bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Biologics and Janus Kinase Inhibitors With Inflammatory Bowel Disease as Paradoxical Reactions: A Real‐World Assessment
Authors: Zhan Zhi‐Qing , Li Jia‐Xin , Chen Ying‐Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveWith limited evidence connecting paradoxical inflammatory bowel disease (paradoxical IBD) to the newest biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, our study aims to investigate the occurrence of paradoxical IBD induced by these agents in treating other immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We aim to identify associated risk signals, the primary affected population, and the risk profile changes over time.MethodsWe performed disproportionality analysis to evaluate paradoxical IBD risk signals using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Stratification analyses according to IBD subtype, age, gender, and agents' indications were performed. Weibull shape parameter (WSP) test was conducted to assess paradoxical IBD risk changes over time. Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian Randomization were employed to evaluate genetic correlations and causality between these agents' indications (i.e., non‐IBD IMIDs) and IBD.ResultsThis study included 3296 patients reporting 3407 occurrences of paradoxical IBD following using these agents as primary suspects. Among TNF blockers, consistent positive signals for paradoxical IBD were noted: Adalimumab (n = 1983, ROR [95%CI] = 1.55 [1.47–1.63]), Infliximab (n = 545, ROR [95%CI] = 2.12 [1.95–2.32]), Certolizumab Pegol (n = 342, ROR [95%CI] = 1.9 [1.71–2.12]), and Golimumab (n = 154, ROR [95%CI] = 1.64 [1.4–1.93]). Ustekinumab, an IL‐12 and IL‐23 antagonist, also showed a strong positive signal (n = 155, ROR [95%CI] = 2.03 [1.73–2.39]). Conversely, Upadacitinib, Tofacitinib (Janus kinase inhibitors), and Risankizumab (IL‐23 antagonist) exhibited insignificant associations with paradoxical IBD. Crohn's disease (CD) is the mainly developing form. WSP analysis identified two temporal patterns of paradoxical IBD: early failure and random failure types. Significant genetic correlations between three IMIDs and IBD were uncovered, with psoriasis specifically found to causally elevate CD risk.ConclusionsThis study identifies paradoxical IBD as a consistent positive signal across multiple IMID agents, predominantly manifesting as CD, potentially aiding in timely detection and therapeutic decision‐making.
Primary soft palate canine transmissible venereal tumour in a neutered Siberian husky dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Hafezi Bahareh , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein , Salari Sedigh Hamideh , Rajabioun Masoud , Mohri Mehrdad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCanine transmissible venereal tumour is a type of neoplasm that can be transmitted through sexual contact in dogs. The occurrence of secondary oral canine transmissible venereal tumour is well documented in dogs; however, primary oral canine transmissible venereal tumour is uncommon. This report presents a rare case of a 2.5‐year‐old, neutered, male Siberian husky dog with an ulcerated mass on the soft palate that was undetected by clinical and radiological examinations, which was later diagnosed as a canine transmissible venereal tumour based on cytology without any genital manifestations. Chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate (5 weeks) resulted in complete recovery of the tumour without recurrence after 6 months. Based on our findings, we emphasise the importance of considering canine transmissible venereal tumour as a possible cause of extragenital masses even in neutered dogs.
Myxoedema coma in a dog with a cervical abscess
Authors: Geijo Kaila Dolores Tavío , L'Eplattenier Henry , del Solar Bravo Raquel , Isaya Rosaria , Díaz Aldara Eiras 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, female, neutered Staffordshire bull terrier was referred with a 2‐month history of a ventral cervical mass, a recent development of generalised skin swelling and a history of sad facial expression for the last 4 years. Clinical examination revealed generalised non‐pitting oedema and depressed mentation. A tentative diagnosis of myxoedema coma was made based on clinical findings and laboratory results. Treatment with oral levothyroxine was administered, and a marked reduction of the non‐pitting oedema was observed after 48 hours. Total T4 (<6 nmol/L; reference interval: 10–45) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (0.79 ng/mL; reference interval: 0.00–0.60) levels confirmed hypothyroidism. A migrating foreign body causing a cervical abscess was detected and removed by exploratory surgery. At 2‐month follow‐up, the clinical signs had resolved and total T4 levels were at the ideal level. This case emphasises the importance of early recognition and treatment of myxoedema in dogs presenting with non‐pitting oedema.
