bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing limits of Z‐nucleic acid binding protein (ZBP1/DAI/DLM1) function
Authors: Koehler Heather S. , Feng Yanjun , Mandal Pratyusha , Mocarski Edward S. 
Published: February 2020

Z‐nucleic acid binding protein (ZBP)1 (also known as DAI and DLM1) is a pathogen sensor activated by double‐strand character RNA to recruit receptor‐interacting protein (RIP) kinase via a RIP homotypic interaction motif. The activation of receptor‐interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 and initiation of virus‐induced necroptosis were initially reported in a landmark publication Upton et al. (Cell Host Microbe 11: 290, 2012) employing the DNA virus murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). M45‐encoded viral inhibitor of RIP activation prevents virus‐induced necroptosis. Additional virus‐encoded suppressors of necroptosis were then identified, including herpes simplex virus ICP6 and vaccinia virus E3L. Caspase‐8 suppressors encoded by these DNA viruses block apoptosis, unleashing necroptosis mediated through Z‐nucleic acid binding protein 1 (ZBP1) recruitment of RIPK3. These studies all utilized ZBP1‐deficient mice generated by the Akira Lab (Zbp1−/− AK) to bring the significance of virus‐induced necroptosis to light. C57BL/6 mice were chosen as controls based on the assumption that mutant mice were congenic; however, these mice were recently found to display an unexpected innate immune deficit, lacking C57BL/6‐specific NK1.1 and Ly49H natural killer cell subpopulations important in the early control of MCMV infection. Short nucleotide polymorphism analysis of Zbp1−/− AK breeders revealed a mixed genetic background (~ 71% C57BL/6 DNA and ~ 29% 129). Even though this level of 129 strain background does not alter ZBP1 cell‐autonomous function as a sensor and mediator of necroptosis, it confounds innate immune response characteristics. In the future, genetic background must be carefully controlled before implicating ZBP1 function in response characteristics that shape immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and pathogenesis.
Embracing a new paradigm for temperature sensitivity of soil microbes
Authors: Alster Charlotte J. , von Fischer Joseph C. , Allison Steven D. , Treseder Kathleen K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity of soil processes is of major interest, especially in light of climate change. Originally formulated to explain the temperature dependence of chemical reactions, the Arrhenius equation, and related Q10 temperature coefficient, has a long history of application to soil biological processes. However, empirical data indicate that Q10 and Arrhenius model are often poor metrics of temperature sensitivity in soils. In this opinion piece, we aim to (a) review alternative approaches for characterizing temperature sensitivity, focusing on macromolecular rate theory (MMRT); (b) provide strategies and tools for implementing a new temperature sensitivity framework; (c) develop thermal adaptation hypotheses for the MMRT framework; and (d) explore new questions and opportunities stemming from this paradigm shift. Microbial ecologists should consider developing and adopting MMRT as the basis for predicting biological rates as a function of temperature. Improved understanding of temperature sensitivity in soils is particularly pertinent as microbial response to temperature has a large impact on global climate feedbacks.
Internalizing Symptoms in Pediatric Migraine: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Falla Katherine , Ronksley Paul , Noel Melanie , Orr Serena L. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe primary objective of the proposed systematic review is to determine if there is an association between internalizing disorders and symptoms (ie, subclinical symptoms) and migraine in children and adolescents.MethodsWe will perform a peer‐reviewed Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception to December 2019. The authors will also review all reference lists of included studies for relevant citations. Observational studies on the association of pediatric migraine with internalizing disorders and symptoms will be included in this review. Case‐control, cohort, and cross‐sectional studies that include participants aged 18 years and under will be eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome for this systematic review will be migraine and the exposures of interest will include internalizing disorders (eg, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder) and internalizing symptoms (depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, obsessive compulsive symptoms, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms). Two investigators will independently carry out an initial screen of abstracts, followed by a second screen of full‐text manuscripts. Data extraction will be completed by 2 independent investigators. Study quality will be assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa criteria for case‐control and cohort studies and using a modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa criteria for cross‐sectional studies. A narrative synthesis of the data will be provided and, if possible, data will be quantitatively summarized using appropriate meta‐analytic methods. Throughout the manuscript, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis reporting standards will be followed.ResultsThe goal of this systematic review will be to provide a narrative, and if possible, quantitative summary on the association between pediatric migraine and internalizing disorders and symptoms.ConclusionsThe methods applied in this systematic review protocol can be used to inform the design of future systematic reviews of observational studies in headache medicine. The results of this systematic review will be used to inform the clinical community on the association between pediatric migraine and internalizing disorders and symptoms and may also be used to inform the design of future research studies in this area.
