bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis: The Potential Utility of Multimodal Imaging Prior to Surgery
Authors: Corey Kristin M. , Campbell Michael Jay , Hill Kevin D. , Hornik Christoph P. , Krasuski Richard , Barker Piers C. , Jaquiss Robert D. B. , Li Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2020

Background: The presence of echocardiographic (echo) evidence is a major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) by modified Duke criteria. Pulmonary valve (PV) IE, however, can be challenging to identify by echo. We sought to evaluate the added utility of multimodal imaging in PV IE. Methods: This is a single-center case series. We retrospectively analyzed demographic, laboratory, imaging, clinical, and surgical data from patients diagnosed with PV IE from 2008 to 2018. Results: A total of 23 patients were identified with definite PV IE by Duke criteria (83% male and ages 2 months to 70 years). Twenty-two patients had congenital heart disease, with 21 involving the right ventricular outflow tract (including three with transcatheter PV implant). Overall, 20 (87%) of 23 had positive blood cultures. A total of 17 (74%) of 23 patients demonstrated echo evidence of PV IE. In three cases, echo was negative (did not show vegetations) but showed new PV obstruction. In four cases with negative transthoracic echocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiogram, evidence of PV IE was subsequently seen by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (n = 2) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (n = 2). Pulmonary valve IE was confirmed at surgery by evaluation of pathologic samples in 20 cases. Conclusions: Multimodal imaging improves the ability to preoperatively identify endocardial involvement in PV IE in cases where echo is negative. Consideration should be given to revise Duke criteria to include new obstruction and endocardial involvement by multimodal imaging for PV IE.
Postoperative Complication Burden, Revision Risk, and Health Care Use in Obese Patients Undergoing Primary Adult Thoracolumbar Deformity Surgery
Authors: Varshneya Kunal , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Stienen Martin N. , Ho Allen L. , Fatemi Parastou , Medress Zachary A. , Herrick Daniel B. , Desai Atman , Ratliff John K. , Veeravagu Anand 
Published: February 2020

