bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the retinoids in schizophrenia: genomic and clinical perspectives
Authors: Reay William R. , Cairns Murray J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignalling by retinoid compounds is vital for embryonic development, with particular importance for neurogenesis in the human brain. Retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, exert influence over the expression of thousands of transcripts genome wide, and thus, act as master regulators of many important biological processes. A significant body of evidence in the literature now supports dysregulation of the retinoid system as being involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia. This includes mechanistic insights from large-scale genomic, transcriptomic and, proteomic studies, which implicate disruption of disparate aspects of retinoid biology such as transport, metabolism, and signalling. As a result, retinoids may present a valuable clinical opportunity in schizophrenia via novel pharmacotherapies and dietary intervention. Further work, however, is required to expand on the largely observational data collected thus far and confirm causality. This review will highlight the fundamentals of retinoid biology and examine the evidence for retinoid dysregulation in schizophrenia.
Discovery of dual-activity small-molecule ligands of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxA and LpxD using SPR and X-ray crystallography
Authors: Kroeck Kyle G. , Sacco Michael D. , Smith Emmanuel W. , Zhang Xiujun , Shoun Daniel , Akhtar Afroza , Darch Sophie E. , Cohen Frederick , Andrews Logan D. , Knox John E. , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe lipid A biosynthesis pathway is essential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LpxA and LpxD are the first and third enzymes in this pathway respectively, and are regarded as promising antibiotic targets. The unique structural similarities between these two enzymes make them suitable targets for dual-binding inhibitors, a characteristic that would decrease the likelihood of mutational resistance and increase cell-based activity. We report the discovery of multiple small molecule ligands that bind to P. aeruginosa LpxA and LpxD, including dual-binding ligands. Binding poses were determined for select compounds by X-ray crystallography. The new structures reveal a previously uncharacterized magnesium ion residing at the core of the LpxD trimer. In addition, ligand binding in the LpxD active site resulted in conformational changes in the distal C-terminal helix-bundle, which forms extensive contacts with acyl carrier protein (ACP) during catalysis. These ligand-dependent conformational changes suggest a potential allosteric influence of reaction intermediates on ACP binding, and vice versa. Taken together, the novel small molecule ligands and their crystal structures provide new chemical scaffolds for ligand discovery targeting lipid A biosynthesis, while revealing structural features of interest for future investigation of LpxD function.
Long-term performance of seagrass restoration projects in Florida, USA
Authors: Rezek Ryan J. , Furman Bradley T. , Jung Robin P. , Hall Margaret O. , Bell Susan S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeagrass restoration is a common tool for ecosystem service enhancement and compensatory mitigation for habitat loss. However, little is known about the long-term performance of these projects. We identified seagrass restoration projects by reviewing historic permitting documents, monitoring reports, and studies conducted in Florida, USA, most of which have not been cited previously in peer-reviewed literature. We then revisited 33 seagrass restorations ranging in age from 3 to 32 years to compare seagrass percent cover, species diversity, and community structure in restored and contemporary reference seagrass beds. We found that 88% of restoration projects continued to support seagrass and, overall, restored percent cover values were 37% lower than references. Community composition and seagrass percent cover differed from references in projects categorized as sediment modification and transplant restorations, whereas all vessel damage repair projects achieved reference condition. Seagrass diversity was similar between restored and reference beds, except for sediment modification projects, for which diversity was significantly lower than in reference beds. Results indicate that restored seagrass beds in Florida, once established, often exhibit long-term persistence. Our study highlights the benefit of identifying and surveying historic restorations to address knowledge gaps related to the performance and long-term fate of restored seagrass beds.
Aβ modulates actin cytoskeleton via SHIP2-mediated phosphoinositide metabolism
Authors: Lee Hae Nim , Sim Kyoung Mi , Kim Hyunbin , Ju Jeongmin , Pae Ae Nim , Park Jae-Bong , Ryu Hoon , Seong Jihye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmerging evidences suggest that phospholipid metabolism is altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but molecular mechanisms on how this affects neurodegeneration in AD is poorly understood. SHIP2 is a phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzyme, which dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3 resulting to PI(3,4)P2, and it has been recently shown that Aβ directly increases the activity of SHIP2. Here we monitored, utilizing fluorescent SHIP2 biosensor, real-time increase of PI(3,4)P2-containing vesicles in HT22 cells treated with Aβ. Interestingly, PI(3,4)P2 is accumulated at late endosomes and lysosomal vesicles. We further discovered that ARAP3 can be attracted to PI(3,4)P2-positive mature endosomes via its PH domain and this facilitates the degradation of ARAP3. The reduced level of ARAP3 then causes RhoA hyperactivation and filamentous actin, which are critical for neurodegeneration in AD. These results provide a novel molecular link between Aβ and actin disruption through dysregulated phosphoinositide metabolism, and the SHIP2-PI(3,4)P2-ARAP3-RhoA signaling pathway can be considered as new therapeutic targets for synaptic dysfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease.
