bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NETWORKING AND RISK -TAKING ON GROWTH OF SELECTED KENYA EXPORT FIRMS: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Ogundo Joyce Achola , Bas Peter Ki , Otuya Robert 
Published: October 2020

Networking and Risk _Taking on Growth of of Export Firms have such an important role in global success and become more useful overtime. Networking and Risk _Taking on Growth of Export Firms have not been addressed in full, their challenges such as lack of Literature on Risk -Taking on Export Firms is very scanty and hence not exhaustive .This Research attempts to utilise Sample size of 169 ,adopted from thesis on in Selected Kenya Export Firms .The Research employed Analysis of Moment Structures to compare Networking and Risk _Taking to Analyse Growth of Export Firms Selected Kenya Export Firms, GFI was utilized to determine model goodness of fit, Multiple Group Model Comparisons. Finding indicate that the two Models of Networking and Risk _Taking differ, it was clear that equal Standardized Regression weight model results were substantially worse on overall model fit, specifically on Risk -Taking. A comparative analysis identified issues on Networking which proved to be useful as a construct of Growth of Export Firms for its application on Export Firms however some limitations in terms of: Error difference, Low model goodness of fit were faced by the Risk-Taking. The study concludes that the dimensions of Networking were positively related to export firm growth. The study recommends: development of entrepreneurship policy, the public sector needs to focus attention on developing networking opportunities among employees. Export firms should undertake research on Risk-Taking and segments that can support firm growth.
PEMANFAATAN BERITA POLITIK PADA SIARAN TELEVISI SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PPKn (DI MTs. NURUSSALAM TETEBATU KECAMATAN SIKUR KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR)
Authors: Hunaeni Harianti , Hariyanto Hariyanto , Rispawati Rispawati 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui siaran televisi berita politik apa saja yang dimanfaatkan guru PPKn sebagai media pembelajaran PPKn, cara pemanfaatan berita politik sebagai media pembelajaran PPKn, dan manfaat berita politik sebagai proses pembelajaran PPKn. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa berita politik yang digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran PPKn adalah berita politik tentang Polisi Membentuk Patrol Dunia Maya Untuk Mencegah Kasus Persekusi, Pembangunan Infrastruktur Indonesia, WNI Malaysia Antusias Mengikuti Pemungutan Suara Pada Pemilu 2019, Dan Semangat Toleransi Umat Beragama Di Lingkungan Masjid Istiqlal Dan Gereja Katedral. Bentuk pemanfaatan berita politik yang dijalankan siswa dengan cara kelompok. Semua siswa menonton tayangan televisi yang dijadikan media pembelajaran PPKn. Setelah menonton, masing-masing kelompok mendiskusikan tentang apa yang telah ditonton. Manfaat dari berita politik terhadap pembelajaran PPKn diantaranya dapat menambah pengetahuan politik siswa, dapat membedakan masalah-masalah politik dengan masalah lainnya, dan dapat mengetahui masalah-masalah politik yang terjadi pada saat sekarang, serta mampu meningkatkan kualitas berfikir siswa. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine what political news television broadcasts were used by PPKn teachers as PPKn learning media, how to use political news as PPKn learning media, and the benefits of political news as PPKn learning processes. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques in this study were by interview, observation and documentation. Based on the results of the study it was revealed that the political news used as a learning media for PPKn was political news about the Police Forming a Maya World Patrol to Prevent Persecution Cases, Indonesian Infrastructure Development, Malaysian Citizens Enthusiastic in Participating in the 2019 Election, and the Spirit of Religious Tolerance in the Istiqlal Mosque Environment And the Cathedral Church. Form of utilization of political news that is run by students in a group way. So all students watch television shows that are used as PPKn learning media. After watching, each group discusses what has been watched. The benefits of political news on PPKn learning include being able to increase students 'political knowledge, being able to distinguish political problems from other problems, and being able to find out political problems that are happening at the moment, and being able to improve the quality of students' thinking
Rice Marketable Surplus, Marketed Supply And Its Determinant Factors In Mukomuko District
Authors: Mustamam Hari , Sukiyono Ketut , Nusril Nusril 
Published: October 2020

This research aims to estimate the marketable surplus and marketed supply of rice in Mukomuko Regency. This research is also aimed at identifying determinant factors of marketed supply and predicting rice availability in Mukomuko Regency. Data collected were primary and secondary data. The research location is determined using a cluster sampling method with 130 respondent selected using Stratified random sampling. The data analysis was used quantitative descriptive and regression analysis estimated. The result shows that percent marketable surplus and marketed supply of rice is 83.43% and 85.27 per ha per planting season respectively. The factors influencing the marketed supply of rice is Rice production and price. The rice availability from 2017 to 2020 is projected to increase by 44.56%. Consumption is projected to increase by 20.407 Kg in 2020. For the next 5 years, i.e.,2018-2022, rice availability and surplus positively increase.
