bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensing of electrolytes in urine using a miniaturized paper-based device
Authors: Ghaderinezhad Fariba , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Tseng Derek , Karinca Doruk , Liang Kyle , Ozcan Aydogan , Tasoglu Savas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalyzing electrolytes in urine, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite, has significant diagnostic value in detecting various conditions, such as kidney disorder, urinary stone disease, urinary tract infection, and cystic fibrosis. Ideally, by regularly monitoring these ions with the convenience of dipsticks and portable tools, such as cellphones, informed decision making is possible to control the consumption of these ions. Here, we report a paper-based sensor for measuring the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite in urine, accurately quantified using a smartphone-enabled platform. By testing the device with both Tris buffer and artificial urine containing a wide range of electrolyte concentrations, we demonstrate that the proposed device can be used for detecting potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite within the whole physiological range of concentrations, and for binary quantification of sodium concentration.
Assembly methods for nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing: a comparative study
Authors: Latorre-Pérez Adriel , Villalba-Bermell Pascual , Pascual Javier , Vilanova Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetagenomic sequencing has allowed for the recovery of previously unexplored microbial genomes. Whereas short-read sequencing platforms often result in highly fragmented metagenomes, nanopore-based sequencers could lead to more contiguous assemblies due to their potential to generate long reads. Nevertheless, there is a lack of updated and systematic studies evaluating the performance of different assembly tools on nanopore data. In this study, we have benchmarked the ability of different assemblers to reconstruct two different commercially-available mock communities that have been sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. Among the tested tools, only metaFlye, Raven, and Canu performed well in all the datasets. These tools retrieved highly contiguous genomes (or even complete genomes) directly from the metagenomic data. Despite the intrinsic high error of nanopore sequencing, final assemblies reached high accuracy (~ 99.5 to 99.8% of consensus accuracy). Polishing strategies demonstrated to be necessary for reducing the number of indels, and this had an impact on the prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters. Correction with high quality short reads did not always result in higher quality draft assemblies. Overall, nanopore metagenomic sequencing data-adapted to MinION’s current output-proved sufficient for assembling and characterizing low-complexity microbial communities.
Menthol can be safely applied to improve thermal perception during physical exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Keringer Patrik , Farkas Nelli , Gede Noemi , Hegyi Peter , Rumbus Zoltan , Lohinai Zsolt , Solymar Margit , Ruksakiet Kasidid , Varga Gabor , Garami Andras 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMenthol is often used as a cold-mimicking substance to allegedly enhance performance during physical activity, however menthol-induced activation of cold-defence responses during exercise can intensify heat accumulation in the body. This meta-analysis aimed at studying the effects of menthol on thermal perception and thermophysiological homeostasis during exercise. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched until May 2020. Menthol caused cooler thermal sensation by weighted mean difference (WMD) of − 1.65 (95% CI, − 2.96 to − 0.33) and tended to improve thermal comfort (WMD = 1.42; 95% CI, − 0.13 to 2.96) during physical exercise. However, there was no meaningful difference in sweat production (WMD = − 24.10 ml; 95% CI, − 139.59 to 91.39 ml), deep body temperature (WMD = 0.02 °C; 95% CI, − 0.11 to 0.15 °C), and heart rate (WMD = 2.67 bpm; 95% CI − 0.74 to 6.09 bpm) between the treatment groups. Menthol improved the performance time in certain subgroups, which are discussed. Our findings suggest that different factors, viz., external application, warmer environment, and higher body mass index can improve menthol’s effects on endurance performance, however menthol does not compromise warmth-defence responses during exercise, thus it can be safely applied by athletes from the thermoregulation point of view.
Changes in the plasma microvesicle proteome during the ovarian hyperstimulation phase of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Olausson Nina , Mobarrez Fariborz , Zubarev Roman , Chernobrovkin Alexey , Rutishauser Dorothea , Bremme Katarina , Westerlund Eli , Hovatta Outi , Wallén Håkan , Henriksson Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism is increased during the first trimester of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conception. We previously found that haemostatic plasma variables changed but within normal limits during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) concomitant with a major increase in plasma microvesicles (MVs) and markers indicating cell activation. We now explored the proteome of these MVs. Thirty-one women undergoing ART were blood sampled at down-regulation (DR) of oestrogen and at high level stimulation (HLS) with its 10–100-fold increased oestrogen level. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the proteome. We identified 306 proteins in the MVs and 72 had changed significantly at HLS compared to DR and more than 20% of them were associated with haemostasis. Thus, proteins related to both haemostasis and complement activation altered in plasma MVs in parallel with MV activation during COH. This needs to be further explored in the clinical context.
