bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET/MRI reveals ongoing metabolic activity in ACL grafts one year post-ACL reconstruction
Authors: Korbin Seth , Salerno Michael , Achonu Justice U. , Huang Mingqian , Vaska Paul , Pawlak Amanda , Komatsu David E. , Paci James M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To use serial PET/MRI imaging to radiographically evaluate the metabolic activity of the ACL graft over the first post-operative year.

Methods
Six patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction were recruited in this prospective study in an inpatient university hospital. All patients underwent femoral and tibial suspensory cortical fixation with quadrupled semitendinosus autograft hamstring ACL reconstruction by an orthopaedic surgeon. Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET and MRI of both the operative and non-operative knee was performed at three, six, and 12 months post-operatively. Quantification of the mean standardized uptake value (SUV) within the whole-knee, as well as tibial tunnel, femoral tunnel, and intra-articular graft regions of interest (ROIs).

Results
PET whole-knee activity was increased at all time-points post-operatively compared to the control, non-operative knee. Activity decreased over time, yet considerable generalized activity remained 1 year post-operatively, with relative intensity 34% percent higher than control. When the operative knee was divided into three whole-regions, there was greater activity in the tibia at three than 12 months, the femur at six than 12 months, and in the tibia compared to the intra-articular region at 3 months. When they were separated into sub-regions, results demonstrated greater activity closer to the joint surface.

Conclusions
PET/MRI evaluation of ACL graft reconstructions demonstrates evolving biologic activity within the graft and both tunnels. Focal areas of increased activity within the tunnels may indicate of ligamento-osseous morphologic changes. These data suggest that graft incorporation continues well beyond 1 year post-operatively.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Long acting reversible contraceptives utilization and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Arsi Negele town, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hibstu Desalegn Tsegaw , Alemayehu Akalewold 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is the second populous country in Africa with a total fertility rate of 4.6 and contraceptive prevalence of 35%, where implant and intrauterine contraceptive devices account for 8 and 2% respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of long acting reversible contraceptives utilization and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Arsi Negele town, Southeastern Ethiopia.

Methods
Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01–May 30, 2017. A total of 361 women using modern contraceptives were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Pre-tested and interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software.

Result
The magnitude of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) utilization was 33.5% [95% CI, 28.5–38.8]. Husband with no formal education [AOR = 0.41, CI: 0.16, 0.78] and unemployed women [AOR = 0.35, CI: 0.42, 0.65] were negative predictors while having media exposure [AOR = 7.14, CI: 3.85, 13.25], women who desired only one child [AOR = 3.28, CI; 1.28, 8.39] and husband support [AOR = 7.33, CI: 3.48, 15.43] were positive predictors of LARCs utilization.

Conclusion
The overall utilization of LARCs is 33.5%. Creating employment opportunities, male involvement, advertisement and advocacy activities through mass media need to be considered to improve utilization of LARCs.
Suicide rates and voting choice in the UK's 2016 national Brexit referendum on European Union membership: cross-sectional ecological investigation across England's local authority populations
Authors: Steeg Sarah , Webb Roger T. , Ibrahim Saied , Appleby Louis , Kapur Nav 
Published: June 2020

Background
Individual- and area-level risk factors for suicide are relatively well-understood but the role of macro social factors such as alienation, social fragmentation or ‘anomie’ is relatively underresearched. Voting choice in the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union (EU) provides a potential measure of anomie.

Aims
To examine associations between percentage ‘Leave’ votes in the EU referendum and suicide rates in 2015–2017, the period just prior to, and following, the referendum.

Method
National cross-sectional ecological study of 315 English local authority populations. Associations between voting choice in the EU referendum and age-standardised suicide rates, averaged for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, were examined.

