bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The acute effect in performing common range of motion tests in healthy young adults: a prospective study
Authors: Holzgreve F. , Maurer-Grubinger C. , Isaak J. , Kokott P. , Mörl-Kreitschmann M. , Polte L. , Solimann A. , Wessler L. , Filmann N. , van Mark A. , Maltry L. , Groneberg D. A. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the application of range of motion (ROM) tests there is little agreement on the number of repetitions to be measured and the number of preceding warm-up protocols. In stretch training a plateau in ROM gains can be seen after four to five repetitions. With increasing number of repetitions, the gain in ROM is reduced. This study examines the question of whether such an effect occurs in common ROM tests. Twenty-two healthy sport students (10 m/12 f.) with an average age of 25.3 ± 1.94 years (average height 174.1 ± 9.8 cm; weight 66.6 ± 11.3 kg and BMI 21.9 ± 2.0 kg/cm2) volunteered in this study. Each subject performed five ROM tests in a randomized order—measured either via a tape measure or a digital inclinometer: Tape measure was used to evaluate the Fingertip-to-Floor test (FtF) and the Lateral Inclination test (LI). Retroflexion of the trunk modified after Janda (RF), Thomas test (TT) and a Shoulder test modified after Janda (ST) were evaluated with a digital inclinometer. In order to show general acute effects within 20 repetitions we performed ANOVA/Friedman-test with multiple comparisons. A non-linear regression was then performed to identify a plateau formation. Significance level was set at 5%. In seven out of eight ROM tests (five tests in total with three tests measured both left and right sides) significant flexibility gains were observed (FtF: p < 0.001; LI-left/right: p < 0.001/0.001; RF: p = 0.009; ST-left/right: p < 0.001/p = 0.003; TT-left: p < 0.001). A non-linear regression with random effects was successfully applied on FtF, RF, LI-left/right, ST-left and TT-left and thus, indicate a gradual decline in the amount of gained ROM. An acute effect was observed in most ROM tests, which is characterized by a gradual decline of ROM gain. For those tests, we can state that the acute effect described in the stretching literature also applies to the performance of typical ROM tests. Since a non-linear behavior was shown, it is the decision of the practitioner to weigh up between measurement accuracy and expenditure. Researchers and practitioners should consider this when applying ROM assessments to healthy young adults.
A promising approach in laser vitrectomy executed by plasma-mediated removal of vitreous body via a diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Uthoff Daniel , Oravecz Rita , Kuehnl Romina , Rubin-Schwarz Friederike , Frentzen Matthias , Schrage Norbert , Meister Jörg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo examine the applicability of plasma-mediated vitreous body removal, a diode-pumped Q-switched Neodymium:YAG laser was used for a possible application in eye surgery/vitrectomy. On a total of 1500 porcine vitreous bodies, removal rates were evaluated by comparing different LaserVit-tip designs (Mark I/II Gauge 19 and Mark III Gauge 22). The Nd:YAG laser, operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 4 ns, was utilized for vitreous body removal with respective settings of 2, 3 and 4 mJ and pulse repetition rates (cut rates) from 5 to 25 Hz (300–1500 /min) in 5 Hz-steps as well as for 100 Hz (6000 cuts/min). The exposure times were selected at 10, 20, 40 and 60 s, respectively. Comparative measurements were carried out with mechanical cutters (Gauge 20 and Gauge 23), applying a fixed cut rate of 800 /min (13.33 Hz) at identical exposure times. The LaserVit-tips showed successful vitreous body removal for all laser settings and exposure times (Mark I: 6.2 g/min, Mark II: 8.2 g/min at 1500 cuts/min and 3 mJ, Mark II: 10.1 g/min, Mark III: 3.6 g/min at 6000 cuts/min at 3 mJ). Similar tip-dimensions (Gauge 22laser and Gauge 23cutter) showed comparable removal rates of 3.6 g/minlaser and 1.3 g/mincutter with settings of 6000 cuts/min at 3 mJ (laser) and 800 cuts/min for the mechanical cutter. A diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser can successfully and gently remove vitreous body. The efficiency of the laser was comparable to that of mechanical cutters in terms of quantity of material removed per time unit.
