bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome
Authors: Rana Mandeep , Torres Alcy R. , Hon Kam Lun , Leung Alexander K.C. , Jonas Rinat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFebrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset or variant of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in children. FIRES is characterized by the occurrence of a febrile episode between 24 hours and 2 weeks before the onset of refractory status epilepticus. A infectious cause is rarely identified in FIRES and an inflammatory or autoimmune etiology is implied. Seizures in FIRES are very difficult to control, and treatments include antiepileptic drugs, ketogenic diet, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and corticosteroid therapy. The prognosis for patients with FIRES is poor, and most children are left with refractory epilepsy and cognitive impairment. The new consensus guidelines on the terminology of FIRES and recent interest in new treatment approaches have been welcome developments for clinicians who face the challenge of diagnosing and managing status epilepticus in a previously healthy child that occurs following a minor febrile episode. This review aims to provide clinicians with an update on the current hypotheses for the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, management, and future directions in the diagnosis and treatment of FIRES.
Association of Increased Red Cell Distribution Width with Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Joshi Jaya , Bishen Kundendu Arya , Gehi Sonam , Kumar Pratiksha , Singh Anand Krishna , Gupta Puneet 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is associated with nutritional deficiencies—primarily of iron and vitamins and usually seem to be associated with anemia. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is one of the routinely assessed parameters in complete blood picture analysis of any patient. It measures range of variation in erythrocyte size. A high RDW value has been associated to adverse outcomes in several diseases and risk of death. However, the relationship of RDW and OSMF is yet to be established.
Aim To analyze the association of RDW levels and other erythrocytic indices with clinical staging and prognosis of OSMF patients.
Materials and Methods Analysis of clinical stage and hematologic status of 86 patients comprising the study group (OSMF cases and OSMF with malignant changes) and control group was performed. It was done using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance test.
Results The values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were below normal from the onset of oral submucous fibrosis and they continued to decrease as the disease progressed. On other hand, RDW values were found to be in normal range in initial stages of disease and they became high in stage IV OSMF and increased further in OSMF patients with malignant changes.
Conclusion We observed that higher values of RDW are strongly and independently associated with OSMF and OSCC, suggesting that RDW may contribute as most economic novel biochemical marker for progression and malignant transformation of OSMF.
Extensor digitorum brevis manus - its incidence and clinical insight
Authors: Desai Rajeev R , Desai Ashwini R , Ambali Manoj P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Extensor digitorwn brevis manus is an accessory muscle on the dorsum of the hand. It lies in the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist. Its occurrence is relatively rare. Incidence of this muscle is 4% in the general population. Presence of this muscle is usually asymptomatic but rarely it may produce painful swelling which can be misdiagnosed as lipoma or ganglion or synovial cyst. Aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of extensor digitorwn brevis manus muscle in Indian cadavers. Material and Methods : Study was conducted on 64 human hands of adult Indian cadavers of unknown age and sex in the department of anatomy. A longitudinal incision was placed on the dorsum of hand along the axis of middle finger, skin flaps were raised both on radial and ulnar side. A transverse incision was taken at metacarpo-phalangeal joints from second to fifth fingers. Dorsum of each hand was dissected carefully to see the presence of extensor digitorwn brevis manus. Results: We found extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle in 3 hands [rt.-1; It. - 2] out of 64, i.e. 4.68%. Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of this muscle present in the extensor compartment may be helpful in planning tendon transfer or graft surgeries Therefore, the knowledge of these variant muscles may be important.
Wireless, battery-free subdermally implantable photometry systems for chronic recording of neural dynamics
Authors: Burton Alex , Obaid Sofian N. , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Schmit Matthew B. , Stuart Tucker , Cai Le , Chen Zhiyuan , Kandela Irawati , Haney Chad R. , Waters Emily A. , Cai Haijiang , Rogers John A. , Lu Luyao , Gutruf Philipp 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Monitoring neuronal activity with cell specificity in freely behaving animal models can yield insights into underpinning operating mechanisms of the brain. Dynamics of genetically targeted neuronal populations can be recorded through calcium indicators; however, current tools for such measurements are only available with tethers or large and heavy externalized head stages, with potential to influence behaviors of the test subjects and to limit experimental paradigms to simple two-dimensional arenas. Here, we introduce highly miniaturized, wireless, battery-free, and subdermally implantable photometry systems that bypass these limitations to enable chronic recording of neural dynamics in ethologically relevant environments with no impact on test subject behavior. This technology has potential for broad utility in neuroscience research and can enable fundamentally new experiments in neuronal dynamics and simultaneous behavior studies.
