bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlude
Authors: Turner Alicia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses early Western Buddhist monks around the turn of the twentieth century. It highlights the increased significance of the ordination of Westerners in this period, both from the colonial and Asian points of view. It discusses the careers of three early Western Buddhist monks: Asoka (Gordon Douglas), Ananda Metteyya (Allan Bennett), and Dhammaloka (?Laurence Carroll). The chapter explores the monastic politics of ordination and compares the lineages created by Ananda Metteyya and Dhammaloka. It looks at a wide range of early Western Buddhist monks, and in particular the issues of class raised by “beachcomber bhikkhus,” poor white converts. It goes on to explore three moments in Western Buddhist monasticism: a conventional ordination at the Tavoy monastery in Rangoon, an unusual ordination in Dhammaloka’s “English Buddhist Mission” in Singapore, and a contested disrobing at the same mission. It concludes by discussing the nature of legitimacy in these contexts.
A Print Revolution
Authors: Turner Alicia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Irish Buddhist monk U Dhammaloka’s activities in Burma in 1907–8, notably establishing the Buddhist Tract Society (BTS). This organization largely republished Western freethinking (atheist) arguments in order to challenge Christian missionaries, and by implication colonial authority. The chapter discusses the practicalities of publishing as a form of social movement organizing, with reference to what is known about the BTS’s activities. It explores those BTS tracts whose content is known, and traces their intellectual sources. It further discusses the roots of Dhammaloka’s own freethought with reference to atheism and anti-clericalism in Ireland, Britain, the United States, and Asia, arguing that Dhammaloka was a characteristic product of the radical working-class intellectualism of the period.
Outsourcing Censorship
Authors: Matzko Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
After the election of 1964, the Democratic National Committee stopped its involvement in the censorship campaign, but the Fairness Doctrine rules remained a tool for any interest group smart enough to imagine the potential uses. The National Council of Churches, which had a long history of conflict with broadcaster and fundamentalist clergyman Carl McIntire, launched a wave of Fairness Doctrine complaints against stations airing the offending broadcasts. In particular, the National Council of Churches wanted the Federal Communications Commission to deny radio licenses to two stations: WXUR, which Carl McIntire had recently purchased, and WLBT, which had a history of defending segregation on the airwaves.
Conclusion
Authors: Matzko Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The deregulation of the airwaves by the Jimmy Carter administration, combined with the advent of cable broadcasting, allowed the resurgence of politically conservative radio in the late 1970s and 1980s. A new generation of religious broadcasters—including Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson—used radio and television to become household names. Indeed, it was while organizing to protect broadcasters from the Fairness Doctrine that the idea to create the “Moral Majority” came to Falwell. Also, radio broadcasting was the preferred way that former California Governor Ronald Reagan kept up his political brand as he prepared to run for president in 1976 and 1980. In the four decades since, right-wing talk radio has profoundly influenced national politics, but those tempted to call for a return to Fairness Doctrine–style regulation would do well to bear in mind Donald Trump’s expressed desire to challenge broadcasting licenses for critical journalistic outlets like NBC News.
A Theory of State Preferences and Resource Competition
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 develops a theory of states’ foreign policy preferences. A state’s preference for territory depends on its economic structure and domestic political institutions. Economic structure determines the state’s source of income. Production-oriented states whose economies are structured to generate income from producing goods will be less interested in resources and territory. In contrast, land-oriented states that are economically dependent on resource rents will have a stronger preference to seek control over resource-rich territory. This effect holds in both autocracies and democracies. However, autocracies should place a greater value on the political benefits associated with land rents because they are a source of wealth that is easier to control and extract. In sum, the more autocratic and land-oriented the state, the stronger its preference for resource rents and the more the state should invest in projecting military force to secure resources.
Descriptive Statistics and Cross-National Comparisons of Arctic Power Projection
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 employs data from three new data sets, the Arctic Military Activity Events Data Set, the Arctic Bases Data Set, and the Icebreaker and Ice-Hardened Warships Data Set. These new data enable a systematic comparison of each state’s Arctic military forces and deployments before and after the 2007 climate shock. The data offer a corrective to both sensationalist media accounts that suggest that all states are scrambling to fight over Arctic resources and those who downplay real changes in states’ Arctic military capabilities and presence. Confirming Rent-Addition’s Theory’s predictions, the descriptive statistical comparisons reveal that the states that were most economically dependent on resource rents, Norway and Russia, were the most willing to back their claims by projecting military force to disputed areas and investing in Arctic bases, ice-hardened warships, and icebreakers.
