bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical ablation of whitened interscapular brown fat ameliorates cardiac pathology in salt‐loaded metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Komatsu Yuki , Aoyama Kiyoshi , Yoneda Mamoru , Ito Shogo , Sano Yusuke , Kawai Yumeno , Cui Xixi , Yamada Yuichiro , Furukawa Nozomi , Ikeda Katsuhide , Nagata Kohzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is an endocrine organ that contributes to thermogenesis and energy consumption. We investigated the effects of salt loading and surgical removal of whitened interscapular BAT (iBAT) on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology in DahlS.Z‐Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). DS/obese rats were subjected to surgical removal of iBAT or sham surgery at 8 weeks of age and were provided with drinking water containing or not containing 0.3% NaCl for 4 weeks beginning at 9 weeks of age. Removal of iBAT suppressed the salt‐induced exacerbation of left ventricular inflammation, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, but not that of hypertension development, in DS/obese rats. Salt loading attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy but enhanced inflammation in both visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and iBAT. Although iBAT removal did not affect visceral WAT pathology in salt‐loaded DS/obese rats, it attenuated the elevation of circulating interleukin‐6 levels in these animals. Downregulation of uncoupling protein‐1 expression in iBAT of DS/obese rats was not affected by salt loading. Our results suggest that the conversion of iBAT to WAT‐like tissue contributes to a salt‐induced elevation of circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels that leads to exacerbation of cardiac pathology in this model of MetS.
Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values
Authors: Wilson Kassandra , Powers Danielle , Grasperge Britton , Liu Chin‐Chi , Granger L. Abbigail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe absence of hyperbilirubinemia can lead to decreased suspicion of biliary rupture in dogs. This delay of suspicion and treatment can result in increased mortality rates. The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe ultrasound and serum bilirubin findings in a group of dogs with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of suspected biliary rupture. The records of a single institution were searched over the period of 2007‐2019 for cases having ultrasound reports describing suspicion of biliary rupture. Clinical findings for each of the cases were recorded. A total of 35 dogs met inclusion criteria and, of these, 30 dogs had confirmed ruptured biliary tracts. It was found that 40% (12/30) of dogs with confirmed ruptured biliary tracts had a serum bilirubin values within the normal reference range. No statistical difference was found in serum bilirubin values between the ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were found to be statistically significant between ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Mucinous material, similar to “white bile” found in human literature, was found within the peritoneal effusion of six dogs with biliary rupture, three of which also lacked bile pigment. Findings from this study indicated that normobilirubinemia may be present in some dogs with biliary rupture, and therefore should not be used as a reason for excluding this differential diagnosis.
Investigation of small ruminant brucellosis among smallholder farms: The missing link in control programmes of endemic areas
Authors: Dadar Maryam , Alamian Saeed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is a neglected zoonotic infection with a worldwide distribution and high levels of endemism in some regions, including the Middle East. In Iran, sheep and goats constitute a major part of the livestock population, often kept by small‐scale farmers for their own consumption and economic purposes. This investigation aimed at characterizing theBrucellaspp. and biovars circulating in sheep and goats under smallholder farming and their potential spillover across farms. For this purpose, from two randomly selected pastoral districts of Alborz and Fars provinces in Iran, a total of 54 aborted foetuses (38 from sheep and 16 from goats) and 528 blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 435), goats (n = 77), farmers (n = 11) and dogs (n = 5). Then, serological, bacteriological and molecular characterization ofBrucellaisolates was performed using standard methods. Our results showed the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in pastoral districts of Fars and Alborz provinces reaching 16.3%, 11.7% and 12.7% by using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) test, respectively. Furthermore, the results of bacterial culture, conventional biotyping and PCR analyses showed the presence ofBrucella melitensisbiovar 1 and 2 infections among goat, farmers and dog of the Alborz farms andB. melitensisbiovars 1, 2 and 3 among sheep of the Fars farms. Among nine seropositive farmer and dog blood samples (four farmers and five dogs), only three (two farmers and one dog) were positive in both culture and PCR tests. These results stress the need to strengthen screening and control measures in small flocks of small ruminants in Iran that could be the starting point of new outbreaks at the livestock/human interface. The present study also suggests that infected dogs may further maintain the risk of exposure toBrucellapathogens in small farms and beyond.
