bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Successive Inversional Vβ Rearrangements on a Single Tcrb Allele Can Contribute to the TCRβ Repertoire
Authors: Lee Kyutae D. , Bassing Craig H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mammalian TCRβ loci contain 30 Vβ gene segments upstream and in the same transcriptional orientation as two DJCβ clusters, and a downstream Vβ (TRBV31) in the opposite orientation. The textbook view is upstream Vβs rearrange only by deletion and TRBV31 rearranges only by inversion to create VβDJCβ genes. In this study, we show in mice that upstream Vβs recombine through inversion to the DJCβ2 cluster on alleles carrying a preassembled Trbv31-DJCβ1 gene. When this gene is in-frame, Trbv5 evades TCRβ-signaled feedback inhibition and recombines by inversion to the DJCβ2 cluster, creating αβ T cells that express assembled Trbv5-DJCβ2 genes. On alleles with an out-of-frame Trbv31-DJCβ1 gene, most upstream Vβs recombine at low levels and promote αβ T cell development, albeit with preferential expansion of Trbv1-DJβ2 rearrangements. Finally, we show wild-type Tcrb alleles produce mature αβ T cells that express upstream Vβ peptides in surface TCRs and carry Trbv31-DJβ2 rearrangements. Our study indicates two successive inversional Vβ-to-DJβ rearrangements on the same allele can contribute to the TCRβ repertoire.
Los Horizontes Mestizos: Polílogos, simbología y permeabilidad política en el arte.
Authors: Martínez Bueno Juan Felipe 
Published: November 2019

Ante el desgaste de los modelos políticos y democráticos, centrados en la discusión, el debate y los esquemas formales de representación y acción política proponemos el polílogo -acuñado por F. M. Wimmer para encarar asertivamente el contacto filosófico intercultural- y la simbología como corrección, oposición y ampliación de las dinámicas centralistas mono/dialógicas que, con sus respectivas estructuras demo-liberales, condicionan los contenidos y relaciones entre las partes involucradas en las disputas políticas. De este modo pretendemos elucidar algunas de las posibilidades de interacción multicultural que proporciona la simbología, entendida brevemente aquí como la expresión ontológica y epistémica de los horizontes sociales. A diferencia de los escenarios estrictamente políticos, la simbología en su vertiente artística permite -e invita- al mestizaje de los horizontes debido a su capacidad reconciliadora de los opuestos (en este caso el yo/otro, centro/periferia, local/extranjero) abriendo camino a modelos alternativos de integración que ya no solamente operen desde la verticalidad institucional definida por un esquema y origen definidos dentro del pensamiento eurocéntrico, sino mediante la flexibilidad y permeabilidad que han caracterizado a los movimientos artísticos y sus dinámicas de frontera. La política del disenso, en clave simbolista, apunta al cuestionamiento de los modelos de participación cultural y hacia la efectiva apertura a un mestizaje ontológico y metodológico que, en su receptividad multidireccional de poli-logo, cuestiona incluso los valores promovidos por el liberalismo pan-económico, erigiéndose como un laboratorio artístico/político divergente y necesario ante el estancamiento de los paradigmas y, además, muy urgente ante la escalada de los populismos nacionalistas de Europa y el mundo.