The United States’ Arctic Foreign Policy
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines how the United States, the most powerful production-oriented Arctic state, responded to the revelation of Arctic resources. If capabilities drive intentions, then the United States should project the most power to the region. However, if economic structure influences states’ preferences, as this book argues, then Washington should be more interested in securing access to markets and less concerned with seeking control over Arctic resources. This chapter provides a detailed account of the impact the United States’ production-based economy and broad governing coalition had on its Arctic foreign policy. Compared with the other Arctic states, the United States invested far less in bolstering its existing Arctic bases and icebreakers. In line with the book’s core predictions, the United States’ domestic political economy best explains Washington’s reluctance to make greater Arctic commitments and a concomitant lack of substantial investment in increasing the United States’ Arctic military presence throughout multiple administrations.
Conclusion
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 concludes with a discussion of the core findings and implications for the future of resource competition and territorial conflict. It demonstrates Rent-Addiction Theory’s generalizability by applying it broadly to explain the decline in territorial conflict worldwide and the prospects for resource competition in regions beyond the Arctic, such as the Middle East and Africa. The core findings support the book’s thesis that what states make influences what they want to take. The theory suggests that, contrary to existing findings on the link between economic development and conflict, resource-driven development may make states more, rather than less, conflict-prone. This insight is critical for policymakers seeking to anticipate states’ responses to climate change and technological innovation, which are rapidly revealing seabed resources. Finally, the theory provides a novel explanation for why, despite a general decline in conquest, some states still have a strong interest in seeking profits from territorial expansion.
Religion as Alternative Reality
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the notion that, like war, religion is an imagined alternative reality. The chapter begins with the remarkable success of the Left Behind novels, Evangelical Protestant novels that imagine the end of the world at the time of the rapture, when righteously saved souls are transported to heaven and the ordinary world struggles with the control of the Antichrist. Though extreme, this vision is characteristic of all religion: it presents an alternative view of reality. All religion is imagined in that they are constructions of an alternative view of reality, as the sociologist Robert Bellah has argued. Like war, religion is a response to a perception of deep disorder, though in the case of religion it is often the fear of one’s own demise, the fear of death. For this reason most religious traditions have incorporated violence and death into their rituals and images (the Christian cross is an obvious example), as a way of showing that in the religious imagination the fear of chaos is overcome and death has been defeated. As does war, religion provides an imagined scenario of chaos conquered.
The Production of National Racial Innocence
Authors: Brooks Joanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since when and on what grounds have white American Christians declared themselves innocent of the sins of their generations? When did white American Christianity excuse itself from grappling with the most serious and far-reaching human abuses to make as its object instead the perpetuation of an undisturbed and unchallenged hold on continuity and capital? This chapter examines how mass media contributed to the production of white racial innocence by featuring spectacles of white patriotism and “wholesomeness” including, prominently, Mormon performing acts. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir and the Osmonds enacted a spectacle of innocence that normalized anti-Black racism as an unremarkable element of a “wholesome” morality. Their performances engaged audiences in a silent agreement to “forget” racism and to claim a moral high ground without taking responsibility for the oppression of people of color.
The Persistence of White Supremacy Beyond Desegregation
Authors: Brooks Joanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Systematic anti-Black racism did not end with the legal abolition of chattel slavery in the United States. It simply changed shape: into debt peonage, criminalization, mass incarceration, housing segregation, sexual predation, voter suppression, and discrimination of all kinds. The same holds true for systematic anti-Black racism in white American Christianity. This chapter examines how structures of everyday white supremacy persisted in everyday Mormonism beyond the end of the priesthood and temple ban, especially through rhetorical strategies on the part of LDS Church leaders that evaded historical facts or dismissed history as insignificant and demonstrated no commitment to responsibility, reconciliation, or reparations.
