bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel insights on the geomagnetic field in West Africa from a new intensity reference curve (0-2000 AD)
Authors: Kapper Lisa , Serneels Vincent , Panovska Sanja , Ruíz Rafael García , Hellio Gabrielle , Groot Lennart de , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Morales Juan , Ruíz Rubén Cejudo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe geomagnetic field variations on the continent of Africa are still largely undeciphered for the past two millennia. In spite of archaeological artefacts being reliable recorders of the ancient geomagnetic field strength, only few data have been reported for this continent so far. Here we use the Thellier-Coe and calibrated pseudo-Thellier methods to recover archaeointensity data from Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast (West Africa) from well-dated archaeological artefacts. By combining our 18 new data with previously published data from West Africa, we construct a reference curve for West Africa for the past 2000 years. To obtain a reliable curve of the archaeointensity variation, we evaluate a penalized smoothing spline fit and a stochastic modelling method, both combined with a bootstrap approach. Both intensity curves agree well, supporting the confidence in our proposed intensity variation during this time span, and small differences arise from the different methodologies of treating data and uncertainties. Two prominent peaks at around 740 AD and 1050 AD appear to be common in ours and several reference curves from other locations, indicating a general westward movement from China to Hawaii of a rather stable feature of the geomagnetic field. However, independent smaller peaks that do not correlate in different locations may hint to localized expressions of the geomagnetic field as a result of temporarily varying non-dipole sources.
Mobile Real-Time Grasshopper Detection and Data Aggregation Framework
Authors: Chudzik Piotr , Mitchell Arthur , Alkaseem Mohammad , Wu Yingie , Fang Shibo , Hudaib Taghread , Pearson Simon , Al-Diri Bashir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInsects of the family Orthoptera: Acrididae including grasshoppers and locust devastate crops and eco-systems around the globe. The effective control of these insects requires large numbers of trained extension agents who try to spot concentrations of the insects on the ground so that they can be destroyed before they take flight. This is a challenging and difficult task. No automatic detection system is yet available to increase scouting productivity, data scale and fidelity. Here we demonstrate MAESTRO, a novel grasshopper detection framework that deploys deep learning within RBG images to detect insects. MAESTRO uses a state-of-the-art two-stage training deep learning approach. The framework can be deployed not only on desktop computers but also on edge devices without internet connection such as smartphones. MAESTRO can gather data using cloud storage for further research and in-depth analysis. In addition, we provide a challenging new open dataset (GHCID) of highly variable grasshopper populations imaged in Inner Mongolia. The detection performance of the stationary method and the mobile App are 78 and 49 percent respectively; the stationary method requires around 1000 ms to analyze a single image, whereas the mobile app uses only around 400 ms per image. The algorithms are purely data-driven and can be used for other detection tasks in agriculture (e.g. plant disease detection) and beyond. This system can play a crucial role in the collection and analysis of data to enable more effective control of this critical global pest.
Interactions of Cisplatin and Daunorubicin at the Chromatin Level
Authors: Firouzi Niaki Erfaneh , Van Acker Thibaut , Imre László , Nánási Péter , Tarapcsák Szabolcs , Bacsó Zsolt , Vanhaecke Frank , Szabó Gábor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnexpectedly, the widely used anticancer agents Cisplatin (Cis-Pt) and Daunorubicin (Dauno) exhibited cell type- and concentration-dependent synergy or antagonism in vitro. We attempted to interpret these effects in terms of the changes elicited by the drugs in the chromatin, the target held primarily responsible for the cytotoxicity of both agents. We measured the effect of Cis-Pt on the levels of Dauno in different cell compartments, the effect of Cis-Pt on Dauno-induced nucleosome eviction, and assessed the influence of Dauno on DNA platination in flow- and laser scanning cytometry as well as in laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assays. We show that the two drugs antagonize each other through a decrease of interstrand crosslinks upon co-treatment with Dauno, and also via the diminished Dauno uptake in the presence of Cis-Pt, and both effects are observed already at low Dauno concentrations. At high Dauno concentrations synergy becomes dominant because histone eviction by Dauno intercalation into the DNA is enhanced in the presence of co-treatment with Cis-Pt. These interactions may have an impact on the efficacy of combination treatment protocols, considering the long retention time of DNA adducts formed by both agents.
