bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newtons Methodologie: Eine Kritik an Duhem, Feyerabend und Lakatos
Authors: Feldbacher-Escamilla Christian J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Newtonian research program consists of the core axioms of the Principia Mathematica, a sequence of force laws and auxiliary hypotheses, and a set of methodological rules. The latter underwent several changes and so it is sometimes claimed that, historically seen, Newton and the Newtonians added methodological rules post constructione in order to further support their research agenda. An argument of Duhem, Feyerabend, and Lakatos aims to provide a theoretical reason why Newton could not have come up with his theory of the Principia in accordance with his own methodology: Since Newton’s starting point, Kepler’s laws, contradict the law of universal gravitation, he could not have applied the so-called method of analysis and synthesis. In this paper, this argument is examined with reference to the Principia’s several editions. Newton’s method is characterized, and necessary general background assumptions of the argument are made explicit. Finally, the argument is criticized based on a contemporary philosophy of science point of view.
Is There Moral Progress?
Authors: Buddeberg Eva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Post- and decolonial theory have contested the idea of historical progress as a Eurocentric, hegemonic, or neocolonialist misconception. Does this imply that we should give up any idea of moral progress? This paper critically examines Allen Buchanan’s and Russell Powell’s book The Evolution of Moral Progress and their claim that there is still a need for a theory of moral progress. For Buchanan and Powell, such theory should allow and guide a better understanding of what moral progress consists of. Even though they do not claim to already provide us with such a comprehensive theory of moral progress they aim to work out whether and how certain types of moral progress are possible and assess their limits. In doing so they mainly focus on improvements in terms of social participation as an uncontroversial type of moral progress. In the following, I will first discuss the characteristics of the authors’ notion of progress and then raise some critical concerns about the example they have chosen of the history of human rights as a history of progress and, particularly, about the history of the rights of people with disabilities.
The Crucifix Dispute and Value Pluralism
Authors: Polanowska-Sygulska Beata 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to interpret the striking divergence between the two judgments passed by the European Court of Human Rights in the Lautsi v Italy case in terms of value pluralism. The latter is a hotly debated position in ethics, brought to life in the second half of the twentieth century by Isaiah Berlin. Pluralism elucidates these in interesting ways. First, value pluralism sheds light on three major aspects of the trial before the European Court of Human Rights: the nature of the collision of values, the discrepancy between the two decisions, and the rationale of the final judgment. Secondly, this is my thesis that while the first judgment fits ethical monism, which underlies Dworkin’s ‘one right answer’ theory, the second ruling chimes with pluralism. The pluralist spirit of the Grand Chamber’s final decision turned Europe away from the path of Americanization.
Varieties and Functions of Institutions
Authors: Eriksson Lina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hindriks describes institutions as norm-governed social practices, and argue that his theory help bring together and complete earlier theories of institutions. In this comment on his paper, I argue that his argument would be even better if he clarified certain parts of his argument with regards to the nature of institutions and the relationship between institutions and social norms. I also argue that he should reconsider his claim that institutions (and social norms) exist in order to solve cooperation and coordination problems.
The Lie group of vertical bisections of a regular Lie groupoid
Authors: Schmeding Alexander 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this note we construct an infinite-dimensional Lie group structure on the group of vertical bisections of a regular Lie groupoid.
We then identify the Lie algebra of this group and discuss regularity properties (in the sense of Milnor) for these Lie groups.
If the groupoid is locally trivial, i.e., a gauge groupoid, the vertical bisections coincide with the gauge group of the underlying bundle.
Hence, the construction recovers the well-known Lie group structure of the gauge groups.
To establish the Lie theoretic properties of the vertical bisections of a Lie groupoid over a non-compact base, we need to generalise the Lie theoretic treatment of Lie groups of bisections for Lie groupoids over non-compact bases.
On the geometrical properties of hypercomplex four-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups
Authors: Nasehi Mehri , Aghasi Mansour 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper we first classify left-invariant generalized Ricci solitons on four-dimensional hypercomplex Lie groups equipped with three families of left-invariant
Lorentzian metrics.
Then, on these Lorentzian spaces, we explicitly calculate the energy of an arbitrary left-invariant vector field X and determine the exact form of all left-invariant unit time-like vector fields which are spatially harmonic.
Furthermore, we give a complete and explicit description of all homogeneous structures on these spaces in both Riemannian and Lorentzian cases and determine some of their types.
The existence of Einstein four-dimensional hypercomplex Lorentzian Lie groups is proved and it is shown that although the results concerning Einstein-like metrics, conformally flatness and some equations in the Riemannian case are much richer than their Lorentzian analogues, in the Lorentzian case, there exist some new critical points of energy functionals, homogeneous structures and geodesic vectors which do not exist in the Riemannian case.
