bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different methods of measuring angle of progression in prediction of labor outcome
Authors: Frick A. , Kostiv V. , Vojtassakova D. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesFirst, to compare the manual sagittal and parasagittal and automated parasagittal methods of measuring the angle of progression (AoP) by transperineal ultrasound during labor, and, second, to develop models for the prediction of time to delivery and need for Cesarean section (CS) for failure to progress (FTP) in a population of patients undergoing induction of labor.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of transperineal ultrasound in a cohort of 512 women with a singleton pregnancy undergoing induction of labor. A random selection of 50 stored images was assessed for inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of AoP measurements using the manual sagittal and parasagittal and automated parasagittal methods. In cases of vaginal delivery, univariate linear, multiple linear and quantile regression analyses were performed to predict time to delivery. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to predict CS for FTP in the first stage of labor.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the manual parasagittal method for a single observer was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) and for two observers it was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98), indicating good reliability. The ICC for the sagittal method for a single observer was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.96) and for two observers it was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58–0.84), indicating moderate reliability for a single observer and poor reliability between two observers. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated narrower limits of agreement for the manual parasagittal approach than for the sagittal approach for both a single and two observers. The automated parasagittal method failed to capture an image in 19% of cases. The mean difference in AoP measurements between the sagittal and manual parasagittal methods was 11°. In pregnancies resulting in vaginal delivery, 54% of the variation in time to delivery was explained in a model combining parity, epidural and syntocinon use during labor and the sonographic findings of fetal head position and AoP. In the prediction of CS for FTP in the first stage of labor, a model which combined maternal factors with the sonographic measurements of AoP and estimated fetal weight was superior to one utilizing maternal factors alone (area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve, 0.80 vs 0.76).ConclusionsFirst, the method of measuring AoP with the greatest reliability is the manual parasagittal technique and future research should focus on this technique. Second, over half of the variation in time to vaginal delivery can be explained by a model that combines maternal factors, pregnancy characteristics and ultrasound findings. Third, the ability of AoP to provide clinically useful prediction of CS for FTP in the first stage of labor is limited. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Crime reconstruction and the role of trace materials from crime scene to court
Authors: Morgan Ruth M. , Meakin Georgina E. , French James C. , Nakhaeizadeh Sherry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCrime reconstruction takes place in a complex ecosystem and needs to be responsive to the context of each case. For accurate, reproducible and transparent crime reconstructions to take place, a holistic approach is needed that considers the different stakeholders, different types of trace material, integral human decision‐making and interconnected nature of the forensic science process. For robust reconstruction, there needs to be a consideration of both the distinctive types of trace material that can contribute to the reconstruction, and an understanding of the interplay of human decision‐making within reconstruction approaches. In addition, it is also necessary to consider source attribution of a trace material in addition to the activities that led to the generation, identification, transfer, and persistence of the trace. This requires explicit and tacit forms of knowledge, and an incorporation of the inherent uncertainty and risk in the reconstruction approach. The communication of conclusions reached in a crime reconstruction that address what the evidence means is also an important consideration given the different requirements of intelligence and evidence. Therefore, undertaking a crime reconstruction within a holistic framework that seeks to incorporate the complexity of the forensic science ecosystem is valuable for achieving a problem solving approach that offers reproducible, transparent reconstructions with a clear articulation of risk and uncertainty that can be of value to investigators and the courts.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Reconstruction
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Internet of Things and data analytics: A current review
Authors: Mohindru Gaurav , Mondal Koushik , Banka Haider 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the advent of Internet and computing, we entered into an era with more people exchanging information over the Internet using devices like desktops, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, and similar data transmitting and receiving gadgets. This was a host centric communication approach. Internet of Things (IoT) is the next stage of technological advancement in computation, networking and communication with physical objects around the world getting connected to the network and exchanging data. This is an information centric approach. Thus it can be defined as an expanding physical network of dynamically increasing physical objects. The objects share information derived from their environments, reliably, and securely over the communication medium leveraging multiple protocols. The protocols involved are getting standardized to address the compatibility and interoperability issues. Each object connected is uniquely identified and controlled in the network. IoT finds its applications in many fields as environment monitoring, logistics, health care, automobile, controlled industrial environment, smart cities, and many more. As the devices, their cardinality and alignment, the data type, the data rate and specifics of the domain of the IoT applications vary; there is also a need to define architectures that incorporate the devices, communication mediums, storage, and analysis capabilities and the consumers of the derived output. Advancements in data analytics, machine learning, and digital technologies offer possibilities of derive meaningful intelligence for actionable output and in creating useful and context aware applications.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Application Areas > Internet
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Modular invariance, tauberian theorems and microcanonical entropy
Authors: Mukhametzhanov Baur , Zhiboedav Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyze modular invariance drawing inspiration from tauberian theorems. Given a modular invariant partition function with a positive spectral density, we derive lower and upper bounds on the number of operators within a given energy interval. They are most revealing at high energies. In this limit we rigorously derive the Cardy formula for the microcanonical entropy together with optimal error estimates for various widths of the averaging energy shell. We identify a new universal contribution to the microcanonical entropy controlled by the central charge and the width of the shell. We derive an upper bound on the spacings between Virasoro primaries. Analogous results are obtained in holographic 2d CFTs. We also study partition functions with a UV cutoff. Control over error estimates allows us to probe operators beyond the unity in the modularity condition. We check our results in the 2d Ising model and the Monster CFT and find perfect agreement.
Antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity of 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines: a review
Authors: Paruch Kinga , Popiołek Łukasz , Wujec Monika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the last 20 years there has been a significant increase in interest in the structure of oxadiazole derivatives, especially 3-acetyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. It is known that these derivatives possess: antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, antiprotozoal, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, many medicinal chemists choose 3-acetyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline scaffold for the synthesis of new potentially active substances with a better effectiveness and less toxicity. This article is a literature review since 2000 presenting new derivatives with proven antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity, containing in its structure a 3-acetyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline system.
Endovascular Treatment of Small Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (<5 mm)
Authors: Peng Fei , Feng Xin , Tong Xin , Zhang Baorui , Wang Luyao , Guo Erkang , Qi Peng , Lu Jun , Wu Zhongxue , Wang Daming , Liu Aihua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes and their related predictors in endovascular treatment (EVT) of small (<5 mm) ruptured intracranial aneurysms (SRA).

Methods
The study retrospectively reviewed patients with SRAs who underwent EVT between September 2011 and December 2016 in two Chinese stroke centers. Medical charts and telephone call follow-up were used to identify the overall unfavorable clinical outcomes (OUCO, modified Rankin score ≤2) and any recanalization or retreatment. The independent predictors of OUCO and recanalization were studied using univariate and multivariate analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the predictors of retreatment.

Results
In this study 272 SRAs were included with a median follow-up period of 5.0 years (interquartile range 3.5–6.5 years) and 231 patients with over 1171 aneurysm-years were contacted. Among these, OUCO, recanalization, and retreatment occurred in 20 (7.4%), 24 (12.8%), and 11 (7.1%) patients, respectively. Aneurysms accompanied by parent vessel stenosis (AAPVS), high Hunt-Hess grade, high Fisher grade, and intraoperative thrombogenesis in the parent artery (ITPA) were the independent predictors of OUCO. A wide neck was found to be a predictor of recanalization. The 11 retreatments included 1 case of surgical clipping, 6 cases of coiling, and 4 cases of stent-assisted coiling. A wide neck and AAPVS were the related predictors.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated relatively favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes in EVT of SRAs in long-term follow-up of up to 5 years. THE AAPVS, as a morphological indicator of the parent artery for both OUCO and retreatment, needs further validation.
The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification
Authors: Carracedo Miguel , Artiach Gonzalo , Arnardottir Hildur , Bäck Magnus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. The proresolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) is formed by enzymatic conversion of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and signals resolution of inflammation through its receptor ChemR23. Importantly, the resolution of cardiovascular inflammation is an active, multifactorial process that involves modulation of the immune response, direct actions on the vascular wall, as well as close interactions between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Promoting anti-atherogenic signalling through the stimulation of endogenous resolution of inflammation pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular prevention.
Long-term feeding issue and its impact on the daily life of congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors: results of the first patient-led survey
Authors: Power Beverley , Shibuya Soichi , Lane Brenda , Eaton Simon , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
CDH UK is a registered charity governed by a volunteer committee and providing informal support to patients, families and healthcare workers affected directly or indirectly with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) internationally. This is the first patient-led survey undertaken by CDH UK aiming for highlighting the feeding problems and their impact on the daily life of CDH survivors.

