bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resective surgery for the treatment of furcation involvement: A systematic review
Authors: Dommisch Henrik , Walter Clemens , Dannewitz Bettina , Eickholz Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the benefit of resective surgical periodontal therapy (root amputation or resection, root separation, tunnelling) in periodontitis patients exhibiting class II and III furcation involvement (FI) compared with non‐surgical treatment (SRP) or open flap debridement (OFD).MaterialOutcomes were tooth survival (primary), vertical probing attachment gain, and reduction in probing pocket depth (secondary) evidenced by randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series with ≥ 12 months of follow‐up. Search was performed on 3 electronic databases from January 1998 to December 2018.ResultsFrom a total of 683 articles, 66 studies were identified for full‐text analysis and 7 studies finally included. Six hundred sixty‐seven patients contributed 2,021 teeth with class II or III FI. Data were very heterogeneous regarding follow‐up and distribution of FI. A total of 1,515 teeth survived 4 to 30.8 years after therapy. Survival ranged from 38%–94.4% (root amputation or resection, root separation), 62%–67% (tunnelling), 63%–85% (OFD) and 68%–80% (SRP). Overall, treatment provided better results for class II FI than class III.ConclusionWithin their limits, the data indicate that in class II and III FI, SRP and OFD may result in similar survival rates as root amputation/resection, root separation or tunnelling.
The efficacy of pocket elimination/reduction compared to access flap surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polak David , Wilensky Asaf , Antonoglou Georgios N. , Shapira Lior , Goldstein Moshe , Martin Conchita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and adverse effects of resective surgery compared to access flap in patients with periodontitis.MethodsRandomized controlled trials with a follow‐up ≥6 months were identified in ten databases. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers. The primary outcome was probing pocket depth, and the main secondary outcome was clinical attachment level. Data on adverse events were collected. Meta‐analysis was used to synthesize the findings of trials.ResultsA total of 880 publications were identified. Fourteen publications from nine clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Meta‐analysis was carried out using all available results. The results indicated superior pocket depth reduction following resective surgery compared to access flap after 6–12 months of follow‐up (weighted mean difference 0.47 mm; confidence interval 0.7–0.24; p = .010). After 36–60 months of follow‐up, no differences were found between the two treatments in pocket depth and attachment level. The prevalence of adverse effects was not different between the groups. Post‐operative recession tended to be more severe for the resective approaches.ConclusionResective surgical approach was superior to access flap in reducing pocket depth 6–12 months post‐surgery, while no differences between the two modalities were found at 36–60 months of follow‐up.
Association of prosthetic features and peri‐implantitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yi Yuseung , Koo Ki‐Tae , Schwarz Frank , Ben Amara Heithem , Heo Seong‐Joo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the influence of prosthetic features through a comprehensive analysis with other known risk factors.Materials and methodsA total of 169 patients (n = implants: 349) was retrospectively included in the present study. Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed based on peri‐implant bone loss and probing depth. Using radiographs taken 1 and 5 years following prosthesis insertion, the following features were determined: peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), emergence angle (EA), emergence profile (EP) and crown/implant ratio (CIR). The splinted position of prosthesis was also recorded. Multivariable generalized estimating equation was used to analyse the influence of each feature on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis. The final prediction model was constructed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsThe EA showed a significant correlation with MBL. A statistically greater prevalence of peri‐implantitis was observed if EA ≥ 30 degrees, when EP is convex and in middle implant splinted with both mesial and distal adjacent implants in bone‐level implant. A similar correlation was not observed in tissue‐level implants. CIR had no significant effect on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis.ConclusionOver‐contoured implant prosthesis is a critical local confounder for peri‐implantitis. The implant splinted to both mesial and distal adjacent implant has a higher risk of peri‐implantitis.
Analysing flash flood risk perception through a geostatistical approach in the village of Navaluenga, Central Spain
Authors: Guardiola‐Albert Carolina , Díez‐Herrero Andrés , Amerigo Cuervo‐Arango María , Bodoque Jose María , García Juan A. , Naranjo‐Fernández Nuria , Aroca‐Jiménez Estefanía 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlash floods are unexpected events, which evolve rapidly and affect relatively small areas. The short time available for minimising risks requires preparedness and active response. In this context of risk management, the flood risk perception of the local population is the first step towards achieving resilience of people and communities. Although flood risk perception has intrinsic spatial variability, few previous studies take this into account. This paper explores the spatial variability of flash flood risk perception in the village of Navaluenga in Central Spain, using nonparametric and multivariate geostatistical tools. How local people perceived the flash flood risk to their homes was assessed interviewing a representative sample. Results show that considering these flash flood risk related spatial variables enhances people's psychological interpretation of risk perception: the perception of flash flood risk in a short time event is congruent with those spatial variables. These findings determine priority areas for future risk communication plans. They could also be extrapolated to other urban areas with a similar hydrographic configuration, when there is a flood hazard from a main river and potentially flooded minor water courses, which are even closer to houses but are not considered dangerous by the local population.
Colonization of endophyte Acremonium sp. D212 in Panax notoginseng and rice mediated by auxin and jasmonic acid
Authors: Han Li , Zhou Xuan , Zhao Yiting , Zhu Shusheng , Wu Lixia , He Yunlu , Ping Xiangrui , Lu Xinqi , Huang Wuying , Qian Jie , Zhang Lina , Jiang Xi , Zhu Dan , Luo Chongyu , Li Saijie , Dong Qian , Fu Qijing , Deng Kaiyuan , Wang Xin , Wang Lei , Peng Sheng , Wu Jinsong , Li Weimin , Friml Jiří , Zhu Youyong , He Xiahong , Du Yunlong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndophytic fungi can be beneficial to plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying colonization of Acremonium spp. remain unclear. In this study, a novel endophytic Acremonium strain was isolated from the buds of Panax notoginseng and named Acremonium sp. D212. The Acremonium sp. D212 could colonize the roots of P. notoginseng, enhance the resistance of P. notoginseng to root rot disease, and promote root growth and saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng. Acremonium sp. D212 could secrete indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and inoculation with the fungus increased the endogenous levels of IAA and JA in P. notoginseng. Colonization of the Acremonium sp. D212 in the roots of the rice line Nipponbare was dependent on the concentration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (2–15 μmol/L) and 1‐naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) (10–20 μmol/L). Moreover, the roots of the JA signaling‐defective coi1‐18 mutant were colonized by Acremonium sp. D212 to a lesser degree than those of the wild‐type Nipponbare and miR393b‐overexpressing lines, and the colonization was rescued by MeJA but not by NAA. It suggests that the cross‐talk between JA signaling and the auxin biosynthetic pathway plays a crucial role in the colonization of Acremonium sp. D212 in host plants.
The “Mula Ring”: Material Networks of Circulation Through the Cuban World
Authors: Cearns Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

