bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating the microbiome into the barrier theory of cancer
Authors: Swain Ewald Holly A. , Ewald Paul W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe barrier theory of cancer integrates environmental, genetic, and infectious contributions to oncogenesis into a single framework. The full spectrum of symbiotic influences on oncogenesis, however, still needs to be brought into this framework, particularly for symbionts that are classified as commensals or mutualists. This paper contributes to this goal by presenting evidence that these symbionts may improve the effectiveness of immunological defenses against cancer and by drawing attention to the interactions between parasitic and mutualistic microbes in relation to oncogenesis. Although integration of protective symbionts with the barrier theory encompasses a variety of interactions, we highlight one particular aspect: effects of symbionts on the host’s ability to attack tumor cells through the relaxation of immune checkpoints.
Landscape resistance mediates native fish species distribution shifts and vulnerability to climate change in riverscapes
Authors: LeMoine Michael T. , Eby Lisa A. , Clancy Chris G. , Nyce Leslie G. , Jakober Michael J. , Isaak Dan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA broader understanding of how landscape resistance influences climate change vulnerability for many species is needed, as is an understanding of how barriers to dispersal may impact vulnerability. Freshwater biodiversity is at particular risk, but previous studies have focused on popular cold‐water fishes (e.g., salmon, trout, and char) with relatively large body sizes and mobility. Those fishes may be able to track habitat change more adeptly than less mobile species. Smaller, less mobile fishes are rarely represented in studies demonstrating effects of climate change, but depending on their thermal tolerance, they may be particularly vulnerable to environmental change. By revisiting 280 sites over a 20 year interval throughout a warming riverscape, we described changes in occupancy (i.e., site extirpation and colonization probabilities) and assessed the environmental conditions associated with those changes for four fishes spanning a range of body sizes, thermal and habitat preferences. Two larger‐bodied trout species exhibited small changes in site occupancy, with bull trout experiencing a 9.2% (95% CI = 8.3%–10.1%) reduction, mostly in warmer stream reaches, and westslope cutthroat trout experiencing a nonsignificant 1% increase. The small‐bodied cool water slimy sculpin was originally distributed broadly throughout the network and experienced a 48.0% (95% CI = 42.0%–54.0%) reduction in site occupancy with declines common in warmer stream reaches and areas subject to wildfire disturbances. The small‐bodied comparatively warmer water longnose dace primarily occupied larger streams and increased its occurrence in the lower portions of connected tributaries during the study period. Distribution shifts for sculpin and dace were significantly constrained by barriers, which included anthropogenic water diversions, natural step‐pools and cascades in steeper upstream reaches. Our results suggest that aquatic communities exhibit a range of responses to climate change, and that improving passage and fluvial connectivity will be important climate adaptation tactics for conserving aquatic biodiversity.
Evaluating the Utility of Principal Component Analysis on EDS X‐Ray Maps to Determine Bulk Mineralogy
Authors: Spaleta Karen J. , Hayes Sarah M. , Newberry Rainer J. , Piatak Nadine M. 
Published: July 2020

Due to advances in EDS technology, electron microscopy techniques have become an important tool to determine the relative abundance of mineral phases. However, few studies have directly compared EDS X‐ray mineralogy with traditional techniques for assessing bulk mineralogy and elemental composition. We show that analysing a limited area (~ 0.5–3.2 mm2) of fine‐grained metal extraction samples using EDS X‐ray principal component analysis phase mapping yields results that agree within 10% with more traditional techniques for mineral phases present at greater than 5% m/m. Electron beam sensitive minerals, such as the carbonates, have poor correlations between EDS and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) and/or WD‐XRF. Likewise, poor correlations between methods can be expected for particles that are smaller than the interaction volume of the electron beam (~ 1.5 µm); this strongly affected the phyllosilicates. One strength of EDS phase mapping is that it can identify phases present below the detection limit of powder XRD (< 1%). Our results demonstrate that EDS phase mapping is sufficient to estimate bulk sample mineralogy. If polished thin sections have been prepared, this approach may save time and/or money relative to the more traditional approaches of preparing separate subsamples for XRD and/or WD‐XRF.
The association between minority racial/ethnic groups and travel mode choices
Authors: Yum Seungil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study highlights the association between minority racial/ethnic groups and travel mode choices according to a multitude of neighborhood characteristics, travel modes, and purposes in the Delaware Valley region. This study finds that minority racial/ethnic groups show different travel mode choices than whites. For instance, Blacks and Hispanics are less inclined to walk/bike, whereas whites prefer to use household carpool in high density areas when they go home. This study also highlights that minority racial/ethnic groups choose different travel modes according to travel purposes. For instance, blacks in ethnic neighborhoods are less inclined to use household carpool, whereas Asians are more apt to use it for the purpose of home. The results show that urban planners should design transportation policies for minority groups based on race/ethnicity, neighborhood characteristics, and travel purposes.
