bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-26 The influence of breed, growing phase nutrition, and finishing system (pasture vs. feedlot) on the relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism in longissimus muscle
Authors: Torrecilhas Juliana A , Vito Elias San , Fonseca Larissa , Simioni Tiago , Lage Josiane , Fiorentini Giovani , Engle Terry , Berchielli Telma 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of beef cattle breed, nutritional treatment, and finishing strategy (pasture vs. feedlot) on the relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism in longissimus muscle (LM). Eighty-three uncastrated males from three genetic groups: Nellore (N), ½ Angus x ½ Nellore (A) and ½ Senepol x ½ Nellore (S), were randomly assigned to dietary treatments supplied during the growing phase. Treatments consisted of mineral supplement or concentrate supplement (0.3% BW). Following the growing phase, two replicates within each treatment x breed group were randomly assigned to one of two finishing systems (Figure 1): Pasture grazing + concentrate (PC) and Conventional feedlot (CF), both are supplemented at 2% BW/had/d (Table 1). After 209 days the animals were slaughtered, an LM sample (5.0g) was removed between 12th and 13th ribs from each animal and frozen (liquid nitrogen). The relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism was measured by qRT-PCR. Target genes include PPARα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, SCD1, LPL, FBP4, CPT2, ACOX and ACCα. The ∆∆ Ct was used to calculate the data and analyzed using the mixed procedures of SAS for a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Mineral supplementation during the growing phase increased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of mRNA of PPARα and PPARγ compared to concentrate. The relative abundance of PPARγ, SREBP1c, SCD1, FABP4, ACOX, was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in CF compared to PC. Angus LM muscle showed greater (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of SREPB1c compared to Nellore and Senepol. The muscle of Nellore and Angus had greater (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of PPARα SCD1 and lower (P &lt; 0.05) of PPARγ when compared to Senepol breed. Therefore, in this study, the conventional feedlot and Angus are more positively associated with differential expression of adipogenic genes.
PSV-36 The impact of selection using residual average daily gain and marbling EPDs on growth performance and carcass traits in angus steers
Authors: Krause Taylor , Moore Edward , Duggin Jason , Segers Jacob , Pringle T Dean 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling. Angus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual ADG (RADG) EPD as well as high (5th percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2x2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Ultrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. At the beginning and the end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area than the low RADG group. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, BW was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. These results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; moreover, they show that progress in selection for efficiency can be accomplished while advancing carcass quality and value.
PSIX-30 Effects of dietary lysine restriction on plasma amino acid profile and growth performance of growing pigs
Authors: Hasan Shamimul , Humphrey Rebecca , Liao Shengfa F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Muscle growth requires a constant supply of free amino acids (AAs) from blood stream. Thus, a balanced blood plasma AA profile is critical for optimizing the growth performance of pigs. This research was conducted to study how dietary lysine restriction affects the plasma AA profile in growing pigs. Twelve crossbred young barrows (initial BW 22.6 ± 2.04 kg) were individually penned in an environment controlled barn. Pigs were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments according to a completely randomized experiment design (n = 6). Two corn- and soybean meal-based diets containing 0.65% (Diet I, lysine-deficient) and 0.98% (Diet II, lysine-adequate) standardized ileal digestible lysine were fed to the pigs. The growth performance of pigs with parameters including ADG, ADFI, and G:F was measured for the 8 week feeding trial. At the end of the trial, jugular vein blood was collected and the plasma samples were obtained for AA analysis using HPLC methods. Data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test. As expected, the ADG of Diet I pigs was lower (P &lt; 0.01) than Diet II pigs, and so was G:F (P &lt; 0.05) since there was no difference in ADFI between the two groups. In terms of plasma free AAs, the concentrations of lysine, methionine, leucine, and tyrosine were lower (P &lt; 0.05), while the concentration of b-alanine was higher (P &lt; 0.01), in Diet I vs. Diet II pigs. The concentrations of other AAs were not different (P &gt; 0.05) between the two groups. It can be concluded that besides lysine, the reduced plasma supply of methionine, leucine, and tyrosine is all responsible for the reduced ADG and G:F in pigs fed the lysine-deficient diet. Whether or not the increased plasma concentration of b-alanine in lysine-deficient pigs can reduce the occurrence of PSE pork warrants further investigation.
