bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin receptor deficiency: a systematic literature review and prevalence estimation based on population genetics
Authors: Kleinendorst Lotte , Abawi Ozair , van der Kamp Hetty J , Alders Mariëlle , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E J , van Rossum Elisabeth F C , van den Akker Erica L T , van Haelst Mieke M 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Leptin receptor (LepR) deficiency is an autosomal-recessive endocrine disorder causing early-onset severe obesity, hyperphagia and pituitary hormone deficiencies. As effective pharmacological treatment has recently been developed, diagnosing LepR deficiency is urgent. However, recognition is challenging and prevalence is unknown. We aim to elucidate the clinical spectrum and to estimate the prevalence of LepR deficiency in Europe.

Design
Comprehensive epidemiologic analysis and systematic literature review.

Methods
We curated a list of LEPR variants described in patients and elaborately evaluated their phenotypes. Subsequently, we extracted allele frequencies from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), consisting of sequencing data of 77 165 European individuals. We then calculated the number of individuals with biallelic disease-causing LEPR variants.

Results
Worldwide, 86 patients with LepR deficiency are published. We add two new patients, bringing the total of published patients to 88, of which 21 are European. All patients had early-onset obesity; 96% had hyperphagia; 34% had one or more pituitary hormone deficiencies. Our calculation results in 998 predicted patients in Europe, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.34 per 1 million people (95% CI: 0.95–1.72).

Conclusions
This study shows that LepR deficiency is more prevalent in Europe (n = 998 predicted patients) than currently known (n = 21 patients), suggesting that LepR deficiency is underdiagnosed. An important cause for this could be lack of access to genetic testing. Another possible explanation is insufficient recognition, as only one-third of patients has pituitary hormone deficiencies. With novel highly effective treatment emerging, diagnosing LepR deficiency is more important than ever.
Flavored E-cigarette Use and Progression of Vaping in Adolescents
Authors: Leventhal Adam M. , Goldenson Nicholas I. , Cho Junhan , Kirkpatrick Matthew G. , McConnell Rob S. , Stone Matthew D. , Pang Raina D. , Audrain-McGovern Janet , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are available in nontraditional flavors (eg, fruit and candy) that are banned in combustible cigarettes in the United States. Whether adolescent use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors prospectively predicts continuation of vaping and progression to more frequent vaping is unknown.METHODS:High school students in Los Angeles, California, completed 5 semiannual surveys (2014–2017 [10th grade to 12th grade]). Among past-6-month e-cigarette users at survey waves 1 to 4 (N = 478), e-cigarette flavor (or flavors) used was coded into 2 mutually exclusive categories at each wave (use of ≥1 nontraditional flavors [fruit, candy, sweet or dessert, buttery, blends or combinations, and other] versus exclusive use of tobacco, menthol or mint, or flavorless). Flavor used during waves 1 to 4 was modeled as a time-varying, time-lagged regressor of vaping status and frequency outcomes 6 months later at waves 2 to 5.RESULTS:Across waves 1 to 4, there were 739 (93.8%) observations of nontraditional-flavor use and 49 (6.2%) observations of exclusive use of tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless e-cigarettes. Use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors (versus only tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless) was positively associated with vaping continuation (64.3% vs 42.9%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.76 [95% confidence interval 1.20 to 10.31]) and past-30-day number of puffs per nicotine vaping episode (mean: 3.1 [SD 5.5] vs 1.5 [SD 3.8]; adjusted rate ratio = 2.41 [95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.92]) 6 months later. Flavor used was not associated with the subsequent number of past-30-day vaping days or episodes per day.CONCLUSIONS:Adolescents who vaped e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors, compared with those who exclusively vaped tobacco-flavored, mint- or menthol-flavored, or flavorless e-cigarettes, were more likely to continue vaping and take more puffs per vaping occasion 6 months later.
A STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE COLORATION OF LYOCELL FABRICS USING EXTRACTS OF TROPICAL ONION SKINS
Authors: Huong Bui Mai , Kim Hue Trinh Thi 
Published: October 2019

Lyocell is considered as a new fiber that represents a milestone in the development of environmentally sustainable textiles. Lyocell is spun from wood pulp cellulose via a green chemical process with NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) solvent. Following the concept of lower the environmental impact of fashion clothing, this study aims to determine the suitable natural dyes recipes with the color extracting from tropical onion skins. Colorants were extracted by dissolving crushed dried onion skins with boiled in water at 100ºC for 20-25 minutes. The ratio of extracting and dyeing are 1:25 and 1:30 respectively. The optimal dyeing condition was found out at 80ºC, 45 minutes with 75% v/v. In addition, a variety of the most commonly used mordants including Potassium aluminum sulfate, Copper (II) sulphate and Iron (II) sulphate were used for mordanting in order to compare the differently mordanted and unmordanted dyed fabrics via color strength (K/S) and CIE L*a*b* color values. It was found that mordant type had an effect on color strength and the color coordinates of fabric dyed with onion skin, which can supply variety of color choices for the same colorants.
Method of applying protective and electrical insulating ceramic coatings by microarc oxidation under overpressure conditions
Authors: Markov M. A. , Farmakovsky B. V. , Krasikov A. V. , Bykova A. D. , Perevislov S. N. , Belyakov A. N. 
Published: October 2019

The results of the development of the technology of electrolytic deposition of protective and electrical insulating ceramic coatings are presented. The developed technology consists in the combination of microarc oxidation with the imposition of overpressure in a closed autoclave with the introduction of nanoparticles into the probe of the formation of coatings.
Daniel Link y la televisión:ensayos entre la clase y la cualificación
Authors: Catalin Mariana 
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo busca analizar el lugar que ocupa la televisión en relación con el arte y la literatura en la producción ensayística de Daniel Link. Para esto, en una primera instancia, se realiza un recorrido desde la postulación, en relación con la televisión, de la necesidad de un “punto de vista móvil” que se realiza en los ensayos de La chancha con cadenas hasta la forma en que el mismo se efectúa en Clases. Este recorrido pone en el centro los modos de relación del ensayista con lo que va definiendo como géneros y clases.
En una segunda parte, se abordan los textos que toman específicamente a la serie televisiva como objeto. Se analizan aquí la necesidad del ensayista de armar escalas de valor, los modos en que las mismas se constituyen y la singularidad que, en este contexto, presenta el tratamiento de la serie Lost.
Роман-пародия „Мой дядя” Н. Г. Кузьмича и пушкинский роман в стихах "Евгений Онегин"
Authors: Warda Anna 
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена «лодзинской» переработке романа в стихах А. С. Пушкина Евгений Онегин. Произведение под названием Мой дядя было создано Н. Г. Кузьмичем (вероятно это был псевдоним) и опубликовано в 1896 году в издаваемой в Лодзи на русском языке газете «Лодзинский листок». Действие романа-пародии разыгрывается в Лодзи, а его героями являются: дядя, Татьяна и Евгений. В произведении находим отражение реалий промышленной Лодзи XIX века, а также намеки на знаменитый роман А. С. Пушкина.
Жанровое своеобразие пьесы Ю. Клавдиева „Победоносец”
Authors: Сафаргалеева Евгения 
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматривается творчество одного из самых ярких и самобытных представителей «Новой Драмы» – драматурга Юрия Клавдиева (р. 1974). На позднем этапе творчества автор проявляет интерес к каноническим жанрам, в частности обращается к средневековому жанру «миракль», художественные принципы и поэтику которого он кладет в основу своей пьесы Победоносец [The Victorious One] (2015). В статье проводится анализ пьесы с учетом особенностей жанра «миракль», рассказывается о его влиянии на структуру и основную идею драматического произведения, а также на его восприятие читателем/зрителем.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR MATA KULIAH PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM IPS TERPADU TERINTEGRASI ISLAM
Authors: Yasri Hayyun Lathifaty , Sari Ulfi Andrian 
Published: October 2019

<p>This study was done to answer a problem about the Islamic Curriculum<strong> </strong>Development leaning book wich still limited. So, this study aims to develop a Curriculum Development learning book with integrating the islamic values in it. This book was developed to be used as a reference book in the Curriculum Development Study in the Social Science Education Major, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This study employed the development method by Dick &amp; Carey that was reduced in 5 steps, there are: 1) need analysis, 2) material analysis, 3) learning book writing process, 4) expert judgment and it trial, and 5) revision. The result of this study is the arrangment of the learning book of Curriculum Development Study that was integrated with islamic values. The book was contents by: 1) preface, 2) table of contents, 3) material descriptions, 4) the summary, 5) learning exercise, and the last 6) bibliography.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: learning book; curriculum development; islamic integration.</em></strong></p><p> </p>
Agenesia de segundos premolares superiores e inferiores en un paciente pediátrico: Informe de caso. / Upper and lower second premolar agenesis in a pediatric patient: Case report.
