bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of various machine learning architectures for crash prediction, considering different depths and processing layers
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver a million people die every year as a result of road crashes. A significant proportion of all road fatalities are related to vulnerable road users, including motorcyclist and pedestrian. Artificial intelligent can proactively act to identify those drivers as higher risk of crashes. However, an accurate predictive model is essential for the safety of the road users. High accuracy could be achieved by implementing a reliable method with an optimal architecture and structure being able to identify and flag the risky drivers before a crash occurs. Over the last decade, extensive research has been conducted to achieve a higher accuracy by adjusting the depth of various machine learning algorithms or staking different processing layers. The literature highlights that having a higher algorithm complexity or blindly stacking up layers would not necessarily enhance the model accuracy. Despite the extensive efforts being made about the impacts of depth and various processing layers in the literture, not much research has been conducted on transportation problems to investigate the importance of those factors on the accuracy of crash prediction. In this context, this study aims to implement and compare various deep learning architectures in predicting motorists' crash severity. Various processing layers and depths are considered and compared. Long short‐term memory (LSTM) models have extensively been used in the literature for different types of sequential datasets. However, a comprehensive application of this method for non‐sequential data is still missing. Different processing layers of LSTM and deep neural network (DNN)‐based models with various depths and combinations are here considered and compared. The results indicate that a simple LSTM outperforms an LSTM model with higher depths, and a model with DNN stacked on top of the LSTM model. This study discusses in detail the methodological approach to stacking various layers and hyperparameters tuning.
Carbon cloth‐MnO2 nanotube composite for flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Soni Sumit , Pareek Kapil , Jangid Dinesh Kumar , Rohan Rupesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional MnO2 nanorods were synthesized on a carbon cloth (CC) via hydrothermal method to fabricate binder‐free electrode for flexible supercapacitor application. The fabricated MnO2/CC electrode exhibits specific capacitance of 487 F g−1 at current density of 2 A g−1 in conventional three electrode system using 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, a flexible symmetric supercapacitor is assembled using 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte which shows maximum specific capacitance of 232 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1. The supercapacitor exhibits specific energy up to 5.18 Wh kg−1 and specific power of 242 W kg−1 at 0.5 and 1.0 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the supercapacitor exhibits specific capacitance retention of 91.7% over 1000 charging discharging cycles. The attractive performance suggests that MnO2/CC supercapacitor has potential application for energy storage.
The enhanced enzymatic performance of carbonic anhydrase on the reaction rate between CO2 and aqueous solutions of sterically hindered amines
Authors: Cihan Neslisah , Orhan Ozge Yuksel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of carbon dioxide (CO2) with aqueous solutions of two different sterically hindered amines (SHAs), 2‐amino‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (AEPD) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (AMPD), in the presence and absence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) was investigated experimentally using stopped‐flow conductimetry. The amine concentration, CA concentration, and temperature were varied within the ranges of 0.1–0.5 kmol·m–3, 0–125 g·m–3, and 298–353 K, respectively. Based on pseudo first‐order reaction conditions, the intrinsic reaction rate (ko) was obtained according to a modified termolecular reaction mechanism. The obtained results showed that the reaction rate between the SHA solutions (either aqueous AEPD or aqueous AMPD) and CO2 was enhanced significantly upon adding small amounts of CA as a promoter. Such a result supports the use of the aforementioned solvent system as a candidate for CO2 capture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced survival after autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma and lymphoma patients with low vitamin D serum levels
Authors: Eicher Florian , Mansouri Taleghani Behrouz , Schild Christof , Bacher Ulrike , Pabst Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is applied for consolidation in myeloma and relapsing lymphoma patients. Vitamin D (VitD) exerts effects during hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, differentiation and interactions with the immune system. VitD deficiency is frequent in patients with hematological malignancies, but its prognostic relevance after ASCT remains unclear. We investigated the effect of VitD serum levels in patients with lymphomas and myeloma at ASCT on progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The cohort (n = 183) was divided into two groups: 81 (44%) had VitD levels >52 nmol/L and 102 (56%) ≤52 nmol/L at ASCT. VitD levels >52 nmol/L were associated with better PFS (P = 0.0194) and OS (P = 0.011). Similarly, when evaluating myeloma patients alone, patients with lower VitD levels (≤52 nmol/L) had inferior PFS (P = 0.0412) and OS (P = 0.049). Finally, the multivariate analysis was consistent that varying VitD levels were significantly associated with OS (P = 0.0167), also when stratifying patients in groups with VitD levels > versus ≤52 nmol/L (P = 0.0421). Our data suggest that reduced serum VitD levels in myeloma and lymphoma patients undergoing HDCT/ASCT are associated with inferior outcome. Optimizing VitD levels before ASCT may be warranted.
