bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF ANTEGRADE AND ANTEGRADE/RETROGRADE CARDIOPLEGIA ON THE OUTCOME OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY FOR SEVERE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Zamir Ali Gohar , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Siddiqeh Musfireh , Pervaiz Farrah , Shah Noor , Iqbal Muhammad Afsheen , Ashfaq Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the early outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery using a combination of antegrade and retrograde cardipoplegia with that utilizing antegrade cardioplegia alone in triple vessel coronary artery disease.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2013 to Apr 2019.
Methodology: A total of 160 patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease who underwent CABG surgery for 90% or greater stenos is in at least one major vessel in each of the three territories, namely the left anterior descending, the circumflex and the right coronary artery were investigated retrospectively. These were divided into 2 equal groups on the basis of the technique of administration of cardioplegia: in group-1 only ante grade blood cardioplegia was administered for myocardial protection and group-2 was given ante grade and retrograde cardiolplegia. Clinical outcomes like peri-operative mortality and morbidity were recorded, and serum creatine kinase MB, lactate, and mixed venous oxygen saturation levels were monitored. Two dimensional echocardiogram was performed on the 6th post-operative day and follow-up visits were planned 1 week and 4 weeksafter discharge from hospital.
Results: There were 2 (2.5%) early deaths in group-1 and no peri-operative mortality in group-2. Five patients in group-1 (6.25%) and 2 (2.5%) in group-2 had non-fatal peri-operative myocardial infarction. However, significant differences included increased incidence of intra-operative ventricular dysrythmias, higher CK-MB levels at 24 hours after surgery, and increased requirement of intra-aortic balloon pump and inotropic support in Group-1.
Conclusion: We conclude from this study that the combined delivery of ante grade and retrograde cardioplegia during CABG surgery for triple vessel coronary artery disease provides better myocardial protection and hence better outcome than antegrade cardioplegia alone.Keywords: , , ,
BEATING HEART MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT. EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Siddiqeh Musfireh , Khan Imran , Fayaz Fakher -e- , Janjua Asif , Zamir Ali Gohar , Mushtaq Afifa 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study the early outcomes of mitral valve surgery performed with a beating heart and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Study Design: Prospective descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Cardiac Surgery department, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2017 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: Consecutive patients requiring mitral valve surgery were included in the study. Those requiring multiple procedures, redo procedures and emergency procedures were excluded from the study. Data was collected on preformed proformas and perioperative variables were recorded. Patients were followed till discharge or 30 days after the surgery. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 was used to analyse the data.
Results: A total of 27 patients were included in the study, 21 (77.78%) female and 6 (22.2%) male patients. The mean age of the patients was 30.89 ± 10.8 years. Of the cohort, 4 (14.8%) had mitral stenosis, 16 (59.3%) had mitral regurgitation and mixed disease (both mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation) was present in 7 (25.9%). The median pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 34 mmHg. All the patients received mechanical mitral valve prosthesis, 27 (100%). A modified Devaga’s procedure for tricuspid valve repair was done in 4 (14.8%) patients. Most of the patients required only mild inotropic support, 22 (81.4%). Median intensive care unit stay was 24 hours with a mean of 33 ± 16 hours. All the patients were alive at the end of the early follow up.
Conclusion: Beating heart mitral valve surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass is a feasible technique. It has acceptable early outcome in terms of mortality and major morbidity indicators.
COMPARISON OF CARDIAC TROPONIN-I LEVELS IN POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF ON PUMP VERSUS OFF PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Waseem Muhammad , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Khadim Shakila , Amin Mashood Shahid , Ashfaq Muhammad , Mustafa Anum 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare cardiac troponin-I levels in post-operative period of on-pump (ONCAB) versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
Study Design: Prospective Observational Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was done at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Eighty six (43 in each on-pump and off-pump) patients admitted for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, aged 30-80 years were included in the study. Baseline data and cardiac troponin-I levels preoperatively as well as at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the surgery in both groups were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Out of 100 patients, mean age of the patients was 57.59 ± 10.24 years and 85% were males. All the base line characteristics, comorbid conditions and intra-operative findings were identical in both groups. There was marked rise in CK-MB levels postoperatively in overall participants. There was significant rise in Troponin I levels postoperatively in overall participants. Compared to OPCAB, postoperative Troponin I at 6hours and 12-hours was significantly higher in ONCAB.
