bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase SERCA2b is upregulated in activated microglia and its inhibition causes opposite effects on migration and phagocytosis
Authors: Morales‐Ropero Juan M. , Arroyo‐Urea Sandra , Neubrand Veronika E. , Martín‐Oliva David , Marín‐Teva José L. , Cuadros Miguel A. , Vangheluwe Peter , Navascués Julio , Mata Ana M. , Sepúlveda M. Rosario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActivation of microglia is an early immune response to damage in the brain. Although a key role for Ca2+ as trigger of microglial activation has been considered, little is known about the molecular scenario for regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in these cells. Taking into account the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum as a cellular Ca2+ store, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA2b) is an interesting target to modulate intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. We found upregulation of SERCA2b in activated microglia of human brain with Alzheimer's disease and we further studied the participation of SERCA2b in microglial functions by using the BV2 murine microglial cell line and primary microglia isolated from mouse brain. To trigger microglia activation, we used the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is known to induce an increase of cytosolic Ca2+. Our results showed an upregulated expression of SERCA2b in LPS‐induced activated microglia likely associated to an attempt to restore the increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. We analyzed SERCA2b contribution in microglial migration by using the specific SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin in scratch assays. Microglial migration was strongly stimulated with thapsigargin, even more than with LPS‐induction, but delayed in time. However, phagocytic capacity of microglia was blocked in the presence of the SERCA inhibitor, indicating the importance of a tight control of cytosolic Ca2+ in these processes. All together, these results provide for the first time compelling evidence for SERCA2b as a major player regulating microglial functions, affecting migration and phagocytosis in an opposite manner.
A 50‐year record of nitrate concentrations in the Slapton Ley Catchment, Devon, United Kingdom
Authors: Burt Tim P. , Worrall Fred , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Jarvie Helen P. , Pratt Andrew , Hutchinson Tom H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSlapton Ley, a coastal lake, is the largest natural body of fresh water in south‐west England. There was concern in the 1960s that the lake was becoming increasingly eutrophic. To quantify inputs of water, sediment and nutrients into the lake, Slapton Ley Field Centre initiated a programme of weekly water quality sampling in September 1970. Of all the chemical properties which have been measured over the decades, the nitrate record has been the subject of more research than any other. The weekly monitoring has been supplemented by research projects aimed at understanding aspects of processes and patterns of nitrate delivery to the stream network. Three aspects of the nitrate record are reviewed: short‐term process dynamics; the annual cycle of influent streams and the lake itself; and long‐term trends. In the first two decades of monitoring, there was increasing concern about a trend of rising nitrate concentrations, an issue in most lowland rivers in the United Kingdom at the time. In the 1990s, nitrate concentrations levelled off and then have fallen steadily in recent years. In relation to eutrophication, there are clear signs of improvement in the influent streams, but concerns remain about water quality in the lake itself.
Hyporheic exchange mechanism driven by flood wave
Authors: Liu Dongsheng , Jiang Qihao , Shi Wenqing , Chen Qiuwen , Lee Jin‐Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo study the hyporheic exchange driven by a single peak flood‐induced water level fluctuation (i.e., flood wave), a method combining numerical simulation with theoretical derivation was proposed based on the Inbuk Stream, Korea, where flooding occurs frequently. The hyporheic exchanges induced by different flood waves were investigated by varying amplitude (A), duration (T), wave type parameter (r), and rising duration (tp), which were adopted from the real‐time stream stage fluctuations. Additionally, the idea of constant upstream flood volume (CUFV) condition for flood waves was put forward, and the effects of “Botan” (T/A) and peak number (N) on hyporheic exchange were studied. The results showed that the hyporheic exchange flux (q) was controlled by the water level h (sine‐type) and its change rate v (cosine‐type), and was proportional to the polynomial of them q ∝ (ω∙h + v), where ω is the angular frequency of the flood wave. Based on this mechanism, the influence principles on hyporheic exchanges of the typical flood wave parameters (A, T, r and tp) as well as T/A and N under CUFV condition were clarified. The main characteristic variables of hyporheic exchange, which were maximum aquifer storage and residence time, were positively correlated. They also had positive relations to the integral of the flood wave over time, which increased when the wave became higher, wider, rounder and less skewed. However, when CUFV condition was imposed, the residence time was positively correlated with T/A, whereas the maximum aquifer storage was negatively correlated with T/A. With the increase in N, water exchanged more frequently and some water returned to the stream early, leading to the slight decrease in maximum aquifer storage and residence time. These findings enriched the theory of hyporheic exchange driven by surface water fluctuation and be of great significance to enhance pollutant degradation in the hyporheic zone downstream of reservoirs.
