bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the problem of the manned aircraft modification to UAVs
Authors: Kovalev I V , Voroshilova A A , Karaseva M V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the experience of the manned aircraft modification to UAVs and technological solutions for the manned transport aircraft modification to UAVs. A sequence of stages in the implementation of the task of the manned aircraft modification to UAVs based on the presented review is formulated. The paper presents that the developed or converted UAVs have different software and hardware platforms; therefore, the importance of their cross-platform organization is noted. The basic principles, the typical architecture of the UAVs control platform is based on, including on-board software, are formulated. This creates the background for the development of the on-board software technology concerning the automation of the architectural design of the subsystem software and the automation of the system testing design of the software based on the formalized specifications.
Optimizing the energy balance to achieve autonomous self-powering for vigilant health and IoT applications
Authors: Misra Veena , Bozkurt Alper , Calhoun Benton H. , Datta Suman , Dickey Michael , Kiani Mehdi , Lach John , Lee Bongmook , Jur Jesse , Oralkan Omer , Ozturk Mehmet , Rajagopalan Ram , Roundy Shad , Strohmaier Jason , Trolier-McKinstry Susan , Vashaee Daryoosh , Wentzloff David , Werner Doug 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the right combination of disruptive features, such as battery free self-powered operation, multimodal sensing capability, comfort, wearability, and continuous data gathering leading to actionable information, the potential of autonomously powered smart sensing nodes can be realized to provide long-term monitoring for health and IoT applications. This paper reports on recent breakthroughs in technologies essential for achieving self-powered operation and shows how engineering both sides of the power equation, namely generation and consumption, can lead to always on operation. This work is being conducted in the NSF funded ERC Center on Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST).
Fabrication and characterization of a wrist-driven rotational energy harvester using multiple plucked piezoelectric unimorphs
Authors: Halim M A , Xue T , Rantz R , Zhang Q , Gu L , Yang K , Roundy S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present fabrication and characterization of a wrist-worn rotational energy harvester using plucked piezoelectric unimorph beams for wearable applications. It consists of an eccentric rotor containing multiple magnets (at certain angular distance) and multiple unimorph beams (clamped to a central hub) with a magnet at the tip of each beam, in an in-plane plucking configuration. While excited, the unimorph beams are asynchronously plucked by the rotor magnets that generate voltage/power by means of the piezoelectric effect. An electromechanical model has been developed to predict the system performance for different plucking magnet configurations. The unimorph beams (12 mm×3.5 mm) are fabricated by bonding a 25 μm thick nickel (Ni) foil to a 43 μm thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT). In order to achieve the highest yield (~ 91%), a custom fabrication process has been developed that utilizes process steps both inside and outside the cleanroom. Finally, a prototype has been assembled and tested by mounting it on a custom-built driven pendulum to provide a controlled pseudo-walking excitation. The system shows non-linear behaviour with the change in the number of adjacent plucking magnets. The most frequently plucked beam generates a maximum of 6.25 μW average power while plucked by a three-magnet configuration under ±25° and 1.25 Hz pseudo-walking excitation. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation.
Thermally self-sustaining tubular SOFC power generator with no moving parts
Authors: Wongwiwat J , Bhuripanyo P , Welles T S , DeBiase V P , Ahn J , Ronney P D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hydrocarbon fuels is roughly 50 times higher energy density compared to commercial batteries. However, scaling down electrical power generators for portable devices have been far from successful due to the difficulties of minimizing heat and friction losses. Hence, an alternate solution without moving parts incorporating a micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (mT-SOFC), thermal transpiration (gas pumping in a nanoporous medium from temperature gradient) and catalytic combustion on platinum surface is proposed. The concept involves having thermal transpiration membrane utilizes the temperature gradient created by mT-SOFC and catalytic combustion to supply reactants at high temperature to mT-SOFC for its operation. With this concept, catalytic combustion modeling and thermal transpiration membrane modeling were studied individually and integrated together for an airbreathing cylindrical chamber. The chamber design involves an aluminum cylinder wrapped with glass microfiber filter as transpiration membrane. Aluminum structure provides practically uniform temperature on inside surface of the membranes. Platinum mesh was used as a catalyst for rich butane-air combustion, the products of which supply the mT-SOFC. It was found that the temperature, fuel flow rate and equivalence ratio can be varied over mT-SOFC operation range. The integrated system demonstrates capability in self-sustaining power generation using hydrocarbon fuel without moving parts.
