bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution and the Dynamic Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory in Oldest‐Old Women
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Younan Diana , Wang Xinhui , Beavers Daniel P. , Espeland Mark A. , Gatz Margaret , Gruenewald Tara L. , Kaufman Joel D. , Chui Helena C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Resnick Susan M. , Wellenius Gregory A. , Whitsel Eric A. , Widaman Keith , Chen Jiu‐Chiuan 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESExposure to air pollution may contribute to both increasing depressive symptoms and decreasing episodic memory in older adulthood, but few studies have examined this hypothesis in a longitudinal context. Accordingly, we examined the association between air pollution and changes in depressive symptoms (DS) and episodic memory (EM) and their interrelationship in oldest‐old (aged 80 and older) women.DESIGNProspective cohort data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study‐Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes.SETTINGGeographically diverse community‐dwelling population.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,583 dementia‐free women aged 80 and older.MEASUREMENTSWomen completed up to six annual memory assessments (latent composite of East Boston Memory Test and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) and the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). We estimated 3‐year average exposures to regional particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.35 μg/m3) and gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (IQR = 9.55 ppb) at baseline and during a remote period 10 years earlier, using regionalized national universal kriging.RESULTSLatent change structural equation models examined whether residing in areas with higher pollutant levels was associated with annual changes in standardized EM and DS while adjusting for potential confounders. Remote NO2 (β = .287 per IQR; P = .002) and PM2.5 (β = .170 per IQR; P = .019) exposure was significantly associated with larger increases in standardized DS, although the magnitude of the difference, less than 1 point on the GDS‐15, is of questionable clinical significance. Higher DS were associated with accelerated EM declines (β = −.372; P = .001), with a significant indirect effect of remote NO2 and PM2.5 exposure on EM declines mediated by DS. There were no other significant indirect exposure effects.CONCLUSIONThese findings in oldest‐old women point to potential adverse effects of late‐life exposure to air pollution on subsequent interplay between DS and EM, highlighting air pollution as an environmental health risk factor for older women.
LRRK2 at the pre‐synaptic site: A 16‐years perspective
Authors: Pischedda Francesca , Piccoli Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder and is clinically characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Missense mutations in the leucine‐rich repeat protein kinase‐2 gene (LRRK2) are a recognized cause of inherited Parkinson's disease. The physiological and pathological impact of LRRK2 is still obscure, but accumulating evidence indicates that LRRK2 orchestrates diverse aspects of membrane trafficking, such as membrane fusion and vesicle formation and transport along actin and tubulin tracks. In the present review, we focus on the special relation between LRRK2 and synaptic vesicles. LRRK2 binds and phosphorylates key actors within the synaptic vesicle cycle. Accordingly, alterations in dopamine and glutamate transmission have been described upon LRRK2 manipulations. However, the different modeling strategies and phenotypes observed require a critical approach to decipher the outcome of LRRK2 at the pre‐synaptic site.
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Mulberroside A repairs high fructose diet‐induced damage of intestinal epithelial and blood–brain barriers in mice: A potential for preventing hippocampal neuroinflammatory injury
Authors: Yu Rong , Wen Shiyu , Wang Qiaona , Wang Congying , Zhang Liping , Wu Xingxin , Li Jianmei , Kong Lingdong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur previous studies showed that high fructose diet (HFrD)‐driven gut dysbiosis caused fecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction and intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) damage in mice, which might play an important role in hippocampal neuroinflammatory injury. Mulberroside A is reported to have neuroprotective effects in animal experiments, while the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether and how mulberroside A prevented HFrD‐induced neuroinflammatory injury. HFrD‐fed mice were treated orally with mulberroside A (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Mulberroside A was found to inhibit hippocampal neuroinflammation and neurogenesis reduction in HFrD‐fed mice. It reshaped gut dysbiosis, increased fecal and serum SCFAs contents, reactivated signaling of the colonic NLR family, pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome, and up‐regulated Muc2 expression to prevent IEB damage, as well as subsequently, reduced serum endotoxin levels in this animal model. Additionally, mulberroside A inhibited oxidative stress in colon of HFrD‐fed mice and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐stimulated Caco‐2 cells. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) structure defects were also observed in HFrD‐driven hippocampal neuroinflammatory injury of mice. Interestingly, mulberroside A maintained astrocyte morphology and up‐regulated tight junction proteins to repair BBB structure defects in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG). Our results demonstrated that mulberroside A was capable of preventing HFrD‐induced damage of IEB and BBB in mice, which might contribute to the suppression of hippocampal neuroinflammatory injury.
