bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA GAS5 is upregulated in polycystic ovary syndrome and regulates cell apoptosis and the expression of IL-6
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Yue Shishi , Jiang Yaru , Mao Yanjia , Zhao Zhijing , Liu Xinwei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Pei Dongxu , Li Yongwei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
GAS5 contains a hormone response element that can induce cell apoptosis in breast cancer. It is known that cell apoptosis and hormone response play crucial roles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), indicating the potential involvement of GAS5 in PCOS. This study was performed to investigate the potential involvement of GAS5 and IL-6 (a critical player in PCOS) in PCOS.

Methods
Research subjects of this study included 60 PCOS patients and 60 healthy controls. The expression levels of GAS5 and IL-6 in plasma of both patients and controls were measured by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Cell transfections were performed to analyze the interaction between GAS5 and IL-6. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by cell apoptosis assay.

Results
GAS5 was upregulated in plasma of PCOS patients. The expression levels of GAS5 were positively correlated with the expression levels of IL-6. Altered expression levels of GAS5 and IL-6 distinguished PCOS patients from healthy controls. In cells of a granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), overexpression of GAS5 led to upregulated IL-6, while silencing of GAS5 played an opposite role. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that overexpression of GAS5 significantly decreased apoptosis rate of KGN cells. Silencing of GAS5 increased the rate of KGN cell apoptosis.

Conclusions
GAS5 is upregulated in PCOS and regulates cell apoptosis and the expression of IL-6.
Solid component ratio influences prognosis of GGO-featured IA stage invasive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Fenghao , Huang Yiwei , Yang Xiaodong , Zhan Cheng , Xi Junjie , Lin Zongwu , Shi Yu , Jiang Wei , Wang Qun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The computed tomography (CT) characteristic of ground glass opacity (GGO) were shown to be associated with clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the prognostic value of the solid component ratio of GGO IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the records of GGO IA patients who received surgical resection from April 2012 to December 2015. The solid component ratio was calculated based on thin-slice CT scans. Baseline features were compared stratified by the ratio. Cox proportional hazard models and survival analyses were adopted to explore potential prognostic value regarding overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Four hundred fifteen patients were included. The higher ratio was significantly associated with larger tumor diameter, pathological subtypes and choice of surgical type. There was a significantly worse DFS with a > 50% ratio. The subgroups of 0% and ≤ 50% ratio showed close survival curves of DFS. Similar trends were observed in OS. Multivariate analyses revealed that the ratio was a significant predictor for DFS, but not for OS. No significant prognostic difference was observed between lobectomy and limited resections.

Conclusion
A higher solid component ratio may help to predict a significantly worse prognosis of GGO IA lung adenocarcinoma.
Effectiveness of the bone ring technique and simultaneous implant placement for vertical ridge augmentation: a systematic review
Authors: Sáez-Alcaide Luis Miguel , Brinkmann Jorge Cortés-Bretón , Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Pérez-González Fabián , Molinero-Mourelle Pedro , López-Quiles Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDimensional changes after dental extraction frequently lead to situations in which bone augmentation procedures are required prior to dental implant placement. Bone ring technique (BRT) has been described as a one-stage approach to restore vertical alveolar ridge defects, in which an autogenous or allogeneic cortico-cancellous bone block graft is stabilized with a dental implant inserted simultaneously. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical performance of BRT.Materials and methodsThis review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in four databases: (1) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) via Ovid; (2) Web of Science (WOS); (3) SCOPUS; and (4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed.ResultsSixteen studies with a total of 186 patients treated with 219 bone rings bocks were included in the review. The studies showed a mean bone gain of 4.94 mm, mean bone resorption of 0.83 mm, and mean marginal bone loss of 0.57 mm after a mean follow-up period of 13.35 months. A mean bone ring survival rate of 97.26% and implant survival rate of 94.97% were recorded.ConclusionsBRT would appear to be an adequate alternative technique for restoring single vertical alveolar ridge defects with simultaneous dental implant placement. However, further studies comparing this technique with other vertical ridge augmentation procedures in different clinical scenarios are needed to confirm the present results.
Spillover and quantile linkage between oil price shocks and stock returns: new evidence from G7 countries
Authors: Jiang Yonghong , Tian Gengyu , Mo Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe link between crude oil price and stock returns of the Group of Seven (G7) countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) was analyzed in this study using monthly data from January 1999 to March 2020. We adopt a similar approach to Kilian (Am Econ Rev 99(3):1053–1069, 2009) and construct a structural vector autoregression framework to decompose crude oil price shocks into oil supply shock, oil aggregate demand shock, and oil-specific demand shock. We then explore the distinct effects of different kinds of oil price shocks from various sources. Based on the decomposed oil price shocks, we apply the connectedness approach and QQ regression to find time-varying co-movements and tail dependence between oil price shocks and G7 stock returns. There is no general correlation between the decomposed oil prices and stock returns in these countries. The effects of oil price shocks on stock returns across different stock market conditions appear to be heterogeneous. Oil supply shock appears to be a net transmitter of spillover effects for all G7 countries within the sample period.
PAH-CHD: transition to adulthood
Authors: Constantine Andrew , Tulloh Robert M. R. , Turquet Rebecca , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Moledina Shahin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
A structured transition provides a framework of care that bridges the gap between paediatric and adult medicine. It is essential for achieving continuity of care and providing support and education around the challenging period of adolescence for young people with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD).

