bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Take Pause in Quiet Moments: Engaging in Reflection to Guide Instruction
Authors: Mills Angela M. , Weaver Joanna C. , Bertelsen Cynthia D. , Dziak Erin T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the pressures put on teachers today to meet standards, cover a dense curriculum, and be involved in numerous meetings, taking the time to reflect on instruction may be pushed aside. The authors examined the importance of reflection and its impact on teaching and learning. Reflection allows teachers to evaluate subjective and objective criteria that help them respond and make modifications to lessons. Many teachers engage in reflection intuitively. The authors describe how one teacher fully engages in the reflective process through the use of the reflective SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) strategy. In an era of accountability, SOAP notes help document instruction and student learning, thus benefiting educators and students. The SOAP notes model can be applied to any content area across all grade bands. One must consider the question of how teachers can fully engage in reflection to improve instruction and meet the learning needs of their students.
Presurgical Localization of the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex in Gliomas
Authors: Voets Natalie L. , Plaha Puneet , Parker Jones Oiwi , Pretorius Pieter , Bartsch Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has an established role in neurosurgical planning; however, ambiguity surrounds the comparative value of resting and task-based fMRI relative to anatomical localization of the sensorimotor cortex. This study was carried out to determine: 1) how often fMRI adds to prediction of motor risks beyond expert neuroradiological review, 2) success rates of presurgical resting and task-based sensorimotor mapping, and 3) the impact of accelerated resting fMRI acquisitions on network detectability.

Methods
Data were collected at 2 centers from 71 patients with a primary brain tumor (31 women; mean age 41.9 ± 13.9 years) and 14 healthy individuals (6 women; mean age 37.9 ± 12.7 years). Preoperative 3T MRI included anatomical scans and resting fMRI using unaccelerated (TR = 3.5 s), intermediate (TR = 1.56 s) or high temporal resolution (TR = 0.72 s) sequences. Task fMRI finger tapping data were acquired in 45 patients. Group differences in fMRI reproducibility, spatial overlap and success frequencies were assessed with t‑tests and χ2-tests.

Results
Radiological review identified the central sulcus in 98.6% (70/71) patients. Task-fMRI succeeded in 100% (45/45). Resting fMRI failed to identify a sensorimotor network in up to 10 patients; it succeeded in 97.9% (47/48) of accelerated fMRIs, compared to only 60.9% (14/23) of unaccelerated fMRIs ($$\chi$$
χ
(2) = 17.84, p < 0.001). Of the patients 12 experienced postoperative deterioration, largely predicted by anatomical proximity to the central sulcus.

Conclusion
The use of fMRI in patients with residual or intact presurgical motor function added value to uncertain anatomical localization in just a single peri-Rolandic glioma case. Resting fMRI showed high correspondence to task localization when acquired with accelerated sequences but offered limited success at standard acquisitions.
Der Nutzen von Selbstheilungspotenzialen in der professionellen Gesundheitsfürsorge am Beispiel der Mind-Body-Medizin
Authors: Esch Tobias 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Mind-Body-Medizin (MBM) basiert auf der Annahme, dass über Interaktionen zwischen Gehirn, Geist, Körper sowie dem Verhalten gesundheitsförderliche Wege – hin zu einer besseren Gesundheit – aktiviert werden können. Sie beinhaltet verhaltensmedizinische Ansätze und Techniken aus den Bereichen Bewegung, Entspannung, Stressregulation und Ernährung. Die MBM ist im US-amerikanischen Gesundheitssystem etablierter Bestandteil der medizinischen Versorgung. Dieses schließt gleichfalls eine Erforschung ihrer Mechanismen ein. Auch in Deutschland werden immer mehr Interventionen und Therapieangebote unter diesem Oberbegriff zusammengefasst.In diesem narrativen Übersichtsbeitrag soll die Entstehung der MBM im Kontext historischer Entwicklungen beleuchtet werden, auch vor dem Hintergrund der seit den 1970er-Jahren aufkommenden Meditationsforschung sowie der wissenschaftlichen Erkundung des Stressphänomens. Bezüge zur Grundlagenforschung inkl. neurobiologischer Belohnungs‑/Placebophysiologie sollen dargestellt werden. Abgrenzungen zur Psychotherapie sollen vorgenommen, ein Handlungskonzept soll vermittelt werden.Die MBM steht im Zusammenhang mit Gesundheitsförderung und Therapie chronischer, insbesondere lebensstilassoziierter Erkrankungen. Sie basiert auf dem Salutogeneseansatz, d. h. auf einem Paradigma, das der Erkundung und Stärkung von Gesundheitsschutzfaktoren und Widerstandsressourcen dient (individuelle Resilienz- und Kohärenzfaktoren) sowie eine Reduktion von Belastungen anstrebt. Dieser Ansatz entspricht dem Selbstheilungs- oder Selbstfürsorgeprinzip. Neurobiologisch ist sie mit dem Placeboeffekt verbunden. MBM-Interventionen folgen typischerweise dem „BERN-Modell“ (Behavior-Exercise-Relaxation-Nutrition).Als Aktivator von Potenzialen der Selbstheilung und Gesundheitsfürsorge kann die MBM professionell trainiert und gestärkt werden. Hier kommen „Experten der Gesundheitsförderung“ zum Einsatz.
