bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Technique for the Isolation and Culture of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858) Spermatogonial Stem Cell
Authors: CEK-YALNIZ Sehriban , YARAS Kamuran Umut 
Published: November 2019

This study was aimed to find a practical technique for isolation and culture spermatogonial stem cells from male brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma). Twelve wild juvenile male were obtained from Kılıç Trout Fish Farm (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey). The juveniles were taken alive to the aquaria unit and stored in a 1000-liter capacity fiberglass tank. In order to identify the best size, age and testis structure of S.t. macrostigma for spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture. Morphological and histological testis conditions were assessed. Fish were anesthetized with 0.04% 2-phenoxethanol. The surface of the fish was sterilized with 70% ethanol. Twelve fish were divided into two groups for enzyme digestion, and each group was divided into two replicates (three fish per replicate). Testis tissue of group one were digested by 0.25% trypsin- EDTA, and testis tissues of group two were digested by 0.05% trypsin-EDTA. At the end of the trial, first, the best age, size and weight of the male fish for spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture were identified as 5+ month old, 12.13±1.5 cm, 19, 25±7.05 g respectively. Then, the highest spermatogonial stem cells were measured in the stage one and two of the testes. Finally, isolation and culture conditions were optimized for male S.t. macrostigma. Spermatogonial stem cell isolation and culture techniques were defined for fish in order to be used in surrogate reproduction technologies and gene transfer systems.
Application of Oxidative Fatty Acid Esters in Amino Acid Surfactants
Authors: Zhang Qiaoyun , Jiang Wenwei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The amino acid surfactants were synthesized by using natural fatty acid esters (FAE) as raw materials, but FAE with a high iodine value has thermal and oxidative instabilities in chemical reactions. The oxidation of FAE by peroxyacetic acid generated was studied under various conditions, then the oxidized FAE and different amino acids (glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid) were used to form sodium N-acyl amino acids in glycerol. By the surface tension method, the relationship between temperature and critical micelle concentration (CMC) has been researched. The CMC value, the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), and the maximum surface excess concentration Γmax were calculated, respectively. For different amino acids surfactants, the surface tension of the solution was greatly reduced at the low CMC value, and the γCMC constantly decreases with rising temperature.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Catanionic Surfactant Phosphonium Benzene Sulfonate
Authors: Duan Shengfu , Jiang Yajie , Geng Tao , Ju Hongbin , Wang Yakui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new type of catanionic surfactant phosphonium benzene sulfonate was synthesized by quaternization of triphenyl phosphine with dimethyl carbonate and followed by anion exchange with alkyl benzene sulfonic acid. The molecular structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR. The thermal stability of phosphonium benzene sulfonate was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its surface properties were studied systematically through equilibrium surface tension, electrical conductivity, and dynamic surface tension measurements. The wettability, foam properties, and emulsification of phosphonium benzene sulfonate were estimated in this paper. TGA results revealed that it has an excellent thermostability and could be used below 350 °C. Equilibrium surface tension results indicated that it has a low critical micelle concentration (CMC, about 0.10 mmol/L), lower than that of ammonium benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Furthermore, the micellization of phosphonium benzene sulfonate in aqueous solution is an entropy-driven spontaneous process. The adsorption process of phosphonium benzenesulfonate at the air-liquid interface is controlled by hybrid kinetic adsorption. Moreover, it has excellent wetting and emulsifying properties and low foam properties.
