bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Recycling Technology of Street Tree Waste Recycling and New Lead Carbon Alloy Processing Technology
Authors: Hu Wen-Na , Wu Shinn-Dar , Cai Zhaoying , Lin Yea-Chyi , Sun Xiong-Dong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In view of the influence of road tree waste on human beings at present, and the treatment mode is single and the cost is high, with the help of ecological treatment technology and recycling garden greening waste, the pollution of greening waste can be solved, and this series of organic matter can be effectively applied to the technical development of battery material and hydrogen energy battery by introducing conductive carbon into the application point. Among them, it is mainly prepared by a special sintering technology and gas countercurrent technology, which can achieve the original appearance of retaining the leaves of the road tree, and the advantages of retaining the bulk fiber structure of the leaves after sintering, and the recovery rate is greatly higher than that of the traditional carbon materials. This technology will carburize the road tree waste, and will guide the road tree garbage carbonation technology. Entry carbon burning technology: bio-carbon market carbon black application (such as: domestic carbon rubber, tire, soil improvement), while greatly reducing carbon emissions caused by air pollution; introduction of fine carbon burning technology (NPG-SD): industry forward-looking chemical cell, fuel cell and electro thermal material technology green process design, while greatly reducing the raw materials and emissions of petrochemical industry caused by air pollution; And applied to agriculture and green energy, combined with power system integration, to achieve the purpose of complementary economy, technology and environment.
The Relationship of Different COD Concentration, Sediment Pollutant Content with Hydrodynamic in Black Bloom Water Based on Stepwise Regression Method
Authors: Shan Yu , Hong Lie , Lu Bing-Jie , Chen Jun , Jin Jie , Wu Ke , Gao Xinwu , Song Yonglian , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo analyze the relationship of different COD concentration, sediment pollutants with hydrodynamic. Taking a polluted river as the research object, the data of flow velocity, water temperature, COD concentration, sediment OM content, sediment TN content and sediment TP content at nine sampling points were analyzed by stepwise regression and SPSS 25 data analysis software. Construct linear regression model of COD concentration Y, river flow velocity X1, water temperature X2, sediment OM content X3, sediment TN content X4, sediment TP content X5. The regression equation Y=106.172-64.304X4+ 0.065X5with correlation coefficient R=0.954 and determination coefficient R2=0.91 was obtained by stepwise regression method. The results showed that the concentration of COD in water was correlated with the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in river sediments, and negatively correlated with the content of TN and positively correlated with the content of TP. The model can be used to estimate COD load of water body by analyzing the nitrogen and phosphorus content in river sediments.
The Influence of Barrel Offset on Cylinder Liner-Piston Ring Lubrication State
Authors: Liu Deliang , Zhang Shifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The shape of the barrel surface is an important parameter of the piston ring, and it is also one of the key factors determining the lubrication state of the cylinder liner-piston ring friction pair. To research the influence of barrel surface shape on the lubrication performance of cylinder liner piston ring, a transient three-dimensional lubrication model of cylinder liner piston ring is established by combining the average Reynolds equation and green wood formula. The lubrication performance of this friction pair under different working conditions and different cylinder surface shape is analysed, which provides the basic numerical research for the shape optimization of piston ring.
The Analysis of Drug Resistance of the Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Yoghurt Made in China and Outside of China
Authors: Ma Guangqiang , Niu Ling , Han Fei , Liao Yongcui , Yang Ming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To analysis and compare the drug resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from yoghurt made in China and outside of China. Yoghourt products were purchased from Nanchang supermarkets. The Lactic acid bacteria bacterias in yoghourt were isolated by MRS, MC and M17 medium. The isolated strains were identified by gram’s stain, colony morphology observation and biochemistry reaction test. Drug resistance analysis of the identified strains were analyzed by K-B method. 26 kinds of Lactic acid bacteria, 13 strains of cocci and 13 strains of bacillus, were isolated. All strains were identified by physiology and biochemistry test. They were Lactic acid bacteria bulgaricus, Lactic acid bacteria delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus. Bifidobacteria (Bacillus bifidus). Drug resistance analysis revealed that the 26 strains of Lactic acid bacteria showed multiple drug resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics, such as kanamycin. And all of these Lactic acid bacteria were completely resistant to kanamycin, ampicillin and oxacillin. The drug resistance spectrum of China’s Lactic acid bacteria is similar to that of foreign Lactic acid bacteria, but the drug resistance of China’s Lactic acid bacteria is significantly stronger than that of foreign Lactic acid bacteria. The abuse of antibiotics is serious in dairy industry. We should strengthen the management of antibiotics, reduce the chance of super resistant bacteria, and maintain the food health of the general public.
