bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of Caffeine to a Carbohydrate Feeding Strategy Prior to
Intermittent Exercise
Authors: Hulton Andrew T. , Vitzel Kaio , Doran Dominic A. , MacLaren Don P. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ergogenic effect of caffeine is well established, although no investigations
providing a high carbohydrate feeding strategy (pre-exercise
meal=2 g/kg BM) co-ingested with caffeine exist for
soccer. This investigation examines the effect of caffeine in addition to a
pre-exercise carbohydrate meal and drink mid-way through a soccer simulation.
Eight recreational soccer players completed an 85-minute soccer simulation
followed by an exercise capacity test (Yo-yo Intermittent Endurance test level
2) on two occasions. Prior to exercise participants consumed a high carbohydrate
meal, with placebo or 5 mg/kg BM-1 caffeine. No
significant performance effect was identified (p=0.099) despite a
12.8% (109 m) improvement in exercise capacity following
caffeine. Rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation did not differ between
conditions and nor were differences apparent for plasma glucose, fatty acids,
glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate (p>0.05). However, an increase in
lactate was observed for caffeine (p=0.039). A significant condition
effect on rating of perceived exertion was identified (p<0.001), with
the overall mean for the protocol lowered to 11.7±0.9 au for
caffeine compared to 12.8±1.3 au. Caffeine supplementation with
a carbohydrate feeding strategy failed to affect metabolic and metabolite
responses, although reductions in perception of exercise were observed. While a
12.8% increase in exercise capacity was noted the findings were not
significant, possibly due to the small sample size.
Endoscopic negative pressure therapy with open-pore film drainage and open-pore polyurethane sponge drainage for iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus
Authors: Wichmann Dörte , Stüker Dietmar , Schempf Ulrike , Werner Christoph R. , Steger Volker , Königsrainer Alfred , Schweizer Ulrich , Archid Rami 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation (IEP) is challenging. Endoscopic negative pressure therapy (ENPT) is an emerging and effective tool for the treatment of gastrointestinal and anastomotic leaks. We have used ENPT as first-line therapy for IEP since 2017. The aim of this study was to present our results with this strategy in patients with IEP.
Methods Nine patients were treated with ENPT for IEP between August 2017 and August 2019. Their treatment characteristics, including duration of therapy, strategy used, and outcomes, were analyzed. Treatment included ENPT with open-pore film drainage (OFD) and open-pore polyurethane foam drainage (OPD).
Results Early diagnosis (< 24 hours) of IEP occurred in four patients. After a mean (standard deviation) of 19.0 (13.5) days of ENPT, 6.4 (3.4) endoscopies, and 38.1 (40.3) days of hospitalization, endoscopic treatment was effective and successful in all of the patients. Additional video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was done in four patients.
Conclusions ENPT is an effective new method for the management of IEP. ENPT with OFD and OPD can be combined with minimally invasive operative methods for sepsis control in IEP.
Prognostic Factors for Inguinal Lymph Node Involvement and Tumor Recurrence in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
Authors: Ramos J. Gustavo , Ramírez Angie , Varela Rodolfo , Robledo Daniela , De la Hoz-Valle José , Vargas Rafael , Forero Jorge , Godoy Fabián , Cabrera Marino , Ochoa Claudia , López Byron , Donoso Wilfredo , Giraldo Sergio , Pinzón Carolina , Peralta Sara , Calderón Andrés 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Penile carcinoma is an aggressive disease with catastrophic consequences that frequently lead to death. Therefore, further knowledge on the prognostic factors that can help identify patients in need of more aggressive treatments becomes essential.
Objective To identify the prognostic factors for lymph node (LN) involvement and tumor recurrence in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients diagnosed and treated for SCCP at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología between 2008 and 2015 were included in the sample. Cases in which no information on recurrence was available for the follow-up were excluded, as well as patients with no initial pathology and those getting penile reconstructions after cancer.Relevant data was retrieved from the medical records of each patient, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Subsequently, this data was used to apply a logistic regression model to determine the potential clinical and histopathological prognostic factors.
