bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorder symptomatology, clinical impairment, and comorbid psychopathology in racially and ethnically diverse college women with eating disorders
Authors: Monterubio Grace E. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Sadeh‐Sharvit Shiri , Goel Neha J. , Laing Olivia , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Flatt Rachael E. , Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, related clinical impairment, and comorbid psychopathology in college women with EDs across five racial and two ethnic groups.MethodParticipants were 690 women from 28 US universities who screened positive for an ED. Thirteen variables assessing ED symptoms, related clinical impairment, and comorbid psychopathology were compared across racial and ethnic groups using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and independent samples t‐tests.ResultsAcross racial groups, significant differences emerged in binge eating and laxative use. Asian women reported significantly more binge eating than White women (p < .01). Individuals self‐identified as the “Other” racial group reported greater laxative use than Asian and White women (ps ≤ .01). No other significant differences emerged across all other variables (ps ≥ .13). Across ethnic groups, Hispanic women reported significantly more laxative use (p < .01), and more comorbid insomnia symptoms (p = .03) than non‐Hispanic women. No other significant differences were observed (ps ≥ .24).DiscussionFindings suggest that binge eating, laxative use, and insomnia symptoms differ across racial and ethnic groups in US college women who screened positive for EDs. Findings can inform tailoring of ED screening to reduce current disparities in these underrepresented populations.
Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance Study: design and rationale
Authors: Cox Zachary L. , Fleming James , Ivey‐Miranda Juan , Griffin Matthew , Mahoney Devin , Jackson Keyanna , Hodson Daniel Z. , Thomas Daniel , Gomez Nicole , Rao Veena S. , Testani Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiuretic resistance is a common complication impairing decongestion during hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The current understanding of diuretic resistance mechanisms in ADHF is based upon extrapolations from other disease states and healthy volunteers. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the dominant mechanisms in other populations have limited influence on diuretic response in ADHF. Additionally, the ability to rapidly and reliably diagnose diuretic resistance is inadequate using currently available tools.AimsThe Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance (MDR) Study is designed to rigorously investigate the mechanisms of diuretic resistance and develop tools to rapidly predict diuretic response in a prospective cohort hospitalized with ADHF.MethodsStudy assessments occur serially during the ADHF hospitalization and after discharge. Each assessment includes a supervised 6‐hour urine collection with baseline blood and timed spot urine collections following loop diuretic administration. Patient characteristics, medications, physical exam findings, and both in‐hospital and post‐discharge HF outcomes are collected. Patients with diuretic resistance are eligible for a randomized sub‐study comparing an increased loop diuretic dose with combination diuretic therapy of loop diuretic plus chlorothiazide.ConclusionsThe Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance Study will establish a prospective patient cohort and biorepository to investigate the mechanisms of diuretic resistance and urine biomarkers to rapidly predict loop diuretic resistance.
A game‐theoretic approach for ensuring trustworthiness in cyber‐physical systems with applications to multiloop UAV control
Authors: Jithish J. , Sankaran Sriram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvancements in computing and communication technologies, coupled with the ubiquitous availability of low‐cost embedded devices, have enabled the vision of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs). With the advent of advanced persistent threats, CPSs are more vulnerable to sophisticated cyber‐attacks that cause catastrophic damages, thereby necessitating the development of novel defence architectures for CPS security. This work presents an analytical framework based on noncooperative game theory to evaluate the trustworthiness of individual nodes that constitute CPSs. The proposed approach uses the Nash equilibrium solution to derive a minimum trust threshold score for the CPS nodes. The game‐theoretic framework is evaluated on a supervisory control and data acquisition system prototype to model the evolution of the trust scores its sensors. Furthermore, we apply the model on a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system and derive the trust threshold. The trust threshold represents the minimum trust score required to be maintained by individual UAV nodes. Nodes with trust scores below the threshold are potentially malicious and may be removed or isolated to ensure the secure operation of the system. The proposed approach is successfully implemented to detect malicious behavior in a simulated multiloop UAV control system with a fewer number of false‐positives, achieving a maximum accuracy of 98.85% across different scenarios.
