bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles in Later-Life Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Callahan Brandy L. , Ramakrishnan Nayani , Shammi Prathiba , Bierstone Daniel , Taylor Rebecca , Ozzoude Miracle , Goubran Maged , Stuss Donalt T. , Black Sandra E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being recognized in adults and older adults. Some of its behavioral features (e.g., distractibility, forgetfulness, impulsivity) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which contributes to diagnostic uncertainty in later life. The present study aimed to systematically compare ADHD and MCI on measures of cognition and structural neuroimaging to clarify the extent of their overlap (i.e., cognitive features of ADHD that are most likely to be taken for signs of MCI) and identify potential features unique to each disorder (i.e., that may be used to guide diagnostic impressions). Methods: One hundred and six adults aged 50 years or above were recruited from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI and 37 controls) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A subsample (n=80) underwent structural neuroimaging.Results: Memory was impaired in both patient groups, but reflected a storage deficit in MCI (supported by imaging findings of reduced hippocampal volumes) and an encoding deficit in ADHD (supported by frontal-lobe cortical thinning). Both groups performed normally on executive measures. Semantic retrieval was uniquely impaired in MCI.Conclusions: Behavioral and structural imaging features strongly suggest that ADHD and MCI are similar manifestations of separate pathophysiological processes. Although ADHD has been proposed as a risk factor or prodromal stage of neurodegeneration, we propose it is rather acting as a phenotypic mimic of MCI via overlap in memory and executive performance.
Analysis of Immune Infiltration Pattern in Osteosarcoma and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Yuan Wenhua , Deng Yajun , Ren Enhui , Zhang Guangzhi , Wu Zuolong , Xie Qiqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveOsteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant bone tumor, is prone to early metastasis and recurrence, resulting in poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate gene expression in OS samples, and to study the relationship between tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICS) in the tumor microenvironment and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of OS. MethodsIntegrated analysis was performed on the gene expression profile of OS samples in the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database, and normal muscle tissue samples in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Screening of differentially expressed genes in OS samples and healthy muscle tissue samples was performed using R software. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and the Hub genes were screened. The infiltration differences of 22 TIICs in OS samples and normal muscle tissue samples were analyzed using CIBERSORT. ROC curve, and OS survival analyses were performed on the Hub genes and 22 TIICs. The correlation between Hub genes with prognostic value and the 22 TIICs was discussed. ResultsTen Hub genes were screened. OS and normal muscle tissue samples were compared. Significant differences were observed in the infiltration of follicular helper T cells, resting NK cells, plasma cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, gamma delta T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages and resting dendritic cells (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the 10 hub genes was 0.9 ~ 1.0, and for naive B cells (AUC=0.942), plasma cells (AUC=0.999), follicular T helper cells (AUC=0.814), resting NK cells (AUC=0.864), monocytes (AUC=0.987), and M0 macrophages (AUC=0.995). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed positive correlation between the expression levels of TNNI2, TTN, ACTN3, TNNC2, MYL3, and survival of OS patients. Correlation analysis revealed close association between ACTN3, TNNI2, TNNC2, MYL3, TTN, and the infiltration of M0 macrophages and plasma cells. ConclusionOur findings provide a theoretical basis for further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying OS development and occurrence. It serves as a reference for the development of new diagnostics, identification of prognostic biomarkers, and targeted drug therapy for OS.
PolG&nbsp;Inhibits Glycolysis by Suppressing PKM2&nbsp;Phosphorylation Resulting Reduced Gastric Cancer Proliferation
Authors: Lv Mengzhu , Zhang Simeng , Dong Yuqing , Cao Liu , Guo Shu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. There is a critical need for the development of novel therapies in GC. DNA polymerase gamma (PolG) has been implicated in mitochondrial homeostasis and affects the development of a numerous of cancer types. However, its effects in GC and molecular mechanisms remain to be fully determined. Methods: GSE62254 dataset was used to predict the impact of PolG on prognostic valule in GC patients. Lentivirus-mediated transduction was used to silence PolG expression. Western blot analysis the knockdown effect. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism. Analysis of the glycolysis process in GC cells was also performed. Cell proliferation was determined using a CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) proliferation assay. Cell migration was detected using transwell method. Animal experiment was used to measure the In vivo xenograft tumor growth.Results: GC patients with low PolG expression have worse OS and pFS . PolG binds to PKM2 and affects the activation of the Tyr105 site phosphorylation, then interfering with the glycolysis of Gastric cancer cells. In vitro tumor formation experiments in mice also confirmed that PolG knockdown GC has stronger proliferation ability. PolG can suppress GC cells growth in both vivo and vitro.Conclusion: Our study reveals a potential molecular mechanism between PolG and the energy metabolic process of GC tumor cells, suggesting PolG as an independent novel potential therapeutic target for tumor therapy.
