bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting 5- and 10-Year Mortality Risk in Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Griffith Kevin N. , Prentice Julia C. , Mohr David C. , Conlin Paul R. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
Several diabetes clinical practice guidelines suggest that treatment goals may be modified in older adults on the basis of comorbidities, complications, and life expectancy. The long-term benefits of treatment intensification may not outweigh short-term risks for patients with limited life expectancy. Because of the uncertainty of determining life expectancy for individual patients, we sought to develop and validate prognostic indices for mortality in older adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used a prevalence sample of veterans with diabetes who were aged ≥65 years on 1 January 2006 (N = 275,190). Administrative data were queried for potential predictors that included patient demographics, comorbidities, procedure codes, laboratory values and anthropomorphic measurements, medication history, and previous health service utilization. Logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions were used to identify variables independently associated with mortality. The resulting odds ratios were then weighted to create prognostic indices of mortality over 5 and 10 years.

RESULTS
Thirty-seven predictors of mortality were identified: 4 demographic variables, prescriptions for insulin or sulfonylureas or blood pressure medications, 6 biomarkers, previous outpatient and inpatient utilization, and 22 comorbidities/procedures. The prognostic indices showed good discrimination, with C-statistics of 0.74 and 0.76 for 5- and 10-year mortality, respectively. The indices also demonstrated excellent agreement between observed outcome and predictions, with calibration slopes of 1.01 for both 5- and 10-year mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Prognostic indices obtained from administrative data can predict 5- and 10-year mortality in older adults with diabetes. Such a tool may enable clinicians and patients to develop individualized treatment goals that balance risks and benefits of treatment intensification.
Análise da política de incentivos fiscais municipal
Authors: Griebeler Marcos Paulo Dhein , Silva Jarbas Freitas da , Allebrandt Sergio Luis 
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os efeitos da Lei Municipal n. 5.201/2013, após sua entrada em vigor entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, demonstrando de que forma os incentivos fiscais influenciaram nas finanças do Município de Osório/RS. Foram identificadas as políticas públicas fiscais, a expressividade dos benefícios fiscais concedidos, bem como a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do município. Verificou-se também se o equilíbrio fiscal foi comprometido e se a arrecadação de impostos foi impactada positivamente. Desenvolveu-se uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, optando-se pelo método do estudo de caso. A pesquisa contemplou, ainda, um roteiro de entrevistas para identificar a percepção dos beneficiados pelos incentivos fiscais e dos gestores públicos em relação aos resultados das políticas públicas fiscais, bem como se essas políticas vêm atingindo seus objetivos e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do município. O trabalho fornece subsídios que podem influenciar em futuras tomadas de decisões, no sentido de dar continuidade ou não em tal política pública. Foram identificadas fragilidades no programa municipal de desenvolvimento econômico e estruturadas propostas e ações que visam otimizar a aplicação e a avaliação das políticas públicas de incentivos fiscais em Osório/RS.
Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas. Incentivos Fiscais. Gestão Pública. Município de Osório. Desenvolvimento Local.
CT diagnostics and monitoring of the course of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the work of the “COVID-19 Hospital”, based on the Federal Specialized Medical Scientific Center
Authors: Kаrmаzаnovsky G. G. , Zamyatina K. A. , Stashkiv V. I. , Shantarevich M. Yu. , Kondratyev E. V. , Semenov F. M. , Kuznetsova S. Yu. , Kozlova A. V. , Plotnikov G. P. , Popov V. A. , Chupin A. V. , Gritskevich A. A. , Chililov A. M. , Pechetov A. A. , Kurochkina A. I. , Khokhlov V. A. , Kalinin D. V. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose. The research goal comprises primary analysis of CT examinations results and their interpretation by comparing with the data already available in the literature.Material and methods. During the period from April 17, 2020 to May 18, 2020, 830 chest CT scans were performed and results of 123 CDs with CT scans made by other institutions were interpreted. Follow-up examinations were carried out every 3–4 days or when clinical presentation changed. At the primary stage, we have analysed in a more detail way a group of 69 patients, who were diagnosed with CT-3 or CT-4 volume of lung damage at least once during hospitalization. The patients underwent PCR analysis three times during hospitalization. Among 69 patients, 34 patients had a positive PCR test at least once, the remaining 35 patients had a clinic, corresponding with this disease.Results. At the initial examination, ground-glass opacity prevailed, as it was observed in 44 cases (64%), and lung tissue consolidation was observed in 25 cases (36%) in a group of 69 patients. When comparing the two groups, the average age of the patients with consolidation changes was statistically significantly lower than one of the group where ground-glass opacity prevailed – 51.7 and 59.4 years, respectively (p = 0.01) In the group of patients with pulmonary tissue consolidation, there were fewer concomitant diseases, fatal outcomes, positive PCR test results, a shorter hospitalization period, and fewer cases of tocilizumab administration were noted. At the initial examination the average percentage of pulmonary parenchyma involvement in the group of patients with lung tissue consolidation was higher (63.3%; p = 0.04), follow-up examinations showed c statistically significantly lower average values of the increase in the percentage of involvement of the parenchyma, which acquired negative values after the third CT scan (8.3 after the 2nd CT and −5.2 after the 3rd CT versus 18.5 and 3 in the GGO glass group; p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). No visible differences in CT between the period from the onset of the disease and the predominant symptom in CT were revealed. Meanwhile, on the 5th day (the day of the check-up CT examination) the largest number of patients was determined in both groups.Conclusion. An analysis of our experience during the first month of operation of Covid-19 Hospital is presented. According to our data, the appearance of consolidation at the initial CT examination is probably not related to the period, when the disease has been in progress, and may be associated with a more favorable course of the process.
