bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinematics and dark matter fractions of TNG50 galaxies at z = 2 from an observational perspective
Authors: Übler Hannah , Genel Shy , Sternberg Amiel , Genzel Reinhard , Price Sedona H , Förster Schreiber Natascha M , Shimizu Taro T , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Burkert Andreas , Davies Ric , Hernquist Lars , Lang Philipp , Lutz Dieter , Pakmor Rüdiger , Tacconi Linda J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We contrast the gas kinematics and dark matter contents of z = 2 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations within the ΛCDM framework to observations. To this end, we create realistic mock observations of massive SFGs ($M_*\gt 4\times 10^{10} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$, SFR &gt;50 M⊙ yr−1) from the TNG50 simulation of the IllustrisTNG suite, resembling near-infrared, adaptive-optics assisted integral-field observations from the ground. Using observational line fitting and modelling techniques, we analyse in detail the kinematics of seven TNG50 galaxies from five different projections per galaxy, and compare them to observations of twelve massive SFGs by Genzel et al. (2020). The simulated galaxies show clear signs of disc rotation but mostly exhibit more asymmetric rotation curves, partly due to large intrinsic radial and vertical velocity components. At identical inclination angle, their 1D velocity profiles can vary along different lines of sight by up to Δv = 200 km s−1. From dynamical modelling we infer rotation speeds and velocity dispersions that are broadly consistent with observational results. We find low central dark matter fractions compatible with observations ($f_{\rm DM}^v(\lt R_e)=v_{\rm DM}^2(R_e)/v_{\rm circ}^2(R_e)\sim 0.32\pm 0.10$), however for disc effective radii Re that are mostly too small: at fixed Re the TNG50 dark matter fractions are too high by a factor of ∼2. We speculate that the differences in gas kinematics and dark matter content compared to the observations may be due to physical processes that are not resolved in sufficient detail with the numerical resolution available in current cosmological simulations.
Cell-like-carbon-micro-spheres for robust potassium anode
Authors: Ding Hongbo , Zhou Jiang , Rao Apparao M , Lu Bingan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Large-scale low-cost synthesis methods for potassium ion battery (PIB) anodes with long cycle life and high capacity have remained challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of a biological cell, biomimetic carbon cells (BCCs) were synthesized and used as PIB anodes. The protruding carbon nanotubes across the BCC wall mimicked the ion-transporting channels present in the cell membrane, and enhanced the rate performance of PIBs. In addition, the robust carbon shell of the BCC could protect its overall structure, and the open space inside the BCC could accommodate the volume changes caused by K+ insertion, which greatly improved the stability of PIBs. For the first time, a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer is formed on the surface of amorphous carbon. Collectively, the unique structural characteristics of the BCCs resulted in PIBs that showed a high reversible capacity (302 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 248 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1), excellent cycle stability (reversible capacity of 226 mAh g−1 after 2100 cycles and a continuous running time of more than 15 months at a current density of 100 mA g−1), and an excellent rate performance (160 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). This study represents a new strategy for boosting battery performance, and could pave the way for the next generation of battery-powered applications.
Shocks and labour cost adjustment: evidence from a survey of European firms*
Authors: Mathä Thomas Y. , Millard Stephen , Rõõm Tairi , Wintr Ladislav , Wyszyński Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe use firm-level survey data from 25 EU countries to analyse how firms adjusted their labour costs (employment, wages, and hours) in response to shocks in the years 2008–13. We find that the pattern of adjustment is not much affected by the type of the shock, but differs according to the direction of the shock (positive or negative), its size, and persistence. In 2010–13, firms responding to negative shocks were most likely to reduce employment, then hourly wages, and then hours worked. Results for the 2008–9 period indicate that the ranking might change during deep recessions as the likelihood of wage cuts increases. In response to positive shocks in 2010–13, firms were more likely to increase wages, followed by increases in employment, and then hours worked. Finally, we found that employment and hours cuts are less likely following negative shocks in countries with decentralized wage bargaining.
Rhabdomyolysis After the Use of Percussion Massage Gun: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Fan , Chen Haizhu , Pan Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Percussion massage guns are commonly used by professional athletes and nonathletes worldwide for warm-up and physical recovery; however, there are no published clinical or evidence-based reports on percussion guns regarding their benefits, indications, contraindications, and even side effects. The purpose of this case report is to describe the first case of rhabdomyolysis as a severe and potentially life-threatening illness following use of a percussion gun.

Methods
A young Chinese woman with untreated iron deficiency anemia presented with fatigue and pain in her thigh muscles for 3 days and tea-colored urine for 1 day, after cycling and subsequently receiving percussion gun treatment by her coach for the purpose of massage and relaxing tired muscles. Muscle tenderness and multiple hematomas were found on her thighs, and her urinalysis indicated hemoglobinuria. Her serum creatine kinase was reported as “undetectably high,” a hallmark of serious muscle damage leading to a diagnosis of severe rhabdomyolysis. Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, urine alkalinization via intravenous alkaline solution, assessment of urine output, and maintenance of electrolyte balance were administered during hospitalization.

