bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Approach for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Lesion Detection: Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance Using Arthroscopy as the Reference Standard
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Li Mifang , Zhou Yujia , Lu Guangming , Zhou Quan 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMRI is the most commonly used imaging method for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, the interpretation of knee MRI is time‐intensive and depends on the clinical experience of the reader. An automated detection system based on a deep‐learning algorithm may improve interpretation time and reliability.PurposeTo determine the feasibility of using a deep learning approach to detect ACL injuries within the knee joint on MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 163 subjects with an ACL tear and 245 subjects with an intact ACL. There were 285, 81, and 42 volumes for training, validation, and test sets, respectively.Field Strength/Sequence2D sagittal proton density‐weighted spectral attenuated inversion recovery sequences at 1.5T and 3.0T.AssessmentBased on the architecture of 3D DenseNet, we constructed a classification convolutional neural network. We tested this deep learning approach with different inputs and two other algorithms, including VGG16 and ResNet. Then we had both inexperienced radiologists and senior radiologists read the MR images.Statistical TestsUsing arthroscopic results as the reference standard, the performance of three different inputs and three different algorithms, the residents and senior radiologists assessed the classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of our customized 3D deep learning architecture was 0.957, 0.976, 0.944, 0.940, and 0.976, respectively. The average AUCs were 0.946, 0.859, 0.960 for ResNet, VGG16, and our proposed network, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of our model, residents, and senior radiologists was 0.957, 0.814, and 0.899, respectively.Data ConclusionOur study demonstrated the feasibility of using an automated deep‐learning‐based detection system to evaluate ACL injury.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1745–1752.
The mechanistic rationale of drugs, primary endpoints, geographical distribution of clinical trials against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2: A systematic review
Authors: Venkatesulu Bhanu Prasad , Thoguluva Chandrasekar Viveksandeep , Giridhar Prashanth , V Pragathee , Patel Harsh K. , Manteuffel Jacob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are numerous ongoing studies assessing treatment options for preventing, treating, and managing complications of coronavirus disease‐2019 disease. The objective of this study was to do a systematic review and critical appraisal of the ongoing clinical trials with an aim to provide insight into the various interventions tested, clinical rationale, geographical distribution of the trials as well as the endpoints assessed in the studies. ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and PubMed were assessed till 11 May 2020. The search resulted in 3242 ongoing studies of which 829 studies were included. There are 134 different drug‐based interventions being assessed in 463 clinical trials as treatment options China accounts for 35% of all ongoing clinical studies followed by USA 23% and other countries together account for 42%. Amongst the 463 studies assessing drug‐based treatment options, studies that are funded by federal and academic institutions are 79.6%, pharmaceutical company‐funded studies are 15.11%, and no funding information is available in 5.10%. The definitive outcomes like mortality are being assessed as primary outcome in 22.8% of the studies only and need for ventilator in 6.2% of the studies. Amongst the pharmaceutical company‐funded drug‐based studies, only 20% of the studies had mortality as the primary outcome. Only 5.5% of the ongoing clinical trials are specifically designed to assess the most vulnerable population like elderly, patients with comorbidities and cancer. Multiple intervention‐based clinical studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2 are being performed throughout the world with a high concentration of clinical trials in the developed world with concern that of elderly and patients with comorbidities are being underrepresented and definite endpoints like mortality are being assessed in only one‐fifth of the studies.
Qualitative assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody avidity by lateral flow immunochromatographic IgG/IgM antibody assay
Authors: Valdivia Arantxa , Torres Ignacio , Huntley Dixie , Alcaraz María J. , Albert Eliseo , Colomina Javier , Ferrer Josep , Carratalá Arturo , Navarro David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the precise timing of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may be of clinical and epidemiological relevance. The presence of low‐avidity IgGs has conventionally been considered an indicator of recent infection. Here, we carried out qualitative assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody avidity using an urea (6M) dissociation test performed on a lateral flow immunochromatographic IgG/IgM device. We included a total of 76 serum specimens collected from 57 COVID‐19 patients, of which 39 tested positive for both IgG and IgM and 37 only for IgG. Sera losing IgG reactivity after urea treatment (n = 28) were drawn significantly earlier (P = .04) after onset of symptoms than those which preserved it (n = 48). This assay may be helpful to estimate the time of acquisition of infection in patients with mild to severe COVID‐19.
COVID‐19 and pregnancy: An opportunity to correct an historic gender bias
Authors: Comas Carmina , Carreras Elena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent literature and clinical guidelines do not include pregnant women as an a priori risk group for COVID‐19. However, a gender vision of health begs the question: Why are pregnant women not considered a risk group for COVID‐19? The answer is clear: historically, most community scientific studies have not considered female gender, or pregnancy as a state, to be a focus of special interest or effort. Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID‐19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population.
