bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP), for Cartilage Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Qabulio Shabana , Shaikh Fouzia , Mirza Ahmad Iqbal , Shahid Moazzam Ali , Kumar Santosh 
Published: September 2020

Background: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), is an extracellular matrix (ECM) non-collagenous glycoprotein that is mainly localized within the cartilage, and also be found in tendon and synovium.Recent studies in west and Asia Pacific region has shown that COMP, is a prognostic marker in Rheumatoid arthritis(RA).
Objective: To correlate serum COMP levels with disease severity and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Pathology and Rheumatology, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from June 2018 to May 2019. Patients were recruited as per American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 classification criteria. The study population consists of 88 healthy subjects and 88 RA patients. Sandwich ELISA technique was used to assess serum COMP level. Other inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies like rheumatoid factor, and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) were also assessed. Results were analyzed using SPSS-20 and P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Serum COMP levels were significantly higher in RA patients 51.35 ng/ml than controls 21.454 ng/ml with significant p value=<0.0001. There was strong positive correlation between COMP level and disease severity in RA patients with moderate as well as high disease activity score (DAS) with significant p value. Serum COMP showed 96% sensitivity and 83% specificity at level of 27.01 ng/ml for diagnosis of RA.
Conclusions: COMP has significant positive correlation with severity of RA. Serum COMP can be utilized as a biomarker to quantify cartilage destruction in RA patients.
Behavior of square concrete‐filled steel tubular beam‐columns subjected to lateral loads with constant cyclic displacement
Authors: Kido Masae , Tsuda Keigo , Fukumoto Toshiyuki , Ichinohe Yasuo , Morita Koji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to clarify the cyclic behavior of square concrete‐filled steel tube (CFT) beam‐columns subjected to lateral loads with constant cyclic displacement under constant axial load. The test parameters included the effective length‐section depth ratio, axial compression ratio, and rotation angle amplitude. The relationship between the lateral load and the rotation angle are indicated along with the axial strain and load deterioration behavior in this paper. Furthermore, the relationship between the axial strain and load deterioration behaviors is discussed. Moreover, the experimental load is compared with the cross‐section strength, ultimate strength, and allowable strength, as presented in the Architectural Institute of Japan's recommendations for the design and construction of CFT structures; and the relationship between the experimental load and load deterioration behavior is examined.
The disposition of building evacuation sites and war‐damage reconstruction in Sendai The projects and the relationships among public entities for the conversion of evacuation sites into urban planning sites
Authors: Saito Shunsuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the state of the disposition of building evacuation sites in Sendai, including the processes and background, whilst considering the project environment surrounding the disposition in central ministries and Sendai. The Home Ministry, which had been responsible for building evacuation during the wartime period, consistently promoted the conversion of evacuation sites into urban planning sites immediately following the end of World War II. The Ministry of Transport and the War‐Damage Reconstruction Institute also planned to convert evacuation sites into urban planning sites and railway land. Therefore, in Sendai, there were plans to convert two evacuation sites into streets. However, due to differences in the project environment surrounding the disposition of evacuation sites; such as the number of evacuated houses, required expenses, regional characteristics, and differences in project characteristics; only one street was completed. Considering the influence of pre‐war urban planning on building evacuation, and thus war‐damage reconstruction: three streets coincided with preceding pre‐war plans, and the pre‐war urban planning street was taken over in a manner consistent with war‐damage reconstruction through building evacuation.
The benefits evaluation of abdominal deep inspiration breath hold based on knowledge‐based radiotherapy treatment planning for left‐sided breast cancer
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Wang Jiazhou , Zhao Feng , Hu Weigang , Yao Guorong , Lu Zhongjie , Yan Senxiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo study the impact of abdominal deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique on knowledge‐based radiotherapy treatment planning for left‐sided breast cancer to guide the application of DIBH technology.Materials and methodsTwo kernel density estimation (KDE) models were developed based on 40 left‐sided breast cancer patients with two CT acquisitions of free breathing (FB‐CT) and DIBH (DIBH‐CT). Each KDE model was used to predict dose volume histograms (DVHs) based on DIBH‐CT and FB‐CT for another 10 new patients similar to our training datasets. The predicted DVHs were taken as a substitute for dose constraints and objective functions in the Eclipse treatment planning system, with the same requirements for the planning target volume (PTV). The mean doses to the heart, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) and the ipsilateral lung were evaluated and compared using the T‐test among clinical plans, KDE predictions, and KDE plans.ResultsOur study demonstrated that the KDE model can generate deliverable simulations equivalent to clinically applicable plans. The T‐test was applied to test the consistency hypothesis on another ten left‐sided breast cancer patients. In cases of the same breathing status, there was no statistically significant difference between the predicted and the clinical plans for all clinically relevant DVH indices (P > 0.05), and all predicted DVHs can be transferred into deliverable plans. For DIBH‐CT images, significant differences were observed between FB model predictions and clinical plans (P < 0.05). DIBH model prediction cannot be optimized to a deliverable plan based on FB‐CT, with a counsel of perfection.ConclusionKDE models can predict DVHs well for the same breathing conditions but degrade with different breathing conditions. The benefits of DIBH for a given patient can be evaluated with a quick comparison of prediction results of the two models before treatment planning.
