bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Glycans
Authors: Hao Wei , Ma Bo , Li Ziheng , Wang Xiaoyu , Gao Xiaopan , Li Yaohao , Qin Bo , Shang Shiying , Cui Sheng , Tan Zhongping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has caused a high number of deaths in the world. To combat it, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of how the virus infects host cells. Infection normally starts with the attachment of the virus to cell-surface glycans like heparan sulfate (HS) and sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides. In this study, we examined and compared the binding of the subunits and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV to these glycans. Our results revealed that the S proteins and subunits can bind to HS in a sulfation-dependent manner, the length of HS is not a critical factor for the binding, and no binding with sialic acid residues was detected. Overall, this work suggests that HS binding may be a general mechanism for the attachment of these coronaviruses to host cells, and supports the potential importance of HS in infection and in the development of antiviral agents against these viruses.
Black Holes in 4D
N=4
Super-Yang-Mills Field Theory
Authors: Benini Francesco , Milan Elisa 
Published: May 2020

Black-hole solutions to general relativity carry a thermodynamic entropy, discovered by Bekenstein and Hawking to be proportional to the area of the event horizon, at leading order in the semiclassical expansion. In a theory of quantum gravity, black holes must constitute ensembles of quantum microstates whose large number accounts for the entropy. We study this issue in the context of gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We exploit the most basic example of the holographic description of gravity (AdS/CFT): type IIB string theory on AdS5×S5, equivalent to maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. We thus resolve a long-standing question: Does the four-dimensional N=4 SU(N) Super-Yang-Mills theory on S3 at large N contain enough states to account for the entropy of rotating electrically charged supersymmetric black holes in 5D anti–de Sitter space? Our answer is positive. By reconsidering the large N limit of the superconformal index, using the so-called Bethe-ansatz formulation, we find an exponentially large contribution which exactly reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black holes. Besides, the large N limit exhibits a complicated structure, with many competing exponential contributions and Stokes lines, hinting at new physics. Our method opens the way toward a quantitative study of quantum properties of black holes in anti–de Sitter space.

Published by the American Physical Society
2020
Synthesis, structural elucidation, characterization and theoretical DFT study of 1-(o-tolyl)biguanidium chloride
Authors: Kaabi Kamel , Klai Kacem , Wenger Emmanuel , Jelsch Christian , Lefebvre Frédéric , Nasr Cherif Ben 
Published: May 2020

The structure of the new salt 1-(o-tolyl)biguanidium chloride, C9H14N5
+·Cl−, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. In this structure, the chloride and biguanidium hydrophilic ions are mostly connected to each other via N—H...N and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to the ab plane around y = 1 \over 3 and y = 2 \over 3. The 2-methylbenzyl groups form layers between these layers around y = 0 and y = 1 \over 2, with the methyl group forming C—H...π interactions with the aromatic ring. Intermolecular interactions on the Hirshfeld surface were investigated in terms of contact enrichment and electrostatic energy, and confirm the role of strong hydrogen bonds along with hydrophobic interactions. A correlation between electrostatic energy and contact enrichment is found only for the strongly attractive (N—H...Cl−) and repulsive contacts. Electrostatic energies between ions reveal that the interacting biguanidium cation pairs are repulsive and that the crystal is maintained by attractive cation...Cl− dimers. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by IR spectroscopy.
