bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the creation of new freshwater habitat demographically offset losses of Pacific salmon from chronic anthropogenic mortality?
Authors: Gibeau Pascale , Bradford Michael J. , Palen Wendy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver 1 billion USD are devoted annually to rehabilitating freshwater habitats to improve survival for the recovery of endangered salmon populations. Mitigation often requires the creation of new habitat (e.g. habitat compensation) to offset population losses from human activities, however compensation schemes are rarely evaluated. Anadromous Pacific salmon are ecologically, culturally, and economically important in the US and Canada, and face numerous threats from climate change, over-harvesting, and degradation of freshwater habitats. Here we used a matrix population model of coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)to determine the amount of habitat compensation needed to offset mortality (2-20% per year) caused by a range of development activities. We simulated chronic mortality to three different life stages (egg, parr, smolt/adult), individually and in combination, to mimic impacts from development, and evaluated if the number of smolts produced from constructed side-channels demographically offset losses. We show that under ideal conditions, the typical size of a constructed side-channel in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) (3405 m2) is sufficient to compensate for only relatively low levels of chronic mortality to either the parr or smolt/adult stages (2-7% per year), but populations do not recover if mortality is >10% per year. When we assumed lower productivity (e.g.; 25thpercentile), or imposed mortality at multiple life stages, we found that constructed channels would need to be larger (0.2-4.5 times) than if we assumed mean productivity or as compared to the typical size built in the PNW, respectively, to maintain population sizes.. We conclude that habitat compensation has the potential to mitigate chronic mortality to early life stages, but that current practices are likely not sufficient when we incorporate more realistic assumptions about productivity of constructed side-channels and cumulative effects of anthropogenic disturbances on multiple life stages.
Structural determination ofStreptococcus pyogenesM1 protein interactions with human immunoglobulin G using integrative structural biology
Authors: Khakzad Hamed , Happonen Lotta , Karami Yasaman , Nilges Michael , Van Nhieu Guy Tran , Malmström Johan , Malmström Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes(Group A streptococcus; GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for mild to severe, life-threatening infections. GAS expresses a wide range of virulence factors, including the M family proteins. The M proteins allow the bacteria to evade parts of the human immune defenses by triggering the formation of a dense coat of plasma proteins surrounding the bacteria, including IgGs. However, the molecular level details of the M1-IgG interaction have remained unclear. Here, we characterized the structure and dynamics of this interaction interface in human plasma on the surface of live bacteria using integrative structural biology, combining cross-linking mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We show that the primary interaction is formed between the S-domain of M1 and the conserved IgG Fc-domain. In addition, we show evidence for a so far uncharacterized interaction between the A-domain and the IgG Fc-domain. Both these interactions mimic the protein G-IgG interface of group C and G streptococcus. These findings underline a conserved scavenging mechanism used by GAS surface proteins that block the IgG-receptor (FcγR) to inhibit phagocytic killing. We additionally show that we can capture Fab-bound IgGs in a complex background and identify the specific M1 epitopes targeted on live bacteria. Our results elucidate the M1-IgG interaction network involved in inhibition of phagocytosis and reveal important M1 peptides that can be further investigated as future vaccine targets.
Hello From the Other Side: Robust Contralateral Interference in Tactile Detection
Authors: Kusnir Flor , Pesin Slav , Landau Ayelet N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur sense of touch is unique in that our tactile receptors are spread across our body surface and constantly receive different inputs at the same time. These inputs vary in relevance according to our current goals, but there is little research on how simultaneous stimulation to different body sites affects the perception of touch. In this series of studies, we characterised how irrelevant tactile sensations across the body-midline affect tactile detection in a constantly-attended body site. Participants had to detect a target on their dominant index finger, while receiving irrelevant stimulation to another body site (homologous and non-homologous fingers, and the contralateral ankle). We document robust interference effects on all measured body-sites. Its impact on detection-performance was unaffected by body posture, exacerbated by the intensity of the irrelevant stimulation, and ameliorated by embedding a target-like signal in the irrelevant stimulation. In addition, we generalise our findings beyond the target stimulus (i.e., a vibration intensity decrement) and report similar effects when employing a target-increment. In light of our findings, we propose that tactile inputs may be pooled together early in the hierarchy of somatosensory processing, resulting in an integrated percept. The rules for integration across body sides are likely not described by a simple summation, but rather may be governed by more complex interactions between fingers and according to the corresponding perceived, as well as actual, intensities of the stimulation.HighlightsIrrelevant stimulation to a contralateral body site hinders tactile detection.We show robust and early integration of sensory inputs from across body sides.The amount of interference varies by the signal-to-noise in the irrelevant stimulation.Interference may result from cortical integration of bilateral tactile sensations.
