bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blending foodscapes and urban touristscapes: international tourism and city marketing in Indian cities
Authors: Amore Alberto , Roy Hiran 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Gateway cities such as Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata are central in the tourist experience to India, yet the official government authorities and destination marketing organizations tend to underestimate the potential of these destinations to prospective and returning international tourists. In particular, there is little empirical research on urban tourism, food tourism and city marketing in the aforementioned cities. This paper aims to explore the scope for the promotion of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata as food urban destinations.

Design/methodology/approach
For the purposes of this study, a case study methodology using content analysis was developed to ascertain the nexus between food and tourism in the three observed cities. Materials were gathered for the year 2019, with a focus on brochures, tourist guides, websites and social media accounts for Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. A two-coding approach through NVivo was designed to analyse and report the findings.

Findings
The findings of the study suggest that the cities of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata fall short in positioning themselves as food urban destinations. Moreover, the study reports a dissonance between the imagery of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata portrayed to international tourists through induced images and the food-related experiences available in the cities. This divide reflects a pattern in destination marketing in India observed in previous research.

Research limitations/implications
The exploratory nature of this study calls for more research in the trends and future directions of food tourism and urban marketing in Indian cities. Moreover, this study calls for further research on the perceptions of urban food experience in Indian cities among international and domestic tourists.

Practical implications
A series of practical implications can be drawn. First, urban and national destination marketing organizations need to join efforts in developing urban marketing campaigns that place food as a key element of the urban experience. Second, cities worldwide are rebranding themselves as food destinations and Indian cities should reconsider local and regional culinary traditions as mean to reposition themselves to food travellers’ similar niche segments.

Social implications
The quest for authenticity is central in the expectations of incoming tourists. Moreover, the richness and variety of local and regional food in the cities analysed in this study can enhance urban visitor experience, with obvious economic and socio-cultural benefits for the local businesses and residents.

Originality/value
This study is the first of its kind to provide preliminary evidence on the nexus between food and tourism in Indian cities. Building from the literature, it developed a conceptual framework for the analysis of food tourism and urban branding and shed light on a currently overlooked aspect of incoming tourism to India.
Exploring Millennial's perceptions towards luxury fashion wearable technology
Authors: Blazquez Marta , Alexander Bethan , Fung Karie 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between key value propositions of luxury fashion smartwatches, consumer attitudes and their purchase intentions, and to explore Millennial consumers' overall perceptions of using these wearable technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a mixed methods approach. Quantitative enquiry consisting of 312 respondents was followed by two qualitative focus groups in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.FindingsThe findings indicate that functional, individual and social factors influence Millennial consumers' adoption intention of luxury fashion smartwatches. Empirical results reveal that perceived hedonism and usefulness are the most important factors that motivate adoption intentions, followed by subjective norm and perceived conspicuousness, indicating that luxury smartwatches are perceived as both a technological device and luxury fashion accessory.Originality/valueGiven extant research on luxury fashion smartwatches is limited, this study contributes to this unique research stream by exploring Millennial's perceptions towards using these new generation smartwatches. This research develops a theoretical framework building on technology adoption model 2 (Venkatesh and Davis, 2000), theory of reasoned action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975) and luxury perception models (Wiedmann et al., 2007).
Foreign aid and growth nexus: empirical evidence from South Asian countries
Authors: Jena Nihar Ranjan , Sethi Narayan 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effectiveness of foreign aid in improving economic growth prospects in the South Asian region from 1996 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachA sample of eight South Asian countries for the period 1996–2017 is being considered for this study. This study uses various econometrics tools such as Pedroni and Johansen–Fisher panel cointegration test, panel fully modified ordinary least square and panel dynamic ordinary least square (PDOLS) to ascertain the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables under consideration.FindingsThe empirical results found that long-run, as well as the short-run relationship, exist among foreign aid, economic growth, investment, financial deepening, price stability and trade openness of the South Asian economies. The authors also found unidirectional causality running from foreign aid to economic growth. Both the long-run relationship as well as short-run causality between foreign aid and economic growth is unequivocally positive.Originality/valueThis study uses a dynamic macroeconomic modeling framework to assess the impact of aid flows on economic growth in South Asian economies. Taking into account the diversity of level of growth experienced by the eight countries in the Asian region, this study uses an appropriate regression technique, i.e. PDOLS whose results are robust. Therefore, the policymakers in these countries are well-advised to implement suitable policy measures to ensure optimum utilization of foreign capital resources garnered by way of receipt of foreign aid and build on for stronger future economic growth.
