bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Frequency Selective Absorption
Authors: Jeong Heijun , Le Dinh Hai , Lim Daecheon , Phon Ratanak , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetasurfaces can provide novel functionality for absorbing electromagnetic waves through a periodic array of inductive/capacitive resonators by controlling the material's permittivity and permeability. This attractive characteristic makes them widely applicable to various electromagnetic applications. However, conventional metasurfaces are dispersive and suffer from a narrow bandwidth with uncontrollable and unchangeable functions because the effective permittivity and permeability are tailored to a certain resonance frequency. Therefore, many studies have focused on how to increase the absorption frequency bandwidth and control the absorption frequency by using reconfigurable metasurfaces. This paper presents a report on the most recent progress in the realization of reconfigurable metasurfaces based on advanced materials for frequency‐selective absorption in the microwave, millimeter‐wave, sub‐terahertz, terahertz, and visible ranges. Furthermore, their tuning ratios for different advanced materials and spectra are summarized and compared. This progress report provides guidelines for the material selection for and the design of reconfigurable metasurfaces.
Rapid Microwave‐Annealing Process of Hybrid Perovskites to Eliminate Miscellaneous Phase for High Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Qing , Ma Taotao , Wang Fangfang , Liu You , Liu Sizhou , Wang Jungan , Cheng Zhengchun , Chang Qing , Yang Rong , Huang Wenchao , Wang Lin , Qin Tianshi , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRapid processing technologies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an exciting approach to raise the rate of production. Herein, a rapid microwave‐annealing process (MAP) is reported to replace the traditional hotplate annealing process (HAP) and the processing period of perovskite is reduced to less than 1 min. Benefiting from the penetrability and simultaneity of microwave irradiation, the MAP method can effectively eliminate miscellaneous phases and thus achieve >1 µm large‐size crystal grains in perovskite films. These MAP treated perovskite films exhibit pure crystalline phase, long charge‐carrier lifetime, and low defect density, which can substantially improve the PSC efficiency without requiring an additional enhancer/passivation layer. The inverted planar PSCs present enhanced power conversion efficiency from 18.33% (HAP) to 21.59% (MAP) and good stability of >1000 h lifetime without encapsulation under ambient conditions. In addition, MAP can be applied to a large‐size (10 cm × 10 cm) perovskite film fabrication as well as a broader tolerance in environmental temperature and precursor concentration, making it a reliable method for repeatably practical fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics.
Total Syntheses of (−)‐Minovincine and (−)‐Aspidofractinine through a Sequence of Cascade Reactions
Authors: Varga Szilárd , Angyal Péter , Martin Gábor , Egyed Orsolya , Holczbauer Tamás , Soós Tibor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report 8‐step syntheses of (−)‐minovincine and (−)‐aspidofractinine using easily available and inexpensive reagents and catalyst. A key element of the strategy was the utilization of a sequence of cascade reactions to rapidly construct the penta‐ and hexacyclic frameworks. These cascade transformations included organocatalytic Michael‐aldol condensation, a multistep anionic Michael‐SN2 cascade reaction, and Mannich reaction interrupted Fischer indolization. To streamline the synthetic routes, we also investigated the deliberate use of steric effect to secure various chemo‐ and regioselective transformations.
Silica aerogel/epoxy nanocomposites: Mechanical, vibrational, and morphological properties
Authors: Albooyeh Alireza , Bayat Mohammadhosein , Rafieian Pouria , Dadrasi Ali , Khatibi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study was an attempt to examine the effects that adding silica aerogel (SA) nanoparticles to epoxy would exert on its mechanical, vibrational, and morphological properties. Neat epoxy was consecutively combined with 1, 2, and 4 wt% of SA nanoparticles. A number of tests of mechanical properties were then performed on the samples, including tests of tensile, bending, compressive, dynamic mechanical thermal, hardness, and Izod impact. Vibration and water uptake tests were also conducted on the samples. The highest modulus and strength values were found in the nanocomposite sample with 4 wt% of SA, and the highest toughness and elongation values were detected in the sample with 1 wt% of SA. Furthermore, adding the SA nanoparticles to the epoxy improved the energy absorption and hardness of the epoxy matrix. The findings from the tests of dynamic mechanical thermal and vibration properties demonstrated that, with an increase in the nanoparticles content in the samples, the values of storage modulus and natural frequency increased while the values of tan δ and damping ratios decreased. A comparison between the values of natural frequency from the vibration test and the values from the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory showed a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
The decision to check in multialternative choices and limited sensitivity to default
Authors: Roth Yefim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the rapid proliferation of smartphone applications and data aggregation websites, in many situations people can use decision aids to guide their choices. For example, they may consider whether to use a navigation device to check the fastest route or whether to use a price comparison website to find the cheapest deal. In what circumstances will subjects use a costly comparison decision aid (which I refer to as “checking”) to choose for them? In six studies, I investigate the impact of the number of available alternatives and checking's attractiveness on the decision to check. While at first increasing the attractiveness of checking led to higher checking rates, a further increase in the number of available alternatives (and thus checking's attractiveness) did not increase the checking rate. Surprisingly, even when checking had a 40% higher expected value compared with not checking, the observed checking rate was below 45%, contrary to risk and ambiguity aversion predictions. Furthermore, labeling the checking alternative as the default had no impact on its choice rate. I find large individual differences in decisions to check. Surprisingly, subjects' initial decisions had high predictive power over their subsequent checking rates, even after 100 trials with full feedback. I propose two simple learning models that capture well the aggregated results.
