bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Access to AgOCF3 and Its New Applications as a Reservoir for OCF2 for the Direct Synthesis of N−CF3, Aryl or Alkyl Carbamoyl Fluorides
Authors: Turksoy Abdurrahman , Scattolin Thomas , Bouayad‐Gervais Samir , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of innovative fluorination strategies is greatly dependent also on the availability, safety and practicability of available fluorinating reagents. We herein show a straightforward and quantitative strategy for the preparation of valuable AgOCF3 at room temperature and showcase its performance in trifluoromethoxylations or as reservoir for O=CF2. This enabled the direct, practical and safe synthesis of valuable N‐alkyl/aryl and N−CF3 carbamoyl fluorides from secondary amines and isothiocyanides, respectively. Our mechanistic data indicate that AgOCF3 does not liberate O=CF2 until it is activated by a nucleophilic co‐reagent, reinforcing the stability of the salt under our new preparation strategy.
Dynamics of the forced negative conductance series LCR circuit
Authors: Pitchaimuthu Megavarna Ezhilarasu , Kathamuthu Thamilmaran 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we make a revisit of a simple LCR circuit introduced earlier in 2005 by Thamilmaran et. al., and present the circuit simulation studies of its dynamics using the PSpice circuit simulator package. This is a simple sinusoidally forced series LCR circuit, employing an ordinary single PN junction diode in conjunction with a negative conductance as its nonlinearity. In circuit theoretic terms, this circuit is a modified form of the forced van der Pol type oscillator and is interesting because it exhibits a dual nature, namely, a forced van der Pol type circuit behaviour and an MLC circuit type behaviour for different parametric ranges. In addition, statistical studies have shown the circuit to possess strong chaoticity. Subsequent works on this circuit have shown the birth of strange nonchaos through four different routes, namely, the Heagy‐Hammel route, gradual fractalization route, intermittency route, and Bubbling route. In lieu of these, we look at the circuit afresh and study its dynamics in an exhaustive manner. These studies reveal many new bifurcations and routes to chaos. These results have been verified using hardware experiments in addition to numerical computations.
Circulating gluten‐specific, but not CMV‐specific, CD39+ regulatory T cells have an oligoclonal TCR repertoire
Authors: Cook Laura , Munier C Mee Ling , Seddiki Nabila , Hardy Melinda Y , Anderson Robert P , Zaunders John , Tye‐Din Jason A , Kelleher Anthony D , van Bockel David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of regulatory CD4+ T‐cell (Treg) populations is important for strategies aiming to re‐establish tolerance in autoimmune diseases. We studied circulating deamidated gluten‐epitope‐specific CD39+ Tregs in patients with coeliac disease following an oral gluten challenge, and we used cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific CD39+ Tregs from healthy controls as a comparator population.MethodsWe used the OX40 assay to isolate antigen‐specific Tregs by induced surface co‐expression of CD25, OX40 and CD39. RACE PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of the TCR β chain were used to analyse repertoire diversity.ResultsWe found that, following oral gluten challenge, circulating gluten‐specific CD39+ Tregs had an oligoclonal TCR repertoire that contained public clonotypes. Conversely, the TCR repertoire of CMV‐epitope‐specific CD39+ Tregs from healthy controls was polyclonal.DiscussionThese data indicate that a biased TCR repertoire is not inherent to CD39+ Tregs, and, in this case, is apparently driven by the HLA‐DQ2.5‐restricted deamidated gluten peptide in coeliac disease patients.ConclusionThis is the first assessment of the TCR repertoire within circulating human Tregs specific for foreign antigen. These data enhance our understanding of antigen‐specific CD4+ responses in the settings of chronic inflammation and infection and may help guide immunomonitoring strategies for CD4+ T cell‐based therapies, particularly for coeliac disease.
HDL cholesterol is an independent predictor of β‐cell function decline and incident type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Fiorentino Teresa V. , Succurro Elena , Marini Maria A. , Pedace Elisabetta , Andreozzi Francesco , Perticone Maria , Sciacqua Angela , Perticone Francesco , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperimental evidence indicates that high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) may stimulate glucose uptake and improve β‐cell function. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether lower levels of HDL may affect the risk to develop type 2 diabetes.MethodsIncident rate of type 2 diabetes and changes in insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function over 5.5‐year follow‐up were examined in 670 non‐diabetic subjects stratified in tertiles according to basal HDL levels.ResultsAs compared to the highest tertile of HDL, individuals with lower levels of HDL have an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes independently from several cardiometabolic risk factors (odds ratio: 2.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.05‐7.91), and exhibited a greater deterioration of β‐cell function, estimated by the disposition index, over 5.5‐year follow‐up. Conversely, changes in Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity over the follow‐up were not significantly different amongst the three HDL groups. In a multivariable regression analysis model including age, sex, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, fasting and 2‐hour post‐load glucose, family history of type 2 diabetes and smoking habit, HDL concentration at baseline was an independent predictor of β‐cell function decline over the follow‐up (β = .30, P = .0001). Mediation analysis showed that the association between lower HDL levels at baseline and increased risk of incident diabetes was mediated by β‐cell function deterioration during the follow‐up (t = −3.32, P = .001).ConclusionsSubjects with lower levels of HDL have an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes likely due to a greater β‐cell function decline over time.
