bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional radiofrequency based combinations for augmented skin rejuvenation results
Authors: Mehrabi Joseph N. , Artzi Ofir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSkin rejuvenation is a common request among patients and a strong driver for the development of new, energy‐based devices in dermatology. Various procedures exist for skin rejuvenation. Patients prefer methods of skin rejuvenation with few sessions, minimal downtime, no adverse events, and lasting results. Extensive research has been conducted on radiofrequency (RF)‐based skin tightening due to its noninvasive, tolerable, and effective mechanism. Different RF technologies directed toward skin rejuvenation exist. Effective treatment and skin rejuvenation have been achieved with RF technologies, but more potential exists in combination treatments which can be adjusted for patients according to specific skin types, skin conditions, and patients' preferences. In this review, we discuss eight RF‐based protocols directed toward skin rejuvenation. These treatment combinations can be applied in any dermatology clinic and can lead to excellent results with highly satisfied patients.
Functional diversity of leaf litter mixtures slows decomposition of labile but not recalcitrant carbon over two years
Authors: Grossman Jake J. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe decomposition of leaf litter constitutes a major pathway of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Though it is well established that litter decomposition varies among species, most leaf litter decomposes not alone, but in mixture with litter from heterospecifics. The consequences of this mixing, and of the role of multiple dimensions of plant biodiversity, for litter decomposition are ambiguous, with past research suggesting that mixing diverse litter can speed up, slow down, or have no effect on decomposition. Furthermore, different chemical constituents of litter decompose at different rates, and the consequences of diversity for each of these rates are not completely understood. We created litterbags corresponding to 49 different litter mixtures ranging from one to 12 temperate forest species and allowed them to decompose over 2 yr in a common garden in temperate eastern Minnesota, USA. Following collections at 2, 4, 12, and 24 months, we assessed total mass loss and changes in four classes of litter carbon (soluble cell contents, hemicellulose and bound proteins, cellulose, and lignin/acid unhydrolyzable recalcitrants). Species varied in litter decomposition rate (losing from 8% to 41% of total mass) and they lost soluble cell contents (up to 64% of ash‐free mass) and hemicellulose and bound proteins (69%) much more rapidly over 2 yr than they lost cellulose (40%) and acid‐unhydrolyzable residues (12%). A variety of macro‐ and micronutrients supported litter decomposition, with calcium, in particular, promoting it. In mixtures of litter from 2, 5, or 12 species, neither species richness nor phylogenetic diversity was associated with deviations from expected decomposition rates based on monocultures. Yet more functionally diverse litter mixtures lost labile carbon (soluble cell contents and hemicellulose) significantly more slowly than expected. This novel finding of the effect of litter diversity not on total litter decomposition, but on the decomposition of a particular class of litter compounds elucidates potential consequences of biodiversity for cycling of nutrients and energy in forest ecosystems.
Multienzyme detection and in‐situ monitoring of enzyme activity by bending CE using quantum dots‐based polypeptide substrate
Authors: Qiu Lin , Cui Pengfei , Zhu Zhilan , Xu Mingyu , Jia Wenjing , Sheng Jingyu , Ni Xinye , Zhou Shuwen , Wang Jianhao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultienzyme detection and monitoring enzyme activity in situ are significant for the disease to diagnose. This study aims to develop a quantum dots (QDs)‐based nanoprobe Cyanine5‐DDDLEVLFQFPGLVPRGSGGHHHHHH‐QDs (Cy5‐LEVLVP‐QD), which is able to detect two enzymes inside a bent capillary using CE. Cy5‐LEVLVP and QDs were allowed to bind with each other through metal affinity interaction and then injected the Cy5‐LEVLVP‐QD complex into a capillary with different bends, followed by related enzyme that can cleave the Cy5‐LEVLVP peptide. The fluorescence of Cy5 was excited by QDs due to Förster resonance energy transfer. By monitoring the peaks produced by the original Cy5‐LEVLVP‐QD complex and a significant fluorescence change, sensitive analysis of two different enzymes was conducted. Therefore, the novel approach of using capillaries with semicircular bends could prove particularly useful for enzyme investigating in disease.
