bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local RNA translation controls cell migration and Rab GTPase function
Authors: Moissoglu Konstadinos , Stueland Michael , Gasparski Alexander N. , Wang Tianhong , Jenkins Lisa M. , Hastings Michelle L. , Mili Stavroula 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTNumerous RNAs exhibit specific distribution patterns in mammalian cells. However, the functional and mechanistic consequences are relatively unknown. We investigate here the functional role of RNA localization at cellular protrusions of mesenchymal migrating cells, using as a model theRAB13RNA, which encodes a GTPase important for vesicle-mediated membrane trafficking. WhileRAB13RNA is enriched at peripheral protrusions, the expressed protein is concentrated perinuclearly. By specifically preventingRAB13RNA localization, we show that peripheralRAB13translation is not important for the overall distribution of the RAB13 protein, or its ability to associate with membranes, but is required for full activation of the GTPase and for efficient cell migration. This effect is mediated by a co-translational association of RAB13 with the exchange factor RABIF. Our results indicate that RAB13-RABIF association at the periphery is required for directing RAB13 GTPase activity to promote cell migration. Thus, translation of RAB13 in specific subcellular environments imparts the protein with distinct properties and highlights a means of controlling protein function through local RNA translation.
Integration of machine learning and pan-genomics expands the biosynthetic landscape of RiPP natural products
Authors: Kloosterman Alexander M. , Cimermancic Peter , Elsayed Somayah S. , Du Chao , Hadjithomas Michalis , Donia Mohamed S. , Fischbach Michael A. , van Wezel Gilles P. , Medema Marnix H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost clinical drugs are based on microbial natural products, with compound classes including polyketides (PKS), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), fluoroquinones and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). While variants of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for known classes of natural products are easy to identify in genome sequences, BGCs for new compound classes escape attention. In particular, evidence is accumulating that for RiPPs, subclasses known thus far may only represent the tip of an iceberg. Here, we present decRiPPter (Data-driven Exploratory Class-independent RiPP TrackER), a RiPP genome mining algorithm aimed at the discovery of novel RiPP classes. DecRiPPter combines a Support Vector Machine (SVM) that identifies candidate RiPP precursors with pan-genomic analyses to identify which of these are encoded within operon-like structures that are part of the accessory genome of a genus. Subsequently, it prioritizes such regions based on the presence of new enzymology and based on patterns of gene cluster and precursor peptide conservation across species. We then applied decRiPPter to mine 1,295Streptomycesgenomes, which led to the identification of 42 new candidate RiPP families that could not be found by existing programs. One of these was studied further and elucidated as a novel subfamily of lanthipeptides, designated Class V. Two previously unidentified modifying enzymes are proposed to create the hallmark lanthionine bridges. Taken together, our work highlights how novel natural product families can be discovered by methods going beyond sequence similarity searches to integrate multiple pathway discovery criteria.Code and data availabilityThe source code of DecRiPPter is freely available online athttps://github.com/Alexamk/decRiPPter. Results of the data analysis are available online athttp://www.bioinformatics.nl/~medem005/decRiPPter_strict/index.htmlandhttp://www.bioinformatics.nl/~medem005/decRiPPter_mild/index.html(for the strict and mild filters, respectively). All training data and code used to generate these, as well as outputs of the data analyses, are available on Zenodo atdoi:10.5281/zenodo.3834818.
Dynamic proteomics profiling ofLegionella pneumophilainfection unveils modulation of the host mitochondrial stress response pathway
Authors: Noack Julia , Jimenez-Morales David , Stevenson Erica , Moss Tom , Jang Gwendolyn , Krogan Nevan J. , Swaney Danielle L. , Mukherjee Shaeri 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThe human pathogenLegionella pneumophila (L.p.)secretes ~330 bacterial effector proteins into the host cell which interfere with numerous cellular pathways and often regulate host cell proteins through post-translational modifications. However, the cellular targets and functions of mostL.p.effectors are not known. In order to obtain a global overview of potential targets of these effectors, we analyzed the host cell proteome, ubiquitinome, and phosphoproteome duringL.p.infection. Our analysis reveals dramatic spatiotemporal changes in the host cell proteome that are dependent on the secretion of bacterial effectors. Strikingly, we show thatL.p.substantially reshapes the mitochondrial proteome and modulates mitochondrial stress response pathways such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of manipulation of the UPRmtby a bacterial pathogen in mammalian cells. In addition, we have identified a previously uncharacterizedL.p.effector that is targeted to host cell mitochondria and protects mitochondrial network integrity during mitochondrial stress.
Numerical solution of fractional Bratu–type BVPs: a generalized variational iteration approach
Authors: Assadi Reem , Khuri Suheil , Louhichi Issam 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to implement a newly introduced numerical scheme for the numerical solution of a class of nonlinear fractional Bratu-type boundary value problems (BVPs).