On the Correlation Between Large-Scale Structures in the Vicinity of Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface and Wall Pressure Within the Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Chen Langsheng , Ye Qingqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present work investigates the relation between large-scale coherent structures in the vicinity of turbulent/non-turbulent interface and corresponding pressure fluctuations within the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) close to the trailing edge of the NACA0012 airfoil. The planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted to capture the instantaneous velocity fields, with simultaneous wall-pressure fluctuation measurement obtained by miniature transducers. Based on the identifications of high amplitude pressure peaks (HAPPs) in the pressure signal, the corresponding simultaneous measured velocity fields are conditionally averaged, revealing the dominance of high-speed large-scale motions (LSMs). The simultaneously measured pressure fluctuations are conditionally extracted based on the occurrence of low- and high-speed LSMs. Results show that high-speed LSMs induce high-energy positive pressure fluctuations, especially when located upstream of the reference wall pressure transducer. The correlation analysis between various scale velocities acquired by empirical modal decomposition (EMD) and the reference pressure signal is conducted. It is demonstrated that upstream high-speed motions with sweeps accompanied by downstream low-speed motions with ejections are responsible for the positive pressure fluctuations, while the negative pressure fluctuations are attributed to the adverse arrangement. It is also observed that the sourced coherent structures of pressure fluctuations can expand outside the TBL, with significant momentum exchange across the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI).
Conditional Mean Velocity and Vorticity Fields in the Vicinity of the Turbulent/Turbulent Interface of a Planar Wake
Authors: Chen Jiangang , R. H. Buxton Oliver 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reports an experimental investigation of the spatial evolution of the conditionally-averaged velocity and vorticity fields in the vicinity of the turbulent/turbulent interface (TTI) in the planar wake of a circular cylinder. The wake was exposed to various turbulent backgrounds featuring different turbulence intensities and integral length scales. Combined simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were conducted at an inlet Reynolds number of 3800 to capture the velocity and vorticity fields close to the interface. The result implies that TTIs can establish two layers when the background turbulence is sufficiently intense, which distinguishes TTIs from the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). The two layers in TTIs have equal thickness of about 13 local Kolmogorov length scales, which is approximately equal to the thickness of the turbulent sublayer in a TNTI at sufficiently high Reynolds number and suggests that there is no viscous superlayer in TTIs.
Experimentally Detecting the Turbulent/ Non-turbulent Interface in Wall-Bounded Flows
Authors: Parikh Agastya , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn experimental studies of the turbulent/ non-turbulent interface (TNTI) of wall-bounded flows, a significant challenge is accurate detection of the interface in 2D and 3D. Detection criteria based on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and homogeneity of the flowfield have been applied to PIV measurements of TBLs [2, 15]. The use of local seeding (LS) as a passive tracer was also investigated to decouple TNTI detection from the reduced spatial resolution associated with velocimetric methods. This yielded the simple and robust particle image density detection method, which has good spatial resolution but lacks access to velocimetry in the potential flow [15]. With recent development of fluorescent DEHS and its application to tag the TBL, it is possible to obtain the entire flowfield in addition to segregating the flow into its turbulent and non-turbulent parts in air flows [8–10]. Finally, 3D reconstruction of the TNTI with imaging of the TBL at an oblique angle opens the door to more complex investigation and new insights of the interface [14].
Local Properties of the Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface
Authors: Er Sarp , Laval Jean-Philippe , Vassilicos Christos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effect of spatial resolution on local propagation velocity of the Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface (TNTI) is documented. A TNTI-local coordinate system and a Reynolds decomposition based on a TNTI-conditional averaging operation are introduced and used to assess the local velocity field and the mass and momentum balances at the TNTI layer. A clear jump of the TNTI-averaged Reynolds shear stress exists through the TNTI layer and the TNTI-averaged fluid velocity normal to the TNTI is determined by the correlation between the TNTI normal vector and the fluid velocity fluctuations around the TNTI-average fluid velocity. The TNTI-local fluid velocity field is compressive normal to the TNTI and stretching in the direction tangent to the TNTI, a structure that has important consequences.
Entrainment Mechanism Analysis of Oblique Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions
Authors: Meng Fanzhao , Han Wang , Yang Lijun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe interaction between shock waves and boundary layers impacts hypersonic vehicles’ aerodynamic structure, internal turbulent mixing, and combustion processes. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the hypersonic boundary layer have been performed to study the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) entrainment mechanism and the impact of shock waves. Two cases are analyzed with and without the shock-wave and boundary layer interaction. A novel approach is proposed to identify TNTI by integrating the vorticity threshold and fuzzy clustering method. To account for the influence of increasing Reynolds number in the flow direction on the vorticity threshold analysis, vorticity is normalized using the local boundary layer thickness and friction velocity. Two entrainment mechanisms are quantitatively described and compared using TNTI local entrainment velocity and the mass conservation equation. The results demonstrate that the entrainment process within the hypersonic boundary layer TNTI is predominantly governed by large-scale engulfment, and under the influence of shock waves, the dominance of large-scale ingestion is notably enhanced.
