bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Vacancies Induced Plasmonic Effect for Realizing Broad‐Spectrum‐Driven Photocatalytic H2 Evolution over an S‐Scheme CdS/W18O49 Heterojunction
Authors: Liu Qinqin , He Xudong , Tao Junnan , Tang Hua , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBroad‐spectrum‐driven photocatalysis remains a challenging pursuit for light‐chemical energy conversion. Integrating plasmonic nanostructures with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect as light absorber onto photocatalyst can realize broad spectral response as well as promote light to energy conversion. Herein, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich W18O49 as plasmon antenna was coupled with CdS to form an S‐scheme CdS/W18O49 heterojunction demonstrating photocatalytic H2 generation activity under a broad‐spectrum light irradiation. Upon exposure to visible light, the CdS/W18O49 heterojunction illustrates the best photocatalytic H2 generation rate of 5.9 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 2.6 times higher than CdS; and its external quantum efficiency achieves 0.17% and 0.05% at 550 and 650 nm, respectively. This activity enhancement is attributed to the enhanced light‐harvesting ability and faster charge separation induced by the LSPR effect of the W18O49 plasmon with rich oxygen vacancies and S‐scheme transfer mechanism. This work will be beneficial to develop non‐metal plasmons assisted broad‐spectrum‐response photocatalysts.
A modified firefly algorithm based on neighborhood search
Authors: Yu Gan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFirefly algorithm (FA) is a new member of intelligent optimization algorithms. Several studies demonstrated that FA could successfully deal with several engineering and theoretical optimization problems. Nevertheless, there are some weak points in FA, such as parameter dependence and high computational complexity. To overcome the above issues, this paper proposes a modified FA based on neighborhood search (MFANS). In MFANS, there are three modifications. First, a modified attraction strategy is employed to reduce the complexity. Then, a neighborhood search method is used to search around the best neighborhood solutions. Third, the step parameter is dynamically adjusted. Performance of MFANS is compared with two improved FAs. Results show the effectiveness of MFANS.
Transparency of materiality analysis in GRI‐based sustainability reports
Authors: Machado Bianca Alves Almeida , Dias Lívia Cristina Pinto , Fonseca Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile materiality analysis is often regarded as essential to sustainability reporting, there is a shortage of empirical studies about its transparency in published reports. This study had a three‐fold objective: (a) identify stakeholders and respective techniques of engagement in the materiality analysis; (b) quantify disclosures of materiality‐related indicators; and (c) explore the influence of assurance, standard, and headquarters' location in the transparency of materiality analysis. Based on a quantitative content analysis of 140 GRI‐based sustainability reports, this study found that, overall, organizations did not disclose comprehensive and detailed information about their approaches to identifying material topics. About 22% of the evaluated indicators were not fully disclosed in the sample. Non‐parametric tests suggested that third‐party assurance, type of GRI standard, and location of headquarters are unlikely to affect the rates of transparency. The study calls for further standardization and methodological development of materiality analysis in sustainability reporting.
Interobserver agreement in programmed cell death‐ligand 1 immunohistochemistry scoring in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cytologic specimens
Authors: Sinclair William , Kobalka Peter , Ren Rongqin , Beshai Boulos , Lott Limbach Abberly A. , Wei Lai , Mei Ping , Li Zaibo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of PD‐L1 expression in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is becoming increasingly important given the effectiveness of PD‐L1 inhibitors. Although cytologic specimens have been shown to be compatible with surgical specimens to evaluate PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC), evidence of the reproducibility of PD‐L1 in cytologic specimens is lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate interobserver agreement in PD‐L1 IHC in cytologic specimens.MethodsPD‐L1 IHC was performed on 86 NSCLC cytology specimens using Dako PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. The digitally scanned whole slide images (WSI) were read by five pathologists. Each case was given a Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and the results were compared between the observers. The interobserver concordance was assessed using 1% and 50% as cutoffs.ResultsTPSs were highly correlated among observers (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.86‐0.94). Using greater than 1% as a cutoff, interobserver agreement measured by Fleiss Kappa was 0.74 for all pathologists and Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.49 to 0.83, consistent with moderate to substantial agreement. With a cutoff of greater than 50%, Fleiss Kappa was 0.79 for all pathologists and the kappa values ranged from 0.63 to 0.90, consistent with substantial to almost perfect agreement. Several pitfalls were identified by reviewing discordant cases, including staining in macrophages, stromal cells, and intratumoral heterogeneity.ConclusionOur data suggest that TPS of PD‐L1 IHC on cytology specimens is reproducible, with a better agreement when using 50% as the cutoff value. However, special attention is required when the TPS is near the 1% cutoff.