Design/methodology/approach
This strategy is based on a generalization of the variational iteration method (VIM). This proposed generalized VIM (GVIM) is particularly suitable for tackling BVPs.

Findings
This scheme yields accurate solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional Bratu-type BVPs, for which the errors are uniformly distributed across a given domain. A proof of convergence is included. The numerical results confirm that this approach overcomes the deficiency of the VIM and other methods that exist in the literature in the sense that the solution does not deteriorate as the authors move away from the initial starting point.

Originality/value
The method introduced is based on original research that produces new knowledge. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that this GVIM is applied to fractional BVPs.
A breakfast of champions: brand marketing lessons from the Great Depression
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether the behavior of brands during the Great Depression held lessons for the aftermath of the coronavirus pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of brand marketing and advertising from the 1920s and 1930s.

Findings
There are many learnings from the Great Depression that are instructive for today’s brand marketers dealing with COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications
The review of the literature is not comprehensive and the findings are subjective.

Practical implications
Today’s brands can learn a great deal from the 1930s such as to take advantage of opportunities and avoid mistakes in today’s difficult environment.

Social implications
By handling today’s challenges skillfully, brands can refresh relationships with consumers overwhelmed with choices.

Originality/value
Though there was some commentary on this subject following the Great Recession of 2009, there has been little written about the lessons in brand marketing in the current situation.
Assessment of heavy metals by ICP‐OES and their impact on insulin stimulating hormone and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Saba Shakil , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Rehman Kanwal , Saleem Uzma , Fiayyaz Fareeha , Ahmad Tanvir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) have recently emerged as major health concerns owing to their strong association with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate the heavy metals exposure towards incidence of DM at various enzymatic and hormonal levels. Additionally, association of As and Cd with Zinc (Zn, essential metal) was also evaluated. Spot urine samples were collected to assess As, Cd and Zn through ICP‐OES. Serum was analyzed by assay method for fasting blood glucose, liver and renal function biomarkers. ELISA was performed to investigate the impact of heavy metals on HbA1c, α‐amylase, DPP‐IV, IGF‐1, leptin, GSH, MDA, SOD, HDL, FFA, TG and interleukin (IL)‐6. Association of heavy metals with DM was measured by odds ratio (OR) and level of significance was assessed by Chi‐squared test. Unpaired student's t‐test was used to compare DM‐associated risk factors in heavy metals‐exposed and unexposed participants. As and Cd were detectable in 75.4% and 83% participants with mean concentration of 75.5 ppb and 54.5 ppb, respectively. For As exposure, OR in the third quartile was maximum ie 1.34 (95% CI, 0.80 to 2.23), however the result was not statistically significant (P > .05). For Cd exposure, OR in the fourth quartile was considerably high, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.61), with a significant probability value (P < .05). Urinary Cd was negatively associated with Zn. As and Cd exposure increases the incidence of DM in the general population. Impaired hormonal and enzymatic levels in diabetic and non‐diabetic exposed participants reflect the multiple organ damage by heavy metal exposure.
Directors of emergency medicine's beliefs about, barriers to, and enablers of solutions to emergency department crowding and access block
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Wilson Samuel , Judkins Simon , White Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify opportunities for directors of emergency medicine (DEMs) to lead change efforts to address ED crowding and access block.MethodsDEMs were surveyed about their beliefs about, barriers to, and enablers of solutions to ED crowding and access block.ResultsKey barriers were insufficient resources, entrenched hospital culture, and lack of political will to address ED crowding and access block. Key enablers were developing hospital‐wide understanding of the problems, developing a supportive hospital culture, and improved engagement by hospital executive.ConclusionAddressing the political and cultural forces that sustain ED crowding and access block are key adaptive challenges requiring DEM leadership.
Factors affecting the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of small (≤20 mm) pancreatic lesions
Authors: Li Hong Zhen , Peng Chun Yan , Shen Shan Shan , Wang Lei , Zhang Song , Xu Gui Fang , Kong Bo , Friess Helmut , Zou Xiao Ping , Lv Ying 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) for small, solid or semi‐solid pancreatic lesions (≤20 mm) and the factors affecting its accuracy.MethodsAltogether 92 patients with small, solid or semi‐solid pancreatic lesions who underwent EUS‐FNA at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from November 2009 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors affecting the accuracy of EUS‐FNA for detecting these lesions.ResultsAmong the 92 cases, 56 (60.9%) were diagnosed as having malignant lesions and 36 (39.1%) as benign lesions, respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS‐FNA for the diagnosis of small, solid or semi‐solid pancreatic lesions were 71.4%, 100% and 82.6%, respectively. When considering the impact of the presence of a tissue core on the diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS‐FNA with tissue core compared with those based on cytology alone were 77.3% vs 50.0%; 100% vs 100%; and 86.8% vs 62.5%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size (>15‐20 mm) (odds ratio [OR] 4.200, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21‐14.53, P = 0.023) and histologic diagnosis based on tissue core (OR 4.593, 95% CI 1.03‐20.47, P = 0.046) were related to a higher accuracy of EUS‐FNA. Adverse events were observed in three patients, all were treated conservatively and recovered within 3 days.ConclusionsEUS‐FNA is effective and safe for diagnosing small pancreatic lesions. Tumor size and presence of tissue core are related to higher accuracy of the EUS‐FNA.
