bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Patients With and Without Head Trauma: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ou Yunwei , Yu Xiaofan , Liu Xiaojuan , Jing Qian , Liu Baiyun , Liu Weiming 
Published: November 2020

Background: The clinical features of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) in patients with and without a history of head trauma have remained unclear. Here, we investigated differences in clinical characteristics in CSDH patients with and without head trauma.Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical characteristics of CSDH patients who had undergone exhaustive drainage strategies via burr-hole craniostomies from August 2011 to May 2019. We divided patients into a trauma group (i.e., head trauma) and a no-trauma group. Chi-square tests or t-tests were used to analyze differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between the clinical characteristics and either reduction of the hematoma cavity or length of the hospital stay in CSDH patients with trauma.Results: We collected data from 1,307 CSDH patients, among whom 805 patients had a history of head trauma whereas 502 patients did not. The mean age of patients with head trauma was 64.0 ± 16.1 years, while that of patients without head trauma was significantly younger at 61.5 ± 17.9 years (p = 0.010). Furthermore, more patients in the no-trauma group had a history of hypertension compared to those in the trauma group (40.2 vs. 32.9%, p = 0.007). Dizziness occurred in 29.2% of patients with trauma and in 23.1% of patients without trauma (p = 0.016). A greater number of patients with trauma showed a reduction of hematoma cavity after surgery compared to that of patients without trauma (p = 0.002). The length of hospital stay in patients with trauma was 7.9 ± 4.5 days, which was longer than that of patients without trauma (7.3 ± 3.7 days, p = 0.016). In contrast, there were no significant different differences between the two groups in terms of the densities of hematomas on computed-tomography scans, complications, mortality rates, recurrence rates, or outcomes.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there were some noteworthy differences in the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of CSDH patients with and without head trauma. However, our findings also indicate that if an optimal treatment method is employed, such as our exhaustive drainage strategy, similar treatment outcomes can be achieved between these groups.
Isolated Cervical Dystonia: Management and Barriers to Care
Authors: Supnet Melanie Leigh , Acuna Patrick , Carr Samuel J. , Kristoper de Guzman Jan , Al Qahtani Xena , Multhaupt-Buell Trisha , Francoeur Taylor , Aldykiewicz Gabrielle E. , Alluri Priyanka R. , Campion Lindsey , Paul Lisa , Ozelius Laurie , Penney Ellen B. , Stephen Christopher D. , Dy-Hollins Marisela , Sharma Nutan 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) is a rare disorder, and health care providers might be unfamiliar with its presentation, thus leading to delay in the initial diagnosis. The lack of awareness displays the need to highlight the clinical features and treatment in cervical dystonia. In our cohort, we have identified an earlier age of onset in men, despite an overall preponderance of affected women.Objective: We aim to identify the prevalence, age of onset, spread, and treatment modalities of CD in the population. We also highlight the barriers which patients encounter related to diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment.Methods: We reviewed 149 CD patients who attended specialized Dystonia Clinics over a 14-year period. Dystonia severity was rated using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden (BFM), Tsui, and Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scales (TWSTRS). Mood and quality of life were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).Results: CD patients were majority White (91.3%) and more commonly female (75.8%). Men had an earlier median age of onset, 40.5 years (p = 0.044). BAI revealed a mean score of 7.2 (±6.4, n = 50) indicating minimal anxiety while BDI revealed a mean score of 7.30 (±7.6, n = 50) indicating minimal depression. The only SF-36 subscales associated with CD severity were physical functioning (p = 0.040) pain (p = 0.008) and general health (p = 0.014).Conclusion: There appear to be gender differences in both the prevalence and age of onset of the disease. There was a 3-fold higher incidence in women than in men. CD patients of both sexes experience barriers to care, which can be reflected in their quality of life and time-to-diagnosis. In addition, males were less likely to experience an objective benefit with botulinum toxin treatment and more likely to discontinue care. Greater awareness of CD by health care providers is important to reduce the time-to-diagnosis.
