bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of asphalt emissions on the health of workers, Najaf City - Iraq A case study
Authors: Aldeen SJ. , Alduhaidahawi Faris J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Human activities have the greatest impact on environmental change and natural biological disruption, and there are many forms of this change, whether in the environmental climate, such as the rapid loss of biodiversity and lack of land suitability for agriculture, or the rise in temperature as a result of human changes or environmental health impacts. This research included detecting the effect of asphalt plant pollution on physiological blood parameters for workers in these plants by estimating certain blood markers in samples from 30 workers of different ages, and exposure periods included blood WBC, HGB, HCT, PLT and CO2. The findings showed that the WBC values showed that 93% of employees were above the usual limit, while 84.4% of employees had higher concentrations than control group values, 99% of workers had concentrations above usual HGB levels, while 43% had concentrations below control group values, 86.8% had concentrations below c. 66% of workers have a record lower than the control group 33.4% exceeded the control group values, the results of laboratory CO2 analyzes show that 90% of the CO2 concentrations of this indicator are outside the natural limits and that 100% of the CO2 concentration of workers in their blood is higher than that of the control group.
On the Elliptic Variational Inequality for A Simplified Signorini Problem
Authors: Jaabar Sahar Muhsen , Abbas Sameer Annon , Hussain Ahmed Hadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The phrase “variational formulation” has been used recently in connection with generalized boundary formulation or initial – problems of value. However, in the classical sense of the phrase, minimizing the squared function as well, that involves all problem intrinsic feature, examples: border or / and starting conditions, the governing equations, constraint conditions, and even jump conditions. Variational formulations, in either sense of the phrase, new theories supposed, support methods to study the mathematical properties of solutions, also most importantly that approximation normal means. In three related topics, the variational formulations can be used. Firstly, in the terms of getting the extremum (example, maxima or minima) are posed for numerous mechanics problems, thus, according nature of that, in the variational statements terms can be formulated. Secondly, other means might formulate for other problems, as vector mechanics (example: Newton’s laws), however, the means of variational principles can formulate for that. Thirdly, third, principle variation considers a strong basis for getting approximate solutions to problems in practice, a lot of it is unsolvable. variational inequality (V.I.) in mathematics, is an inequality involves a function, whose solutions to all probable values are for a variables given, mostly belong to a convex series. The variational inequalities of the theory of mathematic have developed in the beginning to deal with problems of equilibrium, Signorini problem specifically. The variational inequality of elliptic is the “A simplified Signorini problem” first type. This V. I of elliptic was associated with second-order partial differentiation.
Modification of Cellulose Nanofibers by ZnO Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing
Authors: Alalousi Mazin A. , Al-Obaidi Yusra M. , Jehad Mustafa G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nanocellulose crystals (NCC) were isolated from the palm fronds by sonication and hydrolyzed processes and modification of them by the prepared ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) utilizes pulsed laser ablation in water. NCC:ZNPs layers were fabricated using the spin coating technique. The morphological properties of NCCs and NCC: ZNPs layers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and field-effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. NCC fibers have been shown a long fibrous shape with layer fibrous sheets about 60 nm of thickness consist of nano tapes between 30 nm to 70 nm of width and thickness sequentially. ZNPs clusters appeared clearly in FE-SEM image as individual growths between 20 nm to 240 nm of size and around NCC fibers. The structural properties of prepared layers have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the domain peak of cellulose is found at 22.54° mostly. There is increasing in the crystallinity indices with the number of layers were increased in both NCC and NCC: ZNPs films. The sensing of N2, H2 and NH3 gases were measured, generally the sensitivity of gases increased with adding of ZNPs expect N2.
The Preparing and Characterization of Nanocomposite (PTh/SWCNT) for NO2 Gas Sensing
Authors: Ramadhan Amer A. , Ibrahim Fuad T. , Nasir Eman M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We prepared polythiophene (PTH) with single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite thin films for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing applications. Thin films were synthesized via electrochemical polymerization method onto (Indium tin oxide) ITO coated glass substrate of thiophene monomer with magnesium perchlorate and different concentration from SWCNT (0.012 and 0.016) % in the presence130mL of Acetonitrile used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterized these nanocomposite thin films. The response of these nanocomposite for NO2 gas was evaluated via monitoring the change time in presence 25% NO2 of with electrical resistance at (40, 80,120,160 and 200)°C. We can observe that the PTh/SWCNT films show a higher sensitivity as compare to pure PTH.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Schiff Base and Nicotinamide: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Abdul Karem Lekaa K. , Al-Noor Taghreed.H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new Schiff base of HL has been synthesized from amoxicillin drug and 4-Chlorobenzophenone. Cr (III), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) mixed ligands complexes of Schiff base and Nicotinamide. Diagnosis of synthesis ligand and its complexes are done by1HNMR, 13CNMR and thermal analysis for HL ligand, FTIR, UV-visible, molar conductance, CHN analysis, magnetic susceptility and atomic absorption. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. All compounds under study were tested antimicrobial activity against four type of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Bacillis subtilis in nutrient agar.
