bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of prothrombin complex concentrate as a warfarin reversal agent in pediatric patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Sisti Daniel J. , Williams Glyn D. , Ding Victoria , Long Jin , Maeda Katsuhide , Chen Sharon , Navaratnam Manchula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients supported with a ventricular assist device are predisposed to severe bleeding at the time of orthotopic heart transplant due to several risk factors including anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists. Kcentra, a four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate, has been approved by the FDA for warfarin reversal in adults prior to urgent surgery. There is a lack of published data on the preoperative use of four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrates in pediatric patients undergoing cardiacsurgery.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with a continuous‐flow ventricular assist device who underwent heart transplant, comparing patients who received Kcentra for anticoagulation reversal with a historical patient cohort who did not. Consecutive patients from January 2013 to December 2017 were analyzed. The primary outcome was volume of blood product transfusion prior to cardiopulmonary bypass initiation. Secondary outcomes include blood product transfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass intraoperatively and up to 24 hours postoperatively, chest tube output within 24 hours of surgery, time to extubation, incidence of thromboembolism, and post‐transplant length ofstay.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2017, 31 patients with continuous‐flow ventricular assist devices underwent heart transplant, with 27 patients included in the analysis. Fifteen patients received Kcentra compared with 12 patients who received fresh‐frozen plasma for anticoagulation reversal. Compared with the control group, patients who received Kcentra had less packed red blood cells, fresh‐frozen plasma, and platelets transfused prior to cardiopulmonary bypass initiation. The Kcentra group also received less packed red blood cells on bypass and less packed red blood cells after cardiopulmonary bypass termination. There were no differences in chest tube output, time to extubation, intensive care unit length of stay, or overall hospital length of stay. Neither group had thromboembolic complications detected during the first seven postoperative days.ConclusionThis small retrospective study indicates that preoperative warfarin reversal with Kcentra reduces blood product exposure in pediatric patients with ventricular assist devices undergoing heart transplant.
Contemporary Presidency: Presidents Meet Reporters: Is Donald Trump an Outlier among Recent Presidents?
Authors: Kumar Martha Joynt 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIs President Donald Trump an outlier among presidents in the ways in which he meets with the press? Using comparative data for Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Trump, this article looks at how similar and different Trump is compared to his recent predecessors. While at one time presidents answered reporters' queries in presidential press conferences, today presidents have more opportunities to meet the press. All six presidents studied used three basic forums: press conferences, informal question‐and‐answer sessions, and interviews. They did so in ways consistent with their presidential goals and in settings in which they felt comfortable. In their first 32 months, all recent presidents employed strategies similar to ones that brought each to the presidency and then most found additional resources for communicating with the public. Except for President Trump, Presidents Reagan through Obama did so with relatively stable White House leadership teams and coordinated communications organizational structures. In this way as well as in significant others, the five previous presidents had more in common with one another than they did with President Trump.
Cortical and affective regulation of autonomic coordination
Authors: Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Benson Lizbeth , Ryan Patrick J. , Ram Nilam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough anatomical research clearly demonstrates the ability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system to independently influence cardiac function, little research has examined whether coordinated activation is typical or whether the extent of autonomic coordination is situationally dependent. This study examines the extent of coordination between sympathetic (cardiac pre‐ejection period: PEP) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia: RSA) influences on the cardiac function to determine whether coordination is a trait‐like between‐person characteristic or a state‐varying within‐person phenomenon, and if so, whether variability in autonomic coordination is modulated by cognitive (P3b amplitude) or affective state. Kindergarten‐aged children (n = 257) completed a go/no‐go task administered in blocks designed to induce affective states through the delivery of reward (Blocks 1 and 3) and frustration (Block 2). Results from multilevel models that allowed for the simultaneous examination of between‐person and within‐person associations in the repeated measures data suggested that (a) children with higher overall RSA also tended to have higher overall PEP; (b) at within‐person level, RSA and PEP tended to be reciprocally coordinated; but that (c) when frustration invokes cognitive disengagement, coordination between parasympathetic and sympathetic systems demonstrate compensatory coordination. These findings highlight the extent to which the coordination of autonomic systems is a dynamic state‐like phenomenon rather than a trait‐like individual differences characteristic.
Domestic regulatory reform and transgovernmental networks: Brazil and China in the global competition regime
Authors: Wang Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping countries increasingly participate in transgovernmental networks of global regulatory governance, but they do so in different ways. This article aims to provide an explanation for this variation for two of the major emerging powers in the world economy, Brazil and China, in their transition toward more active players in the global competition regime. Distinguishing between bilateral and multilateral transgovernmental networks and examining the domestic factors conditioning the transition of their national competition agencies from rule‐takers to rule‐promoters or rule‐makers through these networks, the article makes theoretical contributions to the linkage between transgovernmentalism and the regulatory state. I argue that differing political needs and the incomplete process of regulatory state formation push domestic agencies to join transgovernmental networks, with a need for greater legitimacy steering the Brazilian regulators to multilateral networks and facilitating their transition from rule‐takers to rule‐promoters. The Chinese agencies' primary need for expertise rather than legitimacy, by contrast, led them to pursue technical assistance and cooperation via bilateral relationships. The Chinese approach has slowed its transition from rule‐taker to rule‐promoter where its norms and practices are aligned with the established powers. Such approach will further impede its transition into a global rule‐maker in areas of competition law and policy where China's preferences diverge.
Punitive benefit sanctions, welfare conditionality, and the social abuse of unemployed people in Britain: Transforming claimants into offenders?
Authors: Wright Sharon , Fletcher Del Roy , Stewart Alasdair B. R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA defining feature of U.K. welfare reform since 2010 has been the concerted move towards greater compulsion and sanctioning, which has been interpreted by some social policy scholars as punitive and cruel. In this article, we borrow concepts from criminology and sociology to develop new interpretations of welfare conditionality. Based on data from a major Economic and Social Research Council‐funded qualitative longitudinal study (2014–2019), we document the suffering that unemployed claimants experienced because of harsh conditionality. We find that punitive welfare conditionality often caused symbolic and material suffering and sometimes had life‐threatening effects. We argue that a wide range of suffering induced by welfare conditionality can be understood as ‘social abuse’, including the demoralisation of the futile job‐search treadwheel and the self‐administered surveillance of the Universal Jobmatch panopticon. We identify a range of active claimant responses to state perpetrated harm, including acquiescence, adaptation, resistance, and disengagement. We conclude that punitive post‐2010 unemployment correction can be seen as a reinvention of failed historic forms of punishment for offenders.
Surveillance of common infections in the early period after renal transplantation in a national center: 2014‐2017
Authors: O’ Connell Karina , Kennedy Claire , Skally Mairead , Foley Margaret , Alex Somy , Magee Colm , Davis Niall F. , Humphreys Hilary , Burns Karen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfection prevention and timely and effective treatment are among the major aims of care in kidney transplant recipients. Pre‐transplant vaccination and pre‐transplant viral screening have been extensively studied and are now considered standard practice. Early post‐operative infection surveillance is mandatory in other vulnerable cohorts, but has not been extensively studied in this population. We hypothesized that surveillance of the most common bacterial infection types in the post‐transplant setting would be beneficial and identify key areas for improvement.MethodsAll adult kidney transplant recipients whose surgeries were performed in the Irish national kidney transplant unit over a 1‐year period had prospective early post‐transplant (first 30 days) infection surveillance in 2014 for surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and secondary bloodstream infections (Group T0). Several key changes were implemented following scrutiny of infection patterns and clinical practice. Subsequently, infection surveillance was undertaken for 2016 and 2017 (Group T1) to assess the impact of these changes.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2017, the number of kidney transplants increased by 32%. The following aspects of clinical practice were the focus of change following analysis of Group T0 data: timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) administration, choice of SAP antimicrobial agent, and routine microbiological testing in the peri‐operative period. Following implementation of these changes, the timing of SAP administration was greatly improved (45%‐100% of cases appropriately timed). The infection rate decreased from 8.9% to 7.4% in 2016, with a further decrease to 4% in 2017 (OR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.16‐1.10); P = .08). Compliance with pre‐operative microbiological screening improved in Group T1.ConclusionsSimple clinical practice changes, implemented upon analysis of common bacterial infection surveillance data in the first 30 days after kidney transplantation resulted in more effective SAP administration and improved compliance with routine microbiological testing in the peri‐operative period. These interventions have potentially contributed to reduced early post‐operative infection rates, despite increased transplant activity in the unit. Infection surveillance is an important and under‐utilized way of reducing infections in this vulnerable patient cohort.
Numerical simulation of flow over stationary and rotating golf ball on Cartesian grid
Authors: Go Gwangsoo , Ahn Hyung Taek , Gu Gibeom , Kim Min Ah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wake patterns behind a golf ball with and without back-spin (ωD/2U=0.1 where ω is the angular velocity, D is the diameter of the golf ball, and U is the freestream velocity) were investigated at ReD=1.1×105. To simulate wake regions, the in-house Cartesian mesh-based incompressible flow solver, namely ULSAN3D-Cart, was utilized. Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows are solved by the standard projection method with the unconditionally stable semi-Lagrangian scheme. The pressure Poisson equation is solved by the geometric multigrid method. The computational domain was set to [−4D,28D]×[−8D,8D]2. The number of grid cells was set to 4,096×2,0482(≅17.2×109). By using hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelization, this large-scale flow was simulated on the KISTI Nurion supercomputer. For the flow simulation, total 32,768 cores of Intel Xeon Phi 7250 processors are utilized. For the visualization of the wake field, in-situ parallel processing was conducted on the Nurion machine using 17,408 CPU cores utilizing the open-source visualization software, Paraview. By the comparison of the stationary and the back-spinning golf balls, the differences in the wake patterns are clearly observable. For the stationary case, wake stretches in a symmetric manner with respect to the horizontal center line. On the other hands, for the back-spinning case, the wake bends downward direction, which indicates the generation of the upward lift.
Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties
Authors: Jagodzińska Katarzyna , Czerep Michał , Kudlek Edyta , Wnukowski Mateusz , Pronobis Marek , Yang Weihong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To date, few studies on the potential utilization of agricultural residue torrefaction products have been performed. Thus, torrefaction product characterization aimed at its potential utilization was performed. Wheat–barley straw pellets and wheat–rye chaff were used in the study. The impact of the torrefaction temperature (280–320 °C) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in the biochar and noncondensable gas (noncondensables) composition was investigated. The impact of the torrefaction time (30–75 min) on the composition of the condensable volatiles (condensables) and their toxicity were also studied. The torrefaction process was performed in a batch-scale reactor. The PAH contents were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the noncondensables composition was measured online using a gas analyzer and then gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The condensables composition and main compound quantification were determined and quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three toxicity tests, for saltwater bacteria (Microtox® bioassay), freshwater crustaceans (Daphtoxkit F magna®), and vascular plants (Lemna sp. growth inhibition test), were performed for the condensables. The PAHs content in the biochar, regardless of the torrefaction temperature, allows them to be used in agriculture. The produced torgas shall be co-combusted with full-caloric fuel because of its low calorific value. Toxic compounds (furans and phenols) were identified in the condensable samples, and regardless of the processing time, the condensables were classified as highly toxic. Therefore, they can be used either as pesticides or as an anaerobic digestion substrate after their detoxification.
Neuromuscular Control Training Does Not Improve Gait Biomechanics in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Migel Kimmery , Wikstrom Erik 
Published: February 2020

Introduction/Clinical Scenario: Ankle sprains are highly common within the population and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI have both functional and mechanical impairments, which are thought to contribute to maladaptive gait biomechanics. Neuromuscular control and balance training are frequently incorporated into rehabilitation programs, however the effect of balance training on gait biomechanics remains unknown. Focused Clinical Question: Does balance or neuromuscular training improve gait biomechanics in individuals with CAI? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies assessed 4–6 weeks of progressive neuromuscular control training and found no improvements in gait biomechanics. One study found a worsening of eversion position at midstance upon program completion. However, when training was augmented with destabilizing shoes, improvements in dorsiflexion were noted. Clinical Bottom Line: Cumulative findings suggest that neuromuscular control training does not improve gait biomechanics in those with CAI. However, augmentation of programs may be beneficial. Strength of Recommendation: There is high-quality evidence(Grade B) that balance training does not alter gait biomechanics in patients with CAI.
