bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on FDA and WHO recommendations concerning clinical trials
Authors: Dreyfus J.-F. , Cremniter D. , Guelfi J.D. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe are still confronted by numerous different nosographic models and problems concerning the objective evaluation of patients progress during treatment. It is interesting to consider the consequences of this situation in psychiatry which still involves a relative diversity of practical methods used in clinical trials. The recommendations of the USA Food and Drug Administration, on the one hand, constitute a highly structured and precise reference. The World Health Organization, on the other hand, promulgates general recommendations resulting from a compromise designed to satisfy the greatest number of clinicians.Despite the apparently diverse principles and the different practical methods they propose, both those sets of recommendations have been useful in inspiring clinicians to reflect upon these different methodological approaches. The qualities of the inclusion criteria used in the study of patients and the sensitivity of the different measuring instruments have allowed psychotropic drug users as well as producers to recognize the need for a certain rigour in clinical trials.The FDA and WHO guidelines have certainly improved the quality of clinical trials in psychopharmacology. However, they also represent a source of resistance to innovation.A series of consensus meetings to first reconcile US and European points of view and later to include new techniques in the recognized sets of methods would therefore be helpful.
Prediction of serum sodium based on diurnal weight gain among schizophrenics subject to water intoxication
Authors: Vieweg WVR , Harrington DP , Leadbetter RA , Hundley PL , Yank GR 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe related normalized diurnal weight gain (NDWG) to a decrease in serum sodium concentration (DSOD) among 8 schizophrenics subject to water intoxication. DSOD = 0.422 + 1.675 × NDWG (n= 8,r= 0.864,P= 0.006). We used this relationship to interdict drinking and, thus, prevent severe hyponatremia.
Psychomotor, subjective and neuroendocrine effects of acute tryptophan depletion in the healthy volunteer
Authors: Danjou P , Hamon M , Lacomblez L , Warot D , Kecskemeti S , Puech AJ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe effects of acute tryptophan depletion were investigated in 20 healthy volunteers. Ten of them received a balanced amino acid solution and 10 a tryptophan-free solution. The fall in tryptophan levels induced by the oral administration of a mixture tryptophan-free of L-amino acids was - 77% for free tryptophan and - 81% for total tryptophan. Before treatment, there were intergroup differences affecting alertness parameters (critical flicker threshold, recognition reaction time), plasma levels of prolactin and baseline performance in the proofreading correction test. In the tryptophan-depleted group, the number of errors reported during the unpleasant sound signal was increased (+ 48%) after treatment, whereas the number of errors fell (— 15%) in the group receiving the tryptophan supplement. Conversely the levels of prolactin were correlated with those of serum tryptophan. Few subjective effects were reported.
Le concept de recherche de sensations: traduction et validation de l'échelle de Zuckerman
Authors: Carton S , Lacour C , Jouvent R , Widlöcher D 
Published: April 2020

RésuméA partir du concept de recherche de sensations, Zuckerman a créé l'échelle de recherche de sensations (Sensation Seeking Scale), composée de 72 items répartis en 5 facteurs. Nous l'avons traduite, et cette version française a été soumise à un échantillon de 102 sujets témoins issus de la population générale. Une retraduction indépendante a pu permettre de valider la version française de l'échelle. Les résultats sont répartis sur une distribution unimodale, avec une note moyenne légèrement supérieure à la médiane, et ils confirment l'existence de sujets obtenant un score élevé de recherche de sensations. Le facteur général se révèle un bon indice global pour évaluer la recherche de sensations du sujet. La recherche de sensations est inversement corrélée pour certains facteurs au sexe, et de manière très significative à l'âge, ce qui rejoint les postulats de Zuckerman et les résultats sur les études américaines antérieures. Ce concept opérationnel trouve actuellement un écho dans des descriptions phénoménologiques et sociales de tels sujets recherchant des sensations. D'autre part, il révèle son intérêt dans le camp de la psychopathologie. La structure de l'échelle est critiquée dans le sens d'un mélange entre plusieurs niveaux émotionnels non équivalents, et la discussion stimulation-sensation pourrait s'ouvrir sur un affinement du concept.