A cultural-economic examination of public relations measurement in the 1920s and its implications for contemporary practice
Authors: Anderson William 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWhat gets measured gets done” goes the cliché. Therefore, it is imperative for corporate communicators to understand the measurement of persuasive communication, starting with its antecedents. This paper will highlight the link between audience awareness/behavior and persuasive communication through an examination of how 1920s practitioners studied the effect their communications materials (specifically film and print brochures) had on key audiences.Design/methodology/approachThe author used the cultural-economic model (CEM) of public relations (PR) as a framework to examine the various socio-cultural organizational factors that affected the production and the consumption of communication materials and messages.FindingsThe intent and techniques of PR measurement have not changed much in 100 years. A contemporary practitioner might conduct a study of communications materials in a similar manner as the 1920s social hygienists, and this study adds the concept of human agency to the discussion of PR measurement. This is not to engage in historical presentism and judge past practitioners on current standards. Instead, it is a call for contemporary practitioners to take a deeper look at the moment of consumption and all the variables that go into meaning making.Originality/valueMost of the field's historical case studies focus on the production of communication messages and materials, while this paper examines those facets as well as audience consumption. Implications for contemporary practitioners are discussed.
Culture, productivity and competitiveness: disentangling the concepts
Authors: Chen Stephen , Lin Nidthida 
Published: July 2020

PurposeCulture has been identified as one of the main drivers of the “competitive productivity” (CP) of nations. However, research studies examining the relationships between culture, competition and productivity are highly fragmented across different streams of literature, leaving researchers with a lack of a holistic view of the topic. This study reviews research studies that examined the relationships between culture and productivity and between culture and competitiveness, as well as the joint relationships between culture, productivity and competitiveness in leading economic, business and management journals in the period 2009–2018 in order to identify research gaps and opportunities for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a combination of bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, text analysis using Leximancer and systematic review by expert reviewers to analyze 293 articles that consider culture, productivity and competitiveness published in leading business, management and economics journals in the period 2009–2018.FindingsThe findings indicate that, although productivity and competitiveness are often discussed jointly in some policy circles, research studies on the roles of culture on productivity and on competitiveness take place in quite different streams of academic literature, drawing on different sets of concepts and theoretical frameworks. The concept of innovation appears prominently in both sets of the literature as an antecedent of both productivity improvement and international competitiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings highlight the need for more research studies which jointly examine culture, productivity and competitiveness and the relationships between them.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first attempts to systematically analyze the literature on the relationship between culture and CP.
Deep learning-based approach for segmentation of glioma sub-regions in MRI
Authors: Chaudhary Jiten , Rani Rajneesh , Kamboj Aman 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBrain tumor is one of the most dangerous and life-threatening disease. In order to decide the type of tumor, devising a treatment plan and estimating the overall survival time of the patient, accurate segmentation of tumor region from images is extremely important. The process of manual segmentation is very time-consuming and prone to errors; therefore, this paper aims to provide a deep learning based method, that automatically segment the tumor region from MR images.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors propose a deep neural network for automatic brain tumor (Glioma) segmentation. Intensity normalization and data augmentation have been incorporated as pre-processing steps for the images. The proposed model is trained on multichannel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. The model outputs high-resolution segmentations of brain tumor regions in the input images.FindingsThe proposed model is evaluated on benchmark BRATS 2013 dataset. To evaluate the performance, the authors have used Dice score, sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The superior performance of the proposed model is validated by training very popular UNet model in the similar conditions. The results indicate that proposed model has obtained promising results and is effective for segmentation of Glioma regions in MRI at a clinical level.Practical implicationsThe model can be used by doctors to identify the exact location of the tumorous region.Originality/valueThe proposed model is an improvement to the UNet model. The model has fewer layers and a smaller number of parameters in comparison to the UNet model. This helps the network to train over databases with fewer images and gives superior results. Moreover, the information of bottleneck feature learned by the network has been fused with skip connection path to enrich the feature map.
