bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliance on Acute Care Settings for Health Care Utilization
Authors: Goyal Monika K. , Richardson Troy , Masonbrink Abbey , Reed Jennifer L. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Hall Matt , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
Because a goal of the Affordable Care Act was to increase preventive care and reduce high-cost care, the objective of this study was to evaluate current health care use and reliance on acute care settings among Medicaid-enrolled children.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of the 2015 Truven Marketscan Medicaid claims database among children 0 to 21 years old with at least 11 months of continuous enrollment. We calculated adjusted probabilities of health care use (any health care use and ≥1 health maintenance visit) and high acute care reliance (ratio of emergency department or urgent care visits to all health care visits >0.33) by age and compared use between adolescents and younger children using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of the 5,182,540 Medicaid-enrolled children, 18.9% had no health care visits and 47.3% had 1 or more health maintenance visit in 2015. Both health care use and health maintenance visits decreased with increasing age (P < 0.001). Compared with younger children (0–10 years old), adolescents were more likely to have no interaction with the health care system [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.19–2.21] and less likely to have health maintenance visits (aOR, 0.40; 0.39–0.40). High acute care reliance was associated with increasing age, with adolescents having greater odds of high acute care reliance (aOR, 1.08; 1.08–1.09).

Conclusions
Medicaid-enrolled adolescents have low rates of health care use and have high reliance on acute care settings. Further investigation into adolescent-specific barriers to health maintenance care and drivers for acute care is warranted.
Starvation Ketosis in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Millar Robert , Chiappazzo Amelia , Palmer Bethany 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
Starvation ketosis may occur in children during intercurrent illnesses due to metabolic adaptation to fasting, resulting in significant ketonemia and sometimes ketoacidosis. Also known as accelerated starvation, common symptoms are vomiting, lethargy, and seizures. Previous studies found the prevalence of ketotic hypoglycemia to be 4 per 100,000 presentations to the emergency department (ED). We hypothesized that the prevalence had been underestimated due to the retrospective nature and restricted definitions of previous studies. Our aim was to determine if a prospective study would confirm a higher prevalence of starvation ketosis in pediatric patients presenting to the ED.

Methods
A prospective observational study of consecutive patients was performed in an urban pediatric ED utilizing point-of-care testing of capillary blood glucose and ketones in symptomatic children.

Results
This study found the prevalence of clinically significant ketosis (defined as beta-hydroxybutyrate 2.5 mmol/L or more) to be approximately 1800 per 100,000 ED presentations, with more than 170 per 100,000 also being hypoglycemic. Affected patients were 3 months to 9 years of age. Fifty-five percent of the presentations were boys, and 56% were under the 50th centile for weight.

Conclusions
This prospective observational study using a targeted testing regimen found the prevalence of both starvation ketosis and hypoglycemia to be much greater than previous studies which used retrospective analyses. A simple capillary test for ketones should be considered in unwell children younger than 10 years who present with vomiting or lethargy, as this may identify the need for specific therapy to resolve ketosis.
Making the Most of Big Data in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Gibson John A. G. , Dobbs Thomas D. , Kouzaris Loukas , Lacey Arron , Thompson Simon , Akbari Ashley , Hutchings Hayley A. , Lineaweaver William C. , Lyons Ronan A. , Whitaker Iain S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In medicine, “big data” refers to the interdisciplinary analysis of high-volume, diverse clinical and lifestyle information on large patient populations. Recent advancements in data storage and electronic record keeping have enabled the expansion of research in this field. In the United Kingdom, Big data has been highlighted as one of the government's “8 Great Technologies,” and the Medical Research Council has invested more than £100 million since 2012 in developing the Health Data Research UK infrastructure. The recent Royal College of Surgeons Commission of the Future of Surgery concluded that analysis of big data is one of the 4 most likely avenues to bring some of the most innovative changes to surgical practice in the 21st century.
In this article, we provide an overview of the nascent field of big data analytics in plastic and highlight how it has the potential to improve outcomes, increase safety, and aid service planning.
We outline the current resources available, the emerging role of big data within the subspecialties of burns, microsurgery, skin and breast cancer, and how these data can be used. We critically review the limitations and considerations raised with big data, offer suggestions regarding database optimization, and suggest future directions for research in this exciting field.
Characterization of Face Transplant Candidates Evaluated at Cleveland Clinic and Algorithm to Maximize Efficacy of Screening Process
Authors: Knackstedt Rebecca , Siemionow Maria , Papay Frank , Djohan Risal , Priebe Debra , Gastman Brian 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
As a high-volume referral center for facial transplantation, we have learned significantly from the screening, evaluation, and enrollment process. This report analyzes our algorithm for the assessment of potential face transplant candidates referred to our institution.

