bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of disruption of Si-rich microstructure in engineering-lightweight Al–12.2at.%Si alloy melt above liquidus temperature
Authors: Dong Xixi , Li Peijie , Amirkhanlou Sajjad , Ji Shouxun , Popel Pjotr S. , Dahlborg Ulf , Calvo-Dahlborg Monique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exploration of microstructures in high temperature alloy melts is important for manufacturing of metallic components but extremely challenging. Here, we report experimental evidence of the disruption of Si-rich microstructure in engineering-lightweight Al–12.2at.%Si alloy melt at 1100 °C, via melt-spinning (MS) of Al1−xSix (x = 0.03,0.07,0.122,0.2) alloy melts from different initial melt temperatures, 800 °C and 1100 °C, under the super-high cooling rate of ~ 106 °C/s, in cooperation with the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurement. Si particles in 1100 °C MS alloys are abnormally smaller and increased in number at Al–12.2at.%Si, compared with 800 °C MS alloys, which demonstrates the disruption of Si-rich microstructure in Al–12.2at.%Si alloy melt at 1100 °C. SANS experiment verifies that large quantities of small (0–10 nm) Si-rich microstructures and small quantities of large (10–240 nm) Si-rich microstructures exist in Al–12.2at.%Si alloy melt, and the large Si-rich microstructures disrupt into small Si-rich microstructures with increasing of melt temperature from 800 to 1100 °C. Microstructure analysis of the MS alloys indicates that the large Si-rich microstructures in Al–12.2at.%Si alloy melt are probably aggregates comprising multiple small Si-rich microstructures. This work also provides a pathway for the exploration of microstructures in other high temperature alloy melts.
Synergistic drug combinations and machine learning for drug repurposing in chordoma
Authors: Anderson Edward , Havener Tammy M. , Zorn Kimberley M. , Foil Daniel H. , Lane Thomas R. , Capuzzi Stephen J. , Morris Dave , Hickey Anthony J. , Drewry David H. , Ekins Sean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChordoma is a devastating rare cancer that affects one in a million people. With a mean-survival of just 6 years and no approved medicines, the primary treatments are surgery and radiation. In order to speed new medicines to chordoma patients, a drug repurposing strategy represents an attractive approach. Drugs that have already advanced through human clinical safety trials have the potential to be approved more quickly than de novo discovered medicines on new targets. We have taken two strategies to enable this: (1) generated and validated machine learning models of chordoma inhibition and screened compounds of interest in vitro. (2) Tested combinations of approved kinase inhibitors already being individually evaluated for chordoma. Several published studies of compounds screened against chordoma cell lines were used to generate Bayesian Machine learning models which were then used to score compounds selected from the NIH NCATS industry-provided assets. Out of these compounds, the mTOR inhibitor AZD2014, was the most potent against chordoma cell lines (IC50 0.35 µM U-CH1 and 0.61 µM U-CH2). Several studies have shown the importance of the mTOR signaling pathway in chordoma and suggest it as a promising avenue for targeted therapy. Additionally, two currently FDA approved drugs, afatinib and palbociclib (EGFR and CDK4/6 inhibitors, respectively) demonstrated synergy in vitro (CI50 = 0.43) while AZD2014 and afatanib also showed synergy (CI50 = 0.41) against a chordoma cell in vitro. These findings may be of interest clinically, and this in vitro- and in silico approach could also be applied to other rare cancers.
