bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broilers at Farmer’s Door
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Kumari Shikha 
Published: April 2020

Aims: An experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of two probiotics of different origins (yeast and bacterial based) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chicken.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Purnea between January, 2020 to March, 2020.
Methods: Two hundred and forty, day old chicks were kept and were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and each group had 2 replicates of 20 chicks. Four (A, B, C and D) iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 21.56%) broiler starter and finisher (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 18.75%) diets were formulated containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus toyoi and mixture of both @ 0.2% except group A which was control. Birds were raised for first week on commercial diet. Broiler starter and finisher diets were fed from 8-28 and 29-42 days, respectively.
Results: A significant (P<0.05) effect was observed on overall performance of the birds fed diet containing probiotics. Probiotics in feed at 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation improved body weight gain (+12.7%), feed intake (3.8%) and feed conversion efficiency (-8.7%) compared with the control diet. Among groups, no significant differences were observed in carcass traits but highest dressing percentage was recorded in group-B followed by group-C than group-D and lowest in control group.
Conclusion: The result indicated that the addition of probiotics in feed containing 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved broiler growth performances and it is beneficial to be used as supplement in feed of broiler chickens.
Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Stem Barks from Trichilia emetica (Meliaceae) in Alloxan-Induced Diabeticalbinos Rats
Authors: Prisca Djoupo Agnon , Luc Dere Kwadjo Anicet , Kahissié Manhan , Félix Yapi Houphouet , Georges Tiahou Gnomblesson 
Published: April 2020

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Trichilia emetica (TE) stem bark in albinos rats.
Methodology: 24 rats of comparable weight were divided into 2 lots, including a control lot of 3 rats and a test lot of 21 rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting Alloxan® intraperitoneally (125 mg/kg bw) for 7 days. After the onset of diabetes, the animals were divided into several groups and given the extracts of Trichilia emetica and Diastabol® orally for 6 days according to the following protocol: Normal Control (NC) received normal saline, group diabetic control (DC) it consists of untreated diabetic, group DD10 and DD20 was comprised of diabetic animals treated with Diastabol® at a doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg bw respectively , group DTEE100 and DTEE200 it consists of diabetic animals treated with ethanolic extract at a doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw respectively, group DTEA100 and DDTEA 200 was comprised of diabetic animals treated with aqueous extract at a same dose (100 and 200 mg/kg bw). At the end of experimentation, some blood was collected for the determination of some biochemical parameters such as insulin, blood glucose, AST, ALT, urea and creatinine. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cardiac frequency (CF) were also recorded.
Results: The results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in insulin levels in diabetic rats compared with NC. In addition, diabetes caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in blood glucose, urea, creatinine levels, transaminase activity, and in blood pressure numbers (DBP, SBP and CF) still in comparison with NC. However, the treatment of sick animals with the extracts and the Diastabol at the doses listed above significantly (P <0.05) increased insulin levels and reduced the sames biochemical parameters levels as well as the blood pressure numbers compared with DC.
Conclusion: The data obtained showed that this part of the plant would have antidiabetic effects with ethanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw had the highest pronounced effect and could be used as a good alternative for diabetes management, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine.
Nephropathic Changes in Renal Parenchyma of Wistar Rats Following Sub-chronic Exposure to Methanol Extract of Caladium bicolor (Aiton)
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Okojie Itohan Grace , Brown Ibifuro , Olatomide Oluwasegun Davis , Oyaronbi Oluwadamilola 
Published: April 2020

To assess nephropathic potential of Caladium bicolor methanolic extract within the renal parenchyma of experimental Wistar rats. Twenty four albino Wistar rats (weighing between 180-195 g) were divided into four groups which include Group I treated with distilled water (2 ml/kg b.w.), Group II treated with methanolic extract of C. bicolor (100 ml/kg b.w.), Group III treated with methanolic extract of C. bicolor (200 ml/kg b.w.), Group IV treated with methanolic extract of C. bicolor (300 ml/kg b.w.). All administrations were done orally and once daily for a period of thirty five days. Body weight of animals was recorded during days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of study. After the study period, kidney tissue of study animals was harvested, weighed and processed for histopatho logical study. Staining of renal tissue sections was done using H & E technique, examined under microscope for observable histopathological changes that were scored using image-J software.
Results of this study showed that sub-chronic exposure to methanolic extract of C. bicolor caused reduction in body and renal tissue weight. Moreover, exposure to the extract increases significantly (p < 0.05) renal histopatho logical changes including inflammation, necrosis, glomerular congestion and tubular dilatation within the renal parenchyma of study animals.
Therefore, methanol extract of C. bicolor exhibited dose-independent nephropathic effect on the renal parenchyma following a sub-chronic exposure in experimental Wistar rats.
