bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge effects on trophic cascades in tropical rainforests
Authors: Harrison Michelle Lisa Kiri , Banks‐Leite Cristina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cascading effects of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning of forests have become more apparent. However, how edge effects shape these processes has yet to be established. We assessed how edge effects alter arthropod populations and the strength of any resultant trophic cascades on herbivory rate in tropical forests of Brazil. We established 7 paired forest edge and interior sites. Each site had a vertebrate‐exclosure, procedural (exclosure framework with open walls), and control plot (total 42 plots). Forest patches were surrounded by pasture. Understory arthropods and leaf damage were sampled every 4 weeks for 11 months. We used path analysis to determine the strength of trophic cascades in the interior and edge sites. In forest interior exclosures, abundance of predaceous and herbivorous arthropods increased by 326% and 180%, respectively, compared with control plots, and there were significant cascading effects on herbivory. Edge‐dwelling invertebrates responded weakly to exclusion and there was no evidence of trophic cascade. Our results suggest that the vertebrate community at forest edges controls invertebrate densities to a lesser extent than it does in the interior. Edge areas can support vertebrate communities with a smaller contingent of insectivores. This allows arthropods to flourish and indirectly accounts for higher levels of plant damage at these sites. Increased herbivory rates may have important consequences for floristic community composition and primary productivity, as well as cascading effects on nutrient cycling. By interspersing natural forest patches with agroforests, instead of pasture, abiotic edge effects can be softened and prevented from penetrating deep into the forest. This would ensure a greater proportion of forest remains habitable for sensitive species and could help retain ecosystem functions in edge zones.
Rapid Lump Examination (RLE) – eine schnelle Methode in der mikroskopisch kontrollierten Chirurgie von Basalzellkarzinomen
Authors: Peters Nina , Schubert Melanie , Bauer Juergen , Ghoreschi Franziska C. , Moehrle Matthias 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAufgrund der steigenden Inzidenz von Hautkrebs besteht ein dringender Bedarf an einer schnellen, zuverlässigen und kostengünstigen Therapie. Frühere Studien zeigten, dass natives Tumorgewebe und Schnittränder direkt mikroskopisch mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität untersucht werden können.ZielVergleich der Rapid Lump Examination (RLE) im Rahmen der mikrographischen Chirurgie mit formalinfixierten, paraffineingebetteten Hämatoxylin‐ und Eosin (HE)‐gefärbten Schnitten beim Nachweis von Basalzellkarzinomen (BZK).Material und Methodik382 Proben von 118 Exzidaten mit Verdacht auf BZK wurden mit RLE im Vergleich zu formalinfixierten, paraffineingebetteten HE‐gefärbten Schnitten untersucht. Für die RLE wurden die Frischgewebeproben nach einem standardisierten 60‐Sekunden‐Färbeprotokoll direkt mit einem Stereomikroskop untersucht.ErgebnisseDie RLE erreichte eine hohe, aber unzureichende diagnostische Genauigkeit im Vergleich zum Goldstandard den formalinfixierten, paraffineingebetteten, HE‐gefärbten Schnitten. Die Sensitivität betrug 76 % (95 %‐KI = [66,18 %; 84,5 %]) und die Spezifität 91 % (95 %‐KI = [86,73 %; 93,75 %]).SchlussfolgerungenDie RLE ist eine schnelle und einfache Technik für die mikroskopisch kontrollierte Chirurgie (MKC) von Basalzellkarzinomen, die jedoch Übung erfordert. Die Erfahrung des Untersuchers hatte großen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse. Die RLE verfügt über großes Potenzial, den Arbeitsablauf in der Mohs‐Chirurgie zu beschleunigen, bedarf aber weiteren Verbesserungen.
Enhanced expression of HNF4α during intestinal epithelial differentiation is involved in the activation of ER stress
Authors: Tunçer Sinem , Sade‐Memişoğlu Aslı , Keşküş Ayşe Gökçe , Sheraj Ilir , Güner Güneş , Akyol Aytekin , Banerjee Sreeparna 
Published: November 2019

Intestinal epithelial cells are derived from stem cells at the crypts that undergo differentiation into transit‐amplifying cells, which in turn form terminally differentiated enterocytes as these cells reach the villus. Extensive alterations in both transcriptional and translational programs occur during differentiation, which can induce the activation of cellular stress responses such as ER stress‐related unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, particularly in the cells that are already committed to becoming absorptive cells. Using an epithelial cell model of enterocyte differentiation, we report a mechanistic study connecting enterocyte differentiation to UPR and autophagy. We report that differentiated colon epithelial cells showed increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and activation of all three pathways of UPR: inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) compared to the undifferentiated cells. Enhanced UPR in the differentiated cells was accompanied by the induction of autophagy as evidenced by increased ratio of light chain 3 II/I, upregulation of Beclin‐1, and downregulation of p62. We show for the first time that mechanistically, the upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) during differentiation led to increased promoter binding and transcriptional upregulation of two major proteins of UPR: X‐box binding protein‐1 and ATF6, implicating HNF4α as a key regulator of UPR response during differentiation. Integrating wet‐lab with in silico analyses, the present study links differentiation to cellular stress responses, and highlights the importance of transcription factor signaling and cross‐talk between the cellular events in the regulation of intestinal cell differentiation.
