety Italian legislation.Material and methodsDonors (N = 1985) were tested in 2016 to 2018 for anti‐T. cruzi IgG using an immunochromatographic test (ICT). Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was performed on ICT‐positive donors to exclude CD, whereas enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were performed in case of discordant results. All assays were performed on CD patients (N = 10) for validation.ResultsTen blood donors had a positive ICT result, with a resulting T. cruzi seroprevalence of 0.5% but demonstrated negative results to CLIA, as well as to the other serological assays. The comparison of serological assays suggested a lower relative sensitivity of ICT.ConclusionThe results of this study confirm the significance of serological testing in the screening strategy for CD. However, they provide evidence for discontinuing the use of ICT as a screening test and suggest that a sensitive, specific and multi‐sample format assay should be used at the national level for uniformity of results.
Clinical ophthalmological diagnostic description of 10 healthy sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) and prevalence of ocular‐related presentations in a larger hospital population
Authors: Fraess Garrett A. , Sadar Miranda J. , Daniels Joshua B. , Sharkey Leslie C. , Henriksen Michala de Linde 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide reference values for ocular examination and diagnostics in ophthalmologically normal sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps). To retrospectively determine the prevalence of ocular diseases in sugar gliders presenting to a single institution.AnimalsTen client owned and 106 previously evaluated sugar gliders.ProcedureA descriptive study evaluated sugar gliders presented to Colorado State University's Avian, Exotics, and Zoological Medicine Service (CSU‐AEZ) from August‐2019 to January‐2020. A complete ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test II (STT II), phenol red threat test (PRTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) via rebound tonometry, fluorescein, and rose bengal stain was performed under anesthesia. Conjunctival aerobic culture swabs and cytology were collected prior to ophthalmic evaluation. A retrospective review of medical records of sugar gliders presented to CSU‐AEZ from 2008 to 2018 for ocular disease was performed.ResultsMean values ± standard deviation for selected diagnostics included the following: STT II: 2.2 ± 6.7 mm/min; PRTT: 0 ± 0 mm/15 s; IOP: 12 ± 2.6 mm Hg. Fluorescein and rose bengal staining highlighted corneal abrasions secondary to tear testing. The three most common conjunctival bacterial isolates cultured were Staphylococcus spp. (3/20, 15%), Coryneform spp. (3/20, 15%), and unidentified Gram‐positive cocci (3/20, 15%). Retrospective analysis revealed ocular diseases to be the third most common abnormality resulting in sugar glider presentations (13/106, 12.3%).ConclusionThis descriptive study gives reference values for IOP, conjunctival microbiology, and cytology for sugar gliders. STT II and PRTT provide little clinical value in sugar gliders. The retrospective study revealed that ocular abnormalities, often secondary to dental disease, are a common reason for presentation.