bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family caregiver's experience of caring for an older adult with delirium: A systematic review
Authors: Shrestha Priyanka , Fick Donna M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo enhance understanding of how family caregivers perceive the experience of caring for an older adult with delirium across care settings and to identify the challenges in recognising and managing delirium to inform future research and best practices.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted in five databases per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria. Primary or secondary peer‐reviewed articles published between 1987 and October 2018 describing the experiences of family caregivers caring for older adults with delirium or delirium superimposed on dementia were included in the review. Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A thematic synthesis of results was conducted to extract relevant data as per the aims of the study.ResultsEighteen articles met the eligibility criteria, which were reviewed and analysed in regard to purpose, sample, research design, variables and results. Seven themes emerged in the process. The current challenges and gaps in our knowledge of this phenomenon have also been highlighted, which should be helpful to inform best practices, and finally, an agenda for future research is proposed.ConclusionFamily caregivers are an important partner in the detection and management of delirium. The impact of caring for an older adult with delirium on the family caregivers should not be overlooked. This paper highlights the dearth of research on family caregiver's experience of caring for older adults with delirium and even less in the context of delirium superimposed on dementia. More research is required to further understand the family caregiver's experience and their challenges in order to support them in their caregiving role and to determine their needs and preferences of being involved in the plan of care.Implications for practiceThese findings suggest that family caregivers are a valuable resource in the recognition and management of delirium and should be included as care partners in the health care team, while also catering to their health and well‐being in the process.
Cardiac functions in children with steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Nalcacioglu Hulya , Ozkaya Ozan , Kafali Hasan Candas , Tekcan Demet , Baysal Kemal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction in pediatric patients with steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome (NS).MethodsThe study population consisted of 19 patients with debut‐relapse of NS aged 1–18 years and 30 sex and age‐matched healthy controls. Blood and urine samples, two M‐mode conventional echocardiograms and tissue Doppler velocity imaging were evaluated in both attack and remission periods.ResultsWith regard to conventional pulse wave Doppler (cPWD), steroid‐sensitive NS patients (both in debut / relapse and in remission periods) had a higher peak of late diastolic flow velocities (A peak), and patients in debut / relapse had a lower E/A ratio than the control group, indicating diastolic dysfunction (overall P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively). Based on tissue Doppler velocity imaging echocardiography results, patients in debut/relapse had a higher A′ and a lower E′/A′ ratio (overall P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). There was also a significant difference in the cPWD E/TDI E′ ratio between the patients showing an increased cPWD E/TDI E′ ratio in remission periods compared to in debut/relapse periods (P = 0.09). The albumin levels were positively correlated with E′/A′ and E/ E′ ratio (r = 0.609; P = 0.007, r = 0.472; P = 0.041 respectively).ConclusionsSystolic cardiac functions are preserved but diastolic functions are affected in steroid‐sensitive NS patients both in debut/relapse and in remission periods in a relatively short time. The persistence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction during the remission period requires special attention during the follow up for early detection of cardiac abnormalities.
Sustainable human resource training system for promoting school health in Japan
Authors: Tomokawa Sachi , Miyake Kimihiro , Asakura Takashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is essential to develop relevant human resources and sustainable training systems to promote school health.MethodsThis paper reviewed the structure of human resources and relevant training systems for school health in Japan and identified current strengths and challenges.ResultsOur review identified seven key points: (i) a legal basis for the allocation of human resources to schools; (ii) established training systems for school health human resources; (iii) uniformity and quality of teacher training curricula; (iv) establishment of teacher‐training institutions; (v) education centers in every prefecture; (vi) allocation of supervisors for Yogo teachers to every prefectural and municipal education board; and (vii) various study group activities at the district and school levels.ConclusionsBased on these results, we proposed some useful ideas for developing human resources to promote school health in countries outside Japan, especially for developing countries. First, it is necessary to clarify the required competencies for school health among school staff and establish teacher‐training systems based on the required competencies in each country. It is also necessary to consider possible collaboration with existing community health workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, nutritionists, and community health workers by providing short‐term training on school health. Second, it is important to train and assign specialists to teacher‐training institutions that can provide education and conduct research on school health. Third, it is helpful to enhance the functions of in‐service training at the prefectural or district level and introduce lesson study on school health.
