bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed yield can be explained by altered yield components in field-grown western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii Rydb.)
Authors: Chen Zhao , Niu Junpeng , Cao Xinlong , Jiang Wenbo , Cui Jian , Wang Quanzhen , Zhang Quan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWestern wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii Rydb.) is an important cool-season forage and turfgrass. However, due to seed dormancy and poor seedling vigor, it is difficult to develop high seed yield production systems, and assessing these components in response to seed yield. Based on multifactor orthogonally designed field experimental plots under various field management regimes, the effects of numbers of fertile tillers m−2 (Y1), spikelets/fertile tiller (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3), seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), and seed weight (Y5) on seed yield (Z) were determined over three successive years. Correlation analysis indicated that fertile tillers (Y1) was the most important seed yield component. And the biggest contribution of those five yield component is fertile tillers (Y1), followed by seed numbers/spikelet (Y4), spikelets/fertile tiller (Y2), florets/spikelet (Y3) and seed weight (Y5), respectively. By using ridge regression analysis, we have developed an accurate model of seed yield with its five components. Finally, the results of synergism and antagonism among these yield components on seed yield showed that fertile tillers and seed numbers/spikelet had an antagonistic effect on seed yield. Therefore, selection for high seed yield by direct selection for large values of fertile tillers and seed numbers/spikelet would be the most effective breeding strategy for western wheatgrass.
Etiology and Visual Prognosis in Open Globe Injuries: Results of A Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Taylan , Cetin Dora Golgem , Ayhan Ziya , Kaya Mahmut , Arikan Gul , Yaman Aylin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics of OGI and evaluate the correlation between baseline ocular trauma score (OTS) and visual outcomes in cases with OGI. The charts of 257 OGI patients who had at least six months of follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Demographics, data about the etiology, localization and size of the OGI, baseline and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were noted. At the time of approval OTS was calculated and compared with final BCVA. All analysis was performed in both entire study population and our pediatric subgroup. A total of 261 eyes of 257 patients with a mean age of 34.9 ± 19.8 years were enrolled. Globe injury with a mean size of 6.7 ± 4.5 mm was within zone I in 46.7% of the eyes. Older age (p < 0.001, OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 1.015–1.043), higher baseline logMAR BCVA scores (p < 0.001, OR = 4.460, 95% CI = 2.815–7.065), bigger wound size (p < 0.001, OR = 1.159, 95% CI = 1.084–1.240), relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) positiveness (p < 0.001, OR = 0.021 95% CI = 0.005–0.087), lower OTS (p < 0.001, OR = 27.034, 95% CI = 6.299–116.021), presence of concomitant retinal detachment (p < 0.001, OR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.080–0.306), and endophthalmitis (p = 0.045, OR = 0.207, 95% CI = 0.044–0.962) were found to be related to poor visual prognosis. Cases with OGI caused by a sharp object (p = 0.007, OR = 0.204, 95% CI = 0.065–0.641) and those injured by a glass (p = 0.039, OR = 0.229, 95% CI = 0.056–0.931) had more favorable final vision. This study highlights that baseline BCVA, wound size, RAPD, retinal detachment, and OTS were the most significant markers for poor visual outcomes in both the entire population and pediatric subgroup. In cases with OGI, OTS was also found effective in predicting visual prognosis.