Somatostatin expressing GABAergic interneurons in the medial entorhinal cortex preferentially inhibit layerIII-V pyramidal cells
Authors: Kecskés Miklós , Henn-Mike Nóra , Agócs-Laboda Ágnes , Szőcs Szilárd , Petykó Zoltán , Varga Csaba 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGABA released from heterogeneous types of interneurons acts in a complex spatio-temporal manner on postsynaptic targets in the networks. In addition to GABA, a large fraction of GABAergic cells also express neuromodulator peptides. Somatostatin (SOM) containing interneurons, in particular, have been recognized as key players in several brain circuits, however, the action of SOM and its downstream network effects remain largely unknown. Here, we used optogenetics, electrophysiologic, anatomical and behavioral experiments to reveal that the dendrite-targeting, SOM+ GABAergic interneurons demonstrate a unique layer-specific action in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) both in terms of GABAergic and SOM-related properties. We show that GABAergic and somatostatinergic neurotransmission originating from SOM+ local interneurons preferentially inhibit layerIII-V pyramidal cells, known to be involved in memory formation. We propose that this dendritic GABA–SOM dual inhibitory network motif within the MEC serves to selectively modulate working-memory formation without affecting the retrieval of already learned spatial navigation tasks.
A dearth of young and bright massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Schootemeijer A. , Langer N. , Lennon D. , Evans C. J. , Crowther P. A. , Geen S. , Howarth I. , de Koter A. , Menten K. M. , Vink J. S. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Massive star evolution at low metallicity is closely connected to many fields in high-redshift astrophysics, but is poorly understood so far. Because of its metallicity of ∼0.2 Z⊙, its proximity, and because it is currently forming stars, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a unique laboratory in which to study metal-poor massive stars.
Aims. We seek to improve the understanding of this topic using available SMC data and a comparison to stellar evolution predictions.
Methods. We used a recent catalog of spectral types in combination with Gaia magnitudes to calculate temperatures and luminosities of bright SMC stars. By comparing these with literature studies, we tested the validity of our method, and using Gaia data, we estimated the completeness of stars in the catalog as a function of luminosity. This allowed us to obtain a nearly complete view of the most luminous stars in the SMC. We also calculated the extinction distribution, the ionizing photon production rate, and the star formation rate.
Results. Our results imply that the SMS hosts only ∼30 very luminous main-sequence stars (M ≥ 40 M⊙; L ≳ 3 ⋅ 105 L⊙), which are far fewer than expected from the number of stars in the luminosity range 3 ⋅ 104 <  L/L⊙ <  3 ⋅ 105 and from the typically quoted star formation rate in the SMC. Even more striking, we find that for masses above M ≳ 20 M⊙, stars in the first half of their hydrogen-burning phase are almost absent. This mirrors a qualitatively similar peculiarity that is known for the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud. This amounts to a lack of hydrogen-burning counterparts of helium-burning stars, which is more pronounced for higher luminosities. We derived the H I ionizing photon production rate of the current massive star population. It agrees with the H α luminosity of the SMC.
Conclusions. We argue that a declining star formation rate or a steep initial mass function are unlikely to be the sole explanations for the dearth of young bright stars. Instead, many of these stars might be embedded in their birth clouds, although observational evidence for this is weak. We discuss implications for the role that massive stars played in cosmic reionization, and for the top end of the initial mass function.
