bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Interfaces of Electrocatalysts Down to Atomic Scales: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Li Xin , Kou Zongkui , Wang John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRaising electrocatalysis by rationally devising catalysts plays a core role in almost all renewable energy conversion and storage systems. The principal catalytic properties can be controlled and improved well by manipulation of interfaces, ascribed to the interactions among different components/players at the interfaces. In particular, manipulating interfaces down to atomic scales is becoming increasingly attractive, not only because those atoms at around the interface are the key players during electrocatalysis, but also, understandings on the atomic level electrocatalysis allow one to gain deep insights into the reaction mechanism. With the feature down‐sizing to atomic scales, there is a timely need to redefine the interfaces, as some of them have gone beyond the conventionally perceived interfacial concept. In this overview, the key active players participating in the interfacial manipulation of electrocatalysts are examined, from a new angle of “atomic interface,” including those individual atoms, defects, and their interactions, together with the essential characterization techniques for them. The specific approaches and pathways to engineer better atomic interfaces are investigated, and thus to enable the unique electrocatalysis for targeted applications. Looking beyond recent progress, the challenges and prospects of the atomic level interfacial engineering are also briefly visited.
Mark‐Recapture Distance Sampling for Aerial Surveys of Ungulates on Rangelands
Authors: Peterson Mary K. , Foley Aaron M. , Tri Andrew N. , Hewitt David G. , DeYoung Randy W. , DeYoung Charles A. , Campbell Tyler A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAerial surveys are an efficient technique for counting animals over large geographic areas such as rangelands. In southwestern rangelands, aerial surveys are routinely conducted for ungulates, with the implicit understanding that abundance estimates represent an undercount. Distance sampling can correct for visibility bias, but assumes perfect detection on the survey line, a condition often violated in aerial surveys of ungulates. The incorporation of mark‐resight methods into the distance‐sampling framework, termed mark‐recapture distance sampling (MRDS), corrects for both visibility bias and imperfect detection on the survey line. However, the use of MRDS introduces logistical and technical constraints that may not be practical for aerial surveys. We conducted aerial surveys of ungulates on rangelands in south Texas, USA, to evaluate the feasibility and performance of MRDS relative to conventional distance sampling (CDS) and multiple covariate distance sampling (MCDS). We conducted surveys prior to and after leaf‐fall in 2013–2015 to test the hypothesis that distance sampling corrected for changes in visibility bias. We surveyed white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and feral swine (Sus scrofa) on 4 sites. Each site was surveyed seasonally for 2 years; twice both prior to (Nov) and after leaf‐fall (Feb). Probability of detection on survey lines for each species was high (range = 0.82–0.97) and the average for each species was similar between seasons (0.89 and 0.92 during pre and post leaf‐fall, respectively). The MRDS density estimates often were only ~10% greater than CDS and MCDS estimates; all population estimates had overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Further, CDS and MCDS estimates were similar indicating that measured covariates (seat position, vegetation type, and cluster size) contributed little towards detection probabilities. Despite similar average probability of detection for all species before and after leaf‐fall (0.47 and 0.51, respectively), deer and nilgai population estimates were 22–59% lower during fall surveys than winter surveys. The discrepancy between consistent probability of detections with different population estimates suggests that availability bias, which cannot be addressed with distance sampling, was an issue. Overall, the MRDS technique addressed imperfect detection on the survey line and generated probabilities of detection in the survey area consistent with previous studies done in Texas. However, the extra costs (~US$13,000) and logistical hurdles to preserve observer independence for a small increase in precision of population estimates may not be justifiable. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of the internal structures of monolith ceramic substrates on thermal and hydraulic properties: additive manufacturing, numerical modelling and experimental testing
Authors: Kovacev Nikolina , Li Sheng , Zeraati-Rezaei Soheil , Hemida Hassan , Tsolakis Athanasios , Essa Khamis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRigorous emission regulations call for more efficient passive control catalysts for exhaust gas aftertreatment without affecting the internal combustion process and CO2 emissions. Although the state-of-art ceramic honeycomb substrate designs provide high surface area and a degree of flexibility for heat and mass transfer adaptations, additional emission reduction benefits can be achieved when more flexible designs to provide effective thermal management are introduced. The conventional cordierite honeycomb substrates are manufactured by extrusion; therefore, only substrates with straight channels can be fabricated. This study aims to highlight any design limitations of conventional substrates by employing additive manufacturing as the main method of manufacturing diamond lattice structures using DLP (digital light processing) technology. Both conventional substrates and diamond lattice structures are studied numerically and experimentally for flow through resistance and temperature distribution. Numerical predictions and experimental results showed good agreement. The results show the increase of the axial temperature distribution for diamond lattice structures and a significant decrease of the pressure drop (38–45%) in comparison with the benchmark honeycomb with similar surface area.
