bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using EMG Signals to Remotely Control a 3D Industrial Robotic Arm
Authors: Batayneh Wafa , Bataineh Ahmad , Abandeh Samer , Al-Jarrah Mohammad , Banisaeed Mohammad , alzo’ubei Bara’ah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a muscle gesture computer Interface (MGCI) system for robot navigation Control employing a commercial wearable MYO gesture Control armband is proposed. the motion and gesture control device from Thalamic Labs. The software interface is developed using LabVIEW and Visual Studio C++. The hardware Interface between the Thalamic lab’s MYO armband and the robotic arm has been implemented using a National Instruments My RIO, which provides real time EMG data needed. This system allows the user to control a three Degrees of freedom robotic arm remotely by his/her Intuitive motion by Combining the real time Electromyography (EMG) signal and inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals. Computer simulations and experiments are developed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed System. This system will allow a person to wear this/her armband and move his/her hand and the robotic arm will imitate the motion of his/her hand. The armband can pick up the EMG signals of the person’s hand muscles, which is a time varying noisy signal, and then process this MYO EMG signals using LabVIEW and make classification of this signal in order to evaluate the angles which are used as feedback to servo motors needed to move the robotic arm.
A simulation study of the system showed very good results. Tests show that the robotic arm can imitates the arm motion at an acceptable rate and with very good accuracy.
Design, Development and Implementation of Vibratory Mechanisms to Be Utilized in Dynamics and Vibrations Courses
Authors: Woldemariam Yoseph , Garcia Martin , Utschig Tris , Tekes Ayse 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There is still a demand for novel laboratory equipment designs that are to be utilized in undergraduate level machine dynamics, mechanical vibrations, control theory and their related labs. Since the turn-key systems preferred in most undergraduate labs are expensive and require wide lab space, 3D printed portable, small scale and cost-effective vibrational lab equipment are designed to study the fundamentals of free and forced vibrations. Four laboratory equipment designs are proposed in this study to demonstrate the fundamentals of vibration such as free vibration, forced vibration, modeling, base excitation and vibration isolation. The first device is a vibration isolator and resonator mechanism incorporating large deflecting fixed-free flexible links and composed of primary and secondary masses and a linear actuator, the second mechanism is a compliant parallel arm consisted of flexible beams, mass and a support, third mechanism is a translational vibratory mechanism comprised of slider carts, 3D printed springs, rods and bearings and the final mechanism is the model of driver seat consisted of DC motor, driver and driven wheels and a mass. Main parts of each apparatus are built by 3D printing using either PLA or PETG filament. Learning outcomes and the methods of implementing each device to the course and their associated laboratories are provided.
A Level Set Based Geometry Handling Approach Used in the Immersed Boundary Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Yao Guangfa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Immersed boundary methods have gained increasing attention in modeling fluid-solid body interaction using non-body conforming computational fluid dynamics, due to their robustness and simplicity. They usually do this by adding a body force term in the momentum equation. The magnitude and direction of this body force ensure that the boundary condition on the solid-fluid interface is satisfied without invoking complicated body-conforming numerical methods to impose the boundary condition. The body force is usually calculated and imposed using some interpolation or extrapolation around the solid-fluid interface. It can also be calculated based on the solid volume fraction in the cells around the solid-fluid interface. Therefore, it is critical to have a robust method to represent or track arbitrary solid bodies immersed in a fluid field and facilitate the needed interpolation, extrapolation, or calculation of solid volume fraction. To that end, the level set method has been used as a robust method to represent and track arbitrary solid bodies in a fluid field. In the presented paper, the level set based approaches used to handle arbitrary solid bodies in a fluid field are reviewed, and a new higher order method is presented to resolve the solid-fluid interface using the given level sets at each grid point.
Experimental Investigation of Water Emulsion Fuel Stability
Authors: Singh Gurjap , Lopes Elio , Hentges Nicholas , Ratner Albert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The combustion of liquid fuels emulsified with water have long generated interest in the internal combustion engine research community. Typically, these fuels consist of small quantities of water emulsified with ultrasonification or other mechanical methods into a pure or multicomponent hydrocarbon fuel. These emulsion fuels promise significant advantages over base liquid fuels, such as better fuel economy, colder combustion temperatures, less NOx emissions, and so on. However, a significant practical disadvantage of these fuels is that they are prone to phase separation after they have been prepared. Till date, an objective but economical method of identifying the various degrees of phase separation has not been identified. Present research presents such a method and shows its utilization in analyzing the stability of water and hydrocarbon fuel emulsions over time without the addition of chemical stabilizers. It is expected that present research will pave the way in establishing this method to study the stability of other specialized multicomponent fluids.
