bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular interaction of cytotoxic anticancer analogues as inhibitors of β-tubulin protein against UACC-62 melanoma cell
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chung , Wu Chi-Rei , Lien Jin-Cherng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In previous research, a series of cytotoxic anticancer analogues related to 2-acylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives has been demonstrated. As microtubule plays an important role in many essential cellular processes such as mitosis, tubulin is an important target of anticancer drug. This study performed molecular docking simulation, pharmacophore model, comparative force field analysis model and comparative similarity indices analysis model to investigate the relationship between inhibitory activities and the properties of compounds, in order to further progress the development of cytotoxic anticancer analogues. These compounds have common H-bond interactions with key residues Lys254 and Lys352, but compounds with large R2 substituent have different docking poses than compounds with small R2 substituent. Some of derivatives such as compound 18 formed the H-bonds with residue Lys254 using the oxygen atoms in R1 substituent and formed π-cation interactions with residue Lys352 using phenyl moiety of 1,4-naphthoquinone. The R1 substituent of these compounds preferred to have disfavoured hydrophobic fields and favourable space towards the direction of residue Asn258, while the R2 substituent of these compounds preferred to have about 2–3 carbon chain length hydrophobic substituent towards the direction of residues Ala316 and Lys352. These results offer some beneficial advices for further study in anticancer drug development process.
Comparative study of frozen and permanent section for diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Burnett Luke , Wang Chunyang , Zhang Feng , Adams Stephan , Wilson Joan , Mullins Fred , Lineaweaver William C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe, life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction, causing widespread sloughing of skin and mucosal surfaces. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is essential for optimal management and subsequent outcome. In this study, frozen sections were used as a rapid examination for initial diagnosis of TEN, and the frozen section diagnoses were assessed compared with permanent sections.

Methods
One hundred patients of suspected TEN were referred to our burn unit, and 67 had sufficient clinical findings for frozen and permanent biopsies. The accuracy of frozen section relative to permanent section was evaluated by calculating diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). And McNemar’s tests were used to analyze the difference between the two methods.

Results
Fifty-two specimens were classified as TEN by frozen section, 51 of which were confirmed by permanent biopsy. The exception was diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid on permanent section. Fifteen specimens were read as negative for TEN on frozen slides but 4 were changed to positive by permanent biopsy. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section was 92.5%, with sensitivity and specificity 92.7% and 91.7% respectively. The positive predictive value, or coherence of positive diagnosis between the two methods, was as high as 98.1%, and the negative predictive value was 73.3%. The p-value of McNemar’s tests was 0.375, indicating there was no significant difference between the two biopsy methods.

Conclusion
The data suggest that as a rapid histological assessment, frozen section is a reliable tool in the early diagnosis of TEN.
Seismic wavefield reconstruction inversion using a plane-wave encoding strategy
Authors: Kim Sumin , Chung Wookeen , Kim Young Seo , Shin Changsoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) mitigates cycle skipping by using an inaccurate initial velocity. This attractive technique is usually implemented with shot records. However, if large numbers of shot records are used, WRI can become computationally burdensome due to the many over-determined linear systems that need to be solved. To alleviate this computational issue, we propose an efficient WRI scheme involving plane-wave encoding (WRI-PW) in the frequency domain. Plane-wave encoding can dramatically reduce the number of relevant datasets by transforming shot records into common ray-parameter gathers with time shifting. Therefore, plane-wave encoding is widely used in many aspects of seismic data processing (e.g. waveform inversion, reverse time migration, etc.). Initially, we performed a simple numerical experiment using a velocity model with a box-shaped anomaly. WRI-PW also could generate scattering wavefields in a homogeneous model. Next, computational efficiency was checked with a modified Marmousi-2 model. The results show that the usage of a sufficient plane-wave angle can achieve satisfactory inversion results. It indicates that WRI-PW requires small datasets compared to WRI. Thus, the computational costs for solving the augmented system can be reduced. Further experiments were conducted to evaluate the robustness of WRI-PW to random noise and to compare WRI-PW and conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) with a modified SEG/EAGE salt velocity model. We verify that WRI-PW is more robust to random noise than WRI, it exhibited less dependency on the accuracy of the initial velocity model than conventional FWI and it is computationally efficient.
The Contribution of Clonality to Population Genetic Structure in the Sea Anemone,Diadumene lineata
Authors: Ryan Will H , Aida Jaclyn , Krueger-Hadfield Stacy A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEcological and evolutionary processes differ depending on how genetic diversity is organized in space. For clonal organisms, the organization of both genetic and genotypic diversity can influence the fitness effects of competition, the mating system, and reproductive mode, which are key drivers of life cycle evolution. Understanding how individual reproductive behavior contributes to population genetic structure is essential for disentangling these forces, particularly in species with complex and plastic life cycles. The widespread sea anemone, Diadumene lineata, exhibits temperature-dependent fission, which contributes to predictable variation in clonal rate along the Atlantic coast of the United States, part of its non-native range. Because warmer conditions lead to higher rates of clonality, we expected to find lower genotypic and genetic diversity in lower versus higher latitude populations. We developed primers for 11 microsatellite loci and genotyped 207 anemones collected from 8 sites ranging from Florida to Massachusetts. We found clonal influence at all sites, and as predicted, the largest clones were found at lower latitude sites. We also found genetic signatures of sex in the parts of the range where gametogenesis is most common. Evidence of sex outside the native range is novel for this species and provides insights into the dynamics of this successful invader. Our findings also illustrate challenges that partially clonal taxa pose for eco-evolutionary studies, such as difficulty sampling statistically robust numbers of genets and interpretating common population genetic metrics. For example, we found high among-locus variation in FIS, which makes the meaning of mean multilocus FIS unclear.
Surgical outcomes of primary lung cancers following esophagectomy for primary esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Izumi Nobuhiro , Tsukioka Takuma , Inoue Hidetoshi , Miyamoto Hikaru , Ito Ryuichi , Kimura Takuya , Nishiyama Noritoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the perioperative complications and prognosis of patients with a history of resected esophageal carcinoma who subsequently underwent pulmonary resection of a primary lung cancer.

