bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actividad física y funciones cognitivas en personas mayores: revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años (Physical activity and cognitive functions in older people: a systematic review of the last 5 years)
Authors: Romero Ramos Nestor , Romero-Ramos Óscar , González Suárez Arnoldo José 
Published: October 2020

La actividad física (AF) afecta de manera positiva en la salud de las personas a cualquier edad, de acuerdo con los resultados de diferentes estudios en cuanto a la salud cognitiva de las personas mayores, los beneficios son más evidentes. Por esa razón, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica que aborda los efectos de la AF en las funciones cognitivas (FC) de las personas mayores. Se consultaron cuatro bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, y Pub Med, y el buscador Scholar Google. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección, quedaron 31 artículos, que fueron analizados en cuanto a) país, cantidad de individuos y edad, b) variables, y c) enfoque de investigación, duración y resultados. En general, la AF mejora diversas dimensiones de las funciones cognitivas de las personas mayores, donde median factores genéticos y ambientales que tienen que ver con el estilo de vida del individuo. Los tipos de AF se comportan de manera diferencial en cuanto a la dimensión de la función cognitiva que mejoran. La determinación de marcadores bioquímicos (BDNF, dopamina, péptido β-amiloide, gamma gap), de imagenología por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y cambios en la actividad eléctrica del cerebro, soportan la hipótesis de que la AF produce cambios en la forma y actividad cerebral, sin que ello suponga cambios significativos en la conducta observada y medible mediante test estandarizados de salud mental.
Abstract. Physical activity (PA) positively affects people's health at any age, and according to the results of different studies on the cognitive health of older people, the benefits are more evident. For this reason, a systematic review of the scientific literature addressing the effects of PA on the cognitive functions (CF) of older people has been conducted. Four databases were consulted to locate relevant literature: Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Pub Med, and the Scholar Google search engine. After applying the selection criteria, 31 articles were left, which were analyzed in terms of a) country, number of individuals and age, b) variables, and c) research approach, duration and results. In general, PA improves several dimensions of cognitive functions of older people, where genetic and environmental factors that have to do with the individual's lifestyle are mediated. Types of PA behave differently in terms of the dimension of cognitive function they improve. The determination of biochemical markers (BDNF, dopamine, amyloid peptide β, gamma gap), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) and changes in the electrical activity of the brain support the hypothesis that PA produces changes in brain shape and activity, without significant changes in behavior observed and measurable by standardized tests of mental health.
Study of the attention and its importance in teaching/learning sports (Estudio de la atención y su importancia en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de los deportes)
Authors: Folgado dos Santos Jorge Manuel , Petrica João Manuel , Maia Luís Alberto Coelho Rebelo 
Published: October 2020

In this article we will try to address the importance of attention as a relevant construct in teaching, learning, performance and training of sports activities in its several modalities. We will try to draw attention to the fact that athletes in general, and young people who are developing their learning of a particular sport, are strongly influenced by their attentional profiles (e.g., depending on aspects that are more internal or external to the subjects: in a broadband perspective or with a pronounced and specific focus of the attention). Such conjectures allow us to make considerations regarding the way that teaching / learning models are conceived for physical education classes, since there seems to be a attention profiles fluctuation at different moments of the class, as well as, it cannot be forgotten the relevance of the attentional profiles of each student during the whole learning, developing and consolidating process in the practice of a sporting modality. Resumen: En este artículo, trataremos abordar la importancia de la atención como un constructo relevante en la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, el desempeño y la capacitación de actividades deportivas en sus diversas modalidades. Trataremos de llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que los atletas en general, y los jóvenes que están desarrollando su aprendizaje de un deporte en particular, están fuertemente influenciados por sus perfiles de atención (por ejemplo, dependiendo de aspectos que son más internos o externos a los sujetos: en una perspectiva de banda ancha o con un enfoque pronunciado y específico de la atención). Dichas conjeturas nos permiten hacer consideraciones sobre la forma en que se conciben los modelos de enseñanza / aprendizaje para las clases de educación física, ya que parece haber una fluctuación de los perfiles de atención en diferentes momentos de la clase, así como, no se puede olvidar la relevancia del perfiles de atención de cada alumno durante todo el proceso de aprendizaje, desarrollo y consolidación en la práctica de una modalidad deportiva.
Niveles objetivos de actividad física durante las clases de Educación Física en estudiantes chilenos usando acelerometría (Objectively measured physical activity levels during Physical Education lessons in Chilean students using accelerometry)
Authors: Mayorga-Vega Daniel , Parra Saldías Maribel , Viciana Jesús 
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar los niveles objetivos de actividad física durante las clases de Educación Física en adolescentes chilenos, identificando posibles diferencias según el género. En el presente estudio participaron 156 estudiantes de enseñanza básica de Chile (69 niñas y 87 varones, edad media = 13.5 ± .7 años). Se eliminaron 34 participantes por no cumplir los criterios mínimos de registro, seleccionando finalmente a 122 adolescentes. Se evaluaron los niveles objetivos de actividad física de una clase de Educación Física mediante el acelerómetro GT3X. Los resultados mostraron que ningún participante alcanzó las recomendaciones de tiempo de práctica de actividad física moderada-vigorosa del 50% durante las clases de Educación Física. La mayoría de los estudiantes (50.7% de chicos y 72.5% de chicas) acumularon menos del 10% del tiempo de clase de Educación Física en actividad física moderada-vigorosa. Los chicos presentaron mayores valores de actividad física moderada-vigorosa que las mujeres (p < .05), pero no se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo sedentario ni en la actividad física ligera (p > .05). Los adolescentes chilenos no cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física moderada-vigorosa en clases de Educación Física. Se discuten diferentes estrategias de incremento del tiempo empleado en dicha actividad física moderada-vigorosa como medidas a considerar. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine objective levels of physical activity during Physical Education (PE) classes in Chilean adolescents, identifying possible differences according to gender. A sample composed of 156 Chilean adolescents (69 female and 87 male, average age = 13.5 ± .7 years) participated in this study. A total of 34 adolescents did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded, with 122 participants finally considered for the data analyses. Objective levels of physical activity were assessed by means of GT3X accelerometers during a PE lesson. The results showed that none of the participants reached the recommended 50% of total PE time at moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level. Most of the students (50.7% males and 72.5% females) accumulated less than 10% of the PE time at moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level. Boys showed higher values of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than girls (p < .05); however, there were no gender differences in sedentary behavior or light physical activity time (p > .05). Chilean adolescents do not meet the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recommendations during PE lessons. Different strategies are discussed in order to increase the time spent at moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in PE.
Peranan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Bagi Pembinaan Anak Tunagrahita
Authors: Hutagalung Rotua Julianovia Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

