bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a 3D food printer as a teaching tool: Focus groups with dietitians, teachers, and nutrition students
Authors: Gosine Laura , Kean Brianna , Parsons Chelsea , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) food printing is a new technology that can be used to produce personalized and customized food products. However, very little research has been completed on how 3D food printers could be used as educational tools. As such, the objective of this study was to evaluate how teachers (n = 6), dietitians (n = 6), and nutrition students (n = 11) envision the use of 3D food printers when disseminating information about food and nutrition. Focus groups were conducted with teachers, dietitians, and nutrition students. Initially, the participants were introduced to the concept of 3D food printing and then they were asked how they could use a 3D food printer in their teachings. The participants did not feel that a 3D food printer would enhance their teaching and instead felt it could confuse or frighten people. Also, all of the participants were worried about learning how to 3D print foods. The participants did state that people would be interested in watching a 3D food printer. Furthermore, the teachers and nutrition students indicated they thought a demonstration of a 3D food printer would lead to more interest in food and nutrition. Additionally, they thought a 3D food printer could be used to create visually appealing foods. Overall, until 3D food printers are found in residential and commercial kitchens, the participants did not think it would enhance their teachings; however, they did indicate that 3D food printing demonstrations could lead to students being interested in the food and nutrition fields.
Starch‐based nanoparticles: Stimuli responsiveness, toxicity, and interactions with food components
Authors: Yu Mengting , Ji Na , Wang Yanfei , Dai Lei , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, starch‐based nanoparticles have attracted great interest due to their small size, good biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness, as well as their potential applications in foods, drug delivery carriers, and biodegradable edible films. Compared with nonstarch polysaccharides, starch can be enzymatically hydrolyzed into glucose in vivo, so it can be used as an enzyme‐responsive carrier. The recent research progress of starch‐based nanoparticles, including starch nanoparticles, starch nanospheres, starch micelles, starch vesicles, starch nanogels, and starch nanofibers, are reviewed in this paper. The main focus is on their responsiveness, digestibility, toxicity, interactions with other components, and applications. Starch‐based nanoparticles are nontoxic and responsive to pH, temperature, light, and other stimuli. It can interact with proteins, antioxidants, and lipids through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions. Starch‐based nanoparticles have a wide range of applications, including enhancing the mechanical properties of films and gels, stabilizing emulsions, as a fluorescent indicator, a catalyst, and a nanocarrier to control the release of active ingredients and drugs.
Vadadustat for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis: A phase 3 open‐label study in Japan
Authors: Nangaku Masaomi , Kondo Kazuoki , Takabe Souichirou , Ueta Kiichiro , Kaneko Genki , Otsuka Makiko , Kawaguchi Yutaka , Komatsu Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVadadustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This phase 3, open‐label, 24‐week single‐arm study evaluated the efficacy and safety of vadadustat in 42 Japanese CKD patients with anemia undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Patients received oral vadadustat for 24 weeks, initiated at 300 mg/day and doses were adjusted to achieve the target hemoglobin (Hb) range of 11.0‐13.0 g/dL. Least squares mean of average Hb at weeks 20 and 24 was 11.35 g/dL, which was within the target range. The most frequent adverse events were catheter site infections (23.8%), which were not related to vadadustat treatment. Vadadustat was generally well tolerated and effective in controlling Hb levels within the target range, indicating the usefulness of vadadustat for treating anemia in Japanese CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Subjective alcohol responses in high‐ and low‐risk adolescents: results from the Dresden Longitudinal Study on Alcohol Use in Young Adults
Authors: Chavarria Jesus , Fridberg Daniel J. , Obst Elisabeth , Zimmermann Ulrich S. , King Andrea C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsResearch shows that sensitivity to certain alcohol responses conveys risk for problem drinking. This study aimed to determine if high‐risk adolescent drinkers infuse more alcohol and experience greater alcohol‐induced stimulation and wanting and less sedation than low‐risk adolescent drinkers.Design and ParticipantsNinety‐two low‐ (n = 38) and high‐risk (n = 54) adolescent drinkers, as determined by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores of < 6 or ≥ 6, respectively, participated in the Dresden Longitudinal Study on Alcohol Use in Young Adults in which intravenous alcohol self‐administration was examined in a mixed within‐ and between‐subjects design.SettingTechnische Universität Dresden. Dresden, Germany.MeasurementsPredictors were drinking status (high‐ versus low‐risk), time and their interactions. Outcomes were arterial blood alcohol concentration (aBAC); alcohol‐induced stimulation, sedation and wanting assessed at baseline, 10 (alcohol prime), 45, 65, 85, 105, 125 and 145 minutes. Covariates were family history of alcohol use disorder, sex and aBAC.ResultsThe alcohol prime dose produced similar sharp increases in stimulation and sedation in high‐ and low‐risk drinkers (time P < 0.001; group × time P > 0.05). During self‐administration, high‐risk drinkers reached higher aBACs (P = 0.028) at a faster rate (group × time P < 0.001), and experienced further increases in stimulation (group × time P = 0.005) but with similar sedation (group × time P = 0.794) than in low‐risk drinkers. High‐risk drinkers also exhibited greater tonic alcohol wanting (group P = 0.003) throughout the session.ConclusionsHigh‐risk adolescent drinkers appear to have heightened sensitivity to alcohol‐induced stimulation and tonic high levels of wanting compared with low‐risk adolescent drinkers.