Methods
The study cohort comprised 23 patients who had undergone curative resection of a primary lung cancer following esophagectomy for a primary esophageal carcinoma. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed.

Results
The initial treatment for esophageal carcinoma was esophagectomy by thoracotomy in 10 patients and video assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 13. The treatments for lung cancer comprised wedge resection in three patients, segmentectomy in seven and lobectomy in 13. The pulmonary resections were performed by thoracotomy in six and video assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 17. The average operating time for the lung cancer surgeries was 202 min and average blood loss 122 ml. There were no perioperative deaths or severe complications. Three- and Five-year overall survival rates were 78.0% and 68.2%. According to univariate survival analysis, age, restrictive ventilatory impairment and histology of lung cancer were significant predictors of poor prognosis (all P &lt; 0.05). Significantly more of the patients with than without restrictive ventilatory impairment died of other diseases (P = 0.0036).

Conclusions
Pulmonary resection for primary lung cancers following esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma is acceptable in selected patients. Such surgery requires caution concerning intrathoracic adhesions and postoperative prolonged air leakage. Patients with restrictive ventilatory impairment had a poorer prognosis, and the indication for surgery in these patients should be carefully considered.
Testosterone attenuates pulmonary epithelial inflammation in male rats of COPD model through preventing NRF1-derived NF-κB signaling
Authors: Wang Xueting , Huang Linlin , Jiang Shan , Cheng Kang , Wang Dan , Luo Qianqian , Wu Xiaomei , Zhu Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Testosterone deficiency is common in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may correlate with the deterioration of COPD. Clinical research suggests that testosterone replacement therapy may slow the COPD progression, but the specific biological pathway remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of testosterone on pulmonary inflammation in male COPD rats. The animals were co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette to induce COPD. In COPD rats, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and NF-κB p65 were upregulated. In cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-, LPS-, or the combination of CSE and LPS-treated L132 cells, NRF1 and p65 were also upregulated. Silencing NRF1 resulted in the downregulation of p65. ChIP‒seq, ChIP‒qPCR, and luciferase results showed that NRF1 transcriptionally regulated p65. Both male and female COPD rats showed an upregulated NRF1 level and similar pulmonary morphology. But NRF1 was further upregulated in male castrated rats. Further supplementing testosterone in castrated male rats significantly reduced NRF1, pulmonary lesions, and inflammation. Supplementation of testosterone also reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IKKβ induced by LPS or CSE in L132 cells. Our results suggest that testosterone plays a protective role in pulmonary epithelial inflammation of COPD through inhibition of NRF1-derived NF-κB signaling and the phosphorylation of p65.
The front line of defence: a meta-analysis of apoplastic proteases in plant immunity
Authors: Godson Alice , van der Hoorn Renier A L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Secreted proteases act at the front line of defence and play pivotal roles in disease resistance. However, the criteria for apoplastic immune proteases are not always defined and followed. Here, we critically reviewed 46 apoplastic proteases that function in plant defence. We found that most apoplastic immune proteases are induced upon infection, and 17 proteases are genetically required for the immune response. Proteolytic activity has been confirmed for most of the proteases but is rarely shown to be required for biological function, and the apoplastic location of proteases can be subjective and dynamic. Pathogen-derived inhibitors have only been described for cysteine and serine proteases, and the selection pressure acting on immune proteases is rarely investigated. We discuss six different mechanisms by which these proteases mediate plant immunity and summarize the challenges for future research.
Measuring the viscosity of dark matter with strongly lensed gravitational waves
Authors: Cao Shuo , Qi Jingzhao , Biesiada Marek , Liu Tonghua , Li Jin , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on the strongly lensed gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescence, we propose a new strategy to examine the fluid shear viscosity of dark matter (DM) in the GW domain, i.e. whether a GW experiences the damping effect when it propagates in DM fluid with nonzero shear viscosity. By assuming that the DM self-scatterings are efficient enough for the hydrodynamic description to be valid, our results demonstrate that future ground-based Einstein Telescope and satellite GW observatory (big bang observer) may succeed in detecting any DM self-interactions at the scales of galaxies and clusters.
Naming the Frames that Shape Us
