bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Critical Displacement for Drill-Conductor Injection during Deepwater Drilling
Authors: Kan Changbin , Gao Deli , Yang Jin 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Drill-conductor-jetting technology is a high-efficiency, good-adaptability, and low-cost technology that has been widely applied in deepwater drilling. However, a reaming effect will be produced easily because of jet breaking and bit rotation during the jetting process, and the critical displacement would be notably affected. Also, it will experience a relatively short soaking time after installation because of the requirements of drilling timeliness, which is an important factor on the bearing safety of a conductor. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the influencing factors of construction conditions and establish a model for evaluating the value of critical displacement. In this study, field experiments on critical displacement for simulating the deepwater-drilling conditions were conducted. By analyzing the drilling hydraulic factors, the effects of soil-stress-recovery time, and the injection rate of pipe, the influence laws of different factors were obtained. The results suggest that the critical displacement increases linearly as the circulation rate of the drilling fluid increases, decreases exponentially with the increase of soil-stress-recovery time, and decreases linearly with the increase of injection rate. One model for estimating the critical displacement using experimental data and the least-squares method was proposed. The predictions showed good agreement with experimental data within suitable ranges of models. This work is expected to provide the basis for predicting conductor stability and wellhead-bearing settlement.
Screening and Identification of LncRNAs Related to Villus Growth of Liaoning Cashmere Goats and Their Effects on Growth after FGF5 Treatment
Authors: Jin Mei , Zhao Qin Feng , Ni Ping , Piao Jun , Piao Ai Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
(Background) Liaoning Cashmere Goat cashmere has high economic value FGF5 is an important factor regulating its growth. The role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in the mammalian villus growth cycle has still not been studied in detail.(Results) We demonstrated that treatment of skin cells with FGF5 inhibited the expression of LncRNA in cells, down-regulated the expression of the target genes CBS and CTH, and promoted the expression of related keratin genes k26, kap11.1. Overexpressing LncRNA reversed the inhibiting effect of FGF5 on the target genes CBS and CTH. (Conclusions) we believe that FGF5 can regulate the growth and development of Cashmere Goat hair by promoting the expression of related keratin and keratin-associated protein genes. This mechanism is achieved by inhibiting the expression of the LncRNA gene and then down-regulating the expression of the target genes CBS and CTH.
Geographic Availability To Optometry Services Across Canada: Mapping Distribution, Need And Self-Reported Use
Authors: Shah Tayyab , Milosavljevic Stephan , Bath Brenna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This research investigates the distribution of optometrists in Canada relative to population health needs and self-reported use of vision services.Methods: Optometrist locations were gathered from provincial regulatory bodies. Optometrist-to-population ratios (i.e. the number of providers per 10,000 people at the health region level) were then calculated. Utilization of vision care services was extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2013-2014 question regarding self-reported contacts with optometrists or ophthalmologists. Data from the 2016 Statistics Canada census were used to create three population ‘need’ subgroups (65 years and over; low-income; and people aged 15 and over with less than a high school diploma). Cross-classification mapping compared optometrist distribution to self-reported use of vision care services in relation to need. Each variable was converted into three classes (i.e., low, moderate, and high) using a standard deviation (SD) classification scheme where ± 0.5SD from the mean was considered as a cut-off. Three classes: low (< -0.5SD), moderate (-0.5 to 0.5SD), and high ( > 0.5SD) were used for demonstrating distribution of each variable across health regions. Results: A total of 5,959 optometrists across ten Canadian provinces were included in this analysis. The nationwide distribution of optometrists is variable across Canada; they are predominantly concentrated in urban areas. The national mean ratio of optometrists was 1.70 optometrists per 10,000 people (range = 0.13 to 2.92). Out of 109 health regions (HRs), 26 were classified as low ratios, 51 HRs were classified as moderate ratios, and 32 HRs were high ratios. Thirty-five HRs were classified as low utilization, 39 HRs were classified as moderate, and 32 HRs as high utilization. HRs with a low optometrist ratio relative to eye care utilization and a high proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, low income) are located throughout Canada and identified with maps indicating areas of likely greater need for optometry services.Conclusion: This research provides a nationwide overview of vision care provided by optometrists identifying gaps in geographic availability relative to “supply” and “need” factors. This examination of variation in accessibility to optometric services will be useful to inform workforce planning and policies.
