bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific murine neutrophil activation states in health and inflammation
Authors: Chadwick Jeffrey W , Fine Noah , Khoury William , Tasevski Nikola , Sun Chun-Xiang , Boroumand Parastoo , Klip Amira , Glogauer Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeutrophils are quickly recruited to tissues in response to proinflammatory cues; however, little is known about tissue neutrophil phenotypes in health. We employ a multicolor flow cytometric approach to assess surface markers of activation on neutrophils from the bone marrow, blood, peritoneum, spleen, liver, fat, colon, and oral cavity of healthy mice. Cell preparations were promptly fixed to preserve native surface marker expression levels. Peritoneal, colonic, and oral neutrophils were also assessed in the setting of pHrodo-induced peritonitis, dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, and ligature-induced periodontal disease, respectively. Our results demonstrate consistent detectable neutrophil populations in various sterile and nonsterile tissues of healthy mice, and these cells had tissue-specific neutrophil immunophenotypes. Neutrophils derived from biofilm-associated mucosal tissues had 2- to 3-fold higher expression of surface markers of activation, including CD66a, CD11b, and CD62L, compared to neutrophils derived from both sterile healthy tissues as well as tissues in animals treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Furthermore, the unique cluster of differentiation (CD) marker activation signatures of tissue-specific neutrophils from the peritoneum, colon, and oral cavity were altered to a proinflammatory immunophenotype with the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. Based on our results, we propose a model whereby a hierarchy of tissue neutrophil immunophenotypes, based on the differential expression of CD markers of activation, correlates with sterile, healthy commensal biofilm-associated and inflamed tissue states.
Diurnal variability of glucose tetrasaccharide (Glc4) excretion in patients with glycogen storage disease type III
Authors: Young Sarah P. , Khan Aleena , Stefanescu Ela , Seifts Andrea M. , Hijazi Ghada , Austin Stephanie , Kishnani Priya S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe urinary glucose tetrasaccharide, Glcα1‐6Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glc (Glc4), is a glycogen limit dextrin that is elevated in patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type III. We evaluated the potential of uncooked cornstarch therapy to interfere with Glc4 monitoring, by measuring the diurnal variability of Glc4 excretion in patients with GSD III.MethodsVoids were collected at home over 24 hours, stored at 4°C and frozen within 48 hours. Glc4 was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and normalized to creatinine.ResultsSubjects with GSD III (median age: 13.5 years, range: 3.7‐62; n = 18) completed one or more 24‐hour urine collection, and 28/36 collections were accepted for analysis. Glc4 was elevated in 16/18 subjects (median: 13 mmol/mol creatinine, range: 2‐75, reference range: <3). In collections with elevated Glc4 (23/28), two‐thirds (15/23) had low diurnal variability in Glc4 excretion (coefficient of variation [CV%] <25). The diurnal variability was significantly correlated with the Glc4 concentration (Pearson R = .644, P < .05), but not with the dose of uncooked cornstarch. High intraday variability (>25%) was not consistently observed in repeat collections by the same subject.ConclusionsThe extent and variability of Glc4 excretion relative to creatinine was not correlated with cornstarch dose. A majority of collections showed low variability over 24 hours. These findings support the use of single time‐point collections to evaluate Glc4 in patients with GSD III treated with cornstarch. However, repeat sampling over short time‐periods will provide the most accurate assessment of Glc4 excretion, as intraday variability may be increased in patients with high Glc4 excretion.
