bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioplastic production from wastewater sludge and application
Authors: Liu F , Li J , Zhang X L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Plastic is considered as one of the most useful materials in the world. Plastic products are utilized in almost any field such as industry, manufacturing, agriculture, and service. Although plastic products can meet the needs of human beings, they also cause environmental problems such as white pollution. The current utilized plastic is non-biodegraded. It suggests that they would remain in long time in the environment when they are Activated sludge (sludge is called for short) is generated during the wastewater treatment process in large quantity. Its management gradually becomes a great problem. The problem of difficult recycling of plastic waste has attracted more and more attention. Recycling technology is an effective but incomplete measure to address these environmental issues. Based on this, bioplastics can solve this problem as a new material. Studies have found that high temperature lysates of sludge can be used to produce biodegradable plastic poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). And acetic acid produced by the anaerobic fermentation sludge thermal cracking solution can replace glucose as a carbon source to support the growth of microorganisms. In this way, the use of sludge thermal cracking fluid to produce bioplastic PHB can be achieved. In this paper, the development of bioplastics is introduced in the context of understanding the development of bioplastics. This paper also introduces the various types of bioplastics widely used at present, discusses the principle of producing bioplastics from activated sludge, and prospects the application prospects of bioplastics.
Radiation synthesis and heavy metal ions removal of cellulose microsphere based adsorbent
Authors: Du J F , Dong Z , Zhao L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A novel cellulose-based adsorbent was successfully prepared by radiation induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto the surface of cellulose microspheres, followed by epoxy ring-opening reaction to introduce iminodiacetic acid disodium (IDA). The characterization of the obtained adsorbent was investigated in detail. To evaluate the adsorption performance of the novel adsorbent in comparison with commercial adsorbent D850, batch and column mode adsorption experiments against Cu (II) and Ni (II) were conducted. The equilibrium time for Cu (II) and Ni (II) were 20 and 30 min, which is much shorter than that of commercial adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cu (II) and Ni (II) reached 96.90 and 111.11 mg/g, respectively. Applicability of the novel adsorbent on the actual wastewater generated from electroplating plants was also investigated. It was found that the novel adsorbent possessed a higher adsorption/desorption velocity and broadly similar adsorption capacity with the commercial adsorbent, signifying the effective adsorption performance of the developed grafted adsorbent.
Population exposure to large-scale heatwaves in China for 1961-2015
Authors: Zhao G N , Li B Z , Kong P , Xia L J , Zhan M J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccording to the observed daily maximum temperature data from 756 climate stations in China during 1961–2015, the frequency, intensity, impacted area, and population exposure of the large scale heatwaves (HWs) are calculated by the Intensity-Area-Duration method. During 1961–2015, averagely 24.6 HWs happened every year with an average intensity of 34.4°C, impacting 4.71 million km2, around 49.1% of the territory of China. In 2000s, the HW frequency and impacted area have increased by 1.5 times and the intensity has increased by 0.3°C. The largest population exposure is in Central China. There are three stable high value centers of population exposure in China: Northwest China, Central China and North China. The northwest high-value-center is almost stable and isolated. As the north and central high-value-centers are becoming larger, they are likely to merge into one. In 2013, the abnormally strong and stable western Pacific subtropical high and the equally stable Qinghai-Tibet high are the main reasons for the severest HWs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Moreover, North China has started to be invaded by HWs. At the same time, the expansion of the central and north HW centers may involve more populated and developed areas with the threat of HWs. These will affect the social stability, the human health and sustainable development of the national economy.
Conceptual framework of hierarchical water demand
Authors: Hou B D , Yang R X , Wang J H , Xiao W H , Zhao Y , Wang H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Water resources demand analysis is one of the basic and core contents of water resources planning, allocation and management. Its mechanism analysis is the focus, hot spot and difficult point of future social water cycle research. Aiming at the problems of lack of mechanism of water resources demand analysis and the large forecasting results, Maslow’s hierarchical theory of demand is introduced into the field of water resources demand. Based on the characteristics of individual water demand mechanism, the mechanism and characteristics of human demand for water resources in the process of life, production and ecological construction are analyzed, and the hierarchical theory of water resources demand is established accordingly. The theory divides water demand from low to high into three levels: rigid demand, elastic demand and luxury demand, and combines water demand at each level into three levels: basic water demand, reasonable water demand and representational water demand. Finally, based on this theory, the water demand forecasting method is discussed. The research results enrich the theory and method of water demand prediction, and lay a theoretical foundation for scientific prediction of future water demand.
