bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel toxicity of tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate in adult male rats
Authors: Kobayashi Shohei , Abe Kodai , Isobe Anna , Nakayama Airi , Akimoto Takahiro , Hatakeyama Taichi , Saito Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Rie , Koike Eiko , Suzuki Noriyuki , Kawaguchi Maiko , Ohta Ryo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe widespread use of tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) as a flame retardant has led to its release to the environment. Thus, the toxicological effects of TDCIPP on humans and animals are of importance. For better understanding of its potential toxicities, TDCIPP (250, 500, or 650 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control was administrated orally to adult male Wistar‐Imamichi rats for 7 days. After the final administration of compounds, organ weights, histopathology, blood biochemistry, and hematology were examined. Hepatic toxicity was observed at doses ≥ 500 mg/kg/day of TDCIPP, and renal toxicity was observed at 650 mg/kg/day. The anti‐androgenic activity of TDCIPP was previously confirmed in vitro and in vivo, but weights of epididymis, an androgen‐dependent organ, were not affected by TDCIPP treatment in adults. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in all TDCIPP‐treated rats independent of dose. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood cell count, and reticulocyte count were decreased in all TDCIPP‐treated rats, but mean corpuscular volume, total iron‐binding capacity, and serum iron were normal, suggesting that renal anemia was caused by TDCIPP. Together with previous reports on effects of anti‐androgenic substances on red blood cell indices, anemia caused by TDCIPP could be due to its anti‐androgenic activity. These considerations will contribute to further assessment of the toxicity of the compound.
Association of genetic variants in the 3′‐untranslated region of the mesothelin (MSLN) gene with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Abou‐El‐Naga Amoura M. , Abo El‐Khair Salwa M. , Mahmoud Ashraf Z. , Hamza Mohamed , Elshazli Rami M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLimited information has been offered regarding the association of mesothelin (MSLN) gene variants at the 3′‐untranslated region with the risk of ovarian carcinoma. The primary objective of this work is to assess the impact of the MSLN (rs1057147 and rs57272256) variants on the progression of ovarian carcinoma among Egyptian women. The study was conceived based on 127 women diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma and 106 unrelated cancer‐free controls. Genomic DNA of these MSLN variants was genotyped utilizing the PCR technique. The frequencies of the MSLN (rs1057147) variant revealed a significant association with increased risk of ovarian carcinoma under allelic and dominant models (P < .05). Nonetheless, ovarian cancer patients with the MSLN (rs57272256) variant did not attain considerable significance under all genetic models (P > .05). Together, our findings suggested that the MSLN (rs1057147) variant was associated with an increased risk of ovarian carcinoma, but not the MSLN (rs57272256) variant.
Do prolonged fasting periods influence the postprandial metabolic responses in turtles? What can Trachemys scripta elegans teach us about this?
Authors: de Figueiredo Aymam C. , de Carvalho José E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe postprandial period is characterized by a modification of the gastrointestinal activity after food intake, accompanied by an increase in metabolic rate, secretion of acids, and absorption of nutrients. For ectothermic vertebrates, those changes are particularly prominent given the relatively low metabolic cost and the low frequency of food uptake. However, prolonged fasting periods decrease energy reserves and may compromise the upregulation of costly processes, such as the increase in metabolic rate after resuming the meal intake. Assuming that the main source of energy needed to support such events is provided from the animal's own body reserves, our aim with this study is to test the hypothesis that the longer the period of fasting, the smaller the metabolic rate increase during the postprandial period, since lesser energy reserves trigger these increases. For this, we measured the oxygen consumption rates (V̇O2) of red‐eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, submitted to different periods of fasting (47 and 102 days), before and after the ingestion of meals equivalent to 5% of their body masses. Despite the longer fasting period, which led to a reduction of 10.77% in the body mass of the turtles, there were no differences between the two experimental groups regarding maximum V̇O2 values after food intake (V̇O2 peak), postprandial metabolic scope, mean time to V̇O2 peak, and postprandial duration. Results indicate that 102 fasting days does not compromise aerobic metabolic increase during postprandial period and does not impair digestive process of the turtles, even with a loss of body mass.
