bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stratigraphic biography of an archaeological site. Timing depositional events
Authors: Andreaki Vasiliki , Barceló Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe stratigraphic sequence of an archaeological site constitutes its biography, which details what was deposited, when it was deposited, and how the deposition occurred. However, many current methods of recording archaeological stratigraphy do not allow for a full reconstruction of a site's biography. This paper introduces a theoretical framework for analysing a site's formation and deformation processes, emphasizing the integration of different temporal, spatial, geological, and archaeological information elements. This approach offers a way to study change and dynamics by deciphering successive episodes, depositional events, their temporal and causal ordering, and, when possible, the speed and rhythm of such depositions. The integration of micromorphological data and absolute dating can increase the chronological resolution of a site's biography by formally defining the temporal boundaries of depositional events. Additionally, the use of multidimensional geometric analysis of occupational floors and sedimentary volumes enhances the understanding of the complex relationships between stratigraphic depth and temporality. These tools enable archaeologists to create multidimensional visualizations, make inferences, and enhance interpretations of archaeological sites.
Comparative Effectiveness of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment Versus Apexification for Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth With or Without Apical Periodontitis: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Devi Pavithra , Sampath Svetha , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Tsilingaridis Georgios , Wikström Alina , Rahul Morankar , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimThe evidence related to the superiority of the recommended treatment protocols for necrotic immature permanent teeth is unclear. We aimed to compare the clinical, radiographic, and overall success rates of apexification and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET), assess the methodological quality, and assess the strength of evidence for outcomes.MethodsA search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The titles, abstracts and full texts of systematic reviews (SRs) comparing RET and apexification were screened. The quality and strength of evidence were analyzed via AMSTAR‐2, ROBIS, and modified Kohler's criteria.ResultsTwelve SRs were included, with nine having meta‐analytic outcomes. The quality of only one study was high, and the risk of bias was low in two studies. Comparable success and survival rates for RET and apexification, with no superiority of any treatment, were reported. RET was superior in stimulating root thickness and lengthening. Weak evidence was noted for a higher clinical and radiographic success rate of the apical plug technique and for root lengthening and an increase in root thickness in RET.ConclusionRET and apexification exhibited comparable success rates of > 85% across all domains. Most comparisons did not reveal significant differences in clinical, radiographic, or overall success. However, the quality of evidence was weak (class IV) for both outcomes, and the majority of systematic reviews exhibited low or critically low quality and high risk of bias.
Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles increase vascular permeability by inducing stress fiber formation and degrading vascular endothelial‐cadherin in endothelial cells
Authors: Mekata Mana , Yoshida Kaya , Takai Ayu , Hiroshima Yuka , Ikuta Ayu , Seyama Mariko , Yoshida Kayo , Ozaki Kazumi 
Published: December 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone bacterium associated with systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Pg have been implicated in systemic diseases by delivering Pg virulence factors to host cells in distant organs and inducing cellular dysfunction. Pg OMVs also have the potential to enter distant organs via the bloodstream. However, the effects of Pg OMVs on the vascular function are poorly understood. Here, we showed that Pg OMVs increase vascular permeability by promoting stress fiber formation and lysosome/endosome‐mediated vascular endothelial‐cadherin (VEc) degradation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). F‐actin, visualized via fluorescein isothiocyanate‐phalloidin, became thicker and longer, leading to the formation of radical stress fibers in response to Pg OMVs in HUVECs and HPMECs. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that Pg OMVs decreased VEc protein levels in a gene‐independent manner. Pg OMVs enhanced vesicular VEc accumulation in the cytoplasm around lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1‐positive structures during pretreatment with the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. This suggests that Pg OMVs decrease VEc protein levels by accelerating their internalization and degradation via lysosomes and endosomes. A27632 inhibition of Rho kinases impaired the Pg OMV‐induced stress fiber formation and VEc degradation, resulting in the recovery of hyperpermeability. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of systemic diseases that are associated with periodontal diseases.
Effect of Peening Media Type on the High‐Cycle Tensile–Tensile Fatigue Properties of Ti‐6Al‐4V Alloy by Ultrasonic Shot Peening
Authors: Si Chaorun , Song Zelin , Cao Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of ultrasonic shot peening (USP) on Ti‐6Al‐4V samples using cast steel and zirconia ceramic shots at the same intensity. The surface integrity of the samples before and after treatment was characterized, and tensile–tensile fatigue tests were conducted under various stress amplitudes to compare the improvements in fatigue performance. The mechanisms underlying the enhancement of fatigue properties were analyzed by examining microstructural changes and fracture morphologies. The results show that, compared to steel shot, zirconia ceramic shot leads to lower surface roughness, finer surface grains, and more significant work hardening and plastic deformation. These factors contribute to a more pronounced improvement in the fatigue performance under tension–tension loading of Ti‐6Al‐4V under USP treatment. The superior performance of ceramic shot can be attributed to low density combined with high hardness of the ceramic shot.
