bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dimensional Bayesian optimization using low-dimensional feature spaces
Authors: Moriconi Riccardo , Deisenroth Marc Peter , Sesh Kumar K. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful approach for seeking the global optimum of expensive black-box functions and has proven successful for fine tuning hyper-parameters of machine learning models. However, BO is practically limited to optimizing 10–20 parameters. To scale BO to high dimensions, we usually make structural assumptions on the decomposition of the objective and/or exploit the intrinsic lower dimensionality of the problem, e.g. by using linear projections. We could achieve a higher compression rate with nonlinear projections, but learning these nonlinear embeddings typically requires much data. This contradicts the BO objective of a relatively small evaluation budget. To address this challenge, we propose to learn a low-dimensional feature space jointly with (a) the response surface and (b) a reconstruction mapping. Our approach allows for optimization of BO’s acquisition function in the lower-dimensional subspace, which significantly simplifies the optimization problem. We reconstruct the original parameter space from the lower-dimensional subspace for evaluating the black-box function. For meaningful exploration, we solve a constrained optimization problem.
Green method of stemming the tide of invasive marine and freshwater organisms by natural filtration of shipping ballast water
Authors: Kumar Jebarathnam Prince Prakash Jeba , Ragumaran Shunmugavel , Nandagopal Ganesan , Ravichandran Vijaya , Mallavarapu Ramana Murthy , Missimer Thomas M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarine and freshwater pollution caused by transport of invasive species in shipping ballast water is a major global problem and will increase in magnitude as shipping of commodities increases in the future. An economical method to preclude biological organisms in the seawater used for ballast is to exclude them at the source port. Integrated natural filtration using onshore wells or seabed gallery systems has been thoroughly investigated for use as pretreatment for seawater desalination systems and has proven to be environmentally acceptable and economic. Thus, the use of this proven filtration technology to another issue, ballast water treatment, is an innovative method of providing marine organism free seawater by non-destructive means in port-based facilities. This method is ecosystem-friendly in that no chemicals or destructive processes are used. Design and construction of well or seabed gallery intake systems for production of ballast seawater are feasible in virtually all global port facilities.
Modal Dispositionalism and the (T) Axiom
Authors: Collier Matthew James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYates has recently argued that modal dispositionalism invalidates the (T) axiom. Both Yates and Allen have advanced responses to the objection: Yates’s response proposes installing truth into the possibility biconditional, and Allen’s response requires that all properties be construed as being essentially dispositional. I argue that supporters of Borghini and Williams’s modal dispositionalist theory cannot accept these responses, given critical tenets of their theory. But, since these responses to the objection are the most plausible in the literature, I conclude that the threat that Borghini and Williams’s modal dispositionalist theory invalidates the (T) axiom still looms large.
Force quantification and simulation of pedicle screw tract palpation using direct visuo-haptic volume rendering
Authors: Zoller Esther I. , Faludi Balázs , Gerig Nicolas , Jost Gregory F. , Cattin Philippe C. , Rauter Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeWe present a feasibility study for the visuo-haptic simulation of pedicle screw tract palpation in virtual reality, using an approach that requires no manual processing or segmentation of the volumetric medical data set.MethodsIn a first experiment, we quantified the forces and torques present during the palpation of a pedicle screw tract in a real boar vertebra. We equipped a ball-tipped pedicle probe with a 6-axis force/torque sensor and a motion capture marker cluster. We simultaneously recorded the pose of the probe relative to the vertebra and measured the generated forces and torques during palpation. This allowed us replaying the recorded palpation movements in our simulator and to fine-tune the haptic rendering to approximate the measured forces and torques. In a second experiment, we asked two neurosurgeons to palpate a virtual version of the same vertebra in our simulator, while we logged the forces and torques sent to the haptic device.ResultsIn the experiments with the real vertebra, the maximum measured force along the longitudinal axis of the probe was 7.78 N and the maximum measured bending torque was 0.13 Nm. In an offline simulation of the motion of the pedicle probe recorded during the palpation of a real pedicle screw tract, our approach generated forces and torques that were similar in magnitude and progression to the measured ones. When surgeons tested our simulator, the distributions of the computed forces and torques were similar to the measured ones; however, higher forces and torques occurred more frequently.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the suitability of direct visual and haptic volume rendering to simulate a specific surgical procedure. Our approach of fine-tuning the simulation by measuring the forces and torques that are prevalent while palpating a real vertebra produced promising results.
Wood forming tissue-specific expression of PdSuSy and HCHL increases holocellulose content and improves saccharification in Populus
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xu Hua , Kong Yingzhen , Hua Jiawen , Tang Xianfeng , Zhuang Yamei , Bai Yue , Zhou Gongke , Chai Guohua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of strategies to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass in tree species is essential for biofuels and biomaterials production. We applied a wood forming tissue-specific system in a hybrid poplar to express both PdSuSy (a sucrose synthase gene from Populus deltoides × P. euramericana that has not been functionally characterized) and HCHL (the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens, which inhibits lignin polymerization in Arabidopsis). The PdSuSy-HCHL overexpression poplars correspondingly driven by the promoters of Arabidopsis AtCesA7 and AtC4H resulted in a significant increase in cellulose (> 8%), xylan (> 12%) and glucose (> 29%) content, accompanying a reduction in galacturonic acid (> 36%) content, compared to control plants. The saccharification efficiency of these overexpression poplars was dramatically increased by up to 27%, but total lignin content was unaffected. These transgenic poplars showed inhibited growth characteristics, including > 16% reduced plant height, > 10% reduced number of internodes, and > 18% reduced fresh weight after growth of 4 months, possibly due to relatively low expression of HCHL in secondary xylem. Our results demonstrate the structural complexity and interaction of the cell wall polymers in wood tissue and outline a potential method to increase biomass saccharification in woody species.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Industrial bio-based plant aggregates as hygric and insulating construction materials for energy efficient building
Authors: Jiang Yunhong , Lawrence Mike , Zhang Meng , Cui Jiandong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe authors have retracted this article because it overlaps with a previously published article [1]. All authors agree to this retraction. The online version of this article contains the full text of the retracted article as electronic supplementary material.
Imaging for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Prediction of Large Vessel Vasculitides
Authors: Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Jin Lei , Schmidt Wolfgang Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss and summarize the latest evidence on imaging techniques in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). This is a report on the performance of ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG-PET), and other emerging imaging techniques in diagnosis, outcome prediction, and monitoring of disease activity.

