bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle strength and gait speed rather than lean mass are better indicators for poor cognitive function in older men
Authors: Sui Sophia X. , Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Hyde Natalie K. , Williams Lana J. , Leach Sarah , Pasco Julie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe aimed to examine muscle strength, function and mass in relation to cognition in older men. This cross-sectional data-set included 292 men aged ≥60 yr. Handgrip strength (kg) was measured by dynamometry, gait speed by 4-metre walk (m/s) and appendicular lean mass (kg) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cognition was assessed across four domains: psychomotor function, attention, visual learning and working memory. Composite scores for overall cognition were calculated. Bivariate analyses indicated that handgrip strength and gait speed were positively associated with cognitive function. After accounting for confounders, positive associations between individual muscle (or physical) measures and cognitive performance were sustained for handgrip strength and psychomotor function, gait speed and psychomotor function, gait speed and attention, handgrip strength and overall cognition, and gait speed and overall cognition. In multivariable models, handgrip strength and gait speed independently predicted psychomotor function and overall cognition. No associations were detected between lean mass and cognition after adjusting for confounders. Thus, low muscle strength and slower gait speed, rather than low lean mass, were associated with poor cognition in older men.
Wide Bandwidth Angle- and Polarization-Insensitive Symmetric Metamaterial Absorber for X and Ku Band Applications
Authors: Hannan Saif , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Almutairi Ali F. , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a wide bandwidth angle- and polarization-insensitive symmetric metamaterial (MM) absorber for X and Ku band is proposed. For both normal and oblique incidence in TEM mode, the proposed unit cell shows high absorption at different polarizing angles due to structural symmetry. A four-fold resonator was introduced in the unit cell to enhance the bandwidth. The performance of the proposed absorber is determined by both full-wave simulations and measurements. The simulated and measured absorptions are almost similar at normal incidence with 94.63%, 95.58%, 97% and 75.58% at 11.31 GHz, 14.11 GHz, 14.23 GHz, and 17.79 GHz respectively. At 45° for these frequencies, the absorptions are 95.47%, 97.2%, 97.12% and 75.29% respectively. For 90°, the absorptions are similar to those for 45° except 98.15% for 14.21 GHz. At all these angles and resonance frequencies, either permittivity or permeability was found negative, as a result, the refractive index was negative revealing metamaterial characteristics of the unit cell. Along with high absorptivity and wide incidence angle insensitivity up to 90°, a total of 1.42 GHz of absorption bandwidth was achieved, which is better than recent similar works with FR4 substrate.
Hybrid PET/MRI enables high-spatial resolution, quantitative imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Frost Georgia R. , Longo Valerie , Li Thomas , Jonas Lauren A. , Judenhofer Martin , Cherry Simon , Koutcher Jason , Lekaye Carl , Zanzonico Pat , Li Yue-Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe emergence of PET probes for amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD), enables monitoring of pathology in AD mouse models. However, small-animal PET imaging is limited by coarse spatial resolution. We have installed a custom-fabricated PET insert into our small-animal MRI instrument and used PET/MRI hybrid imaging to define regions of amyloid vulnerability in 5xFAD mice. We compared fluorine-18 [18F]-Florbetapir uptake in the 5xFAD brain by dedicated small-animal PET/MRI and PET/CT to validate the quantitative measurement of PET/MRI. Next, we used PET/MRI to define uptake in six brain regions. As expected, uptake was comparable to wild-type in the cerebellum and elevated in the cortex and hippocampus, regions implicated in AD. Interestingly, uptake was highest in the thalamus, a region often overlooked in AD studies. Development of small-animal PET/MRI enables tracking of brain region-specific pathology in mouse models, which may prove invaluable to understanding AD progression and therapeutic development.