FOTOGRAFÍA Y MEMORIA HISTÓRICA EN LA GENERACIÓN DE LA POSMEMORIA
Authors: Cáceres Sánchez Iván 
Published: November 2019

En una realidad democrática cada vez más polarizada es necesario prestar atención a una de las cuestiones clave, fuente de polémica y desencuentro, como es la de la recuperación de la Memoria Histórica. Dentro de un proceso de renovación y redefinición de una democracia moderna, es imprescindible abordar el problema de la Memoria Histórica, especialmente en lo relativo a la Guerra Civil Española, poniendo en cuestión pasado y presente con una mirada crítica. Es aquí donde el arte y, en concreto, la fotografía tiene mucho que aportar. La práctica artística se constituye como espacio de reflexión y reivindicación totalmente integrado en un proceso de reforma democrática. Los fotógrafos y artistas que se valen de la fotografía actúan como agentes dinamizadores de este cambio de paradigma. En esta investigación pondremos el foco en artistas jóvenes actuales (nacidos a partir de los años 70) cuya obra habla directamente sobre la Guerra Civil Española o sobre aspectos derivados de ella, artistas pertenecientes a la “generación de la posmemoria”. Este concepto será clave para analizar la dialéctica presente en los trabajos de artistas nacidos después de la dictadura franquista. La presente investigación consta de dos objetivos fundamentales: analizar el término posmemoria poniéndolo en relación con las propuestas fotográficas de artistas jóvenes relevantes y, por otra parte, dar visibilidad a estos trabajos con la intención de generar un mapa actualizado que hable sobre el estado de la cuestión de la Memoria Histórica en el ámbito de la fotografía contemporánea. Para ello se han trabajo, por una parte, textos de Marianne Hirsch, Clément Chéroux, James Young, Ernst Van Alphen, Beatriz Sarlo y Laia Quílez Esteve (entre otros), y por otra parte, se han analizado propuestas significativas de artistas como Eugenio Merino y varios de los artistas participantes en la exposición Monte de Estépar. Algunos de las propuestas fotográficas contemporáneas más celebres en relación a la Guerra Civil Española proceden de autores nacidos entre los años 50 y 60, sin embargo cabe destacar que el número de artistas nacidos a partir de los 70 que tratan esta problemática es notablemente creciente, como consecuencia de un distanciamiento generacional con el acontecimiento y de una mayor presencia de esta discusión en los medios de comunicación. Sin duda, este hecho está contribuyendo a romper el voto de silencio y a normalizar este debate.
Aldo van Eyck, una narración entre signos y dibujos. El Estec de Noordwijk
Authors: Ginex Gaetano 
Published: November 2019

<p>El trabajo aquí presentado trata la importancia del dibujo configurativo en la elaboración de la idea proyectual en arquitectura. Es un testimonio del método proyectual de Aldo van Eyck, que usa el dibujo como medio expresivo que concreta el pensamiento y lo ilustra a través de una arquetípica exploración de la forma. Además de un análisis de los dibujos, esta narración representa una reflexión sobre un método de trabajo, donde el gesto gráfico, visto como dimensión espacial del pensamiento, es la herramienta principal para modificar el existente. En los esbozos de van Eyck, pensamiento, palabra, lenguaje y expresión gráfica son una sola cosa dentro de un ámbito disciplinar lógico-poético. El dibujo se convierte en un complejo texto narrativo e ilustra la idea de Arquitectura de un gran Maestro de la Arquitectura.</p><p> </p>
Editorial Sección Temática: Juventud, trabajo y desigualdades
Authors: Rivera-Aguilera Guillermo , García Quiroga Manuela , López Cortés Oscar , Pérez-Roa Lorena , Costhek Abilio Ludmila 
Published: November 2019

Las transformaciones del trabajo en las últimas décadas han tenido fuertes repercusiones en la población juvenil. El aumento del desempleo, la flexibilización del trabajo, la promoción del emprendimiento y la consolidación del neoliberalismo afectan significativamente a los jóvenes. La problemática del desempleo juvenil ha sido asociada tradicionalmente a los países pobres y en vías de desarrollo, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha presenciado cómo este fenómeno también afecta fuertemente a las economías más avanzadas del planeta. Los datos oficiales de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, señalan que 70,9 millones de jóvenes entre 15 y 24 años se encuentran desempleados actualmente, siendo su mayoría mujeres. Esta Sección Temática está integrada por un total de nueve artículos seleccionados a partir de un total de 26 manuscritos recibidos. Los trabajos presentados abordan temas diversos, entre ellos tenemos: a) deuda y juventud, b) precarización del trabajo y políticas de emprendimiento, c) uberización del trabajo, d) Ni-Nis e inclusión al mundo del trabajo, y e) trayectorias educativas.
