bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrageenan supply chains in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyati H , Geldermann J , Kusumastanto T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Increasing global demand and new product development of carrageenan will increase in the future. Therefore, it will affect to carrageenan supply chains, especially in Indonesia. The purposes of this study are to analyse the members and the flow of material and energy of carrageenan supply chains. Primary and secondary data were collected through field survey, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis. Flow of material and energy was modelled by the software Umberto NXT Universal 7.0. The primary actors of a carrageenan supply chain are seaweed farmers, local traders, large traders or exporters, and carrageenan processors. Seaweed suppliers, farmers, local traders, and large traders/exporters exist in Sulawesi Island. Most of the carrageenan companies are national base existing in Java Island. About 75% of semi-raw dried seaweed containing carrageenan is exported. The material and energy for producing refined carrageenan are larger than semi refined carrageenan.
Spirulina biscuit formulation with coconut cream substitution and its shelf life estimation
Authors: Setyaningsih I , Mahmudah P , Trilaksani W , Tarman K , Santoso J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Spirulina is a cyanobacterium group of microscopic blue-green algae, which contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and rich in minerals, vitamins, fibers, as well pigments. Spirulina has been applied for foods, such as biscuits. Biscuit can be modified with the addition of Spirulina and coconut cream to produce rich protein biscuit. The aims of this research were to obtain Spirulina biscuit formula, to compare the chemical composition of Spirulina biscuit with the commercial biscuit, and to estimate the shelf life of the Spirulina biscuit. The formula of Spirulina biscuit consisted of Spirulina powder, mocaf flour, coconut cream, margarine and sugar. The percentage of coconut cream in the biscuit was 7.19, 13.42 and 18.87% per dough. The selected biscuit formula was determined based on a sensory test, as well then determined the chemical composition and shelf life stored at room temperature. Based on the sensory test, the Spirulina biscuit with 7.19% (P1) of coconut cream contains protein (12.09%) higher than a commercial biscuit, while it has lipid (6.01%) lower than that of the commercial biscuit. Estimation of Spirulina biscuit shelf life stored at room temperature was 2.4 months.
Effect of stunning and freezing on carp (Cyprinus carpio L) survival rate
Authors: Suwandi R , Nugraha S , Fathihatunnisa R , Jacoeb A M , Suptijah P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Carp is freshwater fish which popular in Indonesia. The transportation handling system is needed to keep its survival rate (SR) of fish still high until the destination place. This research aims to determine 1) effect of freezing on the consciousness time (CT) and its SR which treated of stunning using clove oil (Eugenia aromatica); 2) influence of 125 ppm clove oil solution for fainting process and the freezing process to two groups of carp (biggerA, smallerB). The best concentration of clove oil was 125 ppm, where the fish fainting time was 1.43 minutes and the revitalisation 3.70 minutes. The freezer temperatures used were -11, -13, and -15 °C and the freezing time (FT) were 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The best temperature was - 13 °C. SmallerB indicated more sensitive to clove oil than the biggerA (duration to unconscious 3.58 minutes compared to 5.03 minutes). While duration to conscious was 15.15 minutes for the smallerB and 14.09 for the biggerA. After being frozen for 60, 90, and 120 minutes, the biggerA’s SR was 89% while the smallerB was 66% for 120 minutes frozen. The clove oil fainted fish has better SR compare to the direct freezing. The FT was 60, 90 and 120 minutes at -13 °C. The fastest CT is 4.83 minutes obtained at fish with fainting treatment at 60 minutes freezing. The slowest CT is 26.20 minutes obtained at fish without fainting treatment at 120 minutes freezing. This study can be concluded that the highest SR of 100% using a fainting treatment and 90 minutes of FT. Histology analysis found damage to fish tissue at freezing 120 minutes which gill filaments are bleeding.
