bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in effects of ectosymbiotic microbes on the growth rates among different species and genotypes of Daphnia fed different algal diets
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Ohtsuki Hajime , Makino Wataru , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral recent studies have shown that ectosymbiotic bacterial microbiota, including gut microbes, affect the growth and reproduction of Daphnia, a key organism in lake ecosystems. However, these studies examined specific species, such as the model organism, Daphnia magna, and used green algae as food. It is unclear if symbiotic bacteria affect fitness in other Daphnia species common in lakes and ponds in Japan. In this study, we examined the growth rates of sterilized individuals of two Daphnia pulex genotypes with D. magna using the green algae Scenedesmus and the diatom Cyclotella as algal diets. In addition, we examined the growth rate of the sterilized D. pulex individuals infected by Limnohabitans spp., previously reported to promote the fitness of D. magna as ectosymbiotic bacteria. We found that the effects of ectosymbiotic bacteria on growth rate differed not only between different genotypes of D. pulex but also between individuals fed the different algal diets. The results suggest that the genotype‐ and diet‐specific differences in fitness‐dependency on the ectosymbiotic microbiota can be factors affecting the genetic structures of D. pulex populations.
On the asymmetric effects of exchange‐rate volatility on trade flows: Evidence from Korea‐U.S. commodity trade
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Baek Jungho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies that investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on Korean trade flows assumed that the effects are symmetric. When we change this assumption and investigate the asymmetric effects of the real won‐dollar volatility on 61 U.S. exporting industries to Korea and on 49 U.S. importing industries from Korea, we discover relatively more significant and asymmetric effects. Indeed, we find short‐run asymmetric effects in 37 U.S. exporting industries that last into significant long‐run asymmetric effects in 29 of them. We also find short‐run asymmetric effects on imports of 24 industries that last into significant long‐run asymmetric effects in 33 out of 49 industries.
More on a Murder: The Deaths of the ‘Princes in the Tower’, and Historiographical Implications for the Regimes of Henry VII and Henry VIII
Authors: THORNTON TIM 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSir Thomas More's account of the murder of the ‘princes in the Tower’ has been treated with varying degrees of scepticism over the past century and a half. More's History of King Richard III is notable, nonetheless, for the way it provides precise circumstantial detail and responsibility for the focal point of the succession crisis of 1483. More's account of those deaths is all the more striking because central to it were several individuals who were still alive at the time of its writing, survivors of the episode and their immediate families. This article explores the identity and experience of those at the heart of the murder story in the context of its creation in the 1510s, especially the man who may well have been the surviving murderer, John Dighton, and Edward and Miles, the prominent royal servant sons of his alleged partner in crime, Miles Forest – and More's contacts with them. In doing so, it sheds some light, if not on the history's absolute veracity, then at least on the first decades of its development in the England of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, and the implications for historiography and the nature of the contemporary regime.
Synergistic effects of MDMA and ethanol on behavior: Possible effects of ethanol on dopamine D2‐receptor‐related signaling
Authors: Mori Tomohisa , Iwase Yoshiyuki , Uzawa Naoki , Takahashi Yui , Mochizuki Ayano , Fukase Mika , Shibasaki Masahiro , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolydrug abuse is common among drug abusers. In particular, psychostimulants are often taken with ethanol, and the combination of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and alcohol is one of the most common forms of polydrug abuse. However, the mechanism by which these drugs influence behavior remains unclear. The present study was designed to delineate the mechanisms that underlie the effects of the interaction between MDMA and ethanol on behavior in rodents. The combination of MDMA with ethanol enhanced their locomotor‐increasing, rewarding, and discriminative stimulus effects without enhancing their effects on the release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens in rodents. In addition, ethanol potently enhanced locomotor activity produced by the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine in mice. In antagonism tests, the dopamine D1‐receptor antagonist SCH23390, but not the D2‐receptor antagonist haloperidol, completely suppressed hyperlocomotion induced by MDMA. However, hyperlocomotion induced by the co‐administration of MDMA and ethanol was potently suppressed by haloperidol. These results suggest that the synergistic effects of MDMA and ethanol are mediated through dopamine transmission, especially through postsynaptical regulation of D2‐receptor‐mediated functions.
