bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiding in Plain Sight. Amy Suo Wu’s The Kandinsky
Authors: Cramer Florian 
Published: May 2020

The history of 20th century painting conventionally identifies abstraction with modernism and the return of figuration with postmodernism. But abstraction ended much earlier, in a spy operation during World War II, when a British intelligence officer, in a stroke of genius, found abstract paintings to be the perfect carriers for secret messages transported across the ocean. For this purpose, he commissioned a painting to Wassily Kandinsky that included a secret message encoded – in the manner of flag signs or Morse code – into its seemingly abstract visual shapes. This anecdote explains steganography: the clever hiding of messages
in other messages. Steganographic messages do not need to appear innocuous. At some point,
militant jihadists were reported to run pornographic websites as a cover, using porn images for hidden communication. [...]
Vibrant Maps : exploring the reverberationof feminist digital mapping
Authors: Suárez Val Helena 
Published: May 2020

En los últimos años, activistas feministas en varios países de América Latina han creado mapas digitales de feminicidio: las muertes violentas de mujeres relacionadas con el género. La intersección del activismo y el mapeo ha sido explorada desde la académia y por activistas que han abordado la naturaleza performativa, participativa y política de los mapas, y por académicas feministas que han analizado —y promueven— la reivindicación del mapeo y de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GIS por sus siglas en inglés) por y para las mujeres y el pensamiento y la acción feminista. En este ensayo, uso el caso del mapa Feminicidio Uruguay y tomo ideas del nuevo materialismo para proponer un novedoso abordaje metodológico para estudiar esta intersección. Un abordaje que podría revelar una comprensión más compleja de la agencia de las cosas digitales creadas en la apropiación desobediente de objetos cotidianos, como Google Maps.
Beatriz González. Entre el arte pop y la "indexicalidad" del fenómeno de la violencia
Authors: Urueña López J. E. 
Published: May 2020

Beatriz González, artista y curadora colombiana, es una de las principales exponentes del arte pop en Colombia. Su relación manifiesta con el arte de coyuntura la acerca a un ejercicio histórico sobre las dolencias de un conflicto; un arte como consecuencia de vida que denuncia a partir del color, como indexicalización de lo que ha transcurrido en los últimos sesenta años en el país. Este artículo evidencia la coyuntura política que motivó a Beatriz en su exploración pictórica por las bases de producción del arte pop. Una exploración que cuestiona los principios ontológicos que caracterizan esta tendencia en el arte contemporáneo. González, en medio de su trabajo artístico icónico y la denuncia sociopolítica en la que estaba sumergido el país a finales del siglo XX, logró configurar los fundamentos de un arte indéxico (Malagón, 2010; Krauss, 2003) para establecer los primeros rastros de la memoria visual de un conflicto armado que ha lastimado a tanta gente.
Long-term variance of heavy precipitation across central Europe using a large ensemble of regional climate model simulations
Authors: Ehmele Florian , Kautz Lisa-Ann , Feldmann Hendrik , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Widespread flooding events are among the major natural hazards in central Europe. Such events are usually related to intensive, long-lasting precipitation over larger areas. Despite some prominent floods during the last three decades (e.g., 1997, 1999, 2002, and 2013), extreme floods are rare and associated with estimated long return periods of more than 100 years. To assess the associated risks of such extreme events, reliable statistics of precipitation and discharge are required. Comprehensive observations, however, are mainly available for the last 50–60 years or less. This shortcoming can be reduced using stochastic data sets. One possibility towards this aim is to consider climate model data or extended reanalyses. This study presents and discusses a validation of different century-long data sets, decadal hindcasts, and also predictions for the upcoming decade combined to a new large ensemble. Global reanalyses for the 20th century with a horizontal resolution of more than 100 km have been dynamically downscaled with a regional climate model (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling – CLimate Mode; COSMO-CLM) towards a higher resolution of 25 km. The new data sets are first filtered using a dry-day adjustment. Evaluation focuses on intensive widespread precipitation events and related temporal variabilities and trends. The presented ensemble data are within the range of observations for both statistical distributions and time series. The temporal evolution during the past 60 years is captured. The results reveal some long-term variability with phases of increased and decreased precipitation rates. The overall trend varies between the investigation areas but is mostly significant. The predictions for the upcoming decade show ongoing tendencies with increased areal precipitation. The presented regional climate model (RCM) ensemble not only allows for more robust statistics in general, it is also suitable for a better estimation of extreme values.
