bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyhydrido Copper Nanoclusters with a Hollow Icosahedral Core: [Cu30H18{E2P(OR)2}12] (E=S or Se; R=nPr, iPr or iBu)
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Huo Shou‐Chih , Wu Chun‐Yen , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Liao Jian‐Hong , Wang Xiaoping , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough atomically precise polyhydrido copper nanoclusters are of prime interest for a variety of applications, they have so far remained scarce. Herein, this work describes the synthesis of a dithiophosphate‐protected copper(I) hydride‐rich nanocluster (NC), [Cu30H18{S2P(OnPr)2}12] (1H), fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The X‐ray structure of 1H reveals an unprecedented central Cu12 hollow icosahedron. Six faces of this icosahedron are capped by Cu3 triangles, the whole Cu30 core being wrapped by twelve dithiophosphate ligands and the whole cluster has ideal S6 symmetry. The locations of the 18 hydrides in 1H were ascertained by a single‐crystal neutron diffraction study. They are composed of three types: capping μ3‐H, interstitial μ4‐H (seesaw) and μ5‐H ligands (square pyramidal), in good agreement with the DFT simulations. The numbers of hydrides and ligand resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of 1H are in line with their coordination environment in the solid state, retaining the S6 symmetry in solution. Furthermore, two new Se‐protected polyhydrido copper nanoclusters, [Cu30H18{Se2P(OR)2}12] (2H: R=iPr 3H: R=iBu) were synthesized from their sulfur relative 1H via ligand displacement reaction and their X‐ray structures feature the exceptional case where both the NC shape and size are fully conserved during the course of ligand exchange. DFT and TD‐DFT calculations allow understanding the bonding and optical properties of clusters 1H–3H. In addition, the reaction of 1H with [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2] in the presence of terminal alkynes led to the formation of new bimetallic Cu−Pd alloy clusters [PdCu14H2{S2P(OnPr)2}6(C≡CR)6] (4: R=Ph; 5: R=C6H4F).
Effects of sampling seasons and locations on fish environmental DNA metabarcoding in dam reservoirs
Authors: Hayami Kana , Sakata Masayuki K. , Inagawa Takashi , Okitsu Jiro , Katano Izumi , Doi Hideyuki , Nakai Katsuki , Ichiyanagi Hidetaka , Gotoh Ryo O. , Miya Masaki , Sato Hirotoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has seen rapid development in the last decade, as a novel biodiversity monitoring method. Previous studies have evaluated optimal strategies, at several experimental steps of eDNA metabarcoding, for the simultaneous detection of fish species. However, optimal sampling strategies, especially the season and the location of water sampling, have not been evaluated thoroughly. To identify optimal sampling seasons and locations, we performed sampling monthly or at two‐monthly intervals throughout the year in three dam reservoirs. Water samples were collected from 15 and nine locations in the Miharu and Okawa dam reservoirs in Fukushima Prefecture, respectively, and five locations in the Sugo dam reservoir in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. One liter of water was filtered with glass‐fiber filters, and eDNA was extracted. By performing MiFish metabarcoding, we successfully detected a total of 21, 24, and 22 fish species in Miharu, Okawa, and Sugo reservoirs, respectively. From these results, the eDNA metabarcoding method had a similar level of performance compared to conventional long‐term data. Furthermore, it was found to be effective in evaluating entire fish communities. The number of species detected by eDNA survey peaked in May in Miharu and Okawa reservoirs, and in March and June in Sugo reservoir, which corresponds with the breeding seasons of many of fish species inhabiting the reservoirs. In addition, the number of detected species was significantly higher in shore, compared to offshore samples in the Miharu reservoir, and a similar tendency was found in the other two reservoirs. Based on these results, we can conclude that the efficiency of species detection by eDNA metabarcoding could be maximized by collecting water from shore locations during the breeding seasons of the inhabiting fish. These results will contribute in the determination of sampling seasons and locations for fish fauna survey via eDNA metabarcoding, in the future.
