bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEP PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT FAZLURRAHMAN
Authors: Saihu Saihu 
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini membahas tentang konsep pembaharuan pendidikan Islam menurut Fazlurrahman. Tulisan berfokus pada penelusuran pendekatan-pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh Fazlurrahman dalam memodernkan model pendidikan Islam sehingga relevan dengan situasi dan kondisi dimana model pendidikan itu diejewantahkan. Sumber data dalam tulisan ini diperoleh adalah melalui kajian pustaka buku-buku yang ditulis oleh Fazlurrahman dan undang-undang pendidikan atau undang-udang yang terkait dengan masalah pendidikan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berupa penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (library research). Hasil dari tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa konsep pembaharuan pendidikan islam menurut Fazlurrahman, melibatkan 3 (tiga) pendekatan, yaitu: 1) Mengislamkan pendidikan sekuler modern; 2) Menyederhanakan silabus-silabus dalam rangka pendidikan tradisional; 3) Menggabungkan cabang-cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Melalui tiga pendekatan ini, fazlurrahman berargumen bahwa pendidikan Islam akan semakin berkembangan dan individu-individu (Muslim) dapat terhidar dari (split personality) atau pribadi-pribadi yang terpecah-pecah.
EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN NASIONAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Nisumanti Sartika , Krisna Evina 
Published: September 2020

The roads transportation is an important infrastructure as one of the land transportation infrastructures forÂ the movement ofÂ social activities and to support economic development, specifically in Palembang City. The population growth of Palembang City has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles and highway users. As a result, transportation activities in Palembang, especially atÂ ParameswaraÂ roads are increasing. The impact of this, there will be heavy traffic volume, resulting in conflicts on the road, which lead to traffic accidents. Therefore, there will be congestion and a decrease in the performance of the road speed.The research is conducted at Parameswara Road in Palembang that visually diminished the ability to accommodate the road traffic volume per day, accordingly the effect of traffic that occurs due to the lack of road capacity as the sequence of large volume traffic. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity and level of road services to carried out the performance value on this road. The method used in the analysis is the Greenshield model, Greenberg, and Underwood. This study explains the maximum volume at peak hour that develop on Monday is between 1561 smp/hour and 1549 smp/hour. Whereas the lowest is around 1225 smp/hour and 1008 smp/hour that occurs on Sunday. Therefore, the analysis of service level on the research years at Parameswara Road depicts the saturated traffic conditions and low starting speed with D service index category and service level analysis at 10 years of planning time projections, the lpda result is from 2022 to 2026, The Parameswara road conditions at E and F service index categories are the traffic jam circumstances and slight speed. Hence, it necessitates constructing a non-plot way at Parameswara Road intersection to tackle this traffic congestion.Keywords: Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood, Road Capacity.
Sistem Pakar dalam Mengidentifikasi Tingkat Keparahan Penyakit pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter
Authors: Cahaya Khairani Yunita , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi 
Published: September 2020

Kelapa sawit termasuk ke dalam salah satu tumbuhan industri yang menghasilkan minyak (baik minyak masak maupun sebagai bahan bakar), sabun dan lilin. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kelapa sawit adalah adanya penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit tersebut. Dalam membantu mengidentifikasi dan memberikan informasi tentang penyakit kelapa sawit, maka dibuat sebuah Sistem Pakar untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit beserta penanganannya. Data yang diolah dalam penelitian ini merupakan pengetahuan mengenai gejala-gelaja penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit yang bersumber dari seorang pakar. Data gejala tersebut diolah menggunakan Sistem Pakar yang telah dirancang dan dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP Framework Codeigniter dan MySQL sebagai databasenya. Sistem ini berhasil dibangun untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat keparahan penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit dan menghasilkan keakuratan sebesar 100%. Sistem ini telah dapat memberikan informasi kepada para petani mengenai penyakit tanaman kelapa sawit berserta solusi penanggulangannya. Penelitian ini sangat cocok diterapkan dalam mengidentifikasi penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit, sehingga penelitian ini tepat digunakan oleh petani kelapa sawit.
Penurunan Bilangan Peroksida Dan Asam Lemak Bebas Pada Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Serbuk Mahkota Dewa
Authors: Susanto Mutiara Putri Utami , Kencanawati Kenny , Septiani Dwi Tia , Nurahayu Sani 
Published: September 2020

