bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of phthalates in particulate matter and gaseous phase emitted in indoor air of offices
Authors: Szewczyńska Małgorzata , Dobrzyńska Elżbieta , Pośniak Małgorzata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhthalate esters (PAEs) are endocrine disrupters and can disrupt the functioning of different hormones, causing adverse effects on human health. Due to the potential exposure to phthalates in office rooms, their concentrations in the air of these premises after their renovation and furnishing were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the content of these compounds in the gas phase and adsorbed on the particles. Thus, the combined sampler with filters and adsorption tube was used for air sampling. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The gas fraction was dominated by dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and the inhalable fraction by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2-(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The total concentration of phthalates in the respirable fraction in the furnished rooms was as much as 92% of the phthalates determined in the inhalable fraction. In the rooms immediately after renovation and those arranged and used by employees for 7 months, their concentration in the respirable fraction did not exceed 25% of the phthalates in the inhalable fraction. Phthalate concentration in the renovated rooms after 7 months of their usage dropped by 84% in relation to PAEs concentration in newly arranged rooms and by 68% in relation to the phthalate concentration in empty rooms.
Punishment the Easy Way
Authors: Nathan Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSome argue against coercive preventive measures on the grounds that they amount to cloaked forms of punishment. Others offer a qualified defence of such measures on the grounds that such measures have substantively different goals and purposes from punishment. Focusing on the case of civil preventive injunctions, I clear the ground and provide reasons for a third logical possibility: that coercive preventive measures are relevantly similar to punishment, but this does not itself give us a reason to oppose them. ‘Punishment’ has a great deal of rhetorical force, and it thereby distracts us from the justificatory work that we need to do to specify proper restrictions on the state’s coercive powers. Whereas many commentators have proposed that legal theory provides grounds for challenging civil preventive orders, I argue for the opposite view. If we understand properly the function of civil preventive orders, we will endorse them at least in principle, and will come to rethink some central ideas in the grounding of the criminal justice processes.
„Ich bin perfekt – ich brauche kein Coaching!“
Authors: Diller S. J. , Stadlinger C. , Eberhard I. , Jonas E. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungBisher wurden Schwierigkeiten im Coaching wenig erforscht. Dieser Beitrag berichtet daher von Forschung, die zeigt, welche Herausforderungen im Coaching von Klienten mit narzisstischen Tendenzen auftreten können. Klienten mit narzisstischen Tendenzen wurden von den Coaches der Studien nicht nur als schwierig erlebt, sondern führten bei den Coaches auch zu impliziter Angst und Disstress. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt die Notwendigkeit von erfolgreichen Coaching-Strategien im Umgang mit narzisstischen Klienten auf. Eine mögliche Strategie, um als Coach nach solch einem Klienten die entstandene Angst und Disstress zu reduzieren, ist laut ersten Studien das Praktizieren von Achtsamkeit.
Recent trends in the incidence of hip fracture in Tottori Prefecture, Japan: changes over 32 years
Authors: Hagino Hiroshi , Osaki Mari , Okuda Reiko , Enokida Shinpei , Nagashima Hideki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Summary
The incidence rate of hip fracture in Tottori Prefecture tended to increase until 2018 in men, but it did not increase after 2010 in women. By type of fracture, the incidence rate of femoral neck fractures also increased over time in men, but no other changes were observed from 2010.

Purpose
The aims of this study were to determine the sex-, age-, and fracture-type-specific incidence rates of hip fractures in Tottori Prefecture between 2007 and 2018 and to compare the results with our past results to identify changes over time.

Methods
All hip fractures in people aged 35 years or older living in Tottori Prefecture were surveyed from 2007 to 2018 throughout the entire prefecture, and the age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated. The incidence rates from 1986 to 1988, 1992 to 1994, 1998 to 2000, and 2004 to 2006 previously reported were used for the analysis.

Results
In men, the age-adjusted number of patients adjusted by demographic structure based on the mean incidence rate for each 3-year period from 1986 to 2018 showed an increase in incidence over time compared with the incidence for 1986–1988 (p < 0.001). In women, the incidence rose over time compared with the incidence for 1986–1988 until 2004–2006 (p < 0.001), and no further increase was observed from 2010. The age-specific incidence rates of neck fracture in men were higher in 2010–2012 and 2016–2018 compared with 2004–2006 (p < 0.001), but those in women showed no increase with time. Those of trochanteric fracture did not change over time in either men or women.

Conclusion
The hip fracture incidence rate in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, tended to increase until 2018 in men, but it did not increase after 2010 in women.