Biomarker counseling, disclosure of diagnosis and follow‐up in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A European Alzheimer's disease consortium survey
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian S. , Nielsen Thomas R. , Appollonio Ildebrando , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Riverol Mario , Boada Mercè , Ceccaldi Mathieu , Dubois Bruno , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frölich Lutz , Hausner Lucrezia , Gabelle Audrey , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Grimmer Timo , Hanseeuw Bernard , Hort Jakub , Hugon Jacques , Jelic Vesna , Koivisto Anne , Kramberger Milica G. , Lebouvier Thibaud , Lleó Alberto , de Mendonça Alexandre , Nobili Flavio , Ousset Pierre‐Jean , Perneczky Robert , Olde Rikkert Marcel , Robinson David , Rouaud Olivier , Sánchez Elisabet , Santana Isabel , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Sheardova Katerina , Sloan Stephanie , Spiru Luiza , Stefanova Elka , Traykov Latchezar , Yener Görsev , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with an increased risk of further cognitive decline, partly depending on demographics and biomarker status. The aim of the present study was to survey the clinical practices of physicians in terms of biomarker counseling, management, and follow‐up in European expert centers diagnosing patients with MCI.MethodsAn online email survey was distributed to physicians affiliated with European Alzheimer's disease Consortium centers (Northern Europe: 10 centers; Eastern and Central Europe: 9 centers; and Southern Europe: 15 centers) with questions on attitudes toward biomarkers and biomarker counseling in MCI and dementia. This included postbiomarker counseling and the process of diagnostic disclosure of MCI, as well as treatment and follow‐up in MCI.ResultsThe response rate for the survey was 80.9% (34 of 42 centers) across 20 countries. A large majority of physicians had access to biomarkers and found them useful. Pre‐ and postbiomarker counseling varied across centers, as did practices for referral to support groups and advice on preventive strategies. Less than half reported discussing driving and advance care planning with patients with MCI.ConclusionsThe variability in clinical practices across centers calls for better biomarker counseling and better training to improve communication skills. Future initiatives should address the importance of communicating preventive strategies and advance planning.
The impact of terrorism on formal and informal economy in African countries
Authors: Sekrafi Habib , Abid Mehdi , Assidi Soufiene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of terrorist attacks on the formal and informal economy for 47 African countries during the period 1996–2015. Four terrorism indicators are used, namely, domestic, transnational, uncertain and total terrorism. The empirical results are based on the two‐step Generalized Method of Moments in system. Three key findings are established. First, all terrorist indicators affect negatively the formal economy and positively the informal economy. This effect may be due not only to the size and maturity of the African economy, but also to the adoption of less conservative public policies. Second, an aggregate analysis identifying the impact of terrorism on various macroeconomic variables sheds light on the impact of terrorism on the overall situation of the African economy. Third, compared to domestic terrorism, transnational terrorism more significantly and negatively affects the formal economy and positively affects the informal economy. Political implications are discussed.
Tell the Story, Speak the Truth: Creating a Third Space Through Spoken Word Poetry
Authors: Jones Katelyn , Curwood Jen Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYoung people around the world are engaging in innovative literacy practices through their creation of, and engagement with, spoken word poetry. From community‐based slams to school‐based workshops to online videos, this genre has become increasingly popular with marginalized youth who have an opportunity to have their often‐silenced voices heard and receive instantaneous feedback on their creative work. Situated in Sydney, Australia, the authors used a multicase embedded research approach to investigate how spoken word poetry workshops employ culturally sustaining pedagogy, create a third space for literacy development, and encourage diverse students to develop and strengthen their critical literacy skills. The authors highlight a rich array of diverse voices, explore the instrumental role of mentor poets, and provide teachers with practical approaches to incorporating culturally sustaining pedagogy while enhancing students’ critical literacy.
Susceptibility to COVID‐19 in populations with health disparities: Posited involvement of mitochondrial disorder, socioeconomic stress, and pollutants
Authors: Yao Yunyi , Lawrence David A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is a novel betacoronavirus that has caused the global health crisis known as COVID‐19. The implications of mitochondrial dysfunction with COVID‐19 are discussed as well as deregulated mitochondria and inter‐organelle functions as a posited comorbidity enhancing detrimental outcomes. Many environmental chemicals (ECs) and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals can do damage to mitochondria and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. During infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 via its binding target ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can disrupt mitochondrial function. Viral genomic RNA and structural proteins may also affect the normal function of the mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi apparatus. Drugs considered for treatment of COVID‐19 should consider effects on organelles including mitochondria functions. Mitochondrial self‐balance and clearance via mitophagy are important in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which indicate monitoring and protection of mitochondria against SARS‐CoV‐2 are important. Mitochondrial metabolomic analysis may provide new indicators of COVID‐19 prognosis. A better understanding of the role of mitochondria during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may help to improve intervention therapies and better protect mitochondrial disease patients from pathogens as well as people living with poor nutrition and elevated levels of socioeconomic stress and ECs.