The Unequal Distribution of Opportunity: A National Audit Study of Bureaucratic Discrimination in Primary School Access
Authors: Olsen Asmus Leth , Kyhse‐Andersen Jonas Høgh , Moynihan Donald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdministrators can use their discretion to discriminate in the provision of public services via two mechanisms. They make decisions to allocate public services, allowing them to discriminate via allocative exclusion. They can also discriminate by targeting administrative burdens toward outgroups to make bureaucratic processes more onerous. While prior audit studies only examine the use of administrative burdens, we offer evidence of both mechanisms. We sent a request to all Danish primary schools (N = 1,698) from an ingroup (a typical Danish name) and outgroup (a Muslim name) father asking if it was possible to move his child to the school. While both groups received similar response rates, we find large differences in discrimination via allocative exclusion: Danes received a clear acceptance 25% of the time, compared to 15% for Muslims. Muslims also faced greater administrative burdens in the form of additional questions.
Pregnancy complications among refugee women: A systematic review
Authors: Harakow Hawa‐Idil , Hvidman Lone , Wejse Christian , Eiset Andreas H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability for women. Women of refugee background may be further challenged in pregnancy due to a complex series of physical, psychological and social factors. Previous studies show ambiguous results, with some showing increased the risk of prenatal complications in refugees compared with their native counterparts, whereas other studies report the opposite. With the current steep rise in the number of refugees and displaced persons worldwide, research is important to understand whether pregnancy disparities between this population and their native counterparts exist, and the causes. This systematic literature review aims to find out whether refugee women have a higher prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and prenatal infections compared with native women.Material and methodsWe conducted a literature search in the databases PubMed and Embase, supplemented with screening of reference lists and citations for relevant literature. We included studies published in English reporting risk of preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion and stillbirths, preterm birth, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and adverse prenatal infectious diseases in women of refugee status. PROSPERO registration CRD42020205628.ResultsWe identified 19 articles eligible for inclusion: 12 were cross‐sectional, six were cohort studies and one was a case‐control study. The most frequently reported outcome in the literature was preterm birth (reported in 16 of the studies) and preeclampsia (reported in 11 of the studies). Refugees had increased risk of stillbirth (reported relative risk ranging from 1.20 to 2.24) and spontaneous abortion (reported relative risk ranging from 1.56 to 1.58), when compared with native women and a decreased risk of preeclampsia (reported relative risk ranging from 0.65 to 0.81).ConclusionsThe small number of articles eligible for inclusion in the review highlights the lack of research and knowledge on refugee health during pregnancy. Further research is required to understand and reduce disparities in pregnancy outcomes between refugee and non‐refugee women.