Enhancing Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy with ecological momentary interventions: A pilot trial
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Hunt Rowan A. , Lantz Lesser Elin , Engel Scott G. , Pisetsky Emily M. , Peterson Carol B. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough current treatments are effective for some patients with eating disorders, a large number of patients remain partially or fully symptomatic post‐treatment. This may be related to poor utilization of treatment skills outside of the therapy office. Smartphone applications that can detect and intervene during moments of need could facilitate such skill use between sessions.MethodIndividuals (N = 16) participated in a small pilot open trial where they received 21 sessions of in‐person Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy (ICAT) therapy an app (iCAT+) that delivers ecological momentary interventions (EMI) in response to user‐entered data. Data were collected on the feasibility and acceptability of this treatment approach and on preliminary indicators of treatment outcomes.ResultsParticipants found iCAT+ as a treatment augmentation acceptable and indicated it had clinical utility as an adjunct to in‐person therapy, although analyses indicated poor compliance with data entry needed to trigger EMI delivery. This suggests that long‐term use of EMI requiring ongoing data entry is infeasible.ConclusionsWe describe lessons learned from our initial pilot trial and future directions for the development of impactful EMI systems that can be used to augment in‐person therapies.
Microplastic Addition Alters the Microbial Community Structure and Stimulates Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Vegetable-Growing Soil
Authors: Gao Bo , Yao Huaiying , Li Yaying , Zhu Yizu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become an increasingly pervasive issue worldwide, but little is known about its effects on the soil environment. A soil microcosm experiment was conducted using low-density polyethylene microplastics to estimate the effect of microplastic pollution on soil nutrient cycling and the soil microbial community structure. The results showed that microplastic addition significantly promoted soil carbon dioxide emissions but not soil nitrous oxide emissions. Soil pH, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, the contents of total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and the ratios of gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria and saturated to monounsaturated PLFAs significantly increased. In addition, nitrate nitrogen and the ratios of fungi to bacteria, total iso-branched fatty acids to total anteiso-branched fatty acids, and cyclopropyl to precursor significantly decreased with increasing microplastic addition. The addition of microplastics decreased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite reductase (nirS) but had little effect on the functional genes of ammonia oxidizing archaea, nitrite reductase (nirK), and nitrous oxide reductase. A principal coordinate analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer in the microplastic addition treatments revealed that the bacterial and fungal communities formed an obvious cluster. The average abundance of some microbial species with tolerance and degradability to microplastics, such as Nocardioidaceae, Amycolatopsis, Aeromicrobium, Cytophagaceae, Betaproteobacteria, Rhodoplanes, and Mortierella, in the microplastic addition treatments was significantly higher than that of the control treatment. The results suggested that microplastics have obvious influences on microbial communities and may affect global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:352–365. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Plastic debris from degradation of plastic mulching have caused serious soil environmental problems. Microplastic pollution has obvious influences on soil microbial communities and may affect global carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the risk of leukemia after childhood cancer: An international pooled analysis
Authors: Allodji Rodrigue S. , Tucker Margaret A. , Hawkins Michael M. , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Veres Cristina , Weathers Rita , Howell Rebecca , Winter Dave , Haddy Nadia , Rubino Carole , Diallo Ibrahima , Little Mark P. , Morton Lindsay M. , de Vathaire Florent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChildhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for second primary leukemia (SPL), but there is little consensus on the magnitude of some risk factors because of the small size of previous studies. We performed a pooled analysis of all published studies with detailed treatment data, including estimated active bone marrow (ABM) dose received during radiation therapy and doses of specific chemotherapeutic agents for childhood cancer diagnosed from 1930 through 2000, in order to more thoroughly investigate treatment‐related risks of SPL. A total of 147 SPL cases (of which 69% were acute myeloid leukemia [AML]) were individually matched to 522 controls, all from four case‐control studies including patients from six countries (France, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Italy and Netherlands). Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression, and the excess OR per Gray (EOR/Gy) was also calculated. After accounting for the other therapies received, topoisomerase II inhibitor was associated with an increased SPL risk (highest tertile vs none: OR = 10.0, 95% CI: 3.7‐27.3). Radiation dose to the ABM was also associated with increased SPL risk among those not receiving chemotherapy (EOR/Gy = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.1‐14.3), but not among those who received chemotherapy (CT). SPL were most likely to occur in the first decade following cancer treatment. Results were similar when analyses were restricted to AML. The evidence of interaction between radiation and CT has implications for leukemogenic mechanism. The results for topoisomerase II inhibitors are particularly important given their increasing use to treat childhood cancer.
