bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection
Authors: Jia Xingwang , Zhang Pengjun , Tian Yaping , Wang Junli , Zeng Huadong , Wang Jun , Liu Jiao , Chen Zeyan , Zhang Lijun , He Haihong , He Kunlun , Liu Yajie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuick, simple and accurate diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 is very important for the screening and therapy of patients. Although several methods were performed in clinical practice, however, the IgM and IgG diagnostic value evaluation was little performed. 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study. 24 patients with positive and 33 patients with negative nucleic acid test. The positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid was 42.10%. The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. The results were significantly higher than the nucleic acid or IgM, IgG single detection. hsCRP in the COVID-19 nucleic acid negative group showed significantly higher than the positive groups (P=0.0298). AST in the COVID-19 IgM negative group showed significantly lower than the positive groups (P=0.0365). We provided a quick, simple, accurate aided detection method for the suspected patients and on-site screening in close contact with the population.
Closed environments facilitate secondary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Nishiura Hiroshi , Oshitani Hitoshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Saito Tomoya , Sunagawa Tomimasa , Matsui Tamano , Wakita Takaji ,   MHLW COVID-19 Response Team, Suzuki Motoi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify common features of cases with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) so as to better understand what factors promote secondary transmission including superspreading events.MethodsA total of 110 cases were examined among eleven clusters and sporadic cases, and investigated who acquired infection from whom. The clusters included four in Tokyo and one each in Aichi, Fukuoka, Hokkaido, Ishikawa, Kanagawa and Wakayama prefectures. The number of secondary cases generated by each primary case was calculated using contact tracing data.ResultsOf the 110 cases examined, 27 (24.6%) were primary cases who generated secondary cases. The odds that a primary case transmitted COVID-19 in a closed environment was 18.7 times greater compared to an open-air environment (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0, 57.9).ConclusionsIt is plausible that closed environments contribute to secondary transmission of COVID-19 and promote superspreading events. Our findings are also consistent with the declining incidence of COVID-19 cases in China, as gathering in closed environments was prohibited in the wake of the rapid spread of the disease.
A simple model to assess Wuhan lock-down effect and region efforts during COVID-19 epidemic in China Mainland
Authors: Yuan Zheming , Xiao Yi , Dai Zhijun , Huang Jianjun , Chen Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince COVID-19 emerged in early December, 2019 in Wuhan and swept across China Mainland, a series of large-scale public health interventions, especially Wuhan lock-down combined with nationwide traffic restrictions and Stay At Home Movement, have been taken by the government to control the epidemic. Based on Baidu Migration data and the confirmed cases data, we identified two key factors affecting the later (e.g February 27, 2020) cumulative confirmed cases in non-Wuhan region (y). One is the sum travelers from Wuhan during January 20 to January 26 (x1), which had higher infected probability but lower transmission ability because the human-to-human transmission risk of COVID-19 was confirmed and announced on January 20. The other is the “seed cases” from Wuhan before January 19, which had higher transmission ability and could be represented with the confirmed cases before January 29 (x2) due to a mean 10-day delay between infection and detection. A simple yet effective regression model then was established as follow: y= 70.0916+0.0054×x1+2.3455×x2 (n = 44, R2 = 0.9330, P<10−7). Even the lock-down date only delay or in advance 3 days, the estimated confirmed cases by February 27 in non-Wuhan region will increase 35.21% or reduce 30.74% - 48.59%. Although the above interventions greatly reduced the human mobility, Wuhan lock-down combined with nationwide traffic restrictions and Stay At Home Movement do have a determining effect on the ongoing spread of COVID-19 across China Mainland. The strategy adopted by China has changed the fast-rising curve of newly diagnosed cases, the international community should learn from lessons of Wuhan and experience from China. Efforts of 29 Provinces and 44 prefecture-level cities against COVID-19 were also assessed preliminarily according to the interpretive model. Big data has played and will continue playing an important role in public health.
Differentiation potential of fish fins –Effective utilization of the fins as food wastes–
Authors: Tsuruwaka Yusuke , Shimada Eriko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFish cells are largely affected by their culture media. Fibroblast-like cells obtained from the fish fins can differentiate to various kinds of cells such as skeletal muscle-like, neurofilaments and adipocytes. Our results suggest that the fins which are usually discarded as food wastes may practically applied to the clean meat technology.
The within-host viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Chentong , Xu Jinhu , Liu Jiawei , Zhou Yicang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we use a within-host viral dynamic model to describe the SARS-CoV-2 kinetics in host. Chest radiograph score data are used to estimate the parameters of that model. Our result shows that the basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 in host growth is around 3.79. Using the same method we also estimate the basic reproductive number of MERS virus is 8.16 which is higher than SARS-CoV-2. The PRCC method is used to analyze the sensitivities of model parameters and the drug effects on virus growth are also implemented to analyze the model.
Inhibition of a cortico-thalamic circuit attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in “relapse prone” male rats
