bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital technology for anaphylaxis management impact on patient behaviour: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sala‐Cunill Anna , Luengo Olga , Curran Adrian , Moreno Nuria , Labrador‐Horrillo Moises , Guilarte Mar , Gonzalez‐Medina Mónica , Galvan‐Blasco Paula , Cardona Victoria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpinephrine is the first‐line treatment for anaphylaxis. Patients at risk should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector (EAI). Several EAI gaps have been identified. We sought to evaluate satisfaction using a medical device (digital technology comprising an EAI smart case connected to a mobile APP) with functions that overcome most of the EAI limitations and to determine whether patient behaviour and anaphylaxis management improve with its use.MethodsThis was a randomized, open‐label, crossover clinical trial in a tertiary hospital involving patients with history of anaphylaxis carrying an EAI. The study was conducted in two three‐month periods, one with and one without the medical device. The primary endpoint was satisfaction with the medical device. Usability, adherence, anxiety and anaphylaxis episodes were evaluated as secondary endpoints.ResultsA total of 100 patients were included (mean age 38.1 years, 74% female), and 95 completed the trial. The satisfaction visual analogue scale (VAS) after using the medical device was higher than before its use (89.1 [95% CI, 60.2‐99.1] vs 56.3 [95% CI, 48.1‐81.4];P < .0001). The adherence VAS improved from 59.7 (95% CI, 54.0‐65.3) to 88.6 (95% CI, 84.2‐92.9) (P < .0001). Overall, 90% patients found the medical device easy to use. Patients’ anxiety decreased from 52.2% to 29.3% (P < .001). Seven episodes of anaphylaxis occurred during the study, all in patients without the medical device (P = .025). Eighty‐eight per cent of patients felt more involved in the management of anaphylaxis when using the medical device.ConclusionThis is the first clinical trial evaluating digital technology for EAIs, showing a change of behaviour in patients at risk of anaphylaxis, increasing satisfaction, improving adherence, and reducing anxiety, with good usability.
Biogenic amine content during the production and ripening of Sremski kulen, Serbian traditional dry fermented sausage
Authors: Suvajdžić Branko , Tasić Tatjana , Teodorović Vlado , Janković Vesna , Dimitrijević Mirjana , Karabasil Neđeljko , Vasilev Dragan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSremski kulen is a wide diameter dry fermented sausage, produced from pork, seasoned with red spicy paprika, stuffed into pork cecum, and preserved by smoking, fermentation and drying. Due to specific ripening process, Sremski kulen is suitable for the accumulation of biogenic amines. Therefore, the aminogenesis was studied in traditionally produced Sremski kulen, taking into account the physicochemical parameters and microbial counts. The content of six biogenic amines (tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine, histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine) was analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The ripening process of Sremski kulen was slow followed by changes in aw and pH value as well as expressed proteolysis. The autochthonous microbiota showed pronounced decarboxylase activity. Tryptamine and phenylethylamine were detected at each examined ripening stage while histamine was not detected until the end of ripening (16.55 ± 2.33 mg/kg). Tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine content significantly increased during the ripening period (p < .05). In the final product, cadaverine was the dominant biogenic amine (132.40 ± 5.05 mg/kg), followed by tyramine (115.80 ± 15.46 mg/kg) and putrescine (68.55 ± 2.39 mg/kg). Although the long ripening period greatly contributed to the accumulation of biogenic amines in final product, their content are not of concern from product safety aspects, but requires improvement in hygiene of production process.
Three lessons conservation science can learn from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Bergman Jordanna N. , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Binley Allison D. , Avery‐Gomm Stephanie , Schuster Richard , Roche Dominique G. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArticle impact statement: COVID‐19 has demonstrated the need to optimize research activity, convey the gravity of loss, and reevaluate merit in conservation science.
