bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of Hydrocephalus in a US Military Recruit
Authors: Clerc Jacqueline , Harp Garrett M , Cathey Michael , Bauer Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a case of chronic non-communicating hydrocephalus (NCH) in a US military recruit. Non-communicating hydrocephalus is a pathologic obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulting in enlargement of the ventricles and elevated intracranial pressure. The patient is an 18-year-old male recruit who was evaluated in the Naval Medical Center emergency room for left hip pain and incidentally was found to have profound ventriculomegaly on head imaging. The diagnosis and evaluation of hydrocephalus is greatly dependent on clinical history and supported by radiographic imaging. Based on these factors, one can determine if the hydrocephalus is either acute or chronic and communicating or non-communicating.
Percutaneous Computed Tomography-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Spinal Trigeminal Tract and Nucleus Caudalis for Refractory Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Larkin M Benjamin , North Robert Y , Viswanathan Ashwin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This is a surgical video of a computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus caudalis for refractory trigeminal neuropathic pain.
1,2

Many have contributed historically, among them, Sjoqvist
3
in 1938 first described destruction of the descending medullary trigeminal tractus via open craniotomy.
3-6
In 1967 and 1968, Crue
7
and Hitchcock
8
independently developed a percutaneous tractotomy technique. Although Kanpolat
9,10
first described the use of CT imaging for percutaneous creation of a single tractotomy/nucleotomy lesion resulting in satisfactory pain relief for 85% of patients.
The spinal trigeminal tract is a descending fiber pathway containing central processes of first-order afferent neurons from cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X. The spinal trigeminal nucleus is the terminal projection of the spinal trigeminal tract comprised of 3 subnuclei: oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis. The nucleus caudalis is the most caudal of the 3 subdivisions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and houses the cell bodies of second-order afferent neurons critical in nociception of the face. Lesioning of the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus caudalis can provide pain relief without affecting facial sensation or trigeminal motor function.
9,11-13
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is performed using anatomical landmarks, serial CT scans, impedance monitoring, and functional confirmation to ensure appropriate insertion of the probe to the target of interest prior to lesioning.
This procedure remains uncommon in current practices even among functional neurosurgery pain specialists but offers a low-risk, minimally invasive treatment option for refractory facial pain.
14

This procedure was done under Institutional Review Board guidance (H-41228: retrospective chart review of patients undergoing spine surgery for pain). The risks and benefits were explained, and the patient consented to videography/procedure.
Images in the video used with permission from the following: Carter HV. Anatomy of the Human Body. Wikimedia Commons [Public Domain]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray698.png. Published 1918. Accessed June 30, 2019; Carter HV. Anatomy of the Human Body. Wikimedia Commons [Public Domain]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray784.png. Published 1918. Accessed June 30, 2019; Reprinted from Kanpolat Y, Kahilogullari G, Ugur HC, Elhan AH, CT-guided percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy-nucleotomy, Neurosurgery, 2008, 63(1 Suppl 1), ONS147-53; discussion ONS153-5, by permission of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Madhero88. Onion Distribution of Pain and Temperature Sense by Trigeminal Nerve. Wikimedia Commons [Creative Commons BY 3.0 license]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onionskinddistribution.svg#/media/File:Onionskinddistribution.svg. Accessed June 30, 2019.
The Art of Mercato: Buying City-States in Renaissance Tuscany
Authors: Martoccio Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Italian communes from 1300–1600 bought and sold numerous towns and castles from Crete (enfeoffed to Venice in 1205) to Arezzo (offered to Florence in 1384) to Tabarka (given as mortgage to a Genoese family in 1540). Despite the popularity of this custom, however, existing scholarship claims Renaissance cities expanded territorially through violent conquests that centralized government finances and promoted militant imperialist discourses. Drawing on case studies of the Florentine purchase of two cities — Lucca (1342) and Pisa (1405) — this article reveals how the buyers of Renaissance cities instead drew upon a vast, little-studied network of private creditors to pay for new lands. The vendibility of space, moreover, helped foster a commercialized ideology of empire. Diarists heralded their city’s superior commerce. Civic leaders tied the good of their communes to keeping its honour and faith with city-sellers. And polemicists stained opponents with accusations of fraud while demoting cities such as Pisa and Lucca to mere merchandise. Buying cities thus allowed Renaissance merchant elites to demonstrate not only their city’s superior material wealth, but also mercantile prowess — their ability to bargain for a good deal (buon mercato).
Four solutions of a two-cylinder electrostatic problem, and identities resulting from their equivalence
Authors: Lekner John 
Published: July 2020

