bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of cognitive behavioural therapy in supporting bereaved adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Lonergan Aoife 
Published: February 2020

Accessible summary

People with an intellectual disability may have feelings that are hard to manage when a loved one dies.

People with an intellectual disability may not receive access to enough support to help them understand and manage difficult feelings when someone dies.

Cognitive behavioural therapy is a therapy that can be adapted and may be useful to support people with intellectual disability when someone they love has died.

AbstractBackgroundAs the life expectancy of adults with intellectual disability has increased, experience of familial bereavement is becoming more frequent. However, this group may not receive adequate information and support to enable them to understand and cope with the experience of loss.MethodThis narrative review examined the impact of bereavement, the ability to engage in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and learn skills to understand and cope with bereavement, in an intellectual disability context.ResultsFindings indicated that the loss of someone close can render adults with intellectual disability at increased risk for additional mental health difficulties. Among variables associated with better death comprehension are higher levels of cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour skills and receptive language ability. However, research indicates that understanding the concept of death is not a requirement for experiencing the emotions associated with grieving. Findings indicated that the successful use of CBT for bereavement in people with intellectual disability requires adaptation, such as the use of visuals and preparatory training in relation to the CBT model.ConclusionsWith adaptation, CBT may be beneficial in supporting adults with intellectual disability to understand and cope with bereavement. The lack of controlled studies available for review exploring the impact of CBT on bereavement and the lack of standardised measures available in a population intellectual disability limit this review's findings. Controlled studies examining the effectiveness of adapted CBT for bereavement in a population with intellectual disability are recommended.
Temperature‐body size responses in insects: a case study of British Odonata
Authors: Wonglersak Rungtip , Fenberg Phillip B. , Langdon Peter G. , Brooks Stephen J. , Price Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2020

1. Body size is highly correlated with physiological traits, fitness, and trophic interactions. These traits are subject to change if there are widespread reductions of body size with warming temperatures, which is suggested as one of the ‘universal’ ecological responses to climate change. However, general patterns of body size response to temperature in insects have not yet emerged.2. To address this knowledge gap, we paired the wing length (as a proxy for body size) of 5331 museum specimens of 14 species of British Odonata with historical temperature data. Three sets of analyses were performed: (i) a regression analysis to test for a relationship between wing length and mean seasonal temperature within species and subsequent comparisons across species and suborders; (ii) an investigation of whether the body size of species has an effect on sensitivity to warming temperature; and (iii) a linear‐mixed effects model to investigate factors that potentially affect temperature–size response.3. The regression analysis indicated that wing length is negatively correlated with mean seasonal temperatures for Zygoptera, whereas Anisoptera showed no significant correlation with temperature.4. There is a significant decline in wing length of all Zygoptera (but not Anisoptera) with collection date, suggesting that individuals emerging later in the season are smaller.5. Life‐cycle type was not important for predicting wing length–temperature responses, whereas sex, species, and suborder were indicated as important factors affecting the magnitude of temperature–size responses in Odonata.6. Overall, wing lengths of Zygoptera are more sensitive to temperature and collection date than Anisoptera.
Phosphorus alleviation of nitrogen‐suppressed methane sink in global grasslands
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Yuan Fenghui , Bai Junhong , Duan Hongtao , Gu Xueying , Hou Longyu , Huang Yao , Yang Mingan , He Jin‐Sheng , Zhang Zhenhua , Yu Lijun , Song Changchun , Lipson David A. , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter , Janssens Ivan A. , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrassland ecosystems account for more than 10% of the global CH4 sink in soils. A 4‐year field experiment found that addition of P alone did not affect CH4 uptake and experimental addition of N alone significantly suppressed CH4 uptake, whereas concurrent N and P additions suppressed CH4 uptake to a lesser degree. A meta‐analysis including 382 data points in global grasslands corroborated these findings. Global extrapolation with an empirical modelling approach estimated that contemporary N addition suppresses CH4 sink in global grassland by 11.4% and concurrent N and P deposition alleviates this suppression to 5.8%. The P alleviation of N‐suppressed CH4 sink is primarily attributed to substrate competition, defined as the competition between ammonium and CH4 for the methane mono‐oxygenase enzyme. The N and P impacts on CH4 uptake indicate that projected increases in N and P depositions might substantially affect CH4 uptake and alter the global CH4 cycle.
Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth R. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationTheory describing biodiversity gradients has focused on species richness with less conceptual synthesis outlining expectations for intraspecific diversity gradients, that is, broad‐scale population richness and genetic diversity. Consequently, there is a need for a diversity–gradient synthesis that complements species richness with population richness and genetic diversity.Review methodsSpecies and population richness are the number of different species or populations in an area, respectively. Population richness can be totalled across species, within a species or averaged across species. Genetic diversity within populations can be summed or averaged across all species in an area or be averaged across an individual species. Using these definitions, we apply historical, ecological and evolutionary frameworks of species richness gradients to formulate predictions for intraspecific diversity gradients.Review conclusionsAll frameworks suggest higher average population richness at high latitudes, but similar total population richness across latitudes. Predictions for genetic diversity patterns across species are not consistent across frameworks and latitudes.New analysis methodsSpecies range size tends to increase with latitude, so we used empirical data from c. 900 vertebrate species to test hypotheses relating species range size and richness to population richness and genetic diversity.New analysis conclusionsSpecies range size was positively associated with its population richness but not with species‐specific genetic diversity. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was supported between species richness and total population richness, but only weakly for average population richness.Overall conclusionThrough the lens of species richness theories, our synthesis identifies an uncoupling between species richness, population richness and genetic diversity in many instances due to historical and contemporary factors. Range size and taxonomic differences appear to play a large role in moderating intraspecific diversity gradients. We encourage further analyses to jointly assess diversity–gradient theory at species, population and genetic levels towards better understanding Earth’s biodiversity distribution and refining biodiversity conservation.
Effectiveness of a simplified reablement program to minimize functional decline in hospitalized older patients
Authors: Hu Fang‐Wen , Huang Yi‐Ting , Lin Huey‐Shyan , Chen Ching‐Huey , Chen Mei‐Ju , Chang Chia‐Ming 
Published: February 2020

