bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Gupta Ravinder K , Dogra Vallabh , Badyal Himani 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas.
Design- Prospective study.
Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic.
Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study.
Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation. Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle.
Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.
PROFILE OF MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY CASES CONDUCTED AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN BIKANER, RAJASTHAN: A ONE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Singh Rajendra , Buri Sanjeev , Pal Chandra , Saini O.P. , Kumar Shalender 
Published: September 2020

Background: Medico-legal autopsies form an integral and indispensable part of an investigation of sudden suspicious death. The profile of medico legal autopsy cases is important in order to know the death statistics in a region due to unnatural causes and also help to address the demographic needs according to the mortality statistics specific to that region.
Material and Method: The present study is a one year retrospective study of autopsies performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at Sardar Patel Medical College & P. B. M. Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India from January 2018 to December 2018 comprising 810 cases.
Aim: This study was conducted to find out the profile of different types of cases and to assess the manner & cause of their death.
Result: Out of 810 cases, maximum number of autopsies were in third decade of life (260 cases, 32.10%). Male cases predominated over the female cases, which were 638 (78.77%). Hindus were majority in number with 734 cases (90.62%). Accident, Suicide and Homicide deaths were 504 (62.22%), 177 (21.85%) & 24 (02.96%) cases respectively. Maximum number of deaths were due to road traffic accidents with 313 cases (38.64%) followed by poisoning with 140 cases (17.28%).
Conclusion: It is observed that majority of cases were in 3rd decade of life and Preponderance of male sex is seen over female sex. The most common cause of death is road traffic accident, probably owing to higher frequency of transportation.
Keywords: Autopsy, Road traffic accidents, Poisoning, Burn, Hanging.
DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DEATHS DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, EXAMINED IN DR. S.N. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JODHPUR (RAJ.)
Authors: Patel Kana Ram , Jugtawat Jagdish , Kumar Shalender , Vyas P.C. 
Published: September 2020

Accidents are not due to external factors all the time but often they occur due to failure of control of self-conscience and free thoughts. Road Traffic Accidents is still the major cause of death worldwide including India. A retrospective study has been conducted in Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur (Raj.), in the year 2019 to study the pattern and distribution of Head Injuries of fatal road traffic accidents and to prepare the demographic profile of it. Out of total 901 cases, male to female ratio was 9:1, and commonest age group affected was 21-30 years (39.8%). Among total victims, Hindus were 748 (83%) and rests were Muslims 103 (11.4%) and other religions. Head injury was the most common injury, present alone in 509 cases (56.4%) and in 392 (43.6) cases along with other injuries. Skull fractures were found in 451 (50.5), in which linear/fissure fracture (32.9%) was most common. Most common bone fractured was temporal bone. The commonest variety of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural hemorrhage and craniotomy was done in 29 (3.2%) cases.
Keywords: Accidents, Road traffic, Head injury, Fractures.
TO ASSESS THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DAY CARE SURGERY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Sarawagi Sandeep , Kumar Pramod , Kachhawa Devi Singh 
Published: September 2020

Background: The aim of the present study is to retrospectively analyze the epidemiology of patients admitted in the day care unit of the surgery department.
Methods: This study has been done in a single unit of the Department of General surgery at S K Hospital, Sikar on patients attending the OPD as well as admitted for surgery
Results: Out of 100 patient 29 were staying in an area which was within 00 to 05 km from hospital,28 were in an area within 06 to 10 km, 24 were staying within 11 to 15 km, 9 were staying within 16 to 20 km and 10 were staying in an area more than 20 km away from hospital.
Conclusion: Age and sex was not any criteria for patient selection for day care surgery.
Keywords: Day care, Area, Age, Sex, Distance.
APPLICATION OF APPENDICITIS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (AIR) SCORING SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS AND ITS COMPARISON WITH ALVARADO SCORE
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Sarawagi Sandeep , Kachhawa Devi Singh 
Published: September 2020

