bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Interactions of γ‐Alumina with Water via Multinuclear Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Shen Li , Wang Yang , Du Jia‐Huan , Chen Kuizhi , Lin Zhiye , Wen Yujie , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Peng Luming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInteractions of γ‐alumina with water are important in controlling its structure and catalytic properties. We apply solid‐state multinuclear NMR spectroscopy to investigate these interactions by monitoring 1H and 17O spectra in real‐time. Surface‐selective detection is made possible by adsorbing 17O‐enriched water on γ‐alumina nanorods. Structural evolution on the surface was selectively probed by 1H/17O double resonance NMR and 27Al NMR at ultrahigh 35.2 T magnetic field. Formation of hydroxyl species on the surface of nanorods is rapid upon the exposure of water, which involves low coordinated aluminum ions with doubly bridging and isolated hydroxyl species being generated first. Fast exchange occurs between oxygen atoms in the water molecules and bare surface sites, indicating high reactivity of these oxygen species. These results provide new insights into the structure and dynamics on the surface of γ‐alumina and the methods applied here can be extended to study the interaction of other oxides with water.
Effect of Cp‐Ligand Methylation on Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulations of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Alkynes: Synthesis of Isocoumarins and PAHs for Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Molotkov Alexander P. , Arsenov Mikhail A. , Kapustin Daniil A. , Muratov Dmitry V. , Shepel' Nikolay E. , Fedorov Yury V. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Knyazeva Elena I. , Lypenko Dmitry A. , Dmitriev Artem V. , Aleksandrov Alexey E. , Maltsev Eugeny I. , Loginov Dmitry A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient protocol was developed for the synthesis of π‐extended isocoumarins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the oxidative coupling of aromatic carboxylic acids with internal alkynes catalyzed by (cyclopentadienyl)rhodium complexes. The coupling chemoselectivity strongly depends on whether Cp or the methylated Cp* ligands are used. The pentamethyl derivative [Cp*RhCl2]2 predominantly gives isocoumarins, while the non‐methylated complex [CpRhI2]n produces naphthalene derivatives. The polyaromatic carboxylic acids (such as 1‐naphthoic acid, 1‐pyrenecarboxylic acid, fluorene‐1‐carboxylic acid, and dibenzofuran‐4‐carboxylic acid) are suitable for this approach. A mixture of Cp*H/RhCl3 can be used as a catalyst instead of [Cp*RhCl2]2. The structures of 3,4‐diphenylindeno[1,2‐h]isochromen‐1(11H)‐one and 7,10‐dimethyl‐8,9‐diphenylbenzo[pqr]tetraphene were determined by X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the optical properties of the prepared compounds were studied. 7,8‐Diphenyl‐10H‐phenaleno[1,9‐gh]isochromen‐10‐one was employed as an emissive layer for OLED manufacturing. The OLED emits yellow‐green light with a maximum intensity 1740 cd ⋅ m−2 at 15 V.
