bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber Surfaces for many Variables
Authors: Blecha C. , Raith F. , Präger A. J. , Nagel T. , Kolditz O. , Maßmann J. , Röber N. , Böttinger M. , Scheuermann G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScientific visualization deals with increasingly complex data consisting of multiple fields. Typical disciplines generating multivariate data are fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, geology, bioengineering, and climate research. Quite often, scientists are interested in the relation between some of these variables. A popular visualization technique for a single scalar field is the extraction and rendering of isosurfaces. With this technique, the domain can be split into two parts, i.e. a volume with higher values and one with lower values than the selected isovalue. Fiber surfaces generalize this concept to two or three scalar variables up to now. This article extends the notion further to potentially any finite number of scalar fields. We generalize the fiber surface extraction algorithm of Raith et al. [RBN∗19] from 3 to d dimensions and demonstrate the technique using two examples from geology and climate research. The first application concerns a generic model of a nuclear waste repository and the second one an atmospheric simulation over central Europe. Both require complex simulations which involve multiple physical processes. In both cases, the new extended fiber surfaces helps us finding regions of interest like the nuclear waste repository or the power supply of a storm due to their characteristic properties.
Data Comets: Designing a Visualization Tool for Analyzing Autonomous Aerial Vehicle Logs with Grounded Evaluation
Authors: Saffo David , Leventidis Aristotelis , Jain Twinkle , Borkin Michelle A. , Dunne Cody 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutonomous unmanned aerial vehicles are complex systems of hardware, software, and human input. Understanding this complexity is key to their development and operation. Information visualizations already exist for exploring flight logs but comprehensive analyses currently require several disparate and custom tools. This design study helps address the pain points faced by autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle developers and operators. We contribute: a spiral development process model for grounded evaluation visualization development focused on progressively broadening target user involvement and refining user goals; a demonstration of the model as part of developing a deployed and adopted visualization system; a data and task abstraction for developers and operators performing post‐flight analysis of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle logs; the design and implementation of Data Comets, an open‐source and web‐based interactive visualization tool for post‐flight log analysis incorporating temporal, geospatial, and multivariate data; and the results of a summative evaluation of the visualization system and our abstractions based on in‐the‐wild usage. A free copy of this paper and source code are available at osf.io/h4p7g
GTMapLens: Interactive Lens for Geo‐Text Data Browsing on Map
Authors: Ma Chao , Zhao Ye , AL‐Dohuki Shamal , Yang Jing , Ye Xinyue , Kamw Farah , Amiruzzaman Md 
Published: July 2020

AbstractData containing geospatial semantics, such as geotagged tweets, travel blogs, and crime reports, associates natural language texts with geographical locations. This paper presents a lens‐based visual interaction technique, GTMapLens, to flexibly browse the geo‐text data on a map. It allows users to perform dynamic focus+context exploration by using movable lenses to browse geographical regions, find locations of interest, and perform comparative and drill‐down studies. Geo‐text data is visualized in a way that users can easily perceive the underlying geospatial semantics along with lens moving. Based on a requirement analysis with a cohort of multidisciplinary domain experts, a set of lens interaction techniques are developed including keywords control, path management, context visualization, and snapshot anchors. They allow users to achieve a guided and controllable exploration of geo‐text data. A hierarchical data model enables the interactive lens operations by accelerated data retrieval from a geo‐text database. Evaluation with real‐world datasets is presented to show the usability and effectiveness of GTMapLens.
Sublinear Time Force Computation for Big Complex Network Visualization
Authors: Meidiana Amyra , Hong Seok‐Hee , Torkel Marnijati , Cai Shijun , Eades Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new framework for sublinear time force computation for visualization of big complex graphs. Our algorithm is based on the sampling of vertices for computing repulsion forces and edge sparsification for attraction force computation. More specifically, for vertex sampling, we present three types of sampling algorithms, including random sampling, geometric sampling, and combinatorial sampling, to reduce the repulsion force computation to sublinear in the number of vertices. We utilize a spectral sparsification approach to reduce the number of attraction force computations to sublinear in the number of edges for dense graphs. We also present a smart initialization method based on radial tree drawing of the BFS spanning tree rooted at the center.Experiments show that our new sublinear time force computation algorithms run quite fast, while producing good visualization of large and complex networks, with significant improvements in quality metrics such as shape‐based and edge crossing metrics.
