bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of cutoff effects in Yang–Mills theory and in Wilson’s lattice QCD
Authors: Husung Nikolai , Marquard Peter , Sommer Rainer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiscretization effects of lattice QCD are described by Symanzik’s effective theory when the lattice spacing, a, is small. Asymptotic freedom predicts that the leading asymptotic behavior is $$\sim a^{n_{\mathrm{min}}}[{\bar{g}}^2(a^{-1})]^{\hat{\gamma }_1} \sim a^{n_{\mathrm{min}}}\left[ \frac{1}{-\log (a\Lambda )}\right] ^{\hat{\gamma }_1}$$∼anmin[g¯2(a-1)]γ^1∼anmin1-log(aΛ)γ^1. For spectral quantities, $${n_{\mathrm{min}}}=d$$nmin=d is given in terms of the (lowest) canonical dimension, $$d+4$$d+4, of the operators in the local effective Lagrangian and $$\hat{\gamma }_1$$γ^1 is proportional to the leading eigenvalue of their one-loop anomalous dimension matrix $$\gamma ^{(0)}$$γ(0). We determine $$\gamma ^{(0)}$$γ(0) for Yang–Mills theory ($${n_{\mathrm{min}}}=2$$nmin=2) and discuss consequences in general and for perturbatively improved short distance observables. With the help of results from the literature, we also discuss the $${n_{\mathrm{min}}}=1$$nmin=1 case of Wilson fermions with perturbative $$\mathrm{O}(a)$$O(a) improvement and the discretization effects specific to the flavor currents. In all cases known so far, the discretization effects are found to vanish faster than the naive $$\sim a^{n_{\mathrm{min}}}$$∼anmin behavior with rather small logarithmic corrections – in contrast to the two-dimensional O(3) sigma model.
Accessibility and acceptability of voice assistants for people with acquired brain injury
Authors: Malapaschas Aris 
Published: March 2020

Acquired Brain Injury can cause cognitive impairments, such as problems with memory and scheduling, and executive dysfunction. Assistive Technologies (AT), usually in the form of prompting and reminding systems, can improve remembering and task completion in people with ABI. Studies, however, show that the use of AT in this context is rather low, and that there are several factors that impact their uptake and effectiveness, indicating there is room for better design. Voice Assistants (VA), i.e. smart speakers with integrated virtual assistants, offer a versatile set of tools to provide support to cognitively impaired users, through a more accessible and pervasive interaction. Research however shows that there are several obstacles that can prevent the uptake and effective use of VAs by people with ABI.
This research aims to explore how the conversational interfaces of VAs can be designed to become more accessible and acceptable by people with ABI. An online survey (n=114) and several focus groups (n=29) were conducted to gather requirements for the design of such a system in a user-centred way. Additionally, the key design considerations of a conversational UI for calendar management were investigated in a user study with students (n=16).
This paper outlines the background and motivation behind the research, gives a brief overview of the planned course of action, and presents the results up to this point. The envisioned contributions of this research to the field of HCI are also addressed.
Intratumoral Delivery of a PD-1–Blocking scFv Encoded in Oncolytic HSV-1 Promotes Antitumor Immunity and Synergizes with TIGIT Blockade
Authors: Lin Chaolong , Ren Wenfeng , Luo Yong , Li Shaopeng , Chang Yating , Li Lu , Xiong Dan , Huang Xiaoxuan , Xu Zilong , Yu Zeng , Wang Yingbin , Zhang Jun , Huang Chenghao , Xia Ningshao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOncolytic virotherapy can lead to systemic antitumor immunity, but the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in humans is limited due to their insufficient ability to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we showed that locoregional oncolytic virotherapy upregulated the expression of PD-L1 in the TME, which was mediated by virus-induced type I and type II IFNs. To explore PD-1/PD-L1 signaling as a direct target in tumor tissue, we developed a novel immunotherapeutic herpes simplex virus (HSV), OVH-aMPD-1, that expressed a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against PD-1 (aMPD-1 scFv). The virus was designed to locally deliver aMPD-1 scFv in the TME to achieve enhanced antitumor effects. This virus effectively modified the TME by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns, promoting antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, and enhancing the infiltration of activated T cells; these alterations resulted in antitumor T-cell activity that led to reduced tumor burdens in a liver cancer model. Compared with OVH, OVH-aMPD-1 promoted the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), resulting in significantly higher percentages of CD155+ granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSC) and monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSC) in tumors. In combination with TIGIT blockade, this virus enhanced tumor-specific immune responses in mice with implanted subcutaneous tumors or invasive tumors. These findings highlighted that intratumoral immunomodulation with an OV expressing aMPD-1 scFv could be an effective stand-alone strategy to treat cancers or drive maximal efficacy of a combination therapy with other immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Interleukin‐1 Blockade Inhibits the Acute Inflammatory Response in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abbate Antonio , Trankle Cory R. , Buckley Leo F. , Lipinski Michael J. , Appleton Darryn , Kadariya Dinesh , Canada Justin M. , Carbone Salvatore , Roberts Charlotte S. , Abouzaki Nayef , Melchior Ryan , Christopher Sanah , Turlington Jeremy , Mueller George , Garnett James , Thomas Christopher , Markley Roshanak , Wohlford George F. , Puckett Laura , Medina de Chazal Horacio , Chiabrando Juan G. , Bressi Edoardo , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Schatz Aaron , Vo Chau , Dixon Dave L. , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe G. , Kontos Michael C. , Van Tassell Benjamin W. 
Published: March 2020