[11C]MODAG-001—towards a PET tracer targeting α-synuclein aggregates
Authors: Kuebler Laura , Buss Sabrina , Leonov Andrei , Ryazanov Sergey , Schmidt Felix , Maurer Andreas , Weckbecker Daniel , Landau Anne M. , Lillethorup Thea P. , Bleher Daniel , Saw Ran Sing , Pichler Bernd J. , Griesinger Christian , Giese Armin , Herfert Kristina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates in the human brain is one of the major hallmarks of synucleinopathies. However, a target-specific tracer to detect pathological aggregates of αSYN remains lacking. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer based on anle138b, a compound shown to have therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
Specificity and selectivity of [3H]MODAG-001 were tested in in vitro binding assays using recombinant fibrils. After carbon-11 radiolabeling, the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was determined in mice. Specific binding was quantified in rats, inoculated with αSYN fibrils and using in vitro autoradiography in human brain sections of Lewy body dementia (LBD) cases provided by the Neurobiobank Munich (NBM).

Results
[3H]MODAG-001 revealed a very high affinity towards pure αSYN fibrils (Kd = 0.6 ± 0.1 nM) and only a moderate affinity to hTau46 fibrils (Kd = 19 ± 6.4 nM) as well as amyloid-β1–42 fibrils (Kd = 20 ± 10 nM). [11C]MODAG-001 showed an excellent ability to penetrate the mouse brain. Metabolic degradation was present, but the stability of the parent compound improved after selective deuteration of the precursor. (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 binding was confirmed in fibril-inoculated rat striata using in vivo PET imaging. In vitro autoradiography showed no detectable binding to aggregated αSYN in human brain sections of LBD cases, most likely, because of the low abundance of aggregated αSYN against background protein.

Conclusion
MODAG-001 provides a promising lead structure for future compound development as it combines a high affinity and good selectivity in fibril-binding assays with suitable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties.
