bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of standard tracheostomy decannulation criteria to detect suprastomal pathology
Authors: Thomas A. J. , Talbot E. , Drewery H. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMeeting established criteria for tracheostomy decannulation should improve success, although there will be a small proportion of patients with a tracheostomy who fail decannulation. Failure rates depend on patient characteristics and disparity between institutional practices and expert opinion. However, there are no widely accepted published failure rates, or agreement on the time‐point at which failure is assessed. We present a patient who had evidence of readiness for decannulation, but had immediate failure due to extrinsic tracheal compression, which proved difficult to diagnose and required surgery to resolve. Capping the tracheostomy before decannulation may or may not have given rise to suspicion of potential failure and this practice requires further evaluation as it is not without risk. For subglottic, but suprastomal lesions, nasendoscopy is not of value. It is important to decannulate patients in a safe environment, preferably early in the day to allow post decannulation observations and interventions should they become necessary, and with the close involvement of the multi‐professional team. This report illustrates the failure of our standard Tracheostomy decannulation criteria, and direct upper airway view to identify suprastomal tracheal pathology, and we discuss the potential for additional criteria which may have identified the issue before decannulation attempts.
Coralligenous assemblages along their geographical distribution: Testing of concepts and implications for management
Authors: Çinar Melih Ertan , Féral Jean‐Pierre , Arvanitidis Christos , David Romain , Taşkin Ergün , Sini Maria , Dailianis Thanos , Doğan Alper , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Evcen Alper , Chenuil Anne , Dağli Ertan , Aysel Veysel , Issaris Yannis , Bakir Kerem , Nalmpantı Melina , Sartoretto Stephane , Salomidi Maria , Sapouna Anastasia , Açik Sermin , Dimitriadis Charalampos , Koutsoubas Drosos , Katağan Tuncer , Öztürk Bilal , Koçak Ferah , Erdogan‐Dereli Deniz , Önen Senem , Özgen Özge , Türkçü Neslihan , Kirkim Fevzi , Önen Mesut 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The coralligenous habitat was studied at the large Mediterranean scale, by applying a standardized, non‐destructive photo‐sampling protocol, developed in the framework of the CIGESMED project.

The results provided evidence to support the following statements: (a) the assemblage pattern is not homogeneously distributed across the four Mediterranean ecoregions studied (biotic gradients hypothesis); and (b) the assemblage pattern does not change significantly when the information is aggregated to higher taxonomic levels (taxonomic sufficiency hypothesis).

Surrogate taxonomic categories higher than species, such as genus and family, can be used to reveal the multivariate pattern of the coralligenous assemblages.

Although preliminary at the pan‐Mediterranean scale, these outcomes set the scene for future comparisons as more data sets become available but also for comparisons between taxonomic and functional patterns.
