bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDIinflows spillover effect implications on theAsian‐Pacificlabour productivity
Authors: Ahmed Elsadig Musa , Kialashaki Rahim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows spillover effects influence on the labour productivity of the most important Asian‐Pacific countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand). The modified‐intensive growth theory model that is based on labour productivity (out per worker) is employed. Both growth accounting and econometric approaches are combined to estimate input terms (explanatory variables) parameters in the first step followed by the second step that plugs the estimated coefficients into the modified model to calculate the productivity indicators. The results show that the FDI inflows spillover effects are input‐driven which was generally more predominant than total factor productivity (TFP) per worker (intensity) growth that is expressed the combined contribution of inputs' qualities technological progress or what so‐called productivity‐driven. TFP intensity growth results show that most of the selected Asian‐Pacific counters economic growth is considered to be an input‐driven and highly dependent on absorptive capacity per worker. This indicates that the FDI spillover effects (absorptive capacity) have a significant and low impact on these economies. However, the economies of Japan, South Korea and China showed productivity‐driven growth among Asian countries under study. Besides, Australia and New Zealand showed productivity‐driven as resource‐based economies. The technology transfers and human capital skills development or what so‐called FDI spillover effects contribute significantly in the cases of Japan, South Korea, and China among the Asian countries. For these countries to achieve the New Economic Model of development to sustain its long‐run economic growth, to be a high income and knowledge‐driven economy based on high‐skilled human capital, the productivity must be given top priority.
Stereochemical language in supramolecular polymer chemistry: How we can do better
Authors: Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. , Denmark Scott E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStereochemical nomenclature remains a point of attention; especially now different fields in chemistry become more and more entwined. The ubiquitously used terminology “amplification of chirality” is fundamentally incorrect, as chirality cannot be amplified. Instead, we now recommend “amplification of asymmetry” as an alternative in the field of (supramolecular) polymer chemistry. Amplification of asymmetry refers to the increase of the magnitude of the asymmetry in the enantiomeric composition either at the molecular or the supramolecular level, and covers observations of nonproportional increase in optical activity in helical (supramolecular) polymers and in high enantiomeric excesses found when nonlinear effects are operative in asymmetric catalysis.
The multipolar structure of fuzzballs
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Consoli Dario , Grillo Alfredo , Morales Josè Francisco , Pani Paolo , Raposo Guilherme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We extend and refine a general method to extract the multipole moments of arbitrary stationary spacetimes and apply it to the study of a large family of regular horizonless solutions to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 four-dimensional supergravity coupled to four Abelian gauge fields. These microstate geometries can carry angular momentum and have a much richer multipolar structure than the Kerr black hole. In particular they break the axial and equatorial symmetry, giving rise to a large number of nontrivial multipole moments. After studying some analytical examples, we explore the four-dimensional parameter space of this family with a statistical analysis. We find that microstate mass and spin multipole moments are typically (but not always) larger that those of a Kerr black hole with the same mass and angular momentum. Furthermore, we find numerical evidence that some invariants associated with the (dimensionless) moments of these microstates grow monotonically with the microstate size and display a global minimum at the black-hole limit, obtained when all centers collide. Our analysis is relevant in the context of measurements of the multipole moments of dark compact objects with electromagnetic and gravitational-wave probes, and for observational tests to distinguish fuzzballs from classical black holes.
Emergent chiral symmetry in a three-dimensional interacting Dirac liquid
Authors: Szabó András L. , Roy Bitan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We compute the effects of strong Hubbardlike local electronic interactions on three-dimensional four-component massless Dirac fermions, which in a noninteracting system possess a microscopic global U(1) ⊗ SU(2) chiral symmetry. A concrete lattice realization of such chiral Dirac excitations is presented, and the role of electron-electron interactions is studied by performing a field theoretic renormalization group (RG) analysis, controlled by a small parameter ϵ with ϵ = d−1, about the lower-critical one spatial dimension. Besides the noninteracting Gaussian fixed point, the system supports four quantum critical and four bicritical points at nonvanishing interaction couplings ∼ ϵ. Even though the chiral symmetry is absent in the interacting model, it gets restored (either partially or fully) at various RG fixed points as emergent phenomena. A representative cut of the global phase diagram displays a confluence of scalar and pseudoscalar excitonic and superconducting (such as the s-wave and p-wave) mass ordered phases, manifesting restoration of (a) chiral U(1) symmetry between two excitonic masses for repulsive interactions and (b) pseudospin SU(2) symmetry between scalar or pseudoscalar excitonic and superconducting masses for attractive interactions. Finally, we perturbatively study the effects of weak rotational symmetry breaking on the stability of various RG fixed points.
Radial cutoffs and holographic entanglement
