bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirurgische Therapie der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis
Authors: Branchi Vittorio , Weismüller Tobias J. , Zhou Taotao , Henn Jonas , Semaan Alexander , Glowka Tim R. , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria , Strassburg Christian , Kalff Jörg C. , Manekeller Steffen , Matthaei Hanno 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Wenngleich in Bezug auf Therapie und Krankheitsverständnis bei der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis (PSC) in den vergangenen Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte zu beobachten sind, so ist bei Karzinom und „end-stage liver disease“ (ELD) eine Lebertransplantation (LTX) meist die einzige Chance auf Heilung. In seltenen Fällen ist eine Leberteilresektion (LR) zur kurativen Therapie des PSC-assoziierten Gallengangskarzinoms (CCC) möglich. Diese Operationen stellen für PSC-Patienten eine zusätzliche Belastung dar.

Ziel
Auch aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung sind detaillierte Studien zur hepatopankreatikobiliären (HPB-)Chirurgie der PSC rar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die HPB-chirurgische Indikation und Prognose von PSC Patienten zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine monozentrische, retrospektive Kohortenstudie von 1990 bis 2020. In dieser wurden Patienten mit PSC eingeschlossen und in Bezug auf operationsassoziierte Faktoren sowie deren Prognose untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Bei 62 Patienten (36 %) war eine PSC-bedingte, größere hepatopankreatikobiliäre Operation oder Exploration notwendig. Diese Patienten litten signifikant häufiger an einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung (p < 0,019). Eine LTX erfolgte bei 46 dieser Patienten (73 %) aufgrund eines ELD. Eine LR erfolgte bei 8 Patienten (11 %). 9 Patienten wurden lediglich explorativ laparotomiert. Das Überleben in der LTX-Subgruppe war signifikant länger als nach LR bzw. explorativer Laparotomie (258 Monate; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [CI] 210–306 vs. 88; 95 %-CI 16–161 vs. 13; 95 %-CI 3–23; p < 0,05).

Diskussion
Ein großer Anteil der Patienten mit PSC muss aufgrund der Erkrankung operiert werden mit erheblichem Risiko für Morbidität und Mortalität. Bei fehlenden kurativen Therapieoptionen wären Frühdiagnosestrategien zu begrüßen, um das PSC-CCC im Frühstadium erkennen und behandeln zu können.
Risk aversion and the willingness to migrate in 30 transition countries
Authors: Huber Peter , Nowotny Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper uses individual-level data covering 30 transition countries that account for over one-quarter of the worldwide immigrant stock to assess the impact of risk aversion on willingness to migrate. It extends the previous literature by allowing the effect of risk aversion to depend on the level of risk in the sending country. Consistent with theories of individual-level migration decisions, we find that risk aversion has a robust and statistically significant negative impact on willingness to migrate within countries as well as abroad. As predicted by theory, this impact is robustly less negative in riskier sending countries. Furthermore, this negative impact is significantly larger for willingness to migrate abroad than willingness to migrate internally. We also find that, even after controlling for an extensive set of control variables, willingness to migrate internally and abroad are highly correlated. This suggests that internal and international mobility decisions are closely linked.
Crack formation, strain distribution and fracture surfaces around knots in thermally modified timber loaded in static bending
Authors: van Blokland Joran , Olsson Anders , Oscarsson Jan , Daniel Geoffrey , Adamopoulos Stergios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of thermal modification (TM) on the chemistry, anatomy and mechanical properties of wood is often investigated using small clear samples. Little is known on the effect of growth-related and processing defects, such as knots and checks, on the bending strength and stiffness of thermally modified timber (TMT). Nine boards of Norway spruce with different combinations of knot types were used to study the combined effects of checks and knots on the bending behaviour of TMT. Digital image correlation (DIC) measurements on board surfaces at sites of knots subjected to bending allowed to study strain distribution and localise cracks prior to and after TM, and to monitor development of fracture (around knots) in TMT to failure. DIC confirmed that checking in knots was increased after TM compared to kiln-dried timber, specifically for intergrown knots and intergrown parts of encased knots. Effects appear local and do not affect board bending stiffness at these sites. Bending failure in TMT initiated mainly at knot interfaces or besides knots and fractures often propagated from checks. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of fracture surfaces confirmed this, and fractures were typically initiated around knots and at knot interfaces due to crack propagation along the grain in the longitudinal–radial plane (TL fracture) under mixed mode I and II loading, such that boards failed in simple tension like unmodified timber. Images of fracture surfaces at the ultrastructural level revealed details of the brittle behaviour of TM wood. This was especially apparent from the smooth appearance of transwall failure under mode I loading across the grain.
Response and Adherence to Nilotinib in Daily practice (RAND study): an in-depth observational study of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with nilotinib
Authors: Boons Christel C. L. M. , Timmers Lonneke , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Westerweel Peter E. , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Smit Willem M. , Bartelink Imke H. , Wilschut Janneke A. , Swart Eleonora L. , Hendrikse N. Harry , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
This comprehensive observational study aimed to gain insight into adherence to nilotinib and the effect of (non)adherence on exposure (Cmin) and treatment outcomes.

