bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the peculiar Type IIn SN 2012ab
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Turatto Massimo , Benetti Stefano , Misra Kuntal , Kumar Brajesh , Cappellaro Enrico , Pastorello Andrea , Tomasella Lina , Vanni Sabrina , Fiore Achille , Morales-Garoffolo A , Elias-Rosa Nancy , Singh Mridweeka , Dastidar Raya , Ochner Paolo , Tartaglia Leonardo , Kumar Brijesh , Pandey Shashi Bhushan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an extensive (∼1200 d) photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2012ab. After a rapid initial rise leading to a bright maximum (MR = −19.39 mag), the light curves show a plateau lasting about 2 months followed by a steep decline up to about 100 d. Only in the U band, the decline is constant in the same interval. At later phases, the light curves remain flatter than the 56Co decline, suggesting the increasing contribution of the interaction between SN ejecta with circumstellar material (CSM). Although heavily contaminated by emission lines of the host galaxy, the early spectral sequence (until 32 d) shows persistent narrow emissions, indicative of slow unshocked CSM, and the emergence of broad Balmer lines of hydrogen with P-Cygni profiles over a blue continuum, arising from a fast expanding SN ejecta. From about 2 months to ∼1200 d, the P-Cygni profiles are overcome by intermediate width emissions [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ∼6000  km s−1], produced in the shocked region due to interaction. On the red wing, a red bump appears after 76 d, likely a signature of the onset of interaction of the receding ejecta with the CSM. The presence of fast material both approaching and then receding is suggestive that we are observing the SN along the axis of a jet-like ejection in a cavity devoid of or uninterrupted by CSM in the innermost regions.
Diffuse galactic Gamma-rays from star clusters
Authors: Nath Biman B , Eichler David 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate that young star clusters have a γ-ray surface brightness comparable to that of the diffuse Galactic emission (DGE), and estimate that their sky coverage in the direction of the inner Galaxy exceeds unity. We therefore suggest that they comprise a significant fraction of the DGE.
Engineered signal-coupled inducible promoters: measuring the apparent RNA-polymerase resource budget
Authors: Davey James A , Wilson Corey J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInducible promoters are a central regulatory component in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and protein production for laboratory and commercial uses. Many of these applications utilize two or more exogenous promoters, imposing a currently unquantifiable metabolic burden on the living system. Here, we engineered a collection of inducible promoters (regulated by LacI-based transcription factors) that maximize the free-state of endogenous RNA polymerase (RNAP). We leveraged this collection of inducible promotors to construct simple two-channel logical controls that enabled us to measure metabolic burden – as it relates to RNAP resource partitioning. The two-channel genetic circuits utilized sets of signal-coupled transcription factors that regulate cognate inducible promoters in a coordinated logical fashion. With this fundamental genetic architecture, we evaluated the performance of each inducible promoter as discrete operations, and as coupled systems to evaluate and quantify the effects of resource partitioning. Obtaining the ability to systematically and accurately measure the apparent RNA-polymerase resource budget will enable researchers to design more robust genetic circuits, with significantly higher fidelity. Moreover, this study presents a workflow that can be used to better understand how living systems adapt RNAP resources, via the complementary pairing of constitutive and regulated promoters that vary in strength.
SpaGE: Spatial Gene Enhancement using scRNA-seq
Authors: Abdelaal Tamim , Mourragui Soufiane , Mahfouz Ahmed , Reinders Marcel J T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Single-cell technologies are emerging fast due to their ability to unravel the heterogeneity of biological systems. While scRNA-seq is a powerful tool that measures whole-transcriptome expression of single cells, it lacks their spatial localization. Novel spatial transcriptomics methods do retain cells spatial information but some methods can only measure tens to hundreds of transcripts. To resolve this discrepancy, we developed SpaGE, a method that integrates spatial and scRNA-seq datasets to predict whole-transcriptome expressions in their spatial configuration. Using five dataset-pairs, SpaGE outperformed previously published methods and showed scalability to large datasets. Moreover, SpaGE predicted new spatial gene patterns that are confirmed independently using in situ hybridization data from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas.
Radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging predicts brain metastases velocity and clinical outcome after upfront radiosurgery
Authors: Hsu Che-Yu , Xiao Furen , Liu Kao-Lang , Chen Ting-Li , Lee Yueh-Chou , Wang Weichung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Brain metastasis velocity (BMV) predicts outcomes after initial distant brain failure (DBF) following upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We developed an integrated model of clinical predictors and pre-SRS MRI-derived radiomic scores (R-scores) to identify high-BMV (BMV-H) patients upon initial identification of brain metastases (BMs).

