bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of overlapping peaks of Pb and As spectrum based on a chaotic particle swarm optimization–Gaussian mixture statistical model
Authors: Wu Xijun , Zhang Jie , Zhao Xueliang , Xiao Chunyan , Shi Yanxin , Li Shaohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnergy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been effectively applied to detect heavy metals in soil because of its fast detection speed, low cost, and high accuracy. However, overlapping peaks appear in the detection of some heavy metals, such as Pb and As, resulting in significant errors in the detection. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately predict the content of heavy metals in soil. To solve this problem, a Gaussian mixture statistical model (GMSM) is applied based on physical characteristics randomly formed by X‐rays combined with statistical ideas. Subsequently, when estimating the parameters of the GMSM, performing particle swarm optimization (PSO) causes the parameters to fall into the local optima easily. Chaos theory is introduced to the PSO algorithm to promote its weight update strategy, and the chaotic PSO (CPSO) with an anti‐premature mechanism is proposed to achieve global convergence. When using CPSO‐GMSM to analyze the overlapping peaks, the relative error compared with the actual single metal sample is less than 0.0693, and the error compared with the actual characteristic peak position is less than 0.0133. The overlapping peaks are corrected effectively, providing a foundation for the accurate quantitative analysis of heavy metals in soil.
Dynamische Prozesssimulation als Werkzeug in der Sicherheitsanalyse
Authors: Hecht Corinna , Rix Armin , Paul Niklas , Zitzewitz Philip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDynamische Simulationen gewinnen an Bedeutung zur Unterstützung von Sicherheitsanalysen, da sie es erlauben, nichtlineare dynamische Zusammenhänge auch über die Grenzen individueller Apparate oder Prozesseinheiten hinweg transparent zu machen und die Effektivität von Gegenmaßnahmen zu quantifizieren. Sie leisten einen Beitrag zum Design wirksamer Absicherungskonzepte und helfen so, übermäßig konservative Auslegungen zu vermeiden. Der ausreichende Geltungsbereich fluiddynamischer Modelle aus Programm‐Bibliotheken ist zu validieren. Hier sind oft Modellerweiterungen nötig.
“A Change Would Do You Good”: How HR practices can promote change‐championing behaviour in police organizations
Authors: Kalyal Hina , Grabarski Mirit K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current study attempts to determine whether HR practices such as job autonomy, training, and organizational support in terms of rewards are related to positive change behaviours toward the community policing program among first‐line police officers. We also test the role of affective commitment and change‐related self‐efficacy as mediators of these relationships. Based on a survey of 476 officers in a large police department in the United States, our results show that affective commitment to change emerged as a mediator while the mediating effect of change‐related self‐efficacy was not significant. The study has important implications for HR and for implementing change programs in police organizations globally and in Canada.
Comparison of high‐power short‐duration and low‐power long‐duration radiofrequency ablation for treating atrial fibrillation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chao‐feng , Wu Jing , Jin Chao‐lun , Liu Mei‐jun , Xu Yi‐zhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh power shorter duration (HPSD) ablation seen to increase efficacy and safety treating of atrial fibrillation (AF); however, comparative data between HPSD and low power longer duration (LPLD) ablation are limited.HypothesisWe thought that HPSD might bring more clinical benefits. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical benefits of HPSD in patients with AF.MethodsThe Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing HPSD and LPLD ablation.ResultsTen trials with 2467 patients were included in the analysis. Pooled analyses demonstrated that HPSD showed a benefit of first‐pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (risk ratio [RR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10‐1.31, P < .001) and recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58‐0.91, P = .005). Additionally, HPSD could reduce procedural time (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −42.93; 95% CI, −58.10 to −27.75, P < .001), ablation time (WMD: −21.01; 95% CI: −24.55 to −17.47, P < .001), and fluoroscopy time (WMD: −4.11; 95% CI: −6.78 to −1.45, P < .001). Moreover, major complications and esophageal thermal injury (ETI) were similar between two groups (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.44‐1.30, P = .31) and (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.21‐1.51, P = .26).ConclusionsHPSD was safe and efficient for treating AF. Compared with LPLD, HPSD was associated with advantages of procedural features, higher first‐pass PVI and reducing recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Moreover, major complications and ETI were similar between two groups.
