bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Thailand: A Comprehensive Modelling of Epidemic Dynamics
Authors: Verma Suraj , Razzaque Mohammad Abdur , Sangtongdee U , Arpnikanondt C , Tassaneetrithep Boonrat , Arthan Dumrongkiet , Paratthakonkun C , Soonthornworasiri N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease and has become an epidemic in many Asian-Pacific countries, including Thailand. With such epidemic characteristics and potential economic impact, HFMD is a significant public health issue. Comprehensive modelling of HFMD’s epidemic dynamics can be useful in understanding and predicting any potential outbreak of it, and manage its impact efficiently and effectively. Generally, the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases vary across geolocations due to different socio-economic situations, demography, and people’s lifestyles. However, there is no nation-wide and comprehensive (i.e., the inclusion of reinfections in the model) modelling of HFDM dynamics in Thailand. We aim to develop a nation-wide comprehensive modelling of HFMD’s epidemic dynamics and understand the reinfection cases in Thailand.Methods We have formulated Susceptible - Exposed - Infectious - Recovered - Susceptible (SEIRS) epidemiological model with dynamic vitals, including reinfections, to investigate the transmission of this disease in Thailand. We also introduced periodic seasonality to model the seasonal effect. According to the model, the spread of this disease is uneven throughout the provinces in Thailand. So, we have grouped the provinces into three clusters (i.e., highly, moderately and least affected provinces) using K-means unsupervised machine learning algorithm for better estimation of the parameters and fitting the model. We collected data from three local hospitals in Thailand to analyze the reinfection cases.Results The result from the analysis of HFMD recorded cases from three hospital (years 2012 to 2016) shows that 11% (approximately) are reinfections. By fitting the model with HFMD confirmed cases (years 2011 to 2019) and considering the reinfections, the basic reproductive number (R0) was estimated to be 2.643, 1.91 and 3.246 for three clustered provinces.Conclusion In a conclusion, it is found that HFMD is re-infectious disease in Thailand. It is also found that the spread of HFMD is not uniform across the provinces in Thailand. The basic reproductive number R 0 was estimated to be greater than 1 for all the three clusters. This indicates that under the same social and environmental condition, this disease will persist in coming years.
Investigating the Disjoint Between Education and Health Policy for Infant Feeding Among Teenage Mothers in South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zweigenthal Virginia , Strebel Anna , Corrigall Joanne , Hunter-Adams Jo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMany low-and-middle-income countries, including South Africa (SA), have high rates of teenage pregnancy. Following the World Health Organisation recommendations, SA health policy on infant feeding promotes exclusive breast-feeding until six months of age, with gradual weaning. At the same time, SA’s education department, in the interest of learners, promotes teenagers’ return to school post-partum. Yet infant feeding at school is currently not perceived as a realistic option. MethodsThis article explores practice among policy makers and implementers in the education and health sectors in Cape Town, SA. We interviewed health and education officials, managers and policy makers, as well as school principals and nursing staff, who manage adolescent mothers and their babies. ResultsParticipants expressed discomfort at pregnant learners remaining in school late in pregnancy. There was uncertainty about policy regarding when to return to school and how long to breast-feed. Educators reported that new mothers typically returned to school within a fortnight after delivery and that breast-feeding was not common. While health professionals highlighted the benefits of extended breast-feeding for infants and mothers, there was recognition of the potential conflict between the need for the mother to return to school and the recommendation for longer breast-feeding. Additionally, the need for ongoing support of young mothers and their families was highlighted. ConclusionsOur findings suggest educators should actively encourage school attendance in a healthy pregnant adolescent until delivery with later return to school, and health providers should focus attention on breast-feeding for the initial 4-6 weeks postpartum, followed by guided support of formula-feeding. We encourage the active engagement of adolescents’ mothers and extended families who are often involved in infant feeding and care decisions. Education and health departments must engage in intersectoral work to focus on systems that facilitate the interests of both the mother and infant – some exclusive infant feeding together with a supported return to school for the teen mother.
Defining the Clinical Characteristics of Q Fever Endocarditis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Xuehan , Fan Hongwei , Huang Xiaoming , Jiao Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Atypical presentations of Q fever can cause diagnostic difficulty or be misdiagnosed. Here we compared the clinical and diagnostic features of Q fever endocarditis and endocarditis caused by other bacteria to identify features Q fever endocarditis that might facilitate early and accurate diagnosis.Methods: The was a retrospective case-control study of eight cases of Q fever endocarditis diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China and 24 age- and gender-matched patients diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis over the same period. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and compared between groups. Results: The median time interval between symptoms and diagnosis was significantly longer in the case than the control group (8.0 months (IQR 7.0-16.0) vs. 4.0 months (IQR 1.0-7.0); p=0.002). Patients in case group had significantly lower white blood cell counts (5.8±2.4×109/L vs. 10.0±3.4×109/L; p=0.003), high-sensitivity C-creative protein levels (21.1 mg/L (IQR 18.5-32.8) vs. 45.3 mg/L (IQR 32.9-54.3); p=0.038), and platelet counts (133±73 vs. 229±65; p=0.001) but higher levels of rheumatoid factor (104.3 U/L (IQR 99.0-132.8) vs. 10.2 U/L (IQR 6.9-32.5); p=0.011) than controls. Elevated creatinine (50.0% vs. 12.5%; p=0.047) and liver enzymes (50.0% vs. 0%; p=0.002) were more common in cases than controls. Q fever endocarditis was less frequently diagnosed than controls before cardiac surgery (62.5% vs. 100%; p=0.011), with negative blood cultures in all cases and positive cultures in all controls.Conclusions: The diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis can easily be delayed compared to other causes of infectious endocarditis. Patients with chronic fever and new valve dysfunction require careful assessment, especially when presenting with negative blood cultures and high rheumatoid factor levels. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of these patients should include routine serological testing for C. burnetii.
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Diabetes in a COVID-19 Unit: Lessons Learned.
Authors: Ricchio Marco , Tassone Bruno , Pelle Maria Chiara , Mazzitelli Maria , Serapide Francesca , Fusco Paolo , Lionello Rosaria , Cancelliere Anna , Procopio Giada , Lio Elena , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Torti Carlo , Irace Concetta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes may affect in-hospital mortality of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have retrospectively evaluated clinical characteristics, diabetes management, and outcomes in a sample of COVID-19 patients with diabetes admitted to our hospital. MethodsAll patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit from March 28th, 2020, to June 16th, 2020, were enrolled. Clinical information and biochemical parameters were collected at the time of admission. Patients were ranked according to diabetes and death. ResultsSixty-one patients with COVID-19 were analyzed. Most of them were from a long-term health care facility. Mean age was 77±16 years, and 19 had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eighteen patients died, including 8 with T2D and 10 without T2D (p=0.15). Patients with diabetes were significantly older, had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and a significantly lower lymphocyte count. No significant relationship was found between diabetes and in-hospital mortality [OR 2.3; CI 0.73-7.38, p=0.15]. Patients with diabetes were treated with insulin algorithm titration algorithm, with no severe hypoglycemic events, ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemias occurring during hospitalization. Mean fasting pre-meal capillary blood glucose was 157±45 mg/dL, and the coefficient of variation of glycaemia was 29%. ConclusionsOur study, albeit limited by the small number of subjects, did not describe any significant association between T2D diabetes and mortality. Clinical characteristics of patients, and acceptable glucose control prior and during hospitalization may have influenced the result, thus suggesting that the insulin algorithm titration algorithm applied should be validated.
Proteogenomic Landscape of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Ajani Jaffer , Zhao Shuangtao , Wang Ruiping , Song Shumei , Kobayashi Makoto , Hao Dapeng , Han Guangchun , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Pizzi Melissa , Shanbhag Namita , Futreal Andrew , Badgwell Brian , Harada Kazuto , Calin George , Vykoukal Jody , Yu Chuan-Yih , Katayama Hiroyuki , Hanash Samir , Wang Linghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) often leads to peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and is associated with very poor outcomes. Therapeutic are limited and effective. Here we report the first proteogenomic study of PC cells from a prospective GAC cohort (n = 26 patients). A total of 16,449 proteins were detected from whole cell extracts (TCEs). PC cells could be classified based on the protein profiles alone into three distinct unsupervised clusters (tumor cell enriched, immune cell enriched and tumor-immune mixed) that differed in expression of oncogene/immune-related proteins. Integrated analysis revealed enriched biological pathways and notably, novel druggable targets (cancer-testis antigens, kinases, and receptors) that could be exploited to develop effective therapies and/or tumor stratifications. Systematic comparison of expression levels of proteins and mRNAs revealed novel expression patterns of key cancer genes notably high mRNA and low protein expression of HAVCR2, low mRNA but high protein expression of cancer testis antigens CTAGE1 and CTNNA2. These results inform strategies to target GAC vulnerabilities.
Transcriptome-based Stemness Indices Analysis Reveals Platinum-based Chemotheraputic Response Indicators in Advanced-stage Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sun Xinwei , Liu Qingyu , Huang Jie , Diao Ge , Liang Zhiqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a main histological subtype of ovarian cancer (OC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with self-renewal and differentiation potential, are considered to be the cause of chemoresistance in SOC. However, the underlying modulation mechanisms of chemoresistance led by cancer stemness are still undefined. Results: We found that mRNAsi and corrected mRNAsi (by tumor purity) scores were both greater in tumors of Grade 3 and 4 than that of Grade 1 and 2, indicating a stronger stemness in cancer cells of higher grades. A total of 42 key genes were obtained from the most significant mRNAsi-related gene module. Functional annotation revealed that these key genes were mainly involved in mitotic division and were closely related to cell proliferation. A total of 13 potential platinum response indicators were selected from the genes enriched to platinum-response associated pathways. Among the 13 key genes, we identified 11 genes with prognostic value of progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced-stage SOC patients treated with chemotherapy containing platinum and 7 prognostic genes in patients treated with the combination of platinum and taxol. The expression of the 13 key genes was also validated between platinum-resistant and sensitive SOC samples of advanced stages in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Conclusion: The results revealed that CDC20 was a potential platinum-based chemotherapeutic response indicator in advanced-stage SOC and the findings may provide new insight into the prediction of drug response thus to guiding the use of chemotherapies in patients of advanced-stage SOC in the clinic.
THE FEATURES OF BIOLOGY OF HARMONIA AXYRIDIS PALL. AND THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS IN UKRAINE AGROCOENOSIS
Authors: Fedorenko Vitaliy , Medvid Yana 
Published: October 2020

