bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the numerical approximation of vectorial absolute minimisers in $$L^\infty $$
Authors: Katzourakis Nikos , Pryer Tristan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet $$\Omega $$
Ω
be an open set. We consider the supremal functional $$\begin{aligned} \text {E}_\infty (u,{\mathcal {O}})\, {:}{=}\, \Vert \text {D}u \Vert _{L^\infty ( {\mathcal {O}} )}, \ \ \ {\mathcal {O}} \subseteq \Omega \text { open}, \end{aligned}$$

E
∞

(
u
,
O
)

:
=

‖
D
u
‖

L
∞

(
O
)

,

O
⊆
Ω

open
,

applied to locally Lipschitz mappings $$u : \mathbb {R}^n \supseteq \Omega \longrightarrow \mathbb {R}^N$$

u
:

R

n

⊇
Ω
⟶

R

N

, where $$n,N\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
,
N
∈
N

. This is the model functional of Calculus of Variations in $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

. The area is developing rapidly, but the vectorial case of $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

is still poorly understood. Due to the non-local nature of (1), usual minimisers are not truly optimal. The concept of so-called absolute minimisers is the primary contender in the direction of variational concepts. However, these cannot be obtained by direct minimisation and the question of their existence under prescribed boundary data is open when $$n,N\ge 2$$

n
,
N
≥
2

. We present numerical experiments aimed at understanding the behaviour of minimisers through a new technique involving p-concentration measures.
Designing ethical artifacts has resulted in creative design
Authors: Sekiguchi Kaira , Hori Koichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEthical aspects in engineering design have become increasingly important in recent years. A typical example is the recent rise of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics. This paper applies user studies of a design support tool to empirically verify that our ethical framework improves the creativity of an engineer’s design activity. The design support tool provides an environment for the promotion of ethical design perspectives and description. The experiments focus on two functionalities: semi-automatic generation and scenario path recommendation. These functions are designed around the application of ethical design theory, which extends the hierarchical representation of artifacts. Doing this enables users to reconsider their themes at the highest level of the hierarchy and to apply a wider conceptual space of design solutions. For example, by reconsidering the positions of their research themes in the space of the representation field, users can semi-automatically edit them and identify focal areas. Using the scenario path recommendation, designers can update their research themes after considering the ethical impacts of those themes on stakeholders. Both functions are realized by exploiting a knowledge base of ethical and technological discourses. Finally, the ethical design theory is updated based on some unexpected results of our user studies with regards to the cyclic relationship among theory, tools (i.e., experimental equipment), and observed data. For example, temporal dimensional aspects were confirmed as important.
Perceptual bias and technical metapictures: critical machine vision as a humanities challenge
Authors: Offert Fabian , Bell Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many critical investigations of machine vision, the focus lies almost exclusively on dataset bias and on fixing datasets by introducing more and more diverse sets of images. We propose that machine vision systems are inherently biased not only because they rely on biased datasets but also because their perceptual topology, their specific way of representing the visual world, gives rise to a new class of bias that we call perceptual bias. Concretely, we define perceptual topology as the set of those inductive biases in machine vision systems that determine its capability to represent the visual world. Perceptual bias, then, describes the difference between the assumed “ways of seeing” of a machine vision system, our reasonable expectations regarding its way of representing the visual world, and its actual perceptual topology. We show how perceptual bias affects the interpretability of machine vision systems in particular, by means of a close reading of a visualization technique called “feature visualization”. We conclude that dataset bias and perceptual bias both need to be considered in the critical analysis of machine vision systems and propose to understand critical machine vision as an important transdisciplinary challenge, situated at the interface of computer science and visual studies/Bildwissenschaft.
Predicting the martensite content of metastable austenitic steels after cryogenic turning using machine learning
Authors: Glatt Moritz , Hotz Hendrik , Kölsch Patrick , Mukherjee Avik , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic stainless steels, a deformation-induced phase transformation from γ-austenite to α’-martensite can be realized in the workpiece subsurface, which results in a higher microhardness as well as in improved fatigue strength and wear resistance. The α’-martensite content and resulting workpiece properties strongly depend on the process parameters and the resulting thermomechanical load during cryogenic turning. In order to achieve specific workpiece properties, extensive knowledge about this correlation is required. Parametric models, based on physical correlations, are only partly able to predict the resulting properties due to limited knowledge on the complex interactions between stress, strain, temperature, and the resulting kinematics of deformation-induced phase transformation. Machine learning algorithms can be used to detect this kind of knowledge in data sets. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare the applicability of three machine learning methods (support vector regression, random forest regression, and artificial neural network) to derive models that support the prediction of workpiece properties based on thermomechanical loads. For this purpose, workpiece property data and respective process forces and temperatures are used as training and testing data. After training the models with 55 data samples, the support vector regression model showed the highest prediction accuracy.
Integrated processing of ground- and space-based GPS observations: improving GPS satellite orbits observed with sparse ground networks
Authors: Huang Wen , Männel Benjamin , Sakic Pierre , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe precise orbit determination (POD) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites and low Earth orbiters (LEOs) are usually performed independently. It is a potential way to improve the GNSS orbits by integrating LEOs onboard observations into the processing, especially for the developing GNSS, e.g., Galileo with a sparse sensor station network and Beidou with a regional distributed operating network. In recent years, few studies combined the processing of ground- and space-based GNSS observations. The integrated POD of GPS satellites and seven LEOs, including GRACE-A/B, OSTM/Jason-2, Jason-3 and, Swarm-A/B/C, is discussed in this study. GPS code and phase observations obtained by onboard GPS receivers of LEOs and ground-based receivers of the International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking network are used together in one least-squares adjustment. The POD solutions of the integrated processing with different subsets of LEOs and ground stations are analyzed in detail. The derived GPS satellite orbits are validated by comparing with the official IGS products and internal comparison based on the differences of overlapping orbits and satellite positions at the day-boundary epoch. The differences between the GPS satellite orbits derived based on a 26-station network and the official IGS products decrease from 37.5 to 23.9 mm ($$34\%$$

