bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Rissbildung in Stahlbetonbauteilen infolge Zwangbeanspruchung
Authors: Jin Chao , Schmidt Christopher , Chudoba Rostislav , Hegger Josef 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFür die Ermittlung der Mindestbewehrung zur Rissbreitenbegrenzung unter Zwang wird im aktuellen Eurocode 2 ein risskraftbasierter Ansatz verwendet. Infolge der Änderung der anzusetzenden Betonzugfestigkeit im nationalen Anhang ist eine wirtschaftliche Bemessung weitestgehend nicht mehr möglich. Die Ursache der Überdimensionierung der Mindestbewehrung liegt unter anderem darin, dass der Bemessungsansatz auf unvollständigen empirischen Daten und konservativen Annahmen basiert. Zur Untersuchung der Einflüsse auf die Rissentstehung und ‐bildung unter Zwang sind genau definierte Randbedingungen nötig. Dadurch werden die Vergleichbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der experimentellen Untersuchungen ermöglicht. Der verwendete Versuchsaufbau erlaubt eine vollständige Zwängung unter konstanten klimatischen Randbedingungen der Versuchskörper. Die systematische Auswertung ausgewählter Versuche und Analyse der Rissbildung bildet die Grundlage für eine zukünftige Identifizierung maßgeblicher Phänomene.
Einfluss einer druckschwellinduzierten Degradation von Fahrbahndeckenbeton auf die schädigende AKR
Authors: Krütt Enno , Weise Frank , Meng Birgit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren sind im deutschen Bundesautobahnnetz verstärkt Schäden an vor 2005 errichteten Betonfahrbahndecken aufgetreten, die mit einer Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) in Verbindung gebracht werden. Neben dem AKR‐fördernden Einfluss von alkalihaltigen Taumitteln werden Fahrbahndecken zyklischen mechanischen Belastungen infolge des Verkehrs und Zwangsspannungen durch klimatische Einwirkungen ausgesetzt. Solche mechanischen Belastungen werden bisher in keinem AKR‐Prüfverfahren berücksichtigt. Die zyklischen Belastungen können zu einer Degradation des Betongefüges führen, die ggf. einen AKR‐fördernden Einfluss hat. Dieser Beitrag stellt Untersuchungen vor, die zur Beantwortung der Frage nach dem Einfluss einer zyklischen mechanischen Belastung auf den AKR‐Schadensprozess beitragen. Dabei wird der Hypothese nachgegangen, dass die ermüdungsinduzierte Degradation zu einer Erhöhung des Stofftransports führt. Dieser hat einen Einfluss auf die AKR‐Schadensentwicklung, da die Reaktionspartner zunächst zum Reaktionsort transportiert werden müssen. Daher wird angenommen, dass sich mit dem Stofftransport auch die AKR‐Schädigung verstärkt. Es werden Betonproben aus typischen Fahrbahndeckenbetonen einer vorgeschalteten zyklischen Druckschwellbelastung ausgesetzt. Die Degradation infolge der Vorbelastung wird simultan mittels ZfP‐Verfahren charakterisiert. Anschließend werden die Auswirkungen der zyklischen Vorschädigung auf den Stofftransport sowie auf die AKR vergleichend an Prüfkörpern ohne und mit Vorschädigung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die zyklische Vorschädigung sowohl den Stofftransport als auch die AKR fördert.
Genauigkeit der Betondeckungsmessung und Grenzen der Detektion benachbarter Stäbe mit Radar
Authors: Taffe Alexander , Vonk Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie klassische Betondeckungsmessung wird im Allgemeinen zum Nachweis der Dauerhaftigkeit durchgeführt. Entsprechend der geforderten Mindestbetondeckung der Expositionsklassen von max. 40 mm zuzüglich 15 mm Vorhaltemaß sind Betondeckungen von maximal 60 bis 70 mm relevant. Das deckt sich mit den maximal erzielbaren Detektionstiefen magnetisch induktiver Geräte (in der Regel auf der Basis von Wirbelstrom), die im Allgemeinen in der Praxis zu Betondeckungsmessungen verwendet werden. Größere Betondeckungen sind nur noch aus statischer Sicht von Interesse und unter anderem mit Radar messbar. Das gilt besonders dann, wenn die Tragfähigkeit einer Konstruktion bei tiefer liegender Bewehrung nachgewiesen werden soll und die Messung der Einbautiefen der Bewehrung erforderlich ist, um z. B. den inneren Hebelarm zu bestimmen. Daher zielen die hier veröffentlichten Ergebnisse zur Betondeckungsmessung mit Radar auf die spätere Anwendung zur Nachrechnung von Bauwerken auf der Basis von Ergebnissen der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (ZfPStatik) ab.In diesem Artikel geht es um die Bestimmung der Genauigkeit von Radarmessungen und der Möglichkeit, benachbarte Stäbe voneinander getrennt zu detektieren. Daher wird auch auf die Erstellung von Testkörpern und deren Genauigkeit hinsichtlich der realisierten Einbautiefen der Bewehrung eingegangen.