Sensorial, color, lipid oxidation, and visual acceptability of dry‐aged beef from young bulls with different fat thickness
Authors: Passetti Rodrigo Augusto Cortêz , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Santos Gladston Rafael de Arruda , Bonin Edinéia , Vital Ana Carolina Pelaes , Ramos Tatiane Rogelio , Passetti Ludmila Couto Gomes , Ornaghi Mariana Garcia , Costa Izabelle Crystine Almeida , Prado Ivanor Nunes do 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reduction in slaughter age with minimum fat and dry aging process improves meat tenderness, however, its shelf‐life in display has not been studied. It was evaluated the sensorial, and the color, lipid oxidation, and visual acceptance in display of dry‐aged beef (0, 14, and 28 days) from young bulls slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thickness (2.00, 3.00, and 4.00 mm). Meat with 2.00 and 3.00 mm fat had higher acceptability than 4.00 mm (p < .05). Dry aging improved overall acceptability of consumers. Meat with 2.00 and 3.00 mm fat presented higher lightness and lipid oxidation values than 4.00 mm (p < .05) but similar visual acceptance was observed. Dry‐aged beef (14 and 28 days) had lower lightness, but higher redness (p < .05) than not dry aged (0 days). Display reduced color over time, for all dry‐aged treatments (p < .05). Dry aging process increased lipid oxidation but these values were below 2.00 mg/kg of malonaldehyde only in the first day of display. Dry aged for 14 days had similar visual acceptability to not dry‐aged beef until the third day of display (p < .05). Shelf‐life of 0, 14, and 28 days of dry aged was 5.41, 2.55, and 0.23 days. Despite of the increase in lipid oxidation and lightness, the sensorial and display acceptability of meat from young bulls was not prejudiced by the reduction in fat thickness. Beef dry‐aged for 14 days was visually well accepted and could be displayed for 2.55 days without compromising acceptability.
The effects of cooperative learning on trait emotional intelligence and academic achievement of Spanish primary school students
Authors: Carlos Torrego‐Seijo Juan , Caballero‐García Presentación Ángeles , Lorenzo‐Llamas Elena M. 
Published: December 2020

Increasing the students' academic achievement in the international evaluation arena is a challenge for our country, and cooperative learning and emotional intelligence may be a solution for this problem. The link between cooperative learning, emotional intelligence, and academic achievement has been poorly studied so far. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the influence of cooperative learning on trait emotional intelligence and academic achievement. The methodology used was a quasi‐experimental design with pre/post‐measurements and experimental/control groups. The participants were primary education students (n = 692) and teachers (n = 24) from eight public schools in Madrid, Spain. The instruments used were the Emotional Quotient‐Youth Version questionnaire and internal and external assessment tests. Our results indicated that cooperative learning improved scores of one dimension of trait emotional intelligence, change adaptability, and students' academic achievement (Mathematics and Spanish Language). We discussed the possible implications of these outcomes for educational practice.
Midfacial degloving for juvenile angiofibroma: A case‐series of 21 adult males
Authors: Scholfield Daniel W. , Clarke Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the midfacial degloving approach and compare the varying surgical approaches to juvenile angiofibromas. To demonstrate the efficacy of midfacial degloving in treating large juvenile angiofibromas in a unique patient cohort.DesignA retrospective case‐series between 2006 and 2019.SettingAll patient care was undertaken at a regional skull base referral centre.ParticipantsTwenty‐one male patients with a median age of 18 (range 16‐45 years).Main outcome measuresPresenting symptoms, imaging, stage, age at operation, residual disease, estimated blood loss and operative time were all recorded. Postoperative outcomes included complications, length of stay and recurrence.ResultsThe median surgical time was 105 minutes (range 55‐219 minutes), median estimated blood loss 600 mls (range 150‐900 mls) and median length of stay was 4 days (range 2‐13 days.). Complications included two episodes of epistaxis, one requiring packing and one return to theatre. 14% (3/21) of patients had residual disease, none requiring further treatment and one patient had recurrence.ConclusionsMFD for JNA in our series resulted in low recurrence rate and no progression of residual disease. The approach has been successful in our cohort of patients and is an option in males over the age of 16 years, with JA extending beyond the nasopharynx and sinuses, involving the infratemporal fossa, cavernous sinus or orbital region.
