bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Digital Home Assistant User Guides for Older Adults With and Without Long-Term Mobility Disabilities
Authors: Kadylak Travis , Blocker Kenneth , Ramadhani Widya , Koon Lyndsie , Khaleghi Roshanak , Kovac Chris , Sreenivas Ramavarapu , Rogers Wendy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the current study was to understand how to integrate digital home assistant technologies and smart appliances into older adults’ homes by developing supportive user guides that facilitate adoption and continued use. We conducted a series of interviews among older adults, with and without mobility disabilities, to understand their attitudes towards digital assistants and to identify needs for instructional support and user guides. Subsequently, we developed and tested specific user guide modules for older adults aimed at addressing the identified concerns and desired instructional support. Specifically, we developed and field-tested user guides for the initial Amazon Echo device setup, basic device use (e.g., playing music and checking the weather), and separate modules for other domestic use cases (e.g., how to pair an Alexa enabled device with smart lights or appliances). Our results provide guidance for implementation of smart voice technologies to support older adults with long-term mobility disabilities.
Older Adults’ Persisting Beliefs About the Death Panel Myth and Advance Directives
Authors: Coldiron Allyson , Bennett-Leleux Lauren , Lee Diamond , Childers Lucas , Donnell Rachel , Sandlin Alexandra , Marsden Arthur , Barnett Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The political debate preceding passage of the Affordable Care Act included controversy over a bill that some claimed would establish a “death panel” to judge if older adults were worthy of receiving medical care. This claim was false, as the bill would instead incentivize physicians to inform Medicare patients about advanced directives: legal documentation of one’s end-of-life preferences. However, the death panel myth led to the removal of this bill from the Affordable Care Act, and a poll five years later found 41% of Americans still believed in the death panel myth. We investigated the effects believing in this myth had on older adults, hypothesizing that those who believed in the myth would have lower advance directive completion rates and more negative attitudes towards advanced directives. Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 102 years (N = 182) in a large city in the southern United States completed an interview survey. No relationship was found between belief in the death panel myth and advanced directive completion; however, older adults who believed in the myth had lower perceived need for advanced directives than those who did not. Surprisingly, 47.1% of older adults who believed in the myth also supported incentivizing doctors to inform patients about advanced directives, suggesting that many older adults who believe in the myth do not know that the controversial bill was about advanced directives. Results suggest that the death panel myth may have long-lasting effects, specifically persistent distrust about policies promoting advance directives.
¿Dónde Viven Los Latinos? The Types of Neighborhoods Older Latinos Live in and Their Implications for Diabetes
Authors: García Catherine , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The spatial distribution of Latinos in U.S. neighborhoods is highly patterned due to a complex set of social, cultural, and economic forces, which leads to the differential distribution of and exposure of resources and opportunities across space. However, less is known about the types of neighborhoods older Latinos live in and how it impacts their health. Using census tracts from the year 2000, we employed a latent class analysis to explore how social and socioeconomic characteristics cluster together to create distinct neighborhood typologies. These typologies were then combined with data from the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study (n=3,047). We found that Latinos were more likely to live in predominantly Latino neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status (SES) (40%), multiracial neighborhoods with moderate SES (27%), and predominantly white neighborhoods with moderate SES (15%). Latinos living in predominantly Latino neighborhoods with low SES were more likely to have diabetes than other neighborhood typologies.
Social Exclusion and Suicidal Ideation: Analysis of the Bereaved Living Alone
Authors: Choi Bomi , Jun Hey Jung , Lee Sun Ah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between social exclusion and suicidal ideation among bereaved older people living alone. When people with a significant loss in the familial relationship are exposed to social exclusion, they likely experience poor mental health and suicidal ideation. Using the Korean Community Health Survey 2017, logistic regression model was applied to the bereaved older people living alone, 65 to 110 of age (N=14,659). Social exclusion was comprised of three network-based components: exclusion from relationships, social participation, and community. Relationship exclusion means the lack of contact with family, friends, and neighbors, respectively, at least once a week. Social participation exclusion refers to the lack of participation in a religious, socializing, and leisure activity, respectively, at least once a month. Community exclusion covers two indicators of trust in neighbors and perception of neighborhood reciprocity. Results showed that indicators of relationship, social participation, and community exclusion were associated with suicidal ideation. Bereaved, living-alone older people were likely to have suicidal ideation when they lack contact with neighbors (OR=1.13, p&lt;.05), participation in the religious activity (OR=1.12, p&lt;.05) and socializing activity (OR=1.20, p&lt;.05), and trust in neighbors (OR=1.29, p&lt;.001). The moderation analysis showed that exclusion from socializing activity was associated with suicidal ideation only among females. The results of the analyses imply that interventions that promote social participation could improve the mental health of the bereaved older adults living alone.
