bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Look on Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Authors: ŻAROWSKA BARBARA , KOŹLECKI TOMASZ , PIEGZA MICHAŁ , JAROS-KOŹLECKA KATARZYNA , ROBAK MAŁGORZATA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The progress of research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their inclusion in many consumer products (chemicals, cosmetics, clothing, water filters, and medical devices) as a biocide. Despite the widespread use of AgNPs, their biocidal activity is not yet fully understood and is usually associated with various factors (size, composition, surface, red-ox potential, and concentration) and, obviously, specific features of microorganisms. There are merely a few studies concerning the interaction of molds with AgNPs. Therefore, the determination of the minimal AgNPs concentration required for effective growth suppression of five fungal species (Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium pinophilum, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma virens, and Aspergillus brasiliensis), involved in the deterioration of construction materials, was particularly important. Inhibition of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and yeasts (Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica) was also assessed as the control of AgNPs effectiveness. AgNPs at the concentrations of 9–10.7 ppm displayed high inhibitory activity against moulds, yeast, and bacteria. The TEM images revealed that 20 nm AgNPs migrated into bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells but aggregated in larger particles (50–100 nm) exclusively inside eukaryotic cells. The aggregation of 20 nm AgNPs and particularly their accumulation in the cell wall, observed for A. brasiliensis cells, are described here for the first time.
Differentially Marked IncP-1β R751 Plasmids for Cloning via Recombineering and Conjugation
Authors: BAINS ASHVEEN , WILSON JAMES W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate here for the first time the use of an IncP-1β plasmid, R751, as a gene capture vehicle for recombineering/conjugation strategies to clone large segments of bacterial genomes (20 – 100 + Kb). We designed R751 derivatives containing alternative markers for greater flexibility when using the R751 vehicle across different bacteria. These markers are removable if desired as part of the cloning procedure (with no extra steps needed). We demonstrated utility via cloning of 38 and 22 kb genomic segments from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli, respectively. The plasmids expand the options available for use in recombineering/conjugation-based cloning applications.
Illumina MiSeq Analysis and Comparison of Freshwater Microalgal Communities on Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands
Authors: YUN HYUN-SIK , KIM YOUNG-SAENG , YOON HO-SUNG 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ulleungdo and Dokdo are volcanic islands with an oceanic climate located off the eastern coast of South Korea. In the present study, we used barcoded Illumina MiSeq to analyze eukaryotic microalgal genera collected from Seonginbong, the highest peak on Ulleungdo, and from groundwater sites on Dongdo and Seodo Islands, which are part of Dokdo. Species richness was significantly greater in the Seonginbong samples than in the Dongdo and Seodo samples, with 834 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified from Seonginbong compared with 203 OTUs and 182 OTUs from Dongdo and Seodo, respectively. Taxonomic composition analysis was also used to identify the dominant microalgal phyla at each of the three sites, with Chlorophyta (green algae) the most abundant phyla on Seonginbong and Dongdo, and Bacillariophyta (diatoms) the most abundant on Seodo. These findings suggest that differences in the abundances of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta species in the Seonginbong, Dongdo, and Seodo samples are due to variations in species richness and freshwater resources at each sampling location. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to detail freshwater microalgal communities on Ulleungdo and Dokdo. As such, the number of species identified in the Seonginbong, Dongdo, and Seodo samples might be an indicator of the ecological differences among these sites and varying characteristics of their microbial communities. Information regarding the microalgal communities also provides a basis for understanding the ecological interactions between microalgae species and other eukaryotic microorganisms.
Colistin Resistance in Enterobacterales Strains – A Current View
Authors: STEFANIUK ELŻBIETA M. , TYSKI STEFAN 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Colistin is a member of cationic polypeptide antibiotics known as polymyxins. It is widely used in animal husbandry, plant cultivation, animal and human medicine and is increasingly used as one of the last available treatment options for patients with severe infections with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Due to the increased use of colistin in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, the resistance to this antibiotic ought to be monitored. Bacterial resistance to colistin may be encoded on transposable genetic elements (e.g. plasmids with the mcr genes). Thus far, nine variants of the mcr gene, mcr-1 – mcr-9, have been identified. Chromosomal resistance to colistin is associated with the modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Various methods, from classical microbiology to molecular biology methods, are used to detect the colistin-resistant bacterial strains and to identify resistance mechanisms. The broth dilution method is recommended for susceptibility testing of bacteria to colistin.
Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ocular Infections in Polish Patients
Authors: KŁOS MARTA , POMORSKA-WESOŁOWSKA MONIKA , ROMANISZYN DOROTA , CHMIELARCZYK AGNIESZKA , WÓJKOWSKA-MACH JADWIGA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analysis of the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) ocular infections and virulence factors of the isolates with a special emphasis on their drug resistance, and the ability of biofilm formation. In a period from 2009 to 2013, 83 isolates of SA were prospectively collected and preserved in a multicenter laboratory-based study carried out in southern Poland. Epidemiological, phenotypic, and genotypic analyses were performed. The resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. Screening for the biofilm formation was provided. Among the materials derived from ocular infections from 456 patients, SA was found in 18.2% (n = 83) of cases (one SA isolate per one patient). Most infections were identified in the age group of over 65 years (OR 8.4 95%CI; 1.03-68.49). The majority of patients (73.4%) were hospitalized. Among the virulence and resistance genes, the most frequently detected were the lukE (72.2%, n = 60) and ermA (15.6%, n = 13) genes. A positive result of the CRA test (the ability of biofilm formation) was found in 66.2% (n = 55) of isolates. Among the strains under study, 6.0% (n = 5) had the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus phenotype, and 26.5% (n = 22) had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. In 48 (57.8%) isolates the neomycin resistance was revealed. All isolates under study were sensitive to vancomycin. The population most susceptible to ocular SA infections consists of hospitalized patients aged 65 and more. The SA strains under study showed the increased ability to biofilm formation. In the strains tested, high susceptibility to chloramphenicol and fluoroquinolones was demonstrated. However, the high level of drug resistance to neomycin detected in this study among SA isolates and the blood-ocular barrier makes it difficult to treat ocular infections.
Structural Changes of Bacillus subtilis Biomass on Biosorption of Iron (II) from Aqueous Solutions: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: KRISHNA KANAMARLAPUDI SRI LAKSHMI RAMYA , MUDDADA SUDHAMANI 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Various microbial biomasses have been employed as biosorbents. Bacterial biomass has added advantages because of easy in production at a low cost. The study investigated the biosorption of iron from aqueous solutions by Bacillus subtilis. An optimum biosorption capacity of 7.25 mg of the metal per gram of the biosorbent was obtained by the Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) under the experimental conditions of initial metal concentration of 100 mg/l, pH 4.5, and biomass dose of 1 g/l at 30°C for 24 hrs. The data showed the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm model while following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed iron biosorption as precipitates on the bacterial surface, and as a peak in the EDX spectrum. The functional hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups that are involved in biosorption were revealed by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The amorphous nature of the biosorbent for biosorption was indicated by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The biomass of B. subtilis exhibited a point zero charge (pHpzc) at 2.0.
Tinjauan terhadap Kualitas Kerja Karyawan Berdasarkan Pengalaman Kerja dan Motivasi pada PT. Latexindo Toba Perkasa Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Utama Amrin Mulia 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to find out) The effect of work experience and motivation variables on employee performance of PT. Latexindo Toba Perkasa Deli Serdang District This research is categorized as associative research. Samples taken were 55 employees of PT. Latexindo Toba Perkasa Deli Serdang District. Data analysis techniques in this study are multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The research data comes from primary data and the process of collecting data using interviews and questionnaires. From the results of the study obtained Work experience has a significant positive effect on employee performance, where t is equal to 3,714 > t table 1.67469 with a significance of 0.000 <0.005. Motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance where t count is 3,511 > t table 1.67469 with significance 0.001 <0.005. Work experience and motivation influence simultaneously on employee performance where F count is 38,575 with a significance level of 0,000 < 0.005. The calculated F value is 38.575 and F table 3.18. Significance value 0.001 < 0.005.
Gojiberry (Lycium barbarum L.) Meyvesinin Farklı Çözgenlerden Elde Edilen Ekstratlarının Toplam Fenolik İçerikleri İle Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KALKAN Selin , ENGİN Mehmet Soner , OTAĞ Mustafa Remzi 
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada besleyici ve antioksidan
özelliklere sahip bir "süper gıda" olarak kabul edilen Goji
berry (Lycium barbarum L.) asetik asit+su ve etanol ektraktlarının toplam
fenolik madde miktarı ile antioksidan ve antimikrobiyel aktiviteleri gibi
biyoaktif özellikleri incelenmiştir. Farklı çözücüler kullanılarak hazırlanan
ektratlarda en yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği 5148
µg GAE/g ile etanolde tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite
sonuçlarına göre en yüksek DPPH inhibisyonu %68,92 olarak asetik asit+su
ektraktında belirlenmiştir. Disk difüzyon yöntemine göre ekstraktların
antimikrobiyel özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde test mikroorganizmalarından Staphylococcus aureus ve Listeria
monocytogenes’ e karşı güçlü bir antimikrobiyel etkiye sahip oldukları
tespit edilmiştir.
