bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Oxygen Saturation and Mean Arterial Pressure With Inhaled Epoprostenol in Transport
Authors: Richards Jeremy B. , Frakes Michael , Saia Mark S. , Johnson Robert , Wilcox Susan R. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure have traditionally been considered one of the riskiest patient populations to transport, given the potential for desaturation with movement. We performed a retrospective cohort study to analyze our experience using inhaled epoprostenol in transport, with a primary objective of assessing change in the oxygen saturation throughout the transport. Methods: The transport records of patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure or right heart failure, transported on inhaled epoprostenol, were reviewed. The primary outcome was the change in SpO2 from the start of the inhaled epoprostenol transport to the time of handover of care at the receiving institution. The secondary outcome was the change in the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results: Comparing the initial SpO2 to the final, there was no significant difference in oxygenation between time 0 and the transfer of care at the receiving hospital at 91% versus 93% (interquartile range [IQR] 86.0-93.5 vs 87.5-96.0, P = .49). Comparing the SpO2 for those who had inhaled epoprostenol started by the transport team showed a larger change at 86% compared to 93% (IQR: 83.0-91.0 vs 86.5-94.5, P = .04). There was no change in the median MAP from time 0 to the end of the transport (77 vs 75 mm Hg, IQR, 67.5-84.8 vs 68.5-85.8, P = .70). Conclusions: In this study, patients with severe cardiopulmonary compromise transported on inhaled epoprostenol had no significant change in their median oxygen saturations, with the overall population increasing from 91% to 93%. When inhaled epoprostenol was initiated by the transport team, the improvement was clinically and statistically significant with an increase in SpO2 from 86% to 93%, with a final oxygen saturation comparable to those who were on the medication at the time of the team’s arrival.
Use of actigraphy to measure real-world physical activities in manual wheelchair users
Authors: Bourassa Sophie , Best Krista L , Racine Maxence , Borisoff Jaimie , Leblond Jean , Routhier François 
Published: April 2020

Introduction The benefits of physical activity for manual wheelchair users are well-known. The purpose of this study was to validate actigraphy to objectively measure physical activity intensity among manual wheelchair users. Method An experimental design was used. Adult manual wheelchair users wore a GT3X actigraph on their non-dominant arm while completing eight physical activities of low (reading), moderate (propelling -- flat) and high (propelling -- steep ramp) intensity. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were collected at the end of each physical activity. Distribution of data were examined and used to determine the type of repeated measures (parametric vs. non-parametric). A categorical principal component analysis was performed to determine the amount of variability explained by actigraphy, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Activity count cut-points were estimated using bootstrapping methods. Results Twenty-eight manual wheelchair users completed the study. Actigraphy, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion co-varied as physical activity intensity changed. Activity counts for low-intensity and medium-intensity physical activities were estimated to be 0 to 45 and 45 to 100 activity counts per second, respectively. Activity counts' ranges for high-intensity physical activities were not clear. Conclusion Combining actigraphy and rating of perceived exertion could be an easy and reliable method to measure the intensity of real-world activities. Further research is needed confirm cut-points for physical activity intensity.
Risk Factors for Immediate Postoperative Coronal Imbalance in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis Patients Fused to Pelvis
Authors: Zhang Jiandang , Wang Zheng , Chi Pengfei 
Published: April 2020

