bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and molecular testing patterns in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in the Connect® MDS/AML Disease Registry
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. , George Tracy I. , Abedi Mehrdad , Bejar Rafael , Cogle Christopher R. , Foucar Kathryn , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Grinblatt David L. , Komrokji Rami S. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Revicki Dennis A. , Roboz Gail J. , Savona Michael R. , Scott Bart L. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Thompson Michael A. , Kurtin Sandra E. , Louis Chrystal U. , Nifenecker Melissa , Flick E. Dawn , Swern Arlene S. , Kiselev Pavel , Steensma David P. , Erba Harry P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiagnostic and molecular genetic testing are key in advancing the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet little is known about testing patterns outside of clinical trials, especially in older patients. We analyzed diagnostic and molecular testing patterns over time in 565 patients aged ≥ 55 years with newly diagnosed AML enrolled in the Connect® MDS/AML Disease Registry (NCT01688011) in the United States. Diagnostic data were recorded at enrolment and compared with published guidelines. The percentage of bone marrow blasts was reported for 82.1% of patients, and cellularity was the most commonly reported bone marrow morphological feature. Flow cytometry, karyotyping, molecular testing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed in 98.8%, 95.4%, 75.9%, and 75.7% of patients, respectively. Molecular testing was done more frequently at academic than community/government sites (84.3% vs 70.2%; P < .001). Enrolment to the Registry after 2016 was significantly associated with molecular testing at academic sites (odds ratio [OR] 2.59; P = .023) and at community/government sites (OR 4.85; P < .001) in logistic regression analyses. Better understanding of practice patterns may identify unmet needs and inform institutional protocols regarding the diagnosis of patients with AML.
Coronavirus disease 2019 induces multi‐lineage, morphologic changes in peripheral blood cells
Authors: Lüke Florian , Orsó Evelyn , Kirsten Jana , Poeck Hendrik , Grube Matthias , Wolff Daniel , Burkhardt Ralph , Lunz Dirk , Lubnow Matthias , Schmidt Barbara , Hitzenbichler Florian , Hanses Frank , Salzberger Bernd , Evert Matthias , Herr Wolfgang , Brochhausen Christoph , Pukrop Tobias , Reichle Albrecht , Heudobler Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) varies from mild symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, hyperinflammation, and coagulation disorder. The hematopoietic system plays a critical role in the observed hyperinflammation, particularly in severely ill patients. We conducted a prospective diagnostic study performing a blood differential analyzing morphologic changes in peripheral blood of COVID‐19 patients. COVID‐19 associated morphologic changes were defined in a training cohort and subsequently validated in a second cohort (n = 45). Morphologic aberrations were further analyzed by electron microscopy (EM) and flow cytometry of lymphocytes was performed. We included 45 COVID‐19 patients in our study (median age 58 years; 82% on intensive care unit). The blood differential showed a specific pattern of pronounced multi‐lineage aberrations in lymphocytes (80%) and monocytes (91%) of patients. Overall, 84%, 98%, and 98% exhibited aberrations in granulopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and thrombopoiesis, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural equivalents of the observed changes and confirmed the multi‐lineage aberrations already seen by light microscopy. The morphologic pattern caused by COVID‐19 is characteristic and underlines the serious perturbation of the hematopoietic system. We defined a hematologic COVID‐19 pattern to facilitate further independent diagnostic analysis and to investigate the impact on the hematologic system during the clinical course of COVID‐19 patients.
