bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling water fluxes through containerized soilless substrates using HYDRUS
Authors: Fields Jeb S. , Owen James S. , Stewart Ryan D. , Heitman Josh L. , Caron Jean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContainerized crop production can enhance plant health and ensure environmental sustainability, yet proper management requires improved understanding of water fluxes and storage within soilless substrates. Numerical simulation tools developed to simulate water movement in porous media, such as HYDRUS‐3D, may help to quantify effective hydraulic properties of soilless substrates but have not yet been tested in this capacity. Therefore, this study had three main objectives: (a) to assess the accuracy of HYDRUS‐3D for simulating water flow through peat‐ and bark‐based soilless substrates by comparing measured and modeled drainage and water storage; (b) to determine sensitivity of model outputs to individual hydraulic parameters; and (c) to compare model parameterization using three laboratory characterization methods (instantaneous profile sorption, instantaneous profile desorption, and evaporation) vs. inverse modeling with HYDRUS. The results showed that the modeled water contents and drainage timing and amounts were most sensitive to saturated volumetric water content (θs) and least sensitive to saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). With regard to parameterization methods, the inverse modeling approach provided the most accurate water balance simulations for both substrates, followed by the sorption method. These two methods estimated lower peak water contents and greater drainage compared with simulations parameterized using desorption and evaporation measurements. Overall, the study results showed that the Richards equation, as calculated using HYDRUS, can provide accurate simulations of water flux through containers when properly calibrated, though sorption‐derived parameters may suffice when model optimization is impractical.
Effect of Surgical Approach on Node Harvest in Gastrectomy: Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Watson Michael D. , Trufan Sally , Benbow Jennifer H. , Gower Nicole L. , Hill Joshua S. , Salo Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrectomy is the cornerstone of treatment for gastric cancer. Recent studies demonstrated significant surgical outcome advantages for patients undergoing minimally invasive versus open gastrectomy. Lymph node harvest is an indicator of adequate surgical resection, and greater harvest is associated with improved staging and patient outcomes. This study evaluated lymph node harvest based on surgical approach.MethodsGastric adenocarcinoma patients were identified from NCDB who underwent gastrectomy between 2010 and 2016. Patients were classified by surgical approach into three cohorts: robotic, laparoscopic, or open gastrectomy. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Lymph node harvest was compared with univariate analysis and multivariable generalized linear mixed model. Univariate analysis with propensity matching was also performed to control for differences in patient population across cohorts.ResultsWe identified 10,690 patients that underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma, with 68% males and median age of 66 (IQR 5774) years. 7161 (67%) underwent open, 2841 (26.6%) laparoscopic, and 688 (6.4%) robotic gastrectomy. Multivariable analysis revealed robotic was associated with a significantly higher median node harvest (18, IQR 1326) compared to laparoscopic (17, IQR 1125) and open gastrectomy (16, IQR 1023). Laparoscopic was also associated with significantly higher node harvest then open gastrectomy. Propensity‐matched analysis (6950 patients) showed robotic gastrectomy was still associated with significantly higher node harvest (18, IQR 1226) compared to laparoscopic (17, IQR 1125) and open (17, IQR 1124); however, laparoscopic and open were not significantly different.ConclusionRobotic approach is associated with increased node harvest compared to laparoscopic and open approach in gastrectomy patients.
Structural style and neotectonic activity along the Harz Boundary Fault, northern Germany: a multimethod approach integrating geophysics, outcrop data and numerical simulations
Authors: Müller Katharina , Polom Ulrich , Winsemann Jutta , Steffen Holger , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Günther Thomas , Igel Jan , Spies Thomas , Lege Thomas , Frechen Manfred , Franzke Hans-Joachim , Brandes Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present new evidence for neotectonic activity along the Harz Boundary Fault, a Cretaceous reverse fault that represents a key structure in northern Germany. For the fault analysis, we use a multimethod approach, integrating outcrop data, luminescene dating, shear wave seismics, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and numerical simulations. A recent sinkhole at the SSW-ward dipping and WNW–ESE striking Harz Boundary Fault exposes a NNE-ward dipping and WNW–ESE striking planar fault surface that cuts through unconsolidated debris-flow deposits thus pointing to young Lateglacial tectonic activity. The fault shows a polyphase evolution with initial normal fault movement and a later reactivation as an oblique fault with reverse and strike-slip components. A shear wave seismic profile was acquired to analyse the geometry of the fault and show that the Harz Boundary Fault is steeply dipping and likely has branches. Partly, these branches propagate into overlying alluvial-fan deposits that are probably Pleniglacial to Lateglacial in age. The outcrop data in combination with the seismic data give evidence for a splay fault system with steep back-thrusts. One of these back-thrusts is most likely the NNE-ward dipping fault that is exposed in the sinkhole. The lateral extent of the fault was mapped with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles. The timing of fault movement was estimated based on optically stimulated luminescence dating of the faulted debris-flow deposits using both quartz and feldspar minerals. Consistent feldspar and quartz ages indicate a good bleaching of the sediment prior to deposition. The results imply fault movements post-dating ~ 15 ka. Numerical simulations of glacio isostatic adjustment (GIA)-related changes in the Coulomb failure stress regime at the Harz Boundary Fault underpin the assumption that the fault was reactivated during the Lateglacial due to stress changes induced by the decay of the Late Pleistocene (Weichselian) Fennoscandian ice sheet.
