bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐lagged impacts of extreme, multi‐year drought on tidal salt marsh plant invasion
Authors: Wigginton Rachel D. , Kelso Megan A. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change is projected to increase the frequency of extreme drought events, which can have dramatic consequences for ecosystems. Extreme drought may interact with other stressors such as invasion by non‐native species, yet little research has explored these dynamics. Here, we examine the physical mechanisms and temporal scale underlying a dieback of an invasive non‐native plant,Lepidium latifolium,in tidal salt marshes of the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, during an extreme, multi‐year drought occurring from 2012 to 2015. Using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), we explored the relationship between eight years of estuarine salinity data and five years ofL. latifoliumdensity data from three marshes spanning a gradient of salinity across the San Francisco Bay. We found a significant time‐lagged (3 yr) effect of estuarine salinity onL. latifoliumdensity, with high salinities preceding reductions inL. latifoliumdensities and low salinities preceding increases. The most dramatic change in stem density, a 54% reduction in 2015, was preceded by a salinity increase of 43% from 2011 to 2012. We found theL. latifoliumdecline was driven by impacts on mature, rather than young, plants. Additionally, we tested the importance of local precipitation in drivingL. latifoliumdensities in a one‐season rain exclusion experiment. We found 100% exclusion of precipitation during one rainy season (January–mid‐May) did not have a significant impact on densities of mature stands ofL. latifolium. Our finding that estuarine salinity was a key driver ofL. latifoliuminvasion dynamics suggests sea level rise, like extreme drought, may hinderL. latifoliuminvasion, as it will also raise estuarine salinities. Further, our study highlights the importance of temporal lags in understanding climate change impacts on biological invasions, which has received very little study to date.
Negative control of diacylglycerol kinase ζ‐mediated inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by nuclear sequestration in mice
Authors: Xie Danli , Zhang Shimeng , Chen Pengcheng , Deng Wenhai , Pan Yun , Xie Jinhai , Wang Jinli , Liao Bryce , Sleasman John W. , Zhong Xiao‐Ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play important roles in restraining diacylglycerol (DAG)‐mediated signaling. Within the DGK family, the ζ isoform appears to be the most important isoform in T cells for controlling their development and function. DGKζ has been demonstrated to regulate T cell maturation, activation, anergy, effector/memory differentiation, defense against microbial infection, and antitumor immunity. Given its critical functions, DGKζ function should be tightly regulated to ensure proper signal transduction; however, mechanisms that control DGKζ function are still poorly understood. We report here that DGKζ dynamically translocates from the cytosol into the nuclei in T cells after TCR stimulation. In mice, DGKζ mutant defective in nuclear localization displayed enhanced ability to inhibit TCR‐induced DAG‐mediated signaling in primary T cells, maturation of conventional αβT and iNKT cells, and activation of peripheral T cells compared with WT DGKζ. Our study reveals for the first time nuclear sequestration of DGKζ as a negative control mechanism to spatially restrain it from terminating DAG mediated signaling in T cells. Our data suggest that manipulation of DGKζ nucleus‐cytosol shuttling as a novel strategy to modulate DGKζ activity and immune responses for treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Electrokinetic flow and electric conduction of salt‐free solutions in a capillary
Authors: Luo Ren H. , Keh Huan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe electrokinetic flow and accompanied electric conduction of a salt‐free solution in the axial direction of a charged circular capillary are analyzed. No assumptions are made about the surface charge density (or surface potential) and electrokinetic radius of the capillary, which are interrelated. The Poisson–Boltzmann equation and modified Navier–Stokes equation are solved for the electrostatic potential distribution and fluid velocity profile, respectively. Closed‐form formulas for the electroosmotic mobility and electric conductivity in the capillary are derived in terms of the surface charge density. The relative surface potential, electroosmotic mobility, and electric conductivity are monotonic increasing functions of the surface charge density and electrokinetic radius. However, the rises of the relative surface potential and electroosmotic mobility with an increase in the surface charge density are suppressed substantially when it is high due to the effect of counterion condensation. The analytical prediction that the electroosmotic mobility grows with increases in the surface charge density and electrokinetic radius agrees with the experimental results for salt‐free solutions in circular microchannels in the literature.