Infomages: Embedding Data into Thematic Images
Authors: Coelho D. , Mueller K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that visually embellished charts such as infographics have the ability to engage viewers and positively affect memorability. Fueled by these findings, researchers have proposed a variety of infographic design tools. However, these tools do not cover the entire design space. In this work, we identify a subset of infographics that we call infomages. Infomages are casual visuals of data in which a data chart is embedded into a thematic image such that the content of the image reflects the subject and the designer's interpretation of the data. Creating an effective infomage, however, can require a fair amount of design expertise and is thus out of reach for most people. In order to also afford non‐artists with the means to design convincing infomages, we first study the principled design of existing infomages and identify a set of key chart embedding techniques. Informed by these findings we build a design tool that links web‐scale image search with a set of interactive image processing tools to empower novice users with the ability to design a wide variety of infomages. As the embedding process might introduce some amount of visual distortion of the data our tool also aids users to gauge the amount of this distortion, if any. We experimentally demonstrate the usability of our tool and conclude with a discussion of infomages and our design tool.
Survey on Individual Differences in Visualization
Authors: Liu Zhengliang , Crouser R. Jordan , Ottley Alvitta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopments in data visualization research have enabled visualization systems to achieve great general usability and application across a variety of domains. These advancements have improved not only people's understanding of data, but also the general understanding of people themselves, and how they interact with visualization systems. In particular, researchers have gradually come to recognize the deficiency of having one‐size‐fits‐all visualization interfaces, as well as the significance of individual differences in the use of data visualization systems. Unfortunately, the absence of comprehensive surveys of the existing literature impedes the development of this research. In this paper, we review the research perspectives, as well as the personality traits and cognitive abilities, visualizations, tasks, and measures investigated in the existing literature. We aim to provide a detailed summary of existing scholarship, produce evidence‐based reviews, and spur future inquiry.
The State of the Art in Enhancing Trust in Machine Learning Models with the Use of Visualizations
Authors: Chatzimparmpas A. , Martins R. M. , Jusufi I. , Kucher K. , Rossi F. , Kerren A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models are nowadays used in complex applications in various domains, such as medicine, bioinformatics, and other sciences. Due to their black box nature, however, it may sometimes be hard to understand and trust the results they provide. This has increased the demand for reliable visualization tools related to enhancing trust in ML models, which has become a prominent topic of research in the visualization community over the past decades. To provide an overview and present the frontiers of current research on the topic, we present a State‐of‐the‐Art Report (STAR) on enhancing trust in ML models with the use of interactive visualization. We define and describe the background of the topic, introduce a categorization for visualization techniques that aim to accomplish this goal, and discuss insights and opportunities for future research directions. Among our contributions is a categorization of trust against different facets of interactive ML, expanded and improved from previous research. Our results are investigated from different analytical perspectives: (a) providing a statistical overview, (b) summarizing key findings, (c) performing topic analyses, and (d) exploring the data sets used in the individual papers, all with the support of an interactive web‐based survey browser. We intend this survey to be beneficial for visualization researchers whose interests involve making ML models more trustworthy, as well as researchers and practitioners from other disciplines in their search for effective visualization techniques suitable for solving their tasks with confidence and conveying meaning to their data.
Survey on the Analysis of User Interactions and Visualization Provenance
Authors: Xu Kai , Ottley Alvitta , Walchshofer Conny , Streit Marc , Chang Remco , Wenskovitch John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is fast‐growing literature on provenance‐related research, covering aspects such as its theoretical framework, use cases, and techniques for capturing, visualizing, and analyzing provenance data. As a result, there is an increasing need to identify and taxonomize the existing scholarship. Such an organization of the research landscape will provide a complete picture of the current state of inquiry and identify knowledge gaps or possible avenues for further investigation. In this STAR, we aim to produce a comprehensive survey of work in the data visualization and visual analytics field that focus on the analysis of user interaction and provenance data. We structure our survey around three primary questions: (1) WHY analyze provenance data, (2) WHAT provenance data to encode and how to encode it, and (3) HOW to analyze provenance data. A concluding discussion provides evidence‐based guidelines and highlights concrete opportunities for future development in this emerging area. The survey and papers discussed can be explored online interactively at https://provenance-survey.caleydo.org.
State of the Art in Time‐Dependent Flow Topology: Interpreting Physical Meaningfulness Through Mathematical Properties
Authors: Bujack Roxana , Yan Lin , Hotz Ingrid , Garth Christoph , Wang Bei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a state‐of‐the‐art report on time‐dependent flow topology. We survey representative papers in visualization and provide a taxonomy of existing approaches that generalize flow topology from time‐independent to time‐dependent settings. The approaches are classified based upon four categories: tracking of steady topology, reference frame adaption, pathline classification or clustering, and generalization of critical points. Our unique contributions include introducing a set of desirable mathematical properties to interpret physical meaningfulness for time‐dependent flow visualization, inferring mathematical properties associated with selective research papers, and utilizing such properties for classification. The five most important properties identified in the existing literature include coincidence with the steady case, induction of a partition within the domain, Lagrangian invariance, objectivity, and Galilean invariance.