Modelling and design of highly coupled piezoelectric energy harvesters for broadband applications
Authors: Gibus D , Gasnier P , Morel A , Boisseau S , Badel A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports a method to design highly coupled piezoelectric energy harvesters with frequency tuning capabilities using nonlinear electrical techniques. A cantilever beam with two PMN-PT patches has been optimized thanks to both analytical modelling and Finite Element Methods (FEM). The built prototype exhibits a strong electromechanical coupling (k²=17.6%) and a figure of merit (km
2Q=12.4) which allow a bandwidth corresponding to 22% of the resonant frequency value.
Self-Tunable Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Esch J , Hoffmann D , Stojakov D , Manoli Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper we present a small self-tunable vibration energy harvester with an integrated electronic circuit board. The changing of the frequency is realized by a stepper motor which moves an anchor. By moving the anchor the effective length of the cantilever beam is changing and as a result the Eigen-frequency changes. The simulations and experimental results are shown for a proof-of-concept and a designed demonstrator in two configurations with a bandwidth of 12 to 30.5 Hz and 19 to 40 Hz. Depending on several factors the possible tuning resolution is between 0.2 and 2 Hz which allows an efficient energy harvesting in the given frequency range.
Power Enhancement of Silicon Membrane-based Thermoelectric Energy Harvester with Tailored Holey Nanostructures
Authors: Yanagisawa R. , Nomura M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We develop SOI-based silicon membrane thermoelectric power generator with phononic crystal nanostructures. Phononic crystal nanostructures which are well designed periodic structures considering phonon mean free path enhance phonon scattering to reduce thermal conductivity of silicon membranes and improve their thermoelectric figure of merit twice. We demonstrate power enhancement of thermoelectric generator with nanostructure patterning. By using nanoimprint lithography method, we pattern this phononic crystal nanostructures in 3 x 2 mm area of silicon membrane for thermoelectric devices.
A self-sustained energy storage system with an electrostatic automatic switch and a buck converter for triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Hemin , Galayko Dimitri , Basset Philippe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present for the first time a complete energy harvesting system fo triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that includes as a first stage a half-wave rectifier, and as a second stage an electrostatic automatic switch combined with a buck converter. This simple two-stage system allows to deal with the very high output voltages of TENGs: the system can power a commercial low-voltage output regulator, which cannot be realized by directly charging the storage capacitor only with diode rectifiers. Different from the previous works using dissipating transformers for voltage stepping-down or switches integrated with the TENG for impedance matching, this work demonstrates the properties of high power pumping up, potential size reduction and low power dissipations.
Compact, 3D-Printed Electron Impact Ion Source with Microfabricated, Nanosharp Si Field Emitter Array Cathode
Authors: Yang Chenye , Velásquez-García Luis Fernando 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel miniature electron impact gas ionizer manufactured via silicon micromachining and high-resolution 3D printing. The ionizer uses an array of 2,500 gated silicon nano-sharp field emitters (20 μm emitter pitch) as cathode and a set of additively manufactured, finely featured polymer and metallic parts as three-dimensional ion-generating structure. Finite element simulation of a gated field emitter tip predicts a start-up bias voltage equal to 64 V –close to the 62 V turn-on bias voltage estimated via experiments. The Si field emitter array emits 124.5 μA of electron current with ~60% gate transmission while operating at 200 V. The ionization efficiency of the gas ionizer is linear with pressure, reaching values as high as ~0.4% at 5×10−4 Torr.
