bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of test methods for measuring the net buoyant force of buoyant materials
Authors: Li Nga-wun , Ho Chu-po , Yick Kit-lun , Zhou Jin-yun 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Net buoyant force is a crucial factor affecting the functional performance of clothing for water safety. This study aims to develop an alternative method for measuring the net buoyant force of various buoyant materials such as buoyant fabrics, on a small scale in a more accurate and efficient way than the existing method.

Design/methodology/approach
The net buoyant forces of buoyant materials with different thicknesses and forms were determined and compared using three methods. In Method 1, the traditional method involving mathematical calculations was used; Method 2 involved using the buoyancy-measuring device from the study of Jin et al. (2018) and Method 3 involved using an alternative buoyancy-measuring system that simulates the actual situation of using buoyant swimwear by measuring the force needed to submerge the buoyant material in water at a standard depth. The net buoyant forces of 22 buoyant materials were measured and compared to test these three methods. The accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity and validity of these methods were then statistically compared.

Findings
The results obtained with the alternative buoyancy-measuring system had higher accuracy, reproducibility and validity than the results obtained through mathematical calculations. The sensitivity of the buoyancy-measuring system (Methods 2 and 3) was higher than that of the traditional method involving calculations (Method 1).

Originality/value
An alternative method is proposed to measure the net buoyant force of buoyant materials on a small scale with higher accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity.
Destructive construction
Authors: Chan Kwun-fu 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the problems encountered during the establishment of the Central Police Academy (CPA) under the Nationalist regime from 1936 to 1949. While the authoritarian party-state unified the police academies by forceful means, this catalyzed the cleavage between the schools of police studies and resulted in power struggles over police education, intellectual thought, collectivity and even the national reform of police administration. More than narrating the progress of power consolidation, this study attempts to identify the problems underlying the factional strife and to reveal the interwoven pattern of these power struggles, exploring the confusion regarding what the police is, a question that troubled Chinese policemen from the mainland to Taiwan.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explains the emergence of the factional strife from the beginning of the preliminary growth of the Police Academies in Nanking and Chekiang. It widely makes use of the official archives from Japan Center for Asian Historical Records and Historica Academia to show the dynamic situation in police education and administration. Rather, the official publications of the Police Academies and their affiliated associations reveal the hidden political agenda behind a unified framework as the party-state claimed. Moreover, official gazettes, memorials and newspapers are also used to strengthen the core argument of this study.

Findings
This paper examines the impact of the factional strife between the police leaders Dai Li and Li Shizhen on the CPA from 1936 to 1949. It illustrates that the establishment of the CPA ostensibly unified the nationwide police force but triggered power struggles over the control of the police administration. More importantly, it also shows how the factions strove for larger shares of power under the supreme doctrines that Chiang Kai-shek and the party-state imposed.

Originality/value
The failure of police education to become powerful was a special case among other more typical institutions. The governors coercively merged the police academies and created robust conditions for growth under the shelter of state authority. The police force did not follow the same path of national monopoly as what recent studies found but drifted apart with its vested interests and incompatible beliefs. Hence, the greater the demand for centralized control by the state, the greater the tension of the factional strife.
Phenological diversity of freshwater migration can prolong assemblage‐level migration period in amphidromous fishes in a temperate river system in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Ryosuke , Hirashima Kentaro , Kunishima Taiga , Uno Hiromi , Sato Takuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnimal migration mediates many ecological processes by transferring materials and organisms across ecosystems. Migration period in each species is often limited in relatively short‐term. However, interspecific variations in migration phenology may prolong migration period at assemblage‐level. In this study, we tested (a) whether and how much degree the timing and duration of freshwater migration differ among amphidromous fish species; (b) in what extent the species diversity prolongs the assemblage‐level migration period. Diverse amphidromous species migrated up the studied river system (Arida River, Japan), with species‐specific migration timing and duration. The large variation in the peak time of migration was found among species within a genus; that is, more than 2‐month difference among fourRhinogobiusspecies. In addition to the within‐genus variation, there was much higher variation across genera (≈4‐month difference in maximum inSicyopterus japonicusvs.Rhinogobius nagoyae). Collectively, we observed migrating fish over 10 months from March to December in Arida River. The species diversity positively and nonlinearly increased the assemblage‐level migration period, suggesting the importance of species diversity on prolonging resource transfer from marine to freshwater ecosystems.
