bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK4 as a novel regulator in acute lung injury
Authors: Mao Ling , Zhou Ya , Chen Longqing , Hu Lin , Liu Shiming , Zheng Wen , Zhao Juanjuan , Guo Mengmeng , Chen Chao , He Zhixu , Xu Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease with highly morbidity and mortality that causes serious health problems worldwide. Atypical mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play critical roles in the development of tissues and have been proposed as promising therapeutic targets for various diseases. However, the potential role of atypical MAPKs in ALI remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of atypical MAPKs family member MAPK4 in ALI using LPS-induced murine ALI model.

Results
We found that MAPK4 deficiency mice exhibited prolonged survival time after LPS challenge, accompanied by alleviated pathology in lung tissues, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered composition of immune cells in BALF. Furthermore, the transduction of related signaling pathways, including MK5, AKT, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways, was reduced obviously in LPS-treated MAPK4−/− mice. Notably, the expression of MAPK4 was up-regulated in lung tissues of ALI model, which was not related with MAPK4 promoter methylation, but negatively orchestrated by transcriptional factors NFKB1 and NR3C1. Further studies have shown that the expression of MAPK4 was also increased in LPS-treated macrophages. Meanwhile, MAPK4 deficiency reduced the expression of related pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophage in response to LPS treatment. Finally, MAPK4 knockdown using shRNA pre-treatment could ameliorate the pathology of lung tissues and prolong the survival time of mice after LPS challenge.

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings reveal an important biological function of atypical MAPK in mediating the pathology of ALI, indicating that MAPK4 might be a novel potential therapeutic target for ALI treatment.
Enhancing our conceptual understanding of state and trait self-efficacy by correlational analysis of four self-efficacy scales in people with spinal cord injury
Authors: van Diemen Tijn , Craig Ashley , van Nes Ilse J. W. ,   SELF-SCI Group, van Laake Charlotte , Bloemen Jos , Stolwijk-Swuste Janneke , Scholten Eline , Faber Willemijn , Boerrigter Joke , Beurskens Martine , Spijkerman Dorien , Postma Karin , Groenewegen Esther , Snoek Govert , Martens Iris , van Nes Ilse , van Diemen Tijn , Roels Ellen , Sprik Joke , Stolwijk-Swuste Janneke M. , Geertzen Jan H. B. , Middleton James , Post Marcel W. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelf-efficacy is an important determinant of adjustment following spinal cord injury. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief that one can successfully execute behavior required to produce the desired outcomes. In its original conceptualization, self-efficacy refers to the confidence that people have in their ability to accomplish specific tasks and behaviors within a specific context. Over the years these situation specific aspects have been unconfined and multiple constructs of self-efficacy have been proposed. The most common is a division in trait and state self-efficacy. Another used division that is utilized is between general, domain-specific and task-specific self-efficacy. The scientific support for these constructs is to date still unclear. The objective of this study was to enhance the understanding of the self-efficacy construct by comparing four self-efficacy scales designed to measure three aspects of self-efficacy (general versus domain-specific versus task-specific) in people with spinal cord injury.MethodsDutch and Australian adults with spinal cord injury (N = 140) completed four frequently used self-efficacy scales; the Moorong Self-efficacy Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, University of Washington Self-efficacy Scale and a Self-care Self-efficacy Scale approximately 6 months after their inpatient rehabilitation. Pearson correlations examined inter-relationships between the scales.ResultsHypothesized strong correlations between scales measuring similar aspects of self-efficacy were found (correlations 0.50–0.65). However, the hypothesized weak to moderate correlations between scales measuring diverging aspects of self-efficacy were only partly found (correlations 0.31–0.74), with 7 out of 12 correlations being strong instead of moderate.ConclusionsThe expected distinctions between the three aspects of self-efficacy was not demonstrated. All four scales measure a common latent construct, most likely general self-efficacy aspects. Further research is necessary to find ways to improve the measurement of domain-specific and task-specific aspects of SE, so that they are sensitive enough to capture change over time, and thus enhance clinical outcomes of people with SCI as they adjust to their disability.
What is beyond the edges? Gated communities and their role in China’s desire for harmonious cities
Authors: Hamama Badiaa , Liu Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the rapid process of urbanization in post-reform China, cities assumed the role of a catalyst for economic growth and quantitative construction. In this context, territorially bounded and well delimited urban cells, globally known as ‘gated communities’,xiaoqu, continued to define the very essence of Chinese cities becoming the most attractive urban form for city planners, real estate developers, and citizens alike. Considering the guidelines in China’s National New Urbanization Plan (2014–2020), focusing on the promotion of humanistic and harmonious cities, in addition to the directive of 2016 by China’s Central Urban Work Conference to open up the gates and ban the construction of new enclosed residential compounds, this paper raises the following questions: As the matrix of the Chinese urban fabric, what would be the role of the gated communities in China’s desire for a human-qualitative urbanism? And How to rethink the gated communities to meet the new urban challenges? Seeking alternative perspectives, this paper looks at the gated communities beyond the apparent limits they seem to represent, considering them not simply as the ‘cancer’ of Chinese cities, rather the container of the primary ingredients to reshape the urban fabric dominated by the gate.
Argument annotation and analysis using deep learning with attention mechanism in Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Suhartono Derwin , Gema Aryo Pradipta , Winton Suhendro , David Theodorus , Fanany Mohamad Ivan , Arymurthy Aniati Murni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArgumentation mining is a research field which focuses on sentences in type of argumentation. Argumentative sentences are often used in daily communication and have important role in each decision or conclusion making process. The research objective is to do observation in deep learning utilization combined with attention mechanism for argument annotation and analysis. Argument annotation is argument component classification from certain discourse to several classes. Classes include major claim, claim, premise and non-argumentative. Argument analysis points to argumentation characteristics and validity which are arranged into one topic. One of the analysis is about how to assess whether an established argument is categorized as sufficient or not. Dataset used for argument annotation and analysis is 402 persuasive essays. This data is translated into Bahasa Indonesia (mother tongue of Indonesia) to give overview about how it works with specific language other than English. Several deep learning models such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) are utilized for argument annotation and analysis while HAN (Hierarchical Attention Network) is utilized only for argument analysis. Attention mechanism is combined with the model as weighted access setter for a better performance. From the whole experiments, combination of deep learning and attention mechanism for argument annotation and analysis arrives in a better result compared with previous research.
Prevention, Detection and Response to incidences of substandard and falsified medical products in the Member States of the Southern African Development Community
Authors: Kniazkov Stanislav , Dube-Mwedzi Sakhile , Nikiema Jean-Baptiste 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Medical products are an integral and pivotal part of health care delivery. They need to be available, affordable and quality-assured. The SADC region is prone to threats arising from the availability and use of substandard and falsified (SF) medical products. This is something that needs to be actively addressed.

