bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of rural general surgeons in managing vascular surgical emergencies
Authors: Ang Zhen H. , Brown Kilian , Rice Mark , Fisher Dean 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA rural general surgeon has historically been required to perform a wide variety of subspecialist procedures. Increasingly sub‐specialized training programs have restricted younger surgeons' experience in the general surgery‐associated subspecialties. Time critical vascular surgical emergencies are frequently encountered by rural general surgeons. This study aims to audit the prevalence of vascular surgical emergencies at a geographically remote regional centre and define the role of the general surgeon in managing these patients.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective study was performed to analyse the outcomes of the patients who presented to Dubbo Base Hospital with an emergency vascular pathology or developed such a condition during admission, between October 2010 and June 2019. Patients were identified by relevant International classification of diseases (ICD) (10th revision) diagnostic codes for vascular emergencies. Acute complications following surgery for haemodialysis access were excluded.ResultsA total of 134 patients were identified during the study period and the majority were transferred to a tertiary centre for surgical intervention. Sixteen patients underwent emergency vascular surgery locally due to concerns about potential loss of life or limb if intervention was delayed by transfer; 69% of patients who underwent surgery locally survived with limb salvation.ConclusionWhile most patients can safely be transferred to a tertiary centre, some require surgery locally in order to maximize chance of life or limb preservation. There is a strong argument for exposure of general surgical trainees with an interest in rural surgery to vascular surgery and other subspecialties.
Minority‐ versus Majority‐Status Group Intentions to Transgress the Law When Oppression Is Perceived
Authors: Lobato Roberto M. , Moya Miguel , Trujillo Humberto M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOppression, frustration, and humiliation are some of the most critical variables when predicting political violence. There are, however, other factors, such as group support and violent narratives/ideologies, involved in this relationship. Moreover, contextual and group characteristics should also be taken into account. Thus, we conduct an empirical study in the context of Catalonia versus Spain conflict, taking into account group status and other related variables proposed by the 3N model of radicalization. Based on the principles of significance quest theory and identity fusion theory, the following four hypotheses were proposed: (H1) fused individuals will be more prone to engage in different forms of progroup behavior, as well as (H2) more sensitive to collective losses of significance; (H3) the collective loss of significance will mediate the relationship between identity fusion and progroup behaviors; and (H4) majority/minority‐status will moderate these functional relationships. The results indicated that identity fusion predicted intentions of activism through perceived oppression in the majority‐ and minority‐status groups, while identity fusion predicted the intentions of radicalism through perceived oppression in the minority‐ but not in the majority‐status group. The theoretical and contextual implications of the findings are discussed.
The Motor skills At Playtime intervention improves children's locomotor skills: A feasibility study
Authors: Palmer Kara K. , Miller Alison L. , Meehan Sean K. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterventions are needed to teach fundamental motor skills (FMS) to preschoolers. There is a need to design more practical and effective interventions that can be successfully implemented by non‐motor experts and fit within the existing gross motor opportunities such as outdoor free play at the preschool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a non‐motor expert FMS intervention that was implemented during outdoor free play, Motor skills At Playtime (MAP).MethodsParticipants were preschoolers from two Head Start centres (N = 46; Mage = 4.7 ± 0.46 years; 41% boys) and were divided into a MAP (n = 30) or control (outdoor free play; n = 16) group. Children completed either a 1,350‐min MAP intervention or control condition (outdoor free play) from January to April of 2018. FMS were assessed before and after each programme using both the Test of Gross Motor Development–3rd Edition and skill outcome measures (running speed, hopping speed, jump distance, throwing speed, kicking speed and catching percentage). Intervention implementation feasibility was measured through daily fidelity checks. Fidelity was evaluated as the percentage of intervention sessions that included all explicit intervention criteria. FMS data were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Models were fit with fixed effects of time and treatment, covariates of sex and height, and a random intercept for each individual.ResultsThe non‐motor expert was feasibly able to implement MAP with high fidelity (>93%). There was a significant treatment effect for MAP on process and product locomotor FMS (P < 0.05) and a trend for a treatment effect for MAP on total process FMS (P = 0.07).ConclusionResults support that MAP was successfully implemented by a non‐motor expert and led to improvements in children's FMS, especially locomotor FMS.
