bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variability in Survival Rates for Adult Female White‐Tailed Deer
Authors: Haus Jacob M. , Dion Justin R. , Kalb Melissa M. , Ludwig Eric L. , Rogerson Joseph E. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAdult female survival is an important component to population models and management programs for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), but short‐term survival studies (1–3 yrs) may not accurately reflect the variation in interannual survival, which could alter management decisions. We monitored annual survival and cause‐specific mortality rates of adult female white‐tailed deer (n = 158) for 6 years (2010–2012, 2016–2018) in southern Delaware, USA. Annual survival rate differed among years. Survival rates (±SE) and mortality causes were similar in 3 years (2011 = 0.72 ± 0.08, 2017 = 0.68 ± 0.08, 2018 = 0.74 ± 0.09) and comparable to previous research from mixed forest‐agricultural landscapes. A relatively low survival rate in 2010 (0.48 ± 0.11) was influenced by hunter harvest and potentially compounded by abnormally severe winter conditions in the prior year. A peracute outbreak of hemorrhagic disease occurred during summer 2012, resulting in an annual survival rate of 0.38 ± 0.11, and to our knowledge is the first reported case of a hemorrhagic disease outbreak in a monitored wild population with known fates. In 2016, we did not observe any harvest mortality, resulting in high annual survival (0.96 ± 0.04). Our results demonstrate the degree of variability in annual survival and cause‐specific mortality rates within a population. We caution against the use of short‐term survival studies to inform management decisions, particularly when incorporating survival data into population models or when setting harvest objectives. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With or Without Treatment: Real‐World Evidence
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Shao , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Huang Chung‐Guei , Wang Robert Y.L. , Chuang Li‐Pang , Chen Ning‐Hung , Liu Chi‐Hung , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Yen , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Cheng Wen‐Nuan , Lee Li‐Ang 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with or without treatment based on real‐world evidence.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with OSA during 1997–2012 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients without OSA were randomly selected and matched in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, urbanization level, and income. All patients were followed up until death or the end of 2013. The primary outcome was AD occurrence.ResultsThis study included 3,978 OSA patients and 15,912 non‐OSA patients. OSA was independently and significantly associated with a higher incidence of AD in an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–3.56). The average period of AD detection from the time of OSA occurrence was 5.44 years (standard deviation: 2.96). Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of OSA remained significant in patients aged ≥60 years, male subgroups, patients without CPAP or surgical treatment, and patients without pharmacological therapies. Patients with OSA who received treatment (continuous positive airway pressure or surgery) exhibited a significantly reduced risk of AD compared with those without treatment (incidence rate ratio 0.23, 95% CI, 0.06–0.98).ConclusionOSA is independently associated with an increased risk of AD. Treatment for OSA reduces the AD risk in OSA patients. AD irreversibility renders OSA as a potential modifiable target for slowing or preventing the process of AD development.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 130:2292–2298, 2020
Synthesis of linear symmetric antenna arrays using improved bat algorithm
Authors: Pan Yusheng , Zhang Jiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, in order to solve the problem of linear array synthesis with upper and lower bounds and aperture constraints, the improved bat algorithm (IBA) is proposed. The IBA embeds an adaptive local search strategy to enhance population diversity. Compared with other algorithms in antenna sidelobe suppression simulation, the bat algorithm has higher accuracy and effectiveness, and does not need to adjust too many parameters.
Privacy‐preserving cloud‐fog–based traceable road condition monitoring in VANET
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Lei , Qu Wenlei , Liu Zhaoman , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWith the development of intelligent vehicles, the research on road condition monitoring has attracted much attention in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The combination of VANET, cloud computing, and fog computing provides on‐demand computational resources while creating a lot of new challenges. In this paper, we propose an efficient privacy‐preserving cloud‐fog–based traceable road surface condition monitoring scheme. We use certificateless aggregate signcryption technology to implement multiple messages aggregation verification, which greatly saves computing resources and bandwidth. Moreover, we also use a traceable vehicle pseudo identity generated by a trace authority (TRA) to achieve identity privacy protection. To ensure the privacy of the fog and cloud server, the road condition information is reported in ciphertext format. In addition, the cloud server can perform ciphertext equivalence test operation to distinguish different road condition information of the same area without compromising the confidentiality. The ciphertext, which exceeds the set threshold, is uploaded to the blockchain. It can be stored permanently and never be tampered with or deleted. Finally, we demonstrate the correctness of the proposed scheme and show that the proposed scheme has higher efficiency.