Evaluation of fMRI counting task efficiency for normal brain functional connectivity analisys during executive function examination
Authors: Morozova S, N. , Kremneva E. I. , Gadzhieva Z. Sh. , Akhmetzyanov B. M. , Krotenkova M. V. , Dobrynina L. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: to explore functional connectivity of the normal brain during Stroop test modification and new suggested counting test performance.Materials and methods. Data were acquired from 18 healthy volunteers who underwent fMRI examination on 3T scanner with Stroop test modification and new suggested counting test used as block paradigms.Results. Functional connectivity analysis showed involvement of similar regions but with different distribution of positive correlations between them: interhemispheric significant positive correlations during Stroop test modification performance were found between anterior insular cortex, interhemispheric significant positive correlations during counting test performance were found between dorsolateral prefrontal cortices bilaterally and inferior parietal cortices bilaterally. Different distribution of significant correlations could be due to specificity of tasks. Comparative analysis showed significantly higher positive correlations with occipital cortex during Stroop test performance.Conclusions. Received data allow alternative use of the abovementioned paradigms for executive functions investigation, with preference for counting test paradigm in patients with vision disturbances.
COVID-19. Diagnosis and treatment of lung damage
Authors: Yudin A. L. , Abovich Yu. A. , Yumatova E. A. , Bronov O. Yu. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. This publication is devoted to a brief review of the unresolved questions of medical imaging and treatment of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The analysis of publications for the first quarter of 2020 on radiation diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 with an emphasis on morpho-radiological comparisons was performed.Results. It was established that CT can be used for the initial “sorting” of patients in determining the need and conditions of hospitalization, but in the future, often leads to disagreement among pulmonologists and radiologists in assessing the dynamics of the development of the disease. In most patients with COVID-19, the pathomorphological and radiological patterns indicate the formation of the acute phase of diffuse alveolar damage, transforming into organizing pneumonia with typical CT manifestations. However, to date there are no established opinions on the management of patients with corresponding lung lesions.Conclusion. The literature data on the peculiarities of the pathomorphological and radiological patterns of COVID-19 COVID-19 justify the advisability of using corticosteroids in the treatment of this disease.
Evaluation of lung damage in pneumonia, from chest magnetic resonance imaging, in primary diagnosis and in the follow-up of treatment
Authors: Ussov W. Yu. , Nudnov N. V. , Ignatenko G. A. , Fisenko A. Yu. , Gulyaev V. M. , Maritskii S. V. , Kalyuzhin5 V. V. , Lukyanenok P. I. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the practical significance of MRI in the primary diagnosis of inflammatory lung diseases, as well as in follow-up control of treatment, also in comparison with the results of CT of the chest.Material and Methods. In 25 patients with acute pneumonia, six of them with acute myocardial infarction developed as complication of it, the MRI of the chest organs was performed in T1 - and T2-weighted (-w.) modes, also with fat signal suppression, with slice thickness of 2.5 to 5 mm, in a matrix of 256 × 256 or 256 ×392 pixels, with a scanning field of view as large as 40 x 40 cm. In T1-w. mode TR = 390–650 ms, TE = 10–15 ms. When T2-w. scanning, respectively, TR = 2900 -4000 ms, TE = 20–25 ms. Paramagnetic contrast enhancement was also carried out in 16 of 24 patients, at a dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight. Post-contrast images were acquired 12-17 minutes after the introduction of paramagnetic agent. In 17 out of 25 of our patients, chest CT was also performed.Results. The minimal cross-dimension of focal inflammatory lesions for community-acquired pneumonia, imaged with MRI chest scanning was as little as 9 х 21 mm. The dimensions of lung lesion obtained from the MRI scanning did correlate significantly with results of the CT (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). Also MRI of the lung did prove the successful cure of pneumonia. Also in six cases the MRI verified the acute myocardial infarction occurred as complication of severe pneumonia. Based on the results of MRI of the lungs and chest, the treatment strategy was supplemented in 16 cases and significantly changed in 9 cases.Conclusion. MRI of the lungs employing the T1- and T2-weighted protocols with fat suppression, diffusionweighted imaging and use of contrast enhancement delivers highly efficient technique of imaging of nodal, segment and lobe inflammation. MRI of the chest should be reasonably employed for diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in hospitals and diagnostic units possessing high- and middle-field MRI scanners able toacquire the images in breath-synchronised mode.
