bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of corneal thickness and optical density after laser in situ keratomileusis versus small incision lenticule extraction for myopia correction
Authors: Alio del Barrio Jorge Luis , Parafita-Fernandez Alberto , Canto-Cerdan Mario , Alio Jorge L , Teus Miguel 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo compare the thickness and stromal optical density (OD) evolution of the flap and cap after femtosecond (FS-LASIK; Visumax) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), respectively, for myopia correction.MethodsA prospective study comprising 78 eyes (n=39 per group) was performed. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (MS39) images were collected at each postoperative visit (1 day, 1 week and 1 and 3 months) and flap/cap thicknesses were measured. Using ImageJ software, three regions were defined to measure OD (in grayscale units: flap/cap stroma, residual stromal bed (RSB) and all stroma (including flap/cap-stroma, surgical interface and RSB).ResultsMean central thickness significantly increased during the 3-month follow-up in both LASIK (5.43±4.23 μm; p=0.0118) and SMILE (2.76±5.61 μm; p=0.0118), with differences between both techniques statistically significant (p=0.020). All OD values showed a statistically significant reduction during SMILE follow-up: cap 48.96±5.55 versus 44.95±5.41 (p=0.19×10−6), RSB 50.26±7.06 versus 45.42±7.53 (p=0.00005), total stroma 50.34±6.49 versus 45.46±6.96 (p=0.5×10−5) at 1 day and 3 months, respectively, whereas no statistically significant changes were found during LASIK follow-up. No significant differences were observed in OD values between both techniques at any time point, although SMILE showed a tendency for higher OD values than LASIK within the first postoperative month. Visumax presented a tendency for thicker caps than target (11.48±7.85 μm), but not for flaps (2.73±8.93 μm) (p=0.00003).ConclusionsBoth LASIK flaps and SMILE caps show a significant postoperative rethickening. SMILE corneas present higher optical densities than LASIK corneas in the early postoperative period, with a significant decrease thereafter and up to 3 months. These findings correlate with the delayed visual recovery observed after SMILE.
Increased risk of cancer in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a 12-year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Cho Joon Hee , Byun Seong Jun , Oh Chang-Mo , Park Kyu Hyung , Park Sang Jun 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo investigate the association between incident retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and the subsequent development of cancer.MethodsIn this nationwide population-based retrospective study using 2002–2013 National Health Insurance Service database which covers the entire South Korean population, 186 701 incident RVO patients and their 1:1 propensity-score matched controls were included. We defined the fixed cohort from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2013; the cohort included patients who suffered incident RVO after entering the cohort and their matched controls, and excluded patients having any cancer history before entering the cohort. The association of RVO and cancer was assessed by time-varying covariate Cox regression models; Model 1 included RVO as a time-varying covariate, Model 2 included Model 1 plus demographic information and Model 3 included Model 2 and comorbidities.ResultsRVO was associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.26–1.31 in Model 1), which was consistent in Models 2 and 3. The incidence rate of overall cancer during the study period was 25.55 (95% CI, 25.19–25.91) per 1000 person-years in the RVO group and 18.62 (95% CI, 18.46–18.79) per 1000 person-years in the control group. In the subgroup analysis, haematological malignancies showed the highest association with RVO (HR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.49–1.83).ConclusionPatients with RVO have an increased risk of subsequent cancer development even after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. Further study is warranted to elucidate these associations to provide proper recommendations for RVO patients regarding the cancer screening.
Presumed retinal pericapillary astrocytic hamartoma: multimodal imaging findings of a novel hamartomatous lesion
Authors: Ledesma-Gil Gerardo , Essilfie Juliet , Onishi Alex , Wald Kenneth J , Fisher Yale L , Fawzi Amani A , Shields Carol L , Freund K Bailey , Chhablani Jay 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo describe the multimodal imaging findings of retinal lesions that clinically resemble retinal astrocytic hamartomas (RAHs), but also have unique characteristics that we believe represent a novel variant.MethodsObservational study. Five eyes in five patients with solitary retinal lesion evaluated at the retina division of three institutions. We describe the multimodal imaging findings including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), swept-source OCT, swept-source OCT angiography and ultrasonography.ResultsThe retinal lesions described shared similar appearance to RAHs but demonstrated unique features such as glistening granular appearance on fundus photographs with perivascular hyperreflectivity with OCT and OCT angiography.ConclusionThe lesions described herein appear to have unique characteristics that warrant a designation as a novel RAH variant. The name presumed retinal pericapillary astrocytic hamartoma is suggested.
Effect of nalfurafine hydrochloride in patients with chronic liver
disease with refractory pruritus on sleep disorders: a study protocol for
single-arm, prospective, interventional study
Authors: Yoh Kazunori , Nishikawa Hiroki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Iwata Yoshinori , Ishii Akio , Yuri Yukihisa , Ishii Noriko , Miyamoto Yuho , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Nakano Chikage , Takata Ryo , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Takashima Tomoyuki , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Chronic liver disease (CLD)-related pruritus manifests as
cholestasis symptoms, which can cause severe itches in the whole body
and significantly decrease quality of daily activities and sleep. The
actigram, which documents movement by means of an accelerometer, has
been demonstrated to be useful for assessing sleep quality. Nalfurafine
hydrochloride, which is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, exerts
its antipruritic efficacies through a novel mechanism. We aimed to
prospectively examine the effect of nalfurafine hydrochloride on sleep
quality for patients with CLD with pruritus utilising actigram.

