bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochra-toxin A in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) from Tunisia
Authors: Lasram S. , Hamdi Z. , Ghorbel A. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species. In this primarily survey, we examined the OTA and AFB1 contamination of pearl millet grains distributed in Tunisia.
Methods: Twenty-five pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) samples from different regions of Tunisia were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector in order to evaluate the contamination with of AFB1 and OTA. Statistical tests were performed with XLSTAT 2018.
Results: AFB1 and OTA were detected in 32 and 28% millet samples, respectively. Mean amounts of these mycotoxins in the contaminated samples were of 24.54±17.54 µg/kg for OTA and 22.72±23.09 µg/kg for AFB1. Approximately, 28 and 24% of analyzed samples were found above the European Union limits for AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The estimated daily intake of OTA and AFB1 were 3.76 and 3.89 ng/kg b.w. per day, respectively. No significantly (p>0.05) difference in OTA and AFB1 contamination rate was found between samples taken from different regions.
Conclusion: Consumption of millet in Tunisia might be an important contributing factor to the risk of dietary exposure to OTA and AFB1
Comportamiento antisocial durante la adolescencia: teoría, investigación y programas de prevención
Authors: Herrera Dora , Morales Córdova Hugo 
Published: September 2020

La multicausalidad del comportamiento antisocial durante la adolescencia parece no sólo obedecer a la combinación de múltiples factores de riesgo ubicados en diferentes niveles del desarrollo humano, sino también a procesos históricos y culturales que afectan de manera diferenciada a varias generaciones de jóvenes desde su temprana infancia. Este artículo revisa las principales teorías explicativas del comportamiento antisocial durante la adolescencia, enfatizando en la teoría neuropsicológica de la Taxonomía del Desarrollo de la Conducta Antisocial propuesta por Terrie E. Moffitt (1993, 1994, 1996, 2003). Asimismo, se mencionan algunos estudios realizados que confirman la validez transcultural del modelo teórico de Moffitt y sus contribuciones para el diseño de programas de prevención del delito entre población adolescente y juvenil en nuestro medio.
Significados de la organización y participación comunitaria en comunidades vulnerables de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Cueto Rosa María , Seminario Evelyn , Balbuena Anna 
Published: September 2020

Se analizan los significados y las valoraciones de pobladores de zonas marginales de Lima Metropolitana respecto a los procesos de organización y participación en sus comunidades. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas en profundidad en 3 asentamientos del cono sur. Los resultados evidencian que las redes familiares y comunitarias son valoradas como recursos para afrontar los desafíos de un contexto percibido como precario y lleno de limitaciones. La organización y la participación comunitaria ocupan un lugar importante en el discurso como estrategias para la superación de las dificultades y se valoran positivamente, a pesar de la falta de experiencias positivas recientes y de un probable desgaste debido a la sobreutilización de estos recursos locales en la resolución de problemas colectivos.
Does the Quality of Source Notes Matter? An Exploratory Study of Source-based Academic Writing
Authors: Neumann Heike , Leu Sarah , McDonough Kim , Gil Leslie , Crawford Bonnie 
Published: September 2020

Integrated writing tasks have increased in popularity in second language writing classrooms. Extensive research on these tasks has examined the challenges that students face when completing such tasks. One significant challenge is the transformation of source language use when students integrate source information into their own essays. However, little is known about the relationship between students’ source notes and the quality of the essays that they produce. This exploratory study examined this issue by investigating the relationship between characteristics of English for academic purposes (EAP) students’ notes (N = 24) and their essay scores. The students’ notes were coded in terms of how they appropriated information from the source texts using four categories: copied, copied with changes, copied with gaps, and paraphrased. A multiple linear regression revealed that essay scores were predicted by the degree to which the students transformed source language and avoided copying. The implications of these findings for second language (L2) writing pedagogy and assessment are discussed.
Les tâches de rédaction intégrée deviennent de plus en plus populaires dans les classes de rédaction en seconde langue. Ces tâches ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches qui ont étudié les défis auxquels font face les étudiants lorsqu’ils les exécutent. Un défi de taille est la transformation de l’utilisation de la langue source lorsque les étudiants intègrent l’information tirée des sources dans leurs rédactions. Cependant, on ne sait pas grand chose sur la relation entre les notes des étudiants provenant des sources et la qualité des rédactions qu’ils produisent. Cette étude exploratoire s’est intéressée à ce problème étudiant la relation entre les caractéris- tiques des notes des étudiants dans les cours d’anglais académique (N = 24) et les notes obtenues pour leurs rédactions. Les notes des étudiants ont été classées en quatre catégories selon la façon dont ils s’appropriaient l’information des textes sources : copiées, copiées avec des changements, copiées avec des lacunes et para- phrasées. Une régression multiple linéaire a révélé que les notes obtenues pour les rédactions étaient prédites par le degré auquel les étudiants avaient transformé la langue source et avaient évité de copier. On discute des implications de ces résultats pour la pédagogie et l’évaluation de la rédaction en langue seconde (L 2).
Prakonsentrasi Ion Cd(II) dalam Sampel Pupuk Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium (NPK) Menggunakan Alumina Teraktivasi sebagai Material Pengisi Kolom
Authors: Simanjuntak Lossi Hotmaida , Erwin Erwin , Panggabean Aman Sentosa 
Published: September 2020

