bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of interventions to improve pain assessment and management in people living with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Tsai Yvette I‐Pei , Browne Graeme , Inder Kerry Jill 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo synthesize and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for nurses to improve the assessment and management of pain in people living with dementia.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesCINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) EBP, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched for all journal articles published between 2009 ‐2019.Review methodsPapers were included under population intervention comparator outcome (PICO) framework for: (a) people living with dementia aged 65 years and over; (b) interventions developed for nurses or other health professionals; (c) comparison group of standard care or control; and (d) outcome that measures the intervention effects on nurses and people living with dementia. Independent reviewers undertook critical appraisal, data abstraction, and synthesis. Meta‐analyses were performed to determine the effectiveness of interventions.ResultsOf 2099 titles and abstracts screened, six interventions with low‐to‐moderate risk of bias met inclusion criteria. Studies that implemented a routine pain assessment tool showed no effect on nurses’ analgesic management. Studies that developed a comprehensive pain model involving multidisciplinary health professionals showed overall effects on pain assessment and management in dementia care. Physician involvement had an impact on analgesic management.ConclusionComprehensive pain models improve nurses’ pain assessment and management. A lack of balance between analgesia use and non‐pharmacological pain management in dementia care is evident. Multidisciplinary health professionals’ involvement is essential for effective intervention design for pain management in dementia.ImpactVarious pain assessment tools have been considered to assist identification and management of pain in people living with dementia. Nevertheless, challenges exist when caring for people living with dementia in pain. These findings support the development of a comprehensive pain model, which may be a more effective strategy than routine use of a pain tool alone for nurses to improve pain management in dementia care.
The influence of natural fire and cultural practices on island ecosystems: Insights from a 4,800 year record from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
Authors: Ravazzi Cesare , Mariani Michela , Criado Constantino , Garozzo Lorena , Naranjo‐Cigala Agustín , Perez‐Torrado Francisco J. , Pini Roberta , Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Alejandro , Nogué Sandra , Whittaker Robert J. , Fernández‐Palacios José María , de Nascimento Lea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimLong‐term ecological data provide a stepped frame of island ecosystem transformation after successive waves of human colonization, essential to determine conservation and management baselines. However, the timing and ecological impact of initial human settlement on many islands is still poorly known. Here, we report analyses from a 4800‐year sedimentary sequence from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), with the goal of disentangling forest responses to natural fire from early human pressure on the island.LocationLa Calderilla, a volcanic maar caldera at 1,770 m a.s.l. on Gran Canaria.TaxonPlants and fungi.MethodsA core from the caldera infill was analysed for sediment properties, pollen, micro‐ and macrocharcoal, with radiocarbon and biochronology dating. Fossil data were statistically zoned and interpreted with the help of cross‐correlation and ordination analyses. Surface samples and a pollen–vegetation training set were used as modern analogues for vegetation reconstruction.ResultsBefore human settlement (4,800–2,000 cal. yr bp), pine (Pinus canariensis) pollen dominated. Extensive dry pine forests characterized the highlands, although with temporary declining phases, followed by prompt (sub‐centennial scale) recovery. Towards 2,280 cal. yr bp there was a shift to open vegetation, marked by an increase in coprophilous spores. Coincidental with independent evidence of human settlement in the pine belt (2,000–470 cal. yr bp) there was a decline of pine and a peak in charcoal. Following historic settlement (470–0 cal. yr bp), pollen producers from anthropogenic habitats, secondary vegetation and coprophilous fungi increased in abundance, reflecting higher pressure of animal husbandry and farming. Modern moss polsters reflect extensive reforestation since 1950 ce (Common Era).Main conclusionsFrom 4,800 cal. yr bp, the pristine vegetation covering the Gran Canaria highlands was a mosaic of dry pine forests and open vegetation. The pine forests sustained intense fires, which may well have promoted habitat diversity. Human interference was initiated around 2,280 cal. yr bp probably by recurrent cultural firing and animal husbandry, triggering a steady trend of forest withdrawal and expansion of grasses and scrubs, until the final disappearance of the pine forest locally in the 20th century. Grasslands were found to be of ancient cultural origin in the summit areas of Gran Canaria, although they underwent an expansion after the Castilian Conquest.
