bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ballistic lobar trajectory outcomes in civilian firearm penetrating brain injury
Authors: Alexopoulos Georgios , Quadri Nabiha , Khan Maheen , Bazai Henna , Formoso Pico Carla , Fraser Connor , Kulkarni Neha , Kemp Joanna , Coppens Jeroen , Bucholz Richard , Mercier Philippe 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is the most lethal of all firearm injuries, with reported survival rates of less than 20%. The projectile trajectory (PT) has been shown to impact mortality, but the significant lobar tracks have not been defined. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to test for associations between distinct ballistic trajectories, missile types, and patient outcomes.

METHODS
A total of 243 patients who presented with a PBI to the Saint Louis University emergency department from 2008 through 2019 were identified from the hospital registry. Conventional CT scans combined with 3D CT reconstructions and medical records were reviewed for each patient to identify distinct PTs.

RESULTS
A total of 65 ballistic lobar trajectories were identified. Multivariable regression models were used, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Penetrating and perforating types of PBI associated with bitemporal (t-statistic = −2.283, p = 0.023) or frontal-to-contralateral parietal (t-statistic = −2.311, p = 0.025) projectile paths were universally found to be fatal. In the group in which the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at presentation was lower than 8, a favorable penetrating missile trajectory was one that involved a single frontal lobe (adjusted OR 0.02 [95% CI 0.00–0.38], p = 0.022) or parietal lobe (adjusted OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.02–0.97], p = 0.048). Expanding or fragmenting types of projectiles carry higher mortality rates (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.32–4.83], p < 0.001) than do nondeformable missiles. Patient age was not associated with worse outcomes when controlled by other significant predictive factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with penetrating or perforating types of PBI associated with bitemporal or frontal-to-contralateral parietal PTs should be considered as potential donor candidates. Trauma patients with penetrating missile trajectories involving a single frontal or parietal lobe should be considered for early neurosurgical intervention, especially in the circumstances of a low GCS score (< 8). Surgeons should not base their decision-making solely on advanced patient age to defer further treatment. Patients with PBIs caused by nondeformable types of projectiles can survive multiple simultaneous intracranial missile trajectories.
Femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers for partial femoral nerve injury: a cadaveric study and early case series
Authors: McInnes Colin W. , Ha Austin Y. , Power Hollie A. , Tung Thomas H. , Moore Amy M. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
Partial femoral nerve injuries cause significant disability with ambulation. Due to their more proximal and superficial location, sartorius branches are often spared in femoral nerve injuries. In this article, the authors report the benefits of femoral nerve decompression, demonstrate the feasibility of sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers in a cadaveric study, describe the surgical technique, and report clinical results.

METHODS
Four fresh-frozen cadaveric lower limbs were dissected for anatomical analysis of the sartorius nerve. In addition, a retrospective review of patients with partial femoral nerve injuries treated with femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers was conducted. Pre- and postoperative knee extension Medical Research Council (MRC) grades and pain scores (visual analog scale) were collected.

RESULTS
Up to 6 superficial femoral branches innervate the sartorius muscle just distal to the inguinal ligament. Each branch yielded an average of 672 nerve fibers (range 99–1850). Six patients underwent femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers. Four patients also had concomitant obturator-to-quadriceps nerve transfers. At final follow-up (average 13.4 months), all patients achieved MRC grade 4−/5 or greater knee extension. The average preoperative pain score was 5.2, which decreased to 2.2 postoperatively (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Femoral nerve decompression and nerve transfer using sartorius branches are a viable tool for restoring function in partial femoral nerve injuries. Sartorius branches serve as ideal donors in quadriceps nerve transfers because they are expendable, are close to their recipients, and have an adequate supply of nerve fibers.
