bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First International Multi‐Disciplinary Serial Publication Devoted to Marine Science: Les Fonds de la Mer?
Authors: Dolan John R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe first serial publication devoted to marine science appears to be a French title, published from 1867 to 1887, “Les Fonds de la Mer” (The Bottom of the Sea). It was an unusual publication, published irregularly in issues of 16 pages with plates. Very few copies exist in libraries and apparently no library holds an original complete set of the text and plates. The serial contains an early example of citizen science, reporting on the composition of sediment samples collected from around the globe by ship captains and other individuals. It provides intriguing insights into the development of marine science discipline as well as competitive aspirations of different nations in the second half of the 19th century. Many new species, largely molluscs and crustaceans, were described. Most of the species described as new were later found to be synonyms of previously described species, but today 146 of the species descriptions are recognized as valid original descriptions. Combining reports on the chemical and physical composition of sediments and benthic fauna, the first marine serial can be characterized as multidisciplinary. Les Fonds de la Mer is still being cited today.
Validation of histogram‐based virtual source models for different IGRT kV‐imaging systems
Authors: Boissonnat G. , Chesneau H. , Barat E. , Dautremer T. , Garcia‐Hernandez J.‐C. , Lazaro D. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeImage‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) improves tumor control but its intensive use may entrain late side effects caused by the additional imaging doses. There is a need to better quantify the additional imaging doses, so they can be integrated in the therapeutic workflow. Currently, no dedicated software enables to compute patient‐specific imaging doses on a wide range of systems and protocols. As a first step toward this objective, we propose a common methodology to model four different kV‐imaging systems used in radiotherapy (Varian’s OBI, Elekta's XVI, Brainlab's ExacTrac, and Accuray's Cyberknife) using a new type of virtual source model based on Monte Carlo calculations.MethodsWe first describe our method to build a simplified description of the photon output, or virtual source models (VSMs), of each imaging system. Instead of being constructed using measurement data, as it is most commonly the case, our VSM is used as the summary of the phase‐space files (PSFs) resulting from a first Monte Carlo simulation of the considered x‐ray tube. Second, the VSM is used as a photon generator for a second MC simulation in which we compute the dose. Then, the proposed VSM is thoroughly validated against standard MC simulation using PSFs on the XVI system. Last, each modeled system is compared to profiles and depth‐dose‐curve measurements performed in homogeneous phantom.ResultsComparisons between PSF‐based and VSM‐based calculations highlight that VSMs could provide equivalent dose results (within 1% of difference) than PSFs inside the imaging field‐of‐view (FOV). In contrast, VSMs tend to underestimate (for up to 20%) calculated doses outside of the imaging FOV due to the assumptions underlying the VSM construction. In addition, we showed that the use of VSMs allows reducing calculation time by at least a factor of 2.8. Indeed, for identical simulation times, statistical uncertainties on dose distributions computed using VSMs were much lower than those obtained from PSF‐based calculations.ConclusionsFor each of the four imaging systems, VSMs were successfully validated against measurements in homogeneous phantoms, and are therefore ready to be used for future preclinical studies in heterogeneous or anthropomorphic phantoms. The cross system modeling methodology developed here should enable, later on, to estimate precisely and accurately patient‐specific 3D dose maps delivered during a large range of kV‐imaging procedures.
