bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Water Source for Southern California: The Regional Recycled Water Program
Authors: Chalmers R. Bruce , Tremblay Martha , Soni Rupam 
Published: December 2020

Key TakeawaysThe Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts are working together on a large‐scale program to develop recycled water as a new, much‐needed potable source to the region.With planning in the works since 2009, an undertaking as extensive as the Regional Recycled Water Program involves equally extensive coordination and evaluation, which includes a local demonstration facility.Beyond providing an additional water source for Southern California, the program will ensure reliability, sustainability, and flexibility in future expansion of the water supply through raw water augmentation.
Potable Water for an Office Building From Rainwater Collection
Authors: Thompson Phillip L. , Porter Russell L. 
Published: December 2020

Key TakeawaysFor its rainwater collection system to pass muster as a potable water source, Seattle's Bullitt Center adhered to strict design and building standards.Meticulous planning, design, and performance testing of the Bullitt Center's water collection and treatment process provide a blueprint for future self‐contained potable water systems in buildings.The Bullitt Center is a paragon of sustainability, demonstrating triple‐bottom‐line benefits for its tenants, the community, and the environment.
Growing Options for Shrinking Cities
Authors: Doyle Martin W. , Patterson Lauren , Smull Erika , Warren Simon 
Published: December 2020

Key TakeawaysWhen people and industries leave a community, water utilities face the potential loss of revenue from departing customers and the cost and issues associated with maintaining excess system capacity.Water systems seek to (1) ensure affordability, (2) maintain high service and quality, and (3) sustain fiscal viability; this creates a trilemma for shrinking cities that can ensure only two of the three.To meet challenges, water service providers in shrinking cities need flexible approaches, such as downsizing, diversifying revenue sources, consolidating with other systems, or privatizing; absent such changes, the federal or state governments must step in.
Modulatory effects of gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: A novel paradigm for blockade of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Rezasoltani Sama , Yadegar Abbas , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Reza Zali Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in preserving homeostasis at the intestinal host‐microbial interface. Conversely, specific gut microbiota may be altered during various pathological conditions and produce a number of toxic compounds and oncoproteins, in turn, to induce both inflammatory response and carcinogenesis. Recently, promising findings have been documented toward the implementation of certain intestinal microbiome in the next era of cancer biology and cancer immunotherapy. Notably, intestinal microbiota can cooperate with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of its host, especially in enhancing the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD‐1) protein and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade therapy for cancer. Herein, we review the dual function of gut microbiota in triggering GI cancers, its association with host immunity and its beneficial functions in modulation of cancer immunotherapy responses. Furthermore, we consider the significance of gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we summarize the relevant limitations that affect the effectiveness and clinical applications of gut microbiome in response to immunotherapy.
Household finances, financial planning, and COVID‐19
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Bartholomae Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article provides a brief summary and review of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on household finances. The stressors related to the pandemic are evaluated as either transitory or permanent shocks to both the practice of financial planning and client financial concerns. Based on qualitative responses from practicing financial planners, changes in practice and client concerns as a result of the pandemic are outlined. At the global level, respondents shared that the practice of financial planning has accelerated its adoption of communication technology while clients are experiencing unprecedented levels of stress related to changes in health, the economy, and the political landscape in the United States. Insights and observations from the sample of practicing financial planners are used to inform recommendations for practice.
Asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐3‐methyleneglutamic acid and its N‐Fmoc derivative via Michael addition–elimination reaction of chiral glycine Ni (II) complex with enol tosylates
Authors: Shigeno Yuhei , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Moriwaki Hiroki , Fujiwara Wataru , Konno Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of chiral Ni (II)‐complexes of glycine Schiff bases has recently emerged as a leading methodology for asymmetric synthesis of structurally diverse Tailor‐Made Amino Acids™, playing a key role in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. Here, we report first example of enantioselective preparation of (S)‐3‐methyleneglutamic acid and its N‐Fmoc derivative via a new type of Michael addition–elimination reaction between chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent and enol tosylates. This reaction was found to proceed with excellent yield (91%) and diastereoselectivity (>99/1 de) allowing straightforward asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐3‐methyleneglutamic acid derivatives and analogues. The observed results bode well for general application of this Ni (II) complex approach for preparation and biological studies of this previously unknown type of Tailor‐Made Amino Acids™
A case of anti‐OJ antibody‐positive polymyositis with marked muscle involvement and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Oishi Kyosuke , Shimizu Kyoko , Takehara Kouhei , Maeda Shintaro , Matsushita Takashi , Yukami Toru , Takehara Kazuhiko , Hamaguchi Yasuhito 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn 83‐year‐old man with muscle involvement and interstitial lung disease (ILD) was diagnosed with anti‐OJ antibody (Ab)‐positive polymyositis (PM). He did not have Raynaud's phenomenon, heliotrope rash, Gottron's sign, fever, arthralgia, or mechanic's hand. A literature review of 21 anti‐OJ Ab‐positive patients described that the diagnoses were as follows: 10 with PM, five with dermatomyositis, five with ILD, and 1 with overlap syndrome of PM and rheumatoid arthritis. Myositis was observed in 16, ILD in 19, and skin rash in 5. Physicians need to be aware of the existence of patients with anti‐OJ Ab who have myositis and ILD.
Overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus: a report from the RENSUR3 registry
Authors: Tsimafeyeu Ilya , Shatkovskaya Oxana , Krasny Sergei , Nurgaliev Nurzhan , Varlamov Ilya , Petkau Vladislav , Safina Sufia , Zukov Ruslan , Mazhbich Mikhail , Statsenko Galina , Varlamov Sergey , Novikova Olga , Zaitsev Igor , Moiseyev Pavel , Rolevich Alexander , Evmenenko Alesya , Popova Irina , Kaidarova Dilyara , Vladimirova Liubov 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world data describing outcomes of treatment among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients are limited and heterogeneous.AimRENSUR3 registry study assessed real‐world data on the use of therapies in mRCC and overall survival (OS) in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus.MethodsPatients were included in the retrospective multicenter registry study. To be eligible, patients were required to have mRCC diagnosed from January 2015 to January 2016. Anonymized data were collected through an online registry. The outcomes of interest were patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and OS.Results1094 mRCC patients were identified. Mean age was 62.3 (SD, 11.2) years. Four hundred and forty‐four (41%) patients were 65 years and older. Primary tumor has not been removed in 503 (46%) patients. Subtype of RCC based on WHO classification (clear‐cell or other) has been reported in 402 (37%) patients. In total, 595 (54.4%) patients received systemic therapy for metastatic disease. 58% of elderly patients (≥65) were not treated compared to 37% of younger patients. Cytokines and targeted therapy were used in 298 (50.1%) and 297 (49.9%) of 595 treated patients, respectively. Median OS was 11.9 months (95% CI 10.9‐12.9). The 1‐ and 3‐year OS rates were 49.6% and 19.3%.ConclusionsHalf of patients received no systemic therapy or had only cytokines for mRCC in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus, which doubtless negatively affected OS in this population. Novel therapies should be considered as life prolonging and a priority.
An efficient framework for data aggregation in smart agriculture
Authors: Yuan Jiangjun , Liu Weinan , Wang Jie , Shi Jiawen , Miao Ling 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWith the advanced development of smart devices and network technique, Internet of Things has seen a large number of popular applications, among which, smart agriculture is a good example. The sensor nodes collect some parameters in the greenhouse, and send them to the control center. Then the control center can conduct some operations according to the analysis of the collected parameters. In this paper, we discuss how to efficiently aggregate and collect data with features of privacy protection in smart agricultural system. We propose an effective and scalable framework. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the optimized data collection route for the agricultural system. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle also greatly improves the communication efficiency of resource‐constrained sensors in the system, which further increases the use time of the entire agricultural system. The experimental analysis shows that our framework has good efficiency and enjoys good scalability.
SACRO : Solid state drive‐assisted chunk caching for restore optimization
Authors: Dagnaw Girum , Zhou Ke , Wang Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBetter duplicate elimination performance causes higher fragmentation which leads to degraded restore performance. As a result, restore performance needs to be optimized either through strengthening locality by selective rewriting and/or making the best use of the limited available memory through cache optimization. In this paper, we explore SACRO, SSD Assitsted Chunk Caching for Restore Optimization. It avoids the need to repetitively access chunk containers in disk by using SSD (Solid State Drives) as a secondary chunk cache. An FRT (Future Reference Table) is constructed from the recipe of a backup stream and a Future Reference Count entry in the FRT is utilized to assign priorities to chunks as they are accessed during restoration. These priority values coupled with access distances are used to decide to cache a chunk either in memory or the SSD. The restore performance of SACRO is shown to significantly outperform other restoring approaches which utilize chunk caching. For one dataset, at 4 MB cache size and 4 MB Look Ahead Window size its restore factor is 3.5 MB/container_access while ALACC and LRU record 3.4 MB/container_access and 0.9 MB/container_access respectively. Moreover, SACRO can be integrated to already existing deduplication systems with very limited amount of modification done on the deduplication system.
