bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of High‐Throughput Electrophysiology in Drug Discovery
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Tianbo , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to their important physiological functions, ion channels are key therapeutic targets for a variety of disorders. However, electrophysiological assessment of ion channel activity is technically challenging and has been a bottleneck in the discovery of drugs that modulate channel function. To address this issue, automated patch clamp platforms have been developed with improved throughput and broader applications. An overview of the current status of high‐throughput electrophysiology and its applications in drug discovery is provided. © 2019 The Authors.
Dynamic response in the larval geoduck (Panopea generosa) proteome to elevated pCO2
Authors: Timmins‐Schiffman Emma , Guzmán José M. , Elliott Thompson Rhonda , Vadopalas Brent , Eudeline Benoit , Roberts Steven B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPacific geoducks (Panopea generosa) are clams found along the northeast Pacific coast where they are important components of coastal and estuarine ecosystems and a major aquaculture product. The Pacific coastline, however, is also experiencing rapidly changing ocean habitat, including significant reductions in pH. To better understand the physiological impact of ocean acidification on geoduck clams, we characterized for the first time the proteomic profile of this bivalve during larval development and compared it to that of larvae exposed to low pH conditions. Geoduck larvae were reared at pH 7.5 (ambient) or pH 7.1 in a commercial shellfish hatchery from day 6 to day 19 postfertilization and sampled at six time points for an in‐depth proteomics analysis using high‐resolution data‐dependent analysis. Larvae reared at low pH were smaller than those reared at ambient pH, especially in the prodissoconch II phase of development, and displayed a delay in their competency for settlement. Proteomic profiles revealed that metabolic, cell cycle, and protein turnover pathways differed between the two pH and suggested that differing phenotypic outcomes between pH 7.5 and 7.1 are likely due to environmental disruptions to the timing of physiological events. In summary, ocean acidification results in elevated energetic demand on geoduck larvae, resulting in delayed development and disruptions to normal molecular developmental pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth, and protein synthesis.
Phenotypic plasticity, but not adaptive tracking, underlies seasonal variation in post‐cold hardening freeze tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Stone Helen M. , Erickson Priscilla A. , Bergland Alan O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn temperate regions, an organism's ability to rapidly adapt to seasonally varying environments is essential for its survival. In response to seasonal changes in selection pressure caused by variation in temperature, humidity, and food availability, some organisms exhibit plastic changes in phenotype. In other cases, seasonal variation in selection pressure can rapidly increase the frequency of genotypes that offer survival or reproductive advantages under the current conditions. Little is known about the relative influences of plastic and genetic changes in short‐lived organisms experiencing seasonal environmental fluctuations. Cold hardening is a seasonally relevant plastic response in which exposure to cool, but nonlethal, temperatures significantly increases the organism's ability to later survive at freezing temperatures. In the present study, we demonstrate seasonal variation in cold hardening in Drosophila melanogaster and test the extent to which plasticity and adaptive tracking underlie that seasonal variation. We measured the post‐cold hardening freeze tolerance of flies from outdoor mesocosms over the summer, fall, and winter. We bred outdoor mesocosm‐caught flies for two generations in the laboratory and matched each outdoor cohort to an indoor control cohort of similar genetic background. We cold hardened all flies under controlled laboratory conditions and then measured their post‐cold hardening freeze tolerance. Comparing indoor and field‐caught flies and their laboratory‐reared G1 and G2 progeny allowed us to determine the roles of seasonal environmental plasticity, parental effects, and genetic changes on cold hardening. We also tested the relationship between cold hardening and other factors, including age, developmental density, food substrate, presence of antimicrobials, and supplementation with live yeast. We found strong plastic responses to a variety of field‐ and laboratory‐based environmental effects, but no evidence of seasonally varying parental or genetic effects on cold hardening. We therefore conclude that seasonal variation in post‐cold hardening freeze tolerance results from environmental influences and not genetic changes.
