bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of stimulus induced after discharges in the evaluation of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability: Old wine in a new bottle?
Authors: Nair Aditya Vijayakrishnan , Mani Arun , Vijayaraghavan Asish , Alexander Pullumpallil , Shaikh Atif , Ninan Rohit , Prabhakar A.T. , Sivadasan Ajith , Aaron Sanjit , Jude John , Mathew Vivek , Alexander Mathew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLimited literature is available on stimulus induced after discharges (SIAD) in patients with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH). The aim of the study was to examine the diagnostic utility of SIAD in the diagnosis and monitoring of primary PNH disorders. In this retrospective study, we studied 26 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of primary PNH to the department of Neurology from January 2013 to April 2019. Their clinical profile, immunological characteristics were extracted from the database and nerve conduction studies were relooked for the presence of SIAD. 76% of patients in the primary PNH cohort had SIAD with 90% of them being voltage‐gated potassium channel complex antibody positive; predominantly against contactin‐associated protein‐2 antigen and rest being paraneoplastic. There was also resolution of SIAD following treatment indicating reversible hyperexcitability. SIAD is a sensitive marker for Primary PNH syndrome with monitoring and diagnostic implications.
Factors associated with return to work following myocardial infarction: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Sun Weizhe , Gholizadeh Leila , Perry Lin , Kang Kyoungrim , Heydari Mehrdad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and critically synthesise literature on return to work of patients following a myocardial infarction and to identify factors that are associated with this.BackgroundUnderstanding when patients return to work after myocardial infarction and what factors are associated with this may be helpful in designing person‐centred treatment plans to facilitate patients' rehabilitation and return to work.DesignA narrative systematic review.Review methodsSix databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, EMBASE, SCOPUS and ProQuest Health and Medicine, and the search engine Google were searched to retrieve peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 2008–January 2020. In total, 22,217 papers were sourced and screened, with 18 papers retained for quality appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.ResultsThe mean time to return to work varied between 46–192 days; about half the participants resumed work by 3 months. Patients who were male, younger, educated, non‐manual workers or owned their own business, and those who evaluated their general and mental health highly, and had shorter hospitalisation, fewer comorbidities, complications and mental health issues were more likely to return to work after myocardial infarction.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings may help nurses detect patients at increased risk of failure to return to work and provide appropriate support to facilitate this.
Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: results of a multicentre observational study
Authors: Aweimer A. , El‐Battrawy I. , Akin I. , Borggrefe M. , Mügge A. , Patsalis P. C. , Urban A. , Kummer M. , Vasileva S. , Stachon A. , Hering S. , Dietrich J. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral reports have described Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) secondary to thyrotoxicosis. A complex interaction of central and peripheral catecholamines with thyroid homeostasis has been suggested. In this study, we analysed sequential thyroid hormone profiles during the acute phase of TTS.MethodsThyrotropin (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) concentrations were analysed at predefined time points in 32 patients presenting with TTS or acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 16 in each group) in a 2‐year period in two German university hospitals. Data were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls (10 samples, each of 16 subjects), and an unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithm identified patterns in the hormone signature. Subjects with thyroid disease and patients receiving amiodarone were excluded from follow‐up.ResultsAmong patients with TTS, FT4 concentrations were significantly higher when compared to controls or ACS. Four subjects (25%) suffered from subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis. Two additional patients developed subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis during stay in hospital. In four subjects (25%), FT4 concentrations were increased, despite nonsuppressed TSH concentration, representing an elevated set point of thyroid homeostasis. The thyroid hormone profile was normal in only six patients (38%) presenting with TTS.ConclusionAbnormal thyroid function is frequent in patients with TTS. Primary hyperthyroidism and an elevated set point of thyroid homeostasis are common in TTS, suggesting a stress‐dependent endocrine response or type 2 thyroid allostasis. Thyroid function may be a worthwhile target in treating or preventing TTS.
