bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Washington's liquor license system and alcohol‐related adverse health outcomes
Authors: Phillips Aryn Z. , Rodriguez Hector P. , Kerr William C. , Ahern Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn June 2012, Washington state (USA) implemented Initiative 1183, privatizing liquor sales. As a result, off‐premises outlets increased from 330 to over 1400 and trading hours lengthened. Increased availability of liquor may lead to increased consumption. This study examines the impact of Initiative 1183 on alcohol‐related adverse health outcomes, measured by inpatient hospitalizations for alcohol‐related disorders and accidental injuries. It further assesses heterogeneity by urbanicity, because outlets increased most in metropolitan‐urban areas.DesignCounty‐by‐quarter difference‐in‐difference linear regression models, estimated statewide and within metropolitan/rural strata.Setting and ParticipantsData are from AHRQ Healthcare Cost and Utilization State Inpatient Database 2010–2014 and HHS Area Health Resource File 2010–2014. Changes in the rates of hospitalizations in the 2.5 years following Initiative 1183 in Washington (n = 39 counties) are compared with changes in Oregon (n = 36 counties).MeasurementsCounty rates of hospitalizations per 1000 residents, including all records with any‐listed ICD‐9 Clinical Classification Software code denoting an alcohol‐related disorder, and all records with any‐listed external cause of injury code denoting an accidental injury.FindingsThe increase in the rate of accidental injury hospitalizations in Washington's metropolitan‐urban counties was on average 0.289 hospitalizations per 1000 county residents per quarter greater than the simultaneous increase observed in Oregon (P = 0.017). This result was robust to alternative specifications using a propensity score matched sample and synthetic control methods with data from other comparison states. The evidence did not suggest that Initiative 1183 was associated with differential changes in the rate of hospitalizations for alcohol‐related disorders in metropolitan‐urban (P = 0.941), non‐metropolitan‐urban (P = 0.162), or rural counties (P = 0.876).ConclusionsImplementing Washington's Initiative 1183 (privatizing liquor sales) appears to have been associated with a significant increase in the rate of accidental injury hospitalizations in urban counties in that state but does not appear to be significantly associated with changes in the rate of hospitalizations specifically for alcohol‐related disorders within 2.5 years.
What is it like to live with a functional movement disorder? An interpretative phenomenological analysis of illness experiences from symptom onset to post‐diagnosis
Authors: Dosanjh Mandip , Alty Jane , Martin Carol , Latchford Gary , Graham Christopher D. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesWith few empirically supported treatments, functional movement disorders (FMD) can be challenging to manage. To enable service providers to better support people with FMD, this study sought to understand the lived experience of FMD: to gain insight into how individuals make sense of their experience from symptom onset through medical evaluation and diagnosis to post‐diagnostic adaptation.DesignAn interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of patient accounts of living with FMD.MethodsEight participants were recruited from a UK teaching hospital adult neurology service: seven females, varying in age (20s‐70s), FMD symptom type (tremor, dystonia, and tics), and time to diagnosis (10 ‐ 192 months). Semi‐structured interviews facilitated participant accounts of key events. Interviews lasted 75‐125 minutes and were transcribed verbatim.ResultsThree super‐ordinate themes were apparent. The first covered the experiences of onset (‘Something is wrong with me’), including loss of control ‐ with the affected body part often described as a separate entity ‐ threats to identity and disturbance in relationships. ‘At last! What now?’ outlined the bittersweet experience of diagnosis and of treatments. Third, ‘Living my life with it’ incorporated ongoing experiences of coping with symptoms. While some continued to struggle with the emotional impact of symptoms, others developed a compassionate relationship with their self and maintained satisfying activities.ConclusionsFMD has a significant impact on patients’ relationships with themselves and others, which in turn affects well‐being. These findings suggest some nuanced additions to interventions (diagnosis, psychotherapy, physiotherapy, public education.)
