bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress and antidepressant treatment alter purine metabolism and beta oxidation within mouse brain and serum
Authors: Hamilton Peter J. , Chen Emily Y. , Tolstikov Vladimir , Peña Catherine J. , Picone Joseph A. , Shah Punit , Panagopoulos Kiki , Strat Ana N. , Walker Deena M. , Lorsch Zachary S. , Robinson Hannah L. , Mervosh Nicholas L. , Kiraly Drew D. , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Nestler Eric J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition with unclear pathophysiology. Molecular disruptions within limbic brain regions and the periphery contribute to depression symptomatology and a more complete understanding the diversity of molecular changes that occur in these tissues may guide the development of more efficacious antidepressant treatments. Here, we utilized a mouse chronic social stress model for the study of MDD and performed metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiling on serum plus several brain regions (ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex) of susceptible, resilient, and unstressed control mice. To identify how commonly used tricyclic antidepressants impact the molecular composition in these tissues, we treated stress-exposed mice with imipramine and repeated our multi-OMIC analyses. Proteomic analysis identified three serum proteins reduced in susceptible animals; lipidomic analysis detected differences in lipid species between resilient and susceptible animals in serum and brain; and metabolomic analysis revealed dysfunction of purine metabolism, beta oxidation, and antioxidants, which were differentially associated with stress susceptibility vs resilience by brain region. Antidepressant treatment ameliorated stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and affected key metabolites within outlined networks, most dramatically in the ventral hippocampus. This work presents a resource for chronic social stress-induced, tissue-specific changes in proteins, lipids, and metabolites and illuminates how molecular dysfunctions contribute to individual differences in stress sensitivity.
Role of locoregional surgery in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer: analysis of real-world data from China
Authors: Ma Li , Mi Yunzhe , Cui Shude , Wang Haibo , Fu Peifen , Yin Yongmei , Jin Feng , Li Jianbin , Liu Yinhua , Fan Zhimin , Zhang Haiqing , Geng Cuizhi , Jiang Zefei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStage IV breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Because real-world data are lacking in China, our research attempts to explore the effect of locoregional surgery on the prognosis of patients with MBC. A total of 987 patients from 10 hospitals and 2 databases in East China (2004–2018) were included in this study. Overall, 47% of patients underwent locoregional surgery, and 53% did not. Surgeons tended to perform surgery on patients with small tumours (T1/T2), positive hormone receptor (HR) markers, and metastatic sites confined to a single organ and non-visceral sites (bone only/others) (each p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test showed that median survival was longer for patients who had locoregional surgery than for those who did not (45.00 vs. 28.00 months; p < 0.001). Patients who underwent surgery after systemic treatment had better survival than those who underwent surgery immediately (p < 0.001). In most subgroups, overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the surgery group than in the no-surgery group (each p < 0.05), except for brain metastases and triple negative breast cancer. Therefore, we concluded that locoregional surgery for the primary tumour in MBC patients was associated with a marked reduction in risk of dying except for patients with brain metastases or triple-negative subtype.