SummaryFour distinct solutions exist for the potential distribution around two equal circular parallel conducting cylinders, charged to the same potential. Their equivalence is demonstrated, and the resulting analytical identities are discussed. The identities relate the Jacobi elliptic function $sn$, the Jacobi theta functions $\theta _1 ,~\theta _2 $ and infinite series over trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
ESTIMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE LEVELS IN A MINING AREA BASED ON 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS: A CASE STUDY FOR BEYLIKOVA-SIVRIHISAR COMPLEX ORE SITE IN TURKEY
Authors: Yücel Haluk , Övüç Süleyman , Akkaya Gizem , Çakmak Şadiye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study estimated the radiological exposure levels in a mining area for miners in the Beylikova-Sivrihisar (Turkey) complex ore site containing 238U, 226Ra and 232Th. Sixty samples were collected from the study area based on a geologic map. The radionuclide activities were measured using a 78.5% efficient n-type HPGe detector. The measured mean activities were 1871 ± 38 Bq kg−1 for 238U, 1749 ± 5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 3467 ± 9 Bq kg−1 for 232Th and 309 ± 2 Bq kg−1 for 40K. From the measured results, the external effective dose was calculated to be max. 3.80 ± 0.03 mSv y−1 (mean: 2.04 ± 0.03 mSv y−1) for inside gallery and max. 7.59 ± 0.05 mSv y−1 (mean: 4.08 ± 0.05 mSv y−1) for outdoor. Additionally, the external exposure index was calculated to be Hex = 33.5 ± 0.2(mean: 18.2 ± 0.3) and internal exposure index to be Hin = 45.9 ± 0.3 (mean: 22.9 ± 0.4). The results indicate that additional radiation protection measures should be taken during the mining process if an opencast mining is implemented in Beylikova complex ore deposit.
Methods and implementation of a pediatric asthma pharmacogenomic study in the emergency department setting
Authors: Fishe Jennifer N. , Higley Rebecca K. , Casey Deirdre , Hogans Lamont , Wylie Todd W. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Henson Morgan , Bertrand Andrew , Blake Kathryn V. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
The emergency department (ED) is a challenging setting to conduct pharmacogenomic studies and integrate that data into fast-paced and potentially life-saving treatment decisions. Therefore, our objective is to present the methods and feasibility of a pilot pharmacogenomic study set in the ED that measured pediatric bronchodilator response (BDR) during acute asthma exacerbations.

Methods
This is an exploratory pilot study that collected buccal swabs for DNA and measured BDR during ED encounters for pediatric asthma exacerbations. We evaluated the study’s feasibility with a qualitative analysis of ED provider surveys and quantitatively by the proportion of eligible patients enrolled.

Results
We enrolled 59 out of 90 patients (65%) that were identified and considered eligible during a 5-month period (target enrollment 60 patients over 12 months). The median patient age was 7 years (interquartile range 4–9 years), 61% (N = 36) were male, and 92% (N = 54) were African American. Quality DNA collection was successful for all 59 patients. The ED provider survey response rate was 100%. Most ED providers reported that the study did not impact their workflow (98% of physicians, 88% of nurses, and 90% of respiratory therapists). ED providers did report difficulties with spirometry in the younger age group.

