bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor size estimation of the breast cancer molecular subtypes using imaging techniques
Authors: Sezgın Gulten , Apaydın Melda , Etıt Demet , Atahan Murat Kemal 
Published: March 2020

Background and aim. In medical practice the classification of breast cancer is most commonly based on the molecular subtypes, in order to predict the disease prognosis, avoid over-treatment, and provide individualized cancer management. Tumor size is a major determiner of treatment planning, acting on the decision-making process, whether to perform breast surgery or administer neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Imaging methods play a key role in determining the tumor size in breast cancers at the time of the diagnosis.
We aimed to compare the radiologically determined tumor sizes with the corresponding pathologically determined tumor sizes of breast cancer at the time of the diagnosis, in correlation with the molecular subtypes.
Methods. Ninety-one patients with primary invasive breast cancer were evaluated. The main molecular subtypes were luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 positive, and triple-negative. The Bland–Altman plot was used for presenting the limits of agreement between the radiologically and the pathologically determined tumor sizes by the molecular subtypes.
Results. A significantly proportional underestimation was found for the luminal A subtype, especially for large tumors. The p-values for the magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, and ultrasonography were 0.020, 0.030, and <0.001, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the radiologic modalities in determining the tumor size in the remaining molecular subtypes (p > 0.05).
Conclusion. The radiologically determined tumor size was significantly smaller than the pathologically determined tumor size in the luminal A subtype of breast cancers when measured with all three imaging modalities. The differences were more prominent with ultrasonography and mammography. The underestimation rate increases as the tumor gets larger.
Effect of Deformation on Semi–infinite Viscothermoelastic Cylinder Based on Five Theories of Generalized Thermoelasticity
Authors: D. K. Sharma  , Himani Mittal  , Sita Ram Sharma  , Inder Parkash  
Published: March 2020

We considera dynamical problem for semi-infinite viscothermoelastic semi infinite cylinder loaded mechanically and thermally and investigated the behaviour of variations of displacements, temperatures and stresses. The problem has been investigated with the help of five theories of the generalized viscothermoelasticity by using the Kelvin – Voigt model. Laplace transformations and Hankel transformations are applied to equations of constituent relations, equations of motion and heat conduction to obtain exact equations in transformed domain. Hankel transformed equations are inverted analytically and for the inversion of Laplace transformation we apply numerical technique to obtain field functions. In order to obtain field functions i.e. displacements, temperature and stresses numerically we apply MATLAB software tools. Numerically analyzed results for the temperature, displacements and stresses are shown graphically.
Gingival Health Related to Intake of Different Types of Foods and Body Mass Index in 12-year-old Schoolchildren
Authors: Ramírez DDS, MSc, PhD Karol , Gómez-Fernández DDS,MAG Adrián , Rojas Mónica , Rojas-Guzmán Rebeca , Solano-Sanabria Mariana , Villalobos-Méndez Carolina , Gómez MSc Georgina 
Published: March 2020

Research on gingival health of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Costa Rica is scarce. Since nutrition is an integral component of oral health, this study aimed to determine gingival status of 12-year-olds at Carmen Lyra Public School, San José, Costa Rica, and correlate these variables with the frequency of intake of different types of food and body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)). Sixty-two 12-year-old schoolchildren were recruited. A periodontist assessed Plaque Index (Silness and Löe,1964), presence of calculus, and Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1967). Gingivitis was defined as the presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) on at least one site, and the extent was classified according to the percentage of teeth whose gingiva presented BOP limited: 25-49% of teeth tested; extensive >50% of teeth tested. A semi-quantified food consumption frequency questionnaire was administered. BMI was calculated for each participant. Overall Plaque Index was 1.18. Calculus was present on 40.40% of the sample, 19.4% had supragingival calculus and 21% had either supragingival/subgingival calculus or both. Presence of calculus was related with number of bleeding surfaces (p=0.030). Number of teeth with calculus was related to bleeding(p=0.029), and number of bleeding surfaces (p=0.009). Gingival Index was 0.97, mild gingivitis. Gingivitis was present on 96.8% of children examined. Limited gingivitis was present in 11.5% of children and extensive gingivitis in 88.5%. None of the variables measured differed by gender. No relationships were found between the consumption of starchy foods, animal and vegetable protein sources, fruit, vegetables, fast foods, sugar sweetened beverages and desserts with Plaque Index, calculus, Gingival Index, and BOP. Teeth calculus was related with being overweight (chi-square=0.038). BMI for males was 20.21 and females 20.11. BMI was not related to BOP or calculus. Within the limitations of this pilot study, we concluded the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus is high in the sample examined. A greater sample is needed to determine correlations between the frequency of foods evaluated and gingival health.
Filozofia nauki według Richarda Feynmana
Authors: Slósarek Genowefa 
Published: March 2020

