bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene using hypervalent iodine compounds with tetrazole ligands
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sayala Kapil Dev , Cao Yakun , Tsarevsky Nicolay V. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHypervalent iodine(III) compounds with tetrazole ligands C6H5I(N4CR)2 (R  CH3, C6H5, 4‐CH3C6H4) reacted, in the presence of elemental iodine, with the double bonds in cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (polyIP) to afford iodo‐tetrazolylated polymers. The alkyl‐iodide groups in the products of the polyIP functionalization were utilized as macro chain‐transfer agents for the iodine‐transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate, which yielded brush polymers with well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) side chains. In addition, the iodo‐tetrazolylated polymers were reacted with NaN3 in DMF at room temperature, and it was noticed that, in addition to nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions took place. However, the presence of azide groups was taken advantage of and successful click chemistry‐type of grafting‐onto reactions were carried out with alkyne‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) in the presence of CuBr and N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine. The thermal decomposition of both the iodo‐tetrazolylated and the azido‐tetrazolylated polymers was exothermic, especially for the latter materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 172–180
Strategic science planning for responsible stewardship and plant protection at the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Authors: Federman Sarah , Zankowski Paul 
Published: October 2019

Societal Impact StatementAgriculture is comprised of managed ecosystems, which can include forests, rangelands and crops; these managed ecosystems are vital resources, providing a host of economic and societal benefits. However, these systems face a multitude of challenges: from climate change and limited natural resources; to exotic pests and pathogens; to growing global populations and food demands. Responding to these global challenges requires interdisciplinary innovation and strategic planning to maintain production and sustainability while responsibly feeding the future. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and its Research, Education, and Economics, and Forest Service agencies plan to meet these challenges via research programs and initiatives.
Adaptive prescribed performance tracking control for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with zero dynamics
Authors: Liu Cungen , Wang Huanqing , Liu Xiaoping , Zhou Yucheng , Lu Shouyin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on the adaptive tracking control problem for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with zero dynamics via prescribed performance. Based on polynomial fitting, an adjustable performance function is firstly proposed, whose parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the tracking error. Furthermore, an adaptive prescribed performance tracking controller is constructed via the backstepping method, which guarantees that all the states in the closed‐loop system are bounded. Meanwhile, the output tracking error falls within an adjustable performance boundary and asymptotically converges to zero. Simulation comparison demonstrates the advantages of the developed controller as follows: (1) the parameters of the adjustable performance function are adjusted online according to the tracking errors for a faster convergent performance boundary; (2) the steady‐state performance of the system is further optimized simultaneously.
Stromal cells from perinatal and adult sources modulate the inflammatory immune response in vitro by decreasing Th1 cell proliferation and cytokine secretion
Authors: Khoury Oula , Atala Anthony , Murphy Sean V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany immune-mediated conditions are associated with a dysregulated imbalance toward a Th1 response leading to disease onset, severity, and damage. Many of the therapies such as immunomodulators or anti-TNF-α antibodies often fall short in preventing disease progression and ameliorating disease conditions. Thus, new therapies that can target inflammatory environments would have a major impact in preventing the progression of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the role of human stromal cells derived from the amniotic fluid (AFSCs), the placenta (PLSCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in modulating the inflammatory response of in vitro-stimulated circulating blood-derived immune cells. Immune cells were isolated from the blood of healthy individuals and stimulated in vitro with antigens to activate inflammatory responses to stimuli. AFSC, BM-MSCs, and PLSCs were cocultured with stimulated leukocytes, neutrophils, or lymphocytes. Inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil migration, enzymatic degranulation, T cell proliferation, and subsets were evaluated. Coculture of all three stromal cell types decreased the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, and the transcription factor NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated leukocytes. With isolated phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cells coculture leads to a decrease in lymphocyte proliferation. This effect correlated with decreased numbers of Th1 lymphocytes and decreased secreted levels of IFN-γ.Significance statement This study highlights the immunosuppressive properties of perinatal cells on Th1 cells and their associated cytokines thus providing further understanding of the role of perinatal cells as a potential therapy to target Th1 mediated diseases.
