bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotic of Symbolic Mode in Interpreting Mythology in English Poetry
Authors: Mulyoso Mulyoso 
Published: December 2020

This paper is primarily based on the assumption that we need theories of literature in order to interpret the literary texts and explain literature as a unique form of communication. The so -- far traditional efforts of treating literary study as an intuitive analysis has contributed to the harsh criticism on the study of literature as merely ' the reading and understanding of literature'. Literature teaching has given too much emphasis on the enjoying and understanding of a literary piece, that is to say that merely by understanding the meaning of the language of a text, its cultural references, one is said to be in a position to respond critically to that text thus there is no need for interpretation beyond that. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to interpret a literary text (mythology in English poetry) beyond its literal level by the use of semiotics of symbolic mode approach which allows the intratextual and intratextual analysis.
Language Learning Strategies: Classification and Pedagogical Implication
Authors: Setiyadi Ag. Bambang 
Published: December 2020

Many studies have been conducted to explore language learning strategies (Rubin, 1975, Naiman et.al., 1978; Fillmore, 1979; O'Malley et.al.,1985 and 1990; Politzer and Groarty, 1985; Prokop, 1989; Oxford, 1990; and Wenden, 1991). In the current study a total of 79 university students participating in a 3- month English course participated. This study attempted to explore what language learning strategies successful learners used and to what extent the strategies contributed to success in learning English in Indonesia. Factor analyses, accounting for 62.1%, 56.0%, 41.1% and 43.5% of the varianceof speaking, listening, reading and writing measures in the language learningstrategy questionnaire, suggested that the questionnaire constituted threeconstructs. The three constructs were named metacognitive strategies, deep level cognitive and surface level cognitive strategies. Regression analyses, performed using scales based on these factors revealed significant main effects for the use of the language learning strategies in learning English, constituting 43% of the variance in the posttest English achievement scores. An analysis of variance of the gain scores of the highest, middle, and the lowest groups of performers suggested a greater use of metacognitive strategies among successful learners and a greater use of surface level cognitive strategies among unsuccessful learners. Implications for the classroom and future re-search are also discussed.
Maximing Learning Strategies To Pomote Learner Autonomy
Authors: Mistar Junaidi 
Published: December 2020

Learning a new language is ultimately to be able to commu nicate with it. Encouraging a sense of responsibility on the part of the learners is crucial for training them to be proficient communicators. As such, understanding the strategies that they employ in acquiring the language skill is important to come to ideas of how to promote learner autonomy. Research recently conducted with three different groups of learners of English at the tertiary education level in Malang indicated that they used metacognitive and social strategies at a high frequency, while memory, cognitive, compensation, and affective strategies were exercised at a medium frequency. This finding implies that the learners have acquired some degrees of autonomy because metacognitive strategies requires them to independently make plans for their learning activities as well as evaluate the progress, and social strategies requires them to independently enhance communicative interactions with other people. Further actions are then to be taken to increase their learning autonomy, that is by intensifying the practice of use of the other four strategy categories, which are not yet applied intensively.
Vocabulary Analysis On Reading Texts Used By EFL Students
Authors: Sutyarsah C. 
Published: December 2020

The vocabulary in the texts is the aspect that needs to identify. It is claimedthat the condition of the words in a text has a great influence to readers' comprehension. It is also commonly believed that comprehension depends on the extent that the words in a text are familiar to the readers. This case study was carried out in the English Education Department of University of Malang. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the vocabulary in the text and to seek if the text is useful for reading skill development. The reading materials under investigation were a collection of reading passages based on the syllabus (Reading Comprehension I) and limited to the passages that were used in class during the second semester, 1999. Based on the nature of the investigation, a descriptive qualitative design was applied to obtain the data. For this purpose, some available computer programs were used. They were used to find the description of vocabulary in the texts. The vocabulary analyses in the texts reveal some constrains. It was found that the texts, containing 7,945 words of 20 different texts, are dominated by low frequency words which account for 16.97% of the words in the texts. In terms of high frequency words occurring in the texts, function words dominate the texts. Of the 50 most frequent words, only two content words (people and say) were found. In the case of word level, it was found that the texts being used have very limited number of words from GSL (General Service List of English Words) (West, 1953). The proportion of the first 1,000 words of GSL only accounts for 44.6%. The data also show that the texts contain too large proportion of words which are not in the three levels (the first 2,000 and UWL). These words account for 26.44% of the running words in the texts. Based on the findings, some conclusions were drawn, it is believed that the constraints are due to the selection of the texts which are made of a series of short-unrelated texts (20 different topics). This kind of text is subject to the accumulation of low frequency words especially those of content words and limited of words from GSL. This vocabulary condition could defeat the development of students' readingskills and vocabulary enrichment.
DEVELOPING A MODEL OF TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION FOR EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Hamra Arifuddin , Syatriana Eny 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at designing a model of teaching reading comprehension based on the objectives of teaching reading at the senior high school and the teachers’ understanding of the school curriculum and to describe the implementation of the model. The subject consisted of 24 teachers, 167 students of five SMAs (senior high schools) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This developmental study had five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The result indicates that the model significantly increases the reading comprehension of EFL students (M= -14.43114), t(166) = -16.155, p <.05. The teachers and students stated that the learning condition, teaching and learning process, reading comprehension, instructional reading materials, and teachers’ teaching performance were well established. This interactive model improved the reading comprehension of the students significantly. Thus, it is an alternative model of teaching reading for EFL students.
LANGUAGE AND GENDER IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Mahmud Murni 
Published: December 2020

