bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The radial acceleration relation in galaxy clusters
Authors: Chan Man Ho , Del Popolo Antonino 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, the discovery of the radial acceleration relation (RAR) in galaxies has been regarded as an indirect support of alternative theories of gravity such as modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) and modified gravity. This relation indicates a tight correlation between dynamical mass and baryonic mass in galaxies with different sizes and morphology. However, if the RAR relation is scale independent and could be explained by alternative theories of gravity, this relation should be universal and true for galaxy clusters as well. In this article, by using the X-ray data of a sample of galaxy clusters, we investigate if there exists any tight correlation between dynamical mass and baryonic mass in galaxy clusters, assuming hot gas mass distribution almost representing baryonic distribution and that the galaxy clusters are virialized. We show that the resulting RAR of 52 non-cool-core galaxy clusters scatters in a large parameter space, possibly due to our simplifying assumptions and unclear matter content in galaxy clusters. This might indicate that the RAR is unlikely to be universal and scale independent.
CO line and radio continuum study of elephant trunks: the Pillars of Creation in M16
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Molecular line and radio continuum properties of the elephant trunks (ET, Pillars of Creation) in M16 are investigated by analysing 12CO(J = 1−0) , 13CO(J = 1−0) and C18O(J = 1−0) line survey data from the Nobeyama 45-m telescope and the Galactic plane radio survey at 20 and 90 cm with the Very Large Array. The head clump of Pillar West I is found to be the brightest radio source in M16, showing a thermal spectrum and the properties of a compact H ii region, with the nearest O5 star in NGC 6611 being the heating source. The radio pillars have a cometary structure concave to the molecular trunk head, and the surface brightness distribution obeys a simple illumination law from a remote excitation source. The molecular density in the pillar head is estimated to be several 104 H2 cm−3 and the molecular mass is $\sim 13\!-\!40 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. CO-line kinematics reveals random rotation of the clumps in the pillar tail at ∼1–2 km s−1, comparable with the velocity dispersion and estimated Alfvén velocity. It is suggested that the random directions of the velocity gradients would manifest as torsional magnetic oscillation of the clumps around the pillar axis.
A large catalogue of molecular clouds with accurate distances within 4 kpc of the Galactic disc
Authors: Chen B-Q , Li G-X , Yuan H-B , Huang Y , Tian Z-J , Wang H-F , Zhang H-W , Wang C , Liu X-W 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a large, homogeneous catalogue of molecular clouds within 4 kpc from the Sun at low Galactic latitudes (|b| &lt; 10°) with unprecedented accurate distance determinations. Based on the 3D dust reddening map and estimates of colour excesses and distances of over 32 million stars presented in Chen et al., we have identified 567 dust/molecular clouds with a hierarchical structure identification method and obtained their distance estimates by a dust model fitting algorithm. The typical distance uncertainty is less than 5 per cent. As far as we know, this is the first large catalogue of molecular clouds in the Galactic plane with distances derived in a direct manner. The clouds are seen to lie along the Sagittarius, Local and Perseus Arms. In addition to the known structures, we propose the existence of a possible spur, with a pitch angle of about 34°, connecting the Local and the Sagittarius Arms in the fourth quadrant. We have also derived the physical properties of those molecular clouds. The distribution of cloud properties in different parameter spaces agrees grossly with the previous results. Our cloud sample is an ideal starting point to study the concentration of dust and gas in the solar vicinity and their star formation activities.
Left Vertebral Artery to Common Carotid Artery Transposition in a Patient With Bilateral Vertebral Insufficiency: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Gandhi Sirin , Cavallo Claudio , Mascitelli Justin R , Nanaszko Michael J , Zhao Xiaochun , Lawton Michael T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Extracranial vertebral artery (VA) atherosclerosis is responsible for 14% to 32% of posterior circulation infarctions.
1
In the posterior circulation, narrowing of the VA > 30% is significantly associated with strokes. Subclavian artery (SCA) atherosclerosis can produce subclavian steal. Retrograde VA flow around an occluded SCA decreases blood flow to the posterior circulation and causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Flow augmentation to the posterior circulation can be achieved by VA endarterectomy, arterial stenting, VA-common carotid artery (CCA) transposition, or bypass using an interposition graft.
