bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saikosaponin‐d impedes hippocampal neurogenesis and causes cognitive deficits by inhibiting the survival of neural stem/progenitor cells via neurotrophin receptor signaling in mice
Authors: Qin Tingting , Yuan Ziqiao , Yu Jiayu , Fu Xinxin , Deng Xueyang , Fu Qiang , Ma Zhanqiang , Ma Shiping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent stem cells in the central nervous system. Damage to NPCs has been demonstrated to cause adverse effects on neurogenesis and to contribute to neurological diseases. Our previous research suggested that saikosaponin‐d (SSd), a cytostatic drug belonging to the bioactive triterpenoid saponins, exhibited neurotoxicity by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study was performed to clarify the role of SSd in cognitive function and the mechanism by which SSd induced damage to hippocampal neurogenesis and NPCs. Our results indicated that SSd caused hippocampus‐dependent cognitive deficits and inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis by reducing the numbers of newborn neurons in mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SSd‐induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus involved neurotrophin receptor‐interacting MAGE (NRAGE)/neurotrophin receptor interacting factor (NRIF)/p75NTR‐associated cell death executor (NADE) cell signaling activated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Mechanistic studies showed that a short hairpin RNA targeting p75NTR intracellular domain reversed SSd‐increased NRAGE/NRIF/NADE signaling and the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/caspase apoptotic pathway, subsequently contributing to the survival of NPCs, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. The addition of recombinant brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ameliorated the SSd‐induced inhibition of BDNF/Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) neurotrophic signaling, but did not affect SSd‐activated pro‐BDNF/p75NTR signaling. Moreover, the SSd‐induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was responsible for damage to NPCs. The extracellular Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N',N'‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA), rather than the intracellular Ca2+ chelator 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N',N'‐tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA/AM), attenuated SSd‐induced cytosolic Ca2+ dysfunction and SSd‐disordered TrkB/p75NTR signaling. Overall, this study demonstrated a new mechanism for the neurotoxic effect of SSd, which has emerging implications for pharmacological research of SSd and provides a better understanding of neurotoxicity induced by cytostatic drugs.
The roles of exosomes in cancer drug resistance and its therapeutic application
Authors: Li Shiyu , Yi Ming , Dong Bing , Jiao Ying , Luo Suxia , Wu Kongming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExosomes are a category of extracellular vesicles with a size ranging from 40 to 160 nm, which can be secreted by multiple cells in the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes serve as communicators in regulating biological functions and pathological processes, including drug response. Through transporting the cargo such as protein or nucleic acid, exosomes can modulate drug sensitivity via multiple mechanisms. Additionally, exosomes can be deployed as a delivery system to treat cancer due to their high‐efficient loading capacity and tolerable toxicity. Recent studies have demonstrated the high efficacy of exosomes in cancer therapy. Herein, we conduct this review to summarize the mechanism of exosome‐mediated drug resistance and the therapeutic potential of exosomes in cancer.
Malignant pleural neoplasm with both differentiation of epithelioid mesothelioma and squamous‐cell carcinoma, a rare phenomena
Authors: Re Ashley , Shersher David , Allen Ashleigh , Schwarting Roland , Ren Shuyue 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma, a neoplasm arising within the serosal surfaces, has been linked closely to asbestos exposure. We present a case of 72‐year‐old male with a 27 year work‐related history of asbestos exposure who presented with dyspnea. Chest computed tomography scan showed a large, right pleural effusion with compressive right lung atelectasis. Biopsies, subsequent pleurectomy and lung wedge resections revealed epithelioid malignant mesothelioma with associated focal non‐keratinizing squamous‐cell carcinoma, supported by extensive immunohistochemical stains and molecular studies. The patient was treated with 6 cycles of carboplatin/pemetrexed, showing no new metastases. Seven months post‐treatment, the patient presented with progressive dyspnea and large pleural effusions. Bilateral pleural fluid was collected and showed malignant epithelioid cells, morphologically similar to the patient's pleural neoplastic cells. However, the tumor was positive for squamous cells markers and showed BAP1 loss, while negative for mesothelial markers. The findings support the diagnosis of squamous‐cell carcinoma and were consistent with the patient's previously diagnosed pleural neoplastic origin. A malignant mesothelioma associated with squamous‐cell carcinoma is a rare phenonmenon. To our knowledge, only two case reports are available in current literature. This unique case shows a single pleura tumor differentiating as both malignant mesothelioma and squamous‐cell carcinoma. Squamous‐cell carcinoma is the predominating malignancy seen within the bilateral pleural effusions, a potential pitfall for cytology specimen diagnosis.