Study Design: Retrospective case-control radiographic study. Objective: To identify risk factors for immediate postoperative coronal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients fused to pelvis. Methods: A total of 71 DLS patients treated with deformity correction surgery were reviewed. Measurements included coronal parameters such as global coronal malalignment (GCM), major Cobb angle, L4/L5 coronal tilt and sagittal parameters. Based on the orientation of L4 coronal tilt relative to C7 plumb line (PL) preoperatively, coronal patterns were subdivided into (1) consistency pattern, L4 coronally tilts toward C7 PL, and (2) opposition pattern, L4 coronally tilts opposite C7 PL; the proportion of these 2 patterns was analyzed. Also, the proportion of type C and surgical factors were recorded. According to postoperative GCM, patients were divided into imbalanced group and balanced group. Results: Compared with the balanced group, the imbalanced group had a larger proportion of preoperative consistency pattern (79.17% vs 40.43%, P = .002), larger proportion of type C (29.17% vs 8.51%, P = .023), and lower amount of GCM correction (−4.92 ± 24.25 vs 14.52 ± 19.49 mm, P < .001). There were no significant intergroup differences regarding preoperative and postoperative major Cobb angle, preoperative and postoperative L4 or L5 coronal tilt, major Cobb correction, the amounts of correction of coronal tilt of L4/L5, osteotomy levels, osteotomy grades, instrumented levels, levels of interbody fusion, and distribution of upper instrumented vertebra. Conclusions: In addition to known risk factors such as type C, preoperative coronal consistency pattern might be a new risk factor for postoperative coronal imbalance in DLS patients fused to pelvis.
Hidden Blade Scalpel: A Useful Tool for the Treatment of Axillary Osmidrosis
Authors: Lu Ye , Zhao Aimin , Meng Xiaohui , Wang Binqing , Song Tao , Xia Yang 
Published: April 2020

Background: Axillary osmidrosis is a distressing problem that can particularly affect a patient’s social life. In severe cases, patients may seek a surgical treatment to achieve a permanent effect. Many treatment techniques involving destruction or removal of the apocrine and eccrine glands have been developed. However, previous treatments have been hindered by surgical or aesthetic concerns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hidden blade scalpel procedure in treating axillary osmidrosis. Methods: From December 2012 to December 2016, 372 patients with axillary osmidrosis underwent the hidden blade scalpel procedure. One 5-mm incision was made at approximately 1 cm beyond the axillary hairline. A hidden blade scalpel was then used to remove the subcutaneous tissue, including the plexus, apocrine and eccrine glands, and hair follicles, from the skin. The clinical efficacy was evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: The hidden blade scalpel procedure resulted in a high percentage of patient satisfaction, a much shorter recovery time, and a low complication rate. Conclusion: The hidden blade scalpel procedure is an effective method for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.
Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection After Treatment With Other Anti-VEGF Agents (SWAP-TWO Study)—12-Month Analysis
Authors: Golshani Cyrus , Conti Thais F. , Conti Felipe F. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Yuan Alex , Schachat Andrew , Kaiser Peter K. , Singh Rishi P. , Babiuch Amy 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This article reports 12-month outcomes of patients with diabetic macular edema previously treated with other antivascular endothelial growth factor agents and transitioned to fixed dosing of intravitreal aflibercept (IAI). Methods: This prospective, single-arm study enrolled patients to receive IAI 2 mg (0.05 mL) every 4 weeks until optical coherence tomography demonstrated no fluid. Patients then received fixed dosing of IAI 2 mg once every 8 weeks through 12 months. Primary outcome was mean absolute change from baseline central subfield thickness (CST) at 12 months measured by optical coherence tomography. Results: Twenty eyes were enrolled. At baseline, best-corrected visual acuity was 70.0 letters, mean CST was 419.7 µm ± 92.0, superficial capillary perfusion density (CPD) was 46.0 ± 4.2%, and deep CPD was 50.8 ± 4.3%. At 12 months, the mean CST improved to 287.2 µm ± 80.2 ( P < .001), superficial CPD decreased to 43.6 ± 4.8% ( P = .04), and deep CPD decreased to 47.6 ± 4.8% ( P = .05). Conclusions: Patients who switched to fixed dosing of IAI demonstrated significant anatomic improvements in CST at 12 months. CPD values decreased significantly both in superficial and deep layers without significant changes in vision.
The effects of inbreeding on covering success, gestation length and foal sex ratio in Australian thoroughbred horses
Authors: Todd Evelyn T. , Hamilton Natasha A. , Velie Brandon D. , Thomson Peter C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Horses produce only one foal from an eleven-month gestation period, making the maintenance of high reproductive rates essential. Genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding can increase the frequency of deleterious variants, resulting in reduced reproductive levels in a population. In this study we examined the influence of inbreeding levels on foaling rate, gestation length and secondary sex ratio in Australian Thoroughbred mares. We also investigated the genetic change in these traits throughout the history of the breed. Phenotypic data were obtained from 27,262 breeding records of Thoroughbred mares provided by three Australian stud farms. Inbreeding was estimated using the pedigree of each individual dating back to the foundation of the breed in the eighteenth century.