Emergence and development of low-tech clusters: an empirical study of five Palestinian clusters
Authors: Sultan Suhail , van Dijk Meine Pieter , Omran Omar 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the nature of challenges facing five low-tech Palestinian small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) clusters and to understand their dynamics. The study proposes a number of key policies necessary to foster start-ups and the growth of the current clusters.Design/methodology/approachFive low-tech Palestinian clusters were selected for investigation. Using multiple sources of evidence, the research questions are answered using a case study approach. Twelve semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives from the government, private sector and universities. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.FindingsThese five low-tech clusters in Palestine are located in a complex environment that imposes a mix of challenges which adversely affect their performance. The challenges facing Palestinian clusters are different in terms of their degree of complexity. The common challenges facing the Palestinian low-tech SME clusters are the fundamental lack of innovative stimulation policies or of incentives in the Palestinian ecosystem, lack of trust, unfair competition, limited access to finance, lack of access to promising markets and the limited collaboration between different parties. More focused policies are suggested to the Palestinian authorities.Practical implicationsClusters represent a new and complementary way of understanding an economy, organizing economic development, enhancing competitiveness and innovation through sectoral specialization and cooperation and implementing public policies. In the overwhelming majority of Palestinian entities categorized as SMEs, clustering adds value to the firms from the point of view of productivity and by battling unemployment, which is rampant among Palestinian youth.Originality/valueEven though the issue of clusters in SMEs has been well researched in developed countries, empirical studies are still lacking in this developing region. The attention given to policies in this article allows using the insights gained for cluster development in Palestine.
Learning method design for engineering students to be prepared for Industry 4.0: a Kaizen approach
Authors: Hasan Md. Zahid , Mallik Avijit , Tsou Jia-Chi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeUnderdeveloped along with developing countries face enough crisis of human resources in high-tech industries. As a result, the amount of waste is higher along with less productivity. Highly qualified and smart employees are required as the term “Industry 4.0” introduces a lot of sophisticated and complex technologies that dominates productivity. But in those countries, to cope up with this terminology; neither the educational curriculum and method of teaching has been modified nor changed yet nor will be modified soon. So, the engineering students should be introduced with the aims and technologies of Industry 4.0 and its key technologies so that they can prepare themselves as highly skilled and qualified human resources besides academic courses.Design/methodology/approachThis article mainly depicts the causes of poor technical skills of the engineering students of Bangladesh and a new learning process has been proposed. The model proposed is basically inspired by Kaizen philosophy consisting of initiation, sharing and implementation cycles. The key aspects of human resource quality and the possibility of gaining innovative human resources for smart industries are given equal priority here. The prime factor to evaluate any learning outcome is quality and this research is a structured guideline to achieve sustainable quality education needed for “Industry 4.0” to engineering students.FindingsThis paper provides statistical analysis on “Fitness of undergraduate engineering students for Industry 4.0”. After applying the proposed methodology on 130 students from different public engineering institutes of Bangladesh, the significant improvement of effectiveness in learning various topics of “Industry 4.0” besides academic studies has justified the method to be a successful one measuring by the criteria for fitness of human resource. This research aims to clarify the sustainable and work-based learning goals and methods for Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (STEM) students and professional courses.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a research where the proposed methodology was applied upon academically enrolled engineering students and the result was very satisfactory. A sustainable learning strategy for developing professional skills from academic life can result in better productivity at the beginning of a career. However, this methodology can be applied for job holders or professionals besides their office hours thus it is the future scope of this research methodology.Originality/valueThis research represents the crucial factors related to technical education and skill development for the upcoming challenges and possible remedies needed for Industry 4.0. Therefore, students should become aware of their carrier challenges and the administration concerned for education to minimize the scarcity of skilled human resources needed for the Fourth Industrial revolution.
SDN-cloud: a power aware resource management system for efficient energy optimization
Authors: Shrabanee Swagatika , Rath Amiya Kumar 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn modern cloud services, resource provisioning and allocation are significant for assigning the available resources in efficient way. Resource management in cloud becomes challenging due to high energy consumption at data center (DC), virtual machine (VM) migration, high operational cost and overhead on DC.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors proposed software-defined networking (SDN)-enabled cloud for resource management to reduce energy consumption in DC. SDN-cloud comprises four phases: (1) user authentication, (2) service-level agreement (SLA) constraints, (3) cloud interceder and (4) SDN-controller.FindingsResource management is significant for reducing power consumption in CDs that is based on scheduling, VM placement, with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.Research limitations/implicationsThe main goal is to utilize the resources energy effectively for reducing power consumption in cloud environment. This method effectively increases the user service rate and reduces the unnecessary migration process.Originality/valueAs a result, the authors show a significant reduction in energy consumption by 20 KWh as well as over 60% power consumption in the presence of 500 VMs. In future, the authors have planned to concentrate the issues on resource failure and also SLA violation rate with respect to number of resources will be decreased.
