bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterozygosity and fitness in a threatened songbird: blood parasite infection is explained by single-locus but not genome-wide effects
Authors: Kubacka Justyna , Podmokła Edyta , Korb Judith , Dubiec Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn non-pedigreed populations, insights into effects of inbreeding can be obtained by correlations between individual heterozygosity and fitness-related traits (HFCs). Using an information-theoretic approach, we explored whether heterozygosity of microsatellite markers, measured as internal relatedness (IR), is associated with infection by blood parasites (Plasmodium,Trypanosoma,orLeucocytozoon) in the threatened Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola). We also explored whether any of the markers is more influential than others, or than IR, in explaining blood parasitism (single-locus effects). While we observed that IR was a relatively important predictor ofPlasmodiumparasitism, we did not find strong evidence for IR to correlate with infection by the identified blood parasites, accounting for sex and population effects. Therefore, our data did not support negative inbreeding effects on blood parasite infection in the Aquatic Warbler. However, we found single-locus effects, such that individuals heterozygous at AW-03 and Ase19 had lower probability of infection by blood parasites pooled together and byPlasmodium, respectively. This indicates that these two markers are in linkage disequilibrium with unknown fitness loci which are related to resisting or clearing blood parasites, and which confer a heterozygote advantage in the Aquatic Warbler. Our results add to the growing evidence that single-locus effects contribute more to HFCs than formerly recognized and have implications for Aquatic Warbler conservation.
Problems of Fact, Method, Theory, and Concepts in Tsoukas (2018)
Authors: McGahan Anita M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOn January, 27, 2017, U.S. President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 13769 on immigration and travel (EO 13769), which restricted entry into the U.S. of the citizens of seven primarily Muslim countries. Many academics reacted with outrage, including me and other members of the Academy of Management (AOM), of which I was President at the time. Some scholarly associations condemned EO 13769 as immoral, but the AOM did not immediately issue such a condemnation because the AOM’s Constitution included a policy of no-political-stands (NPSP) and a principle that nobody, including the AOM President, could represent personal views as those of the organization. Within a few weeks, the AOM Constitution was changed, and in October, 2017, the AOM joined other associations in issuing a condemnation. An article was published in this journal on this situation (Tsoukas in J Bus Ethics,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3979-y, 2018) that was subsequently amended through a published Correction (Tsoukas in J Bus Ethics,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04194-9, 2019), but the Correction only partially addressed the problems in the original. The main contribution of this commentary is to take up the invitation in Tsoukas (2018) to examine the case for insights on theoretical and conceptual questions raised in the literature on prototypicality and moral imagination. It also briefly outlines the most significant omitted errors of fact in Tsoukas (2018) that were not corrected in Tsoukas (2019), and describes the most important methodological problems in Tsoukas (2018). The conclusion suggests that the complex, nuanced, and evolving interactions that unfolded at the AOM are not fully addressed theoretically or conceptually in this literature.
Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship – insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics
Authors: Kuschel Katherina , Ettl Kerstin , Díaz-García Cristina , Alsos Gry Agnete 
Published: March 2020

AbstractScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are notably important for innovation and technological development, which in turn are seen as drivers of social and economic growth. Hence, researchers and policy-makers have paid substantial attention to analyzing and promoting high-growth ventures in STEM fields. However, STEM fields are highly gender-skewed, regardless of whether the population considered is students, faculty members, graduates, top managers, or entrepreneurs. This is noticeable in the small number of women entrepreneurs with STEM backgrounds. This underrepresentation of women in innovation-driven business startups highlights existing gender biases and systemic disadvantages in social structures, making visible the double masculinity that exists at the intersection of STEM and entrepreneurship. This article addresses this issue by combining insights from research about women’s entrepreneurship and research about the gender aspects of STEM fields. We emphasize institutional, organizational, and individual factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship in STEM fields, laying the foundation for the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we discuss the way forward for research on the gender aspects of STEM entrepreneurship to help us create the knowledge needed to close this gender gap.
