bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytic release of ATP through type 2 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor calcium signaling and social dominance behavior in mice
Authors: Guillot de Suduiraut Isabelle , Grosse Jocelyn , Ramos‐Fernández Eva , Sandi Carmen , Hollis Fiona 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrain mitochondrial function is critical for numerous neuronal processes. We recently identified a link between brain energy and social dominance, where higher levels of mitochondrial function resulted in increased social competitive ability. The underlying mechanism of this link, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the contribution of astrocytic release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the type 2 inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor to social dominance behavior. Mice lacking the type 2 inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor were characterized for their social dominance behavior, as well as their performance on a nonsocial task, the Morris Water Maze. In parallel, we also examined mitochondrial function in the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus to investigate how deficiencies in astrocytic ATP could modulate overall mitochondrial function. While knockout mice showed similar competitive ability compared with their wild‐type littermates, dominant knockout mice exhibited a significant delay in exerting their dominance during the initial encounter. Otherwise, there were no differences in anxiety and exploratory traits, spatial learning and memory, or brain mitochondrial function in either light or dark circadian phases. Our findings point to a marginal role of astrocytic ATP through IP3R2 in social competition, suggesting that, under basal conditions, the neuronal compartment is predominant for social dominance exertion.
Music and Trance as Methods for Engaging with Suffering
Authors: Turner Tamara Dee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores a religious community in Algeria where, with the ignition and structure of ritual music, a wide spectrum of trance processes are explicitly cultivated so that pain and suffering can be engaged, moved, and expressed through trance dancing. The way that trance is described in dīwān indicates that it is understood as emerging primarily from the realms of feelings, particularly the dialectical role of painful feelings. Furthermore, varieties of trance are named and indexed either by the sorts of affects they involve or as types of actions that trance feels like. Thus, rather than trance being something of the “mind” here, it is an affective experience, ordered by how itfeels. This article takes a close‐up, sensory ethnographic approach to flesh out the rich, detailed taxonomy of feeling intensities that are used to describe how trance feels, examining what tranced suffering does both socially and personally.
Controlling evolutionary dynamics to optimize microbial bioremediation
Authors: Shibasaki Shota , Mitri Sara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome microbes have a fascinating ability to degrade compounds that are toxic for humans in a process called bioremediation. Although these traits help microbes survive the toxins, carrying them can be costly if the benefit of detoxification is shared by all surrounding microbes, whether they detoxify or not. Detoxification can thereby be seen as a public goods game, where nondegrading mutants can sweep through the population and collapse bioremediation. Here, we constructed an evolutionary game theoretical model to optimize bioremediation in a chemostat initially containing “cooperating” (detoxifying) microbes. We consider two types of mutants: “cheaters” that do not detoxify, and mutants that become resistant to the toxin through private mechanisms that do not benefit others. By manipulating the concentration and flow rate of a toxin into the chemostat, we identified conditions where cooperators can exclude cheaters that differ in their private resistance. However, eventually, cheaters are bound to invade. To overcome this inevitable outcome and maximize detoxification efficiency, cooperators can be periodically reinoculated into the population. Our study investigates the outcome of an evolutionary game combining both public and private goods and demonstrates how environmental parameters can be used to control evolutionary dynamics in practical applications.
Deformation localization and cracking processes of sandstone containing two flaws of different geometric arrangements
Authors: Lei Ruide , Zhang Zhenyu , Ge Zhaolong , Berto Filippo , Wang Gang , Zhou Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present deformation localization and cracking process of sandstone with two flaws of different geometric configurations in uniaxial compression. The full field strain and progressive cracking processes are quantitatively monitored using three‐dimensional digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques. The results show that peak strength and elastic modulus show a first decrease and then increase trend with regard to ligament angle under the same flaw geometry, achieving the minimum at the ligament angle 60°. The tensile strain develops at low stress level and then increases significantly. However, the shear strain only tends to be obvious while approaching peak stress. With the ligament angle increasing, the crack coalescence mode transfers from indirect to direct coalescence. In addition, the complete cracking processes of sandstone can be divided into six stages, together with six crack coalescence modes.
