bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane-assisted radiant cooling for expanding thermal comfort zones globally without air conditioning
Authors: Teitelbaum Eric , Chen Kian Wee , Aviv Dorit , Bradford Kipp , Ruefenacht Lea , Sheppard Denon , Teitelbaum Megan , Meggers Forrest , Pantelic Jovan , Rysanek Adam 
Published: August 2020

Significance
In this paper, we present results from a radiant cooling pavilion, demonstrating a method of cooling people without cooling the air. Instead, surfaces are chilled, and thermal radiation is used to keep people cool. A thermally transparent membrane is used to prevent unwanted air cooling and condensation, a required precursor to deploying radiant cooling panels without humidity control in tropical environments. The results from this thermal-comfort study demonstrate the ability to keep people comfortable with radiation in warm air, a paradigm-shifting approach to thermal comfort that may help curb global cooling-demand projections.
Yeast ATM and ATR kinases use different mechanisms to spread histone H2A phosphorylation around a DNA double-strand break
Authors: Li Kevin , Bronk Gabriel , Kondev Jane , Haber James E. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Creation of a chromosomal double-strand break (DSB) is rapidly accompanied by extensive phosphorylation of yeast histone H2A isoform (H2AX in mammals) by Mec1 (ATR) and Tel1 (ATM) protein kinases. This phosphorylation, termed γ-H2AX, spreads 50 kb on either of the DSB, but how this phosphorylation is propagated is poorly understood. We have monitored the kinetics and extent of spreading individually for Mec1 and Tel1 and find that the patterns of spreading are significantly different for the two kinases. By comparing these experimental data to mathematical models of spreading, either by one-dimensional (1D) or 3D diffusion, we report that Bayesian model selections suggest Tel1 acts by directed motion along a chromatin fiber, whereas Mec1 primarily uses a 3D mode of propagation.
Indoles from the commensal microbiota act via the AHR and IL-10 to tune the cellular composition of the colonic epithelium during aging
Authors: Powell Domonica N. , Swimm Alyson , Sonowal Robert , Bretin Alexis , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Jones Rheinallt M. , Kalman Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Aging is associated with an increase in baseline inflammation, called inflammaging, that may contribute to frailty in geriatric populations. Inflammaging could result from a decrease in anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10, or a decrease in the capacity of the intestinal barrier to exclude inflammatory antigens. We show that during aging, mice lose goblet cells, which secrete mucus to protect the epithelium. Small molecules related to indole, which are secreted by the intestinal microbiota, act via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-10 to restore depleted goblet cell numbers in aged animals. Indoles may have utility as therapeutics to protect against or reverse changes in epithelial homeostasis associated with aging and may limit age-associated systemic inflammation, perhaps via induction of IL-10.
Anacardic acid induces IL-33 and promotes remyelination in CNS
Authors: Ljunggren-Rose Åsa , Natarajan Chandramohan , Matta Pranathi , Pandey Akansha , Upender Isha , Sriram Subramaniam 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceMany neurological disorders stem from damage to myelin, the insulating material which wraps around nerves and provides optimal nerve conduction. We previously found that IL-33, a chemical made in response to injury, was able to induce new myelin formation. In exploring compounds which can induce IL-33, we found that anacardic acid, a compound found in the plant kingdom, was able to promote the formation of new myelin. In addition, treatment of mice with anacardic acid induced IL-33 in the nervous system and resulted in reduced injury in animal models of disease in which loss of myelin was experimentally induced. We believe that the actions of anacardic acid warrants further study for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
Nuclear mechanosensing controls MSC osteogenic potential through HDAC epigenetic remodeling
Authors: Killaars Anouk R. , Walker Cierra J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The extracellular matrix is highly dynamic and presents mechanical signals to the residing cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Recently, the nucleus has been implicated to be a direct mechanosensor, and dysregulation of nuclear mechanosensing might be involved in several diseases, including bone degeneration. To better understand mechanisms behind remodeling of the epigenetic landscape through nuclear mechanosensing, we utilize an innovative photostiffening hydrogel platform to manipulate nuclear mechanosensing in human mesenchymal stem cells. Our results reveal that disruption of nuclear mechanosensing up-regulates histone deacetylases and prevents epigenetic response as well as osteogenic fate determination. Interestingly, we see similar defective nuclear mechanosensing in bone from patients with osteoarthritis, indicating that this cellular mechanism is likely relevant to bone-related diseases.
