bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic and Thermoreversible Iongels by Supramolecular PVA/Phenol Interactions
Authors: Luque Gisela C. , Picchio Matías L. , Martins Ana P. S. , Dominguez‐Alfaro Antonio , Tomé Liliana C. , Mecerreyes David , Minari Roque J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIongels have attracted much attention over the years as ion‐conducting soft materials for applications in several technologies including stimuli‐responsive drug release and flexible (bio)electronics. Nowadays, iongels with additional functionalities such as electronic conductivity, self‐healing, thermo‐responsiveness, or biocompatibility are actively being searched for high demanding applications. In this work, a simple and rapid synthetic pathway to prepare elastic and thermoreversible iongels is presented. These iongels are prepared by supramolecular crosslinking between polyphenols biomolecules with a hydroxyl‐rich biocompatible polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of ionic liquids. Using this strategy, a variety of iongels are obtained by combining different plant‐derived polyphenol compounds (PhC) such as gallic acid, pyrogallol, and tannic acid with imidazolium‐based ionic liquids, namely 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide. A suite of characterization tools is used to study the structural, morphological, mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the supramolecular iongels. These iongels can withstand large deformations (40% under compression) with full recovery, revealing reversible transitions from solid to liquid state between 87 and 125 °C. Finally, the polyphenol‐based thermoreversible iongels show appropriated properties for their potential application as printable electrolytes for bioelectronics.
Enhancing the intergranular corrosion resistance of high Mg‐alloyed Al–Mg alloy by Y addition
Authors: Li Xinlei , Xia Weijun , Yan Hongge , Chen Jihua , Su Bin , Li Xinyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroalloying is thought to improve the performance of Al–Mg alloys commonly used in transport applications. The effect of Y addition (0–0.4%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloy is investigated for potential use in engineering applications. The generation of the β‐Al3Mg2 phase along the grain boundaries is suppressed in the as‐cast alloy due to the formation of the AlMgY ternary phase. The average intergranular corrosion mass loss of the alloy with 0.1% Y addition decreases about 53.1% almost at no expense of mechanical performance in the as‐rolled alloy after annealing. Moreover, the alloy with 0.1% Y addition shows the corrosion mass loss about 30.2% lower than the Y‐free alloy in the sensitized state. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the alloy can be ascribed to the reduced β‐Al3Mg2 precipitation along the grain boundaries associated with Y addition.
The anoxic corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in anoxic alkaline environments simulating a Swiss L/ILW repository environment
Authors: Senior Nicholas A. , Martino Taylor , Diomidis Nikitas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Swiss waste management programme foresees that low‐ and intermediate‐level radioactive waste will be disposed of in a deep geological repository constructed in Opalinus Clay. Gas generation is expected in the repository due to the decomposition of organic materials and the corrosion of metals, with carbon steel being the primary source. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel under anoxic conditions has been studied over the course of several years to better understand the long‐term hydrogen evolution profile under anticipated repository conditions. Steel, either bare or encased within mortar, was tested in water vapour or immersed in electrolytes representative of aged cement waters at 50°C. The corrosion rate was measured indirectly through the hydrogen analysis using a solid‐state probe. The hydrogen evolution behaviour of grout was also monitored to more accurately determine the hydrogen generating from the corrosion of the embedded steel. For steel in water vapour or in alkaline environments, embedded in cementitious material or immersed in simulated aged cement pore water, corrosion rates were invariably <1 nm/year after several years of analysis.
Expanding the phenotype of STRA6‐related disorder to include left ventricular non‐compaction
Authors: Sun Hairui , Yu Shaomei , Zhou Xiaoxue , Han Lu , Zhang Hongjia , He Yihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSyndromic microphthalmia‐9 (MCOPS9) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in STRA6, an important regulator of vitamin A and retinoic acid metabolism. This disorder is characterized by bilateral clinical anophthalmia, pulmonary hypoplasia/aplasia, cardiac malformations, and diaphragmatic defects. The clinical characteristics of this disorder have not been fully determined because of the rarity of clinical reports.MethodsA comprehensive genotyping examination including copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐Seq) and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was applied to a fetus of Han Chinese with bilateral anophthalmia, bilateral pulmonary agenesis, interrupted aortic arch type A, and left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC).ResultsNo aneuploidy or pathogenic CNV were identified by CNV‐seq. WES analysis revealed a previously reported homozygous splice site (NM_022369.4:c.113+3_113+4del) in the STRA6 gene. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The diagnosis of MCOPS9 was confirmed given the identification of the STRA6 mutation and the association of bilateral anophthalmia, pulmonary agenesis, and cardiac malformations.ConclusionThis case adds to the phenotypic spectrum of MCOPS9, supporting the association with LVNC, and the presence of interruption of aortic arch further demonstrates the variability of the cardiac malformations.