Time-Optimal Control of Dynamic Systems Regarding Final Constraints
Authors: Eichmeir Philipp , Nachbagauer Karin , Lauß Thomas , Sherif Karim , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Within the framework of this article, we pursue a novel approach for the determination of time-optimal controls for dynamic systems under observance of end conditions. Such problems arise in robotics, e.g., if the control of a robot has to be designed such that the time for a rest-to-rest maneuver becomes a minimum. So far, such problems have been generally considered as two-point boundary value problems, which are hard to solve and require an initial guess close to the optimal solution. The aim of this work is the development of an iterative, gradient-based solution strategy, which can be applied even to complex multibody systems. The so-called adjoint method is a promising way to compute the direction of the steepest descent, i.e., the variation of a control signal causing the largest local decrease of the cost functional. The proposed approach will be more robust than solving the underlying boundary value problem, as the cost functional will be minimized iteratively while approaching the final conditions. Moreover, so-called influence differential equations are formulated to relate the changes of the controls and of the final conditions. In order to meet the end conditions, we introduce a descent direction that, on the one hand, approaches the optimum of the constrained cost functional and, on the other hand, reduces the error in the prescribed final conditions.
Assessment of Current Capabilities and Near-Term Availability of Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbines Considering a Low-Carbon Future
Authors: Noble David , Wu David , Emerson Benjamin , Sheppard Scott , Lieuwen Tim , Angello Leonard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A confluence of technology development, policy support, and industry investment trends is accelerating the pace of Hydrogen (H2) technology demonstrations, increasing the likelihood of power sector impacts. In preparation for a large scale power sector shift toward decarbonization for a low carbon future, several major power equipment manufacturers are developing gas turbines that can operate on a high H2 volume fuel. Many have H2 capable systems now that range from 5% to 100% H2. Units with 100% H2 capabilities are either using a diffusion burner or some version of a wet low emissions (WLE) burner. Most dry low emission/dry low NOx (DLE/DLN) technologies are currently limited to approximately 60% H2 or less. Therefore, research is currently underway to develop low NOx gas turbine combustion systems with improved Hydrogen capability. This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges of Hydrogen combustion and the probable technologies with which the manufacturers will respond.
Simulation of Ultrashort Laser Pulse Absorption at the Water–Metal Interface in Laser-Induced Plasma Micromachining
Authors: Xie Jiaxi , Ehmann Kornel , Cao Jian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work proposes a physically consistent numerical model to simulate ultrashort laser absorption by a metallic workpiece at the water–metal interface when optical breakdown of the dielectric occurs. The simulation couples the framework of the finite difference time-domain method used in computational electromagnetics with the constitutive relation derived from both the model of direct ablation of metals and the first-order model of water breakdown. The simulation is used to describe interface ablation processes such as laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIPMM). Applied to the water–aluminum interface, the model is able to describe the metal absorption and the dielectric breakdown threshold in three-dimensional (3D) geometry. It is an extensible monolithic approach in which the absorption by different materials can be described by simply changing the constitutive relations.
Computational Simulations of Liquid Sprays in Crossflows With an Algorithmic Module for Primary Atomization
Authors: Lee T.-W. , Greenlee B. , Park J. E. , Bellerova Hana , Raudensky Miroslav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For simulations of liquid jets in crossflows, the primary atomization can be treated with the quadratic formula, which has been derived from integral form of conservation equations of mass and energy in our previous work. This formula relates the drop size with the local kinetic energy state, so that local velocity data from the volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulation prior to the atomization can be used to determine the initial drop size. This initial drop size, along with appropriately sampled local gas velocities, is used as the initial conditions in the dispersed-phase simulation. This procedure has been performed on a coarse-grid platform, with good validation and comparison with available experimental data at realistic Reynolds and Weber numbers, representative of gas-turbine combustor flows. The computational procedure produces all the relevant spray characteristics: spatial distributions of drop size, velocities, and volume fluxes, along with global drop size distributions. The primary atomization module is based on the conservation principles and is generalizable and implementable to any combustor geometries for accurate and efficient computations of spray flows.