Fire frequency shapes diversity in multi‐guild communities through direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Tavella Julia , Carbone Lucas , Salvo Adriana , Bernaschini María Laura , Cagnolo Luciano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Human‐induced changes in fire regimes worldwide are leading to changes in the diversity and composition of plant and insect communities through alterations in vegetation and habitat characteristics. As species interact in complex networks, environmental disturbances, such as an increase in fire frequency, can affect species directly and indirectly through cascading effects across trophic levels.
This study examines the effects of fire frequency on multi‐guild communities in the Chaco region in Argentina, aiming to disentangle the direct and indirect pathways of influence between five different species groups: plants, phytophagous insects, ants, predators, and parasitoids.
We assess cross‐taxon congruence by analysing α and β diversity indices and performing a structural equation model and Procrustes tests, respectively, trying to elucidate the pathways of influence between fire frequency and the different guilds.
Multi‐guild communities responded to environmental changes produced by fire frequency via direct and indirect effects. Fire has both negative and positive, but weak indirect effects on predator richness through a bottom‐up cascading effect from plant richness across phytophagous insects and ants. However, when species relative abundances were considered, no effects have been observed on Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. A positive correlation between species composition of different guilds and fire frequency indicated congruence between connected guilds suggesting that changes in beta diversity propagate across all trophic chains.
Given an increase in fire frequency, changes posed to vegetation translated in weak changes via species richness but through pronounced effects on species composition across different trophic levels. Our findings emphasise the importance of a multi‐guild approach to understanding biodiversity responses to environmental changes, highlighting the complexity and intricate dynamics of ecological communities in fire‐prone ecosystems.
Second‐victim distress, organizational support, and interprofessional collaboration and posttraumatic growth in nurses
Authors: Shin Hyerine , Kim Ji‐Su , Chung Yoongi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence of second‐victim distress among nurses and the association of second‐victim distress, organizational support, and interprofessional collaboration with posttraumatic growth.BackgroundMedical errors are unavoidable in healthcare; however, when acknowledged and shared, they offer healthcare professionals an opportunity to learn and grow. Second‐victim distress arises from learning from mistakes but can be stressful for nurses, prompting some to leave the profession. Furthermore, poor management may foster a culture of reluctance to admit errors. Therefore, addressing nurses’ distress is crucial for posttraumatic growth and, ultimately, patient safety.MethodsThe participants were 435 nurses working in general or tertiary hospitals who completed an online survey. This cross‐sectional study followed the guidelines of the STROBE checklist. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to determine significant factors influencing posttraumatic growth.ResultsPhysical distress, interprofessional collaboration, colleague support, institutional support, nonwork‐related support, professional self‐efficacy, and the position of charge nurse significantly influenced posttraumatic growth. The regression model explained 32.2% of posttraumatic growth with isolation emerging as the most influential factor.ConclusionEncouraging cooperation among healthcare professionals, mitigating physical distress, and providing organizational support are necessary to galvanize posttraumatic growth. Interprofessional medical collaboration and prevention of nurse isolation may be crucial for converting second‐victim distress into posttraumatic growth.Implications for nursing and health policyCareful consideration of factors influencing posttraumatic growth is necessary to develop interventions that can enable nurses to overcome second‐victim distress and achieve higher‐level growth. If nurses can successfully transform second‐victim distress into posttraumatic growth, it will ultimately have a positive impact on patient safety and the quality of nursing care.
