bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A roadblock on the path to aquifer sustainability: underestimating the impact of pumping reductions
Authors: Butler J J , Bohling G C , Whittemore D O , Wilson B B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Depletion of aquifers across the globe is challenging our ability to maintain critically needed agricultural production and provide potable water supplies for millions. In most cases, the only option to decrease the rate of depletion is to reduce the pumping of groundwater. Although implementation of large-scale pumping reductions in the absence of alternative water sources has proven difficult, recent work has shown that locally based, stakeholder-driven initiatives, coupled with regulatory oversight, can be a promising path forward. A critical question is how much must pumping be reduced to have a significant impact on decline rates. Data limitations and modeling uncertainties, however, have frustrated efforts to answer this question with reliable estimates of the needed reductions. We address this situation using a variant of the water-balance equation to identify a key factor, the misestimation of specific yield, that is limiting our ability to assess the impact of proposed pumping reductions. We find that common modeling practices can lead to large overestimates of the required pumping reductions, thereby inadvertently discouraging conservation efforts. We demonstrate the importance of this general finding using data from the High Plains Aquifer in the central United States where common practices have led to overestimates of required pumping reductions by a factor of three to six. We introduce a new metric, the coefficient of variation of net inflow, to help identify such conditions. The reliability of estimates of the impact of pumping reductions can be greatly improved when the constraints imposed by this new metric are combined with a recently proposed method for estimation of specific yield from field data. The ramifications of these findings are far reaching, as defensible estimates of the impact of proposed pumping reductions are an essential element of efforts to chart more sustainable paths for the world’s heavily stressed aquifers.
Investigation of seaweed derivative iota-carrageenan based biopolymer electrolytes with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Chitra R , Sathya P , Selvasekarapandian S , Meyvel S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present work, iota-carrageenan (i-carrageenan) biopolymer derived from edible seaweed has been chosen as the host polymer material for battery electrolyte. Ionic salt of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) commonly known as lithium triflate has been added with the host polymer as a source of charge carriers. The polymer membranes of 1.0 g i-carrageenan with LiCF3SO3 of various compositions (0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt%) have been prepared by solution casting technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate the enhancement in amorphous nature of polymer membranes due to the addition of LiCF3SO3. Complex formation between the salt and polymer has been studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The high ionic conductivity of 1.27 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature is achieved with the combination of 1.0 g i-carrageenan : 0.4 wt% LiCF3SO3 by AC impedance analysis. Total ion transference number estimated for the highest conducting sample is 0.95 by Wagner’s DC polarization method and electrochemical stability of the same is 3.52 V by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) measurement. Lithium ion conducting battery has been fabricated using the highest conducting polymer membrane. Its open circuit voltage is measured as 1.70 V and its performance is studied.
Identifying Diagnostic Genetic Markers for a Cryptic Invasive Agricultural Pest: A Test Case Using the Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Doellman Meredith M , Hood Glen R , Gersfeld Jacob , Driscoe Amanda , Xu Charles C Y , Sheehy Ryan N , Holmes Noah , Yee Wee L , Feder Jeffrey L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInsect pests destroy ~15% of all U.S. crops, resulting in losses of $15 billion annually. Thus, developing cheap, quick, and reliable methods for detecting harmful species is critical to curtail insect damage and lessen economic impact. The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, is a major invasive pest threatening the multibillion-dollar apple industry in the Pacific Northwest United States. The fly is also sympatric with a benign but morphologically similar and genetically closely related species, R. zephyria, which attacks noncommercial snowberry. Unambiguous species identification is essential due to a zero-infestation policy of apple maggot for fruit export. Mistaking R. zephyria for R. pomonella triggers unnecessary and costly quarantines, diverting valuable control resources. Here we develop and apply a relatively simple and cost-effective diagnostic approach using Illumina sequencing of double-digest restriction site-associated DNA markers. We identified five informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and designed a diagnostic test based on agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme-digested polymerase chain reaction amplification products (RFLPs) to distinguish fly species. We demonstrated the utility of this approach for immediate, 1-d species identification by scoring apple- and snowberry-infesting flies from known hosts, reared from fruit collected at 11 sites throughout Washington. However, if immediate diagnosis is not required, or hundreds to thousands of specimens must be assessed, then a direct Illumina-based sequencing strategy, similar to that used here for diagnostic SNP identification, can be powerful and cost-effective. The genomic strategy we present is effective for R. pomonella and also transferable to many cryptic pests.
