bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband linearizer based on equivalent power‐dependent impedance function of diode and load match network
Authors: Hao Peng , He Songbai , You Fei , Ge Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband linearizer based on equivalent power‐dependent impedance function (PDIF) of diode and load match network (LMN). A method to measure the PDIF is proposed, then the broadband LMN can be synthesized by using the PDIF and the transfer characteristic of the amplifier to realize a broadband linearizer. To verify the proposed method, a linearizer for a 100 W traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) is designed and measured from 29 to 31 GHz. By using the linearizer, the output 1‐dB compression point (OP1dB) has increased by more than 1.2 dB, and phase error has reduced by more than 16.9°. Then a two‐tone signal with 100 MHz spacing is used for test, the results show that 12.2 to 14.6 dB suppression of third‐order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) is achieved over the working frequency range without bias tuning.
Response to the paper by H. Zia, B. Lecampion “Explicit versus implicit front advancing schemes for the simulation of hydraulic fracture growth” (Int. J. Numer.Anal. Methods Geomech., 2019, 43 (6), 1300–1315)
Authors: Linkov Aleksandr 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe response presents three comments, which (i) explain theoretical background for the success of the explicit front advancing scheme by Zia and Lecampion (comment 1), (ii) suggest possible extensions (comment 2), and (iii) pay attention on expected limitations of the scheme to be checked by the authors in numerical experiments (comment 3). The response does not intend to present novel results: it is entirely based on known results published in the references cited.
Large‐scale zone‐based evacuation planning—Part I: Models and algorithms
Authors: Hafiz Hasan Mohd. , Van Hentenryck Pascal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn zone‐based evacuation planning, the region to evacuate is divided into zones, and each zone must be assigned a path to safety and departure times along the path. Zone‐based evacuations are highly desirable in practice because they allow emergency services to communicate evacuation orders and to control the evacuation more precisely. Zone‐based evacuations may also be combined with contraflows (to maximize the network capacities) and may impose additional constraints on the evacuation path (e.g., path convergence) and the departure times (e.g., non‐preemption). This paper synthesizes existing models and algorithms for large‐scale zone‐based evacuation planning and complements them with some new ones to fill some of the gaps in the design space. Each model and algorithm is also extended to accommodate contraflows. A companion paper evaluates them on a real, large‐scale case study, both from a macroscopic standpoint and through microscopic simulations under a variety of assumptions.
On the numerical solution of ill‐conditioned linear systems by regularization and iteration
Authors: Spigler Renato 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe propose to reduce the (spectral) condition number of a given linear system by adding a suitable diagonal matrix to the system matrix, in particular by shifting its spectrum. Iterative procedures are then adopted to recover the solution of the original system. The case of real symmetric positive definite matrices is considered in particular, and several numerical examples are given. This approach has some close relations with Riley's method and with Tikhonov regularization. Moreover, we identify approximately the aforementioned procedure with a true action of preconditioning.
Simultaneous topology and fastener layout optimization of assemblies considering joint failure
Authors: Ambrozkiewicz Olaf , Kriegesmann Benedikt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article provides a method for the simultaneous topology optimization of parts and their corresponding joint locations in an assembly. Therein, the joint locations are not discrete and predefined, but continuously movable. The underlying coupling equations allow for connecting dissimilar meshes and avoid the need for remeshing when joint locations change. The presented method models the force transfer at a joint location not only by using single spring elements but accounts for the size and type of the joints. When considering riveted or bolted joints, the local part geometry at the joint location consists of holes that are surrounded by material. For spot welds, the joint locations are filled with material and may be smaller than for bolts. The presented method incorporates these material and clearance zones into the simultaneously running topology optimization of the parts. Furthermore, failure of joints may be taken into account at the optimization stage, yielding assemblies connected in a fail‐safe manner.
Discontinuous Galerkin method for the coupled Stokes‐Biot model
Authors: Wen Jing , Su Jian , He Yinnian , Chen Hongbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a semi‐discrete scheme and a fully discrete scheme of the Stokes‐Biot model are proposed, and we analyze the semi‐discrete scheme in detail. First of all, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the semi‐discrete scheme, and a‐priori error estimates are derived. Then, we present the same conclusions for the fully discrete scheme. Finally, under both matching and non‐matching meshes some numerical tests are given to validate the analysis of convergence, which well support the theoretical results.
How Does the Probability of Purchasing Moderately Sugary Beverages and 100% Fruit Juice Vary Across Sugar Tax Structures?
