bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-26 Changes in growth performance, cytokine profile and eating and drinking behaviors of growing pigs subjected to an induced heat stress
Authors: Anderson Lauren E , Holt Jonathan P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine effects of induced heat stress on growth performance, cytokine profile and eating and drinking behaviors of growing pigs. Pigs (n = 32; average BW =42.25±0.78 kg) were housed individually in thermo-neutral conditions (CON) or subjected to constant high ambient temperatures (mean 81.7°F) for 15 d (HS), followed by a 7 d recovery period (mean 68.6°F). Pig weights and feed disappearance were recorded on d 0, 8, 15 and 22 for calculations of ADG, ADFI and GF. Blood samples were taken via venipuncture on d 2, 8, 15 and 22, and serum was analyzed for cytokine profile by multiplex-ELISA. Four pigs per treatment were video-recorded on d 2, 6, 9, 16 and 21 for 2 h at 800, 1300 and 1600. Frequency and duration of eating and drinking were recorded. HS pigs had lower ADFI (1.97 kg/d) and ADG (0.91 kg/d) compared to CON pigs (2.39 and 1.11 kg/d, respectively) during wk 1. HS pigs had lower ADFI (2.24 kg/d) during the recovery period compared to CON (2.74 kg/d) pigs. During the overall trial period, HS pigs had lower ADFI (2.30 kg/d) and ADG (0.99 kg/d) compared to CON pigs (2.69 and 1.14 kg/d, respectively), however, GF for HS pigs (0.43) was not different from CON (0.42). HS pigs had increased IL1β (617 pg/mL) and IL12 (1380 pg/mL) compared to CON pigs (248 and 1127 pg/mL, respectively). IL8 was increased for CON (1340 pg/mL) compared to HS (522 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.001). HS pigs ate less frequently in the morning (2 times/h) compared to CON pigs (4.1 times/h; time x treatment interaction, P = 0.003). Regardless of treatment, drinking frequency increased from 1600–1800 (5.7 times/h) compared to 800–1000 (2 times/h; P &lt; 0.001). Heat stress reduces performance, increases circulating inflammatory cytokines and alters daily time of eating.
PSIII-30 Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Angus and Wagyu sired cattle raised to a similar body weight endpoint
Authors: Jaborek Jerad R , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Angus and Wagyu sired calves were used in an incomplete block design experiment to investigate breed differences for growth at a similar body weight. Cattle were individually fed a common corn silage based growing diet for 4 months and transitioned to a common finishing diet for the remainder of the study. Treatments were as follows: T1) Angus sired steers (n = 13) harvested at 612 kg, T2) Wagyu (LMR Fukutsuru 729T) sired steers (n = 4) and heifers (n = 5) harvested at 612 kg, T3) Wagyu (OW Yasufuku 229Y) sired steers (n = 5) and heifers (n = 8) harvested at 612 kg. Data were analyzed in SAS using the mixed model: Yij = μ + Ti + sj + eij, where Ti was the fixed effect of treatment, sj was the random effect of sex, and eij was the random error. Contrasts were made to compare T1 vs. T2 and T3, and T2 vs. T3. Receiving weight was greater (P ≤ 0.02) for Angus sired cattle compared to Wagyu sired cattle, and Fukutsuru sired cattle had greater (P ≤ 0.05) receiving weights compared to Yasufuku sired cattle. Off-test weights were similar across treatments (P = 0.49). Wagyu sired cattle required more days on feed (P ≤ 0.01), resulting in a greater age at harvest (P ≤ 0.01) compared to Angus sired cattle. Fukutsuru sired cattle tended to require fewer days on feed (P = 0.07) and be younger at harvest (P = 0.10) compared to Yasufuku sired cattle. Angus sired cattle had greater ADG (P ≤ 0.01), DMI (P ≤ 0.01), and G:F (P ≤ 0.02) compared to Wagyu sired cattle. Angus sired cattle had a lesser percentage of KPH fat (P ≤ 0.01) and tended to have more desirable YG scores (P = 0.06) compared to Wagyu sired cattle. Wagyu sired cattle had greater marbling scores (P ≤ 0.01) compared to Angus sired cattle, while Yasufuku sired cattle had greater marbling scores compared to Fukutsuru sired cattle.
