bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal atrophy characterization of cortical and subcortical gray matter in Huntington’s disease patients
Authors: Ramirez‐Garcia Gabriel , Galvez Víctor , Diaz Rosalinda , Bayliss Leo , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan , Campos‐Romo Aurelio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations that involve motor, cognitive and psychiatric deficits. Cross‐sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have described the main cortical and subcortical macrostructural atrophy of HD. However, longitudinal studies characterizing progressive atrophy are lacking. This study aimed to describe the cortical and subcortical gray matter atrophy using complementary volumetric and surface‐based MRI analyses in a cohort of seventeen early HD patients in a cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis and to correlate the longitudinal volumetric atrophy with the functional decline using several clinical measures. A group of seventeen healthy individuals was included as controls. After obtaining structural MRIs, volumetric analyses were performed in 36 cortical and 7 subcortical regions of interest per hemisphere and surface‐based analyses were performed in the whole cortex, caudate, putamen and thalamus. Cross‐sectional cortical surface‐based and volumetric analyses showed significant decreases in frontoparietal and temporo‐occipital cortices, while subcortical volumetric analysis showed significant decreases in all subcortical structures except the hippocampus. The longitudinal surface‐based analysis showed widespread cortical thinning with volumetric decreases in the superior frontal lobe, while a subcortical volumetric decrease occurred in the caudate, putamen and thalamus with shape deformation on the anterior, medial and dorsal side. Functional capacity and motor status decline correlated with caudate progressive atrophy, while cognitive decline correlated with left superior frontal and right paracentral progressive atrophy. These results provide new insights into progressive volumetric and surface‐based morphometric atrophy of gray matter in HD.
RMJG Rutile: A New Natural Reference Material for Microbeam U‐Pb Dating and Hf Isotopic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Le , Wu Jia‐Lin , Tu Jia‐Run , Wu Dan , Li Nan , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Ren Zhong‐Yuan 
Published: November 2019

Matrix‐matched reference materials are necessary for accurate microbeam U‐Pb dating and Hf isotopic determination. This study introduces the RMJG rutile as a new potential reference material, which was separated from Palaeoproterozoic pelitic granulites collected in Hebei Province, China. LA‐ICP‐MS measurements indicate the RMJG rutile has extremely low Th (< 0.003 ± 0.01 µg g−1) and common Pb contents, but high Hf (102 ± 34 µg g−1), U (61 ± 11 µg g−1), and radiogenic Pb (~ 20 µg g−1) contents. Moreover, the rutile yields relatively constant U‐Pb ages and Hf isotopic data. The LA‐ICP‐MS analyses suggest that this rutile has a concordant U‐Pb age with a statistical mean 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U ages of 1749.9 ± 32.1 Ma and 1750.0 ± 26.4 Ma, respectively (2s), which are statistically indistinguishable from its ID‐TIMS ages (1750.6 ± 8.4 and 1750.1 ± 4.7 Ma). Precise determination of the 176Hf/177Hf ratio by MC‐ICP‐MS in solution mode (0.281652 ± 0.000006) is in good agreement with the statistical mean of the LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS measurements (0.28166 ± 0.00018). Therefore, the limited variations of RMJG U‐Pb age and Hf isotopic composition together with its extremely low common Pb and high Hf, U and Pb contents make it an ideal calibration and monitor reference material for LA‐ICP‐MS measurements.
‘I felt like a human being’—An exploratory, multi‐method study of refugee involvement in the development of mental health intervention research
Authors: Warner Georgina , Baghdasaryan Zaruhi , Osman Fatumo , Lampa Elin , Sarkadi Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGreat advancements have been made in patient and public involvement (PPI), including the development of guidance on how to conduct, report and evaluate PPI. Despite these efforts, the evidence base remains relatively weak. A substantive methodological development is required. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups within society, for whom PPI can be challenging but has the potential to play a transformative role in shaping research.ObjectivesTo describe the group dynamic characteristics and immediate impact of PPI from the user representatives’ perspective in a case study of refugee involvement in the development of mental health intervention research. To pilot and methodologically appraise the Active Involvement of Users in Research Observation Schedule and Questionnaire.DesignThe Active Involvement of Users in Research Observation Schedule and Questionnaire were administered together with a focus group discussion.Setting‘Refugee Advisors’ were involved in the development of a randomized controlled trial protocol evaluating a brief group intervention for refugee children experiencing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress in Sweden.ResultsThe multi‐method approach demonstrated good feasibility. There were clear examples of how the advisors influenced research development. The advisors described a perceived impact on the research, equality and acceptance, and knowledge gain. A sense of appreciation and empowerment was also interpreted. However, potential issues relating to the relevance of contributions and use of an interpreter were identified.Discussion and conclusionThe methodological approach piloted in this study offers a promising, rigorous way to evaluate PPI. The research tools require further refinement and validation.
