bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Google Android: mag men een gegeven paard toch in de bek kijken?
Authors: Pliego Selie A.A.J. , Verheijen B.A. 
Published: August 2020

Google Android: mag men een gegeven paard toch in de bek kijken?
In het Google Android-besluit heeft de Europese Commissie aan Google een recordboete opgelegd wegens misbruik van een economische machtspositie in de zin van artikel 102 VWEU. In het besluit staat Android, het besturingssysteem van Google voor smartphones en tablets, centraal. Google biedt dit aan via een open source-model. Het besluit stelt een machtspositie van Google vast op verschillende digitale markten: (1) de markt voor licenseerbare besturingssystemen voor slimme mobiele apparaten, (2) de markt voor Android appstores en (3) de markt voor algemene zoekdiensten op het internet (Google Search). Volgens de Commissie heeft Google met verschillende gedragingen, waaronder exclusiviteitsbetalingen en koppelverkoop, haar positie op laatstgenoemde markt, waarop zij inkomsten genereert via online advertenties, willen beschermen. De Commissie kwalificeert deze gedragingen als misbruik in de zin van artikel 102 VWEU. De auteurs analyseren het besluit en de inzet van het mededingingsrechtelijke instrument misbruik van een economische machtspositie in deze complexe digitale omgeving. Daarbij gaan zij in het bijzonder ook in op het bijzondere verdienmodel van Google ten aanzien van Android, waarbij innovatieve technologie kosteloos ter beschikking wordt gesteld in ruil voor restricties die erop zijn gericht de Googlediensten die advertentie-inkomsten genereren een zo groot mogelijk bereik te garanderen.Besluit van de Europese Commissie van 18 juli 2018 met betrekking tot een procedure onder artikel 102 VWEU en artikel 54 van de EER-overeenkomst (zaak AT.40099 – Google Android)
De zaak TenderNed: de reikwijdte van overheidsgezag en het staatssteunrechtelijke economische-activiteitenbegrip
Authors: van Midden G.J. 
Published: August 2020

De zaak TenderNed: de reikwijdte van overheidsgezag en het staatssteunrechtelijke economische-activiteitenbegrip
In dit artikel wordt het arrest TenderNed besproken, waarin het Hof van Justitie oordeelde dat het aanbieden van applicaties ter ondersteuning van aanbestedende diensten bij de uitvoering van hun aanbestedingsactiviteiten niet onder de staatssteunregels valt. Met het aanbieden van TenderNed wordt namelijk uitvoering gegeven aan overheidsgezag en daarom is geen sprake van een economische activiteit waarop de staatssteunregels van toepassing zijn. In dit artikel onderzoekt de auteur de in deze arresten gegeven interpretatie van het begrip ‘overheidsgezag’.HvJ 7 november 2019, zaak C-687/17 P, ECLI:EU:C:2019:932 (Aanbestedingskalender BV e.a./Europese Commissie)
Rendement en inflatie
Authors: Bosch E.W. 
Published: August 2020

Rendement en inflatie. Rb. Den Haag 13 mei 2020, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:4169 (Allianz/X)
Op 13 mei 2020 formuleerde de rechtbank Den Haag in een vonnis in een letselzaak niet alleen de uitgangspunten voor de diverse schadeposten, maar ook de uitgangspunten voor de aan te houden kapitalisatiefactoren. Het aan te houden rendement stelde de rechtbank voor de eerste vijf jaar op 0%, de volgende vijftien jaar op1,3% en de periode daarna op 2%. De inflatie de eerste vijf jaar op 1,5% en de perioden daarna op 2%. Deze annotatie bespreekt dit vonnis in het licht van drie eerder gewezen vonnissen en de discussie over de kapitalisatiefactoren in de literatuur.
Vozes ininteligíveis e silêncios orais: epistemologias do Sul em Rap global
Authors: Medeiros Jefferson Ubiratan de Araújo 
Published: August 2020

