bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome‐level genome of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) provides a resource for evolutionary studies on moths
Authors: Cao Li‐Jun , Song Wei , Yue Lei , Guo Shao‐Kun , Chen Jin‐Cui , Gong Ya‐Jun , Hoffmann Ary Anthony , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe peach fruit moth (PFM), Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is a major phytophagous orchard pest widely distributed across Northeast Asia. Here, we report the chromosome‐level genome for the PFM, representing the first genome for the family Carposinidae, from the lepidopteran superfamily Copromorphoidea. The genome was assembled into 404.83 Mb sequences using PacBio long‐read and Illumina short‐read sequences, including 275 contigs, with a contig N50 length of 2.62 Mb. All contigs were assembled into 31 linkage groups assisted by the Hi‐C technique, including 30 autosomes and a Z chromosome. BUSCO analysis showed that 98.3% of genes were complete and 0.4% of genes were fragmented, while 1.3% of genes were missing in the assembled genome. In total, 21,697 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 84.80% were functionally annotated. Because of the importance of diapause triggered by photoperiod in PFM, five circadian genes in the PFM as well as in the other related species were annotated, and potential genes related to diapause and photoperiodic reaction were also identified from transcriptome sequencing. In addition, manual annotation of detoxification gene families was undertaken and showed a higher number of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene in PFM than in most other lepidopterans, in contrast to a lower number of uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene, carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCE) gene and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene, suggesting different detoxication pathways in this moth. The high‐quality genome provides a resource for comparative evolutionary studies of this moth and its relatives within the context of radiations across Lepidoptera.
Canonical correlations reveal adaptive loci and phenotypic responses to climate in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Blanco‐Pastor José Luis , Barre Philippe , Keep Thomas , Ledauphin Thomas , Escobar‐Gutiérrez Abraham , Roschanski Anna Maria , Willner Evelyn , Dehmer Klaus J. , Hegarty Matthew , Muylle Hilde , Veeckman Elisabeth , Vandepoele Klaas , Ruttink Tom , Roldán‐Ruiz Isabel , Manel Stéphanie , Sampoux Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGermplasm from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) natural populations is useful for breeding because of its adaptation to a wide range of climates. Climate‐adaptive genes can be detected from associations between genotype, phenotype and climate but an integrated framework for the analysis of these three sources of information is lacking. We used two approaches to identify adaptive loci in perennial ryegrass and their effect on phenotypic traits. First, we combined Genome‐Environment Association (GEA) and GWAS analyses. Then, we implemented a new test based on a Canonical Correlation Analysis (CANCOR) to detect adaptive loci. Furthermore, we improved the previous perennial ryegrass gene set by de novo gene prediction and functional annotation of 39,967 genes. GEA‐GWAS revealed eight outlier loci associated with both environmental variables and phenotypic traits. CANCOR retrieved 633 outlier loci associated with two climatic gradients, characterized by cold‐dry winter versus mild‐wet winter and long rainy season versus long summer, and pointed out traits putatively conferring adaptation at the extremes of these gradients. Our CANCOR test also revealed the presence of both polygenic and oligogenic climatic adaptations. Our gene annotation revealed that 374 of the CANCOR outlier loci were positioned within or close to a gene. Co‐association networks of outlier loci revealed a potential utility of CANCOR for investigating the interaction of genes involved in polygenic adaptations. The CANCOR test provides an integrated framework to analyse adaptive genomic diversity and phenotypic responses to environmental selection pressures that could be used to facilitate the adaptation of plant species to climate change.
Insights into the status and distribution of pangolins in Togo (West Africa)
Authors: Segniagbeto Gabriel Hoinsoudé , Assou Délagnon , Agbessi Eric Koffi G. , Atsri Honam Komina , D'Cruze Neil , Auliya Mark , Fa Julia E. , Luiselli Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPangolins are considered among the most threatened mammal species, both globally and also in Africa. However, almost nothing is known on their status and distribution across wide areas of their range, particularly in West African countries. Here, we assess the status and distribution of pangolin species in Togo. Fieldwork was carried out in five localities around the Fazao Malfakassa National Park, five sites around the Togodo Protected Areas Complex (Togodo North and Togodo South National Parks), ‘Les Deux Béna’ and Missahohe Forest Reserves, Yikpa‐Dzigbe, Evou and Afagnan Community Forests. In all of these protected areas and forest islands, only one pangolin species was recorded: the white‐bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis); we found no evidence of the giant ground pangolin (Smutsia gigantea), a species that now appears unlikely for Togo. Due to their nocturnal behaviour, we searched for pangolins by spotlighting and estimated their relative abundance using the Kilometric Index of Abundance. Our results show that P. tricuspis is still relatively abundant in suitable habitats in Fazao‐Malfakassa National Park, in Togodo North National Park and in the Assoukoko Forest Reserve. These habitats are dense remnant forest patches where numerous termite mounds and ant nests occur. The present study provides unprecedented information on the status of pangolins in Togo to help inform the development of a conservation programme for this species in this country.