Electrical and mechanical properties of BZT − xBCT lead‐free piezoceramics
Authors: Hayati Raziye , Fayazi Mohammad , Diargar Hadi , Kaveh Mohammad , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, lead‐free (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 − x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 compositions are synthesized via conventional solid oxide route, and the ceramics are fabricated with normal sintering in air. The effects of composition fluctuations on dielectric, piezoelectric, and mechanical properties are investigated. The phase structure and the microstructure are analyzed with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The best dielectric and piezoelectric properties of εr = 11 207 and d33 = 330 pC/N were obtained for BZT−0.35BCT and BZT−0.5BCT ceramics, respectively. The mechanical behavior—in terms of Vickers hardness and compressive and flexural strengths—was investigated, and the best mechanical behavior was found in the vicinity of the phase transition boundary with x values between 0.5 and 0.6.
Contemporary climate change hinders hybrid performance of ecologically dominant marine invertebrates
Authors: Hudson Jamie , McQuaid Christopher D. , Rius Marc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman activities alter patterns of biodiversity, particularly through species extinctions and range shifts. Two of these activities are human mediated transfer of species and contemporary climate change, and both allow previously isolated genotypes to come into contact and hybridize, potentially altering speciation rates. Hybrids have been shown to survive environmental conditions not tolerated by either parent, suggesting that, under some circumstances, hybrids may be able to expand their ranges and perform well under rapidly changing conditions. However, studies assessing how hybridization influences contemporary range shifts are scarce. We performed crosses on Pyura herdmani and Pyura stolonifera (Chordata, Tunicata), two closely related marine invertebrate species that are ecologically dominant and can hybridize. These sister species live in sympatry along the coasts of southern Africa, but one has a disjunct distribution that includes northern hemisphere sites. We experimentally assessed the performance of hybrid and parental crosses using different temperature regimes, including temperatures predicted under future climate change scenarios. We found that hybrids showed lower performance than parental crosses at the experimental temperatures, suggesting that hybrids are unlikely to expand their ranges to new environments. In turn, we found that the more widespread species performed better at a wide array of temperatures, indicating that this parental species may cope better with future conditions. This study illustrates how offspring fitness may provide key insights to predict range expansions and how contemporary climate change may mediate both the ability of hybrids to expand their ranges and the occurrence of speciation as a result of hybridization.
Group B Streptococcal Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: An Evidence‐Based, Patient‐Centered Approach to Care
Authors: Schafer Robyn , Phillippi Julia C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScreening and management of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria in pregnancy aims to reduce the incidence of pyelonephritis and GBS‐related neonatal morbidity and mortality. Universal screening and management of GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy are standards of care in the United States; however, some women may decline guideline‐based recommendations for screening, treatment, or intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. This article uses a case study approach to discuss evidence‐based, patient‐centered care for GBS bacteriuria in pregnancy as well as ethical incorporation of individual patient preferences and values.
