bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption
Authors: Farahzadi Hamid Reza , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Mirhosseini Mohammad , Fatemi Aghda Seyed Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.
On the effects of pore water pressure buildup and dissipation on the seismic performance of a propped r.c. diaphragm wall in sand
Authors: Oliynyk Kateryna , Pontani Nicola , Tamagnini Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study concerns the analysis of a retaining structure composed by a couple of r.c. diaphragm walls propped at the crest in loose and medium-dense, variably saturated sand under seismic conditions. Fully coupled dynamic equilibrium conditions and pore water flow in the porous soil have been taken into account, in order to assess the effects that the development and subsequent dissipation of excess pore water pressures can have on the performance of such structures under seismic conditions. To this end, a series of simulations in which the saturated soil permeability is varied of about two orders of magnitude has been carried out, in order to consider different evolution rates for the dynamic consolidation process. The von Wolffersdorff hypoplastic model and the van Genuchten water retention equation have been used to describe the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the sand. The results obtained in a large series of finite element simulations show a significant dependence of the seismic performance of the structure evaluated in terms of permanent rotations and structural loads, in view of the modern performance-based design criteria on the excess pore pressures buildup during the seismic shaking and on its dissipation with time. For the particular seismic input considered, neither fully drained nor fully undrained conditions can be considered applicable in most of the cases considered. In such conditions, the quantitative assessment of wall and soil displacements, pore water pressures and effective stress distributions within the soil requires necessarily the solution of a fully coupled, nonlinear dynamic consolidation problem.
The Rolling 50s (and More): Cars and Life Satisfaction Among Seniors Across Europe
Authors: Brulé Gaël , Ravazzini Laura , Suter Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCars represent a valuable real asset that most individuals use on a daily basis. Although cars are a form of material prosperity like income and other forms of wealth, the link between cars and subjective well-being (SWB) is barely covered in the existing literature. Furthermore, few existing contributions are scattered across specific cultural contexts. Here, we analyze the relationship between cars and the SWB of seniors in different European countries using the SHARE dataset. We construct multilevel and fixed-effect models to explore the extent of economic, infrastructural, and cultural factors and how they can explain this relationship. The results show that the value of the car is, among all wealth components (houses, bank account, bonds, stocks, mutual funds, debts and mortgages), the form of wealth most related to life satisfaction. In addition, cars matter less (a) in affluent societies, (b) where rail infrastructure is more developed, and (c) where people hold fewer materialistic values. We discuss these results in the framework of the functional and positional value of cars, i.e., respectively, the value derived from it regardless of others and the value derived from it vis-à-vis others.
Why Is the AfD so Successful in Eastern Germany? An Analysis of the Ideational Foundations of the AfD Vote in the 2017 Federal Election
Authors: Pesthy Maria , Mader Matthias , Schoen Harald 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Alternative for Germany party (AfD) has been more successful electorally in eastern than in western Germany. In this paper, we look at nativism coupled with populist attitudes as possible contributors to the 2017 federal electoral outcome. We compare two alternative mechanisms for the varying election results, the first being whether individuals living in eastern Germany are, on average, more nativist and populist inclined; the second, whether nativism and populism are more salient when these voters go to the polls. The results show that there indeed exists a slightly higher level of nativist and populist sentiment among the east German citizens than among the west Germans. This difference concerns older east Germans in particular, who were politically socialised during the German separation. Furthermore, elements of nativist and populist ideas explain electoral support for the AfD in both parts of the country, but nativism appears to be more relevant in the east. Overall, the analysis of the short-term campaign panel data from the German Longitudinal Election Study suggests that the inspected ideational foundations contribute to the east–west gap in AfD support without accounting for it completely.
Ulcer Disease in the Excluded Segments after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Current Review of the Literature
Authors: Plitzko Gabriel , Schmutz Grégoire , Kröll Dino , Nett Philipp C. , Borbély Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUlcer disease in excluded segments after Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is rare but can evolve into a life-threatening situation. The excluded segments exhibit a different behavior from that of non-altered anatomy; perforated ulcers do not result in pneumoperitoneum or free fluid, and therefore must be met with a low threshold for surgical exploration. The anatomical changes after RYGB impede routine access to the remnant stomach and duodenum. There are various options to address bleeding or perforated ulcers. While oversewing and drainage preserves the anatomy and forgoes resection, remnant gastrectomy offers a definitive solution. The importance of traditional risk factors such as smoking or use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is unclear. Eradication ofHelicobacter pyloriand secondary prophylaxis with proton-pump inhibitors is advisable, albeit in double-dose.