DDGP vs. SMILE in Relapsed/Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T‐cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: A Retrospective Study of 54 Patients
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Junxia , Dong Meng , Ding Mengjie , Zhu Linan , Wu Jingjing , Sun Zhenchang , Li Xin , Zhang Lei , Li Ling , Wang Xinhua , Fu Xiaorui , Wang Guannan , Chen Qingjiang , Zhang Mingzhi , Zhang Xudong 
Published: October 2020

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a rare peripheral T‐cell lymphoma that predominantly occurs in Asian and South American populations. The treatment of ENKL has been a challenge for a long time. This study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cisplatin, dexamethasone, gemcitabine, and pegaspargase (DDGP) and methotrexate, dexamethasone, ifosfamide, L‐asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) regimens for relapsed/refractory ENKL and explore the prognostic factors. From October 2014 to July 2019, 54 patients with relapsed/refractory ENKL who received DDGP or SMILE chemotherapy were retrospectively assessed in this study. Thirty‐one patients received DDGP chemotherapy and 23 patients received SMILE chemotherapy. A higher complete response rate was observed in patients treated with DDGP regimen (61.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.025). The DDGP group (95% confidence interval (CI) of 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS): 24.6–66.2%; 95% CI of 5‐year overall survival (OS): 8.5–91.7%) was also significantly associated with longer 5‐year PFS and 5‐year OS (P = 0.008 for 5‐year PFS, P = 0.023 for 5‐year OS). More serious leucopenia (P = 0.021), neutropenia (P = 0.041), and allergy (P = 0.040) were observed in the SMILE group. Post‐treatment Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐DNA status (P = 0.001 for PFS, P = 0.018 for OS) was identified as a significant prognostic factor for PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. The present research suggested that compared with SMILE chemotherapy, DDGP chemotherapy can significantly improve the response and survival of relapsed/refractory ENKL with better tolerance. Post‐treatment EBV‐DNA status was identified as a significant prognostic factor for PFS and OS in relapsed/refractory ENKL.
Artificial neural network‐based prediction of prolonged length of stay and need for post‐acute care in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kulkarni Hemant , Thangam Manoj , Amin Amit P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProlonged length of stay (LOS) and post‐acute care after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is common and costly. Risk models for predicting prolonged LOS and post‐acute care have limited accuracy. Our goal was to develop and validate models using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict prolonged LOS > 7days and need for post‐acute care after PCI.MethodsWe defined prolonged LOS as ≥7 days and post‐acute care as patients discharged to: extended care, transitional care unit, rehabilitation, other acute care hospital, nursing home or hospice care. Data from 22 675 patients who presented with ACS and underwent PCI was shuffled and split into a derivation set (75% of dataset) and a validation dataset (25% of dataset). Calibration plots were used to examine the overall predictive performance of the MLP by plotting observed and expected risk deciles and fitting a lowess smoother to the data. Classification accuracy was assessed by a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsOur MLP‐based model predicted prolonged LOS with an accuracy of 90.87% and 88.36% in training and test sets, respectively. The post‐acute care model had an accuracy of 90.22% and 86.31% in training and test sets, respectively. This accuracy was achieved with quick convergence. Predicted probabilities from the MLP models showed good (prolonged LOS) to excellent calibration (post‐acute care).ConclusionsOur ANN‐based models accurately predicted LOS and need for post‐acute care. Larger studies for replicability and longitudinal studies for evidence of impact are needed to establish these models in current PCI practice.
