bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Deciphering of Cancer Imbalances: Using Information-Theoretic Surprisal Analysis for Understanding of Cancer Systems
Authors: Kravchenko-Balasha Nataly 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChanges in free energy define the direction of spontaneous changes in chemistry, physics, and engineering. In this chapter, I show that, similar to systems in chemistry and physics, the interpretation of molecular alterations using a thermodynamic-based information-theoretic approach and quantifications of those alterations in the framework of free–energy changes allows the prediction and rational manipulation of biological phenotypes, such as the spatial distributions of aggressive brain tumor cells, the direction of cell–cell movement or cell response to drug treatments. Any physical system, including nonequilibrium systems, reaches a state of minimal free energy that is subject to constraints. Surprisal analysis, a thermodynamic-based information-theoretic algorithm, was developed with the purpose of quantifying the constraints, and thereby predict the direction of change, in molecular reactions. In biological systems, the numbers of transcript/protein molecules are not free to vary in the cells but rather are limited, or constrained, by regulatory processes. Thus, the physical framework of constraints that deviate the system from a state of minimum free energy (e.g. steady state) provides the predictive understanding of molecular changes in response to perturbations, such as drug treatments. The chapter discusses how surprisal analysis can be used to predict biological behaviors, including the further development and extension of the theory to the field of personalized cancer medicine.
Office Bohemia
Authors: Homestead Melissa J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Edith Lewis moved to Greenwich Village in 1903 to pursue literary work and Bohemian life. Willa Cather visited her there twice before moving to the Village herself in 1906 to become an editor at McClure’s Magazine, the staff of which Lewis also joined. This chapter argues that Lewis’s editorial collaboration with Cather emerged out of their work at McClure’s. It also argues that when they moved in together in 1908, they followed the example of Sarah Orne Jewett and Annie Fields, whom Cather had met while working for McClure’s in Boston. Cather left magazine work to take up full-time authorship, but Lewis continued working at McClure’s and then Every Week. Lewis gave up writing bylined fiction and poetry, but together she and Cather merged pragmatism and idealism, the market and aesthetics.
Performers, Structure, and Ways of Knowing
Authors: Leong Daphne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis opening chapter presents the book’s overarching project: the illumination of relations between analysis and performance through theorist-performer collaborations on twentieth-century works. The project is set in the context of two distinct though overlapping disciplines: the tradition of relating analysis and performance within the field of music theory, and the field of musical performance studies. Musical structure, on which the book focuses, is broadly defined as relations among parts and whole, emerging through interactions of objective materials and subjective agency. Ways of knowing that arise in the course of relating analysis and performance are encapsulated by wissen (knowing that), können (knowing how), and kennen (knowing, as in knowing a person). The book’s title and form (a theme and variations) are briefly described. Two rehearsal vignettes (from Crumb’s Four Nocturnes for violin and piano and Shende’s Throw Down or Shut Up!), the first accompanied by a performance video, frame the chapter.
Reception and Structure
Authors: Leong Daphne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the results of an experiment testing audience response to Robert Morris’s Clear Sounds among Hills and Waters (1989, revised 2013), for solo piano, under five different preparatory conditions: simple identification (ID), program note (PN), aesthetic/visual introduction by the composer on video (AES), structural/aural introduction by the composer on video (STR), and the combination of all of the preceding (CMB). Qualitative analysis of responses suggested that preparations ID, STR, PN, AES, and CMB, in that order, were increasingly beneficial for audience appreciation and understanding. The piece’s context and meaning needed to be explained before structural information could be employed effectively. The combination of aesthetic with structural information was more helpful than either alone. Indirect knowledge about the piece must translate into direct knowledge for greater impact. The chapter then explores broader issues implicated in audience reception of new music: characteristics of the listener, social and cultural factors, and features of the musical language, described by analogy to phonetics, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Stimuli for the experiment, including Leong’s performance of Clear Sounds on video, may be found online.
Taking Conservative News Seriously
Authors: Bauer A. J. , Nadler Anthony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter advocates for a newly concerted interdisciplinary research agenda focused on right-wing or conservative news. It provides a brief history of right-wing media and conservative news in the United States from the early twentieth century to the present. It suggests that scholars of history, rhetoric, political communication, journalism studies, and media sociology ought to converge around the study of historical and contemporary “conservative news cultures,” defined as the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. It notes that journalism studies scholars have a unique role to play in developing the burgeoning subfield of conservative news studies, and suggests that foregrounding conservative news will contribute to long-standing themes in journalism and political communication research, including shifting conceptions of journalistic professionalism, the cultural authority and legitimacy of the press, and the history of political polarization.