Rap global (OESTE [SANTOS] 2010) é um livro de poemas publicado por Boaventura de Sousa Santos sob o pseudônimo de Queni N. S. L. Oeste. O meu intento nesse artigo é compreender, por meio da leitura e fruição desse objeto literário, como se dá o seu processo de instanciação e encenação enunciativa. Defendo que tal processo, na obra em foco, engendra a produção de geografias discursivas. A partir do exame de alguns trechos do rapoema de Santos pretendo evidenciar a relação de tais geografias com os conceitos cunhados pelo sociólogo, a saber, a “tradução intercultural” e a “ecologia de saberes”, ambos integrados às “epistemologias do sul”, do sociólogo português.
Palavras-chave: Rap global. Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Encenação enunciativa. Geografias discursivas. Epistemologias do Sul.
Interseções: o darwinismo social em Rubens Figueiredo e o humanitismo machadiano
Authors: Paiva Rejane Fernández Loureiro de 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo trata da interlocução que o romance Passageiro do fim do dia (2010), de Rubens Figueiredo, estabelece com o Humanitismo, a filosofia cínica proposta por Quincas Borba, notória personagem de Machado de Assis. Apesar da distância de, aproximadamente 150 anos, que separa os dois autores, entendemos que o darwinismo social, sobre o qual se detém Rubens Figueiredo, e o humanitismo machadiano, conformam-se como estratégias textuais similares. Ambos os autores interpelam correntes filosóficas positivistas, em voga na época do “bruxo do Cosme Velho” e ainda vigentes, mormente no que se aplica ao postulado de Charles Darwin aplicado ao mundo social, nos anos atuais. Assim, ambos tematizam as relações de força, em que prevalecem o ganho, o prestígio pessoal e a soberania do interesse. Enquanto Machado de Assis se centra nos jogos de salão da Corte, Rubens Figueiredo privilegia a arraia miúda, a classe trabalhadora e as interdições que lhes são impostas. Encontramos, tanto na narrativa de Rubens Figueiredo, quanto na obra de Machado de Assis, uma busca por uma “teoria de tudo”, “uma doutrina que, segundo diziam, abria mil caminhos, explicava muita coisa e de uma vez por todas”, no universo ficcional do primeiro, e, na linguagem de Machado de Assis, “a mais abrangente das filosofias, a ponto de vir a ser mesmo uma nova religião”, o “remate das coisas”. Todos esses elementos conformar-se-iam como a busca impossível por uma resposta radical, totalizante, que aliviasse os males humanos, encenados em suas narrativas.
Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission
Authors: Eom Jun Sik , Lee Shin Ja , Lee Yejun , Kim Hyun Sang , Choi You Young , Kim Hyeong Suk , Kim Do Hyung , Lee Sung Sill 
Published: August 2020

Background
Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Allium fistulosum L. (A. fistulosum) extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, and on methane emission.

Methods
Rumen fluid was taken from two cannulated rumen Hanwoo cow (with mean initial body weight 450 ± 30 kg, standard deviation = 30). Rumen fluid and McDougall’s buffer (1:2; 15 mL) were dispensed anaerobically into 50 mL serum bottles containing 300 mg (DM basis) of timothy substrate and A. fistulosum extracts (based on timothy substrate; 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9%). This experiment followed a completely randomized design performed in triplicate, using 126 individual serum bottles (six treatments × seven incubation times × three replicates).

Results
Dry matter degradability was not significantly affected (p-value > 0.05) by any A. fistulosum treatment other than 1% extract at 24 h incubation. Methane emission linearly decreased A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 and 24 h incubation (p-value < 0.0001; p-value = 0.0003, respectively). Acetate concentration linearly decreased (p-value = 0.003) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 h incubation. Methanogenic archaea abundance tendency decreased (p-value = 0.055) in the 1%, 7%, and 9% A. fistulosum extract groups compared to that in the 0% group, and quadratically decreased (p-value < 0.0001) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 24 h incubation.