Lipid Profiles in By‐Products and Muscles of Three Shrimp Species (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis)
Authors: Yu Zhuo‐Liang , Li De‐Yang , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhao Qi , Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Song Liang , Zhou Da‐Yong , Wang Tong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo better understand the health benefits of lipids in shrimp and evaluate their potential value, a comprehensive analysis of lipid profiles in by‐products (head and body carapace) and muscles of shrimps Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis is performed. Results show that freeze‐dried muscles of these shrimps contain 3.83%, 4.39%, and 2.93% of lipids, respectively, while the corresponding by‐products contain 4.69%, 5.89%, and 5.39% of lipids, respectively. The total lipids comprise glycerophospholipid (PL, 54.86–77.29%), cholesterol (12.67–18.79%), triacylglycerol (1.28–7.02%), diacylglycerol (0.27–1.58%), monoacylglycerol (0.32–3.04%), and free fatty acid (FFA, 2.84–20.58%). Further, PL contains cholineglycerophospholipid (PLCho, 49.75–66.99 mol%), ethanolamineglycerophospholipid (PLEtn, 14.02–28.16 mol%), serineglycerophospholipid (PLSer, 4.85–12.66 mol%), inositolglycerophospholipid (PLIns, 4.36–15.63 mol%), and cholinelysoglycerophospholipid (LPLCho, 2.07–6.35 mol%). Lipids are abundant in polyunsaturated FA (36.55–42.72% of total FA), among which eicosapentaenoic acid (6.38–11.59% of total FA), and docosahexaenoic acid (7.63–12.08% of total FA) are dominant. About 200 species of PL belonging to PLCho, PLEtn, PLIns, LPLCho, lysoglycerophosphoethanolamine (LPLEtn), and lysoglycerophosphoserine (LPLSer) are characterized. Moreover, the by‐products contain higher amounts of astaxanthin than the muscles. Considering high level of PUFA enriched PL, shrimp by‐products can serve as a source for nutritional lipids.Practical Applications: This study presented a comprehensive analysis of the lipid profiles in by‐products (head and body carapace) and muscles of shrimps Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus chinensis. The results obtained justified the use of by‐products in shrimp processing, indicating that by‐products can be used for commercial exploitation and production of value‐added products due to PUFA‐enriched PL, especially EPA and DHA.
Characterization of dual‐polarized monostatic patch antennas for full‐duplex applications
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Niazi Ahmad U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the characterization of two different dual‐polarized monostatic (shared radiator) antennas. As an example, the design and implementation of two dual‐polarized 2.4 GHz patch antennas are presented in this paper for in‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) or single‐channel full‐duplex (SCFD) wireless applications. Both the antennas use orthogonal feeding ports but differ in feeding structures. The effect of the shape of radiating patch (square shape vs circular shape) on interport RF isolation characteristics of dual‐polarized patch antenna is studied along with the effect of the feeding position on interport isolation of dual‐polarized square‐shaped patch with thin quarter‐wave microstrip feeds. The simulated interport isolation results for monostatic and bistatic dual‐polarized antennas are compared. The simulation results show the effect of slot length, slot width, stub length, size of patch, and feed line on intended frequency of operation for the single‐port slot‐coupled patch antenna. Finally, the performance of two dual‐polarized implemented antennas is analyzed by comparing the measured interport isolation (S12) results at a required operating frequency around 2.4 GHz. The implemented antenna with thin co‐planar quarter‐wave microstrip feeds provides 43 dB interport isolation, while the dual‐port slot‐coupled IBFD antenna has 70 dB interport isolation at the center frequency. The slot fed antenna provides > 55 dB port to port isolation within 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 50 MHz. The dimensions of the implemented antennas are 68 mm x 68 mm x 1.6 mm and 68 mm × 68 mm × 3.2 mm, respectively. Due to the use of high‐loss FR‐4, the radiation efficiencies and gains of both antennas are around 60% and 4 dBi, respectively. The novelty and contribution of this work are the design, implementation, and detailed analysis of two dual‐polarized compact antennas for full‐duplex applications.
