bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between mental disorders and somatic conditions: protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Cortese Samuele , Solmi Marco , Arrondo Gonzalo , Cipriani Andrea , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Larsson Henrik , Correll Christoph 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAlthough several systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) on the association between specific mental disorders and specific somatic conditions are available, an overarching evidence synthesis across mental disorders and somatic conditions is currently lacking. We will conduct an umbrella review of SRs/MAs to test: 1) the strength of the association between individual mental disorders and individual somatic conditions in children/adolescents and adults; 2) to which extent associations are specific to individual mental and somatic conditions .Methods and analysisWe will search a broad set of electronic databases and contact study authors. We will include SRs with MA or SRs reporting the effect size from individual studies on the association between a number of somatic and mental conditions (as per the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision). We will follow an algorithm to select only one SR or MA when more than one are available on the same association. We will rate the quality of included SRs/MAs using the AMSTAR-2 tool. We will assess to which extent mental disorders are selectively associated with specific somatic conditions or if there are transdiagnostic, across-spectra or diagnostic spectrum-specific associations between mental disorders and somatic conditions based on the Transparent, Reporting, Appraising, Numerating, Showing (TRANSD) recommendations.DiscussionThe present umbrella review will shed light on the association between mental health disorders and somatic conditions, providing useful data for the care of patients with mental health disorders, in particular for early detection and intervention. This work might also add insight to the pathophysiology of mental health conditions, and contribute to the current debate on the value of a transdiagnostic approach in psychiatry.
Regulating tobacco retail outlets in Bangladesh: retailers’ views and implications for tobacco control advocacy
Authors: Hossain Sahadat , Anjum Afifa , Uddin Md Elias , Rahman Farzana , Mahmud HM Miraz , Ahmed Md Kapil , Islam M Shamimul 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTobacco products are ubiquitously available in Bangladesh. There are currently no restrictions on who can sell tobacco products and where they are allowed to be sold. The objective of this study was to explore tobacco retailers’ views regarding tobacco retail licensing (TRL) in Bangladesh.MethodsA two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used to collect data from a representative sample of 472 tobacco retailers (97% response rate) in Dhaka city in 2018 through face-to-face interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, X2 tests and logistic regression.ResultsThe majority (79%) of the retailers reported that they would support TRL, and 68% were interested in applying for TRL if adopted. Support for TRL was higher among those with a university degree (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 5.3) and among those with knowledge about existing tobacco control regulations (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). Furthermore, support for TRL was significantly higher among those who believed that it would restrict tobacco retailing locations (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.0) and prevent tobacco sales to minors (AOR 3.5, 95% CI 2.2 to 5.5).ConclusionThis sample of tobacco retailers in Bangladesh supported TRL. TRL advocacy efforts could draw on this support.
A variable-order viscoelastic constitutive model under constant strain rate
Authors: Wang Yao , Sun Dagang , Li Zhanlong , Qin Yuan , Sun Bao 
Published: September 2020

Traditional viscoelastic constitutive models encounter the problems of massive parameters and ambiguous physical meanings. A new concept variable-order viscoelastic constitutive (called VOVC) model is put forward based on the constant fractional-order constitutive model and viscoelastic theory. The determination methods of the two parameters in the VOVC model, including the material coefficient and viscoelastic coefficient, are discussed both in the tensile and resilient processes. Comparisons are made between the VOVC model and traditional constitutive models, i.e., the constant fractional-order Kelvin–Voigt (CFKV) model, the Zhu–Wang–Tang nonlinear thermo-viscoelastic constitutive (ZWT) model, and the Ogden nonlinear hyper-elastic (Ogden) model. The results show that the VOVC model with the constant material coefficient and the variable viscoelastic coefficient predicts the whole evolution of the constitutive behavior of the viscoelastic material under the constant strain rate more precisely. The constant material coefficient in the VOVC model means the stiffness of the viscoelastic material. The variable viscoelastic coefficient in the model means the distribution of the elasticity and viscosity. The proposed VOVC model contains a simpler structure, fewer parameters, clearer physical meanings, and higher precision.
Electroencephalography-Derived Prognosis of Functional Recovery in Acute Stroke Through Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Chiarelli Antonio Maria , Croce Pierpaolo , Assenza Giovanni , Merla Arcangelo , Granata Giuseppe , Giannantoni Nadia Mariagrazia , Pizzella Vittorio , Tecchio Franca , Zappasodi Filippo 
Published: September 2020

