bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Humanities as an Incentive for Digitalisation Strategies in Eastern European HEIs: A Case Study of Romania
Authors: Chitez Mădălina , Rogobete Roxana , Foitoş Alexandru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe modern university has the potential to turn into a nexus of digital embracement and innovation, thus responding to both strategic planning for higher education and societal demands. Priorities in digitalisation strategies (White Paper ‘Bologna Digital 2020’, Rampelt et al. 2019) for higher education institutions (HEIs) are actively promoted, and their implementation is in progress throughout Europe. However, the embedding of the digitalisation reform at the institutional level is considerably uneven from one country to another, with Eastern European HEIs lagging behind (Conrads et al. 2017). The aim of this position paper is to present and discuss the case of digital humanities (DH) as an incentive for digitalisation strategies at Eastern European universities. We briefly contextualize the configuration of DH initiatives in the region by using the results of the Digital Humanities Survey and propose the case study of Romania, where we investigate the implementation status of such initiatives. We further exemplify the process of developing a DH centre and evaluate the institutional impact of the recently created research centre CODHUS, from the West University of Timişoara, Romania, the second DH centre in the country. The strength of the new centre relies on its capacity to converge cross-disciplinary expertise with digital technologies. The centre intends to develop computational solutions and digital tools for research, course development and assessment. CODHUS is also a digital-competence training centre for teachers and students, with the purpose of bridging the gap between teaching strategies and goals, on one hand, and students’ digital experiences and expectations from HEI, on the other. The study offers a multiple-lens perspective on the integration of digital-intensive research initiatives, such as DH, into the Bologna process. We argue that DH centres can support further HE developments which contribute to building “new learning ecologies” (Galvis 2018) and creating an “education area with digital solutions” (Rampelt 2019).
“Bologna Digital”—Actively Shaping the Digital Transformation in European Higher Education
Authors: Orr Dominic , Rampelt Florian , Knoth Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital transformation will impact the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and could contribute to developing a new vision for the Bologna Process and for higher education in Europe and beyond. In recent years, research on European and national levels has shown increasing attention being paid to digitalisation and digital transformation by higher education leadership. The 2015 and 2018 Ministerial Communiqués also clearly emphasised the importance of the topic for the EHEA. Yet, a strategic integration of digitalisation into higher education policy and practice remains hard to find. This is for two main reasons: (1) because although digitalisation is often seen as a technical innovation, it must, in fact, be a social innovation for it to have any impact and (2) because higher education as a field of practice, especially in Europe, is a multi-layered system where strategic impact is only possible if all layers are broadly following the same objectives. With reference to policy theory, the authors conjectured that reducing goal conflict and practice ambiguity would help to facilitate a more integrative digital policy and practice. With this aim, the authors launched a White Paper in 2019 to facilitate broad agreement on the potential of digitalisation within the Bologna framework. This contribution provides an interim evaluation of the initiative and its next steps. In this, it provides a reflexive review of how practitioners and researchers in the field might hope to influence policymaking and practice in the area of digitalisation.
“Lagrangian disks” in M-theory
Authors: Franco Sebastían , Gukov Sergei , Lee Sangmin , Seong Rak-Kyeong , Sparks James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While the study of bordered (pseudo-)holomorphic curves with boundary on Lagrangian submanifolds has a long history, a similar problem that involves (special) Lagrangian submanifolds with boundary on complex surfaces appears to be largely overlooked in both physics and math literature. We relate this problem to geometry of coassociative submanifolds in G2 holonomy spaces and to Spin(7) metrics on 8-manifolds with T2 fibrations. As an application to physics, we propose a large class of brane models in type IIA string theory that generalize brane brick models on the one hand and 2d theories T[M4] on the other.