Activity of sirolimus in patients with progressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A case‐series analysis within the Italian Rare Cancer Network
Authors: Stacchiotti Silvia , Simeone Noemi , Lo Vullo Salvatore , Baldi Giacomo G. , Brunello Antonella , Vincenzi Bruno , Palassini Elena , Dagrada GianPaolo , Collini Paola , Morosi Carlo , Greco Francesca G. , Sbaraglia Marta , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Mariani Luigi , Frezza Anna Maria , Casali Paolo G. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to report on a retrospective series of patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) who received treatment with sirolimus within the Italian Rare Cancer Network.MethodsFrom January 2005, 38 adult patients with advanced EHE received continuous‐dosing sirolimus, 5 mg daily, until they developed either toxicity or disease progression. Disease progression in the 6 months before the start of treatment was required. Each pathologic diagnosis was reviewed. The daily dose of sirolimus was adjusted based on plasma levels. Response was retrospectively assessed by local investigators using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsAll 38 patients (WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 [WWTR1]‐positive, n = 37; transcription factor E3 [TFE3]‐positive, n = 1) had disease progression before starting sirolimus (at baseline, 13 of 38 patients had the presence of serosal effusions and systemic symptoms). Thirty‐seven patients were evaluable for response (there was 1 early interruption). The best RECIST responses were a partial response in 4 patients (10.8%), stable disease in 28 patients (75.7%), and disease progression in 5 patients (13.5%). At a 41.5‐month median follow‐up (interquartile range [IQR], 23.9‐56.8 months), the median PFS was 13 months (95% CI, 3.7 months to not estimated [NE]), and the median OS was 18.8 months (95% CI, 10.6 months to NE). In patients who had serosal effusions at baseline, the median PFS was 4.8 months (IQR, 3.5‐11.7 months), and the median OS was 10.6 months (IQR, 5.1‐13.0 months), compared with 47.8 months (IQR, 11.4 months to NE) and 47.8 months (IQR, 15.7 months to NE), respectively, in patients without serosal effusions. Overall, sirolimus was fairly well tolerated, with 10 patients reporting irregular menstruation/ovary disfunction.ConclusionsThe current results confirm that sirolimus is active in EHE, leading to prolonged stabilization in most patients who present without serosal effusions. Serosal effusions are confirmed as an unfavorable prognostic sign associated with short survival, and sirolimus displays limited activity in this subgroup.
The cost‐effectiveness of treating childhood cancer in 4 centers across sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Githang’a Jessie , Brown Biobele , Chitsike Inam , Schroeder Kristin , Chekwenda‐Makore Nester , Majahasi Flora , Ogundoyin Olakayode , Renner Lorna , Petricca Kadia , Denburg Avram E. , Horton Sue E. , Gupta Sumit 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe treatment of childhood cancer often is assumed to be costly in African settings, thereby limiting advocacy and policy efforts. The authors determined the cost and cost‐effectiveness of maintaining childhood cancer centers across 4 hospitals throughout sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWithin hospitals representing 4 countries (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe), cost was determined either retrospectively or prospectively for all inputs related to operating a pediatric cancer unit (eg, laboratory costs, medications, and salaries). Cost‐effectiveness was calculated based on the annual number of newly diagnosed patients, survival rates, and life expectancy.ResultsCost per new diagnosis ranged from $2400 to $31,000, attributable to variances with regard to center size, case mix, drug prices, admission practices, and the treatment abandonment rate, which also affected survival. The most expensive cost input was found to be associated with medication in Kenya, and medical personnel in the other 3 centers. The cost per disability‐adjusted life‐year averted ranged from 0.3 to 3.6 times the per capita gross national income. Childhood cancer treatment therefore was considered to be very cost‐effective by World Health Organization standards in 2 countries and cost‐effective in 1 additional country. In all centers, abandonment of treatment was common; modeling exercises suggested that public funding of treatment, additional psychosocial personnel, and modifications of inpatient policies would increase survival rates while maintaining or even improving cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsAcross various African countries, childhood cancer treatment units represent cost‐effective interventions. Cost‐effectiveness can be increased through the control of drug prices, appropriate policy environments, and decreasing the rate of treatment abandonment. These results will inform national childhood cancer strategies across Africa.