Assessment of the efficiency of different control programs to reduce Trioza apicalis Först. (Triozidae: Hemiptera) feeding damage and the spread of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” on carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus L.)
Authors: Nissinen Anne I. , Pihlava Juha‐Matti , Latvala Satu , Jauhiainen Lauri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe control of carrot psyllid Trioza apicalis Förster largely relies on chemical measures, and the current integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is based on pest scouting. The number of active ingredients available for psyllid control will further decline in the coming years. The need for alternative control measures is therefore urgent. In this work the efficiency of different control programs including a kaolin particle film and plant‐derived, crude saponin extract, chemical control, insect net and IPM (kaolin in combination with insecticides) programs to reduce psyllid feeding damage, reproduction and the spread of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (CLso) in carrots was studied. Each year in 2016–2018, four replicates of each treatment were randomised in a row‐column design on a commercial carrot farm. After the treatments were executed, the psyllid nymphs and eggs were counted. At the harvest, the carrot roots and shoots were weighed, damages assessed, and samples were taken for CLso detection from 50 plants at each replicate. Kaolin treatment alone and in combination with insecticides effectively reduced the number of psyllid nymphs and eggs in all the years studied. Saponin was applied only on the first year, since it significantly increased the number of T. apicalis eggs compared to other treatments. The insect net was superior to other treatments in all the studied aspects in all the years. Under normal weather conditions, the highest root weight was harvested under the insect net, followed by the chemical control program consisting of pyrethroids, kaolin treatment, untreated control and saponin treatment. During extreme weather conditions, chemical control programs were not effective at protecting the carrots from psyllid feeding, which was reflected as low root yield. In all years, the carrot leaf damage percent negatively correlated with the root weight. Similarly, the shoot:root ratio increased as the leaf‐curling percentage rose, which was even pronounced under drought stress. The effect of climatic stress should be considered when developing IPM strategies.
Neuronal control of lipid metabolism by STR‐2 G protein‐coupled receptor promotes longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dixit Anubhuti , Sandhu Anjali , Modi Souvik , Shashikanth Meghana , Koushika Sandhya P. , Watts Jennifer L. , Singh Varsha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) encoding family of genes constitutes more than 6% of genes in Caenorhabditis elegans genome. GPCRs control behavior, innate immunity, chemotaxis, and food search behavior. Here, we show that C. elegans longevity is regulated by a chemosensory GPCR STR‐2, expressed in AWC and ASI amphid sensory neurons. STR‐2 function is required at temperatures of 20°C and higher on standard Escherichia coli OP50 diet. Under these conditions, this neuronal receptor also controls health span parameters and lipid droplet (LD) homeostasis in the intestine. We show that STR‐2 regulates expression of delta‐9 desaturases, fat‐5, fat‐6 and fat‐7, and of diacylglycerol acyltransferase dgat‐2. Rescue of the STR‐2 function in either AWC and ASI, or ASI sensory neurons alone, restores expression of fat‐5, dgat‐2 and restores LD stores and longevity. Rescue of stored fat levels of GPCR mutant animals to wild‐type levels, with low concentration of glucose, rescues its lifespan phenotype. In all, we show that neuronal STR‐2 GPCR facilitates control of neutral lipid levels and longevity in C. elegans.
The effects of morphine withdrawal and conditioned withdrawal on memory consolidation and c‐Fos expression in the central amygdala
Authors: Baidoo Nana , Wolter Michael , Holahan Matthew R. , Teale Tanisse , Winters Boyer , Leri Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current study tested the hypothesis that drug withdrawal contributes to the addiction cycle in part because of an action on memory consolidation. Hence, four experiments in male Sprague–Dawley rats compared the effects of precipitated morphine withdrawal and conditioned morphine withdrawal on the consolidation of object memory and on activation of c‐Fos in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). It was found that immediate, but not 6 h delayed, post sample administration of 3 mg/kg of naltrexone significantly enhanced object memory in rats maintained, or previously maintained, on 10 mg/kg/day of morphine via osmotic minipumps. To establish whether conditioned withdrawal could also alter object memory, a contextual conditioning procedure was employed whereby morphine‐maintained (10 mg/kg/day) animals received naltrexone (3 mg/kg) in a distinctive context (CS+) and vehicle in a separate context (CS−) for 10 days. During conditioning in the CS+, naltrexone suppressed locomotor activity, caused a rapid body weight loss and increased frequency of wet dog shakes. Interestingly, confinement to this CS+ immediately, but not 6 h, after the sample phase, also enhanced object memory. Finally, posttraining naltrexone and exposure to the CS+ both induced significant expression of c‐Fos in the CeA. Therefore, this study reports for the first time that both acute precipitated withdrawal and conditioned withdrawal can facilitate memory consolidation, possibly through a common neural pathway that involves the central amygdala.
