bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student profile in constructing concept of exponential through the problem posing
Authors: Cahyohadi H , Sunardi  , Irfan M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study has the aim to describe the thinking process of students in constructing of exponential concept through problem posing. In this study constructivism through the problem posing in question is a process to assist students in developing mathematical concepts and principles with their own abilities through the process of obtaining information and also the information processing process for later making problems by students. This research type are descriptive research with a case study form using a qualitative approach. This research was conducted on the tenth grade Vocational students in the field of Computer and Network Engineering expertise with a total of ten students. The method of data collection well done through interviews, written tests, observations, and documentation. The data validation used by researchers was triangulation using the source triangulation type. The results of the study show that the construction of the exponential concept is influenced by the thinking of students process when they concept process through posing problem.
The analysis of learning materials implementation using inquiry based learning method to enhance student’s critical thinking skills in solving two dimensional problem
Authors: Wijaya A M Y , Hobri  , Prastiti T D , Dafik  , Suratno  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Learning materials are the important thing that will support teaching and learning process at school. The existence of a good learning materials will help the students to understand the given subject matter. Mathematics is a subject matter which has a higher level of difficulty than other subjects. So teacher needs the right learning materials when delivering the material. a method that can be used to improve student’s understanding related to mathematics learning material, especially the subject of two dimensional is inquiry-based learning. This method emphasize the active participation of students to understand the material provided. Implementing this method in learning materials are expected to develop student’s critical thinking skills. Type of this research is mixed method research which combining qualitative and quantitative method. Quantitative methods are used to analyze the types of interval data on student learning outcomes while qualitative methods are used to analyze ordinal data types of student’s critical thinking skills. Respondents of this research consisted of one control class and one experimental class consisting of 30 students at 4th grade class in Sawaran Kulon 02 Lumajang Elementary School. Based on the experiment result, control class was obtained 65% of interpretation, 65% of analysis, 59% of evaluation and 52% of inference. Meanwhile, the experimental class was obtained 75% of interpretation, 75% of analysis, 69% of evaluation and 82% of inference. The t-test result of independent sample shows that there is a significant difference between control class and experimental class with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00 (p = <0.05). It can be concluded that the implementation of learning materials using inquiry-based learning method can improve the critical thinking of elementary school students.
Cognitive description of students in mathematics learning through lesson study
Authors: Susanto H A , Hidajat D , Hobri  , Jatmiko D D H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research aimed at describing the students’ cognitive aspects in mathematics learning. The description of the students’ cognitive aspects in mathematics learning provided understanding to the lecturers as the preparation in planning the mathematics learning to support the maximum achievement of the students during the learning. In the first step, plan was the first activity with the Lesson Study team to discuss various preparations needed. The second step, namely do and the third step, see as the evaluation form of the conclusion through the lecturer expression model and findings of all observer in order to be improved and analyzed by the researchers. The results of the research revealed that the students’ cognitive aspects covering the students’ mental activities consisting of six levels, namely remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. The results of this research were the initial references which needed to be raised in creating ideas, methods or procedures to solve problems.
An analysis of students’ difficulties in conjecturing process of block paving problems
Authors: Sutarto  , Dafik  , Hastuti I D , Surahmat  
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to describe students’ difficulties in the conjecturing process of block paving problems. The subjects used in study were 32 of 8th grade students of Junior High School. The data were collected using Block Paving Problems (BPP) and interviews. Data collection procedures consisted of two stages. The first stage was the researchers had the student solved BPP while think aloud. The second stage is task-based interview to explore information needed to confirm from the results of think aloud. The result of study revealed that 1) difficulty in interpreting the pattern of,n, 2) The difficulty in finding and predicting the next pattern based on regularity, 3) The difficulty in finding and predicting the next pattern 4) The difficulty in Forming Pattern ofn.
The phosphorus legacy offers opportunities for agro-ecological transition (France 1850–2075)
Authors: Le Noë J , Roux N , Billen G , Gingrich S , Erb K -H. , Krausmann F , Thieu V , Silvestre M , Garnier J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Management of the non-renewable resource phosphorus (P) is critical to agricultural sustainability. The global P cycle is currently disturbed beyond planetary boundaries, mostly due to large excess P use in the agriculture of industrialized countries, while P is lacking in the Global South. The trajectories of P management and their effects on future sustainable agriculture were investigated for the case of France from 1850 to 2015 based on empirical data and simulations of two coupled biogeochemical models. Here we show that while French cropland soils have accumulated significant amounts of P, mainly sourced from former colonies or protectorates, P reserves in grassland soils have been depleted. Scenario calculations indicate that current P reserves may on average allow for another 60 years of agricultural production without mineral P application. In the light of a possible upcoming P scarcity, this time frame offers an opportunity for a transition towards regionally closed P loops and enhanced sustainability, allowing for fairer international distribution of P resources in the future.