Richard Feynman, one of the greatest physicists became famous for his discoveries concerning quantum electrodynamics and for his lectures. His views on science appear to be very simple, common-sense, but they present the essence of the problem. What he values in science the most is the freedom of thinking and a sort of reasonable courage, which enable one to oppose earlier authorities. When it comes to education, the most important is to teach the ability to observe the nature around.
Krytyka Platona przyjmowania uczestniczenia (to metechein) rzeczy w postaciach (eide) jako przyczynek do dyskusji na temat źródeł antynomii w podstawach matematyki
Authors: Rycyk Konrad Dydak 
Published: March 2020

This article is an attempt to answer the question about possible philosophical (non-mathematical) sources of antinomies revealed in mathematics at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Mathematical Platonism seems to be one of such sources. Is it possible, in Plato’s way of thinking, to really find the problem of the existence of objects, which in the context of the infinite set theory was mentioned by Georg Cantor? And if so, how does this problem solve Plato himself?
Paradygmat obiektowy w oprogramowaniu astronomicznym
Authors: Janusz Robert 
Published: March 2020

To create an astronomical software, one should use the most effective method to produce the quickest hardware calculation. However, the not so effective object oriented paradigm seems to have bigger influence on the astronomical domain. We discuss the status quo of its methodology. The traditional, Turing computation model does not have so distinct influence on knowledge creation because it is hardware-oriented. An object oriented programming language is more influential on discovery, because it works directly in the scientific domain.
Wyjątkowy status człowieka w przyrodzie? Nauki ewolucyjne a chrześcijańska antropologia
Authors: Trombik Kamil 
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the problem of the christian concept of the human person in theological and philosophical context, and with reference to evolutionary sciences. It was pointed out that the naturalistic evolutionism undermines the most important assumptions (especially thesis proclaiming the unique status of human in nature), which is based on christian anthropology. In this paper it was also an attempt to justify that philosophical reflection can be important in the analysis of problems located between science and religion (among others the issue of the origin, nature and destiny of man). The question about new type of christian philosophy is a challenge in theology, which will be obliged – because of the changing image of the world and man – to modify its foundations, rooted mainly in the Thomistic metaphysics so far. Besides, in the context of issues relating to the meaning of human life it indicates that there is a need to develop such a philosophy, which is based on the achievements of natural science, and would be in dialogue with the contemporary humanities.
The Reflection of the Social Value Hierarchy in the Concepts of Data Protection and Freedom of Information
Authors: Kitova Elena , Melgunova Anastasia 
Published: March 2020

The authors study the concepts of data protection and freedom of information, which are considered to be the basic concepts of modern information societies. The research is based on the materials of British and American mass media. Language is viewed as integral part of the society, as one of its self-regulation mechanisms; the authors use the integrationist approach to language and the bio-cultural theory of meaning to describe each of the concepts from the standpoint of its value for the society. They also prove that the meaning of these concepts is based on their characteristic as a “valuable resource”, which leads to the co-existence of two opposing trends — the need to protect private life and private information on the one hand, and the necessity of sharing different, including private, information to reach the socially approved goals on the other hand. The first trend is manifested through the concept of privacy, while the second describes the availability of data and information. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of social changes that lead to a new balance of data protection / freedom of information, to the necessity of finding a new equilibrium point. They study the rapid growth of various social networking sites and messengers that facilitate the emergence and dissemination of fake news, while this news — data and information — lose their characteristic of a “valuable resource” since they are totally or partially false. Social networking sites could also make personal information widely available or collect user information that is then transferred to a third party. The unacceptability of such practices in the eyes of the society is examined using the example of a recent scandal involving Facebook and Data Analytica. The authors come to the conclusion that the concepts of data protection and freedom of information reflect the essence of a regulatory social mechanism that coordinates interactions between the person and society in the new information age.
White line motility test in transconjunctival muellerectomy for blepharoptosis
Authors: Potyomkin Vitaly V. , Goltsman Elena V. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. It is common knowledge that positive response to phenylephrine (PE) test remains the main indication for superior tarsal muscle (STM) resection for mild and moderate blepharoptosis. However, in recent times, there have been reports about possibility of STM resection in patients with weakly positive and negative responses to the PE test. However, the question remains open what a surgeon should focus on when planning STM resection in these cases? Authors have developed a test for assessing motility of the white line that could help to answer this question.
Materials and methods. 75 patients (103 eyelids) operated for blepharoptosis with STM resection in Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 2 from November 2017 until august 2019 were enrolled in the study.
Results. We found no significant correlation between the result of white line motility test in patients with positive response to PE test and the effect of surgery, while in patients with week and negative PE test results there was a strong correlation.
Conclusion. The white line motility test could help to assess the desired amount of STM resection in patients with week and negative phenylephrine test results.
Apreensão Operatória de Figuras em Situações Geométricas
Authors: Jahn Ana Paula , Bongiovanni Vincenzo 
Published: March 2020

