bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Framework Assisted and Tumor Microenvironment Modulated Synergistic Image‐Guided Photo‐Chemo Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Wu Wenbo , Mao Duo , Teh Cathleen , Wang Bo , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and nonspecific drug targeting limit the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in combination with chemotherapy. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF) assisted strategy is reported that modulates TME by reducing tumor hypoxia and intracellular glutathione (GSH) and offers targeted delivery and controlled release of the trapped chemodrug. Platinum(IV)‐diazido complex (Pt(IV)) is loaded inside a Cu(II) carboxylate‐based MOF, MOF‐199, and an aggregation‐induced‐emission photosensitizer, TBD, is conjugated to polyethylene glycol for encapsulating Pt(IV)‐loaded MOF‐199. Once the fabricated TBD‐Pt(IV)@MOF‐199 nanoparticles are internalized by cancer cells, MOF‐199 consumes intracellular GSH and decomposes to fragments to release Pt(IV). Upon light irradiation, the released Pt(IV) generates O2 that relieves hypoxia and produces Pt(II)‐based chemodrug inside cancer cells. Concomitantly, efficient reactive oxygen species generation and bright emission are afforded by TBD, resulting in synergistic image‐guided photo‐chemo therapy with enhanced efficacies and mitigated side effects.
High‐Safety and High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries in a Novel Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhu Guanzhou , Zhu Yuanmin , Lin Meng‐Chang , Chen Hui , Li Yuan‐Yao , Hung Wei Hsuan , Zhou Bo , Wang Xi , Bai Yunxiang , Gu Meng , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Tai Hung‐Chun , Xu Xintong , Angell Michael , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Dai Hongjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRechargeable lithium metal batteries are next generation energy storage devices with high energy density, but face challenges in achieving high energy density, high safety, and long cycle life. Here, lithium metal batteries in a novel nonflammable ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolyte composed of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMIm) cations and high‐concentration bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions, with sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) as a key additive are reported. The Na ion participates in the formation of hybrid passivation interphases and contributes to dendrite‐free Li deposition and reversible cathode electrochemistry. The electrolyte of low viscosity allows practically useful cathode mass loading up to ≈16 mg cm−2. Li anodes paired with lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM 811) cathodes exhibit 99.6–99.9% Coulombic efficiencies, high discharge voltages up to 4.4 V, high specific capacity and energy density up to ≈199 mAh g−1 and ≈765 Wh kg−1 respectively, with impressive cycling performances over up to 1200 cycles. Highly stable passivation interphases formed on both electrodes in the novel IL electrolyte are the key to highly reversible lithium metal batteries, especially for Li–NMC 811 full batteries.
Investigating Thermoelectric Stability under Encapsulation Using PEI‐Doped CNT Films as a Model System
Authors: Abdallah Fatma , Ciammaruchi Laura , Jiménez‐Arguijo Alex , Duraia El‐Shazly M. , Ragab Hossam. S. , Dörling Bernhard , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe stability of organic semiconductors is an important topic, which in the case of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs), has not yet got the attention it deserves. This work presents a simple method which allows to characterize the stability of OTEs, using patterned ITO substrates to electrically contact encapsulated samples. The method is applied to n‐doped carbon nanotube films, a well‐suited reference system due to their sensitivity to changes in doping level, and used to compare the effectiveness of different encapsulation methods. In the observed films, oxygen adsorption leads to a gradual p‐doping. Among the investigated barrier materials, glass performs best. Flexible alternatives like transferred films of barrier polymers also show promise, while barrier films deposited by dropcast performed worse, likely due to their inhomogeneity. Finally, Raman imaging is shown to be a useful technique to investigate degradation in OTEs.
Energy Barriers Restrict Charge Carrier Motion in MAPI Perovskite Films
Authors: Jasiūnas Rokas , Gegevičius Rokas , Franckevičius Marius , Jašinskas Vidmantas , Gulbinas Vidmantas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of charge trapping processes in halide perovskites is vital to further improve performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and LEDs. In this work, transient photocurrent, time‐delayed collection field and transient fluorescence techniques along with numerical simulations are combined to address charge carrier trapping processes during their lateral motion in prototypical methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films formed on interdigitated electrodes. Carrier mobility decreases on hundreds of ns timescale, and its rate depends on the motion character—it is faster when charge carriers drift in the electric field and slower when the motion is caused by diffusion only. This difference becomes particularly evident at low temperatures. Based on the time‐delayed collection field data and carrier motion modelling results, it is demonstrated that the rapid mobility decay at low temperatures is mainly caused by the energy barriers, most likely formed at crystallite boundaries. Even though these barriers are surmountable at room temperature, they still play a major role in determining carrier mobility and diffusion rates. Suggested concept of the potential barriers moves beyond the conventional understanding of carrier mobility, diffusion, and recombination processes in hybrid perovskites.
