bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Film as an educational tool to train psychotherapists
Authors: Roe David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStarting with Freud who wrote about Dostoyevsky, Michelangelo, and da Vinci, therapists have acknowledged that the humanities and arts contain great sources of insight into human nature. In this paper, I argue for the need to incorporate insights acquired by artists into the training of psychotherapists. Specifically, I present and describe a graduate‐level seminar I teach that uses cinema as a tool to train mental health practitioners. Films are used to expose students to a range of universal human issues; we discuss film characters' conflicts, motivations, sources of suffering, and attempts to cope. Further efforts should be devoted to search for ways to use art to inform and enrich the practice, training, and teaching of psychotherapDirected by Robert Redford and produced in the United Statesy.
Model‐Aided Adults‐to‐Children Pharmacokinetic Extrapolation and Empirical Body Size‐Based Dosing Exploration for Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies—Is Allometry a Reasonable Choice?
Authors: Xu Yan , Langevin Brooke A. , Zhou Honghui , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe importance of pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation in pediatric drug development is well recognized, and a pediatric PK study is generally recommended before pivotal trials to ensure the “right” dose in these studies. The PK of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is primarily affected by body weight, where adults‐to‐children extrapolation may conform to allometry. Therefore, PK behavior of mAbs in pediatrics, particularly for those with linear PK, is expected to be predictable based on data in adults. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed published population PK reports of marketed mAbs and assessed model‐aided PK extrapolation of mAbs to children (2‐17 years) through 5 case studies. For each case study, population PK models were developed based on adult data, with allometric exponents of weight on clearance and volume of distribution fixed as standard values (ie, 0.75 for clearance; 1.0 for volume of distribution), approach 1, or coming from adult model estimates, approach 2. Simulated pediatric PK using these 2 approaches was compared with PK observations in pediatric trials to assess the accuracy in model predictions. For pediatrics 6‐17 years, model performance was generally comparable with the 2 approaches. For children < 6 years, no definite conclusion could be made, as only 1 case study enrolled children 2‐5 years. Our work supports that PK in children 6‐17 years is readily predictable for mAbs with linear PK based on adult data and considering weight effect (allometry). Empirical dosing calculations based on PK simulations with allometry are proposed to convert adult doses to equivalent pediatric doses with exposure matching for mAbs in children 2‐17 years.
Abnormal behaviors in the calibration curves of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry occurring in the quantitative analysis of surfactants near critical micelle concentrations
Authors: Lee Sang Tak , Kim Hyeri , Kwon Jung‐Hwan , Oh Han Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurfactants, including quaternary ammonium compounds, are widely used in daily life as part of consumer chemical products and, more recently, in the shale oil industry. Because of their unique amphiphilic properties, surfactants form micelles at concentrations above a certain threshold known as the critical micelle concentration (CMC). A previous electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies conducted by Siuzdak et al. and others presented indirect evidence regarding micelle formation. Herein, we have used liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to explore how such micelle formations affect the quantitative analysis of surfactants. Results reveal abnormal behaviors in the calibration plots of a few selected anionic and cationic surfactants, such as sodium decyl sulfate (SDeS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), and benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride (BAC‐18). At concentrations close to the respective CMCs of these surfactants, the calibration plot for MTAB flattened, whereas the slopes of the calibration plots for SDeS, SDS, and BAC‐18 suddenly changed. These abnormal behaviors can be related to micelle formation. From a practical perspective, the above observations suggest that in the quantitative analysis of surfactants, high micelle concentrations close to the CMC should be avoided to obtain accurate surfactant measurements.
Detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in conjunctival secretions: Is it a valuable diagnostic method of COVID‐19?
