bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alertness-based subject-dependent and subject-independent filter optimization for improving classification efficiency of SSVEP detection
Authors: Cao Lei , Fan Chunjiang , Wang Zijian , Hou Lusong , Wang Haoran , Li Gang 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Mental task-based brain computer interface (BCI) systems are usually developed for neural prostheses technologies and medical rehabilitation. The mental workload was too heavy for the user to manipulate BCI effectively. Fortunately, electroencephalography (EEG) signal is not only used for BCI control but also relates to the changes of mental states. OBJECTIVE: We proposed a novel method for identifying non-effective trials of Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP)-based BCI. METHODS: We used the subject-dependent and subject-independent alertness models identifying non-effective trials of SSVEP-BCI systems. RESULTS: The result implied that the subject-dependent alertness model was most useful for improving the classification accuracy in the task. However, the subject-independent alertness model could enhance the prediction ability of SSVEP-based BCI system. CONCLUSION: In comparison to the conventional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method without alertness-model filtering, the raise of precision was valuable for the technical development of BCI works. It demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed subject-dependent and subject-independent methods.
Predictive models of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy based on support vector machine algorithm
Authors: Yang Lin , Sun Ge , Wang Anran , Jiang Hongqing , Zhang Song , Yang Yimin , Li Xuwen , Hao Dongmei , Xu Mingzhou , Shao Jing 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: The risk factors of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) could be summarized into three categories: clinical epidemiological factors, hemodynamic factors and biochemical factors. OBJECTIVE: To establish models for early prediction and intervention of HDP. METHODS: This study used the three types of risk factors and support vector machine (SVM) to establish prediction models of HDP at different gestational weeks. RESULTS: The average accuracy of the model was gradually increased when the pregnancy progressed, especially in the late pregnancy 28–34 weeks and [Formula: see text] 35 weeks, it reached more than 92%. CONCLUSION: Multi-risk factors combined with dynamic gestational weeks’ prediction of HDP based on machine learning was superior to static and single-class conventional prediction methods. Multiple continuous tests could be performed from early pregnancy to late pregnancy.
Digital image technology based on PCA and SVM for detection and recognition of foreign bodies in lyophilized powder
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Luo Yingchun , Deng Xudong , Luo Weinan 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Digital image technology has made great progress in the field of foreign body detection and classification, which is of great help to drug purity extraction and impurity analysis and classification. OBJECTIVE: The detection and classification of foreign bodies in lyophilized powder are important. The method which can obtain a higher accuracy of recognition needs to be proposed. METHODS: We used digital image technology to detect and classify foreign bodies in lyophilized powder, and studied the process of image preprocessing, median filtering, Wiener filtering and average filtering balance to better detect and classify foreign bodies in lyophilized powder. RESULTS: Through industrial small sample data simulation, test results show that in the process of image preprocessing, 3 [Formula: see text] 3 median filtering is best. In the aspect of foreign body recognition, the recognition based on principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and the recognition based on PCA and Third-Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm are compared and results show that the PCA[Formula: see text]SVM algorithm is better. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that integrating PCA and SVM to classify foreign bodies in lyophilized powder. Our proposed method is effective for the prediction of essential proteins.
Pilots’ mental workload prediction based on timeline analysis
Authors: Liu Chengping , Wanyan Xiaoru , Xiao Xu , Zhao Jingquan , Duan Ya 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: The aircraft cockpit is a highly intensive human-computer interaction system, and its design directly affects flight safety. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the display interface design in complex flight tasks, the present study aimed to propose a dynamic conceptual framework and a timeline task analysis method for the quantization of the dynamic time effect of mental workload and the influencing factors of task types in the mental workload prediction model. METHODS: The multi-factor mental workload prediction model based on attention resource allocation was integrated to establish the dynamic prediction model of mental workload. The ergonomics simulation experiment was carried out by recording the data on the performance of embedded subtasks, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) subjective evaluation, and eye tracking. RESULTS: The results indicated that the prediction model had a good prediction accuracy and effectiveness under different simulated interfaces and complex tasks, and the real-time monitoring of pilots’ mental workload state was realized. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prediction model and the experimental method could be applied to avoid the overload of the pilot throughout the flight phase by optimizing the display interface and adjusting the flight task.
