bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality imaging features of desmoid tumors: a head-to-toe spectrum
Authors: Rosa F. , Martinetti C. , Piscopo F. , Buccicardi D. , Schettini D. , Neumaier C. E. , Gandolfo N. , Grazioli L. , Gastaldo A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDesmoid tumors (DTs) are a rare and biologically heterogeneous group of locally aggressive fibroblastic neoplasm: their biological behavior spectrum ranges from indolent to aggressive tumors. DTs are classified as intra-abdominal, extra-abdominal, and within the abdominal wall lesions.It is well known that abdominal and extra-abdominal DTs are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner syndrome. Possible risk factors are prior trauma/surgery, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives.There was a real revolution in the management of DT: from aggressive first-line approach (surgery and radiation therapy) to a more conservative one (systemic treatment and “wait-and-see policy”).In these clinical settings, radiologists play an important role for assessing lesion resectability, evaluating recurrence, monitoring the biological behavior if an expectant management is chosen, and assessing response to systemic treatment as well as to radiation therapy.Awareness of common locations, risk factors, and imaging features is fundamental for a correct diagnosis and an adequate patient management.
Epidemiology of age-dependent prevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1) in dairy herds with and without vaccination
Authors: Brock Jonas , Lange Martin , Guelbenzu-Gonzalo Maria , Meunier Natascha , Vaz Ana Margarida , Tratalos Jamie A. , Dittrich Peter , Gunn Michael , More Simon J. , Graham David , Thulke Hans-Hermann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany studies report age as a risk factor for BoHV-1 infection or seropositivity. However, it is unclear whether this pattern reflects true epidemiological causation or is a consequence of study design and other issues. Here, we seek to understand the age-related dynamics of BoHV-1 seroprevalence in seasonal calving Irish dairy herds and provide decision support for the design and implementation of effective BoHV-1 testing strategies. We analysed seroprevalence data from dairy herds taken during two Irish seroprevalence surveys conducted between 2010 and 2017. Age-dependent seroprevalence profiles were constructed for herds that were seropositive and unvaccinated. Some of these profiles revealed a sudden increase in seroprevalence between adjacent age-cohorts, from absent or low to close to 100% of seropositive animals. By coupling the outcome of our data analysis with simulation output of an individual-based model at the herd scale, we have shown that these sudden increases are related to extensive virus circulation within a herd for a limited time, which may then subsequently remain latent over the following years. BoHV-1 outbreaks in dairy cattle herds affect animals independent of age and lead to almost 100% seroconversion in all age groups, or at least in all animals within a single epidemiological unit. In the absence of circulating infection, there is a year-on-year increase in the age-cohort at which seroprevalence changes from low to high. The findings of this study inform recommendations regarding testing regimes in the context of contingency planning or an eradication programme in seasonal calving dairy herds.
On some wavelet solutions of singular differential equations arising in the modeling of chemical and biochemical phenomena
Authors: Faheem Mo , Khan Arshad , El-Zahar E. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Lane–Emden boundary value problems arising in many real-life problems. Here, we discuss two numerical schemes based on Jacobi and Bernoulli wavelets for the solution of the governing equation of electrohydrodynamic flow in a circular cylindrical conduit, nonlinear heat conduction model in the human head, and non-isothermal reaction–diffusion model equations in a spherical catalyst and a spherical biocatalyst. These methods convert each problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, and on solving them by Newton’s method, we get the approximate analytical solution. We also provide the error bounds of our schemes. Furthermore, we also compare our results with the results in the literature. Numerical experiments show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed methods.
Soil origin and plant genotype structure distinct microbiome compartments in the model legume Medicago truncatula
Authors: Brown Shawn P. , Grillo Michael A. , Podowski Justin C. , Heath Katy D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Understanding the genetic and environmental factors that structure plant microbiomes is necessary for leveraging these interactions to address critical needs in agriculture, conservation, and sustainability. Legumes, which form root nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, have served as model plants for understanding the genetics and evolution of beneficial plant-microbe interactions for decades, and thus have added value as models of plant-microbiome interactions. Here we use a common garden experiment with 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to study the drivers of microbiome diversity and composition in three genotypes of the model legume Medicago truncatula grown in two native soil communities.

