bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fosaprepitant-associated hypersensitivity reactions at a National Cancer Center
Authors: Laird Catherine Michelle , Glode Ashley E , Schwarz Kerry , Lam Elaine T , O'Bryant Cindy L 
Published: January 2020

Introduction At our institution, an increased incidence of hypersensitivity reactions was reported following standardization of fosaprepitant as the preferred agent for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) caused by highly emetogenic therapies. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the incidence of systemic hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to fosaprepitant infusions compared to available literature. Methods This evaluation is a retrospective review of electronic health records of adult patients who received their first dose of fosaprepitant for CINV prophylaxis beginning January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017 at the University of Colorado Cancer Center outpatient infusion center. Subjects were identified using medication administration reports. Individual chart reviews were performed for all patients who received fosaprepitant during the specified timeframe and had a reaction reported on the same date. Results A total of 868 patients received fosaprepitant in the outpatient infusion center during the study time period. Four patients (0.461%) had a systemic HSR attributed to fosaprepitant. Two of the reactions were reported as HSRs in the adverse reaction reporting system and two were found in provider notes during chart review. Due to the small sample size, risk factors for HSRs to fosaprepitant were not able to be determined. Conclusion The incidence of HSRs to fosaprepitant at our institution was found to be consistent with the <1% incidence currently noted in literature. Based on these findings, opportunities have been identified for education on fosaprepitant-associated HSRs, proper documentation and patient-specific precautions.
The predictive role of metabolic tumor volume on no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Arici Serdar , Karyagar Sevda S , Karyagar Savas , Geredeli Caglayan , Cekin Ruhper , Seçmeler Şaban , Atci Muhammed M , Sakin Abdullah , Cihan Şener 
Published: January 2020

Introduction To evaluate the predictive significance of pretreatment metabolic tumor volume on pathologic response in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods Seventy patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2013 and 2017 years were enrolled in the study. Pathologic responses and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography metabolic dates of patients were obtained from archive files. Results Forty-six (65.7%) patients were in stage II and 24 (34.3%) patients were in stage III; 25 (35.7%) patients were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive, 46 (65.7%) patients were estrogen receptor-positive, 26 (37.1%) patients were progesterone receptor-positive. According to the Miller-Payne grading system, 24 (34.3%) patients constituted 100% pathological response; patients with 91–99% pathological response were 12 (17.1%), the number of patients with non-pathologic response was 6 (8.6%). Median metabolic tumor volume was 7.3 cm3 (7.1 ± 3.5), 8.8 (11.4 ± 9.4), 7.7 (8.3 ± 4.6) and 22 cm3 (19.8 ± 11.0) in patients with stages IIA, IIB, IIIA, and IIIB, respectively ( p = 0.032). In Miller-Payne grading, the median metabolic tumor volume value was higher in patients with no pathologic response group than 100% response group ( p = 0.003). The cut-off metabolic tumor volume value determining no pathologic response was calculated as higher than 13.62 cm3 (sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 82.8%). Conclusions Our study results suggest that higher pretreatment metabolic tumor volume values are predictive on no pathologic response in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Vision-related and health-related quality of life in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Ní Mhéalóid Áine , Conway Richard , O’Neill Lorraine , Clyne Barbara , Molloy Eamonn , Murphy Conor C 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To establish if there is a difference in health-related quality of life and vision-related quality of life in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of giant cell arteritis compared with those with clinical features suspicious for the disease at initial presentation but in whom giant cell arteritis is ultimately excluded. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 116 patients who presented to two tertiary referral hospitals in Ireland with symptoms suspicious for giant cell arteritis was performed between August 2011 and June 2017. The Vision Core Measurement 1 and Short Form-36 questionnaires were used as assessment tools. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of all 116 participants was 69.4 (9.3) years of whom 74 (63.8%) were female. In the giant cell arteritis group, 19.7% had permanent loss of vision and 54.7% had non-permanent visual disturbance. Vision Core Measurement 1 score in the giant cell arteritis group correlated with worse eye visual acuity (r = 0.4233, p = 0.0002). The Short Form-36 subscales of role physical (p = 0.0002), role emotional (p = 0.024), and the mental composite score (p = 0.012) were significantly worse in patients with giant cell arteritis. A significant correlation was found between vision-related quality of life scores and all Short Form-36 subscale scores except bodily pain (r = −0.215 to −0.399, p < 0.05 for all), and between social functioning and visual acuity in the better eye (r = −0.242, p = 0.038). Conclusion: Vision-related quality of life is an important subjective concern for both patients presenting with a suspicion of giant cell arteritis and those with a definite diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Features of giant cell arteritis impact on patients’ physical and emotional states and vision influences global quality of life in giant cell arteritis. A long-term multidisciplinary approach is warranted for clinical, physical, and psychological treatment and support.
The immune remodel: Weight loss-mediated inflammatory changes to obesity
Authors: Phillips Charles L , Grayson Bernadette E 
Published: January 2020