Elevated CO2 alters transgene methylation not only in promoterregion but also in codingregion of Bt rice under different N-fertilizer levels
Authors: Liu Yanmin , Wang Yanhui , Chen Geng , Li Chunxu , Jiang Shoulin , Parajulee Megha N. , Chen Fajun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe earth has been undergoing climate change, especially in recent years, driven by increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and rising earth-surface temperature, which could reduce N allocation to Bt toxin for transgenic Bt crops (Bt crops), but the N fertilization is considered to be an effective method to enhance the C–N balance in Bt crops in the case of elevated CO2 in future. DNA methylation not only in promoterregion but also in codingregion of transgene plays a critical role in transgene expression regulation and silencing of transgenic crops. Recent research has emphasized the risks of increased transgene silencing of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice under elevated CO2. In this study, the effects of elevated CO2 (vs. ambient CO2) on exogenous Bt toxins and transgene expression in promoterregion and codingregion of Bt rice during tillering stage (cv. HH1 expressing fused Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) were evaluated under three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (1/4, 1 and 2 N levels). The aboveground and belowground biomass, and foliar Bt protein content of Bt rice were all significantly increased with the augmentation of N-fertilizer. And elevated CO2 significantly increased belowground biomass, total soluble protein content, transgene methylation levels in promoterregion (P1), and in total of promoterregion(P1) and codingregion (P2 + P3) (i.e., P1 + P2 + P3) at 1 N level, and it also increased transgene methylation levels in codingregion (P2), and in total of promoterregion and codingregion (P1 + P2 + P3) at 2 N level. In addition, elevated CO2 decreased foliar Bt protein content at 1 N level. The transgene methylation levels in promoterregion and codingregion were negatively correlated with Bt-transgene expression level. The methylation level of cytosines located at CG sites was higher than those at CHG and CHH sites in P1, P2 and P3 fragments regardless of the CO2 or N-fertilizer level. The correlation of transgene mehtylation in promoterregion with transgene expression is even stronger than that in codingregion. These data indicate that N fertilization supply will increase the Bt toxin content in transgenic Bt rice, especially under elevated CO2.
Shifts in broadband power and alpha peak frequency observed during long-term isolation
Authors: Weber Jan , Klein Timo , Abeln Vera 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProlonged periods of social isolation and spatial confinement do not only represent an issue that needs to be faced by a few astronauts during space missions, but can affect all of us as recently shown during pandemic situations. The fundamental question, how the brain adapts to periods of sensory deprivation and re-adapts to normality, has only received little attention. Here, we use eyes closed and eyes open resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to investigate how neural activity is altered during 120 days of isolation in a spatially confined, space-analogue environment. After disentangling oscillatory patterns from 1/f activity, we show that isolation leads to a reduction in broadband power and a flattening of the 1/f spectral slope. Beyond that, we observed a reduction in alpha peak frequency during isolation, but did not find strong evidence for isolation-induced changes that are of oscillatory nature. Critically, all effects reversed upon release from isolation. These findings suggest that isolation and concomitant sensory deprivation lead to an enhanced cortical deactivation which might be explained by a reduction in the mean neuronal population firing rate.
Novel genomic targets of valosin-containing protein in protecting pathological cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Zhou Ning , Chen Xin , Xi Jing , Ma Ben , Leimena Christiana , Stoll Shaunrick , Qin Gangjian , Wang Charles , Qiu Hongyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, such as that caused by hypertension, is a key risk factor for heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We previously reported that the valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase-associated protein newly identified in the heart, acts as a significant mediator of cardiac protection against pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Still, the underlying molecular basis for the protection is unclear. This study used a cardiac-specific VCP transgenic mouse model to understand the transcriptomic alterations induced by VCP under the cardiac stress caused by pressure overload. Using RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, we found that overexpression of the VCP in the heart was able to normalize the pressure overload-stimulated hypertrophic signals by activating G protein-coupled receptors, particularly, the olfactory receptor family, and inhibiting the transcription factor controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, VCP overexpression restored pro-survival signaling through regulating alternative splicing alterations of mitochondrial genes. Together, our study revealed a novel molecular regulation mediated by VCP under pressure overload that may bring new insight into the mechanisms involved in protecting against hypertensive heart failure.
