bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Eocene high-flux magmatism and concurrent high-temperature metamorphism in the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet
Authors: Ma Xuxuan , Xu Zhiqin , Meert Joseph G. , Tian Zuolin , Li Haibing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Himalayan-Tibetan orogen represents one of the major Cenozoic tectonic features on Earth, and yet considerable debate continues over the timing and sequence of collisional events leading to its formation. In this contribution, we present new field relations, petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and phase equilibria modeling in the Gangdese belt of southern Tibet in an effort to address Indo-Asian collisional events in the region. These investigations reveal that the dominantly dioritic Nymo intrusive complex was formed at ca. 50–47 Ma. We establish that the Jurassic-aged Bima volcano-sedimentary sequence underwent early Eocene (50–47 Ma) high-temperature (HT) amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Petrology and phase equilibria modeling of garnet-biotite schists in the Bima rocks reveals mineral assemblages of melt + plagioclase + garnet + biotite + magnetite + ilmenite + sillimanite formed under conditions of 5.3–7.5 kbar and 700–800 °C. We contend that the early Eocene Nymo intrusive complex represents part of the ca. 50 Ma high-flux magmatic “flare-up” that triggered the HT amphibolite-facies metamorphism within the overlying plate during Indo-Asian collision. The synchroneity of high-flux magmatism and HT metamorphism in the Gangdese belt roughly coincided with the continuing Indo-Asian collisional process, implying the early Eocene closure of the Neotethys Ocean along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane.
Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Nigatu Solomon Gedlu 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveAlthough the rate of stillbirth has decreased globally, it remains unacceptably high in developing countries. Today, only 10 countries share the burden of more than 65% of the global rate of stillbirth and these include Ethiopia. Ethiopia ranks seventh in terms of high rate of stillbirths. Exploring the spatial distribution of stillbirth is critical to developing successful interventions and monitoring public health programmes. However, there is no study on the spatial distribution and the associated factors of stillbirth in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and the associated factors of stillbirth.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 11 375 women were included in the analysis. The Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan V.9.6 to identify hotspot areas and ArcGIS V.10.6 to explore the spatial distribution of stillbirth. For associated factors, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted using STATA V.14 software. Variables with a p value of less than 0.2 were considered for the multivariable multilevel analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was reported to reveal significantly associated factors of stillbirth.ResultsThe spatial analysis showed that stillbirth has significant spatial variation across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified significant primary clusters of stillbirth in the Northeast Somali region (log likelihood ratio (LLR)=13.4, p<0.001) and secondary clusters in the border area of Oromia and Amhara regions (LLR=8.8, p<0.05). In the multilevel analysis, rural residence (AOR=4.83, 95% CI 1.44 to 16.19), primary education (AOR=0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.74), no antenatal care (ANC) visit (AOR=2.77, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.51), caesarean delivery (AOR=5.07, 95% CI 1.65 to 15.58), birth interval <24 months (AOR=1.95, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.10) and height <150 cm (AOR=2.73, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.97) were significantly associated with stillbirth.Conclusion and recommendationIn Ethiopia, stillbirth had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, maternal stature, preceding birth interval, caesarean delivery, education and ANC visit were significantly associated with stillbirth. Therefore, public health interventions that enhance maternal healthcare service utilisation and maternal education in hotspot areas of stillbirth are crucial to reducing stillbirth in Ethiopia.
Effect of ambient air pollution on the incidence of colorectal cancer among a diabetic population: a nationwide nested case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Ma Jen-Wen , Lai Ting-Ju , Hu Sung-Yuan , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Ho Wen-Chao , Tsan Yu-Tse 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesAn increasing number of studies had shown that air pollution exposure may aggravate blood glucose control in patients with diabetes, an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) proposed by some researchers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the incidence of CRC among a diabetic population.DesignA nested case–control study.SettingA subset data retrieved from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsWe identified patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n=1 164 962) during 1999–2013. Participants who had subsequently developed an incident of CRC were placed into the case group, while controls were matched to the cases at a 4:1 ratio by age, gender, date of diabetes diagnosis and the index date of CRC diagnosis.Methods and outcome measuresAll variables associated with the risk of CRC entered into a multinomial logistic regression model. The dose–response relationship between various average concentrations of PM2.5exposure and the incidence of CRC was estimated by logistic regression.ResultsThe study included a total of 7719 incident CRC cases matched with 30 876 controls of random sampling. The mean annual concentration of PM2.5was 35.3 µg/m3. After adjusting for potential confounders, a dose–response relationship was observed between the CRC risks and each interquartile increase of PM2.5concentration (Q1–Q2: 1.03 (0.95–1.11), Q2–Q3: 1.06 (0.98–1.15), ≥Q3: 1.19 (1.10–1.28) in model 2. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of CRC incidence for each 10 µg/m3increment of PM2.5was 1.08 (1.04–1.11). Moreover, a faster growing adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) score was noticed in CRC group compared with the controls, which also showed a significant association in our multivariate analysis (adjusted OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.38).ConclusionsLong-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5may contribute to an increased incidence of CRC among diabetic populations.
