bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Optical Tuning of Hole and Electron Transport in Ambipolar WSe2 Interfaced with a Bicomponent Photochromic Layer: From High‐Mobility Transistors to Flexible Multilevel Memories
Authors: Qiu Haixin , Liu Zhaoyang , Yao Yifan , Herder Martin , Hecht Stefan , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe interfacing of 2D materials (2DMs) with photochromic molecules provides an efficient solution to reversibly modulate their outstanding electronic properties and offers a versatile platform for the development of multifunctional field‐effect transistors (FETs). Herein, optically switchable multilevel high‐mobility FETs based on few‐layer ambipolar WSe2 are realized by applying on its surface a suitably designed bicomponent diarylethene (DAE) blend, in which both hole and electron transport can be simultaneously modulated for over 20 cycles. The high output current modulation efficiency (97% for holes and 52% for electrons) ensures 128 distinct current levels, corresponding to a data storage capacity of 7 bit. The device is also implemented on a flexible and transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate, rendering 2DM/DAE hybrid structures promising candidates for flexible multilevel nonvolatile memories.
Biolasing from Individual Cells in a Low‐Q Resonator Enables Spectral Fingerprinting
Authors: Septiadi Dedy , Barna Valentin , Saxena Dhruv , Sapienza Riccardo , Genovese Damiano , De Cola Luisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLasing from cells has recently been subject of thorough investigation because of the potential for sensitive and fast biosensing. Yet, lasing from individual cells has been studied in high‐quality resonators, resulting in limited dependence of the lasing properties on the cellular microenvironment. Here, lasing is triggered by cells floating in a low quality factor resonator composed of a disposable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cell counting‐slide, hence in absence of conventional high‐reflectivity optical cavities. The exceptional spectral narrowing and the steep slope increase in the input–output energy diagram prove occurrence of laser action in presence of cells. The observed biolasing is an intrinsically dynamic signal, with large fluctuations in intensity and spectrum determined by the optical properties of the individual cell passing through the pump beam. Numerical simulations of the scattering efficiency rule out the possibility of optical feedback from either WGM (whispering gallery mode) or multiple scattering within the cell, and point to the enhanced directional scattering field as the crucial contribution of cells to the laser action. Finally, principal component analysis of lasing spectra measured from freely diffusing cells yields spectral fingerprints of cell populations, which allows discriminating cancer from healthy Rattus glial cells with high degree of confidence.
Research Frontiers in Energy‐Related Materials and Applications for 2020–2030
Authors: Blay Vincent , Galian Raquel E. , Muresan Liana M. , Pankratov Dmitrii , Pinyou Piyanut , Zampardi Giorgia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article delineates the state of the art for several materials used in the harvest, conversion, and storage of energy, and analyzes the challenges to be overcome in the decade ahead for them to reach the market and benefit society. The materials covered have had a special interest in recent years and include perovskites, materials for batteries and supercapacitors, graphene, and materials for hydrogen production and storage. Looking at the common challenges for these different systems, scientists in basic research should carefully consider commercial requirements when designing new materials. These include cost and ease of synthesis, abundance of precursors, recyclability of spent devices, toxicity, and stability. Improvements in these areas deserve more attention, as they can help bridge the gap for these technologies and facilitate the creation of partnerships between academia and industry. These improvements should be pursued in parallel with the design of novel compositions, nanostructures, and devices, which have led most interest during the past decade. Research groups are encouraged to adopt a cross‐disciplinary mindset, which may allow more efficient use of existing knowledge and facilitate breakthrough innovation in both basic and applied research of energy‐related materials.
On the Molecular to Continuum Modeling of Fiber‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Rege Ameya , Patil Sandeep P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA multiscale approach to model fiber‐reinforced composites, those that are characterized by an isotropic orientation of fibers, is presented. To this end, a bottom‐up approach is used to formulate a hierarchical model. The primary basis for the mesoscopic description revolves around the assumption that the composite network consists of fibers resting on foundations of the native material matrix. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of such fibers on foundations are performed, and crucial material parameters, such as the stiffness of the particle matrix and Young's modulus of the fibers are evaluated. Subsequently, a micro‐mechanical constitutive model is formulated, wherein fiber‐reinforced composites are characterized by a homogeneous distribution and an isotropic orientation of fibers. The fibers are modeled as beams undergoing bending and stretching while resting on Winkler‐type of elastic foundations. The 3D macroscopic network behavior is finally presented. As an example, the particle matrix used is a silica aerogel and the fibers are modeled as double‐walled carbon nanotubes. In the proposed modeling approach, MD simulations are shown to provide a physical estimation of the micro‐mechanical model parameters.