Methods
After institutional review board approval in 2004, a prospectively maintained database was created for patients who were referred face transplant. Records were reviewed for the nature of tissue defect, functional deficit, surgical and medical history, and expert recommendations.
Our algorithm begins with a review of a patient's file with a focus on institutional review board criteria. After screening, a phone interview is conducted, and transplantation is discussed. Patients are presented to the team to analyze the medical, psychiatric, and surgical history; support network; and geographic location. Eligible patients are invited for an in-person evaluation, and the case is reviewed again with the team. If approved, the patient can provide consent for transplantation.

Results
More than 200 patients were referred for transplant evaluation at the Cleveland Clinic from 2004 to 2016. Sixty were eligible for further evaluation for face transplantation based on preliminary screening. Thirteen (6.5% of original cohort) were invited for in-person evaluation and physical examination. Five (2.5% of original cohort, 38.4% invited cohort) of these 13 patients underwent face transplantation, of whom, 3 (1.5% of original cohort, 23.1% invited cohort) underwent face transplantation at our institution. All 3 patients who were ultimately transplanted were referred by a physician.

Discussion
As the availability of public information on face transplant increases, it is likely that an increase in self-referral for face transplantation will occur. Thus, it is critical that institutions adopt a systematic approach to triage in order to identify appropriate patients. Our algorithm allowed for a high enrollment and transplantation ratio to save patient and institution time and resources. This could be easily adopted by other institutions to save time, money, and resources.
New Solutions to Improve the Accuracy of the Navigation-Guided Foreign Body Removal in Craniomaxillofacial Deep Space
Authors: Zhang Chuxi , Wu Jinyang , Yang Chengshuai , Liu Nian , Hui Wenyu , Zhang Yong , Zhang Shilei 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Surgical navigation-guided removal of foreign bodies in the craniomaxillofacial region has been proven to be an effective method. However, there have been some unsuccessful patients due to reduced navigation accuracy or complicated and undetectable anatomy. This article summarizes the experience and proposes some solutions to achieve better results.

Study design:
Two solutions were proposed to optimize the surgical navigation procedure: using a 3-dimensionally printed customized mandible retainer to indirectly maintain the consistency of the foreign body's visual images of preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation and importing real-time endoscopic imaging during surgery to provide vision under complex anatomy. Two patients were selected for each method.

Results:
The foreign bodies were successfully and minimally invasively removed in all patients assisted by optimized surgical navigation. During follow-up at 3 to 6 months postoperatively, no complications were found.

Conclusion:
Improving navigation accuracy and providing real vision might be effective at compensating for insufficient navigation due to navigation positioning errors or the interference of imperceptible and complicated anatomy.
Combination Laser Treatment With Real-Time Ultrasound Navigation for Oral Venous Malformations
Authors: Noguchi Tadahide , Konno Yu , Sugiura Yasushi , Dohi Akihiro , Okada Naruo , Sasaguri Ken-ichi , Oyatsu Yukio , Fujita Akifumi , Miyazaki Hidetaka , Mori Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vascular lesions, including hemangiomas and vascular malformations, are common benign diseases. More than 50% originate from blood vessels or vascular structures and are locate in the head and neck region. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of a combination of laser treatments for oral venous malformations using ultrasound navigation. This study reports 3 cases of massive vascular malformation in the oral cavity, which were treated by a combination of a multiple spotted transmucosal irradiation technique (the so-called leopard technique) for the superficial layer, and intralesional photocoagulation for the deep layer using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, under real-time ultrasound navigation. All cases presented with a venous malformation with multiple blue swellings on the dorsum of the tongue, which had a maximum dimension of over 30 mm. The percent reduction in the size of the lesions was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. All cases showed a decrease in lesion volume of over 80%, without extensive tissue necrosis, 6 to 12 months after the laser treatment. None of the patients experienced any complications, and all were satisfied with the treatment outcome after one irradiation session.
The results of this study suggest that laser treatment using ultrasound navigation is a promising approach for the safe and minimally invasive resolution of oral vascular lesions without scarring and loss of normal tissue architecture, sensation, oral function.
Comparison of Glenoid Fossa Morphology Between Different Sagittal Skeletal Pattern Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Khademi Bahar , Karandish Maryam , Paknahad Maryam , Farmani Somaye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Morphology of glenoid fossa might help the clinician in the diagnosis, establishing more biological treatment modalities and treatment response between patients with different skeletal malocclusions. This study aimed to assess the glenoid fossa morphology in different sagittal facial types using CBCT. The CBCT images of 64 patients with normal vertical growth patterns were classified into class I, class II, and class III based on the skeletal sagittal analysis. Depth, width, and angle of glenoid fossa were measured and assessed on CBCT images. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test were used to compare mean values among the groups. There was a significant statistical difference in means of glenoid fossa’ width between groups with skeletal class III and skeletal class I (P value: 0.038). However, no significant statistical differences were found in angle(P value = 0.18) and depth (P value = 0.40) of glenoid fossa among 3 groups. This study showed the glenoid fossa in class I patients was wider than class III patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the angle and depth of glenoid fossa in patients with a different sagittal skeletal pattern.
Lichenicoccus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., the first bacteriochlorophyll a-containing, psychrophilic and acidophilic Acetobacteraceae bacteriobiont of lichen Cladonia species
Authors: Pankratov Timofey A. , Grouzdev Denis S. , Patutina Ekaterina O. , Kolganova Tatiana V. , Berestovskaya Julia J. , Ashikhmin Aleksandr A. 
Published: July 2020

Gram-negative, aerobic, chemo-organotrophic and bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacterial strains, KEBCLARHB70RT, KAMCLST3051 and KAMCLST3152, were isolated from the thalli of Cladonia arbuscula and Cladonia stellaris lichens. Cells from the strains were coccoid and reproduced by binary division. They were motile at the early stages of growth and utilized sugars and alcohols. All strains were psychrophilic and acidophilic, capable of growth between pH 3.5 and 7.5 (optimum, pH 5.5), and at 4–30 °C (optimum, 10–15 °C). The major fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c and C18 : 0; the lipids were phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, diphosphatidylglycerol and polar lipids with an unknown structure. The quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 67.8 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis together with other data, supported that the strains, KEBCLARHB70RT, KAMCLST3051 and KAMCLST3152 belonged to the same species. Whole genome analysis of the strain KEBCLARHB70RT and average amino acid identity values confirmed its distinctive phylogenetic position within the family

Acetobacteraceae

. Phenotypic, ecological and genomic characteristics distinguished strains KEBCLARHB70RT, KAMCLST3051 and KAMCLST3152 from all genera in the family

Acetobacteraceae

. Therefore, we propose a novel genus and a novel species, Lichenicoccus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., for these novel

Acetobacteraceae

members. Strain KEBCLARHB70RT (=KCTC 72321T=VKM B-3305T) has been designated as the type strain.
Empirical non-linear modeling & forecast of global daily deaths of COVID-19 pandemic & evidence that a “third wave” is beginning to decay
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Jorge 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe present COVID-19 pandemic (C19P) is challenging our socities all over the world. In this work, based on massive health information daily updated, the C19P daily death numbers at a global level, are modelled, analyzed and forecasted.MethodsTwo empirical models are proposed to explain daily death (DD) records: a) self-similar (SS) recurrences of the global responses, and b) geometric averaging of two independent SS models for global DD records.FindingsThe detected self-similar recurrences in the global response suggest three global “self-similar waves” that support multi-month forecasts of the DD numbers. However, there are upper and lower-limit SS forecast DD scenarios that were jointly integrated with a geometrical average (GA) model, that support the existence of a moderated “third wave”, with a decaying stage for the next months (July-September 2020). It appears that the “third world” (South America [SAM]+Asia [ASI] +Africa [AFR]), is the actual “big player”, (following China, and Europe [EUR]+North America [NAM]) with its biggest contribution to a global “third wave” (W3) of C19P.ConclusionThe empirical global modeling of the C19P has suggested us a possible moderated W3 scenario, with contributions mainly coming from the third world people. This moderated W3 scenario, after to be calibrated with the last weeks, has provided to stakeholders of significant data and criteria to define, sustain and support plans for the next months, based on data and self-similarities. These scenarios provide a well-based perspective on non-linear dynamics of C19P, that will complement the standard health and economic models.
Genome-wide identification of novel long non-coding RNAs and their possible roles in hypoxic zebrafish brain
Authors: Banerjee Bodhisattwa , Koner Debaprasad , Karasik David , Saha Nirmalendu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the master regulators of numerous biological processes. Hypoxia causes oxidative stress with severe and detrimental effects on brain function and acts as a critical initiating factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). From the RNA-Seq in the forebrain (Fb), midbrain (Mb), and hindbrain (Hb) regions of hypoxic and normoxic zebrafish, we identified novel lncRNAs, whose potentialcistargets showed involvement in neuronal development and differentiation pathways. Under hypoxia, several lncRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed. Co-expression studies indicated that the Fb and Hb regions’ potential lncRNA target genes were involved in the AD pathogenesis. In contrast, those in Mb (cry1b, per1a, cipca) were responsible for regulating circadian rhythm. We identified specific lncRNAs present in the syntenic regions between zebrafish and humans, possibly functionally conserved. We thus identified several conserved lncRNAs as the probable regulators of AD genes (adrb3b, cav1, stat3, bace2, apoeb, psen1, s100b).
