bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain state-dependent cortico-hippocampal network dynamics are modulated by postnatal stimuli
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki , Koketsu Shinnosuke , Hirase Hajime , Ueki Takatoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus discharge synchronously in a brain state-dependent manner to transfer information. Published studies have highlighted the temporal coordination of neuronal activities between the hippocampus and a cortical area, however, how the spatial extent of cortex activity relates to hippocampal activity remains largely unknown. We imaged macroscopic cortical activity while recording hippocampal local field potentials in unanesthetized GCaMP-expressing transgenic mice. We found that cortical activity elevates before and after hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWR). SWR-associated cortical activities occurred predominantly in vision-related regions including visual, retrosplenial and prefrontal cortex. While pre-SWR cortical activities were frequently observed in awake and sleep states, post-SWR cortical activity decreased significantly in sleep. During hippocampal theta oscillation states, phase-locked oscillations of calcium activity was observed throughout the entire cortex state. Environmental effects on cortico-hippocampal dynamics were also assessed by comparing mice reared in an enriched environment (ENR) or under isolated conditions (ISO). In both SWR and theta oscillations, mice reared in an isolated condition exhibited clearer brain state-dependent dynamics than those reared in an enriched environment. Our data demonstrate that the cortex and hippocampus exhibit heterogeneous activity patterns that characterize brain states, and postnatal experience plays a significant role in modulating these patterns.Significant StatementThe hippocampus is a center for memory formation. However, the memory formed in the hippocampus is not stored forever, but gradually transferred into the cerebral cortex. As an underlying mechanism, phase-locked synchronized activities between the cortex and hippocampus has been hypothesized. However, spatio-temporal dynamics between hippocampus and whole cortical areas remained mostly unknown. We measured cortical calcium activities with hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously, and found that the activities of widespread cortical areas are temporally associated with hippocampal EEG. The cortico-hippocampal dynamics is primarily regulated by animal awake/sleep state. Even if similar EEG patters were observed, temporal dynamics between the cortex and hippocampus exhibit distinct patterns between awake and sleep period. In addition, animals’ postnatal experience modulates the dynamics.
A quantitative model predicts how m6A reshapes the kinetic landscape of nucleic acid hybridization and conformational transitions
Authors: Liu Bei , Shi Honglue , Rangadurai Atul , Nussbaumer Felix , Chu Chia-Chieh , Erharter Kevin Andreas , Case David A. , Kreutz Christoph , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a post-transcriptional modification that controls gene expression by recruiting proteins to RNA sites. The modification also slows biochemical processes through mechanisms that are not understood. Using NMR relaxation dispersion, we show that m6A pairs with uridine with the methylamino group in theanticonformation to form a Watson-Crick base pair that transiently exchanges on the millisecond timescale with a singly hydrogen-bonded low-populated (1%) mismatch-like conformation in which the methylamino group issyn.This ability to rapidly interchange between Watson-Crick or mismatch-like forms, combined with differentsyn:antiisomer preferences when paired (~1:100) versus unpaired (~10:1), explains how m6A robustly slows duplex annealing without affecting melting via two pathways in which isomerization occurs before or after duplex annealing. Our model quantitatively predicts how m6A reshapes the kinetic landscape of nucleic acid hybridization and conformational transitions, and provides an explanation for why the modification robustly slows diverse cellular processes.
Engineered pH-Sensitive Protein G / IgG Interaction
Authors: Jha Ramesh K. , Yankey Allison , Shabazz Kalifa , Naranjo Leslie , Velappan Nileena , Bradbury Andrew , Strauss Charlie E. M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWhile natural protein-protein interactions have evolved to be induced by complex stimuli, rational design of interactions that can be switched-on-demand still remain challenging in the protein design world. Here, we demonstrate a computationally redesigned natural interface for improved binding affinity could further be mutated to adopt a pH switchable interaction. The redesigned interface of Protein G-IgG Fc domain, when incorporated with histidine and glutamic acid on Protein G (PrG-EHHE), showed a switch in binding affinity by 50-fold when pH was altered from mild acidic to mild basic. The wild type (WT) interface only showed negligible switch. The overall binding affinity at mild acidic pH for PrG-EHHE outperformed the WT PrG interaction. The new reagent PrG-EHHE will be revolutionary in IgG purification since the traditional method of using an extreme acidic pH for elution can be circumvented.Abstract Figure
Modeling brain reorganization after hemispherectomy
Authors: Seoane Luis F , Solé Ricard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrain reorganization after hemispherectomy (i.e. after the removal of a whole hemisphere) is perhaps the most remarkable example of large-scale brain plasticity. Most often patients survive and recover their skills. Functional traits located in the lost side (e.g. language areas) can sometimes be completely reassembled in the remaining hemisphere, which seamlessly takes on the additional processing burden. This demands drastic rearrangements, perhaps involving the readaptation of functionally and structurally diverse neural structures. We lack mathematical models of how this happens. We introduce a very simple model, based on self-organized maps, that provides a rationale to the clinical aftermath of the intervention, putative windows for recovery, and the origins and nature of observed thresholds for irreversible function loss. The implications for brain symmetry and potential scenarios in simulated pathologies, including efficient suggested treatments, are outlined.
Extensive High-Order Complexes within SARS-CoV-2 Proteome Revealed by Compartmentalization-Aided Interaction Screening
