bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemic and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates from calves with diarrhea
Authors: Cao Mingze , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Liwei , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhu Zhen , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans to animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and associated molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae 1 isolated from calves. Results: All 38 unduplicated S. dysenteriae 1 isolates were collected from calves in Gansu Province from October 2014 to December 2016. According to MLST and PFGE analysis, these isolates were separated into 4 and 28 genotypes, respectively. The most common STs identified were ST228 (34.21%, 13/38) and ST229 (39.47%, 15/38), which were first found in the present study. All isolates harbored virulence genes, and the incidence of the seven virulence genes were ipaH (100%), ipaBCD (92.11%), stx (73.68%), ial (57.89%), sen (28.95%), set1A and set1B. According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. In a study on the polymorphism of quinolone resistance–determining region (QRDR) of gyrA/B and parC/E genes, we identified two mutations in gyrA (Ser83→Leu and Asp87→Asn) and parC (Ser80→Ile and Ser83→Leu), respectively. Among them, 55.17% (16/29) of resistant strains had the gyrA point mutations (Ser83→Leu) and parC point mutation (Ser83→Leu). Moreover, 41.38% (12/29) of isolates had all five point mutations of gyrA and parC. In addition, the prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant genes was also investigated. All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6’)-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA, except SD001. In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). Conclusion: Given the increased common emergence of multidrug resistant isolates, uninterrupted surveillance will be necessary to understand the actual epidemic burden and control this infection.
Development of prognosis model for colon cancer based on autophagy-related genes
Authors: Wang Xu , Xu Yuanmin , Li Ting , Chen Bo , Yang Wenqi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Autophagy is an orderly catabolic process for degrading and removing unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components such as proteins and organelles. Although autophagy is known to play an important role in various types of cancer, the effects of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) on colon cancer have not been well studied.Methods: Expression profiles from ARGs in 457 colon cancer patients were retrieved from the TCGA database (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov). Differentially expressed ARGs and ARGs related to overall patient survival were identified. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to investigate the association between ARG expression profiles and patient prognosis.Results: 20 ARGs were significantly associated with overall survival of colon cancer patients. Five of these ARGs had a mutation rate ≥3%. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on Cox regression analysis of 8 ARGs. Low-risk patients had a significantly longer survival time than high-risk patients (p<0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the resulting risk score, which was associated with infiltration depth and metastasis, could be an independent predictor of patient survival. A nomogram was established to predict 3- and 5-year survival of colon cancer patients based on 5 independent prognosis factors, including the risk score. The prognostic nomogram with online webserver was more effective and convenient to provide information for researchers and clinicians.Conclusion: The 8 ARGs can be used to predict the prognosis of patients and provide information for their individualized treatment.
Use of traditional medicine for dental care by different ethnic groups in New Zealand
Authors: Guo Jun , Low Karson , Mei Li , Li JiaHui , Qu Wenwen , Guan Guangzhao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the views, use of and access to traditional medicine (TM) among different ethnicities living in New Zealand. Methods: Qualitative study and in-depth interviews were used. An individual semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive approach to identify the main themes. Results: Three main themes were extracted from interviews with 14 participants from diverse cultural backgrounds: (1) the perspectives of TM varied among different ethnic groups and included the involvement of spirituality, the environment, knowledge and usage of TM. (2) The TM that was used by different ethnic groups included plants, herbs, massage, and other forms of healing. Reasons for choosing traditional or western medicines generally included family tradition, access to TM, and finding a competent traditional healer. (3) The barriers in accessing TM included the paucity of traditional healers, difficulty accessing plants and cost, therefore most would look for a substitution or alternative treatment. Conclusion: Even though the access to these TM in New Zealand was a challenge for the majority of the participants, they are still considered the first-line treatment for the majority. This study provided dental practitioners an insight into the different sort of TM used by the population. By understanding and acknowledging the use of TM, dental practitioners could create a supportive environment for patients to disclose their use of TM and allow them to educate patients on the use of TM.
The Sigma 2 receptor promotes and the Sigma 1 receptor inhibits mu-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception
Authors: Blazquez Pilar Sanchez , Cortés-Montero Elsa , Rodríguez-Muñoz María , Merlos Manuel , Garzón-Niño Javier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) has emerged as an interesting pharmacological target because it inhibits analgesia mediated by mu-opioid receptors (MOR), and also facilitates the development of neuropathic pain. Based on these findings, the recent cloning of the Sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) led us to investigate its potential role as a regulator of opioid analgesia and of pain hypersensitivity in σ2R knockout mice. In contrast to σ1R deficient mice, σ2R knockout mice developed mechanical allodynia following establishment of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain, which was alleviated by the σ1R antagonist S1RA. The analgesic effects of morphine, [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly-ol]-encephalin (DAMGO) and β-endorphin increased in σ1R-/- mice and diminished in σ2R-/- mice. The analgesic effect of morphine was increased in σ2R-/- mice by treatment with S1RA. However, σ2R-/- mice and wild-type mice exhibited comparable antinociceptive responses to the delta receptor agonist [D-Pen2,5]-encephalin (DPDPE), the cannabinoid type 1 receptor agonist WIN55212-2 and the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine. Therefore, while σR1 inhibits and σ2R facilitates MOR-mediated analgesia these receptors exchange their roles when regulating neuropathic pain perception. Our study may help identify new pharmacological targets for diminishing pain perception and improving opioid detoxification therapies.
