bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of contrasting stream types, Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Harmon Russell S. , Leslie Deborah L. , Lyons W. Berry , Welch Kathleen A. , McKnight Diane M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The McMurdo Dry Valley region is the largest ice-free area of Antarctica. Ephemeral streams flow here during the austral summer, transporting glacial meltwater to perennially ice-covered, closed basin lakes. The chemistry of 24 Taylor Valley streams was examined over the two-decade period of monitoring from 1993 to 2014, and the geochemical behavior of two streams of contrasting physical and biological character was monitored across the seven weeks of the 2010–2011 flow season. Four species dominate stream solute budgets: HCO3–, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl–, with SO42–, Mg2+, and K+ present in significantly lesser proportions. All streams contain dissolved silica at low concentrations. Across Taylor Valley, streams are characterized by their consistent anionic geochemical fingerprint of HCO3 &gt; Cl &gt; SO4, but there is a split in cation composition between 14 streams with Ca &gt; Na &gt; Mg &gt; K and 10 streams with Na &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; K.
Andersen Creek is a first-order proglacial stream representative of the 13 short streams that flow &lt;1.5 km from source to gage. Von Guerard is representative of 11 long streams 2–7 km in length characterized by extensive hyporheic zones. Both streams exhibit a strong daily cycle for solute load, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, which vary in proportion to discharge. A well-expressed diurnal co-variation of pH with dissolved oxygen is observed for both streams that reflects different types of biological control. The relative consistency of Von Guerard composition over the summer flow season reflects chemostatic regulation, where water in transient storage introduced during times of high streamflow has an extended opportunity for water-sediment interaction, silicate mineral dissolution, and pore-water exchange.
Every month matters: longitudinal associations between exclusive breastfeeding duration, child growth and obesity among WIC-participating children
Authors: Anderson Christopher E , Whaley Shannon E , Crespi Catherine M , Wang May C , Chaparro M Pia 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundResearch has found breastfeeding to be protective of obesity; however, this link remains contentious. We examined longitudinal associations between exclusive breastfeeding duration, growth trajectories and obesity at 4 years among children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), and whether these associations differed in the context of the 2009 WIC food package change, implemented to improve alignment with dietary guidelines and promote breastfeeding.MethodsLongitudinal data from 260 935 WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County, California, 2003–2016, were used to assess the relationship between duration of receipt of the fully breastfeeding package (an exclusive breastfeeding proxy) with childhood growth and obesity using mixed effects and Poisson regression models.ResultsChildren exclusively breastfed for longer duration had healthier growth trajectories and lower obesity risk at age 4. Compared with infants with no fully breastfeeding package receipt, any receipt (a breastfeeding initiation proxy) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Obesity risk was lowest for boys and girls exclusively breastfed for 7 (risk ratio (RR)=0.73, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.82) and 13 months (RR=0.63, 95% CI=0.58 to 0.69), respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding duration increased, but associations between exclusive breastfeeding duration and growth and obesity were not modified, following the 2009 WIC food package change.ConclusionIncreased duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with reduced obesity risk. The greatest incremental benefit was observed going from none to any exclusive breastfeeding, and the maximum cumulative benefit was among children receiving the fully breastfeeding package for more than 6 months. Breastfeeding promotion in WIC remains important for obesity prevention.
Comparison of PED and FRED flow diverters for posterior circulation aneurysms: a propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Griessenauer Christoph J , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Xiang Sissi , Hong Tao , Zhang Hongqi , Taussky Philipp , Grandhi Ramesh , Waqas Muhammad , Tutino Vincent M , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J , Ulfert Christian , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Renieri Leonardo , Limbucci Nicola , Parra-Fariñas Carmen , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Kan Peter , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed , Spears Julian , Müller-Thies-Broussalis Erasmia , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika , Islak Civan , Kocer Naci , Sonnberger Michael , Engelhorn Tobias , Ghuman Mandeep , Yang Victor XD , Salehani Arsalaan , Harrigan Mark R , Radovanovic Ivan , Pereira Vitor M , Krings Timo , Matouk Charles C , Chen Karen , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali , Ghorbani Mohammad , Schirmer Clemens M , Goren Oded , Dalal Shamsher S , Koch Matthew J , Stapleton Christopher J , Patel Aman B , Finkenzeller Thomas , Holtmannspötter Markus , Buhk Jan Hendrik , Foreman Paul Michael , Cress Marshall , Hirschl Robert , Reith Wolfgang , Simgen Andreas , Janssen Hendrik , Marotta Thomas R , Dmytriw Adam A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlow diversion is a common endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms, but studies comparing different types of flow diverters are scarce.ObjectiveTo perform a propensity score matched cohort study comparing the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) and Flow Redirection Intraluminal Device (FRED) for posterior circulation aneurysms.MethodsConsecutive aneurysms of the posterior circulation treated at 25 neurovascular centers with either PED or FRED were collected. Propensity score matching was used to control for age, duration of follow-up imaging, adjunctive coiling, and aneurysm location, size, and morphology; previously ruptured aneurysms were excluded. The two devices were compared for the following outcomes: procedural complications, aneurysm occlusion, and functional outcome.ResultsA total of 375 aneurysms of the posterior circulation were treated in 369 patients. The PED was used in 285 (77.2%) and FRED in 84 (22.8%) procedures. Aneurysms treated with the PED were more commonly fusiform and larger than those treated with FRED. To account for these important differences, propensity score matching was performed resulting in 33 PED and FRED unruptured aneurysm pairs. No differences were found in occlusion status and neurologic thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications between the two devices. The proportion of patients with favorable functional outcome was higher with FRED (100% vs 87.9%, p=0.04).ConclusionComparative analysis of PED and FRED for the treatment of unruptured posterior circulation aneurysms did not identify significant differences in aneurysm occlusion or neurologic complications. Variations in functional outcomes warrant additional investigations.
Quality of life, need for retreatment, and the re-equilibration phenomenon after venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Garner Rebecca M , Aldridge Jennifer Bernhardt , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundLong term failure rates after venous sinus stenting (VSS) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are poorly understood.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively-maintained single center database to identify patients with medically refractory IIH who underwent VSS. Patients with persistent or severe recurrent symptoms after VSS undergo lumbar puncture (LP), therefore LP serves as a marker for treatment failure.Results81 patients underwent VSS with a mean follow-up of 10 months; 44 (54.3%) patients underwent LP after VSS due to persistent or recurrent symptoms at a mean of 12 months (median 7, range 2–43). There was a mean decrease in opening pressure (OP) on LP from pre- to post-VSS of 9.1 cm H2O (median 9.5). Overall, a total of 21 (25.9%) patients underwent further surgical intervention following VSS, including five who underwent repeat VSS (6.2% of total) and 18 who underwent cerebrospinal fluid shunting (22.2% of total). There was a non-significant (p=0.18) but overall increase in quality of life scores from pre-stenting (61.2) to last follow-up (71.2), and a significant decrease in Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores (p=0.03) with mean pre-stenting and last follow-up scores of 62.7 and 55.8, respectively.ConclusionsVSS is an effective treatment for venous sinus stenosis in IIH; however, this study found higher rates of symptomatic recurrence and need for further surgical intervention (26%) than previously reported in the literature. Recurrence of symptoms occurred at a median of 7 months, even though OP remained lower at follow-up LP, suggestive of a re-equilibration phenomenon.
Association between federal and California state policy violation among vape shops and neighbourhood composition in Southern California
Authors: Huh Jimi , Meza Leah R , Galstyan Ellen , Galimov Artur , Unger Jennifer B , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Sussman Steve 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPast studies have documented disparities in regulation compliance among tobacco retailers with respect to ethnic diversity in neighbourhoods. This study investigated the association between compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and California state rules and neighbourhood ethnic composition of a vape shop location.MethodsWe recruited 122 vape shops located in ‘ethnic enclave’ neighbourhoods in Southern California. Trained teams of data collectors visited each of the consented vape shops and coded items in the shops that were visible and on display. Location data for the percentages of ethnic composition for a given city were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder. Multilevel logistic regression models examined the relationship between the city-level neighbourhood ethnic composition and vape shop rule violation status: not displaying Ask4ID sign and offering free samples.ResultsVape shops located in neighbourhoods/communities with more white residents were significantly less likely to not display Ask4ID sign (p=0.03) and less likely to offer free sampling (p=0.009), controlling for other neighbourhood ethnic characteristics.DiscussionGreater enforcement for proper signage display is needed for vape shops located in racial/ethnic minority locations to ensure that minors are discouraged from purchasing e-products.
A statistical model to calculate inclusive hadronic cross sections
Authors: Balassa Gábor , Wolf György 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHadronic cross sections are important ingredients in many of the ongoing research methods in high energy nuclear physics, and it is always important to measure and/or calculate the probabilities of different types of reactions. In heavy-ion transport simulations at a few GeV energies, these hadronic cross sections are essential and so far mostly the exclusive processes are used, however, if one interested in total production rates the inclusive cross sections are also necessary to know. In this paper, we introduce a statistical-based method, which is able to give good estimates to exclusive and inclusive cross sections as well in the energy range of a few GeV. The method and its estimates for not well-known cross sections, will be used in a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) type off-shell transport code to explain charmonium and bottomonium mass shifts in heavy-ion collisions.
Construcciones con aunque restrictivo + subjuntivo “polémico”: posibles abordajes en la clase de ELSE
Authors: Pacagnini Ana María Judith 
Published: July 2020