Physical comorbidities in private psychiatric inpatients: Prevalence and its association with quality of life and functional impairment
Authors: Nadjidai Sarah E. , Kusljic Snezana , Dowling Nathan L. , Magennis Jennifer , Stokes Lisa , Ng Chee H. , Daniel Catherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the association between physical health conditions and quality of life and functioning in private psychiatric inpatients. We sought to determine whether quality of life and functioning was poorer in individuals with physical comorbidity compared to those without. A quantitative correlational descriptive design was utilized. Seventy patients were included in sequential order within a week of admission to hospital. Participants completed the SF‐36 survey, and the corresponding hospital records were audited. The STROBE guidelines were followed in the reporting of this research. The study found that 64.3% (45/70) of participants had one or more comorbid physical health conditions, primarily cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, endocrine and medically unexplained conditions or syndromes. Chronic pain was experienced by 40% (28/70) of participants, and 47.6% (33/70) were found to be overweight or obese. Tobacco smoking and obesity were risk factors associated with physical comorbidity (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). Quality of life and functioning were poorer in those with physical health conditions, particularly in the SF‐36 domains of bodily pain, physical functioning and general health (P < 0.001, P = 0.003 and P = 0.005, respectively). Physical health conditions were largely prevalent, and quality of life and functioning were poorer in those with physical comorbidities. The implementation of clinical guidelines for the monitoring of physical health has been proposed as well as a dedicated physical health nursing role. Continuation of integrative programmes focusing on both physical and mental health may also benefit patients in this setting.
The lady with the lamp: Amid the COVID‐19 haze
Authors: Xiao Yingqi , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is currently the dominant public health topic across every nation. The world of health care is shrouded in the haze of the COVID‐19 pandemic and is experiencing unprecedented patient loads arising from this complicated and unfamiliar viral disease. No one was prepared for this. Unsurprisingly, there are shortages of supplies and equipment, treatment space and people with the skills to respond to the containment, treatment and prevention of COVID‐19. Nurses are at the front line of every nation’s response, trying to provide assessment, protection, treatment and prevention as being part of the overwhelming care demand that is occurring. Across every nation, the ongoing policy implications of the pandemic should be considered, as well as for those pandemics in the future. This includes, but is not limited to, investing in emergency systems and nurses, health research, and preparing for, managing and researching nursing practice.
Effect of peramivir on respiratory symptom improvement in patients with influenza virus infection and pre‐existing chronic respiratory disease: Findings of a randomized, open‐label study
Authors: Kato Motokazu , Saisho Yutaka , Tanaka Hiroshi , Bando Takuma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors on improvement of respiratory symptoms triggered by influenza in patients with pre‐existing chronic respiratory diseases is unknown.MethodsThis 2‐week, randomized, open‐label study evaluated intravenous peramivir 600 mg on two consecutive days (peramivir‐repeat), peramivir 300 mg single dose (peramivir‐single), and oral oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 5 days in patients with confirmed influenza and chronic respiratory diseases. Patients recorded symptom scores daily. The primary endpoint of cumulative area of time vs symptoms (CATVS) was expressed as an index value of area under the curve vs time of the total score of cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion from baseline to 2 weeks.ResultsOf 214 randomized patients, 209 (56% female, 77% aged <65 years, 94% outpatients, 91% bronchial asthma, 62% influenza A) received ≥1 dose of study drug. Mean (standard deviation) CATVS was similar for peramivir‐repeat (782.78 [487.17]) vs peramivir‐single (717.35 [347.55]; P = .4371), and for peramivir‐repeat vs oseltamivir (856.34 [404.99]; P = 1.00). However, CATVS was significantly shorter for peramivir‐single vs oseltamivir, with an estimated treatment difference (TD) of −145.07 (95% confidence interval: −284.57, −5.56; P = .0416). In subgroup analyses, CATVS was significantly shorter for peramivir‐single vs oseltamivir among patients with influenza A (TD: −206.31 [−383.86, −28.76]; P = .0231), bronchial asthma (TD: −156.57 [−300.22, −12.92]; P = .0328), baseline respiratory severity score <5 (TD: −265.32 [−470.42, −60.21]; P = .0120), and age <65 (TD: −184.30 [−345.08, −23.52]; P = .0249).ConclusionsIn patients with chronic respiratory diseases, peramivir‐single was not significantly different from peramivir‐repeat and was more effective than oseltamivir at alleviating respiratory symptoms.