his paper highlights the impact ofgender differences in English Language Teaching. It explores students’ learning styles as affected by the notions about men and women differences in communication. The data collected in 2008 from 20 males and 20 females’ English students of the State University of Makassar. It is to reveal their attitudes towards speaking to different sex, strategy to express opinion, group work preferences, activeness/passiveness, and their perception to increase English skills dealing with sex difference. It is revealed that female than male students were reluctant to speak to different sex; females preferred the direct way to express opinions (writing), work with the same sex, and tended to be passive in class. In addition, females saw the high possibility to increase their English skills by working with the same sex but the reverse is true for males. These differentstyles of female and male students in learning English were affected by the notions of women’s language.
LANGUAGE PROBLEMS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS: LIMITING THE SCOPE
Authors: Kadarisman A. Effendi 
Published: December 2020

This article critically discusses the paradigmatic shift in applied linguistics, resulting in a claim that countless real-world language problems fall within its scope, but in reality they weaken the discipline and make it lack a focus. Then it takes a closer look at the nature of these language problems, and picks out, for analysis, real examples of writing problems in ELT in Indonesian context. It further argues that, by focusing primarily on problems in ELT and SLA, applied linguistics reaffirms its well-defined position and underscores its significant contributions to both disciplines. Finally, it concludes the discussion by adding some notes on the question of autonomy in both applied linguistics and in ELT in Indonesia.
STRATEGIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING SKILL BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SPEAKING PROFICIENCY
Authors: Mistar Junaidi , Umamah Atik 
Published: December 2020

This paper was a subset report of a research project on skill-based English learning strategies by Indonesian EFL learners. It focusses on the attempts to reveal: (1) the differences in the use of strategies of learning speaking skill by male and female learners, and (2) the contribution of strategies of learning speaking skill on the learners' speaking proficiency. The data from 595 second year senior high school students from eleven schools in East Java, Indonesia were collected using a 70 item questionnaire of Oral Communication Learning Strategy (OCLS) and a 10 item self-assessment of speaking proficiency. The statistical analysis revealed that gender provided significant effects on the intensity of use of six types of strategies of learning speaking skill – interactional-maintenance, self-evaluation, fluency-oriented, time gaining, compensation, and interpersonal strategies – with female learners reporting higher intensity of use. A further analysis found that four strategy types – interactional-maintenance, self-improvement, compensation, and memory strategies – greatly contribute to the speaking proficiency. These findings imply that strategies-based instruction, covering the four most influential strategies, needs to be integrated explicitly in the speaking class to help learners, particularly male learners, cope with problems in learning speaking skill.
￼AGE, GENDER AND GRADE EFFECT ON FOREIGN ￼LANGUAGE ANXIETY AMONG CHILDREN
Authors: Aydin Selami , Harputlu Leyla , Çelik Şeyda Savran , Uştuk Özgehan , Güzel Serhat 
Published: December 2020