Improve topic modeling algorithms based on Twitter hashtags
Authors: Alash Hayder M , Al-Sultany Ghaidaa A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Today with increase using social media, a lot of researchers have interested in topic extraction from Twitter. Twitter is an unstructured short text and messy that it is critical to find topics from tweets. While topic modeling algorithms such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are originally designed to derive topics from large documents such as articles, and books. They are often less efficient when applied to short text content like Twitter. Luckily, Twitter has many features that represent the interaction between users. Tweets have rich user-generated hashtags as keywords. In this paper, we exploit the hashtags feature to improve topics learned from Twitter content without modifying the basic topic model of LSA and LDA. Users who share the same hashtag at most discuss the same topic. We compare the performance of the two methods (LSA and LDA) using the topic coherence (with and without hashtags). The experiment result on the Twitter dataset showed that LSA has better coherence score with hashtags than that do not incorporate hashtags. In contrast, our experiments show that the LDA has a better coherence score without incorporating hashtags. Finally, LDA has a better coherence score than LSA and the best coherence result obtained from the LDA method was (0.6047) and the LSA method was (0.4744) but the number of topics in LDA was higher than LSA. Thus, LDA may cause the same tweets to discuss the same subject set into different clustering.
Mathematical Study for laser and its Clinical Applications in dentistry: Review and Outlook
Authors: Yacoob Ilham M. , Mahmood Sarah G. , Slewa Muna Y. , Nooh Najeeb M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper for the survey is to recapitulate applications of laser, mathematically and also discusses whether the laser can furnish a similar or ameliorate treatment for traditional care. Studies have shown that the use of lasers in the different fields is an efficacious device to increase efficiency, quality, easiness, cost and convenience in dental therapy. The laser is an influential dental auxiliary to control pollution, wound reparations, the discharge and control of tremolo in the expulsion of hard tissues. Lasers designed specifically for this region are surgical and medical devices at the forefront of technology and are used by a large number of doctors in everyday use. Dental laser uses wavelengths that are absorbed in soft or solid tissues and given exceptional privacy in tissue. Its clinical capabilities are extremely complex, providing very good comfort for the patient. Clinical conditions will characterize the various and diverse applications of dental lasers depending on the power used during exposure and absorption of wavelengths in soft or hard tissues, emphasizing the benefits for each case.
The Impact of Eye Exercises on High Myopia and Visual Acuity in Patients Aged (15-30) Years
Authors: Shareef Hassnaa , Sameen Munther , Jafaar Shaimaa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High myopia is a state in which the spherical equivalent objective refractive error is ≤ -5.00 Diopters (D) in either eye. Currently, there are several treatment options to correct high myopia including laser eye surgery, refractive lens exchange, pharmaceutical treatment, and others. This study focuses on physiotherapy treatment and aims to evaluate the potential advantage of applying new physical exercises for the eyes of patients aged between 15-30 years, was applied on 50 patients with a known case of high myopia who were recruited through criteria based purposive sampling, they visit the optical clinic routinely at the Medical Technical University. The optometrist assessed the refractive errors and visual acuity of subjects using a Snellen’s chart and an auto refractometer, then the eye exercises treatment was done by the specialist physician. The effect of physical exercises on the eyes was determined by comparing the visual acuity of patients before and after the treatment through the SPSS program, and the result was found to be significant with a P-value = 0.0281<0.05. Therefore, eye exercises provide an enhancement in visual acuity, ocular health, and correct the refractive error of high myopia resulting in better vision.
Immunological comparison for sHLA-G and some receptors in Iraq patients with sterile and fertile Echinococus granulosus
Authors: Al-Marsomy Wasan Addai , Mohammed Sabaa Taher , Salih Almohaidi Asmaa M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hydatidosis, a problem of worldwide importance is caused by larval (metacestode) stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) plays an remarkable role in liver disease. This review will discuss sHLA-G and some immunological parameters in the study of Iraq patients with sterile and fertile hydated cyst. A study the immunological parameters include effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G which are investigated by ELISA, showed significant differentiation (P<0.05) at the serum level concentration in patients after surgery compared with the level of concentration before surgery and higher than in the control group with non-significant differences in the immune response between two types of fertile and sterile cyst. So, results of KIR2DL4 and ILT4 immunological receptor, which were investigated in patients’ blood using the flow cytometry, showed significant increase in concentration from these receptors for patients who suffer fertile and sterile hydatid cysts compared to the control group. Therefore changed immune responses in two type cysts with hydatidosis patients in presence sHLA-G expression.
