bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D multi-parameter waveform inversion of land reflection seismic data obtained from the particle-motion response from the vertical geophone
Authors: Li Qingyang , Wu Guochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOnshore seismic exploration analyzes seismic wave propagation in elastic media, which includes the conversion between P- and S-waves. The development of multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration methods provides data that enable onshore elastic wave full-waveform inversion. However, most data sets of onshore exploration are single component obtained from the particle-motion response from the vertical geophone. When the aiming area has a low-velocity zone, the ray path of reflected wave that propagates to the detector is nearly perpendicular to the ground surface, so that we call it P-wave data. In this paper, we focus on multi-parameter waveform inversion using P-wave reflection seismic data. Although only P-wave data are received, it still contains the converted P-wave information, and the converted P-wave energy gradually increases as the offset increases. As seismic acquisition technology, observation systems and science develop, the folds and acquisition offset increase significantly, and the seismic data contain important converted P-wave information. In this paper, the first-order elastic velocity–stress equation is decomposed to obtain the scalar-P-wave equation from which the S-wave velocity is included firstly. Then we present the theoretical framework for onshore multi-parameter full-waveform inversion using P-wave data. In order to explore the inversion potential of the P-wave data (extracting the S-wave velocity from the converted P-wave information) and accuracy and stability of the P- and S-wave velocity inverted by our method, we carry out numerical tests via different inversion strategies, by using the P-wave data regarded as containing converted P-wave information, and get successful results.
Magnesium Alloys for Open-Pored Bioresorbable Implants
Authors: Maier Hans Jürgen , Julmi Stefan , Behrens Sabine , Klose Christian , Gartzke Ann-Kathrin , Wriggers Peter , Waselau Anja-Christina , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIf bone defects occur, the body’s own healing mechanism can close them below a critical size; for larger defects, bone autografts are used. These are typically cut from the same person’s hip in a second surgery. Consequently, the risk of complications, such as inflammations, rises. To avoid the risks resulting from the second surgery, absorbable, open-pored implants can be used. In the present study, the suitability of different magnesium alloys as absorbable porous bone substitute material has been investigated. Using the investment casting process with its design flexibility, the implant’s structure can be adapted to the ideal pore geometry with respect to bone ingrowth behavior. Different magnesium alloys (Mg-La2, LAE442, and ZX61) were studied and rated in terms of their degradation rate, bone ingrowth behavior, biocompatibility, and resorbability of the individual alloying elements.
American myths of linguistic assimilation: A sociolinguistic rebuttal
Authors: Erker Daniel , Otheguy Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the behavior of 331 Spanish speakers, 269 immigrants to the United States and sixty-two native-born individuals, through questionnaires and sociolinguistic interviews. Results show that increased US life experience correlates with expanded use of English in both private and public domains of life. Additionally, greater use of English co-exists with maintenance of fine-grained patterns of structured linguistic variation in Spanish, such that US-born speakers demonstrate remarkable similarity to the immigrant generation in their usage of three variables: (i) subject pronoun presence vs. absence, (ii) grammatical subject position, and (iii) syllable-final /s/. The co-occurence of increased use of English, on one hand, and intergenerational structural continuity in variable linguistic behavior in Spanish, on the other, challenges two misconceptions about Spanish in the United States: that (a) Spanish-speaking immigrants and their US-born children are unwilling or unable to learn English, and (b) regular use of English entails attrition and/or failed acquisition of Spanish. Neither of these views finds empirical support in our data. (Spanish in the United States, comparative variationist linguistics, subject personal pronouns, grammatical subject position, syllable final /s/, bilingualism)
Monoidal-closed categories of tree automata
Authors: Riba Colin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper surveys a new perspective on tree automata and Monadic second-order logic (MSO) on infinite trees. We show that the operations on tree automata used in the translations of MSO-formulae to automata underlying Rabin’s Tree Theorem (the decidability of MSO) correspond to the connectives of Intuitionistic Multiplicative Exponential Linear Logic (IMELL). Namely, we equip a variant of usual alternating tree automata (that we call uniform tree automata) with a fibered monoidal-closed structure which in particular handles a linear complementation of alternating automata. Moreover, this monoidal structure is actually Cartesian on non-deterministic automata, and an adaptation of a usual construction for the simulation of alternating automata by non-deterministic ones satisfies the deduction rules of the !(–) exponential modality of IMELL. (But this operation is unfortunately not a functor because it does not preserve composition.) Our model of IMLL consists in categories of games which are based on usual categories of two-player linear sequential games called simple games, and which generalize usual acceptance games of tree automata. This model provides a realizability semantics, along the lines of Curry–Howard proofs-as-programs correspondence, of a linear constructive deduction system for tree automata. This realizability semantics, which can be summarized with the slogan “automata as objects, strategies as morphisms,” satisfies an expected property of witness extraction from proofs of existential statements. Moreover, it makes it possible to combine realizers produced as interpretations of proofs with strategies witnessing (non-)emptiness of tree automata.