Die Bedeutung von Gratifikationen bei der Aneignung neuer Medien im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEine verbreitete Annahme geht davon aus, dass Menschen im Laufe der Jugend und des Erwachsenenlebens bestimmte Dispositionen des Umgangs mit Medien erlernen, die es ihnen später erschweren, neue mediale Nutzungsmuster zu entwickeln. Jenseits theoretischer Annahmen besteht bislang ein Mangel an explorierenden Untersuchungen, die der Frage nachgehen, unter welchen Bedingungen ältere Menschen digitale, ihnen bislang nicht vertraute Medien aufgreifen und in ihren Alltag einbeziehen.Material und MethodenZwischen Oktober 2019 und März 2020 wurden 16 halbstandardisierte Einzelinterviews mit Personen zwischen 80 und 92 Jahren geführt, die sich in den letzten Jahren ein digitales Medium neu erschlossen und in ihren Alltag integriert haben.ErgebnisseDie Interviewten haben sich neue Medien zielgerichtet angeeignet. Dabei fällt auf, dass Aneignungsprozesse maßgeblich durch gravierende Veränderungen der Lebensumstände angestoßen wurden. Die Intention der Aneignung eines internetfähigen Mediums lag bei den meisten Interviewten im Wunsch begründet, wenige ausgewählte Funktionen nutzen zu wollen. Erst mit einiger Verzögerung sind neue Möglichkeiten der Onlinenutzung ausgekundschaftet worden. Im Hinblick auf die Motive und Gratifikationen der Aneignung wurden folgende Muster identifiziert: Neue Medien als … 1) Hobbyerweiterung, 2) Hilfsnetz, 3) Kompensationsinstrument, 4) Anschlussmöglichkeit, 5) Ausbruch aus dem Alltag.DiskussionSoweit gewinnbringende, alltagsnahe Nutzungspotenziale wahrgenommen werden, zeigen ältere Menschen ein hohes Maß an Anpassungsfähigkeit in Bezug auf neue Medien. Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint ein gratifikationsorientiertes Modell als vielversprechender Ausgangspunkt, um Voraussetzungen für die Medienaneignung anhand von Motiven zu erklären, die sinnhafte Anreize schaffen, den Umgang mit neuen Medien im höheren Lebensalter zu erlernen.
Pharmacotherapy of 1,044 inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder: current status and trends in German-speaking countries
Authors: Reinhard Matthias A. , Seifert Johanna , Greiner Timo , Toto Sermin , Bleich Stefan , Grohmann Renate 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with limited approved pharmacological treatment options and high symptom burden. Therefore, real-life prescription patterns may differ from guideline recommendations, especially in psychiatric inpatient settings. The European Drug Safety Program in Psychiatry (“Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie”, AMSP) collects inpatients’ prescription rates cross-sectionally twice a year in German-speaking psychiatric hospitals. For this study, the AMSP database was screened for psychiatric inpatients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD between 2001 and 2017. N = 1,044 patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were identified with 89.9% taking psychotropics. The average prescription rate was 2.4 (standard deviation: 1.5) psychotropics per patient with high rates of antidepressant drugs (72.0%), antipsychotics drugs (58.4%) and tranquilizing drugs (29.3%). The presence of psychiatric comorbidities was associated with higher rates of psychotropic drug use. The most often prescribed substances were quetiapine (24.1% of all patients), lorazepam (18.1%) and mirtazapine (15.0%). The use of drugs approved for PTSD was low (sertraline 11.1%; paroxetine 3.7%). Prescription rates of second-generation antipsychotic drugs increased, while the use of tranquilizing drugs declined over the years. High prescription rates and extensive use of sedative medication suggest a symptom-driven prescription (e.g., hyperarousal, insomnia) that can only be explained to a minor extent by existing comorbidities. The observed discrepancy with existing guidelines underlines the need for effective pharmacological and psychological treatment options in psychiatric inpatient settings.
Isthmin1, a secreted signaling protein, acts downstream of diverse embryonic patterning centers in development
Authors: Kesavan Gokul , Raible Florian , Gupta Mansi , Machate Anja , Yilmaz Dilara , Brand Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular signals play essential roles during embryonic patterning by providing positional information in a concentration-dependent manner, and many such signals, like Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), and retinoic acid, act by being secreted into the extracellular space, thereby triggering receptor-mediated responses in other cells.Isthmin1(ism1) is a secreted protein whose gene expression pattern coincides with that of early dorsal determinants, nodal ligand genes likesqtandcyc, and withfgf8during various phases of zebrafish development. Ism1 functions in early embryonic patterning and development are poorly understood; however, it has recently been shown to interact with nodal pathway genes to control organ asymmetry in chicken. Here, we show that misexpression ofism1deletion constructs disrupts embryonic patterning in zebrafish and exhibits genetic interactions with both Fgf and nodal signaling. Unlike Fgf and nodal pathway mutants, CRISPR/Cas9-engineeredism1mutants did not show obvious developmental defects. Further, in vivo single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) showed that Ism1 diffuses freely in the extra-cellular space, with a diffusion coefficient similar to that of Fgf8a; however, our measurements do not support direct molecular interactions between Ism1 and either nodal ligands or Fgf8a in the developing zebrafish embryo. Together, data from gain- and loss-of-function experiments suggest that zebrafish Ism1 plays a complex role in regulating extracellular signals during early embryonic development.