Results A total of 104 patients were included in the present study. The average age of the sample was 59 years, while the follow-up averaged 24 months per patient. Inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed on 61 patients (59%) during the follow-up. The logistic regression model showed that lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio [OR]: 6.7; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2–35) and poor tumor differentiation (OR: 17; 95%CI: 3.2–92) were associated with tumor recurrence. Likewise, the lymphadenectomy procedures showed that lymphovascular invasion was associated with LN involvement (OR: 3.3; 95%CI: 1.1–10).
Conclusion Lymphovascular invasion was the strongest prognostic factor observed in our sample, aiding in the prediction of inguinal LN involvement and tumor recurrence in SCCP patients.
Osteotomias de encurtamento da ulna: A nossa experiência
Authors: Cardoso Afonso Nobre Pinto , Viegas Rui , Gamelas Patrícia , Falcão Pedro , Baptista Carolina , Silva Filipa Santos 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da nossa casuística relativamente a osteotomias de encurtamento da ulna, bem como rever sumariamente a patologia, as indicações e as opções cirúrgicas do conflito ulnocárpico.
Métodos Realizamos uma análise retrospectiva de pacientes consecutivos que foram tratados com osteotomia de encurtamento da ulna entre janeiro de 2012 e junho de 2017 no nosso hospital. Avaliamos clinicamente a dor, amplitude articular, força da garra e resultados funcionais recorrendo ao questionário quick-DASH. Medimos radiograficamente a variância ulnar pré- e pós-operatória e o encurtamento realizado.
Resultados Identificamos oito pacientes operados, tendo sido possível avaliar sete destes. Nesta população, obtivemos uma diminuição da dor (escala analógica visual [VAS, na sigla em inglês] de 7 para 2.6, p < 0,05), uma diminuição do quick-DASH (64 para 28, p < 0,05) e constatamos uma diminuição da amplitude articular ∼ 7° para a flexão (p = 0.2), de 5.5° para a supinação (p = 0,3), bem como diminuição da força da garra para cerca de 86% do lado contralateral (p = 0,07). A variância ulnar foi alterada de uma média de + 5.5 mm para −1.1 mm (p < 0,05). Dois em 8 pacientes (25%) apresentaram sintomatologia relacionada com a placa, sendo que um deles foi submetido a nova intervenção para extração do material.
Conclusões A osteotomia de encurtamento da ulna é um procedimento cirúrgico eficaz, tanto no tratamento do conflito ulnocárpico, como na descarga da ulna. Os resultados apresentados vão ao encontro aos demais publicados na literatura, tendo-se obtido bons resultados clínicos e radiográficos.
Análise retrospectiva de 20 pacientes acometidos por schwannoma nos membros superior e inferior
Authors: Galbiatti José Antonio , Milhomens Gabriel Rodrigues dos Santos , Bertozzo Lara Giovanetti , Escames Letícia , Milhomens Neto Pedro de Alcântara , Galbiatti Marilia Gabriela Palacio 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e a evolução de 20 pacientes diagnosticados com schwannoma nos membros superiores e inferiores.
Métodos Definiu-se um grupo de pacientes para avaliação retrospectiva, compreendendo o período entre fevereiro de 2002 e junho de 2018, no qual foram estudados e avaliados 20 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico devido a schwannoma; a confirmação diagnóstica foi feita pelo exame anatomopatológico.
Resultados Tanto os pacientes do sexo masculino quanto do feminino foram igualmente acometidos, e a média de idade foi de 50,85 anos, variando de 12 a 77 anos. Houve predomínio do membro superior e da face flexora. O nervo mais acometido foi o ulnar, e 6 (30%) pacientes apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias transitórias. Não foi identificado nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral.
Conclusão O schwannoma é uma lesão rara e de difícil diagnóstico. Deve sempre ser considerada como hipótese quando se estiver diante de um tumor de partes moles acometendo os membros. O sinal de Tinel deve ser levado em consideração por conta de sua maior correlação com as complicações. Os pacientes devem ser informados quanto às possíveis complicações pós-operatórias, que são frequentes, mas, geralmente, transitórias.
Ventricular-Peritoneal Shunt in Newborns in a High-Risk Maternity Unit: Case Series
Authors: Barbosa Amanda Ferreira , de Carvalho Neto José Nolasco , Lyra Carlos Alberto Miranda , Cavalcante Tiago de Paiva , Morais Rilton Marcus , Oliveira Arthur Maynart Pereira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To identify factors related to ventricular-peritoneal shunt (VPS) complications in pediatric patients at a high-risk maternity hospital.
Methods Prospective study, conducted between September/2018 and June/2019, with selected newborns without previous ventricular bypass who underwent neurosurgery for VPS placement in a high-risk maternity hospital in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Diagnosis of hydrocephalus occurred by transfontanelle ultrasound. The variables were analyzed by Student t-test, adopting p < 0.05 as statistical significance.