A comprehensive epidemiological review of spinal astrocytomas in the United States
Authors: Shao Jianning , Jones Jaes , Ellsworth Patrick , Habboub Ghaith , Cioffi Gino , Patil Nirav , Ostrom Quinn T. , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Kshettry Varun R. , Recinos Pablo F. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVESpinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare tumor whose epidemiology has not been well defined. The authors utilized the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) to provide comprehensive up-to-date epidemiological data for this disease.METHODSThe CBTRUS was queried for SCAs on ICD-O-3 (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition) histological and topographical codes. The age-adjusted incidence (AAI) per 100,000 persons was calculated and stratified by race, sex, age, and ethnicity. Joinpoint was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence.RESULTSTwo thousand nine hundred sixty-nine SCAs were diagnosed in the US between 1995 and 2016, resulting in an average of approximately 136 SCAs annually. The overall AAI was 0.047 (95% CI 0.045–0.049), and there was a statistically significant increase from 0.051 in 1995 to 0.043 in 2016. The peak incidence of 0.064 (95% CI 0.060–0.067) was found in the 0- to 19-year age group. The incidence in males was 0.053 (95% CI 0.050–0.055), which was significantly greater than the incidence in females (0.041, 95% CI 0.039–0.044). SCA incidence was significantly lower both in patients of Asian/Pacific Islander race (AAI = 0.034, 95% CI 0.028–0.042, p = 0.00015) and in patients of Hispanic ethnicity (AAI = 0.035, 95% CI 0.031–0.039, p < 0.001). The incidence of WHO grade I SCAs was significantly higher than those of WHO grade II, III, or IV SCAs (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe overall AAI of SCA from 1995 to 2016 was 0.047 per 100,000. The incidence peaked early in life for both sexes, reached a nadir between 20 and 34 years of age for males and between 35 and 44 years of age for females, and then slowly increased throughout adulthood, with a greater incidence in males. Pilocytic astrocytomas were the most common SCA in the study cohort. This study presents the most comprehensive epidemiological study of SCA incidence in the US to date.
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BUKIT SULISTIYO DI DESA KALITENGAH
Authors: Mukhlis  , Subekti Ervina Eka , Fajriyah Khusnul , Agung Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak
Salah satu alternative dalam upaya mengentaskan kemiskinan di daerah pedesaan terutama di Provinsi Jawa Tengah adalah dengan pengembangan desa wisata. Desa Kalitengah memiliki sumber daya alam potensial yang melimpah berupa pasir felspar. Kekayaan sumber daya alam tersebut belum bisa dirasakan manfaatnya oleh masyarakat karena pasir felspar langsung dijual pada investor untuk dikirim ke pabrik kramik di Jakarta. Berbagai komoditi potensial lainnya adalah singkong, pepaya, pisang, nangka dan ikan lele yang dijual tanpa pengolahan sehingga nilai jualnya rendah. Di Desa ini juga terdapat magnet wisata makam Bapak Dr.H. Sulistiyo, M.Pd yang merupakan tokoh Pendidikan. Warga Desa Kalitengah tidak mempunyai pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang cukup untuk mengembangkan industri kreatif yang menunjang pengembangan desa wisata. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan industri kreatif sehingga bisa meningkatkan nilai jual yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan perekonomian di sana. Strategi Program yang dilaksanakan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan desa wisata bukt sulistiyo antara lain : membentuk kelompok Guidance Tourism (GT) , pemberikan pendidikan wisata bagi kelompok GT, Pelatihan membuat cinderamata dengan bahan dasar pasir felspar, Pelatihan membuat makanan olahan dari hasil pertanian untuk meningkatkan harga jual, dan Pendampingan perinjinan P-IRT.