Bodily Maps of Emotion in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Lyons Naomi , Strasser Alexa , Beitz Bernard , Teismann Tobias , Ostermann Thomas , Anderle Laura , Michalak Johannes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmotions play a central role in mental disorder and especially in depression. They are sensed in the body, and it has recently been shown in healthy participants that these sensations can be differentiated between emotions. The aim of the current study was to assess bodily sensations for basic emotions induced by emotion eliciting pictures in depression.Methods30 healthy controls (HC), 30 individuals suffering from Major depressive disorder (MDD) without medication use (MDDnm) and 30 individuals with MDD with medication use (MDDm) were shown emotional and neutral pictures and were asked to paint areas in an empty body silhouette where they felt an increase or decrease in activation. Body sensation maps were then calculated and statistical pattern recognition applied.ResultsResults indicated statistically separable activation patterns for all three groups. MDDnm showed less overall activation than HCs, especially in sadness and fear, while MDDm showed stronger deactivation for all emotions than the other two groups.ConclusionsWe could show that emotion experience was associated with bodily sensations that are weaker in depression than in healthy controls and that antidepressant medication was correlated with an increased feeling of bodily deactivation. Results give insights into the relevance for clinicians to acknowledge bodily sensations in the treatment of depression.
Re-investigation of the Normal Spectral Emissivity at 684.5 nm of Solid and Liquid Molybdenum
Authors: Eber Alexander , Pichler Peter , Pottlacher Gernot 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present normal spectral emissivity data of solid and liquid molybdenum at a wavelength of 684.5 nm. The presented results are novel measurements on molybdenum, a material, which was already measured 15 years ago by our group. The present results indicate a lower emissivity in the liquid phase. The novel measurements were done within the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) project 17IND11 Hi-TRACE. The optimized measuring system is an ohmic pulse-heating apparatus combined with microsecond Division of Amplitude polarimetry.
High-Temperature Oxidation of NiAlCr–Ca and NiAlCr–Sr Alloys in Air
Authors: Azakli Yunus , Gunduz Kerem Ozgur , Cengiz Sezgin , Gencer Yucel , Tarakci Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, interrupted oxidation behavior of synthetic NiAlCr–Ca (Ca = 0.3, 1.4, 2 at.%) and NiAlCr–Sr (Sr = 0.4 at.%) alloys in the air at 1027 °C for 192 h was investigated. Parabolic rate constants (kp) showed that the Sr-containing alloy exhibited the best oxidation resistance among the alloys investigated in this study. The oxide scale formed on the Sr-containing alloy was composed of α-Al2O3 phase with Sr-rich nodules. Increasing the Ca concentration in the alloys was found to reduce the oxidation resistance due to the formation of non-protective Ca-rich complex oxides and consumption of α-Al2O3 scale by the reaction between Al2O3 and CaO. The Ca-rich complex oxides were initially formed on the Ca-rich interdendritic region and grew with time. Very little scale spallation was observed for the Sr-containing alloy, while it was notable for 0.3 at.% Ca-containing alloy. Spallation was attributed to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch arisen from the formation of CaAl4O7 phase, a compound with a very low CTE.
