bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When self‐prioritization crosses the senses: Crossmodal self‐prioritization demonstrated between vision and touch
Authors: Schäfer Sarah , Wesslein Ann‐Katrin , Spence Charles , Frings Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe investigation of self‐prioritization via a simple matching paradigm represents a new way of enhancing our knowledge about the processing of self‐relevant content and also increases our understanding of the self‐concept itself. By associating formerly neutral material with the self, and assessing the resulting prioritization of these newly formed self‐associations, conclusions can be drawn concerning the effects of self‐relevance without the burden of highly overlearned materials such as one’s own name. This approach was used to gain further insights into the structure and complexity of self‐associations: a tactile pattern was associated with the self and thereafter, the prioritization of the exact same visual pattern was assessed – enabling the investigation of crossmodal self‐associations. The results demonstrate a prioritization of self‐associated material that rapidly extends beyond the borders of a sensory modality in which it was first established.
Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Zumla Alimuddin , Sekar Hariharasudhan , Muneer Asif , Thiruvengadam Gayathri , Kumaresan Natarajan 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo define pre‐morbid, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and identify prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and develop a prognostic scoring system for improving management outcomes.Patients and MethodsFrom January 2009 to December 2019, we performed a prospective study of all patients with a suspected diagnosis of EPN referred to a specialist tertiary centre in South India. All patients who underwent non‐contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and those diagnosed with EPN were included in this study. Demographic parameters, imaging, haematological and microbiology results were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1, patients who survived without any intervention; Group 2, those who survived with surgical intervention; and Group 3, those who died with or without intervention. A prognostic scoring system was developed from 18 different parameters and risk stratification was developed. The scores were correlated with overall prognosis.ResultsData from 131 patients with EPN enrolled in the study were analysed: Group 1 (n = 22), Group 2 (n = 102) and Group 3 (n = 7). By using univariate analysis, 10 factors were identified to be significantly associated with prognosis. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. Shock at initial admission indicated a poor prognosis and warranted immediate attention (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA multi‐disciplinary approach, a high index of clinical suspicion, an early diagnosis and administration of culture‐specific antibiotics with identification of prognostic indicators and risk stratification, allows prompt and appropriate medical and surgical treatments that could improve EPN management outcomes.
A novel tool to predict functional outcomes after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy and the value of additional surgery for incontinence
Authors: Tutolo Manuela , Bruyneel Luk , Van der Aa Frank , Van Damme Nancy , Van Cleynenbreugel Ben , Joniau Steven , Ammirati Enrico , Vos Gigi , Briganti Alberto , De Ridder Dirk , Everaerts Wouter ,   Be‐RALP: the Belgian RALP consortium
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a model to predict 12‐month continence status after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) from preoperative and 3‐month postoperative data; this model could help in informing patients on their individualised risk of urinary incontinence (UI) after RP in order to choose the best treatment option.Patients and MethodsData on 9421 patients in 25 Belgian centres were prospectively collected (2009–2016) in a compulsory regional database. The primary outcome was the prediction of continence status, using the International Consultation on Incontinence Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF) at 12‐months after RARP. Linear regression shrinkage was used to assess the association between preoperative 3‐month postoperative characteristics and 12‐month continence status. This association was visualised using nomograms and an online tool.ResultsAt 12 months, the mean (sd) score of the ICIQ‐UI‐SF questionnaire was 4.3 (4.7), threefold higher than the mean preoperative score of 1.4. For the preoperative model, high European Association of Urology risk classification for biochemical recurrence (estimate [Est.] 0.606,se0.165), postoperative radiotherapy (Est. 1.563,se0.641), lower preoperative European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire 30‐item core (EORCT QLQ‐C30)/quality of life (QoL) score (Est. −0.011,se0.003), higher preoperative ICIQ‐UI‐SF score (Est 0.214,se0.018), and older age (Est. 0.058,se0.009), were associated with a higher 12‐month ICIQ‐UI‐SF score. For the 3‐month model, higher preoperative ICIQ‐UI‐SF score (Est. 0.083,se0.014), older age (Est. 0.024,se0.007), lower 3‐month EORCT QLQ‐C30/QoL score (Est. −0.010,se0.002) and higher 3‐month ICIQ‐UI‐SF score (Est. 0.562,se0.009) were associated with a higher 12‐month ICIQ‐UI‐SF score.ConclusionsOur models set the stage for a more accurate counselling of patients. In particular, our preoperative model assesses the risk of UI according to preoperative and early postoperative variables. Our postoperative model can identify patients who most likely would not benefit from conservative treatment and should be counselled on continence surgery.