Nonlinear Damping in Large-Amplitude Vibrations of Viscoelastic Plates
Authors: Amabili Marco , Balasubramanian Prabakaran , Ferrari Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Damping is largely increasing with the vibration amplitude during nonlinear vibrations of rectangular plates. At the same time, soft materials present an increase of their stiffness with the vibration frequency. These two phenomena appear together and are both explained in the framework of the viscoelasticity. While the literature on nonlinear vibrations of plates is very large, these aspects are rarely addressed. The present study uses the fractional solid model to describe the viscoelastic material behaviour. This allows to capture at the same time (i) the increase in the storage modulus with the vibration frequency and (ii) the frequency-dependent nonlinear damping in nonlinear vibrations of rectangular plates. The solution of the nonlinear vibration problems is obtained through Lagrange equations by deriving the potential energy of the plate and the dissipated energy, both geometrically nonlinear and frequency-dependent. The model is then applied to a silicone rubber rectangular plate tested experimentally. The plate was glued to a metal frame and harmonically excited by stepped sine testing at different force levels and the vibration response was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer. The comparison of numerical and experimental results was satisfactorily carried out for: (i) nonlinear vibration responses in the frequency and time domain at different excitation levels, (ii) dissipated energy versus excitation frequency and excitation force, (iii) storage energy and (iv) loss factor, which is particularly interesting to evaluate the plate dissipation versus frequency at different excitation levels. Finally, the linear and nonlinear damping terms are compared.
Six-Sigma Challenges in Services With Human-Based Data: An Investigative Case Study for Clients’ Satisfaction in Gas Company
Authors: Pourgol-Mohamad Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Improvement of business processes, increasing customer satisfaction, and reducing organizational costs are important issues that institutions deal with. In this context, six sigma methodology has been considered as a systematic approach to achieve these goals by many organizations. In recent years, non-industrial sectors, where human data are involved, have also applied this technique to improve their processes quality. For application of six sigma procedure for non-industrial issues, there are several challenges that are not encountered in the conventional implementation of Six Sigma procedure. Most of these challenges are experienced on gathering the human (operators, experts) expressed data required for the six sigma projects on the phase of measurement and analysis. The challenges identification and analysis give the ability to address them and provide practical solutions. In this study, in addition to different stages of the Six Sigma methodology, its implementation has been investigated in the non-industrial sector in the DMAIC phases. The challenges dealt with in this research include the impact of external factors on human data, limitations in the design of experiments for human data, qualitative data and discrete data as well as one-sided data. Also, considering a case study on the implementation of six sigma methodology to enhance customer satisfaction in an East Azerbaijan Gas company, strategies are presented for overcoming these obstacles.
Research on the Performance of Metal Connectors of Injection-Molded Long-Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Wheel
Authors: Zhang Yue , Shan Yingchun , Liu Xiandong , He Tian , Wang Xiaoran , Dang Bin , Zeng Xianyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to ensure stiffness and wear resistance of joint surface, injection-molded long-glass-fiber reinforced thermoplastic (IMLGFT) composite wheel is installed on hub or metal table of wheel test bench by fastening bolts through metal connectors. Firstly, the structure of composite wheels with metal connectors is simplified. Then the strength analysis is carried out to test the two kinds of simplified models by using superposed beams theory and ABAQUS finite element software respectively based on the wheel bending fatigue test. In addition, the stress conditions of the wheel using the metal insert or the metal clamp plate are compared. The results show that two structural forms of metal connectors have protective effect on the composite parts of the wheel, and the protective effect of metal clamp plate connector on composite parts is better than that of metal insert connector. The research results provide guidance for the metal connector design of IMLGFT composite wheel.
A Model Science-Based Learning STEM Program
Authors: Cieslinski Benjamin , Gharib Mohamed , Creel Brady , Katbeh Tala 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a model STEM program called Engineering Heroes: Qatar Special Investigators (QSI), aimed to familiarize young students with science and engineering in real life applications, is presented. The program theme is about forensic science and technology, which included science and engineering activities with hands-on projects to challenge students’ science and critical thinking skills. Throughout the program, students learned about forensic science as an application of science, engineering and technology to collect, preserve, and analyze evidence to be used in the course of a legal investigation. Participants learned the history of forensic analysis and how it evolved into today’s specialized career field. Forensic specialists include backgrounds in chemistry, physics, biology, toxicology, chemical and electrical engineering. Topics included in the program were a study of toxicology and chemical analysis, assays to determine drug contents, fingerprint development, environmental contamination, chromatography in forgery, presumptive vs. confirmatory testing, scanning electron microscopy, infrared analysis, and evidence handling techniques. The details of the program are presented, including the contents, preparation, materials used, case studies, and final crime scene investigation, which featured the learning outcomes.