Authors: Grado-White Brianna , Marolf Donald , Weinberg Sean J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTensor networks,$$ T\overline{T} $$TT¯, and broader notions of a holographic principle all motivate the idea that some notion of gravitational holography should persist in the presence of a radial cutoff. But in the absence of time-reflection symmetry, the areas of Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surfaces anchored to the radial cutoff generally violate strong sub-additivity, even when the associated boundary regions are spacelike separated as defined by both bulk and boundary notions of causality. We thus propose an alternate definition of cutoff-holographic entropy using a restricted maximin prescription anchored to a codimension 2 cutoff surface. For bulk solutions that respect the null energy condition, we show that the resulting areas satisfy SSA, entanglement wedge nesting, and monogamy of mutual information in parallel with cutoff free results in AdS. These results hold even when the cutoff surface fails to be convex.
A radiatively induced neutrino mass model with hidden local U(1) and LFV processes ℓi → ℓjγ, μ → eZ′ and μe → ee
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi , Uesaka Yuichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate a model based on hidden U(1)X gauge symmetry in which neutrino mass is induced at one-loop level by effects of interactions among particles in hidden sector and the Standard Model leptons. Neutrino mass generation is also associated with U(1)X breaking scale which is taken to be low to suppress neutrino mass. Then we formulate neutrino mass matrix, lepton flavor violating processes and muon g − 2 which are induced via interactions among Standard Model leptons and particles in U(1)X hidden sector that can be sizable in our scenario. Carrying our numerical analysis, we show expected ratios for these processes when generated neutrino mass matrix can fit the neutrino data.
A cosmic microscope for the preheating era
Authors: Fan JiJi , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Light fields with spatially varying backgrounds can modulate cosmic preheating, and imprint the nonlinear effects of preheating dynamics at tiny scales on large scale fluctuations. This provides us a unique probe into the preheating era which we dub the “cosmic microscope”. We identify a distinctive effect of preheating on scalar perturbations that turns the Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a light scalar field into square waves, like a diode. The effect manifests itself as local non-Gaussianity. We present a model, “modulated partial preheating”, where this nonlinear effect is consistent with current observations and can be reached by near future cosmic probes.
Förder- und Rahmenbedingungen für Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung aus Projektsicht
Authors: Bethmann Andreas , Behrisch Birgit , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungPartizipative Gesundheitsforschung ist ein eigenständiger Forschungsansatz, der eigene Förderbedingungen benötigt. In der Zeitschrift Gesundheitswesen erschien im April 2020 ein Artikel, der Empfehlungen für geeignete Maßnahmen zur Förderung von partizipativer Gesundheitsforschung diskutiert. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags werden dort angesprochenen Aspekte durch Praxisbeispiele untermauert.3 Erfahrungsbeispiele werden aufgeführt, um die vielfältigen und unterschiedlichen Bedingungen während der Bewerbung um Mittel für partizipative Forschungsprojekte zu erläutern. Beispiel 1 zeigt, wie die fruchtbare Zusammenarbeit von Antragstellenden und fördernder Stelle partizipative Prozesse ermöglichte. In Beispiel 2 haben die Förder- und Antragsbedingungen, trotz eines Fokus auf Partizipation, eine wirksame Beteiligung im Rahmen der Antragsentwicklung nicht möglich gemacht. Beispiel 3 setzt sich mit eigenen, berechtigten Forschungsinteressen von Betroffenen auseinander, die in der gegenwärtigen Fördererlandschaft nur eingeschränkt Widerhall finden und kaum Förderung erfahren.Die Erfahrungen zur Förderung partizipativ angelegter Forschung gestalten sich sehr unterschiedlich. Es gibt positive Fälle, es überwiegen aber Erfahrungen mit Hindernissen, die eine partizipative Zusammenarbeit erschweren. Speziell betrifft dies die gemeinsame Erarbeitung von Forschungsanträgen (Themen, Fragestellung, Design) durch alle maßgeblichen Akteur*innen. Um partizipative Gesundheitsforschung effektiv zu fördern, braucht es daher flexiblere Ausschreibungsformate mit längeren Antragsfristen, die eine mehrstufige Förderung erlauben und auch für nichtakademische Akteur*innen und Akteursgruppen zugänglich sind.
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Database Created by the China Meteorological Administration
Authors: Lu Xiaoqin , Yu Hui , Ying Ming , Zhao Bingke , Zhang Shuai , Lin Limin , Bai Lina , Wan Rijin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the access to, and the content, characteristics, and potential applications of the tropical cyclone (TC) database that is maintained and actively developed by the China Meteorological Administration, with the aim of facilitating its use in scientific research and operational services. This database records data relating to all TCs that have passed through the western North Pacific (WNP) and South China Sea (SCS) since 1949. TC data collection has expanded over recent decades via continuous TC monitoring using remote sensing and specialized field detection techniques, allowing collation of a multi-source TC database for the WNP and SCS that covers a long period, with wide coverage and many observational elements. This database now comprises a wide variety of information related to TCs, such as historical or real-time locations (i.e., best track and landfall), intensity, dynamic and thermal structures, wind strengths, precipitation amounts, and frequency. This database will support ongoing research into the processes and patterns associated with TC climatic activity and TC forecasting.
Effect of frailty on treatment, hospitalisation and death in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Sze S. , Pellicori P. , Zhang J. , Weston J. , Squire I. B. , Clark A. L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Frailty is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poor outcomes. The natural history of frail patients with CHF is unknown.