Regenerative efficacy of fibroblast growth factor for the treatment of aged vocal fold: From animal model to clinical application
Authors: Ban Myung Jin , Lee Seung Chul , Park Jae Hong , Park Ki Nam , Kim Hee Kyung , Lee Seung Won 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regenerative efficacy in an aged vocal fold rat model and confirmed it in a prospective clinical trial.Design, setting, and participantsFor animal experiments, 48 Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into two groups: 24 six‐month‐olds (young group) and 24 twenty‐four‐month‐olds (old group). FGF was injected once a week thrice into the left vocal fold of the old group, dividing them into two sub‐groups (injected [left] and uninjected [right]). Additionally, we conducted a prospective clinical trial for 38 patients with aged atrophic vocal fold.Main outcome measuresA month post‐injection, excised larynx from the three groups was subjected to comparative histopathological (ratio of relative lamina propria to total vocal fold) and mRNA expression analysis (of procollagen I, hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2) by real‐time PCR. We performed perceptual, stroboscopic, acoustic aerodynamic test and Voice Handicap Index survey prior to and 1, 6 and 12 months after FGF injection.ResultsIn rats, the relative lamina propria ratio increased after FGF injection. Procollagen I mRNA level decreased, whereas that of HAS‐2 and MMP‐2 increased significantly in the injected compared to the uninjected old group. Enrolled patients showed improved subjective and objective voice parameters after FGF injection, and these were maintained for a year. Potential side effects were not observed.ConclusionsAnimal experiments and prospective clinical trial suggest that FGF injection to vocal fold can significantly improve voice quality until one year, without complications, and is effective for aged atrophic vocal fold treatment.
HOXD3 was negatively regulated by YY1 recruiting HDAC1 to suppress progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ITGA2 pathway
Authors: Wang Lumin , Gao Yi , Zhao Xiaoge , Guo Chen , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Yang , Han Cong , Zhao Lingyu , Qin Yannan , Liu Liying , Huang Chen , Wang Wenjing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesHOXD3 is associated with progression of multiple types of cancer. This study aimed to identify the association of YY1 with HOXD3‐ITGA2 axis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials and MethodsBioinformatics assay was used to identify the effect of YY1, HOXD3 and ITGA2 expression in HCC tissues. The function of YY1 and HOXD3 in HCCs was determined by qRT‐PCR, MTT, apoptosis, Western blotting, colony formation, immunohistochemistry, and wound‐healing and transwell invasion assays. The relationship between YY1 and HOXD3 or HOXD3 and ITGA2 was explored by RNA‐Seq, ChIP‐PCR, dual luciferase reports and Pearson's assays. The interactions between YY1 and HDAC1 were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and Co‐IP.ResultsHerein, we showed that the expression of YY1, HOXD3 and ITGA2 associated with the histologic and pathologic stages of HCC. Moreover, YY1, recruiting HDAC1, can directly target HOXD3 to regulate progression of HCCs. The relationship between YY1 and HOXD3 was unknown until uncovered by our present investigation. Furthermore, HOXD3 bound to promoter region of ITGA2 and up‐regulated the expression, thus activating the ERK1/2 signalling and inducing HCCs proliferation, metastasis and migration in the vitro and vivo.ConclusionsTherefore, HOXD3, a target of YY1, facilitates HCC progression via activation of the ERK1/2 signalling by promoting ITGA2. This finding provides a new whole way to HCC therapy by serving YY1‐HOXD3‐ITGA2 regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
Trends in medical cannabis licensure, Israel, 2013–2018
Authors: Sznitman Sharon R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSince 2011, the Israeli Ministry of Health has been working towards increased regulation of its medical cannabis (MC) program by ensuring that MC licensing procedures adhere to the basic principles and practices of the medical profession. The aim of this study is to examine trends in MC licensing in Israel during this period of increasing MC regulation.Design and MethodsPublicly available data on MC licences, collected by the Ministry of Health, were used to examine trends between 2013 and 2018. The number of MC licences, new MC licence requests and rate of MC licence requests accepted were plotted over time. Gender and age distributions and the medical indicators for which MC licences were approved were also examined.ResultsAbsolute numbers of MC licences and MC licence requests increased during the study period while no parallel increase in the rate at which new MC licences were granted was observed. MC licences for post‐traumatic stress disorder increased substantially during the study period. The majority of MC patients in Israel are male, over the age of 40, and used MC for chronic pain.ConclusionsThe observed increase in MC licences is likely driven by an increase in patient demand. This study suggests that social forces (e.g. positive media reporting and public attitudes towards MC), beyond MC regulation, are influencing trends in MC licensing in Israel. Studies that examine the skewed gender distribution of MC licences, and the efficacy of MC for post‐traumatic stress disorder, are urgently needed.