Multimodal data indicators for capturing cognitive, motivational, and emotional learning processes: A systematic literature review
Authors: Noroozi Omid , Pijeira-Díaz Héctor J. , Sobocinski Marta , Dindar Muhterem , Järvelä Sanna , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis systematic review on data modalities synthesises the research findings in terms of how to optimally use and combine such modalities when investigating cognitive, motivational, and emotional learning processes. ERIC, WoS, and ScienceDirect databases were searched with specific keywords and inclusion criteria for research on data modalities, resulting in 207 relevant publications. We provide findings in terms of target journal, country, subject, participant characteristics, educational level, foci, type of data modality, research method, type of learning, learning setting, and modalities used to study the different foci. In total, 18 data modalities were classified. For the 207 multimodal publications, 721 occurrences of modalities were observed. The most popular modality was interview followed by survey and observation. The least common modalities were heart rate variability, facial expression recognition, and screen recording. From the 207 publications, 98 focused exclusively on the cognitive aspects of learning, followed by 27 publications that only focused on motivation, while only five publications exclusively focused on emotional aspects. Only 10 publications focused on a combination of cognitive, motivational, and emotional aspects of learning. Our results plea for the increased use of objective measures, highlight the need for triangulation of objective and subjective data, and demand for more research on combining various aspects of learning. Further, rather than researching cognitive, motivational, and emotional aspects of learning separately, we encourage scholars to tap into multiple learning processes with multimodal data to derive a more comprehensive view on the phenomenon of learning.
PM2.5 and ultrafine particles in passenger car cabins in Sweden and northern China—the influence of filter age and pre-ionization
Authors: Wei Dixin , Nielsen Filip , Ekberg Lars , Löfvendahl Anders , Bernander Maria , Dalenbäck Jan-Olof 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe main aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of filter status (new and aged), pre-ionization, on the particle filtration in modern passenger cars. Measurements of in-cabin and outside PM2.5 (dp < 2.5 μm) concentration and UFP (ultrafine particle, dp < 100 nm) counts, to calculate I/O (indoor to outdoor) ratios, were performed. They were done at two locations, to study the influence of different outside conditions on the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system. The measurements were performed in two new cars, with similar HVAC systems and settings, using a new filter and an aged synthetic filter. Furthermore, an ionization unit was installed upstream of the filter in both cars. This enabled the study of filter status, with and without ionization, under common driving conditions. The results show that the HVAC system performances were very similar at the two locations, with average I/O ratios of 0.35–0.40 without ionization and 0.15–0.20 with ionization applied, although the outside conditions were considerably different. Furthermore, the aged filter clearly worsened the filtration ability. Considering the corresponding average PM2.5 I/O ratios in one location as an example, the average for the new filter was 0.20 and 0.60 for the aged filter. The corresponding UFP I/O ratios were 0.24 and 0.57. Other findings are that the aged filter with ionization reached a performance close to the new filter (without ionization), and that increased ventilation airflow and decreased recirculation degree, as expected, led to an increase in the I/O ratio for both particle sizes.
Using SXRR to Probe the Nature of Discontinuities in SLM Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Specimens
Authors: Laquai René , Müller Bernd R. , Schneider Judith A. , Kupsch Andreas , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) to fabricate robust structural components relies on understanding the nature of internal anomalies or discontinuities, which can compromise the structural integrity. While some discontinuities in AM microstructures stem from similar mechanisms as observed in more traditional processes such as casting, others are unique to the AM process. Discontinuities in AM are challenging to detect, due to their submicron size and orientation dependency. Toward the goal of improving structural integrity, minimizing discontinuities in an AM build requires an understanding of the mechanisms of formation to mitigate their occurrence. This study utilizes various techniques to evaluate the shape, size, nature and distribution of discontinuities in AM Inconel 718, in a non-hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) as-built, non-HIPed and direct age, and HIPed with two step age samples. Non-destructive synchrotron radiation refraction and transmission radiography (SXRR) provides additional information beyond that obtained with destructive optical microscopy. SXRR was able to distinguish between voids, cracks and lack of melt in, due to its sensitivity to the orientation of the discontinuity.
