bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disintegration Markers of Genre and Style System in Literature of the 2nd Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Nalyvaiko Dmytro 
Published: November 2019

The article focuses on the transformation processes that took place in literature at the level of its genre and style typology. In the 2nd half of the 20th century certain genres and types of writing acquired meanings and functions of styles. It could be one of the most widespread or even dominant genres (for example, ‘new novel’), a type of ﬁction (modern ‘literature of fact’), a genre of literature at the border with other kinds of spiritual and creative activity (essay, biography, etc.). The functioning in a literary process made them close to styles and literary trends and changed their basic code. Usually they acted as dominant ramiﬁed genres or types of writing subordinating other (marginal) genre forms.
A paradigmatic feature of a ‘new novel’ is convergence of literature and science, writers and scientists. Due to scientiﬁc and technical revolution the criterion of accuracy and appreciation of real fact and document took an important place in a writer’s conscience. The ‘aesthetics of fact’, formed on this ground, gave a basis for the non-ﬁctional genres in the 20th-century literature. The use of ready ‘blocks of life’ in the non-ﬁction of the 2nd half of the 20th century is tightly connected to acute conceptuality and often to apparent journalism. The writer’s imagination was focused on revealing semantic and artistic potential of the real facts.
The intellectual prose, dramaturgy and partly poetry were full of genres and genre varieties with strict semantic and imaginative structure, aimed to express certain generalizations and actual world view ideas. These are novels-parables, novels-allegories, novels-symbols, and others like that. The theme and motive construct, especially in its mental and epistemological aspect, became frequent in a lyrical poetry. It was the way of forming the metagenre concepts of philosophical and meditative lyrical poetry, as well as, in particular, metaphysical, prophetical, suggestive, intimate, social, and journalistic one, with their inherent main codes.
The process of leveling and destructing the traditional genres, styles, and their systems in postmodernism, as well as recombining their components, resulted in emergence of numerous hybrid forms. The ratio of original and repetitive or paraphrased material in the literary works began to change.
From History of Studying and Honoring Shevchenko in Bukovynian Hutsulshchyna
Authors: Melenchuk Olha 
Published: November 2019

The paper informs about the cultural contribution of Chernivtsi University graduates, former S. Smal-Stotskyі’s students D. Lukiianovych, I. Doshchivnyk, S. Lakusta, and M. Pavlusevych, whose creative work and pedagogical activity played an important role in promoting and exploring the works by T. Shevchenko in the territories of Bukovyna. Focusing on Vyzhnytsia center, the paper clariﬁes fundamental views of the mentioned persons, their assessments of the poet’s works and main relevant ideas. The author evaluates critical writings and literary works of the Bukovynians in relation to the development of Shevchenko studies and promotion of his legacy.
At the late 19th and early 20th century none of the Ukrainian universities focused on Shevchenko’s works more than Chernivtsi University. Hnat Onyshkevych initiated a series of lectures on the study of T. Shevchenko’s poetic works. His project was continued by professor S. Smal-Stotskyi, who offered the course “Taras Shevchenko. Life and Works” and held a series of seminars on the theme “Shevchenko’s Poetry” at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who studied at the Philosophical Faculty of Chernivtsi University picked up the teachings of Professor S. Smal-Stotskyі and showed unceasing interest in the works by T. Shevchenko. In the conditions of the national cultural revival, Shevchenko’s poems were especially signiﬁcant; the poet’s crystallized ideas passed from teacher to student and played an important role in forming a new generation of conscious Ukrainians who were concerned about the future of their country. There were two circles (Kitsman-Kolomyia and Vyzhnytsia) in Bukovyna where researchers and promoters of T. Shevchenko’s works made the poet’s legacy actual and contributed to Shevchenko studies. The paper summarizes the achievements of the Vyzhnytsia center representatives.
Musical Code of Samuel Beckett’s Novel “Murphy”
Authors: Senchuk Iryna 
Published: November 2019

