bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of sphincteroplasty with separate suturing of the internal and the external anal sphincter
Authors: Berg M. R. , Gregussen H. , Sahlin Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSphincteroplasty is one of the treatment options for anal incontinence following obstetric injury. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effect of sphincteroplasty with separate suturing of the internal and the external anal sphincter on anal continence.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on women who had sphincteroplasty for treatment of anal incontinence following obstetric injury. Women operated between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014 at Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust Hamar, were invited to answer a questionnaire and participate in a clinical examination, including endoanal sonography.Results111 (86.7%) women participated. Median postoperative follow-up was 44.5 months, and 63.8% of the participants experienced an improvement of at least three points in the St. Mark’s incontinence score. Fecal urgency and daily fecal leakage persisted in 39.4% and 6.4% of the participants, respectively. The internal anal sphincter improvement persisted in 61.8% of the participants, and there was a median reduction of their St. Mark’s score of 6.0 points between the preoperative value and the value at long-term follow-up. There was no significant change in the St. Mark’s score of patients with persistent dehiscence of the internal anal sphincter.ConclusionsSphincteroplasty, with separate suturing of the internal sphincter resulted in continence for stool maintained for at least 3 years in the majority of the patients, while there was an improvement in continence in nearly two-thirds.
Impacts of conventional and unconventional US monetary policies on global financial markets
Authors: Ono Shigeki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the impacts of conventional and unconventional US monetary policies on global financial markets, using the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model from 2004 through 2017. The impulse response results suggest unconventional easing had little effect on stock prices as in conventional easing while the responses of interest rates indicate liquidity was provided throughout the world. An unconventional US monetary tightening policy shock could effectively affect the stock prices of the world as is the case with a conventional US monetary tightening shock. Furthermore, the transmission of a US monetary policy shock to stock prices via exchange rates tends to attenuate the decrease in stock prices both in the conventional and unconventional tightening (the exit from a zero rate) phases. On the other hand, the transmission tends to push down stock prices in the conventional, unconventional monetary easing and the unconventional tightening (the shadow rate is negative) phases.
From Black Pain to Rhodes Must Fall: A Rejectionist Perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Rashedur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on my study of the Rhodes Must Fall movement, I develop a rejectionist perspective by identifying the understanding and mobilization of epistemic disobedience as the core premise of such a perspective. Embedded in this contextual perspective, epistemic disobedience refers to the decolonization of the self and a fight against colonial legacies. I argue that, rather than viewing a rejectionist perspective as a threat, it should be integrated into the moral learning of contemporary institutions and businesses. This approach is important in ensuring colonial legacies and biases do not create further racism or unequal situations for marginalized groups. The implication for critical management studies is that scholars from this camp should be more sensitive to issues of black consciousness and implement an authentic pragmatic ideal to promote black culture and historiographies in universities and curricula. It also highlights a need for the field of business ethics to apply more sensitive theory of marginalized stakeholders in order to prevent any escalation of violence by multinational corporations in the name of shareholder value creation and profit-maximization.
High-Valent Iron-Oxo Complexes as Dominant Species to Eliminate Pharmaceuticals and Chloride-Containing Intermediates by the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Under Visible Irradiation
Authors: Zhu Zhexin , Lu Wangyang , Xu Tiefeng , Li Nan , Wang Gangqiang , Chen Wenxing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Generally, the sulfate (SO4·−) and hydroxyl (HO·) radicals are the dominant active species in most catalytic oxidation processes with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). However, the existence of various natural organic and inorganic matters in aquatic environments might influence the oxidation efficiency of these radicals, and/or form more toxic and refractory intermediates than the parent, especially in chlorine-ion-containing conditions. Here, we constructed a novel visible-light catalytic system with PMS based on iron hexadecachlorophthalocyanine-poly (4-vinylpyridine)/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers through pyridine ligands to generate high-valent iron-oxo (Fe(IV)=O) species as the main active species. The coordination structure was characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The high-valent iron-oxo generation from peroxysulfate O–O bond heterolytic cleavage was proved by high-definition electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-definition mass spectrometry showed that the photocatalytic system was efficient for the degradation of carbamazepine and the chlorinated intermediates by iron-oxo active species in chlorine-ion-containing conditions.