2,3
This video illustrates microsurgical revascularization of the proximal VA with VA-CCA transposition. A 58-yr-old man with a prior stroke and chronic right VA occlusion presented with dysarthria and gait instability. Angiographic evaluation confirmed complete midcervical right VA occlusion and left SCA occlusion proximal to VA origin, with subclavian steal. After obtaining patient consent and a failed attempt at endovascular recanalization of the left SCA, a left VA-CCA end-to-side transposition was performed. Neck dissection exposed the left CCA. The thyrocervical trunk served as a landmark to identify the SCA, which was traced proximally to the VA origin. After proximal occlusion, the VA was transected and “fish-mouthed” for end-to-side anastomosis to CCA. An intraluminal, continuous suture technique was used to sew the back walls of this anastomosis. Postoperative computed tomography angiography confirmed bypass patency. Collateral circulation through the thyrocervical and costocervical trunks likely supplied the left arm, and no cerebral, or limb, ischemic symptoms were noted on follow-up. VA-CCA transposition is an uncommon technique for safe and effective revascularization of symptomatic, medically refractory VBI caused by VA occlusion or, as in this case, SCA occlusion with secondary subclavian steal. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Hip Hop Music and (Reading) the Narrative Soundtracks of New Black Realist Cinema
Authors: Millea James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hip hop is noise. It is a composite binding of contemporary, postmodern technologies and orally based ideologies that disrupts the normative and traditional characteristics of mainstream media and culture in order to create a space for subcultural revolt and resistance. Nowhere is this more fascinating than in the soundtracks of New Black Realism, African American independent cinema of the 1990s. Drawing on case studies from some of the earliest work of Spike Lee, as the foremost proponent of the genre, this chapter reads the sound and music of these narrative films through fundamental characteristics in hip hop as a postliterate orality, arguing that such an approach allows us to explore the rebellious possibilities of the music as, not just on, the cinematic soundtrack.
The role of environmental, geographical, morphometric and spatial variables on plankton communities in lakes of the arid Patagonian plateaus
Authors: Porcel Sol , Chaparro Griselda , Marinone M Cristina , Saad Juan F , Lancelotti Julio , Izaguirre Irina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpecies diversity is one of the most informative community metrics and is influenced by regional and local factors. We studied the spatial patterns of taxonomic and functional phyto- and zooplankton diversity in 33 lakes from two basaltic plateaus of the arid Patagonia. The aims of our study were to evaluate α, β and γ taxonomic diversity of phyto- and zooplankton; to assess the influence of environmental, spatial, geographical and morphometric factors on phyto- and zooplankton communities and to compare the influence of these variables on the taxonomic and functional composition. β1-diversity (within plateaus) was the major component for phytoplankton, rotifers and microcrustaceans taxonomic regional diversities. Planktonic communities were mainly constrained by macrophytes, fish, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, altitude and spatial factors. The high dispersion of small individuals within plateaus tends to homogenize these communities, as indicated by null model results and the high explanation of fine-scale spatial factors in variation partitioning. This knowledge contributes to explaining the diversity patterns of planktonic communities of these valuable environments and to develop conservation strategies, considering both environmental heterogeneity and spatial effects.
THERMAL AND FAST NEUTRON DOSE EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT OF 15-MV LINEAR ACCELERATOR USING A CR-39 NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS
Authors: Mohammadi Sara , Behmadi Marziyeh , Mohammadi Aghil , Toossi Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to measure the contribution of the thermal and fast neutron dose along the central axis of the 15 MV Elekta Precise linac in a tissue equivalent phantom. In order to achieve this purpose, different points were selected in three field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2 and 15 × 15 cm2. Fast and thermal neutrons were measured using CR-39 nuclear track detectors with and without thermal neutron converter of 10B, respectively. According to the results, the fast neutron dose equivalent was decreased as the depth increased (field size 5 × 5, 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm2 fall from 0.35 to 0.15, 0.5 to 0.3 and 0.5 to 0.3, respectively). Thermal dose equivalent was increased as the depth increased in the tissue equivalent phantom (field size 5 × 5, 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm2 rise from 0.1 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8 and 0.4 to 0.9, respectively). In conclusion, at depth &lt;3 cm, most existing neutrons are fast and CR-39 films are sensitive to fast neutrons; therefore, they are more appropriate than thermoluminescent dosemeters in measuring neutron dose equivalent.
Rhetorical and Organizational Typification of Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking as Discrete Forms of Violence
Authors: Weiss Benjamin R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite constructions of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking as discrete forms of violence, research shows that violence often co-occurs. Victims experiencing multiple forms of violence require different interventions from victims experiencing only one. Service providers’ understandings of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking as discrete, then, potentially undermine their goal of effective intervention. Drawing on 26 months of participant observation in an anti-gender-based violence nonprofit organization, I explore how advocates construct each form of violence as independent from the others. Results show that both organizational features, such as training curricula and organizational jurisdictions, and rhetorical strategies, such as an under-emphasis on co-occurring violence, contribute to the construction of each type of violence as discrete. This paper is of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers committed to designing and implementing effective responses to gender-based violence. I also advance social problems theory, showing that organizational features, not just interactional processes, contribute to typification.
