bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance profile from Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from tracheostomized children
Authors: Almeida Juliana Afonso de , Barros Caroline Espíndola de , Ayres Gustavo Henrique da Silva , Silva Mariana Helena e , Liberal Andressa Santos , Batista Marcos Antonio , Gomes Raylane Pereira , Filho Arlindo Rodrigues Galvão , Silva Carla Afonso da , Wastowski Isabela Jubé , Carneiro Lilian Carla , Avelino Melissa Ameloti Gomes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The tracheostomized patients exhibit high risks of bacterial infections, because the tracheal tube acts as a gateway to these microorganisms. The objective was to characterize microbiologically the tracheal secretion of tracheostomized children, to evaluate the biofilm formation, and to study the phenotypic and molecular profile of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated. Methods The study collected 88 tracheal secretion samples. The material processed by phenotypic tests were performed for bacterial identification. For identification of the biofilm, the Congo red agar test and the plaque microtiter test were used, and the qPCR method was used to resistance verification. Results Were obtained 27 samples of S. aureus and 71 of P. aeruginosa . All S. aureus samples were positive for biofilm formation on Congo red agar test. In antibiogram test, S. aureus showed resistance to seven drugs. Regarding the identification of resistance genes, were amplificated bla Z in 42.8% from S. aureus and mec A in 28.6% of them. Pseudomonas aeruginosa presented resistance to eight drugs. The most frequent chromosomal genes were bla OXA with 66.7% and bla KPC with 58.3%. To plasmidial DNA, was highlighted bla NDM with 58.3% positive. ConclusionThe S. aureus and P. aeruginosa characterization of colonization from lower respiratory tract associated with the use of the device in tracheotomy patients, and the physiology and antimicrobial resistance profile, will help health professionals to choose the most appropriate treatment to be administered in children with tracheotomy, increasing the chances of airway restoration and decannulation.
Cutaneous breast cancer metastases successfully treated using an oxygen flow assisted administration of methotrexate (OFAMTX5%)
Authors: Jouret Gaëlle , Gonne Elodie , Quatresooz Pascale , Reginster Marie-Annick , Collins Patrick , Lebas Eve , Jerusalem Guy , Nikkels Arjen F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous metastases of breast cancer (CMOBC) remain a therapeutic challenge. Recently, oxygen flow assisted topical administration of methotrexate 3% (OFAMTX5%) was proven an efficacious alternative treatment for extramammary Paget’s disease, an in situ mammary adenocarcinoma.
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of OFAMTX5% for the treatment of CMOBC.
Materials and methods: A patient with triple negative breast cancer presented with biopsy proven CMOBC. Two weekly sessions were given for 2 weeks with OFAMTX5% on a site of approximately 40 cm 2 . Skin biopsies were performed before and 2 months after procedure.
Results: Tolerance was excellent with no pain sensations. Two months post procedure the treated area presented a postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. No residual metastases were evidenced on the control skin biopsy.
Discussion: In selected cases of CMOBC OFAMTX5% can represent a non-painfull and efficacious treatment alternative. Larger series should evaluate the place of OFAMTX5% for the treatment of CMOBC.
IKBKE is a critical mediator of TAM-induced breast cancer resistance to BET inhibition
Authors: Qiao Jianghua , Chen Yibing , Mi Yanjun , Jin Huan , Wang Lina , Huang Ting , Li Haolong , Song Yucen , Cao Jun , Wang Qiming , Zou zhengzhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: BET inhibitors (BETi) exhibit a strong anti-tumor activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, BETi resistance has been reported in TNBC. The mechanisms of resistance have not been demonstrated. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently involved in cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, also associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. However, the role of TAMs in BETi resistance remains unknown. Method: The expression of RNA was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Protein was detected by Western blot, immunofluorescence and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI, TUNEL assays and Hoechst 33258 staining. NF-κB activities were detected by luciferase reporter assays. Mice model of breast cancer was established with subcutaneous xenograft tumor. Detailed mechanistic studies were performed by using inhibitors, RNA interference and DNA transfections. Results: Here, we found that BETi JQ1 and I-BET151 exerted anti-tumor effects in TNBC by decreasing IKBKE expression to attenuate NF-κB signaling. BET inhibition was found to downregulate IKBKE levels through BRD2/E2F1 axis. Moreover, we firstly found that TNBC-stimulated TAMs activated NF-κB signaling by upregulating IKBKE expression to enhance breast cancer cells resistance to BETi. The IKBKE levels were also proved to be higher in clinical TNBC tissues than Non-TNBC tissues, suggesting feedback induction of IKBKE expression by TNBC-stimulated TAMs in TNBC. In addition, the induction of IKBKE by TAMs in TNBC cells was identified to be associated with STAT3 signaling, which was activated by TAM-secreted IL-6 and IL-10. Lastly, the combination of inhibitors of BET and STAT3 exerted a synergistic inhibition effects in TAM-cocultured or TAM CM-treated TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo . Conclusion: Altogether, our findings illustrated TNBC-activated macrophages conferred TNBC cells resistance to BETi via IL-6 or IL-10/STAT3/IKBKE/NF-κB axis. Blockade of IKBKE or double inhibition of BET and STAT3 might be a novel strategy for treatment of TNBC.