Obesity is an escalating world problem that contributes to the complexity and cost of treatment of metabolic disorders. Obesity is the result of increased storage of energy in the form of adipose tissue, reducing the quality of daily life, and interfering with longevity. Obesity is also a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disorder. The inflammatory processes affect many organ systems with expanded numbers of immune cells and increased cytokine production. Long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve and maintain. Lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical methods are increasingly utilized to ameliorate excess body weight and the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancers. Weight loss is also touted to reduce inflammation. Here we review the current literature on human obesity-related systemic and local changes to the immune system and circulating inflammatory mediators. Further, we consider the impact of weight loss to reduce the burden of inflammation, bearing in mind the different methods of weight loss—behavioral change vs. surgical intervention.Impact statementAs the prevalence and severity of obesity expand, the negative impact of excess adiposity affects every system of the body. Given that obesity is a subversive attack on the immune system, weight loss should improve inflammation locally and systemically. Weight management strategies like dieting, exercise, and bariatric surgery, thus have the opportunity to reduce the burden of inflammation.
Long-Term Outcomes of Right Minithoracotomy Versus Hemisternotomy for Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Percy Edward , Hirji Sameer A. , Yazdchi Farhang , McGurk Siobhan , Kiehm Spencer , Cook Richard , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Shekar Prem , Pelletier Marc P. 
Published: January 2020

Objective Minimally invasive mitral valve repair has been increasingly adopted. Right minithoracotomy (RT) and lower hemisternotomy (HS) have each been associated with improved short-term outcomes; however, these approaches have not been directly compared to each other. The aim of this study was to compare long-term survival and durability of 2 minimally invasive approaches to mitral repair. Methods We retrospectively identified all isolated mitral repairs performed via RT or HS between October 1997 and June 2018; 100 RT cases and 719 HS cases were included. Outcomes of interest were postoperative complications, long-term survival, and freedom from mitral reoperation. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare RT and HS to a reference cohort of full-sternotomy cases. Total observation time was 9,901 patient-years and mean follow-up time was 12.2 years. Results Mean age was 58±12 years in the RT group and 56±13 years in the HS group ( P = 0.2). The RT group had longer bypass (143 minutes vs. 112 minutes; P < 0.001) and cross-clamp times (99 minutes vs. 78 minutes; P < 0.001) compared with the HS group. There were no differences in operative mortality or 30-day outcomes. Survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 99% (96-100), 92% (85-100), and 69% (30-100) in the RT group and 98% (97-99), 92% (90-94), and 89% (86-92) for HS ( P < 0.9). There were no differences in risk-adjusted survival between RT, HS and full sternotomy. No long-term mitral reoperations occurred in the RT group and 8 (1%) occurred in the HS group ( P < 0.50). Conclusions Minimally invasive mitral valve repair can be performed safely through RT or HS with excellent survival and durability at 15 years.
Approach to Sexuality From Occupational Therapy in People With Acquired Brain Injury in Subacute Stage: Study Protocol
Authors: Rico Nuria , Cantero Pablo , Pereira Javier , Groba Betania , Nieto Laura , Pousada Thais 
Published: January 2020

Project title: Occupational Therapy Approach to Sexuality in People with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in Subacute Stage. Design: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Context of Study: The relevance of the occupational therapy approach to sexuality regarding people with acquired brain injury in the subacute stage. Objectives: General objective: Explore the perceptions of people with ABI, who are in a subacute situation, and their relatives and partners, about their assessment of the relevance of the approach toward sexuality during their occupational therapy intervention. Specific objectives: Describe and analyze the perspectives of users, family members, and partners about the importance of this activity and its relevance in daily life; what is included in the approach to sexuality; the differences that may arise between the perspectives of the participants according to gender; and the differences that may arise between the perspectives on the subject by age groups. Study Population and the Total Number of Participants: The study population is made up of people with ABI in the subacute stage who attend occupational therapy at the physical rehabilitation unit of a hospital in Spain, and their families and partners. The size of the sample is conditioned by the qualitative study’s design. The number of participants will be established when theoretical saturation of the data is reached. First results are now available.
Application of the 2017 McDonald criteria in a Chinese population with clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Zheng* Yang , Shen* Chun-Hong , Wang Sa , Yang Fan , Cai Meng-Ting , Fang Wei , Zhang Yin-Xi , Ding Mei-Ping 
Published: January 2020

