bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documentation of en route mortality of summer chum salmon in the Koyukuk River, Alaska and its potential linkage to the heatwave of 2019
Authors: Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper documents a mass en route mortality event of adult summer chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) returning to the Koyukuk River, Alaska in the Yukon River basin. In response to reports from local communities, a small team of researchers (including the author) surveyed ca. 275 km of river on July 26 and 27, 2019 and counted 1,364 dead salmon. Although the total magnitude of mortality is unknown, counts from the survey certainly represent only a small fraction of the true number of fish that died. We sampled 73 carcasses to confirm death occurred prematurely prior to complete maturation and spawning, and to quantify sex and length. Visual inspection revealed a substantial fraction exhibited patterns of fungal growth consistent with secondary infections of skin lesions caused by the ubiquitous natural bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Water temperatures during the survey averaged 17.1°C and the water was approximately 85% saturated with oxygen (ca. 8.5 mg/L), which likely contributed to the stress for upstream migrants. Evidence suggests size‐selective en route mortality as female migrants that died were 2% and male migrants 5% shorter than individuals that survived to their spawning grounds on Henshaw Creek. This translates to very strong estimates of natural selection using standardized selection differentials, yet it is unclear whether selection acts on body size directly or indirectly through correlated phenotypic traits such as run timing. The mortality event likely underpins the below average returns of summer chum salmon to the Koyukuk River in 2019, suggesting an impact on spawner abundance. The future consequences of this, or potentially increasingly frequent, en route mortality events for population productivity and the extent to which genetic adaptation or adaptive phenotypic plasticity of migration behavior may facilitate persistence of these populations is unknown.
Sensing Legionella by photogate‐type fluorescence sensor
Authors: Tanaka Sawako , Choi Young Joon , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki , Ishii Hiromu , Machida Katsuyuki , Nikaido Yasuhiko , Saito Mitsumasa , Yoshida Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work describes the way of sensing bacteria, Legionella by photogate‐type fluorescence sensor. Photoirradiation time dependences of L. dumoffii with the UV‐photointensity as a parameter was obtained by the optical sensor. The photocurrents obtained by the sensor decreased depending on the irradiation time, showing the decay process of fluorescent material in Legionella cells. Initial decay rates were also found to vary with UV‐photointensity. These results indicate that the photogate‐type optical sensor can detect Legionella by using a simple combination of photochemical reaction rate constant and the excitation light intensity.
Within‐population variation in dietary traits: implications for vulnerability and impact of imperiled keystone predators
Authors: Ward‐Fear G. , Shine R. , Brown G. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin a population of apex predators, differences among individuals can influence both their ecological impact and their vulnerability to threatening processes. Our field studies on a large monitor lizard (Varanus panoptes) in the Australian wet–dry tropics show that diets shift seasonally and depend upon a lizard’s sex and body size. Individuals that had previously been recorded to consume frogs were most at risk following biological invasion by toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina), as were individuals with broad diets during the wet season. As a result, mortality of those individual predators likely reduced predation pressure on other taxa (invertebrates and reptiles) that were frequently consumed by the same lizards that ate frogs, but with less benefit for taxa (e.g., rodents) that were consumed by non‐anuran‐eating individuals within the predator population. In particular, individuals killed by cane toads often had consumed agamid lizards, a group whose abundance has been reported to increase due to toad‐induced mortality of V. panoptes. To understand the vulnerability of apex predators, or the ecological consequences of their extirpation, we need to incorporate the role of variation among individuals in critical ecological traits.
Influence of a curved conical turbulator on heat transfer augmentation in a helical double‐pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Hashemi Karouei Seyed H. , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rate of heat transfer in helical pipes is much more than straight pipes. In the present study, heat transfer and fluid flow in a double‐coil heat exchanger with an innovative swirl generator with a curved structure in the inner channel (hot side) are studied, numerically. The proposed turbulator has a curved structure and 12 blades to produce swirl flows. Also, two holes are considered at the semi‐conical part of the turbulator. The effects of geometrical parameters of the proposed turbulator including the inner radius of the turbulator and the radius of the turbulator's holes are evaluated. Results indicate that the maximum effectiveness belongs to the case with inner diameter of the turbulator and radius of turbulator' holes equal to 19 and 3.6 mm, respectively, at . Also, the generated swirl flows by the turbulator has a significant influence on heat transfer augmentation. Furthermore, a high inner radius of the turbulator leads to an increase in heat transfer rate and effectiveness, consequently. As a result, by increasing the inner radius of turbulator by 26.7%, the effectiveness rises by 80% (maximum at  = 0.008 kg/s). Increasing the radius of turbulator's hole by 133.34% leads to an growth in effectiveness of about 50% (maximum at  = 0.058 kg/s).
Experimental investigation on controlled cooling by coupling of thermoelectric and an air impinging jet for CPU
Authors: Belarbi Abdelillah Abed , Beriache M'hamed , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Mamat Rizalman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, experimental tests have been carried out on the coupling thermoelectric cooling module with minichannel heatsink subjected to impinging airflow for cooling desktop central processing unit (CPU). A controlled thermoelectric‐forced test system was designed for this purpose. This was designed using electronic Arduino card. The proposed hybrid cooling system was compared with the conventional forced air‐cooling technique. Three power of heat source (CPU) were adopted, investigated, and compared, namely 60, 87, and 95 W. Performance of controlled thermoelectric cooling with three preset temperature were experimentally examined. The effects of air velocity and thermoelectric input current on the case temperature (Tcase), thermal resistance, and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed. Results showed that the Tcase increases with the increase of its input power. In addition, increasing air jet velocity and thermoelectric input current improve CPU cooling significantly. For a CPU power of 95 W, the recorded Tcase temperature was 57°C with the conventional system. While it was maintained below 50°C in the hybrid system. The thermoelectric cooler has had a major effect on CPU cooling, having 15% improvement over conventional forced air‐cooling. However, this was accompanied by an increase in energy consumption in the range of 45 W.
Measurement of cartilage sub‐component distributions through the surface by Raman spectroscopy‐based multivariate analysis
Authors: Mason Daniel , Murugkar Sangeeta , Speirs Andrew D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage posesses unique material properties due to a complex depth‐dependent composition of sub‐components. Raman spectroscopy has proven valuable in quantifying this composition through cartilage cross‐sections. However, cross‐sectioning requires tissue destruction and is not practical in situ. In this work, Raman spectroscopy‐based multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was employed in porcine cartilage samples (n = 12) to measure collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and water distributions through the surface for the first time; these were compared against cross‐section standards. Through the surface Raman measurements proved reliable in predicting composition distribution up to a depth of approximately 0.5 mm. A fructose‐based optical clearing agent (OCA) was also used in an attempt to further improve depth of resolution of this measurement method. However, it did not; mainly due to a high‐spectral overlap with the Raman spectra of main cartilage sub‐components. This measurement technique potentially could be used in situ, to better understand the etiology of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA).
Galanin and neuropeptide Y interactions elicit antidepressant activity linked to neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus
Authors: Borroto‐Escuela Dasiel O. , Pita‐Rodriguez Mariana , Fores‐Pons Ramón , Barbancho Miguel A. , Fuxe Kjell , Narváez Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA need for new antidepressants is necessary since traditional antidepressants have several flaws. Neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y1 receptor (NPYY1R) and galanin (GAL) receptor 2 (GALR2) interact in several regions of the limbic system, including the hippocampus. The current study assesses the antidepressant effects induced by GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation, together with the evaluation of cell proliferation through 5‐Bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine expression within the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus (vDG). We employed in situ proximity ligation assay to manifest GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes. Additionally, the expression pattern of GALR2 and the activation of the extracellular‐regulated kinases (ERK) pathway after GALR2 and NPYY1R costimulation in cell cultures were examined. GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation resulted in sustained antidepressant behaviors in the FST after 24 h, linked to increased cell proliferation in the vDG. Moreover, an increased density of GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes was observed in vDG, on doublecortin‐expressing neuroblasts. Recruitment of the GALR2 expression to the plasma membrane was observed upon the coactivation of GALR2 and NPYY1R in cell cultures, presumably associated to the enhanced effects on the activation of ERK pathway. GALR2 may promote the GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes formation in the ventral hippocampus. It may induce a transformation of cell proliferation toward a neuronal lineage by enhancement of ERK pathway. Thus, it may give the mechanism for the antidepressant behavior observed. These results may provide the basis for the development of heterobivalent agonist pharmacophores, targeting GALR2/NPYY1R heteromers, especially in the neuronal precursor cells of the dentate gyrus in the ventral hippocampus for the novel treatment of depression.
Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in the observation of dentin‐adhesive interface
Authors: Ramić Bojana D. , Stojanac Igor Lj , Drobac Milan R. , Kantardžić Ivana R. , Maletin Aleksandra Z. , Cvjetićanin Milica T. , Otašević Katarina S. , Petrović Ljubomir M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was observation of the adhesive interface on original tooth samples, as well as their epoxy replicas, under SEM. A light‐cure flowable composite was incrementally placed and light‐polymerized in previously prepared cylindrical dentinal cavities on the buccal surfaces of extracted human third molars. After finishing procedures, impressions of the composite/dentin margin were made using polyvinylsiloxane in order to obtain accurate epoxy replicas for SEM analysis. Ultrastructural morphology of the adhesive surface was observed at high magnifications (≥1,000×) on original tooth samples, which were previously prepared to expose the part of the dentin surface, which participates in the formation of adhesive bond. SEM micrographs showed that marginal adaptation was mostly of acceptable quality. In some of the SEM micrographs of original tooth samples, marginal gap formation, and resin tag breakdown were noted, which were ascribed to polymerization shrinkage. Profound understanding of ultrastructural morphology is necessary for achieving more predictable and durable margin between composite restorations and surrounding tooth structures, and SEM analysis can serve that purpose.