SANITASI DAN HYGIENE PADA PENGOLAHAN TUNA LOIN BEKU DI PT. HARTA SAMUDRA KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Sofiati Titien , Wahab Iswandi , Deto Siti Nurbaya 
Published: October 2020

Salah satu produk olahan tuna di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai yang telah mencapai pasar internasional adalah tuna loin beku yang diproduksi oleh PT. Harta Samudra. Kondisi sanitasi dan hygiene pada proses produksi menjadi penentu keamanan produk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji penerapan sanitasi dan hygiene pada pengolahan tuna loin beku di PT. Harta Samudra. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November sampai bulan Desember 2019. Pengambilan data di lapangan terbagi dalam dua tahap yaitu survey dan pengambilan data primer yang terdiri dari wawancara, pengisian kuesioner, dan ikut dalam proses produksi serta data sekunder berupa SSOP PT. Harta Samudra. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan studi literature. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aspek sanitasi dan hygiene yang diamati antara lain: personal hygiene pekerja, sanitasi dan hygiene bahan baku, sanitasi dan hygiene air dan es, sanitasi dan hygiene perlengkapan dan peralatan, sanitasi dan hygiene ruang pengolahan, sanitasi dan hygiene produk akhir, serta sanitasi dan hygiene limbah. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa pengolahan tuna loin beku di PT. Harta Samudra sangat memperatian sanitasi dan hygiene berdasarkan standar yang telah ditetapkan dalam SSOP.SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR FREEZED LOIN TUNA PROCESSING AT PT. HARTA SAMUDRA, MOROTAI ISLAND DISTRICT. One of the refined Tuna product in Morotai Island Regency that have reached International Markets is freezing loin tuna was producing by PT. Harta Samudra. The sanitary and hygienist of the producing process become the determinant of product’s safety. The purpose of this research is to study the sanitary and hygiene application on the Processing at PT. Harta Samudra. The research has done from November to December 2019. The collecting data is filed divide into two steps, which is survey and collecting the primary data from interview, filling questionnaires, and following the production process, also the SSOP of PT. Harta Samudra as the secondary data. The data analysis in descriptive and literature study ways. The research results shows that the sanitary and hygiene aspects that observed , there are: personal hygiene worker, sanitary and hygiene of materials, sanity and hygiene of water and ice, sanitary & hygiene of the tools, sanitary and hygiene of processing room, sanity and hygiene final product, also sanitary and hygiene of waste. The final study showed that the processing of freezing loin tuna at PT. Harta Samudra is really taking care of the sanitary and hygiene based on the SSOP standard.
Analysis of Corneal Astigmatism after Clear Corneal Phacoemulsification : A Prospective Study
Authors: Agrawal Nisha , Agarwal Lalit , Yadav Reena , Kumari Archana , Singh Kinsuk , Baral Dharanidhar 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: With the evolution of cataract surgery over the past years and increasing patient demand for spectacle independence, today cataract surgery is moreover a refractive surgery. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) hinders post-operative refractive precision by changing the refractive power of cornea.
Objectives: To calculate and compare SIA and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) among eyes undergoing phacoemulsification performed via superior and temporal approach.
Methodology: A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary eye care center. 200 consecutive patients who underwent 2.8mm clear corneal phacoemulsification were allocated in Group A (Superior) and Group B (Temporal) in equal numbers by random lotiery method. Patients with any corneal pathology, glaucoma, retina or macular diseases, with previous history of trauma or ocular surgery were excluded. Preoperative astigmatism, postoperative astigmatism and postoperative SE were calculated at 6weeks follow-up. SIA was calculated using vector analysis software version 2.1 given by Dr Sawhney.
Results Eighty patients of group A and 99 patients of Group B were included in the analysis. Preoperative keratometry and astigmatism was comparable between the two groups. Postopera tive astigmatism was significantly lower in temporal incision (0.75± 0.58) group than in superior incision group (1.2±0.71). SIA in-group A was 0.43D and in group B was 0.18D. SE was found to be significantly lower in temporal incision (p<0.01) group.
Conclusion Temporal incision is astigmatically more neutral and has betier refractive precision than superior incision clear corneal phacoemulsification.