Forecasting extreme risk using regime-switching GARCH models: a case from an energy commodity
Authors: Xiao Yang 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate regime-switching and single-regime GARCH models for the extreme risk forecast of the developed and the emerging crude oil markets.Design/methodology/approachThe regime-switching GARCH-type models and their single-regime counterparts are used in risk forecast of crude oil.FindingsThe author finds that the regime-switching GARCH-type models are suitable for the developed and the emerging crude oil markets in that they effectively measure the extreme risk of crude oil in different cases. Meanwhile, the model with switching regimes captures dynamic structures in financial markets, and these models are just only better than the corresponding single-regime in terms of long position risk forecast, instead of short position. That is, it just outperforms the single-regime on the downside risk forecast.Originality/valueThis study comprehensively compares risk forecast of crude oil in different situations through the competitive models. The obtained findings have strong implications to investors and policymakers for selecting a suitable model to forecast extreme risk of crude oil when they are faced with portfolio selection, asset allocation and risk management.
Strengthening city–university partnerships to advance sustainability solutions: a study of research collaborations between the University of British Columbia and City of Vancouver
Authors: Pauer Stefan U. , Pilon Angelique , Badelt Brad 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate sustainability research collaborations between the City of Vancouver and the University of British Columbia (UBC), as a case study to better understand how to use city–university partnerships to advance effective urban sustainability policy and practices. The study compiles a basic inventory of partnerships since 2010, describes their benefits, areas for improvement, barriers to collaboration and proposes ways to increase and improve future collaborations.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on an electronic survey completed by 58 individuals and interviews with 13 such participants who were faculty members and staff at UBC and Vancouver.FindingsMost collaborations responded to climate change in some way, were initiated through informal professional relationships and involved single departments in each organization. Projects ranged in size, duration and level of municipal funding. Although project participants were generally happy with past experiences, future collaborations could be improved by increasing leadership commitment and resources and producing more mutually beneficial outcomes. Barriers included lacking awareness of potential partners, difficulty aligning municipal needs with academic research interests and divergent expectations about project resources. The study recommends introducing formal processes to help identify overlapping interests and opportunities, enhance co-creation of projects and increase leadership and resources.Practical implicationsThe findings may inform the development and implementation of future city–university partnerships to advance sustainable policies and practices in urban areas.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by reviewing experiences with city–university collaborations and offering evidence-based recommendations to improve them, thereby increasing opportunities for more effective urban sustainability solutions.
Safety climate and employees' voluntary work behaviours: the moderating role of employees' voice
Authors: Amponsah-Tawiah Kwesi , Boateng Akosua Konadu , Tetteh Samuel Doku 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study examined the relationship between safety climate and employees' voluntary work behaviours (i.e. organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour). It also examined the moderating role of employees' voice on the relationship between safety climate and employees' voluntary work behaviours.Design/methodology/approachUsing the quantitative survey research design, data were collected from 220 respondents from three manufacturing companies in Accra, Ghana. Pearson's correlation test (r) and hierarchical multiple regression were used for data analysis.FindingsResults showed that safety climate plays a significant role in predicting employees' voluntary work behaviours. Also, employees' voice was found to moderate the relationship between safety climate and organisational citizenship behaviour but does not moderate the relationship between safety climate and counterproductive work behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsData was collected from manufacturing firms in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana; hence, the findings may be limited to just the manufacturing industry in the Ghanaian setting.Originality/valueThis paper positions safety climate as a catalyst for positive voluntary work behaviours in the workplace and an antidote to negative workplace behaviours. It also highlights the role of employees' voice in enhancing positive voluntary workplace behaviours of employees.
Understanding fintech continuance: perspectives from self-efficacy and ECT-IS theories
Authors: Shiau Wen-Lung , Yuan Ye , Pu Xiaodie , Ray Soumya , Chen Charlie C. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to clarify theory and identify factors that could explain the level of fintech continuance intentions with an expectation confirmation model that integrates self-efficacy theory.Design/methodology/approachWith data collected from 753 fintech users, this study applies partial least square structural equation modeling to compare and select the research model with the most predictive power.FindingsThe results show that financial self-efficacy, technological self-efficacy and confirmation positively affect perceived usefulness. Among these factors, financial self-efficacy and technological self-efficacy have both direct and indirect effects through confirmation on perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness and confirmation are positively related to satisfaction. Finally, perceived usefulness and satisfaction positively influence fintech continuance intentions.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies that investigates the effect of domain-specific self-efficacy on fintech continuance intentions, which enriches the existing research on fintech and deepens our understanding of users' fintech continuance intentions. We distinguish between financial self-efficacy and technological self-efficacy and specify the relationship between self-efficacy and continuance intentions. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of assessing a model's predictive power using the PLSpredict technique and provides a reference for model selection.
