bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the Analysis of Interfaces and Grain Boundaries by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Jenkins Benjamin M. , Danoix Frédéric , Gouné Mohamed , Bagot Paul A.J. , Peng Zirong , Moody Michael P. , Gault Baptiste 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInterfaces play critical roles in materials and are usually both structurally and compositionally complex microstructural features. The precise characterization of their nature in three-dimensions at the atomic scale is one of the grand challenges for microscopy and microanalysis, as this information is crucial to establish structure–property relationships. Atom probe tomography is well suited to analyzing the chemistry of interfaces at the nanoscale. However, optimizing such microanalysis of interfaces requires great care in the implementation across all aspects of the technique from specimen preparation to data analysis and ultimately the interpretation of this information. This article provides critical perspectives on key aspects pertaining to spatial resolution limits and the issues with the compositional analysis that can limit the quantification of interface measurements. Here, we use the example of grain boundaries in steels; however, the results are applicable for the characterization of grain boundaries and transformation interfaces in a very wide range of industrially relevant engineering materials.
ON THE REGULARITY OF SETS IN RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS
Authors: SEPAHVAND A. , BARANI A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of the normal (tangential) regularity of a closed set and the subdifferential (directional) regularity of its distance function in the context of Riemannian manifolds. The Clarke, Fréchet and proximal subdifferentials of the distance function from a closed subset in a Riemannian manifold are represented by corresponding normal cones of the set.
ISOMORPHISMS UP TO BOUNDED TORSION BETWEEN RELATIVE -GROUPS AND CHOW GROUPS WITH MODULUS
Authors: Iwasa Ryomei , Kai Wataru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this note is to establish isomorphisms up to bounded torsion between relative $K_{0}$-groups and Chow groups with modulus as defined by Binda and Saito.
Characterization of Iron and Organic Carbon Colloids in Boreal Rivers and Their Fate at High Salinity
Authors: Herzog Simon David , Gentile Luigi , Olsson Ulf , Persson Per , Kritzberg Emma Sofia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRiverine colloids are important carriers of macronutrients, trace metals, and pollutants into marine waters. The aim of the current study was to extend the understanding of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) colloids in boreal rivers and their fate at higher salinities. X‐ray absorbance spectroscopy (XAS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were combined to explore Fe speciation and colloidal characteristics such as size and surface charge and how these are affected at increasing salinity. XAS confirmed the presence of two Fe phases in the river waters—Fe‐organic matter (OM) complexes and Fe(oxy)hydroxides. From DLS measurements on filtered and unfiltered samples, three particle size distributions were identified. The smallest particles (10–40 nm) were positively charged and suggested to consist of essentially bare Fe(oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles. The largest particles (300–900 nm) were dominated by Fe(oxy)hydroxides associated with chromophoric molecular matter. An intermediate size distribution (100–200 nm) with a negative surface charge was presumably dominated by OM and containing Fe‐OM complexes. Increasing the salinity resulted in a removal of the smallest distribution. Unexpectedly, both the intermediate and largest size distributions were still detected at high salinity. The collective results suggest that Fe(oxy)hydroxides and Fe‐OM complexes are both found across the wide size range studied and that colloidal size does not necessarily reflect either Fe speciation or stability toward salinity‐induced aggregation. The findings further demonstrate that also particles beyond the typically studied <0.45‐μm size range should be considered to fully understand the riverine transport and fate of macronutrients, trace metals, and pollutants.
Topological edge states of interacting photon pairs emulated in a topolectrical circuit
Authors: Olekhno Nikita A. , Kretov Egor I. , Stepanenko Andrei A. , Ivanova Polina A. , Yaroshenko Vitaly V. , Puhtina Ekaterina M. , Filonov Dmitry S. , Cappello Barbara , Matekovits Ladislau , Gorlach Maxim A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTopological physics opens up a plethora of exciting phenomena allowing to engineer disorder-robust unidirectional flows of light. Recent advances in topological protection of electromagnetic waves suggest that even richer functionalities can be achieved by realizing topological states of quantum light. This area, however, remains largely uncharted due to the number of experimental challenges. Here, we take an alternative route and design a classical structure based on topolectrical circuits which serves as a simulator of a quantum-optical one-dimensional system featuring the topological state of two photons induced by the effective photon-photon interaction. Employing the correspondence between the eigenstates of the original problem and circuit modes, we use the designed simulator to extract the frequencies of bulk and edge two-photon bound states and evaluate the topological invariant directly from the measurements. Furthermore, we perform a reconstruction of the two-photon probability distribution for the topological state associated with one of the circuit eigenmodes.
