bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NeuroTPR: A neuro‐net toponym recognition model for extracting locations from social media messages
Authors: Wang Jimin , Hu Yingjie , Joseph Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSocial media messages, such as tweets, are frequently used by people during natural disasters to share real‐time information and to report incidents. Within these messages, geographic locations are often described. Accurate recognition and geolocation of these locations are critical for reaching those in need. This article focuses on the first part of this process, namely recognizing locations from social media messages. While general named entity recognition tools are often used to recognize locations, their performance is limited due to the various language irregularities associated with social media text, such as informal sentence structures, inconsistent letter cases, name abbreviations, and misspellings. We present NeuroTPR, which is a Neuro‐net ToPonym Recognition model designed specifically with these linguistic irregularities in mind. Our approach extends a general bidirectional recurrent neural network model with a number of features designed to address the task of location recognition in social media messages. We also propose an automatic workflow for generating annotated data sets from Wikipedia articles for training toponym recognition models. We demonstrate NeuroTPR by applying it to three test data sets, including a Twitter data set from Hurricane Harvey, and comparing its performance with those of six baseline models.
Diarrhoeal disease knowledge among diarrhoea patient housholds: findings from the randomised controlled trial of the Cholera‐Hospital‐Based‐Intervention‐for‐7‐days (CHoBI7) mobile health program
Authors: Masud Jahed , Islam Bhuyian Md. Sazzadul , Kumar Biswas Shwapon , Zohura Fatema , Perin Jamie , Papri Nowshin , Dil Farzana Fahmida , Parvin Tahmina , Monira Shirajum , Alam Munirul , George Christine Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Cholera‐Hospital‐Based‐Intervention‐for‐7‐days (CHoBI7) handwashing with soap and water treatment mobile health (mHealth) program on diarrhoeal disease knowledge among diarrhoea patients and their household members in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA cluster‐randomised controlled trial of the CHoBI7 mHealth program was conducted among diarrhoea patient households in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients were randomised to three arms: standard recommendation on oral rehydration solution use; health facility delivery of CHoBI7 plus mHealth (weekly voice and text messages) (no home visits); and health facility delivery of CHoBI7 plus two home visits and mHealth. An open‐ended questionnaire was administered to 1468 participants 12 years of age or older on diarrhoeal disease transmission and prevention. These items were combined to form a diarrhoeal disease knowledge score measured at baseline and at a 1 week, 6 month and 12 month follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, when participants were asked to report three ways diarrhoeal diseases were spread 37% (546/1468) of participants reported by water, 13% (187/1468) by lack of handwashing and 4% (53/1468) by food not being covered properly. At baseline when asked to name three ways diarrhoeal diseases could be prevented, 35% (515/1468) of participants reported safe water, and 16% (228/1468) reported handwashing with soap. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the overall diarrhoeal disease knowledge score was significantly higher in the mHealth with no home visits arm (score coefficient: 0.69, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.36, 1.01, P < 0.0001) and the mHealth with two home visits arm (score coefficient: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.49, P < 0.0001) compared with the standard recommendation arm.ConclusionThe CHoBI7 mHealth program significantly increased knowledge of diarrhoeal disease transmission and prevention among diarrhoea patients and their household members 12 months after in‐person visits for program delivery were conducted.
Oxidative red blood cell damage associated with propofol and intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog treated for 5‐fluorouracil toxicosis
Authors: Romans Cory W. , Day Thomas K. , Smith Joshua J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the first documented case of oxidant‐induced anemia in a dog associated with propofol and IV lipid emulsion (IVLE) treatment for 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) toxicosis.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old male intact mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation after ingestion of 5% 5‐FU cream. Refractory reactive seizures rapidly developed, and treatment with benzodiazepines, propofol, levetiracetam, and IVLE was initiated. The dog was euthanized due to development of marked oxidant‐induced anemia.New Information ProvidedThis report documents the first instance of oxidant‐induced anemia in the dog, associated with propofol and IVLE infusion therapy prescribed for treatment of 5‐FU toxicosis.
Exploring populist styles of political discourse in Twitter
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn public controversy after the Brexit referendum, social media played a prominent role. In particular, veteran populist anti‐EU campaigner Nigel Farage used Twitter as a powerful weapon to further his cause. This paper compares a corpus of Farage's tweets in 2017–2018 with those by four other prominent British politicians (May, Johnson, Corbyn and Starmer). Quantitative corpus linguistics techniques are combined with qualitative analysis to examine how Farage creates a distinctive discursive style that is both down‐to‐earth and emotive. Various markers of register and affect are identified, and three core aspects of Farage's populist appeal to ‘the people’ are outlined, including the projection of negative emotions, especially anger/violence; the use of questions to provoke reactions; and the deployment of colloquial expressions and catchphrases to resonate with popular audiences and claim the status of ‘common sense’.
Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada
Authors: Gąsiorek Piotr , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe family Hypsibiidae comprises four subfamilies, among which Itaquasconinae are the most abundant in genera. Although being morphologically diverse and cosmopolitan, itaquasconins are scarcely reported and their taxonomy is entangled. Here, we present a phylogeny based on three DNA markers and morphological clues obtained from a detailed scanning electron microscopy analysis of bucco‐pharyngeal apparatuses of 25 species representing seven genera. Our study revealed that (a) the polyphyletic Adropion consists of at least three evolutionary lineages, with Guidettion gen. nov. being the sister group of all remaining itaquasconins; (b) stylet supports were independently lost in Astatumen and Insulobius gen. nov.; (c) pharyngeal tube annulation can be divided into two general types, simple and complex, and is stable at the genus level, but being homoplasious (similarly to the apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles and the shape of the claw bases), it is not useful in inferring phyletic relationships within the subfamily; and (d) Astatumen and Platicrista contain numerous similar species, challenging the current taxonomic classification; moreover, (e) three new taxa are proposed to accommodate the newly recognised lineages: Guidettion gen. nov. (the former Adropion prorsirostre group), Insulobius gen. nov. (for a new Malayan species with a mixture of Astatumen and Itaquascon traits), and Raribius gen. nov. (former Itaquascon spp. with an elongated and narrowed pharyngeal tube terminating with a spherical pharynx). The simple type of annulation is synapomorphic to Hypsibiidae, with single reversals to the uniform buccal tube in Parascon (Itaquasconinae) and in Hypsibiinae. The pharyngeal tube evolved convergently several times, and is of different character in classes Heterotardigrada and Eutardigrada.
Cuspidal cohomology of stacks of shtukas
Authors: Xue Cong 
Published: May 2020

Let$G$be a connected split reductive group over a finite field$\mathbb{F}_{q}$and$X$a smooth projective geometrically connected curve over$\mathbb{F}_{q}$. The$\ell$-adic cohomology of stacks of$G$-shtukas is a generalization of the space of automorphic forms with compact support over the function field of$X$. In this paper, we construct a constant term morphism on the cohomology of stacks of shtukas which is a generalization of the constant term morphism for automorphic forms. We also define the cuspidal cohomology which generalizes the space of cuspidal automorphic forms. Then we show that the cuspidal cohomology has finite dimension and that it is equal to the (rationally) Hecke-finite cohomology defined by V. Lafforgue.
A murine model of the exercise pressor reflex
Authors: Li Qinglu , Garry Mary G. 
Published: May 2020

Key points
The decerebrate mouse provides a novel working model of the exercise pressor reflex (EPR).
The decerebrate mouse model of the EPR is similar to the previously described decerebrate rat model.
Studying the EPR in transgenic mouse models can define exact mechanisms of the EPR in health and disease.

AbstractThe exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is defined by a rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in response to exercise and is necessary to match metabolic demand and prevent premature fatigue. While this reflex is readily tested in humans, mechanistic studies are largely infeasible. Here, we have developed a novel murine model of the EPR to allow for mechanistic studies in various mouse models. We observed that ventral root stimulation (VRS) in an anaesthetized mouse causes a depressor response and a reduction in HR. In contrast, the same stimulation in a decerebrate mouse causes a rise in MAP and HR which is abolished by dorsal rhizotomy or by neuromuscular blockade. Moreover, we demonstrate a reduced MAP response to VRS using TRPV1 antagonism or in Trpv1 null mice while the response to passive stretch remains intact. Additionally, we demonstrate that intra‐arterial infusion of capsaicin results in a dose‐related rise in MAP and HR that is significantly reduced by a selective and potent TRPV1 antagonist or is completely abolished in Trpv1 null mice. These data serve to validate the development of a decerebrate mouse model for the study of cardiovascular responses to exercise and further define the role of the TRPV1 receptor in mediating the EPR. This novel model will allow for extensive study of the EPR in unlimited transgenic and mutant mouse lines, and for an unprecedented exploration of the molecular mechanisms that control cardiovascular responses to exercise in health and disease.
