bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of disease from breast cancer attributable to smoking and second‐hand smoke exposure in Europe
Authors: Carreras Giulia , Lachi Alessio , Boffi Roberto , Clancy Luke , Gallus Silvano , Fernández Esteve , López Maria José , Soriano Joan B. , López Nicolás Ángel , Semple Sean , Behrakis Panagiotis , Gorini Giuseppe ,   TackSHS Project Investigators
Published: May 2020

AbstractSmoking and second‐hand smoke (SHS) exposure have been recently linked to a higher risk of breast cancer in women. The aim of this work is to estimate the number of deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from breast cancer attributable to these two risk factors in the European Union (EU‐28) in 2017. The comparative risk assessment method was used. Data on prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure were extracted from the Eurobarometer surveys, relative risks from a recent meta‐analysis, and data on mortality and DALYs from breast cancer were estimated from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study. In 2017, 82 239 DALYs and 3354 deaths from breast cancer in the EU‐28 could have been avoided by removing exposure to these two risk factors (smoking and SHS exposure). The proportion of DALYs from breast cancer lost respectively from smoking and SHS exposure was 2.6% and 1.0%, although geographically distributed with significant heterogeneity. These results represent the first estimates of breast cancer burden in women attributable to smoking and SHS exposure for the EU‐28. It is important to increase awareness among women, health professionals and wider society of the association between smoking, SHS exposure and breast cancer, a relationship that is not widely recognised or discussed.
A novel approach in multimodality medical image fusion using optimal shearlet and deep learning
Authors: Subbiah Parvathy Velmurugan , Pothiraj Sivakumar , Sampson Jenyfal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMulti‐modality medical image fusion (MMIF) procedures have been generally utilized in different clinical applications. MMIF can furnish an image with anatomical as well as physiological data for specialists that could advance the diagnostic procedures. Various models were proposed earlier related to MMIF though there is a need still exists to enhance the efficiency of the previous techniques. In this research, the authors proposed a novel fusion model based on optimal thresholding with deep learning concepts. An enhanced monarch butterfly optimization (EMBO) is utilized to decide the optimal threshold of fusion rules in shearlet transform. Then, low and high‐frequency sub‐bands were fused on the basis of feature maps and were given by the extraction part of the deep learning method. Here, restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) was utilized to conduct the MMIF procedure. A benchmark dataset was utilized for training and testing purposes. The investigations were conducted utilizing a set of generally‐utilized pre‐enrolled CT and MR images that are publicly accessible. From the usage of fused low and high level frequency groups, the fused image can be attained. The simulation performance results were attained and the proposed model was proved to offer effective performance in terms of SD, edge quality (EQ), mutual information (MI), fusion factor (FF), entropy, correlation factor (CF), and spatial frequency (SF) with respective values being 97.78, 0.96, 5.71, 6.53, 7.43, 0.97, and 25.78 over the compared methods.
Scale‐up manufacturing of gelatin‐based microcarriers for cell therapy
Authors: Dosta Pere , Ferber Shiran , Zhang Yi , Wang Kui , Ros Albert , Uth Nicholas , Levinson Yonatan , Abraham Eytan , Artzi Natalie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrocarriers, including crosslinked porous gelatin beads (Cultispher G) are widely used as cell carriers for cell therapy applications. Microcarriers can support a range of adherent cell types in stirred tank bioreactor culture, which is scalable up to several thousands of liters. Cultispher G in particular is advantageous for cell therapy applications because it can be dissolved enzymatically, and thus cells can be harvested without the need to perform a large‐scale cell‐bead filtration step. This enzymatic dissolution, however, is challenged by the slow degradation of the carriers in the presence of enzymes as new extracellular matrix is being deposited by the proliferating cells. This extended dissolution timelimits the yield of cell recovery while compromising cellular viability. We report herein the development of crosslinked porous gelatin beads that afford rapid, stimuli‐triggered dissolution for facile cell removal using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) as a model system. We successfully fabricated redox‐sensitive beads (RS beads) and studied their cell growth, dissolution time and cell yield, compared to regular gelatin‐based beads (Reg beads). We have shown that RS beads allow for much faster dissolution compared to Reg beads, supporting better hMSC detachment and recovery following 8 days of culture in spinner flasks, or in 3L bioreactors. These newly synthesized RS beads show promise as cellular microcarriers and can be used for scale‐up manufacturing of different cell types while providing on‐demand degradation for facile cell retrieval.