Growth, health aspects and histopathology of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.): replacing fishmeal with soybean meal and brewer’s yeast
Authors: Matulić Daniel , Barišić Josip , Aničić Ivica , Tomljanović Tea , Safner Roman , Treer Tomislav , Gao Jian , Glojnarić Ines , Čož-Rakovac Rozelindra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA ten-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) and brewer’s yeast (BY) on growth performance, blood parameters, oxidative stress and micromorphology of liver and intestines in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.). Fish were fed nine feeds in which FM was replaced with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SBM (K1, K2, K3 and K4) and 17% + 8%, 42% + 8%, 67% + 8% and 92% + 8% of SBM/BY combination (K5, K6, K7, K8). Growth indices showed greater outcomes for the K2 group in comparison to all other groups. A decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations was found after FM replacement. Activity of SOD was higher in groups K4, K7 and K8. The early inflammatory indications with abnormal vacuolization of lamina propria and basal epithelium were present in diets K4 and K8. Hepatocytes were irregular in shape with signs of inflammatory reaction in diet K8. A decreased perimeter of hepatocyte nuclei was detected in all experimental diets when compared with the control. This study demonstrates that the optimal replacement of FM with SBM/BY in brown bullhead diets contains up to 50% of FM replaced with SBM in order to obtain advantageous growth performance and adequate health condition.
Comparisons of the antibody repertoires of a humanized rodent and humans by high throughput sequencing
Authors: Joyce Collin , Burton Dennis R. , Briney Bryan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe humanization of animal model immune systems by genetic engineering has shown great promise for antibody discovery, tolerance studies and for the evaluation of vaccines. Assessment of the baseline antibody repertoires of unimmunized model animals will be useful as a benchmark for future immunization experiments. We characterized the heavy chain and kappa light chain antibody repertoires of a model animal, the OmniRat, by high throughput antibody sequencing and made use of two novel datasets for comparison to human repertoires. Intra-animal and inter-animal repertoire comparisons reveal a high level of conservation in antibody diversity between the lymph node and spleen and between members of the species. Multiple differences were found in both the heavy and kappa chain repertoires between OmniRats and humans including gene segment usage, CDR3 length distributions, class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation levels and in features of V(D)J recombination. The Inference and Generation of Repertoires (IGoR) software tool was used to model recombination in VH regions which allowed for the quantification of some of these differences. Diversity estimates of the OmniRat heavy chain repertoires almost reached that of humans, around two orders of magnitude less. Despite variation between the species repertoires, a high frequency of OmniRat clonotypes were also found in the human repertoire. These data give insights into the development and selection of humanized animal antibodies and provide actionable information for use in vaccine studies.
Arrangement optimization of water-driven triboelectric nanogenerators considering capillary phenomenon between hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Park Hong Ryul , Lee Jeong-Won , Kim Dong Sung , Sim Jae-Yoon , Song Insang , Hwang Woonbong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rise in environmental issues has stimulated research on alternative energy. In this regard, triboelectric generation has received much attention as one of several new alternative energy sources. Among the triboelectric generation methods, solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerators (SLTENGs) have been actively investigated owing to their durability and broad applicability. In this paper, we report on the optimum arrangement of SLTENGs to increase the generation of electrical energy. When hydrophobic SLTENGs are arranged in parallel with a specific intervening gap, the friction area between the water and the surface of the SLTENGs is changed owing to the different penetration distances of water between them. This difference affects the amount of triboelectricity generated; this change in the water contact area is caused by the capillary phenomenon. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the gap on water penetration and formulated an optimum arrangement to achieve optimum electricity generation efficiency when multiple SLTENGs are contained in a limited volume. The proposed optimum arrangement of SLTENGs is expected to have high utilization in energy harvesting from natural environment sources such as wave energy or water flow.
