bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does Teaching and Learning Look like in a Variety of Classroom Spatial Environments?
Authors: Byers Terry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe very nature of what constitutes an effective learning environment is undergoing substantial re-imagination. Authors have suggested that the affordances of existing learning spaces, often termed conventional or traditional classrooms, is limited and constrains the possible pedagogies available to teachers. Architects, authors and governments have put forward innovative learning environments (ILEs) as a better alternative. ILEs provide affordances thought to be somewhat better at providing to students learning needs than traditional classrooms, particularly in terms of creative and critical thinking, and collaborative and communicative workers. However, there is little evidence available to show of either spatial type (traditional classroom or ILE) performs pedagogically to either hinder or support the desired approach/es to teaching and learning being sought by current educational policies. One could suggest that a populistic narrative often drives the growing investment in new school learning spaces, facilitated by a vacuum of credible evidence of their impact. This paper will report findings from a three-year study that tracked the practices over time of secondary school Engineering, Mathematics and Science teachers (n = 23) as they occupied two quite dissimilar spatial layouts. TheLinking Pedagogy, Technology, and Space(LPTS) observational metric, with its provision of instantaneous quantitative visual analysis, was used to track their practice, and student learning, in a variety of spatial layouts. Subsequent analysis identified broad trends within the data to identify those factors, spatial, subject or confounding teacher factors, which influenced student and teacher activities and behaviours. Importantly, it presented new evidence that works against the current, overt focus on contemporary spatial design. It suggests that greater emphasis on unpacking, and then developing, the mediating influence of teacher spatial competency (how, when and why one uses the given affordances of space for pedagogical gain) is required for any space to performance pedagogically.
Design with Knowledge—Light in Learning Environments
Authors: van Mil Imke Wies , Popovic Larsen Olga , Mose Karina , Iversen Anne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA range of artificial lighting characteristics have been found to influence our visual and cognitive capabilities, mood, motivation and/or (social) behaviour—all affecting how we (academically) perform. One such influential characteristic is spatial contrast, or the way light is distributed in space causing a pattern of light and darkness. This study looks at if and how spatial contrast influences pupil behaviour, and specifically their ability to concentrate. We first explored whether variances in pupil noise, physical activity and mood, which have been found to affect concentration, occur when exposed to either a high or a low spatial contrast in their learning environment. Preliminary data from field experiments in a primary school indicates towards decreased noise levels and improved environmental satisfaction when a high spatial contrast condition is present. This implies improved environmental circumstances to concentrate. Further research to confirm this assumption will be undertaken.
The Creative Learning Spiral: Designing Environments for Flaring and Focusing
Authors: Zhang Jane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith growing interest in creative learning in recent years, this paper sought to define creative learning through the design of learning spaces. Two learner groups were studied for their interactions with peers, educators, and their spaces—design students at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design, a traditional architectural studio environment, and student entrepreneurs at the Harvard Innovation Lab, a startup venture incubator. The result was a new design framework called the creative learning spiral, which groups creative learning into four types of activities: sparking, making, grazing, socializing. The open layouts of both settings facilitated social learning activities of sparking, grazing, and socializing, whereas making time required students to create their own focused environments. The creative learning spiral can be used as a tool to assess the spatial needs of specific creative learning activities, in order to design environments that accommodate the needs of learners.
Envisaging Teacher Spatial Competency Through the Lenses of Situated Cognition and Personal Imagination to Reposition It as a Professional Classroom Practice Skill
Authors: Leighton Vicky 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the complex phenomenon of teachers’ spatial interactions in their learning environments. Its goal is to examine concepts and theories that might inform a working conceptual framework. Building on recent studies that question how school environments can influence teacher behaviour, spatial concepts as well as architectural and cognitive psychology theories are examined to explore the dynamic and mutually dependent relationship between teachers and learning spaces. A new concept of ‘situated environmental imagination’ is devised as a conceptual explanation for teacher spatial competency; it also provides practitioners with the means to evaluate and observe space-related skills in classroom action settings. This approach pursues a non-linear understanding and analysis of space and teacher practice that blends architectural and educational perspectives, resulting in an argument for the inclusion of spatial competency as an important professional skill that has the potential to enhance student learning.