Conclusion
A. fistulosum extract had no apparent effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics or dry matter degradability. However, it reduced methane emission and methanogenic archaea abundance.
IbpB‐bound substrate release in living cells as revealed by unnatural amino acid‐mediated photo‐crosslinking
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Ezemaduka Anastasia N. 
Published: August 2020

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are known to bind non‐native substrates and prevent irreversible aggregation in an ATP‐independent manner. However, the dynamic interaction between sHSPs and their substrates in vivo is less studied. Here, by utilizing a genetically incorporated crosslinker, we characterized the interaction between sHSP IbpB and its endogenous substrates in living cells. Through photo‐crosslinking analysis of five Bpa variants of IbpB, we found that the substrate binding of IbpB in living cells is reversible upon short‐time exposure at 50 °C. Our data provide in vivo evidence that IbpB engages in dynamic substrate release under nonstress conditions and suggest that photo‐crosslinking may be a suitable method for investigating dynamic interaction between molecular chaperones and their substrates in living cells.
Freestanding Photoresist Film: A Versatile Template for Three‐Dimensional Micro‐ and Nanofabrication
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Du Ke , Wathuthanthri Ishan , Xu Wei , Choi Chang‐Hwan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrathin freestanding films with well‐defined micro/nanostructures and robust mechanical properties are applied in many engineering applications including microelectronics, optics, filtration and separation, biomedical engineering, and nanotechnology. Although considerable efforts have been made toward the fabrication of freestanding thin films, it is still a significant challenge to develop a simple and reliable process for producing freestanding films with ultrathin thickness, well‐regulated micro/nanopatterns, robust mechanical properties, macroscopic coverage area, and multi‐layered composite structures. Here, a significant advancement is reported in this regard. This study shows a new sacrificial‐layer‐free (SLF) lifting‐off process, integrated with conventional micro‐ and nanolithography, enabling the release of micro‐ and nanopatterned photoresist (PR) films from the supporting substrate with unprecedented pattern coverage and structure characteristics. The freestanding PR film is resilient, can withstand significant bending and deformation, and is sufficiently flexible to be transferred onto substrates with 3D topography as a conformal soft stencil for further technological processing and applications. Moreover, the SLF lifting‐off process provides a simple approach to prepare single‐layered and multi‐layered freestanding composite films. The results suggest that the novel SLF lifting‐off process can significantly extend the capability of 3D micro‐/nanofabrication.
Synergistically Improved Molecular Doping and Carrier Mobility by Copolymerization of Donor–Acceptor and Donor–Donor Building Blocks for Thermoelectric Application
Authors: Li Hui , Song Jian , Xiao Jie , Wu LiLi , Katz Howard E. , Chen Lidong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, it is demonstrated that random copolymerization is a simple but effective strategy to obtain new conductive copolymers as high‐performance thermoelectric materials. By using a polymerizing acceptor unit diketopyrropyrrole with donor units thienothiophene and oligo ethylene glycol substituted bithiophene (g32T), it is found that strong interchain donor–acceptor interactions ensure good film crystallinity for charge transport, while donor–donor type building blocks contribute to effective charge transfers. Hall effect measurements show that the high electrical conductivity results from increased free carriers with simultaneously improved mobility reaching over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. The synergistic effect of improved molecular doping and carrier mobility, as well as a high Seebeck coefficient ascribed to the structural disorder along polymer chains via random copolymerization, results in an impressive power factor up to 110 µW K−2 m−1 which is 10 times higher than that of solution‐processed polythiophenes.
Ambient Manipulation of Perovskites by Alternating Electric Field toward Tunable Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Cheng Zhendong , Ding Dong , Song Jingnan , Liu Feng , Wang Tun , Hu Cheng , Ba Lixiang , Wang Jiayuan , Liu Hong , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of hybrid metal halide perovskites, controlling and understanding their growth processes have become an important but challenging task. In this paper, alternating electric field as an effective modulation method that acts on the intermediate state in perovskite formation under ambient conditions is introduced. The morphology and microstructure of the as‐formed perovskites can be effectively controlled by tuning simple physical parameters such as the frequency and amplitude, which have shown strong impact on the motion of ionic species and thus influences the formation of materials. Furthermore, the optic and electronic properties of the perovskite (such as the band position) can also be easily tuned by the field parameters. Finally, a conversion efficiency of 19.08% can be achieved in MAPbI3 device without any doping or additional treatment, with impressive ambient and thermal stability without encapsulation. This result has not only illustrated a new physical approach for material fabrication, but also facilitates deeper understanding of the formation mechanism and generally shed light to the development of more devices and materials.
