bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
394 Exploring the relationships between cow-calf management systems as affected by protein/methionine nutrition during gestation on the performance of cow-calf pairs prior to weaning
Authors: Lawson Kaitlyn V J , Collins Madeline M , Lievre Michaela K S , Campbell Cheryl P , Edwards Anne M , Cant John P , Wood Katie M , Mandell Ira B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A three-way factorial arrangement was used to assess impacts of protein/methionine nutrition during gestation and two lactational management systems on performance of cow-calf pairs pre-weaning. 140 crossbred beef cows were managed in drylot and randomly assigned to one of six nutritional treatments during the third trimester of gestation. Cows were fed to meet 110% (HP), 100% (MP), or 90% (LP) of metabolizable protein requirements for late-gestation (NRC, 2016), with(without) rumen-protected methionine (RPM) for 8 weeks prior to parturition. Post-partum, cow-calf pairs were managed in drylot (DL) and fed ad libitum, a ration formulated to meet lactational nutrient requirements, or rotationally grazed on pasture (PAS). Cow body weights (BW) and body condition scores (BCS) and calf BW were recorded at regular intervals. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v9.4). HP cows were heaviest at calving (P = 0.02), but calf birthweight was unaffected by gestational nutrition (P &gt; 0.19). Gestational nutrition did not impact cow conception rate (CR), or calf BW and ADG (P &gt; 0.17). Lactational management system (PAS, DL) did not affect cow BCS or CR (P &gt; 0.13), but impacted cow and calf BW and ADG. PAS calves were heavier, had greater ADG, and heavier weaning BW than DL calves (P &lt; 0.02). This came at the expense of BW loss throughout lactation and lower ADG for PAS cows, versus BW gains and greater ADG for DL cows (P &lt; 0.0001). An interaction between protein level and RPM supplementation was present for cow BW at calving and weaning, and BW change throughout lactation (P &lt; 0.04), with tendencies for interactions for cow ADG and BCS (P &lt; 0.09). Overall, prepartum protein/methionine supplementation did not affect calf performance prior to weaning, but may have affected cow performance during lactation. Rotationally grazing cow-calf pairs on pasture improved pre-weaning calf gains, but reduced cow gains throughout lactation.
395 Effects of supplemental protein and yeast on fermentation of low quality forage in single-flow continuous culture fermenters
Authors: Zeltwanger Joshua M , Meyer Allison M , Bailey Eric , Scheaffer Abe , Meng Kevin , Brake Derek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Various anecdotes suggest the combination of supplemental protein and yeast improve utilization of low-quality forage. Two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of a commercially available supplement containing protein and yeast on fermentation in single-flow continuous culture fermenters. In Exp. 1, Bermuda grass with no supplement (NCON1), dried distillers grains (PCON1), and two commercially available supplements Diamond V XP (DV1) or SweetPro 16 (SP1) were compared. In Exp. 2, K31 tall fescue with no supplement (NCON2), supplemental dried distillers grains (PCON2), and two commercially available supplements Diamond V XP (DV2) or SweetPro 16 (SP2) were compared. Twenty-four single flow fermenters (1470mL) were randomly assigned to treatments and fed twice daily for 8 d, 5 d of adaptation and 3 d of collection. In both experiments, digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF were not influenced by supplementation regardless of source (P &gt; 0.10). In Exp. 1, NH3-N concentration increased (P &lt; 0.01) for DV1 over both NCON1 and PCON1 and was greatest for SP1 (P &lt; 0.01). Greater amounts of NH3-N and microbial N were recovered from fermenter overflow when SP1 was supplemented (P &lt; 0.01). Crude protein (CP) degradation was also greatest for SP1; however, when supplement was included, regardless of source, CP degradation was increased over NCON1. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA levels were similar (P &gt; 0.10) amongst NCON1, PCON1, and DV1 and greatest when SP1 was supplemented. In Exp. 2, fermenter NH3-N concentration was greatest for SP2 (P &lt; 0.01) and similar amongst NCON2, PCON2, and DV2 (P &gt; 0.01). No differences were detected (P &gt; 0.10) between treatments with respects to CP degradation. Total VFA concentrations increased over time regardless of treatment during the second study.
