bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of airborne gravimetry data filtering into residual least-squares collocation: example from the 1 cm geoid experiment
Authors: Willberg Martin , Zingerle Philipp , Pail Roland 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow-pass filters are commonly used for the processing of airborne gravity observations. In this paper, for the first time, we include the resulting correlations consistently in the functional and stochastic model of residual least-squares collocation. We demonstrate the necessity of removing high-frequency noise from airborne gravity observations, and derive corresponding parameters for a Gaussian low-pass filter. Thereby, we intend an optimal combination of terrestrial and airborne gravity observations in the mountainous area of Colorado. We validate the combination in the frame of our participation in ‘the 1 cm geoid experiment’. This regional geoid modeling inter-comparison exercise allows the calculation of a reference solution, which is defined as the mean value of 13 independent height anomaly results in this area. Our result performs among the best and with 7.5 mm shows the lowest standard deviation to the reference. From internal validation we furthermore conclude that the input from airborne and terrestrial gravity observations is consistent in large parts of the target area, but not necessarily in the highly mountainous areas. Therefore, the relative weighting between these two data sets turns out to be a main driver for the final result, and is an important factor in explaining the remaining differences between various height anomaly results in this experiment.
The Liouville theorem for $$p$$-harmonic functions and quasiminimizers with finite energy
Authors: Björn Anders , Björn Jana , Shanmugalingam Nageswari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe show that, under certain geometric conditions, there are no nonconstant quasiminimizers with finite pth power energy in a (not necessarily complete) metric measure space equipped with a globally doubling measure supporting a global $$p$$
p
-Poincaré inequality. The geometric conditions are that either (a) the measure has a sufficiently strong volume growth at infinity, or (b) the metric space is annularly quasiconvex (or its discrete version, annularly chainable) around some point in the space. Moreover, on the weighted real line $$\mathbf {R}$$
R
, we characterize all locally doubling measures, supporting a local $$p$$
p
-Poincaré inequality, for which there exist nonconstant quasiminimizers of finite $$p$$
p
-energy, and show that a quasiminimizer is of finite $$p$$
p
-energy if and only if it is bounded. As $$p$$
p
-harmonic functions are quasiminimizers they are covered by these results.
Selective NADH communication from α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to mitochondrial transhydrogenase prevents reactive oxygen species formation under reducing conditions in the heart
Authors: Wagner Michael , Bertero Edoardo , Nickel Alexander , Kohlhaas Michael , Gibson Gary E. , Heggermont Ward , Heymans Stephane , Maack Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn heart failure, a functional block of complex I of the respiratory chain provokes superoxide generation, which is transformed to H2O2 by dismutation. The Krebs cycle produces NADH, which delivers electrons to complex I, and NADPH for H2O2 elimination via isocitrate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). At high NADH levels, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) is a major source of superoxide in skeletal muscle mitochondria with low NNT activity. Here, we analyzed how α-KGDH and NNT control H2O2 emission in cardiac mitochondria. In cardiac mitochondria from NNT-competent BL/6N mice, H2O2 emission is equally low with pyruvate/malate (P/M) or α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as substrates. Complex I inhibition with rotenone increases H2O2 emission from P/M, but not α-KG respiring mitochondria, which is potentiated by depleting H2O2-eliminating capacity. Conversely, in NNT-deficient BL/6J mitochondria, H2O2 emission is higher with α-KG than with P/M as substrate, and further potentiated by complex I blockade. Prior depletion of H2O2-eliminating capacity increases H2O2 emission from P/M, but not α-KG respiring mitochondria. In cardiac myocytes, downregulation of α-KGDH activity impaired dynamic mitochondrial redox adaptation during workload transitions, without increasing H2O2 emission. In conclusion, NADH from α-KGDH selectively shuttles to NNT for NADPH formation rather than to complex I of the respiratory chain for ATP production. Therefore, α-KGDH plays a key role for H2O2 elimination, but is not a relevant source of superoxide in heart. In heart failure, α-KGDH/NNT-dependent NADPH formation ameliorates oxidative stress imposed by complex I blockade. Downregulation of α-KGDH may, therefore, predispose to oxidative stress in heart failure.
The role of hnRNPs in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Bampton Alexander , Gittings Lauren M. , Fratta Pietro , Lashley Tammaryn , Gatt Ariana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDysregulated RNA metabolism is emerging as a crucially important mechanism underpinning the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the clinically, genetically and pathologically overlapping disorder of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) comprise a family of RNA-binding proteins with diverse, multi-functional roles across all aspects of mRNA processing. The role of these proteins in neurodegeneration is far from understood. Here, we review some of the unifying mechanisms by which hnRNPs have been directly or indirectly linked with FTD/ALS pathogenesis, including their incorporation into pathological inclusions and their best-known roles in pre-mRNA splicing regulation. We also discuss the broader functionalities of hnRNPs including their roles in cryptic exon repression, stress granule assembly and in co-ordinating the DNA damage response, which are all emerging pathogenic themes in both diseases. We then present an integrated model that depicts how a broad-ranging network of pathogenic events can arise from declining levels of functional hnRNPs that are inadequately compensated for by autoregulatory means. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most functionally relevant cellular roles, in the context of FTD/ALS pathogenesis, for hnRNPs A1-U.
Exercise training improves vascular function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pedrinolla Anna , Venturelli Massimo , Fonte Cristina , Tamburin Stefano , Di Baldassarre Angela , Naro Fabio , Varalta Valentina , Giuriato Gaia , Ghinassi Barbara , Muti Ettore , Smania Nicola , Schena Federico 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Vascular dysfunction has been demonstrated in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exercise is known to positively affect vascular function. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate exercise-induced effects on vascular function in AD.