Kinetics of Drug Release via Nicardipine Hydrochloride‐loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) Nanocarriers Using a Contemporary Emulsion Process
Authors: Soomherun Nopparuj , Kreua‐ongarjnukool Narumol , Niyomthai Saowapa Thumsing , Chumnanvej Sorayouth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA contemporary synthesis of polymeric nanocarriers based on drug delivery systems was employed using a water in oil in water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion process to develop nicardipine hydrochloride‐loaded carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (NCH‐CMC/PLGA) nanocarriers. The optimal synthesis of the nanocarriers was studied, including polymer amount, cross‐linker concentration, and emulsifier concentration. The synthesized nanocarriers were smaller than ∼169 nm and showed a drug encapsulation of more than 80% and a yield of 51% to 73%. The NCH‐CMC/PLGA nanocarriers presented good stability in aqueous dispersion for 10 days. Controlled drug release from the nanocarriers was slow and continuous for up to 16 days. The nanocarriers protected the drug against degradation and maintained therapeutic drug concentrations. In addition, the transport of drug release was studied via five conventional mathematical modelings such as Zero‐order model, First‐order model, Hixson‐Crowell model, Higuchi model, and Korsmeyer‐Peppas model. The Korsmeyer‐Peppas model was fitted to achieve mathematical modeling for the optimized formulation of nanocarriers. Moreover, significant cytocompatibility was observed at all tested doses of NCH‐CMC/PLGA nanocarriers. The NCH‐CMC/PLGA nanocarriers could be an effective drug delivery agent for calcium channel blockers.
Large‐Scale Analyticity and Unique Continuation for Periodic Elliptic Equations
Authors: Armstrong Scott , Kuusi Tuomo , Smart Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove that a solution of an elliptic operator with periodic coefficients behaves on large scales like an analytic function in the sense of approximation by polynomials with periodic corrections. Equivalently, the constants in the large‐scale Ck, 1 estimate scale exponentially in k, just as for the classical estimate for harmonic functions, and the minimal scale grows at most linearly in k. As a consequence, we characterize entire solutions of periodic, uniformly elliptic equations that exhibit growth like O(exp(δ| x| )) for small δ > 0. The large‐scale analyticity also implies quantitative unique continuation results, namely a three‐ball theorem with an optimal error term as well as a proof of the nonexistence of L2 eigenfunctions at the bottom of the spectrum. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A High‐Order Integral Equation‐Based Solver for the Time‐Dependent Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Kaye Jason , Barnett Alex , Greengard Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce a numerical method for the solution of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation with a smooth potential, based on its reformulation as a Volterra integral equation. We present versions of the method both for periodic boundary conditions, and for free space problems with compactly supported initial data and potential. A spatially uniform electric field may be included, making the solver applicable to simulations of light‐matter interaction.The primary computational challenge in using the Volterra formulation is the application of a spacetime history dependent integral operator. This may be accomplished by projecting the solution onto a set of Fourier modes, and updating their coefficients from one time step to the next by a simple recurrence. In the periodic case, the modes are those of the usual Fourier series, and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to alternate between physical and frequency domain grids. In the free space case, the oscillatory behavior of the spectral Green's function leads us to use a set of complex‐frequency Fourier modes obtained by discretizing a contour deformation of the inverse Fourier transform, and we develop a corresponding fast transform based on the FFT.Our approach is related to pseudospectral methods, but applied to an integral rather than the usual differential formulation. This has several advantages: it avoids the need for artificial boundary conditions, admits simple, inexpensive, high‐order implicit time marching schemes, and naturally includes time‐dependent potentials. We present examples in one and two dimensions showing spectral accuracy in space and eighth‐order accuracy in time for both periodic and free space problems. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Open‐Globe Porcine Injury Platform for Assessing Therapeutics and Characterizing Biological Effects