Background: Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis have evolved over time, with the most recent being the 2017 McDonald criteria. Evidence is lacking regarding the validity of the 2017 McDonald criteria among the Asian population. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2017 McDonald criteria in Chinese patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Methods: A total of 93 patients with initial findings suggestive of CIS in a tertiary hospital in China from 2012 to 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Baseline and follow-up data were reviewed. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy), was assessed and survival analysis was performed for the 2017 and 2010 McDonald criteria respectively. Results: Among the 93 Chinese patients with CIS, 57 were female (61.3%) and the median (interquartile range) age of onset was 37 (31.3–41.8) years. The 2017 McDonald criteria displayed a higher sensitivity (75.0% versus 14.6%, p < 0.0001), lower specificity (47.1% versus 100.0%, p < 0.05) but an overall higher accuracy (67.7% versus 36.9%, p < 0.0001) when compared with the 2010 iteration. The novel criteria allow for a better detection of MS at baseline (40.8% versus 9.9%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The 2017 McDonald criteria had a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than the 2010 iteration. Overall it facilitated an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients with CIS.
Empathic Humanitarianism: Understanding the Motivations behind Humanitarian Work with Migrants at the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Gomez Ricardo , Newell Bryce Clayton , Vannini Sara 
Published: January 2020

Executive Summary The growing numbers of vulnerable migrants seeking shelter and refuge in the United States and Europe are finding increased racism and xenophobia as well as renewed efforts by humanitarian volunteers to offer them aid, sanctuary, and protection. This article sets forth a typology to better understand the motivations of volunteers working to help migrants in need of humanitarian assistance. Why do people go out of their way to offer humanitarian aid to someone they do not know and, in some cases, they will never meet? What are the drivers of altruistic behavior of humanitarian volunteers in the face of rising injustice, nationalism, and xenophobia? In answer to these questions, we offer a typology centered on empathic concern, differentiating secular/faith-based motivations, and deontological/moral-virtue motivations, with particular behaviors in each of the four resulting categories: the Missionary Type, the Good Samaritan Type, the Do Gooder Type, and the Activist Type. We also suggest four additional self-centered (non-altruistic, or not-other-centered) types (Militant, Crusader, Martyr, and Humanitarian Tourist). The nuances offered by this typology can help organizations working with migrants and refugees better understand and channel the enthusiasm of their volunteers and better meet the needs of the vulnerable populations they serve. This is especially important at a time when migration is being criminalized and when humanitarian aid is deemed unpatriotic, if not outright illegal. In the face of increased nationalistic and xenophobic messages surrounding migration, we need to articulate the altruistic humanitarian motivations of volunteers in the context of migration aid. Our typology may also be used to understand altruistic behaviors in other contexts such as disaster relief, community organization and activism, international adoptions, or organ donations to strangers, among others, in which altruistic empathic concern can be an important motivation driving people to act for the well-being of distant others.
Refining prediction of major bleeding on antiplatelet treatment after transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke
Authors: Hilkens Nina A , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M , Algra Ale , Greving Jacoba P 
Published: January 2020

Introduction Bleeding is the main safety concern of treatment with antiplatelet drugs. We aimed to refine prediction of major bleeding on antiplatelet treatment after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke by assessing the added value of new predictors to the existing S2TOP-BLEED score. Patients and methods We used Cox regression analysis to study the association between candidate predictors and major bleeding among 2072 patients with a transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke included in a population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study – OXVASC). An updated model was proposed and validated in 1094 patients with a myocardial infarction included in OXVASC. Models were compared with c-statistics, calibration plots, and net reclassification improvement. Results Independent predictors for major bleeding on top of S2TOP-BLEED variables were peptic ulcer (hazard ratio (HR): 1.72; 1.04–2.86), cancer (HR: 2.40; 1.57–3.68), anaemia (HR: 1.55; 0.99–2.44) and renal failure (HR: 2.20; 1.57–4.28). Addition of those variables improved discrimination from 0.69 (0.64–0.73) to 0.73 (0.69–0.78) in the TIA/stroke cohort (p = 0.01). Performance improved particularly for upper gastro-intestinal bleeds (0.70; 0.64–0.75 to 0.77; 0.72–0.82). Net reclassification improved over the entire range of the score (net reclassification improvement: 0.56; 0.36–0.76). In the validation cohort, discriminatory performance improved from 0.68 (0.62–0.74) to 0.70 (0.64–0.76). Discussion and Conclusion Peptic ulcer, cancer, anaemia and renal failure improve predictive performance of the S2TOP-BLEED score for major bleeding after stroke. Future external validation studies will be required to confirm the value of the STOP-BLEED+ score in transient ischaemic attack/stroke patients.
Direct Synthesis of Graphene Dendrites on SiO2/Si Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Li Yingxian , Li Zhenhua , Li Qingbo , Tian Meng , Li Chunhui , Sun Li , Wang Jihua , Zhao Xian , Xu Shicai , Yu Fapeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe long-standing interest in graphene has recently brought graphene-derived materials including graphene hydrogel, graphene fiber and graphene paper into sharp focus. These graphene-derived materials show outstanding properties in mechanics and physics. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the novel synthesis of graphene dendrites on SiO2/Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The tree-like graphene dendrites with well-controlled morphology can be directly grown on both the Si and the SiO2 surfaces of the substrates by using methane and hydrogen as precursors. The graphene dendrites on SiO2/Si substrates can be directly used in the fabrication of the electronic device. The conductivity and the Hall mobility of graphene dendrites are ~ 286 Scm−1 and ~ 574 cm2(Vs)−1, respectively. Young’s modulus of graphene dendrites is up to 2.26 GPa. The developed method avoids the need for a metal substrate and is scalable and compatible with the existing semiconductor technology, making graphene dendrites be very promising in nanoelectronic applications.
Comparison of multiple algorithms to reliably detect structural variants in pears
Authors: Liu Yueyuan , Zhang Mingyue , Sun Jieying , Chang Wenjing , Sun Manyi , Zhang Shaoling , Wu Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Structural variations (SVs) have been reported to play an important role in genetic diversity and trait regulation. Many computer algorithms detecting SVs have recently been developed, but the use of multiple algorithms to detect high-confidence SVs has not been studied. The most suitable sequencing depth for detecting SVs in pear is also not known.

Results
In this study, a pipeline to detect SVs using next-generation and long-read sequencing data was constructed. The performances of seven types of SV detection software using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data and two types of software using long-read sequencing data (SVIM and Sniffles), which are based on different algorithms, were compared. Of the nine software packages evaluated, SVIM identified the most SVs, and Sniffles detected SVs with the highest accuracy (> 90%). When the results from multiple SV detection tools were combined, the SVs identified by both MetaSV and IMR/DENOM, which use NGS data, were more accurate than those identified by both SVIM and Sniffles, with mean accuracies of 98.7 and 96.5%, respectively. The software packages using long-read sequencing data required fewer CPU cores and less memory and ran faster than those using NGS data. In addition, according to the performances of assembly-based algorithms using NGS data, we found that a sequencing depth of 50× is appropriate for detecting SVs in the pear genome.

Conclusion
This study provides strong evidence that more than one SV detection software package, each based on a different algorithm, should be used to detect SVs with higher confidence, and that long-read sequencing data are better than NGS data for SV detection. The SV detection pipeline that we have established will facilitate the study of diversity in other crops.
Interaction of camel Lactoferrin derived peptides with DNA: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Pirkhezranian Zana , Tahmoorespur Mojtaba , Daura Xavier , Monhemi Hassan , Sekhavati Mohammad Hadi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Lactoferrampin (LFampin), Lactoferricin (LFcin), and LFchimera are three well-known antimicrobial peptides derived from Lactoferrin and proposed as alternatives for antibiotics. Although the intracellular activity of these peptides has been previously demonstrated, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. Here, we performed a molecular dynamics simulation study to understand the molecular interactions between camel Lactoferrin derived peptides, including CLFampin, CLFcin, and CLFchimera, and DNA as an important intracellular target.

Results
Our results indicate that all three peptides bind to DNA, albeit with different propensities, with CLFchimera showing the highest binding affinity. The secondary structures of the peptides, modeled on Lactoferrin, did not undergo significant changes during simulation, supporting their functional relevance. Main residues involved in the peptide-DNA interaction were identified based on binding free energy estimates calculated over 200 ns, which, as expected, confirmed strong electrostatic interactions between DNA phosphate groups and positively charged peptide side chains. Interaction between the different concentrations of CLFchimera and DNA revealed that after binding of four copies of CLFchimera to DNA, hydrogen bonds between the two strands of DNA start to break from one of the termini.

Conclusions
Importantly, our results revealed that there is no DNA-sequence preference for peptide binding, in line with a broad antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the results showed that the strength of the interaction between DNA and CLFchimera is concentration dependent. The insight provided by these results can be used for the rational redesign of natural antimicrobial peptides targeting the bacterial DNA.