Results
While both gestation length and foaling rate were heritable, no measurable effect of inbreeding on either trait was found. However, we did find that the genetic value for both traits had decreased within recent generations. A number of environmental factors also had significant effects on foaling rate and gestation length. Secondary sex ratio had only an extremely small paternal heritable effect and was not susceptible to environmental influences.

Conclusions
In contrast to racing performance, inbreeding had no measurable effect on foaling rate or gestation length in Australian Thoroughbred horses. This could be because the level of inbreeding in the population examined is not high enough to show a discernible effect on reproductive traits. Populations that experience higher levels of inbreeding due to use of artificial reproductive technologies or extremely small population sizes may show a more pronounced reduction in natural foaling rate or gestation length. It is also possible that the intensive management techniques used in the Thoroughbred population masks any negative effects of inbreeding. The decrease in the genetic value of foaling rate is likely to be because horses with unfavourable genetic potential have not yet been selected out of the population. The change in genetic value of gestation length may be due to selective breeding favouring horses with shorter pregnancies. We also found that prioritising the mating of older mares, and avoiding out of season mating could lead to an increased breeding success.
The whole blood phagocytosis assay: a clinically relevant test of neutrophil function and dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Reiné J. , Rylance J. , Ferreira D. M. , Pennington S. H. , Welters I. D. , Parker R. , Morton B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
To refine and validate a neutrophil function assay with clinical relevance for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Design
Two phase cross-sectional study to standardise and refine the assay in blood from healthy volunteers and test neutrophil phagocytic function in hospital patients with CAP.

Participants
Phase one: Healthy adult volunteers (n = 30). Phase two: Critical care patients with severe CAP (n = 16), ward-level patients with moderate CAP (n = 15) and respiratory outpatients (no acute disease, n = 15).

Results
Our full standard operating procedure for the assay is provided. Patients with severe CAP had significantly decreased neutrophil function compared to moderate severity disease (median phagocytic index 2.8 vs. 18.0, p = 0.014). Moderate severity pneumonia neutrophil function was significantly higher than control samples (median 18.0 vs. 1.6, p = 0.015). There was no significant difference between critical care and control neutrophil function (median 2.8 vs. 1.6, p = 0.752).

Conclusions
Our whole blood neutrophil assay is simple, reproducible and clinically relevant. Changes in neutrophil function measured in this pneumonia cohort is in agreement with previous studies. The assay has potential to be used to identify individuals for clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies, to risk-stratify patients with pneumonia, and to refine our understanding of ‘normal’ neutrophil function in infection.
Patients with chronic kidney disease are not well adhered to dietary recommendations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebretsadik Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin , Mengistu Zelalem Debebe , Molla Birhanu Worku , Desta Helen Tkuwab 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Nutrition and dietary patterns are modifiable factors that can be utilized to prevent or slow the progression of Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adherence to current dietary recommendations can reduce the incidence, or slow the progression of CKD and reduce mortality. The objectives of this study was to compare the dietary nutrient intake of CKD patients (CKD above stage 3 including hemodialysis) to dietary recommendations and to assess the correlations of those dietary nutrient intakes with each other and with chosen laboratory measurements.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients with CKD. A consecutive 7 days dietary record supplemented with interviews for data completion was used to assess dietary intake. Recent clinical laboratory measurements were obtained from patients’ medical records. The obtained dietary data were analyzed by the Ethiopian food composition database and the nutrisurvey software. Dietary energy and nutrients intake were compared with recommendations for CKD patients.

