bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ways Ahead: developing a supported self-management programme for people living with low- and intermediate-grade gliomas - a protocol for a multi-method study
Authors: Rimmer Ben , Dutton Lizzie , Lewis Joanne , Burns Richéal , Gallagher Pamela , Williams Sophie , Araujo-Soares Vera , Finch Tracy , Sharp Linda 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionLiving with and beyond a diagnosis of a low- and intermediate-grade glioma (LIGG) can adversely impact many aspects of people’s lives and their quality of life (QoL). In people with chronic conditions, self-management can improve QoL. This is especially true if people are supported to self-manage. Supported self-management programmes have been developed for several cancers, but the unique challenges experienced by LIGG survivors mean these programmes may not be readily transferable to this group. The Ways Ahead study aims to address this gap by exploring the needs of LIGG survivors to develop a prototype for a supported self-management programme tailored to this group.Methods and analysisWays Ahead will follow three sequential phases, underpinned by a systematic review of self-management interventions in cancer. In phase 1, qualitative methods will be used to explore and understand the issues faced by LIGG survivors, as well as the barriers and facilitators to self-management. Three sets of interviews will be conducted with LIGG survivors, their informal carers and professionals. Thematic analysis will be conducted with reference to the Theoretical Domains Framework and Normalisation Process Theory. Phase 2 will involve co-production workshops to generate ideas for the design of a supported self-management programme. Workshop outputs will be translated into a design specification for a prototype programme. Finally, phase 3 will involve a health economic assessment to examine the feasibility and benefits of incorporating the proposed programme into the current survivorship care pathway. This prototype will then be ready for testing in a subsequent trial.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by an National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (REC ref: 20/WA/0118). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, broadcast media, the study website, The Brain Tumour Charity and stakeholder engagement activities.
Nasopharyngeal density of respiratory viruses in childhood pneumonia in a highly vaccinated setting: findings from a case–control study
Authors: Bhuiyan Mejbah Uddin , Snelling Tom , Sikazwe Chisha , Lang Jurissa , Borland Meredith , Martin Andrew , Richmond Peter , Jaffe Adam , Smith David , Blyth Christopher 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDetection of pneumonia-causing respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx of asymptomatic children has made their actual contribution to pneumonia unclear. We compared nasopharyngeal viral density between children with and without pneumonia to understand if viral density could be used to diagnose pneumonia.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were collected from hospitalised pneumonia cases at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) and contemporaneous age-matched controls at PMH outpatient clinics and a local immunisation clinic in Perth, Australia. The density (copies/mL) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A virus (InfA), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and rhinovirus in NPS was determined using quantitative PCR. Linear regression analysis was done to assess the trend between viral density and age in months. The association between viral density and disease status was examined using logistic regression. Area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were assessed to determine optimal discriminatory viral density cut-offs.ResultsThrough May 2015 to October 2017, 230 pneumonia cases and 230 controls were enrolled. Median nasopharyngeal density for any respiratory virus was not substantially higher in cases than controls (p>0.05 for each). A decreasing density trend with increasing age was observed—the trend was statistically significant for RSV (regression coefficient −0.04, p=0.004) but not for other viruses. After adjusting for demographics and other viral densities, for every log10copies/mL density increase, the odds of being a case increased by six times for RSV, three times for HMPV and two times for InfA. The AUROC curves were <0.70 for each virus, suggesting poor case–control discrimination based on viral density.ConclusionThe nasopharyngeal density of respiratory viruses was not significantly higher in children with pneumonia than those without; however, the odds of being a case increased with increased density for some viruses. The utility of viral density, alone, in defining pneumonia was limited.
Prenatal clinical manifestations in individuals withCOL4A1/2variants
Authors: Itai Toshiyuki , Miyatake Satoko , Taguri Masataka , Nozaki Fumihito , Ohta Masayasu , Osaka Hitoshi , Morimoto Masafumi , Tandou Tomoko , Nohara Fumikatsu , Takami Yuichi , Yoshioka Fumitaka , Shimokawa Shoko , Okuno-Yuguchi Jiu , Motobayashi Mitsuo , Takei Yuko , Fukuyama Tetsuhiro , Kumada Satoko , Miyata Yohane , Ogawa Chikako , Maki Yuki , Togashi Noriko , Ishikura Teruyuki , Kinoshita Makoto , Mitani Yusuke , Kanemura Yonehiro , Omi Tsuyoshi , Ando Naoki , Hattori Ayako , Saitoh Shinji , Kitai Yukihiro , Hirai Satori , Arai Hiroshi , Ishida Fumihiko , Taniguchi Hidetoshi , Kitabatake Yasuji , Ozono Keiichi , Nabatame Shin , Smigiel Robert , Kato Mitsuhiro , Tanda Koichi , Saito Yoshihiko , Ishiyama Akihiko , Noguchi Yushi , Miura Mazumi , Nakano Takaaki , Hirano Keiko , Honda Ryoko , Kuki Ichiro , Takanashi Jun-ichi , Takeuchi Akihito , Fukasawa Tatsuya , Seiwa Chizuru , Harada Atsuko , Yachi Yusuke , Higashiyama Hiroyuki , Terashima Hiroshi , Kumagai Tadayuki , Hada Satoshi , Abe Yoshiichi , Miyagi Etsuko , Uchiyama Yuri , Fujita Atsushi , Imagawa Eri , Azuma Yoshiteru , Hamanaka Kohei , Koshimizu