bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between synovial inflammation, structural pathology, and pain in post-traumatic osteoarthritis: differential effect of stem cell and hyaluronan treatment
Authors: Shu Cindy C. , Zaki Sanaa , Ravi Varshini , Schiavinato Antonella , Smith Margaret M. , Little Christopher B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Synovitis is implicated in the severity and progression of pain and structural pathology of osteoarthritis (OA). Increases in inflammatory or immune cell subpopulations including macrophages and lymphocytes have been reported in OA synovium, but how the particular subpopulations influence symptomatic or structural OA disease progression is unclear. Two therapies, hyaluronan (HA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have demonstrated efficacy in some clinical settings: HA acting as device to improve joint function and provide pain relief, while MSCs may have immunomodulatory and disease-modifying effects. We used these agents to investigate whether changes in pain sensitization or structural damage were linked to modulation of the synovial inflammatory response in post-traumatic OA.

Methods
Skeletally mature C57BL6 male mice underwent medial-meniscal destabilisation (DMM) surgery followed by intra-articular injection of saline, a hyaluronan hexadecylamide derivative (Hymovis), bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSCs), or MSC + Hymovis. We quantified the progression of OA-related cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial histopathology, and associated pain sensitization (tactile allodynia). Synovial lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages and their subpopulations were quantified by fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), and the expression of key inflammatory mediators and catabolic enzyme genes quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
MSC but not Hymovis significantly reduced late-stage (12-week post-DMM) cartilage proteoglycan loss and structural damage. Allodynia was initially reduced by both treatments but significantly better at 8 and 12 weeks by Hymovis. Chondroprotection by MSCs was not associated with specific changes in synovial inflammatory cell populations but rather regulation of post-injury synovial Adamts4, Adamts5, Mmp3, and Mmp9 expression. Reduced acute post-injury allodynia with all treatments coincided with decreased synovial macrophage and T cell numbers, while longer-term effect on pain sensitization with Hymovis was associated with increased M2c macrophages.