A full three‐dimensional fracture propagation model for supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing
Authors: He Yuting , Yang Zhaozhong , Jiang Yanfang , Li Xiaogang , Zhang Yongqing , Song Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide fracturing is an environmentally friendly anhydrous method. To study the propagation process during supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing, a full three‐dimensional model, coupled rock deformation, fluid transport, heat conduction, dynamic changes of carbon dioxide physical parameters, to investigate the process of fracture propagation during supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing, is established by the three‐dimensional boundary element method, the finite volume method, and finite difference method. And to solve the multiple physics coupling problems, a fully implicit solution and Newton‐Raphson iteration method are used. On the basis of this model established in this paper, the influential factors of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing are analyzed. The results show that both of the reservoir temperature and the original in situ stress are important for carbon dioxide fracturing; The higher the reservoir temperature and the lower the initial in situ stress is, the longer and wider the fracture will be. The temperature of carbon dioxide at bottom is of no significance to the fracture length, fracture width, and the bottom hole pressure. A growing injection rate will lead to the increase of the fracture length and fracture width. This study would provide a reference for the fluid phase control of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing technology.
Advances in structures required of polyphenols for xanthine oxidase inhibition
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Zhang Li , Ren Licheng , Xie Yixi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyphenols have been used as natural medicaments for the management of hyperuricemia for a long history. They have been attracted many interests because of the little side effects in curing hyperuricemia, which is an important advantage over the antihyperuricemic drugs. In this review, the structure–activity relationships for polyphenols as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors were discussed. It is concluded that the presence of hydroxyl groups, which influences the inhibitory effects, is closely related to whether the substitutions increase the steric hindrance or disturb the interaction of flavonoid with the catalytic site of XO, and the increased size of the molecule after glycosylation may increase the steric hindrance between flavonoid and XO, and consequently reducing the competitive inhibition behaviors. However, there is no obtained simple general rule that can comprehensively describe the effects of structural alteration on the inhibition activity because the results are varied among different subclasses of polyphenols. In addition, the inhibition mechanisms are mainly assumed as polyphenol binding to the active site of XO and hindering the entrance of xanthine or the discharge of uric acid and diffusion of O2−radical.
Serum phytosterols associate with T helper 1 cytokine concentration in pregnant women
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Li Wenyun , Qian Jiaye , Wu Min , Du Hongyi , Xu Linji , Liu Shuping , Yi Jianping , He Gengsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dietary phytosterols have been demonstrated to modulate CD4+ T‐cell polarization in cells, animals, and humans. However, T helper (Th)1/Th2 dichotomy has rarely been correlated with phytosterols during pregnancy. The present study investigated associations between the serum cytokines and serum phytosterols in 100 pregnant women at 34‐ to 37‐week gestation and their offspring. The results showed that serum concentrations of interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and total Th1 cytokines were positively associated with serum β‐sitosterol level, adjusting for age, BMI, and serum cholesterol. Serum IFN‐γ and total Th1 cytokine concentrations positively correlated with total phytosterol concentration, controlling age, BMI, and serum cholesterol. Moreover, none of the cytokines measured correlated with phytosterol concentration in the newborns. Our results show that serum Th1 cytokine concentrations, but not Th2 levels, are positively associated with serum phytosterols in pregnant women. These findings implicate that phytosterols modulate Th1/Th2 balance by inducing Th1 secretions in pregnant women.
