bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contentious Minds
Authors: Passy Florence , Monsch Gian-Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Why does the mind matter for joint action? Contentious Minds is a comparative study of how cognitive and relational processes allow activists to sustain their commitment. With survey data and narratives of activists engaged in three commitment communities, the minds of activists involved in contentious politics are compared with those devoted to institutional and volunteering action. The book’s main argument is that activists of one commitment community have synchronized minds concerning the aim and means of their activism as they perceive common good (aim) and politics (means) through similar cognitive lenses. The book shows the importance of direct conversational contact with individuals in bringing about this synchronization. Assessing the synchronization within communities as well as the variation between them constitutes a major purpose of this book. It shows that activists construct and enact community-specific democratic cultures, thereby entering the public sphere through collective action. The book makes three major contributions. First, it emphasizes the necessity to return the study of the mind to research on activism, Second, it calls for an integrated relational perspective that rests on the structural, instrumental, and interpretative dimensions of social networks. Finally, it advocates a substantial integration of culture in the study of social movements by effectively valuing the role of culture in shaping a person’s mind.
Introduction
Authors: Farmer Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In post World War II France, the postwar drive to modernize and explosive economic growth caused the collapse of the peasantry as a social class. Peasants left the countryside en masse, villages emptied out, and fields that had been cultivated for centuries were left fallow. And yet, this book argues, rural France did not vanish in the sweeping transformations of the 1950s and 1960s. Paradoxically, postwar modernization made the French yearn for imaginative and tangible connections to the life that peasants had once lived. This, in turn, became an engine of change in its own right. Rural Inventions explores this paradox. Nostalgia for the rural is a thread that runs through the chapters of this study. Yet Rural Inventions also shows that in the postagrarian society initiated by the postwar economic boom, the rural could become a harbinger of future possibilities. Participants in France’s peasant moment of the 1960s to early 1980s reinscribed dwelling in the countryside as an essential component of contemporary modern life.
The Return of Great Power Rivalry
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The United States of America has been the most powerful country in the world for the past seventy years, but will Washington’s reign as the world’s leading superpower continue? The U.S. National Security Strategy declares that the return of great power competition with Russia and China is the greatest threat to U.S. national security and economic well-being. Perhaps surprisingly, international relations scholarship does not have much to say about who wins great power rivalries, and many contemporary analysts argue that America’s autocratic rivals will succeed in disrupting or displacing U.S. global leadership. In sharp contrast, this book makes the novel argument that democracies enjoy built-in advantages in international geopolitics. Drawing on the writings of political philosophers—such as Herodotus, Machiavelli, and Montesquieu—and cutting-edge social science research, this book explains the unique economic, diplomatic, and military advantages that democracies bring to the international arena. It then carefully considers the advantages and disadvantages possessed by autocratic great powers. These ideas are then examined in a series of seven case studies of democratic-versus-autocratic rivalries throughout history, from ancient Greece to the Cold War. The book then unpacks the implications of this analysis for the United States, Russia, and China today. It concludes that, despite its many problems, America’s fundamentals are still much better than Russia’s and China’s. By making the “hard-power” argument for democracy, this book provides an innovative way of thinking about power in international politics and provides an optimistic assessment about the future of American global leadership.
Athens, Sparta, and Persia
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the rise of Athens in the ancient world and its competitions against its rivals, Persia and Sparta. It argues that its democratic institutions were a key to its success. Athens was the world’s first democracy, and it rose to become the leader of the Greeks, with an empire that stretched from North Africa to Crimea. It was a major trading and naval power and forged a formidable alliance of Greek city-states to defeat the mighty Persian Empire. It then fought a legendary series of wars against its oligarchic rival for ascendancy in Greece, Sparta. In the end, Athens’s form of direct democracy and decision-making through tyranny of the majority was its undoing. But not before Athens reigned as a liberal leviathan for nearly a century and showcased an enduring model for how other open states could acquire international power and influence.
Experience and Cartesian Agency
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChapter 1 investigates Descartes’s account of the union of body and mind and the confusion that he takes to characterize our understanding of what we are when reflecting on the roles body and mind perform in our lives as human beings. To clarify this confusion, this chapter argues, a specific form of experience is needed, one that enables us to self-determine our thinking and acting. This experience is delivered by the Meditations, as this work’s confronting nature stirs us into action and thereby enables us to explore in a performative exercise what it means to guide one’s thinking by willful determination. Through this new experience, we can better comprehend what the mind is and what it enables us to do, thereby learning to put into practice the conduct of virtuous agents.
