bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of analysis of a reinforced concrete section under bending with axial force in the post-yield range
Authors: Korentz Jacek 
Published: June 2020

Predicting the behaviour of plastic hinges subjected to large inelastic deformations caused by extreme loads such as earthquakes plays an important role in assessing maximum stable deformation capacities of framed concrete structures. This paper presents the analytical procedure for analysing the behaviour of a reinforced concrete section under bending with axial force in the post-yield range. The following stages of section behaviour are defined: the uncracked, first cracked, yielding, cover crushing, cover spalling, buckling of bars and limit stages. The relationship between the moment and curvature in these stages, including the effects of concrete confinement, the spalling of the concrete cover, and the inelastic buckling of the reinforcing bars, is considered. The presented method makes it possible to estimate the ductility of reinforced concrete members with various longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.
Structural robustness of steel framed buildings subjected to accidental actions
Authors: Szczerba Radosław 
Published: June 2020

The approach of Eurocode 1 to accidental actions was briefly presented in the paper. These specific actions occur very rarely but due to their high intensity may result in the total collapse of the building. Together with the description of structural robustness requirements, accidental design situations were discussed in accordance with the Standard PN-EN 1991-1-7. Furthermore, the analysis of steel framed building was carried out. The analysis concerns removal of a column on the lowest storey and was executed with the use of Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013.
The procedure of capacity estimation for P&R car parks located within metropolitan areas
Authors: Szarata Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of the paper is to estimate P&R demand, which can be useful in estimation of its capacity. The proposed approach is based on the assessment of parking location in terms of connections with public transport system, attractiveness of the location and spatial development of surroundings. Within the analysis, the number of Park and Ride trips was estimated. The proposed approach has been applied to six planned locations of Park and Ride system in Warsaw agglomeration and the analyses were conducted on a simulation model of the whole agglomeration.
LCA as a tool for road authorities in decision making process
Authors: Nurzyński Karol , Panek Aleksander 
Published: June 2020

This work presents an introduction to LCA as a method for analysis of design variants for better decision-making process in infrastructural projects. Law and formal issues were analysed as a start point for this work. Current Polish law acts were compiled together with the aims pointed out by the European Commission in terms of Sustainable Public Procurement Policy. Authors presented state-of-the-art in LCA certification systems for road infrastructure projects including Greenroads rating system and currently being developed within the funds of the 7. Framework Programme ECOLABEL project.
Construction project budgeting including time buffers and costs
Authors: Połoński Mieczysław 
Published: June 2020

The proposed method presented in this article concerns cost estimating of projects, including contingency. It points to the possibility of application of time buffers for this purpose. From the practical point of view, the enhanced calculation at the planning stage of works, taking into account cost contingency, is important and meets the expectations of owners, who tend to exceed the planned costs of investment without considering reserve costs.
The implementation of the calculation is relatively simple, and basically requires one person to be acquainted with the planned costs of particular tasks, even in a deterministic way. This article presents the assumptions of the proposed method and a calculation example involving a real construction object. Depending on the data available to the planner, the results are presented concerning the calculations of the amount of cost contingency of the entire project by way of seven variants of calculation. With reference to the provided example, depending on the applied method, the increase of the cost of the entire undertaking ranges from 21-36 % of the costs of the entire project. The highest contingency costs were obtained by using the risk analysis method (35-36 %). Other methods gave consistent results within the range of 21-26% of the costs of the entire object.
In the conclusion, a continuous curve is shown depicting an increase of costs during the planned works.
Extreme reduction of on-resistance in vertical GaN p–n diodes by low dislocation density and high carrier concentration GaN wafers fabricated using oxide vapor phase epitaxy method
Authors: Takino Junichi , Sumi Tomoaki , Okayama Yoshio , Kitamoto Akira , Imanishi Masayuki , Yoshimura Masashi , Asai Naomi , Ohta Hiroshi , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Mori Yusuke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Low dislocation density and low-resistance GaN wafers are in high demand for improving the performance of vertical GaN power devices. Recently, GaN wafers with the dislocation density of 8.8 × 104 cm−2 and the resistivity of 7.8 × 10−4 Ω cm, were fabricated using oxide vapor phase epitaxy (OVPE). In this study, GaN p–n diodes on GaN wafers prepared by the OVPE method were evaluated for verifying their suitability as vertical GaN power devices. An extremely low-differential specific on-resistance of 0.08 mΩ cm2 and a high breakdown voltage of 1.8 kV were obtained from forward and reverse I–V measurements.
Evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine on liver damage secondary to renal ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Seyfi Kartal , Ahmet Şen , Levent Tümkaya , Abdullah Özdemir , Tolga Mercantepe , Adnan Yılmaz 
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic protective effects of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Methodology: Rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n = 6); control (C) group, ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) group, (D + I/R) group which dexmedetomidine was given and I/R was administered.
MODIFIED MASS SELECTION WITHIN CORN SYNTHETIC VARIETY
Authors: Baktash F.Y. 
Published: June 2020

