bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Oral Health: From Simple Scoring to a Combined Risk-assessment Approach
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor , Chapple Liz , Busby M 
Published: November 2020

The ability to measure oral health is central to successful, patient-oriented clinical practice. In this regard, there have been a variety of definitions of oral health over the years, with the most recent being one by the FDI. Specific quality measures have been designed to assess, for example, the technical excellence of restorations, periodontal health, tooth wear, and, depth of caries (e.g. ICDAS). However, a single index that would produce a composite score of oral health could be considered desirable and the ideal criteria for this are discussed, namely, that it should be reproducible and valid, readily understood and capable of being used by dentists with minimal instruction and training. The profession has now entered the era of personalised medicine where risk factors need to be identified and patients educated about these, thus empowering them to work with their care provider and at home to take responsibility for their own dental health. As a result, a variety of oral health assessments, which include assessments of risk factors, have now become available: examples of these are described, with suggestions regarding the implementation of such into a clinician's practice being given. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ability to measure oral health is central to successful clinical practice.
Person Ability Scores as an Alternative to Norm-Referenced Scores as Outcome Measures in Studies of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Farmer Cristan A. , Kaat Aaron J. , Thurm Audrey , Anselm Irina , Akshoomoff Natacha , Bennett Amanda , Berry Leandra , Bruchey Aleksandra , Barshop Bruce A. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Bianconi Simona , Cecil Kim M. , Davis Robert J. , Ficicioglu Can , Porter Forbes D. , Wainer Allison , Goin-Kochel Robin P. , Leonczyk Caroline , Guthrie Whitney , Koeberl Dwight , Love-Nichols Jamie , Mamak Eva , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet , Thomas Rebecca P. , Spiridigliozzi Gail A. , Sullivan Nancy , Sutton Vernon R. , Udhnani Manisha D. , Waisbren Susan E. , Miller Judith S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough norm-referenced scores are essential to the identification of disability, they possess several features which affect their sensitivity to change. Norm-referenced scores often decrease over time among people with neurodevelopmental disorders who exhibit slower-than-average increases in ability. Further, the reliability of norm-referenced scores is lower at the tails of the distribution, resulting in floor effects and increased measurement error for people with neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast, the person ability scores generated during the process of constructing a standardized test with item response theory are designed to assess change. We illustrate these limitations of norm-referenced scores, and relative advantages of ability scores, using data from studies of autism spectrum disorder and creatine transporter deficiency.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Motor-Behavioral Assessment Scale for Use as an Outcome Measure in Rett Syndrome Clinical Trials
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Bann Carla M. , Gwaltney Angela , Benke Timothy A. , Fu Cary , Glaze Daniel G. , Haas Richard , Heydemann Peter , Jones Mary , Kaufmann Walter E. , Lieberman David , Marsh Eric , Peters Sarika , Ryther Robin , Standridge Shannon , Skinner Steven A. , Percy Alan K. , Neul Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects females. Recent work indicates the potential for disease modifying therapies. However, there remains a need to develop outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Using data from a natural history study (n = 1,075), we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and validity of the clinician-reported Motor Behavior Assessment scale (MBA). The analysis resulted in a five-factor model: (1) motor dysfunction, (2) functional skills, (3) social skills, (4) aberrant behavior, and (5) respiratory behaviors. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses demonstrated that all items had acceptable discrimination. The revised MBA subscales showed a positive relationship with parent reported items, age, and a commonly used measure of clinical severity in RTT, and mutation type. Further work is needed to evaluate this measure longitudinally and to add items related to the RTT phenotype.
COPB2 gene silencing inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yan , Xie Guangmei , Li Min , Du Juan , Wang Min 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant human tumors. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In recent years, tumor gene therapy has emerged as a promising new approach for colorectal cancer therapy. Herein, we identify and analyze the role of COPB2 (coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 2) in proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells.

Methods
To investigate the role of COPB2 in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells, a shCOPB2 vector and a shCtrl vector were constructed for transfection into RKO and HCT116 cells. Cells proliferation was subsequently measured via cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Celigo cell counting assay. Apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry. The activity level of Caspase 3/7 was measured. Finally, the level of several JNK/c-Jun apoptosis pathway-related proteins were measured to characterize the mechanism of apoptosis.

Results
Our results showed that the proliferation rate was decreased and the apoptosis rate was increased in shCOPB2-treated RKO and HCT116 cells compared to those in controls. After the silencing of COPB2, JNK/c-Jun signal pathway activation was increased, the expression levels of apoptosis pathway-related proteins, such as Bad, p53 and Caspase 3, were also increased.

