bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA NEAT1 promotes proliferation of chondrocytes via down‐regulation of miR‐16‐5p in osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Dan , Sun Yongjin , Wan Yunpeng , Wu Xing , Yang Wanrong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐coding RNAs are endogenous regulators of gene expression that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Long non‐coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and miR‐16‐5p are up‐regulated in OA tissues; however, their functions have not been clarified.MethodsChondrocyte ATDC5 was used as a cell model. NEAT1 overexpression and knockdown cells were established by transfection with lipofectamine. miR‐16‐5p was also transfected into the cells using lipofectamine. Moreover, cell proliferation was examined using cell counting kit‐8 assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The interaction between NEAT1 and miR‐16‐5p was validated by a Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and dual‐luciferase reporter assays.ResultsNEAT1 could increase cell viability and decrease apoptosis of ATDC5 cells, whereas miR‐16‐5p had the opposite effects. NEAT1 could specifically bind to miR‐16‐5p and reduce its expression.ConclusionsThe suppression of miR‐16‐5p, as mediated by NEAT1 overexpression, could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes. It was also revealed that NEAT1 is a “double‐edged sword” during the development of OA.
Evaluation of the capability of global climate models in reproducing the temporal clustering in heavy precipitation over Europe
Authors: Yang Zhiqi , Villarini Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvaluating the capability of global climate models (GCMs) in reproducing the historical records represents a way of building confidence in their capability for future projections. Among the different ways of evaluating them, here we focus on their capability in reproducing the temporal clustering of heavy precipitation events across Europe in light of four climate modes [the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and the Scandinavia pattern (SCAND)], and GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and the large ensemble runs using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We use a peak over threshold (POT) approach to identify heavy precipitation events, and Cox regression to relate the occurrence of these events to the climate modes. We find that the GCMs can capture the temporal clustering in heavy precipitation across Europe as a function of these four climate modes; moreover, our findings indicate the GCMs can better reproduce the relationship between heavy precipitation and AO/SCAND, than NAO/EA. Comparing the results based on CMIP5 models and CESM, we find that the inter‐model uncertainties are larger than the intra‐model ones in most of the cases, even though CESM tends to have a poorer performance for EA; this shortcoming for CESM is likely due to the pattern of the Z500 anomalies which is different from the reference data when EA is in the positive phase, affecting the transport of moisture across Europe.
Investigation on the chiral recognition mechanism between verteporfin and cholate salts by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Zhongqi , Xue Tianfeng , He Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, capillary electrophoresis was applied to investigate the chiral recognition mechanism for the enantioseparation on a well‐known second‐generation photodynamic therapy drug of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A, that is, verteporfin. In our previous study, cholate salts have been studied as the chiral selectors, which can realize baseline separation of the four verteporfin isomers. Aiming to reveal the chiral recognition mechanism, the separation effect of several kinds of chiral selectors was discussed. According to the results and references, the chiral separation mechanism of this system was concluded: the analytes selectively combine with the chiral micelles, that is, dynamic H‐bonds interactions occur between the hydroxyl groups on the outer side of the cholate micelles and the ester/carboxy groups of the four isomers. In addition, the role of dimethyl formamide as an organic modifier was also researched, including reducing the effective mobility of the analytes and mobility of electroosmotic flow, and preventing them from adsorbing to the capillary wall and self‐aggregating of verteporfin, which are pretty beneficial for separation. The method used in this article provides a direct and reliable solution to study the mechanism of chiral separation.
Open Science Practices at the Journal of Traumatic Stress
Authors: Kerig Patricia K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis editorial describes new initiatives designed to promote and maintain open science practices (OSP) at the Journal of Traumatic Stress, to be enacted beginning January 2020. Following a brief description of the rationale underlying the argument for conducting and reporting research in ways that maximize transparency and replicability, this article summarizes changes in Journal submission and publication procedures that are designed to foster and highlight such practices. These include requesting an Open Science Practices Statement from authors of all accepted manuscripts, which will be published as supplementary material for each article, and providing authors with the opportunity to earn OSP badges for preregistering studies, making data available to other researchers by posting on a third party archive, and making available research materials and codes used in the study.
