bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of Antimutagenic Effects on Chromosomes and Cell Division Mechanisms against Mitomycine C in Human Lymphocyte Culture of Liquid Extracts Obtained from Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Kaya Müge Mavioğlu , Gül Süleyman 
Published: December 2020

Aims: In this study, we determined that whether the liquid extracts of the above-ground parts of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Rubus idaeus L. have antimutagenic effects against mitomycin C in human peripheral lymphocytes, chromosome aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN) and mitotic index (MI) tests.
Methodology: Blood samples of the negative control group (Group I) were allowed to react in a cell culture medium without any treatment, while positive control group (Group II) was allowed to interact in a cell culture medium supplemented with mitomycin-C (MMC) at a dose of 0.3 μL /mL for each chromosome medium. Blood samples of the other groups were allowed to react for 24 hours with 0.3 μL /mL MMC and V. myrtillus L. (Group III, IV, V and VI), and R. idaeus L. (VII, VIII, IX and X) extracts in 0.2 μL /mL, 0.4 μL /mL, 0.8 μL /mL and 1.6 μL /mL doses for each of cell cultures. At the end of the incubation period, culture cells were evaluated by chromosomal aberrations, mitotic, micronucleus and nuclear division index tests.
Results: Compared with Group II, it was determined that mitotic, nuclear division and nuclear cytotoxic cleavage indices were increased when chromosome aberrations and micronucleus indexes were decreased in extract groups. When we compared to extract groups and group II, we observed that chromosome aberrations and micronucleus index decreased in extract groups, while mitotic, nuclear division and nuclear cytotoxic cleavage indices were increased.
Conclusion: It was concluded that aqueous extracts of V. myrtillus L. and Rubus idaeus L. had significantly antimutagenic effects on the human peripheral lymphocyte cells at the working doses.
First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins
Authors: Chang Yu , Wang Liu , Li Ruya , Zhang Zhichao , Wang Qi , Yang Junlong , Guo Chuan Fei , Pan Tingrui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, a brand‐new pressure‐ and tactile‐sensing modality, known as iontronic sensing has emerged, utilizing the supercapacitive nature of the electrical double layer (EDL) that occurs at the electrolytic–electronic interface, leading to ultrahigh device sensitivity, high noise immunity, high resolution, high spatial definition, optical transparency, and responses to both static and dynamic stimuli, in addition to thin and flexible device architectures. Together, it offers unique combination of enabling features to tackle the grand challenges in pressure‐ and tactile‐sensing applications, in particular, with recent interest and rapid progress in the development of robotic intelligence, electronic skin, wearable health as well as the internet‐of‐things, from both academic and industrial communities. A historical perspective of the iontronic sensing discovery, an overview of the fundamental working mechanism along with its device architectures, a survey of the unique material aspects and structural designs dedicated, and finally, a discussion of the newly enabled applications, technical challenges, and future outlooks are provided for this promising sensing modality with implementations. The state‐of‐the‐art developments of the iontronic sensing technology in its first decade are summarized, potentially providing a technical roadmap for the next wave of innovations and breakthroughs in this field.
Electrochemiluminescent Transistors: A New Strategy toward Light‐Emitting Switching Devices
Authors: Lee Seonjeong , Lee Han Ju , Ji Yena , Lee Keun Hyung , Hong Kihyon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting transistors (LETs) have attracted a significant amount of interest as multifunctional building blocks for next‐generation electronics and optoelectronic devices. However, it is challenging to obtain LETs with a high carrier mobility and uniform light‐emission because the semiconductor channel should provide both the electrical charge transport and optical light‐emission, and typical emissive semiconductors have low, imbalanced carrier mobilities. In this work, a novel device platform that adapts the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) principle in LETs, referred to as an ECL transistor (ECLT) is proposed. ECL is a light‐emission phenomenon from electrochemically excited luminophores generated by redox reactions. A solid‐state ECL electrolyte consisting of a network‐forming polymer, ionic liquid, luminophore, and co‐reactant is employed as the light‐emitting gate insulator of the ECLT. Based on this construction, high‐performance LETs that make use of various conventional non‐emissive semiconductors (e.g., poly(3‐hexylthiophene), zinc oxide, and reduced graphene oxide) are successfully demonstrated. All the devices exhibit a high mobility (0.9–10 cm2 V−1 s−1) and a uniform light‐emission. This innovative approach demonstrates a novel LET platform and provides a promising pathway to achieve significant breakthroughs to develop electronic circuits and optoelectronic applications.