Nanofibrous Composites Reinforced by MoS2 Nanosheets as a Conductive Scaffold for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nazari Hojjatollah , Heirani‐Tabasi Asieh , Alavijeh Mohammadhossein Shahsavari , Jeshvaghani Zahra Shojaei , Esmaeili Elaheh , Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Mohabatpour Fatemeh , Taheri Behnaz , Tafti Seyed Hossein Ahmadi , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMimicking the structure of extracellular matrix and electrical conductivity of myocardium are required to regenerate the functional cardiac tissue. In this study, Molybdenum disulfide, MoS2, nanosheets were synthesized and incorporated into nylon6 electrospun nanofibers in order to enhance the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the scaffolds. Then, the mouse embryonic cardiac cells, mECCs, were seeded on the scaffolds for in vitro studies. The MoS2 nanosheets were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Nylon/MoS2 nanofibers were characterized by SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), water contact angle measurement, electrical conductivity, and tensile test. Furthermore, cytocompatibility of scaffolds was confirmed by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT, assay. SEM images showed more elongated morphology for mECCs attached to the nylon/MoS2 scaffold. Also, the Real‐Time PCR and immunostaining studies indicated the maturation and upregulation of cardiac functional genes including GATA‐4, c‐TnT, Nkx 2.5 and α‐MHC in the nylon/MoS2 scaffold in comparison to the bare nylon. Therefore, MoS2 reinforced nylon nanofibrous scaffolds can be considered as a suitable candidate in cardiac tissue engineering.
Tailored Synthesis of Pt‐Nanoparticle‐Modified Mesoporous TiO2 Popcorn‐Like Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Yang Qian , Guo Enyan , Sun Ke , Zhang Xuetao , Liu Hao , Lu Qifang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDesigning green and efficient photocatalysts for pollutant degradation is of great significance, where the photogenerated charge separation plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic efficiency. A three‐dimensional popcorn‐like TiO2 mesoporous sphere with tunable Pt contents has been successfully synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal process and chemical reduction. The resultant Pt/TiO2 mesoporous spheres exhibit a suppressed charge recombination due to the synergic effect of TiO2 and Pt. To be specific, the Pt nanoparticle on the TiO2 facilitates the collection and transfer of the photogenerated electrons originated from the mesoporous TiO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculated results further confirm the faster carries separation in Pt/TiO2. Meanwhile, the specific three‐dimensional structure endows Pt/TiO2 spheres with enhanced light scattering ability, a high surface area, and porous structure. As a consequence, the novel Pt/TiO2 mesoporous spheres present multiple fold enhancement on the RhB photodegradation efficiency compared with that of neat TiO2, in which 1.0% Pt/TiO2 presents the highest photocatalytic activity. This work proposes a new perspective of green and efficient photocatalysts.
Synthetic Utilization of α,β‐Chalcone Dibromide In Heterocyclic Chemistry and Stereoselective Debromination
Authors: Kamal Raj , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Vipan , Bhardwaj Vikas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review article epitomize the different synthetic approaches to synthesize α,β‐chalcone dibromide and their application in developing chemically and biologically relevant heterocyclic compounds. The transformation of α,β‐chalcone dibromide into aziridines, pyrazolines, pyrazoles, isoxazoles, pyridine, pyrimidine, flavanoids, diazepines and other heterocyclic compounds has been described briefly in different categories to highlight the importance of these α,β‐chalcone dibromide as key intermediate in organic chemistry. Stereoselective debromination of α,β‐chalcone dibromides with various metal‐containing reducing agents, metal‐metal salt system, ionic liquid, solvents and photoredox catalyst to their corresponding chalcones is also described.
Iron(II) Clathrochelate with Terminal Triple C≡C Bond and Its Carboranoclathrochelate Derivative with a Flexible Linker between the Polyhedral Cages: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure
Authors: Zelinskii Genrikh E. , Belov Alexander S. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Limarev Ilya P. , Pavlov Alexander A. , Olshevskaya Valentina A. , Makarenkov Anton V. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Lebed Ekaterina G. , Voloshin Yan Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMonopropargylamine iron(II) tris‐dioximate was easily prepared in a high yield using nucleophilic substitution of its monochloroclathrochelate precursor with propargylamine as a primary aliphatic amine N‐nucleophile in acetonitrile as a solvent. This complex with terminal C≡C group underwent a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition “click”‐reaction with ortho‐carborane‐1‐methylazide, thus giving a hybrid iron(II) carboranoclathrochelate with ortho‐carborane‐(12)‐[1,2,3]‐triazolmethylamine fragment in its ribbed substituent, the molecule of which contains two (i. e. clathrochelate and carborane) terminal cages. These complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, MALDI‐TOF mass, IR, UV‐Vis, 1H, 1H{11B}, 11B, 11B{1H}, 19F{1H} and 13C{1H} NMR spectra, and by single crystal X‐ray diffraction as well.
MnCl2‐Mediated Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Iodides and Aromatic Terminal Alkynes by Using CO
Authors: Lakshmi Parvathi K. , Markandeya Sarma V. , Sridhar Chidara , Babu K Raghu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new, simple, and efficient synthetic protocol has been developed for Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling (CSC) with aryl iodides, aromatic terminal alkynes, and CO (2 atm) by using manganese chloride (MnCl2) as a catalyst. This method has shown a good‐to‐excellent yield of the desired products. Additionally, it was found to have ensured the synthesis of 2‐substituted flavones.
Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System via Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) by Novel Urea and Carbamate Derivatives
Authors: Cramer Sarah , Johnson Jacklyn , Ngo Thanh , El‐Alfy Abir T. , Stec Jozef 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent discoveries in the physiology and pharmacology of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) ushered in new therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain, inflammatory, sleep, eating, and various CNS disorders. To date, diverse synthetic molecules have been reported to target the cannabinoid (CB) receptors. While very potent, the exogenous agonists of CB receptors are often accompanied by adverse effects such as impaired memory, cognition, and most notably addiction. On the contrary, the known endogenous agonists such as anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) are susceptible to enzyme‐mediated hydrolysis thus are not feasible as therapeutic agents. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the principal enzyme responsible for degradation of anandamide and related regulatory lipophilic molecules such as oleamide. Inhibition of FAAH potentiates the action of the endogenous CB agonists, thus provides an indirect approach to modulate the endocannabinoid system. This approach also eliminates the unwanted adverse effects observed with the use of direct synthetic CB agonists. An efficient one‐pot, two‐step synthetic protocol was used to prepare a focused library of lipophilic compounds with potential inhibitory activity of FAAH. Those molecules were screened in vitro and their activity was reported as percent (%) of enzyme's inhibition. Overall, several analogs showed 40% or greater inhibition of FAAH at 100 μM compound's concentration, and many of them also retained high activity at 50 μM compound's concentration. Those results imply that diacyl ureas, acyl ureas and acyl carbamates can serve as the starting point for medicinal chemistry structure optimization in search of novel inhibitors of FAAH.
Trifluoroacetylation of 2‐Methyl‐ and 2‐Ethylchromones: A Convenient Access to 2‐Trifluoroacetonyl Chromones
Authors: Mrug Galyna P. , Biletska Iryna M. , Bondarenko Svitlana P. , Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Frasinyuk Mykhaylo S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐(3,3,3‐trifluoroacetonyl) chromones and isoflavones has been developed. This method involves an initial in situ generation of the vinyl ethers from 2‐methyl‐ or 2‐ethylchromones/isoflavones and their subsequent acylation with trifluoroacetic anhydride in the presence of CF3COOK. This pathway provides convenient access to novel fluorinated analogs of naturally occurring chromones.
The path towards groundwater management in the borderlands of Mexico and Texas
Authors: Sanchez Rosario , Eckstein Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBinational efforts to understand, assess, and manage shared groundwater resources on the Mexico‐Texas border are limited and politically sensitive. On the Mexico side, long‐standing centralized groundwater governance structures have created institutional barriers at the local level to the expansion of knowledge and cooperation over these transboundary resources. On the Texas side, property rights related to groundwater resources limit the scope of options available for cooperative management of cross‐border aquifers. In order to develop more effective cross‐border relations and enhance knowledge, cooperative management, and sustainability of the region's shared aquifers, stakeholders in the border between Mexico and Texas should pursue local and regional arrangements that focus primarily on water quality and environmental issues. Additionally, in order for the results of local efforts to be permanent and sustainable, they must consider the more formal, long‐term cooperative models that tend to have stronger systemic impacts and funding commitments. In addition, stakeholders and officials must make a better effort to educate the public on the science and facts in order to avoid past experiences where fear and political lobbying scuttled viable and promising cooperative efforts.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta‐analysis of the prosocial tendency measure‐revised (PTM‐R)
Authors: Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Hashi Emi C. , Korous Kevin M. , Eisenberg Nancy 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionLiterature on adolescent prosocial behavior (PB) has grown tremendously since the development of The Prosocial Tendency Measure‐Revised (PTM‐R), which includes subscales assessing different types of PB. However, findings of gender differences are inconsistent across studies. Thus, we computed meta‐analyses to examine gender differences in adolescents’ PB. Further, we examined the moderating roles of type of PB, and various sample (i.e., mean age, gender composition, ethnic composition) and study (i.e., reporter type, measurement form, reliability) characteristics in gender differences in PB.MethodsUsing online databases (e.g., ProQuest), journal article references, and conference programs, we identified a total of 46 records from 32 studies (215 effect sizes,N = 12,024) across the globe that had measured adolescents’ (age 10–18; 51% male) PB using the PTM‐R or the PTM.ResultsGender differences in the PB were small to medium in magnitude (ds ranged from 0 to 0.35) for absolute gender differences (i.e., overall magnitude of gender differences regardless of which gender was higher). There were larger gender differences for gender‐typed prosocial behaviors (e.g., altruistic,d = 0.35) than gender‐neutral behaviors (e.g., anonymous,d= 0.03). The type of PB (i.e., altruistic, compliant, public, emotional, dire, anonymous) and region (i.e., European, U.S., traditional cultures, Asian) and were significant moderators.ConclusionsAlthough males and females generally are more similar than different in their prosociality, it is important to consider the type of PB when examining gender differences.
