bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey and evaluation of Chinese cherry germplasms in Luding County, Sichuan Province
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Hong-wei , Chen Tao , Zhang Jing , Chen Qing , Yang Shao-feng , Wang Xiao-rong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl). G. Don] is a commercially valuable fruit crop in China. Although Chinese cherry has a long cultivation history in Luding County, the cultivation status and utilization still remain at the early stage. In this study, we investigated the cultivation status and evaluated the economic traits of Chinese cherry germplasms distributed in 39 villages of 12 towns in Luding County. Chinese cherry is widely situated in variable habitats with various topographies and landforms for its great adaptability. All the County plants Chinese cherry for more than 160000 trees with the yield over 6000 t per year. Lengqi, Luqiao, Pengba, Tianba and Wuni towns have relatively higher field yields and higher income than other towns. A large number of Chinese cherry genetic resources are in danger because of the road development, environment destroying and replacement by sweet cherry. The phenological period lasts for nearly 3 to 4 months from infancy to red mature fruits for Luding cherry. The fruit size ranges from 12.14 mm / 14.73 mm to 17.51 mm / 19.11 mm (longitudinal / transverse diameter) with the fruit shape index from 0.80 to 0.92, revealing nearly spherical shape. The weight per fruit ranges from 1.91 to 3.61 g, corresponding to the germplasms of Nanmenguan Yanzigou and Machang Pengba. The total soluble solid content is over 14% among 12 Luding Chinese cherry resources with the maximum value of 18.8%. Vitamin C and total sugar content ranges from 4.03 to 8.75 mg·100mL−1, and from 7.82 to 13.82 g·100mL−1, respectively. By comprehensive evaluation, Chinese cherry germplasms from Wuni and Machang villages show the most excellent economic traits, which can be further developed and utilized in the future. The transverse diameter, weight per fruit, and total acid content reveal significant positive correlation with altitude, while fruit shape index and sugar accumulation is negatively correlated to altitude. In addition, Luding Chinese cherry reveal some advantages compared with other areas in Sichuan Basin so that effective measures should be taken to preserve these valuable resources and utilize them for cherry breeding program in the future.
Effects of different drying methods on volatile composition of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil
Authors: Wei Changbin , Ma Zhiling , Qiao Jian , Lin Jingxin , Li Guopeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The quality of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil is affected by various drying methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drying methods on the composition of the essential oil. Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil samples subjected to different drying methods were extracted using the methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 26 volatile compounds, comprising 8 moneterpenes, 6 sesquiterpenes, 4 moneterpenes derivatives, 5 sesquiterpene derivatives, and 3 other derivatives, were identified. We found that the drying methods affected not only the composition of volatile compounds but also the content of different volatiles. The sun-dried essential oil showed the highest amount of volatile compounds, 1895.85 ng/g. Moneterpene derivatives were a major component in M. alternifolia essential oil, especially terpinen-4-ol and 1, 8-cineole.
Process optimization for enzymatic assisted extraction of anthocyanins from the mulberry wine residue
Authors: Li Yashan , Tao Fang , Wang Yanjun , Cui Kexu , Cao Jianhong , Cui Changwei , Nan Lijun , Li Yang , Yang Junmei , Wang Zhenji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the utilization value of the by-product of mulberry, the remaining residue of mulberry wine was used as raw materials to extract anthocyanins from the residue of mulberry wine by enzymatic method, and the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process. Firstly, the single factor experiment was carried out by controlling four factors: liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and pH value. Then, Box-Behnken was used to design a three-factor, three-level experiment. Finally, the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of pectinase was the liquid-solid ratio of 1:20, the extraction time was 58 min, the pH was 5.90 and the extraction temperature was 45 °C, and the extraction effect was the best. The highest anthocyanin content in the extract was 6.040 mg/g.
Study on optimization of extraction process and resistance to oxidation of Polypeptide from sea cucumber waste liquid
Authors: Wang Shou-Quan , Liu Fa-Xin , Wu Jing , Yin Feng-Jiao , Shi Yong-Chun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The protease hydrolysis technology is used to extract the polypeptides from the sea cucumber waste liquid. The enzymatic hydrolysis ability of protein in sea cucumber waste liquid by seven proteases shows that the best protease is compound protease by taking the hydrolysis degree as the index. Furthermore, the effects of enzyme dosage, pH, temperature and time of enzymatic hydrolysis on the hydrolysis degree are studied, and Box-Benhnken central composite test and response surface analysis method are used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions.. The results show that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are: enzyme dosage: 647 U/g; pH: 6.48; temperature: 52.5°C; enzymatic hydrolysis time: 3.44h; protein hydrolysis degree under the best condition: 25.9%. The polypeptides extracted from the sea cucumber waste liquid have high antioxidant activity, and the DPPH· scavenging activity increases with the polypeptide concentration.
