bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-agent belantamab mafodotin for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: analysis of the lyophilised presentation cohort from the pivotal DREAMM-2 study
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Lee Hans C. , Abdallah Al-Ola , Cohen Adam D. , Kapoor Prashant , Voorhees Peter M. , Hoos Axel , Wang Karrie , Baron January , Piontek Trisha , Byrne Julie , Richmond Scott , Jewell Roxanne C. , Opalinska Joanna , Gupta Ira , Lonial Sagar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDREAMM-2 (NCT03525678) is an ongoing global, open-label, phase 2 study of single-agent belantamab mafodotin (belamaf; GSK2857916), a B-cell maturation antigen-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in a frozen-liquid presentation in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Alongside the main study, following identical inclusion/exclusion criteria, a separate patient cohort was enrolled to receive belamaf in a lyophilised presentation (3.4 mg/kg, every 3 weeks) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Primary outcome was independent review committee-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Twenty-five patients were enrolled; 24 received ≥1 dose of belamaf. As of 31 January 2020, ORR was 52% (95% CI: 31.3–72.2); 24% of patients achieved very good partial response. Median duration of response was 9.0 months (2.8–not reached [NR]); median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (2.2–9.7); median overall survival was not reached (8.7 months–NR). Most common grade 3/4 adverse events were keratopathy (microcyst-like corneal epithelial changes, a pathological finding seen on eye examination [75%]), thrombocytopenia (21%), anaemia (17%), hypercalcaemia and hypophosphatemia (both 13%), neutropenia and blurred vision (both 8%). Pharmacokinetics supported comparability of frozen-liquid and lyophilised presentations. Single-agent belamaf in a lyophilised presentation (intended for future use) showed a deep and durable clinical response and acceptable safety profile in patients with heavily pre-treated RRMM.
Recent progress in biodiversity research on the Xylariales and their secondary metabolism
Authors: Becker Kevin , Stadler Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe families Xylariaceae and Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) represent one of the most prolific lineages of secondary metabolite producers. Like many other fungal taxa, they exhibit their highest diversity in the tropics. The stromata as well as the mycelial cultures of these fungi (the latter of which are frequently being isolated as endophytes of seed plants) have given rise to the discovery of many unprecedented secondary metabolites. Some of those served as lead compounds for development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Recently, the endophytic Xylariales have also come in the focus of biological control, since some of their species show strong antagonistic effects against fungal and other pathogens. New compounds, including volatiles as well as nonvolatiles, are steadily being discovered from these ascomycetes, and polythetic taxonomy now allows for elucidation of the life cycle of the endophytes for the first time. Moreover, recently high-quality genome sequences of some strains have become available, which facilitates phylogenomic studies as well as the elucidation of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) as a starting point for synthetic biotechnology approaches. In this review, we summarize recent findings, focusing on the publications of the past 3 years.
Quantum clocks observe classical and quantum time dilation
Authors: Smith Alexander R. H. , Ahmadi Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the intersection of quantum theory and relativity lies the possibility of a clock experiencing a superposition of proper times. We consider quantum clocks constructed from the internal degrees of relativistic particles that move through curved spacetime. The probability that one clock reads a given proper time conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time is derived. From this conditional probability distribution, it is shown that when the center-of-mass of these clocks move in localized momentum wave packets they observe classical time dilation. We then illustrate a quantum correction to the time dilation observed by a clock moving in a superposition of localized momentum wave packets that has the potential to be observed in experiment. The Helstrom-Holevo lower bound is used to derive a proper time-energy/mass uncertainty relation.
