bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mischinfektionen bei kontaktlinsenassoziierter mykotischer Keratitis mit Pseudomonas oder Akanthamöben
Authors: Farah C. J. , Seitz B. , Hamon L. , Sourlis C. , Daas L. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungKontaktlinsenassoziierte Keratitiden werden immer häufiger. Die mykotische Keratitis ist ein relativ seltenes, aber sehr ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild. Meist wird im Frühstadium eine falsche Diagnose gestellt und dadurch die adäquate Therapie verzögert. Bei der therapierefraktären kontaktlinsenassoziierten mykotischen Keratitis können nicht selten auch Koinfektionen oder Superinfektionen bestehen. Wir stellen 2 Patienten mit initial unklarer Keratitis vor, bei denen eine Mischinfektion der mykotischen Keratitis mit Pseudomonas aeruginosa bzw. Akanthamöben nachgewiesen werden konnte. In beiden Fällen war die zeitnahe perforierende Excimerlaser-Keratoplastik mit Einzelknüpfnähten und adäquater Lokaltherapie über 8 Wochen therapeutisch erfolgreich.
High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells
Authors: Pieles Oliver , Reck Anja , Morsczeck Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDental follicle cells (DFCs) are progenitor cells for mineralizing cells such as alveolar osteoblasts, but little is known about the mechanisms of the differentiation. Interestingly, different cell lines sometimes have different potentials to differentiate into mineralizing cells. In this study, we compared two different DFC lines, with one cell line (DFC_B) showing a high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in long-term cultures with standard medium and a reliable mineralizing potential. However, the other cell line DFC_A shows low ALP activity in standard medium and almost no mineralization. Known osteogenic markers such as RUNX2 were similarly expressed in both cell lines. However, the proosteogenic signaling pathway of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is induced in DFC_B, and the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is involved in tooth root development, was also expressed more strongly. Previous studies have shown that the secreted PTHrP negatively regulate the transition from pre-osteoblastic progenitors to osteoblasts, but we showed that an inhibition of PTHrP gene expression reduced the ALP activity and the BMP-signaling pathway. In addition, endogenously expressed PTHrP is located in the cell nucleus. In contrast, supplementation of PTHrP or an inhibitor for the PTHrP receptor did not affect the ALP activity of DFC_B. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high endogenous expression of PTHrP in DFCs supports the induction of osteogenic differentiation via an intracrine mode.
Outcome analysis and risk factors for postoperative colonic ischaemia after aortic surgery
Authors: Dovzhanskiy Dmitriy I. , Bischoff Moritz S. , Wilichowski Christopher D. , Rengier Fabian , Klempka Anna , Böckler Dittmar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Colonic ischaemia (CI) represents a serious complication after aortic surgery. This study aimed to analyse risk factors and outcome of patients suffering from postoperative CI.

Methods
Data of 1404 patients who underwent aortic surgery were retrospectively analysed regarding CI occurrence. Co-morbidities, procedural parameters, colon blood supply, procedure-related morbidity and mortality as well as survival during follow-up (FU) were compared with patients without CI using matched-pair analysis (1:3).