Reducing car idling at primary schools: An intervention study of parent behaviour change in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Rumchev Krassi , Lee Andy , Maycock Bruce , Jancey Jonine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssued addressedThere is increasing evidence that exposure to traffic‐related air pollution is related to childhood respiratory symptoms. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of an anti‐idling behavioural intervention targeting parents at primary schools.MethodsBased on two focus group discussions with parents, a low‐intensity 4‐week anti‐idling intervention was developed, comprising onsite signage, four newsletters, and two fact sheets. Exposure to selected air pollutants was assessed during pick‐up and drop‐off times pre‐ and postintervention at 12 randomly selected independent schools (10 intervention and 2 control) across the Perth metropolitan area.ResultsThe study results showed that a low‐intensity behavioural intervention can be an effective strategy to affect parents’ attitude towards vehicle idling. This was demonstrated by the reduced number of idling vehicles observed in 8 of the 10 intervention schools and decreased overall particulate matter concentration after the anti‐idling intervention.ConclusionAnti‐idling education can be effective in promoting clean travel behaviours and has potential health benefits for school children.So what?This intervention study provides insights on the significant effect of anti‐idling education on parents' behaviour towards air quality and children's health. These promising findings warrant further rigorous actions on anti‐idling education and enforcement.
Comparison of three equations for estimating low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in the rural northeastern region of Thailand
Authors: Sonsok Sirawich , Sarakarn Pongdech , Sanchaisuriya Pattara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, and the detection of LDL‐C contributes to reducing risks. However, the LDL‐C is rarely evaluated according to the gold standard method because it is costly and time‐consuming. This study aimed to determine the agreement of LDL‐C among three equations, namely Friedewald's equation, Puavilai's equation, and Dansethakul's equation.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study.ResultsUsing the data of lipid measurement from a specific group of people in the remote rural area, we found that the Thai equations have more superior agreement with direct measurement than the Friedewald equation (ICC = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.857‐0.882) when the agreement of continuous data was used for total analysis. Although the categorical analysis that gave better agreement was from Friedewald equation (K index = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.720‐0.751), the findings from this study confirmed the population‐specific use of Pauvilai's equation and Dansethakul's equation for determining the LDL‐C.ConclusionPauvilai's equation showed better agreement with direct measurement for LDL‐C. Thus, it could be considered as an alternative for the direct method, particularly in laboratories in rural areas in Thailand.
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade
Authors: Hill Lauren M , Maseko Bertha , Chagomerana Maganizo , Hosseinipour Mina C , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Pettifor Audrey , Rosenberg Nora E 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs a user‐controlled HIV prevention method, oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) holds particular promise for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). HIV prevention cascades, critical frameworks for the design and evaluation of PrEP programmes, outline the priorities of identifying individuals at greatest HIV risk and motivating them to initiate PrEP through perceived HIV risk. To inform future iterations of these cascades and PrEP delivery for AGYW, the objective of this study was to understand the level of interest in PrEP among AGYW at highest HIV risk, and the potential role of perceived risk in motivating PrEP interest.MethodsUsing data from a cohort study of HIV‐negative AGYW in Lilongwe, Malawi (February 2016 to August 2017), we assessed the relationship between epidemiologic HIV risk (risk index developed in a previous analysis) and PrEP interest, and the extent to which perceived risk explains the relationship between HIV risk and PrEP interest. We further aimed to operationalize the pre‐initiation steps of the HIV prevention cascade in the study population.ResultsIn total, 825 AGYW were included in analyses, of which 43% met the criterion for high epidemiologic HIV risk. While epidemiologic risk scores were positively associated with PrEP interest, high numbers of AGYW both above and below the high‐risk cutoff were very interested in PrEP (68% vs. 63%). Perceived risk partially explained the relationship between HIV risk and PrEP interest; greater epidemiologic HIV risk was associated with high perceived risk, which was in turn associated with PrEP interest. Many more high‐risk AGYW were interested in PrEP (68%) than expressed a high level of perceived HIV risk (26%).ConclusionsThese results highlight key relationships between epidemiologic HIV risk, risk perception and interest in PrEP. While risk perception did partially explain the relationship between epidemiologic risk and PrEP interest, there may be other important motivational mechanisms that are not captured in many HIV prevention cascades. The high number of participants with risk scores below the high‐risk cutoff who both expressed high perceived risk and interest in PrEP suggests that demand for PrEP among AGYW may not be well aligned with epidemiologic risk.