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Enabled through Nacre‐Mimetic Nanocomposite Design
Authors: Yao Xuyang , Wang Jie , Jiao Dejin , Huang Zizhao , Mhirsi Oumaima , Lossada Francisco , Chen Lisa , Haehnle Bastian , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Ma Xiang , Tian He , Walther Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA generic, facile, and waterborne strategy is introduced to fabricate flexible, low‐cost nanocomposite films with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) by incorporating waterborne RTP polymers into self‐assembled bioinspired polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites. The excellent oxygen barrier of the lamellar nanoclay structure suppresses the quenching effect from ambient oxygen (kq) and broadens the choice of polymer matrices towards lower glass transition temperature (Tg), while providing better mechanical properties and processability. Moreover, the oxygen permeation and diffusion inside the films can be fine‐tuned by varying the polymer/nanoclay ratio, enabling programmable retention times of the RTP signals, which is exploited for transient information storage and anti‐counterfeiting materials. Additionally, anti‐interception materials are showcased by tracing the interception‐induced oxygen history that interferes with the preset self‐erasing time. Merging bioinspired nanocomposite design with RTP materials contributes to overcoming the inherent limitations of molecular design of organic RTP compounds, and allows programmable temporal features to be added into RTP materials by controlled mesostructures. This will assist in paving the way for practical applications of RTP materials as novel anti‐counterfeiting materials.
A Wind‐Driven Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Electret and Polylactide Polymer‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Temperature Detection System
Authors: Zhang Jinxi , Gong Shaobo , Li Xin , Liang Junrui , Wang Zhong Lin , Ren Kailiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith growing interest in artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, self‐powered electronics have gained considerable attention. In this investigation, a wind‐driven hybrid nanogenerator system comprising a poly(l‐lactic acid)‐based piezoelectric nanogenerator and a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) electret‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (E‐TENG) is proposed. At a wind speed of 5.1 m s−1, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current (Isc) of the hybrid nanogenerator (NG) reach ≈140 V and 16 µA, respectively. The maximum output power of the hybrid NG reaches ≈0.49 mW with a matching resistance of 8 MΩ, which is 22% larger than the output power of the E‐TENG. The hybrid NG can charge a lithium battery to 2.9 V in 8 h. Furthermore, the charged battery can be employed to drive an IR remote controlled light‐emitting diode lamp and turn the lamp on and off. In addition, it can be combined with a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) temperature sensor to form a self‐powered BLE temperature detection system. The hybrid NG shows great promise in self‐powered environmental monitoring and detection applications.
Genetics influence postharvest measurements of flue‐cured tobacco more than nitrogen application rate
Authors: Cheek Joseph A. , Vann Matthew C. , Lewis Ramsey S. , Fisher Loren R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRegulations under consideration by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization propose that nicotine concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) should be lowered to non‐addictive levels (0.3 to 0.5 mg g−1). The proposed standards are 90 to 95% lower than the nicotine concentration typically documented in commercially available cultivars. Research was conducted in six environments to evaluate two cultivars with normal alkaloid levels (K326 and NC95) and four genotypes with low alkaloid levels (DH16A, DH22A, DH32, and LAFC53). Each cultivar and genotype was paired with three N application rates: 70, 85, and 100% of the recommended rate. As N application declined, so too did cured leaf yield and nicotine, anabasine, and anatabine concentration in K326 and NC95. These factors were generally not affected by N application in the low alkaloid genotypes. In contrast, LAFC53 consistently produced the lowest cured leaf quality, value, and reducing sugar concentration when compared to all other cultivars. This observation demonstrates that K326 isolines are agronomically superior to LAFC53. Despite reductions in nicotine, the lowest documented concentration was still 10‐fold greater than the proposed minimum (LAFC53). Nitrogen did not influence the measured parameters as much as genetics; therefore, additional research that involves other agronomic practices is warranted. In addition, further genetic manipulation will be required to meet the standards proposed by regulatory groups.
