bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Arterial Cyclic Strain from the Spacing of Endothelial Nuclei
Authors: Rowland E.M. , Bailey E.L. , Weinberg P.D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The non-uniform distribution of atherosclerosis within the arterial system is widely attributed to variation in haemodynamic wall shear stress. It may also depend on variation in pressure-induced stresses and strains within the arterial wall; these have been less widely investigated, at least in part because of a lack of suitable techniques.

Objectives
Here we show that local arterial strain can be determined from impressions left by endothelial cells on the surface of vascular corrosion casts made at different pressures, even though only one pressure can be examined in each vessel. The pattern of pits in the cast caused by protruding endothelial nuclei was subject to “retro-deformation” to identify the pattern that would have occurred in the absence of applied stresses.

Methods
Retaining the nearest-neighbour pairs found under this condition, changes in nearest-neighbour vectors were calculated for the pattern seen in the cast, and the ratio of mean changes at different pressures determined. This approach removes errors in simple nearest-neighbour analyses caused by the nearest neighbour changing as deformation occurs.

Results
The accuracy, precision and robustness of the approach were validated using simulations. The method was implemented using confocal microscopy of casts of the rabbit aorta made at systolic and diastolic pressures; results agreed well with the ratio of the macroscopic dimensions of the casts.

Conclusions
Applying the new technique to areas around arterial branches could support or refute the hypothesis that the development of atherosclerosis is influenced by mural strain, and the method may be applicable to other tissues.
Doppelmoral hält besser: Die Politik mit der Solidarität in der Externalisierungsgesellschaft
Authors: Lessenich Stephan 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der wissenschaftlichen Selbstbeschreibung des europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaats ist eine Erzählung dominant, die ihn als – wenn auch national unterschiedlich ausgeprägte – weltweit einzigartige Form der Institutionalisierung sozialer Solidarität versteht, die seit den 1980er-Jahren durch die neoliberale Transformation (gleichsam von außen) in Gefahr geraten sei. Der Beitrag setzt dieser Erzählung eine andere entgegen: Auch schon vor der „neoliberalen Revolution“ lebte das europäische Solidaritätsarrangement davon, dass es auf Kosten eines gesellschaftlichen „Außen“ organisiert wurde und systematisch Dritte schädigte. Solidarität in den europäischen „Externalisierungsgesellschaften“ funktioniert nur als exkludierende Solidarität: Sie ist durch strukturelle soziale Schließungen nach innen, insbesondere aber – vermittelt über die Institution der „citizenship“ – nach außen charakterisiert. Insofern zeichnet sich der europäische Wohlfahrtsstaat durch eine fundamentale normative Selbstüberschätzung aus: Indem er „Solidarität“ eindimensional als nationalgesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt ausbuchstabiert, verfährt er tatsächlich nach einem doppelten moralischen Standard.
Self-adaptive potential-based stopping criteria for Particle Swarm Optimization with forced moves
Authors: Bassimir Bernd , Schmitt Manuel , Wanka Rolf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the variant of Particle Swarm Optimization that applies random velocities in a dimension instead of the regular velocity update equations as soon as the so-called potential of the swarm falls below a certain small bound in this dimension, arbitrarily set by the user. In this case, the swarm performs a forced move.
In this paper, we are interested in how, by counting the forced moves, the swarm can decide for itself to stop its movement because it is improbable to find better candidate solutions than the already-found best solution. We formally prove that when the swarm is close to a (local) optimum, it behaves like a blind-searching cloud and that the frequency of forced moves exceeds a certain, objective function-independent value. Based on this observation, we define stopping criteria and evaluate them experimentally showing that good candidate solutions can be found much faster than setting upper bounds on the iterations and better solutions compared to applying other solutions from the literature.
Fast interactive CFD evaluation of hemodynamics assisted by RBF mesh morphing and reduced order models: the case of aTAA modelling
Authors: Biancolini Marco Evangelos , Capellini Katia , Costa Emiliano , Groth Corrado , Celi Simona 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe medical digital twin is emerging as a viable opportunity to provide patient-specific information useful for treatment, prevention and surgical planning. A bottleneck toward its effective use when computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and tools are adopted for the high fidelity prediction of blood flow, is the significant computing cost required. Reduced order models (ROM) looks to be a promising solution for facing the aforementioned limit. In fact, once ROM data processing is accomplished, the consumption stage can be performed outside the computer-aided engineering software adopted for simulation and, in addition, it could be also implemented on interactive software visualization interfaces that are commonly employed in the medical context. In this paper we demonstrate the soundness of such a concept by numerically investigating the effect of the bulge shape for the ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm case. Radial basis functions (RBF) based mesh morphing