Bioinspired Molecular Bridging in a Hybrid Perovskite Leads to Enhanced Stability and Tunable Properties
Authors: Lang Arad , Polishchuk Iryna , Seknazi Eva , Feldmann Jochen , Katsman Alexander , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHybrid perovskites demonstrate high potential in optoelectronic applications. Their main drawback is their low stability under humid conditions. In this paper, one of nature's strategies is implemented—the incorporation of amino acids into the crystal lattice—in order to improve the stability of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) in water, and to tune its structure, as well as its optical and thermal properties. The amino acid lysine, which possesses two NH3+ groups, is incorporated into the hybrid unit cell, by substituting two methylammonium ions and serves as a “molecular bridge”. This incorporation induces a decrease in the lattice parameter of the host, accompanied with an increase in its bandgap and noticeable changes in its morphology. Furthermore, a substantial decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient of MAPbBr3 and a shift of its cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transformation temperature are observed. Two different modes of incorporation are identified, which depend on the conditions of crystallization. These modes dictate the level of lysine incorporation and the magnitude of MAPbBr3 bandgap changes. Notably, lysine incorporation strongly increases the perovskite stability in water. This study demonstrates a unique and promising approach to tune the properties and improve the stability of hybrid perovskites via this novel bioinspired route.
Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Interface Stability: Correlation between Infrared Spectroscopy and Electronic Passivation Properties
Authors: Holovský Jakub , Martín De Nicolás Silvia , De Wolf Stefaan , Ballif Christophe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrathin layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H), passivating the surface of crystalline silicon (c‐Si), are key enablers for high‐efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells. In this work, the authors apply highly sensitive attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, combined with carrier‐lifetime measurements and carrier‐lifetime imaging, to resolve several fundamental and technology‐related questions related to the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface. To gain insight, the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interfacial morphology is intentionally manipulated by applying different surface, annealing and ageing treatments. Changes are observed in the vibrational modes of hydrides (SiHX), oxides (SiHX(SiYOZ)) together with hydroxyl and hydrocarbon surface groups. The effect of unintentional oxidation and contamination is considered as well. Electronic interfacial properties are reviewed and discussed of hydrogen mono‐layer passivation of the c‐Si surface and from the perspectives of a‐Si:H bulk properties. It is found that both models have severe limitations and suggest that a new physical model of the interface, considering both is required.
Exploring the Association of Community Integration in Mental Health among Formerly Homeless Individuals Living in Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: La Motte‐Kerr Wichada , Rhoades Harmony , Henwood Benjamin , Rice Eric , Wenzel Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSupportive housing has been widely used among persons experiencing chronic homelessness and/or mental health conditions. While it has been demonstrated to be effective in addressing homelessness among populations with complex needs, community integration remains a challenge. Community integration is the extent to which individuals live, participate, and socialize in their community and consists of three aspects: physical, social, and psychological. The study utilized data from the Transitions to Housing project that followed formerly homeless individuals (N = 383) throughout their first year of residence in permanent supportive housing (PSH). The study set out to examine which aspects of community integration are associated with mental health symptoms in this population. Five nested multivariate linear regression models were conducted and then compared. The model that accounted for demographics, substance use, neighborhood quality, and all three aspects of community integration simultaneously was the best fit and explained the most variance in mental health symptoms (24%). The complete model suggested higher levels of psychological integration were significantly associated with decreased mental health symptoms in this sample. This finding suggests fostering a sense of belonging among PSH residents could improve mental health outcomes. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
A generalized adaptive stiffness control scheme for robot manipulators with bounded inputs