ResumenEste artículo está basado en quince meses de trabajo de campo etnográfico en Cuba, los EE. UU., México, Panamá y Guyana para describir una red transnacional emergente de circulación de materiales que llamo el “circuito mula.” Muestro cómo los cubanos movilizan vastas redes transnacionales para realizar sus sistemas de circulación de materiales en la actualidad. Estas redes equivalen a una economía en sí misma que está redefiniendo lo que significa ser cubano dentro y fuera de la isla. Muestro cómo esta economía informal se basa en esferas de circulación e intercambio de género preexistentes, así como en nuevas modalidades de poder, cuyos efectos se pueden sentir lejos de la propia isla. De hecho, esta red, que surge de una escasez material histórica desde el socialismo, está conduciendo a la reificación de nuevas estructuras de clase, que la Revolución se había propuesto inicialmente desmantelar.
Efficacy of Diabetes Education in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cruz‐Cobo Celia , Santi‐Cano M José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the effect of different diabetes education methods on metabolic control, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure.DesignA systematic review was carried out.Data SourcesPubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), CUIDEN, Ibecs, and Scopus databases were consulted. The search was done in May 2018. Studies included controlled clinical trials on diabetes education in primary care that were published in English and Spanish during the years 2011 to 2018.ResultsThe post‐intervention results were as follows: glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) ranged between ‐1.6% (individual education [IE]) and + 0.05% (mixed education [ME]). The values of BMI varied from ‐0.7% (group education [GE]) to ‐0.3% (GE). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) fluctuated. SBP varied from ‐8.5 mmHg (GE) to +2.9 mmHg (GE); DBP varied from ‐3.1 mmHg (GE) to ‐0.9 mmHg (GE). Total cholesterol ranged from ‐15.9/dL (GE) to +2 mg/dL (GE). LDL cholesterol ranged from ‐18.3 mg/dL (GE) to ‐7 mg/dL (ME). HDL cholesterol ranged from +0.8 mg/dL (IE) to +8.12 mg/dL (GE). Triglycerides varied from ‐21.1 mg/dL (GE) to +11.0 (GE).ConclusionsThe most profound decrease in HbA1c was achieved using individual education. However, to decrease BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, group education was the most effective intervention.Clinical RelevanceTo obtain good metabolic control, it is necessary to address both clinical and psychological aspects, including modifying nutritional and dietary habits, monitoring medication, increasing knowledge of diabetes, and combining theoretical content with physical exercise programs. Reinforcement strategies are very important to achieve the objectives of educational programs.
“There is anointing everywhere”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the role of religion in the recovery of Black African service users in England
Authors: Tuffour Isaac 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Religion plays important role in recovery from mental illness.

