bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Oncology Society of Australia: Position statement on cancer‐related malnutrition and sarcopenia
Authors: Kiss Nicole , Loeliger Jenelle , Findlay Merran , Isenring Elizabeth , Baguley Brenton J. , Boltong Anna , Butler Alexis , Deftereos Irene , Eisenhuth Michelle , Fraser Steve F. , Fichera Rebecca , Griffin Hayley , Hayes Sandi , Jeffery Emily , Johnson Catherine , Lomma Chris , van der Meij Barbara , McIntyre Carolyn , Nicholls Tracey , Pugliano Lina , Skinner Tina , Stewart Jane , Bauer Judy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis position statement describes the recommendations of the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) regarding management of cancer‐related malnutrition and sarcopenia. A multidisciplinary working group completed a review of the literature, focused on evidence‐based guidelines, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, to develop recommendations for the position statement. National consultation of the position statement content was undertaken through COSA members. All people with cancer should be screened for malnutrition and sarcopenia in all health settings at diagnosis and as the clinical situation changes throughout treatment and recovery. People identified as “at risk” of malnutrition or with a high‐risk cancer diagnosis or treatment plan should have a comprehensive nutrition assessment; people identified as “at risk” of sarcopenia should have a comprehensive evaluation of muscle status using a combination of assessments for muscle mass, muscle strength and function. All people with cancer‐related malnutrition and sarcopenia should have access to the core components of treatment, including medical nutrition therapy, targeted exercise prescription and physical and psychological symptom management. Treatment for cancer‐related malnutrition and sarcopenia should be individualised, in collaboration with the multidisciplinary team (MDT), and tailored to meet needs at each stage of cancer treatment. Health services should ensure a broad range of health care professionals across the MDT have the skills and confidence to recognise malnutrition and sarcopenia to facilitate timely referrals and treatment. The position statement is expected to provide guidance at a national level to improve the multidisciplinary management of cancer‐related malnutrition and sarcopenia.
The COVID‐19 ibuprofen controversy: A systematic review of NSAIDs in adult acute lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Vaja Ricky , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Ferreira Plinio , Harky Amer , Rogers Luke J. , Gashaw Hime H. , Kirkby Nicholas S. , Mitchell Jane A. 
Published: August 2020

AimsIn light of the recent safety concerns relating to NSAID use in COVID‐19, we sought to evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory complications in patients taking NSAIDs during acute lower respiratory tract infections.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Studies of adult patients with short‐term NSAID use during acute lower respiratory tract infections, including bacterial and viral infections, were included. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular, renal and respiratory complications.ResultsIn total, eight studies including two randomised controlled trials, three retrospective and three prospective observational studies enrolling 44 140 patients were included. Five of the studies were in patients with pneumonia, two in patients with influenza, and one in a patient with acute bronchitis. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to significant heterogeneity. There was a trend towards a reduction in mortality and an increase in pleuro‐pulmonary complications. However, all studies exhibited high risks of bias, primarily due to lack of adjustment for confounding variables. Cardiovascular outcomes were not reported by any of the included studies.ConclusionIn this systematic review of NSAID use during acute lower respiratory tract infections in adults, we found that the existing evidence for mortality, pleuro‐pulmonary complications and rates of mechanical ventilation or organ failure is of extremely poor quality, very low certainty and should be interpreted with caution. Mechanistic and clinical studies addressing the captioned subject are urgently needed, especially in relation to COVID‐19.
Prognostic value of POD24 validation in follicular lymphoma patients initially treated with chemotherapy‐free regimens in a pooled analysis of three randomized trials of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)
Authors: Moccia Alden Alberto , Schär Sämi , Hayoz Stefanie , Pirosa Maria Cristina , Taverna Christian , Novak Urban , Kimby Eva , Ghielmini Michele , Zucca Emanuele 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe relapse of follicular lymphoma (FL) within 24 months (POD24) of chemoimmunotherapy has been associated with poor survival. We analyzed a pooled dataset of three randomized trials including FL patients with advanced disease, conducted by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). Overall, POD24 was observed in 27% of 318 patients, but rate variance among studies suggested that the rituximab schedule might affect POD24 rate. POD24 was associated with lower 10‐year overall survival rates than in the reference group (69% vs. 77%; hazard ratio, 3·12; 95% confidence interval, 1·73–5·65). POD24 retains its prognostic validity in patients treated without chemotherapy and may represent a useful end‐point for future studies.