Authors: Luna León Alfredo , Medina Medina Betsy Valeria , Vázquez de Lara Saavedra Lucero , Peral García Alejandra 
Published: October 2019

Resumen: La agenesia es una alteración común en el desarrollo del hombre con una prevalencia de 3.5 a 8.8 %; excluyendo a los terceros molares, se presenta generalmente en pacientes femeninos y su etiología es multifactorial. Informe de caso: paciente femenino ASA I de 10 años de edad con ausencia de segundos premolares permanentes en ambos maxilares. Se realizó la rehabilitación integral y de acuerdo a la valoración por parte del área de Ortodoncia se efectuará el desgaste selectivo de los segundos molares temporales para conseguir la migración del primer molar permanente y con ello conservar la integridad del arco dental. Conclusión: Un diagnóstico preciso y oportuno puede ser realizado por medio de la radiografía panorámica; las opciones de tratamiento dependerán de la edad y tipo de oclusión con la finalidad de conservar la integridad de los arcos, brindar un desarrollo oclusal óptimo y una mejor calidad de vida.Palabras clave: Agenesia, premolares, diagnóstico, tratamiento.Abstract: Agenesis is a common alteration in the development of men with a prevalence of 3.5 to 8.8%; excluding third molars, usually occurs in female patients and the etiology is multifactorial. Case report: female patient ASA I of 10 years of age with absence of permanent second premolars in both maxillaries. Integral rehabilitation was performed and according to the assessment by the orthodontic area was carried out the selective grinding of the deciduous second molar to achieve the migration of the first permanent molar for preserve the integrity of the dental arch. Conclusion: A reliable and timely diagnosis can be made by means of panoramic radiography; the treatment options will depend on the age and type of occlusion whit the aim of preserve the integrity of the arches, provide an optimal occlusal development and a better quality of life.Key words: Agenesis, premolars, diagnosis, treatment.
A New Model to Improve the Accuracy of Wellbore Pressure Calculation by Considering Gas Entrapment
Authors: Pan Shaowei , Sun Baojiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Fu Weiqi , Zhao Yang , Lou Wenqiang , Wang Junqi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Drilling fluid is a yield stress fluid, which can trap invading gas in the wellbore. The entrapment of gas leads to the decrease of ECD and the inaccuracy of wellbore pressure calculation during gas kick. This study established a mathematic model for predicting the ultimate gas entrapment concentration (UGEC) by coupling the stress field between multiple bubbles. The prediction model for UGEC is related to drilling fluid yield stress, the mean bubble size and the density difference. The UGEC is linearly with the dimensionless drilling fluid yield stress Bi (=τy/(ρm-ρg)gRb) and there is no gas can entrapped in the drilling fluid for Bi less than 0.143. Based on the UGEC model, a new method for calculating the wellbore pressure is established. The results of model simulation show that with the increase of the drilling fluid yield stress, the height of the invaded gas front and the peak value of the wellbore pressure decrease. Thus, we proposed to inject the high yield stress slug in the well bottom to minimize the damage caused by the gas invasion under the shut-in situation.
Length of Hospital Stay Is Associated with a Decline in Activities of Daily Living in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kamitani Tsukasa , Fukuma Shingo , Shimizu Sayaka , Akizawa Tadao , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
The impact of length of hospital stay on activities of daily living (ADLs) has not specifically been investigated among dialysis patients. Therefore, we attempt to verify the association between the length of hospital stay and the decline in ADLs among hemodialysis patients.