Developing an Athlete Brand Identity Scale using Rasch analysis
Authors: Linsner Annika , Hill Brad , Hallmann Kirstin , Sotiriadou Popi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study identifies important dimensions of the athlete brand identity construct incorporating the athlete perspective. It also uses Rasch analysis to provide a practical tool (the Athlete Brand Identity Scale) to measure how closely an athlete's personal brand identity is aligned with their perceived brand image.Design/methodology/approachReference to existing athlete branding measurement tools and consultation with ten athlete experts generated (74) items considered important to an athlete brand. Two different response scales were then used to test those items in wider surveys of athletes and consumers. This allowed for further scale development and measurement of congruence between an athlete's self-image and the brand image held by consumers (within the same survey). Factor analysis and Rasch analysis were carried out to refine the item pool and assess item measurement properties to establish a concise scale for determining athlete brand identity.FindingsResults show successful identification of four dimensions of athlete brand identity measurement: athletic integrity, athletic success, fan engagement and character traits, informed development of the Athlete Brand Identity Scale (ABIdS). The unique and significant aspect of the ABIdS is its capacity to incorporate the athlete's perspective into brand management.Practical implicationsThe ABIdS can be utilised by early-career athletes to plan and prioritise branding efforts whilst established athletes can identify incongruence between self-image and consumer perceptions. Such gaps can be evaluated and branding activities modified accordingly. This will enable athletes to better access corporate support/sponsorship thereby reducing reliance on public funds.Originality/valueThe major difference between the ABIdS and other existing scales in the athlete brand research domain is the focus on the athlete perspective, as opposed to the consumer perspectives. Evaluating consumer perspectives does not explain how athletes perceive their own brand or how their own perception of their brand compares to that of people external to the brand (fans and consumers). The ABIdS developed in this study has the potential to achieve this objective as its design was driven by athlete perceptions but tested on both athletes and consumers.
Can foreign aid contribute to sustained growth? A comparison of selected African and Asian countries
Authors: Adams John , Elassal Ola 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIdentifying if aid flows have contributed to economic growth or growth divergence between a sample of Asian and African countries is the purpose of this paper. Using data over the period of 1980–2015, the paper attempts to establish whether aid, in any of its forms, has played a role in economic growth in these countries.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature analysis over the past 70 years sets the scene for the paper. A panel data fixed-effects model is applied for each sample (Africa and Asia) between 1980 and 2015. Both theoretical predictions and empirical studies are used to derive the independent variables selected for modelling.FindingsThe findings strongly suggest that aid flows in both the Asian and African samples have no relation at all to either long-run growth paths or growth divergence. However, there is a suggestion in the case of the Africa sample that governance decline may well be the primary source of growth divergence.Research limitations/implicationsThis result cannot be generalised because it only focuses on six countries but as demonstrated in the paper, other possible samples (from both regions) actually make no difference to the results. It could also be argued (given the comprehensive literature analysis presented here) that it is not essential to have a theoretical relationship between aid and growth because aid is given to different countries with very different characteristics, needs, governance and policy environments.Practical implicationsDonor countries must play a more supervisory role to ensure aid flows are directed to the right channels in recipient countries. Aid should be given to countries which have a certain degree of macroeconomic stability and “good” policy to ensure effectiveness. They also need to pay attention to the sectoral distribution of aid as do recipient countries to better allocate aid flows to productive sectors that contribute to both short- and long-term growth.Social implicationsThese are not given much emphasis in this paper.Originality/valueMost aid–growth studies are based on a large number of countries from different regions with different characteristics or on a single country case. This paper compares between two samples of countries sharing the same characteristics to overcome the heterogeneity problem. This paper is based on a more protracted time series from 1980 to 2015 to capture more accurately the impact of foreign aid on economic growth.
