bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Résilience face au risque d’entreprendre en contexte hostile : le cas de l’Algérie
Authors: Ahras Amel 
Published: March 2020

Dans les rapports d’instances internationales (FMI, Banque mondiale, etc.), dans la littérature ou encore sur le terrain, l’environnement algérien est décrit comme hostile à l’entrepreneuriat privé. Néanmoins, le succès de certaines entreprises a attiré notre attention. Ainsi, cette contribution tente de répondre à la question suivante : dans un environnement hostile à l’entrepreneuriat privé, comment certaines entreprises ont-elles pu braver le risque et faire face à différents défis et revers ? Nous avons étudié dans une approche qualitative un cas unique, Cevital, un conglomérat algérien de plus 18 000 salariés. Nous avons mobilisé la méthode biographique pour traiter de façon longitudinale les récits entrepreneuriaux d’un entrepreneur. Ce dernier a su, à travers un cycle d’échecs-succès-apprentissages, faire face aux risques liés à l’entrepreneuriat dans un environnement jugé hostile. Il a ainsi à maintes reprises fait preuve de résilience. Au-delà des facteurs de résilience cités dans la littérature, cette étude nous permet d’en identifier d’autres, inédits, tels que l’attachement au pays, qui donne une dimension supérieure et permet de fédérer les membres de l’entreprise, et le choix de ne jamais céder aux tentatives de corruption, qui assure une certaine indépendance.
Type I IFN Drives Experimental Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Distinct Mechanisms in CD4 T Cells and B Cells
Authors: Klarquist Jared , Cantrell Rachel , Lehn Maria A , Lampe Kristin , Hennies Cassandra M , Hoebe Kasper , Janssen Edith M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Myriad studies have linked type I IFN to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although increased levels of type I IFN are found in patients with SLE, and IFN blockade ameliorates disease in many mouse models of lupus, its precise roles in driving SLE pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we dissected the effect of type I IFN sensing by CD4 T cells and B cells on the development of T follicular helper cells (TFH), germinal center (GC) B cells, plasmablasts, and antinuclear dsDNA IgG levels using the bm12 chronic graft-versus-host disease model of SLE-like disease. Type I IFN sensing by B cells decreased their threshold for BCR signaling and increased their expression of MHC class II, CD40, and Bcl-6, requirements for optimal GC B cell functions. In line with these data, ablation of type I IFN sensing in B cells significantly reduced the accumulation of GC B cells, plasmablasts, and autoantibodies. Ablation of type I IFN sensing in T cells significantly inhibited TFH expansion and subsequent B cell responses. In contrast to the effect in B cells, type I IFN did not promote proliferation in the T cells but protected them from NK cell–mediated killing. Consequently, ablation of either perforin or NK cells completely restored TFH expansion of IFNAR−/− TFH and, subsequently, restored the B cell responses. Together, our data provide evidence for novel roles of type I IFN and immunoregulatory NK cells in the context of sterile inflammation and SLE-like disease.
JULES-BE: representation of bioenergy crops and harvesting in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn5.1
Authors: Littleton Emma W. , Harper Anna B. , Vaughan Naomi E. , Oliver Rebecca J. , Duran-Rojas Maria Carolina , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We describe developments to the land surface model JULES,
allowing for flexible user-prescribed harvest regimes of various perennial
bioenergy crops or natural vegetation types. Our aim is to integrate the
most useful aspects of dedicated bioenergy models into dynamic global
vegetation models, in order that assessment of bioenergy options can benefit
from state-of-the-art Earth system modelling. A new plant functional type
(PFT) representing Miscanthus is also presented. The Miscanthus PFT fits well with growth
parameters observed at a site in Lincolnshire, UK; however, global observed
yields of Miscanthus are far more variable than is captured by the model, primarily
owing to the model's lack of representation of crop age and establishment
time. Global expansion of bioenergy crop areas under a 2 ∘C
emissions scenario and balanced greenhouse gas mitigation strategy from the
IMAGE integrated assessment model (RCP2.6-SSP2) achieves a mean yield of 4.3 billion tonnes of dry matter per year over 2040–2099, around 30 % higher
than the biomass availability projected by IMAGE. In addition to perennial
grasses, JULES-BE can also be used to represent short-rotation coppicing,
residue harvesting from cropland or forestry and rotation forestry.