Background

ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction is associated with an intense acute inflammatory response and risk of heart failure. We tested whether interleukin‐1 blockade with anakinra significantly reduced the area under the curve for hsCRP (high sensitivity C‐reactive protein) levels during the first 14 days in patients with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (VCUART3 [Virginia Commonwealth University Anakinra Remodeling Trial 3]).

Methods and Results

We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, clinical trial in 99 patients with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in which patients were assigned to 2 weeks treatment with anakinra once daily (N=33), anakinra twice daily (N=31), or placebo (N=35). hsCRP area under the curve was significantly lower in patients receiving anakinra versus placebo (median, 67 [interquartile range, 39–120] versus 214 [interquartile range, 131–394] mg·day/L;
P
<0.001), without significant differences between the anakinra arms. No significant differences were found between anakinra and placebo groups in the interval changes in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (median, 1.4 [interquartile range, −9.8 to 9.8] versus −3.9 [interquartile range, −15.4 to 1.4] mL;
P
=0.21) or left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 3.9% [interquartile range, −1.6% to 10.2%] versus 2.7% [interquartile range, −1.8% to 9.3%];
P
=0.61) at 12 months. The incidence of death or new‐onset heart failure or of death and hospitalization for heart failure was significantly lower with anakinra versus placebo (9.4% versus 25.7% [
P
=0.046] and 0% versus 11.4% [
P
=0.011], respectively), without difference between the anakinra arms. The incidence of serious infection was not different between anakinra and placebo groups (14% versus 14%;
P
=0.98). Injection site reactions occurred more frequently in patients receiving anakinra (22%) versus placebo (3%;
P
=0.016).