En este artículo retomamos el estudio de las construcciones concesivas con subjuntivo y su relevancia en la enseñanza de ELSE a partir de un nivel umbral, sobretodo frente a la posibilidad de que el subjuntivo (denominado temático o polémico) señale hechos que el hablante concibe como reales: Aunque pasen los años, Ud. no envejece. Defendemos que se presente el subjuntivo con valor factual como herramienta estratégica, de modo que el aprendiz sea sensible a factores como la prosodia y la posición de la prótasis concesiva, fundamentalmente cuando aunque introduce el segundo miembro de la construcción y adquiere un valor restrictivo (con mayor relieve informativo). Un tema en discusión es la alternancia modal en estas estructuras; buscamos corroborar la afirmación de Flamenco (1999, 2011), quien sostiene que el subjuntivo es posible solo cuando hay una pausa entre la subordinada y la principal. Asimismo, nuestra propuesta contempla la importancia de partir de la analogía entre aunque y pero.
Combining Optimized Image Processing With Dual Axis Rotational Angiography: Toward Low‐Dose Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Buytaert Dimitri , Drieghe Benny , Van Heuverswyn Frédéric , De Pooter Jan , Gheeraert Peter , De Wolf Daniël , Taeymans Yves , Bacher Klaus 
Published: July 2020