Effect of Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase A Activity and Aerobic Glycolysis on the Proinflammatory Profile of Autoimmune CD8+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Souto‐Carneiro M. Margarida , Klika Karel D. , Abreu Mónica T. , Meyer André P. , Saffrich Rainer , Sandhoff Roger , Jennemann Richard , Kraus Franziska V. , Tykocinski Lars , Eckstein Volker , Carvalho Lina , Kriegsmann Mark , Giese Thomas , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Carvalho Rui A. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveCD8+ T cells contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by releasing proinflammatory and cytolytic mediators, even in a challenging hypoxic and nutrient‐poor microenvironment such as the synovial membrane. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanisms through which CD8+ T cells meet their metabolic demands in the blood and synovial membrane of patients with RA.MethodsPurified blood CD8+ T cells from patients with RA, patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), as well as healthy control subjects, and CD8+ T cells from RA synovial membrane were stimulated in medium containing 13C‐labeled metabolic substrates in the presence or absence of metabolic inhibitors, under conditions of normoxia or hypoxia. The production of metabolic intermediates was quantified by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. The expression of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, and immune effector molecules was assessed at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. CD8+ T cell functional studies were performed.ResultsRA blood CD8+ T cells met their metabolic demands through aerobic glycolysis, production of uniformly 13C‐enriched lactate in the RA blood (2.6 to 3.7–fold higher than in patients with SpA, patients with PsA, and healthy controls; P < 0.01), and induction of glutaminolysis. Overexpression of Warburg effect–linked enzymes in all RA CD8+ T cell subsets maintained this metabolic profile, conferring to the cells the capacity to proliferate under hypoxia and low‐glucose conditions. In all RA CD8+ T cell subsets, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was overexpressed at the mRNA level (P < 0.03 versus controls; n = 6 per group) and protein level (P < 0.05 versus controls; n = 17 RA patients, n = 9 controls). In RA blood, inhibition of LDHA with FX11 led to reductions in lipogenesis, migration and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cell effector functions, while production of reactive oxygen species was increased by 1.5‐fold (P < 0.03 versus controls). Following inhibition of LDHA with FX11, RA CD8+ T cells lost their capacity to induce healthy B cells to develop a proinflammatory phenotype. Similar metabolic alterations were observed in RA CD8+ T cells from the synovial membrane.ConclusionRemodeling glucose and glutamine metabolism in RA CD8+ T cells by targeting LDHA activity can reduce the deleterious inflammatory and cytolytic contributions of these cells to the development of autoimmunity.
Co‐Designed Exposure Protocol in the Study of Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Ledent Maryse , Vatovez Benjamin , Pirard Willy , Bordarie Jimmy , Prignot Nicolas , Oftedal Gunnhild , Geuzaine Christophe , Beauvois Véronique , Bouland Catherine , Verschaeve Luc , Dieudonné Maël 
Published: June 2020

The hypothesis of an electromagnetic origin of idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been widely investigated by provocation studies, which consist of deliberately exposing people with IEI‐EMF in laboratory settings to particular EMF to observe volunteers’ reactions. In the majority of these studies, reactions have been found to be independent of exposure. However, most of these studies suffer from design and methodological limitations that might bias their findings or reduce their precision. As provocation studies are best suited for isolating the effects of EMF, innovative protocols should be applied. In the ExpoComm project (PNREST Anses, EST/2017/2 RF/19), several innovations have been introduced: the involvement of people with IEI‐EMF in the development of the protocol, the attenuation of the anxiogenic nature of the tests, the individualization of the protocol, the validation of the neutral or normal reactivity state before the test, and the use of a cocktail of real, rather than artificially generated, sources. The objective of involving people with IEI‐EMF was to increase the relevance and acceptability of the protocol, while respecting technical constraints and scientific quality requirements. This paper describes the protocol resulting from the collaborative process. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:425–437. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Bridging the Age Gap: a prognostic model that predicts survival and aids in primary treatment decisions for older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Ward S E , Holmes G R , Morgan J L , Broggio J W , Collins K , Richards P D , Reed M W R , Wyld L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
A prognostic model was developed and validated using cancer registry data. This underpins an online decision support tool, informing primary treatment choice for women aged 70 years or older with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.

Methods
Data from women diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in the English Northern and Yorkshire and West Midlands regions were used to develop the model. Primary treatment options of surgery with adjuvant endocrine therapy or primary endocrine therapy were compared. Models predicting the hazard of breast cancer-specific mortality and hazard of other-cause mortality were combined to derive survival probabilities. The model was validated externally using data from the Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre.

Results
The model was developed using data from 23 842 women, and validated externally on a data set from 14 526 patients. The overall model calibration was good. At 2 and 5 years, predicted mortality from breast cancer and other causes differed from the observed rate by less than 1 per cent. At 5 years, there were slight overpredictions in breast cancer mortality (2629 predicted versus 2556 observed deaths; P = 0·142) and mortality from all causes (6399 versus 6320 respectively; P = 0·583). The discrepancy varied between subgroups. Model discrimination was 0·75 or above for all mortality measures.