A practical introduction to sequentially Markovian coalescent methods for estimating demographic history from genomic data
Authors: Mather Niklas , Traves Samuel M. , Ho Simon Y. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA common goal of population genomics and molecular ecology is to reconstruct the demographic history of a species of interest. A pair of powerful tools based on the sequentially Markovian coalescent have been developed to infer past population sizes using genome sequences. These methods are most useful when sequences are available for only a limited number of genomes and when the aim is to study ancient demographic events. The results of these analyses can be difficult to interpret accurately, because doing so requires some understanding of their theoretical basis and of their sensitivity to confounding factors. In this practical review, we explain some of the key concepts underpinning the pairwise and multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent methods (PSMC and MSMC, respectively). We relate these concepts to the use and interpretation of these methods, and we explain how the choice of different parameter values by the user can affect the accuracy and precision of the inferences. Based on our survey of 100 PSMC studies and 30 MSMC studies, we describe how the two methods are used in practice. Readers of this article will become familiar with the principles, practice, and interpretation of the sequentially Markovian coalescent for inferring demographic history.
Recognition of big data mixed Raman spectra based on deep learning with smartphone as Raman analyzer
Authors: Liang Jie , Mu Taotao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRaman spectral detection has emerged as a powerful analytical technique due to the advantages of fast acquisition, non‐invasion, and low cost. The on‐site application is highly dependent on Raman automatic analysis algorithm. However, current Raman algorithm research mainly focuses on small sample Raman spectroscopy (RS) identification with defects of low accuracy and detection rate. It is also difficult to realize rapid RS measurement under big data. In this paper, rapid recognition of mixtures in complex environments was realized by establishing a fast Raman analysis model based on deep learning through data training, self‐learning, and parameter optimization. The cloud network architecture was proposed to apply deep learning to real‐time detection using Smartphone‐based Raman devices. This research solves the technical problems about mixture recognition under big data and thus could be used as a new method for fast and field RS detection in complex environments.
Enhanced connectivity for nodes to measure coverage range using anchor node–based PATH monitoring algorithm in WSN
Authors: Anshad A.S. , Radhakrishnan R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWireless sensor nodes are mainly deployed to focus the coverage and connectivity between the sensor nodes. Generally, nodes coverage range is fixed, sometimes which are placed in more distance cause out of coverage range from sender node to destination node. The network does not have any path analyzer node. This drawback is overcome by the proposed research work. After analyzing the number of packet drops during the transmission, the network identifies the out of coverage range among sensor node. It reduces packet delivery ratio and network connectivity ratio. Therefore, the proposed enhanced connectivity for nodes to measure coverage range (ECCR) is used to provide better coverage–based communication among sensor nodes. Affected routing path is detected initially since alert message packet is forwarded from the source node to the destination node. Anchor node–based path monitoring algorithm is constructed to monitor abnormal activities of each sensor nodes which are placed in the network environment. The abnormal activities indicate the more packet drop during communication since its coverage range goes out of limit. It increases the connectivity ratio and packet delivery ratio.
Revisiting trainee reactions: A multilevel analysis of the nomological network
Authors: Kim Sehoon , Park Soyoun , Lavelle John , Kim Minjung , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurveying participants' reactions remains the most popular approach to evaluate training programs. However, it is unclear how reactions are related to training contexts and outcomes. Using a multilevel analysis, this study examined the structural relationships among individual/situational characteristics, trainee reactions, and training outcomes in mandatory safety and health training programs. We analyzed data from 545 participants of 29 face‐to‐face training classes who completed three sequential surveys. The results revealed that pre‐training motivation and the classroom setting are associated with reactions, and reactions are associated with participatory behavior, cognitive learning, and perceived transfer. Trainee reactions significantly mediated the relationships of pre‐training motivation and the classroom setting with training outcomes. The significance of this study is identifying the roles of trainee reactions in training, applying a multilevel analysis in training research.
