bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant diffraction gratings with polarization-dependent efficiencies
Authors: Wüster Julian , Feßer Patrick , Behrens Arne , Sinzinger Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Subwavelength-structures with different fill factors in the lateral dimensions result in unique phase shifts for the different polarization states of transmitted light.
By using this additional degree of freedom for diffractive optical elements, we yield additional functionalities for compact optical systems with DOEs.
As a fully operable example we present a binary subwavelength-grating which acts as a polarizing beamsplitter for TE- and TM-polarization over a wide range of incidence angles. We show our design approach, the manufacturing process with Soft-UV-Nanoimprint-Technology, as well as experimental results. We will also lay out possibilities for the design and application of multilevel polarization-functionalized gratings.
Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF)
Authors: Weinmann Daniela , Adolf Stefanie , Meurer Andrea 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) ist die häufigste Hüftgelenkserkrankung des Jugendlichen bei steigender Tendenz. Grund dafür ist der ebenfalls steigende Body Mass Index in dieser Altersgruppe. Um Komplikationen und Folgeschäden zu minimieren, ist eine frühzeitige Diagnostik und Therapie erforderlich, um ein persistierendes Cam-Impingement mit späterer Arthroseentwicklung zu vermeiden. Es gibt sowohl offene als auch arthroskopische Operationsverfahren um eine Rekonturierung des Schenkelhalses nach Abschluss des physiologischen Remodelings zu erzielen. Zu klären bleibt weiterhin die Frage nach dem optimalen Operationsverfahren mit den bestehen Langzeitergebnissen bei Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris.
Die Syphilismoulagen der Rostocker Hautklinik in den Jahren 1902 – 1945
Authors: Dahlke C. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Geschichte der Syphilis wurde in der Dermatologie in den Lehrbüchern stets mitbesprochen. Ihr „Kommen“ und „Gehen“ wird heute oft nur noch wiederholt, wie die Namen der Entdecker und Behandler. Der historische Kontext der Syphilis ist mit der Zeit jedoch verlorengegangen. In diesem Artikel soll er aus der Perspektive von Syphilismoulagen rekonstruiert werden. 7 solcher Moulagen existieren noch heute in der Rostocker Sammlung, die um 1940 hunderte Objekte in einer Sammlung von 2000 oder 3000 Moulagen zählte. Weitere historische Lehrmittel der Sammlung bilden ihren Kontext: Tafeln und Atlanten mit Moulagenabbildungen sowie Syphilismoulagen aus dem Deutschen Hygiene-Museum Dresden. Nach einer theoretischen Einführung zur materialen Medizingeschichte wird eine Syphilismoulage in einer (re-)konstruierten Vorlesung vorgestellt. Den weiteren Erzählrahmen bilden die ersten 3 Direktorate der Rostocker Hautklinik in den Jahren 1902 – 1945. Der mikrohistorische Kontext der Syphilismoulagen von Rostock wird somit rekonstruiert und für die Leser ein lebendiger Raum historischen Erfahrens geschaffen.
Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA)
Authors: Oommen Prasad T. , Hinze Claas , Holzinger Dirk , Hospach Anton , Minden Kirsten , Schütz Catharina 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlung der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA) hat sich in den vergangenen 2 Jahrzehnten u. a. durch die Verfügbarkeit neuer Substanzen entscheidend verändert. Trotz vorhandener Zulassungen, die sich teilweise aus der Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis ableiten, sind zur Einordnung der vorhandenen Evidenz Leitlinien eine wichtige Entscheidungshilfe. Die 2012 publizierte AWMF-Leitlinie zur „Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis“ wurde zwischen 2018 und 2019 in einem mehrstufigen Prozess aktualisiert und als S2k-Leitlinie aktualisiert. Wichtige Prinzipien und Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen und nicht-medikamentösen Therapie der JIA wurden verabschiedet. Im Fokus all dieser Maßnahmen bleibt die rasche Entzündungskontrolle, der Remissionserhalt, die Vermeidung von krankheits- und therapiebedingten Folgeschäden sowie die Gewährleistung einer störungsfreien somatischen und psychosozialen Entwicklung, Lebensqualität und Teilhabe der betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen.
