bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DSDapp use for multidisciplinary esthetic planning
Authors: do Vale Voigt Mateus , Espíndola‐Castro Luís Felipe , de Melo Monteiro Gabriela Queiroz , Ortigoza Leonardo Santiago , dos Santos Torreão Adilson , Georg Ralph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesDigital smile design (DSD) is useful in planning multidisciplinary esthetic treatments. However, DSD requires clinician training and skill to ensure its effective use. The Digital smile design application (DSDapp) was recently developed, to facilitate such planning. The objective of this study was to illustrate the use of the DSDapp for esthetic planning in a clinical case that included periodontal plastic surgery and ceramic laminate veneers.Clinical considerationsAn intraoral digital scan was performed, and a photograph was obtained using an iPad (frontal facial full smile). The images were analyzed using the DSDapp. All reference lines were inserted, and dental shapes predetermined by the app were superimposed on the photographs. A digital diagnostic wax‐up was performed considering the plan created in the DSDapp. After 3D printing the wax‐up, a mock‐up transferred the planning to the oral cavity. Following this, the patient was referred to a periodontist for the periodontal plastic surgery. After the healing period, the teeth were prepared for computer‐aided design/computer‐aided modeling lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers.ConclusionsDSDapp use accelerated the initial planning steps. Smile planning can be performed during the clinical session with the patient's active participation. In addition, the DSDapp facilitated better communication within the multidisciplinary team.Clinical significanceThe DSDapp relies more on intuition than on skill and training to execute the treatment plan. The DSDapp provides immediate feedback to the patient, offering greater predictability and helps monitor the planning through all the clinical stages.
Activin A affects feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Tang Shulin , Liang Xu‐Fang , He Shan , Alam Muhammad Shoaib , Luo Haocan , Kuang Yulan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractActivin A belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor‐β and plays an important role in hormone regulation and tissue development. However, few research studies have been conducted on the effect of activin A on feeding organs in fish. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were treated with 1 ng ml–1 activin A for 8 days continuously. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining section results revealed that the transverse inner diameter of the pharynx and oesophagus significantly increased on the third and eighth days after treatment compared with the control group (P < 0.05). On the eighth day, the cross‐sectional area of the pharyngeal muscle increased by 8638 μm2 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The RNA in situ hybridization results also showed that the expression of skeletal muscle‐specific genes (myog and myod) was significantly increased in pharyngeal muscle on the eighth day. Furthermore, the qRT‐PCR results showed the expression of gh gene was significantly increased on the eighth day (P < 0.05). At the same time, more larvae in activin A group were able to feed larger brine shrimp (Artemia) than in the control group on the eighth day. In conclusion, activin A could affect feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish larvae. This study is the first to report that the development of the pharynx and oesophagus can directly affect food intake in fish larvae, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of food intake of fish at an early stage.
Rethinking data‐driven decision support in flood risk management for a big data age
Authors: Towe Ross , Dean Graham , Edwards Liz , Nundloll Vatsala , Blair Gordon , Lamb Rob , Hankin Barry , Manson Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecision‐making in flood risk management is increasingly dependent on access to data, with the availability of data increasing dramatically in recent years. We are therefore moving towards an era of big data, with the added challenges that, in this area, data sources are highly heterogeneous, at a variety of scales, and include a mix of structured and unstructured data. The key requirement is therefore one of integration and subsequent analyses of this complex web of data. This paper examines the potential of a data‐driven approach to support decision‐making in flood risk management, with the goal of investigating a suitable software architecture and associated set of techniques to support a more data‐centric approach. The key contribution of the paper is a cloud‐based data hypercube that achieves the desired level of integration of highly complex data. This hypercube builds on innovations in cloud services for data storage, semantic enrichment and querying, and also features the use of notebook technologies to support open and collaborative scenario analyses in support of decision making. The paper also highlights the success of our agile methodology in weaving together cross‐disciplinary perspectives and in engaging a wide range of stakeholders in exploring possible technological futures for flood risk management.