Model-Based Patterns of Lymphedema Symptomatology: Phenotypic and Biomarker Characterization
Authors: Fu Mei R. , Aouizerat Bradley E , Yu Gary , Conley Yvette , Axelrod Deborah , Guth Amber A. , Gagner Jean-Pierre , Qiu Jeanna M , Zagzag David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the Study
More than 50% of breast cancer survivors without a diagnosis of lymphedema suffer daily from numerous and co-occurring lymphedema symptoms. This study aimed to identify lymphedema symptom patterns and the association of such patterns with phenotypic characteristics and biomarkers using latent class analysis (LCA). A prospective, descriptive, and repeated-measure design was used to enroll 140 women and collect data.

Recent Findings
LCA identified three distinct lymphedema symptom classes at 8 weeks and 12 months post-surgery: low, moderate, and severe symptom classes and associated phenotypic characteristics. Participants were more likely to be in the severe symptom classes at 12 months post-surgery if they had lower education level, cording, an axillary syndrome at 8 weeks post-surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation.

Summary
Pre-surgery level of IL1-a, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF was associated with the severe symptom class at 8 weeks post-surgery, suggesting that such biomarkers may be used to predict risk for lymphedema symptoms.
From Beyond the Grave: Use of Medical Information from the Deceased to Guide Care of Living Relatives
Authors: Tadros Shereen , Carley Helena , Lucassen Anneke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In order to inform patients of their genetic risks, access to the medical records and/or stored samples of their relatives is often helpful. We consider some of the obstacles to such access when these relatives are deceased and suggest how they might be navigated.

Recent Findings
We explore an issue first highlighted in 2004 by Lucassen et al. (Br Med J 328:952–953, 2004) and re-evaluate it in the wake of novel technologies and mainstreaming of genomic medicine. We find that it is still an issue in practice despite professional guidelines advocating access to familial information (Joint Committee on Genomics in Medicine 2019) and that the Human Tissue Act 2004 is often wrongly constructed as a reason to block access. Access is often obstructed by failing to adopt the necessary relational concept of autonomy that applies in genetic medicine as reported by Horton and Lucassen (Curr Genet Med Rep 7:85–91, 2019) and by considering confidentiality to be absolute, even after death. In response to a recent legal case about the confidentiality of genetic test results, and their disclosure to family members (ABC v St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust 2020), Dove et al. (J Med Ethics 45:504–507, 2019) suggested that a duty to consider the interests of genetic relatives could co-exist alongside a duty of confidentiality to a patient. In this way, healthcare professionals can use professional judgement about the relative value of genetic information to family members. This is equally relevant in accessing deceased relatives’ information. A recent systematic review found a high level of acceptability of postmortem use of genetic data for medical research amongst participants and their relatives, and it is reasonable to assume that this acceptability would extend to clinical practice as reported by Bak et al. (Eur J Hum Genet 28:403–416, 2020).

Summary
Within clinical practice, access to medical records/samples of deceased relatives is often obstructed unnecessarily, potentially resulting in harm to the living relatives seeking advice. Consent to such access is important but need not be the bureaucratic hurdle that is often imposed.
On the global convergence of a new spectral residual algorithm for nonlinear systems of equations
Authors: Papini Alessandra , Porcelli Margherita , Sgattoni Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a derivative-free method for solving systems of nonlinear equations that belongs to the class of spectral residual methods. We will show that by endowing a previous version of the algorithm with a suitable new linesearch strategy, standard global convergence results can be attained under mild general assumptions. The robustness of the new method is therefore potentially improved with respect to the previous version as shown by the reported numerical experiments.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): indicazioni ed efficacia nel trattamento dell’obesità
Authors: Currenti Walter , Galvano Fabio 
Published: November 2020

SommarioLa very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) è un protocollo alimentare fortemente ipocalorico e ipoglucidico che ha il fine di indurre la chetosi. Rispetto a una dieta ipocalorica tradizionale è vantaggiosa sulla fame, sul mantenimento della muscolatura, sull’infiammazione e sul decremento ponderale. Può essere attuata anche mediante l’utilizzo di prodotti sostitutivi in concomitanza a un percorso di educazione alimentare. La VLCKD rappresenta una valida opzione terapeutica nel trattamento dell’obesità.