PELATIHAN KOMUNIKASI BAHASA INGGRIS DASAR BAGI MASYARAKAT RT.07/07 KELURAHAN WARAKAS TANJUNG PRIOK, JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Tambunsaribu Gunawan 
Published: November 2020

Penulis sekaligus pelaksana PkM dalam hal ini telah melaksanakan pelatihan dengan tema pelafalan bunyi bahasa Inggris dasar (Basic English Pronunciation). Tujuan utama pelatihan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat melalui pelatihan komunikasi dasar kepada anak-anak yang berada di kelurahan Warakas RT. 07/07 Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara. Kegiatan PkM ini dilakukan dengan cara mengajak anak-anak belajar aktif melafalkan bunyi bahasa Inggris dasar. Metode palatihan adalah menggunakan beberapa sarana seperti ceramah, gambar, video dan bunyi bahasa Inggris dasar yang diputar melalui tape recorder atau tayangan di monitor LCD atau projektor. Pelafalan kosakata dasar bahasa Inggris dapat diajarkan dengan menuliskan kata-kata khusus yang mengandung bunyi unik bahasa Inggris seperti bunyi (/θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/).Peserta PKM yakni para siswa yang berjumlah 25 orang sangat aktif dan merespon materi yang diajarkan oleh pengajar. Dari hasil di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa; 1) sebanyak 94% peserta PkM mengatakan bahwa materi yang diberikan oleh pelaksana PkM sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka; 2) sebanyak 96% responden mengatakan materi yang diberikan oleh pelaksana PkM mudah untuk mereka pahami; 3) 93% responden mengatakan bahwa materi yang diberikan menambah kemampuan mereka dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris; 4) 100% responden menyatakan bahwa pengajar menguasai materi yang diajarkan; 5) 94% responden setuju bahwa pelaksana PkM mengajarkan materi dengan menarik; 6) sebanyak 96% mengatakan bahwa para pelatih bersikap ramah dan sopan saat memberikan pelatihan. 7) seluruh peserta pelatihan (100%) mengatakan setuju jika pelatihan bahasa Inggris diadakan kembali, dan 8) sebanyak 80% menginginkan topik bahasan “grammar/tenses” untuk diberikan kepada mereka jika PkM terlaksana kembali sedangkan sebanyakk 20% dari mereka memilih untuk mendapatkan topik ‘berbicara/speaking’
Upper body strength endurance evaluation: A comparison between the handgrip strength and three body weight tests
Authors: Thomas Ewan , Gennaro Vincenzo , Battaglia Giuseppe , Bellafiore Marianna , Iovane Angelo , Palma Antonio , Bianco Antonino 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The hand-grip strength test has been widely adopted to evaluate upper limb strength. Other field based tests as push-ups and pull-ups are commonly used for the same purpose. It is however unclear if these may be used interchangeably for upper body strength evaluation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate strength endurance of the upper body and understand which test could be the most appropriate for upper body evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy young male participants were tested with three tests comprised of: 1) push-ups (PS), 2) pull-ups (PL) and 3) parallel dips (PD) performed to exhaustion. Grip strength (GS), total number of repetitions, time-to-complete the test, repetition cadence and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also retrieved for investigation. RESULTS: Repetitions, time-to-complete the test and repetition cadence significantly differed across the three tests ([Formula: see text] 0.001). No difference in the RPE was present. No correlation was present between GS and the other tests. No correlation was present between RPE and performance values and time-to-complete the tests. BMI was positively correlated to RPE in all tests. All tests strongly correlate to each other (PS vs. PL [Formula: see text] 0.55; PS vs. PD [Formula: see text] 0.64; PL vs. PD [Formula: see text] 0.70) and to time-to-complete the test (PS [Formula: see text] 0.79; PL [Formula: see text] 0.69; PD [Formula: see text] 0.66). Only the results of the PD correlate to their respective repetition cadence ([Formula: see text] 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: GS is not suitable to evaluate strength endurance. PS, PL and PD are all suitable to evaluate strength endurance. However, PD may be preferred to evaluate the upper body, if velocity also needs to be taken into account.
