bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma TCGA Mesenchymal and IGS 23 Tumors are Identifiable by IHC and have an Immune-phenotype Indicating a Potential Benefit from Immunotherapy
Authors: Carrato Cristina , Alameda Francesc , Esteve-Codina Anna , Pineda Estela , Arpí Oriol , Martinez-García Maria , Mallo Mar , Gut Marta , Lopez-Martos Raquel , Barco Sonia Del , Ribalta Teresa , Capellades Jaume , Puig Josep , Gallego Oscar , Mesia Carlos , Muñoz-Marmol Ana M , Archilla Ivan , Arumí Montserrat , Blanc Julie Marie , Bellosillo Beatriz , Menendez Silvia , Esteve Anna , Bagué Silvia , Hernandez Ainhoa , Craven-Bartle Jordi , Fuentes Rafael , Vidal Noemí , Aldecoa Iban , Iglesia Nuria de la , Balana Carmen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Molecular subtype classifications in glioblastoma may detect therapy sensitivities. IHC would potentially allow the identification of molecular subtypes in routine clinical practice.

Experimental Design:
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 124 uniformly treated, newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma were submitted to RNA sequencing, IHC, and immune-phenotyping to identify differences in molecular subtypes associated with treatment sensitivities.

Results:
We detected high molecular and IHC overlapping of the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mesenchymal subtype with instrinsic glioma subtypes (IGS) cluster 23 and of the TCGA classical subtype with IGS cluster 18. IHC patterns, gene fusion profiles, and immune-phenotypes varied across subtypes. IHC revealed that the TCGA classical subtype was identified by high expression of EGFR and low expression of PTEN, while the mesenchymal subtype was identified by low expression of SOX2 and high expression of two antibodies, SHC1 and TCIRG1, selected on the basis of RNA differential transcriptomic expression. The proneural subtype was identified by frequent positive IDH1 expression and high Olig2 and Ki67 expression. Immune-phenotyping showed that mesenchymal and IGS 23 tumors exhibited a higher positive effector cell score, a higher negative suppressor cell score, and lower levels of immune checkpoint molecules. The cell-type deconvolution analysis revealed that these tumors are highly enriched in M2 macrophages, resting memory CD4+ T cells, and activated dendritic cells, indicating that they may be ideal candidates for immunotherapy, especially with anti-M2 and/or dendritic cell vaccination.