Single-molecule diffusometry reveals no catalysis-induced diffusion enhancement of alkaline phosphatase as proposed by FCS experiments
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Shaw Alan , Wilson Hugh , Woringer Maxime , Darzacq Xavier , Marqusee Susan , Wang Quan , Bustamante Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Recent experiments have suggested that the energy released by a chemical reaction can propel its enzyme catalyst (for example, alkaline phosphatase). However, this topic remains controversial, partially due to the indirect and ensemble nature of existing measurements. Here, we used recently developed single-molecule approaches to monitor directly the motions of individual proteins in aqueous solution and find that single alkaline phosphatase enzymes do not diffuse faster under catalysis. Instead, we demonstrate that interactions between the fluorescent dye and the enzyme’s substrate can produce the signature of apparent diffusion enhancement in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the standard ensemble assay currently used to study enzyme diffusion and indicate that single-molecule approaches provide a more robust means to investigate diffusion at the nanoscale.
Simple binding of protein kinase A prior to phosphorylation allows CFTR anion channels to be opened by nucleotides
Authors: Mihályi Csaba , Iordanov Iordan , Töröcsik Beáta , Csanády László 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Ion channels are protein pores that pass ions across biological membranes. CFTR is an anion channel required for proper salt–water transport across epithelia, including the lung and the gut. CFTR overactivation due to bacterial toxins causes severe diarrhea (e.g., in cholera), and impaired activation due to mutations underlies cystic fibrosis, a lethal disease. CFTR is activated by a kinase (PKA) which phosphorylates the channel. Here we show that CFTR activation is not caused by phosphorylation, as believed, but by simple PKA binding which promotes reversible release of CFTR’s regulatory (R) domain from an inhibitory position. Subsequent R-domain phosphorylation renders activation irreversible. Reversible channel activation is likely mediated by several members of a large protein network that interacts with CFTR.
A supergene-linked estrogen receptor drives alternative phenotypes in a polymorphic songbird
Authors: Merritt Jennifer R. , Grogan Kathleen E. , Zinzow-Kramer Wendy M. , Sun Dan , Ortlund Eric A. , Yi Soojin V. , Maney Donna L. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The white-throated sparrow, a common North American songbird, is a valuable model in behavioral genetics because of a chromosomal rearrangement that segregates with a behavioral phenotype. Birds with the rearrangement are more aggressive than those without it. Here we show that genetic differentiation of a single gene inside the rearrangement changes how that gene is regulated, driving higher levels of expression in birds with the aggressive phenotype and altering behavior. By experimentally reducing the expression of this one gene, we were able to change the phenotype of the more aggressive birds to the less aggressive phenotype. These results contribute to a greater understanding of how social behaviors can be encoded in the genome and how they evolve.
HARC as an open-shell strategy to bypass oxidative addition in Ullmann–Goldberg couplings
Authors: Lavagnino Marissa N. , Liang Tao , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Copper-catalyzed carbon–nitrogen bond formation has the potential to provide efficient synthetic access to medicinally relevant organic molecules, but broad use of the coupling has been hampered by the requirement for an energetically challenging substrate activation step (oxidative addition into an aryl halide). Here we report a mechanistic alternative that circumvents oxidative addition by cooperatively employing photochemically generated silicon-centered radicals and copper to activate aryl halides via a one-electron pathway. This dramatically increases the range of accessible products, thereby allowing room-temperature synthesis of a diverse electronic and steric range of products traditionally considered inaccessible via copper catalysis due to the prohibitively high barrier for direct copper oxidative addition.
