bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the metabolic effects of modified‐release hydrocortisone versus standard glucocorticoid replacement therapy in adults with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Bannon Christopher A. , Gallacher Daniel , Hanson Petra , Randeva Harpal S. , Weickert Martin O. , Barber Thomas M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextPublished studies exploring the metabolic effects of Modified‐Release Hydrocortisone (MR‐HC) replacement in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI).ObjectiveTo compare metabolic effects of MR‐HC with Standard Glucocorticoid (SG) replacement in adults with AI. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were meta‐analysed; non‐RCT studies described narratively with critical appraisal.Data sourcesPubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched to identify relevant articles, published before Aug 2019.Study selectionAll study types that reported metabolic profile (including anthropometric, glucose and lipid‐related parameters), on patients switched from SG to MR‐HC replacement. Following independent screening from two reviewers, 390 studies were identified, of which 9 studies were included for review (RCT, n = 2; non‐RCT, n = 7).Data extractionTwo independent reviewers assessed each paper for bias and data extraction.ResultsMeta‐analysis from RCTs (n = 2), 104 patients were switched from SG to MR‐HC replacement. Combining treatment effects, at 3‐months post‐therapy switch there was significant reduction in body weight (−0.82 kg; 95% CI: −1.24 kg to −0.40 kg; P < .001) and HbA1c (−0.13%; 95% CI: −0.214% to −0.045%; P = .003). In the sub‐group with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), reduction in HbA1C was more pronounced (−0.52%; 95% CI: −0.82% to −0.23%; P < .001). Non‐RCT studies showed improved anthropometric measures and glucose metabolism up to 48‐months following switch from SG to MR‐HC replacement.ConclusionsIn adults with AI, replacement with MR‐HC associates with significant improvements in anthropometric measurements and HbA1c compared with SG replacement, particularly those with DM.
Fetal megacystis‐microcolon: Genetic mutational spectrum and identification of PDCL3 as a novel candidate gene
Authors: Billon Clarisse , Molin Arnaud , Poirsier Céline , Clemenson Alix , Dauge Coralie , Grelet Maude , Sigaudy Sabine , Patrier Sophie , Goldenberg Alice , Layet Valérie , Tantau Julia , Fleury Clémence , Liard Agnès , Diguet Alain , Fritih Radia , Verspyck Eric , Rendu John , Boutaud Lucile , Tessier Aude , Thomas Sophie , Razavi Ferechté , Achaiaa Amale , Elkhartoufi Nadia , Hakkakian Leila , Magnin Eglantine , Bôle‐Feysot Christine , Masson Cécile , Ville Yves , Roth Philippe , Prieur Fabienne , Bessieres Bettina , Bonniere Maryse , Attie‐Bitach Tania 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMegacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal‐hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a severe congenital visceral myopathy characterized by an abdominal distension due to a large non‐obstructed urinary bladder, a microcolon and intestinal hypo‐ or aperistalsis. Most of the patients described to date carry a sporadic heterozygous variant in ACTG2. More recently, recessive forms have been reported and mutations in MYH11, LMOD1, MYLK and MYL9 have been described at the molecular level. In the present report, we describe five patients carrying a recurrent heterozygous variant in ACTG2. Exome sequencing performed in four families allowed us to identify the genetic cause in three. In two families, we identified variants in MMIHS causal genes, respectively a nonsense homozygous variant in MYH11 and a previously described homozygous deletion in MYL9. Finally, we identified compound heterozygous variants in a novel candidate gene, PDCL3, c.[143_144del];[380G>A], p.[(Tyr48Ter)];[(Cys127Tyr)]. After cDNA analysis, a complete absence of PDLC3 expression was observed in affected individuals, indicating that both mutated transcripts were unstable and prone to mediated mRNA decay. PDCL3 encodes a protein involved in the folding of actin, a key step in thin filament formation. Presumably, loss‐of‐function of this protein affects the contractility of smooth muscle tissues, making PDCL3 an excellent candidate gene for autosomal recessive forms of MMIHS.
Introduction: Asian Cities and Urban Settlers
Authors: Sand Jordan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay introduces six studies based on oral history and ethnography in spontaneous urban settlements in East and Southeast Asia. It proposes that asking residents to tell the history of their settlements provides an important tool for understanding them in the context of their cities. Rather than focusing on the theoretical issues around “informality,” we seek to understand the settlement process itself, in both material and discursive terms.
