bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ decreases with age and correlates with the decline in muscle function in Drosophila
Authors: Delrio-Lorenzo Alba , Rojo-Ruiz Jonathan , Alonso María Teresa , García-Sancho Javier 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age, has been linked to impairment of the cytosolic Ca2+ peak that triggers muscle contraction, but mechanistic details remain unknown. Here we explore the hypothesis that a reduction in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]SR) is at the origin of this loss of Ca2+ homeostasis. We engineered Drosophila melanogaster to express the Ca2+ indicator GAP3 targeted to muscle SR, and we developed a new method to calibrate the signal into [Ca2+]SR in vivo. [Ca2+]SR fell with age from ∼600 µM to 50 µM in close correlation with muscle function, which declined monotonically when [Ca2+]SR was &lt;400 µM. [Ca2+]SR results from the pump-leak steady state at the SR membrane. However, changes in expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump and of the ryanodine receptor leak were too modest to explain the large changes seen in [Ca2+]SR. Instead, these changes are compatible with increased leakiness through the ryanodine receptor as the main determinant of the [Ca2+]SR decline in aging muscle. In contrast, there were no changes in endoplasmic reticulum [Ca2+] with age in brain neurons.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Acute Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance Among Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Beddoes Zack , Castelli Darla M. , Barcelona Jeanne M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
As part of a larger project, the purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity (PA) intensity and cognitive effects of a single session of acute PA among elementary schoolchildren.

METHODS
Participants included 465 school-aged children (47% female, aged 7.9 ± 2.2 y) from 40 classrooms. Classes were randomized to treatment (high-intensity PA; n = 22) and control groups (low-intensity PA; n = 18). Children wore accelerometers during participation in PA in the classroom. Confirming fidelity of the treatment, children in the high-PA group (i.e., dance, running in place) accumulated (mean = 347.94; SD = 185.63) steps with a total of 38% of the time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). A randomized cluster design using pre/postassessments was used to measure cognitive performance in children. Cognitive tasks included (a) timed mathematics test, (b) Trail Making Test, and (c) a visual memory task.

RESULTS
Despite PA significantly differed between the high- and low-PA groups in steps (P < 0.001) and time in moderate to vigorous PA (P < 0.001), there were no observable significant differences in cognitive performance between the high- and low-PA groups for any of the cognitive tasks.

CONCLUSION
The volume of PA, and both duration and intensity were not high enough to produce an immediate cognitive response in children. Future research could explore the impact of task-relevant PA on cognitive function in children within the classroom, and the effect of high-intensity, short-duration PA over time.
Paying to Program? Engineering Brand and High-Tech Wages
Authors: Tambe Prasanna , Ye Xuan , Cappelli Peter 
Published: January 2020

We test the hypothesis that information technology (IT) workers accept a compensating differential to work with emerging IT systems and that employers that invest in these systems can, in turn, capture greater value from the wages they pay. We show that much of the utility IT workers derive from these systems is from skills acquired on the job. This is principally true for younger workers at employers where skill development is encouraged, and the effects are stronger in thicker markets where workers with newer skills have more outside options. An analysis of the text in online employer reviews supports the notion that IT workers value access to interesting IT systems above most other employer attributes. These findings are important because (1) they provide evidence of how worker preferences can influence corporate IT investment decisions, (2) they shed light on factors influencing IT skill development, and (3) they point to a potentially important explanation for returns from IT investments. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Short-Term Investors, Long-Term Investments, and Firm Value: Evidence from Russell 2000 Index Inclusions
Authors: Cremers Martijn , Pareek Ankur , Sautner Zacharias 
Published: January 2020

We document that an increase in short-horizon investors is associated with cuts to long-term investment and increased short-term earnings. This leads to temporary boosts in equity valuations that reverse over time. To estimate these effects, we use difference-in-differences regressions around firms’ additions to the Russell 2000, comparing firms with large and small increases in short-term ownership. We proxy for the presence of short-term investors using ownership by transient institutions. Our results suggest that short-term pressures by investors can lead to myopic firm behavior. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Establishing surgical indications for hamstring lengthening and femoral derotational osteotomy in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy
Authors: McCarthy James , Wade Shrader M. , Graham Kerr , Veerkamp Matthew , Brower Laura , Chambers Hank , Davids Jon R. , Kay Robert M. , Narayanan Unni , Novacheck Tom F. , Pierz Kristan , Rhodes Jason , Rutz Erich , Shilt Jeffery , Shore Benjamin J. , Theologis Tim , Van Campenhout Anja 
Published: January 2020