Background

Dual axis rotational coronary angiography (
DARCA
) reduces radiation exposure during coronary angiography on older x‐ray systems. The purpose of the current study is to quantify patient and staff radiation exposure using
DARCA
on a modality already equipped with dose‐reducing technology. Additionally, we assessed applicability of 1 dose area product to effective dose conversion factor for both
DARCA
and conventional coronary angiography (
CCA
) procedures.

Methods and Results

Twenty patients were examined using
DARCA
and were compared with 20 age‐, sex‐, and body mass index–matched patients selected from a prior study using
CCA
on the same x‐ray modality. All irradiation events are simulated using
PCXMC
(
STUK
, Finland) to determine organ and effective doses. Moreover, for
DARCA
each frame is simulated. Staff dose is measured using active personal dosimeters (DoseAware, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands). With
DARCA
, median cumulative dose area product is reduced by 57% (ie, 7.41 versus 17.19 Gy·cm
2
). Effective dose conversion factors of
CCA
and
DARCA
are slightly different, yet this difference is not statistically significant. The occupational dose at physician's chest, leg, and collar level are reduced by 60%, 56%, and 16%, respectively, of which the first 2 reached statistical significance. Median effective dose is reduced from 4.75 mSv in
CCA
to 2.22 mSv in
DARCA
procedures, where the latter is further reduced to 1.79 mSv when excluding ventriculography.

Conclusions

During invasive coronary angiography,
DARCA
reduces radiation exposure even further toward low‐dose values on a system already equipped with advanced image processing and noise reduction algorithms. For both
DARCA
and
CCA
procedures, using 1 effective dose conversion factor of 0.30 mSv·Gy
−1
·cm
−2
is feasible.
Clinical Effectiveness of Cardiac Noninvasive Diagnostic Testing in Outpatients Evaluated for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roifman Idan , Sivaswamy Atul , Chu Anna , Austin Peter C. , Ko Dennis T. , Douglas Pamela S. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: July 2020

Background

Despite more than 4 million cardiac noninvasive diagnostic tests (
NIT
) being performed annually for stable coronary artery disease in the United States, it is unclear whether they are associated with downstream improvements in outcomes when compared with no testing. We sought to determine whether
NIT
was associated with reduced downstream major adverse cardiovascular events when compared with not testing.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based study of ≈1.5 million patients undergoing chest pain evaluation in Ontario, Canada. Patients were categorized into
NIT
and no‐testing groups. Cause‐specific proportional hazards models were used to compare the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (composite outcome of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction or cardiovascular mortality and each constituent) between the 2 groups after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates. The rate of the composite outcome was ≈25% lower for patients undergoing noninvasive testing (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95%
CI
, 0.75–0.79). The benefits of testing were consistent for all 3 constituents of the composite; unstable angina (HR, 0.87; 95%
CI
, 0.82–0.93 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.83; 95%
CI
, 0.79–0.86 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.68; 95%
CI
, 0.65–0.72 for the
NIT
versus the no‐testing group).