Incidental retroaortic innominate vein in a patient with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Sasaki Hideki , Harada Takashi , Ishitoya Hiroshi , Sasaki Osamu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRetroaortic innominate vein is a rare anomaly. It has been reported in patients with congenital anomalies such as Tetralogy of Fallot or right aortic arch. However, isolated retroaortic innominate vein is quite rare.Case presentationA 63-year-old man was transferred to our institution because of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Incidentally, we noticed that the left innominate vein coursed under the aortic arch and was directed into the superior vena cava on computed tomography. We performed emergent hemiarch replacement. ConclusionsAttention must be paid to the cannulation site for venous uptake and the method of myocardial protection.
Perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension in highly exposed young adults
Authors: Pitter Gisella , Jeddi Maryam Zare , Barbieri Giulia , Gion Massimo , Fabricio Aline S.C. , Daprà Francesca , Russo Francesca , Fletcher Tony , CANOVA CRISTINA 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundResidents in a large area of North-Eastern Italy were exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via drinking water. Studies on the association between PFAS and blood pressure levels are limited, and results are inconsistent. Using cross-sectional data from the Regional health surveillance program, we aimed to quantify the associations between PFAS serum concentrations and blood pressure and hypertension prevalence.MethodsThe study comprised 16,224 individuals aged 20-39 years. Pregnant women (n=327), or individuals with missing information on the selected covariates (n=111) were excluded, leaving 15,786 subjects for the analyses. Hypertension was defined as any self-reported diagnosis, use of antihypertensive drugs, or elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP≥140 mmHg)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP≥90 mmHg). Generalized additive models were used to investigate the relation between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) natural log (ln) transformed and by decile, and SBP, DBP, hypertension, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsBoth SBP and DBP increased significantly with an increase in the ln-transformed serum PFAS concentrations in a monotonic way. The predicted increase in SBP and DBP were 1.54 mmHg (95%CI 0.61-2.47), 1.60 mmHg (95%CI 0.92-2.27) from lowest to highest decile of PFOA. The associations were stronger for SBP in men and for DBP in women. One unit increase in each In-transformed PFAS was positively associated with an increased odd of hypertension in men: PFOA OR=1.06 (1.01-1.11), PFOS OR=1.13 (1.03-1.23), PFHxS OR=1.08 (1.02-1.15), PFNA OR=1.20 (1.02-1.40).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that serum PFAS concentrations were associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a large highly exposed young adult population. Although the magnitude of the observed effect was relatively small, if confirmed it would be of public health relevance since even small increases in blood pressure levels at the population level may be associated to a raised risk of adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and target organ damage.
Evaluation of adhesion of epoxy resin sealant to improve the corrosion resistance of thermal sprayed coatings
Authors: Carneiro Mateus R. D. , Freitas Bruno C. , de Barros Iuri B. , de Campos Jose Brant , Bastos Ivan N. , Costa Hector R. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The adhesion of coatings on a given substrate has fundamental importance on a coating/substrate system's functionality. The current paper presents the adhesion strength results of FeCr and CoCr-based deposits produced by the electric arc thermal spray process on carbon steel, with an intermediate layer of 95Ni5Al. Three chemical compositions were tested for coating deposition and were characterized using plate and tube specimens made of carbon steel UNS G10200 to result in a screening of performance. Microstructural evaluation by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. Coating strength was measured using the standard pull-off test method. The corrosion resistance was analyzed with salt spray exposure, electrochemical polarization, and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The adhesion strength of FeCr and CoCr alloy coatings shows an overall average tensile strength of 27.2 MPa. All sealed conditions presented low corrosion and the samples with epoxy sealant exhibited a high resistance against corrosion. The X-ray diffraction results have revealed alpha and gamma FeCr alloys and chromite as deposited phases after the coating process.
In invasion assays, the breast cancer cell nucleus leads the way
Authors: Renz Malte 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Cancer cell metastasis determines disease prognosis. During cancer cell metastasis, the cancer cell and the cancer cell nucleus have to undergo extreme shape changes. To monitor shape changes of cancer cells and cancer cell nuclei and the positioning of the cancer cell nucleus during cancer cell invasion, a customized invasion assay with 8-mm pores and reconstituted basal membrane was imaged using fluorescence live-cell microscopy.

