bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of the Screening Scale on the Aspiration Risk of Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Shao Xiaoping , Yan Yiling , Wu PeiWen , Li Yangyang , Qi Qian , Ye Xianghong , Gao Lan , Huang Haiyan , HU Sanlian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose

To establish a set of screening scale on the aspiration risk applicable to patients receiving enteral nutrition, determine the threshold of the scale and evaluate the scale’s reliability-validity.
Methods

Firstly, the screening scale on the aspiration risk of patients receiving enteral nutrition was mainly formed through literature search, expert brainstorming and consultation. And then a retrospective analysis was undertaken by investigating 484 patients in the intensive care unit of 19 tertiary hospitals around China from May 2019 to June 2019. Reliability-validity test on the screening scale concerning the potential aspiration risk among the vulnerable patients was performed. The items in the scale were assigned with scores through expert evaluation method. At last ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnosis threshold of such scale.
Results

A screening scale on the aspiration risk of patients receiving enteral nutrition was established, including general conditions of patients, primary disease and the accompanying symptoms, treatment strategies, and et al. The Cronbach's a coefficient, interrater reliability, content validity index interval, and the content validity index of such scale were 0.922, 0.920, 0.812-1.000 and 0.944 respectively. All the items in the scale were presented in the form of scores with a total of 12 points. The ultimate diagnosis threshold, sensitivity and specificity were 8 points, 0.800 and 0.627 respectively.
Conclusion

The screening scale on the aspiration risk of patients receiving enteral nutrition was shown to provided precise evaluation of the potential aspiration risk of such patients with compelling sensitivity and specificity, which deserved more clinical studies to confirm its value in other patient populations in the future.
Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Midwives Working in Health Centers of Central Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Meselu Belsity Temesgen , Wondie Asmare Talie , Shedie Tigist Adeb , Tibebu Melaku Admas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Job satisfaction depends on the interactions of employee’s personal characteristics, values and expectations with the work environment and the organization. Low job satisfaction among midwives is supposed to be a problem to achieve organizational goals. Due to this reason, it is a must to determine their level of satisfaction and the contributing factors. The objective is to assess job satisfaction and associated factors among midwives working in Health Centers of Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019Method: - An institution-based cross sectional study was conducted on March 2019 at Central Zone of Tigray among 140 midwives selected using simple random sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to job satisfaction. Variables which have p-value less than or equal to 0.05 with corresponding AOR at 95 confidence interval was considered to declare the significance association.Result: This study revealed that job satisfaction of health professional working Central Zone of Tigray was 43.57%. Of which respondents’ 92 (65.7%) were females and 128(91.4%) were Orthodox region followers. Majority of the respondents 85(60.7%) were under the age of 30 and almost half 69(49.3%) of the respondents were married. Motivation, management system, and work were identified as significant factors associated with midwives’ job satisfaction level. Regarding motivation, the probability of being satisfied among midwives not motivated to do their job, were 76% times less likely compared to their counterpart, whereas the management system, the probability of not satisfied with the management system were 79.2% times less likely satisfied than who were satisfied with the management system. Work satisfaction, the probability of not satisfied with their work was 91.6% times less likely satisfied than those who were satisfied with their work. Conclusion: Job satisfaction of midwives in central zone health centers was found to be low. Motivation, management system, and work were identified as significant factors associated with midwives’ job satisfaction level.
Pandemics and Oil Shocks
Authors: Mohammed Mikidadu , Barrales-Ruiz Jose A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At the onset of coronavirus in January 2020, crude oil price was around $51.63 per barrel. But the subsequent spread of the virus across countries all over the world adversely impacted the day-to-day functioning of major industries, corporations, and economies. This adverse impact was amplified by the lockdown measures by governments who were justifiably concerned about the potential devastating effect of the pandemic. As the outbreak intensified, so did oil prices plunge into historic lows (at some point, negative). Is the precipitous drop in oil prices due to the COVID-19 pandemic or are there potentially other factors at play? In this paper, we investigate this question using a pentavariate structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. Specifically, we identify an exogenous oil price shock arising from the pandemic together with the traditional underlying supply, demand, and financial market shocks to global crude oil markets. We find that a pandemic shock causes a delayed adverse effect on oil prices. In addition, our findings lend support to the view that changes in financial market conditions that affect financial investment decisions also play a significant role in oil price movements. There is however no evidence of a strong impact emanating from the brief Russia-Saudi price war. We also compute the forecast error variance decomposition and find that the impact of a pandemic shock together with aggregate demand and financial market shocks are not trivial in the short run. Taken together, the findings underscore the fruitfulness of research aimed at better understanding the effects of a pandemic shock on oil price movements and highlight the need for policymakers and market stakeholders to explicitly consider global health conditions when analyzing the causes and consequences of oil price shocks.