Stroke, if not lethal, is a primary cause of disability. Early assessment of markers of recovery can allow personalized interventions; however, it is difficult to deliver indexes in the acute phase able to predict recovery. In this perspective, evaluation of electrical brain activity may provide useful information. A machine learning approach was explored here to predict post-stroke recovery relying on multi-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of few minutes performed at rest. A data-driven model, based on partial least square (PLS) regression, was trained on 19-channel EEG recordings performed within 10 days after mono-hemispheric stroke in 101 patients. The band-wise (delta: 1–4[Formula: see text]Hz, theta: 4–7[Formula: see text]Hz, alpha: 8–14[Formula: see text]Hz and beta: 15–30[Formula: see text]Hz) EEG effective powers were used as features to predict the recovery at 6 months (based on clinical status evaluated through the NIH Stroke Scale, NIHSS) in an optimized and cross-validated framework. In order to exploit the multimodal contribution to prognosis, the EEG-based prediction of recovery was combined with NIHSS scores in the acute phase and both were fed to a nonlinear support vector regressor (SVR). The prediction performance of EEG was at least as good as that of the acute clinical status scores. A posteriori evaluation of the features exploited by the analysis highlighted a lower delta and higher alpha activity in patients showing a positive outcome, independently of the affected hemisphere. The multimodal approach showed better prediction capabilities compared to the acute NIHSS scores alone ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text], AUC = 0.80 versus AUC = 0.70, [Formula: see text]). The multimodal and multivariate model can be used in acute phase to infer recovery relying on standard EEG recordings of few minutes performed at rest together with clinical assessment, to be exploited for early and personalized therapies. The easiness of performing EEG may allow such an approach to become a standard-of-care and, thanks to the increasing number of labeled samples, further improving the model predictive power.
The 7% rule revisited
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: September 2020

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
In this installment, Philip Yaffe debunks the myth of verbal versus non-verbal communication.
A FORMAC program for the solution of linear boundary and initial value problems
Authors: Cuthill E. 
Published: September 2020

A computer program is described which has been developed for obtaining approximate solutions to linear initial and boundaryvalue problems involving differential equations. For each problem, input to the program includes:
1. The equations (in symbolic form) to be satisfied-the differential equations, equations describing auxiliary conditions such as boundary conditions, etc.
2. A numerical description of the regions in which each of the equations are to be satisfied.
3. Sets of functions (in symbolic form) to be used in linear combinations to approximate the solution functions. Given the above input, the program generates an approximation to the solution of the specified problem in terms of the specified functions which is optimum in the least-squares sense. A number of examples illustrating the use of the program are included in the paper.
YAP-Mediated Repression of HRK Regulates Tumor Growth, Therapy Response, and Survival Under Tumor Environmental Stress in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Shim Jenny , Lee Jasmine Y. , Jonus Hunter C. , Arnold Amanda , Schnepp Robert W. , Janssen Kaitlyn M. , Maximov Victor , Goldsmith Kelly C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Following chemotherapy and relapse, high-risk neuroblastoma tumors harbor more genomic alterations than at diagnosis, including increased transcriptional activity of the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key downstream component of the Hippo signaling network. Although YAP has been implicated in many cancer types, its functional role in the aggressive pediatric cancer neuroblastoma is not well-characterized. In this study, we performed genetic manipulation of YAP in human-derived neuroblastoma cell lines to investigate YAP function in key aspects of the malignant phenotype, including mesenchymal properties, tumor growth, chemotherapy response, and MEK inhibitor response. Standard cytotoxic therapy induced YAP expression and transcriptional activity in patient-derived xenografts treated in vivo, which may contribute to neuroblastoma recurrence. Moreover, YAP promoted a mesenchymal phenotype in high-risk neuroblastoma that modulated tumor growth and therapy resistance in vivo. Finally, the BH3-only protein, Harakiri (HRK), was identified as a novel target inhibited by YAP, which, when suppressed, prevented apoptosis in response to nutrient deprivation in vitro and promoted tumor aggression, chemotherapy resistance, and MEK inhibitor resistance in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that YAP inhibition may improve chemotherapy response in patients with neuroblastoma via its regulation of HRK, thus providing a critical strategic complement to MEK inhibitor therapy.

Significance:
This study identifies HRK as a novel tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma and suggests dual MEK and YAP inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in RAS-hyperactivated neuroblastomas.
CSPG4-Specific CAR.CIK Lymphocytes as a Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Multiple Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Histotypes
Authors: Leuci Valeria , Donini Chiara , Grignani Giovanni , Rotolo Ramona , Mesiano Giulia , Fiorino Erika , Gammaitoni Loretta , D'Ambrosio Lorenzo , Merlini Alessandra , Landoni Elisa , Medico Enzo , Capellero Sonia , Giraudo Lidia , Cattaneo Giulia , Iaia Ilenia , Pignochino Ymera , Basiricò Marco , Vigna Elisa , Pisacane Alberto , Fagioli Franca , Ferrone Soldano , Aglietta Massimo , Dotti Gianpietro , Sangiolo Dario 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
No effective therapy is available for unresectable soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). This unmet clinical need prompted us to test whether chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cytokine-induced killer lymphocytes (CAR.CIK) are effective in eliminating tumor cells derived from multiple STS histotypes in vitro and in immunodeficient mice.