Sub‐Wavelength Passive Optical Isolators Using Photonic Structures Based on Weyl Semimetals
Authors: Asadchy Viktar S. , Guo Cheng , Zhao Bo , Fan Shanhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the design of sub‐wavelength high‐performing nonreciprocal optical devices using recently discovered magnetic Weyl semimetals. These passive bulk topological materials exhibit anomalous Hall effect which results in magneto‐optical effects that are orders of magnitude higher than those in conventional materials, without the need of any external magnetic bias. Two optical isolators of both Faraday and Voigt geometries are designed. The isolators have dimensions that are reduced by three orders of magnitude compared to conventional magneto‐optical configurations. The designed structures demonstrate that the magnetic Weyl semimetals may open up new avenues in photonics for the design of various nonreciprocal components.
Electric Symmetric Dipole Modes Enabling Retroreflection from an Array Consisting of Homogeneous Isotropic Linear Dielectric Rods
Authors: Cao Xiyuan , Wang Qianjing , Wan Pengcheng , Zhang Weiping , Lin Zhifang , Chui Siu Tat , Du Junjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLinear‐dielectric‐based in‐plane optical design is attractive yet challenging in nano‐optical technologies when combined with the compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology. Here, by exciting an electric symmetric dipole mode (ESDM), exploiting the interplay between an electric quadrupole mode and a magnetic dipole mode in a homogeneous isotropic linear dielectric rod, an in‐plane retroreflector is successfully realized in the case of no dependence on asymmetry arising from anisotropic/bianisotropic materials, complex unit cell, or asymmetric environments. The ESDM is analogous to an electric dipole (ED) in the sense that its radiation is overwhelmingly dominant in the forward and backward directions, while its phase symmetry is in stark contrast to the antisymmetry of ED modes. The studies herein show symmetric dipole modes are one of general mechanisms for retroreflection. Such a retroreflector combines many other outstanding advantages such as low loss, unitary efficiency, and simple configuration with low fabrication demands. The in‐plane manipulation for waves makes it an appealing platform for manipulating particles and developing on‐chip optical cavities, light sources in integrated optical circuits, optical parametric oscillators, and interferometers.
Plasmonic Seasoning: Giving Color to Desktop Laser 3D Printed Polymers by Highly Dispersed Nanoparticles
Authors: Hupfeld Tim , Wegner Andreas , Blanke Meik , Doñate‐Buendía Carlos , Sharov Vladyslav , Nieskens Simon , Piechotta Markus , Giese Michael , Barcikowski Stephan , Gökce Bilal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaterial development is key for continuing the exponential growth in the field of 3D printing. However, 3D printing of polymers by laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB) still is limited to a few polymer powder materials, which restricts the range of applications. Tailoring the chemical, rheological, mechanical, or optical properties of the feedstock powder to the requirements of the laser printing process poses a significant challenge. In order to meet global trends in the commercialization of desktop 3D printers, the use of inexpensive and compact diode lasers for PBF‐LB in the visible or near‐infrared range is highly desired. However, at present, only black objects can be printed by desktop laser printers since only commercial carbon black‐based composite powders meet their laser absorption requirements. In this study, a route for tuning the absorption properties of thermoplastic polyurethane polymers and incorporating color into printed objects by using minute amounts (i.e., 0.01 vol%) of highly dispersed plasmonic silver nanoparticles is reported, presenting a new way for colored parts to be produced through laser 3D printing.
Fast Determination of Lithium Content in Spent Cathodes for Direct Battery Recycling
Authors: Li Xuemin , Dogan Fulya , Lu Yingqi , Antunes Christopher , Shi Ying , Burrell Anthony , Ban Chunmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDetermination of the lithium ion content in cathode materials, which is currently performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP−MS), involves tedious procedures and error‐prone preparation. This work introduces a new methodology to quickly determine the lithium content in spent cathode materials (LiNixMnyCozO2, x + y + z = 1, NMC) using a thermalgravimetric analysis, which bypasses the use of ICP−MS and significantly reduces the cost and time required for determining the lithium content. Based on this new method, a new approach is developed to identify spent cathode materials suitable for direct relithiation recycling. Finally, these new methods have been applied to investigate the effectiveness of direct electrochemical−relithiation on recycling the spent cathodes, and provide insights for future development of direct battery materials recycling.
