bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Fluid Exposure and Recognition of Fluid Overload in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Al-Lawati Zahraa H. , Sur Moushumi , Kennedy Curtis E. , Akcan Arikan Ayse 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Fluid overload is common in the PICU and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether fluid overload is a surrogate marker for severity of illness and need for increased support, an iatrogenic modifiable risk factor, or a sign of oliguria. The proportions of various fluid intake contributing to fluid overload and its recognition have not been adequately examined. We aimed to: 1) describe the types and amounts of fluid exposure in the PICU and 2) identify the clinicians’ recognition of fluid overload.

Setting:
Noncardiac PICU in a quaternary care hospital.

Patients:
Pediatric patients admitted for more than 24 hours.

Design:
Prospective observational study over 28 days.

Interventions:
Data were collected on the amount and type of fluid exposure—resuscitative boluses, blood products, enteral intake, parenteral nutrition (total parenteral nutrition), or modifiable fluids (IV fluids and medications) indexed to the patients’ admission body surface area on days 1 and 3. Charts of patients admitted for 3 days who developed 15% fluid overload were reviewed to assess clinicians’ recognition of fluid overload.

Measurements and Main Results:
One hundred two patients were included. Day 1 median fluid exposure was 2,318 mL/m2 (1,831–3,037 mL/m2; 1,646 mL/m2 [1,296–2,086 mL/m2] modifiable fluids). Forty-seven patients (46%) received fluid boluses, and 16 (16%) received blood products. Day 3 median fluid exposure was 2,233 mL/m2 (1,904–2,556 mL/m2; 750 mL/m2 [375–1,816 mL/m2] modifiable fluids). Of the 54 patients, one patient (1.9%) received a fluid bolus and two (3.7%) received blood products. In our cohort, 47 of 54 (87%) had fluid exposure greater than 1,600 mL/m2 on day 3. Fluid overload was not recognized by the clinicians in 30% of the patients who developed more than 15% fluid overload.

Conclusions:
Although resuscitation fluids contributed more to fluid exposure on day 1 compared with day 3, fluid exposure frequently exceeded maintenance requirements on day 3. Fluid overload was not always recognized by PICU practitioners. Further studies to correlate modifiable fluid exposure to fluid overload and explore modifiable practice improvement opportunities are needed.
Psychometric Design and Validation of an Adverse Event Vulnerability Scale in Prehospital Emergency Care
Authors: Montero García Antonio , Jiménez Guerrero Olga Patricia , Caravias Chaves Esther , González Aranda Lázaro , García Mayor Silvia , Morales Asencio José Miguel 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Care in prehospital emergencies presents differences in terms of safety with respect to that provided in the hospital setting, generating situations of high vulnerability in patients. Vulnerability is intimately related to the possibility of experiencing an adverse event. Currently, there is no validated system to evaluate this issue. The aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument to determine the level of vulnerability of patients treated in the emergency prehospital care.

Methods
A clinimetric validation study was conducted in patients who attended prehospital emergency services.

Results
An eight-item instrument with adequate content validity (0.93) was designed and empirically tested in a sample of 549 subjects (50.1% men and 49.9% women) with an average age of 61.56 years (standard deviation = 19.76). Cronbach α was 0.81, with a good interitem and item-total correlation and interobserver reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% confidence interval = 0.87–0.93). The exploratory factor analysis identified a bifactorial model that explained 61.27% of the total variance, corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis (goodness-of-fit index = 0.97, normed fit index = 0.96, TLI = 0.92, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.093). Instrument scores showed a moderate and significant positive correlation with the age of the subjects (r = 0.31).