PSVIII-23 High-density SNP marker based genetic diversity and population structure study of reindeer populations
Authors: Kharzinova Veronika R , Dotsev Arsen V , Solovieva Anastasiya , Wimmers Klaus , Reyer Henry , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wild reindeer populations form the basis of the traditional activities of indigenous peoples of the northern territories of Siberia, the main part of which is concentrated in two large regions: Taimyr and Northern Yakutia. Currently, there is a sharp decline in the number of wild reindeer, which leads to a loss of the genetic diversity necessary for survival in the changing habitat conditions. To infer the population structure and genome-wide diversity of wild reindeer, the Taymyr (TAI, n = 33) and Yakut populations including Tundra Leno-Olenek (LNO, n = 20), the Island (ISL, n = 6), the Sundrun (SUN, n = 6) and the Taiga (TGA, n = 5) were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD BeadChip. Data set consisting of 8801 polymorphic SNP markers was used to calculate population genetic parameters in PLINK 1.9, SplitsTree 4.14.6. software, R packages “diveRsity” and “StAMMP.” We detected the similar level of observed heterozygosity across the TAI, ISL, SUN and LNO: 0.187, 0.188, 0.184, and 0.189 respectively. Meanwhile, allelic richness was slightly higher in Taimyr population compared to the Yakut groups. The lowest level of genetic diversity was recorded in the Taiga reindeer (Ho=0.168; Ar = 1.476). All populations showed heterozygotes deficiency (uFIS 95%, CI &gt; 0) with higher uFIS values in TGA (0.079). MDS analysis revealed the high level of genetic similarity of TAI, ISL and LNO and placed SUN in close proximity to them. The first and the second MDS components (2.36% and 2.15% of the genetic variability) clearly divided the Taiga reindeer, the genetic apartness of which was also confirmed by the results of the Neighbour-Net tree analysis. Information obtained here, might be helpful for further effective use and maintenance of the reindeer populations as well as for overcoming the negative effects of decreasing their number. The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation within Pr. no. 16-16-10068.
PSVIII-8 Effects of heat stress and arginine on intestinal morphology and hepatic metabolism in finishing pigs
Authors: Wang Li , Xiong Yunxia , Yi Hongbo , Wen Xiaolu , Gao Kaiguo , Jiang Zongyong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat stress can affect growth performance and some physiological metabolism in finishing pigs. In this study, we investigated the effects of intermittent heat stress and arginine on the growth performance, intestinal health and liver metabolism of finishing pigs. Forty-eight Landrace barrow pigs (about 70kg) were randomly assigned to 6 groups, each group 8 pigs. The pigs were treated as follows: (1) LR (fed ad libitum at 22°C), (2) HR (ad libitum fed at 35°C), (3) LL(at 22°C, but fed the amount consumed by those kept at 35°C), (4) LR+1% Arg, (5) HR+1%Arg, (6) LL+1%Arg. The temperature of HR and HR+1%Arg groups was controlled for cycles of 35 ± 2 ℃ for 12 hours, 22 ± 2 ℃ for the other 12 hours. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the ADFI and ADG of pigs in LR group were much higher than those in HR group or LL group, the latter having the highest F:G (P &lt; 0.05). Jejunal HE staining results showed that heat stress decreased the villus height of jejunum and villus height to crypt depth ratio, adding 1% arginine can alleviate the damage by heat stress (P &lt; 0.05). Heat stress decreased the abundance of transcripts of tight junction protein ZO-1, occludin and mucin-2 in the mucosa of the jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, dietary arginine supplementation increased occludin transcripts (P &lt; 0.05). The results of hepatic metabolomics showed that heat stress significantly affected the metabolism of carbohydrate, energy and protein of liver (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these data indicated that intermittent heat stress has negatively influence on the intestinal health and liver metabolism of finishing pigs, and adding 1% arginine had a positive effect on intestinal mucosal morphology caused by heat stress.