Results
Thirty-five patients (2.4%) with CI were identified. Cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal comorbidity were more common in CI patients. Operation time was longer (283 ± 22 vs. 188 ± 7 min, p < 0.0001) and blood loss was higher (2174 ± 396 vs. 1319 ± 108 ml, p = 0.0049) in the CI group. Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) showed a higher rate of CI compared to patients with intact AAA (5.4 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.0177). CI was predominantly diagnosed by endoscopy (26/35), generally within the first 4 postoperative days (20/35). Twenty-eight patients underwent surgery, all finalised with stoma creation. Postoperative bilateral occlusion and/or relevant stenosis of hypogastric arteries were more frequent in CI patients (57.8 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.0273). In-hospital mortality was increased in the CI group (26.7 vs. 2.9%, p < 0.0001). Survival was significantly reduced in CI patients (median: 28.2 months vs. 104.1 months, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
CI after aortic surgery is associated with considerable perioperative sequelae and reduced survival. Especially in patients at risk, such as those with rAAA, complicated intraoperative course, severe cardiovascular morbidity and/or perioperative deterioration of the hypogastric perfusion, vigilant postoperative multimodal monitoring is required in order to initiate diagnosis and treatment.
Theoriestreit um das Verhältnis von Zins- und Wachstumsrate
Authors:   Überblick
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Ausbruch der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise wird die lang anhaltende Niedrigzinsphase zunehmend kontrovers diskutiert. Dabei kommt dem Zusammenhang zwischen dem Zinssatz r und der Wachstumsrate g eine zentrale Rolle zu: So leiten einige Autoren bei r < g eine Begründung für eine expansivere Fiskalpolitik ab. Diesem Thema widmen sich auch die Autoren Carl Christian von Weizsäcker und Hagen Krämer in ihrem aktuellen Buch „Sparen und Investieren im 21. Jahrhundert — Die große Divergenz“. Sie erörtern die Rolle der Determinanten des Zinses im Gleichgewicht aus Sparen und Investieren und leiten politische Implikationen ab. Die zentrale Grundthese ist, dass der negative Realzins ein Indikator dafür ist, dass zu viel gespart wird. Daraus ergibt sich die Forderung nach einer politischen Wende, weg von der Begrenzung der Staatsschulden, hin zu einer Reduktion des Sparüberschusses. Sowohl die Theorie als auch die Politikimplikation haben auf Fachkonferenzen ein breites Echo gefunden. Da diese Diskussionen im Streit der Denkschulen sehr lehrreich sind, sollen in diesem Zeitgespräch sowohl die Autoren als auch ihre Kritiker Hans-Werner Sinn, Peter Bofinger sowie Eckhard Hein zu Wort kommen, die jeweils ihre Sicht der Theorie und Evidenz zum Thema vorstellen.
Politische Ursachen für Rentenprobleme und Altersarmut erfordern grundlegende Reformen
Authors: Niemeier Ernst 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Große Koalition stellt mit der Grundrente vor allem langjährige Beitragszahler besser. Allerdings bekämpft die Grundrente lediglich ein Symptom, statt sich den Ursachen zu widmen: der Politik niedriger Löhne und falscher politischer Maßnahmen. Niedrige Löhne führen zu niedrigen Renten. Die politische Verantwortung für niedrige Renten und Altersarmut macht zur Erreichung existenzsichernder Renten einen steuerfinanzierten Ausgleich notwendig.
Einkommensungleichheit in der EU
Authors: Dauderstädt Michael 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie großen Einkommensunterschiede in der Europäischen Union sind maßgebliche Treiber der innereuropäischen Migration und Standortkonkurrenz. Beides hat ärmere Menschen in den reicheren Mitgliedstaaten beunruhigt. In Großbritannien war die Einwanderung ein Hauptmotiv für den Brexit. Der Stand und die Entwicklung der europaweiten Einkommensverteilung zeigt, dass die Ungleichheit in der EU insgesamt höher ist als innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten. Sie erreicht oder überschreitet sogar das Niveau der USA.
Multivariate framework for the assessment of key forcing to Lake Malawi level variations in non-stationary frequency analysis
Authors: Ngongondo Cosmo , Zhou Yanlai , Xu Chong-Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLake Malawi in south eastern Africa is a very important freshwater system for the socio-economic development of the riparian countries and communities. The lake has however experienced considerable recession in the levels in recent years. Consequently, frequency analyses of the lake levels premised on time-invariance (or stationarity) in the parameters of the underlying probability distribution functions (pdfs) can no longer be assumed. In this study, the role of hydroclimate forcing factors (rainfall, lake evaporation, and inflowing discharge) and low frequency climate variability indicators (e.g., El Nino Southern Oscillation-ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode-IODM) on lake level variations is investigated using a monthly mean lake level dataset from 1899 to 2017. Non-stationarity in the lake levels was tested and confirmed using the Mann-Kendall trend test (α = 0.05 level) for the first moment and the F test for the second moment (α = 0.05 level). Change points in the series were identified using the Mann-Whitney-Pettit test. The study also compared stationary and non-stationary lake level frequency during 1961 to 2004, the common period where data were available for all the forcing factors considered. Annual maximum series (AMS) and peak over threshold (POT) analysis were conducted by fitting various candidate extreme value distributions (EVD) and parameter fitting methods. The Akaike information criteria (AIC), Bayesian information criteria (BIC), deviance information criteria (DIC), and likelihood ratios (RL) served as model evaluation criteria. Under stationary conditions, the AMS when fitted to the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was found to be superior to POT analysis. For the non-stationary models, open water evaporation as a covariate of the lake levels with the GEV and MLE was found to have the most influence on the lake level variations as compared with rainfall, discharge, and the low frequency climatic forcing. The results are very critical in flood zoning especially with various planned infrastructural developments around the lakeshore.
Smart Mobility: Contradictions in Value Co-Creation
Authors: Schulz Thomas , Gewald Heiko , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTechnical progress is disrupting the mobility sector. New door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators promise to offer smart mobility by packaging together different mobility services such as car-sharing and public transport. However, mobility providers up to now have rarely entered into value co-creation relationships. As a result, citizens are offered mobility that cannot be considered truly smart. Although value co-creation has been the subject of numerous studies taking the service-dominant logic perspective, this research has often lacked empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conceptualize value co-creation between mobility providers and a D2D mobility integrator by applying Activity Theory. Based on a qualitative study in the German mobility sector, we identify several inhibitors of value co-creation from the viewpoint of mobility providers. In addition, we show how these inhibitors serve as triggers for adaptations, ultimately leading to the formation of a value co-creation relationship.
Herbivore-induced volatile emissions are altered by soil legacy effects in cereal cropping systems
Authors: Malone Shealyn C. , Weaver David K. , Seipel Tim F. , Menalled Fabian D. , Hofland Megan L. , Runyon Justin B. , Trowbridge Amy M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims (main purpose and research question)
Soil properties, including microbial composition and nutrient availability, can influence the emissions of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as host-location cues for insect pests and their natural enemies. Agricultural practices have profound effects on soil properties, but how these influence crop VOCs remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of agricultural practices on constitutive and herbivore-induced VOC emissions by a major staple crop through soil legacy effects.

