bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a Japanese version of the TRANSITION‐Q
Authors: Morisaki‐Nakamura Mayumi , Suzuki Seigo , Kobayashi Asuka , Kita Sachiko , Sato Iori , Iwasaki Miwa , Hirata Yoichiro , Sato Atsushi , Oka Akira , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of transition readiness is indispensable for long‐term follow‐ups of adolescent patients with childhood‐onset chronic diseases (CCD). We developed a Japanese version of the TRANSITION‐Q (TRANSITION‐Q‐J) and used it to assess Japanese patients with CCD.MethodsThe TRANSITION‐Q‐J was developed through forward and backward translations followed by cognitive interviews with five adolescent patients. The field test was conducted with 125 adolescent patients, and a retest was conducted with 113 adolescent patients.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported the two‐factor analysis model including F1 (communication and self‐management) and F2 (examination behavior). Sufficient internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were demonstrated among the total 14 items, F1, and F2 (Cronbach’s α > 0.80, intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.85). Convergent and discriminant validity for the 14 items and F1 were acceptable; however, F2 did not correlate significantly with the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Independent Consciousness Scale. Regarding known‐groups validity, the older group had a significantly higher mean TRANSITION‐Q‐J score (50.05) than the younger group (43.28; P = 0.04). The same results were found for both F1 and F2.ConclusionsThe TRANSITION‐Q‐J for adolescent patients with CCD was developed and its reliability and validity were verified. This scale is easy to administer. In addition to being a tool for transition period support, it could be used to verify effective factors and in program outcome evaluation, including intervention studies.
The relations between maternal mental state talk and preschoolers’ behavioral adaptation and school readiness: moderation by emotion situation knowledge
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Toney Tamera 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the extent to which associations between mothers' elaborated talk about mental states and preschoolers’ behavioral adaptation (i.e., social competence and internalizing and externalizing behavior) and school readiness were moderated by emotion situation knowledge. Families (N = 120) were mostly middle‐income and White and 70 of the preschoolers (M = 50.65 months, SD = 6.19) were boys. Results revealed a positive association between elaborated maternal mental state talk and social competence, but only for children average and high in emotion situation knowledge. For children low in emotion situation knowledge, there was a positive association between elaborated maternal mental state talk and internalizing behavior. There also was a negative relation between elaborated maternal mental state talk and school readiness for preschoolers low in emotion situation knowledge. Findings highlight the importance of considering emotion situation knowledge when examining associations between elaborated maternal mental state talk and young children’s social behavioral adaptation and readiness for school.
The continuous development of a complete and objective automatic grading system of facial signs from selfie pictures: Asian validation study and application to women of three ethnic origins, differently aged
Authors: Flament Frederic , Lee Yang Won , Lee Dong Hun , Passeron Thierry , Zhang Yuze , Jiang Ruowei , Prunel Anne , Dwivedi Seema , Kroely Camille , Park Youn Jung , Chuberre Bertrand , Aarabi Parham 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the capacity of the automatic detection system to accurately grade, from smartphones' selfie pictures, the severity of seven new facial signs added to the nine previously integrated.MethodsA two‐step approach was conducted: first, to check on 112 Korean women, how the AI‐based automatic grading system may correlate with dermatological assessments, taken as reference; second, to confirm on 1140 women of three ancestries (African, Asian, and Caucasian) the relevance of the newly input facial signs.ResultsThe sixteen specific Asian facial signs, detected automatically, were found significantly (P < .0001) highly correlated with the clinical evaluations made by two Korean dermatologists (wrinkles: r = .90; sagging: r = .75‐.95; vascular: r = .85; pores: r = .60; pigmentation: r = .50‐.80). When applied at a larger scale on women of different ethnicities, new signs were found of good accuracy and reproducibility, albeit depending on ethnicity. Due to contrast with the innate skin complexion, the facial signs dealing with skin pigmentation were found of a much higher relevance among Asian women than African or Caucasian women. The automatic gradings were even found of a slightly higher accuracy than the clinical gradings.ConclusionThe previously used automatic grading system is now completed by adding new facial signs apt at being detected. The continuous development is now integrating some limitations with regard to the constitutive skin complexion of the self‐pictured subjects. Presenting reproducible assessments, highly correlated with medical grading, this system could change tremendously clinical researches, like in epidemiological studies, where it offers an easy, fast, affordable, and confidential approach in the objective quantification of facial signs.