Effect of the warming and tonifying kidney- yang recipe on monoamine neurotransmitters and pathological morphology of hippocampus tissue in depression model rats
Authors: Peng Yangzhi , Su Yue , Jiang Yong 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of warming and tonifying kidney-yang recipe (WTKYR) in the treatment of depression. METHODS: SD rats were divided into a control group, model group, WTKYR group, and fluoxetine group. Each group consisted of 21 rats. The chronic unpredictable mild stress model was used. Body weighing and SPT were performed regularly. After treatment, histopathology of the brain tissue was performed, and concentrations of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), NE (norepinephrine), and DA (dopamine) in the hippocampus were determined. RESULTS: The WTKYR group showed higher body weight and sucrose consumption than the control groups. Moreover, the concentrations of 5-HT, NE, and DA in the hippocampus were significantly different in the WTKYR group in comparison to those in the other groups. The hippocampus histomorphology of the WTKYR group exhibited less dematous pyramidal cells and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: The treatment effect of WTKYR in depression may be based on improvement in the content of 5-HT, NE, and DA in the hippocampus, extenuating edema of the cortical surface and pyramidal cells and decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells into hippocampus tissue.
The effect of external voltage stimulation on absence seizures
Authors: Hu Bing , Wang Dingjiang , Shi Qianqian 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Absence epilepsy (AE) is a systemic disease of the brain, which mainly occurs during childhood and adolescence. The control mechanism is still unclear, and few theoretical studies have been conducted to investigate this. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we employed external direct voltage stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus to explore mechanisms that inhibit absence seizures. METHODS: All simulation results are obtained by the four-order Runge-Kutta method in the MATLAB environment. The inhibition mechanism can be inferred from the results. RESULTS: We found that the seizures may be inhibited by tuning the strength of the voltage to suitable ranges. This regulation may be achieved through the competition between the inhibitory projections from the basal ganglia to the thalamus. CONCLUSION: Because the mechanism underlying the treatment of epilepsy with a uniform direct current electric field is unclear, we hope that these results can inspire further experimental studies.
Analysis of behavioral disability and construction of a disability scale for the elderly in Shanghai
Authors: Shao Zeguo , Xiang Yuhong , Yan Mina , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: With the gradual aging of China’s population development, the number of disabled elderly has increased significantly. OBJECTIVE: In order to better solve the problem of life care for these elderly people, it is necessary to conduct in-depth and detailed research on the specific conditions of disabled elderly people, in order to differentiate different conditions for care and set appropriate insurance provisions. METHODS: Based on the detailed analysis of the basic behavioral ability of the elderly, and referring to the International Disability standards, this paper refines the three basic living ability indicators of physiological behavior, cognitive behavior and interpersonal behavior, and integrates the cultural elements of assimilation, continuity, fusion and cohesion with Chinese characteristics. A more systematic and perfect five-level disability scale which conforms to the national conditions of China is designed. RESULTS: The disability of the elderly in Shanghai was investigated with the newly constructed scale, and a detailed analysis and five-level division were made. CONCLUSION: Experiments show that the results of this study can more effectively establish the disability level of the elderly in China.
Comparison of quantitative measurements of four manufacturer’s metal artifact reduction techniques for CT imaging with a self-made acrylic phantom
Authors: Chou Ryan , Chi Hung-Yi , Lin Yi-Hung , Ying Liu-Kuo , Chao Yu-Ju , Lin Cheng-Hsun 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Metal artifact reduction (MAR) techniques can improve metal artifacts of computed tomography (CT) images. OBJECTIVE: This work focused on conducting a quantitative analysis to compare the effectiveness of four commercial MAR techniques on three types of metal implants (hip implant, spinal implant, and dental filling) with a self-made acrylic phantom. METHODS: A cylindrical phantom was made from acrylic with a groove in the middle, and then three types of metal implants were placed in the groove. The phantom was scanned by four CT scanners and four commercialized MAR techniques were used to analyze the images. The techniques used were single-energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR, Canon), smart metal artifact reduction software (Smart-MAR, GE), iterative metal artifact reduction (IMAR, Siemens), and metal artifact reduction for orthopedic implants (OMAR, Philips). Quantitative analysis methods included objective and subjective analysis. RESULTS: The expected value of SEMAR, Smart-MAR, IMAR, and OMAR were 36.6, 37.8, 5.0, and 2.3, respectively. SEMAR and Smart-MAR achieved optimal results. CONCLUSION: This study successfully evaluated the effects of four commercial MAR techniques on three types of metal implants in a phantom. All MAR techniques effectively reduced metal artifacts, but the effect was not significant with dental fillings due to high-density material.