Isoliquiritigenin ameliorates caerulein‐induced chronic pancreatitis by inhibiting the activation of PSCs and pancreatic infiltration of macrophages
Authors: Wang Li‐Juan , He Lin , Hao Lu , Guo Hong‐Lei , Zeng Xiang‐Peng , Bi Ya‐Wei , Lu Guo‐Tao , Li Zhao‐Shen , Hu Liang‐Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by persistent inflammation of the pancreas that results in progressive loss of the endocrine and exocrine compartment owing to atrophy and/or replacement with fibrotic tissue. Currently, the clinical therapeutic scheme of CP is mainly symptomatic treatment including pancreatic enzyme replacement, glycaemic control and nutritional support therapy, lacking of specific therapeutic drugs for prevention and suppression of inflammation and fibrosis aggravating in CP. Here, we investigated the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a chalcone‐type dietary compound derived from licorice, on pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation in a model of caerulein‐induced murine CP, and the results indicated that ILG notably alleviated pancreatic fibrosis and infiltration of macrophages. Further in vitro studies in human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) showed that ILG exerted significant inhibition on the proliferation and activation of hPSCs, which may be due to negative regulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activities. Moreover, ILG significantly restrained the M1 polarization of macrophages (RAW 264.7) via attenuation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, whereas the M2 polarization was hardly affected. These findings indicated that ILG might be a potential anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic therapeutic agent for CP.
Zinc finger protein 91 loss induces cardiac hypertrophy through adenosine A1 receptor down‐regulation under pressure overload status
Authors: Wu Xiangqi , You Wei , Wu Zhiming , Ye Fei , Chen Shaoliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe function of zfp91 is mainly studied in vitro, but there is no study in vivo. Accumulative data suggest that zfp91 may be an important gene to regulate all aspects of human response. However, there are no data to date about the function of zfp91 on cardiac homeostasis. Thus, we aimed to observe the role of zfp91 gene in mouse cardiomyocytes on myocardial homeostasis and related mechanisms under pressure overload. In the study, zfp91 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in TAC‐operated WT mice as compared with controls. Genetic ablation of zfp91 dramatically led to pathological cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Adenosine A1 receptor (Adora1) mRNA and protein expressions were significantly down‐regulated in the heart of zfp91‐deletion mice with TAC. Zfp91 overexpression reversed isoproterenol‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which was abolished by selective Adora1 antagonist. Dual‐luciferase reporter and ChIP‐qPCR assays indicated that zfp91 acted on Adora1 promoter through its binding site. Last, Adora1 agonist rescued heart dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in zfp91 loss mice after TAC. Zfp91 may transcriptionally regulate Adora1 expression in the heart, which mainly maintained cardiac homeostasis under pressure overload status. It will provide a new approach to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
European S1 guidelines on the management of lichen planus: a cooperation of the European Dermatology Forum with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
Authors: Ioannides D. , Vakirlis E. , Kemeny L. , Marinovic B. , Massone C. , Murphy R. , Nast A. , Ronnevig J. , Ruzicka T. , Cooper S.M. , Trüeb R.M. , Pujol Vallverdú R.M. , Wolf R. , Neumann M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune‐mediated disease that affects the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. Although there is a broad clinical spectrum of lichen planus manifestations, the skin and oral cavity remain the major sites of involvement. A group of European dermatologists with a long‐standing interest and expertise in lichen planus has sought to define therapeutic guidelines for the management of patients with LP. The clinical features, diagnosis and possible medications that clinicians can use, in order to control the disease, will be reviewed in this manuscript. The revised final version of the lichen planus guideline was passed on to the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) for a final consensus with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV).
Skin exposome science in practice : current evidence on hair biomonitoring and future perspectives
Authors: Appenzeller B.M.R. , Chadeau‐Hyam M. , Aguilar L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe skin exposome, defined as the totality of environmental exposures from conception to death that can induce or modify various skin conditions, compiles environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial exposures, as well as the resulting internal biological and physiological responses to these exposures. Biomonitoring can be used to obtain information on the internal dose of pollutants. The concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is highly variable over time due to differential elimination kinetics of chemicals, whereas they accumulate in hair. Hair analysis thus provides information on cumulative exposure over a longer period of time, and so can be used for assessing chronic exposure to pollutants. Studies on hair samples collected from 204 women living in two cities in China with different levels of pollution demonstrated that hair damage and the skin microbiome are biomarkers of a polluted city and long‐term exposure to pollution and UV can increase signs of facial ageing. Adopting an exposome approach to skin health requires assessing multiple exposures and biological consequences, possibly in relation to longitudinally followed‐up health outcomes. Leveraging “omics” data (e.g. metabolomics, proteomics, genomics and microbiome) and big data analytics, in particular multivariate analysis, will help to further understand the impact of pollution on skin and the combined effects with other exposome factors, including solar radiation and other environmental exposures.
Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses
Authors: Sun Chengliang , Liu Lijuan , Wang Luxuan , Li Baohai , Jin Chongwei , Lin Xianyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMelatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth, aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti‐senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene‐related genes. Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress, cooperating with other phytohormones and well‐known molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.
Value‐based medicine, a compass to guide healthcare decisions in the COVID‐19 aftermath
Authors: Strazzabosco Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemics has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives among the elderly, the patients with chronic conditions and among underserved communities and people in social distress. In addition, the measures that succeeded in containing the epidemic created a profound economic crisis, which real dimension is still unclear. It is clear, however, that most healthcare systems were unprepared. Years of cost containments had eroded the ability of the healthcare sector to cope with the surge in cases. This editorial contends that rebuilding the healthcare systems will require forward thinking, a data‐driven approach and avoidance of reactive decision making. The editorial proposes the Value Based Medicine approach as a way to avoid the errors of the past and to align decision making in healthcare with patient health and quality of life (Value). This is an approach that is gaining traction in several systems. It needs a built‐in capability to collect and analyse outcome and costing data. Today the necessary informatic and computational capabilities are widely available.
Greenspace with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies up to 2020
Authors: Luo Ya‐Na , Huang Wen‐Zhong , Liu Xiao‐Xuan , Markevych Iana , Bloom Michael S. , Zhao Tianyu , Heinrich Joachim , Yang Bo‐Yi , Dong Guang‐Hui 
Published: July 2020

SummarySeveral reviews have been conducted to assess the association between greenspace and overweight or obesity, but the conclusions were inconsistent. However, an updated comprehensive review and meta‐analysis is warranted, because several high‐quality papers have been published more recently. The objectives of this study are to systematically and quantitatively assess the evidence for a link between greenspace with overweight/obesity and to make specific recommendations for further research. We searched three English language databases, four Chinese language databases and the reference lists of previously published reviews for epidemiological studies on greenspace and overweight/obesity published before January 2020. We developed inclusion criteria, screened the literature and extracted key data from selected papers. We assessed methodological quality and risk of bias, and we graded the credibility of the pooled evidence. We also performed sensitivity analyses. Fifty‐seven records met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Most studies were cross‐sectional designs (81%) and were from developed nations (88%). More than half (55%) of the included studies found beneficial associations between greenspace and overweight/obesity in overall or subpopulations. Our meta‐analytical results showed that greater normalized difference vegetation index was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity in a statistically significant fashion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.91) but not residential proximity to greenspace (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00), proportion of greenspace (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.08) or number of parks in an area (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.01). However, we detected high between‐study heterogeneity in two of the four meta‐analyses, which reduced the credibility of the pooled evidence. Current evidence indicates that there might be an association between greater access to greenspace and lower odds of overweight/obesity. However, additional high‐quality studies are needed to more definitively assess the evidence for a causal association.
RE‐IMAGINING NAVAN FORT: NEW LIGHT ON THE EVOLUTION OF A MAJOR CEREMONIAL CENTRE IN NORTHERN EUROPE
Authors: O'Driscoll James , Gleeson Patrick , Noble Gordon 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article presents major discoveries from a new campaign of large‐scale multi‐method geophysical surveying, focused on Navan Fort and its environs. Alongside a re‐appraisal of excavated evidence, it offers a new model for the evolution of Navan. The large earthwork now known as Navan Fort sits alongside other iconic monuments such as Tara, Rathcroghan, Knockaulin and Cashel as one of Ireland’s so‐called provincial centres. Historical texts imply that these Iron Age complexes became enduring symbols of power for early medieval societies, and royal centres for overkings. These references, alongside the incredible scale of these landscapes, have encouraged intensive research, but only recently has non‐invasive survey begun adding new data and facilitating new interpretations. Prior to the present study, discussion of Navan Fort was limited to the results of small‐scale but iconic excavations. These new discoveries significantly change understandings, adding spectacular new monumental phases, and facilitating re‐assessment of Navan’s role within both later prehistoric and medieval society, as well as of the nature of ceremonial landscapes and their role in developing sacral kingship in northern Europe.