Interictal Burden of Cluster Headache
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Sandor Peter S. , Schoenen Jean , Andrée Colette 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to measure the interictal burden (IIB) associated with cluster headache (CH).BackgroundCH is characterized by an alternation of excruciatingly painful attacks and pain‐free periods. Absence of pain does not necessarily imply absence of symptoms, though. Some may persist or improve more slowly than pain; others may arise in between attacks.MethodsParticipants filled out an online survey based on the EUROLIGHT questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were a reported diagnosis of CH and residency in a European country; exclusion criteria were refusal to give informed consent and to complete the questionnaire.ResultsMost of the burden was related to higher headache frequencies: ongoing symptoms despite pain freedom, impaired autonomy due to avoidance of triggers, reluctance to tell others about the disease, and the feeling of not being understood by family and friends, employers and colleagues. Irreversible, potentially accumulating burden may occur if headache frequency is high; examples are impairment of career options, relationships, and family planning issues. Worrying about future attacks and avoiding potential triggers occur independently from attack frequency and disease duration. There were no differences between the in‐bout and the out‐bout period among participants with episodic CH. Participants with chronic CH reported greater IIB.ConclusionsEven between attacks CH can have a huge and potentially irreversible impact on life. Different types of IIB were identified, all of which may contribute to the total burden of disease. As cumulative burden might be irreversible, prevention strategies need to be developed.
Extreme variation in testes size in an insect is linked to recent mating activity
Authors: Greenway E. V(Ginny) , Cirino Lauren A. , Wilner Daniela , Somjee Ummat , Anagnostou Maria‐Eleni , Hepple Russell T. , Miller Christine W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmple sperm production is essential for successful male reproduction in many species. The amount of sperm a male can produce is typically constrained by the size of his testes, which can be energetically expensive to grow and maintain. Although the economics of ejaculate allocation has been the focus of much theoretical and empirical literature, relatively little attention has been paid to individual adult variation and plasticity at the source of sperm production, the testes themselves. We experimentally address this issue using the insect Narnia femorata Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae). We established the metabolic cost of testicular tissue and then quantified variation in individual testes mass in response to multiple mate quality and quantity treatments. We uncovered extreme variation across individuals and considerable short‐term effects of mating activity on testes dry mass. Importantly, the observed variation in testes mass was associated with notable fitness consequences; females paired with males with larger testes had greater hatching success. Overall, pairing with a female resulted in a 11% reduction in dry testes mass. Despite this apparent considerable mating investment, we found no evidence of strategic allocation to higher quality females or longer‐term changes in testes mass. The dynamic nature of testes mass and its metabolic cost is vital to consider in the context of re‐mating rates, polyandry benefits and general mating system dynamics both in this species and more broadly.
Morphological and histochemical characterisation of the mucosa of the digestive tract in matrinxã Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei: Characiformes)
Authors: Vidal Mateus R. , Ruiz Thalles F. R. , dos Santos Diego D. , Gardinal Mario V. B. , de Jesus Fernando L. , Faccioli Claudemir K. , Vicentini Irene B. F. , Vicentini Carlos A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study describes anatomical, histological and histochemical features of the digestive tract mucosal layer of the matrinxã Brycon amazonicus, an omnivorous freshwater fish endemic from the Amazon basin. This species presents short thick oesophagus with longitudinal folds, that allow the passage of large food items. The mucosa is lined with a stratified secretory epithelium rich in goblet cells that secrete neutral and acid mucins. The two mucin types provide different viscosity in anterior and posterior oesophagus related to the protective and lubricant functions, respectively. The stomach is a highly distensible Y‐shaped saccular organ. Here, it is proposed that this anatomical shape plays an essential role in food storage when food availability is abundant. The stomach mucosa is composed of epithelial cells with intense neutral mucin secretion to protects against gastric juice. The intestine is slightly coiled and presents internally a complex pattern of transversal folds that increases the absorption surface and the retention time of food. Goblet cells in the intestine secrete acid and neutral mucins that lubricate the epithelium and aid in the digestive processes. In the rectum, an increase in goblet cells population occurs that may be related to better lubrication.
