bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dense and core‐rim structured B4C‐TiB2 ceramics with Mo‐Co‐WC additive
Authors: Tan Da‐Wang , Lao Zhen‐Yong , Zhang Zhan , Guo Wei‐Ming , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractB4C‐TiB2 ceramics (TiB2 ranging 5~70 vol%) with Mo‐Co‐WC as the sintering additive were prepared by spark plasma sintering. In comparison with B4C‐TiB2 without additive, the enhanced densification was evident in the sintered specimen with Mo‐Co‐WC additive. Core‐rim structured grain was observed around TiB2 grains. The interface of the rim between TiB2 and B4C phases demonstrated different feature: the inner borderline of the rim exhibited a smooth feature, whereas a sharp curved grain boundary was observed between the rim and the B4C grain. The formation mechanism is discussed: the epitaxial growth of (Ti,Mo,W)B2 rim around the TiB2 core may occur as a result of the solid solution and dissolution‐precipitation between TiB2 phase and the sintering additive. It was revealed that the fracture toughness increased as the content of TiB2 content increased, alongside the decreased hardness. B4C‐30 vol% TiB2 specimen demonstrated the optimal combination of mechanical properties, reaching Vickers hardness of 24.3 GPa and fracture toughness of 3.33 MPa·m1/2.
Investigating text‐picture integration in videos with the multimedia contradiction paradigm
Authors: Schüler Anne , Merkt Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn two experiments, the multimedia contradiction paradigm was used to investigate whether learners map information conveyed through the audio and the picture track of a video. In Experiment 1 (N = 85), the information conveyed through the audio track and the picture track was always consistent (control group) or was made inconsistent by changing the audio track at one point in time (text‐wrong group). Experiment 2 (N = 143) added a second inconsistent condition by changing the picture track at one point in time (picture‐wrong group). In both experiments, the learners' gaze behaviour differed from that of the control group when inconsistent information was presented in the experimental groups. This indicates that mapping processes—which are an indispensable part of integration—occur when learners process videos. Regarding learning outcomes, no differences between groups were observed. In addition, only a few learners remembered the conflict after learning. Further, recall shifted towards the pictorial information when learners encountered conflict.
Migration of an ingested fishbone to the uterine wall: A case report
Authors: Kanaoka Yasushi , Hasuike Yasunori , Fukuchi Takumi , Tsuchida Yasuaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the first case of the removal of an ingested fishbone from the uterus. A 77‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐day history of lower abdominal pain. An abscess‐like lesion in the posterior wall of the uterus was revealed by transvaginal ultrasonography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, a curvilinear calcium density in the anterior uterine wall was revealed by abdominal computed tomography. A recto‐sigmoidal perforation and uterine abscess were suspected. Thus, hysteroscopic drainage of the abscess was performed. Hysteroscopy revealed a fishbone partially embedded in the myometrium. Its removal resulted in full recovery. This study believed that adhesions between the uterus and rectosigmoid colon after partial gastrectomy for gastric cancer may have limited abdominal symptoms by limiting the leakage of intestinal fluids. Although rare, it should be considered that migration of a fishbone into the uterus could occur.
The effects of dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate on growth parameters, intestinal microflora, and histopathology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fingerlings
Authors: Şahin Tolga , Yılmaz Sevdan , Yazıcı İrfan Selçuk , Berber Selçuk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB)‐supplemented diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. For this purpose, three experimental diets were prepared to contain 0, 2, and 5% PHB; and each diet was tested in a completely randomized design for 60 days in quadruple groups of 22 fish per tank. The results showed that the inclusion of PHB in the diets did not affect the growth parameters such as mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio among treatments. There was also no effect of the PHB on chemical composition, PCR‐DGGE profile of the intestinal bacterial communities, total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria as well as the intestine and the liver histopathology of fish. However, the supplementation of 2 and 5% PHB in the diet significantly reduced total coliform counts, while 5% PHB diet additionally decreased Enterobacteriaceae counts. Both inclusion ratios resulted in significantly higher intestinal villus length and width at the end of the experiment. Considering the positive effects of dietary PHB on intestinal bacterial flora and villus sizes of rainbow trout fingerlings, it can be used as an alternative microbial control agent.Significance StatementPHB is a biopolymer that has previously been reported to have positive effects on fish health, and no literature has been encountered investigating the effects of PHB on rainbow trout fry. The findings obtained in this study show that PHB has positive effects on the intestinal tissues of rainbow trout fry and provides an increase in the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut flora.
