bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education
Authors: Deming W. Edwards 
Published: July 2020

A new edition of a book that details the system of transformation underlying the 14 Points for Management presented in Deming's Out of the Crisis.
It would be better if everyone would work together as a system, with the aim for everybody to win. What we need is cooperation and transformation to a new style of management.”
—from The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education
In this book, W. Edwards Deming details the system of transformation that underlies the 14 Points for Management presented in Out of the Crisis. The Deming System of Profound Knowledge, as it is called, consists of four parts: appreciation for a system, knowledge about variation, theory of knowledge, and psychology. Describing the prevailing management style as a prison, Deming shows applying the System of Profound Knowledge increases productivity, quality, and people's joy in work and joy in learning. Another outcome is short-term and long-term success in the market. Indicative of Deming's philosophy is his advice to abolish performance reviews on the job, to look deeper than spreadsheets for opportunities, and even to rethink how we teach and manage our schools. Moreover, Deming's method enables organizations to make accurate predictions, which is a valuable tool in today's uncertain economic climate.
This third edition features a new chapter (written by business consultant and Deming expert Kelly L. Allan) that explains the relevance of Deming's management method, and case studies from organizations that have adopted Deming's System of Profound Knowledge, and offers guidance on how organizations can effectively “do Deming.”
End‐to‐end unsupervised cycle‐consistent fully convolutional network for 3D pelvic CT‐MR deformable registration
Authors: Guo Yi , Wu Xiangyi , Wang Zhi , Pei Xi , Xu X. George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo improve the efficiency of computed tomography (CT)‐magnetic resonance (MR) deformable image registration while ensuring the registration accuracy.MethodsTwo fully convolutional networks (FCNs) for generating spatial deformable grids were proposed using the Cycle‐Consistent method to ensure the deformed image consistency with the reference image data. In all, 74 pelvic cases consisting of both MR and CT images were studied, among which 64 cases were used as training data and 10 cases as the testing data. All training data were standardized and normalized, following simple image preparation to remove the redundant air. Dice coefficients and average surface distance (ASD) were calculated for regions of interest (ROI) of CT‐MR image pairs, before and after the registration. The performance of the proposed method (FCN with Cycle‐Consistent) was compared with that of Elastix software, MIM software, and FCN without cycle‐consistent.ResultsThe results show that the proposed method achieved the best performance among the four registration methods tested in terms of registration accuracy and the method was more stable than others in general. In terms of average registration time, Elastix took 64 s, MIM software took 28 s, and the proposed method was found to be significantly faster, taking <0.1 s.ConclusionThe proposed method not only ensures the accuracy of deformable image registration but also greatly reduces the time required for image registration and improves the efficiency of the registration process. In addition, compared with other deep learning methods, the proposed method is completely unsupervised and end‐to‐end.
Inferring task performance and confidence from displays of eye movements
Authors: Emhardt Selina N. , van Wermeskerken Margot , Scheiter Katharina , van Gog Tamara 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEye movements reveal what is at the center of people's attention, which is assumed to coincide with what they are thinking about. Eye‐movement displays (visualizations of a person's fixations superimposed onto the stimulus, for example, as dots or circles) might provide useful information for diagnosing that person's performance. However, making inferences about a person's task performance based on eye‐movement displays requires substantial interpretation. Using graph‐comprehension tasks, we investigated to what extent observers (N = 46) could make accurate inferences about a performer's multiple‐choice task performance (i.e., chosen answer), confidence, and competence from displays of that person's eye movements. Observers' accuracy when judging which answer the performer chose was above chance level and was higher for displays reflecting confident performance. Observers were also able to infer performers' confidence from the eye‐movement displays; moreover, their own task performance and perceived similarity with the performer affected their judgments of the other's competence.