Methods
In a full factorial experiment, we measured VOC emissions by wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in soil inoculum from wheat-fallow or wheat-cover crop rotations that was subjected to feeding by larval Cephus cinctus.

Results (main findings)
Under herbivory, plants grown in cover crop inoculum emitted greater total VOCs, including higher concentrations of 2-pentadecanone, an insect repellent, and nonanal, a compound important in the recruitment of natural enemies. Plants grown in fallow inoculum showed no differences in emissions whether under herbivory or not. Soil inoculum did not influence VOC emissions of plants in the absence of larval feeding.

Conclusions
These results suggest that agricultural practices influence crop VOC emissions through soil legacy effects. Additionally, crops grown in wheat-fallow rotations may be less successful recruiting natural enemies of pests through herbivore-induced VOC signaling.

Abbreviations
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV); green leaf volatiles (GLVs); northern Great Plains (NGP); wheat stem sawfly (WSS); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS); generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM).
Is mainstream LCA linear?
Authors: Heijungs Reinout 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
It is frequently mentioned in literature that LCA is linear, without a proof, or even without a clear definition of the criterion for linearity. Here we study the meaning of the term linear, and in relation to that, the question if LCA is indeed linear.

Methods
We explore the different meanings of the term linearity in the context of mathematical models. This leads to a distinction between linear functions, homogeneous functions, homogenous linear functions, bilinear functions, and multilinear functions. Each of them is defined in accessible terms and illustrated with examples.

Results
We analyze traditional, matrix-based, LCA, and conclude that LCA is not linear in any of the senses defined.