Religion and Aging in a Context of Secularization
Authors: Idler Ellen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Religion and aging has been a persistent topic of interest to gerontologists, notably Vern Bengtson over his long career. It is increasingly obvious that this research has taken place against a decades-long backdrop of declining religious attendance, with each successive cohort showing lower levels of participation. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study, a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized US population (N=20,091), ages 24-107. We examined the patterns of religious involvement during the period 2004-2014 stratified by five age groups, 24-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-89, 90+. Attending religious services has an age-graded pattern; each older cohort has a higher level of religiosity than the one following it, with the exception of those 90. Patterns for other measures of religious involvement are less dramatic but similar in direction. Lower levels of religious participation in younger cohorts imply a smaller proportion for whom these protective social ties are available. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Religion, Spirituality and Aging Interest Group.
Enrolling Incident Caregivers and Matched Controls From a Nationwide Epidemiological Study
Authors: Roth David , Haley William , Sheehan Orla , Rhodes J David , Howard Virginia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Participants in the national Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were asked about family caregiving responsibilities at enrollment (2003-2007). Among the 88% of participants who were not caregivers at enrollment, 1,229 reported becoming caregivers before a follow-up interview 12 years later. The Caregiving Transitions Study screened these participants and enrolled 251 as incident caregivers. All reported 5 or more hours of care per week, provided assistance with at least one ADL or IADL, and were caregivers for at least 3 months before a 2nd blood sample was obtained in the REGARDS study. A total of 251 noncaregiving control participants who reported no caregiving responsibilities over this 12-year period were also enrolled. Each control was matched to a caregiver on age (+ 5 years), sex, race, other demographics, and baseline (pre-caregiving) health variables. Descriptive analyses confirm the unique comparability of the samples compared to previous caregiving studies.
Measurement and Structure of Cognition in the Longitudinal Aging Study in India—Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia
Authors: Gross Alden , Khobragade Pranali , Meijer Erik , Saxton Judith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We tested whether a complex model of human cognitive abilities based on Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory, developed in English-speaking samples, adequately describes correlations among tests in the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) (N=3,224). Tests in the neuropsychological battery were chosen for their appropriateness for measuring cognition in older adults in India and suitability for co-calibration with the core LASI survey (N=72,000). We evaluated the factor structure and its conformity with a classical CHC factor model incorporating measurement models for general cognition, 5 broad domains (orientation, executive functioning, language/fluency, memory, visuospatial), and 5 narrow domains (abstract reasoning, attention/speed, immediate memory, delayed memory, recognition memory) of cognitive performance. Model fit was adequate (RMSEA:0.051; CFI:0.916; SRMR:0.060). We demonstrated configural factorial invariance of a cognitive battery in the Indian LASI-DAD using CHC theory. Broad domain factors may be used to rank individuals with respect to cognitive performance and classify cognitive impairment.
Age Matters: The Impact of Ageism on Health, Cognitive Impairment, Work Lives, and Anti-Ageist Interventions
Authors: Rozario Philip , Morrow-Howell Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Age is a social constructions. The treatment of people on the basis of their age, imposes serious psycho-emotional, social and economic costs on society and older people. The experiences of ageism may be exacerbated when other forms of acute and chronic forms of oppression are experienced due to racism, sexism, etc. The first paper looks at the impact of ageism on older people’s health. Their systematic review of studies showed that ageism detrimentally and consistently impacted older individuals in 11 health domains, with the prevalence of significant findings increasing over time. Informed by NIA’s Health Disparities Framework, the second paper examines the relationships between discrimination and protective factors on cognitive functioning. Their analyses of the Health and Retirement Survey data reveal, among other things, that everyday experiences of ageism significantly worsen older adults cognitive functioning. Using survey data of adults throughout the life-span, our third presenter examines how multiple identities (such as age and gender) influence employees’ perspectives on workplace fairness in hypothetical situations. The findings are informative to human resource departments in ensuring workplace fairness within the context of a multigenerational workforce. The final paper examines two efforts to disrupt ageism, specifically interventions that target students in an intergenerational program and staff members of senior living communities. Results from these evaluations point to an increase in positive attitudes among students and a reduction in ageist behaviors among staff members. All presenters will discuss policy, practice and research implications of their studies.
