bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and change over time of weight and BMI among adolescents and adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: a 6-month text-based observational study
Authors: Vrana-Diaz Caroline J. , Balasubramanian Priya , Kayadjanian Nathalie , Bohonowych Jessica , Strong Theresa V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which hyperphagia (excessive appetite) is a hallmark feature. Understanding how weight changes over time in this population is important for capturing the contemporary natural history of the disorder as well as assessing the impact of new treatments for hyperphagia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the feasibility of a remote assessment of weight change over time in PWS.

Methods
We developed a text message-based, prospective cohort study of adolescents and adults with PWS to assess changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) over a six-month period. Weight was collected weekly, while changes in height, living situation, access to food, activity level, and medication were collected at three-month intervals.

Results
One hundred and sixty-five participants enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 19.7 years (range 12–48). There was considerable variability in weight across participants (range: 76.8–207.7 kg). Thirty-three percent of the participants were normal weight, while 15% were overweight and 52% were obese. Overall, the weight of the study participants increased over the study period (mean weight change + 2.35%), while BMI was relatively stable, albeit high (mean BMI of 31.4 at baseline, mean BMI percent change + 1.42%). Changes in living situation, activity, food access, and medication had limited impact on weight and BMI changes. Multivariable analysis found that time, sex, age, and percentage of life on growth hormone (GH) therapy were statistically significant fixed effects. Participants submitted more than 95% of possible weight data points across the 26 weeks of the study.

Conclusions
This remote, observational study of weight change in PWS showed small increases in weight and BMI over a six-month period. Participants were highly compliant with this text message-based study, suggesting that mobile technology-based data collection was manageable for the participants. We anticipate that the results of this study will inform clinical trials for hyperphagia/obesity related therapies in PWS and provide a basis for understanding the efficacy of new therapies for hyperphagia in the real-world setting.
Pediatric otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report and a literature review
Authors: Castellazzi Massimo Luca , di Pietro Giada Maria , Gaffuri Michele , Torretta Sara , Conte Giorgio , Folino Francesco , Aleo Sebastiano , Bosis Samantha , Marchisio Paola 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute mastoiditis, one of the most common pediatric infectious diseases. Due to its subtle clinical presentation, suspicion is essential for a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Unfortunately, no standard treatment options are available. To discuss the possible clinical presentation, microbiology, and management, we here report the case of a child with otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and perform a literature review starting from 2011.

Case presentation
The child, a 10-months-old male, presented clinical signs of right acute otitis media and mastoiditis. Brain computed tomography scan detected right sigmoid and transverse sinus thrombosis, as well as a subperiosteal abscess. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Haemophilus Influentiae were detected on cultural sampling. A multidisciplinary approach along with a combination of medical and surgical therapy allowed the patient’s full recovery.

Conclusion
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare but severe complication of acute otitis media and mastoiditis. The management of this pathological condition is always challenging and an interdisciplinary approach is frequently required. Current therapeutic options include a combination of medical and surgical therapy. A patient-centered approach should guide timing and treatment management.
LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis through regulating miR-18b-5p/SORBS2 axis and NF-ĸB pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Jie Ran , Zhu Pengpeng , Zhong Jiao , Zhang Yan , Wu Hongyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
It has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our study aims to research the function of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in DN cells and the molecular mechanism.

Methods
Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) and human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were cultured in high glucose (30 mM) condition as models of DN cells. KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) and miR-18b-5p levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA and protein levels of Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 (SORBS2), Type IV collagen (Col-4), fibronectin (FN), transcriptional regulatory factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Twist, NF-κB and STAT3 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for selecting the proper concentration of glucose treatment. Additionally, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assay were employed to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The targets of KCNQ1OT1 was predicted by online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results
KCNQ1OT1 and SORBS2 were elevated in DN. Both knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 and silencing of SORBS2 restrained proliferation and fibrosis and induced apoptosis in DN cells. Besides, Overexpression of SORBS2 restored the KCNQ1OT1 knockdown-mediate effects on proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis in DN cells. In addition, miR-18b-5p served as a target of KCNQ1OT1 as well as targeted SORBS2. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown repressed NF-ĸB pathway.