Chronic hepatitis C treatment in HIV co‐infection in Portugal: Results from a cohort OF 2133 patients presented by GEPCOI (Portuguese Coinfection Study Group)
Authors: Miranda Ana Cláudia , Mendez Josefina , Serrão Rosário , Vale Francisco , Manata Maria José , Pinto Sara , Gomes André , Valente Cristina , Pacheco Patrícia , Pazos Rosário , Pereira Rui , Martins Ana , Germano Isabel , Rocha Sónia , Reis Ana Paula , Sarmento‐Castro Rui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect‐acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have recently changed the paradigm of hepatitis C therapy, significantly improving treatment response rates, patient life expectancy and quality of life. In Portugal, sofosbuvir (SOF) and SOF/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) were fully reimbursed by the National Health System since early 2015 and generalized use of interferon‐free DAA based regimens became current practice. During 2016, the remaining DAAs were sequentially added and covered by the same health access policy. The Portuguese Study Group of Hepatitis and HIV Co‐infection (GEPCOI) collected data from 15 clinical centres in Portugal, pertaining to the HCV treatment experience with DAA regimens. A cohort of 2133 patients was analysed, representing one of the largest DAA treated HCV/HIV co‐infected individuals. The global sustained virologic response (SVR) achieved was 95% in this real‐life cohort setting. Linear regression analysis showed significant differences in treatment response rates when using SOF plus ribavirin (RBV) combination in genotype 2 or 3 infected individuals (P < .002) and in those with liver cirrhosis (P < .002). These findings corroborate that early treatment is mandatory in HIV/HCV co‐infected patients, as response rates may be negatively influenced by higher fibrosis stages and suboptimal DAA regimens. The current national Portuguese health policy should continue to promote wider treatment access and individualized therapy strategies, aiming at the elimination of HCV infection in this high‐risk co‐infected population.
Eltrombopag treatment of a dog with idiopathic aplastic pancytopenia
Authors: Kelly Darren , Lamb Valerie , Juvet Florence 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdiopathic aplastic pancytopenia is an uncommon disease in dogs which results in pancytopenia and for which an immune‐mediated etiology is suspected. A small number of affected dogs reported in the veterinary literature have responded to immunosuppressive medication but the prognosis generally is considered poor with a reported mortality rate of 80%. Reported response rates to immunosuppression alone in affected people are low with overall and complete responses of 65 and 10%, respectively. With the addition of eltrombopag, an orally available thrombopoietin receptor agonist, reported overall and complete response rates in people increase to 94 and 58%, respectively. Herein, we report the use of eltrombopag in a dog with idiopathic aplastic pancytopenia. Eltrombopag was started after no response was seen to treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine. Complete remission was achieved after the addition of eltrombopag and was sustained after stopping the medication.
Species‐specific secretion of ESX‐5 type VII substrates is determined by the linker 2 of EccC5
Authors: Bunduc Catalin M. , Ummels Roy , Bitter Wilbert , Houben Edith N. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMycobacteria use type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) to translocate a wide range of proteins across their diderm cell envelope. These systems, also called ESX systems, are crucial for the viability and/or virulence of mycobacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum. We have previously shown that the M. tuberculosis ESX‐5 system is unable to fully complement secretion in an M. marinum esx‐5 mutant, suggesting species specificity in secretion. In this study, we elaborated on this observation and established that the membrane ATPase EccC5, possessing four (putative) nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs), is responsible for this. By creating M. marinum‐M. tuberculosis EccC5 chimeras, we observed both in M. marinum and in M. tuberculosis that secretion specificity of PE_PGRS proteins depends on the presence of the cognate linker 2 domain of EccC5. This region connects NBD1 and NBD2 of EccC5 and is responsible for keeping NBD1 in an inhibited state. Notably, the ESX‐5 substrate EsxN, predicted to bind to NBD3 on EccC5, showed a distinct secretion profile. These results indicate that linker 2 is involved in species‐specific substrate recognition and might therefore be an additional substrate recognition site of EccC5.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus FcrX, a Fur‐controlled regulator that inhibits repression by Fur
Authors: Morabe Maria L. , McCarter Linda L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIron is an essential nutrient for most organisms, but its limited availability and inherent toxicity necessitate the strict regulation of iron homeostasis. In bacteria, iron starvation affects a broad range of phenotypes including virulence, motility and biofilm formation. For Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium and pathogen, iron limitation is a signal modulating swarmer cell differentiation. In this work, we show the iron regulation of swarming works through the ferric uptake regulator protein Fur. We identified a new Fur‐controlled regulator that is upregulated upon iron starvation. FcrX is a 144‐amino acid protein containing a domain of unknown function (DUF2753) with three tetratricopeptide repeats. We found that overexpressing fcrX+ was sufficient to induce swarming, luminescence and iron uptake gene expression in multiple Vibrio species; furthermore, ectopic expression increased the transcription of a Fur‐controlled gene in Escherichia coli. FcrX production increased intracellular iron. Thus, the overexpression of fcrX+ phenocopied a fur mutant and may prove a generally useful tool to ectopically derepress the Fur regulon. Both V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli Fur interacted with FcrX, and this interaction was altered by iron availability. These data support a model in which this new regulator of iron homeostasis limits the repressive action of Fur.
