bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of salinity on survival, growth, hemolymph osmolality, gill sodium potassium ATPase activity, and sodium potassium chloride co‐transporter expression in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Rida Reem , Zein‐Eddine Razan , Kreydiyyeh Sawsan , Garza de Yta Antonio , Saoud Imad Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is a freshwater crustacean aquacultured in many countries. Redclaw crayfish are often exposed to saline waters in attempts to improve flavor, to relieve stress during transport, and to prevent or treat parasitic infestations. However, the effect of salinity on the crayfish osmoregulatory process is not well studied. In the present work, we assessed the effect of various salinities on survival, growth, and osmoregulation in redclaw crayfish. Adult crayfish were maintained at seven salinities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 ppt) for 4 weeks, and hemolymph osmolality, gill sodium potassium ATPase activity, and sodium potassium chloride cotransporter expression were assessed. In another experiment, juvenile crayfish were size sorted to similar weights and stocked at four salinities (0, 2, 4, and 6 ppt) for 8 weeks. The animals were group weighed every 2 weeks and individually weighed at the end of the eighth week. Hemolymph osmolality was constant as salinity increased from 0 to 10 ppt then a significant increase was observed at 12 ppt. Redclaw growth rate decreased with an increase in salinity from 0 to 6 ppt. Sodium potassium ATPase activity and sodium potassium chloride cotransporter expression increased with salinity increase. Although salinity might help treat ectoparasites, improve taste, and reduce transportation stress, long‐term exposure increases osmoregulatory metabolic costs and affects growth and energy consumption.
Development of a Loss Method for Energy and Exergy Audit of Condensing Hot Water Boilers
Authors: Banifateme Mohsen , Behbahaninia Ali , Sayadi Saeed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Condensing boilers are used in commercial and residential buildings extensively. In this article, a loss method is proposed to estimate the energy and exergy efficiencies of condensing hot water boilers. The presented method is based on the development of the method presented in ASME PTC 4.1. Energy loss terms consist of exhaust flue gas, carbon monoxide formation, radiation, and condensate outflow sensible heat. Exergy loss terms also include radiation losses, physical exergy of the exhaust flue gas, chemical exergy of the exhaust flue gas, increase in the chemical exergy of the flue gas due to carbon monoxide formation, condensate outflow exergy, boiler exergy destruction, and economizer exergy destruction. Energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated by estimation of these loss terms. To depict the method’s capability and compare results with the direct method, an experimental setup was designed and constructed. Results of energy and exergy audition of the boiler by applying the loss method are compared with the direct method. The results show that, although the condensing economizer improves energy efficiency, it does not improve the exergy efficiency significantly. The energy and exergy efficiencies were 98.65% and 5.14%, respectively.
Colchicine Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Vaidya Kaivan , Tucker Bradley , Kurup Rahul , Khandkar Chinmay , Pandzic Elvis , Barraclough Jennifer , Machet Joshua , Misra Ashish , Kavurma Mary , Martinez Gonzalo , Rye Kerry‐Anne , Cochran Blake J. , Patel Sanjay 
Published: December 2020

Background
Release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with periprocedural myocardial infarction, as a result of microvascular obstruction via pro‐inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways. Colchicine is a well‐established anti‐inflammatory agent with growing evidence to support use in patients with coronary disease. However, its effects on post‐PCI NET formation in ACS have not been explored.

