bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Immobilized Amine Transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis under Flow Conditions for the Synthesis of (S)‐1‐(5‐Fluoropyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐ethanamine
Authors: Semproli Riccardo , Vaccaro Gianmarco , Ferrandi Erica E. , Vanoni Marta , Bavaro Teodora , Marrubini Giorgio , Annunziata Francesca , Conti Paola , Speranza Giovanna , Monti Daniela , Tamborini Lucia , Ubiali Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report on the covalent immobilization of the (S)‐selective amine transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis (Vf‐ATA) and its use in the synthesis of (S)‐1‐(5‐fluoropyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐ethanamine, a key intermediate of the JAK2 kinase inhibitor AZD1480. Immobilized Vf‐ATA on glyoxyl‐agarose (activity recovery: 30 %) was used in a packed‐bed reactor to set‐up a continuous flow biotransformation coupled with a straightforward in‐line purification to circumvent the 2‐step process described in literature for the batch reaction. The newly developed biotransformation was run in a homogeneous system including dimethyl carbonate as a green co‐solvent. Optically pure (S)‐1‐(5‐fluoropyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐ethanamine (ee >99 %) was isolated in 35 % yield.
Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Succinic Acid: Reaction Network and Kinetics
Authors: Heisig Carina , Diedenhoven Jelka , Jensen Christopher , Gehrke Helmut , Turek Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe conversion of bio‐based succinic acid (SA) to the value‐added chemicals 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) can replace the corresponding petrochemical production routes to achieve a sustainable process. The reaction network for aqueous‐phase catalytic hydrogenation of succinic acid over a supported Re‐Pd catalyst was identified and the reaction kinetics was determined. With the developed kinetic model, the composition of the product mixture regarding the desired products (BDO, GBL, THF) can be described as a function of educt concentration, temperature, and pressure. The maximum BDO yield was achieved at high pressure and low temperature, while low pressure and high temperature favored GBL and THF production.
Improving the Electrochemical Performance of Li2RuO3through Chemical Substitution: A Case Study of (x)LiCoO2‐(1‐x)Li2RuO3Solid Solution (x≤0.4)
Authors: Neelakantaiah Ramesha R. , Dasari Bosu Babu , Ette Pedda Masthanaiah , Ramesha Kannadka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present work reports an enhancement in the electrochemical properties of Li2RuO3by Co+3substitution. We explore the Li1.33‐x/3Ru0.66‐2x/3CoxO2series (in the solid solution notation (x)LiCoO2‐(1‐x)Li2RuO3) forx≤0.4 by partial substitution of Co+3for both Ru+4and Li+in the metal layer; in this way, creation of oxygen non‐stoichiometry is avoided. Powder XRD reveals that an increase in the cobalt content in the series leads to a structural transformation from monoclinic to rhombohedral phase, owing to increased cation disorder in the metal layer. Cyclic voltammetric scans shows clear evidence for decreased oxygen evolution for Co‐substituted samples. Thex=0.3 member delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 232 mAh g−1and, after the 100thcycle, 85 % capacity retention is observed. Furthermore, the rate capability is also significantly improved by Co substitution. Li+removal during the first charge is more than expected by counting on cation oxidation alone, demonstrating the participation of anion redox. Interestingly, thex=0.2 and 0.3 members of the series Li1.33‐x/3Ru0.66‐2x/3CoxO2show better Li reversibility upon long‐term cycling, endorsing the beneficial effect of Co+3in stabilizing the layered structure during electrochemical cycling.