Obesity aggravates COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Hu Jiahui , Zhu Chunyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity and COVID‐19 are both worldwide epidemics now. There may be some potential relationships between them, but little is known. This study was done to explore this relationship through literature search, systematic review, and meta‐analysis. Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and Sinomed databases were searched to collect literature concerning obesity and COVID‐19. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted after literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction. A total of 180 articles were initially searched after duplicate removal, and 9 were finally included in our analysis. Results show that severe COVID‐19 patients have a higher body mass index than non‐severe ones (WMD = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.52‐3.82); COVID‐19 patients with obesity were more severely affected and have a worse outcome than those without (OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.12). Obesity may aggravate COVID‐19.
Neutron Therapy for High‐Grade Salivary Carcinomas in the Adjuvant and Primary Treatment Setting
Authors: Cash Harrison , Harbison R. Alex , Futran Neal , Parvathaneni Upendra , Laramore George E. , Liao Jay , Cannon Richard , Rodriguez Cristina , Houlton Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisOur primary objective was to compare differences in survival of patients with high‐grade salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) receiving adjuvant neutron versus photon radiotherapy using a hospital‐based national cohort and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis. Our secondary objective was to compare survival of similar patients treated with primary neutron versus photon radiation.Study DesignMulticenter, retrospective population‐based study of patients within the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014.MethodsOne thousand eight hundred forty‐four patients were selected on diagnosis of high‐grade parotid and submandibular malignancies. One thousand seven hundred seventy‐seven patients receiving photon and 67 patients receiving neutron therapy were identified who met inclusion criteria. Patients were then categorized as having primary surgery with adjuvant radiation or primary radiation without prior surgery. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess for differences between groups, and RMST analysis was performed at 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year timepoints with controlling for available covariate data.ResultsThere was no significant difference in RMST for patients receiving neutrons over photons at 1, 2, and 5 years in the adjuvant setting. Among patients undergoing primary radiotherapy, there was a difference in RMST of 2.29 months at 1 year and 5.05 months at 2 years for neutrons over photons, though this benefit was not observed at 5 years post‐therapy.ConclusionsFor patients with high grade SGCs undergoing adjuvant photon versus neutron radiotherapy, there was no difference in RMST. There was observed to be a significant difference in RMST at 1 and 2 years among patients undergoing primary neutron therapy of up to 5 months. Given the benefit observed with primary neutron therapy, it should be considered in both the primary and adjuvant treatment setting.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:541–547, 2021
What significance does Publishing Studies have right now?
Authors: Baverstock Alison 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Publishing Studies are surely the epitome of how an open‐minded discipline can operate collaboratively, blending different methodologies and practices.
Publishing Studies offer what governments say they want from their universities: industry‐relevant research that provides market‐ready, employable students with strong industry links.
Publishing Studies are naturally interdisciplinary, providing a broader approach to education than the traditionally narrow focus of academic studies.
The international outlook of publishing makes it a useful model for how to manage cross‐disciplinary and cross‐faculty collaboration.
Measurement of Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Oxidation Products in Plasma and Urine of Macular Degeneration Using LC‐QTOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Leung Ho Hang , Leung Kin Sum , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean‐Marie , Lee Jetty Chung‐Yung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated to pathogenesis of diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegeneration. The novel products are not only biomarkers but also lipid mediators in gene regulation and signaling pathways. Herein, simultaneous quantitation of 28 products derived from nonenzymatic and enzymatic oxidation of PUFA i.e. 5‐, 15‐F2t‐isoprostanes, 7‐, 17‐F2t‐dihomo‐isoprostanes, 7‐, 17‐F2t‐dihomo‐isofurans, 5‐, 8‐, 18‐F3t‐isoprostanes, 4‐, 10‐, 13‐, 14‐, 20‐F4t‐neuroprostanes, 5‐, 8‐, 9‐, 11‐,12‐, 15‐, 20‐HETE, 4‐, 7‐, 11‐, 14‐, 17‐HDHA, RvE1, and NPD1 using LC‐(ESI)‐QTOF‐MS/MS was developed. These products were measurable in a single sample and the analytical time was relative short (~15 min). Furthermore, we showed that the use of internal standards is a requisite to normalize matrix effects and preparation loss for the quantitation. Validation assays indicated the method to be robust for plasma and mid‐stream urine sample analysis in particular from those of age‐related macular degeneration subjects, where the accuracy of quantitation displayed good repeatability.
