bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the south and east regions of Kazakhstan and northwestern China
Authors: Yang Yicheng , Tong Jin , Ruan Hongyin , Yang Meihua , Sang Chunli , Liu Gang , Hazihan Wurelihazi , Xu Bin , Hornok Sándor , Rizabek Kadyken , Gulzhan Kulmanova , Wang Yuan-Zhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Central Asia, ranks as the world’s largest landlocked country, and borders five countries including China. There is a 1783 km long borderline between the South and East regions of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR, northwestern China). To date, there is no report on the genetic diversity of ticks in these regions.
Methods
During 2015–2019, a total of 4392 hard ticks (representatives of ten species) were collected from 605 animals (sheep, cattle, camels, dogs and hedgehogs) at 24 sampling sites belonging to 15 districts in southeastern Kazakhstan. After morphological identification, 213 specimens of these ticks were selected for molecular analyses. In addition, 157 hard ticks collected from sheep and camels between 2015 and 2018 in seven districts of XUAR were used for comparison. Following DNA extraction, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, ranging from 631 bp to 889 bp, was used to analyze genetic diversity among these ticks.
Findings:
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that i) five tick species including Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis erinacei from Kazakhstan clustered together with conspecific ticks from XUAR; ii) the phylogenetic separation of Dermacentor marginatus from Kazakhstan and XUAR was highly supported; and iii) Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from Alamaty Oblast was more closely related to a specimen from Iran than to that from XUAR. The network diagram of haplotypes showed that iv) Hy. asiaticum from Almaty and Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan) together with that from Yuli County of XUAR constituted an ancestral haplogroup; and v) three lineages of Rh. turanicus (from Israel, Almaty and South Kazakhstan, as well as from Usu city, Ulugqat and Baicheng Counties of XUAR) might have originated from an ancestral lineage in Alataw city, XUAR.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that: (i) mitochondrial lineages of some tick species are shared between southern, eastern regions of Kazakhstan and northwestern China; (ii) common evolutionary origin of Hy. asiaticum and Rh. turanicus in these regions might be attributed to historical international trade and movements of wildlife; and (iii) certain tick species show clear differences between Kazakhstan and XUAR, either in terms of abundance (e.g. Hy. scupense, Hy. marginatum) or exhibiting a phylogenetic split between these regions (relevant to D. marginatus).
Trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Esayas Endashaw , Tufa Asefa , Massebo Fekadu , Ahemed Abdulhamid , Ibrahim Ibssa , Dillu Dereje , Bogale Eyuel Asemahegn , Yared Solomon , Deribe Kebede 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ethiopia has shown a notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the last two decades. Based on the progress, the country shifted from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A retrospective malaria data recorded from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed from Harari Region, eastern Ethiopia. In addition, three years malaria data were used to assess the sub-district ( kebele ) level stratification of malaria incidence.
Results: A total of 44,882 (46.9%) malaria cases were detected from 95,629 malaria-suspected outpatient diagnosed in Harari Region from 2013 to 2019. Of these, 41,046 were confirmed malaria cases (microscopically and rapid diagnostic test) while 3,836 were reported as clinical cases. In the region, malaria trend was fluctuating year to year, the high peak was reported in 2016 but malaria cases showed decreasing trend in number of malaria cases from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax and mixed infections were accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts, higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Jenella, Erer and Amir Nur districts, and about 80% of the cases were from these districts. According to the latest (2019) sub-district ( kebele ) level epidemiological data of malaria stratification, 8.3% of the sub-districts in the Harari region reported no malaria and a majority (61.1%) of sub-districts reported fewer than five cases per thousand population. Furthermore, there were no high malaria strata in the Region. The highest peak of malaria cases in the Region was reported from September to November followed by from April to May.
Conclusions: In the Harari Region, the retrospective malaria data showed a significant declining trend. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible.
Key words: Elimination, Harari region, Ethiopia, Incidence, Malaria, Sub-district, Stratification
Knowledge, Risk Factors and Practices about Bed bugs in Rural Eastern Tanzania
Authors: Mnyone Ladslaus , Massawe Osyth Silvester 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence-based strategies are needed to counter the increasing problem of bed bug infestations. We assessed community knowledge, risk factors and practices on bed bugs because they are essential for enhancing community commitment to control efforts.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive social survey using structured questionnaire and direct observations in selected villages of Morogoro Rural District, Eastern Tanzania.