Results
The patient’s clinical presentation gradually improved with the decline of creatine kinase, and she recovered well during follow-up.

Conclusion
A case of severe rhabdomyolysis after percussion massage should alert caregivers, sports professionals, and the public to suspect and recognize the potentially serious adverse effects of percussion guns and to ensure that percussion massage guns be used appropriately and safely in rehabilitation therapy, especially in individuals with an underlying disease or condition. Research is needed to examine the benefits, indications, contraindications, and adverse reactions of percussion guns.
The efficacy of baroreflex activation therapy for heart failure
Authors: Cai Guoqiang , Guo Kai , Zhang Dongyin , Qin Shu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
The efficacy of baroreflex activation therapy for heart failure is elusive. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of baroreflex activation therapy on treatment efficacy of heart failure.

Methods:
Several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases have been searched, and we include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy of baroreflex activation therapy for patients with heart failure.

Results:
This meta-analysis includes 4 RCTs. Baroreflex activation therapy shows significantly positive impact on the quality of life score (standard mean difference SMD = −4.61; 95% confidence interval CI = −6.24 to −2.98; P < .00001), 6-minute hall walk (6MHW) distance (SMD = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.44– 4.22; P < .0001), New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class (SMD = −3.23; 95% CI = −4.76 to −1.69; P < .0001), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (SMD = −1.24; 95% CI = −1.58 to −0.89; P < .00001) and the duration of hospitalization (SMD = −1.65; 95% CI = −2.90 to −0.39; P = .01) compared with control group for heart failure, but has no obvious effect on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (SMD = 1.43; 95% CI = −0.15–3.01; P = .08), or the number of hospitalization per year (SMD = −1.17; 95% CI = −2.56–0.22; P = .10).

Conclusions:
Baroreflex activation therapy can improve the treatment efficacy for heart failure.
Bioinformatics-based identification of miRNA-, lncRNA-, and mRNA-associated ceRNA networks and potential biomarkers for preeclampsia
Authors: Jiang Ruoan , Wang Ting , Zhou Feifei , Yao Yingsha , He Jing , Xu Dong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to identify significantly altered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, pathways in preeclampsia (PE), and to investigate their targeted relationships and biological functions.
GSE96985 from Gene Expression Omnibus database was extracted, involving 3 PE and 4 normal tissues. After the differential expression analysis of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs using the limma package, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were performed for differentially expressed mRNAs (dif-mRNAs). Combined with the miRanda and miRWalk tools, a regulatory relationship between dif-miRNAs and dif-mRNAs/lncRNAs (dif-mRNAs/dif-lncRNAs) was predicted. Finally, mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network construction was performed using Cytoscape software.
A total of 511 dif-mRNAs were screened in PE. The top 5 nodes in the PPI networks included up-regulated complement component 3 (C3), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and fibronectin 1 (FN1). Three significant network modules were identified for dif-mRNAs. C3 and CXCL8 were identified in module A, and FN1 was identified in module C. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 6 (ADAMTS6) was down-regulated by the miR-210-3p. Therefore, lnc-CTD-2383M3.1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA in ADAMTS6 expression regulation by competitively binding to miR-210-3p during the regulation process of PE.
C3, CXCL8, FN1, and ADAMTS6 might be involved in the development of PE. The lnc-CTD-2383M3.1-miR-210-3p-ADAMTS6 axis might be a potential regulatory mechanism in PE.
Sleep disturbance and delirium in patients with acromegaly in the early postoperative period after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Kim Namo , Min Kyeong Tae , Kim Eui Hyun , Oh Hanseul , Choi Seung Ho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a common comorbidity among patients with acromegaly [patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting tumor] due to somatotropic axis change and sleep apnea. However, no previous studies exist concerning sleep disturbance and delirium in the early postoperative period in patients with acromegaly undergoing transsphenoidal tumor surgery. Herein, we aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative sleep disturbance and delirium in the early postoperative period between patients with GH-secreting and nonfunctioning pituitary tumors.
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1286 patients (969 with nonfunctioning and 317 with GH-secreting tumors) without history of psychological disease and sedative or antipsychotic use. We examined the use of antipsychotics/sedatives and findings of psychology consultation within the first postoperative week. Only patients with sleep disturbance noted in medical records were considered to have postoperative sleep disturbance. Patients with an Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score of 4 or more were considered to have postoperative delirium.
The incidence of postoperative sleep disturbance was higher in the GH-secreting group than in the nonfunctioning tumor group (2/969 [0.2%] vs 6/317 [1.9%]; P = .004; odds ratio = 9.328 [95% confidence interval, 1.873–46.452]). Univariable regression analysis showed that only diagnosis (GH-secreting tumor or nonfunctioning tumor) was a risk factor for sleep disturbance, and not sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score, surgery duration, anesthesia duration, anesthesia type, tumor size, cavernous sinus invasion, or bleeding. The incidence of postoperative delirium was comparable between the 2 groups (6/969 [0.6%] vs 0/317 [0%]; P = .346).
Patients with acromegaly showed increased incidence of sleep disturbance than those with nonfunctioning tumors in the early postoperative period after transsphenoidal tumor surgery. A prospective study evaluating sleep quality in patients with GH-secreting tumors in the early postoperative period could be conducted based on our findings.
Breaking the COVID-19 Barriers to Health Professional Team Training With Online Simulation
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Kumar Arunaz 
Published: November 2020

