bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Analysis of Spiroplasma Citri Strains From Different Host Plants and Its Leafhopper Vectors
Authors: Rattner Rachel , Thapa Shree Prasad , Dang Tyler , Osman Fatima , Selvaraj Vijayanandraj , Maheshwari Yogita , Pagliaccia Deborah , Espindola Andres S. , Hajeri Subhas , Chen Jianchi , Coaker Gitta , Vidalakis Georgios , Yokomi Raymond 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Spiroplasma citri comprises a complex of bacteria that cause diseases in citrus, horseradish, carrot, sesame, and also infect a wide array of ornamental and weed species. S. citri is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by the beet leafhopper, Neoaliturus tenellus in North America and Circulifer haematoceps in the Mediterranean region. Leafhopper transmission and the pathogen’s wide host range serve as drivers of genetic diversity. This diversity was examined by comparing the genome sequences of seven S. citri strains from the United States (BR12, CC2, C5, C189, LB319, BLH-13, and BLH-MB) collected from different hosts and times with other publicly available spiroplasmas.Results Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequences from 39 spiroplasmas obtained from NCBI database showed that S. citri strains, along with S. kunkelii and S. phoeniceum, two other plant pathogenic spiroplasmas, formed a monophyletic group. To refine genetic relationships among S. citri strains, phylogenetic analyses with 863 core orthologous sequences were performed. Strains that clustered together were: CC-12 and C5; C189 and R8-A2; BR12, BLH-MB, BLH13 and LB 319. Strain GII3-3 remained in a separate branch. Sequence rearrangements were observed among S. citri strains, predominantly in the center of the chromosome. One to nine plasmids were identified in the seven S. citri strains analyzed in this study. Plasmids were most abundant in strains isolated from the beet leafhopper, followed by strains from carrot, Chinese cabbage, horseradish and citrus, respectively. All these S. citri strains contained one plasmid with high similarity to plasmid pSci6 from S. citri strain GII3-3X which is known to confer insect transmissibility. Additionally, 17 to 25 prophage-like elements were identified in these genomes, which may promote rearrangements and contribute to repetitive regions. Conclusions The genome of seven S. citri strains were found to contain a single circularized chromosome, ranging from 1.58 Mbp to 1.74 Mbp and 1,597-2,232 protein-coding genes. These strains possessed a plasmid similar to pSci6 from the GII3-3X strain associated with leafhopper transmission. Prophage sequences found in the S. citri genomes may contribute to the extension of its host range. These findings increase our understanding of S. citri genetic diversity.
Analysis of fuel tank collision structure based on defense point method
Authors: Liu Wenguang , Liu Haijiang , Jiang lin , Bi Shanshan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the impact process of a fuel tank, which is a transient energy conversion process, the material absorbs energy through deformation to analyze the mechanical properties of the fuel tank during the impact process. The defense node method is adopted to simulate the dynamic response of the fuel tank during impact. The results show that it can accurately evaluate the safety of the container.
Human Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts 3D Dynamic Co-Culture System to Study the Beneficial Effects of Glucosamine on Bone Microenvironment
Authors: Penolazzi Letizia , Lambertini Elisabetta , Pandolfi Assunta , Mandatori Domitilla , Sollazzo Vincenzo , Piva Roberta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Glucosamine (GlcN) functions as a building block of the cartilage matrix and its multifaceted roles in promoting joint health has been extensively investigated. On the contrary, the role of GlcN in osteogenesis and bone tissue is poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of adequate experimental models. Consequently, the benefit of GlcN in bone disorders remains controversial. In order to broaden the pharmacological relevance and potential therapeutic/nutraceutic efficacy of GlcN, we investigated the effect of GlcN on human primary osteoclasts (hOCs) and osteoblasts (hOBs) that were grown with 2D traditional methods or co-cultured in a more complex culture system one step closer to the in vivo bone microenvironment, consisting in a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic system.Methods: Osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood monocytes (hMCs) of either healthy or osteoarthritis (OA) donors, were used and kept in culture with osteoclastogenic inducers. hMCs were also combined with hOBs in a 3D dynamic co‐culture system by using RCCS-4TM bioreactor in osteogenic medium without osteoclastogenic inducers. In this condition osteoclastogenesis was supported by hOBs and sizeable self assembling aggregates were obtained. The differentiated osteoclasts were evaluated by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase assay, osteogenic differentiation was monitored by analyzing mineral matrix deposition through Alizarin Red staining, and expression of osteogenic markers through RT-qPCR. The cells were treated with DONA® Crystalline Glucosamine Sulfate (i.e. the original GlcN sulfate product).Results: DONA® was effective in decreasing the hOCs differentiation and function. Osteoclasts from OA donors were more sensitive than those from healthy donors. At the same time, DONA® showed anabolic effects on osteoblasts both in 2D conventional cell culture and in osteoclasts/osteoblasts 3D dynamic co-culture system.Conclusions: Here we demonstrated the effectiveness of a 3D dynamic co-culture system to provide useful information on the spectrum of action of GlcN on bone microenvironment. This can pave the way to better define the potential applications of a compound such as GlcN which is positioned between pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Therefore, based on our observations, we hypothesize that GlcN could have potential benefits either in the treatment of osteopenic diseases such as osteoporosis, or in the bone health maintenance.