Hämochromatose und Arthropathie
Authors: Schäfer Valentin S. , Hatzmann Lena 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Hämochromatose ist eine Eisenspeicherkrankheit. Man unterscheidet zwischen der häufigen, mit einer Häufigkeit von ca. 1/200–1/400 vorkommenden hereditären Hämochromatose (HH), und der selteneren sekundären Hämochromatose als Folge anderer Erkrankungen. Dieser Review fokussiert sich auf die HH. Bei der HH finden sich Mutationen im HFE-Gen oder seltener im Transferrinrezeptor-2-Gen. Hierbei kommt es im Dünndarm zu einer vermehrten Eisenaufnahme, welches sich daraufhin in verschiedenen Organen ablagert. Unbehandelt können sich so beispielsweise Lebererkrankungen, Erkrankungen der endokrinen Drüsen, Hauterscheinungen, Arthritis oder Herzinsuffizienz entwickeln. Ungefähr die Hälfte der HH-Patienten entwickelt eine Arthritis. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung ist wichtig, um die Entstehung von Krankheiten zu verhindern. Bereits einfache Laboruntersuchungen und nativradiologische Bildgebung können erste wichtige diagnostische Hinweise liefern. Die Behandlung sollte die Prophylaxe und Behandlung der Folgekrankheiten beinhalten. Wichtigste Maßnahme sind regelmäßige Aderlässe. Chelatbildner können additiv eingesetzt werden.
The Application of the Taylor Spatial Frame for Deformity Correction at the Lower Extremity
Authors: Baumgartner Heiko , Grünwald Leonard , Ahrend Marc-Daniel 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) dient u. a. zur Behandlung von Knocheninfekten, Knochendeformitäten oder Rekonstruktionen mittels Segmenttransport. Vorteile sind die von Beginn an hohe Stabilität des Systems und die Möglichkeit, dass eine Vollbelastung während der Fixateurbehandlung durchgeführt werden darf. Die korrekte Konstruktion und Anlage des TSF spielt für den Therapieerfolg eine entscheidende Rolle, sodass ein möglichst stabiles Frame-Konstrukt angelegt werden sollte, um Fehlkorrekturen, Pseudarthrosenbildung und Pinlockerungen zu vermeiden. Gerade für unerfahrene Operateure ist die TSF-Anlage sehr komplex und die Röntgeninterpretation häufig durch die zahlreiche Hardware erschwert. Im Video wird detailliert und schrittweise die Anlage eines TSF am achsdeformierten Kunstknochen präsentiert. Hierdurch soll neben der Erklärung der korrekten Anlage des TSF auch das Verständnis des TSF-Aufbaus gelehrt werden.
Silylboranes as Powerful Tools in Organic Synthesis: Stereo- and Regioselective Reactions with 1,n-Enynes
Authors: Moberg Christina 
Published: August 2020

Bismetalated alkenes, accessible by element–element addition to alkynes, are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis, providing wide opportunities for divergent synthesis. Silaboration of alkynes with a pendant olefinic group, catalyzed by group 10 metal complexes, and subsequent transformation of the silicon and boron functional groups give access to densely functionalized 1,3-dienes and 1,3,5-trienes with defined stereo- and regiochemistry, 1,2-dienes, and carbocyclic and heterocyclic products.1	Introduction2	Background3	Reactions with 1,3-Enynes4	Cyclization 1,6-Enynes5	Cyclization 1,7-Enynes6	Cyclization of 1,n-Enynes (n > 7)7	Cyclization of Dienynes and Enediynes8	Cyclization of 1,6-Diynes9	Conclusions
Evaluation of a Modified SBAR Report to Physician Tool to Standardize Communication on Neonatal Transport
Authors: Shahid Shaneela , Thabane Lehana , Marrin Michael , Schattauer Karen , Silenzi Laurel , Borhan Sayem , Singh Balpreet , Thomas Cherian , Thomas Sumesh 
Published: August 2020

Objective SBAR (situation, background, assessment and recommendation) is a structured format for the effective communication of critically relevant information. This tool was developed as a generic template to provide structure to the communication of clinical information between health care providers. Neonatal transport often presents clinically stressful circumstances where concise and accurate information is required to be shared clearly between multidisciplinary health care providers. A modified SBAR communication tool was designed to facilitate structured communication between nonphysician bedside care providers operating from remote sites and physicians providing decision-making support at receiving care facilities. Prospective interventional study was designed to evaluate the reliability of a “SBAR report to physician tool” in sharing clinically relevant information between multidisciplinary care providers on neonatal transport.