Comparative analysis of neural network training algorithms for the flood forecast modelling of an alluvial Himalayan river
Authors: Tabbussum Ruhhee , Dar Abdul Qayoom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to develop novel flood forecasting models using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. The models were assessed and validated for the case study of an alluvial river in the Kashmir region of the Indian Himalayas‐River Jhelum. In September 2014, a major flood occurred in the Kashmir Valley with peak discharge exceeding 115,000 m3/s; brought about by the multifarious interaction among atmospheric disturbances. The present study targeted the development of ANN models for flood prognosis. Thereby five neural network models were developed: Bayesian regularisation neural network, the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network, conjugate gradient neural network, scaled conjugate gradient neural network, and resilient back‐propagation neural network. Levenberg–Marquardt neural network model, with the mean squared error of 0.002128 (lowest of all models) and coefficient of determination of 95.839% (highest of all models), proved to be the best model based on the statistical validation parameters. All the simulations were evaluated and curves graphed for actual versus predicted discharges for 20% of the data. These models may be used to predict floods, and take advance precautionary measures by Irrigation and Flood Control Department of the State, rather than waiting for flood hydrograph to shoot (norm as of now).
Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in Italy and Projections to 2060 for Italy and Europe
Authors: Di Carlo Antonio , Zaninelli Augusto , Mori Fabio , Consoli Domenico , Bellino Leonardo , Baldereschi Marzia , Sgherzi Bruno , Gradia Chiara , DʼAlfonso Maria Grazia , Cattarinussi Alessandro , Pracucci Giovanni , Piccardi Benedetta , Polizzi Bianca Maria , Inzitari Domenico ,   for the National Research Program: Progetto FAI. La Fibrillazione Atriale in Italia
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAtrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes may carry different cardiovascular risk profiles, but information on their frequency from population‐based studies is lacking. We estimated prevalence of AF subtypes in a representative sample of the Italian older population, projecting figures for Italy and the European Union.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGThree primary care practices in northern, central, and southern Italy.PARTICIPANTSAll individuals aged 65 years or older, for a total sample of 6,016 subjects. Excluding 235 noneligible, participation was 78.3%, which left 4,528 participants.MEASUREMENTSA double systematic and opportunistic screening procedure identified possible AF cases, followed by clinical and electrocardiogram confirmation. Patients were categorized with paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent AF. Prevalence was calculated by sex and 5‐year age groups. Prevalence figures were applied to population projections for all 28 European Union states to estimate AF subtypes expected in future decades.RESULTSIn the 4,528 participants (mean age = 74.5 ± 6.8 years; 47.2% men), 331 AF cases were identified: 140 (42.3%) paroxysmal, 77 (23.3%) persistent, and 114 (34.4%) permanent. Prevalence was 3.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6%–3.6%) for paroxysmal, 1.7% (95% CI = 1.4%–2.1%) for persistent, and 2.5% (95% CI = 2.1%–3.0%) for permanent AF. Italian older persons having AF in 2016 were estimated at approximately 449,000 for paroxysmal, approximately 240,000 for persistent, and approximately 391,000 for permanent AF, projected to increase in 2060 to approximately 785,000, approximately 358,000, and approximately 748,000, respectively. European Union older persons having AF in 2016 were estimated at approximately 3,185,000 for paroxysmal, approximately 1,722,000 for persistent, and approximately 2,710,000 for permanent AF, projected to increase in 2060 to approximately 5,989,000, approximately 2,833,000, and approximately 5,579,000, respectively.CONCLUSIONWe provided first projections of AF subtypes for Italy and Europe. The worse cardiovascular risk profile of persistent and permanent forms indicates an increased burden in future decades.
Benzodiazepine Use and Deprescribing in Belgian Nursing Homes: Results from theCOME‐ONStudy
Authors: Evrard Perrine , Henrard Séverine , Foulon Veerle , Spinewine Anne 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo describe the use and deprescribing of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) among nursing home residents (NHRs), to evaluate appropriateness of use and to identify factors associated with BZRA use and deprescribing.DESIGNPosthoc analysis of the Collaborative Approach to Optimize Medication Use for Older People in Nursing Homes (COME‐ON) study, a cluster controlled trial that evaluated the impact of a complex intervention on potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) in nursing homes (NHs).SETTINGA total of 54NHsin Belgium.PARTICIPANTSA total of 797 NHRs included in the study who had complete medical, clinical, and medication information at baseline and at the end of the study (month 15).MEASUREMENTSData were recorded by participating healthcare professionals. Reasons why BZRA use was considered as PIPs were assessed using the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® and the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, version 2. Deprescribing included complete cessation or decreased daily dose. We identified factors at the NHR, prescriber, and NH levels associated with BZRA use and BZRA deprescribing using multivariable binary and multinomial logistic regression, respectively.RESULTSAt baseline, 418 (52.4%) NHRs were taking a BZRA. The use of BZRA for longer than 4 weeks, with two or more other central nervous system active drugs, and in patients with delirium, cognitive impairment, falls, or fractures was found in more than 67% of BZRA users. Eight NHR‐related variables and two prescriber‐related variables were associated with regular BZRA use. Deprescribing occurred in 28.1% of BZRA users (32.9% in the intervention group and 22.1% in the control group). In addition to four other factors, dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.45–3.83]) and intervention group (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.07–2.87) were associated with deprescribing.CONCLUSIONUse of BZRAs was highly prevalent, and reasons to consider it as PIP were frequent. Deprescribing occurred in one‐fourth of NHRs, which is encouraging. Future interventions should focus on specific aspects of PIPs (ie, indication, duration, drug‐drug and drug‐disease interactions) as well as on nondementia patients.
