bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Rheology at Shallow Depths with Reference to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes
Authors: Sleep Norman H. , Nakata Nori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Strong S waves produce dynamic stresses, which bring the shallow subsurface into nonlinear inelastic failure. We examine implications of nonlinear viscous flow, which may be appropriate for shallow muddy soil, and contrast them with those of Coulomb friction within a shallow reverberating uppermost layer with low‐seismic velocities. Waves refract into essentially vertical paths at the shallow layers and produce tractions on horizontal planes. The Coulomb ratio of shear traction to lithostatic stress for S waves equals the resolved horizontal acceleration normalized to the acceleration of gravity. The ratio of dynamic vertical normal traction to lithostatic stresses is the vertical normalized acceleration from P waves. The predicted viscous inelastic strain rate in muddy soil begins at low normalized accelerations and then increases mildly and nonlinearly with increasing normalized acceleration. Failure is unaffected when P waves decrease the vertical normal traction. Seismic waves recorded at KiK‐net station KMMH16 for the 2016 Kumamoto mainshock and strong foreshock show these effects. Inelastic deformation commences at a normalized horizontal acceleration of ∼0.25 and reduces S‐ and P‐wave velocities within the uppermost ∼15  m reverberating layer. Normalized horizontal accelerations and the Coulomb stress ratio reach ∼1.25. Strong S waves arrived even when strong P waves produced vertical tension on horizontal planes. In contrast, inelastic Coulomb failure commences at a normalized horizontal acceleration equal to the effective coefficient of friction; rapid inelastic strain precludes even higher accelerations. Furthermore, horizontal planes should fail from the stresses of strong S waves during the tensional cycle of strong P waves.
Effects of Earthquake Source, Path, and Site Conditions on Damping Modification Factor for the Response Spectrum of the Horizontal Component from Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Zhao John X. , Yang Qingsong , Su Kaiwei , Liang Jiguan , Zhou Jun , Zhang Heng , Yang Xinge 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Damping modification factors (DMFs) are important for estimating the response spectrum for the design of structures with different damping ratios. This study investigated the effects of earthquake source parameters (magnitude, source depth, and source categories), source distance (the closest distance from a site to a fault plane for large earthquakes and hypocentral distance for the other events), and site conditions on DMFs for the displacement and acceleration response spectra of the horizontal components of the records from Japan. This study used a total of 14,713 strong‐motion records from the KiK‐net and K‐NET to compare the DMFs from three earthquake category groups, namely shallow crustal and upper mantle, subduction interface, and subduction slab earthquakes. Statistical tests were carried out to determine whether the DMFs from these three types of earthquakes differ significantly from each other. The test results show that, between each pair of the three types of earthquakes, the DMFs for both displacement and acceleration response spectra differ significantly in terms of statistical tests and practically for engineering applications at many spectral periods, with the largest difference over 40%. The effects of earthquake category and site conditions for acceleration spectrum are similar to those of the displacement spectrum at short periods up to about 0.3 s but are much larger than those of the displacement spectrum at long spectral periods. The effects of magnitude and earthquake depth are also significant. Therefore, separate DMF models for the response spectrum of the horizontal component should be derived for each type of earthquake and should account for the effects of earthquake source and path parameters and site conditions.
On the Integrated Surface Uplift for Dip‐Slip Faults
Authors: Segall Paul , Heimisson Elías Rafn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations often provide maps of vertical displacement that can be integrated to estimate an uplift volume. Relating this measure to source processes requires a model of the deformation. Bignami et al. (2019) argue that the negative uplift volume associated with the 2016 Amatrice–Norcia, central Italy, earthquake sequence requires a coseismic volume collapse of the hanging wall. Using results for dip‐slip dislocations in an elastic half‐space we show that Vuplift=(P/4)(1−2ν)sin(2δ), in which P is the seismic potency, ν is the Poisson’s ratio, and δ is the fault dip, consistent with an earlier result of Ward (1986). For reasonable estimates of net potency for the 2016 Amatrice–Norcia sequence, this simple formula yields uplift volume estimates close to that observed. We conclude that the data are completely consistent with elastic dislocation theory and do not require a volume collapse at depth.
Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Manda Yetiştiriciliğinin Durumu ve Geleceği
Authors: YILMAZ Ayhan , KARA Muhammet Ali 
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada, dünyada ve Türkiye’de manda yetiştiriciliğinin çeşitli göstergeler bakımından değerlendirilmesi ve geleceğine ilişkin bazı öngörülerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Son yıllarda organik hayvansal üretime yönelik eğilimler hâlihazırda geleneksel üretim yapılarını koruyan hayvancılık kollarını yeniden önemli kılmaktadır. Manda yetiştiriciliğinin de, hayvancılıktaki yeni eğilimler dikkate alındığında, oldukça önemli bir hayvancılık kolu olup bu yöndeki taleplerin karşılanmasına katkı sunması beklenmektedir. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de manda yetiştiriciliğinin çoğunlukla geleneksel üretim sistemlerinin devam ettirildiği Asya kıtasında varlık göstermesi dönüştürülme ihtiyacını gerektirmektedir. Nitekim bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde manda yetiştiriciliğinde daha modern yaklaşımların benimsenmeye başlandığı gözlenmekte ve bu yetiştirme kolunun endüstriyel boyutlarının güçlendirilmeye çalışıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise manda yetiştiriciliği, son yıllara kadar başta manda varlığında görülen dramatik düşüşler olmak üzere yetiştirme özellikleri, sağlık koruma, manda ürünlerinin üretilmesi ve pazarlanması noktasındaki eksikliklerle temayüz etmektedir. Sonuç olarak hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde manda yetiştiriciliği temelde geleneksel bir üretim sistemiyle karakterize olmakla birlikte bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde bu yetiştirme kolundaki iyileştirmeler ve gelişmelerin önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Başta manda ıslahı çalışmaları olmak üzere besleme, sürü yönetimi, sağlık koruma ve manda ürünlerine dönük bir bilincin oluşturulması, etkili örgütlenme kanallarına yer verilmesi ve bazı hayvansal ürünler bakımından alternatif bir hayvansal üretim kolu olarak bakılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
High Mycoplasma pneumoniae Loads and Persistent Long-term Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in Lower Airway Associated with Severity of Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Liu Jinrong , Zhao Fei , Lu Jie , Xu Hui , Liu Hui , Tang Xiaolei , Yang Haiming , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhao Shunying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: An increased number of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia (MPP) cases have been reported. However the duration of MP infection in lower airway and the course of anti-MP treatment remains unclear.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 94 MPP children. Patients were classified into two groups. The long-term group (Group LT) was defined as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) remained MP-positive by PCR after 30 days of the disease course. The non-long-term group (Group NLT) was defined as BALF became MP-negative by PCR within 30 days of disease and patients who only needed one bronchoscopy lavage therapy. MP loads, clinical outcomes were analyzed along with other clinical measurements.
Results: The average levels of inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase in Group LT were significantly higher than those in Group NLT. Airway and lung damage in Group LT were more severe than Group NLT. 28 patients developed necrotizing pneumonia and 8 patients developed pulmonary embolism in Group LT. Mean maximum MP loads in BALF were 10 7.46±0.93 and 10 4.86±0.93 in Groups LT and NLT, respectively. There was persistent MP DNA in Group LT, even lasted for 120 days. One severe MPP patient in Group LT had MP-associated bloodstream infection. After 3 months of follow-up, chest imaging revealed incomplete absorption of pulmonary consolidation in 33 patients of Group LT [including 13 airway obliterans (AO) patients] and in 7 patients of Group NLT (including 2 AO patients).
Conclusion: MP loads of BALF were associated with the subsequent duration of MP DNA in lower airway. High MP loads and persistent long-term MP DNA in lower airway were associated with severity of pediatric MPP.
Retinal abnormalities in Universal Eye Screening of healthy, full-term newborn infant in Jakarta. The incidence and its risk factors: A Pilot study.
Authors: Sitorus Rita S , Pambudy Indra Maharddhika , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Barliana Julie Dewi , Yulia Dian Estu , Widyahening Indah Suci 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To document ocular abnormalities in healthy full-term newborn infants using wide-field digital imaging and to analyze factors associated with the findings.

Methods: A total of 1208 full-term newborn infants at a tertiary eye hospital (Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital) and a district hospital in Jakarta (Koja Hospital) were enrolled to the study. All eligible newborns underwent fundus examination within 48 hours after birth using the RetCam shuttle (Natus Medical Incorporated, USA). Retinal hemorrhages findings were documented and analyzed according to obstetric and neonatal risk factors.

Results: Of the 1208 newborn infants enrolled, ocular abnormalities were found in 150 infants (12.4%). Retinal hemorrhage (RH) was the most common findings (88%) in which 2.67% involved the macula, followed with chorioretinitis (4.67%). Univariate analysis showed caesarean section (C-section) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18-0.41, p<0.001) as the protective factor towards RH, while prolonged labor increased the risk of developing RH (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24-2.72, p=0.002). Further multivariate analysis showed similar protective association between C-section and risk of RH (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19-0.44, p<0.001), while other risk factors were not.