Push-button Kinetic Energy Harvester with Soft-X-ray-charged Folded Multilayer Piezoelectret
Authors: Lu J , Suzuki Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Piezoelectret using space-charged porous polymer attracts much attention recently for its softness and high piezoelectric coefficient. It has already been applied to tactile or pressure sensing as well as to kinetic/vibrational energy harvesting. In the present study, a push-button energy harvester based on soft-X-ray charged folded multilayer piezoelectret is proposed. The folded structure with CYTOP-coated parylene-C membranes yields an extremely low stiffness with effective Young’s modulus as low as 14 kPa. With the early prototype, 15.5 µJ/push has been obtained with a maximum force of only 1 N, which corresponds to the record-high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 30000 pC/N. In addition, LED light-up is also demonstrated upon finger press.
P(VDF–TrFE) based spiral thermo-magneto-electric generators for harvesting low grade thermal energy
Authors: Kishore R A , Singh D , Kumar P , Sriramdas R , Sanghadasa M , Priya S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Low-grade thermal energy harvesting remains a challenge because of the low Carnot efficiency. Among various thermal energy harvesting mechanisms available for capturing low-grade heat (hot-side temperature less than 100°C), thermomagnetic effect has been found to be the most promising. Developing a high power density thermo-magneto-electric generator (TMEG) requires developments at both materials as well engineering levels. In this study, we propose a novel P(VDF–TrFE) based spiral-shaped cantilever beam for TMEG. Numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and it was found that spiral beam experiences higher stresses, and consequently exhibits higher voltage output, as compared to rectangular cantilever beam for the same magnitude of tip deflection. Experiments revealed that the spiral structure of dimension 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm generates output voltage of about 4.0 mV, when oscillation displacement is 0.5 mm and oscillation frequency is 1 Hz. The output voltage increases with increase in tip deflection as well as oscillation frequency and a peak voltage of 25 mV is obtained at oscillation frequency of 10 Hz.
Electric-field controlled magnetic reorientation in exchange coupled CoFeB/Ni bilayer microstructures
Authors: Xiao Zhuyun , Lo Conte Roberto , Goiriena Maite , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , Li Xiang , Tiwari Sidhant , Lambert Charles-Henri , Salahuddin Sayeef , Carman Gregory P. , Wang Kang , Bokor Jeffrey , Candler Rob N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel strain-mediated composite multiferroic system is investigated in this work. The system is composed of magnetostrictive microstructures made of a ferromagnetic bilayer of negative magnetostrictive Ni and positive magnetostrictive CoFeB fabricated on a ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.69Ti0.31O3(PMN-PT) single crystal substrate. When an electric field is applied across the PMN-PT substrate, magnetization reorientation occurs in the microstructures that are predominantly initialized into flux-closure states. An x-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscope is used to experimentally visualize the electrically induced changes of the magnetization state of the individual layers as well as the exchange coupling between the two layers. Such heterostructures with tunable magnetoelectric properties have potential for new magnetic memory and sensor applications.
Supercapacitive Micro-Bio-Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Lin , Mohammadifar Maedeh , Choi Seokheun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe created innovative supercapacitive micro-bio-photovoltaic systems (or micro-BPVs) with maximized bacterial photoelectrochemical activities in a well-controlled, tightly enclosed micro-chamber. The technique was based on a 3-D double-functional bio-anode concurrently exhibiting bio-electrocatalytic and charge-storage features so that it offers the high-energy harvesting function of BPVs and the high-power operation of an internal supercapacitor for charging and discharging. During the charging-discharging operation with 3 min of charging and 2 min of discharging, our device produced a maximum power density of 19.12 μW/cm2and current density 212.09 μA/cm2, a performance significantly greater than that of the continuous discharging mode. This work creates a microscale hybrid energy-harvesting device that combines a biological photovoltaic device and a supercapacitor for self-sustainable field applications.