Frailty, Cognitive Impairment, and Anticoagulation Among Older Adults with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mailhot Tanya , McManus David D. , Waring Molly E. , Lessard Darleen , Goldberg Robert , Bamgbade Benita A. , Saczynski Jane S. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESOral anticoagulation (OAC) is challenging in older patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who are often frail and have cognitive impairment. We examined the characteristics of older NVAF patients associated with higher odds of physical and cognitive impairments. We also examined if these high‐risk patients have different OAC prescribing patterns and their satisfaction with treatment because it may impact optimal management of their NVAF.METHODSThe patients in the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation (SAGE‐AF study cohort 2016–2018) had NVAF, were aged 65 and older, and eligible for the receipt of OAC. Measures included frailty (Fried Frailty scale), cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Battery), OAC prescribing and type (direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] or vitamin K antagonist [VKA]), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), bleeding, stroke risk, and treatment benefit (Anti‐Clot Treatment Scale).RESULTSPatients (n = 1,244) were 49% female, aged 76 (standard deviation = 7) years. A total of 14% were frail, and 42% had cognitive impairment. Frailty and cognitive impairment co‐occurred in 9%. Odds of having both impairments versus none were higher with depression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.59–8.26), older age (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.29–1.88), lower education (OR = 3.81; 95%CI = 2.13–6.81), race/ethnicity other than non‐Hispanic White (OR = 7.94; 95% CI = 4.34–14.55), bleeding risk (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.12–1.81), and stroke risk (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.13–1.62). OAC prescribing was not associated with CI and frailty status. Among patients taking OACs (85%), those with both impairments were more likely to take DOAC than VKA (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.01–2.80). Having both impairments (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.08–3.27) or cognitive impairment (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.09–2.24) was associated with higher odds of reporting lower treatment benefit.CONCLUSIONIn a large cohort of older NVAF patients, half were frail or cognitively impaired, and 9% had both impairments. We highlight the characteristics of patients who may benefit from cognitive and physical function screenings to maximize treatment and enhance prognosis. Finally, the co‐occurrence of impairment was associated with low perceived benefit of treatment that may impede optimal management.
Characterization and classification of different female hairline patterns in the Thai population
Authors: Natpracha Wasrin , Sukanjanapong Siriorn , Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Suchonwanit Poonkiat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hairline is an essential component of the human face. Disfigurement of the hairline may cause physical and psychological problems. Standard guidelines do not exist for female hairline designs, average values of infratemporal portion, hairline classifications, and preferences.AimsWe aimed to study hairline characteristics in Thai females and further compare the values with previous studies in different populations. Furthermore, we aimed to introduce a comprehensive hairline classification system that allowed an easy and detailed phenotypic characterization of female hairline.Patients/MethodsHealthy Thai females aged over 18 years were included in the study. Collection of demographic data, infratemporal measurements, and standard photography was performed. All collected data were analyzed to determine the standard values of each hairline dimension for comparison to previous studies.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐nine females, with a mean age of 32.4 ± 8.6 years, participated in this study. The mean mid‐frontal line was 6.45 ± 0.89 cm, which was not correlated with age. Lateral mounds, widow's peaks, and cowlicks were observed in 42.35%, 24.45%, and 1.74% participants, respectively. Our study revealed five patterns of the frontal hairline and four patterns of the temporal hairline. The mid‐frontal line in Asian females trended longer than that in Caucasians, without statistical significance.ConclusionsMeasurements of the infratemporal portions in Thai females revealed no change with age, and the mid‐frontal line showed no statistically significant differences between Korean and Turkish participants. The hairline classification system introduced in our study was comprehensive and would be easily applicable in clinical practice. Female hairline dimensions and patterns reported in our study could provide reference values for hairline design in hairline restoration surgery as well as assist in accurate diagnosis of hair disorders.