Groundwater contribution to transpiration of trees under wet and dry soil conditions*
Authors: Tfwala C.M. , van Rensburg L.D. , Bello Z.A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to partition tree T under shallow groundwater table conditions into groundwater (Tgw) and soil water (Tsw). Three indigenous trees growing in lysimeters were installed with the compensation heat pulse velocity method to measure stem sap flow half‐hourly. Soil water content was monitored using HydraSCOUT probes. A groundwater table of 20 cm depth was maintained, and daily water replenishment to maintain a constant groundwater table was monitored using a graduated automatic supply bucket system. The contribution of Tgw towards total T for the investigated trees ranged from 31% when the topsoil was wet to 97% when it was dry. The contribution of Tsw ranged from 3% when the topsoil was dry to 69% after an irrigation event. It was concluded that trees switch to source water from superficial soil layers when the topsoil is wet and from groundwater during dry conditions.
A high molecular weight hyaluronic acid biphasic dispersion as potential therapeutics for interstitial cystitis
Authors: Rooney Peadar R. , Kannala Vijaya Krishna , Kotla Niranjan G. , Benito Ana , Dupin Damien , Loinaz Iraida , Quinlan Leo R. , Rochev Yury , Pandit Abhay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterstitial cystitis (IC) is a progressive bladder disease characterized by increased urothelial permeability, inflammation of the bladder with abdominal pain. While there is no consensus on the etiology of the disease, it was believed that restoring the barrier between urinary solutes and (GAG) urothelium would interrupt the progression of this disease. Currently, several treatment options include intravesical delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) and/or chondroitin sulfate solutions, through a catheter to restore the urothelial barrier, but have shown limited success in preclinical, clinical trials. Herein we report for the first time successful engineering and characterization of biphasic system developed by combining cross‐linked hyaluronic acid and naïve HA solution to decrease inflammation and permeability in an in vitro model of interstitial cystitis. The cross‐linking of HA was performed by 4‐arm‐polyethyeleneamine chemistry. The HA formulations were tested for their viscoelastic properties and the effects on cell metabolism, inflammatory markers, and permeability. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of different ratios of the biphasic system and reports their ability to increase the barrier effect by decreasing the permeability and alteration of cell metabolism with respect to relative controls. Restoring the barrier by using biphasic system of HA therapy may be a promising approach to IC.
Cationic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography distinguishes between reparative, degenerative, and healthy equine articular cartilage
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Lawson Taylor B. , Patwa Amit N. , Snyder Brian D. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Grinstaff Mark W. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Kawcak Chris E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCationic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is a quantitative imaging technique that characterizes articular cartilage, though its efficacy in differentiating repair tissue from other disease states is undetermined. We hypothesized that cationic CECT attenuation will distinguish between reparative, degenerative, and healthy equine articular cartilage and will reflect biochemical, mechanical, and histologic properties. Chondral defects were created in vivo on equine femoropatellar joint surfaces. Within defects, calcified cartilage was retained (Repair 1) or removed (Repair 2). At sacrifice, plugs were collected from within defects, and at locations bordering (adjacent site) and remote to defects along with site‐matched controls. Articular cartilage was analyzed via CECT using CA4+ to assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, compressive modulus (E
eq), and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histologic score. Comparisons of variables were made between sites using mixed model analysis and between variables with correlations. Cationic CECT attenuation was significantly lower in Repair 1 (1478 ± 333 Hounsfield units [HUs]), Repair 2 (1229 ± 191 HUs), and adjacent (2139 ± 336 HUs) sites when compared with site‐matched controls (2587 ± 298, 2505 ± 184, and 2563 ± 538 HUs, respectively; all p < .0001). Cationic CECT attenuation was significantly higher at remote sites (2928 ± 420 HUs) compared with Repair 1, Repair 2, and adjacent sites (all p < .0001). Cationic CECT attenuation correlated with ICRS II score (r = .79), GAG (r = .76), and E
eq (r = .71; all p < .0001). Cationic CECT distinguishes between reparative, degenerative, and healthy articular cartilage and highly correlates with biochemical, mechanical, and histological tissue properties.
Glycerol chlorination reaction mechanism
Authors: Nogueira Diogo , Oliveira Ricardo R. , Rocha Alexandre B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new reaction mechanism for the glycerol chlorination is proposed. This mechanism is based on theoretical calculations within density functional theory combined with polarizable continuum model . Two possibilities were investigated, the first is the SN2 chlorination forming mono‐ and dichlorinated products and the second one is through an ester intermediate formed by glycerol esterification in the presence of acetic acid as catalyst. Our results indicate that the first chlorination reaction can occur in the absence of the catalyst and the main product is 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (1‐MCP). The inhibitory role of water in the second chlorination is also revealed, that is, water formation suppresses the second chlorination when reaction is conducted in the absence of a carboxylic acid. In the presence of the catalyst, oxonium species are formed as reaction intermediates and the main products are 1‐MCP and 1,3‐dichloropropan‐2‐ol (1,3‐DCP). Our results are in agreement with the experimental data, which indicate that the 1,3‐DCP is the main product when an acid catalyst is employed and, also, there is no significant formation of 2‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol and 1,2‐dichloropropan‐3‐ol .