A proteogenomic profile of early lung adenocarcinomas by protein co-expression network and genomic alteration analysis
Authors: Nishimura Toshihide , Nakamura Haruhiko , Tan Kien Thiam , Zhuo De-Wei , Fujii Kiyonaga , Koizumi Hirotaka , Naruki Saeko , Takagi Masayuki , Furuya Naoki , Kato Yasufumi , Chen Shu-Jen , Kato Harubumi , Saji Hisashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe tumourigenesis of early lung adenocarcinomas, including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (LPA), remains unclear. This study aimed to capture disease-related molecular networks characterising each subtype and tumorigenesis by assessing 14 lung adenocarcinomas (AIS, five; MIA, five; LPA, four). Protein–protein interaction networks significant to the three subtypes were elucidated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and pairwise G-statistics based analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis for AIS involved extracellular matrix proteoglycans and neutrophil degranulation pathway relating to tumour growth and angiogenesis. Whereas no direct networks were found for MIA, proteins significant to MIA were involved in oncogenic transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and detoxification in the lung. LPA was associated with pathways of HSF1-mediated heat shock response regulation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and mitosis. Genomic alteration analysis suggested that LPA had both somatic mutations with loss of function and copy number gains more frequent than MIA. Oncogenic drivers were detected in both MIA and LPA, and also LPA had a higher degree of copy number loss than MIA. Our findings may help identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance
Authors: Putnam Hollie M. , Ritson-Williams Raphael , Cruz Jolly Ann , Davidson Jennifer M. , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but also the influx of recruits to promote genetic diversity and retain cover following adult mortality. Few studies examine the linkages among multiple life stages of corals, despite a growing knowledge of carryover effects in other systems. We provide a novel test of coral parental conditioning to ocean acidification (OA) and tracking of offspring for 6 months post-release to better understand parental or developmental priming impacts on the processes of offspring recruitment and growth. Coral planulation was tracked for 3 months following adult exposure to high pCO2and offspring from the second month were reciprocally exposed to ambient and high pCO2for an additional 6 months. Offspring of parents exposed to high pCO2had greater settlement and survivorship immediately following release, retained survivorship benefits during 1 and 6 months of continued exposure, and further displayed growth benefits to at least 1 month post release. Enhanced performance of offspring from parents exposed to high conditions was maintained despite the survivorship in both treatments declining in continued exposure to OA. Conditioning of the adults while they brood their larvae, or developmental acclimation of the larvae inside the adult polyps, may provide a form of hormetic conditioning, or environmental priming that elicits stimulatory effects. Defining mechanisms of positive acclimatization, with potential implications for carry over effects, cross-generational plasticity, and multi-generational plasticity, is critical to better understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of corals under regimes of increasing environmental disturbance. Considering environmentally-induced parental or developmental legacies in ecological and evolutionary projections may better account for coral reef response to the chronic stress regimes characteristic of climate change.
Synthesis, properties, and catalysis of p-block complexes supported by bis(arylimino)acenaphthene ligands
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Soo Han Sen , Garcia Felipe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBis(arylimino)acenaphthene (Ar-BIAN) ligands have been recognized as robust scaffolds for metal complexes since the 1990 s and most of their coordination chemistry was developed with transition metals. Notably, there have been relatively few reports on complexes comprising main group elements, especially those capitalizing on the redox non-innocence of Ar-BIAN ligands supporting p-block elements. Here we present an overview of synthetic approaches to Ar-BIAN ligands and their p-block complexes using conventional solution-based methodologies and environmentally-benign mechanochemical routes. This is followed by a discussion on their catalytic properties, including comparisons to transition metal counterparts, as well as key structural and electronic properties of p-block Ar-BIAN complexes.
Two-dimensional superconductivity and magnetotransport from topological surface states in AuSn4 semimetal
Authors: Shen Dong , Kuo Chia Nung , Yang Tien Wei , Chen I Nan , Lue Chin Shan , Wang Li Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTopological materials such as Dirac or Weyl semimetals are new states of matter characterized by symmetry-protected surface states responsible for exotic low-temperature magnetotransport properties. Here, transport measurements on AuSn4 single crystals, a topological nodal-line semimetal candidate, reveal the presence of two-dimensional superconductivity with a transition temperature Tc ~ 2.40 K. The two-dimensional nature of superconductivity is verified by a Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, Bose-metal phase, and vortex dynamics interpreted in terms of thermally-assisted flux motion in two dimensions. The normal-state magnetoconductivity at low temperatures is found to be well described by the weak-antilocalization transport formula, which has been commonly observed in topological materials, strongly supporting the scenario that normal-state magnetotransport in AuSn4 is dominated by the surface electrons of topological Dirac-cone states. The entire results are summarized in a phase diagram in the temperature–magnetic field plane, which displays different regimes of transport. The combination of two-dimensional superconductivity and surface-driven magnetotransport suggests the topological nature of superconductivity in AuSn4.