Determinants of e-cigarette use among a sample of high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Bigwanto Mouhamad , Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Orlan Elizabeth , Farradika Yoli , Purnama Tri Bayu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study took place in eight high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 students were recruited by multistage cluster random sampling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine the associations between socio-demographic, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and e-cigarette use.ResultsRespondents were 54.1% male and the mean age was 16 years old [standard deviation (SD): 1.02]. In this sample, 32.2% of students (n = 247) had ever used e-cigarettes and 11.8% of students were e-cigarette users (n = 90). Several measured factors were positively associated with e-cigarette use, including: current smoking of conventional cigarettes [odds ratio (OR): 2.06]; perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive than conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.98); perception that e-cigarettes do not cause cancer (OR: 2.38); parental acceptance of e-cigarette use (OR: 3.80); and having enough money to buy e-cigarettes (OR: 3.24). The only variable found that was negatively associated with e-cigarette use was teacher’s use of e-cigarettes (OR: 0.34).ConclusionsThis study found that student social influences, perceptions about and accessibility to e-cigarettes were significantly positively associated with e-cigarette use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study highlights the importance of educating students, their parents and teachers regarding safety and potential health hazards of using e-cigarettes. Efforts to implement and enforce youth access restrictions on e-cigarettes in Indonesia are crucial to preventing further uptake of these products.
Kant’s innovative theory of judgment and cognition in the False Subtlety of Syllogistic Figures
Authors: Vatavu Mihaela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kant’s early work The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures is typically considered a narrow, technical work still embedded in the tradition of Wolffian logic. I argue instead that it needs to be considered in light of Kant’s developing theory of cognition and his corresponding criticism of the Wolffian single faculty theory. Whereas the mature Kant criticizes the rationalists for misrepresenting the nature of sensibility, the urgent task facing him at this stage seems to have been a proper determination of the nature of the understanding. On the Wolffian framework, the latter is defined in a merely nominal manner, in terms of a generic cognitive task: the distinct representation of the possible. On Kant’s view, however, distinctness entails a capacity to relate representations, which only happens in the act of judgment. Thus, the stated aim of the False Subtlety notwithstanding, the work attempts to reorganize the logical operations around the capacity to judge. In turn, by defining the higher faculty of cognition in terms of an act of relating representations, Kant wants to show that this faculty cannot stem from a power of representation that we share with non-rational animals and must instead rest on a different fundamental power, which at the time he alternatively calls “inner sense” or “consciousness”.
Physiological Performance Characteristics of Danish National Team Handball Players 1990–2016: Implications on Position-Specific Strength and Conditioning Training
Authors: Bøgild Pelle , Jensen Kurt , Kvorning Thue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bøgild, P, Jensen, K, and Kvorning, T. Physiological performance characteristics of Danish National Team Handball players 1990–2016: implications on position-specific strength and conditioning training. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1555–1563, 2020—The aims of this study were: (a) to examine the anthropometric and physiological performance characteristics in male and female national team handball (TH) players before and after 2000; and (b) to compare anthropometry and physiological performance characteristics between court playing positions in male and female national TH players. Using a federal database containing physiological test data from 1990 to 2016 of more than 800 national A and U (under 21 years) TH players, data from 175 men and 138 women were extracted by their first appearance for pre- or post-2000 and sorted by playing positions. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Pre- vs. post-2000 male A showed no differences, whereas differences were found in male U, female A, and female U. General position-specific differences for both sexes were wings being lowest, lightest, and having lowest fat-free mass (FFM), pivots having higher body mass and FFM than back-court players, and higher %BF than wings. Back-court players and wings had higher jump and reach (JR) than pivots, and wings were faster on 30 m than pivots. Based on these findings, no general differences seem to exist before and after the year 2000 in the observed physiological parameters. The primary differences between playing positions were anthropometric, whereas the physiological performance characteristics, in general, did not differ between playing positions, except for the pivots' lower JR and the wings' faster 30 m, indicating that earlier documented differences in on-court work demands had not, in general, impacted the players' physiological performance characteristics.
Impact of total thyroidectomy on quality of life at 6 months: the prospective ThyrQoL multicentre trial
Authors: Mirallié E , Borel F , Tresallet C , Hamy A , Mathonnet M , Lifante J C , Brunaud L , Menégaux F , Hardouin J B , Blanchard C , _ _ 
Published: December 2019

