bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementing filling material removal with XP‐Endo Finisher R or R1‐Clearsonic ultrasonic insert during retreatment of oval canals from contralateral teeth
Authors: Tavares Sandro J.O. , Gomes Cinthya C. , Marceliano‐Alves Marília F. , Guimarães Ludmila C. , Provenzano José C. , Amoroso‐Silva Pablo , Machado André G. , Siqueira Jr José F. , Alves Flávio R.F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study compared the efficacy of XP‐Endo Finisher R and R1‐Clearsonic insert in removing filling material remnants from oval canals. Twelve pairs of contralateral premolars were treated and subsequently retreated with Reciproc 50. A supplementary procedure with XP‐Endo Finisher R or R1‐Clearsonic was performed. Micro‐computed tomography was used to quantify the filling material volume in the full canal and apical segment lengths. Intragroup analyses revealed significant reduction of filling material after both procedures, not only in the full canal but also in the apical segment (P < 0.05). The amount of filling material removed with XP‐Endo Finisher R and R1‐Clearsonic was 47.9% and 52.2% in the apical segment (P > 0.05), and 82.1% and 64.6% in the full canal (P < 0.05). None of the instruments was effective in completely removing the filling material from the apical canal, but better results were obtained with XP‐Endo Finisher R in the total canal length.
“Follow the Tree Flowers”: Fugitive Mapping in Beloved
Authors: Kelley Elleza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article attempts to analyse mapping practices at the intersection of geography, black studies and literary studies, in order to reassess the political and pedagogical possibilities of mapping under late capitalism. I turn to Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved to track black cartographic practices otherwise obscured or, as Katherine McKittrick writes, “rendered ungeographic”. The novel offers a hidden and unauthorised archive for the often clandestine geographic practices that make possible fugitivity from the mechanics of “slaveholding agro‐capitalism” and its ongoing legacy. As an unofficial archive of black geographic practice, Morrison’s novel might itself be thought of as a map: a contemporary mode of memorialising the depth of place, relation, and navigation—a depth no two‐dimensional map can accommodate. Finally, this article demonstrates the valuable interventions that black studies and black creative production can make within the subfields of critical cartography and critical geography.
Vitamin D insufficiency among Danish pregnant women—Prevalence and association with adverse obstetric outcomes and placental vitamin D metabolism
Authors: Vestergaard Anna Louise , Justesen Signe , Volqvartz Tabia , Aagaard Sissel K. , Andreasen Mette F. , Lesnikova Iana , Uldbjerg Niels , Larsen Agnete , Bor Pinar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. The underlying mechanisms are not known, but placental dysfunction is believed to play a role. In a Danish population, where health authorities recommend a 10 µg/day vitamin D supplement during pregnancy, we explored current use of vitamin D supplements and vitamin D status. In term placentas, alterations in vitamin D metabolism and placental growth, evaluated by the key placental growth factor pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), and their relation to vitamin D insufficiency were investigated.Material and methodsWe included 225 randomly selected pregnant women attending a nuchal translucency scan at gestational weeks 11‐14. Information on use of vitamin D supplements and body mass index (BMI) at inclusion was obtained using self‐reported questionnaires. Plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was measured at inclusion and correlated with pregnancy outcomes and placental biology, as judged by expression of PAPP‐A and enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism (CYP24A1, CYP27B1) in term placentas.ResultsVitamin D supplements were used by 92% of the women, but 42% were vitamin D insufficient (plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D <75 nmol/L). Eleven women with singleton pregnancies developed fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia. In this small subset, first‐trimester mean plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was lower in women who developed fetal growth restriction (43 ± 33nmol/L; n = 3; P = .006) and there was a tendency towards lower plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D among women who developed preeclampsia (65 ± 19 nmol/L; n = 8; P = .08) in third trimester compared with uncomplicated pregnancies (79 ± 22 nmol/L; n = 187). In term placentas, PAPP‐A expression was lower among participants with first‐trimester vitamin D insufficiency (P = .009; n = 30) but no correlation was found between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and mRNA expression of CYP24A1 (P = .67) and CYP27B1 (P = .34). BMI was negatively correlated with plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (P = .03) and positively correlated with placental mRNA expression of CYP24A1 (P = .003; n = 30).ConclusionsDespite high compliance with official guidelines regarding vitamin D supplements, vitamin D insufficiency was frequent and the findings indicate that vitamin D insufficiency may affect placental growth. High BMI was associated with vitamin D insufficiency and increased placental vitamin D turnover, but further investigations are needed.
