bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaffolding for chemistry students – which tools are assessed as being more helpful: stepped supporting tools or task navigators?
Authors: Hermanns Jolanda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper the use of two different scaffolds in a seminar on the topic of heterocycles is discussed. The students first used both scaffolds (stepped supporting tools and a task navigator) on two tasks and could then choose for one other task the scaffold that suited them more. The scaffolds were evaluated in a mixed-methods study by the use of questionnaires and the conducting of a focus group interview. Both scaffolds were assessed as being helpful. However, students who thought they didn’t need different sorts of tips, as provided by the task navigator, chose the stepped supporting tools. All students reflected on their use of the scaffolds; their choices for one of both are therefore well-founded. As the reasons for choosing the scaffold are very individual, in future seminars both types of scaffolds will be provided.
Virtual reality and massive multiplayer online role-playing games as possible prophylaxis mathematical model: focus on COVID-19 spreading
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , Cicciù Marco , De Stefano Rosa , Bocchieri Salvatore , Herford Alan Scott , Fazio Maria , Cervino Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The digital field certainly provides a lot of information in the medical field, it is possible, in a computerized way, also to simulate epidemics, and the spread of these. There have been events in the past, in some simulation games, which are currently being studied, as they could provide important clues for the resolution of epidemics such as the one from COVID-19. One of these events occurred due to a bug in 2005 in the role-playing online game World of Warcraft. Through these simulations it is possible to make prophylactic plans to intervene preventively or plan interventions throughout mathematical models.
Impact of hygrothermal treatment on the physical properties and chemical composition of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Authors: Feng Qiming , Huang Yanhui , Ye Cuiyin , Fei Benhua , Yang Shumin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural bamboo is rapidly replacing wood, but it is highly hygroscopic and has poor dimensional stability. Herein, Moso bamboo was subjected to hygrothermal treatment at different temperatures. The hydrophobicity and dimensional stability of bamboo increased, as indicated by the 16.5% decrease in volumetric swelling and three-fold increase in the contact angle at 220 °C. The fibers and parenchyma cells delaminated, and pores appeared after treatment at 200 °C. These changes were attributed to the significant degradation of hemicelluloses. The acetyl groups of hemicelluloses decomposed into acetic acid. The apparent crystallinity of cellulose increased mainly due to the reduced hemicellulose content. Furthermore, a breakage of xylan and β-O-4 bonds was observed, and S units were condensed after treatment at 220 °C. In addition, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio showed more than a five-fold increase, while associated ferulic acid decreased after hygrothermal treatment, indicating that the dense structure of the cell walls was broken. These data were used to propose a mechanism for changes in the bamboo cell walls during hygrothermal treatment. This simple and environmentally-friendly approach holds great potential for use in high-humidity environments.
Lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 acetylates the APP adaptor Fe65 to increase its transcriptional activity
Authors: Probst Sabine , Riese Florian , Kägi Larissa , Krüger Maik , Russi Natalie , Nitsch Roger M. , Konietzko Uwe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) releases the APP intracellular domain (AICD) from the membrane. Bound to the APP adaptor protein Fe65 and the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) Tip60, AICD translocates to the nucleus. Here, the complex forms spherical condensates at sites of endogenous target genes, termed AFT spots (AICD-Fe65-Tip60). We show that loss of Tip60 KAT activity prevents autoacetylation, reduces binding of Fe65 and abolishes Fe65-mediated stabilization of Tip60. Autoacetylation is a prerequisite for AFT spot formation, with KAT-deficient Tip60 retained together with Fe65 in speckles. We identify lysine residues 204 and 701 of Fe65 as acetylation targets of Tip60. We do not detect acetylation of AICD. Mutation of Fe65 K204 and K701 to glutamine, mimicking acetylation-induced charge neutralization, increases the transcriptional activity of Fe65 whereas Tip60 inhibition reduces it. The lysine deacetylase (KDAC) class III Sirt1 deacetylates Fe65 and pharmacological modulation of Sirt1 activity regulates Fe65 transcriptional activity. A second acetylation/deacetylation cycle, conducted by CBP and class I/II KDACs at different lysine residues, regulates stability of Fe65. This is the first report describing a role for acetylation in the regulation of Fe65 transcriptional activity, with Tip60 being the only KAT tested that supports AFT spot formation.
Shifting paradigms and novel players in Cys-based redox regulation and ROS signaling in plants - and where to go next
Authors: Meyer Andreas J. , Dreyer Anna , Ugalde José M. , Feitosa-Araujo Elias , Dietz Karl-Josef , Schwarzländer Markus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cys-based redox regulation was long regarded a major adjustment mechanism of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants, but in the recent years, its scope has broadened to most fundamental processes of plant life. Drivers of the recent surge in new insights into plant redox regulation have been the availability of the genome-scale information combined with technological advances such as quantitative redox proteomics and in vivo biosensing. Several unexpected findings have started to shift paradigms of redox regulation. Here, we elaborate on a selection of recent advancements, and pinpoint emerging areas and questions of redox biology in plants. We highlight the significance of (1) proactive H2O2 generation, (2) the chloroplast as a unique redox site, (3) specificity in thioredoxin complexity, (4) how to oxidize redox switches, (5) governance principles of the redox network, (6) glutathione peroxidase-like proteins, (7) ferroptosis, (8) oxidative protein folding in the ER for phytohormonal regulation, (9) the apoplast as an unchartered redox frontier, (10) redox regulation of respiration, (11) redox transitions in seed germination and (12) the mitochondria as potential new players in reductive stress safeguarding. Our emerging understanding in plants may serve as a blueprint to scrutinize principles of reactive oxygen and Cys-based redox regulation across organisms.
Study on the erosion of Mo/ZrO2 alloys in glass melting process
Authors: Chaopeng Cui , Xiangwei Zhu , Qiang Li , Min Zhang , Guangping Zhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mo/ZrO2 electrode was prepared by combining hydrothermal synthesis with powder metallurgy, and this new electrode material has a totally different microstructure from the conventional electrode. The grain size of the new electrode was fine, and the size of ZrO2 in the alloy reached 200 nm. According to the results, the Mo–ZrO2 electrode has better performance, because the erosion occurs along the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the new electrode, based on its fine grain, can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode.
Modell Zeitschrift
Authors: Neuffer Moritz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In journals, the reception and production of knowledge coincide. Using the example of French structuralism and its reception in the Federal Republic of Germany around 1966, the article shows that magazines did not simply depict or discuss theoretical “models” and “movements”, but actively formed them. Journalistic forms such as the editorial and the interview, and also text collages typical of magazines played an important role in this process. The specific materiality, publicity, and periodicity of journals thus became decisive factors in theoretical developments and intellectual upheavals.
N-acetyl-cysteine as adjuvant therapy in female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Devi Nagita , Boya Chandrasekhar , Chhabra Manik , Bansal Dipika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) as adjuvant therapy in female infertility.