Purpose Surgical procedures, such as medial hamstring lengthening (MHL) and femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO), can improve the gait of children with cerebral palsy (CP); however, substantial variation exists in the factors that influence the decision to perform surgery. The purpose of this study was to use expert surgeon opinion through a Delphi technique to establish consensus for indications in ambulatory children with CP. Methods A 15-member panel, all established experts with at least nine years’ experience in the surgical management of children with CP, was created (mean of 20.81 years’ experience). All panel members also had expertise of the use of movement analysis for the assessment of gait disorders in children with CP. The group initially focused on two of the most commonly performed procedures, MHL and FDO, in an attempt to gain consensus (> 80%). This was obtained through a standardized, iterative Delphi process. Results For MHL, a total of 59 questions were surveyed: 41 indication questions and 18 outcome questions, for which there was consensus on ten indication questions and seven outcomes. For FDO, a total of 55 questions were surveyed: 43 indication questions and 12 outcome questions, for which there was consensus on 29 indication questions and eight outcomes. Conclusion This study is the first to use an expert panel to identify best-practice indications for common surgical procedures of children with CP. The results from this study will allow for more informed evaluation of practice and form the basis for future improvement efforts to standardize surgical recommendations internationally. Level of Evidence Level IV
Perineural invasion in intramedullary spinal cord metastasis
Authors: Jayakumar N , Ismail H , Athar S , Ashwood N 
Published: January 2020

A woman in her late sixties was referred to the orthopaedic clinic with progressive lower limb weakness and gait disturbance. She was known to have breast cancer with pre-existing infiltrative disease in the left brachial plexus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the lower cervical cord at C6–C7. She underwent surgical excision but died within six weeks of surgery. This rare case of an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis highlights the extremely poor prognosis in this condition as well as the possibility of perineural invasion into the spinal cord from the brachial plexus lesion. A detailed discussion of the literature on intramedullary spinal cord metastases is also presented.
Assessing the temporal uniformity of CIELAB hue angle
Authors: Kong Xiangzhen , Wei Minchen , Murdoch Michael J. , Vogels Ingrid , Heynderickx Ingrid 
Published: January 2020

In recent work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 36, 1022 (2019)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.001022], we found that

Δ

E

ab

∗

/

s

in CIELAB is not suitable for describing the perceived speed of temporal color changes in full-room illumination. Two hue transitions with the same physical speed of change, in terms of

Δ

E

ab

∗

/

s

, were not perceived to change at the same speed. This is not really surprising, since CIELAB was not designed to characterize the perception of temporal color transitions in illumination. In this study, we further investigate the temporal uniformity of CIELAB. The stimuli were presented in a square of 4.3° visual angle surrounded by a 4000 K adapting field, similar to the viewing condition for which CIELAB was designed (i.e., where color stimuli are presented on-axis surrounded by a static adaptation field). The human observers viewed pairs of temporal color transitions which were presented sequentially, and were asked to select the one that appeared to change faster. The results confirmed that under these conditions CIELAB was also not temporally uniform. We present preliminary attempts to improve the temporal uniformity for both CIELAB and cone-excitation spaces (i.e., LMS and DKL (Derrington–Krauskopf–Lennie [J. Physiol. 357, 241 (1984)JPHYA70022-375110.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015499]).
Non-contact surface grating coupling for arrays of atom–photonic devices
Authors: van Lange A. J. , Lof A. , van Oosten D. 
Published: January 2020

For future atom–photonic devices, the incoupling method is expected to become the main bottleneck in the scaling of the number of devices, as current devices use side-coupling, which is restricted to the sample edges. This paper describes how light from above is coupled directly from free space into a freestanding membrane of 220 nm thin silicon nitrite (

Si
3

N
4

) with surface grating couplers. The design for these couplers is modeled, captured in an elegant design formula, and experimentally tested. A coupling efficiency of 12% makes experimental coupling to an array of atom–photonic devices possible. The elegant design formula makes grating design straightforward for all-dielectric materials and wavelengths. For this formula, determination of the correct effective index of the specific waveguide mode inside the grating layer is essential.
Underwater 3D deblurring-gated range-intensity correlation imaging
Authors: Wang Minmin , Wang Xinwei , Sun Liang , Yang Yuqing , Zhou Yan 
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) range-gated imaging has great potential in underwater target detection, navigation, and marine scientific research due to good backscatter suppression. However, in turbid water, apparent backscatter leads to bad range resolution and accuracy in 3D reconstruction. To solve this problem, a 3D deblurring-gated range-intensity correlation imaging method is proposed based on light propagation property in water. In the method, only the water attenuation coefficient and a reference image are needed to calculate the depth-noise maps (DNM) of target gate images at different ranges. By subtracting the DNMs from target gate images, new gate images with less noise can be obtained, and then 3D images with high range resolution and accuracy are reconstructed. To prove the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments have been performed in pools under different water conditions. The results show that a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement is about 9 dB in new gated images.
Immediate placement of denture over undiagnosed ameloblastoma
Authors: Santos Nathalia Curto dos , Schwarzmeier Lígia Ângelo Tavares , Carta Celina Faig Lima , Carvalho Yasmin Rodarte de , Almeida Janete Dias 
Published: January 2020