Effect of restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for laparoscopic gastric surgery on postoperative complications: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kusaka Yusuke , Ueno Takeshi , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Currently, laparoscopic surgery is a standard technique in the field of abdominal surgery. However, the most adequate fluid regimen during laparoscopic surgery remains unclear. The aim of this trial is to compare a restricted fluid therapy with a liberal fluid therapy for laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Our hypothesis was that restrictive fluid therapy would reduce postoperative complications better than liberal fluid therapy.

Method
In this randomized controlled trial, patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastric surgery were randomized to either the liberal group (receiving 7–10 ml/kg/h of crystalloid) or the restrictive group (receiving 1–2 ml/kg/h of crystalloid) for each stratum of surgical procedure from April 2017 to March 2019. For both groups, blood loss was replaced by an equal volume of hydroxyethyl starch. The primary endpoint was postoperative complications up to 30 days after surgery, according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results
We enrolled 148 patients, and 140 of these were randomized to either the liberal or the restrictive group after exclusion. As a result, 69 cases were included in the liberal group for analysis, and 67 patients composed the restrictive group. Median fluid administration for the liberal and restrictive groups was 2950 ml and 800 ml, respectively. As well, overall complications in the liberal and restrictive groups were 27.5% and 19.4%, respectively (risk ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.31, p value = 0.264).

Conclusion
Restricted fluid therapy and liberal fluid therapy did not show any statistical differences in postoperative complications after laparoscopic gastric surgery.
How do gender and age similarities with a potential social engineer influence one’s trust and willingness to take security risks?
Authors: Abuelezz Israa , Barhamgi Mahmoud , Alshakhsi Sameha , Yankouskaya Ala , Nhlabatsi Armstrong , Khan Khaled M. , Ali Raian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how age and gender similarity between individuals and potential social engineers affect the individuals’ trust and risk-taking behaviors. We crafted and face validated 16 personas, varying in demographics and visual cues, and inquired whether participants would agree to use each persona’s offer to connect to the internet via their personal mobile hotspot, as well as the degree of trust they placed in the persona’s intentions. Individuals were informed about the potential risks associated with using another person’s mobile hotspot and that the person offering can be, but not necessarily, malicious. Data from 635 participants (322 Arabs and 313 British) were collected through an online survey. Participants were categorized by gender into male and female groups, and by age into two groups: early adulthood (18–35 years) and middle adulthood (36–59 years). Our results showed a correlation between trust and offer acceptance across all participant groups except for British females in middle adulthood. Additionally, participants, regardless of their gender and age groups, exhibited greater trust and acceptance towards personas who were female or older. Arab sample did not indicate a significant gender preference in aged personas; however, the British early adulthood group displayed a significant inclination towards accepting the offer from aged female personas over aged male personas. While demographic similarity between the potential manipulator personas and participants did not significantly impact the participants trust and risk-taking, our study uncovered differences in trust and offer acceptance when both age and gender demographics were considered together, suggesting nuanced effects of demographic matching and mismatching on taking security risks. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating bias awareness and debiasing techniques to reduce high reliance on demographic or cultural stereotypes.
Hiking trails extending from high elevations aid further spread of alien plant species in subalpine and alpine zones
Authors: Koyama Asuka , Egawa Chika , Akasaka Munemitsu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hiking trails, as anthropogenic linear habitats in highly protected mountain areas, allow the spread of alien plant species. Here, we focused on hiking trails extending away from high-elevation ropeway termini in Japan and assessed whether alien plant species that invaded the termini (i.e., trail heads) have spread along the trails. We recorded alien plant species along hiking trails leading from ropeway termini on seven mountains and analyzed the plant characteristics that influence their occurrence. The number of alien plant species along the trails and the number of records of their occurrence were positively affected by the number of species around the trail heads, and were negatively affected by the elevation of the trail head. A species-level analysis indicated that the number of records of each species’ occurrence on trails was higher with the presence of each species around the trail head, with perennial life-span, and with a smaller seed mass. Our results show that hiking trails leading away from high-elevation ropeway termini can spread alien plant species up to a distance of ca. 700 m into alpine communities. This study provides evidence of the role of hiking trails in the spread of alien plant species into subalpine and alpine zones.