Background: The appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score is recently developed diagnostic tool that uses seven scored variables to stratify patients into low-, intermediate and high risk group.
Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of surgery. The popultion consists of 100 patients presenting with pain in the right lower quadrant of abdomen, who after clinical examination were provisionally diagnosed to have acute appendicitis and warranted surgery for the same.
Results: AIR (98.91%) were more sensitive than Modified alverdo score (89.3%). Specificity (100%) and positive predict value (100%) were same in MAS & AIR Conclusion- To conclude, AIR scoring performed well almost equally with Alvarado system with high specificity and high negative predictive value preventing unnecessary negative appendectomies.
Keywords: AIR, MAS, Acute appendicitis
TO STUDY OF LDH LEVEL IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Mathur Sudhir , Sonkriwal Kali Charan 
Published: September 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease of the lungs characterized by structural changes such as emphysema, airflow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation, air trapping, and peribronchial fibrotic remodeling of the lungs with significant systemic inflammatory components, induced by chronic exposures to smoking and/or occupational or environmental sources.
Methods: It is a case control study of 100 subjects divided into two groups including 50 healthy controls and 50 cases of COPD. Patients with history of respiratory infection, pneumonia, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and neuromuscular disease, renal and hepatic dysfunction were excluded.
Results: The statistically significant increased value of serum lactate dehydrogenase in cases as compared to control group with p value<0.05.
Conclusion-Rise in serum LDH levels, though known to occur in many respiratory conditions, has not been studied in depth. Based on our study results, we have proved that patients with COPD have raised serum LDH levels.
Keywords: COPD, Lactate dehydrogenase, Smoking.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF HUMAN RENAL VOLUME AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN A TERTIARY TEACHING HOSPITAL.
Authors: Srivastava Stuti , Chigurupalli Kiran 
Published: September 2020

Kidney is a paired organ whose functions include removing waste products from the blood and regulating the amount of fluid in the body. The basic units of the kidneys are called nephrons.
They are situated posteriorly behind the peritoneum on each side of the vertebral column and are surrounded by adipose tissue. Superiorly they are level with the upper border of the 12th thoracic vertebra, inferiorly with the third lumbar vertebra. The kidney continues to grow in size after birth and reaches the near adult size of 10 cm by 12 years of age. Renal size decreases with increasing age among patients older than 60 years. Decrease or increase in kidney size is an important sign of renal disease. Decrease or increase in kidney size is an important sign of renal disease. Since the change in renal length may be an evidence of disease, it is important that we have normal reference values in relation to their age, gender, height, weight and body mass index and body surface area.in the present study the ultrasonographic assessment of left and right renal volume in different age groups and its relationship with body mass index of individuals was observed.
Keywords: ultrasonography, Renal volume, Body mass index
A STUDY ON CORRELATION OF DEGREE OF MIDLINE SHIFT ON CT SCAN AND GLASGOW COMA SCALE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURY
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kardam Narendra Kumar , Gahlot Kushal babu , Maharia Manphhol Singh 
Published: September 2020