Contactless Ultrasonic Treatment in Direct Chill Casting
Authors: Tonry Catherine E. H. , Bojarevics Valdis , Djambazov Georgi , Pericleous Koulis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUniformity of composition and grain refinement are desirable traits in the direct chill (DC) casting of non-ferrous alloy ingots. Ultrasonic treatment is a proven method for achieving grain refinement, with uniformity of composition achieved by additional melt stirring. The immersed sonotrode technique has been employed for this purpose to treat alloys both within the launder prior to DC casting and directly in the sump. In both cases, mixing is weak, relying on buoyancy-driven flow or in the latter case on acoustic streaming. In this work, we consider an alternative electromagnetic technique used directly in the caster, inducing ultrasonic vibrations coupled to strong melt stirring. This ‘contactless sonotrode’ technique relies on a kilohertz-frequency induction coil lowered towards the melt, with the frequency tuned to reach acoustic resonance within the melt pool. The technique developed with a combination of numerical models and physical experiments has been successfully used in batch to refine the microstructure and to degas aluminum in a crucible. In this work, we extend the numerical model, coupling electromagnetics, fluid flow, gas cavitation, heat transfer, and solidification to examine the feasibility of use in the DC process. Simulations show that a consistent resonant mode is obtainable within a vigorously mixed melt pool, with high-pressure regions at the Blake threshold required for cavitation localized to the liquidus temperature. It is assumed that extreme conditions in the mushy zone due to cavitation would promote dendrite fragmentation and coupled with strong stirring, would lead to fine equiaxed grains.
Design of an automatic optical system to measure anthropometric hand parameters
Authors: Bianchi Matteo , Ridolfi Alessandro , Secciani Nicola , Servi Michaela , Volpe Yary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPersonalized medicine is an effective tool to improve the quality of rehabilitation and treatment for patients with disabilities. This study deals with the development of a low-cost hand scanner for the acquisition of anthropometric measures. The data acquired by the scanner is used, thanks to the developed procedure, to tailor the dimensions of a hand exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is used for assistive and rehabilitation purposes.
Financial Stress and Subjective Wellbeing among Children -Evidence from Finland
Authors: Lindberg Marja , Nygård Mikael , Nyqvist Fredrica , Hakovirta Mia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article we analyse how subjective wellbeing amongst Finnish children is associated with experiences of financial stress, that is, worries about money and one’s financial situation. We focus on both affective and cognitive components of subjective wellbeing in order to receive a broader understanding on children’s subjective wellbeing. We use Finnish data from the International survey of children’s lives conducted by the Children’s Worlds Project during the years 2013–2014. The results show that experienced financial stress is negatively and more strongly associated with cognitive subjective wellbeing than with affective subjective wellbeing, even when controlling for socioeconomic and other factors found to be influential for subjective wellbeing in previous research.
Measuring creativity: an account of natural and artificial creativity
Authors: Moruzzi Caterina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the recent upsurge of interest in the investigation of creativity, the question of how to measure creativity is arguably underdiscussed. The aim of this paper is to address this gap, proposing a multidimensional account of creativity which identifies problem-solving, evaluation, and naivety as measurable features that are common among creative processes. The benefits that result from the adoption of this model are twofold: integrating discussions on creativity in various domains and offering the tools to assess creativity across systems of different kinds. By situating creativity within this framework, I aim to contribute to a non-anthropocentric, more comprehensive understanding of the notion, and to debates on natural and artificial creativity.
Trajectory optimisation of satellite launch vehicles using network flow-based algorithm
Authors: Zardashti R. , Rahimi S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTA trajectory optimisation procedure is addressed to generate a reference trajectory for Satellite Launch Vehicles (SLVs). Using a grid-based discrete scheme, a Modified Minimum Cost Network Flow (MCNF)-based algorithm over a large-scale network is proposed. By using the network grid around the Earth and the discrete dynamic equations of motion, the optimum trajectory from a launch point to the desired orbit is obtained exactly by minimisation of a cost functional subject to the nonlinear dynamics and mission constraints of the SLV. Several objectives such as the flight time and terminal conditions may be assigned to each arc in the network. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm to generate an admissible trajectory in the minimum possible time compared with previous works.
Forage plant mixture type interacts with soil moisture to affect soil nutrient availability in the short term
Authors: Shepperd S. , Thomson A. , Beaumont D. , Misselbrook T. , Jones H. , Reynolds C. , Lukac M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgricultural intensification within forage systems has reduced grassland floral diversity by promoting ryegrass (Lolium spp.), damaging soil functionality which underpins critical ecosystem services. Diverse forage mixtures may enhance environmental benefits of pastures by decreasing nutrient leaching, increasing soil carbon storage, and with legume inclusion, reduce nitrogen fertilizer input. This UK study reports on how species-rich forage mixtures affect soil carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen at dry, medium and wet soil moisture sites, compared to ryegrass monoculture. Increasing forage mixture diversity (from 1 to 17 species) affected soil carbon at the dry site. No effect of forage mixture on soil phosphorus was found, while forage mixture and site did interact to affect soil nitrate/nitrite availability. Results suggest that forage mixtures could be used to improve soil function, but longer-term studies are needed to conclusively demonstrate environmental and production benefits of high-diversity forages.