Emergence of orbital angular moment at van Hove singularity in graphene/h-BN moiré superlattice
Authors: Moriya Rai , Kinoshita Kei , Crosse J. A. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Masubuchi Satoru , Moon Pilkyung , Koshino Mikito , Machida Tomoki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBloch electrons lacking inversion symmetry exhibit orbital magnetic moments owing to the rotation around their center of mass; this moment induces a valley splitting in a magnetic field. For the graphene/h-BN moiré superlattice, inversion symmetry is broken by the h-BN. The superlattice potential generates a series of Dirac points (DPs) and van Hove singularities (vHSs) within an experimentally accessible low energy state, providing a platform to study orbital moments with respect to band structure. In this work, theoretical calculations and magnetothermoelectric measurements are combined to reveal the emergence of an orbital magnetic moment at vHSs in graphene/h-BN moiré superlattices. The thermoelectric signal for the vHS at the low energy side of the hole-side secondary DP exhibited significant magnetic field-induced valley splitting with an effective g-factor of approximately 130; splitting for other vHSs was negligible. This was attributed to the emergence of an orbital magnetic moment at the second vHS at the hole-side.
Triboelectric nanogenerator sensors for soft robotics aiming at digital twin applications
Authors: Jin Tao , Sun Zhongda , Li Long , Zhang Quan , Zhu Minglu , Zhang Zixuan , Yuan Guangjie , Chen Tao , Tian Yingzhong , Hou Xuyan , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesigning efficient sensors for soft robotics aiming at human machine interaction remains a challenge. Here, we report a smart soft-robotic gripper system based on triboelectric nanogenerator sensors to capture the continuous motion and tactile information for soft gripper. With the special distributed electrodes, the tactile sensor can perceive the contact position and area of external stimuli. The gear-based length sensor with a stretchable strip allows the continuous detection of elongation via the sequential contact of each tooth. The triboelectric sensory information collected during the operation of soft gripper is further trained by support vector machine algorithm to identify diverse objects with an accuracy of 98.1%. Demonstration of digital twin applications, which show the object identification and duplicate robotic manipulation in virtual environment according to the real-time operation of the soft-robotic gripper system, is successfully created for virtual assembly lines and unmanned warehouse applications.
Synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis by diode-like coordination polymer with twisted and polar copper–dye conjugation
Authors: Shi Yusheng , Zhang Tiexin , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Xu Gang , He Cheng , Duan Chunying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSynergistic photoredox and copper catalysis confers new synthetic possibilities in the pharmaceutical field, but is seriously affected by the consumptive fluorescence quenching of Cu(II). By decorating bulky auxiliaries into a photoreductive triphenylamine-based ligand to twist the conjugation between the triphenylamine-based ligand and the polar Cu(II)–carboxylate node in the coordination polymer, we report a heterogeneous approach to directly confront this inherent problem. The twisted and polar Cu(II)–dye conjunction endows the coordination polymer with diode-like photoelectronic behaviours, which hampers the inter- and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the triphenylamine-moiety to the Cu(II) site and permits reversed-directional ground-state electronic conductivity, rectifying the productive loop circuit for synergising photoredox and copper catalysis in pharmaceutically valuable decarboxylative C(sp3)–heteroatom couplings. The well-retained Cu(II) sites during photoirradiation exhibit unique inner-spheric modulation effects, which endow the couplings with adaptability to different types of nucleophiles and radical precursors under concise reaction conditions, and distinguish the multi-olefinic moieties of biointeresting steride derivatives in their late-stage trifluoromethylation-chloration difunctionalisation.
CTF-based soft touch actuator for playing electronic piano
Authors: Mahato Manmatha , Tabassian Rassoul , Nguyen Van Hiep , Oh Saewoong , Nam Sanghee , Hwang Won-Jun , Oh Il-Kwon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the field of bioinspired soft robotics, to accomplish sophisticated tasks in human fingers, electroactive artificial muscles are under development. However, most existing actuators show a lack of high bending displacement and irregular response characteristics under low input voltages. Here, based on metal free covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), we report an electro-ionic soft actuator that shows high bending deformation under ultralow input voltages that can be implemented as a soft robotic touch finger on fragile displays. The as-synthesized CTFs, derived from a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1), were combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) to make a flexible electrode for a high-performance electro-ionic soft actuator. The proposed soft touch finger showed high peak-to-peak displacement of 17.0 mm under ultralow square voltage of ±0.5 V, with 0.1 Hz frequency and 4 times reduced phase delay in harmonic response compared with that of a pure PEDOT-PSS-based actuator. The significant actuation performance is mainly due to the unique physical and chemical configurations of CTFs electrode with highly porous and electrically conjugated networks. On a fragile display, the developed soft robotic touch finger array was successfully used to perform soft touching, similar to that of a real human finger; device was used to accomplish a precise task, playing electronic piano.