Alkaline Water Electrolysis at 25 A cm−2 with a Microfibrous Flow‐through Electrode
Authors: Yang Feichen , Kim Myung Jun , Brown Micah , Wiley Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe generation of renewable electricity is variable, leading to periodic oversupply. Excess power can be converted to H2 via water electrolysis, but the conversion cost is currently too high. One way to decrease the cost of electrolysis is to increase the maximum productivity of electrolyzers. This study investigates how nano‐ and microstructured porous electrodes can improve the productivity of H2 generation in a zero‐gap, flow‐through alkaline water electrolyzer. Three nickel electrodes—foam, microfiber felt, and nanowire felt—are studied to examine the tradeoff between surface area and pore structure on the performance of alkaline electrolyzers. Although the nanowire felt with the highest surface area initially provides the highest performance, this performance quickly decreases as gas bubbles are trapped within the electrode. The open structure of the foam facilitates bubble removal, but its small surface area limits its maximum performance. The microfiber felt exhibits the best performance because it balances high surface area with the ability to remove bubbles. The microfiber felt maintains a maximum current density of 25 000 mA cm−2 over 100 h without degradation, which corresponds to a hydrogen production rate 12.5‐ and 50‐times greater than conventional proton‐exchange membrane and alkaline electrolyzers, respectively.
Risk‐based, response‐adapted therapy for early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: A China Lymphoma Collaborative Group study
Authors: Qi Shu‐Nan , Yang Yong , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Huang Hui‐Qiang , Wang Ying , He Xia , Zhang Li‐Ling , Wu Gang , Qu Bao‐Lin , Qian Li‐Ting , Hou Xiao‐Rong , Zhang Fu‐Quan , Qiao Xue‐Ying , Wang Hua , Li Gao‐Feng , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jian‐Zhong , Wu Jun‐Xin , Wu Tao , Zhu Su‐Yu , Shi Mei , Xu Li‐Ming , Yuan Zhi‐Yong , Su Hang , Song Yu‐Qin , Zhu Jun , Hu Chen , Li Ye‐Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe aimed to determine the survival benefits of chemotherapy (CT) added to radiotherapy (RT) in different risk groups of patients with early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and to investigate the risk of postponing RT based on induction CT responses. A total of 1360 patients who received RT with or without new‐regimen CT from 20 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The patients had received RT alone, RT followed by CT (RT + CT), or CT followed by RT (CT + RT). The patients were stratified into different risk groups using the nomogram‐revised risk index (NRI). A comparative study was performed using propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis. Adding new‐regimen CT to RT (vs RT alone) significantly improved overall survival (OS, 73.2% vs 60.9%, P < .001) and progression‐free survival (PFS, 63.5% vs 54.2%, P < .001) for intermediate‐risk/high‐risk patients, but not for low‐risk patients. For intermediate‐risk/high‐risk patients, RT + CT and CT + RT resulted in non‐significantly different OS (77.7% vs 72.4%; P = .290) and PFS (67.1% vs 63.1%; P = .592). For patients with complete response (CR) after induction CT, initiation of RT within or beyond three cycles of CT resulted in similar OS (78.2% vs 81.7%, P = .915) and PFS (68.2% vs 69.9%, P = .519). For patients without CR, early RT resulted in better PFS (63.4% vs 47.6%, P = .019) than late RT. Risk‐based, response‐adapted therapy involving early RT combined with CT is a viable, effective strategy for intermediate‐risk/high‐risk early‐stage patients with ENKTCL in the modern treatment era.
Patient‐reported outcomes in sickle cell disease and association with clinical and psychosocial factors: Report from the sickle cell disease implementation consortium
Authors: Knisely Mitchell R. , Pugh Norma , Kroner Barbara , Masese Rita , Gordeuk Victor , King Allison A. , Smith Sharon M. , Gurney James G. , Adams Robert , Wun Ted , Snyder Angela , Glassberg Jeffrey , Shah Nirmish , Treadwell Marsha ,   Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding patient experiences, quality of life, and treatment needs in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) is essential in promoting health and well‐being. We used measures from the Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information System (ASCQ‐Me), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (NeuroQol) to evaluate pain impact, sleep impact, social functioning, depressive symptoms, tiredness, and cognitive function (collectively, patient reported outcomes [PROs]) and to identify associated demographic and clinical characteristics. Participants (n = 2201) between 18 and 45 years were recruited through the eight Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) sites. In multivariate models, PROs were significantly associated with one another. Pain impact was associated with age, education, employment, time since last pain attack, hydroxyurea use, opioid use, sleep impact, social functioning, and cognitive function (F = 88.74, P < .0001). Sleep impact was associated with household income, opioid use, pain impact, social functioning, depressive symptoms, and tiredness (F = 101.40, P < .0001). Social functioning was associated with employment, pain attacks in the past year, autoimmune/inflammatory comorbidities, pain impact, sleep impact, depressive symptoms, tiredness, and cognitive function (F = 121.73, P < .0001). Depressive symptoms were associated with sex, sleep impact, social functioning, tiredness, and cognitive function (F = 239.51, P < .0001). Tiredness was associated with sex, education, sleep impact, social functioning, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function (F = 129.13, P < .0001). These findings reflect the baseline PRO assessments among SCDIC registry participants. Further research is needed to better understand these outcomes and new targets for interventions to improve quality of life and function in people with SCD.
