bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment delay and reperfusion management of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: analysis of the China STEMI Care Project Phase 1
Authors: Zhang Y , Tian Y , Dong P , Xu Y , Yu B , Li H , Li J , Ge J , Sun Y , Wang J , Wang L , Chen J , Yan H , Chen Y , Han Y , Huo Y ,   the CSCAP-1 Investigators
Published: June 2020

Summary

Background
The China ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Care Project (CSCAP) was launched in 2011 to address the problems of insufficient reperfusion and long treatment delay in STEMI care in China.

Aim
To describe the baseline status of STEMI emergency care in Tertiary PCI Hospitals using Phase 1 (CSCAP-1) data.

Design
CSCAP-1 is a prospective multi-center STEMI registry.

Methods and results
A total of 4191 patients with symptom onset within 12 or 12–36 h requiring primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), were enrolled from 53 tertiary PCI hospitals in 14 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China in CSCAP-1. Among them, 49.0% were self-transported to the hospital, 26.5% were transferred to the hospital by calling the emergency medical services directly, and 24.5% were transferred from other hospitals. In patients with symptom onset within 12 h, 83.2% received primary PCI, 5.9% received thrombolysis and 10.9% received conservative medications. The median door-to-balloon time was 115 (85–170) min and the median door-to-needle time for in-hospital thrombolysis was 80 (50–135) min. The overall in-hospital all-cause mortality was 2.4%, while it was 5.3% in the non-reperfusion group and 2.1% in the reperfusion group (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Although a long treatment delay and a high proportion of patients transporting themselves to the hospital were observed, trends were positive with greater adoption of primary PCI and lower in-hospital mortality in tertiary hospitals in China. Our results provided important information for further integrated STEMI network construction in China.
The Use of Chlorhexidine as a Skin Preparation on the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review of Ocular and Ototoxicity
Authors: Shive Melissa , Hou Zhe , Zachary Christopher , Cohen Joel , Rivers Jason K. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of the most effective surgical preparations, but it has known potential ocular and ototoxicity.

OBJECTIVE
To review reported cases of ocular and ototoxicity caused by chlorhexidine and summarize the clinical situations in which chlorhexidine toxicity occurred.

METHODS
We performed a systematic review of PubMed and the Web of Science.

RESULTS
Fourteen cases reported sensorineural hearing loss from chlorhexidine instilled into the ear. Of the 38 cases of ocular toxicity, 8 cases were caused by direct instillation in the eye and 17 involved periocular surgical preparation. In the remaining cases, the area prepped was less defined. Seven cases involved preparation of the face, 1 for the scalp, 2 cases were drips from distant sites, and 3 cases did not specify the means of exposure.

CONCLUSION
The vast majority of toxicity occurred in patients undergoing general anesthesia and was rarely seen in situations where surgery was performed by dermatologists. Ultimately, it should be up to the individual physician to decide whether chlorhexidine is the best choice for a particular outpatient procedure.
Increased Spinal Cord Stimulator Use and Continued Opioid Treatment Among Injured Workers
Authors: Leung Nina , Tsourmas Nicholas F. , Yuspeh Larry , Kalia Nimisha , Lavin Robert A. , Tao Xuguang (Grant) , Bernacki Edward J. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To determine the rate, characteristics, and costs of Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) placements among claimants at a Texas-based workers’ compensation carrier.

Methods:
Indemnity claims occurring between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 were assessed longitudinally.

Results:
While there was annual variability in rates of SCS placement, the rate of SCS placement increased from 0.21 to 1.56 per 1000 serviced claims. The average total paid claim cost of a trial and permanent placement was $141,288 and $197,813, respectively. Chronic opioid use (more than 3 months) following trial (73.0%) and permanent placement (63.8%) occurred frequently. Time between injury and trial placement decreased (2008 to 2010 = 3.1 years vs 2015 to 2018 = 2.5 years, P < 0.0001) over the study period.

Conclusions:
The rate of SCS placements significantly increased and duration between injury to placement decreased over time. Claimants undergoing SCS placement frequently continued to use opioids, indicating limited success in pain modulation.
Likelihood of myocardial infarction, revascularization and death following catheterization laboratory activation in patients with vs. without both chest pain and ST elevation
Authors: Puleo Peter , Salen Philip , Manda Yugandhar , Vefali Huseng , Agrawal Sahil , Quddus Abdullah , Branch Kevin , Shoemaker Melinda , Stoltzfus Jill 
Published: June 2020

Background
Emergent cardiac catheterization laboratory activation (CCLA) for patients with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is employed to expedite acute revascularization (AR). The incidence of false-positive CCLA, in which AR is not performed, remains high. The combination of chest pain (CP) and electrocardiographic ST elevation (STE) are the hallmarks of STEMI. However, CCLA is sometimes initiated for patients lacking this combination. The study objective was to quantify the difference in likelihood of AR and mortality in patients with vs. without both CP and STE.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 1621 consecutive patients for whom CCLA was initiated in a six-hospital network. We assessed the likelihood of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), presence of a culprit lesion (CL), performance of AR, and hospital mortality among patients with both CP and STE (+CP/+STE) compared with patients lacking one or both [non(CP/STE)].