Patient‐specific in vitro testing for evaluating TAVR clinical performance—A complementary approach to current ISO standard testing
Authors: Kovarovic Brandon J. , Rotman Oren M. , Parikh Puja , Slepian Marvin J. , Bluestein Danny 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing in vitro tests established for surgical prosthetic heart valves, transcatheter aortic valves (TAV) are similarly tested in idealized geometries—excluding effects that may hamper TAVR performance in situ. Testing in vitro in pulse duplicator systems that incorporated patient‐specific replicas would enhance the testing veracity by bringing it closer to the clinical scenario. To that end we compare TAV hemodynamic performance tested in idealized geometries according to the ISO standard (baseline performance) to that obtained by testing the TAVs following deployment in patient‐specific replicas. Balloon‐expandable (n = 2) and self‐expandable (n = 3) TAVs were tested in an idealized geometry in mock‐circulation system (following ISO 5840‐3 guidelines) and compared to the measurements in a dedicated mock‐circulation system adapted for the five patient‐specific replicas. Patient‐specific deployments resulted in a decline in performance as compared to the baseline idealized testing, as well as a variation in performance that depended on the design features of each device that was further correlated with the radial expansion and eccentricity of the deployed TAV stent (obtained with CT‐scans of the deployed valves). By excluding the deployment effects in irregular geometries, the current idealized ISO testing is limited to characterize the baseline device performance. Utilizing patient‐specific anatomic contours provides performance indicators under more stringent conditions likely encountered in vivo. It has the potential to enhance testing and development complementary to the ISO standard, for improved TAV safety and effectiveness.
Laparoscopically assisted anorectoplasty—Surgical procedures and outcomes: A literature review
Authors: Ishimaru Tetsuya , Kawashima Hiroshi , Hayashi Kentaro , Omata Kanako , Sanmoto Yohei , Inoue Maho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnorectal malformation includes various types of anomalies. The goal of definitive surgery is achievement of fecal continence. Twenty years have passed since laparoscopically assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP) was reported by Georgeson. Since LAARP is gaining popularity, its long‐term outcomes should be evaluated. Presently, there is no evidence regarding the optimal method of ligating and dividing the fistula correctly and creating the pull‐through canal accurately. Rectal prolapse and remnant of the original fistula (ROOF) tend to develop more often in LAARP patients than in posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) patients; however, robust evidence is not available. Prolapse may be prevented by suture fixation of the rectum to the presacral fascia; however, if prolapse occurs, the indication, timing, and the best method for surgical correction remain unclear. Most patients with ROOF are asymptomatic, and there is controversy regarding the indications for ROOF resection. This article aimed to detail the various modifications of the LAARP procedures reported previously and to describe the surgical outcomes, particularly focusing on rectal prolapse, ROOF, and fecal continence, by reviewing the literature. Functional outcomes after LAARP were almost similar to those noted after PSARP, and we have demonstrated that LAARP is not inferior to PSARP with respect to fecal continence. Although there is controversy regarding the application of LAARP for recto‐bulbar cases, we believe that LAARP is still evolving, and we can achieve better outcomes by improving the procedure.
A multiple methods evaluation of a cognitive behavioural therapy group for people with learning disabilities and anxiety
Authors: Giannaki Rengina , Hewitt Olivia 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summary

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can help individuals with learning disabilities and anxiety.

A group was run to help people to manage their anxiety and to feel better.

