bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les enjeux éthiques de l’enseignement en ergothérapie : des injustices au sein des départements universitaires
Authors: Drolet Marie-Josée , Girard Karoline , Gaudet Rébecca 
Published: July 2020

Si les enjeux éthiques de l’enseignement sont bien documentés dans les écrits, tel n’est pas le cas des enjeux éthiques que pose l’enseignement en ergothérapie. Aucune étude n’a été menée sur le sujet au Québec. Pour pallier cette lacune, une recherche a été réalisée. Cet article en présente les résultats. Puisque l’état des connaissances sur le sujet est limité, un devis qualitatif a été utilisé. Onze ergothérapeutes-enseignantes ont participé à un entretien individuel semi-dirigé pour discuter des enjeux éthiques que soulèvent leurs enseignements. Six unités de sens émergent des données : 1) l’équité entre les étudiants : un défi ; 2) la santé et le bien-être des étudiants et des enseignantes : un portrait troublant ; 3) des injustices au sein du corps enseignant : l’éléphant dans la pièce ; 4) l’identité professionnelle tiraillée par des conflits de rôles ; 5) la présence de conflits d’intérêts préoccupants et 6) l’équilibre occupationnel : un mythe plus qu’une réalité. Les résultats rejoignent en général ceux documentés dans les écrits. Cela dit, un élément peu documenté dans les écrits émerge, soit la présence d’une culture académique hiérarchisée où l’autorité épistémique est détenue par les professeurs-chercheurs au détriment des autres types d’enseignants et des milieux cliniques. Ainsi, bien que la profession ergothérapique valorise la justice occupationnelle, les départements universitaires sont dominés par une injustice épistémique qui, par ricochet, engendre une injustice occupationnelle, ce qui d’un point de vue ergothérapique est préoccupant. Aussi, le contexte universitaire est lié à une surcharge de travail peu propice à l’agir éthique et à la pratique réflexive.
Appliquer un procédé argumentaire pour revendiquer une attribution des services en ergothérapie basée sur l’habilitation aux occupations
Authors: Jean-Gagnon Kim , Brousseau Martine 
Published: July 2020

Problématique : L’attribution actuelle des services en ergothérapie en CLSC permet difficilement aux ergothérapeutes d’intervenir selon leur expertise première d’habilitation aux occupations. Pour revendiquer cette situation, les professionnels sont appelés à agir comme agent de changement et idéalement avoir recours à un procédé argumentaire. Objectif : Appliquer un procédé argumentaire à une situation professionnelle problématique en ergothérapie, soit revendiquer une attribution des services en ergothérapie en CLSC basée sur l’habilitation aux occupations. Méthode : Le procédé argumentaire est basé sur le cadre argumentaire Convictions-Réel-Actions-Fondements (CRAF) nécessitant une recherche d’arguments provenant d’une recension critique des écrits. Résultats : Les études recensées font valoir des arguments basés sur les valeurs et les fondements théoriques de la profession. Les arguments issus des résultats probants proviennent d’études dont le niveau d’évidence scientifique est élevé. Ils montrent que des interventions basées sur l’habilitation aux occupations ont des retombées sur la participation et le fonctionnement dans les occupations, le bien-être et la santé physique et mentale, la perception d’efficacité personnelle, la satisfaction de vie, les interactions sociales, l’apprentissage de connaissances et l’espérance de vie. Discussion : L’habilitation aux occupations dans une approche de prévention et de promotion de la santé est efficace et rentable, et ce, pour une clientèle plus vaste que celle actuellement desservie. Les ergothérapeutes, désireux d’être agent de changement dans leur milieu, pourraient reproduire le procédé argumentaire pour l’appliquer à une situation clinique problématique.
Cranberry Juice Inhibit Bacterial Pathogens Associated To Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Coppini Camila , Gelinski Jane Mary L. N. , Frighetto Mônica 
Published: July 2020

Aims: To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial potential of 35% reconstituted juice (RJCr) against bacterial pathogen related to urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Place and Duration of Study: Food and Biotechnology Laboratory, Brazil.
