bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in local forest and domestic habitats in Gabon and Kenya
Authors: Xia Siyang , Cosme Luciano V. , Lutomiah Joel , Sang Rosemary , Ngangue Marc F. , Rahola Nil , Ayala Diego , Powell Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mosquitoAedes aegyptiis a devastating disease vector transmitting several important human arboviral diseases. In its native range in Africa, the mosquito can be found in both the ancestral forest habitat and anthropogenic habitats such as villages. How do the different habitats impact the population genetic structure of the local mosquito populations?MethodsTo address this question, we simultaneously sampledAe. aegyptifrom the forest and local villages in La Lopé, Gabon and Rabai, Kenya. The mosquitoes were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and a panel of ~25,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which allowed us to estimate their genetic ancestries and the population genetic structure related to habitats and sampling sites.ResultsIn the context of the global population genetic structure ofAe. aegypti, clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from the same locality (La Lopé or Rabai) have similar genetic ancestry, regardless of their habitats. Further analysis at the local scale also found no strong genetic differentiation between the forest and village mosquitoes in both La Lopé and Rabai. Interestingly, these results from our 2017 samples from Rabai, Kenya contrast to the documentation of genetic differentiation between village and forest mosquito collections from 1975–1976 and 2009. Between-habitat measures of genetic difference (Fst) vary across the genome, with a peak of high divergence observed at the third chromosome only in the La Lopé populations.ConclusionCollectively, these results demonstrated that there is little genetic isolation between forest and village habitats, which suggests possible extensive gene flow between them. From an epidemiological perspective, the forest habitat could act as a refuge for mosquitoes against vector control programmes in the domestic settings. Moreover, sylvatic populations could play a role in zoonotic pathogen transferred to humans. Therefore, future studies on disease transmission and vector control planning in the study area should take natural populations into consideration.
Long-term follow up after denosumab treatment for osteoporosis – rebound associated with hypercalcemia, parathyroid hyperplasia, severe bone mineral density loss, and multiple fractures: a case report
Authors: Maugars Yves , Guillot Pascale , Glémarec Joëlle , Berthelot Jean-Marie , Le Goff Benoit , Darrieutort-Laffite Christelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The rebound effect after stopping treatment with denosumab may be associated with rapid loss of the gains in bone mineral density achieved with treatment, high levels of bone remodeling markers, the occurrence of vertebral fractures, and even hypercalcemia.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old osteoporotic Caucasian woman suffered from a fracture of her second lumbar vertebra in 2004. From January 2005, she was treated with denosumab for 9 years, with good densitometry results for her hip and lumbar areas, and no fractures over the last 6 years of treatment. Ten months after the treatment with denosumab was stopped, a cascade of vertebral fractures, including some in unusual locations (third thoracic vertebra), and multiple rib fractures in a context of hypercalcemia, suggested possible malignancy. A complete evaluation, including systemic, biological, and biopsy analyses, ruled out this hypothesis. The hypercalcemia was associated with normal plasma phosphate and vitamin D concentrations, and a high parathyroid hormone level, with an abnormal fixation of the lower lobe of the thyroid on sesta-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile scintigraphy. Histological analysis of the excised parathyroid tissue revealed hyperplasia. The associated thyroidectomy (goiter) led to the discovery of a thyroid papillary microcarcinoma.

Conclusions
We consider the consequences of this rebound effect, not only in terms of the major loss of bone density (return to basal values within 3 years) and the multiple disabling fracture episodes, but also in terms of the hypercalcemia observed in association with apparently autonomous tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Several cases of spontaneous reversion have been reported in children, but the intervention in our patient precluded any assessment of the possible natural course. The discovery of an associated thyroid neoplasm appears to be fortuitous. Better understanding of the various presentations of the rebound effect after stopping treatment with denosumab would improve diagnostic management of misleading forms, as in this case. Bisphosphonates could partially prevent this rebound effect.
Subcutaneous hemangioma on nasal dorsum: a case report
Authors: Kadriyan Hamsu , Sulaksana Muhammad Alfian , Yudhanto Didit , Aryani I. Gusti Ayu Trisna , Yuliani Eka Arie , Ardianti Nurul Endah , Suprayogi Moh. , Djannah Fathul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Hemangioma is a benign tumor made up of blood vessels and typically occurs as a slightly elevated purplish or reddish area of skin. Hemangioma is mostly found superficially; subcutaneous hemangioma in the nasal dorsum is rare.

Case presentation
In West Nusa Tenggara Regional Hospital, the authors found two cases of subcutaneous hemangioma in patients of very different ages. The first patient was a 2-year-old Sasak girl, and the other was a 40-year-old Sasak man. The pediatric patient was treated with an elliptical approach, whereas the adult patient was treated with lateral rhinotomy extended by an elliptical approach to remove the hemangioma and ligate the feeding arteries. After surgery, the adult patient was followed up for 5 months, whereas the pediatric patient was followed up for 3 months. The results for both patients were good, with minimal scar formation.

