bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and biological effects of goldenberry byproducts: an overview
Authors: Nocetti Diego , Núñez Hipólito , Puente Luis , Espinosa Alejandra , Romero Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGoldenberry is a wild fruit that has been widely used for centuries, mainly in folk medicine. Most studies of goldenberry have focused on the fruit, but new research has studied its byproducts, which were considered to be waste until recently. The main objective of our study was to systematize the published information regarding the composition of goldenberry byproducts (calyces, leaves, seeds, and pomace) and their effects on biological systems. Goldenberry byproducts contain minerals, amino acids, withanolides, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, thus representing good sources of these compounds. Some of their major biological effects include anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative effects. Information regarding their toxicity is also presented here. To determine the optimal dosage, further safety studies would be recommended to ensure the best health benefits of these compounds. The available evidence has demonstrated the nutritional value of different byproducts of goldenberry, suggesting them to be potential candidates for use in the cosmetic industry, in the preparation of functional foods, and in phytomedicine for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of some diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparative study of the modulation of the gut microbiota in rats by dietary intervention with different sources of egg‐white proteins
Authors: Yu Haichuan , Qiu Ning , Meng Yaqi , Keast Russell 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGut microflora dysbiosis has been related closely to a variety of diseases including obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Proteins and peptides in egg white have been found to alleviate inflammation but the role played by the intestinal flora is still unclear. Using casein as a dietary protein control, we investigated the effects of diets composed of hen egg white, duck egg white, and preserved egg white on gut microbiota in the rat cecum.RESULTSThe gut microbiota in rats were altered after egg‐white consumption. The results showed that rats fed with egg white had a similar overall structure of cecal bacterial communities, which was different from those fed with casein. The relative abundance of Akkermansia in the group of rats fed with hen egg white was highest among all groups. Rats fed with duck egg white had significantly higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Peptostreptococcaceae, and lower relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae. In addition, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) in rats fed with duck egg white and preserved egg white were lower than the levels in rats fed with hen egg white.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated the possible positive effect on homeostasis of the intestinal flora brought about by the intake of duck egg white. This study provides an insight into the potential positive impact of preserved egg white on health by changing gut microbiota and affecting the antigen load. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term prognostic factors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who survive over 10 years after hepatectomy
Authors: Shimada Shingo , Kamiyama Toshiya , Orimo Tatsuya , Nagatsu Akihisa , Asahi Yoh , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Kamachi Hirofumi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate long‐term prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who survived over 10 years after hepatectomy and compare prognostic factors between patients with recurrence who died and survived 10 years after initial hepatectomy.MethodsWe analyzed the HCC patients without recurrence over 10 years after hepatectomy (n = 35), those with recurrence who survived over 10 years (n = 48), and those who died within 10 years (n = 132).ResultsThe rate of recurrence was 16.3%, 10‐year overall survival rate was 38.6%, and the 10‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was 16.7%. Nonviral, solitary tumor, well differentiation, and without severe fibrosis were independent favorable factors for long‐term RFS. High cholinesterase levels, small tumors and without portal vein invasion were independent favorable factors for long‐term survival among patients with recurrence. Long‐term survivors with recurrence showed significantly low early recurrence, extrahepatic recurrence, multiple intrahepatic recurrences.ConclusionImportant factors for long‐term prognoses in HCC patients were a solitary tumor, small tumors, and no advanced fibrosis. A treatment for nonviral hepatitis is needed to achieve long‐term RFS. Even patients who relapse might survive long term if they have a late or solitary intrahepatic recurrence, nonsevere cirrhosis, and curative treatment at recurrence.
Determination of carbapenems in water samples by UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Wang Chengfei , Li Xiaowei , Lv Ziquan , Wang Yingyu , Ke Yuebin , Xia Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA rapid and reliable method for the detection of five carbapenems (biapenem, imipenem, doripenem, meropenem, and faropenem) in water was developed and validated. After acidification of water samples with acetic acid, carbapenems were isolated using a Bond Elut PPL cartridge. The target compounds were separated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with a chromatographic run time of 5 min and detected on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Mean recoveries were in the range of 76.6–106.5%, with satisfactory intraday and interday relative standard deviations lower than 10.0 and 10.8%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.05–0.2 µg/L and 0.1–0.5 µg/L, respectively, depending on the analyte. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of river samples and wastewater samples from swine farms, and no carbapenems were detected in the collected samples.
l‐Cysteine‐modified magnetic microspheres for extraction and quantification of saxitoxin in rat plasma with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jiajia , Zhu Jinglin , Li Yang , Huang Taomin , Li Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSaxitoxin, which is one of the most typical paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, ranks the highest intoxication rate of marine biological poisoning cases globally. Efficient clean‐up and extraction of saxitoxin from complex biological matrices are imperative for the analysis and concentration monitoring of the toxin when correlative poisoning cases happen. Herein, l‐cysteine‐modified magnetic microspheres based on metal‐organic coordination were synthesized by a facile approach and applied for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of saxitoxin from rat plasma samples before liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection. Parameters, including adsorbent amount, extraction time, desorption solution, and desorption time that could affect the extraction efficiency, were respectively investigated. The developed method demonstrated good linearity in the range of 5–300 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9985) with a limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL, acceptable accuracy. and precision of within‐run and between‐run.