Results
The observed cells changed their shape from a distinct fibroblast-like spindle shape to an amoeboid shape without polarization immediately after the passage through an 8-mm pore of the invasion assay. During the process of invasion, the cancer cell centered the cancer cell nucleus over the 8-mm pore, and cancer cell nucleus and adjacent cytoplasmic areas moved first through such a pore. Seemingly testing if the largest and least deformable organelle may fit, the cancer cell nucleus led the way through the porous membrane of the invasion assay.
Management of COVID-19 in a nursing home: the role of a mobile multidisciplinary medicine team.
Authors: Poupin Pierre , N'Diaye Diama , Chaumier François , Lemaignen Adrien , Bernard Louis , Fougère Bertrand 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Long-term residential care facilities and nursing homes are known to be particularly vulnerable to viral respiratory diseases and have expressed the need for collaboration to help manage outbreaks when they occur. Method: In April 2020, Tours University Hospital created a mobile multidisciplinary medicine team to help local nursing homes deal with outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The team included a geriatrician, infectious diseases experts, and palliative care specialists. Results: Here, we provide initial feedback on the mobile support team’s first intervention. The nursing home staff’s main requests were collaborative working, consensus decision-making, and the dissemination of information on disease management.Conclusion: Three lessons emerged from this collaboration: (i) break the nursing home’s isolation, (ii) limit transmission through the use of appropriate hygiene measures, broad screening, and the isolation of sick residents and sick employees, and (iii) provide sufficient human resources.
Dynamic return and volatility connectedness for dominant agricultural commodity markets during the COVID-19 pandemic era
Authors: Umar Zaghum , Jareño Francisco , Escribano Ana M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the dynamic return and volatility connectedness for the three most relevant agricultural commodity markets (Soft, Grain and Livestock) and the Coronavirus Media Coverage Index (MCI) extracted from RavenPack. In concrete, we apply the fresh TVP-VAR methodology proposed by Antonakakis and Gabauer (2017) during the sample period between January 22, 2020 and July 31, 2020, that is in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Interesting results are found in this research. First, dynamic total return and volatility connectedness fluctuates over time, reaching a peak during the heart of the global pandemic crisis, initially in the dynamic total return connectedness and later in the volatility one. Second, in the dynamic connectedness TO the system, we observe significant differences between the agricultural commodity markets in the level of the return connectedness measure. However, in the dynamic volatility connectedness TO, there are very few differences between some elements of the system, highlighting the Coronavirus MCI as one of the major transmitters TO the system at some points in the sample. This Coronavirus MCI appears as the less relevant receiver FROM the system, not only in terms of dynamic return connectedness, but also in volatility. Finally, regarding the net dynamic total connectedness, the Coronavirus MCI shows the highest values in return and volatility. Next, in order of highest to lowest net dynamic return and volatility connectedness we find the Grain commodity market, then the Soft market and finally the Livestock market. This last commodity market shows a negative net dynamic connectedness throughout the entire sample period analysed, exhibiting negative peaks in return at the beginning of the pandemic’s epicentre and in volatility in the middle of the COVID-19 crisis.
Alien forest insect pests revealed in the Northwest Caucasus in 2010–2016 and consequences of their uncontrolled dispersal
Authors: Щуров В.И. , Бондаренко А.С. , Скворцов М.М. , Щурова А.В. 
Published: September 2020

Северо-Западный Кавказ отличается наиболее высоким инвазионным давлением из всех приграничных регионов России. Этому способствует его южное положение, разнообразие экосистем, а также крупные порты, объединяемые обширной транспортной инфраструктурой. С 2000 г. здесь обнаружены популяции более 30 чужеродных видов фитофильных насекомых, связанных с деревьями и кустарниками. В 2010–2016 гг. появилось не менее 15 таких вселенцев. В настоящее время последствия жизнедеятельности трех из них наиболее ощутимы в аборигенных лесных сообществах российского Кавказа. Восточноазиатская огнёвка Cydalima perspectalis с 2012 г. является причиной вымирания самшита Buxus colchica в долинах рек Черноморского побережья, а также расселяется в степную зону региона. В 2015 г. в Краснодарский край проник североамериканский клоп-полифаг Corythucha arcuata, заняв около 2 млн га и повредив дубовые леса на площади более 300 тыс. га. В этот же период в охраняемые колхидские леса под Сочи попала карантинная восточноазиатская орехотворка Dryocosmus kuriphilus, угрожающая семенному возобновлению Castanea sativa. Появление подобных пришельцев приводит к необходимости изучения и прогнозирования долговременных последствий трансформации лесных экосистем, осваиваемых инвазивными видами насекомых, в том числе, с позиции сохранения исконного биоразнообразия Кавказа.