A retrospective study of patients receiving polymyxin B intravenous treatment in PUMCH: real clinical practice
Authors: Zuo Wei , Gao Daihui , Xu Xiuli , Yang Yuhui , Wu Bin , Zhang Yan , Yang Yang , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Polymyxin B once had to exit the market due to its toxicity. As antibacterial is widely used, the problem of drug-resistance, especially the gram-negative bacteria, has become a major threat to global health. Polymyxin B has reappeared as a last resort for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria. With its return, the use of polymyxin B greatly increased over time in China. The aim of our study was to overview the actual clinical application of polymyxin B in patients with MDR and XDR Gram-negative bacteria in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Moreover its usage characteristics were summarized in detail.Methods: All the patients hospitalized in Perking Union Medical College of Hospital (PUMCH) from August 2018 (available in PUMCH) to December 2019 who received polymyxin B were enrolled in the study. Patients’ basic information, previous medical history, antimicrobial susceptibility, the use of antimicrobials throughout the hospital stay, adverse reactions, and clinical outcomes were extracted and recorded for descriptive analysis.Results: A total of 84 hospitalized patients received polymyxin B intravenous injection. Most of the patients had underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes or in the states of immunosuppression, who had already received other antibiotic therapy, particularly carbapenems, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor and tigecycline, prior to receiving polymyxin B. About 73.81% of the patients had mixed infections, with pneumonia being the most common. The leading pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (73.81%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.57%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (20.23). The microbiological clearance of the targeted bacteria after therapy was 17.88%. Clinical amelioration at the last day of polymyxin B therapy was observed in 52.38% of cases, while mortality was observed in 32.14%. Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were observed in 5 and 1 cases respectively.Conclusion: Polymyxin B was used to fight against MDR and XDR Gram-negative bacterial infections under the conditions of previous treatment failure, changes of antimicrobial susceptibility, and drug intolerance in PUMCH. However, owing to lack of experience and widely recognized application criteria, the use of polymyxin B demanded more research to help achieve uniform standards and rules to guide the clinical application of polymyxin B, thus leading to better clinical outcomes.
Tetrandrine Ameliorated Alzheimer’s Disease through Suppressing the Inflammatory Activation of Microglia in 5XFAD Mouse
Authors: Ren Defang , Fu Yu , Wang Li , Zhong Xia , Yuan Jiyuan , Jiang Chaoli , Wang Honglian , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder prevalent in aged population. Tetrandrine is a natural metabolite isolated from herbal medicine Stephania tetrandra with various activities. Our previous study showed that tetrandrine can ameliorate acute cognitive impairment in a rat model induced by Aβ 1-42 intra-hippocampus injection. In this study, we further investigated the therapeutic role of tetrandrine in the transgenic 5XFAD mouse, a chronic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the distribution of tetrandrine in brain. 5XFAD mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or tetrandrine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg per 2 days) for 2 months. Cognitive ability was measured by Morris water maze test. The distribution of amyloid plaque was determined by immunohistochemistry in the brains. The expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB were quantified by RT-PCR. In vitro , the inflammatory activation of microglial BV2 cells was checked by secretion of TNFα and IL-1β determined by ESLIA. Proinflammatory factors including TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS and COX-2 were analyzed by Western blot. In PC12-derived neural cells, CCK8 assay was used to determine the cell viability. Flow cytometry was applied to quantify cell apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to study the expression of apoptosis-involved protein cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2. Results Tetrandrine can be distributed in the brain after intraperitoneal injection. Injection of tetrandrine significantly improved the cognitive ability of 5XFAD mice in the Morris water maze test. 5XFAD mice receiving tetrandrine showed notably reduced deposition of amyloid plaque in the brain and decreased cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. Further, tetrandrine treatment suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and inflammation modulator (COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB) in the brain tissue. In vitro , tetrandrine suppressed Aβ 1-42-induced inflammatory activation of microglial BV2 cells as revealed by decreased secretion of TNFα and IL-1β, and inhibited expression of TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS and COX-2. Treatment of PC12-derived neural cells with conditional medium from Aβ 1-42-stimulated BV2 cells remarkably impaired cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, which was attenuated by tetrandrine pre-treatment of the BV2 cells. Conclusions Tetrandrine improves the Alzheimer’s disease at least partially through suppressing microgrlia-mediated inflammation and neurotoxicity.
