bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evidence-based bundle improves the quality of care and outcomes of patients with candidaemia
Authors: Cardozo Celia , Cuervo Guillermo , Salavert Miguel , Merino Paloma , Gioia Francesca , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , López-Cortés Luis E , Escolá-Vergé Laura , Montejo Miguel , Muñoz Patricia , Aguilar-Guisado Manuela , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Tasias Mariona , Ruiz-Gaitán Alba , González Fernando , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Vena Antonio , Marco Francesc , Pemán Javier , Fortún Jesús , Aguado José María , Almirante Benito , Soriano Alejandro , Carratalá Jordi , Garcia-Vidal Carolina ,   GEMICOMED (SEIMC) and the Spanish CANDI-Bundle Group, Martínez J A , Morata L , Rodríguez-Nuñez O , Guerrero M A , Ayats J , Grau I , Calabuig E , Castro I , Cuéllar S , Martín-Dávila P , Gómez-García de la Pedrosa E , Pérez-Ayala A , Losada I , Navarro M D , Suarez A I , Martin-Gomez M T , Rodríguez-Alvarez R , López-Soira L , Bouza E , Guinea J , Martín C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCandidaemia is a leading cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients all over the world. It remains associated with high mortality.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of implementing an evidence-based package of measures (bundle) on the quality of care and outcomes of candidaemia.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed to identify measures related to better outcomes in candidaemia. Eight quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) were identified and a set of written recommendations (early treatment, echinocandins in septic shock, source control, follow-up blood culture, ophthalmoscopy, echocardiography, de-escalation, length of treatment) was prospectively implemented. The study was performed in 11 tertiary hospitals in Spain. A quasi-experimental design before and during bundle implementation (September 2016 to February 2018) was used. For the pre-intervention period, data from the prospective national surveillance were used (May 2010 to April 2011).ResultsA total of 385 and 263 episodes were included in the pre-intervention and intervention groups, respectively. Adherence to all QCIs improved in the intervention group. The intervention group had a decrease in early (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23–0.89; P = 0.022) and overall (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.4–0.94; P = 0.023) mortality after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsImplementing a structured, evidence-based intervention bundle significantly improved patient care and early and overall mortality in patients with candidaemia. Institutions should embrace this objective strategy and use the bundle as a means to measure high-quality medical care of patients.
Stigmasterol as a potential biomarker for amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Bansal Ruby , Sen Shib Sankar , Muthuswami Rohini , Madhubala Rentala 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, is the primary causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis. Toxicity and increased resistance to existing drugs have led to an urgent need for identifying new drugs and drug targets. Understanding the risks and mechanisms of resistance is of great importance. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene antimicrobial, the mainstay therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in several parts of India.

Objectives
In the present study, we established a line of AmB-resistant L. donovani promastigotes in vitro and demonstrated the molecular basis of resistance to AmB.

Methods
AmB-resistant promastigotes were generated and characterized to evaluate the mechanism of resistance to AmB. We examined the sterol composition of the promastigotes and the axenic amastigotes derived from the WT and AmB-resistant promastigotes. The role of the plant-like C-22 desaturase responsible for stigmasterol production was also evaluated in the AmB-resistant strain.

Results
The IC50 for resistant cells was four times higher than for the WT. AmB-resistant promastigotes showed an increase in the conversion of β-sitosterol into stigmasterol. The presence of higher amounts of stigmasterol in resistant promastigotes, as well as in axenic amastigotes, signifies its role in AmB resistance in Leishmania. The resistant strain showed reduced infectivity in vitro.

Conclusions
We have elucidated the mode of action and resistance mechanisms to the drug. However, further work is required to validate the potential role of stigmasterol in resistance and to help develop a diagnostic kit that can assist in diagnosing potentially resistant lines in the field.