Biological Process to Valorise Marine Algae
Authors: Tarman K , Ain N H , Sulistiawati S , Hardjito L , Sadi U 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seaweeds are main sources of marine polysaccharides. Marine polysaccharides, such as agar, alginates and carrageenans are economically the most important products from macroalgae or seaweeds. Carrageenans, marine polysaccharides extracted from red algae are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and printing industries as coagulate agent, stabilizer and gelling agent. Extraction of carrageenan is usually carried out by alkali treatment, but it may have negative impact to the environment. Carrageenan extraction can be processed biologically using microorganisms, such as marine fungi. The aim of this research was to obtain carrageenan from red alga (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using marine fungi and to evaluate the effect of pretreatment on the quality of carrageenan. The study was conducted in three steps including pretreatment of algae, hydrolysis of algae using marine endophytic fungi, and characterization of the carrageenan. Two marine fungi were used to hydrolyze the seaweeds. The best pretreatment was hydrolysis of dried seaweed using fungus RS6A and gelatinization by heating for 20 minutes (RK20). The yield of carrageenan was 71.28%. The gel strength of the carrageenan was 43.35 gf. The chemical and physical characteristics of carrageenan (RK20) met the standard of carrageenan according to FAO.
The First International Conference on Sustainable Plantation: Better Environment with Better Prosperity, Harmonization of Humankind and Nature.
Authors: Sudarsono S , Junaedi A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The first International Conference for Sustainable Plantation (First ICSP) was conducted at IPB International Convention Center (IICC), Bogor, Indonesia. It was conducted to facilitate exchanges among estate crops researchers about the advance progress in estate crop research. The first ICSP was an immense success and attracting as many as 192 attendants. The participants were from Australia, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and the Netherland. One hundreed one presentations were presented in the first ICSP, by scientists from Indonesia, Japan, Australia, India and the Netherland. The major estate crops and plantations presented in the first ICSP include: cocoa, coconut, coffee, nutmeg, oil palm, rubber, pepper, sago palm, sugar cane, sugar palm, tea, and other miscellaneous plantation crops and research areas related to the crops.
Insect diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation under different shade trees in Pakuwon, Sukabumi
Authors: Indriati G , Susilawati  , Puspitasari M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cacao is one of important commodities which has significant contribution to Indonesian economy. One main factor in cacao cultivation is the shade tree. In Indonesia, the shade tree for cacao may vary. The study aimed to determine the most suitable shade tree for insect diversity in cacao plantation, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of IIBCRI from January to May 2019. The shade trees in used were banana (KP), Ramayana (KR), and coconut (KK). Insect diversity was observed using yellow pan trap and pitfall trap in the field. The trapped insects were identified until order then their abundance were analysed statistically. Result showed the shade trees species are affecting the insect diversity in cacao plantation. The lowest population of insect from in cacao plantation from January to May 2019 was found in banana as shade tree, whereas the highest abundance was found in Ramayana. The highest abundance of the family in the area was from Hymenoptera order and Formicidae family.
Phytonematodes associated with arabica coffee in Bondowoso, East Java
Authors: Budiman A , Supramana  , Giyanto  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phytonematode is one of the important pathogen infecting Arabica coffee plantation. This study is aimed to identify phytonematodes associated with the declining Arabica coffee plantation in Bondowoso, East Java. Root and soil samples were taken from the symptomatic coffee plants at Belawan and Kalisat Jampit plantations. Phytonematode were extracted from root samples by mist chamber and soil samples by centrifugation flotation methods. Five phytonematodes, that are Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne sp., Paratylenchus sp., Criconemoides sp., and Helicotylenchus sp., were identified based on their morphological characters. The highest phytonematode population is R. similis with average of 260 nematodes/10 g roots.
