bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Rashba spin-orbit system using a silicon metal-oxide semiconductor
Authors: Lee Sooboem , Koike Hayato , Goto Minori , Miwa Shinji , Suzuki Yoshishige , Yamashita Naoto , Ohshima Ryo , Shigematsu Ei , Ando Yuichiro , Shiraishi Masashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The spin-orbit interaction (SOI), as a manifestation of a relativistic effect in solids, has been attracting great attention in condensed matter physics because of its abundant nature for manipulating and/or converting a spin degree of freedom. Compound materials with bulk inversion symmetry breaking (GaAs, BiTeI, NbSe2…), heterostructures consisting of the aforementioned materials (InGaAs/InAlAs, Bi/Ag…) and single heavy elements (Pt, W, Ta, Bi…) are pivotal material systems for generating strong Dresselhaus- and Rashba-type SOI and for shedding light on a wide variety of modern physics such as two-dimensional materials science, superconductivity, magnetoelectrics, spintronics etc. Consequently, however, light elements and materials with bulk inversion symmetry have been outside the scope of the quest for SOI in solids. In this work, we show that a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) is a new material stage possessing Rashba-type SOI, although Si is a light element and has lattice inversion symmetry resulting in inherently negligible SOI in bulk form. A strong gate electric field is applied to the Si MOS, and unexpectedly, we observe spin precession of propagating spins in the Si through the formation of an emergent effective magnetic field due to the SOI in the Si MOS. Furthermore, the Rashba parameter α in the system increases linearly up to 9.8×10−16 eV∙m for a gate electric field of 0.5 V/nm, i.e., it is gate tuneable, and the spin splitting Δ0 (= 0.6 μeV) is equivalent to that in strained GaAs. This finding is a successful establishment of a synthetic Rashba system using a ubiquitous light element with bulk inversion symmetry and pioneers a new family of SOI systems.
The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test maintains its diagnostic and prognostic performance in alcohol-related liver disease: A cohort study.
Authors: Connoley Declan , Patel Preya , Hogan Brian , Tanwar Sudeep , Rhodes Freya , Parkes Julie , Burt Alastair , Watkins Jennifer , Sievert William , Rosenberg William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Alcohol is the main cause of chronic liver disease. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test is a serological biomarker for fibrosis staging in chronic liver disease, however its utility in alcohol-related liver disease warrants further validation. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic performance of ELF in alcohol-related liver disease.
Methods

Observational cohort study assessing paired ELF and histology from 786 tertiary care patients with alcohol-related liver disease due to alcohol (n = 81) and non-alcohol aetiologies (n = 705). Prognostic data were available for 64 alcohol patients for a median of 6.4 years. Multiple ELF cut-offs were assessed to determine diagnostic utility in moderate fibrosis and cirrhosis. Survival data were assessed to determine the ability of ELF to predict liver related events and all-cause mortality.
Results

ELF identified cirrhosis and moderate fibrosis in alcohol-related liver disease independently of aminotransferase levels with areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.895 (95% CI:0.823–0.968) and 0.923 (95% CI:0.866–0.981) respectively, which were non-inferior to non-alcohol aetiologies. The overall performance of ELF was assessed using the Obuchowski method: in alcohol = 0.934 (95% CI:0.908–0.960); non-alcohol = 0.907 (95% CI:0.895–0.919). Using ELF < 9.8 to exclude and ≧ 10.5 to diagnose cirrhosis, 87.7% of alcohol cases could have avoided biopsy, with sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 85%. A one-unit increase in ELF was associated with a 2.6 (95% CI:1.55–4.31, p < 0.001) fold greater odds of cirrhosis at baseline and 2.0-fold greater risk of a liver related event within 6 years (95% CI:1.39–2.99, p < 0.001).
Conclusions

ELF accurately stages liver fibrosis independently of transaminase elevations as a marker of inflammation and has superior prognostic performance to biopsy in alcohol-related liver disease.