Methods
Thirty-nine patients with AD (79 ± 8 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to exercise training (EX, n = 20) or control group (CTRL, n = 19). All subjects performed 72 treatment sessions (90 min, 3 t/w). EX included moderate–high-intensity aerobic and strength training. CTRL included cognitive stimuli (visual, verbal, auditive). Before and after the 6-month treatment, the vascular function was measured by passive-leg movement test (PLM, calculating the variation in blood flow: ∆peak; and area under the curve: AUC) tests, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD, %). A blood sample was analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Arterial blood flow (BF) and shear rate (SR) were measured during EX and CTRL during a typical treatment session.

Results
EX group has increased FMD% (+ 3.725%, p < 0.001), PLM ∆peak (+ 99.056 ml/min, p = 0.004), AUC (+ 37.359AU, p = 0.037) and VEGF (+ 8.825 pg/ml, p = 0.004). In the CTRL group, no difference between pre- and post-treatment was found for any variable. Increase in BF and SR was demonstrated during EX (BF + 123%, p < 0.05; SR + 134%, p < 0.05), but not during CTRL treatment.

Conclusion
Exercise training improves peripheral vascular function in AD. These ameliorations may be due to the repetitive increase in SR during exercise which triggers NO and VEGF upregulation. This approach might be included in standard AD clinical practice as an effective strategy to treat vascular dysfunction in this population.
Dirichlet absorbing boundary conditions for classical and peridynamic diffusion-type models
Authors: Shojaei Arman , Hermann Alexander , Seleson Pablo , Cyron Christian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiffusion-type problems in (nearly) unbounded domains play important roles in various fields of fluid dynamics, biology, and materials science. The aim of this paper is to construct accurate absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) suitable for classical (local) as well as nonlocal peridynamic (PD) diffusion models. The main focus of the present study is on the PD diffusion formulation. The majority of the PD diffusion models proposed so far are applied to bounded domains only. In this study, we propose an effective way to handle unbounded domains both with PD and classical diffusion models. For the former, we employ a meshfree discretization, whereas for the latter the finite element method (FEM) is employed. The proposed ABCs are time-dependent and Dirichlet-type, making the approach easy to implement in the available models. The performance of the approach, in terms of accuracy and stability, is illustrated by numerical examples in 1D, 2D, and 3D.
Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19
Authors: Kergaßner Andreas , Burkhardt Christian , Lippold Dorothee , Kergaßner Matthias , Pflug Lukas , Budday Dominik , Steinmann Paul , Budday Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented world-wide effort to gather data, model, and understand the viral spread. Entire societies and economies are desperate to recover and get back to normality. However, to this end accurate models are of essence that capture both the viral spread and the courses of disease in space and time at reasonable resolution. Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. We calibrate our model with data on cumulative detected infections and deaths from the Robert-Koch Institute and demonstrate how the model can be used to obtain county- or even city-level estimates on the number of new infections, hospitality rates and demands on intensive care units. We believe that the present work may help guide decision makers to locally fine-tune their expedient response to potential new outbreaks in the near future.
The computational framework for continuum-kinematics-inspired peridynamics
Authors: Javili A. , Firooz S. , McBride A. T. , Steinmann P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeridynamics (PD) is a non-local continuum formulation. The original version of PD was restricted to bond-based interactions. Bond-based PD is geometrically exact and its kinematics are similar to classical continuum mechanics (CCM). However, it cannot capture the Poisson effect correctly. This shortcoming was addressed via state-based PD, but the kinematics are not accurately preserved. Continuum-kinematics-inspired peridynamics (CPD) provides a geometrically exact framework whose underlying kinematics coincide with that of CCM and captures the Poisson effect correctly. In CPD, one distinguishes between one-, two- and three-neighbour interactions. One-neighbour interactions are equivalent to the bond-based interactions of the original PD formalism. However, two- and three-neighbour interactions are fundamentally different from state-based interactions as the basic elements of continuum kinematics are preserved precisely. The objective of this contribution is to elaborate on computational aspects of CPD and present detailed derivations that are essential for its implementation. Key features of the resulting computational CPD are elucidated via a series of numerical examples. These include three-dimensional problems at large deformations. The proposed strategy is robust and the quadratic rate of convergence associated with the Newton–Raphson scheme is observed.
Trends in temperature and precipitation extremes in historical (1961–1990) and projected (2061–2090) periods in a data scarce mountain basin, northern Pakistan
Authors: Saddique Naeem , Khaliq Abdul , Bernhofer Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the trends of precipitation and temperature extremes for the historical observations (1961–1990) and future period (2061–2090) in the Jhelum River Basin.
Future trends are estimated by using ensemble mean of three general circulation models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Therefore, statistical downscaling model has been used to downscale the future precipitation and temperature. A total of 15 precipitation and temperature indices were calculated using the RClimdex package. Man-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests were used to detect the trends in climate extreme indices. Overall, the results of study indicate that there were significant changes in precipitation and temperature patterns as well as in the climate extremes in the basin for both observed as well as projected climate. Generally, more warming and increase in precipitation were observed, which increases from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5. For all the stations, increasing trends were found for both precipitation and temperature for twenty-first century at a 95% significance level. The frequency of warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), and summer days (SU25) showed significant increasing trends, alternatively the number of cold nights (TN10p) and cold days (TX10p) exhibited opposite behaviors. In addition, an increasing trend of warmest day (TXx) and coldest day (TNn) was observed. Our analysis also reveals that the number of very wet days (R90p) and heavy precipitation days (R10 mm) will likely increase in the future. Meanwhile, the Max 1-day (RX1-day) and 5-day (RX5-day) precipitation indices showed increasing trends at most of the stations of basin. The results of the study is of potential benefit for decision-makers to develop basin wide appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures to combat climate change and its consequences.
Predicting preoperative pulmonary function in patients with thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from spinal and thoracic radiographic parameters
Authors: Farrell James , Garrido Enrique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective was to analyse the effect of thoracic morphology on pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to predict preoperative lung function.