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study using a nationally representative administrative database. Objective: To identify the impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing thoracolumbar adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Background: The obesity rate in the United States remains staggering, with approximately one-third of all Americans being overweight or obese. However, the impact of elevated body mass index on spine surgery outcomes remains unclear. Methods: We queried the MarketScan database to identify patients who were diagnosed with a spinal deformity and underwent ASD surgery from 2007 to 2016. Patients were then stratified by whether or not they were diagnosed as obese at index surgical admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was then utilized to mitigate intergroup differences between obese and nonobese patients. Patients <18 years and those with any prior history of trauma or tumor were excluded from this study. Baseline demographics and comorbidities, postoperative complication rates, and short- and long-term reoperation rates were determined. Results: A total of 7423 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study, of whom 597 (8.0%) were obese. Initially, patients with obesity had a higher 90-day postoperative complication rate than nonobese patients (46.1% vs 40.8%, P < .05); however, this difference did not remain after PSM. Revision surgery rates after 2 years were similar across the 2 groups following primary surgery (obese, 21.4%, vs nonobese, 22.0%; P = .7588). Health care use occurred at a higher rate among obese patients through 2 years of long-term follow-up (obese, $152 930, vs nonobese, $140 550; P < .05). Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with obesity who underwent ASD surgery did not demonstrate increased rates of complications, reoperations, or readmissions. However, overall health care use through 2 years of follow-up after index surgery was higher in the obesity cohort.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Loop Retention Mechanism for Cortical Graft Fixation in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Götschi Tobias , Rosenberg George , Li Xiang , Zhang Chen , Bachmann Elias , Snedeker Jess G. , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Implant fixation by means of a cortical fixation device (CFD) has become a routine procedure in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There is no clear consensus whether adjustable-length CFDs are more susceptible to loop lengthening when compared with pretied fixed-length CFDs. Purpose: To assess biomechanical performance measures of 3 types of CFDs when subjected to various loading protocols. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Three types of CFDs underwent biomechanical testing: 1 fixed length and 2 adjustable length. One of the adjustable-length devices is based on the so-called finger trap mechanism, and the other is based on a modified sling lock mechanism. A device-only test of 5000 cycles (n = 8 per group) and a tendon-device test of 1000 cycles (n = 8 per group) with lower and upper force limits of 50 and 250 N, respectively, were applied, followed by ramp-to-failure testing. Adjustable-length devices then underwent further cyclic testing with complete loop unloading (n = 5 per group) at each cycle, as well as fatigue testing (n = 3 per group) over a total of 1 million cycles. Derived mechanical parameters were compared among the devices for statistical significance using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney U testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: All CFDs showed elongation <2 mm after 5000 cycles when tested in an isolated manner and withstood ultimate tensile forces in excess of estimated peak in vivo forces. In both device-only and tendon-device tests, differences in cyclic performance were found among the devices, favoring adjustable-length fixation devices over the fixed-length device. Completely unloading the suspension loops, however, led to excessive loop lengthening of the finger trap device, whereas the modified sling lock device remained stable throughout the test. The fixed-length device displayed superior ultimate strength over both adjustable-length devices. Both adjustable-length devices showed adequate fatigue behavior during high-cyclic testing. Conclusion: All tested devices successfully prevented critical construct elongation when tested with constant tension and withstood ultimate loads in excess of estimated in vivo forces during the rehabilitation phase. The finger trap device gradually lengthened excessively when completely unloaded during cyclic testing. Clinical Relevance: Critical loop lengthening may occur if adjustable-length devices based on the finger trap mechanism are repeatedly unloaded in situ.
Impact of gender and caregiving responsibilities on academic success in hematology
Authors: King Allison A. , Vesely Sara K. , Vettese Emily , Cook Sadie , Cuker Adam , Stock Wendy , Homer Morgan , Fritz Josel , Sung Lillian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We previously identified gender disparities in academic success during evaluation of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Clinical Research Training Institute (CRTI) and hypothesized that it may be related to caregiving. The objective was to evaluate the impact of gender and caregiving responsibilities on academic success. A cross-sectional survey that included a question about caregiving responsibilities was distributed to alumni who participated in CRTI from 2003 to 2016 and asked about academic productivity in the previous 3 years. Publications and grants were abstracted from submitted curriculum vitae. Academic success was defined as number of first- or senior-author publications, total publications, grants, and percent effort in research. Of 280 potential respondents, 258 responded (92% response rate), 169 (66%) had caregiving responsibilities, and 110 (43%) were men. Respondents with caregiving responsibilities had fewer first- or senior-author publications (median, 3 vs 5; P = .003) and less percent effort in research (median, 40% vs 50%; P = .006). Men had more first- or senior-author publications (median, 4 vs 3; P = .002) and more total publications (median, 12 vs 6.5; P = .0002) than women. When stratified by those without (P = .0001) or with (P = .042) caregiving responsibilities, men had more publications than women. Among men, caregiving responsibilities significantly reduced all outcomes. However, among women, caregiving did not have an impact. In conclusion, men had more publications than women whether or not they had caregiving responsibilities. However, among men, caregiving reduced academic productivity whereas among women, caregiving did not have impact. The scientific community will need to continue to identify the reasons for disparities and implement changes to address them.
Metabolically healthy obese and metabolic syndrome of the lean: the importance of diet quality. Analysis of MAGNETIC cohort
Authors: Osadnik Kamila , Osadnik Tadeusz , Lonnie Marta , Lejawa Mateusz , Reguła Rafał , Fronczek Martyna , Gawlita Marcin , Wądołowska Lidia , Gąsior Mariusz , Pawlas Natalia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is considered as an indispensable component of metabolic health assessment and metabolic syndrome diagnosis. The associations between diet quality and metabolic health in lean, young adults have not been yet established whilst data addressing this issue in overweight and obese subjects is scarce. Our analysis aimed to establish the link between diet quality (measured with data-driven dietary patterns and diet quality scores) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults, regardless of their adiposity status.

Methods
A total of 797 participants aged 18–35 years old were included in the study. Participants were assigned into metabolic syndrome (MS) group if at least two abnormalities within the following parameters were present: blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose. Participants with one or none abnormalities were considered as metabolically healthy subjects (MH), Diet quality was assessed with two approaches: 1) a posteriori by drawing dietary patterns (DPs) with principal component analysis (PCA) and 2) a priori by establishing diet quality scores and the adherence to pro-Healthy-Diet-Index (pHDI) and non-Healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI). Logistic regression with backward selection based on Akaike information criterion was carried out, to identify factors independently associated with metabolic health.

Results
Within the MS group, 31% were of normal weight. Three PCA-driven DPs were identified, in total explaining 30.0% of the variance: “Western” (11.8%), “Prudent” (11.2%) and “Dairy, breakfast cereals & treats” (7.0%). In the multivariate models which included PCA-driven DPs, higher adherence to middle and upper tertiles of “Western” DP (Odds Ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]: 1.72, 1.07–2.79 and 1.74, 1.07–2.84, respectively), was associated with MS independently of clinical characteristics including BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Similar results were obtained in the multivariate model with diet quality scores - MS was independently associated with higher scores within nHDI (2.2, 0.92–5.28).