CHRONOCRISIS: When Cell Cycle Asynchrony Generates DNA Damage in Polyploid Cells
Authors: Gemble Simon , Basto Renata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolyploid cells contain multiple copies of all chromosomes. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed to sustain tissue barrier function or to increase metabolic potential and cell size. Programmed polyploidy is normally associated with terminal differentiation and poor proliferation capacity. Conversely, non‐programmed polyploidy can give rise to cells that retain the ability to proliferate. This can fuel rapid genome rearrangements and lead to diseases like cancer. Here, the mechanisms that generate polyploidy are reviewed and the possible challenges upon polyploid cell division are discussed. The discussion is framed around a recent study showing that asynchronous cell cycle progression (an event that is named “chronocrisis”) of different nuclei from a polyploid cell can generate DNA damage at mitotic entry. The potential mechanisms explaining how mitosis in non‐programmed polyploid cells can generate abnormal karyotypes and genetic instability are highlighted.
Associations between safety, tolerability, and toxicity and the reporting of health‐related quality of life in phase III randomized trials in common solid tumors
Authors: Saleh Ramy R. , Meti Nicholas , Ribnikar Domen , Goldvaser Hadar , Ocana Alberto , Templeton Arnoud J. , Seruga Bostjan , Amir Eitan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐cancer drugs are approved typically on the basis of efficacy and safety as evaluated in phase III randomized trials (RCTs). Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is a direct measure of patient benefit, but is under‐reported. Here we explore associations with reporting of HRQoL data in phase III RCTs in common solid tumors.MethodsWe searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify phase III RCTs evaluating new drugs in adults with advanced cancers that completed accrual between January 2005 and October 2016. Data on HRQoL, safety, and tolerability comprising treatment‐related death, treatment discontinuation and commonly reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were extracted. Associations between these measures and reporting of HRQoL data were explored using logistic regression.ResultsOf 377 phase III RCTs identified initially, 143 studies were analysed and comprised 55% positive trials and 90% industry sponsored trials. HRQoL was listed as an endpoint in 59% trials; and of these, only 65% reported HRQoL data. There were higher odds of reporting HRQoL data for positive trials (OR 2.05, P = .04) and trials published in journals with higher impact factor (OR 1.35, P = .01). Reporting of HRQoL was not associated with treatment‐related death (OR 1.25, P = .40) or treatment discontinuation (OR 1.12, P = .61), but was positively associated with dyspnea and dermatological adverse events.ConclusionsHRQoL is reported in only two‐thirds of RCTs that describe collecting such data. Reporting of HRQoL is associated with positive trial outcome and higher journal impact factor, but not associated with overall safety and tolerability of anti‐cancer drugs.
Four‐year mortality in women and men after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the SAPIEN 3
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Baumgartner Helmut , Frank Derk , Husser Oliver , Bleiziffer Sabine , Rudolph Tanja , Jeger Raban , Fraccaro Chiara , Hovorka Tomas , Wendler Olaf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate 4‐year, post‐transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) survival and predictors of survival by sex, in a real‐world cohort that underwent transfemoral TAVI with SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve.BackgroundPrevious TAVI investigations of first‐generation devices demonstrated an early‐ to mid‐term survival advantage in women compared with men.MethodsSOURCE 3 (SAPIEN 3 Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome) is a post‐approval, multicentre, observational registry. Patients (N = 1,694, 49.2% women, age 81.7 ± 6.7 years) with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk (logistic EuroSCORE 17.8%) underwent TAVI between 2014 and 2015. Kaplan–Meier event estimates were used to determine mortality by sex. Predictors of overall mortality were identified using a cox multivariate proportional hazard model.ResultsAt 4 years, women had lower all‐cause mortality than men (36.0 vs 39.7%; p = .0911; HR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.75–1.02]). No difference was observed for cardiac mortality between women 24.2% and men 24.7% (p = .76; HR: 0.97 [95% CI: 0.79–1.19]). When adjusted for baseline characteristics (age, height, weight, NYHA functional class, renal insufficiency, EuroScore, and tricuspid regurgitation), sex had no impact on mortality.ConclusionsIn this large, real‐world cohort, all‐cause mortality trended lower in women than men at 4 years post TAVI; however, several baseline factors, but not sex, were predictors of mortality. No difference between sexes was observed for cardiovascular mortality.
