bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing alternatives in decision problems
Authors: Colorni Alberto , Tsoukiàs Alexis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenerating alternatives for decision problems is a critical activity regularly underestimated and underdeveloped in the decision analysis literature. We present a survey showing how little this topic has been studied in the last 50 years. We then introduce a general framework under which formalize the design of alternatives. Two examples help to understand our point of view: alternatives are generated through separation of attributes describing the value space of the client/decision maker.
Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics
Authors: Finke Hannah , Winkelbeiner Nicola , Lossow Kristina , Hertel Barbara , Wandt Viktoria K. , Schwarz Maria , Pohl Gabriele , Kopp Johannes F. , Ebert Franziska , Kipp Anna P. , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScope: Trace element (TE) deficiencies often occur accumulated, as nutritional intake is inadequate for several TEs, concurrently. Therefore, the impact of a suboptimal supply of iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium on the TE status, health parameters, epigenetics, and genomic stability in mice are studied.Methods and results: Male mice receive reduced or adequate amounts of TEs for 9 weeks. The TE status is analyzed mass‐spectrometrically in serum and different tissues. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of TE biomarkers are assessed with focus on liver. Iron concentrations are most sensitive toward a reduced supply indicated by increased serum transferrin levels and altered hepatic expression of iron‐related genes. Reduced TE supply results in smaller weight gain but higher spleen and heart weights. Additionally, inflammatory mediators in serum and liver are increased together with hepatic genomic instability. However, global DNA (hydroxy)methylation is unaffected by the TE modulation.Conclusion: Despite homeostatic regulation of most TEs in response to a low intake, this condition still has substantial effects on health parameters. It appears that the liver and immune system react particularly sensitive toward changes in TE intake. The reduced Fe status might be the primary driver for the observed effects.
An unsupervised hierarchical approach for automatic intra‐retinal cyst segmentation in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Ganjee Razieh , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen , Nourinia Ramin 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIntra‐retinal cyst (IRC) is a symptom of macular disorders that occurs due to retinal blood vessel damage and fluid leakage to the macula area. These abnormalities are efficiently visualized using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. These patients need to be regularly monitored for the presence and changes of IRC regions. Thus, automatic segmentation of IRCs can be beneficial to investigate disease progression.MethodsIn this study, automatic IRC segmentation is accomplished by building three different masks in three unsupervised segmentation levels of a hierarchical framework. In the first level, the ROI‐mask (R‐mask) is built, and the retina area is cropped based on this mask. In the second level, the prune‐mask (P‐mask) is built, and the searching space is significantly reduced toward the target objects using this mask; and finally in the third level, by applying the Markov random field (MRF) model and employing intensity and contextual information, the cyst mask (C‐mask) is extracted.ResultsThe proposed method is evaluated on three datasets including OPTIMA, UMN, and KERMANY datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is effective with a mean dice coefficient rate of 0.74, 0.75 and 0.79 by the intersection of ground truths on the OPTIMA, UMN and KERMANY datasets, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods on the OPTIMA and UMN datasets while achieving comparable results to the most recently proposed method on the KERMANY dataset.
Hatchery Rearing of Lake Sturgeon to Age 1 Prior to Stocking: A Path Forward for Species Recovery in the Upper Nelson River, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: McDougall Craig A. , Nelson Patrick A. , Aiken James K. , Burnett Duncan C. , Barth Cameron C. , MacDonell Donald S. , Michaluk Yhana , Klassen Cheryl N. , Macdonald Don 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The release of hatchery-reared age-0 Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens has proven sufficient to re-establish mid-latitude populations, but there was minimal evidence of poststocking survival in the functionally extirpated population of the upper Nelson River, Manitoba, until the practice of rearing fish to age 1 in the hatchery began in 2007. After 5 years of poststocking monitoring (2012–2016), mark–recapture data sets have yielded important information regarding survival, dispersal shortly after stocking, post-establishment movement and emigration, and growth, clarifying a path forward for Lake Sturgeon recovery initiatives in this system. Based on Cormack–Jolly–Seber models, mean cohort-specific apparent survival (i.e., consolidated survival and retention of fish within the reach) for Lake Sturgeon reared to age 1 in the hatchery from the time of stocking until the period of post-first-winter recapture in the wild (predominantly at age 2) was estimated to range from 0.08 (95% CI = 0.06–0.11) to 0.49 (95% CI = 0.41–0.56); dispersal occurring shortly after stocking was identified as at least partially influential. In the years after poststocking establishment (i.e., age 2 and older), apparent survival of the fish that established in the primary reach was estimated at 0.99–1.00, indicative of negligible mortality and negligible emigration. The stocked Lake Sturgeon exhibited growth patterns similar to (or even outpacing) those of wild populations occupying comparable habitats in Manitoba. Moreover, data indicate that growth trajectories set early in life persist throughout the juvenile stage. The results of upper Nelson River poststocking monitoring provide quantitative support for a stocking strategy predicated on rearing Lake Sturgeon over winter in the hatchery followed by release at age 1 during spring, thus striking a balance between high poststocking survival and moderate hatchery rearing costs.