Methods and analysis
This study will be a single-centre, prospective, interventional,
single-arm study. Our study participants are subjects whose pruritus was
confirmed to be uncontrollable by antihistamines or antiallergics within
6 months before informed consent (IC). Evaluation time points using
actigram will be (1) before administration of testing drug; (2) after
1 week; (3) after 4 weeks (primary endpoint); and (4) every 4 weeks
thereafter. The follow-up period will be 6 months. We will prospectively
assess and compare changes in sleep quality in patients with CLD with
pruritus undergoing nalfurafine hydrochloride therapy using actigram.
Quantitative variables will be compared by paired t-test.

Ethics and dissemination
This study has received approval from the Institutional Review Board
at Hyogo College of Medicine (approval no 2325). The study protocol, IC
form and other documents were reviewed and approved. Final data will be
publicly disseminated regardless of the results. A report releasing
study results will be submitted in an appropriate journal.

Trial registration number
UMIN000028161; Pre-results.
Effectiveness of implementing a best practice primary healthcare model for low back pain (BetterBack) compared with current routine care in the Swedish context: an internal pilot study informed protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial
Authors: Abbott Allan , Schröder Karin , Enthoven Paul , Nilsen Per , Öberg Birgitta 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is a major health problem commonly requiring healthcare. In Sweden, there is a call from healthcare practitioners (HCPs) for the development, implementation and evaluation of a best practice primary healthcare model for LBP.Aims(1) To improve and understand the mechanisms underlying changes in HCP confidence, attitudes and beliefs for providing best practice coherent primary healthcare for patients with LBP; (2) to improve and understand the mechanisms underlying illness beliefs, self-care enablement, pain, disability and quality of life in patients with LBP; and (3) to evaluate a multifaceted and sustained implementation strategy and the cost-effectiveness of the BetterBack☺ model of care (MOC) for LBP from the perspective of the Swedish primary healthcare context.MethodsThis study is an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial testing the hypothesised superiority of the BetterBack☺ MOC compared with current routine care. The trial involves simultaneous testing of MOC effects at the HCP, patient and implementation process levels. This involves a prospective cohort study investigating implementation at the HCP level and a patient-blinded, pragmatic, cluster, randomised controlled trial with longitudinal follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months post baseline for effectiveness at the patient level. A parallel process and economic analysis from a healthcare sector perspective will also be performed. Patients will be allocated to routine care (control group) or the BetterBack☺ MOC (intervention group) according to a stepped cluster dogleg structure with two assessments in routine care. Experimental conditions will be compared and causal mediation analysis investigated. Qualitative HCP and patient experiences of the BetterBack☺ MOC will also be investigated.DisseminationThe findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Further national dissemination and implementation in Sweden and associated national quality register data collection are potential future developments of the project.Date and version identifier13 December 2017, protocol version 3.Trial registration numberNCT03147300 Pre-results.
Impact of breastfeeding, maternal antiretroviral treatment and health service factors on 18-month vertical transmission of HIV and HIV-free survival: results from a nationally representative HIV-exposed infant cohort, South Africa
Authors: Goga Ameena Ebrahim , Lombard Carl , Jackson Debra , Ramokolo Vundli , Ngandu Nobubelo Kwanele , Sherman Gayle , Puren Adrian , Chirinda Witness , Bhardwaj Sanjana , Makhari Nobuntu , Ramraj Trisha , Magasana Vuyolwethu , Singh Yagespari , Pillay Yogan , Dinh Thu-Ha 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWe analysed the impact of breastfeeding, antiretroviral drugs and health service factors on cumulative (6 weeks to 18 months) vertical transmission of HIV (MTCT) and ‘MTCT-or-death’, in South Africa, and compared estimates with global impact criteria to validate MTCT elimination: (1) <5% final MTCT and (2) case rate ≤50 (new paediatric HIV infections/100 000 live births).Methods9120 infants aged 6 weeks were enrolled in a nationally representative survey. Of 2811 HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU), 2644 enrolled into follow-up (at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis and weighted survey domain-based Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated cumulative risk of MTCT and ‘MTCT or death’ and risk factors for time-to-event outcomes, adjusting for study design and