De grande importância para o estudo da Geometria são as figuras. O principal motivo é que na resolução de um problema, tais representaçõespermitem, em geral, um acesso mais direto aos objetos da situação e menos custoso que um texto. Mas, muitas vezes, para resolver umproblema, é necessário transformar ou modificar uma dada figura em outras, a fim de obter novos elementos que poderão levar à ideia de suasolução ou de uma prova. Essa capacidade de modificar uma figura envolve o que R. Duval denomina apreensão operatória da figura. Umtipo de modificação consiste na divisão da figura em outras subfiguras que podem ser reagrupadas para formar novas figuras. A capacidadede modificar uma figura de partida para visualizar a resolução de um problema pode ser desenvolvida e deve ser estimulada pelo professor noensino da Matemática, em particular na Geometria. Nesse artigo, com base nos trabalhos do referido autor, apresentamos exemplos específicosque caracterizam e destacam o papel e a importância da apreensão operatória para analisar o funcionamento de uma figura na abordagem deuma situação geométrica por um sujeito. E ainda, introduzimos constructos teóricos da abordagem semiótica, a fim de realçar as possíveisinfluências de ambientes de Geometria Dinâmica em processos de visualização e nas representações que estudantes podem construir deconceitos e problemas geométricos nesses ambientes.Palavras-chave: Geometria. Figuras. Apreensão Operatória. Visualização.
AbstractFigures assume an important role in the study of Geometry. It should be emphasized, as the main reason, that such representations allow moredirect access to objects of the problems, richer and less expensive than texts. Nevertheless, the figure can be seen by students, differently fromwhat a teacher sees. Often, transforming or modifying figures in other ones is a helpful approach, and necessary to obtain new elements thatmay lead to the idea of a problem solution or proof. This ability to modify a figure refers to an operative apprehension of the figure. It canbe mentioned that one important type of modification consists of dividing the figure into other sub figures that can be regrouped to form newshapes. The ability to modify a starting figure to visualize the solution of a problem can be developed and should be stimulated by the teacherin the teaching of Mathematics, in Geometry. This text presents and highlights the role and importance of the operative apprehension of figuresbased on specific examples.Keywords: Geometry. Figures. Operative Apprehension. Visualization.
Sentidos do PIBID para/na Formação de Professores de Matemática
Authors: Oliveira Viviane Cristina Almada de , Santos Jéssica Nascimento dos , Rodrigues Rebeca Ramona Dias 
Published: March 2020

O artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), focando, em especial, nas experiências de integrantes do subprojeto na área de Matemática da XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. Inicialmente, apresentamos um breve histórico do programa na XXXX e do subprojeto de Matemática (PIBID/Matemática) no curso de licenciatura em Matemática. Abordamos o diálogo entre a teoria e a prática, proporcionado pelo programa, através da articulação entre a universidade e a escola, por nós considerada como campo de formação do licenciando e do professor. Destacamos a importância do caráter coletivo de nossos trabalhos no PIBID/Matemática e das reflexões sobre nossas práticas. Trazemos à escrita algumas práticas realizadas no ensino público da cidade de XXXXXXXXXXX, colocando nossas considerações sobre como elas podem ter implicado em nossa formação docente. Embora reconheçamos o PIBID como uma iniciativa que contribuiu consideravelmente para a formação de professores no Brasil, reconhecemos que ainda há muitos desafios a serem suplantados nessa área; em particular, a implementação de políticas de acompanhamento e acolhida do professor em início de carreira.
A Gestão do Conteúdo, do Ensino e da Aprendizagem segundo licenciandos de Matemática integrantes do Programa PIBID
Authors: Auriglietti Laiz , Lucas Lucken Bueno , Luccas Simone 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação com licenciandos em Matemática de uma Universidade pública do norte do Paraná, integrantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Com base nos pressupostos da Matriz (3x3), um instrumento teórico-metodológico que possibilita investigar as relações epistêmicas, pessoais e sociais do professor com a gestão do conteúdo, do ensino e da aprendizagem, foram realizadas entrevistas com os participantes que após serem transcritas, codificadas e classificadas, evidenciaram que a preocupação dos mesmos incidiu sobre a gestão do ensino, predominantemente, e, depois, sobre as gestões do conteúdo e da aprendizagem de seus futuros alunos.

Palavras-chave: PIBID. Matriz (3x3). Formação Inicial de Professores de Matemática.