Phylogenomics resolves the invasion history of Acacia auriculiformis in Florida
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Madeira Paul T. , Makinson Jeffrey R. , Dutoit Ludovic , Blair Zizah , Walter Gimme H. , Nawaz Muhammad , Purcell Matthew F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimUnderstanding the genetic structure of plants in their native range is crucial when reconstructing the invasion history of weeds. This information allows researchers to pinpoint the provenance of invasive plants and to test the importance of genetic admixture in facilitating invasion success. We assessed genetic structuring across the native range of A. auriculiformis, to determine whether genetic admixture contributes to the success of this weed in its introduced range, and test for rapid adaptation to environmental conditions in the invasive lineage.LocationAustralia, Papua New Guinea, Florida.TaxonEarleaf acacia.MethodsWe sampled A. auriculiformis from across its entire native distribution (northern Australia, Papua New Guinea) and its invasive range in Florida, and used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to assess population structuring.ResultsPrincipal component analysis, based on 9591 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, indicated significant differentiation among samples from Papua New Guinea, the Northern Territory (Australia) and north Queensland (Australia). Florida samples also formed a distinct cluster, with these samples most closely related to samples from the Northern Territory. These results indicate that the Florida A. auriculiformis lineage most likely originates from the Northern Territory, with no evidence that plants were introduced from different parts of the native range. We found evidence of allelic shifts in the Florida population, suggesting rapid adaptation to environmental conditions may contribute the success of the invasive lineage.Main conclusionsTwo well‐known biogeographic barriers—the Carpentaria Gap and Torres Strait—have caused genome‐wide divergence among A. auriculiformis plants from north Queensland, Northern Territory and Papua New Guinea. The taxonomic status of these allopatric populations should be further assessed. As the Florida lineage originated in the Northern Territory, the search for potential biological control agents should be focused in this region. Our results also demonstrate how artificial selection and strong genetic drift may cause introduced plants to have a unique genetic make‐up not found in the native range.
Early‐onset and recurrent depression in parents increases risk of intergenerational transmission to adolescent offspring
Authors: Jaffee Sara R. , Sligo Judith L. , McAnally Helena M. , Bolton Aroha E. , Baxter Joanne M. , Hancox Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo assess whether the age‐of‐onset or the recurrence of parents’ major depressive disorder (MDD), measured prospectively in a longitudinal birth cohort study, predicted offspring depression at age 15.MethodsA two‐generation study of New Zealanders, with prospective, longitudinal data in the parents’ generation (n = 375) and cross‐sectional data from their adolescent offspring (n = 612). Parent and offspring depression was measured with structured clinical interviews. Parent depression was measured at six time points from age 11 to 38 years. Adolescent offspring depression was measured at age 15.ResultsCompared to adolescents whose parents were never depressed, those whose parents met criteria for MDD more than once and those whose parents first met criteria before adulthood had more symptoms of depression. The combination of early‐onset and recurrent depression in parents made adolescents particularly vulnerable; their odds of meeting criteria for MDD were 4.21 times greater (95% CI = 1.57–11.26) than adolescents whose parents were never depressed. The strength of the intergenerational effect did not vary as a function of parent or offspring sex. The prevalence of adolescent depression was 2.5 times higher in the offspring than at age 15 in the parents’ generation.ConclusionsRecurrent depression in both fathers and mothers increases offspring risk for depression, particularly when it starts in childhood or adolescence, but a single lifetime episode does not. Health practitioners should be aware of age‐of‐onset and course of depression in both parents when assessing their children’s risk for depression.
Diet, trophic interactions and possible ecological role of commercial sharks and batoids in northern Peruvian waters
Authors: Gonzalez‐Pestana Adriana , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Alfaro‐Córdova Eliana , Acuña‐Perales Nicolas , Córdova‐Zavaleta Francisco , Segura‐Cobeña Eduardo , Benites Diego , Espinoza Maximiliano , Coasaca‐Céspedes Javier , Jiménez Astrid , Pingo Sergio , Moscoso Victor , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Espinoza Pepe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Peruvian sea represents one of the most productive ocean ecosystems and possesses one of the largest elasmobranch fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. Ecosystem‐based management of these fisheries will require information on the trophic ecology of elasmobranchs. This study aimed to understand the diet, trophic interactions and the role of nine commercial elasmobranch species in northern Peru through the analysis of stomach contents. A total of 865 non‐empty stomachs were analysed. Off northern Peru, elasmobranchs function as upper‐trophic‐level species consuming 78 prey items, predominantly teleosts and cephalopods. Two distinctive trophic assemblages were identified: (a) sharks (smooth hammerhead sharkSphyrna zygaena, thresher sharkAlopiasspp. and blue sharkPrionace glauca) that feed mainly on cephalopods in the pelagic ecosystem; and (b) sharks and batoids (Chilean eagle rayMyliobatis chilensis, humpback smooth‐houndMustelus whitneyi, spotted houndsharkTriakis maculata, Pacific guitarfishPseudobatos planiceps, copper sharkCarcharhinus brachyurusand school sharkGaleorhinus galeus) that feed mainly on teleosts and invertebrates in the benthonic and pelagic coastal ecosystem. This study reveals for the first time the diet ofT. maculataand the importance of elasmobranchs as predators of abundant and commercial species (i.e., jumbo squidDosidicus gigasand Peruvian anchovyEngraulis ringens). The results of this study can assist in the design of an ecosystem‐based management for the northern Peruvian sea and the conservation of these highly exploited, threatened or poorly understood group of predators in one of the most productive marine ecosystems.