SISTEM ZA AUTOMATSKO OTVARANJE I ZATVARANJE AUTOMOBILSKIH VRATA SA DETEKCIJOM PREPREKE I MERENJEM UDALJENOSTI DO PREPREKE
Authors: Janjušević Jovan 
Published: June 2020

U radu je prikazan sistem za automatsko otvaranje i zatvaranje automobilskih vrata sa detekcijom prepreke i merenjem udaljenosti do prepreke, opisane su komponente i CAN komunikacija koja se koristi.
CURRICULUM RENEWAL FOR BETTER DESIGN-RELATED STUDENT OUTCOMES IN SECOND-YEAR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Potvin Gabriel , Verrett Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at UBC is currently undergoing a major curriculum renewal with the aim of modernizing the two undergraduate programs it offers to better prepare students for increasingly diverse industries. Part of this initiative aims to introduce design earlier and integrate it throughout the programs. At the core of the new 2nd year curriculum are two new courses: CHBE 220 and 221 – Fundamentals of Chemical and Biological Engineering I/II. CHBE 220 is taken in term 1 and replaces a previous classically-structured physical chemistry course and an introductory seminar on process technology. It focuses on basic chemical process design and analysis, drawing from thermodynamics and kinetics as needed to support design topics. CHBE 221, offered in term 2, replaces the previous introductory cell biology course, and focuses on industrial microbiology and bioprocess design, drawing from cell and molecular biology and physical chemistry as needed to support design tasks. Both courses include substantial term-spanning design projects. This paper outlines the content and structure of both courses and their place in the updated curriculum. It describes the integrated design projects and other course deliverables. Recommendations for future iterations of the courses are also presented.
Management of Gestation with Abnormal Invasive Placenta Complicated by an Extra-preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in a Tertiary Perinatal Centre
Authors: Mingaleva N. V. , Makukhina T. B. , Lebedenko E. S. , Anikina T. A. , Kotleva M. D. , Bana R. A. , Goncharenko K. V. , Zolotova T. B. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. Assessment of methods for prolonging gestation after an extra-preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in a patient with abnormal invasive placenta and the efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach for treatment of a combined obstetric pathology in a tertiary perinatal centre.Results. A clinical case is reported of PROM at 22+6 weeks’ gestation in a patient with two caesarean scars on the uterus and abnormal invasive placenta. In a tertiary perinatal centre, pregnancy was prolonged to 36+3 weeks’ term. The period between PROM and delivery was 96 days. A planned caesarean section and metroplasty were performed in the setting of temporary balloon occlusion of common iliac arteries. Blood loss was 75 mL/kg. Placenta increta without chorioamnionitis was confirmed histologically. The patient stayed in the intensive care unit for two days and was discharged home on the 8th day. The newborn was assigned the Apgar score of 6/6. For two days, ventilatory support was rendered in a neonatal intensive care unit. The newborn was diagnosed with congenital pneumonia, the first-degree hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system and transferred to the second phase of nursing.Conclusions. A multidisciplinary approach and high technology facilities in the setting of a tertiary perinatal centre allow to reduce perinatal losses and provide high-quality care to patients with an increased risk of massive blood loss with the capacity to manage organ-preserving operative delivery with full rehabilitation in the postoperative period.