Invasion Patterns of External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Histopathology Study
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Santos Felipe , Nadol Joseph B. , Horowitz Gilad , Fliss Dan M. , Faquin William C. , Handzel Ophir 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the histopathology of the invasion patterns of advanced‐stage external auditory canal (EAC) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with EAC SCC available at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear temporal bone (TB) collection. TBs underwent processing for histologic examination. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides were examined. Histologic findings were compared to premortem clinical data.ResultsNine TBs were identified. Male:female ratio was 6:3. The average age of diagnosis and duration of survival was 64 (46–80 years) and 2.3 years (1–50 months), respectively. All presented with T4 disease, most commonly due to petrous apex (PA) invasion and facial nerve (FN) weakness. The mastoid air cells system served as a tumor conduit to the tegmen mastoideum and overlying dura in four patients, posterior fossa dura in one patient, vertical segment of FN in four patients, and middle ear (ME) and lateral semicircular canal in five patients. The tumor did not penetrate the tympanic membrane, oval window membrane (fenestra vestibule), or round window (RW) membrane. Supra‐ and infralabyrinthine pneumatization patterns allowed direct routes to the PA. Translabyrinthine PA invasion was seen in two patients. The most common locus of otic capsule invasion was the cochlea. One patient had FN paralysis due to compression rather than invasion.ConclusionsSCC does not tend to extend from the ME to the inner ear through the RW and vestibule‐stapedial ligament. Tumors tend to spread along the preexisting TB air‐tract routes. Well‐aerated TB, may facilitate extension to the PA.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E590–E597, 2021
Facile Photo and Thermal Two‐Stage Curing for High‐Performance 3D Printing of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Ji Zhongying , Jiang Dong , Zhang Xiaoqin , Guo Yuxiong , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is realized with a two‐state curing strategy, i.e., photocuring for additively manufacturing high‐precision architectures followed by thermal cross‐linking for high‐performance objects, taking Sylgard‐184 as an example. In the mixture of base and curing agent of Sylgard‐184, the photocuring ingredient methacrylated PDMS is incorporated to form hybrid inks with not only high‐efficiency UV curing ability but also moderate rheological properties for 3D printing. The inks are then used to additively manufacture high‐precision architectures by UV‐assisted direct ink writing. Various architectures such as lattices and honeycombs, channels that can be used as microfluidics, and pressure‐proof pipes with a feature size of ≈100 µm, can be readily printed. Thereafter, thermal cross‐linking at elevated temperature is conducted to obtain the 3D PDMS objects with comparable properties to Sylgard‐184. The facile, universal two‐stage approach to 3D printing of PDMS can facilitate the development of microfluidics, flexible electronics, soft robots, and so on.
A polygenic biomarker to identify patients with severe hypercholesterolemia of polygenic origin
Authors: Leal Luis G. , Hoggart Clive , Jarvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Sternberg Michael J. E. , David Alessia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere hypercholesterolemia (HC, LDL‐C > 4.9 mmol/L) affects over 30 million people worldwide. In this study, we validated a new polygenic risk score (PRS) for LDL‐C.MethodsSummary statistics from the Global Lipid Genome Consortium and genotype data from two large populations were used.ResultsA 36‐SNP PRS was generated using data for 2,197 white Americans. In a replication cohort of 4,787 Finns, the PRS was strongly associated with the LDL‐C trait and explained 8% of its variability (p = 10–41). After risk categorization, the risk of having HC was higher in the high‐ versus low‐risk group (RR = 4.17, p < 1 × 10−7). Compared to a 12‐SNP LDL‐C raising score (currently used in the United Kingdom), the PRS explained more LDL‐C variability (8% vs. 6%). Among Finns with severe HC, 53% (66/124) versus 44% (55/124) were classified as high risk by the PRS and LDL‐C raising score, respectively. Moreover, 54% of individuals with severe HC defined as low risk by the LDL‐C raising score were reclassified to intermediate or high risk by the new PRS.ConclusionThe new PRS has a better predictive role in identifying HC of polygenic origin compared to the currently available method and can better stratify patients into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms.
Applications of benchtop NMR in the organic chemistry instructional laboratory
Authors: Morrison Richard W. , Zhang Mengqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe instructional organic chemistry laboratory has been substantially improved through the implementation of benchtop NMR analysis. When used in conjunction with unknown reaction components in multi‐outcome experiments, NMR analysis transforms the laboratory exercise into an investigative inquiry wherein students elucidate structures for their products and thereby deduce their unknown reaction components. This analytical approach closely models the research laboratory and is a valuable preparatory tool for undergraduate researchers. Three newly developed multi‐outcome experiments based upon the Diels–Alder cycloaddition, the synthesis of carboxylic amides, and the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation are herein described to illustrate the utility of benchtop NMR analysis in the instructional laboratory.
Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A. , Goedee H. Stephan , Attarian Shahram , Hartung Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince March 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to the need to re‐think the delivery of services to patients with chronic dysimmune neuropathies. Telephone/video consultations have become widespread but have compounded concerns about objective evaluation. Therapeutic decisions need, more than ever before, to be considered in the best interests of both patients, and society, while not denying function‐preserving/restoring treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy and plasma exchange, for those treated outside of the home, expose patients to the hazards of hospital or outpatient infusion centers. Steroid therapy initiation and continuation pose increased infectious risk. Immunosuppressant therapy similarly becomes highly problematic, with the risks of treatment continuation enhanced by uncertainties regarding duration of the pandemic. The required processes necessitate considerable time and effort especially as resources and staff are re‐deployed to face the pandemic, but are essential for protecting this group of patients and as an integral part of wider public health actions.
