bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual sensitivity enhancement in gold nanoparticle‐based lateral flow immunoassay for visual detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Mahmoudi Tohid , Shirdel Behnaz , Mansoori Behzad , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we presented the development of cost‐effective dual sensitivity enhancement in gold nanoparticle‐based lateral flow test strip for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. On the one hand, we employed protein G as a host matrix for oriented immobilization of antibodies within the nitrocellulose membrane. On the other hand, we utilized gold enhancement approach to visualize the final signals effectively. Primary examinations revealed that the smaller sized nanoparticles have greater signal enhancement compared to bigger ones. So, mono‐dispersed gold nanoparticles with average diameters of 11.40 ± 1.40 nm were utilized as tags. The measurement of fluorescent intensity of FITC‐tagged secondary antibody attached to the polyclonal antibody, in the presence/absence of protein G as a host matrix on microplate wells, showed the successful oriented immobilization of antibodies via the host matrix. The FESEM images confirmed the attachment and growth of nanoparticles within the porous nitrocellulose membrane, after gold enhancement. Finally, under the optimized conditions, the developed strip could quantify the standard values of target within 2‐50 ng/mL range with a limit of detection of 0.35 ng/mL. This strategy enabled the reduction of antibody consumption from a conventional amount of 0.6 µg/strip down to 0.012 µg/strip. The serum samples containing carcinoembryonic antigen were also successfully analyzed by the developed strip with a visual detection limit of 10 ng/mL, which confirms favorable characteristics of the developed test strip for point‐of‐care applications.
Atomic Layer Fluorination of 5 V Class Positive Electrode Material LiCoPO4 for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Kim Eun Jeong , Charles‐Blin Youn , Guérin Katia , Dubois Marc , Flahaut Delphine , Martinez Herve , Deschamps Michaël , Miller David N. , Irvine John T. S. , Armstrong A. Robert , Monconduit Laure , Louvain Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe surface fluorination of lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO4, LCP) using a one‐step, room temperature processable, easily up‐scalable and dry surface modification method with XeF2 as fluorine source was developed. After fluorination, fluorine‐rich nanoparticles were observed mainly on the particle surface, which facilitates the improvement of surface stability and electrochemical performance such as cycling stability and rate capability, as the fluorinated LCP can be protected against side reactions with electrolyte or by‐products of electrolyte decomposition at high voltage (5 V). More importantly, the direct surface fluorination proved more efficient than adding a fluorinated electrolyte additive (i. e., FEC). These results suggest that surface fluorination using XeF2 is of great promise for practical applications of high voltage positive materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Vasoactive exposures and risk of amniotic band syndrome and terminal transverse limb deficiencies
Authors: Adrien Nedghie , Petersen Julie M. , Parker Samantha E. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAmniotic band syndrome (ABS) includes limb deficiencies accompanied by fibrous strands originating from the amniotic lining. Terminal transverse limb deficiencies (TTLD) appear to be similar but lack fibrous strands. Both are hypothesized to result from vascular disruption. For ABS, limb deficiencies are considered secondary to amnion rupture. We explored an alternative possibility—that TTLD is the primary defect and ABS is secondary.MethodsUsing data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we expanded on a previous study. We examined smoking, alcohol, and medications categorized by indicated vasoactivity as markers of vascular disruption. Logistic regression models with Firth's penalized likelihood were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsUse of bronchodilators and aspirin appeared to increase the risk of ABS, while decongestants and nonaspirin NSAIDs increased the risk of TTLD. The risk of ABS was markedly increased in cases reporting combinations of vasoactive exposures, particularly alcohol and aspirin (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6, 7.8), and alcohol and bronchodilators (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.4, 7.5). Increased risk of TTLD due to combinations of vasoactive exposures was only observed for smoking and decongestants (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4, 3.6).ConclusionsExposures associated with increased risk of ABS had no apparent association with TTLD, supporting previous evidence that these may be distinct phenotypes. ABS appears to be associated with combined exposures with vasodilation properties, such as alcohol and bronchodilators, while increased risk of TTLD may be associated with smoking and decongestants, both vasoconstrictive exposures.
Recent advances in methodologies and applications of cataluminescence sensing
Authors: Hu Jiaxi , Zhang Lichun , Su Yinigying , Lv Yi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCataluminescence (CTL), a kind of chemiluminescence emitted at the gas–solid interface during catalytic oxidation reactions, has been developed for many decades as a novel and promising gas sensing technique. In this review, we introduce the origin, basic principles, and mechanisms of CTL sensing systems and summarize the recent advances in CTL sensing, focusing on methodologies and extended applications such as in gas selective monitoring, recognition of complex mixture, evaluation for catalytic property and use in high‐performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography detectors. In addition, development prospects and some challenges facing CTL‐based sensing are also discussed.
