bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of post-discharge strategies for hospitalized smokers: Study protocol for the Helping HAND 4 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A. , Schnitzer Kristina , Davis Esa M. , Regan Susan , Chang Yuchiao , Kelley Jennifer H. K. , Notier Anna E. , Gilliam Karen , Douaihy Antoine , Levy Douglas E. , Singer Daniel E. , Tindle Hilary A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the US. A hospital admission provides smokers with a unique opportunity to stop smoking because it requires temporary tobacco abstinence while illness may enhance motivation to quit. Hospital interventions must continue post-discharge to increase tobacco abstinence long-term, but how best to accomplish this remains unclear. Building on two previous randomized controlled trials, each of which tested smoking cessation interventions that began in hospital and continued after discharge, this trial compares two interventions that provide sustained smoking cessation treatment after hospital discharge with the goal of improving long-term smoking cessation rates among hospitalized smokers.

Methods/design
Helping HAND 4 is a three-site randomized controlled trial that compares the effectiveness of two active interventions for producing validated past 7-day tobacco abstinence 6 months after hospital discharge. Smokers who are admitted to three hospitals receive a standard in-hospital smoking intervention, and those who plan to quit smoking after discharge are recruited and randomly assigned to two interventions that begin at discharge, Personalized Tobacco Care Management (PTCM) or Quitline eReferral. Each lasts 3 months. At discharge, PTCM provides 8 weeks of free nicotine replacement (NRT; a participant’s choice of patch, gum, lozenge, or a combination) and then proactive smoking cessation support using an automated communication platform and live contact with a tobacco treatment specialist who is based in the health care system. In the eReferral condition, a direct referral is made from the hospital electronic health record to a community-based resource, the state’s telephone quitline. The quitline provides up to 8 weeks of free NRT and offers behavioral support via a series of phone calls from a trained coach. Outcomes are assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The study hypothesis is that PTCM will produce higher quit rates than eReferral.

Discussion
Helping HAND 4 is a pragmatic trial that aims to evaluate interventions in real-world conditions. This project will give hospital systems critical evidence-based tools for meeting National Hospital Quality Measures for tobacco treatment and maximizing their ability to improve cessation rates and overall health for the millions of smokers hospitalized annually in the US.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered prior to start of enrollment at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03603496 (July 27, 2018). https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00084MJ&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00002G7&ts=2&cx=ff0oxn
Hypotheses, rationale, design, and methods for prognostic evaluation of a randomized comparison between patients with coronary artery disease associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy who undergo medical or surgical treatment: MASS-VI (HF)
Authors: Rezende Paulo Cury , Hueb Whady , Bocchi Edimar Alcides , Farkouh Michael , Junior Carlos Vicente Serrano , Lima Eduardo Gomes , Silva Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro , Dallan Luis Alberto Oliveira , Gaiotto Fabio Antonio , Garzillo Cibele Larrosa , Rochitte Carlos Eduardo , Nomura Cesar Higa , Scudeler Thiago Luis , Soares Paulo Rogério , Jatene Fabio Biscegli , Ramires José Antonio Franchini , Filho Roberto Kalil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction are well established to represent the main determinants of poor survival and premature death compared with preserved ventricular function. However, the role of myocardial revascularization as a therapeutic alternative is not known to improve the long-term prognosis in this group of patients. This study will investigate whether myocardial revascularization contributes to a better prognosis for patients compared with those treated with drugs alone and followed over the long term.

Methods
The study will include 600 patients with coronary artery disease associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The surgical or drug therapy option will be randomized, and the events considered for analysis will be all-cause mortality, nonfatal infarction, unstable angina requiring additional revascularization, and stroke. The events will be analyzed according to the intent-to-treat principle. Patients with multivessel coronary disease and left ventricular ejection fraction measurements of less than 35% will be included. In addition, myocardial ischemia will be documented by myocardial scintigraphy. Markers of myocardial necrosis will be checked at admission and after the procedure.

Discussion
The role of myocardial revascularization (CABG) in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure is not clearly established. The surgical option of revascularizing the myocardium is a procedure designed to reduce the load of myocardial hibernation in patients with heart failure caused by coronary artery disease. On the other hand, the assessment of myocardial viability is frequently used to identify patients with left ventricular ischemic dysfunction in which CABG may add survival benefit. However, the effectiveness of this option is uncertain. The great difficulty in establishing the efficacy of surgical intervention is based on the understanding of viability without ischemia. Thus, this study will include only patients with viable and truly ischemic myocardium to correct this anomaly.

