bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls After Dysvascular Transtibial Amputation: A Secondary Analysis of Falling Characteristics and Reduced Physical Performance
Authors: Anderson Chelsey B. , Miller Matthew J. , Murray Amanda M. , Fields Thomas T. , So Noel F. , Christiansen Cory L. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionOver half of all people with lower limb amputation (LLA) experience at least one fall annually. Furthermore, the majority of LLAs result from dysvascular health complications, contributing to balance deficits. However, fall‐related research specific to dysvascular LLA remains limited.ObjectiveTo characterize falls among adults with dysvascular LLA, using an existing Fall‐Type Classification Framework and to describe the functional characteristics of participants across the framework categories.DesignSecondary data analysis from two randomized controlled trials.SettingOutpatient setting.ParticipantsPeople (n = 69) 6 months to 5 years from dysvascular lower extremity amputation, who were ≥50 years of age and independently ambulatory using a prosthesis.InterventionNone.OutcomeDescriptions of self‐reported falls were collected on a weekly basis for 12 weeks, and analyzed using an existing Fall‐Type Classification Framework. Fall frequencies, estimated count, and estimated proportions were compared across all framework categories, with 95% confidence intervals. Functional measures (Timed Up and Go, Two Minute Walk, Five Meter Walk, and average step count) were collected, and averages for each participant who experienced a fall were calculated.ResultsThirty participants (43.5%) reported 42 falls within 12 weeks. A variety of fall types were described. Incidence of falls was highest for intrinsic destabilization sources, from incorrect weight shift patterns during transfer activities.ConclusionPatients with dysvascular LLAs experience a variety of fall types. The high frequency of intrinsically sourced, incorrect weight‐shift falls during transfer activities emphasizes the need to focus rehabilitation efforts on improving postural control in patients with dysvascular LLAs during activities such as reaching, turning, and transferring.
COVID‐19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: Raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings
Authors: Canarutto Daniele , Priolo Alessio , Russo Gianni , Pitea Marco , Vigone Maria Cristina , Barera Graziano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew children have been reported to have been affected by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); it is unclear whether children are less likely to be infected or rather display fewer symptoms. We present the case of a 32‐day‐old boy infected by COVID‐19 that presented with an upper air way infection which resolved spontaneously and did not require any therapy. We argue that in epidemic settings children presenting with any mild symptom potentially attributable to COVID‐19 should be considered contagious until proven otherwise, and that management must be guided by clinical conditions.
Thiocarbohydrazide based Schiff Base as a Selective Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensor for Hg2+ with “Turn‐Off” Fluorescence Responses
Authors: Bhaskar R. , Sarveswari S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient thiocarbohydrazide based fluorescencesensor S5 for the selective detection of Hg2+ in semi‐aqueous medium has been successfully designed and synthesized. The absorption (UV‐Vis) and emission (fluorescence) properties of S5 were studied in various solvents. The sensor S5 displayed no distinct changes in absorption with various solvents; however some remarkable changes were noticed in fluorescence studies. Solvent dependent spectral characterization of S5 was explored via the Lippert‐Mataga plot. UV‐Vis and fluorescence studies also revealed that the sensor S5 could selectively detect Hg2+ ion over the other tested metal ions. The interaction of S5 with Hg2+ leads to colour change from colourless to yellow. The observed quenching in fluorescence intensity may be due to chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching (CHEQ). The sensing mechanism was arrived through DFT and 1H NMR titration studies. The limit of detection was found to be 1.26 nM with a wide pH range of 4–10. Moreover, sensor S5 could demonstrate sensing efficiency for lower concentrations of Hg2+ in real sample analysis. Its performance, as a test strip and in analysis of various water samples conferred its superior selectivity.
Composition and Architecture Design of Double‐Shelled Co0.85Se1−xSx@Carbon/Graphene Hollow Polyhedron with Superior Alkali (Li, Na, K)‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Zhang Bao , Xia Haifeng , Cao Liang , Luo Bi , Fan Xinming , Zhang Jiafeng , Ou Xing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe exploration of materials with reversible and stable electrochemical performance is crucial in energy storage, which can (de) intercalate all the alkali‐metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+). Although transition‐metal chalcogenides are investigated continually, the design and controllable preparation of hierarchical nanostructure and subtle composite withstable properties are still great challenges. Herein, component‐optimal Co0.85Se1−xSx nanoparticles are fabricated by in situ sulfidization of metal organic framework, which are wrapped by the S‐doped graphene, constructing a hollow polyhedron framework with double carbon shells (CoSSe@C/G). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of composition regulation and architecture design by S‐substitution, the electrochemical kinetic is enhanced by the boosted electrochemistry‐active sites, and the volume variation is mitigated by the designed structure, resulting in the advanced alkali‐ion storage performance. Thus, it delivers an outstanding reversible capacity of 636.2 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 1400 cycles for Li‐ion batteries. Remarkably, satisfactory initial charge capacities of 548.1 and 532.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 can be obtained for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries, respectively. The prominent performance combined with the theory calculation confirms that the synergistic strategy can improve the alkali‐ion transportation and structure stability, providing an instructive guide for designing high‐performance anode materials for universal alkali‐ion storage.