Graphic Abstract
Psychosis, vulnerability, and the moral significance of biomedical innovation in psychiatry. Why ethicists should join efforts
Authors: Corsico Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study of the neuroscience and genomics of mental illness are increasingly intertwined. This is mostly due to the translation of medical technologies into psychiatry and to technological convergence. This article focuses on psychosis. I argue that the convergence of neuroscience and genomics in the context of psychosis is morally problematic, and that ethics scholarship should go beyond the identification of a number of ethical, legal, and social issues. My argument is composed of two strands. First, I argue that we should respond to technological convergence by developing an integrated, patient-centred approach focused on the assessment of individual vulnerabilities. Responding to technological convergence requires that we (i) integrate insights from several areas of ethics, (ii) translate bioethical principles into the mental health context, and (iii) proactively try to anticipate future ethical concerns. Second, I argue that a nuanced understanding of the concept of vulnerability might help us to accomplish this task. I borrow Florencia Luna’s notion of ‘layers of vulnerability’ to show how potential harms or wrongs to individuals who experience psychosis can be conceptualised as stemming from different sources, or layers, of vulnerability. I argue that a layered notion of vulnerability might serve as a common ground to achieve the ethical integration needed to ensure that biomedical innovation can truly benefit, and not harm, individuals who suffer from psychosis.
Dysfunction of Self-Control in Facebook Addiction: Impulsivity Is the Key
Authors: Cudo Andrzej , Torój Małgorzata , Demczuk Marcin , Francuz Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFacebook is one of the most popular social network sites and communication platforms. However, besides many positive elements related to the use of this network site, in some cases it may lead to addiction. Therefore, the main aim of our study was to identify Facebook addiction predictors, in particular, to verify whether impulsivity, as a dimension of self-control, is an important predictor of this type of addiction. We also examined whether Facebook addiction predictors such as time spent using Facebook, use of Facebook smartphone apps, state orientation and female gender would be significant in our model of Facebook addiction. The 234 participants in the study were assessed using the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Brief Self-Control Scale and the Action Control Scale. Impulsivity as a dimension of self-control, action control, amount of time spent on Facebook, Facebook app use and gender were found to be related to Facebook addiction. Specifically, a high level of impulsivity, more time spent using Facebook, female gender and Facebook smartphone app use are predictors of Facebook addiction. However, the relation between state orientation, restraint as a dimension of self-control and Facebook addiction was insignificant. Our results may indicate the role of impulsivity as a dimension of self-control in Facebook addiction. In addition, they may suggest that self-control should be taken into account not only as a one-dimensional but also as a multidimensional construct in Facebook addiction research. Our findings may also contribute to the better preparation of prevention and therapeutic programmes for people at risk of Facebook addiction.
Role of Interest and Self-Concept in Predicting Science Aspirations: Gender Study
Authors: Kang Jingoo , Keinonen Tuula , Salonen Anssi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccording to previous theories and studies, interest and self-concept at an early age have played a pivotal role in occupational choices, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. However, a causal relationship between interest, self-concept, and aspirations in science is still under debate. In addition, few studies have focused on gender differences in these relationships. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationships between interest and self-concept in predicting science aspirations between ages 13 and 16 at lower-secondary school, considering gender differences. For the analyses, we conducted cross-lagged modeling and multi-group structural equation modeling in order to examine interrelationships between interest, self-concept, and science aspirations. According to the results, students’ self-concept was high and stable, while interest was low but increased significantly during the lower-secondary school phases. However, there were no reciprocal relationships between interest and self-concept in predicting students’ science aspirations. Interestingly, while girls’ interest was indicated as a sound predictor of aspirations in science, girls’ self-concept had no predictive influence on aspirations. Possible interpretations and implications of the study for lower-secondary science education are discussed.