Growing Older in Social Work: Perspective on Systems of Support to Extend Working Lives—Findings from a UK Survey
Authors: McFadden Paula , Moriarty John , Schröder Heike , Gillen Patricia , Manthorpe Gillian , Mallett John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSocial work, like many other human service professions, is ageing. This article reports and discusses the findings of a UK social work survey undertaken in 2018 (1,397 responses). It investigated how organisational policies and individual factors were affecting individual social workers’ decisions about working in later life. The survey measured (i) social workers’ attitudes to ageing at work and self-reported planning around retirement; (ii) mental health and well-being, quality of working life and home and work interface and (iii) intention to leave work and retirement planning. Statistical analysis enabled examination of how the interrelationship of these factors and relevant individual characteristics interact within the systemic work environment. Findings revealed that all participants had considered factors that might cause them to retire early. Framing the findings in an ecological conceptual model suggests that age-inclusive professional and organisational cultures, age-positive human resource management, support from line managers, fair working conditions and the ability to manage health and well-being, might enable social workers to extend their working lives in line with government policy. These findings provide insights for social work workforce policymakers and for employers to assist in their development of organisational and individual adjustments to sustain well-being in the social work profession.
Sex associations and computed tomography coronary angiography-guided management in patients with stable chest pain
Authors: Mangion Kenneth , Adamson Philip D , Williams Michelle C , Hunter Amanda , Pawade Tania , Shah Anoop S V , Lewis Stephanie , Boon Nicholas A , Flather Marcus , Forbes John , McLean Scott , Roditi Giles , van Beek Edwin J R , Timmis Adam D , Newby David E , McAllister David A , Berry Colin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
The relative benefits of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA)-guided management in women and men with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (CHD) are uncertain.

Methods and results
In this post hoc analysis of an open-label parallel-group multicentre trial, we recruited 4146 patients referred for assessment of suspected angina from 12 cardiology clinics across the UK. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants to standard care alone or standard care plus CTCA. Fewer women had typical chest pain symptoms (n = 582, 32.0%) when compared with men (n = 880, 37.9%; P &lt; 0.001). Amongst the CTCA-guided group, more women had normal coronary arteries [386 (49.6%) vs. 263 (26.2%)] and less obstructive CHD [105 (11.5%) vs. 347 (29.8%)]. A CTCA-guided strategy resulted in more women than men being reclassified as not having CHD {19.2% vs. 13.1%; absolute risk difference, 5.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7–8.7, P &lt; 0.001]} or having angina due to CHD [15.0% vs. 9.0%; absolute risk difference, 5.6 (2.3–8.9, P = 0.001)]. After a median of 4.8 years follow-up, CTCA-guided management was associated with similar reductions in the risk of CHD death or non-fatal myocardial infarction in women [hazard ratio (HR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.24–1.04], and men (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.95; P interaction = 0.572).

Conclusion
Following the addition of CTCA, women were more likely to be found to have normal coronary arteries than men. This led to more women being reclassified as not having CHD, resulting in more downstream tests and treatments being cancelled. There were similar prognostic benefits of CTCA for women and men.