Gaining Insight into the Effect of Organic Interface Layer on Suppressing Ion Migration Induced Interfacial Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ning Jiaoyi , Zhu Yanan , Hu Zhao , Shi Yuhao , Ali Muhammad Umair , He Junpeng , He Yaowu , Yan Feng , Yang Shihe , Miao Jingsheng , Meng Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIon migration induced interfacial degradation is a detrimental factor for the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and hence requires special attention to address this issue for the development of efficient PSCs with improved stability. Here, an “S‐shaped, hook‐like” organic small molecule, naphthalene diimide derivative (NDI‐BN), is employed as a cathode interface layer (CIL) to tailor the [6,6]‐phenylC61‐butyric acid methylester (PCBM)/Ag interface in inverted PSCs. By realizing enhanced electron extraction capability via the incorporation of NDI‐BN, a peak power conversion efficiency of 21.32% is achieved. Capacitance–voltage measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed an obvious role of this new organic CIL in successfully blocking ionic diffusion pathways toward the Ag cathode, thereby preventing interfacial degradation and improving device stability. The molecular packing motif of NDI‐BN further unveils its densely packed structure with π–π stacking force which has the ability to effectually hinder ion migration. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that intercalation of decomposed perovskite species into the NDI clusters is considerably more difficult compared with the PCBM counterparts. This substantial contrast between NDI‐BN and PCBM molecules in terms of their structures and packing fashion determines the different tendencies of ion migration and unveils the superior potential of NDI‐BN in curtailing interfacial degradation.
Scattering Cancellation by a Monolayer Cloak in Oxide Dispersion‐Strengthened Alloys
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Chuanbao , Li Pei , Lu Tianxing , Chen Cunguang , Guo Zhimeng , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji , Bai Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn addition to wave‐based fields, metamaterials can manipulate diffusion fields at will, for example, the scattering cancellation of particle flow in natural materials. In this paper, a monolayer cloak is proposed to eliminate electron scattering and improve the total conductivity in commonly used aluminum‐oxide‐dispersion‐strengthened copper alloys (Cu‐Al2O3) after a multiscale model is established to theoretically explain the dependence of conductivity on scattering behavior. Intense electron scattering caused by dispersed alumina nanoinclusions dominates the drastic drop in the conductivity in the Cu‐Al2O3 system. The Drude model is expanded to a generalized form to explain the multiscale scattering regime in Cu‐Al2O3 after unifying the macro‐ and nanoscale considerations into the mesoscopic multibody scattering process of a Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that the conductivity is closely related to the overall electron density and relaxation time of electrons. Then, a cloak is designed based on scattering cancellation to improve the conductivity by reducing electron collisions, whose structure is simplified into a monolayer cloak by adopting an imaginary insulating layer. Both simulation and experiment confirm a substantial improvement of the total conductivity. The invisible cloaks manipulating particle flow expands the research scope of metamaterials to innovatively improve the properties of traditional materials.
Facile and Rapid Method for Fabricating Liquid Metal Electrodes with Highly Precise Patterns via One‐Step Coating
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Kim Ju‐Hyung , Seo Soonmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGallium‐based alloys, which are virtually non‐toxic liquid metals at room temperature, are considered highly promising electrode materials for state‐of‐the‐art electronics with new form factors. Herein, a facile and rapid method to fabricate liquid metal electrodes with highly precise patterns via a one‐step coating is presented. For this work, polymeric stencil masks with dual structures, comprising upper and lower structures for injecting and molding the liquid metal, respectively, are used for direct patterning of the liquid metal via spray deposition for few seconds, enabling the formation of complex and minute patterns including long thin lines and hollow forms. This method can be adapted to 3D substrates of various materials without any surface treatment, owing to the intrinsic adhesive and flexible properties of the polymeric masks ensuring conformal contact with non‐flat surfaces, and is also expected to be applicable to sub‐micron patterns. In addition, a number of highly flexible/stretchable electronic applications, exhibiting no change in electrical conductivity upon consecutive structural deformations, are demonstrated on various substrates including human skin. It is anticipated that these results will not only spur the further development of flexible/stretchable electronics, but also significantly contribute to the innovative on‐site fabrication of wearable electronics with high durability.