Conclusions
The instrument shows a good reliability and validity for its use in the environment of prehospital emergency services, with a structure composed of a group of items related to condition characteristics safety (consciousness, patient communication, risk factors, and patient coping), and mobility, and a second factor including respiratory and medical interventions safety.
Seeing the light: Improving the usability of fluorescence-guided surgery by adding an optimized secondary light source
Authors: Elliott Jonathan T. , Wirth Dennis J. , Davis Scott C. , Olson Jonathan D. , Simmons Nathan E. , Ryken Timothy C. , Paulsen Keith D. , Roberts David W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumors that take up and metabolize 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-AlA) emit bright pink fluorescence when illuminated with blue light, aiding surgeons in identifying the margin of resection. The adoption of this method is hindered by the blue light illumination, which is too dim to safely operate under, and therefore, necessitates switching back and forth from white-light mode. This paper examines the addition of an optimized secondary illuminant adapter (SIA) to improve usability of blue-light mode without degrading tumor contrast.MethodsWe used color science methods to evaluate the color of the secondary illuminant and its impact on color rendering index (CRI) as well as the tumor-to-background color contrast (TBCC). A secondary illuminant adapter was built to provide 475-600 nm light the intensity of which can be controlled by the surgeon and was evaluated in two patients.ResultsSecondary illuminant color had opposing effects on color rendering index (CRI) and tumor to background color contrast (TBCC); providing surgeon control of intensity allows this trade-off to be balanced in real-time. Experience in two cases suggests additional visibility adds value.ConclusionThe addition of a secondary illuminant may mitigate surgeon complaints that the operative field is too dark under the blue light illumination required for 5-ALA fluorescence guidance by providing improved CRI without completely sacrificing TBCC.
APEX2 proximity proteomics resolves flagellum subdomains and identifies flagellum tip-specific proteins inTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Vélez-Ramírez Daniel E. , Shimogawa Michelle M. , Ray Sunayan , Lopez Andrew , Rayatpisheh Shima , Langousis Gerasimos , Gallagher-Jones Marcus , Dean Samuel , Wohlschlegel James A. , Hill Kent L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTTrypanosoma bruceiis the protozoan parasite responsible for sleeping sickness, a lethal vector-borne disease.T. bruceihas a single flagellum that plays critical roles in parasite biology, transmission and pathogenesis. An emerging concept in flagellum biology is that the organelle is organized into subdomains, each having specialized composition and function. Overall flagellum proteome has been well-studied, but a critical gap in knowledge is the protein composition of individual flagellum subdomains. We have therefore used APEX-based proximity proteomics to examine protein composition ofT. bruceiflagellum subdomains. To assess effectiveness of APEX-based proximity labeling, we fused APEX2 to the DRC1 subunit of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex, an axonemal complex distributed along the flagellum. We found that DRC1-APEX2 directs flagellum-specific biotinylation and purification of biotinylated proteins yields a DRC1 “proximity proteome” showing good overlap with proteomes obtained from purified axonemes. We next employed APEX2 fused to a flagellar membrane protein that is restricted to the flagellum tip, adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1), or a flagellar membrane protein that is excluded from the flagellum tip, FS179. Principal component analysis demonstrated the pools of biotinylated proteins in AC1-APEX2 and FS179-APEX2 samples are distinguished from each other. Comparing proteins in these two pools allowed us to identify an AC1 proximity proteome that is enriched for flagellum tip proteins and includes several proteins involved in signal transduction. Our combined results demonstrate that APEX2-based proximity proteomics is effective inT. bruceiand can be used to resolve proteome composition of flagellum subdomains that cannot themselves be readily purified.IMPORTANCESleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease, caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma brucei. The disease disrupts the sleep-wake cycle, leading to coma and death if left untreated.T. bruceimotility, transmission, and virulence depend on its flagellum (aka cilium), which consists of several different specialized subdomains. Given the essential and multifunctional role of theT. bruceiflagellum, there is need of approaches that enable proteomic analysis of individual subdomains. Our work establishes that APEX2 proximity labeling can, indeed, be implemented in the biochemical environment ofT. brucei, and has allowed identification of proximity proteomes for different subdomains. This capacity opens the possibility to study the composition and function of other compartments. We further expect that this approach may be extended to other eukaryotic pathogens, and will enhance the utility ofT. bruceias a model organism to study ciliopathies, heritable human diseases in which cilia function is impaired.