γ‐aminobutyric acid stimulates β‐cell proliferation through the mTORC1/p70S6K pathway, an effect amplified by Ly49, a novel γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor positive allosteric modulator
Authors: Untereiner Ashley , Xu Jie , Bhattacharjee Alpana , Cabrera Over , Hu Cheng , Dai Feihan F. , Wheeler Michael B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the mechanism of action of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) on β‐cell proliferation and investigate if co‐treatment with Ly49, a novel GABA type A receptor positive allosteric modulator (GABAA‐R PAM), amplifies this effect.MethodsHuman or mouse islets were co‐treated for 4‐5 days with GABA and selected receptor or cell signalling pathway modulators. Immunofluorescence was used to determine protein co‐localization, cell number or proliferation, and islet size. Osmotic minipumps were surgically implanted in mice to assess Ly49 effects on pancreatic β‐cells.ResultsAmplification of GABAA‐R signalling enhanced GABA‐stimulated β‐cell proliferation in cultured mouse islets. Co‐treatment of GABA with an inhibitor specific for PI3K, mTORC1/2, or p70S6K, abolished GABA‐stimulated β‐cell proliferation in mouse and human islets. Nuclear p‐AktSer473 and p‐p70S6KThr421/Ser424 expression in pancreatic β‐cells was increased in GABA‐treated mice compared with vehicle‐treated mice, an effect augmented with GABA and Ly49 co‐treatment. Mice co‐treated with GABA and Ly49 exhibited enhanced β‐cell area and proliferation compared with GABA‐treated mice. Furthermore, S961 injection (an insulin receptor antagonist) resulted in enhanced plasma insulin in GABA and Ly49 co‐treated mice compared with GABA‐treated mice. Importantly, GABA co‐treated with Ly49 increased β‐cell proliferation in human islets providing a potential application for human subjects.ConclusionsWe show that GABA stimulates β‐cell proliferation via the PI3K/mTORC1/p70S6K pathway in both mouse and human islets. Furthermore, we show that Ly49 enhances the β‐cell regenerative effects of GABA, showing potential in the intervention of diabetes.