Discussion and conclusions
Despite the negative answer to the research question, there are many respects in which LCA can be regarded to be, at least to some extent, linear. We discuss a few of such cases. We also discuss a few practical implications for practitioners of LCA and for developers of new methods for LCI and LCIA.
Analysis of Structural and Functional Differences of Glucans Produced by the Natively Released Dextransucrase of Liquorilactobacillus hordei TMW 1.1822
Authors: Schmid Jonas , Wefers Daniel , Vogel Rudi F. , Jakob Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe properties of the glucopolymer dextran are versatile and linked to its molecular size, structure, branching, and secondary structure. However, suited strategies to control and exploit the variable structures of dextrans are scarce. The aim of this study was to delineate structural and functional differences of dextrans, which were produced in buffers at different conditions using the native dextransucrase released by Liquorilactobacillus (L.) hordei TMW 1.1822. Rheological measurements revealed that dextran produced at pH 4.0 (MW = 1.1 * 108 Da) exhibited the properties of a viscoelastic fluid up to concentrations of 10% (w/v). By contrast, dextran produced at pH 5.5 (MW = 1.86 * 108 Da) was gel-forming already at 7.5% (w/v). As both dextrans exhibited comparable molecular structures, the molecular weight primarily influenced their rheological properties. The addition of maltose to the production assays caused the formation of the trisaccharide panose instead of dextran. Moreover, pre-cultures of L. hordei TMW 1.1822 grown without sucrose were substantial for recovery of higher dextran yields, since the cells stored the constitutively expressed dextransucrase intracellularly, until sucrose became available. These findings can be exploited for the controlled recovery of functionally diverse dextrans and oligosaccharides by the use of one dextransucrase type.
Creating duty on dominant firm: a case for alternative economic analysis
Authors: Narasinga Prabhu Aloke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe desirability of creating norms within the framework of law has been a challenging process in a free market economy. The principles of antitrust law enunciated by courts in abuse of dominant cases has led to ‘refusal to deal’ as a contested doctrine. When dominance is treated as legitimate aspiration and free market choices are the medium to achieve the aspirations of free market enterprises, any duty or obligation cast on the firm is considered antithetical to the spirit of free market unless it eclipses the anticompetitive effect. Where an economic analysis of antitrust law has non-economic impacts with ethical and moral issues, it calls for an alternative economic thought which also considers plural values of society. This also reflects a conflict arising out of lack of norms and respect for property rights. This paper attempts to analyze the cases and framework which is currently employed by the courts and the challenges it puts forth in creating a norm that is universal. The author by drawing on the principles of Gandhian economic thought and its essential features of trusteeship, non-possession and non-violence creates space for resolution of conflicts promoting ethical and moral considerations. Resolution of conflict through ethical and moral norms also assimilates the varied goals of antitrust regulation, including non-economic goals when the goals of antitrust require a broader consideration that accommodates the wider spectrum of market participants.
Re-Imagining ‘Event Management’: on Governmentality and its ‘Afterlife’
Authors: Blackshaw Tony , Coetzee Willem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn an important collection of publications Chris Rojek (2013a, 2013b and 2014) raises some apposite questions pertaining to ‘Event Management’ as a source of ideological power that surrounds both the staging of Mega Events and ‘Events’ as a subject field. The present article begins by elaborating on the key themes emerging from Rojek’s unconventional understanding of ‘Event Management’ which provides the backdrop against which it advances its own arguments. The rest of the discussion develops a novel framework of analysis which suggests that we should substitute ‘governmentality’ for ‘ideology’. It is argued that ‘performative governmentality’ achieves the rule of the ‘knowledgeable’ and ‘knowledge’ as the ruling force in a new way, through ‘efficiency’. The article provides a familiar theoretical framework and equips it with some new conceptual tools. Performative governmentality emerges as the ‘afterlife’ of Foucauldian governmentality, demonstrating that its capability is released only when the context in which it originally existed has