A model for determining cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilisation using stable 13C-labelled metabolites
Authors: Lindsay Ross T. , Demetriou Demetris , Manetta-Jones Dominic , West James A. , Murray Andrew J. , Griffin Julian L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionRelative oxidation of different metabolic substrates in the heart varies both physiologically and pathologically, in order to meet metabolic demands under different circumstances.13C labelled substrates have become a key tool for studying substrate use—yet an accurate model is required to analyse the complex data produced as these substrates become incorporated into the Krebs cycle.ObjectivesWe aimed to generate a network model for the quantitative analysis of Krebs cycle intermediate isotopologue distributions measured by mass spectrometry, to determine the13C labelled proportion of acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle.MethodsA model was generated, and validated ex vivo using isotopic distributions measured from isolated hearts perfused with buffer containing 11 mM glucose in total, with varying fractions of universally labelled with13C. The model was then employed to determine the relative oxidation of glucose and triacylglycerol by hearts perfused with 11 mM glucose and 0.4 mM equivalent Intralipid (a triacylglycerol mixture).ResultsThe contribution of glucose to Krebs cycle oxidation was measured to be 79.1 ± 0.9%, independent of the fraction of buffer glucose which was U-13C labelled, or of which Krebs cycle intermediate was assessed. In the presence of Intralipid, glucose and triglyceride were determined to contribute 58 ± 3.6% and 35.6 ± 0.8% of acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle, respectively.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the accuracy of a functional model of Krebs cycle metabolism, which can allow quantitative determination of the effects of therapeutics and pathology on cardiac substrate metabolism.
Neuroimaging in Vascular Parkinsonism
Authors: Ma Karen K. Y. , Lin Shi , Mok Vincent C. T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Being a disease with heterogeneous presentations and unclear consensus on its diagnostic criteria, it is difficult to differentiate vascular parkinsonism (VaP) from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism variants. Ongoing research on structural and functional neuroimaging targeting dopaminergic pathway provides us more insight into the pathophysiology of VaP to improve diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this article is to review how the emerging imaging modalities help the diagnostic process and treatment decision in VaP.

Recent Findings
Dopamine transporter imaging is a promising tool in differentiating presynaptic parkinsonism and VaP. It also predicts the levodopa responders in VaP. Advanced MRI techniques including volumetry, diffusion tensor imaging and sequences visualising substantia nigra are under development, and they are complementary to each other in detecting structural and functional changes in VaP, which is crucial to ensure the quality of future therapeutic trials for VaP.

Summary
Dopamine transporter imaging is recommended to patients with suspected VaP. Multimodal MRI in VaP would be an important area to be investigated in the near future.
Das Potenzial von vertikalen Windenergieanlagen im Kontext wachsender Flächennutzungskonflikte und Akzeptanzprobleme der Windenergie
Authors: Kern Lukas , Seebaß Johann Valentin , Schlüter Jan 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Ausbau der Windenergie geht mit zunehmenden Akzeptanzproblemen und unterschiedlichen Flächennutzungskonflikten einher. Diese ergeben sich maßgeblich aufgrund der großen visuellen und akustischen Signatur von horizontalen Windenergieanlagen und dem großen Flächenbedarf von Windparks. Gegenwärtig werden Untersuchungen zu einem Anlagentyp durchgeführt, der die Möglichkeit bietet, diese negativen Effekte deutlich zu reduzieren. Dabei handelt es sich um einen speziellen Anlagentyp mit vertikaler Achsenausrichtung. Diese Anlagenform stand bisher wenig im Fokus der Öffentlichkeit und Wissenschaft stand. Die Vorteile dieser Anlagenform sind ihre niedrige Bauhöhe und ihr geringer akustischer Fußabdruck. Neue Forschungen zeigen zudem, dass die Energiedichte dieser Anlagen diejenige von konventionellen Windenergieanlagen um ein Vielfaches übersteigen kann, wenn man sie in einer Windparkkonfiguration implementiert. Der vorliegende Artikel soll diesen Typ von Windkraftanlage in Bezug auf akzeptanzmindernde Faktoren beleuchten. Vertiefend wird die Schallausbreitung dieser Anlagen anhand einer Schallimissionsprognose untersucht, da es bisher kaum Studien zu dieser Thematik aus raumplanerischer Sicht gibt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dieser Anlagentyp gegenüber den konventionellen Anlagen neue Flächennutzungsmöglichkeiten bietet und eine Alternative zu den bestehenden Anlagentypen im Rahmen der Energiewende darstellen könnte.