Impact of 25 years of grazing exclusion and shrub removal on plant community structure and soil characteristics in a xerophytic rangeland
Authors: Arévalo Jose R. , García José E. , Mellado Miguel , Encina-Domínguez Juan A. , Dueñez José , Suárez-Hernández Eliseo 
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: We tested the hypothesis that long periods of grazing exclusion in areas with a history of high grazing intensity will have a positive impact on soil nutrient conditions and favor soil infiltration, increase biomass and lead to a recovery in vegetation.Area of study: Noria de Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico.Material and methods: We analyzed the impact of grazing exclusion on biomass, species richness, evenness, soil nutrient content and soil water infiltration after 25 years of exclusion during each of the four seasons by excluding two 15 × 15 m plots of grazing and compared with two control plots.Main results: Exclusion management did not lead to biomass increases; however, it did lead to an important recovery in the plant community. Moreover, soil nutrient content was more affected by the seasonality of rainfall in the study site than by 25 years of exclusion. The elimination of dominant shrubs in the excluded area led to a faster recovery in palatable shrubs and shortgrass vegetation, which was improved by better infiltration values during the end of spring and summer explaining some of the differences in nutrient avaibility.Research highlights: In our study, exclusion management can lead to an important recovery in vegetation without affecting the growth of Atriplex canescens, a valuable source of fodder. Although biomass presented a higher dependence on seasonality and was not related to the treatment, the impact on the forage quality is evident by the different plant communities established after 25 years of exclusion.
Cost Estimation of Painting Works in Nigeria Using Algorithmic Equations
Authors: Ugochukwu Stanley Chukwudi , Ogunsina Olusola, , Udoka Obinna Enem , Enenmoh Raymond Chike 
Published: March 2020

Inaccurate cost estimation of painting works often leaves a client dissatisfied and mars the professional expertise of the quantity surveyor. This is because either excess quantity of paint is left behind after completion of the work or the paints purchased and budget allotted for the project is unable to finish the work. To this end, this study developed algorithmic equations for estimating the cost (material and labour) of painting works using the common types of paints in Anambra and Enugu state of south-east Nigeria and also validated them using current market rates. This was achieved via identifying the types and peculiar features of the common paints used in the study area, determination of the average quantity of paint needed per square meter (to assess the material constant for the paints identified) and assessing the labour constant for the paints identified. Dulux, Homepride, Intercolour, Sharon (Vineyard) and Fine coat were among the common paint brands identified through market survey, interviews with the paint manufacturers, suppliers, painters and construction professionals and physical observation. Dulux was adjudged the most durable. Though quite expensive, it allows for creativity and flexibility and has an aesthetically pleasing outlook. The materials and labour constants were generated by physical observation, via a work study. The algorithmic equations developed are as follows: Up = Mc+ Lc; Mc = YAm x Cp; Lc = Y x Lp (thus: Up = YAm x Cp + YLp), where: Up = painting cost, Mc = Material cost, Lc = Labour cost, Y = Area of building to be painted, Am = Average quantity of the material per square meter (material constant), Cp = Cost of material per meter square, Lp = Cost of labour per square meter (labour constant). Validation of the model using current market rates of the last quarter of 2019 in the study area indicates that painting a wall of total area= 115.29 m2 using Sharon texcote paint for instance will cost N64,500. These equations not only have time saving potentials, they are also reliable when used for costing painting works involving the brand of paints surveyed. However, their efficacy relies heavily on accurate measurement of area of walls to be painted. These models are recommended for use by practicing quantity surveyors to generate feasibility cost estimates for painting works and shorten pre-contract time for both private and public clients.