Gravitational Cardy limit and AdS black hole entropy
Authors: David Marina , Nian Jun , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We explore the gravitational implementation of the field theory Cardy-like limit recently used in the successful microstate countings of AdS black hole entropy in various dimensions. On the field theory side, the Cardy-like limit focuses on a particular scaling of conserved electric charges and angular momenta and we first translate this scaling to the gravitational side by a limiting procedure on the black hole parameters. We note that the scaling naturally accompanies a near-horizon region for which these black hole solutions are greatly simplified. Applying the Kerr/CFT correspondence to the near-horizon region, we precisely reproduce the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of asymptotically AdS4,5,6,7 BPS black holes. Our results explicitly provide a microscopic and universal low energy description for AdS black holes across various dimensions.
Very rapid multi-odour discrimination learning in the ant Lasius niger
Authors: Czaczkes T. J. , Kumar P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsects can be very good learners. For example, they can form associations between a cue and a reward after only one exposure. Discrimination learning, in which multiple cues are associated with different outcomes, is critical for responding correctly complex environments. However, the extent of such discrimination learning is not well explored. Studies concerning discrimination learning within one valence are also rare. Here we ask whether Lasius niger ants can form multiple concurrent associations to different reward levels, and how rapidly such associations can be learned. We allowed individual workers to sequentially feed on up to four different food qualities, each associated with a different odour cue. Using pairwise preference tests, we found that ants can successfully learn at least two, and likely three, odour/quality associations, requiring as little as one exposure to each combination in order for learning to take place. By testing preference between two non-extreme values (i.e. between 0.4 M and 0.8 M having been trained to the qualities 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6) we exclude the possibility that ants are only memorising the best and worst values in a set. Such rapid learning of multiple associations, within one valence and one modality, is impressive, and makes Lasius niger a very tractable model for complex training paradigms.
Underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Chaudhary Umair J. , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The frequency and causes of underdiagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are uncertain. We aimed to assess the frequency and electroclinical features of pre-referral CIDP underdiagnosis and the duration of delay prior to diagnosis and treatment initiation in a tertiary specialist clinic.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 60 consecutive patients attending our Inflammatory Neuropathy Service, between 2015 and 2019, with a final diagnosis of treatment-responsive definite/probable CIDP. We reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological data in light of European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) guidelines and determined the frequency, causes and delay in diagnosis of CIDP.

Results
An initial alternative diagnosis to that of CIDP had been made in 68.3% (41/60) of patients. The commonest alternative diagnosis was of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in 23.3% (14/60) patients. Non-GBS underdiagnoses (27/60; 45%) mainly consisted of genetic neuropathy (8/27; 29.6%), diabetic neuropathy (5/27; 18.5%) and chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (4/27; 14.8%). Non-GBS underdiagnoses were predominantly due to non-recognition of proximal weakness (70.4%), multifocal deficits (18.5%) or proprioceptive loss (7.4%). Electrophysiological misinterpretation was contributory to pre-referral non-GBS underdiagnoses of CIDP in 85% of patients. Mean diagnostic delay in patients with non-GBS underdiagnoses of CIDP was of 21.3 months (range 2–132 months).

Conclusion
Underdiagnosis of CIDP is frequent and may lead to significant diagnostic and treatment delay. We suggest that lack of comprehensive and precise attention to typical electroclinical features of CIDP and its diagnostic criteria at the time of initial evaluation are equally contributory to underdiagnoses.
Size effects of mechanical metamaterials: a computational study based on a second-order asymptotic homogenization method
Authors: Yang Hua , Müller Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, size effects exhibited by mechanical metamaterials have been studied. When the sizescale of the metamaterials is reduced, stiffening or softening responses are observed in experiments. In order to capture both the stiffening and softening size effects fully, a second-order asymptotic homogenization method based on strain gradient theory is used. By this method, the metamaterials are homogenized and become effective strain gradient continua. The effective metamaterial parameters including the classical and strain gradient stiffness tensors are calculated. Comparisons between a detailed finite element analysis and the effective strain gradient continua model have been made for metamaterials under different boundary conditions, different aspect ratios, different unit cells (closed or open cells) and different topologies. It shows that both stiffening and softening size effects can be captured by using the effective strain gradient continua models.