Ramadan fasting and liver diseases: A review with practice advices and recommendations
Authors: Emara Mohamed H. , Soliman Hanan H. , Elnadry Mohamed , Mohamed Said Ebada , Abd‐Elsalam Sherief , Elbatae Hassan E. , Zaher Tarik I. , Ezzeldin S. Bazeed Shamardan , Abdel‐Razik Ahmed , Youssef Mohamed Salem , Elfert Asem ,   the “Egyptian Ramadan Fasting, Liver Diseases Interest Group”
Published: December 2020

AbstractRamadan fasting is obligatory for Muslim healthy adults. However, there are many exemptions from fasting; including patients, whose diseases will be aggravated by fasting. Muslim patients with different liver diseases are frequently seen in the clinics discussing their intent to fast this month with their treating physicians. To answer our patients’ inquiries about the expected benefits and/or risks of fasting and delivering them the best care, we carried out this review and we draw advices and recommendations based on the available evidence. A web‐based search, combining multiple keywords representing different liver diseases with Ramadan fasting had been carried out. To answer the research question: Do adult Muslim patients with different liver diseases who fast the month of Ramadan have had a deleterious effect on their health in comparison to those who did not fast? Relevant publications were retrieved. No randomized controlled trials were focusing on Ramadan fasting and liver diseases in the filtered databases, eg Cochrane library. Consequently, non‐filtered databases, eg PubMed, Google Scholar and Egyptian Knowledge Bank searched and full‐text high‐quality research articles were carefully analysed to draw recommendations. Other relevant publications with low quality of evidence like case studies and short communications were also reviewed to address practice advices. Although Ramadan fasting was found beneficial for patients with NAFLD, it was found deleterious to patients with Child B and C cirrhosis and patients with peptic ulcer. Patients with chronic hepatitis, Child A cirrhosis and those with non‐complicated liver transplant can fast with prefasting assessment and strict follow up.
Central‐Auckland rainfall, 1853–2020: Sites histories and implications for developing a long‐term rainfall record
Authors: Fowler Anthony M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious work related to central‐Auckland site Albert Park showed that sparse site histories for inner‐city weather stations can be usefully supplemented by mining searchable online historical archives (Papers Past, DigitalNZ), at least as far back as 1909. Assessment of potential is extended here back to 1853, within the context of developing a long‐term rainfall record for Auckland. Although late 19th century sources are thinner and of poorer quality, much useful information could be gleaned about the locations and exposures of early sites. Hypothesised implications for the rainfall record suggest that all early site data need to be adjusted upwards.
Fatal Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with virus‐infected T cells after pediatric multivisceral transplantation: A proof‐of‐concept case report
Authors: Yamada Masaki , Sakamoto Seisuke , Sakamoto Kenichi , Uchida Hajime , Shimizu Seiichi , Osumi Tomoo , Kato Motohiro , Shoji Kensuke , Arai Katsuhiro , Miyazaki Osamu , Nakano Noriyuki , Yoshioka Takako , Fukuda Akinari , Kasahara Mureo , Imadome Ken‐Ichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEBV‐associated HLH driven by EBV‐infected CD8+ T cells is a rare complication after pediatric solid organ transplantation. The etiology and disease spectrum of post‐transplant EBV‐HLH are poorly understood, and making a precise diagnosis and providing optimal treatment remain a challenge.Methods/Case description/ResultsWe report a 2‐year‐old multivisceral transplant recipient who developed fever and cytopenia with a persistent high EBV‐load state. Repeated tissue examinations and CT scans could not identify a localized mass, which is the key to the diagnosis of PTLD as per the WHO classification. Hence, EBV‐HLH was diagnosed by clinical manifestations as well as characterization of EBV‐infected cells, pathological examination on cell block of pleural effusion and clonality analysis. This EBV‐HLH did not respond to intensive chemotherapy, resulted in the recipient's death, acting similarly to hematological malignancy.ConclusionsCharacterization of EBV‐infected cells in peripheral blood should be considered when persistent high EBV loads develop with symptoms consistent with PTLD, but no evidence of localized mass, and the tissue diagnosis is unavailable after pediatric solid organ transplantation.
Toward a Multiplex Network Theory of Interlocal Service Contracting
Authors: Shrestha Manoj K. , Feiock Richard C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDebates about risk in interlocal service contracts treat contracts as discrete dyadic exchanges. We challenge this notion by advancing a multiplex network contacting approach, which asserts that interlocal contracting represents a multiplex network phenomenon, defined as overlapping multiple service contract networks. Simultaneous treatment of multiple networks is required to understand how local governments mitigate contract risks. We claim that local governments create multiplex network structures comprising more than one service contract networks in order to reduce service contracting risks. Multivariate exponential random graph models were fit to joint high‐risk and low or mixed‐risk contract networks involving eight local government services in Pinellas County, Florida. The results demonstrate that local governments mitigate risk by creating multiplex reciprocity and multiplex network closure in contracts that involve multiple services.
