bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accident and vascular injury with stingray in the Alto Juruá, Acre, Brazil: a case report
Authors: Holanda Marlon Negreiros de , Câmara Ozianndeny Ferreira , Silva Delcio Damasceno da , Bernarde Paulo Sérgio , Silva Ageane Mota da , Lima Marcos Venicicus Malveira de , Monteiro Adilson , Wajnsztejn Rubens 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Fish accidents, called ichthyism, are common and considered a neglected health problem with high morbidity and low lethality. Noteworthy are the poisonings by freshwater stingrays, which are considered very serious and one of the most important injuries caused by aquatic animals in South America.
Case Presentation: To describe an accident and vascular injury with venomous stingray animals in the Alto do Juruá, Acre, Brazil. Male patient admitted due to stingray in the left lower extremity 20 days ago.
Conclusion: The freshwater stingray, due to its sharp characteristics, injured the great saphenous vein, requiring surgical intervention. The situation presented negative evolution due to the lack of necessary procedures in the first attendance, such as the proper cleaning of the wound and the removal of the sting.
A new insight to biomarkers related to resistance in survived-white spot syndrome virus challenged giant tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon
Authors: Mohd Ghani Farhana , Bhassu Subha 
Published: December 2019

The emergence of diseases such as white spot disease has become a threat toPenaeus monodoncultivation. Although there have been a few studies utilizing RNA-Seq, the cellular processes of host-virus interaction in this species remain mostly anonymous. In the present study,P. monodonwas challenged with WSSV by intramuscular injection and survived for 12 days. The effect of the host gene expression by WSSV infection in the haemocytes, hepatopancreas and muscle ofP. monodonwas studied using Illumina HiSeq 2000. The RNA-Seq of cDNA libraries was developed from surviving WSSV-challenged shrimp as well as from normal healthy shrimp as control. A comparison of the transcriptome data of the two groups showed 2,644 host genes to be significantly up-regulated and 2,194 genes significantly down-regulated as a result of the infection with WSSV. Among the differentially expressed genes, our study discovered HMGB, TNFSF and c-Jun inP. monodonas new potential candidate genes for further investigation for the development of potential disease resistance markers. Our study also provided significant data on the differential expression of genes in the survived WSSV infectedP. monodonthat will help to improve understanding of host-virus interactions in this species.
Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a glutamate racemase (MurI) fromStreptococcus mutansUA159
Authors: Wang Xiangzhu , Chen Chanchan , Shen Ting , Zhang Jiangying 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGlutamate racemase (MurI) is a cofactor-independent enzyme that is essential to the bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway and has therefore been considered an attractive target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. While in our previous study the essentiality of themurIgene was shown inStreptococcus mutans, the primary aetiologic agent of human dental caries, studies onS. mutansMurI have not yet provided definitive results. This study aimed to produce and characterize the biochemical properties of the MurI from theS. mutansUA159 genome.MethodsStructure characterization prediction and multiple sequence alignment were performed by bioinformatic analysis. Recombinant His6-taggedS. mutansMurI was overexpressed in the expression vector pColdII and further purified using a Ni2+affinity chromatography method. Protein solubility, purity and aggregation state were analyzed by SDS–PAGE, Western blotting, native PAGE and SEC-HPLC. Kinetic parameters were assessed by a circular dichroism (CD) assay. Kinetic constants were calculated based on the curve fit for the Michaelis–Menten equation. The effects of temperature and pH on enzymatic activity were determined by a series of coupled enzyme reaction mixtures.ResultsThe glutamate racemase gene fromS. mutansUA159 was amplified by PCR, cloned and expressed inEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3). The 264-amino-acid protein, as a mixture of dimeric and monomeric enzymes, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. In the CD assay,S. mutansMurI displayed unique kinetic parameters (Km,d-Glu→l-Glu= 0.3631 ± 0.3205 mM,Vmax,d-Glu→l-Glu= 0.1963 ± 0.0361 mM min−1,kcat,d-Glu→l-Glu= 0.0306 ± 0.0065 s−1,kcat/Km,d-Glu→l-Glu= 0.0844 ± 0.0128 s−1mM−1, withd-glutamate as substrate;Km,l-Glu→d-Glu= 0.8077 ± 0.5081 mM,Vmax,l-Glu→d-Glu= 0.2421 ± 0.0418 mM min−1,kcat,l-Glu→d-Glu= 0.0378 ± 0.0056 s−1,kcat/Km,l-Glu→d-Glu= 0.0468 ± 0.0176 s−1mM−1, withl-glutamate as substrate).S. mutansMurI possessed an assay temperature optimum of 37.5 °C and its optimum pH was 8.0.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide insight into the structure and biochemical traits of the glutamate racemase inS. mutansand supply a conceivable guideline for employing glutamate racemase in anti-caries drug design.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Igweagu C. P. , Chime O. H. , Ekwueme O. C. 
