bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent updates in supratentorial ependymoma with approach to integrated diagnosis: Review
Authors: Jagtap Sunil Vitthalrao , Jagtap Shubham S , Ghadge Neha N , Chavan Vaibhav V , Jadhav Abhilasha S , Bandolkar Nishant D 
Published: December 2024

Ependymomas are a distinct entity of glial tumor. We describe a patient with a supratentorial ependymoma with extensive calcification. A 28 year old male patient came with complaints of bilateral upper limb and lower limb weakness, head ache, accompanied by vertigo, vomiting, twice focal seizures over the past two to three months. Associated with lethargy and dizziness. Previous history of transient ischemic attack was there for which treatment was received. He had no history of hypertension, diabetes. On physical examination, spasticity present in both lower extremity and left unilateral grade II facial nerve palsy. Clinical diagnosis was give as right parietal space occupying lesion. CT, MRI brain showed well-defined heterogenously enhancing multilobulated, intra-axial lesion in right parietal lobe involving the post central gyrus with areas of calcification and necrosis. Features suggestive of primary malignant glial neoplasm. He underwent right craniotomy with excision of space occupying lesion. Histopathologically reported as Ependymomas with extensive intratumoral calcification. The tumour on immunostaining was positive for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and L1CAM was focally positive. The Ki-67 labelling index was less than 2%. Expression of p53 protein, IDH-1, and neuronal proteins such as synaptophysin and enolase was not observed. we report this case of supratentorial Ependymoma for its clinical, radioimaging, histopathological, immunohistochemical findings with recent updates and approach to integrated diagnosis. The ependymoma with extensive intratumoral calcification is rare finding.
ظواهر التدخل المفرداتي في مجموعة الوتساب "دروس اللغة" (دراسة تحليلية تقومية)
Authors: Arifah Nurdiana , Wulandari Novia 
Published: December 2024

The existence of the WhatsApp group “Language Lessons” is as a wasilah to train Arabic language skills. In the process of communication trough the group, there was interference with mufrodat. So that in this study a descriptive qualitative method is used to analyze and describe the mufrodat error. The data source used in this study is the writing language in the whatsApp group “Language Lessons”. And in the data analysis, three stages are used, namely the data condensation stage, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The focus of the research in this study is two, the first is how the interference phenomenon occurs in the Durusul Lughah WhatsApp Group. And the second is what is meant by the type of mufrodat error that occurs in the Durusul Lughah WhatsApp Group. Then the result of the focus of the problem is that the phenomenon of mufrodat fatigue often occur when they send a message through written language. And this type of mufrodat errors is caused by the lack of knowledge possessed by the speaker about mufrodat, and also due to the influence of the mother tongue.(WhatsApp grup “Durusul Lughah” yaitu adalah media untuk melatih kemampuan berbahasa arab. Komunikasi yang digunakan di grup ini menggunakan bahasa arab aktif, baik tulis maupun bicara. Sehingga peneliti menemukan interferensi bahasa saat anggota grup menulis pesan. Objek penelitian ini adalah tulisan pesan di WAG “Durusul Lughah”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tentang interferensi mufrodat tersebut. Fokus penelitian dalam kajian ini yaitu ada dua, yang pertama bagaimana fenomena interferensi yang terjadi di WhatsApp grup “Durusul Lughah”. Dan yang kedua apa yang dimaksud dengan jenis kesalahan mufrodat yang terjadi di WhatsApp grup “Durusul Lughah”. Kemudian hasil dari fokus perasalahan tersebut bahwa fenomena kesalahan mufroat banyak terjadi ketika mereka mengirim sebuah pesan melalui bahasa tulisan. Dan jenis kesalahan mufrodat tersebut diakibatkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh penutur tentang mufrodat, dan juga diakibatkan oleh pengaruh dari bahasa ibu).