Three Subband Occupation of the Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas in Ultrathin Barrier AlN/GaN Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Liuyun , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Tao , Wang Jingyue , Zhang Wenjie , Quach Patrick , Wang Ping , Liu Fang , Li Duo , Chen Ling , Liu Shangfeng , Wei Jiaqi , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Tang Ning , Tan Wei , Zhang Jian , Ge Weikun , Wu Xiaosong , Zhang Chi , Shen Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltrathin barrier AlN/GaN heterostructure with record low sheet resistance of 82 Ω sq−1 is achieved by molecular beam epitaxy, where Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations (SdHOs) and quantum Hall effect (QHE) of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are observed. The fast Fourier transform analysis of the SdHOs demonstrates a three‐subband occupation in the triangle quantum well for the first time, with the electron density of n1 = 2.2 × 1013 cm−2, n2 = 2.3 × 1012 cm−2, and n3 = 8.8 × 1011 cm−2, respectively, and the corresponding energy of 265, 28, and 11 meV below Fermi level. The three‐subband QHE with a superposed feature is also demonstrated for the first time in AlN/GaN heterostructure, with large filling factors at high electron densities. By analyzing the first subband as the dominant part of the superposed QHE, the transport physics of a special magneto‐intersubband scattering is revealed. These results contribute to a better understanding of the quantum physics for 2DEG, leading to a versatile functionality for AlN/GaN devices.
In Situ Interfacial Polymerization: A Technique for Rapid Formation of Highly Loaded Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Composites
Authors: Chazot Cécile A. C. , Jons Carolyn K. , Hart A. John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComposites of polymers and organized carbon nanotube (CNT) networks have been proposed as next‐generation lightweight structural materials, yet polymer infiltration of CNT networks often results in stress‐concentrating heterogeneities, due to local CNT aggregation or incomplete infiltration. Herein, it is demonstrated that dense CNT‐polymer composites with tailored polymer distribution can be obtained by interfacial polymerization (IP), performed in situ within CNT networks. Three regimes of the in situ interfacial polymerization (ISIP) process are identified: a reaction‐limited regime where the polymer forms beads on the CNTs; a uniformly‐filled regime with polymer throughout the CNT network; and a transport‐limited regime with polymer only near the outer surface of the network. Uniform polyamide‐CNT composite sheets obtained by this method have a Young's modulus of 31 GPa and a tensile strength of 776 MPa, which is a two‐fold increase compared to the pristine CNT sheets. Premature failure of the composites is attributed to large voids in the pristine CNT sheets, suggesting that further improved mechanical properties can be achieved with a more homogeneous CNT network. Nevertheless, the rapid rate and overall controllability of ISIP suggest its viability for formation of polymers within CNT networks via roll‐to‐roll methods.
Viral Protein‐Pseudotyped and siRNA‐Electroporated Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Houli , Huang Lili , Mao Mingchuan , Ding Jingjing , Wu Guanghao , Fan Wenlin , Yang Tongren , Zhang Mengjie , Huang Yuanyu , Xie Hai‐Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and treatment owing to their versatile native features and functions. RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics that block the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway have attracted increasing interest for the treatment of various cancers. Here, immunoregulatory EVs are developed by decorating M1‐macrophage‐derived EVs (M1 EV) with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV‐G), a pH‐responsive viral fusion protein, and electroporating anti‐PD‐L1 siRNA (siPD‐L1) into the EVs. After administration to CT26 tumor‐bearing mice, this virus‐mimic nucleic acid engineered EVs (siRNA@V‐M1 EV) can target tumor tissues, which is attributed to the natural tumor‐homing property of M1 EV. Then, the fusion of VSV‐G with cells facilitates the direct release of siPD‐L1 into the cytoplasm and triggers robust gene silencing, leading to the efficient block of PD‐L1/PD‐1 interaction and then the elevation of CD8+ T cell population. Meanwhile, the M1 EVs and IFN‐γ secreted by the CD8+ T cells promote the repolarization of M2 tumor‐associated macrophages to M1 macrophages. The combination of PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathway blocking, T cell recognition reconstructing, and M1 macrophage repolarization via multifunctional EVs can achieve satisfactory antitumor efficacy in this tumor model, showing potential as a new modality to fight cancers.
Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Matter Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Zhou , Zhou Wen , Qi Cheng , Kong Tiantian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to enzymatic nanoreactors. Living cells rely on compartmentalization to orchestrate reaction networks for specialized and coordinated functions. Principally, the compartmentalization has been an essential engineering theme in constructing cell‐mimicking systems. Here, efforts to engineer liquid–liquid interfaces of multiphase systems into membrane‐bounded and membraneless compartments, which include lipid vesicles, polymer vesicles, colloidosomes, hybrids, and coacervate droplets, are summarized. Examples are provided of how these compartments are designed to imitate biological behaviors or machinery, including molecule trafficking, growth, fusion, energy conversion, intercellular communication, and adaptivity. Subsequently, the state‐of‐art applications of these cell‐inspired synthetic compartments are discussed. Apart from being simplified and cell models for bridging the gap between nonliving matter and cellular life, synthetic compartments also are utilized as intracellular delivery vehicles for nuclei acids and nanoreactors for biochemical synthesis. Finally, key challenges and future directions for achieving the full potential of synthetic cells are highlighted.
Transparent Zinc‐Mesh Electrodes for Solar‐Charging Electrochromic Windows
Authors: Li Haizeng , Zhang Wu , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNewly born zinc‐anode‐based electrochromic devices (ZECDs), incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions in a single transparent platform, represent the most promising technology for next‐generation transparent electronics. As the existing ZECDs are limited by opaque zinc anodes, the key focus should be on the development of transparent zinc anodes. Here, the first demonstration of a flexible transparent zinc‐mesh electrode is reported for a ZECD window that yields a remarkable electrochromic performance in an 80 cm2 device, including rapid switching times (3.6 and 2.5 s for the coloration and bleaching processes, respectively), a high optical contrast (67.2%), and an excellent coloration efficiency (131.5 cm2 C−1). It is also demonstrated that such ZECDs are perfectly suited for solar‐charging smart windows as they inherently address the solar intermittency issue. These windows can be colored via solar charging during the day, and they can be bleached during the night by supplying electrical energy to electronic devices. The ZECD smart window platform can be scaled to a large area while retaining its excellent electrochromic characteristics. These findings represent a new technology for solar‐charging windows and open new opportunities for the development of next‐generation transparent batteries.
Mimicking Intravasation–Extravasation with a 3D Glass Nanofluidic Model for the Chemotaxis‐Free Migration of Cancer Cells in Confined Spaces
Authors: Sima Felix , Kawano Hiroyuki , Hirano Masahiko , Miyawaki Atsushi , Obata Kotaro , Serien Daniela , Sugioka Koji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new 3D nanofluidic biochip for the study of cancer cell migration and invasion is proposed. In this design, femtosecond laser‐assisted etching is applied to create embedded microfluidic channels, with a base thickness of less than 100 µm for high‐resolution imaging using inverted microscopes. The glass deformation is thermally controlled during fabrication to create pillar‐like formations separated by narrow constricted channels with widths of less than 1 µm spanning lengths of more than tens of microns, mimicking the 3D intravasation–extravasation configuration. Time‐lapse microscopy is used to observe the behavior of prostate cancer (PC3) cells in chemoattractant‐free media over long time intervals as the cells invade the narrow spaces. The PC3 cells are observed to be capable of breaching the fabricated submicrometric intravasation‐like barriers while retaining their viability and proliferation activity. The cells are further able to penetrate the extravasation‐like confining spaces, confirming their dynamic adaptability as they pass through constricted channels with volumes much less than that of the cell nucleus.
Inversion Boundary Annihilation in GaAs Monolithically Grown on On‐Axis Silicon (001)
Authors: Li Keshuang , Yang Junjie , Lu Ying , Tang Mingchu , Jurczak Pamela , Liu Zizhuo , Yu Xuezhe , Park Jae‐Seong , Deng Huiwen , Jia Hui , Dang Manyu , Sanchez Ana M. , Beanland Richard , Li Wei , Han Xiaodong , Zhang Jin‐Chuan , Wang Huan , Liu Fengqi , Chen Siming , Seeds Alwyn , Smowton Peter , Liu Huiyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMonolithic integration of III–V materials and devices on CMOS compatible on‐axis Si (001) substrates enables a route of low‐cost and high‐density Si‐based photonic integrated circuits. Inversion boundaries (IBs) are defects that arise from the interface between III–V materials and Si, which makes it almost impossible to produce high‐quality III–V devices on Si. In this paper, a novel technique to achieve IB‐free GaAs monolithically grown on on‐axis Si (001) substrates by realizing the alternating straight and meandering single atomic steps on Si surface has been demonstrated without the use of double Si atomic steps, which was previously believed to be the key for IB‐free III–V growth on Si. The periodic straight and meandering single atomic steps on Si surface are results of high‐temperature annealing of Si buffer layer. Furthermore, an electronically pumped quantum‐dot laser has been demonstrated on this IB‐free GaAs/Si platform with a maximum operating temperature of 120 °C. These results can be a major step towards monolithic integration of III–V materials and devices with the mature CMOS technology.