PSVIII-11 Transcriptome profiling of bovine satellite cell differentiation in Hanwoo longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscle
Authors: Chung Ki Yong , Lee Eun Mi , Kwon Eung Gi , Han Man Hi , Heras-Saldana Sara , Gondro Cedric 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hanwoo, Korean native cattle, have been known for high intramuscular adipose tissue compare to other beef cattle. Bovine satellite cells (BSC) of longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) tissues differentiated from myoblast into multinucleated myotubes has different characteristics under cell culture system. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) of the two muscle tissues were compared based on 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours. Difference in the index between LD and SM BSC at each time point were tested with an analysis of variance for a model fitting time (day), tissue and the interaction between time and tissue. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significantly different. There were 640 genes difference in 4 Day with the lowest DEG, 442 in Up and 198 in Down. There were 2,755 genes difference in 7 Day and 879 genes in Up and 1876 genes in Down. The differential expression of actin alpha 1 (ACTA1), actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and myosin light chain phosphorylated fast skeletal muscle (MYLPF) genes (P &lt; 0.05) were involved in the differentiation of SM greater than those of LD muscle. However, we found the same pattern in the transcription levels of myogenine (MYOG), myogenic differentiation 1(MYOD), and myogenic regulatory factors 6 (MYF6) for both muscles. There were more difference in the enriched Gene ontology terms cell cycle, proliferation and G2/M transition of mitotic during the end of proliferation compare to myoblast differentiation. Our finding provide evidence that the differential expression in of ACTA1, ACTC1, MMP2, and MYLPF genes could be involved in the differentiation of LD and SM muscles. This data indicated that the origin of the BSC were epigenetically improved during the myogenic development of LD and SM
PSIV-B-37 Late-Breaking: Dietary organic and medium chain fatty acids as antibiotic substitutes improve growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets orally challenged with Escherichia coli K88
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Tang Chaohua , Han Yunsheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and medium chain fatty acids (OMCFA) as antibiotic substitutes on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, and ileum microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Over 28 days, 150 weaned piglets (28-day old, 8.80 ± 0.19 kg) were allocated to five treatments (with five replicates of six piglets each): negative basal diet (NBD), positive basal diet (PBD), antibiotic growth promoters diet (AGPD, BD+0.04 g/kg zinc bacitracin, 0.03 g/kg chlortetracycline, and 0.05 g/kg kitasamycin), OMCFA 1 diet (BD+0.2% OMCFA, OMCFA is a synergistic blend of a phenolic compound, slow release C12, target release butyrates, formic, acetic, lactic, propionic, citric, sorbic acid), and OMCFA 2 diet (Day 1 to 14: BD+0.8% OMCFA, Day 15 to 28: BD+0.6% OMCFA). On the 15th day, piglets in the PBD, AGPD, OMCFA 1, and OMCFA 2 treatment groups were orally challenged with 20 mL Escherichia coli K88 (108 CFU/mL). Body weight on day 14 and average daily gain from 1st to 14th day of the subjects in the AGPD and OMCFA 1 groups were higher than those in the NBD and PBD groups (P &lt; 0.05). Diarrhea rate after challenge was lower in the AGPD group than PBD one, and there was no significant difference between the AGPD and OMCFA 1 group. OMCFA decreased total leukocytes and the percentage of neutrophils (P &lt; 0.05), increased the percentage of lymphocytes (P &lt; 0.05), on day 14, and increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, compared with PBD group. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that OMCFA might stabilize the ileum microbiota caused by E. coli K88 challenge. These results indicated that OMCFA could be used as potential alternatives to AGPs in weaned piglets.