Results: Total of 260 respondents participated, 53.08% (138/260) females and 46.92% (122/260) males; and majority had primary education (68%, 177/260). Majority were aware of at least one control measure against bed bugs including chemical insecticides, washing bedclothes and sunlight. Insecticides were considered the most powerful measure (Mkuyuni 81.82%, 27/33; Mfumbwe 44.82%, 26/58; Changa 34.91%, 59/169). Majority were able to identify bed bugs (Mfumbwe 87.93%, 51/58, Changa 63.31%, 107/169; Mkuyuni 51.52%, 17/33). Over 95% of respondents were aware that bed bugs reproduce by laying eggs and could identify them. Considerable proportion was aware of certain effects of bed bugs (Mkuyuni 75.76%, 25/33; Changa 53.87%, 91/169; Mfumbwe 46.55%, 27/58). Over 60% (156/260) of households presented several risk features and main ones were cracks on walls (85.75%, 223/260) and floors (92.50%, 241/260), not sleeping on beds (88.09%, 229/260), dusty floors (92.05%, 239/260) and hiding spaces on beds (71.25%, 185/260). Households controlling bed bugs ranged from 41.38% to 45.45%, with up to 100% of those using insecticides. Majority indicated controlling other household pests (Changa 69.23%, 117/169; Mfumbwe 63.79%, 37/58; Mkuyuni 63.64%, 21/33) mainly through insecticides and improved sanitation. The frequency of applying insecticides varied significantly; up to 67.52% of respondents reported periods >1 and ≤4 years.
Conclusions: Majority of households in the study communities are in high risk of bed bug infestation. Over 60% of them presented multiple risk features and main ones were cracks on walls/floors, dusty floors, not sleeping on beds, and hiding spaces on beds. Insecticides were the most commonly known/used control measure. Insecticide applications were done without professional guidance and on irregular frequencies thus exposing study communities to high risk of insecticide resistance.
Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis using Decision Tree Algorithms
Authors: Ilyas Hamida , Ali Sajid , Ponum Mahvish , Hasan Osman , Mahmood Muhammad Tahir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), i.e., gradual decrease in the renal function spanning over a duration of several months to years without any major symptoms, is a life-threatening disease. It progresses in six stages according to the severity level. It is categorized into various stages based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which in turn utilizes several attributes, like age, sex, race and Serum Creatinine. Among multiple available models for estimating GFR value, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), which is a linear model, has been found to be quite efficient because it allows detecting all CKD stages i.e., early stage to the last stage of kidney failure. Early detection and cure of CKD is extremely desirable as it can lead to the prevention of unwanted consequences. Machine learning are being extensively advocated for early detection of symptoms and diagnosis of several diseases recently. With the same motivation, the aim of this study is to predict the various stages of CKD using machine learning classification algorithms on the dataset obtained from the medical records of affected people. In particular, we have used the Random Forest and J48 algorithms to obtain a sustainable and practicable model to detect various stages of CKD with comprehensive medical accuracy. Comparative analysis of the results revealed that J48 predicted CKD in all stages better than random forest with a 85.5% accuracy. The study also showed that J48 shows improved performance over Random Forest, so, it may be used to build an automated system for the detection of severity of CKD.
Effects Of Acute Metformin Intake On Physiological Parameters And Performance Before, During And After High-intensity Interval Training Of Swimmers
Authors: Norberto Matheus Silva , ARRUDA TARINE BOTTA DE , ANDRADE VITOR LUIS DE , CURSIOL JONATAS AUGUSTO , ARAUJO GUSTAVO GOMES DE , PAPOTI MARCELO 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metformin has shown potential to improve metabolic efficiency in short-intense efforts, prolonged-continuous efforts and recovery after supramaximal effort (i.e., phosphocreatine resynthesis). Metformin administration may be beneficial for high-intensity interval training session. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute metformin administration effects on performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate, blood glucose and neuromuscular parameters related to a swimming series of high-intensity.METHODS: A double-blind, cross-over, randomized and placebo-controlled study was carried out. Seven healthy swimmers ingested MET (500mg) or placebo capsule on different days and performed a typical glycolytic session of high-intensity (i.e., lactate production objective). Bout time, RPE, neuromuscular parameters, blood lactate and glucose were analyzed. Cohen’s d analysis with inference based on magnitude was adopted (confidence interval set at 90%).RESULTS: There was an improvement in the performance of the second effort (72/28/0). Blood glucose during the series presented possible effects for decrease (96/3/1, 78/21/0, 93/6/1 after the 4th, 6th and 8th effort respectively) followed by a possible increase effect at the end of the series (1/6/93).Blood lactate showed a similar behavior of a possible decrease during the series (94/5/1, 60/40/0, 90/9/1 after the 4th, 6th and 8th effort respectively), followed by a possible increase effect at the end of the series (1/5/94). It was evidenced a possible increase effect on voluntary activation for lower limbs (91/8/1) without characterization of central and peripheral fatigue.CONCLUSION: Metformin alters physiological parameters during and after maximal intermittent efforts in swimming without enhancement on performance.
