bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-Asian Competition and Collaboration against the West: The N.Y.K. Bombay Line, Tata & Sons, and Indian Cotton at the End of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Akita Shigeru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The traditional and orthodox interpretation of the British Raj (colonial rule in India) characterizes it in terms of the economic exploitation of India. However, recent historical studies have focused on the revival or development of the Indian cotton industry at the turn of the twentieth century. This article pays special attention to the rapid development of the Indian cotton-spinning industry as an export industry for the Chinese market and its implications for intra-Asian competition.
From Slave Trade to Human System: Patrick Manning and World History
Authors: Cheng Yinghong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This biographical essay sketches Patrick Manning’s career in world history and the contributions he has made to the field. Starting as a social and economic historian of Africa, Manning has continued to expand his interests by responding to the calls that history as an intellectual enterprise receives from society. As an educator and academic organizer, Manning taught for many years at Northeastern University and the University of Pittsburgh, established and helped to build many graduate programs and scholarly associations, and served as vice president (2004–2006) and president (2016–2017) of the American Historical Association.
Africa and the Demographic Consequences of the Columbian Exchange
Authors: Frankema Ewout 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Patrick Manning has been one of the leading scholars of African historical demography since the late 1970s. This essay takes stock of his contribution to the field and highlights some of the debates in which Manning has participated over the past forty years. The essay also discusses some of the main challenges of extrapolating African population series into previous centuries, arguing that the models designed by Manning capture the potential negative consequences of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on African population development since 1500 well, but that the next step forward requires methods for estimating the positive effects of the introduction and diffusion of New World food crops in Africa.
An ‘Enlightenment-centred’ Approach to Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Hoon Hwang Kyung 
Published: October 2019

This study explores the possible dialogue between Catholic Philosopher Lonergan and Zen (Seon) Master Chinul in the light of enlightenment or conversion as ‘Christian enlightenment’. Keeping in mind that Zen Buddhism puts much stress on ‘direct cutting’ or ‘intuition’ rather than language or knowing, this comparative study examines Lonergan’s ‘transcendental epistemology’ in which he shows how humans could reach ‘conversion’ (Metanoia) or ‘Christian enlightenment’ with Chinul’s idea of Buddha-nature as ‘mystical or spiritual knowing’(靈智).
Such ‘enlightenment-centered’ comparison will suggest a ‘deeper dialogue’ on the level of fundamental human consciousness, such that this study could be a suggestion or even a challenge for both Eastern and Western religious traditions by expanding the horizon of interreligious dialogue for a new and deeper way of promoting such dialogue.
Tornado Damage Ratings Estimated with Cumulative Logistic Regression
Authors: Elsner James B. , Schroder Zoe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmpirical studies have led to improvements in evaluating and quantifying the tornado threat. However, more work is needed to put the research onto a solid statistical foundation. Here the authors begin to build this foundation by introducing and then demonstrating a statistical model to estimate damage rating (enhanced Fujita scale) probabilities. A goal is to alert researchers to available statistical technology for improving severe weather warnings. The model is cumulative logistic regression and the parameters are determined using Bayesian inference. The model is demonstrated by estimating damage rating probabilities from values of known environmental factors on days with many tornadoes in the United States. Controlling for distance to nearest town/city, which serves as a proxy variable for damage target density, the model quantifies the chance that a particular tornado will be assigned any damage rating given specific environmental conditions. Under otherwise average conditions, the model estimates a 65% chance that a tornado occurring in a city or town will be rated EF0 when bulk shear (1000–500-hPa layer) is weak (10 m s−1). This probability drops to 38% when the bulk shear is strong (40 m s−1). The model quantifies the corresponding increases in the chance of the same tornado receiving higher damage ratings. Quantifying changes to the probability distribution on the ordered damage rating categories is a natural application of cumulative logistic regression.
Fatal Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Patient With an Aortic Endostent Under Alirocumab
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Mertikian Gerard , Stahl Dorit , Finsterer Josef 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Aortic stent-graft infection (SGI) entails a high mortality. Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), approved for treatment of therapy-refractory hypercholesterolemia. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 might play a role in infections. Case report: A 68-year-old male suffered from fatigue, fever, and back pain. Twelve months previously, a 4-fold-fenestrated aortic endoprosthesis was implanted because of an aortic aneurysm. Four months later, alirocumab 150 mg was initiated. Staphylococcus aureus grew in several blood cultures, and he received cefazolin and fosfomycin. Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography indicated an infected endoprosthesis. Puncture of the periprosthetic space under antibiotic therapy revealed different strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The therapy was changed to dalbavancin. The patient died suddenly 11 days later after complaining about back pain for several days. No autopsy was carried out. Conclusions: The most probable cause of the patient’s recurrent bacteremia with S aureus was an infection of the aortic prosthesis. Although this report is very speculative, it can be concluded that data about infections in patients under PCSK9 inhibitors should be collected systematically and more research is needed about the biological consequences of decreasing cholesterol to extreme low levels.
Transcriptomic and presence/absence variation in the barley genome assessed from multi-tissue mRNA sequencing and their power to predict phenotypic traits
Authors: Weisweiler Marius , Montaigu Amaury de , Ries David , Pfeifer Mara , Stich Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBarley is the world’s fourth most cultivated cereal and is an important crop model for genetic studies. One layer of genomic information that remains poorly explored in barley is presence/absence variation (PAV), which has been suggested to contribute to phenotypic variation of agronomic importance in various crops.ResultsAn mRNA sequencing approach was used to study genomic PAV and transcriptomic variation in 23 spring barley inbreds. 1502 new genes identified here were physically absent from the Morex reference sequence, and 11,523 previously unannotated genes were not expressed in Morex. The procedure applied to detect expression PAV revealed that more than 50% of all genes of our data set are not expressed in all inbreds. Interestingly, expression PAV were not in strong linkage disequilibrium with neighboring sequence variants (SV), and therefore provided an additional layer of genetic information. Optimal combinations of expression PAV, SV, and gene abundance data could enhance the prediction accuracy of predicting three different agronomic traits.ConclusionsOur results highlight the advantage of mRNA sequencing for genomic prediction over other technologies, as it allows extracting multiple layers of genomic data from a single sequencing experiment. Finally, we propose low coverage mRNA sequencing based characterization of breeding material harvested as seedlings in petri dishes as a powerful and cost efficient approach to replace current single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based characterizations.
A matched-pair analysis on survival and response rates between German and non-German cancer patients treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Budde Marie K. , Kuhn Walther , Keyver-Paik Mignon-Denise , Bootz Friedrich , Kalff Jörg C. , Müller Stefan C. , Bieber Thomas , Brossart Peter , Vatter Hartmut , Herrlinger Ulrich , Wirtz Dieter C. , Schild Hans H. , Kristiansen Glen , Pietsch Thorsten , Aretz Stefan , Geiser Franziska , Radbruch Lukas , Reich Rudolf H. , Strassburg Christian P. , Skowasch Dirk , Essler Markus , Ernstmann Nicole , Landsberg Jennifer , Funke Benjamin , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Research shows disparities in cancer outcomes by ethnicity or socio-economic status. Therefore, it is the aim of our study to perform a matched-pair analysis which compares the outcome of German and non-German (in the following described as ‘foreign’) cancer patients being treated at the Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln Bonn at the University Hospital of Bonn between January 2010 and June 2016.