Background: The larger the amount of the midline shift on CT scan the poorer will be the outcome of traumatic head injury. Other variables such as Glasgow coma scale have been subsequently introduced to build more complex and accurate prognostic model.
Methods: A study was conducted on patients with acute traumatic head injury. Most common and important complication of traumatic head injury is the development of an increased intracranial pressure resulting in midline shift. The larger the amount of the midline shift on CT scan the poorer will be the outcome of traumatic head injury.
Results: External injury of scalpel is seen in 92% of cases, blackening of eye in 50% & vomiting in 50%. Cerebral contusion (50%) was the most common CT scan finding followed by depressed fracture (32%), subdural hematoma (22%) than extradural hematoma (6%). Hemorrhagic contusion was the most common CT scan finding irrespective of GCS score. In patients with GCS 3-5 other outcome findings are extradural hematoma, subdural hematoma, & depressed fracture. In patients with GCS 6-8 other common findings are extradural hematoma, depressed fracture & hemorrhagic contusion. In patients with GCS 9-12 other common findings were hemorrhagic contusion, depressed fracture & intra cerebral hematoma. In patients with GCS 13-15 other common findings were depressed fracture, hemorrhagic contusion.
Conclusions: The increased degree of midline shift in patients with head injuries by CT scan was related to the severity of head injury (GCS= 3-12) and was significantly related to poor final clinical outcome.
Keywords: CT scan, Glasgow coma scale, acute traumatic head injury.
COMPARATIVE STUDY IN BETWEEN INTRALESIONAL VITAMIN D3 AND INTRALESIONAL BLEOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS VERRUCAE
Authors: . Shrikant , Mehta R.D. , Ghiya B.C. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Verruca is one of the common dermatopathologies which has multiple therapeutic options but with variable success rates, refractory cases and high recurrence rates. Nowadays, treatment with intralesional injections has gained recognition due to its effectiveness in clearing verrucae. These act by stimulating the cell-mediated immunity. Out of scores of options available for intralesional therapeutics, Vitamin D3 appears to be more promising but least evaluated. Therefore, we planned to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional Vitamin D3 in various types of cutaneous verrucae. Simultaneously the results were compared with intralesional bleomycin, also.
Methods: A total of 200 patients of cutaneous verrucae with varying size and duration were included in the experimental randomized comparative study. We divided them into two groups. Group A, comprising of 100 patients, received 0.2-0.5 ml intralesional Vitamin D3 (600,000 IU, 15mg/ml) and Group B, also of hundred subjects, received intralesional Bleomycin (1 mg/ml) into the base of verrucae. A maximum of 5 verrucae were injected per session at 3 weeks interval until resolution or for a maximum of 4 sessions. Patients were followed up for 6 months after the last injection to assess the clearance status and detect any recurrence.
Results: In Group A (Vitamin D3), 'Complete response', 'Partial response' and 'No response' were observed in 85.07%, 6.74% and 8.17% respectively after 4 sessions. Recurrence rate was 0.81% after 6 months. In Group B (Bleomycin), 'Complete response', 'Partial response' and 'No response' were found in 77.99%, 10.47% and 11.53% in the series. Recurrence rate was 1.71%, comparatively higher in group B.
Conclusion: The efficacy of intralesional Vitamin D3 was found significantly higher as compared to intralesional Bleomycin in the treatment of cutaneous verrucae with less recurrence rates. Vitamin D3 has an additional advantage of cost-effective treatment over Bleomycin. We purpose its use, as a primary mode of treatment in various types of cutaneous verrucae.
Keywords: Bleomycin, Vitamin D3, Verrucae.
ASSESSMENT OF NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN ECLAMPTIC MOTHERS ADMITTED TO NMCH, PATNA, BIHAR
Authors: Sharma Samiksha , Jha Girijanand , Singh Binod Kr , Kumar Saroj 
Published: September 2020

Hypertension during pregnancy is a highly variable disorder unique to pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is the general classification for hypertension diseases during pregnancy, which include pregnancy-induced hypertension usually after 20th week of gestation (without proteinuria), pre-eclampsia (with proteinuria), and eclampsia (pre-eclampsia with convulsions). This disease is responsible for high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates, and is one of the main public health problems. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Neonatal Outcomes in Eclamptic Mothers Admitted to NMCH, Patna, Bihar.
The present study was planned in Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The study was planned from March 2019 to October 2019. In the present study 50 females admitted with eclampsia or with pre-eclampsia but subsequently developing eclampsia were enrolled. Also the control females were also evaluated for comparative evaluation.
The data generated from the present study concludes that Prevention of prematurity, treatment of morbidities & prevention of infection among infants should be done to reduce the PMR and improve perinatal outcome. Thus High risk pregnancy should be identified prospectively and then given special care, perhaps a major impact on overall perinatal loss could be reduced.
Keywords: Eclamptic Mothers, Patna, Bihar, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN TYPHOID FEVER IN PEDIATRIC CASES ADMITTED TO NMCH, PATNA
Authors: Sharma Samiksha , Jha Girijanand , Singh Binod Kr , Kumar Saroj 
Published: September 2020

India has a very high disease burden (214.2 per 1,00,000 individuals/year), primarily affecting children 5 to 15 years. Recently, there have been concerns of increasing proportion of infections in very young children, rising paratyphoid infections, and emerging drug resistance. Also, there are challenges in diagnosis and management of enteric fever due to lack of laboratory-based investigations. While blood culture remains the gold standard of diagnosis, the mainstays in developing countries are serological tests, which are suboptimal due to lack of standardization and uniformity. Hence based on above condition the present study was planned for Assessment of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Typhoid Fever in Pediatric Cases Admitted to NMCH, Patna.
The present study was planned in Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The study was planned from January 2018 to November 2018. In the present study 50 childrens of age up to 18 years having fever more than 7 days were enrolled. These cases were enrolled based on the Widal positive or positive culture were enrolled in the present study.
The data generated from present study concludes that Typhoid fever manifestations are diverse. The most common symptoms apart from fever were anorexia, vomiting, pain abdomen, diarrhoea followed by headache and cough. Also the Serum parameters are also seen changed in the Thyphoid affected patients. Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in the developing countries predominantly seen in school going children among pediatric age group.
Keywords: Clinical, Laboratory Parameters, Typhoid Fever, Pediatric Cases, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING DISC PRESERVING FUNCTIONAL CERVICAL DISC SURGERY
Authors: Karn Deepak 
Published: September 2020