Processing and properties of a low‐fire, high‐thermal‐conductivity alumina with CuTiNb2O8
Authors: Liu Hsuan‐Hao , Jean Jau‐Ho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEffects of crystalline CuTiNb2O8 (CTN‐112) addition on densification and physical properties of Al2O3 have been investigated. With 10 vol% CTN‐112 present, the densification temperature of Al2O3 is greatly reduced from >1600 to 1025°C. This is attributed to an interfacial reaction taking place between CTN‐112 and Al2O3, which yields an amorphous Cu‐Ti‐Nb‐rich intergranular glassy film (IGF) before the liquid phase of Cu4TiNb4Ox (CTN‐414) is formed at 1006‐1010°C. The Cu‐Ti‐Nb‐rich IGF provides a faster kinetic route for ions to diffuse, promoting the densification kinetics of Al2O3+CTN‐112 composite. A higher densification with increasing CTN‐112 content at a given sintering temperature is observed; however, the thermal conductivity, dielectric, and mechanical properties of the resulting Al2O3+CTN‐112 composites become worsened. The binary Al2O3+10 vol% CTN‐112 composite densified at 1025°C has a thermal conductivity of 17 Wm−1 K−1, dielectric constant of 11, and product (Q·fr) of quality factor (Q) and resonant frequency (fr) of 7500‐8000 GHz at 11‐12 GHz.
Was den Digitalen Zwilling zum genialen Kompagnon macht
Authors: Bamberg Andreas , Urbas Leon , Bröcker Sönke , Kockmann Norbert , Bortz Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIm internationalen Wettbewerb kann der Digitale Zwilling für die deutsche Industrie ein entscheidender Wettbewerbsvorteil sein. Dieser Essay adressiert Merkmale eines Digitalen Zwillings aus Anwendersicht und soll Lösungsanbietern helfen, der Produktentwicklung eine kundenorientierte Richtung zu verleihen. Dazu werden die unterschiedlichen Datenmodelle beschrieben, die in den Lebenszyklen von chemischen Prozessen, Anlagen und Produkten eine Rolle spielen. Insbesondere für bestehende (Brownfield‐)Anlagen werden abschließend wesentliche Aspekte des Digitalen Zwillings ausformuliert. Weitere Ausprägungen und Auswirkungen, z. B. auf die Aus‐ und Fortbildung, werden daraus abgeleitet.
Colorectal cancer screening patterns after the American Cancer Society’s recommendation to initiate screening at age 45 years
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Siegel Rebecca L. , Goding Sauer Ann , Bandi Priti , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: December 2019

In May 2018, the American Cancer Society updated its colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines, lowering the age to initiate screening among average‐risk individuals from 50 years to 45 years because of increasing risk in younger generations and a favorable benefit‐to‐harm ratio. Herein, the authors report that past‐year CRC testing among individuals aged 45 to 49 years more than doubled during 2018 in concert with the Society lowering the recommended age for screening.
A Simple and Green Preparation Method of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocages for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Jiang Liang , Yang Shuhan , Song Wenna , Zhao Jianhua , Lu Zhihua , Zhai Qianqian , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe exploration of porous carbon materials with excellent electrochemical capacity is urgently needed for the development of the next generation of energy storage devices. Cage‐like carbon nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their excellent capacitive properties, but the current preparation methods for carbon nanocages are generally costly. A simple and green preparation method for nitrogen‐doped carbon nanocages is proposed in this study. In the synthesis process, the growth of the carbon nanocages is realized by using potassium chloride as a hard template, which can be removed by washing with hot water, avoiding the use of corrosive reagents and realizing the reuse of the template by recrystallization. The carbon materials exhibit unique nanocage morphology with macropores, which can provide fast ion diffusion pathways. Meanwhile, nitrogen doping enhances electrolyte ion interactions with carbon surfaces, leading to improved capacitances and rate capabilities. By the synthetical effect of the above characteristics, the specific capacitance reaches 251 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 201 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. This work introduces a new method for preparing high‐performance carbon electrode materials.