Blue emission at atomically sharp 1D heterojunctions between graphene and h-BN
Authors: Kim Gwangwoo , Ma Kyung Yeol , Park Minsu , Kim Minsu , Jeon Jonghyuk , Song Jinouk , Barrios-Vargas José Eduardo , Sato Yuta , Lin Yung-Chang , Suenaga Kazu , Roche Stephan , Yoo Seunghyup , Sohn Byeong-Hyeok , Jeon Seokwoo , Shin Hyeon Suk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtomically sharp heterojunctions in lateral two-dimensional heterostructures can provide the narrowest one-dimensional functionalities driven by unusual interfacial electronic states. For instance, the highly controlled growth of patchworks of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) would be a potential platform to explore unknown electronic, thermal, spin or optoelectronic property. However, to date, the possible emergence of physical properties and functionalities monitored by the interfaces between metallic graphene and insulating h-BN remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a blue emitting atomic-resolved heterojunction between graphene and h-BN. Such emission is tentatively attributed to localized energy states formed at the disordered boundaries of h-BN and graphene. The weak blue emission at the heterojunctions in simple in-plane heterostructures of h-BN and graphene can be enhanced by increasing the density of the interface in graphene quantum dots array embedded in the h-BN monolayer. This work suggests that the narrowest, atomically resolved heterojunctions of in-plane two-dimensional heterostructures provides a future playground for optoelectronics.
Diastereodivergent chiral aldehyde catalysis for asymmetric 1,6-conjugated addition and Mannich reactions
Authors: Wen Wei , Luo Ming-Jing , Yuan Yi , Liu Jian-Hua , Wu Zhu-Lian , Cai Tian , Wu Zhao-Wei , Ouyang Qin , Guo Qi-Xiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChiral aldehyde catalysis is a burgeoning strategy for the catalytic asymmetric α-functionalization of aminomethyl compounds. However, the reaction types are limited and to date include no examples of stereodivergent catalysis. In this work, we disclose two chiral aldehyde-catalysed diastereodivergent reactions: a 1,6-conjugate addition of amino acids topara-quinone methides and a bio-inspired Mannich reaction of pyridinylmethanamines and imines. Both thesyn- andanti-products of these two reactions can be obtained in moderate to high yields, diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Four potential reaction models produced by DFT calculations are proposed to explain the observed stereoselective control. Our work shows that chiral aldehyde catalysis based on a reversible imine formation principle is applicable for the α-functionalization of both amino acids and aryl methylamines, and holds potential to promote a range of asymmetric transformations diastereoselectively.
A hybrid and scalable brain-inspired robotic platform
Authors: Zou Zhe , Zhao Rong , Wu Yujie , Yang Zheyu , Tian Lei , Wu Shuang , Wang Guanrui , Yu Yongchao , Zhao Qi , Chen Mingwang , Pei Jing , Chen Feng , Zhang Youhui , Song Sen , Zhao Mingguo , Shi Luping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed tremendous progress of intelligent robots brought about by mimicking human intelligence. However, current robots are still far from being able to handle multiple tasks in a dynamic environment as efficiently as humans. To cope with complexity and variability, further progress toward scalability and adaptability are essential for intelligent robots. Here, we report a brain-inspired robotic platform implemented by an unmanned bicycle that exhibits scalability of network scale, quantity and diversity to handle the changing needs of different scenarios. The platform adopts rich coding schemes and a trainable and scalable neural state machine, enabling flexible cooperation of hybrid networks. In addition, an embedded system is developed using a cross-paradigm neuromorphic chip to facilitate the implementation of diverse neural networks in spike or non-spike form. The platform achieved various real-time tasks concurrently in different real-world scenarios, providing a new pathway to enhance robots’ intelligence.