Results
Bacterial diversity decreased between external (rhizosphere) and internal plant compartments (root endosphere, nodule endosphere, and leaf endosphere). Community composition was shaped by strong compartment × soil origin and compartment × plant genotype interactions, driven by significant soil origin effects in the rhizosphere and significant plant genotype effects in the root endosphere. Nevertheless, all compartments were dominated by Ensifer, the genus of rhizobia that forms root nodule symbiosis with M. truncatula, and additional shotgun metagenomic sequencing suggests that the nodulating Ensifer were not genetically distinguishable from those elsewhere in the plant. We also identify a handful of OTUs that are common in nodule tissues, which are likely colonized from the root endosphere.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate strong host filtering effects, with rhizospheres driven by soil origin and internal plant compartments driven by host genetics, and identify several key nodule-inhabiting taxa that coexist with rhizobia in the native range. Our results set the stage for future functional genetic experiments aimed at expanding our pairwise understanding of legume-rhizobium symbiosis toward a more mechanistic understanding of plant microbiomes.
Assessment of the reliability of a non-invasive elbow valgus laxity measurement device
Authors: Seiber Kenneth , Bales Chris , Wörner Elisabeth , Lee Thay , Safran Marc R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a new objective measurement tool to measure the valgus stress laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow, the “Elbow Tester”. The anterior oblique portion of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow is the primary static restraint to valgus stress during the overhead throwing motion. The main research question was if the “Elbow Tester” that we have developed was reliable and reproducible for further use in research and daily practice.

Methods
Three different examiners tested both elbows of 11 volunteers for UCL laxity. Each elbow was tested 5 times using a standard 2 Nm valgus load, and 3 times using a manual maximum valgus load. One examiner tested the volunteers again 1 week later. The outcomes of elbow valgus laxity were compared between examiners. The intraobserver reliability was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and interobserver reliability was also assessed with a mixed model repeated ANOVA test.

Results
The device demonstrated a high level of intraobserver reliability with both the 2 Nm valgus force and manual maximum valgus force, using a minimum of three trials as determined by an ICC > 0.9 for all examiners. The interobserver reliability was moderate using the 2 Nm valgus load with an ICC value of 0.72 and significant different outcomes of elbow valgus laxity amongst examiners (p < 0.01). A high interobserver reliability (ICC value of 0.90) was observed using manual maximum valgus force and no differences between outcomes (p > 0.53).

Conclusion
The noninvasive valgus elbow tester demonstrates high interobserver and intraobserver reliability using manual maximum valgus force and can be used for further research and daily practice.
Excessive dynamic airway collapse during general anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Murakami Shunichi , Tsuruta Shunsuke , Ishida Kazuyoshi , Yamashita Atsuo , Matsumoto Mishiya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is an uncommon cause of high airway pressure during mechanical ventilation. However, EDAC is not widely recognized by anesthesiologists, and therefore, it is often misdiagnosed as asthma.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old woman with a history of asthma received anesthesia with sevoflurane for a laparotomic cholecystectomy. Under general anesthesia, she developed wheezing, high inspiratory pressure, and a shark-fin waveform on capnography, which was interpreted as an asthma attack. However, treatment with a bronchodilator was ineffective. Bronchoscopy revealed the collapse of the trachea and main bronchi upon expiration. We reviewed the preoperative computed tomography scan and saw bulging of the posterior membrane into the airway lumen, leading to a diagnosis of EDAC.

Conclusions
Although both EDAC and bronchospasm present as similar symptoms, the treatments are different. Bronchoscopy proved useful for distinguishing between these two entities. Positive end-expiratory pressure should be applied and bronchodilators avoided in EDAC.
Differentiation of the right versus left outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias using local activation time at the His bundle electrogram
Authors: Choe Won-Seok , Lee So-Ryoung , Cha Myung-Jin , Choi Eue-Keun , Oh Seil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Although multiple algorithms based on surface electrocardiographic criteria have been introduced to localize idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (VA) origins from the outflow tract (OT), their diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness remain limited. We evaluated whether local activation time of the His bundle region could differentiate left and right ventricular OT VA origins in the early stage of electrophysiology study.