To Let or For Lease: ‘Small, but Genteel’ Lodgings for Bachelors in and about the Late Georgian Town
Authors: Metcalfe Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article draws from several sets of archival and published life‐writings to uncover the domestic experiences of bachelors from middling to elite backgrounds who lived in temporary accommodation. It offers an alternative assessment of single men's domestic lives, one that challenges claims that bachelors made little material, psychological or emotional investment in their homes. By moving away from conclusions centred on the normative familial home this article offers a new interpretation of late Georgian domestic life and contributes to the widening literature on histories of the home, family and gender, material culture studies and the comfort infrastructure of the home.
Unravelling the integrated information systems and management control paradox: enhancing dynamic capability through business intelligence
Authors: Elbashir Mohamed Z. , Sutton Steve G. , Mahama Habib , Arnold Vicky 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine whether the interactive effects of integrated information systems (IIS) and business intelligence (BI)‐enabled management control system (MCS) lead to the assimilation of integrated management control information into business processes and whether this assimilation enhances organisational performance. Data were gathered through a large survey and included 419 senior and middle managers representing 347 Australian organisations. The respondents were from organisations that use a single international vendor’s BI software designed to provide integrated MCS capability. As hypothesised, the results confirm the positive influence of the interaction between IIS and BI‐enabled MCS on assimilation of integrated management control information at the business process level, the positive relationship between business process level assimilation and business process performance, and finally the positive relationship between business process performance and overall organisational performance. The results also show that the interaction term has a significant indirect relationship with business process improvement and organisational performance.
How generalist are these forest specialists? What Sweden’s avian indicators indicate
Authors: Lindbladh M. , Hedwall P.‐O. , Holmström E. , Petersson L. , Felton A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonitoring of forest biodiversity and habitats is an important part of forest conservation, but due to the impossible task of monitoring all species, indicator species are frequently used. However, reliance on an incorrect indicator of valuable habitat can reduce the efficiency of conservation efforts. Birds are often used as indicators as they are charismatic, relatively easy to survey, and because we often have knowledge of their habitat and resource requirements. In the Swedish government’s environmental quality goals, there are a number of bird species identified as being associated with ‘older’ and ‘high natural value’ forests. Here we evaluate the occurrence of four of these indicator species using data from 91 production forest stands and 10 forest reserves in southern Sweden. The bird species assessed are willow titPoecile montanus, coal titPeriparus ater, European crested titLophophanes cristatusand Eurasian treecreeperCerthia familiaris. For the production stands assessed, these indicator species exhibited no significant preferences regarding forest composition and structure, indicating a wider range of habitat associations than expected. These species frequently showed territorial behavior in forest stands <60 and even 40 years of age; much younger than the 120‐year threshold for ‘older forest’ as defined by governmental environmental goals. As almost 80% of the production stands ≥10 years old included at least one of the four indicator species, this raises questions regarding the suitability of these species as indictors of forests of high conservational value in southern Sweden. Notably, besides the four species assessed here, none of the additional indicator taxa identified by the government, were recorded in the 10 reserves. This outcome may reflect the difficulties involved in finding bird indicator species indicative of high natural values in this region. Our results highlight the importance of coupling bird surveys with quantified assessments of proximate vegetation cover.
Evaluating a low‐intensity cognitive behavioural program for young people in regional Australia
Authors: Fox Rachael , Nic Giolla Easpaig Brona , Roberts Russell , Greig Jenni , Burmeister Oliver , Dufty Janelle , Thomas Shane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNewAccess is a low‐intensity cognitive behavioural program which was recently trialled for the first time in Australia for clients aged under 18. Given that accessing support earlier tends to result in better outcomes for people with mild‐to‐moderate mental health issues, having NewAccess available for young people has the potential to reduce the likelihood of mild‐to‐moderate mental health concerns developing into more serious, or chronic mental illness over time for some clients, while also freeing up resources for those with more severe support needs. This mixed methods approach presents the findings of an independent evaluation of the program delivered out of two regional headspace centres in 2017‐2019. From an initial sample of 165 young participants aged between 12 and 25, 109 completed the program. Of those who completed the program 60 were under the age of 18. The standardised assessment and outcome measures indicated a very good response to the program, with the majority showing significant improvements in their depression, anxiety and psychological distress scores. The overall ‘reliable improvement’ and ‘recovery rates’ were 64.2% and 72.3% respectively. Overall, the results indicated this program was an acceptable and efficacious intervention for young people in rural settings, when delivered in a ‘youth‐friendly’ service environment.