Cross‐talk between Myc and p53 in B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Yu Li , Yu Tian‐Tian , Young Ken H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMyc and p53 proteins are closely associated with many physiological cellular functions, including immune response and lymphocyte survival, and are expressed in the lymphoid organs, which are sites for the development and activation of B‐cell malignancies. Genetic alterations and other mechanisms resulting in constitutive activation, rearrangement, or mutation of MYC and TP53 contribute to the development of lymphomas, progression and therapy resistance by gene dysregulation, activation of downstream anti‐apoptotic pathways, and unfavorable microenvironment interactions. The cross‐talk between the Myc and p53 proteins contributes to the inferior prognosis in many types of B‐cell lymphomas. In this review, we present the physiological roles of Myc and p53 proteins, and recent advances in understanding the pathological roles of Myc, p53, and their cross‐talk in lymphoid neoplasms. In addition, we highlight clinical trials of novel agents that directly or indirectly inhibit Myc and/or p53 protein functions and their signaling pathways. Although, to date, these trials have failed to overcome drug resistance, the new results have highlighted the clinical efficiency of targeting diverse mechanisms of action with the goal of optimizing novel therapeutic opportunities to eradicate lymphoma cells.
Targeting the ensemble of heterogeneous tau oligomers in cells: A novel small molecule screening platform for tauopathies
Authors: Lo Chih Hung , Lim Colin Kin‐Wye , Ding Zhipeng , Wickramasinghe Sanjula P. , Braun Anthony R. , Ashe Karen H. , Rhoades Elizabeth , Thomas David D. , Sachs Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the heterogeneous pathology in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies is one of the most urgent and fundamental challenges facing the discovery of novel disease‐modifying therapies. Through monitoring ensembles of toxic and nontoxic tau oligomers spontaneously formed in cells, our biosensor technology can identify tool compounds that modulate tau oligomer structure and toxicity, providing much needed insight into the nature and properties of toxic tau oligomers.BackgroundTauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by pathologic aggregation of the microtubule binding protein tau. Recent studies suggest that tau oligomers are the primary toxic species in tauopathies.New/Updated HypothesisWe hypothesize that tau biosensors capable of monitoring tau oligomer conformation are able to identify tool compounds that modulate the structure and conformation of these tau assemblies, providing key insight into the unique structural fingerprints of toxic tau oligomers. These fingerprints will provide gravely needed biomarker profiles to improve staging of early tauopathy pathology and generate lead compounds for potential new therapeutics. Our time‐resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensors provide us an exquisitely sensitive technique to monitor minute structural changes in monomer and oligomer conformation. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we identified a novel tool compound, MK‐886, which directly binds tau, perturbs the conformation of toxic tau oligomers, and rescues tau‐induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we show that MK‐886 alters the conformation of tau monomer at the proline‐rich and microtubule binding regions, stabilizing an on‐pathway oligomer.Major Challenges for the HypothesisOur approach monitors changes in the ensemble of assemblies that are spontaneously formed in cells but does not specifically isolate or enrich unique toxic tau species. However, time‐resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer does not provide high‐resolution, atomic scale information, requiring additional experimental techniques to resolve the structural features stabilized by different tool compounds.Linkage to Other Major TheoriesOur biosensor technology is broadly applicable to other areas of tauopathy therapeutic development. These biosensors can be readily modified for different isoforms of tau, specific post‐translational modifications, and familial Alzheimer's disease–associated mutations. We are eager to explore tau interactions with chaperone proteins, monitor cross‐reactivity with other intrinsically disordered proteins, and target seeded oligomer pathology.
Unilateral Macular Choroidal Neovascularization; a Rare Manifestation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Pour Elias Khalili , Bazvand Fatemeh , Mehrabi Bahar Mohammad Reza , Abadi Mahmood Davood , Faghihi Hooshang 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treatment with imatinib mesylate in the remission phase who developed unilateral macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods:
A 45-year-old male marketer with a 5-year history of CML treated with imatinib mesylate presented with 2 months history of progressive vision loss and metamorphopsia in the right eye.

Results:
Fundus examination of the right eye revealed grey-white elevated retinal lesion with indistinct borders in the macula and retinal telangiectasia in the temporal macula. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) confirmed the presence of CNV in the right eye. After treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), macular CNV regressed significantly.

Conclusion:
Macular CNV must be kept in mind as a rare ophthalmic manifestation of patients with CML under treatment with imatinib even in the remission phase.