bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-B-14 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of mRNA isoforms expression profile using two approaches to measure meat tenderness from Longissimus thoracis muscle in beef cattle
Authors: Muniz Maria Malane M , Cánovas Angela , Fonseca Larissa Fernanda Simielli , Silva Danielly Beraldo dos Santos , Magalhães Ana Fabrícia Braga , Redondo Isabel Gomez , Ferro Jesus Aparecido , Chardulo Arthou Loyola , Baldi Fernando , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) are complementary methodologies commonly used to measure beef tenderness. To identify mRNA isoforms differentially expressed became an important tool to provide new insights to better understand the transcripts involved in the regulation of the meat tenderness, using MFI and WBSF measures in Nellore beef cattle. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (out of 80 bulls set) for WBSF [tender (n = 9) and tough (n = 10) groups] and MFI [high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) groups] traits were collected to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Sequencing. The CLC Genomics Workbench v.12.0 was used to align the fragments of each sample to the bovine reference genome ARS.UCD1.2. An average of 37 million transcripts were expressed in the Nellore muscle transcriptome. A total of 41 and 31 mRNA isoforms were differentially expressed (q≤0.05 and Fold Change greater than 2) between the two groups of divergent bulls for WBSF and MFI traits, respectively. The RPL14-202 mRNA isoform was the only isoform differentially expressed in common between both traits and is one of two known transcripts of the RPL14 gene. The RPL14 gene contains a trinucleotide repeat tract whose length is highly polymorphic and has several biochemical functions. Bulls with tender meat have one base insertion inside this region and possibly has splice site disruption effects. The RPL14-202 mRNA isoform could be used as potential biological marker for beef tenderness. The identified differentially expressed mRNA isoforms (ACTA1-202, ACTN3-201, MYL6-202, MYL6-201, MYBPC2-202) were involved with skeletal muscle cell differentiation, negative regulation of sarcomere organization and regulation of skeletal muscle contraction. mRNA isoforms directly associated with muscle development were identified using different approaches to measure beef tenderness suggesting potential key regulator genes and biomarkers associated with an important consumer valued trait for the beef industry.
PSXIII-34 Late-Breaking: The influence of Nellore cattle supplementation during the growing phase on pasture with urea (high or low) and with or without tannin extracts on the performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Prados Laura , Foresto Willian , Mariano Eduarda , Souza William , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flavio D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of cattle supplementation (3g/kg BW) with urea (U) and tannin extracts (TE; SilvaFeed Bypro®️) during the dry season on performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters. Trial 1-Sixty-four Nellore (294 ± 15.2 kg BW) were used to determine the effect of supplementation during the growing phase (137d) on performance. The animals were blocked by BW to one of four treatments: 1) 30g urea/kg DM supplement (LU); 2) 30g urea/kg DM supplement + 7g TE/kg DM supplement (LU+TE); 3) 50g urea/kg DM supplement (HU); 4) 50g urea/kg DM supplement + 7g TE/kg DM supplement (HU+TE). Trial 2- Eight ruminally cannulated Nellore fed with trial 1 diet (4 x 4 Latin square) was used to evaluate DM intake and digestibility, ruminal pH, VFA, ruminal ammonia, serum glucose and urea at different times after feeding. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. There was no interaction (P &gt; 0.10) between U and TE, the treatments did not affect (P &gt; 0.10) ADG, intake or digestibility, VFA total, serum glucose and urea (Table1). However, animals fed TE showed butyrate (Figure 1) tended to higher on time 12-18h (Time × TE; P = 0.06), while the acetate: propionate ratio tended (Time × TE; P = 0.08) to decrease. The isovalerate tended to be higher on time 6h in animals fed HU+TE while LU+TE tended to be higher on time 12-18h. The ruminal pH of the animals fed with LU tended to be lower on time 6h compared to HU, while ruminal ammonia was higher (P &lt; 0.01) to animals fed HU on time 6h compared to LU. Overall, TE and U did not influence the performance of Nellore and the inclusion of TE tended to improve the efficiency in ruminal fermentation.