CO2 controls the oriented growth of metal-organic framework with highly accessible active sites
Authors: Zhang Fanyu , Zhang Jianling , Zhang Bingxing , Zheng Lirong , Cheng Xiuyan , Wan Qiang , Han Buxing , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe production of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with highly exposed active surfaces is of great importance for catalysis. Here we demonstrate the formation of MOF nanosheets by utilizing CO2 as a capping agent to control the oriented growth of MOF. This strategy has many advantages over the conventional methods. For example, it is template-free and proceeds at mild temperature (35 °C), CO2 can be easily removed by depressurization, and the properties of the MOF nanosheets can be well adjusted by changing CO2 pressure. Such a simple, rapid, efficient and adjustable route produces MOF nanosheets with ultrathin thickness (∼10 nm), small lateral size (∼100 nm) and abundant unsaturated coordination metal sites on surfaces. Owing to these unique features, the as-synthesized MOF nanosheets exhibit superior activity for catalyzing the oxidation reactions of alcohols.
The base of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, predates the end-Permian marine extinction
Authors: Gastaldo Robert A. , Kamo Sandra L. , Neveling Johann , Geissman John W. , Looy Cindy V. , Martini Anna M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current model for the end-Permian terrestrial ecosystem crisis holds that systematic loss exhibited by an abrupt turnover from the Daptocephalus to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (AZ; Karoo Basin, South Africa) is time equivalent with the marine Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB). The marine event began at 251.941 ± 0.037 Ma, with the PTB placed at 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma (2σ). Radio-isotopic dates over this interval in the Karoo Basin were limited to one high resolution ash-fall deposit in the upper Daptocephalus AZ (253.48 ± 0.15 (2σ) Ma) with no similar age constraints for the overlying biozone. Here, we present the first U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon age (252.24 ± 0.11 (2σ) Ma) from a pristine ash-fall deposit in the Karoo Lystrosaurus AZ. This date confirms that the lower exposures of the Lystrosaurus AZ are of latest Permian age and that the purported turnover in the basin preceded the end-Permian marine event by over 300 ka, thus refuting the previously used stratigraphic marker for terrestrial end-Permian extinction.
Sub-nanosecond memristor based on ferroelectric tunnel junction
Authors: Ma Chao , Luo Zhen , Huang Weichuan , Zhao Letian , Chen Qiaoling , Lin Yue , Liu Xiang , Chen Zhiwei , Liu Chuanchuan , Sun Haoyang , Jin Xi , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNext-generation non-volatile memories with ultrafast speed, low power consumption, and high density are highly desired in the era of big data. Here, we report a high performance memristor based on a Ag/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) with the fastest operation speed (600 ps) and the highest number of states (32 states or 5 bits) per cell among the reported FTJs. The sub-nanosecond resistive switching maintains up to 358 K, and the write current density is as low as 4 × 103 A cm−2. The functionality of spike-timing-dependent plasticity served as a solid synaptic device is also obtained with ultrafast operation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a Nb:SrTiO3 electrode with a higher carrier concentration and a metal electrode with lower work function tend to improve the operation speed. These results may throw light on the way for overcoming the storage performance gap between different levels of the memory hierarchy and developing ultrafast neuromorphic computing systems.