Conductance and spectroscopic mapping of EDOT polymer films upon electrochemical doping
Authors: Wieland Matthias , Malacrida Claudia , Yu Qiulin , Schlewitz Claire , Scapinello Luca , Penoni Andrea , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the electrochemical doping of different poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based active layers performed in an organic electrochemical transistor configuration through the mapping of in situ conductance trends during electrochemical doping and dedoping. The experiments are complemented by UV/Vis/NIR in situ spectroelectrochemistry in the wavelength range from 400 to 1600 nm, which allow monitoring of the development of the neutral and charged redox species. Both electropolymerized EDOT-based layers and solution-processed chemically synthesized PEDOT films are characterized. In addition to pure electropolymerized PEDOT (e-PEDOT), tris(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)phenyl) (TPA-EDOT3) is electrodeposited to generate highly branched networks of P(TPA-EDOT3). The solution-deposited PEDOT films contain poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:6. Overall, we find that e-PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS(1:2.5) behave like classical conjugated polymers with a plateau-like conductance over a wide potential region. In contrast, PEDOT:PSS(1:6) and P(TPA-EDOT3) show rather bell-shaped conductance profiles. The mixed-valence conductivity model is used to interpret the experimental results in terms of the number of accessible redox states. We suggest that the bell-shaped conductance in the case of PEDOT:PSS(1:6) is caused by a high amount of PSS insulator that limits the inter-chain interaction between PEDOT moieties and in the case of P(TPA-EDOT3) by its distorted molecular architecture.
Amlodipine Improves Vessel Function and Remodeling in the Lewis Polycystic Kidney Rat Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Quek Ko Jin , Ameer Omar Z , Phillips Jacqueline K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a common comorbidity associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment in these patients often involves L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blockers. The effect of chronic LTCC-blockade treatment on resistance vasculature was investigated in a genetic hypertensive rat model of CKD, the Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rat.

METHODS
Mixed-sex LPK and Lewis control rats (total n = 38) were allocated to treated (amlodipine 20 mg/kg/day p.o. from 4 to 18 weeks) and vehicle groups. Following systolic blood pressure and renal function assessment, animals were euthanized and mesenteric vasculature was collected for functional and structural assessment using pressure myography and histology.

RESULTS
Amlodipine treatment reduced LPK rat blood pressure (untreated vs. treated: 185 ± 5 vs. 165 ± 9 mm Hg; P = 0.019), reduced plasma creatinine (untreated vs. treated: 197 ± 17 vs. 140 ± 16 µmol/l; P = 0.002), and improved some vascular structural parameters (internal and external diameters and wall–lumen ratios); however wall thickness was still increased in LPK relative to Lewis despite treatment (Lewis vs. LPK: 31 ± 2 vs. 41 ± 2 µm, P = 0.047). Treatment improved LPK rats’ endothelium dysfunction, and nitric oxide-dependent and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization vasorelaxation components, and downregulated prostanoid contributions. LTCC blockade had no effect on biomechanical properties of compliance and intrinsic stiffness, nor artery wall composition.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that blockade of LTCCs with amlodipine is effective in improving, to a certain extent, detrimental structural and functional vascular features of resistance arteries in CKD.
Test of Premorbid Functioning: You’re Doing It Wrong, but Does It Matter?
Authors: Shura Robert D , Ord Anna S , Martindale Sarah L , Miskey Holly M , Taber Katherine H 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveClarify procedures to correctly score Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and assess the accuracy of TOPF scores in the estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, post-9/11 veterans (N = 233, 84.12% male) completed the TOPF, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), and performance validity measures.ResultsAll TOPF scores were significantly correlated with WAIS-IV FSIQ scores (range r = 0.56–.73). The degree of discrepancy between TOPF scores and FSIQ varied with 10%–17% of TOPF scores deviating from FSIQ scores by one SD or more.ConclusionsProper TOPF scoring procedures are presented. The TOPF Actual and Predicted scores were related to FSIQ. However, a higher percentage of Actual and Predicted scores were discrepant from FSIQ compared with the other three TOPF estimates, arguing against their use as independent premorbid estimates. Use of the TOPF as was designed is recommended.