Böschungsstandsicherheit unter Berücksichtigung des Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verhaltens bei Scherung
Authors: Nitzsche Kornelia , Herle Ivo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDer Gleichgewichtszustand einer Böschung wird oftmals mithilfe von Grenzgleichgewichtsmethoden berechnet. Dabei wird vernachlässigt, dass bis zum Erreichen des Scherwiderstands eine Verschiebung in der Scherzone stattfinden muss. Die Scherspannungsentwicklung hängt u. a. vom Lagerungszustand und den hydraulischen Bedingungen ab. Folglich ist die Mobilisierung des Scherwiderstands in der Scherzone nicht homogen, was zu einer Überschätzung der Böschungsstandsicherheit führen kann. In diesem Bericht wird ein Berechnungsverfahren vorgestellt, das die Entwicklung der Standsicherheit in Abhängigkeit von der Scherdehnung in der Scherzone koppelt. Zur Veranschaulichung werden zwei einfache Beispiele für eine Böschung mit ebener Gleitfläche gezeigt.
A Real‐World Observational Cohort of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Design and Rationale for TARGET‐HCC
Authors: Cabrera Roniel , Singal Amit G. , Colombo Massimo , Kelley R. Kate , Lee Hannah , Mospan Andrea R. , Meyer Tim , Newell Pippa , Parikh Neehar D. , Sangro Bruno , Reddy K. Rajender , Watkins Stephanie , Zink Richard C. , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. 
Published: December 2020

This study describes the design of the TARGET‐hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort and descriptive characteristics of the patient population at diagnosis among those who were enrolled in the cohort across academic and community clinical centers. TARGET‐HCC is a 5‐year, longitudinal, observational cohort of patients with HCC receiving care in usual clinical practice. Redacted clinical information, obtained from medical records, captures the natural history and management of the disease, including the safety and efficacy of treatment interventions used in usual clinical practice. Patients can complete patient‐reported outcome measures and provide biological specimens for future translational studies. The TARGET‐HCC study includes adults with histologic, cytologic, or radiologic diagnosis of HCC from academic and community centers in both the United States and Europe. A total of 1,841 participants were enrolled between January 9, 2017, and July 23, 2019, at 67 sites in the United States and Europe. To date, the most common liver disease etiology in the cohort continues to be hepatitis C, although nearly half had a nonviral etiology, including alcohol‐related liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Most included patients were diagnosed at an early stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage [BCLC] 0/A), but only approximately one third underwent curative treatment. Systemic therapy has been used in 7.3% of enrolled patients, including 45.7% of those with BCLC stage C tumors. Conclusion: Overall, the TARGET‐HCC cohort allows for the assessment of patient characteristics and investigation of new treatment paradigms and sequencing with existing agents as well as novel regimens for HCC.
Postoperative pain management on discharge after day case gynaecologic laparoscopy
Authors: Teoh Stephanie Wai Khuan , Payne Carla , McDonnell Nolan , Petrovski Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious review in the study hospital showed that the pain management following discharge from the Day Surgery Unit (DSU) was inadequate with 6% of patients discharged home with pain medicines. The aim of this audit was to assess the efficacy of the new DSU discharge medication system for patients following day laparoscopy procedures. Pain control following the procedure and patient satisfaction with pain management were also assessed. A total of 100 patients who underwent a day case laparoscopy procedure at the study hospital from 12 June 2018 to 23 April 2019 were included in the study. Patient medical records, anaesthetic and recovery charts were reviewed. Analgesic requirements and pain scores in theatre, recovery, DSU and on discharge were documented. Patients were followed‐up by phone interview on analgesic use in the 24 h post discharge, and on patient satisfaction with postoperative pain management. At discharge from the DSU, 88 (88%) patients were supplied analgesics and medicine information leaflets. In the 24 h postoperative phone follow‐up, 63 (78.7%) patients indicated they were not in severe pain. Of the 53 patients who reported moderate (n = 36) to severe (n = 17) pain, 47 (88.7%) used analgesics at home. The common analgesics used after discharge were paracetamol (68.8%), tramadol (51.3%), ibuprofen (40%) and celecoxib (25%), Patient satisfaction with pain management in the 24 h post discharge was (69) 86.3%. The new discharge process has improved the supply of analgesic medication and medication information for patients following a day laparoscopy procedure. Patients reported great satisfaction with pain management in the hospital.