Method
A survey, constructed around four themes, was carried out between September 2018 and January 2019. The National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) of the 16 Member States within the SADC region were asked to respond to the survey questionnaire. The objective was to map existing fameworks, mechanisms and approaches to prevention, detection and response (PDR) to SF medical products.

Results
Responses were received from twelve out of the sixteen NMRAs. Only three of the twelve respondents had included elements for PDR for SF medical products in their national medicine policies. Regardless of the status in terms of policies, legislation is however in place for the majority of NMRAs. The mandate for regular sampling, an important detection mechanism, was enshrined in the legislation of nine of the twelve respondents. In terms of response mechanisms, six of the respondents had both inter-agency and intra-agency co-ordination for responding to SF products.

Conclusion
Though findings point to some deficiencies in terms of policies and implementation plans, the majority of countries have the mandate and legislation to deal with substandard and falsified medical products. Effective enforcement requires more investments into human resources, infrastructure, stakeholder coordination and public outreach. WHO has an important source of actionable information about incidience of substandard and falsified medical products. It needs to be leveraged to improve outreach to stakeholders and to raise awareness about SF problem and mechanisms available to address it. The extent, to which mechanisms and procedures are in place, varies. Some elements of the desired approach exist in the region; however, they will benefit from targeted strengthening to ensure a holistic approach across 12 action areas recommended by WHO.
Pose estimation by extended Kalman filter using noise covariance matrices based on sensor output
Authors: Saito Ayuko , Kizawa Satoru , Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Miyawaki Kazuto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an extended Kalman filter for pose estimation using noise covariance matrices based on sensor output. Compact and lightweight nine-axis motion sensors are used for motion analysis in widely various fields such as medical welfare and sports. A nine-axis motion sensor includes a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, and a three-axis magnetometer. Information obtained from the three sensors is useful for estimating joint angles using the Kalman filter. The extended Kalman filter is used widely for state estimation because it can estimate the status with a small computational load. However, determining the process and observation noise covariance matrices in the extended Kalman filter is complicated. The noise covariance matrices in the extended Kalman filter were found for this study based on the sensor output. Postural change appears in the gyroscope output because the rotational motion of the joints produces human movement. Therefore, the process noise covariance matrix was determined based on the gyroscope output. An observation noise covariance matrix was determined based on the accelerometer and magnetometer output because the two sensors’ outputs were used as observation values. During a laboratory experiment, the lower limb joint angles of three participants were measured using an optical 3D motion analysis system and nine-axis motion sensors while participants were walking. The lower limb joint angles estimated using the extended Kalman filter with noise covariance matrices based on sensor output were generally consistent with results obtained from the optical 3D motion analysis system. Furthermore, the lower limb joint angles were measured using nine-axis motion sensors while participants were running in place for about 100 s. The experiment results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for human pose estimation.
Rodent-mediated plant community competition: what happens to the seeds after entering the adjacent stands?
Authors: Kang Haibin , Chang Mingjie , Liu Shutong , Chao Zhi , Zhang Xinping , Wang Dexiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding animals can affect the developmental dynamics of plant communities. However, how animals might participate in plant inter-community competition has rarely been investigated. Forest community junction is an area where the competition between plant communities is most prominent and animal activity is more frequent. At present, little is known about how scatter-hoarding animals might assist competitions by adjacent plant communities. Thus, for 3 years (2015–2017), we tracked the fate of 2880 tagged seeds (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata, Pinus tabuliformis, and P. armandii seed) placed near an edge where the forest composition changes from a pine forest to an oak forest in northwestern China.

Results
We found that the seed fates differed when Quercus and Pinus seeds entered adjacent stands. In contrast to Pinus seeds, acorns that entered pine forests were characterized by higher caching rates and longer dispersal distances. Pinus seeds had the highest probability of being predated (85%) by rodents, and eleven Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seedlings were established in pine forests, although none survived in the later stages. In addition, rodents exhibited obvious selectivity in terms of the microhabitats for the seed caching sites.

Conclusions
