bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Mainland-island’ population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation
Authors: Arntzen Jan W. , van Belkom Joep 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdaptation to different ecological environments can, through divergent selection, generate phenotypic and genetic differences between populations, and eventually give rise to new species. The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) has been proposed to represent an early stage of ecological speciation, driven by differential habitat adaptation through the deposition and development of larvae in streams versus ponds in the Kottenforst near Bonn (Germany). We set out to test this hypothesis of ecological speciation in an area different from the one where it was raised and we took the opportunity to explore for drivers of genetic differentiation at a landscape scale. A survey over 640 localities demonstrated the species’ presence in ponds and streams across forests, hilly terrain and areas with hedgerows (‘bocage’). Genetic variation at 14 microsatellite loci across 41 localities in and around two small deciduous forests showed that salamander effective population sizes were higher in forests than in the bocage, with panmixia in the forests (Fst < 0.010) versus genetic drift or founder effects in several of the small and more or less isolated bocage populations (Fst > 0.025). The system fits the ‘mainland-island’ metapopulation model rather than indicating adaptive genetic divergence in pond versus stream larval habitats. A reanalysis of the Kottenforst data indicated that microsatellite genetic variation fitted a geographical rather than an environmental axis, with a sharp transition from a western pond-breeding to an eastern, more frequently stream-breeding group of populations. A parallel changeover in mitochondrial DNA exists but remains to be well documented. The data support the existence of a hybrid zone following secondary contact of differentiated lineages, more so than speciationin situ.
Radio-frequency optomechanical characterization of a silicon nitride drum
Authors: Pearson A. N. , Khosla K. E. , Mergenthaler M. , Briggs G. A. D. , Laird E. A. , Ares N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOn-chip actuation and readout of mechanical motion is key to characterize mechanical resonators and exploit them for new applications. We capacitively couple a silicon nitride membrane to an off resonant radio-frequency cavity formed by a lumped element circuit. Despite a low cavity quality factor (QE ≈ 7.4) and off resonant, room temperature operation, we are able to parametrize several mechanical modes and estimate their optomechanical coupling strengths. This enables real-time measurements of the membrane’s driven motion and fast characterization without requiring a superconducting cavity, thereby eliminating the need for cryogenic cooling. Finally, we observe optomechanically induced transparency and absorption, crucial for a number of applications including sensitive metrology, ground state cooling of mechanical motion and slowing of light.
Analysis of Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Individuals with Periodontitis
Authors: Isola Gaetano , Polizzi Alessandro , Alibrandi Angela , Indelicato Francesco , Ferlito Sebastiano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndothelin 1 (ET-1) has been shown to have a key role in homeostasis and function of endothelium and maybe fundamental in the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. In this trial, we assessed the influence on serum and salivary ET-1 levels of gingival health, CHD, periodontitis, or a combination of periodontitis-CHD. Clinical and periodontal parameters, were collected from periodontitis patients (n = 34), CHD patients (n = 34), periodontitis + CHD patients (n = 34), and from healthy patients (n = 34) together with saliva and serum samples. The median concentrations of salivary and serum ET-1 were significantly higher in the CHD patients [serum: 1.4(1.1–1.6) pg/ml; saliva 1.2 (0.9–1.6) µmol/g, p < 0.01] and in the periodontitis + CHD patients [serum: 1.7 (1.2–21.8) pg/ml; salivary 1.4(1–1.6) µmol/g, p < 0.001] respect to periodontitis and control patients. Through a univariate regression analysis, c-reactive protein (CRP) and CHD (both p < 0.001) and periodontitis (p = 0.029) were statistically correlated with ET-1 in serum. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only CRP was the statistically predictor of ET-1 in serum(p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis in saliva demonstrated that, regarding ET-1 levels the only predictor were CRP (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.042). The present study evidenced that subjects with CHD and periodontitis plus CHD had higher serum and salivary levels of ET-1 compared to subjects with periodontitis and healthy controls. Moreover, only CRP remained a major predictor of increased ET-1 concentrations in both serum and saliva.