Conclusion
KCNQ1OT1 regulated DN cells proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis via KCNQ1OT1/miR-18b-5p/SORBS2 axis and NF-ĸB pathway.
Efficient direct shoot organogenesis and genetic stability in micropropagated sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)
Authors: Restrepo-Osorio Catalina , Gil-Correal Alejandro , Chamorro-Gutiérrez Lina , Ramírez-Ríos Viviana , Álvarez Javier C. , Villanueva-Mejía Diego 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
It is necessary to improve biotech platforms based on in vitro cell tissue culture to support sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) research programs and draw on the nutritional value of the high polyunsaturated fatty acid content of its oilseed. Here, we developed a rapid and efficient method for induction and direct in vitro shoot development for this species.

Results
Shoots were generated from hypocotyl explants. The highest organogenic response was obtained in woody plant medium supplemented with 1 mg/L thidiazuron and 0.5 mg/L zeatin supplemented with L-glutamine, adenine hemisulfate, and L-arginine. Shoots obtained using this medium were transferred and subcultivated with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid for rooting. For the first time, a histological analysis was performed supporting direct organogenic development in this species. The plantlets obtained were transferred ex vitro with a survival percentage of 80%. The genetic stability of the plants recovered was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. All results indicate that it would be possible to stimulate direct shoot formation from hypocotyls to support the sustainable use of this species.
Artificial immune network clustering based on a cultural algorithm
Authors: Deng Liyuan , Yang Ping , Liu Weidong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractData mining technology has been applied in many fields. Prototype-based cluster analysis is an important data mining method, but its ability to discover knowledge is limited because of the need to know the number of target data categories and cluster prototypes in advance. Artificial immune evolutionary network clustering is a clustering method based on network structure. Compared with prototype-based cluster analysis, it has the advantage of realizing unsupervised learning and clustering without any prior knowledge of data. However, artificial immune evolutionary network clustering also has problems such as a lack of guidance in the clustering process, fuzzy boundary sensitivity, and difficulty in determining parameters. To solve these problems, an artificial immune network clustering algorithm based on a cultural algorithm is proposed. First, three kinds of knowledge are constructed: normative knowledge is used to regulate the spatial range of population initialization to avoid blindness; state knowledge is used to distinguish the type of antigen, and immune defense measures are taken to prevent the network structure caused by noise and boundaries from being unclear; and topology knowledge is used to guide the antigen for optimal antibody search. Second, topology knowledge in the cultural algorithm is used to characterize the distribution of antigens and antibodies in space, and elite learning is used to improve the traditional clone mutation operator. Based on the shadow set theory, a method for adaptively determining the compression threshold is proposed. Finally, the results of simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively overcome the above problems, and the clustering performances on a synthetic dataset and an actual dataset are satisfactory.
General decay synchronization of delayed BAM neural networks with reaction–diffusion terms
Authors: Mahemuti Rouzimaimaiti , Halik Azhar , Abdurahman Abdujelil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, general decay synchronization of delayed bidirectional associative memory neural networks with reaction–diffusion terms is studied. First, a useful lemma is introduced to determine the general decay synchronization of considered systems. Furthermore, a type of nonlinear controller is designed. Then, some sufficient conditions are obtained to insure the general decay synchronization of the drive–response systems via using Lyapunov functional method and Poincaré inequality. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are evaluated by giving one numerical example. The exponential synchronization, polynomial synchronization, and some other types of synchronization can be seen as special cases of the general decay synchronization.
Influence of heritability on occlusal traits: a systematic review of studies in twins
Authors: Santana Lucas Garcia , Flores-Mir Carlos , Iglesias-Linares Alejandro , Pithon Matheus Melo , Marques Leandro Silva 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and provide a current literature about the influence of heritability on the determination of occlusal traits.

Materials and methods
MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched without restrictions up to March 2020. Studies with twin method were considered and the risk of bias assessment was performed using quality of genetic association studies checklist (Q-Genie). The coefficient of heritability (h2), model-fitting approaches, and coefficient correlation were used to estimate the genetic/environmental influence on occlusal traits. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results
Ten studies met the eligibility criteria. Three studies presented good quality, five moderate quality, and two poor quality. Most studies have found that the intra-arch traits, mainly the maxillary arch morphology, such as width (h2 16–100%), length (h2 42–100%), and shape (h2 42–90%), and the crowding, mainly for mandibular arch (h2 35–81%), are under potential heritability influence. The traits concerning the inter-arch relationship, as overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, and sagittal molar relation, seem not to be genetically determined. The certainty of the evidence was graded as low for all outcomes.