Rapid and precise delivery of cells in the urethral sphincter complex by a novel needle‐free waterjet technology
Authors: Linzenbold Walter , Jäger Luise , Stoll Hartmut , Abruzzese Tanja , Harland Niklas , Bézière Nicolas , Fech Andreas , Enderle Markus , Amend Bastian , Stenzl Arnulf , Aicher Wilhelm K. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the therapy of stress urinary incontinence in a preclinical setting cells were injected into the urethrae of minipigs; however, cells injected by William’s needle were frequently misplaced or lost; thus, we investigated if needle‐free cell injections using a novel waterjet technology facilitates precise injections in the urethral sphincter complex.Materials and MethodsPorcine adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (pADSCs) were isolated from boars, expanded, labelled, and injected in the sphincter of female pigs by waterjet employing two different protocols. After incubation for 15 min or 3 days, the urethrae of the pigs were examined. Injected cells were visualised by imaging and fluorescence microscopy of tissue sections. DNA of injected male cells was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the sex‐determining region (SRY) gene. Cell injections by William’s needle served as controls.ResultsThe new waterjet technology delivered pADSCs faster and with better on‐site precision than the needle injections. Bleeding during or after waterjet injection or other adverse effects, such as swelling or urinary retention, were not observed. Morphologically intact pADSCs were detected in the urethrae of all pigs treated by waterjet. SRY‐PCR of chromosomal DNA and detection of recombinant green fluorescent protein verified the injection of viable cells. In contrast, three of four pigs injected by William’s needle displayed no or misplaced cells.ConclusionTransurethral injection of viable pADSCs by waterjet is a simple, fast, precise, and yet gentle new technology. This is the first proof‐of‐principle concept study providing evidence that a waterjet injects intact cells exactly in the tissue targeted in a preclinical in vivo situation. To further explore the clinical potential of the waterjet technology longer follow‐up, as well as incontinence models have to be studied.
Utility of blood tests in screening for metabolic disorders in kidney stone disease
Authors: Eyre Katie S. , Lewis Francesca , Cui Helen , Grout Emily , Mihai Radu , Turney Benjamin W. , Howles Sarah A. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the clinical utility of blood tests as a screening tool for metabolic abnormalities in patients with kidney stone disease.Subjects and MethodsClinical and biochemical data from 709 patients attending the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for assessment and treatment of kidney stones were prospectively collected between April 2011 and February 2017. Data were analysed to determine the utility of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), urate, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium and phosphate assays in screening for primary hyperparathyroidism, normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricosuria, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and hypercalciuria.ResultsAn elevated serum calcium level was detected in 2.3% of patients. Further investigations prompted by this finding resulted in a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in 0.2% of men and 4.6% of women for whom serum calcium was recorded. An elevated serum PTH level in the absence of hypercalcaemia was detected in 15.1% of patients. Of these patients, 74.6% were vitamin D‐insufficient; no patients were diagnosed with normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism. Hyperuricosuria was present in 21.6% of patients and hypercalciuria in 47.1%. Hyperuricaemia was not associated with hyperuricosuria, nor was hypophosphataemia associated with hypercalciuria. No patient was highlighted as being at risk of dRTA using serum chloride and bicarbonate as screening tests.ConclusionThis study indicates that individuals presenting with renal calculi should undergo metabolic screening with a serum calcium measurement alone. Use of additional blood tests to screen for metabolic disorders is not cost‐effective and may provide false reassurance that metabolic abnormalities are not present. A full metabolic assessment with 24‐h urine collection should be undertaken in recurrent stone formers and in those at high risk of future stone disease to identify potentially treatable metabolic abnormalities.
