bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECTAL CULTURE SURVEILLANCE AND DEVELOPED SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS IN VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI AND CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARRIERS
Authors: Arabacı Çiğdem , Emre Salih 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Globally, in the young age group of people mortality and morbidity is due to the high-energy trauma. The losing of young age group of population will get impact in the social economic losses of family as well as the nation. Fractures are generally caused by high-energy trauma, high-impact accidents and are often associated with injuries to other organic lesions like abdominal viscera, genitourinary system, neurovascular, musculoskeletal structures and central nervous system. There was relatively low rate of occurrence of facture of pelvic injuries that associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. According to the studied of the post-mortem examined only in children 66 deaths caused by trauma that showing pelvic fracture and severe bleeding to be the cause of death in 42% of the cases. In the case of adult in cases of unstable pelvic fractures retroperitoneal bleeding is the worst complication.
Aim: The main objective of this study is to study of Unstable Pelvic Fractures from children in tertiary care hospital
Material and methods: In this study total 10 patients were included who had suffered unstable fractures of the pelvic ring with the age from 1 to 15 years old.. From all the patients detail clinical history were taken with analysis of the pre and postoperative radiographs by presence of the triradiate cartilage of the iliac.
Result: In this study total 10 patients were included with unstable fractures of the pelvic ring evaluated where female were 6 and male were 4 with the ration 6: 4. The age ranges were 2 to 15 years with the mean age 7.5±4 years old. Symphysis disjunctions of the pubic facture were present in maximum with the facture of two rami and facture of four rami respectively. In five of the cases Sacroiliac dislocation correspond to posterior lesion were seen. The AO-OTA classification was used to evaluate the cases with the following distribution as 61 B1 (one case); 61 B2 (one case); 61 C3 (one cases), 61 C2 (one case) and 61 C1 (seven cases).
Conclusion: Now a day’s also many research which still have a controversy for treatment, which has been recommended for treating these fractures for many years. Their concerns relate to the complications encountered that in leg length and residual pain in the sacroiliac joint.
Keywords: unstable pelvic facture, pelvic asymmetry, children
EFFICACY AND CORRELATION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASURED BY NON-CONTACT, REBOUND AND GOLDMANN APPLANATION TONOMETER WITH CORNEAL THICKNESS, TRUE IOP AND CORNEAL CURVATURE IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL.
Authors: Das Santanu , Nagesh Nayana , L Kiran Kumar , Shetty Sundeep 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT:
AIM-To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Non-Contact tonometer (NCT), Rebound tonometer (RBT) and Goldmann Applanation tonometer (GAT) and their correlation with central corneal thickness (CCT), true IOP and corneal curvature.
Reliability of each tonometer.
METHODS-500 random patients aged 18 years and above were taken up for the study. Patients with anterior and posterior segment pathologies like corneal ulcer, leukoma, staphyloma, corneal lacerations, ectatic corneal conditions, corneal dystrophies, oedema, perforations, acute angle closure glaucoma, retinal detachments, vitreous haemorrhage and unwilling patients were excluded from the study. IOP was recorded using NCT, RBT and GAT after assessing the patient's visual acuity. Following IOP measurement, central corneal thickness (CCT) of each patient was measured using pachymetry. Kvalues were measured using an autorefractometer. All the data were collected and tabulated for statistical analysis to obtain results.
RESULTS: The mean CCT in males was 0.5350 mm and in females 0.5340 mm respectively. The mean IOP measured by NCT is 16.43 mm hg whereas the mean IOP measured by GAT is 15.43 mm hg. IOP measured by NCT is significantly higher than the IOP measured by GAT (p<0.001). When NCT and RBT are compared NCT values are significantly higher than that of RBT(p<0.001). Although the mean RBT IOP 15.83 mm hg is higher than the mean GAT IOP of 15.42 mm hg the values are not statistically significant. When correlated with CCT all the tonometers showed significant correlation with GAT showing the strongest correlation. NCT overestimates IOP in normal, thin and thicker corneas when compared to GAT and are statistically significant. RBT also overestimates in the normal and thick corneas when compared to GAT but their values are much closer to GAT values in thinner corneas. The IOP measured by all the 3 tonometers correlated with corrected IOP with NCT showing the best correlation followed by GAT. There was no significant correlation between K and IOP in our study.
CONCLUSION-From the present study we can conclude that IOP measured by NCT and RBT is higher than GAT. NCT values are significantly higher than GAT values in thin and normal corneas whereas it overestimates more in thicker corneas. RBT values are significantly higher than that of GAT in normal and thick corneas. All the tonometers show significant correlation with CCT with GAT showing the strongest correlation. So, it is always advisable to measure the corrected IOP for each patient after considering the CCT.
Keywords- Non-contact tonometer; Goldmann applanation tonometer; central corneal thickness; intraocular pressure; Rebound tonometer, true IOP, Corneal curvature.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WATER FILTERS WITH ACTIVATED CARBON MEDIA OF BAGASSE SUGARCANE FOR REDUCING IRON LEVELS IN GROUNDWATER
Authors: Maharani Zulfia , Santoso N. Budi , Anggraini Amelia , Rajiani Ismi 
Published: November 2019