Ontogenetic Emergence of Cognitive Reference Comprehension
Authors: Rüther Johanna , Liszkowski Ulf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrelinguistic cognitive reference comprehension is foundational to language acquisition and higher cognitive functions. However, its ontogenetic origins in the first year of life are currently not well understood. The current study pitted cognitivist against social interactionist views. We worked with infants monthly from 10 to 13 months of age and observed their behavioral search during a reference comprehension task. Our goal was to first establish the age at which infants begin to cognitively expect an occluded object in one of two locations following a communicative pointing cue. We then tested whether infants' cognitive referential expectations would prospectively predict social interaction skills and experiences (as assessed by spontaneous infant and parent pointing) or, conversely, be predicted by social interaction skills and experiences. Results revealed a linear increase in cognitive reference comprehension, with clear above chance performance, individual stability in month‐to‐month correlations, and a synchronous correlation to referential pointing all emerging at 12 months but not earlier. Regarding developmental predictions, infants' cognitive referential expectations were not predictive of social interaction skills and experiences; on the contrary, they were predicted by social interaction skills and experiences. Findings suggest that a nonverbal cognitive understanding of reference to occluded entities is neither early emerging, hard wired, nor causal to infants' or caregivers' referential pointing. Instead, this foundational skill is predicted by earlier social interaction. Findings are consistent with the view that cognitive reference comprehension develops via a social construction process in the first year of life.
Is Complex Visual Information Implicated During Language Comprehension? The Case of Cast Shadows
Authors: Horchak Oleksandr V. , Garrido Margarida Vaz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research showed that sensorimotor information affects the perception of properties associated with implied perceptual context during language comprehension. Three experiments addressed a novel question of whether perceptual context may contribute to a simulation of information about such out‐of‐sight objects as cast shadows. In Experiment 1, participants read a sentence that implied a particular shadow cast on a target (blinds vs. an open window) and then verified the picture of the object onto which a shadow was cast. Responses were faster when the shadow of blinds cast on the object matched that implied by the sentence. However, the data did not show the same matching effect for pictures with cast shadows from an open window. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that verification times for pictures with no cast shadows were faster when preceded by an “open window” sentence, thus suggesting that reading the sentence does not elicit a visual simulation of any specific shadow. Experiment 3 showed that the objects superimposed with a cast shadow of the blinds and blinds themselves were verified faster after reading a “blinds” sentence. However, the results of an order analysis showed the temporal stability of the “blinds shadows” effect, but the disappearance of the “blinds” effect in the second half of the data. We conclude that the results are compatible, to a lesser or greater extent, with multiple accounts, and discuss our findings in the context of a mental imagery view, a mental simulation view, and an amodal representation view.
A proposed strategy for management of immunosuppression in heart transplant patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Ahluwalia Monica , Givertz Michael M. , Mehra Mandeep R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is limited experience in management of orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) patients with COVID‐19. In this study, we present our initial experience using a standardized management algorithm. Data collection was performed on OHT patients with COVID‐19 after March 10, 2020 (declaration of state of emergency in Massachusetts). Among the 358 OHT patients currently followed at our program, 5 patients (1.4%) tested positive for COVID‐19 (median age 50 years [IQR, 49‐58], duration post‐OHT 21 years [IQR, 6‐25], and 4 of 5 [80%] were men). Among the 5 OHT patients, 2 of 5 (20%) had mild disease and had no change in baseline immunosuppression therapy. Two of 5 (20%) had moderate disease and received remdesivir as part of a clinical trial and reduced immunosuppression therapy. One patient (20%) died prior to presenting to the hospital, consistent with 20% case fatality rate. Four patients (80%) are doing well 4 weeks post‐discharge. In this small cohort of OHT patients with COVID‐19, we report a 1.4% COVID‐19 infection rate and 20% case fatality rate. All OHT patients managed under our clinical management algorithm had good short‐term outcomes. Further study to estimate the true risk profile of OHT patients and validate the proposed management strategy is warranted.
Intraspecific interference between native parasitoids modified by a non‐native parasitoid and its consequence on population dynamics
Authors: Nakamichi Yasufumi , Tuda Midori , Wajnberg Eric 
Published: July 2020

1. The number of natural enemies that should be introduced to control a pest is a controversial subject in biocontrol. A previous semi‐mechanistic model parameterised using a laboratory system consisting of two parasitoid wasps, Anisopteromalus calandrae and Heterospilus prosopidis, parasitising a pest beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, indicated that the introduction of the non‐native parasitoid H. prosopidis decreases the level of intraspecific interference between native A. calandrae females. The model also suggested that this decrease was the main factor destabilising the population dynamics of the host–parasitoid system, resulting in chaos.2. To test this population‐level decrease and host density independence in the interference of A. calandrae, we observed individual behaviours to quantify the level of intraspecific interference between two A. calandrae females in the presence or absence of H. prosopidis at two different host densities.3. When H. prosopidis was present, the number of direct antagonistic interference events between A. calandrae females, sting duration, host feeding events (but not stinging events), and patch residence time were reduced. However, the presence of H. prosopidis decreased the patch residence time and the proportion of hosts parasitised by A. calandrae only when the host density was low.4. The reduction in intraspecific interference between A. calandrae females by H. prosopidis and its host density independence support the population‐level prediction, whereas the observed reduction in host‐feeding behaviours in A. calandrae by H. prosopidis was not predicted. Overall pest control by the native parasitoid was unaffected by the non‐native parasitoid as host density increased.