Ribociclib enhances infigratinib‐induced cancer cell differentiation and delays resistance in FGFR‐driven hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Prawira Aldo , Le Thi Bich Uyen , Vu Thanh Chung , Huynh Hung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsInfigratinib is a pan‐FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) inhibitor that has shown encouraging activity in FGFR‐dependent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. However, long‐term treatment results in the emergence of resistant colonies. We sought to understand the mechanisms behind infigratinib‐induced tumour cell differentiation and resistance and to explore the potential of adding the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib to prolong cell differentiation.MethodsNine high and three low FGFR1‐3‐expressing HCC patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) tumours were subcutaneously implanted into SCID mice and subsequently treated with either infigratinib alone or in combination with ribociclib. Tumour tissues were then subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess cell differentiation, as indicated by the cytoplasmic‐to‐nuclear ratio and markers such as CYP3A4, HNF4α and albumin. Western blot analyses were performed to investigate the signalling pathways involved.ResultsInfigratinib induced cell differentiation in FGFR1‐3‐dependent HCC PDX models, as indicated by an increase in the cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio and an increase in CYP3A4, HNF4α and albumin. Resistant colonies emerged in long‐term treatment, characterised by a reversal of differentiated cell morphology, a reduction in the cytoplasmic‐to‐nuclear ratio and a loss of differentiation markers. Western blot analyses identified an increase in the CDK4/Cdc2/Rb pathway. The addition of ribociclib effectively blocked this pathway and reversed resistance to infigratinib, resulting in prolonged cell differentiation and growth inhibition.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the combined inhibition of FGFR/CDK4/6 pathways is highly effective in providing long‐lasting tumour growth inhibition and cell differentiation and reducing drug resistance. Therefore, further clinical investigations in patients with FGFR1‐3‐dependant HCC are warranted.
Maintenance of normal fusion in intermittent exotropia
Authors: Ma Martin Ming‐Leung , Kang Ying , Scheiman Mitchell , Chen Qiwen , Ye Xuelian , Chen Xiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the reliability of the Bagolini filter bar and striated lenses for measuring the fusion maintenance score, which is the ability of participants with intermittent exotropia to maintain normal sensorimotor fusion.MethodsThirty‐two Chinese participants aged 7–20 years with intermittent exotropia (excluding the convergence insufficiency type) were enrolled in this prospective study. At the eligibility screening, visual acuity, cover test and assessment of the office control score were performed. At study visit 1, eligible participants underwent negative and positive fusional vergence tests at far and near, eye dominance test and the fusion maintenance test. All eligible participants returned for study visit 2 on the same day (2–4 h later) and the testing was repeated. The primary outcome measure was the intra‐class correlation coefficient of the fusion maintenance score between the two study visits.ResultsThe intra‐class correlation coefficient of the fusion maintenance score was 0.84, indicating good reliability. There was no significant difference (mean difference = 0.05, p = 0.95) between the fusion maintenance scores for the first (5.62) and second study visits (5.57). The coefficient of repeatability and the smallest detectable change for the fusion maintenance scores were 7.6 and 6.3, respectively. The fusion maintenance score was significantly associated with the distance (Spearman correlation −0.57, p < 0.001) and near (Spearman correlation −0.4, p = 0.02) office control scores.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the fusion maintenance score is a reliable tool to evaluate sensorimotor fusion in intermittent exotropia. These results suggest that the fusion maintenance score may be a useful outcome measure in future clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for intermittent exotropia.
Naturally occurring circadian rhythm variation associated with clock gene loci in Swedish Arabidopsis accessions
Authors: Rees Hannah , Joynson Ryan , Brown James K. M. , Hall Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCircadian clocks have evolved to resonate with external day and night cycles. However, these entrainment signals are not consistent everywhere and vary with latitude, climate and seasonality. This leads to divergent selection for clocks which are locally adapted. To investigate the genetic basis for this circadian variation, we used a delayed fluorescence imaging assay to screen 191 naturally occurring Swedish Arabidopsis accessions for their circadian phenotypes. We demonstrate that the period length co‐varies with both geography and population sub‐structure. Several candidate loci linked to period, phase and relative amplitude error (RAE) were revealed by genome‐wide association mapping and candidate genes were investigated using TDNA mutants. We show that natural variation in a single non‐synonymous substitution within COR28 is associated with a long‐period and late‐flowering phenotype similar to that seen in TDNA knock‐out mutants. COR28 is a known coordinator of flowering time, freezing tolerance and the circadian clock; all of which may form selective pressure gradients across Sweden. We demonstrate the effect of the COR28‐58S SNP in increasing period length through a co‐segregation analysis. Finally, we show that period phenotypic tails remain diverged under lower temperatures and follow a distinctive “arrow‐shaped” trend indicative of selection for a cold‐biased temperature compensation response.