PSIX-35 Alternatives to antibiotic supplementation on broiler performance under highland conditions
Authors: Riboty Rodolfo , Ponce Christian H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is limited information on performance and gut microbiota balance response to alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters on broiler at high altitude and level of health challenge. Therefore, Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of alternatives to antibiotics supplementation on broiler performance and health at 2500 m.a.s.l. In, Exp. 1, a total of 1080 day-old Cobb-500 male broilers were used in a completely randomized block design. Eight experimental diets containing 1) Negative Control (NC), 2) Bacitracin methylene Disalicylate at 55 mg/kg (BMD), 3) Direct fed microbial at 750 mg/kg (DFM) 2x1011 CFU/kg of lactic acid bacteria, 4) a blend of essential oils (150 mg/kg; EO), 5) combination of permeabilizers, organic acids and phytochemicals (0.1%, CN), 6) DFM+EO, 7) DFM+CN, and 8) EO +CN. Performance was evaluated through the feeding period of 42 d with a new litter. There were no significant differences in performance nor mortality rate during the whole feeding period. In, Exp. 2, 1232 one-day-old Cobb-500 male chicks were randomly divided into 56 experimental units and exposed to similar treatments as described on Exp. 1. Performance variables, and cecal-microbiota population were evaluated during 42-d with a re-used litter. Overall, daily gain was increased for BMD, DFM, and EO+CN compared to NC (P &lt; 0.05). Feed intake was not altered by dietary treatment (P = 0.892). Feed conversion rate was improved by BMD and EO compared to NC (P &lt; 0.05). Total coliform, and E. coli population was increased by DFM and CN compared to NC (P &lt; 0.005). Total Enterobacteriacea was not altered by dietary treatment with exception of EO, that increased its population compared to remaining treatments (P &lt; 0.001). Data form this experiments suggest that positive effect of organic feed additive supplementation, especially EO, depend on bird health challenge at high altitudes.
PSIX-34 Effects of corn protein concentrate level in the diets of the weanling piglet on performance, nitrogen balance, visceral organ mass and blood parameters
Authors: Alvear Jose , Ron Jorge , Torrealba Hector , Ponce Christian H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn protein concentrate (CPC) levels on performance, nitrogen digestibility, blood parameters, and visceral organ mass by newly weaned piglets. Forty piglets (6. 9 kg ± 1.2 kg of live weight) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed individually 1 of 4 experimental diets containing different CPC levels (0%, 5%, 10% or 15%) during 44 d. Performance parameters were measured weekly. Total fecal and urine samples were collected on d 33 of the experiment for 4 consecutive days to determine N balance. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected to measure blood parameters, and animals were slaughter to determine visceral organ mass. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block designed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Final BW tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065) as dietary CPC level increased. Overall, ADG tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065), and ADFI was significantly reduced (P = 0. 038) as dietary CPC level increased. Nevertheless, FCR was not by dietary treatment (P = 0.1872). There were no differences on nitrogen intake, retention and digestibility across dietary treatments (P &gt; 0. 407). However, there was a tendency to decrease linearly N excretion on urine as CPC increased in the diet. Hematocrit and Serum Urea-N were linearly increased and reduced, respectively as CPC increased in the diet (P &lt; 0. 027). Empty BW at d 44 tended to linearly reduce as CPC increased. Pancreas weight was reduced by inclusion of CPC (linearly; P = 0. 005). In summary, it was demonstrated that, when CPC replaced partially traditional protein sources up to 5% of the diet, performance and N status of the animal are not altered. However, caution should be taken with higher levels of inclusion.
PSIX-15 Effects of mixture of essential oils and organic acid supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, leg bone length and intestinal morphology in broilers
Authors: Oh Hanjin , Liu Shudong , Yun Won , Lee Jihwan , An Jiseon , Cho Seungyeol , Cho Jinho 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mixture of essential oils and organic acid supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, leg bone length and intestinal morphology in ROSS broilers. A total of 40 Ross 308 broiler (1140 ±80g) were randomly allocated to 2 groups, basal diet (CON), basal diet+0.05% Avi-protect® (AVI), with 20 replicates every group, and 1 chicken per replicate per cage. The BW (P &lt; 0.05) and weight gain (P &lt; 0.05) of broilers were increased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. The content of triglyceride (P &lt; 0.05) and LDL (P &lt; 0.05) significantly decreased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. There was no significant difference on leg bone length between the AVI and the CON group (P &gt; 0.05). the villi height (P &lt; 0.05) and goblet cell count (P &lt; 0.05) significantly increased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. In conclusion, the Avi-protect® as feed additives improved the growth performance and lipid metabolism and promoted the development of intestinal morphology in broilers.