Deep learning for dune pattern mapping with the AW3D30 global surface model
Authors: Shumack Samuel , Hesse Paul , Farebrother Will 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a deep learning (U‐Net)‐based workflow for classifying linear dune landforms based on the discrete Laplacian convolution of a new global elevation dataset, the AW3D30 digital surface model. Crest vectors were then derived for landscape pattern analysis. The U‐Net crest classification model was trained and evaluated on sample data from dunefields across the Australian continent. The resulting crest vectors and dune defect placement were then evaluated in typical semi‐arid and arid dune landscapes in eastern central Australia where high‐resolution (5 m horizontal) digital elevation models are available (for three out of our four study sites) as a reference dataset. The method was applied to quantify dune pattern metrics for the entire Simpson Desert dunefield, Australia. The U‐Net does a very good job of segmenting dune crests, even where dunes are less clear in the Laplacian map (intersection over union score ≈ 0.68). When crest vectors and dune defects (network nodes) were derived, the defect predictions were typically correct (0.4 to 0.79 correctness) but incomplete (0.02 to 0.64 completeness). Much of the residual error was traced to the resolution of the input data. Through the application to the Simpson Desert, we nevertheless demonstrated that our method can effectively be used for regional‐scale dune pattern analysis. Furthermore, we suggest that the combination of morphological filtering and a convolutional neural network could readily be adapted to target other geomorphic features, such as channel networks or geological lineaments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina on Perovskite Nanocrystal Films by Using O2 As a Molecular Probe
Authors: Saris Seryio , Dona Sanduni T. , Niemann Valerie , Loiudice Anna , Buonsanti Raffaella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEncapsulation methods have shown to be effective in imparting improved stability to metal‐halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal oxides is one of the promising approaches for such encapsulation, yet better control on the process parameters are required to achieve viable lifetimes for several optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications. Herein, we optimize the ALD process of amorphous aluminum oxide (AlOx) as an encapsulating layer for CsPbBr3 NC thin films by using oxygen (O2) as a molecular diffusion probe to assess the uniformity of the deposited AlOx layer. When O2 reaches the NC surface, it extracts the photogenerated electrons, thus quenching the PL of the CsPbBr3 NCs. As the quality of the ALD layer improves, less quenching is expected. We compare three different ALD deposition modes. We find that the low temperature/high temperature and the exposure modes improve the quality of the alumina as a gas barrier when compared with the low temperature mode. We attribute this result to a better diffusion of the ALD precursor throughout the NC film. We propose the low temperature/high temperature as the most suitable mode for future implementation of multilayered coatings.
Understanding Surface Recombination Processes Using Intensity‐Modulated Photovoltage Spectroscopy on Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Guijarro Néstor , Sivula Kevin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConverting solar energy into hydrogen through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers a promising route towards a fully renewable energy economy. A fundamental understanding of photogenerated charge recombination processes in semiconducting photoelectrodes is a key consideration in optimizing solar water splitting cells and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) has recently emerged as a promising technique for gaining new insight. However, the interpretation of IMVS data under various conditions (that is, when photoelectrodes are in sacrificial electrolytes or employ catalytic overlayers) is not complete. Using IMVS data we present herein an analysis of charge recombination processes under open circuit conditions on a model photoanode system: nanostructured hematite. Employing two sacrificial oxidation conditions compared to standard water oxidation conditions, our IMVS results establish a direct correlation between surface recombination processes and the low frequency IMVS response. We found that surface intermediate states for water oxidation under open circuit condition exhibit a lifetime of 229 ms under standard illumination conditions. Applying a nickel iron oxide overlayer also gives insight into surface passivation effects through IMVS analysis of photoanode system.