The effect of pregnancy on nitrogen retention, maternal insulin sensitivity, and mRNA abundance of genes involved in energy and amino acid metabolism in gilts
Authors: Miller Emily G , Huber Lee-Anne , Cant John P , Levesque Crystal L , de Lange Cornelis F M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Twenty-one of each pregnant (P) and nonserviced, nonpregnant (NP) sister-pairs of gilts were selected to investigate the effect of pregnancy on protein deposition (Pd; whole body and maternal), insulin sensitivity, and mRNA abundance of genes involved in energy and AA metabolism. Between breeding (study day 0) and day 111, P and NP gilts received 2.16 kg of the experimental diet (3.34 Mcal ME/kg, 17.6% crude protein, 0.78% standardized ileal digestible lysine) that was formulated to meet the estimated ME requirements of pregnant gilts (and meet or exceed AA requirements). Nitrogen balances were conducted on day 63 and 102 ± 0.2 of the study during 4-d periods. Blood samples were collected on day 43, 56, 71, 85, 98, and 108 ± 0.3 of the study to determine plasma concentrations of fasted IGF-1, estradiol (E2), and estrone sulfate (E1S). Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTT) were conducted on day 75 ± 0.7 in 6 P and 5 NP gilts and on day 107 ± 0.4 in 17 P and 17 NP gilts and the MINMOD approach was applied to evaluate whole body insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsiveness. Longissimus muscle (LM) and s.c. adipose tissue (AD) samples were excised from 12 P and 12 NP gilts at day 111 ± 0.4 of the study after euthanasia to determine mRNA abundance of key genes. Whole body Pd was greater (P &lt; 0.001) at day 102 and maternal Pd was lower (P &lt; 0.002) at day 63 and 102 for P compared to NP gilts. Plasma concentrations of E1S and E2 increased (P &lt; 0.05) with study day for P gilts and remained constant for NP gilts, which coincided with reduced plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and increased estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) mRNA abundance in LM of P gilts. Glucose effectiveness was not different between P and NP gilts, but whole body insulin sensitivity was lower (P = 0.004) in P compared to NP gilts on day 75 and 107, which corresponded with reduced mRNA abundances of SLC2A4, HK2, SREBF1, and FASN, and increased abundances of PDK4 and PPARGC1A in LM and AD. When fed identically, P gilts had greater whole body Pd at day 102, which reflects Pd in the pregnancy-associated tissues (at the expense of maternal Pd), likely driven by estrogen-stimulated insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and subsequent modulation of gene expression relating to glucose metabolism.
Model and Moment Selection in Factor Copula Models
Authors: Duan Fang , Manner Hans , Wied Dominik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article develops a simultaneous model and moment selection procedure for factor copula models. Since the density of the factor copula is generally not known in closed form, widely used likelihood or moment-based model selection criteria cannot be directly applied on factor copulas. The new approach is inspired by the methods for generalized methods of moments proposed by Andrews (1999) and Andrews and Lu (2001). The consistency of the procedure is proved and Monte Carlo simulations show its good performance in finite samples in different scenarios of sample sizes and dimensions. The impact of the choice of moments in selected regions of the support on model selection and value-at-risk prediction is further examined by simulation and an application to a portfolio consisting of ten stocks in the Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX30) index.
Two New Species and New Records of Mites of the Genus Parichoronyssus (Acari: Macronyssidae) From South American Bats (Chiroptera), With a Key to the Known Species of the Genus
Authors: Morales-Malacara Juan B , Guerrero Ricardo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Derived from exhaustive search of mites of the genus Parichoronyssus associated with South American Bats, we found two new species associated with Phyllostomid, Emballonurid, and Noctiniolid bats: Parichoronyssus alexanderfaini n. sp. associated with Rhinophylla pumilio Peters; Parichoronyssus gettingeri n. sp. associated with Rhynchonycteris naso Wied-Newied, and Noctilio leporinus Linneo. Herein we give the description of those new species, and additionally is included several new records for Parichoronyssus from the region, as well as providing a key to the 11 species of Parichoronyssus.
