bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory Compensation Strategies in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lin Pinghsiu , LaMonica Haley M. , Naismith Sharon L. , Mowszowski Loren 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectives:With the rapid growth of the older population worldwide, understanding how older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) use memory strategies to mitigate cognitive decline is important. This study investigates differences between amnestic and nonamnestic MCI subtypes in memory strategy use in daily life, and how factors associated with cognition, general health, and psychological well-being might relate to strategy use.Methods:One hundred forty-eight participants with MCI (mean age = 67.9 years, SD = 8.9) completed comprehensive neuropsychological, medical, and psychological assessments, and the self-report ‘Memory Compensation Questionnaire’. Correlational and linear regression analyses were used to explore relationships between memory strategy use and cognition, general health, and psychological well-being.Results:Memory strategy use does not differ between MCI subtypes (p > .007) despite higher subjective everyday memory complaints in those with amnestic MCI (p = .03). The most marked finding showed that increased reliance-type strategy use was significantly correlated with more subjective memory complaints and poorer verbal learning and memory (p < .01) in individuals with MCI. Moreover, fewer subjective memory complaints and better working memory significantly predicted (p < .05) less reliance strategy use, respectively, accounting for 10.6% and 5.3% of the variance in the model.Conclusions:In general, the type of strategy use in older adults with MCI is related to cognitive functioning. By examining an individual’s profile of cognitive dysfunction, a clinician can provide more personalized clinical recommendations regarding strategy use to individuals with MCI, with the aim of maintaining their day-to-day functioning and self-efficacy in daily life.
Efficacy of Postacute Neuropsychological Rehabilitation for Patients with Acquired Brain Injuries is Maintained in the Long-Term
Authors: Shany-Ur Tal , Bloch Ayala , Salomon-Shushan Tali , Bar-Lev Narkis , Sharoni Limor , Hoofien Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectives:We examined the long-term maintenance of treatment outcomes in patients with acquired brain injuries who participated in community-based neuropsychological rehabilitation (NR) programs, in a prospective, within-subject, longitudinal, partial double-blind cohort study.Methods:One hundred forty-three patients (39 females, mean age 33.5 years) who had experienced a brain injury (BI) (mean time since injury 3.95 years) were referred to a postacute community-based NR institute. Patients participated in one of the three programs aimed at improving their functional outcome: comprehensive–holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation, vocational-focused neuropsychological rehabilitation, and individual neuropsychological rehabilitation. Self-reported data regarding employment, community integration, perceived quality of life (PQoL), and mood were collected at program start and end, and annually for 3 years post program completion. Group placement was based on clinical considerations, such that the study did not aim to compare the programs, but rather to assess their long-term benefits.Results:Employment status and stability, community integration, and PQoL improved significantly after program completion and continued to improve for the following 3 years. The proportion of individuals with mood disturbances did not change during or after the programs.Conclusions:A clear consensus regarding BI rehabilitation is that long-term maintenance of treatment outcomes is imperative to its efficacy. Our findings suggest that postacute NR programs provide participants with various tools, skills, and psychological perspectives that they continue to gain from and generalize to real life after program completion, reflecting transformational processes with stable long-term benefits.
Individual Alpha Peak Frequency Moderates Transfer of Learning in Cognitive Remediation of Schizophrenia
Authors: Castelluccio B.C. , Kenney J.G. , Johannesen J.K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Meta-analyses report moderate effects across cognitive remediation (CR) trials in schizophrenia. However, individual responses are variable, with some participants showing no appreciable gain in cognitive performance. Furthermore, reasons for heterogeneous outcome are undetermined. We examine the extent to which CR outcome is attributable to near learning—direct gains in trained cognitive tasks—while also exploring factors influencing far transfer of gains during training to external cognitive measures.Method:Thirty-seven schizophrenia outpatients were classified as CR responders and non-responders according to change in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery composite score following 20 sessions of computer-based training. Metrics of near learning during training, as well as baseline demographic, clinical, cognitive, and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures, were examined as predictors of responder status.Results:Significant post-training improvement in cognitive composite score (Cohen’s d = .41) was observed across the sample, with n = 21 and n = 16 classified as responders and non-responders, respectively. Near learning was evidenced by significant improvement on each training exercise with practice; however, learning did not directly predict responder status. Group-wise comparison of responders and non-responders identified two factors favoring responders: higher EEG individual alpha frequency (IAF) and lower antipsychotic dosing. Tested in moderation analyses, IAF interacted with learning to predict improvement in cognitive outcome.Conclusion:CR outcome in schizophrenia is not directly explained by learning during training and appears to depend on latent factors influencing far transfer of trained abilities. Further understanding of factors influencing transfer of learning is needed to optimize CR efficacy.
LARGE FIELDS IN DIFFERENTIAL GALOIS THEORY
Authors: Bachmayr Annette , Harbater David , Hartmann Julia , Pop Florian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe solve the inverse differential Galois problem over differential fields with a large field of constants of infinite transcendence degree over $\mathbb{Q}$. More generally, we show that over such a field, every split differential embedding problem can be solved. In particular, we solve the inverse differential Galois problem and all split differential embedding problems over$\mathbb{Q}_{p}(x)$.
Collective Optimism and Selection Against Male Twins in Utero
Authors: Catalano Ralph A. , Goldman-Mellor Sidra , Karasek Deborah A. , Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan A. , Elser Holly , Bruckner Tim A. , Hartig Terry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractScholarly literature claims that health declines in populations when optimism about investing in the future wanes. This claim leads us to describe collective optimism as a predictor of selection in utero. Based on the literature, we argue that the incidence of suicide gauges collective optimism in a population and therefore willingness to invest in the future. Using monthly data from Sweden for the years 1973–2016, we test the hypothesis that the incidence of suicide among women of child-bearing age correlates inversely with male twin births, an indicator of biological investment in high-risk gestations. We find that, as predicted by our theory, the incidence of suicide at month t varies inversely with the ratio of twin to singleton male births at month t + 3. Our results illustrate the likely sensitivity of selection in utero to change in the social environment and so the potential for viewing collective optimism as a component of public health infrastructure.
Periodontal treatment and peripheral arterial disease severity	– a retrospective analysis of health insurance claims	data
Authors: Aarabi Ghazal , Raedel Michael , Kreutzburg Thea , Hischke Sandra , Debus Eike Sebastian , Marschall Ursula , Seedorf Udo , Behrendt Christian-Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Summary: Background: Although epidemiological data suggest an association between periodontitis (PD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), it is currently unclear whether treatment of PD influences the severity of PAD. Patients and methods: Whether periodontal treatment is associated with PAD disease severity was examined by analysing health insurance claims data of patients insured by the German health insurance fund, BARMER, between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016. The presence of PAD was determined in individuals using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th revision codes for intermittent claudication (IC) or chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Treatment of PD was assessed by adequate ambulatory coding for non-surgical and surgical treatment of PD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PAD stages and periodontal treatment, adjusted for diabetes, age and sex. Results: The study cohort included 70,944 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic PAD (54.99 % women, 49.05 % IC). Among these patients, 3,567 (5.03 %) had received prior treatment for PD by supra- or sub-gingival debridement. PAD patients who had received periodontal treatment showed a lower proportion of CLTI (28.76 % among treated vs. 52.12 % among non-treated). Using multivariable regression methods, exhibiting a CLTI (vs. IC) was associated with not being treated for PD (Odds Ratio 1.97, 95 %–CI 1.83–2.13) after adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes. Conclusions: In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data comprising hospitalized symptomatic PAD patients, treatment of PD was associated with PAD disease severity independent of age, gender and diabetes. A potential benefit of periodontal treatment in relation to PAD will have to be determined in further prospective studies.
Daily Global Solar Radiation in China Estimated From High‐Density Meteorological Observations: A Random Forest Model Framework
Authors: Zeng Zhaoliang , Wang Zemin , Gui Ke , Yan Xiaoyu , Gao Meng , Luo Ming , Geng Hong , Liao Tingting , Li Xiao , An Jiachun , Liu Haizhi , He Chao , Ning Guicai , Yang Yuanjian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccurate estimation of the spatiotemporal variations of solar radiation is crucial for assessing and utilizing solar energy, one of the fastest‐growing and most important clean and renewable resources. Based on observations from 2,379 meteorological stations along with scare solar radiation observations, the random forest (RF) model is employed to construct a high‐density network of daily global solar radiation (DGSR) and its spatiotemporal variations in China. The RF‐estimated DGSR is in good agreement with site observations across China, with an overall correlation coefficient (R) of 0.95, root‐mean‐square error of 2.34 MJ/m2, and mean bias of −0.04 MJ/m2. The geographical distributions of R values, root‐mean‐square error, and mean bias values indicate that the RF model has high predictive performance in estimating DGSR under different climatic and geographic conditions across China. The RF model further reveals that daily sunshine duration, daily maximum land surface temperature, and day of year play dominant roles in determining DGSR across China. In addition, compared with other models, the RF model exhibits a more accurate estimation performance for DGSR. Using the RF model framework at the national scale allows the establishment of a high‐resolution DGSR network, which can not only be used to effectively evaluate the long‐term change in solar radiation but also serve as a potential resource to rationally and continually utilize solar energy.
Characterization of Pore Water Flow in 3‐D Heterogeneous Permeability Fields
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Boufadel Michel C. , Lee Kenneth , An Chunjiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubsurface heterogeneity could influence groundwater flow with implications on structure and productivity of aquifer ecosystems. Here we investigate effects of multifractal heterogeneity on topology of groundwater flow through MODFLOW simulations within a Monte Carlo framework. The results show that heterogeneity leads to focused groundwater advection and the creation of hotspots of bending‐type vortex flow in the fields. We demonstrate for the first time that the vortex structures characterized by Q criterion are 3‐D distributed and greatly deform surrounding pore‐water flow. The structures exhibit scale‐invariant features in multifractal fields and in stationary fields below the correlation scale, indicating that such vortex flow might be widely present with no characteristic scale. Complex spatial patterns of kinetic energy dissipation rate are identified for pore water flowing through heterogeneous porous media and correlate strongly with preferential flows. These findings are important for understanding solute fate and transport in aquifer systems.
Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long‐Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies
Authors: Smirnov Artem G. , Kronberg Elena A. , Daly Patrick W. , Aseev Nikita A. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Kellerman Adam C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Cluster mission has produced a large data set of electron flux measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere since its launch in late 2000. Electron fluxes are measured using Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) detector as a function of energy, pitch angle, spacecraft position, and time. However, no adiabatic invariants have been calculated for Cluster so far. In this paper we present a step‐by‐step guide to calculations of adiabatic invariants and conversion of the electron flux to phase space density (PSD) in these coordinates. The electron flux is measured in two RAPID/IES energy channels providing pitch angle distribution at energies 39.2–50.5 and 68.1–94.5 keV in nominal mode since 2004. A fitting method allows to expand the conversion of the differential fluxes to the range from 40 to 150 keV. Best data coverage for phase space density in adiabatic invariant coordinates can be obtained for values of second adiabatic invariant,
,
10
, and values of the first adiabatic invariant
in the range
5–20 MeV/G. Furthermore, we describe the production of a new data product “LSTAR,” equivalent to the third adiabatic invariant, available through the Cluster Science Archive for years 2001–2018 with 1‐min resolution. The produced data set adds to the availability of observations in Earth's radiation belts region and can be used for long‐term statistical purposes.
P–T–t Path of Garnetites in South Altyn Tagh, West China: A Complete Record of the Ultradeep Subduction and Exhumation of Continental Crust
Authors: Dong Jie , Wei Chunjing , Chen Jing , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report here a detailed investigation of mineral chemistry, phase modelling and geochronology for garnetites from the Bashiwake ultrahigh pressure (UHP) terrane, South Altyn Tagh, West China. Three generations of mineral assemblages including two stages of melting were identified. The first generation is represented by the zoning with decreasing grossular and increasing pyrope and multiphase inclusions in garnet core. It records an early‐stage prograde evolution from amphibolite facies to eclogite facies (1.7–2.5 GPa/710–850 °C) where the first stage of melting occurs. The second generation is characterized by the zoning in garnet mantle with increasing grossular and nearly constant pyrope, defining a later‐stage prograde evolution to UHP peak with the minimum condition of 6.5–7.0 GPa/990 °C. The pressure is consistent with that constrained from the pigeonite exsolution particularly along (401) planes in clinopyroxene. The third generation includes the presence of perthite, plagioclase along with amphibole, suggesting the decompression from eclogite facies to HP–ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulite facies (~3.3–1.2 GPa/960–1020 °C) coupled with the second stage of melting. It is for the first time to get two metamorphic ages about 500 Ma and 486 Ma using in situ SIMS zircon dating which represent the prograde eclogite facies and decompressional granulite facies stages, suggesting the rocks staying at mantle depths for ~14 million years. The garnetites have recorded a complete metamorphic P–T–t history of continental ultradeep subduction to mantle depths of ~200 km or more followed by diapiring exhumation to the crust bottom.
