bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Cyclohexylamine in Various Artificially Sweetened Foods and Artificial Sweeten
Authors: Howard John W , Fazio Thomas , Klimeck Barbara A , White Richard H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Procedures for the determination of cyclohexylamine in various dietetic products (carbonated beverages, dry beverage bases, canned fruits, fruit juice drinks, liquid and dry weight control formulations, and food sweetener preparations) and in sodium and calcium cyclamates have been developed. Recoveries were as follows: dietetic products 90-100% at the 0.2 ppm level, and sodium and calcium cyclamates 90-100% at the 2.0 ppm level. Cyclohexylamine was isolated from the following products at the indicated levels: carbonated beverages 0.0-6.5 ppm, dry beverage bases 0.0-480 ppm, canned fruits 0.3-0.9 ppm, fruit juice drink 0.7 ppm, liquid and dry weight control formulations 0.0-2.8 ppm, liquid and dry base food sweetener preparations 1.4-95 ppm, and cyclamates 3.8-54 ppm. The presence of cyclohexylamine was confirmed by either infrared spectrophotometry or mass spectrometry.
Rubidium Sulfate Flame Detector: Effect of Design of Alkali Source and Anode on Sensitivity and Stability
Authors: DeLoach Hiroko K , Hemphill D D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An improved alkali-flame detector using pure rubidium sulfate and an anode of new design were optimized for the quantitative determination of organophosphate pesticides. The performance of this detection system was evaluated for response to organophosphate standards, noise level, fluctuation of baseline, short- and long-term reproducibility at low pesticides levels, conditioning time of instrument, life and physical stability of alkali source, and required frequency of detector cleaning. Under optimum conditions the detector was sensitive to 1 pg pesticide standard. To define the parameters of the alkali flame detector, studies were made of different designs of the alkali source which influence flame configuration and the relationship of the position and shape of the anode to the flame. The most important parameter appears to be the method of introducing alkali vapor.
Determination of Total Phosphate and Identification of Acid-Insolubles in Superphosphoric Acid
Authors: Carel A B , Jordan D E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Discrepancies in the analysis of superphosphoric acid for iron, aluminum, and phosphorus are found to be directly related to the digestion procedure used for sample preparation. Various acid digestions and combined acid-base digestion data are discussed. Chemical and atomic absorption data are combined to confirm the structure of the acid-insoluble material identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Recommended digestion procedures are included for the quantitative analysis of superphosphoric acid for iron, aluminum, and phosphorus.
Automated High Precision Determination of Phosphorus at Concentrations of 0.01 to 7.5 mg P2O5/ml
Authors: Jordan Donald E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An automatic P2O5 method of wide concentration range which analyzes phosphate from 0.01 to 7.5 mg P2O5/ml without range expansion and with in situ dilution is described. Parameters involving elimination of sample-wash crossmixing and modification of known published technology are described. Precision at 40 samples/hr throughout the concentration range from 0.1 to 75% P2O5 is better than +0.3% relative and accuracy is better than +0.4% relative.
Chemical Composition of Fresh Elderberries
Authors: Taylor James R , Fernandez-Flores E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fresh elderberries were analyzed for amino acids by formol titration, insoluble solids, soluble solids, ash, K2O, P2O5, invert sugar, l-malic acid, total polyphenolics, protein, and titratable acidity calculated as citric acid. Authentic data are tabulated.
Moisture in Honey: Review of Chemical and Physical Methods
Authors: White Jonathan W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A critical review is presented of the determination of moisture in honey by chemical (Karl Fischer) and several physical methods, including evaporation, distillation, refractometry, density, and viscosity. Methods are compared for precision and accuracy, and interrelationships are discussed. Wedmore’s interpretation of Chataway’s specific gravity results is shown to be based on a misconception.
