bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and their relationship to disease severity
Authors: Lynch Kara L , Whitman Jeffrey D , Lacanienta Noreen P , Beckerdite Erica W , Kastner Shannon A , Shy Brian R , Goldgof Gregory M , Levine Andrew G , Bapat Sagar P , Stramer Susan L , Esensten Jonathan H , Hightower Allen W , Bern Caryn , Wu Alan HB 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected indirectly by measuring the host immune response. Anti-viral antibody concentrations generally correlate with host protection and viral neutralization, but in rare cases, antibodies can promote disease progression. Elucidation of the kinetics and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is essential to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets.MethodsSera (n=533) from patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 (n=153) were tested using a high-throughput quantitative IgM and IgG assay that detects antibodies to the spike protein receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid protein. Individual and serial samples covered the time of initial diagnosis, during the disease course, and following recovery. We evaluated antibody kinetics and correlation between magnitude of the response and disease severity.ResultsPatterns of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production varied considerably. Among 52 patients with 3 or more serial specimens, 44 (84.6%) and 42 (80.8%) had observed IgM and IgG seroconversion at a median of 8 and 10 days, respectively. Compared to those with milder disease, peak measurements were significantly higher for patients admitted to the intensive care unit for all time intervals between 6 and 20 days for IgM, and all intervals after 5 days for IgG.ConclusionsHigh sensitivity assays with a robust dynamic range provide a comprehensive picture of host antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. IgM and IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with severe than mild disease. These differences may affect strategies for seroprevalence studies, therapeutics and vaccine development.
Timecourse and convergence of abstract and concrete knowledge in the anterior temporal lobe
Authors: Vignali L. , Xu Y. , Turini J. , Collignon O. , Crepaldi D. , Bottini R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow is conceptual knowledge organized and retrieved by the brain? Recent evidence points to the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) as a crucial semantic hub integrating both abstract and concrete conceptual features according to a dorsal-to-medial gradient. It is however unclear when this conceptual gradient emerges and how semantic information reaches the ATL during conceptual retrieval. Here we used a multiple regression approach to magnetoencephalography signals of spoken words, combined with dimensionality reduction in concrete and abstract semantic feature spaces. Results showed that the dorsal-to-medial abstract-to-concrete ATL gradient emerges only in late stages of word processing: Abstract and concrete semantic information are initially encoded in posterior temporal regions and travel along separate cortical pathways eventually converging in the ATL. The present finding sheds light on the neural dynamics of conceptual processing that shape the organization of knowledge in the anterior temporal lobe.
Impact of trimethoprim on the river microbiome and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Delaney J. , Raguideau S. , Holden J. , Zhang L. , Tipper H.J. , Hill G.L. , Klümper U. , Zhang T. , Cha C.J. , Lee K. , James R. , Travis E. , Bowes M.J. , Hawkey P.M. , Lindstrom H.S. , Tang C. , Gaze W.H. , Mead A. , Quince C. , Singer A. , Wellington E.M.H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that anthropogenic activity can increase the levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. Rivers and waterways are significant examples of environmental settings that have become repositories of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our recent study quantified drug concentrations in freshwater samples taken at a range of sites located on the Thames catchment; the highest levels of antibiotics and other drugs were recorded downstream of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). One specific antibiotic: Trimethoprim (TMP) was shown at elevated concentrations reaching 2000ng/L at particular sites. We have also shown a correlative relationship between the residue of TMP and the prevalence of sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes such as sul1. Despite this, there is still no evidence of a causative relationship between TMP concentrations and the prevalence of the ARGs at river sites. The aim of the current study was to conduct in-depth analysis using a combination of large metagenomic, geospatial and chemical datasets, in order to conduct a comparison between those sites with the highest TMP and lowest TMP levels across the Thames catchment. We aimed to establish the proximity of these sites to WWTPs, their population equivalence (PE) and land coverage. A secondary aim was to investigate seasonal variation in TMP and ARGs. Exploring these factors will help to decipher the clinical relevance of ARG accumulation at river sites. A significant correlation was shown between TMP levels at river sites and their distance downstream from a WWTP. Three sites located on the Rivers Cut and Ray showed significantly higher TMP concentrations in winter compared to summer. The population equivalence (PE) for sites with the highest TMP levels was significantly higher than those with the lowest levels. The land coverage of sites with the highest TMP levels was significantly more urban/suburban than sites with the lowest TMP concentrations, which were found to be significantly more arable. Five ARGs relevant to TMP and sulfonamides were identified across the Thames catchment. The most prevalent ARG was sul1, which was significantly more prevalent in winter compared to summer. By contrast sul2 was found to be significantly more prevalent in summer compared to winter at a site on the River Coln. The prevalence of the class 1 integron marker gene (inti1) did not differ significantly by season or between sites with the highest/lowest TMP levels.