Exosome mediated transfer of miRNA‐140 promotes enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells for enhanced cartilage repair and regeneration
Authors: Won Lee Gi , Thangavelu Muthukumar , Joung Choi Min , Yeong Shin Eun , Sol Kim Han , Seon Baek Jong , Woon Jeong Young , Eun Song Jeong , Carlomagno Cristiano , Miguel Oliveira Joaquim , Luis Reis Rui , Khang Gilson 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExosomes (EXs) are nanocarrier vesicles with 20‐50 nm dimensions. They are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and in protecting the integrity of materials. They can be isolated from plasma and immunoreactive components. Recent studies demonstrated their potential role in cartilage regeneration. To enhance their regenerative effect, molecules like microRNA (miR‐140) can be loaded in EX that acts as RNA delivery systems. In this study, we combined EX with miR‐140 to enhance cell differentiation by inducing membrane fusion and consequent miRNA released into the cytoplasm. The carrier RNA complex was successfully synthesized through freeze and thaw method leading to the formation of EX‐containing miR‐140. The EX morphology was assessed through transmission electron microscopy and their miR‐140 uptake efficiency through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The effects on bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were evaluated by in vitro cell culture. Cell adhesion and morphology were studied using a bio‐scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Differentiation BMSCs into chondrocytes was analyzed by RT‐PCR and histology. Our results confirm the bioactive role of EX loaded with miR‐140 in the differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes. EXs were biocompatible involving in the cartilage healing process through chromogenic differentiation of BMCS exploiting the tissue engineering route.
Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation of resting‐state fMRI in primary nocturnal enuresis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Jiang Kaihua , Wang Jianbao , Zheng Aibin , Li Lin , Yi Yang , Ding Li , Li Hongxin , Dong Xuan , Zang Yufeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) have similar symptoms, for example, inattention and dysfunction of working memory. We investigate disorder‐specific abnormal activity by using the simple resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) metric amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF). About 18 ADHD, NE, and typically developing children were examined by RS‐fMRI and the child behavior checklist (CBCL) test. One‐way ANOVA were used to compare the ALFF values of the three groups and post hoc was done. We conducted Pearson correlation analysis on the results of the three groups' scales with ALFF values at the discrepant brain areas after then. Significant group effect was found in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), cerebellum anterior lobe (CAL), and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). There was no shared abnormal region for ADHD and NE. Specially, ADHD showed increased ALFF in the bilateral MPFC, left ITG, and CAL and showed decreased ALFF in the left MTG. The children with NE showed increased ALFF in the left IPL. This study reveals the brain mechanism of cognitive changes on ADHD and NE, which provides neuroimaging basis for behavioral differences among different diseases.
Development of the visual system of anchovy larvae, Engraulis anchoita: A microanatomical description
Authors: Miranda Valeria , Cohen Stefanía , Díaz Alcira O. , Diaz Marina V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the early ontogeny of fish larvae, the accurate development of the visual system plays a key role, because it is involved in locating food, orientation, selection of favorable habitat, and evasion of predators. The structure of the eye of the fish is typical of vertebrates, with some modifications related to the aquatic environment. In the present work, we describe the development of the larval eye of Engraulis anchoita for the first time. Larvae were collected at the Permanent Station of Environmental Studies (EPEA) in coastal waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean during research cruises in 2015 and 2016. We describe the histology of the retina layers, determine the beginning of the functionality of the eye, and discuss a possible synchronization with the development of the digestive tract. This study provides information about the biology of E. anchoita, the most abundant fish species in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Also, recent studies have shown responses of the retina and other tissues to the increase in environmental acidity. Therefore, results of this study are also discussed with respect to the possible effect of acidification on the larvae of this species. The continuity of the time series developed at the EPEA will allow monitoring the effect of long‐term environmental and biological variables on the early ontogeny of anchovy in the context of climate change. The high commercial fishing potential of E. anchoita due to its high abundance, as well as its essential role in the trophic web of other commercially valuable fishing resources of Argentina, reinforce the need to continue deepening knowledge about this species.Research highlights:
Eyes of Engraulis anchoita larvae are functional from early larval stages.