Review of Methods for Mercury in Pesticide Formulations
Authors: Launer James E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Outlines are given for mercury methods that have been accepted by CIPAC. One method separates mercury from other pesticides by dissolving the pesticide in hot glacial acetic acid and amalgamating the mercury on zinc. Another method dissolves mercury in hydrochloric acid and separates it from other pesticides by hydrogen sulfide precipitation or by amalgamation on zinc. Other oxidation procedures are given for decomposition of mercury compounds. Further study is recommended for the method in which mercury is released with fuming sulfuric-nitric acids and determined with thiocyanate titration.
Rapid Method for the Extraction, Cleanup, and GLC Determination of Toxic Residues of Temik
Authors: Maitlen Jay C , Mcdonough Leslie M , Beroza Morton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The gas chromatographic method previously reported for determining the toxic residues of Temik was modified. The combined toxic residues are extracted from the crop with dichloromethane, the extract is evaporated onto a n adsorbent mixture, and the residue is extracted with acetonitrile, oxidized by hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid, chromatographed through Florisil, and analyzed by gas chromatography. The time needed to analyze samples in batches of 10 was reduced to 1.8 hr/sample, or less than half the time required for the original procedure. The sensitivity of the method applied to apples, potatoes, cucumbers, alfalfa, and cottonseed ranged from 0.007 to 0.010 ppm, and recoveries from samples fortified with 0.02 to 1.50 ppm pesticide ranged from 72 to 114%.
Proposed Test Method for Antimicrobial Laundry Additives
Authors: Petrocci A N , Clarke Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A laboratory model is proposed for testing chemicals to determine both efficacy as laundry disinfectants or sanitizers and residual bacteriostatic effects on finished fabrics. The model is flexible enough to accommodate many of the variables encountered in different laundry processes. Data developed in collaborative studies are presented. Further collaborative investigations are recommended.
Polarographic Determination of Thimerosal Tincture and Solution NF
Authors: Beyer Ernest B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a revised procedure for the polarographic determination of thimerosal tincture and solution, a smaller diameter column containing less resin eliminated the problem of channeling and incomplete elution of thimerosal. The anion exchange resin provides sufficient cleanup so that direct comparison of sample and standard diffusion currents is possible instead of the standard addition technique originally specified. Recoveries for Thimerosal Tincture and Solution NF were 101 and 100%, respectively. The method is recommended for collaborative study.
Cholinesterase Inhibition Autoanalysis of Insecticidal Organophosphates and Carbamates
Authors: Voss Günther 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An automated cholinesterase inhibition method gave satisfactory results during the development of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. Up to 40 samples/hr were analyzed with a precision equal to that of purely chemical methods performed manually. The lower limit of detectability of the method depends primarily on the inhibition potency of the particular compound under investigation and upon whether the system is operated in a pre-inhibition (most sensitive) or simultaneous inhibition (least sensitive) mode. Monocrotophos, for example, was analyzed in the concentration ranges of 0.1–2.0, 1–20, 10–200, and 100–2000 ppm; the last two concentration ranges were analyzed in the simultaneous inhibition mode. Sensitivities better than those achieved with human plasma cholinesterase, i.e., 0.1 ppm for monocrotophos, were obtained by using a more sensiive type of cholinesterase, such as peacock plasma cholinesterase. Examples of experinents, such as determinations of the stability if formulations, rates of hydrolysis, parti timing behavior of insecticides, solubilities in water, and the determination of a cholineserase-inhibiting impurity in a technical samde of phosphamidon, are also described and locumented by original AutoAnalyzer reordings.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Phenolic Amines
Authors: Coffin D E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenolic amines tyramine, octopamine, synephrine, β-methoxyoctopamine, and β-methoxysynephrine are isolated on a cation exchange resin and quantitatively determined by GLC of their trifluoroacetyl derivatives. Recoveries of 80–85% for tyramine and 90–100% for the four other phenolic amines were obtained for standards and for standards added to orange or apple juices. Phenolic amines were not detected in commercial apple juices. Synephrine was found in all commercial orange juice samples at levels of 12.5 to 23.4 mg/L juice. Another component, apparently a phenolic amine, was found in all orange juices examined.