Photon-generated carrier transfer process from graphene to quantum dots: optical evidences and ultrafast photonics applications
Authors: Wang X. , Li X. H. , Jiang C. , Brown C. T. A. , Ning J. Q. , Zhang K. , Yu Q. , Ge X. T. , Wang Q. J. , Zhang Z. Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGraphene/III–V semiconductor van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer potential access to physics, functionalities, and superior performance of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the lack of a bandgap in graphene severely restricts the controllability of carrier properties and therefore impedes its applications. Here, we demonstrate the engineering of graphene bandgap in the graphene/GaAs heterostructure via C and Ga exchange induced by the method of femtosecond laser irradiation (FLI). The coupling of the bandgap-opened graphene with GaAs significantly enhances both the harvest of photons and the transfer of photon-generated carriers across the interface of vdW heterostructures. Thus, as a demonstration example, it allows us to develop a saturable absorber combining a delicately engineered graphene/GaAs vdW heterostructure with InAs quantum dots capped with short-period superlattices. This device exhibits significantly improved nonlinear characteristics including <1/3 saturation intensity and modulation depth 20 times greater than previously reported semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors. This work not only opens the route for the future development of even higher performance mode-locked lasers, but the significantly enhanced nonlinear characteristics due to doping-induced bandgap opening of graphene by FLI in the vdW heterostructures will also inspire wide applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Titanium disulfide as Schottky/ohmic contact for monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Gao Junsen , Gupta Manisha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract2D semiconductors like Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) still have issues in forming good metal electrode (Schottky and Ohmic) especially for mono layer (ML) to few layers thick due to strain and metallization issues. Here, we explore a 2D semi-metal, titanium disulfide (TiS2), for making different types of contacts with ML MoS2using density functional theory (DFT). It is observed that ML TiS2induces ML MoS2to become p-type with a doping density of 3.85 × 1017 cm−3which becomes larger with thicker TiS2. Thus, TiS2can thus be utilized as a variable contact material ohmic if the MoS2is p-type and as Schottky if the MoS2is n-type with a Schottky barrier height ranging from 0.3 to 1.35 eV. One of the important results from the study is that compared to a traditional metal–MoS2in a TiS2–MoS2contact the bandgap is preserved where in contrast, a traditional metal contact metalizes the monolayer MoS2and fill its bandgap with states. Hence, a clear path forward to make pristine contacts is to use 2D semi-metals in conjunction with 2D semiconductors.
Digitizing clinical trials
Authors: Inan O. T. , Tenaerts P. , Prindiville S. A. , Reynolds H. R. , Dizon D. S. , Cooper-Arnold K. , Turakhia M. , Pletcher M. J. , Preston K. L. , Krumholz H. M. , Marlin B. M. , Mandl K. D. , Klasnja P. , Spring B. , Iturriaga E. , Campo R. , Desvigne-Nickens P. , Rosenberg Y. , Steinhubl S. R. , Califf R. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClinical trials are a fundamental tool used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs and medical devices and other health system interventions. The traditional clinical trials system acts as a quality funnel for the development and implementation of new drugs, devices and health system interventions. The concept of a “digital clinical trial” involves leveraging digital technology to improve participant access, engagement, trial-related measurements, and/or interventions, enable concealed randomized intervention allocation, and has the potential to transform clinical trials and to lower their cost. In April 2019, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) held a workshop bringing together experts in clinical trials, digital technology, and digital analytics to discuss strategies to implement the use of digital technologies in clinical trials while considering potential challenges. This position paper builds on this workshop to describe the current state of the art for digital clinical trials including (1) defining and outlining the composition and elements of digital trials; (2) describing recruitment and retention using digital technology; (3) outlining data collection elements including mobile health, wearable technologies, application programming interfaces (APIs), digital transmission of data, and consideration of regulatory oversight and guidance for data security, privacy, and remotely provided informed consent; (4) elucidating digital analytics and data science approaches leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms; and (5) setting future priorities and strategies that should be addressed to successfully harness digital methods and the myriad benefits of such technologies for clinical research.
Control of protein palmitoylation by regulating substrate recruitment to a zDHHC-protein acyltransferase
Authors: Plain Fiona , Howie Jacqueline , Kennedy Jennifer , Brown Elaine , Shattock Michael J. , Fraser Niall J. , Fuller William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough palmitoylation regulates numerous cellular processes, as yet efforts to manipulate this post-translational modification for therapeutic gain have proved unsuccessful. The Na-pump accessory sub-unit phospholemman (PLM) is palmitoylated by zDHHC5. Here, we show that PLM palmitoylation is facilitated by recruitment of the Na-pump α sub-unit to a specific site on zDHHC5 that contains a juxtamembrane amphipathic helix. Site-specific palmitoylation and GlcNAcylation of this helix increased binding between the Na-pump and zDHHC5, promoting PLM palmitoylation. In contrast, disruption of the zDHHC5-Na-pump interaction with a cell penetrating peptide reduced PLM palmitoylation. Our results suggest that by manipulating the recruitment of specific substrates to particular zDHHC-palmitoyl acyl transferases, the palmitoylation status of individual proteins can be selectively altered, thus opening the door to the development of molecular modulators of protein palmitoylation for the treatment of disease.