Cancer Exosome-derived Integrin α6&nbsp;and Integrin β4&nbsp;Promote Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Luo Tao , Huang Jiahao , Wu Changtao , Huang Qinghua , Zhong Huage , Qiu Guanhua , Liu Yan , Liu Junjie , Tang Weizhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains the major cause of the CRC mortality, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. In this study we investigated the role of cancer exosomes in CRC lung metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Expressions of Integrinα6 and Integrin β4 were examined in CRC cells as well as released exosomes. Co-culture assay with vascular endothelial cells was also analyzed.Results: We found that Integrin α6 and Integrin β4 are overexpressed in highly tumorigenic and metastatic CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620 and their secreted exosomes, compared to the low tumorigenic and non-metastatic CRC cell lines. Disruption of ITGA6 and ITGB4 expression in CRC decreased the proliferation and tubulogenic capacities of vascular endothelial cells significantly, while ectopic expression of ITGA6 and ITGB4 gave rise to opposite effects. Further more, we demonstrated that exosomal ITGA6 and ITGB4 promoted the lung metastasis of CRCs in vivo.Conclusions: Our study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of CRC metastasis by which CRC-derived exosomal ITGA6 and ITGB4 induce organotropism to the lung, leading to increased tubulogenic capacity and metastasis. It also reveals a biomarker-based prediction for CRC metastasis and a novel potential therapeutic targets for CRC.
A Rare Case of Coexistence of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser&nbsp;Syndrome
Authors: Ma Wanlu , Wang Xi , mao jiangfeng , Nie Min , Wu Xueyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital pituitary anatomical disorder. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital absence of the uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina in phenotypically normal 46, XX females. Case presentation A young woman was initially diagnosed as MRKH syndrome based on primary amenorrhea, 46, XX karyotype, and absence of uterus or vagina. Further investigation revealed breech delivery, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, interrupted pituitary stalk on pituitary MRI, which led to the diagnosis of PSIS. After a 12-month treatment with estradiol, no signs of uterus or vagina were found on pelvic computed tomography.Conclusions We highlight the importance of considering PSIS in the differential diagnosis of suspected MRKH syndrome in prepubertal girls or girls with delayed or absent puberty, when no uterus is visualized on imaging.
Intraoperative Ultrasound-assisted Treatment of Idiopathic Spontaneous Intramedullary Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Zhu Huiqin , Yu Mingxin , Yang Bo , Zhang Xianfeng , Wang Yubo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage is a rare clinical disease. No cases of intraoperative ultrasound-assisted treatment of the disease have been reported in the literature. To present a case of idiopathic spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage treated with intraoperative ultrasound and review the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Case presentation: An 11-year-old child was admitted to our department because of a sudden severe pain on the left side of her back. Magnetic resonance images of the thoracic vertebrae showed abnormal signals in T2-T3 and spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage was suspected. Intraoperative ultrasound-assisted evacuation of the intramedullary hematoma was performed and no abnormal blood vessels or malformations were found during intraoperative exploration.Conclusion: We report a rare case of idiopathic spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage with intraoperative ultrasound-assisted hematoma clearance and a good prognosis.
Feasibility Assessment of an 8-week Attention-based Training Programme in the Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria&nbsp;
Authors: Ridge Katie Elizabeth , Conlon Niall , Hennessy Martina , Dunne Pádraic J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a common disorder that is poorly understood and frequently misdiagnosed. Psychological difficulties are a significant factor in dermatological diseases and may also aggravate symptom burden. Mind-body interventions are used as a complementary approach to alleviate symptoms in chronic diseases and may represent a valuable non-pharmacological approach in CSU.Methods: We sought to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an 8-week Attention-based Training (ABT) programme, coupled to biofeedback technology for CSU. Through convergent interviews, we gathered information from individuals with urticaria about possible links between stress, mood and skin symptoms. Using these data, we recruited 12 participants to engage in an amended ABT programme for patients with CSU, comprising eight ninety minute sessions held weekly. Participants completed psychometric measures and measures of urticaria symptomatology prior to and after the intervention. Adherence to ABT practice was measured using individual Inner Balance devices which tracked heart rate variability. We completed qualitative interviews after the intervention to obtain feedback on participant experience of the programme. Results: Participants with CSU described how their psychological wellbeing can be linked to skin symptoms, poor sleep and difficulty concentrating. An amended ABT programme was found to be an acceptable component of care in the management of CSU. Retention of participants in the programme was challenging with 33% participants dropping out of the programme. For those who did complete the programme, adherence to ABT practice was impressive with 25% of participants exceeding weekly practice at week 8. A statistically significant fall in severity of urticaria symptomatology was observed upon completion of the intervention (x = 12.3 SD 3.3, p < 0.03). The most commonly cited barrier to implementation of the programme was the time commitment required.Conclusions: An ABT programme can be integrated into clinical care for CSU patients and is valued by individuals who take part. Further formal evaluation of ABT for CSU including the analysis of biochemical parameters is required to determine its role in the management of this distressing condition.
