bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct intervention and pancreaticogastrostomy using a novel cross-platform technique with small-caliber devices
Authors: Hayat Umar , Freeman Martin L. , Trikudanathan Guru , Azeem Nabeel , Amateau Stuart K. , Mallery James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) has been used as an alternative to surgery to drain pancreatic ducts for treatment of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS). Previous techniques involved using needle-knife cautery, bougie dilation or a stent extraction screw to allow stent passage through the gastric wall and pancreatic parenchyma, with potential for severe complications including duct leak, especially if drainage fails. A novel technique employing EUS guided puncture of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) with a 19- or a 22-gauge needle, passage of an 0.018-guidewire, dilation of the tract with a small-diameter (4 F) angioplasty balloon and placement of 3F plastic stents with the pigtail curled inside the duct as an anchor.
Methods This is a retrospective case series at a single tertiary center. EUS-guided PG was considered when conventional endoscopic pancreatic duct drainage failed. Main outcomes included technical and clinic success and complications.
Results Eight patients underwent PG. Indications were DPDS (n = 4), stenotic pancreaticoenteral anastomosis after Whipple procedure (n = 3) and chronic pancreatitis with dilated MPD (n = 1). Median MPD diameter was 6.75 mm [IQR 2.8 – 7.6]. Technical success was achieved in seven of eight cases (88 %); angioplasty balloon passed into the pancreatic duct in all accessed ducts. There was one asymptomatic duct leak, and no major or delayed complications, with clinical improvement (complete or partial) in five of eight (71 %).
Conclusions EUS-guided PG using a small-caliber guidewire, 4F angioplasty balloon, and reverse 3F single pigtail stents offers a safe and atraumatic alternative without use of cautery.
Narkoseführung bei Elektrochemotherapie
Authors: Volberg Christian , Gschnell Martin 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Elektrochemotherapie (ECT) ist ein Verfahren zur Symptomkontrolle bei inoperablen oder exulcerierenden Hautmetastasen oder -karzinomen. Mit Hilfe der Elektroporation wird eine Wirkverstärkung des verabreichten Chemotherapeutikum, Bleomycin oder Cisplatin, erreicht und eine lokale Reduktion der Metastasen, bei gleichzeitig geringer systemischer Belastung, hervorgerufen. Man kann die ECT in Lokal-, Regional- oder Allgemeinanästhesie durchführen, wobei sich die Form der Anästhesie nach der Anzahl und Ausdehnung der Metastasen, sowie der betroffenen Körperstelle richtet. Bei der Allgemeinanästhesie sind einige Besonderheiten zu beachten. Um einer Lungenschädigung durch Bleomycin vorzubeugen, muss der Patient mit einem geringen FiO2 (< 0,3), oder am besten mit Raumluft, beatmet werden. Zur Vermeidung von Medikamenteninteraktionen und postoperativen Schmerzen wird die Allgemeinanästhesie als TIVA in tiefer Relaxierung durchgeführt. Das Anästhesieteam sollte Kenntnis über die notwendigen Vorsichtsmaßnahmen bei Applikation von Chemotherapeutika haben und Kontraindikationen für die Durchführung einer Narkose bei ECT bereits im Vorfeld erkennen.
Anatomical variants of profunda femoris artery : among cadavers from South India
Authors: KV Vinay , AY Raghavendra ,   Vishal K,   Shishir K
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The profunda femoris artery (PFA) is a branch of femoral artery which plays an important role in the arterial supply of the thigh. An extensive knowledge of the branching pattern and relations are necessary for clinicians to prevent any iatrogenic damage to these blood vessels and the surrounding structures in vascular reconstructive surgeries. Objective: To study the direction of origin of PFA from femoral artery and measure DIP- the distance between the origin of PFA from femoral artery to midpoint of inguinal ligament. Materials and Methods: Forty six femoral triangles (23 on right & 23 on left side) were dissected and studied in embalmed cadavers available in dissection hall of K. S.	Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India over a period of two years from July 2011 to July 2013. These cadavers were of South Indian origin. The direction of origin of PFA from femoral artery was noted. The DIP was measured using Vernier caliper. Results: The direction of origin of the PFA in majority of the cases was found to be from the posterolateral side (65.22%) of femoral artery. The DIP varies from 25 to 50 mm on the right and 24 to 60 mm on the left side. In 50 % of the cases, the DIP was in the range of 41 to 50 mm on both the sides. Conclusion: The anatomical data obtained here is of importance for surgeons and radiologists for procedures centred on the PFA and in vascular reconstructive surgeries involving the groin.