Results
Overall there was a weak, but statistically significant, positive correlation between the local authority-level percentage ‘Leave’ vote in 2016 and the suicide rate 2015–2017: Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.17; P = 0.003. This relationship was explained by populations having an older age distribution, being more deprived and lacking ethnic diversity. However, there was divergence (likelihood ratio test for interaction, χ2 = 7.2, P = 0.007) in the observed associations between London and the provincial regions with Greater London having a moderately strong negative association (r = −0.40; P = 0.02) and the rest of England a weak positive association (r = 0.17; P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Deprivation, older age distribution and a lack of ethnic diversity seems to explain raised suicide risk in Brexit-voting communities. A greater sense of alienation among people feeling ‘left behind’/‘left out’ may have had some influence too, although multilevel modelling of individual- versus area-level data are needed to examine these complex relationships. The incongruent ecological relationship observed for London likely reflect its distinct social, economic and health context.
PRISM: A Platform for Imaging in Precision Medicine
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Tarbox Lawrence , Kurc Tahsin , Bona Jonathan , Smith Kirk , Kathiravelu Pradeeban , Bremer Erich , Saltz Joel H. , Prior Fred 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSEPrecision medicine requires an understanding of individual variability, which can only be acquired from large data collections such as those supported by the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). We have undertaken a program to extend the types of data TCIA can support. This, in turn, will enable TCIA to play a key role in precision medicine research by collecting and disseminating high-quality, state-of-the-art, quantitative imaging data that meet the evolving needs of the cancer research communityMETHODSA modular technology platform is presented that would allow existing data resources, such as TCIA, to evolve into a comprehensive data resource that meets the needs of users engaged in translational research for imaging-based precision medicine. This Platform for Imaging in Precision Medicine (PRISM) helps streamline the deployment and improve TCIA’s efficiency and sustainability. More importantly, its inherent modular architecture facilitates a piecemeal adoption by other data repositories.RESULTSPRISM includes services for managing radiology and pathology images and features and associated clinical data. A semantic layer is being built to help users explore diverse collections and pool data sets to create specialized cohorts. PRISM includes tools for image curation and de-identification. It includes image visualization and feature exploration tools. The entire platform is distributed as a series of containerized microservices with representational state transfer interfaces.CONCLUSIONPRISM is helping modernize, scale, and sustain the technology stack that powers TCIA. Repositories can take advantage of individual PRISM services such as de-identification and quality control. PRISM is helping scale image informatics for cancer research at a time when the size, complexity, and demands to integrate image data with other precision medicine data-intensive commons are mounting.
Commonly Used Drugs for Medical Illness and the Nervous System
Authors: Vo Mary L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an overview of the neurologic side effects of commonly prescribed medications, some of which can result in significant impairment if not addressed. This article aims to help clinicians recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions of a range of medication classes.

RECENT FINDINGS
Adverse drug reactions are a source of significant morbidity and rising health care costs. Failure to recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions may prompt unnecessary testing to identify a primary neurologic condition and expose the patient to continued adverse effects of a medication. Familiarity with the side effect profiles of newer medications, timing of side effects, pattern of reaction, medication rechallenge, and concurrent medical issues and awareness of significant medication interactions may aid in the identification of a medication side effect.

SUMMARY
Early recognition of neurologic adverse medication reactions can be challenging but is essential to prompt discontinuation of the offending medication or administration of specific symptomatic treatments in select cases. A high index of suspicion is needed to arrive at the correct diagnosis promptly, initiate a treatment plan, limit unnecessary testing, and reduce overall health care cost burden.
Places without Police
Authors: Seigel Micol 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis reflection explores two loose social formations in contemporary Brazil that offer potentially inspiring political models. One consists of queer, Afro-descended activists invoking quilombos to curate welcoming spaces for community engagement and support. The other is the Primeiro Comando da Capital, or PCC, a prisoner organization that at times has evaded state violence as effectively as some quilombos did in their day. This uneven set illuminates possibilities for social organization that might escape the vicious disciplinary and labor regimes of racial capitalism operative across the Atlantic since the sixteenth century. All have historical relationships to slavery, although very dissimilar ones, and share little else, so the patterns they reveal involve not likeness but iterations of the fact that people beset by state violence seek to evade it, occasionally by struggling to forge what it might help to think of as places without police.
Restorative Posters
Authors:   Project NIA, Kim Monica , Djagalov Rossen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Restorative Posters: Representing Justice Visually is an initiative by Project NIA, a Chicago-based organization founded and directed by Mariame Kaba. The project features a series of downloadable posters mostly created by Chicago-based artists and focuses on the potential of art to generate questions and foster dialogue on restorative and transformative justice.
A cellular model of albumin endocytosis uncovers a link between membrane and nuclear proteins
Authors: Urae Seiya , Harita Yutaka , Udagawa Tomohiro , Ode Koji L. , Nagahama Masami , Kajiho Yuko , Kanda Shoichiro , Saito Akihiko , Ueda Hiroki R. , Nangaku Masaomi , Oka Akira 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Cubilin (CUBN) and amnionless (AMN), expressed in kidney and intestine, form a multiligand receptor complex called CUBAM that plays a crucial role in albumin absorption. To date, the mechanism of albumin endocytosis mediated by CUBAM remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a quantitative assay to evaluate albumin uptake by CUBAM using cells expressing full-length CUBN and elucidate the crucial roles of the C-terminal part of CUBN and the endocytosis signal motifs of AMN in albumin endocytosis. We also demonstrate that nuclear valosin-containing protein-like 2 (NVL2), an interacting protein of AMN, is involved in this process. Although NVL2 was mainly localized in the nucleolus in cells without AMN expression, it was translocated to the extranuclear compartment when coexpressed with AMN. NVL2 knockdown significantly impaired internalization of the CUBN-albumin complex in cultured cells, demonstrating an involvement of NVL2 in endocytic regulation. These findings uncover a link between membrane and nucleolar proteins that is involved in endocytic processes.
Vacuolins and myosin VII are required for phagocytic uptake and phagosomal membrane recycling in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Bosmani Cristina , Leuba Florence , Hanna Nabil , Bach Frauke , Burdet Frédéric , Pagni Marco , Hagedorn Monica , Soldati Thierry 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Flotillins are lipid raft residents involved in membrane trafficking and recycling of plasma membrane proteins. Dictyostelium discoideum uses phagocytosis to kill, digest and feed on bacteria. It possesses three flotillin-like vacuolins that are strongly associated with membranes and that gradually accumulate on maturing phagosomes. Absence of vacuolins reduced adhesion and particle recognition resulting in a drastic reduction in the uptake of various types of particles. This was caused by a block in the recycling of plasma membrane components and the absence of their specific cortex-associated proteins. In addition, absence of vacuolins also impaired phagolysosome biogenesis, without significantly impacting killing and digestion of a range of bacteria. Strikingly, both absence and overexpression of vacuolins induced a strong downregulation of myosin VII (also known as MyoI) expression, as well as its binding partner talin A. Episomal expression of myosin VII fully rescued defects in uptake and adhesion but not in phagosome maturation. These results suggest a dual role for vacuolins: a novel mechanism involving membrane microdomains and myosin VII–talin A in clustering phagosomal receptors and adhesion molecules at the plasma membrane, and a role in phagolysosomal biogenesis.
Partial catalytic Cys oxidation of human GAPDH
Authors: Lia Andrea , Dowle Adam , Taylor Chris , Santino Angelo , Roversi Pietro 
Published: June 2020

