bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science
Authors: Dongarra Jack , Grigori Laura , Higham Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2020

A number of features of today’s high-performance computers make it challenging to exploit these machines fully for computational science. These include increasing core counts but stagnant clock frequencies; the high cost of data movement; use of accelerators (GPUs, FPGAs, coprocessors), making architectures increasingly heterogeneous; and multi- ple precisions of floating-point arithmetic, including half-precision. Moreover, as well as maximizing speed and accuracy, minimizing energy consumption is an important criterion. New generations of algorithms are needed to tackle these challenges. We discuss some approaches that we can take to develop numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science, with a view to exploiting the next generation of supercomputers.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science’.
Phages actively challenge niche communities in the Antarctic soils
Authors: Bezuidt Oliver K.I , Lebre Pedro Humberto , Pierneef Rian , León-Sobrino Carlos , Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Cowan Don A. , Van de Peer Yves , Makhalanyane Thulani P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy modulating the structure, diversity and trophic outputs of microbial communities, phages play crucial roles in many biomes. In oligotrophic polar deserts, the effects of katabatic winds, constrained nutrients and low water availability are known to limit microbial activity. Although phages may substantially govern trophic interactions in cold deserts, relatively little is known regarding the precise ecological mechanisms. Here, we provide the first evidence of widespread antiphage innate immunity in Antarctic environments using metagenomic sequence data from hypolith communities as model systems. In particular, immunity systems such as DISARM and BREX are shown to be dominant systems in these communities. Additionally, we show a direct correlation between the CRISPR-cas adaptive immunity and the metavirome of hypolith communities, suggesting the existence of dynamic hostphage interactions. In addition to providing the first exploration of immune systems in cold deserts, our results suggest that phages actively challenge niche communities in Antarctic polar deserts. We provide evidence suggesting that the regulatory role played by phages in this system is an important determinant of bacterial host interactions in this environment.ImportanceIn Antarctic environments, the combination of both abiotic and biotic stressors results in simple trophic levels dominated by microbiomes. Although the past two decades have revealed substantial insights regarding the diversity and structure of microbiomes, we lack mechanistic insights regarding community interactions and how phages may affect these. By providing the first evidence of widespread antiphage innate immunity, we shed light on phage-host dynamics in Antarctic niche communities. Our analyses reveal several antiphage defense systems including DISARM and BREX, which appear to dominate in cold desert niche communities. In contrast, our analyses revealed that genes, which encode antiphage adaptive immunity were under-represented in these communities suggesting lower infection frequencies in cold edaphic environments. We propose that by actively challenging niche communities, phages play crucial roles in the diversification of Antarctic communities.
Dissecting endothelial to haematopoietic stem cell transition by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses
Authors: Hou Siyuan , Li Zongcheng , Zheng Xiaona , Gao Yun , Dong Ji , Ni Yanli , Wang Xiaobo , Li Yunqiao , Ding Xiaochen , Chang Zhilin , Li Shuaili , Hu Yuqiong , Fan Xiaoying , Hou Yu , Wen Lu , Liu Bing , Tang Fuchou , Lan Yu 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTHaematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adults are believed to be born from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in mid-gestational mouse embryos. Due to rare and transient nature, the HSC-competent ECs have never been stringently identified and accurately captured, let alone their genuine vasculature precursors. Here, we firstly used high-precision single-cell transcriptomics to unbiasedly examine relevant EC populations at continuous developmental stages and transcriptomically identified putative HSC-primed HECs. Combining computational prediction and in vivo functional validation, we precisely captured HSC-competent HECs by newly constructed Neurl3-EGFP reporter mouse model, and realized enrichment further by surface marker combination. Surprisingly, endothelial-haematopoietic bi-potential was rarely but reliably witnessed in culture of single HECs. Noteworthy, primitive vascular ECs experienced two-step fate choices to become HSC-primed HECs, resolving several previously observed contradictions. Taken together, comprehensive understanding of endothelial evolutions and molecular programs underlying HSC-primed HEC specification in vivo will facilitate future investigations directing HSC production in vitro.
Super-resolution visualization of distinct stalled and broken replication fork structures
Authors: Whelan Donna R. , Lee Wei Ting C. , Marks Frances , Kong Yu Tina , Yin Yandong , Rothenberg Eli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndogenous genotoxic stress occurs in healthy cells due to competition between DNA replication machinery, and transcription and topographic relaxation processes. This causes replication fork (RF) stalling and regression, which can further collapse to form single-ended double strand breaks (seDSBs). To avoid mutagenesis, these breaks require repair via Homologous Recombination (HR). Here we apply multicolor single molecule super resolution microscopy to visualize individual RFs under mild stress from the trapping of Topoisomerase I cleavage complexes, a damage induction which closely mimics endogenous replicative stress. We identify RAD51 and RAD52, alongside RECQ1, as the first responder proteins to stalled but unbroken forks, whereas Ku and MRE11 are initially recruited to seDSBs. Ku loads directly onto the DSB end whereas MRE11 associates with nascent DNA away from the break, and both proteins colocalize contemporaneously with a single seDSB. We are thus able to discern closely related RF stress motifs and their repair pathwaysin vivo,uncovering mechanistic insights into the nature of RF damage and repair.
An analysis of China’s reforms on mortgaging and transacting rural land use rights and entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Peng Yanling , Kong Rong 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic relationship with recent changes in China’s land use policy and rural development through innovation and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe first issue of economic importance is in understanding the market value of land use rights (LUR) transactions. To examine this, the authors build an argument around the idea of economic and marginal rents from Ricardo. The second issue relates to the extent by which deepening the rural financial landscape by allowing the mortgaging of LUR will promote and advance much needed entrepreneurial activity. To explore this issue, the authors draw on Schumpeter. The empirical contribution is based on a survey of 1,465 farm households in Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces.FindingsIn an endogenous Two-Stage Least Squares model, the authors find a positive and significant relationship between a willingness to mortgage LUR and entrepreneurship, which suggest that the new policy may well meet that objective. However, the authors do not find that entrepreneurs alone will have a willingness to mortgage LUR; non-entrepreneurs – traditional farmer types – would also be willing to mortgage LUR, but with a caveat that either group already has a disposition or demand for credit.Originality/valueThe value of the analysis is to provide an evidence to understand the market value of LUR transactions and to study the relationship between mortgage of LUR and entrepreneurial activity.
Dynamic scheduling model for the construction industry
Authors: Fahmy Amer , Hassan Tarek , Bassioni Hesham , McCaffer Ronald 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Basic project control through traditional methods is not sufficient to manage the majority of real-time events in most construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to propose a Dynamic Scheduling (DS) model that utilizes multi-objective optimization of cost, time, resources and cash flow, throughout project construction.