Conclusions:
There is a subset of tumors, frequently classified as mesenchymal or IGS cluster 23, that may be identified with IHC and could well be optimal candidates for immunotherapy.
The Performance of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Brazil: The First Two Years of the Implementation Program in Barretos Cancer Hospital
Authors: Guimarães Denise Peixoto , Mantuan Larissa Andreoli , de Oliveira Marco Antonio , Junior Raphael Luiz , Costa Allini Mafra da , Rossi Silvana , Fava Gilberto , Taveira Leonardo Nogueira , Giardina Kelly Menezio , Talarico Thais , Costa Maraisa , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , Matsushita Marcus Medeiros , Véo Carlos Augusto , Fregnani Jose Humberto Tavares , Reis Rui Manuel , Hawk Ernest T. , Mauad Edmundo Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Brazil. Yet, a nationally organized colorectal screening program is not implemented. Barretos Cancer Hospital (BCH) is one of the largest Brazilian institution that cares for underserved patients. BCH developed a fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based organized colorectal cancer screening program to improve colorectal cancer outcomes.
This study aims to present the quality/performance measures of the first 2 years of the FIT-based colorectal cancer screening program and its impact on the colorectal cancer disease stage. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 6,737 individuals attending the Outpatient Department of Prevention or the Mobile Unit of BCH, which visits 18 cities of Barretos county, ages 50 to 65 years, were personally invited by a health agent/nurse practitioner. Exclusion criteria were personal history of colorectal cancer, adenomatous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy performed in the past 5 years. European Union (EU) guidelines for colorectal cancer screening programs were evaluated. Overall, 92.8% returned the FIT, with an inadequate examination rate of 1.5%. Among the 6,253 adequately tested, 12.5% had a positive result. The colonoscopy compliance and completion rates were 84.6 and 98.2%, respectively. The PPVs were 60.0%, 16.5%, and 5.6% for adenoma, advanced adenoma, and cancer, respectively. Stage distribution of screen-detected cancers shows earlier stages than clinically diagnosed colorectal cancer cancers reported at BCH and Brazilian cancer registries. Our colorectal cancer screening program achieved desirable quality metrics, aligned with the EU guidelines. The observed shift toward earlier colorectal cancer stages suggests an exciting opportunity to improve colorectal cancer–related cancers in Brazil.
Mortes no trabalho
Authors: Trunckle Yuri Franco , Okamoto Cristina Akemi , Sá Eduardo Costa 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Sabe-se que as estatísticas referentes aos indicadores gerais e específicos relacionados ao trabalho e à sua mortalidade são escassos, o que pode ser em decorrência da carência de computação destes dados, pois uma parcela grande de trabalhadores não se enquadra como segurados da previdência social e, portanto, não é incluída nas estatísticas. Este estudo visa a analisar as taxas de morte relacionada ao trabalho por ramo de atividade, verificando em que ramos a morte é mais prevalente de acordo com o CNAE (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas) e discutir acerca das possíveis causas correlacionadas. Objetivos: Analisar e discutir acerca das principais taxas de morte relacionadas ao trabalho por ramo de atividade, no âmbito previdenciário. Método: revisão literária na base de dados Scielo nos meses de outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2019 e análise do Anuário Estatístico de Acidentes do Trabalho de 2017. Resultados: obtém-se, para o ano de 2015, 3,9% de mortalidade. Em 2016, houve leve redução, com 3,7%. Dentre os CNAE com maior mortalidade, no ano de 2015, temos 1.071 (34 mortes), 4.120 (107 mortes), 4.711 (45 mortes), 4.744 (46 mortes), 4.930 (301 mortes), 8.011 (62 mortes). Conclusão: as mortes em decorrência do trabalho mostram maiores índices entre os ramos de Transporte Rodoviário, Construção Civil e Atividades de Vigilância, Segurança e Investigação. Fatores como violência no trânsito e urbana podem ser causas que contribuem diretamente para estes números.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group
Authors: Gooding Holly C. , Gidding Samuel S. , Moran Andrew E. , Redmond Nicole , Allen Norrina B. , Bacha Fida , Burns Trudy L. , Catov Janet M. , Grandner Michael A. , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Johnson Heather M. , Kiernan Michaela , Lewis Tené T. , Matthews Karen A. , Monaghan Maureen , Robinson Jennifer G. , Tate Deborah , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Spring Bonnie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates among young adults in the past 2 decades have been offset by increasing racial/ethnic and gender disparities, persistence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, overweight and obesity, and other CVD risk factors. To enhance the promotion of cardiovascular health among young adults 18 to 39 years old, the medical and broader public health community must understand the biological, interpersonal, and behavioral features of this life stage. Therefore, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with support from the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, convened a 2‐day workshop in Bethesda, Maryland, in September 2017 to identify research challenges and opportunities related to the cardiovascular health of young adults. The current generation of young adults live in an environment undergoing substantial economic, social, and technological transformations, differentiating them from prior research cohorts of young adults. Although the accumulation of clinical and behavioral risk factors for CVD begins early in life, and research suggests early risk is an important determinant of future events, few trials have studied prevention and treatment of CVD in participants <40 years old. Building an evidence base for CVD prevention in this population will require the engagement of young adults, who are often disconnected from the healthcare system and may not prioritize long‐term health. These changes demand a repositioning of existing evidence‐based treatments to accommodate new sociotechnical contexts. In this article, the authors review the recent literature and current research opportunities to advance the cardiovascular health of today's young adults.
Stones, Snowflakes, and Insect Eggs
Authors: Zorach Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper takes as its broad context the evolution of the place of geometry in ways of thinking about nature and art in early modern Europe. Considering a set of questions about how Nature creates geometric forms, particularly in minerals but also in other kinds of natural beings, the paper explores the concept of “figure” as it appears in Conrad Gessner’s De rerum fossilium, where figure appears as a broad category that cuts across abstract geometry, artifactual images, and shape appearing within natural entities. Gessner is placed within changing ideas about the role of geometry as an intellectual pursuit or, rather, a mechanical property of nature conceived as inanimate and rule-bound.
Rethinking the Course Syllabus: Considerations for Promoting Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
Authors: Fuentes Milton A. , Zelaya David G. , Madsen Joshua W. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are receiving considerable attention in higher education. Within psychology, the American Psychological Association has highlighted the importance of cultural diversity in both undergraduate and graduate curricula and charged educators with facilitating the development of cultural competence among learners. Statement of the Problem: Many resources have been developed to help promote EDI within higher education. The resources developed have mainly focused on the curricula and pedagogical approaches, yet the syllabus remains overlooked with few guidelines available to educators. Literature Review: We offer several considerations informed by theoretical frameworks and best practices in the discipline and suggestions for the successful implementation of EDI in the syllabus. Teaching Implications: This article provides a comprehensive and useful guide for developing a syllabus that assists with the integration of EDI, as the syllabus is the first opportunity for faculty to communicate their philosophy, expectations, requirements, and other course information. Conclusion: Infusing EDI in the syllabus is essential for promoting an inclusive learning environment and is conducive to establishing goals related to cultural competence.
The Aging Physician and Surgeon
Authors: Sataloff Robert T. , Hawkshaw Mary , Kutinsky Joshua , Maitz Edward A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:As the population of aging physicians increases, methods of assessing physicians’ cognitive function and predicting clinically significant changes in clinical performance become increasingly important. Although several approaches have been suggested, no evaluation system is accepted or utilized widely.Study Design:Literature was reviewed using Medline, PubMed and other sources. Articles discussing the problems of geriatric physicians were summarized, stressing publications that proposed methods of evaluation. Selected literature on evaluating aging pilots also was reviewed, and potential applications for physician evaluation were proposed. Neuropsychological cognitive test protocols were reviewed, and a reduced evaluation protocol was proposed for interdisciplinary longitudinal research.Results:Although there are several articles evaluating cognitive function in aging physicians and aging pilots, and although a few institutions have instituted cognitive evaluation, there are no longitudinal data assessing cognitive function in physicians over time, and correlating them with performance.Conclusion:Valid, reliable testing of cognitive function of physicians is needed. In order to understand its predictive value, physicians should be tested over time starting when they are young, and results should be correlated with physician performance. Early testing is needed to determine whether cognitive deficits are age-related or longstanding. A multi-institutional study over many years is proposed. Additional assessments of other factors, such as manual dexterity (perhaps using simulators) and physician frailty are recommended, but detailed discussion of these issues is beyond the scope of this article.
Quality of life and clinical results after endovascular sclerotherapy: A comparison between intra- and extramuscular low-flow venous malformations
Authors: Weitz-Tuoretmaa Annamaria , Keski-Nisula Leo , Rautio Riitta , Laranne Jussi 
Published: September 2020