Repertoire of peripheral T cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shan Zhongyan , Liu Sixuan , Yang Liu , Liu Ziyi , Hu Yanjia , Yao Zhigang , Tang Zhangui , Fang Liangjuan , Quan Hongzhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of adaptive immune responses to neoplasms involves not only the tumour tissue, but also the peripheral blood. We aimed to conduct a preliminary exploration to understand the immune response of T lymphocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC‐Ts) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsA total of 103 blood samples from OSCC patients and 18 blood samples from healthy donors (HD) were analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared to those in HD, a series of unique features of PBMC‐Ts were observed in OSCC patients including a significant increase in CD4+ T cells, a shift from naïve to memory/effector phenotype, an increased frequency of exhausted phenotypes (programmed death‐1 [PD‐1], T cell Ig and mucin protein‐3 [Tim‐3] and Tregs), an abundance of Th17s and Tc17s and an imbalance in Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg ratios. Furthermore, in OSCC patients, we also found that CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in patients with larger tumours than smaller tumours, memory/effector phenotype and exhausted phenotypes were significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, and the Th17/Treg ratio was associated with early clinical stage and no lymph node metastasis.ConclusionPBMC‐Ts may be involved in the development and progression of OSCC, which suggested to be a manifestation of an immune response between host and tumour neoantigens.
Patellofemoral alignment and geometry and early signs of osteoarthritis are associated in patellofemoral pain population
Authors: Eijkenboom Joost F. A. , van der Heijden Rianne A. , de Kanter Janneke L. M. , Oei Edwin H. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) patients show increased prevalence of patellar malalignment. Structural and alignment abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) may play a role in development of PFP and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA).ObjectivesEvaluating associations of patellofemoral alignment and femoral geometry with bony and cartilaginous abnormalities in PFP patients and healthy control subjects.MethodsData from a case‐control study were used (64 PFP subjects, 70 control subjects, 57% female, age 23.2 (6.4)). Alignment and femoral geometry measures in the PFJ were determined using MRI. Structural abnormalities in the PFJ associated with OA (bone marrow lesions, osteophytes, minor cartilage defects and Hoffa‐synovitis), quantified cartilage composition (T1ρ relaxation times) in the PFJ and perfusion within the patellar bone were examined using different MRI techniques. Associations were analyzed using regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsLateral patellar tilt was negatively associated with presence of osteophytes on both patella (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98), anterior femur (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99) and minor cartilage defects on patella (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99). Patella alta was positively associated with the presence of bone marrow lesions in the patella and minor cartilage defects (OR 48.33; 95% CI 4.27 to 547.30 and OR 17.51; 95% CI 1.17 to 262.57, respectively). Patella alta and medial patellar translation were positively associated with T1ρ relaxation times within trochlear cartilage (β 5.2; 95% CI 0.77 to 9.58, and 0.36; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.64, respectively). None of the alignment and geometry measures were associated with bone perfusion.ConclusionOur study implies that associations between patellofemoral alignment and geometry and structural joint abnormalities linked to OA are already present in both PFP patients and healthy control subjects.