Hospital practice in COVID-19 times: perceptions of the midwifery interns in Peru
Authors: Rojas-Silva Jessica , Damacen-Oblitas Valery , Castro-Gomez Diayan , Rojas-Vega Jennifer , Barja-Ore John , Vila-Arevalo Randol , Moquillaza-Alcantara Victor 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the perception of midwifery interns regarding hospital practices during COVID-19.Material and methodsStudy of qualitative approach, of phenomenological design, where 80 midwifery interns from the different regions of Peru participated, who are also representatives of their hospital headquarters. An in-depth interview was applied where the perception of hospital practices was addressed according to: i) current problems and ii) solution proposals.ResultsMidwifery interns have been removed from hospital practices, mainly due to the absence of personal protective equipment and health insurance, financially affecting those who must continue to make rent and food payments; Likewise, a large part of the universities have not offered proposals for solutions to the delay in internships, raising concerns about delays in administrative procedures, even more so for students from non-licensed universities. Among the proposals, those who are close to graduating suggest being exempted from the months when there were no activities, so as not to delay future processes such as tuition and rural service; likewise, suspend payment for these months and strengthen knowledge through the discussion of clinical cases, which could be virtual.ConclusionsThe cessation of hospital practice responds to a lack of guarantees in the health care of the student, generating economic repercussions and a negative perception regarding university management. Finally, solutions that could be considered for the next decisions made by the institutions are reported.
Reduced critical care demand with early CPAP and proning in COVID-19 at Bradford: a single centre cohort
Authors: Lawton T , Wilkinson K , Corp A , Javid R , MacNally L , McCooe M , Newton E 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidance in COVID-19 respiratory failure has favoured early intubation, with concerns over the use of CPAP. We adopted early CPAP and self-proning, and evaluated the safety and efficacy of this approach.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included all patients with a positive COVID-19 PCR, and others with high clinical suspicion. Our protocol advised early CPAP and self-proning for severe cases, aiming to prevent rather than respond to deterioration. CPAP was provided outside critical care by ward staff supported by physiotherapists and an intensive critical care outreach program. Data were analysed descriptively and compared against a large UK cohort (ISARIC).Results559 patients admitted before 1/May/20 were included. 376 were discharged alive, and 183 died. 165 patients (29.5%) received CPAP, 40 (7.2%) were admitted to critical care and 28 (5.0%) were ventilated. Hospital mortality was 32.7%, and 50% for critical care. Following CPAP, 62% of patients with S:F or P:F ratios indicating moderate or severe ARDS, who were candidates for escalation, avoided intubation. Figures for critical care admission, intubation and hospital mortality are lower than ISARIC, whilst critical care mortality is similar. Following ISARIC proportions we would have admitted 92 patients to critical care and intubated 55. Using the described protocol, we intubated 28 patients from 40 admissions, and remained within our expanded critical care capacity.ConclusionBradford’s protocol produced good results despite our population having high levels of co-morbidity and ethnicities associated with poor outcomes. In particular we avoided overloading critical care capacity. We advocate this approach as both effective and safe.Social media summaryThe use of early CPAP and proning in COVID-19 was associated with lower critical care admissions, intubation, and mortality at Bradford compared to a large UK cohort (ISARIC WHO CCP-UK).
Fentanyl-induced antinociception, reward, reinforcement, and withdrawal inHnrnph1mutant mice
Authors: Bryant Camron D. , Healy Aidan F. , Ruan Qiu T. , Coehlo Michal A. , Lustig Elijah , Yazdani Neema , Luttik Kimberly P. , Tran Tori , Swancy Isaiah , Brewin Lindsey W. , Chen Melanie M. , Szumlinski Karen K. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTOpioid Use Disorder (OUD) and opioid-related deaths remain a major public health concern in the United States. Both environmental and genetic factors influence risk for OUD. We previously identifiedHnrnph1as a quantitative trait gene underlying the stimulant, rewarding, and reinforcing properties of methamphetamine. Prior work demonstrates that hnRNP H1, the RNA-binding protein encoded byHnrnph1,post-transcriptionally regulatesOprm1(mu opioid receptor gene) – the primary molecular target for the therapeutic and addictive properties of opioids. Because genetic variants can exert pleiotropic effects on behaviors induced by multiple drugs of abuse, in the current study, we tested the hypothesis thatHnrnph1mutants would show reduced behavioral sensitivity to the mu opioid receptor agonist fentanyl.Hnrnph1mutants showed reduced sensitivity to fentanyl-induced locomotor activity, along with a female-specific reduction in, and a male-specific induction of, locomotor sensitization following three, daily injections (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.).Hnrnph1mutants also required a higher dose of fentanyl to exhibit opioid reward as measured via conditioned place preference. MaleHnrnph1mutants showed reduced fentanyl reinforcement.Hnrnph1mutants also showed reduced sucrose motivation, suggesting a reward deficit. No genotypic differences were observed in baseline thermal nociception, fentanyl-induced antinociception, physical or negative affective signs of opioid dependence, or in sensorimotor gating. In the context of our prior work, these findings suggest thatHnrnph1dysfunction exerts a selective role in reducing the addiction liability to drugs of abuse (opioids and psychostimulants), which could provide new biological pathways to improve their therapeutic profiles.
