bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of The Distribution Characteristics of Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures
Authors: Che Ming-Xue , Liu Ming-Xi , Zhang Shao-Kun , Lv Zhen-Shan , Jin Yuan-Zhe , Zhao Yao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background : Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is the most common osteoporotic fracture which significantly decreases patient’s quality of life and high risk of subsequent osteoporotic fracture. VCFs also result in substantial financial burden on the public health system. Studying the characteristics of VCFs with analyzing the distributional differences by age and sex is meaningful for us to prevent and treat the VCFs.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients with thoracolumbar VCF from December 2012 to June 2018 in our department. A total of 675 cases met the study inclusion criteria for analysis. We divided the patients into four groups by age with every 10 years from 50 to 89 years old. Morbidity in each sex, the occurrence of single- or multisegment fractures and the distribution of fractures from T7 to L5 was calculated for every group. All the data was tested by SPSS.Results: The highest proportion of male patients was in Group 4 (80-89 years old), and the lowest was in Group 2 (60-69 years old). The highest and lowest proportion of female patients was in Group 2 and Group 4, P value < 0.05.The highest proportion of multisegment fractures was in Group 3 (70-79 years old), and the lowest was in Group 1 (50-59 years old). The highest proportion of single-segment fractures was in Group 1, and the lowest was in Group 3, P > 0.05.Compared with the other vertebral fractures, L4 had P <0.05; others were all >0.05.Conclusions: As affected by individualized stress mechanisms of different vertebras and degree of osteoporosis, thoracolumbar VCFs have different characteristics that could assist physicians in carefully selecting treatment regimens to reduce pain and complications and improve the quality of life of patients.
Immune transcriptomes of highly exposed SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic seropositive versus seronegative individuals from the Ischgl community
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Knabl Ludwig , Pipperger Lisa , Volland Andre , Furth Priscilla , Kang Keunsoo , Smith Harold , Knabl Ludwig , Bellmann Romuald , Bernhard Christina , Kaiser Norbert , Gänzer Hannes , Ströhle Mathias , Walser Andreas , Laer Dorothee Von , Hennighausen Lothar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To investigate prevalence of ongoing activation of inflammation following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection we characterized immune cell transcriptomes from 43 asymptomatic seropositive and 52 highly exposed seronegative individuals with few underlying health issues following a community superspreading event. Four mildly symptomatic seropositive individuals examined three weeks after infection as positive controls demonstrated immunological activation. Approximately four to six weeks following the event, the two asymptomatic groups showed no significant differences. Two seropositive patients with underlying genetic disease impacting immunological activation were included (Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Nuclear factor-kappa B Essential Modulator (NEMO) deficiency). CF, but not NEMO, associated with significant immune transcriptome differences including some associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (IL1B, IL17A, respective receptors). All subjects remained in their usual state of health from event through five-month follow-up. Here, asymptomatic infection resolved without evidence of prolonged immunological activation. Inclusion of subjects with underlying genetic disease illustrated the pathophysiological importance of context on impact of immunological response.
Sacrum morphology supports taxonomic heterogeneity of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein Member 4
Authors: Fornai Cinzia , Krenn Viktoria , Mitteröcker Philipp , Webb Nicole , Haeusler Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The presence of multiple Australopithecus species at Sterkfontein Member 4, South Africa (2.07 to 2.61 Ma) is highly contentious. Quantitative assessments of craniodental and postcranial variability remain inconclusive. Using geometric morphometrics, we compared the sacrum of the small-bodied, presumed female subadult Australopithecus africanus skeleton Sts 14 and the large, alleged male adult StW 431 against a geographically diverse sample of modern humans, and two species for each of the genera Gorilla, Pan and Pongo. The probabilities of sampling morphologies as distinct as Sts 14 and StW 431 from a single species ranged from 1.3 to 2.5% for the human sample, and from 0.0 to 4.5% for the ape sample, depending on the analysis performed. Neither differences in developmental or geologic age nor sexual dimorphism could account for the differences between StW 431 and Sts 14 sacra. These findings support earlier claims of taxonomic heterogeneity at Sterkfontein Member 4.
Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Microbial Communities in Urban Water Environments
Authors: Lian Yanqing , Zhen Lisha , Chen Xi , Li Yang , Li Xiaona 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Water samples for the 16S rRNA gene and water quality analyses were collected from around 155 kilometers of river segments surrounding the urban areas in Xi’an of China. Multiple statistical analyses showed the temporal dynamics of microbial communities and heterogeneity in their spatial distributions. The dynamic shifts of microbial communities in the Chan, Ba, and Feng Rivers from the Spring to the Summer seasons were apparent, but little in the Zao River. The heterogeneity of microbial distributions was more due to the influence of hydrologic conditions and various sources of inflows in the rivers. The LEfSe analysis showed the Chan and Zao Rivers, both were more impacted by the sewage effluents, were more differentially abundant with bacteria related to polluted water, but the Ba and Feng Rivers, both on the outer side of the city, were more abundant with microbial communities in soil and freshwater environments in August. Multiple statistical analyses indicated that environmental variables had a significant impact on microbial communities. The GIS-based spatial analysis not only showed heterogeneity of microbial community distributions along the rivers, more importantly, could help identify locations where pathogenic bacteria presented.
