bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Dementia in the Oldest Old
Authors: Jia Yichen , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Hughes Tiffany F. , Jacobsen Erin , Wang Shu , Berman Sarah B. , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Ganguli Mary 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Incidence of dementia increases exponentially with age; little is known about its risk factors in the ninth and 10th decades of life. We identified predictors of dementia with onset after age 85 years in a longitudinal population-based cohort.

Methods:
On the basis of annual assessments, incident cases of dementia were defined as those newly receiving Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) ≥1. We used a machine learning method, Markov modeling with hybrid density-based and partition-based clustering, to identify variables associated with subsequent incident dementia.

Results:
Of 1439 participants, 641 reached age 85 years during 10 years of follow-up and 45 of these became incident dementia cases. Using hybrid density-based and partition-based, among those aged 85+ years, probability of incident dementia was associated with worse self-rated health, more prescription drugs, subjective memory complaints, heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, thyroid disease, arthritis, reported hypertension, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hearing impairment. In the subgroup aged 85 to 89 years, risk of dementia was also associated with depression symptoms, not currently smoking, and lacking confidantes.

Conclusions:
An atheoretical machine learning method revealed several factors associated with increased probability of dementia after age 85 years in a population-based cohort. If independently validated in other cohorts, these findings could help identify the oldest-old at the highest risk of dementia.
Evolution of bodily distress disorders
Authors: Basavarajappa Chethan , Dahale Ajit Bhalchandra , Desai Geetha 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The nomenclature and classification of somatoform disorders have undergone revisions in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM 5) and the upcoming eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The present review describes the changes that have evolved and highlight the possible challenges.

Recent findings
Bodily distress disorders replace the term somatoform disorders. The emphasis on the symptoms to be medically unexplained has been removed. The need to have a certain number of symptoms associated with different organ systems has made way to the presence of one or more distressing bodily symptoms. The focus on psychological aspects like excessive attention, thoughts, and behaviors associated with bodily symptoms have been added to make it a more diagnosis of inclusion rather than exclusion. An additional qualifier of severity has been added, which highlights the importance of impairment associated with these symptoms.

