bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untapping the Health Enhancing Potential of Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity (VILPA): Rationale, Scoping Review, and a 4-Pillar Research Framework
Authors: Stamatakis Emmanuel , Huang Bo-Huei , Maher Carol , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie , Stathi Afroditi , Dempsey Paddy C. , Johnson Nathan , Holtermann Andreas , Chau Josephine Y. , Sherrington Catherine , Daley Amanda J. , Hamer Mark , Murphy Marie H. , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently revised public health guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular intermittent bouts of vigorous intensity incidental physical activity done as part of daily living, such as carrying shopping bags, walking uphill, and stair climbing. Despite this recognition and the advantages such lifestyle physical activity has over continuous vigorous intensity structured exercise, a scoping review we conducted revealed that current research in this area is, at best, rudimentary. Key gaps include the absence of an empirically-derived dose specification (e.g., minimum duration of lifestyle physical activity required to achieve absolute or relative vigorous intensity), lack of acceptable measurement standards, limited understanding of acute and chronic (adaptive) effects of intermittent vigorous bouts on health, and paucity of essential information necessary to develop feasible and scalable interventions (e.g., acceptability of this kind of physical activity by the public). To encourage collaboration and research agenda alignment among groups interested in this field, we propose a research framework to further understanding of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). This framework comprises four pillars aimed at the development of: (a) an empirical definition of VILPA, (b) methods to reliably and accurately measure VILPA, (c) approaches to examine the short and long-term dose–response effects of VILPA, and (d) scalable and acceptable behavioural VILPA-promoting interventions.

