bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian Modes for Optical-CDMA over Multi-Mode Fiber
Authors: Ghazi Alaan , Aljunid S A , Syed Idrus Syed Zulkarnain , Fareed Alaa , Rashidi C B M , Al-dawoodi Aras 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Optical fiber became essential in telecommunication networks long-distance data transmissions because of its great features such as large bandwidth and long transmission distance. However different profile mode in the optical fiber communication system has different features that provide better results through Multi-mode fiber (MMF). This paper proposes a comparison of different modes for optical code division multiple access (Optical-CDMA) based on one dimension zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code over multi-mode fiber (MMF) transmission system for short haul-local area network. Furthermore Optical-CDMA system transmitted data based on Spatial VCSEL that operate over wavelength 1550 nm. The system is carried out by using three Laguerre-Gaussian modes (LG 01 LG 02 and LG 0 3) and compare with three Hermite–Gaussian modes (HG 01 HG 02 and HG 0 3) based on 1D-ZCC codes. Over different distance comparison of different modes in Optical-CDMA has evaluated the performance based on eye diagrams bit-error rates (BER) and Q-Factor measurement. The findings show that the proposed system demonstrates good performance over more distance MMF based on Laguerre-Gaussian modes.
An IoT platform for seizure alert wearable device
Authors: Emelia Akashah P A , Noor Shita A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research aims to propose the system architecture for a wearable device that is able to detect seizure attacks for children aged 15 years old and below. The objective of this research is to alert parents or relatives of the patients whenever the seizure attack is detected. In many cases, seizure attack happened in absences of the parents or relatives. Therefore, the wearable device proposed in this research should be able to monitor their children heart rate and motion remotely. Notification also will be sent to parents or relatives via mobile apps should there is any trigger of seizure detection. Data were collected via interview. The IoT wearable device architecture was then designed before being implemented.
Assessing the Effect of Different Covariates Distributions on Parameter Estimates for Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR)
Authors: Hamid Hamzah Abdul , Ismail Siti Raudhah , Sulaiman Sahimel Azwal , Mohd Amin Nor Azrita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In fitting a multinomial logistic regression model, one of the most important part is estimating the parameter. In Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method is used to estimate the parameters. MLE is the suitable method to be applied to the problems associated with categorical response variables since it has several benefits such as sufficiency, consistency, efficiency and parameterization invariance. This study investigates the different type of continuous distributions (normal, negatively skewed, positively skewed) on parameter estimation via Monte Carlo simulation. From the simulation result, it shows that as the sample size increases, the effect of covariate distribution reduces. The estimated parameter also less affected for model with normal covariate distribution. At sample size 300 and above, the estimated parameter with normal covariate distribution is considered as close to the true parameter value. Interestingly, for the positively skewed, the estimated parameter also obtained unbiased parameter at sample size 300 and above. However, for negatively skewed, it requires a larger sample size to get closer to the true parameter value. The estimated parameters deviate too far from the true parameter at small sample size. As expected, as sample size increases the parameter estimates for all distributions are getting close to the true parameter value. Lastly, the distribution for MLR with more than one covariate give the same effect as the MLR model with only one covariate on parameter estimations.
Cloud-based Embedded System for Object Detection and Recognition
Authors: Olalekan Z T , Anwar S A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Object detection and recognition techniques require large image datasets, memory, a workstation with specific graphics processing capability to train the algorithm and might have high power consumption. Embedded platforms on the other hand are characterized by portability, low power consumption and space, and energy resources making the deployment of such algorithms on them difficult. In order to overcome these drawbacks, cloud-based processing embedded system for object detection and recognition is proposed in this work. The system consists of an image acquisition device set up using embedded board and camera to capture, process and send images to the remote computer via cloud storage platform. This cloud platform serves as an interface between the embedded board and the remote computer. The detection algorithm of Faster R-CNN is executed on the remote computer and is trained and validated with 3000 images obtained from ImageNet. The training of the algorithm aims to detect five classes of object. The proposed system was validated off-line and have achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.67. The performance of entire system procedure took about 45 seconds and have obtained an average confidence score of 0.86.
A Self-Adapting Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Using Fuzzy Logic (ACOF) for Combinatorial Test Suite Generation
Authors: Zahir Ahmad Mohd Zamri , Othman Rozmie Razif , Rashid Ali Mohd Shaiful Aziz , Ramli Nuraminah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Software testing is one of most crucial phase in software development life cycle (SDLC). The main function of testing is to cater bugs between interactions of the inputs. It is not possible to eliminate all bugs in one system but by using a suitable testing optimization, it can provide a good enough solution for it. Reducing effort on this phase is not only could lead to numerous bugs between the input interactions, but it also leads to a greater loss such as loss of profits, reputations and even loss of life. Generally, there are three categories of combinatorial testing techniques which is computational, metaheuristic, and hyper heuristic. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a heuristic technique where its mimic the nature of ants in finding the best route from the nest to the food node and vice versa. Many optimization problems have been solved by using ACO. This paper is to proposed a self-adapting ant colony optimization algorithm using fuzzy logic (ACOF) for combinatorial test suite generation, where it will dynamically determine number of ants and edge selection (i.e. either to explore or to exploit) based on percentage of remaining tuple list and covered test cases.
