bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within-person increase in pathological worry predicts future depletion of unique executive functioning domains
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAffective neuroscience and scar theories propose that increased excessive worry, the hallmark symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), predicts future declines in executive functioning (EF). However, the preponderance of cross-sectional designs used to examine between-person chronic worry–EF relationships has blocked progress on understanding their potentially causal within-person associations. Accordingly, this study used bivariate dual latent change score (LCS) models to test whether within-person increased GAD severity might relate to future reduced EF.MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults (N = 2581, 46 years on average, s.d. = 11.40, 54.71% female) were assessed for GAD symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form) across three waves, spaced about 9 years apart. Three aspects of EF [inhibition, set-shifting, and mixing costs (MCs; a measure related to common EF)], were assessed with stop-and-go switch tasks. Participants responded to 20 normal and 20 reverse single-task block trials and 32 mixed-task switch block trials. EF tests were administered at time 2 (T2) and time 3 (T3), but not at time 1 (T1).ResultsAfter controlling for T1 depression, LCS models revealed that within-person increased T1 − T2 GAD severity substantially predicted future reduced T2 − T3 inhibition and set-shifting (both indexed by accuracy and latency), and MC (indexed by latency) with moderate-to-large effect sizes (|d| = 0.51–0.96).ConclusionsResults largely support scar theories by offering preliminary within-person, naturalistic evidence that heightened excessive worry can negatively predict future distinct aspects of cognitive flexibility. Effectively targeting pathological worry might prevent difficulties arising from executive dysfunction.
The High Stakes of Small Numbers: Flight, Diplomacy, and Refugee Return on the Habsburg-Ottoman Border 1873–74
Authors: Manasek Jared 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the causes and repercussions of the flight of two-dozen Orthodox Christian merchants from Ottoman Bosnia to Habsburg Croatia in 1873. The seemingly minor event quickly escalated from an isolated border incident to a full-blown diplomatic crisis-defused only with the merchants' repatriation, the recall of a Habsburg consul, and the removal of the Ottoman provincial governor and other officials. After outlining the course of events and increasing Ottoman-Habsburg tensions, the article turns to the refugees' efforts to affect the outcome of emerging crisis. Although ultimately of little influence, the refugees' sophisticated invocation of international legal norms reflected a largely conservative trust in the international system's ability to rectify perceived violations of treaty terms-a belief that quickly vanished after the outbreak of the Eastern Crisis in 1875.
An edition of the four sermons attributed to Candidus Witto
Authors: Jones Christopher A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 1891, Germain Morin identified a set of brief, anonymous Latin sermons that he controversially attributed to Alcuin’s Anglo-Saxon pupil named ‘Witto’ or ‘Wizo’ in Old English, ‘Candidus’ in Latin. The texts in question are of considerable interest but have remained unprinted and thus scarcely known. The present article offers an edition of them, based on all the known manuscripts, as well as a translation and commentary. An introductory discussion reviews the state of scholarship on Candidus’s career and writings, then examines in detail the content and sources of the four texts, the evidence supporting their attribution to Candidus, and some points of comparison between the items here edited and other Latin sermons produced at Carolingian centres in the early ninth century.
The northern world of the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi
Authors: Appleton Helen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi, sometimes known as the Cotton map or Cottoniana, is found on folio 56v of London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius B. v, which dates from the first half of the eleventh century. This unique survivor from the period presents a detailed image of the inhabited world, centred on the Mediterranean. The map’s distinctive cartography, with its emphasis on islands, seas and urban spaces, reflects an Insular, West Saxon geographic imagination. As Evelyn Edson has observed, the mappa mundi appears to be copy of an earlier, larger map. This article argues that the mappa mundi’s focus on urban space, translatio imperii and Scandinavia is reminiscent of the Old English Orosius, and that it originates from a similar milieu. The mappa mundi’s northern perspective, together with its obvious dependence on and emulation of Carolingian cartography, suggest that its lost exemplar originated in the assertive England of the earlier tenth century.