Vertical migration by bulk phytoplankton sustains biodiversity and nutrient input to the surface ocean
Authors: Wirtz Kai , Smith S. Lan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton subsumes the great variety of unicellular photoautotrophs that perform roughly half of Earth’s primary production. They achieve this despite their challenging oceanic habitat, with opposing vertical gradients of nutrients (which often limit their growth near the surface) and light (which becomes limiting with increasing depth). Most phytoplankton species are commonly assumed to be incapable of moving actively between the zones of light and nutrient availability, which are separated vertically by from 30–120 m. Here we propose that a considerable fraction of phytoplankton vertically traverse these gradients over time scales from hours to weeks, employing variations of a common migration strategy to acquire multiple resources. We present a mechanistic Lagrangian model resolving phytoplankton growth linked to optimal migration behaviour and demonstrate unprecedented agreement of its calculated vertical CHL-a distributions with 773 profiles observed at five prominent marine time-series stations. Our simulations reveal that vertically cycling phytoplankton can pump up enough nutrient to sustain as much as half of oceanic Net Primary Production (NPP). Active locomotion is therefore a plausible mechanism enabling relatively high NPP in the oligotrophic surface ocean. Our simulations also predict similar fitness for a variety of very different migration strategies, which helps to explain the puzzling diversity of phytoplankton observed in the ocean.
Direct and sensitive detection of a microsporidian parasite of bumblebees using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Kato Yuto , Yanagisawa Takahiro , Nakai Madoka , Komatsu Ken , Inoue Maki N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reduction of bumblebee populations has been reported in the last decades, and the microsporidian parasite Nosema bombi is considered as one of the factors contributing to such reduction. Although the decline of bee populations affects both wild plants and human food supply, the effects of Nosema spp. infections are not known because it is difficult to obtain infective spores from wild bees due to their low prevalence. Microscopical observation of fecal samples or midgut homogenates and/or PCR are generally used for N. bombi detection. However, the germination rate of microsporidian spore declines if they are kept at 4 °C for a long time or frozen. It is therefore crucial to minimize the diagnosis and isolation time of infective spores from field-collected samples. Therefore, we performed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the direct detection of N. bombi in bumblebee midgut homogenates. Using this method, we could detect N. bombi from individuals from which it was visible under the microscope and directly from wild individuals.
Nutrimetabolomics reveals food-specific compounds in urine of adults consuming a DASH-style diet
Authors: Reisdorph Nichole A. , Hendricks Audrey E. , Tang Minghua , Doenges Katrina A. , Reisdorph Richard M. , Tooker Brian C. , Quinn Kevin , Borengasser Sarah J. , Nkrumah-Elie Yasmeen , Frank Daniel N. , Campbell Wayne W. , Krebs Nancy F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough health benefits of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are established, it is not understood which food compounds result in these benefits. We used metabolomics to identify unique compounds from individual foods of a DASH-style diet and determined if these Food-Specific Compounds (FSC) are detectable in urine from participants in a DASH-style dietary study. We also examined relationships between urinary compounds and blood pressure (BP). Nineteen subjects were randomized into 6-week controlled DASH-style diet interventions. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed on 24-hour urine samples collected before and after each intervention and on 12 representative DASH-style foods. Between 66–969 compounds were catalogued as FSC; for example, 4-hydroxydiphenylamine was found to be unique to apple. Overall, 13–190 of these FSC were detected in urine, demonstrating that these unmetabolized food compounds can be discovered in urine using metabolomics. Although linear mixed effects models showed no FSC from the 12 profiled foods were significantly associated with BP, other endogenous and food-related compounds were associated with BP (N = 16) and changes in BP over time (N = 6). Overall, this proof of principle study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used to catalog FSC, which can be detected in participant urine following a dietary intervention.