Identification of risk factors for recurrent secondary septic peritonitis following initial surgical treatment of secondary septic peritonitis in dogs
Authors: Fink Owen , Buysse Allison , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Bentley Adrienne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo report the incidence of and risk factors for development of recurrent secondary septic peritonitis (RSSP) in dogs. To report the outcome of dogs treated surgically for RSSP.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred forty‐nine client‐owned dogs treated surgically for secondary septic peritonitis (SSP).InterventionsNone.Measurements and ResultsThe medical records database was searched for dogs that underwent surgery to treat SSP. Of 149 dogs that met the inclusion criteria, 15 (10.1%) dogs developed RSSP following surgery and 134 (89.9%) did not. Dogs with RSSP had significantly lower albumin prior to the first surgery to treat secondary septic peritonitis (SPsx1) (median 18 g/L [1.8 g/dL] vs 22 g/L [2.2 g/dL],P = 0.005) and significantly higher PCV prior to SPsx1 (median 52% vs 45%,P = 0.028). Dogs with septic peritonitis of gastrointestinal (GI) origin were significantly more likely to develop recurrent peritonitis than those with sepsis from a non‐GI source (odds ratio [OR], 4.4, 95% CI: 0.95–20,P = 0.041). Of dogs with sepsis of GI origin, those with sepsis due to a foreign body were significantly more likely to develop RSSP than those with GI sepsis from a non‐foreign body cause (OR, 7.2, 95% CI: 1.6–43,P = 0.0018). Of the 15 dogs in the RSSP group, 8 were euthanized without further treatment. Relaparotomy was performed in the remaining 7 cases; 3 of these (42.9%) survived.ConclusionsThere was a 10.1% rate of RSSP following SPsx1. Preoperative albumin was significantly lower and preoperative PCV was significantly higher in dogs that developed recurrence. Dogs with GI sepsis were at increased risk of recurrence and, among dogs with GI sepsis, the presence of a foreign body was an additional risk factor for recurrence.
Gestión del conocimiento en el marco de la innovación en la Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas de la Universidad de Manizales: Auditoria de conocimiento
Authors: González Carreño Camilo , Montoya Escobar Mónica Cecilia 
Published: February 2020

El aporte a la optimización de la gestión del conocimiento en el Programa de Derecho de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Universidad de Manizales, emerge como interés primordial en este estudio y puede evidenciarse a través de la formulación de un plan de acción diseñado por los autores, luego de determinar el estado de la gestión del conocimiento de dicho programa mediante la implementación de una metodología de auditoría del conocimiento basada en el enfoque de los procesos clave de la organización. Se desarrolla bajo un enfoque empírico-analítico, cuyo nivel de análisis se identificó en dos momentos: descriptivo y propositivo, este último consistió en el plan de acción como aporte a la planeación estratégica. El plan de acción está compuesto de acciones de mejora ubicadas estratégicamente de acuerdo a los procesos de la gestión del conocimiento: adquisición, difusión y aplicación, pero también enmarcadas en la innovación educativa. El surgimiento de las acciones de mejora se dio a partir de las brechas de conocimiento existentes y detectadas. Su análisis con ánimo propositivo, permitió con este estudio, contribuir a la planificación estratégica del programa con miras a sostener los estándares de calidad misional con los que se identifica.
Design and Characterization of a Passive Instrumented Hand
Authors: Yousaf Saad N. , Joshi Victoria S. , Britt John E. , Rose Chad G. , O’Malley Marcia K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough soft robotic assistive gloves have high potential for restoring functional independence for individuals with motor impairment, their lack of rigid components makes it difficult to obtain accurate position sensing to validate their performance. To track soft device motion, standard practice relies on costly optical motion capture techniques, which have reduced accuracy due to limitations in marker occlusion and device deformation. We propose the Instrumented Hand as a low-cost, open-source measurement tool to serve as a standard solution for acquiring joint-level position and torque measurements from magnetoresistive sensors. Shown in a case study, the Instrumented Hand can be used to validate soft wearable devices and evaluate range of motion (ROM) and torque capabilities.