Design/methodology/approach
Upon reviewing the topic of DS, a worldwide internet survey with 364 respondents was conducted to define end-user requirements. The model was formulated and solution algorithms discussed. Verification was reported using predefined problem sets and a real-life case. Validation was performed via feedback from industry experts.

Findings
The need for multi-objective dynamic software optimization of construction schedules and the ability to choose among a set of optimal alternatives were highlighted. Model verification through well-known test cases and a real-life project case study showed that the model successfully achieved the required dynamic functionality whether under the small solved example or under the complex case study. The model was validated for practicality, optimization of various DS schedule quality gates, ease of use and software integration with contemporary project management practices.

Practical implications
Optimized real-time scheduling can provide better resources management including labor utilization and cost efficiency. Furthermore, DS contributes to optimum materials procurement, thus minimizing waste.

Social implications
Optimized real-time scheduling can provide better resources management including labor utilization and cost efficiency. Furthermore, DS contributes to optimum materials procurement, thus minimizing waste.

Originality/value
The paper illustrates the importance of DS in construction, identifies the user needs and overviews the development, verification and validation of a model that supports the generation of high-quality schedules beneficial to large-scale projects.
To buy or to borrow? Evaluating the cost of an eBook in TalTech library
Authors: Kont Kate-Riin 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find out how much the purchasing and lending of individual electronic books really cost. Additionally, this paper investigates which kind of approach would be cheaper and less time-consuming for library staff as well as library patrons – purchase or short-term loan.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was conducted at the Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech) Library. This is the only university library in Estonia where the Ebook Central platform is adapted on a large scale. For background information, all statistical data of expenditures and average prices of purchases and short-term loans during April 2013 and December 2018 were calculated and analysed. Through a case study, the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method was used – all activities related to acquisition and lending of eBooks were identified, recorded in detail and analysed. More specifically, the study concerned eBooks offered in the Ebook Central platform and covered purchasing and short-term loan processes, such as receipt of order request, communication with the patron (if necessary) making a purchase or short-term loan, and feedback to the patron.

