bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s in a Name?
Authors: Matthews Samantha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Charles Lamb treated album verses as occasions for rethinking and recuperating human relationships in an alienating modern culture. Lamb uses the unpromising occasion of writing a poem for a stranger to meditate on ethical, formal, and affective questions raised by the album transaction. Lamb’s poems for strangers problematize female identity; they draw on gendered stereotypes or nominative determinism but suggest that names and albums are unreliable determinants of female identity. One such poem for a stranger was the primary evidence in critical debates triggered by Lamb’s collection Album Verses, with a Few Others (1830). The chapter shows why Lamb presented an aesthetic defence of this minor, occasional genre, resisting the aggressive masculinity of periodical reviewing, and affiliating himself instead with the marginal literary values of manuscript culture—the feminine, domestic, and juvenile.
The New Agnosticism
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
What is agnosticism? Is it compatible with a genuinely religious life? Here is a conventional answer to these questions: ‘Agnosticism is the view that we do not, and perhaps cannot, know whether God exists. Provided we think the epistemic probability of God’s existence is not negligible, engagement in religious discourse and practice is entirely rational’. Agnosticism so defined is quite different from fictionalism, which takes religious discourse to be fictional discourse, and religious practice a game of make-believe. Fictionalism, it seems, would have to offer a completely different justification for a religious life. This paper explores a hybrid between these positions, a hybrid that might be called ‘religious semantic agnosticism’, but which is perhaps more memorably called ‘New Agnosticism’. It is suggested that this hybrid position combines the advantages of both traditional agnosticism and fictionalism, but does not inherit their disadvantages.
Redeeming Agnosticism: Richard Kearney’s Anatheistic Wager
Authors: Collins Guy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores whether there is more to agnosticism than a failure to take a position. Philosophy and theology are often faced with an impossible choice between the Scylla of theism and the Charybdis of atheism. Concentrating on metaphysical and epistemological agnosticism rather than psychological agnosticism leads to an exploration of Richard Kearney’s anatheistic wager. Drawing deeply on continental philosophy, Kearney offers a way of drawing theism and atheism into a constructive dialogue. Kearney, it is argued, redeems agnosticism by presenting it as an essential truth about the nature of philosophical thought about the divine. Against the oppositional logic that contrasts theism and atheism, Kearney’s anatheism shows how both theism and atheism are necessary in the search for the divine. In contrast to the certainty of both new atheists and old fideists, Kearney’s anatheistic wager inscribes agnosticism at the heart of the quest for God.
Family Relics
Authors: James Alison 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 studies Marguerite Yourcenar’s distinctive synthesis of material mementos and personal recollections, historical documents and family relics. Yourcenar’s three-volume work Le Labyrinthe du monde (1974–1988) exemplifies a more general archival tendency in post-war autobiography; works by Perec, Barthes, and others also supplement personal testimony with documentary materials. Yourcenar’s trilogy marks a shift in her own practice from works that fictionalize history (Mémoires d’Hadrien, 1951), to a project that integrates “snippets of facts” within a factual composition. Yourcenar herself has a paradoxical place in this unusual autobiography, developing a family chronicle that attempts self-erasure even as it is organized around her relationship to the past. Developing a form of literary “necromancy,” Yourcenar’s writing mobilizes fictional devices to reanimate dead fragments of the past, while laying bare the work of research and reconstitution.
David Friedrich Strauß, Father of Unbelief
Authors: Beiser Frederick C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This book is an intellectual biography of one of the most controversial thinkers of nineteenth-century Germany: David Friedrich Strauß (1808–74). It examines Strauß’s intellectual development from his first work—Das Leben Jesu—to his last—Der alte und der neue Glaube. This is the first comprehensive study of all of Strauß’s most important theological and philosophical writings. It investigates in detail works that have been ignored or treated only superficially: the 1840 Die christliche Glaubenslehre, the 1864 Das Leben Jesu für das deutsche Volk, and the1865 Der Christus des Glaubens und der Jesus der Geschichte. It also examines many writings that have hitherto eluded scholarly attention, especially Strauß’s political writings. It also provides an account of Strauß’s early Tübingen lectures. This book is also a partial defense of Strauß as a philosopher. It argues that his biblical criticism did not presuppose the truth of any metaphysics but was only an application of the historical method. His method was essentially limited to an internal critique of the Bible and did not apply alien standards to it. Strauß’s theory of myth, which went through several formulations, was essentially an attempt to explain the social and cultural origin of religious belief. It did not hold that myths are fictions but only the expression of the values of a culture. The idea of a Volksgeist was not a metaphysical postulate but a heuristic maxim to investigate the social, political, and historical factors behind the formation of a religious belief. The book concludes with a chapter defending Strauß against his most eminent critics, Nietzsche, Treitschke, and Schweitzer.