Lasers to prevent dental caries: a systematic review
Authors: Pagano Stefano , Lombardo Guido , Orso Massimiliano , Abraha Iosief , Capobianco Benito , Cianetti Stefano 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of lasers (at sub-ablative parameters) in reducing caries incidence compared with traditional prophylactic interventions (TPIs) when used alone or together with other TPIs such as pits and fissures sealant or fluoride gels or varnishes.DesignA systematic review. Data sources include Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (December 2019).Eligibility criteriaOnly randomised trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) dealing with prophylactic lasers use (vs TPI or untreated teeth) were considered as eligible. We excluded in vitro and ex vivo studies.Data extractionEligible studies were selected and data extracted independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed adopting the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data on caries incidence, sealant retention, fluoride uptake, adverse events, treatment duration, patients’ discomfort and cost-effectiveness ratio was extracted.Data analysisExtracted data were presented narratively due to the heterogeneity of included studies.ResultsSeven RCTs and two CCTs, all with an evident risk of bias, met inclusion criteria, pooling together 269 individuals and 1628 teeth. CO2, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) and Argon lasers were used. In the permanent dentition, lasers only when used in combination with TPIs were effective in reducing caries when compared with untreated teeth (risk ratio (RR)=0.44 (0.20–0.97); Er:YAG laser) or with TPIs used alone (RR=0.39 (0.22–0.71); CO2laser). Moreover, Argon laser significantly improved the fluoride uptake into the enamel surfaces (ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) tests: 95%, p<0.0001). Likewise, sealant retention improved when acid etching was performed on previously irradiated enamel fissures by CO2laser (RR=0.63 (0.38–1.04)) or Er:YAG laser (RR=0.54 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.87)). In addition, laser resulted safe and well tolerated by patients.ConclusionDespite some positive indications, an inadequate level of evidence was found in the included studies concerning the lasers’ effectiveness in preventing caries. Further studies with a higher methodological quality level are required.
NutriQuébec: a unique web-based prospective cohort study to monitor the population’s eating and other lifestyle behaviours in the province of Québec
Authors: Lapointe Annie , Laramée Catherine , Belanger-Gravel Ariane , Buckeridge David L , Desroches Sophie , Garriguet Didier , Gauvin Lise , Lemieux Simone , Plante Céline , Lamarche Benoit 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe epidemic of non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is attributable in large part to unhealthy eating and physical inactivity. In the fall of 2016, the Québec government launched its first-ever Government Health Prevention Policy (Politique gouvernementale de prévention en santé (PGPS)) to influence factors that lead to improved health status and quality of life as well as reduced social inequalities in health in the population of Québec. NutriQuébec is a web-based prospective open cohort study whose primary aim is to provide essential data for the evaluation of the PGPS on the Québec population’s eating and other lifestyle behaviours over time.Methods and analysisOver a first phase of 3 years, NutriQuébec will enrol 20 000 adults living in the province of Québec in Canada through a multimedia campaign designed to reach different segments of the population, including subgroups with lower socioeconomic status. Participants will be invited to complete on a web platform nine core questionnaires on a yearly basis. Questionnaires will assess several dimensions related to lifestyle, including eating and physical activity behaviours, as well as a large number of personal characteristics and global health status. Temporal trends in eating and lifestyle behaviours will be analysed in relation to the implementation of the PGPS to provide essential data for its evaluation at a population level. Data analyses will use sociodemographic weights to adjust responses of participants to achieve, so far as is possible, representativeness of the adult Québec population.Ethics and disseminationUniversité Laval Research Ethics Board approved the NutriQuébec project. Data analysis, presentations in conferences and publication of manuscripts are scheduled to start in 2020.Trial registration numberNCT04140071.
