bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in a Large Population Sample
Authors: van Paridon Pauline C. S. , Panova-Noeva Marina , Wild Philipp S. , van Oerle Rene , Schulz Andreas , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Arnold Natalie , Schmidtmann Irene , Beutel Manfred , Pfeiffer Norbert , Münzel Thomas , Lackner Karl J. , Hackeng Tilman M. , ten Cate Hugo , Spronk Henri M. H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potent anticoagulant protein in the extrinsic coagulation pathway. In the present study, we aim to identify the cardiovascular determinants for total TFPI activity and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality.
Methods Total TFPI activity was assessed in a selection of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (n = 5,000). Statistical analysis was performed to identify the determinants for total TFPI activity as well as the associations with CVD and mortality.
Results Multivariable linear regression analysis identified smoking (β 0.095 [0.054–0.136]) as a positive determinant for total TFPI activity, while diabetes (β –0.072 [–0.134 to –0.009]), obesity (β –0.063 [–0.101 to –0.024]), and history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were negatively associated with total TFPI activity, independent of age, sex, and the remaining cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for lipoprotein levels, the association between total TFPI activity levels and obesity and CAD was lost. The analysis additionally revealed a strong positive association between total TFPI activity levels and low-density lipoprotein (β 0.221 [0.204–0.237]). The Cox regression models revealed that a higher total TFPI activity, above 97.5th percentile of the reference group, was associated with an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio = 2.58 [95% confidence interval: 1.49–4.47]), independent of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk profile.
Conclusion In the Gutenberg Health Study population-based cohort, the highest percentage of total TFPI correlated with an increased mortality risk. While elevated TFPI may reflect endothelial cell activation, the associations between total TFPI activity and obesity and CAD, points to additional mechanistic interactions.
Comparative Evaluation of Echinococcus Serology with Cytology for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
Authors: Mahajan Supriya , Thapar Shalini , Khillan Vikas , Gupta Pradheer , Rastogi Archana , Gupta Ekta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in radiologically confirmed liver mass lesions for the diagnosis of hepatic hydatid disease (HHD) and to compare the diagnostic performance of ELISA with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (taken as standard) for HHD diagnosis.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study included blood samples of 223 patients with radiologically confirmed liver mass lesions in which immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Echinococcus antibodies were tested using a commercial IgG ELISA (RIDASCREEN, R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany). Results of ELISA, ultrasonography, FNAC, and liver function tests were obtained from the hospital information system. ELISA results were compared with those of FNAC to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of ELISA for HHD diagnosis.
Statistical Analysis Comparison of the results obtained from ELISA was performed with respect to FNAC results (taken as standard) to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of ELISA for HHD detection. Data has been represented as median (range) or in frequencies. Wilson score was used to assess 95% confidence interval of diagnostic parameters. The analysis was performed using SPSS Version 22.0 (IBM Corp.) and Open Epi (version 3.01).
Results Out of 223 cases with liver mass lesions, Echinococcus IgG was reactive in 62 (28%) cases and FNAC was positive in 16 (7.2%) cases. Since two cases were FNAC-positive but IgG-nonreactive, total HHD cases were 64 (28.7%). Echinococcus IgG reactive cases were seen more in the extremes of age group, that is, 1 to 10 years and 81 to 90 years. Taking FNAC as the standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ELISA were 87.5, 76.8, 22.6, and 98.7%, respectively. Cytology-positive cases demonstrated a mean ELISA optical density/cut-off (OD/CO) of 4.2 ± 3 standard deviation.
Conclusion ELISA in radiologically confirmed liver mass cases is highly sensitive in detecting HHD and hence should be used along with ultrasonography for the screening of HHD followed by confirmation with cytology even in cases with a higher OD/CO of ELISA.
Data Collection at the Park
Authors: Bakken Clarence 
Published: September 2020

