bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational waves from Population III binary black holes formed by dynamical capture
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Bromm Volker 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to study the gravitational wave (GW) signals from high-redshift binary black holes (BBHs) formed by dynamical capture (ex situ formation channel). We in particular focus on black holes (BHs) originating from the first generation of massive, metal-poor, so-called Population III (Pop III) stars. An alternative (in situ) formation pathway arises in Pop III binary stars whose GWligi signature has been intensively studied. In our optimistic model, we predict a local GW event rate density for ex situ BBHs (formed at z &gt; 4) of ∼0.04 yr−1 Gpc−3. This is comparable to or even higher than the conservative predictions of the rate density for in situ BBHs ∼0.01–0.1 yr−1 Gpc−3, indicating that the ex situ formation channel may be as important as the in situ one for producing GW events. We also evaluate the detectability of our simulated GW events for selected planned GW instruments, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET). For instance, we find the all-sky detection rate with signal-to-noise ratios above 10 to be ${\lesssim} 100\, \rm {yr^{-1}}$ for the xylophone configuration of ET. However, our results are highly sensitive to the subgrid models for BBH identification and evolution, such that the GW event efficiency (rate) is reduced by a factor of 4 (20) in the pessimistic case. The ex situ channel of Pop III BBHs deserves further investigation with better modelling of the environments around Pop III-seeded BHs.
Stochastic ion and electron heating on drift instabilities at the bow shock
Authors: Stasiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The analysis of the wave content inside a perpendicular bow shock indicates that heating of ions is related to the lower hybrid drift (LHD) instability, and heating of electrons is related to the electron cyclotron drift (ECD) instability. Both processes represent stochastic acceleration caused by the electric field gradients on the electron gyroradius scales, produced by the two instabilities. Stochastic heating is a single-particle mechanism where large gradients break adiabatic invariants and expose particles to direct acceleration by the direct current and wave fields. The acceleration is controlled by function $\chi = m_iq_i^{-1} B^{-2}$div(E), which represents a general diagnostic tool for processes of energy transfer between electromagnetic fields and particles, and the measure of the local charge non-neutrality. The identification was made with multipoint measurements obtained from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The source for the LHD instability is the diamagnetic drift of ions, and for the ECD instability the source is ExB drift of electrons. The conclusions are supported by laboratory diagnostics of the ECD instability in Hall ion thrusters.
Mapping domains of ARS2 critical for its RNA decay capacity
Authors: Melko Mireille , Winczura Kinga , Rouvière Jérôme Olivier , Oborská-Oplová Michaela , Andersen Pia K , Heick Jensen Torben 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
ARS2 is a conserved protein centrally involved in both nuclear RNA productive and destructive processes. To map features of ARS2 promoting RNA decay, we utilized two different RNA reporters, one of which depends on direct ARS2 tethering for its degradation. In both cases, ARS2 triggers a degradation phenotype aided by its interaction with the poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) connection. Interestingly, C-terminal amino acids of ARS2, responsible for binding the RNA 5′cap binding complex (CBC), become dispensable when ARS2 is directly tethered to the reporter RNA. In contrast, the Zinc-finger (ZnF) domain of ARS2 is essential for the decay of both reporters and consistently co-immunoprecipitation analyses reveal a necessity of this domain for the interaction of ARS2 with the PAXT-associated RNA helicase MTR4. Taken together, our results map the domains of ARS2 underlying two essential properties of the protein: its RNP targeting ability and its capacity to recruit the RNA decay machinery.
Beta class amino methyltransferases from bacteria to humans: evolution and structural consequences
Authors: Woodcock Clayton B , Horton John R , Zhang Xing , Blumenthal Robert M , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractS-adenosyl-l-methionine dependent methyltransferases catalyze methyl transfers onto a wide variety of target molecules, including DNA and RNA. We discuss a family of methyltransferases, those that act on the amino groups of adenine or cytosine in DNA, have conserved motifs in a particular order in their amino acid sequence, and are referred to as class beta MTases. Members of this class include M.EcoGII and M.EcoP15I from Escherichia coli, Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle–regulated DNA methyltransferase (CcrM), the MTA1-MTA9 complex from the ciliate Oxytricha, and the mammalian MettL3-MettL14 complex. These methyltransferases all generate N6-methyladenine in DNA, with some members having activity on single-stranded DNA as well as RNA. The beta class of methyltransferases has a unique multimeric feature, forming either homo- or hetero-dimers, allowing the enzyme to use division of labor between two subunits in terms of substrate recognition and methylation. We suggest that M.EcoGII may represent an ancestral form of these enzymes, as its activity is independent of the nucleic acid type (RNA or DNA), its strandedness (single or double), and its sequence (aside from the target adenine).
Metabolic cofactors NADH and FAD act as non-canonical initiating substrates for a primase and affect replication primer processing in vitro
Authors: Julius Christina , Salgado Paula S , Yuzenkova Yulia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo initiate replication on a double-stranded DNA de novo, all organisms require primase, an RNA polymerase making short RNA primers which are then extended by DNA polymerases. Here, we show that primase can use metabolic cofactors as initiating substrates, instead of its canonical substrate ATP. DnaG primase of Escherichia coli initiates synthesis of RNA with NADH (the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) in vitro. These cofactors consist of an ADP core covalently bound to extra moieties. The ADP component of these metabolites base-pairs with the DNA template and provides a 3′-OH group for RNA extension. The additional cofactors moieties apparently contact the ‘basic ridge’ domain of DnaG, but not the DNA template base at the –1 position. ppGpp, the starvation response regulator, strongly inhibits the initiation with cofactors, hypothetically due to competition for overlapping binding sites. Efficient RNA primer processing is a prerequisite for Okazaki fragments maturation, and we find that the efficiency of primer processing by DNA polymerase I in vitro is specifically affected by the cofactors on its 5′-end. Together these results indicate that utilization of cofactors as substrates by primase may influence regulation of replication initiation and Okazaki fragments processing.
The LACE+ Index as a Predictor of 90-Day Supratentorial Tumor Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Winter Eric , Haldar Debanjan , Glauser Gregory , Caplan Ian F , Shultz Kaitlyn , McClintock Scott D , Chen Han-Chiao Isaac , Yoon Jang W , Malhotra Neil R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The LACE+ (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] score, and Emergency department [ED] visits in the past 6 mo) index risk-prediction tool has never been successfully tested in a neurosurgery population.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the ability of LACE+ to predict adverse outcomes after supratentorial brain tumor surgery.