Halfway to Technical Stereocomplex PLA Products—An Arduous Path to a Breakthrough
Authors: Tarkhanov Evgueni , Lehmann André , Menrath Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStereocomplexation of the biopolymer polylactic acid offers an excellent opportunity for the production of bio‐based products, which can be utilized in technical applications due to their thermal and mechanical properties. This article deals with the current prospects of cost‐efficient processing from the molten state while highlighting the scientific progress and the useful research approaches required to meet this goal.
Thermally Assisted Self‐Healing and Shape Memory Behavior of Diphenolic Acid‐Based Benzoxazines
Authors: Ručigaj Aleš , Ambrožič Rok , Krajnc Matjaž 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo diphenolic acid‐based benzoxazines are designed and crosslinked to form smart polymers with shape memory and self‐healing ability. Aliphatic molecules of stearylamine and jeffamine are selected with the intent to introduce network flexibility and mobility in the designed copolymer system. While stearylamine is incorporated to form a more rigid benzoxazine molecule (DaSa), aliphatic polyether molecule of jeffamine in benzoxazine (DaJa) allows system mobility. Prepared benzoxazine precursors are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and IR method, while thermomechanical properties are determined by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Glass transition temperature increases with the increasing proportion of the more rigid benzoxazine from stearylamine ranging from 6 to 104 °C. All prepared copolymers show promising self‐healing and shape memory abilities proved by fracture toughness and self‐deploy tests, respectively. The best results are reached at 50 and 60 wt% of DaSa benzoxazine (glass transition temperature being 83 and 84 °C) in the copolymer system with self‐healing ability of 50–60% in three consecutive cycles, shape fixity above 90%, and shape recovery over 90%. The synthesis chemicals such as diphenolic acid, jeffamine, stearylamine, and paraformaldehyde can be of a natural origin having a great potential to develop a bio‐based system.
Adhesive Joining of Zerodur–CFRP–Zerodur Sandwich Structures for Aerospace Applications
Authors: la Pierre des Ammbrois Stefano De , Corazzari Ingrid , Damiano Olivier , Cornillon Laurence , Terenzi Andrea , Casalegno Valentina , Ferraris Monica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA high performance adhesive is used to join Zerodur to a carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) honeycomb (HC) in a sandwich structure for aerospace applications. The main problem of finding an adhesive with suitable thermomechanical stability and ease of application for use in large components, together with a lower curing temperature than 160 °C, in order to avoid detrimental effects on the CFRPs is resolved. Two phenolic‐based and one cyanate ester‐based adhesives are considered. One phenolic‐based adhesive that is already proven effective in the joining of carbon/carbon composites (C/C) is used to join CFRP slabs and Zerodur–CFRP–Zerodur in a sandwich structure. Thermal analysis is conducted to characterize and compare the phenolic adhesive, cured at 150 °C and at 260 °C, with a cyanate ester‐based adhesive and a commercial phenolic‐based one. The phenolic adhesive cured at 150 °C results to be the most suitable joining material; the lap shear strength of the CFRP slabs joined at room temperature is measured after thermal cycling. Zerodur–CFRP–Zerodur sandwich structures, joined by the phenolic adhesive cured at 150 °C, are tested in tensile and lap shear modes.
A Mechanochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Rotaxane
Authors: Sandoval‐Torrientes Rafael , Carr ThomasR. , De Bo Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTensile forces influence a variety of important biological processes and force sensors are required to study these processes in vivo. Current force sensors are often tailor‐made for a specific application, or activate at much higher forces than those observed at the cellular or tissue level. A versatile force sensor, with tunable mechanical and optical properties, activated at low pN forces will be ideal. In this communication, a new mechanoresponsive fluorescent hydrogen‐bonded rotaxane, built around a maleimide dye, is reported. Its force‐sensing properties are demonstrated in a polyacrylamide gel, a synthetic model of living tissue.
Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias With Elevated Alpha‐Fetoprotein: Uncommon Diseases, Common Biomarker
Authors: Renaud Mathilde , Tranchant Christine , Koenig Michel , Anheim Mathieu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTalpha‐Fetoprotein (AFP) is a biomarker of several autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs), especially ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) type 2 (AOA2). More recently, slightly elevated AFP has been reported in AOA1 and AOA4. Interestingly, AOA1, AOA2, AOA4, and AT are overlapping ARCAs characterized by oculomotor apraxia, with oculocephalic dissociation, choreo‐dystonia, and/or axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, in addition to cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar atrophy. The genetic backgrounds in these disorders play central roles in nuclear maintenance through DNA repair [ATM (AT), APTX (AOA1), or PNKP (AOA4)] or RNA termination [SETX (AOA2)]. Partially discriminating thresholds of AFP have been proposed as a way to distinguish between ARCAs with elevated AFP. In these entities, elevated AFP may be an epiphenomenon as a result of liver transcriptional dysregulation. AFP is a simple and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of ARCA in performance and interpretation of next‐generation sequencing. Here, we evaluated clinical, laboratory, imaging, and molecular data of the group of ARCAs that share elevated AFP serum levels that have been described in the past two decades. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Management of Breast Cancer: Global Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rocco Nicola , Montagna Giacomo , Di Micco Rosa , Benson John , Criscitiello Carmen , Chen Li , Di Pace Bruno , Esgueva Colmenarejo Antonio Jesus , Harder Yves , Karakatsanis Andreas , Maglia Anna , Mele Marco , Nafissi Nahid , Ferreira Pedro Santos , Taher Wafa , Tejerina Antonio , Vinci Alessio , Nava Maurizio , Catanuto Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe is forcing surgical oncologists to change their daily practice. We sought to evaluate how breast surgeons are adapting their surgical activity to limit viral spread and spare hospital resources.MethodsA panel of 12 breast surgeons from the most affected regions of the world convened a virtual meeting on April 7, 2020, to discuss the changes in their local surgical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, a Web-based poll based was created to evaluate changes in surgical practice among breast surgeons from several countries.ResultsThe virtual meeting showed that distinct countries and regions were experiencing different phases of the pandemic. Surgical priority was given to patients with aggressive disease not candidate for primary systemic therapy, those with progressive disease under neoadjuvant systemic therapy, and patients who have finished neoadjuvant therapy. One hundred breast surgeons filled out the poll. The trend showed reductions in operating room schedules, indications for surgery, and consultations, with an increasingly restrictive approach to elective surgery with worsening of the pandemic.ConclusionThe COVID-19 emergency should not compromise treatment of a potentially lethal disease such as breast cancer. Our results reveal that physicians are instinctively reluctant to abandon conventional standards of care when possible. However, as the situation deteriorates, alternative strategies of de-escalation are being adopted.Implications for PracticeThis study aimed to characterize how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting breast cancer surgery and which strategies are being adopted to cope with the situation.
Prognostic Clinical and Radiographic Biomarkers for BRAF-Targeted Therapy in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Shah Kaustav P. , Song Haocan , Ye Fei , Johnson Douglas B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agents blocking BRAF and MEK produce robust responses in patients with BRAFV600-mutated melanoma; however, more accurate clinical biomarkers are needed to predict prognosis. To explore this question, we retrospectively studied 158 patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma treated with BRAF with or without MEK inhibitors. We found that the number of distinct tumor sites upon initiation of targeted therapy was associated with decreased progression-free survival but had no effect on overall survival. Serum values of lactate dehydrogenase and absolute lymphocyte count to absolute neutrophil count ratio independently had the strongest association with both progression-free survival and overall survival. Using both of these markers can help stratify prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma receiving targeted therapy.
No evidence of an extinction of experience or emotional disconnect from nature in urban Singapore
Authors: Oh Rachel Rui Ying , Fielding Kelly S. , Carrasco Román L. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is widely believed that people living in cities have fewer and poorer daily experiences of nature, and that this contributes to the biodiversity crisis on the basis that if people do not know nature, they will not care for its conservation. In 1978, Pyle coined the term ‘extinction of experience’ to reflect the loss of opportunities to experience nature as urbanization progresses.However, evidence of an emotional disconnect from nature arising from an extinction of experience remains poorly documented. Here we repeat a study conducted in 1996 comprising household surveys and bird surveys in a neighbourhood of Singapore, one of the world's most densely populated cities. We investigate empirically whether experiences of nature, opportunities to experience nature and the emotional connection between people and nature have changed across 22 years.We discover that emotional connection with nature has actually increased among greenspace users and non‐users, while the frequency and duration of greenspace visits remained unchanged. Among greenspace users, the number of different nature elements experienced also remained unchanged and more frequent users demonstrated a stronger emotional connection with nature. We further found an increase in opportunities to experience local nature, as measured by bird species richness and abundance.While we found no evidence for an extinction of experience or an emotional disconnect from nature in this particular setting and timeframe in urban Singapore, similar studies elsewhere are necessary to explore whether there may be geographical, cultural or temporal variations.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.