Conclusions: Our study supports previous reports that universal eye screening is an essential procedure which may detect several important ocular abnormalities. Retinal hemorrhage is the most common ocular abnormality and is associated with the methods of delivery and duration of labor. As the ocular abnormalities may go unnoticed during standard practice, a universal eye screening program could be considered as an essential part of newborn screening especially amongst those with prolonged labors.
Association of work-related and leisure-time physical activity with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and health of hospital employees
Authors: Feig Emily , Levy Douglas E. , McCurley Jessica L. , Rimm Eric B. , Anderson Emma M. , Gelsomin Emily D. , Thorndike Anne N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background. While leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, less is known about the relationship between work-related PA and health. Work-related PA is often not a chosen behavior and may be associated with lower socioeconomic status and less control over job-related activities. This study examined whether high work-related PA and leisure-time PA reported by hospital employees were associated with healthier dietary intake and reductions in cardiometabolic risk. Methods. This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from 602 hospital employees who used workplace cafeterias and enrolled in a health promotion study between 2016-2018. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls used to calculate Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. A Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated based on healthfulness of workplace food/beverage purchases. Weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipids were measured. Regression analyses examined Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/prediabetes by quartile of work-related PA, leisure-time PA, and sedentary time. Results. The mean age of participants was 43.6 years (SD = 12.2), 79.4% were female, and 81.1% were white. In total, 30.3% had obesity, 20.6% had hypertension, 26.6% had prediabetes/diabetes, and 32.1% had hyperlipidemia. Median leisure-time PA was 12.0 (IQR: 3.3, 28.0) and median work-related PA was 14.0 (IQR: 0.0, 51.1) MET-hours/week. Higher leisure-time PA was associated with higher workplace Healthy Purchasing Score and HEI (p’s < 0.01) and lower prevalence of obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, and hyperlipidemia (p’s < 0.05). Work-related PA was not associated with Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, or cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased sedentary time was associated with lower HEI (p = 0.02) but was not associated with the workplace Healthy Purchasing Score. Conclusions. Employees with high work-related PA did not have associated reductions in cardiometabolic risk or have healthier dietary intake as did employees reporting high leisure-time PA. Workplace wellness programs should promote leisure-time PA and healthy food choices for all employees, but programs may need to be customized and made more accessible to meet the unique needs of employees who are physically active at work.
Modelling Local Patterns of Child Mortality Risk. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.
Authors: Lome-Hurtado Alejandro , Mendoza Jacques Lartigue , Trujillo Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : At the international scale the number of child deaths is still high; however, this figure is susceptible to be reduced implementing proper spatially-targeted health public policies. Due to its alarming rate in comparison to North American standards, child mortality is a particular health concern in Mexico. Despite this fact, there remains a dearth of studies that address the spatial-temporal identification of child mortality in Mexico. The aims of this study are i) to model the evolution of child mortality risk at the municipality level in Greater Mexico City, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time, and (iii) using municipality trends, to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities.
Methods : In order to control for space-time patterns of data, the study performs a Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis. This methodology allows to model the geographical variation of child mortality risk across municipalities within the studied time span.
Results : The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north and west areas of Greater Mexico City, although there coexist some in the east; some of them presenting an increasing child mortality risk trend. The outcomes highlight some municipalities currently presenting a medium risk, but that, given their trend, are likely to become high risk after the studied period. Finally, the likelihood of child mortality risk illustrates an overall decreasing tendency throughout the 7-year studied period.
Conclusions : The identification of high-risk municipalities and risk trends may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking to reduce the incidence of child mortality. The results provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.
Impact of the donor-recipient gender matching graft survival from live donors donor-recipient gender matching on the graft survival from live donors
Authors: Naderi Gholamhossein , Azadfar Amin , Yahyazadeh Seyed Reza , Khatami Fatemeh , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Several factors like age of recipient, BMI, serum cratinine, and positive history of dialysis are important in predicting graft survival in kidney transplant recipients. One factor that can affect transplant outcomes and is usually ignored is the gender of donor and recipients.
Methods: A total of 1113 kidney transplant recipients were studied in a retrospective cohort study. Several factors were taken into account for graft survival and outcomes like gender and age of donor and recipients in addition to common recipient factors like cratinine, eGFR, BMI, and positive history of dialysis.
Results: The most successful transplant based on donor-recipient gender was seen in male donor to male recipient and then male donor to female recipient. In female transplant recipients, level of serum cratinine, and eGFR, positive dialysis history before transplant, and low donor hemoglobin level can be good prognostic factors recommended to be considered for kidney transplant survival.
Conclusions: Our results suggested that gender matching for kidney transplant. Only on some exceptional occasions, male donor to female recipient kidney transplant may be successful and female donors to male recipients are not suggested, especially in aged patients with history of dialysis.