Short communication: Landlab v2.0: a software package for Earth surface dynamics
Authors: Barnhart Katherine R. , Hutton Eric W. H. , Tucker Gregory E. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Lyons Nathan J. , Mouchene Margaux , Nudurupati Sai Siddhartha , Adams Jordan M. , Bandaragoda Christina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Numerical simulation of the form and characteristics of Earth's surface provides insight into its evolution. Landlab is an open-source Python package that contains modularized elements of numerical models for Earth's surface, thus reducing time required for researchers to create new or reimplement existing models. Landlab contains a gridding engine which represents the model domain as a dual graph of structured quadrilaterals (e.g., raster) or irregular Voronoi polygon–Delaunay triangle mesh (e.g., regular hexagons, radially symmetric meshes, and fully irregular meshes). Landlab also contains components – modular implementations of single physical processes – and a suite of utilities that support numerical methods, input/output, and visualization. This contribution describes package development since version 1.0 and backward-compatibility-breaking changes that necessitate the new major release, version 2.0. Substantial changes include refactoring the grid, improving the component standard interface, dropping Python 2 support, and creating 31 new components – for a total of 58 components in the Landlab package. We describe reasons why many changes were made in order to provide insight for designers of future packages. We conclude by discussing lessons about the dynamics of scientific software development gained from the experience of using, developing, maintaining, and teaching with Landlab.
Actuator line simulations of wind turbine wakes using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Asmuth Henrik , Olivares-Espinosa Hugo , Ivanell Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The high computational demand of large-eddy simulations (LESs) remains the biggest obstacle for a wider applicability of the method in the field of wind energy. Recent progress of GPU-based (graphics processing unit) lattice Boltzmann frameworks provides significant performance gains alleviating such constraints. The presented work investigates the potential of LES of wind turbine wakes using the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (CLBM). The wind turbine is represented by the actuator line model (ALM). The implementation is validated and discussed by means of a code-to-code comparison to an established finite-volume Navier–Stokes solver. To this end, the ALM is subjected to both laminar and turbulent inflow while a standard Smagorinsky sub-grid-scale model is employed in the two numerical approaches. The resulting wake characteristics are discussed in terms of the first- and second-order statistics as well the spectra of the turbulence kinetic energy. The near-wake characteristics in laminar inflow are shown to match closely with differences of less than 3 % in the wake deficit. Larger discrepancies are found in the far wake and relate to differences in the point of the laminar-turbulent transition of the wake. In line with other studies, these differences can be attributed to the different orders of accuracy of the two methods. Consistently better agreement is found in turbulent inflow due to the lower impact of the numerical scheme on the wake transition. In summary, the study outlines the feasibility of wind turbine simulations using the CLBM and further validates the presented set-up. Furthermore, it highlights the computational potential of GPU-based LBM implementations for wind energy applications. For the presented cases, near-real-time performance was achieved using a single, off-the-shelf GPU on a local workstation.
Undercover for the Movement: The Story of Stanley Boyd
Authors: Hamlin Françoise N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrawing from archives, oral histories, interviews, and Boyd’s own writing, this article considers the fascinating story of Stanley Boyd, a white volunteer born in California who went undercover in Clarksdale, Mississippi, during the Mississippi Summer Project in 1964. Armed with his whiteness, a typewriter, and a carefully crafted cover, his mission was to acquire as much information as possible about the city’s power structure in order to assist civil rights activists on various fronts. With this research he also completed a master’s thesis. Situating Boyd in the surveillance culture of the 1960s, one dominated by the FBI, COINTELPRO, and the informants used against the movement, this essay explores how movement organizers utilized multiple strategies, even espionage, playing back at their enemies with their own game via the unadvertised and scarcely documented “special project.” This essay also expands the scope of movement activism beyond purely reactionary or protest-driven activities to include careful planning and strategizing to yield information for the most impact.
