bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of oil on the making batik leather with chrome aldehyde combination to written and stamped batik
Authors: Sutyasmi S , Kasmudjiastuti E , Murti RS 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of oil on the manufacture of chrome-aldehyde combination leather on the quality of the skin. Goat pickle skin tanned by combination of chrome - aldehyde with variations of oil 2%, 4% and 6%, difinish with batik and stamp batik. Finishing with batik, the skin was previously drawn with a pencil on the nerf part in accordance with the desired motif, then batik according to the motif with batik wax heated 60 - 70°C on the skin that has been patterned using canting. For stamped batik skin, batik uses a copper stamp and is also attached to the skin on the nerf. Furthermore, the skin is coloured according to taste and removed from the wax uses batik wax that is rubbed on the waxed skin until the candle is released, then coloured again according to taste and in lacquers. Batik skin was then physically tested, FTIR tested and skin morphology Physical test results show that the best oil use is 6% and FTIR test results, the groups in the skin of batik are C = C, C-N, and R2C = CH2. While the results of morphological testing of batik skin remain solid and when compared with the physical test the tensile strength remains high and low elongation.
Rainfall Meter Using Arduino and AquaPlumb Water Level Sensor
Authors: Sapsal MT , Suhardi  , Sjahrir R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rainfall data is one component that is widely used in research related to hydrology. Including in implementation of zero run-off system on cocoa land. However, the current source of rainfall data is sometimes incomplete. For that it is needed a rain gauge that is able to provide real-time measurements at certain locations. This tool was developed using the AquaPlumb® water level sensor. Testing is done by measuring the water level in a 2-inch pipe. The sensor is able to detect changes in surface height with a coefficient of determination of more than 98%.
Use of The Zero Run-Off System to Minimaze of Surface Run Off on Cacao Land
Authors: Suhardi  , Munir A , Faridah S N , Waris A , Sapsal M T , Samsuar  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The decline quality of land of cocoa plantations mainly due to erosion by run off. The application of the Zero Run-off system can reduce rill erosion by eliminating surface runoff. The study was conducted to get the dimensions and layout of the system of Zero Run-Off is effective in improving infiltration so there is no runoff. Dimensions of the system is designed using the water balance approach, where all runoff accommodated in the zero Run- off system then infiltrated. Surface runoff calculated by the method of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Potential rate of water inflow into the soil is a function of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the surface area of the system. Soil hydraulic conductivity is determined by the falling head method. Dimensions of the system known through a simulation model based on the physical condition data of field using a dynamic model. The simulation results show that the dimensions of the system are required to enter the entire runoff into the ground in the form of infiltration is a function of rainfall, catchment area and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Using this data, the dimensions and position of the systems zero run-off can be determined accurately. For the conditions of research sites, the whole wet surface area of the system at 5 x 106 mm2 per m2. With a broad measure of the volume of water present in the systems of 0 to 0.0000055 m3, so that the system depths of 1,000 mm, then there is no runoff occurs.
Technology innovation for production of specialty coffee
Authors: Salengke S , Hasizah A , Reta  , Mochtar A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world. Data from International Coffee Organization (ICO) indicate that total world production increased from 8.945 million metric tons in 2014 to 9.126 million metric tons in 2015, 9.462 million metric tons in 2016, and 9.580 million metric tons in 2017. Data from ICO also show that coffee is commercially cultivated in 56 countries and Indonesia with total production of about 720 thousand tons in 2017 was the fourth largest producer after Brazil (3.06 million tons), Vietnam (1.77 million tons), and Colombia (840 thousand tons). To increase the economic value of this commodity, the quality of coffee bean must be improved through both agronomic and postharvest aspects. This study was designed to develop a new ohmic-based fermentation technology for coffee cherry to improve flavor quality of coffee beans. Results of this study indicate that this technology can produce coffee with cup-test scores ranging from 84.38 to 86.88 with an average score of 85.713. This score is higher than the cup test score of Indonesia civet coffee (luwak coffee) reported by several researchers. Therefore, application of ohmic heating based technology for coffee fermentation can significantly improve flavor quality of coffee beans.
Carbon sequestration of varieties coffee cropping systems in Tana Toraja district
Authors: Padjung R , Kaimuddin  , Gunadi Hendrik 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increasingly become an issue as it causes global warming. Such an increase is partly brought about by change in land use and land cover. The research is aimed at identifying type of cropping system in smallholder coffee plantation in Tana Toraja district that provide the best CO2 sequestration. The CO2 sequestration were analysed by sampling the CO2 content of plant biomass, plant residues, stems, soil organic matters, and undercover plants at varieties of coffee cropping system in Rante Deata village. The best CO2 sequestration is the cropping system of coffee with Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) as shading plant (231.25 MT CO2 ha-1), followed by the intercrop of cocoa and coffee with Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and suren (Toona sureni) as shading plant (198.55 MT CO2 ha-1). The least CO2 sequestration is obtained at the cropping system of coffee – clove intercrop without shading plant (137.44 MT CO2 ha-1).