Epidemiology and persistence of rhinovirus in pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Ammerman Evan , Sweet Stuart C. , Storch Gregory A. , Buller Richard S. , Mason Sheila , Conrad Carol , Hayes Don , Faro Albert , Goldfarb Samuel B. , Melicoff Ernestina , Schecter Marc , Visner Gary , Heeger Peter S. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour , Williams Nikki , Danziger‐Isakov Lara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfection with rhinovirus (HRV) occurs following pediatric lung transplantation. Prospective studies documenting frequencies, persistence, and progression of HRV in this at‐risk population are lacking.MethodsIn the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplant in Children prospective observational study, we followed 61 lung transplant recipients for 2 years. We quantified molecular subtypes of HRV in serially collected nasopharyngeal (NP) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and correlated them with clinical characteristics.ResultsWe identified 135 community‐acquired respiratory infections (CARV) from 397 BAL and 480 NP samples. We detected 93 HRV events in 42 (68.8%) patients, 22 of which (23.4%) were symptomatic. HRV events were contiguous with different genotypes identified in 23 cases, but symptoms were not preferentially associated with any particular species. Nine (9.7%) HRV events persisted over multiple successive samples for a median of 36 days (range 18‐408 days). Three persistent HRV were symptomatic. When we serially measured forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in 23 subjects with events, we did not observe significant decreases in lung function over 12 months post‐HRV.ConclusionIn conjunction with our previous reports, our prospectively collected data indicate that molecularly heterogeneous HRV infections occur commonly following pediatric lung transplantation, but these infections do not negatively impact clinical outcomes.
Early recognition of possible transfusion reactions using an electronic automatic notification system for changes in vital signs in patients undergoing blood transfusions
Authors: Lim Young Ae , Kim Jin , Park Chorong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study was designed to evaluate the ability of a novel electronic automatic notification system (EANS) to detect significant changes in transfusion‐associated vital signs (VSs) during transfusion and to determine whether the EANS improved acute transfusion reaction (ATR) detection rates and suspected ATR reporting rates.Study Design and MethodsVSs were measured three times per unit or batch product transfused:—before, 15 minutes after commencement, and at the completion of the transfusion—and recorded on the EANS. Significant changes in VSs were defined as increased temperature (≥38°C or ≥1°C change in baseline temperature), 20 mm Hg or 20% increase or decrease in systolic blood pressure, or 20% increase in pulse rate. The 6‐month periods preceding and after the introduction of the EANS were defined as “before” and “after.” Data from these periods were used for comparison and evaluation.ResultsDuring the after period, 945 notifications were reported from the EANS and 521 suspected ATR were detected. The suspected ATR reporting rates for the before and after were 0.29% (73/25 213) and 2.06% (521/25 304, P < .001) and the ATR detection rates before and after were 0.13% (33/25 213) and 0.49% (116/25 304, P < .001), respectively. Among 116 ATR cases, 49.1% could be detected only by significant changes in VSs.ConclusionThe EANS was very effective in detecting ATRs that could have been overlooked by medical staff. Further data are needed to demonstrate the extent to which the introduction of an EANS may improve the safety of transfused patients.
Use of a chronic soft tissue expansion device to facilitate blepharoplasty in a horse with lower‐lid cicatricial ectropion with a 14‐year follow‐up
Authors: Whittaker Cameron J. , Reynolds Benjamin D. , McCarthy Paul M. , Taylor Simon F. , Major Derek , Caruso Kelly A. , Smith Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly presented to a referral equine hospital for surgical correction of a severe cicatricial lateral lower eyelid ectropion OD, with secondary exposure keratitis. The severity of the ectropion deemed that conventional ectropion repairs would be unsuccessful. Therefore, a soft tissue expansion device was used to create sufficient local tissue for a rotational graft with tension‐relieving horizontal incisions to be performed to facilitate closure and acceptable eyelid apposition. The keratitis had resolved by two months postoperatively. There were no long‐term complications and only mild recurrence of the keratitis observed 14‐years postoperatively.