Evaluation of dentine thickness of middle mesial canals of mandibular molars prepared with rotary instruments: a micro‐CT study
Authors: Keles A. , Keskin C. , Alqawasmi R. , Versiani M. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate, using micro‐CT, the remaining dentine thickness after preparation of the mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML) and middle mesial (MM) canals of mandibular first molars with the ProTaper Next rotary system.MethodologyEleven mesial roots of mandibular first molars having three independent canals from the furcation level up to at least 5 mm towards the apical direction were selected. Preparation of MM canals was performed in two steps using ProTaper Next X2 (step 1) and X3 (step 2) instruments, whilst MB and ML canals were prepared in a single step up to X3 instruments. The roots were scanned (pixel size of 10 µm) before and after each step, and the dentine volume was calculated. Postoperative models of the roots were coregistered with their preoperative dataset and colour‐coded cross‐sections of the roots were used to measure the smallest dentine thickness surrounding each canal at 1.0‐mm intervals from the furcation level up to 5 mm in the apical direction, in both mesial and distal aspects of the roots. Changes in the remaining wall thickness between mesial canals were analysed with repeated‐measures anova and post hoc Tukey test. Significance level was set at 5%.ResultsMean percentage reduction of dentine volume after steps 1 and 2 was 4.66% and 5.16%, respectively. Overall, pre‐ and postoperative dentine thickness of the MM canal walls, in both mesial and distal aspects of the root, were significantly thinner than those of MB and ML canals (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed when comparing dentine thickness in the mesial and distal directions of MM canal after preparation step 1 (0.88 ± 0.18 mm and 0.73 ± 0.26 mm, respectively) or 2 (0.83 ± 0.17 mm and 0.67 ± 0.26 mm, respectively) (P > 0.05). Dentine thickness values less than 0.5 mm were observed mostly towards the distal aspect of the MM canal. Mesial roots were not associated with strip perforations after canal preparation procedures.ConclusionsA significant decrease in the thickness of canal walls at all levels evaluated in the mesial roots of mandibular molars suggests that files with small tapers should be used in preference to instruments with large tapers to prepare mesial canals in mandibular molars.
Review of corrosion of refractory in gaseous environment
Authors: Mahapatra Manoj K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvancing high temperature technologies pushes the envelope of the service conditions to new extremes. However, corrosion of refractories substantially decreases the service life and causes unscheduled shutdown of manufacturing and processing plants. In this paper, corrosion of refractories in gaseous environments is reviewed. The corrosion mechanisms of alumina refractories, including alumino‐silicates and zirconia as oxide, and silicon carbide as non‐oxide refractory are emphasized due to their broad array of applications. It is shown that carbonaceous atmosphere and water vapor are detrimental for the oxide refractories. Interaction with water vapor leads to formation of the volatile species and subsequent recession of the refractories. Carbonaceous atmosphere leads to the decomposition of even mullite, which is categorized as neutral refractory due to its excellent thermochemical stability. Oxidizing atmosphere with water vapor dominates the corrosion of non‐oxide refractories. Presence of impurities, even parts per million level, in the gas stream such as alkali vapor and halogens can alter the corrosion mechanisms and favor “hot corrosion.”
Stress, anxiety and depression perceived by couples with recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Chen Shu‐Lan , Chang Shao‐Min , Kuo Pao‐Lin , Chen Chung‐Hey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimRecurrent miscarriage is considered a major life event. The main purposes of this study were to compare the differences in stress, anxiety, social support, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in couples experiencing recurrent miscarriage compared to peers who experience full‐term normal childbirth in southern Taiwan.MethodsConvenience sampling and snowball sampling were used respectively to recruit 78 couples with and 80 couples without recurrent miscarriage from October 2014 to July 2015. Five structured questionnaires including Perceived Stress Scale, State‐ Anxiety Inventory, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Edinburgh Depression Scale were administered.ResultsWomen who experienced recurrent miscarriage perceived significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms than their husbands. Women in the recurrent miscarriage group reported significantly greater depressive symptoms than women of the other group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated key predictors of depressive symptoms among women of childbearing age, accounting for 62.9% of the variance, were anxiety, stress, social support and history of recurrent miscarriage.ConclusionWomen with recurrent miscarriage suffer mild to moderate depressive symptoms and a greater incidence of depression than their peers who experienced normal childbirth. Health professionals can use the knowledge gained from these findings to evaluate women with recurrent miscarriage for stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms and develop supportive interventions.