Loss of Complement Factor H impairs antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism of human RPE cells
Authors: Armento Angela , Honisch Sabina , Panagiotakopoulou Vasiliki , Sonntag Inga , Jacob Anke , Bolz Sylvia , Kilger Ellen , Deleidi Michela , Clark Simon , Ueffing Marius 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolymorphisms in the Complement Factor H (CFH) gene, coding for the Factor H protein (FH), can increase the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD-associated CFH risk variants, Y402H in particular, impair FH function leading to complement overactivation. Whether this alone suffices to trigger AMD pathogenesis remains unclear. In AMD, retinal homeostasis is compromised due to the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. To investigate the impact of endogenous FH loss on RPE cell balance, we silenced CFH in human hTERT-RPE1 cells. FH reduction led to accumulation of C3, at both RNA and protein level and increased RPE vulnerability toward oxidative stress. Mild hydrogen-peroxide exposure in combination with CFH knock-down led to a reduction of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, paralleled by an increase in lipid peroxidation, which is a key aspect of AMD pathogenesis. In parallel, cell viability was decreased. The perturbations of energy metabolism were accompanied by transcriptional deregulation of several glucose metabolism genes as well as genes modulating mitochondrial stability. Our data suggest that endogenously produced FH contributes to transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis and protects RPE cells from oxidative stress, highlighting a novel role of FH in AMD pathogenesis.
Physiological and molecular mechanisms governing the effect of virus-free chewing cane seedlings on yield and quality
Authors: Wang Kai-li , Deng Quan-qing , Chen Jian-wen , Shen Wan-kuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of increasing yield and quality of virus-free chewing cane seedlings and their physiological and molecular basis were studied in this study. Results showed that compared with infected seedlings (the control), the yield of chewing cane stems grown from virus-free seedlings increased by 21.81–29.93%, stem length increased by 28.66–34.49 cm, internode length increased by 2.16–2.68 cm, the single stem weight increased by 20.10–27.68%, the reducing sugar increased by 0.91–1.15% (absolute value), and sucrose increased by − 0.06–1.33% (absolute value). The decrease in sucrose content did not reach significant level, but all other parameters were reached significant level. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters such as stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr), the activity of photosynthetic key enzymes ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and gene (pepc, rbcS, and rbcL) expression levels were all greater in virus-free seedlings than infected seedlings. The content of superoxide anion (O2−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in virus-free seedlings was lower than infected seedlings at the main growth stage. With increased development, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were gradually higher in virus-free seedlings than infected seedlings. Our results indicate that virus-free seedlings may improve photosynthesis efficiency and promote photosynthesis by increasing chlorophyll content, photosynthetic key enzyme activity, and the gene expression levels in leaves. By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and improving the stress resistance of chewing cane, the virus-free chewing cane seedlings increased yield and quality. Our findings provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the promotion and application of virus-free chewing cane seedlings.
Robust output voltage control of a high gain DC–DC converter under applied load and input voltage uncertainties
Authors: Akhormeh Ahmad Reza Naderi , Akhormeh Alireza Naderi , Abbaszadeh Karim 
Published: June 2020

In this study, using robust and adaptive approaches, two controllers are designed to compensate for the applied load and input voltage uncertainties of a high voltage gain dc–dc converter. These controllers are designed based on measuring only the output voltage of the converter. The permissible ranges of the uncertainties are calculated using dynamics equations analysis while practical limitations are considered. In the first approach, an input multiplicative uncertainty is considered for the model of the converter by linearisation of non‐linear equations as well as using permissible ranges of the uncertainty. Then, a robust H∞ controller is designed. In the second approach, the converter model is considered as a first‐order dynamics model with the unknown parameters and an unknown additive term while a direct robust model reference adaptive controller is designed for it. Finally, the non‐linear equations of the converter are simulated and the performances of the controllers are compared with each other. The control methods are then implemented on a 200 W prototype of a converter for evaluating the simulations results.
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel auf Brokkolibasis – wie sieht die Qualitätssituation aus?