A Compact Eulerian Representation of Axisymmetric Inviscid Vortex Sheet Dynamics
Authors: Pesci Adriana I. , Goldstein Raymond E. , Shelley Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA classical problem in fluid mechanics is the motion of an axisymmetric vortex sheet evolving under the action of surface tension, surrounded by an inviscid fluid. Lagrangian descriptions of these dynamics are well‐known, involving complex nonlocal expressions for the radial and longitudinal velocities in terms of elliptic integrals. Here we use these prior results to arrive at a remarkably compact and exact Eulerian evolution equation for the sheet radius r(z, t) in an explicit flux form associated with the conservation of enclosed volume. The flux appears as an integral involving the pairwise mutual induction formula for vortex loop pairs first derived by Helmholtz and Maxwell. We show how the well‐known linear stability results for cylindrical vortex sheets in the presence of surface tension and streaming flows [A. M. Sterling and C. A. Sleicher, J. Fluid Mech. 68, 477 (1975)] can be obtained directly from this formulation. Furthermore, the inviscid limit of the empirical model of Eggers and Dupont [J. Fluid Mech. 262 205 (1994); SIAM J. Appl. Math. 60, 1997 (2000)], which has served as the basis for understanding singularity formation in droplet pinchoff, is derived within the present formalism as the leading‐order term in an asymptotic analysis for long slender axisymmetric vortex sheets and should provide the starting point for a rigorous analysis of singularity formation. © 2019 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active contours with local and global energy based‐on fuzzy clustering and maximum a posterior probability for retinal vessel detection
Authors: Wang Xiancheng , Jiang Zhangwei , Li Wei , Zarei Roozbeh , Huang Guangyan , Ulhaq Anwaar , Yin Xiaoxia , Zhang Bailing , Shi Peng , Guo Mengjiao , He Jing 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe performance of active contour model is limited on retinal vessel segmentation as vessel images are usually corrupted with intensity inhomogeneity, low contrast, and weak boundary, which severely affect the segmentation results of retinal vessels. A new active contour model combining the local and global information is proposed in this paper to facilitate the vessel segmentation. In our model, the fuzzy conception is firstly introduced as fuzzy methods generally provide more accurate and robust clustering and the concept of fuzziness in fuzzy clustering, which is represented by membership, can reflect the intensity distribution of the image. Then, we define local energy based on Maximum a Posterior Probability and use spatially varying parameters, mean and stand deviation, to describe the local Gaussian distribution in order to better deal with intensity inhomogeneity. Furthermore, we combine local and global energy based on fuzzy clustering, with a weight coefficient. The coefficient is computed by a weight function according to contrast ratio of the image. Experiments on synthetic and real images and comparisons with other state‐of‐the‐art active contour models show that the proposed model can detect objects more accurate and robust, especially for vessels on retinal angiogram.
An availability predictive trust factor‐based semi‐Markov mechanism for effective cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: A. Amuthan , A. Arulmurugan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe longevity of the sensor networks purely depends on the effectiveness of a cluster head selection process that attributes towards effective network management in wireless sensor networks. However, the majority of the cluster head selection schemes are considered an unrealistic condition which ponders the sensor nodes that have the possibility of being selected as cluster heads are highly energy competitive and trustworthy. In this paper, an availability predictive trust factor‐based semi‐Markov mechanism (APTFSMM) was proposed for facilitating effective cluster head selection with the view to enhance its degree of longevity degree in wireless sensor networks. This proposed APTFSMM inherited the merits of semi‐Markov process for estimating availability predictive trust factor that quantifies the maximum likelihood probability under which it is selected as the cluster head through maximized exploration of multiple transition states of the sensors in the networks. This proposed APTFSMM is determined to be predominant in enhancing the lifetime of the sensor network by 31% with a significantly reduced energy consumption rate of 38% compared with the benchmarked cluster head selection approaches considered for investigation.