Natural History and the Formation of the Human Being
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChapter 6 compares Herder’s and Kant’s accounts of history and how it serves to present humans as part of nature. For Herder, it holds that humans have history because they have reason, while he conceives of reason as a capacity that emerges out of nature itself; human history thereby turns into a subchapter of a general history of nature. For Kant, reason stands outside of nature. Since this is so, Kant also holds that empirical investigations, which build on what we can experience in the realm of nature, necessarily fail to explicate what is crucial about human existence: namely that humans are governed by the capacity to be rational and free. More generally, this comparison reveals that changing conceptions of what human reason is, and where it comes from, motivated a change in the methods deemed suitable for the study of human existence.
Ethical Autonomy
Authors: Swaine Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This book examines the importance of personal autonomy for democratic citizenship and for good lives. It charts the evolution of autonomy and analyzes the proliferation of autonomy in free societies. The book pinpoints serious deficiencies in received ideals of autonomy for individual persons. It delivers an extended critique of personal autonomy, noting the excessive openness and lack of moral structure that personal autonomy provides. It elaborates an argument in favor of ethical autonomy, an alternative kind of autonomy that integrates individual self-rule with moral character. Ethical autonomy includes important restraints on an autonomous individual’s imagination, deliberation, and will. It supports central liberal commitments, it fits with reasonable pluralism, it enhances active and astute forms of democratic citizenship, and it is grounded in fundamental principles of liberty of conscience. This novel understanding enriches the values of freedom, toleration, respect, individual rights, limited government, and the rightful rule of law.
Introduction
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The introduction investigates the literature on Kant’s awakening by Hume. It begins by considering the view, which goes back to Vaihinger and Kemp Smith, that Hume woke Kant by challenging the causal principle defended in the Second Analogy, the principle that every event has a cause. It then takes up the attempts of Kuehn and then of Gawlick and Kreimendahl, in the 1980s, to reconcile Kant’s declaration of his debt to Hume with a later assertion that it was the Antinomy that woke him. Finally, it addresses the rich literature on the topic that has developed in the present century, and in particular the views of Hatfield, Watkins, Forster, and De Pierris and Friedman.
Hume’s Attack on the Rationalist Principle of Sufficient Reason in the Enquiry
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 investigates more precisely where in the Enquiry Kant finds Hume showing that we cannot know causal connections via pure concepts, and thus that we cannot know the principle of sufficient reason. Hume’s rejection of the principle of sufficient reason comes to a head at 4.13, and Hume returns to it at 12.29 note (d). 12.29 note (d) is directed not, as Hume pretends, against Lucretius’s principle Ex nihilo, nihil fit, but against the causal principle that Descartes, Locke, and Clarke had used to prove the existence of God. This is confirmed by reading 12.29 note (d) against the background of Bayle’s “Spinoza.” Descartes’s Ex nihilo, nihil fit is equivalent, for our purposes, to the principle of sufficient reason found in Wolff, Baumgarten, and the early Kant. The chapter addresses Michael Della Rocca’s argument that Hume failed in his attack on the principle of sufficient reason.
Hume’s Attack on the “Impious Maxim” as the Hidden Spine of the Critique
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 tests the proposal that it was Hume’s attack on the principle of sufficient reason that first interrupted Kant’s dogmatic slumber and set Kant on the path to the Critique by looking, in the Critique, for echoes of Enquiry 12.29 note (d). It finds such echoes in the Transcendental Ideal, the Postulates of Empirical Thought, the Analogies of Experience, and the Antinomy of Pure Reason. It seeks to explain how Enquiry 12.29 note (d) might have helped suggest the solution to the Antinomy, transcendental idealism. It discusses Boehm’s view that the Antinomy is a reply to Spinoza. Kant is indeed responding to Spinoza, but also to Clarke; his response to both is inspired by Hume.