Results
The dietary energy intake (DEI) of almost all patients was below recommended levels. The average Dietary protein intake (DPI) was above the recommended levels (0.95 ± 0.27 g/kg/day) for about 60% of the respondents. Besides, 38% and only two of the respondents had their dietary phosphorus and potassium intakes above recommended levels, respectively. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was positively correlated with both total and animal protein intakes while blood levels of creatinine and urea were negatively correlated with animal protein intake.

Conclusion
Patients with CKD are not well adhered to dietary recommendations and some nutrients showed correlation with chosen clinical laboratory measurements. Besides, DEI and DPI were below and above recommended levels, respectively, for most patients. Besides, more than one-third of the participants had phosphorus intakes above recommendation. These non-optimal dietary nutrient intakes may contribute to fast clinical deterioration and mortality.
Anaphylaxis caused by butylscopolamine bromide: a case report
Authors: Shiraishi Toshie , Nakamura Mitsuyo , Horiuchi Tatsuo , Takazawa Tomonori 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
There have been only few reports on butylscopolamine-induced anaphylaxis despite its global usage as an anticholinergic agent for approximately 70 years. We present a case of anaphylaxis caused by butylscopolamine.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old woman underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. She developed facial cyanosis and hypoxia after intravenous administration of butylscopolamine 10 mg, and her blood pressure was unmeasurable. Her hemodynamic condition recovered after a total of 0.6 mg adrenaline and bolus administration of 100 mg hydrocortisone. One hour after the onset of hypotension, both plasma histamine and serum tryptase were remarkably elevated to 271.7 nmol/L and 174 μg/L, respectively. Skin tests performed 47 days after anaphylaxis showed a positive result only for butylscopolamine among the exposed agents, which was confirmed by basophil activation tests using CD203c and CD63 as markers.

Conclusion
Butylscopolamine has the potential to cause severe anaphylaxis; hence, identification of the causative agent is important to prevent recurrence of anaphylaxis.
Ins1-Cre and Ins1-CreER Gene Replacement Alleles Are Susceptible To Silencing By DNA Hypermethylation
Authors: Mosleh Elham , Ou Kristy , Haemmerle Matthew W , Tembo Teguru , Yuhas Andrew , Carboneau Bethany A , Townsend Shannon E , Bosma Karin J , Gannon Maureen , O’Brien Richard M , Stoffers Doris A , Golson Maria L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Targeted gene ablation studies of the endocrine pancreas have long suffered from suboptimal Cre deleter strains. In many cases, Cre lines purportedly specific for beta cells also displayed expression in other islet endocrine cells or in a subset of neurons in the brain. Several pancreas and endocrine Cre lines have experienced silencing or mosaicism over time. In addition, many Cre transgenic constructs were designed to include the hGH mini-gene, which by itself increases beta-cell replication and decreases beta-cell function. More recently, driver lines with Cre or CreER inserted into the Ins1 locus were generated, with the intent of producing β cell-specific Cre lines with faithful recapitulation of insulin expression. These lines were bred in multiple labs to several different mouse lines harboring various lox alleles. In our hands, the ability of the Ins1-Cre and Ins1-CreER lines to delete target genes varied from that originally reported, with both alleles displaying low levels of expression, increased levels of methylation compared to the wild-type allele, and ultimately inefficient or absent target deletion. Thus, caution is warranted in the interpretation of results obtained with these genetic tools, and Cre expression and activity should be monitored regularly when using these lines.
Case Report: Acute hydrotherapy with super-saturated hydrogen-rich water for ankle sprain in a professional athlete
Authors: Javorac Dejan , Stajer Valdemar , Ostojic Sergej 
Published: April 2020