Brain functional network alterations caused by a strong desire to void in healthy adults: a graph theory analysis study
Authors: Pang Dongqing , Gao Yi , Liao Limin , Ying Xiaoqian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThis resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study determined the functional connectivity (FC) changes and topologic property alterations of the brain functional network provoked by a strong desire to void in healthy adults using a graph theory analysis (GTA).Materials and methodsThirty‐four healthy, right‐handed subjects filled their bladders by drinking water. The subjects were scanned under an empty bladder and a strong desire to void states. The Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among 90 brain regions in the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas to construct the brain functional network. A paired t test (P < .05, after false discovery rate [FDR] correction) was used to detect significant differences in the FC, topologic properties (small‐world parameters [gamma, sigma], Cp, Lp, Eglob, Eloc, and Enodal) between the two states in all subjects.ResultsBoth the two states showed small‐world network properties. The clustering coefficient (Cp) and local efficiency (Eloc) in the whole brain network decreased, while the FC within the default mode network (DMN) increased during the strong desire to void compared with the empty bladder state. Moreover, an increased nodal efficiency (Enodal) was detected in the basal ganglia (BG), DMN, sensorimotor‐related network (SMN), and visual network (VN).ConclusionWe detected FC changes and topologic property alterations in brain functional networks caused by a strong desire to void in healthy and suggest that the micturition control may be a process dominated by DMN and coordinated by multiple sub‐networks (such as, BG, SMN, and VN), which could serve as a baseline for understanding the pathologic process underlying bladder dysfunction and be useful to improve targeted therapy in the future.
Social networks and seafood sustainability governance: Exploring the relationship between social capital and the performance of fishery improvement projects
Authors: Packer Helen , Schmidt Jörn , Bailey Megan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the early 2000s, the sustainable seafood movement put forward the concept of fishery improvement projects (FIP), a structured multi‐stakeholder approach to address environmental challenges in a fishery and aims to use the power of the market to incentivize change.The intent of the FIP model is to allow fisheries that currently do not meet the MSC standard to maintain market access while working on credible improvements. As such, FIPs have become a widely promoted approach to sustainable fisheries and have proliferated around the globe.Based on recent research assessing the impact of FIPs and testing various FIP attributes and their link to FIP performance, it seems that the FIP model may be delivering on its promise overall. However, the impact of FIP are at best based correlation rather than causation, with only few FIP attributes having been measured consistently over a significant period of time.In this theoretical contribution, we bring attention to one attribute of FIPs: the structure of their social network and its implication for social capital and successful collective action.We start by describing FIPs as projects located at the intersection of environmental governance networks and value chain network governance. Secondly, we demonstrate FIPs as complex social networks and the link between network attributes and FIP progress through the concept of social capital. Thirdly, we present the method of social network analysis and relevant network attributes to understand and characterize how FIPs work better. Finally, we suggest opportunities for further research and integration of this approach in planning and designing FIPs.Through this work, we wish to bring attention to one type of FIP attributes that is currently not explicitly being taken into account to current FIP practitioner and researchers.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Nasal high‐frequency percussive ventilation vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure in newborn infants respiratory distress: A cross over clinical trial
Authors: Renesme Laurent , Dumas de la Roque Eric , Germain Christine , Chevrier Agnès , Rebola Muriel , Cramaregeas Sophie , Benard Antoine , Elleau Christophe , Tandonnet Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if nasal high‐frequency percussive ventilation (nHFPV) to manage neonatal respiratory distress decreases the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) compared to nasal continous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).Study DesignA prospective, randomized, monocentric, open‐label, noninferiority crossover trial. Newborns of gestational age (GA) ≥ 33 weeks exhibiting persistent respiratory distress after 10 minutes of life were treated with nHFPV and nCPAP, in succession and in random order. The primary endpoint was the mean rScO2, as revealed by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).ResultsForty‐nine newborns were randomized; the mean GA and birth weight was 36.4 ± 1.9 weeks and 2718 ± 497 g. The mean rScO2 difference during the last 5 minutes of each ventilation mode (nHFPV minus nCPAP) was –0.7 ± 5.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) –2.25; 0.95%).ConclusionIn our study on newborns of GA ≥33 weeks treated for respiratory distress, cerebral oxygenation via nHFPV was not inferior to nCPAP.