Wet‐Style Superhydrophobic Antifogging Coatings for Optical Sensors
Authors: Yoon Jongsun , Ryu Min , Kim Hyeongjeong , Ahn Gwang‐Noh , Yim Se‐Jun , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Lee Hyomin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransparent substrates are widely used for optical applications from lenses for personal and sports eyewear to transparent displays and sensors. While these substrates require excellent optical properties, they often suffer from a variety of environmental challenges such as excessive fogging and surface contamination. In this work, it is demonstrated that a wet‐style superhydrophobic coating, which simultaneously exhibits antifogging, antireflective, and self‐cleaning properties, can be prepared by pattern transferring low‐surface‐energy microstructures onto a heterostructured nanoscale thin film comprising polymers and silica nanoparticles. The polymer–silica nanocomposite base layer serves as a hydrophilic reservoir, guiding the water molecules to preferentially condense into this underlying region and suppress reflection, while the low‐surface‐energy microstructure enables contaminants adsorbed on the surface to be easily removed by rinsing with water.
Utilizing Latent Multi‐Redox Activity of p‐Type Organic Cathode Materials toward High Energy Density Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Lee Sechan , Lee Kyunam , Ku Kyojin , Hong Jihyun , Park Soo Young , Kwon Ji Eon , Kang Kisuk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic electrode materials hold great potential due to their cost‐efficiency, eco‐friendliness, and possibly high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, most organic cathode materials exhibit a trade‐off relationship between the specific capacity and the voltage, failing to deliver high energy density. Herein, it is shown that the trade‐off can be mitigated by utilizing the multi‐redox capability of p‐type electrodes, which can significantly increase the specific capacity within a high‐voltage region. The molecular structure of 5,10‐dihydro‐5,10‐dimethylphenazine is modified to yield a series of phenoxazine and phenothiazine derivatives with elevated redox potentials by substitutions. Subsequently, the feasibility of the multi‐redox capability is scrutinized for these high‐voltage p‐type organic cathodes, achieving one of the highest energy densities. It is revealed that the seemingly impractical second redox reaction is indeed dependent on the choice of the electrolyte and can be reversibly realized by tailoring the donor number and the salt concentration of the electrolyte, which places the voltage of the multi‐redox reaction within the electrochemical stability window. The results demonstrate that high‐energy‐density organic cathodes can be practically achieved by rational design of multi‐redox p‐type organic electrode materials and the compatibility consideration of the electrolyte, opening up a new avenue toward advanced organic rechargeable batteries.
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Overcoming Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Kim Min‐cheol , Ham So‐Yeon , Cheng Diyi , Wynn Thomas A. , Jung Hyun Suk , Meng Ying Shirley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last 10 years, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have achieved unprecedented advances, to the point where they now exhibit extremely high efficiency. However, long‐term stability and areal scalability limitations impede the commercial application of perovskite materials, and appropriate diagnosistic tools have become necessary to evaluate perovskite materials. Characterization of perovskite materials is regularly misinterpretated, due to unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors: degradation from the measurement source, ion migration, phase transition, and separation. Herein, studies on perovskites are reviewed that have used advanced characterization tools to overcome characterization challenges. Cryogenic temperature assisted measurements mitigate degradation or phase transitions induced by the measurement source. In situ measurements can track the variation of perovskite materials depending on external stimuli. Spatial material properties are able to be evaluated by the use of multidimensional mapping techniques. An overview of these advanced characterization tools that can overcome the challenges associated with established tools provides the opportunity for further understanding perovskite materials and solving the remaining challenges on the road to commercialization.