Asymmetric deformation density analysis in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Amini Samad , Azami Seyed Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrons and holes as charge carriers appear when a molecular system is exposed to external electric field. For nonsymmetric molecules, the distribution of charge carriers is also nonsymmetric. Although symmetric distribution of charge carriers is expected when the molecular system is symmetric, as the present work shows, they are not symmetric unexpectedly; that is, electrons and holes are not each other's mirror images. In this respect, asymmetric deformation density analysis is introduced to measure the extent of asymmetric distribution of electrons and holes as charge carriers when the symmetric system is exposed to symmetric external potential. Segments of (5,0) carbon nanotubes with different lengths are selected as symmetric systems, and a linear electric field is applied along the principal axis as symmetric potential. Results show that, at high electric fields, electrons tend to localize at the ends, while holes tend to occupy the middle area of carbon nanotube segments. While charge carriers play a vital role in molecular conductivity, asymmetric distribution of electrons and holes in symmetric systems has not yet been reported.
Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine
Authors: Khan Muhammad Muzamil , Noor Amna , Madni* Asadullah , Shafiq Mudassir 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn late December 2019, a group of patients was observed with pneumonia‐like symptoms that were linked with a wet market in Wuhan, China. The patients were found to have a novel coronavirus genetically related to a bat coronavirus that was termed SARS‐CoV‐2. The virus gradually spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by WHO. Scientists have started trials on potential preventive and treatment options. Currently, there is no specific approved treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2, and various clinical trials are underway to explore better treatments. Some previously approved antiviral and other drugs have shown some in vitro activity. Here we summarize the fight against this novel coronavirus with particular focus on the different treatment options and clinical trials exploring treatment as well as work done toward development of vaccines.
Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in a 3xTg model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Losurdo Morris , Pedrazzoli Matteo , D'Agostino Claudia , Elia Chiara A. , Massenzio Francesca , Lonati Elena , Mauri Mario , Rizzi Laura , Molteni Laura , Bresciani Elena , Dander Erica , D'Amico Giovanna , Bulbarelli Alessandra , Torsello Antonio , Matteoli Michela , Buffelli Mario , Coco Silvia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe critical role of neuroinflammation in favoring and accelerating the pathogenic process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) increased the need to target the cerebral innate immune cells as a potential therapeutic strategy to slow down the disease progression. In this scenario, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have risen considerable interest thanks to their immunomodulatory properties, which have been largely ascribed to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes and microvesicles. Indeed, the beneficial effects of MSC-EVs in regulating the inflammatory response have been reported in different AD mouse models, upon chronic intravenous or intracerebroventricular administration. In this study, we use the triple-transgenic 3xTg mice showing for the first time that the intranasal route of administration of EVs, derived from cytokine-preconditioned MSCs, was able to induce immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in AD. MSC-EVs reached the brain, where they dampened the activation of microglia cells and increased dendritic spine density. MSC-EVs polarized in vitro murine primary microglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype suggesting that the neuroprotective effects observed in transgenic mice could result from a positive modulation of the inflammatory status. The possibility to administer MSC-EVs through a noninvasive route and the demonstration of their anti-inflammatory efficacy might accelerate the chance of a translational exploitation of MSC-EVs in AD.Significance statement In the attempt to find a possible cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being investigated for therapeutic purposes thanks to their protective and anti-inflammatory properties. The results from this study show that MSC-EVs operate in dampening inflammation (that favors and accelerates the pathogenic process in AD) and in inducing neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, they sustain the delivery of MSC-EVs through the intranasal route, being safe and low invasive, thus laying the foundation for a translational future exploitation of MSC-EVs toward therapy.