<p>Prakonsentrasi ion Cd(II) dalam sampel pupuk nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium (NPK) menggunakan alumina teraktivasi sebagai material pengisi kolom telah dilakukan. Alumina terlebih dahulu diaktivasi dengan NaOH pada pH 8 sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam kolom. Beberapa parameter penting dalam tahapan prakonsentrasi yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja analitik pengukuran telah ditentukan menggunakan instrumen spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum tahapan prakonsentrasi ion Cd(II), adalah pada volume sampel 10 mL, volume HNO3 adalah 4 mL pada konsentrasi 0,5 M, dengan nilai kapasitas retensi adalah 1,4113 mg Cd(II)/g alumina. Kinerja analitik pengukuran metode sangat baik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai batas deteksi metode adalah 2,7997 μg/L. Presisi metode dinyatakan sebagai persentase koefisien variansi adalah 4,03%. Penggunaan alumina sebagai bahan pengisi kolom dapat meningkatkan signal sebesar 2,5 kali dibandingkan dengan pengukuran ion Cd(II) secara langsung. Akurasi metode ini sangat baik, dengan nilai persen perolehan kembali adalah 91,67 – 103,49%, menunjukkan bahwa matriks sampel tidak mempengaruhi hasil pengukuran, sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk analisis ion Cd(II) dalam sampel pupuk NPK. Estimasi ketidakpastian metode ini juga telah dihitung dan ditunjukkan dengan nilai persen ketidakpastian adalah 14,16%.</p><p><strong>Preconcentration of Cd(II) Ion in Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Kalium (NPK) Fertilizer Sample Using Activated Alumina as a Column Filler Material</strong>. The research about preconcentration of Cd(II) in NPK fertilizer using activated alumina as a column filler material was done. The column used a filler material of alumina previously activated using NaOH at pH 8. Some important parameters in the preconcentration stage are able to increase the analytical performance, determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of the research shows the optimum condition of preconcentration stage Cd(II) ion are volume of the sample was 10 mL, the volume of eluent HNO3 was 4 mL with a concentration of 0.5 M, with the retention of capacity value was 1.4113 mg Cd(II)/g alumina. The analytical performance of this method is good, shown with the limit of detection value was 2.7997 μg/L. The precision of this method was indicated by the percentage of the coefficient variance of 4.03%. Alumina used as a filler column can increase the signal up to 2.5 times for direct Cd(II) ions measurement. The accuracy of this method is excellent, with the recovery percentage value was 91.67 – 103.49%, indicating that the matrices of NPK fertilizer give no effect on the results of measurements, and this method was capable of analyzing Cd(II) ions in NPK fertilizer. The uncertainty of this method was estimated as the percentage of the uncertainty of 14.16%.</p>
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Silikat Terhadap Laju Korosi Paduan Aluminium dalam Lingkungan Natrium Klorida 3,5%
Authors: Rukiah Rukiah , Putra Diding Mandala , Solihudin Solihudin , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika 
Published: September 2020