The study used mahkota dewa as adsorben to decrease of the peroxide number and free fatty acids on the used cooking oil with immersion variations for 2 days dan 3 days and also concentration variations of mahkota dewa 5 % w/v, 10 % w/v, and 20 % w/v. The results of the peroxide analysis test still exceed the required number of SNI namely 10 meq O2/kg and the results of the free fatty acid analysis test in the sample with immersion and stirring time for 2 days and 3 days the concentration of mahkota dewa 20 % w/v has met the SNI, which is 1.04 % and 0.91%.
Application of air curtains in road tunnels ventilated during fire
Authors: Колчев Борис Борисович , Ильминский Игорь Иванович , Чернышов Павел Алексеевич , Исавнина Ксения Дмитриевна , Диас Вальдес Луис Хавьер 
Published: September 2020

Одной из основных инженерных систем в протяженных автодорожных тоннелях является система вентиляции. От эффективности работы этой системы при пожаре напрямую зависит безопасность людей, находящихся в тоннеле. Постоянный поиск оптимального, как по уровню обеспечения требуемой безопасности, так и экономически обоснованного решения, занимает умы инженеров во всех странах на протяжении многих лет. На анализе одного из таких решений остановимся в данной статье.
The article analyzes the technical solution for smoke protection implemented in a 10-kilometer two-tier road tunnel in France, connecting the Rueil-Malmaison commune and the Velizi-Villacouble commune in the Ile-de-France region as part of the A86 ring highway. A fundamentally new approach to arrangement of smoke protection of road tunnels ventilated during fire is described. This approach is based on the use of nozzle devices of air curtains that provide tunnel sectioning in order to limit the spread of hazardous fire factors along the length of tunnel. The analysis of the air curtain performance under various operation modes of smoke ventilation, implemented on the longitudinal as well as longitudinal-transverse schemes, was obtained based on the results of aerodynamic investigations using the Fluent software package. There is proposed the alternative to use air curtains instead of traditional sectioning with deluge curtains to protect road tunnels located in climatic regions with low temperatures in the cold season, as well as in tunnels that have problems with the organization of fire water supply. The article notes that the implemented technical solution is indirectly correlated with technical solutions existing in the Russian Federation and established in SP 7.13130.2013 “Heating, ventilation and conditioning. Fire safety requirements” to protect evacuation crossings between the transport zones of road tunnels.
Study of object image contrast and range of vision in smoke conditions
Authors: Кицак Анатолий Ильич 
Published: September 2020

