bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 pandemic impact on colonoscopy service and suggestions for managing recovery
Authors: Cadoni Sergio , Ishaq Sauid , Hassan Cesare , Bhandari Pradeep , Neumann Helmut , Kuwai Toshio , Uedo Noriya , Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Mulder Chris J.J. , Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Leung Felix W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and aim As the post-peak phase of the epidemic is approaching, there is an urgent need of an action plan to help resume endoscopy activity. To manage the Covid-19 pandemic-imposed backlog of postponed colonoscopy examinations, an efficient approach is needed. The practice of on-demand sedation with benzodiazepines and/or opiates will allow most patients to complete a water-aided examination with minimal or no sedation. Other methods reported to minimize patient discomfort during colonoscopy can be used, in addition to water-aided techniques. Unsedated or minimally sedated patients who do not require recovery or require a shorter one allow rapid turnaround. The practice obviates the need for assistance with deep sedation from anesthesiologists, who may be in short supply. Trainee education in water-aided colonoscopy has been demonstrated to confer benefits. This review provides some insights into the impact of Covid-19 on endoscopy services, challenges ahead, and possible solutions to help recovery of colonoscopy work and training.
Implementation of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) sedation training course in a regular endoscopy unit
Authors: Manno Mauro , Deiana Simona , Gabbani Tommaso , Gazzi Matteo , Pignatti Alessandro , Becchi Enrica , Ottaviani Laura , Vavassori Sara , Sacchi Elis , Hassan Cesare , Soriani Paola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Several scientific societies have endorsed non-anesthesiologist sedation (NAS) during gastrointestinal endoscopy, considering it a safe procedure when administered by adequately trained personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events after implementation of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) sedation training program.
Methods From January 2017 to August 2018, data from all consecutive endoscopic procedures in adults (≥ 18 years) performed at our endoscopy unit were collected using an electronic reporting system.
Results All staff (physicians and nurses) completed the ESGE-ESGENA sedation course. In total, 12 132 patients underwent endoscopic procedures, 10 755 (88.6 %) of which were performed in a non-anesthesiological setting. Of these, about 20 % used moderate sedation with midazolam + fentanyl and 80 % used deep sedation with additional propofol. No sentinel, 5 (0.05 %) moderate risk, and 18 (0.17 %) minor risk adverse events occurred, all during moderate or deep sedation, and all managed by endoscopy staff without the need for anesthesiologist assistance.
Conclusions After completing the ESGE-ESGENA sedation training program, the rate of adverse events was very low in our institution. The findings support implementation of the program in all digestive endoscopy units and inclusion in the curriculum for physicians and nurses to ensure safe endoscopic procedures.
Incidental Durotomy Following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Performed with the Modified Wiltse Approach
Authors: Sheinis Dimitri , Sheinis Vadim , Benharroch Daniel , Ohana Nissim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose Incidental durotomy is an intraoperative complication that occurs in 3 to 27% of lumbar spine surgeries. It has been reported more commonly following revision spinal procedures.
Study Objectives To investigate the frequency of incidental durotomy while performing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using the modified Wiltse approach. A secondary goal was to compare the incidence of durotomy in patients undergoing primary spine surgery with those undergoing revision surgery.
Methods A group of consecutive patients who had undergone (TLIF) in the last 10 years ending in 2015 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent TLIF via the modified Wiltse approach that included a central midline skin incision, followed by a paravertebral blunt dissection of the paraspinal muscles to reach the transverse processes. The deep paravertebral dissection was done conservatively, one side at a time. Demographic and clinical data were collected when relevant to the comparison.
Results The study cohort encompassed 257 patients: 200 primary cases and 57 revisions. The frequency of incidental durotomy was equal in both groups: 3.5% each (7/200 and 2/57). All durotomies were repaired primarily. No other immediate or late complications were observed during follow-up.
Conclusion The present study displays a limited incidence of durotomy in the primary interventions and to a lesser degree in the revisions, all of which had used a TLIF performed with the modified Wiltse approach. This procedure probably circumvented the need for further revisions.
Fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratadas cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar
Authors: Miyamoto Alberto Kazuo , Graells Xavier Soler I , Sebben André Luis , Benato Marcel Luiz , Santoro Pedro Grein Del , Kulcheski Álynson Larocca 
Published: June 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar uma série de casos de fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratados cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar, e revisar a literatura médica existente.
Métodos Para a análise, foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários médicos de casos operados utilizando a técnica de Schildhauer et al para fixação. O período de acompanhamento foi de pelo menos 12 meses. Os resultados funcionais foram avaliados por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor e do índice de incapacidade de Oswestry, versão 2.0. Os dados foram comparados com os da literatura médica existente.
Resultados Seis casos foram analisados, sendo que quatro evoluíram com incapacidade moderada, um, com incapacidade mínima, e um, com incapacidade grave. Três casos que apresentavam déficit neurológico obtiveram melhora significativa. Apenas um caso evoluiu com complicação tromboembólica pulmonar.