disappeared, when it lingers precariously on the verge of disappearance. The article posits a mutual ‘fit’ between sport and the ‘social gradient’ in health and the tasks these pose to individuals under the dramaturgical conditions of the ‘performativity criterion’: to produce for themselves in their leisure the knowledge and the techniques of ‘fitness’ or ‘well-being’. Thereafter it explores how control operates with the societal shift from ‘hierarchy’ and ‘normalization’ to ‘democracy’ and ‘freedom’, arguing that existential insecurity and ontological uncertainty – the products of the fear of invisibility – have become functional to performative governmentality, which appears capable of conjuring conformity through impulses we conventionally associate with empowerment.
Systematic Review on Reproducibility of Nuclear Imaging in the Assessment of Painful Hip and Knee Replacements
Authors: Verberne S. J. , Kuiper J. W. P. , Broos W. A. M. , Temmerman O. P. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNuclear imaging is used in the evaluation of painful arthroplasties for diagnosing loosening or periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this systematic review is to depict the reproducibility of the various nuclear imaging modalities used in the assessment of painful hip and knee arthroplasties. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with a comprehensive search of MEDLINE to identify clinical studies investigating the intra-and inter-observer agreement of nuclear imaging modalities in diagnosing PJI and mechanical loosening. A total of 3.000 studies, published between 2004 and 2020, were reviewed and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment identified concerns with regard to the internal validity in approximately 40% of the included studies. A meta-analysis could not be performed because of insufficient available clinical data. The intra-observer agreement was poorly investigated. The included studies reported an inter-observer agreement of “slight” to “excellent” for bone scintigraphy, “moderate” to “substantial” for leukocyte scintigraphy, “substantial” to “almost perfect” for combined leukocyte and bone marrow scintigraphy, and “fair” to “substantial” for anti-granulocyte scintigraphy. Hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT and FDG-PET/CT demonstrated “substantial” and “almost perfect” inter-observer agreement for symptomatic hip prostheses, respectively. The reproducibility of nuclear imaging is underreported in clinical studies investigating painful knee and hip arthroplasties. Moreover, the included studies demonstrated methodological concerns with a high risk of bias. The available evidence demonstrated a wide range of inter-observer agreement using scintigraphy. Hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT and FDG-PET/CT may improve the accuracy of interpretation and reproducibility. However, literature provides limited data to support this assumption.
Circular Economy and Its Relevance for Improving Food and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Case of Ghana
Authors: Boon Emmanuel Kwesi , Anuga Samuel Weniga 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany countries in the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), are battling with fundamental sustainable development challenges such as widespread poverty, hunger, food and nutrition insecurity and limited access to vital social services like education and healthcare. Climate change impacts during the past decades have exacerbated the situation in the region and pushed several policy-makers, researchers and the international community to vigorously search for appropriate development models that can help to effectively fix the problems in a sustainable manner. The concept of circular economy (CE) has received wide recognition as a feasible accelerator of sustainable development in the world. CE is based on three main principles: controlling finite stock of natural resources and regenerating natural systems; closing loops; and designing out waste. Employing a mixed methodological approach, the paper examines the importance and relevance of the CE model to SSA, with particular reference to Ghana. We also used the multiple R or 6R framework (reduce, reuse, refuse, rethink, repair and recycle) to analyse the circularity of six agricultural crops in northern Ghana. The paper assumes that deploying the CE model to Ghana’s agricultural sector will result in high efficiency in the exploitation of natural resources, increase in yields, improved quality of agricultural products, enormous environmental benefits and food and nutrition security. A number of challenges in the application of the model to Ghana’s agricultural sector are identified and appropriate recommendations provided for fixing them.