Neural and self‐reported reward responsiveness are associated with dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation in adolescents with evidence for convergent and incremental validity
Authors: Zubovics Evelin A. , Fiáth Richárd , Rádosi Alexandra , Pászthy Bea , Réthelyi János M. , Ulbert István , Bunford Nóra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdolescence is a developmental period characterized by heightened reward sensitivity which, in turn, confers risk for pertinent negative outcomes, underscoring the need to better understand biological bases and behavioral correlates of reward responsiveness during this developmental phase. Our goals in the current study were to examine, in a sample of 43 typically developing adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 1.01; 32.6% boys), (1) evidence of convergent validity between neural and self‐report reward responsiveness, (2) associations between neural reward responsiveness and self‐report dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation (ED) and (3) evidence of incremental validity of self‐report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting affectivity and ED. During electroencephalography (EEG), adolescents completed two experimental paradigms probing event‐related potential (ERP) indices of reward anticipation and initial responsiveness to reward attainment. Following EEG, they completed self‐report measures of reward responsiveness, affectivity, and ED. Findings indicated some evidence of convergent validity between enhanced ERP indices of reward anticipation and initial response to reward and greater reinforcement sensitivity; that ERP indices of both reward responsiveness aspects predicted lower negative affectivity and less ED; and evidence of incremental validity of self‐report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting outcomes. Results underscore the utility of a multi‐method framework in assessing adolescent reward responsiveness and support the relevance of reward responsiveness in explaining individual differences in dispositional affectivity and ED.
Phylogenetics, historical biogeography and molecular species delimitation of Gnaptorina Reitter (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptini)
Authors: Li Xiu‐Min , Bai Xing‐Long , Kergoat Gael J. , Pan Zhao , Ren Guo‐Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith 38 described species or subspecies, Gnaptorina Reitter is the second‐most species‐rich genus in the darkling beetle subtribe Gnaptorinina (Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae). In this study, we reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus based on one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes and used this phylogeny to explore the historical biography and diversification of Gnaptorina species. We implemented multiple molecular species delimitation approaches to reassess the status of Gnaptorina species and taxonomic subdivisions of the genus. Dating and historical biogeography analyses suggest an early Eocene origin of the genus, with the southeastern regions of the Tibetan Plateau most likely as areas of origin. Based on these results, we propose a new classification for Gnaptorina with three major clades identified. Consequently, the monotypic subgenus Boreoptorina is newly synonymized with the more species‐rich subgenus Hesperoptorina, and G. dongdashanensis Shi is transferred from Hesperoptorina to the subgenus Gnaptorina. In addition, G. minxiana Medvedev, formerly treated as a subspecies of G. potanini Reitter, is elevated to species. Results of molecular species delimitation analyses are largely congruent and confirm the status of most morphological species.
Evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of sugar transporters in Saccharum (S. spontaneum and S. officinarum)
Authors: Zhang Qing , Hua Xiuting , Liu Hong , Yuan Yuan , Shi Yan , Wang Zhengchao , Zhang Muqing , Ming Ray , Zhang Jisen 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYThe sugar transporter (ST) family is considered to be the most important gene family for sugar accumulation, but limited information about the ST family in the important sugar‐yielding crop Saccharum is available due to its complex genetic background. Here, 105 ST genes were identified and clustered into eight subfamilies in Saccharum spontaneum. Comparative genomics revealed that tandem duplication events contributed to ST gene expansions of two subfamilies, PLT and STP, in S. spontaneum, indicating an early evolutionary step towards high sugar content in Saccharum. The analyses of expression patterns were based on four large datasets with a total of 226 RNA sequencing samples from S. spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum. The results clearly demonstrated 50 ST genes had different spatiotemporal expression patterns in leaf tissues, 10 STs were specifically expressed in the stem, and 10 STs responded to the diurnal rhythm. Heterologous expression experiments in the defective yeast strain EBY.VW4000 indicated STP13, pGlcT2, VGT3, and TMT4 are the STs with most affinity for glucose/fructose and SUT1_T1 has the highest affinity to sucrose. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis suggested STP7 is a sugar starvation‐induced gene and STP13 has a function in retrieving sugar in senescent tissues. PLT11, PLT11_T1, TMT3, and TMT4 contributed to breaking the limitations of the storage sink. SUT1, SUT1_T1, PLT11, TMT4, pGlcT2, and VGT3 responded for different functions in these two Saccharum species. This study demonstrated the evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of the ST gene family and will enable the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism in Saccharum.
