bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dirac’s theorem for random regular graphs
Authors: Condon Padraig , Espuny Díaz Alberto , Girão António , Kühn Daniela , Osthus Deryk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe prove a ‘resilience’ version of Dirac’s theorem in the setting of random regular graphs. More precisely, we show that whenever d is sufficiently large compared to
$\epsilon > 0$
, a.a.s. the following holds. Let
$G'$
be any subgraph of the random n-vertex d-regular graph
$G_{n,d}$
with minimum degree at least
$$(1/2 + \epsilon )d$$
. Then
$G'$
is Hamiltonian.This proves a conjecture of Ben-Shimon, Krivelevich and Sudakov. Our result is best possible: firstly the condition that d is large cannot be omitted, and secondly the minimum degree bound cannot be improved.
Novel use of Konar-multifunctional occluder
Authors: Mukherji Aritra , Chattopadhyay Amitabha , Ghosh Sanjiban , Mohapatra Soumya Kanti , De Arnab , Singhi Anil Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Lifetech Konar-multifunctional occluder is a novel device which is primarily used for the closure of ventricular septal defects. Being “multifunctional”, the occluder has the potential to be useful in various structural cardiac defects.Materials and methods:We share our retrospective review from two centres regarding non-conventional usage of multifunctional occluders in CHD. Eight patients who underwent interventions using multifunctional occluders for lesions other than ventricular septal defects between March 2019 to September 2019 were included in the study. The patients were analysed based on demography, the size and type of lesion, procedural success, and development of complications. All patients were followed up in the outpatient department for a minimum period of 6 months.Results:The median age and weight of the cohort were 3.2 years and 9 kg, respectively. Six patients had patent ductus arteriosus, while one patient had aorto-pulmonary window and one had a coronary arterio-venous fistula. The sizing of the occluders and the procedural approach were based on the underlying pathology. The most commonly used occluder was 6 × 4 mm variant. One patient had successful implantation but had significant intra-device residual flow and was thus replaced by a different occluder. There were no major complications, nor any incidences of device embolisation or malposition. On follow-up, all patients had uneventful course.Conclusion:Konar-multifunctional occluder can be safely used in lesions other than ventricular septal defects, when needed under specific circumstances. Its unique characteristics make it a versatile choice in a variety of cardiac lesions.
Does labelling of healthy foods on menus using symbols promote better choices at the point-of-purchase?
Authors: Roy Rajshri , Alassadi Deema 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Take-away foods account for a significant proportion of dietary intake among young adults (18–35 years). Young adults want nutrition information at the point-of-purchase (POP); however, it is either unavailable, perceived as ineffective or difficult to use. The present study examined whether symbols on university food outlet menus identifying healthier options would increase their sales and consumer’s awareness of these symbols, purchasing factors and barriers to eating healthy foods.Design:Repeated-measures, comparison group, quasi-experimental study.Setting:Two carefully matched university food outlets were analysed to determine the targeted items. Tick symbols ✓ were placed next to the targeted items in the experimental outlet. No changes were made at the comparison outlet. Customers were surveyed at the experimental outlet. Food sales were collected for 4 weeks from both outlets at baseline and during the intervention. Food sales were also collected from the experimental outlet 10 weeks later.Participants:Food outlet patrons.Results:Significant increases in food sales were observed during observation 3 compared with observation 1 (P= 0·0004) and observation 2 (P= 0·0002). Sixty-eight per cent of respondents noticed the symbols, and of that, 30 % reported being influenced. Taste was the most common purchasing factor, and people were less likely to select taste as a factor if they were influenced by the symbols (P= 0·04).Conclusions:Identifying healthier options with a symbol at the POP increased sales over time. Several purchasing factors (price, taste and healthy food availability) need to be addressed to improve the food selection of young adults.
Towards more comprehensive health law and policy research
Authors: Brooks Eleanor , de Ruijter Anniek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this comment, and drawing on the papers in the special issue, we ask: what are the core questions for the future of research into health law and policy, and European health law and policy more specifically? We first sketch the general functions and values of health law and policy. We then outline how these functions and values are affected by globalisation and Europeanisation, on the one hand, and technological change and digitalisation, on the other. In light of these developments we carve out some questions for future research and the implications of this agenda for the academic community that is working on European health law and policy.
Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Land Use Changes and Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tropical Lowlands Inferred From Radiocarbon
Authors: Finstad Kari , van Straaten Oliver , Veldkamp Edzo , McFarlane Karis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical forests account for a large portion of the Earth's terrestrial carbon pool. However, rapid deforestation threatens the stability of this carbon. We examine radiocarbon (Δ14C) and stable carbon (δ13C) isotopes of soil organic matter to provide insight into rates of carbon turnover, inputs, and losses of pasture‐derived (C4) versus forest or oil palm‐derived (C3) carbon. Data are presented for natural lowland forests on mineral soil converted to pastures in Peru and to oil palm plantations in Peru, Indonesia, and Cameroon. We additionally examine plots of secondary forests following agricultural use. There were large losses in carbon stocks under both pasture and oil palms. In the plots converted to pasture, our data indicate a preferential loss of relatively young carbon, and a greater loss of forest‐derived carbon than replacement with pasture‐derived carbon. Natural forests converted directly to oil palm plantations sustained losses in carbon, but Δ14C values suggest that the soil may retain a sufficient amount of newly acquired carbon to offset initial losses of young carbon. Furthermore, replacement of pastures with oil palm plantations facilitates the accumulation of young carbon, which may lead to a gradual increase in carbon stocks. The sites examined here are representative of the biophysical characteristics in roughly half of the humid tropics, suggesting that these findings may be applicable to a large area of similarly managed mineral soils in lowland tropical forests.
Meteor Radar Observations of Lunar Semidiurnal Oscillations in the Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Over Low and Equatorial Latitudes and Their Variability During Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Koushik N. , Kumar K. K. , Vineeth C. , Ramkumar G. , Subrahmanyam K. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimatology of lunar semidiurnal (LSD) oscillations is constructed using a decade of meteor radar observations over low and equatorial latitudes, and their response to sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events is discussed. Meteor radar‐measured hourly zonal and meridional winds in the 80–100 km region over Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E) and Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E) have been used to extract the LSD amplitudes during the years 2006–2015 and 2002–2012, respectively. The similarities/discrepancies in the climatology of LSD over low and equatorial latitudes as compared to Vial and Forbes lunar tidal model outputs are discussed. The present results obtained using four individual cases over Thumba and Kototabang indicate that the amplitudes of LSD show pronounced enhancement during polar vortex weakening (PVW) events rather than the conventional SSW events. Case studies presented in this study are characterized by simultaneous occurrence of enhanced LSD amplitudes and reduced solar semidiurnal (SSD) amplitudes, together with the presence of a quasi 16 day (Q16D) wave. Thus, present results corroborate the existence of nonlinear interaction between the Q16D wave and the SSD in the equatorial latitude and low‐latitude mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) region during PVW/SSW events and their potential contamination to LSD amplitudes. Further, using ground‐based magnetometer measurements from the dip equatorial site Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77°E, 0.23° dip angle), LSD amplitudes in EEJ intensities are also estimated. An excellent association is found between the temporal evolution of LSD amplitudes in zonal winds at MLT region and in the intensity of EEJ, providing a paradigmatic example of MLT‐ionosphere coupling.
A New Algorithm for Sea Ice Melt Pond Fraction Estimation From High‐Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Su Jie , Landy Jack , Leppäranta Matti , Guan Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMelt ponds occupy a large fraction of the Arctic sea ice surface during spring and summer. The fraction and distribution of melt ponds have considerable impacts on Arctic climate and ecosystem by reducing the albedo. There is an urgency to obtain improved accuracy and a wider coverage of melt pond fraction (MPF) data for studying these processes. MPF information has generally been acquired from optical imagery. Conventional MPF algorithms based on high‐resolution optical sensors have treated melt ponds as features with constant reflectance; however, the spectral reflectance of ponds can vary greatly, even at a local scale. Here we use Sentinel‐2 imagery to demonstrate those previous algorithms assuming fixed melt pond‐reflectance greatly underestimate MPF. We propose a new algorithm (“LinearPolar”) based on the polar coordinate transformation that treats melt ponds as variable‐reflectance features and calculates MPF across the vector between melt pond and bare ice axes. The angular coordinate θ of the polar coordinate system, which is only associated with pond fraction rather than reflectance, is used to determinate MPF. By comparing the new algorithm and previous methods with IceBridge optical imagery data, across a variety of Sentinel‐2 images with melt ponds at various stages of development, we show that the RMSE value of the LinearPolar algorithm is about 30% lower than for the previous algorithms. Moreover, based on a sensitivity test, the new algorithm is also less sensitive to the subjective threshold for melt pond reflectance than previous algorithms.
Why Do Benguela Niños Lead Atlantic Niños?
