bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Anticancer Therapy by Ovalbumin Encapsulation‐Enabled Tandem Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Xiao Ming , Sun Wen , Crespy Daniel , Mailänder Volker , Peng Xiaojun , Fan Jiangli , Landfester Katharina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anticancer efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited due to the hypoxic features of solid tumors. We report synergistic PDT/chemotherapy with integrated tandem Fenton reactions mediated by ovalbumin encapsulation for improved in vivo anticancer therapy via an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation mechanism. O2.− produced by the PDT is converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase, followed by the transformation of H2O2 to the highly toxic .OH via Fenton reactions by Fe2+ originating from the dissolution of co‐loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The PDT process further facilitates the endosomal/lysosomal escape of the active agents and enhances their intracellular delivery to the nucleus—even for drug‐resistant cells. Cisplatin generates O2.− in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and thereby improves the treatment efficiency by serving as an additional O2.− source for production of .OH radicals. Improved anticancer efficiency is achieved under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions.
Responsive Photonic Liquid Marbles
Authors: Anyfantakis Manos , Jampani Venkata S. R. , Kizhakidathazhath Rijeesh , Binks Bernard P. , Lagerwall Jan P. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiquid marbles have potential to serve as mini‐reactors for fabricating new materials, but this has been exploited little and mostly for conventional chemical reactions. Here, we uncover the unparalleled capability of liquid marbles to act as platforms for controlling the self‐assembly of a bio‐derived polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose, into a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase showing structural coloration by Bragg reflection. By adjusting the cholesteric pitch via quantitative water extraction, we achieve liquid marbles that we can tailor for structural color anywhere in the visible range. Liquid marbles respond with color change that can be detected by eye, to changes in temperature, exposure to toxic chemicals and mechanical deformation. Our concept demonstrates the advantages of using liquid marbles as a miniature platform for controlling the liquid crystal self‐assembly of bio‐derived polymers, and their exploitation to fabricate sustainable, responsive soft photonic objects.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Bismuth Nanosheets for Long‐term Continuous Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2to Formate
Authors: Yi Luocai , Chen Junxiang , Shao Ping , Huang Junheng , Peng Xinxin , Li Junwei , Wang Genxiang , Zhang Chi , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) monometallic pnictogens (antimony or Sb, and bismuth or Bi) nanosheets demonstrate potential in a variety of fields, including quantum devices, catalysis, biomedicine and energy, because of their unique physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties. However, the development of general and high‐efficiency preparative routes toward high‐quality pnictogen nanosheets is challenging. A general method involving a molten‐salt‐assisted aluminothermic reduction process is reported for the synthesis of Sb and Bi nanosheets in high yields (>90 %). Electrocatalytic CO2reduction was investigated on the Bi nanosheets, and high catalytic selectively to formate was demonstrated with a considerable current density at a low overpotential and an impressive stability. Bi nanosheets continuously convert CO2into formate in a flow cell operating for one month, with a yield rate of 787.5 mmol cm−2 h−1. Theoretical results suggest that the edge sites of Bi are far more active than the terrace sites.
Strategies for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing to facilitate subcutaneous administration: A review
Authors: Holstein Melissa , Hung Jessica , Feroz Hasin , Ranjan Swarnim , Du Cheng , Ghose Sanchayita , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo achieve the high protein concentrations required for subcutaneous administration of biologic therapeutics, numerous manufacturing process challenges are often encountered. From an operational perspective, high protein concentrations result in highly viscous solutions, which can cause pressure increases during ultrafiltration. This can also lead to low flux during ultrafiltration and sterile filtration, resulting in long processing times. In addition, there is a greater risk of product loss from the hold‐up volumes during filtration operations. From a formulation perspective, higher protein concentrations present the risk of higher aggregation rates as the closer proximity of the constituent species results in stronger attractive intermolecular interactions and higher frequency of self‐association events. There are also challenges in achieving pH and excipient concentration targets in the ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) step due to volume exclusion and Donnan equilibrium effects, which are exacerbated at higher protein concentrations. This paper highlights strategies to address these challenges, including the use of viscosity‐lowering excipients, appropriate selection of UF/DF cassettes with modified membranes and/or improved flow channel design, and increased understanding of pH and excipient behavior during UF/DF. Additional considerations for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing, such as appearance attributes, stability, and freezing and handling are also discussed. These strategies can be employed to overcome the manufacturing process challenges and streamline process development efforts for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing.