Authors: Kuhn Brittany N. , Campus Paolo , Klumpner Marin S. , Chang Stephen E. , Iglesias Amanda G. , Flagel Shelly B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRelapse often occurs when individuals are exposed to stimuli or cues previously associated with the drug-taking experience. The ability of drug cues to trigger relapse is believed to be a consequence of incentive salience attribution, a process by which the incentive value of reward is transferred to the reward-paired cue. Sign-tracker (ST) rats that attribute enhanced incentive value to reward cues are more prone to relapse compared to goal-tracker (GT) rats that primarily attribute predictive value to such cues. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this individual variation in relapse propensity remains largely unexplored. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) has been identified as a critical node in the regulation of cue-elicited behaviors in STs and GTs, including cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Here we used a chemogenetic approach to assess whether “top-down” cortical input from the prelimbic cortex (PrL) to the PVT plays a role in mediating individual differences in relapse propensity. Chemogenetic inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway selectively decreased cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in STs, without affecting behavior in GTs. In contrast, cocaine-primed drug-seeking behavior was not affected in either phenotype. Furthermore, when rats were characterized based on a different behavioral phenotype – locomotor response to novelty – inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway had no effect on either cue- or drug-induced reinstatement. These results highlight an important role for the PrL-PVT pathway in vulnerability to relapse that is driven by individual differences in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to discrete reward cues.
Canonical Wnt Signaling is Involved in Anterior Regeneration of the AnnelidAeolosoma viride
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yi , Yueh Wei-Ting , Chen Jiun-Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnnelids are regenerative animals, but the underlying mechanisms await to be discovered. Because Wnt pathway is involved in animal regeneration to varying extents, we usedAeolosoma virideto interrogate whether and how this pathway plays a role in annelid anterior regeneration. We found that the expression ofwnt4,β-cateninand nuclear-localized β-catenin protein were up-regulated during blastemal formation and down-regulated as anterior structures gradually reformed. Consistent with potential Wnt activities in the blastema, treatments with either Wnt pathway activator (azakenpaullone) or inhibitor (XAV939) inhibited head regeneration, which further supports a role of Wnt pathway during anterior regeneration. Detailed tissue-level examines demonstrated that wound closure and blastemal cell proliferation were impaired by over-activating the pathway, and that neuronal and musculature differentiation were affected under Wnt inhibition. Combined, gene expression and chemical inhibitor data suggest the presence of dynamic Wnt activities at different anterior regeneration stages: an initial low activity may be required for wound closure, and the following activation may signal blastemal formation and cell differentiation. In a nutshell, we propose that the canonical Wnt signaling regulates blastemal cellular responses during annelid regeneration.
Effects of weather-related social distancing on city-scale transmission of respiratory viruses
Authors: Jackson Michael L. , Hart Gregory R. , McCulloch Denise J. , Adler Amanda , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Fay Kairsten , Han Peter , Lacombe Kirsten , Lee Jover , Sibley Thomas , Nickerson Deborah A. , Rieder Mark J. , Starita Lea , Englund Janet A. , Bedford Trevor , Chu Helen , Famulare Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnusually high snowfall in western Washington State in February 2019 led to widespread school and workplace closures. We assessed the impact of social distancing caused by this extreme weather event on the transmission of respiratory viruses.METHODSResidual specimens from patients evaluated for acute respiratory illness at hospitals in the Seattle metropolitan area were screened for a panel of respiratory viruses. Transmission models were fit to each virus, with disruption of contact rates and care-seeking informed by data on local traffic volumes and hospital admissions.RESULTSDisruption in contact patterns reduced effective contact rates during the intervention period by 16% to 95%, and cumulative disease incidence through the remainder of the season by 3% to 9%. Incidence reductions were greatest for viruses that were peaking when the disruption occurred and least for viruses in early epidemic phase.CONCLUSIONHigh-intensity, short-duration social distancing measures may substantially reduce total incidence in a respiratory virus epidemic if implemented near the epidemic peak.One sentence summaryDisruptions of school and work due to heavy snowfall in the Seattle metro area reduced the total size of respiratory virus epidemics by up to 9%.
Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse transcription RT-LAMP method
Authors: Yang Weihua , Dang Xiaofei , Wang Qingxi , Xu Mingjie , Zhao Qianqian , Zhou Yunying , Zhao Huailong , Wang Li , Xu Yihui , Wang Jun , Han Shuyi , Wang Min , Pei Fenyan , Wan Yunshan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently emerged life-threatening disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Real-time fluorescent PCR (RT-PCR) is the clinical standard for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection. To detect SARS-CoV-2 early and control the disease spreading on time, a faster and more convenient method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detecting, RT-LAMP method (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification) was developed. RNA reverse transcription and nucleic acid amplification were performed in one step at 63 °C isothermal conditions, and the results can be obtained within 30 minutes. ORF1ab gene, E gene and N gene were detected at the same time. ORF1ab gene was very specific and N gene was very sensitivity, so they can guarantee both sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivity of RT-LAMP assay is similar to RT-PCR, and specificity was 99% as detecting 208 clinical specimens. The RT-LAMP assay reported here has the advantages of rapid amplification, simple operation, and easy detection, which is useful for the rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