Conclusion
Despite the limitations of technology and human resources in a remote area of Indonesia, the surgical approach used in these cases produced good outcomes for both patients.
The mitochondrial K-ATP channel opener diazoxide upregulates STIM1 and Orai1 via ROS and the MAPK pathway in adult rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gavali Joice T. , Carrillo Elba D. , García María C. , Sánchez Jorge A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Openers of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (mKATP) channels like diazoxide increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac cells and reduce Ca2+ elevations produced by ischemia–reperfusion, protecting the heart from damage. In this study we tested the hypothesis that opening mKATP channels regulates expression of the major components of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) STIM1 and Orai1.

Results
Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot experiments showed that diazoxide increased expression of STIM1 and Orai1 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that diazoxide also disrupted the striated distribution pattern of STIM1. These effects were prevented by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the mKATP channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Confocal microscopy revealed that diazoxide also led to nuclear translocation of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFκB, which was also blocked by NAC or 5-HD. Finally, the MAPK pathway inhibitor UO126 attenuated diazoxide-induced upregulation of STIM1 and Orai1 expression.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that opening mitochondrial potassium ATP channels with diazoxide upregulates the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 by de novo synthesis by a mechanism that involves NFkB, c-Fos, and ROS via MAPK/ERK signaling.
Simulation of vocational activities: experimental evidence of (no) changes in vocational interests
Authors: Martončik Marcel , Babjáková Jaroslava , Čupková Lena , Köverová Natália , Kačmárová Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany school-age pupils are undecided about their future vocation. This often stems from a lack of occupational information or lack of vocationally related experience. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an intervention focused on the possibility of changing vocational interests through the simulation of vocational activities. The sample consisted of 250 pupils who were finishing primary school. The intervention was constructed for practical and artistic interests and consisted of workbooks that aim to simulate these vocational activities. MANCOVA showed no effect in the change of vocational interests among the pupils. An alternative idea of intervention in the form of virtual reality simulations is also presented.
A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice
Authors: High Kirsty E. , Penkman Kirsty E. H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological wood can present management challenges due to its vulnerability to chemical and biological decay, both during burial and post-excavation. Decay processes also often leave it severely weakened and therefore susceptible to mechanical damage. Quantifying preservation and understanding active decay mechanisms is therefore critical in informing the management of this unique cultural resource. It is critical that assessments of preservation are robust, and sensitive enough to allow changes over time to be detected. A wide range of analytical methods can be applied to assess the state of preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, and determining which of these is most appropriate to the circumstances can be challenging. This review summarises some of the most commonly reported methods suitable for the analysis of waterlogged archaeological wood, ranging from widely used ‘low-tech’ methods, to assessment using advanced analytical instrumentation. Methods are evaluated in terms of the information gained weighed up against their cost, logistical considerations, and time investments, with the aim of supporting the development of an analytical strategy. We conclude that although an analytical strategy must be informed by the aims of assessment as well as any external restrictions, the best available analytical techniques should be employed in order to supply an accurate baseline against which future change can be measured. Critically, a multi-analytical approach is vital in obtaining a clear picture of the present state of decay, as no single technique gives the best assessment.
Factors associated with empathy among community pharmacists in Lebanon
Authors: Hobeika Eva , Hallit Souheil , Sacre Hala , Obeid Sahar , Hajj Aline , Salameh Pascale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmpathy is the cornerstone of the relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient. In Lebanon, no studies have investigated the factors associated with empathy among community pharmacists. Hence, the importance of this research to better understand empathy and help community pharmacists with this vital aspect of their practice.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate empathy and possible factors associated with it among Lebanese community pharmacists.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July 2018. It enrolled a proportionate random sample of 435 community pharmacists from all Lebanese districts. The Epi info software calculated the minimum sample size, based on a total number of 3762 community pharmacists, with an expected frequency of 50% of pharmacists with low empathy, and a 95% confidence interval. The minimal sample size required was 350 community pharmacists; our sample size was 435 to account for missing values.ResultsOur results revealed that 228 (53.4%) pharmacists had low empathy. Lower empathy was significantly associated with more physical (Beta = − 0.331) and mental (Beta = − 0.126) work fatigue, higher age (Beta = − 0.125) and a practice experience between 3 years and less than 6 years compared to less than 6 months (Beta = − 2.440).ConclusionThis study shed the light on some factors associated with empathy among Lebanese community pharmacists. Low empathy levels were significantly associated with factors such as age, practice experience, and mental and physical work fatigue, all of which impact the practice, as the accepted model of pharmacy practice requires that pharmacists establish effective communication and use interpersonal skills. Therefore, developing empathetic communication skills is considered essential. Furthermore, increased mental and physical work fatigue should not hinder community pharmacists’ access to self-care, whether for their mental or physical health.
Reducing the arbitrary: fuzzy detection of microbial ecotones and ecosystems – focus on the pelagic environment