Notes on the larval morphology of Trichoferus campestris (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a wood borer frequently intercepted in wood packaging material
Authors: Connell J. , Hinterstoisser W. , Hoch G. 
Published: July 2020

Trichoferus campestris (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is one of the most frequently intercepted woodborers in imported wood packaging material. Typically, inspectors encounter the insect in the larval stage. Based on analysis of larvae from a total of seven interceptions during import inspections in Austria and comparison with literature, the authors provide an illustrated description of the larval morphology of T. campestris to assist determination of this species.
Transcriptomic divergence between upland and lowland ecotypes contributes to rice adaptation to a drought‐prone agroecosystem
Authors: Luo Zhi , Xiong Jie , Xia Hui , Ma Xiaosong , Gao Min , Wang Lei , Liu Guolan , Yu Xinqiao , Luo Lijun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTranscriptomic divergence drives plant ecological adaptation. Upland rice is differentiated in drought tolerance from lowland rice during its adaptation to the drought‐prone environment. They provide a good system to learn the evolution of drought tolerance in rice.Methods and ResultsWe estimate morphological differences between the two rice ecotypes under well‐watered and drought conditions, as well as their genetic and transcriptomic divergences by the high‐throughput sequencing. Upland rice possesses higher expression diversity than lowland rice does. Thousands of genes exhibit expression divergences between the two rice ecotypes, which contributes to their morphological differences in drought tolerance. These transcriptomic divergences contribute to drought adaptation of upland rice during its domestication. Mutations in transcriptional regulatory regions, which cause presence and absence of cis‐elements, are the cause of expression divergence. About 15.3% transcriptionally selected genes also receive sequence‐based selection in upland or lowland ecotype. Some highly differentiated genes promote the transcriptomic divergence between rice ecotypes via gene co‐expression network. In addition, we also detected transcriptomic trade‐offs between drought tolerance and productivity.DiscussionMany key genes, which promote transcriptomic adaptation to drought in upland rice, have great prospective in breeding water‐saving and drought‐resistant rice. Meanwhile, appropriate strategies are required in breeding to overcome the potential transcriptomic trade‐off.
Skin colour and vitamin D: An update
Authors: Hanel Andrea , Carlberg Carsten 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHomo sapiens evolved in East Africa and had dark skin, hair, and eyes, in order to protect against deleterious consequences of intensive UV radiation at equatorial latitudes. Intensive skin pigmentation was thought to bear the risk of inefficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin. This initiated the hypothesis that within the past 75 000 years, in which humans migrated to higher latitudes in Asia and Europe, the need for vitamin D3 synthesis served as an evolutionary driver for skin lightening. In this review, we summarize the recent archeogenomic reconstruction of population admixture in Europe and demonstrate that skin lightening happened as late as 5000 years ago through immigration of lighter pigmented populations from western Anatolia and the Russian steppe but not primarily via evolutionary pressure for vitamin D3 synthesis. We show that variations in genes encoding for proteins being responsible for the transport, metabolism and signalling of vitamin D provide alternative mechanisms of adaptation to a life in northern latitudes without suffering from consequences of vitamin D deficiency. This includes hypotheses explaining differences in the vitamin D status and response index of European populations.
Mechanical behaviours of granite containing two flaws under uniaxial increasing‐amplitude fatigue loading conditions: An insight into fracture evolution analyses
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Changhong , Han Jianqiang , Wang Huajian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the fracture evolution of granite containing two pre‐existing flaws under uniaxial increasing‐amplitude fatigue conditions using macroscopic stress strain descriptions and posttest three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) technique. The impacts of flaw arrangement (i.e., approach angle of 20°, 50° and 70°) on the stress strain responses, hysteresis loop shape, damage evolution and crack coalescence pattern at rock bridge segment were investigated. Results show that rock structure has an obvious impact on macroscopic stress strain responses, volumetric strain, dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio. The sparse‐dense pattern of hysteresis loop is different at each loading stage caused by the differential accumulative damage. The damping ratio increases and dynamic elastic modulus decreases with the increasing fatigue loading stage. Posttest 3D CT visualization reveals a most striking finding that crack coalescence is easy for rock having low approach angle, and complex crack network forms for rock having high approach angle.