34
%

improvement) in 1D-mean RMS when adding seven LEOs. Both the number of the space-based observations and the LEO orbit geometry affect the GPS satellite orbits derived in the integrated processing. In this study, the latter one is proved to be more critical. By including three LEOs in three different orbital planes, the GPS satellite orbits improve more than from adding seven well-selected additional stations to the network. Experiments with a ten-station and regional network show an improvement of the GPS satellite orbits from about 25 cm to less than five centimeters in 1D-mean RMS after integrating the seven LEOs.
Bioengineering studies and pathway modeling of the heterologous biosynthesis of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid in yeast
Authors: Thomas Fabian , Schmidt Christina , Kayser Oliver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeterologous biosynthesis of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in yeast is a biotechnological process in Natural Product Biotechnology that was recently introduced. Based on heterologous genes from Cannabis sativa and Streptomyces spp. cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the heterologous biosynthesis was fully embedded as a proof of concept. Low titer and insufficient biocatalytic rate of most enzymes require systematic optimization of recombinant catalyst by protein engineering and consequent C-flux improvement of the yeast chassis for sufficient precursor (acetyl-CoA), energy (ATP), and NADH delivery. In this review basic principles of in silico analysis of anabolic pathways towards olivetolic acid (OA) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) are elucidated and discussed to identify metabolic bottlenecks. Based on own experimental results, yeasts are discussed as potential platform organisms to be introduced as potential cannabinoid biofactories. Especially feeding strategies and limitations in the committed mevalonate and olivetolic acid pathways are in focus of in silico and experimental studies to validate the scientific and commercial potential as a realistic alternative to the plant Cannabis sativa.Key points• First time critical review of the heterologous process for recombinant THCA/CBDA production and critical review of bottlenecks and limitations for a bioengineered technical process• Integrative approach of protein engineering, systems biotechnology, and biochemistry of yeast physiology and biosynthetic cannabinoid enzymes• Comparison of NphB and CsPT aromatic prenyltransferases as rate-limiting catalytic steps towards cannabinoids in yeast as platform organisms
Evolution and biogeography of the Zanclea-Scleractinia symbiosis
Authors: Maggioni Davide , Arrigoni Roberto , Seveso Davide , Galli Paolo , Berumen Michael L. , Denis Vianney , Hoeksema Bert W. , Huang Danwei , Manca Federica , Pica Daniela , Puce Stefania , Reimer James D. , Montano Simone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScleractinian corals provide habitats for a broad variety of cryptofauna, which in turn may contribute to the overall functioning of coral symbiomes. Among these invertebrates, hydrozoans belonging to the genusZanclearepresent an increasingly known and ecologically important group of coral symbionts. In this study, we analysed 321Zancleacolonies associated with 31 coral genera collected from 11 localities across the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean regions, and used a multi-disciplinary approach to shed light on the evolution and biogeography of the group. Overall, we found high genetic diversity of hydrozoans that spans nine clades corresponding to cryptic or pseudo-cryptic species. All but two clades are associated with one or two coral genera belonging to the Complex clade, whereas the remaining ones are generalists associated with both Complex and Robust corals. Despite the observed specificity patterns, no congruence betweenZancleaand coral phylogenies was observed, suggesting a lack of coevolutionary events. MostZanclea clades have a wide distribution across the Indo-Pacific, including a generalist group extending also into the Caribbean, while two host-specific clades are possibly found exclusively in the Red Sea, confirming the importance of this peripheral region as an endemicity hotspot. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that the most recent common ancestor of all extant coral-associatedZancleawas a specialist species with a perisarc, occurring in what is now known as the Indo-Pacific. Ultimately, a mixture of geography- and host-related diversification processes is likely responsible for the observed enigmatic phylogenetic structure of coral-associatedZanclea.
Amotio-retinae-Versorgung während der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Kaupke N. , Spitzer M. S. , Kromer R. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine Amotio retinae ist ein ophthalmologischer Notfall. Verzögerung der Diagnose oder Therapie kann die Visusprognose reduzieren. Aus Presseberichten geht hervor, dass Notfallpatienten aus Angst vor einer Ansteckung mit dem Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 erst deutlich verspätet einen Arzt aufsuchen und die Diagnose und Therapie verschleppen. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob die Corona-Pandemie Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung von Patienten mit Netzhautablösung hatte.

