bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does repeated dry sauna bathing change thermoregulation process in elite cross-country skiers?
Authors: Drzazga Z. , Binek M. , Pokora I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a series of ten finnish dry sauna bathing on skin temperature following exercise test for elite cross-country skiers and test, if the regular sauna baths induce any changes in physiological or haematological parameters in elite athletes. Ten elite cross-country skiers (21.7 ± 3.1 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.025 m, body mass: 71.06 ± 4.77 kg) participated in this study. They performed two continuous exercise tests, before and after a series of ten sauna baths. During experiment, the superficial temperature distributions, physiological and haematological parameters were measured. The marked temperature drop was visible in upper body and smaller in lower part of body after exercise test. 10 min after experimental exercise test slow return of the skin temperature to pre-workout values was observed in lower limbs unlike upper part of body. Results of this study indicated that passive induced heat acclimation have a moderate, positive effect (above 2%) on plasma volume and a small impact on physiological and temperature responses to exercise in elite athletes. We conclude that ten finnish dry sauna baths can induce weak changes in the superficial temperature distributions following exercise test, a certain decrease in resting heart rate and small increase in plasma volume in the elite cross-country skiers.
GmNAP1 is essential for trichome and leaf epidermal cell development in soybean
Authors: Tang Kuanqiang , Yang Suxin , Feng Xingxing , Wu Tao , Leng Jiantian , Zhou Huangkai , Zhang Yaohua , Yu Hui , Gao Jinshan , Ma Jingjing , Feng Xianzhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Key message
Map-based cloning revealed that two novel soybean distorted trichome mutants were due to loss function of GmNAP1 gene, which affected the trichome morphology and pavement cell ploidy by regulating actin filament assembly.

Abstract
Trichomes increase both biotic and abiotic stress resistance in soybean. In this study, Gmdtm1-1 and Gmdtm1-2 mutants with shorter trichomes and bigger epidermal pavement cells were isolated from an ethyl methylsulfonate mutagenized population. Both of them had reduced plant height and smaller seeds. Map-based cloning and bulked segregant analysis identified that a G-A transition at the 3ʹ boundary of the sixth intron of Glyma.20G019300 in the Gmdtm1-1 mutant and another G-A transition mutation at the 5ʹ boundary of the fourteenth intron of Glyma.20G019300 in Gmdtm1-2; these mutations disrupted spliceosome recognition sites creating truncated proteins. Glyma.20G019300 encodes a Glycine max NCK-associated protein 1 homolog (GmNAP1) in soybean. Further analysis revealed that the GmNAP1 involved in actin filament assembling and genetic information processing pathways during trichome and pavement cell development. This study shows that GmNAP1 plays an important role in soybean growth and development and agronomic traits.
“An artistic rather than a scientific achievement”: Frege and the Poeticality of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Bremer Józef 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article I explore some implications of the correspondence that went on between Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) and the logician and mathematician Gottlob Frege (1848–1925). Part of this exchange was focused on the envisaged publication of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and on the philosophical or literary character of that work. The problem discussed concerned the question of whether the Tractatus should be seen not as a scientific but as an artistic achievement. My first goal is to present what, given Frege’s writings, his phrase “an artistic rather than a scientific achievement” could be understood to mean in terms of the Tractatus itself. Secondly, I seek to determine the extent to which traces of Frege’s understanding of such terms as “mock thoughts,” “fiction,” “elucidation,” “paintings” and “colouring” are to be found in the language of the Tractatus. This should then make it possible to show how Wittgenstein’s work, viewed from a Fregean perspective, can be seen as furnishing a logic and semantics not only for the languages of logic and natural science, but also for something that is “an artistic rather than a scientific achievement”, while also indicating that the content of the Tractatus as a whole could not have been captured independently of the unified form Wittgenstein himself gave it.