Mitochondrial molecular genetic results in a South African cohort: divergent mitochondrial and nuclear DNA findings
Authors: Meldau Surita , Owen Elizabeth Patricia , Khan Kashief , Riordan Gillian Tracy 
Published: October 2020

AimsMitochondrial diseases form one of the largest groups of inborn errors of metabolism. The birth prevalence is approximately 1/5000 in well-studied populations, but little has been reported from Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the genetics underlying mitochondrial disease in South Africa.MethodsAn audit was performed on all mitochondrial disease genetic testing performed in Cape Town, South Africa.ResultsOf 1614 samples tested for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) variants in South Africa between 1994 and 2019, there were 155 (9.6 %) positive results. Pathogenic mtDNA variants accounted for 113 (73%)/155, from 96 families. Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, 37 (33%)/113, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, 26 (23%)/113, and single large mtDNA deletions, 22 (20%)/113, accounted for 76%. Thirty eight of 42 nDNA-positive results were homozygous for theMPV17pathogenic variant c.106C>T (p.[Gln36Ter, Ser25Profs*49]) causing infantile neurohepatopathy, one of the largest homozygous groups reported in the literature. The other nDNA variants were inTAZ1, CPT2, BOLA3andSERAC1. None were identified inSURF1, POLGorPDHA1.ConclusionsFinding a large group with a homozygous nuclear pathogenic variant emphasises the importance of looking for possible founder effects. The absence of other widely described pathogenic nDNA variants in this cohort may be due to reduced prevalence or insufficient testing. As advances in therapeutics develop, it is critical to develop diagnostic platforms on the African subcontinent so that population-specific genetic variations can be identified.
Electrical stimulation for seizure induction during SEEG exploration: a useful predictor of postoperative seizure recurrence?
Authors: Trebuchon Agnes , Racila Renata , Cardinale Francesco , Lagarde Stanislas , McGonigal Aileen , Lo Russo Giorgio , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Mai Roberto , Chauvel Patrick , Bartolomei Fabrice , Francione Stefano 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveDirect electrical stimulations of cerebral cortex are a traditional part of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) practice, but their value as a predictive factor for seizure outcome has never been carefully investigated.Patients and methodWe retrospectively analysed a cohort of 346 patients operated on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy after SEEG exploration. As potential predictors we included: aetiology, MRI data, age of onset, duration of epilepsy, age at surgery, topography of surgery and whether a seizure was induced by either low frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) or high frequency electrical stimulation.ResultsOf 346 patients, 63.6% had good outcome (no seizure recurrence, Engel I). Univariate analysis demonstrated significant correlation with favourable outcome (Engel I) for: aetiology, positive MRI and seizure induced by stimulation. At multivariate analysis, informative MRI, type II focal cortical dysplasia and tumour reduced the risk of seizure recurrence (SR) by 47%, 58% and 81%, respectively. Compared with the absence of induced seizures, the occurrence of ictal events after LFS significantly predicts a favourable outcome on seizures, with only 44% chance of disabling SR at last follow-up.ConclusionAmong the already known predictors outcome, seizure induction by LFS therefore represents a positive predictive factor for seizure outcome after surgery.
Identification of early-stage silicosis through health screening of stone benchtop industry workers in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hoy Ryan F , Glass Deborah C , Dimitriadis Christina , Hansen Jessy , Hore-Lacy Fiona , Sim Malcolm R 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe popularity of high silica content artificial stone has been associated with emergence of severe, progressive silicosis as a major health issue affecting workers in the stone benchtop industry. This population-based health assessment programme has been implemented with the aim of identifcation of silica-associated disease at a preclinical stage.MethodsAll current and former workers from the stone benchtop industry in the State of Victoria are offered free health assessments. Primary evaluations include a standardised questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry and gas transfer assessment and International Labour Organisation-categorised chest X-ray. Secondary evaluations include high-resolution CT chest, blood tests and a respiratory physician evaluation.ResultsAt the end of the first 12 months, 86/239 (36%) workers who had completed secondary evaluation were diagnosed with silicosis (65 simple silicosis and 21 complicated silicosis). 22 had worked in the industry for less than 10 years at the time of diagnosis. Of those with simple silicosis, 80% of workers reported breathlessness only with strenuous exercise (modified Medical Research Council score of 0), and lung function was well preserved (prebronchodilator forced vital capacity mean 99.8% predicted (SD 13.6), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide mean 96.2% predicted (SD 18.0)). Antinuclear antibodies were detected in 37% with silicosis and 24% without silicosis.ConclusionEarly results from this comprehensive health assessment programme have indicated a high proportion of referred artificial stone benchtop workers have silicosis, including many with early-stage disease. The common finding of antinuclear antibodies suggest significant potential for autoimmune disease in this occupational group.
Virtual risk assessment pathway for deep venous thrombosis: a preliminary model
Authors: Iyengar Karthikeyan P , Jain Vijay Kumar , Soni Manjusha , Hakim Zuned 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has necessitated the reduction in conventional face-to-face patient consultation to reduce the risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Traditional pathways to risk assess for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) would involve face-to-face assessment to formulate an appropriate management plan following an initial presentation usually in secondary care or in-hospital settings. Appropriate antithrombotic measures can prevent complication of DVT such as pulmonary embolism with prompt early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThis observational, pilot study evaluates the possibility of combining telemedicine technology and a virtual examination pathway for remote triage and assessment of patients with suspected DVT.ResultsPiloting and development of a virtual risk assessment pathway for DVT involves various challenges and multidisciplinary co-ordination.ConclusionAdvances in telecommunication technology can enable clinicians, specialist nurses and hospital departments to develop a virtual examination pathway for remote triage and assessment of patients with suspected DVT. This pathway is not a replacement for conventional ‘face-to-face’ evaluation, but we believe the template can be explored and refined to act as a blueprint for future applications even when the pandemic has stabilised.