AimTo examine the effects of a simplified reablement program on physical function and quality of life in hospitalized older patients.MethodsThe randomized controlled trial enrolled 114 older patients aged ≥65 years who, 2 weeks before admission, had been able to walk independently. Patients randomized to the reablement group received supervision and assistance to carry out the simplified reablement program 30 min daily during their hospital stay. Patients in the reminding group received only oral encouragement to continue the reablement program for 30 min daily. The control group received only usual care that included medical intervention consistent with the patient's diagnosis. The main outcome was improvement in physical function, including the modified version of the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score, Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Hand Grip Strength (HGS). Secondary outcomes included the EuroQoL 5 Dimension (EQ‐5D) Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsThe intervention had no significant effect on the Katz ADL score. However, a significant within‐group improvement in TUG occurred in the reminding group and reablement group. In addition, a significant time‐dependent improvement in HGS occurred only in the reablement group. With respect to secondary outcomes, the EQ5D score improved significantly only in the reablement group at 3 months after discharge.ConclusionsThe simplified reablement program may be beneficial to optimize physical function and improve quality of life in hospitalized older patients. It is recommended that health professionals should assist or encourage older patients to do simplified reablement during their hospital stay. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 436–442.
Increased production of functional small extracellular vesicles in senescent endothelial cells
Authors: Riquelme Jaime A. , Takov Kaloyan , Santiago‐Fernández Concepción , Rossello Xavier , Lavandero Sergio , Yellon Derek M. , Davidson Sean M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel players in vascular biology. However, a thorough understanding of their production and function remains elusive. Endothelial senescence is a key feature of vascular ageing and thus, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular disease. In this study, we sought to characterize the EV production of senescent endothelial cells. To achieve this, Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were replicated until they reached senescence, as determined by measurement of Senescence‐Associated β‐Galactosidase activity via microscopy and flow cytometry. Expression of the endosomal marker Rab7 and the EV marker CD63 was determined by immunofluorescence. Small EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized using electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoassays to assess morphology, size, concentration and expression of exosome markers CD9 and CD81. Migration of HUVECs in response to EVs was studied using a transwell assay. The results showed that senescent endothelial cells express higher levels of Rab7 and CD63. Moreover, senescent endothelial cells produced higher levels of CD9‐ and CD81‐positive EVs. Additionally, small EVs from both young and senescent endothelial cells promoted HUVEC migration. Overall, senescent endothelial cells produce an increased number of functional small EVs, which may have a role in vascular physiology and disease.
Missing data in longitudinal studies: Comparison of multiple imputation methods in a real clinical setting
Authors: Rosato Rosalba , Pagano Eva , Testa Silvia , Zola Paolo , di Cuonzo Daniela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesMissing data represent a challenge in longitudinal studies. The aim of the study is to compare the performance of the multivariate normal imputation and the fully conditional specification methods, using real data set with missing data partially completed 2 years later.MethodThe data used came from an ongoing randomized controlled trial with 5‐year follow‐up. At a certain time, we observed a number of patients with missing data and a number of patients whose data were unobserved because they were not yet eligible for a given follow‐up. Both unobserved and missing data were imputed. The imputed unobserved data were compared with the corresponding real information obtained 2 years later.ResultsBoth imputation methods showed similar performance on the accuracy measures and produced minimally biased estimates.ConclusionDespite the large number of repeated measures with intermittent missing data and the non‐normal multivariate distribution of data, both methods performed well and was not possible to determine which was better.
Outbreaks of severe myositis in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus L.) associated with Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Pierezan Felipe , Shahin Khalid , Heckman Taylor I. , Ang June , Byrne Barbara A. , Soto Esteban 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOutbreaks of an infectious disease affecting cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) were investigated. Clinical signs included erratic swimming, arching of the back and mortality. Necropsy findings included poorly demarcated yellow to dark‐red and friable lesions in the epaxial muscle, ulcerative skin lesions and haemorrhages in the swim bladder and coelomic wall. Histological evaluation revealed areas of necrotizing and heterophilic myositis with aggregates of bacterial cocci. The lumen of blood vessels in the dermis, under ulcerated areas, and in the posterior kidney, was occluded by fibrin thrombi. Aggregates of Gram‐positive cocci were observed in the muscle lesions and within the fibrin thrombi in the dermis and kidney. Genetically homogeneous Streptococcus iniae strains were recovered from affected fish from different outbreaks. The isolates shared high degree of similarity at gene locus (gyrB) with previously characterized S. iniae from cultured fish in California, confirming the emergence of this particular strain of S. iniae in US aquaculture.
Risk factors of parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Wang Nan , Yan Weihui , Hong Li , Lu Lina , Feng Yi , Wu Jiang , Tao Yijing , Ruan Huijuan , Tang Qingya , Cai Wei , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2020

