bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Deprivation and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Urban Male Residents: A Nationwide Study of China
Authors: Yang Yixin , Yang Xiaozhao Yousef , Yang Tingzhong , He Wenjiong , Peng Sihui , Rockett Ian R. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
IntroductionSocial deprivation is a known determinant of health and related behaviors. Many studies have linked socioeconomic status to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. However, no studies have examined the relationship between social deprivation and SHS exposure. This study examined whether social deprivation has any independent effect on SHS exposure at both individual and regional levels among Chinese residents.MethodsA cross-sectional multistage sampling design was utilized to interview subjects from 6 selected cities in China. A standardized questionnaire was used to tap demographic characteristics, social deprivation and SHS exposure. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the association between social deprivation and SHS exposure.Results5,782 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. Of 2,930 non-smokers, the SHS exposure prevalence was 21.9% (95% CI 19.5, 24.30). Multilevel logistic regression showed a negative association between family income, regional GDP and SHS exposure, and positive associations between social deprivation and SHS exposure, respectively. ConclusionsFindings support the central proposition that social deprivation influences SHS exposure messages. Our research underscores the importance of reducing health inequality in controlling SHS exposure. ImplicationsThe information from this study should be helpful when considering effective SHS exposure control policies and interventions among urban residents in China. Targeted interventions for SHS exposure should help reduce health inequities across social class. With this in mind, SHS exposure control for socially deprived groups should be paid attention.
Gut Microbiome Variation Modulates the Effects of Dietary Fiber on Host Metabolism
Authors: Murga-Garrido Sofia M , Hong Qilin Qilin , Cross Tzu-Wen L , Hutchison Evan , Han Jessica , Thomas Sydney , Vivas Eugenio I , Denu John , Ceschin Danilo G , Tang Zheng-Zheng , Rey Federico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber.Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host.ResultsWe examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between microbiome groups, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approaches to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy.
Hsp90 Modulates Human Sperm Capacitation via the Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sun Peibei , Wang Yayan , Gao Tian , Li Kun , Zheng Dongwang , Liu Ajuan , Ni Ya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly abundant eukaryotic molecular chaperone that plays important roles in client protein maturation, protein folding and degradation, and signal transduction. Previously, we found that both Hsp90 and its co-chaperone cell division cycle protein 37 (Cdc37) were expressed in human sperm. Hsp90 is known to be involved in human sperm capacitation via unknown underlying mechanism(s). As Cdc37 was a kinase-specific co-chaperone of Hsp90, Hsp90 may regulate human sperm capacitation via other kinases. It has been reported that two major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38, are expressed in human sperm in the same locations as Hsp90 and Cdc37. Phosphorylated Erk1/2 has been shown to promote sperm hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction, while phosphorylated p38 inhibits sperm motility. Therefore, in this study we explored whether Hsp90 modulates human sperm capacitation via the Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Methods: Human sperm was treated with the Hsp90-specific inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) during capacitation. Computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) was used to detect sperm motility and hyperactivation. The sperm acrosome reaction was analyzed by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA-FITC) staining. The interactions between Hsp90, Cdc37, Erk1/2 and p38 were assessed using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments. Western blotting analysis was used to evaluate the levels of protein expression and phosphorylation. Results: Human sperm hyperactivation and acrosome reaction were inhibited by 17-AAG, suggesting that Hsp90 is involved in human sperm capacitation. In addition, Co-IP experiments revealed that 17-AAG reduced the interaction between Hsp90 and Cdc37, leading to the dissociation of Erk1/2 from the Hsp90-Cdc37 protein complex. Western blotting analysis revealed that levels of Erk1/2 and its phosphorylated form were subsequently decreased. Decreasing of Hsp90-Cdc37 complex also affected the interaction between Hsp90 and p38. Nevertheless, p38 dissociated from the Hsp90 protein complex and was activated by autophosphorylation. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings indicate that Hsp90 is involved in human sperm hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. In particular, Hsp90 and its co-chaperone Cdc37 form a protein complex with Erk1/2 and p38 to regulate their kinase activity. These results suggest that Hsp90 regulates human sperm capacitation via the Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Chlorambucil-Chitosan Nano-Conjugate: An Efficient Agent Against Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Shayegh Azadeh , Khalatbari Farinaz , Zonoubi Niloofar , Zarazvand Farjad , Monavvari Fatemeh , Hejazinia Hadi , Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil Sadat , Hamedani Morteza Pirali , Ali Vahid , Hadadian Shahin , Farzaneh Jafar , Seyedhamzeh Mohammad , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Discovering new chemotherapy drugs and techniques with the least side
effects is one of the most important and challenging issues in recent years worldwide. Chlorambucil
is an anticancer drug that is still commonly used as a primary treatment in treating some cancers,
but it can cause side effects.