Tax Responses at Low Taxable Incomes: Evidence from Germany*
Authors: Schächtele Simeon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe desirability of a particular tax system depends on how different taxpayers react to it. Exploiting the personal allowance threshold and detailed German tax administration data, this paper examines responses at low taxable incomes to extend previous findings. Taxpayers bunch at the allowance threshold, and more so with non‐wage income. Unlike in other studies, wage earners also bunch, at least if they file a tax return, while incomes gross of deductions do not. Deductions account for a sizeable share of the sharp bunching mass of taxpayers with non‐wage income. A machine learning analysis identifies which deduction items predict such sharp bunching. The pattern of results suggests that local intensive‐margin real responses induce moderate deadweight loss.
Effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and prebiotic‐like components in common functional foods
Authors: Peng Mengfei , Tabashsum Zajeba , Anderson Mary , Truong Andy , Houser Ashley K. , Padilla Joselyn , Akmel Ahlam , Bhatti Jacob , Rahaman Shaik O. , Biswas Debabrata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bioactive ingredients in commonly consumed foods include, but are not limited to, prebiotics, prebiotic‐like components, probiotics, and postbiotics. The bioactive ingredients in functional foods have also been associated with beneficial effects on human health. For example, they aid in shaping of gut microflora and promotion of immunity. These functional components also contribute in preventing serious diseases such as cardiovascular malfunction and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms of these positive influences on human health are still under investigation. In this review, we aim to emphasize the major contents of probiotics, prebiotics, and prebiotic‐like components commonly found in consumable functional foods, and we present an overview of direct and indirect benefits they provide on human health. The major contributors are certain families of metabolites, specifically short‐chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by probiotics, and prebiotics, or prebiotic‐like components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins that are found in functional foods. These functional ingredients in foods influence the gut microbiota by stimulating the growth of beneficial microbes and the production of beneficial metabolites that, in turn, have direct benefits to the host, while also providing protection from pathogens and maintaining a balanced gut ecosystem. The complex interactions that arise among functional food ingredients, human physiology, the gut microbiota, and their respective metabolic pathways have been found to minimize several factors that contribute to the incidence of chronic disease, such as inflammation oxidative stress.
Preparation and characterization of gellan gum–guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin
Authors: Guo Na , Zhu Guilan , Chen Ding , Wang Dongkun , Zhang Fangyan , Zhang Zhilan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDemand for antimicrobial packaging films is growing due to public attention to food safety. The structures and properties of gellan gum–guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin were investigated in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological analyses showed intermolecular interactions among gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also indicated higher compatibility of the blend film components and better thermal stability than the gellan gum film. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the blend films were enhanced with the addition of guar gum. The TS of the blend film reached 2.89 × 103 MPa, the EAB increased to 67.99%, and the WVP increased to 1.80 × 10−5 g/mm·s·Pa. Additionally, the film with nisin had antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis. The results demonstrated that a homogenous and smooth antimicrobial film with gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin could be a good option of antimicrobial packaging film for food preservation.Practical ApplicationThis work investigated blend package films of gellan gum and guar gum incorporated with nisin. The results showed compatibility and thermal stability of the film were improved with adding a certain amount of guar gum, and also antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis of the blend film with nisin. Therefore, it can be used to the development of antimicrobial packaging films.
Determination of biogenic amines in Chub Mackerel from different storage methods
Authors: He Shan , Chen Yaonan , Yang Xianqing , Gao Jingrong , Su Dongxiao , Deng Jianchao , Tian Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe eight biogenic amines (BA), which are histamine (HIS), tryptamine, putrescine, 2‐phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine, were determined in Chub Mackerel under different storage conditions after being freshly caught. The storage time and temperature were varied and the guts either present or removed. This study describes a reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following precolumn derivation with dansyl chloride method for the determination of BA in in Chub Mackerel samples. HIS represented the highest content of BA regardless of the storage temperature and time. During a 24‐hr period, the content of HIS reached its highest level of 6,466.63 mg/kg at the storage temperature of 30 °C, whereas it only reached 28.73 mg/kg in 24 hr when the storage temperature was 0 °C, which is way below the standard acceptable threshold level (400 mg/kg). The storage times for the content of HIS to exceed the standard threshold level for HIS at different storage temperatures of 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C were 12, 5, 4 days, 48, 36, 15, and 14 hr, respectively. However, these times were significantly shortened when the viscera was removed from freshly‐caught fish before storage. This study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly‐caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost‐effective method to extend the storage time of freshly‐caught Chub Mackerel.Practical ApplicationThis study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly‐caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost‐effective method, which is gut‐removal during storage, to extend the storage time of freshly‐caught Chub Mackerel.