ANALISIS KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Muhammad Elwan La Ode , Bakti Bakti , Taufik Taufik 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and human resource development on the performance of employees of the Public Works Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The design of this study is associative explanative research. The population of this study was a staff of the Public Works Agency of the Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study sample was selected by cluster random sampling according to the level of education using the Taro Yamane formula. Thus a sample of 88 people. Besides that, 8 informants were used. Data collection using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis followed by t-test (partial) and F test (simultaneous). The results of the study show that: (1) Transformational leadership has a significant effect on the performance of employees of the Public Works Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. (2) The development of human resources observed through the dimensions of education and training has a significant effect on the performance of employees of the Public Works Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. (3) Transformational leadership and human resource development simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of employees of the Public Works Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province.
IDENTIFIKASI KADAR GLUKOSA DAN SUKROSA PADA MADU HUTAN
Authors: NST ZUHAIRIAH , BR GINTING ERNALA , ROMATUA DYNA GRACE , FAHDI FIRDAUS 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Glucose and sucrose tests are performed as one of honey’s standard quality. Meanwhile the process of honey production by bees itself is a complex process, so there is a high probability of differences in the levels and composition of glucose and sucrose among the types of honey circulating in the community. The composition of glucose and sucrose of each honey can affect its efficacy mainly when it is used for treatment process. The aim of this research is to know glucose and sucrose level in forest honey and compare it with honey’s standard quality according to Indonesian national standard (SNI 01-3545-2013). The samples were 3 forest honey from different village. Sample A is forest honey from Kubu Simbelang Village, Sample B from Bunuraya Village, and Sample C from Suka Village, Tigapanah District. The determination of glucose and sucrose levels was performed by Luff Schoorl method. The result of this study was glucose average level of each sample A, B and C is 71,42%, 66,24%, and 71,21%. The sucrose average levels of sample A, B, and C is 3,09%, 4,51, and 3,04%.It can be stated thatall forest honey used in this study has fulfilled the requirements according to SNI 01-3545-2013 which set that glucose level of honey must be at least 65%while the sucrose level is maximum 5%.
UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT
Authors: Sihombing Yanna Rotua , Octora Debi Dinha 
Published: December 2019

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.
FORMULASI DAN EVALUAI STABILITAS FISIK PATCH TRANSDERMAL ALKALOID NIKOTIN DAUN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tobacum Linn) DENGAN VARIASI POLIMER DAN ASAM OLEAT
Authors: Nurmesa Adi , Nurhabibah Nurhabibah , Najihudin Aji 
Published: December 2019

Research on the tobacco leaves nicotine alkaloid (Nicotiana tobacum L) transdermal patch formulation has been carried out as a cigarette dependence therapy with variations in polymers and oleic acid as a penetration enhancer. The purpose of this study is to formulate a stable transdermal patch of nicotine alkaloid tobacco leaf and to see the effect of adding cellulose, PVP and oleic acid to the release of nicotine in vitro. Transdermal patch formulation consists of nicotine alkaloid tobacco leaf, PVP, ethyl cellulose, PVP, PEG 400, propylenglycol and oleic acid. In this study, 3 formulas were made with concentration variants of PVP: EC namely F1 = 1: 1, F2 = 1: 2, and F3 = 1: 3, where the variations in penetration enhancements in the form of oleic acid were F1: 0.10, F2: 0.15, and F3: 0.20. Evaluation of transdermal patch preparations includes organoleptic, matrix weight test, matrix thickness test, drying shrinkage percentage, moisture uptake, matrix fold resistance test, skin irritation test, patch matrix surface pH test, elongation percentage, frezee and thaw test, nicotine content test, and nicotine release (diffusion cell) test, based on physical stability test of all relatively stable transdermal patch formulas and kinetics of transdermal patch release kinetics following first order and the results of statistical analysis using Variant Analysis (ANOVA) showed differences in F1, F2 and F3, and based on the Korsmayer Peppas test following the non-fick law
Use of RAPD Markers Technique to Evaluate Genetic Variation in Two Types of Local Ducks
Authors: Al-Kurdi Mareb A. , Al-Shaheen Sajida A. , Al-Asadi Majid H. 
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out to assess the genetic variation between two local Iraqi (white and grey) ducks by RAPD-PCR technique using five random primers. The total number of bands that shown by the primers (APO-08, APOF-O9, APO-10, APO-16, APO-18) was 63, 53, 79, 81, 68 for local white ducks, while it was 62, 61, 66, 69, 58 for the local gray ducks respectively. Additionally, all primers showed 59 common bands. OPA-08 primer showed the highest number of common bands (22) while APF-09 primer resulted the lowest number of common bands (4 bands). The overall number of specific bands in local white ducks were higher than those of local grey ducks (285 and 257 bands, respectively). The average of similarity ratio between local ducks was (35.76) while individually, APO-08 primer showed the highest similarity ratio (70.4%) comparing with the lowest similarity percentage (14.04%) that represented by OPF-09 primer.
