bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the Atmospheric Water Cycle within the Habitable Zone of a Tidally Locked, Earth-like Exoplanet
Authors: Labonté Marie-Pier , Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Synchronously orbiting, tidally locked exoplanets with a dayside facing their star and a permanently dark nightside orbiting dim stars are prime candidates for habitability. Simulations of these planets often show the potential to maintain an Earth-like climate with a complete hydrological cycle. Here we examine the sensitivity of the atmospheric water cycle to changes in stellar flux and describe the main underlying mechanisms. In a slowly rotating, tidally locked Earth-like atmospheric model, the response to a small (about 10%) increase in stellar irradiance from a habitable zone control simulation is examined. The water cycle is enhanced in response to the increased stellar irradiance. While the evaporation increase behaves similarly to the stellar radiation increase, the day-to-night energy transport by the mean circulation is critical to the planet's precipitation changes. Increased efficiency of the energy transport in a warmer climate shapes the substellar precipitation increase. On the nightside, precipitation changes are weak as a result of the large cancellation between the increased energy transport and the increased longwave emission. The day-to-night energy transport efficiency is sensitive to the variation of the atmosphere's vertical stratification. Due to weak temperature gradients in the upper troposphere and a moist adiabat maintained in the substellar region, variations in the substellar surface temperature and specific humidity govern the increase of the planet’s stratification with warming. This suggests a scaling of the nightside’s precipitation based on the substellar surface thermodynamic changes, a sensitivity that holds over a wider range of stellar irradiance changes.
The AREPO Public Code Release
Authors: Weinberger Rainer , Springel Volker , Pakmor Rüdiger 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We introduce the public version of the cosmological magnetohydrodynamical moving-mesh simulation code Arepo. This version contains a finite-volume magnetohydrodynamics algorithm on an unstructured, dynamic Voronoi tessellation coupled to a tree-particle-mesh algorithm for the Poisson equation either on a Newtonian or cosmologically expanding spacetime. Time integration is performed adopting local time step constraints for each cell individually, solving the fluxes only across active interfaces, and calculating gravitational forces only between active particles, using an operator-splitting approach. This allows simulations with high dynamic range to be performed efficiently. Arepo is a massively distributed-memory parallel code, using the message passing interface (MPI) communication standard and employing a dynamical workload and memory balancing scheme to allow for optimal use of multi-node parallel computers. The employed parallelization algorithms of Arepo are deterministic and produce binary-identical results when rerun on the same machine and with the same number of MPI ranks. A simple primordial cooling and star formation model is included as an example of sub-resolution models commonly used in simulations of galaxy formation. Arepo also contains a suite of computationally inexpensive test problems, ranging from idealized tests for automated code verification to scaled-down versions of cosmological galaxy formation simulations, and is extensively documented in order to assist adoption of the code by new scientific users.
THOR 2.0: Major Improvements to the Open-source General Circulation Model
Authors: Deitrick Russell , Mendonça João M. , Schroffenegger Urs , Grimm Simon L. , Tsai Shang-Min , Heng Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

THOR is the first open-source general circulation model (GCM) developed from scratch to study the atmospheres and climates of exoplanets, free from Earth- or solar-system-centric tunings. It solves the general nonhydrostatic Euler equations (instead of the primitive equations) on a sphere using the icosahedral grid. In the current study, we report major upgrades to THOR, building on the work of Mendonça et al. First, while the horizontally explicit and vertically implicit integration scheme is the same as that described in Mendonça et al., we provide a clearer description of the scheme and improve its implementation in the code. The differences in implementation between the hydrostatic shallow, quasi-hydrostatic deep, and nonhydrostatic deep treatments are fully detailed. Second, standard physics modules are added: two-stream, double-gray radiative transfer and dry convective adjustment. Third, THOR is tested on additional benchmarks: tidally locked Earth, deep hot Jupiter, acoustic wave, and gravity wave. Fourth, we report that differences between the hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic simulations are negligible in the Earth case but pronounced in the hot Jupiter case. Finally, the effects of the so-called “sponge layer,” a form of drag implemented in most GCMs to provide numerical stability, are examined. Overall, these upgrades have improved the flexibility, user-friendliness, and stability of THOR.
Biologer: an open platform for collecting biodiversity data
Authors: Popović Miloš , Vasić Nikola , Koren Toni , Burić Ivona , Živanović Nenad , Kulijer Dejan , Golubović Ana 
Published: June 2020

We have developed a new platform named "Biologer" intended for recording species observations in the field (but also from literature resources and collections). The platform is created as user-friendly, open source, multilingual software that is compatible with Darwin Core standard and accompanied by a simple Android application. It is made from the user’s perspective, allowing everyone to choose how they share the data. Project team members are delegated by involved organisations. The team is responsible for development of the platform, while local Biologer communities are engaged in data collection and verification.
Biologer has been online and available for use in Serbia since 2018 and was soon adopted in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In total, we have assembled 536 users, who have collected 163,843 species observation records data from the field and digitalised 33,458 literature records. The number of active users and their records is growing daily. Out of the total number of gathered data, 89% has been made open access by the users, 10% is accessible on the scale of 10×10 km and only 1% is closed. In the future, we plan to provide a taxonomic data portal that could be used by local and national initiatives in Eastern Europe, aggregate all data into a single web location, create detailed data overview and enable fluent communication between users.
Database of Romanian cave invertebrates with a Red List of cave species and a list of hotspot/coldspot caves
Authors: Moldovan Oana Teodora , Iepure Sanda , Brad Traian , Kenesz Marius , Mirea Ionuț Cornel , Năstase-Bucur Ruxandra 
Published: June 2020

The increasing human impact in Romanian caves raises the urgency of publishing a correct database of the strictly-adapted cave fauna. Previous attempts at indexing cave fauna and classifying caves by using their fauna opened many questions regarding the use of an incomplete list of cave species and mixed lists of troglobionts/stygobionts with troglophiles/stygophiles for ranking caves with priority for protection. It has also become obvious that there is a need to publish a list of Romanian cave species that are under threat. Cave species in Romania (and elsewhere) are endemic on small ranges, are unique and must be considered as important units for conservation. A cave must be equally protected if it has one or more rare and strictly endemic cave species. Although not exhaustive, we here provide the first checklist of Romanian troglobionts/stygobionts developed in the framework of the DARKFOOD and GROUNDWATERISK projects, coordinated by the “Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The GIS application was used to complement the checklist of cave species with data on caves and surface environments above the caves. Until complete data on species diversity and population sizes are made available for each cave, measures of conservation can be implemented, based on the presence/absence of cave species, while classifications of caves for protection, based on the number of species, must be avoided. We also propose a list of Romanian caves with fauna that are under threat and a tentative Red List of Romanian troglobiont/stygobionts.
This is the first database with identified troglobiont and stygobiont species of Romania, with a critical analysis of their distribution inside the country. A list of caves that need protection for their rare and unique species and a tentative Red List of Romanian cave fauna are also added. A total of 173 species were identified, of which 77 troglobionts and 96 stygobionts are currently registered in 366 caves. The database is divided into two parts, one part with a list of troglobionts, their revised systematic position, cave name, cave code and geographic region; and the second part with the same information on stygobionts. The database represents the contribution of many active researchers, who are the authors of this paper and of review publications of many other authors of the "Emil Racoviță" Institute of Speleology.
Faire campagne sur Youtube : une nouvelle « grammaire » pour contrôler sa communication et influer sur le cadrage médiatique ?
Authors: Theviot Anaïs 
Published: June 2020

La campagne présidentielle de 2017 a été marquée par un outil crée il y a plus de dix ans : Youtube. Pourtant, il apparaît alors comme une nouveauté sur la scène politique française et fait l’objet de nombreux commentaires journalistiques au regard du succès de la chaîne Youtube du candidat de la France Insoumise, Jean-Luc Mélenchon. Ce dernier s’est en effet inspiré de la tendance des youtubeurs populaires au grand nombre d’abonnés, tels que Cyprien (plus de 13 millions), Squeezie (presque 13 millions) et Norman (presque 10 millions). L’objectif de cet article est de repérer cette « grammaire » des youtubeurs à succès et d’analyser comment ces codes sont ensuite repris, adaptés par le candidat de la France Insoumise. Nous verrons qu’au-delà du format, ce qui est recherché est avant tout la visibilité médiatique en ligne et hors ligne pour modeler l’image du candidat, proche du « peuple ».
Comment voisine-t-on dans la France confinée ?
Authors: Lambert Anne , Cayouette-Remblière Joanie , Guéraut Élie , Le Roux Guillaume , Bonvalet Catherine , Girard Violaine , Langlois Laetitia 
Published: June 2020