NRG Oncology Survey on Practice and Technology Use in SRT and SBRT Delivery
Authors: Chetvertkov Mikhail , Monroe James Ira , Boparai Jaskaran , Solberg Timothy D. , Pafundi Deanna H. , Ruo Russell L. , Gladstone David J. , Yin Fang-Fang , Chetty Indrin J. , Benedict Stanley , Followill David S. , Xiao Ying , Sohn Jason W. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo assess stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT)/stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) practices by polling clinics participating in multi-institutional clinical trials.MethodsThe NRG Oncology Medical Physics Subcommittee distributed a survey consisting of 23 questions, which covered general technologies, policies, and procedures used in the Radiation Oncology field for the delivery of SRT/SBRT (9 questions), and site-specific questions for brain SRT, lung SBRT, and prostate SBRT (14 questions). Surveys were distributed to 1,996 radiotherapy institutions included on the membership rosters of the five National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) groups. Patient setup, motion management, target localization, prescriptions, and treatment delivery technique data were reported back by 568 institutions (28%).Results97.5% of respondents treat lung SBRT patients, 77.0% perform brain SRT, and 29.1% deliver prostate SBRT. 48.8% of clinics require a physicist present for every fraction of SBRT, 18.5% require a physicist present for the initial SBRT fraction only, and 14.9% require a physicist present for the entire first fraction, including set-up approval for all subsequent fractions. 55.3% require physician approval for all fractions, and 86.7% do not reposition without x-ray imaging. For brain SRT, most institutions (83.9%) use a planning target volume (PTV) margin of 2 mm or less. Lung SBRT PTV margins of 3 mm or more are used in 80.6% of clinics. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is the dominant delivery method in 62.8% of SRT treatments, 70.9% of lung SBRT, and 68.3% of prostate SBRT.ConclusionThis report characterizes SRT/SBRT practices in radiotherapy clinics participating in clinical trials. Data made available here allows the radiotherapy community to compare their practice with that of other clinics, determine what is achievable, and assess areas for improvement.
Survival Prediction in Gallbladder Cancer Using CT Based Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Zefan , Zhu Guannan , Jiang Xian , Zhao Yunuo , Zeng Hao , Jing Jing , Ma Xuelei 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo establish a classifier for accurately predicting the overall survival of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients by analyzing pre-treatment CT images using machine learning technology.MethodsThis retrospective study included 141 patients with pathologically confirmed GBC. After obtaining the pre-treatment CT images, manual segmentation of the tumor lesion was performed and LIFEx package was used to extract the tumor signature. Next, LASSO and Random Forest methods were used to optimize and model. Finally, the clinical information was combined to accurately predict the survival outcomes of GBC patients.ResultsFifteen CT features were selected through LASSO and random forest. On the basis of relative importance GLZLM-HGZE, GLCM-homogeneity and NGLDM-coarseness were included in the final model. The hazard ratio of the CT-based model was 1.462(95% CI: 1.014–2.107). According to the median of risk score, all patients were divided into high and low risk groups, and survival analysis showed that high-risk groups had a poor survival outcome (P = 0.012). After inclusion of clinical factors, we used multivariate COX to classify patients with GBC. The AUC values in the test set and validation set for 3 years reached 0.79 and 0.73, respectively.ConclusionGBC survival outcomes could be predicted by radiomics based on LASSO and Random Forest.
Effects of IL-1β and TNF-α on the Expression of P311 in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Zhou Daijun , Liu Tengfei , Wang Song , He Weifeng , Qian Wei , Luo Gaoxing 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to define the role of interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the expression of P311 in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and in wound healing.MethodsDAPI staining, a CCK-8 assay, cell migration assay, and an angiogenesis assay were used to assess the effects exerted by TNF-α and IL-1β at various concentrations on morphology, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of VECs. Western blot (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) models were employed to observe the effects exerted by proteins related to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and P311 mRNA expression. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the binding sites of P311 and NF-κB. Finally, to investigate the effects of IL-1β and TNF-α on wound healing and the length of new epithelium in mice, we established a full-thickness wound defect model in mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure changes in P311, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1/CD31), as well as other related proteins.ResultsWhen levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were both 20 ng/ml, their effects on cell proliferation, cytoskeleton protein expression, cell migration, and angiogenesis were the greatest (P &lt; 0.05). IL-1β and TNF-α at moderate concentrations effectively promoted P311 mRNA and p-NF-κB protein expression (P &lt; 0.05), while p-NF-K b protein expression was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Luciferase assays showed that P311 expression was also relatively greater when stimulated at moderate concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), while relative expression was significantly lower when the p-NF-K b inhibitor CAPE was added (P &lt; 0.05). On 7-day wound healing rate comparison, the control, IL-1β, IL-1βab, TNF-α, and TNF-αab groups were 18, 37, 35, 39, and 36%, respectively, while control group + P311 siRNA was 31% (P &lt; 0.05). New epithelial length, granulation tissue thickness, and number of blood vessels trends were also the same. In the control group, P311 showed lower relative expression levels than the others (P &lt; 0.05). P311 relative expression levels trended as follows: control group &gt; IL-1βab &gt; IL-1β &gt; TNF-αab &gt; TNF-α (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionWhen IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations are moderate, they effectively promote the proliferation, expression, migration, and angiogenesis of VECs, possibly by promoting the expression of the NF-K b pathway and thereby promoting the expression of P311. In vitro experiments on mice suggest that P311 effectively promotes wound healing, and its mechanism may be closely related to PCNA, CD31, and VEGF.