A complete tattoo-based wireless biofuel cell using lactate directly from sweat as fuel
Authors: Escalona-Villalpando R.A. , Ortiz-Ortega E. , Bocanegra-Ugalde J. P. , Minteer S. D. , Arriaga L.G. , Ledesma-García J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work, an enzymatic type wireless biofuel cell (BFC) has been implemented. The bioanode consisted in the immobilization of the enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx) with the dimethylferrocene-modified redox polymer linear polyethylenimine LPEI (FcM2-LPEI) and 5 % EDGE at a volumetric ratio of 56/24/3 and thoroughly mixed. The biocathodes were prepared immobilizing bilirubin oxidase (BOx) mixed with 7.5 mg of multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT modified with anthracene and TBAB-Nafion by successive vortex mixing/sonication steps and the paste was deposited qualitatively on flexible Toray carbon (TC-PTFE) using a brush. The cyclic voltammetry results of the bioanode and biocathode show an enzymatic activity in the lactate oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions in PBS and human sweat respectively. The evaluation of BFC tattoo was performed in different parts of the body under conditions of exercise by a healthy volunteer, finding that located on the chest, was obtained the greatest current (96 μA) with 0.55 V of OCP monitoring the system using a potentiostat and a wireless controlled device.
Virus-assembled technology for next generation bioenergy harvesting devices
Authors: Chu Sangwook , Brown Adam D , Culver James N , Ghodssi Reza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work reports Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based assembly of glucose oxidase (GOx) electrodes for the development of advanced enzymatic biofuel cells (EBCs). Cysteine-modified TMV (TMV1cys), self-assembled on Au electrodes, has served as a template for augmenting the GOx immobilization density via a robust chemical conjugation route. Enhanced enzymatic activity of the TMV1cys/GOx electrodes have been confirmed via colorimetric assay, and the electrochemical transduction of the catalytic reactions via mediated electron transfer resulted in a ~25-fold increase in electrochemical current compared to previous work using a similar strategy. This enhancement is attributed to the on-chip bioconjugation strategy presented in this work, leveraging the robust and high density self-assembly of TMV1cys on Au surface. The performance of an EBC consisting of TMV-assembled enzyme electrodes is reported for the first time, generating a maximum power density of 860 nW/cm2.
Development of A High-performance Amorphous Fluorinated Polymer Electret Based on Quantum Chemical Analysis
Authors: Kim Seonwoo , Suzuki Kuniko , Suzuki Yuji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present study, for the first time, a novel high-performance amorphous fluorinated polymer electret based on quantum chemical analysis is proposed. Density functional theory is adopted to analyse the electron affinity of CYTOP polymers with different end groups. In analysis of CYTOP series with different end groups, it is found that the amide bond at the end of CYTOP chain attract electron, leading to high electron affinity of the molecule. Based on the DFT results, a new electret material has been developed by adding Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAA) into CYTOP CTX-A. With a 15 µm-thick film, a record-high surface charge density of -4 mC/m2 has been obtained. It is also found from the thermally stimulated discharge experiment that the electron trapped in the CTX-A/TAA have higher thermal stability than CYTOP EGG, which is known as the best fluorinated polymer electret.
Self-Rechargeable Electret based on Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Hu Yushen , Wang Meihua , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new method to corona charge the electret after device packaging, based on the common electret based electrostatic vibration energy harvester (e-VEH) with the out-of-the-plane gap closing scheme. Combined with a new portable corona charging system, the electret in the device has been charged successfully. Here, new portable corona charging system is designed to be powered by another e-VEH directly. In our demo, one e-VEH powers the portable corona charging system first, and then the system releases the energy to corona charge the electret in the other device through some build-in corona tips. After charging, the electret possesses a uniform surface potential, and the device shows a better power output then before charging. In the future, if the surface potential of the electret decays after the e-VEH has been working for a long time, we can also use this new method to recharge the electret directly.