At the end participants and their supporters fed back their experiences of the group and filled in questionnaires to measure their anxiety and psychological distress.

The group seems to reduce people's anxiety.

This report adds to a growing body of existing literature demonstrating some benefits of CBT for people with learning disabilities and anxiety.

AbstractBackgroundExisting studies show mixed results of the effectiveness of CBT for people with learning disabilities and anxiety.MethodA CBT group was run for people with learning disabilities and anxiety, who attended with a supporter. Qualitative interviews were conducted post‐group and analysed using thematic analysis. Standardised questionnaires measuring anxiety, psychological distress and overall functioning were administered at pre‐ and post‐group, and at follow‐up.ResultsParticipants’ anxiety decreased overall post‐group, which remained largely at follow‐up. The group and the supporters’ involvement was helpful. Both supporters and participants recalled coping strategies that were presented in the group. Three out of four participants found attending a group challenging initially. The supporters seem to have specific expectations about the impact of the group.ConclusionsThe results of the study are consistent with the existing, growing body of evidence which supports the use of CBT for people with learning disabilities and anxiety.
S‐adenosylmethionine: A metabolite critical to the regulation of autophagy
Authors: Ouyang Yang , Wu Qi , Li Juanjuan , Sun Si , Sun Shengrong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutophagy is a mechanism that enables cells to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing damaged materials and mobilizing energy reserves in conditions of starvation. Although nutrient availability strongly impacts the process of autophagy, the specific metabolites that regulate autophagic responses have not yet been determined. Recent results indicate that S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) represents a critical inhibitor of methionine starvation–induced autophagy. SAM is primarily involved in four key metabolic pathways: transmethylation, transsulphuration, polyamine synthesis and 5′‐deoxyadenosyl 5′‐radical–mediated biochemical transformations. SAM is the sole methyl group donor involved in the methylation of DNA, RNA and histones, modulating the autophagic process by mediating epigenetic effects. Moreover, the metabolites of SAM, such as homocysteine, glutathione, decarboxylated SAM and spermidine, also exert important influences on the regulation of autophagy. From our perspective, nuclear‐cytosolic SAM is a conserved metabolic inhibitor that connects cellular metabolic status and the regulation of autophagy. In the future, SAM might be a new target of autophagy regulators and be widely used in the treatment of various diseases.
Good Manufacturing Practice‐Grade of Megakaryocytes Produced by a Novel Ex Vivo Culturing Platform
Authors: Guan Xin , Wang Lan , Wang Hanlu , Wang Huihui , Dai Wei , Jiang Yongping 
Published: October 2020

Ex vivo (EV)‐derived megakaryocytes (MKs) have shown great promise as a substitute for platelets in transfusion medicine to alleviate a severe shortage of donor‐platelets. Challenges remain that include poor efficiency, a limited scale of production, and undefined short‐term storage conditions of EV‐derived MKs. This study aims to develop a high‐efficiency system for large‐scale production of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)‐grade MKs and determine the short‐term storage condition for the MKs. A roller‐bottle culture system was introduced to produce GMP‐grade MKs from small‐molecule/cytokine cocktail expanded hematopoietic stem cells. Various buffer systems and temperatures for the short‐term storage of MKs were assessed by cell viability, biomarker expression, and DNA ploidy levels. MKs stored for 24 hours were transplanted into sublethally irradiated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice to confirm their platelet‐releasing and tissue‐homing ability in vivo. A yield of ~ 2.5 × 104 CD41a+/CD42b+ MKs with purity of ~ 80% was achieved from one original cord blood CD34+ cell. Compared with the static culture, the roller‐bottle culture system significantly enhanced megakaryopoiesis, as shown by the cell size, DNA ploidy, and megakaryopoiesis‐related gene expression. The optimal storage condition for the MKs was defined as normal saline with 10% human serum albumin at 22℃. Stored MKs were capable of rapidly producing functional platelets and largely distributing in the lungs of NOD/SCID mice. The novel development of efficient production and storage system for GMP‐grade MKs represents a significant step toward application of these MKs in the clinic.