bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced performance of secondary surveillance radar system in dense UAV environments using CDMA techniques
Authors: Chen Haonan , Guo Rui , Chen Zengping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn future battlefield scenarios, the high density of platforms often leads to multiple responses from existing secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems, causing collision interference of response signals in the time domain. The frame slotted ALOHA (FSA) algorithm originally used by the system cannot ensure a high identification probability and has a long identification time. In response to these problems, this paper explores the problems of current SSR systems under the urgent need for precise multi‐target identification in dense environments. It investigates how to integrate code division multiple access (CDMA) technology with the ALOHA algorithm to enhance the system's target identification probability. The authors propose an improved workflow and signal transceiver principles for the SSR system and validate the excellent performance of the SSR system in multi‐target identification within dense environments through simulation experiments based on the proposed composite anti‐collision algorithm.
Scriptural Vitality
Authors: Najman Hindy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Scriptural Vitality challenges the view that the Persian and Hellenistic periods constitute a time of decay, a period of ‘late Judaism’, languishing between an original, vibrant Judaism and the birth of Christianity. Instead, this book argues that the Second Temple period was one of untethered creativity and poetic imagination, of dynamism exemplified through philosophical translation, poetic composition, and a convergence of ancient Mediterranean cultures that gave birth to hermeneutic innovation. Building on Nietzsche’s critique of classical philology and drawing on new ways of reading the Dead Sea Scrolls, the book carries out a radical rethinking of biblical studies. Instead of seeking to reconstruct the original text and to find its original author or at least the original context of its production, Najman celebrates textual pluriformity and transformation, tracing ways in which texts and meanings proliferated within interpretive communities through new performances and fresh articulations of the past. Engaging with thinkers such as Friedrich Schlegel and Peter Szondi, whom biblicists have rarely considered, biblical philology is reimagined as the forward-moving study of the poetic processes by which Jewish communities re-created their past and revitalized their present. The Second Temple period emerges as a golden age of creativity, whose traces may still be discerned in Judaism and Christianity today.
Formation of the Subject in Hellenistic Judaism
Authors: Najman Hindy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Hellenistic period of ancient Judaism exhibits entanglement as an expression of vitality in which strands of Jewish thinking and Greek thinking are temporarily intertwined. Far from being bereft of complex thinking patterns, this period produces innovative engagement with philosophical questions about subjecthood, transformation, and perfection. The concept of imitatio dei or betselem Elohim captures an interior aspiration towards the formation of the self insofar as the subject is formed and it relates to its own perfection. The aspiration is not to be divinized, but rather to be angel-like, godlike, which is also to aspire to humanity. Though this imitation of the divine is always incomplete, it is the essence of every subject. The emergence of the self as the image of God happens precisely at a time when practice, ritual, and even sacrifice are internalized and translated onto the body and the practices of the individual, thereby internalizing the role of the prophetic. This account contrasts against the reconstruction of the historical origins of the Western concept of selfhood in the classical Greek and Roman world and subsequently transmitted through Christianity. The uncritical adoption of this framework in much of biblical scholarship has effaced the ancient Jewish contribution. Therefore, the Jewish voice with respect to subjecthood should be integrated into the larger conceptual framework and intellectual history of this discourse.
Cheese
Authors: Kelly Alan , Fox Patrick , Cogan Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the origins of cheese and provides an overview of the principles involved in its manufacture and ripening (during which flavor develops). It describes some of the organisms involved in cheese spoilage, as well as how pathogens occasionally occur and grow in cheese. The chapter goes on to describe how cheeses are classified, along with patterns of their consumption, and briefly introduces the principles of manufacture of several important varieties, including Cheddar, blue, Swiss, and feta cheeses. The chapter is illustrated with images of the main cheese types.
Fermented Milks
Authors: Kelly Alan , Fox Patrick , Cogan Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces fermented milks, which are some of the oldest and most widespread dairy products, relatively easy to produce, and with an extended shelf-life compared to raw milk. It describes the production and manufacture of several of the important fermented milks, including yoghurt, cultured buttermilk, sour cream, kefir, and koumiss, which is made from mare’s milk. The chapter also describes Scandinavian, Middle Eastern, Indian fermented milks and the Japanese product, Yakult. Finally it considers the role of probiotic bacteria and the range of health benefits attributed to including them in the human diet.
The Production of Milk Protein Ingredients and Lactose
Authors: Kelly Alan , Fox Patrick , Cogan Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers products derived from milk and the by-products of the manufacture of dairy products. Milk is increasingly the starting point for making a huge range of fractionated products and ingredients, from whey protein powders sold in gyms for body-building to lactose used in the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets. The chapter relates how the oldest example of this is probably the way in which whey, a by-product of cheesemaking, was transformed from a perceived waste disposal problem for much of the history of cheese-making, to a highly valued source of a range of ingredients that today are used in a huge range of applications. It also explains that milk proteins are being increasingly recovered by a range of processes to yield a range of high-value protein ingredients such as those based on purified casein. The chapter describes these products, along with the key technology involved in producing many of them, filtration through ultrafine membranes that act as sieves, the dimensions of which can be tailored to separate different sized molecules with exquisite precision.
Human Milk and Infant Formula
Authors: Kelly Alan , Fox Patrick , Cogan Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Infant formula is probably one of the most complex dairy products. This chapter describes the many complex formulation and processing considerations that are required to transform cows’ milk into a product that more closely resembles human milk, to provide optimal nutrition to infants at a key stage of their life and development. The chapter also outlines the properties and composition of human milk, as an understanding of these is critical to understanding the requirements for infant formula composition. It also provides a short description of how infant formula is handled and preserved compared to bovine milk. The formulation and processing of different kinds of infant formula (including dry and liquid formulae and formulae for different stages of infancy), using many of the processes described in previous chapters, are then discussed.
Yes I can! Exploring the impact of self-efficacy in a digital weight loss intervention
Authors: Cleare Angel E , Gardner Christopher D , King Abby C , Patel Michele L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Self-efficacy is a modifiable intervention target in behavioral weight loss interventions. However, its role in the context of digital interventions is less clear.

