bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory Validation of the Vidas SET2 Kit for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Milk Products
Authors: Hennekinne Jacques-Antoine , Ostyn Annick , Guillier Florence , Gohier Martine , Messio Sabine , Dragacci Sylviane , Krys Sophie , Lombard Bertrand , Bauer M C  C ,   Collaborators:, Alves P , Bauer M C , Blanco-Vidal C , Desfargues C , De Reu K , Eckner K , Economides C , Ferrini A M , Gaillard N , Genot P , Gornard S , Guiliani L , Hummerjohann J , In’t Velt P , Jacobs-Reistma W , Ladstatter J , Montourcy G , Pires-Gomes C , Pittet J L , Rola J , Rubert E , Srete-Lancz Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An earlier intralaboratory validation study based on the EN ISO 16140 Standard conducted by the Community Reference Laboratory for coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylocococcus aureus showed that, after an extraction step using dialysis concentration, the Vidas SET2 detection kit could be used to screen staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. In order to fully validate Vidas SET2, an interlaboratory study was organized. Six freeze-dried samples and 3 ready-to-use concentrated extracts were analyzed by 21 laboratories according to the method, including a detection with Vidas SET2. Results did not show false-positive or -negative results. Accordance and concordance parameters were equal to 100%, corresponding to a concordance odds ratio of 1. This interlaboratory study confirmed the satisfactory outcome of the preliminary tests and of the intralaboratory study performed previously. The Vidas SET2 detection kit can be used as a method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products as well as the Transia Plate SET detection kit in the European screening method for official control purposes, after an extraction step followed by dialysis concentration.
Chemical Fingerprinting of Hoodia Species and Related Genera: Chemical Analysis of Oxypregnane Glycosides Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection in Hoodia gordonii
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Wang Yan-Hong , Pawar Rahul S , Shukla Yatin J , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hoodia gordonii, family Asclepiadaceae, is a succulent plant and is traditionally used in southern Africa for its appetite-suppressant properties. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection for analysis of 11 oxypregnane glycosides from H. gordonii has been developed. The simultaneous analysis of 11 oxypregnane glycosides was achieved with a Phenomenex (Torrance, CA) reversed-phase C18 column using gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.025 trifluoroacetic acid. The developed method was applied to the identification of oxypregnane glycosides in 3 different species of Hoodia and 23 related genera. The HPLC profiles of various plant samples were compared for the presence of oxypregnane glycosides.
Validation of a Biacore Method for Screening Eight Sulfonamides in Milk and Porcine Muscle Tissues According to European Decision 2002/657/EC
Authors: Gaudin Valérie , Hédou Céline , Sanders Pascal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sulfonamides are commonly used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes in veterinary medicine. A maximum residue limit (MRL) for sulfonamides has been set at 100 g/kg in milk and muscle. A multisulfonamide antibody was used for the development of 2 different Biacore&lt;sup/&gt; protocols, one for the screening of milk samples, the other for muscle samples. Two different Biacore systems were used: Biacore X system (milk protocol), which is considered a research and development apparatus, and Biacore 3000 system (muscle protocol), which is a completely automated system used for high-throughput screening. This report describes the validation of semiquantitative immunological methods according to the European Decision 2002/657/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods. The different performance characteristics (detection capability CC, specificity/selectivity, precision, stability, and applicability) were determined in relation to the European Union MRL of 100 g/kg for sulfonamides. The applicability of the method to porcine, bovine, and poultry muscle was studied. The detection capabilities CC were calculated to be 40 g/L in milk and 60 g/kg in porcine, bovine, and poultry muscles. Eight different sulfonamides, of which 3 (sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfadiazine) are authorized in France, were detected simultaneously, at or below the MRL level, with both Biacore systems.
Stability-Indicating Polarographic Determination of Acyclovir Through Chelation with Nickel(II)
Authors: Sheribah Zeinab A , El-Brashy Amina M , El-Gamal Rania M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A simple and sensitive, stability-indicating polarographic method was developed for the determination of acyclovir (ACV) in raw materials and dosage forms. The proposed method relies on the chelation of ACV with nickel(II) in Britton Robinson buffer (pH 5) and measuring the resulting polarographic wave either in the direct current (DCt) or differential pulse (DPP) modes. The polarographic wave has been characterized as being catalytic reduction prewave. Different experimental parameters affecting the formation of the NiACV chelate and its polarographic activity were studied and optimized. The current concentration relationship was found to be linear over the range of 0.88 and 18 g/mL, with minimum detectabilities of 0.10 and 0.19 g/mL using DPP and DCt modes, respectively. The method was used to investigate the kinetics of the acid-induced degradation of the drug. The apparent first-order rate constants and half-life times were calculated.