Presentation
In this review of transition care in PAH-CHD, we evaluate the evidence supporting a structured programme of transition care and review the current principles and ‘best practice’ standards for transition in the UK. In the second part of the review, we highlight some important areas of education that are relevant to adolescents with PAH-CHD, including health education, exercise and participation in sports, pregnancy and contraception, employment, and driving.

Conclusions
As the number of young people embarking on transition continues to increase, the challenge is set to continue to improve the quality of care for our patients within the framework of available resources.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease after defect repair: the effect of pregnancy
Authors: Brida Margarita , Favoccia Carla , Constantine Andrew , Dimopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of patients with previously repaired congenital heart disease (CHD) present with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This can occur immediately after repair (residual PAH) or years later.

Case presentation
We present the case of a young woman who underwent repair of a ventricular septal defect in later childhood. Three years after repair, she was found to have significant residual PAH. She remained stable on PAH therapies, but a decade later decided to become pregnant against medical advice. She deteriorated during pregnancy and required escalation of PAH therapies and eventual admission to the intensive care unit, with an uneventful delivery at 32 weeks. Despite successful delivery, she remained symptomatic post-partum, with evidence of disease progression at right heart catheterisation.

Conclusions
All patients with repaired CHD should undergo routine screening for PAH. Early diagnosis and expert management, including the use of PAH therapies, is recommended to optimise outcome. Pregnancy is contraindicated in PAH patients, including patients with CHD, and requires an expert multidisciplinary approach to reduce morbidity and mortality when patients opt to proceed.
Advanced therapies in Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Nashat Heba , Constantine Andrew , Dimopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
This is a case report of a patient diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome in adult life.

Case presentation
The patient had a large secundum atrial septal defect diagnosed incidentally in her twenties, with established pulmonary vascular disease and thus the defect was not closed. Over several years the patient showed signs of progressive disease with premature right ventricular dysfunction, preceding any significant symptomatic decline. Her medical therapy was escalated with the addition of intravenous epoprostenol, resulting in both objective and symptomatic improvement.

Conclusions
Early medical intervention and treatment can positively impact on the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.
Advanced therapies in complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Rashid Zoya , Tulloh Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although there are some data on how to manage and treat patients with Eisenmenger syndrome due to simple cardiac defects, little evidence exists to guide best management of pulmonary vascular disease in cases with more complex anatomy such as common arterial supply to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations or univentricular physiology. Beyond the uncertainty on how to best assess and manage such patients, there are added concerns with regards to the potential effects of treatment on the risk of cardiac arrhythmia, valve regurgitation and excessive load to the ventricle with increased pulmonary blood flow.

Case presentation
We present a case of a patient with double inlet left ventricle and evidence of pulmonary hypertension and describe his outcome on the therapies prescribed.

Conclusions
We review the literature and describe our approach to the patient’s management in light of the available evidence and published literature.
Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with breast cancer
Authors: Pavithran Keechilat , Pachat Divya , Vijaykumar Dehannathparambil Kottarathil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MAAD) is a rare metabolic disorder resulting from an abnormality in fatty acid oxidation. There are three types of presentations: neonatal onset with or without congenital anomalies and the late-onset type. There is much clinical heterogeneity in the presentation of late-onset variants; hence, the diagnosis is often delayed or missed.

Case presentation
Here, we report the successful management of a 41-year-old female with late-onset MAAD due to mutation in the ETFDH gene who presented with carcinoma of the breast. Chemotherapy was challenging because there were no previous reports regarding the treatment of such cases.