Elucidating the binding mechanism of thione‐containing mercaptopurine and thioguanine drugs to small gold clusters
Authors: Nhat Pham Vu , Si Nguyen Thanh , Tram Nguyen Thi Thu , Duong Long Van , Nguyen Minh Tho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory methods were employed to clarify the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the thione‐containing mercaptopurine and thioguanine drugs on the gold surface using both small Au6 and Au8 clusters as model reactants. Structural features, thermodynamic parameters, bonding characteristics, and electronic properties of the resulting complexes were investigated using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and LC‐BLYP functionals along with correlation‐consistent basis sets, namely cc‐pVDZ‐PP for gold and cc‐pVTZ for non‐metals. Computed results show that the drug molecules tend to anchor on the gold cluster at the S atom with binding energies around −34 to −40 kcal/mol (in vacuum) and − 28 to −32 kcal/mol (in aqueous solution). As compared to Au8, Au6 undergoes a shorter recovery time and a larger change of energy gap that could be converted to an electrical signal for selective detection of the drugs. Furthermore, interactions between the drugs and gold clusters are reversible processes and a drug release mechanism was also proposed. Accordingly, the drugs are able to separate from the gold surface due to either a slight change of pH in tumor cells or the presence of cysteine residues in protein matrices.
Identification of A‐kinase interacting protein 1 as a potential biomarker for risk and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yan Yan , Li Xiaoyan , Gao Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the correlation of A‐kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) expression with disease risk, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods291 de novo AML patients and 97 controls were consecutively recruited, and bone marrow samples were collected to detect AKIP1 expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction prior to initial treatment. Treatment response, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in AML patients were evaluated.ResultsA‐kinase interacting protein 1 expression was higher in AML patients than that in controls; meanwhile, receiver operating characteristic curve displayed that AKIP1 was able to distinguish AML patients from controls (area under the curve:0.772, 95%CI: 0.720‐0.823). Among AML patients, AKIP1 high expression was correlated with −7 or 7q−, monosomal karyotype, and worse risk stratification. Moreover, AKIP1 expression was negatively correlated with complete remission achievement, while no correlation of AKIP1 expression with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation achievement was observed. AKIP1 high expression was associated with shorter EFS and OS in total patients, and further subgroup analysis exhibited that AKIP1 high expression correlated with worse EFS and OS in intermediate‐risk and poor‐risk patients but not in better‐risk patients. Besides, subsequent analysis revealed that AKIP1 high expression was an independent factor predicting unfavorable EFS and OS.ConclusionA‐kinase interacting protein 1 has the potential to be a novel marker for assisting AML management.
Gastric subtype of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: The pathologic spectrum
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Terada Takuro , Fukumura Yukie , Sugino Takashi , Kakuda Yuko , Ikeda Hiroko , Harada Kenichi , Sato Yasunori , Shimizu Shinichiro , Matsukuma Susumu , Kee Taek Jang , Nyun Park Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIntraductal papillary neoplasms of bile duct (IPNBs) remain a challenging entity to manage. MethodsThe pathologic spectrum of 34 gastric subtype of IPNB (gIPNB) cases was examined in consideration of the type 1 and 2 subclassification proposed by Japan‐Korea consensus and compared with gastric subtype of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (gIPMN) (44 cases).ResultsType 1 gIPNBs (17 cases) showed regular papillary foveola with variable tubular pyloric glands. Eight of the type 1 gIPNBs showed low‐grade dysplasia. Type 2 cases (n = 17) showed complicated papillary and tubular structures and high‐grade dysplastic foveola and pyloric glands. Foveolas were predominant in 15 cases, while pyloric glands were predominant in 10 cases, and considerable areas of foveolas and pyloric glands in the remaining: these three were found similarly in type 1 and 2 gIPNB. gIPMNs showed central foveola with a peripheral pyloric gland. Such a pattern was recognizable in type 1 but vague in type 2. Type 1 was frequently found in the intrahepatic bile ducts and showed abundant mucin, as in gIPMNs, while type 2 also occurred in the extrahepatic bile ducts and were pathologically more malignant. ConclusionType 1 lesions shared features of gIPMN, while type 2 lesions differed from gIPMN and were more pathologically malignant.