Biophysical basis for Kv1.3 regulation of membrane potential changes induced by P2X4‐mediated calcium entry in microglia
Authors: Nguyen Hai M. , di Lucente Jacopo , Chen Yi‐Je , Cui Yanjun , Ibrahim Rania H. , Pennington Michael W. , Jin Lee‐Way , Maezawa Izumi , Wulff Heike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroglia‐mediated inflammation exerts adverse effects in ischemic stroke and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Expression of the voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is required for microglia activation. Both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 are effective in reducing microglia activation and the associated inflammatory responses, as well as in improving neurological outcomes in animal models of AD and ischemic stroke. Here we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Kv1.3 inhibition, which remain incompletely understood. Using a combination of whole‐cell voltage‐clamp electrophysiology and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we first characterized a stimulus‐dependent differential expression pattern for Kv1.3 and P2X4, a major ATP‐gated cationic channel, both in vitro and in vivo. We then demonstrated by whole‐cell current‐clamp experiments that Kv1.3 channels contribute not only to setting the resting membrane potential but also play an important role in counteracting excessive membrane potential changes evoked by depolarizing current injections. Similarly, the presence of Kv1.3 channels renders microglia more resistant to depolarization produced by ATP‐mediated P2X4 receptor activation. Inhibiting Kv1.3 channels with ShK‐223 completely nullified the ability of Kv1.3 to normalize membrane potential changes, resulting in excessive depolarization and reduced calcium transients through P2X4 receptors. Our report thus links Kv1.3 function to P2X4 receptor‐mediated signaling as one of the underlying mechanisms by which Kv1.3 blockade reduces microglia‐mediated inflammation. While we could confirm previously reported differences between males and females in microglial P2X4 expression, microglial Kv1.3 expression exhibited no gender differences in vitro or in vivo.Main Points
The voltage‐gated K+ channel Kv1.3 regulates microglial membrane potential.
Inhibition of Kv1.3 depolarizes microglia and reduces calcium entry mediated by P2X4 receptors by dissipating the electrochemical driving force for calcium.
Effects of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory and global cognition in older patients with remitted major depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Batist Judah , Ghazala Zaid , Zomorrodi Reza M. , Brooks Heather , Goodman Michelle , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Rajji Tarek K. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of a 10‐day course of bilateral anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on working memory and global cognition in elderly participants with remitted major depressive disorder at 14 days (primary outcome) and 90 days (secondary outcome) post intervention.DesignRandomized double blind controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02212366).SettingCommunity dwelling outpatient setting.ParticipantsSixty or older with previous single or recurrent episodes of major depression currently in full remission.InterventionA 10 day course of active or sham bilateral DLPFC anodal tDCS.Measurements(a) Working memory assessed by a computerized N back task, and (b) global cognition assessed by a standard paper and pencil neuropsychological test battery.ResultsThirty‐three participants, (mean (SD) age = 66. 5 (5.7) year) were enrolled, out of which 18 (mean (SD) age = 66. 3 (5.8) year) were randomized to active tDCS and 15 (mean (SD) age = 66. 7 (5.8) years) to sham tDCS. All randomized participants except one from the sham group ‐completed the tDCS course. There were no differences between the groups on working memory performance or global cognition at 14 or 90 days post intervention. Both groups showed promising changes in working memory and global cognition over time.ConclusionstDCS was well tolerated in older patients with remitted MDD, however, as compared to the sham group, it did not improve working memory or global cognition. Future studies should investigate tDCS with alternative parameters to enhance cognition in this population.
Fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer risk: A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling Project
Authors: Ferro Ana , Costa Ana Rute , Morais Samantha , Bertuccio Paola , Rota Matteo , Pelucchi Claudio , Hu Jinfu , Johnson Kenneth C. , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Palli Domenico , Ferraroni Monica , Yu Guo‐Pei , Bonzi Rossella , Peleteiro Bárbara , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hamada Gerson Shigueaki , Hidaka Akihisa , Malekzadeh Reza , Zaridze David , Maximovich Dmitry , Vioque Jesus , Navarrete‐Muñoz Eva M. , Alguacil Juan , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , Wolk Alicja , Håkansson Niclas , Hernández‐Ramírez Raúl Ulises , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , Ward Mary H. , Pourfarzi Farhad , Mu Lina , López‐Cervantes Malaquias , Persiani Roberto , Kurtz Robert C. , Lagiou Areti , Lagiou Pagona , Boffetta Paolo , Boccia Stefania , Negri Eva , Camargo Maria Constanza , Curado Maria Paula , La Vecchia Carlo , Lunet Nuno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA low intake of fruits and vegetables is a risk factor for gastric cancer, although there is uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the associations. In our study, the relationship between fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer was assessed, complementing a previous work on the association betweenconsumption of citrus fruits and gastric cancer. Data from 25 studies (8456 cases and 21 133 controls) with information on fruits and/or vegetables intake were used. A two‐stage approach based on random‐effects models was used to pool study‐specific adjusted (sex, age and the main known risk factors for gastric cancer) odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Exposure‐response relations, including linear and nonlinear associations, were modeled using one‐ and two‐order fractional polynomials. Gastric cancer risk was lower for a higher intake of fruits (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64‐0.90), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73‐1.02), vegetables (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56‐0.84), and fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49‐0.75); results were consistent across sociodemographic and lifestyles categories, as well as study characteristics. Exposure‐response analyses showed an increasingly protective effect of portions/day of fruits (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57‐0.73 for six portions), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.83 for six portions) and vegetables (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43‐0.60 for 10 portions). A protective effect of all fruits, noncitrus fruits and vegetables was confirmed, supporting further dietary recommendations to decrease the burden of gastric cancer.
Fluropyrimidine single agent or doublet chemotherapy as second line treatment in advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Neuzillet Cindy , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea , Brieau Bertrand , Vivaldi Caterina , Brandi Giovanni , Tougeron David , Filippi Roberto , Vienot Angélique , Silvestris Nicola , Pointet Anne‐Laure , Lonardi Sara , Rousseau Benoît , Scartozzi Mario , Dahan Laetitia , Aprile Giuseppe , Le Sourd Samuel , Evesque Ludovic , Meurisse Aurélia , Lièvre Astrid , Vernerey Dewi ,   the AGEO (Association des Gastro‐Entérologues Oncologues) Investigators,   GICO (Italian Group of Cholangiocarcinoma) Investigators
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluoropyrimidine (FP) plus platinum chemotherapy has been recently established as a second‐line (L2) preferred option in advanced biliary tract cancer (aBTC) (ABC‐06 phase III trial). However, the overall survival (OS) benefit was limited and comparison with FP monotherapy was not available. Our aim was to assess the OS of patients treated with a FP monotherapy compared to a doublet with irinotecan or platinum in L2. We performed a retrospective analysis of two large multicenter prospective cohorts: a French cohort (28 centers) and an Italian cohort (9 centers). All consecutive patients with aBTC receiving FP‐based L2 after gemcitabine plus cisplatin/gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin L1 between 2003 and 2016 were included. A subgroup analysis according to performance status (PS) and an exploratory analysis according to platinum sensitivity in L1 were planned. In the French cohort (n = 351), no significant OS difference was observed between the FP monotherapy and doublet groups (median OS: 5.6 vs 6.8 months, P = .65). Stratification on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS showed similar results in PS 0‐1 and 2. Median OS was not different between FP monotherapy, platinum‐ and irinotecan‐based doublets (5.6 vs 7.1 vs 6.7 months, P = .68). Similar findings were observed in the Italian cohort (n = 174) and in the sensitivity analysis in pooled cohorts (n = 525). No L2 regimen seemed superior over others in the platinum resistant/refractory or sensitive subgroups. Our results suggest that FP monotherapy is as active as FP doublets in aBTC in L2, regardless of the patient PS and country, and could be a therapeutic option in this setting.