An enzymatic toolkit for selective proteolysis, detection, and visualization of mucin-domain glycoproteins
Authors: Shon D. Judy , Malaker Stacy A. , Pedram Kayvon , Yang Emily , Krishnan Venkatesh , Dorigo Oliver , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Researchers and clinicians rely on robust staining methods to detect and visualize biomolecules of interest. Mucins are heavily glycosylated proteins expressed on cells throughout the human body that have historically proved challenging to stain with high specificity, hindering attempts to explore their roles in health and disease. Here, we address this limitation using catalytically inactivated mucin-cleaving bacterial proteases as staining reagents. The differing specificities of these enzymes are retained in their binding properties, enabling a new depth in the analysis of mucins on cells and patient tissues.
Impacts of revised dose coefficients for the inhalation of NORM-containing dusts encountered in the Western Australian Mining Industry
Authors: Ralph Martin I , Tsurikov Nick , Cattani Marcus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of recent revisions to the dose coefficients published in ICRP-137 and ICRP-141 for members of the 232Th, 238U and 235U decay series on radiation doses received by Western Australian mine workers via the inhalation of insoluble dusts containing long-lived alpha particle emitting radionuclides.
Whilst some dose coefficients for individual members of the decay series have decreased, the nett effect is that the sum of all dose coefficients in all three decay series have increased as a result of the revisions. The increase is inversely related to Activity Median Aerodynamic Diameter.
Assuming the radionuclides in the inhaled dusts are in secular equilibrium, the dose conversion factors (the mean committed effective dose per unit intake of alpha activity) will increase by a factor between 1.9 and 2.9 times.
In 2019, 11 mining operations in Western Australia submitted an annual report of worker radiation exposures to the regulatory authority. The reports indicate that between 35% and 60% of the committed effective doses to workers arises from inhalation of insoluble radioactive dusts. Applying an AMAD of 5 μm and a 232Th decay series to 238+235U decay series ratio of 10:1, committed effective doses to the workforce are greater by a factor of between 0.74 and 1.26 times from those reported in 2018–19 as a result of the revised DCs published in ICRP-137 and ICRP-141.
Guidance on how to calculate doses from the inhalation of radioactive dusts is provided in the regulatory authority’s Guideline ‘NORM-5: Dose Assessment’, which will need revision to incorporate the revised dose coefficients. The Guideline has been widely distributed outside of Western Australia, and those jurisdictions which have adopted all, or sections of it, into their legal framework for radiation protection may need to consider the impact of the revision.
A low cost versatile differential preamplifier for electronic engineering
Authors: De Pinho Ferreira Nicolas , Gehin Claudine , Massot Bertrand 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Acquisition of differential signals from low voltage and high impedance sources is difficult when using commonly available laboratory test equipment such as a standard oscilloscope or single ended acquisition system. This paper presents a versatile differential preamplifier for universal signal conditioning. The probe offers a wide input voltage range and can measure signals ranging from a few hundred micro-volts up to 100 V with 1 MHz bandwidth. It also contains a programmable output filter for bandwidth limitation and noise reduction, user-accessible controls for offset adjustment and input coupling mode selection. The probe can be powered through an USB port or by using an internal battery. Input impedance can be made virtually infinite by the JFET input stage, which makes this differential preamplifier usable with a variety of high-impedance sources commonly encountered in the sensors research field and in electronic engineering. Experimental validation shows that the proposed device has better performance levels and interoperability than commercially available instrumentation at a reduced cost, even while using off-the-shelf components.