Authors: Acton Rachel B. , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Hammond David 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSugar‐sweetened beverage taxes are increasingly used to discourage sugar intake; however, the impact on consumer preferences for particular products is largely unknown. This study explored the impact of two tax structures (tiered vs. nontiered and inclusive vs. exclusive of 100% fruit juice) on participants’ probability of purchasing moderately sugary beverages and 100% fruit juice.MethodsA sample of 3,584 Canadians aged 13 years and older completed a series of beverage purchasing tasks, each corresponding to a different tax condition, within an experimental marketplace. Tax conditions included a no‐tax control, plus four taxes varying by structure (tiered vs. nontiered) and whether or not 100% fruit juice was included.ResultsThe odds of purchasing a moderately sugary beverage were higher under tiered versus nontiered taxes. Purchases of higher sugar beverages differed little across tiered versus nontiered structures. Odds of purchasing 100% fruit juice were lower when these products were taxed versus not taxed.ConclusionsResults suggest that two key tax structures are likely to function as expected; taxes including 100% fruit juice products may lead to lower probability of purchasing fruit juice, and taxes incorporating multiple tiers may be more likely to encourage purchases of moderately sugary products than nontiered formats.
Adrenomedullin Attenuates Inflammation in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats Through Receptor‐Mediated PKA Pathway
Authors: Dai Hang‐Bing , Wang Fang‐Zheng , Kang Ying , Sun Jing , Zhou Hong , Gao Qing , Li Zhen‐Zhen , Qian Pei , Zhu Guo‐Qing , Zhou Ye‐Bo 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveAdrenomedullin (ADM) possesses therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the effects of ADM on inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats or in adipocytes were explored in this study.MethodsMale rats were fed a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and obese rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps providing constant infusion of ADM (300 ng/kg per hour) and continued to be fed a high‐fat diet for 4 weeks.ResultsWhen compared with the control group, endogenous protein expression of ADM and ADM receptors in vWAT and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated adipocytes was markedly increased. ADM significantly decreased the protein expression of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL‐1β, cyclooxygenase‐2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in vWAT of obese rats and in adipocytes stimulated by LPS. It also inhibited the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathways MAPK and NF‐κB induced by LPS in adipocytes. These effects of ADM in adipocytes were inhibited by the administration of ADM receptor antagonist and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) activation inhibitor.ConclusionsADM can inhibit inflammation in WAT in obesity, which may be mediated by the activation of ADM receptors and PKA.
Conservation concern among Australian undergraduates is associated with childhood socio‐cultural experiences
Authors: Pinder Jessica , Fielding Kelly S. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Fostering widespread concern for conservation problems requires a robust understanding of the life experiences that positively contribute to an individual's conservation attitudes and behaviours. However, few studies have assessed a comprehensive range of social and experiential predictors of conservation concern.

Using survey responses from 391 undergraduate students enrolled in various course disciplines across Australia, we describe the relationships between five major constructs of early‐life experiences and two measures of conservation concern: a preference for a conservation career and positive conservation attitudes.

We find that conservation career preferences are positively associated with childhood preferences for nature‐related books, movies and school subjects, biospheric family value orientations and environmental volunteering. Conservation attitudes were positively associated with biospheric family value orientations and environmental volunteering.

Both constructs were negatively associated with egoistic family values and childhood experiences of nature were not a significant factor in either of our models.

This suggests that limited nature experiences do not necessarily impede the development of conservation concern in young Australians, and that family values and experiences with environmental organizations, nature‐related storylines and school subjects may help to foster greater conservation concern.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Tonic pupil size and its variability are associated with fluid intelligence in adolescents aged 11–14 years
Authors: Lu Runhao , Zhang Xingli , Shi Jiannong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTonic pupil size and its variability are sensitive to cognitive abilities (such as fluid intelligence [Gf]) among individuals. The present study aimed to examine this relationship in a new sample set (i.e., adolescents aged 11–14 years) with several important factors considered. We conducted two task‐free tasks (the blank‐screen viewing task and the scene viewing task) to measure tonic pupil size and its variability in 11–14‐year‐old adolescents with different Gf levels and preliminarily tested the role of task type and stimuli's luminance on this relationship. The results found that high‐Gf adolescents showed smaller tonic pupil size in both tasks but showed larger variability of tonic pupil size in the blank‐screen viewing task. Task type and stimuli's luminance could influence tonic pupil size and its variability in different ways. Cognitive and underlying neural mechanisms of these results are discussed to provide an explanation and suggestions for future studies.