Treatment of generalized infantile myofibromatosis with sorafenib and imatinib: A case report
Authors: Bidadi Behzad , Watson Andrea , Weigel Brenda , Oliveira Andre , Kirkham Justin , Arndt Carola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfantile myofibromatosis (IM) is characterized by solitary musculoskeletal nodules presenting during infancy but can manifest as multiple lesions with visceral involvement. Multicentric IM with visceral involvement carries a high risk of mortality and there is no consensus on treatment. We present a case of a patient with multicentric IM and pulmonary involvement who progressed on several chemotherapeutic regimens and subsequently had a complete response to sorafenib and later imatinib. This report describes the novel use of sorafenib and imatinib to treat generalized IM and the role of continued tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy to maintain remission.
The association between aspirin use and depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Kim Hong‐Bae , Kim Jong‐Sung , Jung Jin‐Gyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeMany clinical trials and observational studies have been conducted under the premise that the anti‐inflammatory effect of aspirin may prevent depression. These studies, however, showed inconsistent results. To inspect the association between aspirin use and depression, we conducted a meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsIn August 2019, two authors independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to retrieve observational epidemiological studies presenting an association between aspirin use and depression. Case‐control and cohort studies were included, and odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of depression were estimated using a random‐effects model. In addition, number needed to harm (NNH) was calculated to measure the rates of depression.ResultsIn total, 12 observational studies—five case‐control studies and seven prospective cohort studies—were included in this meta‐analysis. The random‐effects model demonstrated a significant association between aspirin use and depression (OR/RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.16) with insignificant heterogeneity (I2 = 23.3%). The risk estimates of depression from prospective cohort studies were similar (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08‐1.14), and heterogeneity was not observed (I2 = 0.0%). In the subgroup meta‐analysis, a duration of aspirin use ≥5 years and a dosage ≥500 mg daily were also associated with depression. The NNH for depression with aspirin use >5 years was 103 (95% CI 91‐111) indicating that observed event is rare.ConclusionsAspirin use was associated with depression in the present meta‐analysis. One of the major limitations is the lack of detail and consistency with respect to exposure verification in the included papers. Another limitation is the lack of randomized controlled studies and prospective cohort studies.
Copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition‐assisted polymerization of linear glucose‐derived co/polymers
Authors: Fuchs Pascal , Vana Philipp , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of linear and controllable oligomers and polymers using sugar‐derived monomers is still highly challenging. Herein, we present a method allowing the linear polymerization of a bifunctional glucose derivative as monomer, which contained an azide group at C1 and a propargyl group at C4 position of the glucose ring. The reaction conditions were optimized by grafting the monomer onto the surface of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and at the end‐modified polyethylene glycol (PEG). For grafting the surface of SiNPs with the monomer, an azide‐bearing chlorosilane linker was synthesized and introduced onto SiNPs surface. The copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition using the glucose‐derived monomer led to the growth of linear triazole‐linked oligosaccharide‐mimics on the surface of SiNPs with a degree of polymerization up to 13 and the formation of cyclic trimers and tetramers in the solution. Furthermore, during polymerization of the monomer at end‐modified PEG, various linear diblock‐copolymers pseudo‐cellulose‐block‐PEG and triblock‐copolymers pseudo‐cellulose‐block‐PEG‐block‐pseudo‐cellulose were obtained. The polymerization reactions expired with nearly complete consumption of the monomer and high yields between 88 and 94% were achieved. Obtained block‐copolymers showed amphiphilic properties that helped to fractionate obtained polymers into lower and higher molecular weight fractions with narrow polymer dispersity Đ.
Recent advances in paleoclimatological studies of Arctic wedge‐ and pore‐ice stable‐water isotope records
Authors: Porter Trevor J. , Opel Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLate Pleistocene and Holocene ground ice are common throughout the Arctic. Some forms of relict ground ice preserve local meteoric water, and their stable oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐isotope ratios can be used to reconstruct past air temperatures. In this paper, we review the formation and sampling of two forms of relict ground ice—wedge ice and pore ice—and recent (2010–2019) advances in paleoclimatological studies of ground‐ice stable isotope records in the Arctic. Recent advances are attributed to better chronological constraints and refined understandings of the systematics and seasonality of relict wedge ice and pore ice. A rich network of ice‐wedge records has emerged, primarily from the Siberian Arctic, whereas pore‐ice records are less common. The ice‐wedge network depicts a robust pattern of late Pleistocene cooling, and remarkably similar temperature depressions during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2. Very high‐resolution wedge‐ and pore‐ice stable isotope chronologies have been established recently and used to reconstruct winter and summer climate histories and to assess seasonal dependencies in insolation‐forced climate. Reports of ancient (>125 ka BP) ground ice demonstrate its long‐term persistence, and its potential to expand our knowledge of Quaternary climate dynamics in the terrestrial Arctic.