Findings
While analysing the results, it appeared there are many additional activities libraries can avoid during the eBook short-term loan process compared to purchasing. As a normality in TalTech library, purchase is always followed by a cataloguing process which increases the time and cost of this process in turn. On the basis of the current study, it can be said that short-term loan is a cheaper way to use eBooks; many activities related to the short-term loan of eBooks take remarkably less staff time and financial resources than eBooks acquisition/purchasing activities. When analysing the literature reviewed as well as collected statistical data, the problem may arise when the decision-maker librarian is not experienced, professional or long-sighted enough to understand the future behaviour of the patron or the usage of the specific eBook. When the usage reaches a certain point, it becomes an indicator of continuing future usage and so it makes sense to purchase the eBook, as the library pays no further charges once an eBook is owned.

Originality/value
Most studies reviewed by the author are based on the statistical data collected about expenditure, costs, usage, cost-per-use, etc. of short-term loans and purchases. While acquisitions costs, average cost per acquired item per year and cost per usage are easy to identify, it has been difficult to measure associated costs of acquisition, cataloging and circulation. The TDABC methodology seems to be one of the best tools for understanding cost behaviour and refining a cost system for university libraries. Based on the information known to the author, there is no study carried out using the TDABC methodology for analysing costs of eBook programmes.
Transfer characteristics of the MCR-WPT system using two series transmitting coils
Authors: Liu Suqi , Liu Yuping 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe impedance compensation approaches have been adopted to achieve the maximum output power and transfer efficiency in many magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer projects. However, it remains a challenge to obtain the constant output power and transfer efficiency in a fixed-frequency mode during variations in transfer distance and orientation of the coils. In this paper, using two series transmitting coils to achieve the constant output power and transfer efficiency is used.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the circuit model is established and transfer characteristics are studied. Second, using the two series transmitting coils to achieve the constant output power and transfer efficiency is investigated. Finally, the experimental system is designed; it can optimize the transfer performances by itself; the constant output power and transfer efficiency are achieved in the fixed-frequency mode.FindingsWhen the receiving coil moves between the two series transmitting coils, the tolerance of the output power and transfer efficiency is less than 5 per cent.Research limitations/implicationsWhen a receiving coil is placed between the two series transmitting coils, there are space limits. The receiving coil only shifts between the two transmitting coils.Practical implicationsHowever, the rail guide vehicle may achieve constant output power and transfer efficiency when it moves on the rail guide. So, this topology may provide a practical solution.Originality/valueIn this research, the three-coil MCR-WPT system including two series transmitting coils is presented. In a fixed-frequency mode, the constant output power and transfer efficiency is achieved in experiments during variations in transfer distance and orientation of the coils. The fluctuation of the output power and transfer efficiency is less than 5 per cent.
Laser micro-machined 28 GHz broad band single feed microstrip antenna for 5G mm-wave applications
Authors: Jose Melvin C. , Sankararajan Radha , B.S. Sreeja , Pratap Kumar Pratap Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a laser micro-machined 4 × 4 elements microstrip array antenna suitable for 5 G millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications. Each patch element of the array is excited with same amplitude and phase that is achieved with proper novel impedance matching stub. The proposed antenna achieves a simulated gain of 13.15 dBi and a measured return loss of −24.80 dB at 28.73 GHz with a total bandwidth of 7.48 GHz. The designed antenna is directional with a directivity of 15.1 dBi at 28.73 GHz, whereas fabricated on a low cost FR4 substrate with a substrate thickness of 0.074 λ mm. The antenna is realized with an aperture size of 2.24λ × 3.26λ.

Design/methodology/approach
The antenna structure starts from the design of single element called unit cell. The single element is designed using the transmission line model equations of a rectangular patch. To design a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna, a dielectric material with lower permittivity and having thickness (h) less than 1 mm is required. This specification gives better gain and efficiency by reducing surface waves and mutual coupling between elements. The inset width is optimized to achieve the minimum reflection coefficient (S11). The single element has been arranged with a minimum spacing of λ/2 (5.3571 mm) in an H plane and E plane. It is connected using the microstrip lines with proper impedance matching. The four 2 × 2-sub array cell subsystems are connected with a corporate feed together formed the 4 × 4-array cell. Rectangular planar array method is used to arrange the elements in the 4 × 4 array cell.