Methods
A total of 170 consecutive preoperative patients (average age 15.1 years) with Lenke 1 and 2 AIS underwent pulmonary function testing. Thirteen deformity parameters, including rib hump size, rib asymmetry, spinal intrusion and thoracic/lung dimensions in the sagittal and coronal plane, were measured on whole-spine radiographs. Lung function parameters were expressed as z-scores. Correlation and regression analysis of these parameters with lung function were performed.

Results
Mean thoracic Cobb (MT) was 69.1°, and mean T5–T12 thoracic kyphosis (TK) was 21.8°. MT correlated significantly with FEV1 and FVC (rs = − 0.40 and − 0.38). TK correlated weakly with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (rs = 0.23 and 0.25). FEV1 and FVC were best predicted by the inverse apical vertebra body–rib ratio (AVBRr−1, rs = 0.46 and 0.42), rib hump depth index (RHDi, rs = − 0.52 and − 0.50) and spinal intrusion ratio (SIr, rs = − 0.50 and − 0.45). The kyphosis–lordosis index (KLi) correlated with FEV1/FVC (rs = 0.29). Multivariate regression analysis of coronal and sagittal Cobb angles produced a model which explained 35% and 30% of the variance in FEV1 and FVC, whilst a regression model consisting of AVBRr−1 and SIr was able to predict 54% and 48%.

Conclusion
AVBRr−1, RHDi and SIr measured on posterior–anterior and lateral radiographs provide better estimations of lung function in preoperative AIS patients than Cobb measurements. KLi was an indicator of airway obstruction as measured by FEV1/FVC.
A new self-designed “tongue root holder” device to aid fiberoptic intubation
Authors: Cao Xiaofei , Wu Junbei , Fang Yin , Ding Zhengnian , Qi Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of fiberoptic intubation (FOI), using a new, self-designed, “tongue root holder” device, in combination with the jaw thrust maneuver.

Methods
Three hundred patients undergoing elective surgery requiring orotracheal intubation were enrolled. Patients presented at least one or more risk factors for difficult airway. The patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: group L, FOI with tongue root holder, or group C, standard FOI. Orotracheal FOI was performed after commencement of anesthesia. The jaw thrust maneuver was applied in both groups to facilitate advancement of the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The primary endpoint was the feasibility of FOI. The secondary endpoints were number of attempts, time to intubation, and airway clearance at the soft palate and epiglottis levels.

Results
The FOI was achieved in all 150 patients in group L, significantly higher than that in group C (100% vs 95.3%; P = 0.015). Less attempts of intubation were made in group L (P = 0.039). Mean time to successful intubation on the first attempt was shorter in group L (P < 0.001). The mean times to view the vocal cord and carina were also shorter in group L (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001, respectively). Airway clearance was better in group L at both the soft palate and the glottis levels (P = 0.010 and P = 0.038, respectively).