Methods
We studied 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation for OT VAs with a left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis QRS morphology. The interval between the local V signal on the mapping catheter placed in the RVOT and His bundle region (V(RVOT)-V(HB) interval) and the interval from QRS complex onset to the local V signal on the His bundle region (QRS-V(HB) interval) were measured during VAs.

Results
The V(RVOT)-V(HB) and QRS-V(HB) intervals were significantly shorter in patients with LVOT VAs. The area under the curve (AUC) for the V(RVOT)-V(HB) interval by receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.865. A cutoff value of ≤ 50 ms predicted an LVOT origin of VA with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 62.5%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. The QRS-V(HB) interval showed similar diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.840), and a cutoff value of ≤ 15 ms predicted an LVOT origin of VA with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 70.8%, 45.2%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion
The V(RVOT)-V(HB) and QRS-V(HB) intervals could differentiate left from right OT origins of VA with high sensitivity and negative predictive values.
Shared decision making, aggression, and coercion in inpatients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hamann Johannes , John Miriam , Holzhüter Fabian , Siafis Spyridon , Brieger Peter , Heres Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed at answering three research questions: (a) Does shared decision making (SDM) yield similar effects for patients with involuntary admission or incidents of aggression compared to patients with voluntary admission or without incidents of aggression? (b) Does SDM reduce the number of patients with incidents of aggression and the use of coercive measures? (c) Does the use of coercion have a negative impact on patients’ perceived involvement in decision making?MethodsWe used data from the cluster-randomized SDM-PLUS trial in which patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in 12 acute psychiatric wards of 4 German psychiatric hospitals either received an SDM-intervention or treatment as usual. In addition, data on aggression and coercive measures were retrospectively obtained from patients’ records.ResultsThe analysis includedn = 305 inpatients. Patient aggression as well as coercive measures mostly took place in the first days of the inpatient stay and were seldom during the study phase of the SDM-PLUS trial.Patients who had been admitted involuntarily or showed incidents of aggression profited similarly from the intervention with regard to perceived involvement, adherence, and treatment satisfaction compared to patients admitted voluntarily or without incidents of aggression. The intervention showed no effect on patient aggression and coercive measures. Having previously experienced coercive measures did not predict patients’ rating of perceived involvement.ConclusionFurther research should focus on SDM-interventions taking place in the very first days of inpatients treatment and potential beneficial long effects of participatory approaches that may not be measurable during the current inpatient stay.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Care: A Global Collaborative Study
Authors: Jazieh Abdul Rahman , Akbulut Hakan , Curigliano Giuseppe , Rogado Alvaro , Alsharm Abdullah Ali , Razis Evangelia D. , Mula-Hussain Layth , Errihani Hassan , Khattak Adnan , De Guzman Roselle B. , Mathias Clarissa , Alkaiyat Mohammad Omar Farouq , Jradi Hoda , Rolfo Christian ,   on behalf of the International Research Network on COVID-19 Impact on Cancer Care
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic affected health care systems globally and resulted in the interruption of usual care in many health care facilities, exposing vulnerable patients with cancer to significant risks. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on cancer care worldwide. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a validated web-based questionnaire of 51 items. The questionnaire obtained information on the capacity and services offered at these centers, magnitude of disruption of care, reasons for disruption, challenges faced, interventions implemented, and the estimation of patient harm during the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 356 centers from 54 countries across six continents participated between April 21 and May 8, 2020. These centers serve 716,979 new patients with cancer a year. Most of them (88.2%) reported facing challenges in delivering care during the pandemic. Although 55.34% reduced services as part of a preemptive strategy, other common reasons included an overwhelmed system (19.94%), lack of personal protective equipment (19.10%), staff shortage (17.98%), and restricted access to medications (9.83%). Missing at least one cycle of therapy by > 10% of patients was reported in 46.31% of the centers. Participants reported patient exposure to harm from interruption of cancer-specific care (36.52%) and noncancer-related care (39.04%), with some centers estimating that up to 80% of their patients were exposed to harm. CONCLUSION The detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care is widespread, with varying magnitude among centers worldwide. Additional research to assess this impact at the patient level is required.
Personalized Multimodal Demarcation of Peritumoral Tissue in Glioma
Authors: Ghinda Diana C. , Yang Yufei , Wu Shuai , Lu Junfeng , Su Lan , Damiani Stefano , Tumati Shankar , Jansen Gerard , Duffau Hugues , Wu Jin-Song , Northoff Georg 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE Gliomas are life-threatening brain tumors, and the extent of surgical resection is one of the strongest influences on survival rate. However, the proper distinction of infiltrated tissue remains elusive. The aim of this study was to use multimodal analyses to demarcate peritumoral tissue (PT) from tumoral (TT) and healthy tissue (HT). METHODS A total of 40 patients with histologically confirmed glioma were recruited. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) using the voxel-based mean blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the corresponding structural MRI (s-MRI) alongside RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and histology results of biopsy samples obtained from PT, HT, and TT. RESULTS We demarcated a functionally defined PT area where the mean BOLD signal gradually decreased near the edge of the tumor and extended beyond the TT borders (as defined by s-MRI), which was confirmed on a case-by-case basis. Correspondingly, genetic analyses showed a gene expression pattern and mutational landscape of the PT that were distinct from that seen in HT and TT. The genetic characterization of PT relative to HT and TT converged with the MRI-defined PT zones. This was confirmed in three individual cases after additional histologic analysis. A wider PT was associated with a longer progression-free survival, which suggests PT might act as an intermediate area between TT and HT. CONCLUSION Combined multimodal imaging and genetic analyses can allow for an objective demarcation of the PT in glioma and a robust classification of the degree of infiltration of the PT. These findings could help improve both neurosurgical resection and radio-oncologic therapy.
Ablation of Ephrin B2 in Col2 Expressing Cells Delays Fracture Repair
Authors: Wang Yongmei , Ling Lin , Tian Faming , Won Kim Sun Hee , Ho Sunita , Bikle Daniel D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ephrin B2 is critical for endochondral bone development. In this study, we investigated its role in fracture repair by deleting ephrin B2 in type II collagen (Col.2) expressing cells. We used a nonstable tibia fracture model to evaluate fracture repair at 3 sites: intramembranous bone formation, endochondral bone formation, and intramedullary bone formation. We observed that during fracture repair, deletion of ephrin B2 impaired periosteal stem cell activation, inhibited their proliferation, decreased their survival, and blocked their differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In addition, deletion of ephrin B2 decreased vascular endothelial growth factor production as well as vascular invasion into the fracture site. These changes led to reduced cartilage to bone conversion in the callus with decreased new bone formation, resulting in impaired fracture repair. Our data indicate that ephrin B2 in Col2-expressing cells is a critical regulator of fracture repair, pointing to a new and potentially targetable mechanism to enhance fracture repair.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Authors: Quinn Colin , Elman Lauren 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and treatments available for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases. The article also provides an update on the genetics and pathophysiology of ALS.