Graphic Abstract
Fuzzy data envelopment analysis in the presence of undesirable outputs with ideal points
Authors: Ebrahimnejad Ali , Amani Naser 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a prominent technique for evaluating relative efficiency of a set of entities called decision making units (DMUs) with homogeneous structures. In order to implement a comprehensive assessment, undesirable factors should be included in the efficiency analysis. The present study endeavors to propose a novel approach for solving DEA model in the presence of undesirable outputs in which all input/output data are represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. To this end, two virtual fuzzy DMUs called fuzzy ideal DMU (FIDMU) and fuzzy anti-ideal DMU (FADMU) are introduced into proposed fuzzy DEA framework. Then, a lexicographic approach is used to find the best and the worst fuzzy efficiencies of FIDMU and FADMU, respectively. Moreover, the resulting fuzzy efficiencies are used to measure the best and worst fuzzy relative efficiencies of DMUs to construct a fuzzy relative closeness index. To address the overall assessment, a new approach is proposed for ranking fuzzy relative closeness indexes based on which the DMUs are ranked. The developed framework greatly reduces the complexity of computation compared with commonly used existing methods in the literature. To validate the proposed methodology and proposed ranking method, a numerical example is illustrated and compared the results with an existing approach.
Gold Nanozymes: From Concept to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lou-Franco Javier , Das Bhaskar , Elliott Christopher , Cao Cuong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, gold nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent enzyme-mimicking activities which resemble those of peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase or reductase. This, merged with their ease of synthesis, tunability, biocompatibility and low cost, makes them excellent candidates when compared with biological enzymes for applications in biomedicine or biochemical analyses. Herein, over 200 research papers have been systematically reviewed to present the recent progress on the fundamentals of gold nanozymes and their potential applications. The review reveals that the morphology and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles play an important role in their catalytic properties, as well as external parameters such as pH or temperature. Yet, real applications often require specific biorecognition elements to be immobilized onto the nanozymes, leading to unexpected positive or negative effects on their activity. Thus, rational design of efficient nanozymes remains a challenge of paramount importance. Different implementation paths have already been explored, including the application of peroxidase-like nanozymes for the development of clinical diagnostics or the regulation of oxidative stress within cells via their catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The review also indicates that it is essential to understand how external parameters may boost or inhibit each of these activities, as more than one of them could coexist. Likewise, further toxicity studies are required to ensure the applicability of gold nanozymes in vivo. Current challenges and future prospects of gold nanozymes are discussed in this review, whose significance can be anticipated in a diverse range of fields beyond biomedicine, such as food safety, environmental analyses or the chemical industry.
Remotely Activated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Racca Luisa , Cauda Valentina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer has nowadays become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional anticancer approaches are associated with different limitations. Therefore, innovative methodologies are being investigated, and several researchers propose the use of remotely activated nanoparticles to trigger cancer cell death. The idea is to conjugate two different components, i.e., an external physical input and nanoparticles. Both are given in a harmless dose that once combined together act synergistically to therapeutically treat the cell or tissue of interest, thus also limiting the negative outcomes for the surrounding tissues. Tuning both the properties of the nanomaterial and the involved triggering stimulus, it is possible furthermore to achieve not only a therapeutic effect, but also a powerful platform for imaging at the same time, obtaining a nano-theranostic application. In the present review, we highlight the role of nanoparticles as therapeutic or theranostic tools, thus excluding the cases where a molecular drug is activated. We thus present many examples where the highly cytotoxic power only derives from the active interaction between different physical inputs and nanoparticles. We perform a special focus on mechanical waves responding nanoparticles, in which remotely activated nanoparticles directly become therapeutic agents without the need of the administration of chemotherapeutics or sonosensitizing drugs.
MOF-Derived CoSe2@N-Doped Carbon Matrix Confined in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres as High-Performance Anodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Su Hyun , Park Seung-Keun , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel vacuum-assisted strategy is proposed to homogenously form Metal–organic frameworks within hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (HMCSs) via a solid-state reaction. The method is applied to synthesize an ultrafine CoSe2 nanocrystal@N-doped carbon matrix confined within HMCSs (denoted as CoSe2@NC/HMCS) for use as advanced anodes in high-performance potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). The approach involves a solvent-free thermal treatment to form a Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) within the HMCS templates under vacuum conditions and the subsequent selenization. Thermal treatment under vacuum facilitates the infiltration of the cobalt precursor and organic linker into the HMCS and simultaneously transforms them into stable ZIF-67 particles without any solvents. During the subsequent selenization process, the “dual confinement system”, composed of both the N-doped carbon matrix derived from the organic linker and the small-sized pores of HMCS, can effectively suppress the overgrowth of CoSe2 nanocrystals. Thus, the resulting uniquely structured composite exhibits a stable cycling performance (442 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 120 cycles) and excellent rate capability (263 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) as the anode material for KIBs.
Putting the Biophysical (Back) in Economics: A Taxonomic Review of Modeling the Earth-Bound Economy
Authors: Sherwood John , Carbajales-Dale Michael , Haney Becky Roselius 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEconomists rarely model the economy as explicitly bound by earth’s ecological systems. Modeling the dynamic interactions of both human and non-human systems is admittedly a challenging task, as it requires expertise from multiple disciplines. Within the last 10 years, a wide variety of research papers have been published that include some biophysical aspects in a model of the economy. These papers all have one thing in common: the model of the economy includes physical and/or energetic exchanges, as well as monetary exchange. This theme is what defines the emerging sub-discipline of biophysical economics, BPE. BPE models of the economy originate from a variety of disciplines, and thus BPE research articles are published across a wide spectrum of academic journals. As inter-disciplinary researchers ourselves, we want to understand what BPE modeling approaches have been used so far. In this paper, we examine and classify over one hundred published articles that use biophysical models of the economy. Although BPE modeling approaches are quite varied, grouping the research by common characteristics reveals several active research areas. We highlight recent papers that are helpful examples of the most popular BPE modeling strategies. Gaps also exist. Several modeling approaches have not been used in published works yet. We identify which of those gaps could be promising avenues for future research. We conclude by suggesting which BPE modeling approach might be particularly appropriate for a variety of research questions.
Description of membrane systems with time Petri nets: promoters/inhibitors, membrane dissolution, and priorities
Authors: Battyányi Péter , Vaszil György 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe continue the investigations of the connection between membrane systems and time Petri nets by extending the examined class of systems from simple symbol-object membrane systems to more complex cases: rules with promoters/inhibitors, membrane dissolution, and priority relation on the rules. By constructing the simulating time Petri net, we retain one of the main characteristics of the Petri net model; namely, the firings of the transitions can take place in any order, and there is no need to introduce maximal parallelism in the Petri net semantics. Instead, we substantially exploit the gain in computational strength obtained by the introduction of the timing feature for Petri nets.
Comparison of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses Between Kettlebell Half Marathon and Treadmill Running at the Same Average Oxygen Consumption: A Case Study
Authors: Greco Davide , Calanni Luca , Cerullo Giuseppe , Negro Massimo , D’Antona Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purposes
In kettlebell sport (KS) half marathon, the lift of the kettlebell is required for the highest number of repetitions in 30 min. No data are available on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during this exercise routine. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to KS half marathon compared to 30 min treadmill running, chosen as a reference paradigm of aerobic exercise, at the same average oxygen consumption (VO2).

Methods
A male elite KS athlete was enrolled in two trials separated by 7 days of rest. In the first trial, one-hand long-cycle KS exercise with a 1/3 body weight kettlebell was performed for 30 min (kettlebell half marathon, KT); in the second trial, 30 min treadmill running (TR) was performed at the same average VO2 measured in the first trial (speed 9–10 km/h at 1° uphill inclination). Metabolic and cardiopulmonary assessments [respiratory exchange ratio (RER), tidal volume (TV), breathing frequency (f), minute ventilation (VE)], blood lactate (BL) kinetics, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were measured in both experimental sessions.