Conclusion
COPB2 gene silencing can inhibit RKO and HCT116 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis via the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.
Statin adherence is lower in primary than secondary prevention: A national follow-up study of new users
Authors: Sigglekow Finn , Horsburgh Simon , Parkin Lianne 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMaintaining adherence to statins reduces the risk of an initial cardiovascular disease (CVD) event in high-risk individuals (primary prevention) and additional CVD events following the first event (secondary prevention). The effectiveness of statin therapy is limited by the level of adherence maintained by the patient. We undertook a nationwide study to compare adherence and discontinuation in primary and secondary prevention patients.MethodsDispensing data from New Zealand community pharmacies were used to identify patients who received their first statin dispensing between 2006 and 2011. The Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and proportion who discontinued statin medication was calculated for the year following first statin dispensing for patients with a minimum of two dispensings. Adherence was defined as an MPR ≥ 0.8. Previous CVD was identified using hospital discharge records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for demographic and statin characteristics.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2011 289,666 new statin users were identified with 238,855 (82.5%) receiving the statin for primary prevention compared to 50,811 (17.5%) who received it for secondary prevention. The secondary prevention group was 1.55 (95% CI 1.51–1.59) times as likely to be adherent and 0.67 (95% CI 0.65–0.69) times as likely to discontinue statin treatment than the primary prevention group. An early gap in statin coverage increased the odds of discontinuing statin treatment.ConclusionAdherence to statin medication is higher in secondary prevention than primary prevention. Within each group, a range of demographic and treatment factors further influences adherence.
Parental feeding practices and the relationship with parents in female adolescents and young adults with eating disorders: A case control study
Authors: Gruber Maria , König Daniel , Holzhäuser Julika , Castillo Deirdre Maria , Blüml Victor , Jahn Rebecca , Leser Carmen , Werneck-Rohrer Sonja , Werneck Harald 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Perceived parental influence on diet in early adolescence in the context of the parental relationship had previously not been studied in a clinical sample. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between eating disorders and characteristics of the relationship with parents and the parental feeding practices in early adolescence.

Methods
21 female adolescents and young adults with an eating disorder (ED)–bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa–and 22 females without eating disorder (healthy control; HC), aged between 16 and 26, were assessed via self-report questionnaires for problematic eating behaviour, relationship with parents, perceptions of parent’s feeding practices at the age of 10–13 years and personality. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of group comparisons, effect sizes, regression analyses and mediator analyses.

Results
Adolescent and young adult females with ED reported more fears/overprotection and rejection/neglect by their mothers and less self-responsibility in terms of eating behaviour during adolescence than did the HC. The relationship with the fathers did not differ significantly. Females who perceived more cohesion, rejection/neglect and fears/overprotection by the mother were more likely to suffer from an ED. Rejection/neglect by both parents were associated with less self-acceptance of the young females with even stronger effect sizes for the fathers than the mothers. Harm prevention in the young females was a partial mediator between fears/overprotection and the drive for thinness.

Conclusions
The parental relationship is partly reflected in the self-acceptance and self-responsibility in eating of the adolescent and young females, both of them are particularly affected in EDs. Stressors in the parent-child relationship should be targeted in treatment of eating disorders. Nutritional counselling for parents might be useful in early adolescence.
Community’s perceived high risk of coronavirus infections during early phase of epidemics are significantly influenced by socio-demographic background, in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional -study
Authors: Kabito Gebisa Guyasa , Alemayehu Mekuriaw , Mekonnen Tesfaye Hambisa , Daba Wami Sintayehu , Azanaw Jember , Adane Tsegaye , Azene Zelalem Nigussie , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Geberu Demiss Mulatu , Kassa Getahun Molla , Yenit Melaku Kindie , Tilahun Sewbesew Yitayih , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Mekonnen Habtamu Sewunet , Azagew Abere Woretaw , Wubneh Chalachew Adugna , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Assimamaw Nega Tezera , Agegnehu Chilot Desta , Azale Telake , Tamiru Animut Tagele , Rade Bayew Kelkay , Taye Eden Bishaw , Taddese Asefa Adimasu , Andualem Zewudu , Dagne Henok , Gashaye Kiros Terefe 
Published: November 2020

Background
Epidemiological studies during the early phase of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemics reported different level of people’s risk perception in different countries. There is a paucity of data on perceived high risk of COVID-19 and associated factors in Ethiopia. We sought to assess the prevalence of community’s perceived high risk about COVID-19 infections and associated factors among Gondar town community.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 20 to 27, 2020 in Gondar town community, Northwest Ethiopia. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit 635 participants. Structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to summarize the results.