Chemical Indicators of Ostrich Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 Meat Burger Prepared by Adding Different Fat Levels During Frozen Storage
Authors: Al-Baidhani Alaa M.S. , Al-Mossawi Aum El-Bashar H.J. 
Published: December 2019

This study included preparation of ostrich meat burger with different levels of ostrich fat. The first treatment was free-fat and the second treatment 5% fat, the third treatment was 10% fat, the fourth and the fifth was 15% and 20% respectively and stored in 18 ± 2 co for 120 days. Changes in chemical indicators were studied including peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) during storage periods 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The results showed that there is significantly increased (P <0.05) in PV, TBA and FFA by increasing the fat levels and the storage periods while TVN decreased by increasing fat levels and increased storage periods.
HUBUNGAN LAMANYA HEMODIALISIS DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Silaen Harsudianto 
Published: December 2019

Hemodialysis is a renal replacement therapy performed 2-3 times a week with a duration of 4-5 hours, which aims to remove the remnants of protein metabolism and correct fluid and electrolyte disturbances. This study aims to determine the relationship duration of hemodialysis with anxiety level of hemodialysis patients in Teguh Hospital Murni. This research type is quantitative with cross sectional design. The samples used in this study amounted to 45 people and the sampling technique with purposive sampling is sampling by kebutulan researchers come to research and sebahagian sample was taken from the population. Data collection using questionnaire and data analysis using Chi Square test. From result of research got relationship of duration of hemodialysis with level of anxiety, with degree of meaning (a) 0,05 that is X² hitung: 12,01> X² table: 9,49, p value: 0.00. It is desirable for nurses to provide education and more attention to hemodialysis patients undergoing hemodialysis less than 5 times in order for patients to feel comfortable and not anxious.
Hemodialisis merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal yang dilakukan 2-3 kali seminggu dengan lama waktu 4-5 jam, yang bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan sisa-sisa metabolisme protein dan mengoreksi gangguan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan tingkat kecemasan pasien hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Murni Teguh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 45 orang dan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel secara kebutulan peneliti datang melakukan penelitian dan sebahagian sampel itu diambil dari jumlah populasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dan analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan tingkat kecemasan, dengan derajat kemaknaan (a) 0,05 yaitu X²hitung : 12,01 > X²tabel : 9,49, p value : 0.00.
Diharapkan kepada perawat untuk memberikan edukasi dan perhatian yang lebih kepada pasien hemodialisis yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis kurang dari 5 kali agar pasien merasa nyaman dan tidak cemas.
PENGARUH SHAKER EXERCISE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENELAN PADA PASIEN STROKE DENGAN DISFAGIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Tarihoran Yusrial 
Published: December 2019

Stroke adalah kumpulan gejala klinis akibat hilangnya fungsi otak sebagian atau keseluruhan. Salah satu penyebab kematian pasien stroke adalah aspirasi pneumonia yang berhubungan dengan disfagia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh shaker exercise terhadap kemampuan menelan pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia di Rumah Sakit Kota Medan. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment, khususnya pretest-posttest design withtout control. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode consecutive sampling. Sampel berjumlah 24 orang, kelompok intervensi ini diberikan shaker exercise selama 6 hari berturut-turut dan dilakuan tiga kali sehari. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan menelan pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia setelah diberikan shaker exercise, dengan p value 0,000 (α =0,05). Manfaat penelitian ini nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi mandiri keperawatan dalam menangani pasien stroke dengan disfagia sehingga meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan, mempercepat penyembuhan, serta mencegah komplikasi.

Stroke is a group of clinical symptoms due to partial or complete brain function loss. One of the causes of death of stroke patients is the aspiration of pneumonia associated with dysphagia. This study aims to identify the effect of shaker exercise on swallowing ability in stroke patients with dysphagia at Rumah Sakit Kota Medan. This research used Quasy experimental with pretest-posttest without control group design. As samples, there were 24 respondents for intervention group with consecutive sampling method. The intervention group was given shaker exercise for 3 times a day and it was done continued for 6 days. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in swallowing ability in stroke patients with dysphagia after being given shaker exercise, with p value 0,000 (α = 0.05). The research can be used as a nursing intervention in stroke patients with dysphagia that improve the quality of nursing care, promote healing, and prevent complications.