METHODS
LACE+ scores were retrospectively calculated for all patients (n = 624) who underwent surgery for supratentorial tumors at the University of Pennsylvania Health System (2017-2019). Confounding variables were controlled with coarsened exact matching. The frequency of unplanned hospital readmission, ED visits, and death was compared for patients with different LACE+ score quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4).

RESULTS
A total of 134 patients were matched between Q1 and Q4; 152 patients were matched between Q2 and Q4; and 192 patients were matched between Q3 and Q4. Patients with higher LACE+ scores were significantly more likely to be readmitted within 90 d (90D) of discharge for Q1 vs Q4 (21.88% vs 46.88%, P = .005) and Q2 vs Q4 (27.03% vs 55.41%, P = .001). Patients with larger LACE+ scores also had significantly increased risk of 90D ED visits for Q1 vs Q4 (13.33% vs 30.00%, P = .027) and Q2 vs Q4 (22.54% vs 39.44%, P = .039). LACE+ score also correlated with death within 90D of surgery for Q2 vs Q4 (2.63% vs 15.79%, P = .003) and with death at any point after surgery/during follow-up for Q1 vs Q4 (7.46% vs 28.36%, P = .002), Q2 vs Q4 (15.79% vs 31.58%, P = .011), and Q3 vs Q4 (18.75% vs 31.25%, P = .047).

CONCLUSION
LACE+ may be suitable for characterizing risk of certain perioperative events in a patient population undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection.
Digital technologies as a means of accessing powerful mathematical ideas. A study of adults with low schooling in Mexico
Authors: Palmas Santiago , Rojano Teresa , Sutherland Rosamund 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper derives from a study which main purpose was to investigate how a group of adults with low schooling can have access to powerful mathematical ideas when working with activities that involve the use of technology resources and that take into account the adults’ previous experience with mathematics. Specifically, adults’ previous experience with area calculation was considered. Principles of the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS) formulated by Brousseau guided the study design, and Pick’s theorem was recreated in a dynamic digital setting, with which it is possible to calculate the area of regular and irregular polygons. In this approach, intuitive notions of area and perimeter are resorted to, seeking to promote the experience with powerful ideas such as ‘the generality of a method’, ‘realizing the existence of different methods used for one and the same end’ and ‘realizing that each method possesses advantages and limitations’. Analysis of interview protocols from three noteworthy cases (which include both adults’ work in the digital setting and their discussions with the researcher) suggests the presence of powerful underlying mathematical ideas, such as the idea of generality and the power of a method and the features of the constituent elements of a geometric figure that are involved in calculating its attributes, attributes such as area.
Incidence and Classification of Nonroutine Events during Anesthesia Care
Authors: Liberman Justin S. , Slagle Jason M. , Whitney Gina , Shotwell Matthew S. , Lorinc Amanda , Porterfield Eric , Weinger Matthew B. 
Published: May 2020

Background
A nonroutine event is any aspect of clinical care perceived by clinicians or trained observers as a deviation from optimal care based on the context of the clinical situation. The authors sought to delineate the incidence and nature of intraoperative nonroutine events during anesthesia care.