The paper explores the ways in which music manifests itself on lexical-semantic, structural and rhythmic-syntactic levels of the novel “Murphy” (1938) by Samuel Beckett, whose Anglo- and Francophone writing is an attempt to synthesize prose and music. Beckett’s aesthetic ideas, his understanding of the expressivity of word and music were considerably inﬂuenced by Wittgenstein’s philosophy of linguistic skepticism and Schopenhauer’s vision of music as the only way of expressing the essence of the world.
In his work, not only does Beckett combine the two forms of art through allusions and references, phonetic sound imitation or modeling of particular musical forms, but also makes an attempt to use the imagery of music and its ability to directly express feelings and thoughts, focusing on ‘semantic possibilities’ of music as a metaphor. Being sensitive to the sounding qualities of phrases in his works, Beckett perceived any sounds, even human ones, as music. He saturates the novel “Murphy” with auditory memories, rising and falling sounds, rhythms, melodies and musical categories, which enhance its musical effect. The diversity of musicality in Beckettian text is also manifested in the rhythmic organization, the presence of leitmotifs, and extensive use of verbal and structural repetitions.
Therefore, Beckett’s method in “Murphy” involves using devices of musical expressiveness, as well as transforming the musical categories into metaphors of different experiences. Simultaneously, the rhythm of repetitions makes the emotional tonality of the work more distinct and creates the effect of intense movement of the consciousness.
Spiritual Song in Ukrainian Folklore Milieu
Authors: Syroid Olena 
Published: November 2019

The paper outlines the original phenomenon of a spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition, determines characteristic features of these texts and their functions. Besides, the author focuses on some special research issues concerning the folklore religious repertoire, ﬁrst of all, the speciﬁcity of the relationship between spiritual and secular epic songs.
The spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition is a large group of poetical and musical works, united primarily by the religious Christian themes and endowed with the ability to acquire special spiritual meaning in the life of a believer, exercise an important function of satisfying his/her spiritual religious needs. Another deﬁning feature of these songs is a lack of clear attachment to a certain rite, time, occasion. An episodic attachment of individual texts to the rite only reveals their multifunctionality, since, as a rule, the same work may be used in various rituals, appear in the repertoire of professional singers, and perform some other functions simultaneously. Essential for the differentiation of the spiritual song phenomenon in the folklore milieu is the fact of distinguishing this group of works and perceiving it as integrity by the bearers of tradition themselves until now. They use special folk concepts for its designation (‘God’s songs’, ‘psalms’). At the same time, this large stratum of folk repertoire is divided into two sub-groups, namely folklorized songs of book origin and those of folk origin. Thus, the phenomenon of a spiritual song in the Ukrainian oral tradition is characterized by a rich variety of texts in terms of character, time of emergence, nature, form, style, and genre features.
The practice of perception, recording, and comprehension of spiritual songs has developed certain concepts and approaches. The present paper offers an attempt to systematize the previous experience and distinguish the problems that were raised in the works by various researchers and remained topical, often lacking a proper resolution. Attention to the system of the research approaches gives a guideline to the author and forms a sense of the continuing tradition.
PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVANOID DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FORMULA SERBUK MINUMAN INSTAN EKSTRAK BELIMBING MANIS (Averrhoa carambola L.)
Authors: Oktaviani Emy 
Published: November 2019

Buah belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L.) adalah buah tropis yang mengandung senyawa antioksidan tinggi. Buah belimbing biasa dikonsumsi langsung ataupun dijadikan berbagai olahan agar dapat disimpan lebih lama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat formulasi serbuk minuman instan ekstrak belimbing manis dengan penambahan asam sitrat pada tiga konsentrasi berbeda serta mengukur kandungan flavonoid, vitamin C dan kapasitas antioksidan dari minuman serbuk minuman instan tersebut. Konsentrasi asam sitrat yang digunakan adalah 0,5% (formula 1), 0,75% (formula 2) dan 1% (formula 3). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa formula 2 menghasilkan serbuk instant dengan rasa paling disukai panelis berdasarkan pengukuran parameter warna, aroma, dan rasa. Hasil uji kandungan kimia dan aktifitas biologis menunjukan bahwa produk serbuk minuman instan ekstrak kering belimbing manis formula 2 memiliki kadar flavonoid 4,50%, vitamin C 0,12% dan kapasitas antioksidan 136,875 mg SAG/g serbuk. Data ini menunjukan bahwa serbuk minuman instant buah belimbing manis berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai minuman kesehatan berkadar antioksidan tinggi.
AKTIFITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR EKSTRAK AIR HERBA PEGAGAN DAUN KECIL (Centella asiatica L. Urb.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN Sprague Dawley L. YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN PARASETAMOL
Authors: Wiendarlina Ike Yulia , Rahminiwati Min , Gumelar Fajar Triansyah 
Published: November 2019