At hatching, the retina is formed by only few layers from which the other layers differentiates during ontogeny.
Focal distance increases with larval growth.
Self‐Directed Learning in Creative Activity: An Ethnographic Study in Technology‐Based Work
Authors: Lemmetty Soila , Collin Kaija 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnder conditions of rapid changes in working life, there is an urgent need to examine the nature of creativity and learning in organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of self‐directed learning (SDL) practices in creative activity in technology‐based work. We focus on both individual and collective practices but also on the importance of organizational culture. The data consist of 46 interviews and observational field notes collected from participating organizations. Thematic and ethnographic analyses were utilized as tools to reveal the nature of SDL in creative activity. We found three themes describing of the nature of SDL in creative activity: a combination of individual and collective action, solving common problems through dialogue and discussions, and the organizational culture framing SDL in creative activity. Based on the findings, we provided support for that SDL in creative activity is manifested as a socio‐cultural phenomenon and SDL practices are intertwined with creative activity. We discovered organization cultural frames that can support the realization of SDL and creative activity in working life. However, more research on the relationship between these phenomena and the conditions for their realization is needed.
Age‐ and sex‐specific morphologic changes in the metaphyseal fossa adjacent to epiphyseal tubercle in children and adolescents without hip disorders
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Novais Eduardo N. , Maranho Daniel A. , Emami Seyed Alireza , Portilla Gabriela , Kim Young‐Jo , Kiapour Ata M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe epiphyseal tubercle plays an important role in epiphyseal stabilization. While the majority of studies have focused on tubercle morphology, there is a paucity of information on the morphological features of the metaphyseal fossa, where the tubercle sits on the metaphysis. The goal of this study was to determine the developmental changes in the capital femoral metaphyseal fossa. Computed tomography of the pelvis from 80 children and adolescents 8‐15 years old were used to create three‐dimensional models of the proximal femur. Depth, width, length, and surface area of the metaphyseal fossa were measured and the impact of age and sex on fossa morphology was assessed using the linear regression and two‐way analysis of variance, respectively. The metaphyseal fossa was located in the posterosuperior quadrant of the metaphysis without any variations in the location with increasing age (P > .1). However, with increasing age, there was a reduction in all metaphyseal fossa measurements including the depth, length, width, and surface area (P < .01). No significant differences were noted for the metaphyseal fossa measurements between males and females (P > .1). The metaphyseal fossa reduces in size from 8 to 15 years of age in a similar fashion in males and females. As the metaphyseal fossa adjacent to the tubercle matches the area where a focal radiolucency has been observed in early slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), further studies should clarify the mechanisms by which the interlocking interaction of the epiphyseal tubercle and its fossa contributes to or is affected by SCFE.
Land use drives nitrous oxide dynamics in estuaries on regional and global scales
Authors: Reading Michael J. , Tait Douglas R. , Maher Damien T. , Jeffrey Luke C. , Looman Arun , Holloway Ceylena , Shishaye Haile A. , Barron Summer , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUrban and agricultural development of coastal catchments is known to increase dissolved nitrogen inputs into estuaries; however, much less is known about how land use influences the production of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, we assess dissolved N2O dynamics in four nearby estuaries across a regional land use gradient and summarize the literature to put the observations into global perspective. During summer dry conditions, N2O saturation ranged from 131.4% ± 45.0% in the most pristine system (28% modified) to 198.6% ± 52.3% within the most modified urban system (91% modified). The N2O saturation in the wetter winter campaign was higher and more variable than the summer dry campaign (range 84.7–677.7%) likely due to direct transport of N2O into the estuaries from catchment runoff and/or produced through denitrification fueled by high nitrate inputs. During both seasons, N2O was lowest in areas adjacent to fringing mangroves and highest in upstream fresh/saltwater mixing areas. Coupling our results with previously published N2O data from 50 estuarine systems worldwide revealed that estuarine N2O increases concomitantly with catchment modification, dissolved inorganic nitrogen availability, and decreasing oxygen concentrations. Based on these results, a 1% increase in anthropogenic modification to global catchments (i.e., agricultural development and/or urbanization) may increase estuarine N2O saturation by 2.6% ± 1.2%. These findings indicate that future estuarine N2O emissions are likely to increase as anthropogenic modification of coastal catchments intensifies.