Preterm parturition and pre‐eclampsia: The confluence of two great gestational syndromes
Authors: Jayaram Aswathi , Collier Charlene H. , Martin James N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) and pre‐eclampsia independently, and frequently concurrently, adversely affect the pregnancy outcomes of millions of mothers and infants worldwide each year.ObjectivesTo fill the gap between PTB and pre‐eclampsia, which continue to constitute the two most important current global challenges to maternal and perinatal health.MethodsPubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until December 2019 using the terms spontaneous PTB (SPTB), indicated preterm delivery (IPTD), early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, and pre‐eclampsia.ResultsHistory of PTB and pre‐eclampsia were the strongest risk factors contributing to the occurrence of SPTB or IPTB. The risk of PTB and pre‐eclampsia among non‐Hispanic African American women was higher than the rate among all other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Low‐dose aspirin (LDA) has been reported to reduce the risk of pre‐eclampsia by at least 10% and PTB by at least 14%. Lastly, women and their fetuses who develop early‐onset pre‐eclampsia are at higher risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life.ConclusionsWhile better clarity is needed, efforts to coordinate prevention of both PTB and pre‐eclampsia, even though imperfect, are critically important as part of any program to make motherhood as safe as possible.
Preimplantation genetic testing to reduce preterm births in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Simpson Joe L. , Rechitsky Svetlana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 10% rate of preterm birth rate worldwide has not been proved amenable to reduction. Avoiding multiple embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) using in vitro fertilization is one unassailable method. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to select only a single euploid embryo for transfer is one unequivocal way, maintaining 50%–60% pregnancy rates while avoiding twins. Contemporary methodology entails trophectoderm biopsy of a 5–6‐day blastocyst, and cryopreservation of biopsied embryos while awaiting analysis by next generation sequencing. Embryo biopsy is safe, analytic validity for chromosomal analysis high, and global access to PGT high.
APOC3rs2854116, PNPLA3rs738409, and TM6SF2rs58542926 polymorphisms might influence predisposition of NAFLD: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tong Mingjiong , Wang Fengyong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is plausible that apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) polymorphisms may affect predisposition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the results of so far published studies remain controversial. The authors conducted this meta‐analysis to clarify relationships between APOC3/PNPLA3/TM6SF2 polymorphisms and predisposition of NAFLD by pooling the findings of eligible studies. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI was endorsed by the authors to identify already published studies. Forty‐nine studies were found to be eligible for meta‐analyses. The pooled meta‐analyses results showed that genotypic frequencies of APOC3 rs2854116, PNPLA3 rs738409, and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms among patients and controls differed significantly. Moreover, genotypic frequencies of PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms among patients and controls from both Caucasians and Asians also differed significantly. But However, no such differences in genotypic frequencies were observed for the APOC3 rs2854117 polymorphism. This meta‐analysis suggested that APOC3 rs2854116, PNPLA3 rs738409, and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms might affect predisposition of NAFLD.
Quantification of diabetic macular ischemia using novel three‐dimensional optical coherence tomography angiography metrics
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Lea , Battista Marco , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe applied three‐dimensional (3D) analysis to optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to measure macular ischemia in eyes affected by non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). A previously validated algorithm was applied to OCTA data in order to obtain 3D visualization of the retinal vasculature. Successively, a global thresholding algorithm was applied and two novel quantitative metrics were introduced: 3D vascular volume and 3D perfusion density. Two‐dimensional (2D) OCTA metrics were also obtained with different binarization thresholds for comparison. Of the 30 patients included, 15 were diagnosed with DR and 15 were controls. The 3D vascular volume and 3D perfusion density were reduced in DR eyes (P < .0001). The 2D variables also significantly differ between groups. The 3D perfusion density had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.964) among tested variables. Assessing quantitative perfusion using 3D analysis is reliable and promising, and with an elevated diagnostic efficacy in identifying DR eyes.