Pregnancy outcomes and risk of endometrial cancer: A pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium
Authors: Jordan Susan J. , Na Renhua , Weiderpass Elisabete , Adami Hans‐Olov , Anderson Kristin E. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Brinton Louise A. , Chen Chu , Cook Linda S. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Du Mengmeng , Friedenreich Christine M. , Gierach Gretchen L. , Goodman Marc T. , Krogh Vittorio , Levi Fabio , Lu Lingeng , Miller Anthony B. , McCann Susan E. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Negri Eva , Olson Sara H. , Petruzella Stacey , Palmer Julie R. , Parazzini Fabio , Pike Malcolm C. , Prizment Anna E. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Reynolds Peggy , Ricceri Fulvio , Risch Harvey A. , Rohan Thomas E. , Sacerdote Carlotta , Schouten Leo J. , Serraino Diego , Setiawan Veronica W. , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Sponholtz Todd R. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Stolzenberg‐Solomon Rachael Z. , Trabert Britton , Wentzensen Nicolas , Wilkens Lynne R. , Wise Lauren A. , Yu Herbert , La Vecchia Carlo , De Vivo Immaculata , Xu Wanghong , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA full‐term pregnancy is associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk; however, whether the effect of additional pregnancies is independent of age at last pregnancy is unknown. The associations between other pregnancy‐related factors and endometrial cancer risk are less clear. We pooled individual participant data from 11 cohort and 19 case‐control studies participating in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2) including 16 986 women with endometrial cancer and 39 538 control women. We used one‐ and two‐stage meta‐analytic approaches to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the association between exposures and endometrial cancer risk. Ever having a full‐term pregnancy was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of endometrial cancer compared to never having a full‐term pregnancy (OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56‐0.63). The risk reduction appeared the greatest for the first full‐term pregnancy (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.72‐0.84), with a further ~15% reduction per pregnancy up to eight pregnancies (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14‐0.28) that was independent of age at last full‐term pregnancy. Incomplete pregnancy was also associated with decreased endometrial cancer risk (7%‐9% reduction per pregnancy). Twin births appeared to have the same effect as singleton pregnancies. Our pooled analysis shows that, while the magnitude of the risk reduction is greater for a full‐term pregnancy than an incomplete pregnancy, each additional pregnancy is associated with further reduction in endometrial cancer risk, independent of age at last full‐term pregnancy. These results suggest that the very high progesterone level in the last trimester of pregnancy is not the sole explanation for the protective effect of pregnancy.
Mechanisms for mobile phone use in empowerment: A critical realist study of people with disabilities in Nigeria
Authors: Iliya Abdulrashid A. , Ononiwu Chidi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are gradually becoming important artifacts for people with disabilities (PWDs). This paper investigates the use of mobile phones in the daily activities of PWDs in sub‐Saharan Africa. The study argues that mobile phone use empowers PWDs, but little is known about what contextual factors and under what underlying mechanisms such empowerment occurs. By adopting Thapa and Omland's (2018) critical realism methodology, we aim to understand the underlying mechanisms, structures and conditions that shape empowerment through mobile phone use by PWDs in Nigeria. The Capability Approach (CA) was engaged as the theoretical framework. Semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions with twenty‐four PWDs were used as the primary source of data. Our findings reveal that contextual factors such as personal, social and environmental factors enable/hinder empowerment for PWDs. Similarly, mechanisms such as accessibility and acceptability, technology knowledge, social media and mobile phone features are found to be the main underlying mechanisms triggering the events we observed. However, we argue that these mechanisms are enacted from other enabling structures such as the ubiquity of mobile phones, caregivers and contextual conditions like the personal innovativeness in mobile phone use and the low price of mobile phones. Our findings contribute to the critical realism methodology, policy and theory.