Determination of Allergenic Egg Proteins in Food by Protein-, Mass Spectrometry-, and DNA-Based Methods
Authors: Lee Ji-Yun , Kim Chang Jong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in both adults and children, and foods including eggs and their byproducts should be declared under food allergen labeling policies in industrial countries. Therefore, to develop and validate a sensitive and specific method to detect hidden egg allergens in foods, we compared immunochemical, DNA-based, and proteomic methods for detecting egg allergens in foods using egg allergen standards such as egg whole protein, egg white protein, egg yolk protein, ovomucoid, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme, and -livetin. Protein-based immunochemical methods, including ELISA as an initial screening quantitative analysis and immunoblotting as a final confirmatory qualitative analysis, were very sensitive and specific in detecting potentially allergenic egg residues in processed foods in trace amounts. In contrast, the proteomics-based, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS and LC-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight MS methods were not able to detect some egg allergens, such as ovomucoid, because of its nondenaturing property under urea and trypsin. The DNA-based PCR method could not distinguish between egg and chicken meat because it is tissue-nonspecific. In further studies for the feasibility of these immunochemical methods on 100 real raw dietary samples, four food samples without listed egg ingredients produced a positive response by ELISA, but exhibited negative results by immunoblotting.
Analysis of Quinapril by Two Solvent-Saving Methods: Application of Capillary Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Absorbance Detection and LDI-TOF-MS
Authors: Lu Chi-Yu , Wang Yi-Rou , Chen Su-Hwei , Feng Chia-Hsien 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A capillary column high-performance liquid chromatography (CapLC) method and a laser desorption ionization-time of flight (LDI-TOF)-MS method are described for the determination of quinapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Effective separation was achieved by using a C18 capillary column at a flow rate of 10 L/min. For CapLC, quinapril and 7-hydroxycoumarin (internal standard) were detected at 210 and 320 nm, respectively. Phenformin replaced 7-hydroxycoumarin as the internal standard for the LDI-TOF-MS method successfully developed to detect quinapril. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 1100 g/mL in these two methods. For high throughput purposes, the LDI-TOF-MS method was simpler and faster than the CapLC method. Both green methods were suitably validated and successfully applied to determine quinapril in commercial tablets.
Validation of a Method for the Determination of Chloramphenicol in Poultry and Swine Liver by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xia Xi , Li Xiaowei , Ding Shuangyang , Shen Jianzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A sensitive and reliable method has been developed and validated for the determination of chloramphenicol in poultry and swine liver using SPE and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS/MS. The liver samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, defatted with n-hexane, and further cleaned up using SPE cartridges with polymeric sorbent. An Acquity BEH C18 column was used for gradient UPLC separation, with water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for two precursor-product ion transitions for chloramphenicol and one for the internal standard. The method was validated at 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µg/kg. Mean recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 95.5 to 106.7% with an RSD of 12.2%. The method LOD was &lt;0.02 µg/kg.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Albuterol, Budesonide, and Ipratropium Bromide in Compounded Nebulizer Solutions
Authors: Blewett Anthony J , Varma Deepti , Gilles Tiffany , Butcher Rashidi , Jacob Jaini , Amazan Jean , Jansen Susan A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a large increase in the use of pharmaceutical compounding to prepare medications that are not commercially available. The treatment of asthma typically includes the use of albuterol (ALB), ipratropium bromide (IPB), and/or budesonide (BUD) nebulizer solutions. There is currently no commercially available nebulizer solution containing all three of these compounds, and patients must rely on often-unregulated compounding. There is a distinct need for methodologies that can be used to analyze compounded formulations to ensure patient safety. We report an HPLC-UV method to separate and quantitate ALB, IPB, and BUD in nebulizer solutions. The method used a gradient elution to achieve separation via an RP C18 column. The method was validated, showed good selectivity, and was linear over several orders of magnitude. The method was applied to the analysis of nebulizer solutions and determination of their storage stability. Significant ALB-dependent degradation occurred within 5 h in solutions formulated with the free base of ALB, while those containing the sulfate salt of ALB produced no degradation. Alkali solutions can cause base-catalyzed hydrolysis of IPB and degradation of BUD. Compounded formulations containing ALB need to include an acid to control pH and prevent degradation.
A Non-targeted Approach to Chemical Discrimination Between Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Green Tea Leaves by HPLC/MS
Authors: Sun Jianghao , Chen Pei , Lin Long-Ze , Harnly James M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Green tea-based dietary supplements (GTDSs) have gained popularity in the U.S. market in recent years. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition difference of GTDS in comparison with green tea leaves using an HPLC/MS fingerprinting technique coupled with chemometric analysis. Five components that are most responsible for class separation among samples were identified as (-) epicatechin gallate, strictinin, trigalloylglucose, quercetin-3-O-glucosylrhamnosylglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-galactosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, according to the accurate mass measurements and MS/MS data. The similarity coefficients between the GTDSs in solid form with green tea were 0.55 to 0.91, while for the GTDSs in liquid form they were 0.12 to 0.89, which suggested that chemical composition variance across the GTDSs was significant. Flavonol aglycone concentrations were higher in GTDSs than in tea leaves, indicating the degradation of flavonol glycosides or the oxidation of catechin during the manufacturing and storage processes. In some GTDS samples, compounds were identified that were on the label. The results demonstrate the urgency of QC for GTDS products.