The New and the Old Faith
Authors: Beiser Frederick C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chapter 15 is an examination of Strauß’s last philosophical writing, Der alte und der neue Glaube. This work was an attempt to work out a new humanism independent of religious belief. The chapter examines the various aspects of this new humanism: its cosmology, its ethics, and its politics. In this work, Strauß posed the provocative question whether his contemporaries were still Christians, and answered it in the negative. This chapter attempts to explain the reasoning behind Strauß’s answer. It ends with a brief characterization of Strauß’s politics: his conservative sentiments regarding political change, his fears of socialism, and his abiding belief in monarchy.
Performing Custom
Authors: Elsky Stephanie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the relationship between writing and authority within common law. It argues that Philip Sidney’s Old Arcadia reflects on debates about whether to codify England’s unwritten customs that were taking place during this period. He makes use of the tension those debates generate to explore the nature of Renaissance authorship. From the idea of unwritten custom, rooted in practice and performance rather than code and decree, Sidney develops an authorial persona that runs counter to our usual association of the Renaissance artist with loss and melancholy: the aporia or doubt that Sidney’s narrator creates throughout the prose romance and within its pastoral poetry allows him to construct a notion of authorship based on custom and rooted in a connection to an inaccessible past that, ironically, he has no desire to recuperate.
‘Bigness is the Enemy of Humanity’
Authors: Butler Lise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines Michael Young’s work as Head of the Labour Party Research Department between 1945 and 1951 in the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It outlines Young’s early life, discussing his close relationship with the philanthropists Dorothy and Leonard Elmhirst, his education at the progressive Dartington Hall School, and his work for the think tank Political and Economic Planning (PEP) in the 1930s and 1940s. The chapter discusses Young’s central role in PEP’s ‘Active Democracy’ project, which sought to examine citizens’ experience of local government, the social services, and the workplace from a psychological and sociological perspective. It also describes how Young actively sought to promote the social sciences in government, submitting a series of memoranda that called on the Labour Party to incorporate child psychology, industrial psychology, and psychologically informed understandings of urban planning into policy making, and recommended the creation of a Social Science Research Council. The chapter concludes by arguing that while many of Young’s ideas were overlooked by the Attlee government, the networks which he cultivated through the Labour Party and Political and Economic Planning were important to the development of British social science.
1834–1873: Becoming Women and Ogresses
Authors: Conley Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the Victorian period, the urge to match women accused of homicide to stereotypes grew stronger. This was a challenge, since at the same time the number of women tried for killing their own children was skyrocketing. Motherhood was the essential aspect of womanhood, yet the expectations seemed to be driving women to madness. The New Poor Law meant that deaths of children from neglect were being punished more severely while the injustice of the bastardy clause led to greater sympathy for unwed mothers who appeared in court. There was a huge increase in insanity verdicts. Women who killed someone other than their own child were often viewed through a prism created by fictional models as the press attempted to force the woman into an existing model.
British Ethnogenesis
Authors: Woolf Alex 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter will argue that the ethnogenesis of the Britons was a process which occurred within the Late Antique period. Whilst commentators from Gildas onwards imagined the Britons to have existed as an identifiable group from time immemorial, it is argued here that they arose out of a growing division between more and less Romanized groups within the British provinces, as changes in the way Rome managed its frontiers led to the emergence of semi-barbarian devolved polities close to the limes. It is further argued that it was against these groups in Britain, the cultural forebears of the Welsh, that the provincials of the south-east required aid from the Saxons. Essentialist ideas about ethnicity, from the time of Gildas onwards, have obscured this process.
British Imperialist and/or Avatar of Welshness?
Authors: Hall Edith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The WWI recruitment drive in Wales was extraordinarily successful. One strand in the propaganda that encouraged young Welsh men to enlist was the example of Caractacus, the ancient British leader who according to Tacitus had fought against the ancient Romans in Wales and, after capture, had delivered a defiant speech to the Emperor Claudius. Inaugurated by a stage play in Welsh by Beriah Gwynfe Evans, performed at a school in Abergele in 1904, there was an Edwardian craze in Wales for amateur theatrical performances by schoolchildren starring Caractacus. The trend was encouraged by the identification of Lloyd George with the ancient warrior, especially after his ‘People’s Budget’ had won the fervent support of the working classes. Once war was declared, the Caractacus performances in Wales became transparently connected with recruitment, morale, and fund-raising for the war effort. Small Welsh children across the class spectrum were still performing such plays while their elder brothers were dying in the trenches of France.