PSV-38 Fatty acids profile of subcutaneous fat deposition in Nellore bulls classified by feed efficiency
Authors: Batalha Camila Delveaux Araujo , Paz Ana Carolina Almeida Rollo de , Branco Renata Helena , Canesin Roberta Carrilho , Cyrillo Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves , Mercadante Maria Eugênia Zerlotti , Bonilha Sarah Figueiredo Martins 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Microbial population and ruminal fermentation patterns differ according residual feed intake (RFI) classes, with possible alterations in biohydrogenation and consequently in fatty acids (FA) profile of subcutaneous fat deposition. This study aimed to evaluate FA profile of subcutaneous fat deposition in Nellore bulls classified by RFI. Data from four different trials, totaling 106 Nellore bulls (475.5 ± 77 kg of slaughter BW and 623 ± 97 d of age at slaughter), previously classified by RFI as positive (PRFI) or negative (NRFI), were used. Fatty acids profile was determined in Longissimus muscle with fat cover samples, collected immediately after boning, vacuum packed and frozen until analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS MIXED procedure, including in the model as fixed effects RFI class and age at slaughter as covariate and as random effects feeding type within trial and year of trial. Least square means were compared by the t-test, being significance determined at P ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10. Significant difference between RFI classes was only detected for cis-vaccenic FA (C8:1 n7) (2.45 vs 2.29 g/100g; P = 0.049) and tendency for oleic FA (C18:1 n9) (34.9 vs 36.3 g/100g; P = 0.092), for PRFI and NRFI respectively. The sum of total saturated (43.4 g/ 100g), monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (12.8 g/100g) FA, revealed a significant difference between RFI classes only for total monounsaturated FA (43.2 vs 44.8 g/100g; P = 0.046) for PRFI and NRFI respectively. This difference can be due the tendency detected between RFI classes for oleic FA, which is the monounsaturated FA in the highest concentration in the profile. Monounsaturated FA are essential in human diet because they can contribute to reduced blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, exerting cardiovascular protection. In conclusion, NRFI Nellore animals have a better FA profile of subcutaneous fat deposition.
PSVII-22 Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and tibia strength of laying hens
Authors: Reyes Jomari B Delos , Kim Jong Hyuk , Park Geun Hyeon , Choi Hyeon Seok , Han Gi Ppeum , Kang Hwan Ku , Kil Dong Yong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Endogenous synthesis of vitamin C may satisfy its requirement for laying hens; however, some previous experiments showed beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin C in laying hens. Thus, the results are still controversial. The objective of the current experiment, therefore, was to investigate the effect of vitamin C supplementation in diets on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and tibia strength in laying hens. A total of 504 46-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design. Each replicate had 12 hens. Diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with vitamin C at the levels of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg/kg and were fed to hens for 6 wks. Results indicated that increasing supplementation of vitamin C in diets increased hen-day egg production and egg mass (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05), but decreased production of broken or soft-shell eggs (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) and feed conversion ratio (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). These positive effects were observable at the supplementation level of 250 mg/kg vitamin C, but there were no further benefits at the greater levels of vitamin C. Increasing supplementation of vitamin C in diets had no effects on egg quality, except for a decrease (quadratic, P &lt; 0.01) in egg yolk color with increasing vitamin C supplementation. The relative weights of the liver, kidney, and spleen were not affected by increasing supplementation of vitamin C in diets. Tibia strength was not influenced by increasing supplementation of vitamin C. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vitamin C has a beneficial effect on egg production of laying hens. Quadratic responses of increasing vitamin C supplementation in diets reveal that supplementation of 250 mg/kg vitamin C is recommended for diets fed to laying hens at 46–52 wks of age.