A Pilot Study Using the Life Space Assessment Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Ireland
Authors: Stapleton Tadhg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Forty older adults (27, 67.5% female), mean age 74.3 years (range 65- 89), current drivers 31 (77.5%), 23 (57.5%) rural dwellers and 17 (42.5%) urban dwellers participated in the survey. Median LSA score was 74 (range 27-102). All participants were readily accessing life spaces within and immediately outside their own home. Over half (n=23, 57.5%) accessed spaces in their neighbourhood on a daily basis. Decreased frequency of access to spaces outside of local neighbourhood and town was noted. No significant difference in LSA scores between genders (P=0.549), current driving status (P=0.235), but urban dwellers had significantly higher LSA scores than rural dwellers (P=0.024). Spearman correlations found statistically significant negative correlation between age and LSA scores (rho= -0.445, P=0.004), and significant positive correlation between LSA and Euroqol (EQ) VAS scores (rho=0.405, P=0.010). Findings are limited by the small sample size but highlight decreasing frequency of wider community participation with increasing age.
Navigating Religious and Moral Exemptions in Serving LGBTQ Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Perone Angela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Almost immediately after the U.S. Supreme Court mandated marriage equality, a surge in policies carved out exceptions to LGBTQ rights for religious or moral reasons. This study examines how long-term care workers, managers, and administrators respond when staff, visitors, or residents challenge LGBTQ rights based on these exemptions. Building on street-level bureaucracy theory, this study employs an advanced multi-method qualitative design with semi-structured staff interviews (n=85), content analysis of facility policies (n=110), and observation of two facilities. Data analysis revealed three key themes: visibility, bodily autonomy/respect, and safety. While nearly all workers expressed universal concern for LGBTQ rights, direct care workers and managers wavered when religious or moral exemptions arose in serving transgender residents. Workers invoked facility policies regarding gender and bodily care to justify differential treatment. This research provides new knowledge and guidance for workers, facilities, and policymakers and theoretical contributions to street-level bureaucracy. Part of a symposium sponsored by Rainbow Research Group Interest Group.
Incorporating Guided Autobiography, Portfolios, and SoulCollage Into Undergraduate Gerontology Courses
Authors: Cox Lisa , Maguire Gina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although undergraduates don’t eagerly choose gerontology classes first, a hefty number of students have enjoyed content they have explored as they were enrolled in “Aging and Spirituality” and “Therapeutic Arts with Older Adults” courses. The ten universal life themes that help people tell their stories, through the empirically validated methodology of Guided Autobiography (GAB) are incorporated in classes designed for an inter-generational group (older adults and students). Student assembled portfolios created from activities connected to ‘the arts’ and spiritual literacy have enhanced the acquisition of gerontological competencies. Also, through the use of SoulCollage® (developed in the late 1980s by Seena B. Frost, M. Div.) students of all ages, with and without artistic abilities, use a creative collaging process to get in touch with their ego integrity—the eighth stage of development conceptualized by Erik Erikson. Over three years, students have grown in their knowledge of aging and artistic processes.
Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being: An Underexplored Aspect of Growing Older in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Victor Christina , Lamont Ruth , Rippon Isla , Clare Linda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a rich literature from The United States looking at the importance of religion and spirituality in the lives of older adults where it is positively linked with wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in wellbeing in the UK comparatively little interest has been show in the role of religion and spirituality in promoting wellbeing including quality of life, life satisfaction and loneliness. In this paper we explore these issues using three data sets: the European Social Survey (ESS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the IDEAL cohort of people with dementia and their carers to examine (a) the variation in religious practice by older adults, those aged 50+, across Europe; (b) the epidemiology of religious practice among older adults within England and (c) using both ELSA and IDEAL consider the relationship between religion and wellbeing in later life.
Spirituality and Sexuality: Not Necessarily a Binary Choice for LGBTQ+ People
Authors: Thomas Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on a qualitative study on the impact of marriage and civil partnerships for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) couples. Drawing on data from 50 dyad interviews in the UK, US and Canada, the paper investigates the ways in which couples make sense of spirituality in the context of a stigmatised sexuality. For some, the task of arranging a wedding or civil partnership ceremony provided a powerful reminder of their exclusion from mainstream religious denominations. This sense of stigma (Goffman, 1963) was also present in later life, when the lack of social esteem granted to same-sex relationships gave rise to a sense of disenfranchised grief (Doka, 1989). Whereas some participants tended to frame sexuality and spirituality as a kind of binary choice, others resisted this marginalisation from religious and spiritual activities, even if this meant finding a personal sense of spirituality beyond the confines of organised religion.