Moderate early-life stress improves adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) spatial short-term memory but does not affect social and anxiety-like responses
Authors: Fontana Barbara D. , Gibbon Alistair J. , Cleal Madeleine , Sudwarts Ari , Pritchett David , Miletto Petrazzini Maria E. , Brennan Caroline H. , Parker Matthew O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly-life stress (ELS) is defined as a short or chronic period of trauma, environmental or social deprivation, which can affect different neurochemical and behavioral patterns during adulthood. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used as a model system to understand human neurodevelopmental disorders and display translationally relevant behavioral and stress-regulating systems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of moderate ELS by exposing young animals (six weeks post-fertilization), for three consecutive days, to three stressors, and analyzing the impact of this on adult zebrafish behavior (sixteen weeks post-fertilization). The ELS impact in adults was assessed though analysis of performance on tests of unconditioned memory (free movement pattern Y-maze test), exploratory and anxiety-related task (novel tank diving test) and social cohesion (shoaling test). Here, we show for the first time that moderate ELS increases the number of pure alternations compared to pure repetitions in the unconditioned Y-maze task, suggesting increased spatial short-term memory, but has no effect on shoal cohesion, locomotor profile or anxiety-like behavior. Overall, our data suggest that moderate ELS may be linked to adaptive flexibility which contributes to build ‘resilience’ in adult zebrafish by improving short-term spatial memory performance.
Machine learning approaches reveal genomic regions associated with sugarcane brown rust resistance
Authors: Aono Alexandre Hild , Costa Estela Araujo , Rody Hugo Vianna Silva , Nagai James Shiniti , Pimenta Ricardo José Gonzaga , Mancini Melina Cristina , dos Santos Fernanda Raquel Camilo , Pinto Luciana Rossini , de Andrade Landell Marcos Guimarães , de Souza Anete Pereira , Kuroshu Reginaldo Massanobu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSugarcane is an economically important crop, but its genomic complexity has hindered advances in molecular approaches for genetic breeding. New cultivars are released based on the identification of interesting traits, and for sugarcane, brown rust resistance is a desirable characteristic due to the large economic impact of the disease. Although marker-assisted selection for rust resistance has been successful, the genes involved are still unknown, and the associated regions vary among cultivars, thus restricting methodological generalization. We used genotyping by sequencing of full-sib progeny to relate genomic regions with brown rust phenotypes. We established a pipeline to identify reliable SNPs in complex polyploid data, which were used for phenotypic prediction via machine learning. We identified 14,540 SNPs, which led to a mean prediction accuracy of 50% by using different models. We also tested feature selection algorithms to increase predictive accuracy, resulting in a reduced dataset with more explanatory power for rust phenotypes. Using different feature selection techniques, we achieved accuracy of up to 95% with a dataset of 131 SNPs related to brown rust QTL regions and auxiliary genes. Therefore, our novel strategy has the potential to assist studies of the genomic organization of brown rust resistance in sugarcane.
Amplitude Analysis of Polarization Modulation Data and 3D-Polarization Demodulation (3D-SPoD)
Authors: Albrecht Andreas , Pfennig Dominik , Nowak Julia , Matis Rainer , Schaks Matthias , Hafi Nour , Rottner Klemens , Walla Peter Jomo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuper-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a technique that uses the amplitude of fluorescence correlation data for improved resolution of fluorescence images. Here, we explore if also the amplitude of superresolution by polarisation demodulation (SPoD) data can be used to gain additional information about the underlying structures. Highly organized experimental as well a simulated actin filament data demonstrate a principle information gain from this approach. In addition, we explored theoretically the benefits of analyzing the entire 3D-polarization information instead of only 2D-projections thereof. Due to fundamental principles, the probability of finding parallel orientations is approaching zero in 3D-SPoD in contrast to 2D-approaches. Using the modulation-amplitude based analysis we explored systematically simulated 3D-single molecules data (for which the true structures are known) under different conditions that are typically observed in experiments. We found that this approach can significantly improve the distinction, reconstruction and localization. In addition, these approaches are less sensitive to uncertainties in the knowledge about the true experimental point-spread-function (PSF) used for reconstruction compared to approaches using non-modulated data. Finally, they can effectively remove higher levels of non-modulated back-ground intensity.