Methods
During this time, 6314 well-documented patients received a diagnosis of cancer. Out of these patients, 219 patients with foreign nationality could be matched to German patients based on diagnostic and demographic criteria and were included in the study. All of these 438 patients were well characterized concerning survival data (Overall survival, Progression-free survival and Time to progression) and response to treatment.

Results
No significant differences regarding the patients’ survival and response rates were seen when all German and foreign patients were compared. A subgroup analysis of German and foreign patients with head and neck cancer revealed a significantly longer progression-free survival for the German patients. Differences in response to treatment could not be found in this subgroup analysis.

Conclusions
In summary, no major differences in survival and response rates of German and foreign cancer patients were revealed in this study. Nevertheless, the differences in progression-free survival, which could be found in the subgroup analysis of patients with head and neck cancer, should lead to further research, especially evaluating the role of infectious diseases like human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on carcinogenesis and disease progression.
Using data on snus use in Sweden to compare different modelling approaches to estimate the population health impact of introducing a smoke-free tobacco product
Authors: Djurdjevic Smilja , Pecze Laszlo , Weitkunat Rolf , Luedicke Frank , Fry John , Lee Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
We have developed an approach for modelling the health impact of introducing new smoke-free tobacco products. We wished to compare its estimates with those of alternative approaches, when applied to snus, used in Sweden for many years.

Methods
Modelling was restricted to men aged 30–79 years for 1980–2009 and to four smoking-related diseases. Mortality data were extracted for Sweden and other European countries. Published data provided Swedish prevalence estimates for combinations of never/former/current smoking and snus use, and smoking prevalence estimates for other European countries. Approach 1 compares mortality in Sweden and in other countries with a smoking prevalence similar to Sweden’s prevalence of combined smoking/snus use. Approaches 2 and 3 compare mortality in Sweden with hypothetical mortality had snus users smoked. Approach 3 uses our health impact model, individuals starting with the tobacco prevalence of Sweden in 1980. Tobacco histories during 30-year follow-up were then estimated using transition probabilities, with risk derived using a negative exponential model. Approach 2 uses annual tobacco prevalence estimates coupled with estimates of relative risk of current and former smokers regardless of history. The main applications of Approaches 2 and 3 assume that only smoking affects mortality, though sensitivity analyses using Approach 3 allow for risk to vary in snus users and dual users.