enables the implementation of a parametric shape, which is used to build up the ROM framework and data. The final result is an inspection tool capable to visualize, interactively and almost in real-time, the effect of shape parameters on the entire flow field. The approach is first verified considering a morphing action representing the progression from an average healthy patient to an average aneurismatic one (Capellini et al. in Proceedings VII Meeting Italian Chapter of the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB-ITA 2017), 2017; Capellini et al. in J. Biomech. Eng. 140(11):111007-1–111007-10, 2018). Then, a set of shape parameters, suitable to consistently represent a widespread number of possible bulge configurations, are defined and accordingly generated. The concept is showcased taking into account the steady flow field at systolic peak conditions, using ANSYS®Fluent®and its ROM environment for CFD and ROM calculations respectively, and the RBF MorphTM software for shape parametrization.
Chronic Memantine Treatment Ameliorates Behavioral Deficits, Neuron Loss, and Impaired Neurogenesis in a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Stazi Martina , Wirths Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMemantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist possessing neuroprotective properties, belongs to the small group of drugs which have been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While several preclinical studies employing different transgenic AD mouse models have described beneficial effects with regard to rescued behavioral deficits or reduced amyloid plaque pathology, it is largely unknown whether memantine might have beneficial effects on neurodegeneration. In the current study, we assessed whether memantine treatment has an impact on hippocampal neuron loss and associated behavioral deficits in the Tg4-42 mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that a chronic oral memantine treatment for 4 months diminishes hippocampal CA1 neuron loss and rescues learning and memory performance in different behavioral paradigms, such as Morris water maze or a novel object recognition task. Cognitive benefits of chronic memantine treatment were accompanied by an amelioration of impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that memantine successfully counteracts pathological alterations in a preclinical mouse model of AD.
The Analysis of Predictors of Retirement Preferences over Time
Authors: Pilipiec Patrick , Groot Wim , Pavlova Milena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to rapid demographic ageing and to sustain its pension system, the Netherlands recently initiated a pension reform that increased the retirement age, with the intention to increase labour force participation among older workers. However, there is little evidence on the preferences of workers concerning their retirement age, and on how these preferences have changed over time. To identify personal and work-related determinants of the preference toward earlier or later retirement, and how these determinants and preferences have changed over time. We use data from three consecutive measurements (waves) of a large Dutch panel. Ordered logit regression is used to investigate the predictors of retirement preferences. Analyses are performed for two groups; all workers and a subsample of workers aged 50 years or older. Furthermore, the analyses are performed for each wave separately and for the combined dataset. A preference for later retirement is primarily related to university education, high job satisfaction, and high income. Age is only positively related to later retirement among older workers. Earlier retirement is preferred by female workers and workers living with a partner. The preference toward an earlier retirement age has increased over time. The preferences toward retirement can be primarily explained by personal characteristics, job satisfaction, and net income. Furthermore, with the increase in the retirement age defined by current legislation, the preference for an earlier retirement age has increased over time.
Dynamic Regulation of JAK-STAT Signaling Through the Prolactin Receptor Predicted by Computational Modeling
Authors: Mortlock Ryland D. , Georgia Senta K. , Finley Stacey D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The expansion of insulin-producing beta cells during pregnancy is critical to maintain glucose homeostasis in the face of increasing insulin resistance. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) signaling is one of the primary mediators of beta cell expansion during pregnancy, and loss of PRLR signaling results in reduced beta cell mass and gestational diabetes. Harnessing the proliferative potential of prolactin signaling to expand beta cell mass outside of the context of pregnancy requires quantitative understanding of the signaling at the molecular level.

Methods
A mechanistic computational model was constructed to describe prolactin-mediated JAK-STAT signaling in pancreatic beta cells. The effect of different regulatory modules was explored through ensemble modeling. A Bayesian approach for likelihood estimation was used to fit the model to experimental data from the literature.

Results
Including receptor upregulation, with either inhibition by SOCS proteins, receptor internalization, or both, allowed the model to match experimental results for INS-1 cells treated with prolactin. The model predicts that faster dimerization and nuclear import rates of STAT5B compared to STAT5A can explain the higher STAT5B nuclear translocation. The model was used to predict the dose response of STAT5B translocation in rat primary beta cells treated with prolactin and reveal possible strategies to modulate STAT5 signaling.