Expression of lncRNA FGD5‐AS1 correlates with poor prognosis in melanoma patients
Authors: Gao Yihong , Zhu Hongliu , Mao Qiuxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cancer origination and progression. A novel identified lncRNA, FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5‐AS1), was reported to be overexpressed in several tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of FGD5‐AS1 in melanoma and its associations with clinical prognosis in melanoma patients.MethodsThe expression levels of FGD5‐AS1 in 188 pairs of melanoma specimens and matched non‐tumor specimens were determined using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A chi‐squared test was performed to determine the relationship between FGD5‐AS1 levels and clinicopathological features. The overall survival rates of melanoma patients based on the expression of FGD5‐AS1 were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method with a log‐rank test. Finally, univariate and multivariate assays were carried out to determine whether FGD5‐AS1 was a prognostic factor in melanoma patients.ResultsWe observed that FGD5‐AS1 in melanoma specimens was distinctly up‐regulated compared to adjacent non‐tumor specimens (p < 0.01). In malignant cases, higher expression of FGD5‐AS1 was prominently associated with tumor thickness (p = 0.024) and advanced tumor stage (p = 0.039). The data from our clinical study revealed that patients with high FGD5‐AS1 expression had a distinctly shorter overall survival (p = 0.0034) and disease‐free survival (p < 0.0001) than those with low FGD5‐AS1 expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high FGD5‐AS1 expression may serve as a potential independent prognostic factor in melanoma.ConclusionsFGD5‐AS1 may act as a prognostic predictor and a possible drug‐target for melanoma patients.
Perceived supplier opportunism in outsourcing relationships in emerging economies
Authors: Skowronski Keith , Benton W. C. , Hill James A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile opportunism has been a focus of transaction cost economics, perceived opportunism, where one party is perceived to be acting opportunistically when there is no opportunistic intent, can also lead to increased transaction costs in an exchange. In this study, consistent with forms of opportunism observed in our context of manufacturing outsourcing, we examine two different forms of perceived opportunism—perceived poaching and shirking. As narratives of the hidden costs of outsourcing discuss concerns of suppliers in emerging economies engaging in poaching and shirking, we examine if the level of economic development where a supplier operates affects perceptions of supplier poaching and shirking and also examine if the supplier's competitive priorities moderate those perceptions. To empirically test these relationships, we combine archival data of location characteristics with a dyadic primary dataset that captures perceived supplier opportunism, self‐reported supplier opportunism, and other relationship characteristics. Our findings illustrate that perceived opportunism and opportunism are distinct constructs and that more observable forms of opportunism (i.e., shirking) affect perceived opportunism more than less observable forms of opportunism (i.e., poaching). We also find that, in existing relationships, manufacturers in advanced economies perceive poaching to be more strongly related to the level of economic development where a supplier operates than shirking. Finally, we find that while a cost focus can mitigate perceptions of poaching, an innovation focus exacerbates them. Overall, our study illustrates the challenges that innovation‐focused suppliers in emerging economies face in regards to competing with suppliers in advanced economies.
Clinical and patient‐centered outcomes using two types of subepithelial connective tissue grafts: A split‐mouth randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , Eustachio Ricardo Rabelo , de Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo , Sant'ana Adriana Campos Passanezi , Damante Carla Andreotti , Greghi Sebastião Luiz Aguiar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis split‐mouth randomized clinical trial compared two different types of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) considering clinical parameters and patient‐centered outcomes in patients with bilateral recession type 1 multiple gingival recessions after 6 months postoperatively.MethodsA total of 21 patients were surgically treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) associated with SCTG harvested by: double blade scalpel (DBS) and de‐epithelialized (DE) SCTG. Periodontal clinical parameters and esthetics were evaluated by a calibrated periodontist at baseline and after 6 months. Patient‐centered outcomes related to pain/discomfort and esthetics were assessed with visual analogue scale after 7 days and 6 months, respectively.ResultsAll clinical parameters, with the exception of probing depth, demonstrated differences in intragroup evaluation, comparing baseline to 6‐month evaluation (P <0.05). Both groups presented reduction of recession depth and recession width and gain of keratinized tissue thickness, keratinized tissue width, and clinical attachment level (P <0.05). Intergroup comparison (DBS × DE) demonstrated no significant differences considering clinical parameters and periods. Both techniques improved esthetics evaluated by patients, without a difference between groups in patients and professional analysis. However, DBS group presented inferior pain/discomfort compared with DE (P <0.05).ConclusionDBS and DE associated with CAF presented satisfactory clinical outcomes. However, DBS presented inferior morbidity, an important fact for decision‐making process.