Conclusions

In patients presenting with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, interleukin‐1 blockade with anakinra significantly reduces the systemic inflammatory response compared with placebo.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01950299.
Reform, Renewal and Revival: Lamin O. Sanneh and the Place of Africa in World Christianity
Authors: Asamoah-Gyadu J. Kwabena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lamin O. Sanneh of the Yale Divinity School passed on in January 2019 at the age of seventy-six years. He would go down in history as one of the pioneering authors in the field of World Christianity. Sanneh’s impressive legacy of Christian scholarship includes his being a co-founder with Andrew F. Walls of the Yale-Edinburgh Conference that is held annually, alternating between the Yale and Edinburgh schools of divinity. Lamin Sanneh wrote a lot on both Christianity and Islam and this reflection on his legacy focuses on how Africa is presented in his works. The translation of the Scriptures, Lamin Sanneh noted, enhanced the place of Christianity in Africa and contributed directly to the reform, renewal and revival of the faith on the continent. He celebrated western missionaries for their work in promoting translation, but what purpose would that have served without indigenous assimilation of Christianity? In this work, we discuss the place of Africa in World Christianity as the continent and her Christians appear in Sanneh’s writings on World Christianity.
An Investigation of Spiral Gravity Waves Radiating from Tropical Cyclones Using a Linear, Nonhydrostatic Model
Authors: Nolan David S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA recent study showed observational and numerical evidence for small-scale gravity waves that radiate outward from tropical cyclones. These waves are wrapped into tight spirals by the radial and vertical shears of the tangential wind field. Reexamination of the previously studied tropical cyclone simulations suggests that the dominant source for these waves are convective asymmetries rotating along the eyewall, modulated in intensity by the preferred convection region on the left side of the environmental wind shear vector. A linearized, nonhydrostatic model for perturbations to a balanced vortex is used to study the waves. Forcing the linear model with rotating and pulsing asymmetric heat sources generates radiating gravity waves with multiple vertical and horizontal structures. The pulsation of the rotating heat source generates two types of waves: fast, deep waves with larger radial wavelengths, and slower, secondary waves with shorter radial and vertical wavelengths. The deeper waves produce surface pressure oscillations that have time scales consistent with surface observations, whereas the shorter waves have little surface indication but produce oscillations in vertical velocity with shorter radial wavelengths that are consistent with aircraft observations. Convective forcing that is either not pulsing or not rotating produces gravity waves but they are not as similar to the observed or simulated waves. The effects of varying the intensity of the cyclone, the asymmetry of the forcing, and the static stability of the surrounding atmosphere are explored.
Predicting self-harm in an ethnically diverse sample of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rehman Zaqia , Lopes Barbara , Jaspal Rusi 
Published: March 2020

Background: Poor mental health is prevalent in lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people due in part to social stigma. The social, psychological and clinical risk factors for self-harm among LGB people are unclear, which limits our ability to predict when and how this will occur and, crucially, how to prevent it. Aims: Drawing on the cognitive-behavioral approach in clinical psychology, this study identifies the predictors of self-harm in LGB people in the United Kingdom. Results: Women, lesbians, those with lower income and younger people were more likely to engage in self-harm. Self-harmers exhibited much more discrimination, LGB victimization and, thus, internalized homophobia and depressive symptomatology than non-self-harmers. The structural equation model showed direct effects of age and gender, and indirect effects of income and sexual orientation, on self-harm, through the mediating variables of discrimination, LGB victimization and internalized homophobia. Conclusions: Consistent with the cognitive-behavioral model, the results indicate that exposure to situational stressors can increase the risk of developing a self-hatred and depressive psychological self-schema, resulting in greater risk of self-harm as a maladaptive coping strategy. An integrative clinical intervention for enhancing psychological wellbeing in LGB people is proposed to mitigate the risk of self-harm in this population.
Some Notes on the use of Two Personality Tests with Visually Handicapped Students
Authors: Scholl Geraldine 
Published: March 2020