Methods
The authors prospectively collected audio, video, and relevant clinical information on 556 cases at three academic hospitals from 1998 to 2004. In addition to direct observation, anesthesia providers were surveyed for nonroutine event occurrence and details at the end of each study case. For the 511 cases with reviewable video, 400 cases had no reported nonroutine events and 111 cases had at least one nonroutine event reported. Each nonroutine event was analyzed by trained anesthesiologists. Rater reliability assessment, comparisons (nonroutine event vs. no event) of patient and case variables were performed.

Results
Of 511 cases, 111 (21.7%) contained 173 nonroutine events; 35.1% of event-containing cases had more than one nonroutine event. Of the 173 events, 69.4% were rated as having patient impact and 12.7% involved patient injury. Longer case duration (25th vs. 75th percentile; odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.93; P = 0.032) and presence of a comorbid diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.35 to 3.40; P = 0.001) were associated with nonroutine events. Common contributory factors were related to the patient (63.6% [110 of 173]) and anesthesia provider (59.0% [102 of 173]) categories. The most common patient impact events involved the cardiovascular system (37.4% [64 of 171]), airway (33.3% [57 of 171]), and human factors, drugs, or equipment (31.0% [53 of 171]).

Conclusions
This study describes characteristics of intraoperative nonroutine events in a cohort of cases at three academic hospitals. Nonroutine event–containing cases were commonly associated with patient impact and injury. Thus, nonroutine event monitoring in conjunction with traditional error reporting may enhance our understanding of potential intraoperative failure modes to guide prospective safety interventions.

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Harm of IV High-Dose Vitamin C Therapy in Adult Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yanase Fumitaka , Fujii Tomoko , Naorungroj Thummaporn , Belletti Alessandro , Luethi Nora , Carr Anitra C. , Young Paul J. , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
The potential harm associated with the use of IV vitamin C has not been systematically assessed. We aimed to review the available evidence on harm related to such treatment.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, National Institute of Health Clinical Trials Register, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Study Selection:
We included studies in adult population that reported harm related to IV high-dose vitamin C which we defined as greater than or equal to 6 g/d, greater than or equal to 75 mg/kg/d, or greater than or equal to 3 g/m2/d.

Data Extraction:
Two independent investigators screened records and extracted data.

Data Synthesis:
We identified 8,149 reports, of which 650 full text were assessed for eligibility, leaving 74 eligible studies. In these studies, 2,801 participants received high-dose vitamin C at a median (interquartile range) dose of 22.5 g/d (8.25–63.75 g/d), 455 mg/kg/d (260–925 mg/kg/d), or 70 g/m2/d (50–90 g/m2/d); and 932 or more adverse events were reported. Among nine double-blind randomized controlled trials (2,310 patients), adverse events were reported in three studies with an event rate per patient for high-dose vitamin C identical to placebo group in one study (0.1 [1/10] vs 0.1 [1/10]), numerically lower in one study (0.80 [672/839] vs 0.82 [709/869]), and numerically higher in one study (0.33 [24/73] vs 0.23 [17/74]). Six double-blind randomized controlled trials reported no adverse event in either group. Five cases of oxalate nephropathy, five cases of hypernatremia, three cases of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency patients, two cases of glucometer error, and one case of kidney stones were also reported overall.

Conclusions:
There is no consistent evidence that IV high-dose vitamin C therapy is more harmful than placebo in double-blind randomized controlled trials. However, reports of oxalate nephropathy, hypernatremia, glucometer error, and hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency patients warrant specific monitoring.
No Apparent Influence of Nonadherence on Tacrolimus Intrapatient Variability in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gokoel Sumit R. M. , Zwart Tom C. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , van der Boog Paul J. M. , de Fijter Johan W. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
High intrapatient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus exposure has been associated with an increased risk of graft rejection and graft loss. It has been suggested that medication nonadherence has high impact on IPV. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between tacrolimus IPV and medication nonadherence in stable kidney transplant recipients.

Methods:
This study was conducted within the Reducing Renal Function Deterioration trial (Netherlands Trial Register: NTR7256), which included stable kidney transplant recipients. Nonadherence was assessed quantitatively by electronic monitoring (EM) and qualitatively using the composite adherence score (CAS) consisting of patient self-reporting (Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale), a physician report, and the tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0). IPV in tacrolimus C0 and area under the concentration–time curves (AUCs) was evaluated at 5 and 3 sampling instances, respectively.