The genome of Ricinus communis encodes a single glycolate oxidase with different functions in photosynthetic and heterotrophic organs
Authors: Schmitz Jessica , Hüdig Meike , Meier Dieter , Linka Nicole , Maurino Veronica G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
The biochemical characterization of glycolate oxidase in Ricinus communis hints to different physiological functions of the enzyme depending on the organ in which it is active.

Abstract
Enzymatic activities of the photorespiratory pathway are not restricted to green tissues but are present also in heterotrophic organs. High glycolate oxidase (GOX) activity was detected in the endosperm of Ricinus communis. Phylogenetic analysis of the Ricinus l-2-hydroxy acid oxidase (Rc(l)-2-HAOX) family indicated that Rc(l)-2-HAOX1 to Rc(l)-2-HAOX3 cluster with the group containing streptophyte long-chain 2-hydroxy acid oxidases, whereas Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 clusters with the group containing streptophyte GOX. Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 is the closest relative to the photorespiratory GOX genes of Arabidopsis. We obtained Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 as a recombinant protein and analyze its kinetic properties in comparison to the Arabidopsis photorespiratory GOX. We also analyzed the expression of all Rc(l)-2-HAOXs and conducted metabolite profiling of different Ricinus organs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Rc(l)-2-HAOX4 is the only GOX encoded in the Ricinus genome (RcGOX). RcGOX has properties resembling those of the photorespiratory GOX of Arabidopsis. We found that glycolate, the substrate of GOX, is highly abundant in non-green tissues, such as roots, embryo of germinating seeds and dry seeds. We propose that RcGOX fulfills different physiological functions depending on the organ in which it is active. In autotrophic organs it oxidizes glycolate into glyoxylate as part of the photorespiratory pathway. In fast growing heterotrophic organs, it is most probably involved in the production of serine to feed the folate pathway for special demands of those tissues.
Multi-center real-world comparison of the fully automated Idylla™ microsatellite instability assay with routine molecular methods and immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of colorectal cancer
Authors: Velasco Ana , Tokat Fatma , Bonde Jesper , Trim Nicola , Bauer Elisabeth , Meeney Adam , de Leng Wendy , Chong George , Dalstein Véronique , Kis Lorand L. , Lorentzen Jon A. , Tomić Snjezana , Thwaites Keeley , Putzová Martina , Birnbaum Astrid , Qazi Romena , Primmer Vanessa , Dockhorn-Dworniczak Barbara , Hernández-Losa Javier , Soares Fernando A. , Gertler Asaf A. , Kalman Michal , Wong Chris , Carraro Dirce M. , Sousa Ana C. , Reis Rui M. , Fox Stephen B. , Fassan Matteo , Brevet Marie , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Colling Richard , Soilleux Elizabeth , Teo Ryan Yee Wei , D’Haene Nicky , Nolet Serge , Ristimäki Ari , Väisänen Timo , Chapusot Caroline , Soruri Afsaneh , Unger Tina , Wecgowiec Johanna , Biscuola Michele , Frattini Milo , Long Anna , Campregher Paulo V , Matias-Guiu Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is present in 15–20% of primary colorectal cancers. MSI status is assessed to detect Lynch syndrome, guide adjuvant chemotherapy, determine prognosis, and use as a companion test for checkpoint blockade inhibitors. Traditionally, MSI status is determined by immunohistochemistry or molecular methods. The Idylla™ MSI Assay is a fully automated molecular method (including automated result interpretation), using seven novel MSI biomarkers (ACVR2A, BTBD7, DIDO1, MRE11, RYR3, SEC31A, SULF2) and not requiring matched normal tissue. In this real-world global study, 44 clinical centers performed Idylla™ testing on a total of 1301 archived colorectal cancer formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and compared Idylla™ results against available results from routine diagnostic testing in those sites. MSI mutations detected with the Idylla™ MSI Assay were equally distributed over the seven biomarkers, and 84.48% of the MSI-high samples had ≥ 5 mutated biomarkers, while 98.25% of the microsatellite-stable samples had zero mutated biomarkers. The concordance level between the Idylla™ MSI Assay and immunohistochemistry was 96.39% (988/1025); 17/37 discordant samples were found to be concordant when a third method was used. Compared with routine molecular methods, the concordance level was 98.01% (789/805); third-method analysis found concordance for 8/16 discordant samples. The failure rate of the Idylla™ MSI Assay (0.23%; 3/1301) was lower than that of referenced immunohistochemistry (4.37%; 47/1075) or molecular assays (0.86%; 7/812). In conclusion, lower failure rates and high concordance levels were found between the Idylla™ MSI Assay and routine tests.