Rückkehr zur Herkunft
Authors: Blome Eva 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel setzt sich mit einem in jüngster Zeit vermehrt zu beobachtenden Narrativ auseinander: der Erzählung von der Herkunft aus einem deklassierten Milieu. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei autosoziobiografische Texte und Filme, die aus der Perspektive einer erworbenen sozialen Distanz den Anspruch verfolgen, individuelle Erfahrungen des Klassenwechsels mit einer Analyse aktueller gesellschaftlicher Problemlagen zu verbinden. Diese Darstellungen werden zum einen hinsichtlich ihrer hybriden Gattungszugehörigkeit und ihres kommunikativen Anspruchs befragt. Zum anderen werden ihre dominierenden Erzählweisen untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass genealogisch-kollektivierende Konstellationen eine wichtige Rolle spielen: Erstens werden Klassenverhältnisse als Generationenverhältnisse narrativiert; zweitens wird ein die einzelne Autosoziobiografie sprengendes Erzählverfahren verwendet, durch das sich ein intertextueller Zusammenhang von aufeinander verweisenden Geschichten des Klassenwechsels konstituiert.
Die digitale Transformation als reflexiver turn: Einführende Literatur zur digitalen Geschichte im Überblick
Authors: König Mareike 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation prägt seit einigen Jahrzehnten die Art und Weise, wie Geschichtswissenschaft betrieben, geschrieben, verbreitet, diskutiert und gelehrt wird. Dabei ist die Spannbreite dessen, was sich unter dem Sammelbegriff „Digitale Geschichte“ summieren lässt, riesig: Sie reicht von digitalen Praktiken, wie sie im Computerzeitalter für alle Forschenden alltäglich geworden sind, über Digitalität als Thema, bis hin zum Einsatz digitaler Methoden und Werkzeuge für die historische Erkenntnisgewinnung. Das an den Rändern offene transdisziplinare Praxisfeld ist zudem allein durch technische Entwicklungen im ständigen Fluss. Sehr unterschiedlich sind folglich Einführungen in die digitale Geschichte oder in die Digital Humanities, von denen in diesem Beitrag einige deutsch-, englisch- und französischsprachige Bände besprochen werden. Neben einer Einordnung dieses speziellen Literaturgenres zwischen Theorie und Praxis liegt der Fokus dabei zum einen auf den Änderungen von Forschung, Lehre, Kommunikation und Publikation durch die Digitalität. Zum anderen werden gegenwärtige Diskussionen und Kontroversen in und um die digitale Geschichte skizziert, wie sie zugleich in anderen Publikationen verhandelt werden.
The epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacter spp: A case–case–control matched analysis
Authors: Cohen Mendel Leore , Amity Keren , Katz David E. , Lazarovitch Tsilia , Zaidenstein Ronit , Marchaim Dror 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA case–case–control investigation (216 patients) examined the risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter (CR-En) acquisition. Recent exposure to fluoroquinolones, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and rapidly fatal McCabe condition were independent predictors for acquisition. Acquiring CR-En was independently associated with discharge to a long-term care facility after being admitted from home.
A Paper Tiger No More? The Media Portrayal of the Notwithstanding Clause in Saskatchewan and Ontario
Authors: Nicolaides Eleni , Snow Dave 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince 2017, four provincial legislatures have introduced bills invoking the controversial notwithstanding clause. We present an original dataset of news articles from 10 different outlets that discussed the clause while these bills were being debated in Saskatchewan and Ontario. Empirically, although the clause is typically portrayed accurately, we find over one-fifth of articles about the clause did not indicate that it must be included in legislation. Normatively, the clause was twice as likely to be portrayed negatively as it was positively, and the type of portrayal was strongly associated with the ideological orientation of the news outlet. The rate of negative portrayals was similar across the two provinces, which suggests that attitudes toward the clause may endure beyond the policy issue itself or the level of media visibility.
Public Tears: Populism and the Politics of Emotion in AKP's Turkey
Authors: Aslan Senem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the increased visibility and frequency of public weeping by the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Building on the literature that conceptualizes populism as a particular political style, I argue that crying in public can be understood as a populist performative act of legitimation, serving to dramatize the basic components of the populist discourse. I also contend that the increased frequency of public weeping by Erdoğan relate to two major dilemmas that populists in power encounter. Both dilemmas stem from the growing discrepancy between populist rhetoric and practice, diminishing the credibility of the populist leader. Signaling emotional authenticity, Erdoğan’s tearfulness serves to communicate a message of closeness to the people and sustain the anti-elite rhetoric at a time when his political power and economic wealth increasingly set him apart from the politically and economically marginalized. It also attempts to justify authoritarian practices while sustaining the claim to rule in the name of popular power and mobilize constituents against the opposition.