Christian Religious Education has a role in fostering mentally retarded children so that they know God in their daily lives, and apply that education through their actions towards God, self, and others.
Looking at the results of a research survey it appears that BEFORE retarded children receive education at C1 level SLB, many parents and even the environment are less accepting of their existence; Shyness and low self-esteem are seen in mentally retarded children; the development of children's abilities in trying to help themselves is still difficult; adaptation to the environment is still difficult; parental responses to educators in implementing PAK are still not emphasizing; the development of thinking, emotions, behavior, speech is still lacking.
Seeing the condition of mentally retarded parents and children as above, they really need a Christian educator who can support, direct, educate, and foster them with great love and patience. For this reason a Christian educator needs to understand techniques in teaching, using appropriate teaching methods, getting to know the character of each of his students, even teachers must be able to train and equip them with the teachings of the Word of God so that through this parents can accept the existence of their children, and children can also do something by yourself. Through education given to mentally retarded children they also experience the development of thinking, emotions, behavior, and speaking.
Parents also have an important role in developing, educating, training and teaching them with love. Parents can perform their role properly and correctly if he accepts all of their children's existence in learning, and parents must also be a driving force for their lives in learning and playing so that the child's development can continue to be monitored and children can live independently in carrying out their responsibilities as a child students.
The purpose of writing this article is firstly, when mentally retarded children receive a Christian Religious Education they can apply the Word of God through their attitudes toward God, such as praying, singing, and listening to the Word. Second, besides praying, singing, they can help each other help, love. Third, based on the education provided they can take care of themselves, pay respect to older people. Fourth, their recognition of the Lord Jesus is clearer and educators must provide examples and examples for them.
The discussion in the writing of this article is about the introduction of mentally retarded children; Christian Religious Education for the development of mentally retarded children; the role of parents in handling mental retardation children.
Perumpamaan Penabur Benih Sebagai Pendekatan Misi Lintas Budaya Berdasarkan Markus 4:1-20
Authors: Nikolaus Nikolaus , Andi Yohanes , Harming Harming 
Published: October 2020

Tugas terbesar orang percaya yaitu untuk memberitakan Injil. Karena itu berbagai macam pendekatan untuk memberitakan Injil, seperti menolong orang yang sedang mengalami bencana alam korban gempa, tsunami dan Virus Corona (Covid 19) dan juga memberitakan Injil sesuai dengan konteks penerima. Sehingga motivasi orang menjadi Kristen bukan karena percaya kepada Yesus. Melainkan karena sikap dan tidak orang yang melayaninya. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perumpamaan penabur benih: sebagai pendekatan misi lintas budaya berdasarkan Markus 4:1-20? Tujuan penulisan artikel untuk menjelaskan perumpamaan penabur benih: sebagai pendekatan misi lintas budaya berdasarkan Markus 4:1-20.
Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur pustaka. Metode studi literatur pustaka yaitu mengumpulkan informasi bantuan dari buku-buku, jurnal dan lain-lain, yang mendukung sumber informasi untuk meneliti tentang perumpamaan penabur benih sebagai pendekatan misi lintas budaya. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: mencari posisi nyaman, menggunakan kesempatan dengan sebaik mungkin, memberi penegasan, memberi pemahaman yang baru, mengabarkan Injil dalam konteks budaya.
EVOLUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO BRASIL: DA TEORIA À PRÁTICA
Authors: Roberto Rosa Ávila Ângelo , Fonseca Vicente 
Published: October 2020