Recent Findings
Imaging techniques have gained an important role for diagnosis of large vessel vasculitides (LVV). As signs of vasculitis, US, MRI, and CT show a homogeneous arterial wall thickening, which is mostly concentric. PET displays increased FDG uptake in inflamed artery walls. US is recommended as the initial imaging modality in GCA. MRI and PET/CT may also detect vasculitis of temporal arteries. For TAK, MRI is recommended as the first imaging modality as it provides a good overview without radiation. Extracranial LVV can be confirmed by all four modalities. In addition, MRI and PET/CT provide consistent examination of the aorta and its branches. New techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, PET/MRI, and auxiliary methods such as “computer-assisted quantitative analysis” have emerged and need to be further validated.

Summary
Imaging has partly replaced histology for confirming LVV. Provided experience and adequate training, US, MRI, CT, or PET provide excellent diagnostic accuracy. Imaging results need to complement history and clinical examination. Ongoing studies are evaluating the role of imaging for monitoring and outcome measurement.
Evaluation Challenges in the Validation of B7-H3 as Oral Tongue Cancer Prognosticator
Authors: Sieviläinen Meri , Wirsing Anna Maria , Hyytiäinen Aini , Almahmoudi Rabeia , Rodrigues Priscila , Bjerkli Inger-Heidi , Åström Pirjo , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Paavonen Timo , Coletta Ricardo D. , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Salo Tuula , Al-Samadi Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractB7-H3 was the only molecule identified with prognostic potential from a recent systematic review of the prognostic value of immune checkpoints in oral cancer. We aimed to validate this finding in a multicenter international cohort. We retrospectively retrieved 323 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) samples from three different countries (Brazil, Finland, and Norway) for immunostaining and scoring for B7-H3. We evaluated tumor immunogenicity by analyzing the amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and divided the tumors into immune hot and cold. To increase the reliability of the results, both digital and manual visual scoring were used. Survival curves were constructed based on the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was utilized for univariate and multivariate survival analysis. B7-H3 expression was not significantly associated with overall or disease-specific survival in the whole OTSCC cohort. When divided into immune hot and cold tumors, high B7-H3 expression was significantly associated with poor disease-specific and overall survival in the immune hot group, depending on the scoring method and the country of the cohort. This was achieved only in the univariate analysis. In conclusion, B7-H3 was a negative prognosticator for OTSCC patient survival in the subgroup of immune hot tumors, and was not validated as a prognosticator in the full cohort. Our findings suggest that the immune activity of the tumor should be considered when testing immune checkpoints as biomarkers.
Hot liquid extrusion assisted drug-cyclodextrin complexation: a novel continuous manufacturing method for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of drugs
Authors: Manne Alekhya Sri Nagini , Hegde Aswathi R , Raut Sushil Yadaorao , Rao Rajat Radhakrishna , Kulkarni Vijay Induvadan , Mutalik Srinivas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, drug-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes were prepared using hot liquid extrusion (HLE) process with an aim to improve solubility and bioavailability of carbamazepine. Saturation solubility studies of CBZ in water and different pH media showed a pH-independent solubility. Phase solubility studies of CBZ at different molar concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) indicated AL-type solubility profile with stability constants of 574 M−1 and 899 M−1 for β-CD and HP-β-CD. Drug-β-CD and drug-HP-β-CD complexes were prepared using HLE process and conventional methods (such as physical mixture, kneading method, and solvent evaporation) as well. Optimized complexes prepared using HLE viz. CBP-4 and CHP-2 showed a solubility of 4.27 ± 0.09 mg/mL and 6.39 ± 0.09 mg/mL as compared to plain CBZ (0.140 ± 0.007 mg/mL). Formation of drug-CD inclusion complexes was confirmed using DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies. Drug release studies indicated highest release of CBZ from CHP-2 (98.69 ± 2.96%) compared to CBP-4 (82.64 ± 2.45%) and plain drug (13.47 ± 0.54%). Complexes prepared using kneading showed significantly lesser drug release (KMB 75.52 ± 2.68% and KMH 85.59 ± 2.80%) as that of CHP-2 and CBP-4. Pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rats indicated a significant increase in Cmax, Tmax, AUC, and mean residence time for CHP-2 compared to KMH and plain CBZ. All these results suggest that HLE is an effective method to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
The Effect of Points Fattening on del Pezzo Surfaces
Authors: Lampa-Baczyńska Magdalena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the fattening effect of points over the complex numbers for del Pezzo surfaces $$\mathbb {S}_r$$

