bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topoelectrical circuit realization of a Weyl semimetal heterojunction
Authors: Rafi-Ul-Islam S. M. , Bin Siu Zhuo , Jalil Mansoor B. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWeyl semimetals (WSMs) are a recent addition to the family of topological materials, and the physical realization of heterojunctions between different types of WSMs is challenging. Here, we use electrical components to create topoelectrical (TE) circuits for modeling and studying the transmission across heterojunctions, consisting of a Type I WSM source to a drain in the Type II or intermediary Type III WSM phase. For transport from a Type I WSM source to a Type II WSM drain, valley-independent (dependent) energy flux transmission occurs when the tilt and transmission directions are perpendicular (parallel) to each other. Furthermore, “anti-Klein” tunneling occurs between a Type I source and Type III drain where the transmission is totally suppressed for certain valleys at normal incidence. Owing to their experimental accessibility, TE circuits offer an excellent testbed for transport phenomena in WSM-based heterostructures.
Correction: Identification and determination of selenocysteine, selenosugar, and other selenometabolites in turkey liver
Authors: Bierla Katarzyna , Taylor Rachel M , Szpunar Joanna , Lobinski Ryszard , Sunde Roger A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Correction for ‘Identification and determination of selenocysteine, selenosugar, and other selenometabolites in turkey liver’ by Katarzyna Bierla et al., Metallomics, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00040j.
Heart Rate Variability in College Football Players throughout
Preseason Camp in the Heat
Authors: Flatt Andrew A. , Allen Jeff , Bragg Amy , Keith Clayton , Earley Ryan , Esco Michael R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe aimed to characterize cardiac-autonomic responses to a 13-day preseason camp
in the heat among an American college football team. Players were categorized as
linemen (n=10) and non-linemen (n=18). RHR, natural logarithm of
the root-mean square of successive differences multiplied by twenty (LnRMSSD),
and subjective wellbeing (LnWellness) were acquired daily. Effect
sizes±90% confidence interval showed that for linemen, LnRMSSD
decreased (moderate) on day 2 (71.2±10.4) and increased (moderate) on
day 12 (87.1±11.2) relative to day 1 (77.9±11.2) while RHR
decreased (small–moderate) on days 6, 7, and 12
(67.7±9.3–70.4±5.5 b∙min-1) relative to day 1
(77.1±10.1 b∙min-1). For non-linemen, LnRMSSD increased
(small–large) on days 3–5, 7, 12, and 13
(83.4±6.8–87.6±8.5) relative to day 1 (80.0±6.5)
while RHR decreased (small–large) on days 3–9, 12, and 13
(62.1±5.2–67.9±8.1 b∙min-1) relative to day 1
(70.8±6.2 b∙min-1). Decrements in LnWellness were observed on
days 4–10 and 13 for linemen (moderate) and on days 6–9, 12, and
13 for non-linemen (small–moderate). Despite reductions in LnWellness,
cardiac-autonomic parameters demonstrated responses consistent with
heat-acclimation, which possibly attenuated fatigue-related decrements.
Phase Angle is Determined by Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents
Authors: Langer Raquel David , de Fatima Guimarães Roseane , Gonçalves Ezequiel Moreira , Guerra-Junior Gil , de Moraes Anderson Marques 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe phase angle is used to evaluate nutritional status and is an indicator of cellular health. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition are strong indicators of health during adolescence. We aimed to evaluate if body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness have an association with phase angle among adolescents. 203 girls and 220 boys (12.8±1.3 years) were evaluated. Peak height velocity, percentage fat mass, fat-free mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and phase angle measurements were collected. Linear regression adjusted by peak height velocity was used to verify if predictor variables were associated with phase angle among adolescents. Phase angle showed correlation with fat-free mass (girls: r=0.42 and boys: r=0.37); with percent fat mass (girls: r=0.23); and with cardiorespiratory fitness (boys: r=0.19). Linear regression showed that percentage fat mass (in girls) and cardiorespiratory fitness (in boys) had an effect of 11 and 17% in phase angle, respectively, while fat-free mass had an effect of 22 and 26% in phase angle for girls and boys, respectively. Changes in phase angle seem to be more associated with the percentage fat mass in girls, cardiorespiratory fitness in boys, and fat-free mass in both when controlled by peak height velocity.