Conditioning of Leakage Flows in Gas Turbine Rotor–Stator Cavities
Authors: Darby P. W. , Mesny A. W. , De Cosmo G. , Carnevale M. , Lock G. D. , Scobie J. A. , Sangan C. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ingress is the penetration of hot mainstream fluid into the cavity formed between the turbine disk (rotor) and its adjacent casing (stator). Gas turbine engine designers use rim-seals fitted at the periphery of the disks, and a superposed sealant flow—typically fed through the bore of the stator—is used to reduce, or in the limit prevent, ingress. Parasitic leakage enters the cavity through pathways created between mating interfaces of engine components. Owing to the aggressive thermal and centrifugal loading experienced during the turbine operating cycle, the degree of leakage and its effect on ingress are difficult to predict. This paper considers the potential for leakage flows to be conditioned in order to minimize their parasitic effect on disk cooling, and ultimately engine, performance. Measurements of static and total pressure, swirl, and species concentration were used to assess the performance of a simple axial clearance rim-seal over a range of nondimensional leakage flow rates. A computational model was used to provide flow visualization to support the interpretation of flow structures derived from the experiments. Data are presented to investigate the effects of swirling the leakage flow in accordance with, and counter to, the disk rotation. The injected momentum from the leakage created a toroidal vortex in the outer part of the cavity. Coswirl was found to improve the sealing effectiveness by up to 15% compared to the axially introduced baseline and counterswirled configurations. Varying the momentum of the leakage flow was considered by passing consistent mass-flows through a range of leakage outlet areas. Increasing the momentum was seen to increase the influence of the toroidal vortex on the flow structure in the cavity, which in turn influenced the sealing effectiveness.
Methodology to Investigate the Icebreaking Process of Ships With Non-Typical Icebreaking Bow Shapes
Authors: Hisette Quentin , Myland Daniela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For non-typical icebreaking ships the hull-ice interaction process in level ice comprises a combination of many different phenomena which is difficult to be described by existing straightforward approaches. In order to gain knowledge about the level ice resistance of such non-typical hull shapes for operation in ice, a methodology is developed and presented to identify and evaluate the level ice resistance as well as its distribution along the hull of ships with non-typical icebreaking bow shapes with high stem and/or small waterline angles. For this purpose, one ship model has been manufactured and instrumented with several multi-component load cells in the bow region of the waterline as well as with one large six-component load scale between the bow and the stern. Performing resistance model tests at several loading conditions, in model ice sheets of different thickness and at multiple speed values allows obtaining relevant information to meet the goals of the study. The paper focuses on the methodology used for the ice model tests and its analysis. Instrumentation of the model is fully described, together with an overview of the testing matrix and model test observations. Analysis procedure is described in details and applied on a representative test run of the campaign.
Thick Strip Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Two Flexible Cylinders in Tandem Arrangements
Authors: Deng Di , Wan Decheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The interference phenomenon among multiple flexible cylinders is an important factor in designing offshore structures, which has been extensively studied by researchers in the past decades. In this paper, Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) responses of two flexible cylinders experiencing the stepped flow with tandem arrangement are mainly studied using the viv-Thick-SJTU solver, which is developed based on the open source toolbox OpenFOAM and the Bernoulli-Euler bending beam model combining with the thick strip model. Hydrodynamic forces are calculated in each three-dimensional (3D) fluid strip, while vibrations of the cylinder are computed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through the Newmark-β algrithm. The dynamic mesh technique is adopted to update the computational mesh through the cubic spline interpolation algorithm at every time step. Effects of the gap ratio between two tandem cylinders on vibration characteristic are mainly studied, while gap ratios are set as 4 and 10. Firstly, the validation of the code is conducted. Then, the modal decomposition method and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method are used to get the dominant vibration mode and vibration features of both cylinders.
Effect of Polymer Fluid Viscoelastic Properties on the Initiation of Transition From Laminar to Turbulent Flow Regime and the Drag Reduction in the Flow Through Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Hirpa Mehmet Meric , Kuru Ergun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the flow of viscoelastic fluids through horizontal pipeline mainly focusing on the effect of fluid elasticity on drag reduction and onset of transition to turbulent flow regime. In order to be able to see the sole effect of fluid elasticity (independent from shear viscosity), three non-Newtonian fluids having the same shear viscosity but different viscoelastic properties were tested in the horizontal flow loop. Those fluids were the dilute solutions of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and they were prepared by using three polymer grades of HPAM (i.e. 5 × 105, 8 × 106, 20 × 106 g/gmol) in different compositions. Experiments have shown that increasing fluid elasticity resulted in higher drag reduction in pipe flow. Moreover, fluid elasticity affected the onset of turbulent flow and an earlier transition to turbulent flow regime (as compared to water flow) was only observed for the flow of fluid having the highest elastic properties. So, understanding effects of fluid elasticity on flow dynamics might improve the performance of fluids engineered for hole cleaning/cuttings transport in oil and gas well drilling or proppant transport in hydraulic fracturing operations. Also, field efforts to find solutions to problems caused by excessive dynamic pressure losses encountered in drilling horizontal or extended reach wells or in transporting hydrocarbons through pipeline might benefit from the findings of this or further extended research on this subject.