Tea from the drinking to the synthesis of metal complexes and fabrication of PVA based polymer composites with controlled optical band gap
Authors: Brza M. A. , Aziz Shujahadeen B. , Anuar H. , Ali Fathilah , Dannoun Elham M. A. , Mohammed Sewara J. , Abdulwahid Rebar T. , Al-Zangana Shakhawan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present study black tea extract (BTE) solution which is familiar for drinking was used to prepare cerium metal-complexes (Ce(III)-complex). The prepared Ce(III)-complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that BTE solution is a novel green coordination chemistry approach for the synthesis of metal complexes. The outcomes signify that coordination occurs between cerium cations and polyphenols. The synthesis of metal-complexes with superior absorption performance in the visible region is a challenge for optoelectronic device applications. The suspended Ce(III)-complex in distilled water was mixed with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer to fabricate PVA/ Ce(III)-complex composites with controlled optical properties. The PVA/Ce(III)-complexes composite films were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD findings confirms the amorphous structure for the synthesized Ce(III)-complexes. The addition of Ce(III)-complex into the PVA host polymer led to the growth of polymer composites with controllable small optical band gaps. It is shown by the FTIR spectra of the composite films that the functional groups of the host PVA have a vigorous interaction with the Ce(III)-complex. The XRD deconvolution on PVA composites reveals the amorphous phase enlargement with increasing Ce(III)-complex concentration. It is indicated in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) that the surface roughness in the doped PVA films increases with the increase of the Ce(III)-complex. There is a decrease in absorption edge from 5.7 to 1.7 eV. It becomes possible to recognize the type of electron transition by studying both the Tauc's model and optical dielectric loss (ɛi) parameter.
Molecular dynamic simulation of performance of modified BAMO/AMMO copolymers and their effects on mechanical properties of energetic materials
Authors: Wang Ke , Li Huan , Li Jun-qiang , Xu Hui-xiang , Zhang Chao , Lu Ying-ying , Fan Xue-zhong , Pang Wei-qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on molecular dynamic method, densities, mechanical behavior and mechanical performance of P(BAMO/ AMMO) (Polymer 1) and two novel modified P(BAMO/AMMO) (Polymer 2: containing amino group, Polymer 3: containing nitro group), and their effects on mechanical properties of four energetic materials are investigated, the main results are as follow: Polymer 2 (1.235 g/cm3, 240 ± 5 K) and Polymer 3: 1.281 g/cm3, 181 ± 3 K) possess higher densities and lower glass transition temperatures than Polymer 1 (1.229 g/cm3, 247 ± 4 K). The modification makes Polymer 1 difficult to expand, improves its mechanical properties, but has few effect on its diffusion coefficient at same temperature and state. In addition, three binders are compatible with TNT, HMX and CL-20, and may react with DNTF. All polymers particularly improve rigidity of four energetic materials, and enhance their ductility except Polymer 2 on TNT. The ability of Polymer 2 and Polymer 3 improving rigidity (except Polymer 3 on HMX) and ductility of TNT and HMX is inferior to that of Polymer 1, but it is contrary for CL-20 and DNTF (except Polymer 2 on rigidity of DNTF). Moreover, Polymer 2-based interfacial crystals exhibit higher rigidity than Polymer 3-based interfacial crystals.
Anti-apoptotic peptide for long term cardioprotection in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Covinhes Aurélie , Gallot Laura , Barrère Christian , Vincent Anne , Sportouch Catherine , Piot Christophe , Lebleu Bernard , Nargeot Joël , Boisguérin Prisca , Barrère-Lemaire Stéphanie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReperfusion therapy during myocardial infarction (MI) leads to side effects called ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury for which no treatment exists. While most studies have targeted the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to prevent IR injury with no successful clinical translation, we evidenced recently the potent cardioprotective effect of the anti-apoptotic Tat-DAXXp (TD) peptide targeting the FAS-dependent extrinsic pathway. The aim of the present study was to evaluate TD long term cardioprotective effects against IR injury in a MI mouse model. TD peptide (1 mg/kg) was administered in mice subjected to MI (TD; n = 21), 5 min prior to reperfusion, and were clinically followed-up during 6 months after surgery. Plasma cTnI concentration evaluated 24 h post-MI was 70%-decreased in TD (n = 16) versus Ctrl (n = 20) mice (p***). Strain echocardiography highlighted a 24%-increase (p****) in the ejection fraction mean value in TD-treated (n = 12) versus Ctrl mice (n = 17) during the 6 month-period. Improved cardiac performance was associated to a 54%-decrease (p**) in left ventricular fibrosis at 6 months in TD (n = 16) versus Ctrl (n = 20). In conclusion, targeting the extrinsic pathway with TD peptide at the onset of reperfusion provided long-term cardioprotection in a mouse model of myocardial IR injury by improving post-MI cardiac performance and preventing cardiac remodeling.