Results
87.0% of patients presented with CP, 82.4% with STE, and 73.7% with both. Among +CP/+STE patients, AMI was confirmed in 90.4%, a CL in 88.9%, and AR performed in 83.1%. The corresponding values among non(CP/STE) patients were 35.8, 31.9, and 28.1%, respectively (P < 0.0001 for each). Nevertheless, mortality among non(CP/STE) patients was three-fold higher than in +CP/+STE patients (13.3% vs. 4.5%; P < 0.0001), with non-coronary deaths 24-fold more likely.

Conclusion
Patients lacking the combination of CP and STE have a markedly lower likelihood of AMI and AR than +CP/+STE patients, but significantly higher mortality. Protocols aimed at rapid, focused evaluation of non(CP/STE) patients prior to CCLA are needed.
Endoscopic Removal of a Single, Painless, Juvenile Polyp in the Small Intestine Causing Anemia
Authors: Krasaelap Amornluck , Lerner Diana , Southern James , Noe Joshua , Chugh Ankur 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTJuvenile polyps are the most common gastrointestinal polyps in childhood. Typically, they are located in the colon and present with intermittent and painless hematochezia. A few case reports have described juvenile polyps in the small intestine, all presenting as intussusception requiring surgery. We report an isolated juvenile polyp in the small intestine presenting with painless anemia, identified using video capsule endoscopy, and removed via enteroscopy.
The Experiences and the Needs of Caregivers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Aung Su Htet Htet , White Kate , Bloomfield Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

Background
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a devastating disease, and its corresponding treatments can result in substantial functional challenges for patients. These patients require a considerable amount of care, and the tasks of caregiving can be challenging for the caregivers. To date, there is no published literature review on the experiences and the needs of caregivers of patients with HNC.

Objective
To synthesize the literature on the experiences and needs of caregivers of patients with HNC in order to inform the development of an educational intervention for the caregivers.

Methods
An integrative literature review was conducted to examine the current knowledge about the experiences and needs of caregivers of patients with HNC. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The dominant or recurrent themes were identified using thematic synthesis.

Results
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Three central themes were identified. These were the following: disruption to daily life, the impact of caregiving, and the availability of information and support.

Conclusions
Head and neck cancer affects the caregivers’ lives physically, psychosocially, and financially. Caregivers identified the need for informational, financial, and educational support on an ongoing basis in assisting their loved ones with HNC.

Implications for Practice
Ongoing assessment of caregivers’ support needs may contribute to enhancing the care and management of patients with HNC and is essential to promptly identify the concerns of caregivers. Clinicians should view the caregivers as copartners in HNC management and offer adequate support and education programs relevant to their needs.
Ultrasonographic Measurement of Talar Cartilage Thickness in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Aras Berke , Kesikburun Serdar , Yilmaz Volkan , Demirtaş Emine Yeliz Gümüş , Yaşar Evren 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveFoot deformities are one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities affect the walking ability and function of the patients. Talar cartilage is the hyaline joint cartilage of the tibiotalar joint that plantarflexes and dorsiflexes of the ankle. The aim of this study was to determine whether talar cartilage thickness was affected in children with ambulant diplegic CP.DesignForty patients with diplegic CP (19 boys, 21 girls) and 40 age-, sex-, and weight-matched healthy control subjects (20 boys, 20 girls) were included in the study. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, including age, sex, and body mass index, were recorded. Patients were classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. A 12-MHz linear probe was used for ultrasonographic cartilage measurements at the tibiotalar joint according to European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group (EURO-MUSCULUS) and the Ultrasound Study Group in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (USPRM) scanning protocols.ResultsMean talar cartilage thickness was significantly decreased in the CP group compared with the healthy control group (P< 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels and talar cartilage thickness measurements (P< 0.001, Tb = −0.695).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients with CP have a thinner talar cartilage compared with healthy control subjects.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pulmonary Rehabilitation for COVID-19
Authors: Wang Tina J. , Chau Brian , Lui Mickey , Lam Giang-Tuyet , Lin Nancy , Humbert Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This analysis extrapolates information from previous studies and experiences to bring physical medicine and rehabilitation perspective and intervention to the multidisciplinary treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients is to improve symptoms of dyspnea, relieve anxiety, reduce complications, minimize disability, preserve function, and improve quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation during the acute management of COVID-19 should be considered when possible and safe and may include nutrition, airway, posture, clearance technique, oxygen supplementation, breathing exercises, stretching, manual therapy, and physical activity. Given the possibility of long-term disability, outpatient posthospitalization pulmonary rehabilitation may be considered in all patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Association of Arthritis and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Individuals With Hypertension
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Cannon Chase A. , Ji Yuekai , Littman Alyson J. , Hawes Stephen E. 
Published: June 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to assess whether arthritis is associated with lower antihypertensive medication (AHM) use among those with hypertension and whether this relationship differs by age or cardiovascular (CV) comorbidity.