Objective:
In this study, we decided to use chitosan as a carrier for enhance the uptake of chlorambucil and reduce the toxicity of this drug.

Methods:
After producing this nanoconjugate compound and analysing its structure by FTIR, DLS
and AFM analysis, we investigated the therapeutic and biological effects of this nanoconjugate
compound on the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer).

Results:
The results of the MTT assay showed that this nanoconjugate compound not only retained
its anticancer effect against chlorambucil but also showed less abnormal toxicity. In addition, in
vitro cellular uptake by flow cytometry indicated the better uptake final product into the MCF-7
cells. The detection of apoptosis induced cell death was confirmed by RT-PCR.

Conclusion:
This study has created a prospective pathway for targeting cancer cells using chitosan.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Surgery Procedures: A Literature Review
Authors: Serra Raffaele , Ielapi Nicola , Licastro Noemi , Provenzano Michele , Andreucci Michele , Bracale Umberto Marcello , Jiritano Federica , de Franciscis Stefano , Mastroroberto Pasquale , Serraino Giuseppe Filiberto 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied so far as prognostic factors of cardiovascular diseases. Their role interplayed with endothelial inflammation, has emerged as optimal predictors for major cardiovascular disease events and as prognostic factors for post-procedural outcomes.

Methods:
A review of the current literature was undertaken to investigate the relationship between NLR and PLR with percutaneous, cardiac surgery, and vascular surgery procedures.

Results:
Our findings show that perioperative NLR and PLR levels are significantly correlated with patient morbidity and mortality rates.

Conclusions:
These biomarkers have several attractive characteristics, as they are inexpensive and quickly available, and they can contribute to the early identification of patients at high risk for periprocedural adverse events.
Charlotte Libraries Tackle Controversial Topic
Authors: Scarborough Beth , Foster Pardue Susan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
UNC Charlotte’s Atkins Library, along with the History Department and Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library, in response to violence, hatred and killings in both South Carolina and Virginia in 2015 and 2017, and contentious arguments over the presence of Confederate monuments, particularly on the campus of UNC Chapel Hill, proposed a series of public forums to address the controversy. With funds from the UNC Charlotte Chancellor’s Diversity Fund, plans were made to sponsor a total of five programs, each addressing a way to combat long-held myths and deliver truths about North Carolina’s history during the Confederacy. This series of programs, Beyond the Myths: The American Civil War in History and Memory, held in February and March 2019, took place on the main and downtown campuses of UNC Charlotte and at the Sugar Creek Branch of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Public Library. The planning and delivery of the series, marketing efforts and follow-up are detailed in this article.
The Generalizability of a Medication Administration Discrepancy Detection System: Quantitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kirkendall Eric , Huth Hannah , Rauenbuehler Benjamin , Moses Adam , Melton Kristin , Ni Yizhao 
Published: October 2020

Background
As a result of the overwhelming proportion of medication errors occurring each year, there has been an increased focus on developing medication error prevention strategies. Recent advances in electronic health record (EHR) technologies allow institutions the opportunity to identify medication administration error events in real time through computerized algorithms. MED.Safe, a software package comprising medication discrepancy detection algorithms, was developed to meet this need by performing an automated comparison of medication orders to medication administration records (MARs). In order to demonstrate generalizability in other care settings, software such as this must be tested and validated in settings distinct from the development site.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to determine the portability and generalizability of the MED.Safe software at a second site by assessing the performance and fit of the algorithms through comparison of discrepancy rates and other metrics across institutions.

Methods
The MED.Safe software package was executed on medication use data from the implementation site to generate prescribing ratios and discrepancy rates. A retrospective analysis of medication prescribing and documentation patterns was then performed on the results and compared to those from the development site to determine the algorithmic performance and fit. Variance in performance from the development site was further explored and characterized.

