bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yeast species affects feeding and fitness of Drosophila suzukii adults
Authors: Spitaler Urban , Bianchi Flavia , Eisenstecken Daniela , Castellan Irene , Angeli Sergio , Dordevic Nikola , Robatscher Peter , Vogel Rudi F. , Koschier Elisabeth H. , Schmidt Silvia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYeasts play an important role in the life cycle and biology of the insect pestDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura), commonly known as the spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Adult and larvae of this species are known to feed and benefit from yeast in their diet. In addition, yeasts were found to be attractive to SWD and were repeatedly found to be associated with SWD. Among those,Hanseniaspora uvarumis the most commonly mentioned. The present study explores the chemical composition and the effects of threeH. uvarumstrains and five yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candidasp.,Issatchenkia terricola, Metschnikowia pulcherrimaandSaccharomycopsis vini) in the diet of SWD adults. The different yeast species used in this study influenced mortality, fecundity and ingestion by SWD females.Hanseniaspora uvarumandS. viniwere preferably ingested and increased fecundity of SWD females. The intra- and extracellular concentrations of compounds, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and organic acids, produced or consumed by yeasts differed among the species. Knowledge of the interaction of different yeast species with SWD and specific differences in the profile of compounds of yeast can help to improve the development of control strategies against the insect pest by promoting the ingestion of attract-and-kill formulations based on the combinations of yeasts and an appropriate insecticide.
Bacterial community structure upstream and downstream of cascade dams along the Lancang River in southwestern China
Authors: Luo Xia , Xiang Xinyi , Huang Guoyi , Song Xiaorui , Wang Peijia , Yang Yuanhao , Fu Kaidao , Che Rongxiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtensive construction of dams by humans has caused alterations in flow regimes and concomitant alterations in river ecosystems. Even so, bacterioplankton diversity in large rivers influenced by cascade dams has been largely ignored. In this study, bacterial community diversity and profiles of seven cascade dams along the720 km of the Lancang River were studied using Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Spatiotemporal variations of bacterial communities in sediment and water of the Gongguoqiao hydroelectric dam and factors affecting these variations were also examined. Microbial diversity and richness in surface water increased slightly from upstream toward downstream along the river. A significant positive correlation between spatial distance and dissimilarities in bacterial community structure was confirmed (Mantel test, r = 0.4826, p = 0.001). At the Gongguoqiao hydroelectric dam, temporal differences in water overwhelmed spatial variability in bacterial communities. Temperature, precipitation, and nutrient levels were major drivers of seasonal microbial changes. Most functional groups associated with carbon cycling in sediment samples decreased from winter to summer. Our findings improve our understanding of associations, compositions, and predicted functional profiles of microbial communities in a large riverine ecosystem influenced by multiple cascade dams.
Implementing a Status-Neutral Approach to HIV in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Phanuphak Nittaya , Ramautarsing Reshmie , Chinbunchorn Tanat , Janamnuaysook Rena , Pengnonyang Supabhorn , Termvanich Krittaporn , Chanlearn Pongthorn , Linjongrat Danai , Janyam Surang , Phanuphak Praphan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Globally, “undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U)” and “pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)” have become crucial elements in HIV treatment and prevention programs. We reviewed the implementation of U=U and PrEP among countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

Recent Findings
U=U and PrEP uptakes were limited and slow in the Asia-Pacific. Inadequate knowledge among health care practitioners and pervasive stigma towards individuals living with HIV and their sexual lives are key barriers for the integration of U=U into clinical practice. Paternalistic and hierarchical health care systems are major obstacles in PrEP implementation and scale-up. Countries with the most advanced PrEP implementation all use community-based, nurse-led, and key population-led service delivery models.

Summary
To advance U=U and PrEP in the Asia-Pacific, strategies targeting changes to practice norm through wide-scale stakeholders’ training and education, making use of online health care professional influencers, and utilizing financial mechanism should be further explored through implementation research.