The effect of mirabegron on energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue in healthy lean South Asian and Europid men
Authors: Nahon Kimberly J. , Janssen Laura G. M. , Sardjoe Mishre Aashley S. D. , Bilsen Manu P. , van der Eijk Jari A. , Botani Kani , Overduin Lisanne A. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Burakiewicz Jedrzej , Dzyubachyk Oleh , Webb Andrew G. , Kan Hermien E. , Berbée Jimmy F. P. , van Klinken Jan‐Bert , van Dijk Ko Willems , van Weeghel Michel , Vaz Frédéric M. , Coskun Tamer , Jazet Ingrid M. , Kooijman Sander , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Boon Mariëtte R. , Rensen Patrick C. N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of cold exposure and the β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron on plasma lipids, energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in South Asians versus Europids.Materials and MethodsTen lean Dutch South Asian (aged 18‐30 years; body mass index [BMI] 18‐25 kg/m2) and 10 age‐ and BMI‐matched Europid men participated in a randomized, double‐blinded, cross‐over study consisting of three interventions: short‐term (~ 2 hours) cold exposure, mirabegron (200 mg one dose p.o.) and placebo. Before and after each intervention, we performed lipidomic analysis in serum, assessed resting energy expenditure (REE) and skin temperature, and measured BAT fat fraction by magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsIn both ethnicities, cold exposure increased the levels of several serum lipid species, whereas mirabegron only increased free fatty acids. Cold exposure increased lipid oxidation in both ethnicities, while mirabegron increased lipid oxidation in Europids only. Cold exposure and mirabegron enhanced supraclavicular skin temperature in both ethnicities. Cold exposure decreased BAT fat fraction in both ethnicities. After the combination of data from both ethnicities, mirabegron decreased BAT fat fraction compared with placebo.ConclusionsIn South Asians and Europids, cold exposure and mirabegron induced beneficial metabolic effects. When combining both ethnicities, cold exposure and mirabegron increased REE and lipid oxidation, coinciding with a higher supraclavicular skin temperature and lower BAT fat fraction.
Formicidae (Hymenoptera) community in corpses at different altitudes in a semiarid wild environment in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pérez‐Marcos María , López‐Gallego Elena , Arnaldos María Isabel , Martínez‐Ibáñez Dolores , García María Dolores 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Formicidae are considered crucial components of the entomosarcosaprophagous fauna because they can delay the decomposition process, cause tissue postmortem damage and produce bloodstain patterns that may confuse investigations. Moreover, some studies suggest that the Formicidae can act as environmental and seasonal indicators. However, studies on this group on vertebrate carcasses are scarce, especially in the Iberian Peninsula and the southwest of Europe. Thus, comparative studies at different altitudes in a protected wild mountain area could provide useful information on its composition in such environmental conditions, their role as environmental indicators and their forensic implications. For this reason, the Formicidae sarcosaprophagous community was studied at three different altitudes, between 400 and 1,500 m, in a wild mountainous area in the southeast of Spain using a modified Schoenly trap, with two pitfall traps inside, baited with 5 kg piglets (Sus scrofa L.). This work illustrates an approach to the community of the Formicidae, as a representative of the sarcosaprophagous community in an altitudinal gradient, showing a great variability in its composition. Furthermore, when comparing our results with other studies carried out in the Iberian Peninsula, we are able to suggest certain species with a potential utility as geographic and environmental indicators. Thus, Iberoformica subrufa, Lasius brunneus, Lasius cinereus and Camponotus sylvaticus are species of special interest as they appeared in either one of the sampled areas or in the same region.
The consequences of paradigm change and poorly validated science: The example of the value of mangroves to fisheries
Authors: Sheaves Marcus , Abrantes Kátya , Barnett Adam , Benham Claudia , Dale Patricia , Mattone Carlo , Sheaves Alison , Waltham Nathan , Bradley Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccuracy in representing, communicating and reporting science is critical to the translation of science into knowledge. Any lack of accuracy degrades the quality and reliability of consequent decisions. One common cause of inaccuracy is the use of superseded paradigmatic concepts with a lack of careful validation. This leads to evidentiary dissonance (an apparent abundance of evidence with little basis in actual reported scientific findings). We illustrate the nature and consequences of evidentiary dissonance using the example of estimates of the value of mangroves to fisheries, which are key motivators of decision‐making around land‐use activities in mangroves systems, mangrove restoration and disturbance offset initiatives. Causes include the use of inappropriate or inaccurate data and inadequate support for reasoning used to develop estimates of fisheries value. Evidentiary dissonance in linking estimates to scientific understanding has produced a citable and cited body of work with tenuous foundations in current ecological understanding, and a body of literature that is likely to lead to unrealistic expectations, misdirected and wasted resources, and perverse management outcomes.