Methodik
Für diese Studie wurden 60 Patienten mit im Zeitraum 15.03.–05.05.2020 in der Augenklinik des Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf operativ versorgter rhegmatogener Netzhautablösung retrospektiv eingeschlossen. Als Vergleichszeitraum wurde der entsprechende Vorjahreszeitraum gewählt. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Vergleichsgruppen wurden mittels Hypothesentests untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum zeigten sich während der Corona-Pandemie keine signifikanten Unterschiede von Geschlecht, Alter, Symptomdauer, vorherigem Arztbesuch, präoperativem Visus, Makulabeteiligung, Amotioausdehnung, Vorhandensein von proliferativer vitreoretinaler Retinopathie (PVR), Operationsverfahren oder Operationsdauer. Während der Corona-Pandemie gaben 29 % der befragten Patienten mit Amotio retinae generelle Sorgen um ihre Gesundheit aufgrund des Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 an.

Diskussion
Während der Corona-Pandemie zeigte sich eine unveränderte Versorgung von Patienten mit Amotio retinae. Im Gegensatz zu anderen medizinischen Notfällen zeigte sich keine reduzierte Fallzahl oder erhöhte Morbidität im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum.
Clinical results of the BoneWelding®Fiji® anchor for the treatment of Stener lesions of the thumb
Authors: Kastenberger Tobias , Kaiser Peter , Schmidle Gernot , Stock Kerstin , Benedikt Stefan , Arora Rohit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionA new technology (Sportwelding®) was recently presented, which uses ultrasonic energy to meld a resorbable suture anchor at the interface with the host bone. A standardized clinical use was not investigated yet. This study prospectively evaluated the surgical and clinical outcomes of the Fiji Anchor® (Sportwelding®, Schlieren, Switzerland) in the repair of an ulnar collateral ligament lesion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.Material and methodsThe range of motion, grip and pinch strength, disability of arm, shoulder and the hand (DASH) and patient rated evaluation (PRWE) score, pain, satisfaction, complications and adverse events were assessed in 24 patients after surgical treatment for an acute displaced rupture or avulsion of the ulnar collateral metacarpophalangeal ligament of the thumb using the Fiji Anchor® after 6, 12 and 52 weeks.ResultsAt final follow up, the range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint reached almost the contralateral side (49.3° SD 11.7°). Thumb opposition showed a Kapandji score of 9.7 (SD 0.5; range 9–10). Grip strength, the lateral, tip and the three jaw pinch showed nearly similar values compared to the contralateral side (83–101%). Pain was low (0.2 SD 0.7 at rest and 0.6 SD 1.0 during load). The DASH score was 5.0 (SD 7.3) and the PRWE score was 4.1 (SD 9.0). 81% of patients were very satisfied at final follow-up. Two patients were rated unstable during the follow-up period due to a second traumatic event. Three cases experienced difficulties during anchor insertion, whereby incorrect anchor insertion resulted in damage to the suture material; however, this was resolved after additional training.ConclusionOne advantage of this anchor appears to be its stable fixation in cancellous bone. The surgical treatment of an ulnar collateral ligament lesion of the thumb using the Fiji Anchor® can lead to an excellent clinical outcome with a minor complication rate; however, long-term dangers and the cost effectiveness of the procedure are not known yet.
Quantitative 1H and 23Na muscle MRI in Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Gerhalter Teresa , Marty Benjamin , Gast Lena V. , Porzelt Katharina , Heiss Rafael , Uder Michael , Schwab Stefan , Carlier Pierre G. , Nagel Armin M. , Türk Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