Structural Insight of the Frailty of 2D Janus NbSeTe as an Active Photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Xiaoyong , Banerjee Amitava , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new family of 2D materials, Janus MTeSe (M=Nb, Mo, or W) pristine and defective monolayers have been investigated in this work as promising catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on first‐principles calculations. It has been observed that these Janus monolayers are dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Hybrid exchange‐correlation functional (HSE06) based electronic structures reveal Janus NbTeSe is a polarized semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.478 eV with excellent optical absorption capability near infra‐red region. While MoTeSe and WTeSe monolayers are direct bandgap semiconductors with a suitable bandgap of 1.859 and 1.898 eV. The carrier effective masses and mobilities in MTeSe monolayer are also calculated. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of pristine as well as defective MTeSe for HER has been identified from the reaction coordinate based on the adsorption free energy (
). It is noticed that the Nb based Janus layer has comparatively weak HER activity than its peers, group VIB transition metals, Mo, W based Janus layer. The Coulomb attraction between the hydrogen and the monolayer decreases with the increase of the inner atomic radius from Nb, Mo to W, which is one of the structural frailties of 2D Janus NbSeTe as an active photocatalyst. We have further analyzed electronic structures and charge density distributions of pristine and defective MTeSe with/without H adatom to unveil the reason of the catalytic inferiority for Nb based Janus layer over W and Mo based systems. This comparative study of Janus MTeSe monolayers with HSE06 would provide a deep understanding of Janus based HER catalyst.
Hierarchical Self‐Supported Carbon Nanostructure Enables Superior Stability of Highly Nitrogen‐Doped anodes
Authors: Han Yupei , Chen Dongjiang , Ali Shamshad , Feng Chao , Meng Fanping , Waqas Muhammad , He Weidong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the primary anode for both lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries, carbonaceous anodes store more energy and own a higher rate capacity through nitrogen doping. Nevertheless, achieving a high nitrogen content in a carbonaceous anode is challenging because it tends to result in anode instability, owing to high‐level structural defects. Here, by doping biotic ispaghula with nitrogen from melamine through hydrothermal and carbonization treatments, we design and prepare a nitrogen‐enriched carbonaceous anode with a record‐high 30 % nitrogen content primarily in pyridinic and pyrrolic forms. The anode owns a self‐supported architecture that contains a highly‐defected (ID : IG=1.34) nanosheet structure sandwiched and supported with carbon nanospheres. Through surface defects, Li and Na ions are stored and transported efficiently in both highly doped graphitic carbon and amorphous carbon. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that amorphous carbon can be crystallized in the Li storage process to contribute reversible capacity. The highly doped anode delivers capacities of 551 mAh g−1 for 500 cycles for lithium storage and 278 mAh g−1 for 2000 cycles of sodium storage at a current density of 1 A g−1, surpassing those of the‐state‐of‐the‐art at an identical current density and with the same cycle number.
Kohlenstoff‐Recycling aus Abfallbehandlungsanlagen – Baustein für eine biobasierte Industrie?
Authors: Stöckmann Marius , Bertau Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie thermische Behandlung von Abfall ist heute anerkannter Stand der Technik. Die bei der stattfindenden Verbrennung entstehenden Prozessgase enthalten u. a. Kohlenstoffdioxid. Kohlenstoffdioxid ist unter anderem mitverantwortlich für den Treibhauseffekt, andererseits aber auch ein Kohlenstoffbaustein für die chemische Synthese, z.B. in Methanol. Durch das entwickelte Modell wird eine Bewertung der Investitions‐ und Betriebskosten zeitnah ermöglicht und eine belastbare Entscheidungsgrundlage im Rahmen einer Standortanalyse generiert.