Field-Derived Power–Duration Variables to Predict Cycling Time-Trial Performance
Authors: Nimmerichter Alfred , Prinz Bernhard , Gumpenberger Matthias , Heider Sebastian , Wirth Klaus 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive validity of critical power (CP) and the work above CP (W′) on cycling performance (mean power during a 20-min time trial; TT20). Methods: On 3 separate days, 10 male cyclists completed a TT20 and 3 CP and W′ prediction trials of 1, 4, and 10 min and 2, 7, and 12 min in field conditions. CP and W′ were modeled across combinations of these prediction trials with the hyperbolic, linear work/time, and linear power inverse-time (INV) models. The agreement and the uncertainty between the predicted and actual TT20 were assessed with 95% limits of agreement and a probabilistic approach, respectively. Results: Differences between the predicted and actual TT20 were “trivial” for most of the models if the 1-min trial was not included. Including the 1-min trial in the INV and linear work/time models “possibly” to “very likely” overestimated TT20. The INV model provided the smallest total error (ie, best individual fit; 6%) for all cyclists (305 [33] W; 19.6 [3.6] kJ). TT20 predicted from the best individual fit-derived CP, and W′ was strongly correlated with actual TT20 (317 [33] W; r = .975; P < .001). The bias and 95% limits of agreement were 4 (7) W (−11 to 19 W). Conclusions: Field-derived CP and W′ accurately predicted cycling performance in the field. The INV model was most accurate to predict TT20 (1.3% [2.4%]). Adding a 1-min-prediction trial resulted in large total errors, so it should not be included in the models.
The influence of distance and quality on utilisation of birthing services at health facilities in Eastern Region, Ghana
Authors: Dotse-Gborgbortsi Winfred , Dwomoh Duah , Alegana Victor , Hill Allan , Tatem Andrew J , Wright Jim 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesSkilled birth attendance is the single most important intervention to reduce maternal mortality. However, studies have not used routinely collected health service birth data at named health facilities to understand the influence of distance and quality of care on childbirth service utilisation. Thus, this paper aims to quantify the influence of distance and quality of healthcare on utilisation of birthing services using routine health data in Eastern Region, Ghana.MethodsWe used a spatial interaction model (a model that predicts movement from one place to another) drawing on routine birth data, emergency obstetric care surveys, gridded estimates of number of pregnancies and health facility location. We compared travel distances by sociodemographic characteristics and mapped movement patterns.ResultsA kilometre increase in distance significantly reduced the prevalence rate of the number of women giving birth in health facilities by 6.7%. Although quality care increased the number of women giving birth in health facilities, its association was insignificant. Women travelled further than expected to give birth at facilities, on average journeying 4.7 km beyond the nearest facility with a recorded birth. Women in rural areas travelled 4 km more than urban women to reach a hospital. We also observed that 56% of women bypassed the nearest hospital to their community.ConclusionThis analysis provides substantial opportunities for health planners and managers to understand further patterns of skilled birth service utilisation, and demonstrates the value of routine health data. Also, it provides evidence-based information for improving maternal health service provision by targeting specific communities and health facilities.
Supporting workforce practice change: protocol for a pilot study of a motivational interviewing virtual client software tool for health professionals
Authors: Oster Candice , Schoo Adrian , Litt John , Morello Andrea , Leibbrandt Richard , Antonello Christopher , Powers David , Lange Belinda , Maeder Anthony , Lawn Sharon 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionMotivating behavioural change during client consultations is of crucial importance across all health professions to address the growing burden of chronic conditions. Yet health professionals often lack the skills and confidence to use evidence-based counselling interventions to support clients’ behavioural change and mobilise clients’ resources and self-efficacy for change to address their long-term needs.AimsThis pre–post pilot study will develop a motivational interviewing (MI) virtual client training tool for health professionals and test the effectiveness of the educational content and usability of the virtual client interaction.Methods and analysisPostgraduate students across a range of health disciplines will be recruited. Data assessing attitudes towards preventive healthcare will be collected using a modified version of the Preventive Medicine Attitudes and Activities Questionnaire. Conversations with the virtual client will be analysed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code to assess changes in MI skills. The System Usability Scale will be used to assess the usability of the virtual client training tool.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee in May 2019. The results of the pilot study will inform the development of an avatar-based mobile application consisting of MI teaching and interactions with a generic virtual client that can be easily adapted to multiple scenarios.