Circulating tumor cells detection in tumor draining vein of breast cancer patients
Authors: Hattori Masaya , Nakanishi Hayao , Yoshimura Mayumi , Iwase Madoka , Yoshimura Akiyo , Adachi Yayoi , Gondo Naomi , Kotani Haruru , Sawaki Masataka , Fujita Nao , Yatabe Yasushi , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) in tumor draining vein blood (DB) are potential sources for liquid biopsy. However, the identification of CTCs in DB of breast cancer has not been attempted. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of CTC detection in DB of breast cancer patients using a newly developed filtration-based microfluidic CTC detection device. Samples of peripheral vein blood (PB) and DB drawn from the lateral thoracic vein of the resected breast tissue were collected during the perioperative period. We investigated 41 breast cancer patients who underwent breast surgery with axillary lymph node dissection. DB was successfully collected in 36 patients (87.8%), with a mean amount of 0.85 ml. CTCs were detected in 58.3% of PB samples and 80.6% of DB samples. DB had significant higher number of CTCs compared with PB (p < 0.001). CTCs were detected in 75.0% of DB samples and 50.0% of PB samples from patients achieving pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These results suggest that abundant CTCs are released into the DB of breast cancer patients, indicating that CTCs in DB would be alternative sources for liquid biopsy and potential indicators for monitoring of treatment response and prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Preserved wake-dependent cortical excitability dynamics predict cognitive fitness beyond age-related brain alterations
Authors: Van Egroo Maxime , Narbutas Justinas , Chylinski Daphne , Villar González Pamela , Ghaemmaghami Pouya , Muto Vincenzo , Schmidt Christina , Gaggioni Giulia , Besson Gabriel , Pépin Xavier , Tezel Elif , Marzoli Davide , Le Goff Caroline , Cavalier Etienne , Luxen André , Salmon Eric , Maquet Pierre , Bahri Mohamed Ali , Phillips Christophe , Bastin Christine , Collette Fabienne , Vandewalle Gilles 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAge-related cognitive decline arises from alterations in brain structure as well as in sleep-wake regulation. Here, we investigated whether preserved wake-dependent regulation of cortical function could represent a positive factor for cognitive fitness in aging. We quantified cortical excitability dynamics during prolonged wakefulness as a sensitive marker of age-related alteration in sleep-wake regulation in 60 healthy older individuals (50–69 y; 42 women). Brain structural integrity was assessed with amyloid-beta- and tau-PET, and with MRI. Participants’ cognition was investigated using an extensive neuropsychological task battery. We show that individuals with preserved wake-dependent cortical excitability dynamics exhibit better cognitive performance, particularly in the executive domain which is essential to successful cognitive aging. Critically, this association remained significant after accounting for brain structural integrity measures. Preserved dynamics of basic brain function during wakefulness could therefore be essential to cognitive fitness in aging, independently from age-related brain structural modifications that can ultimately lead to dementia.
Repression of phagocytosis by human CD33 is not conserved with mouse CD33
Authors: Bhattacherjee Abhishek , Rodrigues Emily , Jung Jaesoo , Luzentales-Simpson Matthew , Enterina Jhon R. , Galleguillos Danny , St. Laurent Chris D. , Nakhaei-Nejad Maryam , Fuchsberger Felix F. , Streith Laura , Wang Qian , Kawasaki Norihito , Duan Shiteng , Bains Arjun , Paulson James C. , Rademacher Christoph , Giuliani Fabrizio , Sipione Simonetta , Macauley Matthew S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCD33 is an immunomodulatory receptor linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility via regulation of phagocytosis in microglia. Divergent features between human CD33 (hCD33) and murine CD33 (mCD33) include a unique transmembrane lysine in mCD33 and cytoplasmic tyrosine in hCD33. The functional consequences of these differences in restraining phagocytosis remains poorly understood. Using a new αmCD33 monoclonal antibody, we show that mCD33 is expressed at high levels on neutrophils and low levels on microglia. Notably, cell surface expression of mCD33 is entirely dependent on Dap12 due to an interaction with the transmembrane lysine in mCD33. In RAW264.7 cultured macrophages, BV-2 cultured microglia, primary neonatal and adult microglia, uptake of cargo — including aggregated Aβ1–42 — is not altered upon genetic ablation of mCD33. Alternatively, deletion of hCD33 in monocytic cell lines increased cargo uptake. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing hCD33 in the microglial cell lineage showed repressed cargo uptake in primary microglia. Therefore, mCD33 and hCD33 have divergent roles in regulating phagocytosis, highlighting the importance of studying hCD33 in AD susceptibility.