Phase‐Regulated Sensing Mechanism of MoS2 Based Nanohybrids toward Point‐of‐Care Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ying Zi , Feng Lingyan , Ji Dongqing , Zhang Yuan , Chen Wei , Dai Yifan , Janyasupab Metini , Li Xinxin , Wen Weijia , Liu Chung‐Chiun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) has been proven to be consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer epitheliums, and is expected to act as a positive biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in clinical practice. Here, a strategy for specific determination of AMACR in real human serum by using an electrochemical microsensor system is presented. In order to implement the protocol, a self‐organized nanohybrid consisting of metal nanopillars in a 2D MoS2 matrix is developed as material for the sensing interface. The testing signal outputs are strongly enhanced with the presence of the nanohybrids owing to that the metal pillars provide an efficient mass difussion and electron transfer path to the MoS2 film surface. Furthermore, the phase‐regulated sensing mechanism over MoS2 is noticed and demonstrated by density functional theory calculation and experiments. The explored MoS2 based nanohybrids are employed for the fabrication of an electrochemical microsensor, presenting good linear relationship in both ng µL−1 and pg µL−1 ranges for AMACR quantification. The sampling analysis of human serum indicates that this microsensor has good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity toward AMACR. The proposed electrochemical microsensor system also demonstrates the advantages of convenience, cost‐effectiveness, and disposability, resulting in a potential integrated microsystem for point‐of‐care prostate cancer diagnosis.
Genetic Structure of Smallmouth Bass in the Lake Michigan and Upper Mississippi River Drainages Relates to Habitat, Distance, and Drainage Boundaries
Authors: Euclide Peter T. , Ruzich Jenna , Hansen Scott P. , Rowe David , Zorn Troy G. , Larson Wesley A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnalysis of genetic connectivity helps to define stock boundaries and provides information on interpopulation dynamics, such as migration and spawning site fidelity. We used 16 microsatellite loci to describe the genetic population structure of 1,215 Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu from 32 sites throughout the upper Mississippi River and Lake Michigan watersheds. We found that Smallmouth Bass populations formed two genetically distinct units separated by the Mississippi River–Lake Michigan drainage boundary. Smallmouth Bass from the Lake Michigan drainage could be parsimoniously grouped into two or six genetically distinct units that largely corresponded with either river or lake habitats, while fish from the Mississippi River drainage grouped into two, six, or nine genetic units that were mostly associated with watershed boundaries. In the Lake Michigan and Mississippi River drainages, relative migration was limited between lake and river sites, suggesting that gene flow between neighboring sites with different habitat attributes can be low. Our research provides a higher‐resolution assessment of Smallmouth Bass genetic structure in a core portion of the species’ range and provides strong evidence that Smallmouth Bass populations are structured at small spatial scales that are potentially associated with habitat type. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating genetic structure at small spatial scales and adopting management strategies that preserve genetic diversity of black bass populations at both the watershed level and the habitat level.
Variation in surgical treatment advice for women with stress urinary incontinence: a study using clinical case vignettes
Authors: Mamza Jil Billy , Geary Rebecca , El-Hamamsy Dina , Gurol Ipek , Duckett Jonathan , Mahmood Tahir , Monga Ash , Toozs-Hobson Philip , Wilson Andrew , Tincello Douglas , Van der Meulen Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine how recommendations of gynaecologists on surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were influenced by patient characteristics.

Methods
Two hundred forty-five gynaecologists in the UK fully responded to an online questionnaire including 18 vignettes describing 7 clinical characteristics of women with SUI (age, body mass index, SUI type, previous SUI surgery, frequency of leakage, bother, physical status). The gynaecologists scored recommendations for surgery ranging from 1 ‘certainly not’ to 5 ‘certainly yes’. Mean scores were used to calculate the relative impact (‘weight’) of each clinical characteristic. Latent class analysis was used to distinguish groups of gynaecologists with a particular practice style because they responded to the patient characteristics captured in the case vignettes in a similar way.

Results
The gynaecologists’ overall average recommendation score was 2.9 (interquartile range 2 to 4). All patient characteristics significantly influenced the recommendation scores (p always < 0.001) but their impact was relatively small. SUI type was most important (weight 23%), followed by previous SUI surgery (weight 21%). Latent class analysis identified five groups of gynaecologists with practice styles that differed mainly with respect to their mean recommendation score, ranging from 1.3 to 4.0.