Rapid Estimate of Wind Turbine Energy Loss Due to Blade Leading Edge Delamination Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Campobasso M. Sergio , Cavazzini Anna , Minisci Edmondo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Estimating reliably and rapidly the losses of wind turbine annual energy production due to blade surface damage is essential for optimizing maintenance planning and, in the case of leading edge erosion, assessing the need for protective coatings. These requirements prompted the development of the prototype system presented herein, using machine learning, wind turbine engineering codes, and computational fluid dynamics to estimate annual energy production losses due to blade leading edge delamination. The power curve of a turbine with nominal and damaged blade surfaces is determined, respectively, with the open-source FAST and AeroDyn codes of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, both using the blade element momentum theory for turbine aerodynamics. The loss prediction system is designed to map a given three-dimensional geometry of a damaged blade onto a damaged airfoil database, which, in this study, features 6000+ airfoil geometries, each analyzed with Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics over the working range of angles of attack. To avoid lengthy aerodynamic analyses to assess losses due to damages monitored during turbine operation, the airfoil force data of a damaged turbine required by AeroDyn are rapidly obtained using a machine learning method trained using the pre-existing airfoil database. Presented results demonstrate that realistic estimates of the annual energy production loss of a utility-scale offshore turbine due to leading edge delamination are obtained in just a few seconds using a standard desktop computer. This highlights viability and industrial impact of this new technology for managing wind farm energy losses due to blade erosion.
Optimization of Axial Vibration Attenuation of Periodic Structure With Nonlinear Stiffness Without Addition of Mass
Authors: Vasconcellos Diego P. , Silveira Marcos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We explore the vibration attenuation of a periodic structure when one absorber with nonlinear cubic stiffness is included without increasing the total mass. Metastructures, and specifically periodic structures, present interesting characteristics for vibration attenuation that are not found in classical structures. These characteristics have been explored for automotive and aerospace applications, among others, as structures with low mass are paramount for these industries, and keeping low vibration levels in wide frequency range is also desirable. It has been shown that the addition of vibration absorbers in a periodic arrangement can provide vibration attenuation for shock input without increasing the total mass of a structure. In this work, the dynamical response of a metastructure with one nonlinear vibration absorber, with same mass as original structure, optimized for vibration attenuation under harmonic input is compared with a base metastructure without absorbers and a metastructure with linear absorbers via the evaluation of the H2 norm of the frequency response. A simplified approach is used to compare linear and nonlinear stiffness based on deformation energy, by considering linear and nonlinear restoring forces to be equal at mean deformation. The dynamical response of the optimal system is obtained numerically, and an optimization procedure based on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is proposed to find the optimal position and stiffness coefficients of only one nonlinear absorber, showing that it results in lower level of vibrations than original structure and than structure with linear absorbers, while almost the same level as a structure with all nonlinear absorbers.
A Damage Criterion to Predict the Fatigue Life of Steel Pipelines Based on Indentation Measurements
Authors: Drumond Geovana , Roudet Francine , Chicot Didier , Pinheiro Bianca , Pasqualino Ilson 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of surface microhardness on different phases of fatigue damage. This helps to estimate the evolution of the material resistance from microplastic distortions and gives pertinent data about cumulated fatigue damage. The objective of this work is to propose a damage criterion, associated with microstructural changes, to predict the fatigue life of steel structures submitted to cyclic loads before macroscopic cracking. Instrumented indentation tests (IIT) were conducted on test samples submitted to high cycle fatigue (HCF) loads. To evaluate the role of the microstructure initial state, the material was considered in two different conditions: as-received and annealed. It was observed that significant changes in the microhardness values happened at the surface and subsurface of the material, up to 2 µm of indentation depth, and around 21% and 7% of the fatigue life for as-received and annealed conditions, respectively. These percentages were identified as a critical period for microstructural changes, which was taken as a reference in a damage criterion to predict the number of cycles to fatigue failure (Nf) of a steel structure.
Coupled Piezoelectric Phononic Crystal for Adaptive Broadband Wave Attenuation by Destructive Interference
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Zhang Xin , Yan Ruqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report a piezoelectric phononic crystal plate featuring broadband wave attenuation. In the piezoelectric phononic crystal system, the transmitted elastic wave is attenuated owing to destructive interference by taking advantages of phase difference. The proposed concept is applied to a piezoelectric phononic crystal plate synthesized by functional dual-lane units that yields phase difference. Whereas, the piezoelectric unit-cells are connected negative capacitance shunt circuits individually. Our analysis shows that the coupled phononic crystal has a strong broadband low-frequency wave attenuation capability. The bandwidth of 10 dB wave attenuation is broadened by 34 times in the vicinity of 5 kHz comparing to that of a local resonance metamaterial under the same mechanical configuration. Moreover, the frequency range of wave attenuation of the proposed system can be online adjusted through the modification of the external shunt circuits.