Generational and occupational differences in human factors knowledge and awareness: a comparison study
Authors: Herron Jonathan Blair Thomas , Ferris CM , Gilliam AD 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIncreasing healthcare sector litigation, accountability and governance has resulted in the identification of human factors (HF) as a common source of error. Both NHS and military doctors must have awareness of HF to enhance safety and productivity. There is limited published evidence examining knowledge of HF in these two healthcare professional groups.MethodsDoctors of all grades and specialties across the NHS and 3 military groups including the Defence Deanery within the UK were invited to complete a 10-item web-based survey. Questions focused on training undertaken, HF knowledge and potential future training needs.ResultsThe survey link was emailed to 250 military and 1400 NHS doctors, 191 military and 776 NHS responded (response rate: 76% and 55%, respectively). Military doctors above foundation trainees are more familiar with HF, have had more training and recognise a requirement for additional training. Military foundation trainees had similar responses to their NHS colleagues. Doctors who had not undertaken any HF training are less likely to appreciate its value, with almost 60% of senior NHS doctors reporting no training. Foundation trainees have more training in HF than their senior peers when military seniors are excluded and more frequently identified a need for further training. Junior doctors identified stress, fatigue, communication and leadership more frequently, with seniors identifying work environment and music in theatre correctly more often.ConclusionNon-training grade doctors are less likely to seek HF training. Military doctors are more familiar with HF and have undertaken more training. Given the role of HF in communication, human error, potential litigation, stress, conflict and gross negligence manslaughter convictions, further education is vital.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with suspected heart failure referred in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance
Authors: Zheng Alice , Cowan Elena , Mach Lukas , Adam Robert D , Guha Kaushik , Cowburn Peter James , Haydock Paul , Kalra Paul R , Flett Andrew , Morton Geraint 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the population, heart failure (HF) diagnosis rate, and 1-year hospitalisation and mortality of patients with suspected HF and elevated N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) investigated according to UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.MethodsNICE recommends patients with suspected HF, based on clinical presentation and elevated NTproBNP, are referred for specialist assessment and echocardiography. Patients should be seen within 2 weeks when NTproBNP is >2000 pg/mL (2-week pathway: 2WP) or within 6 weeks when NTproBNP is 400–2000 pg/mL (6-week pathway: 6WP). This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study of consecutive patients with suspected HF referred from primary care between 2014 and 2016 to dedicated secondary care HF clinics based on the NICE 2WP and 6WP. Data were obtained from hospital records and episode statistics. Mortality and hospitalisation rates were calculated 1 year from NTproBNP measurement.Results1271 patients (median age 80; IQR 73–85) were assessed, 680 (53%) of whom were female. 667 (53%) were referred on the 2WP and 604 (47%) on the 6WP. 698 (55%) were diagnosed with HF (369 HF with reduced ejection fraction) and 566 (45%) as not HF (NHF). 1-year mortality was 10% (n=129) and hospitalisation was 33% (n=413). Patients on the 2WP had higher mortality and hospitalisation rates than those on the 6WP, 14% vs 6% (p<0.001) and 38% vs 27% (p<0.001), respectively. All-cause mortality (11% vs 9%; p=0.306) and hospitalisation rates (35% vs 29%; p=0.128) did not differ between HF and NHF patients, respectively.ConclusionsOutcomes using the NICE approach of short waiting time targets for specialist assessment of patients with suspected HF and raised NTproBNP are not known. The model identifies an elderly population a high proportion of whom have HF. Irrespective of diagnosis, patients have high rates of adverse outcomes. These contemporary real-world data provide a platform for discussions with patients and shaping HF services.
Establishing reference ranges for ambulatory electrocardiography parameters: meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Curtis B , Andrade Jason G , Hawkins Nathaniel M , Cheung Christopher , Krahn Andrew , Laksman Zachary W , Bennett Matthew T , Heilbron Brett , Chakrabarti Shanta , Yeung-Lai-Wah John A , Deyell Marc W 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDespite the widespread and increasing use of ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG), there is no consensus on reference ranges for ambulatory electrocardiogram parameters to guide interpretation. We sought to determine population distribution-based reference ranges for parameters measured during ambulatory electrocardiogram in healthy adults, based on existing literature.MethodsWe searched multiple databases from 1950 to 2020. Articles reporting original data from ≥24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring in healthy adults were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The prevalence/mean and SD for common parameters (sinus pauses, conduction abnormalities and ectopy) were extracted by age group (18–39, 40–59, 60–79 and 80+ years).ResultsWe identified 33 studies involving 6466 patients. Sinus pauses of >3 s were rare (pooled prevalence <1%) across all ages. Supraventricular ectopy of >1000/24 hours increased with age, from 0% (95% CI 0% to 0%) in those aged 18–39 years to 6% (95% CI 0% to 17%) in those aged 60–79 years. Episodes of supraventricular tachycardia increased from 3% (95% CI 1% to 6%) in those aged 18–39 years to 28% (95% CI 9% to 52%) in those aged 60–79 years. Ventricular ectopy of >1000/24 hours also increased with age, from 1% (95% CI 0% to 2%) in those aged 18–39 years to 5% (95% CI 1% to 10%) in those aged 60–79 years. Episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia ranged from 0% (95% CI 0% to 1%) in those aged 18–39 years to 2% (95% CI 0% to 5%) in those aged 60–79 years.ConclusionDespite the limitations of existing published data, this meta-analysis provides evidence-based reference ranges for ambulatory electrocardiogram parameters and highlights significant age-dependent differences that should be taken into account during interpretation.