Civil Justice Reform
Authors: Jackson Rupert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This short chapter summarises the philosophy which underlies the package of reforms, for which I was responsible. Controlling costs in advance, either by ad hoc budgeting or by fixed costs for lower value cases was essential. So was the abolition of recoverable success fees and recoverable ATE insurance premiums, since these drove up litigation costs unacceptably. Another essential element of the reforms was increasing the range of methods available for funding litigation. This recommendation has led to an increase in the use of third party funding and the enactment regulations to permit damages based agreements (otherwise known as contingency fees). Those regulations have some technical defects, but there is now a report before the Ministry of Justice explaining how such defects should be put right, and it is hoped those recommendations will be carried forward by the Ministry of Justice.
Reflections from Former Masters of the Rolls on Managing Civil Justice
Authors: O’Regan Kate 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This edited conversation between Professor Kate O’Regan of the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights and Lord Neuberger and Lord Dyson reflects on their Lordships’ time as judges and Masters of the Rolls managing the civil justice system in England & Wales. Subjects include: the value of the overriding objective; whether procedural rules should be prescriptive or allow for judicial discretion; the costs and funding crisis facing the justice system, especially for those of limited means, including how legal disputes should be funded and who should be funding them; and how to balance the right to a fair trial with national security interests in a post-September 11 world.
Disclosure
Authors: Hollander Charles 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lord Woolf’s Access to Justice Report took the view that disproportionate litigation costs were spent on discovery. The CPR was intended to change that. This short chapter examines the experience of CPR 31 over 20 years and considers whether it would it have been better to retain in substance RSC ord 24 (as for example Hong Kong has done)? Taking the rules on pre-action disclosure, non-party disclosure and inadvertent disclosure of privileged documents as examples, it argues that the reforms have been largely unsuccessful, and that we should have retained the substance of the former rules. Broad discovery obligations do not necessarily lead to excessive courts.
The Long Struggle for Fixed Cost Reform
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The introduction of a fixed recoverable costs regime into English civil procedure was first recommended in the Woolf reforms. It was not however introduced in 1999 when the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) came into force. Since that time there have been repeated calls for the introduction of such a regime by the judiciary, not least Sir Rupert Jackson in his 2009 Costs Review and again in his 2017 Supplemental Report to his Costs Review. This chapter first considers the history of fixed recoverable cost reform. It then considers how, if implemented, such a regime could form the basis for an expansion of legal expenses insurance (LEI) and thus taken together the two could increase effective access to justice.
Alter Egos
Authors: Boggs Colleen Glenney 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The draft gave rise to a booming economy of substitute brokers. While the so-called principal and his “alter ego” could, in theory, enter into an economic relationship that affirmed novelistic structures of character and personification, the insertion of middlemen brokers disrupted that possibility and posed the threat of turning substitutes into commodities. Tracking the development of this draft economy, the chapter traces its theorizations in diaries, letters, and poems, as well as in the iconography of the new paper currency, the greenback dollar bill. The chapter focuses in particular on the work of Emily Dickinson, whose career-defining interest in economics, embodiment, and split subjectivity took on additional urgency when her brother Austin procured the services of a substitute who was most likely a formerly enslaved black man. Concerned about the ability of poetic substitution to be representative, Dickinson developed an affirmation of substitution that rejected its monetization.
Introduction
Authors: Belavusau Uladzislau , Gliszczyńska-Grabias Aleksandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This Introduction reflects on the significance of Wojciech Sadurski’s scholarship on comparative constitutionalism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It links his legacy to the rise of mnemonic constitutionalism in post-communist countries in CEE. The mushrooming of memory laws (various forms of—often nationalistic—governance of historical memory) in CEE has taken place in the context of the region’s democratic decline. Countries such as Hungary and Poland are currently in the epicentre of an EU backlash for violation of rule of law standards. The recent wave of memory laws in CEE goes to the heart of constitutional visions and should be analysed in conjunction with their specific historical and present socio-political context marking the rise of illiberal democracies. The wave of mnemonic constitutionalism in CEE fulfils a different self-exculpatory function in projecting a victimhood of states and serving as a shield and sword in the context of memory wars in CEE.