Genetic structure of two Plusiinae species suggests recent expansion of Chrysodeixis includens in the American continent
Authors: Perini Clérison R. , Sosa Verónica I. , Koda Vicente E. , Silva Horacio , Risso Andrés A. , Vasconcelos Wanessa N. F. , Gonçalves Carolina F. , Ugalde Gustavo A. , Machado Dayanna N. , Bevilacqua Caroline B. , Ardisson‐Araújo Daniel M. P. , Maebe Kevin , Smagghe Guy , Valmorbida Ivair , Guedes Jerson C. 
Published: December 2020

The Plusiinae subfamily has many polyphagous species, many of which occur in South America. Chrysodeixis includens and Rachiplusia nu are two representatives that mainly occurs in soybeans, cotton, common beans, sunflower and alfalfa.
A population genetic study of C. includens and R. nu collected in the Southern Cone of America was performed using a partial COI gene sequencing data and compared with specimens from other American countries.
Six haplotypes were identified in C. includens populations of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, organized within a star‐like haplotype network, with the most common haplotype identified as Chin_MC.
R. nu populations are more diverse and stable in comparison to C. includens. Populations from Argentina and Uruguay had the highest haplotype diversity, sharing five haplotypes and putatively indicating haplotype exchange.
Demographic change analysis suggested a recent population expansion of C. includens over the American continent.
Some C. includens haplotypes were country‐specific, suggesting population expansion in the countries where specimens were collected.
Avifauna diversity and anthropogenic threats of wetlands in South‐Western Ethiopia
Authors: Alemkere Bezabih Azmeraw , Bakala Gabayo Fayera , Tolossa Wakjira Tesfaye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate avifauna diversity and anthropogenic threats to wetlands in Sheka and Bench‐Maji Zones. A total of 5 wetlands, 4 swamps and 1 artificial lake, were purposely selected. Avian diversity data were collected using point count method. Household surveys were undertaken to collect data on anthropogenic threats of wetlands. A total of 1,130 individuals of birds belonging to 28 families and 61 species were recorded. Species richness and diversity were higher in the wet season (51 species, H = 3.65) than the dry season (40 species, H = 3.37). The Bray–Curtis Dissimilarity Index (BC) revealed the three study sites were 78.77% dissimilar in species composition (BCijk = 0.7877) with a total number of 18 shared species. Chega‐Gawussi wetlands and Chonkie‐Shinke wetlands have 70.89% similarity with BC Dissimilarity Index value of 0.291. The study identified that drainage for farming practices, grass overexploitation and Eucalyptus plantations were the main threats to Chonke‐Shinkie wetlands, and Lake Dembi has been threatened by sedimentation from the adjacent farmlands, waste disposal from the Mizan‐Aman Municipality, coffee washing plantations, whereas Chega‐Gawussi wetlands were affected by grass overexploitation and deforestation. Therefore, due attention and conservation actions are required from stakeholders for the protection of these ecosystems.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response analysis of tigecycline in patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Yangang , Xu Ping , Li Huande , Wang Feng , Yan Han , Liang Wu , Xiang Daxiong , Zhang Bikui , Banh Hoan Linh 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTigecycline has been widely used to treat hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) off‐label since it is effective against a wide range of multidrug‐resistant bacteria. However, no recommended dosage for this indication has been evaluated, resulting in possible inadequate treatment.AimsThe aims of this study are to establish the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of tigecycline in Chinese patients with HAP, as well as to evaluate the exposure‐response relationship for the treatment of HAP with multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria.MethodsA PPK analysis of tigecycline was conducted on pooled data from 328 blood samples obtained from 89 patients with HAP. Tigecycline plasma concentrations were measured by a two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic system and the data were analysed using Phoenix NLMETM software. Exposure‐response analyses for efficacy were performed based on the data from 79 HAP patients with multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative infections. Classification and regression tree and logistic regression analyses were employed to identify which pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) indices and magnitudes were the significant predictors of tigecycline efficacy.ResultsA two‐compartment model with zero‐order absorption and first‐order elimination adequately described the data. A larger body weight was associated with increased central volume of distribution and clearance (P < .005), and increased age, baseline creatinine concentration and aspertate aminotransferase were associated with decreased clearance (P < .005). The AUC0‐12h × V/MIC ratio, APACHEII score and combined Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection are the strong predictors for tigecycline clinical response. Classification and regression tree analyses indicated that the combination of APACHEII score < 24 and AUC0‐12h × V/MIC ratio ≥ 100 was associated with clinical success.ConclusionsThe proposed PPK model may serve as the basis for estimating tigecycline exposure for PK‐PD analyses, and the PK‐PD index and magnitude found in this study could be used for designing proper dosage regimens of tigecycline.
