bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of switching between TNF inhibitors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: is the reason to switch relevant?
Authors: Manica Santiago Rodrigues , Sepriano Alexandre , Pimentel-Santos Fernando , Gouveia Nélia , Barcelos Anabela , Branco Jaime C. , Bernardes Miguel , Ferreira Raquel Miriam , Vieira-Sousa Elsa , Barreira Sofia , Vinagre Filipe , Roque Raquel , Santos Helena , Madeira Nathalie , Rovisco João , Daniel Alexandra , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate whether the reason to discontinue the first TNF inhibitor (TNFi) affects the response to the second TNFi in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Patients with axSpA from the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (ReumaPt), who discontinued their first TNFi and started the second TNFi between June 2008 and May 2018, were included. Response was assessed by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) clinically important improvement (ASDAS-CII), major important improvement (ASDAS-MI), low disease activity (ASDAS-LDA), and inactive disease (ASDAS-ID). The reason for discontinuation of the first TNFi was defined, according to ASDAS-CII as primary failure (no response ≤ 6 months), secondary failure (response ≤ 6 months but lost thereafter), adverse events, and others. The association between the reason for discontinuation of the first TNFi and response to the second TNFi over time was assessed in multivariable generalized equation (GEE) models.

Results
In total, 193 patients were included. The reason for discontinuation of the first TNFi did not influence the response to the second TNFi, according to the ASDAS-CII. However, a difference was found with more stringent outcomes, e.g., there was a higher likelihood to achieve ASDAS-ID with the second TNFi for patients discontinuing the first TNFi due to secondary failure (OR 7.3 [95%CI 1.9; 27.7]), adverse events (OR 9.1 [2.5; 33.3]), or other reasons (OR 7.7 [1.6; 37.9]) compared to primary failure.

Conclusion
Patients with axSpA with secondary failure to their first TNFi, compared to those with primary failure, have a better response to the second TNFi according to stringent outcomes.
Hemato-oncology Tourism in Israel: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Hod Keren , Bronstein Yotam , Chodick Gabriel , Shpilberg Ofer 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE Despite the significant increase in medical tourism worldwide, data on medical tourist (MT) clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes are lacking. Many MTs who choose Israel to receive medical services are individuals diagnosed with hematologic malignancies. The purpose of this study was to describe hemato-oncology MTs and to compare their disease characteristics and treatment outcomes to a control group of local (Israeli) hemato-oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective review, we analyzed hospital records of all hemato-oncology tourists and Israeli patients diagnosed and/or treated at the Institute of Hematology, Assuta Medical Center, between 2014 and 2016. MT and local patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were compared. MT data were also analyzed according to their commitment to treatment in Israel. RESULTS Data on 110 MTs (median age, 51.0 years; 53.6% women) and 122 local patients (median age, 65.0 years; 41.8% women) diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were analyzed. The most common hematologic malignancy in both MTs and local patients was NHL (54.5% and 73.0%, respectively). Among MTs, 32.7% were fully committed to treatment in Israel, 32.7% were partially committed, and 34.6% were not committed. In 25.9% of MTs, a review of their biopsy resulted in a more definitive or different diagnosis. The percentage of patients who achieved complete response to treatment was similar among MTs and local patients. CONCLUSION MTs often require a pathologic review of their initial diagnosis and are more likely to present with advanced stages of disease. Treatment of MTs according to the appropriate clinical parameters is expected to yield similar outcomes to those of local patients.
Subsequent Neoplasm Risk Associated With Rare Variants in DNA Damage Response and Clinical Radiation Sensitivity Syndrome Genes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Morton Lindsay M. , Karyadi Danielle M. , Hartley Stephen W. , Frone Megan N. , Sampson Joshua N. , Howell Rebecca M. , Neglia Joseph P. , Arnold Michael A. , Hicks Belynda D. , Jones Kristine , Zhu Bin , Dagnall Casey L. , Karlins Eric , Yeager Meredith S. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Yasui Yutaka , Turcotte Lucie M. , Smith Susan A. , Weathers Rita E. , Miller Jeremy , Sigel Byron S. , Merino Diana M. , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Bhatia Smita , Robison Leslie L. , Tucker Margaret A. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Chanock Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE Radiotherapy for childhood cancer is associated with elevated subsequent neoplasm (SN) risk, but the contribution of rare variants in DNA damage response and radiation sensitivity genes to SN risk is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors originally diagnosed during 1970 to 1986 (mean follow-up, 32.7 years), with reconstruction of doses to body regions from radiotherapy records. We identified patients who developed SN types previously reported to be related to radiotherapy (RT-SNs; eg, basal cell carcinoma [BCC], breast cancer, meningioma, thyroid cancer, sarcoma) and matched controls (sex, childhood cancer type/diagnosis, age, SN location, radiation dose, survival). Conditional logistic regression assessed SN risk associated with potentially protein-damaging rare variants (SnpEff, ClinVar) in 476 DNA damage response or radiation sensitivity genes with exact permutation-based P values using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of P < 8.06 × 10−5. RESULTS Among 5,105 childhood cancer survivors of European descent, 1,108 (21.7%) developed at least 1 RT-SN. Out-of-field RT-SN risk, excluding BCC, was associated with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene variants (patient cases, 23.2%; controls, 10.8%; odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.9; P = 4.79 × 10−5), most notably but nonsignificantly for FANCM (patient cases, 4.0%; matched controls, 0.6%; P = 9.64 × 10−5). HRR variants were not associated with likely in/near-field RT-SNs, excluding BCC (patient cases, 12.7%; matched controls, 12.9%; P = .92). Irrespective of radiation dose, risk for RT-SNs was also associated with EXO1 variants (patient cases, 1.8%; controls, 0.4%; P = 3.31 × 10−5), another gene implicated in DNA double-strand break repair. CONCLUSION In this large-scale discovery study, we identified novel associations between RT-SN risk after childhood cancer and potentially protein-damaging rare variants in genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair, particularly HRR. With replication, these results could affect screening recommendations for childhood cancer survivors and risk-benefit assessments of treatment approaches.
EXERCISE DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Davenport Margie H. 
Published: August 2020