Seed fates differed when Quercus and Pinus seeds entered adjacent stands. The predation pressure by rodents on the seeds of Pinus species limited the germination of seeds and seedling establishment in oak forests. The different seed fates after their bidirectional dispersal could affect the differences in natural regeneration between pine and oak forests, and they might increase the recruitment rates for oak at the edge of an adjacent community. Rodent-mediated seed dispersal could potential unintentionally affect the competition between plant communities.
Guidelines for oral fluid-based surveillance of viral pathogens in swine
Authors: Henao-Diaz Alexandra , Giménez-Lirola Luis , Baum David H. , Zimmerman Jeffrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent decades have seen both rapid growth and extensive consolidation in swine production. As a collateral effect, these changes have exacerbated the circulation of viruses and challenged our ability to prevent, control, and/or eliminate impactful swine diseases. Recent pandemic events in human and animal health, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 and African swine fever virus, highlight the fact that clinical observations are too slow and inaccurate to form the basis for effective health management decisions: systematic processes that provide timely, reliable data are required. Oral fluid-based surveillance reflects the adaptation of conventional testing methods to an alternative diagnostic specimen. The routine use of oral fluids in commercial farms for PRRSV and PCV2 surveillance was first proposed in 2008 as an efficient and practical improvement on individual pig sampling. Subsequent research expanded on this initial report to include the detection of ≥23 swine viral pathogens and the implementation of oral fluid-based surveillance in large swine populations (> 12,000 pigs). Herein we compile the current information regarding oral fluid collection methods, testing, and surveillance applications in swine production.
Long-term monitoring reveals invariant clutch size and unequal reproductive costs between sexes in a subtropical lacertid lizard
Authors: Lin Jhan-Wei , Chen Ying-Rong , Li Tsui-Wen , Shaner Pei-Jen L. , Lin Si-Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on 20,000 records representingc. 11,000 individuals from an 8-year capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study, we tested and confirmed a new case of invariant clutch size (ICS) in a sexually dichromatic lacertid lizard,Takydromus viridipunctatus. In the grassland habitat of the early succession stage, females showed strictly low and invariant clutch size, multiple clutches in a breeding season, high reproductive potential, and annual breeding cycles that correspond to the emergence of male courtship coloration. The hatchlings mature quickly, and join the adult cohort for breeding within a few months, whereas adults show low survival rates and a short lifespan, such that most die within one year. Mortality increased in both sexes during the breeding season, especially in females, indicating an unequal cost of reproduction in survival. These life history characters may be explained by two non-exclusive hypotheses of ICS—arboreal hypothesis and predation hypothesis—within the ecological context of their habitat. Our study highlights a confirmed case of ICS, which adapts well to thisr-selected grassland habitat that experiences seasonal fluctuation and frequent disturbance.
Leading indicators and maritime safety: predicting future risk with a machine learning approach
Authors: Kretschmann Lutz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe shipping industry has been quite successful in reducing the number of major accidents in the past. In order to continue this development in the future, innovative leading risk indicators can make a significant contribution. If designed properly, they enable a forward-looking identification and assessment of existing risks for ship and crew, which in turn allows the implementation of mitigating measures before adverse events occur. Right now, the opportunity for developing such leading risk indicators is positively influenced by the ongoing digital transformation in the maritime industry. With an increasing amount of data from ship operation becoming available, these can be exploited in innovative risk management solutions. By combining the idea of leading risk indicators with data and algorithm-based risk management methods, this paper firstly establishes a development framework for designing maritime risk models based on safety-related data collected onboard. Secondly, the development framework is applied in a proof of concept where an innovative machine learning-based approach is used to calculate a leading maritime risk indicator. Overall, findings confirm that a data- and algorithm-based approach can be used to determine a leading risk indicator per ship, even though the achieved model performance is not yet regarded as satisfactory and further research is planned.
Development and evaluation of the Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale - Dementia
Authors: Cheung Yin Bun , Teo Irene , Lim Wee Shiong , Hum Allyn , Neo Shirlyn H. S. , Yang Grace M. , Lee Geok Ling , Tan Gretchen , Seow Dennis C. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and evaluate a measurement scale for multi-domain assessment of the quality of life of family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) in Singapore, a multi-ethic society in South-East Asia where English is the lingua franca.

