bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated Brain Cholesterol Metabolism Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease
Authors: González‐Guevara Edith , Cárdenas Graciela , Pérez‐Severiano Francisca , Martínez‐Lazcano Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHuntington's disease is an autosomal‐dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon‐1 of the huntingtin gene. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and distribution have been reported in Huntington's disease, including abnormal interactions between mutant huntingtin and sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, decreased levels of apolipoprotein E/cholesterol/low‐density lipoprotein receptor complexes, and alterations in the synthesis of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1. Plasma levels of 24S‐hydroxycholestrol, a key intermediary in cholesterol metabolism and a possible marker in neurodegenerative diseases, decreased proportionally to the degree of caudate nucleus atrophy. The interaction of mutant huntingtin with sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins is of particular interest given that sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins play a dual role: They take part in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, but also in the inflammatory response that induces immune cell migration as well as toxic effects, particularly in astrocytes. This work summarizes current evidence on the metabolic and immune implications of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein dysregulation in Huntington's disease, highlighting the potential use of drugs that modulate these alterations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Novel mutation in USP26 associated with azoospermia in a Sertoli cell‐only syndrome patient
Authors: Arafat Maram , Zeadna Atif , Levitas Eliahu , Har Vardi Iris , Samueli Benzion , Shaco‐Levy Ruth , Dabsan Salam , Lunenfeld Eitan , Huleihel Mahmoud , Parvari Ruti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUbiquitin‐Specific Peptidase 26 (USP26), located on the X chromosome, encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme expressed mainly in testis, where it regulates protein turnover during spermatogenesis and modulates the ubiquitination levels of the Androgen Receptor (AR), and as a consequence, affects AR signaling.MethodsThe patient was thoroughly characterized clinically. He was genetically tested by chromosome analysis and whole exome sequencing (WES).ResultsThe patient was diagnosed with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome pattern (SCOS). The WES analysis revealed only the variation in USP26: causing p.P469S in a highly evolutionary conserved amino acid as the possible cause for SCOS. The literature search identified 34 single variations and 14 clusters of variations in USP26 that were associated with male infertility. Only one of the 22 variations and of one cluster of three mutations tested for ubiquitination activity was found as damaging. Only one out of six variations tested for effect on AR function was found as damaging. Thus, the association of USP26 with male fertility was questioned.ConclusionsThe finding in our patient and the discussion on the reviewed literature support a possible role for USP26 in male fertility.
The roles of non‐production vegetation in agroecosystems: A research framework for filling process knowledge gaps in a social‐ecological context
Authors: Case Bradley S. , Pannell Jennifer L. , Stanley Margaret C. , Norton David A. , Brugman Anoek , Funaki Matt , Mathieu Chloé , Songling Cao , Suryaningrum Febyana , Buckley Hannah L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

An ever‐expanding human population, climatic changes and the spread of intensive farming practices are putting increasing pressure on agroecosystems and their inherent biodiversity. Non‐production vegetation elements, such as woody patches, riparian margins and restoration plantings, are vital for conserving agroecosystem biodiversity. Furthermore, such elements are key building blocks that are manipulated via land management, thereby influencing the biotic and abiotic processes that underpin functioning agroecosystems.

Despite this critical role, there has been a lack of synthesis on which types of vegetation elements drive and/or support ecological processes, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Using a systematic, quantitative literature review of 342 articles, we asked the following questions: what are the effects of non‐production vegetation on agroecosystem processes and how are these processes measured within global agroecosystems?

Woody patches, hedgerows and borders, riparian margins, and shelterbelts were the most studied types of non‐production vegetation. The majority (61%) of studies showed positive effects of non‐production vegetation on ecological processes, where the presence, level or rate of the studied process was increased or enhanced.

However, four key research gaps were revealed: (a) most studies (83%) used proxies for, instead of direct measurements of, ecosystem processes related to non‐production vegetation; (b) study designs used to investigate non‐production vegetation effects on ecosystem processes directly were largely limited to observational comparisons of non‐production vegetation types, farm‐scale vegetation configurations and different proximities to vegetation in terms of the effect on ecological processes; relatively few studies used manipulative experiments; (c) the relatively few studies directly measuring ecosystem processes were dominated by four process categories: invertebrate biocontrol, predator and natural enemy spillover, animal movement, and ecosystem cycling and (d) the methods used to directly measure non‐production vegetation effects comprised a surprisingly limited set of approaches.