Results
Compared to the development site, the implementation site had lower audit/order ratios and higher MAR/(order + audit) ratios. The discrepancy rates on the implementation site were consistently higher than those from the development site. Three drivers for the higher discrepancy rates were alternative clinical workflow using orders with dosing ranges; a data extract, transfer, and load issue causing modified order data to overwrite original order values in the EHRs; and delayed EHR documentation of verbal orders. Opportunities for improvement were identified and applied using a software update, which decreased false-positive discrepancies and improved overall fit.

Conclusions
The execution of MED.Safe at a second site was feasible and effective in the detection of medication administration discrepancies. A comparison of medication ordering, administration, and discrepancy rates identified areas where MED.Safe could be improved through customization. One modification of MED.Safe through deployment of a software update improved the overall algorithmic fit at the implementation site. More flexible customizations to accommodate different clinical practice patterns could improve MED.Safe’s fit at new sites.
Desafios para a área da linguagem
Authors: Tedesco Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2020

Considerando os índices alarmantes em relação ao desenvolvimento da proficiência dos estudantes brasileiros, que exemplificam o fracasso educacional do Brasil, propomo-nos a uma reflexão acerca da importância da linguagem para a formação básica do estudante. Postula-se que dominar a linguagem significa estar mais preparado para interagir com outras pessoas, o que implica ter a possibilidade de influenciar no modo de agir e pensar do outro. Na perspectiva de base (sócio) cognitivista, acredita-se em um processo educacional que interpreta os indivíduos como sujeitos sociais, que não são prontos, mas se (re) constroem discursivamente. Por isso, a escola tem função primordial de ampliar o domínio linguístico do aluno, para que seja capaz de participar ativamente da sociedade em que está inserido. A consequência dessa concepção é o entendimento de que a diversidade textual em suas diferentes organizações e finalidades se constitui no grande objeto de estudos da sala de aula para o desenvolvimento da leitura, da escrita e da análise discursiva. A linguagem, nessa perspectiva, é o grande patrimônio linguístico que deve ser explorado não, apenas, nas aulas de língua materna, mas em todas as disciplinas, incentivando o caráter científico, tributo da área dos estudos linguísticos.
ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA LITTÉRATURE : ASPECTS FRANÇAIS D’UNE CRISE MONDIALE
Authors: Fraisse Emmanuel 
Published: October 2020

Pour avoir fait des études littéraires un outil décisif de son projet éducatif et national, la France, avec un certain retard par rapport à d’autres pays occidentaux, est aujourd’hui conduite à réviser la place de la littérature dans l’ensemble de son dispositif de formation. Les réponses qu’elle donne à la crise de l’enseignement de la littérature et de son rayonnement social diffèrent selon les degrés d’enseignement. Dans l’enseignement scolaire obligatoire (jusqu’à 16 ans), on observe une prise en compte de la notion de compétence ; l’enseignement secondaire long (16-18 ans) a connu une rénovation partielle mais réelle au plan des objets et des méthodes au cours de ces dernières années. En revanche, l’université apparait plus conservatrice et la marche vers l’invention d’ « humanités contemporaines » est entravée par un enchevêtrement de facteurs au premier rang desquels la peur du nouveau et le sentiment de la crise. Or, en France comme dans le reste du monde, c’est la capacité à dessiner sans préjugés le visage des futures études culturelles qui est en jeu, et à travers elle le développement de nouveaux objets, de nouveaux exercices, de nouvelles méthodes et d’une véritable interdisciplinarité.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ENSINO DE LITERATURA: ASPECTOS FRANCESES DE UMA CRISE GLOBALComo a França fez dos estudos literários um instrumento decisivo do seu projeto educativo e nacional, hoje, com um certo atraso em relação a outros países ocidentais, ela se vê levada a rever o lugar da literatura no conjunto de seu dispositivo de formação. As respostas que ela dá à crise do ensino de literatura e de seu alcance social são diferentes, segundo o nível de ensino. No ensino escolar obrigatório (até 16 anos), observa-se uma tomada de consciência da noção de competência; o ensino secundário longo (16-18 anos) sofreu uma renovação parcial, mas real, em relação aos objetos e métodos, durante os últimos anos. Por outro lado, a universidade é mais conservadora, e o avanço para a invenção das <<humanidades contemporâneas>> é travado por um conjunto de fatores, dos quais o primeiro seria o medo da novidade e o sentimento da crise. Ora, na França, como no resto do mundo, o que está em jogo é a capacidade de enfrentar, sem preconceitos, a imagem dos futuros estudos culturais, e, através dela, o desenvolvimento de novos objetos, de novos exercícios, de novos métodos e de uma verdadeira interdisciplinaridade.---Artigo em francês.
A linguagem em círculos: experiência e narração em Ricardo Piglia
Authors: Scardino Rafaela , Moraes Alexandre Jairo Marinho 
Published: October 2020