Socio-demographic Differences in Washing-up Behaviour in Germany
Authors: Horstmann Sarah Luisa , Hüppe Christian , Geppert Jasmin , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this questionnaire survey study is to find out if the three socio-demographic aspects gender, age and household size have any influence on washing-up behaviour and whether people's washing-up behaviour changes due to them. The data was collected via a questionnaire created and carried out by “Forum Waschen” that could be answered by German consumers either on the internet or on the day of sustainable washing created by “Forum Waschen”. In addition to the socio-demographic facts, the questionnaire involved questions about both manual and automatic dishwashing. The results of this study vary; some aspects of washing-up behaviour are correlated and some are not. Only some aspects are dependent on gender, more the manual dishwashing behaviour than the automatic. By contrast, most aspects depend on or correlate with the participant's age. The biggest difference between households of different size are the quantities of dishes used and need to be washed per day. Besides the connections to socio-demographic aspects, there are also connections between different aspects of dishwashing behaviour itself, such as the positive correlation between the frequency of changing the tea-towel and its usage.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DESAIN PROTOTIPE APLIKASI MENGGUNAKAN PROTO IO UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN MINAT PEMBELAJARAN PEMROGRAMAN di SMK NASIONAL MALANG
Authors: Farokhah Lia , Ahda Fadhli Almu'iini , Riska Suastika Yulia 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKMata pelajaran pemrograman merupakan salah satu mata kuliah kosentrasi atau jurusan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) atau perguruan tinggi berbasis komputer. Mata kuliah pemrograman menjadi salah satu kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa-siswi maupun mahasiswa dalam menempuh pembelajaran sesuai kosentrasi atau jurusan mereka. Hal ini sangat kontradiksi dengan jurusan yang mereka ambil sehingga perlu di ujicoba pengembangan pedagogi pengajaran untuk menunjang motivasi belajar dalam pemrograman. Pengembangan pembelajaran menjadi sangat penting karena selain kita berada pada abad teknologi yang membutuhkan lebih banyak aplikasi yang harus dikembangan untuk membantu kehidupan manusia. Pengembangan pedagogi pengajaran juga digunakan untuk menumbuhkan motivasi belajar pemrograman agar siswa-siswi atau mahasiswa dengan jurusan atau kosentrasi computer bisa menyukai mata pelajaran pemrograman dimana pada akhirnya menunjang kualitas lulusan yang dihasilkan sesuai bidangnya. Dalam pengembangan pedagogi pada pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan di SMK Nasional Malang dilakukan dengan melakukan pre test pertanyaan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah diadakannya pelatihan pembuatan prototipe aplikasi menggunakan software instan PROTO IO. Hasil yang didapat dari analisis kuesioner didapatkan peningkatan motivasi belajar pemrograman sebesar 76,67% dan peningkatan motivasi minat menjadi programmer sebesar 16,66%. Kata kunci: pedagogi, pemrograman, motivasi belajar, aplikasi ABSTRACTProgramming lesson is one of the concentration courses or majors in Vocational Schools (SMK) or computer-based colleges. Programming lesson become one of the difficulties faced by students according to their concentration or their majors. This is very contradictory with their majors so that it is necessary to test the development of teaching pedagogy to support learning motivation in programming lesson. The development of learning is very important because besides we are in the technology era that requires more applications that must be developed to help human life. The development of teaching pedagogy is also used to foster motivation to learn programming lesson so students with majors or concentrations of computers can like programming lesson which ultimately support the quality of graduates produced in their fields. In the development of pedagogy on society service carried out in SMK Nasional Malang, questionnaire were conducted before and after the training on making prototype applications using PROTO IO with instant software. The results obtained from questionnaire showed that an increase in programming learning motivation with 76.67% and an increase in motivation to become a programmer of 16.66%. Keywords: pedagogy, programming, learning motivation, application
PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Pajarianto Hadi , Adigoena Andi Muhammad , Ukkas Imran , Pribadi Imam 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan Program Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo adalah menghasilkan mahasiswa dan alumni berwirausaha yang mandiri berbasis iptek, melalui program yang terintegrasi dengan melibatkan dosen, narasumber, mahasiswa, dan calon alumni. Kegiatan program yang dapat menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan kewirausahaan, antara lain (1) pengembangan jiwa wirausaha dan motivasi bisnis, (2) pelatihan manajemen dan skills usaha bagi tenant, (3) pengembangan jejaring dan kelembagaan wirausaha; (4) konsultasi dan afirmasi bisnis, (5) membuka akses modal untuk berwirausaha (6) memfasilitasi tenant dalam berwirausaha untuk menghasilkan wirausaha baru. Program ini melakukan pembinaan kewirausahaan kepada 20 tenant mahasiswa dan alumni. Pada akhir program, sebanyak 6 tenant mahasiswa dan alumni menjadi wirausaha baru pada berbagai bidang, dengan produk berkualitas yang dapat bersaing dengan produk sejenis. Melalui daya inovasi dan bisnis, bidang yang digeluti oleh tenant yang mandiri adalah (1) Bua Hydrofarm; (2) gerobak kuliner; (3) edubooks store; (4) edureptil; (5) kuliner