A pressuremeter-based evaluation of structure in London Clay using a kinematic hardening constitutive model
Authors: Rouainia Mohamed , Panayides Stelios , Arroyo Marcos , Gens Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe self-boring pressuremeter (SBP) test was designed to measure in situ engineering properties of the ground with a relatively small amount of disturbance. The properties that may be inferred from the test depend on the mechanical model used for its interpretation and on the significance given to other previously available information. In this paper, numerical modelling using the advanced kinematic hardening structure model (KHSM) for natural soils has been performed to investigate the influence of the initial structure and the degradation of structure on the SBP cavity pore pressures and expansion curves within London Clay. The validation of the KHSM against well-known analytical solutions and the calibration procedure used to identify the material parameters are presented. The numerical analyses reveal that the simulations of the SBP tests using the KHSM model provide a very close match of the expansion curves to the experimental data, but underestimate the pore pressures at the initial stage of the SBP expansion test. A parametric study has been carried out to determine the effects induced by the parameters of the destructuration model along with the disturbance experienced during the SBP installation, which is difficult to estimate in situ. Two disturbance scenarios were considered where the initial structure was assumed to vary linearly across an area close to the wall of the cavity. These simulations indicate that accounting for installation disturbance leads to a substantial improvement in pore pressure predictions for the SBP.
Authority and Subject (in the Archaeological Discourse in Austria and Germany)
Authors: Karl Raimund 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe primary task of archaeological heritage management is to represent the public interest in archaeology. How this is constituted and determined has changed significantly over the past 200 years. As this paper demonstrates, a modern, egalitarian, democratic approach has yet to be established within Austrian and German archaeological heritage management: the relationship between heritage management bureaucracy and the civic subject is anachronistic, stuck in a pre-1848 Revolution mindset. Due to the lack of a public discourse and the nature of scholarly engagement with archaeological heritage management, the power of (state) archaeologists is not imaginary, but very real.
High absolute lymphocyte counts are associated with longer overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin—but not with treatment of physician’s choice—in the EMBRACE study
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuo , Yoshimura Yuta , Saito Kenichi , Muramoto Kenzo , Sugawara Michiko , Alexis Karenza , Nomoto Kenichi , Nakamura Seigo , Saeki Toshiaki , Watanabe Junichiro , Perez-Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Eribulin, a nontaxane synthetic inhibitor of microtubule dynamics, is widely used to manage locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eribulin has demonstrated immunomodulatory activity on the tumour microenvironment. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of immune status, may predict progression-free survival in eribulin treatment. This post hoc analysis assessed predictors for overall survival (OS).

Methods
The phase 3 open-label study (EMBRACE) of eribulin versus treatment of physician’s choice (TPC) in patients with MBC provided source data. Baseline absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and NLR were evaluable in 751 and 713 patients, respectively.

Results
Eribulin prolonged OS versus TPC in patients with baseline ALC ≥ 1500/µl (hazard ratio [HR] 0.586; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.437–0.784; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference by treatment for ALC < 1500/µl (HR 1.002; 95% CI 0.800–1.253; P = 0.989). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and identified baseline ALC as a potential predictor of OS in eribulin-treated patients. Interaction analysis of OS supported 1500/µl as a potentially differential cutoff value. NLR at a cutoff value of 3 was associated with prolonged OS (eribulin group). However, similar results were also observed in the TPC group, without apparent interaction effect, suggesting that NLR may be a general prognostic marker rather than a specific predictor of OS for eribulin.

Discussion
This hypothesis-generating study speculates that baseline ALC may be an independent predictor for longer OS in eribulin-treated MBC patients and could be clinically impactful because it can be evaluated without the need for additional invasive procedures.

Trial Registration
www.ClinicalTrials.gov code: NCT00388726
Revision of archive recovery tests using analytical and numerical methods on thermal water wells in sandstone and fractured carbonate aquifers in the vicinity of Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Garamhegyi Tamás , Székely Ferenc , Carrillo-Rivera J. Joel , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study offers a reinterpretation of archive aquifer tests, predominantly on the basis of recovery data, from an original datasheet of thermal water wells located in carbonate and sandstone aquifer units in the vicinity of Budapest, Hungary. The study compares the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) values derived in the first instance from an aquifer test evaluation. This included an initial application of the classical analytical Cooper and Jacob method. Subsequently, the visual two-zone (VTZ) numerical method was applied, then third, a more complex model, namely, WT software. It was found that the simple analytical solution is not able to represent the field conditions accurately, while in the course of the application of the VTZ model, it proved possible to alter the various hydraulic parameters within reasonable limits to fit the field data. In the case of the VTZ model, the researcher is required to calculate the accuracy of the fitted model separately, while with the WT model, this is automatic, the software seeks out the best fit. In addition to VTZ parameters, the WT model can efficiently incorporate data on up to 500 model layers, water level, and pressure. The optimization of the parameters may be achieved by automatic calibration, improving the accuracy of the numerical results. Recovery tests for 12 wells were numerically simulated to obtain values for vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity and specific storage for Triassic and Eocene fractured carbonate and the Upper-Miocene-Pliocene granular sandstone aquifer units. When an analytical solution is applied, only average values could be obtained. The conclusion reached was that the results of the analytical solution can be improved by the use of numerical methods. These methods are able to incorporate basic information on well design, aquifer material and the hydrogeological environment in the course of the evaluation. The revision of the archive recovery data using numerical methods may assist in the quest for better data for numerical flow and transport simulations without the need to perform new tests. In addition, the methods employed here can explain cases in which the original analytical interpretations proved unable to yield reliable data and predictions.