Limb body wall complex - report of an unusual case
Authors: Rao Vuba Rama , Revathi P , Priya Vuba Sujana , Karuna V , Gupta Anirban Das , Swetha V , Ramurthy N 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLimb body wall complex is an extremely rare birth defect and a foetal polymalformative syndrome. A case of Gravida-2, Para-0, Abortion-1 with 20 weeks of pregnancy who attended the antenatal clinic in the month of may 2012, at Konaseema Institiute of Medical Sciences and Research foundation (KIMS&RF), Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, underwent routine anomaly scan which showed a polymalformative fetus. The pregnancy was terminated. The physical examination findings of the aborted fetus were suggestive of limb body wall complex (LBWC).
Third head of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Authors: Sabnis Anjali Satyen , Shaikh Shaguphta T , More Rakhi Milind 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring routine dissection in the neck region, a third head of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle was found unilaterally in one cadaver and bilaterally in another cadaver. In both the cases third head was supplied by the spinal accessory nerve. SCM is most prominent muscle in the neck region which is used as important landmark during teaching living anatomy and gross anatomy of triangles of neck to students. As many important nerves and vessels are related to this key muscle of neck, any variation in relation to its origin, insertion and nerve supply attracts the attention of surgeons and anatomists. Embryological basis and clinical significance was discussed in these two cases of unilateral and bilateral presence of third head of SCM.
Unusually large thymus showing involution - a case report
Authors: Xaviour Rosemol , K. Girijamony V , B. Sheela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe most superficial structure in the superior mediastinum, the thymus, usually continues to grow up to the age of 5-6yrs and progressively involutes thereafter. It hardly weighs more than 10 gms in an adult. During routine dissection of a cadaver in the Anatomy Department, Government Medical College, Thrissur,an unusually large thymus was noticed in the superior mediastinum extending into the anterior mediastinum. After histological examination of the same by the Pathologist, it was concluded as a case of thymus showing involution rather than a Thymoma or a Thymic Hyperplasia.
Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy
Authors: Bhat Shruthi , Nayak Sheela G , Pare Vidyashambhava , Borker Sagar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Beehives are made up of wax, which are the natural glandular secretions of honeybees. One such huge beehive was incidentally noticed on the wall behind the Department of Anatomy, K.V.G. Medical College Sullia in 2012. The bees had already abandoned it and there were no bees even fluttering around. So we plucking it ensured that it was excised as a whole, instead of allowing it to get biodegraded. With assistance we got it to the Department. Objective: To study the architecture of this beehive and use of its wax to repair damaged dry human bones in the Department of Anatomy. Materials and Methods: Spirit lamp, spirit, Forceps, Cutting blades, quick fix, varnish, spatula and enamel paint were used for the study. Wax melted when heated at 62-65degree Celsius. Crude wax of the beehive was placed on the damaged bone by plucking a part of it. Then the bone was given a correct shape manually. Damaged bone part was repaired artistically using a hot spatula. Results: We could repair many damaged bones with this chunk of wax. Conclusion: This is a simple, cost effective, appropriate technique of bone repair in Anatomy. Regular maintenance of bones will prevent its damage. Thus bones can be used for a long period which can ensure percolation of right information to students of Anatomy.