Head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international, multicenter, observational cohort study
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe aims of this study were to provide data on the safety of head and neck cancer surgery currently being undertaken during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis international, observational cohort study comprised 1137 consecutive patients with head and neck cancer undergoing primary surgery with curative intent in 26 countries. Factors associated with severe pulmonary complications in COVID‐19–positive patients and infections in the surgical team were determined by univariate analysis.ResultsAmong the 1137 patients, the commonest sites were the oral cavity (38%) and the thyroid (21%). For oropharynx and larynx tumors, nonsurgical therapy was favored in most cases. There was evidence of surgical de‐escalation of neck management and reconstruction. Overall 30‐day mortality was 1.2%. Twenty‐nine patients (3%) tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) within 30 days of surgery; 13 of these patients (44.8%) developed severe respiratory complications, and 3.51 (10.3%) died. There were significant correlations with an advanced tumor stage and admission to critical care. Members of the surgical team tested positive within 30 days of surgery in 40 cases (3%). There were significant associations with operations in which the patients also tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 within 30 days, with a high community incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, with screened patients, with oral tumor sites, and with tracheostomy.ConclusionsHead and neck cancer surgery in the COVID‐19 era appears safe even when surgery is prolonged and complex. The overlap in COVID‐19 between patients and members of the surgical team raises the suspicion of failures in cross‐infection measures or the use of personal protective equipment.Lay Summary

Head and neck surgery is safe for patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic even when it is lengthy and complex.

This is significant because concerns over patient safety raised in many guidelines appear not to be reflected by outcomes, even for those who have other serious illnesses or require complex reconstructions.

Patients subjected to suboptimal or nonstandard treatments should be carefully followed up to optimize their cancer outcomes.

The overlap between patients and surgeons testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is notable and emphasizes the need for fastidious cross‐infection controls and effective personal protective equipment.
A distributed system for supporting smart irrigation using Internet of Things technology
Authors: Abdelmoamen Ahmed Ahmed , Al Omari Suhib , Awal Ripendra , Fares Ali , Chouikha Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present the design and implementation of a smart irrigation system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which can be used for automating the irrigation process in agricultural fields. It is expected that this system would create a better opportunity for farmers to irrigate their fields efficiently, as well as eliminating the field's under‐watering, which could stress the plants. The developed system is organized into three parts: sensing side, cloud side, and user side. We used Microsoft Azure IoT Hub as an underlying infrastructure to coordinate the interaction between the three sides. The sensing side uses a Raspberry Pi 3 device, which is a low‐cost, credit‐card sized computer device that is used to monitor in near real‐time soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity, and other weather parameters of the field of interest. Sensors readings are logged and transmitted to the cloud side. At the cloud side, the received sensing data is used by the irrigation scheduling model to determine when and for how long the water pump should be turned on based on a user‐predefined threshold. The user side is developed as an Android mobile app, which is used to control the operations of the water pump with voice recognition capabilities. Finally, this system was evaluated using various performance metrics, such as latency and scalability.
Long‐term outcomes of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease in the biologic era
Authors: Lee Tanya , Kamm Michael A , Bell Sally , Lust Mark , Brown Steve , Niewiadomski Ola , Basnayake Chamara , Wright Emily , D'Souza Basil , Woods Rodney , Wei Shu Chen , Connell William , Thompson Alexander , Yong Eric , Ding Nik Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWhile the advent of biologic therapy has led to improved outcomes in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD), loss of response is common. Previous studies suggest that patients who achieve radiological healing (with healing of underlying tracts on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have a longer duration of response. The aim of this study was to characterize MRI outcomes of pfCD at a specialist inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit and compare the long‐term clinical outcomes between patients achieving MRI and clinical healing.MethodsA retrospective analysis of perianal fistulizing Crohn's patients treated at one specialist IBD unit was performed. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, disease history, clinical assessments, investigation results, and disease flares. Clinical remission was defined as closure of all baseline fistula openings. Radiological healing was defined as the absence of any T2‐hyperintense sinuses, tracts, or collections. The primary end‐point was rate of MRI healing. The secondary outcome was defined as flare‐free period (time between clinical or radiological healing and patients' first signs/symptoms requiring therapy escalation).ResultsA total of 93 patients were included, with a median follow‐up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.4–6 years). Of 44 patients, 22 (50%) achieved clinical remission, while 15 of 93 (16%) achieved radiological healing. Of 22 patients, 10 (45%) with clinical remission had a subsequent disease flare (median time of 7 months) compared with 3 of 15 (20%) patients with MRI healing (median time of 3.6 years). Radiological healing was associated with a significantly longer flare‐free period (P = 0.01).ConclusionRadiological healing occurs less commonly but represents a deeper form of healing, associated with improved long‐term clinical outcomes.
