bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate inaction and managerial sensemaking: The case of renewable energy
Authors: Busch Timo , Richert Marcel , Johnson Matthew , Lundie Sven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile business responses to climate change have been well researched on the organizational and institutional levels, the corporate strategic behavior on the microlevel—that ranges from proactivity to climate inaction—remain under‐researched. This article explores the individual determinants that affect the sensemaking phases, scanning, interpretation, and action, concerning the installation of on‐site renewable energy technologies. We investigate the extent to which managerial sensemaking is affected by different perceptions, motives, and skills in relation to renewable energy. By doing so, we uncover the individual determinants that affect decisions to either accept or reject the installation of renewable energy technologies. We contribute to the literature on business responses to climate change by deriving several key individual determinants on the microlevel, including technological expertise, sustainability orientation, time perspective, and economic growth attitude, which affect managers' sensemaking. Thus, we offer a framework to illustrate how these individual characteristics can lead either to proactive business responses or conversely to climate inaction.
Tracing Implications of Transnational Policy in Curriculum Events
Authors: Wahlström Ninni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this keynote address is to discuss how curriculum theory can make a specific contribution to research on transnational education policy; in particular, curriculum theory has implications for national policy due to the interest in exploring educational phenomena at different levels of the school system. From a Swedish perspective on curriculum theory, the coordinative transnational policy ideas of having ‘high expectations’ and ‘raising standards’ are traced through three levels of analysis: the transnational/national societal arena, the programmatic curriculum arena and the classroom/teaching arena. The transnational policy idea of ‘international standards’ underpins the idea of standards‐based curricula, with a focus on the need to reach certain standards of knowledge and obtain equity in assessment; accordingly, such objectives have certain implications for curriculum structure and content as well as for actual teaching in the classroom. At each level of analysis, some concepts are introduced because of their potential to contribute in both exploratory and clarificatory ways. The analysis indicates that there is a need to uphold the role of the curriculum as a framework for genuine educational standards, with the professional teacher serving as the main actor for building educational relationships; otherwise, there is a risk that curriculum standards will degenerate into the instrumental standardisation of knowledge and teaching.
Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Pawar Rahul S. , Sagi Satyanarayanaraju , Leontyev Dmitry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCitrus aurantium, commonly known as bitter orange, is a popular dietary supplement ingredient sold worldwide. Bitter orange supplements are sold primarily as weight management and sports performance products and have gained popularity after Ephedra products were banned from the US market. Supplements containing synephrine are reported to exhibit adverse cardiovascular effects especially in the presence of caffeine. In this study, an LC–MS/MS method was established to quantify five natural amines (synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, N‐methyltyramine, and hordenine) and four synthetic phenethylamines (phenylephrine, methylsynephrine, etilefrine, and isopropyloctopamine) in dietary supplements sold in the US. The method was validated and found to have acceptable performance to accurately measure analytes in complex botanical products. The average recoveries from a blank matrix were 88–125% with an RSD of 0.5–7.0%. Fifty‐nine products labeled to contain bitter orange peel, extract, or its amines were purchased and their amine content was measured. Several products were found to contain higher amounts of amines than that expected from a typical bitter orange extract. Of the 23 products that made label claims for synephrine, only 5 products (22%) were within 80–120% of labeled synephrine content. The presence of synthetic amines, methylsynephrine (up to 240 mg/daily serving), and isopropyloctopamine (up to 76 mg/daily serving), whose effects in humans are not known, were detected in six products and one product, respectively. While the use of methylsynephrine and isopropyloctopamine are not permitted in dietary supplements, hordenine, N‐methyltyramine, and octopamine are currently listed on the FDA's Dietary Supplement Ingredient Advisory List.
Fluctuations in hematological athlete biological passport biomarkers in relation to the menstrual cycle
Authors: Mullen Jenny , Bækken Lasse , Bergström Helena , Björkhem Bergman Linda , Ericsson Magnus , Ekström Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interpretation of athlete biological passport (ABP) is strengthened by understanding the natural fluctuations in its biological parameters. Here we have assessed the influence of the menstrual cycle on the hematological module of the ABP.Seventeen women with regular menses were included. Blood samples were collected once a week for two consecutive cycles and analyzed for hematological parameters. Menstrual phases were hormonally determined.The intra‐individual variation in the hematological parameters was similar between the two cycles. Reticulocyte percentage was significantly lower in the follicle phase (median 0.95%) than in the ovulatory (median 1.10%) and luteal phases (median 1.16%), P = 0.006, whereas no differences were found in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood cell count, or red blood cell indices. When the values were entered into the ABP model, findings outside the program‐calculated individual thresholds were identified in two participants. One woman showed an atypical low OFF‐score in the last sample collected, mainly because of increased reticulocyte percentage. This was likely a response to treated insufficient iron stores. One woman displayed an atypical hemoglobin value at the lower limit 2 weeks after ovulation, which was likely due to fluctuations in plasma volume.In conclusion, the ABP parameters in general are stable throughout the menstrual cycle. Significant differences between the menstrual phases were found in reticulocytes; however, the variation was not related to findings outside the individual thresholds, except in one individual. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of having information about iron supplementation available when evaluating hematological passports.