Conclusions
Surgical treatment advice in response to case vignettes was only minimally influenced by patient characteristics. There were five groups of gynaecologists whose inclination to recommend surgical treatment varied. This suggests that there is lack of consensus on the role of surgery as a treatment for SUI. A considerable number of gynaecologists were reluctant to recommend surgery.
Surgical Unmet Need in a Low‐Income Area of a Metropolitan City in India: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Vora Kranti , Saiyed Shahin , Shah Ankita R. , Mavalankar Dileep , Jindal Rahul M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the burden of surgical conditions, level of unmet needs and reasons for non‐utilization of surgical services in a slum of Ahmedabad, India.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out from August to December 2019. Inclusion criteria was age > 14 years; any type of injury/condition that requires surgery; subject has had surgery in last 1 year, and death information of family members. Data were stored and coded in Microsoft excel and exported to IBM SPSS statistics version 25 software for data analysis. Frequencies and proportions (categorical variable) are used to summarize utilization of surgical services and understanding surgical need. The Surgeons Overseas Assessment of Surgical was used to identify surgical met and unmet needs translated into local language. Open Data Kit software was used to install questionnaire in the “Tablet” to collect information and stress‐free workflow in field.ResultsOut of 10,330 population in 2066 households, 7914 were more than 14 years of age. 3.46% (n = 274) people needed surgery; 116 did not avail surgery and were categorized in “unmet need.” Fifty percent of individuals with surgical needs had abdominal‐ or extremities‐related problems followed by eyes surgery need (14%); back, chest and breast surgical need was 13.5%. Seventeen percent of participants with surgical needs had wounds related to injury or accident while 63% had wounds that were not related to injury. Almost all participants had gone to a physician to seek healthcare, however 42% did not avail surgical care needed for a variety of reasons. Forty‐six percent of participants needing surgical care underwent major surgical procedure, while 11% had minor procedures. Financial reasons (34.5%) and lack of trust (35.3%) were major reasons for not availing surgical care.Conclusions and RelevanceAhmedabad is a relatively high income metropolitan city, has universally free health care and multiple healthcare facilities. Despite this, we have shown that there is significant unmet need for surgical procedures in the low‐income population. A unique finding was that most patients sought a consultation but approximately 50% did not avail of the free surgical procedures under the universally free health care system in this city. We propose creation of community healthcare workers focused on surgical conditions.
Impact of body mass index on real-world outcomes of rivaroxaban treatment in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Murakawa Yuji , Ikeda Takanori , Ogawa Satoshi , Kitazono Takanari , Nakagawara Jyoji , Minematsu Kazuo , Miyamoto Susumu , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Kidani Yoko , Okayama Yutaka , Sunaya Toshiyuki , Sato Shoichiro , Yamanaka Satoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis sub-analysis of the XAPASS, a prospective, single-arm, observational study, aimed to evaluate relationships between body mass index (BMI) and safety (major bleeding and all-cause mortality) and effectiveness [stroke/non-central nervous system (non-CNS) systemic embolism (SE)/myocardial infarction (MI)] outcomes in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) receiving rivaroxaban. Patients were categorized according to BMI (kg/m2) as underweight (< 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to < 25), overweight (25 to < 30), or obese (≥ 30). In total, 9578 patients with NVAF completed the 1-year follow-up and were evaluated; of these, 7618 patients had baseline BMI data. Overall, 542 (5.7%), 4410 (46.0%), 2167 (22.6%), and 499 (5.2%) patients were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that none of the BMI categories were independent predictors of major bleeding whereas being underweight was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40–5.26, p < 0.001]. The incidence of stroke/non-CNS SE/MI was higher in patients who were underweight than in those of normal weight (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.20–3.70, p = 0.009). However, in multivariable analyses, being underweight was not identified as an independent predictor of stroke/non-CNS SE/MI (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.90–2.99, p = 0.104). In conclusion, the high incidence of thromboembolic events and all-cause mortality in patients who were underweight highlights that thorough evaluation of disease status and comorbidities may be required in this population.