Methods
In total, 256 patients with BMs treated with upfront SRS alone were retrospectively included. R-scores were built from 1246 radiomic features in 2 target volumes by using the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm to predict BMV-H groups, as defined by BMV at least 4 or leptomeningeal disease at first DBF. Two R-scores and 3 clinical predictors were integrated into a predictive clinico-radiomic (CR) model.

Results
The related R-scores showed signiﬁcant differences between BMV-H and low BMV (BMV-L), as defined by BMV less than 4 or no DBF (P &lt; .001). Regression analysis identiﬁed BMs number, perilesional edema, and extracranial progression as significant predictors. The CR model using these 5 predictors achieved a bootstrapping corrected C-index of 0.842 and 0.832 in the discovery and test sets, respectively. Overall survival (OS) after first DBF was signiﬁcantly different between the CR-predicted BMV-L and BMV-H groups (median OS: 26.7 vs 13.0 months, P = .016). Among patients with a diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment of 1.5–2 or 2.5–4, the median OS after initial SRS was 33.8 and 67.8 months for CR-predicted BMV-L, compared to 13.5 and 31.0 months for CR-predicted BMV-H (P &lt; .001 and &lt;.001), respectively.

Conclusion
Our CR model provides a novel approach showing good performance to predict BMV and clinical outcomes.
Loosely trapped surface and dynamically transversely trapping surface in Einstein–Maxwell systems
Authors: Lee Kangjae , Shiromizu Tetsuya , Yoshino Hirotaka , Izumi Keisuke , Tomikawa Yoshimune 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the properties of the loosely trapped surface (LTS) and the dynamically transversely trapping surface (DTTS) in Einstein–Maxwell systems. These concepts of surfaces were proposed by four of the present authors in order to characterize strong gravity regions. We prove the Penrose-like inequalities for the area of LTSs/DTTSs. Interestingly, although the naively expected upper bound for the area is that of the photon sphere of a Reissner–Nordström black hole with the same mass and charge, the obtained inequalities include corrections represented by the energy density or pressure/tension of electromagnetic fields. Due to this correction, the Penrose-like inequality for the area of LTSs is tighter than the naively expected one. We also evaluate the correction term numerically in the Majumdar–Papapetrou two-black-hole spacetimes.
Searching optimum equations of state of neutron star matter in strong magnetic fields with rotation
Authors: Watanabe C , Yanase K , Yoshinaga N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Masses and radii of neutron stars are obtained in the presence of strong magnetic fields together with rotation. Mass-radius relations are calculated using 11 equations of state (EoSs: GM1, TM1-a, TM1-b, TM2$\omega\rho$-a, TM2$\omega\rho$-b, NL3-a, NL3-b, NL3$\omega\rho$-a, NL3$\omega\rho$-b, DDME2-a and DDME2-b) in relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. Obtained masses are over and around twice the solar mass ($M_\odot$) for all EoSs in the presence of strong magnetic fields of $3 \times 10^{18}$ G at the center. For NL3$\omega\rho$-a and NL3$\omega\rho$-b EoSs, masses are more than $M=2.17\,M_\odot$(observed maximum mass: $2.14\,M_\odot$) even without magnetic fields. Rotational effects are found to be insignificant in any case, at least up to the Kepler frequency. Suitable EoSs are also selected concerning the constraint on the radius of a neutron star.
COVID-19: spiritual interventions for the living and the dead
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In a recently published correspondence to the editor of this journal, the authors have called for a need to address the risk and dangers of preparing of funeral directors in handling the dead. This paper provides an urgent appeal to the medical community to include the issue of religious or spiritual interventions for the living and the dead. However, a question is raised: what kind and form of spiritual or religious interventions can the religious leaders come up with? The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, providing assistance in their healing process and giving spiritual support to the bereaved family members.
Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile systemic sclerosis