Published: December 2019

Background: The Acquired Immune – deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a terminal illness caused by a retrovirus known as the Human Immune-deficiency virus (HIV). HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death in sub-saharan Africa. Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest rates of new infection in sub-Saharan Africa with 1.9 million people living HIV in 2018. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality, prolonged life expectancy and improved quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS infection (PLWHA). To be most effective ART requires a near perfect level of adherence. Poor adherence compromises treatment effectiveness, leading to treatment failure and development of drug resistance. Non-adherence is also characterized by increased morbidity, mortality and great economic loss.
This study assessed the effect of health education on factors influencing adherence to ART among PLWHAs in Enugu State.
Methodology: A health education intervention was carried out among 312 persons living with HIV/AIDS receiving ART in Enugu metropolis to improve their perception and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 312 people living with HIV/AIDS (156 each in the study and control groups), who were selected by multistage sampling. Subsequently, health education was conducted among the study group. Three months after this intervention its effects were assessed through a survey using the same structured questionnaires employed in the baseline survey.
Results: Knowledge of supportive and limiting factors of adherence improved significantly among the study group than the controls post-intervention (P<0.001). The factors that facilitated adherence included follow-up visits, adequate information education/counseling and supportive relationships. The limiting factors were drug side-effects, forgetfulness, finance and travel time to clinic.
Conclusion: Health education improved knowledge of supportive factors of ART adherence among PLWHAs in Enugu State, and this should be promoted.
Giant Fungating Cutaneous Myxoma of the Head and Neck: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Daniel Aliyu , Iseh K. R. , Solomon J. H. , Olalekan Olawole W. , Oyebunmi Braimah R. , Aremu Ibikunle A. , Olanrewaju Taiwo A. , Mallami Sahabi S. , Folusho Adeyeye M. , Aquil Nazish P. , Amutta S. B. , Abdullahi M. , Joshua Okoro C. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Virchow first describes Myxomas in 1871; they are benign tumors of primitive indifferent mesenchyme that have preference for the cardiac muscles, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, liver and spleen. The rarity of the tumor, especially in the head and neck region makes us to report this case.
Case Report: A 16-year-old male secondary student who presented with a 9-year history of painless progressive submandibular swelling, no extension to the mouth. Examination revealed a huge fungating submandibular mass, 20 cm x 16 cm x10 cm in dimension, mobile, non-tender and firm in consistency. Other findings were unremarkable, and routine hematological and biochemical tests were all within normal limits. He subsequently had excision of the mass (weighs 950 g) under general anesthesia via an elective tracheostomy with split thickness skin grafting of the exposed strap muscles. Histopathological report revealed cutaneous myxoma.
Conclusion: Cutaneous myxoma of the Head and Neck region is presented for its rarity, and although is a histologically benign neoplasm, treatment is extremely challenging with high incidence of recurrence.
A Comparative Analytical Study on Two Types of Sharibadi Decoctions: An Ayurveda Preparation
Authors: Kulathunga R. D. H. , Gunarathna E. D. T. P. , Jayawardhana N. D. N. , Silva R. H. S. K. De , Ranasinghe R. L. D. S. , Faisulhaq M. H. , Samarasinha U. K. A. , Arawwawala L. D. A. M. 
