bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective S−H Insertion Reactions of α‐Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Momo Patrícia B. , Leveille Alexandria N. , Farrar Elliot H. E. , Grayson Matthew N. , Mattson Anita E. , Burtoloso Antonio C. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe first example of enantioselective S−H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides is reported. Under the influence of thiourea catalysis, excellent levels of enantiocontrol (up to 95 % ee) and yields (up to 97 %) are achieved for 31 examples in S−H insertion reactions of aryl thiols and α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides.
Double‐stranded RNAs targeting inhibitor of apoptosis gene show no significant cross‐species activity
Authors: Chereddy Shankar C. R. R. , Gurusamy Dhandapani , Howell Jeffrey L. , Palli Subba R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has become an integral part of mainstream research due to its versatility and ease of use. However, the potential nontarget effects associated with double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNA) are poorly understood. To explore this, we used dsRNAs targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene from nine insect species and assayed their possible nontarget effects. For each assay, we used a control (dsRNA targeting the gene coding for green fluorescent protein, GFP) and a species‐specific dsRNA targeting nine iap genes in insect species to evaluate target gene knockdown efficiency, apoptosis phenotype in cells and mortality in insects. Our results revealed that dsIAP efficiently knocks down iap gene expression and induces apoptosis phenotype and mortality in target insect species. In contrast, no significant knockdown of the iap gene expression, apoptosis phenotypes, or mortality were detected in cell lines developed from nontarget insects or nontarget insects treated with dsIAPs. Interestingly, even among closely related insects such as stink bugs, Nezara viridula, Halyomorpha halys, and Murgantia histrionica, with substantial sequence similarity among iap genes from these insects, no significant nontarget effects of dsIAP were observed under the conditions tested. These data demonstrate no significant nontarget effects for dsIAPs and suggest that the threat of nontarget effects of RNAi technology may not be substantial.
Recent Advances in Noble‐Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Xiang Zhongyuan , Li Lihong , Wang Ying , Song Yanlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmmonia is an essential chemical for producing fertilizers and energy carriers. However, the industrial Haber–Bosch process causes huge CO2 emissions and energy waste. As a promising alternative for Haber‐Bosch process, electrochemical synthesis of ammonia has drawn much attention. Catalysts, as a vital part of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), have developed rapidly in recent years. Compared to noble‐metal catalysts, noble‐metal‐free catalysts possess a low‐cost advantage. In this review, noble‐metal‐free catalysts, including metal‐based materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, and metal‐free materials, are summarized. In addition, effective design strategies are discussed, along with the main problems and some potential directions of noble‐metal‐free NRR catalysts.
Effects of Mn‐doping on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Na3Ni2SbO6 for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Kee Yongho , Put Brecht , Dimov Nikolay , Staykov Aleksandar , Okada Shigeto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Shigeto Okada. The cover picture shows 2 kinds of synthesized Mn‐doped Na3Ni2−xMnxSbO6 layered oxide cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries. The heavily doped (x=0.5) sample in the right side suffers from large polarization, corresponding to the reduced two‐phase reaction range and a large volume change of the unit cell upon sodium extraction. On the other hand, the lightly Mn‐doped (x=0.25) sample in the left side shows enhanced O’3–P’3 phase transition kinetics due to the smaller volume change of the unit cell. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.201900166.
Fundamental review of organosolv pretreatment and its challenges in emerging consolidated bioprocessing
Authors: Wei Kit Chin Danny , Lim Steven , Pang Yean Ling , Lam Man Kee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable source of bioenergy. However, its intertwined structures prevent the embedded cellulose and hemicellulose from undergoing further chemical transformations. Organosolv pretreatment has been known to be effective in reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. It possesses advantages in the recovery of components and the recovered components such as cellulose can be converted into bioproducts through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). The main objective of this paper is to review recent developments in organosolv pretreatment, including a comparison of different organic solvents and their optimum operation conditions in terms of pretreatment performance and efficiency. Conventional solvents were also compared with several emerging solvents to discover more potential utilization of organosolv pretreatment. This paper also reviewed fundamental knowledge regarding organosolv pretreatment such as its mechanism, and the chemical and physical properties of the solvents, which are still rarely discussed in the literature due to a lack of conclusive information. The challenges and way forward for organosolv pretreatment were also analyzed in depth to consider the synergistic advantages after the integration of organosolv pretreatment into CBP. It is believed that, through more fundamental exploration and optimization work, organosolv pretreatment can play a vital role in determining the sustainability of CBP, to pave the way for more efficient bioprocessing in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of Vitamin D‐fortified food on glycemic indices
Authors: Emadzadeh Maryam , Sahebi Reza , Khedmatgozar Hamed , Sadeghi Ramin , Farjami Mahsa , Sharifan Payam , Ravanshad Yalda , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSome reports indicated that Vitamin D may improve glycaemia indices in diabetic patients. The aim of this systematic and meta‐analysis was to evaluate effects of Vitamin D fortification on indices of glycemic control. Six databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched, for randomized controlled trials that were published up to September 2018 and that compared the effect of Vitamin D‐fortified food versus regular diet in relation to glycemic control. Of the 4,379 studies originally found, 11 articles remained to be assessed for meta‐analysis. Vitamin D fortification was associated with a significant improvement in fasting serum glucose (mean difference [MD]: −2.772; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.435 to −0.109) and fasting serum insulin (MD: −2.937; 95% CI: −4.695 to −1.178) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A diet with food enriched with Vitamin D was associated with a significant improvement in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (MD: −1.608; 95% CI: −3.138 to −0.079) but was not associated with a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1C (MD: 0.034; 95% CI: −0.655 to 0.069). This meta‐analysis indicates that Vitamin D fortification improves indices of glycemic control. Hence, food fortified with Vitamin D may be of potential therapeutic value in diabetic patients, as an adjuvant therapy.