Paracomedy
Authors: Jendza Craig 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Paracomedy: Appropriations of Comedy in Greek Tragedy is the first book that examines how ancient Greek tragedy engages with the genre of comedy. While scholars frequently study paratragedy (how Greek comedians satirize tragedy), this book investigates the previously overlooked practice of paracomedy: how Greek tragedians regularly appropriate elements from comedy such as costumes, scenes, language, characters, or plots. Drawing upon a wide variety of complete and fragmentary tragedies and comedies (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Rhinthon), this monograph demonstrates that paracomedy was a prominent feature of Greek tragedy. Blending a variety of interdisciplinary approaches, including traditional philology, literary criticism, genre theory, and performance studies, this book offers innovative close readings and incisive interpretations of individual plays. The author presents paracomedy as a multivalent authorial strategy: some instances impart a sense of ugliness or discomfort; others provide a sense of lightheartedness or humor. While the book traces the development of paracomedy over several hundred years, it focuses on a handful of Euripidean tragedies at the end of the fifth century BCE. The author argues that Euripides was participating in a rivalry with the comedian Aristophanes and often used paracomedy to demonstrate the poetic supremacy of tragedy; indeed, some of Euripides’s most complex uses of paracomedy attempt to reappropriate Aristophanes’s mockery of his theatrical techniques. The book theorizes a new, groundbreaking relationship between Greek tragedy and comedy that not only redefines our understanding of the genre of tragedy but also reveals a dynamic theatrical world filled with mutual cross-generic influence.
Paracomedy and Relative Chronology
Authors: Jendza Craig 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents paracomedy as a tool that can help establish a relative chronology between plays in cases where we can detect an allusive relationship between a tragedy and a comedy but we do not know which play was performed first. Using examples from Sophocles’s Chryses, Euripides’s Cyclops, Euripides’s Heracles, and Euripides’s Ion, it lays out different interpretations for the possible chronologies in an attempt to unpack their implications and to clarify their underlying scholarly assumptions. The chapter analyzes Euripides’s Antiope as a corrective response to Aristophanes’s Women at the Thesmophoria that reverses Aristophanes’s critique that intellectual musicians are useless by making Amphion an intellectual musician who is politically efficacious. The chapter also proposes a new way to interpret the metrical evidence for dating Antiope and suggests that Euripides may have used old-fashioned metrics as an archaizing throwback to support the musical and political goals of his play.
Conclusion
Authors: Jendza Craig 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by examining paracomedy in relation to other theatrical and literary theories, such as the concept of intertheatricality, the notion of the haunted stage, and Bakhtinian views of the carnivalesque. Drawing comparisons to early modern and modern theater, it emphasizes that paracomedy is both a familiar concept, since it operates through the theatrical memory of the audience (as does paratragedy), and a strikingly rare one, since it manifests an unexpected directionality—a high theatrical genre co-opting features from a low one. It also provides a catalogue, categorized by type, of the examples of paracomedy analyzed in the book.
Ecumenical Naturalism
Authors: McCauley Robert N. , Graham George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This book advances a comprehensive, multidisciplinary model of human religiosity. Ecumenical naturalism (EN) assumes that both normal and pathological forms of religiosity share the same subpersonal cognitive systems. So mental disorders or illnesses of human religiosity are alternative expressions of similar general features of religious cognition. This assumption of continuity of features and systems has direct implications for how to use EN to understand diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry. Our hope is that, through successive successful applications of the model, EN will ultimately emerge as a popular framework for cross-disciplinary research. The chapter briefly describes examples of possible future applications. One among them is to examine the role of the illness of psychopathy in religious terrorism. Another is to develop a form of psychotherapy that accommodates a patient’s commitment to prayer but which produces a gradual discontinuation of depressive rumination on the perceived silence of the client’s God.
Democracy Reloaded
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Framed in debates about the crisis of democracy, the book analyzes one of the most influential social movements of recent times: Spain’s “Indignados” or “15-M” movement. In the wake of the global financial crisis and harsh austerity policies, 15-M movement activists occupied public squares across the country, mobilized millions of Spanish citizens, gave rise to new hybrid parties such as Podemos, and inspired pro-democracy movements around the world. Based on access to key participants in the 15-M movement and Podemos, and extensive participant observation, the book tells the story of this remarkable movement, its emergence, evolution, and impact. In so doing, it challenges some of the core arguments in social movement scholarship about the factors likely to lead to movement success. Instead, the book argues that movements organized around autonomous network logics can build and sustain strong movements in the absence of formal organizations, strong professionalized leadership, and the ability to attract external resources. The key to understanding its power lies in the shared political culture and collective identity that emerged following the occupation of Spain’s central squares. These protest camps sustained the movement by forging reciprocal ties of solidarity between diverse actors, and generating a shared set of critical master frames across a diverse set of actors and issues (e.g., housing, education, pensions, privatization of public services, corruption) that enabled the movement to effectively contest hegemonic narratives about the crisis, austerity, and democracy, influencing public debate and the political agenda.