En temps normal comme en période de crise, les échanges de services de proximité n’échappent pas aux lois de la sociabilité : les cadres compensent l’éloignement relatif de leur famille par des relations de voisinage plus nombreuses, et se sentent moins isolés que les autres catégories sociales. Pendant le confinement lié à la pandémie de Covid-19, la proportion de services échangés avec les voisins est restée stable, mais elle s’est réorientée au profit des personnes de 75 ans ou plus, et au détriment des familles. Plus que jamais, les personnes de 60 à 74 ans sont au centre de l’entraide. Sur un point, pourtant, le confinement a changé la donne : l’échange de services n’a pas empêché la forte augmentation du sentiment d’isolement.
Outcomes Comparison Between Wavefront-Optimized and Topography-Guided PRK in Contralateral Eyes With Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ribeiro Sara , Lopes Bernardo T. , Salomão Marcella Q. , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:
To compare clinical outcomes between topography-guided customized ablation treatment (TCAT) and wavefront-optimized (WFO) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in fellow eyes of myopic patients.

METHODS:
Forty-six eyes of 23 patients who underwent PRK were included. WFO ablation was performed in one eye (WFO group) and TCAT in the fellow eye (TCAT group). The customized treatment plan was based on the Topolyzer Vario topography system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) data. The patients were observed for 12 months after the procedure.

RESULTS:

One year after the surgery, there was no significant difference in the manifest refraction spherical equivalent, sphere, or cylinder variables between the two groups (
P
> .05). In both groups, 96% of eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better at 12 months postoperatively. Accuracy, safety, and efficacy of the refractive and visual outcomes were similar in the two groups. The postoperative higher order aberrations magnitude was lower in the TCAT group, but this was not statistically significant (
P
> .05). During the 12-month follow-up, no patient described any symptoms related to glare, halos, or starbursts in either eye. Other postoperative complications, such as infection or cor-neal infiltrates, did not occur in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:
TCAT and WFO ablations provided similar outcomes after PRK for myopia and myopic astigmatism correction. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative corneal wavefront analysis.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(6):358–365.]
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted LASIK in Children With Hyperopia and Anisometropic Amblyopia: 7 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Kulikova Irina Leonidovna , Pashtaev Nikolay Petrovich , Batkov Yevgeniy Nikolayevich , Pikusova Svetlana Mikh'ilovna , Terent'eva Anna Evgen'evna 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:
To analyze clinical and functional results of femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FSLASIK) in children with hyperopia and unilateral anisome-tropic amblyopia.

METHODS:
The study included 24 patients (24 eyes) aged 5 to 15 years. Before the surgery, the mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) of amblyopic eyes was +3.90 ± 1.60 diopters (D) (range: +1.50 to +6.80 D) and the mean refractive anisometropia was 3.06 ± 1.64 D (range: 0.87 to 7.50 D). Every patient had at least 1 year of ineffective traditional amblyopia treatment before surgery. The mean follow-up period was 7 years (range: 6.9 to 7.4 years).

RESULTS:

At the final follow-up visit, the mean MRSE of operated eyes was +0.41 ± 1.35 D (range: −1.13 to +3.88 D) (
P
< .001) and anisometropia in MRSE notation was 1.39 ± 1.15 D (range: 0.00 to 4.63 D). Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±0.50, ±1.00, and ±2.00 D in 31%, 38%, and 92%, respectively. There were no complications. All patients showed a one to seven line gain of corrected distance visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:
FS-LASIK was an effective method of hyperopia correction in this cohort of children with amblyopia, resulting in reduction in anisometropia, restoration of refractive balance, and functional improvement in the amblyopic eye when traditional methods failed.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(6):366–373.]
Refractive Changes After Corneal Stromal Filler Injection for the Correction of Hyperopia
Authors: Wertheimer Christian M. , Brandt Katharina , Kaminsky Steffen , Elhardt Carolin , Kassumeh Stefan A. , Pham Linh , Schulz-Hildebrandt Hinnerk , Priglinger Siegfried , Anderson R. Rox , Birngruber Reginald 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate a new non-ablative and adjustable procedure for laser ablative refractive corneal surgery in hyperopia using the injection of a biocompatible liquid filler material into a stromal pocket.