Responses to progressive exercise in subjects with chronic dyspnea and inspiratory muscle weakness
Authors: Berton Danilo C. , Gass Ricardo , Feldmann Bianca , Plachi Franciele , Hutten Debora , Mendes Nathalia Branco Schweitzer , Schroeder Elisa , Balzan Fernanda M. , Peyré‐Tartaruga Leonardo A. , Gazzana Marcelo B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionInspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) is a potential cause of exertional dyspnea frequently under‐appreciated in clinical practice. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually requested as part of the work‐up for unexplained breathlessness, but the specific pattern of exercise responses ascribed to IMW is insufficiently characterized.ObjectivesTo identify the physiological and sensorial responses to progressive exercise in dyspneic patients with IMW without concomitant cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular diseases.MethodsTwenty‐three subjects (18 females, 55.2 ± 16.9 years) complaining of chronic daily life dyspnea (mMRC = 3 [2‐3]) plus maximal inspiratory pressure < the lower limit of normal and 12 matched controls performed incremental cycling CPET. FEV1/FVC<0.7, significant abnormalities in chest CT or echocardiography, and/or an established diagnosis of neuromuscular disease were among the exclusion criteria.Results and ConclusionPatients presented with reduced aerobic capacity (peak V̇O2: 79 ± 26 vs 116 ± 21 %predicted), a tachypneic breathing pattern (peak breathing frequency/tidal volume = 38.4 ± 22.7 vs 21.7 ± 14.2 breaths/min/L) and exercise‐induced inspiratory capacity reduction (‐0.17 ± 0.33 vs 0.10 ± 0.30 L) (all P < .05) compared to controls. In addition, higher ventilatory response (ΔV̇E/ΔV̇CO2 = 34.1 ± 6.7 vs 27.0 ± 2.3 L/L) and symptomatic burden (dyspnea and leg discomfort) to the imposed workload were observed in patients. Of note, pulse oximetry was similar between groups. Reduced aerobic capacity in the context of a tachypneic breathing pattern, inspiratory capacity reduction and preserved oxygen exchange during progressive exercise should raise the suspicion of inspiratory muscle weakness in subjects with otherwise unexplained breathlessness.
A clinical mimicker of melanoma with distinctive histopathology: Topical silver nitrate exposure
Authors: Ondrasik Regina M. , Jordan Parisa , Sriharan Aravindhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExposure to silver‐containing compounds can result in reversible discoloration of the skin, presenting as an irregular brown or black macule, which can have a clinical appearance similar to melanoma. Both the clinical scenario and the histopathology are unique. Silver nitrate darkens with exposure to light, and the area can appear to change over time. On microscopic examination, there are coarse pigmented granules dispersed throughout the corneal layer, and largely absent from the remainder of the epidermis—although the precise location may depend on the duration of topical exposure. While argyria, its irreversible counterpart, has been well‐characterized, only a single source has previously reported the histopathology of transient topical silver nitrate exposure. We present two cases, review the clinical and histopathologic differentials, and detail the distinctive histopathology that enables a diagnosis to be suggested in this clinical mimicker of melanoma.
Disentangling drivers of spatial autocorrelation in species distribution models
Authors: Mielke Konrad P. , Claassen Tom , Busana Michela , Heskes Tom , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Koffijberg Kees , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: August 2020

Species distribution models (SDMs) are frequently used to understand the influence of site properties on species occurrence. For robust model inference, SDMs need to account for the spatial autocorrelation of virtually all species occurrence data. Current methods do not routinely distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of spatial autocorrelation, although these may have different implications for conservation.Here, we present and test a method that disentangles extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of spatial autocorrelation using repeated observations of a species. We focus on unknown habitat characteristics and conspecific interactions as extrinsic and intrinsic drivers, respectively. We model the former with spatially correlated random effects and the latter with an autocovariate, such that the spatially correlated random effects are constant across the repeated observations whereas the autocovariate may change. We tested the performance of our model on virtual species data and applied it to observations of the corncrake Crex crex in the Netherlands.Applying our model to virtual species data revealed that it was well able to distinguish between the two different drivers of spatial autocorrelation, outperforming models with no or a single component for spatial autocorrelation. This finding was independent of the direction of the conspecific interactions (i.e. conspecific attraction versus competitive exclusion). The simulations confirmed that the ability of our model to disentangle both drivers of autocorrelation depends on repeated observations. In the case study, we discovered that the corncrake has a stronger response to habitat characteristics compared to a model that did not include spatially correlated random effects, whereas conspecific interactions appeared to be less important. This implies that future conservation efforts should primarily focus on maximizing habitat availability.Our study shows how to systematically disentangle extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of spatial autocorrelation. The method we propose can help to correctly identify the main drivers of species distributions.
