bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Policy in the 21st Century
Authors: Chang Ha‐Joon , Andreoni Antonio 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIndustrial policy is back at the centre stage of policy debate, while the world is undergoing dramatic transformations. This article contributes to the debate by developing a new theory of industrial policy, incorporating some issues that have been neglected so far and taking into account the recent changes in economic reality. The authors explore how the incorporation of some of the neglected issues — commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management — changes the theory. They then examine how the theory of industrial policy should be modified in light of recent changes in economic reality: the rise of the global value chain, financialization and new imperialism. This contribution aims at promoting a pragmatic approach to industrial policy and pointing to new areas for policy intervention in a changing world.
Rivaroxaban versus apixaban in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients with end‐stage renal disease or receiving dialysis
Authors: Miao Benjamin , Sood Nitesh , Bunz Thomas J. , Coleman Craig I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban vs apixaban in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or receiving dialysis in routine practice.MethodsUsing US MarketScan claims data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, we identified new‐users of rivaroxaban or apixaban during 2015 with at least 12 months of insurance coverage prior to oral anticoagulant (OAC) initiation. Differences in baseline covariates between cohorts were adjusted using inverse probability‐of‐treatment weighting based on propensity scores. Patients were followed for stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) or major bleeding hospitalizations. Cox proportion hazards regression was used to compare rivaroxaban and apixaban. Analyses stratified by age, sex, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, prior stroke, prior bleed, diabetes, and reduced OAC dose were performed.ResultsWe identified 787 rivaroxaban and 1836 apixaban users. Median (25, 75% range) age = 70 (61, 79), CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 3 (2, 4), and follow‐up = 0.87 (0.38, 1.56) years. No differences in the risks of SSE (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.53‐2.63), ischemic stroke (HR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.45‐2.76), or major bleeding (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.63‐1.58) were observed. No significant interactions were observed upon subgroup analysis.ConclusionIn NVAF patients with ESRD and/or receiving dialysis, rivaroxaban and apixaban were associated with similar risks of SSE and major bleeding.
Differential genetic risk for methamphetamine intake confers differential sensitivity to the temperature‐altering effects of other addictive drugs
Authors: Mootz John R. K. , Miner Nicholas B. , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMice selectively bred for high methamphetamine (MA) drinking (MAHDR), compared with mice bred for low MA drinking (MALDR), exhibit greater sensitivity to MA reward and insensitivity to aversive and hypothermic effects of MA. Previous work identified the trace amine‐associated receptor 1 gene (Taar1) as a quantitative trait gene for MA intake that also impacts thermal response to MA. All MAHDR mice are homozygous for the mutant Taar1
m1J allele, whereas all MALDR mice possess at least one copy of the reference Taar1
+ allele. To determine if their differential sensitivity to MA‐induced hypothermia extends to drugs of similar and different classes, we examined sensitivity to the hypothermic effect of the stimulant cocaine, the amphetamine‐like substance 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and the opioid morphine in these lines. The lines did not differ in thermal response to cocaine, only MALDR mice exhibited a hypothermic response to MDMA, and MAHDR mice were more sensitive to the hypothermic effect of morphine than MALDR mice. We speculated that the μ‐opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) impacts morphine response, and genotyped the mice tested for morphine‐induced hypothermia. We report genetic linkage between Taar1 and Oprm1; MAHDR mice more often inherit the Oprm1
D2 allele and MALDR mice more often inherit the Oprm1
B6 allele. Data from a family of recombinant inbred mouse strains support the influence of Oprm1 genotype, but not Taar1 genotype, on thermal response to morphine. These results nominate Oprm1 as a genetic risk factor for morphine‐induced hypothermia, and provide additional evidence for a connection between drug preference and drug thermal response.
Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony
Authors: Ren Ping , Néron Valérie , Rossi Sergio , Liang Eryuan , Bouchard Mathieu , Deslauriers Annie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate change is altering phenology; however, the magnitude of this change varies among taxa. Compared with phenological mismatch between plants and herbivores, synchronization due to climate has been less explored, despite its potential implications for trophic interactions. The earlier budburst induced by defoliation is a phenological strategy for plants against herbivores. Here, we tested whether warming can counteract defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony. We compared the larval phenology of spruce budworm and budburst in balsam fir, black spruce, and white spruce saplings subjected to defoliation in a controlled environment at temperatures of 12, 17, and 22°C. Budburst in defoliated saplings occurred 6–24 days earlier than in the controls, thus mismatching needle development from larval feeding. This mismatch decreased to only 3–7 days, however, when temperatures warmed by 5 and 10°C, leading to a resynchronization of the host with spruce budworm larvae. The increasing synchrony under warming counteracts the defoliation‐induced mismatch, disrupting trophic interactions and energy flow between forest ecosystem and insect populations. Our results suggest that the predicted warming may improve food quality and provide better growth conditions for larval development, thus promoting longer or more intense insect outbreaks in the future.