The association between legalization of recreational marijuana use and birth outcomes in Colorado and Washington state
Authors: Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Keim‐Malpass Jessica , Lyons Genevieve R. , Alhusen Jeanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify trends in birth outcomes that may be associated with legalization of recreational marijuana which occurred in 2013 using vital records from Colorado and Washington states for the period of 2008–2016.MethodsData were from birth certificates of live births (between 22 and 44 weeks gestation) of which there were 576,369 singleton births included for Colorado and 771,547 for Washington State. Outcomes included preterm birth defined as <37 completed weeks of gestation; small for gestational age (SGA) defined using <10th percentile birthweight z‐score; and birth prevalence of congenital anomalies defined using a variable from the birth certificate that indicated any major defect. The outcomes of interest were analyzed using a change‐point approach to logistic regression adjusting for maternal socio‐demographics, body mass index, smoking, and infant sex.ResultsThere was evidence of an increased birth prevalence of congenital anomalies in both Colorado and Washington State when comparing prevalence before and after legalization. Only in Colorado did we observe an increase in preterm births post legalization, and there was no association with fetal growth in either state.ConclusionThis time trend analysis indicates that the birth prevalence of all congenital anomalies combined in Washington and Colorado has increased in parallel with the timing of legalization of marijuana in those two states. However, this finding can only generate hypotheses as no pregnancy exposure information for marijuana was available in this dataset. More research is needed on the effect of marijuana use on birth outcomes.
Sponsorship of oncology clinical trials in the United States according to age of eligibility
Authors: Neel Dylan V. , Shulman David S. , Ma Clement , Bourgeois Florence , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe sponsorship mix of trials relevant to young people with cancer has not been reported. Understanding this sponsorship mix may have implications for policies and regulations related to pediatric cancer drug development.MethodsWe analyzed sponsorship of interventional trials first opened in the United States from 2007 to 2018 using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. A total of 51 781 trials across non‐oncology disciplines and 18 431 oncology trials were classified according to lower age of eligibility (≥18 years vs < 18 years). Studies were stratified according to sponsorship (industry vs non‐industry). Trial characteristics were compared by sponsorship category. Trends in sponsorship were tracked over time.ResultsWithin oncology trials for patients ≥ 18 years, sponsorship was 33% industry and 67% non‐industry. Among oncology trials that included patients < 18 years, sponsorship was 16.6% industry and 83.4% non‐industry (P < .001). 15.5% of industry‐sponsored trials in non‐oncology disciplines included patients < 18 years, whereas only 5.2% of industry‐sponsored oncology trials were open to patients < 18 years (P < .001). Relative to trials with non‐industry sponsors, there was a statistically significant increase in industry sponsorship of oncology trials that included patients < 18 years over time (P < .001). Trial characteristics differed significantly according to sponsor type regardless of age of eligibility.ConclusionsInterventional oncology trials that include patients < 18 years are less likely to be industry‐sponsored compared to oncology trials exclusively in patients ≥ 18 years. Compared to other medical disciplines, a smaller proportion of industry‐sponsored oncology trials included patients < 18 years. Trial sponsorship is associated with differential trial characteristics, such as trial duration and number of patients enrolled, regardless of age.