Vitamin D insufficiency as a potential culprit in critical COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Munshi Ruhul , Hussein Mohammad H. , Toraih Eman A. , Elshazli Rami M. , Jardak Christina , Sultana Nasrin , Youssef Mohanad R. , Omar Mahmoud , Attia Abdallah S. , Fawzy Manal S. , Killackey Mary , Kandil Emad , Duchesne Juan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs an immune modulator, vitamin D has been implicated in the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outcome. We aim to systematically explore the association of vitamin D serum levels with COVID‐19 severity and prognosis.MethodsThe standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to estimate pooled results from six studies. The prognostic performance of vitamin D serum levels for predicting adverse outcomes with detection of the best cutoff threshold was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Decision tree analysis by combining vitamin D levels and clinical features was applied to predict severity in COVID‐19 patients.ResultsMean vitamin D serum level of 376 patients, was 21.9 nmol/L (95% CI = 15.36–28.45). Significant heterogeneity was found (I2 = 99.1%, p < .001). Patients with poor prognosis (N = 150) had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D compared with those with good prognosis (N = 161), representing an adjusted standardized mean difference of −0.58 (95% Cl = −0.83 to −0.34, p < .001).ConclusionSerum vitamin D levels could be implicated in the COVID‐19 prognosis. Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency could be a helpful adjunct in assessing patients' potential of developing severe COVID‐19. Appropriate preventative and/or therapeutic intervention may improve COVID‐19 outcomes.
Twelve‐lead and signal‐averaged electrocardiographic parameters among beta‐thalassemia major patients
Authors: Patsourakos Dimitrios , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Aggeli Constantina , Delicou Sophia , Dimitroglou Yannis , Xydaki Katerina , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Androulakis Aristeidis , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of beta thalassemia major (β‐TM) patients suffer from cardiac disease, while a significant proportion of them die suddenly. Twelve‐lead and signal‐averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) are simple, inexpensive, readily available tools for identifying an unfavorable arrhythmiological substrate by detecting the presence of arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and late potentials (LPs) in these patients.MethodsA total of 47 β‐TM patients and 30 healthy controls were submitted to 12‐lead and signal‐averaged electrocardiography. Basic electrocardiographic parameters and prevalence of LPs were recorded. Basic echocardiographic parameters were estimated by transthoracic echocardiography. T2* was calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging wherever available.Resultsβ‐TM patients demonstrated a more prolonged PR interval (167.74 msec vs 147.07 msec) (P = .043), a higher prevalence of PR prolongation (21.05% vs 0%) (P = .013), and a higher prevalence of LPs (18/47, 38.3% vs 2/30, 6.7%) (P = .002) compared with controls. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among b‐TM patients was estimated at 10.64%. Patients had also greater E/e′ ratio (8.35, SD = 2.2 vs 7, SD = 2.07) (P = .012) and LAVI (30.7 mL/m2, SD = 8.76 vs 24.6 mL/m2, SD = 6.57) (P = .002) than controls. Regression analysis showed that QTc and LAVI could correctly predict the presence of LPs in the 80.9% of the patients.Conclusionsβ‐TM patients have a higher prevalence of a prolonged PR interval, atrial fibrillation, and LPs. Twelve‐lead and SAECG performance was feasible in all subjects and constitutes a readily available tool for assessing myocardial electrophysiological alterations in this patient group.
Occupational boundary play: Crafting a sense of identity legitimacy in an emerging occupation
Authors: Murphy Chad , Kreiner Glen E. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn emerging occupations, individuals are given very little prepackaged identity “content”—for example, occupational values, legitimating ideologies, clear goals, tasks, and/or routines—to help them build their individual‐level occupational identities. By contrast, individuals in well‐established occupations (e.g., professions) are given ample identity content, and prior identity research has examined identity work processes almost exclusively in the context of such occupations. Consequently, prior theory assumes that identity work is mostly a matter of tailoring prepackaged identity content to fit one's individual‐level preferences and objectives. Prior theory is therefore of limited use in emerging occupations, where the key identity problem is not one of tailoring identity content effectively but creating an identity in the first place—more specifically, an identity whose existence feels justified and valid. Thus, in this paper, we ask: how do individuals in emerging occupations construct an internal sense that “who they are” is necessary, desirable, and appropriate (i.e., legitimate) within the broader occupational landscape? On the basis of a grounded theory study of health coaches, we suggest that individuals in such circumstances can craft this sense of “identity legitimacy” via a sensemaking process we call occupational boundary play. This process consists of both “occupational boundary setting” and “occupational boundary blurring,” the former providing for individuals a sense of identity novelty and the latter providing a sense of identity familiarity. Taken together, this subjective experience of both novelty and familiarity provides for individuals the sense that “who they are” is legitimate within the broader occupational landscape.