Medical termination for pregnancy in early first trimester (≤ 63 days) using combination of mifepristone and misoprostol or misoprostol alone: a systematic review
Authors: Abubeker Ferid Abbas , Lavelanet Antonella , Rodriguez Maria I. , Kim Caron 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: A wide range of drugs have been studied for first trimester medical abortion. Studies evaluating different regimens, including combination mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol alone regimens, show varying results related to safety, efficacy and other outcomes.Objectives: To compare the safety, effectiveness and acceptability of medical abortion and to compare medical methods with surgical methods of abortion ≤ 63 days of gestation. Methods: Pubmed and EMBASE were systematically searched from database inception through January 2019 using a combination of MeSH, keywords and text words. Randomized controlled trials on induced abortion at ≤ 63 days that compared different regimens of medical abortion using mifepristone and/or misoprostol and trials that compared medical with surgical methods of abortion were included. We extracted data into a pre‐designed form, calculated effect estimates, and performed meta‐analyses where possible. The primary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy and successful abortion. Results: Thirty-three studies composed of 22,275 participants were included in this review. Combined regimens using mifepristone and misoprostol had lower rates of ongoing pregnancy and higher rates of successful abortion compared to misoprostol only regimens. In combined regimens, misoprostol 800 μg was more effective than 400 μg. There was no significant difference in dosing intervals between mifepristone and misoprostol and routes of misoprostol administration in combination or misoprostol alone regimens. The rate of serious adverse events was generally low. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we find that medical methods of abortion utilizing combination mifepristone and misoprostol or misoprostol alone are effective, safe and acceptable. More robust studies evaluating both the different combination and misoprostol alone regimens are needed to strengthen existing evidence as well as assess patient perspectives towards a particular regimen.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Amorphophallus albus, a plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) endemic to dry-hot valley of Jinsha River
Authors: Tang Rong , Liu Erxi , Zhang Yazhou , Schinnerl Johann , Sun Weibang , Chen Gao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen (Araceae) is a plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) and an important economic crop endemic to dry-hot valleys along the Jinsha River. In order to gain information for sustaining the development and conservation of A. albus, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of this species using microsatellite markers (SSR). In this study, we analysed 364 individuals belonging to 24 populations, including four wild populations and three ex-situ cultivated populations, collected in the provinces Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei. Results: The population genetic analyses indicated that A. albus possesses moderate genetic diversity with the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) from 69.23% to 100%, an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.504 and an average Shannon's Information Index (I) 0.912. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the variance (71%) resided within populations and the estimated gene flow (Nm) was 0.61. The results of UPGMA cluster tree, STRUCTURE analyses together with the Mantel test (R2 = 0.352, P < 0.01) indicated that geographically closely located populations are clustered together with some exceptions. Conclusions: Our results showed that A. albus still possesses moderate genetic variation in most of the studied populations, and for now, most cultivated populations were naturally distributed but still some reintroduction exists. For sustaining the present genetic variation, some protections measures are necessary for the wild populations and also for the cultivated ones with high genetic diversity.
Effectiveness of a health education intervention on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets for the prevention of malaria in pregnant women of Pakistan: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Farzeen Midhat , Hafeez Assad , Achakzai Baseer Khan , Vankwani Muskan , Lal Manohar , Iqbal Rabia , Somrongthong Ratana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background About one quarter of pregnant women in the population of Pakistan are using long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) for prevention of malaria. Past research reported that adequate information and education would act as mediator to change behaviour among patients for prevention of malaria infection. The effective use of LLINs would contribute to reduction of disease burden caused by malaria. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of health education on the adoption of LLINs among pregnant women living in Tharparkar, a remote district in Sindh Province, Pakistan.Methods A quasi-experimental study design with control and intervention groups was conducted with 200 pregnant women (100 in each group). Women in the intervention group were provided with health education sessions on malaria for 12 weeks, while those in the control group obtained routine information from lady health workers (LHWs). Pre- and post-intervention assessment was done of knowledge about malaria and use of LLIN, which was statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and difference in difference (DID) multivariable regression analysis to test effectiveness of the intervention.Results Baseline was conducted with 200 pregnant women. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups with slight differences in age, education, income, type of latrine, and source of drinking water. There were no significant differences between mean knowledge and use of LLINs scores between groups at baseline. However, the estimated DID value after the intervention was 4.170 (p <0.01) and represents an increase in scores of knowledge in the intervention group compared to control. Similarly DID value of 3.360 (p <0.05) showed an increase in use of LLINs score after the intervention which was significant, showing that the intervention had a positive effect.Conclusions Results proved that health education could be an effective intervention for improving knowledge and usage of LLINs among pregnant women for the prevention of malaria. Such educational interventions have a positive potential to be implemented at larger scale by incorporating them into routine health sessions provided by health workers.