Methods and Results

Sixty patients (40 ACS; 20 stable angina pectoris) were prospectively recruited and allocated to colchicine or no treatment. Within 24 hours of treatment, serial coronary sinus blood samples were collected during PCI. Isolated neutrophils from 10 patients with ACS post‐PCI and 4 healthy controls were treated in vitro with colchicine (25 nmol/L) and stimulated with either ionomycin (5 μmol/L) or phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (50 nmol/L). Extracellular DNA was quantified using Sytox Green and fixed cells were stained with Hoechst 3342 and anti‐alpha tubulin. Baseline characteristics were similar across both treatment and control arms. Patients with ACS had higher NET release versus patients with stable angina pectoris (
P
<0.001), which was reduced with colchicine treatment (area under the curve: 0.58 versus 4.29;
P
<0.001). In vitro, colchicine suppressed unstimulated (
P
<0.001), phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate–induced (
P
=0.009) and ionomycin‐induced (
P
=0.002) NET formation in neutrophils isolated from patients with ACS post‐PCI, but not healthy controls. Tubulin organization was impaired in neutrophils from patients with ACS but was restored by colchicine treatment.

Conclusions
Colchicine suppresses NET formation in patients with ACS post‐PCI by restoring cytoskeletal dynamics. These findings warrant further investigation in randomized trials powered for clinical end points.

Registration

URL:
https://anzctr.org.au
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12619001231134.
Gardos channelopathy: functional analysis of a novel KCNN4 variant
Authors: Fermo Elisa , Monedero-Alonso David , Petkova-Kirova Polina , Makhro Asya , Pérès Laurent , Bouyer Guillaume , Marcello Anna Paola , Longo Filomena , Graziadei Giovanna , Barcellini Wilma , Bogdanova Anna , Egee Stephane , Kaestner Lars , Bianchi Paola 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
We show that the novel KCNN4 variant p.S314P is a gain-of-function mutation but is less severe than the previously reported p.R352H variant. The clinical heterogeneity, blurred symptoms, and absence of specific diagnostic markers make the diagnosis of Gardos channelopathy challenging.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a new point-of-care rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection
Authors: Miscio Leonardo , Olivieri Antonio , Labonia Francesco , De Feo Gianfranco , Chiodini Paolo , Portella Giuseppe , Atripaldi Luigi , Parrella Roberto , Conenna Rodolfo , Buonaguro Franco Maria , Cavalcanti Ernesta , Ascierto Paolo , Botti Gerardo , Bianchi Attilio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The easy access to a quick diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a key point to improve the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to contain its spread. Up to now, laboratory real-time PCR is the standard of care, but requires a fully equipped laboratory and significant infrastructure. Consequently, new diagnostic tools are required.

Methods
In the present work, the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care rapid test "bKIT Virus Finder COVID-19" (Hyris Ltd) is evaluated by a retrospective and a prospective analysis on SARS CoV-2 samples previously assessed with an FDA “authorized for the emergency use—EUA” reference method. Descriptive statistics were used for the present study.

Results
Results obtained with the Hyris Kit are the same as that of standard laboratory-based real time PCR methods for all the analyzed samples. In addition, the Hyris Kit provides the test results in less than 2 h, a significantly shorter time compared to the reference methods, without the need of a fully equipped laboratory.

Conclusions
To conclude, the Hyris kit represents a promising tool to improve the health surveillance and to increase the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 testing.
T cell phenotypes associated with insulin resistance: results from the Berlin Aging Study II
Authors: Sbierski-Kind Julia , Goldeck David , Buchmann Nikolaus , Spranger Joachim , Volk Hans-Dieter , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Pawelec Graham , Demuth Ilja , Spira Dominik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but a subset of obese individuals is considered insulin sensitive (IS). The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are scarce.

Methods
In this cross-sectional analysis, we included a sample of 437 older participants (60–84 years) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, immune cell subsets were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry and systemic cytokine levels were measured. Immune cell parameters were correlated with metabolic measures and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors.

Results
We found that frequencies of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with measures for insulin sensitivity in the older population. Moreover, the percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher, whereas activated T cells and IL-6 levels were lower in IS compared to insulin resistant (IR) obese individuals. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were predictive for impaired insulin sensitivity (ß = 0.16, p = 0.01 and ß = 0.11, p = 0.04), and the association of naïve CD4+ T cells with insulin sensitivity persisted after multivariate adjustment (ß = 0.14, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that parameters of systemic inflammation can differentiate IS from IR obese individuals that are at higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases and may have clinical implications with regard to obesity treatment stratification.

Trial registration
DRKS00009277. Registered 31 August 2015 - Retrospectively registered.
Finite cell method for functionally graded materials based on V-models and homogenized microstructures
Authors: Wassermann Benjamin , Korshunova Nina , Kollmannsberger Stefan , Rank Ernst , Elber Gershon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an extension of the finite cell method (FCM) to V-rep models, a novel geometric framework for volumetric representations. This combination of an embedded domain approach (FCM) and a new modeling framework (V-rep) forms the basis for an efficient and accurate simulation of mechanical artifacts, which are not only characterized by complex shapes but also by their non-standard interior structure. These types of objects gain more and more interest in the context of the new design opportunities opened by additive manufacturing, in particular when graded or micro-structured material is applied. Two different types of functionally graded materials (FGM) are considered: The first one, multi-material FGM is described using the inherent property of V-rep models to assign different properties throughout the interior of a domain. The second, single-material FGM—which is heterogeneously micro-structured—characterizes the effective material behavior of representative volume elements by homogenization and performs large-scale simulations using the embedded domain approach.
Implementing part-time leadership as instrument for sustainable HR management
Authors: Karlshaus Anja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the suitability of part-time leadership as instrument for a sustainable Human Resources Management (HRM) policy. The concept of part-time leadership is introduced and discussed based on a meta-analysis of existing studies and latest research that has been executed on‚ atypical‘working time arrangements in leadership positions. The article discusses the intersection of part-time leadership with the three subject areas (economic, social and ecological) of the Triple-Bottom Line and tries to show more specifically how part-time leadership models can serve the fulfillment of selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in Western countries. Finally, prerequisites and common barriers for a successful implementation of part-time leadership as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) instrument of organizations are unveiled, and suggestions for mitigating those challenges are given from a macro, micro and process perspective.
First record of a reticulated toadfish, Arothron reticularis (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), in Korea
Authors: Kang Chung-Bae , Lee Sang-Hwa , Yu Tae-Sik , Lee Hae-Rim , Han Kyeong-Ho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA single specimen of Arothron reticularis (398 mm in total length), belonging to the family Tetraodontidae, was collected in the coastal waters off Hansan island using a set net in May 2019. The morphological characteristics of the specimen are as follows: large eyes and mouth, white spots on the body, and a white line surrounding the eyes in an annular shape. A result of maximum likelihood tree showed that A. reticularis is related to A. hispidus (93.6%). We proposed the Korean name “Geu-murl-mu-nui-kkeo-kkeurl-bok,” in accordance with the characteristics of the specimen.
Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of individual placement support and cognitive remediation in people with severe mental illness: Results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Christensen Thomas Nordahl , Kruse Marie , Hellström Lone , Eplov Lene Falgaard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdministrators and policymakers are increasingly interested in individual placement and support (IPS) as a way of helping people with severe mental illness (SMI) obtain employment or education. It is thus important to investigate the cost-effectiveness to secure that resources are being used properly.MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial, 720 people diagnosed with SMI were allocated into three groups; (a) IPS, (b) IPS supplemented with cognitive remediation a social skills training (IPSE), and (c) Service as usual (SAU). Health care costs, municipal social care costs, and labor market service costs were extracted from nationwide registers and combined with data on use of IPS services. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted with two primary outcomes: quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and hours in employment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were computed for both QALY, using participant’s responses to the EQ-5D questionnaire, and for hours in employment.ResultsBoth IPS and IPSE were less costly, and more effective than SAU. Overall, there was a statistically significant cost difference of €9,543 when comparing IPS with SAU and €7,288 when comparing IPSE with SAU. ICER’s did generally not render statistically significant results. However, there was a tendency toward the IPS and IPSE interventions being dominant, that is, cheaper with greater effect in health-related quality of life and hours in employment or education compared to usual care.ConclusionIndividual placement support with and without a supplement of cognitive remediation tends to be cost saving and more effective compared to SAU.
Mental health service users’ responses to anticipated discrimination and the Time to Change program in England
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Gehlen Lucia , Giallonardo Vincenzo , Robinson Emily J. , Thornicroft Graham , Henderson Claire 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Responses to anticipateddiscrimination are common among mental health service users and can have adetrimental impact on their recovery. Since 2009, the Time to Change (TTC)anti-stigma program in England has aimed to improve service users’ empowerment,reducing public stigma and discrimination. In this paper, we aim to evaluatewhether service users’ awareness of TTC is associated with fewer responses toanticipated discrimination.

Methods
We used data collected for the evaluation of TTC from samples of mental health service users interviewed by telephone in annual surveys 2009-2014.

Results
Five thousand and nine hundredand twenty-three participants completed the survey, mainly suffering from mooddisorders (depression, 28.4%, n = 1,681) and schizophrenia related disorders(15.4%, n = 915).
In 23.2% of cases,participants were aware of any aspects of the TTC program, while participationin TTC was reported by 2.6%. Being aware of the TTC program was notsignificantly associated with responses to anticipated discrimination, exceptfor those participating in the TTC campaign in 2013. Stopping oneself fromapplying for work was significantly associated with experienced discriminationin both finding (p &lt; 0.001) and keeping (p &lt; 0.001) a job.Concealing mental health problems was associated with a general experience ofbeing shunned (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Awareness of a nationalanti-stigma program may not be sufficient to encourage people to seek work/educationor to be open about their illness in situations in which they currentlyanticipate discrimination. There is the need to identify new multi-levelstrategies for challenging anticipated discrimination, even focusing ondifferent target groups.
Thermally invisible sensors
Authors: Xu Liujun , Huang Jipeng , Jiang Tao , Zhang Long , Huang Jiping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Accurate temperature detection requires a thermal sensor with high performance. In general, once a thermal sensor is placed in a temperature field, it will distort the temperature field more or less. Therefore, the thermal sensor is inaccurate and thermally visible, which constitutes an issue in many practical applications. Here we propose a bilayer scheme to maintain the original temperatures in both sensor and matrix, yielding an accurate and thermally invisible sensor. By solving the linear Laplace equation (with temperature-independent thermal conductivity), we derive two groups of thermal conductivities to realize thermally invisible sensors, even considering geometrically anisotropic cases. These results can be directly extended to thermally nonlinear cases (with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity), as long as the ratio between the nonlinear thermal conductivities of sensor and matrix is a temperature-independent constant. These explorations are beneficial to temperature detection and provide insights into thermal camouflage.
Natural History of Thyroid Disease in Children with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Smith Jessica R , Liu Enju , Church Alanna J , Asch Elizabeth , Cherella Christine E , Srivastava Siddharth , Kamihara Junne , Wassner Ari J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Thyroid ultrasound screening is recommended in children with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) due to increased risk of thyroid neoplasia, but the natural history of thyroid disease in children with PHTS is unclear.

Objective
Determine the prevalence and natural history of thyroid disease in children with PHTS.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study (1998-2019) in an academic pediatric hospital of individuals with genetically confirmed PHTS diagnosed before age 19 years. Clinical, thyroid ultrasound, and laboratory characteristics are described. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of thyroid nodules ≥10 mm diameter and time course and risk factors for nodule development assessed by Cox regression analysis. Secondary outcomes included thyroid nodule requiring biopsy, other ultrasound findings, and prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Results
Among 64 subjects with PHTS, 50 underwent thyroid ultrasound. A thyroid nodule ≥10 mm was diagnosed in 22/50 (44%) subjects at median (range) age 13.3 (7.0-22.9) years. Nodules were diagnosed earlier in females than in males (10.8 [7.0-17.9] vs 14.2 [9.9-22.9] years, P = .009). In multivariate analysis, risk of thyroid nodules was significantly associated with female sex (hazard ratio 2.90, 95% CI 1.16-7.27, P = .02) and inversely associated with the presence of neurologic findings of PHTS (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.69, P = .007). Abnormal-appearing lymph nodes with echogenic foci were observed by ultrasound in 20% of subjects, but these were not associated with malignancy. Autoimmune thyroid disease was present in 10/33 (30.3%) of subjects in whom it was assessed.

Conclusion
Thyroid disease is common in children with PHTS. This study supports current consensus recommendations for ultrasound screening.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ РЕЧЕВОГО ЭТИКЕТА В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СОТРУДНИКА МВД
Authors: Perepelitsyna Yuliya Rostislavovna , Narykova Natalija Alekseevna , Khatagova Svetlana Viktorovna 
Published: December 2020

Цель: определить роль речевого этикета, его специфику и функции в профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД; показать взаимосвязь понятий «речь», «речевой этикет» и «культура речи»; подчеркнуть значимость принципа вежливости и принципа кооперации в речевой практике представителей правоохранительных органов. Материалом исследования послужили словари и справочники по речевому этикету, официальные документы, регламентирующие деятельность сотрудника МВД, служебные и процессуальные документы, составляемые сотрудниками МВД, а также личные наблюдения. Предметом исследования являются этикетные формулы и оптимальные языковые средства, используемые в устной и письменной речи сотрудников МВД.Методы исследования. Для осмысления проблемы речевого этикета в профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД в статье применяются следующие методы исследования: метод анализа, метод классификации, метод наблюдения. С помощью системного подхода обеспечивается аналитическое описание проблемы речевого этикета в деятельности представителей охраны правопорядка.Результаты работы. Доказано, что речевой этикет предполагает высокий уровень культуры речи, владение нормами русского языка, а также соблюдение принципа вежливости и принципа кооперации и в целом является одним из основных компонентов профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД, будучи связан с компетенциями профессионального общения представителей правоохранительных органов.Область применения результатов. Материалы статьи могут быть полезны для слушателей, обучающихся по программам профессионального образования, дополнительной профессиональной подготовки, переподготовки и повышения квалификации сотрудников МВД, и могут использоваться в процессе овладения нормами речевого этикета, на практических занятиях по устной речи, профессиональной этике, служебному этикету и риторике.
Comparison of the effects of different doses of memantine in combination with methylphenidate in children affected by ADHD
Authors: Riahi Forough , Tashakori Ashraf , Enayatollahi Maryam 
Published: December 2020

Aim of the studyThe aim of present study was to investigate the effect of adding different doses of memantine to methyphenidate in the treatment of children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSubject or material and methodsIn a double blind clinical trial, 72 patients with ADHD were evaluated. Patients randomly divided into two groups. Group one received lower doses of memantine (0.1-0.25 mg/kg) and Methylphenidate ; group two received higher doses of memantine(0.25-0.5 mg/kg) and Methylphenidate for six weeks . 39 patients who continued the study until the end, at the week zero, second, fourth and sixth, their demographic and clinical information were assessed by demographic questionnaire and Conners Parent Questionnaire.ResultsThe mean score of the primary parents Conners score in the study was 23.84 ± 2.44 and in the sixth week, it was 12.58 ± 2.89 without statistically significant difference at any time of week zero (p <0.275), second (p = 0.921), fourth (p = 0.7) and sixth (p = 0.966)DiscussionMemantine was effective in the treatment of patients with hyperactivity disorder, and constantly reduced patients' Conners score over a 6-week period. However, no significant difference was observed between patients receiving higher dose of memantine and patients given lower dose of memantine.Conclusionsgiven the increased risk of the related side effects, it is advisable to prescribe a lower dose of memantine along with methylphenidate.