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Relationship between acne and the use of cosmetics: Results of a questionnaire study in 539 Korean individuals
Authors: Suh Dong‐Hye , Oh Haneul , Lee Sang Jun , Kim Hyun Joo , Ryu Hwa Jung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases, and it is known that various factors are related to triggering this condition in a patient. In particular, although the use of cosmetics is thought to be associated with the onset of a patient developing acne, there are few studies that have been conducted to date on this disease and its related factors.MethodsTo begin with, a total of 539 patients with acne vulgaris, who visited three dermatologic clinics in Korea, were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their condition in relation to clinical features and exacerbating factors, including the use of cosmetics. The patients all provided an accurate acne treatment history as well.ResultsAmong the respondents, 38.1% of patients who failed treatment answered that the condition of their acne was worsened by the continued use of cosmetics, which was significantly higher than 26.3% of the surveyed treatment‐naive patients (P < .05). In this relation, double cleansing (cleansing twice using oil and water‐based cleanser) and the number of cosmetics in use were also noted in higher numbers than in the treatment‐failure patients. As noted, the liquid‐type foundation and concealer were frequently used in this group.ConclusionsThis study showed the influence of cosmetics, especially in acne patients with a history of treatment failures. These results also show differences according to specific cosmetic types and formulations. Therefore, overall dermatologists should consider advising about cosmetic use to acne patients along with medical treatment options for the patients with acne.
Obstetric management of a patient with Andersen–Tawil syndrome: A case report
Authors: Inagaki Mai , Tatsumi Takayuki , Yomogita Hiroshi , Hirose Asuka , Kubo Takuyuki , Sekiguchi Masaki , Miyasaka Naoyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAndersen–Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare hereditary long QT syndrome type 7 caused by a missense mutation in the KCNJ2 gene. ATS is characterized by ventricular arrhythmia, periodic limb paralysis and minor external malformations. Although only three reports of pregnant women with Andersen–Tawil syndrome have been reported to date, no exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmia was observed from pre‐partum to delivery in all cases compared to that before pregnancy, and it was suggested that the risk of arrhythmic events from pre‐partum to delivery is not high. Unlike these previous reports, we herein present a case of Andersen–Tawil syndrome in which ventricular arrhythmias increased and sustained ventricular tachycardia was developed during labor progression. We also advise caution that pregnant patients with Andersen–Tawil syndrome may have varying times of exacerbation of the arrhythmia, and ventricular arrhythmias may be associated with painful uterine contractions.
The Changing Nature and Patterns of Traditional Marriage Practices among the Owerre‐Igbo, a Subgroup of the Igbo of Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nwoko Kenneth Chukwuemeka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research investigates the changing nature and patterns as well as the social construct of traditional marriage and practices among the Owerre‐Igbo of Southeast Nigeria. In particular, it investigates the practice of heterosexual marriage, woman‐to‐woman marriage, child marriage, and the dynamics of bride price. It also analyses the eclectics that has come to characterise Igbo traditional marriages especially the plethora of cultural borrowings that have become features of Igbo traditional marriage practices in recent times. The research investigates how this acculturation has shaped the contemporary social construct of marriage as well as how it articulates with continuities and changes in Owerre‐Igbo social organization. The research found out that these changes were brought about by three major factors; (1) the extensive contacts which the Owerre‐Igbo have had with other ethnic groups, (2) the influence of Christianity and Western education, and (3) occupational influence.
Oral health‐related quality of life in patients with disc displacement with reduction after counselling treatment versus counselling associated with jaw exercises
Authors: Magesty Rafael Alvim , da Silva Mayara Aparecida Moreira , Simões Carolina Antunes Santa Cecília , Falci Saulo Gabriel Moreira , Douglas‐de‐Oliveira Dhelfeson Willya , Gonçalves Patrícia Furtado , Flecha Olga Dumont 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of treatment (counselling programme versus counselling programme plus jaw exercises) to improve the quality of life of patients with disc displacement with reduction (DDWR).Materials and MethodsPatients were divided into two groups. The test group received guidelines for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) plus jaw exercises for DDWR, and the control group received only guidelines for TMD. The total number of investigated patients was 70, thus 35 per group. The oral health‐related quality of life was assessed by the OHIP‐14 questionnaire. Both groups were evaluated at the baseline and 30 days post‐treatment.ResultsIn the counselling group, there was statistically significant decrease in pain (P = .015) and social disability (P = .046) subscales. In the counselling plus jaw exercise group, there was statistically significant decrease in all subscales (P < .05). At 30 days follow‐up, there was a statically significant difference between the two groups in pain (P = .004), psychological discomfort (P < .001), psychological disability (P < .001) and social disability (P = .029) subscales.ConclusionThe counselling programme plus jaw exercise protocol showed greater improvement in oral health‐related quality of life than the group performing only the counselling programme in patients with DDWR.