Data Collection at the Park
Frames of Reference
When we consider measurements at an amusement park, we must first determine which axis or axes of motion we wish to measure. In a stationary world, the directions up and down are determined by gravity. Normally we refer to positions on a section of horizontal ground using the labels X and Y relative to some arbitrary direction such as east or north. This leaves Z as the upward or –Z as the downward direction as shown in Fig. 1.
Modal analysis of finite-size piezoelectric metamaterial plates
Authors: Aghakhani Amirreza , Murat Gozum Mehmet , Basdogan Ipek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional electromechanical metamaterials composed of thin plates with local piezoelectric resonators can display extreme vibration attenuation characteristics at desired frequencies. The typical bandgap analyses in the literature use the assumption of wave propagation in an infinite elastic structure and do not consider the modal characteristics of the structure. However, for practical implementation and design of finite-size electromechanical metamaterials, modal behaviour of the host structure and piezoelectric elements must be coupled with the dynamics of shunt circuits. To this end, we present a system-level modal analysis framework for finite-size thin plates with a segregated array of piezo-patches connected to resonant shunt circuits. The developed model takes into account the spatially discontinuous flexural rigidity of the metamaterial plate due to discrete placement of piezoelectric resonators on the substrate. Using the developed framework, we show that the electrical quality factor of resonators is critical for transitioning from broadband shunt damping to bandgap formation in piezoelectric plate metamaterials. This enables on-demand tailoring of effective dynamic stiffness of metamaterial plates for the targeted task. Lastly, for a fixed number of discrete resonators, we demonstrate the effect of physical gap size between resonators on the bandgap creation. Overall, the modelling frameworks in this study can be used for predicting the dynamics of piezoelectric plate-type metamaterials for applications in waveguiding, attenuation, filtering, and energy harvesting.
Enhancement of current injection efficiency of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes by controlling strain relaxation
Authors: Hao Guo-Dong , Taniguchi Manabu , Inoue Shin-Ichiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The external quantum efficiency (EQE) in electrically injected AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is severely limited by their poor current injection efficiency (CIE). We report improvement in the CIE via controlling the relaxation of strains in the p-AlGaN hole injection layer (HIL) and the electron blocking layer (EBL). Simulation results show that an unrelaxed strain in the HIL associated with a relaxed strain in EBL can significantly enhance CIE. Deeper analysis indicates that high hole concentrations can be generated at HIL/EBL interface by strain-induced piezoelectric fields, which can then provide abundant numbers of holes for injection into quantum wells. Two sub-280 nm DUV-LEDs were fabricated with specific designs for different strain relaxations in the p-AlGaN HIL by changing the HIL thickness from 200 to 20 nm. The strain difference was identified using Raman spectroscopy. Electroluminescence measurements demonstrated much higher EQE in the strained-HIL DUV-LEDs. By separating the EQE contributions of three efficiencies, i.e. the CIE, the radiative recombination efficiency and the light extraction efficiency, we found that the EQE enhancement could mainly be attributed to the improved CIE, which agreed well with the simulation results.
Photoproduction of K
+Λ,

KS0Σ+

and K
+Σ0 on the proton
Authors: Egorov M V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
I analyze a possibility of building an isobar model of the kaon–hyperon pair photoproduction in the γp → K
+Λ,

γ
p
→

K

S

0

Σ

+

, and γp → K
+Σ processes, where the Born terms play a comparatively small role in the full amplitude. The total width of hadron resonances can be written in the form of a sum of partial contributions into the K
+Λ,

K

S

0

Σ

+

, and K
+Σ channels, and the effective inelastic channel with zero strangeness. The introduction of the effective inelastic channel makes it possible to partially restore the broken unitarity of the total amplitude of photoproduction. The latter includes the gauge-invariant Born and resonant s-, t-, and u-channel contributions calculated in the tree-level approximation. The obtained sets of hadron decay widths of intermediate resonances and coupling constants calculated using these decay widths allow one to equally well reproduce the total and some differential cross sections of the K
+Λ,