Association between ribociclib and changes in creatinine in patients with hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Wilson Brooke E. , Mok Kelly , Kiely Belinda E. , Nguyen Rebecca , Moylan Eugene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCombination ribociclib and aromatase inhibitors are currently the preferred treatment in Australia for newly diagnosed hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer in the absence of visceral crisis. In our case series of 32 patients, 28% experienced grade 1 elevations in creatinine, a toxicity that was under‐recognised in large phase III studies. Creatinine rise appears to be due to a reversible inhibition of renal efflux transporters rather than an acute kidney injury in the majority of cases.
Efficacy of home‐based exercise programme on physical function after hip fracture: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chen Bo , Hu Nie , Tan Jin‐Hai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of home exercise programmes on body function after hip fractures. A computerised literature search was performed for published trials in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomised trials were selected investigating home‐based exercise programmes vs usual care without home‐based exercise in hip fracture patients. Physical health (measured by Short Form 36), normal gait speed, fast gait speed, balance, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), activities of daily living (ADL), lower extremity strength, leg strength in fractured leg, leg strength in non‐fractured leg, and Six‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) per randomised patient were measured as outcomes. Eleven randomised controlled trials of 1068 subjects were included, 533 in the home‐based exercise group and 535 in the control group. The results of this meta‐analysis showed that the home‐based exercise programmes were not significantly associated with physical health, normal gait speed, fast gait speed, balance, IADL, ADL, and lower extremity strength but were significantly associated with leg strength in the fractured leg, leg strength in the non‐fractured leg, and 6MWT. The home‐based exercise programme had a positive, although not significant, effect on physical function after hip fracture. Low‐intensity training and poor patient compliance are unavoidable problems in home‐based exercise rehabilitation. A more task‐oriented rehabilitation programme might possibly yield more benefits for disability outcomes.
A Decline in Drawing Ability?
Authors: Fava Michelle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis research surveys changing attitudes to drawing pedagogy, in the context of digitisation, moves toward student‐centred learning in art & design higher education, and anecdotal reports of declining competence. Based on student, teacher and examiner’s experiences, it has been possible to gain insights into how drawing instruction has changed over the past generation. This article examines the attitudes, values and concerns of students and educators regarding drawing instruction. The study reveals that, in the UK, drawing skills are considered to be gradually declining, while traditional notions of skill are called into question. Drawing as a means of visual recording, representation and communication remains valued, although no longer essential as it once was; drawing to augment thought process is increasingly recognised as an integral skill which enables innovation. The latter is rarely ‘taught’ but relies on core competencies that many lecturers fear are being eroded. Increasing value is placed on drawing ‘as process’, as provision is moving towards individualised instruction requiring students to work independently. While new technologies are a factor, this article re‐frames the issue as an imbalance between creative outcomes and creative process, with a disparity between school and university levels. This article calls for a renewed emphasis on ‘drawing as process’ as preparation for university, and for further consideration of the core competencies underpinning the use of drawing as a tool of thought, and how these might be standardised.
Wuzang Wenyang Huayu decoction regulates differentially expressed transcripts in the rats' hippocampus after cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Xia Meng , Ruan Ziyun , Chen Ben , Wang Yunqiao , Zhou Zengzi , Ren Shiding , Wu Lin , Tang Nong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe modified Wenyang Huayu decoction has been widely used to treat vascular dementia in China for thousands of years. We have previously proved that a modified version, Wuzang Wenyang Huayu decoction has the potential to be a more effective clinical treatment that can attenuate cerebral ischaemic injury. However, the global transcript profile and signalling conduction pathways regulated by this recipe remains unclear. This study established a two‐vessel occlusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Two groups of rats were intragastrically treated Wuzang Wenyang Huayu 2.5 g/kg vs or Piracetam 0.15 g/kg for 2 weeks. Learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze. Neuronal plasticity was observed by HE staining. Differentially expressed transcripts of rat hippocampus were analysed by transcriptomics with Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Results showed that Wuzang Wenyang Huayu decoction significantly alleviated learning, memory deficits, coordination dysfunction and prevented hippocampus cellular injury; Results further revealed the increased gene expression in KEGG metabolic pathways (MT‐ND2. MT‐ND3, MT‐ND4, MT‐ND4L, MT‐ND5 and MT‐ATP8) and genes involved in signal transduction, carcinogenesis, immune system, endocrine system, nervous system etc (Results further revealed differential expression of genes involved in various systems, including MT‐ND2) Our discovery is likely to provide new insights to molecular mechanisms of Wuzang Wenyang Huayu regarding hippocampal transcripts in a murine vascular dementia model.