The research was conducted in 2017–2019 years in the Institute of Plant Protection of The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the Laboratory of entomology and resistance of agricultural crops against pests (Kyiv, Ukraine). The objective of the research is investigation of particular biology features of Harmonia axyridis Pall. in comparison with the main species of coccinellids in typical agrocoenosis. The research methods are the following: laboratory method that means laboratory maintenance of coccinellids; mathematical-statistical method that means statistical processing of the obtained results. The Coccinellidae family (Latreille, 1807) has an important economic value in the human business activities. Most species are predators of aphids, scale insects, thrips, spider mites, leafhoppers, whiteflies, eggs and larvae of other small arthropods. Coccinellids are marked by their high gluttony, polyphagous, fertility. Beetles and larvae of ladybirds play a significant role in the quantity control of pests of agricultural, forest and ornamental plants. Since 2009 researchers in Ukraine have devoted great attention to identification and distribution of invasive species of Asian lady beetle, or Multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harlequin ladybird, Halloween ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773). H. axyridis Pall. is characterized by its wide ecological plasticity, trophic specialization, greater gluttony, fertility and number of generations leading to the gradual displacement of local species of coccinellids. The comparative results of researches of some biology features of H. axyridis Pall. and the most common species of ladybirds are presented. The survival of coccinellids imago during the wintering, in the active period in the absence of feed, their gluttony for different species of aphids is examined. Features of oviposition and duration of various stages of coccinellids development are presented. In the laboratory the Asian lady beetle was marked among other species by the number of its laid eggs, oviposition period, duration of various stages of its development, survival and gluttony
Indonesian traffic sign detection based on Haar-PHOG features and SVM classification
Authors: Sugiharto Aris , Harjoko Agus , Suharto Suharto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Segmentation and feature extraction contributes to improved accuracy in traffic sign detection. As traffic signs are often located in complex environments, it is essential to develop feature extraction based on shapes. The Haar–PHOG feature is a development of both HOG and PHOG based on Canny edge detection. One of its advantages is that PHOG feature conducts calculation in four different frequencies of LL, HL, LH, and HH. Results from experiments on four roads in Central Java and Yogyakarta using SVM classification show that the use of the Haar–PHOG feature provides a better result than the use of HOG and PHOG.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AUD DENGAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN CONGKLAK
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu 
Published: October 2020