Conclusions
Although weak, the available evidence show that the heritability factors are determinant for the intra-arch traits, namely, arch morphology and crowding. Possibly due they are functionally related, the occlusal traits concerning the maxillary and mandibular relationship seem to have environmental factors as determinants. In this scenario, early preventive approaches can offer a more effective and efficient orthodontic treatment.
Low levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes in immunosuppressive phase of sepsis is associated with mortality in septic patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Jiajun , Tang Manli , Yi Chengla , Gao Wei , Bai Xiangjun , Li Zhanfei , Yang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, sepsis is still a major public health issue. Recently, CD100 and its receptor in the immune system CD72 were shown to play a major role in immune regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical correlations of CD72 and CD100 on circulating lymphocytes of septic patients.MethodsIn total, 24 healthy controls and 54 septic patients were enrolled in this study. Considering the focus of the current study was on the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, blood samples of patients were collected at days 3–4 after the onset of sepsis. The levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry and serum IL-6, IL-10, and immunoglobulin M levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsOur results showed that the levels of CD100 expression on T cells and CD72 expression on B cells were significantly lower in septic patients. Similarly, a significant decrease in the expression levels of CD72 and CD100 was observed in non-survivors compared with survivors. In addition, the reduction of immunoglobulin M levels and lymphocyte counts were correlated with the low CD72 and CD100 expression levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of CD100+/CD8+T cells and CD72+/CD19+B cells were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in septic patients. Simultaneously, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combination of the percentage of CD100+/CD8+T cells and sequential organ failure assessment score had the best predictive value of mortality risk.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the decrease of the levels of CD72 and CD100 expression on circulating lymphocytes after 3–4 days of sepsis had a close correlation of the 28-day mortality of septic patients. Thus, CD72 and CD100 are promising biomarkers for assessing the prognosis of patients with sepsis.Trial registrationPeripheral blood lymphocytes analysis detects CD72 and CD100 alteration in trauma patients; ChiCTR1900026367; Registered 4 October 2019;http://www.chictr.org.cn.
3D flame reconstruction and error calculation from a schlieren projection
Authors: Alvarez-Herrera C. , Herrera-Aguilar J. L. , Moreno-Hernández D. , Contreras-García A. V. , Murillo-Ramírez J. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work a 3D flame reconstruction is performed from a 2D projection of the hot gases of a combustion flame. The projection is obtained using an optical schlieren technique. In this technique, a schlieren image is integrated linearly to obtain the hot gases, and then, a temperature field. Each row of the matrix representing the temperature distribution is fitted with a specific function, and its respective error is calculated. In this way, the projected matrix can be represented with the fitted functions. As a result of the procedure used in this research, a slice of the flame is obtained by assuming a cylindrical symmetry of it and multiplying the fitted function by itself. Finally, it was evaluated the mean error in calculations of temperature intensity in the flame under the cylindrical symmetry assumption obtaining an accuracy of 96% which validates the efficiency of our method.
Depth-dependent EBIC microscopy of radial-junction Si micropillar arrays
Authors: Powell Kaden M. , Yoon Heayoung P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent advances in fabrication have enabled radial-junction architectures for cost-effective and high-performance optoelectronic devices. Unlike a planar PN junction, a radial-junction geometry maximizes the optical interaction in the three-dimensional (3D) structures, while effectively extracting the generated carriers via the conformal PN junction. In this paper, we report characterizations of radial PN junctions that consist of p-type Si micropillars created by deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) and an n-type layer formed by phosphorus gas diffusion. We use electron-beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy to access the 3D junction profile from the sidewall of the pillars. Our EBIC images reveal uniform PN junctions conformally constructed on the 3D pillar array. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations and EBIC modeling, we estimate local carrier separation/collection efficiency that reflects the quality of the PN junction. We find the EBIC efficiency of the pillar array increases with the incident electron beam energy, consistent with the EBIC behaviors observed in a high-quality planar PN junction. The magnitude of the EBIC efficiency of our pillar array is about 70% at 10 kV, slightly lower than that of the planar device (≈ 81%). We suggest that this reduction could be attributed to the unpassivated pillar surface and the unintended recombination centers in the pillar cores introduced during the DRIE processes. Our results support that the depth-dependent EBIC approach is ideally suitable for evaluating PN junctions formed on micro/nanostructured semiconductors with various geometry.
