bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stevioside protects against rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury through PPAR‐γ agonism in rats
Authors: Kaur Tajpreet , Singh Damanpreet , Singh Amrit P. , Pathak Devendra , Arora Saroj , Singh Brahmjot , Kaur Sarabjit , Singh Balbir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explored the potential role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) in stevioside‐mediated renoprotection using rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model in rats. Rhabdomyolysis refers to intense skeletal muscle damage, which further causes AKI. Glycerol (50% w/v, 8 ml/kg) was injected intramuscularly in rats to induce rhabdomyolysis. After 24 hr, AKI was demonstrated by quantifying serum creatinine, urea, creatinine clearance, microproteinuria, and electrolytes in rats. Further, oxidative stress was measured by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, generation of superoxide anion, and reduced glutathione levels. Additionally, serum creatine kinase (CK) level was assayed to determine glycerol‐induced muscle damage in rats. Pathological changes in rat kidneys were studied using hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid Schiff staining. Moreover, the expression of apoptotic markers (Bcl‐2, Bax) in rat kidneys was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Stevioside (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administered to rats, prior to the induction of AKI. In a separate group, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE, 30 mg/kg), a PPAR‐γ receptor antagonist was given prior to stevioside administration, which was followed by rhabdomyolysis‐induced AKI in rats. The significant alteration in biochemical and histological parameters in rats indicated AKI, which was attenuated by stevioside treatment. Pretreatment with BADGE abrogated stevioside‐mediated renoprotection, which is suggestive of the involvement of PPAR‐γ in its renoprotective effect. In conclusion, stevioside protects against rhabdomyolysis‐induced AKI, which may be attributed to modulation of PPAR‐γ expression.
Improved detection methods significantly increase the detection window for EPO microdoses
Authors: Martin Laurent , Martin Jean‐Antoine , Collot David , Hoang Olivier , Audran Michel , Ericsson Magnus , Marchand Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo reproduce a potential doping scenario, a 2 week administration of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) microdoses alone or in combination with growth hormone (GH) microdoses (three times a week) was performed on healthy and athletic male subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification capability of rEPO in samples obtained during and post treatment. Detection was tested in urine and blood using the antidoping techniques for rEPO detection (iso‐electric focusing (IEF)‐, sodium‐dodecyl‐sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and for some urine samples the sarcosyl (SAR)‐PAGE method) with some improvements: for blood samples, instead of a simple concentration step, immuno‐extraction of EPO was performed for all urines to limit protein contamination that can affect migration. In addition, elution buffer modifications also improved the quality of migration. The use of a recently validated biotinylated anti‐EPO antibody simplified the protocols, allowing a single transfer step instead of a double‐blot even by IEF with a lowered background. The criteria for suspicious blood and urine samples by IEF were also re‐evaluated. While endogenous EPO was not decreased over the course of the study, EPO microdoses were detectable in blood and urine between 24 h and 72 h after an administration. Detection in urine in combination with SDS‐PAGE was the most sensitive combination for prolonged detection (100% identification after 48 h, 91% after 72 h), slightly better than IEF. Urine samples also tested by SAR‐PAGE indicated a similar sensitivity of detection to SDS‐PAGE. GH co‐administration had no impact on rEPO elimination/detection.
Lessons from joint development for cartilage repair in the clinic
Authors: Thorup Anne‐Sophie , Dell'Accio Francesco , Eldridge Suzanne E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMore than 250 years ago, William Hunter stated that when cartilage is destroyed it never recovers. In the last 20 years, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to joint formation and the knowledge that some of these mechanisms are reactivated in the homeostatic responses of cartilage to injury has offered an unprecedented therapeutic opportunity to achieve cartilage regeneration. Very large investments in ambitious clinical trials are finally revealing that, although we do not have perfect medicines yet, disease modification is a feasible possibility for human osteoarthritis.