Actomyosin contractility scales with myoblast elongation and enhances differentiation through YAP nuclear export
Authors: Bruyère Céline , Versaevel Marie , Mohammed Danahe , Alaimo Laura , Luciano Marine , Vercruysse Eléonore , Gabriele Sylvain 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle fibers are formed by the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into long linear myotubes, which differentiate and reorganize into multinucleated myofibers that assemble in bundles to form skeletal muscles. This fundamental process requires the elongation of myoblasts into a bipolar shape, although a complete understanding of the mechanisms governing skeletal muscle fusion is lacking. To address this question, we consider cell aspect ratio, actomyosin contractility and the Hippo pathway member YAP as potential regulators of the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. Using fibronectin micropatterns of different geometries and traction force microscopy, we investigated how myoblast elongation affects actomyosin contractility. Our findings indicate that cell elongation enhances actomyosin contractility in myoblasts, which regulate their actin network to their spreading area. Interestingly, we found that the contractility of cell pairs increased after their fusion and raise on elongated morphologies. Furthermore, our findings indicate that myoblast elongation modulates nuclear orientation and triggers cytoplasmic localization of YAP, increasing evidence that YAP is a key regulator of mechanotransduction in myoblasts. Taken together, our findings support a mechanical model where actomyosin contractility scales with myoblast elongation and enhances the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes through YAP nuclear export.
Common neural value representations of hedonic and utilitarian products in the ventral striatum: An fMRI study
Authors: Motoki Kosuke , Sugiura Motoaki , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHedonic goods are goods that people buy to obtain emotional experiences, such as joy or excitement, while utilitarian goods are bought to meet functional or instrumental needs. Although research in neuroscience suggests that the values of hedonic and utilitarian goods are similarly represented, it remains largely unknown how these values are mapped during purchasing decisions or task-irrelevant judgments. It has been suggested that people rely more on hedonic (vs. utilitarian) factors when making task-irrelevant judgments, and that this is amplified by trait-reward seeking. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can directly measure the mental processes involved in explicit or task-irrelevant value judgments. Using fMRI, we found that the explicit value of hedonic and utilitarian goods was commonly processed in the ventral striatum. In contrast, no significant results were obtained in common neural processing of task-irrelevant hedonic and utilitarian value. Additionally, we did not find any evidence that trait-reward seeking modulates task-irrelevant hedonic (vs. utilitarian) value processing. Our findings show that the value of both hedonic and utilitarian goods is commonly represented in the ventral striatum, and indicate that the value construct underlying consumer purchases is unidimensional.
Research on low input current ripple two‐stage converter for low frequency pulsed‐power applications
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhang Donglai , Fang Mingzhu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Qi Pengyu 
Published: October 2019

In this study, a two‐stage cascaded pulsed power converter based on the proposed optimised control scheme has been presented. In order to eliminate the low‐frequency input current ripple, the front‐stage converter only needs to provide average power and the second‐stage converter provides pulsed power. Meanwhile, the isolation of energy transfer mode combines with the proposed optimised control method based on the input current AC signal feedback control guarantee smooth input power with low repeat frequency pulsed load. To demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed low‐frequency input current ripple cancellation technique, a 1 kW peak pulsed power prototype is built and tested. The experimental results verify the validity and reliability of the two‐stage isolated pulsed power converter with proposed optimised control method, and the proposed methods and concepts in this study can also be applied to all kinds of pulsed power applications.
Comparison of Clinical Symptoms of Assumed vs. Actual Uterine Fibroids – Symptoms Described by Patients and Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Knudsen Nina Isabelle , Wernecke Klaus-D. , Kentenich Heribert , David Matthias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose How many women assume that they have fibroids but are found not to have fibroids on ultrasound examination? How severe are the physical symptoms reported by these women compared to the symptoms reported by women with actual uterine fibroids? Are the symptoms more severe if the patient believes that she has at least one relatively large (dominant) fibroid or more than 3 fibroids?
Material and Methods A total of 1548 patients completed an anonymous questionnaire in which they were asked about the number of their fibroids, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms, dyspareunia and bleeding disorders (using a numerical analog scale between 0 – 10). The questionnaire was administered in a hospital-based fibroid clinic. The information provided by the patients was then compared with transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound findings. The symptoms reported by women with and without fibroid(s) were compared.