National implementation of in situ simulation training in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: A multicenter study
Authors: Bredmose Per P. , Røislien Jo , Østergaard Doris , Sollid Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IntroductionMedical simulation is used in helicopter emergency services as a tool for training the crew. Using in situ simulation we aimed to evaluate the degree of implementation, factors for successful simulation and the crew’s attitude towards this form for training.MethodsA one year prospective study on simulation at all Norwegian helicopter emergency services bases and one search and rescue base. Local facilitators were educated and conducted simulations at their own discretion.ResultsAll bases participated, but the number of simulations attempted at each base varied from 1 to 46. Busier bases had a significantly higher number of aborted simulations. Regardless of base and number of attempted simulations, participating crews scored self-evaluated satisfaction with this form of training highly. The number of local facilitators and their travel distance to work seemed to make no difference to the number of attempted simulations.DiscussionOur study reveals large differences in the number of attempted simulations between bases. Our findings suggest that the local facilitator is a key factor for successful implementation of simulation based training in helicopter emergency services.
Predictive Value of Live Birth Rate Based on Different Intrauterine Adhesion Evaluation Systems Following
Authors: Cao Mingzhu , Pan Yingying , Zhang Qingyan , You Danming , Feng Shuying , LIU Zhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of five different intrauterine adhesion (IUA) evaluation systems for live birth rate following transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA).Method: This retrospective study included 128 women with IUA who desired for spontaneous conception after TCRA. All the patients were retrospectively scored by the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification, European Society of Gynecological Endoscopy (ESGE) classification, March’s classification (March), Nasr’s classification (Nasr) and Chinese IUA diagnosis classification criteria (Chinese). The predictive value of these evaluation systems was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under a ROC curve (AUC).Results: The correlation coefficients of AFS, ESGE, March, Nasr and Chinese classification and the live birth rate were 0.282, 0.324, 0.260, 0.418, 0.364, respectively. All five scoring systems were efficient to predict live birth rate. Among them, Nasr’s classification showed the highest AUC (0.748) with the best predictive value.Conclusion: AFS, ESGE, March, Nasr and Chinese classification were demonstrated to be capable of predicting live birth following TCRA, and Nasr’s classification showed the highest predictive value of live birth.