Interleukin‐6 pathobiology in equine placental infection
Authors: Fedorka Carleigh E. , Scoggin Kirsten E. , El‐Sheikh Ali Hossam , Loux Shavahn C. , Dini Pouya , Troedsson Mats H. T. , Ball Barry A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblemAscending placentitis is the leading cause of abortion in the horse. Interleukin (IL)‐6 is considered predictive of placental infection in other species, but little is understood regarding its role in the pathophysiology of ascending placentitis.Method of studySub‐acute ascending placentitis was induced via trans‐cervical inoculation of S zooepidemicus, and various fluids/serum/tissues collected 8 days later. Concentrations of IL‐6 were detected within fetal fluids and serum in inoculated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) mares. RNASeq was performed on the placenta (endometrium and chorioallantois) to assess transcripts relating to IL‐6 pathways. IHC was performed for immunolocalization of IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) in the placenta.ResultsIL‐6 concentrations increased in allantoic fluid following inoculation, with a trend toward an increase in amniotic fluid. Maternal serum IL‐6 was increased in inoculated animals, while no changes were noted in fetal serum. mRNA expression of IL‐6‐related transcripts within the chorioallantois indicates that IL‐6 is activating the classical JAK/STAT pathway, thereby acting as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and pro‐survival. The IL‐6R was expressed within the chorioallantois, indicating a paracrine signaling pathway of maternal IL‐6 to fetal IL‐6R.ConclusionIL‐6 plays a crucial role in the placental response to induction of sub‐acute equine ascending placentitis, and this could be noted in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, and maternal serum. Additionally, IL‐6 is acting as anti‐inflammatory in this disease, potentially altering disease progression, impeding abortion signals, and assisting with the production of a viable neonate.
A routine third trimester growth ultrasound in the obese pregnant woman does not reliably identify fetal growth abnormalities: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Neel Aekta , Cunningham Chris E. , Teale Glyn R. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn response to the challenges of assessing fetal growth in obese women, guidelines recommend routine third trimester ultrasound scans.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of this routine scan in obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1008 pregnancies with maternal BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 born after 37 weeks gestation at a Victorian hospital from 2015 to 2017. Multiple pregnancies and those affected by diabetes were excluded. Growth ultrasounds were performed between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks gestation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the detection of large for gestational age (LGA > 90%) and small for gestational age (SGA < 10%) were calculated using ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) and compared with gestational age and gender‐based birthweight percentiles.ResultsUsing EFW, sensitivity for detecting SGA at birth was 8.1% (six of 74) with a PPV of 100%. Sensitivity for detecting LGA at birth was 61.0% (119 of 195), PPV 54.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV percentages were all lower using AC. Only 40% of actual birthweight percentiles (405/1008) were within ±10 percentiles of their growth ultrasound EFW percentile.ConclusionThe performance of a routine third trimester ultrasound in women with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 suggests limited utility in helping identify aberrant fetal growth. This has important implications for the management of obese pregnant women.
Roles of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in allergic diseases and allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Yin , Chen Cai‐Ling , Yu Di , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAllergic diseases are characterized by overactive type 2 immune responses to allergens and immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated hypersensitivity. Emerging evidence suggests that follicular helper T (TFH) cells, rather than type 2 T‐helper (TH2) cells, play a crucial role in controlling IgE production. However, follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T (TREG) cells resident in B‐cell follicles, restricts TFH cell‐mediated help in extrafollicular antibody production, germinal center (GC) formation, immunoglobulin affinity maturation, and long‐lived, high‐affinity plasma and memory B‐cell differentiation. In mouse models of allergic asthma and food allergy, CXCR5+ TFH cells, not CXCR5− conventional TH2 cells, are needed to support IgE production, otherwise exacerbated by CXCR5+ TFR cell deletion. Upregulation of TFH cell activities, including a skewing toward type 2 TFH (TFH2) and IL‐13 producing TFH (TFH13) phenotypes, and defects in TFR cells have been identified in patients with allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) reinstates the balance between TFH and TFR cells in patients with allergic diseases, resulting in clinical benefits. Collectively, further understanding of TFH and TFR cells and their role in the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases creates opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Medical, non‐invasive, and minimally invasive treatment for Peyronie’s disease: A systematic review
Authors: El‐Sakka Ahmed I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD) remains a dilemma as the true pathogenesis of PD remains an enigma. Consequently, new molecules and therapies continue to evolve. The safety and efficacy of conservative treatment for PD have not yet established.ObjectivesTo provide the available information of the status of conservative therapy for PD.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for English‐language journal articles between January 2000 and July 2019, using the terms “Conservative treatment for PD”, “medical treatment for PD”, “non‐invasive therapies for PD” and “minimally invasive therapies for PD". This systematic review was conducted in agreement with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) system. We also manually reviewed references from selected articles. The risk of bias in the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoB 2).ResultsConservative treatment is accepted as the initial treatment step in most of the cases. This kind of therapy includes various methods of treatment such as medical, non‐invasive, and minimally invasive therapies. Ideal management of PD is not yet available. It is not possible to assess the value of treatment without well‐designed, randomized, placebo‐controlled, large‐scale clinical studies.ConclusionOptimistically, in the near future, we may witness emergence of efficacious new agents and modalities to revolutionize medical, non‐invasive, and minimally invasive treatment of this devastating condition.