Authors: Xu Weifan , Pei Gaofeng , Liu Hongrui , Wang Jing , Li Pilong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBearing the largest single-stranded RNA genome in nature, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes sophisticated replication/transcription complexes (RTCs), mainly composed of a network of nonstructural proteins and nucleocapsid protein, to establish efficient infection. Here, we developed an innovative interaction screening strategy based on phase separationin cellulo, namelycompartmentalization ofprotein-proteininteractions incells (CoPIC). Utilizing CoPIC screening, we mapped the interaction network among RTC-related viral proteins. We identified a total of 47 binary interactions among 14 proteins governing replication, discontinuous transcription, and translation of coronaviruses. Further exploration via CoPIC led to the discovery of extensive ternary complexes composed of these components, which infer potential higher-order complexes. Taken together, our results present an efficient, and robust interaction screening strategy, and indicate the existence of a complex interaction network among RTC-related factors, thus opening up new opportunities to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and develop therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
Elevational gradients do not affect thermal tolerance at local scale in populations of livebearing fishes of the genusLimia(Teleostei, Poeciliidae)
Authors: Silva Rodet Rodriguez , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the main assumptions of Janzen’s (1976) mountain passes hypothesis is that due the low overlap in temperature regimes between low and high elevations in the tropics, organisms living in high-altitude evolve narrow tolerance for colder temperatures while low-altitude species develop narrow tolerance for warmer temperatures. Some studies have questioned the generality of the assumptions and predictions of this hypothesis suggesting that other factors different to temperature gradients between low and high elevations may explain altitudinal distribution of species in the tropics. We assessed variation in tolerance to extreme temperatures (measured as critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and maximum (CTmax)) and also compared thermal breadth for populations of eight species of livebearing fishes of the genusLimiaoccurring in three Caribbean islands and that occupy different altitudinal distribution. Our results showed that species analyzed had significant differences in thermal limits and ranges. Generally, species distributed in high and low elevations did not differ in thermal limits and showed a wider range of thermal tolerance. However, species living in mid-elevations had narrower range of temperature tolerance. We found no significant effect of phylogeny on CTmin, CTmax and thermal ranges among species. This study did not provide evidence supporting Janzen’s hypothesis at a local scale since thermal tolerance and altitudinal distribution ofLimiaspecies were not related to temperature gradients expected in nature. Phylogeny also did not explain the patterns we observed. We suggest that biotic factors such as species interactions, diet specializations, and others should be taken into account when interpreting current distribution patterns ofLimiaspecies.
Measuring thermodynamic preferences to form non-native conformations in nucleic acids using melting experiments reveals a rich sequence-specific DNA conformational landscape
Authors: Rangadurai Atul , Shi Honglue , Xu Yu , Liu Bei , Assi Hala Abou , Boom John D. , Zhou Huiqing , Kimsey Isaac J. , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermodynamic preferences to form non-native conformations are crucial for understanding how nucleic acids fold and function. However, they are difficult to measure experimentally because this requires accurately determining the population of minor low-abundance (<10%) conformations in a sea of other conformations. Here we show that melting experiments enable facile measurements of thermodynamic preferences to adopt non-native conformations in DNA and RNA. The key to this ‘delta-melt’ approach is to use chemical modifications to render specific minor non-native conformations the major state. The validity and robustness of delta-melt is established for four different non-native conformations under various physiological conditions and sequence contexts through independent measurements of thermodynamic preferences using NMR. delta-melt is fast, simple, cost-effective, and enables thermodynamic preferences to be measured for exceptionally low-populated conformations. Using delta-melt, we obtained rare insights into conformational cooperativity, obtaining evidence for significant cooperativity (1.0-2.5 kcal/mol) when simultaneously forming two adjacent Hoogsteen base pairs. We also measured the thermodynamic preferences to form G-C+and A-T Hoogsteen and A-T base open states for nearly all sixteen trinucleotide sequence contexts and found distinct sequence-specific variations on the order of 2-3 kcal/mol. This rich landscape of sequence-specific non-native minor conformations in the DNA double helix may help shape the sequence-specificity of DNA biochemistry. Thus, melting experiments can now be used to access thermodynamic information regarding regions of the free energy landscape of biomolecules beyond the native folded and unfolded conformations.Significance StatementThermodynamic preferences of nucleic acids to adopt non-native conformations are crucial for understanding how they function but prove difficult to measure experimentally. As a result, little is known about how these thermodynamic preferences vary with sequence and structural contexts, physiological conditions, and chemical modifications. Here, we show that modifications stabilizing non-native conformations and rendering them the major state, in conjunction with melting experiments, enable facile measurements of thermodynamic preferences to form various non-native conformations in DNA and RNA. delta-melt provided rare insights into the cooperativity of forming tandem Hoogsteen base pairs and revealed large and distinct sequence-specific preferences to form G-C+and A-T Hoogsteen and A-T base open conformations in DNA, which may contribute to sequence-specific DNA biochemistry.
Offending patterns – alone or in a group – and severe conduct problems: secondary analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire data
Authors: Gilbert Emma , Padmore Jane , Norman Ian 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to builds upon the hypothesis that “gang” offenders have greater mental health vulnerabilities than both the offender and the general population. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference between the mental health difficulties experienced by young people who may be committing offenses or who may be non-offenders while exploring the interplay of conduct disorder (CD).