Enhancing care for individuals with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Kapnadak Siddhartha G. , Ramos Kathleen J. , Dellon Elisabeth P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile remarkable advances in cystic fibrosis (CF) care have led to improvements in survival and quality of life, many individuals with CF are living with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease (ACFLD) and others will face continued disease progression and its associated complex treatments and choices. This review will provide a summary of recently published guidelines for ACFLD care and lung transplant referral and highlight ongoing work to enhance the care of those with ACFLD through improvements in medical and psychosocial care, palliative care, and care around lung transplantation.
Distributed H∞ containment control of multiagent systems over switching topologies with communication time delay
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Yun , Guo Shixin , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, we consider the problem of distributed H∞ containment control for multiagent systems over switching communication topologies. There exists a constant time‐delay and the energy‐bounded communication disturbances in the information transmission process, which are considered. Using the relative output, we develop an observer‐based containment control scheme such that the followers asymptotically converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders with a guaranteed H∞ performance level. By constructing a Lyapunov functional and using the inequality technique, sufficient conditions for the existence of such dynamic controllers are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component Reactions: Recent Advances and Perspectives in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Susan Treesa G. S. , Neetha Mohan , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review focuses on the recent achievements in the field of cobalt‐catalyzed multi‐component reactions that could access a wide range of acyclic compounds, carbocyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. Multi‐component reactions (MCRs) gained significant interest in organic synthesis since they could be utilized to achieve complex products from readily available starting materials in an environment‐friendly manner. This review covers the literature up to 2019 and is the first one that emphasizes on cobalt‐catalyzed one‐pot multi‐component reactions.
Synthetic CXCR4 Antagonistic Peptide Assembling with Nanoscaled Micelles Combat Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Meng Jie , Ge Yangyang , Xing Haiyan , Wei Hui , Xu Shilin , Liu Jian , Yan Doudou , Wen Tao , Wang Min , Fang Xiaocui , Ma Lilusi , Yang Yanlian , Wang Chen , Wang Jianxiang , Xu Haiyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukemia with very low survival rate due to drug resistance and high relapse rate. The C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is highly expressed by AML cells, actively mediating chemoresistance and reoccurrence. Herein, a chemically synthesized CXCR4 antagonistic peptide E5 is fabricated to micelle formulation (M‐E5) and applied to refractory AML mice, and its therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics are investigated. Results show that M‐E5 can effectively block the surface CXCR4 in leukemic cells separated from bone marrow (BM) and spleen, and inhibit the C‐X‐C chemokine ligand 12‐mediated migration. Subcutaneous administration of M‐E5 significantly inhibits the engraftment of leukemic cells in spleen and BM, and mobilizes residue leukemic cells into peripheral blood, reducing organs’ burden and significantly prolonging the survival of AML mice. M‐E5 can also increase the efficacy of combining regime of homoharringtonine and doxorubicin. Ribonucleic acid sequencing demonstrates that the therapeutic effect is contributed by inhibiting proliferation and enhancing apoptosis and differentiation, all related to the CXCR4 signaling blockade. M‐E5 reaches the concentration peak at 2 h after administration with a half‐life of 14.5 h in blood. In conclusion, M‐E5 is a novel promising therapeutic candidate for refractory AML treatment.
Subleading power resummation of rapidity logarithms: the energy-energy correlator in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Moult Ian , Vita Gherardo , Yan Kai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We derive and solve renormalization group equations that allow for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms. Our equations involve operator mixing into a new class of operators, which we term the “rapidity identity operators”, that will generically appear at subleading power in problems involving both rapidity and virtuality scales. To illustrate our formalism, we analytically solve these equations to resum the power suppressed logarithms appearing in the back-to-back (double light cone) limit of the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC) in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills. These logarithms can also be extracted to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^3\right) $$
O

α
s
3

from a recent perturbative calculation, and we find perfect agreement to this order. Instead of the standard Sudakov exponential, our resummed result for the subleading power logarithms is expressed in terms of Dawson’s integral, with an argument related to the cusp anomalous dimension. We call this functional form “Dawson’s Sudakov”. Our formalism is widely applicable for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms in other more phenomenologically relevant observables, such as the EEC in QCD, the pT spectrum for color singlet boson production at hadron colliders, and the resummation of power suppressed logarithms in the Regge limit.