Inventaires d’auto-évaluation de la psychopathologie chez l’adulte. 2epartie: inventaires de dépression
Authors: Pariente P , Guelfi JD 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLa grande majorité des inventaires d’auto-évaluation spécifiques concerne la symptomatologie dépressive ou anxieuse. Les principaux questionnaires de dépression, évalués et utilisés par diverses équipes internationales, sont passés en revue dans cet article, l’accent étant mis sur leur profil et leurs emplois. Parmi ceux-ci, certains cherchent à évaluer globalement la sévérité de la symptomatologie dépressive; d’autres tentent d’effectuer un diagnostic; d’autres enfin se destinent à apprécier des aspects particuliers, tels que l’humeur, l’anhédonie, ou les cognitions associées à la dépression : ces derniers ont fait l’objet de développements récents parallèles à la recherche dans le domaine des thérapies cognitives ou comportementales. Selon leur construction et leurs qualités métrologiques, parfois en cours d’évaluation, ces inventaires peuvent être employés en recherche clinique, notamment comme critère de jugement d’essais thérapeutiques, ou en épidémiologie, pour des estimations de prévalence dans des populations non cliniques ou pour une première étape du dépistage de cas. Devant l’abondance actuelle de ces instruments, des indications générales sont finalement proposées selon les objectifs des recherches.
Anxiety-related inhibition
Authors: Pull C.B. , Widlöcher D. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAccording to pharmacological and neurophysiological data, inhibition of activity can be considered to be a characteristic feature of anxiety. There is a general inhibition regarding plans of action in carrying out daily routine, as distinct from the particular phobic avoidance inhibition.To study this inhibition, an evaluation scale has been developed (appendix). Applied to 156 anxious patients in this multicentric study, it shows good sensitivy in terms of bromazepam's therapeutic action. The intensity of inhibition is as high in non-phobic anxious patients as in phobic anxious patients.A measure of the efficacy of an anxiety-relieving drug on inhibition could constitute a useful complement to assessments generally based on subjective experience and physical symptoms.
The impact of familial personality disorder and alcoholism on the clinical features of depression
Authors: VanValkenburg C. , Lilienfeld S. , Akiskal H.S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe compared patients with DSD or depression spectrum disease (family history positive for alcoholism or antisocial personality disorder in a first degree relative) to other depressives. DSD patients were likely to be diagnosed as having antisocial or borderline personality disorder, to be alcoholics, amphetamine abusers, or hysterics. They had more chronic depressive features, including hostility and self-pitying, bad-tempered, labile, and irritable mood, and they were nervous, worrisome, immature, overly dependent, and had tempestuous relationships. Their depressions were usually described as “reactive”, but their social outcomes were more likely to be poor.
Etude comparative multicentrique en double aveugle de deux benzodiazépines chez 117 patients ambulatoires - alprazolam vs clobazam
Authors: Hayoun H. , Hirigoyen M.F. , Prigent Y. , Brun M. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméL’alprazolam et le clobazam ont été comparés au cours d’une étude prospective randomisée en double aveugle d’une durée de quatre semaines, en stricte monothérapie à posologie ajustée en fonction de l’efficacité et de la tolérance du malade, chez 117 patients ambulatoires présentant un trouble névrotique anxieux selon les critères du DSM II, dont l’intensité était comprise entre 18 et 35 à l’échelle d’anxiété de Hamilton.L’efficacité de l’alprazolam est significativement supérieure à celle du clobazam sur l’appréciation globale de l’efficacité selon le médecin (p = 0.04) et le malade (p = 0.03) sur l’un des symptômes-cibles (p = 0.02), sur la tolérance globale (p = 0.02), ainsi que sur le nombre d’effets secondaires (p = 0.05); il n’existe pas de différence significative entre les deux produits sur l’échelle de Hamilton ou sur la version abrégée à 24 items de l’échelle d’auto-évaluation B.A.T.E. (Bonis Anxiété Trait Etat). Les posologies journalières moyennes utilisées en fin d’essai ont été de 2.95 mg et 28.5 mg pour l’alprazolam et le clobazam respectivement.Les résultats observés concernant l’efficacité et la tolérance des deux produits sont discutés en termes de comparabilité des groupes, de sous-catégories d’anxiété étudiées, de posologies utilisées, ainsi que des nuances observées selon qu’on raisonne en termes d’évaluation globale ou en termes d’échelles psychométriques.