Um dos relatos da máquina do romance A cidade ausente, do escritor argentino Ricardo Piglia, apresenta a história de uma menina que, buscando reservar “para si um território próprio [...] do qual quer excluir toda experiência”, acaba por eliminar, desse modo, a linguagem. Assim, sem constituir experiências com as palavras, a menina não apaga apenas o outro, mas também a si mesma, de um relacionamento com o mundo. Como narrar não é exatamente compreender, a experiência constitui-se, fundamentalmente, nas lacunas do que se relata. É na falha, na cisão entre saber e não saber, que se dá, portanto, a narração. A experiência e a narrativa instauram-se nesse intervalo, que se abre, necessariamente, para o outro. A partir de considerações sobre a transmissão da experiência na contemporaneidade, buscamos analisar de que forma, na obra pigliana, acontece a relação entre linguagem e experiência.
Musiikki-informaatiomoodien tilannerelevanssi muusikkojen ja musiikinopiskelijoiden tiedonhankinnassa
Authors: Rousi Antti 
Published: October 2020

FM Antti Rousi väitteli 16.10.2020 Tampereen yliopiston informaatioteknologian ja viestintätieteiden tiedekunnassa aiheesta "Music information modes and their situational relevance among musicians and music students". Vastaväittäjänä toimi apulaisprofessori Audrey Laplante (Montrealin yliopisto), ja kustoksena professori emeritus Pertti Vakkari (Tampereen yliopisto). Informaatiotutkimuksen ja interaktiisen median alaan kuuluva väitöskirja on luettavissa Tampereen yliopiston Trepo-palvelussa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1499-6.
Lektiota on kevyesti toimitettu kirjallisessa muodossa julkaisemista varten.
Effect of the REDI Counselling Approach on the Use of Modern Postpartum Contraceptive Methods among Adolescent Mothers in Iran
Authors: Moudi Zahra , Umarzeh Mahtab , Ansari Hossein 
Published: October 2020

Rapid repeat pregnancies expose adolescent mothers and their neonates to a greater risk of adverse outcomes. One way to decrease rapid subsequent pregnancies is to increase the use of postpartum contraceptives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a counselling method for family planning on the decision-making about the use of postpartum modern contraceptives immediately, 1 week, and 2 months following the counselling session. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 352 adolescent mothers who visited health centres for baby care at 4 to 6 months following childbirth. The intervention group received one counselling session for family planning based on the model of Rapport-building, Exploring, Decision-making, and Implementing the Decision (REDI). The control group received routine services. The adolescent mothers in the intervention group were more likely to use modern contraceptives 1 week and 2 months following the counselling session. Two months after the counselling session, the demand for family planning with modern methods was calculated at 29 per cent and 78 per cent in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The results showed that the REDI counselling approach was effective as the use of modern contraceptives reported higher in the intervention group than the control group. Given the demonstrated link between the REDI framework for family planning counselling and the use of modern contraceptives, healthcare providers should be trained in counselling skills based on the REDI framework to strengthen counselling on contraception.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Naphthalene Derivatives: A Coupled Cluster Singles and Approximate Doubles and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Ghidinelli Simone , Longhi Giovanna , Abbate Sergio , Hättig Christof , Coriani Sonia 
Published: October 2020

The UV-Vis absorption and Magnetic Circular Dichroism spectra of naphthalene and some of its derivatives have been simulated at the Coupled Cluster Singles andApproximate Doubles (CC2) level of theory, and at the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory level (TD-DFT) using the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals. DFT and CC2 predict in general opposite energetic ordering of the Lb and La transitions (in gas phase), as previously observed in adenine. The CC2 simulations of UV and MCD spectra show the best agreement with the experimental data. Analysis of the Cartesiancomponents of the electric dipole transition strengths and the magnetic dipole transition moment between the excited states have been considered in the interpretationof the electronic transitions and the Faraday B term inversion among the naphthalenederivatives.