Quality Characteristics of Biscuits Produced from Composite Flour of Sweet Potato and Cashew Nut Flour Blends
Authors: Tanko O. O. , Hussaina T. O. , Donaldben N. S. 
Published: March 2020

The research is aimed at adding value to sweet potato based biscuits using underutilized crops such as cashew nuts. The objective of the study was to add value to sweet potato based biscuits, the sweet potato was processed into flour; while the cashew nuts was unroasted cashew nuts were sorted to remove the stones, dirt’s and unwholesome cashew nuts, roasted, shelled, dried, peeled and processed into flour and sieved. The cashew nuts flour was substituted at 20, 30, 40 and 50% into sweet potato flour to produce sweet potato and cashew nuts composite flour were used for the production of biscuits. Functional, proximate composition of the biscuits, physical and sensory properties of composite biscuits were determined. Significance difference (P<0.05) was observed Bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, emulsion activity, foaming stability and gelatinization temperature increased from 0.62 to 0.73 g/cm3, 1.31 to 1.81 g/g, 2.10 to 2.22 g/g, 6.42 to 7.18 ml, 59.71 to 60.51%, 6.19 to 6.43% and 68.20 to 72.10ºC, respectively with an increase in the addition of cashew nuts flour. The crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash increase from 14.65 to 18.31%, 7.88 to 10.21%, 3.21 to 3.51% and 4.10 to 4.76% respectively; while the moisture and carbohydrate content of the biscuits decreased from 13.77 to 13.31% and 56.39 to 49.89%, respectively with increase in the addition of the cashew nuts flour. The physical properties of the composite biscuits such as the weight, thickness, diameter and spread ratio ranged from 16.09 to 17.45 g, 10.87 to 10.96 mm, 38.94 to 40.02 mm and 3.56 to 3.60 respectively. The average means scores for the appearance, crispness, taste, aroma and overall acceptability increase were observed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the appearance, taste and aroma while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the crispness and overall acceptability.
Availability and Use of Information and Communication Technology by Oil Palm Farmers in the Akyemansa District, Ghana
Authors: Swanzy F. K. M. , Sosu E. K. M. , Danso W. O. 
Published: March 2020

The use of ICTs forms part of efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) especially ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all. In the agricultural sector, access to the right knowledge and information in a timely manner enhances agricultural production and thus increase food production. In Ghana, several studies have reported on the access and use of ICT tools by farmers in food crop and poultry sectors, however, much work has not been done in the tree crop sector, especially the oil palm subsector.
This study sought to determine the availability and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by oil palm farmers in the Akyemansa District of Ghana. The primary data used in the study were collected through focus group discussions and structured questionnaires administered to 150 randomly selected oil palm farmers. Both descriptive and inferential statisticswere employed in analyzing the data. Results show that 99.00% of farmers have access to radio with very low availability and access to a computer. Chi-square test analysis showed that there was a significant difference p= (0.00 and 0.00) between farmers’ extent of access to ICTs and their use for oil palm production activities. However, there was no significant relationship p= (.8137, and .2233) between farmers extent of access to the mobile phone, radio and how often farmers used them for oil palm production. There is a need to improve organizational structures, technical and infrastructural facilities regarding ICT availability to allow more access to and use of these facilities.
Knowledge Management Practices, Challenges and Coping Strategies Adopted by Public Agricultural Extension: A Case of Nandi-Hills Sub-County, Nandi County, Kenya
Authors: Cheruiyot Joseph Kipkorir , Sang Nelly , Ng’etich Festus 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Knowledge Management (KM) in agriculture is a core aspect of agricultural productivity and profitability, but is one area with scanty literature. The aim of the current study was to determine the knowledge management practices, challenges and coping strategies adopted by public agricultural extension agents in Nandi-hills Sub-county, Nandi County, Kenya under a fairly new devolved system put in place by the constitution of Kenya in 2010.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional case study survey design was adopted for the study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nandi-hills Sub-County, Nandi County, Kenya. Data were collected between January and April, 2019.
