bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Fear of Deportation: Intersectional Barriers to Well‐Being Among Latina Farmworkers in Southwestern Idaho
Authors: Meierotto Lisa , Castellano Rebecca L. Som , Curl Cynthia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLatina farmworkers in rural Idaho live with geographic isolation, fear of deportation, gender disparities, and income inequalities. While economic and social challenges have existed for decades, fear and isolation have become more acute during the Trump administration. Utilizing interview, survey, and focus group data, we identify multiple ways in which Latina farmworkers struggle with policy‐exacerbated isolation. We find that experiences of isolation intersect with gender disparities and economic inequalities, and this ultimately affects women’s well‐being.
Short report: Improving motor competence skills in early childhood has corollary benefits for executive function and numeracy skills
Authors: Hudson Kesha N. , Ballou Haley M. , Willoughby Michael T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have documented that individual differences in fine and gross motor skills are associated with executive function (EF) skills. This study used an experimental design to test whether participating in cognitively challenging motor skills activities was causally related to improvements in motor skills and two key indicators of school readiness: executive function and early numeracy skills. The motor skill program involved fine and gross motor game‐like activities that were delivered in a small group format. Activities were socially engaging and progressively challenged children based on their motor competencies. Fifty‐three preschool‐aged children participated in 16 motor skill sessions across 8 weeks. There were significant treatment effects for all outcomes, such that children in the treatment condition exhibited significant improvements in motor, EF, and early numeracy skills, compared to their peers in the waitlist control condition. Treatment effects on EF skills were stronger for inhibitory control than working memory. Improvements in numeracy were most pronounced for children with initially lower levels of ability. Motor skill‐based interventions are an ecologically valid and developmentally appropriate approach for fostering school readiness skills in early childhood.
United with Christ in the spirit: The pneumatological dimension of the doctrine of justification
Authors: Hegstad Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn important aspect of the consensus reached in the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification was the understanding of justification as union with Christ. From the Lutheran side, this understanding was dependent on the contributions of the Finnish school of Luther research. The Finns’ understanding of justification has been criticized for its insufficient pneumatological basis, and this criticism might also be applied to the Joint Declaration. This article points to resources in Luther's theology as well as perspectives from Pentecostal theology that might contribute to developing the pneumatological dimension of the doctrine of justification.
Surgical repair of congenital lateral luxation of the patella in an Arabian foal using a polypropylene mesh
Authors: Gustafsson K. , Hontoir F. , Sutton G. A. , Kelmer G. , Tatz A. J. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryA 3‐h‐old, 40‐kg Arabian filly was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, due to inability to stand and nurse after birth. The left stifle was oedematous and warm, and the patella was palpated lateral to the distal end of the femur. Radiographs of the left stifle confirmed the patella to be positioned laterally. The trochlear groove of the femur appeared of normal depth, and no other radiographic abnormalities were observed. The filly was leucopenic (white blood cell count 3.0 x 109/L; reference range 6.9–17.0 x 109/L) and had a normal packed cell volume [40% (RR 37–50%)] and low concentration of total serum protein [44 g/L (RR 51–78 g/L)] suggesting the filly likely suffered from failure of passive transfer. The filly was surgically treated for lateral patellar luxation by transecting the lateral parapatellar fascia, imbricating the medial parapatellar fascia and suturing a polypropylene mesh to the imbricated fascia. Post‐operative complications included dehiscence of the lateral incision, a subcutaneous abscess on the medial aspect of the stifle and synovial sepsis of the femoropatellar joint. The filly was sound at the walk 10 months after surgery, and no osseous abnormalities were noted on examination of radiographs of the left stifle at that time.
Application of a Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram to horses competing at 5‐star three‐day‐events: Comparison with performance
Authors: Dyson S. , Ellis A. D. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryA Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) was previously developed to facilitate the detection of musculoskeletal pain. The objectives were to apply the RHpE during warm‐up for the dressage phase of two 5* three‐day events and to correlate the RHpE scores with subsequent performance. It was hypothesised that there would be a higher rate of failure to complete the cross‐country phase in horses which exhibited ≥7 behaviours compared with those showing <7 behaviours. The RHpE, comprising 24 behaviours, was applied for 10–12 min during warm‐up. Gait abnormalities in trot and canter were recorded. Dressage penalties, cross‐country performance, showjumping penalties and final placings were documented. Horses were categorised as those which completed cross‐country, or those which did not complete because of elimination or retirement. RHpE scores (n = 137) ranged from 0 to 9/24 (median 3 [range 0–9] for nonlame horses; median 5 [range 1–9] for horses with gait abnormalities in trot or canter). There was a moderate correlation between dressage penalty scores and the RHpE score (rho = 0.4, P<0.001, Spearman rank). Fifty‐nine per cent of horses (n = 10/17) with a RHpE score ≥7 failed to complete cross‐country, compared with 33% (n = 39/117) with a score <7. Horses that failed to complete the cross‐country phase had higher RHpE scores compared with those that completed (P = 0.04, W = 8.3, Kruskal–Wallis; pairwise comparison Bonferroni, P = 0.06). There was a significant (rho = 0.3) relationship between total RHpE score and final horse placings (n = 80, P<0.01, Spearman rank). Horses with lameness or gait abnormalities in canter had significantly higher RHpE scores (P<0.01, χ2 = 35, chi‐square test) compared with other horses. There was a strong correlation between the RHpE scores for horses which competed at both events (P<0.001, rho = 0.6, Spearman rank). The RHpE should facilitate earlier identification of horses which may benefit from diagnosis and treatment, resulting in improvement in both performance and equine welfare.