Study of high tide level changes in estuary area in response to coastline deformation in Wenzhou Bay
Authors: Huang S C , Liu X , Zhao X 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Wenzhou Bay, which is located in the southern coast of China with rich tidal flat resources, is frequently influenced by human activities, leading coastline deformation and high tide level changes in estuary area. A two-dimensional tidal numerical model of high resolution including Wenzhou Bay and East China Sea was established based on the MIKE21 FM model. The model was calibrated with field data and then was employed to predict high tide level changes under the development plan of coastline deformation. According to the simulating results, high tide level and tidal range in the Ou River and the Feiyun River estuary area will decrease about 0.01~0.13 m and 0.01~0.18 m, whether in dry season or flood season. Further analysis from tide wave point illustrates that weaken of the tidal system outside estuary area will occur after the coastline deformation. The direction of tidal propagation will change from vertical to parallel to coastline, causing weaken reflection, leading to the decreases of tidal range and high tidal level.
Characteristic on pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in different periods of an up-flow biological aerated filter
Authors: Ren J H , Cheng W , Wan T , Meng T , He M X , Wang M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) reactor was established to explore the pollutant removal and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) distribution at the initial stage of biofilm, maturity of biofilm, and stable operation periods. The parallel factor (PARAFAC) model was applied to analyze the three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of EPS. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to study the correlation between the distribution of EPS and pollutant removal. The results showed that the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4
+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) at the maturity of biofilm were higher than other periods, and reached to 95.68%±0.87%, 73.48%±4.32%, and 63.80%± 14.27%, respectively. The operation period had a significant correlation with EPS distribution. All of biofilm samples detected four kinds of fluorescent substance of tryptophan-like (C1), protein-like (C2), humilic acid (C3), and humic acids-like (C4). The CCA result showed that NH4
+-N removal had a very significant positive correlation with EPS concentration and composition (R≥0.9261).
Analysis of runoff variation characteristics in Yishuhe River Basin
Authors: Zhao Y H , Yu B K , Qu P , Li S , Zhan D Q , Wang X Q 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Yishuhe River Basin is located in the northeast of the Yishusi River Basin, with the watershed area of about 18200 km2. It is necessary to analyze the variety characteristics of runoff in Yishuhe River Basin, and it will provide technical support for flood control and drought relief. Based on the past continuous 60 years’ data of runoff measured at 2 hydrometric stations and precipitation at 23 precipitation stations in Yishuhe River Basin, this study analyzed the monthly and annual variation characteristics of the runoff in Yishuhe River Basin using some indexes and methods such as complete regulation coefficient and nonuniformity coefficient, concentration ratio, concentration period, Man-Kendall trend test and mutation detection, and so on. The research results indicate that the distribution of annual runoff in Yishuhe River Basin is uneven, the monthly maximum precipitation occurs in August generally, and the continuous four months’ runoff even accounts for 80% of that of the year. The annual runoff shows a decreasing trend with time at Linyi station in Yihe River and Daguanzhuang station in Shuhe River, and the tendency of runoff reduction is significant in Yihe River with an abrupt point happening in 1966 and 2013.
Extraction of protein from excess sludge by thermal pretreatment assisted enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Gao J L , Wang Y C , Yan Y X , Yue Q C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the hydrolysis conditions to extract protein from excess sludge by thermal pretreatment assisted enzymatic were studied. The optimum technological conditions were the sludge moisture content of 95%, thermal pretreatment temperature of 100 °C, heating time of 3h, initial pH of enzymolysis sludge of 11, enzyme dosage of 3000U/g dry sludge, enzymolysis temperature of 55°C and time of 3h. Up to 52.8% of the protein content of the sludge was extracted, and the dehydration performance of the hydrolyzed sludge was 87.46% higher than that of the original sludge. Therefore, thermal pretreatment-assisted enzymolysis can effectively extract protein from excess sludge and improve its dewatering performance.
Effect of wall normal velocity on velocity distribution in unsteady flow
Authors: Huang Y Q , Han Y , Chen J , Qiu L C , He X L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of wall normal velocity on velocity distribution in unsteady flow has been investigated. We established a modified log-law model by adding the wake-term by Coles and deviation term together to depict the velocity deviation caused from classic log-low model. An empirical formula for deviation-correction factor α has been determined based on the present experimental data, and it yields a good agreement with other published experimental data. Experimental measurements of velocity distributions in unsteady open channel flows have been performed to prove this model.The cause of this addition was discussed and explained, and the theoretical velocity images from the improved model have been compared with the present data, they are well correlated.