The Role of Political Ideology in Public Opinion toward Enumerated Antibullying Policies in Public Schools
Authors: Winburn Jonathan , Winburn Amanda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAll 50 U.S. states now have some type of Antibullying law on the books, and since the initial passage of these bills, many states are now moving into the next phase of policy implementation by reforming and updating their initial legislation. While the initial adoption phase in most states was of low salience and noncontroversial for the public, there is now a more politically divisive debate surrounding the topic: enumerating the laws to protect specific groups. We discuss the use of Antibullying policies around the country along with the political debate over enumeration. Empirically, we examine public attitudes toward adding enumerated protections to existing Antibullying laws for various groups. Using a survey experiment from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we find that public support for enumeration depends on both the group characteristics considered for protection and individuals' ideology.Related ArticlesGarner, Andrew. 2013. “Ambivalence, the Intergroup Contact Hypothesis, and Attitudes about Gay Rights.” Politics & Policy 41 (2): 241‐266. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12010Nevbahar, Ertas. 2015. “Policy Narratives and Public Opinion Concerning Charter Schools.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 426‐451. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12120Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, Ashley Nicole, and Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187
Use of day services improved cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honjo Yasuyuki , Ide Kazuki , Takechi Hajime 
Published: May 2020

AimDay services (DS) are part of the public nursing care system in Japan. The purpose of DS is to help elderly individuals maintain mental and physical functions, eliminate feelings of isolation among homebound users, and reduce the burden of care on family members. However, the relationship between DS and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 161 AD patients based on available Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. The patients were divided into two groups: those who started to use DS (n = 106) and those who did not use DS (n = 55). We then compared the groups’ MMSE scores between the first memory clinic visit and the 6‐month point.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to sex and the number of family members, but the non‐DS group was younger, had more education, and had better MMSE scores at the first visit. At 6 months, we found a significant improvement in the MMSE scores of DS users, reflecting improved cognitive function. In addition, lower MMSE score at the first visit was associated with greater improvement in MMSE score at 6 months. Interestingly, the frequency of DS use had no significant effect on MMSE score. However, after approximately 6 months, DS use significantly improved the cognitive function of AD patients.ConclusionsDS use significantly improved the cognitive function of AD patients. However, most DS users in Japan are older and have severe dementia. Patients who are younger, have more education, or have mild dementia dislike using DS. As a significant difference was found in the MMSE scores between the two groups after 6 months, DS use appears to be a useful non‐drug therapy.
The emergence of a right to clean air: Transforming European Union law through litigation and citizen science
Authors: Misonne Delphine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAir quality is a matter of rights. A substantive right to clean air for individuals has emerged from European Union legislation, the corollary of duties made ever tighter by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In delivering on these developments, reliance on two factors was and remains of crucial importance: litigation and citizen science. The present article focuses on the CJEU’s interpretation of European Union law on ambient air quality and on how that interpretation impacts domestic jurisdictions. The article explores the apparent absence of rights talk in such legislation, while showing in parallel how air quality, health and rights constantly intersect and form an undeniable backdrop, or context, that favours – and even requires – a stricter protection of individuals against air quality degradation.
The function, format, and performance of Margaret Tudor's January 1522 diplomatic memorial
Authors: Newsome Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper offers a detailed analysis of a holograph memorial (also referred to as ‘articles’ or ‘instructions’) sent by Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, to the English court in January 1522, in an effort to persuade Henry VIII to agree to a renewal of Anglo‐Scots peace. Despite their prevalence in many diplomatic correspondence collections, there has been little study on the exact nature and purpose of the memorial genre, or analysis of how the memorial differed from the medieval and early modern letter. Through an analysis of this holograph memorial, I offer some initial thoughts on the format, function and performative impact of the memorial genre, as well as exploring why Margaret chose to send a memorial (and accompanying correspondence) to Henry VIII in January 1522 instead of a more conventional letter. This case study shows that Margaret Tudor was a skilled writer, well‐versed in the mechanisms of diplomatic literacy, who held a central role in the mediation of Anglo‐Scots diplomatic relations and communication in the early sixteenth century.
Regulation of RNA granules by FMRP and implications for neurological diseases
Authors: Lai Austin , Valdez‐Sinon Arielle N. , Bassell Gary J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRNA granule formation, which can be regulated by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) such as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), acts as a mechanism to control both the repression and subcellular localization of translation. Dysregulated assembly of RNA granules has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, it is crucial to understand the cellular pathways impinging upon granule assembly or disassembly. The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of the RBP, FMRP, in translational repression underlying RNA granule dynamics, mRNA transport and localized. We summarize the known mechanisms of translational regulation by FMRP, the role of FMRP in RNA transport granules, fragile X granules and stress granules. Focusing on the emerging link between FMRP and stress granules, we propose a model for how hyperassembly and hypoassembly of RNA granules may contribute to neurological diseases.