Study Design: Cranberry juice for in vitro evaluation by agar well diffusion assay and direct in vitro assay.
Methodology: Cranberry fruits were used to produce RJCr pH 3. Five bacterial pathogens were tested: Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Proteus mirabilis, an isolate of clinical origin. Two methods were used to assess antimicrobial activity. In the agar well diffusion (AWD) assay, each pathogen was inoculated on agar plates and the juice was added in wells drilled on this agar by incubation at 35°C/24hours. Then, the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured (mm). Based on dilutions methods, a direct in vitro assay (DA) was also performed. In test tubes 4.5 ml of RJCr was added an inoculum of each pathogen for a final concentration of >106 and <107 CFU.mL-1.The performance was evaluated based on CFU.mL-1 resulting on agar plates (35°C / 24 hours).
Results: By using AWD the RJCr inhibited E. coli and the average size of the diameter of inhibition halo reached 23.3 mm, that is, greater when compared to the group with Chloramphenicol (11.6 mm). However, for the other strains the RJCr was not inhibiting with this method. But, by using DA, the action of RJCr was inhibitory for all strains here tested, with an average of 5.1 Log cycles of reduction in relation to initial concentration. For E. coli and P. mirabilis the reduction reached six Log cycles.
Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of RJCr was evident to E. coli by both types of inhibitory methods, a relevant result since it is the most recurrent microorganism in UTIs. Cranberry juice was stronger in inhibiting E. coli than antibiotic chloramphenicol as observed by AWD. Thus, the study reinforces the importance of Cranberry, even in the form of juice, in inhibiting E. coli.
Extension Rules of Newman–Janis Algorithm for Rotation Metrics in General Relativity
Authors: Chou Yu-Ching, 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The aim of this study is to extend the formula of Newman–Janis algorithm (NJA) and introduce the rules of the complexifying seed metric. The extension of NJA can help determine more generalized axisymmetric solutions in general relativity.Methodology: We perform the extended NJA in two parts: the tensor structure and the seed metric function. Regarding the tensor structure, there are two prescriptions, the Newman–Penrose null tetrad and the Giampieri prescription. Both are mathematically equivalent; however, the latter is more concise. Regarding the seed metric function, we propose the extended rules of a complex transformation by r2/Σ and combine the mass, charge, and cosmologic constant into a polynomial function of r.
Results: We obtain a family of axisymmetric exact solutions to Einstein’s field equations, including the Kerr metric, Kerr–Newman metric, rotating–de Sitter, rotating Hayward metric, Kerr–de Sitter metric and Kerr–Newman–de Sitter metric. All the above solutions are embedded in ellipsoid- symmetric spacetime, and the energy-momentum tensors of all the above metrics satisfy the energy conservation equations.
Conclusion: The extension rules of the NJA in this research avoid ambiguity during complexifying the transformation and successfully generate a family of axisymmetric exact solutions to Einsteins field equations in general relativity, which deserves further study.
A population of learners: A new way to measure organizational learning
Authors: Uzumeri Mustafa , Nembhard David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper we describe an approach that enables managers to systematically describe patterns of skill learning in large populations of front‐line workers. The method fits individualized learning curves to the work performance histories of every member of a population. The resulting set of ‘best‐fit’ parameter estimates represents a parsimonious summary of the many learning behaviors that are taking place. A case study demonstrated the descriptive power of the model using electronically collected data on 3874 episodes of individual learning in a large US manufacturing firm.
Overdose with sustained-release lithium preparations
Authors: Astruc B , Petit P , Abbar M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAcute lithium intoxication is potentially lethal. Compared to conventional lithium preparations, sustained-release lithium formulations present specific problems for medical practice in the case of overdose. We report a case of intoxication with 8000 mg of sustained-release lithium carbonate preparation (Teralithe 400 LP®). Twenty-five hours after the ingestion, the patient was still asymptomatic, despite a serum level in the toxic range. After comparison of this case with reports found in the Medline database, we consider the clinical management of such cases.