Identification of major moisture sources across the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Batibeniz Fulden , Ashfaq Moetasim , Önol Barış , Turuncoglu Ufuk Utku , Mehmood Shahid , Evans Katherine J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe employ a Lagrangian based moisture back trajectory method on an ensemble of four reanalysis datasets to provide a comprehensive understanding of moisture sources over the Mediterranean land region (30° N–49.5° N and 9.75° W–61.5° E) at seasonal timescales for 1980–2013 period. Using a source region between 10° S–71.35° N along the latitude and 80° W–84.88° E along the longitude that is subdivided into ten complimentary sub-regions, our analyses is able to backtrack up to > 90% of seasonal precipitation at each grid point within the target region. Our results indicate a significant role of moisture advected from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, and locally recycled moisture over the target region in shaping the spatial organization of seasonal precipitation. However, a clear east–west contrast is witnessed in determining the relative importance of each of these major moisture sources where the North Atlantic dictates the moisture supply over the western Mediterranean while moisture from Mediterranean Sea and local recycling play a key role over the eastern Mediterranean. Our analyses also demonstrate a major footprint of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on precipitation variability over the Mediterranean land as dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies during the negative phase of NAO match with those during wet years and vice versa. The findings reported here are generally consistent across the four reanalysis datasets. Overall, this study establishes the relative roles of adjacent and far-off oceanic and terrestrial evaporative sources over the Mediterranean land and should help in understanding the drivers of precipitation variability and change at varying timescales.
Mean radiant temperature from global-scale numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Di Napoli Claudia , Hogan Robin J. , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn human biometeorology, the estimation of mean radiant temperature (MRT) is generally considered challenging. This work presents a general framework to compute the MRT at the global scale for a human subject placed in an outdoor environment and irradiated by solar and thermal radiation both directly and diffusely. The proposed framework requires as input radiation fluxes computed by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and generates as output gridded globe-wide maps of MRT. It also considers changes in the Sun’s position affecting radiation components when these are stored by NWP models as an accumulated-over-time quantity. The applicability of the framework was demonstrated using NWP reanalysis radiation data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Mapped distributions of MRT were correspondingly computed at the global scale. Comparison against measurements from radiation monitoring stations showed a good agreement with NWP-based MRT (coefficient of determination greater than 0.88; average bias equal to 0.42 °C) suggesting its potential as a proxy for observations in application studies.