Research on the emergency management pattern and adjustment system for urban waterlogging
Authors: Yang S Y , Jiang R G , Xie J C , Yu X , Liang J C , Lian Y N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Urban waterlogging events have become more frequent in big cities, causing a considerable economic loss and casualties. Waterlogging disasters exert increasingly severe influences on cities, which has become a research hotspot under changing environment. In view of that problem of insufficient information in the waterlogging emergency management, it is necessary to build emergency management pattern to adapt to the changing environment of urban waterlogging and design support emergency management pattern implementation of adjustment system. Through the process of "pre-event, in-event and after-event", a set of emergency pattern is designed to face the urban waterlogging event, which ensures that the management personnel could grasp the state of the occurrence of the event at each stage of the event and take countermeasures for the occurrence of the event quickly. The digitalization and visualization of urban waterlogging emergency management can be realized by using customized components, drawing knowledge map and designing adjustment system. According to the urban waterlogging emergency management pattern, the Beijing emergency plan component and the component based on similar historical case analysis are customized, and the functions of the components are realized through the integrated adjustment system. The application shows that emergency management adjustment system of urban waterlogging can realize the quick use of information, offer users customized waterlogging emergency management services, and provide the management with the support of effective emergency management decision. The results can provide conceptual and technical support for urban emergency management. It can also improve the timeliness of urban response and the level of urban flood control.
Fabrication of Ag/TiO2/Fe2TiO5 nanofibers by electrospinning and their enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yang F , Yu X J , Zhang T , Niu J F , Li J , Nie J K , Li J P , Yao B H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Herein, Ag/TiO2/Fe2TiO5 nanofiber composites with different contents of Ag were prepared using electrospinning with a calcining process. The structure and morphology of Ag/TiO2/Fe2TiO5 were characterized by TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. The results shown that the organic template was completely decomposed at about 670°C. It can also find the rutile and anatase TiO2 coexisted in TiO2 nanofibers, but the peaks of anatase TiO2 disappeared in Fe2TiO5/TiO2. In addition, when Ag added in the Fe2TiO5/TiO2, the peaks of Fe2TiO5 and TiO2 have been strengthened greatly. It can conclude that the Fe3+ and Ag+ have an opposite effect on the crystal growing of the sample. In addition, the Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were well distributed in the surface of TiO2/Fe2TiO5. The UV-Vis DRS and electrochemical tests indicated that the light absorption and carries separation of Ag/TiO2/Fe2TiO5 were enhanced obviously. Since the surface plasmon resonance effect of AgNPs and synergistic effect, the as-prepared composite (the content of Ag was 3% mol) show a higher photocatalytic performance in degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB 99.6%) than that of pure-TiO2 and TiO2/Fe2TiO5.
Analysis of factors affecting small-scale farmland water conservancy construction based on the perspective of farmers’ subdivision
Authors: Xu L , Chen J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper uses the survey data of Baoying and Shuyang counties in Jiangsu Province to analyze the investment intentions and behavioral orientations of different types of farmers on the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities, and constructs a Logit measurement model to explain the factors affecting the farmers’ willingness to invest. The results show that: Farmers’ willingness to invest is positively correlated with whether they are village cadres or not, household agricultural income, block arable land area, demand for farmland water conservancy facilities, evaluation of village cadres, comparison with surrounding village water conservancy facilities, and whether there are government involvement projects. It is also negatively related to the age of the farmer, the proportion of the working population, and whether or not he/she participated in the investment.
Monitoring the internet public opinion of mountain flood disaster using big data analysis
Authors: Cao R J , Jiang R G , Xie J C , Wang J , Shi T L , Wen C C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mountain torrent disasters have caused severe damage and loss of life and property to the society and the economy, which attract the public’s attention. Timely monitoring the characteristics and evolution of internet public opinion in mountain torrents is of significant impact on the emergency response and management. The primary objective of the paper is to analyze the time and spatial characteristics, attention key points, emotional trend and participants of the public opinion in mountain torrent disasters using big data and statistical analysis. The current situation is investigated and a prediction method using correlation analysis is proposed, which provides reference for decision makers to formulate response plans according to public opinion from internet. The data mining method is used to obtain relevant data based on microblog API interface, and the data is processed by statistical methods. Combined with the content analysis method, the characteristics of public opinion in mountain torrents are comprehensively analyzed, and the hotspots of public concern and the trends of public opinion are obtained. The results show that the eruption time of the public opinion coincides with the disaster occurrence time. From spatial characteristics analysis, the flood disasters in China mainly occur in the North China Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River Basin, the Sichuan Basin, and the Northeast Plain. The public opinion attention degrees are highly positive correlated with the occurrence of mountain torrent disasters, and the correlation coefficient is 0.96. Citizens not only pay attention to the disaster situation and rescue work, but also focus on the improvement of the disaster prevention work. Public emotional trend is mainly based on expressing hope for a safe life, pity and sympathy for the victims, panic about the severity of the disaster, objective evaluation of the situation, as well as admiration and concern for rescuers, and suggestions on early warning education. As an opinion leader, People Daily has great influence on the internet public opinion. At different stages, participants should work together to maintain a healthy public opinion environment.