K

S

0

Σ

+

, and K
+Σ photoproduction.
Velocity, acceleration, jerk, snap and vibration: forces in our bodies during a roller coaster ride
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie , Eager David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Changing acceleration and forces are part of the excitement of a roller coaster ride. According to Newton’s second law,

F

=
m

a

, every part of our body must be exposed to a force to accelerate. Since our bodies are not symmetric, the direction of the force matters, and must be accounted for by ride designers. An additional complication is that not all parts of the body accelerate in the same way when the acceleration is changing, i.e. when there is jerk. Softer parts of the body provide varying levels of damping, and different parts of the body have different frequency responses and different resonance frequencies that should be avoided or reduced by the roller coaster designer. This paper discusses the effect of acceleration, jerk, snap and vibration on the experience and safety of roller coaster rides, using authentic data from a dive coaster as an example.
Laser-driven proton acceleration via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons into TiO2 nanotube array targets
Authors: Cristoforetti G , Baffigi F , Brandi F , D’Arrigo G , Fazzi A , Fulgentini L , Giove D , Koester P , Labate L , Maero G , Palla D , Romé M , Russo R , Terzani D , Tomassini P , Gizzi L A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper we report the measurement of laser-driven proton acceleration obtained by irradiating nanotube array targets with ultrashort laser pulses at an intensity in excess of 1020 W cm−2. The energetic spectra of forward accelerated protons show a larger flux and a higher proton cutoff energy if compared to flat foils of comparable thickness. Particle-In-Cell 2D simulations reveal that packed nanotube targets favour a better laser-plasma coupling and produce an efficient generation of fast electrons moving through the target. Due to their sub-wavelength size, the propagation of e.m. field into the tubes is made possible by the excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons, travelling down to the end of the target and assuring a continuous electron acceleration. The higher amount and energy of these electrons result in turn in a stronger electric sheath field on the rear surface of the target and in a more efficient acceleration of the protons via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism.
Patterns and isotopic composition of greenhouse gases under ice in lakes of interior Alaska
Authors: O’Dwyer Madeline , Butman David E , Striegl Robert G , Dornblaser Mark M , Wickland Kimberly P , Kuhn Catherine D , Bogard Matthew J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Arctic and boreal lake greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are an important component of regional carbon (C) budgets. Yet the magnitude and seasonal patterns of lake GHG emissions are poorly constrained, because sampling is limited in these remote landscapes, particularly during winter and shoulder seasons. To better define patterns of under ice GHG content (and emissions potential at spring thaw), we surveyed carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations and stable isotopic composition during winter of 2017 in 13 lakes in the arid Yukon Flats Basin of interior Alaska, USA. Partial pressures of CO2 and CH4 ranged over three orders of magnitude, were positively correlated, and CO2 exceeded CH4 at all but one site. Shallow, organic matter-rich lakes located at lower elevations tended to have the highest concentrations of both gases, though CH4 content was more heterogeneous and only abundant in oxygen-depleted lakes, while CO2 was negatively correlated to oxygen content. Isotopic values of CO2 spanned a narrow range (−10‰ to −23‰) compared to CH4, which ranged over 50‰ (−19‰ to −71‰), indicating CH4 source pathways and sink strength varied widely between lakes. Miller-Tans and Keeling plots qualitatively suggested two groups of lakes were present; one with isotopically enriched source CH4 possibly more dominated by acetoclastic methanogenesis, and one with depleted signatures suggesting a dominance of the hydrogenotrophic production. Overall, regional lake differences in winter under ice GHG content appear to track landscape position, oxygen, and organic matter content and composition, causing patterns to vary widely even within a relatively small geographic area of interior Alaska.
Logging residues for charcoal production through forest management in the Brazilian Amazon: economic gains and forest regrowth effects