Halogen Bonding in Two‐Dimensional Crystal Engineering
Authors: Teyssandier Joan , Mali Kunal S. , De Feyter Steven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHalogen bonds, which provide an intermolecular interaction with moderate strength and high directionality, have emerged as a promising tool in the repertoire of non‐covalent interactions. In this review, we provide a survey of the literature where halogen bonding was used for the fabrication of supramolecular networks on solid surfaces. The definitions of, and the distinction between halogen bonding and halogen‐halogen interactions are provided. Self‐assembled networks formed at the solution/solid interface and at the vacuum‐solid interface, stabilized in part by halogen bonding, are discussed. Besides the broad classification based on the interface at which the systems are studied, the systems are categorized further as those sustained by halogen‐halogen and halogen‐heteroatom contacts.
Effect of ceria nanoparticles on mechanical properties, thermal and dielectric properties of poly (butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Suhailath K. , Ramesan M. T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoly (butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) reinforced with various contents of ceria (CeO2) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple in situ polymerization method and their mechanical properties, thermal transitions, and electrical properties were studied in detail. The incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles in the PBMA matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The increase in absorption intensity of UV‐Visible spectra by the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles shows the better dispersion of nanoparticles in the PBMA chain. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns further revealed the semi‐crystalline behavior of the PBMA by the addition of nanoparticles. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of PBMA was significantly enhanced in presence of CeO2 particles. The higher thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites than that of pure PBMA was revealed from the TG analysis. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity of nanocomposites were higher than PBMA, and these electrical properties increased with the loading of ceria nanoparticles. The improvement in tensile strength and the decrease in elongation at break of composites than pure PBMA indicated the better reinforcement of ceria nanoparticles in PBMA matrix. The mechanism of increase in tensile strength of a composite by the incorporation of nanoparticles was studied by different theoretical modeling. In general, compared with pure PBMA, the polymer nanocomposite exhibited superior dielectric constant, thermal and mechanical properties, which enables their use in the fabrication of high energy storage nanoelectronic devices.
The thinner the better: Evidence on the internalization of the slimness ideal in Chinese college students
Authors: Wang Kui , Liang Rui , Yu Xinyang , Shum David H. K. , Roalf David , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInternalization of the “thin ideal” is a risk factor for eating pathology. It is unclear how pervasive the thin ideal is among young Chinese. In the current study, 97 participants reported their subjective willingness to be thin and their eating‐disorder‐related weight‐controlling behaviors, and then finished a picture judgment task to implicitly detect their perception of the importance of thinness to attractiveness. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data. Among female participants, 79.59% wanted a thinner body. Participants' level of willingness to be thin correlated positively with frequency of eating‐disorder‐related weight‐controlling behaviors, r = .47, p < .05. In the implicit task, the judgment of others' attractiveness correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI) evaluation, and this relationship was stronger for women's pictures than for men's pictures. Additionally, an individual's willingness to be thin enhanced the relationship between BMI evaluation and attractiveness judgment. The notion “the thinner the better” seems to be widely accepted among young Chinese.
A mindfulness‐based intervention for caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Pilot results
Authors: Vinci Christine , Pidala Joseph , Lau Penny , Reblin Maija , Jim Heather 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite high levels of stress, there are few empirically supported stress management interventions for caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) cancer patients. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and various stress‐related outcomes from pre‐ to post‐treatment of a pilot, single‐arm trial of a 6‐week mindfulness‐based intervention (FOCUS) for stress management. Caregivers (N = 21; 76% female; mean age = 57.43) were enrolled prior to patient transplant and received FOCUS during the first 90 days post‐transplant. Findings indicated that FOCUS was highly feasible and acceptable (e.g., 71% attended at least four of six sessions; 100% reported using the skills learned at follow‐up; high treatment engagement). Significant increases in mindfulness, post‐traumatic growth, and general mental health were observed, along with significant decreases in negative affect (all ps < .05).
A Comparative Study of Two BAM Designs for Friction Sensitivity Testing of Explosives
Authors: Phillips Jason J. , Ching Mitchell L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new commercial design of BAM friction tester that utilizes a programmable servo motor was tested in comparison to the traditional cam‐driven model. Displacement and velocity profiles were analyzed for both designs; significant differences were found between the two designs, most notable of which is that the traditional cam‐driven unit has plate velocities that can be 50–75 % greater than those seen on the servo‐driven model. Five energetic materials were also tested on each machine, including PETN, RDX, HMX, CL‐20, and HNAB. Results from the servo‐driven model generally showed slightly less sensitivity when compared to the cam driven model, though the magnitude of the difference is not significant enough to require modification of safe handling procedures for the materials tested.