Nonaromatic Green‐Solvent‐Processable, Dopant‐Free, and Lead‐Capturable Hole Transport Polymers in Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Kim Guan‐Woo , Kim Minjun , Park Sang Ah , Park Taiho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the recent developments in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), diverse functionalities are necessary for next‐generation charge‐transport layers. Specifically, the hole‐transport layer (HTL) in the various synthesized materials modified with functional groups is explored. A novel donor–acceptor type polymer, alkoxy‐PTEG, composed of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5:b′]dithiophene and tetraethylene glycol (TEG)‐substituted 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole is reported. The alkoxy‐PTEG exhibits high solubility even in nonaromatic solvents, such as 3‐methylcyclohexanone (3‐MC), and can prevent possible lead leakage via chelation. The optical and electronic properties of alkoxy‐PTEG are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, a dopant‐free alkoxy‐PTEG device processed with 3‐MC exhibits 19.9% efficiency and a device with 2‐methyl anisole, which is a reported aromatic food additive, exhibits 21.2% efficiency in a tin oxide planar structure. The PSC device shows 88% stability after 30 d at ambient conditions (40–50% relative humidity and room temperature). In addition, nuclear magnetic resonance reveals that TEG groups can chelate lead ions with moderate strength (Kbinding = 2.76), and this strength is considered to be nondestructive to the perovskite lattice to prevent lead leakage. This is the first report to consider lead leakage and provide solutions to reduce this problem.
Response of potato to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers at Assosa, western Ethiopia
Authors: Setu Habtam , Mitiku Tesfaye 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow soil fertility is one of the critical factors limiting the productivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in western Ethiopia. The field experiment was conducted in the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to elucidate the response of potato yield, yield components, tuber quality to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and their economic benefit. The treatment comprised five levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and five levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P2O5 ha−1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial (5 × 5) arrangement and we replicated the treatments three times. The results revealed that the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus did not affect growth, yield, and quality parameters of potato. However, nitrogen alone affected plant height, tuber number per plant, number of stems per hill, and marketable and total tuber yield, but not tuber quality parameters. The optimum yields of both marketable (25.5 Mg ha−1) and total (28.4 Mg ha−1) tuber yields were observed in the application of 150 kg N ha−1. Phosphorus treatments had no response for most of the yield, yield components, or tuber quality parameters. Applications of 150 kg N ha−1 provided a maximum gross margin ($5138.68 or 141,773.55 Ethiopian Birr [ETB] ha−1) with a 79.4% gross profit margin and the highest benefit‐cost ratio (4.86).
Integrated crop–livestock systems in paddy fields: New strategies for flooded rice nutrition
Authors: Denardin Luiz Gustavo de O. , Martins Amanda P. , Carmona Felipe de C. , Veloso Murilo G. , Carmona Gabriela I. , Carvalho Paulo César de F. , Anghinoni Ibanor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop–livestock systems (ICLSs) appear as a good alternative to increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through the improvement in nutrient cycling and soil chemical attributes in paddy fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an ICLS on soil chemical attributes and on the fertilization requirement of N, P, and K by flooded rice in the Brazilian subtropical region. Nutritional status, yield, and NUE of flooded rice were evaluated by fertilization trials through rice response to different fertilization rates of N, P, and K. Soil chemical attributes were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment and 30 mo later. Different fertilization rates were applied in two systems: (a) a conventional system (CS), based on intensive tillage, rice monocropping and winter fallow, and (b) ICLS, characterized by no‐tillage and winter cattle grazing in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture. Rice shoot accumulation of N, P, and K was greater under CS than ICLS at all fertilization levels. On the other hand, higher rice yields were observed under ICLS at almost every fertilization level, suggesting higher NUE than CS. In addition, rice yield was increased by 40% by fertilization of P and K under CS, whereas no response was observed under ICLS. These benefits were possibly related to greater nutrient cycling and greater synchronism between rice's nutrient uptake and nutrient release of the soil. Our results indicate that the adoption of ICLS ensures greater NUE becoming a system less dependent on external inputs.
The Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction with Internal Olefins: Reactivities and Stereoselectivities
Authors: Nakashima Yusei , Hirata Goki , Sheppard Tom D. , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Mizoroki‐Heck reaction is one of the most valuable reactions for functionalizing C−C double bonds in the presence of a Pd catalyst. This protocol is suitable for the reaction of a C(sp2)‐halide with a terminal olefin to produce a trans‐1,2‐disubstituted olefin. However, reports of the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction of internal olefins are rare and impractical due to the low reactivity of internal olefins and problems of product diastereoselectivity. In this review, we summarize Mizoroki‐Heck reactions of internal olefins with aryl or alkyl halides to illustrate their reactivities and stereoselectivities.