Prevention is better than cure: effects of errors on memory performance during spatial learning in healthy aging
Authors: Scheper Inge , Brazil Inti A. , de Bruijn Ellen R. A. , Mulder-Hanekamp Larissa , Kessels Roy P. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Healthy aging is accompanied by a decline in learning ability and memory capacity. One widely-studied method to improve learning outcome is by reducing the occurrence of errors during learning (errorless learning; EL). However, there is also evidence that committing errors during learning (trial-and-error learning; TEL) may benefit memory performance. We argue that these inconsistent findings could be driven by a lack of control over the error frequency in traditional EL and TEL paradigms.

Aim
This study employed a spatial learning task to study EL and TEL and to determine the impact of error frequency on memory recall in healthy older adults (OA; N = 68) and young adults (YA; N = 60).

Method
Four groups of participants (YA-EL, YA-TEL, OA-EL, OA-TEL) were instructed to first place and memorize the locations of everyday objects in a chest of drawers presented on a computer screen, and in whom memory recall performance was later tested. In the TEL condition, the amount of errors made before the correct drawer was ‘found’ was predetermined, varying from 0 to 5. During the EL condition, every first attempt was correct (i.e., no errors were made).

Results
We found better overall performance in YA compared to OA and a beneficial effect of EL in both age groups. However, the amount of errors committed during learning did not influence accuracy of memory recall.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that elimination of errors during learning can benefit memory performance in both YA and OA compared to TEL.
The transformation of values into prices on the basis of random systems revisited: reply to my commentators
Authors: Schefold Bertram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper defends The Transformation of Values into Prices on the Basis of Random Systems, published in EIER, by answering to the Comments made in the same journal by Professors Mori, Morioka and Yamazaki. The clarifications mainly concern the justification of the randomness assumptions, the conditions needed to obtain the equality of total profit with total surplus value in the simplified one-industry system and the invariance of the results to changes in the units of measurement.
Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model
Authors: Danielak Dorota , Romański Michał , Kasprzyk Anna , Teżyk Artur , Główka Franciszek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Efficacy of treosulfan, used in the treatment of marrow disorders, depends on the activity of its monoepoxy—(EBDM) and diepoxy compounds. The study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of treosulfan and EBDM in the rat plasma and brain by means of mixed-effects modelling.

Methods
The study had a one-animal-per-sample design and included ninty-six 10-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes. Treosulfan and EBDM concentrations in the brain and plasma were measured by an HPLC–MS/MS method. The population pharmacokinetic model was established in NONMEM software with a first-order estimation method with interaction.

Results
One-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described changes in the concentrations of treosulfan in plasma, and EBDM concentrations in plasma and in the brain. Treosulfan concentrations in the brain followed a two-compartment model. Both treosulfan and EBDM poorly penetrated the blood–brain barrier (ratio of influx and efflux clearances through the blood–brain barrier was 0.120 and 0.317 for treosulfan and EBDM, respectively). Treosulfan plasma clearance was significantly lower in male rats than in females (0.273 L/h/kg vs 0.419 L/h/kg).

Conclusions
The developed population pharmacokinetic model is the first that allows the prediction of treosulfan and EBDM concentrations in rat plasma and brain. These results provide directions for future studies on treosulfan regarding the contribution of transport proteins or the development of a physiological-based model.
Epidemiological profile and hospitalization data of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Brandão Raphael Guilherme D'Angelis , Bezerra Palloma de Sá Antunes , Maciel Lucas Guimarães , Brito Walner Jorge , Júnior Paulo Martins Reis , Bitencourt Evandro Leite 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective This study's objective was to understand the epidemiologic profile of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the state of Tocantins, Brazil.
Methods This is a descriptive study of secondary data, which was gathered by using the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Health System, and it corresponds to the cases registered from January of 2010 to December of 2017. The data of interest were those related to the total number of admissions, age range, gender, ethnicity, city of hospitalization, and type of care.
Results There were 340 hospital admissions due to inflammatory bowel diseases in Tocantins, of which 204 (60%) were female patients and 136 (40%), male patients; the predominant age group was between 20 and 59 years old (65.88%). These hospitalizations lasted an average of 4.7 days and 98.23% of them occurred as a matter of urgency.
Conclusion The study demonstrated that the epidemiological profile of the inflammatory bowel disease in the state of Tocantins consists of female patients, aged between 20 and 59 years, with hospitalizations lasting 4.7 days and mainly urgent, demonstrating that it is necessary to implement screening measures in order to make the diagnosis earlier, thus preventing possible complications.