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research with mathematics undergraduates from a public University of northern Paraná, members of the Institutional Program for Scholarships for beginner Teachers (PIBID). Based on the assumptions of a Matrix (3x3), a theoretical and methodological tool that enables investigation of the epistemic, personal and social relationships between a teacher and the management of content, teaching and learning, interviews were conducted with the participants which, after being transcribed, coded and classified, demonstrated that their concerns related primarily to the management of teaching, followed by content management and finally on managing the learning of their future students.

Keywords: PIBID. Matrix (3x3). Initial Training of Mathematics Teachers.
Does Pakistani Society Accept Corruption as a Changed Value with Reference to Cultural Perspective?
Authors: Ullah Asad , Shah Mussawar 
Published: March 2020

The major objective of this research study was to assess the impact of corruption upon the prevalent social values in Peshawar city, Pakistan. A sample size of 150 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling to ascertain respondents’ attitudes towards phenomena at hand with Likert scale as measurement tool. At first stage uni-variate analysis and then bi-variate analysis were carried out to determine outcomes. The dependent variable (corruption perception) was cross-tabulated with the independent variable (social values and its societal aspects). A chi-square test was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. In addition, Gamma (g) statistics were applied to determine the strength and direction of the relationship. The study found a significant and positive association between corruption perception with social values safeguarding the interest of rich (P=0.022), morality as existing behavioral standard in society (P=0.000), experience of corruption (P=0.000), significance of social pressure (P=0.000), use of social pressure (P=0.000), degradation of social values in society due to corruption (P=0.000), biased evaluative standards for various social classes (P=0.000). In addition, people who refused to accept and pay bribes, had followers in the society (P=0.037), increasing the magnitude of corruption with an increase in official rank (P=0.007), and finally, that an ethical environment based on social norms and values reduces corruption (P=0.000). The study concluded that, in the site of study, the social order is under deterioration due to corruption assuming the status of an emerging social value due to its practice amongst members of society in various fields of life. However, people still considered the prevalent social order strong enough to combat this changing dynamic by creating an ethical environment based on social alienation for those who acted corruptly.
GEL Classification Code: Z10; Z11; Z13
Disclosure Practices of Mobile Telecommunication Companies with Special Reference to Grameenphone Ltd.
Authors: Neogy Taposh Kumar 
Published: March 2020

This discussion highlights on the measurement and analysis of the nature of disclosure of the Grameenphone Ltd. during the period under study. The annual reports of the Grameenphone Ltd. were analyzed to determine the extent to which contained the items of information included in the disclosure index of the Grameenphone Ltd. during the period under study. An index of disclosure has been constructed to measure the extent of disclosure of Grameenphone Ltd. For analyzing the nature of disclosure of Grameenphone Ltd. researcher have analyzed the different part of disclosure index such as company profile items, accounting policy items, balances sheet assets items, balance sheet liabilities items and income statement items both debit and credit items. This study shows that the disclosure score of the Grameenphone Ltd. is satisfactory and there was significant and not significant difference in disclosure score between the difference years during the period under study of various items of disclosure index.
GEL Classification Code: M41; M48
Role of Guava to National Economy of Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Hossen Sayed Mohibul 
Published: March 2020

Guava, which is a very delicious fruit, is rich in vitamin C and contains the appreciable amount of vitamin A too. It is also a good source of pectin –a dietary fiber. Different types of favorite dishes are made from guava such as guava jelly, guava syrup, guava cheese, guava roll, etc. Many countries export these types of foods and earn a lot of foreign money. Although Bangladesh is one of the best producers, there is no industry for preserving this fruit. So, all the production become indeed in consumption.The aim of the research is to know the cultural practices of guava in Bangladesh and how to make sweetened guava dishes which can play a vital role to our economy and to identify the best model that may be used for forecasting purposes. The present study attempts to do a statistical analysis of current guava production and its prospect in Bangladesh by considering the various sources of variations on the time-series data for 23 districts of Bangladesh and over a period of 27 years (1981-82 to 2007-08). The study was considered for whole Bangladesh.
JEL Classification Code: E01; E20
Organizing: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Mohiuddin Md  Golam , Yusof Gaffar Olanrewaju , Bulbul Afroza 
Published: March 2020

The issue of organizing and orderliness is paramount in Islam, it connotes an act of placing things in its proper place which is otherwise known as Hikmah (wisdom) in Islamic term. Today many organization exist, but are not aware of the act of organizing, according to Islamic perspective. Some people equate some Muslims or Islamic NGOs with the true Islamic act of governing this could be misconception on their part. Hence this study wishes to elucidate on act or organizing according to the injunctions of Allah and the practice of the holy prophet. This study employs documentary/library research method and data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. It is found from the study that Islam has its own perfect way of carrying out its organizational function as exemplified by the holy prophet which aims at improving the quality of life and the welfare of the society. It is now the hopes of all nations to direct attention to the way Islam portrayed organizational management and have a fruitful goal in this world and the hereafter.
JEL Classification Code: M12; M54