Isolation and characterisation of a stable 2-azaphenalenyl azomethine ylide
Authors: Katayama Koji , Konishi Akihito , Horii Koki , Yasuda Makoto , Kitamura Chitoshi , Nishida Jun-ichi , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough azomethine ylides have been fully exploited as versatile reactive intermediates in dipolar cycloaddition reactions to construct a variety of heterocyclic compounds involving a nitrogen atom, little is known about their structural and electronic properties. Here a method is developed for the preparation, isolation and characterization of a stable 2-azaphenalenyl based azomethine ylide. N-Phenyl-5,8-di-t-butyl-2-azaphenalenyl cannot be isolated because it undergoes rapid dimerization by C–C bond formation at the 1 and 3 positions. In contrast, sterically bulkier N-2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl-5,8-di-t-butyl-2-azaphenalenyl can be generated and isolated as deep green crystals under deoxygenated conditions. X-ray crystal analysis of this stable azomethine ylide reveals that its azaphenalenyl skeleton has very small bond alternation and structural deformation. The results of spectroscopic and electrochemical theoretical studies indicate that N-2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl-5,8-di-t-butyl-2-azaphenalenyl has electronic features that are similar to those of phenalenyl anion and it possesses an extremely high HOMO energy.
microRNA-217 suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through targeting PTPN14 in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Gen , Yang Zhangshuo , Feng Maohui , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of most common malignancies and its mechanism of metastasis remains unclear. The study was designed to investigate the effects of microRNA-217 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Methods: The expression levels of miR-217 in GC were assayed by real-time qPCR. Metastasis and invasion of cancer cell were assayed by transwell chamber. Double luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the target regulatory relationship between microRNA-217 and tyrosine–protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) on gastric cell lines. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were assayed by Western blot. Results: We found that miR-217 had a low level expression in gastric tumor tissues of 40 patients with GC, and a lower expression in the gastric tumor tissues of the patients with GC metastasis. Moreover, miR-217 markedly suppressed the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cell line in vitro. Furthermore, miR-217 inhibited the expression of PTPN14 by directly targeting its 3′UTR. Moreover, the down-regulation of PTPN14 reduced the metastasis and invasion, whereas up-regulation of PTPN14 led to the enhanced metastases and invasion of gastric cells. miR-217 induced the down-regulation of PTPN14 and inhibited the EMT in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: miR-217 inhibited the EMT through directly targeting to the 3′UTR of PTPN14.
Caries Increment and Oral Hygiene Changes in 6- and 12-Year-Old Children in Riga, Latvia: A 3–Year Follow–Up Report Using ICDAS II and RADKE Criteria
Authors: Gudkina Jekaterina , Amaechi Bennett T. , Abrams Stephen. H. , Brinkmane Anda , Jelisejeva Ieva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries increment and oral hygiene changes over a 3-year period and also compare the sensitivity and specificity of Radke’s caries assessment method to ICDAS II among 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga, Latvia.
Materials and Methods Thirty-eight 6 and thirty-nine 12-year-old children were examined visually and with bitewing (BW) radiographs for dental caries at baseline and after a 3-year period. Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) in all teeth were scored by one calibrated examiner using the Radke’s caries scoring criteria. Oral hygiene level was determined using Green-Vermillion index (G-V ind.) at baseline and after 3 years. ICDAS II was used to assess all children only at the 3rd-year time point. The parents of the 6- and 12-year-old children responded to a questionnaire on oral hygiene at baseline and at the 3-year mark.
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test (α= 0.05), and sensitivity and specificity tests.
Results The mean (SD) values of G–V ind. and caries experience at baseline/3-year period in 6- versus 12-year-old children were as follows. G-V ind.: 1.14(0.80) /1.48(0.89) [p = 0.4768] versus 0.99(0.45)/1.45(1.22) [p = 0.0337]. DMFS: 0.72(1.02)/ 3.13(3.13) [p = 0.0000] versus 6.79(5.14)/14.79(9.86)[p = 0.0000]; dmfs: 11.26(8.71)/7.74 (4.86) [p = 0.0780] versus 3.57 (2.03)/1.5(0.71)[p = 0.3173].The sensitivity and specificity of Radke to ICDAS II of caries-affected surfaces was: in proximal surfaces–0.57 and 0.98, on occlusal surfaces–0.83 and 0.98, on buccal/lingual surfaces–0.43 and 0.99.