Religion can have both positive and negative effects on recovery.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

It is conceivable for Black African service users (BASUs) to engage with the mainstream mental health services at the onset of their symptoms.

BASUs see mental illness and recovery through the lens of religion. They mostly use Pentecostalism and traditional African healing systems to aid their recovery.

The mainstream mental health system and the traditional African healing system exist in harmony for BASUs who are open to simultaneously access both services.

What are the implications for practice?

There is a need to recognize that most Black Africans have unique ways of practising their Christianity. Thus, broad changes are needed in the services to support religious coping tailored to the individual persons in their recovery journey.

There is a need for service providers and healthcare professionals to integrate Pentecostalism and traditional African healing systems into the recovery processes. It should equally be recognized that such changes could trigger confusion, dilemmas and paradoxes.

Service providers and healthcare professionals must build partnership and collaborative working with cultural practitioners and the clergy from the Black African communities to facilitate recovery and address any misunderstandings.

AbstractIntroductionReligion is an important impetus for recovery. However, there has been little work examining the role of religion in recovery for Black African service users (BASUs) in England.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how religion influences recovery from mental illness for BASUs in England.MethodTwelve Black African service users were purposively selected and interviewed using face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsThe study generates fascinating insights that BASUs views about mental illness and recovery are influenced by Pentecostalism and traditional African healing systems.DiscussionThe participants' perceptions of their mental illness experiences and recovery which are characterized by the pragmatism of Pentecostalism and cultural beliefs are consistent with what is reported in the literature.Implications for practiceThe findings of the study show that broad changes are needed to accommodate the religious coping of BASUs in their recovery journey.
Prevalence and correlates of sleep apnea among US Veterans with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Canales Muna T. , Bozorgmehri Shahab , Ishani Areef , Weiner I. David , Berry Richard , Beyth Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe prevalence and correlates of sleep apnea (SA) among Veterans with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a population at high risk of both SA and CKD, are unknown. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 248 Veterans (18–89 years) selected only for presence of moderate to severe CKD. All participants underwent full, unattended polysomnography, measurement of renal function and a sleepiness questionnaire. Logistic regression with backward selection was used to identify predictors of prevalent SA (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI, ≥15 events/hr] and prevalent nocturnal hypoxia [NH, % of total sleep time spent at <90% oxygen saturation]). The mean age of our cohort was 73.2 ± 9.6 years, 95% were male, 78% were Caucasian and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2. The prevalence of SA was 39%. There was no difference in daytime sleepiness among those with and without SA. In the final model, older age, higher BMI and diabetes mellitus (DM) were associated with higher odds of SA, after controlling for age, BMI, race and sex. Higher BMI, DM, unemployed/retired status, current smoking and higher serum bicarbonate level were associated with prevalent NH. To sum, SA was common among Veterans with moderate to severe CKD. Although some traditional risk factors for SA were associated with SA in this population, sleepiness did not correlate with SA. Further study is needed to validate our findings and understand how best to address the high burden of SA among Veterans with CKD.
‘Being international is always a good thing’: A multicentre interview study on ethics in international medical education
Authors: Brouwer Emmaline , Frambach Janneke , Somodi Klara , Nadarajah Vishna Devi , Driessen Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextInternationalisation in medical education raises ethical concerns over, for instance, its for‐profit orientation, the potential erosion of cultural diversity and the possibility that standardised education may not meet the needs of patients everywhere. These concerns fit into a broader debate on social responsibility in higher education. This study aims to explore how academic staff in international medical education experience and act upon the ethical concerns that pertain to their programmes. By adding their perspectives to the debate, this study helps us understand how theory‐based ethical concerns are reflected in practice.