Dysbiosis in intestinal microbiome linked to fecal blood determined by direct hybridization
Authors: Cafiero Concetta , Re Agnese , Pisconti Salvatore , Trombetti Marina , Perri Mariarita , Colosimo Manuela , D’Amato Gerardo , Gallelli Luca , Cannataro Roberto , Molinario Clelia , Fazio Alessia , Caroleo Maria Cristina , Cione Erika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe important physiological and pathophysiological roles of intestinal human microbiome (HMB) in human health have been emerging, owing to the access to molecular biology techniques. Herein we evaluated, for the first time, the intestinal HMB through direct hybridization approach using n-counter flex DX technology which bypasses the amplification procedure currently applied by other technologies to study the human microbiome. To this purpose, a clinical study was carried out on fecal samples, recruiting both healthy volunteers (N-FOB) and subjects positive for occult blood (P-FOB). A relevant custom panel of 79 16S rRNA target gene was engineered and 32 of them displayed a variation between the two clusters of subjects. Our findings revealed that bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria have higher distribution in P-FOB describing dysbiosis. Similarly, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylum display high distribution in P-FOB. Of interest, the presence of Clostridium difficile that belongs to Firmicutes phylum displayed about 70% of low presence in N-FOB compared to P-FOB subjects. Only one bacterium belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum, the Bifidobacterium bifidum, was present.
A Near Infrared Spectroscopy System for Assessing Rehabilitation on Peripheral Arterial Occlusion Patients
Authors: Lu Shao-Hung , Tsai Cheng-Lun , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Chang Po-Hung , Lu Shao-Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
A near-infrared spectroscopy system was developed to evaluate peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The wireless device can take measurements when patients are doing rehabilitation exercise.

Methods
Two LED modules with wavelengths of 740 nm, 808 nm and 850 nm were placed over 32 mm away from the photodiode to detect the deep backscattering from muscle tissue. The absorbance difference from the extent of tissue oxygenation was extracted using a modified Beer’s law. Measurements taken on different muscle groups were applied to determine which branch of artery is occluded.

Results
The changes in oxygenation of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle were recorded when PAOD patients were riding a stationary bicycle. The drop in oxygenation with exercise generally should recover within 15 min of continuing exercise. Otherwise, the artery is not capable to provide enough blood supply to the exercising muscles. Since gastrocnemius is the primary muscle used in biking exercise, the compensatory vasodilation in gastrocnemius leads to hypoperfusion in tibialis anterior muscle.

Conclusion
This NIRS system is helpful for detecting the changes in tissue oxygenation during exercise. Muscle hypoxia was more obvious during exercise when the artery had some degree of occlusion.
Rapid hydrogen generation from cotton wastes by mean of dark fermentation
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł , Konkol Izabela , Shalaby Marwa , Cenian Adam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDark fermentation of textile wastes is discussed in the paper. In the experiment cotton wastes were fermented. Before fermentation the cotton was hydrolyzed using 0.1 M HCl acidic solution. The inoculum was pretreated by means of heat shock for 0.5 h at 105 °C. The fermentation was carried out under mesophilic conditions at a load of 5 g VSS/L, and pH 5. Oxygen was added in small quantities during fermentation. The oxygen flow rates (OFR) were between 0.3 and 1.0 mL/h. The fermentation was carried out for a few days at temperatures between 40 and 43 °C. Hydrogenesis prevailed at the lower temperature (40 °C) and methanogenesis at the higher (43 °C). Conversion of cotton waste to methane (3.4%) was slightly higher than conversion to hydrogen (2.6%). The highest hydrogen production was obtained for OFR 0.8 mL/h and the percentage of hydrogen in biogas was 43%. At higher temperatures (43 °C) no hydrogen production was observed