Non-disruptive collagen characterization in clinical histopathology using cross-modality image synthesis
Authors: Keikhosravi Adib , Li Bin , Liu Yuming , Conklin Matthew W. , Loeffler Agnes G. , Eliceiri Kevin W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe importance of fibrillar collagen topology and organization in disease progression and prognostication in different types of cancer has been characterized extensively in many research studies. These explorations have either used specialized imaging approaches, such as specific stains (e.g., picrosirius red), or advanced and costly imaging modalities (e.g., second harmonic generation imaging (SHG)) that are not currently in the clinical workflow. To facilitate the analysis of stromal biomarkers in clinical workflows, it would be ideal to have technical approaches that can characterize fibrillar collagen on standard H&E stained slides produced during routine diagnostic work. Here, we present a machine learning-based stromal collagen image synthesis algorithm that can be incorporated into existing H&E-based histopathology workflow. Specifically, this solution applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) directly onto clinically standard H&E bright field images to extract information about collagen fiber arrangement and alignment, without requiring additional specialized imaging stains, systems or equipment.
Evolutionary history of zoogeographical regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Jiekun , Lin Siliang , Li Jiatang , Yu Jiehua , Jiang Haisheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions have one of the most complex biotas on Earth. However, the evolutionary history of these regions in deep time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the temporal changes in beta dissimilarities among zoogeographical regions during the Cenozoic using 4,966 extant terrestrial vertebrates and 1,278 extinct mammal genera. We identify ten present-day zoogeographical regions and find that they underwent a striking change over time. Specifically, the fauna on the TP was close to the Oriental realm in deep time but became more similar to the Palearctic realms more recently. The present-day zoogeographical regions generally emerged during the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (ca. 5 Ma). These results indicate that geological events such as the Indo-Asian Collision, the TP uplift, and the aridification of the Asian interior underpinned the evolutionary history of the zoogeographical regions surrounding the TP over different time periods.
FEDReD
Authors: Babusiaux C. , Fourtune-Ravard C. , Hottier C. , Arenou F. , Gómez A. 
Published: July 2020

Context.WhileGaiaenables us to probe the extended local neighbourhood in great detail, the thin disc structure at larger distances remains sparsely explored.Aims.We aim here to build a non-parametric 3D model of the thin disc structures handling both the extinction and the stellar density simultaneously.Methods.We developed a Bayesian deconvolution method in two dimensions: extinction and distance. It uses a reference catalogue whose completeness information defines the selection function. It is designed so that any complementary information from other catalogues can be added. It has also been designed to be robust to outliers, which are frequent in crowded fields, and differential extinction. The prior information is designed to be minimal: only a reference H-R diagram. We derived for this an empirical H-R diagram of the thin disc usingGaiaDR2 data, but synthetic isochrone-based H-R diagrams can also be used.Results.We validated the method on simulations and real fields using 2MASS and UKIDSS data complemented byGaiaDR2 photometry and parallaxes. We detail the results of two test fields: a 2MASS field centred around the NGC 4815 open cluster, which shows an over-density of both extinction and stellar density at the cluster distance, and a UKIDSS field atl = 10° where we recover the position of the Galactic bar.