416 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin increase mean ruminal pH and reduce rectal temperature of beef steers during transition from forage to high-grain diets
Authors: Silva Gleise M , Podversich Federico , Santos Erick R S , Schulmeister Tessa M , Sanford Carla D , Luna Ana C G , Barreneche Gonzalo , Elejalde J Sebastian C , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on dry matter intake (DMI), mean ruminal pH (pH), and rectal temperature (RT) of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred beef steers (658 ± 79 kg of BW) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to be transitioned from a diet containing bermudagrass hay [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] ad libitum plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with 0 (CON) or 3 g of PAP (PAP) to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 80% of the diet DM for STEP1, STEP2, and STEP3, respectively). On each transition d and 7 d after STEP3 (STEP3-7d), ruminal pH and RT were measured every 3 h for 24 h and feed intake was recorded daily throughout the study using the GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system. Feed intake was not influenced by PAP on transition days (P ≥ 0.44) or during the wk each transition diet was offered (P ≥ 0.57). However, DMI linearly decreased, whereas RT increased from STEP1 to STEP3 (P &lt; 0.01). Steers receiving PAP in STEP2 had reduced RT (P = 0.05). Additionally, steers receiving PAP on STEP3 had greater ruminal pH (P = 0.03), nevertheless, pH was similar between treatments in STEP3-7d (P = 0.39). Feeding 3 g of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a 21-d step-up adaptation to high-grain diets may stabilize ruminal pH and reduce rectal temperature of beef steers. Future studies should characterize the effects of PAP on immune response to elucidate potential modes of action of these feed additives.
PSIII-42 Diet selection and trade-offs between condensed tannins and nutrients in parasitized sheep
Authors: Costes-Thiré Morgane , Laurent Pauline , Ginane Cécile , Villalba Juan J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We determined how parasitized sheep prioritize selection of crude protein, energy and a medicinal plant secondary compound (quebracho tannins-QT). Foraging preferences were tested in 40 lambs before experiencing a parasitic infection (Phase 1), during an infection (Phase 2; 10,000 L3 Haemonchus contortus per lamb) and after chemotherapy (Phase 3). Lambs were assigned to four groups (10 lambs/group) such that animals in Group 1 (Control) could choose between rations of high energy (HE) or high protein (HP) density. The other groups received the same choice, but QT were added (4%) to HE (Group 2), to HP (Group 3) or to both HE and HP (Group 4). Intake and preference indexes were analyzed as a split-plot design with lambs nested within group and day as the repeated measure. All groups increased their preference for HE when parasitized relative to Phase 1 (0.66 and 0.44 ± 0.042, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). As a result, lambs increased their intake of digestible energy during Phase 2 (0.126 ± 0.007 Mcal/kg BW) relative to Phase 1 (0.106 ± 0.007 Mcal/kg BW; P &lt; 0.05). These patterns remained during Phase 3. Only lambs receiving QT in the HE increased their intake of condensed tannins from Phase 1 to Phase 2 (P &lt; 0.05). Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood parameters revealed a parasitic infection (P &lt; 0.05) in Phase 2 that subsided in Phase 3, although no differences were detected among groups (P &gt; 0.05). The importance of protein nutrition on parasitized animals has been highlighted before, but these results suggest that parasitized lambs prioritized the ingestion of energy-dense over protein-dense foods or medicinal condensed tannins. Nevertheless, intake of tannins increased when these compounds were present in the energy-dense food, suggesting that selection of condensed tannins was influenced by the nutritional composition of the foods during testing.