Cyclodiene Chemistry. I. Derivative Formation for the Identification of Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis-Chlordane, frans-Chlordane, and Aldrin Pesticide Residues by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Chatj Alfred S Y , Cochrane W P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Specific chemical methods for the GLC identification of several organochlorine pesticides are described. The simultaneous dehydrochlor ination of cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane, isomerization of heptachlor epoxide, and hydroxy derivatization of heptachlor was achieved by refluxing with potassium tert.-butoxide/tert.-butanol. This procedure, together with subsequent silylation for the identification of the hydroxy derivatives, constitutes a suitable method for the routine confirmation of the parent pesticides down to levels of 0.01 ppm, when present in 10 g sample extracts. In another investigation, heptachlor and aldrin were selectively converted to their correspondi ng chloroacetate derivatives. By this procedure, levels down to 0.02 ppm heptachlor and 0 04 p pm aldrin in a 10 g sample extract can be identified. The selective conversion of aldrin to dieldrin by monoperphthalic acid is also reported.
Chemical Alterations in Fish Tissue During Storage at Low Temperatures
Authors: Wood Garnett , Hintz Lane , Salwin Harold 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chemical changes that occur in the proteins, nucleotides, and lipids of fish tissue during storage at low temperatures were investigated. Homogenized tissue, prepared from fresh rock-fish (striped hass, Roccus species), was stored up to six days at temperatures from -10° to 4°C and then analyzed. At 0°C and below, the solubility of myofibrillar proteins decreased. There were also changes in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of protein extracts. The total nucleotide content decreased rapidly at all temperatures. The lipids were extracted from each sample and separated into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and free fatty acids by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography. In the fresh tissue, polyunsaturated acids occurred in greatest proportion in the free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions, whereas inono-unsaturated acids were inofe highly concentrated in the neutral lipids. The percentages of saturated acids were approximately the same in all fractions. During storage, there were considerably larger losses of individual acids from phospholipids than from neutral lipids. The polyunsaturated acids of the phospholipid fraction were affected most. Over 10% of these aeids were lost in six days at ice temperature, but only a small proportion of the losses was accounted for by increases in free fatty acids. Oxidative proo esses may account for the imbalance because the rate of oxidation, as measured by the thio-barbituric acid test, increased with storage temperature in the same manner as the rale at which unsaturated fatty acids were lost from the pliospliolipuls. Losses of polyunsaturated acids from the neutral lipids were much smaller, suggesting a selectively protective mechanism or environment in that fraction. The changes in the phospholipid fatty acids may provide the basis for useful objective tests of fish lecomposilion.
Colorimetric Determination of Hydrocortisone in Milk
Authors: Trucksess Mary W , Donoso Julian , Craig Gerald 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hydrocortisone is extracted from milk with chloroform, and the extract is cleaned up on an activated Florisil column. The hydrocortisone is determined colorimetrically by reaction with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. The method is sensitive to concentrations of 0.005 μg/ml, and milk volumes of 300 ml are easily processed. Recoveries of standards are about 70%, with good reproducibility.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Water-Soluble Boron in Fertilizers
Authors: Melton James R , Hoover William L , Howard Peggy A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Water-soluble boron is extracted into a mixlure of 2-ethyl-l,3-hexanediol and methyl isobutyl ketone for determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The extraction procedure brings the fertilizer sample, water, and extraction solvent in contact simultaneously. The organic layer which contains the extracted boron is aspirated into the flame. There are no significant interferences from elements commonly found in fertilizers. The proposed method is fast and accurate for determining water-soluble boron in fertilizers.
Enzymatic Determination of Starch in Feeds, Feed Ingredients, and Feces
Authors: Turner W W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Starch is determined in various materials such as feeds, grains, cereals, grasses, and feces by the combination of some existing techniques plus new methodology. Samples are extracted with aqueous alcohol and hydrolyzed with HCl; the resulting glucose is measured with a glucose oxidase enzyme system. The actual handling operations, including troublesome nitrations and constant temperature baths, are minimized or eliminated.