Application of green tea extracts epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in dental materials: Recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Liao Shengnan , Tang Yu , Chu Chenyu , Lu Weitong , Baligen Bolatihan , Man Yi , Qu Yili 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause of excellent biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and anti‐caries ability, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been widely studied in the treatment of oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, oral cancer, and dental caries. To reach the site of the lesion or achieve sustained release, play the role of anti‐caries, anti‐inflammatory, or to maintain or improve the physical properties of the modified material，EGCG need to be cross‐linked or embedded with dental adhesives, barrier membranes, bone replacement materials, tissue regeneration materials, and antimicrobial anti‐caries materials to better prevent or treat oral diseases. This article reviews the applications of EGCG in oral materials, involving various areas of the oral cavity, reveals their excellent potential, and sees shortcomings in these research to promote the better development of EGCG applications in oral materials such as oral repair materials, bone tissue engineering materials and antibacterial and anti‐caries materials.
Ibuprofen during gestation prevents some changes in physical and reflex development in offspring in a model of hyperleucinemia and maternal inflammation
Authors: de Franceschi Itiane Diehl , da Silva Juliano Dellazen , Nitzke Minuzzi Bruna , de Barros Katlyn Cardoso , Fernandes Elissa Kerli , Bortoluzzi Vanessa Trindade , Rieger Elenara , Preissler Thales , Feksa Luciane Rosa , Hahn Roberta Zilles , Linden Rafael , Rech Virginia Cielo , Casali Emerson André , Wannmacher Clovis Milton Duval 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a severe deficiency in the branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex activity. Patients MSUD accumulate the branched‐chain amino acids leucine (Leu), isoleucine, valine in blood, and other tissues. Leu and/or their branched‐chain α‐keto acids are linked to neurological damage in MSUD. When immediately diagnosed and treated, patients develop normally. Inflammation in MSUD can elicit a metabolic decompensation crisis. There are few cases of pregnancy in MSUD women, and little is known about the effect of maternal hyperleucinemia on the neurodevelopment of their babies. During pregnancy, some intercurrences like maternal infection or inflammation may affect fetal development and are linked to neurologic diseases. Lipopolysaccharide is widely accepted as a model of maternal inflammation. We analyzed the effects of maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation and the possible positive impact the use of ibuprofen in Wistar rats on a battery of physics (ear unfolding, hair growing, incisors eruption, eye‐opening, and auditive channel opening) and neurological reflexes (palmar grasp, surface righting, negative geotaxis, air‐righting, and auditory‐startle response) maturation parameters in the offspring. Maternal hyperleucinemia and inflammation delayed some physical parameters and neurological reflexes, indicating that both situations may be harmful to fetuses, and ibuprofen reversed some settings.
3CL hydrolase‐based multiepitope peptide vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 using immunoinformatics
Authors: Jakhar Renu , Kaushik Samander , Gakhar Surendra K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study provides the first multiepitope vaccine construct using the 3CL hydrolase protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. This study was based on immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology strategies. The design of the multiepitope vaccine was built using helper T‐cell and cytotoxic T‐cell epitopes from the 3CL hydrolase protein along with an adjuvant to enhance immune response; these are joined to each other by short peptide linkers. The vaccine also carries potential B‐cell linear epitope regions, B‐cell discontinuous epitopes, and interferon‐γ‐inducing epitopes. Epitopes of the constructed multiepitope vaccine were found to be antigenic, nonallergic, nontoxic, and covering large human populations worldwide. The vaccine construct was modeled, validated, and refined by different programs to achieve a high‐quality three‐dimensional structure. The resulting high‐quality model was applied for conformational B‐cell epitope selection and docking analyses with toll‐like receptor‐3 for understanding the capability of the vaccine to elicit an immune response. In silico cloning and codon adaptation were also performed with the pET‐19b plasmid vector. The designed multiepitope peptide vaccine may prompt the development of a vaccine to control SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Impact of methylglyoxal modification of chicken sarcoplasmic protein emulsions on emulsifying properties, rheological behavior and advanced glycation end products