Extremely Al-Depleted Chlorites From Dolomite Carbonatites of the Kovdor Ultramafic-Alkaline Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Pekov Igor V. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Van Konstantin V. , Ermolaeva Vera N. , Vozchikova Svetlana A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe problem to be solved is whether Al is a necessary component of Fe-Mg chlorites. Very unusual Al-depleted and Fe-enriched trioctahedral chlorites with the empirical formulae Na0.05Ca0.05(Fe2+3.01Mg2.01Ti0.14Fe3+0.04)Σ6.00[(Si3.53Fe3+0.41Al0.06)Σ4.00O10](OH)8·nH2O (Sample 1) and Na0.05Ca0.01(Fe2+3.26Mg1.97Fe3+0.75Mn0.01Ti0.01)Σ6.00[(Si3.16Fe3+0.75Al0.09)Σ4.00O10](OH)8 (Sample 2) have been discovered in Al-depleted dolomite carbonatites of the Kovdor complex of ultramafic, alkaline rocks and carbonatites, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The presence of substantial amounts of Ti in Sample 1 is another unusual feature of this mineral. In both samples, chlorites are intimately intergrown with cronstedtite-1T which is an indication of a low stability of chlorite structure in the absence of aluminum in the tetrahedral sheet. The crystal structure of chlorite in Sample 1 was solved by the Rietveld method. The mineral is triclinic (IIb-4-module), space group C-1, a = 5.4153(4), b = 9.3805(7), c = 14.5743(12) Å, α = 90.137(5)°, β = 96.928(5)°, γ = 90.043(6)°, V = 734.95(10) Å3, and Z = 2. A problem to be solved is how stable are Al-free chlorites belonging to the clinochlore–chamosite solid-solution series and whether their existence in natural mineral assemblages is possible. The results obtained indicate that even though Al-depleted chlorites belonging to the clinochlore–chamosite solid-solution series exist in Nature as metastable phases, these minerals are extremely rare and much less stable than Al-poor serpentines.
Caveolin-1 regulates the ASMase/ceramide-mediated radiation response of endothelial cells in the context of tumor–stroma interactions
Authors: Ketteler Julia , Wittka Alina , Leonetti Daniela , Roy Victoria Veas , Estephan Hala , Maier Patrick , Reis Henning , Herskind Carsten , Jendrossek Verena , Paris Francois , Klein Diana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe integral membrane protein caveolin-1 (CAV1) plays a central role in radioresistance-mediating tumor–stroma interactions of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Among the tumor–stroma, endothelial cells (EC) evolved as critical determinants of the radiation response. CAV1 deficiency in angiogenic EC was already shown to account for increased apoptosis rates of irradiated EC. This study explores the potential impact of differential CAV1 levels in EC on the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)/ceramide pathway as a key player in the regulation of EC apoptosis upon irradiation and cancer cell radioresistance. Enhanced apoptosis sensitivity of CAV1-deficient EC was associated with increased ASMase activity, ceramide generation, formation of large lipid platforms, and finally an altered p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27)/AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) signaling. CAV1-deficient EC increased the growth delay of LNCaP and PC3 PCa cells upon radiation treatment in direct 3D spheroid co-cultures. Exogenous C6 and C16 ceramide treatment in parallel increased the growth delay of PCa spheroids and induced PCa cell apoptosis. Analysis of the respective ceramide species in PCa cells with increased CAV1 levels like those typically found in radio-resistant advanced prostate tumors further revealed an upregulation of unsaturated C24:1 ceramide that might scavenge the effects of EC-derived apoptosis-inducing C16 ceramide. Higher ASMase as well as ceramide levels could be confirmed by immunohistochemistry in human advanced prostate cancer specimen bearing characteristic CAV1 tumor–stroma alterations. Conclusively, CAV1 critically regulates the generation of ceramide-dependent (re-)organization of the plasma membrane that in turn affects the radiation response of EC and adjacent PCa cells. Understanding the CAV1-dependent crosstalk between tumor cells and the host-derived tumor microvasculature and its impact on radiosensitivity may allow to define a rational strategy for overcoming tumor radiation resistance improving clinical outcomes by targeting CAV1.