Authors: Hensel Andreas , Lechtenberg Matthias 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBrokkoli (Spargelkohl) ist eine Kulturform des Gemüsekohls (Brassica oleracea L.) und stammt aus der Familie der Kreuzblütler (Brassicaceae). Brokkoli verbreitete sich von Italien kommend (var. italica) in ganz Europa und avancierte nach und nach auch hierzulande zu einem sehr geschätzten Gemüse. Brokkoli ist in morphologisch-anatomischer Sicht ein Blütenstandgemüse und wird deshalb wie der verwandte Blumenkohl zu den Infloreszenzkohlen gerechnet.Wie auch viele andere Arten aus der Familie der Brassicaceae zeichnet sich Brokkoli durch das Vorkommen bioaktiver Glucosinolate („Senfölglucoside“) aus. Vor allem das in jungen Sprossen und Samen in hoher Konzentration vorkommende Glucoraphanin (und sein enzymatisches Abbauprodukt Sulforaphan) soll über chemoprotektive Wirkungen das Entstehen und den Verlauf von Krebserkrankungen positiv beeinflussen.Es gibt bislang keine Arzneimittelzulassungen für Präparate, die Brokkoliextrakte enthalten. Auch ist bislang keiner der bei der EFSA beantragten „Health Claims“ für Lebensmittel autorisiert worden. Dessen ungeachtet hat sich mittlerweile vor allem im Internet ein breiter Markt an Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (NEM) auf Brokkolibasis etabliert.Um den Gehalt an wertbestimmenden Glucosinolaten in diesen Produkten und damit deren Qualität einschätzen zu können, wurde mit einer eigens dafür entwickelten analytischen Methode eine kleine Stichprobe (14 Präparate) an marktüblichen NEM untersucht. Die Auswertung der qualitativen und quantitativen Ergebnisse offenbarte sehr große Qualitätsunterschiede. In weniger als der Hälfte aller untersuchten Fälle konnte eine uneingeschränkte Übereinstimmung mit der Deklaration festgestellt werden, einige Produkte zeigten leichte Abweichungen zur Deklaration und in nicht wenigen Fällen war trotz Deklaration weder Glucoraphanin noch Sulforaphan im Produkt nachweisbar.
Mediterrane Diät vor und während der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Pannenbäcker Arved , Obeid Rima 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Vergleich zu veganen und vegetarischen Ernährungsformen ist die mediterrane Diät (MD) vielfältiger, ausgewogener in Bezug auf Makro- und Mikronährstoffe und mithilfe von Score-Systemen in der Literatur besser definiert. Studien weisen darauf hin, dass die MD vor und während der Schwangerschaft protektive Effekte auf die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind haben kann, so z. B. gegenüber Gestationsdiabetes, Präeklampsie, einem niedrigen Geburtsgewicht oder Frühgeburtlichkeit.
Patients’ Perspectives on Psychiatric Pharmacogenetic Testing
Authors: Liko Ina , Lai Erika , Griffin Rachel J. , Aquilante Christina L. , Lee Yee Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction There is growing interest to adopt pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in psychiatric medicine, despite mixed views regarding its clinical utility. Nevertheless, providers are utilizing PGx testing among patients with mental health disorders. This study sought to assess genotyped patients’ perspectives and experiences with psychiatric PGx testing.Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted among patients with depression who had undergone psychiatric PGx testing. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed inductively and deductively for salient themes.Results Twenty patients (100% Caucasian, 60% female, mean age 39±18 years) were interviewed. The majority of the PGx tests were provider-initiated for patients who failed multiple pharmacotherapies (50%) and/or had medication intolerances (45%). Patients’ pre-testing expectations ranged from hopefulness to indifference to skepticism. Their post-testing experiences varied from optimism to disappointment, with the perceived value of the test influenced by the results and cost of the test.Discussion Genotyped patients had mixed perspectives, expectations, and experiences with psychiatric PGx testing. Their perceived value of the test was influenced by the test outcomes and its cost.