Ambient Temperature Effect on Performance of a Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery Cell for 12-Voltage Applications
Authors: Liu Yiqun , Liao Y. Gene , Lai Ming-Chia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Operating temperature has a significant impact on the performance, safety, and cycle lifetime of the lithium-ion batteries. The operating temperature of a battery is the result of the ambient temperature augmented by the heat generated by the battery. This paper presents the empirical investigation of the effect of ambient temperature on the performance of a Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide based cell with 3.6V nominal voltage and 20Ah capacity. The experiments are carried out in an environment chamber using five controlled temperatures at −20°C, −10°C, 0°C, 20°C, and 50°C, as the ambient temperatures. In each controlled temperature test, a constant current (10A, 20A, and 40A) continuously discharge the cell to a cut-off 2.5V. The cell discharging voltages and usable capacities are the battery performance indicators. The experimental tests show that discharging voltage at 50% DOD and the total discharging time to reach 2.5V (usable capacity) increase as the ambient temperature increases. The modeling and simulation of a battery cell temperature model is built in the Simulink platform. The correlations show that simulated and experimental discharging curves match well in the 0–80% DOD range and the discrepancy is under 7%. The developed simulation model could provide thermal management guidelines for lithium-ion polymer battery applications in 12 voltage SLI, start-stop, and 48 voltage mild hybrid electric vehicles.
Single Point Incremental Forming of Large Sheet Metal Components
Authors: Schieck Frank , Mauermann Reinhard , Weise Dieter , Demmler Matthias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The production of complex, large-scale cladding parts made of metal in small quantities for a wide range of applications in architecture, power generation, shipbuilding, but also rail vehicle construction, mobile work machines and, last but not least, automotive sector is a major challenge in terms of principled manufacturability, but also in terms of manufacturing costs. Appropriate components are often produced in small quantities by hand, whereby the reproducibility and achievable quality depend largely on the experience and craftsmanship of the employer.
The incremental forming using CNC-controlled machine tools or robots offers a good alternative for an efficient and reproducible production of sheet metal components with batch size one. There are already a large number of research work, studies and examples of applications worldwide regarding principled incremental forming strategies, process layout, FE simulation and optimization strategies.
The Fraunhofer IWU works with the claim of applied research, that is, to transfer results from basic research into an industrial application. This also applies to the field of incremental sheet metal forming. Especially in the area of large-scale, 3-dimensional components, there is a very great need on the part of the industry.
The paper provides an overview of current research results in the field of incremental forming of industrially relevant large-scale structures up to dimensions of approximately 4 × 2 meters, which are carried out in the single point process on a modified large milling machine. The topic of shape storage (molds), flexible clamping frames and heating equipment for temperature-supporting incremental forming of light metals is also addressed. The outlook identifies application and development potential aimed at both the further development of the technology and the associated equipment technology.
Mechanical Properties of Steel Printed on Ceramics
Authors: Allameh Seyed M. , Ortiz Rejon Miguel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Construction industry is about to embrace 3D printing as a viable technology for fabricating structures that are not physically or commercially impractical. These include curved components that could be embedded in buildings. On the other hand, whole house building by 3D printing has been attempted around the world using giant concrete printers. The main question is how to integrate steel rebars in concrete by 3D welding and still maintain the structural integrity and reliability of the conventional rebars. To accomplish the incorporation of rebars in concrete, steel must be welded within concrete. Heat dissipation rates may be different in different directions when the 3D molten weld pool solidifies, especially when the substrate is concrete. This may affect the strength of the material along and across the weld bead. To investigate this effect, it is important to study the mechanical properties of 3D welded steel in the directions of length, thickness and width. Experiments conducted in this study include the 3D welding of steel on concrete tiles by attaching the torch of a MIG welder to a meter-scale 3D printer carriage. The weld beads were then cross sections in directions along the weld bead, across the bead and perpendicular to the ceramic substrate. Dog-bone shaped micro-scale samples were extracted along those direction by CNC machining and EDM milling. The specimens were then mounted on the grippers of a hybrid micro-tester and tensile tests were carried out. The results of the tests are reported, and the implications of the findings in terms of the feasibility of 3D printing of steel reinforced concrete are discussed.