Content
We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Ovid databases through April 2019 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness and safety of NAC as adjuvant therapy in female infertility. The outcomes assessed were rates of ovulation, pregnancy, miscarriage and multiple pregnancy, presented as pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity and inconsistency of the measurements were identified through Cochrane’s Q statistic and I2 statistic. We also performed a sensitivity analysis, publication bias (using funnel plot and Begg’s test), and subgroup analysis.

Summary
Fifteen RCTs recruiting 2330 female receiving NAC were included. The pooled estimate showed the statistically insignificant improvement in outcomes; clinical pregnancy rate 1.55 (95% CI 0.98–2.47; I2=68%; p<0.01), ovulation rate 1.77 (95% CI 0.76–4.14; I2=90%; p<0.01), multiple pregnancy rate 0.83 (95% CI 0.34–1.99; I2=10%; p=0.31) and miscarriage rate 0.76 (95% CI= 0.37, 1.53; I2=0%; p=0.69) . NAC was found less efficacious and safe than metformin in all outcomes. Overall, NAC showed statistically insignificant (OR=0.98–2.47).

Outlook
NAC can be an effective adjuvant in PCOS related and unexplained female infertility. The effect could be more profound in women with high BMI, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. However, the findings need further confirmation in well-designed randomized controlled trials to examine clinical outcomes such as live birth rate in more extended follow-up periods.
A diachronic analysis of Sindhi multiscriptality
Authors: Iyengar Arvind 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent debates in modern India on which script to use for the Sindhi language in the country present the situation as a binary choice between Perso-Arabic and Devanagari. However, such debates almost always fail to take into account the fact that the Sindhi language has, for most of its written history, been written in multiple scripts by different user groups and for different purposes. This study investigates the rich history of multiscriptality in the Sindhi language by analysing data on the use of various scripts for the language from the tenth century to the present day. I show that, historically, the Sindhi community chose and used scripts based on utilitarian and pragmatic principles, rather than on ideology or prejudice. I also demonstrate that script choice in the Sindhi community was determined by religio-occupational needs, one’s gender affiliation as well as the purpose and function of writing. In doing so, I argue that the case of Sindhi multiscriptality makes significant contributions to our understanding of the sociolinguistics of writing, of script choice, and of the paradigm of biscriptality (Bunčić, Daniel, Sandra L. Lippert & Achim Rabus (eds.). 2016.Biscriptality: A sociolinguistic typology. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter).
Approximate Voronoi cells for lattices, revisited
Authors: Laarhoven Thijs 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We revisit the approximate Voronoi cells approach for solving the closest vector problem with preprocessing (CVPP) on high-dimensional lattices, and settle the open problem of Doulgerakis–Laarhoven–De Weger [PQCrypto, 2019] of determining exact asymptotics on the volume of these Voronoi cells under the Gaussian heuristic. As a result, we obtain improved upper bounds on the time complexity of the randomized iterative slicer when using less than