S
r

arising by blowing-up of $$\mathbb {P}^2$$

P

2

at r general points, with $$ r \in \{1, \dots , 8 \}$$

r
∈
{
1
,
⋯
,
8
}

. Basic questions when studying the problem of points fattening on an arbitrary variety are what is the minimal growth of the initial sequence and how are the sets on which this minimal growth happens characterized geometrically. We provide a complete answer for del Pezzo surfaces.
MRI Predictors of Cognitive Training Outcomes
Authors: Baykara Ebru , Könen Tanja , Unger Kerstin , Karbach Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prospect of improving or maintaining cognitive functioning has provoked a steadily increasing number of cognitive training interventions over the last years, especially for clinical and elderly populations. However, there are discrepancies between the findings of the studies. One of the reasons behind these heterogeneous findings is that there are vast inter-individual differences in how people benefit from the training and in the extent that training-related gains are transferred to other untrained tasks and domains. In this paper, we address the value of incorporating neural measures to cognitive training studies in order to fully understand the mechanisms leading to inter-individual differences in training gains and their generalizability to other tasks. Our perspective is that it is necessary to collect multimodal neural measures in the pre- and post-training phase, which can enable us to understand the factors contributing to successful training outcomes. More importantly, this understanding can enable us to predict who will benefit from different types of interventions, thereby allowing the development of individually tailored intervention programs.
Oxygen-deficient perovskites for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media: a review
Authors: Badreldin Ahmed , Abusrafa Aya E. , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxygen vacancies in complex metal oxides and specifically in perovskites are demonstrated to significantly enhance their electrocatalytic activities due to facilitating a degree of control in the material’s intrinsic properties. The reported enhancement in intrinsic OER activity of oxygen-deficient perovskites surfaces has inspired their fabrication via a myriad of schemes. Oxygen vacancies in perovskites are amongst the most favorable anionic or Schottky defects to be induced due to their low formation energies. This review discusses recent efforts for inducing oxygen vacancies in a multitude of perovskites, including facile and environmentally benign synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and detailed insight into the intrinsic mechanistic modulation of perovskite electrocatalysts. Experimental, analytical, and computational techniques dedicated to the understanding of the improvement of OER activities upon oxygen vacancy induction are summarized in this work. The identification and utilization of intrinsic activity descriptors for the modulation of configurational structure, improvement in bulk charge transport, and favorable inflection of the electronic structure are also discussed. It is our foresight that the approaches, challenges, and prospects discussed herein will aid researchers in rationally designing highly active and stable perovskites that can outperform noble metal-based OER electrocatalysts.
Intubation of emergency traumatic head injury patient outside the operation theatre: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Eshetie Denberu , Getinet Habtamu , Abdissa Zewditu , Mollalign Mamaru 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Immediate and effective airway management is a priority to save the victim's life. Maintaining a patent airway and ensuring adequate oxygenation is vital to protect the patient from secondary injury due to hypoxia.
This study was aimed to assess the practice of emergency traumatic brain injury patient intubation outside the operation theatre.

Methods:
This study was conducted from 1st September 2018 to February 28, 2019. All trauma patients that were admitted to the emergency department were included. The data was collected by a standardized questionnaire prepared from the recommendations of an Eastern Association for the surgery of trauma practice, by direct observation while performing the procedure and reviewing the patient's chart for any drug given and any documented procedure.