Objective
This study is to determine the impact of complications after total thyroidectomy on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and to identify significant predictive factors of HR-QoL changes. HR-QoL is usually impaired in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the general population. Thyroidectomy is largely performed in the case of benign thyroid benign and can be associated with long-term complications (vocal cord palsy, hypoparathyroidism).

Design
The prospective ThyrQoL multicenter trial (NCT02167529) included 800 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant non-extensive disease in seven French referral hospitals between 2014 and 2016.

Methods
HR-QoL was assessed using the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) self-questionnaire with a 6-month follow-up.

Results
We observed a significant improvement of HR-QoL 6 months after surgery (P < 0.0001). Postoperative complications were associated with a non-significant impairment of HR-QoL. In multivariable analysis, Graves’ disease was associated with a significant improvement of HR-QoL (OR = 2.39 [1.49; 3.84]) and thyroid malignant disease with an impairment of HR-QoL (OR = 1.44 [0.99; 2.08]) after thyroidectomy.

Conclusion
We observed a significant improvement of HR-QoL 6 months after total thyroid surgery for benign thyroid disease.
СПЕЦИФІКА НАВЧАННЯ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ЗОРУ
Authors: Matveyeva Nataliіa 
Published: December 2019

У статті наголошено, що особливо актуальною сьогодні є проблема навчання, виховання та розвитку осіб з особливими освітніми потребами, а зокрема з порушеннями зору. Позаяк чисельність осіб з даною нозологією щорічно зростає, про що засвідчують статистичні дані Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, актуалізується необхідність пошуку нових підходів до навчання та виховання молоді; вибору нетрадиційних форм, методів, прийомів та засобів навчання дітей шкільного віку з порушеннями зору. Розв’язання цього та низки інших супровідних завдань мають на меті створення належного комфортного середовища, у якому учням було б затишно перебувати поряд з іншими школярами, успішно навчатись, опановувати пожиттєво необхідні компетенції, розвивати свої задатки та здібності, реалізовувати творчий потенціал.
Натомість особливо важливим є подолання низки труднощів, що мають місце у процесі упровадження інклюзивної моделі навчання, позаяк саме вони призводять до гальмування даного процесу загалом та призводять до виникнення різноманітних перешкод у життєдіяльності учнів.
Мета дослідження полягала у виокремленні низки особливостей даної категорії молодших школярів, встановленні їх реальних можливостей щодо здійснення навчання у школі та визначенні специфіки навчально-виховної діяльності вчителів у роботі із ними; встановленні переліку вимог до діяльності вчителя задля попередження появи певних труднощів у процесі навчання; встановленні рівня готовності учнів із порушеннями зору до навчання у загальноосвітньому навчальному закладі.
У процесі нашого дослідження нами було використано наступні методи, а саме:теоретичні (опрацювання літературних джерел, нормативно-правової бази інклюзивної освіти); емпіричні (анкетування, опитування, спостереження, етичні бесіди, ранжування, експертне оцінювання, методи статистичної обробки даних).
Результати нашого дослідження ще раз підтвердили вже існуючі гіпотези низки науковців про те, що у випадку включення дітей із різними видами нозологій на навчання у ЗОШ необхідно ретельно вивчити їх особливості та можливості, своєчасно діагностуючи індивідуальні можливості, задатки, рівень научуваності, особливості учнів; накреслити основні шляхи задля підвищення ефективності створення інклюзивного середовища у навчальному закладі; здійснювати інноваційну діяльність задля надання якісних освітніх послуг молодшим школярам з порушеннями зору.
ФЕМІНІСТИЧНА ПЕДАГОГІКА ЯК НАПРЯМ КРИТИЧНОЇ ПЕДАГОГІКИ
Authors: Turchyn Iryna 
Published: December 2019