Study on an efficient hyper-chaos-based image encryption scheme using global bit permutation
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Lu Zhiying , Li Min 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: The chaotic system with low dimensions has a low security compared to the high-dimensional chaotic system. Furthermore, major pixel-level permutations merely transform the pixel position and cannot change the intensity distribution of the original image. Bit-level permutation could change the intensity distribution, as it devotes more time to conduct bit-level computation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we present a more efficient image encryption approach based on hyper-chaos and a global bit cycle shift (HC-GBCS). METHODS: According to the input image we adopted the SHA-256 secure hash algorithm to obtain the initial key, which served as the premier parameter of the chaotic system. Then we employed a 4D hyper-chaotic system for generating the chaotic series, on which we utilized global bit permutation to enhance the security of the encryption system. Finally, the diffusion process was conducted by using the generated chaotic series extended with a logistic map. RESULTS: Experimental results and analysis reveal that the presented approach encrypts plain images effectively and achieves high security and stability. CONCLUSION: The proposed method can deal with the problems inherently existing in encryption methods utilizing low-dimensional chaotic map. Furthermore, global bit permutation can transform the pixel distribution of plain images and enhance the cryptosystem security.
Development of an fMRI-compatible driving simulator with simultaneous measurement of physiological and kinematic signals: The multi-biosignal measurement system for driving (MMSD)
Authors: Kim Hyung-Sik , Mun Kyung-Ryoul , Choi Mi-Hyun , Chung Soon-Cheol 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: A system that comprehensively analyzes a complex perceptual-motor behavior such as driving, by measuring changes in the central and autonomic nervous systems integrated with measurement of changes in vehicle operation, is lacking. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible driving simulator to enable simultaneous measurement of physiological, kinematic, and brain activations. METHODS: The system mainly comprises a driving simulator and physiological/kinematic measurement. The driving simulator comprises a steering wheel, an accelerator, a brake pedal, and a virtual-reality optical system. The physiological system comprises a skin-conductance-level and a photoplethysmographic meter. The kinematic system comprises a 3-axis accelerometer and a 2-axis gyroscope attached to the accelerator foot. To evaluate the influence of the MR system on the MMSD, physiological and kinematic signals were measured. RESULTS: The system did not blur or deform the MR image. Moreover, the main magnetic field, the gradient magnetic field, and the RF pulse of the MR system did not introduce noise into the physiological or kinematic signals. CONCLUSION: This system can enable a comprehensive evaluation of cognitively complex behaviors such as driving, by quantitatively measuring and analyzing concurrent brain activity, autonomic nervous system activity, and human movement during simulated driving.
Differences in reproducibility of gait variability and fractal dynamics according to walking duration
Authors: Choi Jin-Seung , Seo Jeong-Woo , Lee Jin-Soo , Kim Jung-Gil , Cho Jun-Hyeong , Tack Gye-Rae 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Gait variability and fractal dynamics may be affected by the walking duration. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the reproducibility of stride time while walking on a self-paced treadmill. METHODS: Fifteen young and healthy subjects walked on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Three to eight minutes duration of the data were used to compare the trial-to-trial and day-to-day reproducibility of the average, variability, and fractal dynamics of stride time. RESULTS: The results show that all variables had high trial-to-trial reproducibility. In the day-to-day results, the average walking speed and mean stride time showed reproducibility without regard for duration, but the variability and gait fractal dynamics showed differences in reproducibility according to duration. The variability and fractal dynamics showed better reproducibility in less than 5 minutes and over time, respectively. However, both variables generally showed improved reproducibility when average data from two to three rounds were used. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is proposed that variability should be examined using data of 5 min or less, and fractal dynamics should be examined using 5 min or more of repeated data when performing walking tests from a gait dynamics perspective.
Characteristics of physiological data during asymmetric gait of healthy subjects using a two-belt treadmill
Authors: Song Seong-Mi , Heo Min , Oh Seung-Yong , Kim Kyong , Kwon Tae-Kyu 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Mobile rehabilitation systems for patients with gait disorder are being developed. Safety functions to prevent patients from falling are considered during product development; however, few studies have been conducted on systems that have been prevalidated for healthy adults prior to application to patients. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the characteristics of lower extremity muscles and foot pressure in healthy adults during unbalanced walking with differences in the speed of left and right speed using a two-belt treadmill. METHODS: Twenty subjects performed gait motions with a difference in the weight support conditions (0% and 30%) and the left and right lower limb speeds (1–3 km/h). Each subject’s muscular activities and foot pressure signals were collected. The gait patterns of the faster side exhibit similar characteristics to the paralyzed leg, and the slower side is similar to the non-paralyzed leg. RESULTS: Weight-supporting healthy subjects showed asymmetric gait patterns, similar to hemiplegic patients, because of the difference in the speed of the left and right side. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative results can be used to develop a training protocol for two-belt treadmills with differently controlled left and right speeds for gait rehabilitation in hemiplegic patients.