Summary
The diagnostic criteria for bodily distress disorders is a step towards making the diagnostic criteria clinically useful and appears to be applicable across the healthcare settings. However, the ability to discern this diagnosis with the newly revised classification of chronic pain and the possibility of over psychologizing the medical disorders need to be researched.
A novel role of MNT as a negative regulator of REL and the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Liaño-Pons Judit , Lafita-Navarro M. Carmen , Colomer Carlota , García-Gaipo Lorena , Rodríguez Javier , von Kriegsheim Alex , Hurlin Peter , Delgado M. Dolores , Bigas Anna , Espinosa M. Lluis , Leon Javier 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMNT, a transcription factor of the MXD family, is an important modulator of the oncoprotein MYC. Both MNT and MYC are basic-helix-loop-helix proteins that heterodimerize with MAX in a mutually exclusive manner, and bind to E-boxes within regulatory regions of their target genes. While MYC generally activates transcription, MNT represses it. However, the molecular interactions involving MNT as a transcriptional regulator beyond the binding to MAX remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate a novel MAX-independent protein interaction between MNT and c-REL (REL), the oncogenic member of the REL/NF-κB family. REL is involved in important biological processes and it is found altered in a variety of tumors. REL is a transcription factor that remains inactive in the cytoplasm in an inhibitory complex with IκB and translocates to the nucleus when the NF-κB pathway is activated. In the present manuscript, we show thatMNTknockdown triggers REL translocation into the nucleus and thus the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile,MNToverexpression results in the repression of IκBα, abona-fideREL target. Indeed, both MNT and REL bind to the IκBα gene at a region mapping in the first exon, suggesting its regulation as a MNT-REL complex. Altogether our data indicate that MNT acts as a repressor of the NF-κB pathway by two different mechanisms: 1) retention of REL in the cytoplasm by MNT protein interaction and 2) MNT-driven repression of REL-target genes through a MNT-REL complex. These results widen our knowledge about MNT biological roles and reveal a novel connection between the MYC/MXD and the NF-κB pathways, two of the most prominent pathways involved in cancer.
Classification and Generation of Microscopy Images with Plasmodium Falciparum via Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Christian Ramarolahy Rija Tonny , Gyasi Esther Opoku , Crimi Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies use machine-learning techniques to detect parasites in microscopy images automatically. However, these tools are trained and tested in specific datasets. Indeed, even if over-fitting is avoided during the improvements of computer vision applications, large differences are expected. Differences might be related to settings of camera (exposure, white balance settings, etc) and different blood film slides preparation. Moreover, generative adversial networks offer new opportunities in microscopy: data homogenization, and increase of images in case of imbalanced or small sample size.MethodsTaking into consideration all those aspects, in this paper, we describe a more complete view including both detection and generating synthetic images: i) an automated detection used to detect malaria parasites on stained blood smear images using machine learning techniques testing several datasets. ii) investigate transfer learning and further testing in different unseen datasets having different staining, microscope, resolution, etc. iii) a generative approach to create synthetic images which can deceive experts.ResultsThe tested architecture achieved 0.98 and 0.95 area under the ROC curve in classifying images with respectively thin and thick smear. Moreover, the generated images proved to be very similar to the original and difficult to be distinguished by an expert microscopist, which identified correcly the real data for one dataset but had 50% misclassification for another dataset of images.ConclusionThe proposed deep-learning architecture performed well on a classification task for malaria parasites classification. The automated detection for malaria can help the technician to reduce their work and do not need any presence of experts. Moreover, generative networks can also be applied to blood smear images to generate useful images for microscopists. Opening new ways to data augmentation, translation and homogenization.
A Transcriptional Switch Governing Fibroblast Plasticity Underlies Reversibility of Chronic Heart Disease
Authors: Alexanian Michael , Przytycki Pawel F. , Micheletti Rudi , Padmanabhan Arun , Ye Lin , Travers Joshua G. , Teran Barbara Gonzalez , Duan Qiming , Ranade Sanjeev S. , Felix Franco , Linares-Saldana Ricardo , Huang Yu , Andreoletti Gaia , Yang Jin , Ivey Kathryn N. , Jain Rajan , McKinsey Timothy A. , Rosenfeld Michael G. , Gifford Casey , Pollard Katherine S. , Haldar Saptarsi M. , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn diseased organs, stress-activated signaling cascades alter chromatin, triggering broad shifts in transcription and cell state that exacerbate pathology. Fibroblast activation is a common stress response that worsens lung, liver, kidney and heart disease, yet its mechanistic basis remains poorly understood1,2. Pharmacologic inhibition of the BET family of transcriptional coactivators alleviates cardiac dysfunction and associated fibrosis, providing a tool to mechanistically interrogate maladaptive fibroblast states and modulate their plasticity as a potential therapeutic approach3–8. Here, we leverage dynamic single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of heart tissue with and without BET inhibition to reveal a reversible transcriptional switch underlying stress-induced fibroblast activation. Transcriptomes of resident cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated robust and rapid toggling between the quiescent fibroblast and activated myofibroblast state in a manner that directly correlated with BET inhibitor exposure and cardiac function. Correlation of single cell chromatin accessibility with cardiac function revealed a novel set of reversibly accessible DNA elements that correlated with disease severity. Among the most dynamic elements was an enhancer regulating the transcription factor MEOX1, which was specifically expressed in activated myofibroblasts, occupied putative regulatory elements of a broad fibrotic gene program, and was required for TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation. CRISPR interference of the most dynamiccis-element within the enhancer, marked by nascent transcription, prevented TGFβ-induced activation ofMeox1. These findings identify MEOX1 as a central regulator of stress-induced myofibroblast activation associated with cardiac dysfunction. The plasticity and specificity of the BET-dependent regulation of MEOX1 in endogenous tissue fibroblasts provides newtrans- andcis- targets for treating fibrotic disease.
Two DNA binding domains of Mga act in combination to suppress ectopic activation of meiosis-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Uranishi Kousuke , Hirasaki Masataka , Kitamura Yuka , Mizuno Yosuke , Nishimoto Masazumi , Suzuki Ayumu , Okuda Akihiko 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYMouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have high potential for meiotic entry, like germ cells. Although the physiological meaning of this potential is not known, it is certain that a rigid safeguarding system is required to prevent ectopic onset of meiosis. PRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, is known for its suppression of precocious and ectopic meiotic onset in germ cells and ESCs, respectively, in which MGA has important roles in DNA binding as well as in constructing the complex as a scaffolding component. As a salient feature, MGA bears two distinct DNA-binding domains termed bHLHZ and T-box. However, how these features contribute to the functions of PRC1.6, particularly in the repression of meiotic genes, remains largely obscure. Here, we demonstrated that both DNA binding domains of Mga repress distinct sets of genes in murine ESCs, and substantial numbers of meiosis-related genes are included in both gene sets. In addition, our data demonstrated that both DNA binding domains of Mga, in particular bHLHZ, are crucially involved in repressing the expression ofMeiosin, which plays essential roles in meiotic entry in collaboration withStra8, revealing at least part of the molecular mechanisms that link negative and positive regulation of meiotic onset.