Trial registration
Evaluation of a randomized comparison between patients with coronary artery disease associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy submitted to medical or surgical treatment: MASS-VI (HF), ISRCTN77449548, Oct 10th, 2019 (retrospectively registered).
Gout is associated with an increased risk for incident heart failure among older adults: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Saag Kenneth G. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Chen Ligong , Reynolds Richard J. , Gaffo Angelo , Plante Timothy B. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bridges S. Louis , Levitan Emily B. , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Howard George , Safford Monika M. , Muntner Paul , Irvin Marguerite Ryan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Gout has been associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in some prior studies. Few studies have assessed the association of gout with incident heart failure (HF).

Methods
We analyzed data from 5713 black and white men and women ≥ 65.5 years of age in the population-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study who had Medicare coverage without a history of HF, CHD, or stroke at baseline between 2003 and 2007. Gout was defined by ≥ 1 hospitalization or ≥ 2 outpatient visits with a diagnosis code for gout in Medicare claims prior to each participant’s baseline study examination. REGARDS study participants were followed for HF hospitalization, CHD, stroke, and all-cause mortality as separate outcomes through December 31, 2016. Analyses were replicated in a random sample of 839,059 patients ≥ 65.5 years of age with Medicare coverage between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2015, who were followed through December 31, 2017.

Results
Among REGARDS study participants included in the current analysis, the mean age at baseline was 72.6 years, 44.9% were men, 31.4% were black, and 3.3% had gout. Over a median follow-up of 10.0 years, incidence rates per 1000 person-years among participants with and without gout were 13.1 and 4.4 for HF hospitalization, 16.0 and 9.3 for CHD, 9.3 and 8.2 for stroke, and 55.0 and 37.1 for all-cause mortality, respectively. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors, hazard ratios (95% CI) comparing participants with versus without gout were 1.97 (1.22, 3.19) for HF hospitalization, 1.21 (0.79, 1.84) for CHD, 0.83 (0.48, 1.43) for stroke, and 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) for all-cause mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for HF hospitalization with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction among participants with versus without gout was 1.77 (95% CI 0.83, 3.79) and 2.32 (95% CI 1.12, 4.79), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for heart failure hospitalization associated with gout among the 839,059 Medicare beneficiaries was 1.32 (95% CI 1.25, 1.39).

Conclusion
Among older adults, gout was associated with an increased risk for incident HF but not for incident CHD, incident stroke, or all-cause mortality.
Effects of industrial effluents on the quality of water in Namanve stream, Kampala Industrial and Business Park, Uganda
Authors: Angiro Christopher , Abila Patrick P’Odyek , Omara Timothy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Kampala Industrial and Business Park (KIBP) is one of the premier and the most successful Ugandan industrial complexes that impact the inner Murchison bay of Lake Victoria. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of industrial effluents on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water taken from four different sites along Namanve stream in KIBP, Wakiso district, Uganda.