Achieving sub-100 ps time-of-flight resolution in thick LSO positron emission tomography while reducing system cost: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Walrand Stephan , Hesse Michel , Jamar François 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose. Evaluating the time-of-flight (TOF) resolution improvement that could be obtained using an easy crystal block modification which enables depth of interaction (DOI) assessment and simplifies the detector assembling process. Method. A fast optical Monte Carlo (MC) code was developed. The code was evaluated versus measurements of the energy resolution, number of detected scintillation photons and TOF resolution (TOFr) reported for different crystal photodetector setups. Then, MC simulations were performed for a modified crystal block section of 8 × 8 mm2 in which two partial saw cuts allow light sharing between four detector pixels with a strong dependence on the DOI. Results. Relative differences between MC simulations and reported measurements were always below 10% for any quantities. The simulations showed that the best TOFr was obtained by leaving the partial saw cuts empty. This feature results from the fact that for a slant angle lower than 56 degrees, the scintillation photons undergo a lossless total reflection at the L[Y]SO → air boundary, which is hardly achievable using a reflector material. According to the simulations, this approach allows a TOFr improvement from 163 ps to 90 ps full width at half-maximum using a 22 mm thick LSO 0.2%Ca:Ce crystal coupled to a FBK-NUV-HD silicon photomultiplier. Conclusion. Sub-100 ps TOFr using thick LSO crystal appears achievable using this simple crystal block modification. The method reduces by a factor of 4 the number of crystal pixels to be covered by a reflective material and afterwards joined together. As clinical positron emission tomography contains about 60 000 crystal pixels, this benefit would reduce the assembling cost.
Phase diagram and optimal control for n-tupling discrete time crystal
Authors: Kuroś Arkadiusz , Mukherjee Rick , Golletz Weronika , Sauvage Frederic , Giergiel Krzysztof , Mintert Florian , Sacha Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A remarkable consequence of spontaneously breaking the time translational symmetry in a system, is the emergence of time crystals. In periodically driven systems, discrete time crystals (DTC) can be realized which have a periodicity that is n times the driving period. However, all of the experimental observations have been performed for period-doubling and period-tripling DTC. Novel physics can arise by simulating many-body physics in the time domain, which would require a genuine realisation of the n-tupling DTC. A system of ultra-cold bosonic atoms bouncing resonantly on an oscillating mirror is one of the models that can realise large period DTC. The preparation of DTC demands control in creating the initial distribution of the ultra-cold bosonic atoms along with the mirror frequency. In this work, we demonstrate that such DTC is robust against perturbations to the initial distribution of atoms. We show how Bayesian methods can be used to enhance control in the preparation of the initial state as well as to efficiently calculate the phase diagram for such a model. Moreover, we examine the stability of DTCs by analyzing quantum many-body fluctuations and show that they do not reveal signatures of heating.
Research of the influence of hydroabrasive surface cleaning on plasma cutting
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov Az T , Israphilov I H , Shafigullin L N , Gabdrakhmanova T F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
On the example of plasma cutting of 1.0038 steel, the features of hydroabrasive (EPS) cleaning are shown. The basic requirements for the quality of the cut surface and a wide range of material properties due to the characteristics of the power tool are formulated. The formation of the heat-affected zone, its structure and properties, the formation of macro- and microgeometry of the cut depending on the working gas used are described. The influence of plasma cutting parameters on ensuring the necessary quality and properties of steel is considered.
Experimental installation to study the RF plasma flow at low pressures with experiment data synchronization
Authors: Shemakhin A Yu , Zheltukhin V S , Shemakhin E Yu , Terentev T N , Sofronitsky A O 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A diagram and description of an experimental setup for studying the properties of a stream of RF plasma at low pressure are presented. The setup is equipped with diagnostic devices that record the temperature, volt-ampere characteristics, and pressure in the chamber.
High-intensity pulsed ion beam treatment of amorphous iron-based metal alloy
Authors: Nazipov R A , Batalov R I , Bayazitov R M , Novikov H A , Shustov V A , Dulov E N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The results of intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) treatment of the soft magnetic amorphous alloy of a FINEMET-type are presented. Foil produced from the alloy was irradiated with short (about 100 ns) pulses of carbon ions and protons with energy of up to 300 keV and an energy density of up to 7 J/cm2. X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements were used to investigate structural and magnetic properties of irradiated foils. It is shown that the foil remains intact after the treatment, and the crystal structure still amorphous. Spontaneous magnetization vector is found to lie almost along perpendicular to the foil plane after irradiation, whereas for the initial amorphous foil it belongs to the plane. The magnetic properties of the foil undergo changes: the coercive force decreases, the saturation induction increases slightly, and the magnetization curve has shallower slope.