Conclusion
A prognostic model for older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer was developed and validated in the present study. This forms a basis for an online decision support tool (https://agegap.shef.ac.uk/).
Rapid deployment of smartphone‐based augmented reality tools for field and online education in structural biology
Authors: Hoog Tanner G. , Aufdembrink Lauren M. , Gaut Nathaniel J. , Sung Rou‐Jia , Adamala Katarzyna P. , Engelhart Aaron E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural biology education commonly employs molecular visualization software, such as PyMol, RasMol, and VMD, to allow students to appreciate structure–function relationships in biomolecules. In on‐ground, classroom‐based education, these programs are commonly used on University‐owned devices with software preinstalled. Remote education typically involves the use of student‐owned devices, which complicates the use of such software, owing to the fact that (a) student devices have differing configurations (e.g., Windows vs MacOS) and processing power, and (b) not all student devices are suitable for use with such software. Smartphones are near‐ubiquitous devices, with smartphone ownership exceeding personal computer ownership, according to a recent survey. Here, we show the use of a smartphone‐based augmented reality app, Augment, in a structural biology classroom exercise, which students installed independently without IT support. Post‐lab attitudinal survey results indicate positive student experiences with this app. Based on our experiences, we suggest that smartphone‐based molecular visualization software, such as that used in this exercise, is a powerful educational tool that is particularly well‐suited for use in remote education.
Single Particle Assays to Determine Heterogeneities within Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts
Authors: Nieuwelink Anne‐Eva , Velthoen Marjolein E. Z. , Nederstigt Yoni C. M. , Jagtenberg Kristel L. , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bert M. Weckhuysen at Utrecht University. The image depicts an artistic impression of catalyst particles in full color: by combining multiple characterization techniques per single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) particle, insights are provided into the heterogeneity of an industrially used catalyst. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201905880.
A Bis‐Chelating / Ligand for the Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Platinum(II)/Rhenium(I) Complexes: Tools for the Optimization of a New Class of Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents
Authors: Bertrand Benoît , Botuha Candice , Forté Jérémy , Dossmann Héloïse , Salmain Michèle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe two independent and
coordination sites of a newly synthesized bis[2‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole] platform have been exploited to prepare four monometallic neutral ()PtII complexes carrying DMSO, pyridine, triphenylphosphine, or N‐heterocyclic carbene as the fourth ligand. Then, the second
coordination site was used to introduce an IR‐active rhenium tricarbonyl entity, affording the four corresponding heterobimetallic neutral PtII/ReI complexes, as well as a cationic PtII/ReI derivative. X‐ray crystallographic studies showed that distortion of the organic platform occurred to accommodate the coordination geometry of both metal centers. No ligand exchange or transchelation occurred upon incubation of the PtII complexes in aqueous environment or in the presence of FeIII, respectively. The antiproliferative activity of the ligand and complexes was first screened on the triple‐negative breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Then, the IC50 values of the most active candidates were determined on a wider panel of human cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and A2780), as well as on a nontumorigenic cell line (MCF‐10A). Low micromolar activities were reached for the complexes carrying a DMSO ligand, making them the first examples of highly active, but hydrolytically stable, PtII complexes. Finally, the characteristic mid‐IR signature of the {Re(CO)3} fragment in the Pt/Re heterobimetallic complexes was used to quantify their uptake in breast cancer cells.