Methods
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients using nilotinib were followed for 12 months. Adherence was measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), pill count, and Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). Nilotinib Cmin and patient-reported outcomes (i.e., quality of life, side effects, beliefs, satisfaction) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results
Sixty-eight patients (57.5 ± 15.0 years, 49% female) participated. Median adherence to nilotinib (MEMS and pill count) was ≥ 99% and adherence < 90% was rare. Self-reported nonadherence (MARS-5) increased in the first year of treatment to a third of patients. In line with the strong beliefs in the necessity of taking nilotinib, forgetting to take a dose was more prevalent than intentionally adjusting/skipping doses. Nilotinib Cmin were generally above the therapeutic target in 95% of patients. Patients reported a variety of side effects, of which fatigue was most frequent. The mean Cmin was higher in patients who reported severe itching and fatigue. The overall 1-year MMR rate ranged from 47 to 71%.

Conclusion
Substantial nonadherence (< 90%) to nilotinib was rare and nilotinib Cmin were generally above the therapeutic target. Lack of response in our group of patients was not related to nonadherence or inadequate Cmin. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients experienced difficulties in adhering to the twice daily fasted dosing regimen, emphasizing the importance of continuous support of medication adherence in CML.

Clinical trial registration
NTR3992 (Netherlands Trial Register, www.trialregister.nl)
Exploring the Impact of COVID‐19 on Progress Towards Achieving Global Surgery Goals
Authors: Mazingi Dennis , Navarro Sergio , Bobel Matthew C. , Dube Andile , Mbanje Chenesa , Lavy Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the 5 months since it began, the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed extraordinary demands on health systems around the world including surgery. Competing health objectives and resource redeployment threaten to retard the scale‐up of surgical services in low‐ and middle‐income countries where access to safe, affordable and timely care is low. The key aspiration of the Lancet Commission on global surgery was promotion of resilience in surgical systems. The current pandemic provides an opportunity to stress‐test those systems and identify fault‐lines that may not be easily apparent outside of times of crisis.MethodsWe endeavoured to explore vulnerable points in surgical systems learning from the experience of past outbreaks, using examples from the current pandemic, and make recommendations for future health emergencies. The 6‐component framework for surgical systems planning was used to categorise the effects of COVID‐19 on surgical systems, with a particular focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries. Key vulnerabilities were identified and recommendations were made for the current pandemic and for the future.ResultsMultiple stress points were identified throughout all of the 6 components of surgical systems. The impact is expected to be highest in the workforce, service delivery and infrastructure domains. Innovative new technologies should be employed to allow consistent, high‐quality surgical care to continue even in times of crisis.ConclusionsIf robust progress towards global surgery goals for 2030 is to continue, the stress points identified should be reinforced. An ongoing process of reappraisal and fortification will keep surgical systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries responsive to “old threats and new challenges”. Multiple opportunities exist to help realise the dream of surgical systems resilient to external shocks.