Optimization of Sulfuric Acid Concentration and Hydrolysis Time on Crystallinity of Nanocrystalline Cellulose : A Response Surface Methodology Study
Authors: Sartika D , Syamsu K , Warsiki E , Fahma F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Kapok is a source of natural fiber in addition to cotton, which availability is abundant and contain high cellulose but not been utilized optimally. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis time in the production process of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fiber. The research was conducted in several stages, namely the delignification with alkali hydrothermal, bleaching with alkaline hydrogen peroxide agents, isolation with sulfuric acid solutions, and NCC characterization. The optimization used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD), which consisted of two factors, namely H2SO4 concentration and hydrolysis time. The optimized parameter was the crystallinity degree of the NCC. NCC characterization included functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), surface profiles and dimensions by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the optimum condition of NCC isolation from kapok fiber was obtained at 54.46% (b/b) H2SO4 with hydrolysis time of 48.96 minutes, resulting in a maximum degree of crystallinity of 71.8%. The hydrolysis process with H2SO4 caused a change in the NCC functional group. NCC had a diameter of about 11.2 ± 2.63 nm and high thermal stability that potential for various composite materials
Organic Fertilizer Applicator Performance Test On Rice Field
Authors: Iqbal  , Achmad M , Sapsal M T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Intensive use of paddy fields will cause a decrease in the fertility of the land and to reduce the content of organic matter in soil. Organic content in the soil affects the soil’s ability to bind water and the efficiency of fertilizer absorption by plants. It’s as well as an important source of nutrients for plants [1]. On the other hand, the continuous use of chemical fertilizers will result in environmental pollution even though fertilization is one of the important things to increase production. Organic fertilizer applicator technology is able to fertilize quickly and precisely. The use of organic fertilizer alike compost has positive effect on physical and mechanical properties of the soil [1] and use of organic fertilizers as soil conditioner can increase soil organic matter content so as to maintain and increase the fertility of agricultural land. Fertilization using technology in the form of an organic fertilizer applicator is expected to maximize plant growth so that it can increase rice production. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of the application of organic fertilizer on rice fields. This applicator uses a conveyor belt as metering device, so that the power for the operation of the applicator comes from the wheel rotation and chain transmission. The results show that the applicator can function well. The factors that influence the magnitude of efficiency include the speed and proficiency of the operator.
Effect of Hopper Angle and Teeth Density on Performance of Cylinder Type Sago Rasping Machine
Authors: Darma  , Santoso B , Arbianto M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rasping is the most frequently useful method to disintegrate or to break down the cellular structure of sago pith for mechanical processing. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hopper angle and teeth density on rasping performance of cylinder type sago rasping machine. In the experiment, three levels of hopper angle i.e. 0° (H1), 22.5° (H2) and 45° (H3) and three levels of teeth density i.e. 2.2 cm × 4 cm (D1), 2.2 cm × 3 cm (D2), and 2.2 cm × 2 cm (D3) were examined. The rasping performance test was carried out by measuring rasping capacity, starch percentage, and starch yield. The experimental results showed that the combination of hopper angle and teeth density significantly affected rasping capacity and starch yield, but did not affect the starch percentage. The highest rasping capacity (1891 kg/hour) and the highest starch yield (790 kg) were resulted under experimental condition of teeth density 2.2 cm x 3 cm with hopper angle of 22.5 degree. In conclusion, the optimum condition to achieve highest rasping performance was teeth density 2.2 cm x 3 cm with hopper angle 22.5°.
Talent leadership strategies enhance teacher’s professional competencies in 21st century education for sustainable development
Authors: Xu Ping , Yue Xiaoyao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At present, integrate sustainability with education has been put one of the school’s mission. Students must master sustainability skills. In order to explore the desirable methods of K-12 teacher’s professional competencies on education for sustainable development and to identify talent leadership strategies could enhance teacher’s professional competencies in 21st century education for sustainable development, this research adopts the content analysis method. The author systematically reviewed and analyzed related research works on education for sustainable development, teacher professional competencies and talent leadership strategies. According to the synthesis the results of content analysis, the desirable methods of K-12 teacher professional competencies for sustainable development are as follows: content focus on sustainability with 21st century skills, collaboration with peers, active learning, apply models of learning sustainability in practice, peer-mentoring, feedback and evaluation, duration. teacher professional development. To achieve the second research objective, the author found that the talent leadership strategies could enhance the professional competencies of K-12 teachers for sustainable development, including K-12 teacher professional development methods, K-12 teacher professional competencies, student performance and focus on student achievements.