High variability in the measurement of HIV primary prevention activities and outcomes
Authors: Sekimitsu Sayuri , DePasse Jacqueline , Morrison Michelle , Mahy Mary , Rice Brian , Earle Kristen , Daley Kate , Larson Jim , Carter Anna , Garnett Geoff P , Holmes Charles B 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhile there is a global consensus on monitoring Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment progress, there has been less attention to the degree of consistency of the measurement of HIV prevention programmes—and the global prevention response is not on‐track to achieve 2020 goals. In this paper, we assess the degree of variability in primary prevention indicators selected by national strategic plans (NSPs) and global stakeholder monitoring and evaluation (M&E) strategies.MethodsWe obtained the most recent NSPs from low and middle income Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Fast‐Track countries, and M&E documents from The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (The Global Fund), President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), UNAIDS, the Global HIV Prevention Coalition and the World Health Organization (WHO). We extracted HIV primary prevention indicators from each document, standardized and aggregated them by age/ sex, categorized indicators by topic, and evaluated the frequency of matched indicators between countries and stakeholders. Data were collected between February and April of 2019.ResultsTwenty‐one NSPs and five global stakeholder documents were assessed; 736 primary prevention indicators were identified; 284 remained following standardization and aggregation. NSPs contained from 3 to 48 primary prevention indicators, with an average of 23; categories included: HIV education and outreach (17.6%), testing (17.3%) and condom use (16.2%). Of unique national indicators, only 34% was shared between two or more countries. Sixty‐nine per cent was applied in a single country only. 56% of NSP indicators did not appear in any global stakeholder document. Conversely, 42% of global indicators did not appear in any surveyed NSPs. Within global indicators, 63% was only measured by one global body, and no single indicator was measured by all five.ConclusionsThese analyses reveal a lack of consensus both between and within countries’ and global stakeholders' measurement of HIV prevention. Though some variability is expected, these findings point to a need to refocus attention on achieving greater consensus on a global measurement framework for HIV prevention.
Chebyshev polynomials for the numerical modeling of non‐uniform substrate integrated waveguides
Authors: Rabaani Karima , Added Maha , Boulejfen Noureddine , Kouki Ammar B. , Ghannouchi Fadhel M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new method‐of‐moments‐based approach is proposed for the analysis of non‐uniform lossy substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) transmission lines. The approach incorporates Chebyshev expansion in the frequency domain to compute the scattering parameter matrix of the line. To validate the proposed approach of non‐uniform structures are analyzed where two of them have been fabricated and measured. The analytical and measured S parameters were compared to those obtained through electromagnetic finite element‐based simulations. The good match observed between the two sets of results for a relatively reasonable number of basis functions confirms the accuracy and the fast convergence of the proposed approach. This makes it the most suitable for integration into computer‐aided design tools.
Advantages and challenges of Pickering emulsions applied to bio‐based films: a mini‐review
Authors: Niro Carolina M , Medeiros Jackson A , Freitas John AM , Azeredo Henriette MC 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe strategy of adding hydrophobic compounds to bio‐based films (usually based on hydrophilic matrices), forming films containing emulsions, is a technique that has been used to improve some physical properties (such as reducing water solubility and water vapor permeability) and / or to impart properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial effects by carrying hydrophobic active components that would otherwise be insoluble in hydrophilic matrices. Although Pickering emulsions have been reported as presenting greater stability when compared with surfactant‐stabilized emulsions, little is known about the drying stability of Pickering emulsions (which is important for film applications). Anyway, several studies have indicated that Pickering emulsions are interesting systems to improve the water vapor barrier properties of bio‐based films and coatings, and to act as carriers of active hydrophobic components. On the other hand, the tensile properties of those films are usually impaired by the presence of Pickering emulsions. The objective of this review is to present recent developments and future perspectives in bio‐based films loaded with Pickering emulsions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Semantic segmentation of corrosive critical designs in body‐in‐white structures for corrosion simulation
Authors: Waibel Ludwig , Mittelbach Andreas , Funken Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScaling finite element method (FEM) based corrosion simulations to whole body‐in‐white structures lead to extremely high computational costs. As corrosion only appears in corrosive critical areas, the FEM is restricted to these. The objective is a semantic segmentation of corrosive critical designs, which are part edges and flanges in body‐in‐white structures. Different deterministic as well as Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches are proposed and compared with respect to their ability to segment critical designs based on the geometry and the spatial relations of the parts only. The deterministic edge detection provides a fast and highly accurate way to segment part edges, whereas the described deterministic flange detection is not suitable for capturing the full diversity of flange structures. As the feature‐based Machine Learning approach evaluates more properties in a more flexible way, the performance of the flange detection is significantly increased and even the edge segmentation obtains slightly better results. The evaluation of graph structures with a Geometric Deep Learning method fails as the train set is too small to sufficiently represent the complex and various structures in the test set.