Methods
This prospective cohort study used data from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS). We included 2,442 hemodialysis patients aged ³ 40 years from the J-DOPPS phase V (2012–2015) and subsequently excluded those who had already lost basic activities of daily living (BADLs) as demonstrated by dependency in at least three of the five BADLs at baseline and for whom changes in ADLs had been evaluated for less than 90 days. The main exposure was the cumulative length of hospital stay during the follow-up period. The primary outcomes were a decline in at least one of the five BADLs and eight instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). We compared risk ratios (RRs) for 30-day increments for hospital stays with 10-year increments for age and having diabetes.
Results
A total of 849 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The cumulative length of hospital stay was significantly associated with a risk of decline in ADLs (adjusted RRs [95% confidence intervals] per 30-day increments: 1.42 [1.15 to 1.75] for BADLs, 1.38 [1.13 to 1.68] for IADLs). The adjusted RRs [95% CI] for 10-year increments in age were 1.20 [0.96 to 1.50] and 1.21 [1.00 to 1.47]. The adjusted RRs [95% CI] for having diabetes were 1.36 [0.97 to 1.91] for BADLs and 1.38 [1.04 to 1.84] for IADLs.
Conclusion
The impact of a 30-day increment in the cumulative length of hospital stay on the decline in ADLs was comparable to that of a 10-year increase in age and having diabetes.
Do virtual renal clinics improve access to kidney care? an impact evaluation of a virtual clinic in east London
Authors: Hull Sally Ann , Rajabzadeh Vian , Thomas Nicola , Hoong Sec , Dreyer Gavin , Rainey Helen , Ashman Neil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from the UK national chronic kidney disease (CKD) audit, identifies deficits in the identification and management of CKD within primary care. Aligning the requirement of GPs for a responsive nephrology service, with the capacity of renal services and the need to prioritise patients with progressive disease requires a re-think of traditional models of care. Utilising the health data in the primary care electronic health record (EHR) to bridge the primary secondary divide is one way forward. METHODS We describe a novel community kidney service based in the renal department at Barts Health NHS Trust and four clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in east London. An impact evaluation of the changes in service delivery used quantitative data from the virtual CKD clinic and from the primary care electronic health records (EHR) of 166 participating practices. Survey and interview data from health professionals were used to explore changes to working practices. RESULTS Analysis of the virtual clinic data shows a rapid rise in referrals. The majority (>80%) do not require a traditional face to face appointment but can be managed with advice to the referring clinician. The wait for a nephrology opinion fell from 64 to 5 days. The age adjusted referral rate was 2.5 per 1000 registered patients. Primary care clinicians expressed positive views including the rapid response to clinical queries, increased confidence in CKD management, improved access for patients unable to travel to clinic, and reported patient satisfaction. Nephrologists valued seeing the entire clinical record which improved clinical advice, but had concerns about the volume of referrals and changes to working practices. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to develop ‘virtual’ specialist services using shared access to the primary care EHR. Such services expand capacity to deliver timely advice based on a review of the entire EHR. To use both specialist and generalist expertise efficiently such services are best supported by community interventions which engage primary care clinicians in a data driven programme of service improvement.