Muscle dysmorphia: A systematic and meta‐analytic review of the literature to assess diagnostic validity
Authors: Cooper Marita , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Franko Debra L. , Carron‐Arthur Bradley , Keshishian Ani C. , Griffiths Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a new addition to DSM‐5 as a specifier of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), previous studies have treated MD as a stand‐alone diagnosis. We aimed to assess the validity of MD as a stand‐alone diagnosis via systematic and meta‐analytic review of MD literature using both Robins and Guze criteria and additional criteria from Kendler.MethodWe performed a systematic search of ProQuest, PsycInfo, and PubMed databases for the period of January 1993 to October 2019 resulting in 40 papers to examine Robins and Guze's criteria (clinical picture) as well as those added by Kendler (antecedent validators; concurrent validators; predictive validators).ResultsWe identified two distinct symptomatic presentations of MD using cluster analysis, a behavioral type and cognitive/behavioral type. For examining the concurrent validators, quantitative meta‐analyses differentiated MD populations from controls; however, results were inconclusive in delineating MD from existing disorders. For assessing antecedent and predictive validators, the symptomatic profiles, treatment response, and familial links for MD were similar to those for BDD and for eating disorders.DiscussionWe found preliminary support for MD as a clinically valid presentation, but insufficient evidence to determine whether it is best categorized as a specifier of BDD or unique psychiatric condition.
Estimating economic losses of midrise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings in sedimentary basins by combining empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations
Authors: Kourehpaz Pouria , Molina Hutt Carlos , Marafi Nasser A. , Berman Jeffrey W. , Eberhard Marc O. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryStudies of recorded ground motions and simulations have shown that deep sedimentary basins can greatly increase the intensity of earthquake ground motions within a period range of approximately 1–4 s, but the economic impacts of basin effects are uncertain. This paper estimates key economic indicators of seismic performance, expressed in terms of earthquake‐induced repair costs, using empirical and simulated seismic hazard characterizations that account for the effects of basins. The methodology used is general, but the estimates are made for a series of eight‐ to 24‐story residential reinforced concrete shear wall archetype buildings in Seattle, WA, whose design neglects basin effects. All buildings are designed to comply with code‐minimum requirements (i.e., reference archetypes), as well as a series of design enhancements, which include (a) increasing design forces, (b) decreasing drift limits, and (c) a combination of these strategies. As an additional reference point, a performance‐based design is also assessed. The performance of the archetype buildings is evaluated for the seismic hazard level in Seattle according to the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (2018 NSHM), which explicitly considers basin effects. Inclusion of basin effects results in an average threefold increase in annualized losses for all archetypes. Incorporating physics‐based ground motion simulations to represent the large‐magnitude Cascadia subduction interface earthquake contribution to the hazard results in a further increase of 22% relative to the 2018 NSHM. The most effective of the design strategies considered combines a 25% increase in strength with a reduction in drift limits to 1.5%.
Anomaly traffic detection and correlation in Smart Home automation IoT systems
Authors: Gajewski Mariusz , Mongay Batalla Jordi , Mastorakis George , Mavromoustakis Constandinos X. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmart building automation systems are increasingly the target of hacking attacks. Moreover, they may be used as a tool for attacks against targets located out of the native Home Area Network (HAN). These attacks are often resulted in changes in traffic volume, damaged packets, increased message traffic, and so on. Symptoms of attacks can be detected as anomalies in traffic model and recognized by a software agent run on Home Gateway. Although these anomalies are detected locally, it may help network provider to protect his resources as well as other resources of his clients. For that purpose, network operator should be able to recognize anomalies and correlate them on the network level. In this way, the network operator has the ability to protect both its own network and HANs of its clients. This article shows that Smart Home security might be coupled with the providers' network security policy. For that reason, security tasks should be performed both in HAN and providers' data center. This article describes a novel strategy for anomaly detection that provides shared responsibility between a service client and the network provider. It uses a machine learning approach for classifying the monitoring data and correlation in searching suspicious behavior across the network resources at the service provider's data center.
