P719Endothelial expression of adenylate cyclase type 9 (Adcy9) regulates endothelial cell signalling and vasodilation
Authors: Rautureau Y , Berlatie M , Rivas D , Uy K , Miquel G , Higgins M E , Nault A , Rhainds D , Thorin E , Ledoux J , Rheaume E , Tardif J C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background/Introduction
The clinical benefits of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor dalcetrapib are dependent on the ADCY9 gene, which encodes adenylate cyclase (AC) type 9 (AC9). AC9 is one of nine membrane-bound isoforms of AC producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). We demonstrated that Adcy9 inactivation in the mouse protects from atherosclerosis, but only in absence of CETP. Adcy9 inactivation is also associated with improved endothelial function, including greater endothelial-dependent vasodilation (EDV) in response to acetylcholine (ACh). This suggests that Adcy9 may control endothelial Ca2+, an essential mediator of endothelial cell (EC) signalling. We hypothesized that Adcy9 is expressed in the endothelium and controls EC signalling.

Purpose
Our aim was to study AC9 expression in the vascular endothelium and the role of AC9 expression on endothelial cAMP signalling and Ca2+ dynamics.

Methods
The effects of Adcy9 inactivation were studied using wild-type (WT) and Adcy9-inactivated (Adcy9Gt/Gt) mice and siRNA-mediated inactivation of ADCY9 in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). In the mouse, AC9 expression was quantified in whole aorta (± endothelium) and primary cultures of lung EC (LEC) by Western blot. Endothelial Ca2+ pulsars were monitored in mouse femoral arteries in response to acetylcholine (ACh, 10 μM). cAMP accumulation to AC activators VIP and forskolin were measured in LEC and HCAEC. EDV to VIP was studied ex vivo in mouse femoral arteries using pressurized arteriography.

Results
AC9 is expressed in LEC and the aorta, and its detection in the latter decreased by 33% after mechanical removal of the endothelium (P<0.05). AC activation with forskolin (10–4 M) in LEC led to increased cAMP accumulation in response to Adcy9 inactivation (WT: 1129±138 pmol cAMP/mg of protein, Adcy9Gt/Gt: 1965±169, n=3; P<0.01). ADCY9 inactivation in HCAEC also increased cAMP accumulation to forskolin 10–4M (control siRNA: 85±17, ADCY9 siRNA: 150±6, n=3; P<0.01). In LEC, receptor-dependent accumulation of cAMP to VIP (10–5 M) was higher in Adcy9Gt/Gt (1509±258)) compared to WT (915±170, n=3; P<0.05) mice. In mouse femoral arteries, VIP-induced maximal vasodilation was increased by Adcy9 inactivation in the presence of the endothelium (Adcy9Gt/Gt: 85±4%, n=6; WT: 52±9%, n=5, P<0.05), but not in its absence (Adcy9Gt/Gt: 67±12%, n=6 and WT: 59±15%, n=5). In the femoral artery endothelium, ACh increased Ca2+ pulsar frequency more in Adcy9Gt/Gt (243±32%, n=4) than in WT (178±19%, n=5; P<0.05) mice.

Conclusion
ADCY9 is expressed in the endothelium, and its inactivation potentiates endothelial cell Ca2+ dynamics, cAMP accumulation and VIP-induced vasodilation. We therefore identify ADCY9 as a new molecular pathway regulating endothelial-dependent vasodilation. This suggests that ADCY9's endothelial biology could be involved in the ADCY9 genotype-dependent clinical effects of dalcetrapib.

Acknowledgement/Funding
DalCor