KriboU; dan (6) busana muslimah dan foto copy.Kata kunci: kewirausahaan, bisnis, tenant ABSTRACTThe objective of Entrepreneur Development Program is to create the students and alumni who can set up their own business autonomously based on science and technology. The program is conducted integrative by involving the lecturers, the experts, the students, and the alumni. The programs that can be a solution of entrepreneurship problems are: (1) development of entrepreneurship spirit and business motivation, (2) business skill and management training for tenants, (3) development of business network and institution, (4) business consultation and affirmation, (5) discovering the capital access for business, and (6) facilitating the tenants to develop their business. This Program involves 20 tenants of both students and alumni. At the end of this program, there are six tenants become new businessman/woman in various sectors with good quality and competitive products. Through business incubator, the tenants develop their business in: (1) Hydro farm; (2) culinary cart; (3) edu-book store; (4) edu-reptile; (5) KriboU culinary; and (6) muslimah fashion and photocopy.Keywords: enterpreneurship, business, tenant
PEMBINAAN SISWA-SISWA SMP DI LUAR JAM SEKOLAH DI DESA LEMBUAK UNTUK MEMBUAT ALAT-ALAT PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN BARANG-BARANG BEKAS DI LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR
Authors: Darmayanti Ni Wayan , Sabaryati Johri , Isnaini M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKPeningkatan sarana dan prasarana dalam mendukung pembelajaran IPA pada penerapan kurikulum 2013 harus sangat diperhatikan. Hakikat pembelajaran IPA yang membawa pada kegiatan pembelajaran langsung melalui kegiatan praktikum sehingga mengajak siswa berpikir menemukan konsep. Hal ini membutuhakan alat penunjang untuk mencapainya. Akan tetapi jika terdapat keterbatasan alat praktikum dan kurang kreatifitasnya pendidik memanfaatkan benda benda dilingkungan sekitar. Menjadi pendorong untuk mengadakan pelatihan kepada siswa –siswa SMP di luar jam sekolah untuk membuat alat-alat praktikum Fisika yang sederhana dengan memanfaatkan barang-barang bekas di Lingkungan sekitar. Kata kunci: Alat praktikum siswa, barang barang bekas, luar jam sekolah. ABSTRACT The improvement of facilities supporting science learning in the application of the 2013 curriculum must be highly considered. The nature of science learning that leads to direct learning activities through practicum activities so that students invite thinking to find concepts. This requires supporting tools to achieve it. However, if there are limited practical tools and lack of creativity educators utilize objects in the surrounding. Being a motivator to conduct training for junior high school students outside school hours to make simple physics practicum tools by utilizing used items in the neighborhood environment. Keywords: Student practicum tools, used goods, outside school hours.
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PRODUKSI JAMUR TIRAM KELOMPOK WANITA TANI BERBASIS WILAYAH
Authors: Hernawati Hernawati , Jamili Aisah , Saputra Didin Hadi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKUsaha bersama jamur tiram yang dijalankan oleh Kelompok Wanita Tani “Karya Muda” di Desa Kebun Ayu Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat dengan tujuan membantu keuangan keluarga memiliki permasalahan, diantaranya terbatasnya jumlah produksi jamur, akses permodalan manajemen usaha, sumber daya manusia yang terbatas, belum mampu mengadministrasikan, mendokumentasikan hasil produksi jamur tiram melalui media pemasaran agar output mampu beredar di jaringan pasar yang lebih luas dan dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Solusi yang ditawarkan memfasilitasi dalam proses produksi yaitu memberikan bantuan alat pres baglog, pelatihan pengolahan hasil produksi jamur, perluasan akses pasar, meningkatkan kemampuan manajerial, meningkatan pendapatan mitra, serta mendaftarkan merek dagang mitra. Hasil dalam program kemitraan masyarakat ini adalah memberikan bantuan alat pres baglog untuk meningkatkan produksi jamur, memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengolahan hasil yaitu pembuatan krispy, bakso dan nughet jamur, setelah pelatihan masyarakat mampu mengolah jamur menjadi produk olahan yang sehat dan produk olahan dari mitra bisa diikutsertakan dalam pameran yang diadakan di Kantor Bupati Lombok Barat. Kata kunci : Produksi, Manajemen, Pemasaran, Jamur Tiram ABSTRACTThe joint venture of oyster mushrooms run by the "Karya Muda" Women's Farmer Group in Kebun Ayu Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency with the aim of helping family finances has problems, including the limited number of mushroom production, access to capital for business management, limited human resources, have not been able to administer, document the results of the production of oyster mushrooms through marketing media so that output is able to circulate in a wider market network and is known by the wider community. The solution offered facilitates the production process, which is to provide assistance with press baglog tools, training on mushroom production results, expanding market access, increasing managerial skills, increasing partner income, and registering partner trademarks. The results of this community partnership program are providing baglog press tools to increase mushroom production, providing counseling and results processing training, namely making krispy, meatballs and mushroom nughets, after training the community is able to process mushrooms into healthy processed products and processed products from partners can be included in the exhibition held at the West Lombok Regent's Office. Keywords : Production, Management, Marketing, Oyster Mushrooms.