Methods
Frailty was assessed using the clinical frailty scale (CFS) in 467 consecutive patients with CHF (67% male, median age 76 years, median NT-proBNP 1156 ng/L) attending a routine follow-up visit. Those with CFS > 4 were classified as frail. We investigated the relation between frailty and treatments, hospitalisation and death in patients with CHF.

Results
206 patients (44%) were frail. Of 291 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HeFREF), those who were frail (N = 117; 40%) were less likely to receive optimal treatment, with many not receiving a renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (frail: 25% vs. non-frail: 4%), a beta-blocker (16% vs. 8%) or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (50% vs 41%). By 1 year, there were 56 deaths and 322 hospitalisations, of which 25 (45%) and 198 (61%), respectively, were due to non-cardiovascular (non-CV) causes. Most deaths (N = 46, 82%) and hospitalisations (N = 215, 67%) occurred in frail patients. Amongst frail patients, 43% of deaths and 64% of hospitalisations were for non-CV causes; 58% of cardiovascular (CV) deaths were due to advancing HF. Among non-frail patients, 50% of deaths and 57% of hospitalisations were for non-CV causes; all CV deaths were due to advancing HF.

Conclusion
Frailty in patients with HeFREF is associated with sub-optimal medical treatment. Frail patients are more likely to die or be admitted to hospital, but whether frail or not, many events are non-CV.

Graphical abstract
Fruit intake, genetic risk and type 2 diabetes: a population-based gene–diet interaction analysis
Authors: Jia Xu , Xuan Liping , Dai Huajie , Zhu Wen , Deng Chanjuan , Wang Tiange , Li Mian , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yuhong , Xu Min , Ning Guang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Whether the association between fruit and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is modified by the genetic predisposition of T2D was yet elucidated. The current study is meant to examine the gene–dietary fruit intake interactions in the risk of T2D and related glycemic traits.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study in 11,657 participants aged ≥ 40 years from a community-based population in Shanghai, China. Fruit intake information was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire by asking the frequency of consumption of typical food items over the previous 12 months. T2D-genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed by 34 well established T2D common variants in East Asians. The risk of T2D, fasting, 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c associated with T2D-GRS and each individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested.

Results
The risk of T2D associated with each 1-point of T2D-GRS was gradually decreased from the lower fruit intake level (< 1 times/week) [the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (1.07–1.13)], to higher levels (1–3 and > 3 times/week) [the corresponding ORs and 95% CIs were 1.08 (1.05–1.10) and 1.07 (1.05–1.08); P for interaction = 0.04]. Analyses for associations with fasting, 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c demonstrated consistent tendencies (all P for interaction ≤ 0.03). The inverse associations of fruit intake with risk of T2D and glucose traits were more prominent in the higher T2D-GRS tertile.