Digital image analysis in pathologist‐selected regions of interest predicts survival more accurately than whole‐slide analysis: a direct comparison study in 153 gastric carcinomas
Authors: Heo You Jeong , Lee Taebum , Byeon Sun‐Ju , Kim Eun Ji , Shin Hyeong Chan , Kim Binnari , Kang So Young , Ha Sang Yun , Kim Kyoung‐Mee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAutomatic quantification of biomarkers such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and PD‐L1 is one of the most studied topics in digital pathology image analysis (DIA). However, direct comparison between the DIA of a whole‐slide image (WSI) and that of regions of interest (ROIs) chosen by pathologists has not been performed. In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment markers CD8 and PD‐L1, measured by DIA of WSIs and ROIs. We selected 153 primary gastric cancer tissues and stained them with CD8 and PD‐L1. All IHC slides were scanned at ×200 magnification and ratios of CD8 and PD‐L1 were measured in WSIs and ROIs from the invasive front, within the tumor, and the mucosa. Patients with high CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios showed more favorable outcomes compared to those with low ratios. Pathologist‐aided DIA predicted the survival of patients more accurately than WSI analysis (CD8, p = 0.025 versus p = 0.068; PD‐L1, p = 0.008 versus p = 0.2). Although a high density of CD8+ T cells at the invasive front correlated best with patient survival, CD8 ratio in the mucosa could also predict patient outcome. In conclusion, CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios measured by pathologist‐aided DIA predicted survival more accurately than WSI analyses and ROIs at the invasive front correlated best with patient outcome.
Predictors of ventricular pacing burden after permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Elzeneini Mohammed , Assaf Yazan , Aalaei‐Andabili Seyed Hossein , Mahmoud Ahmad , Hamburger Robert , Goel Ramil , Bavry Anthony A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the era of an expanding use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), conduction disturbances and the requirement for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation remains a clinical concern.HypothesisUsing a single‐center experience, we sought to identify predictors of ventricular pacing burden after TAVR in patients who required PPM implantation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 359 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent TAVR at our institution between September 2013 and July 2019. Thirty patients (8.4%) required a PPM within 30 days after TAVR. Pre and post‐TAVR electrocardiograms, pre‐TAVR echocardiograms and computed tomography (CT), TAVR procedural details and post‐TAVR device interrogation records at 1, 3, and 6 months were reviewed.ResultsMean percentage of ventricular pacing (VP%) at 1, 3, and 6 months was 58%, 59%, and 56% respectively. Using univariate logistic regression analysis, patients who had low VP% < 5% at 6 months were more likely to have a prosthesis/echocardiography‐derived left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter ratio < 1.3 (OR 7.00, P‐value .048), prosthesis/CT‐derived aortic annulus diameter ratio < 1.02 (OR 7.11, P‐value .047), post‐TAVR new‐onset LBBB (OR 16.80, P‐value .019), time to PPM implantation greater than 2 days post‐TAVR (OR 9.38, P‐value .026) and pre‐TAVR use of a beta blocker (OR 9.40, P‐value .026).ConclusionsIn patients who required a PPM implantation post‐TAVR, a lower TAVR prosthesis/LVOT or aortic annulus diameter ratio, post‐TAVR new‐onset LBBB and later time of PPM implantation showed a trend toward predicting a low VP% at 6 months.
Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase increases myofibril viscosity in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Taneja Nilay , Bersi Matthew R. , Rasmussen Megan L. , Gama Vivian , Merryman W. David , Burnette Dylan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coordinated generation of mechanical forces by cardiac myocytes is required for proper heart function. Myofibrils are the functional contractile units of force production within individual cardiac myocytes. At the molecular level, myosin motors form cross‐bridges with actin filaments and use ATP to convert chemical energy into mechanical forces. The energetic efficiency of the cross‐bridge cycle is influenced by the viscous damping of myofibril contraction. The viscoelastic response of myofibrils is an emergent property of their individual mechanical components. Previous studies have implicated titin‐actin interactions, cell‐ECM adhesion, and microtubules as regulators of the viscoelastic response of myofibrils. Here we probed the viscoelastic response of myofibrils using laser‐assisted dissection. As a proof‐of‐concept, we found actomyosin contractility was required to endow myofibrils with their viscoelastic response, with blebbistatin treatment resulting in decreased myofibril tension and viscous damping. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key regulator of cell‐ECM adhesion, microtubule stability, and myofibril assembly. We found inhibition of FAK signaling altered the viscoelastic properties of myofibrils. Specifically, inhibition of FAK resulted in increased viscous damping of myofibril retraction following laser ablation. This damping was not associated with acute changes in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac myocytes. These results implicate FAK as a regulator of mechanical properties of myofibrils.