Fast, large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) for macroscopic imaging with microscopic resolution of human skin
Authors: Fast Alexander , Lal Akarsh , Durkin Amanda F. , Lentsch Griffin , Harris Ronald M. , Zachary Christopher B. , Ganesan Anand K. , Balu Mihaela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce a compact, fast large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) system with enhanced molecular contrast for macroscopic imaging of human skin with microscopic resolution. A versatile imaging platform, FLAME combines optical and mechanical scanning mechanisms with deep learning image restoration to produce depth-resolved images that encompass sub-mm2 to cm2 scale areas of tissue within minutes and provide means for a comprehensive analysis of live or resected thick human skin tissue. The FLAME imaging platform, which expands on a design recently introduced by our group, also features time-resolved single photon counting detection to uniquely allow fast discrimination and 3D virtual staining of melanin. We demonstrate its performance and utility by fast ex vivo and in vivo imaging of human skin. With the ability to provide rapid access to depth resolved images of skin over cm2 area and to generate 3D distribution maps of key sub-cellular skin components such as melanocytic dendrites and melanin, FLAME is ready to be translated into a clinical imaging tool for enhancing diagnosis accuracy, guiding therapy and understanding skin biology.
Lineage tracing reveals evidence of a popliteal lymphatic muscle progenitor cell that is distinct from skeletal and vascular muscle progenitors
Authors: Kenney H. Mark , Bell Richard D. , Masters Elysia A. , Xing Lianping , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Schwarz Edward M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLoss of popliteal lymphatic vessel (PLV) contractions, which is associated with damage to lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), is a biomarker of disease progression in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Currently, the nature of LMC progenitors has yet to be formally described. Thus, we aimed to characterize the progenitors of PLV-LMCs during murine development, towards rational therapies that target their proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation onto PLVs. Since LMCs have been described as a hybrid phenotype of striated and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we performed lineage tracing studies in mice to further clarify this enigma by investigating LMC progenitor contribution to PLVs in neonatal mice. PLVs from Cre-tdTomato reporter mice specific for progenitors of skeletal myocytes (Pax7+ and MyoD+) and VSMCs (Prrx1+ and NG2+) were analyzed via whole mount immunofluorescent microscopy. The results showed that PLV-LMCs do not derive from skeletal muscle progenitors. Rather, PLV-LMCs originate from Pax7−/MyoD−/Prrx1+/NG2+ progenitors similar to VSMCs prior to postnatal day 10 (P10), and from a previously unknown Pax7−/MyoD−/Prrx1+/NG2− muscle progenitor pathway during development after P10. Future studies of these LMC progenitors during maintenance and repair of PLVs, along with their function in other lymphatic beds, are warranted.
Dynamin-2 R465W mutation induces long range perturbation in highly ordered oligomeric structures
Authors: Hinostroza Fernando , Neely Alan , Araya-Duran Ingrid , Marabolí Vanessa , Canan Jonathan , Rojas Maximiliano , Aguayo Daniel , Latorre Ramón , González-Nilo Fernando D. , Cárdenas Ana M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh order oligomers are crucial for normal cell physiology, and protein function perturbed by missense mutations underlies several autosomal dominant diseases. Dynamin-2 is one of such protein forming helical oligomers that catalyze membrane fission. Mutations in this protein, where R465W is the most frequent, cause dominant centronuclear myopathy, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning the functional modifications remain to be investigated. To unveil the structural impact of this mutation in dynamin-2, we used full-atom molecular dynamics simulations and coarse-grained models and built dimers and helices of wild-type (WT) monomers, mutant monomers, or both WT and mutant monomers combined. Our results show that the mutation R465W causes changes in the interactions with neighbor amino acids that propagate through the oligomer. These new interactions perturb the contact between monomers and favor an extended conformation of the bundle signaling element (BSE), a dynamin region that transmits the conformational changes from the GTPase domain to the rest of the protein. This extended configuration of the BSE that is only relevant in the helices illustrates how a small change in the microenvironment surrounding a single residue can propagate through the oligomer structures of dynamin explaining how dominance emerges in large protein complexes.