Using wavelet transform to analyse on-road mobile measurements of air pollutants: a case study to evaluate vehicle emission control policies during the 2014 APEC summit
Authors: Li Yingruo , Tan Ziqiang , Ye Chunxiang , Wang Junxia , Wang Yanwen , Zhu Yi , Liang Pengfei , Chen Xi , Fang Yanhua , Han Yiqun , Wang Qi , He Di , Wang Yao , Zhu Tong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution in urban areas and
thus greatly impact air quality in the megacity Beijing. Various vehicle
emission control policies have been implemented at great cost, but there is
a lack of appropriate methods to evaluate the effectiveness of such
policies. Here we developed a wavelet transform method (WTM) to evaluate the
effectiveness of vehicle emission control policies during the 2014
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, taking advantage of high-time-resolution mobile measurements of NO, NOx, BC, CO, SO2, and
O3 made around the 4th Ring Road of Beijing. The WTM decomposed on-road
mobile measurements into high- and low-frequency components, where the
former represents immediate vehicle emissions, and the latter represents the
atmospheric background in addition to accumulated on-road emissions. The
high-frequency component of the WTM (CH_freq.), which
represents the concentrations of pollutants from vehicle emissions
(Cveh.), was used to evaluate the changes in vehicle emission intensity
in the full-APEC period (3–12 November 2014) relative to the pre-APEC (28 October to 2 November 2014) and post-APEC (13–22 November 2014) periods,
during which different vehicle emission control policies were implemented.
Our results suggest that the Cveh. of NO, NOx, BC, and CO in the
full-APEC period were 19.4 %, 17.7 %, 0.0 %, and 50.0 % lower,
respectively, than those in the pre-APEC period during daytime and were
50.0 %, 47.3 %, 62.5 %, and 50.0 % lower than those in the post-APEC
period during daytime. The Cveh. of NO, NOx, BC, and CO in the
full-APEC period were 65.3 %, 65.4 %, 14.3 %, and 50.0 % lower than
those in the post-APEC period during night-time. These results indicate that
the vehicle emission control policies implemented during the full-APEC
period were effective. Using on-road mobile measurements in combination with
the WTM, we developed a new method for the evaluation of pollution control
policies.
Evaluation of lead equivalence of radiation protection apparatuses as a function of tube potential and spectral shaping filter
Authors: Aljabal Areej Fawzi , Wargo Richard Ryan , Lin Pei‐Jan Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to evaluate the lead equivalence (LE) of radiation protective apparatuses under various combinations of tube potentials and spectral shaping filter.MethodIn this study, the commercially available 3M™ Lead Foil Tape 421, with nominal lead thickness of 0.1 mm, was employed to determine the LE of four different radiation protective apparatuses. The LE of protective apparatus was determined by utilizing the X‐ray transmission curves obtained with the lead foil tape at 60–120 kVp in combination with the spectral shaping filters of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mmCu. The experimental setup and test method, for the transmission measurements with narrow beam geometry, was performed in accordance to ASTM Designation F2547‐18 Standards. All measurements were obtained using cardiovascular interventional angiography system.ResultsA much larger discrepancies between the measured LE and stated (nominal) LE were observed at low tube potential (<70 kVp) for non‐lead protective apparatus. At higher tube potentials (>80 kVp) and thicker spectral shaping filters, the measured LE appears to be more consistent with the manufacturer specified nominal thickness for the protective apparatus investigated. On the other hand, for the lead protective eyeglasses, the measured lead equivalence of both the lead side shield and the lens of eyeglasses (0.38 and 0.85 mmPb respectively) are consistent across all tube voltage.ConclusionThe conventional specification of LE without considering spectral shaping filter is a valid measure for tube voltages at and above 80 kVp. The measured LE generally exceed the specifications. The difference is most significant at lower tube potentials, and especially with thicker spectral shaping filters. At higher voltages (>100 kVp), the measured LE and the nominal LE are in good agreement with each other irrespective of the spectral shaping filter thickness.