Variability and associated factors in the management of cord clamping and the milking practice among Spanish obstetric professionals
Authors: Ortiz-Esquinas Inmaculada , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Pascual-Pedreño Ana Isabel , Rodríguez-Almagro Julián , Ballesta-Castillejos Ana , Hernández-Martínez Antonio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClinical practice guides recommend delayed clamping of the umbilical cord. If this is not possible, some authors suggest milking as an alternative. The objective of this study was to determine the variability in professional practice in the management of umbilical cord clamping and milking and to identify factors or circumstances associated with the different methods. An observational cross-sectional study done on 1,045 obstetrics professionals in Spain in 2018. A self-designed questionnaire was administered online. The main variables studied were type of clamping and use of milking. Crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were estimated using binary logistic regression. 92.2% (964) performed delayed clamping. 69.3% (724) clamped the cord when it stopped beating. 83.8% (876) had heard of milking, and 55.9% (584) had never performed it. Professionals over 50 were less likely to perform delayed clamping, with an ORa of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11–0.52), while midwives were more likely to perform delayed clamping than obstetricians, with an ORa of 14.05 (95% CI: 8.41–23.49). There is clinical variability in the management of umbilical cord clamping and the use of milking in normal births. Part of this variability can be attributed to professional and work environment factors.
Serum C-reactive protein is a useful marker to exclude anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery
Authors: Messias Bruno A. , Botelho Ricardo V. , Saad Sarhan S. , Mocchetti Erica R. , Turke Karine C. , Waisberg Jaques 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnastomotic leakage is a complication of colorectal surgery. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase marker that can indicate surgical complications. We determined whether serum CRP levels in patients who had undergone colorectal surgery can be used to exclude the presence of anastomotic leakage and allow safe early discharge. We included 90 patients who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis. Serum CRP levels were measured retrospectively on postoperative days (PODs) 1 – 7. Patients with anastomotic leakage (n = 11) were compared to those without leakage (n = 79). We statistically analysed data and plotted receiver operating characteristic curves. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 12.2%. Diagnoses were made on PODs 3 – 24. The overall mortality rate was 3.3% (18.2% in the leakage group, 1.3% in the non-leakage group; P < 0.045). CRP levels were most accurate on POD 4, with a cutoff level of 180 mg/L, showing an area under the curve of 0.821 and a negative predictive value of 97.2%. Lower CRP levels after POD 2 and levels <180 mg/L on POD 4 may indicate the absence of anastomotic leakage and may allow safe discharge of patients who had undergone colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis.
Live Birth in Sex-Reversed XY Mice Lacking the Nuclear Receptor Dax1
Authors: Fernandes-Freitas Isabel , Milona Alexandra , Murphy Kevin G. , Dhillo Waljit S. , Owen Bryn M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nuclear hormone receptor Dax1 functions during development as a testes-determining gene. However, the phenotype of male mice lacking Dax1 is strain-dependent due to the background-specific abundance of male-determining Sry gene-transcripts. We hypothesised that inter-individual variation in Sry mRNA-abundance would result in a spectrum of phenotypes even within-strain. We found that while all XY C57BL/6J mice lacking Dax1 presented as phenotypic females, there was a marked inter-individual variability in measures of fertility. Indeed, we report rare occasions where sex-reversed mice had measures of fertility comparable to those in control females. On two occasions, these sex-reversed XY mice were able to give birth to live offspring following mating to stud-males. As such, this work documents within-strain variability in phenotypes of XY mice lacking Dax1, and reports for the first time a complete sex-reversal capable of achieving live birth in these mice.
Beyond validation: getting health apps into clinical practice
Authors: Gordon William J. , Landman Adam , Zhang Haipeng , Bates David W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFueled by advances in technology, increased access to smartphones, and capital investment, the number of available health “apps” has exploded in recent years. Patients use their smartphones for many things, but not as much as they might for health, especially for managing their chronic conditions. Moreover, while significant work is ongoing to develop, validate, and evaluate these apps, it is less clear how to effectively disseminate apps into routine clinical practice. We propose a framework for prescribing apps and outline the key issues that need to be addressed to enable app dissemination in clinical care. This includes: education and awareness, creating digital formularies, workflow and EHR integration, payment models, and patient/provider support. As work in digital health continues to expand, integrating health apps into clinical care delivery will be critical if digital health is to achieve its potential.