Foreign direct investment, informality and technology transfer
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) is generally associated with technology transfer as well as the diffusion of technology and know‐how in host countries. In this paper we first show that this is true only in countries where the informal sector is relatively small. After establishing this empirical fact, we incorporate FDI, informality, and technology transfer into a multi‐country dynamic general equilibrium model and estimate key model parameters using some cross‐country micro‐ and macro‐level evidence. We then use the calibrated model to quantify the quantitative impact of varying informal sector size on technology transfer through FDI.
From Biosecurity to Security Ecologies: An Analysis between Old Dairy Farming Traditions and Routines and Veterinary Recommendations in Spain
Authors: Moya Sebastián , Tirado Francisco , Diéguez F. Javier , Allepuz Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiosecurity has gained significant interest in farm animal health in recent years. However, in dairy cattle farms, there is slight, or no implementation of biosecurity practices recommended by official authorities and techno‐scientific experts. This situation might be explained by the tension between old farming traditions and routines and veterinary recommendations. We draw upon Lefebvre’s threefold model of space, which addresses spatial practices (old traditions and routines), representations of space (recommendations) and representational space (final implementation of biosecurity measures), constituting security ecologies to understand what might be happening by using an ethnographic approach on two farms in Galicia and two in Catalonia in Spain. The three biosecurity practices considered are management of dead animals, control of vectors and pests, and animal management. The results show that farms have different specific contexts, and that the reasons behind the positions of farmers and veterinarians, effective communication and common sense need to be considered. Security ecologies based on Lefebvre’s model could therefore be a positive mechanism for ensuring the implementation of biosecurity, beyond the visions of authorities or specialists.
Neuroinvasive chikungunya in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Pimenta Eduardo Scarlatelli , Cavalcanti Marta Guimarães , Cabral‐Castro Mauro Jorge , Lima Marco Antonio , Peralta José Mauro , Santoro‐Lopes Guilherme 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of chronic immunosuppression on the course of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) is still unsettled. Scarce data suggest that the course of CHIKV infection is generally benign in this population. In addition, the occurrence of severe atypical manifestations associated with CHIKV has not been well documented among SOT recipients. In this report, we describe a 64‐year‐old male liver transplant recipient who was admitted with fever, headache, arthralgia, left palpebral ptosis, mydriasis, and right hemiparesis. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any alteration suggestive of acute infection. Nevertheless, CHIKV was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a real‐time reverse transcriptase assay. Other PCR assays carried out in CSF were negative for HSV‐1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). CHIKV viremia was also detected while PCR assays for ZIKV and DENV in the blood were negative. ZIKV viruria was simultaneously present in this case. All neurologic manifestations waned within 2 weeks after the onset. This report shows that chikungunya must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute neurologic disease in SOT recipients who live in or have recently traveled to endemic areas.
Phenylbutyrate, a branched‐chain amino acid keto dehydrogenase activator, promotes branched‐chain amino acid metabolism and induces muscle catabolism in C2C12 cells
Authors: Crossland Hannah , Smith Kenneth , Idris Iskandar , Phillips Bethan E. , Atherton Philip J , Wilkinson Daniel J 
Published: December 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The compound sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) has been shown to promote branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, and as such has been proposed as a treatment for disorders with enhanced BCAA levels: does PB induce muscle protein catabolism by forcing BCAA degradation away from muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Accelerated BCAA catabolism using PB resulted in adverse effects related to mTOR signalling and muscle protein metabolism in skeletal muscle cells, which may limit its application in conditions where muscle wasting is a risk.
AbstractThe compound sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) has been used for reducing ammonia in patients with urea cycle disorders and proposed as a treatment for disorders with enhanced branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) levels, due to its effects on promoting BCAA catabolism. In skeletal muscle cells, we hypothesised that PB would induce muscle protein catabolism due to forcing BCAA degradation away from muscle protein synthesis and downregulating mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). PB reduced medium BCAA and branched‐chain keto acid (BCKA) concentrations, while total cell protein (−21%; P < 0.001 vs. control) and muscle protein synthesis (−25%; P < 0.001 vs. control; assessed by measurement of puromycin incorporation into polypeptides) were decreased with PB. The regulator of anabolic pathways mTOR and its downstream components were impaired with PB treatment. The present results indicate that accelerated BCAA catabolism using PB resulted in adverse effects related to mTOR signalling and muscle protein metabolism, which may limit its application in settings where muscle wasting is a risk.
ATP‐sensitive K+ channels control the spontaneous firing of a glycinergic interneuron in the auditory brainstem
Authors: Strazza Paulo S. , de Siqueira Daniela V. F. , Leão Ricardo M. 
Published: December 2020

Key points
Cartwheel neurons provide potent inhibition to fusiform neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN).
Most cartwheel neurons fire action potentials spontaneously, but the ion channels responsible for this intrinsic activity are unknown.