Exploring Elastoplastic Constitutive Law of Microstructured Materials Through Artificial Neural Network—A Mechanistic-Based Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Yang Hang , Qiu Hai , Xiang Qian , Tang Shan , Guo Xu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a data-driven approach for constructing elastoplastic constitutive law of microstructured materials is proposed by combining the insights from plasticity theory and the tools of artificial intelligence (i.e., constructing yielding function through ANN) to reduce the required amount of data for machine learning. Illustrative examples show that the constitutive laws constructed by the present approach can be used to solve the boundary value problems (BVPs) involving elastoplastic materials with microstructures under complex loading paths (e.g., cyclic/reverse loading) effectively. The limitation of the proposed approach is also discussed.
Analysis of Paradoxical Efficacy of Carbapenems against Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Murine Model of Lethal Peritonitis
Authors: Roujansky Ariane , de Lastours Victoire , Guérin François , Chau Françoise , Cheminet Geoffrey , Massias Laurent , Cattoir Vincent , Fantin Bruno 
Published: May 2020

The clinical benefit of carbapenems against carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(CPE) remains in question. MICs of imipenem (IMP) and ertapenem (ERT) against isogenic derivatives of the wild-type strain
Escherichia coli
CFT073 producing KPC-3, OXA-48, or NDM-1 were 0.25, 2, 16, and 64 mg/liter for IMP and 0.008, 0.5, 8, and 64 mg/liter for ERT, respectively. Swiss ICR-strain mice with peritonitis were treated for 24 h with IMP or ERT. Despite a limited duration of time during which free antibiotic concentrations were above the MIC (down to 0% for the NDM-1-producing strain), IMP and ERT significantly reduced bacterial counts in spleen and peritoneal fluid at 24 h (
P
< 0.
Impact of contact versus non-contact wide-angle viewing systems on outcomes of primary retinal detachment repair (PRO study report number 5)
Authors: Tieger Marisa G. , Rodriguez Marianeli , Wang Jay C. , Obeid Anthony , Ryan Claire , Gao Xinxiao , Kakulavarapu Srividya , Mardis Patrick J. , Madhava Malika L. , Maloney Sean M. , Adika Adam Z. , Peddada Krishi V. , Sioufi Kareem , Stefater James A. , Forbes Nora J. , Capone Jr. Antonio , Emerson Geoffrey G. , Joseph Daniel P. , Regillo Carl , Hsu Jason , Gupta Omesh , Eliott Dean , Ryan Edwin H. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2020

Background/aimsVitrectomy to repair retinal detachment is often performed with either non-contact wide-angle viewing systems or wide-angle contact viewing systems. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the viewing system used is associated with any differences in surgical outcomes of vitrectomy for primary non-complex retinal detachment repair.MethodsThis is a multicenter, interventional, retrospective, comparative study. Eyes that underwent non-complex primary retinal detachment repair by either pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone or in combination with scleral buckle/PPV in 2015 were evaluated. The viewing system at the time of the retinal detachment repair was identified and preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 2256 eyes were included in our analysis. Of those, 1893 surgeries used a non-contact viewing system, while 363 used a contact lens system. There was no statistically significant difference in single surgery anatomic success at 3 months (p=0.72), or final anatomic success (p=0.40). Average postoperative visual acuity for the contact-based cases was logMAR 0.345 (20/44 Snellen equivalent) compared with 0.475 (20/60 Snellen equivalent) for non-contact (p=0.001). After controlling for numerous confounding variables in multivariable analysis, viewing system choice was no longer statistically significant (p=0.097).ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference in anatomic success achieved for primary retinal detachment repair when comparing non-contact viewing systems to contact lens systems. Postoperative visual acuity was better in the contact-based group but this was not statistically significant when confounding factors were controlled for.
No detectable remodelling in adult human menisci: an analysis based on the C14bomb pulse
Authors: Våben Christoffer , Heinemeier Katja M , Schjerling Peter , Olsen Jesper , Petersen Michael Mørk , Kjaer Michael , Krogsgaard Michael R 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesBone and other human tissues remodel through life, for example, as a response to increasing load, and this prevents permanent destruction of the tissue. Non-traumatic meniscal rupture is a common musculoskeletal disease, but it is unknown if it is caused by inability of the menisci to remodel. The aim of this study was to determine whether meniscal collagen is remodelling throughout life.MethodsThe life-long turnover of the human meniscal collagens was explored by the14C bomb pulse method.14C levels were determined in menisci from 18 patients with osteoarthritis and 7 patients with healthy knees.ResultsThere was a negligible turnover of the meniscal collagen in adults. This low turnover was observed in menisci from patients with knee osteoarthritis and in healthy menisci.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that essentially no remodelling occurs in the adult human meniscal collagen structure and explains the clinical degeneration that is often seen in menisci of middle-aged and elderly persons. It suggests that strengthening of the collagen structure of menisci, as response to physical activity, may occur during childhood, while it is not possible in the adult population.