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E DIREITO: UMA ANÁLISE DO SINAPSES – IA DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA (TJRO)
Authors: Alexandrino de Souza Gomes Natascha , Rodrigues Novo Jose Raniel , Lima Nascimento Luciano 
Published: December 2024

O uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) no direito brasileiro já é uma realidade e a tendência é de se expandir cada vez mais; contudo, não sem riscos ao devido processo legal, bem como aos direitos e garantias fundamentais. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objeto avaliar o impacto do sistema Sinapses, IA desenvolvida pelo Tribunal de Justiça do estado de Rondônia (que é o modelo brasileiro de IA, para o Conselho Nacional de Justiça), e suas implicações nos direitos fundamentais, na transparência e normas éticas. Para tanto, o estudo se vale da metodologia de pesquisa documental, revisão bibliográfica e análise dos dados quali-quantitativamente, bem como utilizando o método dedutivo. Segundo CNJ (2023), a última pesquisa mapeou 111 projetos de Inteligência Artificial desenvolvidos por 53 tribunais. Como resultado, a pesquisa evidencia que o Sistema Sinapses tem a finalidade de nacionalizar os modelos já desenvolvidos nas diversas esferas judiciais e, com isso, a justificativa de sua criação é aprimorar os serviços prestados pelo Judiciário brasileiro. Todavia, não podemos perder de vista que a celeridade processual, apesar de relevante, não pode desconsiderar o devido processo legal, os direitos e garantias fundamentais. Além disso, o TJRO deve garantir o respeito pelas regras relativas à proteção de dados pessoais e normas éticas correlatas. Ademais, destaca-se a falta de transparência do Poder Judiciário nessa implementação.
THE EFFECT OF MOBILIZATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF FLATULENCE IN POST SECTIO CAESAREA PATIENTS
Authors: Suhartini Leni , Pardede Tiarma Uli , Rahmatika Cintya Putri , Widyastuti Sri 
Published: December 2024

<p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-ID"> Sectio Caesarea (SC) surgery causes anxiety, postoperative pain, and feelings of fear, which causes late mobilization, resulting in complaints of flatulence.</span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Objectives: </span></strong><span lang="EN-ID">To find out more about the effect of mobilization on the incidence of flatulence in post section caesarea patients. </span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Method:</span></strong><span lang="EN-ID"> This study used observational analytical studies, cross-sectional design, mothers who gave birth in January-February 2024, a population of 67 people; samples were taken by purposive sampling; mothers giving birth by SC (cito and elective). A sample of 55 respondents was obtained (SC ERACS 12 respondents, and non-ERACS 43 respondents).</span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Result:</span></strong><span lang="EN-ID"> The results found that there were as many as 13 respondents (81.3%) who experienced flatulence due to late mobilization. While in mothers who mobilized early, there was only 1 respondent (2.6%) who experienced flatulence. The results of statistical tests obtained a p value of 0.000, and it can be concluded that there is a difference in the proportion of flatulence of SC postoperative patients in mothers who do late mobilization and early mobilization (there is a significant effectiveness between mobilization and flatulence of SC postoperative patients). From the results of the analysis, the value of OR = 0.006 was also obtained, meaning that mothers who mobilize late have a 1 chance of experiencing postoperative flatulence compared to mothers who mobilize early.</span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Conclusion</span></strong><span lang="EN-ID">: Early mobilization can reduce flatulence complaints in post-SC patients. Increasing education about the importance of postoperative mobilization to recover faster and avoid other complications that can arise due to postoperative SC, create interesting educational media to increase maternal knowledge. </span></p>
Macrolophus pygmaeus (Heteroptera: Miridae) induces systemic resistance in tomato against Meloidogyne spp
Authors: Expósito Alejandro , Urbaneja-Bernat Pablo , Boncompte Sara , Fullana Aida Magdalena , Giné Ariadna , Sorribas Francisco Javier , Riudavets Jordi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The ability of Macrolophus pygmaeus to induce systemic resistance in susceptible and Mi1.2 resistant tomato against Meloidogyne spp. was evaluated in pot experiments. The susceptible cv. Roma and the resistant cv. Caramba were exposed to 15 M. pygmaeus nymphs per plant in mesh bags for 48h and then were inoculated with 1 second-stage juvenile (J2) of M. incognita or 3 J2 cm− 3 of soil of a mixed community of M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. javanica. Tomato plants were maintained in a growth chamber during 40 days. Then the number of egg masses and eggs per plant were determined. In addition, the preference of the insect was estimated confronting nematode-infected vs. non-infected plants in a Y-tube olfactometer and in insect cages, where 10 females were released into each cage containing resistant or susceptible tomato plants. After 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72h, the number of M. pygmaeus was counted as well as the offspring after 14 days. M. pygmaeus reduced the infectivity and reproduction by 37% and 53%, in the susceptible tomato inoculated with M. incognita and by 52% and 37% when inoculated with the nematode community but no effect was observed in the Mi1.2 resistant tomato irrespective of the nematode inoculum. The preference and the offspring of M. pygmaeus was not negatively affected by the nematode infection or the tomato cultivar. In conclusion, pre-induction of tomato plants with M. pygmaeus reduces RKN infectivity and reproduction in susceptible but not in Mi1.2 resistant tomato.