Examining spring phenological responses to temperature variations during different periods in subtropical and tropical China
Authors: Qian Siwei , Chen Xiaoqiu , Lang Weiguang , Schwartz Mark D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing ground observed Melia azedarach budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering dates and daily mean temperature data (1981 to 2014) at 37 stations in China's subtropical and tropical zones, we identified the positive and negative temperature effects on spring phenology from winter and spring, and their spatial and seasonal variations. Then, we grouped the spatial variations into temperature effect phases. Lastly, we examined relationships between mean temperature during the positive effect phase and effective accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase. Results show that Melia azedarach spring phenology is positively influenced (delayed) by preseason winter temperatures and negatively influenced (advanced) by preseason spring temperatures. The negative spring temperature effect on the three phenophases was detected at all stations, while the positive winter temperature effect was apparent only at 51%–78% of stations. The number of stations with the positive winter temperature effect is larger in colder areas and for earlier occurring phenophases, and smaller in warmer areas and for later occurring phenophases. In addition, either negative responses of spring phenology to spring temperature or positive responses of spring phenology to winter temperature are more sensitive at warmer locations than colder locations. Further analyses indicate that the lower the mean temperature during the positive winter temperature effect phase at a specific station, the less the effective accumulated temperature needed for budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering during the negative spring temperature effect phase at the same station. This implies that effective accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase depends on temperature status during the positive effect phase. Our study highlights that the interannual variation of Melia azedarach spring phenology is triggered by the net interaction impacts of winter and spring temperatures.
Optimization of film over nanosphere substrate fabrication for SERS sensing of the allergen soybean agglutinin
Authors: Styles Matthew J. , Rodriguez Rebeca S. , Szlag Victoria M. , Bryson Samuel , Gao Zhe , Jung Seyoung , Reineke Theresa M. , Haynes Christy L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal film over nanosphere (FON) substrates are a mainstay of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements because they are inexpensive to fabricate, have predictable enhancement factors, and are relatively robust. This work includes a systematic investigation of how the three major FON fabrication parameters—nanosphere size, deposited metal thickness, and metal choice—impact the resulting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). With these three parameters, it is quite simple to fabricate FONs with an optimal LSPR for SERS experiments with various excitation wavelengths. Some SERS experiments require that the substrates be incubated in organic solvents that have the potential to damage the substrate; as such, this work also explores how solvent incubation impacts the physical and optical properties of the FON substrate. Although no significant increase in physical damage is obvious, the LSPR does shift significantly. Finally, these optimized FONs were employed for the sensing of an important allergen, soybean agglutinin. The FONs were modified with a glycopolymer that has affinity for soybean agglutinin and clear Raman bands demonstrate detection of 10 μg/ml soybean agglutinin. Overall, this work serves the dual purpose of both sharing critical details about FON design and demonstrating detection of an important lectin analyte.
Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability, Self‐Cleaning, and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization
Authors: Fu Xihan , Wang Shuang , Liu Zheng , Luo Yaofa , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Haibo , Zhou Mi , Cheng Xu , Du Zongliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large‐scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor‐liquid sol‐gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two‐step process, including a vapor‐liquid sol‐gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self‐cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.
Determination of the s‐phase formation coefficient of plasma nitrided austenitic steel
Authors: Reinders P.M. , Patel R.R. , Musekamp J. , Kaestner P. , Hoche H. , Bräuer G. , Oechsner M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma nitriding is an effective surface hardening treatment for austenitic stainless steels. During plasma nitriding, s‐phase formation takes place which is not only responsible for high hardness and wear resistance but also for good corrosion resistance. In order to estimate the thickness of the s‐phase for austenitic stainless steel in a plasma nitriding process, an empirical model is devised. A number of plasma nitriding processes of austenitic stainless steel (304 L) were carried out with varying treatment temperature from 360 °C to 450 °C and process duration ranging from 10 hours to 24 hours with constant pressure, voltage, pulse‐to‐pause‐ratio and gas mixture. A time‐temperature dependent s‐phase formation coefficient is determined by measuring the thickness of the s‐phase using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The developed model is verified by three controlled experiments. This model fits the thickness of the s‐phase with an error of less than 6 %.