Risk-oriented approach to managing the social market economy
Authors: Krishtaleva Taisiia I. , Gureeva Elena A. , Kripakova Liliya A. , Rykova Inna N. , Krupnov Yuriy A. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop a risk-oriented approach to managing the social market economy.Design/methodology/approachThe first task is to determine the differences in susceptibility to the risk of the social market economy as compared to “pure” market economy. The authors use comparative analysis, variation analysis and correlation analysis for determining the dependence between quality of life in 2020 and variation of quality of life in 2012–2020, as well as variation of gross domestic product per capita in 2012–2020. The second task is to determine the perspectives of risk management of the social market economy in view of the specifics of the risk component of its functioning and development. Regression analysis is used for determining the dependence of quality of life in top ten countries with the social market economy in 2020 in the key risk factors that are peculiar for market economy and that lead to its destabilization: globalization, innovations and digitization.FindingsIt is substantiated that the unique economic and social environment predetermines the specific influence of the factors that are peculiar for the modern market economy. It is proved – by the example of top ten social market economies in 2020 – that social factors are more important for provision of stability of the social market economy than economic factors.Originality/valueA risk-oriented approach to managing the social market economy is developed; it takes into account the specifics of the risk component of its functioning and development. The offered approach showed that the social market economy requires indirect regulation of risks through correction of institutions.
Virtual vs physical platform: organizational capacity and slack, strategic decision and firm performance
Authors: Lee Hang , Hsiao Yung-Chang , Chen Chung-Jen , Guo Ruey-Shan 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between organizational capacity, slack resource, platform strategic choice and firm performance. It also tackles the endogenous issues regarding the strategic choice of platform types.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses Heckman’s two-stage procedures to examine the relationship between the variables. The sample in this study comes from Compustat annual company and segment files. The sample used in the main analysis consists of 252 individual corporations globally and 3,528 firm-year observations from 2004–2017.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that: (1) firms are more likely to develop physical platforms than virtual platforms when they possess higher levels of available slack, potential slack, research and development (R&D) capacity and marketing capacity; (2) in general, firms developing physical platforms perform better than firms developing virtual platforms after the endogeneity bias are controlled; and (3) firms that choose to develop physical platforms perform better than if they had chosen to develop virtual platforms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the platform research literature by proposing the endogenous role of platform type choice in firm performance in the context of the retail industry. Prior conceptual and theoretical platform studies have seldom focused on the retail industry through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies. This study also presents many opportunities for further explorations on the relationship between firm strategic choice and firm performance in the context of platform retail industry.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that firms must realize that their performance is not necessarily affected by these platform type choice determinants in terms of potential slack, available slack, R&D capacity and marketing capacity. By contrast, they should pay more attention to developing physical platforms if it is possible. The study findings indicate that although virtual platforms have grown rapidly because of the development of technology, firm performance is at all times superior when firms choose to develop physical platforms.Originality/valuePrior platform studies have focused on the topic of network structure, platform architecture, pricing strategy, platform leadership and platform design and governance within the context of video game industry, software industry, hardware industry and telecommunications industry. Seldom of them focus on other industries through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies.
Reflections on constructing time in organizational change processes: a virtuous managerial interest
Authors: Ericsson Daniel 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to present a constructionist framework for reflection upon time in organizational change processes. The framework directs attention towards (1) institutionalized ideas on organizational change processes anchored in different theoretical epochs, (2) institutionalized norms and virtues that govern the development of specific time regimes in organizations and (3) subjective opportunistic expectations of the future.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is essayistic in character.FindingsThe paper explores how constructions of time might be biased by managerial leaders' opportunistic enactment of specific institutionalized ideas anchored in different theoretical epochs in order to comply with culturally embedded and mediated managerial virtues such as being fast and vigorous.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper opens up for a differentiated understanding of time in organizational change processes, and it pinpoints the assumptions that guide both theoretical discussions on time, as well as empirical studies.Practical implicationsThe framework proffers the reflective practitioner the opportunity to develop informed expectations on time in relation to organizational change processes.Social implicationsA nuanced and differentiated understanding of how time is construed in organizational change processes might reduce the social costs of underestimating the time organizational changes take – or exaggerating the belief in managerial leaders as sovereigns of time.Originality/valueThe paper contributes with a critical understanding of how time is construed in organizational change processes.