Physiological and antioxidative responses in potato under saline irrigation
Authors: Akrimi Rawaa , Hajlaoui Hichem , Elgharbi Sinda , Mechri Beligh , Mhamdi Mahmoud 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSalinity continues to challenge crop cultivation under current water precarity conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic treatment of saline water on agrophysiological and antioxidative responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Three potato varieties (Spunta, Bellini, and Alaska) were subjected, over two growing seasons, to three drip irrigation treatments: saline water (SW), electromagnetic saline water (MSW), and groundwater (control). Phenology, agrophysiological, and biochemical traits were evaluated along the growth cycle. Results showed that, phenological response was similar under SW and MSW. The MSW treatment enhanced the yield, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Plants irrigated with SW showed higher membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), antioxidant enzymes, and soluble sugar content in their leaves. Alaska was less responsive to salinity, as it exhibits delayed implementation of antioxidative enzymes and lower MDA and H2O2 contents. It was concluded that MSW might be beneficial for potato cultivation under saline conditions.
Effect of Particle Size and Anion Vacancy on Electrochemical Potassium Ion Insertion into Potassium Manganese Hexacyanoferrates
Authors: Hosaka Tomooki , Fukabori Taiga , Kojima Haruka , Kubota Kei , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPotassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMnHCF) can be used as a positive electrode for potassium‐ion batteries because of its high energy density. The effect of particle size and [Fe(CN)6]n− vacancies on the electrochemical potassium insertion of KMnHCFs was examined through experimental data and theoretical calculations. When nearly stoichiometric KMnHCF was synthesized and tested, smaller particle sizes were found to be important for achieving superior electrochemical performance in terms of capacity and rate capability. However, even in the case of larger particles, introducing a suitable number of anion vacancies enabled KMnHCF to exhibit comparable electrode performance. Electrochemical tests and density functional theory calculations indicated that anion vacancies contribute to the enhancement of K+ ion diffusion, which realizes good electrochemical performance. Structural design, including crystal vacancies and particle size, is the key to their high performance as a positive electrode.
Infant biological sensitivity to father engagement in low‐income Mexican American families
Authors: Luecken Linda J. , Somers Jennifer , Roubinov Danielle S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite a sizeable literature documenting meaningful contributions of father involvement to child health and development, researchers have paid little attention to biological characteristics that may render a child more or less sensitive to fathering behavior. The identification of child and paternal characteristics that promote child behavioral health is particularly critical in the context of sociocultural risk. We hypothesized that respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) measured during infancy would moderate the impact of father engagement in caregiving activities on child behavioral health. In a sample of 181 Mexican American families, we evaluated the impact of infant RSA at 6 weeks, mother‐ and father‐reported father engagement in caregiving activities at 15 and 21 weeks, and their interaction on toddler social or emotional behavior problems and competence at 2 years of age. Only infants with average or higher RSA exhibited more behavior problems in the context of low father engagement (p = .021). Neither RSA nor father engagement predicted behavioral competence. The results are consistent with a stress‐diathesis process such that higher infant RSA increases vulnerability to suboptimal father involvement, but does not enhance the benefits of high father involvement.
Sleep and stress in mother–toddler dyads living in low‐income homes
Authors: Bates Randi A. , Singletary Britt , Yacques Alexandre , Justice Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptimal sleeping behaviors are critical for overall development, yet some evidence suggests stress and living in a low‐income environment are associated with disruptions of sleeping behaviors early in life. In this study, we investigated the association of toddler sleeping behaviors, particularly difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep (DIMS), and maternal and toddler prolonged stress using hair cortisol from dyads living in low‐income homes. Hair cortisol was mainly sampled at the posterior vertex of mothers and toddlers (age 20–24 months) and analyzed with immunoassay (n = 94). Toddler DIMS were assessed at 15–19 and 27–31 months of age through mother‐rated reports using the Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire. We found no associations between toddler DIMS and maternal stress. Additionally, early DIMS did not predict toddler stress. However, while controlling for early DIMS and sociodemographic factors, we found that higher toddler stress predicted greater DIMS in later toddlerhood (b = −2.28, SE = 0.98, p = .02, ds = 0.64). These study findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of early life stress on later sleep patterns.