New Species of the Genus Periglischrus (Acari: Spinturnicidae) from Monophyllus Bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the West Indies, Including a Morphometric Analysis of Its Intraspecific Variation
Authors: Morales-Malacara Juan B , Castaño-Meneses Gabriela , Klompen Hans , Mancina Carlos A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe discovery of a new species, Periglischrus empheresotrichus, was determined through a review of museum collections, as well as a field survey of ectoparasites of island bats. This new species parasitizes on two bat species of the genus Monophyllus Leach, the Greater Antillean Long-tongued bat Monophyllus redmani Leach and the Lesser Antillean Long-tongued bat Monophyllus plethodon Miller. The female, male, deuthonymphs, and protonymph are described and illustrated. P. empheresotrichus n. sp. has an insular distribution, we evaluated the morphological variation of the adult populations, and concluded that intra-specific variation is correlated both with host species and locality (island) in the West Indies.
The risk and prevention of venous thromboembolism in the pregnant traveller
Authors: Karsanji Divya J , Bates Shannon M , Skeith Leslie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The average risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in long haul travellers is approximately 2.8 per 1000 travellers, which is increased in the presence of other VTE risk factors. In pregnant long-haul travellers, little is known in terms of the absolute risk of VTE in these women and, therefore, there is limited consensus on appropriate thromboprophylaxis in this setting.

Objective
This review will provide guidance to allow practitioners to safely minimize the risk of travel-related VTE in pregnant women. The suggestions provided are based on limited data, extrapolated risk estimates of VTE in pregnant travellers and recommendations from published guidelines.

Results
We found that the absolute VTE risk per flight appears to be &lt;1% for the average pregnant or postpartum traveller. In pregnant travellers with a prior history of VTE, a potent thrombophilia or strong antepartum risk factors (e.g. combination of obesity and immobility), the risk of VTE with travel appears to be &gt;1%. Postpartum, the risk of VTE with travel may be &gt;1% for women with thrombophilias (particularly in those with a family history) and other transient risk factors and in women with a prior VTE.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, we recommend simple measures be taken by all pregnant travellers, such as frequent ambulation, hydration and calf exercises. In those at an intermediate risk, we suggest a consideration of 20–30 mmHg compression stockings. In the highest risk group, we suggest careful consideration for low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis. If there are specific concerns, we advise consultation with a thrombosis expert at the nearest local centre.
Lyα emitters in a cosmological volume II: the impact of the intergalactic medium
Authors: Gurung-López Siddhartha , Orsi Álvaro A , Bonoli Silvia , Padilla Nelson , Lacey Cedric G , Baugh Carlton M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the near future galaxy surveys will target Lyman alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) to unveil the nature of dark energy. It has been suggested that the observability of LAEs is coupled to the large scale properties of the intergalactic medium. Such coupling could introduce distortions into the observed clustering of LAEs, adding a new potential difficulty to the interpretation of upcoming surveys. We present a model of LAEs that incorporates $\rm {Ly}\alpha$ radiative transfer processes in the interstellar and intergalactic medium. The model is implemented in the GALFORM semi-analytic model of galaxy of formation and evolution. We find that the radiative transfer inside galaxies produces selection effects over galaxy properties. In particular, observed LAEs tend to have low metallicities and intermediate star formation rates. At low redshift we find no evidence of a correlation between the spatial distribution of LAEs and the intergalactic medium properties. However, at high redshift the LAEs are linked to the line of sight velocity and density gradient of the intergalactic medium. The strength of the coupling depends on the outflow properties of the galaxies and redshift. This effect modifies the clustering of LAEs on large scales, adding non linear features. In particular, our model predicts modifications to the shape and position of the baryon acoustic oscillation peak. This work highlights the importance of including radiative transfer physics in the cosmological analysis of LAEs.