Risk-Taking Behaviors in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: McDonell Katherine E. , Ciriegio Abagail E. , Pfalzer Anna C. , Hale Lisa , Shiino Shuhei , Riordan Heather , Moroz Sarah , Darby R. Ryan , Compas Bruce E. , Claassen Daniel O. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Risky behaviors are common in Huntington’s disease (HD) and can lead to significant adverse consequences. However, the prevalence and scope of these symptoms have not been studied systematically, and no empirically validated measures are available to screen for them. Objective: To test a novel screening tool designed to assess risk-taking behaviors in HD. Methods: We administered the Risk Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ-HD) to HD patients and caregivers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2018-2019. Patients completed the questionnaire based on self-report; caregivers provided collateral reports. Clinical and demographic information were obtained from the electronic medical record. Results: 60 patients and 60 caregivers completed the RBQ-HD. 80% of patients ( n = 48) and 91.7% of caregivers ( n = 60) reported at least one risky behavior. Adverse social behaviors, impulsive/compulsive behaviors, and reckless driving were the most common behavioral domains reported. Male patients were more likely to report risky behaviors than females (92.3% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.04). The number of risky behaviors reported by patients and caregivers was negatively correlated with patient age ( r = –0.32, p = 0.01; r = –0.47, p = 0.0001, respectively). Patient and caregiver reports were highly correlated in matched pairs ( n = 30 ; r = 0.63, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that risky behaviors are highly prevalent in HD and can be effectively identified through the use of a novel screening measure. We hypothesize that early pathological involvement of frontostriatal and mesolimbic networks may be important factors in the development of these behaviors.
Existence of unique solution to nonlinear mixed Volterra Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations in complex-valued fuzzy metric spaces
Authors: Humaira  , Sarwar Muhammad , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to investigate the existence of unique solution for the following mixed nonlinear Volterra Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equation considered in complex plane; (0.1) ξ ( τ ) = g ( t ) + ρ ∫ 0 τ K 1 ( τ , ℘ ) ϝ 1 ( ℘ , ξ ( ℘ ) ) d ℘ + ϱ ∫ 0 1 K 2 ( τ , ℘ ) ϝ 2 ( ℘ , ξ ( ℘ ) ) d ℘ , such that ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , ξ 1 , ξ 2 ∈ ( C ( [ 0 , 1 ] ) , R ) g = g 1 + g 2 , g l : [ 0 , 1 ] → R , l = 1 , 2 , ϝ l ( ℘ , ξ ( ℘ ) ) = ϝ l 1 * ( ℘ , ξ 1 * ) + i ϝ l 2 * ( ℘ , ξ 2 * ) , ϝ lj * : [ 0 , 1 ] × R → R for l , j = 1 , 2 , and ξ 1 * , ξ 2 * ∈ ( C ( [ 0 , 1 ] ) , R ) K l ( t , ℘ ) = K l 1 * ( t , ℘ ) + iK l 2 * ( t , ℘ ) , for l , j = 1 , 2 and K lj * : [ 0 , 1 ] 2 → R , where ρ and ϱ are constants, g (t), the kernels Kl (τ, ℘) and the nonlinear functions ϝ1 (℘, ξ (℘)), ϝ 2 (℘, ξ (℘)) are continuous functions on the interval 0 ≤ τ ≤ 1. In this direction we apply fixed point results for self mappings with the concept of (ψ, ϕ) contractive condition in the setting of complex-valued fuzzy metric spaces. This study will be useful in the development of the theory of fuzzy fractional differential equations in a more general setting.
Deaf and hard of hearing in the United Arab Emirates interacting with Alexa, an intelligent personal assistant
Authors: Shahin Nada , Watfa Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Intelligent Personal Assistants have been booming around the world since 2014, allowing millions of users to interact with different cloud-based software via speech. Unfortunately, the Deaf and Hard of Hearing individuals have been left out without recognizable accessibility to such technologies, although it might be used to make their daily life routine easier. OBJECTIVE: In this research, the researcher studies the interaction and perception of Amazon’s Alexa among the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the United Arab Emirates in its current set up (Tap-to-Alexa accessibility option) in addition to Sign Language as an input method. The researcher expands on the Technology Acceptance Model to study the acceptance of Alexa as an assistive technology for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Additionally, the researcher discusses more suitable input methods and solutions to allow Alexa, and other Intelligent Personal Assistants, be more accessible for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. METHODS: The mixed method is used in this research in terms of collecting primary data through hands-on experiments, surveys, and interviews with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing participants. RESULTS: The researcher found that the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the United Arab Emirates perceive that Sign Language combined with a Live interpreter is better than the accessibility option “Tap-to-Alexa”, which is a solution provided by Amazon. The researcher also found that Sign Language combined with a Live interpreter is the most suitable input method to make the device accessible for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, in addition to translating the “Tap-to-Alexa” to different languages. Finally, the researcher proposes a modification to the Technology Acceptance Model to suit the research study of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing perception of Alexa. CONCLUSIONS: The researcher concludes that the ideal scenario for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing to interact and benefit the most from Amazon’s Alexa, and IPAs in general, is to include Sign Language as an embedded input method in the device and provide live interpreters; this sheds light on the importance of the interpreters’ jobs around the world. Additionally, “Tap-to-Alexa” must be translated into different languages for a better perception of the input method.