The hidden geometry of particle collisions
Authors: Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We establish that many fundamental concepts and techniques in quantum field theory and collider physics can be naturally understood and unified through a simple new geometric language. The idea is to equip the space of collider events with a metric, from which other geometric objects can be rigorously defined. Our analysis is based on the energy mover’s distance, which quantifies the “work” required to rearrange one event into another. This metric, which operates purely at the level of observable energy flow information, allows for a clarified definition of infrared and collinear safety and related concepts. A number of well-known collider observables can be exactly cast as the minimum distance between an event and various manifolds in this space. Jet definitions, such as exclusive cone and sequential recombination algorithms, can be directly derived by finding the closest few-particle approximation to the event. Several area- and constituent-based pileup mitigation strategies are naturally expressed in this formalism as well. Finally, we lift our reasoning to develop a precise distance between theories, which are treated as collections of events weighted by cross sections. In all of these various cases, a better understanding of existing methods in our geometric language suggests interesting new ideas and generalizations.
Sparse modeling approach to obtaining the shear viscosity from smeared correlation functions
Authors: Itou Etsuko , Nagai Yuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose the sparse modeling method to estimate the spectral function from the smeared correlation functions. We give a description of how to obtain the shear viscosity from the correlation function of the renormalized energy-momentum tensor (EMT) measured by the gradient flow method (C (t, τ )) for the quenched QCD at finite temperature. The measurement of the renormalized EMT in the gradient flow method reduces a statistical uncertainty thanks to its property of the smearing. However, the smearing breaks the sum rule of the spectral function and the over-smeared data in the correlation function may have to be eliminated from the analyzing process of physical observables. In this work, we demonstrate the sparse modeling analysis in the intermediate-representation basis (IR basis), which connects between the Matsubara frequency data and real frequency data. It works well even using very limited data of C (t, τ ) only in the fiducial window of the gradient flow. We utilize the ADMM algorithm which is useful to solve the LASSO problem under some constraints. We show that the obtained spectral function reproduces the input smeared correlation function at finite flow-time. Several systematic and statistical errors and the flow-time dependence are also discussed.
Interfaces and the extended Hilbert space of Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Fliss Jackson R. , Leigh Robert G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The low energy effective field theories of (2 + 1) dimensional topological phases of matter provide powerful avenues for investigating entanglement in their ground states. In [1] the entanglement between distinct Abelian topological phases was investigated through Abelian Chern-Simons theories equipped with a set of topological boundary conditions (TBCs). In the present paper we extend the notion of a TBC to non-Abelian Chern-Simons theories, providing an effective description for a class of gapped interfaces across non-Abelian topological phases. These boundary conditions furnish a defining relation for the extended Hilbert space of the quantum theory and allow the calculation of entanglement directly in the gauge theory. Because we allow for trivial interfaces, this includes a generic construction of the extended Hilbert space in any (compact) Chern-Simons theory quantized on a Riemann surface. Additionally, this provides a constructive and principled definition for the Hilbert space of effective ground states of gapped phases of matter glued along gapped interfaces. Lastly, we describe a generalized notion of surgery, adding a powerful tool from topological field theory to the gapped interface toolbox.
On Sharpness of Error Bounds for Univariate Approximation by Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks
Authors: Goebbels Steffen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new non-linear variant of a quantitative extension of the uniform boundedness principle is used to show sharpness of error bounds for univariate approximation by sums of sigmoid and ReLU functions. Single hidden layer feedforward neural networks with one input node perform such operations. Errors of best approximation can be expressed using moduli of smoothness of the function to be approximated (i.e., to be learned). In this context, the quantitative extension of the uniform boundedness principle indeed allows to construct counterexamples that show approximation rates to be best possible. Approximation errors do not belong to the little-o class of given bounds. By choosing piecewise linear activation functions, the discussed problem becomes free knot spline approximation. Results of the present paper also hold for non-polynomial (and not piecewise defined) activation functions like inverse tangent. Based on Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension, first results are shown for the logistic function.