Closer to critical resting-state neural dynamics in individuals with higher fluid intelligence
Authors: Ezaki Takahiro , Fonseca dos Reis Elohim , Watanabe Takamitsu , Sakaki Michiko , Masuda Naoki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to the critical brain hypothesis, the brain is considered to operate near criticality and realize efficient neural computations. Despite the prior theoretical and empirical evidence in favor of the hypothesis, no direct link has been provided between human cognitive performance and the neural criticality. Here we provide such a key link by analyzing resting-state dynamics of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) networks at a whole-brain level. We develop a data-driven analysis method, inspired from statistical physics theory of spin systems, to map out the whole-brain neural dynamics onto a phase diagram. Using this tool, we show evidence that neural dynamics of human participants with higher fluid intelligence quotient scores are closer to a critical state, i.e., the boundary between the paramagnetic phase and the spin-glass (SG) phase. The present results are consistent with the notion of “edge-of-chaos” neural computation.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (Ala&gt;Val, rs1801133 C&gt;T) polymorphism decreases the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis involving 12,628 subjects
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Jiang Jiakai , Tang Weifeng , Liu Longgen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C677T (Ala&gt;Val, rs1801133 C&gt;T), a non-synonymous variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, has been found to be associated with an impair enzyme activity of MTHFR. The relationship of MTHFR rs1801133 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been extensively investigated. However, the findings were conflicting. Recently, more investigations have been conducted on the relationship of MTHFR rs1801133 with HCC. To obtain a more precise assessment on the effect of this non-synonymous variant to the development of HCC, a pooled-analysis was performed. This meta-analysis consisted of 19 independent case–control studies. By using the odds ratio (OR) combined with 95% confidence interval (CI), the relationship of MTHFR rs1801133 with HCC risk was determined. A total of 19 independent case–control studies were included. Finally, 6,102 HCC cases and 6,526 controls were recruited to examine the relationship of MTHFR rs1801133 with HCC risk. In recessive model (TT vs. CC/CT), the findings reached statistical significance (OR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.82–0.98; P = 0.016). Subgroup analysis also found an association between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and the decreased risk of HCC in hepatitis/virus related patients (recessive model: OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.72–0.99; P = 0.035, and allele model: OR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.81–0.99; P = 0.028). Subgroup analyses indicated that extreme heterogeneity existed in Asian population, larger sample size investigation, hospital-based study and normal/healthy control subgroups. The shape of Begger’s seemed symmetrical. Egger’s linear regression test also confirmed these evaluations. Sensitivity analyses suggested that our findings were stable. In summary, our results highlight that MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism decreases HCC susceptibility. The relationship warrants a further assessment.
Letter to the Editor: Comments on “Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys m.5802A&gt;G mutation in a Chinese family”
Authors: Finsterer Josef 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a recent article Wang et al. reported about a 9-year-old Chinese male with obesity, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, hyperuricemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) being attributed to the variant m.5802A&gt;G in tRNA(Cys) (Bioscience Reports (2020) 40(1), BSR20192153). Pathogenicity of the variant was substantiated by documentation of perturbed stability and mobility of the tRNA(Cys). The interesting study has a number of shortcomings, which do not allow drawing conclusions as provided before they are solved. Obesity is multifactorial and many differential causes of mtDNA variants were not discussed or excluded.
Further Study of the Effects of Treatment Intensity on Outcomes of Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Does Dose Frequency Matter?
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Wright Sandra , Nessler Christina , Mauszycki Shannon C. , Bunker Lisa , Boss Emily , Zhang Yue , Hula William D. , Doyle Patrick J. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dose frequency, an aspect of treatment intensity, on articulation outcomes of sound production treatment (SPT).