Deletion of ferritin H in neurons counteracts the protective effect of melatonin against traumatic brain injury‐induced ferroptosis
Authors: Rui Tongyu , Wang Haochen , Li Qianqian , Cheng Ying , Gao Yuan , Fang Xuexian , Ma Xuying , Chen Guang , Gao Cheng , Gu Zhiya , Song Shunchen , Zhang Jian , Wang Chunling , Wang Zufeng , Wang Tao , Zhang Mingyang , Min Junxia , Chen Xiping , Tao Luyang , Wang Fudi , Luo Chengliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis may be important in the pathophysiological process of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As a major hormone of the pineal gland, melatonin exerts many beneficial effects on TBI, but there is no information regarding the effects of melatonin on ferroptosis after TBI. As expected, TBI resulted in the time‐course changes of ferroptosis‐related molecules expression and iron accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Importantly, we found that treating with melatonin potently rescued TBI induced the changes mentioned above and improved functional deficits versus vehicle. Similar results were obtained with a ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin‐1. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin is likely dependent on melatonin receptor 1B (MT2). Although ferritin plays a vital role in iron metabolism by storing excess cellular iron, its precise function in the brain, and whether it involves melatonin's neuroprotection remain unexplored. Considering ferritin H (Fth) is expressed predominantly in the neurons and global loss of Fth in mice induces early embryonic lethality, we then generated neuron‐specific Fth conditional knockout (Fth‐KO) mice, which are viable and fertile but have altered iron metabolism. In addition, Fth‐KO mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis after TBI, and the neuroprotection by melatonin was largely abolished in Fth‐KO mice. In vitro siFth experiments further confirmed the results mentioned above. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin produces cerebroprotection, at least partly by inhibiting neuronal Fth‐mediated ferroptosis following TBI, supporting the notion that melatonin is an excellent ferroptosis inhibitor and its anti‐ferroptosis provides a potential therapeutic target for treating TBI.
Effects of natural and anthropogenic features on functional connectivity of anurans: a review of landscape genetics studies in temperate, subtropical and tropical species
Authors: Covarrubias S. , González C. , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHabitat loss, overexploitation, the presence of invasive species, climate change and the proliferation of diseases continue to put at risk anuran species that represent 90% of all amphibians. Biphasic life cycle, habitat specialization to oviposit and forage, low dispersal abilities, and permeable skin make anurans particularly susceptible to the effect of landscape composition and configuration on their capacity to move through the landscape (connectivity). Limited connectivity can result in reduced gene flow, low genetic variation and high genetic structuring. Therefore, identifying landscape elements that promote or limit the dispersal of anurans is fundamental to propose conservation plans that allow maintaining areas that enhance connectivity to assure the evolutionary potential of the species by preserving genetic diversity. Here, we reviewed studies evaluating the effect of natural and anthropogenic elements of the landscape on gene flow across temperate, tropical and subtropical landscapes. Our results suggest that roads have the strongest negative effect on connectivity resistance in anurans from temperate regions. Urbanization, fragmentation, and land cover change into agriculture and grasslands are other anthropogenic landscape elements that provide resistance to connectivity in anurans worldwide. In temperate and tropical regions, rivers are the most important natural element negatively affecting connectivity, having a stronger effect in the tropics. Contrary, streams and forests cover promote connectivity in all regions. We provide a review of the growing progress of landscape genetics in this group of vulnerable organisms and highlight the importance of considering this research field for the conservation of the threatened ecosystems that anurans inhabit.
Geometric morphometrics to distinguish the cryptic species Anopheles minimus and An. harrisoni in malaria hot spot villages, western Thailand
Authors: Chatpiyaphat K. , Sumruayphol S. , Dujardin J.‐P. , Samung Y. , Phayakkaphon A. , Cui L. , Ruangsittichai J. , Sungvornyothin S. , Sattabongkot J. , Sriwichai P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnopheles minimus Theobald 1901 and An. harrisoni Harbach & Manguin 2007 belong to the same species complex. They are morphologically similar and can exist in sympatry but have blood host preferences. The most accurate method for their identification is based on molecular techniques. Here, we measure the level of interspecific discrimination by geometric morphometry. Sixty‐seven An. minimus and 22 An. harrisoni specimens were selected based on their morphological integrity and confirmed by identification polymerase chain reaction of internal transcribed spacer 2. These samples were used as reference data allowing for a morphometric identification based on geometric shape. Despite size overlap between the two species, there was a significant shape divergence allowing for differentiation of An. minimus and An. harrisoni with 90% accuracy. An intraspecific study of An. minimus showed a summer period associated to the reducing of wing size, which did not influence the shape‐based differentiation of An. harrisoni. Wing venation geometry can be used to distinguish between these cryptic species mainly based on shaped divergence. This study suggests that geometric morphometrics represent a convenient low‐cost method to complement morphological identification, especially concerning damaged specimens, i.e., insects having accidentally lost the anatomical features allowing a reliable morphological identification.