Surveillance pouchoscopy for dysplasia: Cleveland Clinic Ileoanal Pouch Anastomosis Database
Authors: Lightner A L , Vaidya P , Vogler S , McMichael J , Jia X , Regueiro M , Qazi T , Steele S R , Church J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
No formal guidelines exist for surveillance pouchoscopy following ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis.

Methods
All adults who had previously had IPAA for ulcerative colitis, and underwent a pouchoscopy between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2020, were included.

Results
A total of 9398 pouchoscopy procedures were performed in 3672 patients. The majority of the examinations were diagnostic (8082, 86·0 per cent; 3260 patients) and the remainder were for routine surveillance (1316, 14·0 per cent; 412 patients). Thirteen patients (0·14 per cent of procedures) were found to have biopsy-proven neoplasia at the time of pouchoscopy; seven had low-grade dysplasia (LGD) (0·07 per cent; all located in the anal transition zone), none had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and six (0·06 per cent) had invasive adenocarcinoma (4 in anal transition zone and 6 in pouch). Of the six patients with adenocarcinoma, four had neoplasia at the time of proctocolectomy (2 adenocarcinoma, 1 LGD, 1 HGD); all six were symptomatic with anal bleeding or pelvic pain at the time of pouchoscopy, had a negative surveillance pouchoscopy examination within 2 years of diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, had palpable masses on digital rectal examination, and had visible lesions at the time of pouchoscopy.

Conclusion
Surveillance pouchoscopy is not recommended in asymptomatic patients because significant neoplasia following IPAA for ulcerative colitis is rare.
Systematic failure to operate on colorectal cancer liver metastases in California
Authors: Raoof Mustafa , Jutric Zeljka , Haye Sidra , Ituarte Philip H. G. , Zhao Beiqun , Singh Gagandeep , Melstrom Laleh , Warner Susanne G. , Clary Bryan , Fong Yuman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that liver resection improves survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) and may be potentially curative, there are no population‐level data examining utilization and predictors of liver resection in the United States.MethodsThis is a population‐based cross‐sectional study. We abstracted data on patients with synchronous CRCLM using California Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2012 and linked the records to the Office of Statewide Health Planning Inpatient Database. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to map liver resection rates to California counties. Patient‐ and hospital‐level predictors were determined using mixed‐effects logistic regression.ResultsOf the 24 828 patients diagnosed with stage‐IV colorectal cancer, 16 382 (70%) had synchronous CRCLM. Overall liver resection rate for synchronous CRCLM was 10% (county resection rates ranging from 0% to 33%) with no improvement over time. There was no correlation between county incidence of synchronous CRCLM and rate of resection (R2 = .0005). On multivariable analysis, sociodemographic and treatment‐initiating‐facility characteristics were independently associated with receipt of liver resection after controlling for patient disease‐ and comorbidity‐related factors. For instance, odds of liver resection decreased in patients with black race (OR 0.75 vs white) and Medicaid insurance (OR 0.62 vs private/PPO); but increased with initial treatment at NCI hospital (OR 1.69 vs Non‐NCI hospital), or a high volume (10 + cases/year) (OR 1.40 vs low volume) liver surgery hospital.ConclusionIn this population‐based study, only 10% of patients with liver metastases underwent liver resection. Furthermore, the study identifies wide variations and significant population‐level disparities in the utilization of liver resection for CRCLM in California.