loss-to-follow-up.ResultsCumulative (final) MTCT was 4.3% (95% CI 3.7% to 5.0%); case rate was 1290. Postnatal MTCT (>6 weeks to 18 months) was 1.7% (95% CI 1.2% to 2.4%). Cumulative ‘MTCT-or-death’ was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5% to 7.3%); 81% and 62% of cumulative MTCT and ‘MTCT-or-death’, respectively, occurred by 6 months. Postnatal MTCT increased with unknown maternal CD4-cell-count (adjusted HR (aHR 2.66 (1.5–5.6)), undocumented maternal HIV status (aHR 2.21 (1.0–4.7)) and exclusive (aHR 2.3 (1.0–5.2)) or mixed (aHR 3.7 (1.2–11.4)) breastfeeding. Cumulative ‘MTCT-or death’ increased in households with ‘no refrigerator’ (aHR 1.7 (1.1–2.9)) and decreased if infants used nevirapine at 6 weeks (aHR 0.4 (0.2–0.9)).ConclusionsWhile the <5% final MTCT target was met, the case rate was 25-times above target. Systems are needed in the first 6 months post-delivery to optimise HEU health and fast-track ART initiation in newly diagnosed mothers.
Dynamical description of a quintom cosmological model nonminimally coupled with gravity
Authors: Marciu Mihai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we have studied a cosmological model based on a quintom dark energy model non-minimally coupled with gravity, endowed with a specific potential energy of the exponential squared type. For this specific type of potential energy and non-minimal coupling, the dynamical properties are analyzed and the corresponding cosmological effects are discussed. Considering the linear stability method, we have investigated the dynamical properties of the phase space structure, determining the physically acceptable solutions. The analysis showed that in this model we can have various cosmological epochs, corresponding to radiation, matter domination, and de Sitter eras. Each solution is investigated from a physical and cosmological point of view, obtaining possible constraints of the model’s parameters. In principle the present cosmological setup represent a possible viable scalar tensor theory which can explain various transitional effects related to the behavior of the dark energy equation of state and the evolution of the Universe at large scales.
Exploring the potentiality of standard sirens to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts
Authors: Fu Xiangyun , Yang Jianfei , Chen Zhaoxia , Zhou Lu , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, using the Gaussian process, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) measurements to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts through comparing its opacity-free luminosity distance (LD) with the opacity-dependent one from the combination of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GW data, SNIa and GRB data are simulated from the measurements of the future Einstein Telescope, the actual Pantheon compilation and the latest observation of GRBs compiled by Amati et al, respectively. A nonparametric method is proposed to probe the spatial homogeneity of cosmic transparency at high redshift by comparing the LD reconstructed from the GW data with that reconstructed from the Pantheon and GRB data. In addition, the cosmic opacity is tested by using the parametrization for the optical depth, and the results show that the constraints on cosmic opacity are more stringent than the previous ones. It shows that the future GW measurements may be used as an important tool to probe the cosmic opacity in the high redshift region.
Resolution of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Bevacizumab-Treated Breast Tumors by Eigenspectra Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Liapis Evangelos , Klemm Uwe , Karlas Angelos , Reber Josefine , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Understanding temporal and spatial hemodynamic heterogeneity as a function of tumor growth or therapy affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we employed eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) as a next-generation optoacoustic method to impart high accuracy in resolving tumor hemodynamics during bevacizumab therapy in two types of breast cancer xenografts (KPL-4 and MDA-MB-468). Patterns of tumor total hemoglobin concentration (THb) and oxygen saturation (sO2) were imaged in control and bevacizumab-treated tumors over the course of 58 days (KPL-4) and 16 days (MDA-MB-468), and the evolution of functional vasculature “normalization” was resolved macroscopically. An initial sharp drop in tumor sO2 and THb content shortly after the initiation of bevacizumab treatment was followed by a recovery in oxygenation levels. Rim–core subregion analysis revealed steep spatial oxygenation gradients in growing tumors that were reduced after bevacizumab treatment. Critically, eMSOT imaging findings were validated directly by histopathologic assessment of hypoxia (pimonidazole) and vascularity (CD31). These data demonstrate how eMSOT brings new abilities for accurate observation of entire tumor responses to challenges at spatial and temporal dimensions not available by other techniques today.