To fill key research gaps that will inform the use of non‐production vegetation to enhance agroecosystem processes, we present a framework for future research that emphasizes the need to combine an understanding of human decision‐making with carefully designed and targeted investigations into the roles of taxa, ecosystem processes, and landscape heterogeneity related to non‐production vegetation, at multiple spatial scales within agroecosystems.
Identifying drugs with disease‐modifying potential in Parkinson's disease using artificial intelligence and pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Maclagan Laura C. , Visanji Naomi P. , Cheng Yi , Tadrous Mina , Lacoste Alix M. B. , Kalia Lorraine V. , Bronskill Susan E. , Marras Connie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of an approach combining computational methods and pharmacoepidemiology to identify potentially disease‐modifying drugs in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe used a two‐step approach; (a) computational method using artificial intelligence to rank 620 drugs in the Ontario Drug Benefit formulary based on their predicted ability to inhibit alpha‐synucleinaggregation, a pathogenic hallmark of PD; and (b) case‐control study using administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Persons aged 70‐110 years with incident PD from April 2002‐March 2013. Controls were randomly selected from persons with no previous diagnosis of PD.ResultsA total of 15 of the top 50 drugs were deemed feasible for pharmacoepidemiologic analysis, of which seven were significantly associated with incident PD after adjustment, with five of these seven associated with a decreased odds of PD. Methylxanthine drugs pentoxifylline (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59‐0.89) and theophylline (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.91), and the corticosteroid dexamethasone (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.61‐0.85) were associated with decreased odds of PD.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to focus the search for disease‐modifying drugs. Corticosteroids and methylxanthines should be further investigated as potential disease‐modifyingdrugs in PD.
An exploration of school mobility: Risks and protective factors in late elementary
Authors: Dinnen Hannah L. , Baker Jack , Dallal Renee , Brann Kristy , Flaspohler Paul D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study explored negative emotional, behavioral, and academic performance outcomes for highly mobile students and potential protective factors. Participants were fourth and fifth‐grade students (N = 647, 51% male) from three schools with low socioeconomic status, highly mobile student populations within a large, suburban school district in the midwestern United States. Data were collected through student self‐report surveys, teacher‐report surveys, and school records. Multilevel moderation analysis tested whether school connectedness (SC) or social and emotional competence (SEC) acted as protective factors for highly mobile students, moderating the effect of school mobility on emotional problems and academic performance. Student mobility was associated with more emotional problems and lower academic performance. In contrast to past research, there was not an association between mobility and behavior problems. Although they did not act as protective factors, SC and SEC were independently associated with fewer emotional problems and stronger reading performance for all students, controlling for mobility. Results build on existing evidence that student mobility has negative effects on emotional and academic outcomes and lend support for interventions focused on enhancing SC and SEC of all students, including those at increased risk due to high mobility.
DFT/TD‐DFT Based Study to Decipher the Proton Transfer Process in Anion Sensing Mechanism of NTS Molecule
Authors: Kediya Siddhi , Manhas Anu , Jha Prakash C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we have performed DFT/TD‐DFT studies on NTS [1‐(((4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl) phenyl) imino) methyl) naphthalen‐2‐ol, referred to as 1E] to investigate the cyanide and fluoride anion sensing mechanism via proton transfer process in the ground and excited state. The potential energy curve for the proton transfer in ground (GSIPT) and excited state (ESIPT) suggests that, in case of NTS molecule, keto and enol form co‐exist. Based on the pattern of addition of cyanide on NTS, nucleophilic addition supports GSIPT rather ESIPT. However, fluoride addition showed both GSIPT and barrier less ESIPT processes followed by the deprotonation. From the energy calculations, we have observed that the cyanide addition (nucleophilic) block ICT character due to similar geometries in the ground and excited state, along with the interruption in the conjugation of the molecule. But, in the case of fluoride added product, ICT character was observed owing to the change in geometry of the corresponding states (ground and excited). ESIPT process has also been explained in terms of HOMO‐LUMO electron density, potential energy surfaces and NBO analysis.
Soil water and fuel permeability of a Cambisol in southern Brazil and its spatial behavior: A case study