Combinatorial Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Biomimicked Composites
Authors: Allameh Seyed M. , Miller Roger , Almuzaini Abdullah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents the preliminary results of in-situ tests conducted on structural biomimicked composites built by 3D printing. Construction industry is looking seriously into 3D printed structures that can be incorporated into the conventional buildings. Further refinement of materials and processing will lead to the 3D printing of buildings in future. The advantages afforded by 3D printing are unrivaled, creating unprecedented opportunities to express art, economics, environmentally friendly designs, lightweight schemes, among many others. To determine the reliability and suitability of structural composites for use in construction, it is important to test these in shapes, and geometries that are appropriate to 3D printing. Combinatorial materials research allows the fabrication and in-situ testing of composites made by mix and match of various materials. This study focuses on the characterization of mechanical behavior of biomimicked composites fabricated by a 3D printer. To accomplish this, a meter-sized 3D printer was equipped with material dispensers as well as load sensors. Composites were made of various construction materials, adhesive, and reinforcement and subsequently tested by the same printer. The results are presented, and the implications of findings are discussed on their impact on the construction industry.
Investigate the Potential Peak Energy Reduction of Integrated M-Cycle Evaporative Cooling With HVAC in Hot and Dry Climate
Authors: Almehmadi Fahad , Aljabr Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the potential energy saving of integrated M-Cycle evaporative cooling with HVAC. The model consists of three sub-systems which are thermal model of the typical house in Saudi Arabia, HVAC, and M-Cycle evaporative cooling. A thermal model of the typical house is performed to estimate the cooling load and then an integration between these sub-systems were built in MATLAB Simulink where the dynamic behavior of the whole system is examined. The house was simulated based on the actual hourly outdoor temperature and the physical properties of the house to estimate the cooling loads. To facilitate the simulation, the average hourly temperature is used. The results of the simulation show that energy consumption during peak hours can be reduced by up to 6%. It was found that the control system has a tremendous impact on controlling house temperature and cooling load. The impact of two different control strategies is investigated and their influence on house temperature and cooling loads are determined. It was found that PID control has advantage over On/Off control, in which the temperature in the space environment is kept uniform, and energy consumption is reduced by 20%.
Numerical Analysis for Performance Evaluation of Round Tubes Inserted With Corrugated Twisted Tape
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Singh Raj Kumar , Choudhary Naman , Mukhopadhyay Subham 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Varieties of heat transfer enhancement techniques developed by different researchers. Heat transfer augmentation techniques refer to different methods used to increase rate of heat transfer and basically divided into active, passive and compound heat transfer enhancement technique. Use of twisted tape is one such promising passive heat transfer augmentation technique. In this work a novel design of twisted tape is introduced. An attempt has been made to analyze the effect of newly designed twisted tape on heat transfer enhancement using computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Techniques. Physical time and energy considered for experimentation will be more so in present work simulation has been carried out using ANSYS FLUENT software to find performance of novel twisted tape. The tape considered here is corrugated twisted tape in which corrugations are given longitudinally with fixed angle of corrugation then it is twisted. Comparison in performance of tube without tape, with plain twisted tape and twisted corrugated tape has been done. Verification of model has been done using available correlations for plain tube and tube with plain twisted tape. Range of Reynolds varied from 10,000 to 60,000. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics studied using computational analysis. Nusselt Number and friction factor of round tube with CTT insert is found to be 1.79–1.94 times and 2.5–3.5 times higher respectively compared to round tube without any insert. Thermal performance factor chosen as performance evaluation criteria keeping pumping power constant. Performance of tube with corrugated twisted tape insert found to be better than plain tube (improvement in TPF up to 31%) taking into account both heat transfer and friction factor.
Motion Synthesis for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Motion With Clustering-Based Machine Learning Method
Authors: Chen Wenxiu , Song Wanbing , Chen Haodong , Li Qi , Zhao Ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, mechanical devices such as robots are widely adopted for limb rehabilitation. Due to the variety of human body parameters, the rehabilitation motion for different patient usually has its individual pattern. Thus it is obviously not an optimal solution to use a single motion generator to suit all patients. Yet it would also be unpractical if we design a different motion or even a different mechanism for each user individually. Therefore, in this paper we seek to adopt clustering-based machine learning technique to find a limited number of motion patterns for upper-limb rehabilitation, so that they could represent the large amount of those from people who have various body parameters. Firstly, the trajectory of a specified rehabilitation motion are recorded from various subjects, and then 4 types of machine learning algorithms (spectral clustering, hierarchical clustering, self-organizing mapping neural network and Gaussian mixture model) are implemented and compared. It is shown that spectral clustering (SC) yields the best performance and is hereby adopted to generate three clusters of motion patterns. After regression of each cluster, three types of motion for upper limb-rehabilitation are constructed, which could reflect the trajectories’ similarity and difference of people who have various body parameters. These work will provide help for the design of rehabilitation mechanisms.