The pre‐gestational triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Arbib Nissim , Pfeffer‐Gik Tamar , Sneh‐Arbib Orly , Krispin Eyal , Rosenblat Orgad , Hadar Eran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between pre‐gestational dyslipidemia, expressed as the ratio between triglycerides (TG) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis included women with TG and HDL measurements available up to 52 weeks before conception who delivered a singleton, non‐anomalous infant. The study population was stratified according to a TG/HDL ratio cutoff of 3. Primary maternal outcomes included gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after delivery before 37 weeks.ResultsAmong 5226 women included, 4446 (85.1%) had TG/HDL <3 and 780 (14.9%) ≥3. TG/HDL ratio ≥3 vs <3 was associated with higher rates of gestational diabetes (13.1% vs 5.2%, P<0.0001) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (5.3% vs 2.2%, P<0.0001). Larger babies (3229.7 ± 520.7 g vs 3181.7 ± 504.4 g, P=0.015) with higher birth weight percentile (59.0 ± 26.4 vs 55.1 ± 26.6, P<0.0001) and increased rates of large‐for‐gestational‐age (14.5% vs 10.8%, P=0.007) and macrosomia (5.6% vs 3.9%, P=0.026) were found. In multivariate analysis, TG/HDL ≥3 remained an independent risk‐factor for gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.39) and pre‐eclampsia (aOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.82–5.01).ConclusionsAn increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported, mainly gestational diabetes and pre‐eclampsia, when TG/HDL ratio up to 1 year before pregnancy was ≥3.
Establishing a reference range for thromboelastography maximum amplitude in patients administrating with antiplatelet drugs
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhou Jing‐Yi , Gu Yi , Shen Wen‐Yan , Li Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to establish the reference range of thromboelastograph (TEG) maximum amplitude (MA) in patients taking antiplatelet drugs.MethodsBetween August 2015 and July 2018, a total of 4614 patients administrating with antiplatelet drugs (clopidogrel and aspirin) were retrospectively analyzed in this study. For MAA parameter, we used the 10th and 90th percentiles to establish a reference range. The Spearman correlation was used for the correlation analysis among the inhibition rate of adenosine diphosphate (ADP%) and MAADP, inhibition rate of arachidonic acid (AA%) and MAAA. Then, through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the best cutoff point, the reference ranges of MAADP and MAAA could be deduced. Consistency evaluation was performed by statistical analysis of ADP% and MAADP, AA% and MAAA pairing for 4459 patients.ResultsThe reference range of MAA was 8.1‐25.8 mm. The reference range of MAADP was 19.8‐43.2 mm, and the corresponding sensitivity of two endpoints was 0.796, 0.856 and specificity were 0.897, 0.904, respectively. The reference range of MAAA was 18.9‐37.7 mm, and the corresponding sensitivity of two endpoints was 0.819, 0.829 and specificity were 0.922, 0.896, respectively. The inconsistency rate of ADP% and MAADP, and AA% and MAAA was 20.1% (898 cases) and 16.6% (738 cases), respectively.ConclusionsThe reference range of MAADP and MAAA established by us were better in sensitivity and specificity. MAADP and MAAA were more accurate than conventional inhibition rate analysis in guidance of antiplatelet therapy, especially in patients with excessive low MA or high MAA.
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of N‐(substituted phenyl)‐1,2,5‐thiadiazolidine‐2‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxide derivatives
Authors: Hessainia Sihem , Boukhari Abbes , Cheraiet Zinelaabidine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract1,2,5‐Thiadiazolidine‐1,1‐dioxide carboxamide derivatives 3a‐3n are novel heterocyclic compounds synthesized by multicomponent condensation reaction in one pot of aniline, chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, and 2‐chloroethylamine hydrochloride which is used as a useful precursor under mild conditions. This reaction is realized with high atom economy, at room temperature and in a short reaction time. Series of these desired products are obtained from good to excellent yields within 2 hours in all cases. All the synthesized compounds are characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, MS, and HMBC/HSQC spectroscopy.
