bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal complexity patterns of resting‐state bioelectrical activity explain fluid intelligence: Sex matters
Authors: Dreszer Joanna , Grochowski Marek , Lewandowska Monika , Nikadon Jan , Gorgol Joanna , Bałaj Bibianna , Finc Karolina , Duch Włodzisław , Kałamała Patrycja , Chuderski Adam , Piotrowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeural complexity is thought to be associated with efficient information processing but the exact nature of this relation remains unclear. Here, the relationship of fluid intelligence (gf) with the resting‐state EEG (rsEEG) complexity over different timescales and different electrodes was investigated. A 6‐min rsEEG blocks of eyes open were analyzed. The results of 119 subjects (57 men, mean age = 22.85 ± 2.84 years) were examined using multivariate multiscale sample entropy (mMSE) that quantifies changes in information richness of rsEEG in multiple data channels at fine and coarse timescales. gf factor was extracted from six intelligence tests. Partial least square regression analysis revealed that mainly predictors of the rsEEG complexity at coarse timescales in the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the temporo‐parietal complexities at fine timescales were relevant to higher gf. Sex differently affected the relationship between fluid intelligence and EEG complexity at rest. In men, gf was mainly positively related to the complexity at coarse timescales in the FPN. Furthermore, at fine and coarse timescales positive relations in the parietal region were revealed. In women, positive relations with gf were mostly observed for the overall and the coarse complexity in the FPN, whereas negative associations with gf were found for the complexity at fine timescales in the parietal and centro‐temporal region. These outcomes indicate that two separate time pathways (corresponding to fine and coarse timescales) used to characterize rsEEG complexity (expressed by mMSE features) are beneficial for effective information processing.
The impact of the Ebola crisis on mortality and welfare in Liberia
Authors: Da Costa Shaun M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak on individual and total welfare in Liberia during 2014/15. By combining mortality and household consumption data, it estimates how much individuals would be hypothetically willing to pay to avoid the EVD‐induced increase in age‐ and sex‐specific mortality rates. The results suggest that the total welfare loss associated with EVD‐related mortality ranges from $90 to $190 million, which is comparable to estimates based on the economic costs of EVD alone. In addition, the estimates lie between those derived from the cost‐of‐illness and value of statistical life approaches applied in previous works. This suggests that incorporating additional information on age‐ and sex‐specific mortality, as well as individual consumption levels, provides a more accurate estimation of the welfare loss due to EVD‐related mortality.
The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act evaluation study: Child and adolescent behavioral health service expenditures and utilization
Authors: Block Eryn Piper , Xu Haiyong , Azocar Francisca , Ettner Susan L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explores possible associations of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) with child access to behavioral health (BH) services (preimplementation = 2008–2009, transition = 2010, and post = 2011–2013). The study sample included children aged 4–17 years in self‐insured “carve‐in” plans from large employers. In “carve‐ins,” BH and medical care are covered through the same insurance plan. The unit of analysis is the person‐month (N = 61,823,533). This study employs an interrupted time series model allowing for intercept and slope changes for the transition and postparity periods. Outcomes included total, plan and patient out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditures, and several categories of service utilization. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering. There were significant increases in total and plan expenditures postparity. To illustrate, in July 2012, mean per‐member‐per‐month total expenditures were predicted to be $5.65 without parity but $8.72 with parity. Patient OOP costs did not change significantly. Significant overall increases were seen for utilization of most outpatient services but not intermediate or inpatient services. Our findings suggest that the introduction of MHPAEA was associated with an increase in specialty BH service access for children without a commensurate increase in financial burden for families.
Simple and complex carotid paragangliomas. Three decades of experience and literature review
Authors: Lozano Francisco S. , Muñoz Angel , de las Heras José A. , González‐Porras José R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarotid paragangliomas are rare tumors. They are usually unique, non‐secreting, resectable, and benign. However, additional rare cases of complex tumors (bilateral, secretory, nonresectable, or malignant) complicate the management and final outcomes.MethodsRecords of paragangliomas from our hospital are reviewed. Criteria defining complex paragangliomas have been previously defined. These are compared with those of the simple group.ResultsFifty patients, two groups: simple (n = 39) and complex (n = 11). The patients in the complex group were significantly younger (47.7 vs 63.8 years). Postoperative nerve complications (45.4% vs 6.3%) and mortality during follow‐up (27.3% vs 0%) were significantly more common in the complex group. Vascular complications (0% vs 3.1%) and early mortality (0%) were similarly in both groups.ConclusionsPatients with complex carotid paragangliomas are heterogeneous. The former are younger, exhibit a high degree of diagnostic and therapeutic complexity, and have poorer morbidity and mortality. Surgical experience and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential.