Correlation between open burning habit and asthma symptoms in children
Authors: Sudarmaji  , Amurbatami Manggali Agni , Putra Firdaus Aris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Asthma is a non-infectious disease which is commonly occurred in children and its prevalence highly varies in the world. It is known that ambient air in environment can worsen asthma. Generally, children prefer to play around their houses means that air quality around the household great influence on children health status, especially concerning in asthma. The method used in this research was cross-sectional. Data were collected from parents by filling out modified ISAAC questionnaire. Chi-square was applied as well to analyse the correlation of variables examined. This study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, with 65 children around 6-7 years old as sample group. The result indicated that there was correlation between asthma symptoms in children and family history of asthma (P=0.024), and correlation between asthma symptoms and children with family history of asthma who lived with family or neighbour that actively doing open burning habit (P=0.036). The conclusion was open burning habit was potentially associated with asthma symptoms in children, without abandoning other external factors such as family history of asthma.
In-door factors and its status related to pneumonia risk in children under five years
Authors: Ula S R , Adriyani R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Children under five years spend most of their time indoors, which means that their primary exposure to air pollution may come from home. Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. In this study, we aim to analyze pneumonia risk factors including environmental risk factors at home and the host factors. We conducted a case-control study. Cases were children aged 12 to 59 months with pneumonia based on medical records of Sememi Primary health center in Surabaya and controls were those with non-pneumonia who live surrounding. We administered structures questionnaires to mothers to obtain data on in-door exposure (ETS, coil mosquito smoke, and aerosol mosquito) and the host factors (birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding). Housing environment (humidity, temperature, natural light, ventilation, and child bedroom’s densities) were measured using appropriate tools. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression; the significance level was set at 0.05. The results showed that humidity, natural light, and exclusive breastfeeding were related to pneumonia. Although the in-door exposure was not. Children under five bedrooms should be designed comfortably and have good indoor air quality. Exclusive breastfeeding could be a protective risk factor to pneumonia in children under five.
Prediction of emissions of a dual fuel engine with Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Wan , Abdullah Samsuri , Ashraf Razali Nurul , Albani Aliashim , Ramli Aima , Olsen Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dual fuel engine is getting more attention in recent years due to its capability to reduce various harmful emissions in a diesel engine. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict and to model the relationship between dual fuel emissions and operating parameters of a dual fuel engine fuelled with natural gas and diesel. Data such as engine power for training and testing of the network are acquired experimentally at Engines and Energy Conversion Lab (EECL), Colorado State University Energy Institute. The engine is a tier II 6 cylinder, 6.8 liter, 4-stroke compression ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17:1 and a power rating of 168 kW at 2200 rpm. The engine was operated at 1800 rpm through five different load points in dual fuel operating modes. Emissions data analyzed during the day were carbon monoxides (CO), carbon dioxides (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen monoxides (NO), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), oxygen (O2) and total hydrocarbons (THC). A total number of 6005 data points from five different loads have been used for ANN development based on standard a back-propagation algorithm. The ANN model was developed using 70% of the experimental results for training, while the rest of the data was used for performance testing and validation. Results show that the ANN model is able to predict the exhaust emissions of a dual fuel engine with regression coefficients at 0.9381 (training), 0.93533 (validation) and 0.93607 (testing), meanwhile the mean squared errors are in the range of 0.09 to 0.1%. These results show that the ANN network is able to predict the engine emissions of a dual fuel engine with 93.47% model performance.
Analysis of transported pollution and haze-related diseases via HYSPLIT Trajectory Modelling in the urbanized area of Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Hanafi Nur H. , Hassim Mimi H. , Noor Zainura Z. , Ng Denny K. S. , Harrin Nor Helmi Nor , Aris Nurazimah M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exposure to the haze pollutants may cause a diverse range of health impacts including symptoms that lead to treatment-seeking behavior, outpatient and emergency department visits, and hospitalization for moderate and severe cases and mortality for the worst-case scenarios. This study is carried out as an effort to understand how the haze occurrence that has been plaguing South East Asia affect the health of the citizen in Malaysia, particularly in Johor due to its close proximity to Sumatra which has been identified as one of the hotspots for frequent forest fires. The study is done in Larkin and Pasir Gudang where health cases caused by poor air quality such as conjunctivitis, URTI and asthma have been identified while HYSPLIT model indicates the trajectory of the wind at different heights to help us understand how wind movement during the selected time of the year causes haze formation. The findings of this study showed that low wind heights below 2000m AGL in September cause particular matter accumulation over Malaysia as the wind over Malaysia. In turn, this causes high API reading which leads to higher conjunctivitis, URTI and asthma cases. The investigation of the exposure and health risks of the air pollutants through a risk-based approach will definitely be beneficial in providing new information about the correlation between health risks and air pollution in Johor, which may also have implications on the environmental and social policies.