Historical biogeography of Heteropterinae skippers via Beringian and post‐Tethyan corridors
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. , Ellis Emily A. , Gott Riley J. , Warren Andrew D. , Dexter Kelly M. , Storer Caroline , Lohman David J. , Kawahara Akito Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSkippers are a species rich and widespread group of butterflies with evolutionary patterns and processes largely unstudied despite some recent efforts. Among Hesperiidae, the subfamily Heteropterinae is a moderately diverse clade comprising ca. 200 species distributed from North to South America and from Africa to the Palearctic region. While some regions are species rich, others are far less diverse. Using anchored phylogenomics, we infer a robust timetree and estimate ancestral ranges to understand the biogeographic history of these skippers. Inferences based on up to 383 exons recover a robust backbone for the subfamily along with the monophyly of all genera. Bayesian divergence time estimates suggest an origin of Heteropterinae in the late Eocene, ca. 40 million years ago. Maximum likelihood ancestral range estimates indicate an origin of the group in the New World. The eastern Palearctic was likely colonized via a Beringian route and a reverse colonization event resulted in two independent and extant American clades. We estimate a vicariant event between Central and South America that significantly predates estimates of the proto‐Caribbean seaway closure, indicating active overwater dispersal in the Oligocene. The colonization of Africa from the east Palearctic is synchronous with the closure of the Tethys Ocean, while the colonization of Madagascar appears to be comparatively recent. Our results shed light on the systematics and biogeography of Heteropterinae skippers and unveil the evolutionary history of a new leaf in the skipper tree‐of‐life.
Pelvic Response of a Total Human Body Finite Element Model During Simulated Injurious Under Body Blast Impacts
Authors: Weaver Caitlin M. , Guleyupoglu Berkan , Miller Anna N. , Kleinberger Michael , Stitzel Joel D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in the increased exposure of military personnel to explosive threats. Combat-related pelvic fractures are a relatively new battlefield injury that poses a serious threat to military personnel. Injury prediction for these events continues to be a challenge due to the limited availability of blast-specific test studies and the use of established automotive-based injury criteria that do not directly translate to combat-related exposures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pelvic response of the global human body models consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile detailed male model (v4.3) in under body blast (UBB) loading scenarios. Nine simulations were conducted with mild or enhanced threat levels, and nominal or obtuse occupant positions. Cross-sectional force outputs from the superior pubic ramus (SPR), ilium, and sacroiliac (SI) regions were evaluated using previously developed injury risk curves (IRC). Additionally, maximum principal strain (MPS) data were extracted from the pelvic cortical bone elements. Results showed that shear force was the best predictor of fracture for the ischial and SI regions, while axial force was the best predictor for the SPR region. These outcomes were consistent with the load path of the simulated UBB events. The obtuse posture had higher peak force values for injurious and noninjurious outcomes for the SPR and SI region. The nominal posture had higher peak force values for noninjurious outcomes in the ischial region. These outcomes were supported by the MPS response present in these postures.
Reduction in healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Zhang Yi-Na , Chen Yun , Wang Ying , Li Fan , Pender Michelle , Wang Na , Yan Fei , Ying Xiao-Hua , Tang Sheng-Lan , Fu Chao-Wei 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused a healthcare crisis in China and continues to wreak havoc across the world. This paper evaluated COVID-19’s impact on national and regional healthcare service utilisation and expenditure in China.MethodsUsing a big data approach, we collected data from 300 million bank card transactions to measure individual healthcare expenditure and utilisation in mainland China. Since the outbreak coincided with the 2020 Chinese Spring Festival holiday, a difference-in-difference (DID) method was employed to compare changes in healthcare utilisation before, during and after the Spring Festival in 2020 and 2019. We also tracked healthcare utilisation before, during and after the outbreak.ResultsHealthcare utilisation declined overall, especially during the post-festival period in 2020. Total healthcare expenditure and utilisation declined by 37.8% and 40.8%, respectively, while per capita expenditure increased by 3.3%. In a subgroup analysis, we found that the outbreak had a greater impact on healthcare utilisation in cities at higher risk of COVID-19, with stricter lockdown measures and those located in the western region. The DID results suggest that, compared with low-risk cities, the pandemic induced a 14.8%, 26.4% and 27.5% reduction in total healthcare expenditure in medium-risk and high-risk cities, and in cities located in Hubei province during the post-festival period in 2020 relative to 2019, an 8.6%, 15.9% and 24.4% reduction in utilisation services; and a 7.3% and 18.4% reduction in per capita expenditure in medium-risk and high-risk cities, respectively. By the last week of April 2020, as the outbreak came under control, healthcare utilisation gradually recovered, but only to 79.9%–89.3% of its pre-outbreak levels.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic had a significantly negative effect on healthcare utilisation in China, evident by a dramatic decline in healthcare expenditure. While the utilisation level has gradually increased post-outbreak, it has yet to return to normal levels.