Optogenetic sleep enhancement improves fear-associated memory processing following trauma exposure in rats
Authors: Davis Christopher J. , Vanderheyden William M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSleep disturbances are commonly found in trauma-exposed populations. Additionally, trauma exposure results in fear-associated memory impairments. Given the interactions of sleep with learning and memory, we hypothesized that increasing sleep duration following trauma exposure would restore overall function and improve trauma-induced fear-associated memory dysfunction. Here, we utilized single prolonged stress, a validated rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder, in combination with optogenetic activation of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone containing cells to increase sleep duration. The goal of this work was to ascertain if post-trauma sleep increases are sufficient to improve fear-associated memory function. In our laboratory, optogenetic stimulation after trauma exposure was sufficient to increase REM sleep duration during both the Light and Dark Phase, whereas NREM sleep duration was only increased during the Dark Phase of the circadian day. Interestingly though, animals that received optogenetic stimulation showed significantly improved fear-associated memory processing compared to non-stimulated controls. These results suggest that sleep therapeutics immediately following trauma exposure may be beneficial and that post-trauma sleep needs to be further examined in the context of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Odor habituation can modulate very early olfactory event-related potential
Authors: Kim Kwangsu , Bae Jisub , Jin Youngsun , Moon Cheil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOdor habituation is a phenomenon that after repeated exposure to an odor, is characterized by decreased responses to it. The central nervous system is involved in odor habituation. To study odor habituation in humans, measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been widely used in the olfactory system and other sensory systems, because of their high temporal resolution. Most previous odor habituation studies have measured the olfactory ERPs of (200–800) ms. However, several studies have shown that the odor signal is processed in the central nervous system earlier than at 200 ms. For these reasons, we studied whether when odors were habituated, olfactory ERP within 200 ms of odors could change. To this end, we performed an odor habituation behavior test and electroencephalogram experiments. In the behavior test, under habituation conditions, odor intensity was significantly decreased. We found significant differences in the negative and positive potentials within 200 ms across the conditions, which correlated significantly with the results of the behavior test. We also observed that ERP latency depended on the conditions. Our study suggests that odor habituation can involve the olfactory ERP of odors within 200 ms in the brain.
Skin swabbing is a refined technique to collect DNA from model fish species
Authors: Tilley Ceinwen A. , Carreño Gutierrez Hector , Sebire Marion , Obasaju Oluwapelumi , Reichmann Florian , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Barber Iain , Norton William H. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModel fish species such as sticklebacks and zebrafish are frequently used in studies that require DNA to be collected from live animals. This is typically achieved by fin clipping, a procedure that is simple and reliable to perform but that can harm fish. An alternative procedure to sample DNA involves swabbing the skin to collect mucus and epithelial cells. Although swabbing appears to be less invasive than fin clipping, it still requires fish to be netted, held in air and handled—procedures that can cause stress. In this study we combine behavioural and physiological analyses to investigate changes in gene expression, behaviour and welfare after fin clipping and swabbing. Swabbing led to a smaller change in cortisol release and behaviour on the first day of analysis compared to fin clipping. It also led to less variability in data suggesting that fewer animals need to be measured after using this technique. However, swabbing triggered some longer term changes in zebrafish behaviour suggesting a delayed response to sample collection. Skin swabbing does not require the use of anaesthetics and triggers fewer changes in behaviour and physiology than fin clipping. It is therefore a more refined technique for DNA collection with the potential to improve fish health and welfare.