Full Year Drilling Season for MODU in Arctic Area
Authors: Cahay Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Exploitation of the Arctic’s resources requires the mastery of the risks caused by extreme ice conditions. The design of offshore structures subjected to extreme ice conditions is a challenge for engineers since there are very few advanced numerical design tools available in the market. Especially those able to cope with any kind of structure geometry and a large variety of ice interaction & failure mechanisms.
For developments in arctic shallow water between 50m to 200m water depth it is not possible to use conventional drilling rigs as it is either too deep for fixed or too shallow for floating operations. The other possibility is to have drilling equipment on the platform such as on Prirazlomnaya but then, with a drilling campaign of 5 to 7 years this represents a significant CAPEX compared to the remaining operations time and could imperil the economics of the project.
A smart solution would be to use a MODU for full year operations in Arctic regions. Such a solution would not only place the rig into OPEX but also reduce the living quarters on the platform to the minimum strictly necessary for the operations of the platform, the drilling staff being housed on the MODU. Such a solution could reduce the weight of the platform by nearly 50%.
This paper presents how it is possible to use an Arctic class MODU such as Arcticheskaya for full year operations in ice infested water.
Drilling Dataset Exploration, Processing and Interpretation Using Volve Field Data
Authors: Tunkiel Andrzej T. , Wiktorski Tomasz , Sui Dan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 2018 Equinor made an unprecedented step for an energy company and made a multi-terabyte dataset from Volve field open. However, there is a long way from downloading data to executing meaningful analysis. With no way of quickly evaluating the data due to its size and unfamiliar file formats the use of Volve data was so far limited.
This paper presents our exploratory work related to the realtime drilling part of the dataset. We provide description of common obstacles and approaches for overcoming them. We also describe specific contents of the dataset for others to gauge the potential for case studies. We hope that this will lower the bar for Volve field data accessibility, promote research, and become a catalyst for other data science projects.
Experimental Investigation of Flow-Induced Vibration in Gas/Shear-Thinning Liquid Flows in Vertical Pipe
Authors: Lin Ruinan , Wang Ke , Li Qing , Srinil Narakorn , Shi Fangjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluid widely exists in the industrial process and the rheology exerts a significant influence on the flow pattern transition and flow-induced vibration (FIV). However, studies on the rheology effect of the liquid phase in the vertical upward two-phase flows are quite lacking due to the complexity of non-Newtonian fluid properties. In the present study, the vertical upward gas/shear-thinning liquid flows experiments are conducted on a rigid acrylic pipe with an internal diameter of 20 mm. Three different Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) solutions are used as the non-Newtonian fluid, aimed at capturing a two-phase flow regime transition including the vertical slug, churn and annular flows. The results indicate that the maximum energy spectral densities of vibration occur at the slug-to-churn flow transition boundary at low liquid velocities and the annular flow region under high liquid velocities, respectively. The effects of the rheology of the shear-thinning fluid in terms of the flow patterns and FIV are also presented and discussed.
Detailed Finite Element Modeling of a High Capacity Mooring Steel Wire Rope: Calculation of the Stress Concentration Near the Connection
Authors: Martinez Michaël , Montalvo Sébastien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mooring of floating platforms is an important challenge for the offshore industry. It is an important part of the design engineering and, often, a critical point for the fatigue life assessment. A solution that could improve the fatigue life is to directly connect the mooring rope to the platform, without an intermediate chain. However this solution is not widespread and the behavior of a rope near such a connection is little known. The present paper proposes to better understand this behavior, thanks to a detailed finite element model of the rope. The study case is a steel wire rope directly connected to a floating wind turbine.
A local finite element model of the rope has been built, where the wires are individually modeled with beam elements. One end of the rope is clamped, simulating the connection, while tension and cyclic bending oscillations are applied to the other end. A localized bending takes place near the connection, leading to stress concentration in the wires. The stress concentration and the local contact forces are calculated for each wire. These data are important entry parameters for a local failure or fatigue analysis. This latter is however not presented here. Despite IFPEN experience in the development of local finite element models of steel wire ropes, it is the first time that such a high capacity rope (MBL = 12 500 kN) is modeled. This is challenging because of the large diameter of the rope and the large number of wires. However this modeling approach is very valuable for such ropes, because the experimental tests are rare and very expensive.