Authors: Snider Eric J. , Edsall Peter R. , Cornell Lauren E. , Gross Brandon M. , Butler Jacinque J. , Zawacki Molly , Boice Emily N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpen‐globe injuries can result in permanent vision loss, partly due to extended delays between injury and medical intervention. Even with early intervention, the management of open‐globe injuries remains a challenge for ophthalmologists, mostly due to inadequate or suboptimal current therapies. To aid in the development of novel therapeutics and track toxicological and pathophysiological changes, this article details an open‐globe injury platform capable of inducing injuries in enucleated porcine eyes. The injury platform relies on a high‐speed solenoid device to mimic explosive injury scenarios, allowing for large, complex injury shapes and sizes that are often observed in casualties and are more difficult to treat. The system can be implemented with precise computer control of the injury mechanism to allow for more complex setups. Also, the system can make use of real‐time intraocular pressure measurement to track changes during injury induction and to assess therapeutic efficacy for restoring intraocular pressure and the integrity of the eye. These protocols will assist with implementation of the injury model in prospective laboratories seeking to develop therapeutics or studying biological changes that occur from this type of traumatic injury. Published 2020. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: Preparing gelatin molds and porcine eye tissueBasic Protocol 2: Creating an open‐globe injury using a solenoid deviceAlternate Protocol 1: Constructing a computer‐controlled system for open‐globe injuryAlternate Protocol 2: Constructing a pressure measurement system for tracking intraocular pressureSupport Protocol 1: Assessing ocular compliance in porcine eyesSupport Protocol 2: Assessing outflow rate from the anterior chamberSupport Protocol 3: Assessing burst pressure in porcine eyes
Highly Efficient and Selective CO2Electro‐Reduction to HCOOH on Sn Particle‐Decorated Polymeric Carbon Nitride
Authors: Tian Jianjian , Wang Min , Shen Meng , Ma Xia , Hua Zile , Zhang Lingxia , Shi Jianlin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2into liquid fuels by efficient and earth‐abundant catalysts is of broad interest but remains a great challenge in renewable energy production and environmental remediation. Herein, a Sn particle‐decorated polymeric carbon nitride (CN) electrocatalyst was successfully developed for efficient, durable, and highly selective CO2reduction to formic acid. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the metallic Sn particles and CN matrix are bound by strong chemical interaction, rendering the composite catalyst a stable structure. More notably, the electronic structure of Sn was well tuned to be highly electron‐rich due to the electron transfer from N atoms of CN to Sn atoms via metal‐support interactions, which favored the adsorption and activation of CO2molecules, promoted charge transport, and thus enhanced the electrochemical conversion of CO2. The composite electrocatalyst demonstrated an excellent Faradaic efficiency of formic acid (FEHCOOH) up to 96±2 % at the potential of −0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, which remained at above 92 % during the electrochemical reaction of 10 h, indicating that the present Sn particle‐decorated polymeric carbon nitride electrocatalyst is among the best in comparison with reported Sn‐based electrocatalysts.