Evaluation of the auricular surface method for non‐adult sex estimation on the Lisbon documented collection
Authors: Monge Calleja Álvaro M. , Aranda Claudia M. , Santos Ana Luísa , Luna Leandro H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesSex is usually not estimated in skeletonized non‐adult individuals because sexual dimorphism is considered minimal before puberty. In 2017, a new approach based on the shape of the auricular surface was proposed, showing that this anatomic area of the ilium is dimorphic. This study tests the reproducibility and evaluates the accuracy of the method in a bigger sample.Materials and MethodsThirty males and 31 females from the Lisbon Collection (1 day–18 years old) were analyzed by two researchers, one experienced, and the other without previous knowledge of the method. The sample was divided into three groups according to prepubertal and pubertal hormonal peaks (<2, 0–12, and 13–18 years old). Two metric variables (DE/AD and FI/CF ratios), two morphological features (Overall Morphology, OM and Morphology of the Retroauricular End of the Superior Demiface, MRS), and two formulae were tested based on the adequate results obtained in the original article.ResultsData shows a low interobserver error (ICC > 0.92; K > 0.74). Morphological features provide better results than the metrics (DE/AD = 77.05%; FI/CF = 73.77%; OM = 80.33%; MRS = 85.24%). The discriminant function correctly classified 86.66% of the males and the logistic regression, 83.33%. The method was equally reliable in 0–12 and 13–18 years‐old age groups and more accurate in males. The accuracy of most of the variables reached 100% for males under 2 years‐old, and the probabilities were higher than for older individuals. The percentages of correct estimations are not influenced by the age, year, and cause of death.DiscussionDespite the relatively small sample size, this study confirms the usefulness of the auricular surface for non‐adult sexual estimation, especially for those younger than 2 years old. Additional validation tests in documented individuals from other geographic regions are suggested.
Fine‐Mapping of SNCA in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Overt Synucleinopathies
Authors: Krohn Lynne , Wu Richard Y. J. , Heilbron Karl , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Laurent Sandra B. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Alam Armaghan , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T. M. , Dauvilliers Yves , Högl Birgit , Toft Mathias , Bjørnarå Kari Anne , Stefani Ambra , Holzknecht Evi , Monaca Christelle Charley , Abril Beatriz , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Young Peter , Heidbreder Anna , Cochen De Cock Valérie , Mollenhauer Brit , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sonka Karel , Kemlink David , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Oertel Wolfang , Toffoli Marco , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Gagnon Jean‐François , Nalls Mike A. , Singleton Andrew B. ,   23andMe Research Team, Desautels Alex , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Cannon Paul , Ross Owen A. , Boeve Bradley F. , Dupré Nicolas , Fon Edward A. , Postuma Ronald B. , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a prodromal synucleinopathy, as >80% will eventually convert to overt synucleinopathy. We performed an in‐depth analysis of the SNCA locus to identify RBD‐specific risk variants.MethodsFull sequencing and genotyping of SNCA was performed in isolated/idiopathic RBD (iRBD, n = 1,076), Parkinson disease (PD, n = 1,013), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 415), and control subjects (n = 6,155). The iRBD cases were diagnosed with RBD prior to neurodegeneration, although some have since converted. A replication cohort from 23andMe of PD patients with probable RBD (pRBD) was also analyzed (n = 1,782 cases; n = 131,250 controls). Adjusted logistic regression models and meta‐analyses were performed. Effects on conversion rate were analyzed in 432 RBD patients with available data using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsA 5′‐region SNCA variant (rs10005233) was associated with iRBD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, p = 1.1E‐08), which was replicated in pRBD. This variant is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with other 5′ risk variants across the different synucleinopathies. An independent iRBD‐specific suggestive association (rs11732740) was detected at the 3′ of SNCA (OR = 1.32, p = 4.7E‐04, not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction). Homozygous carriers of both iRBD‐specific SNPs were at highly increased risk for iRBD (OR = 5.74, p = 2E‐06). The known top PD‐associated variant (3′ variant rs356182) had an opposite direction of effect in iRBD compared to PD.InterpretationThere is a distinct pattern of association at the SNCA locus in RBD as compared to PD, with an opposite direction of effect at the 3′ of SNCA. Several 5′ SNCA variants are associated with iRBD and with pRBD in overt synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:584–598
Mixed Polyanionic Compounds as Positive Electrodes for Low‐Cost Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Lan Yuanqi , Yao Wenjiao , He Xiaolong , Song Tianyi , Tang Yongbing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow‐cost electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs) are urgently needed to promote the application of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. In analogy to lithium‐ion batteries, the cost of EESSs depends mainly on charge‐carrier ions and redox centers in electrodes, and their performance is limited by positive electrodes. In this context, this Minireview evaluates several EESS candidates and summarizes the known mixed polyanionic compounds (MPCs)—a family with robust frameworks and large channels for ion storage and migration. After comprehensive analysis, it is pointed out that a deeper exploration of MPCs may generate numerous novel crystallographically interesting compounds and excellent cathode materials for low‐cost energy storage applications.