Conclusions The result of the present study suggests that the increased caries experience over a 3-year period among the 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga may be due to the concurrent decreased level of oral hygiene, suggesting that ICDAS II instead of Radke’s criteria should be used to detect and monitor dental caries.
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Related to E-cigarette Vaping
Authors: Phung Binh , Lam Anh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have been falsely advertised as safe alternatives to conventional smoking. We report a case involving a 16-year-old female who presented with fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath after vaping e-cig/tetrahydrocannabinol dab pen. Her symptoms rapidly deteriorated and met diagnostic criteria for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiograph revealed extensive patchy airspace disease and computed tomography scan showed bilateral ground glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed increased neutrophils, lymphocytosis, but absent eosinophilia. After the results of a comprehensive workup for infectious etiology returned negative, she was diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and started on systemic corticosteroids.
Challenges in the early assessment and protection of refugee survivors of torture and extreme violence
Authors: Wenzel T. , Graf von Reventlow H. , Kletecka-Pulker M. 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie medizinische und psychiatrische Betreuung von Flüchtlingen ist zu einer globalen Herausforderung geworden. Spezielle Behandlung, Unterstützung und Schutz sind aufgrund der Gewalterfahrungen und den daraus resultierenden psychischen Folgen bei vielen Betroffenengruppen erforderlich. Folterüberlebende sind dabei aufgrund der oft schweren psychologischen Traumatisierung als besondere Gruppe zu berücksichtigen. Ihnen steht nach internationalen ethischen und Menschenrechtsstandards besonderer Schutz zu. Hierbei ist es nötig, Betroffene früh wäh-rend des Aufnahmeprozesses zu identifizieren, und diesen besonderen Schutz sowie weitere spezielle Hilfe zu gewähren. Dies erfordert einen interdisziplinären Ansatz unter Berücksichtigung besonderer rechtlicher und menschenrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen. Bei der Begutachtung sind bezüglich Überlebenden von Folter besondere Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, die im „Istanbul Protokolls“ der Vereinten Nationen festgelegt sind.
The influence of the global electric power system on terrestrial biodiversity
Authors: Holland Robert A. , Scott Kate , Agnolucci Paolo , Rapti Chrysanthi , Eigenbrod Felix , Taylor Gail 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Understanding the relationship between the global electric power sector and biodiversity is central to identifying sustainable pathways to decarbonization. This study examines the relationship between the global electric power sector and threats to biodiversity. The biodiversity footprint of the electric power sector is primarily within the territory where demand for power resides, although substantial regional differences exist. The relationship between supply technologies and threats to biodiversity indicates that a shift to some nonfossil sources could reduce pressures on biodiversity, although there is uncertainty in how threats will scale given current deployment levels of nonfossil sources. The strong territorial link between electric power demand and biodiversity threat provides clear routes for governments to effectively manage biodiversity impacts of electric power transitions.
Autonomous bioluminescence imaging of single mammalian cells with the bacterial bioluminescence system
Authors: Gregor Carola , Pape Jasmin K. , Gwosch Klaus C. , Gilat Tanja , Sahl Steffen J. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Bioluminescence is generated by luciferases that oxidize a specific luciferin. The enzymes involved in the synthesis of the luciferin from widespread cellular metabolites have so far been identified for only 2 bioluminescence systems, those of bacteria and fungi. In these cases, the complete reaction cascade is genetically encodable, meaning that heterologous expression of the corresponding genes can potentially produce autonomous bioluminescence in cell types other than the bacterial or fungal host cells. However, the light levels achieved in mammalian cells so far are not sufficient for single-cell applications. Here we present autonomous bioluminescence images of single mammalian cells by coexpression of the genes encoding the 6 enzymes from the bacterial bioluminescence system.