METHODS:
A total of 120 stromal pockets were created using a clinical femtosecond laser system in 96 rabbit corneoscleral discs and 24 whole globes. Pockets were cut at a depth of 120 or 250 µm below the epithelial surface. Hyaluronic acid was injected manually into the pocket. To determine the refractive changes, three-dimensional optical coherence tomography images and a specifically developed picture recognition Matlab (The Mathworks) routine were used.

RESULTS:
After injection, a steepening of the anterior and flattening of the posterior corneal surface was observed, which led to hyperopic correction. The two main factors determining the amount of correction were the pocket depth and the injected volume. After the pocket was homogeneously filled, an initial refractive increase was observed, followed by a linear relation between the injected volume and the refraction increase.

CONCLUSIONS:
This possible clinical protocol for controlled refraction correction of hyperopia suggests a potential readjustable clinical application.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(6):406–414.]
Circulations savantes et production des identités territoriales dans les Pyrénées centrales (1880-1930)
Authors: Chandivert Arnauld 
Published: June 2020

Cet article est consacré à l’examen de l’élaboration des images territoriales et des représentations de l’identité culturelle dans les Pyrénées centrales, et ce dans le dernier quart du xixe siècle et le premier quart du siècle suivant. Il se concentre sur la contribution de plusieurs sociétés d’érudition à cette élaboration, en portant l’attention sur les différents registres de singularisation alors utilisés. Il analyse notamment l’importance prise par des « circulations savantes » entre différents lieux et échelles d’action, qui seules permettaient d’assurer ce que visaient ces sociétés : montrer que leur territoire de référence était porteur d’un certain nombre de spécificités, qui en faisaient un objet d’études des plus intéressants. Cependant, il est aussi possible de comprendre l’importance grandissante prise sur la période par l’échelon régional dans l’organisation des activités scientifiques et d’examiner les conditions ayant conduit à une déqualification progressive de ces savoirs érudits.
Des choix intimes dérangeants : Narrations privées et discours publics sur l’immigration et l’islam dans l’Italie contemporaine
Authors: Odasso Laura 
Published: June 2020

En Italie, depuis la moitié des années 1970, l’immigration transforme le tissu social et les dynamiques familiales. Dans ce contexte historique, en mobilisant et en articulant des documents médiatiques et des narratives privées de femmes italiennes mariées avec des ressortissants étrangers provenant d’un pays arabo-musulman, l’article montre l’ingérence du discours public sur l’immigration et l’islam dans les représentations de la vie conjugale mixte. Une doxa néo-orientaliste et fémonationaliste, ainsi qu’un discours sécuritaire et antimusulman traversent la société italienne contemporaine et produisent des stéréotypes racisés et sexués qui n’affectent pas uniquement les étrangers, mais aussi leurs conjointes.
L’ère de l’intimité : Un nouvel agenda pour l’histoire de la famille dans l’Italie contemporaine
Authors: Asquer Enrica 
Published: June 2020

L’article présente une réflexion critique sur l’historiographie dédiée aux relations familiales en Italie au xxe siècle, dans le but de tracer un nouvel agenda de recherche capable d’aller au-delà des résultats obtenus lors de la saison productive des années 1980. À la lumière de l’histoire culturelle et du genre, l’article propose d’adopter une perspective moins centrée sur les reconstructions linéaires et plus attentive à éclairer les conflits sociaux qui traversent la définition même de la famille et de l’intimité. À partir de deux thèmes emblématiques, les pratiques de consommation et les comportements reproductifs, l’article aborde ensuite la question d’ordre méthodologique posée par l’affaiblissement progressif de l’histoire sociale et souligne la nécessité d’une imbrication étroite entre le « social » et le « culturel ».
La « fonction essentielle » des femmes : Famille, travail domestique et salaire en Italie entre fascisme et République
Authors: Gissi Alessandra 
Published: June 2020