Identification and validation of novel DNA methylation markers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Miao , Zhang Chen , Zhou Lijun , Li Siyu , Cao Yuan Jie , Wang Longlong , Xiang Rong , Shi Yi , Piao Yongjun 
Published: July 2020

Lung cancer has the highest mortality of all cancers worldwide. Epigenetic alterations have emerged as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of various cancer tissue types. To identify methylation markers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, we aimed to integrate genome‐wide DNA methylation and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. To this end, we first examined the global DNA methylation pattern of lung adenocarcinoma and investigated the relationship between DNA methylation subtypes and clinical features. We then extracted differentially methylated and expressed genes, and adopted feature selection techniques to determine the final methylation markers. The performance of the markers in predicting lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated on three independent datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus. Protein levels of marker genes were validated by immunohistochemistry, and their biological function was further verified in vivo. We identified three novel methylation markers in lung adenocarcinoma including cg08032924, cg14823851, and cg19161124, mapping to CMTM2, TBX4, and DPP6, respectively. Validating these results on three independent datasets indicated that the three markers can achieve extremely high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma from normal samples. Immunohistochemistry quantification results confirmed that markers are weakly expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma, and CMTM2 decreased tumor growth of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo. Overall, our study identified three novel methylation markers in lung adenocarcinoma which may contribute toward an improved diagnosis potentially leading to a better outcome for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Novel immune subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma identified through bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Qin Fang‐lu , Xu Zhan‐yu , Yuan Li‐qiang , Chen Wen‐jie , Wei Jiang‐bo , Sun Yu , Li Shi‐kang 
Published: July 2020

The magnitude of the immune response is closely associated with clinical outcome in patients with cancer. However, finding potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer in the immune system remains challenging. Here, we constructed a vital immune‐prognosis genes (VIPGs) based cluster of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from IMMPORT databases and The Cancer Genome Atlas. A transcription factor regulatory network for the VIPGs was also established. The tumor microenvironment of LUAD was analyzed using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm and single‐sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The immune checkpoints and genomic alterations were explored in the different immune clusters. We identified 15 VIPGs for patients with LUAD and clustered the patients into low‐immunity and high‐immunity subtypes. The immune score, stromal score and ESTIMATE score were significantly higher in the high‐immunity subtype, whereas tumor purity was higher in the low‐immunity subtype. In addition, the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T lymphocyte associate protein‐4(CTLA4), programmed cell death protein‐1 and programmed death‐ligand were elevated in the low‐immunity subtype. The genomic results also showed that the tumor mutation burden was higher in the high‐immunity subtype. Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that several immune‐related gene sets, including interleukin‐2/STAT5 signaling, inflammatory response, interleukin‐6/Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, interferon‐gamma response and allograft rejection, were elevated in the high‐immunity subtype. Finally, high‐immunity patients exhibited greater overall and disease‐specific survival outcome compared with low‐immunity patients (log rank P = 0.013 and P = 0.0097). Altogether, here we have identified 15 immune‐prognosis genes and a potential immune subtype for patients with LUAD, which may provide new insights into the prognosis and treatment of LUAD.
Archaeal Cell Walls
Authors: Meyer Benjamin H , Albers Sonja‐Verena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNext to the bacterial and eukaryal domains, Archaea form one of the three domains of life. Within the last decade, the phylogenetic tree of archaea has dramatically expanded and nowadays Archaea are found in almost every habitat, from extreme to moderate. The adaptation to these diverse environments might have resulted in the remarkably high variety of different archaeal cell envelope types. One major difference to bacteria is the lack of murein or a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐containing outer membrane.The cell wall of many Archaea is formed by a proteinaceous surface (S‐) layer. S‐layer proteins have the intrinsic ability to form two‐dimensional crystals, which can have an oblique (p2), square (p4) or hexagonal (p3 or p6) symmetry. All currently studied archaeal S‐layer proteins were found to be modified by the attachment ofN‐linked and, in some cases, additionally byO‐linked glycans. However, also Archaea have been characterised which lack an S‐layer and possess instead a second outermost membrane or sugar polymers like pseudomurein, methanochondroitin, or heteropolysaccharides as their cell envelope. These polymeric cell wall structures can either form the sole cell wall structure or be supported by an additional S‐layer cover.Key ConceptsArchaea do have peptidoglycan, it is called pseudomurein and different in its composition to murein.Most studied Archaea have one cytoplasmic membrane, but more and more species are found which have two membranes.Archaeal cell envelopes lack murein or a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐containing outer membrane.Many Archaea possess a glycosylated proteinaceous surface layer (S‐layer) as their sole cell wall structure.In some Archaea, the cell wall is composed of glycan polymers, like glutaminylglycan, heterosaccharide, methanochondroitin, or pseudomurein, which can be further supported by an S‐layer.
