bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient auxiliary projection‐based multigrid isogeometric reanalysis method and its application in an optimization framework
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Li Enying , Wu Yunqiang , Wang Hu 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAn efficient optimization framework is developed in this study by integrating auxiliary projection‐based multigrid isogeometric reanalysis (MG‐IGR) and metaheuristic searching techniques. It is well known that the inherent characteristics of isogeometric analysis (IGA) are superior in shape optimization problems. Inheriting the characteristics of IGA, an auxiliary projection‐based MG reanalysis (MGR) is proposed to construct mapping between the mesh before modification and after modification during the optimization process. Subsequently, MG‐IGR is utilized to reanalyze the modified design efficiently by reusing the initial evaluated results. Moreover, the proposed MG‐IGR also eliminates the restriction of mesh consistency. In this framework, the structure can be designed directly through parameterized control of the non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) model, and the MG‐IGR fast solver enables any metaheuristic algorithm to perform the optimization procedure. Moreover, the accuracy of the simulation can be guaranteed by the NURBS model and the convergence criterion of the MG. Finally, two geometric optimization examples are presented to validate the performance of the developed framework.
Differences in stability and calcium sensitivity of the Ig domains in titin's N2A region
Authors: Kelly Colleen M. , Manukian Sophia , Kim Emily , Gage Matthew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTitin is a large filamentous protein that spans half a sarcomere, from Z‐disk to M‐line. The N2A region within the titin molecule exists between the proximal immunoglobulin (Ig) region and the PEVK region and protein–protein interactions involving this region are required for normal muscle function. The N2A region consists of four Ig domains (I80–I83) with a 105 amino acid linker region between I80 and I81 that has a helical nature. Using chemical stability measurements, we show that predicted differences between the adjacent Ig domains (I81–I83) correlate with experimentally determined differences in chemical stability and refolding kinetics. Our work further shows that I83 has the lowest ΔGunfolding, which is increased in the presence of calcium (pCa 4.3), indicating that Ca2+ plays a role in stabilizing this immunoglobulin domain. The characteristics of N2A's three Ig domains provide insight into the stability of the binding sites for proteins that interact with the N2A region. This work also provides insights into how Ca2+ might influence binding events involving N2A.
FiRES: A computational method for the de novo identification of internal structure similarity in proteins
Authors: Alvarez‐Carreño Claudia , Coello Gerardo , Arciniega Marcelino 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInternal structure similarity in proteins can be observed at the domain and subdomain levels. From an evolutionary perspective, structurally similar elements may arise divergently by gene duplication and fusion events but may also be the product of convergent evolution under physicochemical constraints. The characterization of proteins that contain repeated structural elements has implications for many fields of protein science including protein domain evolution, structure classification, structure prediction, and protein engineering. FiRES (Find Repeated Elements in Structure) is an algorithm that relies on a topology‐independent structure alignment method to identify repeating elements in protein structure. FiRES was tested against two hand curated databases of protein repeats: MALIDUP, for very divergent duplicated domains; and RepeatsDB for short tandem repeats. The performance of FiRES was compared to that of lalign, RADAR, HHrepID, CE‐symm, ReUPred, and Swelfe. FiRES was the method that most accurately detected proteins either with duplicated domains (accuracy = 0.86) or with multiple repeated units (accuracy = 0.92). FiRES is a new methodology for the discovery of proteins containing structurally similar elements. The FiRES web server is publicly available at http://fires.ifc.unam.mx. The scripts, results, and benchmarks from this study can be downloaded from https://github.com/Claualvarez/fires.
Tracking wireworm burrowing behaviour in soil over time using 3D X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Booth Samuel , Kurtz Benedikt , de Heer Martine I , Mooney Sacha J , Sturrock Craig J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWireworms (larvae of the click beetle, Elateridae) are a significant agricultural pest, causing crop damage and reducing yields globally. Owing to the complex nature and opacity of the soil environment, research to investigate wireworm behaviour in situ has been scarce. X‐ray computed tomography (CT) has previously been demonstrated as a powerful tool to independently visualise the 3D root system architecture, macroinvertebrate movement and distribution of burrow systems in soil, but not simultaneously within the same sample. In this study, we apply X‐ray CT to visualise and quantify wireworms, their burrow systems and the root architecture of two contrasting crop species (Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays) in a soil pot experiment scanned at different time intervals.RESULTSThe majority of wireworm burrows were produced within the first 20 h post inoculation, suggesting that