Prognostic factors associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis: a case-control study in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Thais Almeida Marques , Morais Maria Helena Franco , Lopes Helen Maria de Oliveira Ramos , Gonçalves Stefanne Aparecida , Magalhães Fernanda do Carmo , Amâncio Frederico Figueiredo , Antunes Carlos Maurício Figueiredo , Carneiro Mariângela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) considering the clinical evolution of patients through a case-control study.

Methods
We randomly selected 180 cases (death caused by VL) and 180 controls (cured) from Belo Horizonte's hospitals in Brazil, according to data found in the patients' medical records. Five models of multivariate logistic regression were performed following the chronological order of the variables between the onset of the symptoms and evolution of the VL cases.

Results
Considering the multivariate models and the stages of clinical evolution of VL, the prognostic factors associated with death are: age &gt;60 y, minor hemorrhagic phenomena, increased abdominal volume, jaundice, dyspnea, malnutrition, TB, billirubin &gt;2 mg/dL, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) &gt;100 U/L, leukocytes &gt;7000/mm3, hemoglobin &lt;7 g/dL, platelets &lt;50 000/mm3 and infection without defined focus and bleeding.

Conclusions
Knowledge regarding the prognostic factors associated with death from VL in different stages of the disease in large Brazilian urban centers such as Belo Horizonte may help optimize patient management strategies and contribute to reduce the high fatality rates in these cities.
Dose-dependent effects of netarsudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on the distal outflow tract
Authors: Chen Si , Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Atta Sarah , Loewen Ralitsa , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the effects of netarsudil on the aqueous humor outflow tract distal to the trabecular meshwork (TM). We hypothesized that netarsudil increases outflow facility in eyes with and without circumferential ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) that removes the TM.Methods64 porcine anterior segment cultures were randomly assigned to groups with (n=32) and without circumferential AIT (n=32). Cultures were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 μM netarsudil (N= 8 eyes per concentration). For each concentration, IOP and vessel diameters were compared to their respective pretreatment baselines. Outflow tract vessel diameters were assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and rendered in 4D (XYZ time-series).ResultsNetarsudil at 1 μM reduced IOP in both eyes with TM (−0.60±0.24 mmHg, p = 0.01) and in eyes without TM (−1.79±0.42 mmHg, p<0.01). At this concentration, vessels of the distal outflow tract dilated by 72%. However, at 0.1 μM netarsudil elevated IOP in eyes with TM (1.59±0.36 mmHg, p<0.001) as well as in eyes without TM (0.23±0.32 mmHg, p<0.001). Vessels of the distal outflow tract constricted by 31%. Similarly, netarsudil at a concentration of 10 μM elevated IOP both in eyes with TM (1.91±0.193, p<0.001) and in eyes without TM (3.65±0.86 mmHg, p<0.001). At this concentration, outflow tract vessels constricted by 27%.ConclusionIn the porcine anterior segment culture, the dose-dependent IOP changes caused by netarsudil matched the diameter changes of distal outflow tract vessels. Hyper- and hypotensive properties of netarsudil persisted after TM removal.
Analysis of KSHV B lymphocyte lineage tropism in human tonsil reveals efficient infection of CD138+ plasma cells
Authors: Aalam Farizeh , Nabiee Romina , Castano Jesus Ramirez , Totonchy Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite 25 years of research, the basic virology of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesviruses (KSHV) in B lymphocytes remains poorly understood. This study seeks to fill critical gaps in our understanding by characterizing the B lymphocyte lineage-specific tropism of KSHV. Here, we use lymphocytes derived from 40 human tonsil specimens to determine the B lymphocyte lineages targeted by KSHV early duringde novoinfection in ourex vivomodel system. We characterize the immunological diversity of our tonsil specimens and determine that overall susceptibility of tonsil lymphocytes to KSHV infection varies substantially between donors. We demonstrate that a variety of B lymphocyte subtypes are susceptible to KSHV infection and identify CD138+ plasma cells as a rare, but highly targeted cell type forde novoKSHV infection. Finally, we determine that the host immunological status influences the course ofde novoinfection in B lymphocytes. These results improve our understanding of KSHV transmission and the biology of early KSHV infection in a naïve human host, and lay a foundation for further characterization of KSHV molecular virology in B lymphocyte lineages.
Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota
Authors: Gurry Thomas , Nguyen Le Thanh Tu , Yu Xiaoqian , Alm Eric J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Throughex vivomeasurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibersin vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage ourex vivodata to construct a model of SCFA production and absorptionin vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized dietary fiber supplementation based on an individual’s MMP is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diseases associated with SCFA production.
A real-time search strategy for finding urban disease vector infestations
Authors: Rose Erica Billig , Roy Jason A. , Castillo-Neyra Ricardo , Ross Michelle E. , Condori-Pino Carlos , Peterson Jennifer K. , Naquira-Velarde Cesar , Levy Michael Z. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContaining domestic vector infestation requires the ability to swiftly locate and treat infested homes. In urban settings where vectors are heterogeneously distributed throughout a dense housing matrix, the task of locating infestations can be challenging. Here, we present a novel stochastic compartmental model developed to help locate infested homes in urban areas. We designed the model using infestation data for the Chagas disease vector speciesTriatoma infestansin Arequipa, Peru. Our approach incorporates disease vector counts at each observed house, and the vector’s complex spatial dispersal dynamics. We used a Bayesian method to augment the observed data, estimate the insect population growth and dispersal parameters, and determine posterior infestation probabilities of households. We investigated the properties of the model through simulation studies, followed by field testing in Arequipa. Simulation studies showed the model to be accurate in its estimates of two parameters of interest: the growth rate of a domestic triatomine bug colony and the probability of a triatomine bug successfully invading a new home after dispersing from an infested home. When testing the model in the field, data collection using model estimates was hindered by low household participation rates, which severely limited the algorithm and in turn, the model’s predictive power. While future optimization efforts must improve the model’s capabilities when household participation is low, our approach is nonetheless an important step toward integrating data with predictive modeling to carry out evidence-based vector surveillance in cities.
Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Guo Qian , Li Mo , Wang Chunhui , Wang Peihong , Fang Zhencheng , tan Jie , Wu Shufang , Xiao Yonghong , Zhu Huaiqiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China caused by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emphasizes the importance of detecting novel viruses and predicting their risks of infecting people. In this report, we introduced the VHP (Virus Host Prediction) to predict the potential hosts of viruses using deep learning algorithm. Our prediction suggests that 2019-nCoV has close infectivity with other human coronaviruses, especially the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Bat SARS-like Coronaviruses and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Based on our prediction, compared to the Coronaviruses infecting other vertebrates, bat coronaviruses are assigned with more similar infectivity patterns with 2019-nCoVs. Furthermore, by comparing the infectivity patterns of all viruses hosted on vertebrates, we found mink viruses show a closer infectivity pattern to 2019-nCov. These consequences of infectivity pattern analysis illustrate that bat and mink may be two candidate reservoirs of 2019-nCov.These results warn us to beware of 2019-nCoV and guide us to further explore the properties and reservoir of it.One Sentence SummaryIt is of great value to identify whether a newly discovered virus has the risk of infecting human. Guoet al. proposed a virus host prediction method based on deep learning to detect what kind of host a virus can infect with DNA sequence as input. Applied to the Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus, our prediction demonstrated that several vertebrate-infectious coronaviruses have strong potential to infect human. This method will be helpful in future viral analysis and early prevention and control of viral pathogens.
When honest people cheat, and cheaters are honest: Cognitive control processes override our moral default
Authors: Speer Sebastian P.H. , Smidts Ale , Boksem Maarten A.S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvery day, we are faced with the conflict between the temptation to cheat for financial gains and maintaining a positive image of ourselves as being a ‘good person’. While it has been proposed that cognitive control is needed to mediate this conflict between reward and our moral self-image, the exact role of cognitive control in (dis)honesty remains elusive. Here, we identify this role, by investigating the neural mechanism underlying cheating. We developed a novel task which allows for inconspicuously measuring spontaneous cheating on a trial-by-trial basis in the MRI scanner. We found that activity in the Nucleus Accumbens promotes cheating, particularly for individuals who cheat a lot, while a network consisting of Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Temporoparietal Junction and Medial Prefrontal Cortex promotes honesty, particularly in individuals who are generally honest. Finally, activity in areas associated with Cognitive Control (Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Inferior Frontal Gyrus) helped dishonest participants to be honest, whereas it promoted cheating for honest participants. Thus, our results suggest that cognitive control is not needed to be honest or dishonest per se, but that it depends on an individual’s moral default.