Fusion pore expansion and contraction during catecholamine release from endocrine cells
Authors: Jackson M. B. , Hsiao Y.-T. , Chang C.-W. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAmperometry recording reveals the exocytosis of catecholamine from individual vesicles as a sequential process, typically beginning slowly with a pre-spike foot, accelerating sharply to initiate a spike, reaching a peak, and then decaying. This complex sequence reflects the interplay between diffusion, flux through a fusion pore, and possibly dissociation from a vesicle’s densecore. In an effort to evaluate the impacts of these factors, a model was developed that combines diffusion with flux through a static pore. This model recapitulated the rapid phases of a spike, but generated relations between spike shape parameters that differed from experimental results. To explore the possibility of fusion pore dynamics, a transformation of amperometry current was introduced that yields fusion pore permeability divided by vesicle volume (g/V). Applying this transform to individual fusion events yielded a highly characteristic time course.g/Vinitially tracks the pre-spike foot and the start of the spike, increasing ∼15-fold to the peak. However, after the spike peaks,g/Vunexpectedly declines and settles to a constant value that indicates the presence of a stable post-spike pore.g/Vof the post-spike pore varies greatly between events, and has an average that is ∼3.5-fold below the peak value and ∼4.5-fold above the pre-spike value. The post-spike pore persists andg/Vremains flat for tens of milliseconds, as long as catecholamine flux can be detected. Applying theg/Vtransform to rare events with two peaks revealed a stepwise increase ing/Vduring the second peak. Theg/Vtransform offers an interpretation of amperometric current in terms of fusion pore dynamics and provides a new framework for analyzing the actions of proteins that alter spike shape. The stable post-spike pore conforms with predictions from lipid bilayer elasticity, and offers an explanation for previous reports of prolonged hormone retention within fusing vesicles.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEAmperometry recordings of catecholamine release from single vesicles reveal a complex waveform with distinct phases. The role of the fusion pore in this waveform is poorly understood. A model based on a static fusion pore fails to recapitulate important aspects of the waveform. A new transform of amperometric current introduced here renders fusion pore permeability in real time. This transform reveals rich dynamic behavior of the fusion pore as catecholamine leaves a vesicle. This analysis shows that fusion pore permeability rapidly increases and then decreases before settling into a stable post-spike configuration.
HCN domain is required for HCN channel expression and couples voltage- and cAMP-dependent gating mechanisms
Authors: Wang Ze-Jun , Blanco Ismary , Hayoz Sebastien , Brelidze Tinatin I. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTHyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are major regulators of synaptic plasticity, and rhythmic activity in the heart and brain. Opening of HCN channels requires membrane hyperpolarization and is further facilitated by intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs). In HCN channels, membrane hyperpolarization is sensed by the membrane-spanning voltage sensor domain (VSD) and the cNMP-dependent gating is mediated by the intracellular cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) connected to the pore-forming S6 transmembrane domain via the C-linker. Previous functional analysis of HCN channels suggested a direct or allosteric coupling between the voltage- and cNMP-dependent activation mechanisms. However, the specifics of the coupling were unclear. The first cryo-EM structure of an HCN1 channel revealed that a novel structural element, dubbed HCN domain (HCND), forms a direct structural link between the VSD and C-linker/CNBD. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of the HCND. Deletion of the HCND prevented surface expression of HCN2 channels. Based on the HCN1 structure analysis, we identified R237 and G239 residues on the S2 of the VSD that form direct interactions with I135 on the HCND. Disrupting these interactions abolished HCN2 currents. We then identified three residues on the C-linker/CNBD (E478, Q382 and H559) that form direct interactions with residues R154 and S158 on the HCND. Disrupting these interactions affected both voltage- and cAMP-dependent gating of HCN2 channels. These findings indicate that the HCND is necessary for the surface expression of HCN channels, and provides a functional link between the voltage- and cAMP-dependent mechanisms of HCN channel gating.
Cost assessment of multi-tenancy for a 5G broadband network in a dense urban area
Authors: Rendon Schneir Juan , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Bradford Julie , Zimmermann Gerd , Droste Heinz , Canto Palancar Rafael , Ajibulu Ade 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
5G systems will enable an improved transmission performance and the delivery of advanced communication services. To meet the expected requirements, operators will need to invest in network modernisation, with the radio access network being the most expensive network component. One possible way for operators to reduce this investment would be via sharing of resources by means of a multi-tenancy concept. This implies that a mobile service provider may use the common infrastructure of one or various infrastructure providers, whereby it provides services to multiple tenants. This paper aims to study the expected cost savings in terms of capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) that can be achieved when using a cloudified 5G multi-tenant network.