Heart Rate Monitoring Sensor Based on Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber
Authors: Irawati Ninik , Hatta Agus Muhamad , Yhuwana Yoseph Gita Yhun , Sekartedjo  
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure for a heart rate monitoring is proposed and developed. An artificial electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used to simulate the heart pulse at different rates ranging from 50 beats per minute (bpm) to 200 bpm. The SMS fiber structure is placed at the center of a loudspeaker and it senses the vibration of the pulse. The vibration of the pulse signal applied to the SMS fiber structure changes the intensity of the optical output power. The proposed sensor shows a linear frequency of the heart rate sensing range that matches well with the relevant heart rate from the artificial ECG. This work shows the capability of the SMS fiber structure monitoring the heart rate frequencies for a long term, high stability realization, and reproducibility, and being suitable for the observation in hospitals as well as in other environments.
Ripple transport and neoclassical diffusion in IR-T1 tokamak
Authors: Hosseininejad M. , Ghoranneviss M. , Salem M. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn tokamaks, small variations in the magnetic field create ripple. The discontinuous nature of the magnetic field coils in an axisymmetric torus conduces to additional particle trapping, and it is responsible for an additional neoclassical diffusion. Ripples also reduce the particle removal efficiency and disturb plasma confinement and cause constraints in the design of magnet of fusion reactor. Therefore, it is quite important to include the ripple for the design of plasma edge components. Herein, several considerations are taken into account to calculate and evaluate the diffusion coefficient and ion heat conductivity in ripple transport and also to compare it with neoclassical mode.
Maternal and Infant Death and the rVSV-ZEBOV Vaccine Through Three Recent Ebola Virus Epidemics-West Africa, DRC Équateur and DRC Kivu: 4 Years of Excluding Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants from Immunization
Authors: Schwartz David A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Ebola virus infection has one of the highest overall case fatality rates of any viral disease. It has historically had an especially high case mortality rate among pregnant women and infants—greater than 90% for pregnant women in some outbreaks and close to 100 % in fetuses and newborns. The Merck recombinant vaccine against Ebola virus, termed rVSV-ZEBOV, underwent clinical trials during the 2013–2015 West Africa Ebola epidemic where it was found to be 100% efficacious. It was subsequently used during the 2018 DRC Équateur outbreak and in the 2018 DRC Kivu Ebola which is still ongoing, where its efficacy is 97.5 %. Pregnant and lactating women and their infants have previously been excluded from the design, clinical trials, and administration of many vaccines and drugs. This article critically examines the development of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine and its accessibility to pregnant and lactating women and infants as a life-saving form of prevention through three recent African Ebola epidemics—West Africa, DRC Équateur, and DRC Kivu.

Recent Findings
Pregnant and lactating women and their infants were excluded from participation in the clinical trials of rVSV-ZEBOV conducted during the West Africa epidemic. This policy of exclusion was continued with the occurrence of the DRC Équateur outbreak in 2018, in spite of calls from the public health and global maternal health communities to vaccinate this population. Following the onset of the DRC Kivu epidemic, the exclusion persisted. Eventually, the policy was reversed to include vaccination of pregnant and lactating women. However, it was not implemented until June 2019, 10 months after the start of the epidemic, placing hundreds of women and infants at risk for this highly fatal infection.

Summary
The historical policy of excluding pregnant and lactating women and infants from vaccine design, clinical trials, and implementation places them at risk, especially in situations of infectious disease outbreaks. In the future, all pregnant women, regardless of trimester, breastfeeding mothers, and infants, should have access to the Ebola vaccine.
A general deep learning framework for network reconstruction and dynamics learning
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Zhao Yi , Liu Jing , Wang Shuo , Tao Ruyi , Xin Ruyue , Zhang Jiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany complex processes can be viewed as dynamical systems on networks. However, in real cases, only the performances of the system are known, the network structure and the dynamical rules are not observed. Therefore, recovering latent network structure and dynamics from observed time series data are important tasks because it may help us to open the black box, and even to build up the model of a complex system automatically. Although this problem hosts a wealth of potential applications in biology, earth science, and epidemics etc., conventional methods have limitations. In this work, we introduce a new framework, Gumbel Graph Network (GGN), which is a model-free, data-driven deep learning framework to accomplish the reconstruction of both network connections and the dynamics on it. Our model consists of two jointly trained parts: a network generator that generating a discrete network with the Gumbel Softmax technique; and a dynamics learner that utilizing the generated network and one-step trajectory value to predict the states in future steps. We exhibit the universality of our framework on different kinds of time-series data: with the same structure, our model can be trained to accurately recover the network structure and predict future states on continuous, discrete, and binary dynamics, and outperforms competing network reconstruction methods.