Results 1045 out of 1548 patients fulfilled the studyʼs inclusion criteria. Contrary to the information they provided, no fibroid(s) were detected in 6% (62 of 1045 patients) of patients on ultrasound examination. Of these women, 87% had dysmenorrhea, 79% had premenstrual pain and 57% reported dyspareunia. The severity of the symptoms was found not to be associated with the assumed size or number of fibroid(s). There was no significant difference in the pain reported by women without and by women with fibroids. Reporting a feeling of strong pressure on the bladder (OR: 1.18) or abdomen (OR: 1.12) or constipation (OR: 1.16) increased the likelihood of detecting a fibroid on ultrasound investigation.
Conclusions The presence of manifest symptoms (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, premenstrual pain, bleeding disorders) does not allow conclusions to be made about the number or size of fibroids or about which therapy is indicated. Even an erroneous assumption about the presence of fibroids may result in patients experiencing symptoms.
Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie an deutschen HNO-Kliniken – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Hildenbrand Tanja , Knopf Andreas , Ketterer Manuel Christoph 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten wesentlich weiterentwickelt, hin zur endonasalen endoskopischen Chirurgie zur Therapie von benignen und malignen Erkrankungen der Nasennebenhöhlen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Erfassung des aktuellen Standes der Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie in HNO-Kliniken in Deutschland.
Material und Methode Ein Fragebogen mit Fragen zu OP-Zahlen, OP-Technik, technischer Ausstattung, interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit, Nachsorge, Nutzung von CT-Checklisten, Ausbildung und Bewertung der Lebensqualität wurde an alle Ordinarien und Chefärzte von HNO-Kliniken in Deutschland versandt.
Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug 79,5 %. 89,1 % der Kliniken geben an, 200–400 oder mehr als 400 Eingriffe bei benignen Erkrankungen der Nasennebenhöhlen durchzuführen. Die Zahl der durchgeführten Eingriffe bei malignen Erkrankungen ist deutlich geringer. Nur ein Teil der Kliniken, die Patienten in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard vorstellen, führen auch interdisziplinäre Tumoroperationen durch. Die meisten Kliniken geben an, sowohl ein Endoskopie- als auch ein Navigationssystem für die Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie zu besitzen. Die Ausbildung von Assistenzärzten in der Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie beginnt meist zwischen dem 2. und 4. Jahr und in fast allen Kliniken werden Dissektionskurse während der Ausbildung besucht. Mehr als die Hälfte der Kliniken nutzt eine CT-Checkliste zur präoperativen Analyse von CT-Bildern. Die Lebensqualität vor und nach Operationen an den Nasennebenhöhlen wird nur in wenigen Kliniken bestimmt.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Untersuchung zeigt ein repräsentatives Bild des aktuellen Standes der Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie in der stationären Versorgung in Deutschland.
The Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Buprenorphine Dose in Pregnancy
Authors: McDowell Misty L. , Tonismae Tiffany R. , Slaven James E. , Abernathy Mary P. , Shanks Anthony L. , Benjamin Tara D. , Quinney Sara K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Buprenorphine (BUP) is commonly used for opioid maintenance therapy in pregnancy. Our goal was to determine whether liver dysfunction related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection impacts BUP dosing requirements in pregnancy.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with antenatal exposure to BUP to compare dosing between individuals positive versus negative for HCV infection. Spearman correlation tests were used to assess the relationship between BUP dose and HCV status.
Results HCV infection was present in 103 (39%) of the patients. Patients with HCV infection required lower dose increases of BUP throughout pregnancy (p = 0.02). HCV viral load was positively correlated with the liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (r = 0.30, p = 0.003) and alanine transaminase (r = 0.25, p = 0.01). There was a negative correlation between HCV viral load and BUP dose during the second trimester (r = −0.27, p = 0.01) and third trimester (r = −0.20, p = 0.04).
Conclusion Women with HCV infection required less of an increase in BUP dose throughout pregnancy compared with women without HCV infection. Severity of HCV infection, as measured by viral load and liver enzymes, was also associated with BUP dosing.
Towards efficient density functional theory calculations without self-interaction: The Fermi-Löwdin orbital self-interaction correction
Authors: Jackson K. A. , Peralta J. E. , Joshi R. P. , Withanage K. P. , Trepte K. , Sharkas K. , Johnson A. I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Fermi-Löwdin orbital (FLO) approach to the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (PZ-SIC) to density functional theory (DFT) is described and an improved approach to the problem of optimizing the Fermi-orbitals in order to minimize the DFT-SIC total energy is introduced. To illustrate the use of the FLO-SIC method, results are given for several applications involving problems where self-interaction errors are pronounced.