Composites of perfectionism and inauthenticity in relation to controlled motivation, performance anxiety and exhaustion among elite junior performers
Authors: Haraldsen Heidi M. , Ivarsson Andreas , Solstad Bård Erlend , Abrahamsen Frank E. , Halvari Hallgeir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study identified profiles of perfectionism and inauthenticity at baseline and tested whether they differed in the maladaptive outcomes of controlled motivation, performance anxiety, and exhaustion after a nine‐month period. We purposefully selected elite junior performers (NT1 = 219; NT2 = 156), 16–19 years of age, from Norwegian talent development schools in sports and performing arts. The participants completed questionnaires to report their perceptions of the study variables. The results of the latent profile analysis indicated a multidimensionality of perfectionism, thereby identifying four profiles. Although our identified profiles are in line with the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism; however, the results of the mean differences between the identified profiles did not align with the 2 × 2 model's hypotheses. The elite junior performers who displayed non‐perfectionism demonstrated to be the most adaptive profile. They reported the lowest level of inauthenticity and the maladaptive outcomes of controlled motivation, performance anxiety, and exhaustion. The mixed perfectionism profile, displaying high levels of perfectionistic concerns (PC) and perfectionistic strivings (PS), demonstrated to be the least adaptive profile. This profile reported higher levels of inauthenticity and was even more maladaptive than the PC dominated profile contrary to the proposed hypotheses. Findings showed that a heightened vulnerability of perfectionism seems evident in PC, independent of the reported PS levels. Because only one out of five elite junior performers were distributed in the non‐perfectionism profile, the vulnerability of perfectionism might be an important risk factor to note in talent development settings.
Topological electronic state and anisotropic Fermi surface in half-Heusler GdPtBi
Authors: Zhang Junli , Chen Jie , Li Peng , Zhang Chenhui , Hou Zhipeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Half-Heusler alloys possess unique and desirable physical properties due to their thermoelectricity, magnetism, superconductivity, and weak antilocalization effects. These properties have become of particular interest since the recent discovery of topological Weyl semimetal state for which the electronic bands are dispersed linearly around one pair of Weyl nodes, with opposite chirality (i.e., chiral anomaly). Here, we report the transport signatures of topological electronic state in a half-Heusler GdPtBi single crystal. We show that the non-trivial π Berry phase, negative magnetoresistance and giant planner Hall effect arise from the chiral anomaly and that the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation frequency in GdPtBi is angle-dependent with an anisotropic Fermi surface (FS). All transport signatures not only demonstrate the topological electronic state in half-Heusler GdPtBi crystals, but also describe the shape of the anisotropy FS.
A practical and efficient approach for Bayesian quantum state estimation
Authors: Lukens Joseph M , Law Kody J H , Jasra Ajay , Lougovski Pavel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bayesian inference is a powerful paradigm for quantum state tomography, treating uncertainty in meaningful and informative ways. Yet the numerical challenges associated with sampling from complex probability distributions hampers Bayesian tomography in practical settings. In this article, we introduce an improved, self-contained approach for Bayesian quantum state estimation. Leveraging advances in machine learning and statistics, our formulation relies on highly efficient preconditioned Crank–Nicolson sampling and a pseudo-likelihood. We theoretically analyze the computational cost, and provide explicit examples of inference for both actual and simulated datasets, illustrating improved performance with respect to existing approaches.
Quantum decoherence by Coulomb interaction
Authors: Kerker N , Röpke R , Steinert L M , Pooch A , Stibor A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The performance of modern quantum devices in communication, metrology or microscopy relies on the quantum–classical interaction which is generally described by the theory of decoherence. Despite the high relevance for long coherence times in quantum electronics, decoherence mechanisms mediated by the Coulomb force are not well understood yet and several competing theoretical models exist. Here, we present an experimental study of the Coulomb-induced decoherence of free electrons in a superposition state in a biprism electron interferometer close to a semiconducting and metallic surface. The decoherence was determined through a contrast loss at different beam path separations, surface distances and conductibilities. To clarify the current literature discussion, four theoretical models were compared to our data. We could rule out three of them and got good agreement with a theory based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The results will enable the determination and minimization of specific decoherence channels in the design of novel quantum instruments.
High-precision atomic force microscopy with atomically-characterized tips
Authors: Liebig A , Peronio A , Meuer D , Weymouth A J , Giessibl F J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments are conducted at tip–sample distances where the tip strongly interacts with the surface. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio, but poses the problem of relaxations in both tip and sample that hamper the theoretical description of experimental data. Here, we employ AFM at relatively large tip–sample distances where forces are only on the piconewton and subpiconewton scale to prevent tip and sample distortions. Acquiring data relatively far from the surface requires low noise measurements. We probed the CaF2(111) surface with an atomically-characterized metal tip and show that the experimental data can be reproduced with an electrostatic model. By experimentally characterizing the second layer of tip atoms, we were able to reproduce the data with 99.5% accuracy. Our work links the capabilities of non-invasive imaging at large tip–sample distances and controlling the tip apex at the atomic scale.