Molecular variation among virulent and avirulent strains of the quarantine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Filipiak Anna , Malewski Tadeusz , Matczyńska Ewa , Tomalak Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBursaphelenchus xylophilusis an emerging pathogenic nematode that is responsible for a devastating epidemic of pine wilt disease worldwide, causing severe ecological damage and economic losses to forestry. Two forms of this nematode have been reported, i.e., with strong and weak virulence, commonly referred as virulent and avirulent strains. However, the pathogenicity-related genes ofB. xylophilusare not sufficiently characterized. In this study, to find pathogenesis related genes we re-sequenced and compared genomes of two virulent and two avirulent populations. We identified genes affected by genomic variation, and functional annotation of those genes indicated that some of them might play potential roles in pathogenesis. The performed analysis showed that both avirulent populations differed from the virulent ones by 1576 genes with high impact variants. Demonstration of genetic differences between virulent and avirulent strains will provide effective methods to distinguish these two nematode virulence forms at the molecular level. The reported results provide basic information that can facilitate development of a better diagnosis forB. xylophilusisolates/strains which present different levels of virulence and better understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in the development of the PWD.
Das Sekundärressourcenpotenzial aus Windkraft- und Photovoltaikanlagen
Authors: Scherhaufer Silvia , Part Florian , Beigl Peter 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungBis 2040 soll die Stromversorgung in Österreich laut aktuellem Regierungsprogramm klimaneutral sein und somit zu 100 % aus erneuerbarer Energie erfolgen. Dieses Ziel ist mit großen Ambitionen im Ausbau der Anlagen zur Erzeugung von erneuerbarer Energie, vor allem im Bereich der Photovoltaik und Windkraft, verbunden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den zu erwartenden, stark ansteigenden Materialeinsatz für neue und bestehende Windkraftanlagen (WKA) und Photovoltaikanlagen (PVA) bis zum Jahr 2050 darzustellen, das Potenzial an Sekundärressourcen abzuschätzen und Wege zur Wiederverwendung und möglichst hochwertigen Verwertung aufzuzeigen. Hierfür wurden der Anlagenbestand und die verwertbaren Sekundärressourcen auf Basis von makroökonomischer Modellierung des österreichischen Energiesystems und marktmixbasierten Materialflussanalysen von WKA und PVA (auf Bauteilebene) bilanziert. Beim Bau der Anlagen zeigt sich die Massenrelevanz von Silizium und Glas bei PVA bzw. Beton und Stahl für Fundamente für WKA, wobei im Zeitraum von 2020 bis 2030 mit einer Steigerung des Rohstoffeinsatzes um den Faktor 5 zu rechnen ist. Weiters enthalten elektrische und elektronische Bauteile bedeutende Mengen an Metallen (Fe, Cu, Al), Edelmetallen (Au, Ag) sowie Sondermetallen, wie Tantal in Kondensatoren oder Neodym in Magneten. Ein Vergleich nach zwei Recyclingszenarien mit derzeitiger Ausrichtung und hochwertigem Recycling zeigt, dass bei PVA für Glas, Silizium und Silber bzw. bei WKA bei Kupfer, Edelmetallen und glas- und carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen Rückgewinnungsraten deutlich gesteigert werden können. Aufgrund der anfallenden Mengen und Qualitäten an potenziellen Sekundärressourcen, die in den nächsten Jahrzehnten in den abgebauten Anlagen enthalten sein werden, müssen optimierte Verwertungswege geschaffen werden, damit die Ressourcen auch in der Praxis im Kreislauf geführt werden können.
