bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis thaliana N‐recognin E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS1 influences the immune response
Authors: Till Christopher J. , Vicente Jorge , Zhang Hongtao , Oszvald Maria , Deery Michael J. , Pastor Victoria , Lilley Kathryn S. , Ray Rumiana V. , Theodoulou Frederica L. , Holdsworth Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractN‐degron pathways of ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis (formerly known as the N‐end rule pathway) control the stability of substrate proteins dependent on the amino‐terminal (Nt) residue. Unlike yeast or mammalian N‐recognin E3 ligases, which each recognize several different classes of Nt residues, in Arabidopsis thaliana, N‐recognin functions of different N‐degron pathways are carried out independently by PROTEOLYSIS (PRT)1, PRT6, and other unknown proteins. PRT1 recognizes type 2 aromatic Nt‐destabilizing residues and PRT6 recognizes type 1 basic residues. These two N‐recognin functions diverged as separate proteins early in the evolution of plants, before the conquest of the land. We demonstrate that loss of PRT1 function promotes the plant immune system, as mutant prt1‐1 plants showed greater apoplastic resistance than WT to infection by the bacterial hemi‐biotroph Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. Quantitative proteomics revealed increased accumulation of proteins associated with specific components of plant defense in the prt1‐1 mutant, concomitant with increased accumulation of salicylic acid. The effects of the prt1 mutation were additional to known effects of prt6 in influencing the immune system, in particular, an observed over‐accumulation of pipecolic acid (Pip) in the double‐mutant prt1‐1 prt6‐1. These results demonstrate a potential role for PRT1 in controlling aspects of the plant immune system and suggest that PRT1 limits the onset of the defense response via degradation of substrates with type 2 Nt‐destabilizing residues.
Hourly 4D‐Var in the Met Office UKV operational forecast model
Authors: Milan Marco , Macpherson Bruce , Tubbs Robert , Dow Gareth , Inverarity Gordon , Mittermaier Marion , Halloran Gemma , Kelly Graeme , Li Dingmin , Maycock Adam , Payne Tim , Piccolo Chiara , Stewart Laura , Wlasak Marek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHourly cycling four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4D‐Var) was implemented operationally in the Met Office's convective‐scale UKV forecast model in July 2017, replacing the previous three‐hourly cycling three‐dimensional 3D‐Var scheme. The new system was based on a previous Nowcasting Demonstration Project (NDP), developed and run in real time over a southern UK domain for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games and focusing on precipitation forecasts. The new operational system extends this capability to the full UK (and surrounding) area, delivering outputs suitable for blending into nowcasting products and for general forecasting of a full range of meteorological variables. We describe the general formulation of the Met Office 4D‐Var system and some particular ingredients. Differences between the new system and its NDP and UK 3D‐Var antecedents are discussed for both the assimilation algorithm and the observational inputs. As an illustration of the impact on forecast performance, we compare the skill of 3D‐Var and 4D‐Var using an hourly cycle for both configurations. For precipitation skill, we also compare three‐hourly 3D‐Var and hourly 4D‐Var with a reference nowcasting system, in order to highlight the improvement from the new method at very short forecast ranges. Future avenues for developing the system are outlined.
Nonzero repair times dependent on the failure hazard
Authors: Arnold Richard , Chukova Stefanka , Hayakawa Yu , Marshall Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is common in the literature on the reliability and maintenance of repairable systems to model the repair times as instantaneous. However, this is an unreasonable assumption for some complex systems, especially those requiring a high level of reliability, and such systems may spend a significant proportion of their lifetimes under maintenance and repair. We model the ageing of such a system with alternating stochastic processes. Operational times are generated at random and may have an increasing failure rate. Repair times are generated from a random process where the repair time is related to the hazard rate at failure. This yields lengthened repair times at late stages in a system subject to an increasing failure hazard rate but also accommodates long repair times at young ages in systems with a bathtub‐shaped hazard rate function. We derive analytic results for a set of special cases of the model, show how simulation and inference can be carried out, and apply our method to real data from a large car manufacturer.
Dynamical Jahn‐Teller effect in the first excited
Authors: Huang Zhishuo , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJahn‐Teller effect of C60 monoanion in the first electronically excited states was theoretically investigated. The orbital vibronic coupling parameters for t1g next lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals were derived from the Kohn‐Sham orbital levels calculated using a frozen phonon approach with both hybrid B3LYP and CAM‐B3LYP functionals, which take long‐range interaction correction into consideration. With these coupling parameters, the vibronic states of first excited were derived by exactly diagonalizing dynamical Jahn‐Teller Hamiltonian. The results showed that dynamical Jahn‐Teller effects are more significant in the first excited than those in the ground electronic states. This work also clarified that CAM‐B3LYP gives results closer to experimental data than B3LYP.