High expression of PSF1 promotes drug resistance and cell cycle transit in leukemia cells
Authors: Hsieh Han‐Yun , Jia Weizhen , Jin Ze‐cheng , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Takakura Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEscape of cancer cells from chemotherapy is a problem in the management of cancer patients. Research on chemotherapy resistance has mainly focused on the heterogeneity of cancer cells, multiple gene mutations, and quiescence of malignant cancer cells. However, some studies have indicated that interactions between cancer cells and vascular cells promote resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we established mouse leukemia models using the cell lines THP‐1 or MEG‐1. These were derived from acute and chronic myeloid leukemias, respectively, and highly expressed DNA replication factor PSF1, a member of the GINS complex. We found that, after anti‐cancer drug administration, surviving GFP‐positive leukemia cells in the bone marrow were located adjacent to blood vessels, as previously reported in a subcutaneous solid tumor transplantation model. Treating THP‐1 and MEG‐1 cells with anti‐cancer drugs in vitro revealed that those most strongly expressing PSF1 were most chemoresistant, suggesting that PSF1 induces not only cell cycle progression but also facilitates cell survival. Indeed, when PSF1 expression was suppressed by shRNA, the growth rate was reduced and cell death was enhanced in both cell lines. Furthermore, PSF1 knockdown in leukemia cells led to a change in their location at a distance from the blood vessels in a bone marrow transplantation model. These findings potentially reflect a mechanism of escape of leukemic cells from chemotherapy and suggest that PSF1 may be a possible therapeutic target to enhance the effect of chemotherapy.
The Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale: Validation of an end‐product dissection scale for cortical mastoidectomy
Authors: Talks Benjamin James , Lamtara Jesslyn , Wijewickrema Sudanthi , Gerard Jean‐Marc , Mitchell‐Innes Alistair Macleold , O'Leary Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCortical mastoidectomy is a common otolaryngology procedure and represents a compulsory part of otolaryngology training. As such, a specific validated assessment score is needed for the progression of competency‐based training in this procedure. Although multiple temporal bone dissection scales have been developed, they have all been validated for advanced temporal bone dissection including posterior tympanotomy, rather than the task of cortical mastoidectomy.MethodsThe Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale, a 20‐item end‐product dissection scale to assess cortical mastoidectomy, was developed. The scale was validated using dissections by 30 participants (10 novice, 10 intermediate and 10 expert) on a virtual reality temporal bone simulator. All dissections were assessed independently by three blinded graders. Additionally, all procedures were graded with an abbreviated Welling Scale by one grader.ResultsThere was high inter‐rater reliability between the three graders (r = .9210, P < .0001). There was a significant difference in scores between the three groups (P < .0001). Additionally, there was a large effect size between all three groups: the differences between the novice group and both the intermediate group (P = .0119, η2 = 0.2482) and expert group (P < .001, η2 = 0.6356) were significant. The difference between the intermediate group and expert group again had a large effect size (η2 = 0.3217), but was not significant. The Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale correlated well with an abbreviated Welling Scale (r = .8485, P < .0001).ConclusionThe Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale offers a validated score for use in the assessment of cortical mastoidectomy.
Measuring impacts on species with models and metrics of varying ecological and computational complexity
Authors: Hallam Christopher D. , Wintle Brendan A. , Kujala Heini , Whitehead Amy L. , Nicholson Emily 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApproaches to assess the impacts of landscape disturbance scenarios on species range from metrics based on patterns of occurrence or habitat to comprehensive models that explicitly include ecological processes. The choice of metrics and models affects how impacts are interpreted and conservation decisions. We explored the impacts of 3 realistic disturbance scenarios on 4 species with different ecological and taxonomic traits. We used progressively more complex models and metrics to evaluate relative impact and rank of scenarios on the species. Models ranged from species distribution models that relied on implicit assumptions about environmental factors and species presence to highly parameterized spatially explicit population models that explicitly included ecological processes and stochasticity. Metrics performed consistently in ranking different scenarios in order of severity primarily when variation in impact was driven by habitat amount. However, they differed in rank for cases where dispersal dynamics were critical in influencing metapopulation persistence. Impacts of scenarios on species with low dispersal ability were better characterized using models that explicitly captured these processes. Metapopulation capacity provided rank orders that most consistently correlated with those from highly parameterized and data‐rich models and incorporated information about dispersal with little additional computational and data cost. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering species’ ecology, spatial configuration of habitat, and disturbance when choosing indicators of species persistence. We suggest using hybrid approaches that are a mixture of simple and complex models to improve multispecies assessments.