The Coordination Chemistry of the N‐Donor‐Substituted Phosphazanes
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Bond Andrew D. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhosph(III)azanes, featuring the heterocyclobutane P2N2 ring, have now been established as building blocks in main‐group coordination and supramolecular compounds. Previous studies have largely involved their use as neutral P‐donor ligands or as anionic N‐donor ligands, derived from deprotonation of amido‐phosphazanes [RNHP(μ‐NR)]2. The use of neutral amido‐phosphazanes themselves as chelating, H‐bond donors in anion receptors has also been an area of recent interest because of the ease by which the proton acidity and anion binding constants can be modulated, by the incorporation of electron‐withdrawing exo‐ and endo‐cyclic groups (R) and by the coordination of transition metals to the ring P atoms. We observed recently that the effect of P,N‐chelation of metal atoms to the P atoms of cis‐[(2‐py)NHP(μ‐NtBu)]2 (2‐py=2‐pyridyl) not only pre‐organises the N−H functionality for optimum H‐bonding to anions but also results in a large increase in anion binding constants, well above those for traditional organic receptors like squaramides and ureas. Here, we report a broader investigation of ligand chemistry of [(2‐py)NHP(μ‐tNBu)]2 (and of the new quinolyl derivative [(8‐Qu)NHP(μ‐NtBu)]2 (8‐Qu=8‐quinolyl). The additional N‐donor functionality of the heterocyclic substituents and its position has a marked effect on the anion and metal coordination chemistry of both species, leading to novel structural behaviour and reactivity compared to unfunctionalized counterparts.
Chiral bioanalytical methods in bioequivalence studies of intravenous vs. oral formulations of ibuprofen
Authors: González‐Rojano Esperanza , Marcotegui Julio , Laredo Leonor , Gwaza Luther , Gordon John , Portolés Antonio , Vargas Emilio , Morales‐Alcelay Susana , García‐Arieta Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccording to the Ibuprofen Product‐Specific Bioequivalence Guidance of the European Medicines Agency, achiral bioanalytical methods are considered acceptable for demonstration of bioequivalence of ibuprofen‐containing products.The aim of this investigation is to compare the bioequivalence outcomes obtained with individual R and S ibuprofen enantiomers and the sum of both enantiomers from bioequivalence studies in which new intravenous ibuprofen products were compared with oral ibuprofen products. Bioequivalence was assessed for S and R enantiomers of ibuprofen and the sum of both enantiomers, which was calculated to represent the results that would have been obtained with an achiral assay. The infusion rates of 15, 20, and 30 minutes modify the maximum concentration (Cmax) of the intravenous administrations. In contrast, the time when the maximum concentration is observed (Tmax) was insensitive to detect differences in input rate within this range of infusion times. The eutomer S‐ibuprofen is the least sensitive analyte to detect differences in input rate; therefore, the regulatory acceptance of achiral bioanalytical methods for ibuprofen bioequivalence studies is justified because the sum of both enantiomers is more discriminative than the chiral methods where only the eutomer is used for regulatory decisions.
Cost‐aware cloud bursting in a fog‐cloud environment with real‐time workflow applications
Authors: Stavrinides Georgios L. , Karatza Helen D. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCloud bursting is a concept originating from the hybrid cloud computing paradigm. During workload spikes, the local resources of the private cloud are supplemented by resources in the public cloud. This technique could also be applied in a fog computing environment, in order to handle workload fluctuations, by offloading applications to the cloud. Toward this direction, in this article, we propose a strategy for the utilization of supplementary cloud resources, in order to assist in the processing of Internet of Things workflow jobs that arrive dynamically in a fog environment. As the cloud involves higher data transfer latency and monetary cost, our approach takes into account these two factors, in addition to the real‐time constraints of the workload. The proposed scheduling heuristic is based on the tradeoff between performance and monetary cost. During resource selection, different contribution factors of these two parameters are assessed. Furthermore, the proposed scheduling method is compared against a baseline policy that utilizes only the fog resources. The simulation experiments were carried out under different sizes of workflow input data and for workloads with soft and hard deadlines.