Purpose
To determine change in self-efficacy in a digital weight loss intervention, and whether self-efficacy is associated with engagement in self-monitoring diet or weight loss.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the GoalTracker study among 100 adults with overweight or obesity enrolled in a 12-week standalone digital weight loss intervention emphasizing daily self-monitoring. At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, we assessed self-efficacy for controlling eating (via the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire; WELQ) and self-efficacy for tracking diet. Dietary self-monitoring engagement data were collected from the MyFitnessPal app. Weight was collected in person on a calibrated scale. Analyses included participants with complete data (N range: 72-99).

Results
Positive change from baseline to 1 month in self-efficacy for controlling eating was associated with higher dietary self-monitoring engagement (r = 0.21, P = .008) but not with 3-month weight change (r = –0.20, P = .052). Meanwhile, positive change from baseline to 1 month in self-efficacy for tracking diet was associated in a beneficial direction with both outcomes (r = 0.57, P &lt; .001; r = –0.35, P &lt; .001, respectively). However, on average, self-efficacy for controlling eating did not change over time while self-efficacy for tracking diet decreased (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Improvements in self-efficacy—particularly for tracking diet—early on in a digital weight loss intervention served as a mechanism of greater engagement and weight loss, highlighting the need for strengthening intervention strategies that promote early self-efficacy within a digital context.
Remake as resistance: re-narrating Hong Kong Chineseness in The Taking of Tiger Mountain
Authors: Zhang Zoe Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is often assumed that yangban-xi (model theatre), crafted by the Chinese Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), represents a homogeneous Chinese identity. However, this assumption overlooks the intricate cultural, economic, and political dynamics embedded in these works, especially when remade by Sinophone artists. Following the 2003 Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), these dynamics are further complicated by increasingly blurred boundaries between Hong Kong and mainland China. This paper examines The Taking of Tiger Mountain (Zhiqu weihu shan) (Tsui Hark 2014), a Hong Kong-Mainland coproduced remake of a yangban-xi film. Through an analysis of the film’s intertextual connections with its 1970 predecessor and its genre-blending and narrative strategies, this study argues that the remake challenges the authority of official history by exposing fissures in collective memory and the inherent subjectivity in historical narratives. The paper posits The Taking of Tiger Mountain as a cultural battleground where the top-down homogeneity of ‘Chineseness’ is contested by diverse peripheral voices, reflecting the ongoing negotiation of cultural identities within the post-1997 Hong Kong-Mainland context.
Trajectories of functional decline and predictors in long-term care settings: a retrospective cohort analysis of Canadian nursing home residents
Authors: Egbujie Bonaventure Amandi , Turcotte Luke Andrew , Heckman George , Hirdes John P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) or ‘functional decline’ is a major health concern among aging populations. With intervention, ADL decline may be delayed, prevented or reversed. The capacity to anticipate the trajectory of future functional change can enhance care planning and improve outcome for residents.

Methods
This is a 36 months’ retrospective longitudinal analysis of LTC residents in five Canadian provinces. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was performed to identify distinct trajectories and resident attributes associated with membership of the trajectory groups.