The effectiveness of flipped classroom on learning outcomes of medical statistics in a Chinese medical school
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Junyi , Wang Chengwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMedical statistics is one of the most important courses for medical students. It requires tremendous practice opportunities to fully master the learning contents. The in‐class lectures inevitably reduce students' practice opportunities and the possibility of getting timely feedbacks. More importantly, a passive learning experience made by traditional class may eliminate any sense of autonomy or competence in learners. Thus, the present study attempted to redesign medical statistics course in a Chinese medical school by using the flipped classroom approach and examined the effectiveness of this approach on learning interest, self‐regulated learning ability, and academic performance. The results showed both learning interest and academic performance experienced significant increase within the traditional class and flipped class; however, the changes in the flipped class were significantly larger than the traditional class. As for self‐regulated learning, it significantly increased only within the flipped class, no significant change was found within the traditional class. The change of self‐regulated learning in the flipped class was not significantly different from the traditional class. In general, the effectiveness of flipped classroom approach for medical statistics was verified. Further studies should examine whether the flipped classroom approach for medical statistics is benefit to self‐regulated learning or metacognition.
What Do Confessions Reveal about Abusive Head Trauma? A Systematic Review
Authors: Edwards George A. , Maguire Sabine A. , Gaither Julie R. , Leventhal John M. 
Published: June 2020

Although confessions related to abusive head trauma (AHT) are reported, no detailed analysis exists. Therefore, we systematically reviewed studies of AHT confessions and examined the details, including country of origin, mechanisms and perpetrators' characteristics. Employing 36 search terms across three search engines, we searched Medline and CINAHL from 1963 to 2018. All relevant studies underwent two independent reviews and data extraction. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample; chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. Of 6759 identified studies, 157 full texts were reviewed and 55 articles from 15 countries spanning four continents were included. Included articles contained 434 confessions. The mechanisms of abuse included shaking alone (64.1%), impact alone (17.1%), shaking plus impact (18.0%) and other (0.9%). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of confessions reporting shaking alone when comparing continents: North America (64.0%), Europe (64.2%) and Oceania (60.0%; p = 0.92), or when comparing circumstances in which the confession was obtained: medical evaluation (74.6%) vs police or judicial investigations (63.4%; p = 0.11). Of 119 cases with identified perpetrators, 67.2 per cent were cases with males alone. Confessions reveal striking similarities in the mechanism of AHT (predominantly shaking) that occur across the globe.Key Practitioner Messages

Confessions can provide important information about AHT and have been reported in medical literature for over 40 years.
The quality of evidence for the association of shaking with AHT has been questioned, but no systematic review of confessions of AHT has been performed previously.
This systematic review of confessions of AHT reveals that shaking is the most common mechanism reported and that shaking and AHT occur together across the world.
‘We systematically reviewed studies of AHT confessions and examined the details, including country of origin, mechanisms and perpetrators' characteristics’
Sequences of Tolypins, Insecticidal Efrapeptin‐Type Peptaibiotics from Species of the Fungal Genus Tolypocladium
Authors: Brückner Hans , Degenkolb Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA peptide mixture named tolypin, originally isolated from species of the fungal genus Tolypocladium, was structurally characterised and sequences compared to those reported for efrapeptins isolated from strains of Tolypocladium inflatum. Chiral amino acid analysis, direct infusion, and online HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry provided composition, molecular weights of peptides, and series of diagnostic fragment ions. Sequences deduced from ESI‐MS revealed that tolypins C−G are identical to efrapeptins C−G. The results were corroborated by ESI‐MS and HPLC of an authentic efrapeptin sample from Eli Lilly Research Laboratories (USA). Comparison of the HPLC elution profiles of efrapeptin and tolypin indicated a pronounced microheterogeneity of the former. A high‐resolution HPLC of authentic efrapeptin has not been published before. Close relationship and partial identity of sequences of tolypins and efrapeptins, which had previously been postulated, were definitely proven. The geographical origin of the two most important T. inflatum strains used for sequencing of efrapeptins/tolypins could unambiguously be clarified. A new minor compound, designated tolypin H1, was sequenced. High proportions of helicogenic Aib (α‐aminoisobutyric acid) and l‐isovaline, N‐terminal acetyl‐l‐pipecolic acid and the unusual, amide‐bound C‐terminal residue, named (S)‐2‐amino‐1‐(1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene‐5‐ylium)‐4‐methylpentane corresponding to 1‐[(2S)‐2‐amino‐4‐methylpentyl]‐2,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐1‐ium, define these peptides as linear, cationic peptaibiotics.