Photoelectrochemical iron(III)-catalysis for late-stage C–H fluoroalkylations
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Motornov Vladimir , Trienes Sven , Resta Simonetta , Oliveira João C. A. , Lin Zhipeng , Liu Zhi , von Münchow Tristan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Chemo- and site-selective functionalization of complex molecules poses a fundamental challenge. In this regard, the synergetic combination of photoexcitation with electron transfer by anodic oxidation bears unique potential for novel reaction manifolds that go beyond individual photo- or electrochemistry.1–3 Herein, we introduce a resource-economic photoelectrocatalysis strategy to enable versatile direct fluoroalkylations catalyzed by Earth-abundant iron and paired with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, the devised approach proved amenable to versatile late-stage C–H fluoroalkylations of bio-relevant heterocycles, such as xanthines, nucleobases, and nucleosides. Mechanistic studies supported a ligand-to-metal charge transfer-induced formation of the fluoroalkyl radical.
Porous Threaded Titanium Implant Screws have Higher Insertional Torque Compared to Standard Screws
Authors: Collins Andrew , Wallace Stephen , DeKeyser Graham , Polly David , Firoozabadi Reza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose Posterior pelvic ring screw back out and loss of fixation may result from poor screw purchase, prevalent in geriatric pelvic ring injuries where the cancellous bone is often osteoporotic. To reduce screw back out, there has been increasing use of porous threaded titanium implant (PTTI) screws for posterior pelvic fixation rather than standard cannulated, buttress threaded screws. This study aims to assess the insertional torque of helical PTTI screws compared to standard cannulated screws as there is limited evidence regarding the biomechanical fixation profiles among screws.Methods Fifteen orthopaedic trauma surgeons inserted screws into a validated surrogate for osteoporotic cancellous bone. Insertional torque was measured during screw placement in three separate scenarios for each surgeon: (1) placement of a standard 7.3-millimeter (mm) screw into a new bone model, (2) placement of a PTTI screw into a new bone model, and (3) placement of a PTTI screw over a previously placed 7.3mm screw hole from which it was removed (rescue screw). The insertional torque was calculated across all surgeons and analyses were conducted comparing scenarios (1) and (2), and (1) and (3).Results The average insertional torque of 7.3mm screws was 0.358 ± 0.223 Nm and the maximum insertional torque was 0.627 ± 0.365 Nm. The average insertional torque for the PTTI screws was 0.929 ± 0.551 Nm, 2.59 times more than that of the 7.3mm screw (p < 0.001) while the maximum insertional torque was 1.877 ± 0.671 Nm, 2.99 times that of the standard screw (p < 0.001). When placed into the prior 7.3mm screw hole (rescue), the PTTI screws generated an average insertional torque of 0.711 ± 0.405, still 1.99 times greater than that of the 7.3mm screw (p < 0.001), and maximum torque of 1.607 ± 0.427 Nm, 2.56 times greater than the standard screw (p < 0.001).Conclusion Significantly greater maximum and average insertional torque were generated with the PTTI screws compared to the standard screws, even when used as a rescue screw in cancellous bone models. Further studies assessing clinical outcomes and failure rates with PTTI screws will better define their clinical utility.