PSIII-4 Infrared thermography as a method for detecting pain in dairy calves in response to disbudding on-farm
Authors: Sutherland Mhairi , Lowe Gemma , Cox Neil , Stewart Mairi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Measured using infrared thermography (IRT), changes in eye temperature, can be used to non-invasively measure pain in response to husbandry procedures such as disbudding in calves. Previous studies have manually recorded IRT in controlled studies, however, it would be of interest to determine if IRT could be used to measure changes in eye temperature in response to pain in an automated on-farm system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if IRT could be used to detect pain in dairy calves in response to disbudding on-farm. At 3 wk of age, 51 Friesian calves were allocated to 1 of 5 treatment groups: 1) sham handling (SHAM, n = 10), 2) cautery disbudding (DB, n = 11), 3) administration of local anesthetic (LA) and DB (LA+DB, n = 11), 4) administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and DB (NSAID+DB, n = 9) and 5) administration of LA, NSAID and DB (LA+NSAID+DB, n = 10). Eye temperature was measured using an IRT camera located next to an automatic calf milk feeder for 3 days before and after disbudding. During each calf’s visit to the feeder, IRT images were automatically recorded for the duration of the feeding bout. A mixed model analysis with splines was used to determine the effect of treatment on eye temperature over time. There was no overall effect of disbudding treatment on eye temperature (P = 0.22), but temperature appeared to increase in calves after disbudding or sham handling (P = 0.036). On average, calves visited the calf feeder 4 times/day, which may have been too infrequent to collect sufficient IRT images to detect a difference in eye temperature in response to disbudding. However, the increase in eye temperature after disbudding and handling may reflect a general stress response. Therefore, the automated use of IRT to measure eye temperature may be a useful non-invasive method to measure stress in calves.
PSVI-24 Evolution and risk factors of pulmonary lesions evaluated with thoracic ultrasonography in pre-weaned beef calves at arrival at the rearing facilities
Authors: Tejero Carolina , Devant Maria , Pujols Joan , Marti Sonia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the main health problems in in pre-weaning calves at rearing farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of pulmonary lesions using a thoracic ultrasonography and its association with predictable risk factors. Thoracic ultrasonography was performed in 811 calves (45–56 kg of BW and 3–4 wk of age) on 5 different rearing facilities at arrival and from d 12 to d 27 after arrival. Thoracic ultrasonography score was classified based on Adams and Buczinski (2016). Weight (light vs heavy), breed (dairy vs crossbred), source (national vs international), season, and number of calves arriving at the facility were recorded and used to evaluate risk factors. Data were analyzed using mixed effects models. At arrival 31% of the calvespresented pulmonary lesions, 21% were mild and 10% severe. After 12–27 d the number of calves without lesion decreased (P &lt; 0.001; 70.3 ± 3.93% vs 34.0 ± 3.93%), number of severe lesions increased (P &lt; 0.001; 8.9% ± 4.78% vs 40.1% ± 4.78%), however mild lesions were constant over time. Percentage of severe pulmonary lesions were greater (P &lt; 0.001) when calves arrived in fall than spring, summer and winter; when calf source (P &lt; 0.001) was international than national; and when their breeds (P &lt; 0.001) were crossbred than dairy. A tendency (P = 0.09) was observed with the increase of severe pulmonary lesions with an increase of animals received by batch. At arrival, calves already had pulmonary lesions that increased in severity over time, therefore current health protocols do not mitigate BRD and more attention should be taken on risk factors such as breed, transport type and season.