A single-progenitor model as the unifying paradigm of epidermal and esophageal epithelial maintenance in mice
Authors: Piedrafita Gabriel , Kostiou Vasiliki , Wabik Agnieszka , Colom Bartomeu , Fernandez-Antoran David , Herms Albert , Murai Kasumi , Hall Benjamin A. , Jones Philip H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn adult skin epidermis and the epithelium lining the esophagus cells are constantly shed from the tissue surface and replaced by cell division. Tracking genetically labelled cells in transgenic mice has given insight into cell behavior, but conflicting models appear consistent with the results. Here, we use an additional transgenic assay to follow cell division in mouse esophagus and the epidermis at multiple body sites. We find that proliferating cells divide at a similar rate, and place bounds on the distribution cell cycle times. By including these results in a common analytic approach, we show that data from eight lineage tracing experiments is consistent with tissue maintenance by a single population of proliferating cells. The outcome of a given cell division is unpredictable but, on average, the likelihood of producing proliferating and differentiating cells is equal, ensuring cellular homeostasis. These findings are key to understanding squamous epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
On-the-fly active learning of interpretable Bayesian force fields for atomistic rare events
Authors: Vandermause Jonathan , Torrisi Steven B. , Batzner Simon , Xie Yu , Sun Lixin , Kolpak Alexie M. , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMachine learned force fields typically require manual construction of training sets consisting of thousands of first principles calculations, which can result in low training efficiency and unpredictable errors when applied to structures not represented in the training set of the model. This severely limits the practical application of these models in systems with dynamics governed by important rare events, such as chemical reactions and diffusion. We present an adaptive Bayesian inference method for automating the training of interpretable, low-dimensional, and multi-element interatomic force fields using structures drawn on the fly from molecular dynamics simulations. Within an active learning framework, the internal uncertainty of a Gaussian process regression model is used to decide whether to accept the model prediction or to perform a first principles calculation to augment the training set of the model. The method is applied to a range of single- and multi-element systems and shown to achieve a favorable balance of accuracy and computational efficiency, while requiring a minimal amount of ab initio training data. We provide a fully open-source implementation of our method, as well as a procedure to map trained models to computationally efficient tabulated force fields.
RAB5A and TRAPPC6B are novel targets for Shiga toxin 2a inactivation in kidney epithelial cells
Authors: Kouzel Ivan U. , Kehl Alexander , Berger Petya , Liashkovich Ivan , Steil Daniel , Makalowski Wojciech , Suzuki Yutaka , Pohlentz Gottfried , Karch Helge , Mellmann Alexander , Müthing Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cardinal virulence factor of human-pathogenic enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is Shiga toxin (Stx), which causes severe extraintestinal complications including kidney failure by damaging renal endothelial cells. In EHEC pathogenesis, the disturbance of the kidney epithelium by Stx becomes increasingly recognised, but how this exactly occurs is unknown. To explore this molecularly, we investigated the Stx receptor content and transcriptomic profile of two human renal epithelial cell lines: highly Stx-sensitive ACHN cells and largely Stx-insensitive Caki-2 cells. Though both lines exhibited the Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide, RNAseq revealed strikingly different transcriptomic responses to an Stx challenge. Using RNAi to silence factors involved in ACHN cells’ Stx response, the greatest protection occurred when silencing RAB5A and TRAPPC6B, two host factors that we newly link to Stx trafficking. Silencing these factors alongside YKT6 fully prevented the cytotoxic Stx effect. Overall, our approach reveals novel subcellular targets for potential therapies against Stx-mediated kidney failure.
First evidence of anticancer and antimicrobial activity in Mediterranean mesopelagic species
Authors: Lauritano Chiara , Martínez Kevin A. , Battaglia Pietro , Granata Antonia , de la Cruz Mercedes , Cautain Bastien , Martín Jesús , Reyes Fernando , Ianora Adrianna , Guglielmo Letterio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMesopelagic organisms form huge biomass aggregations, supporting important pelagic trophic webs and several top predators. Although some studies on the occurrence, biology and ecology of these organisms are available, to date there are no investigations on their potential use for anticancer and antimicrobial biotechnological applications. The aim of this study was to screen extracts of seven mesopelagic species for possible anticancer (Lung cell line A549, skin cell line A2058, liver cell line HepG2, breast cell line MCF7 and pancreas cell line MiaPaca-2) and antibacterial (Gram-negative bacteriaEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae, the Gram-positive bacteria methicillin resistant/sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus, andMycobacterium tuberculosis) activities. Results showed that only two species were active, the lanternfishMyctophum punctatumand the Mediterranean krillMeganyctiphanes norvegica. In particular,M. punctatumshowed strong activity against the A549 and MCF7 cells, whileM. norvegicawas more active against HepG2 cells. Regarding antibacterial assays, both species were active against methicillin resistantS. aureus. Fractionation and LC/MS dereplication of the fractions showed that the main compounds found in extracts of both species were EPA, DHA and ETA. For some of the detected compounds anticancer and/or antibacterial activity are already known, but this is the first time that such activities have been found for mesopelagic species.