Results
A total of 204 036 LTC residents were included in this study. Their admission mean age was 83.7 years (SD = 8.6), and 63.3% were females. Our model identified four distinct trajectories namely: ‘Catastrophic decline’ (n = 48 441, 22.7%), ‘Rapid decline with some recovery’ (n = 27 620, 18.7%), ‘Progressive decline’ trajectory (n = 30 287, 14.4%), and the ‘No/Minimal decline’ (n = 97 688, 47.9%) Residents’ admission ADL Hierarchy score was the single, strongest predictor of functional decline trajectory that residents followed. Residents with ADLH 5–6 OR 0.03 (0.03–0.04) were least likely to follow a catastrophic decline trajectory, while those with ADLH 5–6 OR 39.05 (36/60–41.88) were most likely to follow a minimal or no decline trajectory.

Conclusion
Results of this study further highlight the heterogeneity of health trajectory among residents in LTC setting, re-affirming the need for personalized care. The study shows who among residents would be most at risk for different levels of functional decline.
The study findings provide useful information that would assist both immediate and advanced care planning as well as to forecast care personnel requirements into the future based on total acuity levels of residents.
Frailty reduces penumbral volumes and attenuates treatment response in hyperacute ischemic stroke
Authors: Dohle Esmee , Lewis Benjamin , Agarwal Smriti , Warburton Elizabeth A , Evans Nicholas R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty—the loss of physiological reserve to withstand a stressor event—is associated with poorer outcomes following acute stroke reperfusion therapies. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. This study investigated the association between frailty and penumbral volumes in hyperacute ischemic stroke.

Methods
Total ischemic lesion volumes (comprising infarct core and penumbral volumes) were measured using computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging to give the penumbral fraction within the ischemic lesion. Pre-stroke frailty was measured using a validated frailty index. The relationship between frailty and penumbral fraction was adjusted for age, onset-to-CT interval, collateral scores, small vessel disease burden and vascular comorbidities. Stroke severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at baseline and after 24 h.

Results
In 55 individuals receiving thrombolysis for ischemic stroke, increasing frailty was associated with a reduction in penumbral fraction (rs = −0.36, P &lt; 0.01). This remained significant after adjustment for age, onset-to-imaging time and collateral score (beta = −1.16, P &lt; 0.001). Correspondingly, frailty was independently negatively associated with proportional improvement in stroke severity following treatment (beta = −2.00, P &lt; 0.01). C-reactive protein (CRP) on presentation was associated with frailty index (rs = 0.38, P &lt; 0.01) and penumbral fraction (rs = −0.30, P = 0.02).

Discussion
A reduction in salvageable penumbra in frailty may explain the treatment-attenuating effects of frailty on reperfusion therapies. The association with CRP motivates further research into a possible inflammatory component of this relationship.