The Nature of Love
Authors: Hatfield Elaine , Rapson Richard L. , Purvis Jeanette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Researchers have found that people in love enjoy many advantages: love is known to improve psychological, emotional, and physical health. When things go badly, however, lovers may suffer the pangs of rejection, jealousy, sadness, and anger. People can learn from both the joy of fulfilling relationships and the pain they suffer from the affairs that go wrong. This chapter discusses the joys of love and the troubles of love, as reflected in studies of the neuroscience of love and loss and of unrequited love. It also reports on the physiological and psychological effects of jealousy and vengeance.
The Kentucky, Ohio, and Allegheny (1851–60)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After his success at Niagara, John tried to secure further railroad suspension bridge contracts, yet his only success proved to be an absolute albatross. In 1853, he received a contract to build a railroad suspension bridge over the Kentucky River, but he got no further than building the bridge’s towers. The project lingered on for many years, with hope but no money. A similar situation prevailed in Cincinnati. The necessary funding and legislation were secured by 1856, and John was summoned. The project was shut down two years later after the panic of 1857 left the bridge company’s coffers empty. John finally abandoned his two unfinished towers in 1861, there to stand as lonely witnesses to the presence of a coming war. Better news and better financing came to John out of Pittsburgh, where the St. Clair Street Bridge needed replacing. John was offered the contract, and he completed the bridge on time and under budget in 1860.
Musical Identity
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 proposes a theory of adolescent musical identity based on the experiences of 30 American adolescents, ages 12-18. Musical identity is organized in four developmental periods: (1) active construction, (2) emerging, (3) developing, and (4) focusing. Each developmental period is described in detail with subcategories. Important others who contribute to musical identity include parents and family members, peers, music educators, private lesson instructors, and community music facilitators. The chapter highlights the central experience of musical identity development as feeling musical, a pivotal moment where adolescents described making music for themselves. At the end of the chapter, a visual figure situates musical identity as a dynamic process traveling from externalized to internalized identity construction.
Experiencing Community
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores how scholars define the word community within community psychology and cultural and cognitive anthropology. The chapter begins with how individuals see themselves in groups using David McMillan and David Chavis’s psychological sense of community. Next, the reader is introduced to Edith and Victor Turner’s communitas to speak to how communities work for individuals. Etienne Wenger and Jean Lave’s communities of practice is then discussed to aid educators’ understanding of how communities are built. The chapter encourages readers to consider the action cycle of Jeff Duncan-Andrade and Ernest Morrell’s critical counter-cultural communities of practice. At the end of the chapter, challenges to building and sustaining community are proposed, with questions for reflection.
Greenovation
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Collectively, cities take up a relatively tiny amount of land on the earth, yet emit 72 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Clearly, cities need to be at the center of any broad effort to reduce climate change. This book argues that too many cities are only implementing random acts of greenness that will do little to address the climate crisis. It instead calls for “greenovation”—using the city as a test bed for adopting and perfecting green technologies for more energy-efficient buildings, transportation, and infrastructure more broadly. Further, the text contends that while many city mayors cite income inequality as a pressing problem, few cities are connecting climate action and social justice—another aspect of greenovation. Focusing on the biggest producers of greenhouse gases in cities, buildings, energy, and transportation, the book examines how greenovating cities are reducing emissions overall and lays out an agenda for fostering and implementing urban innovations that can help reverse the path toward irrevocable climate damage. Drawing on interviews with practitioners in more than 20 North American and European cities, the book identifies the strategies and policies they are employing and how support from state, provincial, and national governments has supported or thwarted their efforts.
Energy Efficiency
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a continuum of building-level actions cities are taking in light of the political and economic constraints they face. It begins by explaining the continuum of building-efficiency standards cities are using as well as a continuum of action that runs from individual buildings to all buildings in a defined district. It examines two categories of standards: those for constructing new buildings and those for retrofitting existing buildings. The chapter also considers the question of who gets to occupy green buildings—with the reduced energy costs they make possible—highlighting how some cities are building green low-income housing using methods that are then taken statewide. Finally, it examines how cities, in collaboration with the private and nonprofit sectors, are serving as test beds for technical, financing, and equity greenovations that can be scaled for policy in larger political geographies and for private market participation.
Beyond the Building
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains the technology behind district heating and cooling, which has the potential to be used throughout the world, and examines how it can be more widely deployed in North America. It explores the different approaches to district energy employed in Copenhagen, London, and Vancouver. It then examines the ice-cooled system in Austin, Texas, and Toronto’s deep-lake cooling. The cases illustrate different regulatory barriers, funding and ownership models (municipal vs. private utilities), and technologies. It is shown that district energy, at its best, is integrated with land use, transportation, community development, and energy planning. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy needed at the regional, national, and local levels for broader implementation of both technologies.