A preliminary in vivo study of a method for measuring magneto-acoustic sonic source under electrical stimulation
Authors: Zhang Shunqi , Ma Ren , Zhou Xiaoqing , Yin Tao , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Stimulating current distribution in the tissue is unknown due to the complex distribution. OBJECTIVE: A preliminary in vivo measurement of the magneto-acoustic (MA) signal of the human finger is performed in this study. The approach for locating the magneto-acoustic source of the stimulating current is studied. METHODS: We use a lock-in amplifier to measure the MA signal under continuous wave electrical stimulation. The phase of the MA signal is used to extract the location of the sonic source. The experimental system is designed to measure the MA signal under electrical stimulation. RESULTS: Preliminary experiments results show that the amplitude precision is improved to less than 1 [Formula: see text]Pa. The sonic source is located with millimetre precision. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a new MA source-locating method with high measurement and location precision. This method will be significant to the study of the imaging and monitoring of the current distribution of electrical stimulation with high precision.
Study on injection molding analysis of glasses-type wearable device for facial skin care
Authors: Shin Mi Yeon , Chong Woo Suk , Kim Kyong , Yu Chang Ho 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: With the improvement in the standard of living, there has been increasing interest in facial skin care. In particular, it has been observed that people pay extra attention to eye-skin when they visit skin care parlors for special treatment and care. OBJECTIVE: There is a need for skin care devices that would enable convenient skin care anywhere, including at home and on the move. In this research, we developed a prototype of a glasses-type skin care device with a LED (Light-Emitting Diode) irradiation function and performed injection molding analysis of the skin care device model for mass production. METHODS: First, the product was designed using a universal design to improve the wearability of the glasses-type skin care device. The first prototype of the skin care device was produced using an integrated LED optical module capable of irradiating at three LED wavelengths to investigate the structural function of the product. The prototype was classified into three mechanisms and injection molding analysis was performed. The fill time, temperature at flow front, injection pressure, clamp force, and deflection values were analyzed according to the appropriate number and location of gates into which the PC [Formula: see text] PBT (Polycarbonate [Formula: see text] Polybutylene terephthalate) resin was introduced. RESULTS: We found that all the other parts except the temple section of the device were inferior in moldability. CONCLUSION: In further studies, the 3D prototype will be modified to enhance moldability, and injection molding analysis with other materials as well as with PC [Formula: see text] PBT resin will be performed.
Quantitative measures of postural tremor at the upper limb joints in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Kwon Do-Young , Kwon Yu-Ri , Choi Yoon-Hyeok , Eom Gwang-Moon , Ko Junghyuk , Kim Ji-Won 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: It is important to quantitatively assess tremor for accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the response to interventions in patients with essential tremor (ET). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quantitative measures of postural tremor and clinical rating scale in patients with ET. METHODS: 18 ET patients performed a postural tremor task that required them to hold their arms outstretched parallel to the floor while wearing a gyro sensor based measurement system. The time domain variables were derived from the sensor signals. Additionally, the frequency domain variables were derived from the power spectrum of the angular velocity signal. Spearman correlation analysis was employed in the relationship between the variables and clinical score. RESULTS: The RMS angular velocity of roll and yaw directions at the hand joint were strongly correlated with the clinical rating scale ([Formula: see text] 0.7, [Formula: see text] 0.01). Similarly, the peak power of roll and yaw directions at the hand joint were moderately correlated with the clinical rating scale ([Formula: see text] 0.61 and [Formula: see text] 0.67, [Formula: see text] 0.01). In contrast, no significant correlation coefficients were observed in the peak frequency ([Formula: see text] 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that hand tremor of roll and yaw directions are more associated with assessment of severity of ET compared to other joints. This study suggests that quantitative measurements of postural tremor should be considered as tremor directionality as well as attachment location.
La declaración de París-2005:
Authors: Larrú Ramos José María 
Published: April 2020

El artículo analiza los principios de eﬁcacia de la ayuda al desarrollo que han sido renovados en el Foro de Alto Nivel de París en marzo de 2005. Los cinco principios son comentados y analizados de forma crítica resaltando los principales problemas que deben afrontar los países donantes y socios, tanto en su dimensión agregada o macro de estrategias nacionales de lucha contra la pobreza, como en su dimensión micro o de proyectos. En la dimensión micro se describen algunos de los principales retos que la Declaración de París supone para el trabajo de las ONGD, tal como lo han venido desempeñando hasta la ahora. La óptica del análisis se centra en los trabajos de evaluación y cómo éstos pueden rediseñarse para afrontar los retos futuros.