159 Relationships among circulating prolactin concentrations, hair coat score, and weights of grazing cows
Authors: Davis Erin , Cauble Reagan , Powell Jeremy G , Lester Toby D , Gragg Walker , Kutz Bryan , Rosenkrans Charles 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic protein hormone synthesized and released from the anterior pituitary. Concentrations of PRL can serve as a biomarker of cattle exposure to ergot alkaloids. Our objective was to determine relationships among prolactin concentrations, hair coat score, and body weights of non-lactating crossbred beef cows (n = 71). Cows were weighed, hair coat scored (1 = 100% shed, and 5 = 0% shed), and blood samples collected in May, June, and July. Cows were grazing mixed grass pastures that included native endophyte-infected tall fescue. Serum PRL concentrations were determined by validated RIA. Based on May samples, cows were categorized as high (n = 11; 159 ± 29 ng/mL PRL), medium (n = 48; 51 ± 4 ng/mL PRL), or low (n = 12; 21 ± 4 ng/ mL PRL). Data were analyzed with Pearson correlations, and repeated measures ANOVA with month and prolactin category (PRLCAT) as main effects. Concentrations of PRL were correlated (r &gt; 0.53; P &lt; 0.0001) over the three months, and May PRL concentrations were correlated (r &gt; 0.29; P &lt; 0.02) with cow body weights in May, June, and July. Cows in the low PRLCAT had lower (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations of PRL in all three months. Hair coat score decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) each month (4.3, 2.7, and 1.3; respectively, May, June, July), and was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for cows with low PRLCAT (3.3 vs. 2.7 and 2.4 for low, medium, and high, respectively). Cow body weight increased (P &lt; 0.0001) from May to July. Cows in the low PRLCAT had lower (P &lt; 0.05) body weights than medium and high PRLCAT cows (484 vs. 555, and 575 kg; respectively). Concentrations of PRL in May could be useful in identifying cattle with slick hair coats and heavier body weights.
161 Impact of insoluble dietary fiber on the efficacy of the phytase enzyme in nursery pigs
Authors: Acosta Jesus A , Patience John F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of insoluble fiber on the efficacy of phytase in nursery pig diets. A total of 480 weaned pigs (BW 5.48 ± 0.14 kg; L337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 48 pens. A common nutrient-adequate diet was fed from d 0–9. From d9-14, 2 phosphorus [P] deficient basal diets were fed: a low fiber [LF] corn-soybean meal diet (neutral detergent fiber [NDF]=7.5%; standardized total tract digestible [STTD] P = 0.16%) or a higher fiber [HF] corn-soybean meal plus 20% corn bran diet (NDF=15.2%; STTD P = 0.14%). From d 15–35, pigs received 8 dietary treatments (6 pens per treatment): 4 increasing levels of added phytase (0, 109, 218, and 327 phytase units [FTU]/kg; Quantum-Blue-5G, AB-Vista, Wiltshire, UK) applied to either the LF or HF basal diets. Titanium dioxide served as a digestibility marker. Fecal samples were collected on d 32–34. On d 35, one pig per pen was euthanized and fibulas harvested for bone ash assay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. There were no interactions between fiber and phytase (P &gt; 0.100). Adding phytase increased ADG (0.268, 0.282, 0.291, 0.306 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001) and G:F (0.52, 0.55, 0.56, 0.58; P &lt; 0.001) for the 4 increasing phytase levels, respectively. Fiber decreased ADG (0.282 vs 0.291 kg/d; P = 0.033) and tended to decrease G:F (0.54 vs 0.56; P = 0.097). There were no effects of phytase or fiber on ADFI (P &gt; 0.100). Phytase increased bone ash (P = 0.005), but there was no effect of fiber (P = 0.949). Phytase did not affect the ATTD of DM, NDF, or ADF (P &gt; 0.100) while fiber decreased the ATTD of DM, NDF and ADF (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, increasing insoluble fiber did not affect the ability of phytase to improve growth performance and bone mineralization when pigs were fed a P deficient diet.