Near-term Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Many-body Systems
Authors: Ritter Mark B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There has been a good deal of work on algorithms to simulate quantum many-body systems with fault-tolerant quantum computers- those with full error correction. Fault-tolerant quantum computers of scale requisite to achieve computational advantage for these problems are likely over a decade away. Moreover, devices that we can build in the near term, called Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computers (NISQ), have too much noise to implement the long circuits required by these algorithms. We review heuristic, short-depth quantum algorithms more suited to NISQ computers; specifically, their scaling properties when applied to electronic and nuclear structure calculations, including Hamiltonian complexity with particle number, ansatz state preparation, convergence, and noise. We will present examples of actual quantum structure calculations with NISQ computers, as well as a newly-developed error mitigation technique that significantly improves accuracy. We end with an outlook for “advantage” – when NISQ systems might excel conventional HPC approaches for comparable problems.
Ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model from restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: McBrian Kristopher , Carleo Giuseppe , Khatami Ehsan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Motivated by recent advances in the representation of ground state wavefunctions of quantum many-body systems using restricted Boltzmann machines as variational ansatz, we utilize an open-source platform for constructing such ansatz called NetKet to explore the extent of applicability of restricted Boltzmann machines to bosonic lattice models. Within NetKet, we design and train these machines for the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model through a Monte Carlo sampling of the Fock space. We vary parameters such as the strength of the onsite repulsion, the chemical potential, the system size and the maximum site occupancy and use converged equations of state to identify phase boundaries between the Mott insulating and superfluid phases. We compare the average density and the energy to results from exact diagonalization and map out the ground state phase diagram, which agrees qualitatively with previous finding obtained through conventional means.
A First Look at Lattice Effects in Coarse-Grained Protein Models via Wang-Landau Simulations
Authors: Farris Alfred C.K. , Seaton Daniel T. , Landau David P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study the effects of lattice constraints on coarse-grained protein models, we apply Wang-Landau sampling to the continuum analogue of the hydrophobic-polar (HP) lattice protein model. The continuum version is inspired by the AB polymer model but incorporates potentials chosen specifically to mimic those of the lattice case. Because of their relative simplicity, both the lattice and continuum models offer significant computational advantage over all-atom simulations, but the impact of the additional lattice constraint on generic folding behavior is unknown. In this preliminary study, we compare and contrast thermodynamics during the folding process of the continuum model to the original HP lattice protein model for sequences mapped from Crambin, a 46 amino acid plant protein. We find that the folding process for both of these coarse-grained models is quite similar, with major structural transitions occurring at almost exactly the same temperatures.
Propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary waves in dusty plasma with Boltzmann electrons
Authors: Das S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this multispecies plasma model, consisting of negative mobile dusts, non-thermal ions and Boltzmann electrons, dust-ion acoustic solitary waves are studied through reductive perturbative technique by deriving corresponding Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The number of dust charge contained in a dust particle (Zd) and the streaming speeds of mobile dusts (ud0) and ions (ui0) are observed to play very important role to form dust-ion acoustic compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons. Remarkably, some initial streaming of dust (ud0) are found to be instrumental for both compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons in a short range of Zd separating both kinds by some asymptotic lines. Also, the presence of low dust charges and lower ion streaming, compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons of either concave or convex characters are shown to reflect. For the higher streaming of mobile dusts, the amplitudes of the rarefactive KdV solitons characteristically changes from higher to lower showing convex character for this plasma model. A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made to show how the number of dust charge contained in a dust particle (Zd) drastically change the amplitudes of the compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons.
Deformation of quark stars under strong internal magnetic fields
Authors: Rizaldy R. , Sulaksono A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pulsar detector has observed the existence of a strong magnetic field on compact stars. So much we can learn from this observation, one of them is the deformation of a compact star under strong magnetic fields. In this note, we study the deformation of quark stars due to a magnetic field. Note that quark stars and neutron stars have a fundamental difference in their equation of states such as the composition and crusts. Here, we used two equation of states of quark matter, i.e., CIDDM model with the scalar and with vector Coulomb terms included [1]. In both equation of states, we vary the magnetic field value in the center of the star to see how the internal magnetic field affects the shape of the quark star.
The effective dark energy in brane universe
Authors: Bansawang B J , Gazali Yunus M N , Sutiono Azwar , Surungan Tasrief 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the dynamical system of braneworld cosmology with the effective cosmological constant as the effective dark energy on brane universe. Firstly we introduce several scenarios of braneworld model then derive the effective EFE on the brane which reduced at low energy limit. Next, we discuss the FRW cosmological model in braneworld scenario considered in static and non-closed system. In the dynamical study of cosmology, we assume the equation of state of dark energy varies with time and can be parameterized as a function of scale factor of the universe. Using the dynamical system approach, we describe the evolution of brane universe with non-vanishing NCC/BCC term. In this study, we investigate the effects of the presence of NCC/BCC perturbations in brane universe. Finally, we discuss the NCC/BCC perturbations in the late-time cosmic acceleration when the dark energy contribution is ΩΛ ≃ 0.72.