RECENT FINDINGS
ALS remains a clinical diagnosis without a unique biomarker. The areas of greatest progress include a large expansion in the number of genes associated with familial and sporadic ALS. The discovery of these genes, along with other work, has provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of motor neuron failure in ALS. Areas of particular interest include the role of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 and other RNA-processing proteins in the development of disease.

SUMMARY
ALS remains a relentlessly progressive disorder with an elusive core pathophysiology. The current mainstay of treatment remains symptom management and palliation, particularly in the setting of a multidisciplinary clinic. The future holds potential for targeted therapies based on an ever-evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of both familial and sporadic ALS.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Nance Jessica Rose 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and reviews therapeutic developments, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved gene-targeted therapies and mainstays of supportive SMA care.

RECENT FINDINGS
Over the past decades, an understanding of the role of SMN protein in the development and maintenance of the motor unit and the intricate genetics underlying SMA has led to striking developments in therapeutics with three FDA-approved treatments for SMA, one targeting SMN1 gene replacement (onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi) and two others enhancing SMN protein production from the SMN2 gene (nusinersen and risdiplam). These therapies are most effective in infants treated at younger ages, and improvement is most striking in babies treated as neonates. Despite improvements in motor function, patients (especially those treated at older ages) continue to experience significant weakness and require continued close monitoring of respiratory and orthopedic symptoms.

SUMMARY
Striking therapeutic advancements have changed the clinical course of SMA dramatically, although supportive care continues to play an important role in patient care.