bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The aptamer BT200 effectively inhibits von Willebrand factor (VWF) dependent platelet function after stimulated VWF release by desmopressin or endotoxin
Authors: Kovacevic Katarina D. , Buchtele Nina , Schoergenhofer Christian , Derhaschnig Ulla , Gelbenegger Georg , Brostjan Christine , Zhu Shuhao , Gilbert James C. , Jilma Bernd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVon Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a major role in arterial thrombosis. Antiplatelet drugs induce only a moderate relative risk reduction after atherothrombosis, and their inhibitory effects are compromised under high shear rates when VWF levels are increased. Therefore, we investigated the ex vivo effects of a third-generation anti-VWF aptamer (BT200) before/after stimulated VWF release. We studied the concentration-effect curves BT200 had on VWF activity, platelet plug formation under high shear rates (PFA), and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (Multiplate) before and after desmopressin or endotoxin infusions in healthy volunteers. VWF levels increased > 2.5-fold after desmopressin or endotoxin infusion (p < 0.001) and both agents elevated circulating VWF activity. At baseline, 0.51 µg/ml BT200 reduced VWF activity to 20% of normal, but 2.5-fold higher BT200 levels were required after desmopressin administration (p < 0.001). Similarly, twofold higher BT200 concentrations were needed after endotoxin infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.011). BT200 levels of 0.49 µg/ml prolonged collagen-ADP closure times to > 300 s at baseline, whereas 1.35 µg/ml BT200 were needed 2 h after desmopressin infusion. Similarly, twofold higher BT200 concentrations were necessary to inhibit ristocetin induced aggregation after desmopressin infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Both stimuli elevated plasma VWF levels in a manner representative of thrombotic or pro-inflammatory conditions such as arterial thrombosis. Even under these conditions, BT200 potently inhibited VWF activity and VWF-dependent platelet function, but higher BT200 concentrations were required for comparable effects relative to the unstimulated state.
Relationship between radiation doses to heart substructures and radiation pneumonitis in patients with thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Tomita Natsuo , Okuda Katsuhiro , Ogawa Yasutaka , Iida Masato , Eguchi Yuta , Kitagawa Yuto , Uchiyama Kaoru , Takaoka Taiki , Nakanishi Ryoichi , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiation doses to the heart are potentially high in patients undergoing radiotherapy for thymoma or thymic carcinoma because of their origin site and propensity for pericardial invasion. We investigated potential relationships between radiation pneumonitis (RP) and the dosimetric parameters of lung and heart substructures in patients with thymic epithelial tumors. This retrospective study included 70 consecutive patients who received definitive or postoperative radiotherapy at a median dose of 58.3 Gy. Heart substructures were delineated according to a published atlas. The primary end point of ≥ grade 2 RP was observed in 13 patients (19%) despite a low lung dose; median lung V20 (i.e. percentage of the volume receiving at least 20 Gy) was only 16.6%. In a univariate analysis, four lung parameters, heart V35, three pulmonary artery (PA) parameters, two left ventricle parameters, and left atrium V35 were associated with the development of RP. In a multivariate analysis, only PA V35 remained significant (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.007). PA V35 of the RP versus non-RP groups were 84.2% versus 60.0% (p = 0.003). The moderate dose sparing of PA could be a candidate as a planning constraint for reducing the risk of RP in thoracic radiotherapy.