Characterization of residual stresses from cold expansion using spatial statistics
Authors: Andrew Dallen L. , Han Hai‐Chao , Ocampo Juan , Alaeddini Adel , Thomsen Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResidual stress fields from cold expansion have been widely used to extend the fatigue life of aircraft structures. However, the spatial statistical character of these residual stress fields has not been established and has not been incorporated in current analysis methods. The objective of this study was to establish a spatial statistical method to quantify the residual stress field around a cold expanded hole. A framework called the Spatial Analysis of Residual Stress (SpARS) was developed utilizing spatial correlation, response surface modelling techniques and statistical resampling methods to characterize the residual stress field. Our results showed that tolerance bounds on residual stress can be quantified using this method. We also demonstrated the SpARS method using recently published round robin case studies. The newly developed model will be useful for aircraft structural fatigue crack growth analyses to incorporate residual stress fields for extending inspection intervals for fatigue and fracture critical structures.
Fear of older adult falling questionnaire for caregivers (FOAFQ‐CG): Evidence from content validity and item‐response theory graded‐response modelling
Authors: Yang Rumei , Donaldson Gary W. , Edelman Linda S. , Cloyes Kristin G. , Sanders Natalie A. , Pepper Ginette A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims(1) Determine the content validity of the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers using a panel of gerontological experts and a target sample of family caregivers (Stage 1) and (2) Examine the response patterns of the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers and compare it with older adult version of Fear of Falling Questionnaire Revised using graded‐response modelling (Stage 2).DesignCross‐sectional mixed‐method design.MethodsFive content experts and 10 family caregivers were involved in the Stage 1 study and 53 family caregiver–older adult dyads (N = 106) were included in the Stage 2 study. The content‐validity index and graded‐response modelling were used to analyse data.ResultsAmong experts, the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers content‐validity index for relevancy, importance, and clarity of individual items and total scale ranged from 0.60–1.00 and from 0.77–0.87, respectively. Among family caregivers, the ratings of the item and scale level content‐validity index for relevancy, importance, and clarity ranged from 0.90–1.00 and from 0.95–0.97, respectively. Combining feedback from both groups, we revised one item. Subsequently, the graded‐response modelling revealed that a 1‐factor, 3‐item version of the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers had acceptable psychometric properties.ConclusionsThe brief 3‐item version of the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers is promising for assessing caregivers’ fear of their older adult care recipient falling.ImpactA significant concern for family caregivers is fearing that older adult care recipients will fall, but a lack of validated measures limits the study of this phenomena. A 3‐item version of the Fear of Older Adult Falling Questionnaire‐Caregivers has the potential to identify family caregivers with high fear of older adult falling so that fall risk can be appropriately assessed and addressed.
Classification strategies for non‐routine events occurring in high‐risk patient care settings: A scoping review
Authors: Alberto Emily C. , Jagannath Swathi , McCusker Maureen E. , Keller Susan , Marsic Ivan , Sarcevic Aleksandra , O'Connell Karen J. , Burd Randall S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐routine events (NREs) are atypical or unusual occurrences in a pre‐defined process. Although some NREs in high‐risk clinical settings have no adverse effects on patient care, others can potentially cause serious patient harm. A unified strategy for identifying and describing NREs in these domains will facilitate the comparison of results between studies.MethodsWe conducted a literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE to identify studies related to NREs in high‐risk domains and evaluated the methods used for event observation and description. We applied The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JCAHO) taxonomy (cause, impact, domain, type, prevention, and mitigation) to the descriptions of NREs from the literature.ResultsWe selected 25 articles that met inclusion criteria for review. Real‐time documentation of NREs was more common than a retrospective video review. Thirteen studies used domain experts as observers and seven studies validated observations with interrater reliability. Using the JCAHO taxonomy, “cause” was the most frequently applied classification method, followed by “impact,” “type,” “domain,” and “prevention and mitigation.”ConclusionsNREs are frequent in high‐risk medical settings. Strengths identified in several studies included the use of multiple observers with domain expertise and validation of the event ascertainment approach using interrater reliability. By applying the JCAHO taxonomy to the current literature, we provide an example of a structured approach that can be used for future analyses of NREs.
Small benthic fish strike at prey over distances that fall within theoretical predictions for active sensing using light
Authors: Neiße Niklas , Santon Matteo , Bitton Pierre‐Paul , Michiels Nico K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmall, benthic, cryptic fishes represent a species‐rich guild on marine substrates. Most of them are micropredators that feed on crustaceans that are often smaller than 1 mm. Typical examples are seahorses and pipefishes (Syngnathidae), most gobies (Gobiidae), dragonets (Callionymidae) and triplefins (Tripterygiidae). Previous work on the yellow black‐headed triplefin Tripterygion delaisi demonstrated that it actively redirects downwelling sunlight sideways using its iris and can use this to locally illuminate objects of interest. We call this form of active sensing using light “diurnal active photolocation”. Visual modelling predicted that light redirection can be sufficient to induce a perceivable change in luminance in the eyes of one of its prey species, a cryptic gammarid crustacean (Cheirocratus sp.), over distances of 1–2 cm. Empirical validation, however, was not possible because measurements of predation distances have not been quantified for free‐ranging, small, benthic fishes before. Here, we present interaction distances measured from videos of T. delaisi approaching and striking at prey in the field. Out of 160 recordings, we were able to quantify 78 prey approaching distances and 100 striking distances. Approaching distances ranged from 2.1 to 4.1 cm (interquartile range, IQR) and involved one to five approaching steps before the actual strike occurred. The distance over which the final strike took place varied from 0.7 to 1.6 cm (IQR). Both approaching and striking distances increased with fish body size. We conclude that most approaching sequences started too far away to be explained by prey detection through light redirection. Striking distances, however, fell well with the distances predicted by the model. We conclude that if diurnal active photolocation plays a role in prey detection, it is during the final decision whether to strike or not.