Beyond orphaned infants: novel effects of maternal death in wild primates
Authors: Zipple Matthew N. , Altmann Jeanne , Campos Fernando A. , Cords Marina , Fedigan Linda M. , Lawler Richard R. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Perry Susan , Pusey Anne E. , Stoinski Tara S. , Strier Karen B. , Alberts Susan C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the lifespan. Here we leverage data from eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival during the years immediatelyprecedingmaternal death, while the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have important implications for the evolution of slow life histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal condition and survival are more important for offspring fitness than previously realized.
The discovery of a recombinant SARS2-like CoV strain provides insights into SARS and COVID-19 pandemics
Authors: Li Xin , Jin Xiufeng , Chen Shunmei , Wang Liangge , Yau Tung On , Yang Jianyi , Hong Zhangyong , Ruan Jishou , Duan Guangyou , Gao Shan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, the world awoke to a new zoonotic strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the present study, we identified key recombination regions and mutation sites cross the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and SARS-like CoV clusters of betacoronavirus subgroup B. Based on the analysis of these recombination events, we proposed that the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may have more than one specific receptor for its function. In addition, we reported—for the first time—a recombination event ofORF8at the whole-gene level in a bat and ultimately determined that ORF8 enhances the viral replication. In conjunction with our previous discoveries, we found that receptor binding abilities, junction furin cleavage sites (FCSs), strong first ribosome binding sites (RBSs) and enhancedORF8s are main factors contributing to transmission, virulence and host adaptability of CoVs. Junction FCSs and enhancedORF8s increase the efficiencies in viral entry into cells and replication, respectively while strong first RBSs enhance the translational initiation. The strong recombination ability of CoVs integrated these factors to generate multiple recombinant strains, two of which evolved into SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 by nature selection, resulting in the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics.
Automated Classification of Bacterial Cell Sub-Populations with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tamiev Denis , Furman Paige , Reuel Nigel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantification of phenotypic heterogeneity present amongst bacterial cells can be a challenging task. Conventionally, classification and counting of bacteria sub-populations is achieved with manual microscopy, due to the lack of alternative, high-throughput, autonomous approaches. In this work, we apply classification-type convolutional neural networks (cCNN) to classify and enumerate bacterial cell sub-populations (B. subtilisclusters). Here, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the cCNN developed in this study can be as high as 86% when trained on a relatively small dataset (81 images). We also developed a new image preprocessing algorithm, specific to fluorescent microscope images, which increases the amount of training data available for the neural network by 72 times. By summing the classified cells together, the algorithm provides a total cell count which is on parity with manual counting, but is 10.2 times more consistent and 3.8 times faster. Finally, this work presents a complete solution framework for those wishing to learn and implement cCNN in their synthetic biology work.
Mechanism of humanistic leadership for success: lessons from Konosuke Matsushita
Authors: Ono Kaori , Ikegami Jusuke J.J. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study contributes to the construction of a theory on humanistic leadership in the context of Japanese culture. Although the Japanese management system has been described as human-oriented, there has been limited research on this subject, especially regarding top leaders. This case study focuses on Konosuke Matsushita, the founder of Matsushita Electric (now Panasonic), who devoted his life as a businessperson to investigating human nature. The authors examined how the humanistic approach influenced his beliefs and behaviors, as well as his company's performance. The authors then show how current employees at Panasonic have implemented and interpreted his philosophy.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a qualitative case study. Data were gathered from transcriptions of archived recordings, interviews and Internet documents. They were then coded for analyses.FindingsThe findings show how humanistic leadership can succeed via seven behaviors: building a company philosophy aimed at the prosperity of society and the well-being of people, being aware of one's own weaknesses, listening to others, improving oneself, developing people, respecting people and making a profit for society.Originality/valueThe study identifies the behavioral aspects of humanistic leadership for building a leadership theory and provides insight into how Matsushita's leadership characteristics and behaviors are connected to Japanese cultural values.
Three-dimensional CFD simulation and experimental validation of particle segregation in CFB riser
Authors: Dwivedi Krishna Kant , Pramanick Achintya Kumar , Karmakar Malay Kumar , Chatterjee Pradip Kumar 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to perform the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with experimental validation to investigate the particle segregation effect in abrupt and smooth shapes circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers.Design/methodology/approachThe experimental investigations were carried out in lab-scale CFB systems and the CFD simulations were performed by using commercial software BARRACUDA. Special attention was paid to investigate the gas-particle flow behavior at the top of the riser with three different superficial velocities, namely, 4, 6 and 7.7 m/s. Here, a CFD-based noble simulation approach called multi-phase particle in cell (MP-PIC) was used to investigate the effect of traditional drag models (Wen-Yu, Ergun, Wen-Yu-Ergun and Richardson-Davidson-Harrison) on particle flow characteristics in CFB riser.FindingsFindings from the experimentations revealed that the increase in gas velocity leads to decrease the mixing index inside the riser. Moreover, the solid holdup found more in abrupt riser than smooth riser at the constant gas velocity. Despite the more experimental investigations, the findings with CFD simulations revealed that the MP-PIC approach, which was combined with different drag models could be more effective for the practical (industrial) design of CFB riser. Well agreement was found between the simulation and experimental outputs. The simulation work was compared with experimental data, which shows the good agreement (<4%).Originality/valueThe experimental and simulation study performed in this research study constitutes an easy-to-use with different drag coefficient. The proposed MP-PIC model is more effective for large particles fluidized bed, which can be helpful for further research on industrial gas-particle fluidized bed reactors. This study is expected to give throughout the analysis of CFB hydrodynamics with further exploration of overall fluidization.
Value co-creation in Couchsurfing – the Indonesian host perspective
Authors: Sevisari Undhan , Reichenberger Ina 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Collaborative consumption experiences in tourism have been examined widely, yet predominantly focused on guest perspectives. Using the sharing economy platform Couchsurfing, this study aims to use value co-creation to explore hosting experiences in non-monetary accommodation sharing in a developing country, including hosts’ motivations to participate, the range of social practices during hosting and the value outcomes achieved through hosting.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a social constructivist paradigm, 20 in-depth interviews and 1 focus group were conducted with experienced Couchsurfing hosts in Indonesia.