Sternal Reconstruction Using Locked Compression Plates (LCP): Our Experience in Egypt, A Case Series
Authors: Hosny Kareem , MA Nady , Ayyad Mohammed A.K Salama 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Sternal fractures are rare accounting for about 3-8% of traumatic chest. There are many lines of treatments for sternal fractures which can be classified as conservative or surgical. Surgical techniques include wire fixation and sternal plating. There are no standardization of indications for each line of management.We explore if sternal reconstruction using locking titanium plates and self-tapping screws provide the patient with the best chance of proper sternal healing avoiding chronic pain and its complications and allow the patient early mobilization and rapid restoring of his normal life at its maximumMethods: Our inclusion criteria are patients of both gender from 20-60 years of age presented with traumatic sternal fracture at any site or pathological fracture due to metastatic or primary tumors infiltrating the sternum. High Associated Injury Scale scores were excluded. Exclusion criteria also included patients younger than 20 years or older than 60 years. Primary outcome is post-operative pain score and is measured using numerical pain scale ranging from zero to 10 where zero means there is no pain at all and ten is the worst imaginable pain ever. Results: Sternal reconstruction using titanium plates has proven to be an efficient method of stabilization with tremendous immediate relief of pain showed by the differences between pre-operative and post-operative pain scale scores in our patients (n=5) with Median scores being 7 and 1.5 with range being from 7 to 9 and 1 to 3 respectively (p-value= .039). Operative time range between 150 minutes and 90 minutes with median of 120 minutes. Extubation of patients was smooth with no events with median time of extubation being 120 minutes. From our experience, there were no observed wound complications except at the third patient who suffered a small wound hematoma that was resolved by gentle compressing only and needed no further intervention. Conclusion: We recommend adopting sternal reconstruction using titanium plating systems more readily encouraging even larger clinical trials on the way to a clear guidelines. Plating systems show promising results with least pain, better stability, less complications and rapid, smooth recoveryTrial Registration: NCT04092374
Using Social Media and Technology to Communicate in Pediatric HIV Research: Qualitative Study With Young Adults Living With or Exposed to Perinatal HIV
Authors: Berman Claire A , Kacanek Deborah , Nichamin Mindy , Wilson Dominique , Davtyan Mariam , Salomon Liz , Patel Kunjal , Reznick Megan , Tassiopoulos Katherine , Lee Sonia , Bauermeister Jose , Paul Mary , Aldape Theresa , Seage III George R 
Published: June 2020

Background
As young adults living with perinatal HIV (PHIV) or perinatal HIV exposure but uninfected (PHEU) grow older and manage the challenges and competing demands of young adulthood, new approaches are needed to facilitate their retention in longitudinal research and clinical care beyond in-person clinic visits. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerged in the United States in January 2020 and has underscored this need; studies are adapting to remote communication with and data collection from participants. However, there are limited data on communication preferences among young adults who are living with PHIV or PHEU.

Objective
The objectives of this qualitative study were to describe participants’ perceptions and use of social media and technology in their personal lives and in the context of participating in longitudinal pediatric HIV research and to describe the implications of the use of technology and social media for communication and retention purposes within a longitudinal pediatric study about HIV.

Methods
We conducted 6 focus group discussions with 31 young adults living with PHIV and 13 in-depth interviews with 6 young adults living with PHIV and 7 living with PHEU. We asked about their preferences for the use of social media and digital technology in the Adolescent Master Protocol, a US-based longitudinal cohort study of youth affected by HIV.

Results
Participants’ willingness to use social media platforms, telephone calls, SMS text messages, and video calls within the context of HIV research varied due to fears of HIV stigma and inadvertent disclosure. However, trusting relationships with clinical staff positively impacted their willingness to use these platforms.

Conclusions
Our findings offer insight into how pediatric studies and clinics can communicate with participants as they age, even as new technologies and social media platforms emerge and replace old ones. For optimal retention, pediatric clinical staff should consider communication approaches offering flexible and tailored options for young adults participating in HIV research.