Authors: Illig Serena , Bachèlery Marie‐Lou , Lübbecke Joke F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the lag between warm interannual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) events in the eastern‐equatorial Atlantic, the Atlantic Niños, and the occurrence of Benguela Niños along the southwestern Angolan coast. While it is commonly agreed that both events are associated with equatorial and subsequent coastal‐trapped wave propagations driven remotely by a relaxation of the trade‐winds, it is surprising that SST anomalies off Angola tend to precede the ones in the eastern‐equatorial sector by ~1 month. To explain this counterintuitive behavior, our methodology is based on the experimentation with a Tropical Atlantic Ocean model. Using idealized wind‐stress perturbations from a composite analysis, we trigger warm equatorial and coastal events over a stationary and then, seasonally varying ocean mean‐state. In agreement with the linear dynamics, our results show that when the interannual wind‐stress forcing is restricted to the western‐central equatorial Atlantic, the model yields equatorial events leading the coastal ones. This implies that neither the differences in the ocean stratification between the two regions (thermocline depths or modal wave contributions) nor the seasonal phasing of the events explains the observed temporal sequence. Only if wind‐stress anomalies are also prescribed in the coastal fringe, the coastal warming precedes the eastern‐equatorial SST anomaly peak, emphasizing the role of the local forcing in the phenology of Benguela Niños. A weaker South‐Atlantic Anticyclone initiates the coastal warming before the development of eastern‐equatorial SST anomalies. Then, equatorward coastal wind anomalies, driven by a convergent anomalous circulation located on the warm Atlantic Niño, stop the remotely forced coastal warming prematurely.
Decadal Viscoelastic Postseismic Deformation of the 1964 Mw9.2 Alaska Earthquake
Authors: Huang Kejing , Hu Yan , Freymueller Jeffrey T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractViscoelastic postseismic deformation after the 1964 Mw9.2 Alaska earthquake extends thousands of kilometers from the rupture region and lasts for decades, providing unique opportunities to better understand the three‐dimensional rheological properties of the Alaska subduction zone. We have optimized a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study processes that control the postseismic deformation of the 1964 event. The model includes an elastic continental plate and an elastic oceanic plate, a two‐layered viscoelastic oceanic upper mantle, and a uniform viscoelastic mantle wedge. Stress‐driven afterslip is simulated by a thin weak shear zone. The viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and shear zone is represented by the bi‐viscous Burgers rheology. The model has determined the viscosities of the mantle wedge and shear zone to be 3 × 1019 Pa s and 8 × 1016 Pa s, respectively. The afterslip takes place mostly within the first 5 years after the earthquake and is up to 4 m, equivalent to a modeled earthquake of Mw8.5. Model results reveal a spatial and temporal correlation between the afterslip distribution and later slow slip events. The model predicts that the surface deformation about 200 years after the earthquake will be controlled mostly by the relocking of the fault. Further tests on the impact of lateral variation in the mantle wedge viscosity indicate that the viscosity in the continental upper mantle thousands of kilometers from the rupture area may be about an order of magnitude higher than that of the mantle wedge in the subduction zone.
Evidence for Fluid Migration During the 2016 Meinong, Taiwan, Aftershock Sequence
Authors: Hsu Y.‐F. , Huang H.‐H. , Huang M.‐H. , Tsai V. C. , Chuang R. Y. , Feng K.‐F. , Lin S.‐H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn important question of earthquake science is to what extent fluids such as water play an important role in modulating seismicity. While many models of earthquake rupture assume that fluids are critical for dynamic weakening during slip and evidence for fluids is well documented for shallow injection‐induced or hydrothermally induced earthquakes, there has been limited conclusive evidence for the role of fluids for tectonic earthquakes in the middle‐to‐lower crust. Here, we provide evidence for fluid migration during the 2016 Meinong, Taiwan, aftershock sequence, occurring at 10–20 km depth within a classic fold‐and‐thrust belt. We find high Vp/Vs ratios, characteristic of highly fluid saturated regions, in the Meinong aftershock region and that the Vp/Vs ratios in the central aftershock region change with time during the aftershock sequence. The central aftershock sequence distinguishes itself from other aftershocks by having a swarm‐like magnitude distribution and aftershock decay rate, as well as a slower migration rate that may be related to fluid diffusion. The estimated permeability (~3.8 × 10−15 m2) and temporal changes in Vp/Vs suggest that moderate earthquakes may be able to strongly affect permeabilities in the midcrust. The results also suggest that fluid processes play a critical role in regulating seismicity in a classic continental collision tectonic setting and may also have a role in modifying earthquake hazards more generally.
Hypogenic Versus Epigenic Origin of Deep Underwater Caves Illustrated by the Hranice Abyss (Czech Republic)—The World's Deepest Freshwater Cave
Authors: Klanica Radek , Kadlec Jaroslav , Tábořík Petr , Mrlina Jan , Valenta Jan , Kováčiková Světlana , Hill Graham J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtremely deep freshwater filled cave systems are common in karst systems globally. The origin and evolution of such caves are usually attributed to hypogenic (bottom‐up) processes, in which acidic groundwater dissolves limestone from below. However, these deep cave systems can form by epigenic (top‐down) processes, with meteoric waters descending from the surface underground. The Hranice Abyss (Czech Republic), with a reached depth of 473.5 m, is the deepest mapped extent of such a system globally, although its maximum depth is unknown. Multiple geophysical data sets (gravity, electrical resistivity tomography, audiomagnetotellurics, and seismic refraction and reflection) are used to investigate the extent and formation of the Hranice Abyss. The geophysical results suggest the Hranice Abyss extends to depths of ~1 km. Further, we identify structures within the karst, including buried cockpit karst towers with several NW‐SE‐oriented valleys. The new geophysical results from the Hranice Abyss, considered in combination with geological constraints of the region (tectonic evolution and morphology of karst structure), suggest an epigenic formation process, rather than the traditionally invoked hypogenic origin. Formation by epigenic rather than hypogenic processes has implications for local and regional karst history associated with areas hosting deep karst systems.