Experimental Design:
The experimental platform included patient-derived CAR.CIK and cell lines established from multiple STS histotypes. CAR.CIK were transduced with a retroviral vector encoding second-generation CSPG4-specific CAR (CSPG4-CAR) with 4-1BB costimulation. The functional activity of CSPG4-CAR.CIK was explored in vitro, in two- and three-dimensional STS cultures, and in three in vivo STS xenograft models.

Results:
CSPG4-CAR.CIK were efficiently generated from patients with STS. CSPG4 was highly expressed in multiple STS histotypes by in silico analysis and on all 16 STS cell lines tested by flow cytometry. CSPG4-CAR.CIK displayed superior in vitro cytolytic activity against multiple STS histotypes as compared with paired unmodified control CIK. CSPG4-CAR.CIK also showed strong antitumor activity against STS spheroids; this effect was associated with tumor recruitment, infiltration, and matrix penetration. CSPG4-CAR.CIK significantly delayed or reversed tumor growth in vivo in three STS xenograft models (leiomyosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma). Tumor growth inhibition persisted for up to 2 weeks following the last administration of CSPG4-CAR.CIK.

Conclusions:
This study has shown that CSPG4-CAR.CIK effectively targets multiple STS histotypes in vitro and in immunodeficient mice. These results provide a strong rationale to translate the novel strategy we have developed into a clinical setting.
Psychosocial Risk and Its Association With Outcomes in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Breathett Khadijah , Donald Elena M. , Nakagawa Shunichi , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Truby Lauren K. , Sayer Gabriel , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Uriel Nir , Farr Maryjane A. , Topkara Veli K. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Advanced heart failure therapies such as left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation require intricate follow-up and complex care. We sought to explore the burden of psychosocial risk factors among patients with LVAD and their impact on postimplant outcomes using the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.

Methods:
Adult patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support requiring durable LVAD between 2008 and 2017 were included. Individuals were determined to have psychosocial risk if they had one of the following: (1) limited social support; (2) limited cognition; (3) substance abuse (alcohol and drug); (4) severe psychiatric disease (including major depression and other major psychiatric diagnosis); and (5) repeated noncompliance. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze predictors of survival and complications.

Results:

A total of 15 403 continuous-flow LVAD recipients were included. A total of 3163 (20.5%) had one or more psychosocial risk factors. The most prevalent psychosocial risk factor was substance abuse in 1941 (12.6%) recipients. Patients with psychosocial risk factors were significantly younger at LVAD implant, less likely to be White, and less likely to be female compared with those without psychosocial risk,
P
<0.001 for all. Patients with psychosocial risk were significantly more likely to receive an LVAD as destination therapy,
P
<0.001. In adjusted models, patients with psychosocial risk were at increased hazards for device-related infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pump thrombosis, and readmission and reduced hazards for cardiac transplantation (
P
<0.05 for all). There was no statistically significant difference in survival on pump support or stroke.

Conclusions:
Psychosocial risk is an important component of patient selection for advanced heart failure therapies. Addressing these specific components may help improve access to advanced therapies and post-LVAD outcomes.
Comparison of Ultrathin, Bioresorbable-Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stents and Thin, Durable-Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Calcified or Small Vessel Lesions
Authors: Dan Kazuhiro , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Kolm Paul , Windecker Stephan , Saito Shigeru , Kandzari David E. , Waksman Ron 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The ultrathin-strut bioresorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES) demonstrated comparable performance to durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES) in randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a BP-SES compared with a DP-EES in calcified or small vessel lesions, which represent higher risk of restenosis.

Methods:
From the pooled BIOFLOW (BIOFLOW-II, IV, and V; BIOTRONIK - A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of the Orsiro Sirolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With up to Three De Novo or Restenotic Coronary Artery Lesions ) randomized controlled trials, a total of 1553 BP-SES and 784 DP-EES patients with valid 1-year follow-up data were available. Coronary lesions were assessed for the presence of moderate-to-severe calcification or small vessels (reference vessel diameter, ≤2.75 mm) by core laboratory analysis. One-year clinical outcomes were assessed with or without the lesion subsets between BP-SES and DP-EES.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Among patients with small vessel disease, target lesion failure (8.0% versus 12.4%;
P
<0.01) and target vessel myocardial infarction (4.2% versus 7.6%;
P
<0.01) were significantly lower in BP-SES than in DP-EES. No difference in the outcome between the stents was shown in patients with non-small vessel lesions. In patients with calcified lesions, target lesion failure (12.2% versus 6.9%;
P
=0.056), and cardiac death (1.9% versus 0.3%;
P
=0.081) were numerically higher in DP-EES than in BP-SES. In the noncalcified lesion analysis, target vessel myocardial infarction in DP-EES was significantly higher than in BP-SES. Stent thrombosis was similar between the stents in both lesion groups.