Identification of novel splice mutation in SMAD3 in two Cypriot families with nonsyndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm. Two case reports
Authors: Keravnou Anna , Bashiardes Evy , Barberis Vassilis , Michailidou Kyriaki , Soteriou Marinos , Tanteles George A. , Cariolou Marios A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAA/D) represents a potentially lethal disease group characterized by an increased risk of dissection or rupture. Only a small percentage (approximately 30%) of individuals with nonsyndromic familial TAA/D have a pathogenic variant in one of the genes that have been found to be associated with the disease.MethodsA targeted sequencing panel and direct sequencing approach were used to identify causative mutations in the index patients and other family members.ResultsIn this study we report two apparently unrelated Cypriot families with nonsyndromic familial TAA/D. The proband A is a female patient diagnosed with TAA/D and intracranial aneurysm and opted for an elective intervention. The proband B is a male patient who was diagnosed with TAA/D and underwent cardiac surgery. Sequencing analysis identified a novel splice site variant (c.871+1G>A) in SMAD3 which is shown to be associated with the disease. Analysis of mRNA from the patient's tissue confirmed aberrant splicing and exon 6 skipping.ConclusionOur findings expand the mutation spectrum of variants that have been shown to be associated with nonsyndromic familial TAA/D. This study demonstrates the importance of a comprehensive clinical and genetic evaluation aiming at early diagnosis and intervention.
Modeling of active shimming of metallic needles for interventional MRI
Authors: Sengupta Saikat 
Published: June 2020

PurposeArtifacts caused by large magnetic susceptibility differences between metallic needles and tissue are a persistent problem in many interventional MRI applications. The signal void caused by the needle can hide procedure targets and prevent accurate image‐based monitoring. In this paper, a solution to this problem is presented in the form of an active shim insert inspired from degaussing coils used in naval vessels, that is designed to correct the field disturbance (ΔB0) caused by the needle.MethodsThe ΔB0 induced by a 10 gauge hollow single‐beveled titanium needle at 3T is modeled in different orientations. A set of 63 orthogonal coil pairs with unique tip paths are evaluated for shimming performance, and an optimal coil pair is chosen. Shimming performance and current demands are evaluated over a range of needle orientations.ResultsRobust correction of the titanium needle induced ΔB0 is predicted using a flat no‐loop coil combined with an orthogonal 1½ turn loop coil angled at the bevel angle for most orientations, with currents well below 1 amp per coil. Reductions in ΔB0 standard deviations with shimming ranged from ~49% to ~10% depending on needle orientation, with performance worsening as the needle is aligned more along B0.ConclusionSimulations predict that it is possible to minimize metallic probe induced ΔB0 and signal losses using externally supplied direct current shim coil inserts in arbitrary orientations for potential benefits in many interventional MRI applications.
New iterative and staggered solution schemes for incompressible fluid‐structure interaction based on Dirichlet‐Neumann coupling
Authors: Dettmer Wulf G. , Lovrić Aleksander , Kadapa Chennakesava , Perić Djordje 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn the presence of strong added mass effects, partitioned solution strategies for incompressible fluid‐structure interaction are known to lack robustness and computational efficiency. A number of strategies have been proposed to address this challenge. However, these strategies are often complicated or restricted to certain problem classes and generally require intrusive modifications of existing software. In this work, the well‐known Dirichlet‐Neumann coupling is revisited and a new combined two‐field relaxation strategy is proposed. A family of efficient staggered schemes based crucially on a force predictor is formulated alongside the classical iterative approach. Both methodologies are rigorously analyzed on the basis of a linear model problem derived from a simplified fluid‐conveying elastic tube. The investigation suggests that both the robustness and the efficiency of a partitioned Dirichlet‐Neumann coupling scheme can be improved by a relatively small nonintrusive modification of a standard implementation. The relevance of the model problem analysis for finite element‐based computational fluid‐structure interaction is demonstrated in detail for a submerged cylinder subject to an external force.