Apply It!Summary•Pregnant women are recommended to engage in ≥150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity over three or more days per week.•This level of PA significantly reduces the odds of developing pregnancy complications (e.g., diabetes and hypertension) without increasing the odds of miscarriage, early delivery, or a small baby.•Engaging in physical activity during pregnancy reduces the odds of developing depression by 67% and reduces the severity of depressive symptoms.•Increasing the amount of weekly exercise concomitantly reduces the odds of developing pregnancy-related complications.As exercise and health professionals, it’s important to consider a woman’s physical, mental, social, and spiritual health when prescribing exercise. Health and fitness professionals can encourage women during this period to be active and to include other areas of wellness by inviting friends to be active with them, or practicing mindfulness during PA, or joining group exercise session for increased social interactions. During pregnancy, there will be days where a woman feels tired or unwell, encouraging adequate rest and sleep to ensure recovery is as important as encouraging a resumption of activity after recovery. Consider the individual’s goal, whether it be disease prevention, stress reduction, or mood enhancement, in the design of an exercise plan or in making recommendations regarding PA. Although prescribing exercise during pregnancy requires additional considerations beyond nonpregnant women, such as time constraints, fatigue, and caring for other children, it is possible to develop effective strategies that increase PA while at the same time improving different aspects of wellness, particularly socioemotional well-being. And all of these can occur with as little as 10 minutes a day of PA.
MIDLIFE FUNCTIONAL FITNESS
Authors: Evans Ellen M. , Castillo-Hernández Isaura M. 
Published: August 2020