Clinical sequelae and patients’ perception of dental implant removal: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Monje Alberto , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA cross‐sectional study was designed to shed light on the clinical sequelae and patient satisfaction after dental implant removal (IR).MethodsPatients undergoing ≥1 IRs were eligible. The reasons for implant failure, clinical and radiological parameters before and after IR, and the surgical and prosthetic treatments offered after IR was assessed. Patient satisfaction was recorded and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)‐14 was used to document patient self‐reported dysfunction and discomfort attributed to IR. Lastly, patient expectations after IR were also evaluated.ResultsThirty‐one patients with 45 implants were analyzed. Peri‐implantitis was the main reason for IR (64.5%). The average implant survival time before IR was 120.3 ± 88.2 months. Signs of infection (51.7%) and bleeding on probing (37.5%) were common signs detected at the time of IR. Guided bone regeneration was the intervention most commonly applied simultaneously to IR (74.1%). The reported degree of satisfaction was high, and the overall OHIP‐14 score was low. However, a certain patient reluctance to undergo future implant placement in the same clinic or with the same professional was recorded, and a statistically significant increase in adherence to the implant maintenance routine was observed after IR.ConclusionsPeri‐implantitis is the leading cause for IR. Guided bone regeneration is commonly applied to attenuate the clinical sequelae of IR. Nonetheless, IR does not seem to affect patients’ satisfaction nor their quality of life, though a certain patient reluctance to undergo future implant placement in the same clinic or with the same professional was reported.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental and climatic history of a freshwater paramo ecosystem in the northern Andes
Authors: Patiño Luisa , Velez Maria Isabel , Weber Marion , Velásquez‐r César A. , David Santiago , Rueda Manuela , Castañeda Ivonne , Arboleda Diana 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first multi‐proxy palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic history for northern South America based on the palaeolimnological reconstruction of a pond located in a dry paramo at 3570 masl. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the study area was under glacial conditions, then during global events Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), Bølling–Allerød (BA), and the Younger Dryas (YD), the pond expanded, accumulation rates and proxies for erosion reached the highest values, indicative of humid conditions, with maxima in humidity during the BA and YD. Dry conditions and pond desiccation occurred in the Greenlandian–Northgrippian and by 6010 cal a bp the area was transformed into the mire of today. Comparisons with records from other sites in South America indicate that changes in humidity are most likely controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone, mainly during the glacial and postglacial, and by changes in the Pacific Ocean, more pronounced after the YD.
Predictive significance of tumor budding in postoperative liver metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Lu Yuanxiang , Li Wensen , Mu Senmao , Tao Lianyuan , Yan Guoyi , Xiao Erwei , Wang Liancai , Li Deyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are considered indolent tumors, nearly half of cases metastasize to the liver, which can be lethal. However, effective indicators to predict aggressive behavior have not been well‐established.MethodsIn the current study, we explored the prognostic significance of tumor budding in Grade 1–2 PNETs. Hematoxylin‐eosin and immunohistochemically stained slides of surgically removed Grade 1–2 PNETs were evaluated.ResultsTumor budding, a histomorphological parameter that corresponds to single cells or small cell clusters (<5 cells), was classified as low (0–10 buds) and high (>10 buds) grade. We observed that tumor budding was correlated with aggressive histopathological parameters, such as T stage, lymph node status, metastasis, and vascular invasion (p < .05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high‐grade budding was an independent predictive factor for postoperative liver metastasis (p = .012). Moreover, Grade 1–2 PNETs with high‐grade budding was associated with worse overall survival and disease‐free survival (p = .0015 and p = .0041, respectively).ConclusionsWe conclude that tumor budding may serve as a valuable parameter in the risk stratification of postoperative liver metastasis and that incorporating tumor budding into histopathological reports may aid in appropriate clinical management.
Electrodeposition of poly‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐graphene oxide nanocomposite in a stainless steel tube for solid‐phase microextraction of letrozole in plasma samples
Authors: Ramezani Amir M. , Yamini Yadollah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoated stainless steel was used as an in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for the extraction of letrozole from plasma samples. The coating process on the inner surface of the stainless steel was conducted by a simple electrodeposition process. The coated composite was prepared from 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene and graphene oxide. In this composite, graphene oxide acts as an anion dopant and sorbent. The coated nanostructured polymer was characterized using different techniques. The operational factors affecting the extraction process, including pH, adsorption, and desorption time, the recycling flow rate of the sample solution, sample volume, desorption solvent type and its volume, and ionic strength were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the analyte. The total extraction time including adsorption and desorption steps was about 15.0 min. The developed method demonstrated a linear range of 5.0–1500.0 μg/L with a limit of detection of 1.0 μg/L. The repeatability of the developed extraction approach in terms of intraday, interday, and fiber to fiber was attained in the range of 4.9–8.3%. After finding the optimal conditions, the potential of the described approach for letrozole quantitation was investigated in plasma samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.
Soil organic carbon stocks in an investigated watershed transect linked to ecological restoration practices on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Huang Yanzhang , Xin Zhongbao , Hou Jian , Li Zongshan , Yang Lei , Yuan Hedi , Majid Abdul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLager scale ecological restoration practices are increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Meta‐analysis is by far the most widely applied technique for describing SOC at large spatial scales, but there is a lack of field‐based investigations on a series of individual watersheds. In this study, a watershed transect of six watersheds distributed in a hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau was investigated in order to achieve sustainable practices. The results indicate that ecological restoration practices significantly increased SOC stocks to varying degrees (p < 0.05). Grasslands were associated with the largest SOC stocks (39.42 ± 22.21 t hm−2), which were larger than the SOC stocks of artificial immature forest (<20 years) (26.58 ± 14.32 t hm−2) in the 50 cm soil profile. However, in the long term, afforestation seems to increase SOC stocks to the level of secondary forest, 81.15 ± 4.69 t hm−2, in a suitable environment. Appropriate land use management is also an effective approach to improving soil C sequestration capacity. SOC stocks were measured as 34.11 ± 7.66 t hm−2 in abandoned terraced farmland, which was similar to the grassland SOC stocks. Soil and plant factors contributed approximately 60% to the variation in the spatial distribution of SOC stocks at 0–50 cm; their contributions increased and diminished with increasing soil depth, respectively. This study indicates naturally restored grassland and engineering practices are suitable on the Loess Plateau by investigating a watershed transect and enhances our understanding of the comprehensive contributions of environmental factors to the spatial distribution of SOC stocks on a large spatial scale.
