bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Management of a Tongue Base Schwannoma
Authors: Petruzzi Gerardo , Costantino Andrea , Arosio Alberto Daniele , De Virgilio Armando , Pichi Barbara , Zocchi Jacopo , Mercante Giuseppe , Spriano Giuseppe , Pellini Raul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Schwannomas are the most common benign tumors arising from the peripheral nerve sheath, and the intraoral location is very atypical, representing less than 1% of all cases. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, and a variety of surgical approaches have been described. The authors report the first described case of tongue base schwannoma treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). A 47-years-old female patient complaining mild dysphagia and snoring, presented a submucosal swelling at the right side of the tongue base. MRI showed a large well-circumscribed solid mass, homogeneously isointense in T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI, with no lymph node metastasis. According to size, location and radiological characteristic of the mass a TORS approach was chosen. An extracapsular dissection was performed, and the lesion was completely removed with no intraoperative complications. The final diagnosis based on histopathological examination and IHC analysis (S-100 positive) was a schwannoma of the tongue base. The post-operative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed after 6 months of follow-up. This study demonstrates the feasibility of TORS in the treatment of a tongue base schwannoma. This is a valid alternative to the common transoral approach in order to avoid more invasive external approaches, and further studies are recommended in order to clarify if this approach could be proposed as the first line treatment in selected cases.
Measurement of Mandibular Condylar Height Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liu Zhiyang , Xie Qianyang , Chen Minjie , Yang Chi , Bai Guo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out the most appropriate method of measuring condylar height on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Traditional three-circle method, modified three-circle method and ramal plane (RP) method were used by 2 separate observers for the measurement of condylar height and long axis of condyle on TMJ MRI. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCCs), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test and Bland–Altman analysis were applied for the comparison of CH and long axis of condyle between 2 observers. Thirty-two patients’ images were finally included in our study. Comparing the 3 methods, it was revealed that the RP method has the highest consistency among the observers, followed by the modified three-circle method, and the traditional three-circle method has the worst consistency. The RP method is preferred for measuring the condylar height on MRI. If mandible edge cannot be observed on MRI, the modified three-circle method is recommended.
Future Direction in Rhinoplasty: Functional Improvements for a Better Outcome
Authors: Wo Luccie M. , Al Bayati Mahmood , Weber Lee E. , Habal Mutaz B. , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The nose plays both an aesthetic and functional role in the human body. Physiologically, the nose is an important part of the upper airway. Aesthetically, it is the central focal point of the face. Thus, rhinoplasty has evolved to be both an aesthetic and functional surgery, as the manipulation of the aesthetic subunits of the nose inadvertently leads to the functional alterations of the nose. While the aesthetic goals of rhinoplasty are well described in the literature, functional outcomes from rhinoplasty have been more challenging to delineate. Rhinoplasty can have an impact on the sense of smell, sleep apnea, oxygenation, cognitive function, cardiovascular function, and voice. We have systematically reviewed the current literature in regard to functional rhinoplasty and septoplasty to summarize current surgical maneuvers and their impact on nasal function, along with physiological and perceived functional changes from rhinoplasty.
Dusk to Dawn: Evaluating the effect of a hospital-based youth violence prevention program on youths' perception of risk
Authors: Snyder Katherine Brooke , Farrens Ashley , Raposo-Hadley Ashley , Tibbits Melissa , Burt Jennifer , Bauman Zachary M. , Evans Charity H. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Historically, youth violence prevention strategies used deterrence-based programming with limited success. We developed a youth violence prevention program, Dusk to Dawn (D2D), intended to improve youths' recognition of high-risk situations and teach new skills in conflict resolution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of D2D on youths' perceptions of personal risk factors and high-risk situations.

METHODS
Youth ages 12 years to 18 years were referred to D2D by community-based organizations, probation, or youth detention center. The youth completed a self-report survey before and after participating in D2D.

RESULTS
One hundred eight youth participated in D2D. Pretest and posttest results for self-reported personal risk factors and high-risk situations for violence are presented. For personal risk factors, a statistically significant increase in the perception that family (p < 0.01) and other issues (p < 0.05), and a decrease in the perception that school problems (<0.05) were seen as important personal risk factors. For high-risk situations, increases in the perception that peer violence and substance use as high-risk situations were seen as significant at the trend level (p < 0.10). Of the 60% of participants who answered questions regarding satisfaction with D2D, 83.3% agreed or strongly agreed that D2D helped them to better understand violence and 83.3% would recommend D2D to others.