The Case Against the Doctors: Gender, Authority, and Critical Science Writing in the 1960s
Authors: O’Donnell Kelly 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the 1960s, widespread popular-cultural deference to the authority of science and medicine in the United States began to wane as a generation of journalists and activists reevaluated and criticized researchers and physicians. This article uses the career of feminist journalist Barbara Seaman to show the role that the emerging genre of critical science writing played in this broader cultural shift. First writing from her position as a mother, then as the wife of a physician, and finally as a credentialed science writer, Seaman advanced through distinct categories of journalistic authority throughout the 1960s. An investigation of Seaman’s early years in the profession also vividly demonstrates the roles that gender and professional expertise played in both constricting and permitting new forms of critique during this era.
Fluorescence characterization and microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter leached from salt marsh plants in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhang Tao , Feng Zhihua , Luo Chunle , Sun Yixin , Li Jinzhen , Xu Juntian , Wang Xuchen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Salt marsh vegetation is an important contributor of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to coastal waters. The dynamics of DOM leaching from different marsh plants, however, have not been well studied or compared.

Methods
In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the processes of DOM leaching from three common marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa and Aeluropus littoralis) collected from the Yellow River Delta (YRD) salt marsh in October 2016. The YRD is one of the largest and most well-protected coastal ecosystems on the east coast of China.

Important Findings
We found that the plant leaves released DOM at much higher concentrations than the plant roots or stems, as measured by the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN). On average, 15% of the biomass C and 30% of the biomass N were released from the plant leaves as DOC and DN during the 27-day incubation period. The DOM released from the plants was very labile, and 92.4%–98.1% of the DOC and 88.0%–94.6% of the DN released from the plants were consumed by bacteria during the 27-day incubation period. The fluorescence characteristics of the plant-released DOM indicated that chromophoric dissolved organic matter was a major fraction of the DOM and that protein-like components were the primary organic fractions released from the plants. Bacterial degradation altered both the fluorescence properties and the chemical composition of the DOM. The results of the laboratory experiments were well supported by the field investigation, which indicated that a large amount of DOM was outwelled from the YRD salt marshes in late autumn. Our study suggests that the DOM released from the biomass of salt marsh plants provides an important source of both DOC and DN for marsh and coastal waters. The highly labile DOC and DN provide essential food sources to support microbial communities in the YRD salt marsh and adjacent coastal waters.
COVID-19 Case and Contact Investigation in an Office Workspace
Authors: Hall Matthew T , Bui Han Q , Rowe John , Do Tai A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This investigation report describes a case of COVID-19 in a combined military and civilian office workspace and the contact investigation and mitigation efforts that followed. This office space included an embedded public health officer who was able to conduct the contact investigation and advise on the outbreak response. Over a 3-day period, the index case unintentionally exposed 150 coworkers to SARS-CoV-2 through participation in carpools, conferences, and small meetings. Of these exposures 37 were considered medium risk at the time and 113 were considered low risk. A total of 5 contacts reported COVID-like-symptoms at the time of the investigation and another 5 developed symptoms during the 14-day quarantine period and all were directed to self-isolate. None of the contacts required hospitalization and all the symptomatic contacts tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. With the advice and aid of the embedded public health officer, the office authorized telework, conducted thorough cleaning of spaces, distributed informative messaging, conducted virtual question-and-answer forums, and evaluated outbreak policies. This report demonstrates that the close integration of public health and office management can lead to rapid identification of those at risk of infection and implementation of mitigation and control efforts to stop the spread of disease.
High contrast at small separation – II. Impact on the dark hole of a realistic optical set-up with two deformable mirrors
Authors: Beaulieu M , Martinez P , Abe L , Gouvret C , Baudoz P , Galicher R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Future large space- or ground-based telescopes will offer the resolution and sensitivity to probe the habitable zone of a large sample of nearby stars for exo-Earth imaging. To this end, such facilities are expected to be equipped with a high-contrast instrument to efficiently suppress the light from an observed star to image these close-in companions. These observatories will include features such as segmented primary mirrors, secondary mirrors, and struts, leading to diffraction effects on the star image that will limit the instrument contrast. To overcome these constraints, a promising method consists in combining coronagraphy and wavefront shaping to reduce starlight at small separations and generate a dark region within the image to enhance the exoplanet signal. We aim to study the limitations of this combination when observing short-orbit planets. Our analysis is focused on SPEED, the Nice test bed with coronagraphy, wavefront shaping with deformable mirrors (DMs), and complex telescope aperture shape to determine the main realistic parameters that limit contrast at small separations. We develop an end-to-end simulator of this bench with Fresnel propagation effects to study the impact of large phase and amplitude errors from the test-bed optical components and defects from the wavefront shaping system on the final image contrast. We numerically show that the DM finite stroke and non-functional actuators, coronagraph manufacturing errors, and near-focal-plane phase errors represent the major limitations for high-contrast imaging of exoplanets at small separations. We also show that a carefully defined optical set-up opens the path to high contrast at small separation.