Bourdieu and position‐making in a changing field: Enactment of the national curriculum in Australia
Authors: Musofer Reshma Parveen , Lingard Bob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper draws on Bourdieu's theorising (particularly habitus and field) to think about position‐making of teachers in respect of the early enactment of the Australian Curriculum. Position‐making, a concept developed from the analysis proffered, can be contrasted with the more common practice of position‐taking endemic in a relatively stable field. Position‐making is an ongoing phenomenon in a changing field when the habitus is out of place, here the field of the new Australian Curriculum, creating the effect of what Bourdieu sees as hysteresis. This paper explores the positioning and re‐positioning of agents (teachers and school leaders) due to an external change (the Australian curriculum) in the schooling field. Data for this study were collected from a middle‐class state high school in Brisbane Australia, which was an early adopter of the new Australian Curriculum. The initial enactment phase of curriculum change was an unsettling one that (re)positioned agents—hence, the concept of position‐making, which is a contribution to Bourdieu's theoretical resources and which complements the idea of policy enactment as opposed to policy implementation. Both allow some agency in mediation of mandated changes in the specific contexts of schools and teacher/leader habitus.
Ranking buffel: Comparative risk and mitigation costs of key environmental and socio‐cultural threats in central Australia
Authors: Read John L. , Firn Jennifer , Grice Anthony C. , Murphy Rachel , Ryan‐Colton Ellen , Schlesinger Christine A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanged fire regimes and the introduction of rabbits, cats, foxes, and large exotic herbivores have driven widespread ecological catastrophe in Australian arid and semi‐arid zones, which encompass over two‐thirds of the continent. These threats have caused the highest global mammal extinction rates in the last 200 years, as well as significantly undermining social, economic, and cultural practices of Aboriginal peoples of this region. However, a new and potentially more serious threat is emerging. Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is a globally significant invader now widespread across central Australia, but the threat this ecological transformer species poses to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and culture has received relatively little attention. Our analyses suggest threats from buffel grass in arid and semi‐arid areas of Australia are at least equivalent in magnitude to those posed by invasive animals and possibly higher, because unlike these more recognized threats, buffel has yet to occupy its potential distribution. Buffel infestation also increases the intensity and frequency of wildfires that affect biodiversity, cultural pursuits, and productivity. We compare the logistical and financial challenges of creating and maintaining areas free of buffel for the protection of biodiversity and cultural values, with the creation and maintenance of refuges from introduced mammals or from large‐scale fire in natural habitats. The scale and expense of projected buffel management costs highlight the urgent policy, research, and financing initiatives essential to safeguard threatened species, ecosystems, and cultural values of Aboriginal people in central Australia.
9‐cis Retinoic acid and 1.25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 drive differentiation into IgA+ secreting plasmablasts in human naïve B cells
Authors: Treptow Sandra , Grün Joachim , Scholz Josephine , Radbruch Andreas , Heine Guido , Worm Margitta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCalcitriol and 9‐cis retinoic acid (9cRA) play a fundamental role in shaping the adaptive immune response by altering the Ig profile and the differentiation of B cells, controlled by their corresponding nuclear receptors, VDR and RAR. Herein, after the establishment of a plasmablast differentiation culture, we investigated how both ligands modulate human naïve B cell differentiation and to which extent VDR/RXR and RAR/RXR signaling interferes.Calcitriol and 9cRA mediated activation of purified naïve B cells resulted in a strong differentiation of CD27+ CD38+ plasmablasts and antibody secretion. The significant IgA response was preceded by a strong induction of α‐germline transcription (GLT). Induction of αGLT and consecutively IgA secretion driven by calcitriol is a novel observation and we show by magnetic chromatin IP that this was mediated by recruitment of the VDR to the TGF‐β promoter thus inducing TGF‐β expression. Finally, as revealed by transcriptomic profiling calcitriol and 9cRA modulate several signals required for differentiation and isotype switching in a noncompeting but rather additive manner. Calcitriol and 9cRA participate in the control of the IgA response in human activated naïve B cells. The balance between both ligands may be an important factor in channeling humoral immune responses toward a protective direction.