Effects of guanidinoacetic acid and complex antioxidant supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidant function of broiler chickens
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Jiaolong , Xing Tong , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), or complex antioxidant (CA), or their combination, in diets on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of broilers. A total of 192 25‐day‐old broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary supplements at two different levels, in which the main effects were the addition of GAA (0 or 600 mg kg−1) and CA (0 or 150 mg kg−1). This trial lasted for 18 days.RESULTSCompared with the control group, the GAA group, CA group, and GAA + CA group, decreased feed conversion ratio by 7.02%, 6.58%, and 11.40%, respectively. Guanidinoacetic supplementation increased eviscerated yield, pH24h (P < 0.05). Complex antioxidant supplementation increased the a* values (P < 0.05). The combination of GAA and CA did not affect the carcass traits and meat quality. Guanidinoacetic acid alone and CA alone and combined with GAA and CA decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malonaldehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05), and the GAA + CA group had the lowest ROS level and MDA content of broilers.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation of GAA, CA or their combination had beneficial effects on growth performance and breast antioxidant capacity, and the combination of GAA and CA could exert a synergistic effect in improving antioxidant capacity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes of the flavor substances and protein degradation of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) pickled products during steaming
Authors: Wang Yixin , Wu Han , Shi Wenzheng , Huang Haiyuan , Shen Siyuan , Yang Feng , Chen Shi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong various cooking methods, steaming is favored by many because it can cause less damage to nutrient components in muscle, retain the inherent food flavor, and reduce the generation of harmful substances. Steaming conditions are closely related to fish flavor, fat and protein oxidation, and digestibility.RESULTSThe black carp steamed for 4 to 14 min was studied in this article based on sensory assessment, electronic tongue, free amino acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐related compounds, total nitrogen and non‐protein nitrogen to explore the effect of steaming time on the taste substances and protein degradation of pickled black carp. The experimental result showed that the meat steamed within 8 min tasted better, showing high tastiness. The sensory assessment score increased significantly to the maximum value of 82.33 at 6 min. The content of umami and sweet amino acids increased significantly to the maximum value of 1.6801 g kg–1 at 6 min. In the meantime, the IMP (inosine monophosphate) content was 1.9128 g kg–1, with its taste activity value (TAV) reaching 7.65, which proved that IMP affected the taste most. Furthermore, the total nitrogen content was 30.77 g kg–1, which meant protein degraded a great deal. Based on equivalent umami concentration (EUC) and its TAV, the meat tasted best at 6–8 min. The longer the steaming time, the faster the protein degradation and the more the flavor precursors.CONCLUSIONThe black carp pickled products (with a weight of 20 g, with the size of 3 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm) is suggested to be steamed for 6 to 8 min. This conclusion provides a theoretical basis for its better taste quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Carotenoid stability and aroma retention during the post‐harvest storage of biofortified maize
Authors: Ekpa Onu , Fogliano Vincenzo , Linnemann Anita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize varieties that are rich in carotenoids have been developed to combat vitamin A deficiency in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, after harvest, carotenoids degrade and off‐flavor volatiles develop, which affect nutrient intake and consumer acceptance. This study evaluated carotenoid retention and aroma compound stability in provitamin A biofortified maize, variety Pool 8A, as influenced by dry milling and storage in different packaging and temperature conditions.RESULTSThe lowest amount of total carotenoids was found in flour stored in laminated paper bags at 37 °C (only 16% retention after 180 days), attributable to the high storage temperature and oxygen permeability of the packaging material. No significant effect on carotenoid degradation was found for dry milling, either by rotor mill or freezer mill, but the formation of volatile compounds was significantly (P < 0.05) affected. Volatile compounds such as hexanal, 2‐pentylfuran, 1‐propanol, 2‐heptanone, butyrolactone, limonene, and hexanoic acid were found in different proportions after milling. The highest concentration of hexanal was in flour milled by rotor mill or freezer mill, and stored in laminated paper bags at 37 °C after 180 days, and the lowest concentrations were for flour in aluminium bags and double‐layered polyethylene bags stored at 4 °C.CONCLUSIONMaize flour stored in double‐layered polyethylene bags had the highest carotenoid retention and aroma stability. Importantly, the use of these bags is economically feasible in low‐income countries. Overall, our results show that effective control of storage conditions is crucial to prevent carotenoid loss and decrease off‐odor formation. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of Pelargonium sidoides extract vs roxithromycin on chemokine levels in nasal secretions of patients with uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Vezmar Kovačević Sandra , Barać Aleksandra , Perić Aneta V. , Vojvodić Danilo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious investigations suggest the use of extract from the roots of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) for the therapy of uncomplicated rhinosinusitis. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of herbal drug EPs 7630 and antibiotic roxithromycin on chemokine production in nasal mucosa and clinical parameters in patients with uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS).MethodsSeventy‐eight ABRS patients were divided into 26 patients receiving EPs 7630 tablets, 3 × 20 mg/day per os (group 1), 26 patients receiving roxithromycin tablets, 2 × 150 mg/day per os (group 2), both for 10 days, and 26 patients who received no therapy (Control group). We measured chemokine levels in nasal secretions by flow cytometry and assessed clinical parameters on day 0 and day 10 of investigation.ResultsEPs 7630 increased concentrations of MCP‐1 (P = .001) and IP‐10 (P = .049) and decreased levels of MIP‐1α (P < .001), ENA‐78 (P < .001), and IL‐8 (P < .001). Roxithromycin increased levels of IP‐10 (P = .049) and decreased levels of MCP‐1 (P < .001), MIP‐1α (P < .016), ENA‐78 (P < .001), and IL‐8 (P < .001). Comparison of the non‐treated patients' group with groups 1 and 2 revealed significant improvement of all clinical parameters in treated patients (P < .001), but therapy with roxithromycin resulted in better improvement in nasal symptoms and endoscopic findings than therapy with EPs 7630.ConclusionOur results suggest the presence of similar modulatory effects of both therapies on production of chemokines that regulate the function of neutrophils and monocytes in nasal mucosa. Roxithromycin shows better clinical efficacy than EPs 7630 in patients with uncomplicated ABRS.Level of Evidence1b.