Enhanced Cyan Emission and Optical Tuning of Ca3Ga4O9:Bi3+ for High‐Quality Full‐Spectrum White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Dongjie , Yun Xiaohan , Li Guogang , Dang Peipei , Molokeev Maxim S. , Lian Hongzhou , Shang Mengmeng , Lin Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly efficient cyan‐emitting phosphor materials are indispensable for closing the cyan gap in spectra of the traditional phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) to achieve high‐quality full‐spectrum white lighting. In this work, bright cyan‐emitting Ca3Ga4O9 (CGO):0.02Bi3+,0.07Zn2+ phosphor is developed to bridge the cyan gap. Such a Bi3+,Zn2+ codoping enhances the cyan emission of CGO:0.02Bi3+ by 4.1 times due to the influence of morphology and size of phosphor particles, charge compensation and lattice distortion. Interestingly, codoping La3+ ions into the current system can achieve a photoluminescence tuning of CGO:0.02Bi3+ from cyan to yellowish‐green by crystallographic site engineering. Besides, Bi3+–Eu3+ energy transfer is successfully realized in CGO:0.02Bi3+,0.07Zn2+,nEu3+ phosphors and the emission color tuning from cyan to orange is observed. The investigation of thermal quenching behaviors reveals that the incorporation of Zn2+ and La3+ improves the thermal stability of CGO:0.02Bi3+. Finally, CGO:0.02Bi3+,0.07Zn2+,0.10Eu3+ phosphor is employed to obtain a single‐phased warm WLED device. A full‐spectrum WLED device with remarkable color rendering index (Ra) of 97.4 and high luminous efficiency of 69.72 lm W−1 is generated by utilizing CGO:0.02Bi3+,0.07Zn2+ phosphor. This result suggests the important effect of CGO:0.02Bi3+,0.07Zn2+ phosphor on closing the cyan gap, providing new insights of cyan‐emitting phosphors applied in full‐spectrum white lighting.
Transmission‐Reflection Controls and Polarization Controls of Electromagnetic Holograms by a Reconfigurable Anisotropic Digital Coding Metasurface
Authors: Wu Liang Wei , Ma Hui Feng , Wu Rui Yuan , Xiao Qiang , Gou Yue , Wang Meng , Wang Zheng Xing , Bao Lei , Wang Hai Lin , Qing Ye Ming , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigital coding metasurface, which provides a new approach to link the physical world and information science, has been quickly developed in recent years. However, all previously reported metasurfaces cannot achieve independent controls of different polarizations in both transmission and reflection spaces at the same time. In this work, a reconfigurable anisotropic digital coding metasurface loaded with electronically controlled PIN diodes is proposed that can independently manipulate not only the near/far‐field pattern but also the transmission and reflection modes of the electromagnetic waves under different polarizations. As a validation example, a multifunctional holographic imaging metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulated and measured results show that orthogonally polarized waves (vertical and horizontal polarizations) can be manipulated to achieve different images, and the transmission and reflection modes of the differently‐polarized images can be independently controlled in real time by changing the state of the loaded PIN diodes.
Sandwich Structures Constructed by ZnSe⊂N‐C@MoSe2 Located in Graphene for Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Shi Nianxiang , Chu Yanting , Xi Baojuan , Huang Man , Chen Weihua , Duan Bin , Zhang Chenghui , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybrid hierarchical micro/nanostructures possess great potential in engineering of advanced electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a sandwich hierarchical architecture composed of ZnSe nanoparticles fastened in N‐doped carbon polyhedra anchoring onto graphene with the modification of MoSe2 nanosheets (ZnSe⊂N‐C@MoSe2/rGO) is synthesized by a self‐template and subsequent selenization strategy. Due to the distinctive architectural and multicompositional features, these hybrids deliver a high reversible capacity of 319.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 for 1800 cycles, 206.5 mA h g−1 at 6 A g−1 for 2800 cycles, and 177.7 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 for 5000 cycles, as well as a better rate capability up to 10 A g−1 with a reversible capacity of 224.4 mAh g−1 as an anode material for SIBs. By comparing the capacity contribution, electrochemical impedance spectra and DNa+ of different materials, the advantages of ZnSe⊂N‐C@MoSe2/rGO are confirmed. The sodium storage mechanism of hybrids is further revealed by in situ X‐ray diffraction patterns and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results. The improved sodium storage properties of hybrids manifest the significance of elaborate construction of novel multicomponent hierarchical architectures with higher complexity.