bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Different Coloured Sticky Traps Against Thrips of Chilli
Authors: Hossain M.M. , Khalequzzaman K.M. , Alam M.S. , Mondal M.T.R. , Islam M.M. 
Published: June 2020

The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2017-18 to study the color preference of Scirtothrips dorsalis in chilli. The treatments were T1= Blue trap @40 trap/ha; T2= Yellow trap @40 trap/ha; T3= White trap @40 trap/ha; T4= Green trap @40 trap/ha and T5= Pink trap @40 trap/ha. Among the color traps used, at 35 days after installation (DAI) of trap blue color attracted highest (8.44 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap) number of S. dorsalis adults followed by white (5.43 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap), yellow (4.30 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap), green (3.52 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap) and pink (3.40 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap) color. Blue coloured sticky trap also attracted comparatively a smaller number of beneficial insects and can be used for relative estimate of S. dorsalis population and also for monitoring and mass trapping as a component of IPM program.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 187-190
The Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Local Governance toward Environmental Management for Sustainable Development: A Case of Bulawayo City Council, Zimbabwe
Authors: Hari Chiedza Angela 
Published: June 2020

Background: Inspired by Bertalanffy (1954)’s Systems Theory, this study sought to establish the relevance of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in local governance. Regardless of the overwhelming research on IKS, less attention has been put on its relevance to m.odern service delivery and seems to have lost its impact in influencing decision making. It was at the centre of this study,, therefore, to establish the relevance of IKS in local governance and establish the interconnectedness among local governance, IKS and environmental management for sustainable development. Predominantly, it focused on how IKS can be utilised as an integral system that contributes to the effective management of natural environment in urban cities, precisely Bulawayo
Objective: The study strived towards contributing to the localisation of the Sustainable Development Goals within the Zimbabwean context in the best interest of the furtherance of sustainable cities for development with IKS at the centre of it all.
Methods: Informed by the ontological interpretivist approach, this study adopted mixed methods of collecting data from 90 randomly selected residents of Bulawayo, three Environmental Management Agency officers and three Bulawayo City Council employees.
Findings: One of the major findings was that IKS is silent in urban areas compared to the rural because of (although not limited to) a) lack of historical and sacred sites, b) ignorance of theexistence of IKS and c) adoption of technology. Referring to how IKS has been effectively utilised in the rural set up, this paper strongly believed that IKS as a system has an important role to play in this development discourse.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Research should focus on the applicability of IKS in urban set up especial on its applicability to other environmental management aspects such as pollution and waste management.
Implications: There must also be adequate transmission of information using proper channels for affirmation of IKS especially to the young generation and stakeholders should work together for sustainable management of the environment.
Money Supply-Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from a Landlocked Country
Authors: Mahara Tilak Singh 
Published: June 2020

Background: There is special role of money in the economy due to its astonishing importance as change in the amount of it can have a significant effect on the major macroeconomic variables. Money supply is generally considered as policy-determined phenomenon. Like in all the nations, macroeconomic stability of Nepal also depends on the variation in the quantity of money.
Objective: The principle objective of the study is to examine the impact of money supply on the economic growth of Nepal.
Methodology: This study applies the ARDL approach to cointegration. Bounds test (F-version) has been carried out to determine the existence of long-run relationship between variables.
Results: The empirical results pointed out that there is positive and significant long-term relationship between money supply and real economic growth in Nepal. Causality result reveals that there is unidirectional causality from money supply (M2) to Real GDP. The error correction term is found negative and statistically significant suggesting a correction of short-run disequilibrium within two and a half years.
Conclusions: The study concludes that increase in the money supply helps to increase the real economic growth in Nepal. So, money supply and real GDP are associated in the long-run.
Implications: The implication of the study is that, real economic growth in Nepal can be achieved if Nepal Rastra Bank emphasized on monetary policy instruments which help to increase the flow of money supply both in the short and long run.
Die unausweichliche Richtung zu asynchronen Produktionsprozessen
Authors: Alt Denis , Meier Sandra , Roeren Sven 
Published: June 2020