PSII-30 The genetics of functional teats in swine
Authors: Earnhardt Audrey L , Knauer Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetics of functional teats in swine. Piglet survival is of great importance for swine producers throughout the world due to its relationship with animal well-being and farm profitability. Availability and accessibility of functional teats on a sow during lactation is essential for enhancing piglet livability. Teat traits including total teat number (TT), functional teat number (FT), and non-functional teat number (NFT), were observed and recorded on 3,249 Landrace × Large White F1 sows. Damaged teat number (DT) and functional mammary gland number (FG) were also observed on sows prior to weaning. Variance components were estimated using AIREMLF90, with parity and farm as fixed effects. Means for TT, FT and NFT at farrowing were 14.94, 13.91 and 1.03, respectively, and 14.43, 13.02 and 1.15, respectively at weaning. Means for TT and FT were greater (P &lt; 0.01) at farrowing than at weaning. Heritability estimates for TT, FT and NFT ranged between 0.19 and 0.30, 0.17 and 0.24, and 0.12 and 0.16, respectively. Total teat number and functional teat number had positive genetic correlation estimates ranging from 0.74 to 0.77. Functional mammary glands had a negative linear relationship of -1.16 with DT, and genetic correlations of 0.87 and -0.83 with FT and NFT, respectively. Linear regression models relating TT and FT to number of piglets weaned revealed that an increase of one functional teat at farrowing increased number weaned by 0.26. Overall, there was sufficient genetic variation for total teat number and functional teat number signifying that genetic gains from selecting for these traits is possible. Results also suggest that by focusing selection on functional teat number, an increase in non-functional teat number can be avoided. Therefore, utilizing functional teat number in the breeding goal should improve the general teat quality and sow performance.
PSII-14 Influence of recent postpartum weight variation on milk production, cow and calf performance and reproductive efficiency of beef cows in Southern Brazil
Authors: Demarco Claudia Faccio , Pimentel Marcelo Alves , Brauner Cássio Cassal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the weight changes between calving to peak lactation of range beef cows on the cow and calf performance, milk production and pregnancy rate. Data were collected from 142 primiparous and multiparous beef cows, over a 5-year period. Cows and calves were raised in an extensive range system in Southern Brazil. Cows were divided into two groups according to calving performance and peak lactation. Cows that lost weight (L group, n = 59) and cows that gain weight (G group, n = 83). Milk yield evaluation (weigh-suckle-weigh technique), cow and calf performance were estimated from calving to 189 postpartum days, every 21 days. Cows were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and after that, breed by natural service for 45 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA - GLM) was performed considering effects of the two groups, and pregnancy rates were compared using chi-square analysis. Calves from L cows had greater (P = 0.03) ADG between 21 and 42 days postpartum. However, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in weaning weight. Total milk production was greater (P = 0.01) in L cows. The cows from group G showed a tendency (P = 0.08) to increase pregnancy rate by 15% compared to L cows. In conclusion, cows that gain weight between calving to peak lactation have lower total milk production without any influence in calf performance, and appear to have an increase in pregnancy rate.
PSVIII-40 Effect of prenatal transportation stress on DNA methylation in Brahman heifers
Authors: Baker Emilie C , Cilkiz Kubra Z , Riggs Penny K , Randel Ronald D , Riley David G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Prenatal stress in beef cattle has the potential to result in unexpected, long term phenotypic changes to an animal’s performance. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is stress induced epigenetic changes to the genome (e.g., methylation or histone modifications). The objective of this experiment was to identify differential DNA methylation patterns in prenatally stressed (PNS) Brahman females. Multiparous Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for a 2hr periods on 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation. A non-transported group (n = 48) was maintained as a control. DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of their 28-d old heifer calves (Control n = 8, PNS n = 6) and methylation was assessed using reduced representation sodium bisulfite sequencing. Mean methylation ratios at locations across the genome in PNS and Control females were compared using a student’s t-test. Analysis revealed 16,377 CpG sites, 311 CHG, and 612 CHH (C= cytosine; G= guanine; H = adenine, cytosine or thymine) sites that were differentially methylated in PNS females compared to the Control females (P ≤ 0.05). The top 2,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were classified by functional location in introns, exons, CpG islands, promoters, and 5’UTR regions. Methylation differences in these regions are known to cause gene expression differences. The identified regions were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) in order to identify involvement in canonical pathways. Certain regions identified from the hypermethylated DMRs showed the strongest overlap (P = 1.93E-6) with the complex pathway of axonal guidance signaling (important for neural development). These results suggest that prenatal transportation stress does alter the epigenome of Brahman heifers and can influence biological pathways, potentially impacting animal performance.