Conclusion: Compared to OPCAB, postoperative Troponin I at 6 hours and 12-hours was significantly high in ONCAB. However, there was no gross discrepancy in postoperative Troponin I levels between OPCAB and ONCAB at 18- & 24-hours after surgery.
COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH STREPTOKINASE IN ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) ON LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AFTER 3 MONTHS
Authors: Abbas Saleha , Siddiqui Abdul Hameed , Cheema Ammar , Abbas Ayesha , Khan Sadaf , Janjua Anum Fatima , Tuyyab Farhan 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the left ventricular function three months after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention versus Streptokinase in ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Cardiac Catheterization Lab, in-patients and out patients departments of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi from Jun 2018 to Jun 2019.
Methodology: Patients included in the study were with first acute MI treated with primary PCI/SK, having systolic blood pressure >90 mmhg, pre-infarction EF >40% and with no previous history of coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty. All patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention/Streptokinase injection were assessed for left ventricular function at day one by transthoracic echocardiography and then three months later by transthoracic echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography was being performed immediately after primary percutaneous coronary intervention on day one and at three months follow-up.
Results: There were 80 patients recruited in the study. Mean age of the patients was 55.5 ± 11.6 years with range 36-81 years. Sixty nine (86.3%) patients were male while 11 (13.48%) were female patients. Most common comorbid was smoking 37 (46.3%) followed by diabetes mellitus 25 (31.3%). Most common culprit artery was left anterior descending 38 (47.5%) followed by left circumflex 15 (18.8%) and then right coronary artery 14 (17.5%). Independent sample t-test was applied to find out the statistical significance between two groups (Streptokinase group vs PPCI group). Ejection fraction of the patients was checked at the time of discharge and after three months follow-up and result showed the statistical significance with p-value <0.05.
Conclusion: Based on this comparative analysis of improvement of left ventricular function between streptokinase and primary percutaneous coronary intervention, we concluded that after three months satisfactory ejection fraction is seen in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention as compared to patients treated with streptokinase.
VALIDATION OF MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2 MAX) WITH SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEON (STS) RISK SCORE IN PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) SURGERY: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Chaudhry Imtiaz Ahmad , Pervaiz Farrah , Ahmed Kaleem , Naseer Mehwish , Siddiqa Aysha , Khalil Hafsa , Iqbal Muhammad Afsheen 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To validate VO2 max testing with society of thoracic surgeon (STS) score in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Study Design: This was a single center and observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi
Methodology: Forty four adult patients undergoing elective on pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery with an EF of >45% were included in this study as per inclusion criteria through non probability consecutive sampling. Five patients were lost to follow up. In 39 patients preoperative society of thoracic surgeons scoring was done and VO2 max of these patients was calculated. After coronary artery bypass graft surgery these patients were followed for mortality and morbidity. The discriminative capacity of VO2 max was compared with the STS risk scoring system using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC-curves).
Results: We analyzed the data of 39 patients male 35 (89.7%), female 4 (10.3%). Mean age of our study population was 55.0 ± 10.2 years and a mean BMI of 26.8 ± 3.81. There were 20 (54.1%) hypertensives, 2 (5.4%) diabetics and 5 (13.5%) smokers. There was only one patient with a history of previous myocardial infarction. Majority of the patients belonged to NYHA class II 30 (76.9%) with a mean EF of 56.6 ± 5.17. Prolonged Ventilation (>24 hrs) was significantly associated with lesser values of VO2 max with a p-value of 0.01. Similarly, post-operative mortality and prolonged hospital stay in the low VO2 max groups correlated with the trends predicted by the society of thoracic surgeons scoring system.