The Northwest Caucasus is the most prominent among all border regions of Russia for the highest invasive pressure. It is facilitated by the southernmost geographic position, ecosystem diversity, and also by the presence of large sea ports joined by extensive transport infrastructure that provides high traffic. Since year 2000, populations of more than 30 alien phytophilous species of insects interrelated associated with arboreous and shrubby vegetation have been recorded in the region. Not less than 15 species of such invaders were registered in 2010–2016. Currently, consequences of the activity of three of these species have most significant impact on the native forest communities of the Russian Caucasus. Since 2012, the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, causes Buxus colchica extinction in the valleys of the Black Sea coast rivers, and it has also dispersed into the steppe zone of the region. The oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata, a North American polyphagous pest, appeared in Krasnodar Province in 2015 and now occupies about 2 million hectares. It has severely damaged the oak forests on more than 300 thousand hectares. Simultaneously in 2013–2014 a quarantine pest, Oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, invaded chestnut forests near Sochi, threatening efficiency of seed regeneration of Castanea sativa. Appearance of such pests requires an attention to the question of efficiency of control of transit of the biological materials through the southern borders of Russia.
Outstanding explorer of Siberian ecosystems (on the 90-th anniversary of Anatoliy Sergeevich Rozhkov)
Authors: Морозова Т.И. , Плешанов А.С. 
Published: September 2020

Приводится обзор научной и научно-организационной деятельности Анатолия Сергеевича Рожкова (1925–2005 гг.), выдающегося лесного энтомолога, лесопатолога, эколога, заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации, доктора биологических наук, профессора. Коллектив сформированной А.С. Рожковым лаборатории в Сибирском институте физиологии и биохимии растений СО РАН в г. Иркутске стоял в основе эколого-физиологического направления в отечественной лесной энтомологии, продолженной впоследствии красноярскими исследователями в Институте леса им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН. Основные работы, написанные А.С. Рожковым или вышедшие под его редакцией, включают сводки по вредителям лиственницы сибирской, особенностям морфологической и биохимической реакций хвойных на повреждения насекомыми и газовыми загрязнениями воздуха, систематике, анатомии и экологии основных вредителей сибирской лесов: сибирского шелкопряда, черного пихтового и лиственничного усачей. Приводится полная библиография работ А.С. Рожкова.
The article presents an overview of scientific and management activity of Anatoliy Sergeyevich Rozkov (1925–2005), Doctor of Science (Entomology), Professor, Honorary Scientist of the Russian Federation, an outstanding forest entomologist, plant pathologist, and forest ecologist. A team of the department created by A.S. Rozkov at the Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) in Irkutsk, was at the origin of physiological ecology of forest insects in Russia. Later on, this approach was carried on at the V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS in Krasnoyarsk. Major works written or edited by Rozkov are focused on Siberian larch pests, morphological and biochemical reaction of conifers to insect damage and industrial air pollution as well as systematic, anatomy, and ecology of the main pests of Siberian forests: Siberian moth, Fir sawyer beetle, and Altay sawyer beetle. Full bibliography of A.S. Rozkovs' publications is presented.
Benzylation and oxidation of arabinogalactan
Authors: Максимова Е.А. , Васильев А.В. 
Published: September 2020

Проведено бензилирование арабиногалактана путем его реакции с бензилхлоридом в присутствии гидроксида натрия. Получено бензилированное производное арабиногалактана с выходом 90%. Бензилированное производное представляет собой гидрофобный клееподобный невысыхающий материал. В спектре ЯМР 13С бензилированного производного арабиногалактана содержатся сигналы в областях 130,0–143,3 м.д., отвечающие ароматическим атомам углерода бензильной группы. Осуществлено окисление арабиногалактана путем его реакции с перекисью водорода в присутствии хлорида железа (III) в водном растворе. Окисленное производное представляет собой маслообразное вещество. В спектре ЯМР 13С окисленного арабиногалактана присутствуют сигналы в области 158–173 м.д., соответствующие карбоксильным группам.
Benzylation of arabinogalactan was carried by reaction with benzyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The benzylated derivative was obtained in a yield of 90%. Benzylated arabinogalactan is hydrophobic, glue-like, non-drying material. 13C NMR spectrum of benzylated arabinogalactan contains signals in the range of 130.0–143.2 ppm. corresponding to the aromatic carbon atoms of the benzyl group. The oxidation of arabinogalactan by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferric chloride (III) in aqueous solution was done. The oxidized arabinogalactan is an oilish material. 13C NMR spectrum of oxidized arabinogalactan contains signals at 158–173 ppm corresponding to carboxyl groups.