Practical Product Sampling by Fitting and Composing Warps
Authors: Hart D. , Pharr M. , Müller T. , Lopes W. , McGuire M. , Shirley P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce a Monte Carlo importance sampling method for integrands composed of products and show its application to rendering where direct sampling of the product is often difficult. Our method is based on warp functions that operate on the primary samples in [0,1)n, where each warp approximates sampling a single factor of the product distribution. Our key insight is that individual factors are often well‐behaved and inexpensive to fit and sample in primary sample space, which leads to a practical, efficient sampling algorithm. Our sampling approach is unbiased, easy to implement, and compatible with multiple importance sampling. We show the results of applying our warps to projected solid angle sampling of spherical triangles, to sampling bilinear patch light sources, and to sampling glossy BSDFs and area light sources, with efficiency improvements of over 1.6× on real‐world scenes.
A randomized controlled study comparing guided bone regeneration with connective tissue graft to reestablish buccal convexity at implant sites: A 1‐year volumetric analysis
Authors: De Bruyckere Thomas , Cabeza Ricardo Garcia , Eghbali Aryan , Younes Faris , Cleymaet Roberto , Cosyn Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo volumetrically compare guided bone regeneration (GBR) with connective tissue graft (CTG) to reestablish convexity at the buccal aspect of single implants.Materials and methodsPatients with a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla and horizontal alveolar defect were enrolled in a single‐blind randomized clinical trial (RCT). All sites had a buccopalatal bone dimension of at least 6 mm, received a single implant, and were randomly allocated to the control (GBR) or test group (CTG) to reestablish buccal soft tissue convexity. Patients received a provisional crown at 3 months and a permanent crown at 6 months. Primary outcomes were volumetric increase (mm3) and linear increase (mm) in buccal soft tissue profile (BSP) within a well‐defined area of interest at fixed time points. Alveolar process deficiency was a secondary outcome.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were included per group (control: 11 females, mean age 51; test: 9 females, mean age 48). After 1 year, GBR resulted in a significant volumetric increase of 20.74 mm3(P< .001) corresponding to linear increase in BSP of 1.30 mm (P< .001). For CTG, this was 15.86 (P< .001) and 1.19 mm (P< .001), respectively. The changes over time in volume (P= .173) and BSP (P= .241) were not significantly different between the groups. Twenty‐nine percentage and 26% of the final volumetric increase was the result of installing and altering prosthetic components in the control and test groups, respectively. Alveolar process deficiency significantly reduced from pre‐op to 1 year following GBR (P< .001) and CTG (P< .001). The difference between the groups was not significant (P= .342). However, 58% of the patients treated with GBR and 38% treated with CTG failed to show perfect soft tissue convexity at the buccal aspect.ConclusionGBR as well as CTG are effective in reducing horizontal alveolar defects for aesthetic purposes. However, in about half of the cases, either strategy failed to optimally reestablish buccal convexity.
Convergence of stakeholders’ environmental threat perceptions following mass coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Thiault Lauric , Curnock Matthew I. , Gurney Georgina G. , Heron Scott F. , Marshall Nadine A. , Bohensky Erin , Nakamura Nao , Pert Petina L. , Claudet Joachim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManaging human use of ecosystems in an era of rapid environmental change requires an understanding of diverse stakeholders’ behaviors and perceptions to enable effective prioritization of actions to mitigate multiple threats. Specifically, research examining how threat perceptions are shared or diverge among stakeholder groups and how these can evolve through time is increasingly important. We investigated environmental threat perceptions related to Australia's Great Barrier Reef and explored their associations before and after consecutive years of mass coral bleaching. We used data from surveys of commercial fishers, tourism operators, and coastal residents (n = 5254) conducted in 2013 and 2017. Threats perceived as most serious differed substantially among groups before bleaching but were strongly aligned after bleaching. Climate change became the most frequently reported threat by all stakeholder groups following the coral bleaching events, and perceptions of fishing and poor water quality as threats also ranked high. Within each of the 3 stakeholder groups, fishers, tourism operators, and coastal residents, the prioritization of these 3 threats tended to diverge in 2013, but convergence occurred after bleaching. These results indicate an emergence of areas of agreement both within and across stakeholder groups. Changes in perceptions were likely influenced by high‐profile environmental‐disturbance events and media representations of threats. Our results provide insights into the plasticity of environmental‐threat perceptions and highlight how their convergence in response to major events may create new opportunities for strategic public engagement and increasing support for management.
An audit of cytopathology in the oral and maxillofacial region: 18 years of experience
Authors: Pérez‐de‐Oliveira Maria Eduarda , Petersen Wagner Vivian , do Amaral‐Silva Gleyson Kleber , Almeida Leite Amanda , Ajudarte Lopes Márcio , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Jorge Júnior Jacks , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Agustin Vargas Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to perform an audit of oral and maxillofacial specimens submitted for cytological diagnosis to verify the importance of this complementary examination.MethodsA retrospective analysis of our institutional cytopathology database was performed over an 18‐year period. Clinical information and cytological data were collected. Associations between independent variables and outcomes were assessed using the Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's test, with a 5% significance level. When available, the histological diagnosis was compared with cytological diagnosis to identify the percentage of agreement and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of cytology in identifying malignant neoplasms.ResultsA total of 1082 cases were identified, which included 65 different cytological diagnoses. Exfoliative cytology (EC) was performed in 312 cases (29.1%) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 770 cases (70.9%). EC was mainly employed to diagnose oral infectious diseases (P < 0.001) and FNAC to diagnose neoplasms, cystic, reactive and miscellaneous lesions (P < 0.001). Cell‐block was performed in 555 FNAC cases (51.3%). Panoptic, Papanicolaou and haematoxylin‐eosin staining were performed in FNAC and periodic acid‐Schiff in EC (P < 0.001). In 211 cases (19.5%), the histological diagnosis was available and the percentage agreement with the cytological diagnosis was 41.2%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy to identify malignant neoplasms were 84.6%, 100%, 100%, 77.8% and 90.0%, respectively.ConclusionsEC was mainly performed for diagnosis of infectious diseases and FNAC for diagnosis of salivary gland tumours, odontogenic lesions, reactive lesions and cervical metastasis.
Noxa upregulation and 5‐gene apoptotic biomarker panel in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kosmidou Vivian , Vlassi Margarita , Anagiotos Kyriakos , Raftopoulou Sofia , Kalogerakou Eirini , Skarmalioraki Salomi , Aggeli Chrysanthi , Choreftaki Theodosia , Zografos George , Pintzas Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNOXA and MCL1 are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, where Noxa selectively binds to MCL1 and prevents it from inhibiting apoptosis. Both factors are considered as potential tumour biomarkers, while MCL1 has attracted interest as target in cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of NOXA and MCL1 in 160 CRC tumour samples, to investigate their significance, also in combination with IAPs, DR5 expression and KRAS gene mutations in CRC.Materials and methodsFresh frozen colorectal tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgery for CRC. Real‐time quantitative PCR was performed for the determination of mRNA expression levels. Protein expression was determined immunohistochemically. Differences in the mRNA expression profile were evaluated with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Mann‐Whitney U test and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsNOXA was found to be overexpressed in CRC tumours (P < .0001), even from early stage. Moreover, NOXA/MCL1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in tumour samples compared to normal pairs (P < .0001). ROC curve analysis showed that both NOXA expression and its combination with Mcl1 expression have fair discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue. Combinatorial ROC analysis revealed the most significant discriminatory value of NOXA, MCL1 with cIAP1 and cIAP2 (AUC = 0.834, P < .0001) as a 5‐gene panel of markers.ConclusionNoxa, Mcl1, DR5, cIAP1 and cIAP2 mRNA expressions are significantly deregulated in CRC and could provide a panel of markers with significant discriminatory value between CRC and normal colorectal tissue.
Community clinic and emergency department physicians' adherence to acute pharyngitis antibiotic treatment guidelines
Authors: Levi Esther , Ronen Ohad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic treatment guidelines for common infectious diseases enable proper diagnosis and treatment and avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment, preventing both financial expenditure and antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics.MethodsThe aim of our study was to investigate whether community physicians referring patients to the medical centre and whether emergency department (ED) physicians diagnose and treat acute pharyngitis according to these guidelines. We conducted a retrospective study. Data were collected on 99 patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute pharyngitis. The patients were admitted to the medical centre between 2015 and 2014. The physicians' adherence to antibiotic guidelines for indication, type and duration of treatment for acute pharyngitis was examined.ResultsThe adherence of community physicians regarding the indication for antibiotic treatment was low (16%). The adherence of community and ED physicians regarding the type of treatment was high (96% and 99%, respectively). The adherence of ED physicians regarding the duration of treatment was higher than the adherence among community physicians (58% and 13.3%, respectively, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, P < .001). Interns tended to adhere to the guidelines more than seniors (36.4% versus 12.0%, respectively, Fisher's exact test, P = .07).ConclusionsThere is a lack of compliance with the guidelines among community physicians regarding the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute pharyngitis, which is characterized by excessive antibiotic treatment. Therefore, ways to increase awareness and adherence to clinical guidelines, and to allow the conditions in the clinics to fulfil the guidelines should be investigated.