“Mesh free” autologous transobturator mid urethral sling placement for predominant stress urinary incontinence: A pilot study
Authors: Vasudeva Pawan , Tyagi Vijay , Kumar Niraj , Yadav Siddharth , Prasad Vishnu , Iyer Saumya G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of autologous mid‐urethral sling (MUS) in women with predominant stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included adult women with predominant SUI seen in our urology clinic between January 2018 and March 2019. Patients with: negative cough stress test, history of prior incontinence surgery, urogenital malignancy, pelvic radiation, neurological disease, body mass index more than 40 kg/m2, the presence of more than Stage I pelvic organ prolapse, active urinary tract infection, maximum flow rate less than 15 ml/sec, postvoid residual urine more than 100 ml, abdominal leak point pressure less than 60 cm of H2O, and pregnant women were excluded. Eligible patients underwent a transobturator MUS procedure using rectus fascia as a sling. Before the procedure, patients filled the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom (ICIQ‐FLUTS) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Urinary outcomes were assessed at 3‐ and 12‐months while sexual outcomes were assessed at 12‐months.ResultsThirty patients with median age of 44.5 years were included. All patients had a negative cough stress test during follow up. A significant improvement was noted in the ICIQ‐FLUTS scale, bother scale, filling and incontinence subscales at 3 and 12 month follow‐up. A significant improvement was also noted in the FSFI full scale score and FSFI domains of mean sexual desire, arousal and lubrication at 12 months follow‐up. Two patients developed voiding dysfunction requiring urethral dilatation.ConclusionAutologous transobturator MUS surgery appears to be safe and efficacious in the short term. More research is needed to clarify its role in the surgical management of SUI in women.
Intermittent Versus Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: He Shasha , Wang Jiao , Zhang Jie , Xu Jixiong 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER; only for 2‐3 d/wk) versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss and metabolic outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity.MethodsMethods included searching databases from the last decade to December 18, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed weight loss and metabolic outcomes in IER and CER. RevMan version 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. The effect sizes were expressed as weight mean differences and 95% CI.ResultsThis review included 11 RCTs (n = 850). Meta‐analysis showed that IER had greater effects on absolute weight loss, the percentage of weight loss, and improving insulin sensitivity than CER. In the subgroup analysis, short‐term (2‐3 months) intervention (P < 0.0001) was associated with weight loss.ConclusionsThis systematic review shows that IER (2‐3 d/wk) had greater effects on short‐term weight loss than CER and that IER results in comparative metabolic improvements. Furthermore, longer RCTs are needed to validate these findings.
Tracking the cultural niches of North American birds through time
Authors: Schuetz Justin G. , Johnston Alison 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Conservation efforts are constrained by our poor grasp of changing relationships between humans and other species. We used internet query data describing relative public interest in different species of birds, and combined them with citizen science data describing relative encounter rates with those same taxa, to gain perspective on shifting relationships between people and birds in the United States.

National‐level interest in birds increased an average of 12.6% across two sequential 5‐year periods, while controlling for the volume of internet searches and changing encounter rates with species in the United States. Geographic alignment of state‐level interest in birds and state‐level encounters with birds increased by an average of 5.7% across species.

In multivariate multiple regression analysis, we found that species did not move uniformly through a 2D ‘cultural niche space’ between time periods. Shifts varied according to changes in federal protection afforded to species, by migratory strategy, whether species were native or introduced and by taxonomic Order.

Together, these results suggest that people in the United States became more inquisitive about birds over a relatively short period of time, that their growing curiosity was directed disproportionately towards local species, and that cultural labels and species characteristics continue to shape relationships between people and birds.

By tracking shifts in the cultural niches of birds over time, we provide quantitative perspective on general patterns of socio‐ecological change. And by identifying factors associated with those shifts, our results also offer specific information that can be used to improve conservation efforts aimed at particular species or groups of birds.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.