What are the guiding principles in the evolution of language: Paradigmatics or syntagmatics?
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe main designs of modern theories of syntax assume a process of syntagmatic organization. However, research on first language acquisition leaves no doubt that the structured combination of single lexical items cannot begin until a critical mass of lexical items has been acquired such that the lexicon is structured hierarchically on the basis of hierarchical feature bundling. Independent of a decision between the main views about the design of a proto language (the grammarless “Holophrastic view”,Arbib & Bickerton 2010: 1,Bickerton 2014) or the ‘Compositional View’ as taken byRizzi (2010),Carstairs-McCarthy (2010), and others. What seems to be the minimal offset for language is the existence of grammatical categories like verb and noun, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, functional categories as needed for the expression of all kinds of agreement between the distinct categories to form recursively structured complexes. I follow the different stages of complexification asking whether there is paradigmatic next to syntagmatic organization and what its added value is for the evolution of grammar. The conclusion will be that paradigmatics is an indismissible part of the organization of early language in that it structures the lexicon so as to make primary and secondary syntactic merge possible and, consequently, is also a prerequisite for movement. The guiding idea of this position is Roman Jakobson’s insistence on the twofold organization of language and grammar. The two organizational designs, syntagmatics and paradigmatics, are manifest within each module: in the phonetic, the morphological, the syntactic, the semantic, and the pragmatic form (consider Jakobson’s1971a,breiterated argument).
Non-canonical case marking on subjects in Russian and Lithuanian
Authors: Magnani Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn case-marking languages with nominative-accusative alignment the subject of a sentence is usually marked by nominative case. In some of these languages, however, the subject of a number of verbs is either consistently or alternately marked by another, non-nominative case. Such non-canonical case marking has often been approached in the linguistic literature as a phenomenon at the interface between syntax and semantics. Yet the predictions of this kind of approach seem more probabilistic than regular. This paper offers a new perspective to analyse the phenomenon, which encompasses the role of information structure in case marking. Drawing onSilverstein’s (1976)theory of differential subject marking andDalrymple & Nikolaeva’s (2011)approach to differential object marking, it is argued that non-canonically case-marked subjects can be better analysed as instances of either non-topical subjects or subjects lacking one or more semantic features typical of topicality. The approach outlined in the paper is tested on a number of constructions in Russian and Lithuanian. It is shown how, in both languages, the analysed instances of non-canonically case-marked subjects exhibit a complex interplay among grammatical, semantic and discourse-pragmatic factors.
Idea-based and image-based linguacultures
Authors: Durst-Andersen Per , Barratt Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate whether or not cultural cognitive differences between Western and East Asian countries should be taken seriously we compared the empirical results from studies of perception and cognition involving primarily American and Chinese people to linguistic data from exactly the same areas in American English and Mandarin Chinese. What we found were systematic language parallels to the perceptual and cognitive differences found in empirical studies. Our linguistic analysis did not only reveal that the differences should be taken seriously, but also that it seems to be possible to trace them back to different perspectives involved: The Anglo-American culture has an idea-based perspective, while the Mandarin Chinese culture has an image-based perspective to what appears to be a common basis for both Americans and Chinese in all other respects. The difference in perspective is, for instance, reflected in the two very different writing systems.
Conceptualizing Brexit
Authors: Tincheva Nelly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrexit, i.e. the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), is a major event not only in European but also in global politics. Its effect is still to be witnessed and its future impact is debated from a variety of angles – social, economic, cultural, ethnic, religious, etc. The present paper offers a cognitive linguistic perspective on the phenomenon. It aims to investigate the conceptual metaphorization of Brexit on the first days after the 2016 referendum. That period seems of special importance as, arguably, it was then that for many UK citizens, Brexit suddenly became part of reality and not just a hypothetical possibility.The paper presents data on the dynamics of employing different source domains on each of the first 4 days after the referendum. The main objective is to isolate regularities and tendencies in how the selected culturally-significant source domains help structure the concept. The analysis of the dataset of English-language EU online media texts appearing on the first 4 post-referendum days reveals that the most prominent source domains in the metaphoric conceptualization ofbrexitaredivorce, a natural disasterandpart of a journey.
Does expressing emotions in the local language help migrants acculturate?