Results Seven newborns participated in the study, 3 male and 4 female. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was considered a positive influencing factor in the 1st minute Apgar. Hydrocephalus secondary to premature hemorrhage was present in most newborns. Prematurity, 1st minute Apgar score < 7, and birth weight < 2,500 g did not represent a significant negative risk factor for prolonged hospitalization after neurosurgery. One newborn had cerebrospinal fluid infection and was the only one with heart disease.
Conclusion This is the first scientific research that associates the benefits of maternal use of folic acid during pregnancy to better newborn Apgar scores. Only one newborn developed complications after neurosurgery, the only one with an associated comorbidity. Further studies are needed to provide more evidence on risk factors related to complications of VPS implantation in newborns. This neurosurgical procedure in a high-risk maternity contributed to the early management of hydrocephalus.
An extended view of conceptual metaphor theory
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA major insight of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) is that it added a strong, empirically testable cognitive dimension to the study of metaphor that is capable of changing the way we think about metaphor not only in language, but also thought and action, and, ultimately, the way we do philosophy (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980,1999). In the paper, I argue that CMT itself needs to be changed in several ways. In particular, I suggest (1) that it has to be given a much more elaborate contextual component than is currently available, (2) that even its cognitive dimension needs to be refined, (3) that it requires a component that can explain the actual usages of metaphors in natural discourse, and (4), and most significantly, that it needs to be changed in such a way that the modifications under (1), (2), and (3) can be integrated into a unified and coherent theory of metaphor. The paper is based on my forthcoming bookExtended Conceptual Metaphor Theory(Kövecses, 2020).
Virtual reality as a tool for promoting reading via enhanced narrative absorption and empathy
Authors: Pianzola Federico , Bálint Katalin , Weller Jessica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReading fiction is beneficial for various social skills, although reading has become less and less popular with younger generations. This study investigated whether reading a chapter of a fictional story in virtual reality (VR) can make the reading experience more appealing and increase intention to read the story further. A between-subject experiment (N = 83) was conducted to compare the effect of a printed book and a VR reading environment on narrative absorption, empathy with fictional characters, and intention to read. The results show that VR enhances intention to read, via a serial mediation of transportation into the story world and affective empathy. These findings indicate that VR can be effectively exploited for promoting reading.
Abnormal grain growth during annealing in the Al/Al2O3 composite produced by accumulative roll bonding
Authors: Shamanian Morteza , Nasresfahani Mohamad reza , Szpunar Jerzy A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mechanical and physical properties of composites are related to the matrix microstructure and reinforcements dispersion. Microstructural evolution during annealing can change the properties of the composites. Consequently, in this paper, the microstructural evolution of Al/Al2O3 composite during annealing and the interpretation of metallurgical phenomena were investigated. Accumulative roll bonding technique was used for manufacturing the Al/Al2O3 composite. The Al/Al2O3 composite specimens were further annealed at 375 °C for 15, 30 and 60 min without any protected atmosphere. The grain orientation (texture) and the grain size of the composites were investigated. Results showed that by increasing the annealing time to 60 min, abnormal grain growth started. Moreover, the frequency of low angle boundaries (1.5–5) increased, while the frequency of ∑3 Coincident Site Lattice boundaries decreased. In fact, grain boundaries with low Coincident Site Lattice were less prone to reinforcement pinning. Then low Coincident Site Lattice boundaries were more susceptible to formation and growth of abnormal grains.
Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides induce plant defence in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Toum Laila , Conti Gabriela , Guerriero Francesca Coppola , Conforte Valeria P , Garolla Franco A , Asurmendi Sebastián , Vojnov Adrián A , Gudesblat Gustavo E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Single-stranded DNA oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) have been shown to elicit immune responses in mammals. In plants, RNA and genomic DNA can activate immunity, although the exact mechanism through which they are sensed is not clear. The aim of this work was to study the possible effect of ssODNs on plant immunity.