Immune and clinical features of CD96 expression in glioma by large-scale analysis
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhong Hua , Fan Yinchun , Liu Qian , Song Jiancheng , Yao Shengtao , Cao Fang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoints target regulatory pathways in T cells which enhance antitumor immune responses and elicit durable clinical responses . As a novel immune checkpoint, CD96 is an attractive key target for cancer immunotherapy. However, there is no integrative investigation of CD96 in glioma. Our study explored the relationship between CD96 expression and clinical prognosis in glioma. Methods: A total of 1,024 RNA and clinical data were enrolled in this study, including 325 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and 699 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. R language was used to perform statistical analysis and draw figures. Results: CD96 had a consistently positive relationship with glioblastoma and highly enriched in IDH-wildtype and mesenchymal subtype glioma. GO enrichment and GSVA analyses suggested that CD96 was more involved in immune functions, especially related to T cell-mediated immune response in glioma. Subsequent immune infiltration analysis manifes ted that CD96 was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, macrophages , neutrophils, and DCs in GBM and LGG. Additionally, CD96 was tightly associated with other immune checkpoints including PD-1 , CTLA-4 , TIGIT , and TIM-3 . Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that CD96 acts as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in glioma. Conclusion: CD96 expression was increased in malignant phenotype and negatively associated with overall survival (OS) in glioma. CD96 also showed a positive correlation with other immune checkpoints, immune response, and inflammatory activity. Our findings indicate that CD96 is a promising clinical target for further immunotherapeutic in glioma patients.
Measuring Early Childhood Development with the Early Human Capability Index (eHCI): A Reliability and Validity Study in China
Authors: Zhao Jin , Brinkman Sally Anne , Song Yingquan , Lu Chunling , Young Mary Eming , Zhang Yue , IP Patrick , Shan Wenjie , Zhang Yunting , Jiang Fan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: With the importance of early childhood development more recognized by the international society, low-cost and cross-culturally comparable measures of early childhood development is in great demand, both in China and worldwide. In this study, we aim to test the psychometrics of the Chinese version of The Early Human Capability Index (eHCI), which is designed as a measurement for school readiness in large population.
Methods: We evaluated the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, factor structure, criterion-related validity, and discriminant validity of the eHCI in 20,324 preschool children in Shanghai. We also compared eHCI scores with test result of ASQ in 815 children in Yexian and EAP-ECDS in 6,947 children in Daming.
Results: The ICC between parents and teachers were 0.83 and 0.63 for Literacy Numeracy and Overall Development. The confirmatory factor analyses showed good model fit (c2 = 509323, p<0.001; CFI=0.901; RMSEA=0.038). The correlations between the scores of eHCI and other ECD metrics ranged between r =-0.42 and r =0.53. The scale discriminated between children’s developmental level based on gender, parental education, family income and family assets.
Conclusions: Results from Chinese population suggested that eHCI is valid and reliable for measuring early childhood development in children aged 3-6 years. The eHCI can be applied to map the global distribution of early childhood development for allocating scarce resources to help those in greatest demand. Longitudinal studies are warranted to test its predictive validity for later outcomes.
Bayesian network analysis of open, laparoscopic and Robot-assisted Radical cystectomy.