Integrated multiomics analysis of hepatoblastoma unravels its heterogeneity and provides novel druggable targets
Authors: Sekiguchi Masahiro , Seki Masafumi , Kawai Tomoko , Yoshida Kenichi , Yoshida Misa , Isobe Tomoya , Hoshino Noriko , Shirai Ryota , Tanaka Mio , Souzaki Ryota , Watanabe Kentaro , Arakawa Yuki , Nannya Yasuhito , Suzuki Hiromichi , Fujii Yoichi , Kataoka Keisuke , Shiraishi Yuichi , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Shimamura Teppei , Sato Yusuke , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Kimura Shunsuke , Kubota Yasuo , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Koh Katsuyoshi , Hayashi Yasuhide , Kanamori Yutaka , Kasahara Mureo , Kohashi Kenichi , Kato Motohiro , Yoshioka Takako , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Oka Akira , Taguchi Tomoaki , Sanada Masashi , Tanaka Yukichi , Miyano Satoru , Hata Kenichiro , Ogawa Seishi , Takita Junko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough hepatoblastoma is the most common pediatric liver cancer, its genetic heterogeneity and therapeutic targets are not well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a multiomics analysis, including mutatome, DNA methylome, and transcriptome analyses, of 59 hepatoblastoma samples. Based on DNA methylation patterns, hepatoblastoma was classified into three clusters exhibiting remarkable correlation with clinical, histological, and genetic features. Cluster F was largely composed of cases with fetal histology and good outcomes, whereas clusters E1 and E2 corresponded primarily to embryonal/combined histology and poor outcomes. E1 and E2, albeit distinguishable by different patient age distributions, were genetically characterized by hypermethylation of the HNF4A/CEBPA-binding regions, fetal liver-like expression patterns, upregulation of the cell cycle pathway, and overexpression ofNQO1andODC1. Inhibition ofNQO1andODC1in hepatoblastoma cells induced chemosensitization and growth suppression, respectively. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the molecular basis of hepatoblastoma and rational therapeutic strategies for high-risk cases.
FFS modulated VSC with different phase‐shifted 12‐pulse configured transformers for grid integrated large‐scale solar PV plant
Authors: Karmakar Subir , Mishra Nidhi , Singh Bhim 
Published: July 2020

The requirement for high capacity power conditioning unit (PCU) has increased for application in large‐scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plant for optimisation of the balance of system cost. For high power applications, one of the most important criteria for designing of PCU is to have lower switching losses to minimise the heat generated in the power switching devices. Conventionally, PCU utilises traditional two‐level or three‐level voltage source converter (VSC) topology with high‐frequency switching techniques and due to this, they have lower conversion efficiency and higher device switching losses. In this study, fundamental frequency switching (FFS) modulated three‐level neutral point clamp (3L‐NPC) VSC is used for MW scale PCU, as they have lower switching losses, higher conversion efficiency and higher AC/DC voltage ratio. The 3L‐NPC VSC generates lower order current harmonics, which are mitigated by using different phase‐shifted 12‐pulse PCU transformers located at different pooling location inside solar PV plant. The PV plant configuration for a 40 MW (AC) plant capacity is developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment and implemented in real‐time simulator OPAL‐RT to validate the proposed concept. Harmonics, steady‐state and dynamic performances are demonstrated at constant and changing solar irradiance levels.
Die intramuskuläre Injektion in der Notfallmedizin
Authors: Küßner Tobias , Obermaier Manuel , Popp Erik 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn die intramuskuläre Injektion in der Notfallmedizin eher eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt, stellt sie doch einen effektiven, sicheren und schnellen Applikationsweg zur Verabreichung bestimmter Notfallmedikamente dar. So findet sie sich in verschiedenen Leitlinien als First-Line-Zugangsweg, so z. B. bei der Anaphylaxie und dem Status epilepticus. Auch bei aggressiven bzw. agitierten Patienten und Kindern bestehen gute Erfahrungen hinsichtlich der intramuskulären Verabreichung (analgo-)sedierender Medikamente. In Notfallsituationen gut zugängliche Applikationsorte sind der laterale Oberschenkel, die Wade und die Schulter. Bei sorgfältiger und antiseptischer Vorgehensweise sowie korrekter Wahl von Punktionsort und Nadellänge sind Komplikationen selten.
Nighttime Hypoglycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes after one Day
of Football Tournament
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Gawrecki Andrzej , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Skowrońska Bogda , Stankiewicz Witold , Michalak Arkadiusz , Cieluch Aleksandra , Dżygało Katarzyna , Seget Sebastian , Biegański Grzegorz , Adamska Anna , Ksiądz Katarzyna , Szymańska-Garbacz Elektra , Flotyńska Justyna , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate factors related to the occurrence of
nighttime hypoglycemia after a football tournament in children with type 1
diabetes mellitus. The multicenter study (GoalDiab study) included 189
children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, from 11 diabetes
care centers in Poland. Hypoglycemia was defined according to the
International Hypoglycemia Study Group Statement. We analyzed the data of 95
participants with completed protocols with regards to nighttime hypoglycemia
(82% male), aged 11.6 (9.8–14.2) years, diabetes duration
5.0 (2.0–8.0) years. There were 47 episodes of nighttime Level 1
hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L). Occurrence of clinically
important Level 2 hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L) during
a game period was positively associated with nighttime hypoglycemia
(≤3.9 mmol/L) incident (Odds Ratio=10.7;
95% Confidence Interval: 1.1–100.2; p=0.04). Using
Continuous Glucose Monitoring was negatively associated with the occurrence
of nighttime hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L) compared
with using glucose meters or Flash Glucose Monitoring (Odds
Ratio=0.31; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.12–0.83;
p=0.02). The occurrence of clinically important hypoglycemia related
to physical activity is associated with the occurrence of hypoglycemia
during the night. Continuous Glucose Monitoring is negatively associated
with nighttime hypoglycemia after a day of competition.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Involving P–P Bond Cleavage
Authors: Arisawa Mieko 
Published: July 2020

Organophosphorus compounds are used as drugs, pesticides, detergents, food additives, flame retardants, synthetic reagents, and catalysts, and their efficient synthesis is an important task in organic synthesis. To synthesize novel functional organophosphorus compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed methods have been developed, which were previously considered difficult because of the strong bonding that occurs between transition metals and phosphorus. Addition reactions of triphenylphosphine and sulfonic acids to unsaturated compounds in the presence of a rhodium or palladium catalyst lead to phosphonium salts, in direct contrast to the conventional synthesis involving substitution reactions of organohalogen compounds. Rhodium and palladium complexes catalyze the cleavage of P–P bonds in diphosphines and polyphosphines and can transfer organophosphorus groups to various organic compounds. Subsequent substitution and addition reactions proceed effectively, without using a base, to provide various novel organophosphorus compounds.1	Introduction2	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphonium Salts by Addition Reactions of Triphenylphosphine and Sulfonic Acids3	Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Exchange Reactions4	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Substitution Reactions Using Diphosphines4.1	Reactions Involving Substitution of a Phosphorus Group by P–P Bond Cleavage4.2	Related Substitution Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds4.3	Substitution Reactions of Acid Fluorides Involving P–P Bond Cleavage of Diphosphines5	Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Addition Reactions6	Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Insertion Reactions Using Polyphosphines7	Conclusions
Self-emitted surface corrugations in dynamic fracture of silicon single crystal
Authors: Wang Meng , Fourmeau Marion , Zhao Lv , Legrand Franck , Nélias Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Significance
When a moving crack front meets local material asperities, a persistent nonlinear propagating mode of the crack front can be triggered, which results in nontrivial fracture surface patterns. Unexpectedly, we report the continuous emergence of corrugation waves during high-speed crack propagation in asperity-free silicon single crystal. We reveal that these waves are driven by fracture energy fluctuation at critical crack speed. The corrugation waves are highly localized along the crack front. They twist the crack front and create fracture surface corrugations. Through meticulous quantitative characterization of the fracture surface markings, we evidence the nonlinear properties of these corrugation waves.
Flat latitudinal diversity gradient caused by the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Song Haijun , Huang Shan , Jia Enhao , Dai Xu , Wignall Paul B. , Dunhill Alexander M. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The deep-time dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), especially through dramatic events like mass extinctions, can provide invaluable insights into the biotic responses to global changes, yet they remain largely underexplored. Our study shows that the shape of marine LDGs changed substantially and rapidly during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction from a modern-like steep LDG to a flat LDG. The flat LDG lasted for ∼5 My and was likely a consequence of the extreme global environment, including extreme warming and ocean anoxia, which ensured harsh conditions prevailing from the tropics to the poles. Our findings highlight the fundamental role of environmental variations in concert with severe biodiversity loss in shaping the first-order biogeographic patterns.
Original antigenic sin priming of influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk antibodies
Authors: Arevalo Claudia P. , Le Sage Valerie , Bolton Marcus J. , Eilola Theresa , Jones Jennifer E. , Kormuth Karen A. , Nturibi Eric , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree , Lakdawala Seema S. , Hensley Scott E. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceHumans are typically infected with influenza viruses in childhood and then continuously exposed to antigenically distinct influenza virus strains throughout life. Antibody responses elicited by initial influenza virus infections can be boosted upon subsequent exposures with antigenically drifted influenza virus strains. Here, we examined how initial influenza virus infections affect antibody responses against subsequent infections with an unrelated influenza virus subtype. We show that heterosubtypic infections in ferrets and humans boost hemagglutinin stalk antibodies that paradoxically do not bind effectively to the boosting influenza virus strain. We propose that hemagglutinin stalk antibody repertoires are shaped by the specific subtype of influenza virus that an individual encounters early in life, and that this affects susceptibility to heterosubtypic infections later in life.
Genomic regions influencing aggressive behavior in honey bees are defined by colony allele frequencies
Authors: Avalos Arián , Fang Miaoquan , Pan Hailin , Ramirez Lluch Aixa , Lipka Alexander E. , Zhao Sihai Dave , Giray Tugrul , Robinson Gene E. , Zhang Guojie , Hudson Matthew E. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Honey bee colony defense is an emergent trait composed of individual aggressive responses. Here, we investigated the relationship between individual genotype, colony allele frequency, and aggression in individual bees. Our findings show that the colony-level defense response strongly correlates with colony-level allele frequency in a way that can be used to identify causative genomic regions. Importantly, we were able to validate a key associated region as also being under selection. As very similar allele frequency correlations are observed in both soldier and forager bees, we conclude that group genetics is more important than individual genetics in this case, giving further insight into the relationships between “nature,” “nurture,” and behavioral evolution.
Noninvasive acoustic manipulation of objects in a living body
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed A. , Maxwell Adam D. , Wang Yak-Nam , Cunitz Bryan W. , Khokhlova Vera A. , Sapozhnikov Oleg A. , Bailey Michael R. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The significance of this work is the development of a technique and technology to use a steerable beam from one source to safely lift and reposition a stone in a living body. The work has direct application to expelling kidney stones or manipulating an ingestible camera. Our work provides a framework for other medical applications, as well as nonmedical uses that require noninvasively moving sizable, dense objects in a free field or within a container.
Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead than those with city water
Authors: Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald , Fisher Michael , Clonch Allison , MacDonald John M. , Cook Philip J. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
In the United States, 13% of households depend on an unregulated private well for their water. Compared with children in houses served by a regulated water utility, children in these homes have a 25% increased risk of elevated blood lead. Because lead is a neurotoxin, these children are at greater risk of experiencing irreversible cognitive damage, which can decrease their performance in school and increase their risks of behavioral problems. This study assesses associations between children’s blood lead and dependence on an unregulated private well for drinking water. It highlights the need for interventions to control lead corrosion from plumbing and well components (such as drop pipes, pump parts, and valves and fittings) in households depending on private wells.
Calibrating the coevolution of Ediacaran life and environment
Authors: Rooney Alan D. , Cantine Marjorie D. , Bergmann Kristin D. , Gómez-Pérez Irene , Al Baloushi Badar , Boag Thomas H. , Busch James F. , Sperling Erik A. , Strauss Justin V. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Our understanding of the interactions between animal evolution, biogeochemical cycling, and global tectonics during the Ediacaran Period (635 to 541 Ma) is severely hampered by lack of a robust temporal framework. The appearance and extinction of the earliest fossil animals are hypothesized to correlate with upheavals in biogeochemical cycles—foremost the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, possibly the largest known disturbance to the global carbon cycle. However, without age constraints on the excursion’s timing and duration, its driving mechanisms, global synchroneity, and role in Ediacaran geobiological evolution cannot be evaluated. We provide radioisotopic ages for the onset and termination of the Shuram, evaluate its global synchroneity, and show that it is divorced from the rise of the earliest preserved animal ecosystems.