CONCLUSION
Youth violence prevention programming including an explicit discussion of how violence is learned and the role of family, friends, school, and a community in shaping youths' attitudes toward violence can effectively raise awareness of one's own risk factors. Risk factors for youth violence are often preventable or modifiable, making awareness of one's own risk factors a realistic target for youth violence prevention programs.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management, Level III.
Large volume transfusion with whole blood is safe compared with component therapy
Authors: Gallaher Jared Robert , Dixon Alexandra , Cockcroft April , Grey Maverick , Dewey Elizabeth , Goodman Andrew , Schreiber Martin 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Transfusion with uncrossmatched cold-stored low-titer group O-positive or -negative whole blood (WB) in civilian trauma has been investigated as an alternative to component therapy but only in limited volumes. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the safety and efficacy of large volume transfusion of patients with trauma with WB.

METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort analysis comparing trauma patients resuscitated with component therapy (COMP) versus component therapy plus WB. The COMP group was comprised of patients who presented from January 2017 through June 2018 and the WB group from patients who presented from July 2018 through January 2019 after WB became available. We included patients if they received 1 unit of WB or red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 hours of admission and had massive transfusion protocol activated. We used bivariate analysis to compare groups. For analysis, one unit of WB equaled 1 unit of RBCs, 1 unit of plasma, and 1/6 of a unit of platelets.

RESULTS
Forty-two patients received WB and 83 patients received COMP with similar baseline characteristics. Patients had a median age of 41 years (interquartile range [IQR], 28–61 years) and 73% were male. Thirty percent had penetrating injuries with a median Injury Severity Score of 29 (IQR, 17–38). The WB group received a median of 6.5 units (IQR, 3–11). The WB group received significantly more component-equivalent units but with a plasma/RBC ratio of 0.94:1 compared with 0.8:1 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in 24-hour mortality (COMP, 27% vs. WB, 29%, p = 0.8) or 30-day mortality (COMP, 46% vs. WB, 58% p = 0.2). There were no transfusion reactions.

CONCLUSION
Transfusion utilizing primarily WB in civilian trauma is feasible, even in large volumes. It appears to be a safe and effective addition to component therapy and may lead to a more balanced resuscitation but with more overall product used.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, Level IV.
Vasopressor selection during critical care management of brain dead organ donors and the effects on kidney graft function
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth A. , Patel Madhukar S. , Groat Tahnee , Jameson Nora E. , Ellis Margaret K. M. , Hutchens Michael P. , Niemann Claus U. , Malinoski Darren J. , Sally Mitchell B. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Delayed graft function (DGF), the need for dialysis in the first week following kidney transplant, affects approximately one quarter of deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients. Donor demographics, donor serum creatinine, and graft cold ischemia time are associated with DGF. However, there is no consensus on the optimal management of hemodynamic instability in organ donors after brain death (DBDs). Our objective was to determine the relationship between vasopressor selection during donor management and the development of DGF.

METHODS
Prospective observational data, including demographic and critical care parameters, were collected for all DBDs managed by 17 organ procurement organizations from nine Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Regions between 2012 and 2018. Recipient outcome data were linked with donor data through donor identification numbers. Donor critical care parameters, including type of vasopressor and doses, were recorded at three standardized time points during donor management. The analysis included only donors who received at least one vasopressor at all three time points. Vasopressor doses were converted to norepinephrine equivalent doses and analyzed as continuous variables. Univariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between donor variables and DGF. Results were adjusted for known predictors of DGF using binary logistic regression.

RESULTS
Complete data were available for 5,554 kidney transplant recipients and 2,985 DBDs. On univariate analysis, donor serum creatinine, donor age, donor subtype, kidney donor profile index, graft cold ischemia time, phenylephrine dose, and dopamine dose were associated with DGF. After multivariable analysis, increased donor serum creatinine, donor age, kidney donor profile index, graft cold ischemia time, and phenylephrine dose remained independent predictors of DGF.