Non‐native species have multiple abundance–impact curves
Authors: Strayer David L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe abundance–impact curve is helpful for understanding and managing the impacts of non‐native species. Abundance–impact curves can have a wide range of shapes (e.g., linear, threshold, sigmoid), each with its own implications for scientific understanding and management. Sometimes, the abundance–impact curve has been viewed as a property of the species, with a single curve for a species. I argue that the abundance–impact curve is determined jointly by a non‐native species and the ecosystem it invades, so that a species may have multiple abundance–impact curves. Models of the impacts of the invasive mussel Dreissena show how a single species can have multiple, noninterchangeable abundance–impact curves. To the extent that ecosystem characteristics determine the abundance–impact curve, abundance–impact curves based on horizontal designs (space‐for‐time substitution) may be misleading and should be used with great caution, it at all. It is important for scientists and managers to correctly specify the abundance–impact curve when considering the impacts of non‐native species. Diverting attention from the invading species to the invaded ecosystem, and especially to the interaction between species and ecosystem, could improve our understanding of how non‐native species affect ecosystems and reduce uncertainty around the effects of management of populations of non‐native species.
High predictability of direct competition between marine diatoms under different temperatures and nutrient states
Authors: Siegel Philipp , Baker Kirralee G. , Low‐Décarie Etienne , Geider Richard J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe distribution of marine phytoplankton will shift alongside changes in marine environments, leading to altered species frequencies and community composition. An understanding of the response of mixed populations to abiotic changes is required to adequately predict how environmental change may affect the future composition of phytoplankton communities. This study investigated the growth and competitive ability of two marine diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana, along a temperature gradient (9–35°C) spanning the thermal niches of both species under both high‐nitrogen nutrient‐replete and low‐nitrogen nutrient‐limited conditions. Across this temperature gradient, the competitive outcome under both nutrient conditions at any assay temperature, and the critical temperature at which competitive advantage shifted from one species to the other, was well predicted by the temperature dependencies of the growth rates of the two species measured in monocultures. The temperature at which the competitive advantage switched from P. tricornutum to T. pseudonana increased from 18.8°C under replete conditions to 25.3°C under nutrient‐limited conditions. Thus, P. tricornutum was a better competitor over a wider temperature range in a low N environment. Being able to determine the competitive outcomes from physiological responses of single species to environmental changes has the potential to significantly improve the predictive power of phytoplankton spatial distribution and community composition models.
Land masses and oceanic currents drive population structure of Heritiera littoralis, a widespread mangrove in the Indo‐West Pacific
Authors: Banerjee Achyut Kumar , Guo Wuxia , Qiao Sitan , Li Weixi , Xing Fen , Lin Yuting , Hou Zhuangwei , Li Sen , Liu Ying , Huang Yelin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhylogeographic forces driving evolution of sea‐dispersed plants are often influenced by regional and species characteristics, although not yet deciphered at a large spatial scale for many taxa like the mangrove species Heritiera littoralis. This study aimed to assess geographic distribution of genetic variation of this widespread mangrove in the Indo‐West Pacific region and identify the phylogeographic factors influencing its present‐day distribution. Analysis of five chloroplast DNA fragments’ sequences from 37 populations revealed low genetic diversity at the population level and strong genetic structure of H. littoralis in this region. The estimated divergence times between the major genetic lineages indicated that glacial level changes during the Pleistocene epoch induced strong genetic differentiation across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In comparison to the strong genetic break imposed by the Sunda Shelf toward splitting the lineages of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genetic differentiation between Indo‐Malesia and Australasia was not so prominent. Long‐distance dispersal ability of H. littoralis propagules helped the species to attain transoceanic distribution not only across South East Asia and Australia, but also across the Indian Ocean to East Africa. However, oceanic circulation pattern in the South China Sea was found to act as a barrier creating further intraoceanic genetic differentiation. Overall, phylogeographic analysis in this study revealed that glacial vicariance had profound influence on population differentiation in H. littoralis and caused low genetic diversity except for the refugia populations near the equator which might have persisted through glacial maxima. With increasing loss of suitable habitats due to anthropogenic activities, these findings therefore emphasize the urgent need for conservation actions for all populations throughout the distribution range of H. littoralis.