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration versus biopsy for diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: Systematic review and comparative meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoon Seung Bae , Moon Sung‐Hoon , Song Tae Jun , Kim Jong Hyeok , Kim Myung‐Hwan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is recommended for guiding the acquisition of pancreatic tissue in patients with suspected autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Data comparing EUS‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and fine needle biopsy (FNB) sampling in the diagnosis of AIP are limited.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid MEDLINE databases was conducted until April 2020. The pooled rates of diagnostic yield for the histologic criteria of AIP, histologic tissue procurement, and adverse events were compared between FNA and FNB. Diagnostic yields were also compared between 19 gauge (G) and 22G needles.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included nine studies comprising 309 patients with AIP who underwent FNA and seven studies comprising 131 patients who underwent FNB. The pooled diagnostic yields for level 1 or 2 histology criteria of AIP were 55.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 37.0–73.9%, I2 = 91.1) for FNA and 87.2% (95% CI 68.8–98.1%, I2 = 69.4) for FNB (P = 0.030). The pooled histologic procurement rates for FNA and FNB were 91.3% (95% CI, 84.9–97.6%, I2 = 82.9) and 87.0% (95% CI, 77.8–96.1%, I2 = 40.0), respectively (P = 0.501). Adverse events were comparable between two groups. When analyzed by needle size, the diagnostic yield was better with a 19G needle than with a 22G needle (88.9% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe diagnostic yield may be better with FNB needles than with FNA needles for the diagnosis of AIP, despite the similar rate of histologic tissue procurement. A quantitative definition for the histologic sample adequacy for AIP may be warranted.
More than the sum of its parts: Exploring the development of ratio magnitude versus simple magnitude perception
Authors: Park Yunji , Viegut Alexandria A. , Matthews Percival G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans perceptually extract quantity information from our environments, be it from simple stimuli in isolation, or from relational magnitudes formed by taking ratios of pairs of simple stimuli. Some have proposed that these two types of magnitude are processed by a common system, whereas others have proposed separate systems. To test these competing possibilities, the present study examined the developmental trajectories of simple and relational magnitude discrimination and relations among these abilities for preschoolers (n = 42), 2nd‐graders (n = 31), 5th‐graders (n = 29), and adults (n = 32). Participants completed simple magnitude and ratio discrimination tasks in four different nonsymbolic formats, using dots, lines, circles, and irregular blobs. All age cohorts accurately discriminated both simple and ratio magnitudes. Discriminability differed by format such that performance was highest with line and lowest with dot stimuli. Moreover, developmental trajectories calculated for each format were similar across simple and ratio discriminations. Although some characteristics were similar for both types of discrimination, ratio acuity in a given format was more closely related with ratio acuities in alternate formats than to within‐format simple magnitude acuity. Results demonstrate that ratio magnitude processing shares several similarities to simple magnitude processing, but is also substantially different.
In vivo imaging of neural circuit formation in the neonatal mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Iwasato Takuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigher brain function in mammals primarily relies on complex yet sophisticated neuronal circuits in the neocortex. In early developmental stages, neocortical circuits are coarse. Mostly postnatally, the circuits are reorganized to establish mature precise connectivity, in an activity‐dependent manner. These connections underlie adult brain function. The rodent somatosensory cortex (barrel cortex) contains a barrel map in layer 4 (L4) and has been considered an ideal model for the study of postnatal neuronal circuit formation since the first report of barrels in 1970. Recently, two‐photon microscopy has been used for analyses of neuronal circuit formation in the mammalian brain during early postnatal development. These studies have further highlighted the mouse barrel cortex as an ideal model. In particular, the unique dendritic projection pattern of barrel cortex L4 spiny stellate neurons (barrel neurons) is key for the precise one‐to‐one functional relationship between whiskers and barrels and thus an important target of studies. In this article, I will review the morphological aspects of postnatal development of neocortical circuits revealed by recent two‐photon in vivo imaging studies of the mouse barrel cortex and other related works. The focus of this review will be on barrel neuron dendritic refinement during neonatal development.