Artificial intelligence and machine learning for protein toxicity prediction using proteomics data
Authors: Vishnoi Shubham , Matre Himani , Garg Prabha , Pandey Shubham Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInstead of only focusing on the targeted drug delivery system, researchers have a great interest in developing peptide‐based therapies for the procurement of numerous class of diseases. The main idea behind this is to anchor the properties of the receptor to design peptide‐based therapeutics. As these macromolecules have distinct physicochemical properties over small molecules, it becomes an obligatory field for the treatment of diseases. For this, various in silico models have been developed to speculate the proteins by virtue of the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence. By analysing the properties and structural alert of toxic proteins, researchers aim to dissert some of the mechanisms of protein toxicity from which therapeutic insights may be drawn. Numerous models already exist worldwide emphasizing themselves as leading paramount for toxicity prediction in protein macromolecules. Few of them comparatively compete with the other predictive protein toxicity models and convincingly give a high‐performance result in terms of accuracy. But their foundation is quite ambiguous, and varying approaches are found at the level of toxicoproteomic data utilization while building a machine learning model. In this review work, we present the contribution of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches in prediction of protein toxicity using proteomics data.
Outcomes following repeat exenteration for locally advanced pelvic malignancy
Authors: Blake Joshua , Koh Cherry E. , Steffens Daniel , De Robles Marie Shella , Brown Kilian , Lee Peter , Austin Kirk , Solomon Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to assess surgical outcomes and survival following first, second and third pelvic exenterations for pelvic malignancy.MethodConsecutive patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for pelvic malignancy at a quaternary referral centre from January 1994 and December 2017 were included. Demographics and surgical outcomes were compared between patients who underwent first, second and third pelvic exenterations by generalized mixed modelling with repeated measures. Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier plots.ResultsOf the 642 exenterations reviewed, 29 (4.5%) were second and 6 (0.9%) were third exenterations. Patients selected for repeat exenteration were more likely to have asymptomatic local recurrences detected on routine surveillance (P < 0.001). Postoperative wound complications increased with repeat exenteration (6%, 17%, 33%; P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, postoperative length of stay increased from 27 to 38 and 48 days, respectively (P = 0.004). Median survival from first exenteration was 4.75, 5.30 and 8.14 years respectively amongst first, second and third exenteration cohorts (P = 0.849). Median survival from the most recent exenteration was 4.75 years after a first exenteration, 2.02 years after a second exenteration and 1.45 years after a third exenteration (P = 0.0546).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that repeat exenteration for recurrent pelvic malignancy is feasible but is associated with increased complication rates and length of admission and reduced likelihood of attaining R0 margin. Moreover, these data indicate that repeat exenteration does not afford a survival advantage compared with patients having a single exenteration. These data suggest that repeat exenteration for recurrent pelvic malignancy may be of questionable therapeutic value.
How colour‐deficient observers see things, or not.
Authors: Eschbach Reiner 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColour deficiency or, colloquially, colour blindness, is common and has been observed and described in the scientific literature for ca. 200 years. In more recent times, algorithms have been developed that simulate the effect of colour deficiency to a colour‐normal observer. Sometimes these algorithms are used to indicate potential problems in the colour design, but often the implicit assumption is that a colour‐deficient observer actually sees things that way. But do they? This paper questions some of the underlying assumptions of the algorithms.