Methyltransferase Contingencies in the Pathway of Everninomicin D Antibiotics and Analogues
Authors: Limbrick Emilianne M. , Yñigez‐Gutierrez Audrey E. , Dulin Callie C. , Derewacz Dagmara K. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , McCulloch Kathryn M. , Iverson T. M. , Bachmann Brian O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEverninomicins are orthoester oligosaccharide antibiotics with potent activity against multidrug‐resistant bacterial pathogens. Everninomicins act by disrupting ribosomal assembly in a distinct region in comparison to clinically prescribed drugs. We employed microporous intergeneric conjugation with Escherichia coli to manipulate Micromonospora for targeted gene‐replacement studies of multiple putative methyltransferases across the octasaccharide scaffold of everninomicin effecting the A1, C, F, and H rings. Analyses of gene‐replacement and genetic complementation mutants established the mutability of the everninomicin scaffold through the generation of 12 previously unreported analogues and, together with previous results, permitted assignment of the ten methyltransferases required for everninomicin biosynthesis. The in vitro activity of A1‐ and H‐ring‐modifying methyltransferases demonstrated the ability to catalyze late‐stage modification of the scaffold on an A1‐ring phenol and H‐ring C‐4’ hydroxy moiety. Together these results establish the potential of the everninomicin scaffold for modification through mutagenesis and in vitro modification of advanced biosynthetic intermediates.
Lanthanide Tagging of Oligonucleotides to Nucleobase for Paramagnetic NMR
Authors: Täubert Sebastian , Zhang Yong‐Hui , Martinez Mitcheell Maestre , Siepel Florian , Wöltjen Edith , Leonov Andrei , Griesinger Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough lanthanide tags, which have large anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities, have already been introduced to enrich NMR parameters by long‐range pseudoconact shifts (PCSs) and residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) of proteins, their application to nucleotides has so far been limited to one previous report, due to the high affinities of lanthanides for the phosphodiester backbone of nucleotides and difficult organic synthesis. Herein, we report successful attachment of a lanthanide tag to a chemically synthesized oligonucleotide via a disulfide bond. NMR experiments reveal PCSs of up to 1 ppm and H−H RDCs of up to 8 Hz at 950 MHz. Although weaker magnetic alignment was achieved than with proteins, the paramagnetic data could be fitted to the known structure of the DNA, taking the mobility of the tag into account. While further rigidification of the tag is desirable, this tag could also be used to measure heteronuclear RDCs of 13C,15N‐labeled chemically synthesized DNA and RNA.
Constructing Nitrogen, Selenium Co‐Doped Graphene Aerogel Electrode Materials for Synergistically Enhanced Capacitive Performance
Authors: Chen Jianfa , Lin Chong , Zhang Mengmeng , Jin Tianxiang , Qian Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of nitrogen and selenium co‐doping graphene aerogels (NSeGA) by a convenient and scalable approach. It was found that Se is an effective doping element for improving the energy storage performance of graphene. The synergistic effect between N and Se on improving the performance of supercapacitor was also confirmed. The binder‐free NSeGA electrode exhibited a high specific capacity of 302.9 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is much higher than that of singly Se‐doped graphene aerogel (SeGA, 183.92 F g−1) and singly N‐doped graphene aerogel (NGA, 150.16 F g−1). Even though the current density reached up to 10 A g−1, 90.4 % of its specific capacitance was maintained. The NSeGA also maintained about 94.1 % of the initial capacitance after 12,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. Moreover, the constructed NSeGA//NSeGA symmetric supercapacitor showed a high energy density of 26.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 900 W kg−1. Accordingly, as a new type of carbon‐based material, NSeGA has a good prospect in the field of supercapacitors.