Haploinsufficiency as a disease mechanism in GNB1‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Schultz‐Rogers Laura , Masuho Ikuo , Pinto e Vairo Filippo , Schmitz Christopher T. , Schwab Tanya L. , Clark Karl J. , Gunderson Lauren , Pichurin Pavel N. , Wierenga Klaas , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Klee Eric W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGNB1 encodes a subunit of a heterotrimeric G‐protein complex that transduces intracellular signaling cascades. Disruptions to the gene have previously been shown to be embryonic lethal in knockout mice and to cause complex neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. To date, the majority of variants associated with disease in humans have been missense variants in exons 5‐7.MethodsGenetic sequencing was performed on two patients presenting with complex neurological phenotypes including intellectual disability, hypotonia, and in one patient seizures. Reported variants were assessed using RNA sequencing and functional BRET/BiFC assays.ResultsA splice variant reported in patient 1 was confirmed to cause usage of a cryptic splice site leading to a truncated protein product. Patient 2 was reported to have a truncating variant. BRET and BiFC assays of both patient variants confirmed both were deficient in inducing GPCR‐induced G protein activation due to lack of dimer formation with the Gγ subunit.ConclusionHere, we report two patients with functionally confirmed loss of function variants in GNB1 and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including intellectual disability, hypotonia, and seizures in one patient. These results suggest haploinsufficiency of GNB1 is a mechanism for neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
Lurasidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine extended‐release for bipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of phase 3 trials in Japan
Authors: Kishi Taro , Yoshimura Reiji , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Iwata Nakao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis systematic review and random‐effect model, network meta‐analysis of the phase 3 trials in Japan assessed the efficacy and safety profile of lurasidone compared with olanzapine and quetiapine extended‐release (QUE‐XR) for the treatment of bipolar depression.MethodsThe study included double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trials in Japan that included patients with bipolar depression. Outcomes included response rate (primary), remission rate (secondary), improvement of Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score, discontinuation rates, and incidence of individual adverse events.ResultsThree studies were included (n = 1223). Lurasidone and olanzapine but not QUE‐XR were superior to placebo in response rate [risk ratio (95% credible interval): lurasidone = 0.78 (0.66, 0.92); olanzapine = 0.84 (0.71, 0.99); QUE‐XR = 0.87 (0.73, 1.03)]. Lurasidone, olanzapine and QUE‐XR were superior to placebo in remission rate [lurasidone = 0.90 (0.83, 0.98); olanzapine = 0.87 (0.77, 0.99); QUE‐XR = 0.84 (0.73, 0.98)] and the improvement of MADRS total score. There were not differences in discontinuation rates between each antipsychotic and placebo. Compared with placebo, lurasidone was higher incidence of akathisia, and increased body weight and blood prolactin level; olanzapine was higher incidence of somnolence and ≥7% weight gain, and increased body weight, blood total cholesterol level, blood LDL cholesterol level, and blood triglyceride levels; QUE‐XR was higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation and ≥7% weight gain, and increased body weight, blood total cholesterol level, blood LDL cholesterol level, and blood triglyceride levels.ConclusionsOur results suggested although the efficacy of three SGAs was similar, there were the differences in the safety profile among the SGAs.
Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications
Authors: Chundawat Narendra Singh , Parmar Bhavani Shanker , Deuri Arup Saha , Vaidya Dilip , Sepehr Koushan Sineh , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports walnut shell ash (WNS ash) a sustainable material for tubeless inner liner application. This sustainable material replaced the commercial magnesium oxide (MgO).The WNS ash generated at 550°C, is found to have 72% alkali metal and alkali earth metal, whereas commercial MgO shows 95% alkali metal and alkali earth metal. It was observed in this study WNS ash perform as cure retarder in bromobutyl rubber/bromo isobutylene isoprene rubber‐based tube less inner liner compound and its performance was similar with commercial MgO; however, not exactly equivalent. Optimum cure retardation found at 0.40 phr loading with WNS ash. Interestingly, due to sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn), the WNS ash produced some cure activation effect. Cure rate was observed for 0.40 phr WNS ash load in gum/filled formulations at 35/15 minutes−1 compared to 30/10 minutes−1 in commercial MgO at 0.30 phr. Physical properties of compound made with 0.40 phr WNS ash and 0.30 phr MgO found comparable in both gum and filled system. Alkali metal and alkali earth metal of WNS ash at 0.40 phr loading is equivalent to 0.30 phr of MgO. This material is an important gateway in the rubber industry as a multifunction sustainable material.