Authors: Dong Lin , Lin Chen , Hu Tinghui , Mou Xiaoxi , Shu Cui , Wu Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background We performed the conventional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Robot-assisted Radical cystectomy (RARC) versus laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer (BCa). Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase was performed up to until Dec 20, 2019. Outcome indexes include: oncologic outcomes: the recurrence rate, mortality; pathologic outcomes: Lymph node yield (LNY), Positive lymph node (PLN), positive surgical margins (PSM); perioperative outcomes: operating time (OP), estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion rate, the length of hospital stay, and the time to regular diet. And Postoperative 90-day complications. Results 59 articles describing 8 RCTs, 25 Prospective study, 26 Retrospective study (6944 patients) were analyzed. No significant differences were found between RARC, LEC and ORC in two oncologic outcomes: the recurrence rate and mortality. However, for the recurrence rate, patients with LRC has the highest probability, ORC has the second highest probability, and RARC has the lowest probability. For the mortality, patients with ORC has the highest probability, LRC has the second probability, and RARC has the lowest probability. In three pathologic outcomes: direct meta-analysis indicates that ORC is more than RARC or LRC in PSM and RARC is more than ORC in LNY. On the other hand, network meta-analysis indicates that ORC is more than RARC in PSM. No significant differences were found between RARC, LEC and ORC in other pathologic outcomes: LNY and PLN. for LNY, patients with RARC has the highest probability, ORC has the second highest probability, and LRC has the lowest probability by our network meta-analysis. For PLN, patients with ORC has the highest probability, LRC has the second probability, and RARC has the lowest probability by our network meta-analysis. With respect to perioperative outcomes, direct meta-analysis indicates that RARC is shorter time than LRC or ORC in OP. On the other hand, network meta-analysis indicates that patients with ORC have significantly longer OP than LRC or RARC. Direct meta-analysis and network meta-analysis both indicate that ORC is more than RARC or LRC in EBL, ORC is longer than RARC or LRCConclusion The conventional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis suggest that RARC is a safest and most effective surgical approach in the treatment of BCa and LRC rankes second. However, large sample size and more high-quality studies are still needed to further improve and verify.
To describe minimally invasive esophagectomy with a focus on peri-esophageal lacuna anatomy
Authors: Chen Nanzheng , Yang Xiaomei , He Haiqi , Zhang Guangjian , Wu Qifei , Geng Donghong , Chen Jian , Fu Junke , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Lacuna anatomy has been studied widely in various organs to improve the operative approach and surgical procedure. However, there are few studies about the peri-esophageal lacuna (PEL). The aim of this study was to describe minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with a focus on PEL anatomy.Methods: From August 2012 to December 2015, patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent MIE by the same group of surgeons at our institution. A double lumen endotracheal tube was used with left lung ventilation without pneumothorax for patients in group 1. A single lumen endotracheal tube was used with two-lung ventilation and right artificial pneumothorax for patients in group 2. The methods that we used for thoracic esophagus mobilization and modularized lymph node dissection, based on the American joint committee on cancer (AJCC) staging manual, in the peri-esophageal space are described. We evaluated the surgical effect, postoperative complications and follow-up results.Results: A total of 147 patients (107 men; mean ± standard deviation age 63.1 ± 7.7 years) were enrolled. Among them, 67 were placed in group 1 and 80 in group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, tumor location, T stage, N stage or comorbidities. The mean operation duration (283±46 vs 307±69 minutes; p=0.007) and blood loss (129±84 vs 260±225 mL; p=0.000) was less in group 2 than group 1. Group 2 also yielded a larger number of lymph nodes compared with group 1 (22.5 ± 11.1 vs 16.4 ± 7.4; p=0.007). Complication rates were similar between the two groups, with hoarseness developing in a significantly smaller number of patients in group 1 than group 2 (1% vs 21%; p=0.000). There was no significant difference between the two groups in one-year (78.3% vs 84.2%; p=0.345) and three-year (52.1% vs 62.7%; p=0.210) survival rates for group 1 (a double lumen endotracheal tube with left lung ventilation without pneumothorax) versus group 2 (a single lumen endotracheal tube with two-lung ventilation and right artificial pneumothorax).Conclusion: Esophageal mobilization based on PEL and the modularized lymph node dissection based on the AJCC cancer staging manual improves surgical outcomes.
WITHDRAWN: Grassland utilization estimation method and system based on environmental sense
Authors: Wang Chuanjian , Li Dong , Yan Tianying , Wang Qilei , Wang Ju , Bing Wanlong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The utilization of natural grassland is an important part of grazing animal husbandry. Effective monitoring and accurate estimation of the utilization of natural grassland is an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development of grazing animal husbandry. In order to estimate the utilization process of natural grassland effectively, this paper proposes a grassland utilization estimation method based on environmental sense. In this paper, the distribution of feed intake was obtained by the GPS track data, and the distribution of grassland biomass was obtained by the satellite remote sensing estimation model of natural grassland. The feed intake and grassland biomass are classified and compared respectively. According to the value of the two, the utilization of grassland in each region was obtained. And this study designed a grassland utilization estimating system based on this estimating method and 3S technology. The results show that this method is of great significance to the rational utilization of grassland and the implementation of rotational grazing. The system can provide decision-making basis for ranchers and grassland livestock management departments to manage grazing and grassland. It enables ranchers to make reasonable and effective grazing plans, so as to make balanced utilization of grassland resources and promote the sustainable development of grazing animal husbandry.