Wrangling with p‐values versus effect sizes to improve medical decision‐making: A tutorial
Authors: Kraemer Helena C. , Neri Eric , Spiegel David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe most pervasive and damaging myth in clinical research is that the smaller the p‐value, the stronger the hypothesis. In reality, the p‐value primarily reflects the quality of research design decisions. The most common proposal to avoid misleading conclusions from clinical research requires the appropriate use of effect sizes, but which effect size, used when and how, is an open question. A solution is proposed for perhaps the most common problem in clinical research, the comparison between two populations, for example, comparison of two treatments in a randomized clinical trial or comparison of high risk versus low risk individuals in an epidemiological study: the success rate difference or equivalently the number needed to treat/take (NNT).
Important role of genetic drift in rapid polygenic adaptation
Authors: John Sona , Stephan Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyzed a model to determine the factors that facilitate or limit rapid polygenic adaptation. This model includes population genetic terms of mutation and both directional and stabilizing selection on a highly polygenic trait in a diploid population of finite size. First, we derived the equilibrium distribution of the allele frequencies of the multilocus model by diffusion approximation. This formula describing the equilibrium allele frequencies as a mutation‐selection‐drift balance was examined by computer simulation using parameter values inferred for human height, a well‐studied polygenic trait. Second, assuming that a sudden environmental shift of the fitness optimum occurs while the population is in equilibrium, we analyzed the adaptation of the trait to the new optimum. The speed at which the trait mean approaches the new optimum increases with the equilibrium genetic variance. Thus, large population size and/or large mutation rate may facilitate rapid adaptation. Third, the contribution of an individual locus i to polygenic adaptation depends on the compound parameter , where is the effect size, the equilibrium frequency of the trait‐increasing allele of this locus, and . Thus, only loci with large values of this parameter contribute coherently to polygenic adaptation. Given that mutation rates are relatively small, this is more likely in large populations, in which the effects of drift are limited.
Plant community assembly in suburban vacant lots depends on earthmoving legacy, habitat connectivity, and current mowing frequency
Authors: Tsuzuki Yoichi , Koyanagi Tomoyo F. , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn suburban regions, vacant lots potentially offer significant opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Recently, in Japan, due to an economic recession, some previously developed lands have become vacant. Little is known, however, about the legacy of earlier earthmoving, which involves topsoil removal and ground leveling before residential construction, on plant community composition in such vacant lots. To understand (dis)assembly processes in vacant lots, we studied 24 grasslands in a suburban region in Japan: 12 grasslands that had experienced earthmoving and 12 that had not. We surveyed plant community composition and species richness, and clarified compositional turnover (replacement of species) and nestedness (nonrandom species loss) by distance‐based β‐diversities, which were summarized by PCoA analysis. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to examine the effects of soil properties, mowing frequency, past and present habitat connectivities on compositional changes. As a result, past earthmoving, mowing frequency, soil properties, and past habitat connectivity were found to be the drivers of compositional turnover. In particular, we found legacy effects of earthmoving: earthmoving promoted turnover from native grassland species to weeds in arable lands or roadside by altering soil properties. Mowing frequency also promoted the same turnover, implying that extensive rather than intensive mowing can modify the negative legacy effects and maintain grassland species. Decrease in present habitat connectivity marginally enhanced nonrandom loss of native grassland species (nestedness). Present habitat connectivity had a positive effect on species richness, highlighting the important roles of contemporary dispersal. Our study demonstrates that community assembly is a result of multiple processes differing in spatial and temporal scales. We suggest that extensive mowing at local scale, as well as giving a high conservation priority to grasslands with high habitat connectivity at regional scale, is the promising actions to maintain endangered native grassland species in suburban landscapes with negative legacy effects of earthmoving.