У статті на підставі аналізу поглядів педагогів визначено роль феміністичної педагогіки в сучасній науці. Подано теоретичний огляд феміністичної педагогіки в працях зарубіжних і вітчизняних науковців, що значно розширює ґрунтовне вивчення цієї проблематики. Акцентовано на феміністичній педагогіці як напрямі критичної педагогіки.
Розглянуто проблему феміністичної педагогіки, що є актуальною особливо завдяки вивченню поглядів бразильського педагога і філософа П. Фрейре, який посідає вагоме місце серед когорти відомих педагогів. Визначено роль цієї педагогіки у його працях. Завдяки вивченню праць бразильського педагога з’ясовано, що рівноправне ставлення учня та вчителя, яке П. Фрейре виділяв у «проблемно-орієнтованій» моделі освіти, повинно інтегруватися у феміністичний напрям у педагогіці. Зауважено на важливості студентоцентризму та демократії в освітньому процесі. Досліджено погляди П. Фрейре та А. Шор щодо сексизму під час проведення занять. Проаналізовано праці українських (І. Кизима та Н. Самойленко) і зарубіжних (Дж. Кенвей, Л. Макклюр, Д. Маседо, Г. Модра, П. Фрейре та А. Шор) авторів у контексті вивчення феміністичної педагогіки.
Застосовано такі теоретичні методи, як контент-аналіз, синтез результатів опрацьованих досліджень, а також пошуково-бібліографічний метод.
Розкрито дефініцію «феміністичної педагогіки», що є напрямом критичної педагогіки, в основі якого – стосунки між статями в освітньому процесі, зокрема необхідною умовою якого є зміна ставлення до учениць або студенток. Актуальність статті полягає в ретельному аналізі поглядів П. Фрейре та виділенні аспектів, що є актуальними у феміністичній педагогіці.
АНАЛІЗ СУТНОСТІ ТА ВЕКТОРНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОНТЕКСТНОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО ВИКЛАДАННЯ КУРСУ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ»
Authors: Humeniuk Iryna 
Published: December 2019

Стaття присвяченa рoзгляду метoдичнoгo пoтенцiaлу кoнтекстнoгo пiдхoду дo виклaдaння укрaїнськoї мoви зa прoфесiйним спрямувaнням. Aктуaльнiсть пiднятoї прoблеми зумoвлюється неoбхiднiстю пiдгoтoвки мoбiльнoгo фaхiвця, здaтнoгo сaмoстiйнo нaвчaтися впрoдoвж життя. У стaттi oкресленo дефiнiцiю пoняття «технoлoгiя кoнтекстнoгo нaвчaння», визнaченo мiсце цiєї технoлoгiї у метoдичнiй системi курсу.
Метoю публiкaцiї є виявлення метoдичних мoжливoстей вектoрнoгo зaстoсувaння кoнтекстнoгo пiдхoду дo виклaдaння укрaїнськoї мoви зa прoфесiйним спрямувaнням, прoведення структурнo-змiстoвoгo aнaлiзу сутнoстi термiнa «технoлoгiя кoнтекстнoгo нaвчaння».
Для вирiшення oкреслених зaвдaнь дoслiдження викoристaнo кoмплекс метoдiв: нaукoвoгo aбстрaгувaння, aнaлiзу i системaтизaцiї лiтерaтурних джерел для виявлення ступеня рoзкриття прoблеми в сучaснoму нaукoвoму прoстoрi, термiнoлoгiчний aнaлiз для oкреслення пoнятiйнoгo aпaрaту дoслiдження, метoди вiзуaлiзaцiї тa узaгaльнення.
Aвтoр нaгoлoшує нa унiверсaльнoстi тa нaвчaльнiй мoбiльнoстi курсу «Укрaїнськa мoвa зa прoфесiйним спрямувaнням». Вкaзує нa неoбхiднiсть зaстoсувaння кoнтекстнoгo пiдхoду дo виклaдaння нaзвaнoгo курсу в кoнтекстi вхoдження в єврoпейський oсвiтнiй прoстiр.
Oсoбливa увaгa зверненa нa виявлення взaємoзaлежнoстi мiж oпaнувaнням зaвдaннями прaктичнoгo блoку дисциплiни «Укрaїнськa мoвa (зa прoфесiйним спрямувaнням)», сaмoстiйнoю рoбoтoю студентiв тa прoдуктивнiстю нaбуття ними кoмунiкaтивнoгo дoсвiду.
Circles of Organizing
Authors: Fujino Diane C. , Harmachis Matef , Gonzalez Fabiola , Lopez Casmali , Bazan Sara , Fujino-Harmachis Kano , Parmet Barbara , Swift Kathy , Betita Juliet Velarde 
Published: December 2019