Combined Spectroscopic and TD‐DFT Analysis to Elucidate Substituent and Acidochromic Effects in Organic Dyes: A Case Study on Amino‐ versus Nitro‐Substituted 2,4‐Diphenylquinolines
Authors: dos Santos Giovanny Carvalho , Roldao Juan Carlos , Shi Junqing , Milián‐Medina Begoña , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos , Gierschner Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA combined spectroscopic and TD‐DFT case study was performed, to identify a robust method to calculate the complex near UV/Vis absorption spectra of various amino‐ vs. nitro‐substituted 2,4‐diphenylquinolines, which vary strongly under neutral and successively acidic conditions. For this, different DFT functionals were tested for geometry optimization and the TD part to calculate the neutral and different protonated species in a fast screening approach, i. e. using single point calculations in an implicit solvent. Offset‐corrected M06HF, hitherto only applied to polymers, was identified as a suitable method to reproduce the absorption spectra in a reasonable fashion for all different substitution pattern and all different protonated species at different pH values; moreover, the method properly predicts the energetic ordering of low‐lying n‐π* and ππ* transitions, which is decisive for the non‐/emissive nature of the different compounds. In all, this might provide a valuable tool for computer‐aided design of related classes of compounds.
Formation and Modulation of Nanotubular Assemblies of Oligourea Foldamers in Aqueous Conditions using Alcohol Additives
Authors: Yoo Sung Hyun , Collie Gavin W. , Mauran Laura , Guichard Gilles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is considerable interest in the rational design of controllable, bioinspired supramolecular systems as a potential means to create new biocompatible and functional materials able to mimic and build upon the characteristics of natural biopolymers. Here, the alcohol‐controlled aqueous self‐assembly of an amphiphilic helical oligourea foldamer (artificial folded oligomer) into a diverse array of tubular fibril architectures is reported. Electron microscopy studies provide details of the morphological evolution of the foldamer nanostructures from protofibrils to fibers, with high resolution X‐ray crystal structures providing an atomic‐scale view of these assemblies, and solution studies indicating the assembly and morphology to be affected by alcohol polarity and concentration. Overall, the results reported here highlight oligourea foldamers as suitable building blocks for the formation of a diverse range of tubular morphologies in a controllable manner.
A bidirectional diode containing multilevel inverter topology with reduced switch count and driver
Authors: Hosseinpour Majid , Seifi Ali , Rahimian Mohmad Mohsen 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a bidirectional diode containing multilevel inverter is introduced to reduce the number of switching elements especially in the case of a high number of output voltage levels. In comparison with classic and recently introduced symmetrical topologies, which are trying to reduce the switch count, this topology has a lower number of semiconductor switches in the same number of output voltage levels. This makes the proposed inverter to be a suitable choice for medium voltage applications like renewable energy applications as well as medium voltage electric drives. Moreover, it can be used in a cascaded configuration for high voltage levels. To depict the performance of the proposed structure, a comprehensive comparison is made between this topology and classic and recently proposed symmetric topologies in terms of switch and gate driver count, power losses, and cost. The performance of the proposed symmetrical 11‐level converter is analyzed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for both PWM and selective harmonic elimination switching methods. Not only the results are desirable but also the experimental results of laboratory prototype validate the simulation results.
Crow–penguin optimizer for multiobjective task scheduling strategy in cloud computing
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Tyagi Sanjay , Kumar Pardeep 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTask scheduling in the cloud is the multiobjective optimization problem, and most of the task scheduling problems fail to offer an effective trade‐off between the load, resource utilization, makespan, and Quality of Service (QoS). To bring a balance in the trade‐off, this paper proposes a method, termed as crow–penguin optimizer for multiobjective task scheduling strategy in cloud computing (CPO‐MTS). The proposed algorithm decides the optimal execution of the available tasks in the available cloud resources in minimal time. The proposed algorithm is the fusion of the Crow Search optimization Algorithm (CSA) and the Penguin Search Optimization Algorithm (PeSOA), and the optimal allocation of the tasks depends on the newly designed optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm exhibits a better convergence rate and converges to the global optimal solution rather than the local optima. The formulation of the multiobjectives aims at a maximum value through attaining the maximum QoS and resource utilization and minimum load and makespan, respectively. The experimentation is performed using three setups, and the analysis proves that the method attained a better QoS, makespan, Resource Utilization Cost (RUC), and load at a rate of 0.4729, 0.0432, 0.0394, and 0.0298, respectively.