Feasibility Study on Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Total Pulmonary Vein Isolation in A Canine Model
Authors: Chang Ji Hyun , Cha Myung-Jin , Seo Jeong-Wook , Kim Hak Jae , Park So-Yeon , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Lee Euijae , Kim Moo-kang , Yoon Hye-sun , Oh Seil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We tested the feasibility of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrial (LA) posterior wall isolation using non-invasive stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) and investigated pathological changes in irradiated lesions in a canine model. Seven male Mongrel dogs received single-fraction 33-Gy SABR. We designed the en-bloc circular target of total PVs and LA posterior wall to avoid the esophagus. The circular box lesion included the LA roof and ridge, low posterior wall, and posterior interatrial septum. At 6 weeks or 4 months post-SABR, electrical isolation of the SABR lesion was confirmed using LA posterior wall pacing, and histopathological review was performed. Electrical isolation of all PVs and the LA posterior wall was achieved in three of five dogs in the 4-month group. There was one target failure and one sudden death at 15 weeks. Although two dogs in the 6-week group failed to achieve electrical lesion isolation, the irradiated atrial myocardium showed diffuse hemorrhage with inflammatory cell infiltration. In successfully isolated 4-month model dogs, we observed transmural necrotic scarring with extensive fibrosis on irradiated atrial tissue. The findings suggest that this novel circular box-design radiotherapy technique using SABR could be applied to humans after further studies are conducted to confirm safety.
Genotypic Differences among Isolates of L. Braziliensis and Host Factors in The Pathogenesis of Disseminated Leishmaniasis
Authors: Oliveira Walker , Dórea Andreza , Carneiro Pedro , Nascimento Maurício , Carvalho Lucas , Machado Paulo , Schriefer Albert , Bacellar Olívia , Carvalho Edgar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disseminated Leishmaniasis (DL) is an emerging and severe form of Leishmania braziliensis infection defined by the presence of 10 and up to more than 1,000 skin lesions. The mechanisms underlying parasite dissemination remain unknown. Genotypic differences among species of L. braziliensis have been associated with different clinical forms of disease. The present work compared the function of monocytes obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and DL patients in response to infection with isolates of L. braziliensis pertaining to both of these two clinical forms of disease. Mononuclear cells obtained from DL and CL patients were infected with different L. braziliensis isolates. Numbers of infected cells, parasite load, respiratory burst, TLR2 and TLR4 expression and cytokine production were evaluated. DL isolates infected more monocytes, induced greater respiratory burst, higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and more cytokine production compared to isolates from CL patients regardless of the origin of monocytes used (DL or CL). However, greater parasite multiplication and higher TLR expression were seen in monocytes from DL patients compared to CL following infection with DL isolates. Our results indicate the participation of both parasite genotype and host factors in the pathogenesis of DL.
In-Situ Control of Defect Dynamics By Ellipsometry During Ion Implantation – Evolution of Disorder and Cavity Structure in Single-Crystalline Ge During Implantation of Sb Ions
Authors: Lohner Tivadar , Németh Attila , Zolnai Zsolt , Kalas Benjamin , Romanenko Alekszej , Khánh Nguyen , Szilágyi Edit , Kótai Endre , Agócs Emil , Tóth Zsolt , Budai Judit , Petrik Peter , Fried Miklos , Bársony Isvtán , Gyulai József 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ion implantation has been a key technology in microelectronics and generally, for the controlled surface modification of materials for tribology, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and many more. In this work in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used for accurately tracking and on-line evaluating the accumulation of voids and damage in crystalline Ge during implantation of 200-keV Sb+ ions at a total fluence of 1016 cm− 2 using an ion flux of 2.1 × 1012 cm− 2s− 1. The phases of damage accumulation were identified using unique optical multi-layer models describing the layer structure and composition. The formation of initial partial disorder was followed by complete amorphization and void formation occurring at the fluence of 1 × 1015 cm− 2, reaching a high volume fraction of voids and a layer thickness of ≈ 200 nm by the end of the process. This agrees with numerical simulations and results of complementary measurements including ion beam analysis and electron microscopy. The developed in-situ method for controlling the dynamics of structural damage accumulation is a versatile ion-implantation tool for avoiding adverse void formation and for controlled evolution of subsurface nanocavities or cellular surface texture alike.
