bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of a quasi-static magnetic field by a circularly polarised laser pulse due to tunnelling gas ionisation
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov I.M. , Bychenkov V.Yu. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a theoretical model of the quasi-static magnetic field generation in a laser channel, which is formed behind the front of a short laser pulse that ionises a gas. The generation of a magnetic field is caused by the appearance of the electron pressure anisotropy during tunnelling ionisation of atoms. In the considered case of subrelativistic laser light intensities, the generated magnetic field can reach ∼1 MG with an energy transformation ratio of about 1 %, which paves the way for identifying the proposed mechanism when use is made of a wide class of ultrashort pulse lasers.
Line curvature algorithm in laser ektacytometry of red blood cells
Authors: Nikitin S.Yu. , Ustinov V.D. , Shishkin S.D. , Lebedeva M.S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The iso-intensity line curvature algorithm in laser ektacytometry of red blood cells is investigated by numerical simulation. The algorithm is designed to measure the average deformability, as well as the width and asymmetry of the red blood cell deformability distribution in a blood sample under study. The accuracy and scope of the algorithm are determined. Using a bimodal ensemble as an example, the possibility of determining the fraction of weakly deformable red blood cells in a blood sample by laser ektacytometry is demonstrated.
Effect of the magnetic field on the size of nanoparticles obtained by ablation of a cobalt – copper target in a liquid
Authors: Tveryanovich Yu.S. , Abdrashitov G.O. , Menchikov L.G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Co – Cu nanoparticles were obtained by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid medium in a constant magnetic field. The organic solvent, hexane, served as a liquid medium. The influence of the magnetic field on the formation of nanoparticles was studied. It is shown that the magnetic field leads to a decrease in the size distribution width of the resulting nanoparticles.
Numerical simulation of the divergence and optical confinement factor of a semiconductor laser with an asymmetric periodic multilayer AlGaInAs/InP waveguide
Authors: Kurnosov V.D. , Kurnosov K.V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The divergence and optical confinement factor of a semiconductor laser with an asymmetric periodic (multilayer) waveguide are numerically simulated. The reasons for the choice of the given heterostructure design are explained, and the consequences of choosing other layer structures are considered. It is shown how to choose the active waveguide thickness, the active region position on the waveguide, and the multilayer waveguide grating period.
Decreasing the amplitude of macroscopic quantum fluctuations in the case of transient SRS
Authors: Didenko N.V. , Konyashchenko A.V. , Losev L.L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is shown experimentally that, under the conditions of transient stimulated Raman scattering, pumping by two successive orthogonally polarised laser pulses makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of macroscopic quantum energy fluctuations of a Stokes pulse by a factor of 4 in comparison with single-shot pumping. An energy dispersion of 0.9 % for the first Stokes component is obtained in hydrogen at a relative energy dispersion of ytterbium laser pulses of 0.4 %.
Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoclusters using pulsed laser ablation in liquid
Authors: Gurbatov S.O. , Mintcheva N. , Iwamori S. , Kulinich S.A. , Kuchmizhak A.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amorphous spherical titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, decorated gold nanoparticles, are shown to be formed under irradiation of commercial TiO2 nanopowders dispersed in aqueous solution of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) by second-harmonic nanosecond pulses of an Nd : YAG laser. It is found that these hybrid nanostructures are formed during laser-induced remelting of the initial nanoparticles, stimulated by gold nanoclusters (providing more efficient absorption of visible laser radiation by titanium dioxide) recovered on their surface. The morphology and chemical composition of the newly formed hybrid nanomaterials are investigated in detail by electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis. It is shown that the average size and number of gold nanoparticles recovered on the TiO2 surface can be controlled by varying the concentration ratio of the initial nanomaterial and HAuCl4. A spectroscopic analysis of light scattering by single hybrid nanoparticles and the results of numerical calculation of the structure of electromagnetic fields near their surface indicate good prospects of these hybrid nanomaterials for various applications in modern optics, optoelectronics, and nanophotonics; for example, for designing chemo- and biosensor platforms and new-generation solar cells.
Intrinsically disordered linkers control tethered kinases via effective concentration
Authors: Dyla Mateusz , Kjaergaard Magnus 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Kinases are often tethered to their substrates, and many phosphorylation reactions thus occur inside macromolecular complexes. However, it is currently not known how such tethering affects the rate of phosphorylation. We show that tethering can enhance the rate by orders of magnitude but that the enhancement is highly sensitive to the length of the linker. We provide an equation describing tethered reactions and show that their rates can only partially be predicted from untethered reactions. We suggest a mechanism for how changes in linkers and scaffolding proteins may alter the output of signaling pathways.