Eriko , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Takata Atsushi , Miyake Noriko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Doi Hiroshi , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundVariants in the type IV collagen gene (COL4A1/2) cause early-onset cerebrovascular diseases. Most individuals are diagnosed postnatally, and the prenatal features of individuals withCOL4A1/2variants remain unclear.MethodsWe examinedCOL4A1/2in 218 individuals with suspectedCOL4A1/2-related brain defects. Among those arising fromCOL4A1/2variants, we focused on individuals showing prenatal abnormal ultrasound findings and validated their prenatal and postnatal clinical features in detail.ResultsPathogenicCOL4A1/2variants were detected in 56 individuals (n=56/218, 25.7%) showing porencephaly (n=29), schizencephaly (n=12) and others (n=15). Thirty-four variants occurred de novo (n=34/56, 60.7%). Foetal information was available in 47 of 56 individuals, 32 of whom (n=32/47, 68.1%) had one or more foetal abnormalities. The median gestational age at the detection of initial prenatal abnormal features was 31 weeks of gestation. Only 14 individuals had specific prenatal findings that were strongly suggestive of features associated withCOL4A1/2variants. Foetal ventriculomegaly was the most common initial feature (n=20/32, 62.5%). Posterior fossa abnormalities, including Dandy-Walker malformation, were observed prenatally in four individuals. Regarding extrabrain features, foetal growth restriction was present in 16 individuals, including eight individuals with comorbid ventriculomegaly.ConclusionsPrenatal observation of ventriculomegaly with comorbid foetal growth restriction should prompt a thorough ultrasound examination andCOL4A1/2gene testing should be considered when pathogenic variants are strongly suspected.
Spontaneous clearance of genital and extragenitalNeisseria gonorrhoeae: data from GToG
Authors: Mensforth Sarah , Ayinde Oluseyi Cyril , Ross Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) infection can resolve without antibiotic treatment, however the literature describing the frequency of clearance at individual sites, how rapidly it occurs and potential predictive factors is limited. In this analysis of a subpopulation identified from a large multicentre UK cohort, we describe the overall rate of spontaneous clearance of infection and explore factors associated with this.MethodsData from the Gentamicin compared with Ceftriaxone for the Treatment of Gonorrhoea randomised controlled trial consisting of 720 patients with NG were analysed. A subgroup of individuals had both a pretrial test sample and a trial enrolment sample taken. Those who had cleared NG between initial presentation and subsequent entry into the trial without antibiotic treatment were deemed to have spontaneously cleared. Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual history and sites of infection for those who spontaneously cleared infection were compared with that of those who did not. We also estimated the time interval to clearance.ResultsOverall, the proportion who had spontaneous clearance was 20.5% (83/405). Clearance of infection occurred over a median of 10 days (IQR 7–15 days). The cohort who spontaneously cleared were similar to those who did not in terms of age, gender, sexual orientation, HIV status and previous NG infection. Chlamydia coinfection was more frequent in the ‘no spontaneous clearance group’ (11.1% (9/83) cf 22.0% (69/322)) (p=0.029). Dysuria was reported more often in the ‘no spontaneous clearance group’ (4.8% (4/83) cf 13.0% (42/322)) (p=0.035).ConclusionWe present data from a large cohort of NG-infected individuals, of whom a significant proportion had spontaneous clearance of infection. This is consistent with previous smaller studies. If this is indicative of cure, point-of-care testing prior to treatment has the potential to reduce unnecessary exposure to antimicrobials. Further work to assess the importance of bacterial load, genotype and host immune response on spontaneous clearance of infection is required.Trial registration numberISRCTN51783227
Predictions for charmed nuclei based on $$Y_c N$$ forces inferred from lattice QCD simulations
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Nogga Andreas , Vidaña Isaac 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCharmed nuclei are investigated utilizing$$\varLambda _c N$$ΛcNand$$\varSigma _c N$$ΣcNinteractions that have been extrapolated from lattice QCD simulations at unphysical masses of$$m_\pi = 410$$mπ=410–570 MeV to the physical point using chiral effective field theory as guideline. Calculations of the energies of$$\varLambda _c$$Λcsingle-particle bound states for various charmed nuclei from$$^{\ 5}_{\varLambda _c}$$Λc5Li to$$^{209}_{\varLambda _c}$$Λc209Bi are performed using a perturbative many-body approach. This approach allows one to determine the finite nuclei$$\varLambda _c$$Λcself-energy from which the energies of the different bound states can be obtained. Though the$$\varLambda _c N$$ΛcNinteraction inferred from the lattice results is only moderately attractive, it supports the existence of charmed nuclei. Already the lightest nucleus considered is found to be bound. The spin-orbit splitting of the p- and d-wave states turns out to be small, as in the case of single$$\varLambda $$Λhypernuclei. Additional calculations based on the Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations suggest that also$$A=4$$A=4systems involving a$$\varLambda _c$$Λcbaryon are likely to be bound, but exclude a bound$$^{\, 3}_{\varLambda _c}\hbox {He}$$Λc3Hestate.
Determinants of Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Attenuation on Computed Tomography Angiography in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hoshino Masahiro , Yamaguchi Masao , Hada Masahiro , Ohya Hiroaki , Sumino Yohei , Hirano Hidenori , Kanno Yoshinori , Horie Tomoki , Misawa Toru , Nogami Kai , Ueno Hiroki , Hamaya Rikuta , Usui Eisuke , Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: July 2020