Reverberating theGlas: Towards a Deconstructive Account of Particularity in Hegel's Logic of the Concept
Authors: Mácha Jakub 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding Hegel's account of particularity has proven to be anything but straightforward. Two main accounts of particularity have been advanced: the particular as an example or instance and the particular as a subjective perspective on a universal concept. The problem with these accounts is that they reduce particularity either to singularity or to universality. As Derrida's analyses make apparent, the ‘structure of exemplarity’ in Hegel is quite intricate. Hegel uses ‘example’ in three senses: it means (1) ‘instance’, ‘illustration’, or (2) ‘model’, ‘exemplary individual’, ‘paradigm’, or (3) a by-play (a meaning derived from Hegel's neologismbeiherspielen, in whichBeispielis understood quasi-etymologically as a ‘by-play’ of accidental moments). ABeispielin the first sense can be replaced by another instance in a free play (by-play). This play of accidental moments, however, is not entirely free; it generates a series (of replacements) that ultimately leads to an example in the second sense, to an exemplary individual. I argue that particularity can be taken as exemplarity of this kind, oscillating between a singular example and a universal paradigm. Within this by-play, the universal concept, its law, is supposed to be mediated and determined. However, out of the differences between the examples the by-play induces another law, the law of non-mediation, which may, in Derrida's view, actually negate the dialectical movement towards universality. I argue, utilizing Malabou's concept of plasticity, that this disruption may be recovered. This implies that each individual example within a series is a particular determination of the universal. Hence, we can take literally Hegel's claim that the movement of the concept is play.
Catholicism Decentralized: Local Religion in the Early Modern Periphery
Authors: Kümin Beat , Tramontana Felicita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExpanding upon recent work on the heterogeneity of Catholicism and the challenges facing Tridentine reformers, this article examines local religion in two “extreme” settings: the village republic of Gersau in Central Switzerland and the missionary territory of the Custody of the Holy Land. Following conceptual remarks, the authors sketch the distinct secular contexts as well the phased evolution of localized networks for the administration of the cure of souls, the latter starting in the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, respectively. A consistently comparative approach reveals notable similarities—in terms of expanding spiritual provision and better record keeping—alongside substantial differences—especially between the clearly demarcated territorial parishes in the Alps and a more punctual system of sacrament centers in Palestine. At Gersau, where diocesan structures were weak, the church operated under the close supervision of a commune with extensive powers stretching to the rights of advowson and benefice administration. Around Jerusalem, the Franciscans—whose custos acted as the vicar apostolic—used material incentives to win over converts from other Christian denominations. Building on recent reassessments of the post-Tridentine Church, both examples thus underline the strong position of the laity in the confessional age and the need to acknowledge local sociopolitical as well as organizational factors in the formation of early modern Catholicism.
Female Monasticism in Revolutionary Times: The Nizhnii Novgorod Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross, 1917–1935
Authors: Wagner William G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEven though after the October Revolution in 1917 the Bolsheviks enjoyed uninterrupted power and pursued radical secularist objectives, the majority of female monastic communities in Nizhnii Novgorod province were able to survive much longer than their counterparts in the French and Mexican Revolutions. Using the Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross as a case study, this article shows how—despite extremely challenging conditions and the hostility of the Soviet state—female monastic communities proved to be remarkably resilient and managed to exploit openings created by both the Bolsheviks’ strategy for subverting them and conflicts between Soviet authorities. The resiliency of the community at the Convent of the Exaltation of the Cross stemmed from the solidarity, flexibility, and leadership skills it cultivated prior to World War I through the combination of its religious character and practices and its communal organization. By the early 1920s, the community had adapted effectively to post-civil war Soviet urban conditions and was able to survive local attempts to dissolve it. But by the late 1920s, the survival of the community had become intolerable for Soviet authorities, who—like the revolutionary regimes in France and Mexico—ultimately resorted to compulsory means to “liquidate” the community between 1927 and 1935.