Results
Using Approach 2, estimated mortality increases in Sweden in 1980–2009 had snus not been introduced were: lung cancer 8786; COPD 1781; IHD 10,409; stroke 1720. The main Approach 3 estimates were similar (7931, 1969; 12,501; 1901). They decreased as risk in snus users and dual users increased. Approach 1 estimates differed wildly (77,762, 32,538; 77,438; 76,946), remaining very different following correction for differences between Sweden and the comparison countries in non-smoking-related disease mortality.

Conclusions
Approach 1 is unreliable, accounting inadequately for non-tobacco factors affecting mortality. Approaches 2 and 3 provide reasonably similar approximate estimates of the mortality increase had snus not been available, but have differing advantages and disadvantages. Only Approach 3 considers tobacco history, but develops histories using tobacco transition probabilities, which is possibly less reliable than using estimated tobacco prevalences at each follow-up year.
Some representations of the general solution to a difference equation of additive type
Authors: Stević Stevo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe general solution to the difference equation$$x_{n+1}=\frac {ax_{n}x_{n-1}x_{n-2}+bx_{n-1}x_{n-2}+cx_{n-2}+d}{x_{n}x_{n-1}x_{n-2}},\quad n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, $$xn+1=axnxn−1xn−2+bxn−1xn−2+cxn−2+dxnxn−1xn−2,n∈N0,where$a, b, c\in\mathbb{C}$a,b,c∈C,$d\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$d∈C∖{0}, is presented by using the coefficients, the initial values$x_{-j}$x−j,$j=\overline{0,2}$j=0,2‾, and the solution to the difference equation$$y_{n+1}=ay_{n}+by_{n-1}+cy_{n-2}+dy_{n-3}, \quad n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}, $$yn+1=ayn+byn−1+cyn−2+dyn−3,n∈N0,satisfying the initial conditions$y_{-3}=y_{-2}=y_{-1}=0$y−3=y−2=y−1=0,$y_{0}=1$y0=1. The representation complements known ones of the general solutions to the corresponding difference equations of the first and second order. Besides, the general representation formula is investigated in detail and refined by using the roots of the characteristic polynomial$$P_{4}(\lambda )=\lambda ^{4}-a\lambda ^{3}-b\lambda ^{2}-c\lambda -d $$P4(λ)=λ4−aλ3−bλ2−cλ−dof the linear equation. The following cases are considered separately: (1) all the roots of the polynomial are distinct; (2) there is a unique double root of the polynomial; (3) there is a triple root of the polynomial and one simple; (4) there is a quadruple root of the polynomial; (5) there are two distinct double roots of the polynomial.
Development of a framework for increasing asthma awareness in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndarukwa Pisirai , Chimbari Moses J. , Sibanda Elopy N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Asthma accounts for significant global morbidity and health-care costs. It is still poorly understood among health professionals and the general population. Consequently, there are significant morbidity and mortality rates throughout the globe. The aim of this study was to develop a framework to increase asthma awareness at Chitungwiza Hospital, Zimbabwe.

Methods
A modified Delphi model was used to collect data to develop a framework for increasing asthma awareness. At baseline (round 1) in-depth interviews with 44 medical doctors were carried out to understand the level of asthma awareness. Round 2 data collection was in the form of a workshop involving a total of 15 doctors, 30 nurses, four public relations officers, and two health education and promotion officers. The same participants who were engaged in round 2 were also involved in the third round where consensus was achieved by the health professionals.

Results
Our study showed that awareness to asthma among health care providers was affected by mimicry of symptoms and lack of continuous education on asthma. Our study showed lack of Information Education and Communication (IEC) material and lack of use of bulk messages affected asthma awareness. Our study showed that clinical meetings on asthma, having asthma training manuals, (IEC) materials and guidelines for asthma diagnosis and management could improve health care providers’ awareness of asthma. Bulk messages on asthma through network providers, social media and bill boards, commemorating world asthma day, edutainment, asthma ambassadors and multimedia were suggested as means of improving awareness of asthma among the public.