Hepatoprotektor merupakan senyawa yang dapat mencegah dan memperbaiki sel hati yang rusak akibat metabolism senyawa toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hepatoprotektor dan dosis efektif dari ekstrak air herba pegagan daun kecil (Centella asiatica L. Urb) terhadap tikus putih jantan Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi dengan parasetamol. Tikus putih jantan galur Sprague Dawley L. yang digunakan berumur 3-4 bulan dengan bobot 180 g – 220 g. Tikus diinduksi parasetamol dengan dosis 180 mg/200 g BB untuk menaikan kadar SGPT (Serum Glutamat Piruvat Transaminase). Selanjutnya tikus diberi perlakuan ekstrak herba pegagan dan diukur penurunan kadar SGPT selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya aktivitas hepatoprotektor pada ekstrak air herba pegagan dengan persentase penurunan kadar SGPT pada dosis 50 mg/200 g BB, dosis 25 mg/200 g BB, dosis 12,5 mg/200 g BB dan dosis 6,25 mg/200 g BB masing-masing sebesar 77,81%, 38,46%, 79,95% dan 55,20%. Berdasarkan penurunan kadar SGPT dan hasil histopatologi jaringan hati, ekstrak pegagan dosis 12,25 mg/200 g BB merupakan dosis paling efektif untuk menurunkan kadar SGPT pada tikus uji.
MODE IKATAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER DI TANAMAN AKAR KUNING (Arcangelisia flava L.) DENGAN NITRAT OKSIDA SINTASE
Authors: Kolina Jennifer , Sumiwi Sri Adi , Levita Jutti 
Published: November 2019

Inflamasi dapat menginduksi NOS (nitrat oksida sintase), yaitu enzim pengkatalisis pembentukan NO (nitrat oksida) berlebih sebagai pro-inflamasi. Akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava. L) banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Asia Tenggara, baik sebagai obat luar maupun obat dalam. Senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam A. flava antara lain saponin, flavonoid dan tanin. Akar tanaman ini juga mengandung glikosida dan alkaloid, terutama golongan isokuinolin, yaitu berberin, jatrorizin dan palmatin. Terdapat juga beberapa alkaloid minor seperti kolumbamin, dehidrokoridalmin, homoaromolin dan talifendin, serta diterpen fibraleusin. Fibraurin berpontensi sebagai anti-bakteri, anti-tumor, dan anti-inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah mode ikatan senyawa-senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam A. flava terhadap enzim NOS dengan metode penambatan molekuler menggunakan perangkat lunak AutoDock. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berberin, daidzein, dehidrokorildamin, epikatekhin, hidroksiekdison, jatrorizin, kaempferol, piknarin, kuersetin, dan talifendin dapat berinteraksi dengan enzim NOS pada kantung aktif melalui pembentukan ikatan hidrogen dengan residu asam amino Glu377. Senyawa lainnya berinteraksi dengan residu asam amino tidak spesifik. Tidak ditemukan interaksi dengan Tyr347 pada semua senyawa. Hanya satu senyawa yang tidak membentuk interaksi dengan enzim NOS yaitu fibraurin.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora Pierre) DARI BOGOR, BANDUNG DAN GARUT DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
Authors: Wigati Evi Indah , Pratiwi Esti , Nissa Trisni Fatwatun , Utami Novi Fajar 
Published: November 2019

Kopi robusta mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, kafein dan fenol. Senyawa fenol pada kopi memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Biji kopi robusta yang ditanam di daerah Bandung, Bogor dan Garut, Jawa Barat dikenal memiliki ciri dan citarasa berbeda yang khas dan unik. Perbedaan jumlah kandungan senyawa kimia dari suatu tumbuhan disebabkan oleh perbedaan agroekologi (iklim dan ketinggian tempat). Daerah Pangalengan (Bandung) memiliki ketinggian 817 mdpl, Cariu (Bogor) memiliki ketinggian 680 mdpl dan Cikeris (Garut) memiliki ketinggian 900 mdpl. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan karakteristik fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada biji kopi robusta roasting yang ditanam di ketiga daerah tersebut. Karakteristik fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil uji karakteristik fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji kopi robusta Bandung, Bogor dan Garut mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin dan tanin. Ekstrak kopi robusta Bandung, Bogor dan Garut menunjukkan aktifitas antioksidan yang berbeda nyata berdasarkan hasil uji statistik analisis variansi dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing dicapai pada konsentrasi 55,13 ppm, 56,48 ppm, dan 54,14 ppm. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kopi robusta dari Garut memiliki kadar antioksidan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktifitas antioksidan dari kopi robusta Bandung dan Bogor.
KADAR SAPONIN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli DAN Candida albicans
Authors: Mahyuni Siti , Sofihidayati Trirakhma 
Published: November 2019

