bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is subjective well-being independently associated with mortality? A 14-year prospective cohort study in a representative sample of 25 139 US men and women
Authors: Barger Steven D , Broom Timothy W , Esposito Michael V , Lane Taylor S 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo examine whether the inverse association of subjective well-being with mortality is independent of self-rated health and socioeconomic status in healthy adults.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardised summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using prespecified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status.SettingProbability sample of adult US residents interviewed in their homes in 2001.Participants25 139 adults free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline.Primary outcome measureAll-cause mortality 14 years after the baseline interview as assessed by probabilistic matching using the National Death Index.ResultsAge-adjusted unhappiness was associated with mortality (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45, p=0.001) but the association attenuated after adjusting for self-rated health (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.16, p=0.85). A similar pattern was seen for the summary well-being measure in fully adjusted models (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00, p=0.30). In contrast, self-rated health was strongly associated with mortality. In the fully adjusted model with the summary well-being measure the hazards for good, very good and excellent self-rated health were 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.80, p<0.001), 0.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.71, p<0.001) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.51, p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsIn this representative sample of US adults, the association between well-being and mortality was strongly attenuated by self-rated health and to a lesser extent socioeconomic status.
Complement factors and reticular pseudodrusen in intermediate age-related macular degeneration staged by multimodal imaging
Authors: Lynch Anne M , Palestine Alan G , Wagner Brandie D , Patnaik Jennifer L , Frazier-Abel Ashley A , Mathias Marc T , Siringo Frank S , Holers Vernon Michael , Mandava Naresh 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSystemic activation of the complement system in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is understudied. Moreover, links between the presence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and systemic complement dysregulation have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in plasma complement factor levels in intermediate AMD compared with controls, and if complement levels are related to the presence of RPD.Methods and analysisLevels of complement factors C1q (µg/mL), C4 (µg/mL), C2 (µg/mL), Mannose Binding Lectin (ng/mL), C4b (µg/mL), C3 (µg/mL), factor B (µg/mL), factor D (µg/mL), properdin (µg/mL), C3a (ng/mL), iC3b/C3b (ng/mL), Ba (ng/mL), factor H (µg/mL), factor I (µg/mL), C5 (µg/mL), C5a (pg/mL) and SC5b-9 (ng/mL) were measured in plasma.Results109 cases and 65 controls were included in the study. Thirty-nine (36%) cases had RPD. Significantly lower systemic levels of: C1q (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98), factor B (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), iC3b/C3b (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98), factor H (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99), factor I (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.89) and C5 (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) were found in cases versus controls. Significantly elevated levels of: C2 (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.59), C3a (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) Ba (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) and C5a (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07) were found in cases versus controls. Systemic levels of complement factors measured were not related to the presence of RPD.ConclusionsLevels of several systemic complement pathway factors were found to be altered in intermediate AMD. Systemic levels of complement factors were not related to RPD.
Improving predictor selection for injury modelling methods in male footballers
Authors: Philp Fraser , Al-shallawi Ahmad , Kyriacou Theocharis , Blana Dimitra , Pandyan Anand 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThis objective of this study was to evaluate whether combining existing methods of elastic net for zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson regression methods could improve real-life applicability of injury prediction models in football.MethodsPredictor selection and model development was conducted on a pre-existing dataset of 24 male participants from a single English football team’s 2015/2016 season.ResultsThe elastic net for zero-inflated Poisson penalty method was successful in shrinking the total number of predictors in the presence of high levels of multicollinearity. It was additionally identified that easily measurable data, that is, mass and body fat content, training type, duration and surface, fitness levels, normalised period of ‘no-play’ and time in competition could contribute to the probability of acquiring a time-loss injury. Furthermore, prolonged series of match-play and increased in-season injury reduced the probability of not sustaining an injury.ConclusionFor predictor selection, the elastic net for zero-inflated Poisson penalised method in combination with the use of ZIP regression modelling for predicting time-loss injuries have been identified appropriate methods for improving real-life applicability of injury prediction models. These methods are more appropriate for datasets subject to multicollinearity, smaller sample sizes and zero-inflation known to affect the performance of traditional statistical methods. Further validation work is now required.