burrow systems are established quickly and persist at a similar volume. There was a significant difference in the volume of burrow systems produced by wireworms between the two crop species suggesting differences in wireworm behaviour elicited by crop species. There was no significant correlation between burrow volume and either root volume or surface area, indicating this behavioural difference is caused by factor(s) other than the mass of root systems.CONCLUSIONX‐ray CT shows potential as a non‐destructive technique to quantify the interaction of wireworms in the natural soil environment with crop roots, and aid the development of effective pest management strategies to minimise their negative impact on crop production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous confidence interval for assessing non‐inferiority with assay sensitivity in a three‐arm trial with binary endpoints
Authors: Tang Niansheng , Yu Bin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA three‐arm trial including an experimental treatment, an active reference treatment and a placebo is often used to assess the non‐inferiority (NI) with assay sensitivity of an experimental treatment. Various hypothesis‐test‐based approaches via a fraction or pre‐specified margin have been proposed to assess the NI with assay sensitivity in a three‐arm trial. There is little work done on confidence interval in a three‐arm trial. This paper develops a hybrid approach to construct simultaneous confidence interval for assessing NI and assay sensitivity in a three‐arm trial. For comparison, we present normal‐approximation‐based and bootstrap‐resampling‐based simultaneous confidence intervals. Simulation studies evidence that the hybrid approach with the Wilson score statistic performs better than other approaches in terms of empirical coverage probability and mesial‐non‐coverage probability. An example is used to illustrate the proposed approaches.
Local and non‐local controls on a persistent cold‐air pool in the Arve River Valley
Authors: Arduini G. , Chemel C. , Staquet C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA numerical model is used to simulate a persistent cold‐air pool (PCAP) event that occurred in the section of the Arve River Valley around Passy in the French Alps. During this period, an upper‐level ridge from the Atlantic moved over Europe, allowing a PCAP to form and persist over time. The impact of the upper‐level ridge on the PCAP and on the dynamics within the valley section is quantified by examining the mass and heat budgets of the valley atmosphere. During the persistent stage, the magnitude of the flow through the tributary valleys is enhanced by the large‐scale flow. Also, the direction of the flow through one of the tributaries is found to be determined by the height of the PCAP with respect to that of the tributary above the valley floor. The tributary flows, together with subsiding motions at the valley top, control by and large the night‐time valley‐scale circulation and the thermal structure of the upper part of the PCAP, whereas thermally driven valley flows control its lower part. When the upper‐level ridge passes over the Arve River Valley, warm air advection through the tributaries continuously erodes the upper part of the PCAP during night‐time, thereby reducing its depth, while down‐valley flows export the air mass out of the valley. As the ridge moves away from the valley, the near‐surface air is found to be trapped within the valley. This trapping results from the advection of warm air in the upper part of the PCAP by the large‐scale flow channelled through one of the tributaries. This reduces the thermally induced pressure difference in the down‐valley direction, thereby suppressing the near‐surface down‐valley flow. The study therefore highlights the interplay between the large‐scale flow, the tributary flows and the thermal structure of the
PCAP.
Atmospheric rivers and water fluxes in precipitating quasi‐geostrophic turbulence
Authors: Edwards Thomas K. , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMost of the poleward transport of water can be accounted for by long narrow corridors known as Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). ARs are typically associated with extratropical cyclones and, for dry extratropical cyclones, an idealized prototype has previously been provided by quasi‐geostrophic (QG) dynamics. However, there are few if any studies that investigate ARs in a QG framework. Here, the overarching question is: do idealized ARs appear in moist QG dynamics? A precipitating quasi‐geostrophic (PQG) model is explored as a possible prototype for ARs and associated water transport. The set‐up uses numerical simulations of geostrophic turbulence with precipitation, in a single phase. The simulations are shown to produce idealized ARs, and they have reasonably realistic statistics for such a simple set‐up. For instance, the model ARs occur roughly as frequently as in nature, based on commonly used AR identification algorithms. To produce ARs in this model, it is found that two key ingredients are needed beyond the dry QG framework: precipitation and a meridional moisture gradient. If either of these two ingredients is too weak, then less realistic ARs are produced. In addition, for a range of precipitation rates, a large fraction of the meridional moisture transport is due to
ARs.
Adaptation of the acetone method for the δ15N–NO3− analysis of saline water with a low concentration of nitrate
Authors: Tanu Ferdouse Zaman , Miyata Toru , Sadzuka Naotaka , Irie Mami , Nakanishi Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2020

