bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of two different positions on stress, pain and feeding tolerance of preterm infants during tube feeding
Authors: Ceylan Sibel Serap , Keskin Züleyha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the effects of semi‐elevated right lateral and semi‐elevated supine positions on feeding tolerance, stress severity and pain levels among premature infants during tube feeding.MethodsThis was a randomized cross‐over clinical trial. A total of 34 premature infants who were fed via orogastric tube were included in this study. Feeding tolerance was assessed by abdominal circumference measurements and checking gastric residuals; this assessment was single blinded. Physiological values were evaluated before, during and after tube feeding. The stress severity and pain levels of the infants were also evaluated independently by the researchers before, during and after tube feeding. A significance level of .05 was accepted for all statistical analyses.ResultsThere were no difference between infants' vital signs, stress and pain scores according to feeding positions before tube feeding (p > .05). By feeding positions, a statistically significant difference was found between infants' vital signs, abdominal circumference and gastric residuals of infants during tube feeding. Pain and stress levels of infants were found to be significantly higher in the semi‐elevated supine position during tube feeding (p < .05).ConclusionsUse of the semi‐elevated right lateral position during tube feeding was found to have a more helpful effect in reducing stress and pain among premature infants when compared with the use of the semi‐elevated supine position.
The role of parental depression during early childhood obesity treatment—Secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ek Anna , Vásquez‐Barquero María Yasmín , Sandvik Pernilla , Eli Karin , Somaraki Maria , Nowicka Paulina 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundParental depression is a risk factor for childhood obesity.ObjectivesTo examine the influence of parental depression on child weight status, eating behaviours, and parental feeding practices during childhood obesity treatment.MethodsHundred and twenty eight children with obesity aged 4 to 6 years and their parents were randomized to a parent support program or to standard treatment. At baseline and after 12 months, children's heights and weights were measured. Parents reported levels of depression (Beck's Depression Inventory‐II), feeding practices (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and children's eating behaviors (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Independent and dependent paired sample t‐tests and linear regressions were used to analyze data.ResultsAfter obesity treatment, mothers reported lower levels of depression, whereas fathers did not. No associations were found between parental level of depression and child weight status, or between baseline level of parental depression and feeding practices. Associations were found between baseline parental depression and children's food responsiveness (β = .03; P = .01; 95% CI [0.01, 0.05]), emotional overeating (β = .02; P = .02; 95% CI [0.004, 0.04]), and desire to drink (β = .02; P = .03; 95% CI [0.002, 0.04]) (adjusted for background variables).ConclusionsParental depression did not influence child weight status or parental feeding practices but was associated with obesity‐related child eating behaviors.
An Investigation into a Digital Strategy for Industrial Design Education
Authors: Aldoy Noor , Andrew Evans Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the number of digital natives increases and the range of digital design tools / media continues to expand, it is timely to examine the potential for an entirely digital industrial design process that can be employed in practice and education. Following a literature review, a draft Digital Industrial Design (DID) strategy that focuses on the core design activities of sketching, drawing, model making, and prototyping was generated. A paper‐based, theoretical model was established and presented to graduating students, academics and practitioners. The results indicated that, while graduating students were interested in employing an approach based entirely on digital methods, the majority had doubts about its capacity to replace conventional and hybrid methods. The removal of paper‐based sketching, the conventional hands‐on experience when model making, and the cost of digital tools were identified as primary concerns. Although academics believed that the future of industrial design programmes would become increasingly digital, it was identified that current programmes were failing to exploit the opportunities afforded by these technologies fully.
COPD patients with chronic bronchitis and higher sputum eosinophil counts show increased type‐2 and PDE4 gene expression in sputum
Authors: Singh Dave , Bassi Michele , Balzano Deborah , Lucci Germano , Emirova Aida , Anna Nandeuil Marie , Jellema Gera , Afolabi Ebenezer K. , Leaker Brian , Kornmann Oliver , Michael Beeh Kai , Watz Henrik , Govoni Mirco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with higher eosinophil counts are associated with increased clinical response to phosphodiesterase‐4‐inhibitors (PDE4i). However, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms associated with this increased response is not yet elucidated. This post hoc analysis focused on sputum gene expression in patients with chronic bronchitis who underwent 32‐day treatment with two doses of the inhaled PDE4i CHF6001 (tanimilast) or placebo on top of triple therapy. Biological characterization and treatment effects were assessed between patients with different sputum eosinophil levels (eosinophilhigh ≥ 3%; eosinophillow < 3%) at baseline (primary samples) or at the end of the treatment of the placebo arm (validation samples). Forty‐one genes were differentially expressed in primary samples (p‐adjusted for false discovery rate < 0.05); all up‐regulated in eosinophilhigh patients and functionally enriched for type‐2 and PDE4 inflammatory processes. Eleven out of nineteen genes having immune system biological processes annotations including IL5RA, ALOX15, IL1RL1, CLC, GATA1 and PDE4D were replicated using validation samples. The expression of a number of these inflammatory mediators was reduced by tanimilast treatment, with greater effects observed in eosinophilhigh patients. These findings suggest that type‐2 and PDE4 overexpression in COPD patients with higher sputum eosinophil counts contribute to the differential clinical response to PDE4i observed in previous clinical trials.