Temporal evolution of short-lived penumbral microjets
Authors: Siu-Tapia A. L. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Orozco Suárez D. , Gafeira R. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Penumbral microjets (PMJs) is the name given to elongated jet-like brightenings observed in the chromosphere above sunspot penumbrae. They are transient events that last from a few seconds to several minutes, and their origin is presumed to be related to magnetic reconnection processes. Previous studies have mainly focused on their morphological and spectral characteristics, and more recently on their spectropolarimetric signals during the maximum brightness stage. Studies addressing the temporal evolution of PMJs have also been carried out, but they are based on spatial and spectral time variations only.
Aims. Here we investigate, for the first time, the temporal evolution of the polarization signals produced by short-lived PMJs (lifetimes < 2 min) to infer how the magnetic field vector evolves in the upper photosphere and mid-chromosphere.
Methods. We use fast-cadence spectropolarimetric observations of the Ca II 854.2 nm line taken with the CRisp Imaging Spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. The weak-field approximation (WFA) is used to estimate the strength and inclination of the magnetic field vector. By separating the Ca II 854.2 nm line into two different wavelength domains to account for the chromospheric origin of the line core and the photospheric contribution to the wings, we infer the height variation of the magnetic field vector.
Results. The WFA reveals larger magnetic field changes in the upper photosphere than in the chromosphere during the PMJ maximum brightness stage. In the photosphere, the magnetic field inclination and strength undergo a transient increase for most PMJs, but in 25% of the cases the field strength decreases during the brightening. In the chromosphere, the magnetic field tends to be slightly stronger during the PMJs.
Conclusions. The propagation of compressive perturbation fronts followed by a rarefaction phase in the aftershock region may explain the observed behavior of the magnetic field vector. The fact that such behavior varies among the analyzed PMJs could be a consequence of the limited temporal resolution of the observations and the fast-evolving nature of the PMJs.
Hygiene in der Anästhesie in Zeiten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Schulz-Stübner Sebastian , Kunitz Oliver 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungUnter den Bedingungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und der Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der vielen Entscheidungen zugrunde liegenden Daten darf die Basishygiene in der medizinischen Versorgung auch bei Ressourcenengpass nicht vernachlässigt werden. SARS-CoV-2-spezifische Schutzmaßnahmen sind entsprechend einer Risikoanalyse durchzuführen, wobei die Dynamik der Pandemie und lokale Gegebenheiten zu berücksichtigen sind.
Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Rossi Umberto G. , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Cariati Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of a 45-year-old male suffering from arterial hypertension who was found to have an aortic coarctation with marked hypertrophic compensatory collateral arterial circulation. Although coarctation is relatively rare, this must be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with arterial hypertension with a positive gradient between upper and lower limbs.
A Unique Indication for the Altura Endograft to Repair Bilateral Common Iliac Artery Aneurysms Associated with a Short–Infrarenal Aorta
Authors: Kakkos Stavros K. , Papageorgopoulou Chrysanthi P. , Katsanos Konstantinos , Zampakis Peter , Siampalioti Athina , Ntouvas Ioannis , Loizou Chrysanthi-Helen , Tsamantioti Eleni , Papadoulas Spyros , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos M. , Kouri Anastasia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 71-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presented with bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms diagnosed during the workup of his chronic kidney disease. On computed tomography angiography, common iliac artery aneurysm diameters measured 6.1 cm on the right side and 3.1 cm on the left side. The infrarenal aorta also had a small 3.2-cm aneurysm, but the length from the lowest left renal to the aortic bifurcation was only 6.7 cm, precluding use of most bifurcated endografts. Following an uneventful staged preoperative internal iliac artery embolization, a two-piece D-shaped Altura endograft for the aorta, with bilateral iliac components, landing at the level of the external iliac arteries was successfully performed. Postoperative course was uneventful with no endoleak or endograft migration on computerized tomographic angiography 45 days later, although billowing mimicking an endoleak was evident and will be closely followed.