Quantitation of Food Adulterants by Multiple Radial Immunodiffusion. II. Wheat in Bread Sold as “Wheat-free” for the Use of Allergy Patients
Authors: Lietze Arthur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multiple radial immunodiffusion was used to measure wheat antigens in so-called wheatfree bread manufactured for the use of patients allergic to wheat. One brand of this bread was found to have no detectable wheat antigens. Another brand contained three wheat antigens in 94.5, 52, and 74%, respectively, of the amounts which would have been present if the bread had been made of wheat flour. The data suggest that this bread was adulterated with wheat gluten rather than wheat flour.
Collaborative Study of a Method for Determination of Monosodium Glutamate in Food Products
Authors: Fernandez-Flores E , Johnson Arthur R , Blomquist Victor H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method was collaboratively studied for the determination of monosodium glutamate as glutamic acid in food products. Six samples were submitted to each of nine collaborators. The quantity of monosodium glutamate in the samples ranged from 0.3 to 10%. The average recovery was 101.9% with a standard deviation of 3.6%. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Liaison Report on Malt Beverages and Brewing Materials
Authors: Stone Irwin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two new A SBC methods for beer analysis are presented to the AOAC for adoption: “Alcohol by Kefractometer” and “Beer Bitterness.” The first is a rapid alternative procedure to the present distillation technique. The latter replaces, in part, the isohumulones methods now used. The new edition of Official Methods of Analysis will also contain the “Total Haze After Chilling” method which partly replaces turbidity 10.010–10.015. The ASBC now has 12 technical subcommittees working on a comprehensive program for the development and testing of new analytical methods of interest to the brewing industry. Two additional subcommittees will probably be authorized to investigate the determination of traces of heptyl-p-hydroxybenzoate and tannins in beer, both of which are of interest to the AOAC.
Uptake of Chlordane Vapors by Foodstuffs of Low Moisture Content
Authors: Yeo Chee Yee , Bevenue Arthur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wheat flour, polished rice, and cane sugar were exposed to chlordane vapors for an extended period of time, up to and including 90 days. Flour and rice, in bulk form, adsorbed about three times as much chlordane compared to the amount adsorbed by the sugar. Packaging the foodstuffs in polyethylene containers noticeably decreased the uptake of chlordane by the commodities. Flour packaged in Kraft paper bags contained six times the amounts of chlordane residues compared to the amounts found in flour packaged in polyethylene bags, but only one-third the amount found in the bulk samples for the same period of storage time.
Gas Chromatographic Column for Pesticide Analysis
Authors: Windham E S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new mixed column is proposed for GLC of pesticides, consisting of 8% QF-1 and 2% OV-17 on 80–100 mesh Gas Ohrom Q. Operating parameters are compatible with the 10% DC-200 column, but most pesticides elute sooner. Complete baseline separation is achieved with p,p’-DDE, dieldrin, o,p’-DDT, and p,p’-DDD. A table of relative retention times of 42 pesticides is presented.
All-Purpose Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Column for Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Alber Larry L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A 6’ column containing 3% OV-17 on Gas Chrom Q was evaluated as a universal GLC column for pharmaceuticals. With isothermal column temperatures ranging from 50 to 300°C, the following have been chromatographed: alcohols, anesthetics, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antiseptics, barbiturates, sterols, steriods, sulfonamides, sympathomimetics, and xanthine alkaloids.