The mimetic basis of pure music in Machaut's refrain songs: part 1, musical mimesis
Authors: MAW DAVID 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWord setting in Machaut's refrain songs poses a problem, for whilst it is clearly indicated in the manuscripts, it often does not comply with recognised principles or values. To understand the situation, a dualistic relationship of words and music is proposed. It is founded in the coordinated but independent operation of principles of musical mimesis and musico-poetic dislocation. The music is constructed at a primary level as an imitation of the poetic form; but it is fundamentally independent of this model and may thus be detached from it and displaced against it. Devices such as ‘cross-cadencing’, ‘quasi-declamation’, ‘complementary-cadence inversion’ and ‘dissonance’ between implied and actual word setting are manifestations of this technique. The proposal accounts on the same basis for both the close relationship of words and music observable in the virelais and for the more abstract connection apparent in the rondeaux. There is a technical unity at work across the genres in Machaut's song composition.
Mediastinal mass after a Blalock–Taussig shunt: utility of CT angiography
Authors: Peña-Trujillo Valeria , Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , Forero Melo Julian F 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPseudoaneurysms are rare complications of Blalock–Taussig fistulas. We present the case of an abscessed right pulmonary aneurysm after a Blalock–Taussig fistula in the context of a Salmonella bacteremia.
Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Unrelated to Cognitive Performance Among Non-Demented and Demented Persons: An Examination of Long Life Family Study Participants
Authors: Ashrafi Adiba , Cosentino Stephanie , Kang Min S. , Lee Joseph H. , Schupf Nicole , Andersen Stacy L. , Christensen Kaare , Province Michael A. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Zmuda Joseph M. , Honig Lawrence S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a widely hypothesized biomarker of biological aging. Persons with shorter LTL may have a greater likelihood of developing dementia. We investigate whether LTL is associated with cognitive function, differently for individuals without cognitive impairment versus individuals with dementia or incipient dementia.Method:Enrolled subjects belong to the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multi-generational cohort study, where enrollment was predicated upon exceptional family longevity. Included subjects had valid cognitive and telomere data at baseline. Exclusion criteria were age ≤ 60 years, outlying LTL, and missing sociodemographic/clinical information. Analyses were performed using linear regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for sex, age, education, country, generation, and lymphocyte percentage.Results:Older age and male gender were associated with shorter LTL, and LTL was significantly longer in family members than spouse controls (p < 0.005). LTL was not associated with working or episodic memory, semantic processing, and information processing speed for 1613 cognitively unimpaired individuals as well as 597 individuals with dementia or incipient dementia (p < 0.005), who scored significantly lower on all cognitive domains (p < 0.005).Conclusions:Within this unique LLFS cohort, a group of families assembled on the basis of exceptional survival, LTL is unrelated to cognitive ability for individuals with and without cognitive impairment. LTL does not change in the context of degenerative disease for these individuals who are biologically younger than the general population.
Reinterpreting the health in all policies obligation in Article 168 TFEU: the first step towards making enforcement a realistic prospect
Authors: Bartlett Oliver , Naumann Anja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe EU Treaties oblige the EU institutions to take health objectives and concerns into account in all policy fields. Nevertheless, this obligation is only marginally honoured in many EU policy areas at best. One problem is the lack of enforcement options to pursue further implementation. This paper examines the obligation to ‘mainstream’ health in Article 168 TFEU and demonstrates the difficulties in enforcing the obligation in more detail. It then offers a new, deeper interpretation of the contents of the mainstreaming obligation and discusses how this definition may be used to facilitate better enforcement in the future.
CAST auf Deutsch
Authors: Voggeser Birgit Johanna , Göritz Anja Simone 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Sadismus ist ein Prädiktor für dysfunktionales Sozialverhalten und erfuhr als Konstrukt viel Aufmerksamkeit im klinischen Kontext. Zunehmend interessieren sich Forscher aber auch für die Rolle des subklinischen Alltagssadismus in anderen Kontexten, wie beispielswiese Mobbing oder disinhibierte Kommunikation in den Neuen Medien. Im Deutschen gab es bisher jedoch kein geeignetes Maß für Alltagssadismus. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, validieren wir eine deutsche Übersetzung des Comprehensive Assessment of Sadistic Tendencies (CAST, Buckels & Paulhus, 2014 ). Wir diskutieren verschiedene englischsprachige Alternativen und begründen unsere Wahl des CAST. Wir präsentieren die Ergebnisse einer webbasierten Validierungsstudie ( N = 419 ). Hierbei prüfen wir die Faktorstruktur der übersetzten Skala und vergleichen die Konstruktvalidität mit dem englischen Original mittels rAlerting-CV ( Westen & Rosenthal, 2003 ). Als Resultat stellen wir neben der originalgetreuen Version (CAST-D, 18 Items, Cronbachs α = .84) eine Kurzversion (CAST-D-K, 9 Items, Cronbachs α = .76) vor.