Authors: Güemes‐Villahoz Noemi , Burgos‐Blasco Barbara , Arribi‐Vilela Ana , Arriola‐Villalobos Pedro , Rico‐Luna Carla M. , Cuiña‐Sardiña Ricardo , Delgado‐Iribarren Alberto , García‐Feijoó Julián 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in conjunctival swab specimen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with and without conjunctivitis to establish the diagnostic value of reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in each case and to describe its clinical characteristics. A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Clinico San Carlos of Madrid, Spain. Thirty‐six subjects from the COVID admission unit with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were included. Conjunctival swabs were collected from 18 patients with conjunctivitis and 18 patients without conjunctivitis and RT‐PCR was performed. Conjunctival swab was collected from both eyes of 36 patients (72 eyes), detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in conjunctival swab of two patients (5.5%). Among the 18 patients with conjunctivitis, only one of them (5.5%) showed positive results. Likewise, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in one patient without conjunctivitis (5.5%). The mean age of the 36 patients was 67.9 years (range, 28‐92 years) and the male‐to‐female ratio was 0.44 (16:20). The mean days since the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms until conjunctivitis manifestation was 8 (range, 1‐24 days). The mean duration of the conjunctivitis was 3 days (range, 1‐7 days). SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA may be detected in conjunctival swabs of both patients with and without conjunctivitis. This study revealed the same rate of positive results amongst the group with and without conjunctivitis, suggesting that detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 in ocular fluids is not conditioned on the presence of conjunctivitis. The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in ocular samples highlights the role of the eye as a possible route of transmission of the disease.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV: Virtual screening of potential inhibitors targeting RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase activity (NSP12)
Authors: Ruan Zijing , Liu Chao , Guo Yuting , He Zhenqing , Huang Xinhe , Jia Xu , Yang Tai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the harm caused by coronaviruses to the world cannot be underestimated. Recently, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) initially found to trigger human severe respiratory illness in Wuhan City of China in 2019, has infected more than six million people worldwide by 21 June 2020, and which has been recognized as a public health emergency of international concern as well. And the virus has spread to more than 200 countries around the world. However, the effective drug has not yet been officially licensed or approved to treat SARS‐Cov‐2 and SARS‐Cov infection. NSP12‐NSP7‐NSP8 complex of SARS‐CoV‐2 or SARS‐CoV, essential for viral replication and transcription, is generally regarded as a potential target to fight against the virus. According to the NSP12‐NSP7‐NSP8 complex (PDB ID: 7BW4) structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the NSP12‐NSP7‐NSP8 complex (PDB ID: 6NUR) structure of SARS‐CoV, NSP12‐NSP7 interface model, and NSP12‐NSP8 interface model were established for virtual screening in the present study. Eight compounds (Nilotinib, Saquinavir, Tipranavir, Lonafarnib, Tegobuvir, Olysio, Filibuvir, and Cepharanthine) were selected for binding free energy calculations based on virtual screening and docking scores. All eight compounds can combine well with NSP12‐NSP7‐NSP8 in the crystal structure, providing drug candidates for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 and SARS.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants
Authors: Bratovcic Amra , Nazdrajic Sanela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a rheological study of liquid soaps prepared from different mixture of surfactants as a function of surfactant type and concentration was performed. The curves of shear stress vs. shear rate and viscosity vs. shear rate were recorded at constant temperature, 294 ± 0.1 K. The surface activity properties were also studied. The results of the study showed that values of surface tension, γ, were in the range 31–40 mN m−1 and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), was of the order 10−4 mol L−1. The calculated maximum surface excess, Γmax, varied from 2.40 to 3.66 μmol m−2, while minimum area per molecule, Amin, varied from 41.1 (for amphoterics) to 81.4 Å2 (for nonionic surfactants). The standard free energy of micellization, −29.8 and −29.3 kJ mol−1 for anionic and amphoteric surfactants, respectively, were while values for nonionic surfactants varied between −31.8 and − 30.3 kJ mol−1. The free energy of adsorption, was the lowest for amphoteric surfactants (−37.9 kJ mol−1), followed by anionics (−40.4 kJ mol−1) and nonionics (−43.34 to −46.84 kJ mol−1), indicating that micellization process is spontaneous in the examined medium. The synthetized liquid soaps show pseudoplastic behavior and they achieved pipe flow. The results of this research indicate that flow behavior was affected significantly by the ionic charge of the surfactant and the ionic strength of the formulation, suggesting that the flow behavior could be changed by manipulating the choice of the surfactant and salinity. The pH value of all liquid soaps examined were weakly acidic, in the range of 5.0–6.4.
Monodisperse restricted access material with molecularly imprinted surface for selective solid‐phase extraction of 17β‐estradiol from milk
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Huachun , Sun Zhian , Zhao Shanwen , Zhou Yanqiang , Li Jianmin , Cai Tianpei , Gong Bolin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, novel monodisperse restricted access media‐molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully prepared by surface initiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using monodisperse crosslinked poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) microspheres as the carrier and acryloyl chloride‐modified β‐cyclodextrin as the hydrophilic functional monomer. The surface morphology, protein exclusion, and adsorption properties of the molecularly imprinted polymers were investigated. The results show that the material has excellent monodispersity and hydrophilicity, and simultaneously exhibit high adsorption capacity, fast binding kinetics, high selectivity, and significant thermal stability. The molecularly imprinted polymers as dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent combined with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was used to selectively enrich, separate, and analyze trace 17β‐estradiol in milk samples. The recovery of 17β‐estradiol is 88–95% with relative standard deviation of <4%, and the limits of detection and quantification of this method are 2.08 and 9.29 µg/L, respectively. The novel restricted access media‐molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents provide an effective method for the selective extraction and detection of 17β‐estradiol directly from complex samples.