The Tropical Easterly Jet over Africa, its representation in six reanalysis products, and its association with Sahel rainfall
Authors: Nicholson Sharon E. , Klotter Douglas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper compares the characteristics of the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and upper‐level winds in six reanalysis products, compares them with soundings at seven West African locations, examines the relationship between Sahel rainfall and the TEJ, and examines factors influencing the TEJ. The jet characteristics assessed by MERRA2, NCEP 1, JRA 55, and ERA 5 are similar. CFSR and 20th Century Reanalysis are outliers in nearly every analysis, overestimating wind speeds by as much as 25 to 40% compared to other reanalyses. Over the period 1948 to 2014, the correlation between rainfall and TEJ magnitude is .72. Arguments based on observations and modelling studies provide evidence that on interannual scales changes in the TEJ are not forced by rainfall, that large‐scale factors drive the TEJ. Potential mechanisms are discussed for a causal relationship such that a strong jet leads to high rainfall. However, further modelling efforts are needed to conclusively determine whether the TEJ/Sahel rainfall link is a result of common forcing factors. The factors that appear to control jet strength include sea‐surface temperature (SST) contrast between the central equatorial Pacific and central equatorial Indian Ocean (correlation of −.64), SST contrast between the central equatorial and the southern subtropical Indian Ocean (correlation of −.39), the latitude of the shift between upper‐tropospheric easterlies and westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere (correlation of −.84 at 150 hPa), and the intensity of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (correlation of +.52 at 200 hPa). This suggests considerable control on the TEJ by extra‐tropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere.
An Open‐Source Computer Vision Tool for Automated Vocal Fold Tracking From Videoendoscopy
Authors: Adamian Nat , Naunheim Matthew R. , Jowett Nate 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesContemporary clinical assessment of vocal fold adduction and abduction is qualitative and subjective. Herein is described a novel computer vision tool for automated quantitative tracking of vocal fold motion from videolaryngoscopy. The potential of this software as a diagnostic aid in unilateral vocal fold paralysis is demonstrated.Study DesignCase‐control.MethodsA deep‐learning algorithm was trained for vocal fold localization from videoendoscopy for automated frame‐wise estimation of glottic opening angles. Algorithm accuracy was compared against manual expert markings. Maximum glottic opening angles between adults with normal movements (N = 20) and those with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (N = 20) were characterized.ResultsAlgorithm angle estimations demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.97 (P < .001) and mean absolute difference of 3.72° (standard deviation [SD], 3.49°) in comparison to manual expert markings. In comparison to those with normal movements, patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated significantly lower maximal glottic opening angles (mean 68.75° ± 11.82° vs. 49.44° ± 10.42°; difference, 19.31°; 95% confidence interval [CI] [12.17°–26.44°]; P < .001). Maximum opening angle less than 58.65° predicted unilateral vocal fold paralysis with a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.85, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.888 (95% CI [0.784–0.991]; P < .001).ConclusionA user‐friendly software tool for automated quantification of vocal fold movements from previously recorded videolaryngoscopy examinations is presented, termed automated glottic action tracking by artificial intelligence (AGATI). This tool may prove useful for diagnosis and outcomes tracking of vocal fold movement disorders.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E219–E225, 2021
The indigenous Bedouin farmers as land rehabilitators—Setup of an action research programme in the Negev
Authors: Mor‐Mussery Amir , Helman David , Agmon Yael , Ben‐Shabat Itsik , El‐Frejat Salem , Golan Deborah Goldman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Negev suffers from enhanced land degradation, mostly due to lack of awareness about its state, and hostility between the region's indigenous Bedouin farmers and the authorities. In order to examine a potential solution to this 'Lose–Lose' situation, a unique project is underway, with the collaboration of the Yeroham Municipality and the adjacent Rahma Bedouin farmers' village. The concept of this ongoing Programme is based on bidirectional knowledge transfer of farming data between the farmers and land scientists, aimed to adapt Bedouin traditional cultivation methods and transform them into methods that restore the environment and are also profitable. In order to reach this goal, a highly knowledgeable Bedouin liaison person was appointed to carry out the project together with the Coordinating Team. A comprehensive study and tour were carried out in order to analyze the different landforms and Bedouin cultivation preferences. An initial survey was carried out and data from literature collected in order to determine the ecological and archaeological characteristics of the ecosystem. The area was then prepared for agricultural utilization by removing widespread garbage and dealing with wadis that have been filled with construction waste. This project, which integrates soil enhancement, agriculture utilization, and traditional Bedouin farming, aims for rehabilitation of the northern Negev gullied areas. However, the implementation of the study concept in the field is accompanied by many challenges related to Bedouin interclan communication and the diverse types of degraded lands.