A self‐checking treatment couch coordinate calculation system in radiotherapy
Authors: Tsai Pingfang , Liu Chihray , Kahler Darren L. , Li Jonathan G. , Lu Bo , Yan Guanghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTraditionally, the treatment couch coordinates (TCCs) for patients undergoing radiotherapy can only be determined at the time of treatment, placing pressure on the treating therapists and leaving several pathways for errors such as wrong‐site treatment or wrong treatment table shift from a reference point. The purpose of this work is to propose an accurate, robust, and streamlined system that calculates TCC in advance.MethodsThe proposed system combines the advantages of two different calculation methods that use an indexed immobilization device. The first method uses an array of reference ball bearings (BBs) embedded in the CT scanner’s couch‐top. To obtain the patient‐specific TCC, the spatial offset of the treatment planning isocenter from the reference BB is used. The second method performs a calculation using the one‐to‐one mapping relationship between the CT scanner’s DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) coordinate system and the TCC system. Both methods use a reference point in the CT coordinate system to correlate a point in the TCC system to perform the coordinate transfer between the two systems. Both methods were used to calculate the TCC and the results were checked against each other, creating an integrated workflow via automated self‐checking. The accuracy of the calculation system was retrospectively evaluated with 275 patients, where the actual treatment position determined with cone‐beam CT was used as a reference.ResultsAn efficient workflow transparent to the therapists at both CT simulation and treatment was created. It works with any indexed immobilization device and can be universally applied to all treatment sites. The two methods had comparable accuracy, with 95% of the calculations within 3 mm. The inter‐fraction variation was within ± 1.0 cm for 95% of the coordinates across all the treatment sites.ConclusionsA robust, accurate, and streamlined system was implemented to calculate TCCs in advance. It eases the pressure on the treating therapists, reduces patient setup time, and enhances the patient safety by preventing setup errors.
Assessment of the use of different imaging and delivery techniques for cranial treatments on the Halcyon linac
Authors: Flores‐Martinez Everardo , Cerviño Laura I. , Pawlicki Todd , Kim Gwe‐Ya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeIn this work, we investigated the effect on the workflow and setup accuracy of using surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) for patient setup, megavoltage cone beam CT (MVCBCT) or kilovoltage cone beam CT (kVCBCT) for imaging and fixed IMRT or volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for treatment delivery with the Halcyon linac.MethodsWe performed a retrospective investigation of 272 treatment fractions, using three different workflows. The first and second workflows used MVCBCT and fixed IMRT for imaging and treatment delivery, and the second one also used SGRT for patient setup. The third workflow used SGRT for setup, kVCBCT for imaging and VMAT for delivery. Workflows were evaluated by comparing the number of fractions requiring repeated imaging acquisitions and the time required for setup, imaging and treatment delivery. Setup position accuracy was assessed by comparing the daily kV‐ or MV‐ CBCT with the planning CT and measuring the residual rotational errors for pitch, yaw and roll angles.ResultsWithout the use of SGRT, the imaging fields were delivered more than once on 11.1% of the fractions, while re‐imaging was necessary in 5.5% of the fractions using SGRT. The total treatment time, including setup, imaging, and delivery, for the three workflows was 531 ± 157 s, 503 ± 130 s and 457 ± 91 s, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the third workflow with the first two. The total residual rotational errors were 1.96 ± 1.29°, 1.28 ± 0.67° and 1.22 ± 0.76° and statistically significant differences were observed when comparing workflows with and without SGRT.ConclusionsThe use of SGRT allowed for a reduction of re‐imaging during patient setup and improved patient position accuracy by reducing residual rotational errors. A reduction in treatment time using kVCBCT with SGRT was observed. The most efficient workflow was the one including kVCBCT and SGRT for setup and VMAT for delivery.
A unified brain system of orientation and its disruption in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dafni‐Merom Amnon , Peters‐Founshtein Gregory , Kahana‐Merhavi Shlomzion , Arzy Shahar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether a unified brain system manages one’s orientation to different places, events and people in one’s environment, and test the hypothesis that failure of this system (disorientation) is an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsA total of 46 participants (patients along the AD continuum and cognitively normal control subjects) were tested in a personalized, ecologically valid task of orientation relating to the participant’s own world in space, time and person under high–density electroencephalography. As a first step, we used evoked potential mapping to search for brain topography correlated with participants’ performance in orientating themselves to different places (space), events (time) and people (person) (Experiment 1). We then compared behavioral and electrophysiological changes in patients along the AD continuum (Experiment 2).ResultsWe identified a specific brain topography (“orientation map”) that was active for orientation in space, time and person in correlation to participants’ performance. Both performance and the map’s strength gradually decreased from health to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and from MCI to AD. Another map, immediately preceding the orientation map, showed the longest activity in patients with MCI, significantly more than both patients with AD and cognitively normal controls.InterpretationOur findings demonstrate that the same brain topography accounts for orientation in the different domains of space, time and person and provide a nexus between deterioration in patients’ orientation with the aggravation of Alzheimer’s disease.