Baseline Cardiovascular and Oximetric Parameters Across the Lifespan of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Nugent William H. , Golub Aleksander S. , Pittman Roland N. , Song Bjorn K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Human populations are experiencing unprecedented growth and longevity creating an urgent need for research into the pathologies, mechanisms, and dysfunctions of senescence. Invasive measurements and long-term control conditions for longitudinal studies are infeasible in humans, necessitating surrogate animal models. Rats have short lifespans (2–3 years) with translatable cardiovascular systems, and Sprague Dawley microcirculatory preparations are key to studying the oxygen transport mechanisms critical to aging. Here we present baseline physiological data of 61 male, Sprague Dawley rats at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Anesthetized animals were surgically prepared for femoral arterial and venous cannulations, tracheal intubation, and exteriorization of the spinotrapezius muscle. Measurements included cardiovascular function, blood gases, and peripheral tissue interstitial oxygen tension (PISFO2) using phosphorescence quenching microscopy. Intrinsic heart rates decreased with age without significant changes to blood pressure. Arterial oxygen tension declined 17% by 18 and 24 Months (p < 0.05) while pACO2 and PISFO2 were unchanged. Lactate was elevated at 12 and 18 Months along with an alkaline shift in blood pH. Heart rate and the decline in pAO2 without a rise in pACO2 are conserved phenomena in human aging. The continuity of resting PISFO2 despite an anaerobic shift in metabolism may be due to declining mitochondrial function and dysregulation of the vascular response to hypoxemia, which are also present in aged humans. These findings contribute to our understanding of age-related physiological changes and underscore the suitability of the Sprague Dawley rat model for aging research.
Gene co-expression poorly reflects expert-curated transcription factor-target gene regulation
Authors: Sarkar Suryadipto , Blumenthal David B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) are networks with genes as nodes and edges that indicate correlation between two genes' expression profiles across several samples. Since GCNs are conceptually simply and straightforward to compute from gene expression data, they are often used as proxies for gene regulatory networks (GRNs) whose edges encode transcriptional regulation between transcription factor (TFs) and their target genes. However, many other mechanisms besides direct transcriptional regulation can lead to correlated expression profiles, including joint co-regulation and stoichiometry underlying protein-protein interactions (PPIs). We hence asked the simple question if GCNs are indeed good proxies for GRNs, and addressed it by comparing GCNs inferred from 15 healthy tissue and 15 corresponding cancer gene expression datasets to a state-of-the-art expert-curated GRN, a co-regulation network derived from the expert-curated GRN, as well as a widely used PPI network. Our results indicate that GCNs mostly reflect PPIs and joint co-regulation, casting doubt on the usage of gene co-expression as a proxy for direct transcriptional regulation.
Long-read epigenomic diagnosis and prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Marchi Francisco , Landwehr Marieke , Schade Ann-Kathrin , Shastri Vivek , Ghavami Matin , Sckaff Fernando , Marrero Richard , Nguyen Nam , Mansinghka Vikash , Cao Xueyuan , Slayton William , Starostik Petr , Ribeiro Raul , Rubnitz Jeffrey , Klco Jeffery , Gamis Alan , Triche Timothy , Ries Rhonda , Kolb Edwards Anders , Aplenc Richard , Alonzo Todd , Pounds Stanley , Meshinchi Soheil , Cogle Christopher , Elsayed Abdelrahman , Lamba Jatinder 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with dismal outcomes, vast subtype heterogeneity, and suboptimal risk stratification. In this study, we harmonized DNA methylation data from 3,314 patients across 11 cohorts to develop the Acute Leukemia Methylome Atlas (ALMA) of diagnostic relevance that predicted 27 WHO 2022 acute leukemia subtypes with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in discovery and 90.1% in validation cohorts. Specifically, for AML, we also developed AML Epigenomic Risk, a prognostic classifier of overall survival (OS) (HR=4.40; 95% CI=3.45–5.61; P<0.0001), and a targeted 38CpG AML signature using a stepwise EWAS-CoxPH-LASSO model predictive of OS (HR=3.84; 95% CI=3.01–4.91; P<0.0001). Finally, we developed a specimen-to-result protocol for simultaneous whole-genome and epigenome sequencing that accurately predicted diagnoses and prognoses from twelve prospectively collected patient samples using long-read sequencing. Our study unveils a new paradigm in acute leukemia management by leveraging DNA methylation for diagnostic and prognostic applications.