The effect of bio-retention hole application on soil physical properties and productivity and quality of Tea sinensis leaf
Authors: Rachman L M , Baskoro D P T , Supriadi C J R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the critical problems for crop plantation on dry land is lack of water, especially in the dry season, including tea leaves. Proper treatment is required to solve the negative drought impact. The research aims to examine the effect of Bio-Retention Hole (BRH) on some of soil physical properties and the production and quality of tea leaves at one tea plantation in Cianjur Regency. The results showed that the application of BRH can improved soil aeration, reduced bulk density, increased total soil pore, macro soil pore, infiltration, soil permeability and soil aggregate stability. The increase in organic matter is thought to be one of the main causes of the improvement in various physical properties of the soil. Plots treated with BRH showed a significant increase in organic matter. The BRH application increases the production and quality of tea leaves. The monthly tea leaves production in plots with the BRH application is higher than without BRH, averaging around 20 percent with variations of 5 to 100 percent. The level of Tanin substances which is used as an indicator of the quality of tea leaves is also about 20 percent higher in plots with the BRH application compared to without BRH.
The effect of cutting material and planting medium to the growth of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) seedling
Authors: Nurhayati H , Supriatna N , Setyono  , Syukur C , Pitono J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cinnamon can be propagated generatively and vegetatively. Vegetative propagation will generate the similar characteristics as its parent tree, hence facilitating the providing of high quality seedling. The research objective was to obtain the suitable vegetative propagation technology for cinnamon by cutting. The research was conducted at Cimanggu Research Installation, ISMCRI, Bogor from January to December 2018. The experiment was designed in randomized block design, 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was cutting materials : shoot cutting from 1) the 1st-2nd node 2) the 3rd-4th node and 3) the 5th-6th node. The second factor was planting medium 1) manure: husk charcoal: soil (2: 1: 1), 2) manure: cocopeat: soil (2: 1: 1), and 3) water. The shoot cutting from the 5th-6th node indicated better plant growth than from the 1st-2nd node, although not significantly different from the 3rd-4th node. Cuttings grown in water medium indicated no new shoot emergence until the last observation. However, cuttings planted in charcoal or cocopeat media, grew well and showed no significant differences in all parameters. Cinnamon plant can be propagated vegetatively by cutting using shoot cuttings from 5th-6th node or the 3rd-4th node grown in media contained husk charcoal or cocopeat.
Phytophthora sp a causal agent of leaf soft rot disease of nutmeg in Indonesia
Authors: Sari M P , Florina D , Wahyuno D , Manohara D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Leaf soft rot symptom has been found in nutmeg germplasm collection of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crop Research Institute (ISMCRI), Sukabumi, West Java. The research was aimed to identify a causal agent of leaf soft rot disease and the effectiveness assay of fungicides on colonies growth. Based on morphological observations, Phytophthora was found consistently from the infected leaf samples and the fungus characteristic was identic to Phytophthora palmivora. Host range test showed the ability of the fungus to infect pepper and rubber plants. The effect of temperature on fungal growth was tested by planting the fungus on Carrot Agar Medium (CAM), and incubated at 25°C, 28°C, 31°C and 34°C. The efficacy of propineb and mancozeb on inhibiting the growth of fungal colonies was tested by food poisoning technique. Koch’s postulate test showed that the first soft rot symptom on the inoculated leaves appeared on the second day and the infected leaves began to fall on the fourth day after inoculation. The optimum temperature for the fungus to grow is 28°C. The result of the efficacy test showed that mancozeb was more suppressing the growth of the Phytophthora than propineb
Yield and fruit morphology of selected high productive Papua nutmeg trees (Myristica argentea Warb.)
Authors: Wahyuni S , Bermawie N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fakfak nutmeg is also known as Papua Nutmeg, and has become one of the main income sources of local communities in Fakfak and Kaimana Districts. It produces butter nutmeg, a fat derived from the seed used in perfumery and soaps. It grows wild or semi cultivation, so the productivity is generally low. To improve productivity, it is necessary to use planting materials derived from high productive trees. The study was aimed to identify nutmeg trees with high yield, good quality of fruit, seeds and essential oils. The study was undertaken in eight locations of Fakfak district. Mother trees selection were carried out during 2013-2015. About 136 mother trees have been selected with average fruit yield 2275 ± 340 fruits tree−1 and have bigger fruit and seed compared with original population. The average fruit weight 106 ± 9.6 g, fruit length 7.26 ± 0.54 cm, seed weight 13.52 ± 1.44 g, seed length 3.81 ± 0.34 cm, and mace weight > 2 g. Essential oil content of mature seeds and mace was considered low (<5%). The main chemical constituents of seeds and mace essential oils were sabinen, limonen and safrol. The safrole content was higher (> 20%) than standard.