Meta‐analysis of retroperitoneal vs transperitoneal laparoscopic and robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for the management of pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction
Authors: Chua Michael E. , Ming Jessica M. , Kim Jin Kyu , Milford Karen L. , Silangcruz Jan Michael , Ren Lily , Rickard Mandy , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine differences in perioperative outcomes between retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches for laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) to manage pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) through a meta‐analysis of comparative studies.MethodsA systematic search was performed in January 2020. Comparative studies were evaluated according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Assessed outcomes included success and complication rates, conversion to open surgery, operative time (OT), length of hospital stay (LOS), estimated blood loss (EBL), analgesic requirements, regular diet resumption, and drain duration. Relative risk (RR) and standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extrapolated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to study design and techniques. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number: CRD42020163303.ResultsA total of 18 studies describing 2007 cases were included. Overall pooled effect estimates did not show statistically significant differences between the approaches with regards to success rate (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97, 1.01), complications (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.82, 1.45), OT (SMD 0.61; 95% CI −0.04, 1.26), LOS (SMD −0.30; 95% CI −0.63, 0.04), EBL (SMD −0.53; 95% CI −1.26, 0.21), or analgesic requirements (SMD −0.51; 95% CI −1.23, 0.21). Compared to the transperitoneal approach, retroperitoneal LP had a higher conversion rate (RR 2.40; 95% CI 1.23, 4.66); however, patients resumed diets earlier (SMD −2.49; 95% CI −4.17, −0.82) and had shorter drain duration (SMD −0.31; 95% CI −0.57, −0.05).ConclusionThe evidence suggests that there are no significant differences in success rate, OT and complications between transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LP. Conversion rates are higher with the retroperitoneal approach; however, return to diet occurs faster and drain duration is shorter when compared to the transperitoneal approach.
Reduction of stent‐associated morbidity by minimizing stent material: a prospective, randomized, single‐blind superiority trial assessing a customized ‘suture stent’
Authors: Betschart Patrick , Piller Alberto , Zumstein Valentin , Schmid Hans‐Peter , Engeler Daniel S. , Güsewell Sabine , Pratsinis Manolis , Abt Dominik 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo compare a customized 'suture stent' with a standard ureteric stent regarding stent‐related symptoms, safety and efficacy.Materials and MethodsPatients with urolithiasis located proximal to the iliac vessel crossing, requiring stenting in preparation for secondary ureterorenoscopy (URS) were randomized to standard ureteric stenting or a suture stent. Secondary ureterorenoscopy was performed 2–6 weeks later. The Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ) was completed after 1 week, on the day before URS and 2–6 weeks after stent removal. Stent efficacy and safety were systematically assessed.ResultsA total of 88 patients were included in the analysis. The median (range) suture stent length was 10 (5–25) cm vs 26 cm for standard stents. Operation time was longer for insertion of the suture stent (24.0 vs 14.5 min; P < 0.001). Patients with a suture stent had a significantly lower USSQ urinary symptoms score 1 week after stent insertion, adjusted for baseline symptoms by subtracting scores from the final visit without indwelling stent (mean 7.1 vs 13.7, difference −6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.4 to −9.8; P < 0.001). Prior to secondary URS (after 2–6 weeks), baseline‐adjusted urinary symptoms (mean 4.7 vs 12.2, difference −7.5, 95% CI −4.5 to −10.4; P < 0.001) and pain subscores (11.5 vs 17.6, difference −6.1, 95% CI −0.7 to −11.6; P = 0.004) were significantly lower in the suture stent group. All other USSQ subscores showed no significant differences. Adverse events occurred in 15 patients and were similarly frequent in the two groups. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding ureteric access during secondary URS.ConclusionReplacement of the distal part of ureteric stents by a suture can reduce stent‐associated symptoms without restrictions regarding secondary stone removal or safety.