Apply It!
After reading this article, the health and fitness professional will
Recognize that health behavior choices during midlife, that align with the dimensions of wellness and include exercise, can greatly affect one’s daily function and well-being and increase the chance for successful and active aging;
Conceptually reframe functional fitness, adding cognitive and psychosocial components to physical domains, and redefine it as functional well-being, which is operationalized as having adequate daily productivity with vitality and vigor while experiencing minimal stress that collectively enables optimal function;
Appreciate that midlife challenges often include changes in sex hormones and body composition, newly diagnosed chronic diseases/conditions, and complicated social roles, which together result in high stress levels and reduced sleep quality that can challenge multiple domains of one’s wellness;
When working with midlife individuals, understand that (a) an increased focus on strength training and exercise intensity is important to achieve benefits in less time; (b) daily movement is essential to both function and feeling better; (c) exercise is only one component of physical wellness; and (d) health behaviors are often interrelated.
KEEP ON: STAYING ACTIVE TO PROMOTE WELL-BEING DURING THE GOLDEN YEARS
Authors: Bushman Barbara , Goddard Stacy 
Published: August 2020

Apply It!
• Incorporating balance and mobility exercises, in addition to muscular strength, aerobic activities, and flexibility, is needed to prevent falls among older adults.
• Functional activities can be added into any phase of a workout for older adults from warm-up to cool-down.
• Adequately addressing barriers while emphasizing motivators is key in promoting physical activity and well-being.
• Health and fitness professionals are in a pivotal position to take a holistic approach to wellness with well-designed programs that are physically and mentally stimulating.
Exercise Training Reverses Lipotoxicity-induced Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting HMGCS2
Authors: LI SHENGCUN , QIAN XIAOLI , GONG JIAHONG , CHEN JIE , TU WENZHAN , CHEN XIAOLONG , CHU MAOPING , YANG GUANHU , LI LEI , JIANG SONGHE 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training on preventing lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and to investigate the role of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and miR-344g-5p in cardiomyocytes.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk then began swimming exercise or remained sedentary for 8 wk. Thereafter, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and heart tissue and plasma were collected for further measurements. The molecular mechanism of exercise was investigated after treating Hmgcs2 siRNA in palmitate-induced neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes.

Results
HFD induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and reduced coronary reserve and cardiac function. HMGCS2 levels increased, but junctophilin-2 (JPH2) levels decreased in HFD mice hearts. Such effects were attenuated by swimming exercise. Mechanistically, Hmgcs2 silencing prevented apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage and elevated the expression of JPH2 in palmitate-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In addition, exercise promoted miR-344g-5p expression in HFD hearts. The overexpression of miR-344g-5p by chemical mimic reduced HMGCS2, apoptosis, and caspase-3 cleavage and elevated JPH2 expression in palmitate-induced cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that exercise limits lipid metabolic disorder, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis and aids in the prevention of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Exercise-mediated cardioprotection by upregulating miR-344g-5p, which targets Hmgcs2 mRNA, prohibits HMGCS2 upregulation and thus lipotoxicity.
Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise Therapy (STRUETH): Body Composition
Authors: THOMAS HANNAH J. , MARSH CHANNA E. , MASLEN BARBARA A. , SCURRAH KATRINA J. , NAYLOR LOUISE H. , GREEN DANIEL J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We studied individual variability in exercise responses in twins. We hypothesized that 1) endurance (END) training would reduce fat mass whereas resistance (RES) training would increase lean mass, 2) individuals who did not respond to one modality would respond to the other, and 3) cross-sectional heritability estimates would be higher than estimates based on training responses.

Methods
DXA was undertaken in 84 same-sex untrained twins (30 monozygotic [MZ], 12 dizygotic [DZ]). Participants underwent 3 months of END and RES training, separated by 3 months washout. Twins trained in pairs.