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychiatric Symptoms: The Impact on Parkinson's Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Janiri Delfina , Petracca Martina , Moccia Lorenzo , Tricoli Luca , Piano Carla , Bove Francesco , Imbimbo Isabella , Simonetti Alessio , Di Nicola Marco , Sani Gabriele , Calabresi Paolo , Bentivoglio Anna Rita 
Published: November 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a condition of increased vulnerability and frailty for elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Social isolation may worsen the burden of the disease and specifically exacerbate psychiatric symptoms, often comorbid with PD. This study aimed at identifying risk/protective factors associated with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology during the COVID-19 outbreak in a sample of individuals with PD aged 65 years or older.Methods: Patients with PD routinely followed at the outpatient clinic of Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, were assessed for subjective worsening of psychiatric symptoms through a dedicated telephone survey, after Italy COVID-19 lockdown. Patients' medical records were reviewed to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, including lifetime psychiatric symptoms and pharmacological treatment.Results: Overall, 134 individuals were assessed and 101 (75.4%) reported lifetime psychiatric symptoms. Among those, 23 (22.8%) presented with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology during the COVID-19 outbreak. In this group, the most frequent symptom was depression (82.6%), followed by insomnia (52.2%). Subjective worsening of neurological symptoms (Wald = 24.03, df = 1, p = 0.001) and lifetime irritability (Wald = 6.35, df = 1, p = 0.020), together with younger age (Wald = 5.06, df = 1, p = 0.038) and female sex (Wald = 9.07 df = 1, p = 0.007), resulted as specific risk factors for ingravescence of psychiatric presentation. Lifetime pre-existing delusions, having received antipsychotics, and not having received mood stabilizer were also associated with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions: Individuals with PD and lifetime history of psychiatric symptoms may be exposed to increased vulnerability to the stressful effect of COVID-19 outbreak. Interventions aimed at reducing irritability and mood instability might have an indirect effect on the health of patients with PD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Workplace Stress, Presenteeism, Absenteeism, and Resilience Amongst University Staff and Students in the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Van Der Feltz-Cornelis Christina Maria , Varley D. , Allgar Victoria L. , de Beurs Edwin 
Published: November 2020

Background: This study explored how the COVID-19 outbreak and arrangements such as remote working and furlough affect work or study stress levels and functioning in staff and students at the University of York, UK.Methods: An invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to all University of York staff and students in May-June 2020. We measured stress levels [VAS-scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)], mental health [anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9)], physical health (PHQ-15, chronic medical conditions checklist), presenteeism, and absenteeism levels (iPCQ). We explored demographic and other characteristics as factors which may contribute to resilience and vulnerability for the impact of COVID-19 on stress.Results: One thousand and fifty five staff and nine hundred and twenty five students completed the survey. Ninety-eight per cent of staff and seventy-eight per cent of students worked or studied remotely. 7% of staff and 10% of students reported sickness absence. 26% of staff and 40% of the students experienced presenteeism. 22–24% of staff reported clinical-level anxiety and depression scores, and 37.2 and 46.5% of students. Staff experienced high stress levels due to COVID-19 (66.2%, labeled vulnerable) and 33.8% experienced low stress levels (labeled resilient). Students were 71.7% resilient vs. 28.3% non-resilient. Predictors of vulnerability in staff were having children [OR = 2.23; CI (95) = 1.63–3.04] and social isolation [OR = 1.97; CI (95) = 1.39–2.79] and in students, being female [OR = 1.62; CI (95) = 1.14–2.28], having children [OR = 2.04; CI (95) = 1.11–3.72], and social isolation [OR = 1.78; CI (95) = 1.25–2.52]. Resilience was predicted by exercise in staff [OR = 0.83; CI (95) = 0.73–0.94] and in students [OR = 0.85; CI (95) = 0.75–0.97].Discussion: University staff and students reported high psychological distress, presenteeism and absenteeism. However, 33.8% of staff and 71.7% of the students were resilient. Amongst others, female gender, having children, and having to self-isolate contributed to vulnerability. Exercise contributed to resilience.Conclusion: Resilience occurred much more often in students than in staff, although psychological distress was much higher in students. This suggests that predictors of resilience may differ from psychological distress per se. Hence, interventions to improve resilience should not only address psychological distress but may also address other factors.