Published: December 2019

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the Sharibadi decoction which was prepared in two different ways. Sharibadi decoction A: All the ingredients are available including a local variety of H. indicus and Indian variety of H. indicus. Sharibadi decoction B: All the ingredients are available except the local variety of H. indicus and double the amount of Indian variety of H. indicus.
Methodology: Phytochemical (in terms of secondary metabolites and Thin Layer Fingerprint profiles) and Physico-chemical (in terms of ash values and extractable matter) analyses were carried out to compare the Sharibadi decoction A with the Sharibadi decoction B.
Results: Comparison of phytochemicals and Thin Layer Fingerprint profile of Sharibadi decoction A with that of Sharibadi decoction B revealed the differences in phytochemical compound/s presence in both decoctions. However, Physico-chemical parameters of Sharibadi decoction A were almost similar to that of Sharibadi decoction B.
Conclusion: Absence of local variety of H. indicus gives an impact on phytochemical constituents rather than Physico-chemical parameters of Sharibadi decoction. However, phytochemicals play a major role when a drug exhibits its therapeutic effect/s. Therefore, to get the best therapeutic effect of Sharibadi decoction, both local variety of H. indicus and Indian variety of H. indicus should be used with other ingredients.
Francesco Petrarch: A Poet of “Multiple Belongings”
Authors: Rushworth Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces the medieval Italian poet Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) and the sixteenth‐century European literary movement known as Petrarchism. I argue that Petrarch is an important figure in world literature because of the “multiple belongings” of his nomadic life and the openness of his poetry to multiple interpretations. Both these aspects are read under the sign of ambiguity. I also suggest that ambivalence serves to further Petrarch's popularity, using the example of the French poet Joachim du Bellay. The conclusion acknowledges the limitations of the idea of Rome/Europe as the world, and suggests avenues for future research.
Satraps’ revolt
Authors: Facella Margherita 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

According to a passage of Diodorus (15.90.1–92.5), the Great King Artaxerxes II Mnemon had to face a big rebellion of several satraps of Asia Minor in 362–361
bce
. Modern scholarship is inclined to believe that Diodorus has here compressed what was actually a series of insurrections which took place in the space of fifteen years and which has involved numerous satraps, as well as the Greeks and the Egyptian pharaoh Tachos.
Lactantius
Authors: Nicholson Oliver 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLactantius, an African rhetorician, served both Diocletian and Constantine. HisOn the Deaths of the Persecutorsof 313/4ceis a detailed, if partisan narrative of the decade of the Great Persecution and the rise of Constantine. HisDivine Institutes, the first comprehensive introduction to Christianity in Latin, earned him in the Renaissance the sobriquet the “Christian Cicero.”
Oxyrhynchos (Oxyrhynchus)
Authors: Benaissa Amin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA city in Middle Egypt (modern al‐Bahnasa), situated ca. 180 km south of Cairo and on the western bank of the Nile channel known as the Bahr Yusuf. It is the most prolific source of Greek papyri, chiefly dating from the Roman and Late Antique periods (late first centurybceto seventh centuryce), and arguably the best‐documented provincial city of the Roman Empire.
Strabo of Amaseia
Authors: Roller Duane W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Strabo of Amseia, active in the late first century
bce
and early first century
ce
, wrote the longest surviving geography in Greek literature. It covers a wide range of subjects, including much of what is known about the history of Greek geography and exploration. He also wrote a general history and a study of Alexander the Great, both of which only survive in fragments.
Antigonos II Gonatas (Antigonus II Gonatas)
Authors: Kralli Ioanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntigonos II Gonatas, son of Demetrios I Poliorketes, was born ca. 320bceand effectively ruled from 277 to 239. Having witnessed his father's grand failure to rule over Asia, Antigonos set himself more modest goals, protecting Macedonia by asserting himself in Greece and throughout the Aegean. He installed garrisons and opportunistically established or supported oligarchic or autocratic regimes favorable to his rule. In the last years of his rule Gonatas lost control of the Peloponnese due to the expansion of the Achaian League.