Perforated transverse vaginal septum - report of an unusual case
Authors: Ramarao Vuba , Revathi P , Gupta Anirban Das , Mohanrao B.Rama , Saha Aditi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA case of perforated transverse vaginal septum in the middle third of the vagina, in a 21 yrs old recently married lady who came for evaluation of dyspareunia at OPD of Gynaecology, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh is reported here. Diagnosis was made clinically and later on confirmed by USG. The patient was treated surgically by excision of the septum following which she conceived successfully. The patient is presently carrying 10 weeks as on the day of reporting and is under our constant follow up.
Anatomical skin incisions for window dissections
Authors: Dixit Daksha , Singel T.C. , Talsaniya Dhaval , Changani Mohit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSkin incisions for comprehensive study dissection, composite dissection, composite window corridor dissection and comprehensive window dissections are different. Many authors/practical volumes have described skin incisions for comprehensive study dissections. There is great need to establish, describe and define the incisions for comprehensive window dissections. The authors have studied and practiced their skin incisions for window dissections of various regions of limbs, during the last three years(2010-2012). The authors have established superior, inferior and vertical incision lines and skin was incised according to that. Skin incisions for various regions are made on the basic principle of windows. Superior and inferior incision lines limit the dissection area and vertical incision line provides better scope of expansion and exposure in a window view. The authors have established, described and defined the incisions for various dissection topics which gives better exposure and scope for expansion of dissection layer wise and in better window manner.
Unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein along with multiple venous anomalies in neck and its clinical importance
Authors: Jana Rashmoni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeck veins are important for various diagnostic, therapeutic and experimental procedures. So knowledge of their anatomical variation is also important. The author reports an unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein with multiple venous anomalies in the neck. A rare site of formation of the right brachiocephalic vein was found at the middle of neck under the right sternocleido mastoid muscle by union of right internal jugular and subclavian vein. Another observation was of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins joined together and formed a common vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle that drained into the external jugular vein. This unusual course of brachiocephalic vein and aberrant drainage of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins may cause unusual bleeding during surgeries and invasive procedures. So clinicians should be aware of these variations of major neck veins to avoid complications.
Hyperboloidal framework for the Kerr spacetime
Authors: Macedo Rodrigo Panosso 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the need of a robust geometrical framework for the calculation of long, and highly accurate waveforms for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals, this work presents an extensive study of the hyperboloidal formalism for the Kerr spacetime and the Teukolsky equation. In a first step, we introduce a generic coordinate system foliating the Kerr spacetime into hypersurfaces of constant time extending between the black-hole horizon and future null infinity, while keeping track of the underlying degrees of freedom. Then, we express the Teukolsky equation in terms of these generic coordinates with focus on applications in both the time and frequency domains. Specifically, we derive a wave-like equation in 2  +  1 dimensions, whose unique solution follows directly from the prescription of initial data (no external boundary conditions). Moreover, we extend the hyperboloidal formulation into the frequency domain. A comparison with the standard form of the Teukolsky equations allows us to express the regularisation factors in terms of the hyperboloidal degrees of freedom. In the second part, we discuss several hyperboloidal gauges for the Kerr solution. Of particular importance, this paper introduces the minimal gauge. The resulting expressions for the Kerr metric and underlying equations are simple enough for eventual (semi)-analytical studies. Despite the simplicity, the gauge has a very rich structure as it naturally leads to two possible limits to extremality, namely the standard extremal Kerr spacetime and its near-horizon geometry. When applied to the Teukolsky equation in the frequency domain, we show that the minimal gauge actually provides the spacetime counterpart of the well-known Leaver’s formalism. Finally, we recast the hyperboloidal gauges for the Kerr spacetime available in the literature within the framework introduced here.