Programmed cell death ligand‐1 and cytotoxic T cell infiltrates in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kraft Stefan , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Deschler Daniel G. , Lin Derrick T. , Hoang Mai P. , Emerick Kevin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) carries a poor prognosis. Increased numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are associated with a favorable prognosis and programmed cell death receptor‐1 is a suppressor of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response. We aim to define their expression in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsCytotoxic T cell infiltrates and tumoral PD‐L1 expression in lymph node metastases from patients with cSCC of the head and neck were analyzed.ResultsHigh tumoral PD‐L1 expression, intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ cell density in metastases were significantly associated with poor primary tumor differentiation. Low PD‐L1 expression, intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ density were associated with lower grade primary tumor differentiation. Low PD‐L1 expression correlated with disease progression.ConclusionsIncreased expression of PD‐L1 correlates with increased CD8+ cell density. Increased expression of PD‐L1 in poorly differentiated tumors may be more likely to benefit from anti PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy.
Prediction of distant metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck using DWI and DCE‐MRI
Authors: Chawla Sanjeev , Kim Sungheon G , Loevner Laurie A , Wang Sumei , Mohan Suyash , Lin Alexander , Poptani Harish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe primary purpose was to evaluate the prognostic potential of diffusion imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in predicting distant metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) patients. The secondary aim was to examine differences in DWI and DCE‐MRI‐derived parameters on the basis of human papilloma virus (HPV) status, differentiation grade, and nodal stage of HNSCC.MethodsFifty‐six patients underwent pretreatment DWI and DCE‐MRI. Patients were divided into groups who subsequently did (n = 12) or did not develop distant metastases (n = 44). Median values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and mean intracellular water‐lifetime (τi) and volume were computed from metastatic lymph nodes and were compared between two groups. Prognostic utility of HPV status, differentiation grading, and nodal staging was also evaluated both in isolation or in combination with MRI parameters in distinguishing patients with and without distant metastases. Additionally, MRI parameters were compared between two groups based on dichotomous HPV status, differentiation grade, and nodal stage.ResultsLower but not significantly different Ktrans (0.51 ± 0.15 minute−1 vs 0.60 ± 0.05 minute−1) and not significantly different τi (0.13 ± 0.03 second vs 0.19 ± 0.02 second) were observed in patients who developed distant metastases than those who did not. Additionally, no significant differences in ADC or volume were found. τi, was the best parameter in discriminating two groups with moderate sensitivity (67%) and specificity (61.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses did not improve the overall prognostic performance for combination of all variables. A trend toward higher τi was observed in HPV‐positive patients than those with HPV‐negative patients. Also, a trend toward higher Ktrans was observed in poorly differentiated HNSCCs than those with moderately differentiated HNSCCs.ConclusionPretreatment DCE‐MRI may be useful in predicting distant metastases in HNSCC.
Clinical evaluation of an automated virtual surgical planning platform for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Wang Edward , Durham J. Scott , Anderson Donald W. , Prisman Eitan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundVirtual surgical planning (VSP), via commercial services or developed in‐house, has been applied to facilitate head and neck reconstruction. We evaluate a custom, automated planning software.MethodsProspectively, VSP of 25 consecutive patients undergoing segmental mandibular reconstruction was performed. Postoperative CT was used to assess structural accuracy of VSP. Operative time, length of stay, and complication rate of the prospective cohort were compared with those of 25 consecutive retrospective historical cases.ResultsThe deviations between the plan and execution in mandibular width, projection, and volumetric overlap were 2.32 ± 3.91, 2.39 ± 1.72, and 0.59 ± 0.51 mm respectively. Compared with historical data, there was a significant reduction in operative time and length of stay, and no significant difference in complication rates.ConclusionThis is the largest prospective series evaluating an in‐house VSP workflow for mandibular reconstruction and the first clinical evaluation of an automated planning platform.
Biopsy Validated Study of Biomarkers for Liver Fibrosis and Transplant Prediction in Inherited Cholestasis
Authors: Shiau Henry , Guffey Danielle , Loomes Kathleen M. , Seidman Christa , Ragozzino Emily , Molleston Jean P. , Schady Deborah , Leung Daniel H. 