Improving Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation Integrating Energy Consumption for Ice Phase Change Across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Genxu , Lin Shan , Hu Zhaoyong , Lu Yaqiong , Sun Xiangyang , Huang Kewei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPermafrost thawing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a consequence of climatic warming, which will change local hydrological processes remarkably. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important local hydrological process indicator that needs to be well quantified. Several methods have been applied to estimate the ET. However, energy consumed by thawing was neglected in ET estimation on TP. Here a simple but effective method was introduced to represent the energy consumption due to ice phase changes in the generalized nonlinear complementary principle. Our method improved ET estimation by 4.60–106.67% in the nonlinear complementary model, validated at five eddy flux observation sites. With the new formulation, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of ET and their driving factors during 1961–2014. The spatial averaged ET was 294.21 mm/year and decreased from southeast to northwest areas, cocontrolled by precipitation (Pre) and net radiation (Rn); dominated by the Rn in the warm‐humid areas while by the Pre in the cold‐dry areas. The temporal pattern of ET over the TP showed an increasing trend during 1961–2014, with a rate of 0.38 mm/year. The variations in air temperature (Tair) and Rn could explain 79.1% of the temporal variations in ET over the TP during the past 54 years, indicating atmosphere demand is the dominant factor on ET temporal variation. We also found that permafrost thawing accelerated the ET increases in the last 15 years over the transitional permafrost and seasonal permafrost areas, suggesting that degradation and ablation of permafrost under climatic changes will lead to accelerated ET.
Varying Contributions of Drivers to the Relationship Between Canopy Photosynthesis and Far‐Red Sun‐Induced Fluorescence for Two Maize Sites at Different Temporal Scales
Authors: Miao Guofang , Guan Kaiyu , Suyker Andrew E. , Yang Xi , Arkebauer Timothy J. , Walter‐Shea Elizabeth A. , Kimm Hyungsuk , Hmimina Gabriel Y. , Gamon John A. , Franz Trenton E. , Frankenberg Christian , Berry Joseph A. , Wu Genghong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSun‐induced fluorescence (SIF) has been found to be strongly correlated with gross primary production (GPP) in a quasi‐linear pattern at the scales beyond leaves. However, the causes of the GPP:SIF relationship deviating from a linear pattern remain unclear. In the current study conducted at two maize sites in Nebraska in 2017 summer growing season, we investigated the relationship between GPP and SIF at 760 nm (F760) at two temporal scales and quantified the contributions of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PARin), fraction of absorbed PAR (fPAR), light use efficiency (LUE), and F760 yield (F760,y, defined as F760/(PARin×fPAR)) to GPP and F760 variabilities to further understand the linearity and deviations in the GPP:F760 relationship. We found the following: (1) For individual growth stages when canopy structure and chlorophyll content were stable, GPP and F760 were strongly controlled by PARin, while LUE and F760,y had much lower contributions to the GPP:F760 relationship; during this period, LUE and F760,y had either a slightly negative or no clear relationship, which explained some deviations in the GPP:SIF relationship. (2) At the seasonal scale, the contribution of LUE to GPP variability as well as the contribution of F760,y to F760 variability increased and was comparable to the contribution of PARin; the LUE:F760,y relationship showed a strong linear relationship, which strengthened the linear GPP:F760 relationship. Both maize sites showed similar patterns. A framework was applied to estimate LUE at individual stages and as a result, significantly improved the GPP estimation, thus enhancing the SIF potential for inferring photosynthesis.
Drought Impacts on Australian Vegetation During the Millennium Drought Measured With Multisource Spaceborne Remote Sensing
Authors: Jiao Tong , Williams Christopher A. , Rogan John , De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring the period from 1997 to 2009, Australia experienced a severe and persistent drought known as the millennium drought (MD). Major water shortages were reported across the continent, and there were some field accounts of tree mortality and dieback, but large‐area assessment has been lacking. Given uncertain projections of future drought conditions in South‐East Australia, analysis of the MD presents a valuable opportunity to assess possible impacts of these future trends. In this study, we analyzed the magnitude and sensitivity of vegetation responses to the MD with satellite‐derived information including the fraction of photosynthetically absorbed radiation, photosynthetic vegetation cover, canopy density derived from vegetation optical depth, and aboveground biomass carbon. Results show that the most severe impacts were concentrated in southeastern Australia where all four biophysical variables exhibited the highest absolute declines. Cultivated lands, followed by grasslands, experienced the largest drought impact and also demonstrated the highest sensitivity to drought compared to natural biomes. Shrublands showed the greatest resistance to drought‐induced declines. Forests exhibited the lowest sensitivity in canopy properties but average drought sensitivity for biomass, similar to other natural biomes. More arid settings tended to have higher drought sensitivity for canopy properties but lower sensitivity to biomass loss. Drought‐induced carbon releases were largest in forested ecosystems and in more humid climatic settings. High sensitivity of forest biomass to drought suggests that a large amount of carbon could be vulnerable to release to the atmosphere.