bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Ke , Wang Jinyu , Kang Tong , Xu Fei , Ma Aiguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control are controversial. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of results from nineteen randomised controlled trials (RCT) was performed to illustrate the effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane electronic databases for related publications from inception to 6 April 2020. Key inclusion criteria were: RCT; resistant starch as intervention substances and reporting glucose- and insulin-related endpoints. Exclusion criteria were: using type I resistant starch or a mixture of resistant starch and other functional food ingredients as intervention; using substances other than digestible starch as controls. The effect of resistant starch on fasting plasma glucose was significant (effect size (ES) –0·09 (95 % CI –0·13, −0·04) mmol/l, P = 0·001) compared with digestible starch. Subgroup analyses revealed that the ES was larger when the dosage of resistant starch was more than 28 g/d (ES –0·16 (95 % CI –0·24, –0·08) mmol/l, P < 0·001) or the intervention period was more than 8 weeks (ES –0·12 (95 % CI –0·18, –0·06) mmol/l, P < 0·001). The effect on homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was significant (ES –0·33 (95 % CI –0·51, –0·14), P = 0·001). However, the effects on other insulin-related endpoints were not significant, including fasting plasma insulin, four endpoints from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, disposition index and glucose effectiveness) and HOMA-β. The current study indicated moderate effects of resistant starch on improving glycaemic control.
How well do nursing staff assess the wellbeing of nursing home residents? An explorative study of using single-question scales
Authors: Kloos Noortje , Drossaert Constance H. C. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Westerhof Gerben J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerson-centred care requires improved documentation of nursing home resident wellbeing, e.g. by nursing staff proxy assessments. Previous studies mainly focused on proxy self-report agreement of quality of life of people with dementia, using lengthy questionnaires. This is the first study to investigate how well nursing staff assess residents’ wellbeing after training, using a single-question assessment method of happiness and engagement. We conducted a cross-sectional mixed-method study, including proxy assessments from 49 nursing staff, and self-reports from 49 nursing home residents without dementia (mean age 85). We explored agreement between colleagues, and between proxy assessments and self-reports, and potential nursing staff characteristics associated to this (age, experience, hours worked per week). Brief written motivations were evaluated on nursing staffs’ understanding of the happiness and engagement concepts. The results showed low agreement between colleagues, and low agreement between proxy assessments and self-reports. Nursing staff assessed happiness and engagement substantially higher than residents’ self-reports. Hours worked per week was related to happiness proxy assessments, but none of the included nursing staff characteristics were related to proxy self-report agreement. Nursing staff interpreted the concepts in diverse ways. Overestimating resident wellbeing when using this single-assessment method may undermine subsequent efforts to improve wellbeing. We could not identify which nursing staff could best provide wellbeing assessments. For now, proxy wellbeing assessments should always be combined with regular self-reports whenever possible.
Stent intervention for children with CHD and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Xiaofeng , Jiao Anxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCHD is closely related to respiratory system diseases (Mok Q, Front Pediatr 2017; 5: 2296–2360). Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy will diagnose anatomical lesions of the trachea and perform interventions at the same time for children with indications. We report a case of pulmonary artery sling with severe tracheostenosis in a 11-month-old boy. Tracheal stents were placed with good prognosis.
Modular Constraint Solver Cooperation via Abstract Interpretation
Authors: TALBOT PIERRE , MONFROY ÉRIC , TRUCHET CHARLOTTE 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCooperation among constraint solvers is difficult because different solving paradigms have different theoretical foundations. Recent works have shown that abstract interpretation can provide a unifying theory for various constraint solvers. In particular, it relies on abstract domains which capture constraint languages as ordered structures. The key insight of this paper is viewing cooperation schemes as abstract domains combinations. We propose a modular framework in which solvers and cooperation schemes can be seamlessly added and combined. This differs from existing approaches such as SMT where the cooperation scheme is usually fixed (e.g., Nelson-Oppen). We contribute to two new cooperation schemes: (i)interval propagators completionthat allows abstract domains to exchange bound constraints, and (ii)delayed productwhich exchanges over-approximations of constraints between two abstract domains. Moreover, the delayed product is based on delayed goal of logic programming, and it shows that abstract domains can also capture control aspects of constraint solving. Finally, to achieve modularity, we propose theshared productto combine abstract domains and cooperation schemes. Our approach has been fully implemented, and we provide various examples on the flexible job shop scheduling problem.