Learning from irregularly sampled data for endomicroscopy super-resolution: a comparative study of sparse and dense approaches
Authors: Szczotka Agnieszka Barbara , Shakir Dzhoshkun Ismail , Ravì Daniele , Clarkson Matthew J. , Pereira Stephen P. , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables performing an optical biopsy via a probe. pCLE probes consist of multiple optical fibres arranged in a bundle, which taken together generate signals in an irregularly sampled pattern. Current pCLE reconstruction is based on interpolating irregular signals onto an over-sampled Cartesian grid, using a naive linear interpolation. It was shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) could improve pCLE image quality. Yet classical CNNs may be suboptimal in regard to irregular data.

Methods
We compare pCLE reconstruction and super-resolution (SR) methods taking irregularly sampled or reconstructed pCLE images as input. We also propose to embed a Nadaraya–Watson (NW) kernel regression into the CNN framework as a novel trainable CNN layer. We design deep learning architectures allowing for reconstructing high-quality pCLE images directly from the irregularly sampled input data. We created synthetic sparse pCLE images to evaluate our methodology.

Results
The results were validated through an image quality assessment based on a combination of the following metrics: peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity index. Our analysis indicates that both dense and sparse CNNs outperform the reconstruction method currently used in the clinic.

Conclusion
The main contributions of our study are a comparison of sparse and dense approach in pCLE image reconstruction. We also implement trainable generalised NW kernel regression as a novel sparse approach. We also generated synthetic data for training pCLE SR.
Pädagogische Konzeptionen von Kindertageseinrichtungen – Deskription eines pädagogischen Instruments
Authors: Kuger Susanne , Becker Birgit , Spieß C. Katharina 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungSowohl die Praxisliteratur zum Einrichtungsmanagement als auch der Gesetzgeber sehen pädagogische Konzeptionen als ein probates Mittel zur Steuerung der Qualität von Kindertageseinrichtungen. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte 583 Kita-Konzeptionen von Einrichtungen aus ganz Deutschland mithilfe eines neu entwickelten Codierschemas und quantitativen Analysemethoden. Im Zentrum stehen zwei Fragen: erstens inwiefern Qualitätsmerkmale in den Dokumenten zu finden sind und zweitens, ob Rahmenbedingungen der Einrichtungen, die zu besserer Qualität in diesen führen sollten, mit ausgewählten Konzeptionsmerkmalen zusammenhängen. Die ausgewerteten Dimensionen umfassen Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung, der Elternkooperation sowie Kooperationen im sozialen Nahraum. Die Konzeptionen stammen von Einrichtungen, in die Kinder der SOEP- und der TwinLife-Studien gingen. Die Dokumente erweisen sich sowohl hinsichtlich formaler als auch inhaltlicher Merkmale als sehr heterogen und können nur teilweise die in der öffentlichen und fachlichen Debatte formulierten Erwartungen erfüllen. Weniger formalisierte und einfache Formen der Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung (z. B. Teamsitzungen) sowie der Kooperationen mit Eltern (z. B. Tür-und-Angel-Gespräche) sind häufiger dokumentiert als stärker formalisierte oder aufwändiger zu gestaltende Formen (z. B. externe Evaluationen). Bivariate Analysen nach Bundesland‑, Gemeinde- und Trägertypen zeigen, dass die Inhalte pädagogischer Konzeptionen sich nur teilweise systematisch nach diesen Kontextmerkmalen unterscheiden. Konzeptionen von Einrichtungen in kleineren Gemeinden sowie von freien und öffentlichen Trägern beschreiben eher Kooperationen mit Eltern und im sozialen Nahraum als die Konzeptionen von Einrichtungen in größeren Gemeinden und von anderen Trägern.
Missing Something? Comparisons of Effectiveness and Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery Procedures and Their Preferred Reporting: Refining the Evidence Base
Authors: El Ansari Walid , El-Ansari Kareem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComparisons of effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) procedures encompass weight loss, metabolic/clinical outcomes, and improvements or worsening of comorbidities. Post-operative physical activity (PA) and diet influence such outcomes but are frequently not included in comparisons of effectiveness. We assessed the value and necessity of including post-operative PA/diet data when comparing effectiveness of BS. Including post-operative PA/diet data has significant benefits for BS and patients. The paper proposes an explicit preferred reporting system (Preferred REporting of post-operative PHYsical activity and Diet data in comparisons of BS effectiveness: PRE-PHYD Bariatric). Including post-operative PA/diet data could result in more accurate appraisals of effectiveness of BS procedures. This could translate into better ‘individualized’ BS by achieving a better ‘fit’ between patient and procedure.