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-16dbe470-7fff-c41c-0744-77bf71d25737"><span>Korosi merupakan proses penurunan kualitas logam akibat reaksi logam dengan lingkungannya. Air laut merupakan salah satu sistem yang korosif karena tingginya kadar ion klorida. Ion silikat dengan konsentrasi optimum mampu memperlambat laju korosi pada logam, seperti aluminium. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ion silikat dalam larutan natrium klorida 3,5% terhadap laju korosi aluminium yang diuji dengan metode potensiostat dan dihitung dengan Ekstrapolasi Tafel. Pengaruh konsentrasi ion silikat terhadap laju korosi diamati pada variasi konsentrasinya yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mM. Konsentrasi optimum natrium silikat untuk menurunkan laju korosi adalah 25 mM, laju korosi turun dari 0,0118 menjadi 0,0084 mm/tahun. Sebaliknya, penambahan konsentrasi natrium silikat hingga 100 mM, dapat meningkatkan laju korosi menjadi 0,101 mm/tahun.</span></span></p><p><span><span><span id="docs-internal-guid-17392559-7fff-0660-df12-7a65eee22bac"><span><strong>The Effect of Sodium Silicate Concentration on the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum Alloy in Sodium Chloride 3.5%.</strong> </span><span>Corrosion is a process of decreasing the quality of metals due to the reaction of metals with their environment. Seawater is one of the corrosive systems because of the high levels of chloride ions. Silicate ions with optimum concentrations can slow the rate of corrosion in metals, such as aluminum. This research examines the effect of silicate ions on the aluminum corrosion rate in a solution of sodium chloride 3.5%, tested by the potentiostat method and calculated by Tafel extrapolation. The effect of silicate ion concentration on the corrosion rate was observed in various concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM. The optimum concentration of sodium silicate in reducing the corrosion rate is 25 mM, in which the corrosion rate drops from 0.0118 to 0.0084 mm/year. Conversely, increasing the concentration of sodium silicate to 100 mM increased the corrosion rate to 0.101 mm/year.</span></span></span></span></p>
al-Tawkīd fī Sūrat al-Kahfi, wa-Maryam, wa-Ṭāha: Dirāsah Taḥlīlīyah Naḥwīyah
Authors: Bin Abdul Hakim Muhammad Kamal , Barnabas Raden Ahmad , Mushilah Kaisah 
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the contents of the statement about emphasis (tawkīd) on sūrat al-Kahfi, Maryam, and Ṭāha. The used method in this research is a qualitative descriptive method and used a classification table to specify the explanation. Tawkīd is an affirmation language style that useful to emphasize expression and eliminate hesitation. Tawkīd is used for emphasizing certainty and causing it accepted in the listener’s mind and heart. Based on data analysis conducted by the researcher, deduced that on sūrat al-Kahfi, Maryam and Ṭāha found 58 kinds of tawkīd. 55 (95%) were tawkīd lafẓī, and 3 (5%) were tawkīd ma‘nawī. Besides, they found 154 different kinds from the articles of tawkīd which is divided into 8 types. Those were 8 (5%) of lām, and 51 (32%) of innā, and 13 (8%) of annā, and 23 (15%) of qad, and 21 (13%) of sīn or sawfa, and 18 (12%) of lan, and researchers were not found the type lām juḥūd from the kinds of tawkīd articles.
Performance assessment of children based on the selected motor tests
Authors: Babuśka-Roczniak Magdalena , Roczniak Wojciech , Brańska-Januszewska Justyna , Wojtanowska-Kaczka Magdalena , Cipora Elżbieta , Konieczny Magdalena , Kijowska-Sieroń Klaudia , Roczniak-Zubrycka Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Speed of movement refers to the max. speed of moves that an individual is able to perform, associated with the optimal activation of muscle fibers. It increases until the age of 15 in girls and 18 in boys, with the fastest rate 6–14 years of age. In boys, 2 periods of a particularly intense increase in speed are observed: 7–10 and 13–15 years of age.
The aim of the study was to assess the level of speed in girls and boys aged 9–10-years-old from school groups with an extended physical education program and those from regular groups.

Materials and methods: This study, performed every year 2003–2013, involved 470 children aged 9–10 years, finishing the 3rd year of the primary school. A 30 m run and long jump were used to test the speed of the children. The study method was based on the selected elements of the Denisiuk test.

Results: The tests showed that boys were faster than girls. Every year, they obtained better average score for the 30 m run and tests. The lowest difference between sexes was noted in 2013. We also demonstrated that almost in all years the candidates for cross-country skiers were faster than the students assigned to groups with no extra sports classes.