Conclusions:
Among patients with more complex disease representing a higher risk of target lesion failure, the effectiveness of an ultrathin-strut BP-SES compared with a thin-strut DP-EES was maintained through 1 year.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01356888, NCT01939249, NCT02389946.
Premature Parental Cardiovascular Disease and Subclinical Disease Burden in the Offspring
Authors: Lieb Wolfgang , Song Rebecca J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Xanthakis Vanessa 
Published: September 2020

Background
Offspring of parents with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) have an increased risk of developing subclinical and clinical CVD. It is unclear whether this association differs by vascular beds in the offspring or by the age cut points used to define premature parental CVD.

Methods and Results
Using 3 generations of Framingham Heart Study participants, we assessed prevalent coronary artery calcification, the progression of coronary artery calcification over 6.1 years (median), carotid intima media thickness and the ankle‐brachial index in 1046 offspring of parents with premature CVD before age 70 years, in 1618 offspring with both parents free of CVD and in 923 offspring with parents with CVD after age 70 years. We used different age cut points (55, 60, 65, and 70 years) to define premature parental CVD. In multivariable‐adjusted models, offspring of parents with premature CVD (onset before age 65 years) displayed greater odds for prevalent coronary artery calcification (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.35–2.43), higher carotid intima media thickness (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.92–2.44) and lower ankle‐brachial index (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.00–3.58). These associations were generally consistent across different age cut points used to define premature parental CVD. The association with the progression of coronary artery calcification was less consistent.

Conclusions
Parental premature CVD is associated with increased subclinical CVD burden in the offspring, with consistent relations across different vascular beds and for different age cut points used to define premature parental CVD. Future studies should evaluate whether screening for subclinical CVD traits is warranted in offspring with premature parental CVD.
Neural Substrates of Working Memory Updating
Authors: Nir-Cohen Gal , Kessler Yoav , Egner Tobias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Working memory (WM) needs to protect current content from interference and simultaneously be amenable to rapid updating with newly relevant information. An influential model suggests these opposing requirements are met via a BG–thalamus gating mechanism that allows for selective updating of PFC WM representations. A large neuroimaging literature supports the general involvement of PFC, BG, and thalamus, as well as posterior parietal cortex, in WM. However, the specific functional contributions of these regions to key subprocesses of WM updating, namely, gate opening, content substitution, and gate closing, are still unknown, as common WM tasks conflate these processes. We therefore combined fMRI with the reference-back task, specifically designed to tease apart these subprocesses. Participants compared externally presented face stimuli to a reference face held in WM, while alternating between updating and maintaining this reference, resulting in opening versus closing the gate to WM. Gate opening and substitution processes were associated with strong BG, thalamic, and frontoparietal activation, but intriguingly, the same activity profile was observed for sensory cortex supporting task stimulus processing (i.e., the fusiform face area). In contrast, gate closing was not reliably associated with any of these regions. These findings provide new support for the involvement of the BG in gate opening, as suggested by the gating model, but qualify the model's assumptions by demonstrating that gate closing does not seem to depend on the BG and that gate opening also involves task-relevant sensory cortex.
Tensor Veli Palatinopexy as a Novel Treatment for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Eisen Eric A. , Wu Xiaotian , Rees Christiaan A. , Pastel David A. , Paydarfar Joseph A. , Saunders James E. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the feasibility of a novel procedure whereby a suture is placed transorally in the tensor veli palatini muscle to tighten it, thereby dilating the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube (ET).Study DesignThe study design was a prospective cadaveric experiment to examine the feasibility of a novel treatment for ET dysfunction.SettingAcademic medical center in a research‐oriented operating room with intraoperative computed tomography (CT) capabilities.MethodsSeven fresh‐frozen cadaver heads were obtained, each of which was thawed for 36 hours prior to use. The preprocedural volumes of the cartilaginous ET were measured by filling the ET with an iodine‐containing radiocontrast agent via the nasopharynx and then obtaining CT images. Submucosal flaps in the soft palate were raised, and sutures were placed in the tensor veli palatini bilaterally to increase tension. After completion of the procedure, contrast placement and CT imaging were repeated. Three‐dimensional models of the ETs were created, and the volumes were measured and compared.ResultsOf the 14 ETs evaluated, 13 showed an increase in postprocedure volume. On average, postprocedure volumes showed a 57% increase from preprocedure volumes (mean relative change, 57.1%; P =. 013).ConclusionPlacement of a tension‐holding suture in the tensor veli palatini muscle can reliably dilate the cartilaginous portion of the ET. Such a procedure may be useful in the treatment of ET dysfunction.