Using real‐world evidence for pharmacovigilance and drug safety‐related decision making by a resource‐limited health authority: 10 years of experience in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Wen‐Wen , Lin Chih‐Wan , Huang Wei‐I , Chao Pi‐Hui , Gau Churn‐Shiouh , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeReal‐world evidence has become increasingly relevant in regulatory decision making. Compared to large regulatory bodies, the national pharmacovigilance system in Taiwan is still under development, and the aim of this study is to demonstrate how a resource‐limited health authority utilizes real‐world evidence in decision making.MethodsWe described different sources of real‐world data available in Taiwan and illustrated the structural framework that integrates real‐world evidence into Taiwan's national pharmacovigilance system. Additionally, we reviewed real‐world studies conducted in the past 10 years and provided examples to show how these studies influenced drug safety‐related decision making in Taiwan.ResultsDuring the past 10 years, real‐world evidence used when making drug safety‐related regulatory decisions in Taiwan was mainly generated from nationwide claims databases, but other sources of real‐world data, such as national registries and large electronic hospital databases, also became available recently. Different types of real‐world evidence, including drug utilization studies, risk evaluation studies, and risk minimization measure evaluation studies, have been used to support regulatory decisions in Taiwan.ConclusionsThrough collaborations between the government and academics, Taiwan has started to integrate real‐world evidence into the national pharmacovigilance system. However, future efforts, including linkages between different sources of real‐world data and improvements in procedural and methodological practices, are needed to generate more regulatory‐quality real‐world evidence.
Validity of diagnosis and procedure codes for identifying neural tube defects in infants
Authors: Cheetham T. Craig , Dublin Sascha , Pocobelli Gaia , Bobb Jennifer F. , Andrade Susan , Hechter Rulin C. , Portugal Cecilia , Munis Mercedes , Albertson‐Junkans Ladia , Salgado Gladys , Wong Lawrence , Maarup Timothy J. , Carroll Kecia , Griffin Marie R. , Raebel Marsha A. , Smith David , Li De‐Kun , Pawloski Pamala A. , Toh Sengwee , Taylor Lockwood , Hua Wei , Dinatale Miriam , Ceresa Carrie , Trinidad James P. , Boudreau Denise M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe use of validated criteria to identify birth defects in electronic healthcare databases can avoid the cost and time‐intensive efforts required to conduct chart reviews to confirm outcomes. This study evaluated the validity of various case‐finding methodologies to identify neural tube defects (NTDs) in infants using an electronic healthcare database.MethodsThis analysis used data generated from a study whose primary aim was to evaluate the association between first‐trimester maternal prescription opioid use and NTDs. The study was conducted within the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program. A broad approach was used to identify potential NTDs including diagnosis and procedure codes from inpatient and outpatient settings, death certificates and birth defect flags in birth certificates. Potential NTD cases were chart abstracted and confirmed by clinical experts. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported.ResultsThe cohort included 113 168 singleton live‐born infants: 55 960 infants with opioid exposure in pregnancy and 57 208 infants unexposed in pregnancy. Seventy‐three potential NTD cases were available for the validation analysis. The overall PPV was 41% using all diagnosis and procedure codes plus birth certificates. Restricting approaches to codes recorded in the infants' medical record or to birth certificate flags increased the PPVs (72% and 80%, respectively) but missed a substantial proportion of confirmed NTDs.ConclusionsCodes in electronic healthcare data did not accurately identify confirmed NTDs. These results indicate that chart review with adjudication of outcomes is important when conducting observational studies of NTDs using electronic healthcare data.
CPRD Aurum database: Assessment of data quality and completeness of three important comorbidities
Authors: Persson Rebecca , Vasilakis‐Scaramozza Catherine , Hagberg Katrina Wilcox , Sponholtz Todd , Williams Tim , Myles Puja , Jick Susan S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) now provides a new medical record database, CPRD Aurum. This is the second of several studies being undertaken to assess the quality of CPRD Aurum data for research.MethodsWe included patients aged 20+, with at least one lab test result of any type from a random sample of 50 000 patients in CPRD Aurum. We assessed whether diagnosis codes for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and iron deficiency or unspecified anemia were accompanied by supporting codes including lab results and treatments (correctness) and whether lab results, treatments, or other codes indicate a missing diagnosis record (completeness).ResultsAmong 37 502 patients in CPRD Aurum, correctness of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and anemia diagnoses was high (99%, 93%, and 97%, respectively). Completeness was only high for type 2 diabetes (94%‐98%); completeness for hypercholesterolemia and anemia diagnoses was modest even when the presence of treatments and lab results indicated the conditions were likely present (51%‐59% and 58%‐70%, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that for studies of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and iron deficiency or unspecified anemia, the diagnosis code is likely to be correct where present. However, a significant proportion of cases of hyperlipidemia or anemia will be missed if only diagnosis codes are used to select patients with these conditions. Researchers should consider using treatments, supporting codes, and, when available, lab data to supplement diagnosis codes and enhance case capture when including these conditions in studies using CPRD Aurum.