Functionalized Polymers Enhance Permeability of Antibiotics in Gram‐Negative MDR Bacteria and Biofilms for Synergistic Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Gupta Akash , Makabenta Jessa Marie Valenzuela , Schlüter Friederike , Landis Ryan F. , Das Riddha , Cuppels Madison , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria constitutes a key threat to global health. Infections caused by multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria are particularly challenging to treat due to the ability of pathogens to prevent antibiotic penetration inside the bacterial membrane. Antibiotic therapy is further rendered ineffective due to biofilm formation where the protective extracellular polymeric substance matrix limits the diffusion of antibiotics inside the biofilm. It is hypothesized that careful engineering of chemical groups on polymer scaffolds can enable polymers to penetrate the barriers of Gram‐negative bacterial membrane and biofilm matrix. Here, the use of engineered polymeric nanoparticles in combination with antibiotics for synergistic antimicrobial therapy is presented. These polymeric nanoparticles enhance the accumulation of antibiotics inside Gram‐negative bacteria and the biofilm matrix, resulting in increased potency of antibiotics in combination therapy. Sublethal concentrations of engineered polymeric nanoparticles reduce the antibiotic dosage by 32‐fold to treat MDR bacteria and biofilms. Tailoring of chemical groups on polymers demonstrates a strong structure–activity relationship in generating additive and synergistic combinations with antibiotics. This study demonstrates the ability of polymeric nanoparticles to “rejuvenate” antibiotics rendered ineffective by resistant bacteria and provides a rationale to design novel compounds to achieve effective antimicrobial combination therapies.
High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Nickel Single‐Atom Catalysts with Tetradentate N2O2 Coordination in a Three‐Phase Flow Cell
Authors: Wang Yulin , Shi Run , Shang Lu , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Zhang Tierui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon‐supported NiII single‐atom catalysts with a tetradentate Ni‐N2O2 coordination formed by a Schiff base ligand‐mediated pyrolysis strategy are presented. A NiII complex of the Schiff base ligand (R,R)‐(−)‐N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine was adsorbed onto a carbon black support, followed by pyrolysis of the modified carbon material at 300 °C in Ar. The Ni‐N2O2/C catalyst showed excellent performance for the electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O2 through a two‐electron transfer process in alkaline conditions, with a H2O2 selectivity of 96 %. At a current density of 70 mA cm−2, a H2O2 production rate of 5.9 mol gcat.−1 h−1 was achieved using a three‐phase flow cell, with good catalyst stability maintained over 8 h of testing. The Ni‐N2O2/C catalyst could electrocatalytically reduce O2 in air to H2O2 at a high current density, still affording a high H2O2 selectivity (>90 %). A precise Ni‐N2O2 coordination was key to the performance.
Temperature‐Induced Structure Reconstruction to Prepare a Thermally Stable Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Yan Dongxu , Chen Jing , Jia Hongpeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom noble metals on a catalyst support tend to migrate and agglomerate into nanoparticles owing to high surface free energy at elevated temperatures. Temperature‐induced structure reconstruction of a support can firmly anchor single‐atom Pt species to adapt to a high‐temperature environment. We used Mn3O4 as a restructurable support to load single‐atom Pt and further turned into single‐atom Pt‐on‐Mn2O3 catalyst via high‐temperature treatment, which is extremely stable under calcination conditions of 800 °C for 5 days in humid air. High‐valence Pt4+ with more covalent bonds on Mn2O3 are essential for anchoring isolated Pt atoms by strong interaction. An optimized catalyst formed by moderate H2O2 etching exhibits the best performance and excellent thermal stability of single‐atom Pt in high‐temperature CH4 oxidation on account of more exposed Pt atoms and strong Pt‐Mn2O3 interaction.
Chiral Reticular Self‐Assembly of Achiral AIEgen into Optically Pure Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with Dual Mechano‐Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Shang Weili , Zhu Xuefeng , Liang Tongling , Du Cong , Hu Liangyu , Li Tiesheng , Liu Minghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is attractive in understanding the excited‐state chirality and developing advanced materials. Herein, we propose a chiral reticular self‐assembly strategy to unite achiral AIEgens, chirality donors, and metal ions to fabricate optically pure AIEgen metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as efficient CPL materials. We have found that CPL activity of the single‐crystal AIEgen MOF was generated by the framework‐enabled strong emission from AIEgens and through‐space chirality transfer from chirality donors to achiral AIEgens via metal‐ion bridges. For the first time, a dual mechano‐switched blue and red‐shifted CPL activity was achieved via ultrasonication and grinding, which enabled the rotation or stacking change of AIEgen rotors with the intact homochiral framework. This work provided not only an insightful view of the aggregation induced emission (AIE) mechanism, but also an efficient and versatile strategy for the preparation of stimuli‐responsive CPL materials.
Layered MXene Protected Lithium Metal Anode as an Efficient Polysulfide Blocker for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Wantang , Zhang Yifang , Li Huan , Chen Zijin , Shang Tongxin , Wu Zhitan , Zhang Chen , Li Jia , Lv Wei , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) from sulfur cathode to lithium (Li) anode is one of the main obstacles for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. The severe corrosion of Li metal anode by the dissolved LiPSs bottlenecks the efficient operation of Li−S batteries, however, the anode part has not been received much attention compared to those extensive efforts related to the cathode designs. Herein, we show that the interface between Ti3C2Tx (T=−OH, −F)‐based MXene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is able to guide uniform Li nucleation, promoting highly reversible and dendrite‐free Li plating/stripping. Such the Li anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability for more than 1000 hours even under ultra‐high rate (10 mA cm−2) and high areal capacity (3 mAh cm−2). More importantly, the well‐designed 2D layered structure by coupling the Ti3C2Tx with a graphene scaffold, is highly efficient to block the shuttled polysulfides and inhibit the corrosion of the lithium metal anode. As a result, the Li−S full battery exhibits a stable cycling stability with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % over 300 cycles. This work suggests the design strategy of Li metal anode especially targeting at the sulfur cathode, and we hope it can provide valuable inspirations for the future design of Li metal anodes for more practical Li−S batteries.
FAM225A facilitates colorectal cancer progression by sponging miR‐613 to regulate NOTCH3
Authors: Zhang Xuexiu , Shi Haoling , Yao Jianning , Li Yanle , Gao Bing , Zhang Yanzhen , Wang Chunfeng , Zhou Haining , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal disease ranking the third among the commonplace cancer types around the world. It is extremely significant to exploit effective treatments against CRC. FAM225A was proved to influence cell progression and forecast unfavorable prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The role and function mechanism of FAM225A are still unclear in CRC. In this research, FAM225A was discovered presenting much higher expression in CRC tissues and cell lines. In addition, depleting FAM225A was capable of inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress, and enhancing cell apoptosis ability. Furthermore, miR‐613 exerted important effects as a mediator between FAM225A and NOTCH3. NOTCH3 was negatively correlated with miR‐613, whereas was positively associated with FAM225A. Via competitively binding with miR‐613, FAM225A positively regulated NOTCH3 expression. FAM225A facilitated CRC occurrence and development through positively regulating NOTCH3 expression by binding with miR‐613. In a word, FAM225A/miR‐613/NOTCH3 axis may play a tumor‐facilitator in CRC cell progression. These data manifested the pivotal effect of FAM225A/miR‐613/NOTCH3 pathway in CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration process. The findings may provide some theoretical basis and different perspective for CRC treatment.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of (20S,21S)‐7‐Cyclohexyl‐21‐fluorocamptothecin Carbamates as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Ma Haijun , Chen Baobao , Wang Yuan , Wang Chuanhao , Yao Jianzhong , Zhang Wannian , Miao Zhenyuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract(20S,21S)‐7‐Cyclohexyl‐21‐fluorocamptothecin was discovered by a fluorine drug design strategy with potent antitumor activity and increased metabolic stability. In continuous efforts to find novel antitumor agents derived from natural product camptothecin, 20‐carbamates of the active compound (20S,21S)‐7‐cyclohexyl‐21‐fluorocamptothecin have been designed and synthesized. Among them, one compound with the diethylamino group showed greater antiproliferative activity than the other 20‐carbamate derivatives. The following biological activity assays indicated that the above compound is a valuable lead compound with excellent Topo I inhibitory activity and solution stability.
Protective Antioxidant Effects of Amentoflavone and Total Flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa on H2O2‐Induced HL‐O2 Cells through ASK1/p38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Li Yun‐Lan , Chen Xi , Niu Si‐Qing , Zhou Hong‐Yan , Li Qing‐Shan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid acid were extracted with ethyl acetate from Hedyotis diffusa Willd, and hepatoprotective activities of them and five compounds from total flavonoids against H2O2 induced hepatocyte damage on HL‐02 cells were determined. In particular, amentoflavone and total flavonoids had influence on the leakage of ALT, AST, LDH, the activities of SOD and the content of MDA. They effectively reduced the loss of MMP, the release of Cyt C, and then inhibited activation of caspase‐3/caspase‐9 cascade in hepatotoxic cells. The contents of ROS were significantly reduced to inhibit p38 in amentoflavone and flavonoids groups which decreased ASK1 and p‐p38 levels through increasing thioredoxin Trx1 and reductase TrxR1. These results suggesting that the antioxidant protection of amentoflavone and flavonoids might be reducing ROS to inhibit the H2O2‐induced upstream of pathway via increasing levels of Trx1 and TrxR1, which were pivotal in blocking the down streaming effectors of ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway and alleviating hepatotoxicity.