A Retrospective Study of CT-Guided Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) Ablation: Clinical Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Wang Ziyin , Lu Jian , Wei Huang , Wu Zhiyuan , Gong Ju , Wang Qingbing , Liu Qin , Wang Cangyi , Zhu Yu , Ding Xiaoyi , WANG Zhong-min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ablating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by irreversible electroporation (IRE). MethodsFifteen patients (19 lesions) with RCC who underwent IRE were retrospectively reviewed. Seven patients had solitary kidneys. Two lesions were located in the renal hilus. One patient had chronic renal insufficiency. Percutaneous biopsy for histopathology was performed. The best puncture path plan was evaluated before CT-guided IRE. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was compared vs baseline at 1-2 months after the ablation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging changes were evaluated immediately after IRE. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance was performed 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and every year thereafter. The complications after treatment were also reviewed. ResultsThe success rate of the procedure was 100%. The mean tumor size was 2.3 cm±1.1 cm (range: 1.1-4.5 cm), with an average score of 6.5 (range 4-9) per R.E.N.A.L. criteria (radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, and location relative to polar lines). Two cases (3 lesions) were punctured through the liver. In other cases, puncture was performed through the perirenal space. There were no severe complications in interventional therapy. Transient gross hematuria occurred in 2 patients (centrally located). Self-limiting perinephric hematomas occurred in 1 patient. Needle puncture path metastasis was found in 1 patient 2.5 years after IRE. The subcutaneous metastasis was surgically removed, and there was no evidence of recurrence. There was no significant change in eGFR levels in terms of short- term clinical outcomes (t=0.348, P=0.733). At 6 months, all 15 patients with imaging studies available had no evidence of recurrence. At 1 year, 1 patient (1 of 15) was noted to have experienced needle tract metastasis and accepted salvage radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy. ConclusionsIRE appears to be a safe and effective treatment for RCC that may offer a tissue-sparing method and complete ablation as an alternative therapy for RCC.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Continuation and Associated Factors Among Employed Women in North Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gebrekidan Kahsu , Hall Helen , Plummer Virginia , Fooladi Ensieh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundExclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can prevent up to 13% of under-five mortality in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa the rate of EBF at six months remains very low at 36%. Different types of factors such as maternal, family-related and work-related factors are responsible for the low rate of EBF among employed women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBF continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia. MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Employed women who had children between 6 months and 2 years were surveyed using multistage, convenient sampling. Women filled a paper-based validated questionnaire adopted from Breastfeeding and Employment Study toolkit. The questions were grouped into four parts of sociodemographic characteristics, maternal characteristics, family support and work-related factors. Factors associated with EBF continuation as a binary outcome (yes/no) were determined using multivariate logistic regression. ResultsFour-hundred and forty-nine women participated in this study with a mean (SD) age 30.4 (4.2) years. Two hundred and fifty-four (56.4%) participants exclusively breastfed their children for six months or more. The main reason for discontinuation of EBF was the requirement of women to return to paid employment (31.5%). Four-hundred and forty (98.2%) participants believed that breastfeeding has benefits either to the infant or to the mother. Three hundred and seventy-one (82.8%) of the participants received support from their family at home to assist with EBF most commonly from their husbands and mothers. Having family support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 2.1, 95%, CI 1.2-3.6; P = 0.005), having frequent breaks at work (AOR= 2.6, 95% CI, 1.4-4.8; P = 0.002) and the possibility of buying or borrowing required equipment for expressing breast milk (AOR= 1.7, 95% CI, 1.0-3.0; P = 0.033) were statistically associated with increasing chance of EBF. ConclusionAlthough returning to work was reported by the study participants as the main reason for discontinuation of EBF, families and managers’ support have significant roles in EBF continuation which in the absence of six-month maternal leave for employed women in Ethiopia would be of benefit to mothers and their child.