CONCLUSION
Higher doses of phenylephrine were an independent predictor of DGF. With the exception of phenylephrine, the selection and dose of vasopressor during donor management did not predict the development of DGF.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, Level III.
GENOMIC CHARACTERISATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 IN ITALY
Authors: Zehender Gianguglielmo , Lai Alessia , Bergna Annalisa , Meroni Luca , Riva Agostino , Balotta Claudia , Tarkowski Maciej , Gabrieli Arianna , Bernacchia Dario , Rusconi Stefano , Rizzardini Giuliano , Antinori Spinello , Galli Massimo 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis report describes the isolation, the molecular characterization and the phylogenetic analysis of the first three complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from three patients involved in the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy. Early molecular epidemiological tracing suggests that SARS-CoV-2 was present in Italy weeks before the first reported cases of infection.
Development and Evaluation of an Android-based Platform for Early MCI Detection in an Elderly Population
Authors: Roozrokh Arshadi Montazer Mahsa , Zahediannasb Roohollah , Sharifian Roxana , Tahamtan Mahshid , Nasiri Mahdi , Nami Mohammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage of cognitive decline fitting in-between normal cognition and dementia. With the growing aging population, this study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate an android-based application for early MCI detection in elderly subjects.MethodThis study was conducted in two phases, including 1-Initial design and prototyping of the application named M-Check, 2-psychometric evaluation. After the design and development of the M-Check app, it was evaluated by experts and elderly subjects. Face validity was determined by two checklists provided to the expert panel and the elderly subjects. Convergent validity of the M-Check app was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) battery through Pearson correlation. Test-retest and internal consistency and reliability were evaluated using Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) and Kuder-Richardson coefficients, respectively. In addition, the usability was assessed by a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. SPSS 16.0 was employed to analyze the data.ResultThe app’s usability assessment by elderlies and experts scored 77.11 and 82.5, respectively. Also, the correlation showed that the M-Check app was negatively correlated with the MoCA test (r = -0.71, p <0.005), and the ICC was more than 0.7. Moreover, the Richardson’s Coder coefficient was 0.82, corresponding to an acceptable reliability.ConclusionIn this study, we validated the M-Check app for the detection of MCI based on the growing need for cognitive assessment tools that can identify early decline. Such screeners are expected to take much shorter time than typical neuropsychological batteries do. Additional work are yet to be underway to ensure that M-Check is ready to launch and used without the presence of a trained person.
Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gautret Philippe , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Parola Philippe , Hoang Van Thuan , Meddeb Line , Mailhe Morgane , Doudier Barbara , Courjon Johan , Giordanengo Valérie , Vieira Vera Esteves , Dupont Hervé Tissot , Honoré Stéphane , Colson Philippe , Chabrière Eric , Scola Bernard La , Rolain Jean-Marc , Brouqui Philippe , Raoult Didier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been found to be efficient on SARS-CoV-2, and reported to be efficient in Chinese COV-19 patients. We evaluate the role of hydroxychloroquine on respiratory viral loads.Patients and methodsPatients were included in a single arm protocol to receive 600mg of hydroxychloroquine daily and their viral load in nasal swabs was tested daily. Depending on their clinical presentation, azithromycin was added to the treatment. Untreated patients from another center and cases refusing the protocol were included as negative controls. Presence and absence of virus at Day6-post inclusion was considered the end point.ResultsTwenty cases were treated in this study and showed a significant reduction of the viral carriage at D6-post inclusion compared to controls, and much lower average carrying duration than reported of untreated patients in the literature. Azithromycin added to hydroxychloroquine was significantly more efficient for virus elimination.ConclusionHydroxychloroquine is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin.
Roles of meteorological conditions in COVID-19 transmission on a worldwide scale
Authors: Chen Biqing , Liang Hao , Yuan Xiaomin , Hu Yingying , Xu Miao , Zhao Yating , Zhang Binfen , Tian Fang , Zhu Xuejun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has caused great damage to public health and economy worldwide with over 140,000 infected cases up to date. Previous research has suggested an involvement of meteorological conditions in the spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases, such as influenza. However, as for the recent novel coronavirus, few studies have discussed systematically about the role of daily weather in the epidemic transmission of the virus. Here, we examine the relationships of meteorological variables with the severity of the outbreak on a worldwide scale. The confirmed case counts, which indicates the severity of COVID-19 spread, and four meteorological variables, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and visibility, were collected daily between January 20 and March 11 (52 days) for 430 cities and districts all over China, 21 cities/provinces in Italy, 21 cities/provinces in Japan, and 51 other countries around the world. Four different time delays of weather (on the day, 3 days ago, 7 days ago, and 14 days ago) as to the epidemic situation were taken for modeling and we finally chose the weather two weeks ago to model against the daily epidemic situation as its correlated with the outbreak best. Taken Chinese cities as a discovery dataset, it was suggested that temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity combined together could best predict the epidemic situation. The meteorological model could well predict the outbreak around the world with a high correlation (r2>0.6) with the real data. Using this model, we further predicted the possible epidemic situation in the future 12 days in several high-latitude cities with potential outbreak. This model could provide more information for government’s future decisions on COVID-19 outbreak control.