Design of metacontinua in the aeroacoustic spacetime
Authors: Iemma Umberto , Palma Giorgio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of background flows on the response of acoustic metamaterials is a key aspect that prevented the full disclosure of their potential in those applications where an aerodynamic velocity field strongly influences the propagation of acoustic disturbances. Indeed, the classic approaches for metamaterial design do not consider the aeroacoustic interaction, and the resulting metamaterials cannot preserve their response when operating in flows. So far, only few authors have addressed the problem, mostly focusing on understanding the phenomenon or identifying corrective techniques with limited usability in practical applications. The present study proposes a general method for the modification of the mechanical properties of acoustic metacontinua to preserve their response in presence of a background flow. The method is based on the application of spacetime coordinate transformations exploiting the spacetime formal invariance of the generalised d’Alembertian. This methodology applies to the equation governing the propagation of acoustic disturbances in a metamaterial having arbitrary constitutive equations independently on the method used for its original design. The approach is validated through numerical simulations, using as a benchmark the problem of the acoustic cloaking of a cylinder impinged by a perturbation generated by an isotropic point source within a flowing medium. Numerical results are obtained for an asymptotic Mach number $$M_\infty \le 0.35$$

M
∞

≤
0.35

.
Stable distribution of reciprocity motives in a population
Authors: van Baar Jeroen M. , Klaassen Felix H. , Ricci Filippo , Chang Luke J. , Sanfey Alan G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvolutionary models show that human cooperation can arise through direct reciprocity relationships. However, it remains unclear which psychological mechanisms proximally motivate individuals to reciprocate. Recent evidence suggests that the psychological motives for choosing to reciprocate trust differ between individuals, which raises the question whether these differences have a stable distribution in a population or are rather an artifact of the experimental task. Here, we combine data from three independent trust game studies to find that the relative prevalence of different reciprocity motives is highly stable across participant samples. Furthermore, the distribution of motives is relatively unaffected by changes to the salient features of the experimental paradigm. Finally, the motive classification assigned by our computational modeling analysis corresponds to the participants’ own subjective experience of their psychological decision process, and no existing models of social preference can account for the observed individual differences in reciprocity motives. These findings support the view that reciprocal decision-making is not just regulated by individual differences in 'pro-social’ versus ‘pro-self’ tendencies, but also by trait-like differences across several alternative pro-social motives, whose distribution in a population is stable.
La Palma island (Spain) geothermal system revealed by 3D magnetotelluric data inversion
Authors: Di Paolo Federico , Ledo Juanjo , Ślęzak Katarzyna , Martínez van Dorth David , Cabrera-Pérez Iván , Pérez Nemesio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study of geothermal systems is nowadays a topic of great importance because of the huge amount of energy that could be converted in electricity for human consumption from such sources. Among the various geophysical methods employed to study geothermal reservoirs, the magnetotelluric (MT) method is capable to reveal the internal structures of the subsurface and interpret the geological structures from the electrical resistivity. We present the first 3D resistivity model of La Palma (Canary archipelago, Spain) obtained from a dataset of 44 broadband magnetotelluric soundings distributed around the island. Our results highlight the presence of resistivity anomalies, spatially coinciding with density anomalies present in literature. In the north of the island, a high resistivity anomaly can be interpreted as the signature of an old intrusive body beneath the Taburiente caldera. In the south, a complex resistivity structure around the Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge could be indicative of presence of an active geothermal system. In particular, low-resistivity anomalies, located in a high-fractured zone, have values compatible with clay alteration caps (illite and illite–smectite). Such a result suggests the presence of hot rocks, or a dike system, heating fluids in the interior of Cumbre Vieja volcanic system.