Impact of oral cleansing strategies on exhaled volatile organic compound levels
Authors: Vadhwana Bhamini , Belluomo Ilaria , Boshier Piers R. , Pavlou Chrystalla , Španěl Patrik , Hanna George B. 
Published: December 2019

RationaleThe analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within exhaled breath potentially offers a non‐invasive method for the detection and surveillance of human disease. Oral contamination of exhaled breath may influence the detection of systemic VOCs relevant to human disease. This study aims to assess the impact of oral cleansing strategies on exhaled VOC levels in order to standardise practice for breath sampling.MethodsTen healthy volunteers consumed a nutrient challenge followed by four oral cleansing methods: (a) water, (b) saltwater, (c) toothbrushing, and (d) alcohol‐free mouthwash. Direct breath sampling was performed using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry after each intervention.ResultsProposed reactions suggest that volatile fatty acid and alcohol levels (butanoic, pentanoic acid, ethanol) declined with oral cleansing interventions, predominantly after an initial oral rinse with water. Concentrations of aldehydes and phenols (acetaldehyde, menthone, p‐cresol) declined with oral water rinse; however, they increased after toothbrushing and mouthwash use, secondary to flavoured ingredients within these products. No significant reductions were observed with sulphur compounds.ConclusionsFindings suggest that oral rinsing with water prior to breath sampling may reduce oral contamination of VOC levels, and further interventions for oral decontamination with flavoured products may compromise results. This intervention may serve as a simple and inexpensive method of standardisation within breath research.
Do investors recognize biases in securities analysts’ forecasts?
Authors: Baird Philip L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study presents direct evidence on the question whether investors recognize the widely documented biases in securities analysts’ earnings forecasts. The internal rate of return implied by current stock price and consensus earnings forecast is found to be correlated with indicators of bias in a manner consistent with investors discounting optimistic earnings forecasts at higher rates of return and less optimistic forecasts at lower rates of return. In a departure from studies of excess returns, the evidence in implied returns indicates that investors recognize the biases in analysts’ earnings forecasts.
Twenty‐five years of Review of Financial Economics: A bibliometric overview
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Pattnaik Debidutta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Review of Financial Economics (RFE) has published empirical research covering all areas of financial economics since 1994. It celebrated its silver jubilee year of publishing in 2018. Using bibliometric techniques, we analyze the journal's impact, its prominent topics and most prolific authors including their affiliated institutions and countries. We also identify the bibliographic couplings of authors and their affiliated institutions and countries, co‐citations of journals, and co‐occurrences of the authors’ specified keywords. Our results show that about 83% of the published works receiving at least one citation between 1994 and 2018 and about 68% are co‐authored. Among the important themes discussed in RFE, the words “stock”, “market,” and “risk” occupy central positions in RFE publications. Bibliographic coupling analysis identifies six clusters: (a) macroeconomic indicators, (b) investments, (c) financial institutions, (d) stock market, (e) corporate governance, and (f) corporate financial decisions.
The influence of psychological stress in early life on sexual maturation and sexual behavior in male and female rats
Authors: Yano Kiyohito , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Iwasa Takeshi , Mayila Yiliyasi , Yanagihara Rie , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Munkhzaya Munkhsaihan , Tokui Takako , Kamada Shuhei , Hayashi Aki , Masaki Rie , Aoki Hidenori , Tamura Kou , Irahara Minoru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWe studied the influence of psychological stress during the early neonatal period on sexual maturation and sexual behavior in rats.MethodsNeonatal male and female rats were divided into control (C) and maternal separation (MS) groups (n = 20‐24 per group). The pups in the MS groups were placed in isolation cages for 240 minutes/d from postnatal days 2‐11. Vaginal opening (VO) in females and preputial separation (PS) in males (indicators of sexual maturation) were monitored, as was the estrous cycle in females. Thereafter, sexual behavior was monitored twice at 13 and 15 weeks of age.ResultsAs for sexual maturation, the onset of PS occurred significantly earlier in the MS group than in the C group, whereas the onset of VO did not differ between the groups. The length of the estrous cycle did not differ between the groups. The frequencies of sexual behaviors did not differ between the groups in either sex.ConclusionsIn conclusion, early‐life psychological stress induced by MS advanced sexual maturation in male rats, whereas it did not affect sexual maturation in female rats. On the other hand, early‐life psychological stress might not affect sexual behavior in adulthood in either sex.