Представлены результаты исследования зависимостей контраста изображений тестового объекта от оптической плотности различных типов аэрозолей дыма при поляризационной фильтрации излучения подсветки объекта, рассеянного частицами аэрозоля в направлении назад, и в отсутствие фильтрации. Установлено, что формирование изображения объекта с применением метода поляризационной фильтрации излучения помехи обратного рассеяния (ПОР) позволяет снизить скорость уменьшения контраста изображения с увеличением оптической плотности дыма в сравнении с регистрацией изображения без фильтрации ПОР. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке оптических принадлежностей пожарного-спасателя для наблюдения объектов в неблагоприятных условиях видения: при задымлении, парообразовании, тумане.
The relevance of the work is due to the need to develop effective and affordable for mass use technical means of equipping for a firefighter-rescuer, improving the conditions of his work in a smoke-filled environment in a fire. The aim of the work was to study the contrast of the image of a flat black-and-white object with a sharp border of the black-and-white transition formed through various types of smoke aerosols during polarizing filtration of the illumination radiation of the object scattered by aerosol particles in the “back” direction, and in the absence of filtration. The results of the research are presented in the form of dependencies of the object image contrast on the optical density of the smoke aerosol in two image registration schemes, when the receiving optical system is located near the object illumination source at a distance of ~150 mm and when it is located at a distance of ~800 mm from the object illumination source. It is established that the method of forming the image of the object using polarization filtering of radiation backscattering (RBS) reduces the rate of image contrast reduction with an increase in optical smoke density compared with image registration without filtering RBS. The results obtained can be used in the development of optical accessories for firefighter-rescuer to improve the conditions of object observation in adverse conditions of vision: smoke, vaporization, fog.
Long-term Period Changes and Brightness Variations for the Deeply Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable SW Sex
Authors: Fang Xiaohui , Qian Shengbang , Han Zhongtao , Wang Qishan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SW Sex is a deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable with an orbital period of 0.1349 days. Based on the new photometric observations together with the data collected in the literature, we find that the orbital period shows a period wiggle from 1980 to 2015, and then decreases severely until 2020, when our observations end. If the oscillation with an amplitude of 0.000973 days and a period of 36.57 yr is due to the presence of a third body, the mass of this component can be determined as M
3sini′ = 0.014 M
⊙. Supposing the companion and the central binary are coplanar, its mass would correspond to a giant planet. However, Applegate‘s mechanism can also provide enough energy to force such variation and more data will distinguish the reason. The rapid decline of the orbital period at a rate of −4.24 × 10−10 s s−1 in 2015–2020 cannot be attributed to magnetic braking. Also, Applegate‘s mechanism fails to produce such a fast decrease. It can be explained as the angular momentum loss caused by a strong disk wind, which declares its existence by synchronizing the period decrease with the brightness increase. In addition, the long-term brightness oscillation with an amplitude of 0.6 mag and a timescale of about 9.7 yr is discovered. This is the first it has been detected for nova-like cataclysmic variables (CVs). It will provide valuable information for understanding the disk activity and the evolution of the CVs.
Les régions en France
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François 
Published: September 2020

En France, après l’effacement des provinces au temps d’une royauté devenue absolue, l’importance du fait régional a mis du temps à émerger pour enfin se concrétiser avec la régionalisation de 1982. Depuis, de nombreux textes législatifs ont modifié les compétences des régions et la façon dont elles peuvent les exercer. En outre, une diminution drastique de leur nombre en France métropolitaine a été mise en œuvre depuis 2016. Dans ce contexte, cette analyse se concentre sur trois questions : comment la France a-t-elle fini par entreprendre une régionalisation ? Comment considérer la cartographie des régions en France par rapport aux autres démocraties européennes ? Les compétences dont disposent les régions leurs donnent-elles de larges possibilités d’action ou, au contraire, faut-il noter un contraste entre leur vaste périmètre géographique et leur importance politique ?
Africans and Immigrants: Haitian Contributions to the African Protestant Movement in Early America
Authors: Johnson Ronald Angelo 
Published: September 2020

Cet article retrace l’histoire de l’Église protestante africaine américaine dans la Jeune République américaine, par le biais de l’analyse de la participation des immigrants haïtiens dans la vie religieuse noire de Savannah et de Philadelphie. Il examine les parcours d’immigrants haïtiens qui s’investirent dans les Églises noires jusqu’à y atteindre des positions importantes, ainsi que la façon dont ils ont fait leur la théologie émanant des expériences vécues par les Noirs américains libres et asservis, et ont adopté une identité commune « africaine » au sein d’une société américaine racialisée. Ce faisant, l’article invite à prendre davantage en considération le rôle et l’engagement des émigrés de couleur originaires de Saint-Domingue dont l’installation durable aux États-Unis a permis à leurs descendants de s’imposer comme des personnalités éminentes dans les domaines de l’éducation, de la musique et de la politique africaines américaines.
“Look Well Before You Leap”: African Americans and the Debate over Emigration to Trinidad in the Urban North 1839-1841
Authors: Power-Greene Ousmane 
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse le débat sur l’émigration à destination de Trinidad qui agita la communauté noire américaine libre dans les États du Nord entre 1839 et 1841. Il s’intègre dans le large éventail de travaux universitaires qui s’intéressent à la circulation des biens, des idées et des personnes dans le monde atlantique au cours du xixe siècle. Il examine en particulier dans quelle mesure les changements politiques et économiques à Trinidad poussèrent les Noirs Américains à envisager un nouveau départ dans les Antilles britanniques après que l’esclavage y fut aboli et à quel point les débats entre les dirigeants de la communauté africaine américaine et les abolitionnistes à propos de l’émigration vers les îles des Caraïbes furent influencés par le projet de colonisation libérien promu par l’American Colonization Society.
Training Load and Injury Among Middle School–Aged Athletes
Authors: Albrecht Joseph , Biese Kevin M. , Bell David R. , Schaefer Daniel A. , Watson Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

Context
Young athletes are encouraged to participate in high-intensity sport programs. However, most research on the association between training volume (TV) and injury has been performed on adult or professional athletes.

Objective
To evaluate the association between acute and chronic TV (hours/week) and reported injury (yes/no) and evaluate the relationship between acute : chronic TV and injury while controlling for sex, age, and prior injury in young athletes.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Online surveys.

Patients or Other Participants
Middle school-aged adolescents.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We conducted a baseline survey at the start of the 2017–2018 academic year. The baseline survey solicited information regarding demographics, injury history, and primary sport. Subsequent surveys were delivered electronically at the start of each week. Information obtained with the weekly survey included weekly TV and injuries sustained the previous week. Injuries were reported and classified (eg, acute or gradual onset) by the participants. Weekly TV was aggregated as rolling averages over the prior 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Acute:chronic TV was calculated for each participant for every week as the prior week TV divided by the TV during the prior 2 (1 : 2), 3 (1 : 3), and 4 (1 : 4) weeks of the study period.

Results
A total of 244 recruits participated. Higher average TV over the prior 4 weeks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93, 1.00; P = .05) was associated with fewer reported injuries. Additionally, higher average TV over the prior 2 (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93, 0.99; P = .04), 3 (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91, 0.99; P = .02), and 4 (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91, 0.99; P = .05) weeks was associated with fewer reported acute injuries the following week. Acute:chronic TV and any injury type were not related.

Conclusions
Consistent, higher levels of physical activity may offer protection against acute injury in young athletes.
Título en español.
Authors: George Samuels  , Pablo Landrau, Jr.  
Published: September 2020

Filter-press cake may be used advantageously as a fertilizer material if adequate attention is paid to its limitations and full use is made of its particular advantages. Its main disadvantages are its low K2O content and large bulk combined with low concentrations of nutrients. Its main advantages are its cheapness, slower release of nutrients, minor-element content, high water-holding capacity, high exchange capacity, and mulching properties. The following recommendations are made for its use on crops: 1. Apply yearly in small amounts rather than in very large applications once in 3 to 4 years. 2. Use more on light-textured soils, than on heavy clays. 3. Use carefully on very poorly drained soils, not applying the filter-press cake too deeply in the soil, which prevents proper decomposition. 4. Large applications must undergo thorough incorporation into the plowed layer. Surface application and incorporation with the upper inch or two of soil is better for small applications. For root crops, application in the hole below the seed makes better use of minimum quantities. 5. Filter-press cake should be applied to fast-growing crops such as vegetables and tobacco a few weeks before planting, especially if the filter-press cake is not well rotted. 6. Filter-press cake should be supplemented with potash fertilizer when used for crops or soils with high potash demands, about 30 pounds of KCl for every ton of fresh filter-press cake containing 60 percent of moisture. 7. The maximum yearly recommendations in tons per acre for specific crops are: Sugarcane 10, pineapple 30, root crops 20, ornamentals 10 to 20, coffee 20, tobacco 10, vegetables 10, and plantains 10.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE THE FIRST LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAN EFL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Nuraida Ida 
Published: September 2020