High‐resolution distribution pattern of surface water nitrous oxide along a cruise track from the Okhotsk Sea to the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhan Liyang , Zhang Jiexia , Ouyang Zhangxian , Lei Ruibo , Xu Suqing , Qi Di , Gao Zhongyong , Sun Heng , Li Yuhong , Wu Man , Liu Jian , Chen Liqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNitrous oxide in the surface water was measured using an automatic underway system, along with measurements of surface water pCO2, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and sea ice coverage, along a cruise track through the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea to the Canadian Basin during the 7th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results show that, overall, the regions along the cruise track are net sources of N2O to the atmosphere. Several N2O oversaturation maxima were observed along the cruise track, with an absolute maximum of approximately 60%. According to the hydrographic setting and the distribution patterns of pCO2, dissolved oxygen, and sea ice coverage in the study area, it was concluded that the N2O oversaturation maxima may result from hydrographic processes, such as mixing of different water masses, upwelling or convection, and possible production beneath the sea ice. Additionally, the lowest value of approximately 90% may result from dilution related to the melting of sea ice. An evaluation of the air–sea flux along the cruise track shows that the continental shelf and upwelling region are N2O sources, whereas the study area in the open Arctic Ocean does not show obvious source or sink characteristics.
Long‐term changes in trophic ecology of blue mussels in a rapidly changing ecosystem
Authors: Liénart Camilla , Garbaras Andrius , Qvarfordt Susanne , Sysoev Anton Öberg , Höglander Helena , Walve Jakob , Schagerström Ellen , Eklöf Johan , Karlson Agnes ML 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOcean climate change strongly affects organisms and ecosystems, and the causes, consequences, and underlying mechanisms need to be documented. In the Baltic Sea, a marginal sea under severe eutrophication stress, a longer productive season, and changes in the phytoplankton community over the last few decades have likely impacted diet and condition of keystone species, from individual to population level. This study uses stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and derived isotope niche metrics) to trace energy and nutrient flows in archived samples of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) spanning 24 yr (1993–2016). We test if long‐term changes in isotope and elemental composition in mussels, as well as population abundance and biomass, can be explained by changes in abiotic and biotic variables, using partial least square regressions and structural equation modeling. We found decreasing trends in δ13C and δ15N as well as in mean size and total biomass of mussels, but no unidirectional changes in their stoichiometry or condition index. Changes in isotope composition were best explained by nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria, by increased terrestrial organic carbon from land runoff (reflecting precipitation) and by decreases in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (indicative of successful eutrophication mitigation) and in biomass of a mixotrophic ciliate species. The trophic niche (assessed from isotope niche) was included as the best predictor for both mussel body condition and the observed decline in their total biomass. This study reveals that altered trophic relationships from climate‐induced changes in the productivity base may strongly impact keystone species, with potential knock‐on effects on ecosystem functions.
Correlates of Psychological Distress in Patients with Parkinson's Disease During the COVID‐19 Outbreak
Authors: De Micco Rosa , Siciliano Mattia , Sant'Elia Valeria , Giordano Alfonso , Russo Antonio , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Tessitore Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundFollowing the severe consequences of the COVID‐19 outbreak, on March 9, 2020, the Italian government implemented extraordinary measures to limit viral transmission, including restrictive quarantine measures. This resulted in a rapid and profound change of people's daily lives.ObjectiveWe assessed the psychological impact of the 40‐day quarantine in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and caregivers. Moreover, we analyzed whether prelockdown clinical features may be associated with subjective response of patients with PD to this traumatic event.MethodsA total of 94 patients with PD were enrolled in the study. The Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the 12‐item Zarit Burden Inventory were obtained from patients and caregivers by email. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine whether prelockdown clinical motor and nonmotor features were associated with the psychological impact of lockdown.ResultsRegression analyses showed that prelockdown levels of anxiety, treatment‐related motor complications, patients' quality of life, and lockdown hours per day were significantly associated with psychological impact measures of the 40‐day quarantine. In addition, we showed that caregiver burden was correlated with overall patient autonomy and attention/memory impairment.ConclusionsWe identified specific PD motor and nonmotor features potentially predisposing to higher psychological impact of stressful situations, such as quarantine. This may help guide postpandemic interventions and preventive strategies to avoid further impairment of psychological well‐being in patients with PD.