Noncardiac-Related Morbidity, Mobility Limitation, and Outcomes in Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Tisminetzky Mayra , Gurwitz Jerry H , Fan Dongjie , Reynolds Kristi , Smith David H , Fouayzi Hassan , Sung Sue Hee , Goldberg Robert , Go Alan S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
To examine the individual and combined associations of noncardiac-related conditions and mobility limitation with morbidity and mortality in adults with heart failure (HF).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a large, diverse group of adults with HF from five U.S. integrated healthcare delivery systems. We characterized patients with respect to the presence of noncardiac conditions (&lt;3 vs ≥3) and/or mobility impairment (defined by the use/nonuse of a wheelchair, cane, or walker), categorizing them into four subgroups. Outcomes included all-cause death and hospitalizations for HF or any cause.

Results
Among 114,553 adults diagnosed with HF (mean age: 73 years old, 46% women), compared with &lt;3 noncardiac conditions/no mobility limitation, adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause death among those with &lt;3 noncardiac conditions/mobility limitation, ≥3 noncardiac conditions/no mobility limitation, ≥3 noncardiac conditions/mobility limitation (vs) were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.31–1.51), 1.72 (95% CI, 1.69–1.75), and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.85–2.01), respectively. We did not observe an increased risk of any-cause or HF-related hospitalization related to the presence of mobility limitation among those with a greater burden of noncardiac multimorbidity. Consistent findings regarding mortality were observed within groups defined according to age, gender, and HF type (preserved, reduced, mid-range ejection fraction), with the most prominent impact of mobility limitation in those &lt;65 years of age.

Conclusions
There is an additive association of mobility limitation, beyond the burden of noncardiac multimorbidity, on mortality for patients with HF, and especially prominent in younger patients.
Systematic processing of ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Tremblay Julien , Yergeau Etienne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, microbiology is becoming increasingly data-intensive. Because of its low cost, robust databases, and established bioinformatic workflows, sequencing of 16S/18S/ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons, which provides a marker of choice for phylogenetic studies, has become ubiquitous. Many established end-to-end bioinformatic pipelines are available to perform short amplicon sequence data analysis. These pipelines suit a general audience, but few options exist for more specialized users who are experienced in code scripting, Linux-based systems, and high-performance computing (HPC) environments. For such an audience, existing pipelines can be limiting to fully leverage modern HPC capabilities and perform tweaking and optimization operations. Moreover, a wealth of stand-alone software packages that perform specific targeted bioinformatic tasks are increasingly accessible, and finding a way to easily integrate these applications in a pipeline is critical to the evolution of bioinformatic methodologies.

Results
Here we describe AmpliconTagger, a short rRNA marker gene amplicon pipeline coded in a Python framework that enables fine tuning and integration of virtually any potential rRNA gene amplicon bioinformatic procedure. It is designed to work within an HPC environment, supporting a complex network of job dependencies with a smart-restart mechanism in case of job failure or parameter modifications. As proof of concept, we present end results obtained with AmpliconTagger using 16S, 18S, ITS rRNA short gene amplicons and Pacific Biosciences long-read amplicon data types as input.

Conclusions
Using a selection of published algorithms for generating operational taxonomic units and amplicon sequence variants and for computing downstream taxonomic summaries and diversity metrics, we demonstrate the performance and versatility of our pipeline for systematic analyses of amplicon sequence data.
Temporal trends in age at menarche and age at menopause: a population study of 312 656 women in Norway
Authors: Gottschalk M S , Eskild A , Hofvind S , Gran J M , Bjelland E K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Have mean age at menarche or mean age at natural menopause changed from the 1939 birth cohort to the 1964 birth cohort?