Results
RES (P < 0.001) and END (P = 0.002) increased lean mass, with a greater change in RES (P < 0.001). Similarly, RES (P = 0.04) and END (P = 0.006) decreased fat mass. Eighty-four percent of subjects responded positively to RES for lean mass and 58% to END (P < 0.001). For fat mass, RES and END induced 56% and 66% responder rates, respectively (P = 0.28). Cross-sectional intraclass correlations, used to assess the similarity in twin responses, were higher for MZ than DZ pairs for all variables. Following training, only MZ pairs were significantly correlated (P < 0.001) for change in lean mass to RES.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this study is the first to report individual responsiveness in body composition to both RES and END in the same subjects. Although RES and END induced favorable changes in fat mass, RES was superior for lean mass. The frequency of lean mass responders to RES exceeded that for END, whereas response rates for fat mass were similar. Cross-sectional heritability estimates were higher than training response estimates, and shared environment had the largest influence on changes in body composition. This study suggests that exercise professionals should consider modality and environmental factors when optimizing exercise interventions.
Coingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein on Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise: A Meta-analysis
Authors: MARGOLIS LEE M. , ALLEN JILLIAN T. , HATCH-MCCHESNEY ADRIENNE , PASIAKOS STEFAN M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Evidence suggests that carbohydrate and protein (CHO-PRO) ingestion after exercise enhances muscle glycogen repletion to a greater extent than carbohydrate (CHO) alone. However, there is no consensus at this point, and results across studies are mixed, which may be attributable to differences in energy content and carbohydrate intake relative to body mass consumed after exercise. The purpose of this study was determine the overall effects of CHO-PRO and the independent effects of energy and relative carbohydrate content of CHO-PRO supplementation on postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis compared with CHO alone.

Methods
Meta-analysis was conducted on crossover studies assessing the influence of CHO-PRO compared with CHO alone on postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis. Studies were identified in a systematic review from PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Data are presented as effect size (95% confidence interval [CI]) using Hedges’ g. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate effects of isocaloric and nonisocaloric energy content and dichotomized by median relative carbohydrate (high, ≥0.8 g·kg−1⋅h−1; low, <0.8 g·kg−1⋅h−1) content on glycogen synthesis.

Results
Twenty studies were included in the analysis. CHO-PRO had no overall effect on glycogen synthesis (0.13, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.29) compared with CHO. Subgroup analysis found that CHO-PRO had a positive effect (0.26, 95% CI = 0.04–0.49) on glycogen synthesis when the combined intervention provided more energy than CHO. Glycogen synthesis was not significant (−0.05, 95% CI = −0.23 to 0.13) in CHO-PRO compared with CON when matched for energy content. There was no statistical difference of CHO-PRO on glycogen synthesis in high (0.07, 95% CI = −0.11 to 0.22) or low (0.21, 95% CI = −0.08 to 0.50) carbohydrate content compared with CHO.

Conclusion
Glycogen synthesis rates are enhanced when CHO-PRO are coingested after exercise compared with CHO only when the added energy of protein is consumed in addition to, not in place of, carbohydrate.
In vitro comparison of two types of digital X-ray sensors for proximal caries detection validated by micro-computed tomography
Authors: Heck Katrin , Litzenburger Friederike , Ullmann Verena , Hoffmann Lea , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two intraoral digital X-ray sensors—the charged-coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)—for proximal caries detection in permanent molar and premolar teeth. Micro-CT served as the reference standard. Methods: 250 samples were mounted in three-dimensional (3D)-printed phantoms, and their proximal surfaces were evaluated by ICDAS criteria directly to create a balanced sample. Bitewing radiography was conducted using 3D-constructed X-ray phantoms with a CCD sensor at a 0.08 s and a CMOS sensor at 0.12 and 0.16 s exposure time. Two examiners determined the diagnostic decisions twice at appropriate intervals. Three diagnostic thresholds for sound surfaces and enamel and dentin caries were defined and presented in a cross-table. Sensitivity and specificity values and overall accuracy were calculated, and receiver operating curves were generated and compared. Reliability assessment was performed using linear weighted κ statistics. Results: The overall accuracies between the reference standard and different sensors and exposure times were 63.1% (CCD), 67.1% (CMOS sensor at 0.12 s) and 70.7% (CMOS sensor at 0.08 s). High specificity but low sensitivity values were found for all examination conditions at all thresholds. The area under the curve comparison values revealed no significant difference between sensor types and exposure times. Linear-weighted κ analysis revealed almost perfect agreement for all assessments. Conclusion: No significant difference was found for diagnostic performance of proximal caries detection between the different sensors and exposure times. The increased exposure time did not lead to a significant diagnostic benefit.
Virtual reality training compared with apprenticeship training in laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: Portelli M , Bianco SF , Bezzina T , Abela JE 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Since its inception, laparoscopic surgery has evolved and new techniques have been developed due to technological advances. This requires a different and more complex skill set in comparison with open surgery. Reduced working hours, less training time and patient safety factors demand that such skills need to be achieved outside the operating theatre environment. Several studies have been published and have determined the effectiveness of virtual reality training. We aimed to compare virtual reality training with the traditional apprenticeship method of training and determine whether it can supplement or replace the traditional apprenticeship model. We also aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the literature and develop conclusions with respect to the benefits achieved by adding virtual reality training on a regular basis to surgical training programmes. Methods A literature search was carried out on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar academic search engines using the MESH terms ‘randomised controlled trials’, ‘virtual reality’, ‘laparoscopy’, ‘surgical education’ and ‘surgical training’. All randomised controlled trials published to January 2018 comparing virtual reality training to apprenticeship training were included. Data were collected on improved dexterity, operative performance and operating times. Each outcome was calculated with 95% confidence intervals and with intention-to-treat analysis; 24 randomised controlled trials were analysed. Findings Meta-analytical data were extracted for time, path length, instrument handling, tissue handling, error scores and objective structure assessment of technical skills scoring. There was significant improvement in individual trainee skill in all meta-analyses (p < 0.0002). Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that virtual reality not only improves efficiency in the trainee’s surgical practice but also improves quality with reduced error rates and improved tissue handling.
Structure, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies of new AII(SbV0.50CrIII0.50)(PO4)2 (A = Ba, Sr, Pb) yavapaiite phases
Authors: Bellefqih Hajar , Fakhreddine Rachid , Tigha Rachid , Aatiq Abderrahim 
Published: August 2020