MeSHHeading2vec: a new method for representing MeSH headings as vectors based on graph embedding algorithm
Authors: Guo Zhen-Hao , You Zhu-Hong , Huang De-Shuang , Yi Hai-Cheng , Zheng Kai , Chen Zhan-Heng , Wang Yan-Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Effectively representing Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) headings (terms) such as disease and drug as discriminative vectors could greatly improve the performance of downstream computational prediction models. However, these terms are often abstract and difficult to quantify. In this paper, we converted the MeSH tree structure into a relationship network and applied several graph embedding algorithms on it to represent these terms. Specifically, the relationship network consisting of nodes (MeSH headings) and edges (relationships), which can be constructed by the tree num. Then, five graph embedding algorithms including DeepWalk, LINE, SDNE, LAP and HOPE were implemented on the relationship network to represent MeSH headings as vectors. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, we carried out the node classification and relationship prediction tasks. The results show that the MeSH headings characterized by graph embedding algorithms can not only be treated as an independent carrier for representation, but also can be utilized as additional information to enhance the representation ability of vectors. Thus, it can serve as an input and continue to play a significant role in any computational models related to disease, drug, microbe, etc. Besides, our method holds great hope to inspire relevant researchers to study the representation of terms in this network perspective.
The thermal limits of cardiorespiratory performance in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): a field-based investigation using a remote mobile laboratory
Authors: Gilbert Matthew J H , Harris Les N , Malley Brendan K , Schimnowski Adrian , Moore Jean-Sébastien , Farrell Anthony P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite immense concern over amplified warming in the Arctic, physiological research to address related conservation issues for valuable cold-adapted fish, such as the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), is lacking. This crucial knowledge gap is largely attributable to the practical and logistical challenges of conducting sensitive physiological investigations in remote field settings. Here, we used an innovative, mobile aquatic-research laboratory to assess the effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism and maximum heart rate (fHmax) of upriver migrating Arctic char in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut in the central Canadian Arctic. Absolute aerobic scope was unchanged at temperatures from 4 to 16°C, while fHmax increased with temperature (Q10 = 2.1), as expected. However, fHmax fell precipitously below 4°C and it began to plateau above ~ 16°C, reaching a maximum at ~ 19°C before declining and becoming arrhythmic at ~ 21°C. Furthermore, recovery from exhaustive exercise appeared to be critically impaired above 16°C. The broad thermal range (~4–16°C) for increasing fHmax and maintaining absolute aerobic scope matches river temperatures commonly encountered by migrating Arctic char in this region. Nevertheless, river temperatures can exceed 20°C during warm events and our results confirm that such temperatures would limit exercise performance and thus impair migration in this species. Thus, unless Arctic char can rapidly acclimatize or alter its migration timing or location, which are both open questions, these impairments would likely impact population persistence and reduce lifetime fitness. As such, future conservation efforts should work towards quantifying and accounting for the impacts of warming, variable river temperatures on migration and reproductive success.
Do cash transfers increase nutritional intakes? Experimental evidence from an unconditional cash transfer in Kenya
Authors: Aizawa Toshiaki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Malnutrition due to persistent food insecurity has been a serious public health issue in Kenya. An unconditional cash transfer programme, the Hunger Safety Net Programme (HSNP), was launched in 2009 in northern Kenya to reduce extreme poverty and to mitigate food insecurity. This study investigates the impact of the HSNP, on expenditure on food, types of food consumed and nutritional intake. Focusing on nutritional intake as well as spending and consumption is important because an unconditional cash transfer, which does not specify how the transferred money must be used, does not guarantee nutritional intake improvement. Converting food consumption data to caloric intake and nutrient content using food consumption databases, we calculate the intake of five macro-nutrients, seven vitamins and seven minerals and then estimate the impacts on nutritional intake 12 and 24 months after treatment exposure. This study finds the increased total expenditure on food items. Specifically, the beneficiary households increased their expenditure on milk and milk products and that on sugar after 12 months and expenditure on roots and tubers after 24 months. For consumption amounts, however, the HSNP did not show significant increases in all food categories except sugar. On the other hand, the HSNP improved the nutritional intakes of some macro- and micro-nutrients. The results show that beneficiary households substantially increased their intake of fat by 25.2% after 24 months and their intake of vitamin B12 by 36.6% and calcium by 34.9% after 12 months. The result does not yield sufficiently strong evidence that poorer households significantly enjoy greater improvements than other households.
The Euler–Maruyama scheme for SDEs with irregular drift: convergence rates via reduction to a quadrature problem
Authors: Neuenkirch Andreas , Szölgyenyi Michaela 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the strong convergence order of the Euler–Maruyama (EM) scheme for scalar stochastic differential equations with additive noise and irregular drift. We provide a general framework for the error analysis by reducing it to a weighted quadrature problem for irregular functions of Brownian motion. Assuming Sobolev–Slobodeckij-type regularity of order $\kappa \in (0,1)$ for the nonsmooth part of the drift, our analysis of the quadrature problem yields the convergence order $\min \{3/4,(1+\kappa )/2\}-\epsilon$ for the equidistant EM scheme (for arbitrarily small $\epsilon&gt;0$). The cut-off of the convergence order at $3/4$ can be overcome by using a suitable nonequidistant discretization, which yields the strong convergence order of $(1+\kappa )/2-\epsilon$ for the corresponding EM scheme.
A log-barrier Newton-CG method for bound constrained optimization with complexity guarantees
Authors: O’Neill Michael , Wright Stephen J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe an algorithm based on a logarithmic barrier function, Newton’s method and linear conjugate gradients that seeks an approximate minimizer of a smooth function over the non-negative orthant. We develop a bound on the complexity of the approach, stated in terms of the required accuracy and the cost of a single gradient evaluation of the objective function and/or a matrix-vector multiplication involving the Hessian of the objective. The approach can be implemented without explicit calculation or storage of the Hessian.
Levonadifloxacin, a recently approved benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, exhibits potent in vitro activity against contemporary Staphylococcus aureus isolates and Bengal Bay clone isolates collected from a large Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bakthavatchalam Yamuna Devi , Shankar Abirami , Muniyasamy Rajeshwari , Peter John Victor , Marcus Zervos , Triplicane Dwarakanathan Hariharan , Gunasekaran Karthik , Iyadurai Ramya , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Levonadifloxacin (WCK 771; IV) and its prodrug alalevonadifloxacin (WCK 2349; oral) are benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolones, recently approved in India for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections with concurrent bacteraemia and diabetic foot infections. Ahead of its market launch, the present study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of levonadifloxacin against contemporary Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from a large tertiary care hospital in India. Additionally, levonadifloxacin activity was tested against hVISA and Bengal Bay clone MRSA isolates.

Methods
Non-duplicate S. aureus (n = 793) isolates collected at Christian Medical College hospital, Vellore, India during 2013–19 were included in the study. MRSA isolates were identified using a cefoxitin disc diffusion assay. MICs of levonadifloxacin and comparator antibiotics were determined using the broth microdilution method. Mutations in QRDRs were identified for selected levofloxacin-non-susceptible isolates. MLST profiling was undertaken to detect the Bengal Bay clone.

Results
Among the 793 isolates, 441 (55.6%) were MRSA and 626 (78.9%) were non-susceptible to levofloxacin. Levonadifloxacin showed MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, for all S. aureus, which included hVISA and Bengal Bay clone MRSA. The potency of levonadifloxacin was 16 times superior compared with levofloxacin.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated potent activity of levonadifloxacin against contemporary S. aureus isolates, which included MRSA isolates, hVISA isolates, Bengal Bay clone isolates and a high proportion of quinolone-non-susceptible isolates. The potent activity of levonadifloxacin observed in this study supports its clinical use for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
Identification of Tree Genera Used in the Construction of Solid Wood-Packaging Materials That Arrived at U.S. Ports Infested With Live Wood-Boring Insects
Authors: Krishnankutty Sindhu , Nadel Hannah , Taylor Adam M , Wiemann Michael C , Wu Yunke , Lingafelter Steven W , Myers Scott W , Ray Ann M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough international regulations have been successfully implemented to reduce the introduction and spread of plant pests through wood packaging material (WPM), wood-boring insects continue to be intercepted in WPM at U.S. ports of entry. Both hardwoods and softwoods are used in the construction of WPM for international trade; however, it is not clear if some types of wood pose higher risks than others for harboring wood borers. This study documented the taxonomic diversity of infested wood genera intercepted as a result of targeted WPM inspection at U.S. ports, and identified many of the wood-boring insects transported within them. The results of this study reveal associations among packaging woods, commodities, and shipment origins. The wood genera most frequently infested were Pinus Linnaeus (Pinales: Pinaceae), Picea Miller (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Populus Linnaeus (Malpighiales: Salicaceae), which were heavily represented as packaging for commodities such as stone, metal, vehicles, and machinery. In addition to these results, we summarized preferences by the wood borers to develop in living, stressed, dying, or dead hosts, the pest status of intercepted wood borers in their native and non-native ranges, and potential host range of intercepted wood borers to gauge potential for these taxa to become pests in North America. New possible host associations are reported for eight wood borer taxa. Taxonomy of host wood is presented as a new factor for consideration in pathway-level risk analysis of WPM, and the findings further reinforce the need for enhanced compliance with ISPM 15 to reduce entry of non-native wood-boring insects.