Background: Clean water supply can be obtained from various sources, both groundwater and surface water. Groundwater often contains high levels of iron (Fe). Many residents are forced to use water which in terms of quality does not meet the requirements, one of which is the chemical elements in the form of high iron content which can cause diarrhea, anemia, kidney damage that ends in death.
Methods: This research is an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of bagasse activated carbon thickness in reducing iron (fe) levels in groundwater in Kebon Jeruk district, west Jakarta. This research was conducted at the workshop of environmental health department of health polytechnic of the ministry of health Jakarta. The water sample used was 45 liters, samples from electric pump wells treated with sugarcane bagasse activated carbon filtration with a thickness variation of 0 cm as control or without activated carbon bagasse, 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, and 75 cm.
Result: results of chemistry laboratory research at the department of environmental health polytechnic of the ministry of health Jakarta on the content of iron (fe) in groundwater, iron content (fe) before processing by filtration method using bagasse pulp activated carbon as much as 2.99 mg / l against allowable iron (fe) levels for clean water quality requirements based on ministry of health regulation no. 32 in 2017, the maximum allowable content of 1.0 mg / l.
Conclusion: of the five treatments the most effective thickness of activated carbon reduces iron (fe), is at a thickness of 45 cm because it has been able to reduce iron levels below the maximum allowable level based on ministry of health regulation no. 32 in 2017 which is 1.0 mg / l.
Keyword: Water Treatment, Sugar Cane Bagasse, Fe Reduction, Environmental Health, Environmental Chemistry
NON-ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: Manhas Rameshwar S , Manhas Angli , Akhter Rukhsana , Thappa Jagdish R , Manhas Gaurav S 
Published: November 2019

Background: One of the frequent problem in schizophrenic patients is non adherence to treatment which can be partial or complete7 and can leads to poor clinical outcomes. Non adherence to antipsychotic medications can lead to increased episodes of violent behavior, exacerbation of psychotic symptoms, increased rates of suicidal/homicidal behavior and resistance to drugs.
Aims: To find prevalence of non adherence to treatment in schizophrenic patients.
Materials & Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted over a period of two months, on schizophrenic patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) of tertiary care hospital, Jammu. After meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, total of 131 patients were selected for the study. Various parameters like age, sex, education, marital status etc were collected. A patient is said to be non adherent if he takes less than 80% of prescribed medication or have gaps in medication of at least 7 days.
Results: 64.9% schizophrenic patients were non adherent to their treatment. Prevalence of non adherence was higher in those schizophrenic patients who were males, unmarried, uneducated, unemployed, from rural areas, below 20 years of age and belongs to lower socioeconomic status whereas it was low in those who had parents as their caretakers.
Conclusion: In the present study it is concluded that the prevalence of non adherence among schizophrenic patients is high which may hamper treatment outcome, worsens the prognosis of the disease and produces excessive burden on the caretakers of these patients. Hence it is suggested that in addition to providing treatment to these patients, necessary initiatives must be taken by health care professionals to prevent relapses of symptoms by maintaining treatment compliance.
Keywords: Non Adherence, Prevalence. Schizophrenia
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Ninghot Abhijit , Mohod Kanchan , Khan Mohd. Sameer , Ansari Azmat Kamal , Kumar Satish 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is major public health problem in developing countries like India.Millions of people have died from tuberculosis. Many times it is difficult to get sputum sample from the patients. Some tests lack specificity, some other lack sensitivity. Hence, there is need of precise and faster diagnosis for patients attending hospitals. In this study, we compared the detection potential of biochemical and immunological markers(ADA, LDH and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ES-31 & EST-6 antigens & antibodies based ELISAs) in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Methods: 50 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed by sputum examinationfor acid fast bacilli (AFB) and 50 age and sex matched control subjects were included in this study.ADA & LDH were estimated by using commercial kits. Tubercular antigens and antibodies were detected by ELISA method.
Results: SerumADA detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivityand specificityof 94%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum LDH in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 94% and 36% respectively.Serumtubercular antigens detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivity and specificity of 88%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum tubercular antibodies in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 80% and 90% respectively.
Conclusion: Adenosine deaminase has better detection potential over other markers in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Keywords: Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Tuberculosis antigen-antibody
EVALUATION OF COMPLICATIONS OF PHACOEMULSIFICATION WITH PCIOL IMPLANTATION SURGERY
Authors: Manhas Angli , Manhas Rameshwar S , Manhas Gaurav S , Gupta Dinesh 
Published: November 2019