Influence of Seaweed Supplements on the Intestinal Bacteria in the Rabbitfish Siganus Fuscescens: Evidence for a Core Microbiome
Authors: Thepot Valentin , Slinger Joel , Rimmer Michael A , Paul Nicholas A , Campbell Alexandra H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe know very little about natural variation in microbiomes of marine herbivorous fish in the wild or in captivity (aquaculture). Understanding how the consumption of seaweed influences intestinal microbial communities will shed light on how such phytobiotics could enhance the health and productivity of farmed fish. Here we screened the effects of supplementing the diets of mottled rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens), a candidate species for international aquaculture development, with 15 different species of seaweeds and functional supplements currently used in aquaculture, on the bacterial communities that colonised their hindguts. ResultsRemarkably, the second most abundant phylum and the majority (53%) of the bacterial genera were not assigned, highlighting a significant knowledge gap for the field of animal microbiomes. Dietary supplementation increased alpha diversity by up to 23% relative to the control fish. Furthermore, most supplements significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, with similar trends for Proteobacteria and consistent decreases in Bacteroides. Seaweed supplementation also had important effects at the genus level, including significant increases in Fusobacterium sp. in fish fed seaweed - especially the green Caulerpa taxifolia – and overall trends for reduced levels of Arcobacter sp., a genus that includes fish and human pathogens. When we compared microbiomes in our fish to those from two recently published studies of conspecific populations sampled many thousands of kilometres away, the populations were clearly distinct, however there were 55 ASVs that were shared across the three fish populations, of which 35 were present in 50% of all fish sampled.ConclusionThe identification of a core microbiome suggests that a host organism relies on certain microbes for key functions and our findings suggest that this candidate aquaculture species has a core microbiome in its hindgut which is robust to dietary manipulations and broad geographical and temporal variation. This insight will help guide future work investigating the functional and mechanistic bases of these relationships, as will improvements in microbial taxonomic resolution. Supplementation with seaweeds did have subtle influences on bacteria in the hindgut of Siganus fuscescens which could have important impacts on fish health and should be considered as aquaculture systems are developed for this species.
Feedlot diets containing increasing starch levels and different feed additives changes cecal proteome profile involved on energy metabolism and inflammatory response of Nellore cattle
Authors: Rocha Leone Campos , Assunção Andrey Sávio de Almeida , Martins Renata Aparecida , Carvalho Victor Valério de , Perdigão Alexandre , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Adamec Jiri , Millen Danilo Domingues , Vieira José Cavalcante Souza , Padilha Pedro de Magalhães 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Diets for feedlot cattle require higher energy density, thus contributing to the high rate of fermentable carbohydrate. The use of feed additives is necessary to reduce possible metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to analyze the post-rumen effects of different levels of starch (25, 35, and 45%) and additives (Monensin, Blend of essential oil + exogenous α-Amylase) in diets for Nellore cattle feedlot. The cecum tissue proteome was separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and then, with the verification of differentially expressed protein SPOTS, these were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).Results The expression of nine enzymes participating in the Steps of the glycolysis pathway was verified, such as: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase like-17 protein, Triosephosphate isomerase (Step 1); Phosphoglycerate mutase and Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (Step 2); Alpha-enolase (ENO1), Beta-enolase (ENO3) and Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOB) (Step 4); and Pyruvate Kinase (PKM) (Step 5). There was expression of three enzymes linked to catalytic activities participating in the synthesis of lactate from pyruvate: L-lactate dehydrogenase B, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain and L-lactate dehydrogenase. The ATP synthase subunit beta and ATP synthase subunit beta_mitochondrial participate in the electron transport chain, producing ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. Due to the manipulation of diets, the expression of the Leukocyte elastase inhibitor protein, associated with the inflammatory response.Conclusions The use of blends of essential oil associated with α-amylase as a feed additive promoted the greater expression of enzymes in the pathway of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (and the absence of proteins linked to inflammation (Leukocyte elastase inhibitor) in cecum tissues. On the other hand, the increase in starch in the diets promoted a reduction in enzymes linked to carbohydrate degradation with increased responses linked to inflammatory injuries.
The Informed Consent Process in Health Research with Under-served Populations:&nbsp;A Realist Review Protocol.
Authors: Hoverd Eleanor , Staniszewska Sophie , Dale Jeremy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe informed consent process aims to provide potential participants with information about health research that enables them to make an informed decision as to whether they choose to participate, or not. However, it remains unclear as to whether the process is effective for those whom are under-served in health research. It is a pivotal issue within health research that the diversity of people who participate is broadened. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) pledges to support equality, diversity and inclusion, actively creating opportunities for all citizens whom are eligible, to take part in health research. MethodsIn order to understand how the informed consent process for under-served populations in health research works, under what circumstances and in what respects, a realist review approach will be undertaken. Searches will be carried out using electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsychInfo), along with selected websites and grey literature. Development of initial rough programme theory (ies) will lead to a more refined programme theory that will provide an explanation of context, mechanism and outcomes. Stakeholder involvement by NIHR (Public) Research Champions, health professionals and clinical academics will provide expert opinion about concepts and programme theory.DiscussionFindings of this realist review will highlight how the informed consent process in health research affects the experience and decision-making process of potential participants from under-served populations. They will be written up in accordance with RAMESES guidelines and disseminated to patients and the public, health researchers, health professionals and policymakers through peer-reviewed publication, presentations and discussions. The review will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that trigger both positive and negative outcomes in the informed consent process for those whom are often under-represented in health research to inform policy, study design and delivery.