Persistent sodium current blockers can suppress seizures caused by loss of low‐threshold D‐type potassium currents: Predictions from an in silico study of Kv1 channel disorders
Authors: Du Jiaxin , Vegh Viktor , Reutens David C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveIon channels belonging to subfamily A of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv1) are highly expressed on axons, where they play a key role in determining resting membrane potential, in shaping action potentials, and in modulating action potential frequency during repetitive neuronal firing. We aimed to study the genesis of seizures caused by mutations affecting Kv1 channels and searched for potential therapeutic targets.MethodsWe used a novel in silico model, the laminar cortex model (LCM), to examine changes in neuronal excitability and network dynamics associated with loss‐of‐function mutations in Kv1 channels. The LCM simulates the activities of a network of tens of thousands of interconnected neurons and incorporates the kinetics of 11 types of ion channel and three classes of neurotransmitter receptor. Changes in two types of potassium currents conducted by Kv1 channels were examined: slowly inactivating D‐type currents and rapidly inactivating A‐type currents. Effects on neuronal firing rate, action potential shape, and neuronal oscillation state were evaluated. A systematic parameter scan was performed to identify parameter changes that can reverse the effects of the changes.ResultsReduced axonal D‐type currents led to lower firing threshold and widened action potentials, both lowering the seizure threshold. Two potential therapeutic targets for treating seizures caused by loss‐of‐function changes in Kv1 channels were identified: persistent sodium channels and NMDA receptors. Blocking persistent sodium channels restored the firing threshold and reduced action potential width. NMDA receptor antagonists reduced excitatory postsynaptic currents from excessive glutamate release related to widened action potentials.SignificanceRiluzole reduces persistent sodium currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents from NMDA receptor activation. Our results suggest that this FDA‐approved drug can be repurposed to treat epilepsies caused by mutations affecting axonal Kv1 channels.
Experimental study and application of medium‐length hole blasting technique in coal‐rock roadway
Authors: Ding Ziwei , Jia Jindui , Li Xiaofei , Li Ji , Li Yulong , Liao Jinglong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, mechanical mechanism analyses of hole cut blasting and in situ hole cut blasting tests using different cutting programs were conducted to investigate the hole cut blasting mechanism under the influence of complicated geological conditions and its blasting excavation effect. The hole cut blasting mechanism was evaluated under the background of medium‐length hole cut blasting test in a typical coal‐rock roadway in Xiayukou coal mine of Hancheng mining area in Western China to improve the blasting excavation efficiency in coal mine roadways. Test results indicated that the rock clamping action is remarkably enhanced when the depth of medium‐length holes, which are impacted by various complicated geological factors, reaches more than 1.8 m under weak coal‐rock mass conditions. At the same time, the antidrag effect is good when double‐wedge cut blasting is selected, and its mitigation of rock clamping action is reflected through the reduction of rock resistance of phase I hole cut blasting. The enhanced blasting effect is embodied by the footage cycle and forming effect of blasting, and the footage cycle of single blasting increases from 1.6 to 2.0 m, thereby indicating its remarkable economic benefits. The results of this study can provide a reference for hole cut blasting design and mechanism study of weak coal‐rock masses under complicated geological conditions.
Auf verlässlichen Karrierewegen zu mehr forschenden Fachärzten
Authors: Deggerich Anke , Picht Eckard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn 13 Medizinischen Fakultäten fördert die DFG Clinician Scientist‐Programme / Neue Impulse durch wissenschaftliche Qualifizierung parallel zur Facharztweiterbildung
Ethnic disparity in access to the memory assessment service between South Asian and white British older adults in the United Kingdom: A cohort study
Authors: Ogliari Giulia , Turner Zoë , Khalique Javid , Gordon Adam L. , Gladman John R. F. , Chadborn Neil H. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundEquality of access to memory assessment services by older adults from ethnic minorities is both an ethical imperative and a public health priority.ObjectiveTo investigate whether timeliness of access to memory assessment service differs between older people of white British and South Asian ethnicity.DesignLongitudinal cohort.SettingNottingham Memory Study; outpatient secondary mental healthcare.SubjectsOur cohort comprised 3654 white British and 32 South Asian older outpatients.MethodsThe criterion for timely access to memory assessment service was set at 90 days from referral. Relationships between ethnicity and likelihood of timely access to memory assessment service were analysed using binary logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for socio‐demographic factors, deprivation and previous access to rapid response mental health services.ResultsAmong white British outpatients, 2272 people (62.2%) achieved timely access to memory assessment service. Among South Asian outpatients, fourteen people (43.8%) achieved timely access to memory assessment service. After full adjustment, South Asian outpatients had a 0.47‐fold reduced likelihood of timely access, compared to white British outpatients (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.23‐0.95, P value = .035). The difference became non‐significant when restricting analyses to outpatients reporting British nationality or English as first language. Older age, lower index of deprivation and previous access to rapid response mental health services were associated with reduced likelihood of timely access, while gender was not.ConclusionsIn a UK mental healthcare service, older South Asian outpatients are less likely to access dementia diagnostic services in a timely way, compared to white British outpatients.