Kurzfassung
Der Hochlohnstandort Deutschland benötigt fortlaufend innovative Produkte, um seinen Marktanteil im globalen Wettbewerb zu erhalten oder diesen ausbauen zu können. Für die in Deutschland stark verbreitete kundenauftragsbezogene Fertigung werden zumeist auch innovative Produktionsprozesse beziehungsweise Fertigungsanlagen benötigt. Daraus resultieren in produzierenden Unternehmen mehr und mehr asynchrone Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen. Um zielgerichtet darauf reagieren zu können, ist im ersten Schritt notwendig, den Terminus „asynchrone Prozesse“ zu beschreiben sowie die Eigenheiten und Implikationen auf produzierende Unternehmen zu beleuchten.
Factors Influencing User Satisfaction with Information Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kalankesh Leila R , Nasiry Zahra , Fein Rebecca , Damanabi Shahla 
Published: June 2020

User satisfaction has been considered as the measure of information system effectiveness success. User satisfaction is difficult to define but is considered an evaluation construct. Globally health organizations, particularly hospitals, invest a huge amount of money on information system projects. If hospital information systems (HISs) are to be successful, factors influencing or related to user satisfaction should be taken into account at the time of designing, developing or adopting such systems. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of factors related to user satisfaction with information systems. The researchers systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, and IEEE electronic databases for articles published from January 1990 to June 2016. A search strategy was developed using a combination of the following keywords: “model,” “user satisfaction,” “information system,” “measurement,” “instrument,” and “ tool.” Reported dimensions, factors, and their possible influence on user satisfaction with information systems were extracted from the studies wherever was possible. Overall factors influencing user satisfaction with information systems can be categorized in seven dimensions: Information quality, system quality, vendor support quality, system use, perceived usefulness, user characteristics, and organizational structure& management style. If all these factors are considered properly in the process of developing, designing, implementing, or purchasing information systems, the higher user satisfaction with the system will be likely. Otherwise, it would end up with unsatisfied users that will finally contribute to the system failure. [GMJ.2020;9:e1686]
Preoperative factors associated with adverse events during awake craniotomy: analysis of 609 consecutive cases
Authors: Takami Hirokazu , Khoshnood Nikki , Bernstein Mark 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
Awake surgery is becoming more standard and widely practiced for neurosurgical cases, including but not limited to brain tumors. The optimal selection of patients who can tolerate awake surgery remains a challenge. The authors performed an updated cohort study, with particular attention to preoperative clinical and imaging characteristics that may have an impact on the viability of awake craniotomy in individual patients.