Groucho/TLE opposes axial to hypaxial motor neuron development
Authors: Salin-Cantegrel Adèle , Dali Rola , Wang Jae Woong , Beaulieu Marielle , Deshmukh Mira , Tang Ye Man , Stifani Stefano 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSpinal cord motor neuron diversity and the ensuing variety of motor circuits allow for the processing of elaborate muscular behaviours such as body posture and breathing. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms behind the specification of axial and hypaxial motor neurons controlling postural and respiratory functions respectively. Here we show that the Groucho/TLE (TLE) transcriptional corepressor is a multi-step regulator of axial and hypaxial motor neuron diversification in the developing spinal cord. TLE first promotes axial motor neuron specification at the expense of hypaxial identity by cooperating with non-canonical WNT5A signalling within the motor neuron progenitor domain. TLE further acts during post-mitotic motor neuron diversification to promote axial motor neuron topology and axonal connectivity whilst suppressing hypaxial traits. These findings provide evidence for essential and sequential roles of TLE in the spatial and temporal coordination of events regulating the development of motor neurons influencing posture and controlling respiration.HIGHLIGHTSGroucho/TLE mediates non-canonical WNT signalling in developing motor neuronsNon canonical WNT:TLE pathway regulates thoracic motor neuron diversificationTLE promotes axial while inhibiting hypaxial motor neuron developmentTLE influences developing motor neuron topology and muscle innervationIN BRIEFSalin-Cantegrel et al usein ovoengineered approaches to show that a non-canonical WNT:TLE pathway coordinates temporally and spatially separated elements of motor neuron diversification, repressing hypaxial motor neuron development to promote the axial fate.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTTLE contribution to the development of thoracic somatic motor columnsProgenitor cells in the ventral pMN domain are exposed to higher concentrations of non-canonical WNTs and express more TLE. Cooperation of non-canonical WNTs and TLE renders ventral pMN progenitors refractory to a respiratory MN fate, thereby contributing to the separation of MMC and RMC MN lineages. Differentiating MNs that maintain high TLE expression also maintain LHX3 expression, adopt axial motor neuron topology and connect to axial muscles. TLE activity in differentiating MMC MNs prevents the acquisition of respiratory MN topology and innervation traits.
Crystal structures of the sheeppoxvirus encoded inhibitor of apoptosis SPPV14 bound to Hrk and Bax BH3 peptides
Authors: Suraweera Chathura D. , Burton Denis R. , Hinds Mark G. , Kvansakul Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProgrammed death of infected cells is used by multicellular organisms to counter viral infections. Sheeppoxvirus encodes for SPPV14, a potent inhibitor of Bcl-2 mediated apoptosis. We reveal the structural basis of apoptosis inhibition by determining crystal structures of SPPV14 bound to BH3 motifs of proapoptotic Bax and Hrk. The structures show that SPPV14 engages BH3 peptides using the canonical ligand binding groove. Unexpectedly, Arg84 from SPPV14 forms an ionic interaction with the conserved Asp in the BH3 motif in a manner that replaces the canonical ionic interaction seen in almost all host Bcl-2:BH3 motif complexes. These results reveal the flexibility of virus encoded Bcl-2 proteins to mimic key interactions from endogenous host signalling pathways to retain BH3-binding and pro-survival functionality.
Genome assembly and annotation ofMacadamia tetraphylla
Authors: Niu Ying-Feng , Li Guo-Hua , Ni Shu-Bang , He Xi-Yong , Zheng Cheng , Liu Zi-Yan , Gong Li-Dan , Kong Guang-Hong , Liu Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMacadamia is a kind of evergreen nut trees which belong to the Proteaceae family. The two commercial macadamia species,Macadamia integrifoliaandM. tetraphylla, are highly prized for their edible kernels. Catherine et al. reportedM. integrifoliagenome using NGS sequencing technology. However, the lack of a high-quality assembly forM. tetraphyllahinders the progress in biological research and breeding program. In this study, we report a high-quality genome sequence ofM. tetraphyllausing the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) technology. We generated an assembly of 750.54 Mb with a contig N50 length of 1.18 Mb, which is close to the size estimated by flow cytometry and k-mer analysis. Repetitive sequence represent 58.57% of the genome sequence, which is strikingly higher compared withM. integrifolia. A total of 31,571 protein-coding genes were annotated with an average length of 6,055 bp, of which 92.59% were functionally annotated. The genome sequence ofM. tetraphyllawill provide novel insights into the breeding of novel strains and genetic improvement of agronomic traits.