A practical prescreening method for sloshing severity evaluation
Authors: Zheng Miao-Zi , Gou Ying , Teng Bin , Jo Hyojae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at finding a proper way to estimate sloshing severity. First, the concept of sloshing severity RAO (SSR) is introduced, and the wave elevation on the liquid free surface is chosen as an initial index for the rough prediction of sloshing severity. Then, compared with experimental data from a 3D regular model test, this index is adjusted and a new index is generated. One step further, sloshing severity under irregular sea states can be achieved by nonlinear combinations of the new index. For validation, the same model tank is tested under a set of irregular sea conditions, and peak pressures and impulse areas are taken as comparison standards. It is found that both numerical and experimental results show a similar tendency of sloshing severity. As a real ship application on the new index, the sloshing severity of a liquefied natural gas floating production storage and offloading (LNG-FPSO) is predicted under a low filling condition. Besides, the ship motion responses with and without sloshing effects are considered for the calculation of severity. From the present observation, this proposed methodology and generated new index is expected to be applicable to the selection of severe sea states for sloshing loads analysis.
Thunbergia kasajuana, a new species of Acanthaceae from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Bhaskar , Wood John R. I. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA new species ofThunbergia,T. kasajuanaBh.Adhikari & J.R.I.Wood is described from central Nepal. It is most closely related toT. grandifloraRoxb., because of its reduced annular calyx and similar inflorescence structure but differs in the much smaller corolla, herbaceous habit and different ecology. A description, photographs and a key to the species ofThunbergianative to Nepal are provided.
Placenta is Capable of Protecting the Male Fetus from Exposure to Environmental Bisphenol A
Authors: Lukasiewicz Monika , Czerniecki Jan , Ponikwicka-Tyszko Donata , Sztachelska Maria , Hryniewicka Marta , Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk Edyta , Wiczkowski Wieslaw , Banaszewska Beata , Milewski Robert , Toppari Jorma , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Rahman Nafis A. , Wolczynski Slawomir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmbryo–fetal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) could be related to poor male reproductive parameters in rodents, but this concept has not been convincingly confirmed in humans. We investigated the association of environmental BPA exposure of pregnant women with selected endocrine and anthropometric parameters of male newborns. We analyzed plasma BPA from pregnant mothers, umbilical cord, and placental tissues (n = 117/each group) by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. LH, FSH, AMH, TGFβ2, inhibin B, and selected sex steroids were measured in cord plasma. The infant anthropometric parameters included anogenital distance, stretched penile length, head circumference, birthweight, and length. The median BPA concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and in placental tissue were 19.0, 8.0, and 22.2 nmol/L, respectively, the levels thus being over twofold lower in the fetal circulation than in the mother or placenta. The BPA concentrations measured were 100–1000-fold lower than those demonstrated in animal experiments to have endocrine disrupting effects. Multivariable regression analysis indicated no significant correlations between the maternal/fetal/placental BPA concentrations and any of the hormone levels or anthropometric parameter measured. Plasma concentrations of BPA confirmed both maternal, placenta, and fetal exposure to environmental BPA, but the concentrations were orders of magnitude lower than those with documented endocrine disrupting activity. Moreover, the maternal/fetal concentration gradient as well as the lack of correlations of BPA levels with any major endocrine or anthropometric parameters measured in the newborns suggest a protective role for the placenta in reducing fetal exposure to the environmental BPA.