Mechanism of Influence of High‐Speed Self‐Spin on Ignition Transients for a Solid Rocket Motor: a Numerical Simulation
Authors: Guan Dian , Li Shipeng , Sui Xin , Wang Ningfei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐speed self‐spin is one of extreme working conditions that alters ignition internal ballistic performance and can induce ignition abnormalities. To demonstrate the studies on mechanism of interior ballistics as the results of acceleration loads imposed on spinning SRM, the modes of swirl dynamical flow and acceleration‐induced combustion phenomena for igniter and propellant are developed and first taken into account in a new ignition model by user‐defined sources (UDS). To verify the model, the heat transfer, added‐mass and build‐up pressure modes of this ignition model are verified by comparison with static ignition experimental data, second, the swirl flow field mode is validated through comparison between models and by analogy with experimental phenomena, then the numerical model is proved by grid‐independent verification. Dimensionless analysis eliminates diversity in time scales at different periods. The influences of swirl flow, igniter, and propulsion acceleration‐induced combustion on various stages of ignition are studied. It was found that: (1) Time scale in the ignition process of spinning SRM is mainly affected by the igniter‘s sensitivity to rotational acceleration (Aig), whose change is approximately described as an empirical equation based on rotational overload (α) and ignition sensitivity coefficient limit Aig,max; (2) The acceleration effect on propellant combustion is mainly manifested in the pressure peak and the pressure rate, however, it has little effect on the ignition delay; (3) Swirl flow factors are not the main factors affecting the ignition process for small SRMs with small‐contraction nozzles.
Pool fire suppression performance by twin‐fluid water mist under low pressures in an altitude chamber
Authors: Ma Qiuju , Wan Mengsai , Shao Juncheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFire suppression tests using low pressure twin‐fluid water mist under low pressure environments were carried out to exam the performance of water mist systems at low pressure environments. The experiment results show that the suppression time gets shorter for lower chamber pressure, and relevant total weight of water and nitrogen used decreases as the chamber pressure gets lower. For the case of 30‐cm diameter pool fire, the suppression times are 20.19, 7.5, and 2.24 under the chamber pressure of 60, 38, and 24 kPa, respectively. In case of a cargo compartments fire, it is suggested to open the ventilation valve of the cargo compartment at a high cruising altitude to relieve pressure, so as to achieve rapid fire suppression. When a fire happens at the position off the center below the water mist nozzle, the water mist suppression effects will be weakened. The fire size has little effects on the fire extinguishing process under pressure of 24 kPa. Under the critical atomization condition with the pressure differential between the inlet and outlet of the nozzle for water as 0.05 MPa (5.04 L/min), and the pressure differential for nitrogen as 0.10 MPa (10.97 L/min), the suppression time is the shortest as 18.66 seconds.
Computational insights of two‐dimensional infrared spectroscopy under electric fields in phosphorylcholine
Authors: Ren Hai Chao , Yuan Jiao Nan , Chen Tu Nan , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Zhang Xiu Qing , Wei Dong‐Qing , Ji Guang Fu , Zhang Zeng Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfluence of static electric field in biological cells causes electroporation, which results in the increase of permeability of the cells and phospholipid bilayer. However, the precise mode of action of electric fields on phospholipid bilayer and their quantum mechanics are still unclear. Therefore, to understand the quantum‐based biological effect, we aimed to study two‐dimensional infrared (2D‐IR) spectra‐adopted quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations under the influence of static electric fields on Phosphorylcholine, an important component in phospholipid membrane. Initially, QM/MM studies were performed under the influence of electric field, ranging from −1.543 to 1.028 V/nm. A multilayer ONIOM model (in combination with DFT/B3LYP/6‐31G [d, p] and DREIDING force fields) was used to obtain 2D‐IR simulated spectra to calculate electrostatic interaction in the biological system. The results demonstrated that the phosphate group played an important role on α‐rotation in LUMO and the chlorine atom had a major contribution in HOMO. In addition, decreased number of hydrogen bonds demonstrated that uncoupling reaction of the P‐O stretching vibrations while the electric field was −1.542 V/nm. Moreover, we observed that the electric field is −1.028 V/nm, there is no rotational isomerization in phosphorylcholine. We concluded that the static electric fields significantly affect the anharmonic frequencies, vibration coupling and the structure of the phosphorylcholine.