Assaying Fear Memory Discrimination and Generalization: Methods and Concepts
Authors: Bergstrom Hadley C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGeneralization describes the transfer of conditioned responding to stimuli that perceptually differ from the original conditioned stimulus. One arena in which discriminant and generalized responding is of particular relevance is when stimuli signal the potential for harm. Aversive (fear) conditioning is a leading behavioral model for studying associative learning and memory processes related to threatening stimuli. This article describes a step‐by‐step protocol for studying discrimination and generalization using cued fear conditioning in rodents. Alternate conditioning paradigms, including context generalization, differential generalization, discrimination training, and safety learning, are also described. The protocol contains instructions for constructing a cued fear memory generalization gradient and methods for isolating discrete cued‐from‐context cued conditioned responses (i.e., “the baseline issue”). The preclinical study of generalization is highly pertinent in the context of fear learning and memory because a lack of fear discrimination (overgeneralization) likely contributes to the etiology of anxiety‐related disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Tone cued fear generalization gradientBasic Protocol 2: Quantification of freezingSupport Protocol: Alternate conditioning paradigms
Synthesis and Self‐Aggregation of Chlorophyll‐a Derivatives with Ethynylene and Phenylene Groups Inserted Between the Hydroxymethyl Group and the Chlorin π‐Skeleton
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChlorophyll(Chl)‐a derivatives containing some rigid linkers in the C3‐substituent, inserted between a hydroxymethyl group and a zinc 131‐oxo‐chlorin moiety, were synthesized as models of bacteriochlorophyll‐c/d/e molecules in the main light‐harvesting antennae (chlorosomes) of photosynthetic green bacteria. These model compounds were synthesized from a C3‐ethynylated Chl‐a derivative via several coupling reactions, and the lengths of the linkers were controlled by ethynylene and p‐phenylene groups. In less polar organic solvents or an aqueous micellar solution, some derivatives self‐aggregated in a J‐type fashion similar to that observed in natural chlorosomes, which was confirmed with UV/Vis absorption and CD spectroscopies. Their self‐aggregation abilities were dependent on the length of the inserted linkers and the conformation of the propargylic/benzylic alcoholic hydroxy groups.
A Comparative Investigation of the Role of the Anchoring Group on Perylene Monoimide Dyes in NiO‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Farré Yoann , Maschietto Federica , Föhlinger Jens , Wykes Mike , Planchat Aurélien , Pellegrin Yann , Blart Errol , Ciofini Ilaria , Hammarström Leif , Odobel Fabrice 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe anchoring group of a sensitizer may strongly affect the overall properties and stability of the resulting dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye‐sensitized photoelectrosynthetic solar cells (DSPECs). The properties of seven perylene monoimide (PMI) dyes have been comprehensively studied for their immobilization on nanocrystalline NiO film. The PMI dyes differ only by the nature of the anchoring group, which are: carboxylic acid (PMI‐CO2H), phosphonic acid (PMI‐PO3H2), acetyl acetone (PMI‐acac), pyridine (PMI‐Py), aniline (PMI‐NH2), hydroxyquinoline (PMI‐HQ), and dipicolinic acid (PMI‐DPA). The dyes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry and modeled by TD‐DFT quantum chemical calculations. The mode of binding of these anchoring groups is investigated by infrared spectroscopy and the stability of the binding to NiO surface is studied by desorption experiments in acidic and basic media. The phosphonic acid group is found to offer the strongest binding to the NiO surface in terms of stability and dye loading. Finally, a photophysical study by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy shows that all dyes inject a hole in NiO with rate constants on a subpicosecond timescale and display similar charge recombination kinetics. The photovoltaic properties of the dyes show that PMI‐HQ and PMI‐acac give the highest photovoltaic performances, owing to a lower degree of aggregation on the surface.
Single switch quadratic boost converter with continuous input current for high voltage applications
Authors: Mirzaee Afshin , Arab Ansari Sajad , Shokrollahi Moghani Javad 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a novel non‐isolated very high step‐up DC‐DC converter is presented. The introduced converter benefits from various advantages, namely, very high voltage gain, low voltage stress on the active switch, and continuous input current with low ripple. Therefore, the presented converter is suitable for renewable energy applications. In addition, the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is successfully recovered, and the voltage spike of the active switch is clamped during the turn‐off process. Hence, a switch with low
can be used, which decreases the conduction losses as well as cost of the converter. Furthermore, the voltage stress of the output diode is decreased, which reduces the reverse recovery problem. The steady‐state analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated with the experimental results at an output power of 150 W.