Urinary Peptides Significantly Associate with COVID‐19 Severity: Pilot Proof‐of‐Principle Data and Design of a Multicentric Diagnostic Study
Authors: Wendt Ralph , Kalbitz Sven , Lübbert Christoph , Kellner Nils , Macholz Martin , Schroth Stefanie , Ermisch Jörg , Latosisnka Agnieszka , Arnold Benjamin , Mischak Harald , Hartmut Beige Joachim , Metzger Jochen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in a mild‐to‐moderate disease course in most patients, allowing outpatient self‐care and quarantine. However, in ≈10% of cases a two‐ or three‐phasic critical disease course with starting from day 7 to 10 is observed. To facilitate and plan outpatient care, biomarkers prognosing such worsening at an early stage appear of outmost importance. In this accelerated article, the identification of urinary peptides significantly associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and the development of a multi‐marker urinary peptide based test, COVID20, that may enable prognosis of critical and fatal outcomes in COVID‐19 patients is reported. COVID20 is composed of 20 endogenous peptides mainly derived from various collagen chains that enable differentiating moderate or severe disease from critical state or death with 83% sensitivity at 100% specificity. Based on the performance in this pilot study, testing in a prospective study on 1000 patients has been initiated.
Association between physical activity and short‐term physical function changes after hip fracture: An observational study
Authors: Taylor Nicholas F. , Peiris Casey L. , Thompson Anne L. , Prendergast Luke A. , Harding Katherine E. , Hau Raphael , Shields Nora 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo investigate whether physical activity levels are predictive of short‐term changes in physical function for people discharged to independent living in the community following withdrawal of rehabilitation services after hip fracture; and to describe short‐term recovery in physical activity, physical function, walking confidence, health‐related quality of life and walking participation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study comprised 57 older adults (39 females, mean age 80.4, SD 8.4 years) living independently in the community after hip fracture. Accelerometer‐based physical activity, physical function (Functional Independence Measure [FIM], de Morton Mobility Index, Frenchay Activities Index and Participation in outdoor walking), walking confidence and health‐related quality of life were measured after discharge from rehabilitation services (baseline) and 12 weeks later. Multiple linear regression analyses determined the ability of physical activity (daily steps), walking self‐confidence, health‐related quality of life and demographic factors (age, sex and time since fracture) to predict Week 12 physical function using Week 0 physical function as a covariate.ResultsParticipants at baseline averaged 4439 daily steps which did not change 12 weeks later. There were small increases in all measures of physical function and walking confidence, but not health‐related quality of life. Increased walking self‐confidence was associated with an increase in FIM total, FIM mobility and de Morton Index scores. Physical activity did not predict change in measures of physical function.ConclusionsWalking confidence of adults discharged from rehabilitation services after hip fracture had a greater association with short‐term recovery of physical function than level of physical activity. Community‐dwelling adults continue to make small short‐term improvements in physical function and walking confidence after discharge home and withdrawal of rehabilitation services.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 10
Authors: Qu Ren‐Yu , Yang Jing‐Fang , Chen Qiong , Niu Cong‐Wei , Xi Zhen , Yang Wen‐Chao , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: September 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Fragment‐based discovery of flexible inhibitor targeting wild‐type acetohydroxyacid synthase and P197L mutant by Ren‐Yu Qu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5739.image
Insecticidal activity of the extract, fractions, and pure steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianumWall. ex D. Don for the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostellaL.) and aphid (Aphis craccivoraKoch)
Authors: Dolma Shudh K , Suresh Patil S , Singh Prithvi P , Sharma Upendra , Reddy Sajjalavarahalli G E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlutella xylostella L. is the major pest of crucifers globally, causing significant yield loss. Aphis craccivora Koch is the main sucking pest of legumes that transmit viral diseases, leading to economic yield reduction. To minimize loss due to pests, farmers/growers use synthetic insecticides frequently for their control, which led to insecticide resistance, detrimental to natural enemies of pest, environment, etc. Therefore, in this study, the insecticidal activity of plant extract, fractions, and pure steroidal saponins from Trillium govanianum was evaluated for their bio‐efficacy against targeted pests.RESULTSParent extract was found more effective (LC50 = 1541.2 mg L−1) against larvae of P. xylostella after 96 h than n‐butanol, n‐hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions (LC50 = 3030, 3578 and 3878.1 mg L−1, respectively). For A. craccivora, ethyl acetate fraction (LC50 = 2186.3 mg L−1) was most effective after 96 h than n‐hexane fraction (LC50 = 2234.6 mg L−1), n‐butanol fraction (LC50 = 2696.3 mg L−1) and parent extract (LC50 = 3709.1 mg L−1). Among pure molecules, govanoside B was found more effective (76% mortality, LC50 = 3279.5 mg L−1) followed by borassoside E (74%, LC50 = 3467.1 mg L−1) against A. craccivora after 96 h.CONCLUSIONParent extract/fractions of T. govanianum showed promising efficacy against larvae of P. xylostella and A. craccivora. Further, field study is required for its bio‐efficacy against targeted pests for validation and formulation development.