Authors: Numazawa Camila T D , Krasovskiy Andrey , Kraxner Florian , Pietsch Stephan A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sustainable forest management (SFM) practices can potentially reverse loss of forest cover due to deforestation, while concomitantly preserving and maintaining biodiversity, and stimulating jobs, income, and forest services. Recent studies found that significant logging residues (LR) (i.e. leaves, branches, and buttress roots) suitable for bioenergy production were often left in the felling area, triggering risks of forest fires and increased CO2 emissions due to wildfires or decomposition processes. For impact assessment of forest management practices, we collected primary harvesting data and estimated net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for 13 forest plots in the Brazilian Amazon. We applied a process-based forestry growth model (BGC-Man) to analyze the impacts on forest dynamics of selective logging and removal of LR, subject to landscape, soil texture, and daily weather. We explored the following selective logging scenarios: the Legal Reserve (i.e. reference) scenario, a scenario with one cutting cycle over the whole period, and a scenario with three timber rotation periods of 30 yr. Two of the later scenarios were complemented with harvesting of the woody LR (Ø ⩾ 10 cm) for charcoal production. For each scenario, we computed forest NPP and NEE over a 120 yr time horizon. Results suggest that using woody LR (i.e. 77% of total LR) for charcoal production would result in an economic gain equivalent to 24%–46% of the timber price. Our findings indicate that under scenarios where LR were removed, forest NPP recovered to the reference level and even higher, while income and jobs from harvesting LR for charcoal production were generated. We conclude that SFM could enhance forest productivity and deliver economic benefit from otherwise unexploited LR.
An analytical method to connect open curves for modeling protein-bound DNA minicircles
Authors: Sabok-Sayr Seyed A , Olson Wilma K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We introduce an analytical method to generate the pathway of a closed protein-bound DNA minicircle. We develop an analytical equation to connect two open curves smoothly and use the derived expressions to join the ends of two helical pathways and form models of nucleosome-decorated DNA minicircles. We find that the simplest smooth connector which satisfies the boundary conditions at the end points and the length requirement for such connections to be a quartic function on the xy-plane and linear along the z-direction. This is a general method which can be used to connect any two open curves with well defined mathematical definitions as well as pairs of discrete systems found experimentally. We used this method to describe the configurations of torsionally relaxed, 360-base pair DNA rings with two evenly-spaced, ideal nucleosomes. We considered superhelical nucleosomal pathways with different levels of DNA wrapping and allowed for different inter-nucleosome orientations. We completed the DNA circles with the smooth connectors and studied the associated bending and electrostatic energies for different configurations in the absence and presence of salt. The predicted stable states bear close resemblance to reconstituted minicircles observed under low and high salt conditions.
Cubic interactions of arbitrary spin fields in 3d flat space
Authors: Metsaev R R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using light-cone gauge formulation, massive arbitrary spin irreducible fields and massless (scalar and spin one-half) fields in three-dimensional flat space are considered. Both the integer spin and half-integer spin fields are studied. For such fields, we provide classification for cubic interactions and obtain explicit expressions for all cubic interaction vertices. We study two forms of the cubic interaction vertices which we refer to as first-derivative form and higher-derivative form. All cubic interaction vertices are built by using the first-derivative form.
Real-time breath ammonia measurement using a novel cuprous bromide sensor device in patients with chronic liver disease: a feasibility and pilot study