Anthropogenic forcing of fish boldness and its impacts on ecosystem structure
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Nuo , Zhang Lai , Andersen Ken H. , Klaminder Jonatan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModified fish behaviors in response to anthropogenic stressors, such as chemicals, microplastics, acoustic emissions and fisheries, are a debated driver of change in freshwater ecosystems and oceans. Our ability to judge the severity of observed behavioral responses is hampered by limited knowledge regarding how subtle behavior modifications in prey fish affect ecosystems. Here we show that anthropogenic stressors affecting fish boldness are not expected to cause population collapse, but rather elusive effects on fish length, population biomass, reproduction and ecosystem state shifts. We use a physiologically structured population model (three trophic levels), well fed with empirical data, to simulate how previously suggested alterations of fish boldness traits due to anthropogenic stressors affect ecosystem structure. Our results suggest that these stressors may cause ecosystem structure effects, such as skewed size distributions, reduced fish biomass and reduced reproduction success, by altering the foraging behavior of fish. However, the specific structure effects depend on where the boldness–shyness continuum change occurs and on the species‐specific life stages. The model also highlights somewhat counterintuitive effects leading to possible extinction of predators when the foraging behavior of the prey is hampered. We conclude that anthropogenic forcing of fish behavior may be a hidden mechanism behind ecosystem structure changes in both freshwater and marine ecosystems.
Relative effects of anthropogenic pressures, climate, and sampling design on the structure of pollination networks at the global scale
Authors: Doré Maël , Fontaine Colin , Thébault Elisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPollinators provide crucial ecosystem services that underpin to wild plant reproduction and yields of insect‐pollinated crops. Understanding the relative impacts of anthropogenic pressures and climate on the structure of plant–pollinator interaction networks is vital considering ongoing global change and pollinator decline. Our ability to predict the consequences of global change for pollinator assemblages worldwide requires global syntheses, but these analytical approaches may be hindered by variable methods among studies that either invalidate comparisons or mask biological phenomena. Here we conducted a synthetic analysis that assesses the relative impact of anthropogenic pressures and climatic variability, and accounts for heterogeneity in sampling methodology to reveal network responses at the global scale. We analyzed an extensive dataset, comprising 295 networks over 123 locations all over the world, and reporting over 50,000 interactions between flowering plant species and their insect visitors. Our study revealed that anthropogenic pressures correlate with an increase in generalism in pollination networks while pollinator richness and taxonomic composition are more related to climatic variables with an increase in dipteran pollinator richness associated with cooler temperatures. The contrasting response of species richness and generalism of the plant–pollinator networks stresses the importance of considering interaction network structure alongside diversity in ecological monitoring. In addition, differences in sampling design explained more variation than anthropogenic pressures or climate on both pollination networks richness and generalism, highlighting the crucial need to report and incorporate sampling design in macroecological comparative studies of pollination networks. As a whole, our study reveals a potential human impact on pollination networks at a global scale. However, further research is needed to evaluate potential consequences of loss of specialist species and their unique ecological interactions and evolutionary pathways on the ecosystem pollination function at a global scale.
Decreasing control of precipitation on grassland spring phenology in temperate China
Authors: Fu Yongshuo H. , Zhou Xuancheng , Li Xinxi , Zhang Yaru , Geng Xiaojun , Hao Fanghua , Zhang Xuan , Hanninen Heikki , Guo Yahui , De Boeck Hans J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimVegetation phenology is highly sensitive to climate change. The timing of spring phenology in temperate grasslands is regulated primarily by temperature and precipitation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the primary factor regulating vegetation phenology has changed under ongoing climate change and the underlying mechanisms.LocationTemperate semi‐dry grasslands in China.Time period1982–2015.Major taxa studiedTemperate grassland.MethodsWe extracted start of season (SOS) dates using five standard methods from satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and determined the primary factor regulating spring phenology using partial correlation analysis.ResultsThe SOS date did not change significantly during the entire 1982–2015 study period in these semi‐dry grasslands, but interannual variability increased significantly from the first subperiod [1982–1998, 8.8 ± 1.1 days (mean ± SE)] to the second subperiod (1999–2015, 10.3 ± 1.1 days). Interestingly, we found that the primary factor regulating SOS shifted from precipitation during 1982–1998 to temperature during 1999–2015. Specifically, we found that during the first period, the SOS in 67.5% of the study area was determined by precipitation (mean partial correlation coefficient, r = 0.58 ± 0.16), but during the second period the main regulating factor in 75.0% of the study area was temperature (r = 0.61 ± 0.14).Main conclusionsThe change in the primary driver of spring phenology was attributed mainly to significant increases in preseason precipitation. Our study highlights that the response of spring phenology to climatic factors might change under ongoing climate change. This shift should be addressed in phenology models to simulate grassland phenology better, in addition to its impact on carbon and water cycles in future climate conditions.