RationaleThe recently reported acetone method for δ15N–NO3− analysis is a straightforward sample preparation process. However, the applicability of the method to water samples having high salinity and low concentration of nitrates is not good. Therefore, we developed a new method to measure δ15N–NO3− values in a saline sample having low nitrate concentration by improving the acetone method (the adapted method), and verified its usability.MethodsThe adapted method involves (a) reducing a large volume of sample by evaporation, (b) removing NaCl by mixing acetone twice, (c) changing the volume ratio of the acetone/NaI/n‐hexane solvent from 21/0.35/10 to 30/0.25/5 mL, (d) using an increased volume of BaI2 (0.1 M) – from 0.75 to 1 mL, and (e) using an alternative capsule drying process of lyophilization.ResultsThe adapted method has provided nearly exact δ15N–NO3− values of standard materials with high precision and accuracy (<0.1‰) at a lower cutoff of 2 μmol of NO3− in a sample capsule. The recovery of NO3− in this method was significantly dependent (P < 0.05) on the Cl− concentration of the samples. However, a minimum recovery of 60% NO3−, required for the reproducibility of the accurate value of δ15N–NO3−, was possible from the concentrated sample aliquot containing up to 6 g of Cl−. The application of the adapted acetone method to creek water samples, collected from mangrove watersheds, has shown high consistency in the analysis results.ConclusionsIt was proved that the inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle adapted acetone method could be used for the δ15N–NO3− analysis of saline water samples when the sample aliquot contained about 4 μmol of NO3− with less than 6 g of Cl−.
Concurrent, face, content, and construct validity of the RobotiX Mentor simulator for robotic basic skills
Authors: Alshuaibi Muaath , Perrenot Cyril , Hubert Jacques , Perez Manuela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess several criteria, such as concurrent, face, content, and construct validity of the RobotiX Mentor (RXM) simulator for basic robotic skills and to compare virtual and actual dry lab dome.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 using RXM and a da Vinci Si robot. 37 subjects, divided into three groups according to their initial surgical training (expert, intermediate, and novice), were evaluated in terms of six representative exercises of basic robotic specific skills as recommended by the fundamentals of robotic surgery.ResultsThere was a correlation between the automatic data from the RXM and the subjective evaluation with the robot. The face and content validity, which were evaluated by the experts, were generally considered high (71.5% and 62.5%, respectively). Three levels (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; P = .01) and two levels (P = .001) of experience were clearly identified by the simulator.ConclusionOur study proves the concurrent validity and confirms the face, content, and construct validity of the RXM.
SLAM for autonomous planetary rovers with global localization
Authors: Geromichalos Dimitrios , Azkarate Martin , Tsardoulias Emmanouil , Gerdes Levin , Petrou Loukas , Perez Del Pulgar Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a novel approach to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques applied to the autonomous planetary rover exploration scenario to reduce both the relative and absolute localization errors, using two well‐proven techniques: particle filters and scan matching. Continuous relative localization is improved by matching high‐resolution sensor scans to the online created local map. Additionally, to avoid issues with drifting localization, absolute localization is globally corrected at discrete times, according to predefined event criteria, by matching the current local map to the orbiter's global map. The resolutions of local and global maps can be appropriately chosen for computation and accuracy purposes. Further, the online generated local map, of the form of a structured elevation grid map, can also be used to evaluate the traversability of the surrounding environment and allow for continuous navigation. The objective of this study is to support long‐range low‐supervision planetary exploration. The implemented SLAM technique has been validated with a data set acquired during a field test campaign performed at the Teide Volcano on the island of Tenerife, representative of a Mars/Moon exploration scenario.