Results
A total of 623 participants were considered in the analysis with a response rate of 98.1%. The prevalence of coronavirus high risk perceptions of the respondents was found to be 23.11% (95% CI; 19.80%–26.43%). Age above 45 years (AOR = 1.41, 95%CI; 1.19–2.66), college and above educational level (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI; 0.21–0.98), and poor knowledge towards COVID-19 virus (AOR = 1.57, 95%CI; 1.09–2.23) were significantly associated with perceived high risk about COVID-19.

Conclusions
The prevalence of perceived high risk of COVID-19 was found to be low. Factors such as age, educational status, and knowledge about COVID-19 virus were found to be independent predictors of perceived high risk towards COVID-19. Government and non-government organizations should use formal and informal means of educating the community.
The Requisite Knowledge for Construction Professionals in the Middle East Regarding Foreign Exchange Currency Fluctuation Risk
Authors: Almsaeed Haitham 
Published: November 2020

Construction is commonly known as a high-risk business; the risks and uncertainties associated with construction activities are usually higher and more dynamic than any other industry. One of the risks imposed on the firms working abroad is related to the impact of currency fluctuation on operating performance. In the Middle East, the data collected on the ground indicate that many construction professionals, including estimators and cost controllers, either lack the necessary related knowledge or they tend to pay insufficient attention to this critical risk in their projects.
Because of the unstable global economy, a decreasing pipeline of new opportunities due to the deterioration of oil prices, and the more laborious and lengthy payment terms enforced in contracts across the Middle East, exchange rate movements play an increasing role in the contractors performance. Those who work in this region have begun to realise the challenges associated with managing the foreign currency exchange (FOREX) fluctuation risk.
This article provides an overview of the currency fluctuation risk within the context of the construction industry, identifies the associated challenges and attempts to offer a framework for the regional companies that could mitigate the FOREX risk.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF WOMEN WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF INFERTILITY
Authors: Vasilieva Valentina Valerievna , Botasheva Tatiyana Leonidovna , Zheleznyakova Elena Vasilievna , Zavodnov Oleg Pavlovich 
Published: November 2020

Background. The current demographic situation in Russia causes an increase in interest in different studies of the reproductive potential of married couples, including various forms of female infertility. Aim. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of psychoemotional and personal characteristics of women with identified and unidentified infertility factors. Materials and methods. Two groups were formed for a comprehensive psychological examination: the first group included 52 patients with verified causes of infertility, the second group comprised of 46 women with an unexplained cause of infertility (idiopathic infertility). For mathematical processing of results, in order to identify statistical differences between parameters in groups, the Mann–Whitney U-test implemented in the SPSS 26.0.0.1 program was applied. Results. The analysis showed significant differences between women of the studied groups in a number of scales of the meaning of life orientation test, the Freiburg personality questionnaire, questionnaires of socio-psychological attitudes, reflexivity, level of aggression, methods of the lifestyle index, neuropsychic stress, “personal differential”, the test of the level of depression and stress resistance. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be noted that patients with established causes of infertility use opportunities to adapt to the new realities of life, including professional achievements, social and intellectual activity, to resolve this situation and reduce neuropsychic stress. Women with idiopathic infertility are characterized by more pronounced neuropsychic stress, neurotic reactions, infantile qualities, regressive behaviors, immature types of psychological defense, decreased activity, and changes in motivational attitudes. Conclusion. The choice of tactics for individualized psychological correction based on psychological examination of patients in an interdisciplinary approach will contribute to improving the effectiveness of infertility treatment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STAFF SELECTION BY A MODERN MANAGER
Authors: Koldybaev Safar Abdugalievich , Kinzhibaeva Aigul Serikpaevna 
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to staff selection depending on the conditions of a modern organization and the nature of its functioning. Currently, staff selection at the request of a particular leader has become very common. The same tendency is observed in all countries and at all levels of the organization. There is no doubt that HR decisions are based not only on business interests but also psychological characteristics. Particular attention is paid to such concepts as team, leader, personality, as well as to psychological characteristics that emphasize the exceptional role of a leader in staff selection. It was found that the psychological component occupies a very important place in the team concept. Moreover, it plays a dominant role, both in terms of staff selection and team functioning. A team, as a modern form of social organization, embodies various psychological potential for its further expression. In some cases, positive psychological atmosphere can be an effective positive mechanism for society functioning. In other cases, psychological mood may already be different and aimed at selfish interests of the members of this organization, which do not coincide with the interests of other people.
SOCIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAM INTERACTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF A FIELD-DEPENDENT COGNITIVE STYLE
Authors: Shoshina Irina Ivanovna , Chauzova Elena Evgenievna 
Published: November 2020

