bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Rapid Transit on Accessibility Pattern and Economic Linkage at Urban Agglomeration Scale in China
Authors: Hong Wuyang , Su Mo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The development of high-speed railways has become an important factor influencing regional pattern changes in China. In this study, an accessibility evaluation model was constructed in combination with regional scale and regional center city to research the effect of high-speed rails on accessibility in the South Jiangsu, an urban agglomeration in China. Based on accessibility index, urban economic and social statistics data were used in conjunction with a gravity model to analyze the characteristics and evolvement of economic relations in this area. The result shows that high-speed rails improve overall regional accessibility, significantly benefit regions along rail lines, and makes middle- and long-distance journeys more convenient for the general public. High-speed rails play a particularly dominant role in the evolution of economic linkage and effectively strengthen the ties between cities. When the bonds between cities along rail lines greatly improve, a basic framework of economic relations is formed. Finally this paper discusses the imbalance arising from the effect of high-speed rails, proposing such suggestions as improving urban traffic and building expressways that connect high-speed rail stations in marginal areas to improve accessibility.
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Trioctahedral Chlorites and Its Remote Sensing Application
Authors: Yang Min , Han Ling , Xu Youning , Ke Hailing , Zhou Ningchao , Dong Hui , Liu San , Qiao Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mineral chemistry of thirteen trioctahedral chlorite samples from four regions in northwestern China, having a wide range of Fe and Mg contents and relatively constant Al and Si contents, were studied via raman spectroscopy, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and electron - probe microanalysis. Five absorption features of the twenty samples near 4525, 4440, 4350, 4270 and 4180 cm−1 were observed, and two diagnostic features at 4440 and 4270 cm−1 were recognized. Assignments of the two diagnostic features were made for two combination bands ((ν+δ)(AlAl)O−OH and (ν+δ)(SiAl)O−OH) by regression with Raman fundamental absorptions. Furthermore, the determinant factors of the NIR band position were found by comparing the band positions with relative components. The results showed that Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) values are negatively correlated with the two NIR combination bands. The findings provide an interpretation of the NIR band formation and demonstrate a simple way to use NIR spectroscopy to discriminate between chlorites with different components. More importantly, a simple example of mapping Fe-rich and Mg-rich chlorites were executed using remote sensing data based on this theory. The spectroscopic detection of mineral chemical variations in chlorites provides geologists with a tool with which to collect information on hydrothermal alteration zones from hyperspectral-resolution remote sensing data.
An apple a day …
Authors: Stifter David 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
This article presents hitherto overlooked evidence that suggests that the Old Irish word for the ‘apple’, ubull, was originally a neuter u-stem. This is then integrated into a general picture of the words for ‘apple’ in Celtic and Indo-European. Along the way, several other problems are discussed: it is demonstrated that the normal, if not regular, genitive plural of neuter u-stems in Old Irish had the ending -Ø; the rules for the operation of MacNeill’s Law after b /β/ are refined; and the question of the regular reflex of *su̯ in Old Irish is investigated.
On Indo-European superlative suffixes
Authors: Luján Eugenio R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide some insights into the degree morphology of the ancient IE languages, specifically the superlative suffixes *‑is-toand *‑is- ̊mo-, which have a wider dialectal distribution and could go back to PIE. The relationship of those superlative suffixes to ordinal suffixes is known, but its nature has not been appropriately explained. The suffixes *‑to- and *‑mo- must have originated in the ordinals as thematic formations derived from cardinals and then expanded to the superlatives through the ordinal ‘first’ and other semantically related adjectives (‘last’ and polar/spatial adjectives). Those words provide the semantic and combinatory links between ordinals and superlatives that account for the shared morphology, as the textual evidence also proves. The use of *‑to- and *‑mo- in all those words across the Indo-European languages shows a systematic correlation. The suffixes *‑is-to- and *‑is- ̊mo- are a nice example of transparent nesting, since both include the zero-grade of the comparative suffix. They must have started as relative superlatives, given that ‘first’, ‘last’ and the other related words cannot be absolute superlatives. This is in accordance with a general tendency of evolution of the expressions of the superlative degree.