The Effects of the Alkaloid Tambjamine J on Mice Implanted with Sarcoma 180 Tumor Cells
Authors: Barros‐Nepomuceno Francisco Washington A. , de Araújo Viana Daniel , Pinheiro Daniel Pascoalino , de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira Fátima , Magalhães Ferreira Jamile , R. de Queiroz Maria Goretti , Ma Xinghua , Cavalcanti Bruno Coêlho , Pessoa Claudia , Banwell Martin G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tambjamines are a small group of bipyrrolic alkaloids that, collectively, display a significant range of biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive properties. The key objective of the present study was to undertake preclinical assessments of tambjamine J (T‐J) so as to determine its in vivo antitumor effects. To that end, sarcoma 180 cells were transplanted in mice and the impacts of the title compound then evaluated using a range of protocols including hematological, biochemical, histopathological, genotoxic and clastogenic assays. As a result it was established that this alkaloid has a significant therapeutic window and effectively reduces tumor growth (by 40 % and 79 % at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). In this regard it displays similar antitumor activity to the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide and alters animal weight in an analogous manner.
AAV9‐mediated AIRE gene delivery clears circulating antibodies and tissue T‐cell infiltration in a mouse model of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type‐1
Authors: Almaghrabi Sarah , Azzouz Mimoun , Tazi Ahnini Rachid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAutoimmune polyglandular syndrome type‐1 (APS‐1) is a monogenic recessive disorder characterised by multiple endocrine abnormalities, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and high titres of serum autoantibodies. To date, no curative treatment is available; current therapies manage the symptoms rather than treating the cause and have major side effects. APS‐1 is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. AIRE mediates central tolerance by directing the ectopic expression of tissue‐specific antigens (TSAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells, causing the deletion of self‐reactive thymocytes. Therefore, loss‐of‐function mutations in AIRE result in a multisystem autoimmune disease. Because of the monogenic aetiology of APS‐1 and availability of an APS‐1 mouse model, we have explored the option of restoring functional AIRE using adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9).MethodsThe efficacy of AAV9‐AIRE (AAV9 carrying AIRE cDNA) gene therapy was assessed in an APS‐1 mouse model. We performed intrathymic injection of AAV9‐AIRE into APS‐1 mouse model using ultrasound imaging technique to accurately locating the thymus. We evaluated the efficiency of this approach alongside measures of autoimmunity and histology of target tissues.ResultsIntrathymic injection of AAV9‐AIRE demonstrated high transduction efficiency and restored AIRE expression in the thymus. AIRE gene delivery led to a significant increase in TSA expression, and importantly a significant reduction of serum autoantibodies in treated versus control mice, which fell to near‐undetectable levels by 4 weeks post‐treatment. Furthermore, histological analysis of treated animals showed near‐normal tissue morphology with no lymphocytic infiltrations, a hallmark of untreated Aire‐deficient mice.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the feasibility of AAV9‐AIRE as a vehicle for gene therapy for APS‐1.
Host specificity and microhabitat preference of symbiotic copepods (Cyclopoida: Clausiididae) associated with ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Callichiridae, Callianideidae)
Authors: Sepahvand Vahid , Brown Bryan L. , Gholamifard Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examined the host specificity of two ectosymbiotic Clausidium Kossman, 1874 copepods (Cyclopoida: Clausiididae) on two co‐occurrence species of host ghost shrimps. Our results revealed that both species of symbiotic copepod demonstrated extremely high host specificity. Moreover, within a single host shrimp species, each symbiont species displayed strong spatial patterns in microhabitat selection on their hosts’ bodies. Clausidium persiaensis Sepahvand & Kihara, 2017, was only found on the host Callianidea typa Milne Edwards, 1837 and almost exclusively within the host shrimp gill chamber, while C. iranensis Sepahvand, Kihara, & Boxshall, 2019 was only found on the host Neocallichirus jousseaumei (Nobili, 1904) and showed extremely strong preferences for the chelae and anterior walking legs. We also found that while the number of symbionts tends to increase with the host size, the two host species differed in the degree of symbiont infestation, with large C. typa hosting approximately 7× as many symbionts as the similarly sized N. jousseaumeia. The mechanisms resulting in the observed differences in infestation levels and microhabitat preferences of clausidium copepods among their hosts, including differences in physiology, burrowing pattern, and host grooming behavior should be further investigated.