Die gruppentherapeutische Intervention „Gesund bleiben im Beruf“ zur Wiedererlangung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
Authors: Wittmann Linus , Hampel Petra , Peter Ulrike , Karow Anne , Gallinat Jürgen , Groen Gunter 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der psychotherapeutischen Forschung und Versorgung wurde die Wiedererlangung der Arbeitsfähigkeit bislang nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Einige Studien weisen jedoch auf die Wirksamkeit arbeitsbezogener kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Therapieansätze hin. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Pilotstudie soll ein neues Gruppentherapiekonzept mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Arbeitsfähigkeit evaluieren. Methoden: Es wurden Daten von N = 17 Teilnehmenden mit depressiven Störungen erhoben. Dafür wurden die Arbeitsfähigkeit, Arbeitsmotivation, generelle Symptombelastung und Depressivität zu drei Messzeitpunkten erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Arbeitsfähigkeit verbesserte sich tendenziell. Teilnehmende wiesen kurz- und mittelfristig eine geringere Symptombelastung und geringere Depressivität auf. Die Aktivität und Partizipation erhöhten sich kurz- und mittelfristig. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Intervention scheint die psychische Gesundheit zu verbessern, allerdings müssen diese ersten Ergebnisse in einer randomisierten-kontrollierten Studie verifiziert werden.
Investigating the Meso‐Mechanical Anisotropy and Fracture Surface Roughness of Continental Shale
Authors: Huang Beixiu , Li Lihui , Tan Yufang , Hu Ruilin , Li Xiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContinental shale is abundant with unconventional oil and gas and has considerable prospect for exploitation. However, due to deposited environment differences, continental shale presents unique characteristics in terms of structure and mineralogy compared to marine shale. The mechanical property is elemental parameter for reservoir production, but relevant studies of continental shale are rarely reported. In this study, several groups of mesoscale (0.1–10 mm) uniaxial compression tests were conducted on continental shale with various bedding angles, sourced from the Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin, China. A new integrated real‐time loading‐observation‐acquisition system, specifically, a miniature tensile instrument‐light microscope (MTI‐LM) system, was utilized, which allowed us to visualize the failure process and simultaneously record the stress‐strain curves, providing snapshots for investigation of fracture initiation, propagation, and fracture surface features. The results demonstrate that as the bedding angle relative to the maximum compression direction increases, the uniaxial compressive strength (σc) and the percentage of bedding‐parallel fractures (Fp) fluctuate reversely, namely, higher σc corresponds to lower Fp. Additionally, a good consistency is revealed among the variations of σc, failure time and fracture surface roughness with bedding angles, suggesting stronger shale having rougher fracture surfaces and longer failure time at a certain loading rate. The meso‐mechanical anisotropy of shales is supposed to have an origin in heterogeneous component and microtexture, as indicated by different bridges connecting the opposite facies of fractures. The findings help reveal the mechanism underlying mechanical anisotropy and facilitate fracability evaluation of shallow shale gas reservoir.
A Comparison of Gas and Water Permeability in Clay‐Bearing Fault and Reservoir Rocks: Experimental Results and Evolution Mechanisms
Authors: Duan Qingbao , Chen Jianye , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo better understand the discrepancy between gas and water permeability and the mechanism of permeability in response to the presence of water in clay‐bearing rocks, we performed transport property experiments on synthetic quartz‐clay mixtures and natural fault gouge, as well as clay‐bearing sandstones for comparison purpose. The experiments were performed on a fluid flow apparatus with effective pressures (Pe) cycling between 5 and 105 MPa. Each sample was subjected to nine Pe cycles, along which permeability and porosity of either the gas‐saturated (nitrogen) or water‐saturated samples were measured. The results show that the permeability of all samples investigated decreases with increasing Pe. Gas permeability exhibits strong pore pressure dependence, which can be explained by the slippage (Klinkenberg) effect. Permeability results measured by water are commonly lower than the gas results. The decrease in permeability after the addition of water can be generally explained by the evolution of porosity, as can be determined from the bulk volume and solid mineral volume measurement results. The loss of permeability is associated with the hydration expansion of clay minerals that causes the reduction of porosity. A conceptual model for the evolution of porosity that incorporates clay expansion and grain rearrangement is proposed to describe the mechanism for water permeability in clay‐bearing rocks. Based on these results, we discuss the effect of clay hydration on fluid transport and mechanical behaviors in clay‐bearing fault zones and reservoir formations following fluid injection.