Adaptive DCO-FBMC in Visible Light Communication
Authors: Qasim Abdullah Ali , Abdullah M F L , Talib R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Filter Bank multicarrier (FBMC) has been modified for VLC. FBMC is the main filter suitable for high-speed data transfer using multicarrier modulation (MCM). Therefore, the FBMC is an appropriate alternative to the OFDM system which suffers from several weaknesses like limited bandwidth due to the presence of the cyclic prefix (CP). FBMC has been adapted to IM / DD compliant using Hermitian Symmetry to make the real signal, but this method increases system complexity and power consumption. In this paper, FBMC was adapted using a different technique than the above which consisted of generating an original complex FBMC signal. The signal was then dismantled into two real and imaginary parts (juxtaposing the real and imaginary parts of the complex signal in the time domain), thus the imaginary signal turned real. The proposed technique saved 50% in the number of the FFT/IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transformer/Fast Fourier Transformer) operations, which resulted in a great decrease in power consumption and the occupied chip area.
A Modified Artificial Bee Colony Based Test Suite Generation Strategy for Uniform T-Way Testing
Authors: Rashid Ali Mohd Shaiful Aziz , Othman Rozmie Razif , Yahya Zainor Ridzuan , Zahir Mohd Zamri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Today, t-way testing has been widely known with the ability to reduce test suite size compared to exhaustive testing. At the same time, it has been proven by many researchers to provide maximum bug detection capability. Thus, various t-way strategies were developed since the past three decades. The paper proposed a new test generation strategy, named Modified Artificial Bee Colony T-Way Test Suite Generation (MABCTS). It supports uniform strength t-way testing. Experimentation results are compared with present strategies and produced comparable results. Since t-way testing is considered an NP-hard problem, there are no strategies that can be demanded to produce the best results.
Prediction of carbon concentration profile within carburised-carbon steel 1024 using Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method
Authors: Norzilah A H , Rusli N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Pack carburisation is recognised to improve the carbon surface content of carburised-carbon steel 1024 that enhance the surface hardness and further can be used in automobiles, form implements, machines, gears and springs. The transient two-dimensional diffusion equation that represents the carbon concentration profile within the carburised-carbon steel 1024 is discretised using Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) technique. A semi-analytical method is used to verify the ADI method and the numerical algorithm is developed in MATLAB software. To materialise the pack carburisation process, the boundary condition, initial condition and step time are encoded to signify the experiment conditions from the literature. The simulation results successfully predicted the carbon concentration profile within the carburised-carbon steel 1024 with variation of carburisation time (2 hours to 60 hours) and temperature (900°C - 1000°C). The effect of carburisation time and temperature are evaluated and the relation of both effects on the carbon development is explained. Simulation results show that carburisation extended to 60 hours only increases the carbon content at the core to 0.3wt % from 0.24 wt% of its original content. The small increment is satisfactory to maintain its ductility by hardening the surface.
A Review on Methods to Improve and Balance the Assembly Line
Authors: Kharuddin M H , Ramli M F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Assembly line is well known as an important part in manufacturing process. It consists of several workstations that linked together to create a complete product. Each of workstation is doing their own tasks. However, during the process of item moving from workstation to another workstation to become a finished product, the unbalance of workload among workstation will create a bottleneck effect. This problem will cause the performance of assembly line is not optimal. Therefore, to improve the performance of assembly line, many methods are applied and used to solve assembly line balancing problem. In this paper, different methods which can be used to improve and balance the assembly line are discussed.
Investigation on the Effect of Deflected Ground Structure in Multi-Direction Steerable Antenna for WSN
Authors: Zainudin N A F M , Osman M N , Sabapathy T , Jusoh M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a multi-direction steerable radiation pattern antenna is designed and investigated, which operates at 2.45 GHz frequency. The radiation pattern reconfigurable is achieved by locating four parasitic elements surrounding the driving element at the centre. The artificial switches, are currently used to replace the ideal diode for proof of the concept, are inserted at the specific position on the parasitic element. By controlling the state ON/OFF of the switches, the parasitic is grounded via shorting pin, thus realizing the beam steering to be directed into four direction angles; right, left, upwards and downwards. In this research, an investigation on the effect of deflected ground plane on the steering angles has been carried out. With minimum numbers of switches deployed, the proposed antenna is a potential candidate to serve as a transmitting element in WSN applications.