Bewertung des Gesprächsverhaltens nach Schädel-Hirn-Trauma mit dem La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ): Erste Ergebnisse der deutschen Replikationsstudie an neurologisch gesunden Kontrollprobanden
Authors: Büttner-Kunert J. , Anzenberger M. , Müller V. P. , Douglas J. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) ist ein Verfahren, um Veränderungen des Gesprächsverhaltens nach Schädelhirntrauma zu erheben. Die vorliegende Version des LCQ ist im deutschsprachigen Raum derzeit der einzige psychometrisch untersuchte Fragebogen, mit dem kognitive Kommunikationsstörungen bei SHT sowohl aus der Perspektive von Betroffenen als auch Bezugspersonen bewertet werden können. Ziel der direkten Replikationsstudie war es zu prüfen, ob die deutsche Adaptation des LCQ zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen in der Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung führt wie die australische Originalversion. In dieser Pilotstudie wurde an einer Stichprobe von 160 Probanden (= 80 Dyaden) überprüft, ob sich bei neurologisch gesunden Probanden in Bezug auf die Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung ähnliche Resultate zeigen wie in der Originalversion: Die Selbstauskunft sollte im Vergleich zur Fremdauskunft kritischer ausfallen, was sich in einem höheren Punktwert im LCQ widerspiegeln sollte. Zudem sollten keine signifikanten Mittelwertsunterschiede für die Selbst- bzw. Fremdbeurteilung zwischen der Originalversion und der deutschsprachigen Version vorliegen. In der vorliegenden Studie konnten die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Originalstudie repliziert werden, was die Validität des LCQ untermauert.
Sensitivity of High-Pitch Dual-Source Computed Tomography for the Detection of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Infants
Authors: Well Lennart , Weinrich Julius Matthias , Meyer Mathias , Kehl Torben , Salamon Johannes , Rüffer André , Adam Gerhard , Herrmann Jochen , Groth Michael 
Published: December 2020

Purpose To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reliability of high-pitch dual-source computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the detection of anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) in infants with congenital heart defects and to assess the associated radiation exposure.
Materials and Methods 78 pulmonary veins in 17 consecutively enrolled patients with congenital heart defects (6 females; 11 males; median age: 6 days; range: 1–299 days) were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent high-pitch dual-source CTA of the chest at low tube voltages (70 kV). APVC was evaluated independently by two radiologists. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and interobserver agreement were determined. For standard of reference, one additional observer reviewed CT scans, echocardiography reports, clinical reports as well as surgical reports. In cases of disagreement the additional observer made the final decision based on all available information.
Results Detection of APVC with high-pitch dual-source CTA revealed a good sensitivity (91 %) and specificity (99 %), with PPV and NPV of 98 % and 97 %. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect (Kappa = 0.84). The median DLP was 3.8 mGy*cm (IQR 3.3–4.7 mGy*cm) and the median radiation dose was 0.33 mSv (IQR 0.26–0.39 mSv).
Conclusion High-pitch dual-source CTA in infants with congenital heart defects allows for accurate and reliable assessment of APVC at a low radiation dose.
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Citation Format
Spondylodiszitis
Authors: von der Höh Nicolas Heinz , Völker Anna , Pieroh Philipp , Heyde Christoph-E. 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie hier vorliegende Arbeit zeigt den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft zur Thematik „Spondylodiszitis – Diagnostik und Therapie“, orientiert an der kürzlich erschienenen Leitlinie Spondylodiszitis (S2K) (Registernummer 151–001, Diagnostik und Therapie der Spondylodiszitis S2K, https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/151-001.html) mit Fokus auf die Notfallsituation sowie das präklinische und klinische Management.
Unmet Needs for Transdermal Patch Management in Electronic Medication Administration Records: An Analysis of Data from 66 Aged Care Facilities
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z. , Baysari Melissa T. , Jorgensen Mikaela L. , Tariq Amina , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Transdermal medication patches have caused serious adverse events in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Preliminary research suggests that facilities are using a workaround consisting of manually entered reminders in their electronic medication administration records (eMARs) to prompt staff to check and remove patches, because the eMAR does not support these tasks. However, the prevalence and factors associated with use of this workaround among facilities is unknown.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the frequency and consistency with which manual reminders to check and remove transdermal patches were used in facility eMARs, and (2) identify resident and facility factors associated with reminder use, to inform eMAR redesign.
Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of eMAR data from 66 Australian RACFs including 4,787 permanent residents, aged ≥65 years in January 2017. Prevalence of the use of reminders to check and remove patches, and consistency in their application within facilities were examined. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine factors associated with use of manual reminders.