Apathy and Anxiety in De Novo Parkinson's Disease Predict the Severity of Motor Complications
Authors: Hinkle Jared T. , Perepezko Kate , Gonzalez Lorenzo L. , Mills Kelly A. , Pontone Gregory M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric and affective symptoms are prevalent in prodromal and clinical Parkinson's disease (PD). Some evidence suggests that they may also signify risk for motor complications (motor fluctuations and dyskinesias) of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT).ObjectiveTo determine whether neuropsychiatric symptoms present in de novo PD (ie, before DRT initiation) predict the severity of eventual motor complications of DRT.MethodsWe used clinical, demographic, neurobehavioral, and neuroimaging data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), a multicenter observational PD study. Participants were unmedicated at enrollment and 361 initiated DRT during PPMI follow‐up. We used Cox proportional hazard and multivariate ordinal mixed‐effects regression models to evaluate the relationship between baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor complications as measured by the Movement Disorders Society‐revised Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS).ResultsThe cumulative incidences of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations during follow‐up (6.0 ± 1.5 years) were 34.3% and 59.9%, respectively. Both apathy and high trait‐anxiety (top quartile) conveyed over two‐fold increases in hazard for dyskinesia onset and for adverse impact on activities of daily living caused by both dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. The longitudinal severity of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias was significantly predicted by baseline trait‐anxiety and apathy, but not depression. Models were adjusted for dimensionally related symptoms (eg autonomic dysfunction) and potential confounding variables (eg DRT dose).ConclusionsApathy and anxiety levels in de novo PD may be neuropsychiatric biomarkers of vulnerability to earlier and more disabling motor complications of DRT.
Multisystem proteinopathy: Where myopathy and motor neuron disease converge
Authors: Korb Manisha K. , Kimonis Virginia E. , Mozaffar Tahseen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a pleiotropic group of inherited disorders that cause neurodegeneration, myopathy, and bone disease, and share common pathophysiology. Originally referred to as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), attributed to mutations in the gene encoding valosin‐containing protein (VCP), it has more recently been discovered that there are several other genes responsible for similar clinical and pathological phenotypes with muscle, brain, nerve, and bone involvement, in various combinations. These include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 and A1 (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), matrin 3 (MATR3), T‐cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), and optineurin (OPTN), all of which share disruption of RNA stress granule function and autophagic degradation. This review will discuss each of the genes implicated in MSP, exploring the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, current standards of care, and future directions for this diverse yet mechanistically linked spectrum of disorders.
A novel direct method based on the Lucas multiwavelet functions for variable‐order fractional reaction‐diffusion and subdiffusion equations
Authors: Dehestani Haniye , Ordokhani Yadollah , Razzaghi Mohsen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study the numerical technique for variable‐order fractional reaction‐diffusion and subdiffusion equations that the fractional derivative is described in Caputo's sense. The discrete scheme is developed based on Lucas multiwavelet functions and also modified and pseudo‐operational matrices. Under suitable properties of these matrices, we present the computational algorithm with high accuracy for solving the proposed problems. Modified and pseudo‐operational matrices are employed to achieve the nonlinear algebraic equation corresponding to the proposed problems. In addition, the convergence of the approximate solution to the exact solution is proven by providing an upper bound of error estimate. Numerical experiments for both classes of problems are presented to confirm our theoretical analysis.
Time–space Jacobi pseudospectral simulation of multidimensional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Mittal Avinash K. , Shrivastava Parnika , Panda Manoj K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the authors investigate the collision of soliton waves for multidimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE) using the time–space Jacobi pseudospectral method. The proposed method is established in both time and space to approximate the solutions and to prove the theory of error estimates and stability analysis for the equations. Using the Jacobi derivatives matrices the given problem is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which will be solved using Newton's Raphson method. For numerical experiments, the method is tested on a number of different examples to study the behavior of collision of two and more than two solitons waves and single soliton wave. Moreover, numerical solutions are demonstrated to justify the theoretical results. The rate of convergence of the proposed method is obtained up to six‐order. The proposed method also preserves mass and energy conservation laws. A comparison of the numerical and exact solutions is depicted in the form of figures and tables.
Psychological symptoms of cancer survivors during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A longitudinal study
Authors: Han Jing , Zhou Fang , Zhang Li , Su Yali , Mao Lijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveDue to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, self‐isolation at home was adopted to control the spread of COVID‐19 in China for 3 months from 29 January 2020. The psychological status of cancer survivors is affected by their social environment. In this study, we investigated the psychological status and psychological symptoms of Chinese cancer survivors.MethodsA longitudinal study design was adopted, and an online sample of cancer survivors was successfully recruited via the Internet communities of cancer support groups. From 14 February to 25 May, 111 cancer survivor families completed the symptom checklist 90 (SCL‐90) online three times (T1:14 to 24 February; T2: 1 to 10 April; T3: 15 to 25 May).ResultsFor survivors and their family members, the mean total score of the SCL‐90 was 172.05 (13.30) and 142.76 (26.80) at T1, 155.91 (12.18) and 133.42 (15.93) at T2, and 142.75 (11.56) and 130.14 (14.16) at T3, respectively. The SCL‐90 scores of cancer survivors were significantly higher than those of family members and Chinese norms at T1, T2, and T3. Nine psychological symptoms of the SCL‐90 in cancer survivors significantly declined from T1 to T2 and T3.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on cancer survivors and their families. Psychological assistance should be provided to cancer survivors.