Authors: Panicacci Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious research has shown that emotional patterns are modified by linguistic and cultural influence. The present paper adopts a different perspective on the topic, investigating whether expressing emotions in the local language (LX) could predict migrants’ acculturation attitudes towards the heritage (L1) and the host (LX) cultures. Quantitative results from 468 migrants, supported by insights from 5 interviews, indicated that a frequent use of the LX for expressing anger, love and for swearing was linked to higher levels of acculturation to the LX culture. Specifically, the LX use for expressing anger and love explained 9.1% of the variance on migrants’ LX culture acculturation, where the LX use for expressing anger was by far the best predictor. Conversely, participants’ attachment to L1 cultural practices proved unrelated to their linguistic preferences for expressing emotions. Findings provide evidence that a language can be a strong emotional bond, able to orient migrants’ acculturation attitudes.
“Doctor, I disagree”
Authors: Labrie Nanon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In medical consultations, disagreements may arise. Yet, patients’ predisposition to engage in a discussion with their doctors to resolve these disagreements may vary. This study aims to develop and validate a measurement tool to assess patient argumentativeness (P-ARG) in general practice. Starting from the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation and Infante and Rancer’s (1982) argumentativeness scale, scale items were developed and subsequently administered to 183 participants. Principal component analysis was conducted to explore the scale structure. Also, convergent and concurrent validity were assessed. The results confirmed a two-factor scale structure and provided preliminary support for its validity. While further refinement is required, the (preliminary) P-ARG scale can be used for research purposes by medical argumentation as well as health communication scholars, e.g., to explore the relationships between doctors’ provision of argumentation, patients’ perspectives thereof, and patient argumentativeness.
Effects of forearm wearable resistance on acceleration mechanics in collegiate track sprinters
Authors: Uthoff Aaron M. , Nagahara Ryu , Macadam Paul , Neville Jono , Tinwala Farhan , Graham Scott P. , Cronin John B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArm action is critical for optimising sprinting performance. This study aimed to examine overground sprinting performance and step characteristics during unloaded and 2% body mass (BM) forearm wearable resistance loaded sprinting. Fourteen collegiate male track sprinters performed unloaded and forearm loaded sprints over thirty metres of in‐ground force plates. Step kinematics and relative kinetics were compared between the unloaded and forearm loaded conditions over four acceleration phases (i.e. steps 1–4, 5–8, 9–12 and 13–16). Affixing 2% BM loads to the forearms did not significantly alter 0–30‐m sprint times (p > 0.05; −1.38 to −1.75%; ES = −0.38 to −0.54). Sprinting with forearm loads resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in relative propulsive impulse (5.48%; ES = 1.09) and step length (4.01%; ES = 1.04) over the 1st acceleration phase. Relative vertical impulse was the only variable to change over the middle two acceleration phases (3.94–4.18%; ES = 0.77–1.00). Over the last acceleration phase stride frequency was lower (−4.86%, ES = −0.92), yet both flight time (7.70%; ES = 0.79) and vertical impulse (4.12%; ES = 0.89) increased. These findings provide interesting programming implications for coaches who wish to improve the determinants of sprinting via dedicated and specific arm loaded training. Sprinting with forearm loads may be used to develop longer stride lengths by generating greater horizontal propulsion during early acceleration and promote alterations to step frequency and flight time imposed through greater vertical loading demands over the later phases of accelerated sprinting.
Time evolution of energy use intensities and energy gap of existing Hellenic non-residential buildings
Authors: Droutsa K G , Balaras C A , Lykoudis S , Kontoyiannidis S , Dascalaki E G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work exploits data from the energy performance certificates (EPCs) of the national electronic repository, to characterize the energy use intensity (EUI) of non-residential (NR) buildings in Greece and investigate the gap between the nominal needs and the actual energy use. Over the past eight years, a total of about 1,500,000 EPCs have been issued for various building types, out of which 17.5% for NR buildings. As the national EPC database is progressively enriched with more data, the work considers the time evolution of the average EUI and analyse the available data in order to determine whether they can be regarded as typical and representative for the Hellenic building stock. When available, data on actual energy use of the buildings is used in an attempt to close the gap between calculated (asset) and actual (operational) energy use. The data is organized in terms of different end uses and used to generate empirical correction factors that relate the normative calculated heating energy consumption with the actual energy use. These factors can be used to make more realistic estimates of the energy performance of buildings that undergo different refurbishments at national level.