Background Based on clinical observations we hypothesized that patients with intramuscular venous malformations (VMs) did worse or needed more sclerotherapy sessions than patients with extramuscular VMs. Purpose To evaluate the difference in treatment and quality of life (QOL) results after Polidocanol sclerotherapy of intra- and extramuscular low-flow VMs. Material and methods Forty-one patients with a VM were treated with Polidocanol in two university hospitals. The results were retrospectively analyzed. Pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were compared. All patients completed a self-evaluating form on symptoms as well as a QOL questionnaire. The results were compared between two groups: intra- and extramuscular VM’s. Results No statistically significant differences between intra- and extramuscular groups concerning QOL and specific dimensions pain, functional problems or cosmetic appearance were found. Radiological changes in MRI examinations did not correlate with any of the subjective symptoms. 56% of the patients benefitted from the treatment according to patient self-evaluation. Conclusion In this material intramuscular VM’s responded to the treatment comparably to extramuscular malformations. Post-treatment MRI findings do not correlate with subjective symptoms or QOL results and thus, a routine post-treatment examination seems to be unwarranted. Subjective symptoms and QOL results are the most important parameters in evaluating the effectiveness of sclerotherapy.
Public Health Interventions with Harms and Benefits: A Graphical Framework for Evaluating Tradeoffs
Authors: Pitt Allison L. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Brandeau Margaret L. 
Published: September 2020