Why nurses discontinue practice in hospitals? Insights from a qualitative study
Authors: Bottega Michela , De Faveri Antonio Pio , Simeoni Marco , Danielis Matteo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo explore why registered nurses in Italy choose to resign from their positions in hospitals.BackgroundIn recent years, the work environment within hospitals has worsened, with increasing rates of burnout, stress, depression, compassion fatigue, and even suicide among nurses. This has prompted many nurses to either leave their current positions or exit the profession entirely. Previous research has indicated that nurse turnover, especially in hospital settings, poses a significant challenge for society and global healthcare, with insufficient nurse staffing associated with negative patient outcomes.MethodsThe study used a descriptive phenomenology design, conducting 30 semi‐structured interviews with nurses. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research have been followed in reporting the methods and findings.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 32.8 years, the average length of hospital work experience was 5.7 years, and the majority of the participants were female (n = 22). Thematic analysis revealed two main themes: individual factors, encompassing “quality‐of‐life threats” and “personal drive and ambitions”, and organizational factors, including “unsustainable working conditions” and “lack of support from employers.”Implication for health policyThere is an urgent need for an evidence‐based approach to quality improvement to increase nurses' well‐being in the workplace. Organizations aiming to retain nursing staff should prioritize strategies such as promoting work flexibility and addressing concerns related to work–life balance. Effective management engagement and implementation of flexible working arrangements are essential, along with the promotion of organizational values aligned with professionalism to combat negative perceptions of the nursing profession.
Unveiling and mapping polymorphs in fluorite Y2TiO5 using 4D‐STEM and unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Hershkovitz Eitan , Yoo Timothy , Pu Xiaofei , Bawane Kaustubh , Nakayama Tadachika , Suematsu Hisayuki , He Lingfeng , Kim Honggyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractY2TiO5 belongs to the Ln2TiO5 (Ln = lanthanide or Y) family of ceramic materials and exhibits a range of desirable material properties such as radiation tolerance, frustrated magnetism, and large dielectric constant. However, understanding the complex crystal structure of Y2TiO5 remains elusive, given that Y2TiO5 can adopt multiple polymorphs such as cubic, orthorhombic, and hexagonal phases within the lattice. In this work, we report a detailed structural analysis of Y2TiO5 using four‐dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with unsupervised machine learning. The pyrochlore nanodomains, characterized by the ordered arrangement of yttrium cations on the A site of their A2BO5 structure, are present within the matrix of a predominantly fluorite‐structured Y2TiO5 along with a third polymorph, the hexagonal phase. The pyrochlore phase is found to form 2 nm boundary regions around hexagonal phase stacking faults, highlighting the potential influence of the hexagonal phase on the occurrence and distribution of the pyrochlore phase. Lastly, we identify a unique pyrochlore phase with asymmetric arrangement of cation ordering along a single planar direction. Our findings provide invaluable insights into the possible mechanisms stabilizing pyrochlore nanodomains within the fluorite lattice of Y2TiO5.
A Novel Wave‐speed Mapping Method for Visualizing Accessory Pathways in Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
Authors: Sudo Koji , Kuroki Kenji , Asakawa Tetsuya , Nakagawa Kazuya , Asahina Chisa , Tanaka Yuya , Hasegawa Tomoaki , Aonuma Kazutaka , Sato Akira 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCatheter ablation (CA) is the first‐line treatment with a high success rate for patients with symptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, while three‐dimensional (3D) mapping systems enable the identification of accessory pathways (APs). We aimed to develop a novel mapping method using wave‐speed mapping (WSM) to determine AP locations and CA outcomes.Methods and ResultsThis study included 19 patients diagnosed with atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia. We compared local activation time (LAT) mapping and WSM, and analyzed the relationship between the “high‐speed islets” in WSM and successful ablation sites. Sixteen APs were located on the left, three on the septum, and one on the right side. The median number of mapping points and mapping time were 1451 points and 14.6 min, respectively. All 20 APs in the 19 patients were eliminated using “high‐speed islets” in WSM. Eleven APs (55%) were eliminated after the first ablation application. One patient with an anteroseptal AP close to the AV node underwent cryoablation to avoid an AV block. The AP width in the 3D mapping system was significantly narrower in WSM than in LAT mapping (5.8 ± 4.0 mm vs. 10.4 ± 3.2 mm, p < .001). One patient experienced an AP recurrence, successfully eliminated using WSM‐guided CA in a repeat procedure. During 13.1 ± 8.3 months of follow‐up, all patients remained free of any supraventricular tachycardias.ConclusionWSM is a novel mapping method for visualizing APs as “high‐speed islets” and guides a more precise ablation site than LAT mapping.
Does interest rate liberalization affect corporate debt structure?