The interaction of physical and biological factors drives phytoplankton spatial distribution in the northern California Current
Authors: Krause Jeffrey W. , Brzezinski Mark A. , Largier John L. , McNair Heather M. , Maniscalco Michael , Bidle Kay D. , Allen Andrew E. , Thamatrakoln Kimberlee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransitions in phytoplankton community composition are typically attributed to ecological succession even in physically dynamic upwelling systems like the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). An expected succession from a high‐chlorophyll (~ 10 μg L−1) diatom‐dominated assemblage to a low‐chlorophyll (< 1.0 μg L−1) non‐diatom dominated assemblage was observed during a 2013 summer upwelling event in the CCE. Using an interdisciplinary field‐based space‐for‐time approach leveraging both biogeochemical rate measurements and metatranscriptomics, we suggest that this successional pattern was driven primarily by physical processes. An annually recurring mesoscale eddy‐like feature transported significant quantities of high‐phytoplankton‐biomass coastal water offshore. Chlorophyll was diluted during transport, but diatom contributions to phytoplankton biomass and activity (49–62% observed) did not decline to the extent predicted by dilution (18–24% predicted). Under the space‐for‐time assumption, these trends infer diatom biomass and activity and were stimulated during transport. This is hypothesized to result from decreased contact rates with mortality agents (e.g., viruses) and release from nutrient limitation (confirmed by rate data nearshore), as predicted by the Disturbance‐Recovery hypothesis of phytoplankton bloom formation. Thus, the end point taxonomic composition and activity of the phytoplankton assemblage being transported by the eddy‐like feature were driven by physical processes (mixing) affecting physiological (release from nutrient limitation, increased growth) and ecological (reduced mortality) factors that favored the persistence of the nearshore diatoms during transit. The observed connection between high‐diatom‐biomass coastal waters and non‐diatom‐dominated offshore waters supports the proposed mechanisms for this recurring eddy‐like feature moving seed populations of coastal phytoplankton offshore and thereby sustaining their activity.
Effect of Mesh Size on Microscreen Filtration Combined with Foam Fractionation for Solids Removal in Recirculating Aquacultural Seawater
Authors: Ji Mingdong , Li Haijun , Li Jianping , Ye Zhangying , Zhu Songming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Microscreen filtration and foam fractionation have been considered as effective solids removal technologies in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). To figure out the appropriate mesh size for highly efficient solids removal and management, this study investigated the effects of different mesh sizes (120, 90, 60, and 40 μm) on a combination treatment of solids filtration and fractionation removal in RAS for grouper. The experimental results showed that filtration and total removal efficiency increased with the decrease of mesh size on the whole; however, the produced fine particles (&lt;20 μm) increased simultaneously due to the breakup of relatively large particles caused by filtration. Although the best total removal efficiency was 32.33%, obtained with mesh size 40 μm, it was accompanied with a serious particle breakup. We suggest that the large amounts of fine particles are a big risk. Therefore, 60-μm mesh was better in terms of solids removal efficiency and fine particles management. The effect of mesh size on microscreen filtration was undoubted, while the indirect effect on foam fractionation was negligible. However, fractionation could be effective for removing partial fine particles and its efficiency was quite close to that of filtration. Foam fractionation is thus recognized as an essential treatment in marine RAS.