Dietary plasticity and the importance of salmon to brown bear (Ursus arctos) body size and condition in a low Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Mangipane Lindsey S. , Lafferty Diana J. R. , Joly Kyle , Sorum Mathew S. , Cameron Matthew D. , Belant Jerrold L. , Hilderbrand Grant V. , Gustine David D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEcological flexibility within animal populations can allow for variation in resource use and foraging decisions. We estimated brown bear (Ursus arctos) diet composition in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska from 2013 to 2015 to evaluate how variation in foraging behavior influences body condition and size. We used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of sectioned brown bear hair samples to evaluate assimilated diet. We then developed a set of a priori linear models to evaluate differences in the diet composition of brown bears (n = 80) in relation to body fat (%) and mass. The proportion of meat (salmon [Oncorhynchus keta] and terrestrial meat combined) in the diet from July through late September varied between male and female bears, with males ($$\stackrel{-}{x}$$x-= 62%, SD = 30) assimilating significantly more meat than females ($$\stackrel{-}{x}$$x-= 40%, SD = 29). Most of the meat consumed came from marine-derived resources for males (53% of the total diet or 86% of the meat) and females (31% of the total diet or 77% of the meat). As we found the range of observed diets was unrelated to physiological outcomes (i.e., percentage body fat), we suggest that ecological flexibility within populations may provide an adaptive advantage by allowing individuals to reduce competition with conspecifics by foraging on alternate food resources. Identifying variable foraging behaviors within a population can allow for a better understanding of complex behaviors and, ultimately, lead to more informed management decisions related to habitat use, development, and harvest.
Darrieus vertical-axis water turbines: deformation and force measurements on bioinspired highly flexible blade profiles
Authors: Hoerner Stefan , Bonamy Cyrille , Cleynen Olivier , Maître Thierry , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of the fluid–structure interaction on the flexible blades of a horizontal-axis water turbine are studied; this bioinspired technology features mechanical simplicity, performance and lifetime improvement, and low fish impact risk, all characteristics of a truly sustainable renewable energy exploitation. A surface-tracking method synchronized with force measurements was applied on a surrogate model of single-bladed, vertical-axis water turbine in a water channel. This allows for the characterization of the structural deformations and their link to the hydrodynamic forces, over a large range of turbine designs and operating points. It is shown that the phase angles of the maxima in blade deformation coincide with those of the load maxima on a rigid blade in identical flow conditions. The influence of the turbine’s tip/speed ratio on the blade deformation and blade load is investigated. With the chosen blade design, hydrofoil deformation is found to be maximum in the operating points where the performance improvement is maximized ($$k_o=0.3$$ko=0.3). With lower values of reduced frequency (corresponding to lower rotation speed), fluid-induced forces dominate the fluid–structure interaction. Conversely, at higher frequencies, structural inertia dominates the interaction, and blade deformation is again reduced. Results suggest that the optimal blade rigidity may depend on the operating point; nevertheless the potential of the flexible-blade design is demonstrated through clear linking of fluid-induced forces and blade deformation in the complex flow conditions of the Darrieus water turbine.