Conclusion
We concluded that awareness of asthma can be improved using a framework. Such a framework ultimately improves the quality of asthma care.
Therapeutic experience with tramadol for opioid dependence in a patient with chronic low back pain: a case report
Authors: Shigematsu-Locatelli Marie , Kawano Takashi , Koyama Tsuyoshi , Iwata Hideki , Nishigaki Atsushi , Aoyama Bun , Tateiwa Hiroki , Kitaoka Noriko , Yokoyama Masataka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong-term opioid treatment for chronic non-cancer pain has become controversial, given the increasing prevalence of opioid dependence. However, there is little information on therapeutic strategies for this condition in Japanese patients. Here, we present a case of successful management of iatrogenic opioid dependence with tramadol in a patient with chronic low back pain.Case presentationA 68-year-old male suffering from intractable low back pain was referred to our pain clinic. He was previously treated in another hospital with transdermal fentanyl patches 6 mg/day and fentanyl sublingual tablets (100 μg as required) for this condition. On the basis of medical examination, including a review of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, X-ray, and his family statement, we diagnosed him with iatrogenic opioid dependence due to inadequate fentanyl use. Then, we developed a treatment plan consisting in fentanyl detoxification with a weak opioid, tramadol. At first, the use of fentanyl sublingual tablets was interrupted after obtaining informed consent. Then, we reduced the dose of transdermal fentanyl 1 mgper4–5 days replacing with oral sustained-release tramadol. The patient developed mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms during this period, which could be effectively managed by supportive treatments. The hospital psychiatry liaison team continuously provided the patient and his wife with information, counseling, and education regarding the treatment of opioid dependence. Throughout the detoxification process, his reported pain did not exacerbate, even slightly improved over time. The final prescription was sustained-release tramadol 300 mg/day without fentanyl, and his activities of daily living drastically improved. However, unfortunately, he died due to an aortic dissection of stent-graft edge 65 days after surgery.ConclusionsOur case highlighted that sustained-release tramadol could be effectively applied as a detoxification agent for iatrogenic opioid dependence in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
The Klf6-related super enhancer regulates Klf6-SV2 expression mediated proliferation in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells
Authors: Ri Kum Chol , Kim Chol , Choe Sun Il , So Ju Hyok , O Se Hyok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The Klf6 gene, which belongs to Krüppel-like family of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors, is greatly related to tumorigenesis via a high rate of somatic mutation in the carcinomas of prostate, liver, colon, stomach, lung, neck, pituitary, and nervous system: Furthermore, the pathways regulating the expressions of Klf6 splice variants termed Klf6-SV1, -SV2, and -SV3 remain obscure although their functional outcomes have been clear. In this study, the functional roles of Klf6 variants in the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by the disruption of Klf6-related super enhancer in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells were evaluated.

Results
As a result, the disruption of Klf6-related super enhancer not only induced the upregulation of Klf6-SV2 but also led to a significant reduction of proliferation in HepG2 cells. In addition, the disruption of Klf6-related super enhancer led to the induction of p21 and Bax genes mediated by the upregulation of Klf6-SV2.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Klf6-related super enhancer modulates cell proliferation via the regulation of Klf6-SV2 expression in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The results provide the functional significance of Klf6-related super enhancer in understanding the transcriptional regulation mechanism of Klf6.
The effects of long lasting physical exercise and training on kidneys functions
Authors: Żołądkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: October 2019

During long lasting physical exercise and physical training, a large number of changes occur in the human body. The body homeostasis is disturbed, and observed changes include kidney function. The most common observed symptom is a decrease in the amount of urine excreted due to an increase in the secondary absorption of water during exercise. During long lasting physical exercise the filtration in the glomeruli is impaired, and thus the composition of urine is changing. Differences in the amount of minerals excreted are noted, as a result of water loss, and urine osmolarity increases. Those changes are depend largely on the type of undertaken physical activity, its duration, as well as the individual predisposition of the examined physical active human. Therefore, in individual studies, the results differ significantly, and it is impossible to draw unequivocal conclusions.
Personality profile of Polish Volleyball players – a case study of players at various sports levels
Authors: Piepiora Paweł , Kaśków Klaudia 
Published: October 2019

Aim. The aim of the study was to check if there are differences in the personality of volleyball players in Poland at different levels of sports advancement. Method and subject. The study was conducted with the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory on three groups of Polish volleyball players: first league (n = 30), second league (n = 30), third league (n = 30). Results. First league volleyballers showed lower levels of neuroticism and higher extraversion and conscientiousness indicators than players from the third league. Conclusions. There are statistical significant differences between volleyballers at different sports levels in the scales of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness.
Heart Failure in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: McNamara Dan G. 
Published: October 2019

Recognition of heart failure, especially left heart failure is often more difficult in the infant than the medical management. Treatment of failure is aimed at:

Rapid relief of congestion in vital organs such as the lung and
Improving the oxygen supply to deprived organs.

Basically the plan should be aimed at increasing cardiac output, decreasing circulating blood volume and preventing conditions which call for increased oxygen utilization.
For patients with pulmonary edema attention is directed at improving ventilation as much as in improving cardiac output.
Heart failure in the infant may now be treated with greater optimism and hope than was justified ten years ago. Some infants recover entirely with no further treatment needed while others recover sufficiently to reach the cardiovascular surgeon in a reasonable state for definitive surgical repair.