Instant polarized light microscopy for imaging collagen microarchitecture and dynamics
Authors: Yang Bin , Lee Po‐Yi , Hua Yi , Brazile Bryn , Waxman Susannah , Ji Fengting , Zhu Ziyi , Sigal Ian A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCollagen fibers are a primary load‐bearing component of connective tissues and are therefore central to tissue biomechanics and pathophysiology. Understanding collagen architecture and behavior under dynamic loading requires a quantitative imaging technique with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolutions. Suitable techniques are thus rare and often inaccessible. In this study, we present instant polarized light microscopy (IPOL), in which a single snapshot image encodes information on fiber orientation and retardance, thus fulfilling the requirement. We utilized both simulation and experimental data from collagenous tissues of chicken tendon, sheep eye, and porcine heart to evaluate the effectiveness of IPOL as a quantitative imaging technique. We demonstrate that IPOL allows quantitative characterization of micron‐scale collagen fiber architecture at full camera frame rates (156 frames/second herein).
Blended home‐based exercise and dietary protein in community‐dwelling older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: van den Helder Jantine , Mehra Sumit , van Dronkelaar Carliene , ter Riet Gerben , Tieland Michael , Visser Bart , Kröse Ben J.A. , Engelbert Raoul H.H. , Weijs Peter J.M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective and sustainable interventions are needed to counteract the decline in physical function and sarcopenia in the growing aging population. The aim of this study was to determine the 6 and 12 month effectiveness of blended (e‐health + coaching) home‐based exercise and a dietary protein intervention on physical performance in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cluster randomized controlled trial allocated 45 clusters of older adults already engaged in a weekly community‐based exercise programme. The clusters were randomized to three groups with ratio of 16:15:14; (i) no intervention, control (CON); (ii) blended home‐based exercise intervention (HBex); and (iii) HBex with dietary protein counselling (HBex‐Pro). Both interventions used a tablet PC with app and personalized coaching and were targeting on behaviour change. The study comprised coached 6 month interventions with a 6 month follow‐up. The primary outcome physical performance was assessed by modified Physical Performance Test (m‐PPT). Secondary outcomes were gait speed, physical activity level (PAL), handgrip muscle strength, protein intake, skeletal muscle mass, health status, and executive functioning. Linear mixed models of repeated measured were used to assess intervention effects at 6 and 12 months.ResultsThe population included 245 older adults (mean age 72 ± 6.5 (SD) years), 71% female, and 54% co‐morbidities observed. Dropout of the intervention was 18% at 6 months and 26% at 12 months. Participants were well functioning, based on an m‐PPT score of 33.9 (2.8) out of 36. For the primary outcome m‐PPT, no significant intervention effects (HBex, +0.03, P = 0.933; HBex‐Pro, −0.13, P = 0.730) were found. Gait speed (+0.20 m/s, P = 0.001), PAL (+0.06, P = 0.008), muscle strength (+2.32 kg, P = 0.001), protein intake (+0.32 g/kg/day, P < 0.001), and muscle mass (+0.33 kg, P = 0.017) improved significantly in the HBex‐Pro group compared with control group after 6 month intervention. The protein intake, muscle mass, and strength remained significantly improved after 12 months as compared with those of control. Health change and executive functioning improved significantly in both intervention groups after 6 months.ConclusionsThis HBex and dietary protein interventions did not change the physical performance (m‐PPT) in community‐dwelling older adults. Changes were observed in gait speed, PAL, muscle mass, strength, and dietary protein intake, in response to this combined intervention.
SM04755, a small‐molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, as a potential topical treatment for tendinopathy
Authors: Deshmukh Vishal , Seo Tim , O'Green Alyssa L. , Ibanez Maureen , Hofilena Brian , KC Sunil , Stewart Joshua , Dellamary Luis , Chiu Kevin , Ghias Abdullah , Barroga Charlene , Kennedy Sarah , Tambiah Jeyanesh , Hood John , Yazici Yusuf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Wnt pathway is upregulated in tendinopathy, affecting inflammation and tenocyte differentiation. Given its potential role in tendinopathy, this signaling pathway may be a relevant target for treatment. The current study examined the therapeutic potential of SM04755, a topical, small‐molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, for the treatment of tendinopathy using in vitro assays and animal models. In vitro, SM04755 decreased Wnt pathway activity, induced tenocyte differentiation, and inhibited catabolic enzymes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in human mesenchymal stem cells, rat tendon‐derived stem cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Evaluation of the mechanism of action of SM04755 by biochemical profiling and computational modeling identified CDC‐like kinase 2 (CLK2) and dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) as molecular targets. CLK and DYRK1A inhibition by siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition induced tenocyte differentiation and reduced tenocyte catabolism. In vivo, topically applied SM04755 showed therapeutically relevant exposure in tendons with low systemic exposure and no detectable toxicity in rats. Moreover, SM04755 showed reduced tendon inflammation and evidence of tendon regeneration, decreased pain, and improved weight‐bearing function in rat collagenase‐induced tendinopathy models compared with vehicle control. Together, these data demonstrate that CLK2 and DYRK1A inhibition by SM04755 resulted in Wnt pathway inhibition, enhanced tenocyte differentiation and protection, and reduced inflammation. SM04755 has the potential to benefit symptoms and modify disease processes in tendinopathy.
Added Benefit and Risk of an Additional Biopsy or Targeting With Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for Patients With Renal Transplants
Authors: Kriegshauser J. Scott , Dahiya Nirvikar , Smith Maxwell L. , Zhang Nan , Heilman Raymond L. , Stanton Melissa L. , Young Scott W. , Patel Maitray D. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether renal transplant diagnoses substantially change when 2 biopsy sites are chosen and whether contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has value for targeting the second site.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 40 patients undergoing ultrasound‐guided renal transplant biopsy within 2 years of transplant: 20, surveillance; and 20, for cause. A CEUS examination was performed to identify cortical regions with subjectively altered flow. One biopsy was performed at the operator‐preferred (primary) site regardless of CEUS findings. Another biopsy was done at a second location, either targeted to an area in which CEUS perfusion findings differed from the primary site (targeted) or at a random location (secondary) if no other area differed. Specimens were randomly labeled A or B; pathologists were blinded to the CEUS result and biopsy location. Location‐specific CEUS assessments were recorded. Pathologic results were compared, including acute and chronic Banff scores and any new findings from the targeted or secondary biopsy.ResultsForty patients were enrolled between January 2016 and December 2018. No location‐specific pathologic differences correlated with differences in CEUS assessments. The second biopsy provided additional information that changed management in 4 of 40 patients (10.0% [95% confidence interval, 2.8%–23.7%]). Major bleeding complications occurred in 3 of 40 (7.5%) patients.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound targeting was not useful. Major bleeding complications were higher than expected, possibly due to the additional biopsy away from the operator‐preferred location. Obtaining a second renal transplant biopsy from a substantially different area than the initial operator‐preferred location provided additional clinically useful information in 10% of patients.