SUMMARY ANSWER
We estimated a minor decrease in mean age at menarche and an increase by nearly 3 years in mean age at natural menopause.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
In the Western world, age at menarche decreased across birth cohorts from the early 1800s until the 1950s. Whether mean age at menarche has continued to decrease in birth cohorts after the 1950s remains uncertain. It is also uncertain whether mean age at natural menopause has changed across birth cohorts.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
We performed a retrospective population study of 312 656 women who were born in Norway during the years 1936–1964.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
The data were obtained by two self-administered questionnaires from women who participated in the Norwegian breast cancer screening program (BreastScreen Norway) during the years 2006–2014. We used flexible parametric survival models with restricted cubic splines to estimate mean age at menarche, mean age at menopause and mean number of years between menarche and menopause according to the women’s year of birth. The women who were still having menstrual periods contributed with follow-up time until the time of data collection, and the women who had reported surgical removal of the uterus and/or both ovaries prior to natural menopause contributed with follow-up time until the time of surgery.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
The mean age at menarche was 13.42 years (95% CI: 13.40–13.44 years) among women born during 1936–1939, and it was 13.24 years (95% CI: 13.22–13.25 years) among women born during 1960–1964. The mean age at natural menopause increased from 50.31 years (95% CI: 50.25–50.37 years) among women born during 1936–1939 to 52.73 years (95% CI: 52.64–52.82 years) among women born during 1960–1964. The mean number of years between menarche and menopause increased from 36.83 years (95% CI: 36.77–36.89 years) to 40.22 years (95% CI: 40.11–40.34 years).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Information about age at menarche and age at menopause was based on self-reports.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Late menopause is associated with increased risk of breast cancer but also with increased life expectancy. Thus, higher mean age at menopause may partly explain the increase in breast cancer incidence after menopause and the increase in life expectancy in recent time. Also, a longer interval between menarche and menopause could suggest that the number of years of female fecundity has increased.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority [grant number 2016112 to M.S.G.] and by the Norwegian Cancer Society [grant number 6863294-2015 to E.K.B.]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer Cell Activation After Ebola Vaccination
Authors: Wagstaffe Helen R , Clutterbuck Elizabeth A , Bockstal Viki , Stoop Jeroen N , Luhn Kerstin , Douoguih Macaya , Shukarev Georgi , Snape Matthew D , Pollard Andrew J , Riley Eleanor M , Goodier Martin R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibody Fc-mediated functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, contribute to vaccine-induced protection against viral infections. Fc-mediated function of anti-Ebola glycoprotein (GP) antibodies suggest that Fc-dependent activation of effector cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, could play a role in vaccination against Ebola virus disease.MethodsWe analyzed the effect on primary human NK cell activation of anti-Ebola GP antibody in the serum of United Kingdom–based volunteers vaccinated with the novel 2-dose heterologous adenovirus type 26.ZEBOV, modified vaccinia Ankara–BN-Filo vaccine regimen.ResultsWe demonstrate primary human NK cell CD107a and interferon γ expression, combined with down-regulation of CD16, in response to recombinant Ebola virus GP and post-vaccine dose 1 and dose 2 serum samples. These responses varied significantly with vaccine regimen, and NK cell activation was found to correlate with anti-GP antibody concentration. We also reveal an impact of NK cell differentiation phenotype on antibody-dependent NK cell activation, with highly differentiated CD56dimCD57+ NK cells being the most responsive.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the dual importance of vaccine-induced antibody concentration and NK cell differentiation status in promoting Fc-mediated activation of NK cells after vaccination, raising a potential role for antibody-mediated NK cell activation in vaccine-induced immune responses.