Stigmatisierung durch Haarausfall – eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Schielein Maximilian Christian , Tizek Linda , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Sommer Rachel , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHaarausfall ist ein Symptom, das Stigmatisierung und starke Einbußen in der Lebensqualität mit sich bringen kann. Ziel dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Literatur zum Thema Stigmatisierung bei Haarausfall auszuwerten. Mit vordefinierten MeSH‐Begriffen und Schlagwörtern wurde eine systematische Suche in den Datenbanken MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO und PsycNET durchgeführt. Eine zeitliche Einschränkung wurde nicht vorgenommen (letzte Aktualisierung: 07. Mai 2019; PROSPERO Registrierungsnummer: CRD42019122966). Es wurden insgesamt 98 Studien identifiziert, von denen elf eingeschlossen wurden. Der Hairdex, ein Fragebogen zur krankheitsspezifischen Lebensqualität, war das meistverwendete Instrument zur quantitativen Erfassung von Stigmatisierung. Die Studien waren sehr heterogen und Werte für die Stigmatisierung durch androgenetische Alopezie schwankten stark. Ungeachtet der Pathogenese leiden Patienten mit Haarausfall jedoch häufig an Stigmatisierung, die ihre Lebensqualität einschränkt. Die Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit sichtbaren Hautveränderungen wird im klinischen Alltag und beim Umgang mit Betroffenen bisher oft vernachlässigt. Studien, die sich spezifisch mit der Stigmatisierung durch Haarausfall befassen, sind rar. Es bedarf weiterer Studien, die Vergleiche zwischen Haarverlust unterschiedlicher Pathogenese und zwischen Alopezie und anderen sichtbaren Dermatosen ermöglichen, um die psychosoziale Belastung durch Haarausfall besser einordnen zu können.
Scleromyxedema
Authors: Hoffmann Jochen H. O. , Enk Alexander H. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryScleromyxedema is a rare, cutaneous deposition disorder from the group of mucinoses, which can affect multiple organs and is virtually always associated with a monoclonal gammopathy. Cutaneous manifestations are usually generalized, 2 to 3 mm sized, dome‐shaped or flat‐topped, waxy, slightly red to skin‐colored papules and sclerodermoid indurations. Neurological, rheumatological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory tract, renal and ophthalmologic manifestations can occur, with decreasing frequency. A serious and potentially lethal complication is the dermato‐neuro syndrome which manifests with flu‐like prodromes followed by fever, convulsions and coma. Untreated, scleromyxedema usually takes an unpredictable and potentially lethal progressive disease course over several years. According to a widely acknowledged classification by Rongioletti a diagnosis of scleromyxedema can be rendered when (1) generalized, papular and sclerodermoid eruption, (2) a histological triad of mucin deposition, fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis, and (3) monoclonal gammopathy are present, and (4) thyroid disease is absent. Apart from the classic microscopic triad, an interstitial granuloma annulare like pattern was also described. The pathogenesis of scleromyxedema is unknown. A potential role for various, as yet unknown serum factors has been discussed. An unequivocal causal relationship between paraproteinemia and disease manifestations could not be established to date. High dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are the first‐line treatment of choice according to the most recent European guidelines.
Women as “gold dust”: Gender diversity in top boards and the performance of Italian banks
Authors: Del Prete Silvia , Stefani Maria Lucia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects on riskiness and performance of gender diversity in Italian bank boards. Italy deserves special attention because European comparisons for the 2000s show that it was among the European Union countries where women were least represented in bank boardrooms, and this gap remains even in a quota law regime. Our main econometric results suggest that gender diversity may have a positive impact on the credit portfolio riskiness and on profitability. Both results may be driven by women's higher risk aversion and their higher propensity to monitor activities, suggesting that women are “gold dust” for Italian banks. These findings, obtained by using a unique data set over the period 1995–2010 and by taking into account possible sources of endogeneity, support the effectiveness on bank performance of greater female presence on boards. Moreover, our econometric set‐up could offer a benchmark for further analysis on gender diversity effects for many countries, where a gender quota law is still not in place.