Study on Environmental Pollution and Regulatory Effects in China’s Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on the factual data of various pollutants discharged from the manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2015, the current situation of environmental pollution in China’s manufacturing industry is described; and the evaluation index of administrative order type and market incentive type environmental regulation tools is constructed to measure the environmental regulation intensity of manufacturing industry. On this basis, this paper puts forward targeted recommendations for policy to provide valuable reference for the green development of the manufacturing industry and ecological environment protection.
Study on Erosion Status of Typical Small Watershed in Yanghe River Basin
Authors: Zheng Yuyang , You Qinjing , Zhou Wenjiao , Wu Xuanwen , Zhang Feifan , Zhang Huayong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A typical small-scale watershed in the Yanghe River Basin is selected as the research area, and the regional digital elevation model map (DEM) is studied by using the aerial photography of the drone. Based on the arcgis10.4 platform, the SWAT model was used to extract the water system and determine the boundary of the study area. The meteorological data of the SWAT model comes from the automatic weather station at the study area center. The physicochemical properties of soil surface samples and soil profiles were determined in the study area in July each year. The results were used as parameters of the SWAT soil model, and determine other parameters of the SWAT model by Sensitivity analysis. The soil erosion status of the study area was obtained, and the soil erosion in the study area was studied. It is more serious and the erosion channel has a tendency to expand further. According to the erosion status and development trend simulated by the SWAT model, it provides reference for soil and water conservation control measures.
Research on the Design of Recycling Medical Needle Safety Bayonet-Lock Box
Authors: Lan Tong-Tong , Wu Shinn-Dar , Tsai Po-Wen , Yang Yu-Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to avoid contaminations and spread of diseases in the use of needles, hospitals adapted disposable policy after one single used. Needles should be used only once and must be disposed of for recycling to avoid infections and spread of diseases. Also to avoid any poking accidents to the medical staffs and recycling personnel in the process of collection, it was accustom to put the needle head back to the needle case, but because the hole of the needle case is small, medical personnel could be by accident or carelessness poke the needle to his or her own hand. This design proposes an innovative collection box for the needle of syringe recycle under safety and management consideration. It can effectively recycle needles in real time and record the time of using needles. It can avoid people repeated use of drugs at home that is a mentally disabled. It is not only simple in structure and low costs, but also easy to operation. It can avoid puncturing the medical personnel and personnel who recycle medical waste. This collection box is composed of a box body and a box cover. On the box cover, it contains one or more needle recycle holes. The needle can be plugged on the needle recycle hole. And the hole has a large circular portion of the fixed ring. Furthermore, the top end with several Bumps structure called Fixing pin fork can restrict the needle to avoid detachment on the inner side of in the upper diameter hole. Therefore, plugging the needle into the box cover and using Fixing pin fork at in the upper diameter hole can separate the needle and syringe. After that, the used needle and syringe can be stored inside the collection box. In this design, it demonstrates a simple structure with a low production cost. Moreover, it is very convenient for people usage.
A systematic computational study of electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of Fe1−xCox alloy
Authors: Hossain Ali , Khalilur Rahman Khan M , Sarker Md Samiul Islam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This report demonstrates the systematic study of electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of Fe1−xCox alloy (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) using plane wave ultrasoft pseudopotential based on spin-polarized density functional theory. The upshots expose overlapped of valence and conductance states and confirms electronic bands polarization. The energy bands are significantly shifted with increasing Co atoms. The dispersion energies reveal anisotropic behavior of electronic energy levels. The density of states manifests strong electronic interaction between Co and Fe atoms. The spin polarization is mainly attributed from the exchange interactions among electronic spins, which confirms the strong electron-electron interactions. Subsequently, spin polarization induces spin magnetic moments. Minority spin states are dominant for Fe1−xCox alloy, which significantly changed the electronic properties. Moreover, Elastic constants confirm that all the phases of Fe1−xCox alloy are mechanically stable, and the higher elastic modulus manifests better performance of the resistance to shape change and against uniaxial tensions. The optical properties of FeCo alloy exhibit strong interrelation with atomic composition of Fe and Co. The loss spectra reveal high plasmonic resonance that can be chemically tuned through atomic composition. The spin magnetic moments and high plasmonic resonance make the Fe1−xCox alloys as the prominent mechanically stable materials for magneto-optical applications.
A practical approach to assess the hazardous exposure potential of investigational drugs
Authors: McLeod E Nicole , Fillis Cambree J , Blind Jill E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose
A method to evaluate the hazardous exposure potential of investigational drugs was developed in order to comply with hazardous drug handling standards.