This research was undertaken to evaluate five cycles of modified mass selection to improve grain yield in synthetic corn (Zea mays L.) variety IPA-5018. The selection was carried out in spring and fall seasons, during, 2013-2015 using 10% selection intensity. The five populations obtained after selection and the original population were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results were revealed a significant differences among selection cycles in grain yield and some yield components. The cycle five produced highest grain yield (9699.30 kg.ha-1) and increased 34.88% to the original population. The regression of grain yield, number of grains.ear-1 and grain weight to selection cycles were significantly linear and R2 more than 80%. We concluded that the modified mass selection could be used successfully in improving the grain yield and some yield components of corn synthetic varieties.
EFFECT OF POTASH FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON AND ZINC ON GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN
Authors: & Al-Jumaily Abdalgafor 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted in Ehssayvillage-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc in growth traits of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates.The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron (0, Fe150, Zn100 and Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and indian VC6089A10) .The local genotype gave the highest rate of number of leaves per plant(38.26 and27.73) leaf.plant-1, leaf area(18.62 and18.57) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield( 2.62 and 2.21) t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively , while the indian genotype gave the highest rate of plant height (50.34 and 52.20) cm and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively. The level 60 kg K.ha-1 record the highest rate of plant height, number of leaves per plant , leaf area(16.57and16.05) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield(2.89and (2.17t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively, while level 120 kg K.ha-1 gave the highest rate of the number of branches per plants(6.7and 4.86) branches.plant-1 and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively . So the concentration (Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron and zinc gave highest rate of plant height(48.38)cm, number of branches per plants (6.47) branches.plant-1 and leaf area(14.91) dm2.plant-1 for the first seasons only . The interaction between local genotype with 60 kg K.ha-1gave the heighest rate of number of leaves per plant and leaf area(22.57 and 21.34) dm2.plant-1 for two seasons respectively .So the interaction between local genotype and concentration (Fe150+Zn100) mg.l-1 gave the highest rate of leaf area for the first seasons only. The interaction between the level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and the concentration Fe150 mg.l-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron showed significant superiority in leaf area (18.97 and 19.30) dm2.plant-1 for both seasons respectively.So the triple interaction between local genotype with level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and concentration (Fe 150+ Zn 100)mg.l-1 from foliar nutrition of iron and zinc (V1K1F3) was significant effect in number of leaves per plant and leaf area for both seasons.
EFFECT OF SOWING BY DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES ON QUALITATIV TTIATS OF FOUR WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVAR SEEDS
Authors: & et al. Saudi 
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes College , University of Thi-Qar and at laboratories of agriculture college , university of Basra during 2013 - 2014 . The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the different seeding rates (80,100,120 and 140 kg.ha-1) on viability and quality characters of four wheat cultivars ( Abu-Ghraib, IPA – 99 , Al-fatih and Al-Iraq ) seeds . Factorial experiments in CRD was used with four replication in two factors . The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction. The seeds produced from seeding rate 80 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of field emergence , standard germination , radical length , seedling dry weight and protein percentage ( 81.18 % , 91.03 % , 7.92 cm , 5.23 gm and 13.71 % ), respectively . The seeds produced from seeding rate 100 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of first count test and plumule length ( 74.35 % and 6.45 cm ), respectively . The seeds produced from seeding rate 120 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of carbohydrate percentage (61.27) . Al-Iraq seeds gave the higher averages of field emergence , first count test , standard germination , radical length , plumule length , seedling dry weight and carbohydrate percentage ( 86.23% , 72.68 % , 93.22% , 8.51 cm , 6.88 cm , 5.83 gm and 61.65% ) , respectively. Abu-Ghraib seeds gave the higher averages of protein percentage (13.94 ). Al-Iraq seeds produced from seeding rate 80 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of field emergence , radical length and seedling dry weight ( 89.14% , 8.87 cm and 6.65 gm ), respectively . Al-Iraq seeds that product from seed rate 100 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of first count test , standard germination and plumule length ( 79.00% , 95.98% and 7.83 cm ), respectively . Al-Iraq seeds that product from seed rate 120 kg.ha-1 gave the higher averages of carbohydrate percentage ( 61.92% ). Abu-Ghraib seeds that product from seed rate 100 kg.ha-1 gave the higher average of protein percentage(14.25).