The Orbital of Satellite Transfer with Inclination Change Using a New Techniques
Authors: Fadhil Omar A. , Saleh AbdulRahman H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The process of satellite transition without perturbations effect were studded in this work. The initial elliptical orbit (e= 0.01, a= 6745.45 km, i= 0°) was transfer to geostationary orbit through the transfer elliptical orbit with inclination variation between the initial and final orbit Δi= 0°,1,2 to 180°. A program was designed to calculate the velocity needed to transition (ΔVhohman), the velocity needed to rotation the plane of orbit (ΔVi), ΔVtotal, mass of fuel needed and time of transition we assume that the time of rotation equal one period. Hohmann transfers method between coaxial elliptical orbits to Satellite transmission was used. It is the process of transition the satellite from an elliptical initial orbit to a circular final orbit through an elliptical transition orbit some assumption were used in our techniques of transition orbit. The results indicated that the best method for the transfer process that is transfer the satellite from the perigee of the initial elliptical orbit and then perform the orbit rotation process of the final upper orbit. The inclination angle can be reach is 60 degree where at this Δi low velocity or low energy needed and the rotation can happen during one period. The amount of fuel needed to transition of the satellite can be achieved.
Freehand Drawing Segmentation Based on Color Differences
Authors: Abdulmunem Ashwan A. , Mohammed Dunya J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Image segmentation is a fundamental step in computer vision problems such as object detection, localization, recognition, etc. The accurate segmentation has a vital effect on the output results. n this work, we introduce a new approach of segmentation based on freehand drawing on the target object on the input image then segmented that object from the image based on the color differences in the image regions. The method applied to different types of images to justify the robustness of the method. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to segment the freehand drawn object with different characteristics of the images (lightness, background, number of objects).
Effect of laser diode to spectrometer distance on perfusion
Authors: M.Abud Mariam. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Single Doppler methods remained a limited application for LDFM. Various distances effect between laser diode and spectrometer is important role in this application techniques especially medicine physics. In this research aimed to determine the effect of distance between the spectrum analyzer and laser diode by single Doppler Method on perfusion of the Artery. This is the position of arteriosclerosis diagnosis Results shown Change the distance between LD (wavelengths 780 nm) and spectrum analyzer (2,4,6, and 8 cm) that intensity incresed to 4 cm when enter light through position of artery, but decresed when incresed distance 8 cm. results is prove the increased blood velocity also increases the single signal, At distance 6 cm s is relatively higher for velocity having propagated a long distance, and therefore their contribution to the perfusion effect to the blood concentration and the measurement velocity will decrease compared to the distance 2 and 4 cm.
Analysis of the Effect of Fiber Length on Fourwave Mixing Power in WDM Optical Communication System
Authors: Mohammad Jamal Fadhil , Kadhim Sadiq Jaafar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study has revealed that the dominant nonlinear of four-wave mixing (FWM), shown a significant impact of performance limitation of the wavelength division multiplexing systems (WDM). The interaction and accumulation of the chromatic dispersion and the effect of the fiber nonlinear along the optical link length, are shown a limited performance of the long distance of optical communication system. Also, we investigated the relationships of FWM power with the fiber length of several values of the inter channel spacing, input power, the effective core area, number of channels in the system. The results are shown that the dominant influence of FWM at the dispersion of zero-wavelength in comparison to the end wavelength, where ultimately, it reaches the maximum value of fiber length≈ 22 km. Furthermore, it is also shown that the FWM noise power is, consequently, increased, after assembly of other factors, including, (1) the increase of the input power, (2) the number of channels in the system, (3) the decrease of the frequency spacing, effective core area.
Fully Dual Closed Stable Modules
Authors: Al-Aeashi Shukur Neamah , Diop Papa Cheikhou , Reza Farahani Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion offully dual closed stablemodule as a generalization of fully dual stable. Some basic properties of this notion are given. Also the related modules with this notion are introduced and studied.
Hash Unit Cell Shape Used To Enhancement Gain and Bandwidth of Metasurface Antenna
Authors: Gatea Qahtan Mutar , Al-Kafahji Nasr , Ali Faris Mohammed , Alyasiri Abdulkadhum Jaafar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, Low-profile, high gain and wideband antenna loaded with a single layer metasurface are proposed. The process of adding the metasurface layer depends on the Fabry Pérot technology, which required existing an air gap among the slot antenna and the metasurface layer. The metasurface layer consists of an array of 4 × 4 unit elements placed on a Roger Ro4003C substrate layer with a thickness of 2.5mm. Hash shape is used as a radiating element. The metasurface MS is acting as left-hand material in which both permittivity and permeability are negative, leading to negative refractive indexing. The emitted waves from the slot antenna are affected by a set of unit cells on the metasurface MS above the slot antenna because of the structure’s equivalent relative permeability and permittivity changes, and the slot antenna performance changes accordingly. The antenna works at a frequency of 6.75 GHz as a resonant frequency with an improvement in the bandwidth value for the metasurface antenna to get a value of 2.2 GHz instead of 390 MHz for the slot antenna. The proposed antenna has a 37 % bandwidth impedance starting at 4.7 GHz and ending at 6.9 GHz with a 7.43 dB gain value. The suggested antenna is useful for use with Wi-Fi applications.