Mechanistic Insights into the Chemo‐Selective Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Bis(imino)pyridine Cobalt Complex from DFT Computations
Authors: Guo Cai‐Hong , Yang Dandan , Liang Min , Zhang Xiang , Jiao Haijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn in‐depth theoretical study has been performed to investigate the mechanism of alkene dehydrogenative silylation catalyzed by the bis(imino)pyridine cobalt methyl complex (MesPDI)Co(CH3) on the singlet, triplet and open‐shell singlet potential energy surfaces as well as the corresponding minimum energy crossing points. The formation of active catalyst [(MesPDI)Co(CH3)+HSiR3→(MesPDI)Co−[Si]+CH4] follows an open‐shell singlet potential energy surface, while the active catalyst has a triplet ground state. For 1‐butene as substrate, the formation of E/Z‐allylsilanes follows the singlet surface; and the E‐allylsilane is more favored than the Z‐allylsilane kinetically, and the expected ratio agrees with the experiment. For bulky 4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐pentene as substrate, the selectivity of allylsilane and vinylsilane is thermodynamically determined and this is supported by the need of low silane/olefin ratio (1/4) in experiment.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer in an Enclosed Assembly of Thin Vertical Cylinders – A CFD Study
Authors: Shafiq Faisal , Ullah Aubaid , Nadeem Muhammad , Khan Afrasyab , Ullah Atta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA thermal hydraulic study of convective heat transfer in 3 × 3 square array of heated vertical cylinders is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two different CFD approaches were used, i.e., full structural details (FSD) and porous media modeling (PMM). The computational requirement in PMM declined significantly due the porous media approximation. The PMM only gives the overall flow and temperature field. In the FSD model all the geometry details are presented without any approximation. The PMM and FSD results are compared to experimental data. In general, the prediction of temperature profiles from both PMM and FSD agreed well with the experimental data.
High‐Safety All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Working at Ambient Temperature with In Situ UV‐Curing Polymer Electrolyte on the Electrode
Authors: Yang Zhuang , Luo Yingwu , Gao Xiang , Wang Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of wearable electronic devices prompts the demand for high‐safety all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs), which can work at ambient temperature with comparable performance to traditional commercial lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, a three‐dimensional network design to overcome the contradiction between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength in polymer electrolytes is proposed. The designed solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has the ion‐conducting group (oligomeric ethylene oxide) fixed on the side chains, whereas the main chain is crosslinked polyacrylate, providing good mechanical strength. Succinonitrile (SN) is uniformly dispersed in the cross‐linked network as an additive. The prepared SN−SPE shows a high ionic conductivity of 4.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C with a Li+‐ion transference number of 0.45 and an excellent electrochemical stability window up to 4.6 V (vs. Li+/Li). The preparation method allows that the electrolyte can be UV‐cured in situ on the cathode to achieve a cathode‐electrolyte integrated electrode, which enhances the interface contact and decreases the interface resistance. As‐fabricated LiFePO4//Li4Ti5O12 cathode‐electrolyte integrated ASSLIBs can deliver a discharge capacity of 155.88 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C at room temperature and a capacity retention up to 93.62 % after 100 charge‐discharge cycles. The reported polymer electrolyte and advanced assembly process provided a promising strategy for the wearable ASSLIBs.
Electrochemical Dearomative Halocyclization of Tryptamine and Tryptophol Derivatives
Authors: Liu Kun , Deng Yuqi , Song Wenxu , Song Chunlan , Lei Aiwen 
Published: April 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionOwing to the easy functionalization of 3‐haloindolines to many biologically active compounds, extensive efforts have been made for their efficient preparation. Herein, an electrochemical dearomative bromo‐ and chloro‐cyclization of tryptamine and tryptophol derivatives has been developed under undivided electrolytic conditions. In this protocol, neither external chemical oxidants nor harsh conditions are needed, and a wide range of substituted hexahydropyrroloindolines/tetrahydrofuroindolines are obtained with halide ion in high efficiencies. Moreover, this electrolysis could also be scaled up to gram synthesis with good yields.
Regio‐Divergent C—H Alkynylation with Janus Directing Strategy via Ir(III) Catalysis
Authors: Li Xianwei , Liang Guangxin , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: April 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionDirecting strategy has been extensively exploited to maintain activity and selectivity for the rapid access to functionalized molecules and pharmaceutical targets. However, ‘one‐to‐one’ activation model was usually achieved through traditional directing strategy. Herein, we achieved ‘one‐to‐two’ activation model by slight modification of simple and practical ketoxime and amide functionality. With judicious choice of directing groups, Csp3—H and Csp2—H bond alkynylation reaction, and more significantly, dehydrogenative Csp3—H alkynylation, were realized, enabling the regio‐divergent late‐stage modifications of pharmaceuticals.