Results
The average VO2 was 33.3 mL/min/kg in KT and 30.6 mL/min/kg in TR. The subject achieved RERpeak 1.17, RERmean 0.98, HRpeak 172 bpm (94% HRmax), HRmean 86% of HRmax, BPpeak 220/100 mmHg in KT, BLpeak 7.2 mmol/L (during trial) in KT and RERpeak 1.13, RERmean 0.89, HRpeak 142 bpm (78% HRmax), HRmean 70% of HRmax, BPpeak 160/80 mmHg, BLpeak 3.5 mmol/L (4 min after trial) mmol/L in TR.

Conclusion
Data indicate that a KS half marathon determines much higher cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to treadmill running performed at similar VO2.
Origin of Myofibroblasts in Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Hung CF 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this brief review, we will highlight important observational and experimental data in the literature that address the origin of scar-forming cells in lung fibrosis.

Recent Findings
Several cellular sources of activated scar-forming cells (myofibroblasts) have been postulated including alveolar epithelial cells; circulating fibrocytes; and lung stromal cell subpopulations including resident fibroblasts, pericytes, and resident mesenchymal stem cells. Recent advances in lineage-tracing models, however, fail to provide experimental evidence for epithelial and fibrocyte origins of lung myofibroblasts. Resident mesenchymal cells of the lung, which include various cell types including resident fibroblasts, pericytes, and resident mesenchymal stem cells, appear to be important sources of myofibroblasts in murine models of lung injury and fibrosis.

Summary
Lung myofibroblasts likely originate from multiple sources of lung-resident mesenchymal cells. Their relative contributions may vary depending on the type of injury. Although lineage-tracing experiments have failed to show significant contribution from epithelial cells or fibrocytes, they may play important functional roles in myofibroblast activation through paracrine signaling.
The Making of Empire in Bronze Age Anatolia
Authors: Glatz Claudia 
Published: October 2020