Graphic abstract
On the use of near-neutral Backward Lyapunov Vectors to get reliable ensemble forecasts in coupled ocean–atmosphere systems
Authors: Vannitsem Stéphane , Duan Wansuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of coupled Backward Lyapunov Vectors (BLV) for ensemble forecast is demonstrated in a coupled ocean–atmosphere system of reduced order, the Modular Arbitrary Order Ocean–Atmosphere Model (MAOOAM). It is found that overall the most suitable BLVs to initialize a (multiscale) coupled ocean–atmosphere forecasting system are the ones associated with near-neutral and slightly negative Lyapunov exponents. This unexpected result is related to the fact that these BLVs display larger projections on the ocean variables than the others, leading to an appropriate spread for the ocean, and at the same time a rapid transfer of these errors toward the most unstable BLVs affecting predominantly the atmosphere is experienced. The latter dynamics is a natural property of any generic perturbation in nonlinear chaotic dynamical systems, allowing for a reliable spread with the atmosphere too. Furthermore, this specific choice becomes even more crucial when the goal is the forecasting of low-frequency variability at annual and decadal time scales. The implications of these results for operational ensemble forecasts in coupled ocean–atmosphere systems are briefly discussed.
Evaluation of digital image analysis as a supportive tool for the stratification of head and neck vascular anomalies
Authors: Ehrenreich Jovine , Bette Michael , Schmidt Ansgar , Roeßler Marion , Bakowsky Udo , Geisthoff Urban W. , Stuck Boris A. , Mandic Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The histological differentiation of individual types of vascular anomalies (VA), such as lymphatic malformations (LM), hemangioma (Hem), paraganglioma (PG), venous malformations (VeM), arteriovenous malformations (AVM), pyogenic granulomas (GP), and (not otherwise classified) vascular malformations (VM n.o.c.) is frequently difficult due to the heterogeneity of these anomalies. The aim of the study was to evaluate digital image analysis as a method for VA stratification

Methods
A total of 40 VA tissues were examined immunohistologically using a selection of five vascular endothelial-associated markers (CD31, CD34, CLDN5, PDPN, VIM). The staining results were documented microscopically followed by digital image analyses based quantification of the candidate-marker-proteins using the open source program ImageJ/Fiji.

Results
Differences in the expression patterns of the candidate proteins could be detected particularly when deploying the quotient of the quantified immunohistochemical signal values. Deploying signal marker quotients, LM could be fully distinguished from all other tested tissue types. GP achieved stratification from LM, Hem, VM, PG and AVM tissues, whereas Hem, PG, VM and AVM exhibited significantly different signal marker quotients compared with LM and GP tissues.

Conclusion
Although stratification of different VA from each other was only achieved in part with the markers used, the results of this study strongly support the usefulness of digital image analysis for the stratification of VA. Against the background of upcoming new diagnostic techniques involving artificial intelligence and deep (machine) learning, our data serve as a paradigm of how digital evaluation methods can be deployed to support diagnostic decision making in the field of VAs.
Seizures in Alzheimer’s disease are highly recurrent and associated with a poor disease course
Authors: Vöglein Jonathan , Ricard Ingrid , Noachtar Soheyl , Kukull Walter A. , Dieterich Marianne , Levin Johannes , Danek Adrian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Seizures are an important comorbidity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conflicting results regarding clinical parameters associated with seizures in AD were previously reported. Data on seizure recurrence risk, a crucial parameter for treatment decisions, are lacking.

Methods
National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data were analyzed. Seizure prevalence in AD and an association with disease duration were investigated. Associations of seizures with age of AD onset and with cognitive and functional performance, and seizure recurrence risk were studied.

Results
20,745 individuals were investigated. In AD dementia, seizure recurrence risk was 70.4% within 7.5 months. Seizure history was associated with an earlier age of onset of cognitive symptoms (seizures vs. no seizures: 64.7 vs. 70.4 years; p < 0.0001) and worse cognitive and functional performance (mean MMSE score: 16.6 vs. 19.6; mean CDR-sum of boxes score: 9.3 vs. 6.8; p < 0.0001; adjusted for disease duration and age). Seizure prevalence increased with duration of AD dementia (standardized OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.39–1.73, p < 0.0001), rising from 1.51% at 4.8 years to 5.43% at 11 years disease duration. Seizures were more frequent in AD dementia compared to normal controls (active seizures: 1.51% vs. 0.35%, p < 0.0001, OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 3.01–6.27; seizure history: 3.14% vs. 1.57%, p < 0.0001, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.67–2.46).