B‐type natriuretic peptide over N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide to predict incident atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Palà E. , Pagola J. , Juega J. , Francisco‐Pascual J. , Bustamante A. , Penalba A. , Comas I. , Rodriguez M. , De Lera Alfonso M. , Arenillas J. F. , de Torres R. , Pérez‐Sánchez S. , Cabezas J. A. , Moniche F. , González‐Alujas T. , Molina C. A. , Montaner J. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are well‐known surrogates of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection but studies usually present data on either BNP or NT‐proBNP. The aim was to determine and directly compare the validity of the two biomarkers as a tool to predict AF and guide prolonged cardiac monitoring in cryptogenic stroke patients.MethodsNon‐lacunar acute ischaemic stroke (<72 h) patients over 55 years of age with cryptogenic stroke after standard evaluation were included in the Crypto‐AF study and blood was collected. BNP and NT‐proBNP levels were determined by automated immunoassays. AF was assessed by 28 days’ monitoring. Highest (optimizing specificity) and lowest (optimizing sensitivity) quartiles were used as biomarker cut‐offs to build predictive models adjusted by sex and age. The integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) and DeLong test were used to compare the performance of the two biomarkers.ResultsFrom 320 patients evaluated, 218 were included in the analysis. AF was detected in 50 patients (22.9%). NT‐proBNP (P < 0.001) and BNP (P < 0.001) levels were higher in subjects with AF and their levels correlated (r = 0.495, P < 0.001). BNP showed an increased area under the curve (0.720 vs. 0.669; P = 0.0218) and a better predictive capacity (IDI = 3.63%, 95% confidence interval 1.36%–5.91%) compared to NT‐proBNP. BNP performed better than NT‐proBNP in a specific model (IDI = 3.7%, 95% confidence interval 0.87%–6.5%), whilst both biomarkers performed similarly in the case of a sensitive model.ConclusionsBoth BNP and NT‐proBNP were increased in cryptogenic stroke patients with AF detection. Interestingly, BNP outperforms NT‐proBNP, especially in terms of specificity.
Translational perspectives to treat Epidermolysis bullosa—Where do we stand?
Authors: Prodinger Christine , Bauer Johann W , Laimer Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the prototypical example of genetic skin fragility disorders. Genotypic heterogeneity, modifier genes, epigenetic, biochemical and environmental factors alter and determine pathogenic traits and, ultimately, the wide and striking phenotypic variability in EB. Besides the primary structural‐functional defect, chronic tissue damage with induction and dysregulation of inflammatory pathways is a common pathogenic mechanism in EB. In localized variants, the inflammatory aberrations may mainly affect the micromilieu of lesional skin, while a systemic inflammatory response was shown to contribute to the systemic morbidity in severe EB subtypes with extensive cutaneous involvement. Our continued understanding of the pathophysiology of EB, as well as advances in molecular technologies, has paved the way for translational therapeutic approaches. The spectrum comprises of corrective and symptom‐relieving therapies that include innovative therapeutic options garnered from the bench, repurposed drugs approved for other diseases, as well as strategies for gene‐, protein‐ and cell‐based therapies. Immunological traits further define new targets of therapy, aimed at improving skin barrier restoration, microbial surveillance and infection control, wound healing and anti‐neoplastic effects. Clinical availability and feasibility of these approaches for all EB patients and subtypes are currently limited, reflecting issues of efficacy, specificity, tolerability and safety. A multistep targeting approach and highly individualized, risk‐stratified combinatory treatment plans will thus be essential for sustained efficacy and improved overall quality of life in EB.
The shaping of public services through calculative practices: The roles of accountants, citizens, professionals, and politicians
Authors: Lapsley Irvine , Miller Peter , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis contribution introduces the special issue on the roles of accounting practices in the context of reforms to and within public service organizations. The papers in the special issue provide fresh insights into the ways in which calculative practices intervene in public services, and thus come to affect the experiences of such actors, offering important perspectives on how the latter act to resist, reshape, redefine, and change those very practices, or strategically and tactically use (or avoid the use of) accounting to impact the ways in which services are defined and delivered.
The study of slavery in the early and central middle ages: Old problems and new approaches
Authors: Sutherland Samuel S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditionally treated separately from the Mediterranean slavery of the later middle ages, the study of slavery in the early and central middle ages has mostly fixated on locating and explaining the disappearance of Roman slavery and its replacement with serfdom. Marc Bloch provided the seminal study for this line of inquiry. While subsequent scholars have debated Bloch's approach to defining medieval slavery, his proposed causes for its disappearance, and the timing and pace of the transition, most studies nevertheless continue in the tradition of attempting to answer his question. Some recent studies, however, have moved away from this question altogether to elucidate the continued significance of slavery in various societies of the central middle ages.