We investigated the ion channels responsible for the intrinsic firing of cartwheel neurons and the stable resting membrane potential found in a fraction of these neurons (quiet neurons).
Among the ion channels controlling membrane potential of cartwheel neurons, the presence of open ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) is responsible for the existence of quiet neurons.
Our results pinpoint KATP channel modulation as a critical factor controlling the firing of cartwheel neurons. Hence, it is a crucial channel influencing the balance of excitation and inhibition in the DCN.
AbstractCartwheel neurons from the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are glycinergic interneurons and the primary source of inhibition on the fusiform neurons, the DCN's principal excitatory neuron. Most cartwheel neurons present spontaneous firing (active neurons), producing a steady inhibitory tone on fusiform neurons. In contrast, a small fraction of these neurons do not fire spontaneously (quiet neurons). Hyperactivity of fusiform neurons is seen in animals with behavioural evidence of tinnitus. Because of its relevance in controlling the excitability of fusiform neurons, we investigated the ion channels responsible for the spontaneous firing of cartwheel neurons in DCN slices from rats. We found that quiet neurons presented an outward conductance not seen in active neurons, which generates a stable resting potential. This current was sensitive to tolbutamide, an ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP) antagonist. After inhibition with tolbutamide, quiet neurons start to fire spontaneously, while the active neurons were not affected. On the other hand, in active neurons, KATP agonist diazoxide activated a conductance similar to quiet neurons’ KATP conductance and stopped spontaneous firing. According to the effect of KATP channels on cartwheel neuron firing, glycinergic neurotransmission in DCN was increased by tolbutamide and decreased by diazoxide. Our results reveal a role of KATP channels in controlling the spontaneous firing of neurons not involved in fuel homeostasis.
Annular Frictional Pressure Losses for Drilling Fluids
Authors: Saasen Arild , Ytrehus Jan David , Lund Bjørnar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the paper, it is demonstrated how a Herschel–Bulkley fluid model, where the parameters are selected from relevant shear rate range of the flow and are parametrically independent, can be used for pressure loss calculations. The model is found to provide adequate pressure loss predictions for axial flow in an annulus where the inner cylinder does not rotate. It is described how one can simplify a slot model approximation of the annulus pressure loss using the Herschel–Bulkley fluid model (Founargiotakis model). This simplified model gives approximately the same accuracy as does the full Founargiotakis model. It is shown that the use of such a parallel plate model gives reasonably good fit to measured data on laminar flow of oil-based drilling fluids if the viscous data are measured at relevant shear rates for the flow. Laboratory measurements indicate that the use of the simplified pressure loss model is also valid for turbulent flow. However, the predictions should be adjusted for the surface roughness in the well.
Research on Influencing Factors About Temperature of Short Circuit Area in Lithium-Ion Power Battery
Authors: Wenwei Wang , Fenghao Zuo , Yiding Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the main power source for electric vehicles, lithium-ion power batteries have always been the focus of public safety. Lithium-ion batteries may occur thermal runaway after internal short circuit caused by mechanical abuse. It is extremely important to study the influencing factors of thermal runaway. In this article, the quasi-static battery extrusion test is used to study the changes of load, voltage, and temperature during the short circuit process of lithium-ion batteries and to observe the influencing factors that may cause thermal runaway. The electrochemical–electrical–thermal multi-physics coupling model was established by comsol multi-physics simulation software to simulate the thermal behavior of the battery after short circuit. The effects of short circuit cases, state of charge (SOC), and voltage maintenance time after short circuit on the thermal runaway of the battery are studied. By comparing the experimental results, the short circuit case of the battery caused by mechanical abuse is judged. The research results have played a certain reference role in the future research on battery mechanical abuse and internal short circuit.
A Novel Method of Blade-Inclined Ultrasonic Cutting Nomex Honeycomb Core With Straight Blade
Authors: Wang Yidan , Kang Renke , Dong Zhigang , Wang Xuanping , Huo Dehong , Zhang Xun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic cutting with a straight blade is an advanced method for cutting Nomex honeycomb cores. However, crushing has generally been observed on the machining surface of the honeycomb core during ultrasonic cutting (UC). In this paper, to avoid crushing, a new blade-inclined ultrasonic cutting (BIUC) method is proposed to decrease the geometric interference between the cutting tool and the honeycomb cores. The cutting geometry systems of UC and BIUC with a straight blade are systematically established to study the effect of the cutting geometry on the machining quality. The crushing degrees caused by the major flank under different tool orientations in UC and BIUC are analyzed. The causes of crushing during the machining of the honeycomb core were revealed from the aspects of machining quality, cutting force, and geometric interference between the major flank and the material. Experiments involving the quantitative analysis of the crushing and cutting forces verify that the BIUC method is able to avoid crushing by controlling the cutting angle. This paper provides a new method for solving the crushing problem in machining honeycomb core with a straight blade.