The Rise of Nationalist-Authoritarian Populism and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bugarič Bojan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The central argument of this chapter is that the rise of nationalist-populism in CCE is best explained by using a longue durée historical perspective. I argue that the past legacy of derailed attempts to institutionalize a modern form of liberal democracy in this region decisively contributed to the recent surge of nationalist-populism. Nevertheless, past legacies did not automatically translate into the populist surge. From this perspective, it is interesting to ask why the populists in CEE have been politically more successful in dismantling liberal democracy than their Western European counterparts. I argue that several factors have been at play, but that one of the key reasons contributing to the rise of populism in Hungary then Poland was the absence of credible liberal politico-economic alternatives, which turned out to play a crucial role in helping the populists to fill this political gap and successfully seize political power in Hungary and Poland.
On Legalism, Illiberal Takeover, and the Immune System of Constitutional Democracy
Authors: Mazmanyan Armen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter is about legalism and its influence on constitutionalism. It argues that legalism affects democracy and constitutionalism, making them weaker and prone to autocratic or populist hijacking. It distinguishes between two different legalisms: political legalism, or the legalism of the elites who abuse and manipulate law in the name of its letter, and mass, popular legalism which is spread deep in multiple layers of society. Legalism’s persistence in a society’s mindset is one, albeit important, factor making it prone to illiberal takeover. Populism is on the march throughout the world. In some societies, populism affects rhetoric, popular discourse, and sometimes policies, and in others it affects core institutions and the fundamental pillars of social engineering. If populism and its favourite weapon ‘autocratic legalism’ represent an infection, a virus, then the degree of mass legalism within a society represents the state of the immune system called to resist this virus.
Randomizing Development
Authors: Pritchett Lant 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An important argument for the increased use of randomized control trial methods in development is that the evidence from these studies will encourage the uptake of effective programs and projects (both through discouraging ineffective projects and improving design of new projects) and this will lead to reduced poverty and improved human well-being. However, cross-national evidence shows that the four-fold transformation of national development, to higher productivity economies, to more responsive states, the more capable organizations and administration and to more equal social treatment produces gains in poverty and human well-being that are orders of magnitude bigger than the best that can be hoped from better programs. Arguments that RCT research is a good (much less “best”) investment depend on both believing in an implausibly low likelihood that non-RCT research can improve progress national development and believing in an implausibly large likelihood that RCT evidence improves outcomes.
Reducing the Knowledge Gap in Global Health Delivery
Authors: Garchitorena Andres , Murray Megan B. , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany , Farmer Paul E. , Bonds Matthew H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Randomized control trials (RCTs) are considered to be the gold standard for impact evaluation in international development and they are associated with a new era of evidence-based global health policies. However, there are inherent challenges in using RCTs to answer some of the most important questions in global health: why, if solutions are known, affordable at scale, and supported by existing evidence, do hundreds of millions of people lack access to essential health services? A lack of clarity on appropriate research methods for strengthening health systems has corresponded to a lack of investment in more complex and adaptive systems of integrated care delivery. This chapter reviews the use of RCTs in global health, highlighting major contributions, and addressing some pressing priorities in implementation research at a time when the Sustainable Development Goals emphasize the importance of sector-wide approaches, such as integrated primary care and universal health coverage.
A Place Where Women Shine?
Authors: Emmott Bill 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gender inequality lies at the core of Japan’s human capital weakness as well as of its social ailments of declining marriage and low fertility. Prime Minister Abe Shinzo declared his ambition, soon after taking office in late 2012, of achieving much greater female empowerment. Progress has been made, notably in increased childcare provision, but considerable barriers remain. The human capital embodied in Japanese women has improved greatly thanks to the rise in access to university education for female students in the 1990s and 2000s, but this has not yet been translated into leadership roles in part because most organizations use hierarchies ordered strictly by age but also because corporate culture (in the private and public sectors alike) is oriented towards long working hours, enforced socializing, and short-notice job postings, in continued disregard of families and of the now-dominant double-earner households. More women are however fighting back against overt discrimination, the Abe government has introduced a Work-Style Reform Bill to combat long working hours, and more companies are taking the need for diversity seriously. Role models have emerged in a wide range of fields and soon a critical mass of women in decision-making positions will be achieved.
Meditating on the Meditations
Authors: Kukkonen Taneli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A common thread runs through Descartes’ First Meditation, the opening part of Teresa of Ávila’s Interior Castle, and al-Ghazālī’s intellectual autobiography The Deliverer from Error. For spiritual and intellectual progress to occur, each of these authors concurs, one must first divest oneself of previously held certainties, even though evil deceivers will try to assault and halt this process. But what could explain the similarities between the three presentations? And are there philosophical lessons to draw from such comparisons, or are al-Ghazālī’s and Teresa’s meditations destined to remain curiosities and marginal as compared to Descartes’? In this article, I show how al-Ghazālī’s use of the same trope twice can point to a fresh consideration of the relation between Teresa and Descartes.