Authors: Ishida Jinya , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Nakagawa Chika , Takano Keiko , Fujioka Kouki , Kikuchi Yoshio , Tsuboi Osamu , Ueda Kaoru , Nakano Masanori , Saeki Chisato , Torisu Yuichi , Ikeda Yuichi , Saruta Masayuki , Tsubota Akihito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We developed a small portable sensor device using a p-type semiconductor cuprous bromide (CuBr) thin film to measure breath ammonia in real time with highsensitivity and selectivity. Breath ammonia is reportedly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD). We aimed to assess the practical utility of the novel CuBr sensor device for exhaled breath ammonia and the correlation between breath and blood ammonia in CLD patients. This was a feasibility and pilot clinical study of 21 CLD patients and 18 healthy volunteers. Breath ammonia was directly and quickly measured using the novel CuBr sensor device and compared with blood ammonia measured at the same time. CLD patients had significantly higher breath ammonia levels than healthy subjects (p = 1.51 × 10−3), with the level of significance being similar to that for blood ammonia levels (p= 0.024). Significant differences were found in breath and blood ammonia between the healthy and cirrhosis groups (p = 2.97 × 10−3 and 3.76 × 10−3, respectively). Significant, positive correlations between breath and blood ammonia were noted in the CLD group (R = 0.747, p = 1.00 × 10−4), healthy/CLD group (R = 0.741, p = 6.75 × 10−8), and cirrhosis group (R = 0.744, p = 9.52 × 10−4). In conclusion, the newly developed, easy-to-use, and small portable CuBr sensor device was able to non-invasively measure breath ammonia in real time. Breath ammonia measured using the device was correlated with blood ammonia and the presence of liver cirrhosis, and might be an alternative surrogate biomarker to blood ammonia.
Impact of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide
Authors: Ghorbani Ramin , Blomberg Anders , Schmidt Florian M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The influence of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and related pulmonary gas exchange parameters is investigated in a study with 32 healthy non-smokers. Mid-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and well-controlled online sampling is used to precisely measure mouth- and nose-exhaled CO expirograms at exhalation flow rates (EFRs) of 250, 120 and 60 ml s−1, and for 10 s of breath-holding followed by exhalation at 120 ml s−1. A trumpet model with axial diffusion is employed to fit simulated exhalation profiles to the experimental expirograms, which provides equilibrium airway and alveolar CO concentrations and the average lung diffusing capacity in addition to end-tidal concentrations. For all breathing maneuvers, excellent agreement is found between mouth- and nose-exhaled end-tidal CO (ETCO), and the individual values for ETCO and alveolar diffusing capacity are consistent across maneuvers. The eCO parameters clearly show a dependence on EFR, where the lung diffusing capacity increases with EFR, while ETCO slightly decreases. End-tidal CO is largely independent of ambient air CO and alveolar diffusing capacity. While airway CO is slightly higher than, and correlates strongly with, ambient air CO, and there is a weak correlation with ETCO, the results point to negligible endogenous airway CO production in healthy subjects. An EFR of around 120 ml s−1 can be recommended for clinical eCO measurements. The employed method provides means to measure variations in endogenous CO, which can improve the interpretation of exhaled CO concentrations and the diagnostic value of eCO tests in clinical studies.

Clinical trial registration number: 2017/306-31
Verbal Short-Form FSIQ Estimations for Possible Use With Individuals With Motor and Visual Impairment or in Virtual Environments
Authors: Merz Zachary C , Lace John W , Garcia Julian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Abbreviated and virtual neuropsychological assessment practices are growing in popularity and viable alternatives to traditional testing methods are needed, especially in the face of global health concerns. This study generated and examined short form (SF) full-scale IQ (FSIQ) estimations, which lend themselves to virtual test administration.

Methods
Archival data were procured from 318 concurrent cognitive evaluations at a university clinic. Twenty-six unique SF combinations, including dyads, triads, tetrads, and pentads, were created from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition (WAIS-IV) subtests within verbal comprehension and working memory indices due to these tests’ ability to be administered without visual stimuli or psychomotor involvement.

Results
Stepwise regression analyses revealed 9 SF combinations (i.e., 1 pentad, 3 tetrads, 2 triads, and 3 dyads) that significantly accounted for unique variance in FSIQ scores and provided good accuracy estimating FSIQ.

Conclusion
Results suggest the potential viability of verbal WAIS-IV SF FSIQ estimations for clinical use when assessing patients with motor or visual impairments, as well as performing tele-neuropsychological services.