Social participation patterns and the incidence of functional disability: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Ukawa Shigekazu , Tamakoshi Akiko , Okada Yutaka , Ito Yoichi M , Taniguchi Rika , Tani Yukako , Sasaki Yuri , Saito Junko , Haseda Maho , Kondo Naoki , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: July 2020

AimTo examine whether patterns of social participation vary in their associations with functional disability.MethodsData from 44 978 participants (22 750 men and 22 228 women) who participated in the 2010 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were analyzed; a study of those aged ≥65 years from 23 municipalities in eight prefectures. Social participation information was obtained at baseline with an eight‐item questionnaire. Incidence of functional disability from 2010 to 2013 was defined as a new certification of eligibility for municipal public long‐term care insurance. Social participation patterns were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and participants were classified into quartiles of factor scores of social participation patterns. A competing risk model was used to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of functional disability in 3 years of follow‐up.ResultsTwo social patterns were identified: sports groups/clubs and hobby groups, and political groups/organizations and industry/trade associations. For both patterns, compared with participants in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile were more likely to be male, college educated, high‐income and current drinkers. Both patterns were associated with reduced incidence of functional disability (adjusted hazard ratios for top quartile of sports and hobby pattern: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.74; for political and industry/trade pattern: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.72, 0.90; P for trend <0.001 for both).ConclusionsThose whose social participation patterns were characterized by frequent participation in sports groups/clubs and hobby groups or political groups/organizations and industry/trade associations were less likely to develop a functional disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 765–772.
The effects of three types of China's official turnover on air quality: A regression discontinuity study
Authors: Chen Liqiang , Gao Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAir pollution control has been incorporated into the performance appraisal system of local officials in China. It is necessary to explore the underlying reasons behind China's air pollution. In this study, we measure the effects of different types of official turnover (OT) on air quality using a sharp regression discontinuity model, and collect the appointment information of mayors and municipal party secretaries from 333 cities in China between December 2013 and January 2018. Results show: (a) OT leads to a significant increase in air pollution discharges and this result remains valid after a series of robustness checks; (b) the level of air pollution increases when newly appointed officials are from the local district; (c) officials promoted from other districts tend to break the existing political connections and do not aggravate local air pollution; (d) when officials come from the central government, they often do not take any actions to control air pollution; (e) from the perspective of heterogeneity, we find that frequency of turnover, ex‐officials, and the age, place of birth, and region of the officials have a heterogeneous impact on the officials' behavior. These findings shed new light on the determinants of air quality and suggest that OT is important in controlling air pollution.
Inhibitors—Recent insights
Authors: Pratt Kathleen P. , Arruda Valder R. , Lacroix‐Desmazes Sébastien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of inhibitory antibodies to therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) in haemophilia A (HA) patients is the major complication in treatment/prevention of haemorrhages. The reasons some HA patients develop inhibitors while others do not remain unclear. This review briefly summarizes our understanding of anti‐FVIII immune responses, the roles of T cells, both effector and regulatory, and generally discusses the interplay between FVIII and the immune system, both in factor replacement therapy and gene therapy, with some comparisons to factor IX and haemophilia B therapies. Notably, we propose that the prevailing observed active tolerance to FVIII in both HA and non‐HA individuals rests to greater or lesser extents on peripherally induced immune tolerance. We also propose that the immune systems of inhibitor‐negative HA patients do not merely ignore therapeutic FVIII, but rather have immunologically assessed and actively tolerized the patients to exogenous FVIII. Induction of such peripheral immune tolerance may further be triggered in HA patients who failed to tolerize upon initial FVIII exposure by ‘appropriate’ stimulation of their immune system, eg by immune tolerance induction therapy via intensive FVIII therapy, by oral administration of FVIII, by cellular therapies or by gene therapy directed to immuno‐tolerogenic sites such as the liver.
Is platelet monitoring during 7‐day lusutrombopag treatment necessary in chronic liver disease patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing planned invasive procedures? A phase IIIb open‐label study
Authors: Numata Kazushi , Tanaka Katsuaki , Katsube Takayuki , Ochiai Toshimitsu , Fukuhara Takahiro , Kano Takeshi , Osaki Yukio , Izumi Namiki , Imawari Michio 
Published: July 2020

AimLusutrombopag is approved for thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease patients planned to undergo invasive procedures. In previous clinical studies, lusutrombopag treatment was stopped in patients with an increase in platelet count (PC) of ≥20 × 109/L from baseline and whose PC was ≥50 × 109/L (discontinuation criteria). We assessed the influence of platelet monitoring during lusutrombopag treatment in lusutrombopag‐naïve patients.MethodsIn this open‐label study, Child–Pugh class A and B (A/B) patients were enrolled and treated with lusutrombopag (3 mg/day) for 7 days. In the treatment‐naïve A/B‐1 group, the discontinuation criteria were applied on day 6. In the treatment‐naïve A/B‐2 group, the criteria were not applied. In a non‐naïve A/B group, the criteria were applied on days 3 and 5–7. The main efficacy end‐point was the proportion of patients without platelet transfusion (PT) before the primary invasive procedure.ResultsIn the A/B‐1, A/B‐2, and non‐naïve A/B groups, the proportions of patients without PT were 80.9% (38/47), 83.0% (39/47), and 75.0% (6/8), respectively. The mean durations of PC ≥ 50 × 109/L without PT were 20.7, 20.3, and 22.8 days, respectively. Excessive PC increases (≥200 × 109/L) were not detected in any group. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 4.3%, 6.4%, and 0% of A/B‐1, A/B‐2, and non‐naïve A/B patients, respectively. Severe portal vein thrombosis occurred in one A/B‐2 patient (PC 75 × 109/L at onset).ConclusionsNo meaningful efficacy and safety differences were observed among the groups with or without discontinuation criteria and the non‐naïve group. These findings support lusutrombopag treatment without platelet monitoring and retreatment with lusutrombopag.