Cherokee Political Thought and the Development of Tribal Citizenship
Authors: Kushner Aaron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCitizenship, a fundamental political idea, exists in many forms in the United States. In this study, I apply the analytical strategies of American political development to examine the evolution of Cherokee constitutional citizenship law since 1827. The lack of political development studies on Cherokee governance presents a unique opportunity to identify foundational and second-story ideas underpinning Cherokee political thought. I contribute to the ongoing discussion of indigenous political development by creating a new theoretical framework for interpreting and analyzing durable shifts in Cherokee citizenship law. As America expands and diversifies, alternate, nonliberal views of citizenship increase in political relevance. Understanding why certain laws exist and where they came from is crucial for cultivating political engagement, engaging in productive discourse, and creating humanizing policies.
‘Dust seeds’ with undifferentiated embryos and their germination in mycoheterotrophic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae)
Authors: Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract‘Dust seeds’ with an undifferentiated (organless) embryo are known to be produced by mycoheterotrophic species (MH) in nine families of angiosperms. However, aside from the numerous studies on seed germination of orchids, relatively little is known about germination in MH families. In the Ericaceae, some degree of mycoheterotrophy (full, partial or initial) and dust seeds with an undifferentiated embryo occur in all species in the three tribes of Monotropoideae, the only subfamily of Ericaceae with this combination of characters. In most species, the seed is <0.90 mm in the greatest dimension, the endosperm is absent (Pityopus) or consists of few to many (30–40) cells, and the embryo is minute, consisting of as few as two cells inMonotropa. Germination in Monotropoideae is monopolar, with only the radicular pole of the embryo participating in germination. Thus, germination polarity differs from that of the dust seeds of orchids in which only the plumular pole of the embryo (protocorm) participates in germination. The dust seeds in Monotropoideae require the presence of fungi, either direct contact with a fungus or the presence of a diffusible substance therefrom, to germinate (symbiotic germination). Recently, representatives of the four genera of tribe Pyroleae have been successfully germinated asymbioticallyin vitro. We present a broad overview of dust-size seeds in angiosperms and conclude that they should be subdivided into at least two major categories.
The Opposition Advantage: Islamist Opposition Parties and Security Cooperation
Authors: Munir Syed Rashid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper highlights the impact of religious oppositions in Muslim-majority states towards security cooperation with the U.S. Such cooperation provides security but is risky as the U.S. can coerce its weaker allies and push for regime change. To protect against this possibility, this paper suggests that incumbents in recipient states strategically extend or limit cooperation based on the strength of Islamist opposition parties. Weaker Islamist oppositions pose a threat to incumbents in recipient states as the U.S. can coerce and replace them without fear of bringing anti-U.S. elements to power, which results in lower cooperation. In case of a stronger Islamist opposition, the regime's replacement cannot offer better policy concessions to the U.S.; hence, a strong Islamist opposition leads to more extensive cooperation. This mechanism is demonstrated through U.S. military aid acceptance in 40 Muslim-majority states during 2002–2015, and a comparison of U.S. security relations with Algeria and Tunisia.
Faith and Friendship: Religious Bonding and Interfaith Relations in Muslim Countries
Authors: Sumaktoyo Nathanael Gratias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies have documented more negative attitudes and a higher level of social hostilities toward religious minorities in Muslim than in non-Muslim countries. I seek to explain what contributes to these poor interfaith relations. Diverging from the mainstream approaches that focus on cultural, institutional, or psychological explanations, I argue that the poorer interfaith relations in Muslim countries are driven by high levels of religious bonding or religiously homogeneous friendships among Muslims in these countries. Analyzing a global survey of more than 17,000 Muslims and a report documenting how religious groups in a country restrict or discriminate against each other, I show that religious bonding is related to more negative attitudes toward religious minorities, that a country's level of religious bonding is positively related to its level of social hostilities, and that religious bonding is indeed higher among Muslims in Muslim countries than among Catholics in Catholic-majority Latin American countries.
Efficiency of the Summer Monsoon in Generating Streamflow Within a Snow‐Dominated Headwater Basin of the Colorado River
Authors: Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Gochis David , Williams Kenneth H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe North American Monsoon occurs July–September in the central Rocky Mountains bringing significant rainfall to Colorado River headwater basins. This rain may buffer streamflow deficiencies caused by reductions in snow accumulation. Using a data‐modeling framework, we explore the importance of monsoon rain in streamflow generation over historical conditions in an alpine basin. Annually, monsoon rain contributes 18 ± 7% water inputs and generates 10 ± 6% streamflow. The bulk of rain supports evapotranspiration in lower subalpine forests. However, rains have the potential to produce appreciable streamflow at higher elevations where soil moisture storage, forest cover, and aridity are low and rebound late season streamflow 64 ± 13% from simulated reductions in spring snowpack as a function of monsoon strength. Interannual variability in monsoon efficiency to generate streamflow declines with low snowpack and high aridity, implying the ability of monsoons to replenish streamflow in a warmer future with less snow accumulation will diminish.