Injectable and moldable hydrogels for use in sensitive and wide range strain sensing applications
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Mieles Matthew , Ji Hai‐Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, the use of hybrid double network (DN) hydrogels has become prominent due to their enhanced mechanical properties, which has opened the door for new applications of these soft materials. Only a few of these gels have demonstrated both injectable and moldable capabilities. In this work, we report the mechanical properties, gauge factor (GF) values and demonstrate both the injectability and moldability of a gelatin/polyacrylamide DN hydrogel. We optimized several parameters, such as, gelatin to polyacrylamide ratio, reactant concentrations and metal ion concentration, to produce a gelatin/polyacrylamide hydrogel with superior mechanical properties. The highest water content gel was capable of withstanding strains of 5000% before failure. These gels were facilely injected into molds where they effectively changed shape and maintained similar properties prior to remolding. When 20 mM calcium was doped into a similar gel, a tensile strength of 1.71 MPa was achieved. Aside from improving the mechanical properties of the gels, both Ca2+ and Mg2+ also improved their conductivity, so they were tested for use as strain sensors. The sensitivity of the hydrogel strain sensors were measured using the GF. For the 20 mM Ca2+ hydrogel, these GF values ranged from 1.63 to 6.85 for strains of 100% to 2100% respectively. Additionally, the sensors showed good stability over continuous cyclic stretching, demonstrating their long term reliability for strain sensing.
Barriers to the circular economy in European small and medium‐sized firms
Authors: García‐Quevedo Jose , Jové‐Llopis Elisenda , Martínez‐Ros Ester 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe concept of the circular economy (CE) is currently gaining impetus as a way to move towards sustainable, low‐carbon, resource‐efficient, and competitive economies. However, despite the potential benefits of CE activities, their implementation remains relatively rare. We use a cross‐sectional survey of European small and medium‐sized firms (SMEs) to identify the main barriers firms face to promote the CE, focusing specifically on the following: those related to a lack of resources (human and financial) and capabilities (expertise) and those related to the regulatory framework (administrative procedures and the costs of meeting the regulations). Our results indicate that it is the complexity of administrative/legal procedures and the costs of meeting regulations/legal standards that constitute the most significant barriers, whereas the lack of human resources is also perceived to be an obstacle by firms engaged in CE activities. Those obstacles may be considered revealed barriers, and it is only when the firms become involved in these activities that they actually perceive them. Furthermore, when we consider the breadth of CE activities, administrative procedures and regulations once again emerge as the most significant obstacles. Finally, we stress the need to distinguish between different CE activities given that the perception of barriers differs substantially across these activities. Firms undertaking a disruptive innovation redesigning products and services to minimize the use of materials are more likely to perceive all barriers as important. However, firms implementing such activities as minimizing waste, replanning energy usage, and using renewable energy only perceive those obstacles related to administrative procedures and regulations.