Method
Twelve speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia received SPT administered with an intense dose frequency and a nonintense/traditional dose frequency (SPT-T). Each participant received both treatment intensities in the context of multiple baseline designs across behaviors. SPT-Intense was provided for 3 hourly sessions per day/3 days per week; and SPT-T for 1 hour-long session per day/3 days per week. Twenty-seven treatment sessions were completed with each phase of treatment. Articulation accuracy was measured in probes of production of treated and untreated words.

Results
All participants achieved improved articulation of treated words with both intensities; there were no notable differences in magnitude of improvement associated with dose frequency. Positive response generalization to untrained words was found in 21 of 24 treatment applications; the cases of negligible response generalization occurred with SPT-T words.

Conclusions
Dose frequency (and corresponding total intervention duration) did not appear to impact treatment response for treated items. Disparate response generalization findings for 3 participants in the current study may relate to participant characteristics such as apraxia of speech severity and/or stimuli factors.
The Aarhus red giants challenge
Authors: Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Silva Aguirre V. , Cassisi S. , Miller Bertolami M. , Serenelli A. , Stello D. , Weiss A. , Angelou G. , Jiang C. , Lebreton Y. , Spada F. , Bellinger E. P. , Deheuvels S. , Ouazzani R. M. , Pietrinferni A. , Mosumgaard J. R. , Townsend R. H. D. , Battich T. , Bossini D. , Constantino T. , Eggenberger P. , Hekker S. , Mazumdar A. , Miglio A. , Nielsen K. B. , Salaris M. 
Published: February 2020

Contact. The large quantity of high-quality asteroseismic data that have been obtained from space-based photometric missions and the accuracy of the resulting frequencies motivate a careful consideration of the accuracy of computed oscillation frequencies of stellar models, when applied as diagnostics of the model properties.
Aims. Based on models of red-giant stars that have been independently calculated using different stellar evolution codes, we investigate the extent to which the differences in the model calculation affect the model oscillation frequencies and other asteroseismic diagnostics.
Methods. For each of the models, which cover four different masses and different evolution stages on the red-giant branch, we computed full sets of low-degree oscillation frequencies using a single pulsation code and, from these frequencies, typical asteroseismic diagnostics. In addition, we carried out preliminary analyses to relate differences in the oscillation properties to the corresponding model differences.
Results. In general, the differences in asteroseismic properties between the different models greatly exceed the observational precision of these properties. This is particularly true for the nonradial modes whose mixed acoustic and gravity-wave character makes them sensitive to the structure of the deep stellar interior and, hence, to details of their evolution. In some cases, identifying these differences led to improvements in the final models presented here and in Paper I; here we illustrate particular examples of this.
Conclusions. Further improvements in stellar modelling are required in order fully to utilise the observational accuracy to probe intrinsic limitations in the modelling and improve our understanding of stellar internal physics. However, our analysis of the frequency differences and their relation to stellar internal properties provides a striking illustration of the potential, in particular, of the mixed modes of red-giant stars for the diagnostics of stellar interiors.
Universal bolometric corrections for active galactic nuclei over seven luminosity decades
Authors: Duras F. , Bongiorno A. , Ricci F. , Piconcelli E. , Shankar F. , Lusso E. , Bianchi S. , Fiore F. , Maiolino R. , Marconi A. , Onori F. , Sani E. , Schneider R. , Vignali C. , La Franca F. 
Published: February 2020

Context. The AGN bolometric correction is a key element for understanding black hole (BH) demographics and computing accurate BH accretion histories from AGN luminosities. However, current estimates still differ from each other by up to a factor of two to three, and rely on extrapolations at the lowest and highest luminosities.
Aims. Here we revisit this fundamental question by presenting general hard X-ray (KX) and optical (KO) bolometric corrections, computed by combining several AGN samples spanning the widest (about 7 dex) luminosity range ever used for this type of studies.
Methods. We analysed a total of ∼1000 type 1 and type 2 AGN for which we performed a dedicated SED-fitting.