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre instrumental case study across three international medical programmes, all of which were characterised by an international student intake, an internationalised curriculum and international partnerships, and all of which used English as the medium of instruction. We conducted 24 semi‐structured interviews with purposively sampled curriculum directors and teaching staff. Participants shared their personal experiences and responded to ethical concerns expressed in the literature. Our multidisciplinary team performed a template analysis of the data based on theoretical frameworks of ethics and social responsibility.ResultsParticipants primarily experienced the internationalisation of their institutions and programmes as having a positive impact on students, the university and the future global society. However, they did face several ethical dilemmas. The first of these involved the possibility that marketisation through international recruitment and the application of substantial tuition fees might widen access to medical education, but might allow weaker students to enter medical schools. The second concern referred to the homogenisation of education methods and content, which offers opportunities to expose students to best practices, but may also pose a risk to education quality. The third issue referred to the experience that although student diversity helped to promote intercultural learning, it also jeopardised student well‐being.ConclusionsIn the eyes of teaching staff in international medical education, internationalisation can benefit education quality and society, but poses ethical dilemmas through the forces of marketisation, homogenisation and diversification. The findings reflect a tension between the views of scholars and those of practitioners. The critical perspective found in academic debates is largely missing in practice, and theoretical frameworks on ethics possibly overlook the benefits of international education. To facilitate ethical decision making, we propose that scholars and practitioners globally try to learn from each other.
The cognitive process of test takers when using the script concordance test rating scale
Authors: Gawad Nada , Wood Timothy J. , Cowley Lindsay , Raiche Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextClinical decision making (CDM) skills are important to learn and assess in order to establish competence in trainees. A common tool for assessing CDM is the script concordance test (SCT), which asks test takers to indicate how a new clinical finding influences a proposed plan using a Likert‐type scale. Most criticisms of the SCT relate to its rating scale but are largely theoretical. The cognitive process of test takers when selecting their responses using the SCT rating scale remains understudied, but is essential to gathering validity evidence for use of the SCT in CDM assessment.MethodsCases from an SCT used in a national validation study were administered to 29 residents and 14 staff surgeons. Semi‐structured cognitive interviews were then conducted with 10 residents and five staff surgeons based on the SCT results. Cognitive interview data were independently coded by two data analysts, who specifically sought to elucidate how participants mapped their internally generated responses to any of the rating scale options.ResultsFive major issues were identified with the response matching cognitive process: (a) the meaning of the ‘0' response option; (b) which response corresponds to agreement with the planned management; (c) the rationale for picking ‘±1' versus ‘±2'; (d) which response indicates the desire to undertake the planned management plus an additional procedure, and (e) the influence of time on response selection.ConclusionsStudying how test takers (experts and trainees) interpret the SCT rating scale has revealed several issues related to inconsistent and unintended use. Revising the scale to address the variety of interpretations could help to improve the response process validity of the SCT and therefore improve the SCT's ability to be used in CDM skills assessments.
Students as patients: A systematic review of peer simulation in health care professional education
Authors: Dalwood Narelle , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Williams Cylie , Morgan Prue , Pritchard Shane , Blackstock Felicity 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextEvidence supports the substitution of both clinical placement time and traditional educational activities with simulation‐based education (SBE). However, lack of resources can be a barrier to SBE implementation. Peer simulation provides an alternative to simulated patient (SP)‐based SBE by educating students to portray patient roles. This diversifies learning experiences for students using SBE and may decrease costs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the impact of students portraying the roles of patients in a simulation‐based learning environment (peer simulation) on learning outcomes in entry‐level health care professional students.MethodsSeven databases were searched (from inception to 8 May 2019) using terms including ‘peer simulation,’ ‘role‐play’ and ‘simulated/standardised patient.’ The studies included described a health care professional student SBE interaction involving peer simulation. Data were extracted by two independent investigators. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A descriptive analysis was completed and meta‐analysis conducted in instances in which outcomes could be pooled.ResultsA total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Constructs measured by the studies included communication, empathy, self‐efficacy and confidence. Five randomised controlled trials compared peer simulation with the use of SPs and demonstrated greater or equivalent patient empathy gains in peer simulation. Meta‐analysis determined no difference in communication capabilities between the two groups. Students perceived peer simulation as comparably valuable and frequently superior to other forms of learning. This review was unable to determine effective design features of peer simulation initiatives.ConclusionsStudents were positive about peer simulation, but there has been limited evaluation of learning outcome attainment. Significant heterogeneity was observed; studies were diverse in design, outcome measures and the training provided for peer patients. Peer simulation positively influences student communication and development of patient empathy and offers an alternative to learning with SPs. Further rigorous research is required to understand the impact of peer simulation for a broader range of learning outcomes and to confirm the impact of this developing educational approach.