Will vaccination refusal prolong the war on SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Marcec Robert , Majta Matea , Likic Robert 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that appeared in Wuhan, China in January 2020 and caused a global pandemic drastically changing everyday life. Currently, there are vaccine candidates in clinical trials and development, so it is only a matter of time before one is authorised for human use.Materials and methodsWe collected public opinion survey results about attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination conducted in 2020 in 26 European countries.ResultsThe pooled surveys were conducted on a total of 24 970 participants; on average only 58% (n=14 365/24 970) of responders across Europe were willing to get a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine once it becomes available, 16% (n=3998/24 970) were neutral, and 26% (n=6607/24 970) were not planning to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2. Such a low vaccination response could make it exceedingly difficult to reach the herd immunity threshold for SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination.ConclusionIt is very important to start conducting educational public health activities on the topic of vaccination as soon as possible, before a vaccine becomes available, in order to improve attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Only by educating the general public about the benefits, safety and efficacy of vaccines can we hope to avoid the unnecessary prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Seismic fragility assessment of bridge piers incorporating high-strength steel reinforcement and concrete under near-fault ground motions
Authors: Aldabagh Saif , Khan Saqib , Alam M. Shahria 
Published: October 2020

Design codes in the United States and Canada limit the use of high-strength steel (HSS) and high-strength concrete (HSC) to bridge components that are expected to remain elastic during a seismic event. Although HSS and HSC have higher tensile and compressive strengths, respectively, their lower inelastic strain capacities impose for such restrictions. To assess the seismic performance of HSS and HSC, the pier of an existing bridge is redesigned using concrete compressive strength of 50 and 80 MPa, and reinforcement yield strength of 420, 690, and 830 MPa. Static pushover and nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses were performed to generate force–deformation and seismic fragility curves. Bridge piers incorporating HSS and HSC attained the maximum load capacity yet were the least ductile. They were less seismically vulnerable than those incorporating conventional materials at minimal and repairable damage states, but not at extensive and probable replacement damage states.
BRIP1, a Gene Potentially Implicated in Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X
Authors: Martín-Morales Lorena , Garre Pilar , Lorca Víctor , Cazorla Marta , Llovet Patricia , Bando Inmaculada , García-Barberan Vanesa , González-Morales María Luisa , Esteban-Jurado Clara , de la Hoya Miguel , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Caldés Trinidad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Familial colorectal cancer Type X (FCCTX) comprises a heterogeneous group of families with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and other related tumors, but with mismatch repair–proficient, microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. Unfortunately, the genetic basis underlying their cancer predisposition remains unknown. Although pathogenic germline variants in BRIP1 increase the risk of developing hereditary ovarian cancer, the involvement of BRIP1 in hereditary colorectal cancer is still not well known. In order to identify new BRIP1 variants associated with inherited colorectal cancer, affected and nonaffected individuals from 18 FCCTX or high-risk MSS colorectal cancer families were evaluated by whole-exome sequencing, and another 62 colorectal cancer patients from FCCTX or high-risk MSS colorectal cancer families were screened by a next-generation sequencing (NGS) multigene panel. The families were recruited at the Genetic Counseling Unit of Hospital Clínico San Carlos of Madrid. A total of three different BRIP1 mutations in three unrelated families were identified. Among them, there were two frameshift variants [c.1702_1703del, p.(Asn568TrpfsTer9) and c.903del, p.(Leu301PhefsTer2)] that result in the truncation of the protein and are thus classified as pathogenic (class 5). The remaining was a missense variant [c.2220G&gt;T, p.(Gln740His)] considered a variant of uncertain significance (class 3). The segregation and loss-of-heterozygosity studies provide evidence linking the two BRIP1 frameshift variants to colorectal cancer risk, with suggestive but not definitive evidence that the third variant may be benign. The results here presented suggest that germline BRIP1 pathogenic variants could be associated with hereditary colorectal cancer predisposition.
Prevention Relevance: We suggest that BRIP1 pathogenic germline variants may have a causal role in CRC as moderate cancer susceptibility alleles and be associated with hereditary CRC predisposition. A better understanding of hereditary CRC may provide important clues to disease predisposition and could contribute to molecular diagnostics, improved risk stratification, and targeted therapeutic strategies.