Authors: Marvin Elizabeth West 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis introduction provides context for the Society for Music Theory’s 2019 plenary session, “Reframing Music Theory.” These four papers together confront the frames of race, ethnicity, nationality, ability, gender, and sexuality that have bounded music theory and music theorists for generations, constraining what our discipline can be. They explore underlying reasons for the lack of diversity in the Society’s demographics and suggest ways that our research can be enriched when we embrace this diversity, to lead to a more equitable future.
Fungal-Type Terpene Synthases in Marchantia polymorpha Are Involved in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Oil Body Cells
Authors: Takizawa Ryosuke , Hatada Miki , Moriwaki Yuta , Abe Sachika , Yamashita Yuko , Arimitsu Ryoma , Yamato Katsuyuki T , Nishihama Ryuichi , Kohchi Takayuki , Koeduka Takao , Chen Feng , Matsui Kenji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses oil bodies in idioblastic oil body cells scattered in its thallus. Oil bodies are subcellular organelles in which specific sesquiterpenes and bisbibenzyls are accumulated. Therefore, a specialized system for the biosynthesis and accumulation of these defense compounds specifically in oil bodies has been implied. A recent study on M. polymorpha genome sequencing revealed 10 genes that shared high similarities with fungal-type terpene synthases (TPSs). Eight of these fungal-type TPS-like genes in M. polymorpha (MpFTPSL1-6, -9 and -10) are located within a 376-kb stretch on chromosome 6 and share similarities of over 94% at the nucleotide level. Therefore, these genes have likely originated from recent gene duplication events. The expression of a subset of MpFTPSLs was induced under non-axenic growth on vermiculite, which increased the amounts of sesquiterpenes and number of oil bodies. The tdTomato fluorescent protein-based in-fusion reporter assay with MpFTPSL2 promoter revealed fluorescent signals specifically in oil body cells of the thallus, indicating that MpFTPSL2 functions in oil body cells. Recombinant MpFTPSL2 expression in Escherichia coli led to sesquiterpene synthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, suppression of a subset of MpFTPSLs through RNA interference reduced sesquiterpene accumulation in thalli grown on vermiculite. Taken together, these results suggest that at least a subset of MpFTPSLs is involved in sesquiterpene synthesis in oil body cells.
Allostatic Load Effects on Cortical and Cognitive Deficits in Essentially Normotensive, Normoweight Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhou Yanfang , Huang Junchao , Zhang Ping , Tong Jinghui , Fan Fengmei , Gou Mengzhuang , Cui Yimin , Luo Xingguang , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Feng Wei , Yang Fude , Tian Baopeng , Tian Li , Savransky Anya , Hare Stephanie , Ryan Meghann C , Goldwaser Eric , Chiappelli Joshua , Chen Shuo , Kochunov Peter , Kvarta Mark , Tan Yunlong , Hong L Elliot 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReduced cortical gray matter integrity and cognitive abilities are among core deficits in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that higher allostatic load (AL) that accounts for exposure to chronic stress is a contributor to structural and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. One hundred and sixty-seven schizophrenia patients who were on average with normal weight, normal systolic, and diastolic blood pressure and 72 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group differences in subclinical cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine biological markers as indexed by AL and contribution of AL components to the structural and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia were explored. Compared with controls, schizophrenia patients who were normotensive, normoweight, and had low total cholesterol levels still had significantly higher AL mainly due to lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher heart rate, waist-hip ratio, hemoglobinA1c, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and overnight-urine cortisol levels. Patients also had decreased whole-brain mean cortical thickness, and lower cognition assessed by the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery. AL was inversely correlated with mean cortical thickness and cognition in schizophrenia, while none of these relationships existed in controls. Mediation analyses showed the effect of AL on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia was significantly mediated by cortical thinning, and the most significant mediating cortical area was the left superior frontal gyrus. Cortical thickness may act as a mediator between AL and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Early intervention strategies to reduce cortical thinning and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia should target specific aspects of their high AL in addition to weight gain, hypertension and high cholesterol levels.
Environmental Risk Factors in Bipolar Disorder and Psychotic Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria , Alameda Luis , Trotta Giulia , Spinazzola Edoardo , Marino Paolo , Matheson Sandra L , Laurens Kristin R , Murray Robin M , Vassos Evangelos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the association between specific environmental risk factors (ERF) and later development of Bipolar disorder and Psychotic depression.