PSVII-39 Impact of reducing dietary fermentable protein level on growth performance in nursery pigs
Authors: Xue Pengcheng , Ebarb Sara , Williams Sabrina , Jolliff James , Zhao Junmei , Li Qingyun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inclusion of highly digestible proteins can reduce protein fermentation in the hindgut and ameliorate digestive stress after weaning. This study evaluated the impact of reduced fermentable protein (FP) level on growth performance in nursery pigs. A total of 1,760 pigs (~19 d of age; initial BW = 5.4 ± 0.1 kg) were used in a study with 5 dietary treatments, 16 pens/treatment, and 22 pigs/pen. The pigs were housed in two barns which were blocked separately by pen location and randomly allocated to treatments. Treatments were: 1) Corn, soybean meal diets with antibiotics and pharmacological levels of Cu (235 ppm) and Zn (3000 ppm) (PC); 2) Corn, soybean meal diets without antibiotics and nutritional levels of Cu and Zn and standard level of FP (NC); 3) NC + 7.5% of FP; 4) NC - 7.5% of FP; 5) NC - 15% of FP. The content of FP for each ingredient was calculated by subtracting the apparent ileal digestible CP from the apparent total tract digestible CP. Treatment diets were formulated to similar energy and nutrient levels that met or exceeded NRC (2012) requirements. Pen weights were obtained on d 0, 8, and 22.5 post-weaning and growth performance parameters were calculated. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Constructed contrasts tested the effect of antibiotics, Cu, and Zn (PC vs. NC) and level of FP (+7.5, NC, -7.5, -15%; linear and quadratic). From d 0 to 22.5 post-weaning, the NC had reduced BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F when compared to the PC (P &lt; 0.05). As the level of FP decreased, there were linear increases in BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, reducing fermentable protein in the diet by using high quality protein sources improved growth performance of nursery piglets.
PSVII-27 Effects of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on amino acid utilization efficiency for milk production in sows under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions
Authors: Zhang Sai , Johnson Jay , Trottier Nathalie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to estimate essential AA (EAA) utilization efficiency for milk production in sows (n = 24) fed control (19.6% CP) or reduced CP (RCP; 14.2% CP) diets under thermoneutral (TN; 21±1.5°C) or cycling heat stress (HS; 32±1.5°C daytime and 24±1.5°C nighttime) conditions. We hypothesized that RCP fed lactating sows with supplemental AA have increased EAA efficiency for milk production under TN and HS conditions. Diets contained 0.90% SID Lys and 2,580 kcal/kg. Sow BW and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 to estimate body protein mobilization (BPM). Piglet BW was recorded on d 1 and 21 to estimate milk yield. Amino acid efficiencies were calculated based on milk AA output relative to SID AA intake corrected for AA contribution from BPM. During HS, N, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val efficiency for milk production did not differ between sows fed control (42, 26, 44, 36, 39, 49, 52, 32, 50, 43 and 44%, respectively) and RCP (56, 39, 51, 49, 56, 47, 42, 39, 50, 59 and 41%, respectively) diets. Compared to control sows, RCP sows had greater (P &lt; 0.05) efficiency of Arg (30% vs. 61%) under TN condition. Efficiencies of His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Trp tended to be greater (P = 0.07, 0.06, 0.06, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively) in RCP compared to control sows (50, 41, 44, 36, and 50% vs. 74, 67, 75, 54 and 78%, respectively). Efficiencies of Lys, Met, Thr, Trp and Val did not differ between control and RCP sows (56, 59, 57, and 50% vs. 67, 59, 69 and 57%, respectively). In summary, an RCP diet improved efficiency of N, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Trp for milk production in lactating sows under TN but not HS conditions.
PSXIII-14 The impact of estrus intensity on variables associated with fertility in Bos taurus-influenced beef cows
Authors: Cooke Reinaldo F , Oosthuizen Nicola , Schubach Kelsey , Brandão Alice , Filho Ramiro Oliveira , Colombo Eduardo , Pohler Ky 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the impact of estrus expression and intensity on parameters associated with reproductive performance, 219 lactating, multiparous Bos taurus-influenced beef cows were enrolled in this study. Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol, where they received a 100-µg injection of GnRH and a CIDR insert on d -10, a 25-mg injection of PGF2a at CIDR removal on d -3, and an injection of GnRH 60–66 h following CIDR removal at fixed-time AI (TAI; d 0). Cows were fitted with a pedometer behind their right shoulder on d -10, and an estrus detection patch was applied to their tail-head on d -3. Estrus expression was defined as removal of &gt; 50% of the rub-off coating from the patch on d 0. Net physical activity during estrus was calculated by subtracting daily activity during the non-estrus period (d -10 to -3) from activity during the expected estrus period (d -3 to 0). Cows were classified into 3 groups: cows that did not express estrus (NOESTR; n = 119), cows that expressed estrus with net physical activity greater than the median (HIESTR; n = 50), and the remaining cows (LWESTR; n = 50). Ultrasonography was performed on d -3, 0, and 7 to determine the presence and size of ovarian structures. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 29 d after TAI. Net physical activity was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P &lt; 0.01). Dominant follicle size was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, HIESTR had greater corpus luteum volume on d 7 than LWESTR and NOESTR (P &lt; 0.01). Pregnancy rates to AI (PR/AI) were greater in HIESTR and LWESTR compared to NOESTR (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, cows that expressed estrus at a greater intensity had improved ovarian dynamics. Additionally, cows that exhibited estrus had greater PR/AI compared to non-estrual cows.