Sharp-selectivity in-line topology low temperature superconducting bandpass filter for superconducting quantum applications
Authors: He Yuxing , Michibayashi Shiori , Takeuchi Naoki , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new class of sharp-selectivity low-temperature superconducting filter that incorporates lumped element resonant couplings. Dependent on a novel synthesis approach, the proposed filter exhibits great advantages such as: (1) a very simple in-line topology (without any cross coupling), (2) extremely compact size based on lumped inductor-capacitor (LC) elements, and (3) multiple transmission zeros (TZs) independently generated and controlled (via each resonant coupling). To facilitate the physical implementation, a group of lumped element circuit models are detailed, where series LC units are adopted for both the resonators and the resonant couplings. Considering an in-line topology here, the entire filter layout is then designed by cascading the lumped models one after another. For verification, a 5th-order bandpass filter centered at 5 GHz, with 500 MHz bandwidth and 3 TZs, is designed, simulated, and tested at cryogenic temperature (4.2 K). Moreover, preliminary simulations of the presented filter in series with an on-chip rapid single-flux-quantum microwave pulse generator are discussed for superconducting quantum applications.
The growth and superconducting properties of RE–Ba–Cu–O single grains with combined RE elements (RE = Gd and Y)
Authors: Shi Yunhua , Bergamo-Andreis Giovanni , Dennis Anthony R , Durrell John H , Cardwell David A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The superconducting properties, melting temperatures and crystal growth rates of single grain, RE–Ba–Cu–O [(RE)BCO] bulk superconductors (where RE = a rare earth element or yttrium) decrease with the RE-element sequence of Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Y. The mechanical properties of these technologically important materials, on the other hand, however, improve in the same sequence. Consequently, one promising approach for optimising the balance between mechanical and superconducting properties of bulk (RE)BCO superconductors, or for adjusting growth rate, is the use of combinations of different rare earth elements. In this study, we explore combinations of Gd and Y in the formation of (Gd–Y)–Ba–Cu–O single grains. We describe the optimisation of the growth process for this multi-RE element system and use optical and scanning electron microscopy to study the microstructure of both non-superconducting (Gd–Y)2BaCuO5 [(Y–Gd)-211] phase inclusions and the (Y–Gd)Ba2Cu3O7-δ
[(Y–Gd)-123] phase matrix itself. We demonstrate that (Gd–Y)–Ba–Cu–O single grains can be fabricated reliably and that they exhibit reasonably good superconducting properties. We observe that there is an increase in RE-211 particle size in this mixed rare earth system, which, ultimately, limits sample performance, and conclude that this may be a general disadvantage of this approach to the synthesis of single grains for high field engineering applications.
Realization of Weyl semimetal phases in topoelectrical circuits
Authors: Rafi-Ul-Islam S M , Siu Zhuo Bin , Sun Chi , Jalil Mansoor B A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a simple and effective method to design and realize various Weyl semimetal (WSM) states in a three-dimensional periodic circuit lattice composed of passive electric circuit elements such as inductors and capacitors (LC). The experimental accessibility of such LC circuits offers a ready platform for the realization of not only various WSM phases but also for exploring transport properties in topological systems. The characteristics of such LC circuits are described by the circuit admittance matrices, which are mathematically related to the Hamiltonian of the quantum tight-binding model. The system can be switched between the Type-I and Type-II WSM phases simply by an appropriate choice of inductive or capacitive coupling between certain nodes. A peculiar phase with a flat admittance band emerges at the transition between the Type-I and Type-II Weyl phases. Impedance resonances occur in the LC circuits at certain frequencies associated with vanishing eigenvalues of the admittance matrix. The impedance readout can be used to classify the Type-I and Type-II WSM states. A Type-I WSM shows impedance peaks only at the Weyl points (WPs) whereas a Type-II WSM exhibits multiple secondary peaks near the WPs. This impedance behaviour reflects the vanishing and non-vanishing density of states at the Weyl nodes in the Type-I and Type-II WSM phases, respectively.
Electronic and photonic counting statistics as probes of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics
Authors: Kubala Björn , Ankerhold Joachim , Armour Andrew D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyse the full counting statistics (FCS) of photons flowing in and out of a microwave cavity coupled to a voltage-biased Josephson junction. Tunnelling of Cooper pairs generates a coherent flow of photons into the cavity whilst at the same time photons can also leak out incoherently. We use a very general unitary transformation method to demonstrate that there is a simple connection between the FCS of the charges and the photons in the long time limit, revealing that all the cumulants of the coherent and the incoherent processes match in that limit. We also explore some of the interesting features in the counting statistics of the charges and photons which arise from the strongly nonlinear dynamics of the system. These include very narrow distributions associated with the emergence of coherent transport and regimes where counting of either an odd or an even number of photons leaving the cavity can result in strongly non-classical cat states within the cavity.