Dearomatization Reactions of Indoles to Access 3D Indoline Structures
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Abou-Hamdan Hussein , Kouklovsky Cyrille 
Published: June 2020

This Account summarizes our involvement in the development of dearomatization reactions of indoles that has for origin a total synthesis problematic. We present the effort from our group to obtain 3D-indolines scaffold from the umpolung of N-acyl indoles via activation with FeCl3 to the oxidative spirocyclizations of N-EWG indoles and via the use of electrochemistry.1	Introduction2	Activation of N-Acyl Indoles with FeCl3
2.1	Hydroarylation of N-Acyl Indoles2.2	Difunctionalization of N-Acyl Indoles3	Radical-Mediated Dearomatization of Indoles for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolines4	Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles4.1	Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles4.2	Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles5	Conclusion
Rhodium(I) Complexes as Useful Tools for the Activation of Fluoroolefins
Authors: Braun Thomas , Talavera María 
Published: June 2020

In this account we describe studies on the reactivity of rhodium(I) complexes of the type [Rh(E)(PEt3)3], where E represents hydrido, fluorido, germyl, boryl or silyl ligands, towards fluorinated olefins. The results are compared with those reported by other research groups on fluoroolefins, as well as with the chemistry of compounds [Rh(E)(PEt3)3] towards fluoroaromatics in terms of selectivity and mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Reactivity Towards Fluoroolefins2.1	Reactivity of Hexafluoropropene2.2	Reactivity of (E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropene2.3	Reactivity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene and (E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene2.4	Reactivity of 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene2.5	Reactivity of Pentafluorostyrene3	Conclusion and Perspective
Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronic Derivatives
Authors: Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Moskvina Viktoriia S. , Hryshchuk Oleksandr V. , Tymtsunik Andriy V. 
Published: June 2020

The literature on cycloaddition reactions of boron-containing alkenes is surveyed with 132 references. The data are categorized according to the reaction type ([2+1], [2+2], [3+2], [4+2], and [4+3] cycloadditions). The cyclopropanation and the Diels–Alder reactions of alkenylboronic derivatives have been studied more or less comprehensively, and for some substrates, they can be considered as convenient methods for the rapid regio- and stereoselective construction of even complex cyclic systems. Other types of the cycloadditions, as well as mechanistic aspects of the processes, have been addressed less thoroughly in the previous works.1 Introduction2 [2+1] Cycloaddition2.1 Cyclopropanation2.1.1 With Methylene Synthetic Equivalents2.1.2 With Substituted Carbenoids2.2 Epoxidation2.3 Aziridination3 [2+2] Cycloaddition4 [3+2] Cycloaddition4.1 With Nitrile Oxides4.2 With Diazoalkanes4.3 With Nitrones4.4 With Azomethine Ylides5 [4+2] Cycloaddition6 [4+3] Cycloaddition7 Conclusions and Outlook
Ethical and Practical Challenges of the Communication and Behavioral Manifestations of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Tippett Donna C. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe communication and behavioral manifestations of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) present ethical and practical challenges for individuals with this clinical syndrome as well as for individuals who are involved closely in their care. In this article, cases representing all three PPA variants (logopenic variant, nonfluent agrammatic, semantic variant) are presented to illustrate commonly encountered situations in which self-determination is at risk in decisions about housing, driving, social interactions, finances, and treatment interventions. Potential approaches, including patient/family education, implementation of safeguards, redirection to meaningful activities, and protections against vulnerability in treatment decisions, are described to preserve autonomy in patients with this neurodegenerative clinical syndrome.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Obi Ogugua Ndili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) describes an individual's perception of the impact of health, disease, and treatment on their quality of life (QoL). It is a reflection of how the manifestation of an illness and its treatment is personally experienced. Assessing HRQoL is particularly important in sarcoidosis because the attributable disease mortality is relatively low, and one of the major reasons for initiating treatment is to improve quality of life. HRQoL has been assessed in sarcoidosis using various generic and sarcoid-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). It is important that both the direct and indirect effects of the disease, as well as potential toxicities of therapy, are captured in the various PROMs used to assess HRQoL in sarcoidosis. This article provides a general overview of HRQoL in patients with sarcoidosis. It describes the various PROMs used to assess HRQoL in sarcoidosis and addresses the various factors that influence HRQoL in sarcoidosis. Specific attention is paid to fatigue, small fiber neuropathy, corticosteroid therapy, and other disease-specific factors that affect HRQoL in sarcoidosis. It also provides an insight into interventions that have been associated with improved HRQoL in sarcoidosis and offers suggestions for future research in this important area.