The insulin‐PI3K‐Rac1 axis contributes to terminal adipocyte differentiation through regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics
Authors: Kunitomi Haruko , Oki Yoshinao , Onishi Nobuyuki , Kano Koichiro , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke , Saya Hideyuki , Nobusue Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdipocyte differentiation is accompanied by a pronounced change in the actin cytoskeleton characterized by the reorganization of filamentous (F)‐actin stress fibers into cortical F‐actin structures. We previously showed that depolymerization of F‐actin stress fibers induced by inactivation of RhoA–ROCK (Rho‐associated kinase) signaling acts as a trigger for adipocyte differentiation. The relevance and underlying mechanism of the formation of cortical F‐actin structures from depolymerized actin during adipocyte differentiation have remained unclear, however. We have now examined the mechanistic relation between actin dynamics and adipogenic induction. Transient exposure to the actin‐depolymerizing agent latrunculin A (LatA) supported the formation of adipocyte‐associated cortical actin structures and the completion of terminal adipocyte differentiation in the presence of insulin, whereas long‐term exposure to LatA prevented such actin reorganization as well as terminal adipogenesis. Moreover, these effects of insulin were prevented by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)–Rac1 signaling and the actin‐related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex which is a critical component of the cortical actin networks. Our findings thus suggest that the insulin‐PI3K‐Rac1 axis leads to the formation of adipocyte‐associated cortical actin structures which is essential for the completion of adipocyte differentiation.
A Single Packer Method for Characterizing Water Contributing Fractures in Crystalline Bedrock Wells
Authors: Flahive Neil A. , Robbins Gary A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWater levels and water quality of open borehole wells in fractured bedrock are flow‐weighted averages that are a function of the hydraulic heads and transmissivities of water contributing fractures, properties that are rarely known. Without such knowledge using water levels and water quality data from fractured bedrock wells to assess groundwater flow and contaminant conditions can be highly misleading. This study demonstrates a cost‐effective single packer method to determine the hydraulic heads and transmissivities of water contributing fracture zones in crystalline bedrock wells. The method entails inflating a pipe plug to isolate sections of an open borehole at different depths and monitoring changes in the water level with time. At each depth, the change in water level with time was used to determine the sum of fracture transmissivities above the packer and then to solve for individual fracture transmissivity. Steady‐state wellbore heads along with the transmissivities were used to determine individual fracture heads using the weighted average head equation. The method was tested in five wells in crystalline bedrock located at the University of Connecticut in Storrs. The single packer head and transmissivity results were found to agree closely with those determined using conventional logging methods and the dissolved oxygen alteration method. The method appears to be a simple and cost‐effective alternative in obtaining important information on flow conditions in fractured crystalline bedrock wells.
Open‐cell porous sound‐absorbing ceramics prepared by a new procedure that combines foamed and templated methods
Authors: Tian Yongshang , Tang Yitian , Wang Jinshuang , Zhang Ruirui , Yan Xinyue , Peng Guiyu , Fang Linxia , Jing Qiangshan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow‐grade nonmetal ore, mainly magmatic soil and tuff, was used to prepare porous sound‐absorbing ceramics. A new processing method that combines the foaming and templating methods was used to produce open‐cell porous ceramics. Silicon carbide and carbon powders were used as the foaming agent and template agent, respectively, and their effects on open‐cell preparation and sound‐absorption properties were also investigated. The results showed that sound‐absorption performance was closely related to the apparent porosity (H). Compared with either foaming or template methods, the new method incorporating both processes increased the sound‐absorption coefficient (α) and H by 51%‐258% and 69%‐728%, respectively. Optimum sound absorption of the ceramics, that is, α = 0.68, noise reduction coefficient (NRC) = 0.48, and H = 50.22%, were obtained at foaming agent contents (FACs) of 1.5 wt% and template agent contents (TACs) of 4 wt%. The Delany‐Bazley and Voronina models were selected to simulate the sound‐absorption coefficients and the latter one fitted well with our experimental results.