Conclusions: Our study confirmed higher speed in 9–10-year-old boys than in girls, especially in long jump tests. Children with higher fitness level were faster than their less active peers. The deterioration of speed test results in the subsequent years of the study is an unfavorable trend that requires further long-term research.
Geographical variation and factor associated with modern contraceptive utilization among Young married women aged between 15-24 years: Spatial and multilevel analysis of EDHS 2016.
Authors: Yesuf Kedir Abdu , Muluneh Ayesheshim Kassa , Asrese Eueail Teferi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite increase in trend of contraceptive utilization in worldwide it was still low in developing country. In Ethiopia modern contraceptive utilization among young married women was low which shows gaps between women reproductive desire to avoid pregnancy and contraceptive behavior. This study shows varation in modern contraceptive utilization and factor associated with it among young merried age group between 15-24 years in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the geographical varation of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factor among young married women aged between 15- 24 year in Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was applied using Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016 data. The sample size was 2298 young married women aged between 15-24 years. Spatial analysis was done using spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I, Gettis-OrdGi* and spatial scan statics to identify significant clusters of modern contraceptive utilization. The data were analyzed using a two level-mixed-effects logistic regression model to determine the individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization.Result: In Ethiopia, prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among young married women age group 15-24 years was 36.7 %. Spatial scan statistics identified primary clusters of modern contraceptive utilization were all zone of Amhara, Addis Ababa and Shewa. In other hand, Gettis-OrdGi* analysis indicated zone 1 of Afar region, Borena zone of Oromia region and all zone of Somalia regions were low prevalence spot region. In this study religion, respondent working status, partner occupation, number of living children, husband desire more children, region, community mas media exposure and community educational level were statically significant variables for modern contraceptive utilization among young married women.Conclusions: There is low prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and it was varied across zone of Ethiopia. High and low prevalence spot area, most likely cluster, community and individual level factor associated with modern contraceptive utilization is identified which is important to prioritize family planning strategy. Therefore, exerting much effort on this area is supreme important as it has significant public health contributions.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T is A Risk Factor for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events&nbsp;and All-Cause Mortality:&nbsp;9.5 Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Cao Ruihua , Yang Xu , Xiao Wenkai , Zhang Yun , Ye Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and different cardiovascular events has been observed in several large community studies, and the results have been controversial. However, there is currently no cross-sectional or longitudinal follow-up study on hs-cTnT in the Chinese population.Methods: We analyzed the association of plasma hs-cTnT levels with major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in 1325 subjects from a longitudinal follow-up community-based population in Beijing, China.Results: In the Cox proportional hazards models analysis, the risk of MACE increased with the increase of hs-cTnT levels (HR, 1.223, 95% CI, 1.054–1.418, P = 0.008). Increased hs-cTnT levels were associated with coronary events (HR, 1.391, 95% CI, 1.106–1.749, P = 0.005) in Model 4. Cox proportional risk regression model analysis revealed that increased hs-cTnT levels were associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR, 1.763, 95% CI, 1.224–2.540, P = 0.002), even after adjusting hs-CRP and NT-proBNP. The area under the ROC curve for predicting MACE was 0.559 (95% CI, 0.523–0.595, P = 0.001). The areas under the ROC curve for predicting coronary events and mortality were 0.629 (95% CI, 0.580–0.678, P < 0.001) and 0.644 (95% CI, 0.564–0.725, P < 0.001), respectively.Conclusions: Our findings in the Chinese cohort support that hs-cTnT is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
The field meaning of wave function
Authors: Yuan Canlun Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although this paper is the inheritance and development of Copenhagen quantum mechanics theory, it is a brand-new theory, because although quantum mechanics has achieved great success, its physical significance still needs to be explored. In this paper, the concept of generalized field and generalized quantity is introduced. From the behavior of generalized field in potential well, the conclusion that generalized field exists with energy in the form of standing wave in potential well is obtained. In this paper, only one physical model is used: "the generalized field forms wave, which is wave function". With a basic assumption of mvλ=h , the Einstein de Broglie relation is derived, and the wave function has the meaning of generalized field. Every conclusion given in this paper has clear and obvious physical significance, which makes quantum mechanical problems simple and clear. At the same time, the new atom model is established, and the problems of electron transition, electron spin, electron emission and absorption are discussed.
Percutaneous Delta Endoscopic Decompression versus Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Wei Fei-Long , Zhou Cheng-Pei , Du Ming-Rui , Zhu Kai-Long , Gao Hao-Ran , Yuan Yi-Fang , Wu Sheng-Da , An Bo , Wang Huan , Zhu Yi-Li , Yan Xiao-Dong , Qian Ji-xian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) expands the inner volume of the spinal canal by indirect decompression. However, there were few studies to assess OLIF for LSS. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes and safety after percutaneous delta endoscopic decompression (PED) and OLIF. Methods: Ninety-four patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) underwent PED or OLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPS) between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively studied. Patients were assessed by estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, hospital stay, cost, reoperation, complications, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA) and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results: Compared with OLIF group, the OLIF group was with longer operation time and hospital stay, more blood loss and more cost (p=0.001, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Compared with preoperative data, VAS and ODI were significantly reduced and JOA and SF-36 increased significantly with the statistically significant difference (all p <0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative main outcomes except VAS (lumbar) and ODI between the two groups (all p >0.05). But patients in the PED group were with lower VAS (lumbar) and ODI (p=0.012 and 0.042, respectively). In addition, the PED group was with SF-36 physical-component summary score (p=0. 0.036). The PED group was with lower all complication rate (2.4% PED vs 9.8% OLIF), intra-operative complication rate (2.4% PED vs 3.9% OLIF) and post-operative complication rate (0.0% PED vs 5.9% OLIF), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.336, 0.517 and 0.402, respectively). And there was no statistical difference in and reoperation rate (2.4% PED vs 3.8% OLIF) (p= 0.715).Conclusions: PED and OLIF had satisfactory results for LSS. In general, PED was superior to OLIF in relieving patients with low back pain and improving function without any obvious shortcomings. Therefore, we recommend PED for LSS.Level of Evidence: 3