Assumptions about Decision-Making Capacity and Aphasia: Ethical Implications and Impact
Authors: Kagan Aura , Shumway Elyse , MacDonald Sheila 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the issue of aphasia and decision-making within the context of clinical ethics and patient rights. The cases described illustrate the danger of making assumptions about the inherent competence of people with aphasia and the life-altering consequences if no attempt is made to “accommodate” or support communication when competence may be masked by aphasia. Speech-language pathologists have a moral obligation and a key role to play in providing communication support that may serve to reveal a person's intact capacity to make specific decisions, as well as in supporting the steps involved in the decision-making process. This role also extends to providing guidance, education, and training for others involved in evaluating the decision-making capacity of people with aphasia. Communication support strategies useful at each stage of the decision-making process are detailed.
Protocolo de intervenção do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de um hospital universitário de alta complexidade para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Lima Ewerton Borges de Souza , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Falótico Guilherme Guadagnini , Mansur Nacime Salomão Barbachan , Luzo Marcus Vinicius Malheiros , Reis Fernando Baldy dos 
Published: June 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever os protocolos implementados para adequar a equipe ortopédica à pandemia de COVID-19 e, secundariamente, avaliar o comportamento de variáveis hospitalares e departamentais frente à implementação das medidas.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com descrição de três protocolos: 1) Redução do risco de contágio dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde; 2) Adaptação das atividades laborais, acadêmicas e científicas; e 3) Adaptação do tratamento ortopédico frente à pandemia. Foram analisadas variáveis hospitalares e departamentais como: número de pacientes atendidos no pronto-socorro e ambulatórios, pacientes internados, casos suspeitos e confirmados nos pacientes e na equipe ortopédica, mudança das atividades de ensino do modo presencial para videoconferência, e número cirurgias. Foi comparado o período A, de 03 a 16 de março, com o período B, de 17 a 30 de março, que corresponde à implementação dos protocolos.
Resultados Houve diminuição do número de pacientes atendidos e do número de pacientes internados. Foram notificados dois suspeitos e um confirmado. Dos integrantes do departamento, 12 foram suspeitos e 6 confirmados. Manteve-se a frequência semanal das aulas e as reuniões clinico-científicas diminuíram de dezpara três. Houve redução no volume de cirurgias.
Conclusões O presente estudo demonstrou a viabilidade e a eficiência da rápida implementação de protocolos de intervenção em meio ao cenário de pandemia por COVID-19. Os protocolos focaram na redução do risco de contágio dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde, na adaptação das atividades laborais, acadêmicas e científicas, e na adaptação do tratamento ortopédico. Com sua aplicação, mantiveram-se as atividades assistencial, acadêmica e científica funcionantes, priorizando-se medidas de enfrentamento à COVID-19.
Identification of Ulnar Artery Perforators Using Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Ishiko Megumi , Yano Koichi , Onode Ema , Takamatsu Kiyohito 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The ulnar artery perforator (UAP) flap, which is hairless, thin, and pliable, has been used for the reconstruction of soft tissues from the finger to the elbow. Preoperative planning is essential for a perforator flap surgery, and there are some tests to identify perforators. Color Doppler ultrasonography (US) with a high-frequency transducer helps in detecting decreased flow in smaller vessels, such as perforators. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical locations and origins of perforators arising from the ulnar artery using color Doppler US in healthy volunteers.
Methods Forty forearms of 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Perforators arising from the ulnar artery, within 100 mm proximal to the pisiform, were investigated using color Doppler US with a high-frequency transducer.
Results A total of 205 perforators were identified. On comparing the locations in each 20 mm section from the pisiform, the largest number of perforators was 58 (28%), within 20 mm proximal to the pisiform. The axial view demonstrated 44 (21%), 64 (31%), 32 (16%), and 65 (32%) perforators in the radial, ulnar, superficial, and deep aspects of the ulnar artery, respectively. Fifty-two and 28 essential perforators were supplied by the UAPs arising from the superficial and ulnar aspect within 20 mm proximal to the pisiform and between 21 and 40 mm proximal to the pisiform, respectively, while elevating the UAP flap.
Conclusion This is the first study to assess the UAP using color Doppler US. Identification of UAP using color Doppler US can be used as a preoperative assessment for reliable elevation of a UAP flap.