A comprehensive analysis of dominant and recessive parkinsonism genes in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Mufti Kheireddin , Rudakou Uladzislau , Yu Eric , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Asayesh Farnaz , Laurent Sandra B. , Spiegelman Dan , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T.M. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Gagnon Jean-François , Desautels Alex , Dauvilliers Yves , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Janes Francesco , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra , Holzknecht Evi , Sonka Karel , Kemlink David , Oertel Wolfgang , Janzen Annette , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel-Döring Friederike , De Cock Valérie Cochen , Monaca Christelle Charley , Heidbreder Anna , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Abril Beatriz , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan-Or Ziv 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) Parkinsonism genes in the risk of isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).MethodsTen genes implicated in AD and AR Parkinsonism were fully sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing in 1,039 iRBD patients and 1,852 controls of European ancestry. These include the AR genes PRKN, DJ-1 (PARK7), PINK1, VPS13C, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and PLA2G6, and the AD genes LRRK2, GCH1 and VPS35. To examine the role of rare heterozygous variants in these genes, burden test and SKAT-O analyses were performed. The contribution of homozygous and compound heterozygous variants was further examined in the AR genes. Copy number variants (CNVs) in PRKN were tested in a subset of samples (n=374) using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification followed by analysis of all samples using ExomeDepth.ResultsWe found no association between rare heterozygous variants in the tested genes and risk for iRBD. Several homozygous and compound heterozygous carriers were identified with variants of unknown significance, yet there was no overrepresentation in iRBD patients versus controls.ConclusionOur results do not support a major role for variants in PRKN, PARK7, PINK1, VPS13C, ATP13A2, FBXO7, PLA2G6, LRRK2, GCH1 and VPS35 in the risk of iRBD.
Increasing prevalence of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Portugal: implications for first line treatment recommendations
Authors: Pingarilho Marta , Pimentel Victor , Diogo Isabel , Fernandes Sandra , Miranda Mafalda , Pineda-Pena Andrea , Libin Pieter , Theys Kristof , Martins M. Rosário O. , Vandamme Anne-Mieke , Camacho Ricardo , Gomes Perpétua , Abecasis Ana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for all recommendations has allowed access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to an increasing number of patients. This minimizes transmission of infection but can potentiate the risk for development of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR).ObjectiveTo study the trends of TDR and ADR in patients followed in Portuguese hospitals between 2001 and 2017.Method11911 patients of the Portuguese REGA database were included. TDR was defined as the presence of one or more surveillance drug resistance mutations according to the WHO surveillance list. Phenotypic resistance to ARV was evaluated with Standford HIVdb v7.0. Patterns of TDR, ADR and prevalence of mutations over time were analysed with logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of TDR increased from 7.9% in 2003 to 13.1% in 2017 (pfor-trend<0.001). This was due to a significant increase of both resistance mutations to nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) from 5.6% to 6.7% (pfor-trend=0.002) and 2.9% to 8.9% (pfor-trend<0.001), respectively. TDR to Protease Inhibitors decreased from 4.0% in 2003 to 2.2 in 2017 (pfor-trend=0.985). Paradoxically, the prevalence of ADR declined from 86.6% in 2001 to 51.0% in 2017 (pfor-trend<0.001) caused by a declining drug resistance to all ARV classes (pfor-trend<0.001).ConclusionsWhile ADR is declining since 2001, TDR has been increasing, reaching a value of 13.1% by the end of 2017. It is urgent to develop public health programs to monitor levels and patterns of TDR in newly diagnosed patients.
Characterization of anti-viral immunity in recovered individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ni Ling , Ye Fang , Chen Meng-Li , Feng Yu , Deng Yong-Qiang , Zhao Hui , Wei Peng , Ge Jiwan , Li Xiaoli , Sun Lin , Wang Pengzhi , Liang Peng , Guo Han , Wang Xinquan , Qin Cheng-Feng , Chen Fang , Dong Chen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe WHO has declared SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. However, to date, there was hardly any study in characterizing the immune responses, especially adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged, and analyzed their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses. We observed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in the patients. Both were detected in newly discharged patients, suggesting both participate in immune-mediated protection to viral infection. However, follow-up patients (2 weeks post discharge) exhibited high titers of IgG antibodies, but with low levels of virus-specific T cells, suggesting that they may enter a quiescent state. Our work has thus provided a basis for further analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially in the severe cases. It has also implications in designing an effective vaccine to protect and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.