The Ethnic Studies Now! Santa Barbara Coalition (ESNSB) formed in December 2015 as a community-based, intergenerational collective with the goal of establishing an ethnic studies course as a high school graduation requirement in Santa Barbara, California. From the beginning, ESNSB understood that this work fit into a broader context of building democratic education and grassroots participation in our community. At the same time, ESNSB needed to work as a grassroots organization with the Santa Barbara Unified School District (SBUSD) and the school board to achieve our immediate goal.
Several significant questions arise from our organizing. While it matters that activists work with institutional stakeholders to implement new policies, what changes when grassroots organizers are part of the process? How do activists work with institutions while countering the institutions’ tendency to absorb or co-opt their efforts? How does a multigenerational organization, such as ESNSB, work to develop youth leadership as well as to create structures that offset the tendency of adults to take charge and to take over? One partial response is that ESNSB operated on a model of collective leadership. But what is collective leadership? How might it work in practice? What is the relationship between models of organizing and democratic education? By addressing questions such as these, this article seeks to illuminate aspects of grassroots organizing that can help to build social movements for (and beyond) ethnic studies.
The Importance of the Diocesan Synod to the Particular Church
Authors: Kantor Robert 
Published: December 2019

“Particular Churches, in which and from which, the one and only Catholic Church exists, are principally dioceses. Unless the contrary is clear, the following are equivalent to a diocese: a territorial prelature, a territorial abbacy, a vicariate apostolic, a prefecture apostolic and a permanently established apostolic administration” (canon 368 of the Code of Canon Law). In December 2016, the Bishop of Tarnów convened the 5th Synod of the Diocese of Tarnów. The main purpose of a Synod – in the opinion of the Bishop of Tarnów – was to demonstrate the spiritual, pastoral and material heritage of the Christ’s Church in the Diocese of Tarnów; to revive faith, hope and love in the personal and community relationship with Christ in the Church; and to indicate new pastoral ways in the changeability of the world towards the unchangeability of Christ. Taking this into consideration the article analyzes the following issues: the definition of a synod; the purpose of a synod; convocation of and presiding over a diocesan synod; the preparation of a synod; Pope Francis about synodality, and finally “The Church is our neighbour” – a synod as an expression of love for the Church.
Ulusal Gazetelerin Haber Metinlerinde Öğretmen Temsili
Authors: KAHVECİ Hakkı , PAKSOY Alaaddin F. 
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı ulusal gazetelerde öğretmenlerin ve öğretmenlik mesleğinin nasıl temsil edildiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda örneklem için Türkiye’de ulusal düzeyde yayın yapan üç gazete (Hürriyet, Sabah ve Sözcü) araştırma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Örneklemin seçiminde gazetelerin tirajı, mülkiyet durumu ve siyasi duruşu dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılacağı sürece en yakın eğitim-öğretim dönemi olan 1 Eylül 2017 ile 31 Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında öğretmenlerle ilgili çıkan metinler araştırma örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Haber metinleri PRNet dijital gazete arşivinden elde edilmiş ve metinlerin doğru bir şekilde taranabilmesi için “öğretmen” kelimesi anahtar kelime olarak seçilmiştir. Ulaşılan veriler üzerinde çalışılarak öğretmenlerle ilgili iyimser düşünceler oluşturabilecek haberler olumlu; kötümser düşünceler oluşturabilecek haberler olumsuz; herhangi bir duygu ve düşünceye yol açmayacak haberler ise dengeli olarak kategorilere ayrılmıştır. Bu kategorilerin altında ise temalar ve konular bulunmaktadır. Örneklemdeki üç gazetede de öğretmenlerle ilgili okuyucunun dikkatini çekebilecek farklı konulardaki haberlere yer verildiği görülmektedir. Olumlu haberlerin sunulmasında gazeteler arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamakta ve öğretmenlerin olumlu etkinlik ve eylemleri haberleştirilmektedir. Sözcü ve kısmen de Hürriyet gazeteleri siyasi iktidarı eleştirebilecek olumsuz haberlere daha fazla yer vermektedir. Bazı olumsuz haberlerin sunumunda kullanılan dil ve üslup tüm gazetelerde kışkırtıcı, genelleyici ve olumsuz algıyı derinleştirici yöndedir. Bu da öğretmenlerin imajını zedeleyebilecek niteliktedir.