The effects of Joule heating and variable thermal conductivity on peristaltic pumping of Jeffrey nanofluid in the presence of heat transfer
Authors: Abdel‐Hameed Asfour Hanaa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis investigation aims to study Hall's current effect on the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity in an inclined asymmetric channel. Joule heating and oblique magnetic field effects are taken into consideration. A system of ordinary differential equations is obtained under the approximation of low Reynolds number and long wavelength, which consists of momentum, energy, and concentration equations. The influences of penitent physical parameters on the distribution of velocity, temperature, and concentration have been discussed graphically. Streamline graphs are offered in the terminus, which elucidates the trapping bolus phenomenon. The resulting equations are solved numerically using the ND Solver technique. The thermal conductivity parameter causes the pressure gradient to increase while reducing the pressure rise. Our present model can be applied to physiological flow transportation in the veins with heat transfer.
Water age in stormwater management ponds and stormwater management pond‐treated catchments
Authors: Morales Kayla , Oswald Claire 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExpansion of impervious surface cover results in “flashy” hydrologic response, elevated flood risk, and degraded water quality in urban watersheds. Stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) are often engineered into stream networks to mitigate these issues. A clearer understanding of how water is stored and released from SWMPs and SWMP‐treated catchments is required to better represent these engineered systems in hydrological and water quality models of urban and urbanizing watersheds. Stable water isotopes were used to compare water age in SWMPs and SWMP‐treated catchments in an urbanizing watershed. We sampled water biweekly from two SWMPs and five stream sites with varying land cover and stormwater control in their catchments. Two inverse transit time proxies (damping ratio and young water fraction) were computed along with the mean transit time (MTT) by sine–wave fitting for each SWMP and stream site using the δ18O and δ2H data. Water entering the SWMPs was consistently older (224 and 177 days) than water in or exiting the ponds (ranging from 46 to 91 days and 39 to 67 days, respectively). This finding is likely due to a combination of groundwater infiltration into broken sewer pipes that transport water into the ponds and a bias toward baseflow sampling. At the catchment scale, detention provided by SWMPs was not found to be more significant than the interactive effects of impervious cover, surficial geology, land use proportions, and catchment size in determining MTT. Overall, surficial geology explained the most variation in MTT among the seven sites. This study illustrates the potential for isotope‐based approaches of water age to provide information on individual SWMP functioning and the influence of SWMPs on catchment‐scale water movement.
Saturated areas through the lens: 1. Spatio‐temporal variability of surface saturation documented through thermal infrared imagery
Authors: Antonelli Marta , Glaser Barbara , Teuling Adriaan J. , Klaus Julian , Pfister Laurent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface saturated areas are key features in generating run‐off. A detailed characterization of the expansion and contraction of surface saturation in riparian zones and its connectivity to the stream is fundamental to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of streamflow generation processes. In this first contribution of a series of two papers, we used ground‐based thermal infrared imagery for characterizing riparian surface saturation seasonal dynamics of seven different riparian areas in the Weierbach catchment (0.42 km2), a small forested catchment in Luxembourg. We collected biweekly panoramic images of the seven areas over a period of 2 years. We identified the extension of saturation in each collected panoramic image (i.e., percentage of pixels corresponding to saturated surfaces in each riparian area) to generate time series of surface saturation. Riparian surface saturation in all areas was seasonally variable, and its dynamics were in accordance with lower hillslope groundwater level fluctuations. Surface saturation in the different areas related to catchment outlet discharge through power law relationships. Differences in these relationships for different areas could be associated with the location of the areas along the stream network and to a possible influence of local riparian morphology on the development of surface saturation, suggesting a certain degree of intracatchment heterogeneity. This study paves the way for a subsequent investigation of the spatio‐temporal variability of streamflow generation in the catchment, presented in our second contribution.
ENHANCING WATER PRODUCTIVITY WHILE IMPROVING PEANUT KERNEL QUALITY BY WATER REGULATION UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS†
Authors: Xia Guimin , Wu Qi , Chi Daocai , Chen Junxiu , Wang Shujun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the water productivity and kernel quality of peanut, a lysimeter experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2015 to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N1: 75 kg ha−1, N2: 150 kg ha−1, N3: 225 kg ha−1) and irrigation regimes (W1: severe deficit, W2: moderate deficit, W3: full irrigation) on the photosynthetic traits, water productivity and kernel quality of peanut. Results show that optimal N rates enhanced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance, while these traits decreased with an increase of soil water stress. N2W2 treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased water productivity by 52 and 45% relative to W3N3 over the 2 years respectively. Although the N2W2 and N2W3 treatments produced the highest yields, water consumption of the N2W3 treatment was significantly higher than that of N2W2. Protein content (PC), crude fat content (CF) and oleic acid content (OA) increased with N input. However, the N3 treatment significantly lessened the OA/LA (linoleic acid) compared with N1. CF, OA (in 2015) and OA/LA were significantly increased by alleviated W stress which was completely contrary to PC and LA. For maximum economic benefit ($5870 ha−1), W2N2 was recommended as comprehensively improving yield, kernel quality and water productivity of peanut. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.