Antigonos III Doson (Antigonus III Doson)
Authors: Kralli Ioanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntigonos III (r. 229–221bce), nicknamed Doson, nephew of Antigonos II Gonatas and grandson of Demetrios I Poliorketes, ascended to the Macedonian throne initially as regent for the minor Philip V of Macedon. Doson assured Philip's succession, consolidated the kingdom's northern borders, reincorporated Thessaly and blocked Aitolian expansion. The war between Kleomenes III of Sparta and the Achaian League gave Doson the opportunity to reestablish Macedonian control over the Peloponnese, through his alliance with the League and his victory over Kleomenes at Sellasia. Being the first enemy ever to enter Sparta, he chose not to destroy it.
Nabis of Sparta
Authors: Kralli Ioanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNabis, of Eurypontid descent, was sole ruler of Sparta between ca. 207 and 192bce. For his social policies and for being an enemy of his native Megalopolis, Polybius and later sources following him labeled him a tyrant. Though ruthless, he was also innovative, he strengthened the Spartan army at the same time abolishing the traditional class system, and for a brief period he affected high politics. His defeat by the Romans led to the loss of the Lakonian perioikic towns.
Sellasia, Battle of
Authors: Kralli Ioanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSellasia, near the northern frontier of Sparta, was the site of a major battle in 222bcebetween the Spartan king Kleomenes III and the Macedonian king Antigonos Doson. The latter was at the head of a Hellenic Alliance consisting of Macedon, the Achaian League, and other federations. Doson was victorious and became the first enemy ever to enter Sparta.
Justus of Tiberias
Authors: McClister David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJustus of Tiberias was a Jewish aristocrat in Galilee in the first centuryce. He served as secretary to Herod Agrippa II and was the author of one, or possibly two, works on Jewish history. Our main source of knowledge about Justus is theVita, or autobiography, of Flavius Josephus.
Religion, Samaritan
Authors: Pummer Reinhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSamaritan religion resembles in many aspects Jewish religion. However, Samaritanism is not a sect of Judaism, but a branch of Israelite Yahwism. Like Judaism, Samaritanism once had a temple dedicated to Yhwh on Mount Gerizim but it was destroyed at the end of the second centurybceand never rebuilt. It also has the Pentateuch as its sacred book, albeit with some differences to the Jewish Pentateuch. To reconstruct Samaritan religious practices in Antiquity we have to rely on non‐Samaritan texts and archaeological finds since the earliest Samaritan texts date from a later period.
Samaria
Authors: Pummer Reinhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe history of the city of Samaria can be traced back to the Iron Age I. In the ninth and the eighth centuriesbceit was the capital of the northern Israelite kingdom. It then became successively an administrative center under Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian rule. Alexander the Great settled Macedonian soldiers in the city. In 63bcePompey annexed it to the Roman empire together with Syria and Palestine. Emperor Augustus gave the city to Herod the Great who named it Sebaste. In the seventh century, it was conquered by the Muslims. Its name lives on the Arabic village Sebastiyeh.
Catenae
Authors: Ceulemans Reinhart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Catenae are a major form of Greek biblical exegesis practiced in Late Antiquity and Byzantium. Qualifying to be described as “exegetical florilegia,” they reflect the conviction that biblical interpretation should rely on the tradition of the Fathers. Not too much bothered by orthodoxy as a criterion of selection, the catenae have preserved many excerpts from Greek works otherwise lost; but they also deserve to be studied in their own right, as literary and exegetical products of their time.
Celtic languages
Authors: Mullen Alex 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Celtic languages form a sub‐group of Indo‐European languages which, in Antiquity, were spoken widely on the Continent, Britain, and Ireland, but which are now largely restricted to the British Isles and Brittany. In Antiquity, the Celtic languages are attested directly in local epigraphies (Celtiberian, Gallo‐Greek, Gallo‐Latin, Gallo‐Etruscan, Lepontic) and indirectly through names and linguistic features in Latin, Greek, and other sources.