Despite widespread use only English in Teaching EFL, the use of first language in EFL class has been a perennial topic of discussion in the field of language education. Most established L2 teaching methods discourage the use of L1 in class. This research attempt to explore the use of first language in Indonesian in the EFL Classroom as well as lecturer and students response toward it. The presents study aimed to find out how the lecturer view first language in language classrooms. This research use experimental methods and to take the sample is use random sampling, The objective of the research includes2 Indonesian EFL Lecturer and 48Indonesian EFL students at first semester of teacher training education faculty in Banten Jaya University. The process to gate the data through the interview and questionnaires. The research finding had good result, indicated that English language give the positive response for the students. The resultalso emphasizing to the comprehension the meaning of English language
AN ANALYSIS OF TEST TAKER’S ERROR ON STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION OF TOEFL TEST AT JLC (JIMS LANGUAGE COURSE)
Authors: Qonaatun Aa 
Published: September 2020

The objective of the research are to find out “Which area do the test takers make error in Structure and Written Expression of the TOEFL Test”, and to find out “The describing of the test takers’ error of TOEFL test at JLC”, the writer conducted the research at JIMS Language Course. The populations of this research is TOEFL test takers at JLC, which consist of 30 participants from population grand total, the methodology used by the writer is content analysis and descriptive qualitative, which will find out about which area do the test takers make error in structure and written expression of the TOEFL test and to find out the describing of the test takers’ error of TOEFL test at JLC. The data is collected by analyzes the error of participants’ test. The test is structure and written expression, the data is analyzed by using the table of relative frequency. The result shows that the TOEFL test-takers at JLC still have poor ability in structure and written expression or could be said that the result of the research is poor. The Instructor explains structure and written expression clearly and then gave them a lot of exercise to make them understand.
THE ROLE OF SOCIODRAMA IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS
Authors: Nehe Berita Mambarasi 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to improve the process of students’ speaking skill through sociodrama method on students of English Department of STKIP SetiaBudhiRangkasbitung in Banten region. The participants include 33 students in the third semester. This study uses qualitative descriptive to draw the phenomenon in the classroom when sociodrama applied. Class activity, learning material, class structure in applying sociodrama, student’ perception, sociodrama value, and sociodrama tasks are described to understand the class applied by sociodrama. From the research result, it can be concluded that learning by using sociodrama based task is an effective way and provide students to produce language frequently with the groups and grow student’ motivation well.
ENGLISH LEXICAL LOANWORDS IN INDONESIAN: EXPLORING IN TOURISM MAGAZINE
Authors: Rohbiah Tatu Siti 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to know English lexical loanwords into Indonesian languages in tourism magazine. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method where she describes the corpus of English lexical loanwords into Indonesian languages in tourism magazine, suc as 9 loanwords from three tourism magazines of English lexical such as Intisari, Tamasya and Jalan-Jalan. The loanword of English lexical is not entirely derived from English itself but from French, Dutch, Latin and others. In tourism magazines use the loanword of English because of prestige. The English loanword made in Indonesian has more prestige.
Spectacle wear and factors associated with non-compliance among children of 5-15 years
Authors: Mehnaz Saira , Siddiqui Ziya , Abedi Ali Jafar , Ansari Mohammad Athar 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Refractive errors are the commonest cause of visual impairment in school children worldwide. They are correctible and after screening, spectacles can easily enhance vision. This can be achieved only when spectacles are used regularly. Objective: This study was conducted to study the compliance of spectacles wear among children and to determine the reasons associated with non-compliance. Methodology: 400 children in the age group of 5-15 years with refractive errors attending the eye OPD, using spectacles for more than three months were included. Spectacle wear and reasons of noncompliance were enquired. Data was analyzed to determine the factors associated with spectacle wear compliance. Results: Among 232 boys and 168 girls 142 were from rural and 258 from urban areas. 244(61%) children were compliant. Compliance was better in older children and those from urban areas. Children of educated parents and with power more than -1.0 D were more likely to be compliant. Main reason for not wearing spectacles was ‘lost or broken spectacles’ and dislike for spectacle. Conclusion: Counselling of parents, teachers and peers will be an effective step towards improvement of compliance of spectacles use.