Conclusion
Seizures in AD dementia feature an exceptionally high recurrence risk and are associated with a poor course of cognitive symptoms. AD patients are at an increased risk for seizures, particularly in later disease stages. Our findings emphasize a need for seizure history assessment in AD, inform individual therapeutic decisions and underline the necessity of systematic treatment studies of AD-associated epilepsy.
The day-to-day reliability of peak fat oxidation and FATMAX
Authors: Chrzanowski-Smith Oliver J. , Edinburgh Robert M. , Thomas Mark P. , Haralabidis Nicos , Williams Sean , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prior studies exploring the reliability of peak fat oxidation (PFO) and the intensity that elicits PFO (FATMAX) are often limited by small samples. This study characterised the reliability of PFO and FATMAX in a large cohort of healthy men and women.

Methods
Ninety-nine adults [49 women; age: 35 (11) years; $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak: 42.2 (10.3) mL·kg BM−1·min−1; mean (SD)] completed two identical exercise tests (7–28 days apart) to determine PFO (g·min−1) and FATMAX (%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak) by indirect calorimetry. Systematic bias and the absolute and relative reliability of PFO and FATMAX were explored in the whole sample and sub-categories of: cardiorespiratory fitness, biological sex, objectively measured physical activity levels, fat mass index (derived by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and menstrual cycle status.

Results
No systematic bias in PFO or FATMAX was found between exercise tests in the entire sample (− 0.01 g·min−1 and 0%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak, respectively; p > 0.05). Absolute reliability was poor [within-subject coefficient of variation: 21% and 26%; typical errors: ± 0.06 g·min−1 and × / ÷ 1.26%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak; 95% limits of agreement: ± 0.17 g·min−1 and × / ÷ 1.90%$$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2peak, respectively), despite high (r = 0.75) and moderate (r = 0.45) relative reliability for PFO and FATMAX, respectively. These findings were consistent across all sub-groups.

Conclusion
Repeated assessments are required to more accurately determine PFO and FATMAX.
Computational stability investigations for a highly symmetric system: the pressurized spherical membrane
Authors: Eriksson Anders , Nordmark Arne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThin membranes are notoriously sensitive to instabilities under mechanical loading, and need sophisticated analysis methods. Although analytical results are available for several special cases and assumptions, numerical approaches are normally needed for general descriptions of non-linear response and stability. The paper uses the case of a thin spherical hyper-elastic membrane subjected to internal gas over-pressure to investigate how stability conclusions are affected by chosen material models and kinematic discretizations. For spherical symmetry, group representation theory leads to linearized modes on the uniformly stretched sphere, with eigenvalues obtained from the mechanics of a thin membrane. A complete three-dimensional geometric description allows non-axisymmetric shear modes of the sphere, and such instabilities are shown to exist. When the symmetry of the continuous sphere is broken by discretized models, group representation theory gives predictions on the effects on the critical states. Numerical simulations of the pressurized sphere show and verify stability conclusions for sets of meshing strategies and hyper-elastic models.
Microfluidic ratio metering devices fabricated in PMMA by CO2 laser
Authors: Tweedie M. , Maguire P. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe microfluidic fabrication results achieved using a 10.6 μm CO2 engraving laser on cast PMMA, in both raster and vector mode, with a 1.5″ lens and a High Power Density Focussing Optics lens. Raster written channels show a flatter base and are more U-shaped, while vector written channels are V shaped. Cross-sectional images, and, where possible, stylus profilometry results are presented. The sides of V-grooves become increasing steep with laser power, but broader shallower channels may be produced in vector mode by laser defocus, as illustrated. Smoothing of raster engraved channels by heated IPA etch, and transparency enhancement by CHCl3 vapour treatment are briefly discussed. An asymmetric Y meter is discussed as one method of diluting acid into seawater for dissolved CO2 analysis. Alternatively, microfluidic snake channel restrictors of different lengths in 2 channels may achieve the same result. Samples are fabricated with bases bonded by CHCl3 vapour treatment, and the devices are flow tested with either dilute food dye or DI water. Microfluidics fabricated in this manner have applications in ocean sensing of dissolved CO2 and other analytes, as well as broader sensing measurements, including biomedical sensors.