The concept of accelerated degeneration of adjacent disc levels as a consequence of increased stress caused by inter body fusion of cervical spine is widely accepted. These phenomenon supports the hypothesis that reconstruction of an intervertebral disc after discectomy with functional disc prosthesis would offer benefit. Degeneration of an intervertebral disc involves progressive dehydration and fibrosis of the nucleus pulposus. These modifications induce loss of elasticity, loss of intervertebral height, formation of osseous spurs, cracking and bulging of the annulus fibrosus, and eventually, extrusion of nucleus tissue. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Disc Preserving Functional Cervical Disc Surgery.
The present study was planned in Department of Neurosurgery, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Total 10 cases operated for cervical radiculopathy were enrolled in the present study. Diagnostic evaluation was performed by anterior posterior and lateral standard radiographs of the cervical spine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the cervical spine. All patients had follow up X-ray of the cervical spine anterior and posterior view with flexion and extension study, at 4 weeks and at subsequent follow up.
The data generated from the present study concluded that the major symptoms experienced by the patients were neck and radicular pain. C6-7 cervical root level was affected in majority patients. Majority of the had an excellent surgical results. Post operative follow up X-ray after 6 months revealed adequate motion at the operated site.
Keywords: Cervical Disc Surgery, Cervical radiculopathy, Disc preserving, Disc Herniation, etc.
TO ASSESS THE MATERNAL ANAEMIA, INTRA-UTERIAN GROWTH RESTRICTION AND NEONATAL OUTCOME IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BIHAR
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Kumari Usha , Sinha Krishna 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To assess the maternal anaemia, intra-uterian growth restriction and neonatal outcome.
Materials and methods: a prospective, observational study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar India. A total of 240 consecutive clinically suspected cases of IUGR with singleton pregnancies at 34-40 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Their socio-demographic profile and hemoglobin levels were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.
Results: Of 240 study subjects with IUGR at 34-40 weeks, 70.4% were anaemic, (48.8% had mild, 20.8% had moderate, 0.83 % had severe anaemia) while 29.6% were not anaemic. Significantly, the ratio of anaemic to non anaemic in antenatal IUGR pregnancies was 2.48:1. A birth weight of less than 2.5 kgs was recorded in 84% of pregnancies with moderate anaemia and 83.8% pregnancies with mild anaemia. Out of the 240 clinically diagnosed cases of IUGR 71.25% (n=171) were from the rural background and 28.75% (n=69) were urban area.
Conclusion: Mild to severe anaemia in IUGR may increase the chances of low birth weight and adverse neonatal outcomes but larger studies with standardized definitions and measurements of exposure outcomes to bring about uniformity are required to determine an accurate assessment of association between low maternal hemoglobin and IUGR
ROLE OF LOW DOSE OF MIFEPRISTONE IN MANAGEMENT OF FIBROID IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Rani Sweety , Kiran Chander 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Uterine leiomyoma is the commonest benign gynaecological tumour occurring in upto20% to 80% of women reaching perimenopausal stage and 40% has symptoms severe enough to warrant therapy. Recent evidence suggests that progesterone is essential for maintenance and growth of uterine leiomyoma and that estrogen is required only for upregulation of progesterone receptors. Mifepristone is synthetic steroid, derived from norethindrone, progesterone receptor modulator with primarily antagonistic property. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose of mifepristone in medical management of uterine leiomyoma
Materials and methods: the study is being conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department of PMCH. In 2 years, 100 patients with age between 40-50 years with multiple or single fibroid with symptoms requiring treatment with normal blood biochemistry profile were studied. Two groups were made, each of 50 patients. Group I was given mifepristone in dose of 25mg/day; and Group II was given mifepristone in dose of 10mg/day for 3 months. Patients were followed up at 3 months and 6 months of starting treatment.
Results: In both groups, there was decrease in size of fibroid, control of bleeding, improvement of symptoms and hemoglobin profile.
Conclusion: Low dose of mifepristone is useful for decreasing the size of fibroid, control of bleeding, improvement of hemoglobin profile and for medical management of fibroid.
Keywords: mifepristone, fibroid, management