Results One in five (n = 937) residents used a patch, and 83.6% of patches contained opioids, a high-risk medicine. 56.9% of facilities implemented manually entered check patch reminders in the eMAR, and 72.3% implemented remove reminders. The reminders were applied inconsistently, with only half of these facilities having reminders for all residents with patches. Residents in facilities in regional areas were more likely to have a check reminder compared with those in major cities (adjusted odds ratio = 4.72 [95% confidence interval: 1.69–13.20]).
Conclusion Transdermal patches containing high-risk medicines are frequently used in RACFs, but their safe administration is not supported by a widely implemented eMAR. The frequent, but inconsistent use of a workaround to manually enter reminders indicates an unmet need for new eMAR functionality to improve safety.
Genetic Defects in Children with Cardiac Anomalies/Malformations: Noonan and CFC Syndromes
Authors: Kumari Divya , Chaudhary Deepti , Panigrahi Inusha , Rohit Manoj K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiac defects presenting in childhood show significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. With availability of advanced genetic technologies, these can be detected early using specialized testing. Prenatal testing is currently feasible with improved ultrasonography and fetal echocardiography. Here, we report two cases of Noonan's and cardiofaciocutaneous syndromes in patients seen in the genetic unit of a tertiary care center presenting with cardiac defect with or without developmental delay, short stature, and dysmorphism. In these conditions, there is also increased risk of malignancy such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, definitive diagnosis and counseling is possible in this group of conditions.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Excess Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity in Israel
Authors: Mor Matan , Kugler Nadav , Jauniaux Eric , Betser Moshe , Wiener Yifat , Cuckle Howard , Maymon Ron 
Published: December 2020

Objective The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with excess mortality and morbidity in adults and teenagers over 14 years of age, but there is still limited evidence on the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on obstetrical emergency attendance in a low-risk population and the corresponding perinatal outcomes.Study Design This is a single center retrospective cohort study of all singleton births between February 21 and April 30. Prenatal emergency labor ward admission numbers and obstetric outcomes during the peak of the first COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 in Israel were compared with the combined corresponding periods for the years 2017 to 2019.Results During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the mean number of prenatal emergency labor ward admissions was lower, both by daily count and per woman, in comparison to the combined matching periods in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (48.6 ± 12.2 vs. 57.8 ± 14.4, p < 0.0001 and 1.74 ± 1.1 vs. 1.92 ± 1.2, p < 0.0001, respectively). A significantly (p = 0.0370) higher rate of stillbirth was noted in the study group (0.4%) compared with the control group (0.1%). All study group patients were negative for COVID-19. Gestational age at delivery, rates of premature delivery at <28, 34, and 37 weeks, pregnancy complications, postdate delivery at >40 and 41 weeks, mode of delivery, and numbers of emergency cesarean deliveries were similar in both groups. There was no difference in the intrapartum fetal death rate between the groups.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home policy combined with patient fear of contracting the disease in hospital could explain the associated higher rate of stillbirth. This collateral perinatal damage follows a decreased in prenatal emergency labor ward admissions during the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel.Key Points
Together: Navy Reserve's Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dutta Eryn Hart , Barker Michael , Gherman Robert 
Published: December 2020

Under the direction of U.S. Northern Command for COVID-19 pandemic response efforts, approximately 500 Navy Reserve medical professionals were deployed to the New York City area from April to June 2020. Some of these providers were asked to serve in 11 overburdened local hospitals to augment clinic staffs that were exhausted from the battle against coronavirus. Two maternal/fetal medicine physicians were granted emergency clinical providers to assist in these efforts.