Comparative Insight into the Performance of Two Different Amine‐Functionalized CNTs for the Chemical Speciation of Chromium
Authors: Sharma Niharika , Tiwari Shelja , Saxena Reena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPersistent industrial activities have led to an increase in the chromium content in environmental water bodies. The accurate quantification of trace chromium species such as Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is crucial as Cr(VI) can exhibit toxicity even at sub‐ppb levels. We report herein a comparative chromium speciation study using two chemically functionalized nanoadsorbents and determination with hyphenated flow injection‐flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI‐FAAS). The most efficient preconcentration performance was obtained by optimizing the chemical and hydrodynamic parameters. Cr(VI) concentration was ascertained by the reduction to Cr(III) as the nanoadsorbents were selective for Cr(III) adsorption only; thus, speciation was achieved. The method was selective for Cr(III) in the presence of interfering matrix components. Preconcentration factor >90 and detection limit <0.11 μg L−1 were obtained for both the nanoadsorbents (%RSD∼1.0 %). The adsorption capacity of CNT‐TYR and CNT‐ASA was found to be 42.0 and 43.2 mg g−1, respectively. The application of the proposed method to contaminated water samples gave recoveries >95 %. The accuracy of the method was verified using NIST SRM 1640a.
Role of Imidazole Co–Ligand in the Supramolecular Network of a Co(II) Complex with Sulfadiazine: Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Energetic Calculations
Authors: Gil Diego M. , Pérez Hiram , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Frontera Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractM(II) complexes with sulfadiazine (SDZ) and imidazole (Im) acting as co‐ligand, [M(SDZ)2(Im)2] (M=Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of Co(II) complex (1) is reported, and a similar structure for the other three complexes is inferred by elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectra. The Co(II) complex is stabilized by intermolecular N–H⋅⋅⋅N, N–H⋅⋅⋅O and C–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, as well as C–H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. An investigation of those structural motifs via Hirshfeld surface analysis has been performed. Energy framework calculations have been carried out to analyze and visualize the 3D topology of the crystal assembly, indicating that the electrostatic energy is dominant over the dispersion one in the most energetic dimer (Motif 1), unlike two related cobalt‐sulfadiazine complexes with other co‐ligands where the dispersion component is more relevant. Further, the relative strength of the bifurcated N–H⋅⋅⋅N/O hydrogen bonds has been analyzed using the quantum theory of “atoms‐in‐molecules” (QTAIM) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations. The strongest H‐bonds occurring with donor groups from co‐ligand species (Im, DMF and CH3OH) are found to be imperative in controlling the supramolecular architecture of the corresponding cobalt complex.
SnO2 Quantum Dots: Rational Design to Achieve Highly Reversible Conversion Reaction and Stable Capacities for Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Yong , Wang Shaohua , Zhou Lin , Chang Limin , Liu Wanqiang , Yin Dongming , Yi Zheng , Wang Limin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSnO2 has been considered as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs), but challenging as well for the low‐reversible conversion reaction and coulombic efficiency. To address these issues, herein, SnO2 quantum dots (≈5 nm) embedded in porous N‐doped carbon matrix (SnO2/NC) are developed via a hydrothermal step combined with a self‐polymerization process at room temperature. The ultrasmall size in quantum dots can greatly shorten the ion diffusion distance and lower the internal strain, improving the conversion reaction efficiency and coulombic efficiency. The rich mesopores/micropores and highly conductive N‐doped carbon matrix can further enhance the overall conductivity and buffer effect of the composite. As a result, the optimized SnO2/NC‐2 composite for LIBs exhibits a high coulombic efficiency of 72.9%, a high discharge capacity of 1255.