Conclusion: We conclude from this study that low preoperative VO2 max levels correlated well with STS scoring system for predicting mortality, ventilation time and length of hospital stay.
Apoyo a niños de aprendizaje regular en destrezas básicas
Authors: Marchant Orrego Teresa , Recart Herrera Isidora 
Published: January 2021

En educación básica existe la necesidad de trabajar en dominar destrezas tales como desarrollo cognitivo, lectura y escritura. Fundación Educacional Arauco, una institución privada que lleva 15 años realizando programas de perfeccionamiento docente a profesores de escuelas básicas municipalizadas de la VII y VIII Regiones del país, describe una modalidad de trabajo para apoyar a alumnos de rendimiento regular (alumnos con logros apenas suficientes en una destreza, es decir una categoría bajo lo esperado para su nivel). Se trata de focalizar esfuerzos en estos niños, en una destreza específica, durante ciertos períodos de tiempo, a fin de acercar sus niveles de aprendizaje a lo esperado, sin descuidar el trabajo con los otros alumnos del curso. El foco está en entregar metodologías, contenidos y materiales a los profesores para trabajar con el curso completo, agrupado en 2 ó 3 niveles, y hacer un monitoreo cercano a su práctica docente mediante un trabajo conjunto especialista-profesor al interior de la sala de clases.
En este artículo se describe como se trabaja esta estrategia en general, se detalla como se implemento en el área de la lectura en 18 escuelas básicas de una comuna en la VIII Región durante los años 2000 a 2003, y se presentan algunos resultados obtenidos. Se pudo constatar que hubo un progreso estadísticamente significativo, en ambos grupos de alumnos, tanto en calidad como en velocidad de lectura oral después de la aplicación de la estrategia.
VOZES DA PRISÃO
Authors: Moreira Maria Carmem Schettino , Brito Robson Figueiredo 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é fruto do projeto (A)penas Humanos: ações interdisciplinares no âmbito da APAC, do Programa de Extensão (PROEX) da PUC Minas. A iniciativa coletiva envolve professores universitários e alunos extensionistas dos cursos de Psicologia e Filosofia do Programa de Extensão, bem como recuperandos da APAC de Santa Luzia. Nossa proposta é apresentar os sentidos e significados da escuta dos extensionistas, sob supervisão docente, em relação ao dizer dos recuperandos desse grupo quando em interação com os membros da Universidade, no diálogo a respeito do cotidiano do cumprimento de penas alternativas no sistema proposta pela Associação. Ancoramo-nos teórica e metodologicamente no tripé conceitual de Dialogia, Linguagem e Polifonia com vistas a depreender nesses modos de dizer, sempre em contexto interativo, sinais reveladores de (pré)conceitos e valores, que podem revelar intolerância, provenientes de vozes sociais que atravessam o discurso dos sujeitos envolvidos neste trabalho coletivo e cooperativo entre os campos discursivos da Universidade e a APAC, que se entretecem, e também da Psicologia Social.
O POSITIVISMO JURÍDICO DE HANS KELSEN
Authors: Prazak Maurício Avila , Soares Marcelo Negri , Silva Ueslen da 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como por objetivo a análise do Positivismo Jurídico de Hans Kelsen e a sua Teoria do Direito. Para dar início a essa análise, começaremos disorrendo sobre a estrutura hierárquica da Constituição como norma fundamental, seguindo no tópico abaixo onde entraremos no assunto do positivismo e depois passaremos a analisar sua validade e a eficácia. Hans Kelsen também foi muito criticado por juristas em todo mundo, tendo em vista uma vez que a sua obra Teoria Pura do Direito não estaria isenta de ideologias e sua formalidade. Para melhor entendimento dos tópicos explanados, passaremos a abordar os elementos do fato jurídico e interpretação o ato jurídico e por fim, e não menos importante vamos entender o sistema normativo através da pirâmide de Hans Kelsen, que por sinal é bastante visado na graduação. Este artigo utiliza-se do método hipotético dedutivo, em análise doutrinária, legal e jurisprudencial, a fim de resolver as indagações previstas nesta pesquisa.