Gender differences in academic rank among faculty surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019
Authors: Giuffrida Michelle A. , Steffey Michele A. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Morello Samantha L. , Kapatkin Amy S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe academic rank, gender, surgical career length, and publication record of academic veterinary surgeons and to estimate the association between gender and higher academic rank.Study designCross‐sectional study.SampleResidency‐trained surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019.MethodsSurgeons were identified via institutional websites. Data including surgeon gender, academic title, and year of board certification were collected from public resources. Publication record was measured by using author h‐indices obtained from Scopus. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThree hundred eighteen surgeons were identified from 30 institutions, including 162 (51%) women and 156 (49%) men. Women represented 66% of instructors and assistant professors, and men represented 60% of associate and full professors. This distribution differed significantly (P < .001). Author h‐index was associated with career length but not gender. Men were 2.5 times more likely than women to be associate or full professors (odds ratio 2.52, 95% CI 1.03‐6.14, P = .042) after adjustment for career length and h‐index.ConclusionFemale surgery faculty at US veterinary schools in 2019 were concentrated in lower academic ranks and were less likely than male surgery faculty to be associate or full professors after adjustment for career length and publication record.ImpactA gender gap exists in academic veterinary surgery in the United States. It is critical to recognize that women's increasing participation in veterinary medicine has not been matched by equal representation in all areas. Additional efforts are warranted to identify contributing factors and implement strategies to improve gender inclusion.
Estimating acute human leptospirosis incidence in northern Tanzania using sentinel site and community behavioural surveillance
Authors: Maze Michael J. , Sharples Katrina J. , Allan Kathryn J. , Biggs Holly M. , Cash‐Goldwasser Shama , Galloway Renee L. , de Glanville William A. , Halliday Jo E. B. , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Kibona Tito , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Maro Venance P. , Rubach Matthew P. , Cleaveland Sarah , Crump John A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany infectious diseases lack robust estimates of incidence from endemic areas, and extrapolating incidence when there are few locations with data remains a major challenge in burden of disease estimation. We sought to combine sentinel surveillance with community behavioural surveillance to estimate leptospirosis incidence. We administered a questionnaire gathering responses on established locally relevant leptospirosis risk factors and recent fever to livestock‐owning community members across six districts in northern Tanzania and applied a logistic regression model predicting leptospirosis risk on the basis of behavioural factors that had been previously developed among patients with fever in Moshi Municipal and Moshi Rural Districts. We aggregated probability of leptospirosis by district and estimated incidence in each district by standardizing probabilities to those previously estimated for Moshi Districts. We recruited 286 community participants: Hai District (n = 11), Longido District (59), Monduli District (56), Moshi Municipal District (103), Moshi Rural District (44) and Rombo District (13). The mean predicted probability of leptospirosis by district was Hai 0.029 (0.005, 0.095), Longido 0.071 (0.009, 0.235), Monduli 0.055 (0.009, 0.206), Moshi Rural 0.014 (0.002, 0.049), Moshi Municipal 0.015 (0.004, 0.048) and Rombo 0.031 (0.006, 0.121). We estimated the annual incidence (upper and lower bounds of estimate) per 100,000 people of human leptospirosis among livestock owners by district as Hai 35 (6, 114), Longido 85 (11, 282), Monduli 66 (11, 247), Moshi Rural 17 (2, 59), Moshi Municipal 18 (5, 58) and Rombo 47 (7, 145). Use of community behavioural surveillance may be a useful tool for extrapolating disease incidence beyond sentinel surveillance sites.
Species delineation in the speciation grey zone—The case of Diopatra (Annelida, Onuphidae)
Authors: Elgetany Asmaa H. , van Rensburg Hendré , Hektoen Martin , Matthee Conrad , Budaeva Nataliya , Simon Carol A , Struck Torsten H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTaxonomy based on morphology can be difficult. The challenges arise from different sources such as poor original descriptions, new records based on inadequate knowledge, uncritical application of general assumptions or presence of complexes of cryptic species. One example of problematic taxonomy is the genus Diopatra Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 (Onuphidae, Annelida) and within it the two species Diopatra aciculata and D. neapolitana. The species exhibit great similarity between them casting doubts on their validity as separate species. Our study aims to investigate whether D. aciculata and D. neapolitana should be synonymized, using an integrative taxonomic approach. Therefore, we assessed 22 morphological characters of 70 specimens including one specimen, which might have been erroneously assigned to D. dentata. Additionally, sequence information of five different molecular markers (i.e., 16S rDNA, COI, 28S, ITS1 and ITS2) was gathered to delineate possible species boundaries between these two species. Our results show some evidence for delineating the two species, but they are not conclusive due to both presence of shared morphological characters and conflicting evidence in the molecular data. Accordingly, our results neither confirm nor disprove complete speciation and both species seem to be in the grey zone of speciation. In conclusion, considering taxonomic stability and slight support by morphological characters, we still regard each as two independent species.