Learning progression in the humanities: identifying tensions in articulating progression in humanities in Wales
Authors: Hughes Sioned , Makara Kara , Stacey Dave 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe paper explores tensions in the articulation of progression in learning across the Humanities disciplines. Informed by our review of research in the Humanities disciplines, international curricula on progression in these areas and reflections from professional activity within the newly defined Humanities ‘Area of Learning and Experience’ in the new Welsh curriculum, this paper describes how learning progression in Humanities has been conceptualised within the new curriculum and then delineates and critically reviews four challenges that emerged when identifying and describing the progression in learning in the new Humanities curriculum. Tensions include the relationship between disciplines; the balance between knowledge, skills and values; the differences between underlying models of progression in Humanities; and balancing the complexity of learning with practical considerations for a national curriculum. Underpinned by the Integrity Model of Change, this paper makes a contribution, through providing new insights on broad aspects of learning progression in Humanities and highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of taking particular decisions within each of these four tensions. Implications for curriculum planning and future research are offered, including the fundamental role of professional learning in curriculum development and enactment.
High‐resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Triassic Sunset Prairie Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, north‐eastern British Columbia
Authors: Furlong Carolyn M. , Gingras Murray K. , Zonneveld John‐Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Middle Triassic Sunset Prairie Formation has been recently identified between the Lower Triassic Montney Formation and the Middle Triassic Doig Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Due to its recent recognition, the Sunset Prairie Formation has yet to be incorporated into sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the Triassic. Through the investigation of 25 cored wells, facies characteristics, vertical facies stacking and lateral facies distributions have been identified and described. Sequence stratigraphic surfaces were identified in core and extrapolated to geophysical wireline log signatures of 248 wells within the basin. The Sunset Prairie Formation can be divided into three, upward‐coarsening parasequences that exhibit a retrogradational stacking pattern. All parasequences of the Sunset Prairie Formation are truncated at their tops by the Doig phosphate zone. The Sunset Prairie Formation truncates the underlying Montney Formation, suggesting that the stratigraphic interval is unconformity bound by sequence boundaries and their correlative conformities. The addition of the Sunset Prairie Formation reveals a discrete sequence of transgressive deposits previously unaccounted for within the Triassic sequence stratigraphic framework of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
Antidoping: From health tests to the athlete biological passport
Authors: Saugy Martial , Leuenberger Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe athlete biological passport (ABP) was implemented by the International Cycling Union (UCI) in 2008. However, this improvement in the fight against doping was preceded with different milestones since 1996. In this paper, a detailed evolution of the ABP from traditional direct (urine) testing for antidoping purposes is presented. A chronological overview of the ABP including earlier non‐disclosed information and contemporary documentation are shown and documented. The strategic development from on‐site competition blood testing, called “health tests”, to the structure of the ABP is explained in this historical overview which provides information to the antidoping community and general public regarding the beginning of blood doping tests.
From refugia to contact: Pine processionary moth hybrid zone in a complex biogeographic setting
Authors: İpekdal Kahraman , Burban Christian , Sauné Laure , Battisti Andrea , Kerdelhué Carole 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContact zones occur at the crossroad between specific dispersal routes and are facilitated by biogeographic discontinuities. Here, we focused on two Lepidoptera sister species that come in contact near the Turkish Straits System (TSS). We aimed to infer their phylogeographic histories in the Eastern Mediterranean and finely analyze their co‐occurrence and hybridization patterns in this biogeographic context.We used molecular mitochondrial and nuclear markers to study 224 individuals from 42 localities. We used discordances between markers and complementary assignment methods to identify and map hybrids and parental individuals.We confirmed the parapatric distribution ofThaumetopoea pityocampa(Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the west andThaumetopoea wilkinsoniin the east and identified a narrow contact zone. We identified several glacial refugia ofT. wilkinsoniin southern Turkey with a strong east–west differentiation in this species. Unexpectedly,T. pityocampacrossed the TSS and occur in northern Aegean Turkey and some eastern Greek islands. We found robust evidence of introgression between the two species in a restricted zone in northwestern Turkey, but we did not identify any F1individuals. The identified hybrid zone was mostly bimodal.The distributions and genetic patterns of the studied species were strongly influenced both by the Quaternary climatic oscillations and the complex geological history of the Aegean region.T. pityocampaandT. wilkinsonisurvived the last glacial maximum in disjoint refugia and met in western Turkey at the edge of the recolonization routes. Expanding population ofT. wilkinsoniconstrainedT. pityocampato the western Turkish shore. Additionally, we found evidence of recurrent introgression byT. wilkinsonimales in severalT. pityocampapopulations. Our results suggest that some prezygotic isolation mechanisms, such as differences in timing of the adult emergences, might be a driver of the isolation between the sister species.