Rapid screening of MMACHC gene mutations by high‐resolution melting curve analysis
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Yang , Cai Fengying , Zhang Xinjie , Xu Xiaowei , Li Yani , Zou Qianqian , Zheng Jie , Zhang Yuqin , Guo Wei , Cai Chunquan , Shu Jianbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCobalamin (cbl) C is a treatable rare hereditary disorder of cbl metabolism with autosomal recessive inheritance. It is the most common organic acidemia, manifested as methylmalonic academia combined with homocysteinemia. Early screening and diagnosis are important. The mutation spectrum of the MMACHC gene causing cblC varies among populations. The mutation spectrum in Chinese population is notably different from that in other populations.MethodsA PCR followed by high‐resolution melting curve analysis (PCR‐HRM) method covering all coding exons of MMACHC gene was designed to verify 14 pathogenic MMACHC gene variants found in patients with cblC, including all common mutations in Chinese patients with cblC.ResultBy PCR‐HRM analysis, 14 pathogenic variants of MMACHC showed distinctly different melting curves, which were consistent with Sanger sequencing. The homozygous type of the most common mutation c.609G > A (p.Trp203Ter) can also be analyzed by specially designed PCR‐HRM.ConclusionThe established PCR‐HRM method for screening common pathogenic MMACHC variants in Chinese patients with cblC has the advantages of high accuracy, high throughput, low cost, and high speed. It is suitable for the large‐sample screening of suspected children with methylmalonic acidemia and carriers in population.
U‐net‐based deformation vector field estimation for motion‐compensated 4D‐CBCT reconstruction
Authors: Huang Xiaokun , Zhang You , Chen Liyuan , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2020

PurposeFor four‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography (4D‐CBCT), its image quality is usually degraded by insufficient projections at each respiratory phase after phase‐sorting. Recently, we developed a simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) technique, which can improve lung 4D‐CBCT reconstruction quality by incorporating an interphase motion model generated as deformation vector fields (DVFs). Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction uses an intensity‐driven two‐dimensional (2D)‐three‐dimensional (3D) deformation technique to estimate these DVFs by intensity‐matching 2D projections. However, 2D‐3D deformation may fail to generate accurate intra‐lung DVFs, since the motion of intricate, small lung structures only leads to subtle intensity variations on 2D projections that are insufficient to drive accurate DVF optimization. This study is to develop convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based methods to fine‐tune the 2D‐3D deformation DVFs to improve the efficiency and accuracy of 4D‐CBCT reconstruction.MethodsWe built two U‐net‐based architectures for this study. The first architecture (U‐net‐3C) uses 2D‐3D deformation‐estimated DVFs (in three cardinal directions) as the input with three channels (3C), and outputs are fine‐tuned DVFs. For the second architecture (U‐net‐4C), the reference phase CBCT image reconstructed by SMEIR was added as an additional input channel (4C) to represent patient‐specific heterogeneous properties of the lung. The output fine‐tuned high‐quality DVFs of both models were input again into the SMEIR workflow, as an optimized motion model, to generate the final 4D‐CBCT.Both methods were evaluated on 11 lung patient cases, using fivefold cross‐validation. We also reconstructed 4D‐CBCTs by the original SMEIR and the SMEIR‐Bio (SMEIR with biomechanical modeling) algorithms for comparison. The 4D‐CBCT accuracy was quantitatively assessed through metrics including root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE), universal quality index (UQI), and normalized cross‐correlation (NCC). The DVF accuracy was evaluated by manually tracked lung landmarks. We also evaluated our proposed methods on the SPARE challenge dataset based on reconstructed 4D‐CBCT quality using the above metrics.ResultsThe average (±standard deviation) residual DVF errors of SMEIR‐U‐net‐3C, SMEIR‐U‐net‐4C, SMEIR‐Bio, and SMEIR were 3.88 ± 3.12 mm, 3.71 ± 2.90 mm, 3.75 ± 3.40 mm, and 5.73 ± 4.61 mm, respectively. The SMEIR‐U‐net‐3C and SMEIR‐U‐net‐4C generated images of generally improved RMSE, UQI, and NCC as compared to the other methods. Compared with SMERI‐U‐net‐3C, SMEIR‐U‐net‐4C has slightly higher 4D‐CBCT reconstruction and DVF estimation accuracy. For the SPARE dataset, the UQI for SMEIR‐U‐net‐3C, SMEIR‐U‐net‐4C, SMEIR‐Bio, and SMEIR were 0.96, 0.97, 0.96, and 0.94.ConclusionThe CNN‐based models can achieve fast (~10 s) and accurate DVF fine‐tuning to improve the efficiency and accuracy of 4D‐CBCT reconstruction.