Impact of Preexisting Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Outcome of Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Irlès‐Depé Marie , Roullet Stéphanie , Neau‐Cransac Martine , Dumortier Jérôme , Dharancy Sébastien , Houssel‐Debry Pauline , Boillot Olivier , Chiche Laurence , Laurent Christophe , Laharie David , De Lédinghen Victor 
Published: June 2020

Approximately 80% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) also have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its effect on the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) for PSC is unclear. We retrospectively collected data from adults who underwent LT for PSC from 1989 to January 2018 in 4 French LT centers. We compared the rates of patient and graft survivals and of complications after LT. Among 87 patients, 52 (60%) had preexisting IBD. Excluding those who died within the first 3 months, the 10‐year patient survival and graft survival rates were 92.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.3%‐100%) and 77.1% (53.8%‐85.3%), respectively, in the PSC with IBD (PSC‐IBD) group and 97.1% (91.4%‐100%; P = 0.44) and 83.2% (69.6%‐96.9%; P = 0.43) in the isolated PSC group, respectively. Exposure to azathioprine after LT was significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 15.55; 1.31‐184.0; P = 0.03), whereas exposure to mycophenolate mofetil was associated with improved survival (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.82; P = 0.03), possibly an era effect. The rate of recurrent PSC was 21% in the PSC‐IBD group and 11% in the isolated PSC group (P = 0.24). Severe infections occurred in 125 per 1000 person‐years in both groups. Exposure to mycophenolate mofetil was associated with a lower risk of infection (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08‐0.85; P = 0.03). The presence of IBD was associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.05‐9.98; P = 0.04). IBD prior to LT for PSC may not affect patient or transplant survival but may increase the risk of CMV infection.
An Enzyme‐Responsive Prodrug with Inflammation‐Triggered Therapeutic Drug Release Characteristics
Authors: Ye Jingjing , Zhang Xindan , Xie Wenqi , Gong Min , Liao Meihong , Meng Qinghan , Xue Jiajia , Shi Rui , Zhang Liqun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong‐term use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for relieving inflammatory reactions can lead to severe side effects. It is of great importance to configure new dosing strategies for alleviating the side effects of NSAIDs. In this work, an enzyme‐responsive anti‐inflammatory prodrug capable of generating indomethacin upon the trigger of inflammation is developed. A monomer is first prepared after the esterification of carboxyl groups of indomethacin by hydroxyl groups of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) acrylamide. Then, a polymer prodrug, with indomethacin linked through ester bonds on the side chain, is synthesized by free radical polymerization of the monomer. The therapeutic drug component can be triggered to release from the prodrug under the stimulation of cholesterol esterase, mimicking the inflammation environment. On the contrary, there is only a small amount of drug released in the absence of the enzyme. Therefore, the drug can be triggered to release under the stimulation of an environment mimicking inflammation. Furthermore, the in vitro studies at the cellular level indicate that the enzyme‐responsive prodrug can efficiently relieve inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells while indicating no cytotoxicity.
Shear Thinning: Determination of Zero‐Shear Viscosities from Measurements in the Non‐Newtonian Region
Authors: Wolf Bernhard A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExperimental information on the viscosities, η, of polymer solutions and of polymer melts as a function of shear rate is modeled by means of an approach that describes the diminution of ln η as a function of shear stress, τ, in terms of an exponential decay. The approach uses the following three adjustable parameters: the zero‐shear viscosity of the system, a characteristic shear stress, quantifying its susceptibility toward shear thinning, and a dimensionless parameter stating the magnitude of the effect. This procedure gives access to the Newtonian behavior also in cases where direct measurements are impractical or impossible; it discloses two phenomena not reported so far: a qualitative change in the efficacy of τ at a characteristic concentration and indicates the occurrence of two different disentanglement mechanisms in thermodynamically unfavorable solvents.
Significantly Strengthening Epoxy by Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrid Nanofillers
Authors: Song Bo , Liu Zhide , Wang Li , Dong Binbin , Pan Duo , Huang Yudong , Hu Qian , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel hybrid nanofillers consist of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are prepared for the enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy by improving the dispersion of CNTs. 2D planar structure, large surface area, and plentiful of surface reactive groups of g‐C3N4 efficiently resist the microcrack propagation, impede the thermal transfer, and provide chemical bonding with epoxy chains. The well‐dispersed CNTs by anchoring on g‐C3N4 surface promotes the efficient transfers of stress, and supply the stronger mechanical interlocking for interfacial bonding. The significantly enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy containing hybrid nanofillers are based on the synergistic effects between CNTs and g‐C3N4. Compared with neat epoxy, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and storage modulus of epoxy containing 0.5 wt% hybrid nanofillers (CNTs: g‐C3N4 = 1: 9, w/w) below glass transition temperature (Tg) are increased by 37.65%, 29.36%, and 32.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Tg, onset decomposition temperature and char residue are also obviously raised.