Parental History of Trauma and Resilience during COVID-19
Authors: LaBrenz Catherine , Baiden Philip , Findley Erin , Tennant Patrick S. , Chakravarty Sreyashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since March 2020, families across the U.S. have faced challenges due to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and its subsequent restrictions. Prior literature has linked family stress to negative outcomes, such as parent and child mental health, increased risk of child maltreatment, and overall well-being, as well as protective factors that may help families navigate and respond to stressors. Furthermore, parental history of trauma, such as exposure to adversity in one’s own childhood, has been linked to stress and resilience. Although some experts have voiced concern over the impact of COVID-19 on family well-being, few studies have been conducted thus far. This study utilized N = 523 responses from an online survey that was administered between May and June 2020 to gauge family stress and resilience among parents of children ages zero-to-five during the pandemic. There was a negative relationship between ACE score and parental resilience among this sample. Furthermore, frequency of childcare was positively linked to protective factors and resilience, while childcare barriers were negatively linked to resilience. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed, with a particular focus on the role of childcare and school openings during the pandemic.
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Evaluate the Role of Air Purification in Reducing Fallow Time in Dentistry&nbsp;
Authors: Raghava Neha , Vidovic Bojan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AbstractIn dentistry, fallow time is a period which allows for airborne pathogens to settle out of the air and mitigate the risk of airborne infection transmission to dental professionals and staff. The current recommendation is a one hour period.Aims and Objectives We aim to show that air purification devices are an undervalued adjunctive measure to mitigate the risk of airborne transmission of pathogens, and so reduce fallow time.Methods Using a computational fluid dynamics software, we created a virtual dental surgery, and simulated a ten-minute aerosol generating procedure. We then modelled air flow in the room with no ventilation, and then the same room with an air purifier at a throughput of 430m3 h-1, and subsequently the room with one open window providing 6 ACH and no purifier. The particles released were monitored and their behaviour and airborne time measured and collated.Results and conclusions The room with no ventilation had a total particle number at 600s of 4.5million, which required 8400s to reduce by 99%. With an open window providing 6 ACH, we obtained a value of 2500s for a 99% reduction in airborne particles, and a similar peak particle volume. Conversely, when using an air purifier throughout the procedure, the peak particle number was ten times lower than the peak number without ventilation, or with an open window, and after the particle injection 99% airborne particle reduction was achieved 60s. Our findings suggest that the use of an air purifier greatly reduces the total particle volume in the air during the aerosol generating procedure, and the fallow period needed. The values found with 6 ACH and an open window are corroborated in other literature. The use of air purification could greatly reduce the risk of infection transmission in a dental surgery.
Nephroprotective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Therapy of Kidney Disease Induced by Toxicant
Authors: Lin Shujun , Lin Wenshan , Liao Chunling , Zhou Tianbiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal damage caused by drug toxicity is becoming more and more common in clinic. How to avoid and treat kidney damage caused by drug toxicity is essential to maintain patient health and reduce social economic burden. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the nephroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in therapy of kidney disease induced by toxicant. Methods: Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched up to Dec 31, 2019 to identify the studies and extract the data to assess the efficacy of MSCs for kidney disease induced by toxicant using Cochrane Review Manager Version 5.3. 27 studies were eligible and recruited for this meta-analysis. Results: The results showed that the difference of Scr between MSCs treatment group and control group was notable for 2 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6-8 days, 10-15 days, ≥42 days (2 days: WMD =-0.88, 95%CI: -1.34, -0.42, P=0.0002; 4 days: WMD=-0.69, 95%CI: -0.99, -0.39, P<0.00001; 5 days: WMD=-0.46, 95%CI: -0.67, -0.25, P<0.0001; 6-8 days: WMD=-0.51, 95%CI: -0.79, -0.22, P=0.0005; 10-15 days: WMD =-0.38, 95%CI: -0.56, -0.20, P<0.0001; ≥42 days: WMD =-0.22, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.06, P=0.007). Furthermore, the difference of BUN between MSCs treatment group and control group was notable for 2-3 days, 4-5 days, 6-8 days, ≥28 days. The results also indicated that MSCs treatment can alleviate the inflammatory cells, necrotic tubule, regenerative tubules, renal interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease induced by toxicant. Conclusion: MSCs might be a promising therapeutic agent for kidney disease induced by toxicant.