Resource use by omnivorous fish: Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on key ecological aspects of individuals
Authors: Fernando Adriana Maria Espinóza , Súarez Yzel Rondon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResource use by organisms is mainly influenced by factors such as the morphology of individuals and the diversity and abundance of resources. For omnivores, the influence of these factors is more complex, as they have a morphology adapted to access different trophic levels, and any change in the environment can affect the quality or availability of resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the use of resources by omnivorous fish. We analysed the diet of 107 individuals of Astyanax lineatus in headwater streams in the Pantanal plateau, Brazil. We analysed the influence of body size and the characteristics of streams on the dietary composition, proportion of allochthonous items, trophic niche width and trophic position of individuals. These alimentary parameters were mainly influenced by body size and environmental variables, such as stream vegetation cover, flow, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. Allochthonous resources were more important to the diet of our model fish. We observed that larger individuals are more specialists than medium‐sized individuals and the trophic position decreases with increasing body size. Basically, three factors may have contributed to these results: large supply of carbon‐rich resources; morphology adapted for the consumption of larger, harder and carbon‐rich foods; and the interaction of increased body size and the high temperatures in the Neotropical region that can increase the demand for carbon for energy production.
Dispersal network heterogeneity promotes species coexistence in hierarchical competitive communities
Authors: Zhang Helin , Bearup Daniel , Nijs Ivan , Wang Shaopeng , Barabás György , Tao Yi , Liao Jinbao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance is a fundamental issue in ecology. The possibility that species disperse within the landscape along differing paths presents a relatively unexplored mechanism by which diversity could emerge. By embedding a classical metapopulation model within a network framework, we explore how access to different dispersal networks can promote species coexistence. While it is clear that species with the same demography cannot coexist stably on shared dispersal networks, we find that coexistence is possible on unshared networks, as species can surprisingly form self‐organised clusters of occupied patches with the most connected patches at the core. Furthermore, a unimodal biodiversity response to an increase in species colonisation rates or average patch connectivity emerges in unshared networks. Increasing network size also increases species richness monotonically, producing characteristic species–area curves. This suggests that, in contrast to previous predictions, many more species can co‐occur than the number of limiting resources.
Evaluating the success of reintroduction of Pāteke (Brown Teal) to lake and forest habitats in a predator‐controlled preserve in New Zealand
Authors: Sheridan Katie , Waldman John 
Published: October 2020

SummaryMany of New Zealand’s native bird species have declined due to introduction of exotic mammalian predators and habitat loss. Captive breeding and reintroduction of birds to predator‐controlled environments offer a promising means for species recovery. However, these actions pose challenges to a founder population’s ability to become established. This study evaluates home range attributes and roosting and foraging patterns within Zealandia Ecosanctuary (Wellington) of Pāteke (Brown Teal) with the goal of assessing suitability of forested, predator‐controlled sanctuaries as future Pāteke release sites, a habitat type currently considered as unsuitable to the species or of marginal quality. VHF telemetry and motion‐sensing cameras were used to track seven forest‐dwelling Pāteke (‘bush Pāteke’) and three lake‐dwelling Pāteke (‘lake Pāteke’). Lake Pāteke home range size (mean = 3.52 ha) was significantly smaller than for bush Pāteke (mean = 24.71 ha). Mean roost distance to the nearest lake was significantly shorter for lake Pāteke (mean = 3 m) than that of bush Pāteke (mean = 643 m). Two estimates of the percentage of lake edge to forest stream foraging distance percentage were significantly greater for lake Pāteke (mean = 56.1% or 59.0%) than that of bush Pāteke (mean = 5.3% or 5.7%). Forested habitats provide suitable release sites for Pāteke provided that several conditions are met: predator control must be ongoing; a flock site must be available; supplemental feeders should be available temporarily upon release; and the site must be large enough to accommodate at least 50 pairs of Pāteke.