Policy Series: Building Momentum for a New Future in Politics and Aging: Examining Economics, Values, Language, and Care
Authors: Lepore Michael , Accius Jean 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coinciding with the 2020 presidential election, the 75th anniversary of the Gerontological Society of America arrives amid the contentious creation of a new future for politics and aging. Increasing inequality, spreading disinformation, and mounting despotism are escalating threats to constitutional democracy, but at the same time other social changes are promoting the development of a more thoroughly caring, intergenerationally just, and robustly democratic society. At the crux of this societal transformation, relentless political inertia on core aging issues, like the role of government in the care and support of older adults, continues to inhibit meaningful change in federal policy, dampening the potential for older Americans to achieve desired future states, like living well despite advanced age or disability. This session examines major contemporary trends at the intersection of politics and aging in the United States. Papers address the economics and demographics of aging, drawing attention to increasing federal spending on older adults, decreasing availability of caregivers, and geographic clustering of older people; changes in the age of the electorate, intergenerational political values, and the growing politically polarization of American society; the tendency for federal initiatives to fail to support caregivers, for reasons of policy history, policy traits, and mass public features, like the political isolation of informal caregivers; and the role of linguistic and metaphorical practices in shaping our experiences and views of aging. Discussion addresses opportunities for the country to become more age-friendly while also sustaining democratic institutions and national unity.
Caregiving in the U.S. 2020: What Does the Latest Edition of This Survey Tell Us About Their Contributions and Needs?
Authors: Prudencio Gabriela , Young Heather 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family and friends comprise the most basic unit of any society. For individuals who take on the responsibility of caring for another person through sickness or disability, it can often be challenging to see beyond the individual experience. Yet in the aggregate, family caregivers—whether they be families of kin or families of choice—are woven into the fabric of America’s health, social, economic, and long-term services and supports (LTSS) systems. As the country continues to age, the need to support caregivers as the cornerstone of society will only become more important. A national profile of family caregivers first emerged from the 1997 Caregiving in the U.S. study. Related studies were conducted in 2004, 2009, and 2015 by the NAC in collaboration with AARP. Caregiving in the U.S. 2020 presents a portrait of unpaid family caregivers today. A nationally representative survey (n=1,499), it replicates the methodology used in 2015. Therefore, during this symposium, AARP and NAC will present trend data from 2015 in comparison to 2020, and explore key subgroup differences. The presentation will cover prevalence, demographic characteristics, intensity and duration of care, the well-being of caregivers, the financial impact of family caregiving on caregivers themselves, and the degree to which technology supports caregivers today.
Physical Restraint of Older Adults at Home: Preliminary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Inagaki Asa , Igarashi Ayumi , Noguchi-Watanabe Maiko , Sakka Mariko , Fukui Chie , Yasaka Taisuke , Shinohara Masumi , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors of physical restraints among frail to dependent older adults living at home. We conducted an online survey to ask about the physical/mental conditions, demographics, service utilization, and physical restraints of community-dwelling older adults. Either home care nurse or care managers who were responsible for the older adult answered the survey that were conducted at baseline and one month later. We obtained data from 1,278 individuals. Physical restraint was reported for 53 (4.1%) participants. Multiple logistic regression revealed the factors associated with physical restraints at home: having been restrained at baseline, having pneumonia or heart failure, receiving home bathing, or using rental assistive devices were associated with physical restraints at one month. The findings could be used to promote discussion about which services prevent physical restraints and what we should do to support clients and their family to stay at home safely.
Co-Designing Age-Friendly Health System Materials With Older Adults and Caregivers
Authors: Emery-Tiburcio Erin , Regan Carol , Hilman Judith , Newman Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Achieving better care for older adults requires that they advocate for their own health needs. As health systems become Age-Friendly, education for older adults about the 4Ms is essential. Community Catalyst (CC) is working with older adults at six GWEPs to co-design materials explaining the interconnected 4Ms. In November 2019, CC hosted two focus groups (n=17) with older adults from Rush University Medical Center to understand their views on health care and introduce the 4M concepts. Key themes included the importance of being listened to, of each M and how they are connected, and for materials with graphics and personal stories. Based on this information, prototype educational materials were developed and three additional groups were held in February 2020 (n=30, including family caregivers) to solicit feedback on content and design. The co-design process, evaluation methods, and implications of including older adults in educational design will be discussed.