Multiple Myeloma in the Practice of a Primary Care Physician: A Clinical Case
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Semenovikh E. A. , Gaysina E. S. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To demonstrate difficulties in diagnosing multiple myeloma at the out-patient stage on the example of a clinical case.Materials and methods. The course of establishing a diagnosis in a 58-year-old patient complaining of pain in the hip joint was analysed on the basis of the patient’s medical records both at the out-patient and in-patient stages.Results. A case of multiple myeloma occurring under the guise of common degenerative-dystrophic diseases is presented. An oncological diagnosis was suspected due to the patient’s complains of persistent pain, which was poorly relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain agents, and progressive changes in the general blood test (acceleration of ESR to 40 mm/h, and then to 50 mm/h; reduction of hemoglobin from 145 g/l to 134 g/l). The diagnostic search started with an ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs, which revealed both an extensive formation in the pelvis in the right iliac region and the lymphadenopathy of the inguinal lymph nodes. Subsequently, spiral computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and the pelvis was conducted. In all bones at the study level, multiple spherical solid formations with uneven contours causing destruction of bone tissue were detected, allowing myeloma to be suspected. The patient was referred to the Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary, where a percutaneous biopsy of the retroperitoneal neoplasm, as well as morphological and immunohistochemical studies, were carried out. As a result, the following diagnosis was established: multiple stage IIIA myeloma, first detected, with damage to the thoracic, lumbosacral spine, ribs, pelvic, and thigh bones. The patient was hospitalised in the Hematology Department of the First Republican Clinical Hospital, where he underwent chemotherapy according to the VCD scheme (bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphomide), and was discharged with improvement.Conclusion. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is a challenging task for a primary care physician due to the diversity of the clinical picture and the lack of clinical suspicion. At the same time, timely diagnosis of the disease at the out-patient stage can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment and, therefore, improve the prognosis. Thus, more attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system and multiple myeloma.
Clinical Features of Urinary Infections in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alekseenko I. V. , Ivanova L. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods. Pregnant women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were examined: 110 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (main group) and 133 without diabetes mellitus (comparison group). The diagnosis of UTI was based on the clinical picture (for manifestation forms) and confirmed by a dual culture method using both the classical approach and DipStreak tests. The determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to antibacterial drugs was carried out by the disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar using paper disks. Instrumental research included ultrasound of the kidneys, urinary tract and fetoplacental complex.Results. In the main group, UTIs were pyelonephritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) and low AB (102–104 CFU/ml) was detected in 38, 69 and 31 patients, respectively. In the comparison group, pyelonephritis, AB and low AB was detected in 41, 63 and 29 patients, respectively. In the main group, the classic course of pyelonephritis was observed in 44.7%, low-symptomatic — in 26.3%, “according to the type of carbohydrate metabolism decompensation” — in 21%, and the obstetric variant — in 7.9% of patients. In the comparison group, the classic version of pyelonephritis was in 70.7%, low-symptomatic — in 24.4%, asymptomatic — in 4.9%. Bilateral pyelonephritis in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus prevailed over unilateral: 65.8 vs 34.2%. During AB, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia was observed in 23.1% (n = 16), the threat of pregnancy termination in 53.6% (n = 37), and moderate preeclampsia in 17.4% (n = 12). In patients with low AB, glycemia above the target values was recorded in 16.1% (n = 5), the threat of pregnancy termination in 38.7% (n = 12), and moderate preeclampsia in 12.9% (n = 4).Conclusion. Based on the specifics of the clinical manifestations of UTIs in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the following types of pyelonephritis can be distinguished: classic, low-symptom, “decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism” and obstetric. The classical course of pyelonephritis in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus is statistically significantly less common (p <0.05) as compared with pregnant women without diabetes mellitus. The features of AB in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus are the development of hyperglycemia and obstetric complications.
Fulvic Acid: an Active Food Additive or Medication?
Authors: Benderskii N. S. , Kudelina O. M. , Gantsgorn E. V. , Safronenko A. V. 
Published: June 2020

This review article is devoted to the fundamental task of pharmacology, i.e. the research and discovery of novel medications that render the maximal therapeutic effect at the minimal side consequences to health. Over recent years, the world has witnessed a growing interest towards natural organic compounds on the basis of humic substances (HS), which are broadly applied in animal husbandry, agriculture and veterinary medicine due to a wide spectrum of biologically active properties. The results of chemical and biological trials demonstrate that HS have a great potential for various fields of medicine.Numerous studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective, antioxidant, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiallergic, membranotropic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of HS. In addition, these substances exhibit a stimulating effect on metabolism, thus enhancing specific and non-specific organismal resistance. Published evidence suggests no toxicity of HS and no inherent teratogenic, embryotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic properties.Fulvic acid (FA) belongs to humic acids, a family of HS. In the present study, we review its chemical properties and biological activity from the standpoint of traditional medicine. Understanding biological properties of FA and its usage in novel drug design is a perspective avenue of research in contemporary medicine.Published sources referenced in this review are indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, PubMed and other relevant databases.