Methods
The data were from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We employed survey weights to account for the complex sampling design and nonresponse bias. We used generalized linear models to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals comparing AHM use among those with severe or mild arthritis to those without arthritis, stratified by age, sex, and CV comorbidity.

Results
Among 173,098 adults with hypertension, 26.0% had severe arthritis and 22.3% had mild arthritis. Compared with those without arthritis, individuals with mild or severe arthritis were older, predominantly female, with lower income and more comorbidities. After adjustment for sex, race, inability to afford medications, and CV comorbidity, the prevalence ratios for AHM use were stronger for younger versus older age groups. Associations did not differ significantly by sex or CV comorbidity. Associations were similar for mild and severe arthritis, compared with no arthritis.

Conclusions
Among individuals with hypertension, those with arthritis had significantly higher prevalences of AHM use compared with those without arthritis. Higher prevalences of AHM use were seen with older age categories, although a stronger association of arthritis and AHM use was found in younger age groups. Future studies on hypertension management in arthritis should examine these relationships more closely.
Topiramate-Associated Movement Disorder: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Rissardo Jamir Pitton , Caprara Ana Letícia Fornari 
Published: June 2020

Background
Topiramate (TPM) is a fructose derivative, which was originally developed as an antiepileptic. In this context, movement disorders (MDs) are possible adverse events secondary to TPM.

Case reports
Two patients (cases 1 and 2) developed myoclonus, and the other 2 had restless leg syndrome (RLS, cases 3 and 4). The mean age of the individuals (3 female patients) was 45.75 ± 21.28 years. All the individuals had a negative family history for movement and psychiatry disorders. Topiramate was started at 25 mg with a gradual increase of 25 mg every week. The mean time of onset and recovery of the MD were 1.37 ± 1.10 and 1.02 ± 0.77 months, respectively. The mean TPM dose was 87.5 ± 47.87 mg. Individual 1 presented with upper and lower limb jerks; individual 2 only with upper limb involvement. Individuals 3 and 4 experienced insomnia and nocturnal leg discomfort during inactivity with an urge to move the legs, which they denied having previously; the RLS symptoms occurred within approximately 1 to 3 hours of TPM evening dose. On neurological examination, no tremor or bradykinesia was observed; deep tendon reflexes, sensory examination, and strength were normal and preserved. Laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and electromyography were within normal. Topiramate was discontinued in all of the subjects. Full recovery was obtained in all cases.