Authors: Zhu Zongshuai , Fang Rui , Ali Iftikhar , Huang Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein modification is used to improve emulsion properties. However, there are limited reports on the effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) modification on emulsifying properties and on the production of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) in chicken sarcoplasmic protein emulsion (SPE). In this study, MGO solution was dispersed into prepared emulsion (17 mg mL−1 sarcoplasmic–soybean oil (v/v 5:1)) at 0, 0.5, 5, 10, 30 and 50 mmol L‐1 concentrations. Emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsifying stability index (ESI), Z‐average diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, rheological behavior (thermal condensation characteristics and fluidity) and AGEs in different concentrations of MGO SPE were measured. In addition, the effect of MGO on the levels of AGEs, lipid and protein oxidation of the emulsion as well as their relationship has also been analyzed.RESULTSOur findings showed that ESI had the lowest value when MGO was added at a concentration of 10 mmol L‐1, while Z‐average, PDI, carbonyl and AGEs had the highest value at the same concentration. Also, 10 mmol L‐1 MGO played an important role in affecting the rheology of the emulsion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) results showed that the presence of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in SPE was the main reason for the crosslinking of polymers which could be damaged by high concentration of MGO (>10 mmol L‐1).CONCLUSIONDifferent concentration of MGO showed varying effects on emulsion properties and on the formation of AGEs in chicken SPE. Pearson's correlation analysis concluded that protein oxidation played a significant positive role during MGO modification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Properties of raspberry powder obtained by a new method of fluidised‐bed jet milling and drying compared to other drying methods
Authors: Sadowska Anna , Świderski Franciszek , Hallmann Ewelina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong food producers, there is a need for and a great interest in obtaining powders from fruit and vegetables characterised by high nutritional values and sensory qualities at favourable prices, preferably lower than those for powders obtained by freeze‐drying (FD). The present study assessed the functional properties, including bioactive ingredient contents, of the raspberry powders obtained by a new method of fluidised‐bed jet milling and drying (FBJD) which has not been yet used on an industrial scale.RESULTSCompared to the powders obtained by FD, the powders obtained by the new method were characterised by a comparable content of vitamin C (~2.70–2.74 mg g−1), approximately 10–15% higher contents of anthocyanins and polyphenols, and higher antioxidant properties. Compared to the powders obtained by convection drying (CD) and spray drying (SD) methods, FBJD powders were characterised by approximately 40% and 80% higher polyphenol contents and 43% and 77% higher antioxidant activities, respectively. The content of vitamin C in FBJD powders was 49% higher than in CD powders, and only 4% higher than in SD powders.CONCLUSIONConsidering the findings outlined above, the method tested is concluded to be competitive with the methods currently used as a result of the high content of bioactive compounds in powders obtained by means of the cheaper, low‐temperature process of simultaneous drying and micronisation in FBJD. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The yield of chest computed tomography in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Suker Mustafa , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Nuyttens Joost J. , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , Eskens Ferry A. L. M. , van Eijck Casper H. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of pulmonary metastases on chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).MethodsAll patients diagnosed with LAPC in a single tertiary center (Erasmus MC) between October 2011 and December 2017 were reviewed. The staging chest CT scan and follow‐up chest CT scans were evaluated. Pulmonary nodules were divided into three categories: apparent benign, too small to characterize, and apparent malignant.ResultsIn 124 consecutive patients diagnosed with LAPC, 119 (96%) patients underwent a staging chest CT scan at the initial presentation. In 88 (74%) patients no pulmonary nodules were found; in 16 (13%) patients an apparent benign pulmonary nodule was found, and in 15 (13%) patients a pulmonary nodule too small to characterize was found. Follow‐up chest CT scan(s) were performed in 111 (93%) patients. In one patient with either no pulmonary nodule or an apparent benign pulmonary nodule at initial staging, an apparent malignant pulmonary nodule was found on a follow‐up chest CT scan. However, a biopsy of the nodule was inconclusive. Of 15 patients in whom a pulmonary nodule too small to characterize was found at staging, 12 (80%) patients underwent a follow‐up CT scan; in 4 (33%) of these patients, an apparent malignant pulmonary nodule was found.ConclusionIn patients with LAPC in whom at diagnosis a chest CT scan revealed either no pulmonary nodules or apparent benign pulmonary nodules, routine follow‐up chest CT scans is not recommended. Patients with pulmonary nodules too small to characterize are at risk to develop apparent malignant pulmonary nodules during follow‐up.