The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: James Spencer L , Lucchesi Lydia R , Bisignano Catherine , Castle Chris D , Dingels Zachary V , Fox Jack T , Hamilton Erin B , Henry Nathaniel J , Krohn Kris J , Liu Zichen , McCracken Darrah , Nixon Molly R , Roberts Nicholas L S , Sylte Dillon O , Adsuar Jose C , Arora Amit , Briggs Andrew M , Collado-Mateo Daniel , Cooper Cyrus , Dandona Lalit , Dandona Rakhi , Ellingsen Christian Lycke , Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Gill Tiffany K , Haagsma Juanita A , Hendrie Delia , Jürisson Mikk , Kumar G Anil , Lopez Alan D , Miazgowski Tomasz , Miller Ted R , Mini GK , Mirrakhimov Erkin M , Mohamadi Efat , Olivares Pedro R , Rahim Fakher , Riera Lidia Sanchez , Villafaina Santos , Yano Yuichiro , Hay Simon I , Lim Stephen S , Mokdad Ali H , Naghavi Mohsen , Murray Christopher J L 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundFalls can lead to severe health loss including death. Past research has shown that falls are an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) provides a comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality from falls.MethodsEstimates for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were produced for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017 for all ages using the GBD 2017 framework. Distributions of the bodily injury (eg, hip fracture) were estimated using hospital records.ResultsGlobally, the age-standardised incidence of falls was 2238 (1990–2532) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 3.7% (7.4 to 0.3) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised prevalence was 5186 (4622–5849) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 6.5% (7.6 to 5.4) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised mortality rate was 9.2 (8.5–9.8) per 100 000 which equated to 695 771 (644 927–741 720) deaths in 2017. Globally, falls resulted in 16 688 088 (15 101 897–17 636 830) YLLs, 19 252 699 (13 725 429–26 140 433) YLDs and 35 940 787 (30 185 695–42 903 289) DALYs across all ages. The most common injury sustained by fall victims is fracture of patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle. Globally, age-specific YLD rates increased with age.ConclusionsThis study shows that the burden of falls is substantial. Investing in further research, fall prevention strategies and access to care is critical.
Grating-based phase-contrast CT (PCCT): histopathological correlation of human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma specimen
Authors: Kimm Melanie A , Willner Marian , Drecoll Enken , Herzen Julia , Noël Peter B , Rummeny Ernst J , Pfeiffer Franz , Fingerle Alexander A 
Published: January 2020

AimsTo correlate signal intensities in grating-based phase-contrast CT (PCCT) images obtained at a synchrotron light source and a conventional X-ray source with tissue components in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimen.MethodsStudy approval was obtained by the institutional review board. Human specimen of liver cirrhosis and HCC were imaged at experimental grating-based PCCT setups using either a synchrotron radiation source or a conventional X-ray tube. Tissue samples were sectioned and processed for H&E and Elastica van Gieson staining. PCCT and histological images were manually correlated. Depending on morphology and staining characteristics tissue components like fibrosis, HCC, inflammation, connective tissue and necrosis were differentiated and visually correlated with signal intensity in PCCT images using a 5-point Likert scale with normal liver parenchyma as a reference.ResultsGrating-based PCCT images of human cirrhotic liver and HCC specimen showed high soft-tissue contrast allowing correlation with histopathological sections. Signal intensities were similar in both setups independent of the nature of the radiation source. Connective tissue and areas of haemorrhage displayed the highest signal intensities, fibrotic liver tissue the lowest.ConclusionsGrating-based PCCT provides comparable results for the characterisation of human specimen of liver cirrhosis and HCC using either a synchrotron light source or a conventional X-ray tube. Due to its high soft-tissue contrast and its applicability to conventional X-ray tubes grating-based PCCT holds potential for preclinical research and virtual histology applications.
Influence of meteorological conditions on physical activity in adolescents
Authors: Beghin Laurent , Vanhelst Jérémy , Drumez Elodie , Migueles Jairo , Manios Yannis , Moreno Luis A , De Henauw Stefaan , Gottrand Frederic 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIt has been shown that meteorological conditions and season affect physical activity (PA) during adolescence. Today, meteorological conditions have never been combined to study their influence on PA level in a single sample of a large adolescent multicountries population. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of meteorological conditions on PA in adolescents from several European countries.MethodsThe study included 2024 healthy adolescents aged 12.5–17.4 years who participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional study. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to measure total PA and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a one-off measurement manner. Comparison of PA according to meteorological conditions was done using linear mixed models.ResultsThe highest difference of MVPA was observed in boys on free days when comparing the best meteorological conditions versus the worse (ie, +39% with highest temperature, +29% without rainfall, +39% with highest sunlight duration and +21% with highest length of day) and in girls on free days (ie, +26% with highest sunlight duration). This increase in MVPA contributed to a simultaneous increase in total PA when considering the same meteorological condition parameters.ConclusionsMeteorological conditions act as a determinant of PA differentially between boys and girls. PA and MVPA in boys are mainly modified by meteorological conditions on free days whereas PA and MVPA in girls are modified by sunlight duration.