Analysis of the developing gut microbiota in young dairy calves—impact of colostrum microbiota and gut disturbances
Authors: Hang Bui Phan Thu , Wredle Ewa , Dicksved Johan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the colostrum and fecal microbiota in calves and to investigate whether fecal microbiota composition was related to colostrum microbiota or factors associated with calf health. Colostrum samples were collected in buckets after hand milking of 76 calving cows from 38 smallholder dairy farms. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum of 76 calves at birth and at 14 days age. The bacterial community structure in colostrum and feces was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for all samples, and the microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for a subset of the samples (8 colostrum, 40 fecal samples). There was a significant difference in fecal microbiota composition between day 0 and day 14 samples, but no associations between the microbiota and average daily gain, birth weight, or transfer of passive immunity. At 14 days of age, Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus were prevalent in higher relative abundances in the gut of healthy calves compared to calves with diarrhea that had been treated with antimicrobials. Colostrum showed great variation in composition of microbiota but no association to fecal microbiota. This study provides the first insights into the composition of colostrum and fecal microbiota of young dairy calves in southern Vietnam and can form the basis for future more detailed studies.
What Do Migrants Know About Their Childcare Rights? A First Exploration in West Germany
Authors: Seibel Verena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough an increasing number of studies emphasise migrants’ lack of knowledge about their childcare rights as a crucial barrier to their childcare usage, almost none examines the conditions under which migrant families acquire this knowledge. This study contributes to the literature by exploring potential individual factors determining migrant families’ knowledge about their childcare rights in Germany. I use unique data collected through the project Migrants’ Welfare State Attitudes (MIFARE), in which nine different migrant groups in Germany were surveyed about their relation to the welfare state, including childcare. Analysing a total sample of 623 migrants living with children in their household and by using logistic regression analyses, I find that human and social capital play significant roles in explaining migrants’ knowledge about their childcare rights. Migrants who speak the host language sufficiently are more likely to know about their childcare rights; however, it does not matter whether migrants are lower or higher educated. Moreover, I observe that migrants benefit from their co-ethnic relations only if childcare usage is high among their ethnic group. Based on these results, policy recommendations are discussed in order to increase migrants’ knowledge about their childcare rights in Germany.
The Football Association Injury and Illness Surveillance Study: The Incidence, Burden and Severity of Injuries and Illness in Men’s and Women’s International Football
Authors: Sprouse Bradley , Alty Jon , Kemp Steve , Cowie Charlotte , Mehta Ritan , Tang Alicia , Morris John , Cooper Simon , Varley Ian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the incidence and characteristics of injury and illness in English men’s and women’s senior and youth international football.

Methods
Time-loss injuries and illnesses, alongside match and training exposure, were collected across 8 seasons (2012–2020) in youth (U15, U16, U17, U18, U19) and senior (U20, U21, U23, senior) English men’s and women’s international teams. Analysis of incidence, burden, and severity of injury and illness was completed. Sex-specific comparisons were made between the senior and youth groups, and across the 8 seasons of data collection.

Results
In men’s international football, 535 injuries were recorded (216 senior; 319 youth) during 73,326 h of exposure. Overall, match injury incidence (31.1 ± 10.8 injuries/1000 h) and burden (454.0 ± 195.9 d absent/1000 h) were greater than training injury incidence (4.0 ± 1.0 injuries/1000 h) and burden (51.0 ± 21.8 d absent/1000 h) (both P < 0.001). In women’s international football, 503 injuries were recorded (senior: 177; youth: 326) during 80,766 h of exposure and match injury incidence (27.6 ± 11.3 injuries/1000 h) and burden (506.7 ± 350.2 days absent/1000 h) were greater than training injury incidence (5.1 ± 1.8 injuries/1000 h) and burden (87.6 ± 32.8 days absent/1000 h) (both P < 0.001). In women’s international football, a group × season interaction was observed for training injury incidence (P = 0.021), with the senior group recording a greater training injury incidence during the 2015–2016 season compared to the youth group (14.4 vs 5.7 injuries/1000 h; P = 0.022). There was no difference in injury severity between match and training for men’s (P = 0.965) and women’s (P = 0.064) international football.

Conclusions
The findings provide a comprehensive examination of injury and illness in English men’s and women’s senior and youth international football. Practitioners will be able to benchmark their team’s injury and illness incidence and characteristics to the match-play and training information provided in the present study.