Methods
Answers from CDH survivors were collected through an online questionnaire (SurveyMonkey®) undertaken by CDH UK. The questionnaire contained questions about their feeding problems and support they were receiving for it.

Main results
Overall, 151 patients answered some parts of the survey and 102 patients completed the questionnaire. Overall, 116 (76.8%) responders reported suffering from any type of feeding issue. Gastric acid reflux (GER) and growth retardation were the commonest symptoms experienced by 97 (91.5%) and 72 (62.2%) responders, respectively. Only 18 (17.0%) responders have received any written information on feeding or details of patient/parent support. Eighty (75.5%) responders are satisfied with the level of support they are receiving, but 78 (76.4%) answered that the whole experience associated with the disease has been very or extremely stressful.

Conclusions
CDH survivors frequently have various issues with feeding, which may not be adequately supported or discussed clinically. It is desirable to assist the patients to reliable resources of long-term support, including multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach.
Output feedback fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems via dynamic gain and neural network
Authors: Xi Xiaoye , Liu Tingzhang , Zhao Jianfei , Yan Limin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, by combining the dynamic gain and the self-adaptive neural network, an output feedback fault-tolerant control method was proposed for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with actuator faults. First, the dynamic gain was introduced and the coordinate transformation of the state variables of the system was performed to design the corresponding state observers. Then, the observer-based output feedback controller was designed through the back-stepping method. The output feedback control method based on the dynamic gain can solve the adaptive fault-tolerant control problem when there are simple nonlinear functions with uncertain parameters in the system. For the more complex uncertain nonlinear functions in the system, in this paper, a single hidden layer neural network was used for compensation and the fault-tolerant control was realized by combining the dynamic gain. Finally, the height and posture control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator faults was taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Understanding visitor interaction with a projection augmented relief model display: insights from an in-the-wild study in the English Lake District
Authors: Priestnall Gary , Cheverst Keith 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProjection augmented relief models (PARMs) are a promising tangible display technology for assisting users in orientating themselves within the represented landscape. The production of physical models is now easier than ever thanks to more freely available digital terrain data and 3D fabrication technology. When placed in a public setting, such as a visitor centre, the physical nature of such displays coupled with digital surface projection is compelling, enticing passers-by to notice and interact playfully with the display. In this article, we describe findings from our in-the-wild study of a PARM display designed to engage and orient visitors to the rural landscape of a remote valley in the heart of the English Lake District. The deployment has involved close collaboration with the Lake District National Trust, and the results of our 3-day observation study (n = 221) contribute to the growing research community seeking to explore and uncover technology designs that are both playful and unobtrusive to the nature experience. Our research also contributes to the literature on public and situated digital displays and, in particular, understandings of visitor behaviour as considered through the so-called audience funnel framework. Our observations revealed that a significant portion (79%) of visitors noticed the PARM display and that, of these, 68% transitioned to giving the display their focal attention. We also observed an apparent expectation for the PARM display to support direct tangible interaction (such as pointing gestures) which contrasts to the phenomenon of interaction blindness discussed in the literature.
Efficacy is Not Everything: Eliciting Women’s Preferences for a Vaginal HIV Prevention Product Using a Discrete-Choice Experiment
Authors: Browne Erica N. , Montgomery Elizabeth T. , Mansfield Carol , Boeri Marco , Mange Brennan , Beksinska Mags , Schwartz Jill L. , Clark Meredith R. , Doncel Gustavo F. , Smit Jenni , Chirenje Zvavahera M. , van der Straten Ariane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As new female-initiated HIV prevention products enter development, it is crucial to incorporate women’s preferences to ensure products will be desired, accepted, and used. A discrete-choice experiment was designed to assess the relative importance of six attributes to stated choice of a vaginally delivered HIV prevention product. Sexually active women in South Africa and Zimbabwe aged 18–30 were recruited from two samples: product-experienced women from a randomized trial of four vaginal placebo forms and product-naïve community members. In a tablet-administered survey, 395 women chose between two hypothetical products over eight choice sets. Efficacy was the most important, but there were identifiable preferences among other attributes. Women preferred a product that also prevented pregnancy and caused some wetness (p < 0.001). They disliked a daily-use product (p = 0.002) and insertion by finger (p = 0.002). Although efficacy drove preference, wetness, pregnancy prevention, and dosing regimen were influential to stated choice of a product, and women were willing to trade some level of efficacy to have other more desired attributes.