Impact of different surgical protocols on dimensional changes of free soft tissue autografts: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arzouman Akemi , Deas David E. , Mills Michael P. , Huynh‐Ba Guy , Prihoda Thomas J. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine if there is a difference in the amount of shrinkage during healing of free soft tissue autografts (FSTAs) using different surgical techniques—suturing the vestibular flap margin apically to the base of the recipient bed versus leaving the flap margin free and unsutured.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with mucogingival defects requiring FSTAs were recruited and enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into test and control groups (14 per group) and received ≥1 FSTAs on non‐molar mandibular teeth. In the test group the mucosal flap margin was sutured apically to the periosteum at the base of the graft; whereas, the mucosal flap margin in the control group was left free. Graft dimensional measurements were taken at time of surgery, then at 1, 3, and 6 months post‐surgery.ResultsThirty‐five grafts were performed (15 test, 20 control). All FSTAs experienced vertical shrinkage after 6 months, but there was no significant difference (P = 0.51) in the mean amount of shrinkage after 6 months between the test (23.20% ± 20.88%) and control (21.10% ± 21.88%) groups. There was significantly greater horizontal shrinkage in the test (loss of 7.59% ± 10.20%) compared with the control (small gain of 0.32% ± 4.20%) group (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there is similar vertical shrinkage when performing FSTA surgery when the mucosal flap margin is left free and unsutured when compared with leaving the flap margin free.
Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on Europe's tourism industry: Addressing tourism enterprises and workers in the undeclared economy
Authors: Williams Colin Charles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has led to revenue loss for tourism enterprises and workers due to restrictions on movement. In response, governments have made available temporary financial support, but not to those tourist enterprises and workers in the undeclared economy. Reporting a 2019 Eurobarometer survey, this paper reveals that one in 165 European citizens engage in undeclared work in tourism and the groups involved. To bring these enterprises and workers onto the radar of the state, a voluntary disclosure initiative is advocated offering access to the temporary financial support for undeclared enterprises and workers disclosing their previous undeclared work.
Measurement of the Internal Carotid Artery Cross‐Sectional Area
Authors: Kliewer Mark A. , Lee Lisa J. , Bagley Anjuli R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine how measurements of the internal carotid artery (ICA) cross‐sectional area will differ systematically when obtained by grayscale, color Doppler, and power Doppler imaging.MethodsA total of 451 patients had greater than 40% diameter stenosis in at least a single ICA. Anteroposterior and transverse luminal diameters were measured in 609 arteries on grayscale, color, and power Doppler transverse images of the carotid bulb and proximal and distal ICAs. Cross‐sectional areas were calculated and compared by a repeated‐measures analysis of variance model to assess for significant differences.ResultsMean ICA cross‐sectional areas ± SDs as measured by grayscale, power Doppler, and color Doppler imaging were 122 ± 81, 122 ± 79, and 125 ± 79 mm2, respectively. The mean ICA area estimated by color Doppler imaging was significantly greater than that estimated by power Doppler imaging (P < .0001) and grayscale imaging (P = .02). Area estimates on grayscale and power Doppler images were not significantly different (P = .99). After accounting for the correlation of repeated measurements within single vessels, color Doppler estimates of the luminal area were on average 3.44 and 9.5 mm2 greater than grayscale and power Doppler estimates. Relative cross‐sectional area estimates were on average 9.4% greater with color Doppler imaging at smaller luminal diameters (<60 mm2) compared with larger luminal diameters.ConclusionsMeasurements of the ICA cross‐sectional area by color Doppler imaging were significantly greater than those obtained by power Doppler or grayscale imaging. This difference should be considered when stenosis estimates are confirmed or graded by luminal measurements.