Conclusions
Individuals with MS were more likely to adhere to the western dietary pattern and have a poor diet quality in comparison to metabolically healthy peers, independently of BMI and WHR. It may imply that diet composition, as independent factor, plays a pivotal role in increasing metabolic risk. Professional dietary advice should be offered to all metabolically unhealthy patients, regardless of their body mass status.
Cytosine methylation of mature microRNAs inhibits their functions and is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Cheray Mathilde , Etcheverry Amandine , Jacques Camille , Pacaud Romain , Bougras-Cartron Gwenola , Aubry Marc , Denoual Florent , Peterlongo Pierre , Nadaradjane Arulraj , Briand Joséphine , Akcha Farida , Heymann Dominique , Vallette François M. , Mosser Jean , Ory Benjamin , Cartron Pierre-François 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiterature reports that mature microRNA (miRNA) can be methylated at adenosine, guanosine and cytosine. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in cytosine methylation of miRNAs have not yet been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the biological role and underlying mechanism of cytosine methylation in miRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).MethodsRNA immunoprecipitation with the anti-5methylcytosine (5mC) antibody followed by Array, ELISA, dot blot, incorporation of a radio-labelled methyl group in miRNA, and miRNA bisulfite sequencing were perfomred to detect the cytosine methylation in mature miRNA. Cross-Linking immunoprecipiation qPCR, transfection with methylation/unmethylated mimic miRNA, luciferase promoter reporter plasmid, Biotin-tagged 3’UTR/mRNA or miRNA experiments and in vivo assays were used to investigate the role of methylated miRNAs. Finally, the prognostic value of methylated miRNAs was analyzed in a cohorte of GBM pateints.ResultsOur study reveals that a significant fraction of miRNAs contains 5mC. Cellular experiments show that DNMT3A/AGO4 methylated miRNAs at cytosine residues inhibit the formation of miRNA/mRNA duplex and leading to the loss of their repressive function towards gene expression. In vivo experiments show that cytosine-methylation of miRNA abolishes the tumor suppressor function of miRNA-181a-5p miRNA for example. Our study also reveals that cytosine-methylation of miRNA-181a-5p results is associated a poor prognosis in GBM patients.ConclusionTogether, our results indicate that the DNMT3A/AGO4-mediated cytosine methylation of miRNA negatively.Graphical abstract
Oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a elicits antigen-specific resident memory CD4+ T cells in the human terminal ileum lamina propria and epithelial compartments
Authors: Booth Jayaum S. , Goldberg Eric , Barnes Robin S. , Greenwald Bruce D. , Sztein Marcelo B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSalmonellaenterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a highly invasive bacterium that infects the human intestinal mucosa and causes ~ 11.9–20.6 million infections and ~ 130,000–223,000 deaths annually worldwide. Oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a confers a moderate level of long-lived protection (5–7 years) in the field. New and improved vaccines against enteric pathogens are needed but their development is hindered by a lack of the immunological correlates of protection especially at the site of infection. Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells provide immediate adaptive effector immune responsiveness at the infection site. However, the mechanism(s) by whichS. Typhi induces TRMin the intestinal mucosa are unknown. Here, we focus on the induction ofS.Typhi-specific CD4+TRMsubsets by Ty21a in the human terminal ileum lamina propria and epithelial compartments.MethodsTerminal ileum biopsies were obtained from consenting volunteers undergoing routine colonoscopy who were either immunized orally with 4 doses of Ty21a or not. Isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) CD4+TRMimmune responses were determined using eitherS. Typhi-infected or non-infected autologous EBV-B cell lines as stimulator cells. T-CMI was assessed by the production of 4 cytokines [interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α] in 36 volunteers (18 vaccinees and 18 controls volunteers).ResultsAlthough the frequencies of LPMC CD103+ CD4+TRMwere significant decreased, both CD103+ and CD103− CD4+TRMsubsets spontaneously produced significantly higher levels of cytokines (IFNγ and IL-17A) following Ty21a-immunization. Importantly, we observed significant increases inS. Typhi-specific LPMC CD103+ CD4+TRM(IFNγ and IL-17A) and CD103− CD4+TRM(IL-2 and IL-17A) responses following Ty21a-immunization. Further, differences inS. Typhi-specific responses between these two CD4+TRMsubsets were observed following multifunctional analysis. In addition, we determined the effect of Ty21a-immunization on IEL and observed significant changes in the frequencies of IEL CD103+ (decrease) and CD103− CD4+TRM(increase) following immunization. Finally, we observed that IEL CD103− CD4+TRM, but not CD103+ CD4+TRM, produced increased cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17A) toS. Typhi-specific stimulation following Ty21a-immunization.ConclusionsOral Ty21a-immunization elicits distinct compartment specific immune responses in CD4+TRM(CD103+ and CD103−) subsets. This study provides novel insights in the generation of local vaccine-specific responses.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifierNCT03970304, Registered 29 May 2019—Retrospectively registered,http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03970304)
Population-level investigation of the knowledge of ocular chemical injuries and proper immediate action
Authors: Seraj Hadeel , Khawandanh Shahad , Fatani Arwa , Saeed Afnan , Alotaibi Ghadeer , Basheikh Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Although the eyes occupy 0.1% of the total body surface, eye injuries are serious because vision is arguably the most important sense. We aimed to assess knowledge of Saudi Arabian residents regarding steps to be taken in cases of chemical eye injury, in order to promote awareness of such procedures.