Green tea catechin: does it lower blood cholesterol?
Authors: Chen Yuwei , She Yongbo , Shi Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Wang Ruihua , Men Ke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, especially in Asian societies. Green, oolong and black tea are three main types of tea products. Catechin is the principal polyphenol compound in all tea products including four major subgroup compounds, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatehin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG). Green tea contains highest amount of catechin compared to oolong and black tea since fermentation process can significantly reduce the amount of catechin in tea product, which polyphenol oxidase can convert catechins to theaflavins and thearubigins during fermentation process. Therefore, green tea catechin is becoming more and more attractive to nutritionists since it can provide several health benefits to human body. Cholesterol lowering effect is one of the health benefits been studied and proposed over decade. There are well documented evidences that suggested green tea catechin, in particular EGCG has the potential to lower blood cholesterol concentrations. Since the pool bioavailability and absorption ability of catechin, researchers believed that green tea catechin may significantly inhibit lipids absorption in intestine. Mechanisms are including inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity, lipids hydrolysis, and emulsification in intestine and precipitation of micellar cholesterol. In vitro studies, animal studies as well as most of human RCT, consistent results been observed that dietary intake of green tea beverages or extracts could significantly lower circulating cholesterol concentration, in particular lower LDL-C and total cholesterol level. However, in 2010, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) denied the health claim of cholesterol lowering benefits of dietary intake of green tea or green tea catechins. In this presentation, current scientific evidences and EFSA judgment will be reviewed and discussed.
Risk of multiple primary tumors in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Zheng Zhongbin , Fang Jinwu , Wang Daoyang , Chen Junyan , Qian Xiwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with subsequent multiple primary tumors in female breast cancer survivors by using analytical method for recurrent data. A total of 389, 344 patients with primary breast cancer were enrolled from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. The outcome of this study was the diagnosis of multiple primary tumors. SEER rules were used to define the multiple primary tumors. The comparison between the data of each group was performed by χ2 test. Risk factors of multiple primary tumors were examined by marginal means and rates model. A total of 42020 (10.79%) patients developed multiple primary cancers, of which the majority of patients (38, 767, 92.3%) with second primary tumor. There were 3013 cases and 240 cases of third primary tumor and fourth primary tumor, respectively. Older age, black race, large tumor size (> 2 cm), negative HR, mixed initial tumor histology, poor differentiated or differentiated cancer cells, and lumpectomy were associated with higher risk of subsequent multiple primary tumors. More active clinical monitoring and follow-up should be performed on breast cancer survivors who are at higher risk of multiple primary tumors, thereby improving their prognosis and life quality.
The relationship between the vibration energy of cutting and the wear resistance of the cutting wedge
Authors: Lapshin V P , Khristoforova V V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work is an attempt to assess the impact of tool vibrations during cutting on the stability of the cutting wedge. In this paper, a numerical experiment is conducted to model the wear process of a cutting wedge based on the use of the Volterra operator of the second kind. The article presents the results of modeling the Volterra operator for various variants of vibration cutting processes that differ from each other in the amount of energy of the observed vibration signal. The results of experiments showed that the stability of the cutting wedge decreases with increasing vibration energy of the tool. This is due to the fact that when the vibration dynamics of cutting increases, the actual path traversed by the tool during processing increases, which increases the total work performed when processing a given part.
Method for diagnosing the state of bearings of spindle units by the energy of the vibration signal
Authors: Lapshin V P , Turkin I A , Koba Ya D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The work considers improved approach to assessing the serviceability of bearing assemblies of spindle groups of metal-cutting machines. As a basic malfunction, we looking a variant of the defect of the outer ring of the rolling bearing separator. For this task the calculated values of the vibration frequencies were obtained, and a full-scale experiment was conducted with the evaluation of the vibration signal on a large spectrum of frequencies. The results of the experiment showed that it is possible to assess the degree of bearing damage both from the spectrum of signal amplitudes and from the rms value of the vibration signal (RMS). However, studies have shown that the most beneficial, from the point of view of diagnostics, is to consider RMS not for the entire vibration signal, but only in the frequency range corresponding to the diagnosed bearing malfunction.
Selective suppression of amplitudes of frictional oscillations
Authors: Kolesnikov V I , Shapovalov V V , Ozyabkin A L , Shestakov M M , Kornienko R A , Pertseva T D , Petrik A M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Maintenance of sanitary codes and standards during operation of railway sorting sta-tions, in particular, standards which concern noise levels, is now the most pressing task. The analysis of noise has been carried out during operation of brake beams of car hump retarders with car wheelsets; the most problem frequency ranges have been revealed. On the basis of mod-elling bench tests with application of techniques of physical and mathematical modelling and tribospectral identification of friction processes we carried out selection of noise-suppressing cladding material which would reduce the level of acoustic noise at interaction of metal surfaces. Results of operational trials have confirmed efficiency of the chosen material in noise reduction.