<p>This study aims to introduce the AUD Learning Model with Modification of Congklak Games that are Effective As a Child Development Stimulation Facility. This type of research is Development Research. Subjects were children of group B in RA in RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Research data collection method uses: Observation, Interview and Documentation. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis with percentage validation data.</p><p>The results showed: AUD learning model with Congklak Game Modification was delivered through stories with the help of posters, singing together, question and answer, mentioning, drawing and playing Congklak according to the theme of using learning models with effective Congklak Game Modification. This effectiveness is indicated by a significance value greater than 0.05. This is supported by the results of calculationst.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menemukan Model Pembelajaran AUD dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak yang efektif Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Pengembangan (<em>Research and Development).</em> Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B di RA di RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan: Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi .Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan data validasi persentase.</p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Model pembelajaran AUD dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak ini diantarkan melalui cerita dengan bantuan poster,menyanyi bersama,tanya jawab, menyebutkan, gambar dan bermain Congklak sesuai tema model pembelajaran menggunakan dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak efektif. Keefektifan ini ditujukkan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil perhitungan t tes</p>
Does development reduce damage risk from climate extremes? Empirical evidence for floods in India
Authors: Bahinipati Chandra Sekhar , Patnaik Unmesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using a dataset on reported loss and damage (L&D) from flood-affected Indian states between 1953 and 2011, this paper inquires whether development makes states become flood resilient. Although the disaster-specific and the generic adaptation measures have been largely researched, there are limited empirical studies, particularly those that conducted an analysis at the sub-national level and used a dataset of more than 50 years. Considering human development and different loss and damage indicators is another advantage. Employing zero-inflated negative binomial and fixed effects models, this study produces three major findings. First, an increasing trend is observed for the reported loss and damage indicators across the states. Second, both human development and income are mostly found as statistically insignificant, indicating that the states are not becoming flood-resilient with respect to the present development. Third, there is a lack of evidence of learning effect, however, disaster risk management programme mitigates risk. Therefore, the paper suggests that the ongoing development strategies must take into account climate risk and address the persistent adaptation deficit. These findings could have larger policy implications since Indian states are likely to encounter such events frequently, and they also provide inputs to several states' action plans on climate change.
Performance evaluation for urban water supply services in China
Authors: Li Shuang , Han Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Performance evaluation of water supply has become one of the hot issues of continuous concern in the water industry in recent years. Based on advanced international experience and the actual situation of China's water supply operation management, this paper combined quantitative indicator evaluation with the qualitative evaluation of good practices, and established a comprehensive performance evaluation method, which is suitable for China's national conditions. The system carried out a regional demonstration study and achieved good results, which will lay the foundation for the application of performance assessment of water supply in China.
Autotrophic denitrification via nitrate as an effective approach for removal of dissolved sulfide in anaerobic reactors
Authors: Brito Jéssyca de Freitas Lima , Aguiar Araújo Camylla Rachelle , Garcia Neto Gabriel Alfredo , dos Santos André Bezerra , da Silva Marcos Erick Rodrigues , Firmino Paulo Igor Milen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work assessed the effect of adding different concentrations of nitrate (50–300 mg ·L−1) on the removal of dissolved and gaseous sulfide in an anaerobic reactor treating synthetic effluent containing sulfate (100 mg ·L−1) and organic matter (1 g COD·L−1). Autotrophic denitrification, stimulated by the addition of nitrate, was demonstrated to be a very effective approach for removal of dissolved sulfide even in the presence of a high concentration of organic matter (complete removal with 50 mg mg·L−1). However, it had a minor effect on H2S(g). Sulfide remained partially oxidized to elemental sulfur even with excess nitrate (100–300 mg mg·L−1). Therefore, the competition for this electron acceptor between the autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification pathways may have prevented the conversion of the generated sulfide into sulfate again. No evidence of inhibition of methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis was found during nitrate supplementation.
Patient Triage by Topic Modeling of Referral Letters: Feasibility Study
Authors: Spasic Irena , Button Kate 
Published: October 2020