O reconhecimento dos abusos e arbitrariedades cometidas quando da eclosão e durante os conflitos mundiais ocorridos no início do século XIX que perduraram até sua primeira metade, e que importaram em práticas de incomparável violência e barbárie entre os diferentes povos, os Estados reconheceram a necessidade de criação de limites internacionais para preservação da espécie humana, e, bem assim, de que era necessária a elaboração de uma carta comum de direitos fundamentais, que, em um primeiro momento, privilegiassem a vida, a liberdade, a igualdade, e o direito de propriedade. Assim, surge a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, promulgada em 1948, trazendo direitos de caráter universal, indivisível e interdependentes. O Brasil, por sua vez, rompeu com o passado histórico de abuso, autoritarismo e arbitrariedade, promulgando a Constituição Federal de 1988, que se torna símbolo da cidadania e liberdade de expressão, sendo chamada de Carta Cidadã, pelo destaque dado à defesa de direitos fundamentais, traçados pela Declaração Universal de quarenta anos antes. Como signatário de todos os pactos internacionais que se relacionam ao tema, o Brasil torna-se precursor da consolidação democrática, inserindo os Direitos Humanos como programa de governo, editando, a partir de 1995, o Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos, que atualmente está em sua terceira versão atualizada.
Transcatheter device closure of ventricular septal defects in children: a retrospective study at a single cardiac center
Authors: Khoshhal Saad Q. , Al-Mutairi Mansour B. , Alnajjar Abdulhameed A. , Morsy Mohamed M. , Salem Sherif S. , Al-Muhaya Mustafa , El-Harbi Khaled M. , Abo-Haded Hany M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease in the pediatric population. Nowadays, trans-catheter closure is considered a feasible method of therapy for most muscular and some perimembranous types of VSDs.

OBJECTIVE:
Assess the safety, efficacy and outcome of percutaneous transcatheter closure of VSDs in children.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, single center study.

SETTING:
Madinah Cardiac Center, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included all consecutive children who underwent transcatheter closure of isolated VSD during the period from December 2014 to January 2019. The data were collected from hospital database medical records. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and an electrocardiogram (ECG) were done before and after the procedure in all the patients. The device was implanted by the retrograde or antegrade approach. All patients were subjected to follow-up evaluation at 1, 3, 6, 12 months, and annually thereafter with TTE and ECG.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Procedure success rate, clinical follow-up, TTE.

SAMPLE SIZE:
70 children.

RESULTS:
The mean (standard deviation) age of patients was 10.2 (4.1) years (range: 2-18 years), and their mean body weight was 30.9 (13.9) kg (range: 7.0-57.7 kg). Forty-eight (68.6%) children had muscular VSD (mVSD), and 22 (31.4%) children had perimembranous VSD (pmVSD). The majority of defects were closed via the retrograde approach using the Amplatzer muscular occluder device. At 24 hours after the procedure, the success rate was 90%. Only four (5.7%) cases had major adverse events including complete atrioventricular block, hemolysis, and thrombus formation.

CONCLUSION:
Transcatheter closure is a safe and feasible procedure in VSDs of various morphologies, with a low adverse event rate.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design, single-center study, absence of control group.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Factors associated with facial weakness following surgery for benign parotid disease: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Albosaily Ahmad , Aldrees Turki , Doubi Aseel , Aldhwaihy Lulu , Al-Gazlan Najd S. , Alessa Mohammed , Al-Dhahri Saleh , Al-Qahtani Khalid 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Facial nerve weakness is the most common and most concerning complication after parotidectomy. Risk factors for this complication following surgery for benign diseases remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
Review the frequency and prognosis of facial nerve weakness after parotidectomy and analyze potential risk factors.

DESIGN:
Retrospective review of medical records.

SETTINGS:
Two tertiary care centers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We included all parotidectomies performed for benign diseases from January 2006 to December 2018. Details about the development and recovery of postoperative facial weakness were recorded. Patient, disease and surgery-related variables were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Frequency, recovery rates and risk factors for facial nerve weakness

SAMPLE SIZE:
191 parotidectomies, 183 patients, 61 patients with facial weakness.