Background: Phacoemulsification is a state of the art surgery for cata­ract removal. From the simple procedure of couching practiced by sushruta to latest method of phaco emulsification of Charles kelman, cataract surgery had undergone a tremendous metamorphosis. Phacoemulsification is one of the most successful surgical procedures performed, and its popularity is due to decreased operating time and a shorter postoperative healing period. The objective of the study was to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications of phacoemulsification with PCIOL implantation surgery.
Materials & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months on patients having visually significant cataract that presented to or were referred to ophthalmology Department, GMCH, Jammu and after getting admission underwent planned extracapsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens ( PCIOL) implantation. After meeting inclusion & exclusion crieteria all the patients underwent complete examination as history, ocular examination, systemic examination and laboratory tests like haemoglobin etc.
Results: Out of 200, maximum numbers of patients were in age group of 41-50 i.e. 90 followed by 82 patients in 51-60yrs age group. Males were 112.Total of 148 patients were from urban area. Best corrected preoperative visual acuity of ≤6/36 was seen in 102 patients whereas 6th week postoperatively only 7 patients had visual acuity of ≤6/36. The final 6th week postoperative best corrected visual acuity of 6/12- 6/6 was found in 171 patients. Among intraoperative complications hyphaema & constriction of pupil each were seen in 2 patients, followed by posterior capsule rent in 3 patients only while postoperatively mild uveitis was seen in 30 followed by striate keratopathy in 12 patients.
Conclusion: From present study, we may conclude that phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation is a good surgical tecqinique for cataract which can be performed safely with good visual outcome, with few intraoperative and postoperative complications in expert hands.
Keywords: Phacoemulsification , visual outcome, complications
COMPOSING THE MIXTURE OF A.CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT IN ELIMINATING SALMONELLA TYPHI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BACTERIA
Authors: Zaini Wawan  Sofwan , Kurniati Nining , Nurhayati Betty , Sucipto Cecep  Dani , Rajiani Ismi 
Published: November 2019

Background: A.cordifolia leaf is one of the traditional medicinal plants that have many benefits, including cough medicine, diabetes, shortness of breath, burns, post-operative wounds, dysentery, kidney inflammation, inflammation of the intestine, acne, bleeding gums, smoothing menstruation, increase appetite, and increase endurance. This research aims to find out the minimum concentration of A.cordifolia leaf extract that was able to kill bacteria Salmonella typhi
Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory study with a research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in which the treatment of test bacteria is carried out with variations in concentration and contact time of the A.cordifolia leaf extract and A.cordifolia leaf using alcohol extract. The controlled variable was the concentration of A.cordifolia leaf extract with contact time variation while the response variable was the result of bacterial colony growth. For negative control applied sterilized aqua (0%) and as a comparison chloramphenicol was used.
Result: The results showed that A.cordifolia which extracted by ethanol solvent killed bacteria S. Typhi at a concentration of 80% with a contact time of 10 minutes, and bacteria S. aureus at a level of 100% with a contact time of 10 minutes, whereas A.cordifolia water extract could kill bacteria S.typhi at a concentration 80% with a contact time of 20 minutes, and bacteria S. aureus at a concentration of 100% with a contact time of 20 minutes.
Conclusion: A.cordifolia, which extracted by ethanol solvent, has a stronger killing power than one extracted with water solvent.
Keyword: A.cordifolia leaves, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, extraction
PREVALENCE OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR
Authors: Meena Dr. Rajesh Kumar , Gupta Dr. Prasanna 
Published: November 2019

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decades. Currently, there are 38 species of CoNS isolated from various human infections.
Methods: A observational descriptive study conduct on 71 samples collected from the hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized patients. Various samples like Urine, body fluids, pus, blood, swabs (wound, high vaginal, nose, throat) and other clinical samples were collected from patients attending outpatient departments (OPD) and admitted in wards and ICUs in NIMS hospital and processed for isolation and identification of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) by the phenotypic methods.
Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis(35.21%) isolated more in our study. Second most common species was Staphylococcus saprophyticus(33.80%). Other species that isolated were as Staphylococcus haemolyticus(15.49%), Staphylococcus lugdanensis(7.04%), Staphylococcus schleiferi(4.22%) and Staphylococcus xylosis(7.40%)
Concussion- In this study, the most common species identified was S. epidermidis.
Keywords: Staphylococcus, Infection, Urine, Blood, Pus.
A STUDY OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA: INCIDENCE, OUTCOME, RISK FACTORS AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR PREVENTION
Authors: Singh Dr. Raghvendra , Kumar Dr. Ramesh 
Published: November 2019