Background
Musculoskeletal conditions are managed within primary care, but patients can be referred to secondary care if a specialist opinion is required. The ever-increasing demand for health care resources emphasizes the need to streamline care pathways with the ultimate aim of ensuring that patients receive timely and optimal care. Information contained in referral letters underpins the referral decision-making process but is yet to be explored systematically for the purposes of treatment prioritization for musculoskeletal conditions.

Objective
This study aims to explore the feasibility of using natural language processing and machine learning to automate the triage of patients with musculoskeletal conditions by analyzing information from referral letters. Specifically, we aim to determine whether referral letters can be automatically assorted into latent topics that are clinically relevant, that is, considered relevant when prescribing treatments. Here, clinical relevance is assessed by posing 2 research questions. Can latent topics be used to automatically predict treatment? Can clinicians interpret latent topics as cohorts of patients who share common characteristics or experiences such as medical history, demographics, and possible treatments?

Methods
We used latent Dirichlet allocation to model each referral letter as a finite mixture over an underlying set of topics and model each topic as an infinite mixture over an underlying set of topic probabilities. The topic model was evaluated in the context of automating patient triage. Given a set of treatment outcomes, a binary classifier was trained for each outcome using previously extracted topics as the input features of the machine learning algorithm. In addition, a qualitative evaluation was performed to assess the human interpretability of topics.

Results
The prediction accuracy of binary classifiers outperformed the stratified random classifier by a large margin, indicating that topic modeling could be used to predict the treatment, thus effectively supporting patient triage. The qualitative evaluation confirmed the high clinical interpretability of the topic model.

Conclusions
The results established the feasibility of using natural language processing and machine learning to automate triage of patients with knee or hip pain by analyzing information from their referral letters.