Key Results
The ssODNs IMT504 and 2006 increased protection against the pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Botrytis cinerea but not against tobacco mosaic virus-Cg when infiltrated in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, ssODNs inhibited root growth and promoted stomatal closure in a concentration-dependent manner, with half-maximal effective concentrations between 0.79 and 2.06 µm. Promotion of stomatal closure by ssODNs was reduced by DNase I treatment. It was also diminished by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and by coronatine, a bacterial toxin that inhibits NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in guard cells. In addition it was found that ssODN-mediated stomatal closure was impaired in bak1-5, bak1-5/bkk1, mpk3 and npr1-3 mutants. ssODNs also induced early expression of MPK3, WRKY33, PROPEP1 and FRK1 genes involved in plant defence, an effect that was reduced in bak1-5 and bak1-5/bkk1 mutants.

Conclusions
ssODNs are capable of inducing protection against pathogens through the activation of defence genes and promotion of stomatal closure through a mechanism similar to that of other elicitors of plant immunity, which involves the BAK1 co-receptor, and ROS synthesis.
On the Margins of the Margins: #CommunicationSoWhite—Canadian Style
Authors: Hirji Faiza , Jiwani Yasmin , McAllister Kirsten Emiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCanada is defined by its commitment to multicultural diversity, tolerance and liberalism that belie the dominant whiteness of our institutions, including academia. Canadian Communication Studies, despite its history of attending to the power dynamics of the center and the margins, is no exception to this rule. Studies of racism and colonialism are confined to the corners of the discipline, reflecting the lack of representation in communication departments, the canon, and in the field’s flagship journal. This sharply contrasts the prevalence of contemporary issues concerning race, religion, nationalism, nationwide Indigenous movements and anti-racist campaigns, as well as mobilizations against police violence, Islamophobia, and pipelines. Colonialism, race and racialization are central to the framing of these issues and demand urgent attention.
Overinterpretation of Research Findings: Evaluation of “Spin” in Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in High–Impact Factor Journals
Authors: McGrath Trevor A , Bowdridge Joshua C , Prager Ross , Frank Robert A , Treanor Lee , Dehmoobad Sharifabadi Ana , Salameh Jean-Paul , Leeflang Mariska , Korevaar Daniël A , Bossuyt Patrick M , McInnes Matthew D F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
To compare the frequency of “spin” in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies in high-impact journals with the frequency a previously assessed series of reviews.