Detection and discrimination of Carica papaya fungi through the analysis of volatile metabolites by gas chromatography and analysis of variance‐principal component analysis
Authors: Terra Larissa R. , Queiroz Sonia C.N. , Terao Daniel , Ferreira Márcia M.C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConventional detection and identification of the fungi causing postharvest diseases in fruits are time‐consuming, laborious, and can only be performed after the manifestation of symptoms. In this work, an alternative method based on headspace analysis, and which allows the early detection of fungi species frequently found papaya fruit, is presented. Volatile compounds of four in vitro fungi cultures (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) were extracted using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The resulting chromatographic fingerprints were explored by conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)–PCA. Decomposition of the original matrix, according to the factors proposed in the experimental design, by ANOVA before applying the PCA improved the distinction of the control and fungi samples. The main chromatographic peaks referring to the metabolites produced by each species were successfully identified using the proposed analysis. A primary alcohol with five carbons and phenylethyl alcohol were observed in all fungi species and so could be used as an indicative of postharvest disease. Although unique metabolites were detected for all fungi species, only those from C. gloeosporioides and another from F. solani could be surely identified, such as thymolmethyl and 3,6‐dimethylhept‐6‐en‐4‐yn‐3‐ol, respectively. The in vitro results obtained are promising, and it is expected that the biomarkers detected in this work will be useful in future development of methods for the early detection and classification of papaya fungi species.
Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction by a Cobalt Complex Containing a Proton‐Responsive Bis(alkylimdazole)methane Ligand: Involvement of a C−H Bond in H2Formation
Authors: Ghosh Pradip , de Vos Sander , Lutz Martin , Gloaguen Frederic , Schollhammer Philippe , Moret Marc‐Etienne , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHomogeneous electrocatalytic proton reduction is reported using cobalt complex [1](BF4)2. This complex comprises two bis(1‐methyl‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methane (HBMIM) ligands that contain an acidic methylene moiety in their backbone. Upon reduction of [1](BF4)2by either electrochemical or chemical means, one of its HBMIMligands undergoes deprotonation under the formation of dihydrogen. Addition of a mild proton source (acetic acid) to deprotonated complex [2](BF4) regenerates protonated complex [1](BF4)2. In presence of acetic acid in acetonitrile solvent [1](BF4)2shows electrocatalytic proton reduction with akobsof ≈200 s−1at an overpotential of 590 mV. Mechanistic investigations supported by DFT (BP86) suggest that dihydrogen formation takes place in an intramolecular fashion through the participation of a methylene C−H bond of the HBMIMligand and a CoII−H bond through formal heterolytic splitting of the latter. These findings are of interest to the development of responsive ligands for molecular (base)metal (electro)catalysis.
Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Azidation of Benzaldehydes
Authors: Wang Yi , Fang Zaixiang , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Yuanhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yuanhua Wang at Sichuan University. The image depicts the reported dirhodium complexes depicted as Chinese lanterns. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201905855.
Autonomous Machines or Complex Automats – Who is Responsible for Al Algorithms?
Authors: Neupert Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractZu den fundamentalen Fragen, die im Zuge der Entwicklung hin zur Industrie 4.0 diskutiert werden, gehört die nach der Verantwortung für Maschinen. Die innerjuristische Diskussion darüber leidet unter dem unklaren Begriff der künstlichen Intelligenz und der Faszination über die Schöpfung punktuell sehr großer technischer Leistungsfähigkeit, obwohl ein blitzschneller Zugriff auf eine riesige Informationsmenge oder das Ermitteln von bislang unentdeckten Korrelationen zwischen Einzelphänomenen keine Anzeichen für das Auftreten des Übermenschen sind. Techniker stehen umgekehrt verwirrt vor den Differenzierungen, mit denen Juristen sich der Frage nach Verantwortung nähern. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht einen Brückenschlag, um den interdisziplinären Dialog zu stärken.
Toward a domain‐specific language for scientific workflow‐based applications on multicloud system
Authors: Cordasco Gennaro , D'Auria Matteo , Negro Alberto , Scarano Vittorio , Spagnuolo Carmine 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe cloud computing paradigm has emerged as the backbone of modern price‐aware scalable computing systems. Many cloud service models are competing to become the leading doorway to access the computational power of cloud providers. Recently, a novel service model, called function‐as‐a‐service (FaaS), has been proposed, which enables users to exploit the cloud computational scalability, left out the configuration and management of huge computing infrastructures. This article discloses Fly, a domain‐specific language, which aims at reconciling cloud and high‐performance computing paradigms adopting a multicloud strategy by providing a powerful, effective, and pricing‐efficient tool for developing scalable workflow‐based scientific applications by exploiting different and at the same time FaaS cloud providers as computational backends in a transparent fashion. We present several improvements of the Fly language, as well as a new enhanced version of a source‐to‐source compiler, which currently supports Symmetric Multiprocessing, Amazon AWS, and Microsoft Azure backends and translation of functions in Java, JavaScript, and Python programming languages. Furthermore, we discuss a performance evaluation of Fly on a popular benchmark for distributed computing frameworks, along with a collection of case studies with an analysis of their performance results and costs.