Conclusão A técnica de Schildhauer et al é eficiente para a fixação de fraturas complexas de sacro com dissociação espinopélvica. Os pacientes evoluíram com bons resultados funcionais. A liberação precoce de sustentação de carga demonstrou-se segura com o uso deste tratamento.
Postdeployment Fertility Challenges and Treatment in the Modern Era
Authors: Lentscher Jessica A. , Combs Joshua C. , Walker Karrie , Young Christopher M. , Chason Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent war-fighting environments have shifted dramatically over the past decade, and with this change, new types of injuries are afflicting American soldiers. Operative Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom have noted an increased use of sophisticated improvised explosive devices by adversaries. Injuries not frequently seen in previous conflict are dismounted complex blast injuries, which involve multiple proximal amputations, pelvic fractures, and extensive perineal wounds. Thus, an unforeseen consequence of the decreased mortality rate after these complex blast injuries is a new wave of U.S. service members facing the challenges of recovering from the catastrophic amputations and genitourinary injuries. New applications of sperm retrieval methods may be used in these specific populations, as they recover and wish to purse family-building goals. Spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and considerations unique to the female soldier are explored in this review of urologic care in wounded veterans.
10.4 Product Class 4: Benzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Yoshikai N. , Rayner C. M. , Graham M. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter is a revision of the earlier Science of Synthesis Section 10.4. It describes methods for the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes and related compounds by ring closure or by modification of existing substituent(s) on the benzo[b]thiophene skeleton. Ring-closure methods typically involve the formation of the five-membered ring starting from benzene derivatives bearing substituents such as halogen, alkenyl, alkynyl, or sulfanyl groups at appropriate positions. Ring closure to form the benzene ring can also be achieved using suitably substituted thiophene derivatives. In particular, a number of new methods involving metal-catalyzed C—C and C—S bond formation that have been developed since the previous review are included. Recent years have also witnessed substantial progress in the methods available to directly introduce new substituents to the 2- and 3-positions of benzo[b]thiophenes through metal-catalyzed C—H bond functionalization, and these are included in this chapter.
21.1.8 Synthesis of Amides by Transamidation and Amidation of Activated Amides and Esters
Authors: Li G. , Szostak M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides a summary of the recent advances in direct transamidation and amidation reactions of activated amides and esters via transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free C(acyl) —N and C(acyl) —O bond cleavage as a new disconnection for the synthesis of amide bonds.
40.1.1.4.3 Synthesis of Amines by Rearrangement (Update 2020)
Authors: Ochoa C. I. , Tambar U. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of amines is one of the most important areas of research in organic chemistry due to the prevalence of nitrogen atoms in many functional molecules, including natural products, pharmaceutical drugs, and agrochemicals. The synthesis of amines through rearrangement reactions has been heavily researched and discussed over the past few decades. One of the most comprehensive reviews of this topic was included in Science of Synthesis (Section 40.1.1.4). The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date account of new methods and synthetic developments in amine rearrangement reactions within the last decade. Over this period of time, new chemistry has been developed which was not discussed in any particular section in the original account on this topic. Thus, this chapter serves as a supplementary document to the earlier review but is also a source of new synthetic strategies not discussed previously. The chapter is arranged in two sections: rearrangements from carbon to nitrogen, and rearrangements from nitrogen to carbon.
2D/2D heterojunction of g–C3N4/SnS2: room-temperature sensing material for ultrasensitive and rapid-recoverable NO2 detection
Authors: Sun Quan , Hao Juanyuan , Zheng Shengliang , Wan Peng , Li Jialu , Zhang Di , Li Yanqiu , Wang Tingting , Wang You 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heterojunction engineering plays an indispensable role in improving gas-sensing performance. However, rational heterojunction engineering to achieve room-temperature NO2 sensing with both high response and rapid recovery is still a challenge. Herein, a 2D/2D heterojunction of g–C3N4/SnS2 is designed to improve the sensing performance of SnS2 and used for ultrasensitive and rapid-recoverable NO2 detection at room temperature. The pristine SnS2 fails to work at room temperature because of its high resistivity and weak adsorption to NO2. After combination with g–C3N4 nanosheets, the g–C3N4/SnS2-based sensor exhibits an extremely high response (503%) and short recovery time (166 s) towards 1 ppm NO2 at room temperature. The improved sensing performance is primarily attributed to the increased adsorption sites and enhanced charge transfer induced by the 2D/2D heterojunctions with large interface contact area. This achievement of g–C3N4/SnS2 2D/2D heterostructures demonstrates a promising pathway for the design of sensitive gas-sensing material based on a 2D/2D heterojunction strategy.
Angular momentum and rotational energy of mean flows in toroidal magnetic fields
Authors: Wiesenberger M. , Held M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We derive the balance equation for the Favre averaged angular momentum in toroidal not necessarily axisymmetric magnetic field equilibria. We find that the components of angular momentum are given by the covariant poloidal and toroidal components of