Genome‐wide Association Study and Meta‐analysis on Alcohol‐Associated Liver Cirrhosis Identifies Genetic Risk Factors
Authors: Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi , Darlay Rebecca , Mathurin Philippe , Masson Steven , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Mueller Sebastian , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Eyer Florian , Gleeson Dermot , Thompson Andrew , Muellhaupt Beat , Stickel Felix , Soyka Michael , Goldman David , Liang Tiebing , Lumeng Lawrence , Pirmohamed Munir , Nalpas Bertrand , Jacquet Jean‐Marc , Moirand Romain , Nahon Pierre , Naveau Sylvie , Perney Pascal , Botwin Greg , Haber Paul S. , Seitz Helmut K. , Day Christopher P. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Daly Ann K. , Cordell Heather J. , Whitfield John B. , Morgan Timothy R. , Seth Devanshi ,   for the GenomALC Consortium
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
Only a minority of heavy drinkers progress to alcohol‐associated cirrhosis (ALC). The aim of this study was to identify common genetic variants that underlie risk for ALC.

Approach and Results
We analyzed data from 1,128 subjects of European ancestry with ALC and 614 heavy‐drinking subjects without known liver disease from Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and three countries in Europe. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed, adjusting for principal components and clinical covariates (alcohol use, age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes). We validated our GWAS findings using UK Biobank. We then performed a meta‐analysis combining data from our study, the UK Biobank, and a previously published GWAS. Our GWAS found genome‐wide significant risk association of rs738409 in patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19 [G allele], P = 4.93 × 10−17) and rs4607179 near HSD17B13 (OR = 0.57 [C allele], P = 1.09 × 10−10) with ALC. Conditional analysis accounting for the PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 loci identified a protective association at rs374702773 in Fas‐associated factor family member 2 (FAF2) (OR = 0.61 [del(T) allele], P = 2.56 × 10−8) for ALC. This association was replicated in the UK Biobank using conditional analysis (OR = 0.79, P = 0.001). Meta‐analysis (without conditioning) confirmed genome‐wide significance for the identified FAF2 locus as well as PNPLA3 and HSD17B13. Two other previously known loci (SERPINA1 and SUGP1/TM6SF2) were also genome‐wide significant in the meta‐analysis. GeneOntology pathway analysis identified lipid droplets as the target for several identified genes. In conclusion, our GWAS identified a locus at FAF2 associated with reduced risk of ALC among heavy drinkers. Like the PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 gene products, the FAF2 product has been localized to fat droplets in hepatocytes.

Conclusions
Our genetic findings implicate lipid droplets in the biological pathway(s) underlying ALC.
Finding a pathway and making it strong: Learning from Yolŋu about meaningful health education in a remote Indigenous Australian context
Authors: Lowell Anne , Maypilama Elaine Läwurrpa , Gundjarranbuy Rosemary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedAccess to meaningful health information is limited in remote regions of Australia where Indigenous languages and culture are strong but the prevalence of chronic conditions is extremely high. This qualitative study aimed to support and understand the evolution of an educational approach to improve communication about chronic conditions for Yolŋu (Aboriginal people of Northeast Arnhem Land).MethodsWithin a culturally responsive research design, data were gathered through participant observation and semi‐structured interviews with educators and community members. An iterative and continuous process of data collection and inductive analysis, exploring key elements of the process as it evolved, supported the Project Team to modify and refine their approach as the project progressed.ResultsA high level of community participation and control was a critical element of the project. Collaboration between Yolŋu educators and community experts, with culturally competent support from others, enabled Yolŋu to share health information in ways that could not be achieved by outsiders. Yolŋu and biomedical knowledges were integrated to build and share meaningful, in‐depth (not simplified or directive) oral explanations in local languages using culturally responsive communication processes. The urgent need for ongoing, sufficient and meaningful health education was a consistent and recurring theme in this context where chronic conditions are having a devastating impact.ConclusionSustained and equitable access to meaningful information, using a culturally responsive approach led by community educators, is crucial to improve health literacy and to enable genuinely informed decisions in prevention and management of chronic conditions. Long‐term funding is needed to support ongoing programs. These findings may have relevance for others who do not share the culture and language of the majority population.So what?Equity of access to meaningful health information through sustained support for community‐led education processes is essential to improve First Nations health outcomes.