Evaluation of NG-Test Carba 5 for Rapid Phenotypic Detection and Differentiation of Five Common Carbapenemase Families: Results of a Multicenter Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Jenkins Stephen , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Westblade Lars F. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Faron Matthew L. , Bergman Yehudit , Yee Rebecca , Mesich Brian , Gerstbrein Derek , Wallace Meghan A. , Robertson Amy , Fauntleroy Kathy A. , Klavins Anna S. , Malherbe Rianna , Hsiung Andre , Simner Patricia J. 
Published: May 2020

NG-Test Carba 5 is a rapid
in vitro
multiplex immunoassay for the phenotypic detection and differentiation of five common carbapenemase families (KPC, OXA-48-like, VIM, IMP, and NDM) directly from bacterial colonies. The assay is simple to perform and has recently received U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance. A method comparison study was performed at geographically diverse medical centers (
n
= 3) in the United States, where 309
Enterobacterales
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates were evaluated by NG-Test Carba 5 (NG Biotech, Guipry, France), the Xpert Carba-R assay (Cepheid, Inc.
Area-level socioeconomic disparity trends in nutritional status among 5–6-year-old children in Israel
Authors: Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Kaufman-Shriqui Vered , Wolff Sagy Yael , Krieger Michal , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Manor Orly 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess area-level socioeconomic position (SEP) disparities in nutritional status, to determine whether disparities differed by sex and to assess whether nutritional status and disparities changed over time.DesignWe used repeated cross-sectional data from a national programme that evaluates the quality of healthcare in Israel to assess children’s nutritional status.SettingThe study included all Israeli residents aged 7 years during 2014–2018 (n=699 255).MethodsSEP was measured based on the Central Bureau of Statistics’ statistical areas, and grouped into categories, ranging from 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest). We used multivariable multinomial regression to assess the association between SEP and nutritional status and between year and nutritional status. We included interactions between year and SEP to assess whether disparities changed over time.ResultsChildren in SEP 1, comprised entirely of children from the Bedouin population from Southern Israel, had drastically higher odds of thinness compared with those in the highest SEP (Girls: OR 5.02, 99% CI 2.23 to 11.30; Boys: OR 2.03, 99% CI 1.19 to 3.48). Odds of obesity were highest in lower-middle SEPs (ORSEP 5 vs 10 1.84, 99% CI 1.34 to 2.54). Prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased between 2014 and 2018, normal weight increased and thinness did not change. SEP disparities in thinness decreased over time in boys but showed a reverse trend for girls. No substantial improvement was seen in SEP disparities for other weight categories.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the need to consider initiatives to combat the considerable SEP disparities in both thinness and obesity.
iOCT-assisted macular hole surgery: outcomes and utility from the DISCOVER study
Authors: Yee Philina , Sevgi Duriye Damla , Abraham Joseph , Srivastava Sunil K , Le Thuy , Uchida Atsuro , Figueiredo Natalia , Rachitskaya Aleksandra V , Sharma Sumit , Reese Jamie , Ehlers Justis P 
Published: May 2020

Background/aimsThis study aimed to characterise the clinical outcomes and utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT)-assisted macular hole (MH) repair.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of eyes in the Determination
of feasibility of Intraoperative Spectral domain microscope Combined/integrated
OCT
Visualization
during En face Retinal and ophthalmic surgery (DISCOVER) study undergoing surgical MH repair with use of iOCT. Functional and surgical outcome data were collected through 12 months postoperatively. MH closure rate, postoperative visual acuity (VA), percentage of cases in which iOCT provided valuable feedback and altered surgical decision making were measured.ResultsEighty-four eyes were included in this study. The mean preoperative VA measured 20/114. The mean postoperative VA improved to 20/68 (p<0.001) at month 1, 20/48 (p<0.001) at month 3 and 20/45 (p<0.001) at month 12 or later. In 43 cases (51%), surgeons reported that iOCT provided valuable information (eg, confirming release of vitreomacular traction and identification of occult residual membranes). In 10 cases (12%), iOCT data specifically altered surgical decision making. Postoperative day 1 transtamponade OCT confirmed tissue apposition and apparent hole closure in 74% of eyes (21/26). All five open holes on postoperative day 1 closed following positioning. Single-surgery MH closure was achieved in 97.6% of cases. One persistent MH was successfully closed with a subsequent surgical repair for a final overall closure rate of 98.8%. Due to chronicity and MH size, additional repair was not recommended for the single remaining persistent MH.ConclusionThis study suggests that iOCT may have important utility in MH surgery, including impacting surgical decision making. iOCT-assisted MH surgery resulted in significant improvement in VA and high single-surgery success rate.