Pan trap color preference across Hymenoptera in a forest clearing
Authors: Buffington Matthew L. , Garretson Alexis , Kula Robert R. , Gates Michael W. , Carpenter Ryan , Smith David R. , Kula Abigail A.R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInsect biodiversity reveals much about ecosystem health and function; however, field studies of insect community composition and diversity are often unintentionally biased by the sampling methods deployed in the study area. Pan traps, particularly yellow pan traps, are a common method for passive community assessment across a variety of taxonomic levels. Our study finds that the diversity, richness, and abundance of hymenopterans in pan trapping projects are significantly impacted by the color of the pan trap deployed. Additionally, we find that individual species display significant preferences for not only yellow pan traps but also for white, fluorescent yellow, blue, and fluorescent blue pans. Our data support recent studies that suggest yellow traps alone may be insufficient for sampling the true diversity of certain hymenopteran groups in a region.
Abdominal obesity and its associated factors among older adults in Malaysia
Authors: Baharudin@Shaharuddin Azli , Abdul Aziz Nur Shahida , Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan , Manjit Singh Jayvikramjit Singh , Chan Ying Ying , Palaniveloo Lalitha , Kee Chee Cheong , Zulkafly Norlida , Ibrahim Wong Norazizah , Salleh Ruhaya , Selamat Rusidah 
Published: December 2020

AimThe rise in the prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO), in particular, has become a major concern as it contributes to diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease and certain types of cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of AO among older adults aged ≥60 years in Malaysia.MethodsThis was a nationwide cross‐sectional study using two‐stage stratified random sampling. In total, 3977 older adults aged ≥60 years were involved in this study. Socio‐demography characteristics were obtained using self‐administered questionnaire. AO was measured using waist circumference and classified according to the cut‐off values of ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women based on the WHO recommendation. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis using a complex sample design were performed for data analysis.ResultsOur findings showed that 2371 (67.3%) older adults had AO. Older adults who were from urban areas (69.7%), of women (78.4%), married (66.7%), with tertiary education (73.6%) and unemployed (70.9%) had the highest prevalence of AO. Those from urban areas (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.29), women (aOR = 3.12), unemployed (aOR = 1.14), diagnosed with hypertension (aOR = 1.56) and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 2.08) were also significantly associated with a higher risk of AO.ConclusionsThis study identified several risk factors that are associated with AO among older adults in Malaysia. Such information is important and needed to improve the healthcare system systematically, enable nutrition screening and appropriate intervention to combat the growing AO in Malaysia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 68–72.
Relationship between urinary incontinence and quality of life of older persons in Malaysia
Authors: Taufik Ramli Muhd H , Lodz Noor Aliza , Abdul Aziz Fazly Azry , Maw Pin Tan , Alias Nazirah , Abdul Mutalip Mohd Hatta , Sahril Norhafizah , Kassim Mohd Shaiful Azlan , Mat Rifin Halizah , Muhammad Eida Nurhadzira 
Published: December 2020

AimsAs the Malaysian population is aging rapidly, there is an urgent need for an effective management plan for healthy aging, to extend life expectancy and to improve quality of life (QoL). Urinary incontinence (UI), which is common in older persons, is often linked to reduced QoL. This study aimed to determine the effects of UI on QoL among older persons in Malaysia.MethodsThis study was based on data obtained from 3716 Malaysians aged ≥60 years as part of the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018. QoL was measured using the Control, Autonomy, Self‐realization and Pleasure 19‐item (CASP‐19) questionnaire. UI was measured using the Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) score. Association between UI and QoL were examined using linear regression analysis, after controlling socio‐demographic variables and comorbidities.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of UI was 5.2%. By subtypes, the prevalence of stress UI and urge UI were both 2.0%, while that of mixed UI was 1.3%. The UI group rated their lives more negatively in all four domains of QoL compared with non‐UI group. Those who were incontinent had lower standardized scores on control and autonomy domains of CASP‐19 as well as total score. Results from linear regression analysis indicated that UI had a significantly negative impact on control and autonomy domains of QoL after controlling for socio‐demographic factors and comorbidities.ConclusionUI contributes to a significant reduction on QoL of older persons. Healthcare providers need to be sensitive in evaluating and discussing UI, particularly with their older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 38–42.