Irradiation pretreatment enhances the therapeutic efficacy of platelet-membrane-camouflaged antitumor nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yin , Shen Xue , Han Songling , Wang Tao , Zhao Jianqi , He Yongwu , Chen Shilei , Deng Shengqi , Wang Cheng , Wang Junping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Cell membrane-based nanocarriers are promising candidates for delivering antitumor agents. The employment of a simple and feasible method to improve the tumor-targeting abilities of these systems is appealing for further application. Herein, we prepared a platelet membrane (PM)-camouflaged antitumor nanoparticle. The effects of irradiation pretreatment on tumor targeting of the nanomaterial and on its antitumor action were evaluated. Results: The biomimetic nanomaterial constructed by indocyanine green, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), and PM is termed PINPs@PM. A 4-Gy X-ray irradiation increased the proportions of G2/M phase and Caveolin-1 content in 4T1 breast cancer cells, contributing to an endocytic enhancement of PINPs@PM. PINPs@PM produced hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species upon excitation by near-infrared irradiation, which were detrimental to the cytoplasmic lysosome and resulted in cell death. Irradiation pretreatment thus strengthened the antitumor activity of PINPs@PM in vitro. Mice experiments revealed that irradiation enhanced the tumor targeting capability of PINPs@PM in vivo. When the same dose of PINPs@PM was intravenously administered, irradiated mice had a better outcome than did mice without X-ray pretreatment. Conclusion: The study demonstrates an effective strategy combining irradiation pretreatment and PM camouflage to deliver antitumor nanoparticles, which may be instrumental for targeted tumor therapy.
Predictors of hookah smoking frequency among women in the south of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Heyrani Ali , aghamolaei teamur , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Shahsavari Saeideh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of hookah smoking (HS) has grown over the past decades in Iran especially in the south of the country. This study aimed to determine the behavioral and socio-demographic predictors of the HS frequency among women in southern Iran. Method: This research was conducted on 400 female hookah smokers selected through multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected from October 2018 to September 2019 using a questionnaire guided by literature. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was run to determine the influential behavioral and socio-demographic predictors involved in the frequency of HS. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 in the final fitting model were regarded to be associated with the outcome variable (frequency of HS per day).Results: Women' age ranged between 15 and 85 years (mean=35±13 years). We found that the lowest age of beginning to smoke hookahs (SHs) (p<.001) of less than 15 years, 15-30 years (p=.003), longer duration of HS (p<.001), family usage of HS (p<.001), beginning to SHs with peers (p<.001), absence of either parent in family (single-parent families) (p<.001) and a lack of prior intention to cease smoking (p=. p<.001) predicted the frequency of HS. Also 35-50 age group (p=.01) and those above 50 years (p=.02), ever-married group (p=.002) and low socio-economic status (SES) (p<.001) predicted the frequency of HS.Conclusion: To prevent the behavior and make effective interventions to reduce HS, policy-makers should stay focused on factors other than internal motivations. Encouraging the social unacceptance of hookahs, focus on those surrounding women smokers, quitting the habit of HS and effective interventions to decrease one's intention to SHs can help to reduce such unhealthy behaviors.