Summary Statement
The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruption of most interprofessional simulation workshops in our center, including the obstetric and neonatal emergency simulation or ONE-Sim workshops for medical, nursing, midwifery students, and health professional staff in Australia and overseas.
We devised online versions of the workshop for students and staff. In this report, we describe the details of these innovative online workshops. This has enabled us to continue this vital simulation-based education during the pandemic, when strict lockdowns, physical distance requirements, and travel restrictions precluded the usual conduct of these workshops.
The online workshops were well received by students and staff in Australia and overseas. Some important lessons that were learned from the preliminary experience of these workshops are detailed in this report.
Defensive structures influence fighting outcomes
Authors: Emberts Zachary , Wiens John J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn many animal species, individuals engage in fights with conspecifics over access to limited resources (e.g. mates, food, or shelter). Most theory about these intraspecific fights assumes that damage has an important role in determining the contest winner. Thus, defensive structures that reduce the amount of damage an individual accrues during intraspecific competition should provide a fighting advantage.Examples of such damage-reducing structures include the dermal shields of goats, the dorsal osteoderms of crocodiles, and the armored telsons of mantis shrimps. Although numerous studies have identified these defensive structures, no study has investigated whether they influence the outcomes of intraspecific fights.Here, we investigated whether inhibiting damage by enhancing an individual’s armor influenced fighting behavior and success in the giant mesquite bug,Thasus neocalifornicus(Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae).We found that experimentally manipulated individuals (i.e. those provided with additional armor) were 1.6 times more likely to win a fight when compared to the control. These results demonstrate that damage, and damage-reducing structures, can influence fighting success.The implications of these results are twofold. First, our results experimentally support a fundamental assumption of most theoretical fighting models: that damage is a fighting cost that can influence contest outcomes. Second, these results highlight the importance of an individual’s defensive capacity, and why defense should not be ignored.
Per capita COVID-19 Case Rates are Lower in U.S. Counties Voting more Heavily Democratic in the 2016 Presidential Election, except not in States with a Republican Governor and Legislature
Authors: Chambless Lloyd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn our recent paper Why do per capita COVID-19 Case Rates Differ Between U.S. States? we established that U.S. states with a Democratic governor and a Democratic legislature have lower COVID-19 per capita case rates than states with a Republican governor and a Republican legislature, and case rates of states with a mixed government fall between the two. This difference remained after accounting for differences between states in several demographic and socio-economic variables. In a recent working paper The Changing Political Geographies of COVID-19 in the U.S. it was found that that early in the pandemic U.S. counties at higher levels of percentage Democratic vote in the 2016 presidential election had higher weekly per capita COVID-19 rates, but that the situation was in the opposite direction by August 2020. We show here that counties with a higher percentage of Democratic vote in the 2016 presidential election have a lower mean cumulative per capita rate of COVID-19 cases and of COVID-19 deaths, adjusted for county demographic and socio-economic characteristics, but only for counties in states that currently have a Democratic governor and both chambers of the legislature Democratic or in states that have a mixed government, but not for states that currently have a Republican governor and both chambers in the legislature Republican. One possible contributor to this difference is that some state Republican governments have restricted local action to fight the spread of COVID-19.
Improved chromosome level genome assembly of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) based on SMRT Sequencing and linkage map
Authors: Blande Daniel , Smolander Olli-Pekka , Ahola Virpi , Rastas Pasi , Tanskanen Jaakko , Kammonen Juhana I. , Oostra Vicencio , Pellegrini Lorenzo , Ikonen Suvi , Dallas Tad , DiLeo Michelle F. , Duplouy Anne , Cem Duru Ilhan , Halimaa Pauliina , Kahilainen Aapo , Kuwar Suyog S. , Kärenlampi Sirpa O. , Lafuente Elvira , Luo Shiqi , Makkonen Jenny , Nair Abhilash , de la Paz Celorio-Mancera Maria , Pennanen Ville , Ruokolainen Annukka , Sundell Tarja , Tervahauta Arja I. , Twort Victoria , van Bergen Erik , Österman-Udd Janina , Paulin Lars , Frilander Mikko J. , Auvinen Petri , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly is a long-term model system for metapopulation dynamics research in fragmented landscapes. Here, we provide a chromosome level assembly of the butterfly’s genome produced from Pacific Biosciences sequencing of a pool of males, combined with a linkage map from population crosses. The final assembly size of 484 Mb is an increase of 94 Mb on the previously published genome. Estimation of the completeness of the genome with BUSCO, indicates that the genome contains 93 - 95% of the BUSCO genes in complete and single copies. We predicted 14,830 gene models using the MAKER pipeline and manually curated 1,232 of these gene models. The genome and its annotated gene models are a valuable resource for future comparative genomics, molecular biology, transcriptome and genetics studies on this species.