Nutritional and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with a history of bariatric surgery: a case series from a UK centre
Authors: Maslin K. , Douek I. , Greenslade B. , Shawe J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen with obesity who become pregnant after bariatric surgery have a reduced risk of several obstetric complications; however, limited data exist from the UK population. The present study aimed to characterise a case series of women who attended a medical antenatal clinic for pregnancy following bariatric surgery.MethodsRoutine clinical information was collected retrospectively from the medical notes of women who had bariatric surgery and subsequently delivered between January 2012 and November 2018. All were seen in the medical antenatal clinic at Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton.ResultsData were available for 46 pregnancies. Of these, 27.9% conceived in the first year after surgery. At 9 weeks of gestation, 13.3%, 28.9%, 33.3% and 24.4% were in the healthy, overweight, obese or severely obese category, respectively. Mean (SD) gestational weight gain was 11.9 (6.9) kg, with 54.1% gaining excess weight. Less than half (39.1%) of women were taking the recommended dose of 5 mg of folic acid when first seen. Some 56.1% and 64.6% had suboptimal iron or vitamin D statuses, respectively. Following advice from the clinic, a greater proportion of women took suitable micronutrient supplements. Subsequently, 93% of babies were born at full term, of whom 88% were of healthy weight.ConclusionsDespite the nutritional risks associated with bariatric surgery and the high prevalence of obesity during pregnancy, perinatal outcomes were generally positive, with low rates of infants born preterm or low birth weight. Nutritional supplementation practices and iron status improved with input from a specialist team, underlying the importance of individualised input in this population.
Nursing assessment and management of incontinence among medical and surgical adult patients in a tertiary hospital: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Trad Wafa , Flowers Kelli , Caldwell Jennifer , Sousa Mariana S. , Vigh Gia , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Gaudin Julia , Hooper Dianne , Parker Deborah 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objectives of this implementation project were to review the nursing assessment and management of adult patients with urinary and fecal incontinence, and to develop local guidelines and ward-based continence assessment tools to assist nursing staff in assessing and managing incontinence.

Introduction:
Urinary or fecal incontinence in acute care hospitals is a growing issue that can lead to constipation, depression, breakdown of skin integrity, increased nursing home placement of older patients, increased length of hospital stay, and escalated healthcare costs. In many cases, incontinence can be treated and managed effectively; however, it is poorly understood and under-prioritized in many hospital settings.

Methods:
A pre–post intervention chart audit was conducted to review compliance with 10 best-practice criteria for incontinence assessment and management. Following baseline data analysis, barriers to compliance with the criteria were identified and subsequently addressed using targeted strategies. The project utilized the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tools.

Results:
Education on continence strategies was delivered to nursing staff, which resulted in improved compliance for all audit criteria. There were notable improvements in the nursing documentation, and assessment and management of patients with urinary and/or fecal incontinence in the post-intervention analysis.

Conclusions:
The results demonstrate that nursing education and formalized assessment pathways in an acute setting can improve nursing compliance with the assessment and management of patients with either urinary or fecal incontinence to ensure safe, compassionate and person-centered care.
Numerical Simulation of Inline Arrangement of Spheroid Particles in Different Orientations
Authors: Jamil Abuzar , Uddin Emad , Zaidi Ali Abbas , Ali Zaib , Aslam Jawad , Gilani Syed Omer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The understanding of relative motion between particles of non-spherical shapes is of critical importance in many engineering and natural applications. The flow analysis and later explanation of physics can be used for designing and modification of industrial equipment. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to numerically solve two-dimensional steady fluid flow for two tandem spheroid particles. The parameters which are varied in simulations are combined effect of Reynolds number (Re), axis ratio (e), inter particle distance (S), size ratio (d2/d1) and particle orientation (α) on the flow and drag force for tandem spheroid particles. For reliability of results, domain and grid independence studies are done before performing the actual simulations. Furthermore, simulations results are also benchmarked with the available literature results and good agreement is observed. It is observed in simulations that the drag increases with the increase in size ratio. Drag force is maximum for oblate particles for an axis ratio e = 0.5 and larger inter-particle distance. For trailing prolate particles, the small inter-particle distance induces suction or negative drag. Furthermore, the negative drag on prolate particles at smaller inter-particle distance S = 2 increase with the increase in size ratio d2/d1 from 0.5 to 0.75 and negatively affects the collective drag (Cd1+Cd2). At Re = 50, the trailing particle drag Cd2 is independent with the orientation angle. The effect of orientation of leading particles is important for Re = 100 & 150. At the end of paper, the physics behind the affecting parameters on drag force is explained using inter-particle wakes and fluid structures.
Influence of Surface Irregularities on Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Couette-Taylor Flow
Authors: Gaied Lamia , Berrich Emna , Aloui Fethi , Lippert Marc , Keirsbulck Laurent , Bigerelle Maxence 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we propose an experimental study of roughness effect on hydrodynamic instabilities’ Couette-Taylor flow. During experiments, the inner cylinder rotates at a given angular velocity and the outer cylinder is maintained fix.
