bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar Technology as a Go Green Movement in Indonesia
Authors: Pari Gustan 
Published: August 2020

Charcoal has long been known by the community in its use either as energy sources or for agriculture/forestry-related aspects. Beginning from the discovery of the so-called Terra Preta, the role of charcoal in improving soil fertility and enhancing its productivity at agriculture as well as forestry lands has attracted remarkable attention internationally ever since. Raw material for charcoal can be wood or other ligno-cellulosic stuffs (e.g. coconut shells, oil-palm shells, rice husks, wood sawdust, nut shells, etc). Technology in charcoal manufacture commonly employed by the community comprises heaping-kiln, drum kiln, and dome-shaped kiln systems. Such manufacture technology is simply carbonizing the ligno-cellulosic stuffs inside the kiln into charcoal. The charcoal yield usually ranges about 20-25% (w/w), implying that as much 75-80% of the stuffs is lost as smoke that further escape to the air. Environment concerns arise since such escaped smoke can pollute the atmosphere and hence contribute to the global warming. Measures are urgently needed to reduce the amount of such escapes among others, as developed by the Center for Research and Development on Forestry Engineering and Forest Products Processing (CRDFEFPP, Indonesia) by cooling the smoke, during the carbonization of ligno-cellulosic stuffs, thereby condensing it into liquid smoke (popularly called as wood vinegar). Through intensive and tedious researches, it is found out that the wood vinegar (as charcoal by-product) could effectively function as bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. Meanwhile, application of charcoal to the seedlings of forestry plant species reveals positive responses as shown by the increase in biomass weight of those plants on other positive plant-growth aspects (e.g. stem height and diameter). Likewise, the use of charcoal combined with compost (i.e. organic fertilizer that results from bio-conversion of biomass stuffs) could enhance as much 2-3 times the production of vegetables plants as the control (untreated plants). This in all strongly indicates the charcoal and wood-vinegar manufacture entirely called as essentially the bio-char technology, can convert biomass stuffs (previously regarded as not or less useful) into value-added or more useful products (charcoal and wood vinegar).
Carbon Stock Stratification of Peat Soils in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Zakiah Siti , Noor Muhammad , Nursyamsi Dedi 
Published: August 2020

<p>Carbon stock in peat soils is very high, it is necessary to prudent in its management because peat soils is emitting greenhouse gases such as CO<sub>2</sub> during land clearing due to oxidation of peat layer. This research was conducted to study soil carbon stock stratification in relation to soil physical and chemical properties. The carbon stock stratification was based on maturity degrees of peat. The study was conducted in Pulau Damar Village, Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan Province on land use rubber. The location of the study area was determined by using the purposive sampling method. All data obtained were analyzed by Excel spreadsheets and drawn on a CorelDraw 12. The results showed that the amount of carbon stock was influenced by the maturity degrees of peats, peat sapric degres has higher carbon stock than of hemik and fibric with a ratio of 2.0: 1.5: 1. The relationship between soil carbon stock with soil physic (Bulk Density, BD) and chemical properties (pH, Eh, Fe, and total-N) were not significantly.</p>
Formulating Oil Palm Investment Decision in Tidal Wetlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wildayana Elisa 
Published: August 2020

<p>The research aimed to formulate an investment decision for oil palm plantation in tidal wetlands of PulauRimau, Banyuasin South Sumatra Indonesia. The research summarized that Land productivity and input amount will determine some differences of each soil suitability (S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3</sub>). The more land suitability level is, the more Fresh Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (FFB) productivity per ha is produced and the less input is given. Net B/C Ratio, NPV and IRR for all land suitability classes are financially feasible for oil palm plantation development, however the most feasible and the most Expected Rate of Return (IRR) is in tidal wetlands with S<sub>1</sub> land suitability (very suitable), followed by S<sub>2</sub> (suitable) and S<sub>3</sub> (marginally suitable). Sensitivity analysis to feasibility for three land suitability is still economically feasible to build and to develop oil palm plantation, especially in large scale, thus its decision for capital investment is suitable.</p>
Analisis Pemetaan Arah Kiblat Masjid dan Musola di Kecamatan Bandung Wetan Kota Bandung
Authors: Hamdani Fahmi Fatwa Rosyadi Satria 
Published: August 2020

Saat ini, arah kiblat beberapa bangunan masjid dan musola di masyarakat masih menyimpang dari Ka'bah, terutama bangunan masjid dan musola di Kecamatan Wetan Bandung, Kota Bandung perlu diverifikasi ulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemetaan arah masjid dan musola di Kecamatan Wetan Bandung, Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari observasi lapangan, kemudian menganalisanya dengan teknik analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman, baik dengan mereduksi data yang dihasilkan dari pengukuran arah kiblat, menyajikan data tentang penyimpangan dalam arah kiblat, dan menarik kesimpulan. . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 70,1% masjid / musola menyimpang ke arah kiblat di bawah 1 derajat, sedangkan sisanya 29,9% di atas 1 derajat dengan penyimpangan terjauh dari arah kiblat 7 derajat 6 menit.