Influence of the double bond position in combustion chemistry of methyl butene isomers: A shock tube and laser absorption study
Authors: Arafin Farhan , Laich Andrew , Ninnemann Erik , Greene Robert , Rahman Ramees K. , Vasu Subith S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShock tube experiments have been carried out on 2‐methyl‐1‐butene (2M1B), 2‐methyl‐2‐butene (2M2B), and 3‐methyl‐1‐butene (3M1B)—the three isomers of methyl butene compound. Carbon monoxide (CO) time‐histories and ignition delay times are obtained behind reflected shockwaves over the temperature range of 1350‐1630 K and pressures of 8.3‐10.5 atm with stoichiometric mixtures of 0.075% fuel in O2/Ar. Comparative ignition study reveals that 3M1B ignites significantly faster than the other two isomers, while 2M1B dissociates earlier but ignites later than 2M2B. Possible mechanisms for this behavior are discussed with ignition delay time sensitivity and reaction path analysis. In addition, time‐resolved CO measurements are compared with three different reaction mechanisms from the literature. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to identify important reactions that need attention to accurately predict the chemistry of these isomers. Further investigation into the rates of unimolecular fuel decomposition reactions and C3H3 + O2 = CH2CO + HCO reaction are suggested based on the current investigation.
Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of the potential wind erosion rate in the Hexi region, PR China
Authors: Lin Jinkuo , Guan Qingyu , Pan Ninghui , Zhao Rui , Yang Liqin , Xu Chuanqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo reduce the damage caused by wind erosion, the accurate evaluation of wind erosion dynamics and revelation of their driving mechanism are crucial. In this study, the revised wind erosion equation was applied for the estimation of the potential wind erosion rate (PWER) from 1982 to 2015 in the Hexi region, China. Geographic detection, variable control, and correlation analysis were used to determine the contributions of climatic factors and land use patterns to wind erosion. The results showed that the PWER decreased remarkably from 1982 to 2015 (annual average of 67.7 t ha−1yr−1for the entire region). Each year a severe and a mild wind erosion period occurred from October to May and from June to September, respectively. Spatially, the PWER was strong in the eastern, western, and northern regions (especially in the west) and less severe in the central and southern regions, and there was a decreasing tendency in 95% of the area. The PWER of Mongolia (north) was highest, while that of Minle was lowest. Climatic factors primarily determined the PWER in Hexi, among which wind speed was the main factor controlling the intensity of wind erosion. The area with a land use inhibiting wind erosion (3,240 km2) was four times larger than that with a land use promoting wind erosion (800 km2). Meanwhile, the total area with a changing land cover was less than 2% of the study area; therefore, this factor did not significantly affect the PWER in the short term.
Flow‐induced reconfiguration of aquatic plants, including the impact of leaf sheltering
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Nepf Heidi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany aquatic plants are flexible and bend in response to current. This reconfiguration can reduce the drag on the plant, both by reducing the frontal area and by creating a more streamlined shape. Previous studies have considered how the buoyancy and rigidity of a plant impact the drag reduction. This study additionally considered how reconfiguration impacts the sheltering between leaves on a plant and how this, in turn, impacts the drag on the plant. The posture and drag of single‐stemmed, leaved plants were studied through a combination of laboratory experiments and theoretical modeling using both plastic Rotala bonsai and live Bacopa caroliniana. The laboratory experiments measured drag and posture on individual plants over a range of channel velocity. The theoretical model calculated plant posture and drag based on a force balance that included buoyancy, the restoring force due to stem stiffness, and leaf drag modified to account for sheltering between leaves. Leaf sheltering was characterized by a sheltering coefficient, Cs, which is a function of the plant posture, leaf angle, leaf spacing, and leaf width. Cs decreased from 1 to a minimum value, Cs0, associated with a fully deflected, horizontal stem posture. Once validated, the model was used to explore a range of leaf configurations, following examples found in real plants. The modeling and experiments revealed conditions for which drag increased with reconfiguration, and also that the drag reached a finite, limiting value for horizontal stem posture. Neither trend has been described in previous reconfiguration models.
Solution‐Processable Copolymers Based on Triphenylamine and 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene: Facile Synthesis and Multielectrochromism
Authors: Neo Wei Teng , Ye Qun , Chua Ming Hui , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn comparison with traditional inorganic electrochromic materials, organic polymers offer advantages such as fast switching speed, flexibility, lightweightness, low cost and nontoxicity, solution‐processability, and color tunability. Herein, a series of hyper‐branched copolymers are synthesized from triphenylamine and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene with different feed ratios via iron(III) chloride (FeCl3)‐mediated oxidative polymerization. The resultant organic‐soluble polymers are easily processable and their corresponding electrochromic devices are found to be stable with limited degradation upon 2500 cycles. In addition to their facile synthesis to achieve solution‐processable polymers, studies also show that the polymers exhibit multielectrochromic properties and give rise to five colored states upon oxidative‐doping by applying an external voltage between 0 and 2.0 V, providing an interesting example of polymers with unique electrochromic switching among up to five colors, from yellow at the neutral state, to pale green, pale purple, orange, and finally gray.