Activated Kaolin Minerals as Bleaching Clays for Prolonging the Useful Life of Palm Oil in Industrial Frying Operations
Authors: Worasith Niramon , Goodman Bernard A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring frying operations, vegetable oils break down and compounds with undesirable flavors are produced. Various procedures have been developed to extend the useful life of frying oils, including treatment with bleaching clays. In this article, we describe the activation of kaolin minerals by a combination of grinding and chemical treatments, and report their performance in removing breakdown products generated in palm oil that had been used for 20 hours continuous frying. There was little influence of the original kaolin mineral form on the ability to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) contents, and grinding only changed FFA reduction from ∼32% to ∼36%. However, much greater FFA reductions were obtained after chemical treatment of the ground clays, and the best performing kaolin product gave similar FFA reduction to a commercial bleaching clay (∼76% and ∼77%, respectively). This activated kaolin also produced a reduction in viscosity at 40 °C from ∼73 to 48.4 cSt (compared to 45.5 cSt in the unused oil), and in the peroxide value from 30.0 to 22.0 meq/kg (compared to 10.0 meq/kg in the initial oil). Thus, activated kaolin samples represent a cheap and convenient alternative to conventional bleaching clay for improving common quality parameters in used palm oil, although we also found that the optimum kaolin preparation conditions were different from those that have been reported for raw rice bran oil refining.
Cellulose‐based monoliths with enhanced surface area and porosity
Authors: Parajuli Prakash , Acharya Sanjit , Hu Yang , Abidi Noureddine 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis study reports on a strategy of using sol–gel and supercritical drying techniques to prepare aerocellulose monoliths with enhanced specific surface area and porosity by adding NaCl particles into the cellulose solution. The addition of 5 wt% of NaCl particles led to increased specific surface area of aerocellulose monoliths (from 114 m2/g to 205 m2/g), as well as their porosity (by ~5%). The aerocellulose monoliths prepared by adding NaCl particles achieved improved porous characteristics, lightweight, lower crystallinity, and better thermal stability, as compared to the control. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of NaCl particles to tune the surface area and the pore characteristics, which provides a facile route to achieve enhanced surface area and improved pore characteristics of aerocellulose monoliths.
An Efficient Exogenous Gene Insertion Site in CHO Cells with High Transcription Level to Enhance AID‐Induced Mutation
Authors: Fan Yingjun , Jiang Wei , Ran Fanlei , Luo Ruiqi , An Lili , Hang Haiying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntibodies have been extensively used for the purpose of scientific research, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Combination of in vitro somatic hypermutation and mammalian cell surface display has been an efficient technology for antibody or other proteins optimization, in which the efficiency of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mutations in genes is one of the most important key factors. Gene transcriptional level has been found to be positively proportional to AID‐induced mutation frequency. Thus, construction of the cell clone bearing a gene of interest (GOI) with high transcription level can increase AID‐induced mutations. In this study, a retargetable gene cassette is inserted onto predetermined chromosome site (ywhae gene site) which is among the genes with the highest as well as stable transcription, and is found that one subsite is suitable to be retargeted for efficient protein display in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The resultant cell clone (T31) has higher and more stable transcription/expression than CHO‐puro clone which was previously established through the strategy of random insertion followed by a high‐throughput selection. It also possesses a significantly higher mutation frequency to GOI than CHO‐puro cells; thus, it is a better clone for the in vitro improvement of antibody affinity, and probably other properties.
Risk factors for conversion in laparoscopic and robotic rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Crippa J , Grass F , Achilli P , Mathis K L , Kelley S R , Merchea A , Colibaseanu D T , Larson D W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to review risk factors for conversion in a cohort of patients with rectal cancer undergoing minimally invasive abdominal surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients operated on from February 2005 to April 2018. Adult patients undergoing low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection for primary rectal adenocarcinoma by a minimally invasive approach were included. Exclusion criteria were lack of research authorization, stage IV or recurrent rectal cancer, and emergency surgery. Risk factors for conversion were investigated using logistic regression. A subgroup analysis of obese patients (BMI 30 kg/m2 or more) was performed.

Results
A total of 600 patients were included in the analysis. The overall conversion rate was 9·2 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed a 72 per cent lower risk of conversion when patients had robotic surgery (odds ratio (OR) 0·28, 95 per cent c.i. 0·15 to 0·52). Obese patients experienced a threefold higher risk of conversion compared with non-obese patients (47 versus 24·4 per cent respectively; P &lt; 0·001). Robotic surgery was associated with a reduced risk of conversion in obese patients (OR 0·22, 0·07 to 0·71).

Conclusion
Robotic surgery was associated with a lower risk of conversion in patients undergoing minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery, in both obese and non-obese patients.