Authors: Foeldvari Ivan , Culpo Roberta , Sperotto Francesca , Anton Jordi , Avcin Tadej , Baildam Eileen , Boros Christina , Chaitow Jeffrey , Constantin Tamas , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Knupp Feitosa de Oliveira Sheila , Pilkington Clarissa , Toplak Natasa , van Royen Annet , Saad Magalhaes Claudia , Vastert Sebastiaan J , Wulffraat Nico , Zulian Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) is a rare disease of childhood and currently no international consensus exists with regard to its assessment and treatment. This SHARE (Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe) initiative, based on expert opinion informed by the best available evidence, provides recommendations for the assessment and treatment of patients with JSSc with a view to improving their outcome. Experts focused attention not only on the skin assessment but also on the early signs of internal organ involvement whose proper treatment can significantly affect the long-term outcome. A score for disease severity is proposed in order to perform a structured assessment of outcome over time but a validation in a wider patient population is recommended. Finally, a stepwise treatment approach is proposed in order to unify the standard of care throughout Europe with the aim to reduce morbidity and mortality in this disease.
Longitudinal Patterns of Pain Reporting Among Community-dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Rundell Sean D. , Phelan Elizabeth A. , Patel Kushang V. , Jones Bobby L. , Marcum Zachary A. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:The objective of this study was to identify and describe long-term trajectories of bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain in a population-based sample of older adults.Materials and Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6783 community-dwelling participants using 6 years of longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). NHATS is a cohort of older adults that is representative of Medicare Beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. NHATS data collection began in 2011, and demographic and health data are collected annually through in-person interviews. Participants were asked if they had bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain in the past month. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify longitudinal patterns of bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain over 6 years. We used weighted, multinomial logistic regression to examine associations with each trajectory.Results:The cohort was 57% female, 68% white, and 58% were 75 years and older. Four trajectories were identified for the probability of bothersome pain: persistently high (n=1901, 35%), increasing (n=898, 17%), decreasing (n=917, 17%), and low (n=1735, 32%). Similar trajectories were identified for activity-limiting pain: persistently high (n=721, 13%), increasing (n=812, 15%), decreasing (n=677, 12%), and low (n=3241, 60%). The persistently high bothersome and activity-limiting pain groups had worse health characteristics, were more likely to have fallen in the past year, and had slower gait speed and worse physical capacity compared with the low groups.Discussion:Approximately one half of older adults had a high or increasing probability of long-term bothersome pain, and over one quarter had a high or increasing probability of long-term activity-limiting pain.
Scarf and Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus
Authors: Hariharan Kartik , Ramesh Pal 
Published: August 2020

Surgical treatment of hallux valgus by scarf and akin osteotomy has dramatically changed the outcomes since its introduction few decades ago. These procedures provide a stable construct and pain relief, significantly improving the patient journey. Despite the advent of newer options, the scarf osteotomy is continuing to be a popular procedure, especially among European foot and ankle surgeons. The authors describe this versatile procedure in details with a review of 39 patients with a minimum of 6 months follow-up.Level of Evidence:Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Influenza A virus exposure may cause increased symptom severity and deaths in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Hu Zhan-Wei , Wang Xi , Zhao Jian-Ping , Ma Jing , Li Hai-Chao , Wang Guang-Fa , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred during the flu season around the world. This study aimed to analyze the impact of influenza A virus (IAV) exposure on COVID-19.