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIELD AND GENETIC FOR SOME SIXTH RADIO GENERATION MUTANTS IN TOMATO
Authors: & et al. Alwan 
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad " Abu Ghraib" during the growing seasons 2013-2014 to Evaluate the Vegetative growth , yield traits and genetic parameter of some tomato mutants. Results showed significantly increased of plant height in M6-2 mutant 245cm in Comparison with M6-3 130 cm . M6-4 mutant significantly increasing of floral clusters 13 . Mutant M6-3 showed significantly increasing the average of, fruit weight 125.9g and plant yield 7.17 kg.plant-1 as comparison with M6-2 which showed decreasing of average of fruit weight and plant yield 79.40g and 4.38 kg.plant-1 respectively. Also results showed the highest Genetic variation components in plant height and average of fruit weight. The highest percentage of heritability in the broad sense plant height, floral clusters and average of fruit weight Analysis Hierarchical clustering showed that mutant was distributed in two groups the first group included mutants with M6-3 and M6-4 , while the second group included mutants M6-2 and M6-1.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ZINC AND GIBBERELIC ACID ON YIELD AND SOME FRUIT QUALITY OF POMEGRANATE CV. SALIMY
Authors: & Ali Jumaa 
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala Governorate on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunks and planted at 4×4m to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L-1) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L-1) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L-1) on quality and quantity of fruit yield, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimental unit, the experimental results showed: Potassium achieved by concentration 3000 mg.L-1 significant decrease in the fruit cracking by 18.70%, As led to increasing in yield and some of the physical qualities of fruit as fruit yield increased, fruit weight, the proportions 41.22% and 11.48% respectively, as well as with zinc as the sprayed concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 cause a decrease of 13.86% fruits cracked, and achieved a significant increase in fruit yield, fruit weight, As GA3 did not have a significant effect on the qualities above, the results have shown that overlap the study showed a significant influence factors in reducing fruits drop and cracked and improve the physical qualities of the fruit. The results showed that the proportion of total soluble solids (TSS) were not significantly affected by three study factors and increased vitamin -C- , as a result of spraying potassium concentration 3000 mg.L-1 by 20.51% , and 8.75% at 1000 mg.L-1 of zinc, GA3 achieved increase in vitamin -C- by 5.66%, showed the interaction a significant effects in qualities of the above with varying proportions depending on the type of factor and its concentration added .
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF PRICE POLICY ON WHEAT PRODUCTION IN IRAQ BY USING POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX (PAM)
Authors: & MUDHI MOHAMMED 
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this study are to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq through its efficiency in resource allocation using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique. This study depends basically on primary data collected from a random sample consisted of 115 farms, The sample has been divided into three subclasses, the first one area was less than 50 donum consisted of 64 farms, the second one area was between 50 – 100 donum and consisted of 33 farm, the third one area was more than 100 donum and consisted of 18 farm. The objective of this study is to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq. By estimation of policy analysis matrix elements, revenue transfers, tradable input transfers, factors transfers, were calculated which were revenue (654,584,455,553) and (348, 357, 275, 339) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, tradable input (100,107,112,104) and (76,86,87,79) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, factors (254,211,177,230) and (260, 214,179,234) thousand dinars/donum in private and social price to three classes and the sample total consecutively, Net transfer was about (197,209,158,193) thousand dinars/donum to three classes and the sample total consecutively. The results of this study showed that the price policy used by government was encouraging producers in short run and also showed that wheat production had large support from government while inputs were not subsidized, the study also showed that private profits were more than social profits. Results also showed that wheat production in Iraq has a comparative advantage and internationally competitive. Finally the study arrived at some conclusions and recommendations according to conclusion.
AN ECONOMIC ANALISYS FOR PRICING POLICY AND POLICY OF FORIGEN TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN IRAQ DURING 2003-2013
Authors: & Mohammed Al-Badri 
Published: June 2020