Significance:
Accurate assessment of hypoxia and vascularization over space and time is critical for understanding tumor development and the role of spatial heterogeneity in tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to treatment.
PKCϵ Is Required for KRAS-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Garg Rachana , Cooke Mariana , Benavides Fernando , Abba Martín C. , Cicchini Michelle , Feldser David M. , Kazanietz Marcelo G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer and remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS is the prevailing oncogenic driver of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histologic form of NSCLC. In this study, we examined the role of PKCε, an oncogenic kinase highly expressed in NSCLC and other cancers, in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Database analysis revealed an association between PKCε expression and poor outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma specifically harboring KRAS mutations. A PKCε-deficient, conditionally activatable allele of oncogenic Kras (LSL-KrasG12D;PKCε−/− mice) demonstrated the requirement of PKCε for Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo, which was consistent with impaired transformed growth reported in PKCε-deficient KRAS-dependent NSCLC cells. Moreover, PKCε-knockout mice were found to be less susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogen that induces mutations in Kras. Mechanistic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed little overlap for PKCε and KRAS in the control of genes and biological pathways relevant in NSCLC, suggesting that a permissive role of PKCε in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis may involve nonredundant mechanisms. Our results thus, highlight the relevance and potential of targeting PKCε for lung cancer therapeutics.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate that KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis requires PKCε expression and highlight the potential for developing PKCε-targeted therapies for oncogenic RAS-driven malignancies.
Daily Physical Activity and Symptom Reporting in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: An Intensive Longitudinal Examination
Authors: Phillips Siobhan M. , Welch Whitney A. , Fanning Jason , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Gavin Kara L. , Auster-Gussman Lisa A. , Solk Payton , Lu Marilyn , Cullather Erin , Khan Seema A. , Kulkarni Swati A. , Gradishar William , Siddique Juned 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Increased activity is beneficial during chemotherapy, but treatment-related symptoms may be a barrier. This study examines the relationship between daily fluctuations in symptoms and activity during chemotherapy.

Methods:
Women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer [n = 67; Mage = 48.6 (SD = 10.3)] wore an accelerometer 24 hours/day and received four text prompts/day to rate symptoms for 10 consecutive days at the beginning, middle, and end of chemotherapy. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the between and within-person relationships between symptom ratings on a given day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) on that day and the following day controlling for relevant covariates and using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

Results:
For MVPA and LPA, within-person associations were statistically significant for same day affect, fatigue, pain, walking, activities of daily living (ADL) physical function, and cognitive function. Previous day anxiety was associated with next day LPA. Every one point worse symptom rating than an individual's overall average was associated with: (i) between 1.49 (pain) and 4.94 (fatigue) minutes less MVPA and between 4.48 (pain) and 24.72 (ADL physical function) minutes less LPA that day, and (ii) 11.28 minutes less LPA the next day. No between-person effects were significant for MVPA or LPA.

Conclusions:
Daily within-person variations in symptoms were associated with MVPA and LPA during chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Impact:
Future work should explore relationships between symptoms and activity further and identify whether tailoring to symptoms enhances efficacy of physical activity promotion interventions during chemotherapy.
Avaliação do grau de dependência tabágica e o grau de adequação das orientações recebidas por pacientes tabagistas hospitalizados
Authors: Bordignon Gabriel , Moraes Neto Roddie , Marques Gustavo Lenci 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: o tabagismo é uma doença crônica e um grande fator de risco para outras doenças com alta mortalidade. É dever do médico orientar corretamente seus pacientes quanto à cessação do tabagismo. Para tanto, as orientações devem ser embasadas cientificamente para manejo eficaz da doença, com intervenções motivacionais associadas ou não a farmacoterapia. Objetivo: analisar o grau de dependência da nicotina de pacientes tabagistas hospitalizados e comparar as orientações recebidas sobre cessação de tabagismo com a orientação farmacológica e não farmacológica preconizada pela literatura. Métodos: estudo observacional transversal com aplicação de questionário estruturado a 60 pacientes tabagistas no momento da alta hospitalar do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC/UFPR). Resultados: amostra de pacientes composta por 31 pacientes do sexo feminino e 29 do sexo masculino. 68,3% possuíam mais de 55 anos. A mediana do grau de dependência nicotínica foi 5 (grau médio). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre grupos com orientação presente e ausente em relação ao grau de motivação. 44,2% dos pacientes que receberam orientação estavam em fase de ação, indicando que o médico orienta mais os que já iniciaram planejamento de cessar o tabagismo. 35,3% dos pacientes com orientação ausente estavam em pré-contemplação e 41,2% em contemplação, sugerindo que pacientes que não possuem insight de cessar o tabagismo são menos orientados. Entre os grupos orientados de forma correta e incorreta, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto ao tipo de orientação durante a hospitalização. Dentre os orientados de forma incorreta, 18 foram orientados apenas de forma motivacional, indicando uma tendência de orientação insuficiente. Conclusão: 51,2% das orientações são realizadas incorretamente, expressando necessidade de reavaliar a abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo. Faz-se necessária busca ativa dos tabagistas durante atendimento médico e orientação correta para tratamento eficiente da doença, abordando o lado motivacional e a farmacoterapia.