BUILD, Baltimore’s Working Poor, and Economic Citizenship in the 1990s
Authors: Deslippe Dennis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This essay examines the history of economic citizenship in urban America in the 1990s by focusing on Baltimoreans United in Leadership Development (known more commonly by its acronym BUILD). In 1994, this “citizens power organization” of churches and congregations won the first living wage ordinance in the United States. Its response to the urban redevelopment regime of the 1980s and 1990s focused on the needs of the Baltimore poor and working-class service workers. Although BUILD was a self-described “multiracial, ecumenical, city-wide institutionally based organization,” its agenda was attentive to the way differently situated workers experienced urban decline and redevelopment. This was the case in Baltimore where African American citizens—especially African American women—constituted a significant proportion of its service-workers ranks.
DEPENDENCE OF DYNAMIC VISCOSITY OF NAPHTHENIC HYDROCARBONS IN CYCLOPENTANE SERIES ON QUANTUM AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Kovaleva Ella A. , Dolomatov Mikhail Yu. 
Published: May 2020

Interrelation of parameters for Newtonian fluid viscous flow of monocyclic hydrocarbons with quantum and structural (topological) characteristics of molecules are considered. Ionization potentials and topological indices, respectively, were considered as quantum and topological characteristics. The vertical ionization potentials were calculated by the Koopmans ' theorem of quantum chemical methods with full molecular geometry optimization. We have studied topological indices that take into account the size and shape of the molecular graph. As a topological descriptors the Wiener index, the Balaban centric index, the Randic index (the index of molecular connectivity), Gutman (Szeged) index, Platt index and the Harary index were considered. For hydrocarbons in cyclopentane series with side chains, the kinetic compensation effect of dynamic viscosity has been established, which connects the activation energy and Arrhenius factor in the framework of the Frenkel-Eyring model. It is established that for compounds of a number of five-membered naphthenes, the apparent activation energy for viscous flow and the associated pre-exponential factor, depends on quantum parameters (ionization potentials) and the topology of the molecules. In this paper, a regression quantitative structure−property relationship (QSPR) is proposed using as descriptors the ionization potentials and topological indices for the prediction of dynamic viscosity. Prognostics capabilities of the proposed model and the adequacy of the forecast were verified by calculating the values of the dynamic viscosity of hydrocarbons that are not included in the base series. Experimental and theoretical substantiation of the proposed regularity was given within the framework of the representation of the viscous flow activation energy as a measure of intermolecular interaction and the predominance of dispersion interaction in hydrocarbon molecules for cyclopentane series. The equation obtained during the study can be used to predict the viscosity characteristics of synthesized and natural five-membered naphthenes.
The Role of Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis in Disease and Health
Authors: Liem Torsten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS; also, sphenobasilar synostosis or sphenooccipital synchondrosis) plays a major role in the concept of osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM) and craniosacral therapy. Previous research suggests that many individuals, from newborns to adults, present with single or multiple SBS strain patterns as a result of the birth process and other traumatic forces throughout life. To date, it is unclear whether specific SBS lesion patterns are present in altered health states and disease and how they compare with healthy controls.

Objective
To identify research that reports on specific SBS strain patterns compared with healthy controls.

Methods
A literature review of electronic databases and hand-search of publication bibliographies was performed. Observational studies of newborns, children, and adults were included if there was information on the occurrence of cranial strain patterns related to the SBS in individuals with impaired health states and a healthy control group.