PSVII-10 Effect of Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or in combination on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-crop corn silage
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Wang Yuxi , Xu Shanwei , Smiley Brenda , Yang Hee Eun , McAllister Tim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or in combination as inoculants on the ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage. Chopped and kernel processed whole-crop corn was treated with either distilled water (CON), or with (cfu g1 fresh forage) 1.1 × 105 of a Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB) mixture (INOC1), 1.0 × 104 S. cerevisiae strain 3 (INOC2), or 1.1 × 105 LAB + 1.0 × 104 S. cerevisiae strain 3 (INOC3) and ensiled in mini-silos. Minisilos were opened at 7, 30, 60 and 90 d of ensiling and a subsample of d 90 silage was used to assess stability after 3, 7, 14 and 21 d of aerobic exposure. Silages were analyzed for chemical and fermentation traits and enumerated for LAB, total bacteria, yeast and mold. Data were analyzed as repeated measures with treatment (T), days of ensiling or aerobic exposure (D) and T × D as main effects, and individual minisilos (n = 3) or insulated containers (n = 3) served as the experimental unit for ensiling and aerobic stability parameters, respectively. Silage in INOC2 had lower pH (P &lt; 0.01), higher lactate (P = 0.03), lower acetate (P &lt; 0.01) and lower LAB counts (P = 0.05) than INOC1 at d 90. Yeast in INOC2 tended to be higher (P = 0.08) than INOC3 on d 3 of aerobic exposure. Aerobic stability of INOC3 was greater (P = 0.01) than CON and INOC2. A combination of LAB and S. cerevisiae strain 3 did not impact fermentation, but enhanced the aerobic stability of corn silage. This raises the possibility of delivering S. cerevisiae strain 3 as direct fed microbial to ruminants in corn silage.
PSXIV-4 Fetal programming effect of rumen-protected methionine on Angus-Simental heifer offspring’s performance and adipogenesis, oxidative stress and DNA methylation gene expression regulation
Authors: Moisá Sonia J , Alfaro Gaston F , Walz Paul H , Rodning Soren P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An extensive body of literature reported positive effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine (RPM) on dairy cattle; however, its effects are unknown on beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of RPM supplementation on Angus-Simmental heifer’s offspring during late gestation, lactation, and after weaning (~65d). Ninety days prior to calving, 22 Angus-Simmental heifers were stratified by body weight (454 ± 85 kg; BW) and randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 1) Control diet (CTRL), and 2) Control diet + RPM (RPM). Dams had access to Bermuda hay ad libitum, and a soy hull:corn gluten based supplement. After weaning, calves were allocated by dietary treatments based on their dam’s treatment. Calves received Bermuda hay ad libitum and early-wean feed supplement after weaning. Offspring’s BW and Longissimus dorsi (LM) muscle samples were obtained on days 0, 25, 50, 100 after weaning. Messenger RNA was extracted from LM for RT-qPCR analysis. There was a tendency for RPM calves to be heavier at birth compared to control calves (P = 0.07). Although, no differences in BW were detected at weaning and after weaning (P = 0.20). Calves average daily gain between birth and weaning was greater for RPM calves as compared to CON (P = 0.02) suggesting a greater milk production, with no differences after weaning (P = 0.53). RT-qPCR results showed a treatment × time interaction for PPARG, LPL, CEBPG, DNMT1, SOD2 and NOS3 (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, PPARG had a treatment and a time effect, which was upregulated in RPM calves (P &lt; 0.01) from 50 to 100 days after weaning. In conclusion, dam’s RPM supplementation during late gestation increased offspring’s BW when inside the womb and probably their milk production. Offspring’s RPM supplementation after weaning potentially stimulates an early differentiation of adipocytes in LM samples, detected by PPARG upregulation.