bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra, Ghana: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Okaijah Shadrack , Abaka-Yawson Albert , Tawiah Philip Apraku , Quarshie Solomon Sosu , Osei George Yiadom , Kumi Albert Awuku 
Published: October 2019

Background: The significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) relates to its potential to cause acute pyelonephritis, preterm labour and preterm rupture of the membranes. Additionally, it has been associated with clinical conditions such as anaemia, preterm birth, low birth weight and perinatal mortality.
Aim: This study, therefore, determined the prevalence of ASB among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling method was used to recruit 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) from January – April 2014. Bacteriological, urine chemistry and routine urine analyses, as well as antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from mid-stream urine samples of pregnant women, were carried out using appropriate standard methods. Variables were reported in mean, standard deviation, percentages and bar graph. Chi-square test was used to establish statistical difference and association between variables where p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of the total participants, 23 had asymptomatic bacteriuria but no prevalence of ASB was found among Muslims. The association between marital status and the prevalence of ASB was significant (Pearson chi2 = 4.88, p-value = 0.027). Five bacterial isolates were obtained with Escherichia coli (43.6%) being the most prevalent organism. There were more negative reactions than positive reactions with regards to nitrite and leukocyte esterase determination. Both gram-positive and negative isolates recorded high susceptibility to Gentamicin and Norfloxacin. However, Ciprofloxacin showed a high rate of resistance to only gram-negative isolates whiles Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin showed high resistance to gram-positive isolates.
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 11.5% [95%CI: 7.4% - 16.8%] among the referral pregnant women attending KBTH with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent organism whiles the most susceptible antibiotics were Gentamicin and Norfloxacin.
Hyphomonadaceae
Authors: Abraham Wolf‐Rainer , Rohde Manfred 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHy.pho.mo.na.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.Hyphomonastype genus of the family;‐aceaeending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.HyphomonadaceaetheHyphomonasfamily.Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / HyphomonadaceaeGram‐negative, rod‐shaped bacteria. Motile. Do not form spores. Chemoorganotrophic. Some species require peptone or B vitamins and amino acids. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Some species denitrify. In most species, the major isoprenoid quinone is Q‐10. Most species contain the glycolipids monoglycosyl and monoglucuronosyl diacylglycerols while common phospholipids are phosphatidylglycerols. In addition, many species possess sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols and glucuronopyranosyl diacylglycerol taurine amides. Many species show a reduction of the relative amount of phospholipids in favor of glyco‐ and sulfolipids. Members of the family have been isolated from seawater. The family is a member of the classAlphaproteobacteria, orderRhodobacterales. The family comprises the type genusHyphomonasand the generaAlgimonas,Asprobacter,Fretibacter,Euryhalocaulis,Glycocaulis,Hellea,Henriciella, Hirschia,Hyphobacterium,Litorimonas,Maricaulis,Marinicauda,Oceanicaulis,Ponticaulis,Robiginitomaculum, andWoodsholea.DNA G + C content (mol%): 43.7–66.3.Type genus:Hyphomonas (exPongratz 1957) Moore, Weiner and Gebers 1984, 71VPemend. Weiner, Melick, O'Neill and Quintero 2000, 466 emend. Li, Lai, Li, Sun and Shao 2014b, 427.
D
esulfothermus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

De.sul.fo.ther' mus. N.L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; Gr. masc. adj.
thermos
hot; M.L. masc. n.
Desulfothermus
sulfate reducer living in hot places.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfothermaceae / Desulfothermus

Rod‐shaped to slightly curved cells, 0.6–1.0 µm × 2.5–10 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. May grow as individual cells or as compact clumps depending on the species. Cells tend to stick to hydrophobic surfaces. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph, using fatty acids, simple organic compounds including organic acids and sugars, and alkanes as electron donors and carbons source. These compounds are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate are terminal electron acceptors and reduced to H
2
S. Fermentation of substrates was not observed (one species). The optimal pH range for growth is around 6.5. Moderately thermophilic. The optimal temperature range varies between the species.
D. naphthae
has an optimum between 60 and 65°C, whereas
D. okinawensis
grows optimally at 50°C. The major menaquinones for both species are not known. The major cellular fatty acids are only known for
D. okinawensis
and are C
16:0
and 12MeC
16:0
. The genus currently accommodates two species. Anoxic media containing a reductant (usually sulfide), NaCl, and MgCl
2
are necessary for growth. Vitamins are not required. Occur in geothermally or hydrothermally influenced anoxic marine environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 34.9–37.4 (HPLC, genome).