Neurophysiologic Characterization of Resting State Connectivity Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Koshiyama Daisuke , Miyakoshi Makoto , Tanaka-Koshiyama Kumiko , Joshi Yash B. , Molina Juan L. , Sprock Joyce , Braff David L. , Light Gregory A. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal spontaneous oscillatory activity in scalp-level electroencephalographic (EEG) responses across multiple frequency bands. While oscillations play an essential role in the transmission of information across neural networks, few studies have assessed the frequency-specific dynamics across cortical source networks at rest. Identification of the neural sources and their dynamic interactions may improve our understanding of core pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with the neuropsychiatric disorders.Methods: A novel multivector autoregressive modeling approach for assessing effective connectivity among cortical sources was developed and applied to resting-state EEG recordings obtained from n = 139 schizophrenia patients and n = 126 healthy comparison subjects.Results: Two primary abnormalities in resting-state networks were detected in schizophrenia patients. The first network involved the middle frontal and fusiform gyri and a region near the calcarine sulcus. The second network involved the cingulate gyrus and the Rolandic operculum (a region that includes the auditory cortex).Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients show widespread patterns of hyper-connectivity across a distributed network of the frontal, temporal, and occipital brain regions. Results highlight a novel approach for characterizing alterations in connectivity in the neuropsychiatric patient populations. Further mechanistic characterization of network functioning is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.
“Cuidar la familia, forjar la nación”. La institución matrimonial y el modelo de familia. Argentina, Siglos XIX-XX
Authors: Calvo Nancy 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo describe y analiza los antecedentes institucionales y los debates y conflictos en torno a la aprobación de ley de matrimonio civil en Argentina, sancionada a fines del siglo XIX que constituyó un perdurable punto de llegada en la convergencia entre la Iglesia y el Estado en el sostenimiento del modelo de familia. Los cambios políticos y sociales que impulsaron la sanción del matrimonio civil así como la persistencia civil del vínculo matrimonial indisoluble –herencia del matrimonio sacramental– expresan las bases del consentimiento alcanzado por la elites políticas y eclesiásticas para hacer del matrimonio no solo una institución civil sino un modelo de orden familiar, sostenido por casi cien años por las leyes nacionales, en el marco de las amplias trasformaciones de todo orden que atravesaron la sociedad argentina.
Juan Carlos Garavaglia, un recorrido por la historia económica a lo largo de una vida
Authors: Sabatini Gaetano 
Published: November 2020

Juan Carlos Garavaglia estaba convencido de que jamás debía hacerse una historia económica desvinculada de la historia social. Postulaba que aquella no debe circunscribirse a la mera enumeración de cifras abstractas, sino que es imprescindible que la disciplina preste especial atención a las personas de “carne y hueso”, a las dinámicas sociales que informan todo proceso histórico. Esta postura lo llevó a practicar a lo largo de sus investigaciones un enfoque multidisciplinario, atento a los avances de la antropología, la sociología y las demás ciencias sociales. En estas páginas se ofrece una reflexión sobre la manera en que este historiador entendía el oficio, a través de un recorrido por sus principales trabajos.
Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Lemon terhadap Skor Kecemasan Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Fitrikasari Alifiati , Fajriyanti Nur Isnaeni , Wardani Natalia Dewi , Jusup Innawati 
Published: November 2020

Latar belakang: Riskesdas 2013, 6% penduduk Indonesia usia ?15 tahun mengalami gangguan mental emosional yang ditunjukkan dengan gejala-gejala kecemasan dan depresi. Khusus mahasiswa, terdapat 25% cemas ringan, 60% cemas sedang, dan 15% cemas berat. Rata-rata persentase kecemasan mahasiswa kedokteran di seluruh dunia adalah 13-69%. Terapi relaksasi dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan dengan pemberian aromaterapi, menstimulus otak untuk relaksasi dan bisa dilakukan sendiri. Lemon termasuk aromaterapi yang efektif untuk menurunkan kecemasan karena aromanya yang menyegarkan dan membangkitkan semangat, dimana menguatkan psikologis penggunanya. Pengukuran skor kecemasan dapat dinilai dengan kuesioner, salah satunya adalah Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon terhadap skor kecemasan mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental pre and post-test without control. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 32 orang, dengan 1 orang drop-out. Para responden melakukan perlakuan aromaterapi lemon selama 2 minggu dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Skor kecemasan sebelum (pre-test) dan sesudah (post-test) perlakuan diuji menggunakan kuesioner Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Uji normalitas data dengan uji Saphiro-Wilk. Kemudian data skor kecemasan pre dan post-test dibandingkan dengan uji nonparametrik berupa uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil: Terjadi penurunan skor kecemasan secara signifikan pada kelompok responden setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon selama 2 minggu. Dari hasil pretest ke hasil posttest, rerata skor kecemasan menurun dari 37,32 menjadi 31,84. Setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon selama 2 minggu didapatkan penurunan skor secara signifikan (p=0,000013).
Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon terhadap penurunan skor kecemasan pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro.