bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of cassava genotypes based on physicochemical properties of starches and resistant starch content
Authors: Hartati  , Rahman N , Ajie F T , Hartati N S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cassava has a large variation in their qualitative trait, such as variation in resistant starch content and physicochemical properties. Characteristics of cassava, such as physicochemical properties, are very important for its application in food industries and will affect the quality of the end products. The properties of starch could indicate the appropriateness of starch for various uses. Our paper aims to study the variation of the resistant starch content of several cassava starch and its physicochemical properties. Tapioca starch produced from LIPI cassava collection were used as material. The variation of resistant starch content was determined by using Megazyme kit protocol. Variation of physicochemical properties is determined based on the value of resistance to freeze thawing, swelling power and starch solubility, and paste clarity. Variation of cassava genotypes was determined by using SSR markers. The result showed that Manggu has the highest percentage of resistant starch (7, 32%). The percentage of starch resistance to freeze thawing varies from 0, 153 to 1,173. Swelling power of different starch samples was varies from 8, 59 to 11, 605 g/g, and the solubility of starch have a slight ranges from 0, 293 to 0, 437g/g at 90°C. The value of paste clarity varies from 0, 135-0, 543. Dendogram generated based on UPGMA cluster analysis showed that all the cassava genotypes were distributed in two main clusters.
Morphological and anatomical characters of diploid and tetraploid taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) cv. Bentul grown in lathhouse
Authors: Wulandari DR , Ningrum RK , Wulansari A , Ermayanti T M , Ratnadewi D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A number of tetraploid taros Bentul has been produced by in vitro polyploidization with oryzalin treatment to achieve optimal production and to overcome pests, diseases and drought stress. Planlets achieved from polyploidization had high survival rate on acclimatization process. Characterization was conducted for diploid and tetraploid Taro plants grown in Lathhouse. The aim of morphology and anatomy characterization of tetraploid taro was to compare those with diploid one. The results showed that the morphological characters of seven clones of tetraploid taro Bentul presented 56% similarity with the diploid and divided into three different subgroups with 63% similarity. The thickness of leaves tissue was not significantly different. Stomata size of tetraploid taro was larger than diploids but the stomata density was lower. Thickness of petiole epidermis of diploid taro was significantly different with tetraploid 75.2.1. Thickness of root epidermis of diploid taro was significantly different with tetraploid 7,5.12.2; 30.4.6; 60.2.6 and 75.2.3. Diameter of root stele of taro Bentul was not significantly different between diploid and tetraploid clones.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from mangrove species
Authors: Izzati F , Rahmawati S I , Hapsari Y , Rachman F , Simanjuntak P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mangroves have proven to possess strong bioactivities to survive their complex environmental condition. However, apart from the primary function of mangroves as an ecosystem keeper, mangroves are often overexploited for construction materials. Hence, their medicinal purposes are often overlooked, and the direct exploration of pharmacologically active compounds derived from mangrove species seems illogical. Endophytic bacteria are found capable of producing secondary metabolites similar or even the same as their host plant. Therefore, exploration of endophytic bacteria from mangroves becomes an excellent alternative for bioproduction of certain plant-specific bioactive compounds. Moreover, mangroves live in an extreme living environment, and therefore, may contain interesting endophytic bacteria that possess remarkable bioactivities, particularly antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mangrove species collected from the Segara Anakan Lagoon, on the south coast of Java, Indonesia. Isolated bacteria were cultivated to produce secondary metabolites. Fermentation liquid was then extracted and investigated for its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity. Secondary metabolites from isolated bacteria showed to have potentials to be used as an antioxidant as well as a cytotoxic agent.
The Effect of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and Tofu Dregs Formula on Chocolate Pudding
Authors: Sukotjo S , Syarafina A , Irianto H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Eucheuma cottonii is a seaweed that produces carrageenan which can form a gel texture. Tofu dregs is a by-product of tofu processing in the form of white solids which still contains good nutritional value. Pudding is one of food products that has a soft and gel texture. This study aims to obtain a seaweed chocolate pudding with addition of tofu dregs which is palatable and can be accepted by the panelists. The experimental design used is Randomized Block Design (RBD) consist of one factor with five levels of treatment. The treatment in this study is comparison of seaweed and tofu dregs (a), consisting of a1 = 5%: 25%, a2 = 10%: 20%, a3 = 15%: 15%, a4 = 20%: 10% and a5 = 25%: 5%. Analysis carried out on the chocolate pudding included preference and chemical test. Chemical analysis carried out is a test of protein content and crude fiber content performed on the best pudding from preference test, namely pudding with formula a1 (15%: 15%)hh. The best pudding chosen by the panelists has an average taste score of 3, 778 (neither like nor dislike – like a little), average aroma score of 3, 822 (neither like nor dislike – like a little), average color score of 4, 044 (like a little), and average texture score of 3, 667 (neither like nor dislike – like a little). Protein content in the best chocolate pudding from preference test is 3.92%, while dietary fiber content is 5.38%.
Characteristics of Solo Black Garlic Fermented in Kombucha Black Tea
Authors: Afiati F , Setiyoningrum F , Priadi G , Handoyo C H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A research has done on the characteristics of solo black garlic fermented by kombucha black tea. Fermentation is carried out for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days and continued to aging process for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Observation was done to see the characteristics of functional traits such as antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids and total polyphenols amount. There was a significant interaction (p<0, 05) between the fermentation period and the aging period in the functional properties of a solo black garlic. The study resulted in 68, 34 % of functional values characteristic of antioxidants capacity, 49, 94 mg QE flavonoids total and 185.97 mg GAE/g of polyphenols total. Increased bioactivity resulting from fermented solo black garlic using kombucha tea for 7 days and continued by aging process for 21 days.
In vitro and in planta efficacy studies on T6generation of transgenic Rojolele rice lines against the rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker)
Authors: Estiati A , Astuti D , Nurhasanah A N , Nugroho S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the most destructive pests in cultivated rice (Oryza sativaL.) is the rice yellow stem borer (YSB;Scirpophaga incertulasWalker). YSB attacks rice plant throughout its life span, with the most devastating being during mature stage that causes a symptom called whiteheads. Every 1% of whiteheads symptoms resulted in 1% rice production losses. Planting YSB-resistant cultivars is a good strategy besides environmentally friendly. However, since the unavailability of YSB-resistant gene in rice germplasm, genetic engineering of rice to express Cry toxin fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) that is toxic to YSB is an alternative.Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been conducted to introducecry1Bgene fromBtinto a local javanica rice cultivar, Rojolele. The recombinant plasmid containscry1Bgene driven by wound-inducible promoter from maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi) gene andhygromycin phosphotransferase(hpt) selectable marker gene for transgenic plants selection. The presence ofcry1Bgene in transgenic rice plants was identified by PCR analysis. Four homozygous transgenic rice lines harboringcry1Bgene have been obtained. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the efficacy ofcry1Bgene in homozygous transgenic rice lines against YSB at vegetative stage,in vitroandin plantaat T6generation.In vitroassay was performed in aerated Petri dishes using leaf samples under growth room condition, meanwhilein plantaassay was done by subjecting the four homozygous transgenic rice lines to YSB under greenhouse condition. The results showed that the four homozygous transgenic rice lines tested were highly resistant to YSB compared to the wild-type Rojolele rice.
Improvement of mammalian cells performance by addition of glucose for the expression of erythropoietin with 2 additional link in CHO-DG44 cells
Authors: Santoso A , Wisnuwardhani P H , Kusumawati A , Rubiyana Y , Septisetyani E P , Nurainy N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of recombinant proteins for therapeutic use, currently, have become a standard procedure to fight many diseases and this reality have a great impact on the biotechnology industry. To produce this drug, established mammalian cell lines, especially CHO cells, have become a standard system for the production of such proteins. The main goal in recombinant protein production using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is to achieve both high specific productivity and high cell density. These cells demonstrate a high consumption of glucose and this condition causes rapid depletion this nutrient in the medium. The loss of nutrient such as glucose can result in the limitation of cell growth and viability and finally the loss of quality of the protein. In relation to the previous knowledge, in this work the effect of glucose on cell density and viability of CHO-DG44 cell capable of producing erythropoietin (EPO) was studied. With this in mind 3 mg/liter of glucose was added to the medium at day 4 and 7. The cells were cultured for total 10 days in orbital shaker at the speed of 130 rpm at 37°C and 5% CO2 condition and samples were taken every 2 days. The results showed significantly that the addition of glucose to the medium with the time and concentration mentioned above increased the density and viability of the cell.
Molecular identification of F1 population containing entC and pmsB genes to increase resistance for blast disease
Authors: Rachmat A , Zannati A , Nugroho S , Safitri H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rice is the staple food of the Indonesian people. Many efforts have been made to improve rice productivity under biotic stress condition. Blast disease caused by Pyrcularia grisea is one of the main diseases in rice plants. This study aimed to assemble rice plants that have high productivity and resistant to blast disease by cross-breeding method betweenRojolele transgenic containing entC and pmsB genes with Ciherang, Sintanur, Inpari 31, Inpari 33 and Tarabas varieties. The results showed that the salicylic acid coding gene was successfully derived in the F1 population, as indicated by the positive PCR analysis of the pmsB gene.Further analysis is needed on the next offspring to test stability of genes and bioassay for blast disease resistance.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria of lampung cocoa beans fermentation
Authors: Fahrurrozi  , Stefanie  , Purwanto A P , Sofia D Y , Ratnakomala S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The quality of chocolate influenced by cocoa varieties, growth conditions, and fermentation. As a part of post-harvesting treatments, cocoa beans fermentation affects biochemical transformations resulting in the aroma, color, and taste of chocolate. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) along with yeasts are involved during during cocoa beans fermentation. In this study, the diversity of LAB and AAB of cocoa beans fermentation from Lampung will be identified. Fortykgs of cocoa beans undergo spontaneous box fermentation for five days, with 24 hours intervals of sampling. DeManRogosa Sharpe (MRS) Agar and Glucose Yeast Peptone (GYP) Agarwere used for LAB and AAB enumeration, respectively. Morphology of each colony were identified and molecular identification by analyzing 16S rRNA gene. As results, the growth of LAB reach its highest level on the zero and fifth day of fermentation to 106 CFU/mL and the growth of AAB reach 106 CFU/mL as well.Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum and L. pentosusare the main species of lactic acid bacteria, and Acetobacterpasteurianusand A. tropicalisas the main species of acetic acid bacteria. These results describe more about the diversity of Indonesian cocoa that could be applied for starter culture development.
Cytotoxic effects of chemopreventive agents curcumin, naringin and epigallocathecin-3-gallate in C2C12 myoblast cells
Authors: Septisetyani E P , Santoso A , Wisnuwardhani P H , Prasetyaningrum P W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Muscle tissues make up about 40-50% of the human bodies. Satellite cells, which present in between the basal lamina and myofiber, are the adult muscle stem cells or myoblasts which are important for the regeneration of muscle tissues. Anticancer agents generally possess high cytotoxicity to either cancer cells or normal cells. Their effects on muscle cells generate cachexia or the deterioration of muscle tissues. Chemopreventive agents which possess lower cyctotoxic effects are expected to show higher safety in normal cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chemopreventive agents curcumin, naringin, and epigallocathecin-3-gallate (EGCG), which show anticancer properties in cancer cells, in C2C12 myoblast cells. We observed the C2C12 cell viability by MTT and WST assays, cell migration by wound healing scratch assay, as well as differentiation assay after treatment with the chemopreventive agents. The results indicated that curcumin showed highest cytotoxicity compared to naringin and EGCG. In addition, naringin and EGCG exhibited lower cytotoxicity. Both naringin and EGCG inhibited C2C12 cell migration at cell density 150, 000 cells/ml. Whereas, at cell density 100, 000 cells/ml, there was no significant effects of naringin as well as EGCG. Altogether, the results suggest that naringin and EGCG possess lower cytotoxic effect on C2C12 myoblast cells whereas curcumin showed stronger cytotoxicity at concentration higher than 20 µM.
Effect of aqueous extract of ajwa dates on C2C12 myoblast cell proliferation, migration and differentiation
Authors: Prasetyaningrum P W , Santoso A , Septisetyani E P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents generate side effects or cytotoxicity to other cells that include muscle cells. Doxorubicin, one of the mostly used chemotherapeutic agents, has been known to cause a loss of skeletal muscle mass which known as cachexia. On the other hand, chemopreventive agents, which mostly derived from phytochemicals, have been known to show less cytotoxity to cancer cells than chemotherapeutic agents. However, their effects on the muscle cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of ajwa dates extract in C2C12 myoblast cells. C2C12 cells are satellite cells or adult muscle stem cells which can differentiate to from multinucleated myotube. MTT assays had been performed to determine the effect of ajwa dates extract on cell viability. In addition, effects on cell migration were examined by wound healing method. Proliferation assay was done to investigate the effect of ajwa dates extract to cell growth. Furthermore, C2C12 differentiation into myotubes was also investigated. The results of the cell viability assay against C2C12 cells showed that low concentration of ajwa dates was not toxic for C2C12 cells, whereas higher concentration of ajwa dates (10 µg/µl) decreased cell viability. In addition, the effect of ajwa dates extract (1 µg/µl) on cell migration depended on cell seeding density. At a lower cell density, the extract might promote myoblasts migration, whereas at a higher cell density it inhibited the cell migration that may be related to the induction of myocytes differentiation. Overall, we found that ajwa dates extract exhibited low or no cytotoxicity on C2C12 myoblast cells.
Preliminary Study on Bacterial Diversity Causing Human Foot Odor
Authors: Wulandari NF , Suharna N , Yulinery T , Nurhidayat N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This preliminary study was aimed at studying on microbial diversity causing odor of the human foot. The objective was to know the main bacteria species causing foot odor. The method used in this study was foot swab by using cotton buds for bacterial isolation, tests for H2S gas formation by using Kligler Iron Agar solid medium, odor test and optical density value. There were 204 bacterial isolates collected from 30 people ranged from 7-40 years old. They were identified based on polyphasic characterization. Based on 50 cultures of 25 isolates, it was indicated that sweat filtrate was better medium for bacterial growth than shocks filtrate. This was indicated that the odor problem was from sweat which was consisted of bacterial growth producing unpleasant odor. These were shown by the H2S producing-bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from the foot. Those bacteria were identified based on their partial sequences of 16sDNA. Other bacteria isolated were Acinetobacterpittii, Enterobacterhormaecheisubsp. xiangfangensis, Enterobactermori, Glutamicibactercreatinolyticus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Leclerciaadecarboxylata, and Staphylococcus warnerii.Further study will be carried out to use bacteriophages for eliminating bacterial biofilm in vitro. Bacteriophage uses for prevention application for human foot odor by bacterial growth is much prospective than other application such as sanitizer or disinfectant.
Hydrolysis of Local Genotype Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Starch by Crude Amylase from Brevibacterium Sp. for Maltooligosaccharides Production
Authors: Andriani A , Bayuningsih MIW , Kusnadi J , Rahmani N , Juanssilfero AB , Sari L , Ermayanti TM , Yopi  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Maltooligosaccharides are starch-based carbohydrate oligomers linked by α-1.4 glycosidic bonds with a degree of polymerization between three and ten. Maltooligosaccharides can be produced by hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase. The enzymatic hydrolysis can be affected by several factors such as substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, temperature and incubation time. In this present study, the hydrolysis of starch from local genotipe of Taro (Var. Bentul) was conducted by optimization of 3 parameters: substrate concentration, amount of enzymes, and hydrolysis time. Taro starch concentrations were 10%, 15%, and 20%. Total Enzymes used for hydrolysis were 17.5, 14, and 7 U, respectively. The results showed that an amylase produced by Brevibacterium sp could hydrolyze taro starch into maltooligosaccharides with the most optimum hydrolysis conditions using 20% substrate (w/v) and total enzyme 14 U. Based on HPLC and TLC analysis, Maltotriose revealed as predominant oligosaccharides found in the hydrolysis product with concentration of 8621.7 µg/ml.
Antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces griseoviridis K10 against ESBL Escherichia coli, MRSA, and other pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Warsito M F , Isnaeni  , Kusumawati I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The emergence of resistant pathogenic bacteria is serious threat to global public health. This problem can be address through discovering new antibiotics from nature. Streptomyces are known as the source of more than fifty percent commercially available antibiotics, but it is predicted that only less than 5% were identified. Streptomyces griseoviridis K10 were fermented in ISP-4 medium pH 7.2 for four days in 32 °C incubated shaker with 150 rpm agitation. The antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces griseoviridis K10 were analyzed using diffusion method. The antibiotic production curves were made to determine the optimal antibiotic production time. The result showed that these bacteria had activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans, with inhibitory zone of 17.25 ± 0.43 mm; 13.95 ± 0.60 mm; 20.96 ± 0.41 mm; 20.64 ± 0.92 mm; 21.73 ± 0.53 mm; and 16.90 ± 1.27 mm, respectively. The antibiotic production was optimum in the second and third days.
Potential Environmental and Economic Impacts of Biofuel Production for the Local Community: A Case Study
Authors: Simamora M , Hama S , Yoshida A , Maulana S , Firdaussy U F , Yaman A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biorefinery technology development in Indonesia especially related to production of biofuel from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and other biomass from oil palm has already been progressing quite significantly during the last ten years. In 2018, Indonesia has implemented B-20 policy where 20% of diesel is blended with biodiesel from CPO. Likewise, researches on development of enzymes for various application including its application in the production of biofuel from CPO and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP EFB) through an enzymatic process has also been progressing. However, there is not enough research or information on what are the economic and environmental impact of this biofuel production to local community. Does this biofuel production also provide direct and indirect benefit to local community surrounding oil palm plantation and CPO mills? If it does, How? This paper describes what are specific economic and environmental issues facing by local community and how a biofuel production in the surrounding of local community can get environmental and economic and benefits. This case study was conducted in 2018 at 6 villages in Putri Hijau District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Maternal Age Patterns of Preterm Birth: Exploring the Moderating Roles of Chronic Stress and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Kim Sangmi , Im Eun-Ok , Liu Jianghong , Ulrich Connie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the suggested contribution of cumulative chronic stress to the racial/ethnic disparities in preterm birth (PTB), it is unclear how chronic stress, maternal age, and race/ethnicity are linked underlying PTB.

Purpose
We investigated the moderating effect of chronic stress on the maternal age–PTB association among non-Hispanic (N-H) White, N-H Black, Hispanic, and Asian women.

Methods
We analyzed the Washington State’s Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data linked with birth certificates. The sample included women aged 18 years or older who birthed the first, singleton baby without birth defects. Chronic stress was measured by race/ethnicity-specific chronic stress indices. A maternal age–chronic stress interaction was modeled to predict PTB by logistic regression stratified by race/ethnicity. In subanalysis, the moderating role of racism was investigated in the maternal age–chronic stress interaction among three minority groups combined.

Results
Women’s maternal age trajectory of PTB varied by their race/ethnicity and chronic stress level. N-H White and N-H Black women showed a steeper maternal age-related increase in PTB (weathering) under higher chronic stress, indicating a chronic stress’ cumulative effect with maternal age. Besides, the extent of weathering was amplified by racism on top of chronic stress, particularly among N-H Black women.

Conclusions
These results show that both chronic stress and racism may develop accelerated PTB risk among minority women. Future research should use more objective and accurate chronic stress measures to ascertain the complex relationships among chronic stress, racial discrimination, and maternal age underlying the racial/ethnic differentials in PTB.