Reduced and Earlier Snowmelt Runoff Impacts Traditional Irrigation Systems
Authors: Bai Yining , Fernald Alexander , Tidwell Vincent , Gunda Thushara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeasonal runoff from montane uplands is crucial for plant growth in agricultural communities of northern New Mexico. These communities typically employ traditional irrigation systems, called acequias, which rely mainly upon spring snowmelt runoff for irrigation. The trend of the past few decades is an increase in temperature, reduced snow pack, and earlier runoff from snowmelt across much of the western United States. In order to predict the potential impacts of changes in future climate a system dynamics model was constructed to simulate the surface water supplies in a montane upland watershed of a small irrigated community in northern New Mexico through the rest of the 21st century. End‐term simulations of representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 suggest that runoff during the months of April to August could be reduced by 22% and 56%, respectively. End‐term simulations also displayed a shift in the beginning and peak of snowmelt runoff by up to one month earlier than current conditions. Results suggest that rising temperatures will drive reduced runoff in irrigation season and earlier snowmelt runoff in the dry season towards the end of the 21st century. Modeled results suggest that climate change leads to runoff scheme shift and increased frequency of drought; due to the uncontemporaneous of irrigation season and runoff scheme, water shortage will increase. Potential impacts of climate change scenarios and mitigation strategies should be further investigated to ensure the resilience of traditional agricultural communities in New Mexico and similar regions.
A Survey of Perceptions and Attitudes about Water Issues in Oklahoma: A Comparative Study
Authors: Eck Christopher J. , Wagner Kevin L. , Chapagain Binod , Joshi Omkar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding people’s perceptions of the environment, drinking water issues, and protecting and preserving water resources is of great importance. This study aims to assess and compare the perceptions of the general public (n= 414), post‐secondary students (n= 103), and water professionals (n= 104) in Oklahoma on water issues in the state. To address these goals, a 53‐item paper questionnaire was first administered to a randomly sampled mailing list of Oklahoma residents. As a follow up to the initial survey, post‐secondary students at Oklahoma State University were sampled in addition to Oklahoma water professionals at regional conferences. Respondents ranged from 18 to over 65 years old, with all three demographics agreeing the top water priority to be clean drinking water. The majority were satisfied with their home water supply and felt it was safe to drink, while they were not sure of the quality of ground and/or surface water. Age was a key factor in information delivery and learning preferences as the older participants favored print material versus the younger demographic interest in technology. Data collected via this study provide insight into the perceptions, priorities, and learning preferences of these three populations. Despite our finding that clean water is a priority in Oklahoma, regardless of demographic, results suggest more education and outreach is needed to provide additional information regarding water in Oklahoma.
A Review of Water Resources Education in Geography Departments in the United States
Authors: Pease Mike , Chaney Philip L. , Hoover Joseph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGeographers have long played an important role in water resources scholarship; however, academic literature has not focused on the teaching contributions of geographers in this area. To address this gap, we cataloged courses taught and faculty interests for geography departments in the United States with a stated focus on water resources. We identified 129 departments with both courses and faculty having water resources expertise. The majority of water‐related courses focused on climatology or climate change, suggesting that students are regularly provided opportunities to learn about water topics primarily through the lens of climatology and water resources. We also summarize a panel organized at the 2017 American Association of Geographers Annual Conference that focused on water resources curriculum in geography programs. The panel discussed curriculum and pedagogical approaches, concluding that a water resources course syllabi repository would be beneficial for creating new and refining existing water resources courses. The panel also recommended that faculty consider incorporating water resources topics into their general education classes to concurrently enhance student learning opportunities and positively impact recruitment and interest in geography programs. Additionally, online education represents a substantial change in higher education that presents new challenges and opportunities for geographers. We hope these data and the summary of the panel session stimulate greater discussions of curricular needs across all disciplines that offer water resource focused courses.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling regulates inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α activation to protect β‐cells against terminal unfolded protein response under irremediable endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Ishibashi Tatsuya , Morita Shuhei , Kishimoto Shohei , Uraki Shinsuke , Takeshima Ken , Furukawa Yasushi , Inaba Hidefumi , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Iwakura Hiroshi , Furuta Hiroto , Nishi Masahiro , Papa Feroz R , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionUnder irremediable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hyperactivated inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) triggers the terminal unfolded protein response (T‐UPR), causing crucial cell dysfunction and apoptosis. We hypothesized that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling regulates IRE1α activation to protect β‐cells from the T‐UPR under ER stress.Materials and MethodsThe effects of nicotine on IRE1α activation and key T‐UPR markers, thioredoxin‐interacting protein and insulin/proinsulin, were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in rat INS‐1 and human EndoC‐βH1 β‐cell lines. Doxycycline‐inducible IRE1α overexpression or ER stress agents were used to induce IRE1α activation. An α7 subunit‐specific nAChR agonist (PNU‐282987) and small interfering ribonucleic acid for α7 subunit‐specific nAChR were used to modulate nAChR signaling.ResultsNicotine inhibits the increase in thioredoxin‐interacting protein and the decrease in insulin 1/proinsulin expression levels induced by either forced IRE1α hyperactivation or ER stress agents. Nicotine attenuated X‐box‐binding protein‐1 messenger ribonucleic acid site‐specific splicing and IRE1α autophosphorylation induced by ER stress. Furthermore, PNU‐282987 attenuated T‐UPR induction by either forced IRE1α activation or ER stress agents. The effects of nicotine on attenuating thioredoxin‐interacting protein and preserving insulin 1 expression levels were attenuated by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of α7 nAChR. Finally, nicotine suppressed apoptosis induced by either forced IRE1α activation or ER stress agents.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that nAChR signaling regulates IRE1α activation to protect β‐cells from the T‐UPR and apoptosis under ER stress partly through α7 nAChR. Targeting nAChR signaling to inhibit the T‐UPR cascade may therefore hold therapeutic promise by thwarting β‐cell death in diabetes.