No Evidence of Sexual Risk Compensation Following PrEP Initiation Among Heterosexual HIV Serodiscordant Couples in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Ortblad Katrina F. , Stalter Randy M. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Ngure Kenneth , Mujugura Andrew , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. , Heffron Renee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies among men who have sex with men suggest that sexual behaviors associated with risk of sexually transmitted infections increase following initiation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We used longitudinal data from HIV-uninfected participants (n = 1013) enrolled in an open-label study of PrEP delivered to Ugandan and Kenyan heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples to understand the association between PrEP initiation and HIV risk-related sexual behaviors among these couples. In the month following PrEP initiation, the mean number of monthly sex acts within couples decreased from 7.9 to 6.9 (mean difference: − 1.1; 95% CI − 1.5, − 0.7) and the proportion of couples having condomless sex decreased from 65% to 32% (percentage point change: − 33%; 95% CI − 37%, − 30%); these behaviors then remained relatively constant over 2 years. We found no evidence of sexual risk compensation following PrEP initiation within African serodiscordant couples. However, roughly a third of couples continued to engage in condomless sex during follow up, emphasizing the importance of continued PrEP use to sustain HIV protection.
The Stability of Fe-Isotope Signatures During Low Salinity Mixing in Subarctic Estuaries
Authors: Conrad Sarah , Wuttig Kathrin , Jansen Nils , Rodushkin Ilia , Ingri Johan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have studied iron (Fe)-isotope signals in particles (> 0.22 µm) and the dissolved phase (< 0.22 µm) in two subarctic, boreal rivers, their estuaries and the adjacent sea in northern Sweden. Both rivers, the Råne and the Kalix, are enriched in Fe and organic carbon (up to 29 µmol/L and up to 730 µmol/L, respectively). Observed changes in the particulate and dissolved phase during spring flood in May suggest different sources of Fe to the rivers during different seasons. While particles show a positive Fe-isotope signal during winter, during spring flood, the values are negative. Increased discharge due to snowmelt in the boreal region is most times accompanied by flushing of the organic-rich sub-surface layers. These upper podzol soil layers have been shown to be a source for Fe-organic carbon aggregates with a negative Fe-isotope signal. During winter, the rivers are mostly fed by deep groundwater, where Fe occurs as Fe(oxy)hydroxides, with a positive Fe-isotope signal. Flocculation during initial estuarine mixing does not change the Fe-isotope compositions of the two phases. Data indicate that the two groups of Fe aggregates flocculate diversely in the estuaries due to differences in their surface structure. Within the open sea, the particulate phase showed heavier δ56Fe values than in the estuaries. Our data indicate the flocculation of the negative Fe-isotope signal in a low salinity environment, due to changes in the ionic strength and further the increase of pH.
Finger Tapping Task Activation vs. TMS Hotspot: Different Locations and Networks
Authors: Wang Jue , Meng Hai-Jiang , Ji Gong-Jun , Jing Ying , Wang Hong-Xiao , Deng Xin-Ping , Feng Zi-Jian , Zhao Na , Zang Yu-Feng , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been used to non-invasively localize the human motor functional area. These locations can be clinically used as stimulation target of TMS treatment. However, it has been reported that the finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot were not well-overlapped. The aim of the current study was to measure the distance between the finger tapping fMRI activation and the TMS hotspot, and more importantly, to compare the network difference by using resting-state fMRI. Thirty healthy participants underwent resting-state fMRI, task fMRI, and then TMS hotspot localization. We found significant difference of locations between finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot. Specifically, the finger tapping fMRI activation was more lateral than the TMS hotspot in the premotor area. The fMRI activation peak and TMS hotspot were taken as seeds for resting-state functional connectivity analyses. Compared with TMS hotspot, finger tapping fMRI activation peak showed more intensive functional connectivity with, e.g., the bilateral premotor, insula, putamen, and right globus pallidus. The findings more intensive networks of finger tapping activation than TMS hotspot suggest that TMS treatment targeting on the fMRI activation area might result in more remote effects and would be more helpful for TMS treatment on movement disorders.