Prefilled Cyclic Olefin Sterilized Syringes of Norepinephrine Injection Solution Do Not Need to Be Stabilized by Antioxidants
Authors: Larmené- Beld Karin H. M. , van Berkel Stefan , Wijnsma Rommert , Taxis Katja , Frijlink Henderik W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNorepinephrine is a potent α-sympathomimetic drug which plays an important role in the acute treatment of hypotension and shock. Commercially available norepinephrine solutions contain sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) as an antioxidant. However, prefilled cyclic olefin polymer syringes are not compatible with sodium metabisulfite. The aim of this study was to develop a new formulation of 0.1-mg/mL norepinephrine solution without sodium metabisulfite which is chemically stable and sterile and can be stored in prefilled polymer syringes. Formulation studies were performed with 0.1-mg/mL norepinephrine solution with 0, 0.05, or 0.1% ascorbic acid added as antioxidant. The syringes were filled under nitrogen gassing, stored at 20 ± 5°C, and protected from daylight. Based on the formulation test results, the final formulation was defined and stability testing at 20 ± 5°C was performed measuring norepinephrine concentration, pH, clarity, color of the solution, subvisible particles, and sterility at time intervals up to 12 months. The norepinephrine concentrations at t = 22 weeks were 100.4%, 95.4%, and 92.2% for the formulations with no ascorbic acid and with 0.05% and 0.10% ascorbic acid, respectively. Three batches for the stability study were produced containing norepinephrine, sodium edetate, sodium chloride, and water for injections filled under nitrogen gassing and stored at 20 ± 5°C. Norepinephrine concentrations were respectively 98.8%, 98.6%, and 99.3% for batches 1, 2, and 3 at t = 12 months. It can be concluded that norepinephrine (0.1 mg/mL) solution without metabisulfite is stable for at least 12 months at room temperature when protected from daylight.
Composite Nanoarchitectonics: Alginate Beads Encapsulating Sepiolite/Magnetite/Prussian Blue for Removal of Cesium Ions from Water
Authors: Boukhalfa Nadia , Darder Margarita , Boutahala Mokhtar , Aranda Pilar , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Multicomponent sepiolite/magnetite/Prussian blue (PB) were prepared following the nanoarchitectonics approach by incorporating PB pigment to sepiolite fibers previously assembled with magnetite, being later encapsulated within in situ formed calcium alginate beads. These composites were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques, showing homogeneous dispersion of the assembled nanoparticles (NP) on the surface of sepiolite fibers, the formed Ca-alginate beads exhibiting stability and superparamagnetic response. Based on the affinity of PB toward cesium ions, these beads were tested as selective adsorbent to remove Cs+ from water under different experimental conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the beads for Cs+ ions determined by Langmuir equation was around 130 mg/g. The resulting beads maintain a constant adsorption capacity over a large domain of pH, i.e. from 4 to 11. The mechanism of Cs+ removal could be mainly ascribed to the complexing ability of PB, although in minor extent also to cation-exchange properties of sepiolite as well as to interactions with residual carboxylic groups from the alginate biopolymer matrix. The resulting multicomponent composite can be considered as an efficient, economic, ecologic and easily recoverable adsorbent for the removal of Cs+ ions from solution, including radioactive 137Cs, and therefore contributing to environmental remediation of pollution caused in nuclear plants.
Modifiable factors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Kaouk Lisa , Hsu Amy T. , Tanuseputro Peter , Jessri Mahsa 
Published: September 2020

Background: Although bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, weight regain may still occur. While non-modifiable factors associated with weight regain have been explored, modifiable factors responsible for weight regain are understudied. This scoping review aimed to identify modifiable behaviors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) and Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition (PEN) which included articles published between January 1990 and February 2 2017, for studies examining “weight regain” after bariatric surgery. A total of 293 citations were retrieved. Eligible articles must have examined modifiable factors and addressed weight regain, or a long-term post-operative phase in which weight regain may occur. After removing duplicates, 22 studies were included for thematic analysis.Results: Key modifiable factors associated with weight regain were identified and categorized under the following themes: poor dietary adherence (e.g. excessive calorie, carbohydrate, and alcohol intake), maladaptive eating behaviors (e.g. grazing, binging), lack of on-going follow-up with the bariatric team and insufficient physical activity.Conclusions: Health professionals and self-monitoring tools for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery may benefit from these findings to direct their education and interventions to target behavior change.