Evaluation of sexual orientation and gender identity documentation at school‐based health centers in New York City
Authors: Serafino Stephanie , Rajoria Melinda , Gold Melanie A. , Garbers Samantha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationaleNational organizations have called for routine collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in clinical settings to track access to and quality of care provided to sexual and gender minority patients to improve health outcomes. However, there are limited data on this implementation for among adolescent populations.MethodsA secondary data analysis from seven school‐based health centers (SBHCs) in New York City explored SOGI documentation for 8888 adolescent patients in 2015 to 2018. Using Electronic Health Records, SBHC medical providers' implementation rate of patient SOGI documentation was assessed. Trends in SOGI documentation were reviewed.ResultsAt 18‐month post‐EHR modification and training, SOGI documentation increased and was sustained at 47%. Those documented as female were significantly more likely to have SOGI documentation compared to those documented as male (36% vs 26% for SO; 36% vs 25% for GI).ConclusionsThis study identified incomplete data collection in SOGI documentation among adolescents receiving medical and mental health services in SBHCs.
microRNAs in inflammatory alveolar bone defect: A review
Authors: Yuan Yun , Zhang Hongming , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInflammatory alveolar bone defects are caused by periodontal pathogens, are one of the most common oral diseases in the clinic, and are characterized by periodontal support tissue damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of inflammatory lesions and modulate bone metabolism through the posttranscriptional regulation of target genes. In recent years, studies have confirmed that some miRNAs play significant roles in the development of inflammatory alveolar bone defects. Therefore, we reviewed the correlation between miRNAs and inflammatory alveolar bone defects and elucidated the underlying mechanisms to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory alveolar bone defects.
Effects of oral appliance treatment on inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hedberg Pär , Nohlert Eva , Tegelberg Åke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to increased circulating concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers and treatment may change these. We aimed to assess the effect of oral appliance (OA) therapy on inflammatory biomarkers in a randomised controlled pilot trial. A total of 71 patients with OSA and systemic hypertension were randomly allocated to an active, mandible protruded (OAa) or a passive, mandible non‐protruded device (OAp) treatment. Serum concentrations of the inflammatory biomarkers white blood cells, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and tumour necrosis factor‐α were measured at baseline and after 3 months of OA treatment. The differences between treatment groups in biomarker concentration change during the treatment were presented as the Vargha and Delaney effect size and evaluated with the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. This effect size expresses the probability of a higher value in a random participant from one group compared with a random patient from the other group, and a value of 0.5 means stochastically equal groups. After 3 months of treatment, there was a significant reduction of the apnea–hypopnea index in the OAa group compared with the OAp group (effect size 0.258, 95% confidence interval 0.146–0.386, p < .001). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the inflammatory markers’ concentration changes during the treatment period (effect sizes between 0.488 and 0.524; all p values ≥.737). Thus, OA treatment for 3 months did not affect circulating concentrations of some common inflammatory markers in patients with OSA and systemic hypertension.
Niger Delta conflict and the cry for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria: A study of Akpos Adesi's Agadagba Warriors
Authors: Mark Tekena Gasper 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Nigerian polity, since its independence, has faced many problems. Some of these problems are high rates of unemployment and poverty, religious intolerance, inter‐ethnic conflicts, resource control, etc. Attempts have been made by the past and present governments to address some of these challenges, but all attempts have proven futile. This has led many concerned groups to call for a restructuring of the country to make for fairness in the distribution and management of the nation's resources. This paper examines restructuring and the cry for true federalism in Nigeria using Akpos Adesi's Agadagba Warriors whose premiere performance was on the 12 May 2006 as a case study. The study employs the case study and content analysis research approaches of the qualitative method. The paper claims that Akpos Adesi's play metaphorizes the main causes of anti‐Nigeria agitations, deduced from the text as ethnic sentiments, lack of equity in the sharing of the nation's resources and concentration of political authority at the central government. As seen in the play, the Niger Delta, amongst the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, contributes the highest quota to Nigeria's economy, in terms of crude oil production, which is the mainstay of Nigeria's economy. However, the lack of the practice of true federalism and unequal distribution of the wealth accrued from crude oil sales to the Niger Delta results in constant conflict between the federal government and Niger Deltans. Separatist tendencies and the clamour for restructuring of the nation by the Niger Deltans become the driving themes of this discourse.