A Statistical Approach to Study the Evolution of Groundwater of Vishwamitri River Basin (VRB), Gujarat
Authors: Siddha Swayam , Sahu Paulami 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is the most vulnerable, exploited natural resource which is a key source of freshwater in the world. Its regular decline in both quality and quantity are an important concern of research. The focus of the present study is to understand the important hydrogeochemical processes involved in the groundwater evolution of Vishwamitri River Basin (VRB), Gujarat, India, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. To achieve a symmetrical data distribution, log-transformation was applied in this study. This statistical approach decreases the data outlier. A Shapiro-Wilk statistic was employed to test the normal distribution of the data set. The results revealed that ten elements (TDS, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, iron and strontium) showed normal distribution. The PCA of 60 groundwater samples using 10 normally distributed chemical parameters indicates that the dominant geochemical process is rock-water interaction through dissolution and cation exchange reactions within the VRB aquifers. This study also reveals that, due to over use of chemical and fertilizers, the sulfate loading is high in groundwater. Therefore, the combined process of natural rock-water interaction, weathering and anthropogenic activities play a significant role in controlling the chemical composition of groundwater of VRB.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Group Mindfulness Intervention in a Difficult Asthma Clinic
Authors: Ainsworth Ben , Patel Aarti , Eyles Caroline , Davies Gail Elaine , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh , Thomas Mike 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Psychological dysfunction (such as anxiety) is common in people with difficult asthma and is associated with poor outcomes. Asthma guidelines increasingly emphasise the need to recognise and address co-morbidities, and it is plausible that appropriately targeted psychological interventions may be clinically and cost-effective. We hypothesised that mindfulness—facilitating adaptive responses to mental and emotional stress—would be acceptable and feasible for people with difficult asthma and undertook a pilot uncontrolled observational study.

Methods
We offered a 4-week mindfulness intervention (four group sessions with 10–20 min of daily home practice) to adult patients attending difficult asthma clinics. Seventeen patients provided informed consent. Before and 3 months after the intervention, self-report questionnaires assessed asthma control, asthma-related quality of life, anxiety, depression, medication adherence and dysfunctional breathing symptoms. We conducted a focus group and follow-up telephone interviews with patients and collected routine clinic data including lung function.

Results
Three-month follow-up patients had lower self-reported anxiety scores, but there were no significant changes in other self-report measures including asthma control and asthma quality of life—though numerical trends generally indicated improvement. Intervention adherence and study retention varied. Thematic analysis exploring qualitative data found overarching themes highlighting the acceptability of mindfulness treatments, and identified some practical challenges to attending the course.

Conclusions
Patients consenting to the mindfulness intervention found it acceptable. Self-report measures suggest potential for positive impact on their wellbeing. Patients successfully integrated mindfulness with their existing treatment, although practical barriers prevented some from attending the face-to-face group course.
Zum Verbalisierungsdilemma bei der Erfassung der situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten von Lehrkräften
Authors: Hecker Sarah-Larissa , Falkenstern Stephanie , Lemmrich Svenja , Ehmke Timo 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAnforderungsnahe Testumgebungen versprechen besonders prädiktive Hinweise auf die tatsächliche Performanz von angehenden und praktizierenden Lehrkräften. Auf Basis einer Methoden-Triangulation empirisch erhobener Daten aus einem videobasierten Kompetenztest widmet sich der Beitrag allerdings einem potentiellen Validitätsproblem bei der Erfassung der situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten von angehenden und praktizierenden Lehrkräften aller Fächer als Indikator ihrer Kompetenz im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache. In der besonders performanznahen Testumgebung werden keine geschlossenen Items eingesetzt, sondern maximal offene mündliche Antworten erfragt, also zunächst eine Verbalisierung des Wahrgenommenen, gefolgt von einer verbalisierten Handlungsreaktion. Es finden sich in der Auswertung der Antworten vonN = 124 angehenden und praktizierenden Lehrkräften Hinweise auf ein Verbalisierungsdilemma: offenbar ist die geforderte Verbalisierung der Komponente der präzisen Wahrnehmung schwieriger als die der Handlungsreaktion, der Zusammenhang zwischen beidem stellt sich als komplex dar. Dies wird in einen über diese Studie hinausgehenden Kontext eingeordnet, indem Ergebnisse aus der Expertiseforschung herangezogen und Konsequenzen für videobasierte Testumgebungen diskutiert werden.