Authors: Gonçalves‐Maduro Letícia , Armindo Robson André , Turek Maria Eliza , Wendroth Ole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high demand for fuel derived from oil increases the risk of environmental hazard in agricultural fields caused by accidents with the operation of machines and spotting of fuel on the ground. When these accidents occur, a part of the spilled fuel infiltrates and redistributes in the soil according to the fuel's own physical properties. Most fuel products are light nonaqueous‐phase liquids (NAPL) and contain compounds that are toxic and cause damage to the soil and to human health. The transport behavior of fuels in soils has been extensively studied but is lacking knowledge in specific soils with high clay content. This study aimed to evaluate the soil permeability (K) to the transport of water and fuels and their spatial variation in a Cambisol in southern Brazil. Furthermore, the question should be addressed whether Kwater may be used to estimate Kfuels based on the fluid viscosities. Moreover, a spatial variance analysis should evaluate the variability between replicate repacked samples at a particular location in comparison with spatial variability caused by soil texture and bulk density differences. Results showed that Kwater was, on average, 4.5 times smaller than Kgasoline and 1.25 times smaller than Kdiesel, that the correlation between measured and estimated Kfuels was moderately positive for the clayey soil investigated, and that a minimum set of three repacked parallel cores for each sampling location yields a local variance that is much smaller than the semivariance at any lag distance.
Introduction: Theorizing Digital Peripheries
Authors: Szczepanik Petr , Zahrádka Pavel , Macek Jakub 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global reach of online platforms and services as well as the globally synchronized flows of audiovisual content might suggest that the global media market is now fully integrated. This book argues contrariwise that the global digital market is far from united and that national borders, center-periphery hierarchies and differences in scale still matter, and perhaps they matter even more than in the analog broadcast era.
Configurable Culture in Wealthy and Developing Markets: A Comparative Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Sinnreich Aram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis chapter tracks the awareness and consumption of, engagement with, and attitudes surrounding new, digital, “configurable” cultural forms and practices, using data from surveys conducted across a diverse range of nations. Respondents included English-speaking, online adults in the USA, Canada, Australia, the Philippines, South Africa and the UK. These data are analyzed to examine the correspondences and differences between media consumers living within different cultural, technological and legal regimes. The analysis pays special attention to demographic factors such as age, and geographic divides such as the delta between “advanced economies” and “emerging markets and developing economies.” The data show that these factors have significant, measurable consequences for access to knowledge and cultural participation, in ways that threaten to compound these social inequities in the future. In fact, the data show that user age and national wealth are far greater factors in personal use of digital culture than the size of individual markets, the prevailing copyright law, or the overall level of engagement with digital media among the population at large.
Sync That Tune! The Role of Collective Management of Rights in Film Production and Distribution
Authors: Leška Rudolf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhenever a film is produced and distributed, a license to use the music and sound recording may be needed. While the film producer usually owns the copyright in the film and underlying works or actors’ performances, responsibility for the clearance of rights in music and sound recordings remains largely on the shoulders of users (broadcasters, cinema operators, VOD platforms). They usually need to get a license through a CMO or directly from the rightsholder. In the case of musical works, the procedures are largely standardized, mainly in offline use. When it comes to licensing the rights for cross-border use online or when phonogram producers and performers are involved, the licensing situation becomes messy which introduces significant uncertainty into the market. Instead of advocating state regulation, the author pleads for the development of cross-border industry standards and procedures, good practices and reciprocal agreements between CMOs to be developed in a collaboration of global organizations representing rightsholders.
Appearance of recurrent adult fibrosarcoma of the soft tissue and loco-regional post-treatment changes on MRI follow-up
Authors: Sedaghat Sam , Schmitz Frederick , Krieger Anne , Sedaghat Maya , Reichardt Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Adult fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a very rare malignant soft tissue tumor, arising from malignant spindle-shaped fibroblasts. We aim to analyze the appearance of recurrent AFS with a focus on configuration and to assess the occurrence of loco-regional post-treatment changes on MRI follow-up.