Conclusion
The diagnosis was made based on metabolic workup and gene mutation analysis. Unplanned surgery and chemotherapy can be fatal in these patients due to metabolic complications. With proper precautions and monitoring, the patient tolerated surgery and chemotherapy without any complications.
Perspective on attractive-repulsive interactions in dynamical networks: Progress and future
Authors: Majhi Soumen , Chowdhury Sayantan Nag , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Emerging collective behavior in complex dynamical networks depends on both coupling function and underlying coupling topology. Through this Perspective, we provide a brief yet profound excerpt of recent research efforts that explore how the synergy of attractive and repulsive interactions influence the destiny of ensembles of interacting dynamical systems. We review the incarnation of collective states ranging from chimera or solitary states to extreme events and oscillation quenching arising as a result of different network arrangements. Though the existing literature demonstrates that many of the crucial developments have been made, nonetheless, we come up with significant routes of further research in this field of study.
Insecticide resistance selection and reversal in two strains of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Thornton Jonathan , Gomes Bruno , Ayres Constância , Reimer Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Background: Laboratory reared mosquito colonies are essential tools to understand insecticide action. However, they differ considerably from wild populations and from each other depending on their origin and rearing conditions, which makes studying the effects of specific resistance mechanisms difficult. This paper describes our methods for establishing multiple resistant strains of Aedes aegypti from two colonies as a new resource for further research on metabolic and target site resistance. Methods: Two resistant colonies of Ae. aegypti, from Cayman and Recife, were selected through 10 generations of exposure to insecticides including permethrin, malathion and temephos, to yield eight strains with different profiles of resistance due to either target site or metabolic resistance. Resistance ratios for each insecticide were calculated for the selected and unselected strains. The frequency of kdr alleles (F1534C and V1016I) in the Cayman strains was determined using TaqMan assays. A comparative gene expression analysis among Recife strains was conducted using qPCR in larvae (CCae3A, CYP6N12, CYP6F3, CYP9M9) and adults (CCae3A, CYP6N12, CYP6BB2, CYP9J28a). Results: In the selected strain of Cayman, mortality against permethrin reduced almost to 0% and kdr became fixated by 5 generations. A similar phenotype was seen in the unselected homozygous resistant colony, whilst mortality in the susceptible homozygous colony rose to 82.9%. The Recife strains showed different responses between exposure to adulticide and larvicide, with detoxification genes in the temephos selected strain staying similar to the baseline, but a reduction in detoxification genes displayed in the other strains. Conclusions: These selected strains, with a range of insecticide resistance phenotypes and genotypes, will support further research on the effects of target-site and/or metabolic resistance mechanisms on various life-history traits, behaviours and vector competence of this important arbovirus vector.
Methodological Support of the Work of Primary Schoolchildren with Information Presented in the Form of Diagrams
Authors: Pichugin S. 
Published: December 2020

The article outlines a range of methodological problems that arise when teaching younger schoolchildren, the ability to use information presented
in the form of diagrams. Modern textbooks of mathematics for elementary school and methodological recommendations to them related to the
topic “Diagrams” of the section “Working with information” are analyzed. Since the development in younger schoolchildren of the skills of
working with visual sign-symbolic means of graphical presentation of information is one of the requirements of the Federal State Educational
Standard of Primary General Education for meta-subject learning outcomes, the author proposes methodological techniques and a system of
assignments that allow to eliminate the current and potential difficulties of primary school students when mastering charts.
On the Approximate Program of Education of the Younger Generation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: December 2020

The article offers readers a brief description of the content of the Model Education Program in Russian educational institutions, developed on
the basis of state documents: “Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025”; “Concept for
the development of additional education for children”; “Concept of state family policy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025”.
The program is designed to provide support in the creation of in-school education programs aimed at the successful socialization of the student, the establishment of harmonious relations with the people around him, self-identification as a citizen of his country. The publication describes the sections of the Program, which include the organization of the educational process at school, the definition of the goals and objectives of education, its types and forms, as well as the direction of the reflexive activity of the entire school teaching staff and each teacher individually for the analysis and assessment of the educational work carried out by him.
Reflection and you
Authors: Stonehouse David 
Published: December 2020