Outcome of liver cirrhosis patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
Authors: Lai Chih-Cheng , Tseng Kuei-Ling , Ho Chung-Han , Chiang Shyh-Ren , Chan Khee-Siang , Chao Chien-Ming , Hsing Shu-Chen , Cheng Kuo-Chen , Chen Chin-Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a major indicator of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in cirrhotic patients and is an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcome and mortality risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who required prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) between 2006 and 2013 from two databases: Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and a hospital database. The hospital database yielded 58 LC patients (mean age: 65.3 years; men: 65.5%). The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher than in patients without LC. Based on the NHIRD database of PMV cases, patients were age-gender matched in a ratio of 1:2 for patients with and without LC. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was calculated. The mortality was higher in patients with LC (19.5%) than those without LC (18.12%), though not statistically significant (p = 0.0622). Based on the hospital database, risk factor analysis revealed that patients who died had significant higher MELD score than the survivors (18.9 vs 13.7, p = 0.036) and patients with MELD score of >23 had higher risk of mortality than patients with MELD score of ≤23 (adjusted OR:9.26, 95% CI: 1.96–43.8). In conclusion, the in-hospital mortality of patients with high MELD scores who required PMV was high. MELD scores may be useful predictors of mortality in these patients.
Epigenome-wide association study for perceived discrimination among sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe - the RODAM study
Authors: van der Laan Loes C. , Meeks Karlijn A. C. , Chilunga Felix P. , Agyemang Charles , Venema Andrea , Mannens Marcel M. A. M. , Zafarmand Mohammad H. , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Smeeth Liam , Adeyemo Adebowale , Henneman Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants in Europe experience psychosocial stressors, such as perceived discrimination (PD). The effect of such a stressor on health could potentially be mediated via epigenetics. In this study we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to assess the association between levels of PD with genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in SSA migrants. The Illumina 450 K DNA-methylation array was used on whole blood samples of 340 Ghanaian adults residing in three European cities from the cross-sectional Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. PD was assessed using sum scores of the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). Differentially methylated positions and regions (DMPs and DMRs) were identified through linear regression analysis. Two hypo-methylated DMPs, namely cg13986138 (CYFIP1) and cg10316525(ANKRD63), were found to be associated with PD. DMR analysis identified 47 regions associated with the PD. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first EWAS for PD in first generation SSA migrants. We identified two DMPs associated with PD. Whether these associations underlie a consequence or causal effect within the scope of biological functionality needs additional research.
Optimal Timing of Radiotherapy Following Gross Total or Subtotal Resection of Glioblastoma: A Real-World Assessment using the National Cancer Database
Authors: Buszek Samantha M. , Al Feghali Karine A. , Elhalawani Hesham , Chevli Neil , Allen Pamela K. , Chung Caroline 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTreatment for glioblastoma (GBM) includes surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. The optimal time interval between surgery and RT remains unclear. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients with GBM. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Univariate (UVA) and multivariable Cox regression (MVA) modeling was used to determine predictors of OS. A total of 45,942 patients were included. On MVA: younger age, female gender, black ethnicity, higher KPS, obtaining a gross total resection (GTR), MGMT promoter-methylated gene status, unifocal disease, higher RT dose, and RT delay of 4–8 weeks had improved OS. Patients who underwent a subtotal resection (STR) had worsened survival with RT delay ≤4 weeks and patients with GTR had worsened survival when RT was delayed >8 weeks. This analysis suggests that an interval of 4–8 weeks between resection and RT results in better survival. Delays >8 weeks in patients with a GTR and delays <4 weeks in patients with a STR/biopsy resulted in worse survival. This impact of time delay from surgery to RT, in conjunction with extent of resection, should be considered in the clinical management of patients and future designs of clinical trials.