Methods
One hundred sixty-eight MRI follow-up scans (1.5 T MRI) of 12 patients with histologically proven AFS were reviewed. The recurrent tumors were examined for configuration, limitation, contrast enhancement, and extent and signal intensity on MRI.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 16.7 years. Forty-two percent of the patients presented recurrent AFS (n = 5). Recurrences occurred 12 ± 6.5 months after tumor resection in the mean. Patients over 55 years of age showed a significantly higher risk for recurrences (RR = 5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 31; p = 0.04). Recurrent AFS was ovoid, nodular, streaky, polycyclic, or fascicular configured with homogeneous/heterogeneous contrast enhancement and well- or ill-defined borders. The intensity of contrast enhancement ranged from rim to marked contrast enhancement. Recurrent AFS mostly showed a muscle iso-intense signal in T1-weighted and a hyperintense signal in PD-weighted/TIRM sequences. The most common post-treatment changes were subcutaneous edema (92%; p = 0.03), muscle edema (75%), and postoperative seroma (50%). Patients with the presence of muscle edema after primary tumor resection had a slightly, but not significantly higher risk for recurrences (RR = 1.75; p = 0.08).

Conclusion
Recurrent AFS shows no common configuration on MRI, as it may appear ovoid, nodular, streaky, polycyclic, or fascicular. Patients with the presence of post-treatment muscle edema have a slightly higher risk for recurrences.
Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study
Fallstudien in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung
Authors: Neidhart Ela , Löffler-Stastka Henriette 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungFallstudien werden in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung als didaktisches Werkzeug eingesetzt, um das schulenspezifische theoretische Wissen in seiner empirischen Anwendung in der Arbeit mit den KlientInnen/PatientInnen abzubilden. Klinische Einzelfallstudien wiesen in der Vergangenheit zahlreiche Verzerrungsfaktoren auf. Seit den ersten Fallstudien von Freud zeigte sich eine rasche Entwicklung vom Narrativ zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Unterschiedliche Forschungsdesigns ermöglichen die Nutzung der klinischen Einzelfallstudie als Beitrag zum Erkenntnisgewinn über die komplexen Vorgänge in einem psychotherapeutischen Behandlungsprozess.Bereits in der Ausbildung zur Psychotherapeutin/zum Psychotherapeuten können die Grundlagen für die Zusammenführung von Praxis und Forschung vermittelt werden indem Leitlinien für die Erstellung von Fallstudien etabliert werden, die den Anforderungen der praxisorientierten Psychotherapieforschung entsprechen. Die Empfehlungen werden hier beispielhaft angeführt.
Metabolic Phenotyping Using UPLC–MS and Rapid Microbore UPLC–IM–MS: Determination of the Effect of Different Dietary Regimes on the Urinary Metabolome of the Rat
Authors: Letertre Marine , Munjoma Nyasha C. , Slade Susan E. , Plumb Robert S. , Swann Jon , Coen Muireann , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA rapid reversed-phase gradient method employing a 50 mm × 1 mm i.d., C18 microbore column, combined with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry, was applied to the metabolic phenotyping of urine samples obtained from rats receiving different diets. This method was directly compared to a “conventional” method employing a 150 × 2.1 mm i.d. column packed with the same C18 bonded phase using the same samples. Multivariate statistical analysis of the resulting data showed similar class discrimination for both microbore and conventional methods, despite the detection of fewer mass/retention time features by the former. Multivariate statistical analysis highlighted a number of ions that represented diet-specific markers in the samples. Several of these were then identified using the combination of mass, ion-mobility-derived collision cross section and retention time including N-acetylglutamate, urocanic acid, and xanthurenic acid. Kynurenic acid was tentatively identified based on mass and ion mobility data.
A carrot isn’t a carrot isn’t a carrot: tracing value in alternative practices of food exchange
Authors: Kallio Galina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestions of value are central to understanding alternative practices of food exchange. This study introduces a practice-based approach to value that challenges the dominant views, which capture value as either an input for or an outcome of practices of exchange (value as values, standards, or prices). Building on a longitudinal ethnographic study on food collectives, I show how value, rather than residing in something that people share, or in something that objects have, is an ideal target that continuously unfolds and evolves in action. I found that people organized their food collectives around pursuing three kinds ofvalue-ideals,namely good food, good price and good community. These value-ideals became reproduced in food collectives through what I identified asvaluing modes,by which people evaluated the goodness of food, prices and community. My analysis revealed that, while participating in food collectives in order to pursue their value-ideals, people were likely to have differing reasons for pursuing them and tended to attach different meanings to the same value-ideal. I argue that understanding how value as an ideal target is reproduced through assessing and assigning value (valuing modes) is essential in further explorations of the formation of value and in better understanding the dynamics of organizing alternative practices of food exchange.
Intention and barriers to use MOOCs: An investigation among the post graduate students in India
Authors: Mohan M. Mithun , Upadhyaya Pallavi , Pillai K. Rajasekharan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have widely been acknowledged as a unified platform to reduce the digital divide and make education accessible to all. It also enables students’ access to professors and educational contents sans spatial and institutional barriers. Despite several benefits, MOOCs’ adoption and completion rate remain unimpressive, especially among developing countries. Using Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), we examine the key factors that influence the behavioral intention to use MOOCs among students in an Indian private university. The data from 412 postgraduate students were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structured Equation Modelling. The study identifies barriers to use MOOCs, in a university that has offered free MOOCs courses and certifications to the students. The study makes several theoretical contributions and offer adequate insights for higher education institutions to administer and integrate MOOCs in their curriculum.