Results
Of 1123 citations, 836 articles were screened after duplicate removal, and 42 articles were evaluated by full-text assessment. Three articles were included in this review, including 1 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. The age ranges of the populations studied were newborns aged 5 days or younger, children aged 4 to 14 years, and adults aged 45 to 90 years. In adults with Parkinson disease, no significant difference in SBS strain patterns between the Parkinson disease group and the age-matched healthy control group were seen. In contrast, different SBS strain patterns were observed between newborns with a range of health impairments, such as jaundice and respiratory and nervous symptoms, and children with learning disabilities compared with their healthy counterparts. However, no statistical analysis was conducted in these 2 studies; hence, results are difficult to interpret. Reporting in all 3 studies was limited; therefore, the methodologic quality of the 3 identified studies was deemed incapable of being judged.

Conclusion
The study landscape of this review highlights the scarcity of, poor reporting on, and unclear methodologic quality of research on SBS strain patterns in disease and health. It is still unclear whether and to what extent specific SBS strain patterns occur in impaired health states compared with healthy controls. Future studies should seek to improve study methods and reporting and minimize the risk of bias.
Microscale Polarization Color Pixels from Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Guo Yubing , Shahsavan Hamed , Sitti Metin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) attract burgeoning research interests due to their programmable 3D shape transformation and achievable large strain (up to 400%), which allow their diverse applications. One exciting application is soft microrobots towards biomedical applications. Here, it is demonstrated that polarization colors, an intrinsic property from the anisotropic nature of LCEs, can assist LCEs in their diverse applications. Microscale color pixels with sizes as small as 15 µm × 15 µm are obtained with designable colors from precisely controlled thicknesses enabled by two‐photon polymerization technique. It is then demonstrated that in‐plane rotation of LCE pixels only changes their color brightness instead of color hue and small tilting angle (<15°) causes almost no change of their color. These properties enable high‐contrast tracking of LCEs under polarized microscope. Furthermore, it is exhibited that both 2D and 3D microstructures with pre‐designed multiple colors can be realized, allowing for LCE applications requiring precise discrimination of different components. Finally, dynamic polarization colors are explored by insertion of waveplates and change of temperature, which allows for either better tracking of LCEs or applications of LCEs in temperature sensing and information encryption. It is expected that polarization colors will assist various LCE applications, especially soft microrobot and art display applications.
Dr. B.A. Stewart: Creator and director of the Dryland Agriculture Institute at West Texas A&M University
Authors: Blaser Brock C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring his 24 yr as Director of the Dryland Agriculture Institute at West Texas A&M University (WTAMU), Dr. B.A. Stewart had a significant impact on dryland research, undergraduate and graduate students from numerous countries, the faculty and staff at WTAMU, and fellow scientists throughout the soil and crop science world. His influence will continue to have an impact on dryland crop production and researchers for many generations to come.
Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten mit realistischen Modellen und erhöhten Verhaltensbeiwerten
Authors: El‐Deib Khaled , Butenweg Christoph , Klinkel Sven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Anwendung des linearen Nachweiskonzepts auf Mauerwerksbauten führt dazu, dass bereits heute Standsicherheitsnachweise für Gebäude mit üblichen Grundrissen in Gebieten mit moderaten Erdbebeneinwirkungen nicht mehr geführt werden können. Diese Problematik wird sich in Deutschland mit der Einführung kontinuierlicher probabilistischer Erdbebenkarten weiter verschärfen. Aufgrund der Erhöhung der seismischen Einwirkungen, die sich vielerorts ergibt, ist es erforderlich, die vorhandenen, bislang nicht berücksichtigten Tragfähigkeitsreserven in nachvollziehbaren Nachweiskonzepten in der Baupraxis verfügbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Konzept für die gebäudespezifische Ermittlung von erhöhten Verhaltensbeiwerten vor. Die Verhaltensbeiwerte setzen sich aus drei Anteilen zusammen, mit denen die Lastumverteilung im Grundriss, die Verformungsfähigkeit und Energiedissipation sowie die Überfestigkeiten berücksichtigt werden. Für die rechnerische Ermittlung dieser drei Anteile wird ein nichtlineares Nachweiskonzept auf Grundlage von Pushover‐Analysen vorgeschlagen, in denen die Interaktionen von Wänden und Geschossdecken durch einen Einspanngrad beschrieben werden. Für die Bestimmung der Einspanngrade wird ein nichtlinearer Modellierungsansatz eingeführt, mit dem die Interaktion von Wänden und Decken abgebildet werden kann. Die Anwendung des Konzepts mit erhöhten gebäudespezifischen Verhaltensbeiwerten wird am Beispiel eines Mehrfamilienhauses aus Kalksandsteinen demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der linearen Nachweise mit erhöhten Verhaltensbeiwerten für dieses Gebäude liegen deutlich näher an den Ergebnissen nichtlinearer Nachweise und somit bleiben übliche Grundrisse in Erdbebengebieten mit den traditionellen linearen Rechenansätzen nachweisbar.