Bacterial epibiont communities of panmictic Antarctic krill are spatially structured
Authors: Clarke Laurence J. , Suter Léonie , King Rob , Bissett Andrew , Bestley Sophie , Deagle Bruce E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are amongst the most abundant animals on Earth, with a circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. Genetic and genomic studies have failed to detect any population structure for the species, suggesting a single panmictic population. However, the hyper‐abundance of krill slows the rate of genetic differentiation, masking potential underlying structure. Here we use high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to show that krill bacterial epibiont communities exhibit spatial structuring, driven mainly by distance rather than environmental factors, especially for strongly krill‐associated bacteria. Estimating the ecological processes driving bacterial community turnover indicated this was driven by bacterial dispersal limitation increasing with geographic distance. Furthermore, divergent epibiont communities generated from a single krill swarm split between aquarium tanks under near‐identical conditions suggests physical isolation in itself can cause krill‐associated bacterial communities to diverge. Our findings show that Antarctic krill‐associated bacterial communities are geographically structured, in direct contrast with the lack of structure observed for krill genetic and genomic data.
The fungal‐specific histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 regulates development, DNA damage response, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Zhang Yuanwei , Fan Jialu , Ye Jing , Lu Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotes, histone acetylation catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) has been demonstrated to be critical for various physiological processes. However, the biological functions of HAT and the underlying mechanism by which HAT‐regulated processes are involved in fungal development and virulence in the human opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus remain largely unexplored. Here, we functionally characterized the roles of Rtt109 in A. fumigatus, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone acetyltransferase Rtt109. In vivo and in vitro HAT assays revealed that AfRtt109 functions as a canonical histone acetyltransferase, acetylating lysines 9 and 56 of histone H3. Deletion of Afrtt109 leads to severe defects in vegetative growth, conidiation, and causes reduced virulence in the Galleria mellonella model, as well as hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents. Moreover, site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that the conserved arginine residues R265 and R306 of Rtt109 are required for the H3K9 and H3K56 acetylation and virulence of A. fumigatus. Unexpectedly, R265E and R306E mutants did not exhibit any detectable phenotypic defects, implying that A. fumigatus Rtt109 regulates fungal development via histone acetylation‐independent mechanisms. Together, our results revealed the critical role of fungal‐specific HAT Rtt109 in regulating fungal development and virulence, and suggested that it may serve as a unique target for antifungal therapies.
Discoid Labral Meniscus Covering Two‐Thirds of a Type C Glenoid: A Case Report
Authors: Wolf Olof , Ekholm Carl 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundGlenoid morphology and dysplasia have been extensively described in conjunction with shoulder arthritis. Dysplastic glenoids have a substantial inherent retroversion, a deficient posteroinferior rim, a short scapular neck, and an inferior inclination of the joint surface. The effect of dysplasia on fracture surgery has not been reported to the same extent.Case presentationA 65‐year‐old man presented with a proximal humeral fracture. The patient was scheduled for osteosynthesis. The head was deemed unrepairable at the time of surgery and the operative plan changed to replace the proximal humerus. A discoid meniscus‐like labral extension covering two‐thirds of the glenoid was encountered. This finding covered a dysplastic glenoid. The combination of a fracture and a dysplastic glenoid had not been accounted for and made the reconstruction more difficult. The patient received a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty after perioperative considerations regarding reconstruction. At the 2‐month follow up, the patient had a satisfactory clinical outcome, with 90° of flexion and minimal residual pain.ConclusionThis case illustrates that elective disorders with dysplasia also present to the fracture team. Careful analysis of preoperative imaging should result in an operative plan taking unexpected findings into account.