The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits
Authors: Ghafoor Kashif , Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , Doğu Süleyman , Uslu Nurhan , Fadimu Gbemisola J. , Al Juhaimi Fahad , Babiker Elfadıl E , Özcan Mehmet Musa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.
Approaches to Play Directing in Contemporary Nigerian Theatre: A Study of Segun Adefila and Bolanle Austen-Peters
Authors: Mark Gasper Tekena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Documentation remains one of the major challenges of the Nigerian theatre; as a result many theatrical performances have gone into oblivion. Studies have been conducted that have given birth to the many approaches to play production and theories of directing in the Nigerian theatre. However, most of these studies focused on directors in educational theatres, as many directors outside the academia seem not to have attracted much scholarly interest in terms of documentation. This research documents the directorial approaches of two Nigerian directors – Segun Adefila and Bolanle Austen-Peters – using four productions and will be of benefit to theatre scholarship and the industry. The study employs a qualitative method of research, and the findings reveal Segun Adefila as an anti-realistic director and Bolanle Austen-Peters as a realistic director. Also, both directors use film to support live drama in their productions. This study therefore recommends that directors embrace the use of film in live theatre, in line with technological trends around the world.
Death and contact-induced rebirth of impersonal pronouns. A case study
Authors: D'Alessandro Roberta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Abruzzese, a southern Italian variety spoken in the central Italian region of Abruzzo, makes use of an impersonal pronoun, nomə, which is the continuation of Latin hŏmo (D'Alessandro & Alexiadou 2006). Nomə is used both as an arbitrary 3rd person pronoun and as a generic pronoun. Its use was quite widespread in the Abruzzo and Molise regions until about 50 years ago; however, as a result of heavy contact with Italian, it has recently been almost completely abandoned, and appears to be used only by the older generation of speakers. Its function has also been reshaped, in that it mostly serves as a marker of plurality on verbs.
The loss of impersonal pronouns is a common trend in the European area, as witnessed by the typological study conducted by Giacalone Ramat & Sansò (2007). This typological trend, particularly combined with the significant decay of the dialects in favor of a generalized use of regional Italian, means that the creation of new impersonal pronouns is wholly unexpected. However, it appears that a new impersonal pronoun, annə, is in fact emerging in Abruzzese, and is almost entirely replacing nomə in most areas of Eastern Abruzzo. The development of this impersonal pronoun is following a rather unusual path, seeming to be the result of the re-adaptation of an auxiliary borrowed from Italian.
This paper examines the diachronic development of both pronouns, showing that they follow opposite paths. While nomə is grammaticalizing into a plural marker, annə is degrammaticalizing into an arbitrary pronoun.
Influence of Gait Retraining on Running Economy: A Review and Potential Applications
Authors: Moran Matthew F. , Wager Justin C. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Running gait retraining has been reported to reduce lower-extremity loads and the risk for some running-related injuries. This has provided evidence that distance running gait can safely be modified in runners. Optimal running gait at a given speed is the product of anthropometric, neuromuscular, fatigue, and external factors. Because running biomechanics are integrally linked with economy, a major determinant of endurance running performance, it is conceivable that gait retraining could improve performance. The evidence investigating the influence of gait retraining on running economy will be evaluated and potential applications discussed.
Nanošenje fotokatalitičkih ZnO slojeva na podloge različite geometrije
Authors: Macan Jelena , Grčić Ivana , Medić Mihovil , Lipovski Maja , Kovačević Monika 
Published: November 2019

Ispitivan je način priprave fotokatalitički aktivnog ZnO sloja taloženjem iz otopine. Slojevi bazičnog cinkova acetata (LBZA) uspješno su naneseni na podloge različitih morfologija, a prethodna hidroliza podloge pogoduje dobivanju debljih i čvršće vezanih slojeva. No postupak priprave znatno je osjetljiv na varijacije u uvjetima što čini prevlačenje većih površina zahtjevnijim. Reproducibilnost fotokatalitičke aktivnosti ZnO slojeva dobivenih žarenjem LBZA slaba je i varira do 50 %, bez jasne pravilnosti.