The solid progress of nanomedicine
Authors: Martins João Pedro , das Neves José , de la Fuente María , Celia Christian , Florindo Helena , Günday-Türeli Nazende , Popat Amirali , Santos José Luis , Sousa Flávia , Schmid Ruth , Wolfram Joy , Sarmento Bruno , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis commentary article conveys the views of the board of the Nanomedicine and Nanoscale Delivery Focus Group of the Controlled Release Society regarding the decision of the United States National Cancer Institute (NCI) in halting funding for the Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNEs), and the subsequent editorial articles that broadened this discussion.
Some Unresolved Ethical Challenges in Healthcare Decision-Making: Navigating Family Involvement
Authors: Menon Sumytra , Entwistle Vikki A. , Campbell Alastair V. , van Delden Johannes J. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFamily involvement in healthcare decision-making for competent patients occurs to varying degrees in many communities around the world. There are different attitudes about who should make treatment decisions, how and why. Legal and professional ethics codes in most jurisdictions reflect and support the idea that competent patients should be enabled to make their own treatment decisions, even if others, including their healthcare professionals, disagree with them. This way of thinking contrasts with some cultural norms that put more emphasis on the family as a decision-making entity, in some circumstances to the exclusion of a competent patient. Possible tensions may arise between various combinations of patient, family members and healthcare professionals, and healthcare professionals must tread a careful path in navigating family involvement in the decision-making process. These tensions may be about differences of opinion about which treatment option is best and/or on who should have a say or influence in the decision-making process. While some relevant cultural, legal and policy considerations vary from community to community, there are ethical issues that healthcare professionals need to grapple with in balancing the laws and professional codes on decision-making and the ethical principle of respecting patients and their autonomy. This paper will highlight and propose that a partial resolution to these issues may lie in relational understandings of autonomy, which in principle justify interventions by healthcare professionals and family that support patients in decision-making.
Intervention to reduce carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Pannaraj Pia S. , Janjindamai Waricha , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Maneenil Gunlawadee , Apisarnthanarak Anucha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effects of environmental cleaning and the installation of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) to reduce neonatal carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) sepsis and colonization as well as antimicrobial use.Design:We conducted a 7-year, quasi-experimental study.Setting and patients:All neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:We compared the trends for CRAB sepsis and colonization before (period 1, 2011–2013) and after (period 3, 2015–2017) a 12-month intervention period in 2014 (period 2) to incorporate a combination of HME use and sodium hypochlorite cleaning (5,000 ppm in the NICU and 500 ppm in the neonatal environment) using interrupted time series analysis with segmented regression.Results:During the 7-year study period, 3,367 neonates were admitted to the NICU; the prevalence rates of CRAB sepsis and endotracheal CRAB colonization were 0.5 per 1,000 patient days, and 19.4 per 1,000 ventilator days. A comparison of period 1 to period 3 showed significant decreases in the percentages of both CRAB of A. baumannii sepsis (100% versus 11%) and endotracheal colonization (76% vs 52%) following the introduction of disposable HMEs and sodium hypochlorite cleaning (both P < .001). In period 3, compared with period 1, segmented regression analysis showed significant reductions in endotracheal CRAB colonization per 1,000 ventilator days (ie, change in level) and both carbapenem and colistin use (changes in both level and slope) (P < .001).Conclusions:Interventions featuring environmental cleaning and use of HMEs led to a sustainable reduction of CRAB colonization coupled with a reduction in broad-spectrum antimicrobial use in the NICU.