Condom use among young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe: a prevention cascade analysis to identify gaps in HIV prevention programming
Authors: Chabata Sungai T , Hensen Bernadette , Chiyaka Tarisai , Mushati Phillis , Busza Joanna , Floyd Sian , Birdthistle Isolde , Hargreaves James R , Cowan Frances M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW), including those who sell sex in sub‐Saharan Africa, are especially vulnerable to HIV. Reaching them with effective prevention is a programmatic priority. The HIV prevention cascade can be used to track intervention coverage, and identify gaps and opportunities for programme strengthening. The aim of this study was to characterise gaps in condom use and identify reasons underlying these gaps among young women who sell sex (YWSS) in Zimbabwe using data from enrolment into an impact evaluation of the DREAMS programme. DREAMS provided a package of biomedical, social and economic interventions to AGYW aged 10 to 24 with the aim of reducing HIV incidence.MethodsIn 2017, we recruited YWSS aged 18 to 24 using respondent‐driven sampling in six sites across Zimbabwe. We measured knowledge about efficacy of, access to, and effective (consistent) use of condoms with the most recent three sexual partners, separately by whether YWSS self‐identified as female sex workers (FSW) or not. Among YWSS without knowledge about efficacy of, not having access to, and not effectively using condoms, we described the potential reasons underlying the gaps in the condom cascade. To identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with effective condom use, we used logistic regression modelling. All analyses were RDS‐II weighted and restricted to YWSS testing HIV‐negative at enrolment.ResultsWe enrolled 2431 YWSS. Among 1842 (76%) YWSS testing HIV‐negative, 66% (n = 1221) self‐identified as FSW. 89% of HIV‐negative YWSS demonstrated knowledge about efficacy of condoms, 80% reported access to condoms and 58% reported using condoms consistently with the three most recent sexual partners. Knowledge about efficacy of and effective use of condoms was similar regardless of whether or not YWSS self‐identified as FSW, but YWSS self‐identifying as FSW reported better access to condoms compared to those who did not (87% vs 68%; age‐ and site‐adjusted (adjOR) = 2.69; 95% CI: 2.01 to 3.60;p < 0.001). Women who reported experiencing sexual violence in the past year and common mental disorder in the past week were less likely to use condoms consistently (43% vs. 60%; adjOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.68;p < 0.001) and (51% vs. 61%; adjOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.97;p = 0.029), respectively.ConclusionsDespite high knowledge about efficacy of and access to condoms, there remain large gaps in self‐reported consistent condom use among YWSS. Addressing the structural determinants of YWSS’ inconsistent condom use, including violence, could reduce this gap. YWSS who do not self‐identify as FSW have less access to condoms and may require additional programmatic intervention.
The brain structure of selected trypanorhynch tapeworms
Authors: Biserova Natalia M. , Korneva Janetta V. , Polyakova Tatiana A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe brain architecture in four species of tapeworms from the order Trypanorhyncha has been studied. In all species, the brain consists of paired anterior and lateral lobes, and an unpaired central lobe. The anterior lobes connect by dorsal and ventral semicircular commissures; the central and lateral lobes connect by a median and an X‐shaped crisscross commissure. In the center of the brain, five well‐developed compact neuropils are present. The brain occupies a medial position in the scolex pars bothrialis. The ventral excretory vessels are situated outside the lateral lobes of the brain; the dorsal excretory vessels are located inside the brain and dorsal to the median commissure. The brain gives rize four anterior proboscis nerves and four posterior bulbar nerves with myelinated giant axons (GAs). The cell bodies of the GAs are located within the X‐commissure and in the bulbar nerves. Highly developed serotonergic neuropils are present in the anterior and lateral lobes; numerous 5‐HT neurons are found in the brain lobes including the central unpaired lobe. The X‐cross commissure consists of the α‐tub‐immunoreactive and 5‐HT‐IR neurites. Eight ultrastructural types of neurons were found in the brain of the three species investigated. In addition, different types of synapses were present in the neuropils. Glial cells ensheath the brain lobes, the neuropils, the GAs, and the bulbar nerves. Glia cell processes form complex branching patterns of thin cytoplasmic sheets sandwiched between adjacent neural processes and filling the space between neurons. Multilayer myelin‐like envelopes and a mesaxon‐like structure have been found in Trypanorhyncha nervous system. We compared the brain architecture of Trypanorhyncha with that of an early basal cestode taxon, that is, Diphyllobothriidea, and present a hypothesis about the homology of the anterior brain lobes in order Trypanorhyncha; and the lateral lobes and median commissure are homologous brain structures within Eucestoda.