Integrated approach to the PDR/H ii complex by the application of carbon radio recombination lines in the millimetre range and fine-structure lines of C ii and O i
Authors: Siddiqui S A , Khan Shafiqullah , Qaiyum A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We have performed self-consistent calculations to estimate the physical parameters of photodissociation regions (PDRs) associated with objects, namely, NGC 2024, Orion A and W3, using far-infrared continuum emission, fine-structure lines of C ii and O i, and radio recombination lines of carbon. Typically, PDRs separate H ii regions from the molecular cloud; therefore, necessary corrections for the contribution to C ii line emission due to the H ii region are made. For that purpose, using observational data, theoretical calculations are performed to obtain the best fit for the said observations. Three parameters, angular size, θ (in arcminutes), far-ultraviolet radiation field G0, and hydrogen density nH (which gives electron density and temperature), are varied, and the sets of parameters (G0 and nH) obtained for the NGC 2024, Orion A and W3 PDRs are (7.6 × 104 and 1.2 × 105 cm−3), (2.8 × 105 and 2.3 × 105 cm−3) and (3.7 × 105 and 1.9 × 105 cm−3), respectively. The relationship between line and continuum emissions from PDRs associated with H ii regions leads us to conclude that exciting stars for the NGC 2024, Orion A and W3 H ii regions are O8–O9V, O6–O7V and O5–O6V, respectively.
A detailed study of Andromeda XIX, an extreme local analogue of ultradiffuse galaxies
Authors: Collins Michelle L M , Tollerud Erik J , Rich R Michael , Ibata Rodrigo A , Martin Nicolas F , Chapman Scott C , Gilbert Karoline M , Preston Janet 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
With a central surface brightness of μ0 = 29.3 mag arcsec−2, and half-light radius of $r_{\rm half}=3.1^{+0.9}_{-1.1}$ kpc, Andromeda XIX (And XIX) is an extremely diffuse satellite of Andromeda. We present spectra for ∼100 red giant branch stars in this galaxy, plus 16 stars in a nearby stellar stream. With this exquisite data set, we re-derive the properties of And XIX, measuring a systemic velocity of 〈vr〉 = −109.0 ± 1.6 km s−1 and a velocity dispersion of $\sigma _{vr} = 7.8^{+1.7}_{-1.5}$ km s−1 (higher than derived in our previous work). We marginally detect a velocity gradient along the major axis of $\frac{{\rm d} v}{{\rm d}\chi }= -2.1\pm 1.8~{\rm km\, s}^{-1}$ kpc−1. We find its mass-to-light ratio is higher than galaxies of comparable stellar mass (${}[M/L]_{\rm half} = 278^{+146}_{-198}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot /\mathrm{L}_\odot$), but its dynamics place it in a halo with a similar total mass to these galaxies. This could suggest that And XIX is a ‘puffed up’ dwarf galaxy, whose properties have been altered by tidal processes, similar to its Milky Way counterpart, Antlia II. For the nearby stream, we measure $v_r=-279.2\pm 3.7~{\rm km\, s}^{-1}$, and $\sigma _v=13.8^{+3.5}_{-2.6}~{\rm km\, s}^{-1}$. We measure its metallicity, and find it to be more metal rich than And XIX, implying that the two features are unrelated. Finally, And XIX’s dynamical and structural properties imply it is a local analogue to ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs). Its complex dynamics suggest that the masses of distant UDGs measured from velocity dispersions alone should be carefully interpreted.
Superdiffusive stochastic Fermi acceleration in space and energy
Authors: Sioulas N , Isliker H , Vlahos L , Koumtzis A , Pisokas Th 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe analyse the transport properties of charged particles (ions and electrons) interacting with randomly formed magnetic scatterers (e.g. large-scale local ‘magnetic fluctuations’ or ‘coherent magnetic irregularities’ usually present in strongly turbulent plasmas), using the energization processes proposed initially by Fermi in 1949. The scatterers are formed by large-scale local fluctuations (δB/B ≈ 1) and are randomly distributed inside the unstable magnetic topology. We construct a 3D grid on which a small fraction of randomly chosen grid points are acting as scatterers. In particular, we study how a large number of test particles are accelerated and transported inside a collection of scatterers in a finite volume. Our main results are: (1) The spatial mean-square displacement &lt;(Δr)2 &gt; inside the stochastic Fermi accelerator is superdiffusive, $\lt (\Delta r)^2\gt \sim t^{a_{r}},$ with ar ∼ 1.2–1.6, for the high-energy electrons with kinetic energy (W) larger than 1 MeV, and it is normal (ar = 1) for the heated low-energy (W &lt; 10 keV) electrons. (2) The transport properties of the high-energy particles are closely related with the mean-free path that the particles travel in-between the scatterers (λsc). The smaller λsc is, the faster the electrons and ions escape from the acceleration volume. (3) The mean displacement in energy $\lt \Delta W\gt \sim t^{a_{W}}$ is strongly enhanced inside the acceleration volume (aW = 1.5–2.5) for the high-energy particles compared to the thermal low-energy particles (aW = 0.4), i.e. high-energy particles undergo an enhanced systematic gain in energy. (4) The mean-square displacement in energy &lt;W2 &gt; is superdiffusive for the high-energy particles and normal for the low-energy, heated particles.