Liraglutide 3.0 mg and Intensive Behavioral Therapy (IBT) for Obesity in Primary Care: The SCALE IBT Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wadden Thomas A. , Tronieri Jena Shaw , Sugimoto Danny , Lund Michael Taulo , Auerbach Pernille , Jensen Camilla , Rubino Domenica 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown additive weight loss when intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) was combined with weight‐loss medication. The present multisite study provides the first evaluation, in primary care, of the effect of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services–based IBT benefit, delivered alone (with placebo) or in combination with liraglutide 3.0 mg.MethodsThe Satiety and Clinical Adiposity—Liraglutide Evidence in individuals with and without diabetes (SCALE) IBT was a 56‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial in individuals with obesity who received liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 142) or placebo (n = 140) as an adjunct to IBT.ResultsAt week 56, mean weight loss with liraglutide 3.0 mg plus IBT was 7.5% and 4.0% with placebo combined with IBT (estimated treatment difference [95% CI]–3.4% [–5.3% to –1.6%], P = 0.0003). Significantly more individuals on liraglutide 3.0 mg than placebo achieved ≥ 5% weight loss (61.5% vs. 38.8%; odds ratio [OR] 2.5% [1.5% to 4.1%], P = 0.0003), > 10% weight loss (30.5% vs. 19.8%; OR 1.8% [1.0% to 3.1%], P = 0.0469), and > 15% weight loss (18.1% vs. 8.9%; OR 2.3% [1.1% to 4.7%], P = 0.0311). Liraglutide 3.0 mg in combination with IBT was well tolerated, with no new safety signals identified.ConclusionsIn a primary care setting, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services–based IBT produced clinically meaningful weight loss at 56 weeks, enhanced by the addition of liraglutide 3.0 mg.
Unicentric Castleman disease and lymphoepithelial cyst of the parotid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Reny Danielle , Dalal Sharvari , Jhala Darshana , Mirza Natasha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesPresent the first reported case of unicentric Castleman disease and lymphoepithelial cyst of the parotid in an HIV‐negative adult.MethodsRetrospective case presentation.ResultsCastleman disease is an uncommon disorder of benign hypervascular lymphoid hyperplasia with an estimated incidence rate of 15.9‐19.1 cases per million person‐years (Leukemia & Lymphoma, 56, 2015: 1252). Parotid involvement is extremely rare, with less than 30 cases reported in the literature (Case Reports in Otolaryngology, 2015, 2015: 1). Benign lymphoepithelial cysts (BLECs) are another rare parotid lesion presenting most commonly in HIV‐positive patients. Here we present the case of a 42‐year‐old HIV‐negative male who presented with 3 cm parotid mass. The patient underwent superficial parotidectomy with final pathology demonstrating BLEC with the hyaline‐vascular subtype of Castleman disease. The patient has had no recurrence of symptoms in a 3‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe practitioner should consider unicentric Castleman disease and BLEC in HIV‐negative patients presenting with a new head and neck mass.
The role of winding pattern on filament wound composite cylinders under radial compression
Authors: Lisbôa Tales V. , Almeida José Humberto S. , Dalibor Ingo H. , Spickenheuer Axel , Marczak Rogério J. , Amico Sandro C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFilament wound (FW) structures present a geometric characteristic in their helical layers: the winding pattern. The pattern, however, is usually disregarded in conventional experimental or numerical approaches even though it can affect the behavior of FW structures, and most studies that account for the pattern are only theoretical. This study aims at deepening the understanding of pattern effects via a comprehensive experimental campaign focusing on composites cylinders under radial compression. Ten winding patterns were considered, from 1 to 10 units along the circumferential direction. Strength, stiffness, absorbed energy and failure mechanisms were evaluated. The results show that the pattern may have a strong influence on both maximum bearing load and absorbed energy, whereas stiffness is less affected.