Kata Kunci: Kiblat, Masjid, Musola, Ka’bah.
Pola dan Narasi Gerakan Keislaman di Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Hakam Ahmad , Anggraeni Dewi , Fadhil Abdul 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai pola dan narasi gerakan keislaman yang ada di UNJ. Metode penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua tipe gerakan keislaman di UNJ berupa gerakan nasional dan transnasional. Pola gerakan keislaman nasional berupa kegiatan akademik keagamaan melalui Program Studi PAI, dan organisasi ekstra kampus MATAN, sedangkan gerakan keislaman transnasional diwakili oleh Lembaga dakwah kampus (LDK), serta organisasi ekstra kampus meliputi KAMMI, BMCI, dan Nyantrend. Narasi yang dibangun oleh Prodi PAI dalam bentuk kegiatan akademik keagamaan adalah moderasi Islam dengan jargon “lebih moderat makin Indonesia”, MATAN sebagai gerakan Islam nasional membangun mengusung narasi keislaman Islam Rahmanatn Lil Alamin, LDK mengusung syumuliatul Islam, KAMMI membangun narasi keislaman dengan Islam Syamil, BMCI narasi keislaman yang didakwahkan berupa Islam Kaffah sedangkan Nyantred membangun narasi keislaman berupa Islam Ahlu Sunnah.
Efficacy of single high-molecular-weight versus triple low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid intra-articular injection among knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Ebrahimpour Adel , Bahrami Mohammad Hasan , Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad , Cheraghi Mohsen , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare intra-articular (IA) knee injections of a cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) with a linear low-molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) in terms of pain and functional improvement among knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Methods: In this single-blinded RCT, the patients were randomly divided into two groups for HA injections. The first group received an HMW-HA (Arthromac) injection, while the other received three weekly LMW-HA (Hyalgan) injections. Pain and function were assessed using the outcome measures including WOMAC, Lequesne and VAS indices, once prior to injection, as well as 2 and 6 months after injections.Results: A total of 90 patients were included. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics including age and sex between the two groups. Our analysis showed that total WOMAC, Lequesne and VAS mean scores remarkably improved at both follow-up time-points compared to the baseline measurements (p<0.001). There was no significant superiority between the two therapeutic protocols according to our outcome measures at any time-point of follow-up. The only except was about the improvement in WOMAC stiffness subscale that was significantly higher in LMW-HA group compared to HMW-HA (p=0.021). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in minor complications and injection-induced pain scores between the two groups.Conclusion: This study proved that a single HMW-HA injection is as effective as multiple injections of LMW-HA counterparts in periods of 2 and 6 months follow-up.This study protocol was registered in Iranian database of RCTs (IRCT; www.irct.ir) with the trial registration number IRCT20130523013442N24 and registration date 2018-07-13.
Genomics-assisted prediction of salt and alkali tolerances and functional marker development in apple rootstocks
Authors: Liu Jing , Shen Fei , Xiao Yao , Fang Hongcheng , Qiu Changpeng , Li Wei , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline stress severely affect plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to these stressors has long been important breeding objectives, especially for woody perennials like apple. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics-assisted prediction models for salt, alkali, and salt-alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Results: A total of 3,258 hybrids derived from the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ (Malus robusta Rehd., tolerant) × ‘M9’ (M. pumila Mill., sensitive) were used to identify 17, 13, and two QTLs for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress via bulked segregant analysis. The genotype effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval were estimated. The genomic predicted value of an individual hybrid was calculated by adding the sum of all marker genotype effects to the mean phenotype value of the population. The prediction accuracy was 0.6569, 0.6695, and 0.5834 for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress, respectively. SNP182G on MdRGLG3, which changes a leucine to an arginine at the vWFA-domain, conferred tolerance to salt, alkali, and salt-alkali stress. SNP761A on MdKCAB, affecting the Kv_beta domain that cooperated with the linked allelic variation SNP11, contributed to salt, alkali, and salt–alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Conclusions: The genomics-assisted prediction models can potentially be used in breeding saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline tolerant apple rootstocks. The QTLs and the functional markers may provide insight for future studies into the genetic variation of plant abiotic stress tolerance.
Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: An evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines
Authors: Parfitt Ceri , Duff Christopher J , Scargill Jonathan , Green Lewis , Holland David , Heald Adrian H , Fryer Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bipolar disorder is the fourth most common mental health condition, affecting ~1% of UK adults. Lithium is an effective treatment for prevention of relapse and hospital admission, and is widely recommended as a first-line treatment. We previously showed in other areas that laboratory testing patterns are variable with sub-optimal conformity to guidance. We therefore examined lithium results and requesting patterns relative to monitoring recommendations.Methods: Data on serum lithium levels and intervals between requests were extracted from Clinical Biochemistry laboratory information systems at the University Hospitals of North Midlands, Salford Royal Foundation Trust and Pennine Acute Hospitals from 2012-2018 (46,555 requests; 3,371 individuals). Data were examined with respect to region/source of request, age and sex.Results: Across all sites, lithium levels on many requests were outside the recommended UK therapeutic range (0.4-0.99 mmol/L); 19.2% below the range and 6.1% above the range (median [Li]: 0.60 mmol/L). A small percentage were found at the extremes (3.2% at <0.1mmol/L, 1.0% at ≥1.4mmol/L). Most requests were from general practice (56.3%) or mental health units (34.4%), though those in the toxic range (≥1.4 mmol/L) were more likely to be from secondary care (63.9%). For requesting intervals, there was a distinct peak at 12 weeks, consistent with guidance for those stabilised on lithium therapy. There was no peak at 6 months, as recommended for those aged <65 years on unchanging therapy, though re-test intervals in this age group were more likely to be longer. There was a peak at 0-7 days, reflecting those requiring closer monitoring (e.g. treatment initiation, toxicity). However, for those with initial lithium concentrations within the BNF range (0.4-0.99 mmol/L), 69.4% of tests were requested outside expected testing frequencies.Conclusions: Our data showed: (a) lithium levels are often maintained at the lower end of the recommended therapeutic range, (b) patterns of lithium results and testing frequency were comparable across three UK sites with differing models of care and, (c) re-test intervals demonstrate a noticeable peak at the recommended 3-monthly, but not at 6-monthly intervals. Many tests were repeated outside expected frequencies, indicating the need for measures to minimise inappropriate testing.
A Significant association between CXCL10 -1447 A&gt;G and IL18 -607 C&gt;A gene polymorphisms with Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM-TSP), a case-control report from city of Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Rafatpanah Houshang , Poursina Zohreh , Marzouni Hadi Zare , Atabaki Mahdi , Farid-Hosseini Reza , Tavakkol-Afshari Jalil , Mohammadi Mojgan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
A cross-sectional nationwide survey of congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome in Japan
Authors: Hamasaki Yuko , Hamada Riku , Muramatsu Masaki , Matsumoto Shinsuke , Aya Kunihiko , Ishikura Kenji , Kaneko Tetsuji , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and infantile nephrotic syndrome (INS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In Japan, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of CNS and INS. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of CNS and INS in Japan.Methods: This cross-sectional nationwide survey obtained data from 44 institutions in Japan managing 92 patients with CNS or INS, by means of two survey questionnaires sent by postal mail. Patients aged <16 years by 1 April 2015, with a diagnosis of CNS or INS, were included in this study. The primary outcome was end-stage kidney disease.Results: A total of 83 patients with CNS or INS were analyzed. The most frequent disease type was non-Finnish (60.2%); 33 patients (39.8%) had Finnish type. Among those with non-Finnish-type disease, 26 had no syndrome and 24 had a syndrome, of which the most frequent was Denys–Drash syndrome (70.8%). Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome showed the earliest progression to end-stage kidney disease compared with the other two groups, whereas patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome progressed more slowly compared with the other two groups. In the Finnish-type group, the disease was diagnosed the earliest; a large placenta was reported more frequently; genetic testing was more frequently performed (93.8%); mental retardation was the most frequent extra-renal symptom (21.2%); and thrombosis and infection were more frequent compared with the other groups. Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome had a higher frequency of positive extra-renal symptoms (79.2%), the most common being urogenital symptoms (54.2%). Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants was more frequent among patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome. Two patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome achieved complete remission. In all groups, unilateral nephrectomy was performed more often than bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis was the most common renal replacement therapy.Conclusions: The present epidemiological survey sheds light on the characteristics of children with CNS and INS in Japan. A high proportion of patients underwent genetic examination, and patient management was in accord with current treatment recommendations and practices.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Parents' Multi-layered Expectations when Requesting an Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment of their Young Child: an In-Depth Interview Study
Authors: Jacobs Delphine , Steyaert Jean , Dierickx Kris , Hens Kristien 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Parents are valued stakeholders in research, clinical practice and policy development concerning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about what drives and moves parents besides their obvious worries and help request when they ask for a diagnostic ASD assessment of their child. Methods Seventeen Flemish parents of 11 young children participated in a longitudinal study consisting of three in-depth interviews before and after their child’s diagnostic ASD assessment. Data were analysed in Nvivo 11 according to the procedures of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results In this paper we report the results of the first series of interviews which were conducted after parents had asked for an ASD assessment of their young child, and before this assessment started. The pre-assessment experiences of the parents were dominated by the anticipation of various implications of an ASD diagnosis, comprising both positive and negative expectations. The theme of positive expectations consisted of two equally prominent subthemes: treatment-related implications but also expectations pertaining to their psychological and relational experiences. Conclusions This study suggests important issues for clinicians to bear in mind during a consultation with parents who request an ASD assessment of their young child. We argue that attending to and communicating about parents’ expectations prior to their child’s ASD assessment may help clinicians to better understand parents’ requests for help, and to address their needs more effectively.