“From a Christian Perspective”
Authors: Ward Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter identifies a distinct evangelical Christian genre of conservative news and explores its prevalence in contemporary evangelical media and especially news/talk radio programming. Such programming posits a “Christian worldview,” which is aligned with a conservative political identity that is inseparable from religious practice and white evangelical Protestant modes of apprehending the world. Doing so, conservative Christian news producers lay claim to a legitimacy that is undergirded by biblical authority as they set news agendas and frame stories. The chapter also situates the Christian radio genre within a long history of evangelical struggles over access to broadcasting resources and locates the current genre formation of evangelical news/talk within the United States’ deregulated and highly consolidated broadcast markets.
The Power-Holder
Authors: Hermans Hubert J. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this chapter the reader is invited to look in the dark mirror of the power-holder in ourselves as someone who wants to dominate and limit other individuals or groups in the development of their potential. Referring to an obedience experiment, a prison experiment, and autobiographical material, the chapter aims to show that not only in situations in which obedience is required but also in situations in which people have some freedom to act as they want, power over someone else can manifest itself in an unbridled way. After describing the outcomes of these experiments, the chapter continues to explore the mechanisms of authoritarianism as a phenomenon that is spreading in contemporary societies like an oil slick.
Diagnosis
Authors: Spencer Danielle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the phenomenon of metagnosis, defined here as a revelation of a long-standing undetected condition effecting a change in the terms of knowledge. In the medical sense, it can occur when a condition has remained undetected and/or when the diagnostic criteria have shifted, as with autism spectrum disorders. It also describes nonmedical revelations of knowledge bearing upon selfhood, such as unexpected genetic test results. The phenomenon’s relevance to individuals who experience it and to clinicians is discussed, as it offers a potentially new framing of identity and experience. In addition, its relevance to our understanding of medical knowledge as such is explored, for it alerts us to the presence of unknown unknowns and prompts us to reconcile this awareness with our conception of diagnosis and clinical authority. Finally, the plan for the book is outlined, its thesis and structure summarized.
The Rights-Based Approach to Health
Authors: Bustreo Flavia , Doebbler Curtis F.J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the rights-based approach to health. This approach is based on the human right to health but looks beyond that right to focus on cross-cutting human rights principles for ensuring that health outcomes are achieved in a manner consistent with the foundational values of human rights. The rights-based approach to health is thus a key strategy in the development and implementation of health policy – based on principles of participation, equality and non-discrimination, transparency, and accountability. Examining these human rights principles, the rights-based approach has developed from rhetoric to practice, guiding health policy so as to provide for the highest attainable level of health for all. Nevertheless, the rights-based approach to health faces challenges as health and human rights address a larger global health landscape of state and non-state actors and find new meaning under the Sustainable Development Goals.
The Making of a Terrorist
Authors: Horn Jeff 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alexandre Rousselin biography explores how the French Revolution inspired an educated Parisian to become a terrorist and then spent the next forty-five years dealing with the consequences of his choices. Alexandre Rousselin became the confidential secretary of Camille Desmoulins and Georges-Jacques Danton before undertaking two missions to Champagne as a commissioner for the Committee of Public Safety in the fall of 1793. His enthusiastic implementation of the Terror left him vulnerable to denunciation as a terrorist after the fall of his patrons. Sent before the Revolutionary Tribunal, he was acquitted, as part of political shift that brought down Maximilien Robespierre. Rousselin spent the next few years in and out of jail as he sought rehabilitation despite ongoing denunciations. The coup d’etat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799 made him an outsider. Rousselin had to find other means of earning a living and being useful. Acquiring a noble title, he helped to found the liberal standard-bearer Le Constitutionnel, the bestselling newspaper in the world in the 1820s, where he fought against censorship and for limitations on government authority paving the way for the Revolution of 1830. Although the newspaper made him rich and influential, he retired in 1838 to write history in order to avoid the consequences of his past as a terrorist. His biography explores the role of emotions and institutions across the Age of Revolution for the large generation of survivors of this exceptional trauma: Rousselin’s choices show how a revolutionary became a liberal.