Stereoselective gridization and polygridization with centrosymmetric molecular packing
Authors: Lin Dongqing , Wei Ying , Peng Aizhong , Zhang He , Zhong Chunxiao , Lu Dan , Zhang Hao , Zheng Xiangping , Yang Lei , Feng Quanyou , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe gridarenes, with well-defined edges and vertices, represent versatile nanoscale building blocks for the installation of frameworks and architectures but suffer from difficulty in stereoselective control during their synthesis. Here we report a diastereoselective gridization of superelectrophilic diazafluorene-containing substrates (AmBn) with crescent shapes into Drawing Hands grids (DHGs). The meso-selectivity reaches 75.6% diastereomeric excess (de) during the gridization of A1B1-type substrates and maintains ~80% de during the polygridization of A2B2-type monomers. Such stereocontrol originates from the centrosymmetric molecular packing of two charge-delocalized superelectrophiles with synergistically π–π stacking attractions and coulombic repulsions. As meso-stereoregular structures show 20∼30 nm in length, the rigid ring/chain-alternating polygrids have a Mark–Houwink exponent of 1.651 and a molecular weight (M) dependence of the hydrodynamic radius Rh ∼ M1.13. Via the simulation of chain collapse, meso-configured polygridarenes still adopt rod-like conformations that facilitate the high rigidity of organic nanopolymers, distinguished from toroid backbones of rac-type polygrids.
Prostate-specific antigen dynamics predict individual responses to intermittent androgen deprivation
Authors: Brady-Nicholls Renee , Nagy John D. , Gerke Travis A. , Zhang Tian , Wang Andrew Z. , Zhang Jingsong , Gatenby Robert A. , Enderling Heiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) is an attractive treatment for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa), whereby cycling treatment on and off can reduce cumulative dose and limit toxicities. We simulate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics, with enrichment of PCa stem-like cell (PCaSC) during treatment as a plausible mechanism of resistance evolution. Simulated PCaSC proliferation patterns correlate with longitudinal serum PSA measurements in 70 PCa patients. Learning dynamics from each treatment cycle in a leave-one-out study, model simulations predict patient-specific evolution of resistance with an overall accuracy of 89% (sensitivity = 73%, specificity = 91%). Previous studies have shown a benefit of concurrent therapies with ADT in both low- and high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa. Model simulations based on response dynamics from the first IADT cycle identify patients who would benefit from concurrent docetaxel, demonstrating the feasibility and potential value of adaptive clinical trials guided by patient-specific mathematical models of intratumoral evolutionary dynamics.
Unveiling phonons in a molecular qubit with four-dimensional inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory
Authors: Garlatti E. , Tesi L. , Lunghi A. , Atzori M. , Voneshen D. J. , Santini P. , Sanvito S. , Guidi T. , Sessoli R. , Carretta S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhonons are the main source of relaxation in molecular nanomagnets, and different mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain the wealth of experimental findings. However, very limited experimental investigations on phonons in these systems have been performed so far, yielding no information about their dispersions. Here we exploit state-of-the-art single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering to directly measure for the first time phonon dispersions in a prototypical molecular qubit. Both acoustic and optical branches are detected in crystals of [VO(acac)$${}_{2}$$

2

] along different directions in the reciprocal space. Using energies and polarisation vectors calculated with state-of-the-art Density Functional Theory, we reproduce important qualitative features of [VO(acac)$${}_{2}$$

2

] phonon modes, such as the presence of low-lying optical branches. Moreover, we evidence phonon anti-crossings involving acoustic and optical branches, yielding significant transfers of the spin-phonon coupling strength between the different modes.
Bionic 3D printed corals
Authors: Wangpraseurt Daniel , You Shangting , Azam Farooq , Jacucci Gianni , Gaidarenko Olga , Hildebrand Mark , Kühl Michael , Smith Alison G. , Davey Matthew P. , Smith Alyssa , Deheyn Dimitri D. , Chen Shaochen , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCorals have evolved as optimized photon augmentation systems, leading to space-efficient microalgal growth and outstanding photosynthetic quantum efficiencies. Light attenuation due to algal self-shading is a key limiting factor for the upscaling of microalgal cultivation. Coral-inspired light management systems could overcome this limitation and facilitate scalable bioenergy and bioproduct generation. Here, we develop 3D printed bionic corals capable of growing microalgae with high spatial cell densities of up to 109 cells mL−1. The hybrid photosynthetic biomaterials are produced with a 3D bioprinting platform which mimics morphological features of living coral tissue and the underlying skeleton with micron resolution, including their optical and mechanical properties. The programmable synthetic microenvironment thus allows for replicating both structural and functional traits of the coral-algal symbiosis. Our work defines a class of bionic materials that is capable of interacting with living organisms and can be exploited for applied coral reef research and photobioreactor design.