Summary
New nationwide standards require health-system pharmacies to recognize potential occupational risks and protect employees from any hazardous exposure. United States Pharmacopeia general chapter 800 (USP&lt;800&gt;) provides recommendations on handling precautions for commercial hazardous drugs. Recommendations for investigational drugs are less clear, with USP&lt;800&gt; suggesting more widespread protections when information is deemed insufficient to assess the risk. The investigational drug services pharmacy at a freestanding pediatric hospital developed a method to evaluate the hazardous potential of investigational drugs in order to determine the likelihood that a drug held an occupational handling risk. The goal of the project was to ensure compliance with hazardous drug handling standards and provide adequate employee protection while minimizing the financial burden on the health-system pharmacy.

Conclusion
Investigational drugs that meet any of 4 defined criteria should be subject to hazardous drug handling precautions until adequate safety data are available.
Temporal variation in maternal nest choice and its consequences for lizard embryos
Authors: Pruett Jenna E , Fargevieille Amélie , Warner Daniel A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrohabitat choice of nest sites is an important maternal effect that influences the survival and development of embryos in oviparous species. Embryos of many species display a high degree of plasticity in response to developmental environments, which places maternal nesting behavior under strong selective pressure, particularly in temporally changing environments. Nesting behavior varies widely across taxa that exhibit diverse reproductive strategies. The brown anole (Anolis sagrei), for example, lays one egg every 7–10 days across an extended reproductive season from April to October. This aspect of their reproduction provides an opportunity to examine temporal shifts in nesting behavior and its consequences on egg survival and offspring development under seasonally changing climatic conditions. We conducted a two-part study to quantify temporal variation in maternal nesting behavior and its effect on development of A. sagrei embryos. First, we measured nest micro-environments over the nesting season. Second, we “planted” eggs across the landscape at our field site to examine the influence of nest conditions on egg survival and hatchling phenotypes. We also incubated eggs inside chambers in the field to decouple effects of nest moisture from those of other environmental variables (e.g., temperature). Females chose nest sites with higher moisture and lower temperatures relative to what was generally available across the landscape during the nesting season. In addition, eggs exposed to relatively cool temperatures had higher hatching success, and high nest moisture increased egg survival and body condition of hatchlings. Overall, we provide evidence in the field that maternal nesting behavior facilitates offspring survival.
Honest signaling of cooperative intentions
Authors: Roberts Gilbert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrust can transform conflicting interests into cooperation. But how can individuals know when to trust others? Here, I develop the theory that reputation building may signal cooperative intent, or “trustworthiness.” I model a simple representation of this theory in which individuals 1) optionally invest in a reputation by performing costly helpful behavior (“signaling”); 2) optionally use others’ reputations when choosing a partner; and 3) optionally cooperate with that partner. In evolutionary simulations, high levels of reputation building, of choosing partners based on reputation, and of cooperation within partnerships emerged. Costly helping behavior evolved into an honest signal of trustworthiness when it was adaptive for cooperators, relative to defectors, to invest in the long-term benefits of a reputation for helping. I show using game theory that this occurs when cooperators gain larger marginal benefits from investing in signaling than do defectors. This happens without the usual costly signaling assumption that individuals are of two “types,” which differ in quality. Signaling of trustworthiness may help explain phenomena such as philanthropy, pro-sociality, collective action, punishment, and advertising in humans and may be particularly applicable to courtship in other animals.
Single-tube genotyping for small insertion/deletion mutations: simultaneous identification of wild type, mutant and heterozygous alleles
Authors: Lin Bin , Sun Jing , Fraser Iain D C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent methods of genotyping small insertion/deletion (indel) mutations are costly, laborious, and can be unreliable. To address this, we have developed a method for small indel genotyping in a single polymerase chain reaction, with wild-type, heterozygous and mutant alleles distinguishable by band pattern in routine agarose gel electrophoresis. We demonstrate this method with multiple genes to distinguish 10 bp, 4 bp and even 1 bp deletions from the wild type. Through systematic testing of numerous primer designs, we also propose guidelines for genotyping small indel mutations. Our method provides a convenient approach to genotyping small indels derived from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated gene editing, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea induced mutagenesis or diagnosis of naturally occurring polymorphisms/mutations.
Waning of Measured Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Over Time: The Potential Contribution of Leaky Vaccine Effect
Authors: Tokars Jerome I , Patel Manish M , Foppa Ivo M , Reed Carrie , Fry Alicia M , Ferdinands Jill M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Several observational studies have shown decreases in measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (mVE) during influenza seasons. One study found decreases of 6–11%/month during the 2011–2012 to 2014–2015 seasons. These findings could indicate waning immunity but could also occur if vaccine effectiveness is stable and vaccine provides partial protection in all vaccinees (“leaky”) rather than complete protection in a subset of vaccinees. Since it is unknown whether influenza vaccine is leaky, we simulated the 2011–2012 to 2014–2015 influenza seasons to estimate the potential contribution of leaky vaccine effect to the observed decline in mVE.

