bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitism potential of Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on pupae of the fruit fly species, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), during variable exposure durations
Authors: Ullah Fazl , Farooq Muzammil , Honey Sabyan Faris , Zada Naeem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Fruit flies are important insect pests of horticultural crops. Pesticides used to control them which cause environmental and health hazards; therefore, other alternative sustainable management measures are required.

Main body
Successful implementation of an integrated pest management program, using biological control agents, needs synchronization of parasitoids with hosts selection and exposure time. The present study was conducted to assess the biological activity of the parasitoid species, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), against the melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), at different exposure durations (24, 48, and 72 h). The experiments were conducted under standard laboratory conditions. Significant differences in the parasitism rate of D. giffardii were observed for both species at different exposure durations. The maximum parasitism rate of D. giffardii (52.60 ± 2.84%) and (42.73 ± 2.74%) was observed at 48-h exposure period for Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, respectively. Also, a comparison between both species showed a difference in parasitism rate at 24 and 48 h and a positive correlation between percent parasitism and exposure duration. Adult emergence of D. giffardii showed a maximum emergence rate from pupae of Z. cucurbitae (63.55 ± 4.02%) and B. dorsalis (51.61 ± 2.33%) at 10 days interval, respectively. However, the daily emergence of the parasitoid was not correlated to exposure duration in both species. The results of the present study may serve in the mass rearing of D. giffardii.

Conclusion
The biological activity of D. giffardii was maximum at 48 h of exposure for both fruit fly species, and this important information may improve the mass rearing technology of D. giffardii.
Changes in the faecal microbiome of pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) associated with chronic, recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss
Authors: Richards-Rios Peter , Wigley Paul , López Javier , Wormell Dominic , Barbón Alberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss is a common problem in captive callitrichids. These symptoms are common clinical features of marmoset wasting syndrome (MWS), a chronic enteric inflammation of unknown aetiology associated with mortality in captive marmosets. The unknown aetiology of the condition presents problems for conservation projects where affected colonies present higher mortality and lower birth rates. Since a role for the microbiome has been established in chronic enteric inflammation of other species it is possible that the intestinal microbiome undergoes similar changes during MWS.

Results
The faecal microbiome of pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) at Jersey Zoo was determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of the faecal microbiome of tamarins affected by chronic recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss with unaffected individuals. Affected individuals had a higher relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants assigned to Lactobacillus and Helicobacter jaachi while unaffected individuals had a higher relative abundance of some Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae.

Conclusions
Although Helicobacter has been shown to reside in healthy wild and captive marmosets and tamarins and appears to form part of the normal microbiota, the results of this study raise the prospect that certain species of Helicobacter may be associated with chronic, recurrent diarrhoea in captive callitrichids. The presence of Lactobacillus may also play a role in the development of MWS. Since depletion of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae have been linked to chronic gastrointestinal inflammation in humans, this feature of the microbiome of affected tamarins provides another avenue of further research in the pathogenesis of MWS.
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens) microbiome revealed resistance to colonisation mostly associated with neutralism driven by rare taxa under cadmium disturbance
Authors: Cheaib Bachar , Seghouani Hamza , Llewellyn Martin , Vandal-Lenghan Katherine , Mercier Pierre-Luc , Derome Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Disentangling the dynamics of microbial interactions within communities improves our comprehension of metacommunity assembly of microbiota during host development and under perturbations. To assess the impact of stochastic variation of neutral processes on microbiota structure and composition under disturbance, two types of microbial habitats, free-living (water), and host-associated (skin and gut) were experimentally exposed to either a constant or gradual selection regime exerted by two sublethal cadmium chloride dosages (CdCl2). Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) was used as a piscivorous ecotoxicological model. Using 16S rDNA gene based metataxonomics, quantitative diversity metrics of water, skin and gut microbial communities were characterized along with development and across experimental conditions.

Results
After 30 days, constant and gradual selection regimes drove a significant alpha diversity increase for both skin and gut microbiota. In the skin, pervasive negative correlations between taxa in both selection regimes in addition to the taxonomic convergence with the environmental bacterial community, suggest a loss of colonisation resistance resulting in the dysbiosis of yellow perch microbiota. Furthermore, the network connectivity in gut microbiome was exclusively maintained by rare (low abundance) OTUs, while most abundant OTUs were mainly composed of opportunistic invaders such as Mycoplasma and other genera related to fish pathogens such as Flavobacterium. Finally, the mathematical modelling of community assembly using both non-linear least squares models (NLS) based estimates of migration rates and normalized stochasticity ratios (NST) based beta-diversity distances suggested neutral processes drove by taxonomic drift in host and water communities for almost all treatments. The NLS models predicted higher demographic stochasticity in the cadmium-free host and water microbiomes, however, NST models suggested higher ecological stochasticity under perturbations.

Conclusions
Neutral models agree that water and host-microbiota assembly promoted by rare taxa have evolved predominantly under neutral processes with potential involvement of deterministic forces sourced from host filtering and cadmium selection. The early signals of perturbations in the skin microbiome revealed antagonistic interactions by a preponderance of negative correlations in the co-abundance networks. Our findings enhance our understanding of community assembly host-associated and free-living under anthropogenic selective pressure.
Infrapatellar fat pad area on knee MRI: does it correlate with the extent of knee osteoarthritis?
Authors: Ragab Eman , Serag Dena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is a common cause of chronic disability in older adults. During the past 10 years, the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) has emerged as a new player in the pathogenesis of knee OA. Its exact role in the pathogenesis of knee OA remains uncertain. While many studies focused on the detrimental effect of the chemical mediators released by IPFP and their role in the accentuation of the development of OA, only few studies elucidated the beneficial effect of IPFP maximal area as a local shock absorber protecting the adjacent articular structures from progressive damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the IPFP maximal area and the prevalence of OA manifestations. We also studied the relation between the subcutaneous (SC) fat thicknesses on the medial aspect of the knee as a surrogate marker of body obesity and the IPFP area.

Results
A total of 216 knee scans for 188 adult patients (64 males and 124 females) who met the inclusion criteria were examined. They were between 45 and 66 years (mean 52.5 years). The mean IPFP area for all patients was 6.9 cm2 (± 1.6 SD) (ranged from 4.5 to 11 cm2). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a significant negative association between IPFP area and radiographic manifestations of OA (osteophites, joint space narrowing, and grade of OA) (P value < 0.001 for each), as well as MRI manifestations of OA (cartilage defects and subchondral bone marrow lesions) (P value < 0.001 and < 0.003, respectively). There was a negative but non-significant association between IPFP area and SC fat thickness.

Conclusion
In our study, we found supportive evidence that IPFP maximal area is associated with fewer osteoarthritic knee changes and less cartilage damage, suggesting that it plays a protective role against the development and progression of OA. Further large-scale clinical studies are awaited to confirm the obtained results. Based on our findings, it would be recommended to avoid IPFP resection during surgery in order to maintain its protective effect.
Cadmium-ion detection: a comparative study for a SnO2, MoS2, SnO2/MoS2, SnO2-MoS2 sensing membrane combination with a fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Yang Xiaozhan , Feng Wenlin 
Published: January 2021

A novel fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on

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sensing film for cadmium-ion (

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sensing films are, respectively, coated on the surface of two NCFs’ claddings. The comparative experiment results of the sensors with four membranes (

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in the concentration range of 0–100 µM. When these sensing films adsorbed

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bilayer film exhibits the optimal response to

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All-fiber pulsed laser generation of 25.5  mJ and solution of parasitic oscillation
Authors: Wang Shijie , Lin Xianfeng , Zhang Zhilun , Xing Yinbin , Liao Lei , Li Jiyan 
Published: January 2021

A Q-switched, high-energy pulsed master oscillator power amplifier fiber laser utilizing the lab-built 100/400 µm double-cladding Yb-doped fiber is demonstrated. After two-stage amplification, the pulse energy was boosted to 25.5 mJ, for an average power of 510 W at a repetition of 20 kHz, yielding a slope efficiency of approximately 72.8%; the pulse duration was approximately 140 ns, and corresponding peak power was 182.1 kW. What is more, the limitation of further promotion of pulse energy was proposed: the threshold-like parasitic oscillation, which was determined by the injecting power, repetition, and fiber length, was the main restriction on power scaling in ultra-high-energy systems. Efficient solutions were proposed to suppress the parasitic oscillation by experimentally studies.
Mid-infrared photon counting and resolving via efficient frequency upconversion
Authors: Huang Kun , Wang Yinqi , Fang Jianan , Kang Weiyan , Sun Ying , Liang Yan , Hao Qiang , Yan Ming , Zeng Heping 
Published: January 2021

Optical detectors with single-photon sensitivity and large dynamic range would facilitate a variety of applications. Specifically, the capability of extending operation wavelengths into the mid-infrared region is highly attractive. Here we implement a mid-infrared frequency upconversion detector for counting and resolving photons at 3 μm. Thanks to the spectrotemporal engineering of the involved optical fields, the mid-infrared photons could be spectrally translated into the visible band with a conversion efficiency of 80%. In combination with a silicon avalanche photodiode, we obtained unprecedented performance with a high overall detection efficiency of 37% and a low noise equivalent power of

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. Furthermore, photon-number-resolving detection at mid-infrared wavelengths was demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, with a multipixel photon counter. The implemented upconversion detector exhibited a maximal resolving photon number up to 9 with a noise probability per pulse of 0.14% at the peak detection efficiency. The achieved photon counting and resolving performance might open up new possibilities in trace molecule spectroscopy, sensitive biochemical sensing, and free-space communications, among others.
Status and forecast of leprosy in the still endemic province of Formosa in northern Argentina
Authors: Arnaiz María R. , Iglesias Mónica S. , Franco José I. , Arzamendia Lucila , Santini María S. , Recalde Hugo C. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The province of Formosa, Argentina, is endemic for leprosy. In the present paper, we assessed the trend (T, 2002–2016 time series) and the forecast for 2022 of new case detection rate (NCDR) and determined the spatial distribution of new cases detected (NCD) of leprosy.

Methodology/Principal findings
This is a descriptive observational study of 713 NCD of leprosy from provincial medical records between January 2002 and December 2016. The whole dataset from the provincial medical record was used to independently estimate the NCDR trends of the general population, age groups, sexes and Departments. This same database was used to estimate the NCDR forecast of the general population for 2022, applying a dynamic linear model with a local linear trend, using the MCMC algorithm. The NCDR was higher in men (p<0.05), increased with age (0.20, 8.17, 21.04, and 29.49 for the 0–14, 15–44, 45–64 and over 65-year-old age groups, respectively; p<0.05) and showed a downward trend (negative values) of estimated slopes for the whole province and each Department. Bermejo Department showed the highest (T:-1.02, 95%CI: [-1.42, -0.66]) and Patiño the lowest decreasing trend (T:-0.45, 95%CI: [-0.74, -0.11]). The NCDR trend for both sexes was similar (T:-0.55, 95%CI: [-0.64, -0.46]), and age groups showed a decreasing trend (S15-44:-103, S45-64:-81, S>65:-61, p<0.05), except for the 0–14 age group (S:-3, p>0.05), which showed no trend. Forecasts predicted that leprosy will not be eliminated by 2022 (3.64, 95%CI: [1.22, 10.25]).

Conclusions/Significance
Our results highlight the status of leprosy in Formosa and provide information to the provincial public health authorities on high-risk populations, stressing the importance of timely detection of new cases for further elimination of the disease in the province.
Nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerular lesions unclassified by Columbia classification; Pathology and clinical implication
Authors: Ozeki Takaya , Nagata Michio , Katsuno Takayuki , Inagaki Koji , Goto Kazunori , Kato Sawako , Yasuda Yoshinari , Tsuboi Naotake , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: January 2021

Background
The Columbia classification is widely used for diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In practice, we occasionally encounter segmental glomerular lesions unclassified as Columbia classification. We analyzed the clinical implication of unclassified segmental lesions comparing with Columbia-classified FSGS.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study from 13 local hospitals in Japan. From 172 biopsy cases diagnosed with FSGS or minimal change disease (MCD)/FSGS spectrum with unclassified segmental lesions, adult patients with nephrotic syndrome who received immunosuppressive therapies were included. The cases are classified by pathology, i.e., typical FSGS lesions sufficiently classified into subgroups of Columbia classification: collapsing (COL), tip (TIP), cellular (CEL), perihilar (PH), and not otherwise specified (NOS), and unclassified by the Columbia classification into three subgroups: “endothelial damage,”; “simple attachment,”; and “minor cellular lesion,”. The response to immunosuppressive treatment and 30% decline of eGFR were compared.

Results
Among 48 eligible cases, all were Japanese, 34 were typical FSGS; 13 TIP, 15 CEL, 6 NOS, and no COL or PH cases. Fourteen were unclassified cases: endothelial damage (n = 6), simple attachment (n = 5), and minor cellular lesion (n = 3). The median age of overall patients was 60 years old and the median of eGFR and urinary protein creatinine ratio was 51.5 mL/min/1.73m2 and 7.35, respectively. They received similar therapeutic regimen. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in treatment response between typical FSGS and unclassified cases. Evaluating among the subgroups, endothelial damage, simple attachment and minor cellular lesion showed similar treatment response to TIP or CEL. No significant difference was also observed in the 30% decline of eGFR.

Conclusions
Japanese adult patients with nephrotic syndrome showing unclassified segmental lesions as Columbia classification may be equivalent clinical impact as Columbia classification of FSGS.
Pieds-noirs, têtes hautes: Une histoire des sélectionnés olympiques d’Algérie
Authors: Frenkiel Stanislas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis contribution aims to study the sports careers and biographical trajectories of French athletes from Algeria selected to compete at the Summer Olympics from 1948 to 1984. They are part of the ambiguities and turbulences of the twentieth century: decolonization and globalization, deindustrialization and emancipation, democratization and professionalization of sport. Therefore, the article provides an analysis of the construction of sports excellence proposed at the crossroads of the history of French Algerians, elite sport, and Olympism from the colonial period to the postcolonial era. Relying mainly on ten “oral history” interviews with champions who participated in the Olympic Games, we highlight several determinants structuring their itineraries. These include their urban youth in Algerian and French clubs, sports networks during the Algerian War, the role of the French army, their predominantly amateur athletic careers, their Olympic consecration, and their retraining.Cette contribution vise à reconstruire les carrières sportives et trajectoires bio-graphiques des Français d’Algérie sélectionnés au Jeux Olympiques d’été entre 1948 et 1984. Elles s’inscrivent dans les ambiguïtés et turbulences du XXème siècle: décolonisation et mondialisation, désindustrialisation et émancipation, démocra-tisation et professionnalisation du sport. C’est donc une réflexion sur la construction de l’excellence sportive qui est proposée au carrefour de l’histoire des Français d’Algérie, du sport d’élite et de l’olympisme du temps colonial à l’ère postcoloniale. S’appuyant principalement sur 10 entretiens “récits de vie” avec des champions ayant participé aux Jeux Olympiques, nous mettons en évidence plusieurs déterminants structurant leurs itinéraires. Leur jeunesse en ville dans des clubs algériens et français, les filières sportives dans la Guerre d’Algérie, le rôle de l’armée française, leur carrière majoritairement sous le statut amateur, leur consécration olympique et leur reconversion facilitée en font partie.
Spory pomiędzy posesorami a chłopami dóbr Cieni i Michałowa w czasach Księstwa Warszawskiego
Authors: Pomianowski Piotr Z. 
Published: January 2021

Okres Księstwa Warszawskiego miał charakter przejściowy, jeśli chodzi o relacje pomiędzy ziemiaństwem a chłopstwem. Narzucone kapitalistyczne francuskie prawo cywilne zupełnie nie współgrało z na poły feudalnymi realiami polskiej wsi. Napoleon w artykułem 4 konstytucji zniósł poddaństwo. Niedługo później Fryderyk August wydał dekret grudniowy, którego znaczenie i skutki – mimo bogatej literatury przedmiotu – do dnia dzisiejszego są niezmiernie trudne do określenia. W czasach Polski Ludowej, w okresie wzmożonych badań nad wyzyskiem chłopów i oporem wsi czasów feudalnych i burżuazyjnych, twierdzono, że dekret oznaczał zniesienie własności podzielonej w odniesieniu do gospodarstw chłopskich i wyzucie włościan z ich praw. Te kategoryczne twierdzenia formułowano z reguły bez uwzględnienia źródeł o proweniencji sądowej, a te ostatnie zdają się sugerować, że rzeczywistość była o wiele bardziej skomplikowana. W artykule omówiono spory, które chłopi z Cieni i Michałowa toczyli z posesorami tych wsi przed Trybunałem Cywilnym Pierwszej Instancji w Kaliszu. Charakterystyczne, że w świadomości chłopów, ale i opinii sędziów, dekret grudniowy nie przekreślił bynajmniej wzajemnych uprawnień i obowiązków ziemian i gromad chłopskich, których źródłem były zwyczaje oraz wystawiane przez stulecia różnego rodzaju dokumenty.
A „Nagy Testvér figyel! – Szabadulj ki a könyvtárból!” program megvalósulása és eredményei
Authors: Molnár Ferenc Tamás 
Published: January 2021

A tanulmány a Nagy Testvér figyel! – Szabadulj ki a könyvtárból! könyvtárhasználati program megvalósulását és eredményeit mutatja be. A középiskolások körében jóval kevesebb olvasót vélünk felfedezni, mint a fiatalabb vagy idősebb korosztálynál. A kutatásom hipotézise, hogy egy könyvtári szabadulószobával a középiskolás korosztályt könnyebben becsalogathatjuk a könyvtári térbe, mindezzel fejleszthetjük az információs műveltségüket és a közösségben való együttműködésüket. Az az álláspont, miszerint a fiatalok nem szeretnének új ismereteket megszerezni, véleményem szerint nem igaz. Napjaink oktatási rendszere hasonlít Madách Imre tragédiájának Falanszter színére, az egyéniséget elnyomja, merev, és fenntartja az egyenlőség látszatát. Ellenben egy mai középiskolás mindenben az élményt igyekszik keresni, amit napjaink oktatási rendszerében nem igazán tapasztalhat meg, inkább a lexikális tudás megtanulása és annak számonkérése a cél és nem a megértés során történő egyéni információszerzés. Egy adott témában akkor lesz képes a diák kritikusan gondolkodni, ha a tanulás során kialakul a kritikai attitűd a tanulmányok vagy a világ dolgai iránt. Igyekeztem egy olyan könyvtárhasználati szabadulószoba programot kidolgozni, amely egy közkönyvtári térben is megvalósulhat játékos, szórakoztató módon. Az esettanulmány során számos kutatási kérdés, probléma merült fel. Napjaink oktatási rendszerében háttérbe szorul a könyvtárhasználat és a digitális írástudás fejlesztése, ezért egy olyan programot kívánok bemutatni módszertani megalapozással és fejlődéstörténettel, amely játékos, élményszerű módon növeli az említett területeken a tudásszintet. A tanulmány a program fejlesztéséhez szükséges elmélet megalapozására, valamint a tesztelési eredmények elemzésére és értékelésére fókuszál.