Topical Delivery of Nivolumab, a Therapeutic Antibody, by Fractional Laser and Pneumatic Injection
Authors: Christensen Rikke L. , Omland Silje H. , Persson Daniel P. , Husted Søren , Hædersdal Merete , Olesen Uffe H. 
Published: September 2020

Background and ObjectivesPD‐L1 is a tumor ligand that binds to the PD‐1 receptor on immune cells, thereby inhibiting the antitumor immune response. The antibody nivolumab is a PD‐1 inhibitor, Food and Drug Administration approved for systemic treatment of several aggressive cancer types. Topically applied nivolumab may hold potential as a future strategy to treat keratinocyte cancer, but its molecular properties preclude unassisted topical uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate uptake and biodistribution of topically delivered nivolumab, assisted by two physical enhancement techniques with different delivery kinetics; ablative fractional laser (AFL) and electronically controlled pneumatic injection (EPI).Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn vitro porcine skin was exposed to CO2AFL (20 mJ/mb, 5% density), followed by passive diffusion of nivolumab in a Franz cell (1 mg/ml, 18 hours,n = 6) or treated with EPI (4 bar) for immediate delivery of nivolumab (1 mg/ml, 10 minutes,n = 6). The resulting nivolumab skin concentrations were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at three skin depths (100, 500, and 1500 µm), comparing the uptake from assisted delivery with intact skin. Biodistribution of nivolumab in the skin for all interventions was visualized by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsDelivery of nivolumab by AFL‐assisted passive diffusion and immediate EPI both resulted in significantly enhanced uptake of nivolumab in all skin depths compared with intact skin (P < 0.05). With AFL, nivolumab concentrations reached 86.3 µg/cm3(100 µm), 105.8 µg/cm3(500 µm), and 19.3 µg/cm3(1500 µm), corresponding to 2–10% of the applied concentration, with the highest deposition in the mid dermis. Immediate EPI delivered 429.4 µg/cm3(100 µm), 584.9 µg/cm3(500 µm), and 295.9 µg/cm3(1500 µm) into the skin, corresponding to 29–58% of the applied nivolumab concentration. From qualitative visualization of the biodistribution, it appeared that nivolumab distributed in a horizontal and continuous homogenous band in the upper and mid dermis through AFL‐exposed skin, whereas EPI‐delivery showed a deep focal deposition extending into the deep dermis.ConclusionsAFL‐assisted passive diffusion and immediate EPI‐assisted delivery show the potential to deliver therapeutic antibodies locally. Futurein vivoand pharmacokinetic studies would reveal the full potential for topical antibody delivery by energy‐based devices. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Feeling red lucky? The interplay between color and luck in gambling settings
Authors: Pontes Nicolas , Williams Laura Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the color red on gambling behavior, as influenced by feeling lucky and cultural background. Four experiments examine how risk‐taking choices and gambling behaviors are affected. Study 1A and 1B establish the red risk‐aversion effect in gambling decision making and responses to a gambling app advert. Studies 2 and 3 test the moderating effect of feeling lucky and cultural background, respectively. The authors provide empirical evidence to the effect of red color on risk aversion. In general, people make more risk averse choices, gambling less and less often when primed with the color red over other colors. Boundary conditions are identified in feeling lucky and cultural backgrounds, such that when participants feel lucky or are from Asian Chinese backgrounds the effect is reversed and they take more risks when primed with the color red. This study highlights the importance of color in managing the interaction between consumers and gambling contexts.
Comparison of efficiency among different techniques to avoid order reduction with Strang splitting
Authors: Alonso‐Mallo Isaías , Cano Begoña , Reguera Nuria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we offer a comparison in terms of computational efficiency between two techniques to avoid order reduction when using Strang method to integrate nonlinear initial boundary value problems with time‐dependent boundary conditions. We see that it is important to consider an exponential method for the integration of the linear nonhomogeneous and stiff part in the technique by Einkemmer et al. so that the latter is comparable in efficiency with that suggested by Alonso et al. Some other advantages of the technique suggested by Alonso et al. are stated in the conclusions.