Tutorial: Motor-Based Treatment Strategies for /r/ Distortions
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Benway Nina R. , Leece Megan C. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , McAllister Tara 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis tutorial summarizes current best practices in treating American English /r/ distortions in children with residual speech errors.MethodTo enhance the effectiveness of clinicians' cueing and feedback, the phonetics of /r/ production is reviewed. Principles of acquisition, which can inform how to practice /r/ in the early stages of therapy, are explained. Elements of therapy that lack scientific support are also mentioned.ResultsAlthough there is significant variability in /r/ production, the common articulatory requirements include an oral constriction, a pharyngeal constriction, tongue body lowering, lateral bracing, and slight lip rounding. Examples of phonetic cues and shaping strategies are provided to help clinicians elicit these movements to evoke correct /r/ productions. Principles of acquisition (e.g., blocked practice, frequent knowledge of performance feedback) are reviewed to help clinicians structure the earliest stages of treatment to establish /r/. Examples of approaches that currently lack scientific support include nonspeech oral motor exercises, tactile cues along the mylohyoid muscle, and heterogeneous groupings in group therapy.ConclusionTreatment strategies informed by phonetic science and motor learning theory can be implemented by all clinicians to enhance acquisition of /r/ for children with residual errors.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12771329
Updating and Refining Prevalence Rates of Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Communication Disorders Among Post-9/11 Veterans: A Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study
Authors: Norman Rocío S. , Swan Alicia A. , Jenkins Angela , Ballard Matthew , Amuan Megan , Pugh Mary Jo 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
To describe the prevalence of communication disorders in a cohort of 84,377 deployed post-9/11 veterans stratified by blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure. Secondary aim was to evaluate the association between postconcussion symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, pain, headache, substance use disorder, and auditory problems, among veterans with and without a communication disorder diagnosis.

Method
This is a retrospective study of the prevalence of aphasia, apraxia of speech and dysarthria, cognitive-communication disorder, fluency, and voice disorders among veterans, stratified by TBI severity and blast status. Data were obtained from the national Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn roster file provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Public Health and the Veterans Affairs' TBI screening and subsequent comprehensive TBI evaluation.

Results
Cognitive-communication disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis, comprising 57.1% of all communication disorder diagnoses, followed by voice disorder (19%) and aphasia (16%). Increased age was significantly associated with higher rates of aphasia, apraxia of speech/dysarthria, and voice disorder.

Conclusions
The current study shows that, while the overall total number of communication disorder diagnoses was higher in the blast groups than in the nonblast groups, TBI severity was a more significant risk factor for a diagnosis, with veterans in the more severe groups at a higher risk of being diagnosed with a communication disorder when compared to those with mild TBI and no blast exposure. In order to better inform rehabilitation and clinical management of communication conditions, it is critical to examine the influence of blast and postconcussive symptoms in post-9/11 veterans.
Sicherheitslücken in der Endoskopie
Authors: Pfeifer Ute 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungImmer wieder kommt es in deutschen Kliniken und Praxen zu Einbrüchen mit Diebstahlsdelikten. Mehrere Presseberichte und TV-Sendungen berichteten in der Vergangenheit von Diebstählen, die offensichtlich von organisierten und insbesondere auch gut informierten kriminellen Banden verübt wurden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, noch einmal im Detail zu informieren, zu sensibilisieren sowie mögliche Sicherheitslücken aufzudecken und zu schließen.
Endoskopie in der niedergelassenen Praxis – was ist anders als im Krankenhaus?
Authors: Toermer Thomas 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Endoskopie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der gastroenterologischen Arbeit. Die Endoskopieeinheiten unterliegen strengen qualitätsgesicherten Auflagen, welche sowohl für die Endoskopie im Krankenhaus als auch in der niedergelassenen Praxis gelten.Darüber hinaus ist die Vorgehensweise bei der endoskopischen Diagnosestellung gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen eng an Leitlinien geknüpft. Diese Leitlinien dienen dem einheitlichen Vorgehen sowohl in der abulanten als auch in stationären Endoskopie.Unterschiede finden sich lediglich in der Indikation für die Endoskopie. Hier liegt der Schwerpunkt der endoskopischen Untersuchung in der Niederlassung bei der Prävention und Überwachung und im Krankenhaus aufgrund der bestehenden erweiterten Infrastruktur bei der Intervention sowie der Notfallversorgung.