Policy Diffusion: The Issue‐Definition Stage
Authors: Gilardi Fabrizio , Shipan Charles R. , Wüest Bruno 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe put forward a new approach to studying issue definition within the context of policy diffusion. Most studies of policy diffusion—which is the process by which policymaking in one government affects policymaking in other governments—have focused on policy adoptions. We shift the focus to an important but neglected aspect of this process: the issue‐definition stage. We use topic models to estimate how policies are framed during this stage and how these frames are predicted by prior policy adoptions. Focusing on smoking restriction in U.S. states, our analysis draws upon an original data set of over 52,000 paragraphs from newspapers covering 49 states between 1996 and 2013. We find that frames regarding the policy's concrete implications are predicted by prior adoptions in other states, whereas frames regarding its normative justifications are not. Our approach and findings open the way for a new perspective to studying policy diffusion in many different areas.
Causative role for defective expression of mitochondria‐eating protein in accumulation of mitochondria in thyroid oncocytic cell tumors
Authors: Mussazhanova Zhanna , Shimamura Mika , Kurashige Tomomi , Ito Masahiro , Nakashima Masahiro , Nagayama Yuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOncocytic cell tumor of the thyroid is composed of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm that is rich in mitochondria. These tumors frequently have the mutations in mitochondrial DNA encoding the mitochondrial electron transport system complex I. However, the mechanism for accumulation of abnormal mitochondria is unknown. A noncanonical mitophagy system has recently been identified, and mitochondria‐eating protein (MIEAP) plays a key role in this system. We therefore hypothesized that accumulation of abnormal mitochondria could be attributed to defective MIEAP expression in these tumors. We first show that MIEAP was expressed in all the conventional thyroid follicular adenomas (FAs)/adenomatous goiters (AGs) but not in oncocytic FAs/AGs; its expression was defective not only in oncocytic thyroid cancers but also in the majority of conventional thyroid cancers. Expression of MIEAP was not correlated with methylation status of the 5′‐UTR of the gene. Our functional analysis showed that exogenously induced MIEAP, but not PARK2, reduced the amounts of abnormal mitochondria, as indicated by decreased reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial DNA / nuclear DNA ratios, and cytoplasmic acidification. Therefore, together with previous studies showing that impaired mitochondrial function triggers compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis that causes an increase in the amounts of mitochondria, we conclude that, in oncocytic cell tumors of the thyroid, increased abnormal mitochondria cannot be efficiently eliminated because of a loss of MIEAP expression, ie impaired MIEAP‐mediated noncanonical mitophagy.
Comparison of different morphologies of choroidal neovascularization evaluated by ocular coherence tomography angiography in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Tew Teck Boon , Lai Tso‐Ting , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Ho Tzyy‐Chang , Yang Chung‐May , Yang Chang‐Hao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImportanceThe clinical implications of different morphologies of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), as evaluated by ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD), are lacking.BackgroundTo describe the morphology of CNV in nAMD using OCTA, and to compare the visual prognosis and other structural OCT biomarkers between different morphologic patterns.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsOne hundred and forty eyes with nAMD treated with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).MethodsPatients were examined using OCTA prior to and at 3, 6 and 12 months after receiving anti‐VEGF therapy.Main Outcome MeasuresBest‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and morphologic retinal features.ResultsOrganized CNV was identified in 110/140 eyes (78.6%) using OCTA. These CNV complexes could be divided into three OCTA patterns: the ‘medusa’ pattern (n = 41), characterized by branching vessels radiating in all directions; the ‘seafan’ pattern (n = 43), characterized by branching vessels radiating to one side of the lesion; and the ‘tangled’ pattern (n = 26), characterized by globular entwined vessels without a main trunk. At baseline, the eyes with the tangled pattern were from younger patients (P = .031) with better BCVA (P = .007). There were also fewer intraretinal cysts (P = .021), less fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (P = .009), and more pachychoroid (P = .007) in eyes with the tangled pattern on OCT. At 12 months post‐treatment, patients with the tangled CNV pattern also showed greater visual improvement than patients with the other two patterns (P = .049).Conclusions and RelevanceUsing OCTA, distinct morphologies of CNV in nAMD patients were identified. These different patterns might be useful predictors for the prognosis of nAMD patients after anti‐VEGF therapy.