Explaining interest group litigation in Europe: Evidence from the comparative interest group survey
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Naurin Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLitigation has long been a part of interest groups' lobbying tactics in the U.S. In Europe, by contrast, taking political conflicts to court has traditionally been viewed with skepticism. However, in the wake of an increasing judicialization of politics in Europe, litigation has also become part of the toolbox of European interest groups. Using original survey data from five European countries, we study how they use that tool. We show that European interest groups go to court somewhat less often than their American counterparts, but that the groups that do end up in court have similar characteristics. Overall, we find that the more politically active and resourceful a group is, the more likely it is to turn to the courts. However, a subset of politically active groups, one that deploys distinct outsider tactics, is more likely to use litigation than the rest. Government funding, however, reduces groups' propensity to litigate.
Responses to the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland: From feminized to feminist
Authors: Cullen Pauline , Murphy Mary P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we conceptualize feminist engagement with neo‐liberalism, austerity, and crisis management and analyze potential to advance a feminist “recovery” political agenda. Feminist discursive analysis of crisis and a focus on narrative enables analysis of continuity and change in feminist responses to the pandemic and exposes the nature of opportunities and constraints for mobilization on gender equality. A case study of responses to the pandemic in Ireland and empirical data in areas of care, income support and domestic violence is presented to reflect on gendered analysis of austerity and feminist responses to same, on gendered effects of COVID‐19 and feminist responses to pandemic crisis management. The case studies allow us to interrogate feminist's use of crisis to advance social transformation. We discuss whether and how feminist actors in Ireland built on learning from previous crises to generate opportunity to advance feminist demands, to break continuities by reframing old problems and to mobilize in relation to COVID‐19. We find some continuity over time, but also greater awareness of connective tissues of multiple crises, making overall strategies of feminist actors and organizations less reactive, more innovative, inclusive and independent than the previous crisis with greater potential for social transformation.
Seasonal to Decadal Variability in Focused Groundwater and Contaminant Discharge along a Channelized Stream
Authors: Tripathi Ganesh N. , Fryar Alan E. , Hampson Steven K. , Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFocused groundwater discharge to streams is problematic at contaminated sites because high fluxes can limit natural attenuation in the hyporheic zone. However, information on location, spatial evolution, and temporal persistence of springs in unlithified sediments over multiyear time scales is limited. We examine discharge at point (~1‐m) to reach (~300‐m) scales along a stream that intercepts trichloroethene and technetium‐99 plumes from a Superfund site. During 2011 to 2012, we seasonally monitored stream and spring flow and contaminant concentrations, along with probing streambed temperatures on a grid in winter and summer, building on prior monitoring during 1999 to 2002. Baseflow measured by both gauging and dye dilution generally increased with distance downstream, and stream and spring discharge varied seasonally, from minima in October to January to maxima in February to June. Thermal anomalies identified by probing occupied approximately 3% to 6% of the reach and typically coincided with visible springs or seeps. Locations of anomalies were similar to those identified in summer 2002, although some orifices disappeared and others emerged. Vertical groundwater fluxes calculated from probing tended to be less than net fluxes calculated from stream discharge, perhaps in part because the assumption of one‐dimensional, steady‐state flow in calculating point fluxes was simplistic. Maximum contaminant concentrations and fluxes decreased between 1999 to 2001 and 2011 to 2012 as a result of partial capture by an upgradient pump‐and‐treat system. Our findings confirm that springs in unlithified sediments can remain stationary within a few meters over decadal time scales, and seasonal variability in discharge can be greater than decadal variability.