The number of studies on the relationship between certain demo- graphic variables, age, gender and grade, and the levels of foreign language anxiety (FLA) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context regarding adult and young learners is fairly limited, whereas the findings obtained from prior studies did not reach a consensus on the influences of FLA, and studies mainly focused on adult language learners rather than young learners. This study aims to explore the effect of age, gender and grade differences on FLA and its types, communication apprehension, fear of negative evaluation and test anxiety, among Turkish children who learn English as a foreign language. The participants were 494 children enrolled at primary and secondary schools. The data collection tools were a background questionnaire interrogating the variables mentioned and the Children’s Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (CFLAS). After computing the reliability coefficient of the scale and total variance, independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used to see the relationships between the levels of FLA and its types and subject variables, age, gender, and grade. The results showed that age, gender, and grade constitute significant differences regarding FLA and its types, when several items in the CFLAS were considered. In the light of findings, several practical recommendations are listed.
Historical Earthquake Scenarios for the Middle Strand of the North Anatolian Fault Deduced from Archeo-Damage Inventory and Building Deformation Modeling
Authors: Benjelloun Yacine , de Sigoyer Julia , Dessales Hélène , Baillet Laurent , Guéguen Philippe , Sahin Mustafa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe city of İznik (ancient Nicaea), located on the middle strand of the North Anatolian fault zone (MNAF), presents outstanding archeological monuments preserved from the Roman and Ottoman periods (first to fifteenth centuries A.D.), bearing deformations that can be linked to past seismic shaking. To constrain the date and intensity of these historical earthquakes, a systematic survey of earthquake archeological effects (EAEs) is carried out on the city’s damaged buildings. Each of the 235 EAEs found is given a quality ranking, and the corresponding damage is classified according to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98). We show that the walls oriented north–south were preferentially damaged, and that most deformations are perpendicular to the walls’ axes. The date of postseismic repairs is constrained with available archeological data and new C14 dating of mortar charcoals. Three damage episodes are evidenced: (1) between the sixth and late eighth centuries, (2) between the nineth and late eleventh centuries A.D., and (3) after the late fourteenth century A.D. The repartition of damage as a function of building vulnerability points toward a global intensity VIII on the EMS-98. The 3D modeling of a deformed Roman obelisk shows that only earthquakes rupturing the MNAF can account for this deformation. Their magnitude can be bracketed between Mw 6 and 7. Our archeoseismological study complements the historical seismicity catalog and confirms paleoseismological data, suggesting several destructive earthquakes along the MNAF, since the first century A.D. We suggest the fault might still have accumulated enough stress to generate an Mw 7+ rupture.
BENOA BAY RECLAMATION: THE IMPACT OF POLICY-MAKING FOR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Adharani Yulinda , Astriani Nadia , Sarah Afifah Siti 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article to discover how policy-making that made by the Indonesia government related to the development of Bali Benoa Bay reclamation so that the environment around Benoa Bay stays sustain and the local community does not feel threatened by the development of Benoa Bay Reclamation, especially the Adat community.
Methodology: This article is a result of legal studies using the normative juridical method. First, a complete, thorough, and comprehensive approach becomes the base in identifying the subject matter of the problem. Second, it is made to know and understand the policy in settling the problems in spatial planning from the legal aspect of (Seokanto & Mamudji, 1994).
Main Findings: Policy change on Benoa Bay status affected social and environmental aspects. The policy that the Indonesia government made was led to a huge environmental impact on Benoa Bay. The status changed of Benoa Bay from a conservation area to an exploitation area can be a threat to the marine ecosystem and the migratory species, because in Presidential Regulation Number 54 the Year 2014 stated that it can develop reclamation in Benoa Bay.
Implications/Applications: This study discusses theories about environmental law, and analyzes them against cases so that sustainable development can be achieved. Policy or decision making must base on the use of the best information and the best science available, and in some situations, it is appropriate regarding environmental, social, and cultural factors.
Novelty/Originality of this study: As far as we are concerned, an environmental problem in Bali not particularly noticed in the development plan of the reclamation of Benoa Bay that caused by policy-making and the effect to the society and environment, this article is an attempt to viewed from a different side in addition to tourism in Bali.
Development of a stepwise tool to aide primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing in older persons
Authors: De las Salas Roxana , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier , Vaca-González Claudia , Rodríguez Dolores , Figueras Albert 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a stepwise tool to aid primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication in older persons.
Methods: We carried out a systematic review to identify previously published tools. A composite proposal of algorithm was made by following the steps from clinical experience to deprescribe medications. A 2-round electronic Delphi method was conducted to establish consensus. Eighteen experts from different countries (Colombia, Spain and Argentina) accepted to be part of the panel representing geriatricians, internists, endocrinologist, general practitioners, pharmacologists, clinical pharmacists, family physicians and nurses. Panel members were asked to mark a Likert Scale from 1 to 9 points (1= strongly disagree, 9= strongly agree). The content validity‏ ratio, item-level content validity, and Fleiss’ Kappa statistics was measured to establish reliability. The same voting method was used for round 2.
Results: A 7-question algorithm was proposed. Each question was part of a domain and conduct into a decision. In round 1, a consensus was not reached but statements were grouped and organized. In round 2, the tool met consensus. The inter-rater reliability was between substantial and almost perfect for questions with Kappa=0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.93), for domains with Kappa= 0.73 (95%CI 0.60-0.86) and for decisions with Kappa= 0.97 (95%CI 0.90-1.00).
Conclusions: This is a novel tool that captures and supports healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making for deprescribing potentially inappropriate medication. This includes patient’s and caregiver’s preferences about medication. This tool will help to standardize care and provide guidance on the prescribing/deprescribing process of older persons’ medications. Also, it provides a holistic way to reduce polypharmacy and inappropriate medications in clinical practice.
Geograficidades nas Toadas do Bumba-meu-boi de Maracanã: dos Manifestos de Amor ao Lugar às Possibilidades na Gestão da APA da Região de Maracanã, São Luís - MA, Brasil
Authors: CORREIA FABIANA PEREIRA , RISSO LUCIENE CRISTINA 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa fenomenológica sobre sentidos de lugar e geograficidades na gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Região de Maracanã, localizada no município de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão. O principal objetivo é refletir sobre as geograficidades expressas nas toadas do Bumba-meu-Boi de Maracanã, visando demonstrar seu potencial na gestão da APA. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos, se destacam: revisão teórica, participação em eventos do Bumba-meu-Boi, consultas a jornais e sítios eletrônicos, registros fotográficos e conversas com representantes do Bumba-meu-Boi. Os resultados demonstram que as geograficidades identificadas são manifestos de topofilia, fatos relevantes à gestão pública da APA. Ademais, indicam a necessidade de incluir aspectos das geograficidades na gestão de territórios protegidos. Agradecemos à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA), bem como a todas as pessoas e instituições que apoiam a realização da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Topofilia. Cultura popular. Conservação ambiental.Geographicities in the Tunes of the Maracanã’s Bumba-meu-boi: from Manifests of Topophilia to Possibilities in the Management of the EPA of the Maracanã Region, São Luís - MA, BrazilABSTRACT This article results from a phenomenological research on meanings of place and geographicities in the management of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Maracanã Region, located in São Luís, Maranhão State. The main objective is to reflect about the geographicities expressed in the tunes of Maracanã’s Bumba-meu-Boi, to demonstrate its potential in EPA management. Among the methodological procedures, the following stand out: theoretical review, participation in Bumba-meu-Boi events, newspapers and websites searches, photographic register and conversations with representatives of Bumba-meu-Boi. The results show that the identified geographicities are manifest of topophilia, facts relevant to EPA's public management. Moreover, they indicate the need to include aspects of geographicities in the management of protected territories. We thank the Support Foundation for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão (FAPEMA), as well as all the people and institutions that support the research.Keywords: Topophilia. Popular culture. Environmental conservation.
O Lugar, A Velhice e A Mulher: Uma Leitura da Geograficidade no Conto “As Mimosas”
Authors: SILVA ROSÂNGELA GUEDÊLHA DA 
Published: December 2020