Deciphering the COVID‐19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mulchandani Rubina , Lyngdoh Tanica , Kakkar Ashish Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 20 million people so far. Elevated cytokines and suppressed immune responses have been hypothesized to set off a cytokine storm, contributing to ARDS, multiple‐organ failure and, in the most severe cases, death. We aimed to quantify the differences in the circulating levels of major inflammatory and immunological markers between severe and nonsevere COVID‐19 patients.MethodsRelevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and preprint servers. Risk of bias was assessed for each study, using appropriate checklists. All studies were described qualitatively and a subset was included in the meta‐analysis, using forest plots.ResultsBased on 23 studies, mean cytokine levels were significantly higher (IL‐6: MD, 19.55 pg/mL; CI, 14.80, 24.30; IL‐8: MD, 19.18 pg/mL; CI, 2.94, 35.43; IL‐10: MD, 3.66 pg/mL; CI, 2.41, 4.92; IL‐2R: MD, 521.36 U/mL; CI, 87.15, 955.57; and TNF‐alpha: MD, 1.11 pg/mL; CI, 0.07, 2.15) and T‐lymphocyte levels were significantly lower (CD4+ T cells: MD, −165.28 cells/µL; CI, −207.58, −122.97; CD8+ T cells: MD, −106.51 cells/µL; CI, −128.59, −84.43) among severe cases as compared to nonsevere ones. There was heterogeneity across studies due to small sample sizes and nonuniformity in outcome assessment and varied definitions of disease severity. The overall quality of studies was sub‐optimal.ConclusionSevere COVID‐19 is characterized by significantly increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and reduced T lymphocytes. Well‐designed and adequately powered prospective studies are needed to amplify the current evidence and provide definitive answers to dilemmas regarding timing and type of anti‐COVID‐19 therapy particularly in severe patients.
The Recovering Quality of Life 10‐item (ReQoL‐10) scale in a first‐episode psychosis population: Validation and implications for patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs)
Authors: Chua Yi Chian , Wong Horng Hien , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi , Shahwan Shazana , Cetty Laxman , Yong Yee Huei , Hon Charlene , Lee Helen , Tang Charmaine , Verma Swapna , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the Recovering Quality of Life scale 10‐item version (ReQoL‐10) using a sample from a Singapore first‐episode psychosis intervention program, to explore its clinical and sociodemographic correlates, and to discuss its utility as a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM).MethodsSociodemographic data, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and diagnosis were collected from 300 participants. Clinical data, which included baseline and current scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐item version, EuroQoL‐5 Dimension 3‐level version, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning scale, were extracted. The ReQoL‐10 was tested for structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity, and a multiple linear regression determined if any of the baseline factors were statistically significant predictors of the total ReQoL‐10 scores.ResultsThe mean (SD) total ReQoL‐10 score of the sample was 27.8 (7.8). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the bifactor model structure of the ReQoL‐10. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency and adequate construct validity. Being older was associated with higher total ReQoL‐10 scores, while being married, having a highest educational level of vocational/diploma, longer DUP, and a diagnosis of affective psychosis were associated with lower total ReQoL‐10 scores.ConclusionsThis study has validated the ReQoL‐10 as suitable for routine use to measure recovery‐specific quality of life in a psychiatric setting among patients with first‐episode psychosis, and is a potential tool to initiate recovery conversations. As a PROM, it can facilitate shared decision making, in line with efforts to evaluate and improve quality of care.
Which factors delay treatment in bipolar disorder? A nationwide study focussed on duration of untreated illness
Authors: Buoli Massimiliano , Cesana Bruno Mario , Fagiolini Andrea , Albert Umberto , Maina Giuseppe , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Pompili Maurizio , Bondi Emi , Steardo Luca , Amore Mario , Bellomo Antonello , Bertolino Alessandro , Di Nicola Marco , Di Sciascio Guido , Fiorillo Andrea , Rocca Paola , Sacchetti Emilio , Sani Gabriele , Siracusano Alberto , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Tortorella Alfonso , Altamura Alfredo Carlo , Dell'Osso Bernardo ,   ISBD Italian Chapter Epidemiologic Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to detect factors associated with duration of untreated illness (DUI) in bipolar disorder (BD).MethodA total of 1575 patients were selected for the purposes of the study. Correlation analyses were performed to analyse the relation between DUI and quantitative variables. The length of DUI was compared between groups defined by qualitative variables through one‐way analyses of variance or Kruskal‐Wallis's tests according to the distribution of the variable. Linear multivariable regressions were used to find the most parsimonious set of variables independently associated with DUI: to this aim, qualitative variables were inserted with the numeric code of their classes by assuming a proportional effect moving from one class to another.ResultsAn inverse significant correlation between length of DUI and time between visits in euthymic patients was observed (r = −.52, P < .001). DUI resulted to be longer in patients with: at least one lifetime marriage/partnership (P = .009), a first psychiatric diagnosis of major depressive disorder or substance abuse (P < .001), a depressive polarity of first episode (P < .001), no lifetime psychotic symptoms (P < .001), BD type 2 (P < .001), more lifetime depressive/hypomanic episodes (P < .001), less lifetime manic episodes (P < .001), presence of suicide attempts (P = .004), depressive episodes (P < .001), hypomanic episodes (P = .004), hospitalizations (P = .011) in the last year.ConclusionsDifferent factors resulted to increase the length of DUI in a nationwide sample of bipolar patients. In addition, the DUI was found to show a negative long‐term effect in terms of more suicidal behaviour, more probability of hospitalization and depressive/hypomanic episodes.