Electrografting of Sterically Bulky Tetramethylaniline Groups on Glassy Carbon Electrodes through Aryldiazonium Chemistry: Reasons for the Formation of Multilayers
Authors: Subrata Arnold , Veksha Andrei , Pong Zhi Yi , Lisak Grzegorz , Webster Richard D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the field of electrografting with aryldiazonium cations, there are various methods available to graft a monolayer of organic groups onto electrode surfaces. One of these relies on the presence of steric groups or constraints on the aryldiazonium cation itself, which prevent multilayers from being formed by blocking access of the free aryl carbons on the grafted layer to the diazonium cations. Here, we investigate the nature of the layer formed from the electrochemical reduction of bulky 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylaniline monodiazonium cations on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, to form 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylaniline‐modified GC (GC−TMA), which was subsequently characterized by atomic force microscopy scratching, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Despite the bulky structure of the TMA group, GC−TMA was found to exhibit sparse multilayers, owing to the ability of the precursor to undergo its own electropolymerization under the experimental conditions used.
Thermal Elimination of Ethylene from Cyclobutyl Groups Characterized by X‐ray Crystallography in a Metal–Organic Framework Matrix
Authors: Alkaş Adil , Friche Laurine E. S. , Harris Shikeale N. , Telfer Shane G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethods to synthesize and characterize aromatic molecules with vinyl substituents are sought after yet limited in the literature. Here, we introduce cyclobutyl groups into a metal–organic framework (MOF) matrix that are poised to produce ethylene upon heating. The expulsion of ethylene produces vinyl groups on an aromatic core, which are isolated by the crystalline matrix of the framework. This enables full characterization of the thermolysis by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Further, we modify the vinyl groups by a bromine addition reaction. Importantly, the two transformations happen in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner without changing the overall network structure of the parent framework. New insights into the structural and synthetic chemistry of this important class of compound are generated. Installing reactive vinyl tags in materials by the high temperature thermolysis of cyclobutyl groups is a powerful strategy for altering their physicochemical characteristics.
Growth and Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Ultrathin Silica and Germania Films: The Crucial Role of the Metal Support
Authors: Lewandowski Adrián Leandro , Tosoni Sergio , Gura Leonard , Yang Zechao , Fuhrich Alexander , Prieto Mauricio J. , Schmidt Thomas , Usvyat Denis , Schneider Wolf‐Dieter , Heyde Markus , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present review reports on the preparation and atomic‐scale characterization of the thinnest possible films of the glass‐forming materials silica and germania. To this end state‐of‐the‐art surface science techniques, in particular scanning probe microscopy, and density functional theory calculations have been employed. The investigated films range from monolayer to bilayer coverage where both, the crystalline and the amorphous films, contain characteristic XO4 (X=Si,Ge) building blocks. A side‐by‐side comparison of silica and germania monolayer, zigzag phase and bilayer films supported on Mo(112), Ru(0001), Pt(111), and Au(111) leads to a more general comprehension of the network structure of glass former materials. This allows us to understand the crucial role of the metal support for the pathway from crystalline to amorphous ultrathin film growth.
Oxygen Poisoning in Laboratory Testing of Iron‐Based Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts and its Potential Sources
Authors: Folke Jan , Song Huiqing , Schittkowski Julian , Schlögl Robert , Ruland Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe influence of oxygen poisoning on a state‐of‐the‐art multipromoted iron‐based industrial catalyst for ammonia synthesis as well as the effectivity of different gas purification methods to prevent oxygen poisoning for experiments on laboratory scale were studied in detail. Additionally, the observed results were compared to a common oxygen poisoning test from literature, which on the one hand confirmed its usability in a wide range of conditions, but on the other hand also demonstrated the limitations of this test.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 2,4‐Diaminoquinazoline Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Herrera‐Vázquez Frida S. , Matadamas‐Martínez Félix , Aguayo‐Ortiz Rodrigo , Dominguez Laura , Ramírez‐Apan Teresa , Yépez‐Mulia Lilián , Hernández‐Luis Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrotubules are highly dynamic polymers composed of α‐ and β‐tubulin proteins that have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Currently, a wide variety of chemically diverse agents that bind to β‐tubulin have been reported. Nocodazole (NZ) and colchicine (COL) are well‐known tubulin‐depolymerizing agents that have close binding sites in the β‐tubulin. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of nine 2,4‐diaminoquinazoline derivatives that could occupy both NZ and COL binding sites. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines (PC‐3, HCT‐15, MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and SK‐LU‐1), a noncancerous one (COS‐7), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The effect of compounds 4 e and 4 i on tubulin organization and polymerization was analyzed on the SK‐LU‐1 cell line by indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting, and tubulin polymerization assays. Our results demonstrated that both compounds exert their antiproliferative activity by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Finally, a possible binding pose of 4 i in the NZ/COL binding site was determined by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non‐N‐substituted 2,4‐diaminoquinazoline derivatives with the ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization.