Cancer nanotheranostics in the second near‐infrared window
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Huang Kai , Qu Junle , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanotheranostics is an attractive and fast developing nanomedicine technology that integrates both diagnostics and therapeutics in a single nanoplatform. It ensures consistent spatiotemporal distribution and uniform targeting of the imaging and therapeutic agents, thus desirable for real‐time monitoring of in situ therapeutic effects and long‐term tailorable therapeutics in accordance to disease prognosis for personalized medicine. Optical stimuli of nanotheranostics offer easy and precise controllability to combat cancer. Compared with the conventional use of visible and the first near‐infrared region light, using the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region light as the incident excitation enables cancer nanotheranostics to go deeper and with enhanced theranostic efficiency. Realizing the extraordinary advantages of accomplishing cancer nanotheranostics in the NIR‐II region, burgeoning research efforts were devoted to this field. This review aims to analyze the available imaging and therapeutic approaches to realize nanotheranostics in the NIR‐II region, and to summarize the current applications of cancer nanotheranostics in the NIR‐II region. In the end, we will discuss the challenges and outlook on the possible perspectives in the field.
Introduction
Authors: Luckman Susan , Andrew Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the larger context within which Australian craftspeople and designer makers, like their colleagues elsewhere across the Global North, operate. On the consumer side demand for the handmade or artisanal and increasing interest in making processes themselves, is, we argue, part of a wider pushback against the impositions of the digital into our everyday lives, that is an attempt at a correction or seeking out of balance now that we are a generation into the normalisation of digital communication and other technologies. The chapter introduces the research project the book’s findings are based on including the research design, methods and data that inform the discussions to come. It also briefly outlines the strength of contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander craft and designer maker activity.
Selling Craft and Design: The Cultural and Economic Intricacies of the Contemporary Artisanal Marketplace
Authors: Luckman Susan , Andrew Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the contemporary marketplace for Australian craft and designer maker products as experienced by the makers and mediators in our study. What became clear was the ongoing importance of place—including localness and proximity—to the Australian market. Here emerges a paradox in the current relationship between craft and digital technology. Whereas the whole moment of growth in handmaking is in so many ways a direct result of the internet, with its greater access to materials, skills knowledge and (potentially) markets, it is the value of a face-to-face, hand-to-hand economy, we argue, that is clearly also re-asserting itself here.
Co-Creating Digital Public Services
Authors: Jarke Juliane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews key literature and concepts relating to the co-creation of digital public services. For this task, it is firstly important to consider what kind of digital public services may be suitable for co-creation. In order to do so, the first section of this chapter defines what a digital public service is (e.g. with respect to different types of service providers, different types of services and service delivery) and considers what kind of digital public services allow for meaningful citizen participation. To better conceptualise different degrees of participation, the subsequent section reviews Arnstein’s (1969) “ladder of citizen participation” and related work. This allows distinguishing between different degrees of non-participation, (consultative) participation and beyond. Thirdly, the chapter reviews traditional participatory approaches that provide the basis to co-creating of digital public services: (1) co-production of public services, (2) co-design and (3) civic open data use. The chapter summarises and compares the different rationales for participation in these approaches, and reviews how they understand the sharing of control, the sharing of knowledge and the enabling of change.
Dominant shrub species are a strong predictor of plant species diversity along subalpine pasture-shrub transects
Authors: Zehnder Tobias , Lüscher Andreas , Ritzmann Carmen , Pauler Caren M. , Berard Joel , Kreuzer Michael , Schneider Manuel K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbandonment of pastures and successional shrub expansion are widespread in European mountain regions. Moderate shrub encroachment is perceived beneficial for plant diversity by adding new species without outcompeting existing ones, yet systematic evidence is missing. We surveyed vegetation along 24 transects from open pasture into shrubland across the Swiss Alps using a new protocol distinguishing different spatial scales, shrub cover of each plot (2 × 2 m) and larger-scale zonal cover along the transect. Data were analysed using generalized linear models of shrub cover, shrub species and environmental conditions, such as geology, aspect or soil. Most shrub communities were dominated by Alnus viridis (62% of transects) and Pinus mugo (25%), and the rest by other shrub species (13%). These dominant shrub species explained vegetation response to shrub cover well, without need of environmental variables in the model. Compared to open pasture, A. viridis resulted in an immediate linear decline in plant species richness and a marginal increase in beta-diversity (maximally + 10% at 35% cover). Dense A. viridis hosted 62% less species than open pasture. In P. mugo, species richness remained stable until 40% shrub cover and dropped thereafter; beta-diversity peaked at 35% cover. Hence, scattered P. mugo increases beta-diversity without impairing species richness. In transects dominated by other shrubs, species richness and beta-diversity peaked at 40–60% shrub cover (+ 23% both). A. viridis reduced species richness in a larger area around the shrubs than P. mugo. Therefore, effects of shrub encroachment on plant diversity cannot be generalized and depend on dominant shrub species.