Grazing by microzooplankton and copepods on the microbial food web in spring in the southern Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Dong Yi , Li Haibo , Lin Shiquan , Huang Lingfeng , Xiao Tian , Gregori Gerald , Zhao Li , Zhang Wuchang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAssessment of microzooplankton and copepods grazing pressure on picoplankton is a key requirement for resolving the microbial food web efficiency. Although microzooplankton grazing on picoplankton has been extensively studied, the impact of microzooplankton on different groups of picoplankton, i.e., heterotrophic bacteria, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes have rarely been compared. Furthermore, in the very few existing studies there is no consistent evidence of an enhancing or restraining effect of copepods on picoplankton. More studies are needed to improve our understanding of the influence of microzooplankton and copepod on picoplankton. Dilution incubations and copepod addition incubations were performed during a cruise to the southern Yellow Sea on May 16–29, 2007. The bulk grazing of microzooplankton and the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus on phytoplankton, flagellates and picoplankton was estimated. Stations were divided into either eutrophic or oligotrophic according to the nutrient and biological parameters. Picoplankton comprised a large part of the diet of microzooplankton in the central oligotrophic area, while phytoplankton was the main food of microzooplankton in the coastal eutrophic area. In the central oligotrophic area, microzooplankton preferred grazing on Synechococcus. After copepod addition, ciliate abundance decreased while Synechococcus abundance increased (382%, 64% and 64% at three experimental stations, respectively), indicating strong grazing pressure of microzooplankton on Synechococcus. Our results suggest that Synechococcus might be an essential carbon source the planktonic food web in the oligotrophic waters of southern Yellow Sea.
Prospective associations among relationship abuse, sexual harassment and bullying in a community sample of sexual minority and exclusively heterosexual youth
Authors: Hequembourg Amy L. , Livingston Jennifer A. , Wang Weijun 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual minority youth (SMY) are at significantly greater risk for experiencing adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) than exclusively heterosexual youth, yet little is known about the factors that elevate their risks for such abuse. Peer victimization (i.e., bullying, sexual harassment) has been associated with ARA among heterosexual youth. SMY experience higher rates of peer victimization than heterosexual youth, suggesting that it may be a risk factor for ARA among these youth. Using longitudinal data from a community sample of adolescents recruited from the northeastern US, we examined whether sexual identity was associated prospectively with ARA, and whether that relationship would be indirect, and mediated via bullying and sexual harassment at a 12‐month follow‐up. We expected to find higher rates of peer victimization and ARA among SMY than heterosexual youth, and we expected that sexual harassment and bullying would predict subsequent relationship abuse.MethodsAdolescents (N = 800; 58% female; 81% European‐American; 19% SMY) between 13 and 15 years (M = 14.45, SD = 0.85) completed a web survey at baseline, 6‐months and 12‐months.ResultsConsistent with prior studies, SMY reported higher rates of bullying, sexual harassment, and relationship abuse than heterosexual youth. SMY who reported sexual harassment at baseline were more likely to report relationship abuse over time. Contrary to our expectations, however, bully victimization did not predict subsequent relationship abuse.ConclusionsSexual harassment can be particularly harmful for SMY because it targets gender and sexual identity at a formative developmental period and puts youth at risk for relationship abuse.
Which-hunting in Medieval England
Authors: Truswell Robert , Gisborne Nikolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn many of the first English headedwhich-relatives,whichhas an NP complement. Using distributional tests grounded in contrasts revealed by research in formal semantics, we demonstrate that the presence of an NP complement forces a nonrestrictive interpretation of the relative, while ‘bare’which-relatives may be restrictive or nonrestrictive. We situate this finding in relation to both the formal semantics of relative clauses, and the history ofwh-relatives in English.
Stress and Struggle inside International Harvester
Authors: CLARKE SALLY H. 