Structured ICU resource management in a pandemic is associated with favorable outcome in critically ill COVID‑19 patients
Authors: Klein Sebastian J. , Bellmann Romuald , Dejaco Hannes , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Fries Dietmar , Furtwängler Wilhelm , Gasteiger Lukas , Hasibeder Walter , Helbok Raimund , Hochhold Christoph , Hofer Stefanie , Kirchmair Lukas , Krismer Christoph , Ladner Eugen , Lehner Georg F. , Mathis Simon , Mayr Andreas , Mittermayr Markus , Peer Andreas , Preuß Hernández Christian , Reitter Bruno , Ströhle Mathias , Swoboda Michael , Thomé Claudius , Joannidis Michael 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Introduction
On February 25, 2020, the first 2 patients were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Tyrol, Austria. Rapid measures were taken to ensure adequate intensive care unit (ICU) preparedness for a surge of critically ill coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods
This cohort study included all COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU with confirmed or strongly suspected COVID-19 in the State of Tyrol, Austria. Patients were recorded in the Tyrolean COVID-19 intensive care registry. Date of final follow-up was July 17, 2020.

Results
A total of 106 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were admitted to 1 of 13 ICUs in Tyrol from March 9 to July 17, 2020. Median age was 64 years (interquartile range, IQR 54–74 years) and the majority of patients were male (76 patients, 71.7%). Median simplified acute physiology score III (SAPS III) was 56 points (IQR 49–64 points). The median duration from appearance of first symptoms to ICU admission was 8 days (IQR 5–11 days).
Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 72 patients (67.9%) and 6 patients (5.6%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. Renal replacement therapy was necessary in 21 patients (19.8%). Median ICU length of stay (LOS) was 18 days (IQR 5–31 days), median hospital LOS was 27 days (IQR 13–49 days).
The ICU mortality was 21.7% (23 patients), hospital mortality was 22.6%. There was no significant difference in ICU mortality in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and in those not receiving it (18.1% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.284). As of July 17th, 2020, two patients are still hospitalized, one in an ICU, one on a general ward.

Conclusion
Critically ill COVID-19 patients in Tyrol showed high severity of disease often requiring complex treatment with increased lengths of ICU and hospital stay. Nevertheless, the mortality was found to be remarkably low, which may be attributed to our adaptive surge response providing sufficient ICU resources.
Using GNSS radio occultation data to derive critical frequencies of the ionospheric sporadic E layer in real time
Authors: Yu Bingkun , Scott Christopher J. , Xue Xianghui , Yue Xinan , Dou Xiankang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe small-scale electron density irregularities in the ionosphere have a significant impact on the interruptions of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation and the accuracy of GNSS positioning techniques. The sporadic ionospheric E (Es) layer significantly contributes to the transient interruptions of signals (loss of lock) for GNSS tracking loops. These effects on the GNSS radio occultation (RO) signals can be used to derive the global location and intensity of Es layers as a complement to ground-based observations. Here we conduct statistical analyses of the intensity of Es layers, based on the scintillation index S4max from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC during the period 2006–2014. In comparison with simultaneous observations from an ionosonde network of five low-to-middle latitude ionosondes, the S4max indices from COSMIC, especially the small values, are linearly related to the critical frequency of Es layers (foEs). An accumulated period of less than 1 h is required to derive the short-term variations in real-time ionospheric Es layers. A total of 30.22%, 69.57% and 98.13% coincident hourly foEs values have a relative difference less than 10%, 30% and 100%. Overall, the GNSS RO measurements have the potential to provide accurate hourly observations of Es layers. Observations with S4max < 0.4 (foEs < 3.6 MHz), accounting for 66% of COSMIC S4 measurements, have not been used fully previously, as they are not easily visible in ground-based ionosonde data.