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Authors: Provenzano Aldesia , Palazzo Viviana , Reho Paolo , Pagliazzi Angelica , Marozza Annabella , Farina Antonio , Zuffardi Orsetta , Giglio Sabrina 
Published: June 2020

The front cover image is based on the Research Letter Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in a family at risk for Fraser syndrome by Aldesia Provenzano et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5700.image
Cover Image
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Jiaqi , Feng Wei , Cao Haiyan , He Qiaoyue , Xu Jinzhi , Zeng He , Xie Mingxing 
Published: June 2020

The back cover image is based on the Original Article Description of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of fetal complex heart malformations by prenatal echocardiography combined with postnatal cardiovascular casting by Yu Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5689.image
Effect of lanthanum‐modified magnesium silicate on isotactic polypropylene crystallization in composite materials during shear flow
Authors: Bednarek Wojciech H. , Ciesielczyk Filip , Odalanowska Majka , Paukszta Dominik , Piasecki Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe activity of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nucleating additives during shear flow of composite materials is still not entirely explained. In current work the sol‐gel method was employed to synthesize MgO·SiO2 filler, surface‐modified with trivalent lanthanum. The crystallization of commercial iPP in the presence of 0.5% by weight La3+ modified or unmodified silicates was analyzed. The wide angle X‐ray scattering analysis proved that the presence of even small amount of filler influences significantly on supermolecular structure of iPP. The results of microscope observations confirmed that the lanthanum‐modified filler shows the nucleating ability for iPP. In that case a significant reduction of crystallization induction time was noticed. The investigation of iPP crystallization in composites after shear treatment confirmed that the increase of shear rate reduces the nucleating ability of additives. Moreover, the flow of filler particles during shearing may impede the shear‐induced crystallization phenomenon.
Morphology of poly(lactide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐polylactide high‐χ triblock copolymer film studied by grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Freychet Guillaume , Maret Mireille , Fernandez‐Regulez Marta , Tiron Raluca , Gharbi Ahmed , Nicolet Celia , Gergaud Patrice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe morphologies of poly(lactide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐polylactide (PLA‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PLA) triblock copolymer films were studied using a combination of grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray reflectivity and scanning electron microscopy. This block copolymer is characterized by a high Flory–Huggins interaction parameter which leads to the self‐assembly of periodic high‐resolution nanodomains. In this article, we performed a detailed analysis of GISAXS patterns, in the frame of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation, in order to determine the morphology of blocks and their spatial arrangement. For a low volume fraction of PLA (17%), a three‐dimensional hexagonal lattice of PLA spherical blocks is revealed, while, for a PLA fraction twice larger, in‐plane (parallel) PLA lying cylinders adopt a two‐dimensional centered rectangular lattice. Moreover, the in‐depth electron density profile of the polymer film for the cylindrical morphology was extracted from the XRR data, revealing the presence of interfacial layers at the top surface and at the interface with the Si substrate.
Sustaining factors, rewards, and challenges for psychologists providing clinical care in psycho‐oncology
Authors: Kracen Amanda , Raque‐Bogdan Trisha L. , Taylor‐Irwin Nicole , Rowold Hannah , Nelson Afton , Michl Taylor , Ross Kaitlin V. , Engblom Heather , Joseph Ellen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveMany who choose to work in oncology manage an ongoing tension—the work is rewarding, yet simultaneously challenging. Given the need for psychosocial professionals to provide treatment for the increasing number of cancer survivors in our aging society, it is important to consider what helps and hinders professionals in their work. Therefore, this study sought to understand the work experiences of psychologists working in psycho‐oncology, specifically clarifying the rewards and challenges they experience as a result of their occupation.MethodsTwenty psychologists with oncology work experience in the United States completed semi‐structured interviews; data were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method.ResultsIn this paper, findings are presented for two of the domains that emerged from the data. In the domain of Sustaining Factors and Rewards, six themes were identified: (a) making a difference, (b) personal impact of the work on psychologists' lives and personal enrichment, (c) sense of purpose and fit with the work, (d) important relationships, (e) unique aspects of psycho‐oncology, and (f) benefits derived from the workplace. In the domain of Challenges, five themes were identified: (a) job‐related challenges, (b) emotional intensity, (c) financial challenges, (d) ambiguity in professional roles and psycho‐oncology, and (e) ethical dilemmas.ConclusionPsychologists employed in psycho‐oncology found great meaning and purpose in their jobs, but also struggled with challenges related to the work and their workplaces. These findings can lead to better training, supervision, retention initiatives, and administrative policies to support productive employees.