Authors: Bagnaro Antoine , Baltar Federico , Brownstein Gretchen , Lee William G. , Morales Sergio E. , Pritchard Daniel W. , Hepburn Christopher D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne of the central objectives of microbial ecology is to study the distribution of microbial communities and their association with their environments. Biogeographical studies have partitioned the oceans into provinces and regions, but the identification of their boundaries remains challenging, hindering our ability to study transition zones (i.e. ecotones) and microbial ecosystem heterogeneity. Fuzzy clustering is a promising method to do so, as it creates overlapping sets of clusters. The outputs of these analyses thus appear both structured (into clusters) and gradual (due to the overlaps), which aligns with the inherent continuity of the pelagic environment, and solves the issue of defining ecosystem boundaries.ResultsWe show the suitability of applying fuzzy clustering to address the patchiness of microbial ecosystems, integrating environmental (Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity) and bacterioplankton data (Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on 16S rRNA gene) collected during six cruises over 1.5 years from the subtropical frontal zone off New Zealand. The technique was able to precisely identify ecological heterogeneity, distinguishing both the patches and the transitions between them. In particular we show that the subtropical front is a distinct, albeit transient, microbial ecosystem. Each water mass harboured a specific microbial community, and the characteristics of their ecotones matched the characteristics of the environmental transitions, highlighting that environmental mixing lead to community mixing. Further explorations into the OTU community compositions revealed that, although only a small proportion of the OTUs explained community variance, their associations with given water mass were consistent through time.ConclusionWe demonstrate recurrent associations between microbial communities and dynamic oceanic features. Fuzzy clusters can be applied to any ecosystem (terrestrial, human, marine, etc) to solve uncertainties regarding the position of microbial ecological boundaries and to refine the relation between the distribution of microorganisms and their environment.
Psychometric validation of a Saudi Arabian version of the sf-36v2 health survey and norm data for Saudi Arabia
Authors: AboAbat Ahmad , Qannam Hazem , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Al-Tannir Mohamad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdaptation of a patient-reported outcomes survey into a new language requires careful translation procedures as well as qualitative and quantitative psychometric testing. This study aimed to evaluate the basic psychometric properties of the new Saudi Arabian SF-36v2 and establish norm data for Saudi Arabia.MethodsTranslation and adaptation of the SF-36v2 used standard methodology. Psychometric validation included two stages: 1) A qualitative study (n = 100) explored the components of health and health-related quality of life considered important in Saudi Arabia and evaluated the content validity of the SF-36v2 in Saudi Arabia, and 2) A quantitative study (n = 6166) evaluated the basic psychometric properties of the Saudi SF-36v2 and established norm data for Saudi Arabia. Comparison with US general population data (n = 4040) evaluated differential item function (DIF) and cross-national differences.ResultsThe qualitative study supported the content validity of the Saudi SF-36v2. Cognitive debriefing identified only few and minor problems. Psychometric analyses supported item convergence within scales and differentiation across scales of the SF-36v2. Scale level exploratory factor analyses did not support the typical distinction between physical health and mental health components. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory for all scales except the social function scale (alpha = 0.67). Cross-national DIF was identified for 9 items. In the Saudi general population, the average vitality score was lower for women (− 2.71 points) compared to men. For men, older age groups scored lower on the physical function scale (− 3.31) and the physical health component (− 3.06). For women, older age groups scored lower on the role physical (− 3.72), bodily pain (− 3.66), and vitality (− 2.32) scales as well as the physical health component (− 3.52). Compared to the 2009 United States general population, and after adjusting for age, gender, and differential item function, persons in Saudi Arabia had lower average scores for the physical function (− 3.10), role physical (− 4.75), social function (− 4.23), role emotional (− 5.67), and mental health (− 4.82) scales, as well as the mental health component (− 4.57).ConclusionThis Saudi normative study of patient reported outcomes supported the validity and reliability of the new Saudi SF-36v2 and found cross-national differences with the USA.
Localized Wilms’ tumor in low-middle-income countries (LMIC): how can we get better?
Authors: Asfour Hosam Y. , Khalil Sahar A. , Zakaria Al-Shimaa , Ashraf El-Sayed , Zekri Wael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWilms’ tumor (WT) represents about 6% of all childhood cancers. The overall survival markedly improved to exceed 90% in developed countries, yet some studies from developing counties still have poorer outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical outcome and the different prognostic factors that influence the outcome of pediatric loco-regional WT cases treated at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Egypt. This is a retrospective study which included pediatric loco-regional WT patients presented between January 2008 and December 2017. Patients were followed up till June 2019.ResultsNinety-two eligible patients were included. Median age was 3 years (range 1 month–9 years). Abdominal mass was the commonest presentation (72.8%). The 5-year EFS and OS of the whole group was 83.7% and 94.6% retrospectively. Despite having a similar EFS (84.8 vs. 82.6%), stage III patients had a significantly lower OS than those in stages I and II (89.1% vs. 100%,pvalue 0.024). Twelve patients had unfavorable histology and had a significantly lower EFS and OS than the patients with favorable histology (50 and 83.3% vs. 88.8 and 96.3%,pvalue < 0.001 and 0.043, respectively).ConclusionLoco-regional Wilms’ tumor cases treated in Egypt had OS nearly the same as in developed countries, but had a lower EFS than expected mainly stages I and II. The stage and histological type are the main factors influencing the survival, and further studies are needed to investigate nuclear unrest grades and proper management of such cases.
Excess Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Hypopituitarism—A Population-Based, Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Kutz Alexander , Wagner Ulrich , Illigens Ben , Siepmann Timo , Schuetz Philipp , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Mueller Beat , Christ Emanuel R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Patients with hypopituitarism face excess mortality in the long-term outpatient setting. However, associations of pituitary dysfunction with outcomes in acutely hospitalized patients are lacking.