Intraspecies diversity reveals a subset of highly variable plant immune receptors and predicts their binding sites
Authors: Prigozhin Daniil M , Krasileva Ksenia V 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvolution of recognition specificities by the immune system depends on the generation of receptor diversity, and connecting binding of new antigens with initiation of downstream signalling. In plant immunity, these functions are enabled by the family of innate Nucleotide-Binding Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) receptors. In this paper we surveyed the NLR complements of 62 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana and 54 lines of Brachypodium distachyon and identified a limited number of NLR subfamilies responsible for generation of new receptor specificities. We show that the predicted specificity-determining residues cluster on the surfaces of Leucine Rich Repeat domains, but the location of the clusters varies between NLR subfamilies. By comparing NLR phylogeny, allelic diversity, and known functions of the Arabidopsis NLRs, we formulate a hypothesis for emergence of direct and indirect pathogen sensing receptors, and of the autoimmune NLRs. These findings reveal the recurring patterns of evolution of innate immunity and inform NLR engineering efforts.
Imaging Renal Ultrastructure using a Fast and Simple Optical Clearing and Swelling Protocol
Authors: Unnersjö-Jess David , Butt Linus , Höhne Martin , Witasp Anna , Kühne Lucas , Hoyer Peter F. , Patrakka Jaakko , Brinkkötter Paul T. , Wernerson Annika , Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas , Scott Lena , Brismar Hjalmar , Blom Hans 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMany light-microscopy protocols have in recent years been published for visualization of ultrastructure in the kidney. These protocols present researchers with new tools to evaluate both foot process anatomy and effacement, as well as protein distributions in foot processes, the slit diaphragm and in the GBM. However, these protocols either involve the application of different complicated super-resolution microscopes or lengthy sample preparation protocols. We here present a fast and simple, 5-hour long procedure for the full three-dimensional visualization of podocyte foot processes using conventional confocal microscopy. The protocol combines and optimizes different optical clearing and tissue expansion concepts to produce a mild swelling, sufficient for resolving foot processes using a diffraction-limited confocal microscope. We further show that the protocol can be used for common visualization of large-scale renal histology, pathology, and kidney protein distributions. Thus, we believe that our fast and simple protocol can be beneficial for routine conventional microscopic evaluation of kidney tissue integrity both in research and in the clinic.
Soil microbial composition varies in response to coffee agroecosystem management
Authors: Jurburg Stephanie D. , Shek Katherine L. , McGuire Krista 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSoil microbes are essential to the continued productivity of sustainably-managed agroecosystems. In shade coffee plantations, the relationship between soil microbial composition, soil nutrient availability, and coffee productivity have been demonstrated, but the effect of management on the composition of the soil microbial communities remains relatively unexplored. To further understand how management modulates the soil microbiome, we surveyed the soil fungal and bacterial communities, as well as soil chemistry and canopy composition in a Nicaraguan coffee cooperative, across 19 individual farms. Using amplicon sequencing, we found that management (organic or conventional), stand age, and previous land use strongly affected the soil microbiome, albeit in different ways. Bacterial communities were most strongly associated with soil chemistry, while fungal communities were more strongly associated with the composition of the canopy and historical land use of the coffee plantation. Notably, both fungal and bacterial richness decreased with stand age. In addition to revealing the first in-depth characterization of the soil microbiome in coffee plantations in Nicaragua, our results highlight how fungal and bacterial communities are simultaneously modulated by long-term land use legacies (i.e., an agricultural plot’s previous land use) and short-term press disturbance (i.e., farm age).One-sentence-summaryThe composition of soil fungal and bacteria communities in shade coffee plantations depend on the combination of the farm’s management type, its previous land use, and the coffee plants’ stand age, but are differently influenced by each.