Dynamics and seismic performance of rocking bridges accounting for the abutment‐backfill contribution
Authors: Thomaidis Ioannis M. , Kappos Andreas J. , Camara Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe present study explores analytically the concept of rocking isolation in bridges considering for the first time the influence of the abutment‐backfill system. The dynamic response of rocking bridges with free‐standing piers of same height and same section is examined assuming negligible deformation for the substructure and the superstructure. New relationships for the prediction of the bridge rocking motion are derived, including the equation of motion and the restitution coefficient at each impact at the rocking interfaces. The bridge structure is found to be susceptible to a failure mode related to the failure of the abutment‐backfill system, which can occur prior to the well‐known overturning of the rocking piers. Thus, a new failure spectrum is proposed called Failure Minimum Acceleration Spectrum (FMAS) which extends the overturning spectrum put forward in previous studies, and it differs in principle from the latter. The comparison with the dynamic response of bridges modelled as rocking frames without abutments reveals not only that seat‐type abutments and their backfill have a generally beneficial effect on the seismic performance of rocking pier bridges by suppressing the free rocking motion of the frame system, but also that the simple frame model cannot capture all salient features of the rocking bridge response as it misses potential failure modes, overestimating the rocking bridge's safety when these modes are critical.
Comparison of Alternative Methods for Bioaccumulation Assessment: Scope and Limitations of In Vitro Depletion Assays with Rainbow Trout and Bioconcentration Tests in the Freshwater Amphipod Hyalella azteca
Authors: Kosfeld Verena , Fu Qiuguo , Ebersbach Ina , Esser Dana , Schauerte Anna , Bischof Ina , Hollender Juliane , Schlechtriem Christian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bioaccumulation assessment predominantly relies on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) as the sole decisive metric. The test guideline 305 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides the standard procedure for deriving this in vivo fish BCF, which is not only expensive and labor-intensive, but also requires many animals. Accordingly, there is a great need for and interest in alternative methods that can help to reduce, replace, and refine vertebrate tests, as described in the 3R principles. Two alternative approaches have been developed: the bioconcentration test with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca and the OECD test guideline 319 which provides a method to determine experimentally derived in vitro metabolism rates that can then be incorporated into in silico prediction models for rainbow trout BCF calculation. In the present study both alternative methods were applied to 5 substances of different physicochemical characteristics. The results were compared with literature values of fish in vivo BCFs and additional BCFs obtained with the alternative methods, if available. Potential differences between the results of the test methods are discussed utilizing information such as in vivo metabolism rates. The currently available data set suggests that these 2 alternative methods pose promising alternatives to predict bioaccumulation in fish, although defined applicability domains have yet to be determined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1813–1825. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC
Flavor, antimicrobial activity, and physical properties of composite film prepared with different surfactants
Authors: Li Xin , Tu Zong‐Cai , Sha Xiao‐Mei , Ye Yun‐Hua , Li Zhong‐Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferent surfactants (lecithin, Tween‐20, and Tween‐80) were added in composite film during the preparation. Flavor, antimicrobial activity, and physical properties of ginger essential oil ‐gelatin film were investigated, in order to study the effect of surfactants on the properties of film. The flavor of GEO was not detected in the film prepared with Tween‐20 and film prepared with Tween‐80, and these two films exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity; film prepared with lecithin possessed higher value in thickness, elongation at break, water solubility, ΔE and opacity, lower value in water vapor property, and tensile strength; attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectrum results suggested, Tween‐20 and Tween‐80 enhanced the strength of covalent bond, and lecithin weakened the strength of hydrogen bond; and the result of scanning electron microscope showed that Tween‐20 and Tween‐80 improved the dispersion of oil droplets in film. Therefore, this study suggested that surfactants had an influence on the physical properties and molecular structure of a resulting film; in addition, Tween‐20 and Tween‐80 could reduce the flavor of GEO in film, improving the antimicrobial activity of film.
Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: National study
Authors: Civantos Alyssa M. , Byrnes Yasmeen , Chang Changgee , Prasad Aman , Chorath Kevin , Poonia Seerat K. , Jenks Carolyn M. , Bur Andrés M. , Thakkar Punam , Graboyes Evan M. , Seth Rahul , Trosman Samuel , Wong Anni , Laitman Benjamin M. , Harris Brianna N. , Shah Janki , Stubbs Vanessa , Choby Garret , Long Qi , Rassekh Christopher H. , Thaler Erica , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOtolaryngologists are among the highest risk for COVID‐19 exposure.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, survey‐based, national study evaluating academic otolaryngologists. Burnout, anxiety, distress, and depression were assessed by the single‐item Mini‐Z Burnout Assessment, 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 15‐item Impact of Event Scale, and 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively.ResultsA total of 349 physicians completed the survey. Of them, 165 (47.3%) were residents and 212 (60.7%) were males. Anxiety, distress, burnout, and depression were reported in 167 (47.9%), 210 (60.2%), 76 (21.8%), and 37 (10.6%) physicians, respectively. Attendings had decreased burnout relative to residents (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, confidence interval [CI] [0.11‐0.68];P= .005). Females had increased burnout (OR 1.93, CI [1.12.‐3.32];P= .018), anxiety (OR 2.53, CI [1.59‐4.02];P< .005), and distress (OR 2.68, CI [1.64‐4.37];P< .005). Physicians in states with greater than 20 000 positive cases had increased distress (OR 2.01, CI [1.22‐3.31];P= .006).ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout, anxiety, and distress is high among academic otolaryngologists.
The impact of oral exposure to low‐dose tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate in allergic asthmatic mice
Authors: Yanagisawa Rie , Koike Eiko , Win‐Shwe Tin‐Tin , Kawaguchi Maiko , Takano Hirohisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a major organophosphorus flame retardant and has been widely increasing as a substitute for brominated flame retardants. TBEP may have adverse effects on human health; however, its impact on immune and allergic responses remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, the effects of low‐dose TBEP comparable with the level of actual human exposure to that of human tolerable daily intake on allergic asthmatic mice were explored. Five‐week‐old C3H/HeJSlc male mice consumed a diet containing approximately 0.02, 0.2 or 2 μg/kg/day TBEP and were intratracheally administrated ovalbumin (OVA) (1 μg/mouse every 2 weeks from 5 to 11 weeks of age). Exposure to 2 μg/kg/day TBEP with OVA tended to enhance allergic pulmonary inflammation and significantly elevated mRNA levels of interleukin‐5, eotaxin‐1 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) compared with OVA alone. In mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs), TBEP (0.2 or 2 μg/kg/day) with OVA significantly increased in total cell number and promoted conventional dendritic cell activation than OVA alone; MLN cell proliferation by OVA restimulation was also enhanced in these groups. In the bone marrow (BM), TBEP (0.02 or 0.2 μg/kg/day) with OVA resulted in a net decrease in total cell number and fraction of CCR2+Gr‐1+ cells; the fraction of Gr‐1+ cells increased. In conclusion, oral exposure to low‐dose TBEP levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T‐helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments.
Biological applications study of bio‐nanocomposites based on chitosan/TiO2 nanoparticles polymeric films modified by oleic acid
Authors: Hanafy Magda S. , Desoky Waled M. , Hussein Elham M. , El‐Shaer Nahla H. , Gomaa Mohamed , Gamal Amira A. , Esawy Mona A. , Guirguis Osiris W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize nanocomposite films to improve the treatment of skin wounds by applying the film as a bandage. To modify chitosan (Cs) and to prepare nanocomposites, a mixture between titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) was performed at different concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 15 wt%) and oleic acid (OA). The thin nanocomposite films were prepared by using casting method. The prepared films (Cs, Cs/TiO2NPs, Cs/OA and Cs/OA/TiO2NPs) were described by water absorption (swelling study) and biological degradation. Physico‐chemical characterizations of Cs, Cs/OA, Cs/TiO2NPs and Cs/OA/TiO2NPs (with only 15 wt% TiO2NPs) films were determined by X‐ray diffraction, transmission high‐resolution electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as their mechanical properties. Antimicrobial activity against microorganisms has been studied to assess activity against bacteria. The prepared nanocomposite films showed good antimicrobial activity for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The therapeutic effects of Cs‐TiO2NPs‐oleic acid nanocomposites on healing excision wounds were studied in rat animal model. The data obtained revealed that groups treated with nanocomposites showed enhancement wound closure and speed up wound healing time.
PyCDFT: A Python package for constrained density functional theory
Authors: Ma He , Wang Wennie , Kim Siyoung , Cheng Man‐Hin , Govoni Marco , Galli Giulia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present PyCDFT, a Python package to compute diabatic states using constrained density functional theory (CDFT). PyCDFT provides an object‐oriented, customizable implementation of CDFT, and allows for both single‐point self‐consistent‐field calculations and geometry optimizations. PyCDFT is designed to interface with existing density functional theory (DFT) codes to perform CDFT calculations where constraint potentials are added to the Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian. Here, we demonstrate the use of PyCDFT by performing calculations with a massively parallel first‐principles molecular dynamics code, Qbox, and we benchmark its accuracy by computing the electronic coupling between diabatic states for a set of organic molecules. We show that PyCDFT yields results in agreement with existing implementations and is a robust and flexible package for performing CDFT calculations. The program is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3821097.