Increasing Teacher Engagement in Innovative Learning Environments: Understanding the Effects of Perceptions of Risk
Authors: Jones Tamara K. , Le Fevre Deidre M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSchool systems around the world are investing in a transition to Innovative Learning Environments (ILEs). Many policies and resources are being directed towards this change. However, if the effects of innovative educational initiatives are to be positive for our students, the onus will ultimately be on teachers to integrate learner-centric pedagogies and digital technologies in flexible learning environments. Educational innovations are dependent upon what teachers think, feel and do in classrooms (Fullan 2001). This chapter examines how teacher perceptions can influence their engagement in ILEs.
Auf dem Weg zur Telemedizin
Authors: Scheer Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag umfasst die Abschiedsrede (2012) zum Ende einer 28-jährigen Tätigkeit als Leiter der Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie innerhalb der Abteilung für allgemeine Pädiatrie der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde im Landeskrankenhaus Graz. Dabei wird das Beziehungsdreieck zwischen Arzt, Eltern und Kind betrachtet: Die Aufgabe des Arztes ist es, aufmerksam die verbalen und non-verbalen Äußerungen der Kinder, der Eltern und letzten Endes auch seine eigenen wahrzunehmen. In einem Prozess des Handelns und Behandelns soll ärztliches Tun Teil eines gemeinsamen Erlebens werden. Dazu ist Feinfühligkeit ebenso nötig wie Selbstkritik und Achtung vor den Familien, die sich uns anvertrauen. Dies umzusetzen gelang uns auch bei Kleinkindern mit Essstörungen oder bei Kindern, die an Sondendependenz leiden. Die Spin-off Initiative NoTube GmbH für Kinder zwischen Null und 8 Jahren, die an Essstörungen leiden, wird als Fortsetzung der langjährigen Tätigkeit an der Medizinischen Universität Graz vorgestellt. Die Erfahrungen des psychosomatischen Verstehens und Handelns, die an der Klinik erworben wurden, können so – nach der Versetzung in den Ruhestand – weiterhin hunderten Familien zugutekommen. Durch die Errichtung eines Ambulatoriums und v.a. durch das Angebot, Familien telemedizinisch zu begleiten, ist es eine Medizin, die besonders in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie den Weg in die Zukunft weist.
Determination of stress intensity factors for elements with sharp corner located on the interface of a bi-material structure or homogeneous material
Authors: Mieczkowski Grzegorz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new universal analytical and numerical method allowing for determination of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for notches and cracks located in both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous material. An advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require knowledge of an analytical description of singular stress/displacement fields or connection of SIFs to energy parameters such as energy release factor. In this method, a universal analytical function has been used, which in combination with data obtained using finite element method (FEM) allows for a direct determination of stress intensity factors. One parameter that is necessary to know when using the proposed method is the eigenvalue$$\lambda $$λ. The characteristic equation allowing for determination of the eigenvalues for any corner has been given herein. What is more, also a criterion clearly defining the nodes is determined, from which FEM numerical results are implemented to the developed analytical function. In order to verify the proposed method, for a selected group of geometrical and material structures with sharp corner, values of stress intensity factors were determined and compared to data available in the literature. Satisfactory compliance of obtained results with literature ones was found.
Doppler effect described by the solutions of the Cattaneo telegraph equation
Authors: Povstenko Yuriy , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Cattaneo telegraph equation for temperature with moving time-harmonic source is studied on the line and the half-line domain. The Laplace and Fourier transforms are used. Expressions which show the wave fronts and elucidate the Doppler effect are obtained. Several particular cases of the considered problem including the heat conduction equation and the wave equation are investigated. The quasi-steady-state solutions are also examined for the case of non-moving time-harmonic source and time-harmonic boundary condition for temperature.
Early or delayed sigmoid resection in complicated diverticular disease? A single-center experience
Authors: Tschann Peter , Lechner Daniel , Feurstein Benedikt , Adler Stephanie , Girotti Paolo , Hufschmidt Martin , Königsrainer Ingmar 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Background
Diverticular disease appears to be one of the most common conditions in the Western world. The standard approach in treatment of diverticular disease is a laparoscopic resection, usually after an inflammation-free time of 4 to 6 weeks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing of operation.