Background Evaluations of public health interventions typically report benefits and harms aggregated over the population. However, benefits and harms are not always evenly distributed. Examining disaggregated outcomes enables decision makers to consider health benefits and harms accruing to both intended intervention recipients and others in the population. Methods We provide a graphical framework for categorizing and comparing public health interventions that examines the distribution of benefit and harm between and within population subgroups for a single intervention and compares distributions of harm and benefit for multiple interventions. We demonstrate the framework through a case study of a hypothetical increase in the price of meat (5%, 10%, 25%, or 50%) that, via elasticity of demand, reduces consumption and consequently reduces body mass index. We examine how inequalities in benefits and harms (measured by quality-adjusted life-years) are distributed across a population of white and black males and females. Results A 50% meat price increase would yield the greatest net benefit to the population. However, because of reduced consumption among low-weight individuals, black males would bear disproportionate harm relative to the benefit they receive. With increasing meat price, the distribution of harm relative to benefit becomes less “internal” to those receiving benefit and more “distributed” to those not receiving commensurate benefit. When we segment the population by sex only, this result does not hold. Conclusions Disaggregating harms and benefits to understand their differential impact on subgroups can strongly affect which decision alternative is deemed optimal, as can the approach to segmenting the population. Our framework provides a useful tool for illuminating key tradeoffs relevant to harm-averse decision makers and those concerned with both equity and efficiency.
Influence of muscle depth and thickness on ultrasound echo intensity of the vastus lateralis
Authors: Varanoske Alyssa N , Coker Nicholas A , Johnson Bri-Ana DI , Belity Tal , Wells Adam J 
Published: September 2020

Background Ultrasonography is used to evaluate muscle quality (i.e. echo intensity [EI]), but an attenuation of ultrasound waves occurs in deeper tissues, potentially affecting these measures. Purpose To determine whether muscle thickness (MT) affects EI and if EI varies between the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. Materials and Methods MT, EI, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT), tissue depth (DISDEEP), and EI of the overall (EIFULL) as well as deep (EIDEEP) and superficial (EISUPF) portions of the vastus lateralis (VL) were assessed in 33 resistance-trained males using ultrasonography. The difference (EIDIFF) between EISUPF and EIDEEP was calculated. Mean differences between EIFULL, EISUPF, and EIDEEP were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between measures of muscle depth/ thickness and EI were examined using Pearson’s r. Results EISUPF was greater than EIDEEP ( P < 0.001) and EIFULL ( P < 0.001). MT was negatively correlated with EIFULL ( P < 0.001) and positively correlated with EIDIFF ( P < 0.001). SAT was not correlated with any EI measure, but DISDEEP was positively correlated with EIDIFF ( P < 0.001). Conclusion EI of the VL is heterogeneous, as the deeper portion produces lower values than the superficial portion. Thicker muscles present lower EI but have greater discrepancies in EI between the superficial and deep portions. Although SAT was not correlated with EI, DISDEEP was related to EIDIFF, demonstrating that the combination of MT and SAT should be considered when evaluating muscle quality. Future research is necessary to determine if changes in EI following resistance training are driven by increases in MT.
Composition of “gold juice” using an ancient method based on intestinal microecology
Authors: Li Qiuwei , Guo Liying , Wang Li , Miao Jing , Cui Huantian , Li Li , Geng Kan , Zhao Licong , Sun Xiaoxue , Jia Jianwei , Bian Yuhong 
Published: September 2020

Objective To identify potentially effective bacterial components of gold juice, a traditional Chinese medicine treatment used for fecal microbiota transplantation. Methods Fecal samples were collected from five healthy children (two boys and three girls; mean age, 7.52 ± 2.31 years). The children had no history of antibiotic use or intestinal microecological preparation in the preceding 3 months. Fresh fecal samples were collected from children to prepare gold juice in mid-to-late November, in accordance with traditional Chinese medicine methods, then used within 7 days. Finally, 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used to identify potentially effective bacterial components of gold juice. QIIME software was used for comparisons of microbial species among gold juice, diluent, filtrate, and loess samples. Results Microflora of gold juice exhibited considerable changes following “ancient method” processing. Microbial components significantly differed between gold juice and filtrate samples. The gold juice analyzed in our study consisted of microbes that synthesize carbohydrates and amino acids by degrading substances, whereas the filtrate contained probiotic flora, Bacteroides, and Prevotella 9. Conclusions This study of microbial components in gold juice and filtrate provided evidence regarding effective bacterial components in gold juice, which may aid in clinical decisions concerning fecal microbiota transplantation.
The rostral to caudal gradient of clinical and electrophysiological features in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with bulbar-onset
Authors: Liao Song-Jie , Huang Zi , Lai Chong-Yuan , Chen Jing-Yan , Xiao Pei-Yao , Cai Qiong , Yu Jian 
Published: September 2020

Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with bulbar-onset (BO-ALS) tends to propagate to the adjacent anatomical regions symptomatically. However, the spreading pattern of clinical and electrophysiological features is not well documented. Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with sporadic BO-ALS. The clinical progression and electrophysiological data by electromyography examination were retrospectively analysed based on information from the medical records. Results The study enrolled 57 patients: 43 presented with contiguous (37 of 57) or non-contiguous (6 of 57) progression clinically; and 14 patients did not present with symptomatic propagation to other spinal segments. Lower motor neuron dysfunction was more frequently involved in the bulbar and cervical segments and less in the thoracic and lumbosacral segments. As a result, a small proportion of patients had intact thoracic paraspinal or leg muscles or both by electromyography examination. Furthermore, the patients with diagnostic latency ≤6 months showed a significantly lower incidence of neurogenic changes in the lumbosacral spinal cord compared with those with diagnostic latency > 6 months. Conclusion This current study demonstrated a relative rostral–caudal descending gradient of lower motor neuron dysfunction in patients with BO-ALS. These results suggest that follow-up EMG might be necessary for a proportion of patients.
Risk factors of infectious complications after retrograde intrarenal surgery: a retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Zhang Hua , Jiang Tao , Gao Rui , Chen Qin , Chen Weiwen , Liu Changyi , Mao Houping 
Published: September 2020

Objective Stone disease is one of the most common afflictions in modern society. Complications following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) vary considerably, and small-diameter ureteral access sheaths are reportedly significantly associated with rates of infectious complications following RIRS. This study aimed to explore additional risk factors for infectious complications after RIRS. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 602 patients who underwent RIRS between December 2016 and October 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. All flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy processes were conducted with patients under general anesthesia in the low lithotomy position. Postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was diagnosed; statistical analyses comprised two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way multivariate ANOVA. Results The incidence of infectious complications after RIRS was 7.14%. Operative time was an independent risk factor that increased the risk of infection. Stone size >2 cm was observed in 153 (27.37%) patients in the SIRS group and 29 patients (67.44%) in the non-SIRS group. Conclusions Findings in the literature suggest that early antibiotic treatment and active fluid therapy might lower the rate of infectious complications after RIRS. Our results indicate that extended operative time and increased stone size may be risk factors for infectious complications after RIRS.