Young Minority Home‐Language Students’ Biased Reading Self‐Concept and Its Consequences for Reading Development
Authors: Segerer Robin , Niklas Frank , Suggate Sebastian , Schneider Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractYoung students who speak a different language at home than that spoken in school (i.e., a minority home‐language) appear to exhibit a biased reading self‐concept. Importantly, this biased reading self‐concept may correspond with altered causal pathways between reading self‐concept and achievement in minority home‐language students. To test this idea, the authors examined cross‐lagged links between reading self‐concept and reading achievement in a large multiple‐group longitudinal study in Germany. Students with German (n = 885), Turkish (n = 193), or another (n = 550) home language were tested yearly in grades 1–4 on measures of reading and reading self‐concept. Despite showing lower reading achievement, students speaking a minority home language exhibited a higher reading self‐concept. Cross‐lagged paths revealed reciprocal effects between reading achievement and reading self‐concept from grade 1 to grade 2, particularly for students with German as a home language. Minority home‐language students showed significantly lower effects of reading achievement on their subsequent reading self‐concept from grade 1 to grade 2. From grade 2 onward, reading achievement predicted reading self‐concept, but not vice versa.
Residual effects of compaction on the subsoil pore system—A functional perspective
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada Mansonia , Schjønning Per , Labouriau Rodrigo , Munkholm Lars J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSubsoil compaction caused by heavy traffic affects the soil pore system, resulting in long‐term damage to soil functions. The study contrasted two treatments from compaction experiments conducted at three different sites in Denmark: non‐trafficked control soil and soil subjected to four annual traffic events (2010–2013) with a wheel load of 58 to 78 kN. A cover crop of fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown in half of the initial experimental plots after completion of the compaction treatments (2013 and onwards). In the spring of 2017, undisturbed soil cores were sampled at 0.3 and 0.5 m depth. The air‐filled porosity (εa), air permeability (ka) and gas diffusivity (Ds/Do) were quantified for samples equilibrated to –100 hPa matric potential. Soil pore structural indicators were estimated from the combination of εa, ka, and Ds/Do. The ratio of non‐Darcian to Darcian ka (R) was also used as a pore morphology indicator. For all sites and depths, compaction reduced εa, Ds/Do, ka‐Darcy, PO1 (ka‐Darcy/εa) and the effective radius ([(8ka‐Darcy)/Ds/Do]0.5) compared to control soil (p < 0.05). The Buckingham‐X variable relating Ds/Do and εa tended to be smaller for compacted soil, significantly for one of the sites. Compacted soils were also characterised by a significantly smaller R‐ratio at high levels of ka‐Darcy (> 32 μm2), but also by having a tendency for the R‐ratio to decrease rapidly with increasing pore air velocity compared to the control. The results reflect a compaction‐induced reduction in the number of marginal pores connected to large arterial pores, promoting a simple pore system formed by continuous vertical pores. The compaction effect was not affected by the cover crop. Neither natural recovery nor fodder radish‐induced mitigation of soil compaction was evident for the studied soils.
Robust Starch/Regenerated Cellulose All‐Polysaccharides Bilayer Films with Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Cheng Geng , Wei Yu‐Jun , Zhou Mi , Cheng Fei , Lin Yi , Zhu Pu‐Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarch‐regenerated cellulose bilayer films containing cellulose nanofibers in the casted regenerated cellulose layer are obtained by using a dissolution‐regeneration‐suction filtration approach. Scanning electron micrograph, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction are used to characterize the properties of the composite films. The tensile strength and modulus of the nanocomposite containing 40 wt% regenerated cellulose are increased by 156% and 111%, respectively, compared with pure starch film. Additionally, the obtained films displayed low water absorption, excellent thermal stability, and optical performance. More importantly, the film fabrication process adopted is environmentally benign, cost‐effective, and easy to operate. The all‐polysaccharides bilayer films can be used as a renewable material for industrial applications such as packaging to substitute petroleum‐based polymers in a wide range of applications.