Metapelite from the high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure terrane of the Eastern Alps (Pohorje Mountains, Slovenia)—New pressure, temperature and time constraints on a polymetamorphic rock
Authors: Li Botao , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Koller Friedrich , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Austroalpine nappe stack of the Pohorje Mountains (Mts.) in northeastern Slovenia comprises a suite of eclogite facies metamorphic rocks that were partially assigned to Eo‐Alpine ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism (UHPM). We selected a micaschist, which was previously related to this metamorphism, for a detailed study including the chemical zonation of garnet and potassic white mica, the identification of mineral inclusion assemblages, pseudosection modelling with PERPLE_X, and monazite in‐situ dating with the electron microprobe. Polymetamorphism was revealed by (at least) two generations of garnet and phengite and four populations of monazite yielding ages of 283.6 ± 6.1 (2σ), 94.1 ± 3.7, 47.9 ± 10.8 and 26.2 ± 2.8 Ma. The Permian monazite population is characterized by relatively high Y contents (~1.15 wt% Y) and low La/Gd mass ratios (8.7) indicating its formation before the growth of porphyroblastic garnet. The Eo‐Alpine population, however, grew synchronously with garnet based on low Y contents (~0.05 wt%) and high La/Gd ratios (21.4). The older Tertiary population (48 Ma) shows also high Y contents (1.1 wt%) and low La/Gd ratios (10.6) whereas the younger Tertiary population is characterized by low Y contents. The Permian P–T conditions of 7.5–10 kbar at 600–650°C were obtained using the inclusion assemblage of staurolite+rutile+biotite in porphyroblastic garnet. High pressure (HP) but no UHPM was reconstructed for both Eo‐Alpine coarse phengite (Si = 3.22 per formula unit = pfu) and small Tertiary garnet+fine‐grained phengite (Si = 3.27 pfu) at peak pressures ~16 kbar and 18.5–23 kbar respectively. Maximum temperatures close to 650°C were likely reached during the Eo‐Alpine HP event, whereas those of the Tertiary HP event were probably ~580°C. These HP metamorphic events suggest that the Pohorje Mts. experienced both an Eo‐Alpine and a Tertiary subduction–exhumation history, the latter of which was mainly reported for underlying Penninic nappes so far.
Chrono‐nutrition: From molecular and neuronal mechanisms to human epidemiology and timed feeding patterns
Authors: Flanagan Alan , Bechtold David A. , Pot Gerda K. , Johnston Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe circadian timing system governs daily biological rhythms, synchronising physiology and behaviour to the temporal world. External time cues, including the light‐dark cycle and timing of food intake, provide daily signals for entrainment of the central, master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and of metabolic rhythms in peripheral tissues, respectively. Chrono‐nutrition is an emerging field building on the relationship between temporal eating patterns, circadian rhythms, and metabolic health. Evidence from both animal and human research demonstrates adverse metabolic consequences of circadian disruption. Conversely, a growing body of evidence indicates that aligning food intake to periods of the day when circadian rhythms in metabolic processes are optimised for nutrition may be effective for improving metabolic health. Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid homeostasis, insulin responsiveness and sensitivity, energy expenditure, and postprandial metabolism, may favour eating patterns characterised by earlier temporal distribution of energy. This review details the molecular basis for metabolic clocks, the regulation of feeding behaviour, and the evidence for meal timing as an entraining signal for the circadian system in animal models. The epidemiology of temporal eating patterns in humans is examined, together with evidence from human intervention studies investigating the metabolic effects of morning compared to evening energy intake, and emerging chrono‐nutrition interventions such as time‐restricted feeding. Chrono‐nutrition may have therapeutic application for individuals with and at‐risk of metabolic disease and convey health benefits within the general population.image
Narrow‐Framing and Risk Preferences in Family and Non‐Family Firms
Authors: Fang Hanqing “Chevy” , Memili Esra , Chrisman James J. , Tang Linjia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBuilding upon prospect theory’s concept of narrow‐framing, we explore family firms’ risk preferences across multiple decisions in corporate entrepreneurship. We argue that family firms’ decisions are less likely to be narrowly framed (more likely to be made as a group rather than in isolation) compared to non‐family firms. Examining the interaction between two risky decisions (internationalization and R&D investment) in two samples of publicly traded firms in the USA and China confirms our hypotheses. Family firms appear more likely than non‐family firms to diversify risk when making multiple decisions concerning corporate entrepreneurship. However, given inferior performance, risk taking across multiple decisions in family firms is positively related.