Magnetization transfer ratio: a quantitative imaging biomarker for 5q spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Kollmer J. , Kessler T. , Sam G. , Hayes J. M. , Lentz S. I. , Heiland S. , Bendszus M. , Wick W. , Weiler M. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeWe quantified peripheral nerve lesions in adults with 5q‐linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 by analysing the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of the sciatic nerve, and tested its potential as a novel biomarker for macromolecular changes.MethodsEighteen adults with SMA 3 (50% SMA 3a, 50% SMA 3b) and 18 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls prospectively underwent magnetization transfer contrast imaging in a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Two axial three‐dimensional gradient echo sequences, with and without an off‐resonance saturation rapid frequency pulse, were performed at the right distal thigh. Sciatic nerve regions of interest were manually traced on 10 consecutive axial slices in the images generated without off‐resonance saturation, and then transferred to corresponding slices generated by the sequence with the off‐resonance saturation pulse. Subsequently, MTR and cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of the sciatic nerve were analysed. In addition, detailed neurologic, physiotherapeutic and electrophysiologic examinations were conducted in all patients.ResultsSciatic nerve MTR and CSA reliably differentiated between healthy controls and SMA 3, 3a or 3b. MTR was lower in the SMA 3 (P < 0.0001), SMA 3a (P < 0.0001) and SMA 3b groups (P = 0.0020) than in respective controls. In patients with SMA 3, MTR correlated with all clinical scores, and arm nerve compound motor action potentials (CMAPs). CSA was lower in the SMA 3 (P < 0.0001), SMA 3a (P < 0.0001) and SMA 3b groups (P = 0.0006) than in controls, but did not correlate with clinical scores or electrophysiologic results.ConclusionsMagnetization transfer ratio is a novel imaging marker that quantifies macromolecular nerve changes in SMA 3, and positively correlates with clinical scores and CMAPs.
Detection of disability worsening in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a real‐world roving Expanded Disability Status Scale reference analysis from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register
Authors: Lepore V. , Bosetti C. , Santucci C. , Iaffaldano P. , Trojano M. , Mosconi P. ,   the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register Centers Group, the Scientific Committee of Italian SM Register
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeIn relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients (RRMS) disability progressively accumulates over time. To compare the cumulative probability of 6‐month confirmed disability‐worsening events using a fixed baseline or a roving Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) reference, in a real‐world setting.MethodsA cohort of 7964 RRMS patients followed for 2 or more years, with EDSS scores recorded every 6 months, was selected from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register. The overall probability of confirmed disability‐worsening events and of confirmed disability‐worsening events unrelated to relapse was evaluated using as reference a fixed baseline EDSS score or a roving EDSS score in which the increase had to be separated from the last EDSS assessment by at least 6 or 12 months.ResultsUsing a fixed baseline EDSS reference, the cumulative probability of 6‐year overall confirmed disability‐worsening events was 33.2%, and that of events unrelated to relapse was 10.9% (33% of overall confirmed disability‐worsening events). Using a roving EDSS, the proportions were respectively 35.2% and 21.3% (61% of overall confirmed disability‐worsening events).ConclusionsIn a real‐world setting, roving EDSS reference scores appear to be more sensitive for detecting confirmed disability‐worsening events unrelated to relapse in RRMS patients.