DFT Study of L‐Cysteine Fragmentation Route using a Novel Protocol
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Xavier , Mocellin Alexandra , Menezes de Souza Lima Fabio , de Jesus Chaves Neto Antonio Maia , Lima Azevedo David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe analysis of amino acid fragmentation is promising in the search for living organisms in other planets, which could be investigated by just scanning for specific amino acid fragments in their upper atmosphere using advanced spectroscopy techniques. Motivated by this possibility, we develop here a Density Functional Theory (DFT)‐based protocol to investigate the fragmentation of an essential constituent of cells: the L‐cysteine amino acid. After determining the structural and energetics for neutral and single ionized conformers in good agreement with data available, we propose a novel protocol based upon the analysis of Wiberg bond order indices and Bader's Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) theory. Our results indicate that the alpha carbon is the most favorable point of fragmentation for the CH2SH and COOH radicals after a cysteine molecule single ionization.
Functional Nanocomplexes with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/C Isoforms Improve Collateral Circulation and Cardiac Function
Authors: Qiao Bokang , Nie Jing‐Jun , Shao Yihui , Li Yulin , Zhang Congcong , Hao Wenjing , Li Sijin , Chen Dafu , Yu Bingran , Li Hui‐Hua , Xu Fu‐Jian , Du Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtein‐based therapies are potential treatments for cancer, immunological, and cardiovascular diseases. However, effective delivery systems are needed because of their instability, immunogenicity, and so on. Crosslinked negatively charged heparin polysaccharide nanoparticle (HepNP) is proposed for protein delivery. HepNP can efficiently condense vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) because of the unique electronegative sulfonic acid and carboxyl domain of heparin. HepNP is then assembled with VEGF‐C (Hep@VEGF‐C) or VEGF‐A (Hep@VEGF‐A) protein for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI) via intravenous (iv) injection. Hep@VEGF‐A‐mediated improvement of cardiac function by promoting angiogenesis is limited because of elevated vascular permeability, while Hep@VEGF‐C effectively promotes lymphangiogenesis and reduces edema. On this basis, a graded delivery of VEGF‐C (0.5–1 h post‐MI) and VEGF‐A (5 d post‐MI) using HepNP is developed. At the dose ratio of 3:1 (Hep@VEGF‐C vs Hep@VEGF‐A), Hep@VEGF functional complexes substantially reduce the scar formation (≈−39%; p < 0.05) and improve cardiac function (≈+74%; p < 0.05). Such a HepNP delivery system provides a simple and effective therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases by delivering functional proteins. Because of the unique binding ability of heparin with cytokines and growth factors, HepNP also has considerable application prospects in protein therapy for other serious diseases.
Chancelloriid sclerites from the Dyeran–Delamaran (‘Lower–Middle’ Cambrian) boundary interval of the Pioche–Caliente region, Nevada,USA
Authors: Moore J. L. , Porter Susannah M. , Webster Mark , Maloof Adam C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChancelloriids are a poorly understood group of phylogenetically problematic Cambrian metazoans; complete specimens show they were sessile, radially symmetrical, club‐shaped organisms covered with sclerites in the form of rosettes of spines. While isolated sclerites are common components of Cambrian shelly assemblages, they have been relatively little studied. We describe chancelloriid sclerites from a series of nine sections spanning the upper Dyeran to lower Delamaran stages (latest Stage 4 to perhaps basal Wuliuan) from the Pioche–Caliente region of east‐central Nevada,USA. Acid maceration of samples from the Combined Metals, Comet Shale and Susan Duster Limestone members of the Pioche Formation yielded more than 2000 sclerites. Based on careful examination of these sclerites and statistical analyses of co‐occurring sclerite types, we distinguish six species, each with a restricted stratigraphic range.Chancelloria imparMoore sp. nov. is the dominant species in most upper Dyeran samples.Archiasterella cometensisMoore sp. nov. andA. auriculataMoore sp. nov. are rare in the upper Dyeran but abundant in the lowest Delamaran;A. uncinataMoore sp. nov. andC. lilioidesMoore sp. nov. replace these in younger samples.A. auriculatais noteworthy for sharing features with species of bothArchiasterellaandChancelloria. These results provide further support for the taxonomic tractability and biostratigraphical utility of chancelloriid sclerites; large collections from single horizons allow intraspecific variability to be assessed and species to be distinguished. Our results document a taxonomic turnover in chancelloriids at the Dyeran–Delamaran boundary, showing that not only trilobites were affected at this time.
On nonparametric conditional independence tests for continuous variables
Authors: Li Chun , Fan Xiaodan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTesting conditional independence (CI) for continuous variables is a fundamental but challenging task in statistics. Many tests for this task are developed and used increasingly widely by data analysts. This article reviews the current status of the nonparametric part of these tests, which assumes no parametric form for the joint continuous density function. The different ways to approach the CI are summarized. Tests are also grouped according to their data assumptions and method types. A numerical comparison is also conducted for representative tests.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
On the Construction of Large Algebras Not Contained in the Image of the Borel Map
Authors: Esser Céline , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Borel map $$j^{\infty }$$j∞ takes germs at 0 of smooth functions to the sequence of iterated partial derivatives at 0. It is well known that the restriction of $$j^{\infty }$$j∞ to the germs of quasianalytic ultradifferentiable classes which are strictly containing the real analytic functions can never be onto the corresponding sequence space. In a recent paper the authors have studied the size of the image of $$j^{\infty }$$j∞ by using different approaches and worked in the general setting of quasianalytic ultradifferentiable classes defined by weight matrices. The aim of this paper is to show that the image of $$j^{\infty }$$j∞ is also small with respect to the notion of algebrability and we treat both the Cauchy product (convolution) and the pointwise product. In particular, a deep study of the stability of the considered spaces under the pointwise product is developed.