Superfluidity of fermionic pairs in a harmonic trap. Comparative studies: Local Density Approximation and Bogoliubov-de Gennes solutions
Authors: Cichy Agnieszka , Ptok Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Experiments with ultracold gases on the lattice give the opportunity to realize superfluid fermionic mixtures in a trapping potential. The external trap modifies the chemical potential locally. Moreover, this trap also introduces non-homogeneity in the superconducting order parameter. There are, among other approaches, two methods which can be used to describe the system of two-component mixtures loaded into an optical lattice: the Local Density Approximation (LDA) and the self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. Here, we compare results obtained within these two methods. We conclude that the results can be distinguishable only in the case of a small value of the pairing interaction.
Inherent limitation of digital imagery: spatial-phase vacillations and the ambiguity function
Authors: Johnson R Barry , Heidary Kaveh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The spatial relationship of a scene image upon a pixilated focal-plane-array can temporally change due to scene or camera motion, microjitter of camera line-of-sight, etc. It was found that degradation caused by subpixel spatial-phase vacillations (SPV) upon the performance of matched filters was unexpectedly significant. Subpixel spatial-phase vacillations can cause degradations in matched filter performance to detect desired objects and discriminate other objects. SPV appear to be an inherent limitation of digital imagery when processed using matched filter methodology and can negatively impact the performance of systems. Mitigation of this degradation was found to be possible by utilizing one of several matched filter constructions such as a multi-filter enhanced matched filter (EMF) bank and a single-filter EMF. A significant conclusion of this investigation is that, for automatic target recognition applications, improved overall task performance should be realized by the use of an EMF bank. Dramatic reduction in computational resources for image matching multispectral imagery was accomplished by spectrally-collapsing multispectral imagery to form pseudoimages with the spectral information appearing as a texture in a grayscale image. The pattern recognition ambiguity function, which sets the fundamental performance limit of an image processing system, is introduced.
HPOLabeler: improving prediction of human protein–phenotype associations by learning to rank
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Huang Xiaodi , Mamitsuka Hiroshi , Zhu Shanfeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Annotating human proteins by abnormal phenotypes has become an important topic. Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a standardized vocabulary of phenotypic abnormalities encountered in human diseases. As of November 2019, only &lt;4000 proteins have been annotated with HPO. Thus, a computational approach for accurately predicting protein–HPO associations would be important, whereas no methods have outperformed a simple Naive approach in the second Critical Assessment of Functional Annotation, 2013–2014 (CAFA2).

Results
We present HPOLabeler, which is able to use a wide variety of evidence, such as protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology, InterPro, trigram frequency and HPO term frequency, in the framework of learning to rank (LTR). LTR has been proved to be powerful for solving large-scale, multi-label ranking problems in bioinformatics. Given an input protein, LTR outputs the ranked list of HPO terms from a series of input scores given to the candidate HPO terms by component learning models (logistic regression, nearest neighbor and a Naive method), which are trained from given multiple evidence. We empirically evaluate HPOLabeler extensively through mainly two experiments of cross validation and temporal validation, for which HPOLabeler significantly outperformed all component models and competing methods including the current state-of-the-art method. We further found that (i) PPI is most informative for prediction among diverse data sources and (ii) low prediction performance of temporal validation might be caused by incomplete annotation of new proteins.

Availability and implementation
http://issubmission.sjtu.edu.cn/hpolabeler/.

Contact
zhusf@fudan.edu.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Climate-driven vicariance and long-distance dispersal explain the Rand Flora pattern in the liverwortExormotheca pustulosa(Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Sofia Bartolomeu , Martins Anabela , Garcia César Augusto , Sérgio Cecília , Porley Ron , Fontinha Susana , González-Mancebo Juana , Gabriel Rosalina , Phephu Nonkululo , Van Rooy Jacques , Dirkse Gerard , Long David , Stech Michael , Patiño Jairo , Sim-Sim Manuela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ‘Rand flora’ is a biogeographical disjunction which refers to plant lineages occurring at the margins of the African continent and neighbouring oceanic archipelagos. Here, we tested whether the phylogeographical pattern of Exormotheca pustulosa Mitt. was the result of vicariance induced by past climatic changes or the outcome of a series of recent long-distance dispersal events. Two chloroplast markers (rps4-trnF region and psbA-trnH spacer) and one nuclear marker (ITS2) were analysed. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical relationships were inferred as well as divergence time estimates and ancestral areas. Exormotheca possibly originated in Eastern Africa during the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene while Exormotheca putulosa diversified during the Late Miocene. Three main E. pustulosa groups were found: the northern Macaronesia/Western Mediterranean, the South Africa/Saint Helena and the Cape Verde groups. The major splits among these groups occurred during the Late Miocene/Pliocene; diversification was recent, dating back to the Pleistocene. Climate-driven vicariance and subsequent long-distance dispersal events may have shaped the current disjunct distribution of E. pustulosa that corresponds to the Rand Flora pattern. Colonization of Macaronesia seems to have occurred twice by two independent lineages. The evolutionary history of E. pustulosa populations of Cape Verde warrants further study.