Background: n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the reversible NAD+-dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.Methods: Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsGAPDH) have been determined from protein purified from the supernatant of HEK293F human epithelial kidney cells.Results: X-ray crystallography and mass-spectrometry indicate that the catalytic cysteine of the protein (HsGAPDH Cys152) is partially oxidised to cysteine S-sulfonic acid. The average occupancy for the Cys152-S-sulfonic acid modification over the 20 crystallographically independent copies ofHsGAPDH across three of the crystal forms obtained is 0.31±0.17.Conclusions: The modification induces no significant structural changes on the tetrameric enzyme, and only makes aspecific contacts to surface residues in the active site, in keeping with the hypothesis that the oxidising conditions of the secreted mammalian cell expression system result inHsGAPDH catalytic cysteine S-sulfonic acid modification and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme.
Open versus arthroscopic surgery for diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumours of the knee: a systematic review
Authors: Quaresma Maria Beatriz , Portela José , Soares do Brito Joaquim 
Published: June 2020

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant-cell tumours of the knee (D-TGCT) have a very high complication rate. The recurrence rate for D-TGCT is mainly dependent on an initially successful resection of the lesion. The standard of care for this disease involves early surgery with synovectomy. Available surgical techniques may include an arthroscopic or open surgery; however, there is a lack of consensus on which technique should be used, and when. Arthroscopic excision is effective in minimizing morbidity and surgery-related complications, while an open surgical technique provides a more successful resection with a lower incidence of local recurrence. We could not conclude with confidence which of the surgical techniques is better at stopping a progression towards osteoarthritis and the need for a total knee arthroplasty. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:339-346. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200005
Administrative and Legal Support Challenges of Environmental Safety Under Globalization
Authors: Haraschuk Volodymyr , Zelinska Yana , Spasenko Viktoriia , Shynkaruk Oleksandra 
Published: June 2020