Optimization of Synthesis Parameters and Characterization of Green Primary Explosive Copper(I) 5‐Nitrotetrazolate (DBX‐1)
Authors: Li Wen‐Hsiang , Tseng Kai‐Chun , Yang Tsung‐Mao , Li Jin‐Shuh , Lu Kai‐Tai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the early 20th century, lead azide (LA) has been commonly used as a primary explosive. However, lead pollution in the air and soil has attracted more and more attention, particularly in military training grounds and shooting ranges. Copper(I) 5‐nitrotetrazolate (DBX‐1) is considered as one of the most promising alternatives to LA. DBX‐1 is typically prepared from sodium 5‐nitrotetrazolate dihydrate [NaNT(H2O)2] and copper(I) chloride (CuCl). But little is known about its optimal synthesis parameters. In addition, NaNT(H2O)2 is not commercially available. In this study, NaNT(H2O)2 was prepared by ourselves. Taguchi's experimental design method was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of DBX‐1. The synthesized NaNT(H2O)2 and DBX‐1 were identified by means of SEM, NMR, FTIR, EA, UV‐Vis and STA TG‐DSC, and the sensitivity of DBX‐1 was determined using BAM fallhammer, BAM friction tester and electrostatic spark sensitivity tester. The experimental results indicated that the optimal synthesis parameters of DBX‐1 were as follows: the reaction temperature was 100 °C, the reaction time was 30 min, the concentration of NaNT(H2O)2 was 0.075 wt.% and the molar ratio of NaNT(H2O)2 to CuCl was 1.15, and then the maximum yield after purification could reach 72.2 %. The decomposition activation energies of DBX‐1 calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods were 178.6 and 179.0 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, the impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity of DBX‐1 were 51 mJ, 0.4 N and 7.3 mJ, respectively, which were almost the same as those for LA.
West Fertilizer Regulatory Legacy—EPA RMP Amendments
Authors: Cutchen Steven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOn April 17, 2013, a fire and explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company in West, Texas. Twelve emergency responders and three members of the public died. More than 260 people were treated by local hospitals. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) investigated the incident. The CSB determined that about 40 percent of the 30 tons of fertilizer‐grade ammonium nitrate (FGAN) detonated to cause the explosion. The CSB found that there were no effective federal regulations of FGAN in effect at the time of the explosion. They subsequently describe the initial federal response to the explosion as of the date of the CSB report; an Executive Order for, among many other things, modernizing federal policies and regulations surrounding chemical facilities, including those storing FGAN such as West Fertilizer. Presented here is a followup report of this modernization, focusing on the changes that impact process safety. This effort initially took the form of amendments to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation 40 C.F.R. § 68 Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions. Following the implementation of the amendments, the EPA subsequently took action to rescind the bulk of the changes.
A novel multidimensional penalty‐free approach for constrained optimal control of switched control systems
Authors: Sun Tao , Sun Xi‐Ming , Wang Xue‐Fang , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, a novel multidimensional penalty‐free method is proposed for the optimal control problem of switched control systems with path constraints. First, by introducing a Boolean vector, the switched control system and path constraints are transformed into affine forms. Typically, the complementary constrained method and piecewise constant function are used to relax and approximate the Boolean vector. Moreover, numerical methods are used to solve the approximated constrained optimal control problem (COCP), which relies on a discrete grid of the control function by using a piecewise linear function. Furthermore, the approximated COCP of affine control systems is equivalently transformed into a constrained dynamic parameter optimization problem by a refined time‐scaling transformation. Finally, the global convergence of the proposed multidimensional penalty‐free algorithm is proved and the feasibility of the algorithm is verified by numerical examples.