Molecular Biomarkers of Anti-TNF Response in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yoosuf Niyaz , Maciejewski Mateusz , Ziemek Daniel , Jelinsky Scott , Folkersen Lasse , Müller Malin , Sahlström Peter , Vivar Nancy , Catrina Anca , Berg Louise , Klareskog Lars , Padyukov Leonid , Brynedal Boel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAdvances in immunotherapy by blocking TNF have remarkably improved treatment outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Although treatment specifically targets TNF-α, the downstream mechanisms of immune suppression are not completely understood, and the reason for the reduced efficacy in a significant fraction of patients remains unclear. Hence this study was designed to detect biomarkers and expression signatures of response to TNF inhibition.MethodsIn this study, we included 39 female patients diagnosed with RA who were non-responders to methotrexate treatment. The blood samples were collected before anti-TNF treatment initiation, and three months into treatment. The clinical evaluations were performed based on European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and classified 23 patients as responders and 16 as non-responders after three months following the initiation of anti-TNF treatment. We investigated differences in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the proportion of cell types and cell phenotypes in peripheral blood using flow cytometry, the level of proteins in serum, as well as clinical and demographic factors.ResultsWe performed analyses to identify differences between responders and non-responders at both time points (before and after treatment initiation) as well as to detect the changes induced during the treatment using transcriptomics, flow cytometry and proteomics data. The gene expression analysis before treatment revealed notably a higher expression of EPPK1 and BCL6-AS1 in future responders. We further detected suppression of genes and proteins during treatment, most notably a suppression of expression of the gene, T-cell inhibitor CHI3L1 and its protein YKL-40 measured from flow cytometry. We identified an increase in the proportion of T- and B cells, whereas the proportion of granulocytes was suppressed during treatment in responders. Finally, our machine learning models mainly based on transcriptomics data showed high predictive utility (ROC AUC ± SEM: 0.81 ± 0.17) in classifying response before anti-TNF treatment initiation.ConclusionsOur comprehensive analyses resulted in several useful insights regarding the transcriptional and translational regulations of anti-TNF treatment in RA patients. The study reports first transcriptomics analysis using RNA sequencing of isolated PBMCs from anti-TNF naïve and anti-TNF treated RA patients to study biomarkers and predict anti-TNF response.
Dynamic characteristics of Influenza A epidemic&nbsp;in children during the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Wang Xia , Liu Pin , Feng Shuwen , Zhen Junwen , Wu Yan , Pan Zhenyu , Zhao Dongchi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: At the beginning of the outbreak of coronavirus infected disease 2019 (COVID-19), children in Wuhan were experiencing an extremely strong influenza A epidemic. This study is aimed to explore the epidemic dynamics characteristics of children with influenza A and its correlation with the early stage spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan.Methods: This is a retrospective single-center clinical study.From November 28, 2019 to January 23, 2020, a total of 7904 outpatient children with signs of respiratory tract infection were admitted, and a total of 10102 throat swabs were collected. All the detection were performed to the throat swabs of patients, which include the epidemic statues, detection rate, duration of Flu A and B persistence in airway, and the positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid.Results: A total of 10102 throat swabs were obtained from children with respiratory symptoms, including 5450 (53.9%) male and 4652 (46.1%) female. 2899 (28.7%) cases were positive for Influenza A. There were 617 (6.1% ) cases of Influenza B . In group of Influenza A , the lowest positive rate was in the infants less than 1 year old (18.4%), and the highest in the group 12 year old (32.1%). During the period of high prevalence of influenza A, there was a low level of infection of influenza B. The detection rate of each age group fluctuated from 3% to 10%. 73.7% of children's influenza A and B virus turned negative within 7 days, and very few children's respiratory influenza virus can last even more than 1 month. Among 35 throat swabs detected with qRT-PCR, 11 (31.4%) were positive for Flu A, and all children were negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Conclusions: In the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, children in Wuhan were experiencing a high intensity of influenza A pandemic, and there was no the mixed infection of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza A. COVID-19 spread caught up the tail of influenza A pandemic.
Sociodemographic Determinants of Adolescent Childbirths in Ghana: Results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Dankwah Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ghana.Methods: This research studied reproductive-aged women who were systematically sampled in Ghana. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression with shared frailty were fitted on a nationwide population-based data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) to predict adolescent childbirth.Results: The analysis revealed that approximately 49% initiated childbirth during adolescence. This study found higher adolescent childbirth rates among women who were not working (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) =1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 to 1.29) and resided in rural areas (AHR =1.22; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.37). In addition, poor women (AHR= 1.71; 95% CI = 1.49 to 1.95) and middle-class women (AHR=1.67; 95% CI = 1.48 to 1.88) had a higher likelihood of having adolescent birth compared to the rich. Lastly, secondary and higher educated women were 0.74 (95% CI= 0.67 to 0.82) and 0.10 (95% CI= 0.06 to 0.16) times less likely to have adolescent birth, respectively.Conclusions: This research revealed that adolescent childbearing was greatly influenced by socioeconomically disadvantaged background within the contexts of the women and the community in which they reside. This finding suggests the need to initiate and improve interventions that seek to reduce poverty among women and to promote and encourage adolescent girls to pursue secondary and higher education to help reduce unintended adolescent childbirths. Finally, adolescent girls should be empowered through counseling and education on reproductive and sexual health options and rights to ensure more informed decision-making about contraception.