Prevalence of histological features resembling autoimmune pancreatitis in neoplastic pancreas resections
Authors: Chen Lina , Orr Christine E , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2020

AimsTypes 1 and 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) can mimic pancreatic neoplasia. Due to the small quantity of tissue in mass‐targeted pancreas biopsies, inflammatory features may raise the differential of AIP. However, the frequency of AIP‐like histology in neoplastic pancreas is not well characterised. Therefore, the specificity of inflammatory lesions on biopsy with respect to the diagnosis of AIP is uncertain.Methods and resultsNeoplastic pancreas resections performed at our institution between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Features of AIP types 1 and 2 were assessed in the non‐neoplastic areas. If features of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐associated AIP were seen, IgG4 immunohistochemistry was performed. We identified 163 neoplastic pancreas resections. Of these, 34 had one or more types of inflammatory lesions in non‐neoplastic pancreatic tissue. Dense lymphoplasmacytic inflammation mimicking type 1 AIP was found in six cases with mild to moderately increased IgG4‐positive plasma cells. Neutrophilic infiltrates in small intralobular ducts were found in 20 cases. Mild extralobular ductitis or duct microabscess was found in 10 specimens. Marked neutrophilic duct destruction that resembled granulocytic epithelial lesions was found in 12 cases. Some cases showed multiple features.ConclusionApproximately 20% of neoplastic pancreas resections showed focal areas that could raise the differential of AIP. More cases showed neutrophilic predominant inflammation as seen in type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis, compared to dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates seen in type 1 AIP. Pathologists must be cautious when making a diagnosis of AIP on biopsy tissue based on histological findings alone.
Preclinical relevance of probiotics in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Marques Anaísa Martins , Sarandy Mariáurea Matias , Novaes Rômulo Dias , Gonçalves Reggiani Vilela , Freitas Mariella Bontempo 
Published: July 2020

SummaryType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the world and may result in several long‐term complications. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and host metabolism is closely related to T2DM. Currently, fragmented data hamper defining the relationship between probiotics and T2DM. This systematic review aimed at investigating the effects of probiotics on T2DM in animal models. We systematically reviewed preclinical evidences using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, recovering 24 original articles published until September 27th, 2019. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We included experimental studies with animal models reporting the effects of probiotics on T2DM. Studies were sorted by characteristics of publications, animal models, performed analyses, probiotic used and interventions. Bias analysis and methodological quality assessments were examined through the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Probiotics improved T2DM in 96% of the studies. Most studies (96%) used Lactobacillus strains, and all of them led to improved glycaemia. All studies used rodents as models, and male animals were preferred over females. Results suggest that probiotics have a beneficial effect in T2DM animals and could be used as a supporting alternative in the disease treatment. Considering a detailed evaluation of the reporting and methodological quality, the current preclinical evidence is at high risk of bias. We hope that our critical analysis will be useful in mitigating the sources of bias in further studies.
Attitudes of nurses towards clinical information systems: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferdousi R. , Arab‐Zozani M. , Tahamtan I. , Rezaei‐Hachesu P. , Dehghani M. 
Published: July 2020

AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the attitudes of Iranian nurses towards clinical information systems in nursing practice.BackgroundNurses are essential in the successful adoption and implementation of clinical information systems.MethodsA systematic search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science and Farsi databases, to retrieve relevant studies. The methodological quality of the studies is assessed via the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross‐sectional studies. The random effect model was utilized to analyse the data due to the high heterogeneity in the included studies (n = 17).ResultsResults indicate that clinical information systems impact on at least seven aspects of nursing practice, including documentation, patient safety, quality of treatment, communication, treatment management, nursing tasks and hospital resource management. Results also indicated that one aspect of using clinical information systems in nursing practice is satisfaction with the ‘quality and design of clinical information systems’, such as ease of use and learning, flexibility and software speed.ConclusionClinical information systems can contribute to different aspects of nursing practice. However, their design should improve significantly in order to help nurses perform their professional activities in an efficient and satisfactory manner.Implications for Nursing PolicyBefore the full deployment of clinical information systems, their usability should be tested. In pilot testing, nurses should provide necessary feedback about how well the systems work and improvements needed to meet their professional goals.