Our aim was to assess the role of quantitative 1H and 23Na MRI methods in providing imaging biomarkers of disease activity and severity in patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

Methods
We imaged the lower leg muscles of 19 FSHD patients and 12 controls with a multimodal MRI protocol to obtain STIR-T2w images, fat fraction (FF), water T2 (wT2), water T1 (wT1), tissue sodium concentration (TSC), and intracellular-weighted sodium signal (inversion recovery (IR) and triple quantum filter (TQF) sequence). In addition, the FSHD patients underwent muscle strength testing.

Results
Imaging biomarkers related with water mobility (wT1 and wT2) and ion homeostasis (TSC, IR, TQF) were increased in muscles of FSHD patients. Muscle groups with FF > 10% had higher wT2, wT1, TSC, IR, and TQF values than muscles with FF < 10%. Muscles with FF < 10% resembled muscles of healthy controls for these MRI disease activity measures. However, wT1 was increased in few muscles without fat replacement. Furthermore, few STIR-negative muscles (n = 11/76) exhibited increased wT1, TSC, IR or TQF. Increased wT1 as well as 23Na signals were also present in muscles with normal wT2. Muscle strength was related to the mean FF and all imaging biomarkers of tibialis anterior except wT2 were correlated with dorsal flexion.

Conclusion
The newly evaluated imaging biomarkers related with water mobility (wT1) and ion homeostasis (TSC, IR, TQF) showed different patterns compared to the established markers like FF in muscles of FSHD patients. These quantitative biomarkers could thus contain valuable complementary information for the early characterization of disease progression.
Verhalten von Windkraftanlagen mit doppelt speisenden Asynchrongeneratoren (DFIG) bei Kurzschlüssen und anderen Netzfehlern
Authors: Schürhuber Robert , Oswald Bernd R. , Fickert Lothar , Fortmann Jens 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMotiviert durch die Energiewende steuert die elektrische Energieversorgung in vielen Ländern auf eine Erzeugungsstruktur zu, welche von leistungselektronisch gekoppelten Erzeugungseinheiten, allen voran Windkraftwerken (WKW) und Photovoltaikanlagen, dominiert wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass sich die Auslegung der elektrischen Betriebsmittel sowie die Planung und der Betrieb der Netze zunehmend an den Eigenschaften solcher Anlagen ausrichtet. Wegen ihrer technischen Komplexität stellen dabei Windkraftwerke (WKW) mit doppelt speisenden Generatoren (double-feed induction generator bzw. doubly-fed induction generator, DFIG) eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da bei ihnen sowohl die durch die Physik bestimmten Eigenschaften der rotierenden elektrischen Maschine als auch das maßgeblich durch Steuerung und Regelung beeinflusste Verhalten des Umrichters zum Tragen kommt. In diesem Artikel wird das Verhalten der aktuellen Technologie von DFIG bei Kurzschlüssen und anderen Netzfehlern beschrieben, der Stand der Technik in der für Anlagenauslegung wichtigen Kurzschlussnorm erläutert sowie ein neuer Vorschlag für die Nachbildung der WKW mit DFIG in dieser Norm unterbreitet. Weiters wird auf spezielle Anforderungen an den Netzschutz eingegangen.
One-year experience of hybrid closed-loop system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes previously treated with multiple daily injections: drivers to successful outcomes
Authors: Petrovski Goran , Al Khalaf Fawziya , Campbell Judith , Umer Fareeda , Almajaly Douha , Hamdan Manar , Hussain Khalid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effect of a 1-year hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) previously treated with multiple daily injections (MDI).