The great decline in adolescent cigarette smoking since 2000: consequences for drug use among US adolescents
Authors: Miech Richard , Keyes Katherine M , O'Malley Patrick M , Johnston Lloyd D 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveAdolescent cigarette smoking declined steadily and substantially from 2000 to 2018. This paper considers the potential consequences of this ‘great decline’ for the prevalence of other drug use among adolescents.MethodsData are annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative Monitoring the Future surveys of more than 1.2 million US students in 12th, 10th and 8th grades from 2000 to 2018. Analyses include trends in the past 12 months’ non-medical amphetamine, tranquillisers and opioid use overall, among ever and never cigarette smokers, and projected if adolescent cigarette smoking levels had remained at 2000 levels.ResultsWithin groups of ever and never cigarette smokers, the prevalence for each of the three substances has either changed little or overall increased in 2018 as compared with 2000. When the two groups were combined into one pool, the overall prevalence for each of the drugs declined by about half. The decline resulted from the growing group of never smokers, whose levels of non-medical drug use over the study period were at least four times lower than the levels of ever smokers.ConclusionsThe results support the ‘gateway’ prediction that declines in cigarette smoking among adolescents pull downward their non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers and opioids. Continuing to reduce adolescent smoking through policy and programmatic prevention efforts should have further positive spillover effects on adolescent drug use.
LGBT young adults’ awareness of and receptivity to the This Free Life tobacco public education campaign
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Crankshaw Eric , Farrelly Matthew C , Alam Ishrat , Fiacco Leah , Curry Laurel , Hoffman Leah , Ganz Ollie , Delahanty Janine 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study measures awareness of and receptivity to the Food and Drug Administration’s This Free Life campaign seeking to change tobacco-related attitudes and beliefs among lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender (LGBT) young adults.MethodsParticipants were young adults who self-identify as LGBT. The evaluation uses a treatment-control design. This study includes data from four survey rounds with participants from each round invited to participate in subsequent rounds and new participants invited to account for attrition. Bivariate analyses assess treatment-control differences in campaign awareness by round. We used multivariable logistic regression models with a time×treatment interaction and covariates to assess whether increases in awareness were greater in treatment than control from follow-ups 1 to 4. Descriptive statistics describe perceived effectiveness and models explore covariates of perceived effectiveness.ResultsAt each round, an increasing number of participants in treatment were brand aware (25%–67%) and reported high (16%–34%) and medium (16%–25%) video awareness compared with control (all p<0.001). Regressions revealed interactions in brand and video awareness, wherein the effect of treatment on awareness increased more over time, with significant treatment-control differences in change from follow-up 1 to 4 (all p<0.05). Reactions to all but one ad were positive (one neutral) with mean perceived effectiveness scores from 3.21 to 3.92 (‘neither disagree nor agree’ to ‘agree’ on 5-point scale). Perceived effectiveness differed by LGBT identity (all p<0.05).ConclusionsAt follow-up 4, This Free Life reached most of the campaign audience in treatment markets and has achieved higher awareness in treatment than control markets, at individual survey rounds and over time.
Sensing microwave photons with a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Kálmán Orsolya , Domokos Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider the interaction of a magnetically trapped Bose–Einstein condensate of Rubidium atoms with the stationary microwave radiation field sustained by a coplanar waveguide resonator. This coupling allows for the measurement of the magnetic field of the resonator by means of counting the atoms that fall out of the condensate due to hyperfine transitions to non-trapped states. We determine the quantum efficiency of this detection scheme and show that weak microwave fields at the single-photon level can be sensed.
The effect of data exchange policy on traffic flow between interconnected networks
Authors: Lazfi S. , Ben Haddou N. , Rachadi A. , Ez-Zahraouy H. 
Published: January 2020

In order to understand and achieve an optimal functioning in real traffic systems, the problem of congestion in complex networks takes an important place in many recent researches. In this paper, we study the effect of different types of interconnections between two scale free networks on the traffic flow. Two interconnection strategies are used: in the first, we create links between nodes chosen at random from the two subnets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and, while in the second one, we link nodes selected among the hubs of the subnets. The resulting network [Formula: see text] is under a new routing strategy inspired from the minimal traffic model introduced in [D. De Martino, Phys. Rev. E 79, 015101 (2009); S. Lamzabi, S. Lazfi, H. Ez-Zahraouy, A. Benyoussef, A. Rachadi and S. Ziti, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 25, 1450019 (2014)]. We find that in case of this routing method, the interconnection pattern has no effect on the results. Further, to control the exchange of packets between the subnets, we propose two adjusting parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The study of the variation of these parameters shows that the optimal network capacity is obtained when the two subnets are allowed to exchange data more openly.