Published: August 2020

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) are inherited cholestatic disorders with risk of developing end‐stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). We investigated aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), and conjugated bilirubin as biomarkers to assess fibrosis severity and risk for LT among children with ALGS and PFIC. This multicenter, cross‐sectional study included 64 children with ALGS or PFIC (per genetics or strict clinical criteria) with APRI, FIB‐4, and conjugated bilirubin levels collected within ±90 days of their most recent liver biopsy. A single, blinded pathologist staged all biopsies (metavir; F0‐F2: nonsevere, F3‐F4: severe). Logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (AUC) were used to assess biomarker associations with fibrosis severity and risk for LT. In ALGS, only APRI distinguished F3‐F4 (AUC 0.72, P = 0.012), with a cutoff greater than 2.97 demonstrating a sensitivity of 61.5% (95% confidence interval 0.32, 0.86) and specificity of 81.5% (0.62, 0.94). In ALGS, a 50% increase of APRI increased the odds of F3‐F4 by 1.31‐fold (1.04, 1.65; P = 0.023). In ALGS, APRI (AUC 0.87; P < 0.001) and FIB‐4 (AUC 0.84; P < 0.001) were able to predict risk for LT. In PFIC, only APRI distinguished F3‐4 (AUC 0.74, P = 0.039), with a cutoff greater than 0.99 demonstrating a sensitivity of 80% (0.44, 0.98) and specificity of 64.3% (0.35, 0.87). In PFIC, only FIB‐4 was able predict risk for LT (AUC 0.80; P = 0.002). In ALGS or PFIC, conjugated bilirubin could not distinguish F3‐F4 or predict risk for LT. Conclusion: This liver biopsy–validated study suggests that APRI is able to distinguish F3‐F4 from F0‐F2 in ALGS and PFIC. APRI and FIB‐4 may also serve as predictors of risk for LT in ALGS (APRI and FIB‐4) and PFIC (FIB‐4).
Numerical and experimental study of a thermosyphon closed‐loop system for domestic applications
Authors: Jasim Ayoob Khalid , Freegah Basim , Alhamdo Mohammed Hamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA numerical and experimental study has been conducted to enhance the thermal performance of the thermosyphon system. The enhancement response focused on the temperature of both the working fluid within the system loop and water inside the tank. To achieve this, three models were investigated to increase the surface area of the riser pipe without changing the amount of the working fluid. The first one (model A) involved increasing the diameter of the riser pipe and inserting a closed tube inside it to maintain the same amount of working fluid. The second method (model B) involved adding toroidal fins around the riser pipe. However, the third model (model C) combined both models (A and B). The thermal performance of the thermosyphon system for the conventional model has been compared experimentally. Furthermore, numerical simulations for all cases have been done using commercial computational fluid dynamics, ANSYS R 19.3 software. The results show that there is good agreement between the experimental and numerical results. Furthermore, it is found that the thermal responses of models A and B are approximately equal and both are higher than that of the traditional model. Moreover, the thermal performance of model C is found to be higher than those of all the other models under study.
Cu‐Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow past a porous stretching sheet due to temperatue‐dependent viscosity and viscous dissipation
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bhumavarapu , Satya Narayana Panyam Venkata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe resent development of research in the field of nano technology introduced hybrid nanofluids which are advanced classes of fluids with augmented thermal properties and it gives better results comparing to regular nanofluid. The aim of the present work is to study the significant effects of variable viscosity and viscous dissipation on a porous stretching sheet in the presence of hybrid nanofluid and radiative heating. In this model, two types of nanoparticles, namely copper (Cu) and alumina oxide (Al2O3), are suspended in the base fluid H2O to form a hybrid nanoliquid. The novelty of this study is to introduce variable viscosity along with natural convection in the momentum equation and viscous dissipation in the energy equation. Mathematical modeling is employed in this study, whereby partial differential equations for the fluid flow are constructed and transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations, and hence resolved computationally by Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method along with shooting scheme. The most important results for relevant parameters concerning the flow heat measure, surface drag, and heat transfer coefficients are thoroughly examined and presented graphically for both Cu‐Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids. There is an increase in hybrid nanofluid velocity profile with mounting values of , and the Cu‐water nanofluid converges to the boundary more quickly than the hybrid nanofluid due to the occurrence of variable viscosity. The results concluded that the Nusselt number of the viscous fluid is lower than that of the nanofluid and hence the hybrid nanofluid (ie, heat transfer rate: normal fluid < nanofluid < hybrid nanofluid). The outcomes of present investigations are in close agreement with the viscous fluid as a particular case.