An evaluation of different forest cover geospatial data for riparian shading and river temperature modelling
Authors: Dugdale Stephen J. , Hannah David M. , Malcolm Iain A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRiparian tree planting is increasingly being used as a strategy to shade river corridors and offset the impact of climate change on river temperature. Because the circumstances under which tree planting generates the greatest impact are still largely unknown, researchers are increasingly using process‐based models to simulate the impacts of tree planting (or felling) on river temperature. However, the high‐resolution data on existing riparian tree cover needed to parameterise these models can be difficult to obtain, especially in data‐sparse areas. In this paper, we compare the performance of a river temperature model parameterised with a range of different tree cover datasets, to assess whether tree cover data extracted from readily available GIS databases or coarser (i.e., 2–5 m) digital elevation products are able to generate river temperature simulations approaching the accuracy of higher resolution structure from motion (SfM) or LiDAR. Our results show that model performance for simulations incorporating these data is generally degraded in relation to LiDAR/SfM inputs and that tree cover data from “alternative” sources can lead to unexpected temperature model outcomes. We subsequently use our model to simulate the addition/removal of riparian tree cover from alongside the river channel. Simulations indicate that the vast majority of the “shading effect” is generated by tree cover within the 5‐m zone immediately adjacent to the river channel, a key finding with regards to developing efficient riparian tree planting strategies. These results further emphasise the importance of incorporating the highest possible resolution tree cover data when running tree planting/clearcutting scenario simulations.
Addition of Pulses, Cooking Oils, and Vegetables Enhances Resistant Starch and Lowers the Glycemic Index of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Awadhesh , Panda Puja Archana , Lal Milan Kumar , Ngangkham Umakanta , Sahu Chandrasekhar , Soren Khela Ram , Subudhi Hata Nath , Samantaray Sanghamitra , Sharma Srigopal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRice exhibits relatively high glycemic index (GI) value compared to other carbohydrate rich foods. Eating rice as a staple food and leading sedentary life style may lead to obesity and type‐II diabetes. National Rice Research Institute (ICAR‐NRRI), Cuttack, India released varieties were analyzed for low GI and high resistant starch (RS) content. Large variations were observed in the GI (57.5–76.4) and RS content (0.28–2.94%) among the varieties. The rice Shaktiman had the lowest GI (57.50) with relatively high RS content (2.11%) while Gayatri had the highest RS (2.94%) with relatively low GI (60.31) value. Addition of pigeon pea to rice resulted in lowering of GI and increased RS content compared to other pulses. Addition of ghee (clarified butter) to rice during cooking resulted in lowering of GI and increase in RS content. The effect was not so pronounced with vegetable oils. Addition of vegetables like fenugreek and cauliflower to rice caused much more lowering of GI as compared to other vegetables. The findings emphasize the importance of identifying and developing rice with low GI and high RS content. This also highlights the importance of formulating food combinations of rice with other edible commodities that suit diabetics.