Nanoscale Investigation and Control of Photothermal Action of Gold Nanostructure-coated Surfaces
Authors: Jenkins Samir V , Jung Seunghyun , Shah Shruti , Millett Paul C , Dings Ruud P.M. , Borrelli Michael J. , Griffin Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The combination of biological variation and nanomaterial heterogeneity makes elucidating the mechanisms of interactions between cells and nanoparticles extremely complicated. Accurate nanoparticle quantification can be extremely challenging, and cellular response can change based on the location of the nanoparticle and the cell type under investigation. These complications are only augmented by the additional of external stimuli. These limitations have yielded a wide range of studies that show effects, but often provide little mechanistic insight. Results: Gold nanomaterials were stably immobilized onto glass coverslips treated with mercaptosilane to control both the average number of nanoparticles that interact with cells and their spatial orientation relative to the cell membrane. Surfaces were characterized optically and by electron microscopy to confirm their surface density and uniformity. The thermal response of Au nanocage-coated surfaces to near infrared laser irradiation was measured in cell culture medium and modelled computationally. The modelling showed a vastly higher thermal dose than would be predicted by bulk temperature measurements. Adherent or non-adherent cell lines were cultured directly on the nanocage-coated surface or in the medium, respectively, in culture wells and laser irradiation was applied. Survival of cells growing in suspension correlated with the bulk temperature increase in the culture medium, as measured by viability assay. Conversely, adherent cells exhibited a much greater susceptibility than expected from the bulk temperature measurement, which is ostensibly related to the close interaction with the nanoparticles on their growth substrate and induction of substantially greater thermal dose upon laser exposure. Conclusions: This platform is designed to be a new tool to determine how many particles need to be in contact with a cell to induce desired physical or biological effects. Here we demonstrate the delivery of precise thermal doses following laser irradiation. The anticipated biological effects based on bulk measurements vastly underestimated the effects that were observed, which is ascribed to the proximity of the nanoparticle to the cell and the extraordinary high surface temperature of the particle. This platform could be expanded to a variety of nanoparticles, external stimuli, and cell types to enable more deliberate and optimized application of nanomedicine.
Investigating Social Pressure, Altruism, Free-Riding, and Non-Compliance in Mask Wearing by U.S. Residents in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bir Courtney , Widmar Nicole 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human behavior, including making decisions about personal protective behaviors such as wearing a mask in public, impacts the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated reopening/recovery efforts. A nationally representative survey of 1,198 U.S. residents was used to study demographics, perceptions, and stated beliefs of residents who indicated they believes that masks have a role in society in response to COVID-19 and whether they self-reported wearing masks in the seven public locations studied. Of those who believed masks had a role, a lower percentage of respondents voluntarily wore a mask in their workplace (42%) or gym (49%) when compared to other locations studied. A higher percentage of women who believed masks have a role in society voluntarily wore a mask at a big box or specialty grocery store, home improvement store, school, clothing retailer or other retailer when compared to the percentage of men. Individuals who believed that wearing masks protected others were more likely to report voluntarily wearing them, showing evidence of altruism. Social pressure was found to negatively impact the probability of voluntary mask wearing amongst those who believed masks have a role. This suggests that social shaming won’t increase compliance among these individuals and that bandwagoning was not evident in encouraging mask wearing behavior, for at least some segments of the population. Free-riding is one possible explanation for why an individual respondent may self-report belief that mask wearing has a role in society and simultaneously self-report not voluntarily wearing a mask in public locations, although it is admittedly not the only plausible explanation. Promotion of altruism, rather than social shaming, is likely to increase mask wearing based on the data collected in June of 2020. Tactics to improve public health initiative compliance and participation may change as the duration of the pandemic’s impacts increase and/or may differ in segments of the population prone to greater levels of individualism or with varying levels of knowledge about viral disease spread.