BMX tyrosine kinase gene is expressed in granulocytes and myeloid leukaemias
Authors: Kaukonen Jaakko , Lahtinen Isto , Laine Sinikka , Alitalo Kari , Palotie Aarno 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe growth and maturation of haemopoietic cells is regulated by signal transduction through tyrosine protein kinases. Recently, a novel cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase gene in chromosome X, called Bmx, was identified in human bone marrow RNA. Bmx belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinases which are expressed in various haemopoietic cell lineages. We studied Bmx expression using RT‐PCR of RNA from fractionated peripheral blood leucocytes, progenitor‐enriched fractions of cord blood and from bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from leukaemia patients. Bmx was strongly expressed in haemopoietic tissues and enhanced in neutrophilic granulocytes. Bmx mRNA was also found in CD34‐positive progenitor cells from cord blood. All samples (10/10) of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and (4/4) with chronic myeloid leukaemia showed expression of Bmx. In contrast, none of the samples of acute lymphoid leukaemia (0/8) and only one out of six samples of chronic lymphoid leukaemia expressed Bmx. fa conclusion, Bmx expression seems to be associated with myelopoiesis.
White‐coat and masked hypertension diagnoses in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Pereira Henrique , Bonilha Alessandra , Barretti Pasqual , Silva Roberto , Burgugi Vanessa , dos Santos Vanessa , Cuadrado Luis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze which 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) parameters should be used on masked hypertension (MH) and white‐coat hypertension (WCH) diagnoses in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Non‐dialysis CKD patients underwent 24‐hour ABPM examination between 01/27/2004 and 02/16/2012. They were followed from the 24‐hour ABPM to January/2014 in an observational study. The WCH definitions tested were as follows: (a) office blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and daytime ABPM BP ≤ 135/85 mm Hg (old criterion); and (b) office BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and 24‐hour ABPM BP ≤ 130/80 mm Hg, daytime ABPM BP ≤ 135/85 mm Hg, and nighttime ABPM BP ≤ 120/70 mm Hg (new criterion). The MH definitions tested were as follows: (a) office BP < 140/90 mm Hg and daytime ABPM BP > 135/85 mm Hg (old criterion); and (b) office BP < 140/90 mm Hg and 24‐hour ABPM BP > 130/80 mm Hg or daytime ABPM BP > 135/85 mm Hg or nighttime ABPM BP > 120/70 mm Hg (new criterion). The two definitions' predictive capacity was compared, regarding both WCH and MH. Cardiovascular mortality was the primary and all‐cause mortality was the secondary outcome. Cox regression was adjusted to the variables: glomerular filtration rate, age, diabetes mellitus, and active smoking. There were 367 patients studied. The old criterion (exclusive mean daytime ABPM BP) was the only to distinguish sustained hypertension from WCH (adjusted HR: 3.730; 95% CI: 1.068‐13.029; P = .039), regarding all‐cause mortality. Additionally, the old criterion was the only one to distinguish normotension and MH, regarding cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR: 7.641; 95% CI: 1.277‐45.738; P = .026). Therefore, WCH and MH definitions based exclusively on daytime ABPM BP values (old criterion) were able to better distinguish mortality in this studied CKD cohort.
A Recursion‐Based Analytical Approach to Evaluate the Performance of MST
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Davey Tim , Wells Craig S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study proposed a recursion‐based analytical approach to assess measurement precision of ability estimation and classification accuracy in multistage adaptive tests (MSTs). A simulation study was conducted to compare the proposed recursion‐based analytical method with an analytical method proposed by Park, Kim, Chung, and Dodd and with the more commonly used Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approaches. The results from the simulation study indicate that the recursion‐based analytical method produced more stable measurement properties in MST than the MC‐based simulation method. It also produced more credible measurement performance than the analytical approach of Park, Kim, Chung, and Dodd. We expect that the recursion‐based analytical method would be especially efficient in instances when multiple MST designs need to be compared to determine which one has better measurement performance.
Real‐time RT‐qPCR assay to detect sequences in the Piscine orthoreovirus‐1 genome segment S1 associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Siah Ahmed , Knutsen Emilie , Richmond Zina , Mills Meghan , Frisch Kathleen , Powell James F. F. , Brevik Øyvind , Duesund Henrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV‐1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV‐1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV‐1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay to target the PRV‐1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non‐salmonids that may carry PRV‐1 potentially causing HSMI.