β2‐Adrenoceptor agonist activity of higenamine
Authors: Hudzik Thomas J. , Patel Metul , Brown Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigenamine was included in the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances and Methods List as a β2‐adrenoceptor agonist in 2017, thereby resulting in its prohibition both in and out of competition. The present mini review describes the physiology and pharmacology of adrenoceptors, summarizes the literature addressing the mechanism of action of higenamine and extends these findings with previously unpublished in silico and in vitro work. Studies conducted in isolated in vitro systems, whole‐animal preparations and a small number of clinical studies suggest that higenamine acts in part as a β2‐adrenoceptor agonist. In silico predictive tools indicated that higenamine and possibly a metabolite have a high probability of interacting with the β2‐receptor as an agonist. Stable expression of human β2‐receptors in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to measure agonist activity not only confirmed the activity of higenamine at β2 but also closely agreed with the in silico prediction of potency for this compound. These data confirm and extend literature findings supporting the inclusion of higenamine in the Prohibited List.
Matching methods to quantify wildfire effects on forest carbon mass in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Woo Hyeyoung , Eskelson Bianca N. I. , Monleon Vicente J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForest wildfires consume and redistribute carbon within forest carbon pools. Because the incidence of wildfires is unpredictable, quantifying wildfire effects is challenging due to the lack of prefire data or controls from experiments over a large landscape. We explored a quasi‐experimental method, propensity score matching, to estimate wildfire effects on aboveground forest woody carbon mass in Washington and Oregon, United States. Observational data, including national forest inventory plot measurements and satellite imagery metrics, were utilized to obtain a control set of unburned plots that are comparable to burned plots in terms of environmental conditions as well as spatial locations. Three matching methods were implemented: propensity score matching (PSM), spatial matching (SM), and distance‐adjusted propensity score matching (DAPSM). We investigated if propensity score matching with and without spatial adjustment led to different outcomes in terms of (1) balance in covariate distributions between burned and control plots, (2) mean carbon mass obtained from the selected control plots compared to burned and all unburned plots, and (3) estimates of wildfire effects by burn severity. We found that PSM and SM, which use only the environmental covariate set or the spatial distance for estimating propensity scores, respectively, did not appear to produce a comparable set of control plots in terms of the estimated propensity scores and the outcomes of mean carbon mass. DAPSM was the preferred method both in balancing the observed covariates and in dealing with unobservable confounding variables through spatial adjustment. The average wildfire effects estimated by DAPSM showed clear evidence of redistribution of carbon among aboveground woody pools, from live to dead trees, but the consumption of total woody carbon by wildfire was not substantial. Only moderate burn severity led to significant reduction of total woody carbon mass across Washington and Oregon forests (64% of control plots remained on average). This study provides an applied example of a quasi‐experimental approach to quantify the effects of a natural disturbance for which experimental settings are unavailable. The study results suggest that incorporating spatial information in addition to environmental covariates would yield a comparable set of control plots for wildfire effects quantification.
Pyric tree spatial patterning interactions in historical and contemporary mixed conifer forests, California, USA
Authors: Ziegler Justin P. , Hoffman Chad M. , Collins Brandon M. , Knapp Eric E. , Mell William (Ruddy) 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTree spatial patterns in dry coniferous forests of the western United States, and analogous ecosystems globally, were historically aggregated, comprising a mixture of single trees and groups of trees. Modern forests, in contrast, are generally more homogeneous and overstocked than their historical counterparts. As these modern forests lack regular fire, pattern formation and maintenance is generally attributed to fire. Accordingly, fires in modern forests may not yield historically analogous patterns. However, direct observations on how selective tree mortality among pre‐existing forest structure shapes tree spatial patterns is limited. In this study, we (a) simulated fires in historical and contemporary counterpart plots in a Sierra Nevadan mixed‐conifer forest, (b) estimated tree mortality, and (c) examined tree spatial patterns of live trees before and after fire, and of fire‐killed trees. Tree mortality in the historical period was clustered and density‐dependent, because trees were aggregated and segregated by tree size before fire. Thus, fires maintained an aggregated distribution of tree groups. Tree mortality in the contemporary period was widespread, except for dispersed large trees, because most trees were a part of large, interconnected tree groups. Thus, postfire tree patterns were more uniform and devoid of moderately sized tree groups. Postfire tree patterns in the historical period, unlike the contemporary period, were within the historical range of variability identified for the western United States. This divergence suggests that decades of forest dynamics without significant disturbances have altered the historical means of pyric pattern formation. Our results suggest that ecological silvicultural treatments, such as forest restoration thinnings, which emulate qualities of historical forests may facilitate the reintroduction of fire as a means to reinforce forest structural heterogeneity.