Published: July 2020

At International Harvester, a 1902 merger, the defining feature was discord. A J. P. Morgan financier by the name of George W. Perkins and a formal agreement initiated changes to mitigate stress and struggle. Existing research dates improvement to 1906. This paper extends the analysis and documents that, among changes, entrepreneur William Deering and his children parted with some holdings, helping to diminish tensions. Meanwhile, the McCormicks agreed to a stock dividend. This action helped mellow strife and augment their power. How did discord affect efficiency? The conventional answer centers on management along with expansion abroad, but that analysis is enhanced through study of seven brands and their local factories, pricing, and an antitrust consent decree. When a voting trust ran out its clock in 1912, conflict at International Harvester was receding. The firm’s record suggests various governance formats could yield efficiency and profitability.
Occasional Nationalists: The National Ideology of Ultras
Authors: Grodecki Mateusz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrawing on a post-structuralist, post-Marxist discursive approach to nation, this paper aims to (1) explore the constitutive elements of the national ideology of Polish ultras, (2) study what means of expression are used in their choreographies in order to disseminate their vision of the nation, and (3) map the events that stimulate the production of choreographies related to national issues. The study is based on the content analysis of ultras’ displays using data from a print fanzine devoted to football fandom culture in Poland. The results indicate that the national ideology of Polish ultras can be viewed as a resistance ideology. They also reveal that the national ideology of ultras is only presented in particular contexts and is not a dominant issue in their performances. The study introduces the concept ofoccasional nationalism, which can be a useful analytical tool to map and quantify the presence of nation in practices of articulation of a particular community.
The battlefields of leisure: simple forms of labor control in the Turkish hospitality sector
Authors: Erköse Hüseyin Yener 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is based on an ethnographic study in the Turkish hospitality sector and examines the employment of simple forms of labor control in hospitality service work from the perspective of labor process analysis. It introduces ethnographic data from two holiday villages on the southern coast of Turkey serving international customers. The two holiday villages were workplaces that employed mostly young workers for low-skill, routine tasks that demanded intense physical and emotional labor, but without due remuneration, career chances, and employment security. Data based on participant observation and in-depth interviews point to an increasing managerial reliance on simple forms of labor control. This happens as a result of intensifying competition among hospitality firms in a market with volatile demand and managerial perceptions regarding employees’ lack of customer service skills due to routinization and simplification of tasks after the introduction of the all-inclusive boarding system. Such market-related developments encourage employers to use simple control mechanisms that help in adjusting staffing levels, imposing loyalty, cutting costs, and ensuring efficiency.
Lactobacillus casei YRL577 combined with plant extracts reduce markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhou Hui , Guan Meiyu , Zhou Xiaohong , Liang Xi , Lv Youyou , Bai Lu , Zhang Junxue , Gong Pimin , Liu Tongjie , Yi Huaxi , Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Lanwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProbiotics and plant extracts are considered to prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study explores the effects of using both probiotics and plant extracts on NAFLD. The present study evaluated the effects of plant extracts on lipid droplet accumulation and the growth of probiotics in vitro. A C57BL/6 mouse model was used to examine the effects of probiotics and plant extracts on NAFLD. Body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of serum lipids, oxidative stress and the liver injury index were determined using commercial kits. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, GC and real-time PCR were also used for analysis. The results revealed that administration of Lactobacillus casei YRL577 and L. paracasei X11 with resveratrol (RES) or tea polyphenols (TP) significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, TAG and LDL-cholesterol and increased the level of the HDL-cholesterol. The groups of L. casei YRL577 with RES and TP also regulated the liver structure, oxidative stress and injury. Furthermore, L. casei YRL577 with TP exhibited a more positive effect towards improving the NAFLD and increased the concentrations of the butyric acid than other three combined groups. L. casei YRL577 with TP up-regulated the mRNA levels of the farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15 and decreased the mRNA levels of the apical Na-dependent bile acid transporter. These findings showed that L. casei YRL577 + TP-modified genes in the intestinal bile acid pathway improved markers of NAFLD.