Tanaman Filicium decipiens atau kiara sabun dikenal sebagai tanaman penghasil saponin yang merupakan golongan metabolit sekunder dengan toksisitas tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur kadar saponin dan menguji aktifitas antibakteri serta anti jamur dari ekstrak daun F. decipiens. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi daun segar dan daun kering F. decipiens menggunakan metode soxhlet dengan defatisasi, pengukuran kadar saponin, pengujian aktifitas ekstrak (konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan jamur Candida albicans dengan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer dan penentuan nilai lebar daerah hambat (LDH) dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daun kiara payung memiliki kadar sapaonin cukup tinggi yaitu 125 mg/g (12.5%) pada daun segar dan 97 mg/g (9.7 %) dan pada daun kering. Ekstrak methanol kiara payung pada konsentrasi 80% juga menunjukkan aktifitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dengan diameter LDH mencapai 22.6 mm pada ekstrak daun segar dan 22 mm pada ekstrak daun kering. Konsentrasi hambat minimum baik pada ekstrak daun segar maupun ekstrak daun kering adalah 14%. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kiara payung memiliki kadar saponin yang cukup tinggi dan aktifitas antibakteri yang kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk diteliti dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan antibiotik alami.
EFEKTIVITAS JUS TOMAT DALAM MENGURANGI KELELAHAN PASCA OLAHRAGA - MINI REVIEW
Authors: Herlina Nina 
Published: November 2019

Olahraga teratur adalah cara yang baik untuk menjadikan tubuh agar tetap sehat dan bugar. Banyak penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa olahraga secara konsisten dapat meningkatkan fungsi fisik dan mengurangi risiko terkena berbagai jenis penyakit. Akan tetapi, sebagian besar orang tidak menjadikan olahraga sebagai suatu kebiasaan. Alasan terbesar tampaknya adalah ketidaknyamanan otot dan kelelahan yang dirasakan selama latihan serta nyeri pasca-olahraga. Jika kelelahan otot bisa berkurang, diharapkan akan lebih banyak orang akan berkomitmen untuk mengikuti program latihan secara teratur. Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) adalah salah satu sayuran yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia dan mengandung banyak komponen bermanfaat, termasuk gula, asam amino, mineral, vitamin, karotenoid seperti likopen, flavonoid, dan asam hidroksinamat. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan kemampuan tomat untuk mengurangi efek kelelahan pasca latian fisik baik pada hewan percobaan maupun pada manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengulas literatur mengenai kandungan kimia, dan efektivitas tomat dalam mengurangi kelelahan pasca olahraga melalui. Ulasan ini diharapkan bisa memberikan bibliografi yang berguna untuk penyelidikan lebih lanjut, produksi maupun aplikasi tomat sebagai suplemen makanan saat olahraga.
MANAJEMEN PENGEMBANGAN USAHA EKONOMI PESANTREN
Authors: Syafi'i Imam , Wisri Wisri 
Published: November 2019

The Successful economic of management business development has some factors that can support to organizing and controlling in economic business of Boarding Institutions Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo. Researcher can find these from two operational methods, such as the study design and qualitative approach who has a role of key instrument. To get validity obtainded data, researcher used triangulation method by several steps.
Such as data analysis, researcher known that economic management of business development in Boarding Institutions Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo of Situbondo has some steps which are the organization that coordinating by an institution named Badan Usaha Milik Pesantren and the controlling one that held by the institution named Badan Pengawas Keuangan & Kekayaan Ma’had. Human Resources have an important thing to reach the successful of these situation. Based on the result of research, researcher can be gave the suggestion that we must increase the management system and controlling with professional act, autonomy expansion in management system, and providing training with brings someone experts from outside who are competent in the business world.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RGEC
Authors: Khairuddin A. , Achmad Achmad 
Published: November 2019