Benefits of Organo‐Aqueous Binary Solvents for Redox Supercapacitors Based on Polyoxometalates
Authors: Dsoke Sonia , Abbas Qamar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel redox electrolyte is proposed based on organo‐aqueous solvent and a polyoxometalate (POM) redox moiety. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plays multiple roles in this system. Firstly, it enhances the cathodic electrochemical stability window by shifting the H2 evolution to lower potentials with respect to pure aqueous systems; secondly, it improves the reversibility of the redox reaction of the PW12O403− anion at low potentials. The presence of DMSO suppresses the Al corrosion, thus enabling the use of this metal as the current collector. An activated carbon‐based supercapacitor is investigated in 1 M LiNO3/10 mM H3PW12O40 in a mixed DMSO/H2O solvent and compared with a POM‐free electrolyte. In the presence of POMs, the device achieves better stability under floating conditions at 1.8 V. At 1 kW kg−1, it delivers a specific energy of 8 Wh kg−1 vs. 4.5 Wh kg−1 delivered from the POM‐free device. The H2 evolution is further shifted by the POMs adsorbed on the activated carbon, which is one reason for the improved stability. The POM‐containing cell demonstrates a mitigated self‐discharge, owing to strong POMs adsorption into the carbon pores.
Outcomes among pediatric patients with cancer who are treated on trial versus off trial: A matched cohort study
Authors: Schapira Marilyn M. , Stevens Evelyn M. , Sharpe James E. , Hochman Lauren , Reiter Joseph G. , Calhoun Shawna R. , Shah Shivani A. , Bailey Leonard Charles , Bagatell Rochelle , Silber Jeffrey H. , Tai Eric , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundApproximately 50% of children with cancer in the United States who are aged <15 years receive primary treatment on a therapeutic clinical trial. To the authors' knowledge, it remains unknown whether trial enrollment has a clinical benefit compared with the best alternative standard therapy and/or off trial (ie, clinical trial effect). The authors conducted a retrospective matched cohort study to compare the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients with cancer who are treated on a phase 3 clinical trial compared with those receiving standard therapy and/or off trial.MethodsSubjects were aged birth to 19 years; were diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), rhabdomyosarcoma, or neuroblastoma; and had received initial treatment at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. On‐trial and off‐trial subjects were matched based on age, race, ethnicity, a diagnosis of Down syndrome (for patients with ALL or AML), prognostic risk level, date of diagnosis, and tumor type.ResultsA total of 428 participants were matched in 214 pairs (152 pairs for ALL, 24 pairs for AML, 32 pairs for rhabdomyosarcoma, and 6 pairs for neuroblastoma). The 5‐year survival rate did not differ between those treated on trial versus those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial (86.9% vs 82.2%; P = .093). On‐trial patients had a 32% lower odds of having worse (higher) mortality‐morbidity composite scores, although this did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.45‐1.03 [P = .070]).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in outcomes noted between those patients treated on trial and those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial. However, in partial support of the clinical trial effect, the results of the current study indicate a trend toward more favorable outcomes in children treated on trial compared with those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial. These findings can support decision making regarding enrollment in pediatric phase 3 clinical trials.