Conclusions
This study shows that FOI is feasible with the newly introduced, self-designed, “tongue root holder” device, when combined with the jaw thrust maneuver in patients with risk factors for difficult airway. The device also provides better airway clearance, less intubation attempts, and shorter time to intubation at first attempt.

Clinical relevance
Fiberoptic bronchoscope has been the gold standard for routine management of difficult airway. A technique to open the airway is introduced to reduce the incidence rate of upper airway obstruction.
Persistence and regredience of intraspinal fluid collection determine symptom control in intracranial hypotension syndrome
Authors: Schnellbächer Gereon Johannes , Mull Michael , Reich Arno 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
An intraspinal fluid collection (ISFC) can be observed on spinal MRI in cases of intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS). The goal of this study was to analyze the possible persistence of ISFC after therapy and its correlation to clinical disease activity and secondary complications.

Materials and methods
Twenty patients in our database of 57 patients, who were treated for IHS between 2009 and 2015, fulfilled the inclusion criteria of (a) diagnosed and treated IHS as well as (b) an ISFC in MRI imaging. Ten of these participated in our study. We performed follow-up visits, which included a history, a clinical examination, and a spinal MRI.

Results
A MRI-confirmed ISFC was seen in six patients, five of which had symptoms attributable to chronic IHS. There were two cases of superficial siderosis. One patient had a persisting ISFC and was free of symptoms. Four patients did not have an ISFC and were free of symptoms (Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.048).

Conclusion
There is statistically significant correlation between the persistence of an ISFC after IHS treatment and ongoing clinical symptoms. Resolved symptoms seem to correlate with absorbed extradural ISFC and hypothetically closed leakage site. ISFC as confirmed by MRI proofs to be a reliable follow-up marker for disease activity in chronic IHS that is possibly even superior to clinical examination.
The AirSeal® insufflation device can entrain room air during routine operation
Authors: Weenink R. P. , Kloosterman M. , Hompes R. , Zondervan P. J. , Beerlage H. P. , Tanis P. J. , van Hulst R. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical procedures that use insufflation carry a risk of gas embolism, which is considered relatively harmless because of the high solubility of carbon dioxide. However, an in vitro study suggested that valveless insufflation devices may entrain non-medical room air into the surgical cavity. Our aim was to verify if this occurs in actual surgical procedures.

Methods
The oxygen percentage in the pneumoperitoneum or pneumorectum/pneumopelvis of eight patients operated with use of the AirSeal® was continuously measured, to determine the percentage of air in the total volume of the surgical cavity.

Results
Basal air percentage in the surgical cavity was 0–5%. During suctioning from the operative field air percentage increased to 45–65%.

Conclusions
The AirSeal® valveless insufflation device maintains optimal distension of the surgical cavity not only by insufflating carbon dioxide, but also by entraining room air, especially during suctioning from the operative field. This may theoretically lead to air embolism in patients operated on with this device.
Miniaturization of fluorescence sensing in optofluidic devices
Authors: Măriuţa Daniel , Colin Stéphane , Barrot-Lattes Christine , Le Calvé Stéphane , Korvink Jan G. , Baldas Lucien , Brandner Jürgen J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuccessful development of a micro-total-analysis system (µTAS, lab-on-a-chip) is strictly related to the degree of miniaturization, integration, autonomy, sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability of its detector. Fluorescence sensing is an optical detection method used for a large variety of biological and chemical assays, and its full integration within lab-on-a-chip devices remains a challenge. Important achievements were reported during the last few years, including improvements of previously reported methodologies, as well as new integration strategies. However, a universal paradigm remains elusive. This review considers achievements in the field of fluorescence sensing miniaturization, starting from off-chip approaches, representing miniaturized versions of their lab counter-parts, continuing gradually with strategies that aim to fully integrate fluorescence detection on-chip, and reporting the results around integration strategies based on optical-fiber-based designs, optical layer integrated designs, CMOS-based fluorescence sensing, and organic electronics. Further successful development in this field would enable the implementation of sensing networks in specific environments that, when coupled to Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), could provide real-time data collection and, therefore, revolutionize fields like health, environmental, and industrial sensing.
A joke on precision? Revisiting “precision” in the school mathematics discourse
Authors: Ryan Ulrika , Chronaki Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the place of precision in mathematics education by exploring its role in curricular guidelines and in classroom life. By means of a joke on precision delivered by a school student in South Sweden, our study focuses on student participation in mathematical tasks that require precision in processes of measuring and reasoning. The paper uses theories on humour and inferentialism to revisit the normative place of “precision” in mathematics classroom discourse.