Incident dementia and faster rates of cognitive decline are associated with worse multisensory function summary scores
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D. , Kaup Allison R. , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe created a summary score for multiple sensory (multisensory) impairment and evaluated its association with dementia.MethodsWe studied 1794 adults aged 70 to 79 who were dementia‐free at enrollment and followed for up to 10 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. The multisensory function score (0 to 12 points) was based on sample quartiles of objectively measured vision, hearing, smell, and touch summed overall. Risk of incident dementia and cognitive decline (measured by two cognitive tests) associated with the score were assessed in regression models adjusting for demographics and health conditions.ResultsDementia risk was 2.05 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50‐2.81) comparing “poor” to “good” multisensory score tertiles and 1.45 times higher comparing the “middle” to “good” tertiles (95% CI 1.09‐1.91). Each point worse in the multisensory function score was associated with faster rates of cognitive decline (P < .05).ConclusionsWorsening multisensory function, even at mild levels, was associated with accelerated cognitive aging.
Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Trivedi Tushar , Henninger Nils , Giles James , Liu Angela , Nagy Muhammad , Kaushal Ashutosh , Azher Idrees , Mac Grory Brian , Fakhri Hiba , Brown Espaillat Kiersten , Asad Syed Daniyal , Pasupuleti Hemanth , Martin Heather , Tan Jose , Veerasamy Manivannan , Liberman Ava L. , Esenwa Charles , Cheng Natalie , Moncrieffe Khadean , Moeini‐Naghani Iman , Siddu Mithilesh , Scher Erica , Leon Guerrero Christopher R. , Khan Muhib , Nouh Amre , Mistry Eva , Keyrouz Salah , Furie Karen 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveGuidelines recommend initiating anticoagulation within 4 to 14 days after cardioembolic stroke. Data supporting this did not account for key factors potentially affecting the decision to initiate anticoagulation, such as infarct size, hemorrhagic transformation, or high‐risk features on echocardiography.MethodsWe pooled data from stroke registries of 8 comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. We included consecutive patients admitted with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. The primary predictor was timing of initiating anticoagulation (0–3 days, 4–14 days, or >14 days), and outcomes were recurrent stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and major extracranial hemorrhage (ECH) within 90 days.ResultsAmong 2,084 patients, 1,289 met the inclusion criteria. The combined endpoint occurred in 10.1% (n = 130) subjects (87 ischemic events, 20 sICH, and 29 ECH). Overall, there was no significant difference in the composite endpoint between the 3 groups (0–3 days: 10.3%, 64/617; 4–14 days: 9.7%, 52/535; >14 days: 10.2%, 14/137; p = 0.933). In adjusted models, patients started on anticoagulation between 4 and 14 days did not have a lower rate of sICH (vs 0–3 days; odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50–4.43), nor did they have a lower rate of recurrent ischemic events (vs >14 days; OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.36–1.62, p = 0.482).InterpretationIn this multicenter real‐world cohort, the recommended (4–14 days) time frame to start oral anticoagulation was not associated with reduced ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes. Randomized trials are required to determine the optimal timing of anticoagulation initiation. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:807–816
Supramolecular G4 Eutectogels of Guanosine with Solvent‐Induced Chiral Inversion and Excellent Electrochromic Activity
Authors: Gu Chaonan , Peng Yu , Li Jingjing , Wang Hai , Xie Xiao‐Qiao , Cao Xiaoyu , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSupramolecular eutectogels, an emerging class of materials that have just developed very recently, offer a new opportunity for generating functional supramolecular gel materials in biocompatible anhydrous or low‐water media. As the first example of supramolecular G4 eutectogels, complexes of natural guanosine and H3BO3 exhibited excellent gelation capacity in choline chloride/alcohol deep eutectic solvents. The as‐prepared supramolecular eutectogels displayed unexpected solvent‐induced chiral inversion and significantly high ionic conductivity (up to 7.78 mS cm−1), as well as outstanding thixotropic/injectable properties, high thermal stability and excellent electrochromic activity. These features make these versatile supramolecular G4 eutectogels promising candidates for developing next‐generation flexible electronics with low environmental impact.