The production of within-family inequality: Insights and implications of integrating genetic data
Authors: Fletcher Jason M. , Wu Yuchang , Zhao Zijie , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe integration of genetic data within large-scale social and health surveys provides new opportunities to test long standing theories of parental investments in children and within-family inequality. Genetic predictors, called polygenic scores, allow novel assessments of young children’s abilities that are uncontaminated by parental investments, and family-based samples allow indirect tests of whether children’s abilities are reinforced or compensated. We use over 16,000 sibling pairs from the UK Biobank to test whether the relative ranking of siblings’ polygenic scores for educational attainment is consequential for actual attainments. We find strong evidence of compensatory processes, on average, where the association between genotype and phenotype of educational attainment is reduced by over 20% for the higher-ranked sibling compared to the lower-ranked sibling. These effects are most pronounced in high socioeconomic status areas. We find no evidence that similar processes hold in the case of height or for relatives who are not full biological siblings (e.g. cousins). Our results provide a new use of polygenic scores to understand processes that generate within-family inequalities and also suggest important caveats to causal interpretations the effects of polygenic scores using siblingdifference designs.
WITHDRAWN: Excitatory effects of dentate gyrus mossy cells on granule cells and area CA3: an vitro and in vivo study in adult mice
Authors: Bernstein Hannah L , Lu Yi-Ling , Leary Paige , Jain Swati , LaFrancois John J. , Lacefield Clay O. , Botterill Justin J. , Scharfman Helen E 
Published: June 2020

Withdrawal statementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because it has been divided into several papers. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Latent motives guide structure learning during adaptive social choice
Authors: van Baar Jeroen M. , Nassar Matthew R. , Deng Wenning , FeldmanHall Oriel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredicting the behavior of others is an essential part of human cognition that enables strategic social behavior (e.g., cooperation), and is impaired in multiple clinical populations. Despite its ubiquity, social prediction poses a generalization problem that remains poorly understood: We can neither assume that others will simply repeat their past behavior in new settings, nor that their future actions are entirely unrelated to the past. Here we demonstrate that humans solve this challenge using a structure learning mechanism that uncovers other people’s latent, unobservable motives, such as greed and risk aversion. In three studies, participants were tasked with predicting the decisions of another player in multiple unique economic games such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Participants achieved accurate social prediction by learning the hidden motivational structure underlying the player’s actions to cooperate or defect (e.g., that greed led to defecting in some cases but cooperation in others). This motive-based abstraction enabled participants to attend to information diagnostic of the player’s next move and disregard irrelevant contextual cues. Moreover, participants who successfully learned another’s motives were more strategic in a subsequent competitive interaction with that player, reflecting that accurate social structure learning can lead to more optimal social behaviors. These findings demonstrate that advantageous social behavior hinges on parsimonious and generalizable mental models that leverage others’ latent intentions.Significance statementA hallmark of human cognition is being able to predict the behavior of others. How do we achieve social prediction given that we routinely encounter others in a dizzying array of social situations? We find people achieve accurate social prediction by inferring another’s hidden motives—motives that do not necessarily have a one-to-one correspondence with observable behaviors. Participants were able to infer another’s motives using a structure learning mechanism that enabled generalization. Individuals used what they learned about others in one setting to predict their actions in an entirely new setting. This cognitive process can explain a wealth of social behaviors, ranging from strategic economic decisions to stereotyping and racial bias.