The article investigates the underlying challenges of administrative and legal support of environmental safety under globalization. The current globalization conditions and factors affecting the transition of environmental safety from local to a global level, which is due to globalization processes in the world and a number of global anthropogenic challenges, are analyzed. The emphasis is focused on the impact of globalization on the adoption of international treaties in the field of environmental safety. The importance of administrative and legal environmental safety at the state level for the implementation of the executed international treaties is substantiated. The obsolescence and underperformance of the current state of administrative and legal support of environmental safety in Ukraine is grounded, the necessity for its optimization is proved, the weaknesses are highlighted and the need for introducing a number of improvement directions, including propaganda of a careful attitude to the environment, is substantiated; regulatory support for the effective distribution of functions and viable mechanism for management of central and local executive authorities, local government institutions on the formation and implementation of state policy components in the field of climate change in accordance with their competence; regulatory actions of joint events and cooperation of domestic government bodies in the area of environmental safety with similar bodies of neighboring countries; implementation ensuring of the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states related to climate change; ensuring the fulfillment of Ukraine’s obligations regarding reporting on international agreements in the field of climate change, etc. Keywords: globalization, environmental safety, state environmental policy, legal support of environmental safety, administrative and legal support for environmental safety of Ukraine, international legal support for environmental safety
Sustainability in the Formation and Development of Historical Cities: “Nicosia Historical City Texture”
Authors: Turkan Zihni 
Published: June 2020

The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the Lusignan Period. St. Sophia Cathedral and St. Catherine Church, which have an important place in the formation of the texture, are two of the few works of art still surviving today. Being a period of destruction for the city, in general, The Venetian Period provided the city walls to Nicosia which still surround the historical texture. The Ottoman Period brought a change to the historical city texture and Islamic culture and Turkish Architectural construction style replaced the Christian cultures. A number of architectural works from this period, still existing within the walled city of Nicosia, provided a great contribution to the formation and development of the present day texture, as well as for its sustainability. The British Period is one which brought novelty to the city texture of Nicosia. With demolition of historical works and changes in the street and square dimensions, British Colonial Architecture displays the traces of the recent past. The administrative buildings constructed in place of the demolished Lusignan Palace, still serve at present. With the beginning of the Period of the Republic in 1960, Nicosia underwent a fast process of development as an important capital in the Middle East. The traditional visuality in the city texture left its place to contemporary constructions and formations. The inter-communal conflicts, which started in 1964 on the other hand, negatively affected the formation and development of the city texture, and there was a period of stagnation until the 70s. The new developments observed since the 70s and the insufficiency of precautions to protect historical texture, caused a deterioration the city texture. With the position of an open-air museum, Nicosia with its history of over twenty-five centuries has a very rich historical city texture with the legacies of various cultures which reigned over Cyprus and is sustainable in the present, and is therefore an important cultural and touristic center Keywords: Cyprus, Nicosia, Historical City Texture, Walled City, Sustainability.
Fiscal Policy Measures of Air Protection: Ukrainian Realities and the EU Experience
Authors: Kurylo Volodymyr , Duliba Yevheniia , Kurylo Inna , Mushenok Viktor 
Published: June 2020

Nowadays environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources have become priorities of the state-building strategy in almost all developed countries of the world. Effective financing of these activities is required for the development and adoption of national targeted, local programs for environmental protection, for the sustainable development of society, for the rational use and reproduction of natural resources. The article is devoted to the research of the current tendencies of the use of fiscal policy measures in the implementation of the national environmental policy in the sphere of atmospheric air protection in Ukraine. The ways of improvement of environmental taxation and development of the main ways of development and expansion of the system of ecological taxation and ecological governance in Ukraine were discovered. Keywords: atmospheric air, environmental air safety, fiscal policy, environmental taxation, implementation of the national environmental policy,
Urban Resident Views About Open Green Spaces: A Study in Güzelyurt (Morphou), Cyprus
Authors: Yıldırım Sinem , Asilsoy Buket , Özden Özge 
Published: June 2020

A dramatic demographic shift regarding urbanization is occurring globally. Between 2000 and 2050, the ratio of individuals in urban spaces is projected to rise from 46.6 % to 69.6%. Environmental pollution, urban heat island effect and climate change are among the hazardous effects of urbanization. Critical ecosystem services can be provided with urban green areas such as parks, roof gardens, streams, forests and community gardens etc. Walking, running or biking activities, psychological well-being and public health of urban inhabitants can also be supported via green space. Urban landscape areas are also significant for Cyprus as there is an on-going remarkable urbanization. Particularly, due to urbanization, the importance of green spaces in cities is becoming important. During this study, open and green space as urban landscape areas in Güzelyurt (Morphou) was investigated. This is the first study to examine user satisfaction and views of open and green spaces in Güzelyurt (Morphou) region, Cyprus. A questionnaire with 60 participants were conducted in order to understand respondents’ suggestions about several aspects of existing open and green spaces in Güzelyurt, north Cyprus. According to the findings, respondents were mostly dissatisfied about urban and open spaces in the city. Our results indicate that local authorities or municipal organizations should legalize the planning of urban parks, open spaces and green areas with long term perspective. Keywords: Urbanization, Green space, urban park, landscape, Güzelyurt, Cyprus