Caribou Distribution and Movements in a Northern Alaska Oilfield
Authors: Prichard Alexander K. , Lawhead Brian E. , Lenart Elizabeth A. , Welch Joseph H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAs industrial development increases in the range of barren‐ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) across the warming Arctic, the need to understand the responses of caribou to development and to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures increase accordingly. The Central Arctic Herd (CAH) of caribou ranges across northern Alaska, USA, and the herd's summer range includes the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk oilfields, where the herd has been exposed to oil development for >4 decades. We used location data from global positioning system (GPS) radio‐collars deployed on female CAH caribou for 106 collar‐years, recording locations every 2 hours during 2008–2019, to examine caribou distribution and movements during 7 different seasons of the year in relation to infrastructure in the Kuparuk oilfield, which is characterized by more design improvements and mitigation measures than the older Prudhoe Bay oilfield. We examined movement metrics in terms of distance to gravel infrastructure (roads and pads) and time before and after movements across infrastructure (crossings). We also employed integrated step‐selection analysis to compare caribou movements with random movements. Caribou distribution was influenced by insect activity, distance to coast, landcover, and terrain ruggedness, and we found large seasonal differences in caribou responses to infrastructure. Consistent with previous research findings, avoidance of areas near roads and pads was strongest during the calving season and some caribou used roads and pads as insect‐relief habitat when oestrid flies (warble fly [Hypoderma tarandi] and nose bot fly [Cephenemyia trompe]) were active. Caribou moved through the Kuparuk oilfield repeatedly during summer, averaging >2 road or pad crossings a day when harassment by mosquitoes (Aedes [Ochlerotatus] spp.) and oestrid flies were the predominant factors influencing caribou movements. Caribou moved faster while crossing roads and pads but showed little pattern in speed or turn angle with distance to roads and pads. These results demonstrate that the effects of petroleum development on a caribou herd with long‐term exposure to industrial activity vary widely by season. Maternal caribou avoid active roads and pads during calving, but the incorporation of appropriate mitigation measures in oilfield design allows caribou to move through the Kuparuk oilfield during other snow‐free seasons. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes of Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Prader‐Willi Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Clements Anna Christina , Dai Xi , Walsh Jonathan M. , Sterni Laura M. , Prichett Laura , Boss Emily F. , Seal Stella M. , Ryan Marisa A. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to obesity, hypotonia, and abnormal ventilatory responses. We evaluated post‐adenotonsillectomy complications, polysomnography changes, and quality of life in children with OSA and PWS.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus. Two researchers independently reviewed studies about adenotonsillectomy for OSA in patients <21 years with PWS. We extracted study design, patient numbers, age, complications, polysomnography, and quality of life. We pooled postoperative changes in apnea hypopnea index (AHI) for meta‐analysis. We applied Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) criteria to assess study quality.ResultsThe initial search yielded 169 studies. We included 68 patients from eight studies with moderate to high risk of bias. Six studies reported on complications and 12 of 51 patients (24%) had at least one. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was the most commonly reported complication (7/51, 14%). We included seven studies in meta‐analysis. Mean postoperative improvement in AHI was 7.7 (95% CI: 4.9–10.5). Postoperatively 20% (95% CI: 3%–43%) had resolution of OSA with AHI < 1.5 while 67% (95% CI: 50%–82%) had improvement from severe/moderate OSA to mild/resolved (AHI < 5). Two studies evaluated quality of life and demonstrated improvement.ConclusionsChildren with PWS undergoing adenotonsillectomy for OSA have a substantial risk of postoperative complications that may require additional interventions, especially velopharyngeal insufficiency. Despite improvements in polysomnography and quality of life, many patients had residual OSA. This information can be used to counsel families when considering OSA treatment options. Laryngoscope, 131:898–906, 2021
Nitrogen rhizodeposition by legumes and its fate in agroecosystems: A field study and literature review
Authors: Wang Xiquan , Yang Yadong , Pei Kuan , Zhou Jie , Peixoto Leanne , Gunina Anna , Zeng Zhaohai , Zang Huadong , Rasmussen Jim , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantification of legume nitrogen (N) rhizodeposition (N derived from roots) and its fate in agroecosystems is crucial for managing soil fertility, land productivity, and agriculture sustainability. In contrast to forage legumes, the N rhizodeposition by grain legumes is nearly unknown. Therefore, N rhizodeposition of four grain legumes and its transfer to subsequent wheat crops was quantified using the 15N stem labeling method under field conditions. The N rhizodeposition of the grain legumes: peanut, soybean, mungbean, and adzuki bean amounted to 25, 51, 20, and 63 kg N ha−1, respectively. N rhizodeposition was not affected by fertilization, and it was 53–257% more accumulated in topsoil (0–20 cm) than that in subsoil (20–40 cm). However, N rhizodeposition per unit of root biomass in subsoil was 3.5‐times as much as that in topsoil (p < 0.05), indicating the importance of legumes for soil fertility and exploration in subsoil. Remarkably, subsequent wheat utilized 13–85% of legume N rhizodeposition, which contributed to 4–20% of total wheat N uptake. Combining the present data with the literature review, the average N rhizodeposition of legumes (both grain and forage legumes) is 83 kg N ha−1 (n = 75), and one‐fourth of which was utilized by subsequent cereals. Increasing root biomass by 1 g increases rhizodeposition by 53 mg N. In conclusion, legume N rhizodeposition is crucial for the sustainability of legume‐based crop rotations resulting in soil N build‐up and is an important N source for subsequent crops.