Results
A cross-sectional design was done. A random sampling method was utilized to select 888 individuals in the Saudi community. Participants completed an electronic closed ended, validated, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Two experts assessed content and face validity. Respondents were 18–29 years of age. 74 (8.3%) had a history of chemical eye injury. Regarding the first step taken in case of chemical eye injury, 697 (78.5%) respondents indicated washing with water, 164 (18.5%) indicated visiting the emergency department, 11 (1.2%) indicated using eye drops, and 5 (0.6%) indicated covering the eye immediately. Seventy-five (8.4%) respondents agreed that an eye injured with an acidic material should be washed with an alkaline solution. These results should be confirmed by health authorities and appropriate interventions should be developed for improving knowledge among masses, thereby promoting a healthier society.
Return to education and financial value of investment in higher education in Indonesia
Authors: Yubilianto  
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile there is extensive literature discussing the return to education using the remarkable semi-log Mincer equation, very few studies utilize the full discounting method to examine the impact of education investment from an individual perspective. This paper tries to analyze the return to higher education in Indonesia through the full discounting method mainly using the Indonesia Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5) and Synthetic Work-life Earnings (SWE) estimation. The results indicate that the median college graduate workers earn about 60% higher salary than that of secondary school leavers. With 4 years to complete a college degree, this figure indicates that the return to higher education is implicitly around 15%, which is similar to the result of the Mincer earnings equation analysis. Moreover, it takes at least 14 years of working time to compensate for the investment in getting a bachelor’s degree. These findings suggest that households should consider spending their money for university education. Likewise, the government and financial institutions can provide a better loan policy for higher education.
Implementation science made too simple: a teaching tool
Authors: Curran Geoffrey M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The field of implementation science is growing and becoming more complex. When teaching new learners, providing a clear definition of implementation science and a description of “its place” among related fields can be difficult. The author developed a teaching tool using very simple language to help learners grasp key concepts in implementation science.

The teaching tool
The tool consists of a slide (visual aid) which provides simple and jargon-free definitions of implementation science, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes, as well as a description of how implementation science relates to “effectiveness” research focusing on clinical/preventive interventions.

Conclusion
The tool could be useful to new students in the field, as well as other scholars or stakeholders in need of a brief and plain language introduction to key concepts in implementation science.
Practitioner perspectives on building capacity for evidence-based public health in state health departments in the United States: a qualitative case study
Authors: Mazzucca Stephanie , Valko Cheryl A. , Eyler Amy A. , Macchi Marti , Lau Andrew , Alongi Jeanne , Robitscher John , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Public health agencies are responsible for implementing effective, evidence-based public health programs and policies to reduce the burden of chronic diseases. Evidence-based public health can be facilitated by modifiable administrative evidence-based practices (A-EBPs) (e.g., workforce development, organizational climate), yet little is known about how practitioners view A-EBPs. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand state health department practitioners’ perceptions about how A-EBPs are implemented and what facilitators and barriers exist to using A-EBPs.

Methods
Chronic disease prevention and health promotion program staff who were members of the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors were recruited to participate in telephone interviews using a snowball sampling technique. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were analyzed using a common codebook and the a priori method in NVivo.

Results
Twenty seven interviews were conducted with practitioners in four states (5–8 interviews per state). All practitioners felt that their work unit culture is positive and that leadership encouraged and expected staff to use evidence-based processes. Participants discussed the provision of trainings and technical assistance as key to workforce development and how leaders communicate their expectations. Access to evidence, partnerships, and funding restrictions were the most commonly discussed barriers to the use of A-EBPs and EBDM.

Conclusions
Results of this study highlight practitioners’ perspectives on promoting evidence-based public health in their departments. Findings can inform the development and refinement of resources to improve A-EBP use and organizational and leadership capacity of state health departments.