Conclusions
JAK-STAT signaling must be tightly controlled to obtain the biphasic response in STAT5 activation seen experimentally. Receptor up-regulation, combined with SOCS inhibition, receptor internalization, or both is required to match experimental data. Modulating reactions upstream in the signaling can enhance STAT5 activation to increase beta cell survival.
Adult Stress Promotes Purinergic Signaling to Induce Visceral Pain in Rats with Neonatal Maternal Deprivation
Authors: Hu Shufen , Sun Qian , Du Wan-Jie , Song Jian , Li Xin , Zhang Ping-An , Xu Ji-Tian , Xu Guang-Yin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic visceral pain is one of the primary symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects up to 15% of the population world-wide. The detailed mechanisms of visceral pain remain largely unclear. Our previous studies have shown that neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) followed by adult multiple stress (AMS) advances the occurrence of visceral pain, likely due to enhanced norepinephrine (NE)-β2 adrenergic signaling. This study was designed to explore the roles of P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) in the chronic visceral pain induced by combined stress. Here, we showed that P2X3Rs were co-expressed in β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)-positive dorsal root ganglion neurons and that NE significantly enhanced ATP-induced Ca2+ signals. NMD and AMS not only significantly increased the protein expression of P2X3Rs, but also greatly enhanced the ATP-evoked current density, number of action potentials, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of colon-related DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of the P2X3R inhibitor A317491 greatly attenuated the visceral pain and the ATP-induced Ca2+ signals in NMD and AMS rats. Furthermore, the β2-AR antagonist butoxamine significantly reversed the expression of P2X3Rs, the ATP-induced current density, and the number of action potentials of DRG neurons. Overall, our data demonstrate that NMD followed by AMS leads to P2X3R activation, which is most likely mediated by upregulation of β2 adrenergic signaling in primary sensory neurons, thus contributing to visceral hypersensitivity.
Predictors and Outcomes of Neurological Deterioration in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Results from the TICH-2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Law Zhe Kang , Dineen Rob , England Timothy J , Cala Lesley , Mistri Amit K , Appleton Jason P , Ozturk Serefnur , Bereczki Daniel , Ciccone Alfonso , Bath Philip M , Sprigg Nikola ,   on behalf of TICH-2 investigators
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurological deterioration is common after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to identify the predictors and effects of neurological deterioration and whether tranexamic acid reduced the risk of neurological deterioration. Data from the Tranexamic acid in IntraCerebral Hemorrhage-2 (TICH-2) randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of ≥ 4 or a decline in Glasgow Coma Scale of ≥ 2. Neurological deterioration was considered to be early if it started ≤ 48 h and late if commenced between 48 h and 7 days after onset. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors and effects of neurological deterioration and the effect of tranexamic acid on neurological deterioration. Of 2325 patients, 735 (31.7%) had neurological deterioration: 590 (80.3%) occurred early and 145 (19.7%) late. Predictors of early neurological deterioration included recruitment from the UK, previous ICH, higher admission systolic blood pressure, higher NIHSS, shorter onset-to-CT time, larger baseline hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid extension and antiplatelet therapy. Older age, male sex, higher NIHSS, previous ICH and larger baseline hematoma predicted late neurological deterioration. Neurological deterioration was independently associated with a modified Rankin Scale of > 3 (aOR 4.98, 3.70–6.70; p < 0.001). Tranexamic acid reduced the risk of early (aOR 0.79, 0.63–0.99; p = 0.041) but not late neurological deterioration (aOR 0.76, 0.52–1.11; p = 0.15). Larger hematoma size, intraventricular and subarachnoid extension increased the risk of neurological deterioration. Neurological deterioration increased the risk of death and dependency at day 90. Tranexamic acid reduced the risk of early neurological deterioration and warrants further investigation in ICH. URL:https://www.isrctn.com Unique identifier: ISRCTN93732214
Assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrology at catchment scale: modelling approach including prediction of future drought events using drought indices
Authors: Afzal M. , Ragab R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the Distributed Catchment-Scale Model, DiCaSM, was used to study the impact of climate change on the hydrology of the Eden catchment, north east of Scotland. As a first step, the model was successfully calibrated and validated for a 42 years period. The DiCaSM model was then used to study the impact of climate change on the water availability. Data from the UKCP09 Climate change scenarios for the 2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099 periods, considering three gas emission scenarios (low, medium and high), were applied. The results indicated that the greatest decrease in streamflow and groundwater recharge was projected to happen under the high emission scenarios towards the end of the century, i.e. between 2070 and 2099. This would mainly be due to the summers becoming drier. Meanwhile, the projected increase in winter precipitation did not contribute much towards groundwater recharge due the projected increases in evapotranspiration and soil moisture deficit.The following drought indices were calculated and were found to be effective in predicting different types of droughts: the Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI, and the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index, SPEI, the Reconnaissance Drought Index, RDI, the modified adjusted RDI, the Soil Moisture Deficit, SMD and the Wetness Index, WI. The findings of the study have broader implications in water resources management considering the future changes in climate.