Geology of Chernogorskoe gem-quality skapolite deposit (Central Pamirs, Tajikistan)
Authors: Litvinenko A. K. , Moiseeva S. B. , Odinaev Sh. A. , Utenkov V. A. 
Published: November 2019

The Montenegrin jewel scapolite deposit, which relates to a new genetic type, is characterized. It is located in the Central Pamirs (Tajikistan) and is localized in the sarydzhilginsk formation of the muzkol series (PR1). The enclosing rocks are metamorphosed basite-ultrabasic formations of the kukurt complex, among which harzburgites were first discovered.
Jewel scapolite mineralization contains albitite lenses. They were formed by the metasomatic replacement of nepheline syenites. The reaction occurred with a negative volume effect with a decrease in the volume of solid phases 14%, which caused the appearance of voids. Albitite bodies form a lenticular nesting structure. They have cross-cutting contacts. They are accommodated by amphibolites, which metasomatically replace melanocratic gabbroids and partially altered harzburgites. Jewelry scapolite is localized in 28 albitite lenses, the walls of the voids of which are inlaid with columnar purple scapolite. The sequence of processes at the field corresponds to the following scheme: formation of melanocratic gabbroids with small bodies of nepheline syenites metasomatic development in the first amphibolites, and in the second albitites with voids growth on the walls of the hollows of the hollow scapolite crystallization in the voids of the jewelry scapolite.
Informational and digital competence of the future primary school teacher: forming factors
Authors: Samborskaya Olena 
Published: November 2019

In the article, the main factors of forming the informational and digital competence of the future primary school teacher have been specified. It has been concluded that the informational and digital competence of the primary school teacher should be considered in three aspects.
It has been generalized that universal personal competence is formed throughout person’s life on all stages of education. The tasks of pedagogical education in colleges consist in providing the consistency of its development; studying the condition of competence of the student; correction and development of the student's competence; stimulation and orientation of the graduate to improve it. Formation and evolution of this type of competence relates to the tasks of each discipline that is studied within the curriculum of pedagogical education at colleges. Therefore, it has been summarized that the informational and educational environment of the college «works» for the development of universal personal competence for a future teacher.
It has been figured out that pedagogical ICT competence is based on the universal component of this competence, in particular, on such components as valuable, communicative and technological, and all the general competences, which are set out in the educational standard of a new generation. The task of preparing primary school teacher within the pedagogical education in colleges is about the rigorous formation of the aspect of competence throughout the whole learning process by studying both special informational disciplines and disciplines of vocational training. The pedagogical ICT competence of the primary school teacher, while preserving the common characteristics of any other pedagogical specialty, has essential peculiarities. It has been summarized that these peculiarities are characterized by the versatility of the refraction of the researched competence in the multidisciplinary training of the primary school teacher. It has been stated that methodical ICT competence is predetermined by the specifics of educational activity of the primary school teacher and is based on such components as valuable, communicative, technological, motivational, and reflexive.
Based on the results of the conducted research the author offers the ways of effective development of informational and digital competence of students.
OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN KARAGENAN DARI RUMPUT LAUT APLIKASINYA UNTUK PERENYAH BISKUIT
Authors: Agustin Anes , Saputri Aprillia Intan , Harianingsih Harianingsih 
Published: November 2019

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki wilayah laut yang luas dan kaya akan sumber daya alam salah satunya adalah rumput laut. Rumput laut merupakan komoditas perikanan penting di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini sebagian besar rumput laut umumnya diekspor dalam bentuk bahan mentah berupa rumput laut kering, sedangkan hasil olahan rumput laut seperti agar-agar, karagenan, dan alginat masih diimpor dalam jumlah yang cukup besar dengan harga yang tinggi. Karaginan merupakan senyawa yang termasuk kelompok polisakarida galaktosa hasil ekstraksi dari rumput laut. Sebagian besar karaginan mengandung natrium, magnesium, dan kalsium yang dapat terikat pada gugus ester sulfat dari galaktosa dan kopolimer 3,6-anhydro-galaktosa. Karaginan biasa digunakan pada industry crackers, wafer, kue, dan jenis-jenis biskuit lainnya untuk mendapatkan tekstur yang renyah perlu ditambahkan karaginan. Tujuan dari pembuatan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan rumput laut sebagai bahan tambahan makanan, membuat tepung karagenan dengan bahan baku berupa rumput laut jenis Eucheuma Cottoni, serta membandingan kerenyahan antara biskuit yang diberi tepung karagenan dengan biskuit yang tidak diberi tepung karagenan.Proses pembuatan tepung karagenan dengan bahan baku rumput laut Eucheuma Cottoni ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu proses pengeringan, perendaman karaginan, ekstraksi karaginan, presipitasi, penepungan dan pengayakan. Kemudian dilakukan pembandingan dengan membuat dua sampel biskuit yang diberi dan tanpa diberi tepung karaginan, terakhir dilakukan pengamatan.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan tepung karagenan didapatkan rendemen rata-rata sebesar 24,30%. Kadar air yang terkandung dalam tepung karagenan sebesar 10,32%, kadar abu sebesar 15,81%, dan kadar sulfat sebesar 26,14%. Nilai kekuatan gel tepung karagenan sebesar 42,70 gram/cm2. Pada tepung karagenan tidak ditemukan pengotor maupun kandungan etanol sehingga tepung karagenan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Dari hasil uji organoleptik yang diambil dari 20 responden menyatakan bahwa biskuit yang diberi tepung karagenan lebih renyah dibandingkan dengan biskuit yang tidak diberi tepung karagenan. Kata kunci: karagenan, kerenyahan, rumput laut
DEGRADASI ZAT WARNA LITHOL DALAM MEDIUM AIR DENGAN RADIASI GAMMA
Authors: Nurmanjaya Ahid , Putra Sugili , Megasari Kartini 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai degradasi zat warna lithol sebagai studi awal penghilangan tinta pada pembuatan kertas recycle dengan menggunakan radiasi gamma dalam medium air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pH efektif degradasi, menentukan dosis efektif dan menetukan persamaan kinetika degradasi. Proses iradiasi untuk penentuan pH efektif menggunakan dosis 3 kGy dengan variasi pH awal 7, 8, 9 dan 10. Sedangkan untuk penentuan dosis efektif dan penentuan persamaan laju degradasi diiradiasi pada dosis 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 kGy dengan pH awal 8. Pengaturan pH diatur dengan meneteskan NaOH 0,1 M. Penentuan pH dan dosis efektif ditentukan dengan menghitung efisiensi degradasi. Efisiensi degradasi dihitung dengan mengukur pengurangan intensitas warna sampel setelah iradiasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan mereaksikan cuplikan sampel dengan CaCl2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pH efektif untuk mendegradasi zat warna lithol adalah 7 dengan rerata efisiensi degradasi 97,40%. Tetapi, untuk aplikasi industri kertas recycle pH awal tidak berpengaruh. Dosis efektif untuk mendegradasi zat warna lithol konsentrasi 10 – 200 ppm adalah 4 kGy dengan rerata efisiensi 99,08% dan waktu yang lebih singkat. Untuk aplikasi dalam industri kertas recycle, dosis efektif diperoleh pada 1 kGy dengan konsentrasi zat warna di bawah 20 ppm. Persamaan kinetika degradasi untuk zat warna lithol adalah -(dCA)/dt= -rA=7,2556CA1. Kata kunci: degradasi warna, iradiasi gamma kertas recycle, zat warna lithol