A new exploration of white globe appearance (WGA) in ulcerative lesions
Authors: Cheng Jinnian , Xia Jie , Zhuang Qian , Xu Xianjun , Wu Xiaowan , Wan Xinjian , Wang Jing , Zhou Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aim White globe appearance (WGA), a small white lesion with a globular shape that can be clearly visualized by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI), was reported to be a reliable marker of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, we found that this endoscopic presentation could also be seen in non-cancerous tissues, especially in ulcerative lesions. This study aimed to further investigate the diagnostic value of WGA in differentiating non-cancerous lesions from EGC in ulcer-type cases.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 54 cases of EGC and 155 cases of non-cancerous lesions in this study, all of which had endoscopic imaging data of ME-NBI scanning and pathological data of biopsy or resected specimens. The correlation of the prevalence of WGA and ulcerative lesions, as well as the characteristics of WGA between the 2 groups were analyzed in this study.
Results WGA was more common in ulcerative lesions (27.6 %, 21/76) than in non-ulcerative lesions (3.8 %, 5/133) (p < 0.001) in our study. In the ulcerative cases, no significant difference in prevalence of WGA was observed between EGC and non-cancerous lesions (p = 0.532). Compared with WGA in EGC, WGA in non-cancerous lesions tended to show the characteristic of tree-branch-like vessels on globular shape (p < 0.001).
Conclusions WGA is more likely to occur in ulcerative lesions, and the presence of WGA alone cannot distinguish EGC from non-cancerous lesions in ulcer-type cases. In WGA-positive tissue, tree-branch-like vessels of globular shape may provide a certain clinical value in diagnosis of non-cancerous lesions or EGC.
Frakturreduktion durch körperliches Training – Welches Training für wen? Eine evidenzbasierte Übersicht über Trainingsstrategien bei Osteoporose
Authors: von Stengel Simon , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungOsteoporotische Frakturen sind ein hochrelevantes Problem unserer überalterten Gesellschaft. Die zentralen Zielparameter, welche in diesem Zusammenhang im Rahmen eines körperlichen Trainings angesteuert werden können, sind die Bereiche „Sturzhäufigkeit“ und „Knochenfestigkeit“ als wesentliche Determinanten des Frakturrisikos. Die Konzeption und Durchführung eines frakturwirksamen Trainings ist aus trainingswissenschaftlicher Sicht allerdings äußerst komplex und verlangt eine auf die anvisierte Zielsetzung und Personengruppe abgestimmte Komposition von Trainingsinhalten und Belastungsnormativen. Zur Senkung des Sturzrisikos sind neben einem gezielten Gleichgewichtstraining insbesondere multimodale Bewegungsprogramme, welche Gleichgewichts- und Kraftübungen beinhalten, geeignet. Für ein knochenwirksames Training können intensive osteogene Reize am Knochen über Muskelzüge im Rahmen eines Krafttrainings oder durch axiale Belastungen im Rahmen von gewichtstragenden High-impact-Übungen generiert werden. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, basierend auf der aktuellen Evidenz, Grundlagen und Strategien zur effektiven Frakturprophylaxe durch Sturzreduktion und positive Beeinflussung der Knochendichte durch körperliches Training herauszuarbeiten.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Different Herbal Products against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis Using Agar Diffusion Test: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bansal Rajinder , Bansal Manu , Wazir Nikhil Dev , Matta Mandeep Singh , Jain Sanjeev , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction The main aim of this study is in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of different herbal products, that is, propolis, garlic, neem, aloe vera, and rosemary, against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion test.Materials and Methods In this study, total of 42 plates were prepared, 10 each of B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis and 12 as test control (6 as positive and 6 as negative control). The effectiveness of five herbal products was ascertained by agar diffusion method against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. Cultures of these test organisms were maintained on selective media slants in a test tube to collect sufficient number of microbial colonies for evaluation. The cultures were divided into three groups based upon microbes that were lawn cultured, respectively: In group A, 10 petri plates were having growth of B. subtilis; in group B, 10 petri plates were having growth of S. aureus; and in group C, 10 petri plates were having growth of E. faecalis. In all these 30 petri plates, five different herbal product discs were placed and these discs were designated as A (aloe vera), P (propolis), N (neem), R (rosemary), and G (garlic). Among remaining 12 petri plates, 4 petri plates were used as control (2 for positive and 2 for negative) for each of the bacteria.Results Propolis and rosemary showed maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis. Garlic, neem, and aloe vera showed maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus.Conclusion All the herbal products showed zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis.
Optimal control of aging in complex networks
Authors: Sun Eric D. , Michaels Thomas C. T. , Mahadevan L. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceAging in many complex systems composed of interacting components leads to decay and eventual collapse/death. Repair delays this process at a cost, suggesting a trade-off between the cost of repair and the benefit of health and longevity. Using an interdependent network model of a complex system, we introduce a control theoretic and learning framework for maximizing longevity at minimal repair cost and determine the optimal maintenance schedule for the system. Our approach should be relevant to determining checking schedules for complex engineered and living systems.