Type species
:
Desulfothermus naphthae
Kuever, Rainey and Widdel 2006, 2
VP
(Effective publication: Kuever, Rainey and Widdel 2005b, 956).
D
esulfacinum
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

De.sulf.a.ci'num. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; L. neut. n.
acinum
, a berry, especially a grape; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfacinum
, a berry‐shaped, sulfate‐
reducing
bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Syntrophobacteraceae / Desulfacinum

Oval‐shaped rods, 0.8–1.0 µm × 1.0–2.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stains Gram‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strictly anaerobic having a respiratory type of metabolism. Cemorganoheterotrophic and chemolithoautotrophic using H
2
+ CO
2
, formate, C
2
–C
16
straight‐chain fatty acids, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and alcohols as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) as indicated from genome data. For growth on H
2
+ CO
2
and formate, the same pathway in the reverse direction is used for chemolithoautotrophic growth. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Nitrate is not used as a terminal electron acceptor. Fermentative growth on some substrates. Thermophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 60°C. Neutrophilic. Optimal growth pH, 7.0–7.5. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Dependence for growth factors varies between the species. The type species requires vitamins or yeast extract.
Desulfacinum
species occur in geothermally influenced habitats like hot oil fields and hydrothermal vents.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.5–64.0 (
T
m
, LC); 61–62 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfacinum infernum
Rees, Grassia, Sheehy, Dwivedi and Patel 1995, 88
VP
emend. Sievert and Kuever 2000, 1244.
F
onticella
Authors: Fardeau Marie‐laure , Postec Anne , Ollivier Bernard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Fon.ti.cel'la. L. masc. n.
fons
,
fontis
a spring, fountain; L. fem. n.
cella
a storeroom, in biology a cell; N.L. fem. n.
Fonticella
a cell (bacterium) isolated from a spring.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Fonticella

The genus
Fonticella
, at the time of writing, comprised of only one species, for which the name has been validly published.
F. tunisiensis
was isolated from a hot spring in Tunisia, Hammam Bourguiba. The species of the genus is halotolerant (0–4% NaCl (w/v)), moderately thermophilic (55°C), and strictly anaerobic, and presents a fermentative growth on some carbohydrates. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, and anteiso‐C
15:0
. The major polar lipids are phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, aminophosphoglycolipid, and aminophospholipids. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the species as representative of
Clostridiaceae
family.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 37.2 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Fonticella tunisiensis
Fraj, Ben Hania, Postec, Hamdi, Ollivier and Fardeau 2013, 1949
VP
.
T
hermodesulfitimonas
Authors: Slobodkina Galina B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Ther.mo.de.sul.fi.ti.mo'nas. Gr. adj.
thermos
, warm, hot; L. pref.
de
from, off, away; N.L. n.
sulfis ‐itis
sulfite; L. fem. n.
monas
, a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Thermodesulfitimonas
, thermophilic sulfite‐reducing body.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Thermoanaerobacterales / Thermoanaerobacteraceae / Thermodesulfitimonas

Gram‐positive
straight
rods
with rounded ends. Cells are motile due to lateral flagellation. Spores are not produced.
Strictly anaerobic. Thermophilic
.
Neutrophilic. Chemolithoautotrophic.
Growth with molecular hydrogen as electron donor, sodium sulfite or SO
2
gas as electron acceptor, and bicarbonate/CO
2
as a carbon source. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:0
, iso‐C
16:0
, and anteiso‐C
15:0
. Member of the family
Thermoanaerobacteraceae,
class
Clostridia
. The closest relatives are species of the genus
Ammonifex
. The type species
, Thermodesulfitimonas autotrophica
SF97
T
, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring (Kuril Islands, Russia).