Algunas consideraciones en torno a la transdisciplinariedad y a la educación superior
Authors: Arias Alpízar Luz Mary , Abarca Hernández Oriester 
Published: November 2019

Durante los últimos dos siglos se ha venido sosteniendo la neutralidad y apoliticidad de la ciencia, pero se ha pasado por alto que esta, como construcción humana, no puede ostentar un estatus especial. Es decir, está condicionada históricamente al igual que cualquier otra actividad. La ciencia moderna adquirió su actual división disciplinaria en el siglo XIX, en gran parte por el desarrollo del capitalismo industrial que cubrió el orbe y la conformación de estados-nación y su organización dentro del sistema interestatal, de modo que es una particular forma de entender y estudiar la realidad, pero no la única posible. Las elecciones teóricas y metodológicas hechas desde entonces se han impuesto como la forma natural de aprehender la realidad.
La fase actual del proceso de la globalización ha puesto de manifiesto que el marco epistemológico decimonónico –y como parte de él, el nacionalismo metodológico– resulta insuficiente en el presente para explicar ciertos fenómenos sistémicos y ha revelado la necesidad de su superación.
En el presente contexto histórico se hace más necesario que nunca superar la dependencia académica y la adopción de una actitud crítica para que la división internacional del trabajo académico y la estructuración de una agenda transnacional para la educación no operen en contra de las zonas y poblaciones pobres del mundo. Ello supone que la universidad defina su papel con respecto a la sociedad desde una dimensión política, antes de que decida y realice su propia reforma. La transdisciplinariedad juega un papel principal en la superación de los viejos modelos de la ciencia y la universidad.
Una vivencia de gestión ambiental en el marco del proyecto: mejora de la oferta educativa en gestión ambiental rural, en centros educativos de Guápiles y Sarapiquí
Authors: León León Giselle 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 09 de abril de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 08 de agosto de 2010

Un aspecto de suma importancia para la educación mundial y en particular para la educación costarricense es la gestión ambiental como estrategia educacional, por lo que a continuación se describe la vivencia del proyecto Mejora de la oferta educativa en gestión ambiental rural (MOE-GAR) en su primer etapa 2009, cuya población estuvo conformada por docentes de primaria y secundaria de diferentes áreas de las Direcciones Regionales Educativas de Guápiles y Sarapiquí de Costa Rica.
El proyecto se desarrolló a lo largo del ciclo lectivo de 2009, mediante un trabajo conjunto entre los docentes involucrados, diferentes instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, Dio como resultado un proceso de construcción de conocimientos en gestión ambiental, a partir del cual se plantearon y desarrollaron propuestas en los diferentes centros educativos.
Creencias, práctica docente y propuestas para la atención de la diversidad cultural: el caso de una docente costarricense y tres infantes nicaragüenses
Authors: Ruiz Guevara Lilian Susana 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 19 de abril de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 13 de setiembre de 2010

Este artículo presenta los datos obtenidos en un proceso de investigación acerca de las creencias de una docente en relación con tres estudiantes de origen nicaragüense. Específicamente se presentan los datos de la categoría de análisis sobre el manejo de la práctica docente y su relación con las propuestas de educación en diversidad. Para el desarrollo de esta categoría se incluye un análisis de las subcategorías que se indican a continuación: Dinámica del trabajo diario de una maestra que trabaja con infantes de otra cultura, evaluación de los estudiantes en el salón de clases, estrategias para el desarrollo de la disciplina con niños, y ereencias y propuestas en diversidad.