Numerical Approach Towards Gyrotactic Microorganisms Hybrid Nanoliquid Flow with the Hall current and Magnetic Field Over A Spinning Disk
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad , Shuaib Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article explores the upshot of Hall current, thermal radiation and magnetic field on hybrid nanoliquid flow over the surface of a spinning disk. The motive of the present effort to upgrade the heat transmission rate for engineering and industrial purposes. The hybrid nanoliquids as comparative to the conventional fluids have higher thermal properties. A special class of nanoparticles known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and iron ferrite Fe3O4 are added to the base fluid. The system of modeled equations is depleted into dimensionless differential equations through similarity transformation. The transform equations are further solved through Parametric Continuation method (PCM). For parametric study the embedding flow factors on velocity, energy, mass transmission and motile microorganism’s concentration profiles have been sketched. The obtained results are compared with the existing literature, which shows best settlement. It concluded that the heat transmission rate reduces for Hall current and rises with radiative factor. The results perceived that the addition on CNTs in carrier fluid is more efficacious than any other types of nanoparticles, due to its C-C bond. CNTs nanoliquid can be more functionalized for the desired achievement, which can be utilize for a variety of applications by functionalization of non-covalent and covalent modification.
Dynamic Changes of Ascorbic Acid Occurring During Fruit Development and Ripening of Actinida Latifolia and Their Associated Molecular Mechanisms Deciphered by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Xia Hui , Deng Honghong , Hu Rongping , Lin Lijin , Wang Jin , Deng Qunxian , Xu Kunfu , Wang Zhihui , Lv Xiulan , Liang Dong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Actinidia latifolia is an exceptional source with extremely high ascorbic acid (AsA) content. However, its transcriptome atlas is lacking and how AsA accumulates during fruit development and ripening of this special kiwifruit and its associated molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood.Results: Herein, the dynamic changes of AsA content of six stages of A. latifolia fruit development and ripening determined by HPLC demonstrated a rapid increasing profile during the initial expansion stage with a peak around 60 days after flowering (1194.21±69.25 mg 100g-1 FW), followed by a progressive, albeit not significant decrease tendency and reached the minimum levels (1028.76±31.19 mg 100g-1 FW) at maturity. A high-quality full-length (FL) transcriptome of A. latifolia was successfully constructed by third-generation sequencing for the first time, comprising 326,926 FL non-chimeric reads, 15,505 coding sequences, 2882 transcription factors, 18,797 simple sequence repeats, 3328 long noncoding RNAs, and 231 alternative splicing events. Illumina RNA-seq in combination with weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed a network module highly correlated (r=0.5, p=0.03) with AsA content. Gene co-expression in this network module was explained by its roles in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ko04141), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010), and carbon metabolism (ko01200). Moreover, the expression patterns of genes involved in AsA biosynthesis and metabolism validated by qRT-PCR exhibited a similar trend with AsA accumulation.Conclusions: Overall, the dynamic changes of AsA content and associated key genes and enriched metabolic pathways were deciphered, which paves the way for genetic improvement that aims for development of kiwifruit with super-high AsA content.
Investigation of Characteristics as Endodontic Sealer of Novel Experimental Elastin-Like Polypeptide-Based Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Jang Ji-Hyun , Kim Sun-Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been adopted as an endodontic sealer because of excellent sealing effect and bioactive property and been modified with improvement of its characteristics, the developed MTA sealers have not yet satisfied all the ideal requirements of endodontic sealers. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-incorporated MTA for use as an endodontic sealer and compare them with those of commercial MTA sealers. Two commercial MTA sealers and three experimental ELP-incorporated MTA sealers with 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 liquid/powder (L/P) ratio for 10 wt% ELP liquid were evaluated. The push-out bond strength, flow rate, sealer penetrability and wash-out resistance were tested and the sealer-dentin interface was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our study revealed the ELP-incorporated MTA exhibited the higher push-out bond strength, flow rate, sealer penetration and remarkable wash-out resistance than commercial MTA sealers, especially in 0.4 L/P ratio. The groups of ELP-based experimental sealers also exhibited more intimate contact with dentin compared to the commercial MTA sealers. Our research will suggest the possible adoption of the ELP-incorporated MTA as endodontic sealer for clinical use.