Objective
The objective of this work is to assess clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism with or without diabetes insipidus (DI).

Design, Setting, and Patients
In this population-based, matched-cohort study from 2012 to 2017, hospitalized adult patients with a history of hypopituitarism were 1:1 propensity score–matched with a general medical inpatient cohort.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included all-cause readmission rates within 30 days and 1 year, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, and length of hospital stay.

Results
After matching, 6764 cases were included in the study. In total, 3382 patients had hypopituitarism and of those 807 (24%) suffered from DI. All-cause in-hospital mortality occurred in 198 (5.9%) of patients with hypopituitarism and in 164 (4.9%) of matched controls (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, [95% CI, 1.06-1.65], P = .013). Increased mortality was primarily observed in patients with DI (OR 3.69 [95% CI, 2.44-5.58], P &lt; .001). Patients with hypopituitarism had higher ICU admissions (OR 1.50 [95% CI, 1.30-1.74], P &lt; .001), and faced a 2.4-day prolonged length of hospitalization (95% CI, 1.94–2.95, P &lt; .001) compared to matched controls. Risk of 30-day (OR 1.31 [95% CI, 1.13-1.51], P &lt; .001) and 1-year readmission (OR 1.29 [95% CI, 1.17-1.42], P &lt; .001) was higher among patients with hypopituitarism as compared with medical controls.

Conclusions
Patients with hypopituitarism are highly vulnerable once hospitalized for acute medical conditions with increased risk of mortality and adverse clinical outcomes. This was most pronounced among those with DI.
Tubular Secretory Clearance Is Associated With Whole-Body Insulin Clearance
Authors: Huber Matthew P , Zelnick Leila R , Utzschneider Kristina M , Kahn Steven E , de Boer Ian H , Kestenbaum Bryan R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
The kidneys eliminate insulin via glomerular and peritubular mechanisms; consequently, the kidney contribution to insulin clearance may be underestimated by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alone.

Objective
To determine associations of tubular secretory clearance with whole-body insulin clearance and sensitivity in a dedicated study of glucose and insulin metabolism.

Design, Setting, and Participants
We performed an ancillary, cross-sectional study of tubular secretion in the Study of Glucose and Insulin in Renal Disease (SUGAR). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed in 57 nondiabetic persons with chronic kidney disease and 38 persons without kidney disease.

Intervention
We measured plasma and 24-hour urine concentrations of endogenous solutes primarily eliminated by tubular secretion. Kidney clearances of secretory solutes were calculated as the amount of blood fully cleared of that solute per minute.

Main Outcome Measures
Whole-body insulin clearance, insulin sensitivity.

Results
Mean whole-body insulin clearance was 924 ± 228 mL/min. After adjustment for age, sex, Black race, fat and fat-free mass, each 20% lower estimated GFR was associated with a 13 mL/min lower insulin clearance (95% confidence interval [CI], 2-24 mL/min lower). Each 20% lower clearance of isovalerylglycine and xanthosine were associated with a 16 mL/min lower (95% CI, 5-26 mL/min lower) and 19 mL/min lower (95% CI, 7-31 mL/min lower) insulin clearance, respectively. Neither estimated GFR nor secretory solute clearances were associated with insulin sensitivity after adjustment.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of tubular secretory pathways to insulin elimination but suggest that kidney functions in aggregate contribute only modestly to systemic insulin clearance.