PSIX-23 Inclusion of cocoa husks in the diet for fattening pigs on lipid composition of backfat and muscle
Authors: Magistrelli Damiano , D’Ardes Vincenzo , Rosi Fabia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cocoa husks are by-products of chocolate production, characterized by a high content of dietary fibre, proteins, lipids and polyphenols, which exert antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of cocoa husks on the lipid composition of pig backfat and muscle. Eight finishing pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: CTRL, fed a conventional cereal-based diet, and COCOA, fed a diet obtained by substitution of 10% of the control diet with coarsely ground cocoa husks. After 6 weeks, pigs were slaughtered. During the experimental period, the dietary composition was analysed, nutrient digestibility of the diets and N balance were determined. At slaughtering, samples of backfat and Biceps brachii muscle were collected. Total lipids were extracted from samples and analysed for cholesterol content and for fatty acid composition. The experimental diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic, but polyphenolic content was 90% higher in COCOA than CTRL diet. Nutrient digestibility and N balance were not influenced by dietary treatment. Cocoa husks feeding did not affect total lipids and cholesterol, but increased by 50% the content of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) in both backfat (P &lt; 0.05) and biceps muscle (P &lt; 0.01). Worldwide, sanitary authorities recommend increasing the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids of the diet, in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. According to this, obtained results highlight a role for cocoa husks in improving the nutritional value of pork meat, which is a key factor in determining consumer choice.
PSVII-31 Animal acceptability and performance trail of olive pomace on Gallus gallus domesticus
Authors: Conn Benny J , Kelley Stanley F , Beverly Marcy , Anderson Mark , Snokhous Payton 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With feed being a costly input, the goal of any producer is to find feed sources that provide a balance of nutrients that meet the requirements for maintenance, growth, and performance while efficiently contributing to favorable carcass attributes at a low cost. Olive pomace is a by-product of the olive oil industry which can serve as a source of fat (14%), protein (3.6%), and fiber (44.5%). This by-product has potential as a supplemental source of energy and other essential nutrients to be blended into livestock rations. The objective of this study was to conduct an animal acceptability and performance trial using a mixture of olive pomace and commercial poultry feed to determine which blend of feed and pomace would be most acceptable or most desired by broilers. Two pens, consisting of 20 broilers at 34d of age when put on trial, were provided three mixtures of feed in separate feeders. Feeders were filled with either a 1:3, 1:1, or 3:1 olive pomace to commercial broiler feed mixture. Daily consumption rates were used to determine ration preference. The troughs were rotated, twice daily, within each pen to eliminate location preference. The broilers found the 1:3 ratio to be the most preferred (P &lt; 0.01), while the 3:1, and 1:1 ratio did not differ (P &lt; 0.39). In the performance trial, the same broilers were fed the same rations along with a control group for 27d. No difference was detected in body weight at either d0 (P = 0.98) or d27 (P = 0.78) across treatment groups. In comparison to control, 1:1 had a 3% decrease, and 3:1 had a 13% decrease in cost, while, 1:3 had a 4.2 % increase per bird in cost when compared to control. In conclusion, olive pomace can be a cost effective feed supplement for broilers and maintain efficiency of gain.
PSVII-29 Validation of prediction equations for digestibility of energy and amino acids in commercial pigs using mini pigs
Authors: Hong Bokyung , Htoo John K , Gonzalez-Vega Caroline , Kim Beob G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to validate the prediction equations for digestibility of gross energy and amino acids in commercial pigs using mini pigs. Five commercial crossbred barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with initial BW of 62.6 ± 6.1 kg and 5 mini pigs selected from Jeju Island native pigs (M-Pig; Cronex Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, Republic of Korea) with initial BW of 53.4 ± 7.4 kg were used. All pigs were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, and 5 animals of each breed were randomly allotted to a 5 × 10 Latin square design with 5 diets and 10 periods, respectively. A basal diet contained 98% corn and 4 experimental diets contained 20 or 40% rapeseed meal or wheat distillers dried grains with solubles at the expense of corn. Chromic oxide was included at 0.5% as an indigestible index. The accuracy of previously developed prediction equations for nutrient digestibility of commercial pigs was assessed by regressing measured values from commercial pigs minus predicted values from mini pigs on the predicted values centered to the mean. Comparison of measured and predicted apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy showed that the intercept (0.02 ± 0.81; P = 0.985) indicating mean bias and the slope (0.08 ± 0.15; P = 0.599) indicating linear bias were not different from 0. The equation for standardized ileal digestibility of lysine and arginine did not have mean bias or linear bias (P &gt; 0.05). However, the equations for standardized ileal digestibility of other amino acids had mean bias or linear bias (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, energy digestibility of commercial pigs may be predicted by previously developed prediction equations for commercial pigs using mini pigs.