Background
Recent studies have reported the association between pericoronary inflammation assessed by pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCATA) on computed tomography angiography and worse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated the determinants predicting increased PCATA in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 540 patients who underwent computed tomography angiography and invasive coronary angiography were studied. Mean computed tomography attenuation values of PCAT (−190 to −30 Hounsfield units) (PCATA) were assessed at the proximal 40‐mm segments of all 3 major coronary arteries by crude analysis. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the predictors of increased PCATA surrounding the proximal right coronary artery. Mean right coronary artery‐PCATA was −72.22±8.47 Hounsfield units and the average of 3‐vessel PCATA was −70.24±6.60 Hounsfield units. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the independent determinants of right coronary artery‐PCATA were male (β coefficient=4.965,
P
<0.001), left ventricular mass index (β coefficient=0.040,
P
=0.025), and angiographically significant stenosis (diameter stenosis >50%) (β coefficient=2.418,
P
=0.008). Sex‐related determinants were NT‐proBNP level (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; β coefficient <0.001,
P
=0.026), Agatston score (β coefficient=−0.002,
P
=0.010), left ventricular mass index (β coefficient=0.041,
P
=0.028), and significant stenosis (β coefficient=4.006,
P
<0.001) in male patients and left ventricular ejection fraction (β coefficient=−0.217,
P
=0.010) and significant stenosis (β coefficient=3.835,
P
=0.023) in female patients.