Molecular dynamic simulations and DFT calculations on the effects of four inhibitors on the scaling of CaCO3 molecules
Authors: Li C J , Zhang C Y , Liao K X , Zhang W P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Molecular dynamic simulations and DFT (with GGA and PBE functional) calculations were used to study two effects of four inhibitors on the scaling of CaCO3. The first effect studied was the determination of the occurrence of the occupation of a position of a CaCO3 molecule by an inhibitor molecule in the scaling of pipes. This phenomenon was shown to occur by the minimum distance between the scaling surface and the free molecules (the CaCO3 or the inhibitors). The binding energy between the surfaces and free molecules showed that the intensity of adsorption of the inhibitors on the surfaces is stronger than the adsorption of CaCO3 on the surfaces. The main connection mode between the inhibitor and the surfaces is an induction force (when the molecules are adsorbed on a Fe surface) or an electrostatic force and a hydrogen bond force (when molecules are adsorbed on a Fe2O3 and a calcite surface). The second effect studied in this work was the interaction between CaCO3 molecule and the carboxyl of the inhibitor molecules. The values of the binding energy illustrate that this adsorption can occur spontaneously. The calcium ion of the CaCO3 connects to the oxygen atom of the carbonyl of the carboxyl by a coordination bond. The carbonate ion of CaCO3 connects to the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl by a hydrogen bond.
Research on groundwater system identification in use of hydrological signals processing technique
Authors: Luo C M , Zhu B , Wu J H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Filtering techniques can be applied in processing hydrological signal identifying groundwater system. A series of groundwater table observation sequences in a coalmine was dealt with by use of recursive (IIR, Infinite Impulse Response) and non-recursive (FIR, Finite Impulse Response) filtering. The responding characteristics and dynamic patterns on the groundwater system were recognized by the correlation analysis. An identification model based on the Hammerstein-Wiener was applied to fit the data of measurement. The study shows that: (1) Three types of aquifer are divided according to their corresponding characteristics to the precipitation. Comparing the IIR and FIR filtering, the features of different scale filtering are summerized. (2) In nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener model, the best fitting between simulation and measurement is up to 94.9%. The application of signals processing technique is a efficient approach to identify the groundwater system’s characteristics and patterns.
Experiences from wastewater treatment in the hilly areas in Sichuan
Authors: Liu X , Guo Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, measures have been taken against rural environmental problems, and remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of sewage treatment facilities, but there are still some problems. This paper takes three small sewage treatment facilities in the hilly areas of Sichuan as the research object, through field research and data collection, statistical analysis and analysis of various facilities, combined with actual use, the corresponding optimization development proposals are summed up to optimize the utilization efficiency of the facilities and improve the living environment in the rural areas. The results show that the combination of A2O+MBBR is more suitable for the economy and performance at Sichuan hilly areas, but other options can be selected according to different situations to achieve the best results. At the same time, this paper points out some problems and provides reasonable corresponding suggestions for rural small-scale sewage treatment facilities from the aspects of technical mode selection, planning and design, construction and operation, etc., and provides a more practical and feasible optimization plan and reference for the region to control rural water pollution.
Self-adaptive improved PSO algorithm to solve optimal operation of cascade reservoir systems
Authors: Xiang Y Q , Mo L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The optimal scheduling problem of cascade reservoirs is an optimal control problem for a dynamic complex nonlinear system with a large number of constraints, which has not been satisfactorily solved so far. This paper presents a new improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which based on self-adaptive improvement of relative progress, to solve the problem of optimal scheduling of cascade reservoirs. The results obtained by the improved PSO algorithm are found to be encouraging when compared with PSO algorithm under similar test condition.