Key Points
The effects of vacancy and heteroatoms-doping on the stability, electronic and magnetic properties of blue phosphorene
Authors: Chen Jingjin , Wang Zhiyong , Dai Xueqiong , Xiao Jianrong , Long Mengqiu , Xu Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have systematically studied the stability, electronic structure and magnetic properties of the pristine, four defect states case of blue phosphorene and the six heteroatoms doping in blue phosphorene by first-principles calculations. In our findings, both defects and heteroatoms doping can regulate the band gap of blue phosphorene and the transition from indirect to direct band gap can be dramatically tuned by DV1BP, DV2BP and Al, Si atoms substitutional doping in blue phosphorene. The presence of defects and heteroatoms doping effectively modulates the electronic properties of blue phosphorene, rendering the defect-containing phosphorene semiconducting with a tunable band gap. Spin–orbit coupling can be induced by introducing SV-, DV- defects in blue phosphorene. The results provide theoretical guidance for future bandgap regulation and magnetism, defective and substitutional doping blue phosphorene may have potential electro-optical and electromagnetic applications.
Increasing the accumulation of aptamer AS1411 and verapamil conjugated silver nanoparticles in tumor cells to enhance the radiosensitivity of glioma
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Dongdong , Ma Jun , Yang Huiquan , Chen Wenbin , Cao Yuyu , Liu Peidang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radioresistance significantly decreases the efficacy of radiotherapy, which can ultimately lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. As a novel type of nano-radiosensitizer, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown promising radiosensitizing properties in the radiotherapy of glioma, but their ability to efficiently enter and accumulate in tumor cells needs to be improved. In the current study, AS1411 and verapamil (VRP) conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated AgNPs (AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP) were synthesized and characterized. Dark-field imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the accumulation of AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP mixed in different ratios in U251 glioma cells. To assess the influences of 19:1 mixed AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity, rhodamine 123 accumulation assay was carried out. Colony formation assay and tumor-bearing nude mice model were employed to examine the radiosensitizing potential of 19:1 mixed AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP. Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) Assay Kit was used to detect the TrxR activity in cells treated with different functionally modified AgNPs. Characterization results revealed that AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP were successfully constructed. When AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP were mixed in a ratio of 19:1, the amount of intracellular nanoparticles increased greatly through AS1411-mediated active targeting and inhibition of P-gp activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments clearly showed that the radiosensitization efficacy of 19:1 mixed AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP was much stronger than that of AgNPs@BSA and AgNPs@BSA-AS. It was also found that 19:1 mixed AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP significantly inhibited intracellular TrxR activity. These results indicate that 19:1 mixed AgNPs@BSA-AS and AgNPs@BSA-AS-VRP can effectively accumulate in tumor cells and have great potential as high-efficiency nano-radiosensitizers in the radiotherapy of glioma.
The impact of variable relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy for left-sided breast cancer when estimating normal tissue complications in the heart and lung
Authors: Marteinsdottir Maria , Wang Chia-Chun , McNamara Aimee , Depauw Nicolas , Shin Jungwook , Paganetti Harald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) variations in proton beam scanning treatment (PBS) for left-sided breast cancer versus the assumption of a fixed RBE of 1.1, particularly in the context of comparisons with photon-based three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Ten patients receiving radiation treatment to the whole breast/chest wall and regional lymph nodes were selected for each modality. For PBS, the dose distributions were re-calculated with both a fixed RBE and a variable RBE using an empirical RBE model. Dosimetric indices based on dose-volume histogram analysis were calculated for the entire heart wall, left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left lung. Furthermore, normal tissue toxicity probabilities for different endpoints were evaluated. The results show that applying a variable RBE significantly increases the RBE-weighted dose and consequently the calculated dosimetric indices increases for all organs compared to a fixed RBE. The mean dose to the heart and the maximum dose to the LAD and the left lung are significantly lower for PBS assuming a fixed RBE compared to 3DCRT. However, no statistically significant difference is seen when a variable RBE is applied. For a fixed RBE, lung toxicities are significantly lower compared to 3DCRT but when applying a variable RBE, no statistically significant differences are noted. A disadvantage is seen for VMAT over both PBS and 3DCRT. One-to-one plan comparison on 8 patients between PBS and 3DCRT shows similar results. We conclude that dosimetric analysis for all organs and toxicity estimation for the left lung might be underestimated when applying a fixed RBE for protons. Potential RBE variations should therefore be considered as uncertainty bands in outcome analysis.