Background: The traditional treatment of soft tissue injuries consists of the RICE protocol – rest, ice, compression, and elevation, followed for up to 72 hours after a trauma. Although designed as an immediate therapy to reduce inflammation that occurs after an acute injury, the RICE protcol might not be the best way to promote healing due to limiting blood flow. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently been put forward as a possible adjuvant treatment in musculoskeletal medicine, yet limited data are available concerning its effectiveness as a first-aid intervention. Case report: We report here a case of an elite professional athlete who suffered a grade II ankle sprain, and who subsequently received six sessions of ankle and foot hydrotherapy (e.g. 30-min at every four hours) with super-saturated hydrogen-rich water during the first 24 hours post-injury. The pain VAS self‐completed by the patient dropped from 50 points (moderate pain) at baseline (immediately after injury) to 20 points (mild pain) at 24-h follow-up. Ankle swelling dropped by 2.8% and dorsiflexion range of movement improved by 27.9% from baseline to follow-up, respectively. Conclusions: Our case has indicated that an acute multi-session hydrotherapy with hydrogen-rich water might be a helpful treatment in terms of pain, swelling reduction and regaining range of motion after an ankle sprain.
Multibeam x-ray optical system for high-speed tomography
Authors: Voegeli Wolfgang , Kajiwara Kentaro , Kudo Hiroyuki , Shirasawa Tetsuroh , Liang Xiaoyu , Yashiro Wataru 
Published: April 2020

X-ray tomography is a powerful method for visualizing the
three-dimensional structure of an object with a high spatial
resolution. Conventional time-resolved x-ray tomography using
synchrotron radiation requires fast rotation of the object, which
limits the temporal resolution and hampers its application to, e.g.,
fluids and in vivo observation of living
beings. Here, we present a multibeam x-ray optical system for
high-speed 4D tomography, which can obtain projection images of a
sample in a wide angular range simultaneously. It consists of about
three dozen single-crystalline blades oriented with different angles
to the incident beam, which each Bragg-reflect a part of the incident
x-rays in the direction of the sample position. Thirty-two projection
images covering an angular range of more than

±

70

∘

were obtained without
moving the sample or optical system, with an exposure time of 1 ms.
The data set was successfully used for reconstructing the
three-dimensional structure of two test samples. The optical system
provides the basis for realizing millisecond time resolution x-ray
tomography of nonrepeatable phenomena, and can be expected to be
useful for other applications as well, for example, for time-resolved
element-specific imaging.
The differential effects of related and unrelated emotions on judgments about media messages
Authors: Kühne Rinaldo , Poggiolini Claudia , Wirth Werner 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of related and unrelated emotions on judgments about a news article. An experimental study was designed to manipulate both the relatedness of an elicited emotion (i. e., anger) to the news article and processing depth. Following mood and emotion effects theory, related anger was expected to have a stronger effect on judgments about the media message than unrelated anger. Processing depth was expected to moderate this effect. The results showed a main effect of relatedness and a main effect of processing depth, but the interaction effect was not found. Implications of the findings for understanding how emotions influence the processing of media stimuli are discussed.
Emotion metaphors in James Joyce’sA Portrait of the artist as a young man
Authors: Reali Florencia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCognitive stylistics provides a framework for analysis of conceptual metaphors in literature, as a way to approach fictional characters’ mind styles. Here, cognitive linguistic tools are applied to characterize the metaphorical expressions of emotion in James Joyce’sA portrait of the artist as a young man. A number of conceptual metaphors were identified in relation toanger, lust, shame, pride, fear, happinessandsadness, among others. Creative uses of language came to light, both by means of novel conceptual mappings and original linguistic realizations of more conventional metaphors. Original expressions revealed aspects of mind style of the novel’s main character, particularly in relation to his struggle with negative emotions. For example, anger and resentment are conceptualized as a sort of covering that could be effortlessly detached from the body, while shame-related feelings are experienced as threatening floods. From a methodological perspective, this study illustrates the advantages of cognitive stylistic tools for the analysis of literary work.