Individual risk assessment for prenatal counseling in early‐onset growth‐restricted and small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Mendoza Manel , Hurtado Ivan , Bonacina Erika , Garcia‐Manau Pablo , Serrano Berta , Tur Helena , Rodo Carlota , Maiz Nerea , Carreras Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionEarly‐onset fetal growth restriction and small‐for‐gestational age of fetuses lead to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Doppler abnormalities can predict the occurrence of complications in the short term, but normal fetal Doppler values at the time of diagnosis do not exclude their occurrence in the long term. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of a predictive model to assess individual risks for prenatal counseling at the time of diagnosis.Material and methodsThis was a prospective observational study of singleton pregnancies with estimated fetal weight below the 10th centile between 20+0 and 31+6 weeks of gestational age. Placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) levels, estimated fetal weight centile, uterine artery pulsatility index, fetal Doppler and maternal risk factors for placental disease were assessed at the time of enrollment. The occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes or the need for elective delivery at <30, <34 or <37 weeks was considered an adverse pregnancy outcomes. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between each predictive variable and the adverse outcomes. A multivariable logistic regression‐based model was constructed with the combination of all variables. An additional model without sFlt‐1/PlGF was also created. Both models, and the sFlt‐1/PlGF alone, were used to develop the different formulas to assess individual risks. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess and compare their performance of screening.ResultsForty‐nine small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses and 124 with fetal growth restriction were enrolled at a median gestational age of 23.6 weeks. Elective delivery was needed in 77 (44.5%) women at <37 weeks, 53 (30.6%) women at <34 weeks and 30 (17.3%) at <30 weeks. Adverse perinatal outcomes occurred in 81 (55.9%) pregnancies. When areas under the curve were compared among models, no statistically significant differences were observed between the model with sFlt‐1/PlGF and sFlt‐1/PlGF alone; however, the model without sFlt‐1/PlGF yielded an overall poorer performance.ConclusionsIndividual risk assessment can be made at the time of early‐onset fetal growth restriction/small‐for‐gestational‐age diagnosis, which permits accurate counseling of parents with an affected fetus. Two formulas could be used: one combining maternal characteristics and ultrasound findings and the other with a single sFlt‐1/PlGF measurement.
Artificial lungs––Where are we going with the lung replacement therapy?
Authors: Swol Justyna , Shigemura Norihisa , Ichiba Shingo , Steinseifer Ulrich , Anraku Masaki , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLung transplantation may be a final destination therapy in lung failure, but limited donor organ availability creates a need for alternative management, including artificial lung technology. This invited review discusses ongoing developments and future research pathways for respiratory assist devices and tissue engineering to treat advanced and refractory lung disease. An overview is also given on the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and lessons learned as the world comes out of this situation. The first order of business in the future of lung support is solving the problems with existing mechanical devices. Interestingly, challenges identified during the early days of development persist today. These challenges include device‐related infection, bleeding, thrombosis, cost, and patient quality of life. The main approaches of the future directions are to repair, restore, replace, or regenerate the lungs. Engineering improvements to hollow fiber membrane gas exchangers are enabling longer term wearable systems and can be used to bridge lung failure patients to transplantation. Progress in the development of microchannel‐based devices has provided the concept of biomimetic devices that may even enable intracorporeal implantation. Tissue engineering and cell‐based technologies have provided the concept of bioartificial lungs with properties similar to the native organ. Recent progress in artificial lung technologies includes continued advances in both engineering and biology. The final goal is to achieve a truly implantable and durable artificial lung that is applicable to destination therapy.
Impact of worsening of aortic insufficiency during HeartMate 3 LVAD support
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil , Kim Gene , Nitta Daisuke , Fujino Takeo , Nguyen Ann , Grinstein Jonathan , Rodgers Daniel , Ota Takeyoshi , Raikhelkar Jayant , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAortic insufficiency remains a difficult to treat and highly morbid condition even in the era of HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The prognostic nature of the longitudinal progression of aortic insufficiency, however, remains unknown. We prospectively collected data on patients who received HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation, who had assessments of aortic insufficiency using a novel Doppler echocardiography obtained at outflow graft at three (baseline) and 6 months postimplant. Patients with moderate or greater aortic insufficiency at baseline were excluded. The risk of aortic insufficiency progression on 1‐year death and readmission for heart failure was investigated. In total, 41 patients (median 51 years old and 29 males) were included. All patients had less than moderate aortic insufficiency at baseline. Of them, 22 patients had worsening aortic insufficiency for 3 months following baseline assessments, which was associated with a significantly higher risk of 1‐year death or heart failure readmission rate (41% vs. 11%, P = .023) with a hazard ratio of 3.24 (95% confidence interval 1.02‐18.5, P = .038) adjusted for device speed at baseline and destination therapy indication. In patients with HeartMate 3 LVADs, progressive aortic insufficiency may be associated with a higher risk of 1‐year death or readmission for heart failure. Close monitoring of patients with baseline aortic insufficiency should be considered as a measure to risk‐stratify those for future adverse events.
Vegetation of the European mountain river gravel bars: A formalized classification
Authors: Kalníková Veronika , Chytrý Kryštof , Biţa‐Nicolae Claudia , Bracco Francesco , Font Xavier , Iakushenko Dmytro , Kącki Zygmunt , Kudrnovsky Helmut , Landucci Flavia , Lustyk Pavel , Milanović Đorđije , Šibík Jozef , Šilc Urban , Uziębło Aldona K. , Villani Mariacristina , Chytrý Milan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsRiver gravel bars are endangered habitats in Europe. However, classification schemes of their vegetation and habitat types differ among European countries, and they are even ignored in some national schemes. This causes problems in conservation planning, monitoring and management. Hence we aimed at building the first unified vegetation classification for river gravel‐bar habitats across European mountain systems.LocationEurope.MethodsIn total 4,769 vegetation plot records of river gravel‐bar plant communities were collected from national, regional or private databases, digitized from the literature and newly collected in the field. A hierarchical classification expert system with formal definitions of vegetation types was created. The definitions combined the criteria of presence or cover of groups of species with similar ecology or single species narrowly specialized to a particular gravel‐bar habitat. The TWINSPAN classification was applied to early‐successional vegetation types to check whether the classification based on formal definitions was supported by the results of unsupervised classification. Similarity patterns among vegetation types were visualized using the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination.ResultsEarly‐successional and scrub gravel‐bar vegetation types were respectively classified into two classes: Thlaspietea rotundifolii and Salicetea purpureae. Eleven associations and four alliances (Calamagrostion pseudophragmitae, Epilobion fleischeri, Salicion cantabricae and Salicion eleagno‐daphnoidis) were defined formally. Based on a critical revision, some associations or alliances defined in the previous literature were merged or discarded. The main gradient in variability within the gravel‐bar vegetation is connected with the altitudinal gradient, biogeographical variation, local hydromorphological processes and various successional changes.ConclusionsThe first unified and formalized classification system of the European mountain river gravel‐bar vegetation was created, and species composition, ecology and distribution of these types were characterized. The syntaxonomical nomenclature of these types was checked and revised. This study provides a base for conservation planning of these threatened and rapidly disappearing habitats.
Drug interaction of ningetinib and gefitinib involving CYP1A1 and efflux transporters in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Qian , Xie Cen , Xi Ning , Guo Zitao , Li Ming , Hou Xiangyu , Xie Ningjie , Sun Mingming , Li Jing , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

AimsNingetinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aims to investigate the drug interaction of ningetinib and gefitinib and the mechanism of high plasma exposure of N‐demethylated ningetinib (M1) in NSCLC patients.MethodsPatients with NSCLC were recruited. Metabolism and transport assays were performed using in vitro models. Deuterated M1 was used to study the effects of ningetinib and gefitinib on M1 efflux in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice.ResultsUpon co‐administration of ningetinib with gefitinib, the plasma exposure of M1 was reduced by 80%, whereas that of ningetinib was not affected. In vitro experiments indicated that CYP1A1 was primarily responsible for M1 formation. Gefitinib was demonstrated to be a strong inhibitor of CYP1A1 with Ki value of 0.095 μM. M1 was identified as a substrate of efflux transporters P‐gp and BCRP, while ningetinib and gefitinib were demonstrated to be their inhibitors, which was consistent with the results in mice. However, the inhibitory effect of gefitinib on efflux in vivo was negligible in the presence of ningetinib.ConclusionThe high plasma exposure of M1 in patients was attributed to the inhibition of M1 efflux by ningetinib and its low tissue affinity. When co‐administered, gefitinib inhibited the formation of M1, but due to the low metabolic yield of M1 in vivo, the pharmacokinetics of ningetinib was not influenced. Inhibition of CYP1A1 may increase the concentration of ningetinib in target tissues, and the long‐term safety and efficacy of ningetinib combined with gefitinib should be evaluated.