Nonlinear “oddities” at the percolation of 3D hierarchical graphene polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kádár Roland , Gaska Karolina , Gkourmpis Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear rheology of a novel 3D hierarchical graphene polymer nanocomposites was investigated in this study. Based on an isotactic polypropylene, the nanocomposites were prepared using simple melt mixing, which is an industrially relevant and scalable technique. The novel nanocomposites stand out as having an electrical percolation threshold (≈0.94 wt%) comparable to solution mixing graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. Their nonlinear flow behavior was investigated in oscillatory shear via Fourier-transform (FT) rheology and Chebyshev polynomial decomposition. It was shown that in addition to an increase in the magnitude of nonlinearities with filler concentration, the electrical percolation threshold corresponds to a unique nonlinear rheological signature. Thus, in dynamic strain sweep tests, the nonlinearities are dependent on the applied angular frequency, potentially detecting the emergence of a weakly connected network that is being disrupted by the flow. This is valid for both the third relative higher harmonic from Fourier-transform rheology,I3/1, as well as the third relative viscous,v3/1, Chebyshev coefficient. The angular frequency dependency comprised non-quadratic scaling inI3/1with the applied strain amplitude and a sign change inv3/1. The development of the nonlinear signatures was monitored up to concentrations in the conductor region to reveal the influence of a more robust percolated network.
Osteoma involving the olfactory groove: evaluation of the risk of a CSF leak during endoscopic surgery
Authors: Gotlib Tomasz , Kuźmińska Magdalena , Kołodziejczyk Paulina , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The olfactory groove (OG) is a common site of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak during endoscopic sinus surgery. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CSF leak during endoscopic removal of osteomas involving the OG and identify CT findings indicating increased risk of this complication.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of patients operated on for frontoethmoidal osteoma from 11 years in a single institution. A retrospective review of the literature, 1999 to 2019, of perioperative complications in patients operated on for frontoethmoidal osteoma using endoscopic or combined approaches.

Results
Case series: 73 patients were identified including 17 with the OG involvement. The only case of CSF leak occurred in a patient with spongious part of osteoma at the OG. Among six osteomas with spongious component at the OG, one was detached and five had to be drilled down, leaving a small remnant in four. In contrast, all the 11 osteomas with ivory part at the OG were safely detached and completely removed from the OG after debulking. The prevalence of CSF leak was not statistically different between the patients without and with involvement of the OG. Systematic review of the literature: Among the 273 identified patients there were 8 cases of intraoperative CSF leaks (3%) including 2 from the OG (0.7%).

Conclusion
Involvement of the OG does not significantly increase the risk of intraoperative CSF leak. However, this risk may be increased in patients with the spongious part of the tumor attached to the OG.
The Role of Cognitive Stimulation in the Home and Maternal Responses to Low Grades in Low-Income African American Adolescents’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Hardaway Cecily R. , Sterrett-Hong Emma M. , De Genna Natacha M. , Cornelius Marie D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParental involvement in education has generally been shown to foster adolescent academic achievement, yet little is known about whether two important forms of parental involvement—how parents respond to academic underachievement and how parents provide cognitive stimulation in the home—are related to academic achievement for African American adolescents. This study uses two waves of data to evaluate whether these forms of parental involvement are related to future academic achievement for low-income African American adolescents and whether there are gender differences in these associations. African American mothers and adolescents (N = 226; 48% girls) were interviewed when adolescents were ages 14 and 16. Mothers of girls reported higher mean levels of punitive responses to grades than mothers of boys, but child gender did not moderate associations between parental involvement and academic achievement. Cognitive stimulation in the home was related to changes in academic achievement from 14 to 16 years of age, controlling for age 14 academic achievement. This study provides evidence that nonpunitive responses to inadequate grades and cognitive stimulation at home are linked to academic achievement among African American adolescents.
Control of mosaic disease using microbial biostimulants: insights from mathematical modelling
Authors: Blyuss Konstantin B. , Al Basir Fahad , Tsygankova Victoria A. , Biliavska Liudmyla O. , Iutynska Galyna O. , Kyrychko Serhii N. , Dziuba Serhii V. , Tsyliuryk Olexandr I. , Izhboldin Olexandr O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA major challenge to successful crop production comes from viral diseases of plants that cause significant crop losses, threatening global food security and the livelihoods of countries that rely on those crops for their staple foods or source of income. One example of such diseases is a mosaic disease of plants, which is caused by begomoviruses and is spread to plants by whitefly. In order to mitigate negative impact of mosaic disease, several different strategies have been employed over the years, including roguing/replanting of plants, as well as using pesticides, which have recently been shown to be potentially dangerous to the environment and humans. In this paper we derive and analyse a mathematical model for control of mosaic disease using natural microbial biostimulants that, besides improving plant growth, protect plants against infection through a mechanism of RNA interference. By analysing the stability of the system’s steady states, we will show how properties of biostimulants affect disease dynamics, and in particular, how they determine whether the mosaic disease is eradicated or is rather maintained at some steady level. We will also present the results of numerical simulations that illustrate the behaviour of the model in different dynamical regimes, and discuss biological implications of theoretical results for the practical purpose of control of mosaic disease.