Conclusions
Pharmacogenomic studies can be conducted in the ED setting, and enroll a younger patient population with a high proportion of minority participants. By disseminating this study’s methods and feasibility analysis, we aim to increase interest in pharmacogenomic studies set in the ED and aimed toward future ED-based pharmacogenomic decision-making.
Imaging in mitral stenosis
Authors: Al-Sabeq Basil , Chamsi-Pasha Mohammed A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Mitral stenosis remains clinically relevant in developing countries where rheumatic heart disease is the predominant culprit. In the western world, mitral annular and valvular calcification is an increasingly recognized cause, particularly in an aging population. Echocardiography plays a primary role in imaging mitral stenosis with a growing role for cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we aim to revisit mitral stenosis assessment and quantification using multimodality imaging.

Recent findings
There is an increasing role for advanced cardiac imaging especially in the era of transcatheter mitral valve intervention. Also, when echocardiography is suboptimal or discordant with symptoms, computed tomography can provide anatomical data, whereas magnetic resonance imaging can provide anatomical along with hemodynamic data.

Summary
Diagnosis of mitral stenosis is crucial as it carries an increased morbidity and mortality risk. Echocardiography is the cornerstone imaging modality with alternative, complementary advanced imaging considered when images are suboptimal.
Elevated blood pressure in childhood and hypertension risk in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Lili , Sun Jiahong , Zhao Min , Liang Yajun , Bovet Pascal , Xi Bo 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Several longitudinal studies have investigated the association between elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood and hypertension in adulthood but the strength of the association has not been always consistent. This study aimed at quantitatively assessing the strength of the association between elevated BP in childhood and hypertension in adulthood based on both a meta-analysis and a systematic review.

Methods:
We identified eligible studies using PubMed and Embase databases up to 1 November, 2019 and by manually searching the reference lists of all identified studies. All longitudinal studies on the association between elevated BP in childhood and hypertension in adulthood were included. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model in this meta-analysis.

Results:
Eleven articles (N = 39 714) were included in our meta-analysis and five additional articles were used for systematic review (two providing ORs without 95% CIs, one not using standard cut-offs for elevated BP in childhood, and two not using standard criteria for adult hypertension). Elevated BP in childhood (3--18 years in the included studies) was significantly associated with hypertension in adulthood (18--57 years in the included studies), with a summary OR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.62--2.53). We also found that an increase of 1 standard deviation in systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively, in childhood (3--19 years in the included studies) was associated with hypertension in adulthood (21--49 years in the included studies), with summary ORs of 1.71 (1.50–1.95) and 1.57 (1.37–1.81). Our systematic review of the five additional articles not eligible for meta-analysis also suggested a significant association between elevated BP in childhood and hypertension in adulthood.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrated a significant association between elevated BP in childhood and hypertension in adulthood. The findings support measures to promote healthy BP during childhood to reduce the risk of hypertension later in life.
Cataract surgery of eyes with previous vitrectomy: risks and benefits as reflected in the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Authors: Lundström Mats , Dickman Mor , Henry Ype , Manning Sonia , Rosen Paul , Tassignon Marie-José , Young David , Stenevi Ulf 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To explore the frequency and outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with previous vitrectomy.

Setting:
Fifteen European countries.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional register-based study.

Methods:
The European Registry of Quality Outcomes of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO) contains data on baseline characteristics, surgery, and follow-up for cataract surgeries. Previous vitrectomy is included as a mandatory parameter in baseline characteristics. According to the protocol for EUREQUO, consecutive cases should be reported by participating units.