Background: The effectiveness of team interaction is often assessed through sociometric indicators, namely sociometric status and emotional reciprocity. At the same time, interpersonal interaction is a cognitive process, since it includes such mental processes as perception, categorization, thinking, speech, etc., which serve for information processing. These individual differences in the way information is processed underlie the concept of cognitive styles. Therefore, cognitive styles can hypothetically be considered as characteristics of interpersonal interaction and a predictor of its effectiveness. Aim: The paper aims to determine the sociometric characteristics of the effectiveness of team interaction of persons with different degree of the field-dependent cognitive style. Materials and methods. To assess field-dependence/field-independence, the Gottschaldt Embedded Figures method was used. The effectiveness of team interaction was assessed using the Moreno small group study method. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney test using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results. It was found that persons with a mobile field-dependent cognitive style had a significantly higher hierarchical position and a stable position in the system of nterpersonal relations compared with persons with a polar field-dependent cognitive style. Evidence was obtained on the splitting of field dependence into polar field-dependent and mobile field-dependent styles. Conclusion. Field-dependence/field-independence can be considered as one of the basic inner qualities of a person's intellectual activity, which influences his/her behavior and interpersonal communication.
DIETARY PATTERNS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY PARAMETERS AMONG HEALTHY WOMEN
Authors: Syauqy Ahmad , Noer Etika Ratna , Fajrani Alifia Mukti , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu’ah , Purwanti Rachma , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Rahma Devi Elvina 
Published: November 2020

Background: Obesity is a growing major health problem in some developing countries including Indonesia. Study examined the association between dietary patterns and obesity parameters using both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among healthy women in Indonesia was still rare. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between dietary patterns and obesity parameters using BMI and WC among healthy women.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling. Healthy women aged 20 and above were selected in this study. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). For categorical data, chi-squared test was done to compare the differences in the characteristics of the subjects among tertiles of dietary patterns. For continuous variables, a general linear model test was used for comparison. To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and obesity parameters (BMI and WC), we used multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for multiple confounding variables (age, current smoking, current drinking, and physical activity). Results: Dietary pattern 1 consisted of 12 food items: snack cooked with oil, fish and seafood, processed food, organ meats, meat, poultry, rice- or flour-based products, staples cooked with oil, sugary drinks, refined dessert, and tea and coffee. Dietary pattern 2 consisted of 5 food items: eggs, light-colored vegetables, dark-colored vegetables, fruits, and soybeans. Dietary pattern 3 consisted of 7 food items: milk products, legumes, processed fruits, wholegrain, snacks cooked without oil, root crops, and jam/honey. Dietary pattern 1 was positively associated with obesity parameters including BMI and WC (P < 0.05); whereas, dietary pattern 2 and dietary pattern 3 were inversely correlated (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our study find that dietary patterns were associated with BMI and WC among healthy women.
PENGETAHUAN PEDOMAN GIZI SEIMBANG DAN PERILAKU PILIHAN PANGAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI OVERWEIGHT: STUDI KUALITATIF
Authors: Silalahi Vivi Cinthya Rotua , Sufyan Dian Luthfiana , Wahyuningsih Utami , Puspareni Luh Desi 
Published: November 2020

Latar Belakang: Pedoman gizi seimbang merupakan pengetahuan gizi yang harus dipahami oleh remaja putri, namun konsep pedoman gizi seimbang masih belum sefamiliar 4 sehat 5 sempurna. Perilaku pilihan pangan tidak sesuai anjuran pedoman gizi seimbang meningkatkan risiko overweight. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan pedoman gizi seimbang dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku pilihan pangan pada remaja putri overweight. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan triangulasi sumber. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 16 orang. Subjek penelitian ialah remaja dengan status gizi overweight dan normal (sebagai pembanding). Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh subjek penelitian lebih mengenal 4 sehat 5 sempurna daripada Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Pedoman gizi seimbang bukan menjadi alasan utama pilihan pangan subjek. Kebiasaan selalu sarapan sudah cukup baik diantara subjek, namun masih tingginya konsumsi pangan tidak sehat seperti makanan/minuman manis, gurih/asin, gorengan, serta komposisi makanan tidak seimbang diantara subjek penelitian. Simpulan: Perilaku pilihan pangan remaja putri overweight belum sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang disebabkan minimnya keterpaparan informasi PGS serta lebih kuatnya pengaruh faktor eksternal (lingkungan rumah, sekolah, keluarga, dan media digital) maupun faktor internal (organoleptik pangan dan uang saku) dalam pembuatan keputusan pilihan pangan subjek.