Methods
Items from the Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale (SCQOLS), which was originally developed in the context of advanced cancers, were adopted as candidate items. Furthermore, a multi-disciplinary panel reviewed dementia-specific caregiver quality of life scales to identified items not covered in SCQOLS for inclusion as candidate items. A pilot study of 31 family caregivers of PWD was conducted to solicit inputs on candidate items; 102 family caregivers of PWD were surveyed for evaluation of the scale’s measurement properties.

Results
Factor analysis confirmed a 5-domain structure of the 63 candidate items. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.056 and Comparative Fit Index was 0.928. Convergent validity of the total and domain scores was demonstrated in terms of correlation with the Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers and its sub-scales. The scores also showed an expected pattern of correlation with hours spent on caregiving per week. Known-group validity was demonstrated by differences in mean scores between functional staging groups. Cronbach’s alpha of the total and domain scores ranged from 0.89 to 0.95. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.77 to 0.92.

Conclusions
The Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale – Dementia (SCQOLS-D) is a quality of life measurement scale for family caregivers of persons with dementia that is valid and reliable.
Diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and high mobility group box 1 in patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Salih Khalid S. , Hamdan Farqad B. , Al-Mayah Qasim S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be involved in the epileptogenesis such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We aimed to evaluate serum levels and the diagnostic value of MMP-2 and HMGB1 in Iraqi patients with epilepsy.

Methods
One hundred epileptic patients comprised 60 controlled epileptics and 40 refractory patients to treatment with multi antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Other 50 family-unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were selected to represent the control group. Serum levels of MMP-2 and HMGB1 were estimated using ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers when required.

Results
MMP-2 level was significantly higher in controls than epileptic patients in general (controlled and refractory patients). ROC curve, showed poor diagnostic value of MMP-2 in discriminating epileptics into responsive or refractory to treatment from controls (AUC = 0.679 (95% CI = 0.536-0.823), and AUC = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.637-902), respectively). Serum HMGB1 level in epileptic patients and controls was in close approximation to each other.

Conclusions
MMP-2 is significantly decreased in patients particularly those with refractory epilepsy (RE); however, it has poor diagnostic value. No difference in the serum HMGB1 level between epileptic patients and controls.