2

0.076
d
+
o
(
d
)

$2^{0.076d + o(d)}$

memory, and we show how to obtain time–memory trade-offs even when using less than

2

0.048
d
+
o
(
d
)

$2^{0.048d + o(d)}$

memory. We also settle the open problem of obtaining a continuous trade-off between the size of the advice and the query time complexity, as the time complexity with subexponential advice in our approach scales as

d

d

/

2
+
o
(
d
)

$d^{d/2 + o(d)}$

matching worst-case enumeration bounds, and achieving the same asymptotic scaling as average-case enumeration algorithms for the closest vector problem.
(In)Security of Ring-LWE Under Partial Key Exposure
Authors: Dachman-Soled Dana , Gong Huijing , Kulkarni Mukul , Shahverdi Aria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We initiate the study of partial key exposure in Ring-LWE (RLWE)-based cryptosystems. Specifically, we (1) Introduce the search and decision Leaky R-LWE assumptions (Leaky R-SLWE, Leaky R-DLWE), to formalize the hardness of search/decision RLWE under leakage of some fraction of coordinates of the NTT transform of the RLWE secret. (2) Present and implement an efficient key exposure attack that, given certain 1/4-fraction of the coordinates of the NTT transform of the RLWE secret, along with samples from the RLWE distribution, recovers the full RLWE secret for standard parameter settings. (3) Present a search-to-decision reduction for Leaky R-LWE for certain types of key exposure. (4) Propose applications to the security analysis of RLWE-based cryptosystems under partial key exposure.
Towards a Ring Analogue of the Leftover Hash Lemma
Authors: Dachman-Soled Dana , Gong Huijing , Kulkarni Mukul , Shahverdi Aria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The leftover hash lemma (LHL) is used in the analysis of various lattice-based cryptosystems, such as the Regev and Dual-Regev encryption schemes as well as their leakage-resilient counterparts. The LHL does not hold in the ring setting, when the ring is far from a field, which is typical for efficient cryptosystems. Lyubashevsky et al. (Eurocrypt ’13) proved a “regularity lemma,” which can be used instead of the LHL, but applies only for Gaussian inputs. This is in contrast to the LHL, which applies when the input is drawn from any high min-entropy distribution. Our work presents an approach for generalizing the “regularity lemma” of Lyubashevsky et al. to certain conditional distributions. We assume the input was sampled from a discrete Gaussian distribution and consider the induced distribution, given side-channel leakage on the input. We present three instantiations of our approach, proving that the regularity lemma holds for three natural conditional distributions.
Not So Fast: A Brief Plea for Muddling Through the Problems of Autonomous Vehicle Liability
Authors: Scales Adam F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are likely to change a great deal about the practical workings of the liability system for auto accidents. However, we cannot know how just yet. Attempts to anticipate the future and preemptively redesign the liability system around its imagined contours are likely to invite error and frustration. Discretion often being the better part of valor, I suggest we muddle through a bit first.
Personalized antibiotic therapy – a rapid high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of eight antibiotics and voriconazole for patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Böhle Tony , Georgi Ulrike , Hughes Dewi Fôn , Hauser Oliver , Stamminger Gudrun , Pohlers Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
For a long time, the therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-infectives (ATDM) was recommended only to avoid the toxic side effects of overdosing. During the last decade, however, this attitude has undergone a significant change. Insufficient antibiotic therapy may promote the occurrence of drug resistance; therefore, the “one-dose-fits-all” principle can no longer be classified as up to date. Patients in intensive care units (ICU), in particular, can benefit from individualized antibiotic therapies.

Methods
Presented here is a rapid and sufficient LC-MS/MS based assay for the analysis of eight antibiotics (ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, linezolid, meropenem, and piperacillin) applicated by continuous infusion and voriconazole. In addition a dose adjustment procedure for individualized antibiotic therapy has been established.

Results
The suggested dose adjustments following the initial dosing of 121 patient samples from ICUs, were evaluated over a period of three months. Only a minor percentage of the serum levels were found to be within the target range while overdosing was often observed for β-lactam antibiotics, and linezolid tended to be often underused. The results demonstrate an appreciable potential for β-lactam savings while enabling optimal therapy.