Substantial and sustained reduction in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia in Oshikhandass, Pakistan: evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies 15 years apart
Authors: Author) Chelsea L Hansen(Former Corresponding , McCormick Benjamin JJ , Azam Syed Iqbal , Ahmed Khalil , Baker Julia M , Hussain Ejaz , Jahan Assis , Jamison Alexandra F , Knobler Stacey L , Samji Nahida , Shah Wasiat H , Spiro David J , Thomas Elizabeth D , Viboud Cecile , Author) Zeba A Rasmussen(New Corresponding 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Oshikhandass is a rural village in northern Pakistan where a verbal autopsy study from 1989-1991 showed that diarrhea and pneumonia were the top causes of under-5 mortality. Intensive surveillance, active community health education and child health interventions were delivered in 1989-1996; here we assess improvements in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia over this period and 15 years later.
Two prospective open-cohort studies in Oshikhandass from 1989-1996 (Study 1) and 2011-2014 (Study 2) enrolled all children under age 60 months. Study staff trained using WHO guidelines conducted weekly household surveillance and promoted knowledge on causes and management of diarrhea and pneumonia. Information about household characteristics and socioeconomic status was collected. Hurdle models were constructed to examine putative risk factors for diarrhea and pneumonia.
Against a backdrop of considerable change in the socioeconomic status of the community, under-5 mortality, which declined over the course of Study 1 (from 114.3 to 79.5 deaths/1000 live births [LB] between 1989 and 1996), exceeded Sustainable Development Goal 3 by Study 2 (19.8 deaths/ 1000 LB). Reductions in diarrhea prevalence (20.3 to 2.2 days/ Child Year [CY]), incidence (2.1 to 0.5 episodes/ CY), and number of bloody diarrhea episodes (18.6% to 5.2%) seen during Study 1, were sustained in Study 2. Pneumonia incidence was 0.5 episodes /CY in Study 1 and 0.2/CY in Study 2; only 5% of episodes were categorized as severe or very severe in both studies. While no individual factors predicted a statistically significant difference in diarrhea or pneumonia episodes, the combined effect of water, toilet and house construction was associated with a significant decrease in diarrhea; higher household income was the most protective factor for pneumonia in Study 1.
We report a 4-fold decrease in overall childhood mortality, and a 2-fold decrease in childhood morbidity from diarrhea and pneumonia in a remote rural village in Pakistan between 1989-2014. We conclude that significant, sustainable improvements in child health may be achieved through improved socioeconomic status and promoting interactions between locally engaged health workers and the community, but that continued efforts are needed to improve health worker training, supervision, and the rational use of medications.
Diverse biological processes coordinate the transcriptional response to nutritional changes in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparent population
Authors: Ng'oma Enoch , Williams-Simon Patricka A. , Rahman Aniqa , King Elizabeth G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Environmental variation in the amount of resources available to populations challenge individuals to optimize the allocation of those resources to key fitness functions. This coordination of resource allocation relative to resource availability is commonly attributed to key nutrient sensing gene pathways in laboratory model organisms, chiefly the insulin/TOR signaling pathway. However, the genetic basis of diet-induced variation in gene expression is less clear. Results: To describe the natural genetic variation underlying nutrient-dependent differences, we used an outbred panel derived from a multiparental population, the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource. We analyzed RNA sequence data from multiple female tissue samples dissected from flies reared in three nutritional conditions: high sugar (HS), dietary restriction (DR), and control (C) diets. A large proportion of genes in the experiment (19.6% or 2,471 genes) were significantly differentially expressed for the effect of diet, 7.8% (978 genes) for the effect of the interaction between diet and tissue type (LRT, Padj. < 0.05). Interestingly, we observed similar patterns of gene expression relative to the C diet, in the DR and HS treated flies, a response likely reflecting diet component ratios. Hierarchical clustering identified 21 robust gene modules showing intra-modularly similar patterns of expression across diets, all of which were highly significant for diet or diet-tissue interaction effects (false discovery rate, FDR Padj. < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis for different diet-tissue combinations revealed a diverse set of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms (two-sample t-test, FDR < 0.05). GO analysis on individual co-expressed modules likewise showed a large number of terms encompassing a large number of cellular and nuclear processes (Fisher exact test, Padj. < 0.01). Although a handful of genes in the IIS/TOR pathway including Ilp5, Rheb, and Sirt2 showed significant elevation in expression, known key genes such as InR, chico, insulin peptide genes, and the nutrient-sensing pathways were not observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a more diverse network of pathways and gene networks mediate the diet response in our population. These results have important implications for future studies focusing on diet responses in natural populations.