A psychosocial perspective on community resilience and preparedness in the context of earthquakes in Turkey
Authors: Doğulu Canay , Ikizer Gözde , Karanci A. Nuray 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Disaster risk management efforts worldwide are increasingly targeted at building the resilience capacities of individuals and communities for strengthening their resistance, absorption, accommodation, adaptation, transformation and recovery skills in the face of disasters. In addition, as a key element of resilience, preparedness is essential for empowering individuals and communities. Such prioritization of resilience and preparedness has been stressed by international disaster-related policies and actions. Research has also focused on understanding the dynamics of community resilience and preparedness in the context of disasters. In particular, research has revealed that addressing community resilience and preparedness from a psychosocial perspective greatly contributes to a more holistic understanding of the topic. In the present chapter, qualitative findings from two different case studies conducted in Turkey are elaborated with a psychosocial focus on community resilience for the 2011 Van earthquakes and preparedness for the 1999 Kaynaşlı, Düzce earthquakes. Drawing on two different earthquake case studies from different geographical regions of Turkey, the adoption of a local and evidence-based approach is necessary for disaster work. This would enable disaster risk management efforts and policies to be participatory and sustainable with respect to psychosocial aspects along with technical and geographical aspects.
Geological features of landslides caused by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Japan
Authors: Ito Yoshihiko , Yamazaki Shusaku , Kurahashi Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Before dawn on 6 September 2018, a powerful earthquake with a Japan Meteorological Agency magnitude (
M
j
) of 6.7 hit central Hokkaido, causing more than 6000 landslides. As human damage, 36 of the 44 fatalities from the earthquake were from earthslides in Atsuma Town. Most slope movements were shallow earthslides of mantle-bedded tephra and soil layers, but some were deep rockslides involving basement rocks such as shale and mudstone of Miocene. Although the shallow earthslides were easily distinguishable in photos from satellites or airplane, the rockslides were more difficult to identify owing to their vegetation. Based on the quick interpretation of a high-resolution (0.5 m horizontal resolution) shaded relief map made from digital elevation model data by airborne laser survey and supplemental field surveys, we effectively identified 259 rockslides (196 certain ones and 63 possible ones) in Atsuma and Mukawa towns under newly invented identification criteria based on the scarp depth and positional relation between scarp and ridge topography. It was revealed that most rockslides were distributed within 10 km from the epicentre, while earthslides were distributed until 20 km north of the epicentre, and they seemed to be controlled by the thickness of mantle-bedded tephra and the soil layer. We also identified many traces of past rockslides and earthslides. The results show the possibilities for effective measurement of slope by clarifying the landslide distribution both this earthquake and past ones using high-resolution digital elevation model data.
Frequency-dependent integration of auditory and vestibular cues for self-motion perception
Authors: Shayman Corey S. , Peterka Robert J. , Gallun Frederick J. , Oh Yonghee , Chang Nai-Yuan N. , Hullar Timothy E. 
Published: January 2020

Recent evidence has shown that auditory information may be used to improve postural stability, spatial orientation, navigation, and gait, suggesting an auditory component of self-motion perception. To determine how auditory and other sensory cues integrate for self-motion perception, we measured motion perception during yaw rotations of the body and the auditory environment. Psychophysical thresholds in humans were measured over a range of frequencies (0.1–1.0 Hz) during self-rotation without spatial auditory stimuli, rotation of a sound source around a stationary listener, and self-rotation in the presence of an earth-fixed sound source. Unisensory perceptual thresholds and the combined multisensory thresholds were found to be frequency dependent. Auditory thresholds were better at lower frequencies, and vestibular thresholds were better at higher frequencies. Expressed in terms of peak angular velocity, multisensory vestibular and auditory thresholds ranged from 0.39°/s at 0.1 Hz to 0.95°/s at 1.0 Hz and were significantly better over low frequencies than either the auditory-only (0.54°/s to 2.42°/s at 0.1 and 1.0 Hz, respectively) or vestibular-only (2.00°/s to 0.75°/s at 0.1 and 1.0 Hz, respectively) unisensory conditions. Monaurally presented auditory cues were less effective than binaural cues in lowering multisensory thresholds. Frequency-independent thresholds were derived, assuming that vestibular thresholds depended on a weighted combination of velocity and acceleration cues, whereas auditory thresholds depended on displacement and velocity cues. These results elucidate fundamental mechanisms for the contribution of audition to balance and help explain previous findings, indicating its significance in tasks requiring self-orientation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Auditory information can be integrated with visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular signals to improve balance, orientation, and gait, but this process is poorly understood. Here, we show that auditory cues significantly improve sensitivity to self-motion perception below 0.5 Hz, whereas vestibular cues contribute more at higher frequencies. Motion thresholds are determined by a weighted combination of displacement, velocity, and acceleration information. These findings may help understand and treat imbalance, particularly in people with sensory deficits.