Conclusion
Frailty is independently associated with reduced penumbra and poorer neurological recovery in acute stroke. These findings may explain the attenuated response to stroke reperfusion therapies seen in frailer individuals.
Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs. virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco
Authors: Chiu Izzy , Tate Moranda , Trujillo Dillon , Suprasert Bow , Marr Alex , Arayasirikul Sean , Wilson Erin C , Raymond Henry F , McFarland Willi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue time-location sampling (TLS) to online or virtual venue TLS for men who have sex with men (MSM). We present differences in the samples of MSM recruited using physical venue TLS in 2017 and virtual venue TLS in 2021. We further assess changes in preventive and risk behaviors from 2017 to 2021 after controlling for differences in the sample compositions with multivariable Poisson models using GLM with robust standard errors. Both sampling methods exceeded their targeted sample size of 500 (physical venue TLS n=502, virtual venue TLS n=505). Compared to physical venue TLS, the virtual venue TLS sample had fewer persons experiencing homelessness and incarceration, and more persons with health insurance and post-graduate degrees. After adjusting for these differences and age, race, and employment status, PrEP use increased from 2017 to 2021. The use of several non-injection drugs also increased, namely marijuana, poppers, ketamine, psilocybin, and LSD. We found virtual venue recruitment of MSM to be a viable approach for tracking trends in HIV-related behaviors, with notable appeal given possible future pandemic lockdowns of physical venues and changing socialization patterns.
Understanding lipidomics associations and the lipoprotein-related caveats in population epidemiology
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Ohukainen Pauli , Kettunen Johannes , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli T , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Ala-Korpela Mika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mass spectrometry lipidomics is becoming customary to analyse serum/plasma samples in epidemiology. The measurables are molecular constituents of lipoprotein particles, but very little is known on the consequences of adjusting lipidomics data with lipoprotein measures. We studied two population cohorts with 5,657 and 2,036 participants. LC-MS/MS lipidomics was applied to analyse 24 molecular lipid classes and NMR spectroscopy to quantify seven lipoprotein lipids plus apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and B (apoB). The associations of these measures were analysed via partial Spearman’s correlations. The effects of nine different lipoprotein adjustments on these interrelationships were assessed. Multivariable regression modelling with these adjustments was also performed for the associations between the lipidomics data and BMI. These novel large-scale lipidomics data and their associations between the lipoprotein measures were coherent in both population cohorts, confirming the compatibility of the analytical approaches. Simulated data were generated to corroborate the mediation effects. The lipoprotein-related lipid-transport and metabolism inherently mediate the lipidomics associations as evident from the striking effects of the lipoprotein adjustments. These effects and their relevance to the interpretations of lipidomics data are presented and discussed in detail for the first time. The combined lipoprotein lipid adjustments appear prone to overadjustment and arbitrary biases.
Effects of hypothetical low versus moderate-to-high intensity weight management regimens on knee replacements
Authors: Miki Takahiro , Cooray Upul , Kanai Masashi , Hagiwara Yuta , Murakami Masayasu , Osaka Ken , Ikeda Takaaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a hypothetical biennial weight management regimen in reducing the necessity for knee replacement (KR) surgery among middle-aged and older adults with or at a higher risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort in the US, comprising community-dwelling adults aged 45–79 years at high risk for or with symptomatic knee OA who underwent baseline assessments from September 2008 to December 2010 were used. Subsequent evaluations were conducted at 12, 24, and 96 months. A hypothetical biennial weight management regimen, ranging from low to moderate-to-high intensity, was employed as the exposure, whereas the incidence of KR during follow-up was the outcome. This study, using a targeted learning approach to estimate hypothetical weight management regimens adjusted for time-varying confounding and attrition due to loss to follow-up, revealed that a 7.5% reduction in body mass index (high-intensity) resulted in a notable decrease in KR rates, from 5.93% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.64–6.21] in the baseline maintenance regimen (low-intensity) to 3.60% (95% CI, 2.70–4.50) in the high-intensity regimen. In conclusion, a hypothetical weight management regimen significantly reduces the need for KR surgery in adults with knee OA.
Towards Robust Causal Inference in Epidemiological Research: Employing Double Cross-fit TMLE in Right Heart Catheterization Data
Authors: Mondol Momenul Haque , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Within epidemiological research, estimating treatment effects from observational data presents notable challenges. Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) emerges as a robust method, addressing these challenges by accurately modeling treatment effects. This approach uniquely combines the precision of correctly specified models with the versatility of data-adaptive, flexible machine learning algorithms. Despite its effectiveness, TMLE’s integration of complex algorithms can introduce bias and under-coverage. This issue is addressed through the Double Cross-fit TMLE (DC-TMLE) approach, enhancing accuracy and reducing biases inherent in observational studies. However, DC-TMLE’s potential remains underexplored in epidemiological research, primarily due to the lack of comprehensive methodological guidance and the complexity of its computational implementation. Recognizing this gap, our paper contributes a detailed, reproducible guide for implementing DC-TMLE in R, aimed specifically at epidemiological applications. We demonstrate the utility of this method using an openly available clinical dataset, underscoring its relevance and adaptability for robust epidemiological analysis. This guide aims to facilitate broader adoption of DC-TMLE in epidemiological studies, promoting more accurate and reliable treatment effect estimations in observational research.
Estimating the undetected burden and the likelihood of strain persistence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Oliveira Roster Kirstin I , Rönn Minttu M , Elder Heather , Gift Thomas L , Roosevelt Kathleen A , Salomon Joshua A , Hsu Katherine K , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antibiotics recommended for treatment and reports of reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, the last-line treatment, are increasing. Since many asymptomatic infections remain undiagnosed and most diagnosed infections do not undergo antibiotic susceptibility testing, surveillance systems may underestimate resistant infections. In this modeling study, we simulated the spread of a new strain of ceftriaxone non-susceptible N. gonorrhoeae in a population comprising men who have sex with men as well as heterosexual men and women. We compared scenarios with varying strain characteristics and surveillance capacity. For each scenario, we estimated (i) the number of undetected infections of the novel strain and (ii) the likelihood of strain persistence in the absence of newly reported cases. Upon detection of one non-susceptible isolate, the undetected burden was an estimated 5.4 infections with substantial uncertainty (0-18 infections, 95% uncertainty interval). Without additional reports of non-susceptible infections over the subsequent 180 days, the estimate declined to 2.5 infections (0-10 infections). The likelihood of ongoing transmission also declined from 66% (26-86%) at first detection to 2% (0-10%) after 180 days. To extend the useful lifespan of last-line antibiotics, our model estimated the infection landscapes that could underlie data from surveillance systems.