St Kenelm, St Melor and Anglo-Breton contact from the tenth to the twelfth centuries
Authors: Brett Caroline 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the similarity between two apparently unrelated hagiographical texts: Vita et Miracula Kenelmi, composed between 1045 and the 1080s and attributed to Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, and Vita Melori, composed perhaps in the 1060s–1080s but surviving only in a variety of late-medieval versions from England and France. Kenelm was venerated at Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, Melor chiefly at Lanmeur, Finistère. Both saints were reputed to be royal child martyrs, and their Vitae contain a sequence of motifs and miracles so similar that a textual relationship or common oral origin seems a reasonable hypothesis. In order to elucidate this, possible contexts for the composition of Vita Melori are considered, and evidence for the Breton contacts of Goscelin and, earlier, Winchcombe Abbey is investigated. No priority of one Vita over the other can be demonstrated, but their relationship suggests that there was more cultural contact between western Brittany and England from the mid-tenth to the twelfth centuries than emerges overtly in the written record.
‘In me porto crucem’: a new light on the lost St Margaret’s crux nigra
Authors: Marzela Francesco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSt Margaret of Scotland owned a reliquary containing a relic of the True Cross known as crux nigra. Both Turgot, Margaret’s biographer, and Aelred of Rievaulx, who spent some years at the court of Margaret’s son, King David, mention the reliquary without offering sufficient information on its origin. The Black Rood was probably lost or destroyed in the sixteenth century. Some lines written on the margins of a twelfth-century manuscript containing Aelred’s Genealogia regum Anglorum can now shed a new light on this sacred object. The mysterious lines, originally written on the Black Rood or more probably on the casket in which it was contained, claim that the relic once belonged to an Anglo-Saxon king, and at the same time they seem to convey a significant political message.
Seismic Evidence for Water Transportation in the Forearc off Northern Japan
Authors: Yu Zhiteng , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe water cycle plays an essential role in arc volcanism, earthquake generation, mantle rheology, and thermal structure of subduction zones. Previous seismic studies have revealed strong structural heterogeneities in the megathrust zone in Northeast Japan and Hokkaido. However, water transportation in the forearc region remains poorly understood due to the lack of long‐term seismic observatories at the seafloor. Using high‐quality data recently recorded by the permanent ocean‐bottom‐seismometer network (S‐net) in the Pacific Ocean off Northern Japan, we study the fine three‐dimensional P wave velocity (Vp) structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kuril and Tohoku forearc region. Our results reveal high velocities in the mantle‐wedge corner, implying a low degree of serpentinization there. We suggest that the forearc mantle in the study region is cold and anhydrous. The slab interface under the forearc area may have a low permeability, which controls the fluid flux to the mantle wedge and the overriding plate. A low‐Vp layer atop the subducting Pacific plate is interpreted as the subducted oceanic crust. Dehydration of the subducted oceanic crust occurs at depths of 80–120 km, providing a large volume of water to the overriding mantle wedge to produce arc volcanoes, and part of the water may migrate upward to the shallow area. Large megathrust earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.0) mainly occurred around low‐Vp patches in the megathrust zone. Destruction of the low‐permeability slab interface would result in fluid flow upward, which may trigger large megathrust earthquakes and seismicity in the mantle wedge under the forearc.