The cylindrical devices with tunable positive, infinite, and negative capacitance for dynamic random access memory
Authors: Hwang Cheol Seong , Park Hyeon Woo , Koo Won-Tae , Suh Dong Ik , Byun Seungyong , Kim Youngmo , Kim Ja-Yong , Ryu Seung Wook , Jeon Heeyoung , Im Ki Vin , Lee Gwangyeob , Youn Taeone , Yi Jaeyun , Lee Seho , Cha Seon Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The capacitance behavior of the ultra-thin ferroelectric/dielectric (FE/DE) stacked devices in the nanoscale cylindrical structure deviated from the negative capacitance (NC) state to unpredicted other states. This work confirmed that the ultra-thin (2.0–3.0 nm) FE Hf0.33Zr0.67O2 layer could have a positive capacitance, infinite capacitance, or NC by controlling the thickness of the stacked DE Al2O3 layer thickness (1.0–3.0 nm). Detailed analytical model and numerical simulation based on phase-field modeling, considering the FE polarization bound charge compensation by the injected/trapped interfacial carriers and the geometry effect of the cylinder, precisely identified the change of the inhomogeneous stray field energy, which played a crucial role in determining the capacitance state. Further analysis of the models revealed that the capacitance variation is strongly correlated to the extent of the initial polarization charge compensation of the ferroelectric domains. This work provides guidelines for developing the next-generation capacitors in dynamic random access memory.
Unique structural features in a deep-sea CYP51 relate to high pressure adaptation
Authors: Lepesheva Galina , Hargrove Tatiana , Lamb David , Wawrzak Zdzislaw , Minasov George , Goldstone Jared , Kelly Steven , Stegeman John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) form one of the largest enzyme superfamilies on Earth, with similar structural fold but biological functions varying from synthesis of physiologically essential compounds to metabolism of myriad xenobiotics. Here we determined the crystal structures of Coryphaenoides armatus and human sterol 14α-demethylases (CYP51s). Both structures reveal elements that imply elevated conformational flexibility, uncovering molecular basis for faster catalytic rates, lower substrate selectivity, and resistance to inhibition. These elements as well as the unique inward/outward location of the FG arm/β4 hairpin in the fish CYP51 structure were not predicted by artificial intelligence molecular modelling. The structural distinction of C. armatus CYP51, which is the first structurally characterized deep-sea P450, suggests stronger involvement of the membrane environment in regulation of this enzyme function. We interpret this as a co-adaptation of membrane protein structure with changes in membrane lipid composition during evolutionary incursion to life in the deep sea.
Synthesis, Reactions, and Biological Applications of 1,2,4-triazoles: A Review
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Nasr K. , Abd El-Aal Amal S. , Balboul Basma A. A. , Nayl AbdElAziz A. , Braese Stefan , Ramadan Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole substructure have been shown to have
broad biological activities. Many drugs with a 1,2,4-triazole structure have been developed
and proven: for example, ribavirin (antiviral), fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole (antifungal),
alprazolam (tranquilizer), estazolam (hypnotic, sedative), anastrozole, vorozole and
letrozole (as non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors). Given the importance of 1,2,4-triazole
scaffolds, the synthesis of their derivatives has attracted much attention. This review deals
with the synthetic methods of 1,2,4-triazole compounds in the past 20 years and illustrates
selected reactions of this class of compounds. Various biological activities of 1,2,4-triazoles
as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, antiviral, antiparasitic,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic agents are also discussed.