Methods
We used available data to estimate daily numbers of vaccinations and infections with A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses. We assumed that vaccine effect was leaky, calculated mVE as 1 minus the Mantel-Haenszel relative risk of vaccine on incident cases, and determined the mean mVE change per 30 days since vaccination. Because change in mVE was highly dependent on infection rates, we performed simulations using low (15%) and high (31%) total (including symptomatic and asymptomatic) seasonal infection rates.

Results
For the low infection rate, decreases (absolute) in mVE per 30 days after vaccination were 2% for A/H1N1 and 1% for A/H3N2and B viruses. For the high infection rate, decreases were 5% for A/H1N1, 4% for A/H3, and 3% for B viruses.

Conclusions
The leaky vaccine bias could account for some, but probably not all, of the observed intraseasonal decreases in mVE. These results underscore the need for strategies to deal with intraseasonal vaccine effectiveness decline.
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Yuan Quan , Wang Haiyan , Liu Wei , Liao Xuejiao , Su Yingying , Wang Xin , Yuan Jing , Li Tingdong , Li Jinxiu , Qian Shen , Hong Congming , Wang Fuxiang , Liu Yingxia , Wang Zhaoqin , He Qing , Li Zhiyong , He Bin , Zhang Tianying , Fu Yang , Ge Shengxiang , Liu Lei , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao , Zhang Zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patients remains largely unknown, and the clinical value of antibody testing has not been fully demonstrated.Methods173 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (n = 535) collected during hospitalization were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM, and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. The dynamics of antibodies with disease progress were analyzed.ResultsAmong 173 patients, the seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM, and IgG were 93.1%, 82.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. The reason for the negative antibody findings in 12 patients might be due to the lack of blood samples at the later stage of illness. The median seroconversion times for Ab, IgM, and then IgG were days 11, 12, and 4, respectively. The presence of antibodies was &lt;40% among patients within 1 week of onset, and rapidly increased to 100.0% (Ab), 94.3% (IgM), and 79.8% (IgG) by day 15 after onset. In contrast, RNA detectability decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day 7 to 45.5% (25/55) during days 15–39. Combining RNA and antibody detection significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 (P &lt; .001), even in the early phase of 1 week from onset (P = .007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (P = .006).ConclusionsAntibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.
Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients
Authors: Yu Fengting , Yan Liting , Wang Nan , Yang Siyuan , Wang Linghang , Tang Yunxia , Gao Guiju , Wang Sa , Ma Chengjie , Xie Ruming , Wang Fang , Tan Chianru , Zhu Lingxiang , Guo Yong , Zhang Fujie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The widely used reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods
A total of 323 samples from 76 COVID-19–confirmed patients were analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and RT-PCR based 2 target genes (ORF1ab and N). Nasal swabs, throat swabs, sputum, blood, and urine were collected. Clinical and imaging data were obtained for clinical staging.

Results
In 95 samples that tested positive by both methods, the cycle threshold (Ct) of RT-PCR was highly correlated with the copy number of ddPCR (ORF1ab gene, R2 = 0.83; N gene, R2 = 0.87). Four (4/161) negative and 41 (41/67) single-gene positive samples tested by RT-PCR were positive according to ddPCR with viral loads ranging from 11.1 to 123.2 copies/test. The viral load of respiratory samples was then compared and the average viral load in sputum (17 429 ± 6920 copies/test) was found to be significantly higher than in throat swabs (2552 ± 1965 copies/test, P &lt; .001) and nasal swabs (651 ± 501 copies/test, P &lt; .001). Furthermore, the viral loads in the early and progressive stages were significantly higher than that in the recovery stage (46 800 ± 17 272 vs 1252 ± 1027, P &lt; .001) analyzed by sputum samples.

Conclusions
Quantitative monitoring of viral load in lower respiratory tract samples helps to evaluate disease progression, especially in cases of low viral load.