Early life stress and development of the endocannabinoid system: A bidirectional process in programming future coping
Authors: Goldstein Ferber Sari , Trezza Viviana , Weller Aron 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) critically regulates stress responsivity and emotional behavior throughout development. It regulates anxiety‐like behaviors in humans and animal models. In addition, it is sensitive to early life stress at the gene expression level in a sex‐dependent and region‐dependent manner, and these changes are already evident in the adolescent brain. The ECS modulates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of stress, and is also capable of being affected by stress exposure itself. Early life stress interferes with the development of corticolimbic circuits, a major location of endocannabinoid receptors, and increases vulnerability to adult psychopathology. Early life stress alters the ontogeny of the ECS, resulting in a sustained deficit in its function, particularly within the hippocampus. Specifically, exposure to early stress results in bidirectional changes in anandamide and 2‐AG tissue levels within the amygdala and hippocampus and reduces hippocampal endocannabinoid function at puberty. CB1 receptor densities across all brain regions are downregulated later in life following exposure to early life stress. Manipulations affecting the glucocorticoid and the endocannabinoid systems persistently adjust individual emotional responses and synaptic plasticity. This review aims to show the bidirectional trajectories of endocannabinoid modulation of emotionality in reaction to early life stress.
Seasonal variability of groundwater level effects on the growth of Carex cinerascens in lake wetlands
Authors: Feng Wenjuan , Mariotte Pierre , Xu Ligang , Buttler Alexandre , Bragazza Luca , Jiang Jiahu , Santonja Mathieu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGroundwater level is crucial for wetland plant growth and reproduction, but the extent of its effect on plant growth can vary along with changed precipitation and temperature at different seasons. In this context, we investigated the effect of two groundwater levels (10 cm vs. 20 cm depth) on growth and reproductive parameters of Carex cinerascens, a dominant plant species in the Poyang Lake wetland, during three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) and during two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Carex cinerascens showed low stem number, height, and individual and population biomass in summer compared to spring and autumn. 10 cm groundwater level was overall more suitable for plant growth resulting in higher stem height and biomass. However, the interactive effect between groundwater level and season clearly demonstrated that the effect of groundwater level on plant growth occurred mainly in autumn. After the withering of the plant population in summer, we observed that C. cinerascens growth recovered in autumn to similar values observed in spring only with 10 cm groundwater level. Consequently, we could deduce that lowering groundwater level in the studied Poyang Lake wetland will negatively impact C. cinerascens regeneration and growth particularly during the second growth cycle occurring in autumn. Additionally, our results showed that, independently of the season and groundwater level, population biomass of C. cinerascens was lower during drier year. Altogether, our findings suggest that water limitation due to both reduction in precipitation and decreased groundwater level during the year can strongly impact plant communities.
Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral in hospitalized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Omote Kazunori , Nagai Toshiyuki , Iwano Hiroyuki , Tsujinaga Shingo , Kamiya Kiwamu , Aikawa Tadao , Konishi Takao , Sato Takuma , Kato Yoshiya , Komoriyama Hirokazu , Kobayashi Yuta , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Saito Yoshihiko , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe prognostic implication of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT‐VTI) on admission in hospitalized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients has not been determined. We sought to investigate whether LVOT‐VTI on admission is associated with worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsWe studied consecutive 214 hospitalized HFpEF patients who had accessible LVOT‐VTI data on admission, from a prospective HFpEF‐specific multicentre registry. The primary outcome of interest was the composite of all‐cause death and readmission due to heart failure. During a median follow‐up period of 688 (interquartile range 162–810) days, the primary outcome occurred in 83 patients (39%). The optimal cut‐off value of LVOT‐VTI for the primary outcome estimated by receiver operating characteristic analysis was 15.8 cm. Lower LVOT‐VTI was significantly associated with the primary outcome compared with higher LVOT‐VTI (P = 0.005). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that lower LVOT‐VTI was an independent determinant of the primary outcome (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.98). In multivariable linear regression, haemoglobin level was the strongest independent determinant of LVOT‐VTI among clinical parameters (β coefficient = −0.61, P = 0.007). Furthermore, patients with lower LVOT‐VTI and anaemia had the worst clinical outcomes among the groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsLower admission LVOT‐VTI was an independent determinant of worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized HFpEF patients, indicating that LVOT‐VTI on admission might be useful for categorizing a low‐flow HFpEF phenotype and risk stratification in hospitalized HFpEF patients.