Enzymes: Irreversible Inhibition
Authors: McDonald Andrew G , Tipton Keith F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany drugs that are in clinical use work by irreversibly inhibiting specific enzymes, either in the individual being treated or in an invading organism. Enzyme inhibitors are also of value for understanding the behaviour of individual enzymes and metabolic systems. Recovery from irreversible inhibition requires the synthesis of new enzyme. Although those irreversible inhibitors that react with specific groups in the enzyme protein generally inhibit more than one enzyme, those that initially form a noncovalent complex with the enzyme, with subsequent reaction within that complex leading to the formation of a covalent bond, can show a high degree of selectivity. Kinetic studies, which are detailed in this account, can be used to distinguish the different types of inhibition and the factors that contribute to effectiveness and selectivity.Key ConceptsIrreversible inhibition cannot be reversed by the removal of the excess inhibitor from the system.Recovery from reversible inhibition depends on the removal of the inhibitor from the system, whereas recovery from irreversible inhibition requires the synthesis of fresh enzyme.Enzyme turnover in the tissues is a balance between the rate of its synthesis and degradation.Nonspecific irreversible inhibitors can react with several groups of the same type in different proteins.Specific irreversible inhibitors form an initial noncovalent complex with the enzyme before the reaction within that complex to form a covalent bond.Active‐site‐directed inhibitors contain a reactive grouping attached to a substrate analogue.Mechanism‐based inhibitors can be highly specific because they depend on the activity of the enzyme to form a reactive intermediate that then reacts irreversibly with the enzyme.Suicide substrates behave as both substrates and irreversible enzyme inhibitors in divergent processes.Dosage schedule for effective therapy with irreversible inhibitors is dependent on the half‐life of enzyme turnover.
Lipids
Authors: Yeagle Philip L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLipids are molecular building blocks that form the most fundamental structures in biology, including the serum lipoproteins, the membranes of cells and cellular organelles and the membranes of enveloped viruses. Many lipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, the fundamental architectural feature of all biological membranes. A nearly uncountable catalogue of lipid molecules is found in nature, their individual structures imparting a wide variety of properties essential to the structures and functions of biological membranes and lipoproteins in all life forms. Lipids regulate, often in specific ways, the functionality of biological membranes, through the properties of the lipid bilayer and by binding to membrane proteins. Lipids are at the centre of membrane fusion events essential for intracellular transport, endocytosis and viral infection of cells by enveloped viruses. Lipids are the metabolic precursors of some hormones and signalling molecules in cells.Key ConceptsPhospholipids, as well as many other lipids, spontaneously form bilayer structures in water, as governed by the hydrophobic effect.Lipid bilayers provide the fundamental architecture upon which all biological membranes are built.Lipid bilayers in biological membranes are in the liquid crystal state, permitting lateral diffusion of components including proteins and lipids, and internal flexibility essential to membrane enzyme function.Lipid bilayers determine many of the properties of biological membranes including their limited permeability.Thousands of different lipid species are found in biological membranes, but they can be organised into a few major lipid classes.Unsaturation in the hydrocarbon chains of lipid bilayers supports the liquid crystal state of bilayers in biology, essential to the proper functioning of membrane enzymes.Although bilayers are inherently stable, defects in the bilayer structure are required to initiate critical membrane fusion events.Individual membrane lipids play specific biological roles in membrane biology by modulating membrane enzyme activity through binding to membrane proteins.Some lipids are second messengers in intracellular signalling systems.