Liberalism and the Press, 1816–1838
Authors: Horn Jeff 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rousselin was part of a team of liberal Bonapartists who founded a newspaper during the Hundred Days. It struggled with censorship and finding a permanent name, but from 1819 until World War I, the newspaper became Le Constitutionnel. It was a swift success, becoming the bestselling newspaper on the planet by 1825; its profits made Rousselin wealthy. The paper became the liberal standard-bearer in criticizing the growing authority of the Roman Catholic Church and the Bourbon government for its heavy-handed censorship, fighting numerous battles in the courts and in public opinion. The liberal critique helped undermine support for the government among the elite, and facilitated the Revolution of 1830 and the installation of Rousselin’s friend Louis-Philippe d’Orléans as “King of the French.” Renewed attention to Rousselin’s terrorist past led him to sell his stake in Le Constitutionnel in 1838.
Keep Stylistics Great
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A good deal of the most valuable current work in stylistics concerns political topics. However, politics is not a focus of Style in Narrative. Hogan therefore devotes this brief afterword to suggesting that the book’s approach to stylistic analysis may potentially enrich political analysis. Specifically, recalling Roman Jakobson’s famous analysis of the Dwight Eisenhower campaign slogan, “I Like Ike,” Hogan considers the levels of story, plot, and narration in Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign slogan, “Make America Great Again,” in part by contrast with Hillary Clinton’s “I’m With Her.” Contrary to what one would expect from Trump’s policies, the slogan shows considerable subtlety, which can be identified and explained by careful, stylistic analysis.
Out of the Cradle
Authors: Price Max D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle constituted the package of domesticated animals that spread throughout the Near East, and later to Central and South Asia, Europe, and Africa. But domestic pig husbandry spread more slowly, often appearing centuries or even millennia after the domestication of ruminants. Environmental and cultural factors were likely responsible for this slow spread. During the Late Neolithic, people innovated agriculture and livestock-keeping strategies. These included intensive forms of pig husbandry, perhaps in order to supply pork for feasts. In addition, by the Chalcolithic period, people intensified ruminant management in order to maximize the exploitation of secondary products. This led to the “secondary products revolution.” As a result, while the other barnyard animals became increasingly tied to wealth in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age—cattle for their ability to provide traction power, sheep and goats for their wool/hair—pigs were excluded from this development.
The Coming of the Taboo: Pigs in the Iron Age
Authors: Price Max D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zooarchaeological evidence from the Iron Age southern Levant allows the reconstruction of a taboo among the ancient Israelites, which developed in large part as a reaction against the food habits of the Philistines. This taboo emerged more powerfully during the writing of the Torah in Judah in the late 8th–7th century BC. Biblical writers strove to develop an image of a heroic Israelite past as part of a project to create a sense of ethnic togetherness among Hebrew-speaking peoples. They drew upon two, possibly three, sources of inspiration. The first was a traditional diet focused on ruminant products and lacking in pork; the second, the existing (but at that point waning) pig taboo. The third element, less clear, was the taboo on pigs that applied to priests and temples in other parts of the Near East. The biblical authors found these existing traditions helpful in creating a picture of a glorious pastoral ancestry.
‘Not Death, but Love’
Authors: Blair Kirstie , Stone Marjorie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 2009, a long-unlocated notebook—MSS, by ElizabethBBarrett—re-entered the public domain, including among its contents a sequence titled Sonnets in the night and a previously uncatalogued and unknown draft of ‘Sonnet V’ of Sonnets from the Portuguese, predating all extant manuscripts of this much studied work. The first section of this chapter (Kirstie Blair) analyses the making and unmaking of Sonnets in the night, considering its intricate ordering and EBB’s disassembling of an elegiac sequence which, if published in its notebook form, might have anticipated Tennyson’s In Memoriam in its thematic motifs (voice, song, silence, tears, work, consolation). Section II (Marjorie Stone) further analyses this unmaking in exploring the complicated relations between EBB’s elegiac sequence and Sonnet V of Sonnets from the Portuguese, arguing that composition of the amatory sequence may have begun with the tangled, turbulent draft of this pivotal sonnet, connecting smouldering grief to newly awakened love.
The Referendum in Britain
Authors: Atkinson Lucy , Blick Andrew , Qvortrup Matt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The tumultuous Brexit experience demonstrated the potentially immense significance of the referendum to British politics. This episode demonstrated the importance of extensive assessment of this democratic device. One means of gaining greater understanding of the referendum is by considering it in the context of British history, both as an idea and as a practical instrument. This work fills a gap in the existing literature in considering the origins and implementation of referendums in Britain. It considers a number of themes that have arisen in the context of the most recent British referendum (on European Union membership in 2016): the place of referendums within British democracy; their particular application at given times; the reasons they are held; to whom they might and might not appeal and why; their consequences; and their tendency to generate controversy. It addresses the following overarching question: when and why did such votes take place in the UK? It also asks: (from the perspective of Britain) how did the idea of using the referendum develop; what was the significance of the international context for the advocacy and application of this device; how was it perceived; to what extent and how did it come to be incorporated into the political system; and what has been the significance of the referendum; especially from the perspective of the British constitution?
Margaret Mead
Authors: Coffman Elesha J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For 50 years, Margaret Mead told Americans how cultures worked, and Americans listened. While serving as a curator at the American Museum of Natural History and as a professor of anthropology at Columbia University, she published dozens of books and hundreds of articles, scholarly and popular, on topics ranging from adolescence to atomic energy, Polynesian kinship networks to kindergarten, national morale to marijuana. At her death in 1978, she was the most famous anthropologist in the world and one of the best-known women in America. She had amply achieved her goal, as she described it to an interviewer in 1975, “To have lived long enough to be of some use.” As befits her prominence, Mead has had many biographers, but there is a curious hole at the center of these accounts: Mead’s faith. Margaret Mead: A Twentieth-Century Faith introduces a side of its famous subject that few people know. It re-narrates her life and reinterprets her work, highlighting religious concerns. Following Mead’s lead, it ranges across areas that are often kept academically distinct: anthropology, gender studies, intellectual history, church history, and theology. It is a portrait of a mind at work, pursuing a unique vision of the good of the world.
Bread and Wine
Authors: Coffman Elesha J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
If Mead had only been weighing whether to stay with Luther Cressman or marry Reo Fortune, the year after her trip to Samoa would have been difficult enough. But there was another person very much on her mind and in her heart, Ruth Benedict. Mead’s attempts to parse her feelings for, and duties to, all of these people caused great agony. While the sexual and psychological dimensions of these relationships have been explored at some length by other biographers, the spiritual aspects have received less attention. It is perhaps most accurate to say that, while Mead did not find the sexual ethics of her chosen denomination compelling, the symbols and metaphors of faith continued to shape her perspective.
Legal Changes and Constitutional Adjudication in Portuguese Social Law in Consequence of the European Financial Crisis
Authors: Vieira de Andrade José Carlos , Loureiro João Carlos , Tavares da Silva Suzana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Portugal was affected simultaneously by an economic, financial, and budgetary crisis. It is in this context that in 2011 the country signed an MoU on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality with the EU, the ECB, and the IMF, which prescribed cuts on social expenses in wages, pensions, and other benefits of an ‘assistentialist’ nature. The legal measures adopted in this respect focused mostly on the social security scheme and introduced changes in the legal framework for future pensions and unemployment benefits, new contributions for pensions in payment, and former non-contributory benefits, as well as cuts in pensions and benefits. Throughout the years, the President of the Republic, members of the parliament, and the Ombudsman have asked the Constitutional Court to assess many of the rules included in the State Budget Laws, arguing a violation of fundamental social rights and basic principles such as human dignity, equality, and the protection of legitimate expectations. This led to the issuance of new and important constitutional case law in Portugal, concerning mainly the assessment of legislative measures under the fundamental principles of legitimate expectations, proportionality, and ‘equal proportionality’.
Ireland, Literature, and the Coast
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The islands of Ireland are shaped by their relationships with land and sea. This book is a study of the various and changing ways in which literature has drawn the coast in lines that shape the contours of cultural experience. The literary and historical study of the sea has swelled in the last decade, as has an interest in the littoral and the archipelagic. Beginning with the early works of William Butler Yeats, this book travels through the diverse hydroscapes of Irish literature from the late nineteenth century to the present, framing writers and artists from James Joyce to Anne Enright in liquid, and maritime contexts. In doing so it suggests new planetary frames through which to read literature’s relationships with the sea and its margins. With readings of contemporary writers, including Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Kevin Barry, Seamus Heaney, Sinead Morrissey, and John Banville, and literary magazines, including The Bell, Atlantis, and Archipelago, this book is the first sustained study of Irish coastal literature.
Introduction
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the work. Four interconnected aspects of John’s thought constitute, it is suggested, a bold and sophisticated account of desire that may enrich current research and reflection. None of these aspects is, by itself, unique to John. Taken as a whole, however, they form an account that has not been adequately recognized in recent academic studies of John’s thought, and which may deepen and enrich the theological grounding of recent accounts of desire. First, these four contributions are surveyed. Then a survey of recent theological approaches to desire is undertaken, before finally indicating, as will be laid out more fully in the conclusion, the resources offered by John’s thought that may aid the ongoing theological recovery of desire.