bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust time‐varying formation design for multiagent systems with disturbances: Extended‐state‐observer method
Authors: Wang Le , Xi Jianxiang , He Ming , Liu Guangbin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryRobust time‐varying formation design problems for second‐order multiagent systems subjected to external disturbances are investigated. First, by constructing an extended state observer, the disturbance compensation is estimated, which is a critical term in the proposed robust time‐varying formation control protocol. Then, an explicit expression of the formation center function is determined and impacts of disturbance compensations on the formation center function are presented. With the formation feasibility conditions, robust time‐varying formation design criteria are derived to determine the gain matrix of the formation control protocol by utilizing the algebraic Riccati equation technique. Furthermore, the tracking performance and the robustness property of multiagent systems are analyzed. Finally, the numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Graphene Aerogel Modified Carbon Paper as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Angelopoulou Pinelopi , Vrettos Katerina , Georgakilas Vasilios , Avgouropoulos George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbon paper‐supported graphene aerogels are examined as anode electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries, employing a hydrothermal process and a freeze‐drying step. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) prove to promote graphene aerogel formation and its chemical bonding onto the surface of carbon paper. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the electrode treated with the former diamine has a remarkable rate capability with higher capacities as compared with the electrode treated with the latter diamine and better stability.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Doped Activated Carbon Catalyst Prepared from Shrimp Shell and its Application in MFC Air Cathode
Authors: Liu Ting , Jean Pierre Muhoza , Li Huiyu , Wu Wenyu , Tu Maobing , Wang Qunhui , Ma Hongzhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCathode design and cost is one of the major challenges for microbial fuel cell (MFC) large scale operation due to the adoption of precious Pt/C catalyst. In this work, shrimp shells were chosen to prepare a cheap and sustainable ORR catalyst and applied it in MFC air cathode. Single step pyrolysis and activation at 700 °C with H3PO4 was used to introduce phosphorus atom in the carbon. Three types of catalysts, named shrimp shells activated carbon (SS‐AC), commercial activated carbon (C‐AC) and Pt/C were compared for their performance in MFC system. The results showed that SS‐AC had high porous surface that contained nitrogenous and phosphorous functionalities at a significant percentage with high surface area of about 448.96 m2 g−2. The maximum power density achieved by the MFC that used SS‐AC catalyst was 1207±15 mW m−2 at 3.14 A m−2, 12 % less than Pt/C and 44 % higher than those of the C‐AC. The coulombic efficiency of 67 % was also achieved with this MFC slightly lower than those by Pt/C and higher than those by C‐AC. The good performance of this material was mainly due to the double doped heteroatoms which increases the oxygen reduction sites on the surface of the carbon.
Data‐driven benchmarking in software development effort estimation: The few define the bulk
Authors: Mittas Nikolaos , Angelis Lefteris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextThe rapid evolvement of software development effort estimation models created the need for empirical evaluation of their quality. The empirical evaluation is based either on hypothesis tests with respect to a single criterion or on aggregating methods for multiple criteria. However, a model can be considered as a multidimensional entity performing differently on alternative datasets and its performance can be divergent when expressed by alternative criteria.ObjectiveIn this study, we explore this multidimensional nature of models by considering them as points in two different spaces (domain and criteria spaces).MethodIntroducing an alternative approach for data‐driven benchmarking, a new framework based on archetypal analysis is proposed for evaluation purposes of multiple models.ResultsThe benefits of the framework are illustrated through a large‐scale experimental setup on a set of 93 effort estimation models, trained and tested on 10 datasets under 8 criteria providing answers to critical research questions.ConclusionThe results indicate that a small minority of reference models is enough to define the performance of the bulk of all models. The framework focuses on models that have behavior close to archetypes and especially those that are close to a “best” archetype.
Empirical formulation for estimating the fundamental frequency of historical stone mosques with masonry domes
Authors: Çalik İsmet , Bayraktar Alemdar , Türker Temel , Akköse Mehmet 
Published: March 2020

SummaryHistorical stone mosques with masonry dome are complex structures due to their different structural elements, material properties, boundary conditions, connections, etc. It is very difficult to develop the numerical models representing the real behaviour of these structures. Therefore, their numerical models should be checked with ambient vibration tests for the reliable safety evaluations before the restoration applications. However, it is known that the ambient vibration tests of historical mosques are very difficult and costly and need permissions from the owners and relevant government agencies. The paper aims to develop an empirical formulation for estimating the fundamental frequency of historical stone mosques with masonry dome to check the initial finite element models. Nine stone mosques with masonry dome in different dimensions in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were selected as examples for this purpose. By performing ambient vibration tests of the selected mosques, experimental natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios have been determined and evaluated together. An empirical formulation for the fundamental frequency and coefficients for the second and third frequencies of stone mosques with masonry dome based on vibration data are obtained by using the statistical regression analysis and verified with the control data. The comparative results confirm that the proposed formulation has a reliable predictive performance.
Regulation of cancer‐immunity cycle and tumor microenvironment by nanobiomaterials to enhance tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Jingxing , Zhang Chunfu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, we have witnessed the revolution in cancer therapy, especially in the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy. In particular, the introduction of nanomedicine has achieved great improvement in breaking the limitations of and immunological tolerance caused by clinic‐approved immunotherapies (cancer vaccine, CAR‐T, and immune checkpoint blockade) to enhance immunogenicity, antigen presentation and T lymphocyte infiltration for eradicating the primary tumors and distant metastases simultaneously. However, some fundamental but significant issues still need to be thoroughly clarified before the combination of nanomedicine and immunotherapy moves toward clinical translation such as biological safety and synergistic mechanisms of nanomaterials in the systematic immune responses. Therefore, in this review, the role of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy is summarized, mainly focusing on the effective activation and long‐term stimulation of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses and regulation of or remodeling the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Also, we elaborate on the targets and challenges of nanomaterials in the cancer‐immunity cycle, summarize several main strategies to convert the cold tumor immune microenvironment to the hot one, and illustrate the progress in regulation of tumor immune microenvironment by targeting specific immunosuppressive cells. Finally, we prospect the nano‐combined immunotherapy strategies in tumor‐targeting, normalization of tumor immune environment and modification of macrophages.This article is characterized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging TechnologiesDiagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and ImagingNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in BiologyTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
One-loop open-string integrals from differential equations: all-order α′-expansions at n points
Authors: Mafra Carlos R. , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study generating functions of moduli-space integrals at genus one that are expected to form a basis for massless n-point one-loop amplitudes of open superstrings and open bosonic strings. These integrals are shown to satisfy the same type of linear and homogeneous first-order differential equation w.r.t. the modular parameter τ which is known from the A-elliptic Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard associator. The expressions for their τ-derivatives take a universal form for the integration cycles in planar and non-planar one-loop open-string amplitudes. These differential equations manifest the uniformly transcendental appearance of iterated integrals over holomorphic Eisenstein series in the low-energy expansion w.r.t. the inverse string tension α′. In fact, we are led to conjectural matrix representations of certain derivations dual to Eisenstein series. Like this, also the α′-expansion of non-planar integrals is manifestly expressible in terms of iterated Eisenstein integrals without referring to twisted elliptic multiple zeta values. The degeneration of the moduli-space integrals at τ → i∞ is expressed in terms of their genus-zero analogues — (n+2)-point Parke-Taylor integrals over disk boundaries. Our results yield a compact formula for α′-expansions of n-point integrals over boundaries of cylinder- or Möbius-strip worldsheets, where any desired order is accessible from elementary operations.
All-multiplicity one-loop amplitudes in Born-Infeld electrodynamics from generalized unitarity
Authors: Elvang Henriette , Hadjiantonis Marios , Jones Callum R. T. , Paranjape Shruti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We initiate a study of non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld electrodynamics in 4d at the quantum level. Explicit all-multiplicity expressions are calculated for the purely rational one-loop amplitudes in the self-dual (+ + … +) and next-to-self-dual (− + … +) helicity sectors. Using a supersymmetric decomposition, d-dimensional unitarity cuts of the integrand factorize into tree-amplitudes in a 4d model of Born-Infeld photons coupled to a massive complex scalar. The two-scalar tree-amplitudes needed to construct the Born-Infeld integrand are computed using two complimentary approaches: (1) as a double-copy of Yang-Mills coupled to a massive adjoint scalar with a dimensionally reduced form of Chiral Perturbation Theory, and (2) by imposing consistency with low-energy theorems under a reduction from 4d to 3d and T-duality. The Born-Infeld integrand is integrated in d = 4 − 2ϵ dimensions at order $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\in}^0\right) $$
O

∈
0

using the dimension-shifting formalism. We comment on the implications for electromagnetic duality in quantum Born-Infeld theory.
On scale separation in type II AdS flux vacua
Authors: Font Anamaría , Herráez Alvaro , Ibáñez Luis E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study the separation of AdS and Kaluza-Klein (KK) scales in type II 4d AdS orientifold vacua. We first address this problem in toroidal/orbifold type IIA vacua with metric fluxes, corresponding to compactifications in twisted tori, both from the 4d and 10d points of view. We show how the naive application of the effective 4d theory leads to results which violate the AdS distance conjecture, in a class of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric models which have a 10d lifting to a compactification onS3× S3. We show how using KK scales properly modified by the compact metric leads to no separationof scales with$$ {M}_{\mathrm{KK}}^2=\mathfrak{c}\left|\Lambda \right|, $$MKK2=cΛ,with c a numerical constant independent of fluxes. This applies with no need to keep non-leading fluxes fixed. We also consider a class of IIB models with non-geometric fluxes in which the effective field theory analysis seems to lead to a naive separation of scales and a violation of the AdS distance conjecture. It has a T-dual which again may be understood as a 10d type IIA theory compactified onS3× S3. In this geometric dual one again observes that the strong AdS distance conjecture is obeyed with$$ {M}_{\mathrm{KK}}^2=\mathfrak{c}^{\prime}\left|\Lambda \right|, $$MKK2=c′Λ,if one takes into account the curvature in the internal space. These findings seem to suggest that all toroidal/orbifold models with fluxes in this class obey$$ {M}_{\mathrm{KK}}^2=\mathfrak{c}\left|\Lambda \right| $$MKK2=cΛwith$$ \mathfrak{c} $$ca flux-independent numerical constant.
A minimally invasive, 3D-fluoroscopy-navigation-guided, 3D-controlled pedicle approach in spine surgery: first reliable results and impact on patient safety
Authors: El Saman André , Meier Simon Lars , Marzi Ingo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Safe pedicle screw placement is a daily challenge to every spine surgeon. Introduction of minimally invasive approaches in spinal surgery led to an impaired facility of inspection of the surgical field increasing the importance of intraoperative imaging and navigation. During the past years, we established a minimally invasive, navigated approach in our clinical setting.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the accuracy of pedicle approaches in patients treated due to traumatic or osteoporotic fractures, spondylitis/discitis, and tumoral lesions. Guide wires for pedicle screws or kyphoplasty cannulas were inserted in a 3D-navigation-guided, minimally invasive technique. Positioning of the guide wires was verified via 3D-scan, and pedicle screws/kyphoplasty cannulas were then visualized via a.p./lateral radiographs. Accuracy data were compared to a standard navigated open approach control group with indications similar to the MIS-group.

Results
23 MIS patients were included in this study (25–84 years, mean 70 years) with a total of 154 placed guide wires. Handling of the navigated Jamshidi needle was easy and secure. The guide wires showed correct placement in 151/154 cases. Three wires (1.9%) needed correction of placement after control scan. There were no vascular or neurologic complications due to wire misplacement. In the open-surgery control group, 7/181 screws (3.9%) needed intraoperative correction presenting no significant difference compared to the correction rate of the MIS-group (p = 0.35).

Conclusion
Our study shows the feasibility and reliability of a navigation-guided, minimally invasive pedicle approach in the clinical setting. Therefore, reduced morbidity due to minimized approaches can be combined with higher accuracy of navigated pedicle screw/kyphoplasty cannula placement improving patient safety.
First-order sensitivity of the optimal value in a Markov decision model with respect to deviations in the transition probability function
Authors: Kern Patrick , Simroth Axel , Zähle Henryk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMarkov decision models (MDM) used in practical applications are most often less complex than the underlying ‘true’ MDM. The reduction of model complexity is performed for several reasons. However, it is obviously of interest to know what kind of model reduction is reasonable (in regard to the optimal value) and what kind is not. In this article we propose a way how to address this question. We introduce a sort of derivative of the optimal value as a function of the transition probabilities, which can be used to measure the (first-order) sensitivity of the optimal value w.r.t. changes in the transition probabilities. ‘Differentiability’ is obtained for a fairly broad class of MDMs, and the ‘derivative’ is specified explicitly. Our theoretical findings are illustrated by means of optimization problems in inventory control and mathematical finance.
Effects of 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A receptor challenges and modafinil on the initiation and persistence of gambling behaviours
Authors: Humby Trevor , Smith Georgia E. , Small Rebecca , Davies William , Carter Jenny , Bentley Chloe A. , Winstanley Catharine A. , Rogers Robert D. , Wilkinson Lawrence S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Problematic patterns of gambling are characterised by loss of control and persistent gambling often to recover losses. However, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate initial choices to begin gambling and then continue to gamble in the face of losing outcomes.

Objectives
These experiments first assessed gambling and loss-chasing performance under different win/lose probabilities in C57Bl/6 mice, and then investigated the effects of antagonism of 5-HT2CR with SB242084, 5-HT1AR agonism with 8-OH-DPAT and modafinil, a putative cognitive enhancer.

Results
As seen in humans and other species, mice demonstrated the expected patterns of behaviour as the odds for winning were altered increasing gambling and loss-chasing when winning was more likely. SB242084 decreased the likelihood to initially gamble, but had no effects on subsequent gambling choices in the face of repeated losses. In contrast, 8-OH-DPAT had no effects on choosing to gamble in the first place, but once started 8-OH-DPAT increased gambling choices in a dose-sensitive manner. Modafinil effects were different to the serotonergic drugs in both decreasing the propensity to initiate gambling and chase losses.

Conclusions
We present evidence for dissociable effects of systemic drug administration on different aspects of gambling behaviour. These data extend and reinforce the importance of serotonergic mechanisms in mediating discrete components of gambling behaviour. They further demonstrate the ability of modafinil to reduce gambling behaviour. Our work using a novel mouse paradigm may be of utility in modelling the complex psychological and neurobiological underpinnings of gambling problems, including the analysis of genetic and environmental factors.
AC electrokinetic immobilization of organic dye molecules
Authors: Laux Eva-Maria , Wenger Christian , Bier Frank F. , Hölzel Ralph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe application of inhomogeneous AC electric fields for molecular immobilization is a very fast and simple method that does not require any adaptions to the molecule’s functional groups or charges. Here, the method is applied to a completely new category of molecules: small organic fluorescence dyes, whose dimensions amount to only 1 nm or even less. The presented setup and the electric field parameters used allow immobilization of dye molecules on the whole electrode surface as opposed to pure dielectrophoretic applications, where molecules are attracted only to regions of high electric field gradients, i.e., to the electrode tips and edges. In addition to dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetic flow, molecular scale interactions and electrophoresis at short time scales are discussed as further mechanisms leading to migration and immobilization of the molecules.
Do female rainbow kribs choose males on the basis of their apparent aggression and boldness? A non-correlational mate choice study
Authors: Scherer Ulrike , Godin Jean-Guy J. , Schuett Wiebke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsistent between-individual differences in behaviour, known as personality differences, are heritable and have consequences for individual survival and reproductive success. Therefore, it is likely that personality differences are not just under natural but also under sexual selection. Indeed, the recently developed idea that individuals choose their mate based on its personality finds empirical support. However, most studies on mate choice based on personality traits are correlative pioneering work and there is a paucity of experimental studies that test for causality by disentangling personality measures from other, potentially correlated traits that may be important during mate choice. Here, we tested female preference for the apparent level and consistency of either male aggression (measured as mean distance of approach towards an animated opponent, manipulated by locating males at a fixed distance) or male boldness (measured as activity under a simulated predation threat, manipulated using a gradient in ambient water temperature) in a bi-parental West African cichlid,Pelvicachromis pulcher. Females could observe the apparent behaviour of paired stimulus males and were allowed to choose between the two stimulus males in a subsequent choice test. We found no direct effect of male apparent aggression/boldness on female choice, but an indirect effect such that female preference for the apparently bold male increased with increasing within-male pair contrast in their apparent level of boldness. Our results indicate females consider male boldness per se during mate choice, suggesting male boldness is sexually selected in our study species.Significance statementEver since Darwin introduced the concept of sexual selection, female choice has been studied extensively. However, the hypothesis that consistent between-individual differences in behaviour (known as personality differences) affect mate choice is relatively new. Correlative studies support this idea but provide only suggestive evidence. Here, we used behavioural manipulations in order to disentangle male behaviour from other, potentially correlated male traits, allowing us to test for causality between female choice and personality differences in male aggression and boldness (both in level and consistency of behaviour) in a bi-parental cichlid. We found no overall female preference for male apparent behaviour, but female preference for the bold-appearing male increased with increasing between-male contrast in apparent boldness. Our results indicate a causal link between female choice and male boldness. In future, behavioural manipulations using a temperature gradient could provide further valuable insights.