TimeNexus: A Novel Cytoscape App to Analyze Time-Series Data Using Temporal MultiLayer Networks (tMLNs)
Authors: Pierrelée Michaël , Reynders Ana , Lopez Fabrice , Moqrich Aziz , Tichit Laurent , Habermann Bianca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Integrating -omics data with biological networks such as protein-protein interaction networks is a popular and useful approach to interpret expression changes of genes in changing conditions, and to identify relevant cellular pathways, active subnetworks or network communities. Yet, most -omics data integration tools are restricted to static networks and therefore cannot easily be used for analyzing time-series data.
Determining regulations or exploring the network structure over time requires time-dependent networks which incorporate time as one component in their structure. Here, we present a method to project time-series data on sequential layers of a multilayer network, thus creating a temporal multilayer network (tMLN). We implemented this method as a Cytoscape app we named TimeNexus. TimeNexus allows to easily create, manage and visualize temporal multilayer networks starting from a combination of node and edge tables carrying the information on the temporal network structure. To allow further analysis of the tMLN, TimeNexus creates and passes on regular Cytoscape networks in form of static versions of the tMLN in three different ways: i) over the entire set of layers, ii) over two consecutive layers at a time, iii) or on one single layer at a time. We combined TimeNexus with the Cytoscape apps PathLinker and AnatApp/ANAT to extract active subnetworks from tMLNs. To test the usability of our app, we applied TimeNexus together with PathLinker or ANAT on temporal expression data of the yeast cell cycle and were able to identify active subnetworks relevant for different cell cycle phases. We furthermore used TimeNexus on our own temporal expression data from a mouse pain assay inducing hindpaw inflammation and detected active subnetworks relevant for an inflammatory response to injury, including immune response, cell stress response and regulation of apoptosis. TimeNexus is freely available from the Cytoscape app store at https://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/TimeNexus.
Hemodynamic Parameters Predict the In-Stent Thrombosis After the Multibranched Endovascular Repair for Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Preliminary Study on Branched Stent-Graft Thrombosis.
Authors: Liu Ming-Yuan , Mu Yunqing , Jiao Yang , Liu Junjun , Zhang Simeng , Deng Xiaoyan , Li Wei , Sun Anqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Branched vessel occlusion is frequently reported in the endovascular repair for aortic pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic indicators associated with the in-stent thrombosis (IST) of the branched stent-graft (BSG) after the endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm.Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed based on the computed tomography (CT) scan and clinical data of three patients who underwent multibranched endovascular repair. The reconstruction of patient-specific 3-dimension models and hemodynamic analysis for IST were performed. The hemodynamic related parameters including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear stress index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) were compared between the individual data.Results: The velocity, TAWSS, OSI and RRT were radically changed in the area of IST. The IST of the BSG were located at the hemodynamic alteration regions near the bending curve where the decreased flow velocity (<0.6 m/s), TAWSS (<0.8 Pa) and elevated OSI (>0.3), and RRT (>5 s) were constantly observed. Conclusions: The hemodynamic perturbations in the BSG predispose the IST, which could be predicted by a series changes of the flow parameters. Early hemodynamic analysis might be useful for identifying and remediating the IST after the multibranched endovascular repair.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered and approved by the institutional ethical review board.