This article explores the important activity of reflection and reflective practice. Support workers and nursing associates, as well as all healthcare professionals, have a responsibility to reflect upon their own practice, identifying not only areas of good practice but also where improvements can be made. The article starts by defining what reflection and reflective practice are. The requirement to reflect is clearly laid down within the recently amended Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code for nursing associates ( NMC, 2018 ) and is implied within the Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ). Relevant sections of these two codes will be highlighted. The article will then move on to highlight two reflective models, the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle, and Driscoll's (2007) Model of Structured Reflection, both of which are commonly used today. Clinical supervision will be discussed and the importance of recording reflections will be emphasised.
Determination of size and complex index of refraction of single particles with elastic light scattering
Authors: Waez Mir Seliman , Eckels Steven J. , Sorensen Christopher M. 
Published: December 2020

We show that for spherical particles greater than ca. 5 µm, the differential scattering cross section is only weakly dependent on the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index (

m

=

n

+

i

κ

) when integrated over angle ranges near

37

±

5

∘

and

115

±

5

∘

, respectively. With this knowledge, we set up an arrangement that collects scattered light in the ranges

37

±

5

∘

,

115

±

5

∘

, and

80

±

5

∘

. The weak functionality on refractive index for the first two angle ranges simplifies the inversion of scattering to the particle properties of diameter and the real and imaginary refractive indices. Our setup also uses a diamond-shaped incident beam profile that allows us to determine when a particle went through the exact center of the beam. Application of our setup to droplets of an absorbing liquid successfully determined the diameter and complex refractive index to accuracies ranging from a few to ten percent. Comparisons to simulated data derived from the Mie equations yielded similar results.
Indium selenide saturable absorber for high-energy nanosecond Q-switched pulse generation
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Yao , Jin Wei , Zhao Qiyi , Su Yulong 
Published: December 2020

As a kind of III/VI group compound 2D layered material, indium selenide (

I
n

2

S
e

3

) has attracted tremendous interest because of its favorable optoelectronic characteristics. Here, magnetron sputtering deposition (MSD) technology was employed to prepare an

I
n

2

S
e

3

-based saturable absorber (SA). The nonlinear optical properties of this SA, whose modulation depth (

Δ

T

) is 6.18%, were studied. With the aid of its saturable absorption, a stable two-wavelength

Q

-switching Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser was established. When pump power was adjusted to 900 mW, the output power was increased to 63.84 mW. The shortest pulse duration and maximum pulse energy were estimated to be 556 ns and 376 nJ, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio of 70 dB proves this fiber laser has high stability. In comparison with previous works, the laser performance in this study is improved significantly. These results indicate that the

I
n

2

S
e

3

holds promise as an outstanding candidate for high-energy pulse generation and will advance the development of

I
n

2

S
e

3

-based nonlinear photonics devices.
Women in academic surgery over the last four decades
Authors: Linscheid Laura J. , Holliday Emma B. , Ahmed Awad , Somerson Jeremy S. , Hanson Summer , Jagsi Reshma , Deville Curtiland 
Published: December 2020

Objective
As the number of female medical students and surgical residents increases, the increasing number of female academic surgeons has been disproportionate. The purpose of this brief report is to evaluate the AAMC data from 1969 to 2018 to compare the level of female academic faculty representation for surgical specialties over the past four decades.

Design
The number of women as a percentage of the total surgeons per year were recorded for each year from 1969–2018, the most recent year available. Descriptive statistics were performed. Poisson regression examined the percentage of women in each field as the outcome of interest with the year and specialty (using general surgery as a reference) as two predictor variables.

Setting
Data from the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Participants
All full-time academic faculty physicians in the specialties of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery as per AAMC records.

Results
The percentage of women in surgery for all specialties evaluated increased from 1969 to 2018 (OR 1.04, p<0.001). Compared with general surgery, the rate of yearly percentage change increased more slowly in neurosurgery (OR 0.84; P = .004), orthopaedic surgery (OR 0.82; P = .002), urology (OR 0.59; P < .001), and cardiothoracic surgery (OR 0.38; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of yearly percentage change for plastic surgery (OR 1.01; P = .840). The rate of yearly percentage change increased more rapidly in OB/GYN (OR 2.86; P < .001), ophthalmology (OR 1.79; P < .001) and ENT (OR 1.70; P < .001).

Conclusions
Representation of women in academic surgery is increasing overall but is increasing more slowly in orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery and urology compared with that in general surgery. These data may be used to inform and further the discussion of how mentorship and sponsorship of female students and trainees interested in surgical careers may improve gender equity in the future.