Higher Levels of Alcohol Use Are Associated With Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Puryear Sarah B , Fatch Robin , Beesiga Brian , Kekibiina Allen , Lodi Sara , Marson Kara , Emenyonu Nneka I , Muyindike Winnie R , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Hahn Judith A , Chamie Gabriel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We assessed associations between hazardous alcohol use and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda. We compared tuberculin skin test positivity across medium, high, and very-high alcohol use levels, classified by AUDIT-C scores. In multivariable analysis, very high use was associated with LTBI (adjusted odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.50).
Randomized Trial Evaluating Clinical Impact of RAPid IDentification and Susceptibility Testing for Gram-negative Bacteremia: RAPIDS-GN
Authors: Banerjee Ritu , Komarow Lauren , Virk Abinash , Rajapakse Nipunie , Schuetz Audrey N , Dylla Brenda , Earley Michelle , Lok Judith , Kohner Peggy , Ihde Sherry , Cole Nicolynn , Hines Lisa , Reed Katelyn , Garner Omai B , Chandrasekaran Sukantha , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Kanatani Meganne , Curello Jennifer , Arias Rubi , Swearingen William , Doernberg Sarah B , Patel Robin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid blood culture diagnostics are of unclear benefit for patients with gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections (BSIs). We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing outcomes of patients with GNB BSIs who had blood culture testing with standard-of-care (SOC) culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) vs rapid organism identification (ID) and phenotypic AST using the Accelerate Pheno System (RAPID).

Methods
Patients with positive blood cultures with Gram stains showing GNB were randomized to SOC testing with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) review or RAPID with AS. The primary outcome was time to first antibiotic modification within 72 hours of randomization.

Results
Of 500 randomized patients, 448 were included (226 SOC, 222 RAPID). Mean (standard deviation) time to results was faster for RAPID than SOC for organism ID (2.7 [1.2] vs 11.7 [10.5] hours; P &lt; .001) and AST (13.5 [56] vs 44.9 [12.1] hours; P &lt; .001). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to first antibiotic modification was faster in the RAPID arm vs the SOC arm for overall antibiotics (8.6 [2.6–27.6] vs 14.9 [3.3–41.1] hours; P = .02) and gram-negative antibiotics (17.3 [4.9–72] vs 42.1 [10.1–72] hours; P &lt; .001). Median (IQR) time to antibiotic escalation was faster in the RAPID arm vs the SOC arm for antimicrobial-resistant BSIs (18.4 [5.8–72] vs 61.7 [30.4–72] hours; P = .01). There were no differences between the arms in patient outcomes.

Conclusions
Rapid organism ID and phenotypic AST led to faster changes in antibiotic therapy for gram-negative BSIs.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03218397.
Patient’s Perspective on Disease Burden, Remission Definition, and Symptoms Associated With Treatment Seeking: A Qualitative Study in Adult and Adolescent Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Kitchen Helen , Farrar Mallory , Al-zubeidi Tamara , Pegram Hannah , Hunter Theresa , Naegeli April N , Delbecque Laure , Jairath Vipul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisease burden, a definition of remission, and symptoms that drive treatment seeking were explored in a Crohn’s disease (CD) population.MethodsA qualitative semistructured interview guide was developed, informed by published literature. Clinicians identified adolescents and adult patients with CD. Face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with patients. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic methods facilitated by ATLAS.ti.ResultsTwenty-four patients participated in the first round of interviews (n = 16 adults, mean age 50.3 years; n = 8 adolescents, mean age 15.6 years). Abdominal pain (n = 24), urgent bowel movements (n = 24), diarrhea (n = 23), and frequent bowel movements (n = 21) were the most frequently reported symptoms. CD affected patients’ physical functioning, daily activities, emotional wellbeing, social functioning, work/education, and relationships. No major difference in disease burden was observed between adolescents and adults. Twenty-three patients (96%) reported they would seek or had sought medical treatment for at least one symptom including abdominal pain (n = 19), diarrhea (n = 12), and blood in stools/rectal bleeding (n = 9). On a 0–10 scale (0 = no symptom and 10 = symptom at its worst possible), most patients (87%, 20/23) answered they would seek/had sought treatment when the symptom’s severity was at least 7. In the second round of interviews (n = 6 adults, mean age 51.5 years), 5/6 patients described that they did not require a complete absence of abdominal pain or loose/watery stools to consider their CD to be in remission.ConclusionsCD is associated with substantial disease burden. Worsening of some symptoms drives treatment seeking. To some patients, remission is not defined as a complete absence of symptoms.