Maternal predator‐exposure affects offspring size at birth but not telomere length in a live‐bearing fish
Authors: Monteforte Stefano , Cattelan Silvia , Morosinotto Chiara , Pilastro Andrea , Grapputo Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe perception of predation risk could affect prey phenotype both within and between generations (via parental effects). The response to predation risk could involve modifications in physiology, morphology, and behavior and can ultimately affect long‐term fitness. Among the possible modifications mediated by the exposure to predation risk, telomere length could be a proxy for investigating the response to predation risk both within and between generations, as telomeres can be significantly affected by environmental stress. Maternal exposure to the perception of predation risk can affect a variety of offspring traits but the effect on offspring telomere length has never been experimentally tested. Using a live‐bearing fish, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), we tested if the perceived risk of predation could affect the telomere length of adult females directly and that of their offspring with a balanced experimental setup that allowed us to control for both maternal and paternal contribution. We exposed female guppies to the perception of predation risk during gestation using a combination of both visual and chemical cues and we then measured female telomere length after the exposure period. Maternal effects mediated by the exposure to predation risk were measured on offspring telomere length and body size at birth. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find a significant effect of predation‐exposure neither on female nor on offspring telomere length, but females exposed to predation risk produced smaller offspring at birth. We discuss the possible explanations for our findings and advocate for further research on telomere dynamics in ectotherms.
Dual‐action ambroxol in treatment of chronic pain in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Pawlinski Lukasz , Krawczyk Magdalena , Fiema Mateusz , Tobor Ewa , Kiec‐Wilk Beata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA significant number of patients with Gaucher disease (GD) suffer from chronic or acute pain that reduces their quality of life. A mutation in lysosomal enzyme β‐glucosidase (GCase) leads to an accumulation of glucocerebroside in the macrophage‐lineage cells, causing the development of clinical symptoms. Novel studies have revealed that ambroxol (trans‐4‐(2‐amino‐3,5‐dibromobenzylamino)‐cyclohexanol), the well‐known mucolytic drug, acts as a chaperone for the mutant, misfolded enzyme. In addition, as has recently been shown, ambroxol is a Nav1.8 channel blocker in Aβ, Aδ and unmyelinated C fibres, and therefore reduces the transmission of sensory stimuli from the primary afferent neurons to the dorsal spinal cord. In this way, it can act analgetically. Thus, in addition to broncholytic properties, ambroxol combines two other important functions: it enhances enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and pain management in patients with GD. We present a 38‐year‐old female patient with type 3 GD who had reported permanent bone pain in the lumbar‐sacral part of the spine for over a year without any pathology evidenced in the undertaken, recommended diagnostic tests. The pain was partly controlled with standard analgesics, that is, paracetamol and tramadol. Ambroxol was introduced at a dose of 150mg/d without a noticeable effect. However, when the dose was increased up to 450mg/d, the intensity of pain diminished and subsided within the following months. Two of three attempts to reduce the dose of ambroxol resulted in a pain relapse within a week, which subsided after resetting the previous, higher dose. This observation of the effects of ambroxol in a GD patient is worth considering for other GD patients with chronic pain.