The main objective of the study is to highlight the geometric parameters’ effect on the flow. We mainly focused our attention on the effect of the wall roughness parameter on the appearance instabilities in the studied configuration (delay or advance in its appearance). For this purpose, a qualitative study was performed using Kalliroscope particles to visualize the instabilities. Then, we applied polarography to different types of roughness as a quantitative study. Hence, the possibility to characterize the flow regimes of the first instabilities (TVF, WVF, MWVF, and TN). The experiments have shown that surface irregularities, have an effect on the appearance of the first instabilities, which depend on the size and nature of the roughness. In fact, the surface roughness not only increases the friction on the wall, but it also greatly influences the transport of the mass and momentum in a given flow regime. The flow, therefore, undergoes more friction when the inner cylinder (in rotation) has a rough surface. This friction slows the velocity of the fluid particles; which delays the onset of instability. The movement of the particles will therefore, be dampened by the irregularities at the level of the rough surface. Moreover, the results also proved that as soon as the Couette-Taylor cells are established, the roughness is no longer a particle motion damper, but on the contrary, it promotes the continuation of the disturbance of the flow. The flow becomes then less slowdown in the hollow of the surface irregularities; which leads to less friction. For higher Taylor numbers, the study showed a faster transition from one regime to another.
Prediction of Aerodynamic Noise for Centrifugal Fan of Air-Conditioner by Tetra-Prism Grids
Authors: Iwase Taku , Sato Daiwa , Obara Hideshi , Yamade Yoshinobu , Kato Chisachi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We calculated fan performance and aerodynamic noise in the centrifugal fan of air conditioner by large eddy simulation (LES). In this study, we investigated simulation technology employing tetra-prism grids for practical usefulness. Tetraprism grids are easier to generate than hexahedral grids. We employed the numerical simulation code FrontFlow/blue (FFB) throughout the LES. First, we proposed a design method for tetra-prism grids. The design method featured a predicted boundary layer thickness that was the same as the thickness of a prism layer. Next, we compared calculated results for the 13 million grids, 107 million grids and 860 million grids to investigate the grid number influence on fan performance and aerodynamic noise. We confirmed that calculated results for larger number of grids was more accurate than smaller number of grids. We also confirmed that calculated results simulated streaks well and the number of streaks increased in the order of the increasing number of the grids. The proper simulating of the streaks therefore contributed to getting better calculated results. As a result, we confirmed that using the tetra-prism grids was practical in the actual development of fans.
Comparison of a Singularity- and an Inverse Design Method for Axial Flow Fans Based on Numerical Simulations
Authors: Theis Anika , Böhle Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this contribution two different design methods for axial flow profiles are presented. A direct method based on a singularity method (SDM) is compared with an inverse design method (IDM). For the application of the SDM a profile is used with a circular arc camber line and a thickness distribution of bisuper-ellipses. The stagger angle is adjusted in such a way that the turning of the flow on the cross section is realized. For the adjustment of the stagger angle of the cross section the fast working SDM is applied. The stagger angle is varied until the corresponding deflection angle calculated by the SDM is reached. The IDM consists of an inverse boundary layer- and an inverse potential theory method. Along the suction side the shape factor of the boundary layer is prescribed conveniently for the laminar and turbulent part. The velocity distribution at the outer edge of the boundary is calculated by an inverse boundary layer method. On the pressure side the velocity distribution is chosen in such a way that a corresponding circulation is realized for turning the flow. Finally, the whole geometry of the cascade is calculated by the inverse potential theory method.
The examination of one cross section is done numerically using the commercial RANS Solver ANSYS CFX. Low Reynolds number of approximately 4.25 × 105 and the transition from laminar to turbulent are taken into account by the transition SST model.
Gas Carry-Under in Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separator: A Mechanistic Model
Authors: Kolla Srinivas Swaroop , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gas Carry-Under (GCU) is one of the two undesirable phenomena that occur in the GLCC©,1 (Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone) separators when it operates even within the Operational Envelope (OPEN). Earlier studies have shown that maintaining a liquid level below the inlet of the GLCC under control configuration affects the GCU in GLCC. It has been identified that the tangential wall jet is the cause of gas entrainment within the GLCC and has been understood to change with liquid level maintained at the inlet. Also, it has been theorized that effective formation of the vortex formed in the lower part of the GLCC, or a stable gas core enhances the separation of gas entrained in the liquid. At present, there is no mechanistic model which captures these complex physical phenomena in the GLCC. This paper presents a newly developed mechanistic model which can predict the GCU for different flow conditions, fluid properties, and various liquid levels. The proposed model captures the various physical phenomena namely: saturated flow at the inlet, tangential wall jet phenomena, gas entrainment and vortex flow that results in separation of gas. The developed model has been compared with the extensive experimental data and is said to be in good agreement.