Apresenta-se a leitura do espaço no conto “As mimosas”, de Teolinda Gersão, a partir do conceito de “geograficidade” teorizado por Dardel (2015). Nessa narrativa, o quarto da idosa origina lugares distintos para a mãe senil inválida e sua única filha, Luísa. As experiências de perda de lugaridade e de intenso apinhamento, vivenciadas pela filha, permitem antever a ambivalência do espaço narrativo no qual se acham inscritos o gesto da filha abnegada que cuida da mãe senil e o mascaramento da sujeição feminina. Nessa situação, pesam a condição da mulher no contexto patriarcal e a exclusão na velhice, momento em que o mundo se torna, tão somente, um espaço para a protagonista. É um estudo bibliográfico, de base qualitativa, interdisciplinar, envolvendo a Literatura e a Geografia Humanista Cultural, com aporte teórico em Tuan (2012; 2013), Dardel (2015), Relph (2014) e importantes contribuições de Beauvoir (2018) e Bosi (2006) acerca da velhice.Palavras-chave: Geograficidade. Literatura portuguesa contemporânea. Teolinda Gersão.Place, Old Age and Woman: A Reading of Geographicity in the Tale “As Mimosas” ABSTRACTIt presents the reading of space in the short story “As Mimosas”, by Teolinda Gersão, based on the concept of “geographicity” theorized by Dardel (2015). In this narrative, the old woman's room it gives rise to distinct places for the invalid senile mother and her only daughter, Luisa. The experiences of loss of place and intense crowding experienced by the daughter allow us to foresee the ambivalence of the narrative space in which the gesture of the selfless daughter who cares for the senile mother and the masking of female subjection are inscribed. In this situation, weigh the condition of women in the patriarchal context and the exclusion in old age, when the world becomes only a space for the protagonist. It is a qualitative, interdisciplinary bibliographical study, involving Literature and Cultural Humanist Geography, with theoretical support in Tuan (2012; 2013), Dardel (2015), Relph (2014) and important contributions by Beauvoir (2018) and Bosi (2006) about old age.Keywords: Geographicity. Contemporary portuguese literature. Teolinda Gersão.