The PAH
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8, “The PAH: Building a Movement within a Movement,” analyzes the Platform for those Affected by Mortgages (PAH), a widely admired and highly valued organization within 15-M, and also the one that addresses one of the austerity issues with the highest social, economic, and personal impact: the housing crisis. It shows how the PAH took this issue, which lies at the core of the Spanish financial crisis, and converted it into the basis for a powerful mass movement while developing a powerful and influential counter-narrative that connects groups across issues and organizational forms in 15-M.
Indignant and Precarious Youth
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9, “Indignant and Precarious Youth,” explores Spain’s indignant “Youth Without Future” and how they are facing the post-crisis scenario by demanding the right to a dignified life and constituting a precarious political subject, “youth,” that greatly inspired the origins and development of the 15-M movement. From hunger strikers in the Puerta del Sol, to Juventud Sin Futuro (Youth Without Future, or JSF), to the Oficina Precaria (Precarious Office), these young activists creatively and passionately connect their lived experience directly with core austerity issues (education, housing, healthcare, precarious un/employment, and emigration), identifying a matrix of identifying those who are responsible for and benefit from austerity politics (bankers, etc.) against whom they direct their indignation. In so doing, they continually frame their activism in relation to the deficiencies of really existing democracy and contribute to the development of a new democratic imaginary, drawing on core elements of 15-M political culture and collective identity.
15-M and Podemos
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 10, “15-M and Podemos: Explaining the Puzzle of the ‘Electoral Turn,’ ” explores the relationship between 15-M and Podemos to answer a central puzzle that arises from the case of 15-M: How did so many members of a movement that was radically committed to critiquing representative democracy embrace the Podemos electoral initiative less than three years later while still claiming allegiance to the spirit and identity of the 15-M movement? It argues that party strategists engaged in extensive discursive work to overcome their cognitive dissonance and realign their activist identities to embrace an electoral option without reneging their 15-M identity. Podemos managed to convince 15-M activists by offering the promise of integrating core elements of 15-M political culture into the party, including autonomy, feminism, and a digitally enabled hacker ethic.
Democracy Reloaded
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the major contributions of the book and the question of the role pro-democracy movements can play in democratic regeneration in times of crisis. It argues that their emancipatory potential lies in critique and resignification of the meaning of democracy, and in prefigurative experimentation in democratic practice. Activists in 15-M developed shared master frames about the crisis, austerity, and democracy that enabled them to not only develop a strong collective identity, but also to effectively contest hegemonic narratives used to justify austerity politics. In this way democracy also became one core factor in enabling cross-sectoral alliances, in both form (movement practices that prefiguratively embodied a “15-M” way of manifesting democratic principles) and in content (diagnoses of deficient democracy and new imaginaries proposed to correct these deficiencies).The chapter evaluates the impact and significance of the 15-M movement, and the potential for autonomous movements to reload democracy in times of crisis.
The Future
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 restates the major theme of the book: that drones change strategic choices for their users by altering their calculation of risks and expanding their goals. It notes that while drones have many peacetime and humanitarian uses, it is their destructive potential that haunts the general public. The apparent absence of risk when using drones in conflict zones changes the choices and behavior of users. It concludes that drones cannot be considered as politically neutral, but rather as irreducibly political and inclined to privilege specific modes of action and thinking. It also identifies future trends that might intersect with drone technology, including the rise of AI, autonomy, swarming, miniaturization and others.
Guilty Pleasures? Feminism and Everyday Life in the 1980s
Authors: Jolly Margaretta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The chapter interweaves individual life course analysis with the development of feminism, exploring the homes, food, clothes and leisure enjoyed by midlife activists. Exploring municipal feminism and Women Against Pit Closures mobilisation during the miners’ strike through the stories of Valerie Wise and Betty Cook, the chapter skirts simple narratives of movement success or decline to explore the domestic lives of feminists. These could fuel activism and enable alternative life courses and families, but also show the need for rest, pleasure and privacy. Shopping too is revealed as an area of shame as well as where feminists pioneered ethical forms of consumption, particularly in sexual goods or clubs, whilst acknowledging the divisive context of Thatcher’s Britain. The chapter closes with a portrait of Barbara Jones, radical lesbian feminist, woman builder and ecological designer, whose vivid S&A interview captures feminism’s transformative effects alongside its troubled relationship to capitalism, money and the state. 150 words