Lateral Termination of a Cycladic‐Style Detachment System (Hymittos, Greece)
Authors: Coleman M. J. , Schneider D. A. , Grasemann B. , Soukis K. , Lozios S. , Hollinetz M. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe bedrock of Hymittos, Attic peninsula, Greece, exposes a pair of low‐angle crustal‐scale ductile‐then‐brittle detachment faults. The uppermost detachment fault separates sub‐greenschist facies phyllite and marble of a Pelagonian Zone hanging wall, from greenschist facies metasedimentary schist, calc‐schist, and marble correlated to the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. A second, structurally lower detachment fault subdivides the metamorphic rocks of the Cycladic blueschist unit footwall into middle and lower units. There is a marked step in metamorphic grade between the sub‐greenschist facies uppermost package, and the middle‐to‐upper greenschist facies middle and lower packages. A suite of new white mica40Ar/39Ar and zircon (U‐Th)/He dates indicates accommodation of deformation along these faults occurred from the late Oligocene to the late Miocene with both faults active during the middle Miocene. The structures have clear top‐S/SSW kinematics determined from flanking folds, sigmoids, shear bands, stair‐stepping of strain shadows on porphyroclasts, and SCC' fabrics. The ductile‐to‐brittle deformation of the structures, morphology of the massif, and the increase in metamorphic grade suggest these low‐angle structures are part of a major, crustal‐scale extensional complex, located at the northwest end of the West Cycladic Detachment System, that accommodated Miocene bivergent exhumation of Attic‐Cycladic metamorphic core complexes in the central Aegean. Taken together, the above data suggest that multiple coeval detachment branches may form in areas with high strain gradients to accommodate the mechanically necessary termination of Cycladic‐style detachment systems.
Origin of Low‐Angle Ductile/Brittle Detachments: Examples From the Cretaceous Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex in Eastern China
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Zhu Guang , Yin Hao , Su Nan , Lu Yuanchao , Zhang Shuai , Xie Chenglong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe origin of low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) and shear zones is subject to debate, and the Linglong metamorphic core complex (MCC) in eastern China provides good examples of how they form. Here we present structural and geochronological data that shed light on the geometry, kinematics, and evolution of this MCC. The MCC is bound by the Zhaoping and Jiaojia detachments with an opposite vergence and appears as a bivergent MCC. Both detachments consist of low‐angle ductile shear zones and parallel normal faults. A series of NNE‐SSW‐striking low‐angle normal‐sense shear zones, including ones that are subhorizontal, occur within the northern part of the MCC, and they show opposite tectonic vergence on either side of the MCC. Microstructures in the shear zones suggest that temperatures during deformation were mainly 300–400°C, corresponding to the brittle‐ductile transition. These shear zones are typically overprinted by brittle deformation structures represented by foliation‐parallel normal faults, local LANFs, and widespread high‐angle normal faults. Zircon U‐Pb dating of intrusive rocks within these shear zones constrains the formation of the MCC to 137–108 Ma. Regional NW‐SE extension was responsible for the development of the MCC. The two low‐angle detachments were initiated along the boundary of the preexisting Linglong batholith. The low‐angle shear zones within the MCC formed due to synchronous extension and arching, and their orientations were affected by synkinematic intrusion. Later LANFs developed mainly along the previous low‐angle shear zones due to their high reactivation angles and the arching‐induced flexural stresses.
The potential role of YAP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shin Eunbie , Kim Joon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transcriptional cofactor YAP and its inhibitory regulators, Hippo kinases and adapter proteins, constitute an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size and cell fate. The activity of the Hippo-YAP pathway is determined by a variety of intracellular and intercellular cues, such as cell polarity, junctions, density, mechanical stress, energy status, and growth factor signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that YAP can induce the expression of a set of genes that allow cancer cells to gain a survival advantage and aggressive behavior. Comprehensive genomic studies have revealed frequent focal amplifications of the YAP locus in human carcinomas, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, FAT1, which encodes an upstream component of Hippo signaling, is one of the most commonly altered genes in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the causes and functional consequences of YAP dysregulation in HNSCC. We also address interactions between YAP and other oncogenic drivers of HNSCC.