Results
All the water quality parameters were below WHO maximum permissible limits except turbidity, electrical conductivity and Escherichia coli count. Mean values of the monitored water quality parameters increased from the point of effluent discharge downstream of Namanve stream.
Asymptotically almost periodic dynamics on delayed Nicholson-type system involving patch structure
Authors: Zhang Hong , Cao Qian , Yang Hedi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores a delayed Nicholson-type system involving patch structure. Applying differential inequality techniques and the fluctuation lemma, we establish a new sufficient condition which guarantees the existence of positive asymptotically almost periodic solutions for the addressed system. The results of this article are completely new and supplement the previous publications.
The Crank–Nicolson finite element method for the 2D uniform transmission line equation
Authors: Ren Hulin , Fan Yiting , Luo Zhendong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe develop the Crank–Nicolson finite element (CNFE) method for the two-dimensional (2D) uniform transmission line equation, study the stability and existence as well as error estimates for the CNFE solutions of the 2D uniform transmission line equation by strict theoretical approaches. We verify the correctness of the obtained theoretical results by means of numerical tests.
Some higher norm inequalities for composition of power operators
Authors: Li Huacan , Li Qunfang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we first prove the local $L^{s}$Ls norm estimate of composite operators $\triangle^{k}G^{m}(u)$△kGm(u) by use of the $L^{s}$Ls norm of u. Then we establish the local and global higher norm inequalities of $\triangle^{k}G^{m}(u)$△kGm(u). Simultaneously, we also give a global higher norm estimate with Radon measure. Finally, as applications of these results, we give two examples to estimate the higher norm of $\triangle^{k}G^{m}(u)$△kGm(u).
The ‘lifecycle’ of human beings: a call to explore vector-borne diseases from an ecosystem perspective
Authors: Muurlink Olav T. , Taylor-Robinson Andrew W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDengue virus, anAedesmosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide. Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limitingAedesbreeding or preventing adult female contact with humans. Currently, the World Health Organization promotes the strategic approach of integrated vector management in order to optimise resources for mosquito control.Main textNeglected tropical disease researchers focus on geographical zones where the incidence of clinical cases, and prevalence of vectors, are high. In combatting those infectious diseases such as dengue that affect mainly low-income populations in developing regions, a mosquito-centric approach is frequently adopted. This prioritises environmental factors that facilitate or impede the lifecycle progression of the vector. Climatic variables (such as rainfall and wind speed) that impact the vector’s lifecycle either causally or by happenstance also affect the human host’s ‘lifecycle’, but in very different ways. The socioeconomic impacts of the same variables that influence vector control impact host vulnerability but at different points in the human lifecycle to those of the vector. Here, we argue that the vulnerability of the vector and that of the host interact in complex and unpredictable ways that are characteristic of (complex and intransigent) ‘wicked problems’. Moreover, they are treated by public health programs in ways that may ignore this complexity. This opinion draws on recent evidence showing that the best climate predictors of the scale of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh cannot be explained through a simple vector-to-host causal model.ConclusionsIn mapping causal pathways for vector-borne diseases this article makes a case to elevate the lifecycle of the human host to a level closer in equivalence to that of the vector. Here, we suggest value may be gained from transferring Rittel and Webber’s concept of a wicked (social) problem to dengue, malaria and other mosquito-transmitted public health concerns. This would take a ‘problem definition’ rather than a ‘solution-finding’ approach, particularly when considering problems in which climate impacts simultaneously on human and vector vulnerability.
Genotoxicity of micro- and nano-particles of kaolin in human primary dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Kawanishi Masanobu , Yoneda Reimi , Totsuka Yukari , Yagi Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Kaolin is a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is an important industrial material, and is also used as a white cosmetic pigment. We previously reported that fine particles of kaolin have genotoxic potency to Chinese hamster ovary CHO AA8 cells, and to the lungs of C57BL/6 J and ICR mice. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of different particle sizes of kaolin using primary normal human diploid epidermal keratinocytes and primary normal human diploid dermal fibroblasts, in addition to a CHO AA8 cell line.

Findings
After 6-h treatment with kaolin micro- and nano-particles of particle sizes 4.8 μm and 0.2 μm (200 nm), respectively, the frequencies of micronucleated cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The frequency increased 3- to 4-fold by exposure to the particles at 200 μg/mL (i.e., 31.4 μg/cm2) in all cells tested. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of particle size, and the nano-particles tended to have a higher potency of micronucleus (MN) induction. However, the cell type did not significantly affect the MN frequencies. In addition, one-hour treatment with the kaolin particles increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in a comet assay. The %tail DNA was increased 8- to 20-fold by exposure to the particles at 200 μg/mL, for all cells tested. The kaolin nano-particles had higher DNA-damaging potency than the micro-particles. Furthermore, treatment with kaolin particles dose-dependently increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all cells. Again, we observed that kaolin nano-particles induced more ROS than the micro-particles in all cells.

Conclusion
Kaolin particles demonstrated genotoxicity in primary normal human diploid epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as in CHO AA8 cells. Although no significant difference was observed among these three types of cells, fine particles of kaolin tended to have higher genotoxic potency than coarse particles. Since studies on its genotoxicity to skin have been scarce, the findings of the present study could contribute to safety evaluations of kaolin particles when used as a white cosmetic pigment.
Isolation and structure elucidation of constituents of Citrus limon, Isodon japonicus, and Lansium domesticum as the cancer prevention agents
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Watanabe Tetsushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the course of our research to investigate the cancer prevention potency of natural products derived from plant materials, we isolated fifty-five compounds, including twenty-one new compounds from the peels of Citrus limon, aerial parts of Isodon japonicus, and leaves of Lansium domesticum. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by chemical/physicochemical evidence, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry results. Moreover, the absolute stereochemistry of the new compounds were elucidated by various techniques such as chemical synthesis, modified Mosher’s method, Cu-Kα X-ray crystallographic analysis, and comparison of experimental and predicted electronic circular dichroism data. The antimutagenic effects of the isolated and structure-elucidated compounds against heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), were evaluated by the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. In this review, we present the comprehensive results of the antimutagenic effects of the isolated natural products.
The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK
Authors: Dieckmann Peter , Torgeirsen Kjetil , Qvindesland Sigrun Anna , Thomas Libby , Bushell Verity , Langli Ersdal Hege 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations.
Sexual dysfunctions in a sample of male psychiatric patients compared to medically ill patients
Authors: Abdelatti Sameh I. , Ismail Reda M. , Hamed Rania A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Many of the psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions may affect the sexual function of the patients. The present study aims to investigate the frequency of sexual dysfunctions in male psychiatric patients compared to other medically ill patients.