‘The Boat is full!’: predictors of perceived migrant group size and perceived right to stay for immigrants (‘¡El barco está lleno!’: predictores del tamaño percibido de los grupos migrantes y de su derecho a residir en el país)
Authors: Zagefka Hanna , Moftizadeh Nali , Barber Jessica , Lay Siugmin , Barn Ravinder 
Published: August 2020

Predictors of perceived population size and perceived right to reside in the UK were tested for immigrants to Britain. Two studies explored psychological responses of British respondents to immigration to the UK. A questionnaire study examined responses towards migrants living in the UK from India, Poland and Syria (Study 1, N = 136). In this study, perceived intergroup similarity and intergroup threat predicted intergroup affect, which in turn predicted estimates of the migrant group size and the perceived right of the migrants to reside in the UK. Study 2 ( N = 126) was an experiment which manipulated similarity and threat, and elicited responses towards a fictional migrant group, to get a better handle on the causal direction of effects observed in Study 1. Taken together, the studies showed that perceived population size and perceived right to reside in Britain were predicted by intergroup similarity, threat and affect.
Computational treatment of electron and photon collisions with atoms, ions, and molecules: the legacy of Philip G Burke
Authors: Bartschat Klaus , Brown Andrew , van der Hart Hugo W. , Colgan James , Scott NS , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This review summarizes the path-breaking contributions of Philip George Burke (1932–2019) to atomic, molecular, and optical physics, in particular the computational treatment of electron and photon collisions with atoms, ions, and molecules.
The role of anchoring groups in ruthenium(II)-bipyridine sensitized p-type semiconductor solar cells—a quantum chemical approach
Authors: Sen Anik , Kupfer Stephan , Gräfe Stefanie , Groβ Axel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ru(II)-bipyridine complexes connected with p-type semiconductors (p-SCs) are promising systems for photocatalytic applications such as in dye-sensitised solar cells. The photosensitizer-semiconductor interface—governed by the anchoring group—is of vital importance for the electronic properties of the systems as it determines the long-term stability to the semiconductor surface through its binding ability and also affects the hole injection from the dye to the semiconductor. In this contribution, the role of the anchoring groups in ruthenium(II)-bipyridine sensitized p-type semiconductor solar cells has been addressed by quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Both, the interaction of a series of anchoring groups with a NiO surface, as well as several thermodynamical parameter governing the efficiency of a Ru(II)-bipyridine dye coupled to these anchoring groups have been determined and analysed. Based on these calculations, new anchors for p-SC with improved properties are proposed. In addition, the influence of aliphatic spacers and the presence of solvents on the properties of the anchored Ru(II)-bipyridine complexes are thoroughly addressed.
Role of hole trapping by deep acceptors in electron-beam-induced current measurements in β-Ga2O3 vertical rectifiers
Authors: Yakimov E B , Polyakov A Y , Smirnov N B , Shchemerov I V , Vergeles P S , Yakimov E E , Chernykh A V , Xian Minghan , Ren F , Pearton S J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current increases in vertical-geometry Ga2O3 rectifiers during electron-beam-induced current measurements are dominated by the impact ionization of deep acceptors in the depletion region. At room temperature, mobile hole diffusion in the quasi-neutral region of Schottky diodes contributes significantly to the charge collection efficiency. Even when electron–hole pairs are created well inside the space charge region, there are significant losses of charge collection efficiency due to the trapping of holes by deep acceptors in the lower half of the bandgap. Capacitance–voltage profiling under illumination points to deep acceptors with optical ionization close to 2.3 eV as the most important agents of capture. Collection efficiency can be improved by increasing the electric field in the space charge region. The jump in collection efficiency at electric fields close to (5–6) × 105 V cm−1 is attributed to the impact ionization of these deep acceptors. These processes can manifest themselves in measurements of the impact ionization coefficients and breakdown voltages of β-Ga2O3 rectifiers and in analyses of the response times of β-Ga2O3 photodetectors.
Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties in 3d–5d based Sr2FeIrO6 thin films
Authors: Kharkwal K C , Patel Roshan Kumar , Asokan K , Pramanik A K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The structural, magnetic and dielectric properties have been investigated in 3d–5d based double perovskite Sr2FeIrO6 thin films deposited by pulse laser deposition technique. To understand the effect of strain, epitaxial films are grown with varying thickness as well as on different substrates i.e., SrTiO3 (100) and LaAlO3 (100). The films with highest thickness are found to be more relaxed. Atomic force microscope images indicate all films are of good quality where grain sizes increase with increase in film thickness. X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy measurements indicate a Ir5+ charge state in present films while providing a detailed picture of hybridization between Fe/Ir-d and O-p orbitals. The bulk antiferromagnetic transition is retained in films though the transition temperature shifts to higher temperature. Both dielectric constant (ϵ
r) and loss (tan  δ) show change around the magnetic ordering temperatures of bulk Sr2FeIrO6 indicating a close relation between dielectric and magnetic behaviors. A Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation is found to follow over whole frequency range down to low temperature in present film. On changing the substrate i.e., LaAlO3 (100), the ϵ
r(T) and (tan  δ(T)) show almost similar behavior but ϵ
r shows a higher value which is due to an increased strain coming from high mismatch of lattice parameters.