Exploration of coliform diversity in drinking water resources by culture-independent approaches
Authors: Shanker A. Shiva , Vootla Praveen Kumar , Pindi Pavan Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coliform group has been widely used as an indicator of water quality and has historically led to a public health protection concept. Presence of pathogens in drinking water may raise several health problems in humans from mild illnesses to serious waterborne diseases. In spite of several measures taken, water quality is always a pertinent issue prevailing in diverse water systems. So far, coliform contamination and diversity could not be adequately explored as traditionally used culture-dependent methods have a limited capacity to characterize microbiota from their respective sources. The study was designed for assessment of microbial diversity by culture-independent approaches placing emphasis on exploring the total coliform diversity in two drinking water reservoirs, Raman Pahad and Koilsagar of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana, India. Principal analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries revealed that Raman Pahad library clones belonged to genus Enterobacter (41.5%), followed by Citrobacter (25.03%), Klebsiella (17.86%), Escherichia (12.20%), and the least being Hafnia (3.39%). The clones in Koilsagar belonged to genus Enterobacter (46.42%) as the most predominant, followed by Citrobacter (32.14%) and Escherichia (21.42%). Comparatively, Enterobacter was observed to be the most predominant (representing 50%) of the total clones in both reservoirs.
Research on treatment and mechanism of salicylhydroxamic acid flotation wastewater by O3-BAF process
Authors: Zhang Liping , Wu Shengnian , Xiang Jun , Jiao Xiaofei , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Salicylhydroxamic acid is an effective and selective collector for tungsten and molybdenum ores. However, the salicylhydroxamic acid flotation wastewater discharge may cause damage to the water environment for the residual processing reagents with poor biodegradability. Combined O3 and biological aerated filter (BAF) has a well-known potential for removing refractory or toxic organic pollutants. Combined process of O3 and BAF (O3-BAF) was applied to treat the simulated wastewater from W-Mo mineral processing in this study. Compared single ozonation to O3-BAF, various influencing factors were discussed like O3 dosage, reaction time, initial pH value, gas–water ratio and organic loading. Meanwhile, degradation mechanism of salicylhydroxamic acid was reduced. Under the optimal experiment conditions as pH value 8, O3 dosage 1.3 mg·L−1, reaction time 15 min, the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/chemical oxygen demand of potassium dichromate (CODCr) value increased to from 0.19 to 0.35. The effluent was pumped to the following BAF process, when the optimal experiment conditions was organic load = 0.82 kgCODCr (m−3·d−1), gas-water ratio = 6:1, CODCr concentration of effluent was 28.92 mg·L−1 and the removal ratio was 86.26%, while the removal ratio could higher to 91.12% for the O3-BAF combined process. The effluent could meet the discharge and reuse emission standards requirements in China. UV-vis absorption spectra and high performance liquid chromatography showed the degradation pathway of salicylhydroxamic acid by ozone oxidation was salicylhydroxamic acid → salicylic acid + hydroxylamine → catechol → maleic → small molecular organic acid → carbon dioxide + water.
Highly effective removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution by magnetic ZnFe2O4/activated carbon composite
Authors: Li Yun-Xia , Wang Lei , Chai Fang-Fang , Jing Hong-Fei , Gao Zhu-Qing , Zhang Qing-Hua , Zhao Xu-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water pollution from antibiotics has attracted a lot of attention for its serious threat to human health. In this study, a magnetic adsorbent (zinc ferrite/activated carbon (ZnFe2O4/AC) was synthesized via microwave method to effectively remove gemifioxacin mesylate (GEM) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX). Based on the porosity of AC and the magnetism of ZnFe2O4, the resulting ZnFe2O4/AC has high adsorption capacities and can be easily separated from the solid–liquid system via a magnetic field. The largest adsorption capacities for GEM and MOX can reach up to 433.4 mg g−1 and 388.8 mg g−1, respectively, higher than those of reported adsorbents such as MIL-101 and MOF-808. Fastest adsorptions of GEM and MOX were found at 5 min, and solution pH and coexisting salts do not have a significant influence on the adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism analysis indicates that electrostatic interaction and H-bond interaction contribute to the effective adsorption.