Result:
A total of 75 trauma patients intubation was observed during the study period. All of the patients were successfully intubated but the standards of maintaining hemodynamic stability, administration of vomiting prophylaxis, and application of capnograph had nil performance. Rapid sequence intubation and maintenance of cervical spine mobility were underperformed.

Conclusion:
Even though emergency intubations were successfully performed most of the standards of intubation did not meet the criteria, and it needs improvement. Regarding the findings of this audit emergency, traumatic patient intubation needs to be improved in line with the standards for a better patient outcome to avoid secondary injury.

Highlights:
Ultra-broadband near-infrared NOPAs based on the nonlinear crystals BiBO and YCOB
Authors: Galletti Mario , Pires Hugo , Hariton Victor , Alves Joana , Oliveira Pedro , Galimberti Marco , Figueira Gonçalo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe evaluate and demonstrate ultra-broadband near-infrared noncollinear optical parametric amplification in two nonlinear crystals, bismuth borate (BiBO) and yttrium calcium oxyborate (YCOB), which are not commonly used for this application. The spectral bandwidth is of the microjoule level; the amplified signal is ≥ 200 nm, capable of supporting sub-10 fs pulses. These results, supported by numerical simulations, show that these crystals have a great potential as nonlinear media in both low-energy, few-cycle systems and high peak power amplifiers for terawatt to petawatt systems based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (NOPCPA) or a hybrid.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS UNDER THE BRUSSELS I REGULATION
Authors: Hartley Trevor C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article considers recent CJEU case law on the Brussels I Regulation. Two aspects of Article 7(1) (which applies to matters relating to a contract) are considered: the first is whether the contract must be between the parties to the case; the second is whether membership of an association should be regarded as constituting implied consent to be bound by decisions of the association so that jurisdiction to enforce them may be taken under Article 7(1). The article also discusses recent case law on who counts as a ‘consumer’ in terms of Article 17.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE LIMITS OF LEGAL PERSONALITY
Authors: Chesterman Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more sophisticated and play a larger role in society, arguments that they should have some form of legal personality gain credence. The arguments are typically framed in instrumental terms, with comparisons to juridical persons such as corporations. Implicit in those arguments, or explicit in their illustrations and examples, is the idea that as AI systems approach the point of indistinguishability from humans they should be entitled to a status comparable to natural persons. This article contends that although most legal systems could create a novel category of legal persons, such arguments are insufficient to show that they should.
Trichinella spiralis:inflammation modulator
Authors: Ding Jing , Liu Xiaolei , Bai Xue , Wang Yang , Li Jian , Wang Chun , Li Shicun , Liu Mingyuan , Wang Xuelin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hygiene hypothesis posits that the decreased incidence of parasitic infection in developed countries may underlie an increased prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in these countries. As unique inflammation modulator of intracellular parasitism,Trichinella spiralis, or its excretory–secretory (ES) product, shows improved responses to allergies, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis by exerting immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells in animal models. Research has shown thatT. spiralisdiffers from other helminths in manipulation of the host immune response not only by well-known characteristics of its life cycle, but also by its inflammation modulation pathway. How the parasite achieves inflammation modulation has not been fully elucidated yet. This review will generalize the mechanism and focuses on ES immunomodulatory molecules ofT. spiralisthat may be important for developing new therapeutics for inflammatory disorders.
In vitro comparison of treatments and commercially available solutions on mortality of Angiostrongylus cantonensis third-stage larvae
Authors: Steel Argon , Jacob John , Klasner Ina , Howe Kathleen , Jacquier Steven H. , Pitt William C. , Hollingsworth Robert , Jarvi Susan I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn Hawai‘i Island, an increase in human neuroangiostrongyliasis cases has been primarily associated with the accidental ingestion of Angiostrongylus cantonensis L3 in snails or slugs, or potentially, from larvae left behind in the slug's slime or feces. We evaluated more than 40 different treatments in vitro for their ability to kill A. cantonensis larvae with the goal of identifying a safe and effective fruit and vegetable wash in order to reduce the risk of exposure. Our evaluation of treatment lethality was carried out in two phases; initially using motility as an indicator of larval survival after treatment, followed by the development and application of a propidium iodide staining assay to document larval mortality. Treatments tested included common household products, consumer vegetable washes and agricultural crop washes. We found minimal larvicidal efficacy among consumer-grade fruit and vegetable washes, nor among botanical extracts such as those from ginger or garlic, nor acid solutions such as vinegar. Alkaline solutions, on the other hand, as well as oxidizers such as bleach and chlorine dioxide, did show larvicidal potential. Surfactants, a frequent ingredient in detergents that lowers surface tension, had variable results, but dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as a 70% w/w solution in 2-propanol was very effective, both in terms of the speed and the thoroughness with which it killed A. cantonensis L3 nematodes. Thus, our results suggest promising directions for future investigation.