TRPA1 modulation by piperidine carboxamides suggests an evolutionarily conserved binding site and gating mechanism
Authors: Chernov-Rogan Tania , Gianti Eleonora , Liu Chang , Villemure Elisia , Cridland Andrew P. , Hu Xiaoyu , Ballini Elisa , Lange Wienke , Deisemann Heike , Li Tianbo , Ward Stuart I. , Hackos David H. , Magnuson Steven , Safina Brian , Klein Michael L. , Volgraf Matthew , Carnevale Vincenzo , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The TRPA1 channel functions as an irritant sensor and is a therapeutic target for treating pain, itch, and respiratory diseases. TRPA1 can be activated by electrophilic compounds via covalent modification or activated by noncovalent agonists via ligand binding. However, how covalent modification leads to channel opening and, importantly, how noncovalent binding activates TRPA1 are not well-understood. Here we identified a group of noncovalent agonists and used them to explore TRPA1 gating through iterative functional analyses, molecular modeling, and structure–activity relationship studies. We show that TRPA1 possesses an evolutionarily conserved ligand binding site common to other TRP channels. The combination of computational modeling and experimental structure–activity data lays the foundations for rational drug design.
Intermolecular coupling and fluxional behavior of hydrogen in phase IV
Authors: Goncharov Alexander F. , Chuvashova Irina , Ji Cheng , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Transformations of solid hydrogen at very high pressures are of fundamental interest as this behavior provides a benchmark for other materials. Molecular hydrogen is expected to transform to a monatomic solid at very high pressures; however, intermediate states and their existence remain largely unexplored. Quantum atomic motion is expected to play an increased role for these highly compressed states. Here we revisit hydrogen phase IV, which was reported to exhibit mixed molecular-atomic configurations, to probe the intermolecular interaction in this intermediate regime. By employing concomitantly synchrotron infrared and conventional Raman spectroscopy on the same sample, we do find that the intermolecular interactions are greatly heterogeneous, providing unique experimental insights into vibrational dynamics and lattice fluxionality of hydrogen in phase IV.
The description of the setting in two translations of Naguib Mahfouz’sMidaq Alley
Authors: El-Zawawy Amr M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates the semantic, syntactic and figurative challenges that pose difficulty to the two translators ofMidaq Alleyinto English, particularly in the extracts that describe the setting of the novel. The two translations examined are Trevor Le Gassick’s (a revised edition published in1992) andHumphrey Davies’ (2011). Several problematic extracts are selected to discuss the difficulties involved. The difficulties are tackled on three levels: semantic, figurative and syntactical. The semantic level includes subtleties and shades of meaning among different lexical choices made by the two translators. This level also includes culture-specific items; religious and Qur’anic expressions; and juxtaposition of Classical Arabic and MSA or Cairene lexical items. The figurative level includes the tropes that the ST makes use of as an emblem of literary texts. This includes, but is not limited to, metaphors, hyperboles, etc. The syntactical level is concerned with the syntactic structures and the sentential shifts that occur due to the diversity of the translation strategies adopted at the sentential level. Strategies of translation adopted are also analyzed in tandem with all the above levels. The study concludes that Le Gassick has taken liberties with the ST, very often omitting, compressing and chunking, while Davies has stuck to the letter of the original, thus copying the ST structure as much as possible.
Sotos Ochando’s language movement
Authors: Garvía Roberto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsually relegated to a footnote in the historical accounts of planned languages, Sotos Ochando’sLengua Universalwas most likely the first to give rise to a planned language movement. Contrary to later language movements, Sotos Ochando’s had no competing planned language movements to challenge it. Sotos Ochando’sLengua Universalwas also unique in that it was a philosophical language, much like those created in the 17th-century. This article explains the reasons behind the emergence and collapse of this movement. It explores the perceptions of contemporaries regarding the possibility of philosophical language projects, as well as other extralinguistic factors that determined the fate of this movement.
Modelling of the boundary layer disturbances by localized effect of the round membrane
Authors: Katasonov M M , Kozlov V V , Pavlenko A M , Sadovskii I A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spatial development of the flat plate boundary layer disturbances by the hot-wire anemometry is experimentally investigated. Controlled disturbances were introduced into the laminar flow by means of a round membrane located on the surface of the model. The impulse motion of a round membrane leads to the formation of longitudinal localized structures and wave packets in the boundary layer. Wave packets consist of a set of straight and oblique waves, differing in their propagation characteristics. The development of wave packets downstream is consistent with the linear theory of hydrodynamic stability.