Los datos evidencian que, en la práctica de aula, la maestra no demuestra un trato diferenciado entre niños nicaragüenses y costarricenses, lo que hace pensar que el trato igualitario es la estrategia “per se utilizada por la docente para resolver el tema de la diversidad cultural en el aula. Por otra parte, la disciplina es asumida por la docente, en su práctica de trabajo diario, como un asunto que se aborda con criterios de regaño, utilizando tonos de voz fuerte y vocabulario agresivo.
La enseñanza y aprendizaje de la geometría en secundaria, la perspectiva de los estudiantes
Authors: Gamboa Araya Ronny , Ballestero Alfaro Esteban 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 25 de marzo de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 30 de julio de 2010

El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de un cuestionario dirigido a estudiantes de secundaria de Costa Rica para conocer su percepción sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la geometría. Los resultados muestran que las clases de geometría en la educación secundaria se han basado en un sistema tradicional de enseñanza, donde docentes presentan la teoría, desarrollan ejemplos y aportan los ejercicios que deben ser resueltos por estudiantes. Estas actividades enfatizan en la aplicación de fórmulas y aspectos memorísticos, lo que trae como consecuencia que procesos de visualización, argumentación y justificación no tengan un papel preponderante en la enseñanza de la disciplina.La geometría se presenta a las estudiantes y los estudiantes como un conjunto de definiciones, fórmulas y teoremas totalmente alejado de su realidad y donde los ejemplos y ejercicios no poseen ninguna relación con su contexto, consecuentemente, la geometría se percibe como poco importante, ya que no es aplicable a la vida cotidiana, cuando la realidad es otra. Además, el grupo estudiantil considera que para tener éxito en geometría hay que saber utilizar la calculadora para realizar cálculos, tener capacidad para memorizar definiciones, fórmulas y teoremas, poseer capacidad para entender los dibujos geométricos y realizar listas de ejercicios para desarrollar la habilidad práctica.
Ejercicio físico, salud y supuestos en el cálculo de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima estimada
Authors: Reyes Rodríguez Alixon David 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 11 de noviembre de 2010 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 03 de junio de 2011

En tiempos en los que se habla ya de nanociencia, de nanotecnología, de biología sistémica, de reingeniería genética, de ecoalfabetización, de ecoeconomía, de revolución biotecnológica, etc., pareciera que aún permanecen viejas escuelas con supuestos científicos y referentes teóricos que en su momento dieron respuestas a necesidades científicas, pero que ya hoy son insuficientes. Se menciona esto porque resulta un atraso para la ciencias de la educación y para las ciencias del deporte el hecho de que aún se sigan enseñando en congresos nacionales e internacionales, seminarios, jornadas de investigación, en nuestras universidades y en cualquier tipo de reuniones científicas, algunos supuestos que han perdido vigencia y que, por lo tanto, han caducado en cuanto a su legitimidad y validez. Reconocemos los avances que para la ciencia del ejercicio físico y la fisiología del ejercicio representaron, en su momento, algunas fórmulas predictivas para el cálculo de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima estimada (FCME), hay aspectos dignos de considerar que atienden a la necesidad. No que las despreciemos, lo que se pretende a través del presente trabajo es mostrar y desmitificar el hecho de la fórmula tradicional como casi el único patrón de medición y cálculo de la FCME, y más allá ofrecer, desde la perspectiva de otros investigadores, posibilidades para una mejora en cuanto a la dosificación del ejercicio físico para ciertos tipos de poblaciones con especificidades singulares.
Influence of Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady 3D MHD slip flow of Carreau nanofluid over a slendering stretchable sheet with chemical reaction
Authors: Reddy Reddy Reddisekhar , Reddy Polu Bala Anki , Chamkha J. 