Dietary berberine regulates lipid metabolism in muscle and liver of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) fed normal or high-lipid diets
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Bingying , Sagada Gladstone , Ng Wing-Keong , Chen Kai , Zhang Jinzhi , Shao Qingjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the influence of berberine (BBR) supplementation in normal and high-lipid (HL) diets on lipid metabolism and accumulation in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). BBR was supplemented at 50 mg/kg to control (Con, 11·1 % crude lipid) and high-lipid (HL, 20·2 % crude lipid) diets and named as ConB and HLB, respectively. After the 8-week feeding trial, fish body length and specific growth rate were significantly reduced by HL diets (P < 0·05). Muscle and whole-body crude lipid contents were significantly influenced by both BBR supplementation and dietary lipid level. Fish fed the HLB diet had significantly lower serum TAG, LDL-cholesterol contents and alanine aminotransferase activity compared with the HL group. The HL group presented vast lipid accumulation in the liver, and hypertrophied hepatocytes along with large lipid droplets, and translocation of nuclear to the cell periphery. These abnormalities in black sea bream were alleviated in the HLB group. BBR supplementation in the HL diet significantly down-regulated the hepatic expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pparγ, whereas the lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a expression levels were significantly up-regulated. However, the expression levels of these genes showed opposite trends in muscle (except for pparγ). In conclusion, dietary BBR supplementation in the HL diet reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenesis gene expression and up-regulating lipolysis gene expression, and it increased muscle lipid contents with opposite trends of the mechanism observed in the liver.
Comparison of total and activity energy expenditure estimates from physical activity questionnaires and doubly labelled water: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharifzadeh Mohammad , Bagheri Minoo , Speakman John R. , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhysical activity questionnaires (PAQ) could be suitable tools in free-living people for measures of physical activity, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE). This meta-analysis was performed to determine valid PAQ for estimating TEE and AEE using doubly labelled water (DLW). We identified data from relevant studies by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases. This revealed thirty-eight studies that had validated PAQ with DLW and reported the mean differences between PAQ and DLW measures of TEE (TEEDLW − TEEPAQ) and AEE (AEEDLW − AEEPAQ). We assessed seventy-eight PAQ consisting of fifty-nine PAQ that assessed TEE and thirty-five PAQ that examined AEE. There was no significant difference between TEEPAQ and TEEDLW with a weighted mean difference of –243·3 and a range of –841·4 to 354·6 kJ/d, and a significant weighted mean difference of AEEDLW – AEE PAQ 414·6 and a range of 78·7–750·5. To determine whether any PAQ was a valid tool for estimating TEE and AEE, we carried out a subgroup analysis by type of PAQ. Only Active-Q, administered in two seasons, and 3-d PA diaries were correlated with TEE by DLW at the population level; however, these two PAQ did not demonstrate an acceptable limit of agreement at individual level. For AEE, no PAQ was correlated with DLW either at the population or at the individual levels. Active-Q and 3-d PA diaries were identified as the only valid PAQ for TEE estimation. Further well-designed studies are needed to verify this result and identify additional valid PAQ.
Incumbency and Competitiveness in City Council Elections: How Accurate Are Voter Perceptions?
Authors: Anderson Cameron D. , McGregor R. Michael , Pruysers Scott 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncumbent city councillors have an almost insurmountable advantage in Canadian municipal elections. This article aims to improve our understanding of the municipal incumbency advantage by considering the ability of electors to correctly identify the two most competitive candidates in one's ward and the factors associated with being able to do so. Using survey data from the Canadian Municipal Election Study (CMES), we consider the case of the 2018 elections in Mississauga, a city with typically high rates of incumbent re-election. Survey respondents were asked to identify the two most competitive candidates in their local ward races. We find that comparatively few electors are able to recognize which challenger serves as the strongest threat to a sitting councillor, a finding that suggests that coordination problems may help to contribute to high rates of incumbent success. We identify several individual-level and ward-level correlates of correctly identifying the first-place and second-place finishers. We do note, however, that there is a significant amount of variation among the thousands of municipalities in Canada, so findings from this case should be tested in other settings, including larger or smaller cities where levels of information might be different.