Effects of transient acute kidney injury, persistent acute kidney injury and acute kidney disease on the long‐term renal prognosis after an initial acute kidney injury event
Authors: Nagata Keitaro , Horino Taro , Hatakeyama Yutaka , Matsumoto Tatsuki , Terada Yoshio , Okuhara Yoshiyasu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo clarify the effects of the duration of acute damage and/or loss of renal function following an acute kidney injury event on the renal prognosis after recovery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data collected between 1995 and 2016 from the Kochi Medical School Hospital. Patients were stratified according to the time required for recovery with fluid therapy (expected to reflect the presence of renal dysfunction): ≤2 days after onset, transient injury group (n = 491); 3 to 7 days after onset, persistent injury group (n = 1076); and ≥ 8 days after onset, acute kidney disease group (n = 1046). The healthy group comprised 1000 randomly selected adult patients without acute kidney injury with at least two creatinine measurement results during the study. Survival time was defined as the time from recovery to a 30% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (primary endpoint). Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted.ResultsEvent incidence rates were higher for the transient injury, persistent injury and acute kidney disease groups than for the healthy group. Persistent injury and acute kidney disease presented a higher risk of renal function decline than transient injury following recovery.ConclusionTransient acute kidney injury, persistent acute kidney injury and acute kidney disease resulted in functional decline and rapid chronic kidney disease progression risks despite recovery. Transient acute kidney injury recovery within 2 days could be associated with better long‐term prognoses than persistent acute kidney injury and acute kidney disease persisting beyond 2 days.
Effect of short‐term low molecular weight heparin on patency following successful salvage of arteriovenous access with recurrent thrombosis
Authors: Tan Ru Yu , Pang Suh Chien , Tng Alvin Ren Kwang , Ng Heng Joo , Teh Swee Ping , Tan Seck Guan , Tang Tjun Yip , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin , Gogna Apoorva , Chong Tze Tec , Tan Chieh Suai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in maintaining the patency of arteriovenous (AV) access with recurrent thrombosis.MethodsFollowing successful thrombectomy, 66 patients with recurrent thrombosis were included in the study. The primary, assisted primary and secondary patency rates of patients who received LMWH (n = 24) were compared with those who did not receive anticoagulant (n = 42) using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Cox‐regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of patency rates.ResultsThe mean dose of enoxaparin used was 40 ± 13.1 mg or 0.74 ± 0.2 mg/kg daily for a median duration of 14 (IQR 7,28) days. The mean trough anti‐Xa concentrations measured after two doses of LMWH was 0.17 ± 0.13 IU/mL. Kaplan‐Meier analyses for mean primary, assisted primary and secondary patency rates of LMWH vs no anticoagulation groups were 149 (95% CI: 91 ‐ 207) vs 87 (95% CI: 42‐132) days (P < .006), 230 (95% CI: 142‐320) vs 107 (95% CI: 62‐150) days (P = .01) and 438 (299‐579) vs 294 (95% CI: 197‐392) days (P = .08) respectively. LMWH remained a significant protective predictor of primary (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25‐0.86; P = .02) and assisted primary patency rates (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.27‐0.98; P = .04) after adjusting for patient age, access age, type of AV access, presence of peripheral vascular disease and haemoglobin levels.ConclusionLMWH may improve short and mid‐term patency rates for AV accesses with recurrent thrombosis.
Malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kujan Omar , Mello Fernanda Weber , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the proportion of patients who develop oral carcinomas following a diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in reported longitudinal studies. We also aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathological factors contributing to the progression of OSF to cancer.MethodsIndividual search strategies were applied for the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Grey literature databases until August 30, 2020. Methodological assessment of the risk of bias of the included studies was undertaken using the modified Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Meta‐analyses were conducted using a random‐effects (DerSimonian and Liard) method to calculate the pooled proportion of the malignant transformation (MT) in OSF patients.ResultsOut of 585 records screened, a total of 9 observational studies were included with a total number of 6,337 patients; of these, 292 OSF cases developed carcinomas. The pooled proportion of the MT was 4.2% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.6%) with an annual transformation rate of 0.73%. Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled MT proportion was significantly higher among population‐based studies in comparison with hospital‐based ones (p < .005). Most of the studies showed a high risk of bias. In several studies, there was a lack of information about the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of OSF patients and associated risk indicators; this insufficiency in details hindered the ability to conduct further subgroup analyses.ConclusionsDespite the poorly reported and the limited number of studies, our analysis confirms that close to 4% of patients diagnosed with OSF may develop oral cancer. Cases with oral epithelial dysplasia had a higher potential for malignant transformation.