Materials and methods
A total of 61 patients underwent left-sided colonic resection because of diverticular disease between January 2017 and February 2020. Because of complicated diverticulitis (CDD stage 2a or 2b) 37 patients were treated either early within 7 days after first symptoms (group A: n = 17) or delayed about 6 weeks after the first contact and conservative therapy (group B: n = 20).

Results
Overall mortality was 0%. The average operation time was shorter in the early elective group (group A: 140.4 min vs. group B: 151.2 min; p = 0.29). The hospital stay (group A: 9.9 days vs. group B: 16.9 days) and the postoperative stay (group A: 4.8 days vs. group B: 8.1 days) were significantly longer in group B (p = 0.01). We observed—although not reliable due to the low number of patients—more postoperative complications in the delayed group (group A: 5.9% vs. group B: 15.0%; p = 0.61).

Conclusion
The data in this study confirm the early operation as safe and efficient due to lower costs. We can recommend an early approach in selected cases with the first episode of a complicated diverticulitis.
Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol
Authors: Maurer Joseph Duggan , Huso Manuela , Dalthorp Daniel , Madsen Lisa , Fuentes Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEstimating bird and bat mortality at wind facilities typically involves searching for carcasses on the ground near turbines. Some fraction of carcasses inevitably lie outside the search plots, and accurate mortality estimation requires accounting for those carcasses using models to extrapolate from searched to unsearched areas. Such models should account for variation in carcass density with distance, and ideally also for variation with direction (anisotropy). We compare five methods of accounting for carcasses that land outside the searched area (ratio, weighted distribution, non-parametric, and two generalized linear models (glm)) by simulating spatial arrival patterns and the detection process to mimic observations which result from surveying only, or primarily, roads and pads (R&P) and applying the five methods. Simulations vary R&P configurations, spatial carcass distributions (isotropic and anisotropic), and per turbine fatality rates. Our results suggest that the ratio method is less accurate with higher variation relative to the other four methods which all perform similarly under isotropy. All methods were biased under anisotropy; however, including direction covariates in theglmmethod substantially reduced bias. In addition to comparing methods of accounting for unsearched areas, we suggest a semiparametric bootstrap to produce confidence-based bounds for the proportion of carcasses that land in the searched area.
Degrees of Doxastic Justification
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper studies degrees of doxastic justification. Dependency relations among different beliefs are represented in terms of causal models. Doxastic justification, on this picture, is taken to run causally downstream along appropriate causal chains. A theory is offered which accounts for the strength of a derivative belief in terms of (i) the strength of the beliefs on which it is based, and (ii) the epistemic quality of the belief-forming mechanisms involved. It is shown that the structure of degrees of justification converges to ranking theory under ideal conditions.
Applying evolutionary methods in economics: progress or pitfall?
Authors: Koliofotis Vaios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Darwinian theory of evolution has arguably become an important building block for experimental and theoretical economists. According to Burnham (J Econ Behav Org 90:S113–S127, 2013), it is possible to formulate novel hypotheses and predictions about human preferences, on the basis of what patterns of behavior would have been adaptive in the ancestral environment. After clarifying two theoretical concepts, the Adaptively Relevant Environment and fitness maximization, I argue that multiple scientifically plausible hypotheses about human preferences are compatible with evolutionary models that target behavior. Moreover, I propose a refinement of Burnham’s method based on theoretical resources provided by the indirect evolutionary approach. Economists apply or build evolutionary models of their own that target particular features of human psychology and cognition. Such models may reduce the number of plausible hypotheses to allow for rigorous scientific testing in laboratory or field experiments.
Surface precipitation of supersaturated solutes in a ternary Fe–Au–W alloy and its binary counterparts
Authors: Fu Y. , Kwakernaak C. , Brouwer J. C. , Sloof W. G. , Brück E. , van der Zwaag S. , van Dijk N. H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The precipitation of supersaturated solutes at free surfaces in ternary Fe–3Au–4W and binary Fe–3Au and Fe–4W alloys (composition in weight percentage) for different ageing times was investigated at a temperature of 700 °C. The time evolution of the surface precipitation is compared among the three alloys to investigate the interplay between the Au and W solutes in the ternary system. The Au-rich grain-interior surface precipitates show a similar size and kinetics in the Fe–Au–W and Fe–Au alloys, while the W-rich grain-interior surface precipitates show a smaller size and a higher number density in the Fe–Au–W alloy compared to the Fe–W alloy. The kinetics of the precipitation on the external free surface for the ternary Fe–Au–W alloy is compared to the previously studied precipitation on the internal surfaces of the grain-boundary cavities during creep loading of the same alloy.