Acoustic shock: an update review
Authors: Parker W A E , Parker V L , Parker G , Parker A J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis paper discusses the concept of acoustic shock based on a literature review and the results of our own research into cases seen in both clinical and medicolegal practice. With the demise of traditional ‘metal bashing’ and ‘smoke stack’ heavy industries, there has been a decline in the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus in this form of employment. However, with the increasing establishment of call centre work, the emergence of acoustic shock has been noted. Acoustic shock is recognised as a clinical entity distinct from noise-induced hearing loss and acoustic trauma.ObjectiveThis article discusses clinical implications, medicolegal considerations in light of a recent high-profile court case and proposed criteria for diagnosis.
Dexamethasone downregulates the expressions of MMP-9 and oxidative stress in mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection
Authors: Tsai Hung-Chin , Chen Yu-Hsin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSteroids have been shown to be beneficial in patients and mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection; however, the mechanism for this beneficial effect is unknown. We speculated that the effect of steroids in eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection may be mediated by the downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and oxidative stress pathways via glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). We found blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in mice with eosinophilic meningitis 2–3 weeks after infection as evidenced by increased extravasation of Evans blue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin levels. The administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased the amount of Evans blue and CSF albumin. The effect of dexamethasone was mediated by GRs and heat shock protein 70, resulting in subsequent decreases in the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the CSF and brain parenchymal after 2 weeks of steroid administration. Steroid treatment also decreased CSF/brain homogenate MMP-9 concentrations, but had no effect on CSF MMP-2 levels, indicating that MMP-9 rather than MMP-2 played a major role in BBB dysfunction in mice with eosinophilic meningitis. The concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) gradually increased after 1–3 weeks of infection, and the administration of dexamethasone significantly downregulated the concentration of oxidized derivative 8-OHdG in CSF. In conclusion, increased 8-OHdG and MMP-9 concentrations were found in mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection. The effect of dexamethasone was mediated by GRs and significantly decreased not only the levels of 8-OHdG and MMP-9 but also NF-κB, JNK and ERK.
Adaptive Fuzzy Finite-Time Command-Filtered Backstepping Control of Flexible-Joint Robots
Authors: Datouo Roger , Mvogo Ahanda Joseph Jean-Baptiste , Melingui Achille , Biya-Motto Frédéric , Essimbi Zobo Bernard 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYThe problem of finite-time tracking control forn-link flexible-joint robot manipulators is addressed. An adaptive fuzzy finite-time command-filtered backstepping control scheme is presented to solve the following problems: “explosion of terms” problem, finite-time stabilization of the closed-loop system, and the reduction of computational cost. To this end, new virtual adaptive control signals and new finite-time error compensation mechanism are constructed using inherent properties of robot manipulator systems. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the finite-time stabilization of the closed-loop system is proved. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Physiology and philhellenism in the late nineteenth century: The self-fashioning of Emil du Bois-Reymond
Authors: Beiermann Lea , Wesseling Elisabeth 
Published: October 2020

ArgumentNineteenth-century Prussia was deeply entrenched in philhellenism, which affected the ideological framework of its public institutions. At Berlin’s Friedrich Wilhelm University, philhellenism provided the rationale for a persistent elevation of the humanities over the burgeoning experimental life sciences. Despite this outspoken hierarchy, professor of physiology Emil du Bois-Reymond eventually managed to increase the prestige of his discipline considerably. We argue that du Bois-Reymond’s use of philhellenic repertoires in his expositions on physiology for the educated German public contributed to the rise of physiology as a renowned scientific discipline. Du Bois-Reymond’s rhetorical strategies helped to disassociate experimental physiology from clinical medicine, legitimize experimental practices, and associate the emerging discipline with the more esteemed humanities and theoretical sciences. His appropriation of philhellenic rhetoric thus spurred the late nineteenth-century change in disciplinary hierarchies and helped to pave the way for the current hegemonic position of the life sciences.
Practices of reasoning: persuasion and refutation in a seventeenth-century Chinese mathematical treatise of “linear algebra”
Authors: Chen Jiang-Ping Jeff 
Published: October 2020

ArgumentThis article documents the reasoning in a mathematical work by Mei Wending, one of the most prolific mathematicians in seventeenth-century China. Based on an analysis of the mathematical content, we present Mei’s systematic treatment of this particular genre of problems,fangcheng, and his efforts to refute the traditional practices in works that appeared earlier. His arguments were supported by the epistemological values he utilized to establish his system and refute the flaws in the traditional approaches. Moreover, in the context of the competition between the Chinese and Western approaches to mathematics, Mei was motivated to demonstrate that the genre offangchengproblems was purely a “Chinese” achievement, not discussed by the Jesuits. Mei’s motivations were mostly expressed primarily in the prefaces to his works, in his correspondence with other scholars, in synopses of his poems, and in biographical records of some of his contemporaries.