An Application of ASP in Nuclear Engineering: Explaining the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident Scenario
Authors: HANNA BOTROS N. , TRIEU LY LY T , SON TRAN C. , DINH NAM T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper describes an ongoing effort in developing a declarative system for supporting operators in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) control room. The focus is on two modules: diagnosis and explanation of events that happened in NPPs. We describe an Answer Set Programming (ASP) representation of an NPP, which consists of declarations of state variables, components, their connections, and rules encoding the plant behavior. We then show how the ASP program can be used to explain the series of events that occurred in the Three Mile Island, Unit 2 (TMI-2) NPP accident, the most severe accident in the USA nuclear power plant operating history. We also describe an explanation module aimed at addressing answers to questions such as “why an event occurs?” or “what should be done?” given the collected data.
A General Framework for Stable Roommates Problems using Answer Set Programming
Authors: ERDEM ESRA , FIDAN MÜGE , MANLOVE DAVID , PROSSER PATRICK 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Stable Roommates problem (SR) is characterized by the preferences of agents over other agents as roommates: each agent ranks all others in strict order of preference. A solution to SR is then a partition of the agents into pairs so that each pair shares a room, and there is no pair of agents that would block this matching (i.e., who prefers the other to their roommate in the matching). There are interesting variations of SR that are motivated by applications (e.g., the preference lists may be incomplete (SRI) and involve ties (SRTI)), and that try to find a more fair solution (e.g., Egalitarian SR). Unlike the Stable Marriage problem, every SR instance is not guaranteed to have a solution. For that reason, there are also variations of SR that try to find a good-enough solution (e.g., Almost SR). Most of these variations are NP-hard. We introduce a formal framework, called SRTI-ASP, utilizing the logic programming paradigm Answer Set Programming, that is provable and general enough to solve many of such variations of SR. Our empirical analysis shows that SRTI-ASP is also promising for applications.
ASP (): Answer Set Programming with Algebraic Constraints
Authors: EITER THOMAS , KIESEL RAFAEL 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWeighted Logic is a powerful tool for the specification of calculations over semirings that depend on qualitative information. Using a novel combination of Weighted Logic and Here-and-There (HT) Logic, in which this dependence is based on intuitionistic grounds, we introduce Answer Set Programming with Algebraic Constraints (ASP($\mathcal A \mathcal C$)), where rules may contain constraints that compare semiring values to weighted formula evaluations. Such constraints provide streamlined access to a manifold of constructs available in ASP, like aggregates, choice constraints, and arithmetic operators. They extend some of them and provide a generic framework for defining programs with algebraic computation, which can be fruitfully used e.g. for provenance semantics of datalog programs. While undecidable in general, expressive fragments of ASP($\mathcal A \mathcal C$) can be exploited for effective problem solving in a rich framework.
Flood Variability Determines the Location of Lobe‐Scale Avulsions on Deltas: Madagascar
Authors: Brooke Sam A. S. , Ganti Vamsi , Chadwick Austin J. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRiver deltas grow through repeated lobe‐scale avulsions, which often occur at a location that correlates with the backwater lengthscale. Competing hypotheses attribute the avulsion node origin to either the morphodynamic feedbacks caused by natural flood discharge variability (backwater hypothesis) or to the prograding delta lobe geometry (geometric hypothesis). Here, using theory, historical flood records, and remotely sensed elevation data, we analyzed five lobe‐scale delta avulsions in Madagascar, captured by Landsat imagery. Avulsion lengths were 5–55 km, distances significantly longer than the backwater lengthscale and inconsistent with the geometric hypothesis. We show that the steep, silt‐bedded rivers of Madagascar have flood‐induced bed scour, driven by backwater hydrodynamics, that propagates farther upstream than the backwater lengthscale. The avulsion lengths are 3.1 ± 1.5 times the predicted flood scour lengths, similar to low‐gradient deltas, and consistent with backwater hypothesis. Results demonstrate that erosion initiated by nonuniform flows in the backwater zone is a primary control on delta avulsion locations.