Changes in Precipitation From North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Under RCP Scenarios in the Variable‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Stansfield Alyssa M. , Reed Kevin A. , Zarzycki Colin M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecreasing climate models' grid spacing improves the representation of tropical cyclones at decadal time scales. In this study, a variable‐resolution (VR) version of the Community Atmosphere Model 5 (CAM5‐VR) is utilized to study North Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology in ensemble historical climate simulations and under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) projections (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Basin‐wide tropical cyclone counts decrease in the RCP simulations, although landfalling storm counts do not show as straightforward of a pattern, especially when focusing on regional changes. Lifetime maximum intensity metrics suggest that tropical cyclones increase in strength in the RCP ensembles. However, despite increases in tropical cyclone‐related precipitation rates and the amount of precipitation produced per storm with warming, the annual average Rx5day from tropical cyclones over the eastern United States decreases due to less landfalling storms. This work is part of a continued effort to quantify how tropical cyclone‐induced hazards may change in future climates.
East Asian Precipitation δ18O Relationship With Various Monsoon Indices
Authors: Wang Yingzhao , Hu Chaoyong , Ruan Jiaoyang , Johnson Kathleen R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChinese speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) variations have been widely interpreted as recording the evolution of the Asian Monsoon. However, calibration of δ18O to monsoon intensity has not yet been carried out in a quantitative way. To understand the climatic significance of δ18O, we measured monthly precipitation δ18O data at Heshang Cave, China, where speleothem δ18O records were previously obtained. We examined the influence of local climate and large‐scale atmospheric circulation on the δ18O by correlating to local meteorological data and various monsoon indices. We find neither a significant amount effect nor temperature effect, and therefore suggest that local climate is not the primary driver of δ18O variability. On seasonal timescales, monthly δ18O is significantly correlated to all monsoon indices, especially the Indian Monsoon (IM) and Western North Pacific Monsoon (WNPM) indices, proving δ18O responds dominantly to the tropical monsoon circulation. On interannual timescales, there are significant negative correlations between annual δ18O and the WNPM and IM monsoon indices defined by zonal winds, reflecting the impact of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on δ18O. Similar correlations between δ18O and precipitation amount in these monsoon regions lend further support to this finding. As the driving force of seasonal and interannual monsoon changes can be compared to variations on orbital and suborbital scales, respectively, we argue that speleothem δ18O in southern China is influenced by both external forcing and internal variability. Solar radiation plays an indispensable role on the orbital and seasonal scale δ18O variations, whereas ocean–atmosphere interactions are dominant on suborbital timescales.
A Late Eocene‐Oligocene Through‐Flowing River Between the Upper Yangtze and South China Sea
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Carter Andrew , Wysocka Anna , Van Hoang Long , Zheng Hongbo , Neubeck Nikki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe test the hypothesis of a major Paleogene river draining the SE Tibetan Plateau and the central modern Yangtze Basin that then flowed south to the South China Sea. We test this model using U‐Pb dated detrital zircon grains preserved in Paleogene sedimentary rocks in northern Vietnam and SW China. We applied a series of statistical tests to compare the U‐Pb age spectra of the rocks in order to highlight differences and similarities between them and with potential source bedrocks. Monte Carlo mixing models imply that erosion was dominantly derived from the Indochina and Songpan‐Garzê Blocks and to a lesser extent the Yangtze Craton. Some of the zircon populations indicate local erosion and sedimentation, but others show close similarity both within northern Vietnam, as well as more widely in the Eocene Jianchuan, Paleocene‐Oligocene Simao, and Oligocene‐Miocene Yuanjiang basins of China. The presence of younger (<200 Ma) zircons from the Qamdo Block of Tibet is less easily explicable in terms of recycling by erosion of older sedimentary rocks and implies a regional drainage linking SE Tibet and the South China Sea in the Late Eocene‐Oligocene. Detrital zircons from offshore in the South China Sea showed initial local erosion, but with a connection to a river stretching to SE Tibet in the Late Oligocene. A change from regional to local sources in the Early Miocene in the Yuanjiang Basin indicates the timing of disruption of the old drainage driven by regional plateau uplift.
What can Hydrography Tell Us About the Strength of the Nordic Seas MOC Over the Last 70 to 100 Years?
Authors: Rossby T. , Chafik Léon , Houpert Loïc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe flow of warm water into the Nordic Seas plays an important role for the mild climate of central and northern Europe. Here we estimate the stability of this flow thanks to the extensive hydrographic record that dates back to the early 1900s. Using all casts in two areas with little mean flow just south and north of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge that bracket the two main inflow branches, we find a well‐defined approximately ±0.5 Sv volume transport (and a corresponding ±30 TW heat flux) variation in synchrony with the Atlantic multidecadal variability that peaked most recently around 2010 and is now trending down. No evidence is found for a long‐term trend in transport over the last 70 to 100 years.