AimWe aimed to explore risk factors associated with parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis (PNAC) in very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.MethodsVLBW infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) for at least 14 days were enrolled in a retrospective dual‐centre study and divided into two groups chronologically: group A (2000–2007) and group B (2008–2015). The incidence of PNAC and related factors were investigated. We compared the differences between PNAC and non‐PNAC groups. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the potential risk factors of PNAC.ResultsA total of 387 VLBW infants (53 in group A and 334 in group B) were enrolled in the study. The total incidence of PNAC was 6.7%, 9.4% in group A and 6.3% in group B. The dosage of amino acid (P = 0.009), glucose (P = 0.006), PN calories (P = 0.021) and the ratio of glucose/fat (P = 0.014) were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Non‐protein energy to nitrogen ratio (P = 0.017) was lower in group B. Birthweight was significantly lower in the PNAC group than in the non‐PNAC group (P = 0.021). Subgroup analysis showed that gestational age and duration of PN were significantly different between the PNAC and non‐PNAC groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that prolonged duration of PN (≥43 days) (odds ratio 3.155, 95% confidence interval 1.009–9.861, P = 0.048) was an independent risk factor of PNAC.ConclusionsFor VLBW infants, prolonged duration of PN is a risk factor for the development of PNAC. PNAC may be prevented by weaning off PN as early as possible in VLBW infants.
Sleep problems and solution seeking for children with cerebral palsy and their parents
Authors: Petersen Sacha , Francis Kate L , Reddihough Dinah S , Lima Sally , Harvey Adrienne , Newall Fiona 
Published: February 2020