In this book, Claudia Glatz reconsiders the concept of empire and the processes of imperial making and undoing of the Hittite network in Late Bronze Age Anatolia. Using an array of archaeological, iconographic, and textual sources, she offers a fresh account of one of the earliest, well-attested imperialist polities of the ancient Near East. Glatz critically examines the complexity and ever – transforming nature of imperial relationships, and the practices through which Hittite elites and administrators aimed to bind disparate communities and achieve a measure of sovereignty in particular places and landscapes. She also tracks the ambiguities inherent in these practices -- what they did or did not achieve, how they were resisted, and how they were subtly negotiated in different regional and cultural contexts.
Modeling intent and destination prediction within a Bayesian framework: Predictive touch as a usecase
Authors: Gan Runze , Liang Jiaming , Ahmad Bashar I. , Godsill Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn various scenarios, the motion of a tracked object, for example, a pointing apparatus, pedestrian, animal, vehicle, and others, is driven by achieving a premeditated goal such as reaching a destination. This is albeit the various possible trajectories to this endpoint. This paper presents a generic Bayesian framework that utilizes stochastic models that can capture the influence of intent (viz., destination) on the object behavior. It leads to simple algorithms to infer, as early as possible, the intended endpoint from noisy sensory observations, with relatively low computational and training data requirements. This framework is introduced in the context of the novel predictive touch technology for intelligent user interfaces and touchless interactions. It can determine, early in the interaction task or pointing gesture, the interface item the user intends to select on the display (e.g., touchscreen) and accordingly simplify as well as expedite the selection task. This is shown to significantly improve the usability of displays in vehicles, especially under the influence of perturbations due to road and driving conditions, and enable intuitive contact-free interactions. Data collected in instrumented vehicles are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed intent prediction approach.
AROUND RUBIN’S “THEORIES OF LINEAR ORDER”
Authors: TANOVIĆ PREDRAG , MOCONJA SLAVKO , ILIĆ DEJAN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet $\mathcal M=(M,<,\ldots)$ be a linearly ordered first-order structure and T its complete theory. We investigate conditions for T that could guarantee that $\mathcal M$ is not much more complex than some colored orders (linear orders with added unary predicates). Motivated by Rubin’s work [5], we label three conditions expressing properties of types of T and/or automorphisms of models of T. We prove several results which indicate the “geometric” simplicity of definable sets in models of theories satisfying these conditions. For example, we prove that the strongest condition characterizes, up to definitional equivalence (inter-definability), theories of colored orders expanded by equivalence relations with convex classes.
Identification of a new P450s gene (AccCYP4AV1) and its roles in abiotic stress resistance in the Apis cerana cerana Fabricius
Authors: Zhang Weixing , Wang Hongfang , Liu Zhenguo , Wang Ying , Xu Baohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play significant roles in protecting organisms from abiotic stress damage. Here, we report the sequence and characterization of a P450s gene (AccCYP4AV1), isolated from Apis cerana cerana Fabricius. The open reading frame of AccCYP4AV1 is 1506 base pairs long and encodes a predicted protein of 501 amino acids and 57.84 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 8.67. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that AccCYP4AV1 is more highly expressed in the midgut than in other tissues. In addition, the highest expression occurs in newly emerged adult workers, followed by the first instar of the larval stage. In addition, the expression of the AccCYP4AV1 was upregulated by low temperature (4 °C), ultraviolet radiation, hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, and dichlorvos treatments. In contrast, AccCYP4AV1 transcription was downregulated by other abiotic stress conditions: exposure to increased temperature (44 °C), deltamethrin, cadmium chloride, and mercury (II) chloride. Moreover, when AccCYP4AV1 was knocked-down by RNA interference, the results suggested that multiple antioxidant genes (AccsHSP22.6, AccSOD2, AccTpx1, and AccTpx4) were downregulated and antioxidant genes AccGSTO1 and AccTrx1 were upregulated. The activity levels of peroxidase and catalase were upregulated in the AccCYP4AV1-knocked-down samples, compared with those in the control groups. These findings suggest that the AccCYP4AV1 protein might be involved in the defense against abiotic stress damage.
Bimodal magmatism produced by delamination: geochemical evidence from late Palaeozoic volcanic rocks from the Yili Block, Western Tianshan, Northwestern China
Authors: Chen Genwen , Liu Rui , Deng Teng , Wang Lixing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Western Tianshan orogenic belt is essential for understanding the evolution of the Central Asian orogenic belt. However, no agreement exists among geologists about its tectonic environment during the Late Palaeozoic. The volcanic rocks of the Yishijilike and Wulang Formation in the Yili Block, Western Tianshan, formed in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, mainly consist of a bimodal suite of basalts – basaltic andesites and rhyolites, with only some intermediate rocks. Mafic rocks are slightly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf, suggesting a subduction-modiﬁed depleted mantle source. Some mafic samples in the Early Permian bimodal volcanic rocks have high Ti contents with relatively high concentrations of Nb and high field strength elements (HFSE) and low contents of heavy rare earth elements (HREE). These rocks are similar to the continental flood basalts, which suggests that they formed from an asthenospheric mantle. This paper indicates that mafic members were created by the partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle material and subduction-modiﬁed lithospheric mantle mixture. Some rhyolites and dacites in the Wulang formation were enriched in Ga, Nb, Zr, Ce and Y and depleted in Sr and Eu. Additionally, they showed fractionation of rare earth elements (REE) with negative Eu anomalies, which is indicative of an A-type affinity of felsic rocks. The genesis of mafic members and an A-type affinity of felsic members indicate that the Late Carboniferous – Early Permian magmatism in the Western Tianshan area formed as a result of an extensional setting. This study also reveals bimodal magmatism produced by delamination in an extensional tectonic setting.
NAE-resolution: A new resolution refutation technique to prove not-all-equal unsatisfiability
Authors: Kleine Büning Hans , Wojciechowski P. , Subramani K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze Boolean formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF) from the perspective of read-once resolution (ROR) refutation schemes. A read-once (resolution) refutation is one in which each clause is used at most once. Derived clauses can be used as many times as they are deduced. However, clauses in the original formula can only be used as part of one derivation. It is well known that ROR is not complete; that is, there exist unsatisfiable formulas for which no ROR exists. Likewise, the problem of checking if a 3CNF formula has a read-once refutation is NP-complete. This paper is concerned with a variant of satisfiability called not-all-equal satisfiability (NAE-satisfiability). A CNF formula is NAE-satisfiable if it has a satisfying assignment in which at least one literal in each clause is set to false. It is well known that the problem of checking NAE-satisfiability is NP-complete. Clearly, the class of CNF formulas which are NAE-satisfiable is a proper subset of satisfiable CNF formulas. It follows that traditional resolution cannot always find a proof of NAE-unsatisfiability. Thus, traditional resolution is not a sound procedure for checking NAE-satisfiability. In this paper, we introduce a variant of resolution called NAE-resolution which is a sound and complete procedure for checking NAE-satisfiability in CNF formulas. The focus of this paper is on a variant of NAE-resolution called read-once NAE-resolution in which each clause (input or derived) can be part of at most one NAE-resolution step. Our principal result is that read-once NAE-resolution is a sound and complete procedure for 2CNF formulas. Furthermore, we provide an algorithm to determine the smallest such NAE-resolution in polynomial time. This is in stark contrast to the corresponding problem concerning 2CNF formulas and ROR refutations. We also show that the problem of checking whether a 3CNF formula has a read-once NAE-resolution is NP-complete.