Cities and a Green New Deal
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The green economy is booming and many cities are connecting climate action with economic development. Although cities making this link are not necessarily topping the most sustainable city charts, the strong economic link can pave the way for more aggressive climate action. This chapter begins by examining how solar and wind technology production has shifted internationally, and how China has become the dominant player in solar and a leader in wind. It then moves to three historically industrial cities that are seeking to transition to different green economy sectors: New York State is paying $750 million of the $900 million cost to build the nation’s biggest new solar production facility in Buffalo; Cleveland has continued its efforts to develop offshore wind on Lake Erie; and Los Angeles is linking electrification of its buses and development of subways to manufacturing.
The Elements of Greenovation
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the “success factors” that define greenovation. Underpinning all of them is a power struggle that will ultimately determine whether the battle to save the planet is winnable. Will the fossil-fuel companies determine whether we move to renewable energy, or will an energy democracy movement embedded in cities win? Will for-profit utilities determine whether we have district heating and distributed energy, or will the remunicipalization movement expand? Will China become the world’s leader in producing most of the green technology? Some of the answers will be determined by which side mobilizes public opinion. Some will be determined purely by economics. The chapter discusses these questions in the context of the success factors of greenovating cities.
From the Bigot in Our Midst to Good People with Hidden Biases
Authors: McClain Linda C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines two significant stages in the scientific study of prejudice and intergroup relations as a resource for understanding bigotry. It illustrates the first, the post–World War II period, with Gordon W. Allport’s foundational The Nature of Prejudice (1954). The chapter explores the tension in Allport’s work between viewing the bigot as a distinct personality type and viewing prejudice and stereotypes as the outgrowth of ordinary cognitive processes. It analyzes other relevant features of Allport: the social contact hypothesis; the argument that “stateways” (antidiscrimination law) could change “folkways” by enlisting conscience to fight prejudice; and religion’s role in fostering but also condemning bigotry. The chapter explains how social scientists measured prejudice through people’s attitudes toward intermarriage. The second stage the chapter evaluates is study of implicit (or hidden) bias and unconscious cognition (“the bigot in your brain”). Such study maintains that people can recognize and fight those biases.
You Are Waging a Fight of Morality and Conscience
Authors: McClain Linda C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines religious arguments criticizing and supporting Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which ruled “separate but equal” unconstitutional in public education. The chapter contrasts competing theologies of segregation and integration. It shows that segregationists rebutted charges of bigotry by appealing to morality, conscience, and scripture to condemn race mixing and intermarriage. Integrationists enlisted conscience to argue that segregationists distorted scripture and morality. Both sides, the chapter shows, also appealed to science, reason, and American political ideals. The chapter highlights the role of these competing theologies in controversies over Brown by revisiting a case study of the competing responses of the clergy to the 1957 school desegregation crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas. It then examines how Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and other pro–civil rights clergy spoke of redeeming the segregator and rescuing the bigot. Civil rights clergy also worried about the church being on the wrong side of the desegregation issue.
The Three-Process Model of Implicit and Explicit Emotion
Authors: Smith Ryan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The integrated memory model (IMM) proposed that the change process in psychotherapy involves the joint activation and reconsolidation of episodic memory, semantic memory, and emotional responses. The IMM did not thoroughly elaborate on what was meant by “emotional responses,” but a key concept was the distinction between implicit and explicit emotion. This chapter reviews the three-process model (TPM) of implicit and explicit emotion and its implications for extending the IMM. The TPM provides a detailed characterization (at cognitive, computational, and neural levels of description) of the processes associated with an emotional response. These processes include (a) situation appraisal and the subsequent generation of an affective (bodily, cognitive, and automatic skeletomotor) response, (b) the subsequent internal representation of that response (in terms of bodily sensations and emotion concepts), and (c) the role of salience, attention, and goal relevance in moderating whether or not one becomes aware of their emotions. After introducing the TPM, the author illustrates its utility in clarifying the nature of emotional responses in the IMM. The chapter also illustrates how the TPM can provide insight regarding the specific processes targeted by therapeutic interventions and how they could promote more adaptive emotional functioning.