Long‐term effects of a toddler‐focused caries prevention programme among Northwestern US tribal children: The TOTS‐to‐Tweens study
Authors: Smith Nicole Holdaway , Lutz Tam , Maupomé Gerardo , Lapidus Jodi , Jimenez Candice , Janis Maxine , Schwarz Eli , Becker Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to determine whether American Indian tribe‐based interventions that successfully prevented toddler dental caries in a 2005 cohort study (the Toddler Overweight and Tooth Decay Prevention Study, or TOTS) influenced the prevalence of dental caries in children ages 11 to 13 in the same communities ten years later (the TOTS‐to‐Tweens study).MethodsWe recruited original TOTS participants and conducted school‐ and community‐based dental screenings at tribal communities that received family plus community‐wide interventions (F + CW), community interventions only (CW) or were control communities. We also enrolled children who did not participate in TOTS, but were exposed to CW interventions or to the control environment. Trained clinicians examined children's teeth and recorded whether each tooth was decayed, missing or filled (DMFT). We calculated DMFT scores for each child and evaluated differences in DMFT incidence rate ratios (IRR) and components of DMFT by intervention group.ResultsWe observed lower age‐ and sex‐adjusted DMFT scores among F + CW children (a mean of 2.1 DMFT; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4‐2.7) and among CW children (2.2; 95% CI: 1.9‐2.6), than control children (3.0; 95% CI: 2.3‐3.7). The F + CW group had 32% lower DMFT scores than control children (IRR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46‐1.01), and CW children had 26% lower DMFT scores than control (IRR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55‐1.00). The proportion of children with filled teeth was higher in control than intervention communities (37.9% in F + CW, 47.1% in CW, and 67.1% in control, P = .002).ConclusionsOur findings suggest modest yet significant long‐term effects of interventions that prevented toddler dental caries on the DMFT scores of tweens evaluated ten years later. Further study of effective interventions and their sustainability is clearly warranted among tribal children, who remain at high risk for dental caries.
National patterns in paediatric hospital admissions for dental extractions in England
Authors: Broomhead Tom , Rodd Helen D. , Baker Sarah R. , Jones Kate , Davies Gill , White Sandra , Wilcox David , Allen Zoe , Marshman Zoe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPaediatric hospital admissions for dental extractions remain a cause for concern, despite decreasing levels of dental diseases in some areas of the country. While local investigations have taken place, little is known about national patterns, and how the relationship between the number of hospital admissions and key independent variables differs across England. The aim of this study was to examine spatial differences in the number of paediatric hospital admissions for extractions in relation to four key independent variables: dental caries, deprivation, units of dental activity and child access to dentists.MethodsHospital admissions data (for all dental‐related reasons) were taken from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for England (2017/18) for children and adolescents aged up to 19 years. All data were collected at local authority level. Geographically weighted regression was used to examine associations between the number of hospital admissions and the independent variables, as well as the strength of these associations and how they differed spatially.ResultsGeographically weighted regression revealed considerable differences in the associations between the number of paediatric hospital admissions and the independent variables across England, with distinct regional clusters identified in the data. Some areas exhibited positive associations between independent variables and the number of hospital admissions, such as in Yorkshire and areas of south‐west, south‐east and north‐west England, where greater mean dmft scores were associated with greater numbers of hospital admissions. Negative associations were also found, such as in south‐west, north‐west and North East England, where higher deprivation scores were associated with lower admission numbers. Despite the patterns found, a much smaller sample of the associations between the independent variables and the number of hospital admissions was statistically significant.ConclusionsThis analysis allows for a better understanding of the spatial associations between the number of hospital admissions and key independent variables, as well as how changes to these independent variables may affect the number of admissions in each local authority. These findings should be considered in the context of the limitations of HES dataset.