Involuntary treatment in dementia care at home: Results from the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: Mengelers Angela M. H. J. , Moermans Vincent R. A. , Bleijlevens Michel H. C. , Verbeek Hilde , Capezuti Elizabeth , Tan Frans , Milisen Koen , Hamers Jan P. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo gain insight into the request, use and associated factors of involuntary treatment in people with dementia (PwD) receiving professional home care in the Netherlands and Belgium.BackgroundMost of the PwD remain living at home as long as possible. Due to complex care needs, this can result in an increased risk for care provided against the wishes of the client and/or to which the client resists, referred to as involuntary treatment.DesignSecondary data analyses of two cross‐sectional surveys.MethodsDementia case managers and district nurses filled in a questionnaire for each PwD in their caseload. This study included data of 627 PwD receiving professional home care in the Netherlands and 217 in Belgium. The same methodology (questionnaire and variables) was used in both samples. Descriptive statistics and multi‐level logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist.ResultsMore than half of the PwD (50.7%) living at home received involuntary treatment (Belgium 68.2% and the Netherlands 44.7%). Nonconsensual care (82.7%) was the most common, followed by psychotropic medication (40.7%) and physical restraints (18.5%). Involuntary treatment use was associated with living alone, greater ADL dependency, lower cognitive ability, higher family caregiver burden and receiving home care in Belgium versus the Netherlands. Involuntary treatment was most often requested by family caregivers.ConclusionsInvoluntary treatment is often used in PwD, which is in line with previous findings indicating dementia as a risk factor for involuntary treatment use. More research is needed to gain insight into variations in prevalence across other countries, which factors influence these differences and what countries can learn from each other regarding prevention of involuntary treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceTo provide person‐centred care, it is important to study ways to prevent involuntary treatment in PwD and to stimulate dialogue between professional and family caregivers for alternative interventions.
Effects of Denture Cleansers on the Flexural Strength of PMMA Denture Base Resin Modified with ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Abualsaud Reem , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Rahoma Ahmed , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Khan Soban Q. , Akhtar Sultan , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe additions of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZrO2) to denture base materials have produced nanocomposites with satisfactory properties, although there is a lack of research investigating the effects of denture cleansers on these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of denture cleansers on the flexural strength of denture base materials modified with nano‐ZrO2.Materials and MethodsA total of 270 specimens were fabricated from pure and nano‐ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resins at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. The groups were further divided into subgroups (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Flexural strength was measured at baseline (T0) in distilled water and after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 and T2) in denture cleansers. Data were collected and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe flexural strength of the nano‐ZrO2 modified denture base material decreased significantly after immersion in different denture cleansers at different immersion durations in comparison to baseline (T0) (p < 0.001). Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest reduction in flexural strength followed by Corega, while Renew cleansing solution resulted in the least change.ConclusionDenture cleansers can significantly affect the flexural strength of nano‐ZrO2 modified denture base materials and thus should be used cautiously.
Risk factors associated with progressive increases in serum creatinine concentrations in cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Palm Carrie A. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Delgado Mikel , Rebhun Robert B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAzotemia occurs in cats administered doxorubicin, but risk factors have not been explored.ObjectiveTo determine incidence of progressive increases in serum creatinine concentration in cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin in single or multiagent chemotherapy protocols and associated risk factors.AnimalsSeventy cats with cancer receiving doxorubicin.MethodsA retrospective study (2007‐2017) of cats with indices of kidney function recorded before and after doxorubicin administration was reviewed. Cats diagnosed with kidney injury because of known etiologies other than possible doxorubicin toxicosis were excluded. Variables were compared to identify risk factors.ResultsMean age (±SD) was 10.9 years (±3.2). Cancer types included lymphoma (n = 36), sarcoma (n = 19) and carcinoma (n = 14). Chronic kidney disease was present in 29/70 (41%) cats before receiving doxorubicin. Of 70 cats, 24 (34%) developed an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥0.3 mg/dL and 10 (14%) had an increase ≥50% from baseline. Mean time to increases in serum creatinine concentration ≥0.3 mg/dL from first administration of doxorubicin was 119.3 days (±89.7), with mean 2.8 (±1.2) doses administered. Neutropenia or anemia during chemotherapy and number of radiation therapy treatments under general anesthesia were risk factors for increases in serum creatinine concentration (P < .05). Cats receiving single agent doxorubicin had a higher likelihood of an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline than cats receiving CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocols (OR 20.0, 95% CI 2.9‐100).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProgressive increases in serum creatinine concentration from baseline were common in cats receiving doxorubicin and associated risk factors were identified.