Present status and outlook of coconut development in Indonesia
Authors: Alouw J C , Wulandari S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a socioeconomically important palm in Indonesia, owned mostly by smallholders. Indonesia has the largest coconut palm-growing areas in the world, followed by the Philippines and India. The average national coconut productivity is still lower than the production potency of superior varieties. Indonesia and the Philippines contributed about 67% of crude coconut oil (CNO) export to global market. At present, the global market demand of coconut oil is fluctuating lead to the low price of CNO, while demand for certain coconut products such as coconut water, milk and flour is growing rapidly. This review provides an overview of the present status of coconut development in Indonesia, the recent advances in technologies for coconut improvement and outlook of coconut development toward 2045. Technological, political and socio economic issues including senility, pests and diseases, inferior varieties, poor agronomic practices, land conversion affected the low coconut production, while unfavorable supply chain, narrow product line, low product quality, monoculture-planting system might be affected the economic welfare of farmers. About 6.6 million farmers rely their main source of income on coconut and coconut based-products, which are mostly copra and CNO. Technological and institutional innovations for smallholder in coconut development become important strategies. Producing high value coconut products, establishment of seed farms, replanting of senile palms, pest and disease management, synergy among industries, farmers, and governments as well as research on finding more innovative technologies and technology transfer to solve existing problems are required to ensure the sustainability of coconut sector.
The dynamics of precipitation and its relation to flowering status and oil palm productivity
Authors: Agusta H , Pratanu B G , Saragih J F , Handoyo G C , Sulistiyono E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper exposes the relation between monthly precipitation amount dynamics with the assumably impacted flowering status of productive oil palm and its productivity in the next period. The observation was conducted in Jambi 2016-2017 and Kalimantan in 2017. Simple regression and Pearson’s correlation procedure was applied to calculate the relation between actual flower sex ratio as well as oil palm productivity. Under water scarcity conditions in the dry season, more flower infertility will be exposed in the same period of the dry season with higher response variability. Soil moisture content under the frond pile is more stabilized against evaporation so that the rate of soil demoisturizing at the upper horizon layer is slower than at the circle area and active path area. Estimated oil palm production in a period is determined by the precipitation value 36 months before harvest.
Growth and fruit panicle responses of shrub pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to bio-mulch
Authors: Suwarto  , Hariyadi A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mulch, especially bio-mulch is important to prevent soil erosion, to increase soil organic and to contribute to nutrient supply. Research to know the growth and fruit panicle responses has been conducted in Cikabayan Station, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University from December 2016 – August 2018. Two varieties of shrub pepper; Petaling 1 and Natar 2, have been planted ini three treatments of biomulch, namely without biomulch as control, with Arachis pintoi, and with mixed legume cover crop of Centrosema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Pueraria japonica in six replications. The number of leaves, plant height, canopy diameter, number of fruits branch, and fruit panicle have been observation monthly, started at 16 months after planting and lasted at 20 months. It was a different response of Petaling 1 and Natar 2 to the treatments. Consistently, the highest of leaves number, plant height, canopy diameter and fruit panicle of Petaling 1 have resulted in Arachis pintoi, followed by control and legume cover crop. As the same as Petaling 1, to the Natar 2, Arachis pintoi resulted in the highest fruit panicle. For the other parameter of Petaling 1 the influence of bio-mulch was not consistent. For increasing productivity, Arachis pintoi is recommended as bio-mulch.
Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and clove oil-based pesticide to the main pests of black pepper
Authors: Wiratno  , Maris P , Sari M P , Wahyuno T E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to get the healthy black pepper plant, the presence of various types of pest organisms should be controlled below the economic threshold. One of the efforts to obtain an environmentally friendly control strategy is by using natural pesticides i.e.entomophatogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and clove oil-based botanical pesticides. The insects tested in this study were pepper stem borer, Lophobaris piperis, and pepper fruit sucker, Dasynus piperis. The results of the laboratory bioassays showed that 20 gr / l of B. bassiana could kill some of the tested insects, but its toxicity in the field tended to be low. Mortality of L. piperis and D. piperis at the end of laboratory assay was 20% and 33.3%, respectively. Therefore, to get maximum impacts, field application must be repeated several times at intervals of 1 to 2 months. The botanical pesticide formula at the highest concentration (20 cc/l) was able to kill 43.3% of L. piperis. Meanwhile, it was very effective against D. piperis at a concentration of 2.5 cc/l, which was able to kill all the tested insects. The botanical pesticides and B bassiana have potential to control D piperis and L piperis..
Rainy season period and climate classification in sugarcane plantation regions in indonesia
Authors: Riajaya P D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane plantations in Indonesia are mainly grown on dry land with wide ranges of climatic conditions. This study aimed to present information about the average rainy season period and climate classification in each sugarcane development area in Indonesia. The rainy season period was determined based on early of the dry season and rainy season for 10 years from 2009-2018 in 67 Zone of Season (ZOM) of 342 ZOM issued by The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia. The rainy season period in sugarcane regions ranges from 20-25 ten day period in 59% of the zones in Sumatra, 15-20 ten day period in 73% of the zones in Java and Madura, 20-25 ten day period and 10-15 ten day period in 33% and 34% zones in Sulawesi, 12 ten day period in West Nusa Tenggara and 16-25 ten day period in Papua. Climate classification was also identified in each zone of sugarcane regions based on Oldeman classification map. Information about rainy season period and climate classification enables in the planning and production of crops for certain regions. Further studies on the prediction of water availability during sugarcane growth are needed.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) for detection of sugarcane streak mosaic virus
Authors: Subekti D , Hidayat S H , Damayanti T A , Purwono  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Conventional PCR is a reliable method for detecting SCSMV. The availability of quantitative PCR (qPCR) can increase the power of PCR as detection method due to its high sensitivity and ability to quantify the template DNA in the reaction mixture. The study was aimed to validate the qPCR method for detection of SCSMV, and to develop detection methods for virus indexing program in seed canes production. qPCR method developed in this study was relative-qPCR with the regression equation of Y = -7,255 * log X + 11.752 for the SCSMV standard curve, so the value of X = 10 (-0.138 * Ct + 1,620). Ct value is inversely proportional to the concentration of cDNA. The greater the Ct value, the lower the concentration of cDNA in the sample. It was proved that qPCR method is more sensitive compared to conventional PCR, because it was able to detect SCSMV in samples not detected by conventional PCR methods. The relation between the Ct value and the incidence and severity of the disease on the field was assessed using field samples for qPCR. It was shown that Ct value and virus concentration did not have relation to the incidence and severity of the disease in the fields.
Management of ratoon stunting disease by hot water treatment to provide healthy cane seed
Authors: Yulianti T , Wijayanti K S , Supriyono  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) is one of major sugarcane diseases in Indonesia. The causal agent of the disease is Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli. The pathogen systemically infects xylem vessel. Providing healthy seed cane is the most important management of the disease. This study aimed to determine the best Hot Water Treatment (HWT) method for reducing RSD incidence of sett cane. There were eight treatments arranged in randomized blocked design, ie: Bud setts were (1) soaked in running water (RW) for 48 h and then treated with 50°C HWT for 2 h; (2) RW for 5 h and 50°C HWT for 2 h; (3) directly 50°C HWT for 2 h; (4) directly 45°C HWT for 30 m; (5) soaked in bactericide suspension for 2 h; (6) directly planted without any treatment; (7) RW for 48 h; (8) RW for 5 h. Results of the study showed that germination was only 23-27% when treated with 50°C HWT, but incidence of RSD was only 3-6%. Germination increased when soaked in running water for 5 h before HWT. The fastest bud germination occurred at 45°C HWT for 30 m with the highest percentage of germination (83%) but incidence of RSD was high.