Source Region and Propagation of Dayside Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Zhang S. R. , Lyons L. R. , Deng Y. , Coster A. J. , Moen J. I. , Clausen L. B. , Bristow W. A. , Nishitani N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examined the source region of dayside large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) and their relation to cusp energy input. Aurora and total electron content (TEC) observations show that LSTIDs propagate equatorward away from the cusp and demonstrate the cusp region as the source region. Enhanced energy input to the cusp initiated by interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) southward turning triggers the LSTIDs, and each LSTID oscillation is correlated with a TEC enhancement in the dayside oval with tens of minutes periodicity. Equatorward‐propagating LSTIDs are likely gravity waves caused by repetitive heating in the cusp. The cusp source can explain the high LSTID occurrence on the dayside during geomagnetically active times. Poleward‐propagating ΔTEC patterns in the polar cap propagate nearly at the convection speed. While they have similar ΔTEC signatures to gravity wave‐driven LSTIDs, they are suggested to be weak polar cap patches quasiperiodically drifting from the cusp into the polar cap via dayside reconnection.
Unusual Loss of Van Allen Belt Relativistic Electrons by Extremely Low‐Frequency Chorus
Authors: Liu Si , Xie Yanqiong , Zhang Sai , Shang Xiongjun , Yang Chang , Zhou Qinghua , He Yihua , Xiao Fuliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChorus waves with the frequency usually between 0.1 and 0.8 equatorial electron gyrofrequency fce can accelerate energetic electrons to relativistic energies (several mega‐electron volts, MeV). Here, we report a unique event that both regular chorus and unusual chorus with extremely low frequency (ELF) below 0.1 fce occurred during the 22 December 2014 geomagnetic storm. Relativistic electron fluxes decreased with decreasing wave frequency and had minima exactly corresponding to the presence of ELF chorus. Performing a two‐dimensional simulation, we find that ELF chorus can result in unusual loss of relativistic electrons while regular chorus contributes to the acceleration, leading to the frequency‐modulated fluxes of such high‐energy electrons. The current results provide a new scenario that ELF chorus waves can potentially mitigate space weather by inhibiting relativistic electron flux enhancements.
Observations and Modeling of Whistler Mode Waves in the Magnetospheric Density Ducts
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. , Bengtson Miles T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results from a modeling study of localized packages of very low frequency (VLF) whistler mode waves observed by the NASA Van Allen Probes (also known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes [RBSP]) satellites in the equatorial magnetosphere. The waves are detected inside enhancements of the plasma density, which we interpret as high‐density ducts. The quality of the ducting depends on the wave and duct parameters. The goal of this study is to investigate relations between these parameters. This study is based on the analysis and simulations of the electron MHD model. The results demonstrate that (1) the high‐density ducts with the magnitudes and perpendicular sizes observed by the RBSP satellites can trap VLF waves with the observed frequency and guide them over a significant distance with little attenuation. (2) It is possible to identify the range of magnitudes of the parallel and perpendicular wavelengths using the information about frequency of the waves and parameters of the duct.
20th Century Multivariate Indian Ocean Regional Sea Level Reconstruction
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Hamlington Benjamin , Cheon Se‐Hyeon , Han Weiqing , Thompson Philip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite having some of the world's most densely populated and vulnerable coastlines, Indian Ocean sea level variability over the past century is poorly understood relative to other ocean basins primarily, due to the short and sparse observational records. In an attempt to overcome the limitations imposed by the lack of adequate observations, we have produced a 20th century Indian Ocean sea level reconstruction product using a new multivariate reconstruction technique. This technique uses sea level pressure and sea surface temperature in addition to sea level data to help constrain basin‐wide sea level variability by (1) the removal of large spurious signals caused as a result of insufficient tide gauge data specifically during the first half of the 20th century and (2) through its information on large‐scale climate modes such as El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole. Basis functions generated by Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Functions are used for the reconstruction. This new multivariate technique provides improved regional sea level variability estimates along with a longer record length in comparison to existing globally reconstructed sea level data. The biggest advantage of using this multivariate reconstruction technique lies in its ability to reconstruct Indian Ocean sea level for the first half of the 20th century, providing a long sea level record for the study of Indian Ocean internal climate variability. This will enable future studies to help improve the understanding of how sea level trends and variability can be modulated by internal climate variability in the Indian Ocean.
Mobilization and Transformation of Mercury Across a Dammed Boreal River Are Linked to Carbon Processing and Hydrology
Authors: De Bonville Jeremy , Amyot Marc , del Giorgio Paul , Tremblay Alain , Bilodeau François , Ponton Dominic E. , Lapierre Jean‐François 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReservoirs are known to accelerate the mobilization and cycling of mercury and carbon as a result of flooding of terrestrial organic matter, which can lead to environmental concerns at local and broader spatial scales. We explored the covariation of mercury (Hg) and carbon (C) functional pools in natural and recently dammed portions of the aquatic network of the Romaine River watershed in Northern Quebec, Canada, to understand how the fate of these elements varies across systems with contrasting hydrology and environmental conditions. We found that total Hg (THg) concentrations in surface waters were relatively constant along the network, whereas both the concentrations and proportions of MeHg tended to increase in reservoirs compared to surrounding nonflooded systems, and along the cascade of reservoirs. Whereas THg was related to total and terrestrial pools of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), MeHg was weakly related to DOC but strongly linked to surface concentrations of CO2, as well as to concentrations of iron and manganese. The latter are proxies of cumulative organic matter processing within the network, presumably in anoxic portions of shallow bays, deep reservoir waters, and river sediments, as well as in prior seasons (e.g., under ice). Our results suggest that these deep boreal reservoirs acted more as transformation sites for Hg that was already present than as mobilizers of new Hg, and that under ice metabolism plays a role in MeHg production in these systems as we found strong dichotomies in MeHg patterns between spring and summer.
Two-way microscale interactions between immigrant bacteria and plant leaf microbiota as revealed by live imaging
Authors: Steinberg Shifra , Grinberg Maor , Beitelman Michael , Peixoto Julianna , Orevi Tomer , Kashtan Nadav 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The phyllosphere – the aerial parts of plants – is an important microbial habitat that is home to diverse microbial communities. The spatial organization of bacterial cells on leaf surfaces is non-random, and correlates with leaf microscopic features. Yet, the role of microscale interactions between bacterial cells therein is not well understood. Here, we ask how interactions between immigrant bacteria and resident microbiota affect the spatial organization of the combined community. By means of live imaging in a simplified in vitro system, we studied the spatial organization, at the micrometer scale, of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and the plant pathogen P. syringae B728a when introduced to pear and bean leaf microbiota (the corresponding native plants of these strains). We found significant co-localization of immigrant and resident microbial cells at distances of a few micrometers, for both strains. Interestingly, this co-localization was in part due to preferential attachment of microbiota cells near newly formed P. fluorescens aggregates. Our results indicate that two-way immigrant bacteria – resident microbiota interactions affect the microscale spatial organization of leaf microbiota, and possibly that of other surface-related microbial communities.
Combining precision medicine and prophylaxis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Baxter Mark A. , Spender Lindsay C. , Petty Russell D. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA trial update confirms improved survival for prophylactic elective nodal irradiation and addition of erlotinib to definitive chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). High tumour EGFR protein expression shows promise to identify those who will benefit from erlotinib. This represents therapeutic progress, and has wider relevance for precision medicine strategies in ESCC.
Genkwadaphnin inhibits growth and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation
Authors: Wu Jie , Guo Ling , Qiu Xiaoran , Ren Yong , Li Feifei , Cui Wei , Song Shaojiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The liver is the central organ for cholesterol homoeostasis, and its dysfunction might cause liver pathological alterations including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24), a crucial enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, is involved in lipid rafts formation. Genkwadaphnin (GD) is a daphnane diterpene isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae).

Methods
We evaluated in vitro and in vivo effect of GD using HCC cells and BALB/c nude mice. Microarray assays were used to identify the differential genes by GD. DHCR24 expression and activity, cholesterol level, lipid rafts structure and the role of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens were tested by various molecular biology techniques.

Results
High expression of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens was correlated with poor clinical outcome. Interfering DHCR24 altered growth and migration of HCC cells. GD inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. GD suppressed DHCR24 expression and activity, as well as DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation, then further inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that DHCR24-mediated cholesterol metabolism might be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC, and natural product GD might be a promising agent for HCC therapy.
Stokes–Mueller method for comprehensive characterization of coherent terahertz waves
Authors: Chai Xin , Ropagnol Xavier , Mora Luis. Sanchez , Raeiszadeh S. Mohsen , Safavi-Naeini Saffiedin , Blanchard François , Ozaki Tsuneyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdeally, the full characterization of coherent terahertz (THz) pulses would provide information on the amplitude and direction of its THz electric field, in space and in time, with unlimited dynamic range. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new approach based on the Stokes–Mueller formalism. Our approach can measure the full temporal and spatial variation of coherent THz fields, as well as its polarization state with a high dynamic range. This method employs a simple configuration, using a polarization state analyzer after the electro-optic sampling crystal. This technique could allow high sensitivity due to its ability to use thick detection crystals, which also would lead to improved spectral resolution by allowing longer scans in the time domain.