Familial tendency as a determinant of tooth loss during long‐term periodontal therapy
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Skau Irene , Grytten Jostein 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimLittle evidence exists on how familial tendencies affect the long‐term success of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for two generations and their control patients treated in the same private practice.Materials/methodsParents and their children were observed for tooth loss between 1986 and 2017. Matching control groups were identified from the same practice, one for the parent and one for the children group. The control patients had no close family members with a history of periodontal diseases. Both the generations and control groups completed a similar course of periodontal therapy. The matching strategy aimed at making the groups as similar as possible with respect to well‐known risk and prognostic factors. The data were analysed by multiple regression where the outcome was the number of teeth lost due to periodontal disease.ResultsA total of 435 patients were identified (148 parents, 154 children and 133 controls). 72 parents and 61 children (133) had more than 5 years follow‐up (average 15.5 and 12.9 years, respectively). Balancing tests showed that the matching was successful. 65% of tooth loss was attributable to close family history. The regression showed that the parent generation lost 1.02 more teeth than the controls, while the children lost 0.61 more teeth.ConclusionHaving close family members with a history of periodontal diseases is a strong prognostic factor affecting the long‐term outcome of periodontal therapy.
Acne fulminans and Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes
Authors: Bocquet‐Trémoureux S. , Corvec S. , Khammari A. , Dagnelie M.‐A. , Boisrobert A. , Dreno B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of inflammatory acne. It is characterized by a sudden worsening of acne with appearance of ulceronecrotic lesions, which can be associated with systemic signs. Its pathophysiology and the best therapeutic strategy are only partially known.ObjectiveOur main objectives were to describe the clinical and biological profile of AF patients and to determine whether there was a difference in Cutibacterium acnes phylotype in AF compared to acne vulgaris. The secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of different therapies.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in all patients followed for AF in our department between 2008 and 2018. Bacteriological samples were taken from each patient to analyse C. acnes phylotype distribution. The therapeutic response was assessed using the ECLA and GEA scales.ResultsFifteen patients with a median age of 15 years were included (12 men, 80%). A family history of acne was found in 86.7% of patients. Nine patients (60%) had isotretinoin‐induced AF. Only one patient (6.7%) showed systemic signs. The bacteriological culture was positive for C. acnes in 80% of patients. The predominant phylotype was IA1 in 60% of patients, corresponding to the predominant phylotype in acne vulgaris. Only 33.3% of patients were in remission after a first‐line treatment with systemic corticosteroids, alone or in combination. Seven patients were treated with biotherapy, including five successfully with secukinumab.ConclusionOur results suggest that there is no specific C. acnes phylotype associated with AF, raising the hypothesis that acute inflammation associated with AF may be more related to an abnormal cutaneous innate immunity activation. The use of preventive strategies, the impact of combined treatments and an assessment of the role of biotherapies, especially anti‐IL‐17, in AF treatment remain to be more investigated.
The role of common ancestry and gene flow in the evolution of human‐directed play behaviour in dogs
Authors: Garamszegi László Zsolt , Temrin Hans , Kubinyi Enikő , Miklósi Ádám , Kolm Niclas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong‐population variance of phenotypic traits is of high relevance for understanding evolutionary mechanisms that operate in relatively short timescales, but various sources of nonindependence, such as common ancestry and gene flow, can hamper the interpretations. In this comparative analysis of 138 dog breeds, we demonstrate how such confounders can independently shape the evolution of a behavioural trait (human‐directed play behaviour from the Dog Mentality Assessment project). We combined information on genetic relatedness and haplotype sharing to reflect common ancestry and gene flow, respectively, and entered these into a phylogenetic mixed model to partition the among‐breed variance of human‐directed play behaviour while also accounting for within‐breed variance. We found that 75% of the among‐breed variance was explained by overall genetic relatedness among breeds, whereas 15% could be attributed to haplotype sharing that arises from gene flow. Therefore, most of the differences in human‐directed play behaviour among breeds have likely been caused by constraints of common ancestry as a likely consequence of past selection regimes. On the other hand, gene flow caused by crosses among breeds has played a minor, but not negligible role. Our study serves as an example of an analytical approach that can be applied to comparative situations where the effects of shared origin and gene flow require quantification and appropriate statistical control in a within‐species/among‐population framework. Altogether, our results suggest that the evolutionary history of dog breeds has left remarkable signatures on the among‐breed variation of a behavioural phenotype.