Results:
This study included data from units in 15 European countries from 2008 to 2018; 1 715 348 cataract extractions with follow-up data were reported to EUREQUO. Previous vitrectomy was reported in 19 416 eyes comprising 1.1% of all cases. This proportion was about the same for each study year. Most patients were men, and their mean age was 64.1 years compared with 73.7 years for the rest of the database. The preoperative visual acuity was modestly worse in postvitrectomy eyes compared with the opposite (corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA] 0.45 vs 0.25, respectively). A postoperative CDVA of 0.5 or better was achieved by 82.8% of the postvitrectomy eyes compared with 95.6% for the non-postvitrectomy eyes. The absolute mean biometry prediction error for the same groups was 0.52 diopters (D) vs 0.43 D, respectively.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing cataract extraction after previous vitrectomy were younger and mostly men. Their visual and refractive outcomes were slightly inferior compared with the patients without vitrectomy.
Perceived Stress, Sexually Transmitted Infection, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Examination of Differences in Associations Among Black and White Women
Authors: Scheidell Joy D. , Thorpe Lorna E. , Adimora Adaora A. , Caniglia Ellen C. , Lejuez Carl W. , Troxel Andrea B. , Khan Maria R. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
Perceived stress is linked to poor sexual and reproductive health, but its relationship with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is less clear. The elevated burden of stress and STI among Black women suggests a need to examine racial differences in the associations on additive and multiplicative scales.

Methods
Using data from Black and White female participants from wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4744), we examined the association of high stress (scores ≥6 on the Perceived Stress Scale-4) with self-reported past-year chlamydia diagnosis, combined curable STI, and lifetime pelvic inflammatory disease using modified Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios and prevalence differences. Models included a race-stress product-interaction term and adjusted for sociodemographic variables, prior trauma and stressors, and mental health factors.

Results
In unadjusted analyses, stress was associated with STI among Black and White women. Adjusted associations were attenuated among White women; among Black women, stress remained associated with chlamydia (adjusted prevalence ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–3.79) and curable STI (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.40), corresponding to approximately 5 excess cases of each. Among White women, poverty and personality traits were the strongest confounders; among Black women, poverty, trauma, and neurotic personality traits were the strongest confounders for chlamydia, although no factors seemed to confound the association with curable STI.

Conclusions
Stress is independently linked to STI, particularly among Black women. Additional research with longitudinal data is needed to understand the role of stress on STI and address a significant health disparity.
Sexual Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Among Men Who Have Sex With Men During Co-Occurring Sexually Transmitted Infection Epidemics in Toronto, Canada: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gesink Dionne , Salway Travis , Kimura Lauren , Connell James 
Published: July 2020

Background
Our objective was to explore the sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 MSM who lived, worked, or socialized in Toronto in June and July 2016. Participants were asked about concepts of risky sex and knowledge of, and attitudes toward, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially syphilis, and potential interventions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts.

Results
The prevention of STI relied on HIV prevention strategies. No one used condoms for oral sex, nor did they intend to. Pre-exposure prophylaxis was perceived as both threatening and liberating. Concepts of risky sex included emotional risk. Conversations with partners about STI testing were easier than STI status. Stigma and concealment of sexual identity were barriers to sexual health care. None of the participants recommended sexual behavior or sexual health interventions. Instead, recommendations centered on social changes to reduce or eliminate shame, embarrassment, stigma, and discrimination around both STIs and sexual orientation.