A PSO-algorithm-based consensus model with the application to large-scale group decision-making
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Tong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGroup decision-making (GDM) implies a process of extracting wisdom from a group of experts. In this study, a novel GDM model is proposed by applying the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to simulate the consensus process within a group of experts. It is assumed that the initial positions of decision-makers (DMs) are characterized by pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs). The minimum and maximum of the entries in the same locations of individual PCMs are supposed to be the constraints of DMs’ opinions. The novelty comes with the construction of the optimization problem by considering the group consensus and the consistency degree of the collective PCM. The former is to minimize the distance between the collective PCM and each individual one. The latter is to make the collective PCM be acceptably consistent in virtue of the geometric consistency index. The fitness function used in the PSO algorithm is the linear combination of the two objectives. The proposed model is applied to solve a large-scale GDM problem arising in emergency management. Some comparisons with the existing methods reveal that the developed model has the advantages to decrease the order of an optimization problem and reach a fast yet effective solution.
Condition Assessment of Low Voltage Photovoltaic DC Cables under Thermal Stress Using Non-Destructive Electrical Techniques
Authors: Mustafa Ehtasham , Afia Ramy S. A. , Tamus Zoltán Ádám 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe output power of the photovoltaic system is heavily dependent on the low voltage (LV) DC cables which are exposed to multiple stresses such as climatic, mechanical, electrical, and thermal stress, hence makes them more exposed to aging as compared to other components in the system. Accordingly, it is essential to monitor the state and know the real cause of the insulation degradation of the cable. The physio-chemical changes inside the insulation during service is attributed to the thermal stress, which the cable has to endure constantly. Traditionally, destructive test techniques have been adopted to study the aging phenomenon in the cable insulation, making them unsuitable for on-line condition monitoring. This research work has been aimed to study the degradation in LV photovoltaic DC cables under thermal stress by measuring the dielectric properties; complex permittivity, tanδ with the change in frequency and decay and return voltage slopes using extended voltage response method. The non-destructive diagnostic methods used are based on the phenomenon of polarization and conduction in the insulation material. The noteworthy change in the values of the imaginary part of permittivity, tanδ at low frequencies, and the overall decrease in the values of return voltage slope showed the change in the structure of the polymer matrix under the stress which was related to the cross-linking based chemical reactions. The results show that the techniques can be adopted for the on-line condition monitoring of the cable for the PV system and the dielectric parameters can be used to study the chemical and physical changes happening inside the material effectively.
Searching for the Correlation Between the Activity of Urease and the Content of Nickel in the Soil Samples: The Role of Metal Speciation
Authors: Miśkowiec Paweł , Olech Zofia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to verify the correlation between the activity of urease and the content of nickel in soil of temperate climate in relation to the land management. Moreover, the metal speciation was taken into account in order to search for the above-mentioned correlation. Arable lands, forested lands, and wastelands were analyzed. The basic soil parameters were determined such as pH, clay fraction content, and organic matter content. The speciation of nickel was studied by using BCR (Bureau Communitaire de Reference) sequential extraction procedure and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, while the urease activity was determined spectrophotometrically. The pseudo-total content of Ni in every sample was below 30 mg kg−1of dry soil. The dominant form of nickel in the soil samples was the residual form. Although the urease activity varied slightly between the samples, the differences turned out to be statistically insignificant. However, the highly positive correlations between the urease activity, organic matter content, and the pseudo-total content of Ni were found and discussed. Moreover, the positive correlations between the urease activity and two geochemical forms of nickel, namely,activeandresidualform, were confirmed. The results of performed experiments prove that the method of land management does not significantly affect either the topsoil urease activity or the nickel distribution in the case of the extensive agriculture and forestry. However, the existence of at least two forms of the active soil urease was proposed. The first one―contained in the soil solution or loosely adsorbed on the soil particulates and the second one―strongly adsorbed onto the clay minerals. Also the complex role of the organic matter in protecting urease from external factors was presented. Finally, it was postulated that the nickel content in soil may be the indicator of the soil urease activity.