An Improved Systems Approach as a Phytosanitary Measure for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Export Citrus Fruit From South Africa
Authors: Hattingh Vaughan , Moore Sean , Kirkman Wayne , Goddard Mat , Thackeray Sean , Peyper Mellissa , Sharp Gary , Cronjé Paul , Pringle Ken 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A systems approach was previously developed for mitigating phytosanitary risk of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) in citrus fruit exported from South Africa, as an alternative to a standalone cold disinfestation treatment. The present study first tested the original systems approach by applying it on a semicommercial scale in 10 Nova mandarin orchards. Fruit were inspected at points in the production, packing, and simulated shipping process, to assess performance of the systems approach. Additional data were obtained from 17 Valencia orange orchards and six packinghouses. In the second part of this study, the systems approach was accordingly revised and improved, consisting of three measures: 1) preharvest controls and measurements and postpicking sampling, inspection, and packinghouse procedures; 2) postpacking sampling and inspection; and 3) shipping conditions. The model quantifying the effectiveness of the systems approach was improved by correcting errors in the original version, updating parameter values and adding a component that provides for comparison with the risk mitigation provided by a standalone disinfestation treatment. Consequently, the maximum potential proportion of fruit that may be infested with live T. leucotreta after application of the improved systems approach is no greater than the proportion of fruit that may be infested after application of a Probit 9 efficacy postharvest disinfestation treatment to fruit with a 2% pretreatment infestation. The probability of a mating pair surviving is also determined. The model enables a priori determination of the required threshold levels for any of the three measures, based on quantification of the other two measures.
Identifying reionization-epoch galaxies with extreme levels of Lyman continuum leakage in James Webb Space Telescope surveys
Authors: Giri Sambit K , Zackrisson Erik , Binggeli Christian , Pelckmans Kristiaan , Cubo Rubén 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec instrument will allow rest-frame ultraviolet/optical spectroscopy of galaxies in the epoch of reionization (EoR). Some galaxies may exhibit significant leakage of hydrogen-ionizing photons into the intergalactic medium, resulting in faint nebular emission lines. We present a machine learning framework for identifying cases of very high hydrogen-ionizing photon escape from galaxies based on the data quality expected from potential NIRSpec observations of EoR galaxies in lensed fields. We train our algorithm on mock samples of JWST/NIRSpec data for galaxies at redshifts z = 6–10. To make the samples more realistic, we combine synthetic galaxy spectra based on cosmological galaxy simulations with observational noise relevant for z ≳ 6 objects of a brightness similar to EoR galaxy candidates uncovered in Frontier Fields observations of galaxy cluster Abell-2744 and MACS-J0416. We find that ionizing escape fractions (fesc) of galaxies brighter than mAB,1500 ≈ 27 mag may be retrieved with mean absolute error Δfesc ≈ 0.09(0.12) for 24 h (1.5 h) JWST/NIRSpec exposures at resolution R = 100. For 24 h exposure time, even fainter galaxies (mAB,1500 &lt; 28.5 mag) can be processed with Δfesc ≈ 0.14. This framework simultaneously estimates the redshift of these galaxies with a relative error less than 0.03 for both 24 (mAB,1500 &lt; 28.5 mag) and 1.5 h (mAB,1500 &lt; 27 mag) exposure times. We also consider scenarios where just a minor fraction of galaxies attain high fesc and present the conditions required for detecting a subpopulation of high-fesc galaxies within the data set.
Sparse Bayesian mass mapping with uncertainties: local credible intervals
Authors: Price M A , Cai X , McEwen J D , Pereyra M , Kitching T D ,   LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Until recently, mass-mapping techniques for weak gravitational lensing convergence reconstruction have lacked a principled statistical framework upon which to quantify reconstruction uncertainties, without making strong assumptions of Gaussianity. In previous work, we presented a sparse hierarchical Bayesian formalism for convergence reconstruction that addresses this shortcoming. Here, we draw on the concept of local credible intervals (cf. Bayesian error bars) as an extension of the uncertainty quantification techniques previously detailed. These uncertainty quantification techniques are benchmarked against those recovered via Px-MALA – a state-of-the-art proximal Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. We find that, typically, our recovered uncertainties are everywhere conservative (never underestimate the uncertainty, yet the approximation error is bounded above), of similar magnitude and highly correlated with those recovered via Px-MALA. Moreover, we demonstrate an increase in computational efficiency of $\mathcal {O}(10^6)$ when using our sparse Bayesian approach over MCMC techniques. This computational saving is critical for the application of Bayesian uncertainty quantification to large-scale stage IV surveys such as LSST and Euclid.