Conclusions
Right coronary artery‐PCATA was associated with multiple clinical characteristics, established risk factors, and the presence of significant stenosis. Our results suggest that clinically significant factors such as sex, left ventricular hypertrophy, ejection fraction, calcification, and epicardial stenosis should be taken into account in the assessment of pericoronary inflammation using computed tomography angiography.
Clinical Implications of Hepatic Hemodynamic Evaluation by Abdominal Ultrasonographic Imaging in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Ishibashi Shinji , Matsuda Mitsuko , Yamadera Yukio , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Sato Yu , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Misaka Tomofumi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: July 2020

Background
It has been reported that liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography are correlated with right atrial pressure, which is associated with worse outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to clarify clinical implications of hepatic hemodynamic evaluation (liver congestion and hypoperfusion) by abdominal ultrasonography in patients with HF.

Methods and Results

We performed abdominal ultrasonography, right‐heart catheterization, and echocardiography, then followed up for cardiac events such as cardiac death or worsening HF in patients with HF. Regarding liver congestion, liver stiffness assessed by shear wave elastography (SWE) of the liver was significantly correlated with right atrial pressure determined by right‐heart catheterization (
R
=0.343;
P
<0.01), right atrial end‐systolic area, and inferior vena cava diameter determined by echocardiography. Regarding liver hypoperfusion, peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the celiac artery was correlated with cardiac index determined by right‐heart catheterization (
R
=0.291;
P
<0.001) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion determined by echocardiography. According to the Kaplan–Meier analysis, HF patients with high SWE and low PSV had the highest cardiac event rate (log‐rank
P
=0.033). In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, high SWE and low PSV were associated with high cardiac event rate (high SWE: hazard ratio [HR], 2.039; 95% CI, 1.131–4.290; low PSV: HR, 2.211; 95% CI, 1.199–4.449), and the combination of high SWE and low PSV was a predictor of cardiac events (HR, 4.811; 95% CI, 1.562–14.818).

Conclusions
Intrahepatic congestion and hypoperfusion determined by abdominal ultrasonography (liver SWE and celiac PSV) are associated with adverse prognosis in patients with HF.
Stroke Code Presentations, Interventions, and Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jasne Adam S. , Chojecka Pola , Maran Ilavarasy , Mageid Razaz , Eldokmak Mohamed , Zhang Qiang , Nystrom Karin , Vlieks Kelsey , Askenase Michael , Petersen Nils , Falcone Guido J. , Wira Charles R. , Lleva Paul , Zeevi Neer , Narula Reshma , Amin Hardik , Navaratnam Dhasakumar , Loomis Caitlin , Hwang David Y. , Schindler Joseph , Hebert Ryan , Matouk Charles , Krumholz Harlan M. , Spudich Serena , Sheth Kevin N. , Sansing Lauren H. , Sharma Richa 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Anecdotal reports suggest fewer patients with stroke symptoms are presenting to hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We quantify trends in stroke code calls and treatments at 3 Connecticut hospitals during the local emergence of COVID-19 and examine patient characteristics and stroke process measures at a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) before and during the pandemic.

Methods:
Stroke code activity was analyzed from January 1 to April 28, 2020, and corresponding dates in 2019. Piecewise linear regression and spline models identified when stroke codes in 2020 began to decline and when they fell below 2019 levels. Patient-level data were analyzed in February versus March and April 2020 at the CSC to identify differences in patient characteristics during the pandemic.