Identification and characterization of impurities in an insecticide, bifenthrin technical
Authors: Kannoujia Jyoti , Bangalore Pavan Kumar , Kantevari Srinivas , Sripadi Prabhakar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe HPLC‐DAD and GC/MS methods were successfully used for the identification and characterization of the impurities in an agrochemical insecticide, bifenthrin technical. Three impurities ranging from 0.175%–0.541% were detected by the HPLC‐DAD method. The LC/MS technique with ESI or APCI source failed to detect the impurities detected by HPLC‐DAD, due to lack of ionization in ESI or APCI. The three impurities were enriched by prep‐HPLC, and then their structures were elucidated based on the GC/EIMS and CIMS data. The EI mass spectra of bifenthrin and its impurities displayed molecular ion and provided structure indicative fragment ions; the CIMS data further confirmed their molecular weight. The identity of the impurity 1 was further confirmed by the synthesis of the authentic sample followed by NMR and GC/MS data.
The extremophile Anoxybacillus sp. PC2 isolated from Brazilian semiarid region (Caatinga) produces a thermostable keratinase
Authors: Reis Sharon V. dos , Beys‐da‐Silva Walter O. , Tirloni Lucas , Santi Lucélia , Seixas Adriana , Termignoni Carlos , Silva Márcia V. da , Macedo Alexandre J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to select and identify thermophilic bacteria from Caatinga biome (Brazil) able to produce thermoactive keratinases and characterize the keratinase produced by the selected isolate. After enrichment in keratin culture media, an Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus PC2 was isolated. This thermotolerant isolate presents a remarkable feature producing a thermostable keratinase at 60°C. The partially purified keratinase, identified as a thermolysin‐like peptidase, was active at a pH range of 5.0–10.0 with maximal activity at a temperature range of 50–80°C. The optimal activity was observed at pH 7.0 and 50–60°C. These characteristics are potentially useful for biotechnological purposes such as processing and bioconversion of keratin.
Effects of body weight‐supported treadmill training on cartilage‐subchondral bone unit in the rat model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Hao Xiaoxia , Wang Shengjie , Zhang Jiaming , Xu Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a subset of osteoarthritis (OA) resulting from the integrated outcome of joint injury, accounting for more than 12% of the overall OA cases. Although current therapies restore joint kinematics and alleviate inflammation, more than 20% patients undergo the unexpected progression of PTOA. Exercise is widely recommended to patients with OA and treadmill training is effective in preventing osteoarthritic changes in PTOA animals. However, the understanding gap of modified treadmill exercise models with different exercise dose and loading weight still exists. To evaluate the effects of body weight‐supported treadmill training on PTOA, 30 rats were divided into the sham group (n = 6) and the PTOA group (n = 24) which were further assigned into three subgroups including the sedentary, the treadmill walking (TW), and the body weight‐supported treadmill training (BWSTT) groups. The training groups were subjected to 4‐week treadmill training at the speed of 15 m/min for 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. Then the tibias were elevated by histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, and micro‐computed tomography. In our results, the significant OA‐relevant changes in cartilage‐subchondral bone unit were observed in the PTOA groups after surgery, characterized by cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. After 4‐week treadmill training, the OA‐relevant changes in cartilage‐subchondral bone unit were alleviated and BWSTT is more efficient to maintain cartilage integrity and attenuate the subchondral bone loss and remodeling than TW. In conclusion, BWSTT is a promising and favorable treatment of PTOA slowing down the development of PTOA by reprogramming the cartilage‐subchondral unit.
Carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen emissions from biochar‐amended soils under wastewater irrigated urban vegetable production of Burkina Faso and Ghana
Authors: Manka'abusi Delphine , Lompo Désiré J. P. , Steiner Christoph , Ingold Mariko , Akoto-Danso Edmund Kyei , Werner Steffen , Häring Volker , Nyarko George , Marschner Bernd , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo quantify carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses in soils of West African urban and peri‐urban agriculture (UPA) we measured fluxes of CO2‐C, N2O‐N, and NH3‐N from irrigated fields in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and Tamale, Ghana, under different fertilization and (waste‐)water regimes. Compared with the unamended control, application of fertilizers increased average cumulative CO2‐C emissions during eight cropping cycles in Ouagadougou by 103% and during seven cropping cycles in Tamale by 42%. Calculated total emissions measured across all cropping cycles reached 14 t C ha−1in Ouagadougou, accounting for 73% of the C applied as organic fertilizer over a period of two years at this site, and 9 t C ha−1in Tamale. Compared with unamended control plots, fertilizer application increased N2O‐N emissions in Ouagadougou during different cropping cycles, ranging from 37 to 360%, while average NH3‐N losses increased by 670%. Fertilizer application had no significant effects on N2O‐N losses in Tamale. While wastewater irrigation did not significantly enhance CO2‐C emissions in Ouagadougou, average CO2‐C emissions in Tamale were 71% (1.6 t C ha−1) higher on wastewater plots compared with those of the control (0.9 t C ha−1). However, no significant effects of wastewater on N2O‐N and NH3‐N emissions were observed at either location. Although biochar did not affect N2O‐N and NH3‐N losses, the addition of biochar could contribute to reducing CO2‐C emissions from urban garden soils. When related to crop production, CO2‐C emissions were higher on control than on fertilized plots, but this was not the case for absolute CO2‐C emissions.