An electrical resistance degradation model for thin film under fatigue loading
Authors: Cheng Jiaxing , Li Zhaoxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile flexible electronics are ready for the market, keeping their good electric conductivity in long‐term operation is still one of the inevitable challenges. This paper aims to develop a resistance degradation model based on the analysis of the observed fatigue behaviour of thin films and the premature electric failure of thin films. The material deterioration process due to fatigue is represented by the defined fatigue damage variation based on cracks initiation and growth, which establishes a connective relationship with electric resistance degradation. The developed model is validated to compare with experimental results, and numerical results show that it can accurately predict the fatigue life and electrical resistance degradation of thin films of different thicknesses; therefore, it could be a means to assess the electrical performance of thin films on flexible substrates.
Independent director compensation, corruption, and monitoring
Authors: Burns Natasha , Kapalczynski Anna , Wald John K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe find that independent directors in more corrupt countries receive greater pay. This relation could reflect outside directors in corrupt countries expropriating firm value, or it could reflect higher compensation for the additional effort required to lessen the negative effects of corruption. Acquirer acquisition announcement returns are lower in more corrupt countries, and this relation is mitigated by higher director pay. Higher director pay is also associated with greater sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance and moderates the negative effects of country‐level corruption on firm value. This evidence is consistent with higher director pay in corrupt countries incentivizing effort.
Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals
Authors: Sanderson Claire E. , Alexander Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfectious disease emergence has increased significantly over the last 30 years, with mass mortality events (MMEs) associated with epizootics becoming increasingly common. Factors influencing these events have been widely studied in terrestrial systems, but remain relatively unexplored in marine mammals. Infectious disease‐induced MMEs (ID MMEs) have not been reported ubiquitously among marine mammal species, indicating that intrinsic (host) and/or extrinsic (environmental) ecological factors may influence this heterogeneity. We assess the occurrence of ID MMEs (1955–2018) across extant marine mammals (n = 129) in relation to key life‐history characteristics (sociality, trophic level, habitat breadth) and environmental variables (season, sea surface temperature [SST] anomalies, El Niño occurrence). Our results show that ID MMEs have been reported in 14% of marine mammal species (95% CI 9%–21%), with 72% (n = 36; 95% CI 56%–84%) of these events caused predominantly by viruses, primarily morbillivirus and influenza A. Bacterial pathogens caused 25% (95% CI 14%–41%) of MMEs, with only one being the result of a protozoan pathogen. Overall, virus‐induced MMEs involved a greater number of fatalities per event compared to other pathogens. No association was detected between the occurrence of ID MMEs and host characteristics, such as sociality or trophic level, but ID MMEs did occur more frequently in semiaquatic species (pinnipeds) compared to obligate ocean dwellers (cetaceans; χ2 = 9.6, p = .002). In contrast, extrinsic factors significantly influenced ID MMEs, with seasonality linked to frequency (χ2 = 19.85, p = .0002) and severity of these events, and global yearly SST anomalies positively correlated with their temporal occurrence (Z = 3.43, p = 2.7e‐04). No significant association was identified between El Niño and ID MME occurrence (Z = 0.28, p = .81). With climate change forecasted to increase SSTs and the frequency of extreme seasonal weather events, epizootics causing MMEs are likely to intensify with significant consequences for marine mammal survival.
Near‐net shape manufacture of macroporous nanosized alumina monolith by aqueous gel casting method
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Sarpoolaky Hossein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA potentially near‐net‐shape manufacturing procedure for macroporous alumina monoliths with 20%‐75% porosity was presented by gel casting of nano γ‐Al2O3. Although monolith obtained by nano alumina had a high surface area and low sintering temperature, an optimum fraction of micron alumina needed to be added to achieve the proper rheological and mechanical properties of slurries. The preparation parameters including alumina loading, sintering temperature, monomer concentration, and the fraction of nano alumina were investigated. The green densities ranging from 0.66 to 0.86 g cm−3 were obtained by raising alumina loading from 10 to 20 vol%. Depending on the monomer concentration and sintering temperature, the mean pore size ranging from 45 to 412 nm, total porosity (20%–75%), and open porosity varying from 12% to 89% were obtained. The sintered density (from 0.95 to 3.15 g cm−3) and compressive strength (CS) (from 4.2 to 31.46 MPa) were suitable for use in different fields.