Adolescents and young adults’ (AYA) views on their cancer knowledge prior to diagnosis: Findings from a qualitative study involving AYA receiving cancer care
Authors: Hart Ruth I. , Cowie Fiona J. , Jesudason Angela B. , Lawton Julia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer is rare amongst adolescents and young adults (AYA). Previous research has reported (healthy) AYA’s knowledge of risk factors and symptoms as limited, with this potentially leading to delays in help‐seeking and diagnosis.ObjectivesWe explored AYA’s views on their cancer knowledge prior to diagnosis and if/how they perceived this as having affected their experiences of diagnosis and care.MethodsWe interviewed 18 AYA diagnosed with cancer (aged 16‐24 years). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We undertook qualitative descriptive analysis, exploring both a priori topics and emergent themes, including cancer knowledge prior to diagnosis.ResultsAdolescents and young adults characterized their knowledge of cancer and treatment prior to diagnosis and treatment initiation as limited and superficial. AYA perceived gaps in their knowledge as having profound consequences throughout their cancer journey. These included: hindering recognition of symptoms, thereby delaying help‐seeking; impeding understanding of the significance of tests and referrals; amplifying uncertainty on diagnosis; and affording poor preparation for the harsh realities of treatment.ConclusionsAdolescents and young adults perceived their limited cancer knowledge prior to diagnosis as affecting experiences of diagnosis and initial/front‐line care. These findings prompt consideration of whether, when and how, AYA’s knowledge of cancer might be improved. Two broad approaches are discussed: universal education on AYA cancer and/or health; and targeted education (enhanced information and counselling) at and after diagnosis.Patient or Public ContributionOur work was informed throughout by discussions with an advisory group, whose membership included AYA treated for cancer.
Determining the origin of volcanic rocks in the mélange complex of Karangsambung based on the electrical resistivity imaging
Authors: Handayani Lina , Arisbaya Ilham , Mukti Muhammad Maruf , Sudrajat Yayat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn ENE‐WSW‐trending localized basalt‐diabase outcrop along the SE margin of Luk Ulo Mélange Complex has been suggested as intrusive rocks cut through the Paleogene Totogan and Karangsambung formations. However, the absolute dating of the volcanics is older than the inferred relative age of the sedimentary formations, hence the in‐situ intrusion theory is less likely. A subsurface imaging should delineate the possibility of the in‐situ nature of volcanic rock by looking at the continuation of the rocks to the depth. In this study, we did a subsurface imaging by electrical resistivity method. The electrical resistivity surveys were conducted at 3 (three) lines across the ENE‐WSW trend of the volcanic distribution. From those three measurements, we obtained three inversion models that present the distribution of the resistivity. We could differentiate between the high resistivity of volcanic rocks and the low resistivity of the clay‐dominated sediments. Instead of the deep‐rooted intrusions, the geometry of the volcanic rocks is concordant with the sedimentary strata. Since we do not observe any spatial continuity of the bodies, both laterally and vertically, the volcanic rocks might be part of broken intrusive rocks. Furthermore, the size and the sporadically distributed of the rocks also indicated that they are more likely as fragments during the olistostrome deposition, transported from its original location.
Modern Strategies for Time Series Regression
Authors: Clark Stephanie , Hyndman Rob J. , Pagendam Dan , Ryan Louise M. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper discusses several modern approaches to regression analysis involving time series data where some of the predictor variables are also indexed by time. We discuss classical statistical approaches as well as methods that have been proposed recently in the machine learning literature. The approaches are compared and contrasted, and it will be seen that there are advantages and disadvantages to most currently available approaches. There is ample room for methodological developments in this area. The work is motivated by an application involving the prediction of water levels as a function of rainfall and other climate variables in an aquifer in eastern Australia.
TGFB1 polymorphisms and TGF‐β1 plasma levels identify gastric adenocarcinoma patients with lower survival rate and disseminated disease
Authors: Juarez Ignacio , Gutierrez Alberto , Vaquero‐Yuste Christian , Molanes‐López Elisa M. , López Adela , Lasa Inmaculada , Gómez Remedios , Martin‐Villa José Manuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTGF‐β1 is involved in tumour growth. Four TGFB1 SNPs and TGF‐β1 production by stimulated PBMC were determined in seventy‐eight gastric adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, TGF‐β1 levels were measured in the plasma of further thirty patients. rs1800471‐G/C genotype was prevalent in patients (20.7%) compared to controls (8.4%), as it also was the rs1800468 SNP‐G/A genotype in stage IV patients (20.7%) compared to stage I, II and III patients, combined (10.3%). Conversely, the T/T rs1800469 SNP‐T/T genotype was absent in the former group and present in 19.0% in the latter. Furthermore, the rs1800469‐C/rs1800470‐T (CT) haplotype was found in 15.0% of stage IV patients as compared to 3.0% of the remaining patients (3.0%) and also identifies patients with worse five‐year life expectancy (P = .03). TGF‐β1 synthesis by stimulated PBMCs was significantly lower in patients with the risk SNPs or haplotype, compared to the alternative genotype. Finally, TGF‐β1 plasma levels were lower in patients with worse life expectancy. Analysis of TGFB1 SNPs and measurement of plasma TGF‐β1 levels serves to identify patients at risk of developing a more aggressive disease.