Natural Moisturizer Based Formulation of Green Leaf Jelly (Cyclea Barbata Miers) with Bengkoang Addition (Pachyrhizus Erosus)
Authors: Ilham Muhammad , Harismah Kun 
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed to know the use of green grass as a healthy alternative in preventing the occurrence of diseases caused by carcinogens and related to skincare. Sun exposure can cause various problems, especially on the skin, such as dry skin. Natural moisturizers can be the solution. Formulations of green grass jelly and bengkoang leaves can be an alternative use of natural moisturizers. One of the ingredients in green grass jelly leaves is the content of polyphenols and flavonoids contained in green grass jelly leaves can function as antioxidants. The research uses a draft of 2-Factor complete randomized design (RAL) type by using 4 treatment variations of green grass jelly formula (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; and 10%) + Bengkoang (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%) and treatment of formulations without green grass. The results of the study are moisturizer based on green grass with the addition of bengkoang that has been made to meet the pH standard. Based on SNI-16-4399-1996, all samples that have been made meet the existing standards and the formulation samples that comply with the standard are F (D), ie green grass jelly concentration of 2.5% and Bengkong 5%
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP MENGENAL NASABAH PADA BANK ACEH SYARIAH BANDA ACEH
Authors: Husnawati Husnawati 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to identify the systems and procedures that is applied at Bank Aceh Syariah (BAS) Banda Aceh in knowing of its customers. In specific, it aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of Knowing Your Customer (KYC) Principle at BAS. This study employs both primary and secondary data which was obtained through field and library research. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results show that in knowing its customers, BAS Banda Aceh taken several steps of customer identification includes the identity check, occupation, source of funds, and the purpose of the use of funds. The implementation of the KYC principle in BAS Banda Aceh has effectively overcome and prevented the banking crimes such as money laundering. The implementation of the principle is intended to embolden the implementation of prudential principles in order to reduce business risks such as operational risk, legal risk, concentration risk, and reputational risk.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sistem dan prosedur yang diterapkan Bank Aceh Syariah (BAS) Banda Aceh dalam mengenal nasabah. Secara khusus, penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas penerapan Prinsip Mengenal Nasabah pada BAS. Data untuk penelitian ini bersumber dari data primer melalui kajian lapangan, dan data sekunder melalui kajian kepustakaan. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa sistem dan prosedur yang diterapkan BAS Banda Aceh dalam mengenal nasabah yaitu identifikasi calon nasabah yang meliputi identitas, pekerjaan, sumber dana dan tujuan penggunaan dana yang dilengkapi dokumen pendukung. Penerapan Prinsip Mengenal Nasabah (Know Your Customer Principle) pada BAS Banda Aceh efektif dalam mengatasi kejahatan-kejahatan dalam dunia perbankan seperti pencucian uang. Penerapan prinsip tersebut dimaksudkan agar mendorong terselenggaranya prinsip kehati-hatian dalam rangka mengurangi risiko usaha yang dihadapi bank dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha yaitu operational risk, legal risk, concentration risk, dan reputational risk.
ANALISIS TINDAKAN PERATAAN LABA DALAM MERAIH KEUNTUNGAN PERUSAHAAN DITINJAU MENURUT ETIKA EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: HS Nasrullah , Fuad Zaki , Yusuf Muhammad Yasir 
Published: June 2020

Ethical perspective is an important matter in managing a business as it uses to synchronize the business interest and morality concept. The objective of this article is to understand the ethical perspective of Islamic economics on income smoothing practices within companies in order to increase benefit. This study employs descriptive-comparative method with a causal-comparative approach as an analysis tool. Data was gathered through literature searching of related sources. The findings show that income smoothing practices are categorized as dysfunctional behavior in the context Islamic economics ethical system. These practices violate the basic objective of Shariah as they involve tadlis and gharar. Information regarding the transaction conducted in these practices is not revealed to all involved parties.
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Perspektif etika sangat penting dalam suatu perusahaan karena merupakan cara untuk menyelaraskan kepentingan strategis suatu bisnis perusahaan dengan tuntutan moralitas. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memahami tinjauan etika ekonomi Islam mengenai tindakan perataan laba yang dilakukan perusahaan untuk meraih keuntungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan kausal komparatif. Data untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari sumber literatur yang berkaitan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tindakan perataan laba merupakan tindakan penyimpangan dalam tataran etika ekonomi Islam. Tindakan ini melanggar konsep maqashid syariah karena mengandung unsur penipuan (tadlis) dan ketidakjelasan (gharar). Informasi berkaitan dengan transaksi yang dilakukan dalam tindakan perataan laba tidak semua diketahui oleh pihak-pihak yang terlibat.