Safety and Efficacy of Budesonide for Liver Transplant Immune Suppression: Results of a Pilot Phase 2a Trial
Authors: Bari Khurram , Shah Shimul A. , Kaiser Tiffany E. , Cohen Robert M. , Anwar Nadeem , Kleesattel David , Sherman Kenneth E. 
Published: June 2020

Despite adverse effects like hyperglycemia, new‐onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), and infectious complications, corticosteroid use remains an important part of liver transplantation (LT) immune suppression. Budesonide, a synthetic corticosteroid, undergoes extensive first‐pass hepatic metabolism with only 10% systemic bioavailability, providing an opportunity for an improved toxicity‐therapeutic ratio. Although effective in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, the effects of budesonide for LT immune suppression are unknown. We conducted a single‐center phase 2a trial to study the safety and efficacy of budesonide immunosuppressive therapy. From July 2017 to November 2018, 20 patients undergoing a first LT received budesonide tapering doses (from 9 to 3 mg) for 12 weeks. Patients were compared with matched control patients who received prednisone from the same time period. Additionally, both groups received calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil. Outcome measures at week 24 included rates of biopsy‐proven acute cellular rejection (ACR), NODAT (hemoglobin A1c >6.4%), and infectious complications. In the budesonide arm, 1 patient developed ACR at week 5 and was removed from the study. Another patient stopped the study drug at week 8 due to persistent nausea. Rates of ACR were similar between the budesonide and control groups (5% versus 5%, P = 1.00). Three patients in the control group developed NODAT versus none in the budesonide group (15% versus 0%; P = 0.23). There were 6 infections in the control group compared with none in the budesonide group (30% versus 0; P = 0.02). These pilot data suggest that budesonide has the potential to be a safe and effective alternative to prednisone for LT immune suppression while reducing steroid‐induced infections and NODAT. Randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
Low‐Viscosity Limonene Dimethacrylate as a Bio‐Based Alternative to Bisphenol A‐Based Acrylic Monomers for Photocurable Thermosets and 3D Printing
Authors: Schimpf Vitalij , Asmacher Anne , Fuchs Andre , Stoll Klaus , Bruchmann Bernd , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) is well established as photocurable resin in dental restoratives and 3D printing. At present there are raising concerns regarding the estrogen‐mimicking bisphenol A (BPA) contamination of health care and consumer products. It is an important challenge to substitute BPA‐based resins for bio‐based cycloaliphatic monomers while lowering resin viscosity without sacrificing high stiffness and glass temperature. Particularly high viscosity is critical for 3D printing by photopolymerization. Unlike BPA the cyclic monoterpene limonene, extracted from citrus fruit peels, is safe in human uses. Herein it is reported on limonene‐based dimethacrylate (LDMA) tailored for 3D printing application and derived from limonene oxide (LO) and methacrylic acid (MA). Residual MA is converted into glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA) serving as an in situ reactive diluent. The influences of temperature, catalysts, MA/LO stoichiometry, and the addition of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and magnesium oxide on the LDMA‐based resin performance are elucidated. As compared to BisGMA (560 Pa s) LDMA‐based resins exhibit significantly lower viscosity (5–117 Pa s) governed by the MA/LDMA molar ratio and the GMA addition. At 30 wt% LDMA content photocured resin yields thermosets having high Young’s Modulus (3.4–3.7 GPa), tensile strength (88–98 MPa), and glass transition temperature (119–135 °C), surpassing the performance of the corresponding BisGMA‐based resins.