Methods
Seventy COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital during January and February 2020 in Wuhan, China were included in this retrospective study. Serum tests including respiratory pathogen immunoglobulin M (IgM) and inflammation biomarkers were performed upon admission. Patients were divided into common, severe, and critical types according to disease severity. Symptoms, inflammation indices, disease severity, and fatality rate were compared between anti-IAV IgM-positive and anti-IAV IgM-negative groups. The effects of the empirical use of oseltamivir were also analyzed in both groups. For comparison between groups, t tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used according to data distribution. The Chi-squared test was used to compare disease severity and fatality between groups.

Results
Thirty-two (45.71%) of the 70 patients had positive anti-IAV IgM. Compared with the IAV-negative group, the positive group showed significantly higher proportions of female patients (59.38% vs. 34.21%, χ
2 = 4.43, P = 0.035) and patients with fatigue (59.38% vs. 34.21%, χ
2 = 4.43, P = 0.035). The levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (median 791.00 vs. 1075.50 IU/mL, Z = −2.70, P = 0.007) and tumor necrosis factor α (median 10.75 vs. 11.50 pg/mL, Z = −2.18, P = 0.029) were significantly lower in the IAV-positive group. Furthermore, this group tended to have a higher proportion of critical patients (31.25% vs. 15.79%, P = 0.066) and a higher fatality rate (21.88% vs. 7.89%, P = 0.169). Notably, in the IAV-positive group, patients who received oseltamivir had a significantly lower fatality rate (0 vs. 36.84%, P = 0.025) compared with those not receiving oseltamivir.

Conclusions
The study suggests that during the flu season, close attention should be paid to the probability of IAV exposure in COVID-19 patients. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify whether IAV increases the fatality rate of COVID-19 and to elucidate any benefits of empirical usage of oseltamivir.
Role of immunodeficiency in Acinetobacter baumannii associated pneumonia in mice
Authors: Liu Ai-Ran , Du Wen-Jing , Xie Jian-Feng , Xu Jing-Yuan , Huang Ying-Zi , Qiu Hai-Bo , Yang Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has become one of the most important opportunistic pathogens inducing nosocomial pneumonia and increasing mortality in critically ill patients recently. The interaction between A. baumannii infection and immune response can influence the prognosis of A. baumannii related pneumonia. The target of the present study was to investigate the role of immunodeficiency in A. baumannii induced pneumonia.

Methods
Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal immunity control (NIC) group, normal immunity infection (NIA) group, immune compromised control (CIC) group, and immune compromised infection (CIA) group (n = 15 for each group). Intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and intranasal instillation of A. baumannii solution were used to induce compromised immunity and murine pneumonia, respectively. The mice were sacrificed at 6 and 24 h later and the specimens were collected for further tests. Seven-day mortality of mice was also assessed.

Results
After A. baumannii stimulation, the recruitment of neutrophils in mice with normal immunity increased sharply (P
= 0.030 at 6 h), while there was no significant raise of neutrophil counts in mice with compromised immune condition (P
= 0.092 at 6 h, P
= 0.772 at 24 h). The Th cell polarization presented with pulmonary interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ level in response to the A. baumannii in CIA group were significantly depressed in comparison with in NIA group (IFN-γ: P
= 0.003 at 6 h; P
= 0.001 at 24 h; IL-4: P
< 0.001 at 6 h; P
< 0.001 at 24 h). The pulmonary conventional dendritic cell accumulation was even found to be inhibited after A. baumannii infection in immunocompromised mice (P
= 0.033). Correspondingly, A. baumannii associated pneumonia in mice with compromised immunity caused more early stage death, more severe histopathological impairment in lung.

Conclusion

A. baumannii could frustrate the immune response in immunocompromised conditions, and this reduced immune response is related to more severe lung injury and worse outcome in A. baumannii induced pneumonia.
Comparison of Antihypertensive Drug Classes for Dementia Prevention
Authors: Walker Venexia M. , Davies Neil M. , Martin Richard M. , Kehoe Patrick G. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Hypertension in midlife is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia late in life. In addition, some antihypertensive drugs have been proposed to have cognitive benefits, independent of their effect on hypertension. Consequently, there is potential to repurpose antihypertensive drugs for the prevention of dementia. This study systematically compared seven antihypertensive drug classes for this purpose, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Methods:
We assessed treatments for hypertension in an instrumental variable analysis to address potential confounding and reverse causation. We used physicians’ prescribing preference as an ordinal instrument, defined by the physicians’ last seven prescriptions. Participants considered were new antihypertensive users between 1996 and 2016, aged 40 and over.