DNA G+C content (mol%)
: 55.8 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Thermodesulfitimonas autotrophica
,
Slobodkina, Baslerov, Novikov, Bonch‐Osmolovskaya and Slobodkin
2017, 305
VP
.
M
arinicella
Authors: Romanenko Lyudmila A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Ma.ri.ni.cel'la. L. adj.
marinus
, of the sea; L. fem. n.
cella
, a chamber, and in biology a cell; N.L. fem. n.
Marinicella
, a cell from the sea.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Xanthomonadales / Marinicellaceae / Marinicella

Gram‐negative, aerobic, oxidase‐positive, catalase‐positive, or catalase‐negative, and rod‐shaped nonmotile bacteria. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Not capable of growth photoautotrophically with CO
2
. Sodium ions are essential for growth. Halophilic, slightly alkaliphilic, and mesophilic or psychrotrophic. The predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q‐8. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. Polar lipids include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified lipids. Known habitats are marine environments.
Marinicella
is a genus in the family
Marinicellaceae
, order
Xanthomonadales
, class
Gammaproteobacteria
, and phylum
Proteobacteria
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.8–48.7 (
T
m
, HPLC); 42.4–48.1 (genome sequence analysis).

Type species
:
Marinicella litoralis
Romanenko, Tanaka, Frolova and Mikhailov 2010, 1617
VP
.
L
ongimonas
Authors: Xia Jun , Du Zong‐Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Lon.gi.mo'nas. L. masc. adj.
longus
, long; Gr. fem. n.
monas
, a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Longimonas
, a long monad.

Rhodothermaeota / Rhodothermia / Rhodothermales / Salinibacteraceae / Longimonas

Longimonas
is a genus in the family
Salinibacteraceae
, order
Rhodothermales
, class
Rhodothermia
, and phylum
Rhodothermaeota
. It currently includes two species—
Longimonas halophila
and
Longimonas haloalkaliphila
, which are isolated from marine solar saltern and sediments of hypersaline alkaline lakes, respectively. Colonies of
Longimonas
are circular, flat and spreading, and orange to red in color. Members of the genus are facultatively anaerobic or obligately aerobic and differ in their dependence on high Mg
+
or Cl
−
concentrations for growth.
L. haloalkaliphila
was proposed to represent the extremely halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria specialized in utilization of proteinaceous compounds and with an apparent usage of the “salt‐in” osmoprotection strategy. The major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
18:1
ω7
c
, and iso‐C
16:0
. The major respiratory quinone is MK7. The polar lipid profile of this genus contains phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and an unidentified lipid (L4).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.2–61.5 (HPLC), 60.5 (genome).

Type species
:
Longimonas halophila
Xia, Zhou, Zhao, Chen and Du 2015, 2275
VP
.
O
leibacter
Authors: Teramoto Maki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

O.le.i.bac'ter. L. neut. n.
oleum
, oil; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Oleibacter
, an oil (‐degrading) rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Oceanospirillaceae / Oleibacter

Gram‐negative, motile, mesophilic, and aerobic rods. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Showing high
n
‐alkane‐degrading activity, likely contributing to the predominance of the
Oleibacter
strains as important degraders of petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons spilt in tropical marine environments, while using limited carbon sources (specialized hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the
Oleibacter
strains form a coherent and distinct cluster in a stable lineage containing
Oceanobacter kriegii
IFO 15467
T
(96.4–96.5% similarity in the 16S rRNA gene sequence) and
Thalassolituus oleivorans
MIL‐1
T
. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
16:1
ω7, and C
18:1
ω9; C
12:0
3‐OH and C
10:0
3‐OH are found as hydroxy fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone is Q‐9 (97–99%); Q‐8 (1–3%) is present as the minor quinone. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and a ninhydrin‐positive phospholipid(s). The DNA G + C content is 53.0–53.1 mol%. Members of the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, family
Oceanospirillaceae
. Known habitats are surface seawater in tropical environments and surface and mesopelagic seawater in temperate environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53.0–53.1.