Integrating biobanking minimises inbreeding and produces significant cost benefits for a threatened frog captive breeding programme
Authors: Howell Lachlan G. , Frankham Richard , Rodger John C. , Witt Ryan R. , Clulow Simon , Upton Rose M. O. , Clulow John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCaptive breeding is an integral part of global conservation efforts despite high costs and adverse genetic effects associated with unavoidably small population sizes. Supplementing captive‐bred populations with biobanked founder sperm to restore genetic diversity offers a solution to colony size, costs and inbreeding, yet is rarely done, partly due to a lack of concrete examples or awareness amongst the conservation community of the huge potential benefits. We present a model system of the cost and genetic benefits achieved by incorporating biobanking into captive breeding of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa). Backcrossing with frozen sperm every generation resulted in very large reductions in required programme expenditure compared to traditional captive breeding. This model supports the view that integration of biobanking into captive breeding would make longstanding and previously unachievable genetic diversity retention targets feasible (90% source population heterozygosity for a minimum of 100 years) at much reduced costs. This study suggests that the credibility of captive breeding as a conservation strategy would be enhanced by integrating genome storage and assisted breeding to produce far larger numbers of animals of higher genetic quality. This innovation would justify increased public and agency support for captive breeding.
Donor management using a specialized donor care facility is associated with higher organ utilization from drug overdose donors
Authors: Frye Christian Corbin , Gauthier Jason M. , Bery Amit , Gerull William D. , Morkan Deniz B. , Liu Jingxia , Shea Harrison M. , Terada Yuriko , Van Zanden Judith E. , Marklin Gary F. , Pasque Michael K. , Nava Ruben G. , Meyers Bryan F. , Patterson Alexander G. , Kozower Benjamin D. , Hachem Ramsey , Byers Derek , Witt Chad , Kulkarni Hrishikesh , Kreisel Daniel , Puri Varun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrug overdoses have tripled in the United States over the last two decades. With the increasing demand for donor organs, one potential consequence of the opioid epidemic may be an increase in suitable donor organs. Unfortunately, organs from donors dying of drug overdose have poorer utilization rates than other groups of brain‐dead donors, largely due to physician and recipient concerns about viral disease transmission. During the study period of 2011 to 2016, drug overdose donors (DODs) account for an increasingly greater proportion of the national donor pool. We show that a novel model of donor care, known as specialized donor care facility (SDCF), is associated with an increase in organ utilization from DODs compared to the conventional model of hospital‐based donor care. This is likely related to the close relationship of the SDCF with the transplant centers, leading to improved communication and highly efficient donor care.
Im/migrant Farmworker Deportability Fears and Mental Health in the Trump Era: A Study of Polimigra and Contramigra in New York State
Authors: Medeiros Melanie A. , Guzmán Jennifer R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Trump administration’s policies have created a climate of heightened hostility in the U.S. northern borderlands that exacerbates im/migrant farmworkers’ anxieties surrounding deportation and family separation. At the same time, Trump’s enforcement initiatives have inspired resistance efforts aimed at mitigating these threats. Drawing on evidence from ethnographic research with Mexican and Guatemalan farmworkers in New York, we explore these interrelated, countervalent trends. First, we show how farmworkers’ heightened fears and social isolation since the outset of Trump’s presidency negatively impact their emotional and mental health. Second, we trace an opposing force of state‐level political shifts and local activities that may be mitigating these detrimental effects for im/migrant farmworkers. In particular, we focus on pro‐immigrant advocacy efforts in New York. We refer to this pro‐immigrant turn as contramigra, a phenomenon of intentional pushback against immigration detention and polimigra cooperation tactics between nonfederal law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.