SnToxA, SnTox1andSnTox3originated inParastagonospora nodorumin the Fertile Crescent
Authors: Ghaderi Fariba , Sharifnabi Bahram , Javan-Nikkhah Mohammad , Brunner Patrick C. , McDonald Bruce A. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe center of origin of the globally distributed wheat pathogenParastagnospora nodorumhas remained uncertain because only a small number of isolates from the Fertile Crescent, a region in the Middle East where wheat was domesticated from wild grasses, were included in earlier population genetic and phylogeographic studies. We isolated and genetically analyzed 193P. nodorumstrains from three naturally infected wheat fields distributed across Iran, a country located within the Fertile Crescent, using eleven neutral microsatellite loci. Compared to previous studies that included populations from North America, Europe, Africa, Australia and China, the populations from Iran had the highest genetic diversity globally and also exhibited greater population structure over smaller spatial scales, patterns typically associated with a species’ center of origin. Genes encoding the necrotrophic effectorsSnToxA, SnTox1andSnTox3were found at a high frequency in the Iranian population. By sequencing 96 randomly chosen Iranian strains, we detected new alleles for all three effector genes. Analyses of allele diversity showed that all three effector genes had higher diversity in Iran than in any population included in previous studies, with Iran acting as a hub for the effector diversity that was found in other global populations. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis thatP. nodorumoriginated either within or nearby the Fertile Crescent with a genome that already encoded all three necrotrophic effectors during its emergence as a pathogen on wheat. Our findings also suggest thatP. nodorumwas the original source of theToxAgenes discovered in the wheat pathogensPhaeosphaeria avenariaf. sp.tritici1,Pyrenophora tritici-repentisandBipolaris sorokiniana.
Modeling of rotavirus transmission dynamics and impact of vaccination in Ghana
Authors: Asare Ernest O. , Al-Mamun Mohammad A. , Armah George E. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Parashar Umesh D. , Binka Fred , Pitzer Virginia E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRotavirus incidence remains relatively high in low-income countries (LICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs) after vaccine introduction. Ghana introduced monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2012 and despite the high coverage, vaccine performance has been modest compared to developed countries. The predictors of low vaccine effectiveness in LICs are poorly understood, and the drivers of subnational heterogeneity in rotavirus vaccine impact are unknown.MethodsWe used mathematical models to investigate variations in rotavirus incidence in children <5 years old in Ghana. We fit models to surveillance and case-control data from three different hospitals: Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, and War Memorial Hospital in Navrongo. The models were fitted to both pre- and post-vaccine data to estimate parameters describing the transmission rate, waning of maternal immunity, and vaccine response rate.ResultsThe seasonal pattern and age distribution of rotavirus cases varied among the three study sites in Ghana. Our model was able to capture the spatio-temporal variations in rotavirus incidence across the three sites and showed good agreement with the age distribution of observed cases. The rotavirus transmission rate was highest in Accra and lowest in Navrongo, while the estimated duration of maternal immunity was longer (∼5 months) in Accra and Kumasi and shorter (∼3 months) in Navrongo. The proportion of infants who responded to the vaccine was estimated to be high in Accra and Kumasi and low in Navrongo.ConclusionsRotavirus vaccine impact varies within Ghana. A low vaccine response rate was estimated for Navrongo, where rotavirus is highly seasonal and incidence limited to a few months of the year. Our findings highlight the need to further explore the relationship between rotavirus seasonality, maternal immunity, and vaccine response rate to determine how they influence vaccine effectiveness and to develop strategies to improve vaccine impact.HighlightsMarked variations in rotavirus incidence and vaccine impact within GhanaSimilar rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introductionA shift in age distribution occurred following vaccine introductionThe models provide satisfactory predictions of rotavirus outbreaks and vaccine impact