<p class="Mabstract">Three new A<sup>II</sup>(Sb<sub>0.5</sub>Cr<sub>0.5</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (A<sup>II</sup> = Ba, Sr, Pb) yavapaiite phases, abbreviated as [ASbCr], have been successfully synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction in air atmosphere. Their crystal structures have been investigated by Rietveld analysis from the X-ray powder diffraction method. Results show that Ba(Sb<sub>0.5</sub>Cr<sub>0.5</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> crystallizes in monoclinic <em>C</em>2<em>/m</em> space group (Z = 2) with cell parameters a = 8.140(1) Å; b = 5.175(1) Å; c = 7.802(1) Å and β = 94.387(1)°. Structures of A<sup>II</sup>(Sb<sub>0.5</sub>Cr<sub>0.5</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (A<sup>II </sup>= Sr, Pb) compounds are comparable, and both crystallize in a distorted yavapaiite structure with <em>C</em>2<em>/c</em> space group (Z = 4). Obtained monoclinic cell parameters are: a = 16.5038(2) Å; b = 5.1632(1) Å; c = 8.0410(1) Å; β = 115.85(1) for [SrSbCr] and a = 16.684(2) Å; b = 5.156(1) Å c = 8.115(1) Å; β = 115.35(1)° for [PbSbCr]. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic study was undertaken to provide information about vibrations bonds within the studied yavapaiite materials.</p>
Complex modes in an open lossless periodic waveguide
Authors: Abdrabou Amgad , Lu Ya Yan 
Published: August 2020

Guided modes of an open periodic waveguide, with a periodicity in the main propagation direction, are Bloch modes confined around the waveguide core with no radiation loss in the transverse directions. Some guided modes can have a complex propagation constant, i.e., a complex Bloch wavenumber, even when the periodic waveguide is lossless (no absorption loss). These so-called complex modes are physical solutions that can be excited by incident waves whenever the waveguide has discontinuities or defects. We show that the complex modes in an open dielectric periodic waveguide form bands, and the endpoints of the bands can be classified to a small number of cases, including extrema on dispersion curves of the regular guided modes, bound states in the continuum, degenerate complex modes, and special diffraction solutions with blazing properties. Our study provides an improved theoretical understanding of periodic waveguides and a useful guidance to their practical applications.