Methods
This was a 1-year observational study, as a continuation of the previous 3 months prospective study of pediatric patients with T1D conducted at Sidra Medicine in Qatar. The study enrolled individuals aged 7–18 years with T1D > 1 year, on MDI with self-monitoring of blood glucose or continuous glucose monitoring, with no prior pump experience, and with an HbA1c level < 12.5% (< 113 mmol/mol). After the first 3 months of HCL use, patients were followed at 6, 9 and 12 months, where HbA1c was obtained and pump data were collected.

Results
All 30 participants (age 10.24 ± 2.6 years) who initiated HCL completed 12 months of HCL system use in Auto Mode. The participants used the sensor 88.4 ± 6.5% of the time with Auto Mode usage 85.6 ± 7.4% during 12 months of HCL system use. HbA1c decreased from 8.2 ± 1.4% (66 ± 15.3 mmol/mol) at baseline, to 6.7 ± 0.5% (50 ± 5.5 mmol/mol) at 3 months (p = 0.02) and remained stable to 7.1 ± 0.6 (54 ± 6.6 mmol/mol) at 12 months (p = 0.02). TIR (70–180 mg/dL) increased from 46.9% at baseline to 71.9% at 1 month and remained above 70% during the 12 months of HCL use.

Conclusion
HCL system (MiniMed 670G) in children and adolescents previously treated with MDI significantly improves glycemic outcomes (HbA1c and Time in Ranges) immediately during the first month. This improved glycemic control was maintained over the 1 year following Auto Mode initiation.
Relevanz homologer Allergene bei der spezifischen Immuntherapie von Pollenallergien
Authors: Horak Fritz , Bohle Barbara , Gadermaier Gabriele , Hötzenecker Wolfram , Idzko Marco , Niederberger-Leppin Verena , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Szépfalusi Zsolt , Zlabinger Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Allergie gegen Pollen ist die häufigste Indikation für eine allergenspezifische Immuntherapie (AIT). Dabei ist es entscheidend, das richtige Präparat für den jeweiligen Patienten zu wählen. Aus der Forschung wissen wir, dass viele Allergene einzelnen homologen Gruppen zuzuordnen sind (Birken-Gruppe, Gräser etc.). Die Referenzallergene dieser Gruppen können für die Diagnostik und Therapie eingesetzt werden. Eine Mischung homologer Allergene (z. B. Birke + Erle + Hasel) für die AIT ist aus heutiger Sicht daher nicht mehr nötig. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Mischung nicht-homologer Allergene (z. B. Birke + Gräser + Beifuß) dezidiert nicht zu empfehlen, da dies zu einer Reduktion der Allergenmenge für die einzelnen Allergene führt und es zu möglichen Wechselwirkungen der Extrakte kommen kann, sodass mit schlechteren Erfolgsaussichten der AIT zu rechnen ist. Für die Patienten (Erwachsene, Jugendliche und Kinder) sollen von der verschreibenden Ärztin/dem verschreibenden Arzt die relevanten 1–2 Allergene für die AIT ausgewählt und in separaten Lösungen in jeweils einen Arm appliziert werden. Pharmafirmen sind aufgefordert, auf den Anforderungsformularen die Bestellmöglichkeit nicht-homologer Allergenmischungen zu vermeiden und das Prinzip der homologen Referenzallergene bei der Auswahl der Extrakte zu berücksichtigen.