Comparison of the effect of rapeseed oil or amaranth seed oil supplementation on weight loss, body composition, and changes in the metabolic profile of obese patients following 3-week body mass reduction program: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moszak Małgorzata , Zawada Agnieszka , Juchacz Aldona , Grzymisławski Marian , Bogdański Paweł 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Amaranth seed oil (ASO) and rapeseed oil (RSO) are functional foods that display antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. These oils are also known to lower glucose and cholesterol levels. The current study compared the effects exerted by RSO and ASO on weight loss and metabolic parameters during a 3-week body mass reduction program. Methods: Eighty-one obese subjects (BMI > 30 kg/m2), aged 25-70 years, were enrolled in a 3-week body mass reduction program based on a calorie-restricted diet and physical activity. Participants were randomly categorized into an AO group (administered 20 mL/d of ASO), a RO group (administered 20 mL/d of RSO), and a C group (control; untreated). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and endpoint. Results: Significant decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral fat mass (VFM), and total body water (TBW%) were observed in all groups (P < 0.05). No significant improvements were observed in the clinical parameters of group C. Fasting insulin (Δ -5.9, and Δ -5.7) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Δ -1.1 and Δ -0.5) were decreased in both RO and AO groups, respectively. Fasting glucose (Δ -8.5; P = 0.034), total cholesterol (Δ -14.6; P = 0.032), non-HDL cholesterol (Δ 15.9; P = 0.010), TG/HDL ratio (Δ -0.6; P = 0.032), LDL cholesterol (Δ -12.3; P = 0.042), and triglycerides (Δ -6.5; P = 0.000) were significantly improved in the AO group, compared to the RO group. Conclusions: The 3-week body mass reduction intervention caused a significant reduction in the weight, BMI, WC, HC, FM, and VFM of all groups. Except for HOMA-IR, there were no statistical differences between the clinical parameters of all groups. However, a trend toward improved insulin levels and HDL% was noticeable in AO and RO. Therapies involving edible oils with high nutritional value, such as RSO and ASO, show potential for improving metabolic measurements during body mass reduction programs. Thus, obese patients undertaking weight reduction programs may benefit from RSO and ASO supplementation.
Secular trend in dietary patterns of Iranian adults from 2006 to 2017: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Aghayan Maryam , Asghari Golaleh , Yuzbashian Emad , Mahdavi Maryam , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

by focusing on nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017.

Methods

We investigated on four examination surveys of TLGS including survey 1 (2006-2008), survey 2 (2009-2011), survey 3 (2012-2014), and survey 4 (2015-2017). The dietary intakes was gathered by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each survey, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value<0.001); however total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed notable less refined grain, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugar. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intake had no significant changes during a decade (all P-values<0.001). Three dietary patterns were extracted buy using PCA including: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intake of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam, Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in survey 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among study population during the last decade.

Conclusions

The structure and the type of foods that population have chosen to eat had changed since 2006. And a new secular trend in dietary patterns including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was presented in our investigation.
Association of MUC1 5640G&gt;A and PSCA 5057C&gt;T polymorphisms with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in Northern Iran
Authors: Alikhani Reza , Taravati Ali , Hashemi-Soteh Mohammad Bagher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic diversities MUC1 (Mucin 1) and PSCA (Prostate Stem Cell Antigen) genes are involved in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association between rs4072037G>A polymorphism in MUC1 and rs2294008 C>T in PSCA gene with gastric cancer in northern Iran. Methods: DNA was extracted from 99 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of gastric cancer and 96 blood samples from healthy individuals (sex matched) as controls. DNA was extracted followed by PCR using specific primers. Two desired polymorphisms, 5640G>A and 5057C>T for MUC1 and PSCA genes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method.Results: The G allele at rs4072037 of MUC1 gene was associated with a significant decreased gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.507, 95% CI: 0.322–0.799, p = 0.003). A significant decreased risk of gastric cancer was observed in people with either AG vs. AA, AG+AA vs. GG and AA+GG vs. AG genotypes of MUC1 polymorphism (OR = 4.296, 95% CI: 1.190–15.517, p = 0.026), (OR = 3.726, 95% CI: 2.033–6.830, p = 0.0001) and (OR = 0.223, 95% CI: 0.120-0.413, p = 0.0001) respectively. Overall, no significant association was observed between the PSCA 5057C>T polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer in all genetic models. Conclusion: Results indicated that the MUC1 5640G>A polymorphism may have protective effect for gastric cancer and could be considered a potential molecular marker in gastric cancer in the Northern Iran population.