Comparison between traditional FFT and marginal spectra using the Hilbert-Huang transform method for the broadband spectral analysis of the EEG in healthy humans
Authors: Arrufat-Pié Eduardo , Báez Mario Estévez , Carreras José Mario Estévez , Curbelo Calixto Machado , Leisman Gerry , Beltrán Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fast Fourier transform (FFT), has been the main tool for the EEG spectral analysis (SPA). However, as the EEG dynamics shows nonlinear and non-stationary behavior, results using the FFT approach may result meaningless. A novel method has been developed for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary signals known as the Hilbert-Huang transform method. In this study we describe and compare the spectral analyses of the EEG using the traditional FFT approach with those calculated with the Hilbert marginal spectra (HMS) after decomposition of the EEG with a multivariate empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Segments of continuous 60-seconds EEG recorded from 19 leads of 47 healthy volunteers were studied. Although the spectral indices calculated for the explored EEG bands showed significant statistical differences for different leads and bands, a detailed analysis showed that for practical purposes both methods performed substantially similar. The HMS showed a reduction of the alpha activity (−5.64%), with increment in the beta-1 (+1.67%), and gamma (+1.38%) fast activity bands, and also an increment in the theta band (+2.14%), and in the delta (+0.45%) band, and vice versa for the FFT method. For the weighted mean frequencies insignificant mean differences (lower than 1Hz) were observed between both methods for the delta, theta, alpha, beta-1 and beta-2 bands, and only for the gamma band values for the HMS were 3 Hz higher than with the FFT method. The HMS may be considered a good alternative for the SPA of the EEG when nonlinearity or non-stationarity may be present.
Analysis in the frequency domain of multicomponent oscillatory modes of the human electroencephalogram extracted with multivariate empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Arrufat-Pié Eduardo , Estévez-Báez Mario , Estévez-Carreras José Mario , Curbelo Calixto Machado , Leisman Gerry , Beltrán León Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidering the properties of the empirical mode decomposition to extract from a signal its natural oscillatory components known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), the spectral analysis of these IMFs could provide a novel alternative for the quantitative EEG analysis without a priori establish more or less arbitrary band limits. This approach has begun to be used in the last years for studies of EEG records of patients included in database repositories or including a low number of individuals or of limited EEG leads, but a detailed study in healthy humans has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study the aims were to explore and describe the main spectral indices of the IMFs of the EEG in healthy humans using a method based on the FFT and another on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The EEG of 34 healthy volunteers was recorded and decomposed using a recently developed multivariate empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Extracted IMFs were submitted to spectral analysis with, and the results were compared with an ANOVA test. The first six decomposed IMFs from the EEG showed frequency values in the range of the classical bands of the EEG (1.5 to 56 Hz). Both methods showed in general similar results for mean weighted frequencies and estimations of power spectral density, although the HHT is recommended because of its better frequency resolution. It was shown the presence of the mode-mixing problem producing a slight overlapping of spectral frequencies mainly between the IMF3 and IMF4 modes.
ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19
Authors: Rajter Juliana Cepelowicz , Sherman Michael S. , Fatteh Naaz , Vogel Fabio , Sacks Jamie , Rajter Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImportanceNo therapy to date has been shown to improve survival for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Ivermectin has been shown to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro but clinical response has not been previously evaluated.ObjectiveTo determine whether Ivermectin is associated with lower mortality rate in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Design and SettingRetrospective cohort study of consecutive patients hospitalized at four Broward Health hospitals in South Florida with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Enrollment dates were March 15, 2020 through May 11, 2020. Follow up data for all outcomes was May 19, 2020.Participants280 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean age 59.6 years [standard deviation 17.9], 45.4% female), of whom 173 were treated with ivermectin and 107 were usual care were reviewed. 27 identified patients were not reviewed due to multiple admissions, lack of confirmed COVID results during hospitalization, age less than 18, pregnancy, or incarceration.ExposurePatients were categorized into two treatment groups based on whether they received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during the hospitalization. Treatment decisions were at the discretion of the treating physicians. Severe pulmonary involvement at study entry was characterized as need for either FiO2 ≥50%, or noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included subgroup mortality in patients with severe pulmonary involvement and extubation rates for patients requiring invasive ventilation.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed lower mortality in the ivermectin group (15.0% versus 25.2%, OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.96, P=.03). Mortality was also lower among 75 patients with severe pulmonary disease treated with ivermectin (38.8% vs 80.7%, OR 0.15, CI 0.05-0.47, P=.001), but there was no significant difference in successful extubation rates (36.1% vs 15.4%, OR 3.11 (0.88-11.00), p=.07). After adjustment for between-group differences and mortality risks, the mortality difference remained significant for the entire cohort (OR 0.27, CI 0.09-0.85, p=.03; HR 0.37, CI 0.19-0.71, p=.03).Conclusions and RelevanceIvermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment of COVID-19, especially in patients who required higher inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. These findings should be further evaluated with randomized controlled trials.