Wide‐Angle Seismic Imaging of Two Modes of Crustal Accretion in Mature Atlantic Ocean Crust
Authors: Davy R. G. , Collier J. S. , Henstock T. J. ,   The VoiLA Consortium
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a high‐resolution 2‐D P‐wave velocity model from a 225‐km‐long active seismic profile, collected over ~60–75 Ma central Atlantic crust. The profile crosses five ridge segments separated by a transform and three nontransform offsets. All ridge discontinuities share similar primary characteristics, independent of the offset. We identify two types of crustal segment. The first displays a classic two‐layer velocity structure with a high gradient Layer 2 (~0.9 s−1) above a lower gradient Layer 3 (0.2 s−1). Here, PmP coincides with the 7.5 km s−1 contour, and velocity increases to >7.8 km s−1 within 1 km below. We interpret these segments as magmatically robust, with PmP representing a petrological boundary between crust and mantle. The second has a reduced contrast in velocity gradient between the upper and lower crust and PmP shallower than the 7.5 km s−1 contour. We interpret these segments as tectonically dominated, with PmP representing a serpentinized (alteration) front. While velocity‐depth profiles fit within previous envelopes for slow‐spreading crust, our results suggest that such generalizations give a misleading impression of uniformity. We estimate that the two crustal styles are present in equal proportions on the floor of the Atlantic. Within two tectonically dominated segments, we make the first wide‐angle seismic identifications of buried oceanic core complexes in mature (>20 Ma) Atlantic Ocean crust. They have a ~20‐km‐wide “domal” morphology with shallow basement and increased upper crustal velocities. We interpret their midcrustal seismic velocity inversions as alteration and rock‐type assemblage contrasts across crustal‐scale detachment faults.
Breast cancer-derived exosomes transmit lncRNA SNHG16 to induce CD73+γδ1 Treg cells
Authors: Ni Chao , Fang Qing-Qing , Chen Wu-Zhen , Jiang Jin-Xing , Jiang Zhou , Ye Jun , Zhang Ting , Yang Liu , Meng Fan-Bo , Xia Wen-Jie , Zhong Miaochun , Huang Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractγδT cells have been reported to exert immunosuppressive functions in multiple solid malignant diseases, but their immunosuppressive functional subpopulation in breast cancer (BC) is still undetermined. Here, we collected 40 paired BC and normal tissue samples from Chinese patients for analysis. First, we showed that γδT1 cells comprise the majority of CD3+ T cells in BC; next, we found that CD73+γδT1 cells were the predominant regulatory T-cell (Treg) population in BC, and that their prevalence in peripheral blood was also related to tumour burden. In addition, CD73+γδT1 cells exert an immunosuppressive effect via adenosine generation. We also found that BC could modulate CD73 expression on γδT cells in a non-contact manner. The microarray analysis and functional experiments indicated that breast tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDEs) could transmit lncRNA SNHG16, which upregulates CD73 expression, to Vδ1 T cells. Regarding the mechanism, SNHG16 served as a ceRNA by sponging miR-16–5p, which led to the derepression of its target gene SMAD5 and resulted in potentiation of the TGF-β1/SMAD5 pathway to upregulate CD73 expression in Vδ1 T cells. Our results showed that the BC-derived exosomal SNHG16/miR-16–5p/SMAD5-regulatory axis potentiates TGF-β1/SMAD5 pathway activation, thus inducing CD73 expression in Vδ1 T cells. Our results first identify the significance of CD73+Vδ1 Tregs in BC, and therapy targeting this subpopulation or blocking TDEs might have potential for BC treatment in the future.