Neurofilament results for the phase II neuroprotection study of phenytoin in optic neuritis
Authors: Raftopoulos R. , Kuhle J. , Grant D. , Hickman S. J. , Altmann D. R. , Leppert D. , Blennow K. , Zetterberg H. , Kapoor R. , Giovannoni G. , Gnanapavan S. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundA randomized trial of phenytoin in acute optic neuritis (ON) demonstrated a 30% reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss with phenytoin versus placebo. Here we present the corresponding serum neurofilament analyses.MethodsEighty‐six acute ON cases were randomized to receive phenytoin (4–6 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 3 months, and followed up for 6 months. Serum was collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months for analysis of neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) and neurofilament light chain (NfL).ResultsSixty‐four patients had blood sampling. Of these, 58 and 56 were available at 3 months, and 55 and 54 were available at 6 months for NfH and NfL, respectively. There was no significant correlation between serum NfH and NfL at the time points tested. For NfH, the difference in mean placebo – phenytoin was −44 pg/ml at 3 months (P = 0.019) and −27 pg/ml at 6 months (P = 0.234). For NfL, the difference was 1.4 pg/ml at 3 months (P = 0.726) and −1.6 pg/ml at 6 months (P = 0.766).ConclusionsAt 3 months, there was a reduction in NfH, but not NFL, in the phenytoin versus placebo group, while differences at 6 months were not statistically significant. This suggests a potential neuroprotective role for phenytoin in acute ON, with the lower NfH at 3 months, when levels secondary to degeneration of the anterior visual pathway are still elevated, but not at 6 months, when levels have normalized.
Effect of artificial aging on high translucent dental zirconia: simulation of early failure
Authors: Skjold Anneli , Schriwer Christian , Gjerdet Nils R. , Øilo Marit 
Published: October 2020

Higher yttria content enhances the translucency and appearance of dental zirconia materials. Alterations in material composition also affect mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture load after artificial short‐term aging of monolithic, full‐contour zirconia crowns with different amounts of yttria‐stabilization. Sixty crowns (thirty super high translucent crowns (5Y‐Z) and thirty high translucent crowns (3Y‐Z)) were produced to fit a model of a premolar with a shallow chamfer preparation. The crowns were cemented with self‐adhesive resin cement on composite abutments. For each zirconia type, three groups of crowns (n = 10) were allocated to: (i) cyclic loading (200 N, 1 Hz, 30,000 cycles), (ii) hydrothermal aging (3 × 20 min, 134°C 3.2 bar), or (iii) no treatment (control). Surviving crowns from the aging process were quasistatically loaded until fracture. The 3Y‐Z crowns had statistically significantly higher fracture values (3,449 N) than the 5Y‐Z crowns (1,938 N). The aging procedures did not affect load at fracture. Fractographic analysis showed that fractures started either at the crown margin or at the occlusal intaglio area. Higher yttria content leads to a reduction in material strength and damage tolerance, and this should be reflected in recommendations for clinical use.
Defending, prospecting or reacting? Strategic management during cutbacks in the Dutch penitentiary sector
Authors: Schmidt Eduard , Van de Walle Steven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyse how public managers interact with external stakeholders during cutbacks. Relying on strategic management scholarship, we develop an argument on why public managers decide for a closed or an open cutback management strategy. In the former, they try to close off the process for external stakeholders, whereas, in the latter, they actively engage with external stakeholders. A multiple qualitative case study of cutbacks in the Dutch prison sector shows that the choice to actively engage with external stakeholders depends on public managers’ position within the organisational hierarchy, their perception of the stakeholder environment and their process goals. The factors that impact public managers strategic stance can be categorised as contextual, institutional and organisational and environmental determinants. The article contributes to the scholarship on cutback management, accounting and strategic management and shows why these perspectives should be bridged in order to understand managerial behaviour during cutbacks