The Expansion of Slavery in Benguela During the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Candido Mariana P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores the nature and expansion of slavery in Benguela, in West Central Africa, during the nineteenth century, engaging with the scholarship on second slavery. Robert Palmer, Eric Hobsbawm, and Janet Polasky have framed the nineteenth century as the age of contagious liberty, yet, in Benguela, and elsewhere along the African coast, the institution of slavery expanded, in part to attend to the European and North American demand for natural resources. In the wake of the end of the slave trade, plantation slavery spread along the African coast to supply the growing demand in Europe and North America for cotton, sugar, and natural resources such as wax, ivory, rubber, and gum copal. In Portuguese territories in West Central Africa, slavery remained alive until 1869, when enslaved people were put into systems of apprenticeship very similar to labor regimes elsewhere in the Atlantic world. For the thousands of people who remained in captivity in Benguela, the nineteenth century continued to be a moment of oppression, forced labor, and extreme violence, not an age of abolition.After the 1836 abolition of slave exports, local merchants and recently arrived immigrants from Portugal and Brazil set up plantations around Benguela making extensive use of unfree labor. In this article, I examine how abolition, colonialism, and economic exploitation were part of the same process in Benguela, which resulted in new zones of slavery responding to industrialization and market competition. Looking at individual cases, wherever possible, this study examines the kinds of activities enslaved people performed and the nature of slave labor. Moreover, it examines how free and enslaved people interacted and the differences that existed in terms of gender, analyzing the type of labor performed by enslaved men and women. And it questions the limitations of the “age of abolition”.
The dynamics of prey selection by the trap-building predatorGasteracantha hasselti
Authors: Michalko Radek , Košulič Ondřej , Saksongmuang Venus , Wongprom Prasit , Siripaiboon Prapinya , Trisurat Yongyut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrey selection by generalist predators can be highly dynamic depending on the prey community structure. However, the dynamics of prey selection at the stage of prey entrapping are rarely investigated in trap-building predators, probably because their traps have been previously considered to intercept mobile prey proportionally to its availability in environment. Here we investigated the dynamics of prey selection by the orb-weaving spiderGasteracantha hasselti(Araneidae) depending on the composition of the available prey in tropical lowland forests located in north-eastern Thailand. We found thatGasteracanthacaptured a wide variety of prey but selected, on average, mostly Coleoptera and Diptera. The selectivity ofGasteracantha’s webs for Coleoptera was constant across the changes in overall prey availability and prey composition. The web selectivity for Hemiptera decreased rapidly with increasing relative densities of Hemiptera in the environment. The selectivity for Diptera and Hymenoptera increased and decreased, respectively, with their absolute densities in the environment. The relative selectivity ofGasteracantha’s traps for a particular prey type was driven by the presence and density of the highly selected prey rather than overall prey density. The results show that the selectivity ofGasteracantha’s traps for prey had both fixed and dynamic components and the dynamic component was determined by the relative as well as absolute densities of the particular prey types in the environment.
Reagan’s Southern Comfort: The “Boll Weevil” Democrats in the “Reagan Revolution” of 1981
Authors: BARTHO JONATHAN 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:In 1981, around fifty conservative southern Democrats in the House of Representatives, the so-called Boll Weevils, played a crucial role in the enactment of President Ronald Reagan’s economic agenda. The significance of this episode has thus far been underappreciated. This article illustrates the importance of the Boll Weevils’ support to the early success of Reagan’s presidency, as well its implications for both the South’s political landscape and for the national Republican Party.Though short-lived, this coalition would prove to be a significant rupture in the Democratic Party’s superiority in the South at the congressional level and highlighted the partisan fragmentation the region was undergoing. As this article will demonstrate, the events of 1981 returned southern conservatism to the center of power in Washington for the first time in over a decade and acted as a catalyst for a number of southern Democratic congressmen to move toward the GOP.
Directed technological change, energy and more: a modern story
Authors: Hou Zheng , Roseta-Palma Catarina , Ramalho Joaquim J.S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReliance of modern economic activities on the use of energy, most of which still comes from non-renewable sources, provokes concerns regarding the most efficient utilization of energy inputs in production. While most theory expects directed technological change to be biased towards the non-renewable input, there is rare macro-level evidence that technological change is actually biased towards energy rather than other main inputs. To fill this gap, we apply stochastic frontier analysis to country data regarding output produced with capital, labor and energy, and estimate a set of indicators for technological change. Findings show that technological change is biased the most towards energy in general. In particular, although different groups of countries exhibit various patterns, there is strong evidence that technological change favors energy more than labor. This is in line with the theoretical expectation that technological change ought to be biased towards the non-renewable input rather than the renewable ones.