Graphical abstract
Reconstructing Holocene landscape and environmental changes at Lago Rogaguado, Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Giesche Alena , Lombardo Umberto , Finsinger Walter , Veit Heinz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe performed geochemical analyses of two lake sediment cores (1.25 and 1.5 m long) from Lago Rogaguado, which is a large (315 km2) and shallow lake in the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon, to investigate Holocene environmental changes based on a multi-proxy dataset (XRF, density, grain size, C:N, and macrocharcoal). One of the two cores provides a history of environmental changes in the Llanos de Moxos from 8100 cal BP until present, which supplements previously published pollen and microscopic charcoal records. Our analyses indicate lake expansion at 5800 cal BP, which may relate to tectonic activity. This was followed by further increasing lake levels, peaking at approximately 1050–400 cal BP, which supports increasingly wetter conditions in the Llanos de Moxos after the mid-Holocene. A fourfold increase in macroscopic charcoal accumulation rate and a more than fivefold increase in sedimentation rates supports anthropogenic fire activity at around 1450 cal BP (500 CE), suggesting that pre-Columbian populations used fire to actively manage the landscape during a period of maximum lake levels around Lago Rogaguado. From 400–100 cal BP, higher C:N, larger grain sizes and peaks in macroscopic charcoal accumulation rates suggest increased watershed erosion associated with increased biomass burning, possibly related to intensified land use.
Study comparing the efficacy and renal safety for patients with diabetes switching from dapagliflozin to empagliflozin
Authors: Yang Ai-Yu , Chen Hung-Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Previously, dapagliflozin was limited to patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, while empagliflozin can be used for those with an eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Therefore dapagliflozin was switched to empagliflozin in many patients when eGFR decreased. However, the clinical efficacy and safety of these switcfhes are not clear. Objective In this study, we compared the efficacy and renal safety between patients switching from dapagliflozin to empagliflozin in patients. Setting This is a retrospective study of adult patients (aged ≥ 20 years) who had attended the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Method This retrospective observational study included patients who were switched from dapagliflozin to empagliflozin. To assess the effect of other hypoglycemic drugs on efficacy, the types and dose alterations of other hypoglycemic drugs were classified on the defined daily dose (DDD). Main outcome measure The primary outcome measure was the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level after 6 months. Patients with HbA1c levels at or lower than the baseline value after 6 months were defined as effective and patients with levels higher than the baseline were defined as invalid. Safety was evaluated by comparing the difference of eGFR between the baseline value and 6 months after treatment. Results Overall, 111 patients were enrolled in the study. Six months after switching from dapagliflozin to empagliflozin, HbA1c significantly reduced, with no statistically significant difference observed in eGFR. In our study, 78 patients were assigned to the effective group (70.3%) and 33 patients were invalid (29.7%). When the other hypoglycemic drugs were grouped by total dosage, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c only decreased significantly in the "DDD decrease" and "DDD increase" groups. Conclusion Our study showed that switching from dapagliflozin to empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes was effective for blood glucose maintenance and caused no significant changes in renal function. In addition, compared to similar sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, other hypoglycemic drugs may be factors that influence the efficacy of sugar-lowering treatments.
α-Probabilistic flexible aggregate nearest neighbor search in road networks using landmark multidimensional scaling
Authors: Chung Moonyoung , Loh Woong-Kee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn spatial database and road network applications, the search for the nearest neighbor (NN) from a given query object q is the most fundamental and important problem. Aggregate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is an extension of the NN search with a set of query objects $$Q = \{ q_0, \dots , q_{M-1} \}$$

Q
=
{

q
0

,
⋯
,

q

M
-
1

}

and finds the object $$p^*$$

p
∗

that minimizes $$g \{ d(p^*, q_i), q_i \in Q \}$$

g
{
d

(

p
∗

,

q
i

)

,

q
i

∈
Q
}

, where g (max or sum) is an aggregate function and d() is a distance function between two objects. Flexible aggregate nearest neighbor (FANN) search is an extension of the ANN search with the introduction of a flexibility factor $$\phi \, (0 < \phi \le 1)$$

ϕ

(
0
<
ϕ
≤
1
)

and finds the object $$p^*$$

p
∗

and the set of query objects $$Q^*_\phi $$

Q
ϕ
∗

that minimize $$g \{ d(p^*, q_i), q_i \in Q^*_\phi \}$$

g
{
d

(

p
∗

,

q
i

)

,

q
i

∈

Q
ϕ
∗

}

, where $$Q^*_\phi $$

Q
ϕ
∗

can be any subset of Q of size $$\phi |Q|$$

ϕ
|
Q
|

. This study proposes an efficient $$\alpha $$
α
-probabilistic FANN search algorithm in road networks. The state-of-the-art FANN search algorithm in road networks, which is known as IER-$$k\hbox {NN}$$

k
NN

, used the Euclidean distance based on the two-dimensional coordinates of objects when choosing an R-tree node that most potentially contains $$p^*$$

p
∗

. However, since the Euclidean distance is significantly different from the actual shortest-path distance between objects, IER-$$k\hbox {NN}$$

k
NN

looks up many unnecessary nodes, thereby incurring many calculations of ‘expensive’ shortest-path distances and eventually performance degradation. The proposed algorithm transforms road network objects into k-dimensional Euclidean space objects while preserving the distances between them as much as possible using landmark multidimensional scaling (LMDS). Since the Euclidean distance after LMDS transformation is very close to the shortest-path distance, the lookup of unnecessary R-tree nodes and the calculation of expensive shortest-path distances are reduced significantly, thereby greatly improving the search performance. As a result of performance comparison experiments conducted for various real road networks and parameters, the proposed algorithm always achieved higher performance than IER-$$k\hbox {NN}$$

k
NN

; the performance (execution time) of the proposed algorithm was improved by up to 10.87 times without loss of accuracy.