Nocturnal and Seasonal Variation of Na and K Layers Simultaneously Observed in the MLT Region at 23°S
Authors: Andrioli V. F. , Xu J. , Batista P. P. , Pimenta A. A. , Resende L. C. A. , Savio S. , Fagundes P. R. , Yang G. , Jiao J. , Cheng X. , Wang C. , Liu Z. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present work shows for the first time the study of morphology of the mesopause sodium (Na) and potassium (K) layers simultaneously observed by a dual‐beam LIDAR in the Southern Hemisphere. We analyze these two alkali metal layers from November 2016 to February 2019 measured at São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W) and present their nocturnal and seasonal behavior. The night of 25 April 2017 was investigated as a representative of the vertical descending structure frequently observed in the metal density data at this location. We discuss here the chemical and dynamical contribution in the formation of these distinct layers, using simultaneous meteor radar wind and ionosonde data. These downward structures are seen in 66% of Na/K LIDAR data and seem to occur preferentially around April. The good agreement with diurnal tide and the presence of Es layer, suggest a combining mechanism in the formation of these structures. Moreover, semiannual variations are observed in both layers; however, they present different maxima location. The Na density presents its maxima around May and September; whereas, K density shows a strong maximum around July and a weaker one around December. Likewise, semiannual variation with maxima at the equinoxes is observed in the centroid height for both layers. However, the column abundances of these two metals show distinct seasonal variation: Annual variation peaking from one equinox to the other is observed in Na and semiannual with maxima in the solstices in K. The same behavior of centroid height for both layers indicates the same mechanism acting in the seasonal variation, which is not yet completely understood.
Heatwave and Blocking in the Northeastern Asia: Occurrence, Variability, and Association
Authors: Fang Beijing , Lu Mengqian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe spatiotemporal variation and characteristics of heatwave in Northeastern Asia are investigated on both a grid basis and an event basis. We find that persistent, extensive, and intense heatwave has become more frequent during the last four decades. Such trend is found significantly correlated with the increase of temperature. The association between heatwave and blocking is also analyzed using two leading blocking indices, examining 500‐hPa geopotential height (TM index) and vertically averaged potential vorticity anomaly (PV index), respectively. A discrepancy between blocking climatology of TM index and PV index is exhibited, with the former displaying two high‐frequency zonal bands at the north and south regions, while the latter only showing one high frequency band in the north. However, grid‐based concurrence analysis using the two blocking indices agreeably suggests that blocking favors the occurrence of heatwave, especially in the north region where blocking often occurs. We further explicitly investigate their temporal association with time lags, which has not been done before in the literatures. It reveals that heatwave mostly occurs after or on the onset day of blocking and ends after or at the end of blocking. It indicates that blocking is more of a favorable environmental condition to trigger heatwave than maintain it. Lastly, the impact of blocking on the characteristics of heatwave events is explored on an event basis using a 3‐D spatiotemporal object model. Blocking‐related heatwave events are more likely to be more persistent, extensive, and intense than unrelated events.
Correlation Effects? A Major but Often Neglected Component in Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Do Nhu Cuong , Razavi Saman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobal sensitivity analysis (GSA) provides essential insights into the behavior of Earth and environmental systems models and identifies dominant controls of output uncertainty. Previous work on GSA, however, has typically been under the assumption that the controlling factors such as model inputs and parameters are independent, whereas, in many cases, they are correlated and their joint distribution follows a variety of forms. Although this assumption can limit the credibility of GSA and its results, very few studies in the field of water and environmental modeling address this issue. In this paper, we first discuss the significance of correlation effects in GSA and then propose a new GSA framework for properly accounting for correlations in input/parameter spaces. To this end, we extend the “variogram‐based” theory of GSA, called variogram analysis of response surfaces (VARS), and develop a new generalized star sampling technique (called gSTAR) to accommodate correlated multivariate distributions. We test the new gSTAR‐VARS method on two test functions, against a state‐of‐the‐art GSA method that handles correlation effects. We then apply gSTAR‐VARS to the HBV‐SASK model, calibrated via a Bayesian, Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, for design flood estimation in the Oldman River Basin in Canada. Results demonstrate that accounting for correlation effects can be critically important in GSA, especially in the presence of nonlinearity and interaction effects in the underlying response surfaces. The proposed method can efficiently handle correlations and different distribution types and simultaneously generate a range of sensitivity indices, such as total‐variogram effects, variance‐based total‐order effects, and derivative‐based elementary effects.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Two Papers About the Generalized Complementary Evaporation Relationships by Crago et al.’”
Authors: Crago R. , Szilagyi J. , Qualls R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiu et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026292) provide comments on two papers introducing the rescaled Complementary Relationship (CR) of evaporation. Four concerns regarding the rescaled CR were raised and are addressed herein. Specifically, it is shown here that (1) the rescaled CR is not simply an asymmetric advection‐aridity model; (2) a discontinuity in the slope of the rescaled CR at the point where evaporation is zero is not problematic because that point represents a true minimum value; (3) a particular formulation of the rescaled CR presented in an earlier paper was not recommended by the present authors, but was simply intended to illustrate that a range of boundary conditions can be accommodated; and (4) while behavior of the model advocated by Liu et al. 2020) can be modified to match the lower limit introduced by the rescaled CR, there is little theoretical justification or practical utility for doing so. Inherent in several of the concerns seems to be a misconception held by the authors of the Comment regarding the nature of the lower limit in the rescaled CR. Once this misconception is addressed, none of the concerns represent a weakness in the rescaled CR concept.
Stress, inflammation and hippocampal subfields in depression: A 7 Tesla MRI Study
Authors: Tannous Jonika , Godlewska Beata R. , Tirumalaraju Vaishali , Soares Jair C. , Cowen Phil J. , Selvaraj Sudhakar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExperiencing stressful events throughout one’s life, particularly childhood trauma, increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Raised levels of cortisol, and markers of inflammation such as Interleukin (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been linked to both early life stress and MDD. We aimed to explore the biological stress signatures of early stress and MDD on hippocampal sub regional volumes using 7 Tesla MRI imaging. A cohort of 71 MDD patients was compared against 46 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. MDD subjects had higher averages of IL-6 and CRP levels. These differences were significant for IL-6 levels and trended for CRP. There were no significant group differences in any of the hippocampal subfields or global hippocampal volumes; further, there were no hippocampal subfield differences between MDD subjects with high levels of our biological stress measures and MDDs with normal levels.
Mechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy define health biomarkers in ageing C. elegans
Authors: Essmann Clara L. , Martinez-Martinez Daniel , Pryor Rosina , Leung Kit-Yi , Krishnan Kalaivani Bala , Lui Prudence Pokway , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Brown André E. X. , Pawar Vijay M. , Srinivasan Mandayam A. , Cabreiro Filipe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors are key drivers regulating organismal lifespan but how these impact healthspan is less well understood. Techniques capturing biomechanical properties of tissues on a nano-scale level are providing new insights into disease mechanisms. Here, we apply Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to quantitatively measure the change in biomechanical properties associated with ageingCaenorhabditis elegansin addition to capturing high-resolution topographical images of cuticle senescence. We show that distinct dietary restriction regimes and genetic pathways that increase lifespan lead to radically different healthspan outcomes. Hence, our data support the view that prolonged lifespan does not always coincide with extended healthspan. Importantly, we identify the insulin signalling pathway inC.elegansand interventions altering bacterial physiology as increasing both lifespan and healthspan. Overall, AFM provides a highly sensitive technique to measure organismal biomechanical fitness and delivers an approach to screen for health-improving conditions, an essential step towards healthy ageing.
Structural basis for two-way communication between dynein and microtubules
Authors: Nishida Noritaka , Komori Yuta , Takarada Osamu , Watanabe Atsushi , Tamura Satoko , Kubo Satoshi , Shimada Ichio , Kikkawa Masahide 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe movements of cytoplasmic dynein on microtubule (MT) tracks is achieved by two-way communication between the microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) and the ATPase domain via a coiled-coil stalk, but the structural basis of this communication remains elusive. Here, we regulate MTBD either in high-affinity or low-affinity states by introducing a disulfide bond to the stalk and analyze the resulting structures by NMR and cryo-EM. In the MT-unbound state, the affinity changes of MTBD are achieved by sliding of the stalk α-helix by a half-turn, which suggests that structural changes propagate from the ATPase-domain to MTBD. In addition, MT binding induces further sliding of the stalk α-helix even without the disulfide bond, suggesting how the MT-induced conformational changes propagate toward the ATPase domain. Based on differences in the MT-binding surface between the high- and low-affinity states, we propose a potential mechanism for the directional bias of dynein movement on MT tracks.