Results:
Data of 64 kidney transplant recipients (43 males, 21 females; mean age 53.6 years), mean time post-transplantation 5.4 years, were collected. Mean missed tacrolimus intake was 7% (0.3%–13.4%) based on EM, missing one intake every 2 weeks. Based on the CAS, 68.9% of the patients were categorized as nonadherent. The mean IPV was 17.9% (4.4%–65.3%) and 20.2% (2.5%–51.6%) for tacrolimus C0 and AUCs, respectively. The nonadherence data displayed a nonparametric distribution, with nonadherence scores mostly in the lower ranges. There was no significant difference in the mean IPV between adherent and nonadherent patients. There were no differences in EM, CAS, physician report, or time-in-therapeutic range, but patients with a low AUC IPV showed a slightly higher Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale score than those with a high AUC IPV (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
There was no apparent relationship between IPV and nonadherence in this motivated kidney transplant recipient population, with one missed tacrolimus dose every 2 weeks.
Can walking exercise programs improve health for women in menopause transition and postmenopausal? Findings from a scoping review
Authors: Sydora Beate C. , Turner Cailey , Malley Alexandra , Davenport Margie , Yuksel Nese , Shandro Tami , Ross Sue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Our goal was to explore the range and characteristics of published papers on therapeutic walking programs for menopausal women and to identify program features that resulted in successful outcomes including reduced symptoms and improved long-term wellness.Methods:We searched biomedical and exercise-related databases for articles published up to June 1, 2017, using keywords related to menopause and walking. Data were collected into EndNote X8 reference manager to identify and remove duplicates. The final selection included all articles that studied walking as a health intervention for women in menopause transition or postmenopausal.Results:A total of 3,244 papers were collected from the six databases. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 articles were charted, including 77 different walking programs. Walking interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 3 years with an average weekly frequency of 3.8 ± 1.8 and were applied to a variety of symptoms and their biological markers and risk factors. Overall, 91% of the programs showed a beneficial outcome in at least one menopause-related medical issue. Information on menopause-specific symptoms, especially vasomotor symptoms and sleep problems, was scarce.Conclusion:The scoping review highlights the growing interest in walking programs as therapies for menopause and related symptoms and provides evidence of their possible benefit as a wellness option for women in menopause and beyond. Further research would be recommended to establish the therapeutic value of walking programs for women with specific focus on typical menopause symptoms at different stages of menopause.Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A587.
Dairy intake is not associated with improvements in bone mineral density or risk of fractures across the menopause transition: data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Wallace Taylor C. , Jun Shinyoung , Zou Peishan , McCabe George P. , Craig Bruce A. , Cauley Jane A. , Weaver Connie M. , Bailey Regan L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Menopause represents a period in which bone deterioration is accelerated; thus, primary prevention strategies to address age-related bone loss are crucial. Dairy products contain more than a dozen essential nutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and high-quality protein, as well as bioactive compounds that may promote bone mineralization. However, the relationship between dairy consumption and bone health across the menopause transition remains largely unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the change in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and the risk of bone fracture by the frequency of dairy intakes among women across the menopausal transition using the publicly available data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Methods:We analyzed total dairy foods in four categories of <0.5, 0.5 to <1.5, 1.5 to <2.5, and ≥2.5 servings/d or <1.5 and ≥1.5 servings/d. A general linear model was used to estimate the association of dairy intake with the 10-year bone mineral density loss rate and a linear mixed model was used to estimate the annualized bone mineral density loss rate of the femoral neck and lumbar spine. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the nontraumatic fractures. Poisson regression was used to determine the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of the nontraumatic fractures. The models were controlled for race/ethnicity, age, height, weight, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, calcium use, menopausal status, and total caloric intake.Results:No significant differences in bone mineral density change were observed, regardless of baseline menopausal status. No significant differences in the risk of nontraumatic fracture were observed.Conclusions:In this group of US women undergoing the menopausal transition, dairy food intake was neither associated with femoral and spine bone mineral density loss nor the risk of fractures.
Psychiatric Assessment of Social Impairment Across the Lifespan
Authors: Thom Robyn P. , Keary Christopher J. , Kramer Gabriel , Nowinski Lisa A. , McDougle Christopher J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the prototypical psychiatric disorder of social impairment, several if not most psychiatric disorders are characterized by prominent impairments in social functioning. A challenge in clinically assessing and describing social impairment is that it has been variably defined and can be difficult to measure. In this article we consider the psychiatric differential diagnosis of social impairment within the DSM-5 framework. We describe the features of social impairment in 13 DSM-5 disorders from a developmental perspective and highlight diagnostic factors that differentiate among the disorders, including the main features of social impairment, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, course of social impairment, social cognition, and key features of accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms. We conclude by describing an approach for assessing social impairment across the lifespan.