Voting‐based intrusion detection framework for securing software‐defined networks
Authors: Swami Rochak , Dave Mayank , Ranga Virender 
Published: July 2020

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm in enterprise networks because of its flexible and cost‐effective nature. By decoupling control and data plane, SDN can provide various defense solutions for securing futuristic networks. However, the architectural design and characteristics of SDN attract several severe attacks. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) is considered as a major destructive cyber attack that makes the services of controller unavailable for its legitimate users. In this research article, an intrusion detection framework is proposed to detect DDoS attacks against SDN. The proposed framework relies on voting‐based ensemble model for the attack detection. Ensemble model is a combination of multiple machine learning classifiers for prediction of final results. In this research article, we propose and analyze three ensemble models named as Voting‐CMN, Voting‐RKM, and Voting‐CKM particularly to benchmarking datasets such as UNSW‐NB15, CICIDS2017, and NSL‐KDD, respectively. For validation of the proposed models, a cross‐validation technique is used with the prediction algorithms. The effectiveness of proposed models is evaluated in terms of prominent metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐measure). Experimental results indicate that the proposed models achieve better performance in terms of accuracy as compared with other existing models.
The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Singlet Fission in Organic Semiconductors: its Understanding and Applications
Authors: Jang Hyuk‐Jae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSinglet fission is a photophysical process in which one singlet excited state converts into two triplet excited states in a molecular system. Singlet fission has gained much attention in photovoltaic technology and the interest in singlet fission stems from the possibility of drastically increasing the efficiency of solar cells. Since singlet fission is a spin‐dependent phenomenon, its dynamic process can be altered and influenced by an external magnetic field. The effect of magnetic fields on singlet fission in molecular materials has been utilized to deliver a better understanding of the phenomenon and even to enhance it. This Minireview provides an overview and an insight on recent developments as well as traditional approaches of how the magnetic field effects in organic molecular systems can be taken advantage of to elucidate the fundamental dynamics of singlet fission process, and furthermore to improve it in technological applications.
Preparation and Upconversion Emission Investigation of the YVO4: Yb3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ Nanomaterials and Their Coupling with the Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Tingting , Li Ke , Mao Huibing , Chen Ye , Wang Jiqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe YVO4 nanomaterials doped with the Yb3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ ions and their mixture with the Au nanoparticles are synthetized with a classical sol‐gel method. With the excitation of a 975 nm laser, both the doped YVO4 sample and the corresponding mixture sample have a series of upconversion emission peaks of Eu3+ and Tb3+, which includes the 5D0→7Fj transitions of the Eu3+ ions and the 5D4→7Fj transitions of the Tb3+ ions. The slope values of the log‐log plots of laser power dependence for the upconversion emission intensities range from 1 to 2, which confirms that the upconversion process is a two‐photon process. With the plasmon coupling, the slope value for the power dependence of the magnetic dipole transition 5D0→7F1 of the Eu3+ ions decreases from 1.4 to 1.1, while it increases for other electric dipole transitions. Because of the plasmon coupling, the emission peak of the Eu3+ at about 2.095 eV decreases significantly and almost cannot be observed. Meanwhile, the emission peak of the Tb3+ at about 2.113 eV increases significantly and becomes the main emission peak in the yellow band. This phenomenon confirms that there is different mechanism for the magnetic and electric dipole emission with the plasmon coupling.