Breastfeeding and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: potential leukemogenesis in children in developing countries
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Alhalabi Mohammad Marwan , Ghareeb Ayham , Karam Bahjat , Hamid Aya , Mansour Bassam , Zahra Bayan , Hamdan Othman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Breastfeeding (BF) in infancy is associated with a decreased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries, neglecting developing countries where mothers might be exposed to different carcinogenic substances which could be transferred through breastmilk.Methods: This is a case-control study which was conducted in the major paediatric cancer centre in Syria. Data of case and control groups were obtained from the hospital’s records. Only patients with no hereditary or chromosomal syndrome and aged 4 years and younger were included. The case group included ALL patients and control group contained hospital patients who visited its various clinics. The patients were categorised into 3 groups depending on their feeding habits before the age of 6 months. Results:Our sample contained 70 patients in the case group with 42 (60%) being males and 82 patients in the control group with 52 (55.3%) being males. Sixty (85.7%) cases and 59 (72%) controls were exclusively breastfed. We found a statistically significant difference when comparing cases and controls in BF patterns (P<0.05) as cases were exclusively breastfed more frequently. Exclusive breastfeeding was found more frequently in the case group compared to other patterns of infancy feeding P=0.04 (OR, 2.339; CI, 1.025 -5.336). In case group, parents of a low educational level breastfed their children more frequently (P<0.05). Number of siblings was not associated with ALL or any of its variables. Furthermore, infancy feeding pattern correlation with gender, being born with no complications, consanguinity, CD10, FAB classification, ALL-subtype, risk, and family history were insignificant. Conclusion:There are certain practices among the Syrian people, especially among parents of a low educational level that has possibly exposed their children to carcinogenic substances which were possibly transferred through BF, causing this association between ALL and BF. We speculate certain substances and behaviours being responsible. However, BF had minor effects on the prognosis and subtype of ALL, and number of siblings had no effect on ALL.
Skin Rash Following Administration of Apalutamide in Japanese Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: An Integrated Analysis of the Phase 3 SPARTAN and TITAN Studies and a Phase 1 Open-Label Study
Authors: Uemura Hiroji , Koroki Yosuke , Iwaki Yuki , Imanaka Keiichiro , Kambara Takeshi , Lopez-Gitlitz Angela , Smith Andressa , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: A higher incidence of apalutamide-related skin rash has been observed in Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PC). Methods: This integrated analysis of data of Japanese patients from 2 global Phase 3 studies, SPARTAN (NCT01946204; patients with non‑metastatic castration-resistant PC [nmCRPC]) and TITAN (NCT02489318; patients with metastatic castration-sensitive PC [mCSPC]), and the Phase 1 study 56021927PCR1008 (NCT02162836; patients with metastatic CRPC [mCRPC]), assessed clinical risk factors of apalutamide-related skin rash as well as the potential correlation with plasma exposure to apalutamide. Kaplan-Meier method was used for time-to-event analyses. Clinical risk factors for skin rash were assessed using odds ratio.Results: Data from 68 patients (SPARTAN: n=34, TITAN: n=28, 56021927PCR1008: n=6) receiving apalutamide 240 mg orally once-daily were analyzed. Rash (13 [19.1%]) and maculo-papular rash (11 [16.2%]) were the most frequently reported skin rash. All Grade and Grade 3 skin rash occurred in 35 (51.5%) and 10 (14.7%) patients, respectively. Most (85.7%) skin rash occurred within 4 months of apalutamide initiation and resolved in a median time of 1 month following the use of antihistamines, topical or systemic corticosteroids, with/without apalutamide dose interruptions/reductions. Median time-to-remission of first incidence of rash and maximum grade incidence of rash were 1.0 month (IQR: 0.36-1.81) and 1.0 month (IQR: 0.30-2.43), respectively. No significant clinical risk factors for the incidence of skin rash were observed. Areas under the curve (0-24 hours) (AUC0-24, ss) at steady‑state of plasma apalutamide concentration were numerically slightly higher in patients with skin rash than those without.Conclusions: No clinical risk factors for rash could be detected. There is a potential correlation between incidence of skin rash and plasma exposure to apalutamide. In general, apalutamide‑related skin rash is easily managed, with appropriate treatment with or without dose adjustment. Trial Registration: Retrospective pooled analysis of NCT01946204, NCT02489318, and NCT02162836