Findings
The design concept is simple which includes the combination of corporate feed and insect feed. It is compact in size and easy to fabricate. The bandwidth of fabricated prototype antenna array is achieved as 7.48 GHz from 24.98 GHz to 32.46 GHz. The mutual coupling is very less though the antenna array is placed with minimum spacing between adjacent elements. This is because of the microstrip feeding structure with minimum phase shift. The gain can be further enhanced with increasing number of array element and proper designing of feed line. Owing to the advantages of low profile, wide bandwidth and high gain, the designed array will be potentially useful in 5 G wireless communications.

Originality/value
The measured antenna offers bandwidth 7.48 GHz (24.98 GHz-32.46 GHz) with centered frequency 28.73 GHz. The agreement between simulated and measured results is good. The VSWR is observed 0.32 < 2, offers good impedance matching and low mutual coupling. It gives better E-Field and H-field radiation patterns of the 4 × 4 array antenna structure at 28 GHz. The total gain of 13.14 dBi is achieved at the center frequency. The total efficiency of 63.42 per cent is achieved with FR4 substrate.
Firm size and workplace learning processes: a study of the restaurant sector
Authors: Bishop Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper asks how workplace learning environments change as firm size increases, and how employees respond to this. In doing so, it looks beyond an exclusive focus on formal training and incorporates more informal, work-based learning processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a comparative, qualitative research design, using semi-structured interviews with an under-researched group of workers – waiting for staff in restaurants. The data were collected from six restaurants of different sizes.

Findings
As formally instituted human resource development (HRD) structures expand as firm size increases are more extensive in larger firms, this leaves less room for individual choice and agency in shaping the learning process. This does not inevitably constrain or enhance workplace learning, and can be experienced either negatively or positively by employees, depending on their previous working and learning experiences.

Research limitations/implications
Future research on HRD and workplace learning should acknowledge both formal and informal learning processes and the interaction between them – particularly in small and growing firms. Insights are drawn from the sociomaterial perspective help the authors to conceptualise this formality and informality. Research is needed in a wider range of sectors.

Practical implications
There are implications for managers in small, growing firms, in terms of how they maintain space for informal learning as formal HRD structures expand, and how they support learners who may struggle in less structured learning environments.

Originality/value
The paper extends current understanding of how the workplace learning environment – beyond a narrow focus on “training” – changes as firm size increases.
Trust in takaful agents: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Shukor Syadiyah Abdul 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explain factors contributing towards the development of trust in takaful agents and its consequences.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 182 completed survey questionnaires have been collected. Descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis are used to analyse the data.

Findings
The result indicates that clients’ trust in takaful agents is influenced by the agents’ communication and expertise as well as the image of the takaful operator represented by them. Also, trust in takaful agents affects clients’ loyalty and intention to continue service with the existing agent.

Practical implications
This paper makes contributions by briefly discussing several recommendations to increase clients’ trust in takaful agents.

Originality/value
This research paper is related to takaful agent–client relationships and can be used to formulate appropriate marketing strategies for building stronger relationships.
Short-term Sharīʿah-compliant Islamic liquidity management instruments to sustain Islamic banking
Authors: Muneeza Aishath 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the structure of the Islamic treasury bills issued by the Central Bank of Maldives, Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) for the benefit of those jurisdictions that aspire to introduce short term Islamic liquidity management instruments.

Design/methodology/approach
This is exploratory research where the experience of the author in structuring the Islamic liquidity management instruments discussed in the paper.

Findings
It is evident from the discussions of this paper that innovation is the key to structure Sharīʿah-compliant short term liquidity management instruments. The example of Maldives has proved that there is a need to amend the laws of the country to facilitate Central banks to deal with Sharīʿah-compliant instruments.

Originality/value
It is hoped that this research has shed light on the importance of having the proper Sharīʿah-compliant liquidity management instruments for sustainable development of Islamic banking and how jurisdictions have practically made this possible. The Islamic money market has developed gradually and there is a need to innovate novel and competitive instruments and further research is required to be conducted on this.