PSXIII-21 Changes of blood biochemical parameters of Chinese Holstein cows in different seasons
Authors: hu Lirong , Dou Jinhuan , Guo Gang , Xu Qing , Wang Yachun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted to understand the effect of seasonal change on blood biochemical parameters and verify potential blood biochemical parameters which were selected as candidates for thermal stress response evaluation of Chinese Holstein cows in the previous study using independent individuals. A total of 652 healthy lactating Holstein cows from Sanyuan dairy farm were selected as experimental animals. Their milk production data and blood samples used for detection of blood biochemical parameters, were collected in spring (April), summer (August), fall (November) and winter (January), respectively, as well as the continuous temperature and humidity of cowsheds. The changes in 13 blood biochemical parameters (ACTH, BUN, COR, CRP, GH, GLU, HSP70, LD, LPO, NE, PRL, SOD, T3) among seasons were evaluated by MIXED models in SAS9.2 software. Our results showed that 1) The temperature and humidity index (THI) before sampling for continuous 8 days displayed experimental animals had no stress in spring and fall, but in summer and winter experienced heat and cold stress, respectively; 2) All of above 13 blood biochemical parameters had highly significant difference among seasons (P &lt; 0.01). The concentrations of 8 parameters were significantly higher in summer (P &lt; 0.05), but other 5 parameters were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05). In winter, 6 parameters were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05), and other 5 parameters were significant lower (P &lt; 0.05); 3) The changes of 8 parameters (such as GH, PRL) between summer and fall, as well as 6 parameters (such as ACTH, SOD) between winter and fall were consistent as the previous study. These results revealed that heat and cold stress had serious effects on physiological condition of Chinese Holstein cows, and multiple parameters had been confirming to be used as candidates for the evaluation of temperature stress in Holstein cows.
PSXI-1 Effects of mineral supplementation during summer on physiological variables and milk production in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Rio-Aviles Andrea Dahnae del , Correa-Calderon Abelardo , Avendaño-Reyes Leonel , Thomas Milton G , Enns R Mark , Speidel Scott E , Sanchez-Castro Miguel Angel , Zamorano-Algandar Ricardo , Luna-Nevárez Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Summer season in northwest Mexico is characterized by hot-humid weather conditions that lead to heat stress and affect physiological and productive performance of lactating Holstein cows. Mineral supplementation has been proposed as strategy to alleviate negative effects of heat stress in dairy cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an injectable mineral supplement on physiological variables and milk production in Holstein cows managed during summer. Sixteen cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: Mineral-treated (TRT; n = 8) or control (CON; n = 8). The TRT group received 3 injections of Fosfosan® (10 ml, i.m., Virbac, Uruguay), on days 0, 7 and 17, considering summer onset as day 0 (June 21st), whereas group CON was untreated. Physiological variables such as respiratory rate (RR), vaginal temperature (VT) and skin-surface temperature (SST), were registered twice a week (0500-1700 h) during 6 weeks. Ambient temperature and humidity were collected to calculate the daily temperature and humidity index (THI). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures, which included fixed effects of treatment, time and treatment*time, and sire as random effect. According to the THI, Holstein cows were exposed to heat stress during the experiment (&gt;72 units). Cows in the TRT group showed higher (P &lt; 0.05) milk production than CON cows (17.93±0.47 vs 17.02±0.51 kg/day) and lower (P &lt; 0.01) VT (39.14±0.11 vs 39.46±0.15 °C). Relative to CON cows, treated cows also had lower RR (63.16±0.65 vs 64.47±0.76 breaths/min) and lower SST (33.75±0.15 vs 34.02±0.16 °C). All physiological variables showed a significant effect of time (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, mineral supplementation during summer appears to improve physiological and productive performance in heat-stressed milking dairy cows; therefore, we suggest to consider this management as strategy to reduce negative effects of summer and heat stress on the dairy industry in northwest Mexico.