A Long-Lasting Microliter-Scale Microbial Biobattery Using Solid-State Ionics
Authors: Mohammadifar Maedeh , Choi Seokheun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report a microliter-scale bacteria-powered biobattery providing a long-term operational capability for potentially powering unattended wireless sensor networks. In a 20μL-chamber, the biobattery contained a horizontally arranged anode/salt-bridge/cathode configuration with solid-state agar electrolytes. A slow release of bacterial nutrients from a synthetic solid anolyte enabled a continuous current generation (> 6μA/cm2) over 8 days while a liquid-based anolyte was completely depleted within 4 hours. Given that wireless sensors require an ultra-low power intermittently, our micro-biobattery can be practically used for more than a month without human intervention. Agar-based catholyte and salt bridge further enhanced the device lifespan and ensured its practical feasibility as a power source for wireless sensors. The device was sealed with a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane to facilitate gas exchange to the bacteria and cathodic reactions, even ideally allowing for replenishing bacterial nutrients from environments for self-sustainable energy harvesting. Our device used Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to produce a maximum power density of 4μW/cm2 and current density 45μA/cm2 after 96 hours (day 4), which will be enough power for small-power applications.
Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting from Lithium Niobate Films
Authors: Clementi G , Margueron S , Suarez M A , Baron T , Dulmet B , Bartasyte A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSingle-crystalline LiNbO3films were studied as a pyro- and piezo-electric transducer for energy harvesting applications. Two types of devices: piezoelectric cantilever (PiEH) and pyroelectric chip (ThEH) were microfabricated. Different types of characterization were done, starting from a comparison of finite element method (FEM) simulated eigen-frequencies of cantilever beam and optical vibrometer measurements. According to electrical characterization, resonance frequencies of two cantilevers with different thickness were 1.26 kHz and 485 Hz with generated spontaneous power of 14 μW and 4 μW at 275-300 kΩ, respectively. Finally thermal characterization of pyroelectric samples showed voltage amplitudes ranging from 1 to 2.5mV in the temperature range of 50-200 °C.
MISTIC - Micro Stirling Heat Engines for Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Avetissian T. , Leveillé É. , Hachey M.-A. , Formosa F. , Fréchette L. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on the fabrication and validation of the piston assembly for a new micro heat engine based on the Stirling cycle, (MISTIC - MIcro STIrling Clusters), intended for electric power generation by harvesting low temperature waste heat (≥ 200° C). Here, we define the requirements, develop the fabrication processes and fabricate piston assemblies to show the feasibility. Static and dynamic response of the pistons show that high quality factors (Q>100) are achievable with the polymer structures and the natural frequencies of adjacent pistons can be matched (within 4 percent), two characteristics required to allow start-up of the engine. We also demonstrate an electromagnetic actuator that is capable of individually exciting the pistons to further facilitate start-up.
Synchronous circuits with self-adaptive mechanical switches of viscous material: a parameter study
Authors: Yuan Zhongxin , Liu Weiqun , Tian Wendi , Huang Yao , Zhao Zixiang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dedicated units are generally needed for operating the switches in synchronous extraction circuits which are considered to be effective in enhancing the power of piezoelectric generators. This paper presents a novel design of self-adaptive mechanical switch using viscous materials. It can trace the displacement peaks and perform the switching operations synchronously with higher performance, less electronic components and lower voltage threshold. A parameter study shows that the relaxing time of the viscous material has different effects in the case of harmonic and noise excitations with varied optimization goals.
Wearable Triboelectric Generator based on a Hybrid Mix of Carbon Nanotube and Polymer Layers
Authors: Su M , Brugger J , Kim B J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A novel single-layer structured triboelectric generator (TEG) is proposed with a hybrid mix of carbon nanotube (CNT) and silk. Here, the mixing of two materials in liquid phase for proven effective power generation is shown. In this research, CNT provides the function of conductivity, whereas silk fibroin forms the main triboelectric generation material that is uniformly mixed with CNT, to achieve a conductive film with superior electric power generation capability. The newly proposed TEG shows very good electrical performance and great potential in simplifying TEG’s structure and manufacturing process, enhancing their feasibility in future wearable applications.