‘Too late or too soon’: The ethics of advance care planning in dementia setting
Authors: Perin Marta , Ghirotto Luca , De Panfilis Ludovica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvance care planning (ACP) is considered a pivotal aid in the decision‐making process, especially for many people living with dementia, who inevitably will lose the capacity to make decisions at the end of life. In Italy, ACP has been recently regulated by law 219/2017, leading to the investigation of how physicians deal with ACP in dementia. In order to comprehend the perception of physicians who provide care for patients with dementia regarding ACP and to describe their difficulties and needs, this study presents the results of a qualitative research study performed within a local health authority in northern Italy. Data were collected by semi‐structured interviews with 11 physicians dealing with patients with dementia and were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified, describing both the difficulties and challenges perceived by physicians in performing shared ACP in their daily activities. This study demonstrates that physicians experience troubles synchronizing the time of shared ACP with the more rapid development of dementia. Results also suggest that further training about communication on ACP is urgently required to ease the implementation of shared ACP. A broader involvement of institutions and other professionals is also important in spreading ACP among healthcare institutions.
Structure‐based derivation and optimization of YAP‐like coactivator‐derived peptides to selectively target TEAD family transcription factors by hydrocarbon stapling and cyclization
Authors: He Bo , Wu Tao , He Ping , Lv Fenglin , Liu Hongxiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family consists of four paralogous transcription factors that function to modulate gene expression by interacting with YAP‐like coactivators and have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets of diverse diseases including lung cancer and gastric tumor. Here, we attempt to explore the systematic interaction profile between the 4 TEAD proteins and the peptides derived from the binding sites of 8 known YAP‐like coactivators, in order to analyze the binding affinity and recognition specificity of these peptides toward the TEAD family, and to design hydrocarbon‐stapled/cyclized peptides that can target the specific interaction profile for each coactivator. Structural, energetic, and dynamic investigations of TEAD–coactivator interactions reveal that the coactivators adopt three independent secondary structure regions (β‐strand, α‐helix, and Ω‐loop) to surround on the surface of TEAD proteins, in which the α‐helical and Ω‐loop regions are primarily responsible for the interactions. Five α‐helical peptides and four Ω‐loop peptides are derived from the 8 YAP‐like coactivators, and their systematic binding profile toward the 4 TEAD proteins is created, and hydrocarbon stapling and cyclization strategies are employed to constrain the free α‐helical and Ω‐loop peptides into their native conformations, respectively, thus effectively promoting peptide binding to TEADs. The all‐hydrocarbon and disulfide bridges are designed to point out the TEAD–peptide complex interface, which would not disrupt the direct intermolecular interaction between the TEAD and peptide. Therefore, the stapling and cyclization only improve peptide binding affinity to these TEADs, but do not alter peptide recognition specificity over different TEADs.
The epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III mutation frequently found in gliomas induces astrogenesis in human cerebral organoids
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Mun , Lee Sang‐Hyeok , Lim Jaejoon , Yoo Jongman , Hwang Dong‐Youn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III (EGFRvIII) is the most common mutation of EGFR in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is found in approximately 25% of all GBMs. Intriguingly, EGFRvIII is mostly found in GFAP+ astrocytic tumour cells in the brain, suggesting connection of EGFRvIII to astrogenesis. In this study, we explored whether EGFRvIII mutation facilitates astrogenesis in human development setting.Materials and methodsUsing CRISPR‐Cas9, we generated EGFRvIII mutations in H9‐hESCs. Wild type (wt) H9‐hESCs were used as an isogenic control. Next, we generated cerebral organoids using the wt and EGFRvIII‐hESCs and examined the astrogenic differentiation of the brain organoids.ResultsEGFRvIII‐organoids showed abundant astrocytes (GFAP+, S100β+), while no astrocytes were detected in wt hESC‐derived organoids at day 49. On the contrary, TUJ1+ neurons were more abundant in the wt‐organoids than the EGFRvIII‐organoids. This result suggested that constitutively active EGFRvIII promoted astrogenesis at the expense of neurogenesis. In addition, the EGFRvIII‐organoids were larger in size and retained more Ki67+ cells than wt‐organoids, indicating enhanced cell proliferation by the mutation. The EGFRvIII‐organoids displayed massive apoptotic cell death after treatment with temozolomide and hence, could be used for evaluation of anti‐GBM drugs.ConclusionsEGFRvIII mutation‐induced astrogenesis and massive cell proliferation in a human brain development model. These results provide us new insights into the mechanisms relating EGFRvIII mutation‐mediated gliogenesis and gliomagenesis.