Expectations versus reality: The well‐being of female migrant workers in garment factories in Myanmar
Authors: NGUYEN Hanh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines how material and non‐material well‐being is under‐stood and experienced by female migrant workers in unskilled labour‐intensive industries. It follows the capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen, arguing that a lack of self‐ and collective empowerment can undermine economic, social and psychological well‐being. Data drawn from a survey of a cross section of 249 female migrant workers in garment factories in Myanmar support this theory. In the light of the country's economic and social transitions, its asymmetric labour market and its underdeveloped social security system, the author suggests that labour policies should embrace and empower the most vulnerable groups of workers.
Whole‐genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during silkworm improvement
Authors: Li Chunlin , Zuo Weidong , Tong Xiaoling , Han Minjin , Gao Rui , Hu Hai , Lu Kunpeng , Luan Yue , Zhang Bili , Liu Yanyu , Dai Fangyin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreeding or genetic improvement refers to the process of artificial selection following domestication; as such, it has had a major influence on modern agriculture and animal production. Improvement generally focuses on traits that greatly affect the economic performance. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis underlying improvement will contribute to the identification of genes controlling economic traits and will facilitate future crop and animal breeding. However, genome‐wide study of the molecular basis underlying improvement remains rare. The silkworm is a unique, entirely domesticated economically important invertebrate; genetic improvement has had a huge effect on the silkworm regarding silk‐related traits. Herein, we performed whole‐genomic sequencing on local and genetically improved silkworm lines to identify the genomic regions under strong selection in silkworm breeding/improvement. By genomic‐wide selective sweeping analysis, we identified 24 genomic regions with strong selection signals, eight of which contained 13 candidate genes underlying silkworm breeding. Interestingly, six of these genes were annotated with functions related to neural signal response. Among the six genes, BGIBMGA004050 encodes silkworm CREB‐regulated_transcription_coactivator_1 (BmCRTC1), which was reported to be involved in energy‐sensing pathways. These results suggested that improvement may have affected the nervous system of the silkworm. This research will provide new insights into the genetic basis underlying the genetic improvement of silkworms and possibly of other species.
Powering up flipped learning: An online learning environment with a concept map‐guided problem‐posing strategy
Authors: Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Chang Shao‐Chen , Song Yanjie , Hsieh Min‐Chuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScholars have suggested that flipped learning can be enhanced by designing effective in‐class learning activities to improve students' higher order thinking skills. Problem posing has been recognized as such a learning strategy that has great potential for improving students' higher order thinking skills. However, it has been reported as a challenging task for most students. Research evidence has indicated the potential of engaging students in group learning with step‐by‐step hints when conducting problem‐posing activities. Therefore, this study proposed a multilevel concept mapping‐based problem‐posing strategy to assist students in completing the problem‐posing tasks in flipped learning. To understand the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, a flipped learning system was developed and adopted in the science class of an elementary school. Seventy‐five fifth graders from three classes were divided into experimental group A, experimental Group B and a control group. Students in Group A used the concept map‐guided problem‐posing strategy for flipped learning (CMPP‐FL), students in Group B used the problem‐posing strategy‐based flipped learning, while students in the control group used the conventional flipped learning strategy. The results showed that the CMPP‐FL was effective in terms of improving students' learning performance, especially for students with higher levels of critical thinking tendency.