Controllable unidirectional transport and light trapping using a one-dimensional lattice with non-Hermitian coupling
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Yan , Wu Jin-Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose a one-dimensional tight-binding lattice with special non-Hermitian coupling, the imaginary part of which is modulated by an effective Peierls phase arising from the synthetic magnetic field. Such a non-Hermitian lattice supports robust unidirectional transport that is reflectionless and immune to defects; it thus can serve as a frequency-selectable light filter. To achieve more applications, we further construct two well-designed structures involving this lattice, namely a heterostructure and a sandwich structure. An optical diode can be realized using the heterostructure, while tunable light trapping and reversal can be realized through phase modulations on the sandwich structure. The results in this paper may not only open up a new path for unconventional light transport but also have potential applications for optical communication.
Integrated photonic guided metalens based on a pseudo-graded index distribution
Authors: Hassan Karim , Dallery Jacques-Alexandre , Brianceau Pierre , Boutami Salim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we report an integrated optical nanolens exhibiting a pseudo-graded index distribution in a guided configuration. This dielectric metalens relies on a permittivity distribution through dielectric strips of the core material, which is compatible with existing silicon photonic technology. We show in this paper that effective medium theory (EMT) inaccurately predicts the focal length of such devices, and we propose an efficient and accurate design approach based on 2D finite element method (FEM) mode calculations that are in good agreement with 3D FDTD simulations. The lens was fabricated on a 200 mm silicon on insulator pilot line, and fibre-to-fibre optical characterizations revealed an excellent transmission of 85% for TM polarization, in line with the simulated performance (90%). The proposed approach can be easily extended to width-variable strips, enabling the realization of all types of graded index devices, especially those derived from transformation optics.
Substrate specificity of plastid phosphate transporters in a non-photosynthetic diatom and its implication in evolution of red alga-derived complex plastids
Authors: Moog Daniel , Nozawa Akira , Tozawa Yuzuru , Kamikawa Ryoma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe triose phosphate transporter (TPT) is one of the prerequisites to exchange metabolites between the cytosol and plastids. In this study, we demonstrated that the four plastid TPT homologues in the non-photosynthetic diatom Nitzschia sp. NIES-3581 were highly likely integrated into plastid envelope membranes similar to counterparts in the model photosynthetic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in terms of target membranes and C-terminal orientations. Three of the four Nitzschia TPT homologues are capable of transporting various metabolites into proteo-liposomes including triose phosphates (TPs) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the transport substrates sufficient to support the metabolic pathways retained in the non-photosynthetic diatom plastid. Phylogenetic analysis of TPTs and closely related transporter proteins indicated that diatoms and other algae with red alga-derived complex plastids possess only TPT homologues but lack homologues of the glucose 6-phosphate transporter (GPT), xylulose 5-phosphate transporter (XPT), and phosphoenolpyruvate transporter (PPT). Comparative sequence analysis suggests that many TPT homologues of red alga-derived complex plastids potentially have the ability to transport mainly TPs and PEP. TPTs transporting both TPs and PEP highly likely mediate a metabolic crosstalk between a red alga-derived complex plastid and the cytosol in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species, which explains the lack of PPTs in all the lineages with red alga-derived complex plastids. The PEP-transporting TPTs might have emerged in an early phase of endosymbiosis between a red alga and a eukaryote host, given the broad distribution of that type of transporters in all branches of red alga-derived complex plastid-bearing lineages, and have probably played a key role in the establishment and retention of a controllable, intracellular metabolic connection in those organisms.