Type species
:
Oleibacter marinus
Teramoto, Ohuchi, Hatmanti, Darmayati, Widyastuti, Harayama et al. 2011, 378
VP
.
All‐Printed Flexible and Stretchable Electronics with Pressing or Freezing Activatable Liquid‐Metal–Silicone Inks
Authors: Zhou Lu‐yu , Fu Jian‐zhong , Gao Qing , Zhao Peng , He Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLiquid‐metal (LM)‐based flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted widespread interest in wearable computing, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics. However, many current examples are one‐off prototypes, whereas future implementation requires mass production. To address this critical challenge, an integrated multimaterial 3D printing process composed of direct ink writing (DIW) of sealing silicone elastomer and special LM‐silicone (LMS) inks for manufacturing high‐performance LM‐based flexible and stretchable electronics is presented. The LMS ink is a concentrated mixture of LM microdroplets and silicone elastomer and exhibits excellent printability for DIW printing. Guided by a verified theoretical model, a printing process with high resolution and high speed can be easily implemented. Although LMS is not initially conductive, it can be activated by pressing or freezing. Activated LMS possesses good conductivity and significant electrical response to strain. Owing to LMS's unique structure, LMS‐embedded flexible electronics exhibit great damage mitigation, in that no leaking occurs even when damaged. To demonstrate the flexibility of this process in fabricating LM‐based flexible electronics, multilayer soft circuits, strain sensors, and data gloves are printed and investigated. Notably, utilizing LMS's unique activating property, some functional circuits such as one‐time pressing/freezing‐on switch can be printed without any structural design.
Metasurface‐Empowered Optical Multiplexing and Multifunction
Authors: Chen Shuqi , Liu Wenwei , Li Zhancheng , Cheng Hua , Tian Jianguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces are planar photonic elements composed of subwavelength nanostructures, which can deeply interact with light and exploit new degrees of freedom (DOF) to manipulate optical fields. In the past decade, metasurfaces have drawn great interest from the scientific community due to their profound potential to arbitrarily control light. Here, recent developments of multiplexing and multifunctional metasurfaces, which enable concurrent tasks through a dramatic compact design, are reviewed. The fundamental properties, design strategies, and applications of multiplexing and multifunctional metasurfaces are then discussed. First, recent progress on angular momentum multiplexing, including its behavior under different incident conditions, is considered. Second, a detailed overview of polarization‐controlled, wavelength‐selective, angle‐selective, and reconfigurable multiplexing/multifunctional metasurfaces is provided. Then, the integrated and on‐chip design of multifunctional metasurfaces is addressed. Finally, future directions and potential applications are presented.
Are Cu2Te‐Based Compounds Excellent Thermoelectric Materials?
Authors: Zhao Kunpeng , Liu Ke , Yue Zhongmou , Wang Yancheng , Song Qingfeng , Li Jian , Guan Mengjia , Xu Qing , Qiu Pengfei , Zhu Hong , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost of the state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric (TE) materials exhibit high crystal symmetry, multiple valleys near the Fermi level, heavy constituent elements with small electronegativity differences, or complex crystal structure. Typically, such general features have been well observed in those well‐known TE materials such as Bi2X3‐, SnX‐, and PbX‐based compounds (X = S, Se, and Te). The performance is usually high in the materials with heavy constituent elements such as Te and Se, but it is low for light constituent elements such as S. However, there is a great abnormality in Cu2X‐based compounds in which Cu2Te has much lower TE figure of merit (zT) than Cu2S and Cu2Se. It is demonstrated that the Cu2Te‐based compounds are also excellent TE materials if Cu deficiency is sufficiently suppressed. By introducing Ag2Te into Cu2Te, the carrier concentration is substantially reduced to significantly improve the zT with a record‐high value of 1.8, 323% improvement over Cu2Te and outperforms any other Cu2Te‐based materials. The single parabolic band model is used to further prove that all Cu2X‐based compounds are excellent TE materials. Such finding makes Cu2X‐based compounds the only type of material composed of three sequent main group elements that all possess very high zT  s above 1.5.
Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors and Machine Learning for Speech Processing
Authors: Jung Young Hoon , Hong Seong Kwang , Wang Hee Seung , Han Jae Hyun , Pham Trung Xuan , Park Hyunsin , Kim Junyeong , Kang Sunghun , Yoo Chang D. , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlexible piezoelectric acoustic sensors have been developed to generate multiple sound signals with high sensitivity, shifting the paradigm of future voice technologies. Speech recognition based on advanced acoustic sensors and optimized machine learning software will play an innovative interface for artificial intelligence (AI) services. Collaboration and novel approaches between both smart sensors and speech algorithms should be attempted to realize a hyperconnected society, which can offer personalized services such as biometric authentication, AI secretaries, and home appliances. Here, representative developments in speech recognition are reviewed in terms of flexible piezoelectric materials, self‐powered sensors, machine learning algorithms, and speaker recognition.
Glycogen as a Building Block for Advanced Biological Materials
Authors: Besford Quinn A. , Cavalieri Francesca , Caruso Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiological nanoparticles found in living systems possess distinct molecular architectures and diverse functions. Glycogen is a unique biological polysaccharide nanoparticle fabricated by nature through a bottom‐up approach. The biocatalytic synthesis of glycogen has evolved over time to form a nanometer‐sized dendrimer‐like structure (20–150 nm) with a highly branched surface and a dense core. This makes glycogen markedly different from other natural linear or branched polysaccharides and particularly attractive as a platform for biomedical applications. Glycogen is inherently biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be functionalized with diverse surface and internal motifs for enhanced biofunctional properties. Recently, there has been growing interest in glycogen as a natural alternative to synthetic polymers and nanoparticles in a range of applications. Herein, the recent literature on glycogen in the material‐based sciences, including its use as a constituent in biodegradable hydrogels and fibers, drug delivery vectors, tumor targeting and penetrating nanoparticles, immunomodulators, vaccine adjuvants, and contrast agents, is reviewed. The various methods of chemical functionalization and physical assembly of glycogen nanoparticles into multicomponent nanodevices, which advance glycogen toward a functional therapeutic nanoparticle from nature and back again, are discussed in detail.
Atomically Dispersed Binary Co‐Ni Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanocubes for Reversible Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Ling Xiaofei , Yu Deshuang , Xie Dengyu , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie , Zhong Cheng , Zhao Naiqin , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the inspiration of developing bifunctional electrode materials for reversible oxygen electrocatalysis, one strategy of heteroatom doping is proposed to fabricate dual metal single‐atom catalysts. However, the identification and mechanism functions of polynary single‐atom structures remain elusive. Atomically dispersed binary Co‐Ni sites embedded in N‐doped hollow carbon nanocubes (denoted as CoNi‐SAs/NC) are synthesized via proposed pyrolysis of dopamine‐coated metal‐organic frameworks. The atomically isolated bimetallic configuration in CoNi‐SAs/NC is identified by combining microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. When employing as oxygen electrocatalysts in alkaline medium, the resultant CoNi‐SAs/NC hybrid manifests outstanding catalytic performance for bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution reactions, boosting the realistic rechargeable zinc–air batteries with high efficiency, low overpotential, and robust reversibility, superior to other counterparts and state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal catalysts. Theoretical computations based on density functional theory demonstrate that the homogenously dispersed single atoms and the synergistic effect of neighboring Co‐Ni dual metal center can optimize the adsorption/desorption features and decrease the overall reaction barriers, eventually promoting the reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. This work not only sheds light on the controlled synthesis of atomically isolated advanced materials, but also provides deeper understanding on the structure–performance relationships of nanocatalysts with multiple active sites for various catalytic applications.