PSIV-B-33 Late-Breaking: Effects of dietary flavor in the commercial nursery diet on immune responses and gut microbiota of weaned pigs
Authors: Kim Soyun , Hung Alex , Lee Jongmoon , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Sheena , Kim Byeonghyeon , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Baek Jangryeol , Kyoung Hyunjin , Park Sangwoo , Seo Dongoh , Choe Jeehwan , Kim Younghoon , Song Minho 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary flavor on immune responses and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 72 weaned pigs (initial BW = 6.66 ± 0.32 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 9 replicates/treatment) in randomized complete block design (block = BW). The dietary treatments were 1) a commercial diet based on corn and soybean meal with spray dried plasma, fish meal, and zinc oxide (CON) and 2) CON + 0.05% flavor (FLA) containing milky cream flavor (Luctarom®, Lucta Guangzhou, China). Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 6 weeks. Blood was collected from randomly selected one pig in each pen on d 0, 7, and 14 after weaning. Three pigs per dietary treatment were randomly selected to collect feces on the last day of the experiment to verify their gut microbiota. Measurements were the number of white blood cells (WBC) by an automated hematology analyzer calibrated for porcine blood and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and cortisol by the ELISA and gut microbiota by metagenomics analysis with pyrosequencing. The immune responses data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. The gut microbiota data were analyzed using CLcommunity program. Pigs fed FLA had lower WBC on d 7 (P &lt; 0.10) and 14 (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-α on d 7 (P &lt; 0.10), and IL-6 on d 7 (P &lt; 0.10) than those fed CON. The FLA increased (P &lt; 0.05) phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Clostridium in gut microbiota of weaned pigs compared with CON, but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Prevotella. In conclusion, the addition of dietary flavor in the commercial diet modified immune responses and modulated gut microbiota of weaned pigs.
PSIX-19 Effects of ValiMP® supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Park Min Young , Choi Sun-woo , Kim Jonggun , Kwak Minjin , Whang Kwang-Youn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ValiMP® is a mixture of phytochemical compounds containing manganese. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of ValiMP® on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. The trial was conducted in a 2x3 factorial design with two levels of CP (LP, 15% or HP, 16%), and three types of supplements (Control; 10 ppm ractopamine; or 0.25% ValiMP®). Dietary treatments were: LC (Low CP+control), LR (Low CP+ractopamine), LV (Low CP+ValiMP®), HC (High CP+control), HR (High CP+ractopamine), HV (High CP+ValiMP®). A total of 144 growing pigs at 50 kg initial body weight (BW) were allotted and fed one of the experimental diets for 70 days. But ractopamine in LR and HR treatments was supplemented during the last 35 days. BW and feed intake were measured weekly, and pork quality was determined in longissimus dorsi muscle. All values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA procedure of SAS 9.4 software and differences at P &lt; 0.05 level were considered significantly different. Results showed dietary ractopamine or ValiMP® supplementation numerically promoted growth performance compared to control in HP treatments, although the extent was lesser in ValiMP® treatment. Ractopamine or ValiMP® also improved carcass composition in HP compared to LP. Lean percentage in HR was higher than in LR by 4.3%, and it was greater in HV than in LV by 5.9%, (P &lt; 0.05). These changes occurred at the expense of fat percentage (P &lt; 0.05). Among pork quality criteria, water-holding capacity determined by filter-paper fluid uptake method was significantly lower in HV than those in HC and HR (P &lt; 0.05). Warner-Bratzler shear force, an indicative for meat tenderness, exhibited lower values in HV and HC than that in HR (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, our results suggest ValiMP® improves growth performance and carcass composition with lesser extent to ractopamine, and pork quality more than ractopamine.