Identity and function of an essential nitrogen ligand of the nitrogenase cofactor biosynthesis protein NifB
Authors: Rettberg Lee A. , Wilcoxen Jarett , Jasniewski Andrew J. , Lee Chi Chung , Tanifuji Kazuki , Hu Yilin , Britt R. David , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNifB is a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme that is essential for nitrogenase cofactor assembly. Previously, a nitrogen ligand was shown to be involved in coupling a pair of [Fe4S4] clusters (designated K1 and K2) concomitant with carbide insertion into an [Fe8S9C] cofactor core (designated L) on NifB. However, the identity and function of this ligand remain elusive. Here, we use combined mutagenesis and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance analyses to establish histidine-43 of Methanosarcina acetivorans NifB (MaNifB) as the nitrogen ligand for K1. Biochemical and continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance data demonstrate the inability of MaNifB to serve as a source for cofactor maturation upon substitution of histidine-43 with alanine; whereas x-ray absorption spectroscopy/extended x-ray fine structure experiments further suggest formation of an intermediate that lacks the cofactor core arrangement in this MaNifB variant. These results point to dual functions of histidine-43 in structurally assisting the proper coupling between K1 and K2 and concurrently facilitating carbide formation via deprotonation of the initial carbon radical.
Design of a Multiplexed Analyte Biosensor using Digital Barcoded Particles and Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Prakash Shreya , Ashley Brandon K. , Doyle Patrick S. , Hassan Umer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiplexing allows quantifying multiple analytes in a single step, providing advantages over individual testing through shorter processing time, lower sample volume, and reduced cost per test. Currently, flow cytometry is the gold standard for biomedical multiplexing, but requires technical training, extensive data processing, and expensive operational and capital costs. To solve this challenge, we designed digital barcoded particles and a microfluidic architecture for multiplexed analyte quantification. In this work, we simulate and model non-fluorescence-based microfluidic impedance detection with a single excitation and detection scheme using barcoded polymer microparticles. Our barcoded particles can be designed with specific coding regions and generate numerous distinct patterns enabling digital barcoding. We found that signals based on adhered microsphere position and relative orientation were evaluated and separated based on their associated electrical signatures and had a 7 µm microsphere limit of detection. Our proposed microfluidic system can enumerate micron-sized spheres in a single assay using barcoded particles of various configurations. As representation of blood cells, the microsphere concentrations may provide useful information on disease onset and progression. Such sensors may be used for diagnostic and management of common critical care diseases like sepsis, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infections, and HIV/AIDS.
Chemical manipulation of hydrogen induced high p-type and n-type conductivity in Ga2O3
Authors: Islam Md Minhazul , Liedke Maciej Oskar , Winarski David , Butterling Maik , Wagner Andreas , Hosemann Peter , Wang Yongqiang , Uberuaga Blas , Selim Farida A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvancement of optoelectronic and high-power devices is tied to the development of wide band gap materials with excellent transport properties. However, bipolar doping (n-type and p-type doping) and realizing high carrier density while maintaining good mobility have been big challenges in wide band gap materials. Here P-type and n-type conductivity was introduced in β-Ga2O3, an ultra-wide band gap oxide, by controlling hydrogen incorporation in the lattice without further doping. Hydrogen induced a 9-order of magnitude increase of n-type conductivity with donor ionization energy of 20 meV and resistivity of 10−4 Ω.cm. The conductivity was switched to p-type with acceptor ionization energy of 42 meV by altering hydrogen incorporation in the lattice. Density functional theory calculations were used to examine hydrogen location in the Ga2O3 lattice and identified a new donor type as the source of this remarkable n-type conductivity. Positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements confirm this finding and the interpretation of the experimental results. This work illustrates a new approach that allows a tunable and reversible way of modifying the conductivity of semiconductors and it is expected to have profound implications on semiconductor field. At the same time, it demonstrates for the first time p-type and remarkable n-type conductivity in Ga2O3 which should usher in the development of Ga2O3 devices and advance optoelectronics and high-power devices.