Conclusions
This therapeutic study in mice demonstrated a poor correlation between cartilage, bone or synovium (histo)pathology, and pain sensitization. Changes in the specific synovial inflammatory cell subpopulations may be associated with chronic OA pain sensitization, and a novel target for symptomatic treatment.
Balanced oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics promoted wound healing via maintaining mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Han Nannan , Jia Lu , Guo Lijia , Su Yingying , Luo Zhenhua , Du Juan , Mei Shenghui , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe homeostasis of oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics plays a crucial role in maintaining the well-being and healthy status of human host. Our previous study confirmed that imbalanced oral microbiota could impair mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation capacity and delay wound healing. However, the effects of balanced oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics on MSCs and wound healing are far from clear. Here, the balance of pathogenic bacteriaPorphyromonas gingivalisand probioticsLactobacillus reuteriextracts was used to investigate whether balanced oral microbiota modulate the physiological functions of MSCs and promote wound healing.MethodsThe effects of balanced pathogenic bacteriaP. gingivalisand probioticsL. reuteriextracts on gingival MSCs (GMSCs) were tested using the migration, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, cell counting kit-8, real-time PCR, and western blot assays. To investigate the role of balanced pathogenic bacteriaP. gingivalisand probioticsL. reuteriextracts in the wound of mice, the wounds were established in the mucosa of palate and were inoculated with bacteria every 2 days.ResultsWe found that the balance between pathogenic bacteria and probiotics enhanced the migration, osteogenic differentiation, and cell proliferation of MSCs. Additionally, local inoculation of the mixture ofL. reuteriandP. gingivalispromoted the process of wound healing in mice. Mechanistically, we found that LPS inP. gingivaliscould activateNLRP3inflammasome and inhibit function of MSCs, thereby accelerating MSC dysfunction and delaying wound healing. Furthermore, we also found that reuterin was the effective ingredient inL. reuteriwhich maintained the balance of pathogenic bacteria and probiotics by neutralizing LPS inP. gingivalis, thus inhibiting inflammation and promoting wound healing.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the homeostasis of oral microbiomes played an indispensable role in maintaining oral heath, provided hopeful methods for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and had some referential value for other systemic diseases caused by dysfunction of microbiota and MSCs.
Early-onset impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in dopaminergic neurons caused by α-synuclein
Authors: McKinnon Chris , De Snoo Mitchell L. , Gondard Elise , Neudorfer Clemens , Chau Hien , Ngana Sophie G. , O’Hara Darren M. , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Koprich James B. , Lozano Andres M. , Kalia Lorraine V. , Kalia Suneil K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in selected brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), where marked loss of dopaminergic neurons is also observed. Yet, the relationship between misfolded α-synuclein and neurotoxicity currently remains unclear. As the principal route for degradation of misfolded proteins in mammalian cells, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical for maintenance of cellular proteostasis. Misfolded α-synuclein impairs UPS function and contributes to neuronal death in vitro. Here, we examine its effects in vivo using adeno-associated viruses to co-express A53T α-synuclein and the ubiquitinated reporter protein UbG76V-GFP in rat SNpc. We found that α-synuclein over-expression leads to early-onset catalytic impairment of the 26S proteasome with associated UPS dysfunction, preceding the onset of behavioural deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. UPS failure in dopaminergic neurons was also associated with selective accumulation of α-synuclein phosphorylated at the serine 129 residue, which has previously been linked to increased neurotoxicity. Our study highlights a role for α-synuclein in disturbing proteostasis which may contribute to neurodegeneration in vivo.
Real-time crustal monitoring system of Japanese Islands based on spatio-temporal seismic velocity variation
Authors: Hutapea Fernando Lawrens , Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Tatsunori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo continuously monitor crustal behavior associated with earthquakes, magmatic activities and other environmental effects (e.g., tides and rain precipitation), we have developed a continuous monitoring system of seismic velocity of the Japanese Islands. The system includes four main processing procedures to obtain spatio-temporal velocity changes: (1) preparing ambient-noise data; (2) creating virtual seismograms between pairs of seismometer stations by applying seismic interferometry; (3) estimating temporal velocity variations from virtual seismograms by stretching interpolation approach, and (4) mapping spatio-temporal velocity variations. We developed a data-processing scheme that removes unstable stretching interpolation results by using the median absolute deviation technique and a median filter. To map velocity changes with high stability and high temporal resolution during long-term (i.e., longer-term monitoring), we proposed the “sliding reference method”. We also developed evaluation method to select the optimum parameters related to stability and temporal resolution. To reduce computation time for continuous monitoring, we applied parallel computation methods, such as shared memory and hybrid distributed memory parallelization. Using our efficient and stable monitoring system, we succeeded to continuously monitor the spatio-temporal velocity variation of the whole Japanese Islands using ambient-noise data from 767 seismometers. Finally, we developed a web application that displays spatio-temporal velocity changes. In the monitoring results that we open through the website, we identified velocity variation (e.g., pore pressure variation) that could be related to earthquake, aftershock, magmatic activities and environmental effects in a stable manner.
Green synthesized hydroxamic acid administered in high dose disrupts the antioxidant balance in the hepatic and splenic tissues of albino rats
Authors: Otuechere Chiagoziem A. , Adewuyi Adewale , Bankole Oluwabukola 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Hydroxamic acids are currently being used in diverse biological activities. We investigated the effect of hydroxamic acid, synthesized from Cyperus esculentus seeds, on the antioxidant status of the liver, spleen, and kidney of Wistar rats.

Methods
Twenty male rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups using hydroxamic acid at doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg and a control group using distilled water. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after a seven-day repeated oral dosing. After that, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the organs.

Results
Our data showed that MDA levels remained unaltered in the liver, spleen, and kidney. However, it was found that hydroxamic acid at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased SOD activity but depleted CAT, GPx activities and GSH levels in the liver when compared to the control groups. In splenic tissue, SOD activity and GSH levels were significantly diminished. Contrarily, in the kidney, treatment of rats with 50 mg/kg hydroxamic acid did not affect SOD activity, but GPx activity was increased while GST activity was decreased when compared to the controls.

Conclusion
Overall, hydroxamic acid may enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney. However, caution is required at higher doses to forestall oxidative stress in the hepatic and splenic tissues.
Gluten-free biscuits produced from new drought tolerant corn hybrids: processing and evaluation
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M. , Yaseen Attia A. , Esmail Ramadan M. , Mohammad Ayman A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Drought tolerance and grain quality are the main challenges in maize cultivation due to climatic changes and population growth. So, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of nixtamalized corn flour (NCF) obtained from new drought-tolerant white corn hybrids planted under drought conditions for gluten-free biscuits production. Chemical compositions of corn hybrids, pasting properties of dough, and physical and sensory characteristics of biscuits were evaluated.

Results
Protein, fat, crude fiber, and ash contents of corn hybrids differed significantly, while there were no significant differences between carbohydrate contents. NCF showed lower peak viscosity, trough value, breakdown, and final and setback viscosities as compared to raw Single Cross Giza (SC 10) flour. This indicates that nixtamalization process reduced retrogradation capability of the produced corn flours. Corn flour with the lowest retrogradation tendency was the one produced from genotype No. 5. Baking quality, sensory properties, and color attributes indicated that biscuits made from NCF of hybrids No. 2 and 5 were significantly more acceptable compared to other samples.