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary data analysis was conducted of a cross-sectional survey of 449 young people in two secondary schools and the data was compared to the scores on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). A diagnosis of CD was given to the respondents scoring “abnormal” for conduct on the SDQ and the findings were compared to the total difficulties score of those without a diagnosis of CD.

Findings
Those committing offenses both alone and within a group setting had significantly higher scores across all domains of the SDQ, indicating the prevalence of inattention and hyperactivity, emotional problems, lower prosocial behaviors and peer problems over other offending groups. The total difficulties scores on the SDQ were significantly higher for the offending groups that had a diagnosis of CD.

Originality/value
The results suggest that offending patterns are included within the screening for CD subtypes and support the need for further research into tailored interventions that involve multi-agency collaboration. This research offers a new approach to the identification of severe CD with callous and unemotional traits by examining offensive behavior.
Terrorist risk assessment in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Novikov Andrey Vadimovich , Koshkin Andrey Petrovich , Abramov Ruslan Agarunovich 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The aim of the paper is to identify the characteristics of terrorist risks in the regional aspect by using the example of the Russian Federation.

Design/methodology/approach
The cluster analysis revealed four groups of regions that differ in the level of terrorist risk. Then, based on comparison of regression analysis results for the selected regions and the country as a whole, a characteristic of factors contributing to and preventing terrorism was presented.

Findings
The research results showed that the main problems affecting the growth of terrorism, both at the national and regional levels, are the low level of economic freedom, as well as high political instability, crime rates, corruption and digital globalization processes. Therefore, when developing and implementing a counter-terrorism policy, more attention should be paid to these areas.