Impaired bile acid metabolism with defectives of mitochondrial-tRNA taurine modification and bile acid taurine conjugation in the taurine depleted cats
Authors: Miyazaki Teruo , Sasaki Sei-Ich , Toyoda Atsushi , Wei Fan-Yan , Shirai Mutsumi , Morishita Yukio , Ikegami Tadashi , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Honda Akira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTaurine that conjugates with bile acid (BA) and mitochondrial-tRNA (mt-tRNA) is a conditional essential amino acid in humans, similarly to cats. To better understand the influence of acquired depletion of taurine on BA metabolism, the profiling of BAs and its intermediates, BA metabolism-enzyme expression, and taurine modified mt-tRNAs were evaluated in the taurine deficient diet-supplemented cats. In the taurine depleted cats, taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile and taurine-modified mt-tRNA in liver were significantly decreased, whereas unconjugated BA in serum was markedly increased. Impaired bile acid metabolism in the liver was induced accompanied with the decreases of mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial activity. Consequently, total bile acid concentration in bile was significantly decreased by the low activity of mitochondrial bile acid synthesis. These results implied that the insufficient dietary taurine intake causes impaired bile acid metabolism, and in turn, a risk for the various diseases similar to the mitochondrial diseases would be enhanced.
NORFA, long intergenic noncoding RNA, maintains sow fertility by inhibiting granulosa cell death
Authors: Du Xing , Liu Lu , Li Qiqi , Zhang Lifan , Pan Zengxiang , Li Qifa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLong intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been proved to be involved in regulating female reproduction. However, to what extent lincRNAs are involved in ovarian functions and fertility is incompletely understood. Here we show that a lincRNA, NORFA is involved in granulosa cell apoptosis, follicular atresia and sow fertility. We found that NORFA was down-regulated during follicular atresia, and inhibited granulosa cell apoptosis. NORFA directly interacted with miR-126 and thereby preventing it from binding to TGFBR2 3′-UTR. miR-126 enhanced granulosa cell apoptosis by attenuating NORFA-induced TGF-β signaling pathway. Importantly, a breed-specific 19-bp duplication was detected in NORFA promoter, which proved association with sow fertility through enhancing transcription activity of NORFA by recruiting transcription factor NFIX. In summary, our findings identified a candidate lincRNA for sow prolificacy, and provided insights into the mechanism of follicular atresia and female fertility.
Management gastrointestinaler Blutungen unter Antikoagulation
Authors: Meier Benjamin , Wolpert Christian , Caca Karel 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie endoskopische Therapie bei gastrointestinalen Blutungen ist hoch effektiv und sicher, auch unter Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien. Das technische Vorgehen unterscheidet sich nicht vom Vorgehen bei fehlender Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien, wobei z. B. der Stellenwert einer primären OTSC („over-the-scope clip“, Ovesco Endoscopy)-Applikation bei Hochrisikopatienten noch untersucht werden muss. Das Management der Antikoagulation unterscheidet sich zwischen den unterschiedlichen Präparaten und der zugrundeliegenden Indikation und muss dem individuellen Risiko angepasst werden. Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer sollten maximal für die Intervention pausiert und früh wieder verabreicht werden. Das Management unter dualer Plättchenhemmung oder Triple-Therapie ist zwingend interdisziplinär abzusprechen. Bei Niedrigrisikosituation kann die duale Therapie in der Regel fortgeführt werden. Bei vitaler Blutung unter Vollantikoagulation ist eine Antagonisierung empfohlen, bei nicht vitaler Blutung ist diese abhängig vom endoskopischen Erfolg. Die Vollantikoagulation sollte frühestmöglich, in der Regel nach ca. 7 Tagen, wieder aufgenommen werden (Ausnahmen: mechanische Herzklappen, frisch implantierte Bioklappen, sehr hohes Thromboembolierisiko).