E
×
B

and parallel flow velocities and we separately identify all relevant stress tensors, torques and source terms for each of these components. Our results feature the Favre stress generalisations of previously found Reynolds stresses like the diamagnetic or parallel

E
×
B

stress, as well as the density gradient drive term. Further, we identify the magnetic shear as a source of poloidal

E
×
B

angular momentum and discuss the mirror and the Lorentz force. Here, we find that the geodesic transfer term, the Stringer-Winsor spin-up term and the ion-orbit loss term are all part of the Lorentz force and are in fact one and the same term.
Discussing the relation to angular velocity we build the inertia tensor with the help of the first fundamental form of a flux-surface. In turn, the inertia tensor is used to construct a flux-surface averaged rotational energy for

E
×
B

surface flows of the plasma. The evolution of this rotational energy features a correction of previous results due to the inertia tensor. In particular, this correction suggests that density sources on the high-field side contribute much more to zonal flow energy generation than on the low field side.
Our derivation is based on a full-F, electromagnetic, gyro-kinetic model in a long-wavelength limit. The results can be applied to gyro-kinetic as well as gyro-fluid theories and can also be compared to drift-kinetic and drift-fluid models. Simplified cases for the magnetic field geometry including the axisymmetric purely toroidal and purely poloidal magnetic fields are discussed, as are the angular momentum balance of the electromagnetic fields, the ion-orbit loss mechanism and the parallel acceleration.
Effect of mesh geometry on resistive Micromegas for the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Sidiropoulou Ourania 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ATLAS Experiment will use resistive Micromegas detectors for the upgrade of the forward Muon System (NSW, for New Small Wheel). With the test of the first production modules, instabilities in the detector operation have been observed, leading to a systematic revision of the selected construction components and working parameters. In particular, the effect of the mesh geometry with respect to the discharge behaviour was studied using a special Micromegas detector designed and built by the ATLAS CERN group in 2014. The detector has a Micromegas structure similar to the one later on adopted by the NSW project; moreover it provides the possibility to easily replace the mesh. The test procedure consisted in measuring current, gain and counting rate from a 55Fe X-ray source, as a function of the amplification voltage up to the discharge limit. The systematic analysis of the data allowed us to draw conclusions on the stability interval of six different types of mesh, including the one chosen to be used for the NSW, consistent with the expectations. Results suggested that the mesh selected for the NSW (among the few available in the requested big size), was not optimal for operation with a safe plateau at high gain before discharges start to occur. After the present study, cost constraint and available dimension constraints prevented the replacement of the chosen baseline design, which is already available.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 25 Jun 2020 to correct the pdf header.
Possibilities of using probabilistic models in theoretical physics
Authors: Deryabina G S , Kuleshova Ju D , Pinchuk I A , Zabelina S B , Vysotskaya P A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article presents a historical overview of the path to understanding the probabilistic nature of the laws governing the behavior of microobjects and the creation of quantum mechanics. Its postulates are given and directions in the mathematization of quantum theory are described. The fundamental differences of the quantum probabilistic model from the classical one are presented in an overview.
High-frequency Optical Solution for Human Motion Tracking and Eye-tracking
Authors: Chertopolokhov V A , Khinenzon E V , Pravdivtsev A V , Grigoryan G L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The high frequency optical tracker is discussed in the article. Test image processing algorithm and the math model of a marker image was proposed. It is based on the real images of typical objects for detection. The investigation of its statistical characteristics gives a good approach for image processing algorithms. The model shows good conformity to real data. A new gaze tracking system based on self-designed system on the crystal was developed and tested. The high frame rate allows us to detect and determine several neurologic diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The device can be also used in wearable virtual reality headsets.
Synthesis and properties study of the X-ray phosphors Gd2O2S:Tb
Authors: Sh Ustabaev P , Bakhmetyev V V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gd2O2S:Tb based X-ray stimulated luminescent phosphors for X-ray intensifying screens, X-ray-visible light converters and bio-imaging are synthesized using two different methods (in a neutral or reducing atmospheres). The effects of atmosphere at synthesis, activator and flux content in the charge mixture and crucible lacing upon the prepared phosphors phase composition and luminescence intensity are studied. The optimal synthesis conditions are determined affording a Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor free of admixture phases and providing the highest luminescence intensity upon excitation with «hard» X-ray irradiation. The synthesized phosphor is characterized by particle size distribution analysis and X-ray stimulated luminescence spectra measurements.
Computer analysis of the influence of technological parameters of a high–speed liquid crystal modulator on its integral characteristics