Transcriptomic profile of Pea3 family members reveal regulatory codes for axon outgrowth and neuronal connection specificity
Authors: Kandemir Başak , Gulfidan Gizem , Arga Kazim Yalcin , Yilmaz Bayram , Kurnaz Isil Aksan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPEA3 transcription factor subfamily is present in a variety of tissues with branching morphogenesis, and play a particularly significant role in neural circuit formation and specificity. Many target genes in axon guidance and cell–cell adhesion pathways have been identified for Pea3 transcription factor (but not for Erm or Er81); however it was not so far clear whether all Pea3 subfamily members regulate same target genes, or whether there are unique targets for each subfamily member that help explain the exclusivity and specificity of these proteins in neuronal circuit formation. In this study, using transcriptomics and qPCR analyses in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, hypothalamic and hippocampal cell line, we have identified cell type-specific and subfamily member-specific targets for PEA3 transcription factor subfamily. While Pea3 upregulates transcription of Sema3D and represses Sema5B, for example, Erm and Er81 upregulate Sema5A and Er81 regulates Unc5C and Sema4G while repressing EFNB3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We furthermore present a molecular model of how unique sites within the ETS domain of each family member can help recognize specific target motifs. Such cell-context and member-specific combinatorial expression profiles help identify cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication networks and how they establish specific connections.
Carbon isotope evidence for large methane emissions to the Proterozoic atmosphere
Authors: Cadeau Pierre , Jézéquel Didier , Leboulanger Christophe , Fouilland Eric , Le Floc’h Emilie , Chaduteau Carine , Milesi Vincent , Guélard Julia , Sarazin Gérard , Katz Amandine , d’Amore Sophie , Bernard Cécile , Ader Magali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Proterozoic Era records two periods of abundant positive carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), conventionally interpreted as resulting from increased organic carbon burial and leading to Earth’s surface oxygenation. As strong spatial variations in the amplitude and duration of these excursions are uncovered, this interpretation is challenged. Here, by studying the carbon cycle in the Dziani Dzaha Lake, we propose that they could be due to regionally variable methane emissions to the atmosphere. This lake presents carbon isotope signatures deviated by ~  + 12‰ compared to the modern ocean and shares a unique combination of analogies with putative Proterozoic lakes, interior seas or restricted epireic seas. A simple box model of its Carbon cycle demonstrates that its current isotopic signatures are due to high primary productivity, efficiently mineralized by methanogenesis, and to subsequent methane emissions to the atmosphere. By analogy, these results might allow the reinterpretation of some positive CIEs as at least partly due to regionally large methane emissions. This supports the view that methane may have been a major greenhouse gas during the Proterozoic Era, keeping the Earth from major glaciations, especially during periods of positive CIEs, when increased organic carbon burial would have drowned down atmospheric CO2.
Toxicological evaluation of the ultrasonic extract from Dichroae radix in mice and wistar rats
Authors: Wang Ling , Guo Zhiting , Cui Dongan , Ul Haq Shahbaz , Guo Wenzhu , Yang Feng , Zhang Hang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the acute and subchronic toxicity of ultrasonic extract of Dichroae radix (UEDR) in mice and rats. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatogrephy (TLC) were used to detect β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR for quality control. The levels of β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR were 1.46 and 1.53 mg/g, respectively. An oral LD50 of 2.43 g/kg BW was observed in acute toxicity test. After 28-day repeated oral administration, compared with the control group, treatment-related changes in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG), lymphocyte counts and ratios, as well as in the relative organ weights (ROWs) of liver, kidney, lung, and heart, were detected in the middle- and high-dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), no differences were noted in the serum biochemical parameters and necropsy examinations in both sexes at all doses. Histopathological examinations exhibited UEDR-associated signs of toxicity or abnormalities. After 14 days withdrawal, no statistically significant or toxicologically relevant differences were observed in any of the UEDR-treated groups, and the hispathological lesions in the high-dose group were alleviated. Findings showed that long-course and high-dose of UEDR administration was toxic, and showed dose-dependence, the toxic damage was reversible.