Robust fault estimation based on learning observer for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems with interval time‐varying delay
Authors: You Fuqiang , Cheng Shiya , Tian Kuo , Zhang Xinyan 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of robust fault estimation for a class of Takagi‐Sugeno(T‐S) fuzzy systems which subject to interval time‐varying delay, external disturbance, and actuator fault. The designed learning observer can achieve simultaneous estimation of system state and time‐varying or constant actuator fault. Then, we construct a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional including the information of the lower and upper delay bounds; compared with the time‐varying delay, the interval time‐varying delay is the less conservative form. Furthermore, one less conservative delay‐dependent condition for the existence of learning observer is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In addition, the results for the systems with interval time‐varying delay are simplified when the delay is not concluded. Finally, simulation results of two examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Immersion and invariance adaptive tracking control for robot manipulators with a novel modified scaling factor design
Authors: Xia Dongdong , Yue Xiaokui , Wen Haowei , Li Lin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe robot manipulators' tracking control problem in the presence of inertia uncertainties is addressed in this paper, and a novel dynamic scaling–based immersion and invariance (I&I) adaptive tracking controller is utilized to stabilize the proposed system. By virtue of the reconstruction method of the parameter regression matrix, this paper provides a new perspective on how to overcome the integrability obstacle typically arising in the I&I controller design through dynamic scaling and presents a new controller design method. What is more, a novel modified scaling factor is proposed as well so that the controller can be implemented without the prior knowledge of the inertia matrix's lower bound, and only the saturation function involving the scaling factor is included in the feedback gains. Finally, the numerical simulations show the validity of the proposed controller.
Boosting Photocurrent via Heating BiFeO3 Materials for Enhanced Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Rudai , Ma Nan , Song Kai , Yang Ya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiFeO3 (BFO) is a potentially important Pb‐free ferroelectric with a narrow bandgap and is expected to become a novel photodetector. The photocurrent in BFO3 strongly depends on the temperature but only a few studies have investigated in detail the relationships between photocurrent and temperature. Here, the temperature‐dependent photocurrent and the corresponding photosensing properties of a Ag/BFO/indiumtin oxide (ITO) photodetector based on an optimized planar‐structured electrode configuration are investigated. The photocurrent and responsivity of the BFO3‐based photodetector can first be increased and then be decreased with increasing temperature. The largest photocurrent and responsivity can reach 51.5 µA and 6.56 × 10−4 A W−1 at 66.1 °C, which is enhanced 126.3% as compared with that at room temperature. This may be caused by the temperature‐modulated bandgap and barrier height in Ag/BFO/ITO device. This study clarifies the relationship between photosensing performance and the operating temperature of BFO‐based photodetector and will push forward the application of ferroelectric materials in photoelectric field.
PdTe2 Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide: Chemical Reactivity, Thermal Stability, and Device Implementation
Authors: D'Olimpio Gianluca , Guo Cheng , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Edla Raju , Lue Chin Shan , Ottaviano Luca , Torelli Piero , Wang Lin , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Politano Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPalladium ditelluride (PdTe2) is a novel transition‐metal dichalcogenide exhibiting type‐II Dirac fermions and topological superconductivity. To assess its potential in technology, its chemical and thermal stability is investigated by means of surface‐science techniques, complemented by density functional theory, with successive implementation in electronics, specifically in a millimeter‐wave receiver. While water adsorption is energetically unfavorable at room temperature, due to a differential Gibbs free energy of ≈+12 kJ mol−1, the presence of Te vacancies makes PdTe2 surfaces unstable toward surface oxidation with the emergence of a TeO2 skin, whose thickness remains sub‐nanometric even after one year in air. Correspondingly, the measured photocurrent of PdTe2‐based optoelectronic devices shows negligible changes (below 4%) in a timescale of one month, thus excluding the need of encapsulation in the nanofabrication process. Remarkably, the responsivity of a PdTe2‐based millimeter‐wave receiver is 13 and 21 times higher than similar devices based on black phosphorus and graphene in the same operational conditions, respectively. It is also discovered that pristine PdTe2 is thermally stable in a temperature range extending even above 500 K, thus paving the way toward PdTe2‐based high‐temperature electronics. Finally, it is shown that the TeO2 skin, formed upon air exposure, can be removed by thermal reduction via heating in vacuum.