Assessment of indoor air quality parameters at Ambulatory Care Centre XYZ, Malaysia
Authors: Aini Mohd Sari Kamarul , Farhah Almar Mastaza Khaleda , Ashraf Abdul Rahman Muhammad , Saji Nurdalila , Muslim Rahmat , Syafiq Syazwan Mustafa Mohd , Yean Ghing Tong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems are very important and necessary to consider in hospital and health care facilities such as in AMBULATORY CARE CENTRE XYZ (ACCXYZ), Malaysia. Majority complaints made by the hospital staff at level 1, state that they felt uncomfortable and suffering coldness due to very low temperature of centralizing air-conditioning especially during non-peak hours. Therefore, five parameters pointed to be measured based on the complaints from staff due to IAQ problems especially from Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. By using 4 in 1 Meter Kit, three environmental parameters recorded such as air temperature (t), relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (AV) and the average result are 22.5°C, 57.7% and 0.02 m/s, respectively. Meanwhile, two chemical parameters recorded are carbon dioxide (CO2) with 875ppm and formaldehyde (CH2O) is 0.11ppm were measured using IAQ Calc model 7545 and Formaldehyde Meter Z-300 devices value within the standard. Thus, the result shows that the HVAC system affects the IAQ parameters in ACCXYZ building through a major impact on the temperature due to patient and staff environment and also to the operation of the sensitive machine in the building.
Comparative study of selected indoor concentration from selective laser sintering process using virgin and recycled polyamide nylon (PA12)
Authors: Damanhuri A A M , Subki A S A , Hariri A , Tee B T , Fauadi M H F M , Hussin M S F , Mustafa M S S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) stands out as one of the promising technologies that have huge potential towards manufacturing industry. The study on additive manufacturing impact on the environment and occupational exposure are attracting growing attention recently. However, most of the researcher focus on desktop and fused deposition modelling type and less attention given to the industrial type of AM. Usually, during the selective laser sintering process, recycle powder will be used again to reduce cost and waste. This article compares the PM 2.5, carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration between virgin and recycles powder using polyamide-nylon (PA12) towards indoor concentration. Four phases of sampling involve during air sampling accordingly to the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 by DOSH Malaysia. It was found that PM 2.5 and CO2concentration are mainly generated during the pre-printing process. The recycle powder tended to appear higher compared to virgin powder in terms of PM 2.5, and CO2. The peak value of PM 2.5 is 1452 µg/m3 and CO2 is 1218 ppm are obtained during the pre-printing process during 8 hours of sampling. TVOC concentration from recycling powder is slightly higher during the post- printing phase where confirm the influence of the powder cake and PA12 temperature from the printing process. In summary, this work proves that elective laser sintering (SLS) machine operators are exposed to a significant amount of exposure during the SLS printing process. Mitigation strategies and personal protective equipment are suggested to reduce occupational exposure.
Indoor environment and energy consumption analysis for a university academic building
Authors: Alhammali A A , Shamsudin S A , Mohammed K K , Tee B T , Al-Issa H A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An energy audit was conducted on a university building located within the main campus of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka, Malaysia. Some of the physical parameters particularly energy consumption, air velocity, airflow, operating temperature, relative humidity and lighting intensity were compared to the Malaysian Standards 1525:2014. This work aims at understanding the comfort level of the occupants and investigates the impact of lighting changes to the overall energy consumption. Based on the data collected, the team could estimate the current energy consumption for all floors. As expected, the air conditioning recorded the highest rate consumption at 72% of electricity usage in the building, followed by the consumption of lighting at 18% and other equipment only 10%. The average operating temperature was recorded at 22.758°C, which is less than that of the recommended range of 24°C - 26°C The average humidity was about 68.31% while the average lighting intensity was recorded at 461.422 lux. Additionally, the Building Energy Index (BEI) for the 2016-2017 period is 128.53 kWh/m²/year and 137.55 kWh/m²/year for 2017/2018. BEI values in 2017-2018 were a little higher than that specified in MS 1525:2014 Standards, which is 135 kWh/m²/year.