Photoluminescent Response of Poly(3‐methylthiophene)‐DNA Single Nanowire Correlating to Nucleotide‐Mismatch Locus in DNA–DNA Hybridization
Authors: Park Dong Hyuk , Cui Chunzhi , Ahn Dong June 
Published: June 2020

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polymers have become qualified candidates for biosensing owing to their unique optoelectronic properties and excellent biocompatibility. In this contribution, nucleotide mismatches in DNA hybridization, being variable in position, are reflected in a stark manner by poly(3‐methylthiophene) (P3MT) nanowires (NWs), in which probe DNA sequence is properly functionalized. Selected as the systematic investigation are complementary target DNA (tDNA), random sequence DNA, and three kinds of 1‐mer mismatched tDNAs with different mismatch loci away from the NW's surface. Nanoscale optical observation of the single P3MT NWs in solid states reveals that the more distant the mismatch position is from the surface, the higher the photoluminescence (PL) occurs, while the complementary sequence yields the highest but the random one remains the lowest. Hence, the PL intensity increases with the relative length of the DNA–DNA hybridization from the surface. These results deliver a new basis that π‐conjugated polymers can be potentially applicable to detailed nucleotide analyses as in single nucleotide polymorphism.
Untypically mild phenotype of a patient suffering from Sanfilippo syndrome B with the c.638C>T/c.889C>T (p.Pro213Leu/p.Arg297Ter) mutations in the NAGLU gene
Authors: Pierzynowska Karolina , Mański Arkadiusz , Limanówka Monika , Wierzba Jolanta , Gaffke Lidia , Anikiej Paulina , Węgrzyn Grzegorz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSanfilippo syndrome B (or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB [MPS IIIB]) is a severe inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the NAGLU gene, encoding α‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase. Dysfunction of this enzyme results in impaired degradation of heparan sulfate, one of glycosaminoglycans, and accumulation of this complex carbohydrate in lysosomes. Severe symptoms occurring in this disease are related to progressive neurodegeneration and include extreme hyperactivity, sleeping problems, aggressive‐like behavior, reduced fear, and progressive mental and cognitive deterioration. No cure is currently available for Sanfilippo disease.MethodsClinical characterization of the patient's symptoms has been performed. Biochemical analyses included glycosaminoglycan level determination and measurement of α‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity. Molecular analyses included exome sequencing and detailed analysis of the NAGLU gene. Psychological tests included assessment of attention, communication and behavior.ResultsWe describe a patient with an untypically mild phenotype, who was diagnosed at the age of 13 years. Many cognitive, communication, and motoric functions were preserved in this patient, contrary to vast majority of those suffering from MPS IIIB. The patient is a compound heterozygote (c.638C>T/c.889C>T) in the NAGLU gene, and relatively high residual activity (about 25%) of α‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase was measured in serum (while no activity of this enzyme could be detected in dry blood spot).ConclusionsWe suggest that the mild phenotype might arise from the partially preserved function of the mutant enzyme (p.Pro213Leu), suggesting the genotype‐phenotype correlation in this case.
A Short‐Term Western Diet Impairs Cholesterol Homeostasis and Key Players of Beta Amyloid Metabolism in Brain of Middle Aged Rats
Authors: Spagnuolo Maria Stefania , Pallottini Valentina , Mazzoli Arianna , Iannotta Lucia , Tonini Claudia , Morone Barbara , Ståhlman Marcus , Crescenzo Raffaella , Strazzullo Maria , Iossa Susanna , Cigliano Luisa 
Published: June 2020

ScopeCholesterol homeostasis is crucial for brain functioning. Unhealthy nutrition can influence cerebral physiology, but the effect of western diets on brain cholesterol homeostasis, particularly at middle age, is unknown. Given the link between brain cholesterol alteration and beta amyloid production, the aim is to evaluate whether a diet rich in fat and fructose affects the protein network implicated in cholesterol synthesis and shuttling between glial cells and neurons, as well as crucial markers of beta amyloid metabolism.Methods and resultsMiddle aged rats are fed a high fat–high fructose (HFF) or a control diet for 4 weeks. Inflammatory markers and cholesterol levels significantly increase in hippocampus of HFF rats. A higher activation of 3‐hydroxy 3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme‐A reductase, coupled with lower levels of apolipoprotein E, LXR‐beta, and lipoproteins receptors is measured in hippocampus from HFF rats. The alteration of critical players of cholesterol homeostasis is associated with increased level of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and nicastrin, and decreased level of insulin degrading enzyme.ConclusionsOverall these data show that a western diet is associated with perturbation of cholesterol homeostasis in middle aged rats, mostly in hippocampus. This might trigger molecular events involved in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.