Influence of cationic surfactants and inorganic salts on the enzyme kinetic activity of Mucor javanicus lipase
Authors: Verma Santosh K. , Ghosh Kallol K. , Verma Rameshwari , Verma Shekhar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, the enzyme kinetic activity of Mucor javanicus lipase (MJL) has investigated via hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) in different pH environment, cationic surfactants, and inorganic salts. The influence of hydrophilicity has been studied in the presence of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (CTPB), and cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (CDMEAB) surfactants. The head group dimensions of surfactants show noteworthy contributions to enhance the catalytic activity of MJL, that is the CDMEAB surfactant, which is more efficient when compared with CTPB and CTAB. The increase in hydrophobicity of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide and alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in series dodecyl (C12) < tetradecyl (C14) < cetyl (C16) leads to a marked decrease in the observed enzymatic superactivity, but an opposite trend appears in case of alkyldimethylammonium bromide. The activity of MJL for the hydrolysis of PNPA was higher in the presence of sodium chloride and potassium chloride anion due to specific interactions between the lipase surface and anions of the Hofmeister effect.
Patient Reported Outcomes and Objective Swallowing Assessments in a Multidisciplinary Dysphagia Clinic
Authors: Dewan Karuna , Clarke John O. , Kamal Afrin N. , Nandwani Monica , Starmer Heather M. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisDysphagia encompasses a complex compilation of symptoms which often differ from findings of objective swallowing evaluations. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the results of subjective dysphagia measures to objective measures of swallowing in patients evaluated in a multidisciplinary dysphagia clinic.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThe study cohort included all patients evaluated in the multidisciplinary dysphagia clinic over 24 months. Participants were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team including a laryngologist, gastroenterologist, and speech‐language pathologist. Evaluation included a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE). Data collected included diet (FOIS), Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) score, Reflux symptom index (RSI) score, and the findings of the VFSS exam.ResultsA total of 75 patients were included in the analysis. The average EAT‐10 score was 16.3 ± 2.1, RSI was 21.4 ± 0.6, and FOIS score was 6.0 ± 1.33. VFSS revealed impairments in the oral phase in 40% of the cohort, pharyngeal in 59%, and esophageal in 49%. Abnormalities were noted in one phase for 32%, in 2 phases in 32%, and three phases in 18%. Patients with abnormal pharyngeal findings on VFSS had significantly higher EAT‐10 scores (P = .04). Patients with abnormal oral findings on VFSS were noted to have significantly lower FOIS scores (P = .03).ConclusionsData presented here demonstrate a relationship between patient reported symptoms and objective VFSS findings in a cohort of patients referred for multidisciplinary swallowing assessment suggesting such surveys are helpful screening tools but inadequate to fully characterize swallowing impairment.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1088–1094, 2021
Temperature acclimation alters phytoplankton growth and production rates
Authors: Strock Jacob P. , Menden‐Deuer Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemperature is a major driver of phytoplankton growth and physiology, but despite decades of study on temperature effects, the influence of temperature fluctuations on the growth acclimation of marine phytoplankton is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we subjected a coastal phytoplankton species, Heterosigma akashiwo, to ecologically relevant temperature shifts of 2–3°C, cumulatively totaling 3–16°C across a range from 6°C to 31°C over a 3‐week period. Using a symmetric design, we show time dependent differences between growth rates and that these changes were related to the magnitude of the temperature shift, but not the direction. Cell size scaled inversely with temperature at a rate of −1.9 to −3.3%°C−1 at all except the highest temperature treatments > 25°C. Intraspecific variability in growth rates increased exponentially with cumulative thermal shifts, suggesting thermal variability may be a driver of intraspecific variation. The observed acclimation effects on phytoplankton growth rates suggest that ignoring acclimation effects could systematically under or overestimate temperature‐dependent primary production. Empirical results, contextualized with in situ coastal ocean temperature record, demonstrated that daily primary production could differ from current model assumptions utilizing acclimated rates by −33% to +36%. If broadly applicable to diverse phytoplankton species, these results have ramifications for predicting the ecology and production of phytoplankton in present day dynamic ecosystems and in future climate scenarios where thermal variability is expected to increase.