Findings
Findings highlight the exclusively intrinsic nature of hosts’ motivations and their subsequent impact on co-creational practices and value outcomes. Social practices revolve around the establishment and acquisition of social and cultural capital and providing guests with authentic local and cultural tourist experiences. Hosts reported value outcomes relating to friendship, knowledge, an improved sense of self and employment opportunities.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this research may not be transferable to Western accommodation sharing settings or more rural and less touristically developed regions within developing countries.

Social implications
It is argued that hosting can contribute positively to host communities in developing countries by facilitating intercultural communication and knowledge transfer while enhancing cultural self-identity and professional advancement.

Originality/value
The majority of existing research on accommodation sharing has examined guest perspectives while being placed within predominantly Western contexts. This paper adds new knowledge by exploring the host perspective and examining the impacts of the sharing economy in a developing country.
Exploring perceptions and attitudes of black Sub-Sahara African (BSSA) migrants towards residential care in England
Authors: Nyashanu Mathew , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Mushawa Fungisai , Ekpenyong Mandu Stephene 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Since the early 19th century, the UK has seen a decrease in mortality rates and increase in life expectancy. This has increased the number of elderly people being put into residential care. Change in British population demography with the arrival of many Africans from the black Sub-Sahara African (BSSA) countries has increased the need of these services. The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions and attitude of BSSA towards residential care from potential user perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was explorative qualitative in nature, using focus group discussions and one-on-one follow up semi-structured interviews. The focus group discussions and interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The Silences Framework was used to guide this study, and the collection of data was done using the thematic analysis approach.

Findings
This study found out that the sense of confinement, lack of ownership, non-provision of culturally friendly food, non-provision of culturally friendly personal care, non-provisional of culturally orientated death and dying care, stigma for being neglected and perceived poor inclusivity leading to loneliness were found to discourage BSSA research participants from taking up residential care in the UK.

Research limitations/implications
In future, there is need for cross-cultural comparisons of BSSA communities living in the UK and BSSA communities living in Africa or other parts of the world. This may enhance understanding the differences and similarities based on contextual social, political and economic factors.

Practical implications
There is a need to understand the needs and concerns of new communities in relation to residential care and make necessary changes to enhance diversity and inclusivity. More importantly, the curriculum and professional development courses for staff in health and social care need to factor in the concepts of cultural competency and inclusivity to prepare them for the increasingly changing terrain of social care.

Originality/value
Owing to the changing demography and diversity in the UK population, there is a need to re-orient and re-design residential care services provision to make it diverse and inclusive of new communities from other cultures.