Medical intervention before death of elderly in India: An inquiry into gender‐based difference
Authors: Ghosh Dona , Sengupta Jayedeep 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundDemographic shift in India has prolonged life expectancy. The phenomenon caused episodes of illness to protract and sufferings of the elderly populace to be aggravated. In such a situation, medical attention and hospital‐based care emerges as an important choice for many. However, such argument needs scientific validation that is attempted in the present article.MethodUsing nationally representative sample, the study attempts a comparative analysis and estimates the major socioeconomic determinants of medical intervention before death, for the senior citizens, aged 60 years and above.FindingsMajor findings are as follows: Firstly, gender discrepancy is evident in seeking medical attention and hospitalization when social caste and economic status of household are considered; secondly, medical attention or hospitalization is more familiar among the socioeconomically privileged group segment; thirdly, health‐seeking behavior is approaching towards homogeneity with all the four wealth quartiles showing a more or less equal preference for hospital‐based care.ConclusionReceiving medical attention before death is confined in the privileged section of the society and of course gender plays an important role in this regard. Lack of proper treatment still increases the incidences of death among the elderly at the lower segments of society.
Buoyancy forces and activation energy on the MHD radiative flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with second‐order slip
Authors: Sandhya Gogula , Sarojamma Ganganapalli , Satya Narayana Panyam Venkata , Venkateswarlu Bhumavarapu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current study explores the effects of second‐order slip and activation energy (AE) on the magnetohydrodynamic and radiative fluid flow caused by a surface with exponential stretching. The binary chemical reaction with mixed convection is considered in this physical model to discover the heat transfer phenomenon. The governing system of equations leads to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using scaling analysis. The transformed system is calculated computationally by using the most powerful Shooting procedure with the support of MATLAB software. The characteristics of various flow parameters on the governing flow field are exhibited pictorially and deliberated. The results revealed that the coefficient of heat and mass transfer upsurge with growing values of the second‐order slip parameter and skin friction coefficient has a reverse effect on the first‐order slip parameter. The thermal measure of the fluid in the presence of suction and slip conditions is seen to be lesser than that with the nonslip and nonsuction conditions. The heat measure of the fluid augments with the rising buoyancy parameter. The influence of slips coupled with AE is significant in the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The outputs of the current investigation are validated by comparing the Nusselt number with the available results and are found to closely agree as a limiting case.
Fossil energy consumption, economic development, inward FDI impact on CO2 emissions in Pakistan: Testing EKC hypothesis through ARDL model
Authors: Ali Muhammad Uzair , Gong Zhimin , Ali Muhammad Ubaid , Wu Xiong , Yao Chen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rapid rise in carbon production has been broadly accepted as a serious global issue and has become the centre of focus for policy makers and researchers. The consumption of fossil energy has been a chief source of carbon dioxide emission; in the meantime, academics focus on fossil energy consumption impact on carbon dioxide in developing like Pakistan is very infrequent. The current study investigated the long‐run and short‐run elasticities between economic development, square of economic development, fossil energy consumption, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and carbon dioxide emission by utilizing the auto‐regressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound test technique for Pakistan from 1975 to 2014. The outcomes of co‐integration have confirmed the existence of long‐run relationship between variables. The results of short‐run and long‐run dynamics have confirmed the inverted U‐shaped relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emission. ARDL model long run and short run coefficients have indicated that the fossil energy consumption has positive impact on carbon dioxide emission. Moreover, the impact of FDI on carbon emission is also quite considerable. Overall, the outcomes propose that Pakistan should encourage sustainable growth through energy efficiency, support the use of low GHG emission and efficient technologies, increase the consumption of renewable energy sources and channel the inward FDI to environment‐friendly technologies.
Financial rigidities and oil‐based business cycles
Authors: Ghiaie Hamed , Tabarraei Hamidreza , Shahmoradi Asghar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe structural model of this paper incorporates a heterogeneous financial sector and an oil fund into a micro‐founded new Keynesian framework. We take a novel approach in introducing an oil fund into the model. This approach features a rule‐based budget financing, linkages between the oil and financial sectors and a saving mechanism for future generations. The primary goal is to examine the role of financial and non‐financial rigidities in an oil‐exporting economy. We show that financial rigidities are key in propagating shocks across sectors by differentiating interest rates in the economy. In addition, the financial sector transfers shocks from one sector to another through its intermediary role. We find that the oil fund plays a key role in the stabilization/propagation of oil price fluctuations through the saving‐liquidity transfer channel used by the central bank. These channels connect and amplify business and financial cycles in oil‐exporting economies.