How do species barriers decay? Concordance and local introgression in mosaic hybrid zones of mussels
Authors: Simon Alexis , Fraïsse Christelle , El Ayari Tahani , Liautard‐Haag Cathy , Strelkov Petr , Welch John J. , Bierne Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Mytilus complex of marine mussel species forms a mosaic of hybrid zones, found across temperate regions of the globe. This allows us to study ‘replicated’ instances of secondary contact between closely related species. Previous work on this complex has shown that local introgression is both widespread and highly heterogeneous, and has identified SNPs that are outliers of differentiation between lineages. Here, we developed an ancestry‐informative panel of such SNPs. We then compared their frequencies in newly sampled populations, including samples from within the hybrid zones, and parental populations at different distances from the contact. Results show that close to the hybrid zones, some outlier loci are near to fixation for the heterospecific allele, suggesting enhanced local introgression, or the local sweep of a shared ancestral allele. Conversely, genomic cline analyses, treating local parental populations as the reference, reveal a globally high concordance among loci, albeit with a few signals of asymmetric introgression. Enhanced local introgression at specific loci is consistent with the early transfer of adaptive variants after contact, possibly including asymmetric bi‐stable variants (Dobzhansky‐Muller incompatibilities), or haplotypes loaded with fewer deleterious mutations. Having escaped one barrier, however, these variants can be trapped or delayed at the next barrier, confining the introgression locally. These results shed light on the decay of species barriers during phases of contact.
Do the ages of parents or helpers affect offspring fitness in a cooperatively breeding bird?
Authors: Cooper Eve B. , Bonnet Timothée , Osmond Helen , Cockburn Andrew , Kruuk Loeske E. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAge‐related changes in parental phenotypes or genotypes can impact offspring fitness, but separating germline from nongermline transgenerational effects of ageing is difficult for wild populations. Further, in cooperatively breeding species, in addition to parental ages, the age of ‘helpers’ attending offspring may also affect juvenile performance. Using a 30‐year study of a cooperative breeder with very high rates of extra‐pair paternity, the superb fairy‐wren (Malurus cyaneus), we investigated the effects of maternal, paternal and helper ages on three measures of offspring performance: nestling weight, juvenile survival to independence and recruitment to the breeding population. Mothers with a longer lifespan had offspring with higher juvenile survival, indicating selective disappearance, but the effect of maternal age on juvenile survival was of similar magnitude but negative. For extra‐pair offspring, there was no evidence of any effect of the ages of either the genetic sire or the cuckolded ‘social’ father. However, for within‐pair offspring, there was a positive effect of paternal age on juvenile survival, which we suggest may be driven by sexual selection. There were positive associations between the average age of helpers attending a nest and two of the three aspects of offspring performance; these effects were stronger than any of the effects of parental age. In general, the multiple associations between offspring fitness and the ages of adults around them appeared to be driven more by age‐related changes in environmental effects than by age‐related changes in the germline.
Genetic and morphological assessment of a vulnerable large catfish, Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822), in natural populations from India
Authors: Mandal Sangeeta , Singh Achal , Sah Priyanka , Singh Rajeev K. , Kumar Raj , Lal Kuldeep K. , Mohindra Vindhya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilonia silondia is a commercially important fish distributed in Asian countries, which is under threat due to overexploitation. This study focuses on the morphological analysis and genetic variation of S. silondia individuals, through truss network and sequencing of two mitochondrial regions, respectively, from six wild populations of the Ganga and Mahanadi river systems in India. A total of 38 haplotypes was observed by analysing combined mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b + ATPase 6/8) in 247 individuals of S. silondia collected from six populations. Average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.8508 and 0.00231, respectively. Genetic structure analysis showed the predominant cause of genetic variation to be within populations. The two clades were observed among the haplotypes and time of divergence from their most probable ancestor was estimated to be around 0.3949 mya. Analysis of combined mitochondrial genes in six populations of S. silondia resulted into three management units or genetic stocks. The truss network analysis was carried out by interconnecting 12 landmarks from digital images of specimens to identify phenotypic stocks. Sixty‐five truss morphometric variables were analysed for geometric shape variation which revealed morphological divergence in River Son specimens. The present study presents molecular markers and genetic diversity data which can be critical input for conservation and management of differentiated populations and future monitoring of the genetic bottleneck. The morphological shape analysis clearly shows that variation in the insertion of adipose fin is an important parameter influencing the morphological discrimination.