Improved Ultraviolet Radiation Film Dosimetry Using OrthoChromic OC‐1 Film†
Authors: Welch David , Brenner David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in far‐UVC lighting, defined as wavelengths from 200 to 230 nm, because research has demonstrated these wavelengths to be an effective antimicrobial technology while posing a minimal hazard to human health. Far‐UVC lighting is now being installed to directly irradiate spaces where humans are present, and it will be important to perform measurements to verify far‐UVC lighting installations are operating within widely accepted exposure guidelines. In this work, we explore the use of a commercially available film, known as OrthoChromic OC‐1, to measure ultraviolet radiation exposure. The film was tested with a variety of ultraviolet wavelengths and irradiance conditions, and the color change of the film was analyzed for increasing levels of radiant exposure. The film response extended over a dynamic range that was greater than the recommended exposure limits for far‐UVC radiation so it can potentially be useful for health hazard monitoring. The spectrum of the incident ultraviolet radiation strongly affected the response of the film; therefore, for accurate measurements we recommend the measured spectrum match the spectrum used for calibration. Overall, dosimetry with this film provides a simple, accurate, and inexpensive method of quantifying ultraviolet radiation exposure that is suitable for far‐UVC measurements.
Household savings constraints, uncertainty and macroprudential policy
Authors: O'Toole Conor , McQuinn Kieran , Economides Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate the impact of macroprudential policy on Irish households' perception of savings adequacy, with a particular focus on households intending to purchase a home. These measures tighten loan‐to‐value ratios and raise the entry cost for home purchase. We find that the measures have had a significant impact on savings constraints. Indeed, constrained potential buyers, who are planning to purchase, but not presently saving to buy a home, are the group most affected as the macroprudential rules increase the downpayment size required. Heterogeneous effects across households indicate younger, private renting households, and those with relatively uncertain cash flows.
Lipids in xylem sap of woody plants across the angiosperm phylogeny
Authors: Schenk H. Jochen , Michaud Joseph M. , Mocko Kerri , Espino Susana , Melendres Tatiana , Roth Mary R. , Welti Ruth , Kaack Lucian , Jansen Steven 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYLipids have been observed attached to lumen‐facing surfaces of mature xylem conduits of several plant species, but there has been little research on their functions or effects on water transport, and only one lipidomic study of the xylem apoplast. Therefore, we conducted lipidomic analyses of xylem sap from woody stems of seven plants representing six major angiosperm clades, including basal magnoliids, monocots and eudicots, to characterize and quantify phospholipids, galactolipids and sulfolipids in sap using mass spectrometry. Locations of lipids in vessels of Laurus nobilis were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Xylem sap contained the galactolipids di‐ and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as all common plant phospholipids, but only traces of sulfolipids, with total lipid concentrations in extracted sap ranging from 0.18 to 0.63 nmol ml−1 across all seven species. Contamination of extracted sap from lipids in cut living cells was found to be negligible. Lipid composition of sap was compared with wood in two species and was largely similar, suggesting that sap lipids, including galactolipids, originate from cell content of living vessels. Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sap were observed for one species. Lipid layers coated all lumen‐facing vessel surfaces of L. nobilis, and lipids were highly concentrated in inter‐vessel pits. The findings suggest that apoplastic, amphiphilic xylem lipids are a universal feature of angiosperms. The findings require a reinterpretation of the cohesion‐tension theory of water transport to account for the effects of apoplastic lipids on dynamic surface tension and hydraulic conductance in xylem.
Endogenous gibberellins affect root nodule symbiosis via transcriptional regulation of NODULE INCEPTION in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Akamatsu Akira , Nagae Miwa , Nishimura Yuka , Romero Montero Daniela , Ninomiya Satsuki , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Masayoshi , Takeda Naoya 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYLegumes and nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria establish root nodule symbiosis, which is orchestrated by several plant hormones. Exogenous addition of biologically active gibberellic acid (GA) is known to inhibit root nodule symbiosis. However, the precise role of GA has not been elucidated because of the trace amounts of these hormones in plants and the multiple functions of GAs. Here, we found that GA signaling acts as a key regulator in a long‐distance negative‐feedback system of root nodule symbiosis called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA biosynthesis is activated during nodule formation in and around the nodule vascular bundles, and bioactive GAs accumulate in the nodule. In addition, GA signaling induces expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) via a cis‐acting region on the NIN promoter. Mutants with deletions of this cis‐acting region have increased susceptibility to rhizobial infection and reduced GA‐induced CLE‐RS1 and CLE‐RS2 expression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of GAs occurs through AON. This is supported by the GA‐insensitive phenotypes of an AON‐defective mutant of HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1) and a reciprocal grafting experiment. Thus, endogenous GAs induce NIN expression via its GA‐responsive cis‐acting region, and subsequently the GA‐induced NIN activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.