Linear Nuclear Acoustic Waves in Degenerate Quantum Plasma
Authors: Hasan M , Zaman DMS 
Published: November 2020

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made on the linear propagation of electrostatic perturbation modes of degenerate pressure driven modified nucleus-acoustic (DPDMNA) ‘waves in a degenerate quantum plasma (DQP) system. It contains cold inertia-less degenerate electron species (DES), cold inertial non-degenerate light nucleus species (LNS) and stationary heavy nucleus species (HNS) which maintains the quasi-neutrality condition at equilibrium only. The mass density of the cold LNS provides the inertia and the cold inertia-less cold LNS provides the inertia and the cold inertia-less DES gives rise to the restoring force. The reductive perturbation method has been used for the study of nonlinear propagation of the DPDMNA waves. The basic features of linear waves are supervised in a theoretical manner. It has been observed that the phase speed of DPDMNA waves changes with the change of charge density of the stationary HNS for both non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic DES; The NA waves with their dispersion properties which are consequential in various astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, have been broadly considered.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 20-23
HER2 Expression in Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Rahman Md Azizur , Ansari Abdullah Md Abu Ayub , Islam Kazi Mazharul , Rahman Md Aminur , Matin ABM Abdul , Saha Tapan Kumar , Jamal ABM 
Published: November 2020

Background: Carcinoma of the stomach is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Due to social impact of gastric carcinoma (GC), there is a need to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance and treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less expensive method, numerous efforts have been made to identify and validate novel biomarkers to accomplish the goals. In recent years, several molecules have been identified and tested for their clinical relevace in GC management. Among the biomarkers with the exception of HER2, none of the biomarkers is currently used in clinical practice, and some of them were described in single studies.
Materials and Methods: This prospective type of observational study was performed in the Department of Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, 6 months from approval of protocol. Total 45 consecutive patients aged 18 years and above without consideration of gender were selected purposefully. Every patient was evaluated by clinical examination, appropriate investigations and after a confirm diagnosis of the tissue from the cancer. All patients have undergone operative intervention and Gastrectomy specimens were subtotal (including cardiac and pylorus), subtotal (including the pylorus), total radical gastrectomy and oesophago-gastrectomy sample. All specimens obtained were immersed in 10% formalin. Samples of whom were sent to the department of pathology, DMCH for histopathology examination. Portion of representative tissue/block was sent to AFIP (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka) for immunohistochemistry to find out the HER2 expression in gastric cancer and gastro-oesophageal cancer. Data was collected in a pre-designed questionnaire by face to face interview.
Result and observation: In this study when 45 cases were categorized according to WHO grading system it was observed that majority (30) patients were found in grade II, among them 3(10%) were HER2 positive. But with grade III tumour the HER2 positivity were found more i,e; 37.5% (3/8). Grade- I tumor show HER2 neu expression 28.57% (2/7) and according to location most of the cases with HER2 positive expression was located in the gastro-esophageal junction which is 27.27% (3/11) than gastric carcinoma which is 14.70% (5/34).
Conclusion: Most of the patients of gastric and gastrooesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are diagnosed at a very late stage, so they require special attention in treatment protocol, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy for increasing their survivability. The study showed with poorly differentiated (high grade) tumour, the HER2 positivity were found more.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (2) : 79-82