Results
Sexual dysfunction among psychiatric patients (51.2%) was significantly higher than among other medical patients (21%). Among the psychiatric patients, those with schizophrenia (75%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders had the following rates respectively: 55%, 45%, and 30%. Among the other medical patients, those with the cardiac diseases (35%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with hepatic diseases, diabetes, urologic diseases, and respiratory diseases had the following rates respectively: 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10%. Prolactin level among psychiatric patients was significantly higher than among the other medical patients, while there was no significant difference between the psychiatric and other medical patients regarding total testosterone level.

Conclusion
Considering the significant relative frequency of sexual dysfunctions in psychiatric patients, more emphasis is recommended to be placed on the prevention and proper treatment of these disorders.
A review of various modalities in breast imaging: technical aspects and clinical outcomes
Authors: Iranmakani Sepideh , Mortezazadeh Tohid , Sajadian Fakhrossadat , Ghaziani Mona Fazel , Ghafari Ali , Khezerloo Davood , Musa Ahmed Eleojo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Nowadays, breast cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. In general, about one out of eight women (about 12%) suffer from this disease during their life in the USA and European countries. If breast cancer is detected at an early stage, its survival rate will be very high. Several methods have been introduced to diagnose breast cancer with their clinical advantages and disadvantages.

Main text
In this review, various methods of breast imaging have been introduced. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of each of these methods have been investigated. For each of the imaging methods, articles that were relevant to the past 10 years were selected through electronic search engines, and then the most relevant papers were selected. Finally, about 40 articles were studied and their results were categorized and presented in the form of a report as follows. Various breast cancer imaging techniques were extracted as follows: mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, digital tomosynthesis, sonography, sonoelastography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic elastography, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic spectroscopy, nuclear medicine, optical imaging, and microwave imaging.

Conclusion
The choice of these methods depends on the patient’s state and stage, the age of the individual and the density of the breast tissue. Hybrid imaging techniques appear to be an acceptable way to improve detection of breast cancer. This review article can be useful in choosing the right method for imaging in people suspected of breast cancer.
Long-Term Outcomes From a Randomized Dose Optimization Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Frey Noelle V. , Gill Saar , Hexner Elizabeth O. , Schuster Stephen , Nasta Sunita , Loren Alison , Svoboda Jakub , Stadtmauer Edward , Landsburg Daniel J. , Mato Anthony , Levine Bruce L. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst Jan Joseph , Veloso Elizabeth , Gaymon Avery , Pequignot Edward , Shan Xinhe , Hwang Wei-Ting , June Carl H. , Porter David L. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE To describe long-term outcomes of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS Between January 2013 and June 2016, 42 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL were enrolled in this study and 38 were infused with anti-CD19 CART cells (CART-19). Of these, 28 patients were initially randomly assigned to receive a low (5 × 107) or high (5 × 108) dose of CART-19, and 24 were evaluable for response assessment. After an interim analysis, 10 additional patients received the selected (high) dose and of these, eight were evaluable for response. Patients were followed for a median 31.5 months (range, 2 to 75 months). RESULTS At 4 weeks, the complete and overall responses for the 32 evaluable patients were 28% (90% CI, 16% to 44%) and 44% (90% CI, 29% to 60%), respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 64 months; there was no statistically significant difference between low- and high-dose groups ( P = .84). Regardless of dose, prolonged survival was observed in patients who achieved a CR versus those who did not ( P = .035), with median OS not reached in patients with CR versus 64 months in those without CR. The median progression-free survival was 40.2 months in patients with CR and 1 month in those without a CR ( P < .0001). Toxicity was comparable in both dose groups. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced CLL, a 5 × 108 dose of CART-19 may be more effective than 5 × 107 CART-19 at inducing CR without excessive toxicity. Attainment of a CR after CART-19 infusion, regardless of cell dose, is associated with longer OS and progression-free survival in patients with relapsed CLL.