Amine‐carbon disulfide promoted synthesis of novel benzo[e][1,3]thiazepin‐5(1H)‐one derivatives
Authors: Asgari Mohammad Sadegh , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Asadi Mehdi , Rashidi Ranjbar Parviz , Larijani Bagher , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a simple method is introduced for the synthesis of novel 4‐substituted‐3‐thioxo‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,3]thiazepin‐5(1H)‐one derivatives. The synthesis is based on a two‐step reaction of 2‐methylbenzoic acid, an amine, and carbon disulfide. In the first step, 2‐methylbenzoic acid reacts with sulfuric acid in ethanol, followed by the reaction with N‐bromosuccinimide to produce ethyl 2‐(bromomethyl)benzoate. Amine and carbon disulfide react in a separate flask in basic medium to give carbamodithioate salt. Carbamodithioate and ethyl 2‐(bromomethyl)benzoate react together in dimethylformamide to produce the desired 4‐substituted‐3‐thioxo‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,3]thiazepin‐5(1H)‐one derivatives. The method is simple and fast and is applicable to a wide variety of substrates and gives the desired products in high isolated yields.
Synthesis of fused hydroxy dihydropyrroles and unexpected dihydropyrazine and dihydroquinoxaline derivatives based on heterocyclic ketene aminals
Authors: Rezaei Monireh , Bayat Mohammad , Notash Behrouz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe one‐pot four‐component synthesis of highly functionalized fused hydroxyl dihydropyrroles and dihydropyrazines from readily available diamines, 1,1‐bis (methylsulfanyl)‐2‐nitroethene, phenylglyoxal monohydrates, and C‐H acids have been developed. This strategy provides an efficient, catalyst‐free approach for easy access to various new hydroxyl‐dihydropyrrole and dihydropyrazine rings in good to high yields. The products were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, mass, and X‐ray crystal structure analyses.
Adjunctive use of enamel matrix derivatives to porcine‐derived xenograft for the treatment of one‐wall intrabony defects: Two‐year longitudinal results of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Kim Do‐Hyung , Jeong Seong‐Nyum 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential advantages of adjunctive use of enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) in combination with demineralized porcine bone matrix (DPBM) for the treatment of one‐wall intrabony defects in the molar regions, in comparison with the use of DPBM alone, through a randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsForty‐two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one where DPBM with the adjunctive use of EMD (test group, n = 20) was applied and the other without EMD (control group, n = 22). Changes in the clinical and radiographic parameters from baseline at 6, 12, and 24 months were measured (probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, defect depth, and defect width). Postoperative discomfort (severity/duration of pain and swelling) and early soft tissue wound healing (dehiscence/fenestration, persistent swelling, spontaneous bleeding, and ulceration) were also assessed.ResultsBoth treatment modalities, with and without EMD, resulted in significant improvement of clinical and radiographic outcomes without any severe adverse events. However, no statistically significant differences in any of the measured parameters were found when the two groups were compared. Early wound healing outcomes and the severity of swelling did not differ between the groups, but the severity of pain (P = 0.046), duration (P = 0.033), and swelling (P = 0.022) were significantly lower in the test group.ConclusionsDPBM has been verified for biocompatibility and can be used as a scaffold to enhance the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal regeneration of one‐wall intrabony defects. In particular, the adjunctive use of EMD significantly reduced the postoperative discomfort.
The variation of the chemical composition of the main plant species in a subalpine grassland in northwestern Greece
Authors: Koutsoukis Charalampos , Roukos Christos , Demertzis Panagiotis G. , Kandrelis Sotirios , Akrida‐Demertzi Konstantoula 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study presents the results of a survey conducted in the year 2013 in a subalpine grassland located in Epirus, in northwestern Greece, and concerns the determination of the chemical composition of nine wild plants species (Alopecurus gerardii V., Stipa pennata L., Phleum alpinum L., Trifolium repens L., Lathyrus aphaca L., Lotus corniculatus L., Ranunculus repens L., Achillea millefolium L., and Geranium lucidum L.) at various stages of growth. The highest mean neutral detergent fiber content was determined in S. pennata L. samples with 546 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). The highest mean acid detergent fiber content was determined in samples of A. gerardii L. with 358 g kg−1 DM. For calcium (Ca), the highest average content was determined in the samples of L. corniculatus L. with 9.6 g kg−1 DM. For phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu), the highest average contents were determined in the samples of R. repens L. with 2.8 g kg−1 DM, 60.2 mg kg−1, and 5.6 mg kg−1 DM, respectively. For magnesium (Mg), the higher average content was found in L. aphaca L. samples with 1.6 g kg−1, for potassium (K) in G. lucidum L. samples with 15.6 g kg−1, for sodium (Na) in A. millefolium L. samples with 15.3 g kg−1, and for manganese (Mn) in P. alpinum L. samples with 37.9 mg kg−1. The chemical composition of plant species meets the nutritional requirements of grazing animals in the investigated area. Among the plant species, legumes and other forbs have the highest nutritional value.