Novel Treatment Paradigms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Khanal Nabin , Upadhyay Banskota Shristi , Bhatt Vijaya Raj 
Published: June 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease marked by the presence of several driver mutations and molecular subgroups even in a single patient. The genetic and molecular heterogeneity is also reflected by a progressive shift from a morphologic classification to one informed by causative genomic changes. Cytogenetic results and somatic mutations are increasingly being utilized to guide use of intensive chemotherapy and low‐intensity chemotherapy, particularly among older adults. Utilization of next‐generation sequencing in AML has led to increasing use of targeted treatments for actionable mutations. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction‐based mutational analysis and multicolor flow cytometry offer sensitive assays that can detect minimal residual disease (MRD). Several studies have shown that MRD negativity, as defined by specified cutoff values, is highly prognostic with potential therapeutic implications. The last 3 years mark an unprecedented history in the drug development in AML with approval of 8 new drugs and large portfolio of ongoing early and late‐phase trials of several promising drugs. Multiple combinatorial trials of approved agents and approval of newer agents in the future will continue to change the therapeutic landscape of AML.
Visual node module: An open‐source extension to the ns‐3 network simulator
Authors: Mosaif Afaf , Rakrak Said 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA wireless visual sensor network is a collective network of directional and battery‐operated sensor nodes equipped with cameras. The field of view of these nodes depends on the camera opening angle, its direction, and its depth of view. Therefore, coverage and object detection in this type of networks are more challenging compared with the traditional wireless sensor networks. Thus, many researchers propose algorithms and solutions in this field that need tests and simulations. In this paper, we focus on network simulator 3 (ns‐3), which is an open‐source and discrete‐event tool suitable for wireless network simulation targeted primarily for research and educational use. The lack of models that can simulate visual sensor nodes in this simulator motivated us to design and develop a new visual node module as an extension of the ns‐3 core libraries and also to adapt the NetAnim tool to present these nodes graphically. This module will help researchers to simulate, test, and visualize their solutions in wireless visual sensor networks field. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the proposed module. Furthermore, we show how it can be used in ns‐3 to simulate different scenarios of object detection and visualize the results in NetAnim tool.
Environmental enrichment modulates inflammation during development in long‐evans rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Scarola Samantha J. , Bardi Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is unknown whether increased production of pro‐inflammatory mediators during the life span is caused by aging per se or via the combination of a cumulative allostatic load due to life challenges. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of stress and environmental enrichment on the inflammatory status associated with aging in rats. Animals were assigned to the following five treatment groups: chronic stress with and without environmental enrichment; acute stress with and without environmental enrichment; control animals. Enrichment was provided as an open field containing novel objects (30 min three times per week). Animals assigned to chronic stress groups were exposed to predator sound stressors (e.g., hawk sound) for 30 min daily, while animals assigned to acute stress groups were exposed once a week for 30 min. The interaction between the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system was investigated by measuring metabolized dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and peripheral levels of the cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐10. Results suggested that inflamm‐aging was more pronounced in animals with low DHEA levels, which in turn were affected by exposure to environmental enrichment and acute stress. This study showed that environmental enrichment and acute stress can significantly attenuate disruptions in DHEA production, consequently contributing to improved neuroimmune function of aging animals.
Occurrence of apomictic conspecifics and ecological preferences rather than colonization history govern the geographic distribution of sexualPotentilla puberula
Authors: Nardi Flavia Domizia , Hülber Karl , Moser Dietmar , Alonso‐Marcos Henar , Tribsch Andreas , Dobeš Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe geographic distribution of sexual‐apomictic taxa (i.e., comprising individuals usually reproducing either sexually or asexually via seeds) is traditionally thought to be driven by their ecological preferences and colonization histories. Where sexuals and apomicts get into contact with each other, competitive and reproductive interactions can interfere with these factors, an aspect which hitherto received little attention in biogeographic studies. We disentangled and quantified the relative effects of the three factors on the distribution of tetraploid sexuals inPotentilla puberulain a latitudinal transect through the Eastern European Alps, in which they are codistributed with penta‐, hepta‐, and octoploid apomictic conspecifics. Effects were explored by means of binomial generalized linear regression models combining a single with a multiple predictor approach. Postglacial colonization history was inferred from population genetic variation (AFLPs and cpDNA) and quantified using a cost distance metric. The study was based on 235 populations, which were purely sexual, purely apomictic, or of mixed reproductive mode. The occurrence of apomicts explained most of the variation in the distribution of sexuals (31%). Specifically, the presence of sexual tetraploids was negatively related to the presence of each of the three apomictic cytotypes. Effects of ecological preferences were substantial too (7% and 12% of the total variation explained by ecological preferences alone, or jointly with apomicts’ occurrence, respectively). In contrast, colonization history had negligible effects on the occurrence of sexuals. Taken together, our results highlight the potentially high impact of reproductive interactions on the geographic distribution of sexual and apomictic conspecifics and that resultant mutual exclusion interrelates to ecological differentiation, a situation potentially promoting their local coexistence.