Study Design The study was conducted between 2011 and 2014 by a dedicated neonatal transport service based at McMaster Children's Hospital which provides care for approximately 500 infants in Southern Ontario annually. In the preintervention phase, 50 calls were randomly selected for the evaluation and 115 consecutively recorded transport calls following adoption of the reporting tool. The quality of calls prior to and after the intervention was assessed by reviewers independently. Inter-rater agreement was also assessed for both periods.
Results Inter-rater agreement between raters was moderate to perfect in most components of the SBAR “report to the physician tool” except for the assessment component, which showed fair agreement during both preintervention and postintervention periods. There was an improvement in global score (primary outcome) with a mean difference of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–1.14; p < 0.001) and in cumulative score with a mean difference of 8.55 (95% CI: 7.26–9.84; p < 0.001) in postintervention period.
Conclusion The use of the SBAR report to physician tool improved the quality of clinical information shared between nonphysician members of the neonatal transport team and neonatal transport physicians.
Key Points
Target search and recognition mechanisms of glycosylase AlkD revealed by scanning FRET-FCS and Markov state models
Authors: Peng Sijia , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Lu , He Shanshan , Zhao Xin Sheng , Huang Xuhui , Chen Chunlai 
Published: August 2020

Significance
DNA glycosylase repairs DNA damage to maintain the genome integrity, and thus it is essential for the survival of all organisms. However, it remains a long-standing puzzle how glycosylase diffuses along the genomic DNA to locate the sparse and aberrant lesion sites efficiently and accurately in the genome containing numerous base pairs. Previously, only the high-speed–low-accuracy search mode has been characterized experimentally, while the low-speed–high-accuracy mode is undetectable. Here, we observed the low-speed mode of glycosylase AlkD translocating, and further dissected its molecular mechanisms. To achieve this, we developed an integrated platform by combining scanning FRET-FCS with Markov state model. We expect that this platform can be widely applied to investigate other glycosylases and DNA-binding proteins.
Self-template–assisted micro-phase segregation in blended liquid-crystalline block copolymers films toward three-dimensional structures
Authors: Hibi Yusuke , Oguchi Yuki , Shimizu Yuta , Hashimoto Kayoko , Kondo Katsuya , Iyoda Tomokazu 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Micro-phase segregation of block copolymers (BCPs) in thin films affords well-defined in-plane patterns, which are useful for designing mesoscale materials in diversified applications. This paper describes a strategy to construct highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures via spontaneous multilayerization of such in-plane patterns, allowing more advanced and practical material designs. This multilayerization is controlled by sequential liquid crystallization of blended binary or ternary BCPs, inducing macro-phase segregation along the film-normal direction. The independent evolutions of the in-plane and out-of-plane segregations, driven by BCP micro-phase segregation and the sequential liquid crystallization, respectively, readily provide various 3D structures with high design freedom via a single-coating and -annealing process. This simple, yet effective and versatile, method facilitates a rational design of mesoscale materials.
Interrogatives as relativization markers in Indo-European
Authors: Auderset Sandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of interrogative pronouns as relative clause markers is often mentioned as a typical feature of European languages. This study presents an empirical approach to the distribution of interrogative pronouns as relative clause markers in time and space in the Indo-European language family. Based on a comprehensive sample of ancient and modern Indo-European languages, it is shown that interrogative-marked relative clauses are present in all stages of Indo-European within and outside of Europe. An analysis by branch suggests that this constitutes a case of parallel innovations subsequently spreading via language contact. The study also shows that interrogatives are used as relative clause markers independently of whether they are inflected pronouns or invariable markers.