Methods
A systematic search of prospective studies was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases, and supplemented by hand searching, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number: CRD42018092253). Selected ERF included: pre-/peri-natal factors—paternal age at birth, maternal infection, obstetric complications, perinatal stress; early childhood factors—urbanicity at birth, childhood infection, childhood adversity; later life factors—substance misuse, ethnic minority and migration, urbanicity later in life, stressful life events, and traumatic head injury. Pooled effect sizes of the association between these ERF and affective psychoses were calculated from systematically selected studies. When studies examining each ERF were insufficient for meta-analysis, results were presented narratively.

Results
Forty-six studies were included for quantitative analyses among selected ERF for affective psychosis, with significant association found for paternal age &gt;40 years (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.12–1.23), early (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.07–2.17) and late (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.05–1.67) gestational age, childhood adversity (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.18–1.50), substance misuse (OR 2.87, 95%CI 1.63–5.50), and being from an ethnic minority (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.39–2.84).

Conclusions
These results suggest some shared environmental load between non-affective and affective psychosis, implying generalized risks for psychosis rather than for specific diagnostic categories. Nonetheless, published studies for some ERF in the affective psychoses are scarce, and further longitudinal studies are needed.
Transcriptional Profiling of ThreePseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiaeBiovars Reveals Different Responses to Apoplast-Like Conditions Related to Strain Virulence on the Host
Authors: Vandelle Elodie , Colombo Teresa , Regaiolo Alice , Maurizio Vanessa , Libardi Tommaso , Puttilli Maria-Rita , Danzi Davide , Polverari Annalisa 
Published: December 2020

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a phytopathogen that causes devastating bacterial canker in kiwifruit. Among five biovars defined by genetic, biochemical, and virulence traits, P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) is the most aggressive and is responsible for the most recent reported outbreaks; however, the molecular basis of its heightened virulence is unclear. Therefore, we designed the first P. syringae multistrain whole-genome microarray, encompassing biovars Psa1, Psa2, and Psa3 and the well-established model P. syringae pv. tomato, and analyzed early bacterial responses to an apoplast-like minimal medium. Transcriptomic profiling revealed i) the strong activation in Psa3 of all hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) and hrp conserved (hrc) cluster genes, encoding components of the type III secretion system required for bacterial pathogenicity and involved in responses to environmental signals; ii) potential repression of the hrp/hrc cluster in Psa2; and iii) activation of flagellum-dependent cell motility and chemotaxis genes in Psa1. The detailed investigation of three gene families encoding upstream regulatory proteins (histidine kinases, their cognate response regulators, and proteins with diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase domains) indicated that cyclic di-GMP may be a key regulator of virulence in P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovars. The gene expression data were supported by the quantification of biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that diverse early responses to the host apoplast, even among bacteria belonging to the same pathovar, can lead to different virulence strategies and may explain the differing outcomes of infections. Based on our detailed structural analysis of hrp operons, we also propose a revision of hrp cluster organization and operon regulation in P. syringae.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Cardiac arrest in older adult patients
Authors: Einav Sharon , Cortegiani Andrea , Marcus Esther-Lee 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To describe the epidemiology, prognostication, and treatment of out- and in-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA and IHCA) in elderly patients.

Recent findings
Elderly patients undergoing cardiac arrest (CA) challenge the appropriateness of attempting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Current literature suggests that factors traditionally associated with survival to hospital discharge and neurologically intact survival after CA cardiac arrest in general (e.g. presenting ryhthm, bystander CPR, targeted temperature management) may not be similarly favorable in elderly patients. Alternative factors meaningful for outcome in this special population include prearrest functional status, comorbidity load, the specific age subset within the elderly population, and CA location (i.e., nursing versus private home). Age should therefore not be a standalone criterion for withholding CPR. Attempts to perform CPR in an elderly patient should instead stem from a shared decision-making process.

Summary
An appropriate CPR attempt is an attempt resulting in neurologically intact survival. Appropriate CPR in elderly patients requires better risk classification. Future research should therefore focus on the associations of specific within-elderly age subgroups, comorbidities, and functional status with neurologically intact survival. Reporting must be standardized to enable such evaluation.