Conclusions
The presented monitoring method provides high specificity and is very robust against various interferences. A fast and straightforward method, the developed routine ensures rapid turnaround time. Its application has been well received by participating ICUs and has led to an expanding number of hospital wards participating in ATDM.
Language and ecology of culture
Authors: Margalitadze Tinatin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In one of his articles, an outstanding Georgian linguist Thomas Gamkrelidze discusses ecological problems from the standpoint of social sciences and humanities and introduces a very important term – ecology of culture. The present paper discusses the importance of preservation of our languages and cultures and the role of lexicography and lexicographers in this process. Issues of linguistic change, influence of a foreign tongue, defilement of a language, normativity and the normalizing function of lexicography, the role of a language in the development and preservation of national identity, as well as some other questions are addressed in the paper.
Lexicography in the times of the Covid: EMLex survival kit
Authors: Domínguez Vázquez María José , López Iglesias Nerea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The following report gives a brief overview of the international summer term of the Master’s Degree Erasmus Mundus in Lexicography (EMLex), which took place in 2020 at the University of Santiago de Compostela. The COVID pandemic further awakened the imagination of the lexicographic community.
Domain restriction in child Mandarin: Implications for quantifier spreading
Authors: Ke Alan Hezao , Gao Liqun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study explores Mandarin children’s competence with quantifier domain restriction. We present results from two experiments in which adults and four- to five-year old children evaluated two possible candidates for the domain selection associated with the distributive operatordou‘all’ in Mandarin Chinese. In the first experiment, we investigated whether children and adults are capable of selecting an appropriate domain when two candidate NPs both appear insidedou’s quantification scope; i.e., both of the NPs c-commanddou. In the second experiment, still two candidate NPs were presented, but one withindou’s scope and the other outside its scope. Our results indicate that four- to five-year-old children are capable of basic distributive computation associated withdou, but they may choose an NP that adults do not usually choose as the domain ofdou, resulting in non-adult interpretations of distributive computation in certain cases. Based on the results, we propose that four- to five-year-old children are less certain about the domain restriction associated withdou-quantification. This proposal has important implications for the current debate on the acquisition of universal quantifiers, specifically, the problem of quantifier spreading. We explain children’s uncertainty about the domain restriction with a universal grammar-based statistical acquisition model.
The Practice and Principle of City Planning in Contemporary China
Authors: Yu Ziran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The goal of governments is to maintain a competitive environment, allowing prices to allocate resources and for the reduction of transaction costs. Governments aim to facilitate market operation and thus increase the rent value of various resources. City planning is a function of governments in the rapid process of urbanization; they take responsibility for land use and aim at increasing land rent. Western countries attempt to reduce negative externalities mainly by means of development controls, with the aim of maximizing the land rent. While city development in China is chiefly a product of master planning, the government leases land to the market and internalizes externalities in the form of contracts, making regulatory plans unnecessary. These differences between planning in China and foreign countries are determined by differences in the land property rights systems, stages of city development, and tax systems.
Rapunzel syndrome with cholangitis and pancreatitis – A rare case report
Authors: Vellaisamy Rajendran , Iyer Shruti , Chandramohan Servarayan Murugesan , Harikrishnan Sakthivel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rapunzel syndrome, defined by the presence of a trichobezoar extending from the stomach to the small intestine, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. It usually presents with vague symptoms; however, it can also present with complications such as perforation, peritonitis and obstructive jaundice. We report a rare case of a 37-year-old woman with Rapunzel syndrome complicated by acute cholangitis and pancreatitis and analyse the diagnosis and management of this complicated pathology. Although she reported a history of trichotillomania and trichophagia, she had been asymptomatic for ten years. We review the steps of diagnosis, highlighting the importance of a thorough clinical history and detailed examination, with supporting evidence from the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan. She was successfully managed with gastrotomy and trichobezoar removal. She had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged after psychiatric counselling. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Rapunzel syndrome in a young female presenting with both cholangitis and pancreatitis.
Artificial neural networks for inverse design of resonant nanophotonic components with oscillatory loss landscapes
Authors: Lenaerts Joeri , Pinson Hannah , Ginis Vincent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMachine learning offers the potential to revolutionize the inverse design of complex nanophotonic components. Here, we propose a novel variant of this formalism specifically suited for the design of resonant nanophotonic components. Typically, the first step of an inverse design process based on machine learning is training a neural network to approximate the non-linear mapping from a set of input parameters to a given optical system’s features. The second step starts from the desired features, e.g. a transmission spectrum, and propagates back through the trained network to find the optimal input parameters. For resonant systems, this second step corresponds to a gradient descent in a highly oscillatory loss landscape. As a result, the algorithm often converges into a local minimum. We significantly improve this method’s efficiency by adding the Fourier transform of the desired spectrum to the optimization procedure. We demonstrate our method by retrieving the optimal design parameters for desired transmission and reflection spectra of Fabry–Pérot resonators and Bragg reflectors, two canonical optical components whose functionality is based on wave interference. Our results can be extended to the optimization of more complex nanophotonic components interacting with structured incident fields.