The value of insect management to US maize, soybean and cotton farmers
Authors: Hurley Terrance M , Mitchell Paul D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost US maize, soybean and cotton farmers use Bt crops, insecticidal seed treatments, soil‐applied insecticides, and foliar sprays to manage insect pests. Given the global economic importance of these crops, we examine farmer benefits of this insecticide use. Using a telephone survey, we document pest management practices and concerns, estimate adoption and farmer perceived values for these practices, and determine factors besides yield and cost that impact adoption and perceived value.RESULTSSeed‐based technologies (Bt seed, seed treatments) dominated insecticide use. Almost 80% of respondents' planted hectares used Bt crops and more than half used seed treatments, while about one‐sixth used soil insecticides and one‐sixth to one‐third used foliar insecticides. Perceived farmer values per treated hectare were greatest for Bt cotton and foliar insecticides in cotton, especially after first bloom. Values for maize and other cotton insecticide uses were greater than for soybean. Aggregating over treated areas, the largest total values for each crop were for seed‐based technologies. In addition to yield and cost, farmers showed significant concern for economic risk and human and environmental safety when making pest management decisions. These non‐monetary concerns significantly affected the likelihood farmers used these practices and their perceived value.CONCLUSIONFor these crops, seed‐based insecticides dominate farmer insecticide use and the value they derive from insecticides. Because seed purchase is months before planting, farmers rely on risk‐based integrated pest management to make pest management decisions, weighing both monetary and non‐monetary factors when deciding whether the risks are sufficient to justify the use of insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐throughput computational materials screening and discovery of optoelectronic semiconductors
Authors: Luo Shulin , Li Tianshu , Wang Xinjiang , Faizan Muhammad , Zhang Lijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the recent past, optoelectronic semiconductors have attracted significant research attention both experimentally and theoretically toward large‐scale applications in energy conversion, lighting, imaging, detection, and so on. With advancement in computing power and rapid development of computational algorithms, scientific community resorts to materials simulation to explore the hidden potential behind thousands of potentially unknown materials within short timeframes that the real experiments might take a long time. Within this context, the high‐throughput (HT) computational materials screening has emerged as a useful tool to accelerate materials discovery, especially in the field of optoelectronic semiconductors. One of the important consequences is the construction of a number of material databases containing wide range of functional materials with their diverse physical properties and applications. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress on HT computational screening of optoelectronic semiconductors, with focus on photovoltaic solar absorbers, photoelectrochemical cells, semiconductor light‐emitting diodes, and transparent conducting materials. We have also summarized the general workflow of HT computational screening, released workhorse models, and existing material databases. Finally, we offer perspectives for future research with a hope that this study could inspire new ideas for computational‐driven optoelectronic semiconductor discovery in the HT routine.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Interpretability of machine learning‐based prediction models in healthcare
Authors: Stiglic Gregor , Kocbek Primoz , Fijacko Nino , Zitnik Marinka , Verbert Katrien , Cilar Leona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a need of ensuring that learning (ML) models are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end‐users. Further, interpretable ML models allow healthcare experts to make reasonable and data‐driven decisions to provide personalized decisions that can ultimately lead to higher quality of service in healthcare. Generally, we can classify interpretability approaches in two groups where the first focuses on personalized interpretation (local interpretability) while the second summarizes prediction models on a population level (global interpretability). Alternatively, we can group interpretability methods into model‐specific techniques, which are designed to interpret predictions generated by a specific model, such as a neural network, and model‐agnostic approaches, which provide easy‐to‐understand explanations of predictions made by any ML model. Here, we give an overview of interpretability approaches using structured data and provide examples of practical interpretability of ML in different areas of healthcare, including prediction of health‐related outcomes, optimizing treatments, or improving the efficiency of screening for specific conditions. Further, we outline future directions for interpretable ML and highlight the importance of developing algorithmic solutions that can enable ML driven decision making in high‐stakes healthcare problems.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
‘Overcoming the Bottleneck’: Knowledge Architectures for Genomic Data Interpretation in Oncology
Authors: Cambrosio Alberto , Campbell Jonah , Vignola-Gagné Etienne , Keating Peter , Jordan Bertrand R. , Bourret Pascale 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, oncology transitioned from its traditional, organ-based approach to ‘precision oncology’ centered on molecular alterations. As a result, it has become to a significant extent a ‘data-centric’ domain. Its practices increasingly rely on a sophisticated techno-scientific infrastructure that generates massive amounts of data in need of consistent, appropriate interpretations. Attempts to overcome the interpretation bottleneck have led to the establishment of a complex landscape of interrelated resources that, while displaying distinct characteristics and design choices, also entertain horizontal and vertical relations. Although there is no denying that the data-centric nature of contemporary oncology raises a number of key issues related to the production and circulation of data, we suggest that the focus on data use and re-use should be complemented by a focus on interpretation. Oncology practitioners refer to data interpretation resources as ‘knowledgebases’, an actor’s category designed to differentiate them from generic, multi-purpose databases. Their major purpose is the definition and identification of clinically actionable alterations. A heavy investment in human curation, of a clinical rather than exclusively scientific nature is needed to make them valuable, but each knowledgebase appears to have its own peculiar way of connecting clinical and scientific statements. In spite of their common goal, knowledgebases thus adopt very different approaches partly captured by the tension between trust and traceability.