Upconversion nanoparticles extending the spectral sensitivity of silicon photodetectors to λ = 1.5 μm
Authors: Xiang Hengyang , Zhou Lei , Lin Hung-Ju , Hu Zhelu , Zhao Ni , Chen Zhuoying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The telecommunication wavelength of λ = 1.5 μm has been playing an important role in various fields. In particular, performing photodetection at this wavelength is challenging, demanding more performance stability and lower manufacturing cost. In this work,
upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)/Si hybrid photodetectors (hybrid PDs) are presented, made by integrating solution-processed Er3+-doped NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) onto a silicon photodetector. After optimization, we demonstrated that a layer of UCNPs can well lead to an effective spectral sensitivity extension without sacrificing the photodetection performance of the Si photodetector in the visible and near-infrared (near-IR) spectrum. Under λ = 1.5 μm illumination, the hybrid UCNPs/Si-PD exhibits a room-temperature detectivity of 6.15 × 1012 Jones and a response speed of 0.4 ms. These UCNPs/Si-PDs represent a promising hybrid strategy in the quest for low-cost and broadband photodetection that is sensitive in the spectrum from visible light down to the short-wave infrared.
Gender-dependent variations in optical illusions: evidence from N400 waveforms
Authors: Papageorgiou Charalabos , Stachtea Xanthi , Papageorgiou Panos , Alexandridis Antonio T , Makris Gerasimos , Chrousos George , Kosteletos George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective: The cognitive mechanisms (especially the gender-related ones) underlying optical illusion processing remain elusive. Since the N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is an index of the semantic integration of information processing tasks, the present study focuses on gender-related differences in N400 waveforms elicited during the reasoning process applied to reach a valid conclusion of optical illusions engaging working memory (WM). Approach: Fifty-one healthy participants (28 males, age = 34.25 years ± 10.25, years of education = 16.00 years ± 1.78; and 23 females, age = 33.43 ± 7.93, years of education = 15.56 ± 1.82) were measured. The N400 ERP component was evoked by 39 optical illusions adjusted to induce WM. We compared brain activation patterns while participants maintained conclusions of the optical illusions in WM. The N400 of ERPs was recorded during the WM phase, during which participants were required to draw a logical conclusion regarding the correctness of the optical illusions. Main results: Analysis revealed that females compared to males exhibited significantly increased N400 amplitudes located at parietal and occipital sites, whereas males exhibited significantly higher N400 amplitudes located at frontal areas. Furthermore, females compared to males demonstrated significantly prolonged latencies of the N400 component located at right frontotemporal abductions. Significance: These results suggest that coupling of optical illusions with WM engages distinct gender-related variations of brain semantic processing as reflected by the N400 ERP component. Based on the dual process account, our study gives support to the notion that women tend to employ a more deliberate and slower semantic reasoning than the men who tend to employ an automatic and fast one. Topographically, within the network sub-serving the semantic operation, the posterior brain areas responsible for sensorimotor integration-related processes elicit a greater brain activation among females while the anterior brain areas responsible for control and storage/retrieval operation elicit a greater brain activation among males.
Anisotropy and shaping effects on the stability boundaries of infernal ideal MHD modes in tokamak hybrid plasmas
Authors: Brunetti D , Ham C J , Graves J P , Wahlberg C , Cooper W A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Anisotropy and some limiting toroidal flow effects on the stability of nearly resonant ideal magnetohydrodynamic modes in hybrid shaped tokamak plasmas are investigated within the ideal MHD infernal mode framework. Such effects are found to alter the plasma magnetic well/hill, which can be interpreted as imparing the average curvature, and the strength of mode coupling. In line with previous results, it is found that better stability properties are achieved through deepening the magnetic well by special cases of uniform toroidal flow and parallel plasma anisotropy. Plasma shaping provides additional modifications to the magnetic well depth, whose global stabilising or destabilising effect depends on the mutual interplay of elongation, triangularity and toroidicity. Further stabilisation is achieved by weakening the mode drive in vertically elongated plasmas.