Severe Median Nerve Injured After Local Corticosteroid Injection in A Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patient ——A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Haiying , lu hui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The corticosteroid injection is known to be an effective and safe treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, no serious complications was reported in previous literature. We report a severe median nerve injured case after corticosteroid injection. Case presentation: A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital because of numbness in her right finger for 10 years. Total six corticosteroid injections were performed in the past 2 years, and the symptoms did not relief significantly. She underwent ligament resection and median nerve release. The median nerve epineurium thickened and the scar was obvious during the surgery. The patient made a perfect recovery after surgery. Conclusions: The accurate preoperative assessment and personalized treatment are very important for peripheral nerve entrapment disease.
Perceptions on abortion and long-acting contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in selected Nigerian States: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Chima Victor , Olagunju Olalekan Seun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: It is estimated that over 210 million pregnancies occur each year, with almost half of these unplanned. The evidence further shows that about 76 million of these unplanned pregnancies occur in the developing world, with 19% ending in induced abortion and 11% of these abortions being unsafe. Abortion is greatly stigmatized in Nigeria, and the lack of a legal framework to support access to abortion services necessitates women seeking abortion services in unsafe places. This study, therefore, examines the perception of women on abortion (prevalence and stigma) on long-acting contraceptive (LARC) use in Nigeria.Methods: We performed secondary data analysis on the round 5 of performance monitoring and accountability (PMA) data for seven states in Nigeria for women of reproductive age (n = 11,284), examining responses on use abortion incidence, perceptions on stigmatization and LARC use using χ2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression models.Results: Socio-demographic factors examined were found to be significantly associated with the perception that abortion was common among women who agreed that abortion was shameful. Women residents in rural areas were more likely (OR = 1.34; p-value = 0.000). Further, married women (OR = 15.18, p-value= 0.000) were 15 times more likely to use LARC.Conclusions: Perceptions that abortion is common, and it is a shameful practice were found to be underlying contributors to LARC use in Nigeria. However, the most significant influence is the socio-demographic factors. Therefore, implementing agencies must ensure to tackle socio-demographic barriers to access and legislation of contraceptive uptake as this would reduce mortality from abortions
Socio-demographic factors Influencing Postpartum care joint decision making and use of Family Planning among the young population in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Olagunju Olalekan Seun , Olaniyan Akintayo , Babalola Tesleem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Population explosion continues to be a serious concern across the globe. The current world population estimate of 7.7 billion people is expected to increase to 9.7 billion by the year 2050. Despite the projected growth, recent reports have shown that approximately, six million infants died before their first birthday, and thirty-five women die per hour as a result of pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) has been recommended to help protect women from unplanned pregnancies within the first six weeks of giving birth. An effective postpartum contraceptive utilization in developing countries could reduce the rate of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study was aimed at examining the socio-demographic factors that influence postpartum care joint decision making and the use of family planning among the young female population in South West, Nigeria.Methods: The study involved the use of primary dataset collected among young mothers aged 15-30 years in South West, Nigeria, in 2019. Inclusion criteria including having a child in the year preceding the survey. One hundred forty respondents were interviewed in three senatorial districts to give 420 respondents, and the data collected were analyzed adopting univariate, bivariate, and multivariate measures.Results: The findings from the study showed that respondents across all the age groups were more likely to jointly agree with their spouse/partner concerning the use of family planning, and this was significant for the age group 25-29 years. Also, there was a significant association between family planning usage and a healthy, meaningful relationship between joint decision, and communication on the use of family planning after delivery (P-value < 0.05).Conclusion: This study revealed the importance of male partners in couple’s decision towards uptake of family planning services. It recommends that focused community orientation, and awareness strategies, including reproductive health education for couples, should be implemented at community grass root levels
In Situ Acoustic Analysis of Two 20th-Century Heritage Carillons
Authors: Orr Scott Allan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which need to be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-20th century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reﬂecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral and Fourier analysis of audio samples of each bell at diﬀerent musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the ‘carillon system’. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument’s unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.