Soil sodicity originating from marginal groundwater
Authors: van de Craats Daniël , van der Zee Sjoerd E.A.T.M. , Sui Chunming , van Asten Piet J.A. , Cornelissen Pavan , Leijnse Anton 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil salinity and sodicity are among the oldest soil and groundwater pollution problems and are widespread across the globe. Where salinity affects crop water uptake and yield, sodicity may additionally cause poorly reversible soil structure degradation and a severely reduced hydraulic conductivity. We use the model HYDRUS‐1D to simulate sodicity development in soils with shallow, Na‐rich groundwater under a normal weather regime with distinct dry seasons. Attention is given to the impact of a sudden fresh water input on the formation of a sodic layer. The complex interplay between soil chemistry, soil physics, soil mechanics (as far as swell–shrink behavior is concerned), and fluctuating atmospheric conditions results in a remarkably regular relation between depth, location, and severity of a sodic layer that forms within the soil as a function of rainfall intensity. A threshold behavior is observed: sodic layer formation is absent at rainfall intensities below this threshold, whereas sodic layer thickness and hydraulic conductivity reduction increase rapidly with intensities exceeding this threshold. This is the case even for different soil types and groundwater depths. Field observations agree with our simulations: the properties of the layer with sodicity‐induced structure degradation are more strongly developed, as this layer is situated at a shallower depth. The implementation of hydraulic conductivity reduction as a function of exchangeable Na percentage and ionic strength in HYDRUS‐1D can be improved towards a smooth reduction function, changing soil physical parameters due to swelling and dispersion of clay and reconsideration of the reversibility of sodicity development.
Quark-lepton connections in Z′ mediated FCNC processes: gauge anomaly cancellations at work
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Buras Andrzej J. , Cerdà-Sevilla Maria , De Fazio Fulvia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider scenarios with a heavy Z′ gauge boson with flavour non-universal quark and lepton couplings with the goal to illustrate how the cancellation of gauge anomalies generated by the presence of an additional U(1)′ gauge symmetry would imply correlations between FCNC processes within the quark sector, within the lepton sector and most interestingly between quark flavour and lepton flavour violating processes. To this end we present simple scenarios with only left-handed flavour-violating Z′ couplings and those in which also right-handed flavour-violating couplings are present. The considered scenarios are characterized by a small number of free parameters but in contrast to gauge anomaly cancellation in the Standard Model, in which it takes place separately within each generation, in our scenarios anomaly cancellation involves simultaneously quarks and leptons of all three generations. Our models involve, beyond the ordinary quarks and leptons, three heavy right-handed neutrinos. The models with only left-handed FCNCs of Z′ involve beyond $$ {g}_{Z^{\prime }} $$

g

Z
′

and $$ {M}_{Z^{\prime }} $$

M

Z
′

two real parameters characterizing the charges of all fermions under the U(1)′ gauge symmetry and the CKM and PMNS ones in the quark and lepton sectors, respectively. The models with the right-handed FCNCs of Z′ involve few additional parameters. Imposing constraints from well measured ∆F = 2 observables we identify a number of interesting correlations that involve e.g. ε′/ε, Bs,d→ μ+μ−, B → K(K*)ℓ+ℓ−, $$ {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu},{K}_L\to {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

,

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν
¯

and purely lepton flavour violating decays like μ → eγ, μ → 3e, τ → 3μ and μ − e conversion among others. Also (g − 2)μ,e are considered. The impact of the experimental μ → eγ, μ → 3e and in particular μ − e conversion bounds on rare K and B decays is emphasized.