Results. We provide a bolometric correction separately for type 1 and type 2 AGN; the two bolometric corrections agree in the overlapping luminosity range. Based on this we computed for the first time a universal bolometric correction for the whole AGN sample (both type 1 and type 2). We found that KX is fairly constant at log(LBOL/L⊙) < 11, while it increases up to about one order of magnitude at log(LBOL/L⊙) ∼ 14.5. A similar increasing trend has been observed when its dependence on either the Eddington ratio or the BH mass is considered, while no dependence on redshift up to z ∼ 3.5 has been found. In contrast, the optical bolometric correction appears to be fairly constant (i.e. KO ∼ 5) regardless of the independent variable. We also verified that our bolometric corrections correctly predict the AGN bolometric luminosity functions. According to this analysis, our bolometric corrections can be applied to the whole AGN population in a wide range of luminosity and redshift.
Radial velocity constraints on the long-period transiting planet Kepler-1625 b with CARMENES
Authors: Timmermann Anina , Heller René , Reiners Ansgar , Zechmeister Mathias 
Published: February 2020

Context. The star Kepler-1625 recently attracted considerable attention when an analysis of the stellar photometric time series from the Kepler mission was interpreted as showing evidence of a large exomoon around the transiting Jupiter-sized planet candidate Kepler-1625 b. However, the mass of Kepler-1625 b has not been determined independently and its planetary nature has not been formally validated. Moreover, Kepler’s long-period Jupiter-sized planet candidates, like Kepler-1625 b with an orbital period of about 287 d, are known to have a high false-alarm probability. An independent confirmation of Kepler-1625 b is therefore particularly important.
Aims. We aim to detect the radial velocity (RV) signal imposed by Kepler-1625 b (and its putative moon) on the host star, or, as the case may be, determine an upper limit on the mass of the transiting object (or the combined mass of the two objects).
Methods. We took a total of 22 spectra of Kepler-1625 using CARMENES, 20 of which were useful. Observations were spread over a total of seven nights between October 2017 and October 2018, covering 125% of one full orbit of Kepler-1625 b. We used the automatic Spectral Radial Velocity Analyser pipeline to deduce the stellar RVs and uncertainties. We then fitted the RV curve model of a single planet on a Keplerian orbit to the observed RVs using a χ2 minimisation procedure.
Results. We derive upper limits on the mass of Kepler-1625 b under the assumption of a single planet on a circular orbit. In this scenario, the 1σ, 2σ, and 3σ confidence upper limits for the mass of Kepler-1625 b are 2.90 MJ, 7.15 MJ, and 11.60 MJ, respectively (MJ being Jupiter’s mass). An RV fit that includes the orbital eccentricity and orientation of periastron as free parameters also suggests a planetary mass but is statistically less robust.
Conclusions. We present strong evidence for the planetary nature of Kepler-1625 b, making it the (confirmed) planet with the tenth longest period known today. Our data do not allow us to make any form conclusions regarding a second, possibly shorter period planet that could be responsible for the observed transit timing variation of Kepler-1625 b.
A Decade with Dötz Benzannulation in the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Kumari Anupama , Pathare Ramdas S. 
Published: February 2020

The Dötz benzannulation is a named reaction that utilizes Fischer chromium carbenes in a formal [3+2+1] cycloaddition with an alkyne and CO to produce the corresponding benzannulated product. Since its development in the 1970s, this reaction has been extensively used in the synthesis of natural products and various molecular architectures. Although the reaction sometimes suffers from the formation of other competing side products, the rapid construction of naphthol structures with a 1,4-dihydroxy unit makes it the most appropriate reaction for the synthesis of p-naphthoquinones. This review focuses on our group’s efforts over the past decade on the extensive use of this annulation reaction along with the contributions of others on the synthesis of different natural products.1	Introduction2	General Description and Mechanism of the Dötz Benzannulation Reaction3	Applications of the Dötz Benzannulation in Natural Product Synthesis over the Last Decade4	Conclusion