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and a long life‐span with a capacity of 753 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 1 A g−1. The SnO2/NC‐2 composite also displays excellent performance for SIBs, delivering a superior discharge capacity of 212.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 3000 cycles. These excellent results can be of visible significance for the size effect of the uniform quantum dots.
Groups, organizations, families and movements: The sociology of social systems between interaction and society
Authors: Kühl Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn enhancing a proposal by Luhmann, this contribution shows that it is possible to locate different types of systems between ‘face‐to‐face‐interaction’ and ‘society’: groups, organizations, families and protest movements. The common ground of these is that they use membership to attribute persons to the system or not. However, they differ fundamentally in regard to how they understand membership. In contrast to Luhmann's differentiation between interaction, organization and society, it is not only possible to imagine different types of interlocking systems but also coequal combinations of and transitions between the different types of social systems.
Co‐Joined Starch Modification and β‐Carotene Dispersion In Situ by Planetary Ball Milling
Authors: González Luciana Carla , Loubes Maria Ana , Santagapita Patricio Román , Tolaba Marcela Patricia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective is to evaluate An innovative dispersion method (IM), planetary ball milling (PBM) is evaluated for its potential use in obtaining starch modifications together with in situ β‐carotene dispersion. Native (N) and ball milled (BM) rice starches are first evaluated as encapsulating matrices of β‐carotene, by means of traditional dispersion method (TM) using a rotor–stator device. Ball milled starch with gelatin (BM+G) preserves β‐carotene structure and produces the highest encapsulated β‐carotene content (0.154 mg g−1), being four times the N starch content (0.035 mg g−1). By IM, β‐carotene structure is partially (69%) preserved by using the BM+G matrix. Encapsulated β‐carotene contents >86% (equivalent to 0.50 mg g−1 starch) and encapsulated/surface ratio >6.7 are achieved, obtaining at least 3.0‐ and 16.3‐fold increments compared to TM, respectively. Results from IM reveal the potential of PBM to reach a high degree of β‐carotene dispersion in a physically modified starch improving the encapsulation performance with respect to TM.
A universal polyphosphate kinase: PPK2c of Ralstonia eutropha accepts purine and pyrimidine nucleotides including uridine diphosphate
Authors: Hildenbrand Jennie C. , Teleki Attila , Jendrossek Dieter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polyphosphosphate kinases (PPKs) catalyse the reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate group of a nucleoside-triphosphate to a growing chain of polyphosphate. Most known PPKs are specific for ATP, but some can also use GTP as a phosphate donor. In this study, we describe the properties of a PPK2-type PPK of the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha. The purified enzyme (PPK2c) is highly unspecific and accepts purine nucleotides as well as the pyridine nucleotides including UTP as substrates. The presence of a polyP primer is not necessary for activity. The corresponding nucleoside diphosphates and microscopically detectable polyphosphate granules were identified as reaction products. PPK2c also catalyses the formation of ATP, GTP, CTP, dTTP and UTP from the corresponding nucleoside diphosphates, if polyP is present as a phosphate donor. Remarkably, the nucleoside-tetraphosphates AT(4)P, GT(4)P, CT(4)P, dTT(4)P and UT(4)P were also detected in substantial amounts. The low nucleotide specificity of PPK2c predestines this enzyme in combination with polyP to become a powerful tool for the regeneration of ATP and other nucleotides in biotechnological applications. As an example, PPK2c and polyP were used to replace ATP and to fuel the hexokinase-catalysed phosphorylation of glucose with only catalytic amounts of ADP.