The burden of chronic disease, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Carfì Angelo , Romano Allegra , Zaccaria Giulia , Villani Emanuele Rocco , Manes Gravina Ester , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Bernabei Roberto , Onder Graziano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractData on clinical characteristics of adults with Down syndrome (DS) are limited and the clinical phenotype of these persons is poorly described. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of chronic diseases and pattern of medication use in a population of adults with DS. Participants were 421 community dwelling adults with DS, aged 18 years or older. Individuals were assessed through a standardized clinical protocol. Multimorbidity was defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions and polypharmacy as the concomitant use of five or more medications. The mean age of study participants was 38.3 ± 12.8 years and 214 (51%) were women. Three hundred and seventy‐four participants (88.8%) presented with multimorbidity. The most prevalent condition was visual impairment (72.9%), followed by thyroid disease (50.1%) and hearing impairment (26.8%). Chronic diseases were more prevalent among participants aged >40 years. The mean number of medications used was 2.09 and polypharmacy was observed in 10.5% of the study sample. Psychotropic medications were used by a mean of 0.7 individuals of the total sample. The high prevalence of multimorbidity and the common use of multiple medications contributes to a high level of clinical complexity, which appears to be similar to the degree of complexity of the older non‐trisomic population. A comprehensive and holistic approach, commonly adopted in geriatric medicine, may provide the most appropriate care to persons with DS as they grow into adulthood.
Current survey of early childhood intervention services in infants and young children with sex chromosome aneuploidies
Authors: Thompson Talia , Howell Susan , Davis Shanlee , Wilson Rebecca , Janusz Jennifer , Boada Richard , Pyle Laura , Tartaglia Nicole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are the most commonly occurring aneuploidies in children with a collective prevalence rate of 1 in 500 live births. Prior research has documented SCAs are associated with an increased risk for early expressive language and gross motor delays, learning disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and executive function problems. Although SCAs have been historically underdiagnosed in young children, recent advances in noninvasive prenatal testing have resulted in an increasing nationwide cohort of infants with confirmed diagnoses. Consequently, early childhood support systems must prepare for an influx of children with known risks for associated developmental delays and potential school problems. This national survey aimed to update our understanding of current early childhood intervention services for young children with SCA in the United States and to describe parent perspectives and priorities. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression models controlling for parent education revealed a majority of respondents reported receiving public early childhood intervention services with speech therapy as the most common service. There were significant differences in early childhood intervention services by timing of diagnosis (prenatal vs. postnatal), number of sex chromosomes (trisomy vs. tetra/pentasomy), and geographic location. Parents described interventions as desirable and effective yet also difficult to obtain due to issues with the SCA phenotype, lack of provider knowledge, and challenges navigating the intervention systems. Results support the need for enhanced provider training in SCAs, policy change for early childhood intervention qualification criteria for SCA conditions, and collaboration between medical and early childhood settings.
Reassessment of the TM 1517 odonto‐postcranial assemblage from Kromdraai B, South Africa, and the maturational pattern of Paranthropus robustus
Authors: Cazenave Marine , Dean Christopher , Zanolli Clément , Oettlé Anna C. , Hoffman Jakobus , Tawane Mirriam , Thackeray Francis , Macchiarelli Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Pleistocene taxon Paranthropus robustus was established in 1938 following the discovery at Kromdraai B, South Africa, of the partial cranium TM 1517a and associated mandible TM 1517b. Shortly thereafter, a distal humerus (TM 1517g), a proximal ulna (TM 1517e), and a distal hallucial phalanx (TM 1517k) were collected nearby at the site, and were considered to be associated with the holotype. TM 1517a‐b represents an immature individual; however, no analysis of the potentially associated postcranial elements has investigated the presence of any endostructural remnant of recent epiphyseal closure. This study aims at tentatively detecting such traces in the three postcranial specimens from Kromdraai B.Materials and MethodsBy using μXCT techniques, we assessed the developmental stage of the TM 1517b's C‐M3 roots and investigated the inner structure of TM 1517g, TM 1517e, and TM 1517k.ResultsThe M2 shows incompletely closed root apices and the M3 a half‐completed root formation stage. The distal humerus was likely completely fused, while the proximal ulna and the distal hallucial phalanx preserve endosteal traces of the diaphyseo‐epiphyseal fusion process.DiscussionIn the hominin fossil record, there are few unambiguously associated craniodental and postcranial remains sampling immature individuals, an essential condition for assessing the taxon‐specific maturational patterns. Our findings corroborate the original association of the craniodental and postcranial remains representing the P. robustus type specimen. As with other Plio‐Pleistocene hominins, the odonto‐postcranial maturational pattern of TM 1517 more closely fits an African great ape rather than the extant human pattern.