METHODS
The authors conducted a single-institution cohort study of 609 awake craniotomies performed in 562 patients. All craniotomies were performed by the same surgeon at Toronto Western Hospital during the period from 2006 to 2018. Analyses of preoperative clinical and imaging characteristics that may have an impact on the viability of awake craniotomy in individual patients were performed.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients were recorded as having experienced intraoperative adverse events necessitating deeper sedation, which made the surgery no longer “awake.” In 2 of these patients, conversion to general anesthesia was performed. The adverse events included emotional intolerance of awake surgery (n = 13), air embolism (n = 3), generalized seizure (n = 4), and unexpected subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 1). Preoperative cognitive decline, dysphasia, and low performance status, as indicated by the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, were significantly associated with emotional intolerance on univariate analysis. Only a preoperative KPS score < 70 was significantly associated with this event on multivariate analysis (p = 0.0057). Compared with patients who did not experience intraoperative adverse events, patients who did were more likely to undergo inpatient admission (p = 0.0004 for all cases; p = 0.0036 for cases originally planned as day surgery), longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001), and discharge to a location other than home (p = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative physical status was found to be the most decisive factor in predicting whether patients can tolerate an awake craniotomy without complications, whereas older age and history of psychiatric treatment were not necessarily associated with adverse events. Patients who had intraoperative adverse events often had reduced chances of same-day discharge and discharge to home. Preoperative careful selection of patients who are most likely to tolerate the procedure is the key to success for awake surgery.
Factors affecting approach selection for minimally invasive versus open surgery in the treatment of adult spinal deformity: analysis of a prospective, nonrandomized multicenter study
Authors: Park Paul , Than Khoi D. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Nunley Pierce D. , Eastlack Robert K. , Uribe Juan S. , Wang Michael Y. , Le Vivian , Fessler Richard G. , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S. , Anand Neel , Chou Dean , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Haddad Alexander F. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Mundis Gregory M. , _ _ 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESurgical decision-making and planning is a key factor in optimizing outcomes in adult spinal deformity (ASD). Minimally invasive spinal (MIS) strategies for ASD have been increasingly used as an option to decrease postoperative morbidity. This study analyzes factors involved in the selection of either a traditional open approach or a minimally invasive approach to treat ASD in a prospective, nonrandomized multicenter trial. All centers had at least 5 years of experience in minimally invasive techniques for ASD.METHODSThe study enrolled 268 patients, of whom 120 underwent open surgery and 148 underwent MIS surgery. Inclusion criteria included age ≥ 18 years, and at least one of the following criteria: coronal curve (CC) ≥ 20°, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) > 5 cm, pelvic tilt (PT) > 25°, or thoracic kyphosis (TK) > 60°. Surgical approach selection was made at the discretion of the operating surgeon. Preoperative significant differences were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine odds ratios (ORs) for approach selection.RESULTSSignificant preoperative differences (p < 0.05) between open and MIS groups were noted for age (61.9 vs 66.7 years), numerical rating scale (NRS) back pain score (7.8 vs 7), CC (36° vs 26.1°), PT (26.4° vs 23°), T1 pelvic angle (TPA; 25.8° vs 21.7°), and pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis (PI-LL; 19.6° vs 14.9°). No significant differences in BMI (29 vs 28.5 kg/m2), NRS leg pain score (5.2 vs 5.7), Oswestry Disability Index (48.4 vs 47.2), Scoliosis Research Society 22-item questionnaire score (2.7 vs 2.8), PI (58.3° vs 57.1°), LL (38.9° vs 42.3°), or SVA (73.8 mm vs 60.3 mm) were found. Multivariate analysis found that age (OR 1.05, p = 0.002), VAS back pain score (OR 1.21, p = 0.016), CC (OR 1.03, p < 0.001), decompression (OR 4.35, p < 0.001), and TPA (OR 1.09, p = 0.023) were significant factors in approach selection.CONCLUSIONSIncreasing age was the primary driver for selecting MIS surgery. Conversely, increasingly severe deformities and the need for open decompression were the main factors influencing the selection of traditional open surgery. As experience with MIS surgery continues to accumulate, future longitudinal evaluation will reveal if more experience, use of specialized treatment algorithms, refinement of techniques, and technology will expand surgeon adoption of MIS techniques for adult spinal deformity.
Anterior lumbar compared to oblique lumbar interbody approaches for multilevel fusions to the sacrum in adults with spinal deformity and degeneration
Authors: Xi Zhuo , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Ruan Huibing , Eichler Charles , Chang Chih-Chang , Burch Shane 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVEIn adult spinal deformity and degenerative conditions of the spine, interbody fusion to the sacrum often is performed to enhance arthrodesis, induce lordosis, and alleviate stenosis. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has traditionally been performed, but minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) may or may not cause less morbidity because less retraction of the abdominal viscera is required. The authors evaluated whether there was a difference between the results of ALIF and OLIF in multilevel anterior or lateral interbody fusion to the sacrum.METHODSPatients from 2013 to 2018 who underwent multilevel ALIF or OLIF to the sacrum were retrospectively studied. Inclusion criteria were adult spinal deformity or degenerative pathology and multilevel ALIF or OLIF to the sacrum. Demographic, implant, perioperative, and radiographic variables were collected. Statistical calculations were performed for significant differences.RESULTSData from a total of 127 patients were analyzed (66 OLIF patients and 61 ALIF patients). The mean follow-up times were 27.21 (ALIF) and 24.11 (OLIF) months. The mean surgical time was 251.48 minutes for ALIF patients and 234.48 minutes for OLIF patients (p = 0.154). The mean hospital stay was 7.79 days for ALIF patients and 7.02 days for OLIF patients (p = 0.159). The mean time to being able to eat solid food was 4.03 days for ALIF patients and 1.30 days for OLIF patients (p < 0.001). After excluding patients who had undergone L5–S1 posterior column osteotomy, 54 ALIF patients and 41 OLIF patients were analyzed for L5–S1 radiographic changes. The mean cage height was 14.94 mm for ALIF patients and 13.56 mm for OLIF patients (p = 0.001), and the mean cage lordosis was 15.87° in the ALIF group and 16.81° in the OLIF group (p = 0.278). The mean increases in anterior disc height were 7.34 mm and 4.72 mm for the ALIF and OLIF groups, respectively (p = 0.001), and the mean increases in posterior disc height were 3.35 mm and 1.24 mm (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean change in L5–S1 lordosis was 4.33° for ALIF patients and 4.59° for OLIF patients (p = 0.829).CONCLUSIONSPatients who underwent multilevel OLIF and ALIF to the sacrum had comparable operative times. OLIF was associated with a quicker ileus recovery and less blood loss. At L5–S1, ALIF allowed larger cages to be placed, resulting in a greater disc height change, but there was no significant difference in L5–S1 segmental lordosis.
Cerebral Blood Flow Is Associated with Diagnostic Class and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Duan Wenna , Sehrawat Parshant , Balachandrasekaran Arvind , Bhumkar Ashish B. , Boraste Paresh B. , Becker James T. , Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. , Gach H. Michael , Dai Weiying 
Published: June 2020