Localization of Salivary Glands for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: Ultrasound Versus Landmark Guidance
Authors: Loens Sebastian , Brüggemann Norbert , Steffen Armin , Bäumer Tobias 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundSialorrhea is a troublesome symptom in a variety of neurological diseases. Recently, local injection of botulinum toxin into the salivary glands was approved for treatment of sialorrhea, and injection guidance by anatomical landmarks was suggested.ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of ultrasound versus previously proposed anatomical landmarks for localizing the salivary glands.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study in 21 adults, landmark positions (LM) of the parotid gland (PG) and the submandibular gland (SG) were identified following published recommendations. The ultrasound position (US) was defined as the position representing the maximum gland thickness. The distance between positions, gland thickness, and optimal injection depth were recorded by US.ResultsGland thickness differed significantly between LM and US positions (PG, 4 vs. 17.8 mm; P < 0.001; SG, 3.5 vs. 13.6 mm; P < 0.001). The spatial deviation between the recommended LM and identified US positions in the horizontal plane was 21 mm to the posterior direction for the PG and 19.6 mm for the SG. The deviation in vertical orientation was small for both glands; however, there was a positive correlation between the distance from the SG to the mandibular bone with age. The optimal injection depth measured by US was 11.8 mm for the PG and 13.6 mm for the SG. This showed to be positively correlated with the body mass index.ConclusionsThe position of the salivary glands differs from proposed landmarks and depends on the individual age and body weight; therefore, we recommend ultrasound guidance for injection.
Nosology and Phenomenology of Psychosis in Movement Disorders
Authors: Rossi Malco , Farcy Nicole , Starkstein Sergio E. , Merello Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPsychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, are part of the clinical picture of several conditions presenting movement disorders. Phenomenology and epidemiology of psychosis in Parkinson's disease have received wide attention; however, the presence of psychosis in other movement disorders is, comparatively, less well known.ObjectivesTo review psychotic symptoms present in different movement disorders.MethodsA comprehensive and structured literature search was performed to identify and analyze data on patients with movement disorders and comorbid psychosis.ResultsIn monogenic parkinsonisms, such as PARK‐GBA, PARK‐LRRK2, and PARK‐SNCA, visual hallucinations related to dopamine replacement therapy are frequent as well as are delusions in PARK‐LRRK2 and PARK‐SNCA, but not in PARK‐GBA. Different types of delusions and hallucinations are found in Huntington's disease and other choreic disorders. In Tourette's syndrome, paranoid delusions as well as visual, olfactory, and auditory hallucinations have been described, which usually develop after an average of 10 years of disease. Delusions in ataxias are more frequent in ATX‐TBP, ATX‐ATN1, and ATX‐ATXN3, whereas it is rare in Friedreich's ataxia. Psychosis is also a prominent and frequent clinical feature in Fahr's disease, Wilson's disease, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and some lysosomal storage disorders, whereas it is uncommon in atypical parkinsonisms and dystonia. Psychosis usually occurs at late disease stages, but may appear as onset symptoms of the disease, especially in Wilson's disease, Huntington's disease, late‐onset Tays‐Sachs, and Niemann‐Pick.ConclusionPsychosis is a frequent comorbidity in most hyper‐ and hypokinetic movement disorders. Appropriate recognition is relevant both in the early and late disease stages.