Significance of Immune-related Genes in the Diagnosis and Subtype Classification of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Dai Bing , Sun Feifei , Cai Xuxu , Li Chunlu , Liu Henan , Shang Yunxiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Childhood asthma is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in children, causing huge economic losses worldwide. The immune system was closely linked to the occurrence and development of childhood asthma. The main purpose of this research is to explore the role of immune-related genes in the occurrence and treatment of childhood asthma.Methods GSE40732 dataset and GSE40888 dataset were respectively regarded as training dataset and texting dataset in this article. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to select immune-related genes associated with the occurrence of childhood asthma based on the training dataset. Random forest (RF) model was established to screen the optimal variables to predict the occurrence of childhood asthma among these significant immune-related genes. Childhood asthma patients were grouped by the consensus clustering method based on the optimal variables. The grouping results were validated in the texting dataset. Results 69 significant immune-related genes associated with the occurrence of childhood asthma were screened through WGCNA. RF model indicated that 10 optimal variables among these significant immune-related genes can reasonably distinguish normal children and childhood asthma. Childhood asthma patients were classified into two molecular subtypes (Sub1 and Sub2) based on the 10 optimal variables using consensus clustering analysis. More interestingly, childhood asthma patients in Sub1 have higher inflammatory response than Sub2.Conclusions Our research selected 10 significant immune-related genes related to the occurrence of childhood asthma. We classified childhood asthma patients into two molecular subtypes with different immune cell infiltration based on the 10 significant immune-related genes, which may provide the basis for individualized treatment.
Mutation Of p53 And Its Clinical Significance In Muscle-Invasive Bladder Tumor
Authors: Lin Panpan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that p53 gene is expressed in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) , but the relationship between p53 gene and prognosis of muscle invasive bladder tumor is controversial. Methods: Download p53 gene expression profiles and clinical data of 412 cases bladder cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database on c-BioPortal website, and analyze their relationship. Carrying on mutation and survival analysis with c-BioPortal tools. Results: ① Among 412 cases, 207 cases had mutations, including 161 cases missense mutations and 68 cases truncation mutations. Among them, 22 cases had both missense and truncation mutations, and 1 case had frameshift mutation, with high incidence of mutations.② Expression of p53 was negatively correlated with TNM stage, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage for studying objects (P<0.05) , and positively correlated with lymphatic infiltration and pathological stage (P<0.05) .There was no correlation between p53 expression and mutation (P>0.05) . ③ There was no significant difference between expression and mutation of p53 and total survival and disease-free survival of bladder cancer patients (P>0.05) . ④ Cox multivariate analysis of p53 expression and prognosis of bladder cancer indicated, lymph node metastasis and infiltration of bladder cancer, distant metastasis of bladder cancer was independent adverse factors of bladder cancer prognosis (P<0.05) , and p53 expression and mutation in bladder cancer was not independent factors affecting prognosis of bladder cancer. Conclusion: Although p53 has a high mutation rate in myometrial invasive bladder cancer, there is no clear difference in survival and disease-free survival period, and it can not be considered that p53 mutation can affect the prognosis of myometrial invasive bladder cancer.
HIF2α Exerts Carcinogenesis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting High Expression of NUDT1 to Inhibit Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shi Jian , Xiong Zhiyong , Wang Keshan , Yuan Changfei , Huang Yu , Xiao Wen , Liang Huageng , Xu Tianbo , Yang Hongmei , Chen Ke , Zhang Xiao-ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence highlights the important roles of HIF2α in the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Recently, oxidative stress has been shown to play a vital role in an increasing number of tumor types. However, the relationship between the two factors in ccRCC is still unclear. The aim of this work is to study the role of oxidative stress in ccRCC and its relationship with HIF2α.Methods: Molecular screening and bioinformatics analysis in ccRCC based on data from the TCGA database. Regulated pathways were investigated by qRT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. A series of functional analyses were conducted in cell lines and xenograft models.Results: By screening three independent oxidative stress-related gene sets and the whole transcriptome sequencing data obtained after HIF2α knockdown, NUDT1 was discovered as a bridge molecule mediating the interrelationship between HIF2α and oxidative stress. Bioinformatics and experimental studies have found that NUDT1 is upregulated in ccRCC and has significant prognostic implications. Mechanistically, HIF2α directly increases NUDT1 expression by binding to HIF2α response elements in the NUDT1 promoter region. Reducing the expression of NUDT1 can significantly increase the level of oxidative stress in ccRCC cells, resulting in the inhibition of the carcinogenic effect of HIF2α.Conclusions: Our research systematically identify the regulatory mechanisms of HIF2α and oxidative stress in ccRCC for the first time. It provides a new understanding of ccRCC and can help us creating new strategies for its treatment.
Construction of a registration and fusion of unreformed thin-sectional high-resolution sectional anatomical image (Chinese Visible Human images) and CT and MRI images based on B-spline and mutual information and its application in segmenting nasopharyngeal structures in Treatment Planning System (TPS)
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Zhang Xiaoqin , Luo Bangyu , Liu Hongjun , Xu Zhou , Wang Hongkai , Hu Xin , Sun Jianguo , Qiao Liang , Zhang Shaoxiang , Wu Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