Quantifying the impact of the modifiable areal unit problem when estimating the health effects of air pollution
Authors: Lee Duncan , Robertson Chris , Ramsay Colin , Pyper Kate 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAir pollution is a major public health concern, and large numbers of epidemiological studies have been conducted to quantify its impacts. One study design used to quantify these impacts is a spatial areal unit design, which estimates a population‐level association using data on air pollution concentrations and disease incidence that have been spatially aggregated to a set of nonoverlapping areal units. A major criticism of this study design is that the specification of these areal units is arbitrary, and if one changed their boundaries then the aggregated data would change despite the locations of the disease cases and the air pollution surface remaining the same. This is known as the modifiable areal unit problem, and this is the first article to quantify its likely effects in air pollution and health studies. In addition, we derive an aggregate model for these data directly from an idealized individual‐level risk model and show that it provides better estimation than the commonly used ecological model. Our work is motivated by a new study of air pollution and health in Scotland, and we find consistent significant associations between air pollution and respiratory disease but not for circulatory disease.
Insecticide use and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: A subset meta‐analysis of the North American Pooled Project
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Spinelli John J. , Blair Aaron , Pahwa Manisha , Koutros Stella , Hoar Zahm Shelia , Cantor Kenneth P. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Pahwa Punam , Dosman James A. , McLaughlin John R. , Demers Paul A. , Harris Shelley A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsecticide use has been linked to increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, findings of epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent, particularly for NHL subtypes. We analyzed 1690 NHL cases and 5131 controls in the North American Pooled Project (NAPP) to investigate self‐reported insecticide use and risk of NHL overall and by subtypes: follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for each insecticide were estimated using logistic regression. Subtype‐specific associations were evaluated using ASSET (Association analysis for SubSETs). Increased risks of multiple NHL subtypes were observed for lindane (OR = 1.60, 1.20‐2.10: FL, DLCBL, SLL), chlordane (OR = 1.59, 1.17‐2.16: FL, SLL) and DDT (OR = 1.36, 1.06‐1.73: DLBCL, SLL). Positive trends were observed, within the subsets with identified associations, for increasing categories of exposure duration for lindane (Ptrend = 1.7 × 10−4), chlordane (Ptrend = 1.0 × 10−3) and DDT (Ptrend = 4.2 × 10−3), however, the exposure‐response relationship was nonlinear. Ever use of pyrethrum was associated with an increased risk of FL (OR = 3.65, 1.45‐9.15), and the relationship with duration of use appeared monotonic (OR for >10 years: OR = 5.38, 1.75‐16.53; Ptrend = 3.6 × 10−3). Our analysis identified several novel associations between insecticide use and specific NHL subtypes, suggesting possible etiologic heterogeneity in the context of pesticide exposure.
The rs2302685 polymorphism in the LRP6 gene is associated with bone mineral density and body composition in Iranian children
Authors: Montazeri‐Najafabady Nima , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadian Amiri Rajeeh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome 60–80% of the variability in bone mineral density (BMD) is determined by genetic factors. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the rs2302685 polymorphism of LRP6 on BMD and body composition in Iranian children.MethodsIn total, 200 children (101 boys and 99 girls) were enrolled in the study. Body composition and BMD were computed using the Hologic DXA System (Hologic, Marlborough, MA, USA). The single nucleotide polymorphism of LRP6 rs2302685 (V1062I) was determined using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. A generalized linear model was performed to find the association between LRP6 polymorphisms, BMD and body composition in two adjusted models.ResultsIn model 1, a significant difference was found between LRP6 (rs2302685) polymorphism, trochanteric BMD (p= 0.007), intertrochanteric BMD (p= 0.007), total fat (p= 0.001), total fat (%) (p= 0.034), total lean mass (p= 0.031), total Lean + BMC (p= 0.036) and total mass (p= 0.001). In model 2, LRP6 (rs2302685) polymorphisms showed a significant effect on the trochanteric BMD (p= 0.005), intertrochanteric BMD (p= 0.005), total fat (p= 0.001), total fat (%) (p= 0.013) and total mass (p= 0.01). Total fat, total fat (%) and total body mass were higher in subjects with the CC genotype compared to the TT/CT genotype, whereas total lean mass and total Lean + BMC were higher in the TT/CT genotype.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the LRP6 polymorphism may be associated with body composition and BMD in Iranian children.