Conclusion
Gluten-free biscuits could be produced using NCF of all white hybrids with acceptable quality. Moreover, superior sensory characteristics of samples manufactured from genotypes No. 2 and 5 and thereby suitable for gluten-hypersensitive patients.
Time-lapse ground penetrating radar difference reflection imaging of saline tracer flow in fractured rock
Authors: Giertzuch Peter-Lasse , Doetsch Joseph , Jalali Mohammadreza , Shakas Alexis , Schmelzbach Cédric , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: February 2020

The characterization of flow and transport processes in fractured rock is challenging because they cannot be observed directly and hydrologic tests can only provide sparse and local data. Time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be a valuable tool to monitor such processes in the subsurface, but it requires highly reproducible data. As part of a tracer injection experiment at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) in Switzerland, borehole reflection GPR data were acquired in a time-lapse survey to monitor saline tracer flow through a fracture network in crystalline rock. Because the reflections from the tracer in the sub-mm fractures appear extremely weak, a differencing approach has been necessary to identify the tracer signal. Furthermore, several processing steps and corrections had to be applied to meet the reproducibility requirements. These steps include (1) single-trace preprocessing, (2) temporal trace alignment, (3) correction of sampling rate fluctuations, (4) spatial trace alignment, (5) spike removal, and (6) postprocessing procedures applied to the difference images. This allowed successful tracer propagation monitoring with a clear signal that revealed two separate tracer flow paths. The GPR results are confirmed by conductivity meters that were placed in boreholes in the GTS. If sufficient data processing is applied, GPR is shown to be capable of resolving tracer flow through sub-mm aperture fractures by difference reflection imaging even in challenging surroundings where many reflectors are present.
Perspectives of double beta and dark matter search as windows to new physics
Authors: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus H. V. 
Published: February 2020

Nuclear double beta decay provides an extraordinarily broad potential to search for beyond Standard Model physics, probing already now the TeV scale, on which new physics should manifest itself. These possibilities are reviewed here. First, the results of present generation experiments are presented. The most sensitive one of them - the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment in the Gran Sasso - probes the electron mass now in the sub eV region and has reached recently a limit of ~ 0.1 eV. This limit has striking influence on presently discussed neutrino mass scenarios. Basing to a large extent on the theoretical work of the Heidelberg Double Beta Group in the last two years, results are obtained also for SUSY models (R-parity breaking, sneutrino mass), leptoquarks (leptoquark-Higgs coupling), compositeness, right-handed W boson mass, test of special relativity and equivalence principle in the neutrino sector and others. These results are comfortably competitive to corresponding results from high-energy accelerators like TEVATRON, HERA, etc. One of the enriched 7Ge detectors also yields the most stringent limits for cold dark matter (WIMPs) to date by using raw data. Second, future perspectives of ßß research are discussed. A new Heidelberg experimental proposal (GENIUS) will allow to increase the sensitivity for Majorana neutrino masses from the present level of at best 0.1 eV down to 0.01 or even 0.001 eV. Its physical potential would be a breakthrough into the multi-TeV range for many beyond standard models. Its sensitivity for neutrino oscillation parameters would be larger than of all present terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments and of those planned for the future. It could probe directly the large angle, and for almost degenerate neutrino mass scenarios even the small angle solution of the solar neutrino problem. It would further, already in a first step using only 100 kg of natural Ge detectors, cover almost the full MSSM parameter space for prediction of neutralinos as cold dark matter, making the experiment competitive to LHC in the search for supersymmetry. Finally GENIUS could be used as the first real time detector of solar pp neutrinos.
Norovirus genogroup correlation with acute diarrhea severity in Indonesian pediatric patients aged 1-60 months: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fardah Athiyyah Alpha , Shigemura Katsumi , Kitagawa Koichi , Agustina Nazara , Darma Andy , Ranuh Reza , Raharjo Dadik , Shirakawa Toshiro , Fujisawa Masato , Marto Sudarmo Subijanto 
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between norovirus genogroup and severity of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 participants aged 1-60 months admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea from April 2012 to March 2013. Norovirus genogroups (GI and II) were identified from patient stool using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system. Results: In total, 91 stool samples were obtained, of which 31 (19%) were norovirus positive. Norovirus GI was found in one sample with mild diarrhea. Norovirus GII was found in 30 samples (96.8%); one sample with mild diarrhea (3.3%), 20 samples with moderate diarrhea (66.7%), and nine samples with severe diarrhea (30%). Conclusion: Norovirus GII was the most prevalent cause of acute diarrhea and 30% of the cases manifested as severe diarrhea.
Toolkit of methodological resources to conduct systematic reviews
Authors: Roqué Marta , Martínez-García Laura , Solà Ivan , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bonfill Xavier , Zamora Javier 
Published: February 2020