Faith‐based versus value‐based finance: Is there any portfolio diversification benefit between responsible and Islamic finance?
Authors: Ali Md Hakim , Uddin Md Akther , Khan Md. Atiqur Rahman , Goud Blake 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to explore whether responsible investment and Islamic (Shari'ah‐compliant) investment, which have many similarities in objectives but some differences in how they are implemented, hold any diversification benefits for investors across a variety of investment horizons. We adopt an advanced econometric estimation using MGARCH‐DCC and wavelet using daily returns data between January 1, 1997, and May 22, 2017. We find indications that responsible investment strategies can offer some hedging benefit to Islamic investors and vice versa. Moreover, the returns from this hedging strategy are higher for those addressing a shorter‐term rather than long‐term investment horizon. One exception was that we found diversification benefits for both short‐ and long‐term focused investors during the financial crisis, when the time‐varying correlation were near their lowest point.
The impact of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area. Structural and scenario analysis from a Bayesian VAR
Authors: Evgenidis Anastasios , Papadamou Stephanos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper employs a medium scale Bayesian VAR model to provide a rich picture of the transmission of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) shocks in various dimensions of the economy, and to shed light on the appropriate policy mix that the central bank could adopt to fulfil its price stability mandate. We show that UMP shocks have a significant positive impact on both economic activity and inflation; stem financial market stress episodes and boost economic sentiment. Additionally, several channels seem to have been activated, including the exchange rate, inflation expectations and the bank lending channel. Counterfactual policy analysis suggests that a policy mix that combines the use of permanently negative interest rates with a balance sheet expansion at a steady pace over a long period, could bring inflation closer to the target. Alternative policy scenarios that, either give more weight on the purchases during the first months or, terminate asset purchases too early, would fail to keep inflation on track to meet its target.
Non‐performing assets and its determinants in the Indian banking system: An empirical analysis using dynamic panel data models
Authors: Mishra Aswini Kumar , Jain Shikhar , Abid Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon‐performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system are currently one of the biggest financial threats to the Indian economy. The gross NPAs for Indian banks have increased by nearly four times from nearly USD 35 billion as of March 2014 to more than USD 150 billion as of March 2018. The factors responsible for this are political, macroeconomic as well as bank‐specific in nature. In this study, we study the determinants of NPAs for Indian banks by using a panel dataset for 40 public and private banks in India, for the period March 2010 to June 2019 (quarterly‐frequency). Among the macro‐economic variables, we find the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation, policy repo rate, and exchange rate to be significant determinants of NPAs. Among the bank‐specific variables, we find gross loans and advances, provisions and contingencies, income on investments, and sector of bank (Public vs. Private) to be significant determinants of NPAs. We also find the role of demonetization (2016) towards influencing the NPAs of Indian banks, to be insignificant. Finally, we also provide some policy implications and remedial measures to tackle the problem of NPAs.
A new risk measurement method for China's carbon market
Authors: Yang Xianzi , Zhang Chen , Yang Yu , Wang Wenjun , Wagan Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon markets were set up with the aim to achieve carbon reduction target and sustainable development. However, market risk has become one of the key factors influencing continuous development of carbon markets. Different from traditional financial asset price, carbon price has a heterogeneous characteristic in its tail distribution. The current value at risk (VaR) model with student t or generalized error distribution (GED) cannot describe the asymmetric tail distribution of carbon price. Therefore, this article propose to develop a combined model for China's carbon market risk measurement. First, extend generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) with standardized standard asymmetric exponential power distribution (SSAEPD) to reflect volatility clustering phenomenon and heterogeneous distribution character of China's carbon price. Then, genetic algorithm (GA) was innovatively used to solve GARCH‐SSAEPD linear programming instead of interior‐point algorithm. Finally, use VaR to measure the carbon market risk. The new model (GARCH‐SSAEPD‐GA‐VaR) is implied to China's carbon market and compared with the traditional GARCH‐VaR model, the empirical results show: (a) Compared with current VaR framework, the GARCH‐SSAEPD‐GA‐VaR model we constructed can help describe the heterogeneous tail distribution of carbon price and help increase the precision of carbon market risk measurement. (b) SSAEPD can capture fat‐tail, asymmetric effects of China's carbon price more entirely, which puts forward a new method to study the evolvement laws of carbon market risk. (c) GA is effective to achieve global optimum to some extent in parameter estimation. This study contribute to developing theory and methodology of describing particularity features of carbon price, increasing the accuracy of carbon market risk measurement and provide a new perspective for investigating the evolvement regularity of China's carbon market risks.