The prognostic value of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huan , Dong Jun , Guo Liyi , Wang Xicheng , Wang Kailin , Cai Xiuyu , Yang Shu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : B7-h6, a member of the B7 family molecules, participates in the clearance of tumor cells by binding to NKp30 on NK cells. The expression of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the clinical significance is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of B7-H6 in ESCC and further explore its clinical significance.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 145 patients diagnosed with ESCC between January 2007 and December 2008. These patients had all previously undergone surgical treatment for esophageal cancer, were clearly diagnosed, and had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, pathological tissue samples from the 145 patients were collected to detect the expression of B7-H6 by immunohistochemistry. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to analyse the relationships between B7-H6 and clinicopathological characteristics. The prognosis of the patients was analysed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results: 133/145 (91.72%) of the ESCC tissue samples exhibited B7-H6 expression. The expression level of B7-H6 was correlated with T stage (P=0.036) and lymphatic metastasis status ( P =0.044). According to the results of the ROC curve analysis, H-score =90 was selected as the cut-off value. The 145 patients were divided into two groups, the high B7-H6 expression (H-score＞90) group and the low B7-H6 expression (H-score≤90) group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that tumour size ( P =0.021), B7-H6 expression ( P =0.025) and lymphatic metastasis status ( P =0.049) were independent prognostic factors for ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test demonstrated that the patients with high B7-H6 expression ( P = 0.003), lymphatic metastasis ( P <0.001) or a tumour size ≥ 3.0 cm ( P = 0.001) had significantly worse survival than those with low B7-H6 expression, no lymphatic metastasis or a tumour size < 3.0 cm respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that B7-H6 is widely expressed in ESCC samples. And B7-H6 may represent a predictor of poor prognosis for ESCC.
Keywords: B7-H6, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, prognosis.
Inequity in healthcare needs, health service use and financial burden of medical expenditures in China: results from a consecutive household monitoring study in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Xu Xiaolin , Tang Shenglan , Xu Ling , Zhang Yaoguang , Elbers Chris , Cobelens Frank , Yan Lijing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Although public medical insurance covers over 95% of the population in China, disparities in health service use and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure across income groups are still widely observed. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic disparities in perceived healthcare needs, informal care, formal care and payment for healthcare and explore their equity implication.
Methods: We assessed healthcare needs, service use and payment in 400 households in rural and urban areas in Jiangsu, China, and included only the adult sample (N=925). One baseline survey and 10 follow-up surveys were conducted during the 7-month monitoring period, and the Affordability Ladder Program (ALP) framework was adopted for data analysis. Negative binomial/zero-inflated negative binomial and logit regression models were used to explore factors associated with perceived needs of care and with the use of self-treatment, outpatient and inpatient care respectively. Two-part model and logit regression modeling were conducted to explore factors associated with OOP health expenditure and with the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).
Results : After adjusting for covariates, rural residence was significantly associated with more perceived healthcare needs, more self-treatment, higher probability of using outpatient and inpatient service, more OOP health expenditure and higher likelihood of incurring catastrophic expenditure ( P <0.05). Compared to the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), enrollment in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) or in the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) was correlated with lower probability of ever using outpatient services, but with more outpatient visits when people were at risk of using outpatient service ( P <0.05). NRCMS/URBMI enrollment was also associated with higher likelihood of incurring CHE compared to UEBMI enrollment (OR=2.02, P <0.05); in stratified analysis of the rural and urban sample this effect was only significant for the rural population.
Conclusions: The rural population in Jiangsu perceived more healthcare needs, had a higher probability of using both informal and formal healthcare services, and had more OOP health expenditure and a higher likelihood of incurring CHE. The inequity mainly exists in health care financing, and may be partially addressed through improving the benefit packages of NRCMS/URBMI.
Molecular subtyping improves prognostication of Stage 2 colorectal cancer
Authors: Purcell Rachel Violet , Schmeier Sebastian , Lau Yee Chen , Pearson John F , Frizelle Francis A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Post-surgical staging is the mainstay of prognostic stratification for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we compare TNM staging to consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) and assess the value of subtyping in addition to stratification by TNM.
Methods: Three hundred and eight treatment-naïve colorectal tumours were accessed from our institutional tissue bank. CMS typing was carried out using tumour gene-expression data. Post-surgical TNM-staging and CMS were analysed with respect to clinicopathologic variables and patient outcome.
Results : CMS alone was not associated with survival, while TNM stage significantly explained mortality. Addition of CMS to TNM-stratified tumours showed a prognostic effect in stage 2 tumours; CMS3 tumours had a significantly lower overall survival (P = 0.006). Stage 2 patients with a good prognosis showed immune activation and up-regulation of tumour suppressor genes.
Conclusions : Although stratification using CMS does not outperform TNM staging as a prognostic indicator, gene-expression based subtyping shows promise for improved prognostication in stage 2 CRC.