Role of matrix elements in the time-resolved photoemission signal
Authors: Boschini F , Bugini D , Zonno M , Michiardi M , Day R P , Razzoli E , Zwartsenberg B , Schneider M , da Silva Neto E H , dal Conte S , Kushwaha S K , Cava R J , Zhdanovich S , Mills A K , Levy G , Carpene E , Dallera C , Giannetti C , Jones D J , Cerullo G , Damascelli A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) provides access to the ultrafast evolution of electrons and many-body interactions in solid-state systems. However, the momentum- and energy-resolved transient photoemission intensity may not be unambiguously described by the intrinsic relaxation dynamics of photoexcited electrons alone. The interpretation of the time-dependent photoemission signal can be affected by the transient evolution of the electronic distribution, and both the one-electron removal spectral function as well as the photoemission matrix elements. Here we investigate the topological insulator Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S to demonstrate, by means of a detailed probe-polarization dependent study, the transient contribution of matrix elements to TR-ARPES.
Bidirectional relations between cognitive function and oral health in ageing persons: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kang Jing , Wu Bei , Bunce David , Ide Mark , Aggarwal Vishal R , Pavitt Sue , Wu Jianhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
evidence suggests a reciprocal relationship between cognitive function (CF) and oral health (OH), but no study has demonstrated this inter-relationship in a longitudinal population.

Objective
to investigate the bidirectional relationship between CF and OH in an ageing cohort.

Design
cohort study.

Setting
general community.

Subjects
participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Methods
OH, measured by teeth status, self-reported OH and OH-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and CFs were collected at three time points in 2006/07, 2010/11 and 2014/15. Cross-lagged structural equation models were used to investigate the association between CF and OH, adjusted for potential confounding factors.

Results
5477 individuals (56.4% women) were included (mean age = 63.1 years at 2006/07, 67.2 at 2010/11 and 70.4 at 2014/15, SD = 8.9) in analyses. The average CF score was 46.5(SD = 12.3) at baseline and 41.2 (SD = 13.4) at follow-up. 3350 (61.2%) participants had natural teeth only and 622 (11.2%) were edentulous. In the fully adjusted model, better cognition at baseline was associated with better OH at follow-up (beta coefficient = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.03); conversely better OH at baseline predicted better cognition (beta coefficient = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06–0.18). Similar magnitude and direction of the reciprocal association was evident between cognition and OHRQoL.

Conclusions
This is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate the positive reciprocal association between CF and OH. The findings suggest the importance of maintaining both good CF and OH in old age.
β
2-Agonists and the Incidence of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Giorgianni Francesco , Ernst Pierre , Dell’Aniello Sophie , Suissa Samy , Renoux Christel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A recent study found a decreased risk of Parkinson disease (PD) associated with the β2 adrenergic agonist (β2-agonist) salbutamol. However, other mechanisms might explain this apparent association. Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we formed a cohort of 2,430,884 patients aged 50 years or older between 1995 and 2016. During follow-up, 8,604 cases of PD were identified and matched to 86,040 controls on sex, age, date of cohort entry, and duration of follow-up, after applying a 1-year latency time window. Incidence rate ratios of PD associated with use of β2-agonists were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Ever-use of β2-agonists was associated with a 17% decreased rate of PD (rate ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.75, 0.91) compared with no use. However, this association was limited to early short-term use and was no longer observed after more than 2 years of cumulative duration of use (rate ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.17). A similar pattern was observed when stratifying by time since first β2-agonist prescription and by duration of follow-up. The apparent association of β2-agonists with a decreased risk of PD is likely the result of reverse causality rather than a biological effect of these drugs on the risk of PD.