Copy number-aware deconvolution of tumor-normal DNA methylation profiles
Authors: Cadieux Elizabeth Larose , Mensah Nana E. , Castignani Carla , Tanić Miljana , Wilson Gareth A. , Dietzen Michelle , Dhami Pawan , Vaikkinen Heli , Verfaillie Annelien , Martin Cristina Cotobal , Baker Toby , Watkins Thomas B. K. , Veeriah Selvaraju , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Kanu Nnennaya , McGranahan Nicholas , Feber Andrew ,   TRACERx Consortium, Swanton Charles , Beck Stephan , Demeulemeester Jonas , Van Loo Peter 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYAberrant methylation is a hallmark of cancer, but bulk tumor data is confounded by admixed normal cells and copy number changes. Here, we introduce Copy number-Aware Methylation Deconvolution Analysis of Cancers (CAMDAC;https://github.com/VanLoo-lab/CAMDAC), which outputs tumor purity, allele-specific copy number and deconvolved methylation estimates. We apply CAMDAC to 122 multi-region samples from 38 TRACERx non-small cell lung cancers profiled by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. CAMDAC copy number profiles parallel those derived from genome sequencing and highlight widespread chromosomal instability. Deconvolved polymorphism-independent methylation rates enable unbiased tumor-normal and tumor-tumor differential methylation calling. Read-phasing validates CAMDAC methylation rates and directly links genotype and epitype. We show increased epigenetic instability in adenocarcinomavs.squamous cell carcinoma, frequent hypermethylation at sites carrying somatic mutations, and parallel copy number losses and methylation changes at imprinted loci. Unlike bulk methylomes, CAMDAC profiles recapitulate tumor phylogenies and evidence distinct patterns of epigenetic heterogeneity in lung cancer.
Cross-species analysis between the maize smut fungiUstilago maydisandSporisorium reilianumhighlights the role of transcriptional plasticity of effector orthologs for virulence and disease
Authors: Zuo Weiliang , Depotter Jasper RL , Gupta Deepak K , Thines Marco , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe constitution and regulation of effector repertoires determines and shapes the outcome of the interaction with the host.Ustilago maydisandSporisorium reilianumare two closely related smut fungi, which both infect maize, but cause distinct disease symptoms. Understanding how effector orthologs are regulated in these two pathogens can therefore provide insights to pathogen evolution and host adaption.We tracked the infection progress ofU. maydisandS. reilianumin maize leaves, characterized two distinct infection stages for cross species RNA-sequencing analysis and identified 207 out of 335 one-to-one effector orthologs being differentially regulated during host colonization, while transcriptional plasticity of the effector orthologs correlated with the distinct disease development strategies.By using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene conversion, we identified two differentially expressed effector orthologs with conserved function between two pathogens. Thus, differential expression of functionally conserved genes contributes to species specific adaptation and symptom development. Interestingly, another differentially expressed orthogroup (UMAG_05318/Sr1007) showed diverged protein function during speciation, providing a possible case for neofunctionalization.Collectively, we showed the diversification of effector genes in related pathogens can be caused both by plasticity on the transcriptional level, as well as through functional diversification of the encoded effector proteins.
Global and national trends in documenting and monitoring species distributions
Authors: Oliver Ruth Y. , Meyer Carsten , Ranipeta Ajay , Winner Kevin , Jetz Walter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConserving and managing biodiversity in the face of ongoing global change requires sufficient evidence to assess status and trends of species distributions. Here we analyze national trajectories in closing spatiotemporal knowledge gaps for terrestrial vertebrates (1950-2019) based on novel indicators of data coverage and sampling effectiveness. Despite a rapid rise in data coverage, particularly in the last two decades, strong geographic and taxonomic biases persist. For some taxa and regions, a tremendous growth in records failed to directly translate into newfound knowledge due to a sharp decline in sampling effectiveness. But nation’s coverage is stronger for species they hold greater stewardship for. As countries under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework renew their commitments to an improved, rigorous biodiversity knowledge base, our findings highlight opportunities for international collaboration to close critical information gaps.