L’article analyse le débat politique autour du salaire pour les femmes au foyer en Italie. Il remonte aux sources de cette question dans les propos du mouvement tayloriste sur l’organisation scientifique du travail domestique qui se développera en Italie, et ailleurs en Europe, à partir des années 1920. Puis, il se prolonge, dans l’après-guerre, quand la discussion reprendra lors de la rédaction de la Constitution de la République italienne. Son article 37 réaffirmera la « naturalité » de la fonction maternelle et stoppera le débat. La question du « salaire domestique » émergera à nouveau dans les années 1970 dans les réflexions du groupe féministe de Padoue, Lotta femminista. Dans les mêmes années les femmes immigrées commencent à devenir prépondérantes dans ce secteur du marché de travail.
DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG NODULES FROM 2D COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY SCANS
Authors: Karrar Ayat , Mabrouk Mai S. , Wahed Manal AbdEl 
Published: June 2020

Cancers typically are both highly dangerous and common. Among these, lung cancer has one of the lowest survival rates compared to other cancers. CT scans can reveal dense masses of different shapes and sizes; in the lungs, these are called lung nodules. This study applied a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to detect candidate nodules — and diagnose it either solitary or juxtapleural — with equivalent diameters, ranging from 7.78[Formula: see text]mm to 22.48[Formula: see text]mm in a 2D CT slice. Pre-processing and segmentation is a very important step to segment and enhance the CT image. A segmentation and enhancement algorithm is achieved using bilateral filtering, Thresholding the gray-level transformation function, Bounding box and maximum intensity projection. Border artifacts are removed by clearing the lung border, erosion, dilation and superimposing. Feature extraction is done by extracting 20 gray-level co-occurrence matrix features from four directions: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and one distance of separation ([Formula: see text] pixel). In the classification step, two classifiers are proposed to classify two types of nodules based on their locations: as juxtapleural or solitary nodules. The two classifiers are a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Random oversampling and 10-fold cross-validation are used to improve the results. In our CAD system, the highest accuracy and sensitivity rates achieved by the CNN were 96% and 95%, respectively, for solitary nodule detection. The highest accuracy and sensitivity rates achieved by the KNN model were 93.8% and 96.7%, respectively, and K was set to 1 to detect juxtapleural nodules.
Urgensi Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Upah Minimum Kota/Kabupaten Sebagai Keseimbangan Tujuan Hukum
Authors: Admin Admin 
Published: June 2020

Upah merupakan persoalan mendasar dalam ketenagakerjaan dan hubungan industrial di Indonesia. Dasar hukum penetapan upah minimum ada dalam Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 Pasal 88 ayat (4) tentang Keteagakerjaan. Dinyatakan bahwa Pemerintah menetapkan upah minimum berdasarkan kebutuhan hidup layak dan dengan memperhatikan produktivitas dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Frasa ini serta-merta membuat jelas bahwa dalam penetapan upah minimum titik tolak yang digunakan tidaklah hanya ihtiar mempertahankan kebutuhan hidup yang layak. Juga kepentingan pengusaha/industri harus diperhitungkan. Sekalipun demikian, penetapan upah minimum seyogianya ditujukan pada upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup yang layak. Komponen serta pelaksanaan tahapan pencapaian kebutuhan hidup layak sebagaimana dimaksud diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri, demikian dinyatakan dalam Pasal 89 ayat 2 dan 4 UU No. 13/2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan akan tetapi didalam pelaksanaanya banyak pengusaha yang membayar upah pekerja lebih kecil dari nilai upah minimum, Dalam Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 dalam Pasal 90 ayat (1) disebutkan dengan tegas bahwa perusahaan dilarang membayar upah dibawah nilai upah minimum, sehinga apabila perusahaan membayar upah dibawah nilai upah minimum tanpa alasan-alasan yang dibenarkan sebagaimana di atur dalam Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No. 231 tahun 2003 tentang Tata cara pelaksanaan penanguhan upah minimum, Pengusaha dapat dikenakan sanksi/hukuman Pidana paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 100.000.000,- (seratus juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp. 400.000.000,- (Empat ratus juta rupiah) dan tindak pidana tersebut merupakan tindak Pidana kejahatan.