Inertia‐Gravity Waves Revealed in Radiosonde Data at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica (74°37′S, 164°13′E): 2. Potential Sources and Their Relation to Inertia‐Gravity Waves
Authors: Yoo J.‐H. , Song I.‐S. , Chun H.‐Y. , Song B.‐G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPotential sources of inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs) in the lower stratosphere (z = 15–22 km) at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica (74°37′S, 164°13′E) are investigated using 3‐year (December 2014 to November 2017) radiosonde data, including the 25‐month result (December 2014 to December 2016) analyzed in Yoo et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029164, Part 1). For this investigation, three‐dimensional backward ray tracing calculations are conducted using the Gravity wave Regional Or Global RAy Tracer. Among 248 IGWs, 112, 68, and 68 waves are generated in the troposphere (z < 8 km), tropopause (z = 8–15 km), and lower stratosphere (z = 15–18.5 km), respectively. These waves mainly propagate from the northwestern and southwestern regions of Jang Bogo Station dominated by the prevailing westerlies between the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Potential sources of IGWs are categorized into orography, fronts, convection, and the flow imbalance including the upper‐tropospheric jet stream. In the troposphere, relatively large numbers of waves are associated with fronts (37) and orography (35) compared with convection (28). In the tropopause (stratosphere), 36 (42) waves, including 11 cases associated with the upper‐tropospheric jet stream, are excited by the flow imbalance. Waves related to the flow imbalance are characterized by low intrinsic frequency (1–2f), short vertical wavelength (1–2 km), and longer horizontal wavelength (50–1000 km), whereas the waves induced by the tropospheric sources have wider ranges of intrinsic frequency (1–20f) and vertical wavelengths (1–15 km) with relatively shorter horizontal wavelengths (less than 500 km).
Transformation of hard pollen into soft matter
Authors: Fan Teng-Fei , Park Soohyun , Shi Qian , Zhang Xingyu , Liu Qimin , Song Yoohyun , Chin Hokyun , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin Bin , Mokrzecka Natalia , Yang Yun , Li Hua , Song Juha , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam-Joon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPollen’s practically-indestructible shell structure has long inspired the biomimetic design of organic materials. However, there is limited understanding of how the mechanical, chemical, and adhesion properties of pollen are biologically controlled and whether strategies can be devised to manipulate pollen beyond natural performance limits. Here, we report a facile approach to transform pollen grains into soft microgel by remodeling pollen shells. Marked alterations to the pollen substructures led to environmental stimuli responsiveness, which reveal how the interplay of substructure-specific material properties dictates microgel swelling behavior. Our investigation of pollen grains from across the plant kingdom further showed that microgel formation occurs with tested pollen species from eudicot plants. Collectively, our experimental and computational results offer fundamental insights into how tuning pollen structure can cause dramatic alterations to material properties, and inspire future investigation into understanding how the material science of pollen might influence plant reproductive success.
Stabilizing mechanism of single-atom catalysts on a defective carbon surface
Authors: Wu Lianping , Hu Shuling , Yu Wenshan , Shen Shengping , Li Teng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSingle-atom (SA) catalysts represent the ultimate limit of atom use efficiency for catalysis. Promising experimental progress in synthesizing SA catalysts aside, the atomic-scale transformation mechanism from metal nanoparticles (NPs) to metal SAs and the stabilization mechanism of SA catalysts at high temperature remain elusive. Through systematic molecular dynamics simulations, for the first time, we reveal the atomic-scale mechanisms associated with the transformation of a metal NP into an array of stable SAs on a defective carbon surface at a high temperature, using Au as a model material. Simulations reveal the pivotal role of defects in the carbon surface in trapping and stabilizing the Au-SAs at high temperatures, which well explain previous experimental observations. Furthermore, reactive simulations demonstrate that the thermally stable Au-SAs exhibit much better catalyst activity than Au-NPs for the methane oxidation at high temperatures, in which the substantially reduced energy barriers for oxidation reaction steps are the key. Findings in this study offer mechanistic and quantitative guidance for material selection and optimal synthesis conditions to stabilize metal SA catalysts at high temperatures.