(Dis)integration in Global Resource Governance: Extractivism, Human Rights, and Investment Treaties
Authors: Cotula Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As global material consumption rests on the large-scale production of commodities for food, energy, and raw materials, the governance of natural resources—from national legislation to international trade, investment, and human rights law—has long provided policy arenas for deepening economic integration. Concerns about ‘resource nationalism’ and critiques of investor–state dispute settlement have raised questions as to whether the world might be entering a phase of economic dis-integration. To problematize linear accounts of (dis)integration, this article explores the legal arrangements that integrate resource-dependent countries into the global economy. It argues that natural resource extraction is facilitated by a legal regime that sustains dis-integration patterns in global resource governance—including relations between state-based and traditional governance systems; between extractive enclaves and national territories; and between different spheres of international regulation. Some of the recent contestation, then, reflects efforts to (re)integrate dis-integrated legal and social realities, by more fully recognizing local systems of practice and belief and more effectively considering human rights in investment processes.
Preclinical and clinical investigation of intratumoral chemotherapy pharmacokinetics in DIPG using gemcitabine
Authors: Green Adam L , Flannery Patrick , Hankinson Todd C , O’Neill Brent , Amani Vladimir , DeSisto John , Knox Aaron , Chatwin Hannah , Lemma Rakeb , Hoffman Lindsey M , Mulcahy Levy Jean , Raybin Jennifer , Hemenway Molly , Gilani Ahmed , Koschmann Carl , Dahl Nathan , Handler Michael , Pierce Angela , Venkataraman Sujatha , Foreman Nicholas , Vibhakar Rajeev , Wempe Michael F , Dorris Kathleen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHundreds of systemic chemotherapy trials in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have not improved survival, potentially due to lack of intratumoral penetration, which has not previously been assessed in humans.MethodsWe used gemcitabine as a model agent to assess DIPG intratumoral pharmacokinetics (PK) using mass spectrometry.ResultsIn a phase 0 clinical trial of i.v. gemcitabine prior to biopsy in children newly diagnosed with DIPG by MRI, mean concentration in 4 biopsy cores in patient 1 (H3K27M diffuse midline glioma) was 7.65 µM. These compare favorably to levels for patient 2 (mean 3.85 µM, found to have an H3K27-wildtype low-grade glioma on histology), and from a similar study in adult glioblastoma (adjusted mean 3.48 µM). In orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of DIPG and H3K27M-wildtype pediatric glioblastoma, gemcitabine levels and clearance were similar in tumor, pons, and cortex and did not depend on H3K27 mutation status or tumor location. Normalized gemcitabine levels were similar in patient 1 and the DIPG PDX.ConclusionsThese findings, while limited to one agent, provide preliminary evidence for the hypotheses that lack of intratumoral penetration is not why systemic chemotherapy has failed in DIPG, and orthotopic PDX models can adequately model intratumoral PK in human DIPG.
Superficial Cutaneous Zygomycosis Presenting as Resistant Intertrigo: A Case Report
Authors: McMahon Devon E , Hysell Kristen , Montgomery Mary , Frangos Jason 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Zygomycosis is an angioinvasive fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Cutaneous zygomycosis is the second most common form of the disease, typically characterized by necrotic eschars in an immunocompromised host. We report an unusual case of superficial intertrigo resistant to conventional therapies caused by Mucor circinelloides in a patient with HIV and diabetes.
Applause Invitations in Political Speeches: A Comparison of Two British Party Political Leaders (Theresa May and Jeremy Corbyn)
Authors: O’Gorman Victoria , Bull Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was focussed on 11 rhetorical devices used to invite collective applause in speeches by two opposing British party political leaders, Theresa May and Jeremy Corbyn. The analysis was based on 14 speeches (delivered at party conferences in 2016 and during the general election campaign of 2017), transcribed verbatim from video recordings. These speeches were closely matched between the two politicians in terms of speech duration, and when and where they took place. Almost all the incidents of collective audience applause (98%) occurred in response to the 11 rhetorical devices. Regardless of their opposing political views, the two party leaders used similar devices when delivering a speech. While they did not differ significantly in the mean duration of collective applause received, Corbyn was significantly higher in terms both of the frequency of his rhetorical devices and in the frequency with which he received collective applause. Given the careful matching technique employed in this study, it arguably provides us with the clearest demonstration to date of the role played by rhetorical devices in inviting collective audience applause.