Seasonal heat performances of air-to-water heat pumps in the Greek climate
Authors: Mouzeviris G A , Papakostas K T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the implementation of the European Union (EU) Energy-related Products (ErP) Directive, heat pumps (HPs) and in particular air-to-water heat pumps (AWHPs), are expected to be widely installed in heating systems of residential and of the tertiary sector buildings. Heat pumps are nowadays regarded as a key technology for achieving the EU strategy towards nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs) and for reducing the fossil primary energy consumption and the related CO2 emissions. The awareness of HPs seasonal efficiency, which is affected by multiple parameters, is very important for choosing the best heat pump technology and the right equipment in a heating or cooling installation. The aim of this paper is to provide the Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) of various AWHPs available in the Greek market from various manufacturers and installed in buildings located in the four Greek climate zones (A, B, C, D). The calculations are performed according to EN 14825 by using temperature data of four representative cities, one for each zone. Numerical results show the influence of various parameters, like HP’s compressor technology, water outlet temperature, and weather compensation to SCOP value, and highlight the importance of climate data for the accuracy of seasonal performance estimation.
Assessing the impact of climate change on energy retrofit of alpine historic buildings: consequences for the hygrothermal performance
Authors: Hao L. , Herrera D. , Troi A. , Petitta M. , Matiu M. , Del Pero C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Climate change will affect future hygrothermal performance of buildings. This could lead to higher risks regarding energy optimization, thermal comfort and historic building conservation depending on the local climate, building construction and retrofit solutions adopted. This paper explores the risks brought by climate change on a typical residential historic building of South Tyrol. The results obtained show that, although the climate warming will reduce the future heating energy demand, an improvement of buildings’ energy performance will still be necessary to increase sustainability and ensure their continued use. Natural ventilation would suffice to prevent overheating in the studied location, but a further analysis is needed for warmer alpine regions. Regarding the moisture-related risks for the historic construction, mould growth should be considered when retrofitting a wooden wall and frost damage should be carefully studied in the case of sandstone walls.
Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors for tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Khorassani Farah , Luther Kiranjit , Talreja Om 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence for valbenazine and deutetrabenazine use for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD).SummaryA literature search was conducted to gather relevant data regarding the use of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine for TD management. PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following keywords and MeSH terms: valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, tardive dyskinesia, VMAT2 inhibitors, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses published in English from April 2015 to August 2019 were included. Valbenazine 40–80 mg and deutetrabenazine 12–36 mg per day have been evaluated for the treatment of TD. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores decline similarly (by 2–5 points) with use of either agent. AIMS response rates, defined by a 50% decline in symptoms, range from 33% to 50%. Both agents are well tolerated, with somnolence and akathisia reported most frequently (at low rates). Agent selection may be guided by manufacturer labeling recommendations for special populations and cost considerations.ConclusionsValbenazine and deutetrabenazine were demonstrated to be effective in decreasing AIMS scores and were well tolerated in randomized controlled trials. These treatments may be considered as a next-line option when traditional strategies are not feasible or are ineffective. Head-to-head studies are warranted to decipher if either agent is preferable in terms of efficacy or tolerability.
Dose, Timing, and Spectrum of Prenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Turi Kedir N , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Ding Tan , Abreo Andrew , Stone Cosby , Hartert Tina V , Wu Pingsheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The potential for prenatal antibiotic exposure to influence asthma risk is not clear. We aimed to determine the effect of timing, dose, and spectrum of prenatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods
We conducted a population-based cohort study of 84 214 mother–child dyads to examine the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Sixty-four percent of pregnant women received antibiotics. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated dose-dependently with increased odds of childhood asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for interquartile increase of 2 courses [interquartile range, 0–2], 1.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.20–1.33]). Among children exposed to at least 1 course in utero, the effect of timing at the first course was moderated by total maternal courses. Among pregnant women receiving a single antibiotic course, timing of exposure had no effect on childhood asthma risk. Among women receiving &gt; 1 course, early exposure of the first course was associated with greater childhood asthma risk. Compared to narrow spectrum–only antibiotic use, broad spectrum–only antibiotic exposure was associated with increased odds of asthma (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05–1.24]). There were effect modifications (P &lt; .001) by maternal asthma on total courses, and on timing of the first course, significant only among those without maternal asthma.

Conclusions
Increased cumulative dose, early pregnancy first course, and broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure were associated with childhood asthma risk. Our study provides important evidence supporting judicious prenatal antibiotic use, particularly timing of use and choice of antibiotics, in preventing subsequent childhood asthma.