Geochemical evaluation of Khami Group oils in the South Dezful Embayment, Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Bahram , Jahangard Amir Abbas , Alipour Majid , Gandomi Sani Ahmadreza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn integrated geochemical study, including GC, GC–MS and stable carbon isotope analyses, was conducted on a suite of oil samples from the Khami Group reservoirs to provide new insights into the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous petroleum system in the South Dezful Embayment. Possible source rocks were also characterized using Rock–Eval pyrolysis to address the likely potential source rocks. The oil samples representing four major reservoirs (Surmeh, Fahliyan, Gadvan and Dariyan) constitute a single genetic oil family according to bulk and biomarker parameters. High API (> 38°), highly saturated hydrocarbons (Sat > 65%), very low asphaltene content (Asp < 2%) and raised saturates/aromatics ratio (Sat/Aro > 2) are the bulk diagnostic characteristics of the studied oils implying more dominant terrigenous nature of the precursor organic matter. The predominance of C29 regular steranes (~ 40%), presence of C29Ts as well as very low gammacerane (< 10%) and moderate C35/C34 homohopane (< 1) are consistent with the mixed marine–terrigenous dysoxic organic matter input. The oils are assumed to be originated from Early Cretaceous source rocks at the peak of the oil generation window in a kitchen area located to the south of the studied region (i.e., the Binak–Borazjan Trough). The hydrocarbons were migrated from this kitchen to the structurally shallow-seated reservoirs in the center and west of the Kharg-Mish local paleo-high. The Khami Group reservoirs are not effectively sealed by the thin Hith anhydrites, and the Kazhdumi Formation finally trapped the migrated hydrocarbons. This study improves our knowledge regarding one of the active petroleum systems in the South Dezful Embayment, enhancing petroleum exploration success by navigating further drillings into the more prosperous targets.
Extension of the taxonomic coverage of the family GH126 outside Firmicutes and in silico characterization of its non-catalytic terminal domains
Authors: Kerényiová Lenka , Janeček Štefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe family GH126 is a family of glycoside hydrolases established in 2011. Officially, in the CAZy database, it counts ~ 1000 sequences originating solely from bacterial phylum Firmicutes. Two members, the proteins CPF_2247 from Clostridium perfringens and PssZ from Listeria monocytogenes have been characterized as a probable α-amylase and an exopolysaccharide-specific glycosidase, respectively; their three-dimensional structures being also solved as possessing catalytic (α/α)6-barrel fold. Previously, based on a detailed in silico analysis, the seven conserved sequence regions (CSRs) were identified for the family along with elucidating basic evolutionary relationships within the family members. The present study represents a continuation study focusing on two particular aims: (1) to find out whether the taxonomic coverage of the family GH126 might be extended outside the Firmicutes and, if positive, to deliver those out-of-Firmicutes proteins with putting them into the context of the family; and (2) to identify the family members containing the N- and/or C-terminal extensions of their polypeptide chain, additional to the catalytic (α/α)6-barrel domain, and perform the bioinformatics characterization of the extra domains. The main results could be summarized as follows: (1) 17 bacterial proteins caught by BLAST searches outside Firmicutes (especially from phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes) have been found and convincingly suggested as new family GH126 members; and (2) a thioredoxin-like fold and various leucine-rich repeat motifs identified by Phyre2 structure homology modelling have been recognized as extra domains occurring most frequently in the N-terminal extensions of family GH126 members possessing a modular organization.
Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia
Authors: Liimatainen Kare , Niskanen Tuula , Dima Bálint , Ammirati Joseph F. , Kirk Paul M. , Kytövuori Ilkka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSo far approximately 144,000 species of fungi have been named but sequences of the majority of them do not exist in the public databases. Therefore, the quality and coverage of public barcode databases is a bottleneck that hinders the study of fungi. Cortinarius is the largest genus of Agaricales with thousands of species world-wide. The most diverse subgenus in Cortinarius is Telamonia and its species have been considered one of the most taxonomically challenging in the Agaricales. Its high diversity combined with convergent, similar appearing taxa have earned it a reputation of being an impossible group to study. In this study a total of 746 specimens, including 482 type specimens representing 184 species were sequenced. Also, a significant number of old types were successfully sequenced, 105 type specimens were over 50 years old and 18 type specimens over 100 years old. Altogether, 20 epi- or neotypes are proposed for recently commonly used older names. Our study doubles the number of reliable DNA-barcodes of species of C. subgenus Telamonia in the public sequence databases. This is also the first extensive phylogenetic study of the subgenus. A majority of the sections and species are shown in a phylogenetic context for the first time. Our study shows that nomenclatural problems, even in difficult groups like C. subgenus Telamonia, can be solved and consequently identification of species based on ITS barcodes becomes an easy task even for non-experts of the genus.