Authors: Simonenko G V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is a computer analysis of various designs of LC light modulators. Based on the integrated characteristics of the LC modulator, its optimal design is found. It was shown that the LC modulator based on the LC structure with a twist angle of 270° under antisymmetric boundary conditions with small values of the pretilt angles on the orienting substrates, operating in the waveguide mode and using a phase film compensator, has optimal integral characteristics. The results of comparing the integral characteristics of the LC modulator based on various LC structures are presented.
Structure and properties of self-healing materials based on hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane and boric acid
Authors: Mashchenko V I , Sitnikov N N , Khabibullina I A , Kuzmin M K , Chausov D N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Borosiloxane materials (BS) with self-healing properties based on polydimethyl-siloxane with terminal hydroxyl groups and boric acid were obtained. BS was obtained with differ in viscoelastic characteristics by varying the synthesis conditions and composition. The properties of the obtained BS are characterized by the methods of synchronous thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. Self-healing and elastic properties were characterized by methods of spreading and rebound of ball from BS. The molecular and supramolecular structures of borosiloxanes obtained under various conditions explaining the difference in their viscoelastic properties are presented. It is shown that by changing the conditions of synthesis and the introduction of a plasticizer, it is possible to vary the parameters of self-healing and elastic properties of materials based on BS. The resulting materials may be interesting for various fields where the restoration of material characteristics by self-healing is required, from medical biocompatible materials to nano- and microelectronics and space technology.
Formation of vortex structures by noncollinear waves on the water surface
Authors: Poplevin A V , Filatov S V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The generation of a large-scale vortex flow by gravity waves on the water surface has been experimentally studied. It is shown that the mechanism of vortex system attenuation changes with an increase in the relative pump amplitude. The wave amplitudes have been experimentally determined at which the experiment is not described by a theoretical model. The experimental results agree well with the developed theoretical model.
A new method of potenciation of aqueous media using high-frequency glow discharge plasma
Authors: Danyleiko Yu , Ashurov M , Belov S , Alborova M , Egorov A , Shilin N L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A method of activation of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes using high-frequency glow discharge plasma in water vapor at atmospheric pressure is considered. An experimental setup for activation of aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl salts, sodium sulfate Na2SO4, potassium sulfate K2SO4, etc. is presented. Experimental studies were conducted using an activated solution based on potassium sulfate K2SO4, at a concentration of 5.7×10−2 M. The limit values of acidity, redox potential (Eh) and hydrogen peroxide concentration of the prepared activated solution were: pH ≍ 8.3, Eh ≍ 800, H2O2 concentration ≍ 5×10−4 mol. %. The effectiveness of the K2SO4 - based activated aqueous solution was evaluated at test sites of typical crops, such as soybeans and corn. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the method of activation of aqueous solutions using high-frequency glow discharge plasma is quite simple, technological and low-cost.
Nonlocal hydrodynamic modeling high-rate shear processes in condensed matter
Authors: Khantuleva T , Shalymov D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Problem of mathematical modeling high-rate processes in condensed medium is considered by using new nonlocal hydrodynamic approach based on the results of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and cybernetical physics. Interrelationships between the spatiotemporal correlations in the integral thermodynamic relationships between forces and fluxes and the system internal structure made it possible to describe the self-organization of new dynamic structures in the open system. The temporal structure evolution is described by methods of the control theory of adaptive systems. The proposed approach to the structure evolution allows a new insight into the system state stability. The proposed approach is used to describe high-rate shear flow in the Couette formulation. Explicit approximate solutions to the problem show that steady pure shear flow far from equilibrium looses its stability due to dynamic structure evolution. Near the boundaries there appear layers where continuum mechanics becomes invalid and non-equilibrium interfacial interaction with the walls forms vortex structures. In transient modes a meta-stable state can occur where the system evolution can change its direction due to any weak impact.
Calculus investigation of cavity resistant propellers. Defining cavity protraction circumstances
Authors: Dikiy S V , Kochnov G V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
One of the key purpose in water propeller design is to determine operating conditions where the cavity mode appears. They may result in dramatic thrust lack, drag rise and mechanical damage. An objective of the article is to verify potential of computer fluid dynamics program set OpenFoam in 5-bladed propeller propulsion characteristics investigation next to the cavity mode, and to study pitch and maximum thickness roles in cavity sustainability. Applied in the work method is based on solution of Reynolds equations with turbulent model closure via finite volume method. Suggested methodology proved a high conformity to experimental data.