Background: Pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection among critically ill patients, affecting 27% of all critically ill patients.
Methods: The study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care centre. A total of 100 patients who were kept on mechanical ventilator were randomly selected. Cases included were patients of both sexes who were kept on mechanical ventilator for more than 48 h, having the age of >15 years. Patients who died or developed pneumonia within 48 h or those who were admitted with pneumonia at the time of admission and patients of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) were excluded from the study.
Results: The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was found to be 12.3±3.1 days for the non-VAP group and 19.1 ±4.2 days for the VAP group that those requiring prolonged ventilator support (>15 days) had a significantly higher incidence of VAP (P-value, 0.001). Supine position and stuporous, comatose patients were found to be risk factors, having a high incidence of VAP, and proved to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: Incidence is directly proportional to duration of mechanical ventilation and re-intubation is a strong risk factor for development of VAP. Therefore, duration of ventilation has to be reduced to get rid of morbidity and mortality associated with mechanical ventilation, which can be achieved by administering a proper weaning protocol and titrating sedation regimens as per the need of the patients.
Keywords: Incidence, Infection, ICU
PHARMACOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Manhas Rameshwar S , Manhas Gaurav S , Akhter Rukhsana , Thappa Jagdish R , Manhas Angli 
Published: November 2019

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating major psychiatric illness which is characterized by a decreased ability to understand reality, strange speech and abnormal behavior.
Aims: To find out pharmacological patterns in schizophrenic patients.
Materials & Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study involved prescription of 150 schizophrenic patients and was conducted in the outpatient department (OPD) of tertiary care hospital, Jammu over a period of two months. Data like name, number, combination of drugs etc of psychotropic medications were collected
Results: Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.26. Among prescribed antipsychotics, 87.9% were atypical antipsychotic drugs. Single antipsychotic was used in 57.3% patients whereas combination of antipsychotics were used in 42.7% patients. Olanzapine was the most commonly used antipsychotic drug and was prescribed in 72.7% patients. Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used comedications and were prescribed in 62% patients.
Conclusion: From present study, it has been concluded that atypical antipsychotic drugs were the most frequently prescribed among schizophrenic patients. The most common medication to be used was olanzapine whereas the most common comedications used along with antipsychotics were benzodiazepines.
Keywords: Antipsychotics, Olanzapine, Schizophrenia.
TO CORRELATE THE MRI FINDINGS WITH THAT OF TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND
Authors: Goindani Dr. Renu , Gupta Dr. Anoop 
Published: November 2019

This Study was done in the Department of Radio diagnosis of Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, A total of 65 patients who were referred to our department with clinical suspicion of endometrial lesions and incidentally detected endometrial lesions on ultrasonography underwent transvaginal ultrasound.
Result:On TVS 29% cases were diagnosed as endometrial hyperplasia. 25% cases were diagnosed as malignantetiology. Overall benign lesions predominated comprising of 75% of total lesions.
Other benign lesions identified on TVS were endometrial polyp,endometritis,submucosal fibroid ,adenomyosis and synechiae.
Conclusion: TVS should be used as the primary imaging modality in endometrial lesions as it is dynamic, widely available and less expensive. But it is less sensitive in diagnosing malignant endometrial lesions and there extend. Accuracy of TVS is 82% in detecting malignant endometrial lesions. All patients with even slight suspicion of malignancy based on clinical features, age and TVS findings should be subjected to pelvic MRI.
Keywords: MRI, Transvaginal, Ultrasound & Endometrial lesions
TO STUDY THE CURRENT PRACTICES OF POLIO VACCINATION (IPV & TOPV TO BOPV SWITCH).
Authors: Aras Dr. Vasundhara 
Published: November 2019

Background: This study was conducted to know the operational strategies of polio surveillance to study the current practices of polio vaccination, to find out practices of key health care staff regarding strategies in polio eradication
Result: A significant difference between the knowledge of urban and rural area ANMs regarding. IPV is a not a substitute for OPV (p value<0.05). 63% & 75% ANMs of urban & rural resp. were unaware about OPV being phased out. Only 1 out of 16 ANMs knew the correct reason for tOPV to bOPV switch. All (100%) ANMs reported AEFI monthly, always attended meetings & encouraged their ASHAs for community mobilization. 25% ANMs of rural area considered reporting of AFP cases and checking vaccine requirements & stock maintenance only sometimes.
Conclusion: Vaccines currently in use Indore district are bOPV & fIPV. IPV & fIPV are costly than OPVs. Shortage of bOPV (January to February 2018), IPV & fIPV was suffered due to manufacturing units not working. In this study OPV 3rd dose coverage is low as compared to OPV 1st dose coverage & OPV booster dose coverage has further declined. This practice leads to low population immunity for polio.
In this study PPI coverage over the years has remained >=100%. However the RI coverage has ranged between 82-95%. It indicates towards possibility of lowering of population immunity and herd immunity because of not maintaining the RI coverage more 90% consistently.
Keywords: Polio Vaccination, Practice, IPV, tOPV, bOPV.