Microbiota Composition and Metabolism Are Associated With Gut Function in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Cirstea Mihai S. , Yu Adam C. , Golz Ella , Sundvick Kristen , Kliger Daniel , Radisavljevic Nina , Foulger Liam H. , Mackenzie Melissa , Huan Tau , Finlay B. Brett , Appel‐Cresswell Silke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease is characterized by a high burden of gastrointestinal comorbidities, especially constipation and reduced colonic transit time, and by gut microbiota alterations. The diverse metabolites produced by the microbiota are broadly relevant to host health. How microbiota composition and metabolism relate to gastrointestinal function in Parkinson's disease is largely unknown. The objectives of the current study were to assesses associations between microbiota composition, stool consistency, constipation, and systemic microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease to better understand how intestinal microbes contribute to gastrointestinal disturbances commonly observed in patients.MethodsThree hundred participants (197 Parkinson's patients and 103 controls) were recruited for this cross‐sectional cohort study. Participants supplied fecal samples for microbiota sequencing (n = 300) and serum for untargeted metabolomics (n = 125). Data were collected on motor and nonmotor Parkinson's symptoms, medications, diet, and demographics.ResultsSignificant microbiota taxonomic differences were observed in Parkinson's patients, even when controlling for gastrointestinal function. Parkinson's microbiota was characterized by reduced carbohydrate fermentation and butyrate synthesis capacity and increased proteolytic fermentation and production of deleterious amino acid metabolites, including p‐cresol and phenylacetylglutamine. Taxonomic shifts and elevated proteolytic metabolites were strongly associated with stool consistency (a proxy for colonic transit time) and constipation among patients.ConclusionsCompositional and metabolic alterations in the Parkinson's microbiota are highly associated with gut function, suggesting plausible mechanistic links between altered bacterial metabolism and reduced gut health in this disease. The systemic detection of elevated deleterious proteolytic microbial metabolites in Parkinson's serum suggests a mechanism whereby microbiota dysbiosis contributes to disease etiology and pathophysiology. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurofilament Light in the Differentiation of Parkinsonism
Authors: Archer Derek B. , Mitchell Trina , Burciu Roxana G. , Yang Jing , Nigro Salvatore , Quattrone Aldo , Quattrone Andrea , Jeromin Andreas , McFarland Nikolaus R. , Okun Michael S. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAccurate diagnosis is particularly challenging in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSAp), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We compare the utility of 3 promising biomarkers to differentiate disease state and explain disease severity in parkinsonism: the Automated Imaging Differentiation in Parkinsonism (AID‐P), the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI), and plasma‐based neurofilament light chain protein (NfL).MethodsFor each biomarker, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves were quantified for PD versus MSAp/PSP and MSAp versus PSP and statistically compared. Unique combinations of variables were also assessed. Furthermore, each measures association with disease severity was determined using stepwise multiple regression.ResultsFor PD versus MSAp/PSP, AID‐P (AUC, 0.900) measures had higher AUC compared with NfL (AUC, 0.747) and MRPI (AUC, 0.669), P < 0.05. For MSAp versus PSP, AID‐P (AUC, 0.889), and MRPI (AUC, 0.824) measures were greater than NfL (AUC, 0.537), P < 0.05. We then combined measures to determine if any unique combination provided enhanced accuracy and found that no combination performed better than the AID‐P alone in differentiating parkinsonisms. Furthermore, we found that the AID‐P demonstrated the highest association with the MDS‐UPDRS (Radj2–AID‐P, 26.58%; NfL,15.12%; MRPI, 12.90%).ConclusionsCompared with MRPI and NfL, AID‐P provides the best overall differentiation of PD versus MSAp/PSP. Both AID‐P and MRPI are effective in differentiating MSAp versus PSP. Furthermore, combining biomarkers did not improve classification of disease state compared with using AID‐P alone. The findings demonstrate in the current sample that the AID‐P and MRPI are robust biomarkers for PD, MSAp, and PSP. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A New Stimulation Mode for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Theta Burst Stimulation
Authors: Horn Martin A. , Gulberti Alessandro , Gülke Eileen , Buhmann Carsten , Gerloff Christian , Moll Christian K.E. , Hamel Wolfgang , Volkmann Jens , Pötter‐Nerger Monika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of a new patterned theta burst stimulation algorithm of DBS with the aim of expanding the therapeutic window and clinical benefit in PD.MethodsIn this single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, clinical short‐term trial, unilateral conventional subthalamic DBS was compared with unilateral patterned stimulation algorithms with intraburst high‐ or low‐frequency theta burst stimulation in 17 PD patients.ResultsThere were no serious adverse events with theta burst stimulation. During monopolar review, conventional subthalamic DBS and high‐frequency theta burst stimulation were comparable, but low‐frequency theta burst stimulation differed by requiring higher stimulation amplitudes for symptom reduction, but a larger therapeutic window. High‐ and low‐frequency theta burst stimulation with adapted stimulation amplitude were effective in PD symptom reduction with differential effects on akinesia and tremor, depending on the theta burst stimulation mode.ConclusionsTheta burst stimulation is a safe and effective stimulation mode with potential future application opportunities. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society