Conclusion
Participants were thinking about sexual risk and using a variety of ways to prevent STI transmission, although most relied on HIV prevention strategies, possibly because they knew little about other STIs, and other STIs were perceived as curable, especially syphilis. Interventions promoting conversations about STI testing may be promising and will also reduce stigma as STI testing is normalized. Social and clinic interventions focused on creating psychologically safe spaces to disclose sexual identity and providing sexual orientation affirming health care may reduce STIs and improve sexual health for MSM.
Differences in Cytotoxicity of Lidocaine, Ropivacaine, and Bupivacaine on the Viability and Metabolic Activity of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kubrova Eva , Su Min , Galeano-Garces Catalina , Galvan M. Lizeth , Jerez Sofia , Dietz Allan B. , Smith Jay , Qu Wenchun , van Wijnen Andre J. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWe evaluated biological effects of distinct local anesthetics on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells when applied to reduce periprocedural pain during mesenchymal stem cell injections.Methods and MaterialsMetabolic activity (MTS assay), viability (Live/Dead stain), and gene expression (quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) were measured in mesenchymal stem cells incubated with various concentrations of lidocaine, ropivacaine, or bupivacaine during a 12-hr time course.ResultsCell viability and metabolic activity decreased in a dose, time, and substance-specific manner after exposure to lidocaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine, with ropivacaine being the least cytotoxic. Cell viability decreases after brief exposure (<1.5 hrs) at clinically relevant concentrations (eg, 8 mg/ml of lidocaine, 2.5 mg/ml of ropivacaine or bupivacaine). Mesenchymal stem cells exposed to local anesthetics change their expression of mRNA biomarkers for stress response (EGR1, EGR2), proliferation (MKI67, HIST2H4A), ECM (COL1A1, COL3A1), and cell surface marker (CD105).ConclusionsLocal anesthetics are cytotoxic to clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells in a dose-, time-, and agent-dependent manner and change expression of ECM, proliferation, and cell surface markers. Lidocaine and bupivacaine are more cytotoxic than ropivacaine. Single-dose injections of local anesthetics may affect the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro but may not affect the effective dose of MSCs in a clinical setting.
Accelerated T2 Mapping of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Raudner Marcus , Schreiner Markus , Hilbert Tom , Kober Tobias , Weber Michael , Windhager Reinhard , Trattnig Siegfried , Juras Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
T2 mapping of the intervertebral disc (IVD) can depict quantitative changes reflecting biochemical change due to loss of glycosaminoglycan content. Conventional T2 mapping is usually performed using a 2-dimensional multi-echo-spin echo sequence (2D-MESE) with long acquisition times that are generally not compatible with clinical routine. This study investigates the applicability of GRAPPATINI, a T2 mapping sequence combining undersampling, model-based reconstruction, and parallel imaging, to offer clinically feasible acquisition times in T2 mapping of the lumbar IVD.

Materials and Methods
Fifty-eight individuals (26 female; mean age, 23.3 ± 8.1 years) were prospectively studied at 3 T. GRAPPATINI was conducted with the same parameters as the 2D-MESE while shortening the acquisition time from 13:18 to 2:27 minutes. The setup was also validated in a phantom experiment using a 6.48-hour-long single echo-spin echo sequence as reference. The IVDs were manually segmented on 4 central slices.

Results
The median nucleus pulposus showed a strong Pearson correlation coefficient between T2GRAPPATINI and T2MESE (r
p = 0.919; P < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation for the ventral (r
p = 0.241; P < 0.001) and posterior (r
p = 0.418; P < 0.001) annular regions.
In the single spin-echo phantom experiment, the most accurate T2 estimation was achieved using T2GRAPPATINI with a median absolute deviation of 15.3 milliseconds as compared with T2MESE with 26.5 milliseconds.

Conclusions
GRAPPATINI facilitates precise T2 mapping at 3 T in accordance with clinical standards and reference methods using the same parameters while shortening acquisition times from 13:18 to 2:27 minutes with the same parameters.
Ulcerated Infantile Hemangioma of the Hard Palate: Diagnostic Treatment With Oral Propranolol
Authors: Ishikawa Kosuke , Fujita Munezumi , Takeda Tomohiro , Mitamura Shintaro , Nishio Takuya , Funayama Emi , Hayashi Toshihiko , Osawa Masayuki , Maeda Taku , Yamamoto Yuhei , Sasaki Satoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas arising in the palate are rare. The authors describe a case of ulcerated infantile hemangioma of the hard palate with feeding difficulty. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of immunohistochemically diagnosed palatal infantile hemangioma successfully treated using oral propranolol.
Autogenous Dental Transplantation in a Patient Undergoing Class III Dento-Facial Deformity
Authors: Quirino Lilian Caldas , Carvalho Pedro Henrique de Azambuja , Rocha Audrey Foster Lefort , Gabrieli Marisa Aparecida Cabrini , Pereira-Filho Valfrido Antonio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dental transplantation is an alternative for rehabilitation with a high success rate. This article presents a clinical case of autogenous dental transplantation in a 17-year-old male patient undergoing treatment for Class III dento-facial deformity. After 32 months followup, low-cost rehabilitation was possible, and without prejudice to ortho-surgical treatment.