Genome analysis of peeling archival cytology samples detects driver mutations in lung cancer
Authors: Kunimasa Kei , Hirotsu Yosuke , Amemiya Kenji , Nagakubo Yuki , Goto Taichiro , Miyashita Yoshihiro , Kakizaki Yumiko , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Otake Sotaro , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Higuchi Rumi , Inomata Kie , Kumagai Takashi , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Nakamura Harumi , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi , Nishino Kazumi , Imamura Fumio , Kumagai Toru , Oyama Toshio , Omata Masao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionsWhen tumor tissue samples are unavailable to search for actionable driver mutations, archival cytology samples can be useful. We investigate whether archival cytology samples can yield reliable genomic information compared to corresponding formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.Patients and MethodsPretreatment class V archival cytology samples with adequate tumor cells were selected from 172 lung cancer patients. The genomic profiles of the primary lung tumors have been analyzed through whole‐exome regions of 53 genes. We compared the genomic profiles based on the oncogenicity and variant allele frequency (VAF) between the archival cytology and the corresponding primary tumors. We also analyzed the genomic profiles of serial cytological samples during the treatment of EGFR‐TKI.ResultsA total of 43 patients were analyzed with the paired samples for DNA mutations and other three patients were analyzed for their fusion genes. A total of 672 mutations were detected. Of those, 106 mutations (15.8%) were shared with both samples. Sixty of seventy‐seven (77.9%) shared mutations were oncogenic or likely oncogenic mutations with VAF ≧10%. As high as 90% (9/10) actionable driver mutations and ALK and ROS1 fusion genes were successfully detected from archival cytology samples. Sequential analysis revealed the dynamic changes in EGFR‐TKI‐resistant mutation (EGFR p.T790M) during the course of treatment.ConclusionArchival cytology sample with adequate tumor cells can yield genetic information compared to the primary tumors. If tumor tissue samples are unavailable, we can use archival cytology samples to search for actionable driver mutations.
Production of the Inaccessible Sesquiterpene (−)‐5‐Epieremophilene by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Luo Liu‐Qiong , Chen Yue‐Gui , Li De‐Sen , Liu Yan , Li Sheng‐Hong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract(−)‐5‐Epieremophilene, an epimer of the versatile sesquiterpene (+)‐valencene, is an inaccessible natural product catalyzed by three sesquiterpene synthases (SmSTPSs1‐3) of the Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, and its biological activity remains less explored. In this study, three metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains were constructed for (−)‐5‐epieremophilene production with yields of 42.4–76.0 mg/L in shake‐flask culture. Introducing an additional copy of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) gene through fusion expression of SmSTPS1‐FDPS or dividing the FDP synthetic pathway into two modules resulted in significantly improved production, and ultimately 250 mg of (−)‐5‐epieremophilene were achieved. Biological assay indicated that (−)‐5‐epieremophilene showed significant antifeedant activity against Helicoverpa armigera (EC50=1.25 μg/cm2), a common pest of S. miltiorrhiza, implying its potential defensive role in the plant. The results provided an ideal material supply for studying other potential biological activities of (−)‐5‐epieremophilene, and also a strategy for manipulating terpene production in engineered E. coli using synthetic biology.
Simultaneous occurrence of triple teeth and double teeth in primary dentition: A rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lagarde Marianne , Bonnet Anne‐Laure , Douangmala Nina , Traing Marina , Dursun Elisabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the case of a 3‐year‐old male patient with triple teeth in the right maxillary incisor region and double teeth in the left mandibular incisor region. He had pre‐existing medical conditions. The triple teeth were extracted and examined using micro‐computed tomography. A literature review was performed to discuss this abnormality.
Coronary pseudoaneurysm 1 week after complex percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Namazi Mohammad Hasan , Khani Mohammad , Faghihi Langroudi Taraneh , Abedi Fatemeh , Tabary Mohammadreza , Khaheshi Isa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPseudoaneurysm formation is a rare complication after complex PCI with drug‐eluting stents. Cardiologists and interventionist should be familiar with this rare complication after PCI and its management options.
Highly Graphitized Porous Carbon‐FeNi3 Fabricated from Oleic Acid for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Lin , Huang Liwu , Chen Guojie , Zhang Xinlin , Chen Yungui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImproving the electrical conductivity of sulfur, suppressing shuttle/dissolution of polysulfide, and enhancing reaction kinetics in Li–S batteries are essential for practical applications. Here, for the first time, we have used inexpensive oleic acid as a single carbon source, and have added commercial SiO2 as a template to form a porous structure, whereas introducing Fe(NO3)3 and Ni(NO3)2 as catalysts to increase the degree of graphitization. Moreover, the dual metal salts Fe(NO3)3 and Ni(NO3)2 can also form FeNi3 alloy, and our results show that FeNi3 nanoparticles accelerate the kinetic conversion reactions of polysulfide. By virtue of the well‐developed porous structure and high degree of graphitization, the highly graphitized porous carbon‐FeNi3 (GPC‐FeNi3) has high conductivity to ensure fast charge transfer, and the hierarchically porous structure facilitates ion diffusion and traps polysulfide. Thus, a GPC‐FeNi3/S cathode displays excellent electrochemical performance. At current rates of 0.2 and 1 C, a cathode of the GPC‐FeNi3/S composite with a sulfur content of 70 % delivers high initial discharge capacities of 1108 and 880 mA h g−1, respectively, and retains reversible specific capacities of 850 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 625 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 C.