Results:

A total of 822 stroke codes were activated at 3 hospitals from January 1 to April 28, 2020. The number of stroke codes/wk decreased by 12.8/wk from February 18 to March 16 (
P
=0.0360) with nadir of 39.6% of expected stroke codes called from March 10 to 16 (30% decrease in total stroke codes during the pandemic weeks in 2020 versus 2019). There was no commensurate increase in within-network telestroke utilization. Compared with before the pandemic (n=167), pandemic-epoch stroke code patients at the CSC (n=211) were more likely to have histories of hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and substance abuse; no or public health insurance; lower median household income; and to live in the CSC city (
P
<0.05). There was no difference in age, sex, race/ethnicity, stroke severity, time to presentation, door-to-needle/door-to-reperfusion times, or discharge modified Rankin Scale.

Conclusions:
Hospital presentation for stroke-like symptoms decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, without differences in stroke severity or early outcomes. Individuals living outside of the CSC city were less likely to present for stroke codes at the CSC during the pandemic. Public health initiatives to increase awareness of presenting for non-COVID-19 medical emergencies such as stroke during the pandemic are critical.
The Religious Predisposition
Authors: Bronkhorst Johannes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article first predicts, on the basis of an analysis of deep absorption, a number of features of mystical and related states of consciousness. It then observes that these very same features appear in beliefs held by people who have never experienced deep absorption. Moreover, many people engage in activities that, though not normally leading to deep absorption, bring about lesser states of absorption. The article will propose an answer to the question how it is that many people are influenced in their beliefs and practices by experiences (deep absorption) they have not had.
State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019
Authors: Fernández-Viña Marcelo H. , Prood Nadya E. , Herpolsheimer Adam , Waimberg Joshua , Burris Scott 
Published: July 2020

Objective Law is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and possession of syringes by participants. Methods Legal researchers developed a cross-sectional data set measuring key features of state laws and regulations governing the possession and distribution of syringes across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia in effect on August 1, 2019. We compared these data with previously collected data on laws as of August 1, 2014. Results Thirty-nine states (including the District of Columbia) had laws in effect on August 1, 2019, that removed legal impediments to, explicitly authorized, and/or regulated SSPs. Thirty-three states had 1 or more laws consistent with legal possession of syringes by SSP participants under at least some circumstances. Changes from 2014 to 2019 included an increase of 14 states explicitly authorizing SSPs by law and an increase of 12 states with at least 1 provision reducing legal barriers to SSPs. Since 2014, the number of states explicitly authorizing SSPs nearly doubled, and the new states included many rural, southern, or midwestern states that had been identified as having poor access to SSPs, as well as states at high risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus outbreaks. Substantial legal barriers to SSP operation and participant syringe possession remained in >20% of US states. Conclusion Legal barriers to effective operation of SSPs have declined but continue to hinder the prevention and reduction of drug-related harm.
Challenges Experienced by Parents of Emerging Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the Transition to College
Authors: Ness Michelle M. , Saylor Jennifer L. , Ji Xiaopeng , Bell Ann , Habermann Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges experienced by parents of emerging young adults (EYAs) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who completed their freshman or sophomore year of college. Methods Using a descriptive, qualitative design, 16 parents participated in semistructured interviews that explored factors impacting the college transition for parents of college freshmen and sophomores with T1DM. Participants were recruited from local endocrinology clinics as well as the College Diabetes Network (CDN) Parent Facebook page, the CDN Facebook page, the CDN Twitter feed, and the Delaware Chapter of the JDRF (formerly Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation). Researchers used a thematic analysis to analyze the data and develop categories. Interviews were conducted and recorded via video conferencing from July 2019 to September 2019. Results Results represent data from 16 interviews comprising 15 (94%) mothers and 1 father. Thematic analysis resulted in the emergence of 3 themes: managing parental concerns, changes in the parental role, and identifying sources of parental support. Parents identified several challenges including the EYAs’ ability to manage T1DM at college, communication with the EYA, and the availability of support for parents. Conclusion Parents experience several challenges during their EYA’s transition to college with T1DM. Supporting the needs of parents and EYAs during this time may serve to reduce diabetes-related complications for EYAs and increase overall quality of life for both members of the dyad.