PSIX-16 Effects of dietary cadmium on production performance, hepatic injury and tissue residue in laying hens
Authors: Zhang Bei-Yu , Tao Can , Wei Xiao-Tian , Zhang Ni-Ya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with destructive impact on many organ systems, such as chronic kidney diseases, liver diseases, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and so on. The liver is the target organ of cadmium exposure. This study was performed to evaluate the adverse effects of prolonged high intake of dietary cadmium on production performance, serum biochemistry, liver antioxidant status, histopathology and the residue in liver and eggs in laying hens. 72 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 40 weeks were randomly allocated to four groups, with three replicates of six birds. Each group was fed a corn-soy basal diet (BD) and an oral dose of Cd at 0, 15, 30, 60 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks, respectively. Results revealed that the administration of 60 mg/kg Cd had no significant influences (P &gt; 0.05) on production performance. Compared with the control, dietary Cd significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, compared with the control, hepatic glutathione peroxide (GPX) activities were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) when supplemented Cd over 15 mg/kg, and glutathione (GSH) was only decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in 30 mg/kg Cd group. Hepatic histopathology also showed hepatic injury, mild vasculitis and a small amount of lymphocyte infiltration occurred in the liver tissue in 15 mg/kg Cd group and the symptoms were exacerbated with the increased dose. In the 60 mg/kg group, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and mild congestion were also observed. The residue of Cd in the liver and yolk were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing concentration of dietary Cd. In conclusion, hepatic injuries in laying hens were induced when diets supplemented with Cd up to 15 mg/kg. Cd levels also managed to accumulated in liver and yolk of laying hens.
PSIX-37 Evaluation of reducing dietary crude protein concentrations coupled with increasing essential amino acids on growth performance in fattening pigs
Authors: Hong S-M , Jung D , You S-J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A body of evidence suggests that low-protein diets in swine have benefits in view of environmental stewardship and economic returns. The present study was performed to evaluate essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation in the diets with reducing crude protein (CP) concentrations on growth performance in fattening pigs. We hypothesized that a low-CP diet with elevated EAA concentrations would result in similar growth performance in fattening pigs compared with a normal CP diet. Eighty finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 72.0 ± 5.34 kg were assigned in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates to test 4 dietary treatments: 1) 15.5% CP with EAA concentration at 109% of NRC requirement (control); 2) 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 111% of NRC requirement (EAA111); 3) 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 113% of NRC requirement (EAA113); and 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 115% of NRC requirement (EAA115). The diets were isocaloric, whereas crystalline amino acids, L-Lys, L-Met, L-Thr, L-Trp, and L-Val were added to the diets to achieve the varying levels of EAA in the treatments. The Lys-to-net energy ratio in the diets was maintained at 3.06, 3.12, 3.18, and 3.24 to the control, EAA111, EAA113, and EAA115, respectively. Dietary treatments did not affect final BW. Additionally, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were similar across the treatments. On average, pigs fed the control and EAA111 numerically decreased FCR compared to those fed EAA113 and 115 (3.21 vs. 3.35, respectively; P = 0.46). Total feed cost throughout the experiment was $9.0/head lessen in EAA111 relative to the control; however, total feed costs to EAA113 and EAA115 were greater than the control. In summary, a low-CP diet with increased EAA supplementations did not have any negative impact on growth performance of fattening pigs.
PSVII-26 Effects of different probiotics on laying performance, egg quality, oxidative status, and gut health in laying hens
Authors: Xiang Quanhang , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With recent bans on the use of growth-promoting use of antibiotics, alternative strategies are needed to improve the performance of agricultural animals. Here, the effects of dietary supplementation with several probiotic organisms (Clostridium butyricum, a complex of Saccharomyces boulardii, and Pediococcus acidilactici) on laying performance, egg quality, oxidative status, and gut health in laying hens. A total of 8,208 Lohmann pink laying hens, at 180 days of age, were divided into 3 treatment groups, each group was replicated 12 times (n = 228). Hens in the control group (CON) were provided a basic diet devoid of added antibiotics and probiotics. Treatment group (A) received the same base diet supplemented with 0.5g/kg C. butyricum, and the diets of treatment group (B) supplemented with S. boulardii (0.05g/kg) and P. acidilactici (0.1g/kg) for the entirety of the 5-week trial. The data indicated that C. butyricum supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in ADFI, a significant increase in feed conversion, eggshell strength, and the CP% of albumen (dry matter, DM) relative to CON. The probiotic treated hens exhibited decreased ROS levels in ileum, cecum, and reduced MDA in serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum may be beneficial with respect to hen performance, egg quality, and gut health.