Occupational and non‐occupational allergic contact dermatitis to hair dyes in Greece. A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Gregoriou Stamatis , Mastraftsi Styliani , Hatzidimitriou Eleni , Tsimpidakis Antonis , Nicolaidou Electra , Stratigos Alexander , Katsarou Alexandra , Rigopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOxidative hair dyes are an important source of chemical exposure and a major risk factor for the development of occupational and non‐occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) worldwide.ObjectiveTo identify the frequency of common allergens associated with occupational and non‐occupational ACD to hair dyes during the last 10 years, in Greece.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with suspected ACD to hair dyes from 2010–2019. All patients with patch‐test‐confirmed ACD to hair dyes were evaluated.ResultsOut of 501 patients with suspected ACD to hair dyes, 362 had at least one positive reaction to hair dye allergens (62.4% were customers and 37.6% were hairdressers). The mean age of customers and hairdressers was 43.8 years and 30.8 years, respectively. Of the customers, 58.9% were exposed to dyes for >10 years and 61% of hairdressers for <5 years. The most common site of ACD among customers was the scalp (85%) and among hairdressers the hands (90%). p‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) was the most common contact allergen (52.2%), followed by toluene‐2,5‐diamine, p‐aminophenol, m‐aminophenol, and ammonium persulfate.ConclusionsSensitization prevalences for PPD and cross‐reacting allergens have increased in Greece during the last decade, regardless of occupational or non‐occupational exposure to hair dyes.
Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries?
Authors: Joensen L. E. , Madsen K. P. , Holm L. , Nielsen K. A. , Rod M. H. , Petersen A. A. , Rod N. H. , Willaing I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo map COVID‐19‐specific worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Denmark, and to explore characteristics of people with diabetes and high levels of worries related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 2430 adult members (> 18 years) of two user panels consisting of people with diabetes who have volunteered to share information about their life with diabetes. The questionnaire included items on COVID‐19‐specific worries as well as such worries related to diabetes, sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes‐specific social support, diabetes distress and changes in diabetes‐specific behaviours. Responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regressions.ResultsPeople with diabetes have COVID‐19‐specific worries related to their diabetes. More than half were worried about being overly affected due to diabetes if infected with COVID‐19, about one‐third about being characterized as a risk group due to diabetes and not being able to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regressions showed that being female, having type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications and diabetes distress, feeling isolated and lonely, and having changed diabetes behaviours were associated with being more worried about COVID‐19 and diabetes.ConclusionPeople with diabetes have COVID‐19‐specific worries related to their diabetes which is associated with poorer psychosocial health. These worries should be addressed through support targeting specific questions and needs of individuals with diabetes as well as frequent updates on new knowledge regarding COVID‐19 and diabetes.
Income distribution and economic development: Insights from machine learning
Authors: Dutt Pushan , Tsetlin Ilia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe draw upon recent advances that combine causal inferences with machine learning, to show that poverty is the key income distribution measure that matters for development outcomes. In a predictive framework, we first show that LASSO chooses only the headcount measure of poverty from 37 income distribution measures in predicting schooling, institutional quality, and per capita income. Next, causal inferences with post‐LASSO models indicate that poverty matters more strongly for development outcomes than does the Gini coefficient. Finally, instrumental variable estimates in conjunction with post‐LASSO models show that compared to Gini, poverty is more strongly causally associated with schooling and per capita income, but not institutional quality. Our results question the literature's overwhelming focus on the Gini coefficient. At the least, our results imply that the causal link from inequality (as measured by Gini) to development outcomes is tenuous.
Sorafenib induces pigmentation via the regulation of β‐catenin signalling pathway in melanoma cells
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Il , Jung Kyung Eun , Shin Young‐Bin , Kim Chang‐Deok , Yoon Tae‐Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe conducted large‐scale screening test on drugs that were already approved for other diseases to find pigmentation‐modulating agents. Among drugs with potential for pigmentation control, we selected sorafenib and further investigated the effect on pigmentation using HM3KO melanoma cells. As a result of treating melanoma cells with sorafenib, pigmentation was promoted in terms of melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Sorafenib increased mRNA and protein levels of pigmentation‐related genes such as MITF, tyrosinase and TRP1. To uncover the action mechanism, we investigated the effect of sorafenib on the intracellular signalling pathways. Sorafenib reduced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, suggesting that sorafenib induces pigmentation through inhibition of the AKT and ERK pathways. In addition, sorafenib significantly increased the level of active β‐catenin, together with activation of β‐catenin signalling. Mechanistic study revealed that sorafenib decreased phosphorylation of serine 9 (S9) of GSK3β, while it increased phosphorylation of tyrosine 216 (Y216) of GSK3β. These results suggest that sorafenib activates the β‐catenin signalling through the regulation of GSK3β phosphorylation, thereby affecting the pigmentation process.