Fulfillment by Amazon versus fulfillment by seller: An interpretable risk‐adjusted fulfillment model
Authors: Sun Libo , Lyu Guodong , Yu Yugang , Teo Chung‐Piaw 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith dual‐channel choices, E‐retailers fulfill their demands by either the inventory stored in third‐party distribution centers, or by in‐house inventory. In this article, using data from a wedding gown E‐retailer in China, we analyze the differences between two fulfillment choices—fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) and fulfillment by seller (FBS). In particular, we want to understand the impact of FBA that will bring to sales and profit, compared to FBS, and how the impact is related to product features such as sizes and colors. We develop a risk‐adjusted fulfillment model to address this problem, where the E‐retailer's risk attitude to FBA is incorporated. We denote the profit gaps between FBA and FBS as the rewards for this E‐retailer fulfilling products using FBA, our goal is to maximize the E‐retailer's total rewards using predictive analytics. We adopt the generalized linear model to predict the expected rewards, while controlling for the variability of the reward distribution. We apply our model on a set of real data, and develop an explicit decision rule that can be easily implemented in practice. The numerical experiments show that our interpretable decision rule can improve the E‐retailer's total rewards by more than 35%.
Pre‐thermal treatment in binary solvent systems promoting β crystalline phase of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers
Authors: Nuamcharoen Praewpanit , Kobayashi Takaomi , Potiyaraj Pranut , Shiozaki Makoto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning with an investigation of various ratios of binary solvents at different temperatures. The amount of acetone influenced the morphology. Scanning electron microscopy showed a PVDF membrane composed of smooth and unblemished fibers without beads and dark spots with small diameters of 201 ± 54 nm at a dimethylformamide‐to‐acetone ratio of 4:6. The temperature of pre‐thermal treatment from room temperature to 120 °C was investigated to promote the β crystalline phase in electrospun PVDF nanofibers. The result was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). PVDF solution prepared at 80 °C was used to increase the β crystalline phase of the electrospun PVDF nanofibers due to the transformation of α to β phase occurring during the spinning process and also bead‐free PVDF nanofibers were obtained. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed crystallization behavior corresponding with that determined using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD. Therefore, the solvent proportion and pretreatment temperature were observed to affect ultrafine nanofiber and crystalline structure of PVDF, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Examining the predictive validity of behavior screeners across measures and respondents
Authors: Jones Corey , Graybill Emily , Barger Brian , Roach Andrew T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThrough this study we compared different informants and different behavior screening tools that are available to screen for behavioral and emotional risk. We examined screening results from 100 students from a high school with a high achiever's magnet program in the Southeastern United States (school demographics: 71% female and 79% black, non‐Hispanic). This school conducted behavior screening using both teacher‐report via the Student Risk Screening Scale, Internalizing/Externalizing (SRSS‐IE) and student report via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Nonparametric correlation tests were conducted between the SRSS‐IE and SDQ externalizing and internalizing scores. Generalized linear regression models were created based on the data (demographics, internalizing, and externalizing scores on both screening tools) to model the two count outcomes (office discipline referrals [ODRs] and absences). Diagnostic accuracy metrics were generated from the scores on both the SRSS‐IE and SDQ with the outcome measures (ODRs and absences). Externalizing scores on both screening tools had statistically significant low correlations. The ODR model contained two predictors: externalizing score on the SRSS‐IE and internalizing score on the SDQ, while the absence model contained grade and the externalizing score on the SDQ. The highest accuracy and agreement values were seen between students with elevated risks on both screening measures and ODRs. The results confirmed that teacher and student reporting, as well as different screening tools, will result in some different students being identified. The choice of informant and screening tools should be dependent on the needs and resources of the school.