Artificial microbiome heterogeneity spurs six practical action themes and examples to increase study power-driven reproducibility
Authors: Basson Abigail R. , LaSalla Alexandria , Lam Gretchen , Kulpins Danielle , Moen Erika L. , Sundrud Mark S. , Miyoshi Jun , Ilic Sanja , Theriault Betty R. , Cominelli Fabio , Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith >70,000 yearly publications using mouse data, mouse models represent the best engrained research system to address numerous biological questions across all fields of science. Concerns of poor study and microbiome reproducibility also abound in the literature. Despite the well-known, negative-effects of data clustering on interpretation and study power, it is unclear why scientists often house >4 mice/cage during experiments, instead of ≤2. We hypothesized that this high animal-cage-density practice abounds in published literature because more mice/cage could be perceived as a strategy to reduce housing costs. Among other sources of ‘artificial’ confounding, including cyclical oscillations of the ‘dirty-cage/excrement microbiome’, we ranked by priority the heterogeneity of modern husbandry practices/perceptions across three professional organizations that we surveyed in the USA. Data integration (scoping-reviews, professional-surveys, expert-opinion, and ‘implementability-score-statistics’) identified Six-Actionable Recommendation Themes (SART) as a framework to re-launch emerging protocols and intuitive statistical strategies to use/increase study power. ‘Cost-vs-science’ discordance was a major aspect explaining heterogeneity, and scientists’ reluctance to change. With a ‘housing-density cost-calculator-simulator’ and fully-annotated statistical examples/code, this themed-framework streamlines the rapid analysis of cage-clustered-data and promotes the use of ‘study-power-statistics’ to self-monitor the success/reproducibility of basic and translational research. Examples are provided to help scientists document analysis for study power-based sample size estimations using preclinical mouse data to support translational clinical trials, as requested in NIH/similar grants or publications.
Microplastics generated when opening plastic packaging
Authors: Sobhani Zahra , Lei Yongjia , Tang Youhong , Wu Liwei , Zhang Xian , Naidu Ravi , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Fang Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMillions of tonnes of plastics have been released into the environment. Although the risk of plastics to humans is not yet resolved, microplastics, in the range of 1 μm - 5 mm, have entered our bodies, originating either from ingestion via the food chain or from inhalation of air. Generally there are two sources of microplastics, either directly from industry, such as cosmetic exfoliants, or indirectly from physical, chemical and biological fragmentation of large (>5 mm) plastic residues. We have found that microplastics can be generated by simple tasks in our daily lives such as by scissoring with scissors, tearing with hands, cutting with knives or twisting manually, to open plastics containers/bags/tapes/caps. These processes can generate about 0.46–250 microplastic/cm. This amount is dependent on the conditions such as stiffness, thickness, anisotropy, the density of plastic materials and the size of microplastics.This finding sends an important warning, that we must be careful when opening plastic packaging, if we are concerned about microplastics and care about reducing microplastics contamination.
Changes in climate patterns and their association to natural hazard distribution in South Tyrol (Eastern Italian Alps)
Authors: Schlögel Romy , Kofler Christian , Gariano Stefano Luigi , Van Campenhout Jean , Plummer Stephen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Alpine regions changes in seasonal climatic parameters, such as temperature, rainfall, and snow amount have already been observed. Specifically, in the South Tyrol area, meteorological observations indicate that temperatures are increasing and the number of snow days has generally diminished over time with perennial snow line now observed at higher elevations. Changes in rainfall have also been observed with more events associated with higher temperatures in the summer season. Natural hazards - mainly debris and mud flows, landslides, avalanches, rock falls, and (flash) floods - that affect this area every year, damaging population and infrastructures, are either weather or cryosphere-related. While these events have been recorded sporadically since the beginning of the 20th century, a systematic approach of their inventory has been done by local authorities since the 1990s. So far, Earth observation data has not been exploited to complete or complement existing inventories nor have they been used to investigate the influence of climate perturbation on potentially dangerous natural phenomena. The research presented here thus has three objectives: (i) analyse long time series of climate data and hazard occurrence in South Tyrol to examine if these records exhibit a coherent response of hazards to changes in climate; (ii) measure the spatio-temporal evolution of climatic and natural hazard events recorded, and (iii) explore potential relations between meteorological conditions and the hazard occurrence. In this context, in-situ and satellite-based climate data are exploited to study natural hazard triggers while the potential of Earth observation data is evaluated as a complement to the existing historical records of natural hazards. Specifically, Copernicus Sentinel-1 images are used to detect the spatio-temporal distribution of slow earth surface deformations and the results used for checking the completeness of the actual slow-moving landslide inventories. Hazard-related changes in the South Tyrolian landscape have also been analysed in relation to particular meteorological events at a regional scale, assessing trends and anomalies. Results show that: (i) satellite data are very useful to complement the existing natural hazard inventories; (ii) in-situ and satellite-based climate records show similar patterns but differ due to regional versus local variability; (iii) even in a data-rich region such as the analysed area, the overall response of natural hazard occurrence, magnitude, and frequency to change in climate variables is difficult to decipher due to the presence of multiple triggers and locally driven ground responses. However, an increase in the average annual duration of rainfall events and debris flow occurrence can be observed.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Seed Priming Improves Germination, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) at multi-locations in Texas
Authors: Acharya Pratibha , Jayaprakasha Guddadadarangavvanahally K. , Crosby Kevin M. , Jifon John L. , Patil Bhimanagouda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeed priming uses treatments to improve seed germination and thus potentially increase growth and yield. Low-cost, environmentally friendly, effective seed treatment remain to be optimized and tested for high-value specialty crop like watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in multi-locations. This remains a particularly acute problem for triploids, which produce desirable seedless watermelons, but show low germination rates. In the present study, turmeric oil nanoemulsions (TNE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from agro-industrial byproducts were used as nanopriming agents for diploid (Riverside) and triploid (Maxima) watermelon seeds. Internalization of nanomaterials was confirmed by neutron activation analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The seedling emergence rate at 14 days after sowing was significantly higher in AgNP-treated triploid seeds compared to other treatments. Soluble sugar (glucose and fructose) contents were enhanced during germination in the AgNP-treated seeds at 96 h. Seedlings grown in the greenhouse were transplanted at four locations in Texas: Edinburg, Pecos, Grapeland, and Snook in 2017. At Snook, higher yield 31.6% and 35.6% compared to control were observed in AgNP-treated Riverside and Maxima watermelons, respectively. To validate the first-year results, treated and untreated seeds of both cultivars were sown in Weslaco, Texas in 2018. While seed emegence and stand establishments were enhanced by seed priming, total phenolics radical-scavenging activities, and macro- and microelements in the watermelon fruits were not significantly different from the control. The results of the present study demonstracted that seed priming with AgNPs can enhance seed germination, growth, and yield while maintaining fruit quality through an eco-friendly and sustainable nanotechnological approach.
Maximising recombination across macadamia populations to generate linkage maps for genome anchoring
Authors: Langdon Kirsty S. , King Graham J. , Baten Abdul , Mauleon Ramil , Bundock Peter C. , Topp Bruce L. , Nock Catherine J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Proteaceae genus Macadamia has a recent history of domestication as a commercial nut crop. We aimed to establish the first sequence-based haploid-correlated reference genetic linkage maps for this primarily outcrossing perennial tree crop, with marker density suitable for genome anchoring. Four first generation populations were used to maximise the segregation patterns available within full-sib, biparental and self-pollinated progeny. This allowed us to combine segregation data from overlapping subsets of >4,000 informative sequence-tagged markers to increase the effective coverage of the karyotype represented by the recombinant crossover events detected. All maps had 14 linkage groups, corresponding to the Macadamia haploid chromosome number, and enabled the anchoring and orientation of sequence scaffolds to construct a pseudo-chromosomal genome assembly for macadamia. Comparison of individual maps indicated a high level of congruence, with minor discrepancies satisfactorily resolved within the integrated maps. The combined set of maps significantly improved marker density and the proportion (70%) of the genome sequence assembly anchored. Overall, increasing our understanding of the genetic landscape and genome for this nut crop represents a substantial advance in macadamia genetics and genomics. The set of maps, large number of sequence-based markers and the reconstructed genome provide a toolkit to underpin future breeding that should help to extend the macadamia industry as well as provide resources for the long term conservation of natural populations in eastern Australia of this unique genus.