Experimental study of closed‐loop thermosyphon with a different evaporator geometry
Authors: Aljuboori Adeeb A. A. , Ahmed Saba Y. , Jabbar Mohammed Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of evaporator geometry on the loop thermosyphon's heat transfer coefficient is experimentally verified by using water as a working fluid with three filling ratios (50%, 70%, 90%), constant heat input (185 W), and condenser cooling water flow rate remaining constant at 2 Lpm. Three evaporator pipes are used (I: straight; II: helical coil evaporator with a diameter of 100‐mm coil and two turns; III: helical coil evaporator with a diameter of 50‐mm coil and four turns). From the experimental results, it can be observed that the performance of evaporator III is higher than the two other forms. A greater heat transfer coefficient value is found in case of type III evaporator and is equivalent to 2456 W/m2·°C. The maximum thermal resistance reduction occurs in the type III evaporator (37.32%), and the highest effective thermal conductivity for the same type is 6.123e + 05 W/m·°C. The experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the empirical equations.
Coprescription of mood stabilizers in schizophrenia, dosing, and clinical correlates: An international study
Authors: Lim Wai Kwong , Chew Qian Hui , He Yan‐Ling , Si Tian‐Mei , Chiu Fung‐Kum Helen , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Kato Takahiro A. , Kanba Shigenobu , Shinfuku Naotaka , Lee Min‐Soo , Park Seon‐Cheol , Park Yong‐Chon , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Lin Shih‐Ku , Yang Shu‐Yu , Tripathi Adarsh , Avasthi Ajit , Grover Sandeep , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Udomratn Pichet , Chee Kok Yoon , Tanra Andi J. , Rabbani Md Golam , Javed Afzal , Kathiarachchi Samudra , Waas Dulshika , Myint Wing Aung , Sartorius Norman , Tran Van Cuong , Nguyen Kim Viet , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Baldessarini Ross J. , Sim Kang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveStudies examining coprescription and dosages of mood stabilizers (MSs) with antipsychotics for psychotic disorders are infrequent. Based on sparse extant data and clinical experience, we hypothesized that adjunctive MS use would be associated with certain demographic (e.g., younger age), clinical factors (e.g., longer illness duration), and characteristics of antipsychotic treatment (e.g., multiple or high antipsychotic doses).MethodsWithin an Asian research consortium focusing on pharmaco‐epidemiological factors in schizophrenia, we evaluated rates of MS coprescription, including high doses (>1000 mg/day lithium‐equivalents) and clinical correlates.ResultsAmong 3557 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia in 14 Asian countries, MSs were coprescribed with antipsychotics in 13.6% (n= 485) of the sample, with 10.9% (n= 53) on a high dose. Adjunctive MS treatment was associated (allp< 0.005) with demographic (female sex and younger age), setting (country and hospitalization), illness (longer duration, more hospitalizations, non‐remission of illness, behavioral disorganization, aggression, affective symptoms, and social–occupational dysfunction), and treatment‐related factors (higher antipsychotic dose, multiple antipsychotics, higher body mass index, and greater sedation). Patients given high doses of MSs had a less favorable illness course, more behavioral disorganization, poorer functioning, and higher antipsychotic doses.ConclusionsSchizophrenia patients receiving adjunctive MS treatment in Asian psychiatric centers are more severely ill and less responsive to simpler treatment regimens.