Investigation of the Cosmic Rays Associated with Ground Level Enhancement Events during Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Gburi Sura I. , AL-Ubaidi Najat M. R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the Sun, particles mostly protons (positively charged) with energies up to several hundred (MeV) are escaped during periods of intense flare activity. These particles are solar cosmic radiation, which are very small particles move at nearly the speed of light through space. The flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) may also cause a sharp rise in the cosmic ray intensity (CRI) at the Earth atmosphere. There are indications that the most energetic events occurred in the minimum phase of solar activity. When cosmic rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere they collide with atoms and molecules, as the Sun’s magnetic field became weak the cosmic rays are flooding into the solar system from deep space, causing health risks to space travelers. Sudden increases in the cosmic ray intensity called Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are measured or recorded on Earth’s sea level by neutron monitor (NM). The main objective of this research is to find the relation between cosmic ray and the GLE events and other solar activity parameters during the period years (2008-2019) for solar cycle (24). In this work satellite data of GLE based on ground level station Oulu NM (ONM) are taken is situated in north Finland at the height of 15m above sea level in the geographic coordinates (65.05°N; 25.47°E). The observational spectrum of two GLEs occurred during solar cycle 24 are investigated, one in 17 May 2012 which known as GLE71 and the other in 10 September 2017 as GLE72, in which the solar energetic particle was the larger in this solar cycle. Data of these two events indicate that the presence of different between them are due to populations of different energy spectrum, period of time occurrence, and increasing rate of (CRI).
Additional Properties of Frame Domination in Graphs
Authors: Talib Sarai Hamza , Omran Ahmed A. , Rajihy Yasen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The generalization of frame domination concept on graphs is the main aims of this work. In addition, some advanced properties on frame domination have been presented. Some corresponding theorems related to delete, add edges or delete vertices have been proved. Also, the relationship between the original graph and a graph getting from contraction edges has been addressed. Finally, the upper and lower bounds of frame domination number for some special different graphs have been compared and determined.
Generalization Fuzzy Completely Intra Γ-ideals in Γ-Semi Groups
Authors: Asaad Samah H. , Ahmed Ibrahim S. , Mohammed Akram S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we study the concept of generalization fuzzy completely intra —ideals in Γ —semi groups as a stronger from of fuzzy completely intra —ideals in Γ —semi groups, we investigated some of basic properties, examples and characterizations of them. Also we discussed generalization of fuzzy completely intra Γ —ideals and we discussed generalization composition of fuzzy completely intra Γ —ideal are investigated.
Influence of Varying Temperature and Concentration on (MHD) Peristaltic Transport for Jeffrey Fluid through an Inclined Porous Channel
Authors: Al–Khafajy Dheia Gaze Salih 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to create a mathematical model that studies the effects of the peristaltic transfer of the Jeffrey fluid with a magnetic field, a change in temperature, and concentration through a slanted porous channel. Assuming that the viscosity of the fluid is variable by the effect of temperature, we found a solution for the momentum equation by using perturbation series method and assuming the long-wavelength which leads to small Reynolds number, and then we studied the effect of effective variables on the movement of the fluid.
Solution of Modified Equal Width Equation Using Quartic Trigonometric-Spline Method
Authors: Salih Hamad , Tawfiq Luma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing a quartic trigonometric B-spline (QTB-S) scheme, the numerical solution is obtained for modified equal width equation (MEW eq.). The approach based on finite difference scheme with the help of Crank-Nicolson formulation. The finite difference scheme is used for time integration and QTB-S function for space integration. Performance and accuracy of the scheme is validated through testing two problems by using conserved laws and L∞and L2error norms.
Some Results Related With δ-Fuzzy Martingale
Authors: Al-Mayahi Noori F , Jasim Alaa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we will introduced the concept ofδ-fuzzy martingale (respδ-fuzzy sub-martingale,δ-fuzzy super-martingale) on the regular fuzzy measure space (Ω,F, μ), with respect to theδ-fuzzy filtration and convergence, so we will provide some definitions {Fn}n∈N, and properties related to these concepts.
Compare The Category of G-bornological group and G-Topological Group
Authors: Majed Dr.Lieth A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we compare the category of G-bornological group G and G-topological group to consider the different between them. Moreover, the category of G-bornological set whose morphisms are called equivarient-bounded maps are described. As well as, the main results that are a bornological group acts on a bornological set by a bornologicalisomorphism.