Conclusions
Fruit intakes interact with the genetic predisposition of T2D on the risk of diabetes and related glucose metabolic traits. Fruit intake alleviates the association between genetic predisposition of T2D and the risk of diabetes; the association of fruit intake with a lower risk of diabetes was more prominent in population with a stronger genetic predisposition of T2D.
Integrating local pore water pressure monitoring in territorial early warning systems for weather-induced landslides
Authors: Pecoraro Gaetano , Calvello Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA methodology designed to integrate widespread meteorological monitoring and pore water pressure measurements is proposed. The procedure is tested in 30 hydrological basins highly susceptible to weather-induced landslides in Norway. The following data are used: a catalog of 125 weather-induced landslides in soils registered between January 2013 and June 2017, widespread meteorological monitoring data employed in a territorial warning model, and pore water pressure measurements retrieved from boreholes installed for a variety of geotechnical projects. The territorial warning model is initially applied to identify the warning events and the correspondent warning level in the test areas over the analysis period. Afterwards, a method for assessing the territorial warning events by analyzing the trends of the monitored pore water pressures is proposed. Finally, an augmented territorial warning model is calibrated and validated using statistical indicators widely adopted in literature. The analysis of the results reveals a satisfactory correspondence between days with landslides and the warning levels provided by the augmented territorial warning model. A final comparison between the results of the model calibration and the model validation highlighted the consistency of the model performance, once the three model parameters are adequately set.
International mobility of students in Italy and the UK: does it pay off and for whom?
Authors: d’Hombres Béatrice , Schnepf Sylke V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMore and more European higher education students decide to take part in international student mobility (ISM). However, not much is known about the actual benefits of studying abroad. This paper assesses UK and Italian students’ returns from ISM. Three research questions are addressed. First, does international student mobility increase graduates’ employment probability and postgraduate study uptake? Second, do the returns to ISM differ according to the socio-economic background of graduates? Third, do the returns to ISM vary between two countries with contrasting labour market and education systems? Results, based on propensity score matching, indicate that mobility is positively associated with a higher employment probability. Mobility abroad is likewise linked with a higher likelihood of enrolling in postgraduate studies in Italy. The benefits of mobility in terms of employment do not differ significantly across socio-economic groups. However, mobility is particularly effective in boosting the uptake of postgraduate studies among mobile Italian graduates with a low socio-economic background. In Italy, ISM returns are substantially higher than in the UK, which could reflect that the skills accumulated and the signals sent to potential employers through ISM are greater in Italy.
Ambient base-free glycerol oxidation over bimetallic PdFe/SiO2 by in situ generated active oxygen species
Authors: Underhill Ricci , Douthwaite Mark , Lewis Richard J. , Miedziak Peter J. , Armstrong Robert D. , Morgan David J. , Freakley Simon J. , Davies Thomas , Folli Andrea , Murphy Damien M. , He Qian , Akdim Ouardia , Edwards Jennifer K. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow temperature oxidation of alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts is exceptionally challenging, particularly under neutral conditions. Herein, we report on an efficient, base-free method to oxidise glycerol over a 0.5%Pd-0.5%Fe/SiO2 catalyst at ambient temperature in the presence of gaseous H2 and O2. The exceptional catalytic performance was attributed to the in situ formation of highly reactive surface-bound oxygenated species, which promote the dehydrogenation on the alcohol. The PdFe bimetallic catalyst was determined to be significantly more active than corresponding monometallic analogues, highlighting the important role both metals have in this oxidative transformation. Fe leaching was confirmed to occur over the course of the reaction but sequestering experiments, involving the addition of bare carbon to the reactions, confirmed that the reaction was predominantly heterogeneous in nature. Investigations with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that the reactivity in the early stages was mediated by surface-bound reactive oxygen species; no homogeneous radical species were observed in solution. This theory was further evidenced by a direct H2O2 synthesis study, which confirmed that the presence of Fe in the bimetallic catalyst neither improved the synthesis of H2O2 nor promoted its decomposition over the PdFe/SiO2 catalyst.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroendocrine tumour services in England
Authors: Weickert Martin O. , Robbins Tim , Kyrou Ioannis , Hopper Adam , Pearson Eilish , Barber Thomas M. , Kaltsas Gregory , Randeva Harpal S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been particular concerns regarding the related impact on specialist tumour services. Neuroendocrine tumour (NET) services are delivered in a highly specialised setting, typically delivered in a small number of centres that fulfil specific criteria as defined by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS). We aimed to address the COVID-19-related impact on specialist NET tumour services in England and other countries.

Methods
Electronic survey addressing patient access and delivery of care distributed to all ENETS Centres of Excellence (CoE) in England and matching number of ENETS CoE elsewhere. Semi-quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey responses were performed.

Results
Survey response of ENETS CoE in England was 55% (6/11). Responses from six non-UK ENETS CoE elsewhere were received and analysed in a similar manner. Relevant disruption of various NET services was noted across all responding Centres, which included delayed patient appointments and investigations, reduced availability of treatment modalities including delayed surgical treatment and a major negative impact on research activities. The comparison between English and non-UK ENETS CoE suggested that the former had significantly greater concerns related to future research funding (p = 0.014), whilst having less disruption to multidisciplinary meetings (p = 0.01). A trend was also noted towards virtual patient appointments in ENETS CoE in England vs. elsewhere (p = 0.092).

Conclusions
Restoration of highly specialised NET services following COVID-19 and planning for future service delivery and research funding must take account of the severe challenges encountered during the pandemic.