bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water–energy nexus for estuarine systems with seasonal salinity variations: a thermodynamic feasibility analysis of reverse osmosis (RO)–pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) combinations
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit , Roy Anirban 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The underlying philosophy of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)–reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid technology is the assumption of the availability of ‘fresh’ water for the purpose, which gets severely affected once the fresh-water streams undergo seasonal salinity variations. In the present article, the authors have tried to understand the overall feasibility of PRO-RO combination in such estuarine systems with appreciable variation of seasonal salinity. The article first discusses the feasibility of pretreating the feed of PRO using RO and later understanding the feasibility of PRO as supplemental technology to existing RO units. It was found that pretreating the PRO feed in such estuarine systems was energetically infeasible. However, PRO as supporting technology was found to produce energy of around 0.0994 kWh for 50% recovery. It was also concluded that with a fraction of RO permeate used for PRO, energy savings increase for estuarine systems with seasonal salinity variations.
Statistical Analysis of Environmental Pollution Impact on Population Morbidity in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Korotkov P. A. , Trubyanov A. B. , Avdeeva A. A. , Gismieva A. I. 
Published: July 2020

The article considers an econometric approach to the analysis of relation between the population morbidity rate depending on ecology and the environmental pollution index. Panel data are used in this approach.The purpose is to find quantitative relations between the state of the environment and public health under the differentiated man-caused load threatening public health in the Republic of Mari El. Materials and methods. The research methods are based on the approaches to correlation and regression analysis of the panel data. In order to identify the environmental pollution index statistically related to the morbidity rate, Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated. Then the regression models for the panel data were developed: a fixed-effect model and a random-effect model. The sources of the panel data are the following: Regional Statistics Office in the Mari El Republic (Maristat), Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Mari El Republic (Rospotrebnadzor) and Ministry of Healthcare of the Mari El Republic. The data include six air and water pollution indexes and seven priority indicators of the population morbidity rate in 15 municipal districts of the Mari El Republic in the period of 2009–2017.Results. The analysis of the Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients helped to identify environmental pollution indexes closely related to the population morbidity rate. These indicators were used as input data of the panel regression model. Three statistically significant panel regression models were identified. They describe the impact of pollution of drinking water from the distributed network on bronchial asthma morbidity among 0–14-aged children diagnosed for the first time in their life; and the impact of emission into the atmosphere of pollutants from the point emission sources on gastritis and duodenitis morbidity among 15–17 aged teenagers diagnosed for the first time in their life.Conclusion. The identified models have biological plausibility. The ethiopathogenetic analysis confirms the possibility of existence of the identified relations. The statistically significant relations between environmental pollution and public health do not prove existence of cause-and-effect links between them. It is statistical demonstration of the hypothesis of their possible existence. This demonstration is an essential work stage to make the hypothesis a hard fact. In the future, it is proposed to use additional, more objective and integral evaluation of environmental quality, for example, the fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral features of biological objects.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Polluted Wild Fish
Authors: Baothman Othman A. , Alshamrani Yonus A. , Al-Talhi Hasan A. 
Published: July 2020

Background:Antibiotic resistance is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. In marine animals, pollution is associated with the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-expressing bacteria, resulting in antibiotic resistance. However, the prevalence of these bacteria in wild fish has not been reported.Objective:Accordingly, in this study, we explored the influence of pollution oxidative stress on the incidence of ESBL-expressingEnterobacteriaceaein the gut of wild fish species from the Red Sea coastal region of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, we evaluated the incidence of varied ESBL genes contributing to the ESBL+ phenotype.Methods:Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using cephalosporins and carbapenems against ESBL- and carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE)-producing bacteria. Frequent genes contributing to the ESBL+ phenotype were analyzed. Primers targeting ESBLs (e.g.,blaCTX,blaSHV,blaTEM, andblaOXA) were used in polymerase chain reaction assays to detect the ESBL+ phenotype.Results:Screening results from the polluted site revealed ESBL-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeB8 and CRE-resistantMorganella morganiiA4. The evolution of theblaCTX-M gene inM. morganiiwas a consequence of aquatic pollution. The other isolatesAcinetobacter pittiiandProvidencia rettgeriwere found in the clean reference site. The isolateM. morganiishowed resistance to most mutual antibiotics and expressed some β-lactamase genes.Conclusion:Our findings provide useful data for selecting marine molecular genomic biomarkers caused by aquatic pollution.
Guidance and Counselling Programme and Overall Adjustment of Teenage Mothers: Evidence from Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Opondo Chirstian M. , Jairo O. Aloka Peter 
Published: July 2020

Background:
School adjustment is multifaceted that involves an array of demands varying in kind and degree which requires a variety of coping responses. Several teen mothers have been re-admitted to secondary schools in Kenya.

Objective:
The present study investigated the Guidance and Counselling Programme and Adjustment of Teenage Mothers in Secondary Schools in Kenya.

Methods:
The study adopted ex post facto’s Causal-comparative research design. The target population of the study was 242 re-admitted teenage mothers from selected schools in Ugenya Sub County, Kenya. The sample size comprised of 138 re-admitted teenage mothers who underwent the counselling programme and 104 re-admitted teenage mothers who were integrated back to the school without going through the counselling programme. Academic adjustment Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Emotional Adjustment Questionnaire, Psychological Adjustment Questionnaire, Attitude towards Guidance and Counselling Questionnaire were used to collect data. The questionnaires had a good internal consistency of minimum α = 0.78. The data were analysed by both descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, standard deviation and percentages, and inferential statistics such as multiple regression techniques.

Results:
The results of the study revealed that student mothers registered the highest rating in social adjustment and they recorded the least rating in academic adjustment. However, the findings of the study revealed that students who had gone through formal counselling generally registered higher adjustments than those who did not pass through formal counseling. The teenage mothers’ attitude had a mediating effect on the relationship between guidance and counselling program and the overall adjustment of teenage mothers.

Conclusion:
School principals should provide comprehensive guidance and counselling programs to ensure the holistic adjustment of teenage mothers in schools.
Fractional Carbon-Dioxide Laser Plus Topical Clotrimazole versus Oral Itraconazole plus Topical Clotrimazole for Onychomycosis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: V. Chau Tro , Mai Long P. , Nguyen Hao T. , Nay Suong M. , Nguyen Huyen T.N. , Nguyen Thang T. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Treating onychomycosis is problematic for a variety of reasons. The very nature of the hard, protective nail plate itself makes it difficult for topical drugs to reach the fungal pathogens beneath it. Oral therapy is more effective than topical therapy, but it is expensive, requires monitoring for toxicity, and can result in multiple drug interactions.

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical clotrimazole to oral itraconazole plus topical clotrimazole in the treatment of onychomycosis.

Methods:
A sample of 88 adults (between the ages of 18 and 78) was randomly divided into two groups. 45 patients received fractional CO2 laser therapy at an interval of 2 weeks and twice-daily application of clotrimazole 1% cream. 43 patients were treated by pulsed itraconazole (200 mg twice daily, 1 week on, 3 weeks off) and twice-daily application of clotrimazole 1% cream. The duration of the treatment was 3 months for fingernails and 4 months for toenails in both groups. The clinical effect was measured using the Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis (SCIO index), KOH examination for the affected nails were performed, and liver function tests in the two groups were analyzed.

Results:
73% of patients treated with fractional ablative CO2 laser achieved a negative KOH examination compared with 79% of the itraconazole group (P>0.05). The SCIO reduction in the laser group was superior to that in the itraconazole group (P<0.001). Notably, a biochemical abnormality was not documented in patients who received laser treatment. In contrast, liver transaminases elevations without clinical symptoms were documented in two patients at the end of itraconazole therapy.

Conclusion:
Fractional CO2 laser plus a topical antifungal drug might be more clinically effective in the treatment of onychomycosis than itraconazole, without any adverse reactions. It could be an alternative for clinicians in onychomycosis cases in which oral antifungal agents are contraindicated.
Outsiders in Nursing - Voices of Black African Born Nurses & Students in the US: An Integrative Review
Authors: Iheduru-Anderson Kechi , Akanegbu Christiana , Inungu Jeff 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the experience of being outsiders in nursing as described by Black African Born Nurses and Student Nurses (BABN&SN) in the U.S., give voice to their experiences in U.S. academia and healthcare settings, discuss the implications of the BABN&SN othering on the U.S. healthcare systems, and offer recommendations to address the issues based on the literature.Methods:An integrative review approach discussed by Whittemore and Knafl was utilized to review literature from nursing journal published from 2008 to 2019.Results:Major findings include collegial/peer isolation and loneliness; racism and discrimination, unwelcoming environment, silencing of voices, personal resilience, and sense of belonging. The results of this review indicate that BABN&SN experience in U.S. nursing contribute to harrowing periods of feeling like ‘an outsider.’Conclusions:BABN&SN are integral part of the U.S. nursing workforce and the healthcare system. Academic and work environments that support all nurses and students, despite their perceived differences, are essential to promoting an inclusive environment. Understanding the relational pattern that guides the BABN&SN socialization into nursing is vital to developing targeted support especially when entering the clinical practice environment.
Challenges and Barriers of Building Information Modeling Adoption in the Saudi Arabian Construction Industry
Authors: Al-Hammadi Mohammed A. , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The Building Information Modeling (BIM) revolution can provide a solution for problems in the Saudi Arabian construction industry and improve its outcomes. Though this technology is increasingly and rapidly adopted in advanced countries, developing countries such as Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC) are still in the early stages of BIM adoption.

Objective:
This study investigates the current state of BIM technology adoption by exploring and analyzing the critical challenges and barriers to BIM technology utilization in the construction sectors.

Methods:
The quantitative approach is adopted via a survey questionnaire distributed to participants in the field of construction projects in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. A total of 228 questionnaires are collected and analyzed using the statistical packaging for social science software.

Results:
Findings show that several significant barriers negatively affect the utilization of BIM. The major barriers to BIM adoption are related to the lack of demand, lack of experts, and poor awareness of BIM benefits, which have relative importance indexes of (RII = 89.910), (RII = 88.475), and (RII = 87.130), respectively. Meanwhile, unspecified data responsibilities, difficulty of learning BIM, lack of data sharing, and sufficient current technology constitute the lowest-ranking barriers with their relative importance indexes of (RII = 71.704), (RII = 70.807), (RII = 66.413), and (RII = 65.874), respectively.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study are highly significant and can become more helpful and interesting if further research can measure the methodologies to implement BIM technology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Is Distribution a Problem in Iron-Folic Acid Consumption in India? An Exploration of District Level Household Survey
Authors: Halli Shiva S. , Biradar Rajeshwari A. 
Published: July 2020

Aims:
Anemia accounts for 40% of maternal deaths in India. In order to address this problem, the Government of India implemented the largest programme with the greatest potential to reduce maternal mortality by free distribution of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplementations especially during Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. But the major concern among the policymakers and researchers has been poor adherence to the supplement among pregnant women. However, we tend to think that given the severity of the problem, there is no investigation on the adherence issue. Hence, the aim of the paper is to understand whether IFA consumption by pregnant women in India is largely a distribution problem of IFA supplements through ANC.

Background:
The distribution of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is not working especially through Antenatal Care (ANC) attendance. The program implementers believe that it is because of lack of adherence to IFA supplements by pregnant women. It is important to investigate the problem before any policy changes are made without proper evidence.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to examine whether the problem of IFA consumption by pregnant women is due to the problem of public distribution of IFA supplements through ANC attendance.

Methods:
This study had used the fourth round of District Level Household Survey data, which collects information on IFA supplements, their distribution and consumption. Bivariate and tri-variate analyses were used to understand the relationship between IFA distribution to pregnant women and their consumption patterns in 19 Indian states and two Union Territories (UTs) of pregnant women (88,487) and between the age of 15-49 years.

Results:
In almost all the states except Chhattisgarh, more than 75% of the pregnant women consumed 100 or more IFA supplements when they received 100 or more IFA supplements from providers. Similar is the case even among those women who received 100 or more IFA supplements through 1 or 2 ANC attendance except Arunachal Pradesh (60%), Meghalaya (67%), Pondicherry (57%) and Andaman and Nicobar (0%). The consumption of IFA supplements among pregnant women gets better than 75% if they receive 100 or more supplements only after attending three or more ANCs.

Conclusion:
It seems that distribution is a problem in the consumption of IFA supplements by pregnant women in India. Full antenatal attendance by the women could be part of the problem but not supplying at least 100 IFA supplementations to even those who attend ANC due to stock-outs and ineffective management is a serious concern. Hence, Governments should distribute at least the recommended 100 IFA supplements to the women in their 1st ANC attendance to address anaemia.
PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTANSI SEBAGAI MEDIA PENANAMAN KARAKTER ANTI KORUPSI
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Bagaimana persiapan pembelajaran akuntasi sebagai media penanaman karakter akti korupsi; (2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran akuntansi; (3) Bagimana penilaian pembelajaran akuntansi ; (4) Bagaimana kualitas pembelajaran akuantansi sebagai media penanaman karakter anti korupsi; (5) Nilai – nilai karakter yang muncul dalam pembelajaran Akuntansi di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jenis Penelitian dikategorikan pada jenis diskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah Guru Akuntansi berjumlah 279, dengan populasi penelitian 165 guru yang diambil dengan proporsional purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket/kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Teknis analaisis data yang digunakan dengan Analisis diskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Persiapan Pembelajaran Akuntansi pada kategori sangat baik sebagai media penanaman karakter anti korupsi; (2) Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Akuntansi pada kategori sangat baik sebagai media penanaman karakter anti korupsi; (3) Penilaian Pembelajaran Akuntansi pada kategori sangat baik sebagai media penanaman karakter anti korupsi; (4) Kualitas Pembelajaran Akuntansi pada kategori baik sebagai media penanaman karakter anti korupsi ; (5) Nilai-nilai karakter anti korupsi yanag muncul dalam pembelajaran : Kejujuran, kemandirian, keberanian, Kerjakeras dan Disiplin seluruhnya pada kategori Baik. Kata Kunci : Karakter, Anti Korupsi, Akuntansi
PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI FORENSIK DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR
Authors: Yudhiyati Ratna 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini menganalisis secara sistematis artikel dan penelitian yang sudah ada tentang pendidikan akuntansi forensik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga hendak mengidentifikasi tren penelitian di bidang pendidikan akuntansi forensik untuk mengetahui peluang atau gap topik yang belum dibahas terkait dengan topik ini. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur yang menggunakan metode narrative review dan descriptive review. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua pihak sepakat bahwa akan ada kenaikan permintaan akuntansi forensik yang mendorong mulai diajarkannya akuntansi forensik di bangku perguruan tinggi. Sayangnya, terdapat perbedaan pendapat tentang bagaimana pengajaran akuntansi forensik tersebut. Pelajar dan akademisi mendukung topik akuntansi forensik dileburkan pada mata kuliah lain, sedangkan praktisi lebih menginginkan mata kuliah yang terpisah. Penelitian lain merumuskan bahwa keahlian dan karakter yang perlu dibangun pada diri akuntan forensik di Indonesia dapat dibagi menjadi tiga atribut, yakni mentalitas, keahlian investigasi, dan pengalaman dalam menghadapi berbagai jenis kasus.Kata kunci: kajian literatur, pendidikan akuntansi forensik, atribut akuntan forensik
Antivaccine Messages on Facebook: Preliminary Audit
Authors: Dhaliwal Dhamanpreet , Mannion Cynthia 
Published: July 2020

Background
The World Health Organization lists vaccine hesitancy as one of 10 threats to global health. The antivaccine movement uses Facebook to promote messages on the alleged dangers and consequences of vaccinating, leading to a reluctance to immunize against preventable communicable diseases.

Objective
We would like to know more about the messages these websites are sharing via social media that can influence readers and consumers. What messages is the public receiving on Facebook about immunization? What content (news articles, testimonials, videos, scientific studies) is being promoted?

Methods
We proposed using a social media audit tool and 3 categorical lists to capture information on websites and posts, respectively. The keywords “vaccine,” “vaccine truth,” and “anti-vax” were entered in the Facebook search bar. A Facebook page was examined if it had between 2500 and 150,000 likes. Data about beliefs, calls to action, and testimonials were recorded from posts and listed under the categories Myths, Truths, and Consequences. Website data were entered in a social media audit template.

Results
Users’ posts reflected fear and vaccine hesitancy resulting from the alleged dangers of immunization featured on the website links. Vaccines were blamed for afflictions such as autism, cancer, and infertility. Mothers shared testimonies on alleged consequences their children suffered due to immunization, which have influenced other parents to not vaccinate their children. Users denied the current measles outbreaks in the United States to be true, retaliating against the government in protests for fabricating news.

Conclusions
Some Facebook messages encourage prevailing myths about the safety and consequences of vaccines and likely contribute to parents’ vaccine hesitancy. Deeply concerning is the mistrust social media has the potential to cast upon the relationship between health care providers and the public. A grasp of common misconceptions can help support health care provider practice.
Prediction of the Transition From Subexponential to the Exponential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Chennai, India: Epidemic Nowcasting
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kamalanand , Ambikapathy Bakiya , Kumar Ashwani , Britto Lourduraj De 
Published: July 2020

Background
Several countries adopted lockdown to slowdown the exponential transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Disease transmission models and the epidemic forecasts at the national level steer the policy to implement appropriate intervention strategies and budgeting. However, it is critical to design a data-driven reliable model for nowcasting for smaller populations, in particular metro cities.

Objective
The aim of this study is to analyze the transition of the epidemic from subexponential to exponential transmission in the Chennai metro zone and to analyze the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary infections while availing the public transport systems in the city.

Methods
A single geographical zone “Chennai-Metro-Merge” was constructed by combining Chennai District with three bordering districts. Subexponential and exponential models were developed to analyze and predict the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. Probabilistic models were applied to assess the probability of secondary infections while availing public transport after the release of the lockdown.

Results
The model predicted that transition from subexponential to exponential transmission occurs around the eighth week after the reporting of a cluster of cases. The probability of secondary infections with a single index case in an enclosure of the city bus, the suburban train general coach, and the ladies coach was found to be 0.192, 0.074, and 0.114, respectively.

Conclusions
Nowcasting at the early stage of the epidemic predicts the probable time point of the exponential transmission and alerts the public health system. After the lockdown release, public transportation will be the major source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in metro cities, and appropriate strategies based on nowcasting are needed.