There is no doubt that Agricultural Policy is the main responsible for the degrading in Agricultural sector in Iraq during the period 2003-2013, and that was very clear from magnitude of indicators because of little sharing of each of agricultural product in GDP because it was (9.38%) in average during the study period and the annual changing of it was negative (-5.82%), and there is increasing in deficit of trade balance in Agriculture during the study period about (4185.73) million US$, and the percentage of agricultural exports from total exports was (0.14%) in average only. The foreign trade policy in Agricultural products also cannot determine map of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of Agricultural products and crops. The study showed that there is continuous deficit in agricultural price policy because the agricultural producer is still receive prices for strategically crops less than world prices and that was showed by Net Nominal Protection Coefficients (NNPC) and although of the improvement than before 2003 but it is not paralleled with importance of Agricultural sector.
AN ECONOMIC ANALASIS ON DEMAND OF IRAQI IMPORTS OF CHICKEN MEAT FOR THE PERIOD (1985-2013)
Authors: & Al- Badri Al-Sahoo 
Published: June 2020

The foreign trade in agricultural products form an important factor for developing countries, including Iraq, because of their great importance in the conduct of agricultural products to regional and global markets and supply there agricultural products from the outside world, thus the imports of agricultural products and goods represent great importance in countries that suffer from the domestic production unable to bridge the consumers needs, especially in the short run.The study aims to analysis and determine the most important economic factors those affecting the quantity of imports of the chicken meat during the period (1985-2013), where the most important variables those affecting were: the domestic production of chicken meat, the index of domestic price of chicken meat, the index of CIF price of chicken meat and the national income in fixed prices, and these variables were interpreted about (71%) of fluctuations in the imported quantities of the chicken meat, and then constructing model and estimation the demand function of imports of the chicken meat during the study period, and benefit of parameters of this model in the analysis of economic polices alternatives performance to import the chicken meat, and derive all economic indicators of that function within a period of study and the most important are the elasticites of price and income, as well as the ability to use the function to forecast the quantity of imports of the chicken meat in the short run.We have a long-term price elasticity appeared for the import of this article (-1.1611), while the income elasticity of imports appeared (7.5592) and it’s representing the marginal propensity to import and it’s shows that Iraq is price taker, by using Error Correction Model. The study forecasted about the imported quantity of the chicken meat during the period (2015-2025), to using these forecasting in the import policy in the short run.
EFFICIENCY OF MARKETING OF SOME FRUIT’S CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON 2015 / 2014
Authors: & Thamir Jassim 
Published: June 2020

The high marketing margins for fruit crops and lower marketing efficiency in the province of Baghdad was the target of the study and appreciation it and estimate the relative importance for its as well as marketing costs and measuring Marketing Efficiency for fruit crops studied in the province of Baghdad during the study period 2014/2015.The search has dealt with the evolution of economic indicators for the marketing efficiency of the fruit crops studied in the province of Baghdad during the period of the study it was found that the relative importance of absolute margin catalog between the producer price and consumer price represents a high proportion of which consumers pay, as an average for the total fruit crops studied around 48.80% , and the relative importance of earnings retailer of marketing margin came in the first prize, amounting to an average of the total fruit studied crops around 53.30%, and the wholesaler profits occupied the second highest marketing margin, amounting on average to fruit crops studied 24.37% , and the marketing operations of wholesalers and retailers combined occupied the third place in marketing margin between the producer price and consumer price which reached an average of crops studied about 8.36% This means that the marketing operations have an impact on the prices paid by the consumer the transportation costs occupied the fourth place in terms of relative importance where the averaging for that fruit studied about 7.98% , while the damaged quantities costs came in the fifth rank in terms of the relative importance that reaching an average for Fruit crops studied around 600.% , and measurement of marketing efficiency and the factors influencing them in the study area where it was found the performance weakness of marketing system for fruit crops studied along the marketing channels which are passing through it where the average of the marketing efficiency, according to the three laws used in extracted are 64.87% by the scale 1 with the limits of 40.66% according to the scale 2 and with the limits of 48.50% by the scale 3 It is generally low.One of the main conclusions reached high level of share brokers asymptotic almost to the share of producers of consumer dinars because of their ability to bargain without providing marketing services equivalent to the marketing services provided by the product which thus weakening stimulate producers to develop their production and some of their marketing activities.So the study recommends activating the role of the two devices in order to catalog and indicative determined to take their role in providing guidance and advice to farmers in the marketing of agricultural crops in order to raise efficiency of marketing fruit crops.