(Re)descriptions of medical professional work: exploring accounting as a performative device within an emergency unit health-care context
Authors: Fırtın Cemil Eren , Karlsson Tom S. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis article addresses issues of calculation and economization in contemporary public organizations. In particular, it investigates how choices of organizing emergency health-care have been affected by accounting as a performative device. Special attention has been paid to how accounting brings about performative consequences in shaping the medical profession and its context.Design/methodology/approachThe article employs qualitative research methods and draws its analysis on empirical data from in-depth interviews at an emergency health-care unit in Sweden.FindingsIt is demonstrated how accounting, in the form of calculations of treatment time and number of patients, enables performative consequences for medical professional work. It is also demonstrated how the use of accounting engages (re)descriptions of practices and roles, creates accounts of patients, and helps to sustain such (re)descriptions. Accounting terms (such as efficiency and control) have been reframed into medical terminology (such as health-care quality and security), ensuring and retaining (re)described medical professional work in terms of practices and emerging roles.Originality/valueThis article contributes to (1) the literature on accounting practices within health-care contexts by demonstrating a case where the accounting ideas and practices of medical professionals are coexistent and interwoven and (2) the increasing body of literature focusing on accountingization by showing how emerging calculative technologies carry performative power over medical professional work through formative (re)descriptions.
The problem of the fiscal common-pool: is there an overlap effect on state and local debt?
Authors: Shi Yu , Hendrick Rebecca 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe objective of the study is to determine if an over-borrowing bias emerges when the state fiscal base is shared by multiple general-purpose and special-purpose jurisdictions serving different groups of citizens.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses panel data from all 50 states in the US from 1997 to 2007 to estimate models of total debt levels of state governments and total debt levels of all local governments aggregated at the state level. For comparison, it also estimates total debt levels of state and local governments taken together for the same years.FindingsThis study finds that jurisdictional overlap will increase state government debt, local government debt, as well as combined state and local government debt.Originality/valueThe finding from the study suggests that the fiscal common-pool model provides a more accurate analysis and more appropriate understanding of the institutional composition at the state and local public sector, especially for the vertical dimension of the local public sector where there are more specialized and overlapping jurisdictions.
A goal programming model to study the impact of R&D expenditures on sustainability-related criteria: the case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Colapinto Cinzia , Jayaraman Raja , La Torre Davide 
Published: May 2020

PurposeMost countries face important economic, social and environmental challenges and are strongly committed to invest in research and development (R&D) activities to help support the long-run economic sustainable growth. This paper aims to extend the previous research on macro-economic growth models and introduces endogenous variables to determine the amount of investments in R&D activities.Design/methodology/approachThe model considers four different criteria and six economic sectors and aims at finding the optimal allocation of labor across different sectors. The model also endogenously determines the amount of investments in pollution abatement activities together with energy-related R&D efforts. The paper presents an application to the case of Kazakhstan, an emerging Asian country, that aims to become one of the top 30 most developed countries in the world by 2050.FindingsThe model shows the limits of the Kazakh agenda that identified too ambitious goals as the country has to go through a sociotechnical transition that involves a range of modifications in institutional structures, together with changes in user practices and the technological dimension. Kazakhstan should invest more in R&D activities able to develop sustainable energy sources to face the current electricity consumption demand and to reduce the greenhouse gas emission in the future.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable knowledge for researchers and policy makers interested in the impact of R&D on the long-run economic sustainable growth.