Bank Liquidity Creation, Regulations, and Credit Risk
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Fen , Lee Chien‐Chiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study employs bank‐level data covering 3007 individual banks (commercial, savings, and others) in 27 Asian countries to investigate the determinants of bank liquidity creation, considering four conditional factors over the period 1999–2013: credit risk, deposit insurance, financial market regulations, and bank reforms. Bank liquidity creation is shown to be statistically and economically significantly positively related to real economic output, as well as illiquid assets and core deposits. Larger banks increase their liquid assets ratio, but decrease their credit commitment. Countries implementing an explicit deposit insurance scheme may lead to moral hazard and excessive bank risk taking. If supervisory authorities can force a bank to change its internal organizational structure, or have more power to take legal action against external auditors for negligence, or increase capital requirements, then banks generally reduce their lending activities. Nevertheless, larger banks are able to increase liquid assets and lending to those countries with stricter financial regulations.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in obstetrical and gynecological diseases
Authors: Zheng Zi‐Meng , Yang Hui‐Li , Lai Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Cheng‐Jie , Yang Shao‐Liang , Li Ming‐Qing , Shao Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid‐origin cells which have immunosuppressive activities in several conditions, such as cancer and inflammation. Recent research has also associated MDSCs with numerous obstetrical and gynecological diseases. During pregnancy, MDSCs accumulate to ensure maternal‐fetal immune tolerance, whereas they are decreased in patients who suffer from early miscarriage or pre‐eclampsia. While the etiology of endometriosis is still unknown, abnormal accumulation of MDSCs in the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid, alongside an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been observed in these patients, which is central to the cellular immune regulations by MDSCs. Additionally, the regulation of MDSCs observed in tumours is also applicable to gynecologic neoplasms, including ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. More recently, emerging evidence has shown that there are high levels of MDSCs in premature ovarian failure (POF) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this review, the generation and mechanisms of MDSCs are summarized. In particular, the modulation of these cells in immune‐related obstetrical and gynecological diseases is discussed, including potential treatment options targeting MDSCs.
C‐reactive protein may rise after closed‐suction drainage removal in patients undergoing revision arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Chi , Sun Yun‐Ming , Chai Wei , Chen Ji‐Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerum C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been one of the most commonly used markers to rule out early post‐operative infection following total joint arthroplasty. The phenomenon that CRP values rise after prolonged drainage removal may occur in clinical settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate (i) the prevalence and risk factors of such a phenomenon and (ii) whether the raised CRP is associated with post‐operative infection.MethodsA retrospective review of 72 revision arthroplasties of the knee and hip with prolonged drainage from 2011 to 2016 was conducted. Perioperative CRP levels were obtained, and patients were divided into two groups according to whether CRP levels were elevated after drainage removal (raised CRP group and control group). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors of raised CRP after drainage removal. The incidence of post‐operative wound complications and infection was compared between groups.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of raised CRP after drainage removal was 29.17% (21/72). CRP level before drainage removal was associated with the occurrence of such a phenomenon (adjusted odds ratio per 10‐mg/L increase 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.97). The raised CRP levels decrease again within 3 days after drainage removal. There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound complications and infection between the raised CRP group and control group.ConclusionAlmost one in three patients have raised CRP values after prolonged drainage removal following revision arthroplasty. However, CRP values can decrease again within 3 days after drainage removal without specific management.Almost one in three patients have raised C‐reactive protein values after prolonged drainage removal following revision arthroplasty. However, C‐reactive protein values can decrease again within 3 days after drainage removal without specific management. Surgeons should remember that such a phenomenon may be not be a proxy for post‐operative infection following revision arthroplasty.