Determination of soft starter firing angle performance to mitigate motor high inrush current using current limitation method
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mohamad Shukor , Azizan Muhammad Mokhzaini , Yusoff Mohd Irwan , Mat Mohd Hafizuddin , Binti Ahmad Nur Irwany , Binti Fadzail Noor Fazliana , Md Esa Suhaireza Binti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inrush current in the simplest form can also be determined as current drawn by an induction motor during startup period. This starting current will shoot up about 5 to 7 times the rated current. However, this high current usually occur in the starting period only. To overcome this, several techniques can be implemented to reduce the high current. The configuration of soft starter just involving some power semiconductor device act as switches that control the current flow from power source to the motor. The switches is in form of thyristor and are connected back-to-back because the system conduct in AC system. The current output can be controlled by varying the firing angle. This changing of firing angle will be managed by a firing angle control circuit. This soft starter was connected between power source and motor. The thyristors that built in soft starter act like a gate to control the voltage applied to the motor. The firing angle for current limitation soft starter was changed to several angle and what can be concluded that the high current succeed to mitigate with increasing the firing angle. The current drawn for this type of starter is steadily constant. The lower current during starting took longer time for motor to reach its rated speed. This type of starter successfully reduces inrush current about 42 percent. Finally what can be concluded is that the soft starter was proven to mitigate inrush current. Type of soft starter that going to implement is depending on the application of motor. When the application need to control the torque is more suitable to use current limitation soft starter because the current is steadily control.
Design and on-body evaluations of a low-cost wearable PIFA for on-body applications
Authors: Ahmadihaji Azadeh , Aliakbarian Hadi , Saaid Nordiana Mohamad , Soh Ping Jack 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A flexible low profile textile antenna based on planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure is presented in this paper. This topology has been chosen due to its design simplicity, relatively large bandwidth and the existence of a full rear ground plane, which shields against the effects of the body. The antenna topology which is designed on a 4 mm-thick felt substrate is presented. Conductive textile (Aaronia-shield) is applied as the antenna’s radiator and ground plane due to its light weight, low surface resistance and good conductivity. The antenna performance in free space and bent conditions in the proximity of human body are studied, followed by a numerical investigation on the influence of relative humidity on the textile antenna performance. The fabricated PIFA is assessed experimentally and is found to be in good agreements with the simulation results. Finally, the antenna is attached to a compact RF module and is evaluated on body in a practical environment. The wireless link quality is also evaluated in an indoor laboratory environment.
An Identification of Software Requirement for Web Based Judging System
Authors: Zahari N.A.A. , Gining R.A.JM. , Fauzi S.S.M. , Razak T.R. , Jamaluddin M.N.F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to identify the requirement for the judging system. The requirement identification of the system involves two phases; requirement gathering and requirement analysis. Several activities are done in each of the phases and the result is discussed. This study translated the requirement gathered from the interview and document analysis into several diagrams; use case diagram, activity diagram and entity relationship diagram.
A New Modulation Technique to Improve Received Power Under Turbulence Effects For Free Space Optical Communication
Authors: Rahman A K , Tom A L , Mohtadzar N.A.A , Buswig YMY , Zamhari Nurdiani , Zaidel D N A , Sahari S K , Julai N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper focus on new modulation technique to improve the performance of the conventional modulation that uses intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) for On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation. This new modulation technique that is Dual Diffuser Modulation (DDM) can create superior modulation with able to reduce scintillation index, enhance power received and threshold signal level. The analysis result shows that the free space optical (FSO) can have good performance of power received under strong turbulence. The DDM are better performance as compare with conventional IM/DD-OOK and IM/DD-OOK with diffuser. This can help FSO system to combat with severe turbulence effect for optimum operation.
Investigation to Reduce Flux Variance Effects Using Partial Coherent Beam in Free Space Optical Communication
Authors: Rahman A K , Tom A L , Mohtadzar N A A , Buswig YMY , Zamhari Nurdiani , Sharip M R M , Sahari S K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper focus on the employment of partial coherent beam (PCB) in free space optical communication to reduce the flux variance effects in the system. The implementation of PCB in the free space optical system is significantly able to reduce the flux variance effect. The reduction of the flux variance effect by using PCB in free space optical communication by using Gamma-Gamma distribution is presented in this paper. The analysis result shows that the FSO system with PCB have an improved in performance compares with FSO system without PCB implemented on it as it capable to decrease the flux variance and scintillation index. This can help FSO system to encounter with severe turbulence effect for optimum operation.