One of the quality management concepts that can be applied in pesantren is total quality service (TQS). Total Quality Service is a modern management concept of study that focuses of five areas, 1) customer focus, 2) total involvement, 3) measurement, 4) systematic support, and 5) connous improvement.
Pesantren education institute is said quality meaning refers on resulting product quality by pesantren, one that covers; a lot of students have achievement well at academic area and also at non academic, mark sense good lead support among pesantren “its customer”, output and outcame pesantren corresponds to expectation, and is still a lot of again. Pesantren education quality in this perspective can also be seen of two things, which are points on education process and education result. Process quality education pointed out by components exhaustive involvement pesantren in education activity. Education result can be seen of insofar which pesantren grad have been interesting and personality corresponds to pesantren vision and mission
DAKWAH PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM MINORITAS
Authors: Wibawa Kautsar 
Published: November 2019

While the obstacles in preaching of Muslim community Karangasem Bali are:The first, the Muslim community at Karangasem of Bali has been a middle to lower economic level then they prefer to work more than follow the activities of da'wah. The secondly, the existence of Muslim communities in Hindu-majority circles, inevitably they have to interact with Hindus, so is not little, Muslims are easily affected by the existing social circumstances. The solution of these barriers are: First, invite the Muslim entrepreneurs to build the economy of the people by making social institutions or Amil Zakat, to be managed and developed for the welfare of the people. Secondly, to invite Muslims don not to be easily influenced by the environment, remain respectful and respectful with Hindus.
INTERAKSI POLITIK ANTARA MUSLIM DAN NON MUSLIM MENURUT IBNU QOYYIM DAN FAHMI HUWAIDI
Authors: Sukandi Sukandi 
Published: November 2019

This research is intended to reveal the political relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims. According to the worldview, the political interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims are only warfare is not peaceful. Those matter because the world has seen Islam from one aspect. The study found that in politics Islam who has two interactions. The first interaction is the political interaction is revealed by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah and the second interaction was the political interaction is expressed by Fahmi Huwaidi.
ETIKA POLITIK RAKYAT DAN PEMERINTAH PERSPEKTIF FIQH
Authors: Muzakki Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Politics is a means to bring goodness and refuse damag but some unethical behavior of politicians who tend to justify any means of obtaining and sustaining power have shaped the bad stigma among society that politics is closely related to lies,tyranny and corruption. So as if there are a thick wall that became the separator between ethics and politics.Therefore, need to reaffirm the Islamic concept of political ethics of government and society in reviewing political ethics in this paper. The author did the study on the thought santri Ma`had Aly PP . Salafiyah Syafi`iyyah Sukorejo of Situbondo written in the book Fiqh Progressive. After the discussion was found that in the view of Santri Mahad Aly, a leader should always prioritize the importance of people, make a policy that leads to justice and benefit, did not anarchic to the people and must be mandate in maintaining people's trust and in using state facilities. While the people's political ethics must support and select leaders based on quality, capability, and justice, was not because of money. When leaders make mistakes so the people must submit a polite and constructive criticism.
HAKIKAT WUJUD: SEBUAH KLASIFIKASI
Authors: Khatimah Husnul 
Published: November 2019

When traced by human thoughts, everyone agree that everything that exists do not exist by itself, except for a small part which according to reason, may exist without going through intermediaries. Therefore, any original object that can be transformed into various forms, become these origins have special traits and characteristics, and can be changed to another form. For example water. Water rises into the air into clouds then drops to rain, and winter to snow that is at a time becomes gas. Al-shahrastani said that in the opinion of "Anaxagoras" the origins of the body are the subtle dhat. Are the human senses and the intellect can not reach, from the dhat arises the upper and lower realms composed of the very simple dhat that make up the various forms. Unlike the exposure of Al-Ghazali that form is classified into four gradual categories: the true or dhati, the form in the mental subject, the form in the oral, and the form in writing. While the actual being is already there in concrete, real, which in the end is called necessitas, mandatory al-wujud and also potential form is something that still exist in the concept of ideas and ready to be concrete that known space and time.