Structure and Process of Palliative Care Provision: A Nationwide Study of Public Hospitals in Thailand
Authors: Dokmai Parichat , Meemon Natthani , Paek Seung Chun , Tayjasanant Supakarn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The demand for palliative care in hospitals has rapidly increased in Thailand in recent years. Subsequently, the way in which palliative care systems should be arranged to facilitate the care process and patient preparation for their end stage of life (i.e., good death) is still an ongoing debate among policy makers and researchers. Although palliative care is provided in most facilities, there is no clear protocol for palliative care due to a lack of empirical evidence. Thus, this study attempts to analyse the situation and quality of palliative care provision in Thai public hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. A questionnaire with measures reflecting hospital characteristics, structure of palliative care provision, and processes related to achieving a good death was developed. The questionnaire was sent to all 862 public hospitals across 76 provinces, and the response rate was 62.88%. A structural equation model was specified to operationalize Donabedian’s framework. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide study to investigate facility-level palliative care provision in Thailand.Results: The study results confirmed the relationships between the structure and process of palliative care provision in hospitals. The sufficiency and competency of doctors and nurses and the variety of relaxation equipment were either directly or indirectly associated with all process components associated with response to the patient’s needs, effective communication, and respect to the patient’s dignity. In addition, the conduction of palliative care research in hospitals was associated with the response to the patient’s needs and effective communication, while the allocation of physical area was associated with effective communication.Conclusion: This model can be used to evaluate the overall situation of palliative care provision at the national level. It could also contribute to the development of standard measurements for evidence-based palliative care quality improvement in hospitals.
Management of Osteoporosis in The Community: How Well Can Family Physicians Do? A Retrospective Case Series in a Local Public Clinic in Hong Kong.
Authors: Chan Pui Kwan , Shun Vincent Li Wing , Li Yim Chu , Rui Catherine Chen Xiao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWith the ageing population, osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a global health concern. Previous research showed that management of osteoporosis in Hong Kong had been suboptimal. In view of the need to provide quality care to osteoporotic patients, a Multidisciplinary Osteoporosis Clinic (MOC) organized by primary care physicians was set up in a public primary care clinic. This study aimed to explore the clinical effectiveness of MOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series study. All osteoporotic patients who had attended MOC during the period 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 were included. Changes in Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-score of recruited patients after two years of management at MOC were analysed. Subgroup analyses of the 2-year interval DEXA T-score changes among patient with or without history of fragility fracture, and among patients with or without pharmacological treatment , were performed. Serial interval DEXA T-score changes of recruited patients who had completed 5 years of bisphosphonate treatment were also analysed. Paired Student’s t test was used to analyze the interval DEXA T-score changes.ResultsTotally 186 osteoporotic patients were recruited. After two years of management at MOC, the T-score at lumbar spine and femoral neck were improved, from -2.71±0.76 to -2.35±0.83 and -2.40±0.75 to -2.10±0.76 respectively, P<0.001. For subgroup analysis on patients with or without history of fragility fracture and patients with or without bisphosphonate treatment, improvement in T-scores of both lumbar and femoral neck were all significant at two years, P<0.05. Among those who had completed 5 years of bisphosphonate treatment, progressive improvement in T-scores of both lumbar and femoral neck were observed, with P <0.001.ConclusionMOC run by family physicians in public primary care setting could effectively treat osteoporotic patients with significant improvement in DEXA T-scores.
Differentially Private Density Estimation with Skew-Normal Mixtures Model
Authors: Wu Weisan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The protection of private data is a hot research issue in the era of big data. Differential privacy is a strong privacy guarantees in data analysis. In this paper, we propose DP-MSNM, a parametric density estimation algorithm using Multivariate Skew-Normal Mixtures (MSNM) model to differential privacy. MSNM can solve the asymmetric problem of datasets, and it is could approximate any distribution through Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. In this model,we add two extra steps on the estimated parameters in the M step of each iteration. The first step is adding calibrated noise to the estimated parameters based on Laplacian mechanism. The second step is post-processes those noisy parameters to ensure their intrinsic characteristics based on the theory of vector normalize and positive semi definition matrix. Extensive experiments using both real datasets evaluate the performance of DP-MSNM, and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms DP-GMM.