Methods
Medline was searched from January 2010 to January 2019. Systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies were included if they reported a meta-analysis and were published in a journal with an impact factor &gt;5. Two investigators independently scored each included systematic review for positivity of conclusions and for actual and potential overinterpretation practices.

Results
Of 137 included systematic reviews, actual overinterpretation was present in ≥1 form in the abstract in 63 (46%) and in the full-text report in 52 (38%); 108 (79%) contained a form of potential overinterpretation. Compared with the previously assessed series (reviews published 2015–2016), reviews in this series were less likely to contain ≥1 form of actual overinterpretation in the abstract and full-text report or ≥1 form of potential overinterpretation (P &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). The significance of these comparisons did not persist for actual overinterpretation in sensitivity analysis in which Cochrane systematic reviews were removed. Reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were less likely to contain actual overinterpretation in the abstract or the full-text report than reviews in other high-impact journals (P &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons).

Conclusions
Reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies in high-impact journals are less likely to contain overinterpretation or spin. This difference is largely due to the reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which contain spin less often than reviews published in other high-impact journals.
Avoiding the Coup-Proofing Dilemma: Consolidating Political Control While Maximizing Military Power
Authors: Reiter Dan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCivil-military relations scholarship forecasts that governments fearing coups d’état and facing belligerent external and internal adversaries face a dilemma. Governments can coup-proof to reduce coup risk, but such measures reduce military effectiveness. Conversely, if they eschew coup-proofing to maintain military effectiveness, they risk coups. This paper explains how governments facing coup threats and belligerent adversaries can alleviate this dilemma. It first describes five coup-proofing measures that generally reduce military effectiveness, such as politicized promotion and reduced training, and two other coup-proofing measures that do not reduce effectiveness, bribery and indoctrination. Because leaders can pick and choose which coup-proofing measures to employ, leaders facing coup and belligerent adversary threats can reduce the coup-proofing dilemma by adopting those coup-proofing measures that do not reduce effectiveness and avoiding those measures that reduce effectiveness, within availability and dependence constraints. The paper presents a case study of coup-proofing in Nazi Germany, a deviant case for coup-proofing theory and democratic victory theory because Adolf Hitler avoided being overthrown in a coup and fielded an effective military. The case study demonstrates support for the theory that a leader can simultaneously reduce coup risk and optimize military effectiveness by employing some coup-proofing tactics but not others.
Getting the Balance Right: Medical Futility, Scientific Advancement, and the Role of Law
Authors: Glover-Thomas Nicola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The concept of medical futility as an applied ethical framework has seen a rise and fall in its popularity over the last 30 years. It is a term used in relation to the assessment of a patient’s health condition that is deemed untreatable, irreversible, and unresolvable. In four recent cases, Gard, Evans, Haastrup, and Raqeeb, the concept has been brought to the fore once again. These cases highlight a mounting tension between clinicians and families. Parental desires to see their child’s treatment continued, while understandable, should not dominate treatment planning. This article analyses judicial interpretation of the factors which determine an assessment of futility and in doing so, argues that the role of medical futility in judicial decisions of this kind is gaining prominence and will continue to do so as scientific advancement blurs the limits of medicine even further.
The Utility of the Sit-to-Stand Test for Inpatients in the Acute Hospital Setting After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Tarrant Benjamin J , Robinson Rebecca , Le Maitre Caitlin , Poulsen Megan , Corbett Monique , Snell Greg , Thompson Bruce R , Button Brenda M , Holland Anne E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Measurement of physical function is important to guide physical therapy for patients post-lung transplantation (LTx). The Sit-to-Stand (STS) test has proven utility in chronic disease, but psychometric properties post-LTx are unknown. The study aimed to assess reliability, validity, responsiveness, and feasibility of the 60-second STS post-LTx.

Methods
This was a measurement study in 62 inpatients post-LTx (31 acute postoperative; 31 medical readmissions). Interrater reliability was assessed with 2 STS tests undertaken by different assessors at baseline. Known group validity was assessed by comparing STS repetitions in postoperative and medical groups. Content validity was assessed using comparisons to knee extensor and grip strength, measured with hand-held dynamometry. Criterion validity was assessed by comparison of STS repetitions and 6-minute walk distance postoperatively. Responsiveness was assessed using effect sizes over inpatient admission.

Results
Median (interquartile range) age was 62 (56–67) years; time post-LTx was 5 (5–7) days postoperative and 696 (244–1849) days for medical readmissions. Interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient type 2,1 = 0.96), with a mean learning effect of 2 repetitions. Repetitions were greater for medical at baseline (mean 18 vs 8). More STS repetitions were associated with greater knee extensor strength (postoperative r = 0.57; medical r = 0.47) and 6-minute walk distance (postoperative r = 0.68). Effect sizes were 0.94 and 0.09, with a floor effect of 23% and 3% at baseline (postoperative/medical) improving to 10% at discharge. Patients incapable of attempting a STS test were excluded, reducing generalizability to critical care. Physical rehabilitation was not standardized, possibly reducing responsiveness.

Conclusions
The 60-second STS demonstrated excellent interrater reliability and moderate validity and was responsive to change postoperatively.

Impact
The 60-second STS represents a safe, feasible functional performance tool for inpatients post-LTx. Two tests should be completed at each time point.