Results:
We analyzed 849,378 patients, with total follow up of 5,497,266 patient-years. We estimated that β-adrenoceptor blockers and vasodilator antihypertensives conferred small protective effects—for example, β-adrenoceptor blockers were associated with 13 (95% confidence interval = 6, 20) fewer cases of any dementia per 1000 treated compared with other antihypertensives.

Conclusions:
We estimated small differences in the effects of antihypertensive drug classes on dementia outcomes. We also show that the magnitude of the differences between drug classes is smaller than that previously reported. Future research should look to implement other causal analysis methods to address biases in conventional observational research, with the ultimate aim of triangulating the evidence concerning this hypothesis.
Artificial iris exchange
Authors: Bahadur Gavin G. , Miller Kevin M. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To describe the indications, motivations, and outcomes of artificial iris exchange.

Setting:
Stein Eye Institute.

Design:
Consecutive case series.

Methods:
Review of medical records of patients implanted with an artificial iris device who underwent a subsequent artificial iris exchange.

Results:
Five patients were identified: 4 women and 1 man. Their ages ranged from 19 to 58 years at the time of the exchange. One patient had congenital aniridia; the other 4 had acquired iris defects. Three exchanges were simultaneous; 2 were consecutive. Corneal decompensation was the most common indication for the surgery precipitating the exchange. Explanted iris devices included models from Ophtec, Morcher, BrightOcular, and HumanOptics. Replacement models were from Morcher and HumanOptics. Three of the original irides were passively fixated in the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus. All of the replacement irides were suture-fixated to the sclera, either directly or secondarily by way of an intraocular lens. The motivation for the exchange was improved cosmesis in 4 patients and sustained cosmesis in 1 patient. Final visual acuities were 20/25 for 2 patients, 20/100 for 1 patient, and hand motion for 2 patients.

Conclusions:
No 2 iris exchanges were similar. Clinical indications and outcomes varied considerably from patient to patient. A common thread was each patient's motivation to maintain or improve on the functional and cosmetic benefits of having been previously implanted with an artificial iris device. Final visual acuity results were often poor because of the effects of comorbidities, especially glaucoma and corneal decompensation.
Preliminary assessment of video-based blood pressure measurement according to ANSI/AAMI/ISO81060-2:2013 guideline accuracy criteria: Anura smartphone app with transdermal optimal imaging technology
Authors: Yang Deye , Xiao Guomin , Wei Jing , Luo Hong 
Published: August 2020

Objective
A new smartphone app called Anura can measure blood pressure (BP) any time and any place without cuffs or special equipment from video of the face. This study assessed its accuracy in close conformity with the American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/International Organization for Standardization (ANSI/AAMI/ISO) 81060-2:2013 standard for BP measurement devices.

Methods
We validated Anura in reference to auscultation using a mercury sphygmomanometer and then assessed accuracy against the two accuracy criteria described in the guideline (n = 85 subjects; three measurement pairs per subject).

Results
The mean difference between the Anura measurement and its paired auscultatory reference measurement across all 255 measurement pairs was –0.4 ± 6.7 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.2 ± 7.0 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Both are within the acceptable limit of 5 ± 8 mmHg and thus satisfy accuracy criterion 1. When mean differences are averaged for each subject, the mean across all 85 subjects is –0.4 ± 5.8 mmHg for SBP and 1.2 ± 6.7 mmHg for DBP. Both are within acceptable limits (based on the mean difference) and thus satisfy accuracy criterion 2.

Conclusions
Anura meets ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 standard with respect to BP measurement accuracy. As the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2013 standard has not been developed for cuffless devices, further research assessing additional accuracy issues specific to such devices is needed.