11 The neuropsychiatry of nitrous oxide
Authors: Sheldon Rollo , Schon Fred , Poole Norman 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/AimsThe abuse of nitrous oxide (N2O) may be increasing globally and users and clinicians may not be aware of harms. We highlight these potential harms through the case of a woman treated for psychotic disorder for 11 months before developing severe N2O induced myeloneuropathy which should have been preventable. We review the clinical literature regarding N2O abuse to raise the profile of this emerging neuropsychiatric disorder.MethodsA case study was undertaken and a literature review performed of relevant databases for cases of N2O abuse presenting with psychiatric symptoms.ResultsIn our case a 37 year old woman presented with florid polymorphic psychosis and subtle cognitive impairment two weeks after inhaling large amounts of N2O. This was treated with antipsychotics and her symptoms waxed and waned over eleven months by which time she had developed a severe myeloneuropathy, confirmed on MRI cervical spine, and a functional B12 deficiency confirmed by high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) which was then treated with intramuscular B12. N2O has a variety of effects including the stimulation of endogenous opioids; GABAA receptor stimulation; NMDA receptor antagonism; BDNF receptor activation; cortical excitation and depression on the encephalogram; activation of the anterior cingulate and deactivation of the hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices; and importantly, the deactivation of Vitamin B12 leading to build up of toxic homocysteine and MMA. There are 13 cases excluding this described in the literature of N2O abuse presenting primarily with psychiatric symptoms. They range from 23–64 years old and 12 were male. The most common presenting psychiatric symptoms in the 13 cases were delusions (reported by 8 individuals); cognitive impairment (6); visual hallucinations (4); bizarre or inappropriate behaviour (4); affective lability (3); anxiety (3); and depression, mania or auditory hallucinations in two respectively. Investigations were inconsistently reported but where tested, B12 was mostly low or low normal, and homocysteine and MMA were raised. In nine out of ten cases reported, the outcome was favourable, following cessation of N2O, administration of intramuscular B12, and antipsychotics.ConclusionsN2O abuse is widespread in the UK and may be increasing. Heavy users are at risk of psychosis, cognitive impairment and myeloneuropathy, which may be irreversible. Importantly, some patients initially present with psychiatric symptoms before myeloneuropathy, and N2O abuse should always be considered in cases of new onset psychosis or cognitive impairment. Testing of homocysteine, MMA and B12 should be considered in these cases, and intramuscular B12 given without delay.
5 Models of the world: from perception to hallucination
Authors: Fletcher Paul 
Published: July 2020

Paul Fletcher is Wellcome Investigator and Bernard Wolfe Professor of Health Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge. He is also Director of Studies for Preclinical Medicine at Clare College and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist with the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. He studied Medicine, before carrying out specialist training in Psychiatry and taking a PhD in cognitive neuroscience. He researches human perception, learning and decision-making in health and mental illness.We do not have direct contact with external reality. We must rely on messages from the sense organs, conveying information about the state of the world and our bodies. These messages are not easy to decipher, being noisy and ambiguous, but from them we have to construct models of the world. I will discuss this challenge and how we are very adept at creating a model of reality based on achieving a balance between what our senses are telling us and our expectations of what should be the case. This is often referred to as the predictive processing framework.Relying on this balance comes at a cost, rendering us vulnerable to illusions and biases and, in more extreme cases, to creating a reality that diverges from that experienced by others. This can arise for a variety of reasons but, at the root, I suggest, lies the nature of the brain as a model-building organ. Though this divergence from reality – psychosis – often seems inexplicable and incomprehensible, I suggest that a few core principles can help us to understand it and offers ways of thinking about how phenomena like hallucinations can be understood. Interestingly, the framework suggests ways in which apparently similar phenomena like hallucinations can arise from distinct alterations to the function of a predictive processing system.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Young’s Internet Addiction Test Among Professionals from India: An Online Survey
Authors: Spoorthy Mamidipalli Sai , Singh Lokesh Kumar , Tikka Sai Krishna , Hara Suchandra Hari 
Published: July 2020

Background: Internet use has spread across the world due to easy accessibility and affordability. However, it has been creating many problems at several levels. So, there is a need to identify the suitability of psychometric properties and the factor structure of the widely used Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in the Indian settings. Our objective was to perform an exploratory factor analysis on the IAT and to test the reliability of the scale. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that included various professional groups. We used an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic details and Young’s IAT. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factor structure of Young’s IAT in the Indian setup. Results: The mean age of the sample (N = 1,782) was 27.7 years (SD = 8.74) with a predominantly male population 1040 (58.4%). In total, 1.0% (17) of the sample had significant problems with internet usage, whereas 13% (232) were in the range of frequent/occasional problems, and the mean score on IAT was 32 (SD = 16.42). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors that explained 49% of the variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy: 0.95, Bartlett’s test of sphericity: P = 0.000). They were “mood and relationship issues” and “duration and productivity.” Cronbach’s α was 0.92, which indicates a high level of internal consistency. Conclusion: In Indian settings, IAT can be understood based on the two-factor structure. The scale has excellent reliability. Further studies are needed to replicate these results, by using confirmatory factor analysis and validity testing.