AimSleep problems are common in school‐aged children with cerebral palsy (CP). Despite the significant impact of sleep disturbance and deprivation, there is a paucity of research in the area. The aims of this study were to (i) investigate the frequency of sleep problems in children with CP and their parents and (ii) understand what happens when parents ask for help with sleep problems from their health‐care professionals.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study using an online survey sent to parents/primary care givers of children with CP aged 6–12 years recruited through the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register. The following sleep assessment tools: The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Gross Motor Function Classification System Parent Rating Tool were administered along with custom‐designed questions that were informed by a preceding qualitative scoping study.ResultsComplete data sets were received from 126 parents/care givers. Almost half (46%) of the parents reported their child had sleep problems. Of the 64 parents who reported seeking help for a child's sleep problem, only 21 indicated that their attempt was successful. If a child had poor sleep, the parent was more likely to have a sleep problem than parents who did not report poor child sleeping.ConclusionSleep problems are common in children with CP and their parents. Parents do not always seek help, and those who do may not find an effective solution. Future research should explore how sleep problems can be effectively prioritised for children with CP and their parents/care givers.
Using and communicating uncertainty for the effective control of invasive non‐native species
Authors: Ward Alastair I. , Richardson Suzanne , Macarthur Roy , Mill Aileen C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEstimates of quantities needed to plan invasive species control, such as population size, are always uncertain; this is an issue that can become a problem when mishandled in ecological science and its communication. The complexities of incorporating uncertainty into sophisticated decision‐support tools may be a barrier to their use by decision makers, leading to decisions being made without due regard to uncertainty and risking misplaced certainty of predicted outcomes. We summarise ways in which uncertainty has been incorporated into and used to advise decisions on the management of invasive non‐native species and other problem species, and offer a simple conceptual model for accommodating and using uncertainty at the planning stage. We also demonstrate how frequently uncertainty has been misused and miscommunicated in the wildlife management literature. We contend that uncertainty in estimates of natural quantities must be acknowledged, can inform decisions and can be made to derive decisions, and should not be ignored if invasive species policy is to be delivered effectively. Uncertainty must be communicated thoroughly and correctly by scientists if decision makers are to understand its consequences for planning and resourcing control programmes.
Characterizing organic particle impacts on inert metal surfaces: Foundations for capturing organic molecules during hypervelocity transits of Enceladus plumes
Authors: New J. S. , Mathies R. A. , Price M. C. , Cole M. J. , Golozar M. , Spathis V. , Burchell M. J. , Butterworth A. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presence and accessibility of a sub‐ice‐surface saline ocean at Enceladus, together with geothermal activity and a rocky core, make it a compelling location to conduct further, in‐depth, astrobiological investigations to probe for organic molecules indicative of extraterrestrial life. Cryovolcanic plumes in the south polar region of Enceladus enable the use of remote in situ sampling and analysis techniques. However, efficient plume sampling and the transportation of captured organic materials to an organic analyzer present unique challenges for an Enceladus mission. A systematic study, accelerating organic ice‐particle simulants into soft inert metal targets at velocities ranging 0.5–3.0 km s−1, was carried out using a light gas gun to explore the efficacy of a plume capture instrument. Capture efficiency varied for different metal targets as a function of impact velocity and particle size. Importantly, organic chemical compounds remained chemically intact in particles captured at speeds up to ~2 km s−1. Calibration plots relating the velocity, crater, and particle diameter were established to facilitate future ice‐particle impact experiments where the size of individual ice particles is unknown.
Bacterial wilt of dry beans caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens: A new threat from an old enemy
Authors: Osdaghi Ebrahim , Young Anthony J. , Harveson Robert M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBacterial wilt and tan spot of dry beans (family Fabaceae), caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, is an important emerging disease threatening the edible legume industry around the globe. The management of bacterial wilt has been a major problem since its original description in 1922. This is in part due to the seedborne nature of the pathogen allowing the bacterium to be transmitted long distances via infected seeds, as well as a lack of detailed molecular information concerning the pathogenicity repertoires and virulence determinates of the pathogen. Identification can also be difficult owing to the presence of five different colony colour variants (i.e., yellow, orange, pink, purple, and red) on culture media. In this review, we provide an overview of the aetiology, epidemiology, and management strategies of bacterial wilt disease. First, a comprehensive and comparative symptomology of the disease on different dry bean species is described. Then, the taxonomic history of the causal agent and utility of high‐throughput sequencing‐based approaches in the precise characterization of the pathogen is explained. Furthermore, we provide an updated outline on the global distribution of the pathogen, highlighting expansion of the causal agent into the areas with no history of the disease until the beginning of the current century. Finally, because there are limited options for use of conventional pesticides against the pathogen, we highlight the use of integrated pest management strategies, for example quarantine inspections, resistant cultivars, and crop sanitation, to combat the risk of bacterial wilt disease in the dry bean industry.Disease symptomsInterveinal chlorosis on leaflets leading to necrotic areas and systemic wilt. Seed discolouration to yellow, orange, pink, or purple is seen in white‐seeded cultivars.Host rangeCauses bacterial wilt and tan spot disease on edible dry beans in the Fabaceae family, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), mungbean (Vigna radiata), soybean (Glycine max), as well as a number of weed species.Taxonomic status of the pathogenBacteria; phylum Actinobacteria; order Actinomycetales; suborder: Micrococcineae; family Microbacteriaceae; genus Curtobacterium; species Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens.SynonymsCorynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens; Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens, Phytomonas flaccumfaciens, Bacterium flaccumfaciens.Microbiological propertiesMulticoloured (yellow, orange, pink, purple, and red), gram‐positive, aerobic, curved rod, nonspore‐forming, polar flagellated, motile cells.DistributionWidespread in America (Brazil, Canada, and the USA), Australia, and Iran. Restricted occurrence in Africa and Europe.Phytosanitary categorizationEPPO A2 list no. 48, EU Annex II⁄B.