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor that affects the bones of the jaw, often affecting posterior region of the mandible. It is a benign neoplasm and is fre­quently associated to an unerupted tooth. The purpose of this article is to report a case of failure in making an immediate full denture in a patient that had an ameloblastoma. A female patient aged 67 years complained of a hard swelling in the right mandible at the premolar region, that she noted after teeth extraction and confection of an immediate denture. Intraoral examination showed buccal and lingual cortical plate expansion and radiograph examination showed multilocular radiolucency with a well-defined margin. Fine needle aspiration was nonproductive and the provisional diagnosis was ameloblastoma. An incisional biopsy was performed and the histopathological report was conclusive of an acanthomatous ameloblastoma. The patient was sent for surgical excision of the lesion and after three years, the patient returned reporting that she was operated elsewhere in the past year and had an unsuccessful bone graft. She was sent to a prosthodontist to make a complete denture. In the present case the ameloblastoma was diagnosed only after the teeth extraction and immediate denture. KeywordsAmeloblastoma; Diagnosis; Mandibular neoplasms; Odontogenic tumors.
Diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp test for the evaluation of pulp vitality: an in vivo study
Authors: Janani Krishnamachari , Palanivelu Ajitha , Sandhya Raghu 
Published: January 2020

Background: the efficiency of the diagnostic aids plays an important role in the treatment plan. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with a customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp tester in assessing the actual pulp status and to evaluate the oxygen saturation level in control healthy teeth, non-vital and teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: thirty-seven single canal teeth requiring endodontic therapy were included in the study. The selected teeth were tested with dental pulse oximeter, electric pulp test, cold spray, and heated gutta percha stick. Between each test a time lag of 2 minutes was allowed for the central sensitization to occur. Three blinded operators were involved in the study. The actual status of the pulp was evaluated after the initiation of endodontic treatment. To assess the actual pulp status direct visual examination of access cavity as performed. The data was statistically analysed using (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance and Post-hoc Tukey test. Results: sensitivity of pulse oximeter, heat test, cold and electric pulp test, was 100, 25, 50, and 12, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 100, 72 81, and 77, respectively. The ANOVA showed that there was statistical difference between all the groups (p=0.0005). Post-Hoc Tukey revealed that there was statistical difference among all the groups, nonvital group (p=0.0005), control group (p=0.01) and for irreversible pulpitis (p=0.01). The overall diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximeter was 100% followed by cold test 66%, heat test to be 49% and electric pulp test to be 45%. Conclusion: the custom-made holder used in the present study aided in providing accurate response for pulp vitality testing. In this study the diagnostic accuracy was high with dental pulse oximeter followed by cold, heat and the least was electric pulp tester in different pulpal conditions.KEYWORDS Cold test; Heat test; Oxygen saturation; Pulse oximeter; Vitality tests.
Glycoalkaloids as medicinal agents from callus and regenerated plants of Solanum nigrum var. judaicum
Authors: Al-Ashaal Hanan Abd Al-Hay 
Published: January 2020

The target of this study is production of glycoalkaloids from cultures of Solanum nigrum var. judaicum Besser. Further, to evaluate their therapeutic effects. S. nigrum var. judaicum leaves were implanted in MS media containing growth regulators for in vitro study. HPLC analyses were applied for qualitative and quantitative determination of glycoalkaloids. Cytotoxic effects against human carcinoma cell lines were evaluated. In addition, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activities of the formed glycoalkaloids were estimated. HPLC data indicated the success of in vitro solasodine and solanidine glycosides production. Solasonine represented the highest concentration. Biological assays illustrated that obtained glycoalkaloids exhibited cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines that may be attributed to free radical scavenging activity (69.98%). Strong antiherps performance was observed (94%). In addition, the glycoalkaloids showed in vitro schistomicidal (IC50 76.4 ppm) and fasciolicidal (IC50 76.6 ppm) activities. In vivo anti-inflammatory assay revealed potent activity against carrageenan induced edema. Glycoalkaloids were formed 2-5 folds that of intact plant pointed to the efficiency of the cultures. The present findings referred to the pronounced biological performance of the produced glycoalkaloids including antiviral, cytotoxic anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activities. Botanical derived medication from S. nigrum var. judaicum could be accomplished guided with the present data.
How to open inquiry teaching? An alternative teaching scaffold to foster students’ inquiry skills
Authors: Baur Armin , Emden Markus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Students are expected to learn scientific inquiry. It consists of several individual processes that need to be coordinated. Recent teaching concepts have suggested fading students into a limited set of interconnected processes, mostly using backwards-fading techniques. The efficiency of open approaches to learning has been criticized repeatedly in science education research. Following a brief discussion of previous scaffolded inquiry teaching concepts developing students into “open inquiry”, it is argued that these have been interpreted too strictly in science classrooms: (i) restricting inquiry to too few processes; (ii) delivering support to students in an all-or-nothing fashion; (iii) understanding opening of inquiry as a one-way-street insensitive to needs of momentary closing. This is not justified by the situated character of pedagogical considerations that depend on learners’ needs and potentials, teachers’ strengths and insecurities, and potential constraints from content. An alternative matrix for teaching inquiry is suggested that distinguishes five processes in four variations of openness. An example from chemistry shows that the achieved degree of openness is derived from situated considerations and is not ruled by a priori decisions on openness. Nor is this decision governed by faithfully adhering to a schematic sequence (confirmatory → structured → guided → open inquiry).
Vibration measurements of paper prints and the data analysis
Authors: Kilikevicius Arturas , Jurevicius Mindaugas , Urbanavicius Robertas , Turla Vytautas , Kilikeviciene Kristina , Fursenko Antanas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses about the scatter of the intensity of vibration signals of paper prints and analyses their mechanical parameters applying the theory of covariance functions. It is an important practical problem, before starting printing process of colour prints, expecting the correct position of fixed raster points, to adjust the paper sheet tension between printing machine sections. The results of measuring the intensity of vibration signals at the fixed points were presented on a time scale in the form of arrays (matrices). The estimates of cross-covariance functions between digital arrays result in measuring the intensity of vibrations, and the estimates of auto-covariance functions of single arrays were calculated upon changing the quantization interval on the time scale. Application of normed auto-covariance and cross-covariance functions enables reduction of preprinting experimental measurements, which saves time (what is actual for industry). Tension force depends on the mechanical properties of the paper sheet and print. These characteristics depend on paper type, layers of printing colors and positioning of the coverage. In the calculation, the software Matlab 7 in batch statement environment was applied.
Labour-process-related Racism in Transnational European Production: Fragmenting Work meets Xenophobic Culturalisation among Workers
Authors: Hürtgen Stefanie 
Published: January 2020

This article discusses labour-process-related racism and xenophobia among workers. It uses empirical findings from different projects to argue that, to a large extent, actual racism and xenophobia refer to experiences of objectification/reification, namely by harsh social competition in contemporary fragmented and transnationalised production. Racism and xenophobia are discussed as specific forms of subjectification which reproduce and stabilise these competitive social relations among workers, within and beyond countries. Racism thus is part of a “restrictive agency” developed by workers – that is, their orientation towards the subordination under objectifying, seemingly non-changeable structures. As a consequence, the article concludes, the repressive structures have to be questioned, and for this purpose the intense debate on racism and right-wing populism among workers is one-sided; there must be more attention paid to progressive labour-process-related, universalistic orientations that exist, despite already long-lasting neo-liberalism.
KEY WORDS: racism; Labour Process Theory; transnational production networks; fragmentation; Europeanisation; Critical Psychology
Ten Years of the Global Labour Journal: Reflecting on the Rise of the New Global Labour Studies
Authors: Webster Edward , O'Brien Robert 
Published: January 2020

The article examines the origins of the Global Labour Journal (GLJ) and its goal of broadening labour studies. It shows how, over the past decade, the GLJ has recorded and analysed the forms of action and organisation that fall outside the traditional focus of labour studies. Through a range of careful case studies, the Journal has made an important contribution to the growing field of global labour studies. The two topics that have been the focus of most attention across all types of submissions have been: 1) precarious work and new forms of labour struggles; and 2) international trade unionism or transnational/global labour. The Journal has been successful in giving a platform to content from the Global South, but it is uneven and limited. Another major limitation is the failure to bridge the divide between the big questions raised in the Marx/Polanyi debates during the early phase of the Journal with the more concrete accounts of labour rediscovering its power on the periphery of labour movement. The article concludes by pointing towards possible options facing labour and the choices facing the GLJ.
KEY WORDS: Global labour; global labour studies; precarious work; future of labour