Evaluating the promise of inclusion of African ancestry populations in genomics
Authors: Bentley Amy R. , Callier Shawneequa L. , Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe lack of representation of diverse ancestral backgrounds in genomic research is well-known, and the resultant scientific and ethical limitations are becoming increasingly appreciated. The paucity of data on individuals with African ancestry is especially noteworthy as Africa is the birthplace of modern humans and harbors the greatest genetic diversity. It is expected that greater representation of those with African ancestry in genomic research will bring novel insights into human biology, and lead to improvements in clinical care and improved understanding of health disparities. Now that major efforts have been undertaken to address this failing, is there evidence of these anticipated advances? Here, we evaluate the promise of including diverse individuals in genomic research in the context of recent literature on individuals of African ancestry. In addition, we discuss progress and achievements on related technological challenges and diversity among scientists conducting genomic research.
The environment and species affect gut bacteria composition in laboratory co-cultured Anopheles gambiae and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Authors: Saab Sally A. , Dohna Heinrich zu , Nilsson Louise K. J. , Onorati Piero , Nakhleh Johnny , Terenius Olle , Osta Mike A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe midgut microbiota of disease vectors plays a critical role in the successful transmission of human pathogens. The environment influences the microbiota composition; however, the relative mosquito-species contribution has not been rigorously disentangled from the environmental contribution to the microbiota structure. Also, the extent to which the microbiota of the adult sugar food source and larval water can predict that of the adult midgut andvice versais not fully understood. To address these relationships, larvae and adults ofAnopheles gambiaeandAedes albopictuswere either reared separately or in a co-rearing system, whereby aquatic and adult stages of both species shared the larval water and sugar food source, respectively. Despite being reared under identical conditions, clear intra- and interspecies differences in midgut microbiota-composition were observed across seven cohorts, collected at different time points over a period of eight months. Fitting a linear model separately for each OTU in the mosquito midgut showed that two OTUs significantly differed between the midguts of the two mosquito species. We also show an effect for the sugar food source and larval water on the adult midgut microbiota. Our findings suggest that the mosquito midgut microbiota is highly dynamic and controlled by multiple factors.
Deep Flexible Sequential (DFS) Model for Air Pollution Forecasting
Authors: Kaya Kıymet , Gündüz Öğüdücü Şule 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowing metropolitan areas bring rapid urbanization and air pollution problems. As diseases and mortality rates increase because of the air pollution problem, it becomes a necessity to estimate the air pollution density and inform the public to protect the health. Air pollution problem displays contextual characteristics such as meteorological conditions, industrial and technological developments, traffic problem etc. that change from country to country and also from city to city. In this study, we determined PM$${}_{10}$$10 as the target pollutant and designed a new deep learning based air quality forecasting model, namely DFS (Deep Flexible Sequential). Our study uses real world hourly data from Istanbul, Turkey between 2014 and 2018 to forecast the air pollution 4, 12, and 24 hours before. DFS model is a hybrid & flexible deep model including Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed model also is capable of generalization with standard and flexible Dropout layers. Through flexible Dropout layer, the model also obtains flexibility to adapt changing window sizes in sequential modelling. Moreover, this model can be applied to other air pollution time series data problems with small modifications on parameters by taking into account the nature of the data set.
Live Neuron High-Content Screening Reveals Synaptotoxic Activity in Alzheimer Mouse Model Homogenates
Authors: Jiang Hao , Esparza Thomas J. , Kummer Terrance T. , Zhong Haining , Rettig Jens , Brody David L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccurate quantification of synaptic changes is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic toxicity. Here we demonstrate a robust high-content imaging method for the assessment of synaptic changes and apply the method to brain homogenates from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Our method uses serial imaging of endogenous fluorescent labeled presynaptic VAMP2 and postsynaptic PSD95 in long-term cultured live primary neurons in 96 well microplates, and uses automatic image analysis to quantify the number of colocalized mature synaptic puncta for the assessment of synaptic changes in live neurons. As a control, we demonstrated that our synaptic puncta assay is at least 10-fold more sensitive to the toxic effects of glutamate than the MTT assay. Using our assay, we have compared synaptotoxic activities in size-exclusion chromatography fractioned protein samples from 3xTg-AD mouse model brain homogenates. Multiple synaptotoxic activities were found in high and low molecular weight fractions. Amyloid-beta immunodepletion alleviated some but not all of the synaptotoxic activities. Although the biochemical entities responsible for the synaptotoxic activities have yet to be determined, these proof-of-concept results demonstrate that this novel assay may have many potential mechanistic and therapeutic applications.