Comparison of color stability of two laminate veneers cemented to tooth surfaces with and without preparation
Authors: Tuncdemir Makbule T. , Gulbahce Nilgun , Aykent Filiz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of preparation vs nonpreparation of tooth surfaces and the types of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) on color changes after 300 hours of artificially accelerated aging (AAA).Materials and methodsForty extracted maxillary central incisors were used. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10) to evaluate preparation methods and porcelain types: Group A: tooth preparation with IPS e.max computer‐assisted design (CAD), group B: tooth preparation with IPS e.max press, group C: nonpreparation with IPS e.max CAD, and group D: nonpreparation with IPS e.max press. Veneers were fabricated and cemented using a dual‐polimerized cement. Initial color measurement was performed and repeated after AAA. Color changes were calculated with the CIEDE 2000 (ΔE00) formula. Color differences were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA (P < .05).ResultsThe two‐way ANOVA test showed no significant difference among the groups (P > .05). The highest color change value was observed in group C, followed by groups B, A, and D.ConclusionPreparation of veneers caused more color changes in PLVs than nonpreparation. However, IPS e.max CAD systems for fabrication of nonprepared PLVs increased the color change of the PLVs measured after AAA.Clinical SignificanceThe results provide information on the effect of the amount of preparation and the type of porcelain on color change in porcelain laminate veneers. In terms of esthetic dentistry, IPS e.max press and non‐prep treatment should be used in the anterior region, where esthetics are important.
The geographic distribution of reef and oceanic manta rays (Mobula alfredi and Mobula birostris) in Australian coastal waters
Authors: Armstrong Amelia J. , Armstrong Asia O. , Bennett Michael B. , McGregor Frazer , Abrantes Kátya G. , Barnett Adam , Richardson Anthony J. , Townsend Kathy A. , Dudgeon Christine L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe known distribution of manta rays in Australian waters is patchy, with records primarily centred around tourism hotspots. We collated 11,614 records of Mobula alfredi from photo‐ID databases (n = 10,715), aerial surveys (n = 378) and online reports (n = 521). The study confirms an uninterrupted coastal distribution from north of 26°S and 31°S on the west and east coasts, respectively. More southerly M. alfredi records relate to warm‐water events with a southernmost extent at 34°S. Coastal sightings of Mobula birostris were rare (n = 32), likely reflecting a preference for offshore waters, but encompass a wider latitudinal extent than M. alfredi of 10–40°S.
Coherence of jaw and neck muscle activity during sleep bruxism
Authors: Gouw Simone , Frowein Angela , Braem Carlijn , de Wijer Anton , Creugers Nico H. J. , Pasman Jaco W. , Doorduin Jonne , Kalaykova Stanimira I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown co‐contraction of jaw and neck muscles in healthy subjects during (sub) maximum voluntary jaw clenching, indicating functional inter‐relation between these muscles during awake bruxism. So far, coherence of jaw and neck muscles has not been evaluated during either awake or sleep bruxism.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the coherence between jaw and neck muscle activity during sleep bruxism.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional observational design, the electromyographic activity of jaw (masseter, temporalis) and neck (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius) muscles in individuals with “definite” sleep bruxism was measured using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG). Coherence for masseter‐temporalis, masseter‐sternocleidomastoid and masseter‐trapezius was measured during phasic and mixed rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes using coherence‐analysing software. Outcome measures were as follows: presence or absence of significant coherence per episode (in percentages), frequency of peak coherence (FPC) per episode and sleep stage.ResultsA total of 632 episodes within 16 PSGs of eight individuals were analysed. Significant coherence was found between the jaw and neck muscles in 84.9% of the episodes. FPCs of masseter‐temporalis were significantly positively correlated with those of masseter‐sternocleidomastoid or masseter‐trapezius (P < .001). Sleep stages did not significantly influence coherence of these muscular couples.ConclusionDuring sleep bruxism, jaw and neck muscle activation is significantly coherent. Coherence occurs independently of sleep stage. These results support the hypothesis of bruxism being a centrally regulated phenomenon.