PSVII-42 Growth performance, gut health, and immune responses of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed probiotic-supplemented diets
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Hong Jinsu , Francis David , -Vega Caroline J González , Htoo John K , Woyengo Tofuko A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the effects of probiotics on performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs, a total of 28 weaned pigs (initial BW = 8.25 kg) were housed individually in pens and fed 4 experimental diets for 21 d in a completely randomized design. The 4 diets were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet without or with 0.25% antibiotics (neomycin + oxytetracycline), 0.05% Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540, or 0.05% Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539. All pigs were orally challenged with K88 strain of E. coli on d 3. Feed intake and BW data, and blood samples were collected on d 3, 7, 14, and 21. Fecal scores were recorded daily. On d 21, pigs were sacrificed to determine gastrointestinal histomorphology, pH and organ weights. Supplementation of the basal diet with antibiotics or B. pumilus did not affect the overall (d 0 to 21) ADG and G:F. The B. subtilis supplementation did not affect the overall ADG, but tended to increase (P &lt; 0.1) the overall G:F by 15%. Fecal score was unaffected by dietary treatment. Supplementation of the basal diet with either probiotic, but not antibiotics increased (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal villous height and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) cecal digesta pH. Supplementation with B. pumilus tended to increase (P &lt; 0.1) colon weight relative to BW; however, antibiotics or B. subtilis supplementation did not affect colon weight. The addition of B. subtilis to basal diet tended to increase (P &lt; 0.1) serum immunoglobulin A concentration on d 21 of the study; however, such effect was not observed with the addition of antibiotics or B. pumilus. In conclusion, dietary B. subtilis improved G:F and jejunal villous height and reduced cecal digesta pH, indicating that dietary supplementation with B. subtilis at 0.05% could improve growth performance and gut health of weaned pigs.
PSVII-15 Effect of protocatechuic acid on growth performance, inflammatory status and immune indices in weaned piglets
Authors: Wu shusong , Hu Ruizhi , He Ziyu , Liu Jie , Liu Ming , Tan Jijun , He Jianhua , Song Zehe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic acid that occurs widely in plants, is believed to be the major potential bioactive metabolites of cyanidin 3-glucoside against oxidative stress and inflammation, which are major causes of intestinal injury in weaned piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, inflammatory status and immune indices in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged weaned piglets. Thirty six 21-day-old weaned PIC piglets were housed in pairs in cages with one ripple drinker and one hopper type feeder, and randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 piglets per replicate after fed a control diet for 7 days. The treatments were: control diets (CTL), CTL+50 ppm aureomycin, CTL+4000 ppm PCA, based on our pilot tests. The period of experiment was 21 days, and piglets were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 μg/kg) at day 14 and day 21. Blood samples were obtained from eighteen piglets (one from each replicate) one hour after LPS injection on day 21, and inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant capacity index, and immune indices were measured in blood serum. The results revealed that the average daily gain of piglets was increased by supplementing with PCA (P = 0.036), but not aureomycin (P = 0.184). Dietary supplement with PCA decreased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β (P &lt; 0.05), IL-2 (P &lt; 0.05), IL-6 (P &lt; 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P &lt; 0.05), while aureomycin only decreased IL-6 (P &lt; 0.05) and TNF-α (P &lt; 0.05). Both PCA and aureomycin attenuated lipid peroxidation with a lower level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P &lt; 0.05), but increased serum levels of immunoglobulin M (P &lt; 0.05) and C-reactive protein (P &lt; 0.05) in piglets. These data suggested that PCA may improve growth performance and immunity of weaned piglets, and thus can be a potential alternative for antibiotics in animal feeds.
PSXIII-13 Comparison of telomere length in age-matched primiparous and multiparous Brahman cows
Authors: O’Daniel Sydney E , Riley David G , Kochan Kelli J , Riggs Penny K , Rouquette Francis M , Randel Ronald D , Welsh Thomas H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Telomeres are comprised of G-rich nucleotide sequences (5’-TTAGGG-3’) at the chromosome termini that are responsible for protecting chromosomes; however, attrition of these sequences has been observed in conditions of physiological and psychological stress. The purpose of this study was to compare telomere length (TL) in 4-yr-old Brahman cows grouped by first parity (n = 8) and second parity (n = 11). Cows were bled by jugular venipuncture, weighed, and had BCS recorded d+28 prior to calving and d-7 and d-28 post calving. Cows were observed for duration of labor (Tlabor) and calving ease (CE) at the time of parturition. Calf birth weight (CBW) and gender (CG) were recorded. Peripheral leukocytes were isolated, complete blood counts (CBC) were recorded, and genomic DNA was extracted utilizing silicone membrane spin column kits. The relative quantity of telomere products, which is proportional to the average TL, was determined by multiplex quantitative PCR analysis using the ratio of bovine telomere and β-globulin DNA. An absolute standard of bovine telomere (1012–107 dilution series) and β-globulin (109-104 dilution series) genes was utilized to produce relative copy number. All samples were run in triplicate and samples were included if triplicate Cq difference was less than 0.25 cycles. Parity was the fixed effect of interest and random effects included sire and day repeated with cow as the subject. No differences in CBC were seen. Tlabor, CE, CG, and CBW did not impact TL (P &gt; 0.1). A trend was observed for day-parity interaction (P = 0.0918). TL between parity differed most on d-28 (P = 0.1046; parity one 127292 ± 6483; parity two 111045 ± 5376). The stress of parturition and raising the first calf of a cow’s life may be responsible for slight attenuation in TL.