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Zhang Linghao , Wu Kai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines how interest rate deregulation affects debt structure of Chinese listed firms through two quasi‐natural experiments: the cap removal (2002–2006) and floor removal (2011–2015). Following deregulation, risky firms increase short‐term debt while decreasing long‐term and total debt, whereas non‐risky firms exhibit opposite patterns. These changes are influenced by collateral requirements, industry cluster proximity, bank relationships, and ownership structure. The divergent outcomes reflect increased borrowing costs for risky firms and reduced costs for non‐risky firms due to enhanced banking competition. Post‐liberalization, risky firms face reduced risk exposure but increased asset‐liability mismatches, while experiencing declining growth prospects. Conversely, non‐risky firms demonstrate improved growth prospects and higher profitability with increased long‐term debt. These findings illuminate how banking sector liberalization shapes corporate financial strategies.
Unplanned Cesarean for Abnormal or Indeterminate Fetal Heart Tracing Varies Significantly by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Langen Elizabeth , Bourdeau Althea , Ems Jessi , Wilson‐Powers Eliza , Low Lisa Kane 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe US maternity care system achieves worse outcomes for birthing people identifying as Black versus White. Assessment of fetal well‐being in labor is an area of perinatal care subject to significant interobserver variability and therefore may be at particular risk of medical racism influencing care.MethodsStatewide collaborative quality initiative data, focused on decreasing the nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) cesarean birth rate, were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study to assess differences in cesarean birth for nonreassuring fetal status between birthing people identifying as Black compared with White. Generalized linear mixed modeling with hospital as a random intercept was used for multivariate analyses accounting for birthing people clustering within hospitals.ResultsBetween March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, 69,622 births were identified, 8291 (11.9%) of which were an unplanned cesarean with a primary indication of nonreassuring fetal heart tracing (cesarean for FHT). Race and ethnicity were significantly associated with a higher risk, after controlling for covariates: compared with White birthing people, birthing people of unknown race or ethnicity had 1.23 (95% CI 1.13‐1.35) and Asian Pacific Islander birthing people had 1.55 times the odds (95% CI 1.37‐1.76), whereas Black birthing people had 1.71 times the odds (95% CI 1.59‐1.83) of birthing via unplanned cesarean for FHT. In adjusted analysis, prepregnancy diabetes, positive COVID‐19 status at admission, elevated body mass index, and birthing in the Detroit Metro area were associated with cesarean for FHT. In an unplanned subgroup analysis of births within the Detroit Metro region, Black individuals remained significantly more likely to have an unplanned cesarean for FHT (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.48‐1.79).DiscussionAfter controlling for individual and hospital‐level factors, cesarean for FHT was more common among non‐Hispanic Black vs non‐Hispanic White birthing people in this statewide cohort of NTSV births.
Governing Transnational Commons: How International Treaties and Multi‐Stakeholder Organizations Shape Cooperation and Conflict
Authors: Joshi Amol M. , Antons David , Piening Erk P. , Dienhart Christina , Salge Torsten‐Oliver 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen common‐pool resources such as freshwater, clean air, and fisheries span national borders, the collective action problems encountered are particularly severe. This study explores the role of polycentric governance systems in overcoming these pressing problems, which frequently underlie global grand challenges. Integrating political economy and management research, we hypothesize about how two governance mechanisms – international treaties and multi‐stakeholder organizations – shape the likelihood of cooperation and conflict between countries. Leveraging unique, longitudinal data capturing interactions of countries bordering international river basins, our empirical analysis reveals two main findings. First, we find that the specification of multi‐stakeholder organizations enhances water‐related cooperation and reduces water conflict among countries, while the specification of international treaties enhances cooperation but does not affect conflict. Second, we find that leaving one of these governance mechanisms less specified than the other actually improves, rather than harms, relationships between countries. Our findings point to a superior governance configuration that simultaneously enhances cooperation and constrains conflict. This configuration combines: (1) treaties that establish property rights but leave procedural rules and uncertainty management provisions less established with (2) multi‐stakeholder organizations that define processes for making decisions, sharing information, engaging the public, and resolving disputes.
Norms and Efficiency in a Multi‐Group Society: An Online Experiment
Authors: Catola Marco , D'Alessandro Simone , Guarnieri Pietro , Pizziol Veronica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we measure personal normative beliefs, empirical expectations, and normative expectations in a multilevel public goods game, where two local public goods are nested in a global one. We use these measures as indexes of subjective personal and social norms to pursue a twofold objective. On the one hand, we aim to understand whether and to what extent contribution decisions are driven by personal or social norms. On the other hand, we aim to investigate whether changes in the relative efficiency of the two public goods affect norms and norm compliance. In our online experiment, personal norms emerge as the main driver of contribution decisions especially when the efficiency of the related public good increases. However, compliance to empirical expectations signals that social norms still play a role in both positively affecting the contribution to the relative public good and negatively the contribution to the other one.