Evaluation of economic forecasts for Austria
Authors: Fortin Ines , Koch Sebastian P. , Weyerstrass Klaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate macroeconomic forecasts for Austria and analyze the effects of external assumptions on forecast errors. We consider the growth rates of real GDP and the demand components as well as the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. The analyses are based on univariate measures like RMSE and Theil’s inequality coefficient and also on the Mahalanobis distance, a multivariate measure that takes the variances of and the correlations between the variables into account. We compare forecasts generated by the two leading Austrian economic research institutes, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS) and the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO), and additionally consider the forecasts produced by the European Commission. The results indicate that there are no systematic differences between the forecasts of the two Austrian institutes, neither for the traditional measures nor for the Mahalanobis distance. Generally, forecasts become more accurate with a decreasing forecast horizon, as expected; they are unbiased for forecast horizons of less than a year considering traditional measures and for the shortest forecast horizon considering the Mahalanobis distance. Finally, we find that mistakes in external assumptions, in particular regarding EU GDP and the oil price, translate into forecast errors for GDP and inflation.
Browse potential of bristly locust, smooth sumac, and sericea lespedeza for small ruminants
Authors: Acharya M. , Ashworth A. J. , Burner D. M. , Burke J. M. , Pote D. H. , Muir J. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTemperate grass and legume yield and quality are markedly reduced during hot, dry summer months in the southern USA; therefore, browse species could add feed options for small ruminants during this season. Our objective was to compare total biomass yield and forage nutritive value of two browse species, leguminous bristly locust (Robinia hispida) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), as well as a leguminous shrub known as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate), during summer months (June, July, August and September). Plants were sampled monthly during growing-seasons in 2012 and 2013 to determine biomass yield (foliar, shoot, and total above ground) and foliar nutritive value [crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and condensed tannins (CT)]. There was a species × harvest time interaction for foliar biomass yield (P = 0.0125). This interaction was likely due to low yield in June for bristly locust compared with sericea lespedeza and smooth sumac, but in all other months (July, August, and September) yields were similar for each species. Bristly locust had the highest CP (16.9%), followed by sericea lespedeza (14.8%), and smooth sumac (12.3%). Acid detergent fiber and ADL were similar between bristly locust (ADF 38.5%; ADL 24.1%) and sericea lespedeza (ADF 38.4%; ADL 23.1%), but was lower for smooth sumac (ADF 22.1%, ADL 6.3%; P < 0.05). Condensed tannins, an anti-nutritive yet anti-parasitic phenolic compounds, were highest in smooth sumac, intermediate in bristly locust, and lowest in sericea lespedeza. Plant foliar percentage (ratio of foliar to shoot mass), was highest in smooth sumac (55.1%), followed by sericea lespedeza (47.7%), and bristly locust (42.6%). Overall, smooth sumac had the highest foliar biomass and lowest ADF and ADL; however, this species had the lowest CP and highest CT. Consequently, average foliar biomass yield of all three browse species in our study far exceeded forage yield from dominant forage species [tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and bermudagrass (Cyanodon dactylon)] in this region and may provide high-yielding, low input, anti-parasitic fodder for small ruminants during this period in the Southeastern U.S.
The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation
Authors: Kelbert Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeomagnetic disturbances cause perturbations in the Earth’s magnetic field which, by the principle of electromagnetic induction, in turn cause electric currents to flow in the Earth. These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) also enter man-made technological conductors that are grounded; notably, telegraph systems, submarine cables and pipelines, and, perhaps most significantly, electric power grids, where transformer groundings at power grid substations serve as entry points for GICs. The strength of the GICs that flow through a transformer depends on multiple factors, including the spatiotemporal signature of the geomagnetic disturbance, the geometry and specifications of the power grid, and the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth’s subsurface. Strong GICs are hazardous to power grids and other infrastructure; for example, they can severely damage transformers and thereby cause extensive blackouts. Extreme space weather is therefore hazardous to man-made technologies. The phenomena of extreme geomagnetic disturbances, including storms and substorms, and their effects on human activity are commonly referred to as geomagnetic hazards. Here, we provide a review of relevant GIC studies from around the world and describe their common and unique features, while focusing especially on the effects that the Earth’s electrical conductivity has on the GICs flowing in the electric power grids.