A new clustering method identifies multiple sclerosis‐specific T‐cell receptors
Authors: Hayashi Fumie , Isobe Noriko , Glanville Jacob , Matsushita Takuya , Maimaitijiang Guzailiayi , Fukumoto Shoko , Watanabe Mitsuru , Masaki Katsuhisa , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize T‐cell receptors (TCRs) and identify target epitopes in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 39 MS patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs). TCR repertoires for α/β/δ/γ chains, TCR diversity, and V/J usage were determined by next‐generation sequencing. TCR β chain repertoires were compared with affectation status using a novel clustering method, Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots (GLIPH). Cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐IgG was measured in an additional 113 MS patients and 93 HCs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsTCR diversity for all four chains decreased with age. TCRα and TCRβ diversity was higher in MS patients (P = 0.0015 and 0.024, respectively), even after age correction. TRAJ56 and TRBV4‐3 were more prevalent in MS patients than in HCs (pcorr = 0.027 and 0.040, respectively). GLIPH consolidated 208,674 TCR clones from MS patients into 1,294 clusters, among which two candidate clusters were identified. The TRBV4‐3 cluster was shared by HLA‐DRB1*04:05‐positive patients (87.5%) and predicted to recognize CMV peptides (CMV‐TCR). MS Severity Score (MSSS) was lower in patients with CMV‐TCR than in those without (P = 0.037). CMV‐IgG‐positivity was associated with lower MSSS in HLA‐DRB1*04:05 carriers (P = 0.0053). HLA‐DRB1*04:05‐positive individuals demonstrated higher CMV‐IgG titers than HLA‐DRB1*04:05‐negative individuals (P = 0.017). CMV‐IgG‐positive patients had more Tregs than CMV‐IgG‐negative patients (P = 0.054).InterpretationHigh TCRα/TCRβ diversity, regardless of age, is characteristic of MS. Association of a CMV‐recognizing TCR with mild disability indicates CMV’s protective role in HLA‐DRB1*04:05‐positive MS.
The role of fine excipient particles in adhesive mixtures for inhalation
Authors: Tamadondar Mohammad R. , Salehi Kian , Abrahamsson Per , Rasmuson Anders 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that adding fines improve the drug dispersion performance during inhalation, the scarcity of mechanistic insight into the formulation process, independent of the aerosolization, has kept the dispute on the underlying improvement mechanism open. We therefore simulate ternary formulations (carrier, drug, fines) in a vibrational cell to explore the mixing mechanism and the effect of particle size and loading ratio of fines on formulation performance. Results suggest that the buffer theory is a critical contributory mechanism since it curtails the carrier's collision rate and, therefore, decreases agglomerate breakage. Consequently, relatively larger drug aggregates are formed over the carrier, which eventually experiences greater detachment forces. A simple dispersion test is performed to evaluate drug detachment rate at wall‐collision. An excess of cohesive fines, or using larger fines, diminishes the rotational kinetic energy of coarse particles by lumping them together. This reduces drug agglomerate breakage and leads to poor mixing.
Phase transformation and dielectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride/organic‐montmorillonite nanocomposites fabricated under elongational flow field
Authors: Tong Yizhang , Huang Qilong , He Guangjian , Cao Xianwu , Yang Zhitao , Yin Xiaochun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompounding montmorillonite (MMT) with polymorphic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by melt intercalation method can induce the crystal phase transformation of PVDF, which is of great significance to obtain the electroactive PVDF. In this research, PVDF/Organic‐Montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by a novel vane mixer, which was dominated by the elongational flow field in the whole plasticizing. The dispersion of OMMT, the crystal phase transformation of PVDF, and the resulting properties of nanocomposites were experimentally studied. The results of TEM and WAXD evidenced that homogeneous dispersion and desirable intercalation structure of OMMT were formed in the PVDF matrix under the effect of the elongational flow field. WAXD, FTIR, and DSC tests demonstrated that large amounts of β‐phase of PVDF was formed due to the introduction of OMMT. The intercalation structure of OMMT and the crystal transformation of PVDF increased the dielectric constant and piezoelectric properties of nanocomposites, while the dielectric loss still maintained at a very low level. Finally, the effect of unique ''double‐layer peeling'' mechanism of OMMT on the properties of nanocomposites was discussed.