Heterogeneous Olefin Hydrogenation Enabled by a Highly‐Reduced Nickel(−II) Catalyst Precursor
Authors: Maier Thomas M. , Sandl Sebastian , Melzl Peter , Zweck Josef , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel , Wolf Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Robert Wolf at the University of Regensburg and colleagues at the University of Hamburg. The image depicts the hydrogenation of triphenylethylene. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201905537.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)‐Based Planar Chiral Bent Cyclophanes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Aida Yukimasa , Nogami Juntaro , Sugiyama Haruki , Uekusa Hidehiro , Tanaka Ken 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‐based planar chiral cyclophanes was achieved for the first time by the rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular regio‐ and enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of tethered diyne‐benzofulvenes followed by stepwise oxidative transformations. The thus synthesized planar chiral bent cyclophanes, that possess bentp‐terphenyl‐ and 9‐fluorenone‐cores, were converted to 9‐fluorenol‐based ones with excellenteevalues of >99 % by diastereoselective 1,2‐reduction. These 9‐fluorenol‐based cyclophanes exhibited high fluorescence quantum yields, which were significantly higher than that of an acyclic reference molecule (78–82 % vs. 48 %). The bending effect on the chiroptical property was also examined, which revealed that the anisotropy factors (gabsvalues) for electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of these 9‐fluorenol‐based planar chiral bent cyclophanes increase as the tether length becomes shorter.
Bismuth‐Oxide‐Decorated Graphene Oxide Hybrids for Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Mulik Balaji B. , Bankar Balasaheb D. , Munde Ajay V. , Biradar Ankush V. , Sathe Bhaskar R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlobal warming challenges are fueling the demand to develop an efficient catalytic system for the reduction of CO2, which would contribute significantly to the control of climate change. Herein, as‐synthesized bismuthoxide‐decorated graphene oxide (Bi2O3@GO) was used as an electro/thermal catalyst for CO2 reduction. Bi2O3@GO is found to be distributed uniformly, as confirmed by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic analysis. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the Bi2O3 has a β‐phase with 23.4 m2 g−1 BET surface area. Significantly, the D and G bands from Raman spectroscopic analysis and their intensity ratio (ID/IG) reveal the increment in defective sites on GO after surface decoration. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis shows clear signals for Bi, C, and O, along with their oxidation states. An ultra‐low onset potential (−0.534 V vs. RHE) for the reduction of CO2 on Bi2O3@GO is achieved. Furthermore, potential‐dependent (−0.534, −0.734, and −0.934 vs. RHE) bulk electrolysis of CO2 to formate provides Faradaic efficiencies (FE) of approximately 39.72, 61.48, and 83.00 %, respectively. Additionally, in time‐dependent electrolysis at a potential of −0.934 versus RHE for 3 and 5 h, the observed FEs are around 84.20 % and 87.17 % respectively. This catalyst is also used for the thermal reduction of CO2 to formate. It is shown that the thermal reduction provides a path for industrial applications, as this catalyst converts a large amount of CO2 to formate (10 mm).
Entwurf und Betrieb eines Rohrreaktors mit enger Verweilzeitverteilung
Authors: Kockmann Norbert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn der Verfahrenstechnik ist die Verweilzeit eine wichtige Auslegungsgröße und eine enge Verweilzeitverteilung ist vorteilhaft, um bei komplexen chemischen Reaktionen mögliche Nebenprodukte zu vermeiden Eine gute radiale Vermischung mit geringer axialer Dispersion sorgt für eine enge Verweilzeitverteilung in einem Rohrreaktor. Die axiale Dispersion in laminarer Strömung in einem geraden Rohr ist sehr hoch und erzeugt damit eine breite Verweilzeitverteilung. Jedoch verbessern Sekundärströmungen die radiale Vermischung, die in diesem Beitrag für gekrümmte Rohrreaktoren untersucht werden. Entwurfshinweise zur guten radialen Vermischung und geometrische Ausführungen von Rohreaktoren mit Umlenkungen werden vorgestellt.
A CFD‐DEM approach to study the breakup of fractal agglomerates in an internal mixer
Authors: Frungieri Graziano , Boccardo Gianluca , Buffo Antonio , Marchisio Daniele , Karimi‐Varzaneh Hossein Ali , Vanni Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we present a method to investigate the breakup of filler agglomerates in an internal mixer during a compounding operation. The method employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations along with discrete element method (DEM) simulations. CFD simulations are performed to compute the flow field inside a 2D section of a typical batch internal mixer with two tangential rotors. During the CFD simulation, we assume the filler agglomerates to behave as tracer particles, carried passively by the flow. The trajectory of the tracers, together with the experienced velocity gradients, are fed to a DEM code, built in the framework of Stokesian dynamics. The code computes the mechanical response of the agglomerates along the trajectory, from which it is finally possible to ascertain the occurrence of breakup. Simulations are performed to evaluate the robustness of the method on two different rotor speed ratio conditions and varying agglomerate strength.