Istisna’abased monetary policy and its effectiveness in achieving full employment and price stability
Authors: Selim Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to exploreIstisna’aas a tool of monetary policy (MP) and examines its effectiveness in achieving full employment income and price stability.Design/methodology/approachThis paper usesIstisna’aas a tool of MP and examines its effects on key macroeconomic variables on purely theoretical ground. The effectiveness and the impact ofIstisna’a-based MP is examined by using aggregate output and aggregate expenditure model, embedded with Islamic economic principles, including zakat function.FindingsIstisna’a-based MP immediately creates well paid jobs, positively contributes and expands the size of the manufacturing sector, increases capital per person employed, labor productivity and thus increases output, employment and promotes industrialization. Increase in the size of manufacturing sector will not only increase manufactured value-added exports but also cut high valued manufactured imports and thus increases positive trade balance and eventually reduces trade deficits. Increase in labor productivity will improve the standard of living, and eventually the economy will yield sustainable high growth rates, full employment and prosperity.Originality/valueThis is probably one of the first attempt to systematically develop theIstisna’a-based MP with detailed MP transmission mechanism. This new contribution in the field of Islamic MP will unveil the horizon of sustainable economic growth, creation of well paid jobs, expansion of manufacturing sector, rapid industrialization and the increase in capital per person employed across the economy, and eventuallyIstisna’a-based MP will be one of the most effective tool of MP for transforming an economy into a relatively higher and sophisticated stages which will eventually promote sustainable development.
Impact of Islamic banking share on financial inclusion: evidence from MENA
Authors: Khmous Duha Farouq , Besim Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how the Islamic banking share (percentage of total Islamic banking assets relative to total banking sector assets) and individual characteristics (gender, age, income and education) affect financial inclusion in 14 Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries with different income levels.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses data from the 2014 World Bank Global Findex database to analyze the impact of individual characteristics, Islamic banking share and countries’ developmental levels on financial inclusion and its barriers in MENA countries. The probit estimation method is used for estimations.

Findings
The findings indicate that financial inclusion, particularly in middle-income MENA countries, is lower than the global average. While being male, rich and older positively affects financial inclusion in these countries, education does not. Islamic banking practises also contribute to financial inclusion, especially for individuals with strong religious affiliations. The effect of Islamic banking on financial inclusion is found to be greater in middle-income MENA countries.

Practical implications
Islamic banking institutions could play a greater role in promoting financial inclusion in the MENA region by offering Sharia-compliant products that meet individuals’ needs, matching the specific requirements and status of each country with affordable costs and offering adequate information to customers. Governments should promote more Islamic banking and incentivise investments in technology, which helps expand financial inclusion.

Originality/value
This is the first study to examine the influence of Islamic banking share and countries’ levels of development on financial inclusion in the MENA region.
Corporate governance mechanism and the ratings of Islamic and conventional mutual funds: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Farrukh , Khurshid Muhammad Kashif , Saqib Shahnawaz 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the impact of different governance characteristics on the ratings of both Islamic and conventional mutual funds.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used panel data ordered probit regression model. Furthermore, to capture the mutual funds rating persistence effect and address the issue of endogeneity dynamic panel model is used and the results are estimated using the generalized method of the moment (GMM) technique.

Findings
The results indicated that amongst the corporate governance characteristics, board size, the board independence, directors and institutional ownership, and overall governance quality positively affect the ratings of both Islamic and conventional funds. However, chief executive officer (CEO) duality and board gender diversity did not show a significant impact on the ratings of these funds.

Practical implications
The current research provides input to the asset management firms as to how they can increase the fund ratings by implementing strong governance practises. Furthermore, the study also provides input to the rating agencies to account for governance characteristics along with financial indicators, when issuing the rating of any fund.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of corporate governance characteristics on the rating of both Islamic and conventional mutual funds and hence provides a significant contribution to the literature.