Background: Reliable cerebral blood flow (CBF) biomarkers using a noninvasive imaging technique are sought to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: We aim to identify brain regions in which CBF values are affected and related to cognitive decline in early AD using a large cohort. Methods: Perfusion MRIs using continuous arterial spin labeling were acquired at 1.5 T in 58 normal controls (NC), 50 mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and 40 AD subjects from the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Regional absolute CBF and normalized CBF (nCBF) values, without and with correction of partial volume effects, were compared across three groups. Association between regional CBF values and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) were investigated by multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Results: After correcting for partial volume effects and cardiovascular risk factors, ADs exhibited decreased nCBF with the strongest reduction in the bilateral posterior cingulate & precuneus region ( p < 0.001) compared to NCs, and the strongest reduction in the bilateral superior medial frontal region ( p < 0.001) compared to MCIs. MCIs exhibited the strongest nCBF decrease in the left hippocampus and nCBF increase in the right inferior frontal and insular region. The 3MSE scores within the symptomatic subjects were significantly associated with nCBF in the bilateral posterior and middle cingulate and parietal ( p < 0.001), bilateral superior medial frontal ( p < 0.001), bilateral temporoparietal ( p < 0.02), and right hippocampus ( p = 0.02) regions. Conclusion: Noninvasive perfusion MRI can detect functional changes across diagnostic class and serve as a staging biomarker of cognitive status.
S-Adenosylmethionine Alleviates Amyloid-β-Induced Neural Injury by Enhancing Trans-Sulfuration Pathway Activity in Astrocytes
Authors: Wan Xinkun , Ma Bin , Wang Xiaoxuan , Guo Chenjia , Sun Jing , Cui Jing , Li Liang 
Published: June 2020