Improving the efficiency of the path - rolling stock system based on the implementation of anisotropic frictional bonds
Authors: Shapovalov V V , Kolesnikov V I , Kharlamov P V , Kornienko R A , Petrik A M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Unlike the materials widely represented in domestic and foreign scientific, technical and reference literature, the article theoretically substantiates the need to take into account in laboratory and bench tests of mechanical systems with friction units the presence and interconnection of dynamic processes occurring in a frictional contact and in a mechanical quasilinear subsystem; ensure identical: parameters of macro- and micro-roughness of contacting surfaces, frequencies and forms of natural vibrations, physical and mechanical properties of tribocontacts, as well as dynamic (integral) characteristics of a natural object and its physical model. The article presents the methods of physical and mathematical modeling and tribospectral identification of friction processes. The features of these methods and an example of dynamic monitoring of a mobile mechanical system using the example of a friction system: “way - rolling stock” are consideredThe first section in your paper.
Design and technological support for manufacturing a PAA emitter based on a 3D-model using SolidWorks CAD
Authors: Lebedev V A , Kukareko A S , Kukareko V A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article presents a methodology for manufacturing the S-band phased antenna array (PAA) emitter based on a calculated 3D-model, which provides the necessary design and technological requirements. As a method of manufacturing the emitter, the technology of milling processing on a CNC machine was chosen. Verification of milling processes based on the SolidWorks CAM software package was performed.
Alternative dynamic torsion test to evaluate the elastic modulus of polymers
Authors: Piedade Lucas Pereira , Pintão Carlos Alberto Fonzar , Foschini Cesar Renato , Silva Marcos Ribeiro da , Azevedo Neto Nilton Francelosi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work presents an alternative for the determination of the torsion modulus, G, of polymers. These materials may be subjected to shear stresses in some structural applications; thereby, the knowledge of G is of great interest. For this purpose, a mechanical system featuring a simplified torsion pendulum version and a rotational motion sensor (RMS) coupled to it was used to establish an angular position as a function of time. The applied technique is considered non-destructive and makes it possible to obtain G without the Poisson’s ratio through an equation derived from mechanical spectroscopy and material strength. The main goal is to present and validate the employment of this method for polymers. Therefore, circular cross-sectional samples of extruded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were subjected to torsional stresses, in which a physical and quantitative explanation is given for the frequency and G curves as a function of the prefixed rotational inertia (I), length (L), and diameter (d). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were also made to ensure the reliability of data. It is possible to establish an L/d ratio, which explains why G converges to a single value when the sample dimensions are different from each other. It was found that G is approximately 350 MPa for an L/d ratio equivalent to 10.64. Such a value is within limits found in the literature, opening the possibility of assessing other polymers.
Insectivorous birds in the Neotropics: Ecological radiations, specialization, and coexistence in species-rich communities
Authors: Sherry Thomas W , Kent Cody M , Sánchez Natalie V , Şekercioğlu Çağan H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInsectivorous birds reach their highest diversity in the tropics and represent a striking variety of morphological and behavioral specializations for foraging, yet explanations for these patterns are inadequate because of both our limited understanding of the drivers of ecological diversification within and among clades and of coexistence mechanisms in particular. Here we synthesize recent information on Neotropical insectivorous birds, including their diversity, evolutionary ages and locations of origin, phylogenies, and both competitive and predator–prey species interactions. We propose a novel evolutionary hypothesis for the origin and coexistence of the phenotypic diversity of insectivore foraging morphologies in species-rich communities, based on their extraordinary food-resource specializations. Specifically, we develop the Biotic Challenge Hypothesis to explain the evolution of these specializations, and we provide preliminary evidence in support of this hypothesis based on a synopsis of both Neotropical insectivore specializations by family and arthropod antipredator adaptations by category. We argue that, from the perspective of tropical insectivorous birds, and particularly in the most species-rich, mainland Neotropical communities, the environment is an arthropod desert. Coexistence with all of the other insectivores requires feeding specialization to compete exploitatively and diffusely against evolutionarily diverse species and far less frequently against sister species. The arthropod desert arises primarily because of (1) the tactical diversity of arthropod predators as insectivore competitors and (2) the evolutionary arms races involving arthropod predators with their prey, which render many arthropods inaccessible to most insectivorous predators. Our idea provides an explicit mechanism for pervasive, diffuse tropical interspecific competition, for evolutionary specialization, and for positive feedback on speciation rates at low latitudes, thereby generating new predictions and insights into tropical life histories and the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient. Other recent ideas concerning the coexistence of Neotropical insectivores, including positive species interactions within mixed species flocks, are recognized and evaluated. We discuss ways to test predictions resulting from the new view of communities developed here, including a case study of diet specialization by Costa Rican tyrannid flycatchers. Our synthesis of the origin and nature of Neotropical insectivore communities injects new life into the “zombie” idea that evolution works differently in the species-rich tropics.