The US Unanticipated Costs of Decoupling from China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shi Shuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe decoupling policies enforced by the Trump Administration aim to break the US economic relationship with China. Those policies, however, are escalating strategic costs for the US in at least three unanticipated ways: the decoupling policies are losing the endorsement of US multinational corporations, undermining the solidarity of the US and its allies, and making supply chains more likely to disengage from the US than to disengage from China. We argue that the ongoing decoupling policies are costing more than the US can bear and will end in vain. If the Trump Administration enforces further decoupling policies without considering those implicit costs, it will only set the US up for a more expensive failure.
Pennsylvania coordinated specialty care programs forfirst‐episodepsychosis: 6‐ and 12‐month outcomes
Authors: Westfall Megan B. E. , Kohler Christian G. , Hurford Irene , Abegunde Courtney , Agosti Dominick , Brinen Aaron , Cadman Mary Lyn , Conroy Catherine , Ered Arielle , Fooks Amanda , Franco Olivia , Huque Zeeshan M. , Namowicz Denise , O'Connor Seamus , Oross Molly , Payne Elisa , Sarpal Deepak K. , Schmidt Lyndsay R. , Swigart Alison , Wenzel R. Marie , Calkins Monica E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPennsylvania (PA) first‐episode psychosis (FEP) program evaluation is a statewide initiative, supported by the PA Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (PA‐OMHSAS) and administered by PA Early Intervention Center/Heads Up, which evaluates fidelity and outcomes of PA Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) programs. Programs participate in standard computerized measures of CSC outcomes using centralized informatics. The aims of the current report are to describe implementation of this core battery for program evaluation in PA and to present 6‐ and 12‐month outcomes.MethodsParticipants (n = 697) from nine PA CSC programs completed the core battery at admission. The battery was re‐administered at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, and data were analysed for individuals (n = 230) who had completed 12‐months of treatment. Domains assessed via clinician report and/or self‐report included symptoms, role and social functioning, self‐perceived recovery and service utilization.ResultsPA FEP CSC participants showed improvement over time in several domains, including decreased symptoms, higher role and social functioning, decreased hospitalizations, and improved self‐perception of recovery, quality of life, and services satisfaction. Trends towards improvements were observed for participant happiness, hopelessness, and school‐enrolment. Nearly all improvements were observed at 6‐month follow‐up, with earlier gains maintained at 12‐months.ConclusionsPA FEP CSC programs demonstrate the ability to assess and improve critical outcomes of coordinated specialty care in PA. Improved outcomes by 12 months in treatment provides evidence of an effective treatment model and supports the continuation of these programs in pursuit of our goal of reducing schizophrenia disease burden on individuals and society.
Gender effect on cardiac involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Garibaldi Matteo , Lauletta Antonio , Bucci Elisabetta , Fionda Laura , Vanoli Fiammetta , Leonardi Luca , Alfieri Girolamo , Tufano Laura , Morino Stefania , Merlonghi Gioia , Anibaldi Paolo , Salvetti Marco , Testa Marco , Antonini Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeCardiac involvement is observed in about 80% of subjects with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and is mainly characterized by cardiac conduction and/or rhythm abnormalities (CCRAs), possibly leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our objective was to investigate whether the gender difference may influence the cardiac involvement and SCD in DM1.MethodsWe analyzed prevalence and incidence of cardiological abnormalities in males versus females in 151 consecutive DM1 patients over a 35‐year follow‐up period.ResultsFifty‐five patients, 35 males (62.5%) and 20 females (42.5%), developed some type of CCRA during the follow‐up period (mean 7.82 ± 6.21 years). CCRA overall, and specifically cardiac conduction abnormalities (CCAs), were significantly more frequent in males than in females (p = 0.043 and p = 0.031, respectively). CCRAs progressed in 16 males (45.7%) and six females (30%). Twenty‐four patients, 14 males (25.0%) and 10 females (21.3%), died during the follow‐up. Nine of them, six males (10.7%) and three females (6.4%), had SCD. After correction for Muscular Impairment Rating Scale progression, cytosine thymine‐guanine expansion, and follow‐up duration, a higher prevalence of CCAs was independently associated with male gender (p = 0.039), but independent association with gender was not detected for CCRAs overall, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, and SCD prevalence, even if prevalence was higher in males than females.ConclusionsThe overall risk of occurrence of CCAs in DM1 is significantly higher in males than females regardless of genetic background and disease severity and progression. Moreover, the data also suggest a similar impact for male gender for CCRAs overall, CCAs, and SCD even if not statistically significant.