Methodology: All the Extension agents in the Sub-county were targeted. A questionnaire with closed and open ended questions was used to collect data from the 32 participants in the Sub-county and the data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics were utilized to document the practises based on their frequencies and associations. 7% of the respondents were certificate holders, 37% were diploma holders while a majority; 56% were degree holders. Associations between attributes was analysed by running Goodman and Kruskals’ gamma.
Results: Findings indicated that lack of organized knowledge sharing fora, poor ICT infrastructure, lack of budgetary support and transport were the major challenges facing knowledge management. There was strong negative correlation between education levels with rating of knowledge storage (Gamma = - 0.647, p = 0.001) and with access to stored information (Gamma = - 0.824, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Diverse methods of knowledge capture and storage were utilized and faced varied challenges mostly attributed to inadequate facilitation to support knowledge capture and storage in modern forms such as ICT. Cooperation and collaboration with private sector players was adopted as a strategy to cope with the challenges.
A Potential Pathological Role of Wingless Type1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein-1 and Betatrophin in Obese Women with Polyststic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Hassan Abrar Gomaa Abd-Elfatah , Mohammed Mohammed Ali Mohammed , Abd-Elatif Doaa Mohammed Mohammed , Mohammed Ashraf Taha Abd-Elmouttaleb 
Published: March 2020

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common female endocrinopathy. It is associated with adipokines dysfunctional secretion pattern and insulin resistance, which is considered as the main reason for its clinical feature. Wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 is a novel adipokine that displays insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation where it strongly related to adipocyte accumulation and regeneration. Betatrophin has a potential role in pancreatic beta-cell proliferation and obesity and several studies showed inconsistent betatrophin levels in patients with diabetes and obesity but, its relation to polycystic ovary syndrome is unclear.
Aim: Investigation of the role of serum wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 and betatrophin in normal weight and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Studying their association with other markers, then determine whether obesity and insulin resistance is associated with them.
Methods: Wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 and betatrophin serum levels were measured in 44 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (22 obese and 22 non-obese) and 44 matched control (22 obese and 22 non-obese) females using specific ELISA kits.
Results: Betatrophin and wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 levels were elevated in the polycystic ovary syndrome group (49.4 pg/ml, 187.6 pg/ml) than in the control group (32.08 pg/ml, 108.4 pg/ml) respectively. Moreover, their levels were higher in the obese subgroup than in normal weight subgroup. There were positive correlations between wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 and betatrophin in non-obese (r=0.89, p=0.0001***) and in obese (r=0.78, p=0.0001***) polycystic ovary syndrome groups.
Conclusion: Betatrophin and wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 are associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hence wingless type1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 and betatrophin may play a role in the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome. They may be valuable in diagnosis and prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
Variability of Soil Extractable Micronutrients in the Upland and Lowland Topoposition Soils of Gubi Village, Bauchi State, North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Biwe Ephraim Risul , Nanmwa Voncir , Hassan Alhaji Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the variability of extractable micronutrients in the varying topoposition soils of Gubi village. Four profile pits were dug at each of the designated topopositions making a total of eight profiles. The profiles were dug at the crest, upper slope, middle slope and valley bottom positions of the two toposequences and were named URFGU1, URFGU2, URFGU3 to URFGU4 and URFGL1. URFGL2, URFGL3 to URFGL4 for upland and lowland respectively. The content and profile distribution of extractable micronutrients copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) were extracted using 0.1 m HCl solution and determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at appropriate wavelengths (Ca at 247 nm, Zn at 214 nm, Mn at 279 nm and Fe at 248 nm. Data generated was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance in nested experimental design. The significance of difference between treatments was determined using fishers LSD. Means that were significantly different were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The result reveals that Copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) varied significantly due to location. Iron and manganese were significantly higher in the upland soil (47.35 and 47.50 mg/kg respectively) than in the lowland soil (17.67 and 27.38 mg/kg respectively). The lowland soil had significantly higher Cu (1.31 mg/kg) than the upland soil (0.37 mg/kg). Zinc (Zn) did not vary significantly due to location however the lowland soil (0.86 mg/kg) had a higher Zn content than the upland soil (0.26 mg/kg).