Particle drift at rotational oscillations of the lower boundary of a rectangular resonator
Authors: Gubaidullin D A , Osipov P P , Nasyrov R R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Acoustic streaming generated by standing wave in a rectangular resonator filled with viscous polytropic gas is simulated. Standing wave is excited by rotational vibrations of the lower boundary. The resonator is filled with small particles of water uniformly distributed over its region at the initial moment of time. In this paper the drift of the particles in resonator after a large number of periods studied numerically.
Effect of the speed of the flat substrate movement on the air plasma jet transversal spreading at its impinging the surface
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Balakirev A A , Medvedev M A , Petryakov A V , Trushkin N I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Low-temperature plasma jets are used to treat both the motionless and moving objects (targets or substrates). The gas-dynamic aspects of the plasma jet’s interaction with the target are important and have to be taken into account in selecting the most efficient plasma processing parameters. Clearly, the spreading of plasma jet over a fast-moving surface is significantly different from its spreading over a fixed target. This question is investigated by the example of the interaction of an air plasma jet with a surface of fast-rotating dielectric disk. It is shown the change in the shape of the jet striking perpendicularly the moving substrate happens due to the movement of a thin layer of the ambient air adjacent to the fast-moving surface. This effect can have a noticeable influence on the reactive particles transfer from the plasma jet onto the surface to be treated.
Modification of the WC-Co carbide surface with high-intensity pulsed ion beam
Authors: Prima A.I. , Egorova Yu.I. , Pushkarev A.I. , Matryenin S.V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of WC-Co surface modification with high-intensity pulsed ion beams at high energy density 7-8 J/cm2 per one pulse. One, five and ten pulses regimes of irradiation have been studied using scanning electron microscopy of both the surface morphology and cross-section, X-ray diffraction analysis and a nano-hardness tester. Beam irradiation with high energy density resulted in phase transformation from hexagonal α-WC to cubic ß-WC1-x. XRD analysis shows that the volume content of new formed cubic phase in the modified layer is ~ 97%.
Gas discharge between two liquid electrolyte electrodes
Authors: Tazmeev G K , Tazmeeva R N , Tazmeev B K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A gas discharge between two liquid electrolyte electrodes was studied experimentally in the current range of 0.5-3.5 A. As liquid electrolytes, aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and copper sulfate, as well as tap water, were used. The effect of composition of electrolytes on characteristics of discharge was studied at different polarities of connection to the power source.
Deformation of porous cylindrical bodies under action on their compressing loads
Authors: Fedyaev V L , Faskhutdinov M Kh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The plastic deformation of cylindrical bodies on a rigid base under the action of a flat stamp is considered. It is assumed that the material of these bodies is porous, the loads are unsteady. Friction forces on the contact surfaces of the ends of the cylinder with the stamp and the base are considered small. After a series of simplifying assumptions, the corresponding mathematical problems are formulated. As a result of an analytical solution, they obtained relations for evaluating parameters characterizing the dynamics of compression of bodies, which at the same time make it possible to evaluate the loads acting on the base material, the degree of compaction of it, as well as the material of deformable bodies.
Synthesis of silicon nanowires in electric arc argon plasma
Authors: Timerkaev B A , Feltsinger V S , Shakirov B R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method of synthesis of silicon nanowires in microarc argon plasma. During the experiment, an adjustable direct current source with a ballast resistor was used. The cathode was a molybdenum rod, and the anode was silicon. The silicon was located in a small deepening in a graphite rod. During the experiment, synthesis of silicon nanowires was observed on the surface of molybdenum rod. The obtained silicon nanowires are straight and non-hollow inside, nanowires have a smooth surface and have a hexagonal cross-section. The resulting nanowires will be able to find further application in light emitting diodes, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics.