bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas – Experience with 3 Patients
Authors: Osterhage Katharina , Rotermund Roman , Droste Michael , Dierlamm Judith , Saeger Wolfgang , Petersenn Stephan , Aberle Jens , Flitsch Jörg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate bevacizumab as alternative treatment of aggressive pituitary adenomas after exhaustion of standard therapies.
Design and Methods Retrospectively, 3 patients undergoing microscopic transsphenoidal surgery of aggressive pituitary adenomas from 2008 till 2018 that were treated with bevacizumab were identified. Development of disease and treatment were evaluated.
Results Two patients suffered from ACTH-secreting adenomas, one from a non-functioning adenoma. All patients underwent multiple surgical, chemo- and radiotherapeutical approaches including temozolomide, showing favorable results in one patient. Deterioration of clinical condition in all patients led to an individual, palliative attempt of bevacizumab. Patients 1 and 2 showed a decrease of ACTH after first administrations, but therapy had to be ended shortly after due to a further deterioration of their condition. Patient 3 showed a stabilization of the disease for 18 months. Patients died 8, 15 and 7 years after initial diagnosis, respectively, and 2, 4, and 24 months after initiation of bevacizumab therapy, respectively.
Conclusion The demonstrated results suggest a considerable effect of bevacizumab in aggressive pituitary adenomas. The advanced stage of disease in all three patients, the overall short period of administration and just one patient showing a clinical benefit do not allow a general statement on the effectiveness. At the current stage of clinical experience, an approach with bevacizumab can be considered as an individual palliative attempt of treatment, when standard treatments are exhausted. Our results underline the need for further studies to evaluate this drug as potential player in therapy resistant aggressive pituitary tumors.
Roboterassistierte Hemihepatektomie rechts bei hepatozellulärem Karzinom bei nicht alkoholischer Steatohepatitis – Video der chirurgischen Technik
Authors: Fichtner-Feigl Stefan 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit der Einführung der roboterassistierten Chirurgie können immer kompliziertere Operationen in dieser Technik durchgeführt werden. Auch in der hepatobiliären Chirurgie gewinnt die roboterassistierte Operation zunehmend an Bedeutung. Artikulierte und skalierte Bewegungen in einem 3-dimensionalen Operationsfeld ermöglichen eine präzise Präparation, notwendig für Majorresektionen an der Leber. Dieses Video demonstriert die Machbarkeit und Präzision der vollständig roboterassistierten Technik in der Durchführung einer Hemihepatektomie rechts bei einem hepatozellulären Karzinom (HCC) der Segmente V – VIII bei nicht alkoholischer Steatohepatitis (NASH). Der Patient ist bei Operation 72 Jahre und begleiterkrankt mit einem ausgeprägten metabolischen Syndrom.
Psychedelics and Psychotherapy
Authors: Nayak Sandeep , Johnson Matthew W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPsychedelics have shown great promise in modern clinical trials for treating various psychiatric conditions. As a transdiagnostic treatment that exerts its effects through subjective experiences that leave enduring effects, it is akin to psychotherapy. To date, there has been insufficient discussion of how psychedelic therapy is similar to and different from conventional psychotherapy. In this article, we review the shared features of effective conventional psychotherapies and situate therapeutic psychedelic effects within those. We then discuss how psychedelic drug effects might amplify conventional psychotherapeutic processes—particularly via effects on meaning and relationship—as well as features that make psychedelic treatment unique. Taking into account shared features of conventional psychotherapies and unique psychedelic drug effects, we create a framework for understanding why psychedelics are likely to be effective with very diverse types of psychotherapies. We also review the formal psychotherapies that have been adjunctively included in modern psychedelic trials and extend the understanding of psychedelics as psychotherapy towards implications for clinical ethics and trial design. We aim to provide some common conceptual vocabulary that can be used to frame therapeutic psychedelic effects beyond the confines of any one specific modality.
Dental Office Prevention of Coronavirus Infection
Authors: D’Amico Cesare , Bocchieri Salvatore , Stefano Rosa De , Gorassini Francesca , Surace Giovanni , Amoroso Giulia , Scoglio Cristina , Mastroieni Roberta , Gambino Dario , Amantia Emanuele Mario , Marino Stefania , Stumpo Chiara , Fiorillo Luca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease is now spreading in different countries of the world. The alarmism created through the media also creates confusion in people about virus spreading. The health care environments among which the dental practice could be places of spread of the virus, especially places where patients with systemic pathology could be exposed to this. The purpose of this article is to clarify coronavirus disease 2019 and its management in the dental practice. Only by following the normal guidelines on disinfection and sterilization of environments and operators, with some additional rules on the management of patients in the waiting room, it is possible to limit this risk. Limiting the risk of spreading the virus is one of the keys to its eradication.
Thoracic Vertebral Canal Stenosis Associated with Vertebral Arch Anomalies in Small Brachycephalic Screw-Tail Dog Breeds
Authors: Conte Alessandro , Bernardini Marco , De Decker Steven , Ricco Cristoforo , Behr Sebastien , Sanchez-Masian Daniel , Cherubini Guinio B. , De Risio Luisa , Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe clinical and imaging features of thoracic vertebral canal stenosis secondary to the hypertrophy of the vertebral lamina and articular processes in screw-tail brachycephalic dog breeds, to evaluate the prevalence of the malformation in a large group of screw-tail dog breeds and to determine if degree of stenosis is associated with presence of neurological signs.
Study Design This is a retrospective multicentric study.
Materials and Methods Clinical records of 185 screw-tail brachycephalic dogs (French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, Boston Terriers) and Pugs were reviewed. Ten dogs with neurological deficits secondary to thoracic vertebral canal stenosis diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging were identified (Group 1). Neurologically normal dogs (n = 175) of the same breeds underwent computed tomographic imaging of the thoracic vertebral column for other medical reasons (Group 2). Cross-sectional measurements were used to calculate a stenotic ratio.
Results Group 1 consisted of three French Bulldogs, six English Bulldogs and one Pug. Eight were males. Most dogs presented with progressive non-painful pelvic limbs ataxia and paresis. Twenty stenotic sites were identified with the most common being T4–T5. Three of ten dogs were treated surgically and all had a good long-term outcome. In Group 2, 33 of 175 dogs had one or more stenotic sites with the most common being T2–T3. The degree of the stenosis was significantly higher in Group 1 (p = 0.019). A stenotic ratio of 0.56 had sensitivity and specificity of 67% to differentiate between dogs with and without neurological signs.
Conclusion Cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis is observed predominantly in young male Bulldogs, but not all stenoses are clinically relevant.
Handling of Cadavers in a Mortuary amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gupta Rimpi , Goyal Deepak , Budhiraja Virendra , Swami Shveta , Bansal Swati , Gaur Neha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This new disease is a challenge for the managers of health care facilities and mortuaries. It has impacted the practice of whole medical community. Though there is literature available on route of transmission of virus and time span for which virus is active on surfaces but there is no data available on how long the virus lives in and is active on the surface of a dead body. Thus, the health care professionals who handle cadavers and their specimens should use professional judgment to determine if a decedent had signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19 during life and if autopsy is mandatory. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) have issued guidelines on dead body management and collection of postmortem specimens which should be observed in mortuary area and laboratories to limit the spread of disease among health care workers.
Why does D-linking reduce the need for inversion in Spanish
wh-questions?
Authors: Goodall Grant 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spanish wh-questions without
inversion are much more acceptable when the
wh-phrase is D-linked. Standard semantic and
syntactic analyses of D-linking, developed for the more well-known
case of D-linking in weak islands, make incorrect predictions
regarding the Spanish case, while analyses based on working memory
fare better. In these analyses, the effect obtains because at the
time when the gap is posited, the processor is able to retrieve a
D-linked filler more easily, and this results in increased
acceptability. This type of analysis makes correct predictions about
D-linking in Spanish wh-questions, and the Spanish
facts provide new evidence that such an approach to D-linking based
on working memory is correct. The analysis adopted leaves open the
question of the proper analysis of inversion itself. Even if
D-linking results from properties of working memory, the inversion
phenomenon could still be the result of a grammatical
constraint.
Mechanisms of Change in Drinking following an Alcohol-Related Injury: A Qualitative Examination of the Sentinel Event Effect
Authors: Castro Yessenia , Najera Sarah N. , Robles Eden H. , Reddy Swathi M. , Holcomb Brianna N. , Field Craig A. 
Published: December 2020

Background Sentinel events are negative health-related events that trigger change in risky health behaviors. Despite its presumed major role in behavior change, the sentinel event effect has received little empirical attention. Through analysis of qualitative interviews, we explored how sentinel events trigger behavior change. Methods Thematic analysis and concept mapping were used to develop a preliminary model of the sentinel event effect among a sample of 24 adult heavy drinking Mexican-origin men previously admitted to a hospital due to injury. The model was checked against cases that did versus did not report change in alcohol use following an alcohol-related negative event. Results Findings suggest that sentinel events may arouse negative emotional reactions, encourage reflection on the negative consequences of drinking, and cause reevaluation of the severity and significance of drinking. These processes may increase motivation to change. Conclusions Findings support the concept of the sentinel event as a natural intervention, and identifies potential social-cognitive and motivational mechanisms through which it influences change. Findings stand to inform research on mechanisms underlying brief intervention effects, and research that seeks to identify treatment targets.
Phase characteristics of hydrocarbons generated from different types of kerogen at different maturity levels in closed system
Authors: Chen Chengsheng , Deng Rui , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For studying phase characteristics of hydrocarbons generated from different types of kerogen at different maturity levels, pyrolysis data of MM type-I and II kerogen (Maoming oil shale) and Coal type-III (Turpan coal) were collected and used for building phase models by PVT simulation technology. Then, phase diagrams, as well as physical properties (GOR, density, and viscosity) related to different kerogen types and along with maturity history, were output and carried out for comparative studies. The results show that three different types of kerogen perform different hydrocarbon generation processes, which form various yields and hydrocarbon compositions, leading to different petroleum types and diverse phase characteristics. The GORwt and the relative proportion of light and heavy hydrocarbons are two critical factors to shape the phase envelopes. The nature of kerogen with different maturity processes controls the changes of hydrocarbon compositions to form diverse phase characteristics. Their phase diagrams and physical properties on the ground conditions confirmed the different maturity ranges of black oils, light oils, and gas condensates generated by kerogen, respectively. Our study clarified that all types of kerogen at early generations (relatively low maturities) extensively generate black oils even though phase characteristics are different. In contrast, at a relatively high maturity by considering yields and expulsions of hydrocarbons, the MM type-II kerogen prefers to generate light oils, while the MM type-I kerogen prefers to generate black oils and the Coal/type-III kerogen prefers to generate gas condensates.
The main generation stage of organic acids during source-rock maturation: Implications for reservoir alteration in deep strata
Authors: Chen Jian , Xu Jie , Wang Qiang , Wang Susu , Sun Zhenyu , Peng Pingan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Generation of short-chain organic acids during source rock maturation was simulated over 72 h, using different kerogens at 220°C–360°C. A Youganwo Formation Type I kerogen sample had the highest organic acid yield (31.0 mg g−1 total organic carbon), twice that of the Yanchang and Kezilenuer formation samples (Type II and III kerogens, ∼15 mg g−1). The organic acids were generated mainly in the oil window, regardless of kerogen type. Type I and II kerogen-bearing source rocks produced organic acids with an equivalent vitrinite reflectance (EasyRo) of 1.16%, slightly later than the peak generation of liquid hydrocarbons. Type III kerogen-bearing source rocks produced acids at an early stage (0.95% EasyRo). Most organic acids dissolved in pore waters might have been expelled with hydrocarbons from source rocks containing type I and II kerogen, migrating to reservoirs. Pores and cavities in reservoirs along faults and conduits or near source rocks could be enlarged by mineral dissolution caused by organic acids, with the generated pore space being occupied by the migrated hydrocarbons. During continued burial, these porosities would be preserved, even in deep reservoirs.
Recovering the phase diagram of condensate gas reservoir in Well TZ86, Central Tarim Basin using PVTsim with geochemical inputs
Authors: Deng Rui , Zhang Haizu , Chen Chengsheng , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The phase diagram of the condensate gas reservoir in the Ordovician lithologic trap of Well TZ86 was recovered using PVTsim software with geochemical inputs (well fluid components and experiment data). The results show the error between the recovery and measured phase diagrams is within a reasonable range, indicating the reliability of the recovery result. The recovery phase diagram shows an order of CP-Pm-Tm, and the current reservoir temperature and pressure (138.49°C, 65.10MPa) confirms that the fluid belongs to the condensate gas phase currently and turns to the condensate gas-condensate oil coexistence phase when it is mined to the surface condition. The components rich in gaseous hydrocarbons caused by the gas charging in the Late Himalayan and the temperature and pressure condition determined the formation of condensate gas reservoirs in the Tazhong Uplift.
Characteristics and accumulation period of Cambrian-Ordovician hydrocarbon inclusions in Yingmai 7 area, Tabei Uplift
Authors: Fan Shan , Zhang Huifang , Lou Hong , Shi Chaoqun , Zhou Siyu , Wang Zuotao , Ma Xiaodan , Jiang Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
According to the fluorescence characteristics of hydrocarbon inclusions under the microscope, the interpenetration relationship with the occurrence veins, and the homogenization temperature, the hydrocarbon inclusions developed in the Cambrian-Ordovician reservoir in Yingmian 7 area can be divided into four periods, which correspond to four hydrocarbon accumulation events respectively. The periods of accumulation determined by the analysis of homogenization temperature and burial history are as follows: late Caledonian to early Hercyian low mature heavy oil filling, late Hercyian medium mature normal oil filling, early Himalayan high mature light oil filling and late Himalayan over mature natural gas filling. Among them, periods of I, II hydrocarbon inclusions distribution range is limited, only visible in part of the wells in Yingmai 7 area; periods of III, IV hydrocarbon inclusions in Yingmai 7 area are widely distributed, which reveals the Himalayan period of the two-stage oil and gas filling on the reservoir formation.
The distribution of lithium in nature and the application of lithium isotope tracing
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Liu Quanyou , Meng Qingqiang , Zhu Dongya , Liang Xinping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the advancement of isotope analysis methods, lithium isotopes have been widely used in tracing geological processes. This article introduces the unique geochemical properties of lithium and the lithium content and isotope characteristics in all kinds of natural geological reservoirs, and analyzes the fractionation mechanism of lithium isotope in the geological process which happened on the surface and the inner part of the earth. Further, this article summarizes and analyzes the application of lithium isotopes in tracing continental chemical weathering and slab subduction process, and discusses the distribution of lithium among various reservoirs in the light of the material circulation process on the surface and underground.
The excursion of Nitrogen and Carbon isotope in the Lower Cambrian of Tarim Basin: Implication for the transformation of anaerobic and euxinic settling
Authors: Su J , Fang Y , Ma S H , Yang Y P , Wei C Y , Weng N , Xu L , Bi L N , Li H D , Lin K X 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Nitrogen (N) along with Carbon (C) isotopes, Rear earth elements (REEs) and trace elements (TEs) were detected in the lower Cambrian Yuertusi formation, Northwest Tarim Basin. Two sections of obvious isotopic and elemental cycles have been investigated, which reflects the sedimentary transformation from lower euxinic to upper anaerobic setting. The extreme negative excursion of kerogen δ13C emerged in the bottom layer silica shales. The lowest value of kerogen δ13C is up to -37‰, which is similar with the global “Base” excursion in the bottom of lower Cambrian. It could be inferred the deposition of Yuertusi formation might be occurred after the Neoproterozoic glacial. Consequently, the kerogen δ13C of upper Yuertusi formation mostly exceeded -32‰, which could inferred the rapid rise of atmosphere and oceanic temperature. Based on the typical theory of isotope fraction, the δ13C of bitumen should be lower than that of kerogen. The bitumen δ13C in the upper Yuertusi formation varies from -34‰ ∼ 31.5‰, which is lighter than the δ13C of kerogen. Nevertheless, the δ13C of bitumen in the bottom layer silica shales is heavier than the δ13C of kerogen. This phenomenon has been noticed by previous researchers. The nadir negative excursion of bulk δ15N occurred in the bottom of Yuertusi formation, which has been indicated the sedimentary environment of Euxinic photic zone. The assimilation of bioavailable nutrient N (either in form of NH4 + or NO3-) may have contributed to the persistently low δ15C values. Ammonium may have served as the dominant nutrient N source for this period. The recycled NH4+ can be used directly or was sometimes oxidized to nitrate and then quantitatively used by phytoplankton to fuel primary productivity, which finally resulted into accumulation of high TOC and negative excursion of carbon isotope in the bottom of Yuertusi formation. It could be alternative interpretation for the depositional conditions of TOC-rich shales around Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary.
Quantitative assessment of cracking gas generated by dispersed liquid hydrocarbon
Authors: Zhaoyun Wang , Hua Jiang , Yongxin Li , Deyu Gong , Dongliang Wang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The resource assessment of cracking gas generated by dispersed liquid hydrocarbons involves 5 aspects. Firstly, the study on the distribution ratio and amount of liquid hydrocarbon within and out of the source rock, the oil expulsion efficiency of different source rocks varied from 20% to 80%, and the data is less than 50% for source rocks with TOC lower 2% and more than 50% for those with high TOC (higher than 2%), which means that the source rocks with high organic matter abundance and excellent type will have high oil expulsion efficiency. Secondly, the dominant migration pathway and distribution zone of the liquid hydrocarbons were conducted by numerical modeling while the distribution zone could also be tested through inversion method including statistics on thermogenic bitumen and fluorescence characteristics of reservoir samples. Thirdly, the conversion ratio of cracking gas generated by liquid hydrocarbon of various occurrences should be known. The main gas generation periods of liquid hydrocarbon mixed with carbonate, mudstone and sandstone are 1.2%-3.2%, 1.3%-3.4% and 1.4%-3.6% respectively. Moreover, overpressure could inhibit the process of gas generation. The mixture temperature lag is about 30°C while comparing the experimental results of 200Mpa and 50Mpa. Fourthly, the study of petroleum system of the studied area, especially the analysis of key factors and critical moments for the late scale formation and accumulation of natural gas of the liquid hydrocarbon cracking gas. Fifthly, quantitative assessment and resource evaluation of cracking gas generated by dispersed liquid hydrocarbon. The quantitative assessment method of “five steps”, which is based on genetic method, realized the integrated and systematic assessment of cracking gas generated by dispersed liquid hydrocarbon inside and outside the source rock, by paleo-reservoirs, and degradation gas generated by kerogen.
Analysis of deep gas accumulation conditions of the Upper Paleozoic in the southern Huanghua Depression
Authors: Yang Runze , Zhao Changyi , Zhao Xianzheng , Liu Haitao , Pu Xiugang , Li Hongjun , Li Chuanming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Influenced by sedimentary and tectonic factors, the accumulation conditions and models of Permian reservoirs in southern Huanghua Depression are unclear. Based on geochemical data of source rocks and petrophysical property data of reservoirs, by means of seismic interpretation, geochemical testing and profile analysis of typical reservoirs, the accumulation conditions are clarified, and the accumulation model is put forward. The study show that the intensity of secondary hydrocanbon generation is a favorable condition for the formation of gas field. The thrust structural traps in Huanghua Depression were mainly formed in the Indosinian, and anticline traps were mainly developed in the Yanshanian and Himalayan. Several source-reservoir-cap assemblages were developed inside the buried hill. Strong tectonic activity created good migration paths for natural gas, and the matching of trap formation, tectonic activity and hydrocarbon expulsion is the key factor of the accumulation of gas. On this basis, the typical gas accumulation pattern is established.