Multiscale Observation of the Fatigue‐Induced Damage Mechanisms in Carbon‐Black Filled Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Dinari Amina , Chaabane Makram , Benameur Tarek , Guo Qiang , Gloaguen Jean‐Michel , Zaïri Fahmi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFilled rubber materials exhibit a complex macroresponse characterized by stress softening, hysteresis, and dissipative heating when they are cyclically loaded. The relationship of these inelastic features to the microstructure changes is far from being fully established. This paper deals with the damage mechanisms in sulfur‐vulcanized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) specimens in the diablo form reinforced with carbon‐black (CB) and zinc‐oxide (ZnO) fillers, and submitted to tension cyclic loading at room temperature. The microstructure alteration is characterized at different relevant scales and at different zones of the diabolo specimen by means of various technologies in the aim to report valuable insights about the mechanisms responsible for the macroresponse of this rubber‐filler material system. IR absorption spectra reveal that increasing filler content induces more interfacial interaction between CB and SBR chains. The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) observations show relevant altered morphologies of elastomeric chains with a predominant effect of both CB and ZnO fillers. A mesoscale observation of material density variation is presented using X‐ray computed tomography and the results are compared with those issued from ESEM.
Bacterial diversity in theclarkiecotype of the photosynthetic sacoglossan,Elysia crispata
Authors: Mahadevan Padmanabhan , Middlebrooks Michael L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFew studies have examined the bacterial communities associated with photosynthetic sacoglossan sea slugs. In this study, we determined the bacterial diversity in the clarki ecotype,Elysia crispatausing 16S rRNA sequencing. Computational analysis using QIIME2 revealed variability between individual samples, with the Spirochaetes and Bacteroidetes phyla dominating most samples. Tenericutes and Proteobacteria were also found, among other phyla. Computational metabolic profiling of the bacteria revealed a variety of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Although associated bacteria may be involved in mutually beneficial metabolic pathways, there was a high degree of variation in the bacterial community of individual slugs. This suggests that many of these relationships are likely opportunistic rather than obligate and that many of these bacteria may live commensally providing no major benefit to the slugs.
Relaxometric studies of erythrocyte suspensions infected by Plasmodium falciparum: a tool for staging infection and testing anti‐malarial drugs
Authors: Di Gregorio Enza , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Schwarzer Evelin , Gianolio Eliana , Valente Elena , Ulliers Daniela , Aime Silvio , Skorokhod Oleksii 
Published: June 2020

PurposeMalaria is a global health problem with the most malignant form caused by Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). Parasite maturation in red blood cells (RBCs) is accompanied by changes including the formation of paramagnetic hemozoin (HZ) nanocrystals, and increased metabolism and variation in membrane lipid composition. Herein, MR relaxometry (MRR) was applied to investigate water exchange across RBCs’ membrane and HZ formation in parasitized RBCs.MethodsTransverse water protons relaxation rate constants (R2 = 1/T2) were measured for assessing HZ formation in P. falciparum‐parasitized human RBCs. Moreover, water exchange lifetimes across the RBC membrane (τi) were assessed by measuring longitudinal relaxation rate constants (R1 = 1/T1) at 21.5 MHz in the presence of a gadolinium complex dissolved in the suspension medium.Resultsτi increased after invasion of parasites (ring stage, mean τi/ = 1.234 ± 0.022) and decreased during maturation to late trophozoite (mean τi/ = 0.960 ± 0.075) and schizont stages (mean τi/ = 1.019 ± 0.065). The HZ accumulation in advanced stages was revealed by T2‐shortening. The curves reporting R2 (1/T2) vs. magnetic field showed different slopes for non‐parasitized RBCs (npRBCs) and parasitized RBCs (pRBCs), namely 0.003 ± 0.001 for npRBCs, 0.009 ± 0.002, 0.028 ± 0.004 and 0.055 ± 0.002 for pRBCs at ring‐, early trophozoite‐, and late trophozoite stage, respectively. Antimalarial molecules dihydroartemisinin and chloroquine elicited measurable changes in parasitized RBCs, namely dihydroartemisinin modified τi, whereas the interference of chloroquine with HZ formation was detectable by a significant T2 increase.ConclusionsMRR can be considered a useful tool for reporting on P. falciparum blood stages and for screening potential antimalarial molecules.