Sensitivity of Genotype by Environment Interaction Models to Outlying Observations
Authors: Oyamakin S. Oluwafemi , Durojaiye M. Olalekan 
Published: March 2020

Plant breeding program depends on its ability to provide farmers with genotypes with guaranteed superior performance (phenotype) in terms of yield and/or quality across a range of environmental conditions. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to have an understanding of the model suitable for or leading to a good phenotype. In this study, two cases of scenarios were considered to have a clearer view of the performance of Genotype by Environment Interaction on the following four models; Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Finlay Wilkinson (FW), Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) and Mixed Model. We experiment the inference behind the violation of the assumption of normal distribution by observing the data contamination of two case scenarios (Lowest and Highest outlying observations). It was observed on the two data Types of Balance and Unbalance designs with different Levels of generations. We achieved that by comparative performance of the data contamination techniques under the two case scenarios; Case I scenario was done for Lowest Outlying Observations where 50%, 100% and 500% data contamination on the First Quarter (P1), Mid quarter (P2) and Last Quarter (P3). We then deduced from the result of the model evaluation that, at each levels of data contamination for Balance and Unbalance design, Mixed model was the ideal model for interaction. Case II scenario was done for Highest Outlying Observations where 50%, 100% and 500% data contamination on the First Quarter (P1), Mid quarter (P2) and Last Quarter (P3) were examined on each levels of generations. We then observed from the result of the model evaluation that, at each levels of data contamination for Balance and Unbalance design, Mixed model also outperformed the other three models.
Prototype Analysis of Basic Words in Social Media in Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanto Wahyu Wijaya , Pariyasto Sofyan , Iskandar Dwi 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The use of social media in generation Y and generation Z as a forum for communication is commonly used in everyday life. The use of language as a means of communication in social media also attracts attention, especially the use of Indonesian, as a national language and as a unifying language of the nation, Indonesian must of course be maintained. Especially in writing and using it. The frequency of writing words on social media often becomes a problem in Indonesian as a national language. Both consciously and unconsciously, Indonesian writing is often found that is not in accordance with the structure of grammar and vocabulary in social media, causing concerns about the use of Indonesian in the future that has strayed far from the general guidelines of Indonesian spelling. Researchers conduct research related to the use of basic words in social media.
Study Design: The analysis process is carried out using an approach that starts from data collection, stemming and grouping data from random social media (WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook).
Place and Duration of Study: Data from the top 3 (three) social media (WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook) with the keyword "belajar" between December 2019 and January 2020.
Methodology: From the data collected there were 40492 basic words that were successfully obtained. Then the data obtained is done by sorting and deleting repeated words, so as to get the base word data of 5243 words.
Results: From the results of the study obtained information that the word "ajar" is the most frequent word with 2502 times repeated. The words "yang" and the word "ga" are non-standard words most often appear with the appearance 759 and 530 times. Mistakes most often occur because of abbreviated writing and hypercorrection.
Conclusion: The use of words that are not standard and not in accordance with the general guidelines of Indonesian spelling are words that are dominated by abbreviated words. Abbreviations like "yg" should "yang" rank first, while the word "ga" who should "tidak" rank second. The writing of words caused by hypercorrection is also one of the causes of errors in writing words. Hypercorrection words that appear include "zenius", "coba" and "smoga".