Temperature regulation as a tool to program synthetic microbial community composition
Authors: Krieger Adam G. , Zhang Jiahao , Lin Xiaoxia N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEngineering of synthetic microbial communities is emerging as a powerful new paradigm for performing various industrially, medically, and environmentally important processes. To reach the fullest potential, however, this approach requires further development in many aspects, a key one being regulating the community composition. Here we leverage well‐established mechanisms in ecology which govern the relative abundance of multispecies ecosystems and develop a new tool for programming the composition of synthetic microbial communities. Using a simple model system consisting of two microorganisms Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, which occupy different but partially overlapping thermal niches, we demonstrated that temperature regulation could be used to enable coexistence and program the community composition. We first investigated a constant temperature regime and showed that different temperatures led to different community compositions. Next, we invented a new cycling temperature regime and showed that it can dynamically tune the microbial community, achieving a wide range of compositions depending on parameters that are readily manipulatable. Our work provides conclusive proof of concept that temperature regulation is a versatile and powerful tool capable of programming compositions of synthetic microbial communities.
Integrated thinking and sustainability reporting assurance: International evidence
Authors: Baboukardos Diogenis , Mangena Musa , Ishola Abdullahi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been increasing demand by stakeholders for firms to demonstrate how they create value within the context of their operating environment. Consequently, a new reporting approach, integrated reporting (IR), was conceptualised with its development linked to the firm's integrated thinking (IT). Yet very little is known about the effects of IT on firms' reporting decisions. Hence, we investigate whether IT influences firms' decision to publish an assured sustainability report. Using an international dataset, we find that IT is positively associated with sustainability reporting assurance. We also find that this association is moderated by the type of legal system such that for firms in code law countries, the IT effects are reduced. Nevertheless, the effects of IT remain strong, indicating that IT is important for reporting decisions regardless of the firm's contextual setting. These findings have implications for policymakers and organisations interested in promoting high‐quality sustainability reporting.
Optimizing anthocyanins extraction and the effect of cold plasma treatment on the anti‐aging potential of purple glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract
Authors: Poomanee Worrapan , Wattananapakasem Isara , Panjan Wasinee , Kiattisin Kanokwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe pericarp of color rice is a rich source of anthocyanins conferring several health benefits. The present study aimed to systemically optimize anthocyanins extraction from Thai purple glutinous rice and to elucidate the effect of cold plasma on the anti‐aging effect of the extract.FindingsAntioxidant effects and phytochemical constituents of the extracts from three Thai purple glutinous rice varieties including Doi Saket, Phayao, and Luem Pua were elucidated. Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (CNG) was a major compound in all varieties. Besides, Luem Pua rice extract presented the strongest antioxidation owing to its highest total phenolic and CNG contents. The optimized method for extracting CNG, which was proceeded by 2‐level full factorial design, used deionized (DI) water with pH 2.0 and temperature 150°C. Moreover, the cold plasma‐treated Luem Pua rice offered a five‐fold higher amount of CNG compared to the untreated sample with a significantly stronger anti‐aging potential.ConclusionsOur study provided the optimized method for CNG extraction from purple rice. Additionally, cold plasma potentially enhanced the anti‐aging property of the extract.Significance and noveltyThe contributions of the extracting factors on antioxidation and anthocyanins content were statistically elucidated, and the novel performance of cold plasma on biological properties of the plant materials was demonstrated.