Conclusions
To the authors' knowledge, there are 6 cases of myoclonus, 5 RLS, 2 dystonia, 1 dyskinesia, and 1 periodic limb MD. The best management is probably the discontinuation of TPM, but in RLS patients, the addition of a dopaminergic agonist can be beneficial.
Genotypic and antigenic study of SARS-CoV-2 from an Indian isolate
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Sinha Akhauri Yash , Seethy Ashikh , Matta Sri Anusha , Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Srivastava Trymbak , Singh Sunil , Mukherjee Indrani , Sarkar Sajib , Minocha Rashmi , Purkayastha Kakali , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Paine Suman , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) are one of the largest groups of positive-sense RNA virus families within the Nidovirales order, which are further classified into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Coronaviruses have an extensive range of natural hosts and are known to be responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases in multiple species. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has unleashed a global threat to public health and the economy. Coronaviruses are extensively present in birds and mammals, with horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus affinis), being the reservoir for the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 that seems to have resulted from a zoonotic spillover to the human host, causing respiratory infections, lung injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS). About six coronavirus serotypes are linked with the disease in humans, namely HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh CoV to infect humans. We analyzed the genome sequence of CoV-2 from isolates derived from China as well from India and encountered minute variations in their sequence. A cladogram analysis revealed the predominant strain circulating in India belongs to the A2a clad. We took one such strain (MT012098) and performed a rigorousin-silicogenotypic and antigenic analysis to identify its relatedness to other strains. Further, we also performed a detailed prediction for B and T cell epitopes using BepiPred 2.0 server and NetCTL 1.2 server (DTU Bioinformatics), respectively. We hope this information may assist in an effective vaccine designing program against SARS-CoV-2.
Integrated gut–liver-on-a-chip platform as anin vitrohuman model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yang Jiandong , Hirai Yoshikazu , Iida Kei , Ito Shinji , Trumm Marika , Terada Shiho , Sakai Risako , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Tabata Osamu , Kamei Ken-ichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) afflicts a large percentage of the population, but no effective treatments have been established so far because of the unsuitability ofin vitroassays and experimental models using animals. By co-culturing human gut and liver cell lines interconnected via microfluidics for a closed circulation loop, we created a gut–liver-on-a-chip (iGLC) platform as anin vitrohuman model of the gut–liver axis (GLA) for the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Microscopic high-content analysis followed by mRNA sequencing showed that co-culturing the gut and liver cells significantly affected each cell type compared to culturing them separately. NAFLD-inducing free fatty acids (FFAs) accumulated in the gut cells and elevated gene expressions associated with retinol metabolism and glucuronidation. The FFA-treated liver cells accumulated intracellular lipid droplets and showed an increase in gene expressions associated with a cellular response to copper ions and endoplasmic reticulum stress. As anin vitrohuman GLA model, the iGLC platform may serve as an alternative to animal experiments for investigating NAFLD mechanisms.
Structural and Functional Analyses of Hub MicroRNAs in an Integrated Gene Regulatory Network ofArabidopsis
Authors: Gao Zhaoxu , Li Jun , Li Li , Yang Yanzhi , Li Jian , Fu Chunxiang , Zhu Danmeng , He Hang , Cai Huaqing , Li Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are trans-acting small regulatory RNAs that work coordinately with transcription factors (TFs) to shape the repertoires of cellular mRNA available for translation. Despite our growing knowledge of individual plant miRNAs, their global roles in gene regulatory networks remain mostly unassessed. Based on interactions reanalyzed from public databases and curated from the literature, we reconstructed an integrated miRNA network inArabidopsisthat includes 66 core TFs, 318 miRNAs, and 1712 downstream genes. We found that miRNAs occupy distinct niches and enrich miRNA-containing feed-forward loops (FFLs), particularly those in which the miRNAs are intermediate nodes. Further analyses revealed that miRNA-containing FFLs coordinate TFs located in different hierarchical layers and that intertwined miRNA-containing FFLs are associated with party and date miRNA hubs. Using the date hubMIR858Aas an example, we performed detailed molecular and genetic analyses of three interconnected miRNA-containing FFLs. These analyses revealed individual functions of the selected miRNA-containing FFLs and elucidated how the date hub miRNA fulfills multiple regulatory roles. Collectively, our findings highlighted the prevalence and importance of miRNA-containing FFLs to provide new insights into the design principles and control logic of miRNA regulatory networks governing gene expression programs in plants.
Brain networks subserving functional core processes of emotions identified with componential modelling
Authors: Mohammadi Gelareh , Van De Ville Dimitri , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmotions have powerful effects on the mind, body, and behavior. Although psychology theories emphasized multi-componential characteristics of emotions, little is known about the nature and neural architecture of such components in the brain. We used a multivariate data-driven approach to decompose a wide range of emotions into functional core processes and identify their neural organization. Twenty participants watched 40 emotional clips and rated 119 emotional moments in terms of 32 component features defined by a previously validated componential model. Results show how different emotions emerge from coordinated activity across a set of brain networks coding for component processes associated with valuation appraisal, hedonic experience, novelty, goal-relevance, approach/avoidance tendencies, and social concerns. Our study goes beyond previous research that focused on either categorical or dimensional emotions and highlighting how novel methodology combined with componential modelling may allow emotion neuroscience to move forward and unveil the functional architecture of human affective experiences.
The genetic origin of evolidine, the first cyclopeptide discovered in plants, and related orbitides
Authors: Fisher Mark F. , Payne Colton , Chetty Thaveshini , Crayn Darren , Berkowitz Oliver , Whelan James , Rosengren K. Johan , Mylne Joshua S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCyclic peptides are reported to have antibacterial, antifungal and other bioactivities. Several genera of the Rutaceae family are known to produce orbitides, which are small head-to-tail cyclic peptides composed of proteinogenic amino acids and lacking disulfide bonds.Melicope xanthoxyloidesis an Australian rain forest tree of the Rutaceae family in which evolidine - the first plant cyclic peptide - was discovered. Evolidine (cyclo-SFLPVNL) has subsequently been all but forgotten in the academic literature, but here we use tandem mass spectrometry to rediscover evolidine and usingde novotranscriptomics we show its biosynthetic origin to be from a short precursor just 48 residues in length. In all, sevenM. xanthoxyloidesorbitides were found and they had atypically diverse C-termini consisting of residues not recognized by either of the known proteases plants use to macrocyclize peptides. Two of the novel orbitides were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and although one had definable structure, the other did not. By mining RNA-seq and whole genome sequencing data from other species, it was apparent that a large and diverse family of peptides is encoded by sequences like these across the Rutaceae.