Background: Glutathione (GSH) is an important endogenous antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative injury. Cysteine (Cys), the substrate limiting the production of GSH, is mainly generated from the trans-sulfuration pathway. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical molecule produced in the methionine cycle and can be utilized by the trans-sulfuration pathway. Reductions in GSH and SAM as well as dysfunction in the trans-sulfuration pathway have been documented in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Our previous in vivo study revealed that SAM administration attenuated oxidative stress induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) through the enhancement of GSH. Objective: To investigate the effect of Aβ-induced oxidative stress on the trans-sulfuration pathway in astrocytes and neurons, respectively, and the protective effect of SAM on neurons. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the primary cultured astrocytes, neurons, and HT22 cells were used in the current study. Results: SAM could rescue the low trans-sulfuration pathway activity induced by Aβ only in astrocytes, accompanying with increasing levels of Cys and GSH. The decrease of cellular viability of neurons caused by Aβ was greatly reversed when co-cultured with astrocytes with SAM intervention. Meanwhile, SAM improved cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: In terms of astrocyte protection from oxidative stress, SAM might be a potent antioxidant in the therapy of AD patients.
Upregulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid-β Protein Precursor in Astrocytes Both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liang Yingxia , Raven Frank , Ward Joseph F. , Zhen Sherri , Zhang Siyi , Sun Haoqi , Miller Sean J. , Choi Se Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Zhang Can 
Published: June 2020

Background: The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) posits that amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation underlies the pathogenesis of the disease by leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, a pathologic hallmark of AD. Aβ is a proteolytic product of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP; APP), which is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes. Although considerable evidence shows that astrocytes may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD, the longitudinal changes of amyloid plaques in relationship to AβPP expression in astrocytes and cellular consequences are largely unknown. Objective: Here, we aimed to investigate astrocyte-related pathological changes of Aβ and AβPP using immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies in both animal and cell models. Methods/Results: We utilized 5XFAD transgenic mice and found age-dependent upregulation of AβPP in astrocytes demonstrated with astrocytic reactive properties, which followed appearance of amyloid plaques in the brain. We also observed that AβPP proteins presented well-defined punctate immuno reactivity in young animals, whereas AβPP staining showed disrupted structures surrounding amyloid plaques in older mice. Moreover, we utilized astrocyte cell models and showed that pretreatment of Aβ42 resulted in downstream astrocyte autonomous changes, including up regulation in AβPP and BACE1 levels, as well as prolonged amyloidogenesis that could be reduced by pharmacological inhibition of BACE1. Conclusion: Collectively, our results show that age-dependent AβPP up regulation in astrocytes is a key feature in AD, which will not only provide novel insights for understanding AD progression, but also may offer new therapeutic strategies for treating AD.
Identification of a Cascade of Changes in Activities of Daily Living Preceding Short-Term Clinical Deterioration in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia via Lead-Lag Analysis
Authors: Fuentes Manuel , Klostermann Arne , Kleineidam Luca , Bauer Chris , Schuchhardt Johannes , Maier Wolfgang , Jessen Frank , Frölich Lutz , Wiltfang Jens , Kornhuber Johannes , Klöppel Stefan , Schieting Vera , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Peters Oliver 
Published: June 2020

Background: Cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL) become increasingly impaired with progressing Alzheimer’s disease. However, the temporal dynamics of this decline are inconsistent. Objective: To gain insight into the classical temporal cascade of specific cognitive and ADL changes, which may aid in improving detection of an impending clinical deterioration in patients, and to select ADL items and tests most sensitive to change in a specific disease stage. Methods: Patients with mild Alzheimer’s dementia (AD; MMSE = 23.9±2.88) were followed at 12 and 24 months. Lead-lag analysis of changes in cognitive and functional outcome measures (CDR-SOB, 12 neuropsychological subtest scores from the CERAD + test battery, 25 Bayer-ADL items) was applied to rank the temporal sequence of changes on an ordinal scale. Results: Of 164 patients with mild AD, moderate disease progression was identified in 84 patients over 24 months ( ΔMMSE 5.8±8.64; ΔCDR-SOB 4.32±4.03). Ten Bayer-ADL item measures were altered early in moderate progressors and included in a new ADL composite score. Accordingly, the new ADL score surpassed all neuropsychological measures in repeated lead-lag analysis. The Bayer-ADL total score, TMT-A, and MMSE were lagging variables in all lead-lag analyses. Conclusion: Short-term clinical deterioration in mild AD is initially preceded by changes (i.e., decline) in a well-defined set of ADL and not in classical cognitive measures.