Development and validation of a progress monitoring tool tailored for use in intensive eating disorder treatment
Authors: Espel‐Huynh Hallie , Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Boswell James F. , Zhang Fengqing , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite calls for routine use of progress and outcome monitoring in private and intensive treatment centres for eating disorders (EDs), existing measures have limited relevance to these supervised treatment settings. This study sought to develop and validate the progress monitoring tool for eating disorders, a multidimensional measure for progress monitoring in the context of intensive ED treatment.MethodThirty‐seven items were generated by a team of content experts, clinicians, and administrative staff from the target treatment setting. Adolescent and adult females (N = 531) seeking residential ED treatment completed the items at admission as part of the clinic's routine assessment battery; 83% were retained for repeat assessment at discharge. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for preliminary measure development.ResultsResults yielded a five‐factor, 26‐item structure explaining 50% of total variance. Final construct domains included weight and shape concern, ED behaviours and urges, emotion avoidance, adaptive coping, and relational connection. The measure demonstrated adequate internal consistency, sensitivity to change during treatment, and convergence with validated assessment measures.ConclusionsPreliminary data support the progress monitoring tool for eating disorders as a novel and valid multidimensional measure of treatment‐relevant constructs. This measure may have utility in measuring treatment progress for patients receiving intensive treatment for EDs.
Numerical simulation of directional fracturing by shaped charge blasting
Authors: Meng Ningkang , Chen Yong , Bai Jianbiao , Wang Xiangyu , Wu Wenda , Wu Bowen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hard roof leads to large deformation or failure of the entry and poses risks to mining safety. Shaped charge blasting is applied to directionally fracture the hard roof and release mining pressure in this paper. The stress condition around the blasting borehole required to induce fracture propagation is calculated by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. Evolution of blasting‐induced fractures between adjacent boreholes, main fracture in the shaped charge jet direction and secondary fractures in other directions is analyzed. The reliability of Livemore software of explicit dynamics analysis code (LS‐DYNA) in simulating shaped charge blasting is validated by experimental results. A numerical model is established to reveal the formation processes of the shaped charge jet, disclose the evolution of the equivalent stress and understand the development of the main fractures and secondary fractures between adjacent boreholes. The failure type of the rock mass and the fracture development zone are identified. The results indicate that blasting‐induced fractures mainly initiate and propagate in the shaped charge jet direction between adjacent boreholes. Shaped charge blasting leads to the directional propagation of fractures. The field monitoring results show that shaped charge blasting is able to realize the directional propagation of blasting‐induced fractures and release mining pressure.
Birth of primate comparative anatomy
Authors: Wood Bernard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 1698, a creature with a perplexing mix of human and “ape” features died in London. Brought back to England by merchants who had acquired it during a trading mission to West Africa, it attracted the attention of the Royal Society, and after the death of what we now know was a juvenile chimpanzee, Edward Tyson, a distinguished physician/anatomist, was commissioned to undertake its dissection. Tyson, who was assisted by William Cowper, prepared a detailed written and graphic description of their meticulous dissection, and this forms the major part of his 1699 publication Orang‐outang sive Homo sylvestris: or The Anatomy of a Pygmie compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man. Tyson records the many ways his “pygmie” resembled, and differed from, modern humans, including acute assessments of its brain and pelvic anatomy. Tyson's monograph is a text‐book example of the comparative method. He, and it, deserve more recognition.
Using the yield curve to forecast economic growth
Authors: Yang Parley Ruogu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper finds the yield curve to have a well‐performing ability to forecast the real gross domestic product growth in the USA, compared to professional forecasters and time series models. Past studies have different arguments concerning growth lags, structural breaks, and ultimately the ability of the yield curve to forecast economic growth. This paper finds such results to be dependent on the estimation and forecasting techniques employed. By allowing various interest rates to act as explanatory variables and various window sizes for the out‐of‐sample forecasts, significant forecasts from many window sizes can be found. These seemingly good forecasts may face issues, including persistent forecasting errors. However, by using statistical learning algorithms, such issues can be cured to some extent. The overall result suggests, by scientifically deciding the window sizes, interest rate data, and learning algorithms, many outperforming forecasts can be produced for all lags from one quarter to 3 years, although some may be worse than the others due to the irreducible noise of the data.