Background: Systematic reviews (SR) can be classified by type depending on the research question they are based on. This work identifies and describes the most relevant methodological resources to conduct high-quality reviews that answer clinical questions regarding prevalence, prognosis, diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of interventions. Methods: Methodological resources have been identified from literature searches and consulting guidelines from institutions that develop SRs. The selected resources are organized by type of SR, and stage of development of the review (formulation of the research question, development of the protocol, literature search, risk of bias assessment, synthesis of findings, assessment of the quality of evidence, and report of SR results and conclusions). Results: Although the different types of SRs are developed following the same steps, each SR type requires specific methods, differing in characteristics and complexity. The extent of methodological development varies by type of SR, with more solid guidelines available for diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of interventions SRs. This methodological toolkit describes the most up-to-date risk of bias instruments: Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool and Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) for prognostic SRs, Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool (QUADAS-2) for diagnostic accuracy SRs, Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB-2) and Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions studies tool (ROBINS-I) for efficacy of interventions SRs, as well as the latest developments on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Conclusions: This structured compilation of the best methodological resources for each type of SR may prove to be a very useful tool for those researchers that wish to develop SRs or conduct methodological research works on SRs.
A multilayer polyurethane foam dressing for pressure ulcer prevention in older hip fracture patients: an economic evaluation
Authors: Forni Cristiana , Searle Richard 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PU) have a substantial negative impact on patients and continue to impose a cost burden on hospital providers. Since the incidence of fragility fracture is growing, driven by the increase in the older population, it is expected that the overall incidence of associated complications will also increase accordingly. The aim of this economic evaluation was to determine whether the use of a multilayer, silicone-adhesive polyurethane foam dressing (ALLEVYN LIFE, Smith & Nephew, UK) alongside standard prevention (SP) for the prevention of PUs in older patients with hip fractures is a cost-effective strategy, compared with SP alone. Method: A decision-analytic model was constructed to determine the incremental cost and effectiveness of the foam dressing strategy from the perspectives of the Italian and US hospital systems. We also performed one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: The foam dressing intervention was found to be cost saving and more effective than SP in both Italy and the US. Switching to foam dressing and standard prevention would result in an expected cost saving of €733 per patient in Italy and $840 per patient in the US, reducing the per-patient cost of treating PUs by 37-69% and 36–68%, respectively. The one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the strategy remains dominant over a range of values of the input variables. Conclusion: The foam dressing intervention is likely to be a cost-effective strategy compared with standard prevention alone.
Endoscopic pyrometric temperature sensor
Authors: Vilches Sergio , Ataman Çağlar , Zappe Hans 
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate a pyrometric contact-less temperature sensor using a flexible fused silica fiber of 360 µm diameter able to measure down to 30°C with a precision better than 1°C at 10 Hz. Silica fibers, as opposed to dedicated mid-IR fibers, are non-degrading, low-cost, and bio-compatible. The large bandwidth (up to several kilohertz) and the broad temperature range (up to 235°C) of the sensor can be instrumental for time-resolved analysis and control of laser ablation and electrothermal surgery procedures.
Chip-scale blue light phased array
Authors: Chul Shin Min , Mohanty Aseema , Watson Kyle , Bhatt Gaurang R. , Phare Christopher T. , Miller Steven A. , Zadka Moshe , Lee Brian S. , Ji Xingchen , Datta Ipshita , Lipson Michal 
Published: February 2020

Compact beam steering in the visible spectral range is required for a wide range of emerging applications, such as augmented and virtual reality displays, optical traps for quantum information processing, biological sensing, and stimulation. Optical phased arrays (OPAs) can shape and steer light to enable these applications with no moving parts on a compact chip. However, OPA demonstrations have been mainly limited to the near-infrared spectral range due to the fabrication and material challenges imposed by the shorter wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate the first chip-scale phased array operating at blue wavelengths (488 nm) using a high-confinement silicon nitride platform. We use a sparse aperiodic emitter layout to mitigate fabrication constraints at this short wavelength and achieve wide-angle beam steering over a 50° field of view with a full width at half-maximum beam size of 0.17°. Large-scale integration of this platform paves the way for fully reconfigurable chip-scale three-dimensional volumetric light projection across the entire visible range.