The emergent interactions that govern biodiversity change
Authors: Clark James S. , Scher C. Lane , Swift Margaret 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Predicting how ecological communities respond to change requires an understanding of the direct effects of environment and the indirect effects that emerge when environment is propagated through food webs of interacting species. A probabilistic, dynamic framework for inference identifies these environment–species interactions. Results show how environmental effects translate into nonlinear responses, how they can be estimated from data, and the insight they provide on the relative importance of direct and indirect (through other species) responses to change. Because these effects include uncertainty from the model and data, they can guide management that has to weigh the utility of efforts to protect critical habitat (or not) against the risk for species that respond through the responses of others.
Characterizing soundscapes across diverse ecosystems using a universal acoustic feature set
Authors: Sethi Sarab S. , Jones Nick S. , Fulcher Ben D. , Picinali Lorenzo , Clink Dena Jane , Klinck Holger , Orme C. David L. , Wrege Peter H. , Ewers Robert M. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceHuman pressures are causing natural ecosystems to change at an unprecedented rate. Understanding these changes is important (e.g., to inform policy decisions), but we are hampered by the slow, labor-intensive nature of traditional ecological surveys. In this study, we show that automated analysis of the sounds of an ecosystem—its soundscape—enables rapid and scalable ecological monitoring. We used a neural network to calculate fingerprints of soundscapes from a variety of ecosystems. From these acoustic fingerprints we could accurately predict habitat quality and biodiversity across multiple scales and automatically identify anomalous sounds such as gunshots and chainsaws. Crucially, our approach generalized well across ecosystems, offering promise as a backbone technology for global monitoring efforts.
Functionally distinct Purkinje cell types show temporal precision in encoding locomotion
Authors: Chang Weipang , Pedroni Andrea , Hohendorf Victoria , Giacomello Stefania , Hibi Masahiko , Köster Reinhard W. , Ampatzis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2020

SignificancePurkinje cells, the key cells for cerebellar computations, are thought to function similarly throughout the cerebellum and to comprise a uniform neuronal population. Here, we challenge this notion by providing detailed evidence that the Purkinje cells are organized into distinct types, each exhibiting specific activity patterns that are associated with a particular phase of the zebrafish swim cycle during locomotion. Connectivity experiments suggest that all the identified Purkinje cell types participate in orchestrating the cerebellar circuit ensembles, which are, therefore, highly heterogeneous.
The environmental stress response causes ribosome loss in aneuploid yeast cells
Authors: Terhorst Allegra , Sandikci Arzu , Keller Abigail , Whittaker Charles A. , Dunham Maitreya J. , Amon Angelika 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Aneuploid cells experience significant cellular stress; however, the transcriptional consequences of aneuploidy remain highly debated. In aneuploid budding yeast, two opposing gene-expression patterns have been reported: the “environmental stress response” (ESR) and the “common aneuploidy gene-expression” (CAGE) signature, in which many ESR genes are oppositely regulated. Here we resolve this controversy. We show that the ESR represents a common response to aneuploidy and explain why the CAGE signature does not. Our data further suggest that activation of the ESR has profound consequences on the cellular physiology of aneuploid cells, leading to ribosome loss. Thus, our work provides critical insights into the coordination between cell division and macromolecule biosynthesis and a potential explanation for why aneuploid cells are less dense.
Antiresorptive activity of osteoprotegerin requires an intact heparan sulfate-binding site
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Xu Ding 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays an essential role in bone remodeling by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL), which drives osteoclastogenesis. While much is known about OPG–RANKL interaction, the exact biological function of the C-terminal domains of OPG remains a mystery. One likely function of the C-terminal domains of OPG is to interact with heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan that is abundantly expressed by osteoblast lineage cells. However, the physiological importance of OPG–HS interactions in bone remodeling remains uncertain. Here, by using two strains of transgenic mice, both of which have altered OPG–HS interactions, we have definitively shown that binding to osteoblast HS is indispensable for the antiresorptive function of OPG in bone remodeling.