Development and Performance Analysis of the Rogowski coil sensor for Arcing Fault Measurement
Authors: Nanyan A N , Isa M , Rohani M N K H , Hamid H A , Rosmi A S , Othman M. , Abdullah A. Z. , Kasa Z.C.M , Abdullah A. Nazifah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Arcing fault is an overvoltage that usually occurs in the power system network, and it is necessary to monitor this phenomenon in electrical equipment. This paper presents the Rogowski coil (RC) as an arcing fault sensor. Finite element method (FEM) software used for analysing the RC magnetic flux density with two types of RC with the different turns and size demonstrated. The sizing of RC based on the 240 mm2 cross-link polyethene (XLPE) 11 kV underground cable. The prototypes of the RC sensors were designed using Solidworks software and three-dimensional (3D) printer for fabrication purposes. The main objective of the experiment is to investigate the RC effect with high magnetic flux density by implementing in real measurement. An experimental setup for real arcing fault with various voltages (up to 15 kV) was conducted to verify the RC performance, such as sensitivity and bandwidth range. The result has shown that the bandwidth of RC 1 is higher than RC 2 in all measurement by 22.6%.
An Overview of Enhance Bandwidth Management in Cellular Network
Authors: Isam H M , Ong B L , Ahmad R B , Elshaikh M , Al-Mejibli I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
cellular networks have changed our life. However, current cellular network does not have an efficient bandwidth management during congestion. Some of these techniques was used have a few drawbacks such as the performance of the handoff mechanism depends on the channel quality, QoS, bandwidth, delay and speed of the cellular node, the handoff optimizing tend to increase the ping-pong handoff rate, frequency and bandwidth. The paper indicates the promising factors of the handoff mechanisms as decrease delay, enhance speed, saving energy and control bandwidth to achieve better throughput in wireless networks as compared to predecessor networks. How limited bandwidth are segregated among nodes is discussed in details in this paper. We believe that having implemented the proposed enhanced bandwidth management, congestion in current cellular network can perform better.
Explosive Pressing Experiment and Its Challenges to Conduct it on University Level
Authors: Hilmi A.H. , Yusuf M.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Typical press force for hydraulic press machine for most universities are around 10 to 30 ton. For higher load, student uses Ultimate Testing Machine (UTM). Typical press force for UTM for higher learning institution is 300 ton. To obtain more press force, the specimen must be small. This is according to force equation where the smaller the surface area, the higher the force generated on it. However, the problem with small specimen is that it is difficult for researchers to do further investigations for hardness test, tensile test and microstructural analysis. Besides, there is a limit to maximum force a UTM machine can give. This paper presents steps for doing experiments using explosive pressing at university level. The explosive pressing apparatus was an improved designed by the same author. This experiment uses an amount of explosive that is place at top of the apparatus. The experiment is done underground for safety purposes. Explosive handling was done with help from authorized explosive expert. Major benefits of explosive pressing are larger samples can be pressed and the press force is very high. This paper will discuss the steps to do experiment and the challenges while doing explosive pressing using this apparatus. This paper will also show that higher pressing force can lead to finer microstructure of material being pressed.
Modelling the statistical dependence of rainfall variables using copula: A case study of Terengganu state
Authors: Fauzi M F , Rauf U F Abdul , Khan R , Jamaludin N A A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Extreme rainfall can have severe negative impacts possibly resulting in loss of life and property, hence the need for means of predicting the occurrence of extreme rainfall. One method that addresses extreme phenomena is the extreme value theory. In bivariate data, extreme value analysis can be approximated by the distribution of maximum likelihood estimation. This paper discusses the role of the copula in modeling the structure of dependencies between two rainfall variables, namely duration, and severity. Goodness-of-fit approaches are used to resolve whether or not to reject a parametric copula which then determines the best copula to utilise for the data set. In this paper the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is investigated for its ability to choose an appropriate copula model from Archimedean copula models. The analysis shows that the Frank copula is the best model to explain the dependency structure of the two variables discussed.
A review of detecting outlier in a circular regression model
Authors: Ramlee I M , Ibrahim S , Leow W Z , Yusoff M I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Circular data is very relevant and important application technique in many fields such as physical science, medical science and others. During the last few years, writers have shown a deep interest of outlier detection in the circular regression model. In this case, authors have a tendency to study and explore in detail about the outlier detection in circular regression model. This paper aims to review the outlier detection methods in circular regression model. Here, we concentrate the attention on the methods of identifying outlier in this model. These survey of circular regression models in which many interesting properties and is good enough to detect the occurrence of outlier. Through the survey may highlight the significant of methods to detect outliers in circular regressions model and provide guideline for future work to look into the research gap.