PSXI-36 Effects of antifungal and fibrinolytic inoculants on fermentation quality, rumen digestibility, and aerobic stability of rye silage harvested at early dough stage
Authors: Paradhipta Dimas Hand Vidya , Lee Seong Shin , lee Hyuk jun , Joo Young Ho , Choi In-Hag , Kim Sam Churl 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study estimated the effects of new inoculants on fermentation quality and rumen digestibility of rye silage with different moisture contents. New inoculants were isolated for producing antifungal substances (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8) and fibrinolytic enzymes (Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4), and mixed at 1:1 ratio. Rye forage was harvested at 20 days after heading stage, and chopped into 3–5 cm length. The chopped forage ensiled immediately (high moisture, High) or after 8 h wilting (low moisture, Low) into 10-L mini silo (8kg) with new inoculants at 7.5 × 105 cfu/g (MIX) or commercial inoculant (L. plantarum CMbio) at 8.0 × 105 cfu/g (LPT) for 100 days in quadruplicate. Wilting process did not affect chemical compositions of rye forages, except dry matter (DM) content (P &lt; 0.001; 42.8 vs. 34.7%) was higher in High than in Low. Rye silage in High had lower (P &lt; 0.001) DM with higher (P &lt; 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro digestibilities of DM (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) than in Low. Additionally, NDF (P &lt; 0.01), hemicellulose (P = 0.005), IVDMD (P = 0.005), and IVNDFD (P = 0.045) of rye silages were higher in MIX than those in LPT. Rye silage had lower (P &lt; 0.05) pH by High or MIX application. Acetate concentration of rye silage was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in MIX than in LPT, but lower (P &lt; 0.001) lactate to acetate ratio. Yeast was lower (P = 0.006) in MIX than in LTP. There were the interaction effects (P &lt; 0.05) between moisture and inoculant on ammonia-N, lactate, propionate, lactic acid bacteria, and aerobic stability of rye silage. Therefore, this study could conclude that new inoculant improved the fermentation quality of rye silage harvested at early dough stage, which showed the beneficial effects on rumen digestibility with high moisture rye forage and on aerobic stability with low moisture.
PSXII-27 The effect of Quercus cortex extract added separately or with probiotic to ruminal fluid of cattle (in vitro) on microbiota and fermentation characteristics
Authors: Makaeva Aina , Duskaev Galimzhan , Nurzhanov Baer , Rysaev Albert , Rakhmatullin Shamil , Inchagova Ksenia , Rayzanov Vitalii 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Following the rejection of antibiotics, the effectiveness of plant substances and probiotics is actively studied in order to increase the productivity of cattle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Quercus cortex extract (1 ml/kg b. w.) (QC) on rumen microbiota and characteristics of fermentation against the background of control (C). It was added separately or with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus; 80.0: 1.0) (QC + Pr) as a substrate to the diets of bulls having rumen fistula (12 months of age, diet - 70% hay, 30% barley grain, within 8 days). The parameters of fermentation (CH4, volatile fatty acids) were analyzed every day during the entire period, and the microbiota of archaea and bacteria (microbes associated with fluid) was analyzed using high-performance sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The QC was prepared by grinding, extraction in a water bath (30 min., 700C) and filtration. The results of this study showed that the production of propionate was higher (P ≤ 0.05) with the substrate QC + Pr compared to C. Bacterial communities differed in feed substrates: Bacteroidetes relatively prevailed with QC and Pr, just like Proteobacteria with QC + Pr C (P ≤ 0.05). At the level of Prevotellaceae family, dominance was registered with QC and Pr (P ≤ 0.05), as well as in genus Prevotella. Firmicutes tended to decrease in all variants as compared with C, the Lactobacillaceae family - with Pr (P ≤ 0.05), and Clostridia - with QC + Pr. In Pr variant there was an increase in Ascomycota and Saccharomycetaceae (P ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the potential joint use of plant and probiotic substances as a natural feed additive that may play a role in metabolism of propionate, without adverse effect on rumen’s microbiota. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048).