Responsiveness of methods to evaluate chewing ability after removable partial denture treatments
Authors: Fueki Kenji , Inamochi Yuka , Yoshida‐Kohno Eiko , Hayashi Yoko , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of an instrument to detect a clinically important change in patient‐reported outcomes following prosthetic treatment is critical for its use in clinical practice and research settings.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the responsiveness of instruments in evaluating patient perception of chewing ability after removable partial denture (RPD) treatment in a prospective cohort.MethodsA single 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS), 20‐item food intake questionnaire (FIQ) and 6‐point chewing difficulty scale (CDS) were administered to 248 partially edentulous patients to evaluate chewing ability pre‐ and post‐RPD treatment. We conducted a statistical comparison between the pre‐ and post‐treatment scores and determined the effect size (r) of RPD treatment for the instruments.ResultsA significant improvement in chewing ability after RPD treatment was identified by VAS and CDS (P < .05), but not by FIQ (P = .16), which identified an improvement after controlling for sex, age, the number of missing teeth and presence/absence of existing removable dentures. The effect size was medium for VAS (r = .54), weak for CDS (r = .14‐.17) and absent for FIQ (r = −.09). The increase in r was significantly associated with impaired chewing ability before treatment (ρ = −0.87, P < .001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the 100‐mm VAS, followed by CDS, is the most responsive instrument to detect an improvement in chewing ability after RPD treatment. Pre‐treatment impairment of chewing ability was associated with better responsiveness of the instruments.
Elective neck dissection in primary parotid carcinomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Borsetto Daniele , Iocca Oreste , De Virgilio Armando , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Phillips Veronica , Nicolai Piero , Spriano Giuseppe , Fussey Jonathan , Di Maio Pasquale 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the rate of occult cervical lymph node metastases in cN0 patients affected by primary parotid carcinomas and to scrutinize the evidence on the indication and extent of elective neck dissection in these neoplasms.MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until August 31, 2020, to identify studies reporting the use of elective neck dissection in the management of malignant parotid tumours. The PRISMA checklist was used. A single arm meta‐analysis was then made to determine the pooled rate of occult lymph node metastases. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed through the ROBINS‐E tool.ResultsThe initial search returned 20 541 articles, of which twelve met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. They comprised 1310 patients with parotid carcinoma, of whom 542 cN0 underwent elective neck dissection, which led to the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (pN+/cN0) in 113 cases. Meta‐analysis of the results of elective neck dissection showed an overall rate of occult metastases of 0.22 (99% CI: 0.14‐0.30). Locally advanced or high‐grade tumours were the commonest indications for elective neck dissection in the included studies. The most dissected lymph node levels were I‐II‐III, and level II was the commonest site of occult nodal metastases.ConclusionsAn occult metastasis rate of 0.22 (99% CI: 0.14‐0.30) represents a not negligible percentage value, which should encourage further research to outline the most appropriate elective neck management in cN0 patients with parotid carcinomas.
Wage trickle down versus rent trickle down: How does an increase in college graduates affect wages and rents?
Authors: Choi Jung Hyun , Green Richard K. , Noh Eul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe extend the Rosen–Roback spatial equilibrium model to show that increasing city‐level college share affects welfare distribution by changing both wages and housing costs heterogeneously across individuals with different education levels. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1980 to 2013, we confirm that high‐skilled workers gain greater benefits from living in cities with a rising college share, as the increase in their wage premiums outweighs their rent growth. However, the increased earnings of the unskilled are completely offset by higher housing rents. In response to the college graduate influx, housing wealth also increases significantly more for college graduates, further widening the welfare gap. The increased welfare gap is greater in cities where housing supply is inelastic.
The influence of an apex predator introduction on an already established subordinate predator
Authors: Parker D. M. , van de Vyver D. B. , Bissett C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfrican lions (Panthera leo) can influence the location, distribution and behaviour of smaller carnivores such as cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). In fenced protected areas, where space is limited, the effects of the apex predator can be exaggerated to the point of localized extinction of the subordinate. Here, we directly compare the prey selection of cheetahs before and after the re‐introduction of lions to the Mountain Zebra National Park, South Africa. The lion re‐introduction did not significantly influence the diet of the cheetahs. Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) comprised >75% of cheetah diet both before and after the lion re‐introduction with no noticeable changes in the size ranges of prey selected. In addition, there was no significant dietary overlap (O < 0.45) with the lions. Our study supports recent findings that cheetahs, as subordinate predators, can coexist with larger, more aggressive carnivores within an enclosed environment without compromising access to resources. However, our work represents a temporal snapshot into lion and cheetah foraging behaviour in an enclosed system and we recommend further research across multiple sites and predator densities.