Professional identity development among student interpreters
Authors: Lee Juyeon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Conference interpreting is a professional field that requires specialized knowledge, skills, and ethics, and becoming a
professional in the field involves the adoption of a relevant professional identity. To understand how a professional identity begins to
emerge among students and what factors influence the process, a case study was conducted involving four participants who were attending a
graduate school of interpretation and translation in Korea. Multiple types of data were collected for qualitative analysis. The results show
that the students initially tended to connect professional identity primarily with linguistic identity. Over time, the participants began to
develop a better understanding of the profession through authentic learning experiences, real-world interpreting experiences, and
interactions with the instructors as mentors, all of which contribute to their professional identity formation process.
A typology of depiction marking
Authors: Akita Kimi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIdeophones and direct quotations are “depictive” signs, or vivid re-enactments of what they signify. Pursuing the typology of linguistic depiction, the current study proposes a three-way classification of depiction marking strategies: framing, foregrounding, and backgrounding. While well-known formal characteristics of ideophones, such as prosodic prominence and quotative constructions, illustrate framing and foregrounding, this paper discusses low-pitched quotative indexes in Japanese as backgrounding-type depiction markers. These quotatives immediately follow ideophones and exclamatory quotations and set them off. They also underlie the exceptional pitch pattern of heavy syllables in ideophones.
Voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation lasting 5 min and 20 min similarly reduce aerobic metabolism without affecting power outputs during Wingate anaerobic test
Authors: Dobashi Kohei , Fujii Naoto , Ichinose Masashi , Fujimoto Tomomi , Nishiyasu Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwenty minutes of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation prior to exercise reduces the aerobic metabolic rate with a compensatory increase in the anaerobic metabolic rate without affecting exercise performance during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Thus, pre‐exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation may be a useful means of stressing the anaerobic energy system during training, ultimately improving anaerobic exercise performance. However, it remains unclear whether a shorter (e.g., 5 min) pre‐exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation is sufficient to reduce the aerobic metabolic rate during high‐intensity exercise. We therefore compared the effects of 5‐min and 20‐min pre‐exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation on aerobic metabolism during the 30‐s WAnT. Ten healthy young males and one female performed the WAnT following 20 min of spontaneous breathing (control trial) or 5 or 20 min of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation. Both the 5‐min and 20‐min hyperventilation reduced end‐tidal CO2 partial pressure (an index of arterial CO2 partial pressure) to ∼23 mmHg, whereas it remained unchanged during the spontaneous breathing. The peak, mean and minimum power outputs during the WAnT did not differ among the three trials. Oxygen uptake during the WAnT was lower in both the 5‐min (1493 ± 257 mL min−1) and 20‐min (1397 ± 447 mL min−1) hyperventilation trials than during the control trial (1847 ± 286 mL min−1), and was similar in the two hyperventilation trials. These results suggest that 5 min of pre‐exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation reduces aerobic metabolism during the 30‐s WAnT to a level similar to that seen with the 20‐min hyperventilation. Moreover, exercise performance was unaffected, which implies anaerobic metabolism was enhanced.
Axis potentials for stationary n-black-hole configurations
Authors: Hennig Jörg 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We extend earlier discussions of the balance problem for two black holes and study stationary spacetimes containing an arbitrary number of n aligned rotating and (possibly) charged black holes. For these hypothetical equilibrium configurations, we obtain the most general form of the boundary data on the symmetry axis in terms of a finite number of parameters. Hence future investigations of n-black-hole configurations can be restricted to studying properties of these finite families of solutions.
Floquet states in dissipative open quantum systems
Authors: Sato S A , De Giovannini U , Aeschlimann S , Gierz I , Hübener H , Rubio A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We theoretically investigate basic properties of nonequilibrium steady states of periodically-driven open quantum systems based on the full solution of the Maxwell–Bloch equation. In a resonant driving condition, we find that the transverse relaxation, also known as decoherence, significantly destructs the formation of Floquet states while the longitudinal relaxation does not directly affect it. Furthermore, by evaluating the quasienergy spectrum of the nonequilibrium steady states, we demonstrate that Rabi splitting can be observed as long as the decoherence time is as short as one third of the Rabi-cycle. Moreover, we find that Floquet states can be formed even under significant dissipation when the decoherence time is substantially shorter than the cycle of driving, once the driving field strength becomes strong enough. In an off-resonant condition, we demonstrate that the Floquet states can be realized even in weak field regimes because the system is not excited and the decoherence mechanism is not activated. Once the field strength becomes strong enough, the system can be excited by multi-photon absorption and the decoherence process becomes active. As a result, the Floquet states are significantly disturbed by the environment even in the off-resonant condition. Thus, we show here that the suppression of energy transfer from light to matter is a key condition for the realization of Floquet states in both on- and off-resonant conditions not only because it prevents material damage but also because it contributes to preserving coherence.
White paper: from bound states to the continuum
Authors: Johnson Calvin W , Launey Kristina D , Auerbach Naftali , Bacca Sonia , Barrett Bruce R , R Brune Carl , Caprio Mark A , Descouvemont Pierre , Dickhoff W H , Elster Charlotte , Fasano Patrick J , Fossez Kevin , Hergert Heiko , Hjorth-Jensen Morten , Hlophe Linda , Hu Baishan , Id Betan Rodolfo M , Idini Andrea , König Sebastian , Kravvaris Konstantinos , Lee Dean , Lei Jin , Mercenne Alexis , Perez Rodrigo Navarro , Nazarewicz Witold , Nunes Filomena M , Płoszajczak Marek , Rotureau Jimmy , Rupak Gautam , Shirokov Andrey M , Thompson Ian , Vary James P , Volya Alexander , Xu Furong , Zegers Remco G T. , Zelevinsky Vladimir , Zhang Xilin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This white paper reports on the discussions of the 2018 Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Theory Alliance (FRIB-TA) topical program ‘From bound states to the continuum: Connecting bound state calculations with scattering and reaction theory’. One of the biggest and most important frontiers in nuclear theory today is to construct better and stronger bridges between bound state calculations and calculations in the continuum, especially scattering and reaction theory, as well as teasing out the influence of the continuum on states near threshold. This is particularly challenging as many-body structure calculations typically use a bound state basis, while reaction calculations more commonly utilize few-body continuum approaches. The many-body bound state and few-body continuum methods use different language and emphasize different properties. To build better foundations for these bridges, we present an overview of several bound state and continuum methods and, where possible, point to current and possible future connections.
Electroencephalographic prediction of global and domain specific cognitive performance of clinically active Australian Nurses
Authors: Lees Ty , Maharaj Shamona , Kalatzis George , Nassif Najah T , Newton Phillip J , Lal Sara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between EEG activity and the global and domain specific cognitive performance of healthy nurses, and determine the predictive capabilities of these relationships. Approach: Sixty-four nurses were recruited for the present study, and data from 61 were utilised in the present analysis. Global and domain specific cognitive performance of each participant was assessed psychometrically using the Mini-mental state exam and the Cognistat, and a 32-lead monopolar EEG was recorded during a resting baseline phase and an active phase in which participants completed the Stroop test. Main results: Global cognitive performance was successfully predicted (81%–85% of variance) by a combination of fast wave activity variables in the alpha, beta and theta frequency bands. Interestingly, predicting domain specific performance had varying degrees of success (42%–99% of the variance predicted) and relied on combinations of both slow and fast wave activity, with delta and gamma activity predicting attention performance; delta, theta, and gamma activity predicting memory performance; and delta and beta variables predicting judgement performance. Significance: Global and domain specific cognitive performance of Australian nurses may be predicted with varying degrees of success by a unique combination of EEG variables. These proposed models image transitory cognitive declines and as such may prove useful in the prediction of early cognitive impairment, and may enable better diagnosis, and management of cognitive impairment.
Quasilinear dynamics of ordinary mode electromagnetic cyclotron instability driven by the interaction of rotating electron beam with magnetized plasma
Authors: Abbasi Rostami Sh , Khorashadizadeh S M , Niknam A R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The quasilinear theory is employed to study the temporal evolution of the cyclotron instability near the ordinary mode in a magnetized plasma in the presence of the rotating electron beam. The positive gradient region of the initial distribution function is eroded by the diffusion process driven by the wave fields. It is found that the wave non-linear effects modify the electron distribution function by transferring resonance particles to the valley between the plasma bulk and the bump on tail. This movement ultimately leads to flattening the distribution function in the interaction region, which is a saturation state.