Design/methodology/approach
A cost model was used. The study period is 2020-2030 and the study area consists of three local districts in central London, UK.

Findings
This paper describes that the total cost reduction achieved when using multi-tenancy for a 5G broadband network in comparison with the case where operators make the investment independently ranges from 5.2% to 15.5%.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is needed to assess the cost implications of network sharing for 5G on a regional or nationwide basis.

Originality/value
Very little quantitative research about the cost implications of network sharing under 5G networks has been published so far. This paper sheds light on the economic benefits of multi-tenancy in a 5G broadband network.
Nonprofit organization fraud reporting: does governance matter?
Authors: Abu Khadra Husam , Delen Dursun 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the extant literature in this field by examining nonprofit organizations’ fraud reporting compliance using logistic regression and decision tree induction algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the data from 428 nonprofit organizations during 2009-2015 period, and analyzed 21 individual measures (obtained from these organizations’ Internal Revenue Service Form990 filings) using logistic regression and decision tree induction algorithms, to study the governance characteristics and fraud reporting.FindingsThe study found evidence that compliance with the law, board of directors’ independence, federal audit and using independent accountants to compile and review financial statements are the most prevailing factors affecting the odds of nonprofit organizations experiencing fraud reported as an asset diversion.Originality/valueThe argument associated with using governance to reduce the chances of fraud has been a popular topic in industry and academia but unfortunately has limited empirical evidence in the literature, especially when it relates to nonprofits. This study contributes to the literature in this respect.
Socioeconomic evaluation of green energy investments
Authors: Skordoulis Michalis , Ntanos Stamatis , Arabatzis Garyfallos 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore citizens’ willingness to invest in photovoltaics.

Design/methodology/approach
To meet the aim of the research, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the island of Evia in Greece using the method of random stratified sampling. A total of 366 responses were analyzed using both descriptive and inductive statistics methods, such as principal components analysis, K-means cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression.

Findings
The research results indicate that 73per cent of the respondents would invest in renewable energy sources, whereas 55per cent of them would specifically invest in photovoltaics. Regarding their views on photovoltaics, three components were extracted; photovoltaics positive effects, facilitations for investments in photovoltaics and photovoltaics’ performance. Area of residence, annual income and the above-mentioned three components of views on photovoltaics were found to be statistically significant for the dichotomous variable of willingness to invest in photovoltaics. Among the examined variables, photovoltaics performance found to contribute the most in increasing respondents’ willingness to invest in photovoltaics.

Originality/value
The study filled the literature gap concerning citizens’ willingness to invest in photovoltaics in Greece. Furthermore, the research results made feasible to understand the factors that can lead in an investment decision for photovoltaics.
Health care expenditure and child mortality in Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun Oluyemi Theophilus , Faboya Omolara Morounkeji 
Published: March 2020

PurposeHealth improves the proficiency and output generated by individuals. It also raises physical as well as mental abilities, which are required for the growth and advancement of any economy. Many infant diseases have been recognised via contemporary technology in a bid to tackle these diseases. However, children within the African continent (Including Nigeria) die en masse from diseases. This has made the government of Nigeria allocate sizeable part of the nation's budget to healthcare system. The allocation to health is, however, yet to translate to improved health condition for Nigerians. It does not measure up to the World Health Organization's (WHO) standards for apportioning budget to the health sector. This study also analyses empirically the impact of healthcare expenses on the mortality level of infants as well as Nigeria's neonatal mortality level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on Nigeria. Vector auto regression model techniques, unit root tests and cointegration test were carried out using time series date for the period between 1986 and 2016.FindingsThe outcome has revealed that expenditure on healthcare possesses a negative correlation with the mortality of infants and neonates. The study discovers that if the Nigerian government raises and maintains health expenditure specifically on activities focused on minimising infant mortality, it will translate to reduction in infant mortality in Nigeria.Originality/valueThis paper has contributed exhaustively to solution to poor expenditure on healthcare, especially child mortality, in Nigeria.