Rapid Proteomic Profiling by MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry for Better Brain Tumor Classification
Authors: Petre Graciane , Durand Harmonie , Pelletier Laurent , Poulenard Margot , Nugue Guillaume , Ray Pierre F. , Rendu John , Coutton Charles , Berger Francois , Bidart Marie 
Published: March 2020

PurposeGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive primary brain cancers. The precise grading of tumors is important to adopt the best follow‐up treatment but complementary methods to histopathological diagnosis still lack in achieving an unbiased and reliable classification.Experimental designTo progress in the field, a rapid Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization ‐ Time of Flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) protocole, devised for the identification and taxonomic classification of microorganisms and based on the analysis of whole cell extracts, was applied to glioma cell lines.ResultsThe analysis of different human glioblastoma cell lines permitted to identify distinct proteomic profiles thus demonstrating the ability of MALDI‐TOF to distinguish different malignant cell types.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn the study, the authors showed the ability of MALDI‐TOF profiling to discriminate glioblastoma cell lines, demonstrating that this technique could be used in complement to histological tumor classification. The proposed procedure is rapid and inexpensive and could be used to improve brain tumors classification and help propose a personalized and more efficient treatment.
Comparison of response adaptive randomization features in multiarm clinical trials with control
Authors: Viele Kert , Saville Benjamin R. , McGlothlin Anna , Broglio Kristine 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYWe investigate multiple features of response adaptive randomization (RAR) in the context of a multiple arm randomized trial with control, where the primary goal is the identification of the best arm for use in a broader patient population. We maintain constant control allocation and vary the length of time until RAR is started, interim frequency, the underlying quantity used to calculate the randomization probabilities, and a threshold resulting in temporary arm dropping. We evaluate the designs on five metrics measuring benefit to the internal trial population, the future external population, and statistical estimation. Our results indicate these features have minimal interaction within the space explored, with preference for earlier activation of RAR, more frequent interim analyses, randomizing in proportion to the probability each arm is the best, and aggressive thresholding for temporarily dropping arms. The results illustrate useful principles for maximizing the benefit of RAR in practice.
The attributable estimand: A new approach to account for intercurrent events
Authors: Darken Patrick , Nyberg Jack , Ballal Shaila , Wright David 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe term “intercurrent events” has recently been used to describe events in clinical trials that may complicate the definition and calculation of the treatment effect estimand. This paper focuses on the use of an attributable estimand to address intercurrent events. Those events that are considered to be adversely related to randomized treatment (eg, discontinuation due to adverse events or lack of efficacy) are considered attributable and handled with a composite estimand strategy, while a hypothetical estimand strategy is used for intercurrent events not considered to be related to randomized treatment (eg, unrelated adverse events). We explore several options for how to implement this approach and compare them to hypothetical “efficacy” and treatment policy estimand strategies through a series of simulation studies whose design is inspired by recent trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we illustrate through an analysis of a recently completed COPD trial.
Flexural behavior of lightweight concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars and prestressed with steel strands
Authors: Omrani Mohammad Hossein , Dehestani Mehdi , Yousefpour Hossein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present research is focused on developing efficient, durable flexural members by combining the use of lightweight concrete (LWC), fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, and prestressing. The use of LWC reduces the structural weight while providing suitable thermal insulation whereas using FRP bars instead of steel reinforcement provides corrosion resistance, light weight, high tensile strength, and fatigue resistance. Both materials possess smaller moduli of elasticity compared to those in materials within conventional construction, which may cause large deflections and excessive crack widths that are addressed via prestressing. Six LWC beam specimens were fabricated and tested, all of which contained FRP bars. Two specimens were not prestressed, one in under‐reinforced and the other in over‐reinforced conditions. The other four specimens contained different configurations of prestressing steel in addition to FRP bars. The experimental results were used to validate nonlinear finite element models in Abaqus. Results showed that of a prestress level of 6 MPa in concrete reduced the beam deflection at failure by 28% and increased the cracking load by three times. Therefore, a relatively small prestress level could compensate for the increase in deflection and possible cracking, which shows the merits of this combination in providing an optimal solution for the structural members of the future.
MiR‐20a inhibits the progression of human arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes and inflammatory factor expression by targeting ADAM10
Authors: Xie Zikang , Shen Pengfei , Qu Yuxing , Xu Jianda , Zheng Chong , Gao Yi , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMiR‐20a has been reported as a key regulator to pro‐inflammatory factor release in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), which caused rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the molecular mechanism of miR‐20a in RA remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR‐20a in RA pathology. RA (n = 24) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 20) and normal healthy tissues (n = 16) were collected from operation. TargetScan and dual‐luciferase reporter were performed to predict and confirm the potential binding sites of miR‐20a on ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10). Pearson's analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation between miR‐20a and ADAM10 expression. It was found that MiR‐20a was downregulated in RA tissues, and overexpressed miR‐20a inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and the expression of inflammatory factors in RA‐FLS MH7A cells. ADAM10 was identified as the target gene of miR‐20a, and upregulation of ADAM10 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐20a. In conclusion, miR‐20a inhibits the progression of RA‐FLS as well as the inflammatory factor expression by targeting ADAM10.