Histopathological Pattern of Endometrial Biopsies in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kafle Neeta , Shaukin Shilpi , Kafle Santosh Upadhaya , Singh Mrinalini , Parajuli Surya Bahadur 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynaecological problems. Etiology of AUB may be structural and functional and varies according to age group. Histological pattern of endometrial sampling along with clinical and radiological findings remains the diagnostic standard for clinical diagnosis of endometrial pathology which ultimately helps in deciding the management of the patients.
Objectives: To determine histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with AUB attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. To determine the pattern of menstrual abnormality in patients with AUB in different age groups.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective hospital based cross sectional study for a period of one year (1 April 2019 to March 31 2020). Histopathological findings of all endometrial biopsy samples in patients with AUB were examined. Patients were categorized into different age groups and the patterns of menstrual abnormality were also documented.
Results: 166 patients presenting with AUB underwent endometrial biopsy. Most of them were of perimenopausal age group (42.77%). Menorrhagia was the most common presenting menstrual abnormality. Histopathological examination predominantly revealed normal cyclical endometrium. Hyperplasia was seen more frequently in patients > 40 years of age. Malignancy was diagnosed in 2.41%, all were adenocarcinoma and was seen in > 50 years age.
Conclusion: AUB is a common gynaeco-pathological problem with varied clinical presentation and multiple causes. Functional endometrial changes account for the highest histological pattern. However hyperplasia and malignancy are important cause of AUB in perimenopausal and post menopausal age group's women.
Study of Hemoptysis in a Tertiary Care Center of Province 1: Causes and Recurrences
Authors: Ghimire Ram Hari , Ghimire Ashima , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar , Yadav Sushil , Bidesh Bista Bidesh 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Hemoptysis is a common but distressing and alarming symptom in a patient. Data related to detail clinical profile and follow up study of hemoptysis are lacking.
Objective: This study was carried out to see the clinical profile of patients with hemoptysis and to study the recurrences in tertiary care centre of province 1 within the study period.
Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. The study was carried out between 30th January 2017 to 1st February 2020. For follow up of recurrences of hemoptysis, the patients were asked for regular chest clinic follow up and regular telephone calls made to the patients, in case, patients could not attend the chest clinic for any reason.
Results: A total of 150 patients were enrolled over the last 3 years. Among them 75% were male. The maximum number of patients (27%) were between 31-40 years of age group. Old sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (32%) and bronchiectasis (28%) were the commonest cause of hemoptysis. Lung cancer (10%) and active PTB (10%) were other causes of hemoptysis. CT scan of the chest provided the highest (84%) diagnostic yield. Most of the cases were having mild hemoptysis (50%). 17% of the patients in our study had recurrences of hemoptysis.
Conclusion: Old PTB sequelae with bronchiectasis (fibrobronchiectasis) were the commonest cause of hemoptysis. Conservative management worked most effectively in controlling hemoptysis, if used properly.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening in Women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecological Opd at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mahato Raj Deb , Deo Amit , Pokharel Hanoon 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common Gynaecological cancer in Nepal which is preventable if appropriate screening and prevention measures are employed. Considerable reduction in cervical cancer incidence and cervical cancer related deaths can be achieved by effective screening. However, lack of knowledge and awareness can result in underutilization of the preventive measures.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer screening in women visiting Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD at tertiary care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.
Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Women were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling methods. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 22.
Results: Among 374 participants, the mean age was 31.13 years. More than three fourth (89.6%) of participants were literate. Regarding occupation, 89.8% of participants were housewives, and 82.9 % of participants were married. As per the findings, only 43.27 % of participants i.e. less than the mean, had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening. 65.50 % of participants had a negative attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Literate participants had good knowledge and positive attitude regarding cervical cancer screening than illiterate participants (P value less than 0.05).
Conclusion Considerable proportions of participants had inadequate knowledge and negative attitude regarding cervical cancer screening in Gynaecological patients visiting tertiary care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.
Operative Deliveries at Full Cervical Dilatation; 'Choosing Between Lesser of Two Evils': A Comparative Study of Morbidities of Vacuum Delivery and Caesarean Section
Authors: Aryal Shreyashi , Shrestha Deepak , Mahato Sweta 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Operative delivery at full cervical dilatation can be either a caesarean section or instrumental deliveries. Instrumental deliveries are well debated options for reducing caesarean section rates but they have their own set of maternal and fetal morbidities. CS at full dilatation of cervix is also demanding due to impacted fetal head. Choice between the two depends on the treating obstetrician.
Objective: To assess perinatal morbidities between vacuum delivery and caesarean section at full cervical dilatation.
Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional comparative study done for the duration of one year from January to December 2019. Women undergoing vacuum delivery or caesarean section in full cervical dilatation were compared for maternal and neonatal morbidities. Risk factors associated with these morbidities were also assessed. The morbidities in each group were compared using Pearson's chi square test. Likelihood of morbidities in relation to risk factors was calculated using univariate logistic regression.
Results: Prevalence of maternal complications in vacuum delivery was 33.3% (28) and in caesarean was 42.9% (15). Neonatal complications in vacuum delivery was 50% (42) and in caesarean was 48.6% (17). Being a referred case (OR=1.14) and a primigravida (OR=1.45) were risk factors for perinatal morbidities in vacuum delivery. Referred cases (OR=1.52), primigravidas (OR=5.90), head station lower than zero (OR=1.26) and birth weight of more than 3500 gms (OR=2.60) were associated with more number of morbidities in caesarean at full cervical dilatation.
Conclusion Operative deliveries at full cervical dilatation, either vacuum or CS carry risk of maternal and neonatal morbidities. Obstetrician should make a decision keeping in mind certain risk factors like referred cases, parity, head station, number of pulls, method of delivery of head and fetal weight so that severe morbidities can be prevented.
Drug Utilization Pattern using World Health Organization prescribing Indicators at Otorhinolaryngology OPD of a tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sah Bajarang Prasad , Paudel Deepak , Sarraf Deependra Prasad 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Assessment of drug utilization pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators is important to promote rational drug therapy.It needs to be evaluated periodically to obtain information about drug utilization pattern, to detect early signals of irrational use of drugs and to provide feedback to prescribers.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the drug prescribing patterns in the Otorhinolaryngology OPD based on the WHO prescribing indicators.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 outpatients at Otorhinolaryngology and HNS department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences for six month duration. Patients aged 18 years and above and prescribed at least one drug were enrolled. Medical case sheets of the every fifth patients visiting the OPD were reviewed to collect the relevant data on a self-designed proforma. Descriptive statistics and WHO prescribing indicators were calculated using SPSS version 11.0. The study was approved by Institutional Review Committee, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Results: A total of 322 drugs were prescribed to 148 patients. Most of the drugs were prescribe through oral route (69.3%). Levocetrizine (10.6%) was the commonest prescribed drug followed by Ibuprofen+Paracetamol (10.2%) and Pantoprazole (10.2%). Among systemic antibiotics, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid (35.9%) was the most frequently prescribed followed by Cefixime (12.8%) and Levofloxacin (12.8%). Ofloxacin + Dexamethasone (22.9%) was the most frequently prescribed topical drug followed by Mometasone (17.7%). The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter or mean was 2.2 (range 1-5). The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 33.2%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) was 28% and 31.9% respectively.
Conclusions: The drug utilization pattern did not comply with the most of the WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drug per prescription was higher than recommended by WHO, generic prescribing was remarkably lower and prescribing from NLEM was also low.
Dexmedetomidine as a Single Bolus Dose in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under General Anesthesia – A Comparison of Different Doses
Authors: Pyakurel Kumud , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Thapa Chitra , Regmi Gunjan 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Dexmedetomidine has an ideal pharmacodynamic profile for attenuation of stress response during general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since, the value of dexmedetomidine as a single premedication dose remains largely unexplored, this study compared dexmedetomidine in 0.5μg/kg and 1μg/kg dose for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare dexmedetomidine in a single premedication dose of 0.5μg/kg and 1μg/kg in terms of hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) changes to critical incidences such as laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, pneumoperitoneum and extubation. The secondary objectives were to compare induction dose of propofol required, sedation scores in the immediate post anesthesia period and adverse events such as bradycardia and hypotension.
Methodology: This was a prospective double blind study. Ninety-two patients aged 18-55 years of either gender of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either Dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg or 0.5μg/kg slowly IV over 10 minutes as a premedication before induction. Heart rate, Mean arterial pressure, induction dose of propofol, sedation scores, and adverse events were compared.
Results: The patient characteristics, Fentanyl consumption, duration of surgery and anesthesia in both groups were comparable. There was comparable attenuation of hemodynamics in both groups during laryngoscopy and intubation. Dexmedetomidine in 1μg/kg compared to 0.5μg/kg had significantly better attenuation of hemodynamics from 1 minute to 40 minutes of pneumoperitoneum. After 40 minutes, there was no attenuation in either group. The post anesthesia sedation scores were comparable. The induction dose of propofol was significantly less and the incidence of bradycardia was significantly higher with dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that a premedication dose of Dexmedetomidine in 1μg/kg compared to 0.5μg/kg has significantly betier attenuation of hemodynamics from 1 minute to 40 minutes of pneumoperitoneum.