Prospective study of objective physical activity and quality of life in living donor liver transplant recipients
Authors: Tanaka Satomi , Fujita Kimie , Kanaoka Maki , Makimoto Kiyoko , Yakushiji Kanako , Tanaka Rumi , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to: (a) describe the physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QOL) in living donor liver transplant (LDLT) recipients pre‐operatively and at 3 months and 6 months post‐operatively; (b) compare PA and QOL at 6 months post‐operatively with a healthy control group; and (c) explore pre‐operative factors that predict PA changes.MethodsPatients over 20 years of age who were undergoing LDLT were recruited. PA was measured based on the number of steps/day and time spent performing moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) during 1 week using an accelerometer. QOL was assessed based on a physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary of the eight‐item Short‐Form Health Survey. The LDLT and healthy control groups were matched for age (±3 years) and gender. Pre‐operative factors predicting a change in PA were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model.ResultsTwenty‐four patients completed the study. By 6 months post‐LDLT, the MCS and PCS were comparable to those in the control group. The number of steps (3,887 steps/day) and MVPA (29.3 min/week) showed significant improvement by 6 months post‐operatively, but remained much lower compared with those in the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that younger age (p < .01, p = .04) and higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM; p < .01, p = .03) were predictors of improvement in number of steps and MVPA.ConclusionThis study suggests the need for pre‐operative interventions by healthcare professionals that focus on outcomes such as improving low SMM to facilitate post‐operative PA recovery.
Assessing trends in medical expenditures and measuring the impact of health-related quality of life on medical expenditures for U.S. adults with diabetes associated chronic kidney disease using 2002–2016 medical expenditure panel survey data
Authors: Kharat Aditi A , Muzumdar Jagannath , Hwang Monica , Wu Wenchen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most expensive comorbidities of diabetes. The changes in medical expenditures over the years and the latest economic burden of CKD among diabetes are unknown.

Objectives
(1) To examine the trend and estimate the differences in medical expenditures between adults with diabetes-associated CKD and diabetes-no CKD from 2002 to 2016 using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2) To study the impact of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on medical expenditure for adults with diabetes-associated CKD.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were used for studying the trend in medical expenditures from 2002 to 2016. HRQOL was measured using physical and mental component summary (PCS, MCS). Two-part model was utilized for estimating the incremental medical expenditure for diabetes patients by CKD status.

Key findings
A total of 35,112 diabetic adults were identified in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey dataset. Among these, 3,489 individuals had CKD. The pooled mean expenditure for diabetes-associated CKD was $25,953 which was almost double of $12,170 for patients with diabetes and no CKD. Individuals with diabetes CKD had $12,109 higher adjusted direct incremental medical expenditure as compared to diabetes-no CKD. With respect to HRQOL, individuals in the highest quartile of PCS and MCS spent $18,076 and $10,307 lesser than those in the lowest quartile respectively.

Conclusions
Medical expenditures associated with CKD are a significant contributor to the financial burden among diabetes adults. Improvements in HRQOL also lead to lower healthcare costs in diabetes-associated CKD patients.
Symptomatic atrioventricular block during biventricular pacing: Facing a double trouble
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Majumder Suchit , Khetan Anup , Sarkar Rakesh , Mukherjee Sanjeev S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFar‐field R wave (FFRW) oversensing in atrial channel is known to cause inappropriate automatic mode switch. We describe a case of 63‐year‐old lady with dual‐chamber permanent pacemaker implanted 2 years back for symptomatic infra‐hisian complete heart block and normal biventricular function. After 6 months, she underwent upgradation to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT‐P, Boston Scientific) for right ventricular pacing induced cardiomyopathy. Her LV function normalized after CRT. Later on, FFRW oversensing caused false triggering of an atrial tachycardia, which subsequently opened up an "atrial flutter response" window leading to symptomatic inadvertent atrioventricular block at frequent intervals. Common ways to troubleshoot FFRW oversensing are either by increasing post‐ventricular atrial blanking or reducing atrial channel sensitivity. In her case, concomitant P wave under‐sensing made the situation more challenging to manage.