To help radiotherapy doctors recognize and segment the nasopharyngeal organs in risk of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and make radiotherapy plan.
Materials/Methods:

Based on the continuous thin-layer, high-precision, high-resolution and true-color sectional anatomical data (Chinese Visible Human (CVH) images),we used B-spline and mutual information to transform, register and fuse the CVH images with the patient's personalized CT images, and integrated them into the Treatment Planning System (TPS). Consequently, Three-Dimensional Visualization Treatment Planning System (3DV + TPS) was created. To verify it, 3DV + TPS was deployed to identify and segment the nasopharyngeal organs in risk of NPC, and a questionnaire was filled out by radiotherapy doctors.
Results

Result shows that 3DV + TPS can finish registration and fusion of 4 sets of sectional anatomical images and individual CT images of patients in approximately 3 minutes and 50 seconds.
Conclusion

The registered and fused images can accurately reflect the position, outline and adjacent space of the nasopharyngeal structure which is not clear in the CT images. Thus, it is helpful for recognizing and segmenting neural, muscular and glandular structures. Through automatically registering and fusing of color images and CT gray images, 3DV + TPS improves the accuracy and efficiency of recognizing nasopharyngeal structures in making radiotherapy plan, and it is useful to improve the teaching quality of tumor radiotherapy for medical students and interns as well.
Does measuring the medial gap before bone resection in total knee arthroplasty provide optimum gap adjustment and prevent bone recutting?
Authors: Tiftikçi Uğur , Serbest Sancar , Tosun Hacı Bayram , Keskinkılıç Seyyid İsa , Kılınc Cem Yalın , Fırat Ahmet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to demonstrate that measuring the medial gap before bone resection during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides an optimum gap adjustment in varus knees.MethodsPatients were separated into two groups, Group 1 being those whose medial joint gap was measured prior to bone resection and Group 2 comprising those who underwent conventional measured resection technique without measuring. The medial joint gap was measured with a custom-made gap measuring device up to the point that the knee was corrected and aligned along its mechanical axis. Medial joint gap distances, distal medial femoral bone cut thicknesses, amounts of tibial resection calculated, gap internal distances measured after cutting, and the thicknesses of the trial inserts were recorded. A comparison was made between the groups in terms of the number of patients requiring an additional tibial bone cut and the distribution of insert thicknesses.ResultsExtra tibial bone resections performed in two (5.7%) patients in Group 1 and in 10 (28.6%) patients in Group 2. In Group 1, where the medial joint gap was measured, the need for an additional bone resection was statistically less. (p=0.018). In the comparison of distribution of insert size by group, the number of patients on whom an 8 mm insert had been used was significantly greater in Group 1 (p=0.024). ConclusionMeasuring the medial joint gap prior to bone resection in total knee arthroplasty may prevent repeated bone recutting and additional bone resections. Furthermore, we can use this method to avoid the disadvantages of the measured resection technique.
Cytoplasmic APE1 promotes lung cancer aggressiveness and cisplatin resistance via the COX-2/Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Lian Xiaojuan , Su Xiaona , Liao Maojun , Chen Chuan , Wang Ge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Cisplatin is commonly used in lung cancer therapy, but cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells remains an unsolved problem. Here, we report that cytoplasmic APE1 contributes to cisplatin resistance, cell proliferation and migration in lung cancer cells.
METHODS

Immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, lentivirus transfection and scratch assays, and transwell migration and invasion assays were carried out on the cell lines A549 and Calu-1. A total of 124 samples of lung cancer tissues were evaluated to determine the clinical effects of cytoplasmic APE1 and COX-2.
RESULTS

We found that cytoplasmic APE1 expression was lower in cisplatin sensitive cells than in cisplatin-resistant cells, and the upregulation of cytoplasmic APE1 significantly reduced cisplatin sensitivity in lung cancer cells. Gain-of-function studies demonstrated that cytoplasmic APE1 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, which were inhibited after cisplatin treatment. In patient samples, cytoplasmic APE1 in lung cancer tissues was an independent indicator of overall survive (OS) for lung cancer patients (P < 0.001). Mechanistic studies revealed that cytoplasmic APE1 promotes lung cancer malignancy by activating the COX-2/Akt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, the mutation of the APE1-C65 site caused upregulation of cytoplasmic APE1 and inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells.
CONCLUSION

We suggest that modulating cytoplasmic APE1 in lung cancer is a promising novel strategy for overcoming cisplatin resistance.