Silence is sexy: soundscape complexity alters mate choice in túngara frogs
Authors: Coss Derek A , Hunter Kimberly L , Taylor Ryan C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many animals acoustically communicate in large aggregations, producing biotic soundscapes. In turn, these natural soundscapes can influence the efficacy of animal communication, yet little is known about how variation in soundscape interferes with animals that communicate acoustically. We quantified this variation by analyzing natural soundscapes with the mid-frequency cover index and by measuring the frequency ranges and call rates of the most common acoustically communicating species. We then tested female mate choice in the túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus) in varying types of background chorus noise. We broadcast two natural túngara frog calls as a stimulus and altered the densities (duty cycles) of natural calls from conspecifics and heterospecifics to form the different types of chorus noise. During both conspecific and heterospecific chorus noise treatments, females demonstrated similar preferences for advertisement calls at low and mid noise densities but failed to express a preference in the presence of high noise density. Our data also suggest that nights with high densities of chorus noise from conspecifics and heterospecifics are common in some breeding ponds, and on nights with high noise density, the soundscape plays an important role diminishing the accuracy of female decision-making.
Evaluation of Orthogonal Testing Algorithm for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies
Authors: Xu Gang , Emanuel Anthony J , Nadig Satish , Mehrotra Shikhar , Caddell Brittany A , Curry Scott R , Nolte Frederick S , Babic Nikolina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody testing is an important tool in assessment of pandemic progress, contact tracing, and identification of recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We evaluated an orthogonal testing algorithm (OTA) to improve test specificity in these use cases.

Methods
A two-step OTA was applied where individuals who initially tested positive were tested with a second test. The first-line test, detecting IgG antibodies to the viral nucleocapsid protein, was validated in 130 samples and the second-line test, detecting IgG antibodies to the viral spike protein in 148 samples. The OTA was evaluated in 4333 clinical patient specimens. The seropositivity rates relative to the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates were evaluated from our entire patient population data (n = 5102).

Results
The first-line test resulted in a clinical sensitivity of 96.4% (95% CI; 82.3% to 99.4%), and specificity of 99.0% (95% CI; 94.7% to 99.8%), whereas the second-line test had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI; 87.1% to 100%) and specificity of 98.4% (95% CI; 94.2% to 99.5%). Using the OTA, 78/98 (80%) of initially positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG results were confirmed with a second-line test, while 11/42 (26%) of previously diagnosed COVID-19 patients had no detectable antibodies as long as 94 days post PCR diagnosis.

Conclusion
Our results show that an OTA can be used to identify patients who require further follow-up due to potential SARS CoV-2 IgG false positive results. In addition, serological testing may not be sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect prior COVID-19 infection.
Ovipositional Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Two Squash Bug Species Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Anasa armigera: Effects of Parasitoid Density, Nutrition, and Host Egg Chorion on Parasitism Rates
Authors: Cornelius Mary L , Vinyard Bryan T , Mowery Joseph D , Hu Jing S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study examined the ovipositional behavior of Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on egg masses of two squash bug species Anasa tristis DeGeer and Anasa armigera Say (Hemiptera: Coreidae) by evaluating how parasitoid density and access to nutrition influenced percent parasitism on egg masses of different sizes in laboratory tests. When three parasitoids were exposed to A. tristis egg masses with only three to five eggs, 72.7% of parasitoids became trapped in the eggs and failed to emerge successfully. These results suggest that competition between larvae within the egg may have reduced the fitness of the surviving parasitoid. Continual access to honey water did not significantly influence parasitism rates on A. armigera egg masses and only increased parasitism on A. tristis egg masses with 20–25 eggs. Overall, parasitism rates were higher on A. armigera egg masses than on A. tristis egg masses, and parasitoids were more likely to emerge successfully from A. armigera eggs than from A. tristis eggs. Parasitoids spent the same amount of time probing eggs of the two species, but they spent significantly more time drilling into A. tristis eggs than A. armigera eggs. Measurements taken using transmission electron microscopy determined that the average combined width of the epicuticle and exocuticle of the egg chorion was significantly greater for A. tristis eggs than for A. armigera eggs. This difference may account for the lower rates of parasitism and parasitoid emergence and for the increased time spent drilling into A. tristis eggs compared with A. armigera eggs.