A new synthesis approach for proton exchange membranes based on ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene
Authors: Ponomarev Ardalion N. , Kritskaya Dina A. , Abdrashitov Emil F. , Bokun Veslav C. , Sanginov Evgeny A. , Novikova Ksenia S. , Dremova Nadezhda N. , Dobrovolsky Yury A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new approach for gas‐phase modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) film for synthesis of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) has been successfully realized. First, the membrane precursors have been prepared by soaking the films in a monomers/AIBN solution followed by their modification with polystyrene (PS) in styrene vapor at 110°C. The developed method is characterized by high efficiency, simplicity, and ecological purity. The modified UHMWPE films containing up to 60 wt% of PS have been obtained. Then, PEMs were prepared by sulfonation of these precursors. According to energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of the sulfonated samples, almost uniform distribution of PS through the film thickness was observed. The membranes with an ion exchange capacity up to 2.7 mmol/g and proton conductivity up to 60 mS/cm (water, 25°C) were obtained. Comparative tests of the obtained UHMWPE‐sulfonated PS and commercial Nafion‐115 membranes in a hydrogen–air fuel cell have been carried out. It has been shown that the cell with the synthesized membranes exhibits better performance than that with Nafion‐115.
Novel 2‐cyanoacrylamido‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives as potent anticancer agents
Authors: Sroor Farid M. , Aboelenin Mohamad M. , Mahrous Karima F. , Mahmoud Khaled , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEthyl 2‐acrylamido‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐carboxylate as well as its corresponding bis‐derivatives, 5–10, with aliphatic linkers were synthesized, fully characterized, and tested as novel anticancer agents. The targeted compounds, 5–10, were obtained by the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of bis‐o‐ or ‐p‐aldehyde with a molar ratio of ethyl 2‐(2‐cyanoacetamido)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐carboxylate of 2 in the presence of piperidine in excellent yields (93–98%). The in vitro anticancer activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated against HepG2, MCF‐7, HCT‐116, and BJ1 cells. Compounds 7 and 9 emerged as the most promising compounds, with IC50 values of 13.5 and 32.2 µg/ml, respectively, against HepG2 cells, compared with the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50: 21.6 µg/ml). Real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the changes in expression levels of the COL10A1 and COL11A1, ESR1, and ERBB2, or AXIN1 and CDKN2A genes within the treated cells, as genetic markers for colon, breast, or liver cancers, respectively. Treatment of the colon cancer cells with compounds 5, 9, and 10, or breast and liver cancers cells with compounds 7, 8, 9, and 10 downregulated the expression of the investigated tumor markers. The DNA damage values (depending on comet and DNA fragmentation assays) increased significantly upon treatment of colon cancer cells with compounds 5, 9, and 10, and breast and liver cells with compounds 8, 9, and 10. The structure–activity relationship suggested that the increase of the chain of the alkyl linker increases the anticancer activity and the compounds with bis‐cyanoacrylamide moieties are more active than those with one cyanoacrylamide moiety.
Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine amines: Synthesis and evaluation of tacrine analogs against biological activities related to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Safavi Maliheh , Allahabadi Emad , Rastegari Arezoo , Hariri Roshanak , Jafari Sanaz , Bukhari Syed N. A. , Mirfazli Seyedeh S. , Firuzi Omidreza , Edraki Najmeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn search of safer tacrine analogs, various thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine amine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (ChEs). Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 5e and 5d showed the highest activity towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 1.55 and 0.23 µM, respectively. The most active ChE inhibitors (5e and 5d) were also candidates for further complementary assays, such as kinetic and molecular docking studies as well as studies on inhibitory activity towards amyloid‐beta (βA) aggregation and β‐secretase 1, neuroprotectivity, and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. Our results indicated efficient anti‐Alzheimer's activity of the synthesized compounds.