Prioritizing US Geological Survey science on salinization and salinity in candidate and selected priority river basins
Authors: Conaway Christopher H. , Baker Nancy T. , Brown Craig J. , Green Christopher T. , Kent Douglas B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The US Geological Survey (USGS) is selecting and prioritizing basins, known as Integrated Water Science basins, for monitoring and intensive study. Previous efforts to aid in this selection process include a scientifically defensible and quantitative assessment of basins facing human-caused water resource challenges (Van Metre et al. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(7), 458 2020). In the present work, we explore this ranking process based on water quality considerations, specifically salinity and salinization. We selected top candidate basins to study salinity and salinization issues in 18 hydrologic regions that include 163 candidate basins. Our prioritization is based on quantitative assessment of sources of salinity, drivers of change, and receptors that must respond to those sources and drivers. Source terms represented in the prioritization include geology, depth to brackish groundwater, stream conductivity, chloride in precipitation, urban and agricultural land use, application of road salt as a deicer, and irrigation. Drivers represented in prioritization include changes in chemical weathering as a result of changes in rainwater chemistry. Receptors include measures of water stress, measurements of stream ecological health, and socioeconomic factors. In addition, we present research activities for the USGS on salinity and salinization that can be pursued in these basins including assessment of sources, pathways, and loadings; predicting and understanding changes in sources, peaks, and trends; understanding the components of salinity and mobilization of contaminants; understanding the relationship between salinization and changing ecosystems; and developing knowledge on the causes and distribution of groundwater salinity, brackish water resources, and challenges related to desalination.
Optimizing separation: Utilizing Aspergillus oryzae for bioflocculation of marine Tetraselmis subcordiformis on agricultural residues
Authors: Tölle Marius , Kuenz Anja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroalgae are a promising source of high-quality nutrients for the growing population. They contain high concentrations of protein, unsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and antioxidants. However, conventional separation methods are too high in cost or cause contamination in the end product. Thus, fungal bioflocculation has gained traction as a promising separation method. This is a process in which microalgae adhere to mycelial surfaces. Problematically, previous studies often investigated the bioflocculation process via inedible and possibly harmful fungal species. In this study, the safe and edible fungus Aspergillus oryzae was investigated for the bioflocculation of marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis on the basis of agricultural residues. Fungal growth conditions were optimized to achieve a maximum separation of 99.5% and dry mass ratio (algal to fungal) of 0.48 g g−1. This efficacy was achieved with the fungal culture conditions of 25 °C, 75 rpm, 105 spores mL−1 and an addition of 800 mg L−1 urea. Additionally, field emission scanning electron microscopy and microscopy of thin sections of paraffin embedded biomass revealed that the mycelial structure played a critical role in microalgal separation. The nitrogen addition resulted in a denser mycelial network, aiding the capture of microalgal cells, thus enhancing bioflocculation. Overall, the above-described process was able to produce biomass suitable for human consumption while exclusively utilizing agricultural residues as media components. These findings open possibilities for scalable, cost-effective microalgae harvesting systems, which can be integrated into sustainable food production. Future research could focus on optimizing the system for other microalgal species and exploring industrial scale applications in food and feed sectors.
The Unintended Consequences of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
Authors: Mieszkowska Jowita 
Published: December 2024

On March 15, 2024, the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD or Directive) was adopted by the EU Council.1 This Directive represents the EU's first piece of mandatory due diligence legislation governing the responsibilities of companies for human rights due diligence and transition plans for climate mitigation. It also codifies the principle that “all businesses have a responsibility to respect human rights, which are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated.”2 The Directive broadly follows the framework of the non-binding UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) which first introduced the concept of human rights due diligence.3 The CSDDD requires that businesses incorporate human rights due diligence into policies,4 identifying, assessing, preventing, mitigating, and ending actual and potential adverse human rights impacts,5 remedying any impacts and monitoring the effectiveness of these processes.6 The Directive also introduces significant sanctions for non-compliance.7
A note on continuity and asymptotic consistency of measures of risk and variability
Authors: Gao Niushan , Xanthos Foivos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this short note, we show that every convex, order-bounded above functional on a Fréchet lattice is automatically continuous. This improves a result in Ruszczyński and Shapiro ((2006) Mathematics of Operations Research31(3), 433–452.) and applies to many deviation and variability measures. We also show that an order-continuous, law-invariant functional on an Orlicz space is strongly consistent everywhere, extending a result in Krätschmer et al. ((2017) Finance and Stochastics18(2), 271–295.).