Consistent floor response spectra for performance‐based seismic design of nonstructural elements
Authors: Merino Roberto J. , Perrone Daniele , Filiatrault Andre 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe achievement of adequate performance objectives for buildings under increasing seismic intensities is not only related to the performance of structural members but also to the behavior of nonstructural elements. The need to properly design nonstructural elements for earthquakes has been largely demonstrated in the last few years and has become an important objective within the earthquake engineering community. A crucial aspect in the proper design of nonstructural elements is the definition of the seismic demand in terms of both absolute acceleration and relative displacement floor response spectra. In the first part of this study, relative displacement and absolute acceleration floor response spectra were computed for four reinforced concrete moment‐resisting archetype frames via dynamic time‐history analyses and were compared with floor response spectra predicted by means of two recent simplified methodologies available in the literature. It was observed that one of the existing methodologies is generally unable to predict consistent absolute acceleration and relative displacement floor response spectra. An improved procedure is developed for estimating consistent floor response spectra for building structures subjected to low and medium‐high seismic intensities. This new procedure improves the predictions of a relative displacement floor response spectrum by constraining its ordinates at long nonstructural periods to the expected peak absolute displacement of the floor. The resulting acceleration and relative displacement response spectra are then consistently related by the well‐known pseudo‐spectral relationship over the entire nonstructural period range. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was appraised against floor response spectra computed from nonlinear time‐history analyses.
Evaluating Current Distribution and Influence of Defect Sites for Graphitic Compound Bipolar Plate Materials
Authors: Baumann N. , Blankenship A. , Dorn M. , Cremers C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the growth in power and size of energy conversion devices, the consideration of current distribution inside cells and stacks becomes increasingly important. In light of understanding the effect of the material properties of graphitic compound materials on current distribution, we developed a novel measurement cell based on a segmented current feed and a segmented measurement board. Using this cell, we determined the cross‐conduction of current in three commercial graphitic compound materials used for the manufacturing of bipolar plates. The conduction behaviors, with respect to compacting pressure as well as total current density, were explained by differences in resistance of conduction pathways. Large observed differences between the materials were discussed in terms of the ratio of through‐plane and in‐plane resistivities. Additionally, we compared several methods to emulate defect sites, in order to evaluate their effect using the novel measurement cell and showed the effect of their size on the current distribution. Finally, we discuss improvements on the measurement setup.
Rational genomic optimization of DNA detection for human papillomavirus type 16 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saito Yuki , Favorov Alexander V. , Forman Michael , Ren Shuling , Sakai Akihiro , Fukusumi Takahito , Liu Chao , Sadat Sayed , Ando Mizuo , Xu Guorong , Khan Zubair , Pang John , Valsamakis Alex , Fisch Kathleen M. , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to use genomic data for optimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer/probe sets for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 in body fluids of patients with HPV‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐HNSCC).MethodsWe used genomic HPV‐HNSCC sequencing data from a single institutional and a TCGA cohort. Optimized primer/probe sets were designed and tested for analytical performance in CaSki HPV‐16 genome and confirmed in salivary rinse samples from patients with HPV‐HNSCC.ResultsThe highest read density was observed between E5 and L2 regions. The E1 region contained a region that was universally present. Among candidate PCR primer/probe sets created, six reliably detected 30 HPV‐16 copy number. In a CLIA certified laboratory setting, the combination of two novel primer/probe with E7 sets improved performance in salivary rinse samples with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100%.ConclusionsPCR‐based detection of HPV‐16 DNA in HPV‐HNSCC can be improved using rational genomic design.