Serum Neurofilament Measurement Improves Clinical Risk Score for Outcome Prediction After Cardiac Arrest: Results of A Prospective Study
Authors: Hunziker Sabina , Quinto Adrian , Ramin-Wright Maja , Becker Christoph , Beck Katharina , Vincent Alessia , Tisljar Kai , Disanto Giulio , Benkert Pascal , Leppert David , Pargger Hans , Marsch Stephan , Sutter Raoul , Peters Nils , Kuhle Jens 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: A recent study found serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels to be strongly associated with poor neurological outcome in patients after cardiac arrest. Our aim was to confirm these findings in an independent validation study and to investigate whether NfL improves the prognostic value of two cardiac arrest risk scores.Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 164 consecutive adult cardiac arrest patients upon intensive care unit admission. We calculated two clinical risk scores (OHCA, CAHP) and measured NfL on admission using the single molecule array NF-light® assay. The primary endpoint was neurological outcome at hospital discharge assessed with the cerebral performance category (CPC) score.Results: Poor neurological outcome (CPC≥3) was found in 60% (98/164) of patients, and 55% (91/164) died. Compared to patients with favorable outcome, NfL was 14-times higher in patients with poor neurological outcome (685±1787 vs. 49±111pg/mL), with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.4 (95%CI 2.1 to 5.6, p<0.001) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82. Adding NfL to the clinical risk scores significantly improved discrimination of both the OHCA score (from AUC 0.82 to 0.89, p<0.001) and CAHP score (from AUC 0.89 to 0.92, p<0.05). Admission NfL showed better outcome prediction compared to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (AUC 0.84 vs.0.69, p=0.01).Conclusions: This study confirms the high performance of admission NfL alone and in combination with two clinical risk scores to prognosticate clinical outcome in patients after cardiac arrest. NfL should be considered as a standard laboratory measures in the evaluation of cardiac arrest patients.
Impact of Extended Duration of Polymyxin B-immobilized Fiber Column Direct Hemoperfusion on Hemodynamics, Vasoactive Substance Requirement, and Pulmonary Oxygenation in Patients With Sepsis: An Observational Study
Authors: Mitaka Chieko , Kusaoi Makio , Kawagoe Izumi , Satoh Daizoh , Iba Toshiaki , Ronco Claudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPolymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used for patients with septic shock, and the recommended hemoperfusion period is 2 h. However, it remains unclear whether the optimal duration is 2 h or longer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of PMX-DHP between conventional and longer duration of PMX-DHP.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 103 patients with sepsis who underwent PMX-DHP between April 2015 and March 2020. The demographic data, routine biochemistry, microbiological data, primary infection site were reviewed in the medical chart. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), respiratory rate, PaO2/FIO2, at baseline and day 3 were compared between the standard group (patients received 2 h of PMX-DHP) and extended group (patients received more than 2 h of PMX-DHP). Ventilator-free days, incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy, and 28-day mortality were also compared between the groups. ResultsMedian MAP was significantly lower and median VIS was significantly higher in the extended group at baseline (p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively) There were no significant differences in APACHE II score, SOFA score, and PaO2/FIO2 at baseline between the two groups. The increase of MAP and the decrease in VIS from baseline to day 3 were significantly greater in the extended group (p < 0.01, respectively). In the extended group, increase in PaO2/FIO2 was significantly larger in the patients who underwent ≥ 8 h duration than that in patients who underwent < 8 h duration (p < 0.01). The ventilator-free days, the incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy, and the 28-day mortality were not different between the groups.ConclusionsLonger duration of PMX-DHP effectively improved MAP and decreased the volume of vasoactive-inotropic agents compared with the conventional duration. Eight and longer hours duration of PMX-DHP improved the pulmonary oxygenation. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of longer duration of PMX-DHP in patients with septic shock. (329/350 limits)
Novel Few-shots Learning Neural Network for Predicting Carbohydrate-active Enzyme (CAZyme) Affinity Towards Fructo-oligosaccharides
Authors: Liu Shaoxun , Kou Yi , Chen Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The enzymatic activity of the microbiome toward carbohydrates in the human digestive system is of enormous health significance (Zou, Y., et al., 2019; Pinard, D., et al., 2015). Predicting how carbohydrates through food intake may affect the distribution and balance of gut microbiota remains a major challenge. Understanding the enzyme-substrate specificity relationship of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) encoded by the vast gut microbiome will be an important step to address this question. In this study, we seek to establish an in-silico approach to studying the enzyme-substrate binding interaction. Results: We focused on the key carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) and established a novel Poisson noise-based few-shots learning neural network (pFSLNN) for predicting the binding affinity of indigestible carbohydrates. This approach achieved higher accuracy than other classic FSLNNs, and we have also formulated new algorithms for feature generation using only a few amino acid sequences. Sliding bin regression is integrated with mRMR for feature selection. Conclusion: The resulting pFSLNN is an efficient model to predict the binding affinity between CAZyme and common oligosaccharides. This model can be potentially applied to binding affinity prediction of other protein-ligand interactions based on limited amino acid sequences.