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a numerical exploration on the unsteady three-dimensional hydromagnetic flow of Carreau nanofluid over a slendering stretchable sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. Furthermore, the effects of velocity slip, thermal slip, solutal slip, Soret and Dufour are taken into account. The prevailing time-dependent partial differential equations are metamorphosed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate similarity transformations. The resultant nonlinear coupled differential equations are solved numerically by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method along with shooting scheme. The sway of sundry parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, shear stress, temperature gradient and concentration gradient has been premeditated, and numerical results are presented graphically and in tabular form. Comparison amid the previously published results, and the current numerical results are made for the limiting cases, which are found to be in a virtuous agreement.
Safety of the 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Authors: Shimabukuro Tom T. , Su John R. , Marquez Paige L. , Mba-Jonas Adamma , Arana Jorge E. , Cano Maria V. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:The 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (9vHPV) was approved for females and males aged 9 to 26 years in 2014. We analyzed postlicensure surveillance reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).METHODS:We searched VAERS data for US reports of adverse events (AEs) after 9vHPV from December 2014 through December 2017. We calculated reporting rates and conducted empirical Bayesian data mining to identify disproportional reporting. Physicians reviewed reports for selected prespecified conditions.RESULTS:VAERS received 7244 reports after 9vHPV: 31.2% among females, 21.6% among males, and for 47.2%, sex was not reported. Overall, 97.4% of reports were nonserious. Dizziness, syncope, headache, and injection site reactions were most commonly reported; the most commonly reported AEs were similar between females and males. Two reports of death after 9vHPV were verified; no information in autopsy reports or death certificates suggested a causal relationship with vaccination. Approximately 28 million 9vHPV doses were distributed during the study period; crude AE reporting rates were 259 reports per million 9vHPV doses distributed for all reports and 7 per million doses distributed for serious reports. Syncope (a known AE associated with human papillomavirus vaccination) and several types of vaccine administration errors (eg, administered at wrong age) exceeded the statistical threshold for empirical Bayesian data mining findings.CONCLUSIONS:No new or unexpected safety concerns or reporting patterns of 9vHPV with clinically important AEs were detected. The safety profile of 9vHPV is consistent with data from prelicensure trials and from postmarketing safety data of its predecessor, the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine.
DINAMIKA STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA, KABUPATEN JEPARA
Authors: Rustam Agustin 
Published: November 2019

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi struktur komunitas lamun adalah kondisi lingkungan tempat lamun tumbuh yang dipengaruhi musim. Penelitian ini dilakukan tahun 2016 dan 2018 di perairan kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan dinamika kondisi eksisting ekosistem lamun melalui pendekatan struktur komunitas di empat pulau dan monitoring di dua pulau pada dua musim yang berbeda. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan survei lapangan, penentuan titik sampling secara purposive sampling dan dianalisis struktur komunitas lamun serta metode skoring/bobot untuk mengestimasikan kondisi lamun. Hasil penelitian ada sepuluh spesies lamun yang ditemukan di empat pulau dengan 15 titik sampling. Dua pulau dilakukan monitoring terlihat adanya kecenderungan penurunan prosentase penutupan lamun dan berkurangnya spesies lamun namun ada peningkatan keanekaragaman lamun berdasarkan jumlah individu yang ditemukan. Jenis lamun yang berperan penting di Kepulauan Karimunjawa adalah jenis Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata dan Enhalus acoroides. Peningkatan jumlah individu lamun dikarenakan adanya pergantian peran lamun di lokasi monitoring dengan lamun yang berukuran lebih kecil dari sebelumnya. Berdasarkan sistem pembobotan dan baku mutu kondisi lingkungan ekosistem lamun rata-rata menunjukkan kondisi dalam keadaan rusak, kurang kaya dan kurang sehat. Hal ini dapat disebabkan ada potensi pencemaran limbah domestik yang terperangkap di ekosistem lamun sehingga terjadi penurunan struktur komunitas lamun, ditunjukkan dengan adanya hamparan makro alga di beberapa lokasi, mengindikasikan adanya pengayaan nutrien. Diperlukan pemantauan yang berkelanjutan untuk ekosistem lamun, dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk tidak membuang sampah ke laut, sehingga lingkungan perairan terjaga dengan baik.