Key Points
• PPK2c of R. eutropha can be used for regeneration of any NTP or dNTP.
• PPK2c is highly unspecific and accepts all purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
• PPK2c forms polyphosphate granules in vitro from any NTP.
Complete Willmore Legendrian surfaces in $${\mathbb {S}}^5$$ are minimal Legendrian surfaces
Authors: Luo Yong , Sun Linlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we continue to consider Willmore Legendrian surfaces and csL Willmore surfaces in $${\mathbb {S}}^5$$

S

5

, notions introduced by Luo (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 56, Art. 86, 19, 2017. 10.1007/s00526-017-1183-z). We will prove that every complete Willmore Legendrian surface in $${\mathbb {S}}^5$$

S

5

is minimal and find nontrivial examples of csL Willmore surfaces in $${\mathbb {S}}^5$$

S

5

.
CXCL13 Is Involved in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperpermeability of Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chen Wen , Wang Yi , Zhou Ting , Xu Yuansheng , Zhan Jianwei , Wu Jinhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sepsis is a disease that is characterized by a severe systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is a well-known inducer of sepsis, as well as endothelial cell hyperpermeability. In the present study, we confirm the elevation of CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) in sepsis patients. We also show that LPS exposure increases the release of CXCL13, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of CXCL13 and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also examined the effects of CXCL13 knockdown on LPS-mediated endothelial hyperpermeability and tight junction (TJ) protein expression in HUVECs. Our results show that HUVECs exposed to LPS result in a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and TJ protein (Zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-4) expression, and a notable increase in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran flux and p38 phosphorylation, which was partially reversed by CXCL13 knockdown. Recombinant CXCL13 treatment had a similar effect as LPS exposure, which was attenuated by a p38 inhibitor, SB203580. Moreover, the CXCL13-neutralizing antibody significantly increased the survival rate of LPS-induced sepsis mice. Collectively, our results show that CXCL13 plays a key role in LPS-induced endothelium hyperpermeability via regulating p38 signaling and suggests that therapeutically targeting CXCL13 may be beneficial for the treatment of sepsis.
Treatment of adults with intracranial hemorrhage on apixaban or rivaroxaban with prothrombin complex concentrate products
Authors: Castillo Renee , Chan Alissa , Atallah Steven , Derry Katrina , Baje Mark , Zimmermann Lara L. , Martin Ryan , Groysman Leonid , Stern-Nezer Sara , Minokadeh Anush , Nova Alan , Huang WanTing , Cang William , Schomer Kendra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo analyze the efficacy and safety of activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (4F-PCC) to prevent hematoma expansion in patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). In this multicenter, retrospective study, sixty-seven ICH patients who received aPCC or 4F-PCC for known use of apixaban or rivaroxaban between February 2014 and September 2018 were included. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who achieved excellent/good or poor hemostasis after administration of aPCC or 4F-PCC. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, thromboembolic events during admission, and transfusion requirements. Excellent/good hemostasis was achieved in 87% of aPCC patients, 89% of low-dose 4F-PCC [< 30 units per kilogram (kg)], and 89% of high-dose 4F-PCC (≥ 30 units per kg). There were no significant differences in excellent/good or poor hemostatic efficacy (p = 0.362). No differences were identified in transfusions 6 h prior (p = 0.087) or 12 h after (p = 0.178) the reversal agent. Mortality occurred in five patients, with no differences among the groups (p = 0.838). There were no inpatient thromboembolic events. Both aPCC and 4F-PCC appear safe and equally associated with hematoma stability in patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban who present with ICH. Prospective studies are needed to identify a superior reversal agent when comparing andexanet alfa to hospital standard of care (4F-PCC or aPCC) and to further explore the optimal dosing strategy for patients with ICH associated with apixaban or rivaroxaban use.
Isolation and characteristics of the human rotavirus isolate CY2017
Authors: Song Yan , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur study aimed to determine whether a virus from fecal samples is human rotavirus (HRV), the main pathogen that causes autumn diarrhea. Specimens were obtained from the feces from children with autumn diarrhea treated at Chuiyangliu Hospital and used to infect MA104 cells, subcultured and observed by electron microscopy. RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and plaque formation and hemagglutination were assessed. The cytopathic effect (CPE) were associated with the fourth passage in subculture. CPE extracts were examined by electron microscopy, which allowed us to observe the shape of HRV particles. Amplification of the VP4 gene from HRV was used to identify the viruses as group A rotavirus. The virus causes red blood cell aggregation. The virus isolate was designated as HRV CY2017.
Microscopic dynamic observation of adhesion hysteresis friction and exploration of the influence of different pressures on friction transmission
Authors: Feng Cun-ao , Zhang De-kun , Chen Kai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of adhesive friction between viscoelastic materials is a key question. In this study, the friction process of the adhesive interface between a friction lining and a wire rope is dynamically observed in real time to analyze the adhesion hysteresis friction intuitively and quantitatively. The adhesion is determined by the state of motion, while the relative displacement of the wire rope and lining is used to find the magnitude of the adhesive friction. The hysteresis friction is reflected by the internal deformation of the lining. The magnitude of the hysteresis friction is determined by the displacement difference (Δx) in the sliding direction of two marked points at different distances from the contact surface. The results show that the adhesion friction is proportional to the loss modulus and the hysteresis friction is proportional to the ratio of the loss modulus to the square of the storage modulus (E″/(E′2)). The frictional vibration first decreases and then increases with the increase in pressure. The K25 lining has the highest adhesion hysteresis friction and minimal frictional vibration. The result provides a simple and intuitive method for research into the friction transmission and vibration of viscoelastic materials.