Cognitive science as complexity science
Authors: Favela Luis H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is uncontroversial to claim that cognitive science studies many complex phenomena. What is less acknowledged are the contradictions among many traditional commitments of its investigative approaches and the nature of cognitive systems. Consider, for example, methodological tensions that arise due to the fact that like most natural systems, cognitive systems are nonlinear; and yet, traditionally cognitive science has relied on linear statistical data analyses. Cognitive science as complexity science is offered as an interdisciplinary framework for the investigation of cognition that can dissolve such contradictions and tensions. Here, cognition is treated as exhibiting the following four key features: emergence, nonlinearity, self‐organization, and universality. This framework integrates concepts, methods, and theories from such disciplines as systems theory, nonlinear dynamical systems theory, and synergetics. By adopting this approach, the cognitive sciences benefit from a common set of practices to investigate, explain, and understand cognition in its varied and complex forms.This article is categorized under:Computer Science > Neural NetworksPsychology > Theory and MethodsPhilosophy > Foundations of Cognitive ScienceNeuroscience > Cognition
Recent advances of smart acid‐responsive gold nanoparticles in tumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Yang Lijun , Yang Cuihong , Liu Jinjin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the remarkable properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), they have been extensively employed as a potential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. While the conventional drug delivery system fails to efficiently deliver the chemotherapeutics due to the complexity of tumor microenvironment, people have been seeking alternative nanoparticulate strategy to improve the tumor specificity, the therapeutic index as wells as the pharmacokinetic profile. The nontoxic and nonimmunogenic nature, the high permeability, and superior retention effect of AuNPs provide additional benefits by enabling easy penetration and accumulation of drugs at the tumor sites. Here in this review, we focused on discussing the recent advances regarding the design of acid‐responsive AuNPs as well as their applications in drug/gene delivery and imaging in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Particularly, we highlighted the size switch strategies used in the development of acid‐responsive AuNPs.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Retroelement origins of pre‐mRNA splicing
Authors: Haack Daniel B. , Toor Navtej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent cryo‐EM structures of a group II intron caught in the process of invading DNA have given new insight into the mechanisms of both splicing and retrotransposition. Conformational dynamics involving the branch‐site helix domain VI are responsible for substrate exchange between the two steps of splicing. These structural rearrangements have strong parallels with the movement of the branch‐site helix in the spliceosome during catalysis. This is strong evidence for the spliceosome evolving from a group II intron ancestor. We observe other topological changes in the overall structure of the catalytic domain V that may occur in the spliceosome as well. Therefore, studying group II introns not only provides us with insight into the evolutionary origins of the spliceosome, but also may inform the design of experiments to further probe structure–function relationships in this eukaryotic splicing apparatus.This article is categorized under:RNA Processing > Splicing MechanismsRNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and ChemistryRNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological SystemsRNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Phylogenetic Patterns Suggest Broad Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease Across Cervidae
Authors: Mawdsley Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTChronic wasting disease presents significant management challenges for North American species of Cervidae, but susceptibility of other cervid taxa worldwide to this disease is largely unknown. A review of 7 published partial phylogenies for Cervidae indicates that known susceptible taxa are broadly distributed across each of these phylogenies, suggesting that there may be broad susceptibility to the disease within the family. Taxa particularly at risk based on phylogenetic and geographic proximity to known susceptible species include species of the genus Mazama in Central and South America and species of the genera Cervus and Rusa in Europe and Asia. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Berry Important? Wolf Provisions Pups with Berries in Northern Minnesota
Authors: Homkes Austin T. , Gable Thomas D. , Windels Steve K. , Bump Joseph K. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWolves (Canis lupus) primarily provision pups by catching mammalian prey and bringing remains of the carcass to the pups at a den or rendezvous site via their mouths or stomach. In August 2017, we observed an adult wolf regurgitating wild blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) to pups at a rendezvous site in the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem, Minnesota, USA, which is the only known observation of wolves provisioning pups with wild berries. This observation, in combination with other evidence from the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem, suggests wild berries might be a more valuable food source for wolves in southern boreal ecosystems than previously appreciated. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
New type of string solutions with long range forces
Authors: Hiramatsu Takashi , Ibe Masahiro , Suzuki Motoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe explore the formation and the evolution of the string network in the Abelian Higgs model with two complex scalar fields. A special feature of the model is that it possesses a global U(1) symmetry in addition to the U(1) gauge symmetry. Both symmetries are spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation values of the two complex scalar fields. As we will show the dynamics of the string network is quite rich compared with that in the ordinary Abelian Higgs model with a single complex scalar field. In particular, we find a new type of string solutions in addition to the conventional Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (local) string solution. We call this the uncompensated string. An isolated uncompensated string has a logarithmic divergent string tension as in the case of the global strings, although it is accompanied by a non-trivial gauge field configuration. We also perform classical lattice simulations in the 2 + 1 dimensional spacetime, which confirms the formation of the uncompensated strings at the phase transition. We also find that most of the uncompensated strings evolve into the local strings at later time when the gauge charge of the scalar field with a smaller vacuum expectation value is larger than that of the scalar field with a larger vacuum expectation value.
The Global Burden of Surgical Management of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Tarrant Seth M. , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is an epidemic in the developed world. Fracture is a major burden associated with osteoporosis. Surgical management is recommended for particular anatomical areas, whilst other fracture patterns have a less defined and controversial role for surgery. This review aims to highlight increase in the global burden of osteoporosis and subsequent fragility fractures. As health and life expectancy improves, osteoporotic fracture fixation will constitute a significant physical and economic burden. The surgical management of osteoporotic fractures involves awareness on all levels from government to the individual, from primary prevention of fracture to surgical aftercare in the community.