RESULTS:
The frequency of postoperative facial weakness was 31.9% (61/191 parotidectomies). Among patients with temporary weakness, 90% regained normal facial movement within 6 months. Steroid therapy was not associated with a faster recovery. Postoperative weakness was not associated with age, diabetes, smoking, disease location, use of an intraoperative facial nerve monitor or direction of facial nerve dissection. Risk factors for temporary weakness were total parotidectomy and surgical specimens larger than 60 cubic centimeters. Revision surgery was the only identified risk factor for permanent weakness.

CONCLUSION:
Larger parotid resections increase the risk of temporary facial nerve weakness while permanent weakness is mainly influenced by previous surgeries.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective nature, underpowered sample size, selection bias associated with tertiary care cases.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Economic impact of diabetic foot ulcers on healthcare in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study
Authors: Alshammary Shadi , Othman Sharifah A. , Alshammari Eiman , Alarfaj Mosab A. , Lardhi Haitham Amer , Amer Nasser Mohamed , Elsaid Ayman S. , Alghamdi Hanan M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting life quality and significantly impacting healthcare resources.

OBJECTIVE:
Determine the direct medical costs associated with treating DFU in King Fahad Hospital of the University and identify factors that could assist in developing resource management guidelines in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study.

SETTING:
SETTING: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included diabetic patients admitted with foot ulcerations between 2007 and 2017 inclusive. We determined management costs including drug usage, wound dressings, surgical procedures, admissions, and basic investigation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Factors affecting the direct perspective medical costs of managing DFU.

SAMPLE SIZE:
99 patients.

RESULTS:
The overall cost of managing 99 patients with DFU was 6 618 043.3 SAR ($1 764 632.68 USD), which further translates to approximately 6684.9 SAR per patient/year ($1782.6 USD). The highest cost incurred was for admission expenditure (45.6%), followed by debridement (14.5%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10.4%).

CONCLUSION:
The overall healthcare expenditure in treating DFU is high, with hospital admissions and surgical procedures adding a significant increase to the total cost. Focused patient education on overall glycemic control and prevention of DFU may decrease complications and hence, the overall cost.

LIMITATIONS:
Identified only the direct medical costs of DFU as the indirect costs were subjective and more difficult to quantify.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Optimality-based non-Redfield plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1) in UVic-ESCM 2.9 – Part 2: Sensitivity analysis and model calibration
Authors: Chien Chia-Te , Pahlow Markus , Schartau Markus , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We analyse 400 perturbed-parameter simulations for two configurations of an optimality-based plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM), implemented in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic-ESCM), using a Latin hypercube sampling method for setting up the parameter ensemble. A likelihood-based metric is introduced for model assessment and selection of the model solutions closest to observed distributions of NO3-, PO43-, O2, and surface chlorophyll a concentrations. The simulations closest to the data with respect to our metric exhibit very low rates of global N2 fixation and denitrification, indicating that in order to achieve rates consistent with independent estimates, additional constraints have to be applied in the calibration process. For identifying the reference parameter sets, we therefore also consider the model's ability to represent current estimates of water-column denitrification.
We employ our ensemble of model solutions in a sensitivity analysis to gain insights into the importance and role of individual model parameters as well as correlations between various biogeochemical processes and tracers, such as POC export and the NO3- inventory. Global O2 varies by a factor of 2 and NO3- by more than a factor of 6 among all simulations. Remineralisation rate is the most important parameter for O2, which is also affected by the subsistence N quota of ordinary phytoplankton (Q0,phyN) and zooplankton maximum specific ingestion rate. Q0,phyN is revealed as a major determinant of the oceanic NO3- pool. This indicates that unravelling the driving forces of variations in phytoplankton physiology and elemental stoichiometry, which are tightly linked via Q0,phyN, is a prerequisite for understanding the marine nitrogen inventory.
Benefits and Risks of Direct-to-Consumer Testing
Authors: Ayala-Lopez Nadia , Nichols James H. 
Published: October 2020

Context.—
Convenience, avoidance of doctor's appointments, curiosity, and the desire to take control of one's health are driving interest toward direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing. DTC is laboratory testing that is initiated by the consumer without a physician order. The results are reported back directly to the consumer. DTC testing is an exciting addition to the traditional healthcare model for consumers who want knowledge of their health status and disease risk, ancestry, and their body's expected response to certain medications based on their genotype.

Objectives.—
To discuss the perceived and potential benefits and risks involved in DTC testing.

Data Sources.—
Recent published literature on DTC testing.

Conclusions.—
The benefits of DTC testing are enticing and are driving the DTC testing market. Consumers must weigh the perceived benefits with the potential risks, including privacy concerns, the possibility of receiving confusing health information, and/or information that could generate unexpected emotions, misdiagnosis, and over-testing.