Conclusions

Our large population‐based study reports an ≈25% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events that was independently associated with
NIT
in outpatients being evaluated for stable angina. This study demonstrates the prognostic importance of
NIT
versus no testing on the health of contemporary populations.
Religious Rituals as Civil hexis
Authors: Tofighi Fatima 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In their attempt to question the assumption that rituals are merely symbolic, Talal Asad and Saba Mahmood tried to show that rituals have functioned as instruments. In Asad’s study of medieval Christianity and Mahmood’s work on mosque women, rituals function to make selves. These instrumentalist readings stand outside the usual modernist representational readings. For these anthropologists, the distinction between representational and instrumental understandings of rituals seems to be very clear. Nationalist modernist readings of Islamic rituals seem to confirm the representational logic, which apparently falls entirely outside the instrumental framework. In this paper, I intend to disturb this clear-cut distinction, and demonstrate that in many occasions the instrumental understanding is preceded by a representational interpretation, while the representational may, in turn, help create a civil subject. My evidences come from the Iranian Islamic literature in 1960s and 70s, viz. Mortaza Motahhari, Ali Shariʾati, Mehdi Barzargan, and the authors of Maktab-e Islam monthly. Although some of these intellectuals emphasized the instrumental nature of rituals in making the pious subject, others proposed different rationalizations—medical benefit, collective solidarity and order, and existential meaning. For these thinkers or their audience, there was no clear distinction between these justifications. It is true that many of them had a representational logic; but they contributed to making a proper civil subject. Hence, the instrumental-representational binary cannot always be maintained. Asad’s and Mahmood’s critiques of anthropological readings of rituals have yet to be qualified to take into account the prior interpretations and theological context of religious rituals, to highlight the conflation of the representational and instrumental frameworks in many modern rituals, and to note that deciding on the instrumentality of a particular ritual is not only significant when it is about constructing the interior of the private self, but may be involved in building larger communities.
Explaining the Modern Transformation of Islamic Legal Contracts: Theoretical and Practical Implications
Authors: Cebeci Ismail 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article both examines changing contexts and factors that cause transformation as well as shows their effects on Islamic finance contracts. Here the author addresses his general theories in terms of modern iǧtihād (independent reasoning) on modern Islamic finance contracts. The main question is: ‘How have changing contexts and factors affected the emergence and transformation of Islamic financial contracts?’ The study addresses contexts, factors, and conditions that severely transform contracts. More specifically, the author argues that modern Islamic finance contracts have been transformed by the effects of changing factors and contexts. The main objective is to uncover modern contractual developments in Islamic finance and show how this transformation has made its mark on modern Islamic finance contracts. The study consists of a presentation of historical background, an explanation of socio-economic and ideological-ethical contexts and factors creating change, and a discussion regarding their effects on modern Islamic contracts.
Rhachiella malawica gen. nov., spec. nov. from Malawi—another beauty of the Afrotropics (Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae)
Authors: ASPÖCK ULRIKE , ASPÖCK HORST , JOHNSON JAMES B. , DONGA TRUST KASAMBALA , DUELLI PETER 
Published: July 2020

A new species and a new genus of Rhachiberothidae, Rhachiella malawica gen. nov., spec. nov., are described from Malawi. The new species is characterized by a flat vertex, a long penisfilum in the male, and by a bifurcate pseudohypocauda in the female. This combination of characters requires the description of a new genus, which is the sister taxon of Mucroberotha Tjeder, 1959. This is the first record of Rhachiberothidae in Malawi. The distributions of all 14 species of Rhachiberothidae so far known are shown in three maps.
Simplified Signs
Authors: Bonvillian John D. , Lee Nicole Kissane , Dooley Tracy T. , Loncke Filip T. 
Published: July 2020

Simplified Signs presents a system of manual sign communication intended for special populations who have had limited success mastering spoken or full sign languages. It is the culmination of over twenty years of research and development by the authors. The Simplified Sign System has been developed and tested for ease of sign comprehension, memorization, and formation by limiting the complexity of the motor skills required to form each sign, and by ensuring that each sign visually resembles the meaning it conveys.
Volume 1 outlines the research underpinning and informing the project, and places the Simplified Sign System in a wider context of sign usage, historically and by different populations. Volume 2 presents the lexicon of signs, totalling approximately 1000 signs, each with a clear illustration and a written description of how the sign is formed, as well as a memory aid that connects the sign visually to the meaning that it conveys.
While the Simplified Sign System originally was developed to meet the needs of persons with intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, autism, or aphasia, it may also assist the communication needs of a wider audience – such as healthcare professionals, aid workers, military personnel, travellers or parents, and children who have not yet mastered spoken language. The system also has been shown to enhance learning for individuals studying a foreign language.
Lucid and comprehensive, this work constitutes a valuable resource that will enhance the communicative interactions of many different people, and will be of great interest to researchers and educators alike.