Authors: Maldonado‐Fregoso Berenice , Mendoza‐Gutierrez Marco , Bonilla‐Gutierrez Isela , Vidrios‐Serrano Carlos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn general, indirect force control schemes (stiffness, impedance, etc.) assume that robot actuators can provide any torque value to achieve the goal of interaction control. This study attempts to regulate robot–environment interaction by generating bounded control signals and to avoid accurate knowledge of the parameters associated with gravitational effects and the stiffness of the environment. To achieve this aim, a generalized and saturating adaptive stiffness control scheme in task‐space is proposed. For the purpose of this work, the interaction or contact between the end‐effector of a robot manipulator and the environment is modeled as a vector of bounded spring‐like forces. The proposed control approach has a proportional‐derivative structure with static model‐based compensation of gravitational and interaction forces, which it achieves by including a regressor‐based adaptive term. As a theoretical basis to support the proposal, Lyapunov's stability analysis of the closed‐loop equilibrium vector is presented. Finally, the suitability of the proposed stiffness control scheme for interaction tasks is verified through simulations and experimental tests by using three‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic arms.
Stabilization of an Euler‐Bernoulli beam with boundary input delay
Authors: Liu Xiaopei , Xu Genqi , Chen Hao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new kind of feedback controller for an Euler‐Bernoulli beam with boundary delayed control. Different from the approach of the Smith predictor and dynamic feedback control, the new feedback controller is of the integral form in spatial variable, that is called the integral‐type full state feedback controller. Our goal of the present paper is to show that one can select appropriate kernel functions such that the closed‐loop system is exponentially stable. Here we mainly give an approach of selecting kernel functions. To prove the stability of the closed‐loop system, we construct a bounded and revertible linear transformation that establishes the equivalence between a stable target system and the controlled system.
Further evaluation of treatment integrity for response interruption and redirection
Authors: Gauthier Kimberly A. , Ahearn William H. , Colón Candice L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA few studies on response blocking as well as response interruption and redirection (RIRD) as a treatment for automatically maintained problem behavior have examined different levels of treatment integrity. Results from these studies have shown continued suppression of responding under low levels of integrity for some participants after they were exposed to blocking at full integrity. The current study compared the treatment effects of RIRD at two levels of integrity (100 and 33%). The 33% condition was not preceded by exposure to full integrity. Four children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 8 and 16 participated. The effects of treatment integrity on vocal stereotypy were assessed using an ABAB‐variant design in which B consisted of an alternating‐treatments comparison of different levels of integrity. Results varied across participants, and although both conditions decreased stereotypy, 100% integrity produced lower levels of stereotypy quicker than 33%. The current study expands upon current literature by suggesting that lower levels of integrity (33%) may still suppress vocal stereotypy.
Influence of Aryl Substituents on the Alignment of Ligands in the Dirhodium Tetrakis(1,2,2‐Triarylcyclopropane‐ carboxylate) Catalysts
Authors: Ren Zhi , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComputational studies revealed that dirhodium tetrakis(1,2,2‐triarylcyclopropanecarboxylate) (Rh2(TPCP)4) catalysts adopt distinctive high symmetry orientations, which are dependent on the nature of the aryl substitution pattern. The parent catalyst, Rh2(TPCP)4, and those with a p‐substituent at the C1 aryl, such as Rh2(p‐BrTPCP)4 and Rh2(p‐PhTPCP)4, adopt a C2‐symmetric structure. Rh2(3,5‐di(p‐tBuC6H4)TPCP)4, 3,5‐disubstituted at the C1 aryl, adopts a D2‐symmetric structure, whereas catalysts with an o‐substituent at the C1 aryl, such as Rh2(o‐Cl‐5‐BrTPCP)4, adopt a C4‐symmetric structure.
Versatile Spectroelectrochemical Cell for In Situ Experiments: Development, Applications, and Electrochemical Behavior**
Authors: Bott‐Neto José L. , Rodrigues Marta V. F. , Silva Mariana C. , Carneiro‐Neto Evaldo B. , Wosiak Gabriel , Mauricio Junior C. , Pereira Ernesto C. , Figueroa Santiago J. A. , Fernández Pablo S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract(Photo)electrochemical processes are involved in many fields of science and technology. The use of spectroscopic techniques coupled to (photo)electrochemistry, are mandatory to get information about interfacial processes on scale ranges from millimeters to the nanoscale. The development of spectroelectrochemical cells (SECs) contributes to the progress of the field of (photo)electrochemistry and their impact in science and technology. Therefore, in this work, we describe in detail the development of a versatile SEC that can be used for conventional electrochemical experiments and several in situ techniques just by changing its window. We performed electrochemical and computational experiments to analyze the response of our SEC as a function of the working electrode size, position, and distance to the window. Besides, we show in detail how the cell can be used to perform experiments of in situ FTIR, Raman, XAFS and ultrafast spectroscopy.