Recent Progress in High‐Strength and Robust Regenerated Cellulose Materials
Authors: Tu Hu , Zhu Mengxiang , Duan Bo , Zhang Lina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐strength petroleum‐based materials like plastics have been widely used in various fields, but their nonbiodegradability has caused serious pollution problems. Cellulose, as the most abundant sustainable polymer, has a great chance to act as the ideal substitute for plastics due to its low cost, wide availability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, the recent achievements for developing cellulose “green” solvents and regenerated cellulose materials with high strength via the “bottom‐up” route are presented. Cellulose can be regenerated to produce films/membranes, hydrogels/aerogels, filaments/fibers, microspheres/beads, bioplastics, etc., which show potential applications in textiles, biomedicine, energy storage, packaging, etc. Importantly, these cellulose‐based materials can be biodegraded in soil and oceans, reducing environmental pollution. The cellulose solvents, dissolving mechanism, and strategies for constructing the regenerated cellulose functional materials with high strength and performances, together with the current achievements and urgent challenges are summarized, and some perspectives are also proposed. The near future will be an exciting era for high‐strength biodegradable and renewable materials. The hope is that many environmentally friendly materials with good properties and low cost will be produced for commercial use, which will be beneficial for sustainable development in the world.
Quantum Dots of [Na4Cs6PbBr4]8+, Water Stable in Zeolite X, Luminesce Sharply in the Green
Authors: Kim Joon Young , Shim Kyu In , Han Jeong Woo , Joo Jin , Heo Nam Ho , Seff Karl 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanocrystals (NCs) of CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, or I, have excellent photoluminescent properties: high quantum yield, tunable emission wavelengths (410−700 nm), and narrow emission band widths. CsPbBr3 NCs show high promise as a green‐emitting material for use in wide color gamut displays. CsPbBr3 NCs have, however, not been commercialized because they are sensitive to moisture and heat. To avoid these problems, this work attempts to introduce CsPbBr3 into five zeolites. The zeolite X product, Pb,Br,H,Cs,Na−X, shows superior stability toward moisture, maintaining its initial luminescence properties after being under water for more than a month. Its structure, determined using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, shows that quantum dots (QDs) of [Na4Cs6PbBr4]8+ (not of CsPbBr3) have formed. They are tetrahedral PbBr42− ions (Pb−Br = 3.091(11) Å) surrounded by Na+ and Cs+ ions. Each fills the zeolite's supercage with its Pb2+ ion precisely at the center, a position of high symmetry. The peaks in the emission spectra of Pb,Br,H,Cs,Na−X and the CsPbBr3 NCs are both at about 520 nm. The FWHM of Pb,Br,H,Cs,Na−X, however, is narrower than any previously reported for any of the CsPbBr3 NCs, and for zeolite Y and the various mesoporous materials treated with CsPbBr3.
Assembling Nano–Microarchitecture for Electromagnetic Absorbers and Smart Devices
Authors: Wang Xi‐Xi , Cao Wen‐Qiang , Cao Mao‐Sheng , Yuan Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmart devices, nowadays, are inspiring the infinite vitality and possibilities of intelligent life, such as self‐power electromagnetic (EM) nanogenerator and microsensor, smart window, thermally‐driven EM absorber, interstellar energy deliverer, and so on. Herein, the latest and most impressive works of 3D nano–micro architectures and their smart EM devices are highly focused on. The most key information, including assembly strategy and mechanism, EM response, and approach‐structure‐function relationship, is extracted and well‐organized with profundity and easy‐to‐understand approach. The merit and demerit are revealed by comparison. What’s more, the brightest and most cutting‐edge smart EM devices constructed by 3D nano–micro architectures are reported as highlights, and the device principles are deeply dissected. Finally, a profound and top comment on the fast‐growing field as well as challenges are proposed, and the future directions are predicted intelligently.