THE EFFECTS OF NEWS WHEN LIQUIDITY MATTERS
Authors: Gu Chao , Han Han , Wright Randall 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyze the impact of news (information shocks) in economies where liquidity matters, including those with endogenous credit limits, and those with assets serving as collateral or media of exchange. Although we also consider news about productivity and credit conditions, a leading case concerns monetary policy announcements. Real or monetary news has big effects on markets, potentially causing cyclic or boom–bust responses, even though we focus on the unique transition consistent with stationarity after shocks. In particular, policy announcements may induce instead of reduce volatility. We also discuss the implications for the inflation puzzle, forward‐guidance puzzle, and other apparent anomalies.
THE HOUSING STOCK, HOUSING PRICES, AND USER COSTS: THE ROLES OF LOCATION, STRUCTURE, AND UNOBSERVED QUALITY
Authors: Halket Jonathan , Nesheim Lars , Oswald Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhich housing characteristics are important for understanding homeownership rates? How are housing characteristics priced in rental and owner‐occupied markets? What can answers to these questions tell us about economic theories of homeownership? Using the English Housing Survey, we estimate a selection model of property allocations to the owner‐occupied and rental sectors. Structural characteristics and unobserved quality are important for selection. Location is not. Accounting for selection is important for rent‐to‐price ratio estimates and explains some puzzling correlations between rent‐to‐price ratios and homeownership rates. These patterns are consistent with, among others, hypotheses of rental market contracting frictions related to housing maintenance.
Infection risk of dermatologic therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an evidence‐based recalibration
Authors: Ghazawi Feras M. , Lim Megan , Dutz Jan P. , Kirchhof Mark G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecommendations were made recently to limit or stop the use of oral and systemic immunotherapies for skin diseases due to potential risks to the patients during the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we attempt to identify potentially safe immunotherapies that may be used in the treatment of cutaneous diseases during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. We performed a literature review to approximate the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including available data on the roles of relevant cytokines, cell subsets, and their mediators in eliciting an optimal immune response against respiratory viruses in murine gene deletion models and humans with congenital deficiencies were reviewed for viral infections risk and if possible coronaviruses specifically. Furthermore, reported risk of infections of biologic and non‐biologic therapeutics for skin diseases from clinical trials and drug data registries were evaluated. Many of the immunotherapies used in dermatology have data to support their safe use during the COVID‐19 pandemic including the biologics that target IgE, IL‐4/13, TNF‐α, IL‐17, IL‐12, and IL‐23. Furthermore, we provide evidence to show that oral immunosuppressive medications such as methotrexate and cyclosporine do not significantly increase the risk to patients. Most biologic and conventional immunotherapies, based on doses and indications in dermatology, do not appear to increase risk of viral susceptibility and are most likely safe for use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The limitation of this study is availability of data on COVID‐19.
The effect of voting rights on firm value
Authors: Scherrer Cristina Mabel , Fernandes Marcelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a simple framework for dual‐class stock shares in which common shareholders receive public and private cash flows (i.e., dividends and any private benefit of holding voting rights) and preferred shareholders only receive public cash flows. We isolate these two cash flows in order to identify the role of voting rights on equity‐holders' wealth. In particular, using a structural cointegrated VAR model, we find a negative relationship between the value of the voting right and the preferred shareholders' wealth.
The Epistemic Basic Structure
Authors: Kurtulmus Faik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe epistemic basic structure of a society consists of those institutions that have the greatest impact on individuals’ opportunity to obtain knowledge on questions they have an interest in as citizens, individuals, and public officials. It plays a central role in the production and dissemination of knowledge and in ensuring that people have the capability to assimilate this knowledge. It includes institutions of science and education, the media, search engines, libraries, museums, think tanks, and various government agencies. This article identifies two demands of justice that apply specifically to the institutions that belong to it. First, the epistemic basic structure should serve all citizens fairly and reliably. It should provide them with the opportunity to acquire knowledge they need for their deliberations about the common good, their individual good, and how to pursue them. Second, the epistemic basic structure should produce and disseminate the knowledge that various experts and public officials need to successfully pursue justice and citizens need to effectively exercise their rights. After arguing for these duties, I discuss what policies follow from them and respond to the worry that these duties have illiberal implications.
Association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases risk
Authors: Chen You , Yang Yu‐chong , Zhu Bao‐ling , Wu Cong‐cong , Lin Rui‐fang , Zhang Xi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases.Materials and methodsPubMed and Embase databases were utilized to search eligible studies. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as effect size to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases risk.ResultsOur results indicated positive associations between periodontal disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06–1.33), liver cirrhosis (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.50–3.48) and elevated transaminase level risk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.15). Moreover, tooth loss could increase NAFLD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12– 1.56) and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.74), and every five increment in tooth loss was associated with 5% increased liver cancer risk (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.10) with a linear relationship. In addition, tooth loss had a positive tendency towards liver cirrhosis risk (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.85–4.85) although there was no statistical significance.ConclusionPeriodontal disease and tooth loss are positively associated with liver diseases including NAFLD, elevated transaminase level, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.