From our experience the tape recorder seems to be a very satisfactory method for administering personality tests to blind and partially blind students. The students feel more free in answering question of a personal nature and they can do the test without assistance. One disadvantage in using this method of having students sort cards into different boxes is that the student's responses to specific questions are lost once the test is scored. However, in cases of doubt where the examiner wishes to have a permanent record of the responses, he may record them on an answer sheet in the usual manner from the cards the student has sorted. In our experience, we have not felt the need for preserving the responses to questions in this manner. We would like to use these personality tests on a greater number of students before drawing any definite conclusions. However, on the basis of results obtained so far, it would seem that the Bell Adjustment Inventory is better adapted for blind and partially sighted students. The medians for both boys and girls fall within the normal or average range for the four areas tested. The medians for both boys and girls obtained on the B1-N Scale of the Bernreuter are within the average range but the medians obtained from the B2-S and the B4-D Scales of the Bernreuter are lower than should be expected. There is also a more normal curve of distribution of scores obtained from the Bell than from the Bernreuter. The Bell Adjustment Inventory is longer, having 140 questions as compared with 125 on the Bernreuter. However, the Bell is easier and quicker to score. In general we have been satisfied with the results obtained from these two personality tests administered on the tape recorder. We are now using this method for other tests of personality as well as for some occupational interest tests and aptitude tests.
Vermont Pilot Study on Industrial Homework
Authors: Townsend M. Roberta 
Published: March 2020

The Pilot Study here described is a direct outgrowth of the Workshop on Industrial Homework (representing thirty-one states) held in Washington, D. C., in March 1954, under the joint sponsorship of the American Foundation for the Blind, National Industries for the Blind, and the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation. At the close of these sessions, the sponsoring agencies were asked to activate the findings of the workshop through a demonstration pilot study preferably in a rural location. It was also stipulated that such a study be integrated so as to serve all disabilities. At the request of the Department of Welfare, Division of Services for the Blind, and the Department of Education, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, of the State of Vermont, the AFB and NIB consented to sponsor the pilot study of industrial homework in that state, in conjunction with the OVR, and carried it through as here set forth.
I. The Segregated Setting: Positive Values and Problems
Authors: Kerina Jane Miller 
Published: March 2020

The first two articles under this head outline positive values and problems in segregated and non-segregated settings, respectively, in early childhood education. The third article deals with two tendencies in parents and teachers that complicate the choice of setting. These papers were presented in February at the Third Institute of the Social Service and Groupwork and Recreation Departments of the New York Guild for the Jewish Blind. Summary In the segregated nursery school setting the blind child can learn at his own speed and in an atmosphere of understanding of his particular needs to begin to master the elements of his environment and thereby achieve a feeling of accomplishment. Within this setting this child can grow into an awareness of himself as a person of value and also begin to become aware of his limitations among others similarly limited. He becomes increasingly secure in personal relationships and if he has been treated honestly he will certainly have the ability to move without undue fear into the sighted or integrated setting. It must be remembered that the segregated setting is not the real world and that the blind child's presence here is temporary and for a special purpose.
Experimental Program for Deviant Blind Children
Authors: Elonen Anna S. , Polzien Margaret 
Published: March 2020