Dream books, ancient Egypt
Authors: Prada Luigi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDream books constitute one of the best‐attested form of divinatory literature from ancient Egypt, with specimens surviving from the New Kingdom through to the Roman Period (ca. thirteenth centurybce–second centuryce). They are important sources of information not only about the Egyptian belief in dreams as omens, but also about the hopes and fears of contemporary society, as testified in the predictions about the dreamers’ future.
Dolichenus
Authors: Blömer Michael , Winter Engelbert 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Jupiter Dolichenus was the god of Doliche, a small city in ancient North Syria. The origins of his cult can be traced back to the Iron Age. In the second century, the worship of Jupiter Dolichenus evolved from a strictly local phenomenon to a trans‐local cult with followers in many parts of the Roman Empire. Many of them were Roman soldiers.
Fulvius Plautianus, Gaius
Authors: Lusnia Susann S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractC. Fulvius Plautianus, African by birth, was a kinsman of the emperor Septimius Severus (Herodian 3.10.6), who became Praetorian Prefect and amassed extraordinary power and wealth before his downfall in 205ce(Dio. 76(75).15–16; Herodian 3.11.2–3).
Science, Greek
Authors: Keyser Paul T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Everyone seeks to know their world, hence every culture practices science in some form. In antiquity, several cultures are known to have produced significant science: China, India, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece. The disputatious character of Greek culture drove it to greater activity in science than most cultures; this entry focuses on Ancient Greek science. “Science” cannot categorically be distinguished from other activities such as philosophy or technology, and sometimes not even from magic or theology. Any rigid definition of science will be contentious, but in any brief survey, generalizations must perforce be made.
Quantification and homogenization of image noise between two CT scanner models
Authors: Einstein Samuel A. , Rong Xiujiang John , Jensen Corey T. , Liu Xinming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFeedback from radiologists indicated that differences in image appearance and noise impeded reading of post‐contrast computed tomography (CT) scans from an updated CT scanner that was recently added to a fleet of existing scanners from the same vendor, despite using identically named reconstruction algorithms. The goals of this work were to quantify and possibly standardize image quality on the new and an existing scanner using phantom images. Three months of daily quality control images were analyzed to determine the mean CT number and noise magnitude in a water phantom. Next, subtraction images from the uniformity section of an American College of Radiology CT phantom were used to generate noise power spectra for both scanners. Then, a semi‐anthropomorphic liver phantom was imaged with both scanners in triplicate using identical body protocols to quantify differences CT number and noise magnitude. Finally, the scanner dependence of CT number and noise magnitude on material attenuation was quantified using a multi‐energy CT phantom with 15 material inserts. Significant differences between scanners were determined using a paired or Welch's t test as appropriate. In daily quality control images, the new scanner exhibited slightly higher CT number (0.697 vs. 0.412, P < 0.001, n = 85) and slightly lower noise magnitude (4.85 vs. 4.94, P < 0.001, n = 85). Measured NPS was not significantly different between the existing and new scanners. Interestingly, it was observed that the noise magnitude from the new scanner increased with increasing material attenuation in both the liver (P = 0.008) and multi‐energy (P < 0.001) phantoms. Using an alternate reconstruction algorithm with the new scanner eliminated this deviation at high material attenuations. While standard noise evaluation in a water phantom was unable to discern differences between the scanners, more comprehensive testing with higher attenuation materials allowed for the characterization and homogenization of image quality.
Liquid Biopsy Based on Circulating Cancer‐Associated Cells: Bridging the Gap from an Emerging Concept to a Mainstream Tool in Precision Medicine
Authors: Jiménez‐Zenteno Alejandro Kayum , Cerf Aline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe concept of liquid biopsy and the isolation and analysis of circulating biomarkers from blood samples is proposed as a surrogate to solid biopsies and can have the potential to revolutionize the management of patients with cancer. The relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the importance of the information they carry is acknowledged by the medical community. But what are the barriers to clinical adoption? This review draws a panorama of the biological implications of CTCs, their physical and biochemical properties, and the current technological bottlenecks for their analysis in relation with the medical needs. Keys and considerations to bridge the technological and clinical gaps that still need to be overcome to be able to introduce CTCs in clinical routine are finally synthesized.