High-resolution EPR distance measurements on RNA and DNA with the non-covalent Ǵ spin label
Authors: Heinz Marcel , Erlenbach Nicole , Stelzl Lukas S , Thierolf Grace , Kamble Nilesh R , Sigurdsson Snorri Th , Prisner Thomas F , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, among them most prominently pulsed electron-electron double resonance experiments (PELDOR/DEER), resolve the conformational dynamics of nucleic acids with high resolution. The wide application of these powerful experiments is limited by the synthetic complexity of some of the best-performing spin labels. The recently developed $\bf\acute{G}$ (G-spin) label, an isoindoline-nitroxide derivative of guanine, can be incorporated non-covalently into DNA and RNA duplexes via Watson-Crick base pairing in an abasic site. We used PELDOR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize $\bf\acute{G}$, obtaining excellent agreement between experiments and time traces calculated from MD simulations of RNA and DNA double helices with explicitly modeled $\bf\acute{G}$ bound in two abasic sites. The MD simulations reveal stable hydrogen bonds between the spin labels and the paired cytosines. The abasic sites do not significantly perturb the helical structure. $\bf\acute{G}$ remains rigidly bound to helical RNA and DNA. The distance distributions between the two bound $\bf\acute{G}$ labels are not substantially broadened by spin-label motions in the abasic site and agree well between experiment and MD. $\bf\acute{G}$ and similar non-covalently attached spin labels promise high-quality distance and orientation information, also of complexes of nucleic acids and proteins.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and new-onset chronic kidney disease in the general population: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease (PREVEND) study
Authors: De Jong Maarten A , Eisenga Michele F , van Ballegooijen Adriana J , Beulens Joline W J , Vervloet Marc G , Navis Gerjan , Gansevoort Ron T , Bakker Stephan J L , De Borst Martin H 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphate-regulating hormone that increases early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is associated with disease progression in patients with established CKD. Here we aimed to investigate the association between plasma FGF23 and new-onset CKD in the general population.MethodsWe included 5253 individuals without CKD who participated in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease study, a prospective, population-based cohort. Multi-variable Cox regression was used to study the association of plasma C-terminal FGF23 with new-onset CKD, defined as a combined endpoint of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/ 1.73 m2, urinary 24-h albumin excretion (UAE) &gt;30 mg/24 h or both, or with all-cause mortality.ResultsThe median baseline FGF23 was 68 [interquartile range (IQR) 56–85] RU/mL, eGFR was 95 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2 and UAE was 7.8 (IQR 5.8–11.5)  mg/24 h. After follow-up of 7.5 (IQR 7.2–8.0)  years, 586 participants developed CKD and 214 participants died. A higher FGF23 level was associated with new-onset CKD, independent of risk factors for kidney disease and parameters of bone and mineral homoeostasis {fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.44] per doubling of FGF23; P = 0.001}. In secondary analyses, FGF23 was independently associated with new-onset eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [adjusted HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.00–1.62); P = 0.048] or with UAE &gt;30 mg/24 h [adjusted HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.06–1.45); P = 0.01] individually. A higher FGF23 level was also associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality [fully adjusted HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.03–1.63); P = 0.03].ConclusionsHigh FGF23 levels are associated with an increased risk of new-onset CKD and all-cause mortality in this prospective population-based cohort, independent of established CKD risk factors.