The extended study of multiple-handicapped and deviant blind children has shown that if special treatment and care were provided, a surprisingly large percentage of these children could be habilitated sufficiently so that they might enter either day school classes or residential schools. Since the problem of these blind children is still urgent and gives every evidence of continuing to remain so, suggestions for adequately staffed special treatment units as adjuncts to existing state schools have been submitted. The importance of training and stimulation early, in the crucial stage, has been demonstrated in the dramatic changes possible in the developmental growth of deviant blind children as a result of the experimental summer sessions held at the Michigan School for the Blind.
Treatment‐Related Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Children with Sleep Apnea
Authors: Isaiah Amal , Bertoni Dylan , Pereira Kevin D. , Diaz‐Abad Montserrat , Mitchell Ron B. , Das Gautam 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveHeart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive indicator of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm, may represent the physiologic burden of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that the treatment‐related effects of OSA on HRV in children are causally attributable to the improvement in OSA severity.Study DesignSecondary analysis of outcomes from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT).SettingAnalysis of database.Subjects and MethodsTime‐ and frequency‐domain HRV parameters along with polysomnographic (PSG) and demographic variables were obtained from the CHAT study, which compared early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) to watchful waiting (WW) in children with OSA. The relative contributions of PSG variables and covariates to each HRV parameter were quantified. The proportion of changes in HRV parameters causally attributable to changes in OSA severity, measured by the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), was estimated.ResultsIn total, 404 children aged 5 to 10 years were included. The median (interquartile range) age was 6 (3‐9) years. The median body mass index percentile was 82 (53), 195 (48%) children were male, and 147 (36%) were African American. The average heart rate during PSG was the strongest independent predictor of each HRV parameter (P <. 001). Although eAT resulted in statistically significant changes in the majority of HRV parameters, these effects were not causally attributable to treatment‐related changes in AHI or ODI.ConclusionsThe average heart rate strongly modulates HRV in children with OSA. Although eAT results in discernible changes in HRV, it appears to not be causally attributable to specific treatment‐related changes in AHI or ODI.
Tonsillectomy Outcomes among Children with Mental Health Disorders in the United States
Authors: Kou Yann‐Fuu , Wang Cynthia , Shah Gopi B. , Mitchell Ron B. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesRecent evidence suggests that children with mental health disorders are more likely to have postoperative complications. Our aim was to determine if mental health disorders affect postoperative complications after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (T&A).SettingCross‐sectional analysis of national databases.Subjects and MethodsThe 2006 to 2016 Kids Inpatient Database and the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database were used to identify children (age <21 years) who underwent T&A. We compared children with mental health disorders (eg, autism, developmental delays, or mood disorders) to those without a mental health disorder. We contrasted gender, race, length of stay, complications, and 30‐day readmissions.ResultsWe estimated that 37,386 children underwent T&A, and there were 2138 (5.7%) diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Children with mental health disorders were older (6.0 vs 5.3 years, P <. 001), more commonly males (64% vs 58%, P <. 001), had a longer length of stay (3.4 days vs 2.3 days, P <. 001), and had higher total charges even after controlling for length of stay ($19,000 vs $14,000, P <. 001). Children with a mental health disorder were more likely to have a complication (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 3.4; P <. 001) including intubation, mechanical ventilation, or both (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 3.8; P <. 001). The 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate was higher (12% vs 4.0%, P <. 001).ConclusionChildren with mental health disorders, especially development delays, have more frequent complications, longer lengths of stay, and readmissions than children without mental health disorders. This information should be included in preoperative counseling.
Managing chemotherapy-related toxicities in the community setting: A survey of pharmacists in Ontario
Authors: Vu Kathy , Pardhan Aliya , Lakhani Nita , Metcalfe Stephanie , Mozuraitis Mindaugas , Krzyzanowska Monika 
Published: March 2020

Background Toxicity management is a challenge with cancer treatment, including oral anticancer drugs. A review of claims data showed that a majority of publically funded oral anticancer drugs were filled in the community where pharmacists may not necessarily possess the specialized knowledge, skills, and experience required to provide effective patient care. A survey of community pharmacists in Ontario was conducted to identify the behaviours and preferences of community pharmacists specific to the management of treatment-related toxicities in order to standardize cancer care in this area. Methods An electronic questionnaire was distributed to approximately 5000 community pharmacists. The 21-question survey gathered information on the demographic profile of the pharmacists, basic geographic and socioeconomic variables associated with their practice setting, current toxicity management practices, education and training needs, and preferences for communicating with other providers. Results Of 349 pharmacists, almost all (94.9%) were interested in managing chemotherapy-related toxicities as part of their work, but the majority (77.1%) did not feel that their current level of pharmacy training has provided them with an oncology education sufficient for the demands of their practice. Approximately 52% of respondents indicated that they have reached out to the health care provider at a cancer centre, and of those, 72.7% reported that their questions were resolved within 48 h. More than half of all survey respondents (53.9%) indicated that they would prefer to receive a response within 12 h from cancer centres. Conclusions The results of this study support the need to provide community pharmacists with oncology-specific training and timely correspondences from providers at prescribing institutions in order to manage toxicities.