Originality/value
Assessing terrorist risk across national regions is a relevant problem. The identification of patterns in the commission of terrorist attacks and their regional distribution are of great importance for national counter-terrorism strategies.
The strategic role of corporate online references: building social capital through signaling in business networks
Authors: Tóth Zsófia , Naudé Peter , Henneberg Stephan C. , Diaz Ruiz Carlos Adrian 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize corporate reference management as a strategic signaling activity in business networks. While research has extensively outlined how firms develop and maintain social capital through business-to-business (B2B) relationships, less is known about how they signal their participation in business networks to develop this social capital. Therefore, this paper conceptualizes B2B references, in particular corporate online references (COR), as a tool through which firms “borrow” attractiveness from their business network. Through the lens of structural social capital theory, COR is shown to capture advantages related to interconnectedness between firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a two-step qualitative and quantitative research design. First, the authors undertook a qualitative study that reports on the COR practices of senior business managers. A quantitative study then uses social network analysis (SNA) to audit a digital business network comprising 1,098 firms in a metropolitan area of the UK, referencing to each other through their corporate websites using COR.FindingsThe analyses find that COR practices contribute to building structural social capital in networks through strategic signaling. Firms do so by managing B2B references to craft strategic signals, using five steps: requesting, granting, curating, coding and decoding references. While the existing literature on business marketing portrays reference management as a routine and operational management practice, this investigation conceptualizes reference management, in particular COR, as a strategic activity.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use SNA to represent B2B references in the form of COR as a network, which overlaps with (but is not entirely identical to) the business network. Further, the study re-conceptualizes reference management as a strategic signaling activity that leverages the firm’s participation in business networks to build structural social capital by borrowing attractiveness of prestigious business partners that leverages existing structural social capital. Finally, the paper coins and conceptualizes COR as an exemplar of referencing management and offers propositions for further research.
An integrated model to explain online review helpfulness in hospitality
Authors: Moro Sérgio , Esmerado Joaquim 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to propose a model to explain online review helpfulness grounded on both previously identified constructs (e.g. review length) and new ones, which have been analyzed in other online reviews’ contexts but not to explain helpfulness.Design/methodology/approachA total of 112,856 reviews published in TripAdvisor about 21 Las Vegas hotels were collected and a random forest model was trained to assess if a review has received a helpful vote or not.FindingsAfter confirming the validity of the proposed model, each of the constructs was evaluated to assess its contribution to explaining helpfulness. Specifically, a newly proposed construct, the response lag of the manager’s replies to reviews, was among the most relevant constructs.Originality/valueThe achieved results suggest that hoteliers should invest not only in responding to the most interesting reviews from the hotel’s perspective but also that they should do it quickly to increase the likeliness of the review being considered helpful to others.
Customized reputation generation of entities using sentiment analysis
Authors: Gupta Arpita , Priyani Saloni , Balakrishnan Ramadoss 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
In this study, the authors have used the customer reviews of books and movies in natural language for the purpose of sentiment analysis and reputation generation on the reviews. Most of the existing work has performed sentiment analysis and reputation generation on the reviews by using single classification models and considered other attributes for reputation generation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have taken review, helpfulness and rating into consideration. In this paper, the authors have performed sentiment analysis for extracting the probability of the review belonging to a class, which is further used for generating the sentiment score and reputation of the review. The authors have used pre-trained BERT fine-tuned for sentiment analysis on movie and book reviews separately.

Findings
In this study, the authors have also combined the three models (BERT, Naïve Bayes and SVM) for more accurate sentiment classification and reputation generation, which has outperformed the best BERT model in this study. They have achieved the best accuracy of 91.2% for the movie review data set and 89.4% for the book review data set which is better than the existing state-of-art methods. They have used the transfer learning concept in deep learning where you take knowledge gained from one problem and apply it to a similar problem.

Originality/value
The authors have proposed a novel model based on combination of three classification models, which has outperformed the existing state-of-art methods. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no existing model which combines three models for sentiment score calculation and reputation generation for the book review data set.
From ‘Judicial Mind’ to ‘Democratic Soul’: Law and Politics on the Bureaucratic Frontline
Authors: O'Brien Nick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article considers the relationship between law and democratic politics as manifest in the practice of ‘street‐level bureaucracy’. By glancing back to debates about citizenship and public administration between the two world wars, it sets contemporary concerns about the political constitution in broader context. In doing so, it discloses a fundamental division between conceptions of the state derived from Roman jurisprudence on the one hand, and ancient Athenian political practice on the other. It finds in the tragic dilemmas posed for street‐level bureaucrats—by the competing claims on their values—a test of individual moral agency and of democracy as the management of diversity. It concludes that what is at stake in our estimation of street‐level bureaucracy is not so much the purity of the ‘judicial mind’ as the complexity of the ‘democratic soul’ and the ‘connected society’.
Arylalkalamine N‐acetyltransferase‐1 functions on cuticle pigmentation in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Miao‐Zhen , Chen Zhao‐Hui , Tang Yu , Liao Cheng‐Hong , Han Qian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (aaNAT) catalyzes the acetylation of dopamine, 5‐hydroxy‐tryptamine, tryptamine, octopamine, norepinephrine and other arylalkylamines to form respective N‐acetyl‐arylalkylamines. Depending on the products formed, aaNATs are involved in a variety of physiological functions. In the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a number of aaNATs and aaNAT‐like proteins have been reported. However, the primary function of each individual aaNAT is yet to be identified. In this study we investigated the function of Ae. aegypti aaNAT1 (Ae‐aaNAT1) in cuticle pigmentation and development of morphology. Ae‐aaNAT1 transcripts were detected at all stages of development with highest expressions after pupation and right before adult eclosion. Ae‐aaNAT1 mutant mosquitoes generated using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 had no obvious effect on larval and pupal development. However, the mutant mosquitoes exhibited a roughened exoskeletal surface, darker cuticles, and color pattern changes suggesting that Ae‐aaNAT1 plays a role in development of the morphology and pigmentation of Ae. aegypti adult cuticles. The mutant also showed less blood feeding efficiency and lower fecundity when compared with the wild‐type. The mutation of Ae‐aaNAT1 influenced expression of genes involved in cuticle formation. In summary, Ae‐aaNAT1 mainly functions on cuticular pigmentation and also affects blood feeding efficiency and fecundity.