Complex Neurological Phenotype Associated with a De Novo DHDDS Mutation in a Boy with Intellectual Disability, Refractory Epilepsy, and Movement Disorder
Authors: Piccolo Gianluca , Amadori Elisabetta , Vari Maria Stella , Marchese Francesca , Riva Antonella , Ghirotto Valentina , Iacomino Michele , Salpietro Vincenzo , Zara Federico , Striano Pasquale 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMutations in the DHDDS gene (MIM: 617836), encoding a subunit of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex, have been recently implicated in very rare neurodevelopmental diseases. In total, five individuals carrying two de novo mutations in DHDDS have been reported so far, but genotype–phenotype correlations remain elusive. We reported a boy with a de novo mutation in DHDDS (NM_205861.3: c.G632A; p.Arg211Gln) featuring a complex neurological phenotype, including mild intellectual disability, impaired speech, complex hyperkinetic movements, and refractory epilepsy. We defined the electroclinical and movement disorder phenotype associated with the monoallelic form of the DHDDS-related neurodevelopmental disease and possible underlying dominant-negative mechanisms.
Lymphatic Imaging: Current Noninvasive and Invasive Techniques
Authors: Schwartz Fides R. , James Olga , Kuo Phillip H. , Witte Marlys H. , Koweek Lynne M. , Pabon-Ramos Waleska M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfter nearly disappearing, invasive lymphangiography not only has resurged, but new approaches have been developed to guide lymphatic interventions. At the same time, noninvasive lymphatic imaging is playing a larger role in the evaluation of lymphatic pathologies. Lymphangioscintigraphy, computed tomography lymphangiography, and magnetic resonance lymphangiography are increasingly being used as alternatives to invasive diagnostic lymphangiography. The purpose of this article is to review current invasive and noninvasive lymphatic imaging techniques.
Traumatic Chylothorax: Approach and Outcomes
Authors: Gilyard Shenise N. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Goswami Abhishek K. , Kokabi Nima , Saad Wael E. , Majdalany Bill S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraumatic chylothorax occurs more often now than in historic reports. In part, this is due to the increased ability to perform more advanced and aggressive thoracic resections and cardiovascular surgeries as well as the improved mortality of cancer patients. If untreated, chylothorax can result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with underlying malignancy. Thoracic duct embolization for chylothorax was the first successful lymphatic intervention and has been performed for over 20 years. An overview of the clinical and technical approach to thoracic duct embolization for traumatic chylothorax is presented in addition to a review of outcomes.
Chylous Ascites and Lymphoceles: Evaluation and Interventions
Authors: Santos Ernesto , Moussa Amgad M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKinmonth introduced lymphangiography in 1955 and it became an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease. The technique, based on bipedal approach, was difficult and time-consuming which limited its use in clinical practice. Cope is the father of percutaneous lymphatic interventions and he was the first person to access and intervene on the lymphatic system. After his initial work published on 1999, there has been an expansion of the lymphatic embolization techniques, particularly since the development of intranodal lymphangiography and advance lymphatic imaging. This article is focused on the evaluation and management of postoperative chylous ascites and lymphoceles. Their incidence is growing due to longer survival of cancer patients and more radical surgical approaches, leading to an increased morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Minimally invasive percutaneous lymphatic embolization is becoming a first-line therapy in patients with postoperative lymphatic leakage.
Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sheth Sudip , Shah Nidhi , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: July 2020

Objective Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to affect adults and pediatric patients differently. While neonates are a special population, little is known about the neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and incidence of vertical transmission of the virus by reviewing available literature.Study Design This study is a narrative review of available literature on “COVID-19 in neonates,” for which PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search the published articles.Results We summarized the data from 39 published studies that are comprised of 326 COVID-19 positive peripartum mothers with respective neonatal outcomes. Twenty-three neonates have been reported to be COVID-19 positive. Male neonates were affected significantly more (79%) than female neonates. Approximately 3% neonates acquired infection through suspected vertical transmission. Strict infection prevention measures during the perinatal time can significantly reduce the chance of horizontal transmission of the virus. Overall, neonates were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic regardless of gestational age at birth and required only supportive measures. There was 0% mortality in COVID-19 positive neonates.Conclusion From available published data to date, we can conclude that the prognosis of COVID-19 positive neonates is good with no mortality. There appears to be minimal vertical transmission of the infection.Key Points