Electromagnetic pulse generation in laser-proton acceleration from conductive and dielectric targets
Authors: Seimetz M , Bellido P , Mur P , Lera R , Ruiz-de la Cruz A , Sánchez I , Zaffino R , Benlliure J , Ruiz C , Roso L , Benlloch JM 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Laser-plasma interactions at high intensities are often accompanied by emission of a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) interfering with particle detectors or other electronic equipment. We present experimental evidence for significant differences in noise amplitudes in laser-proton acceleration from aluminium as compared to mylar target foils. Such dissimilarities have been consistently observed throughout two series of measurements indicating that, under otherwise identical conditions, the target conductivity is the principal parameter related to EMP generation. In addition, the lateral size of the target foils correlates with the absolute noise levels. A frequency analysis combined with numerical simulations allows for an identification of several sources of radiofrequency emission in the MHz-GHz regime. Further, the temporal evolution of single frequencies on the nanosecond scale provides information on distinct excitation mechanisms.
Electron power absorption dynamics in magnetized capacitively coupled radio frequency oxygen discharges
Authors: Wang Li , Wen De-Qi , Hartmann Peter , Donkó Zoltán , Derzsi Aranka , Wang Xi-Feng , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian , Schulze Julian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The influence of a uniform magnetic field parallel to the electrodes on radio frequency capacitively coupled oxygen discharges driven at 13.56 MHz at a pressure of 100 mTorr is investigated by one-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (1D PIC/MCC) simulations. Increasing the magnetic field from 0 to 200 G is found to result in a drastic enhancement of the electron and the

O

2

+

ion density due to the enhanced confinement of electrons by the magnetic field. The time and space averaged O− ion density, however, is found to remain almost constant, since both the dissociative electron attachment (production channel of O−) and the associative electron detachment rate due to the collisions of negative ions with oxygen metastables (main loss channel of O−) are enhanced simultaneously. This is understood based on a detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal electron dynamics. The nearly constant O− density in conjunction with the increased electron density causes a significant reduction of the electronegativity and a pronounced change of the electron power absorption dynamics as a function of the externally applied magnetic field. While at low magnetic fields the discharge is operated in the electronegative drift-ambipolar mode, a transition to the electropositive α-mode is induced by increasing the magnetic field. Meanwhile, a strong electric field reversal is generated near each electrode during the local sheath collapse at high magnetic fields, which locally enhances the electron power absorption. A model of the electric field generation reveals that the reversed electric field is caused by the reduction of the electron flux to the electrodes due to their trapping by the magnetic field. The consequent changes of the plasma properties are expected to affect the applications of such discharges in etching, deposition and other semiconductor processing technologies.
Ion energies delivered by negative and positive ionization waves to flat dielectric surfaces
Authors: Babaeva Natalia Yu , Naidis George V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The information on typical values of ion energy and angular distributions (IEADs) on surfaces delivered by plasma jets is equally important for the plasma processing and plasma medicine. In this paper, we report on results from a 2D computational investigation of the IEADs when plasma jet interacts with a weakly conductive dielectric surface. The IEADs are computed using Monte Carlo techniques. The ion fluxes to surfaces are recorded simultaneously with IEADs. The results of this investigation suggest that ion energies on surfaces delivered by plasma jets can be rather high. In particular, we demonstrate that an ionization wave (IW) in plasma jets of positive cycle or pulse can produce ions with energies of a few eV. In case of negative IW the ions are almost thermalized.
Investigation of silicon surface passivation by sputtered amorphous silicon and thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide films using temperature- and injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Krishna , Nayak Mrutyunjay , Singh Sonpal , Komarala Vamsi K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface passivation has been investigated by sputtered hydrogenated intrinsic amorphous silicon (S-i-a-Si:H) and thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide (MoOx) thin films. The temperature- and injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy technique has been adopted for analyzing the passivation quality of the c-Si surface, using parameters such as the minority carrier effective lifetime (τeff), the activation energy of surface/interface defect states (ΔE), and the electron to hole carrier capture cross-section ratio (k) at the interface. With S-i-a-Si:H films, a τeff of ∼70 µs and ΔE of ∼51 meV have been observed in comparison to a τeff of ∼110 µs and ΔE of ∼109 meV from the MoOx films. These entirely different parameters are an indication of the relatively strong carrier recombination with dense interface/surface states from the S-i-a-Si:H passivation layers. The S-i-a-Si:H layers are unable to minimize the c-Si surface trap states with the chemical passivation for reducing carrier recombination due to the generation of additional surface defect states by the sputtering damage. However, the MoOx layers show better c-Si surface passivation due to the reduction of majority carriers by the carrier inversion (field-effect passivation) and chemical passivation. This effect is clearly reflected with the opposite trend in the carrier capture analysis from S-i-a-Si:H and MoOx layers.