Terahertz Magneto-Optic Sensor/Imager
Authors: Bulgarevich Dmitry S. , Akamine Yusuke , Talara Miezel , Mag-usara Valynn , Kitahara Hideaki , Kato Hiroyuki , Shiihara Masaki , Tani Masahiko , Watanabe Makoto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe are reporting a new type of compact magneto-optic sensor constructed from terahertz-wave spintronic emitter and electro-optic detector. The corresponding terahertz polarization output of the emitter and the detection phase-sensitivity of the detector depend on the vector of the external magnetic field. The emitter/detector pair consists of two small and thin wafers sandwiched together and capped with a thin gold mirror. As a result, the use of bulky terahertz steering/collection optics was completely eliminated in our magneto-optic imager. With such simple on-chip generation/detection scheme for terahertz time-domain setup in reflection-type geometry, we were able to record the raster-scanned image contrast of a permanent magnet in the proximity of the sensor surface. The contrast strongly varies with the magnet orientation and its position with respect to the sensor. The imager spatial resolution depends on chip optical quality for tight femtosecond-laser pump/probe cross-focusing at detector/mirror interface and terahertz generation/detection efficiency. In this respect, the chip robustness to the pump/probe fluences is also an important factor to consider.
The prostaglandin receptor EP2 determines prognosis in EP3-negative and galectin-3-high cervical cancer cases
Authors: Dietlmeier Sebastian , Ye Yao , Kuhn Christina , Vattai Aurelia , Vilsmaier Theresa , Schröder Lennard , Kost Bernd P. , Gallwas Julia , Jeschke Udo , Mahner Sven , Heidegger Helene Hildegard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently our study identified EP3 receptor and galectin-3 as prognosticators of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was the analysis of EP2 as a novel marker and its association to EP3, galectin-3, clinical pathological parameters and the overall survival rate of cervical cancer patients. Cervical cancer tissues (n = 250), as also used in our previous study, were stained with anti-EP2 antibodies employing a standardized immunohistochemistry protocol. Staining results were analyzed by the IRS scores and evaluated for its association with clinical-pathological parameters. H-test of EP2 percent-score showed significantly different expression in FIGO I-IV stages and tumor stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that EP3-negative/EP2-high staining patients (EP2 IRS score ≥2) had a significantly higher survival rate than the EP3-negative/EP2-low staining cases (p = 0.049). In the subgroup of high galectin-3 expressing patients, the group with high EP2 levels (IRS ≥2) had significantly better survival rates compared to EP2-low expressing group (IRS <2, p = 0.044). We demonstrated that the EP2 receptor is a prognostic factor for the overall survival in the subgroup of negative EP3 and high galectin-3 expressed cervical cancer patients. EP2 in combination with EP3 or galectin-3 might act as prognostic indicators of cervical cancer. EP2, EP3, and galectin-3 could be targeted for clinical diagnosis or endocrine treatment in cervical cancer patients, which demands future investigations.
Group membership dictates the neural correlates of social optimism biases
Authors: Dricu Mihai , Schüpbach Laurent , Bristle Mirko , Wiest Roland , Moser Dominik A. , Aue Tatjana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptimism bias, i.e. expecting the future to hold more desirable than undesirable outcomes, also extends to people that we like or admire. However, it remains unknown how the brain generates this social optimism bias. In this study, respondents estimated the likelihood of future desirable and undesirable outcomes for an in-group and three out-groups: warm-incompetent, cold-competent, and cold-incompetent. We found a strong social optimism bias for the in-group and the warm out-group and an inverted pattern for the cold-incompetent out-group. For all groups, scores of social optimism bias correlated with the brain activity in structures that respondents differentially engaged depending on the target social group. In line with our hypotheses, evaluating the in-group recruited the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, whereas evaluating the warm out-group engaged the posterior insula, mid cingulate cortex, and somatosensory cortices. These findings suggest different underlying cognitive mechanisms of social optimism bias for these groups, despite similar behavioural patterns. Thinking about the cold out-groups recruited the right anterior temporal lobe, and temporoparietal junction. Evaluating the cold-incompetent out-group additionally recruited the anterior insula, inferior frontal cortex and dorsomedial frontal cortex. We discuss these neuroimaging findings with respect to their putative cognitive functions.