Energy‐efficient cluster manager‐based cluster head selection technique for communication networks
Authors: S Amutha , B Kannan , J M Kanagara 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a distributed network without any standard infrastructure. In MANETs, several nodes in the network are grouped by which they can communicate with each other. Clustering is a grouping of mobiles nodes performs the communication process by means of optimal usage of available bandwidth and high network throughput. Several clustering schemes exist, but they suffer from the consumption of energy because of the cluster head's workload and increase in the number of clusters. In this paper, we propose a cluster manager‐based cluster head selection (CMBCH) scheme to overcome the energy problems and leverage CH workload. CMBCH consists of two components, such as cluster manager (CM) and cluster head (CH). The CM takes the responsibility of controlling and monitoring of nodes activities. The CH leads and performing packet transfer among the nodes in the network. At this stage, when current CH energy level is drained, CM elects the corresponding node with high energy level and the new, as well as old CH activities, are simultaneously stored by CM. To prove the proposed scheme efficiency, a simulation experiment was conducted for 20 to 100 nodes under the AODV routing protocol. The network parameters packet delivery ratio and energy consumption are compared for the CMBCH,DLC and HCAL. The obtained results are compared to others; CMBCH conserves minimal energy and bandwidth and also achieves reliable throughput through stable routing.
Spatial upscaling of CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought
Authors: Mallast Ulf , Staniek Maren , Koschorreck Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDroughts lead to falling river water levels and consequently expose river sediments. It is well known that from these exposed aquatic sediments, CO2 emits to the atmosphere, but upscaling of CO2 measurements from discrete point measurements to an entire river system remains challenging. Naturally occurring heterogeneous processes must be accounted for to obtain an overall CO2 flux and to assess its significance. We contribute to this challenge by incorporating a two stage scaling approach using in situ CO2 fluxes and remote sensing data. First, by combining optical airborne data with closed chamber measurements at a representative model site during a first scaling stage, we derive land cover type specific CO2 fluxes and identify distance to the water as the most suitable proxy for further upscaling. Second, we upscale derived spatial relations from the first scaling stage to the entire river system of the Elbe River using a satellite‐based analysis. In this way, we derived area‐weighted CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of 56.6 ± 64.8 tC day−1 (corrected distance proxy) and 52.9 ± 44.6 tC day−1 (land cover proxy), respectively, for 1 day during the 2018 extreme drought. Given the intensification of droughts in terms of length and reoccurrence frequency, this result not only highlights the importance of drought‐induced exposition of river sediment as a source of atmospheric CO2 but also underscores the ability to monitor CO2 emissions over an entire river system on a regular basis using remote sensing.
Pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 improves cardiac metabolism and function in experimental heart failure
Authors: Ciccarelli Michele , Sorriento Daniela , Fiordelisi Antonella , Gambardella Jessica , Franco Antonietta , del Giudice Carmine , Sala Marina , Monti Maria Gaia , Bertamino Alessia , Campiglia Pietro , Oliveti Marco , Poggio Paolo , Trinchese Giovanna , Cavaliere Gina , Cipolletta Ersilia , Mollica Maria Pina , Bonaduce Domenico , Trimarco Bruno , Iaccarino Guido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe effects of GRK2 inhibition on myocardial metabolism in heart failure (HF) are unchartered. In this work, we evaluated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 by a cyclic peptide, C7, on metabolic, biochemical, and functional phenotypes in experimental HF.Methods and resultsC7 was initially tested on adult mice ventricular myocyte from wild type and GRK2 myocardial deficient mice (GRK2‐cKO), to assess the selectivity on GRK2 inhibition. Then, chronic infusion of 2 mg/kg/day of C7 was performed in HF mice with cryogenic myocardial infarction. Cardiac function in vivo was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Histological, biochemical, and metabolic studies were performed on heart samples at time points. C7 induces a significant increase of contractility in wild type but not in adult ventricle myocytes from GRK2‐cKO mice, thus confirming C7 selectivity for GRK2. In HF mice, 4 weeks of treatment with C7 improved metabolic features, including mitochondrial organization and function, and restored the biochemical and contractile responses.ConclusionsGRK2 is a critical molecule in the physiological regulation of cardiac metabolism. Its alterations in the failing heart can be pharmacologically targeted, leading to the correction of metabolic and functional abnormalities observed in HF.