bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing policy‐making in the local climate governance landscape: The role of network administrative organizations and member cities
Authors: Nguyen Long Le Anh , Krause Rachel M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrans‐municipal networks (TMNs) have reshaped the landscape around local government action on global climate policy. Past research has focused on why cities join TMNs and the impact that membership has on local action. This study considers a potential reverse effect: namely, that cities' membership choices position them to influence TMNs' overall priorities. In considering this, we emphasize the role of network administrative organizations (NAOs) and posit that the multiple climate‐related networks, which share members and operate in overlapping geographic and issue spaces, are bound together as part of a meta‐network. We utilize social network analysis and data on membership in four climate‐related TMNs to examine the factors that shape how cities can influence meta‐network priorities. We find that cities with local vulnerabilities tend to be located in network positions that enable them to influence the meta‐network's overall priorities.
Transient childhood wheeze is associated with less atopy in adolescence
Authors: Lodge Caroline Jane , Lowe Adrian John , Abramson Michael John , Svanes Cecilie , Zaloumis Sophie G. , Thomas Paul S. , Dharmage Shyamali Chandrika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationships between childhood wheeze phenotypes and subsequent allergic conditions other than asthma, including hay fever, eczema and sensitization, have not been widely reported. We aimed to investigate this relationship up to late adolescence.MethodsUsing five childhood wheeze phenotypes defined from 620 children in a high‐atopy risk birth cohort (Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study), we investigated their relationships with sensitization, eczema, hay fever and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) at ages 12 and/or 18 years using logistic and linear regression models.Results‘Early Persistent wheeze’ was associated with the increased risk of eczema (odds ratio: 3.69; 95% CI: 1.23, 11.12) and sensitization (4.52; 1.50, 13.64) at 12 years. ‘Intermediate Onset wheeze’ was associated with the increased risk of eczema at 12 years (2.57; 1.11, 5.97), hay fever at 12 (2.87; 1.44, 5.74) and 18 years (2.19; 1.20, 4.02), sensitization at 12 (2.25; 1.17, 4.34) and 18 years (2.46; 1.18, 5.12), and raised FeNO at 18 years. ‘Late Onset wheeze’ was associated with the increased risk of hay fever at 12 (5.18; 1.11, 24.20) and 18 years (4.20; 1.03, 17.11) and sensitization at 12 years (3.27; 0.81, 13.27). In contrast, ‘Early Transient wheeze’ was associated with the reduced risk of eczema (0.44; 0.20, 0.96), hay fever (0.57; 0.33, 0.99) and sensitization (0.59; 0.35, 0.99) at 18 years and a lower FeNO compared with ‘Never/Infrequent wheezers’.ConclusionsPersistent wheeze phenotypes were associated with allergic outcomes up to 18 years with ‘Intermediate Onset wheeze’ being the most atopic group. In contrast, ‘Early Transient wheezers’ had less risk of allergic outcomes at 18 years. This protective effect may reassure parents of wheezy infants and young children.
Novel insights regarding anaphylaxis in children ‐ With a focus on prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Nagakura Ken‐Ichi , Sato Sakura , Asaumi Tomoyuki , Yanagida Noriyuki , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and causes a life‐threatening response involving the whole body. This reaction often leads to difficulty in breathing and can result in death. The estimated prevalence of anaphylaxis is 0.05%–2%, which is reported to be increasing in children. Although drugs and venom are the most common causes of anaphylaxis in adults, food is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in children. An interesting association between food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) and oral immunotherapy (OIT) has recently been reported. A provocation test to determine the diagnostic and augmenting factors of FDEIA has been reported in recent years. Remarkably, several articles showed allergic symptoms without exercise in children with FDEIA and in those with FDEIA development after OIT. Regarding OIT, full‐dose OIT poses a risk of adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. Recent trials have shown the efficacy and safety of low‐dose OIT in patients with food‐induced anaphylaxis. In this review, we summarized the novel insights regarding anaphylaxis in the pediatric population.
Variation in RNA‐editing sites of chloroplast protein‐coding genes in early‐maturity mutant induced by carbon‐ion beam in Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Li Wenjian , Lu Dong , Li Jiangang , Qu Ying , Jin Wenjie , Dong Xicun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing prediction and experimental determination, we compared the RNA‐editing sites in chloroplast protein‐coding genes in an early‐maturity mutant (KFJT‐1) induced by carbon‐ion beam irradiation in sweet sorghum and its wild type (KFJT‐CK). Twenty‐two and 20 editing sites were identified in the KFJT‐CK and KFJT‐1 chloroplast, respectively, and the differential editing sites between KFJT‐CK and KFJT‐1 were mainly in mat, ndh and rpo genes. Furthermore, mutations in RNA‐editing sites in KFJT‐1 affected the structure of the encoded protein, which implying that RNA‐editing events might influence the function of essential genes. Finally, a comparative analysis of the RNA‐editing events between KFJT‐1 and other 10 Poaceae species revealed that the RNA‐editing sites in matK‐1002, rpoC1‐1163 and rpoC2‐242 were unique to KFJT‐1. This suggested that RNA‐editing events due to carbon‐ion beam irradiation affected the structure of the encode proteins, thereby influenced their biological functions. This study is the first to report on the variation in chloroplast RNA‐editing patterns induced by carbon‐ion beams irradiation, and its effect on the chloroplast in KFJT‐1 at the post‐transcriptional level.
Identification of novel seed longevity genes related to oxidative stress and seed coat by genome‐wide association studies and reverse genetics
Authors: Renard Joan , Niñoles Regina , Martínez‐Almonacid Irene , Gayubas Beatriz , Mateos‐Fernández Rubén , Bissoli Gaetano , Bueso Eduardo , Serrano Ramón , Gadea José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeed longevity is a polygenic trait of relevance for agriculture and for understanding the effect of environment on the ageing of biological systems. In order to identify novel longevity genes, we have phenotyped the natural variation of 270 ecotypes of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, for natural ageing and for three accelerated ageing methods. Genome‐wide analysis, using publicly available single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data sets, identified multiple genomic regions associated with variation in seed longevity. Reverse genetics of 20 candidate genes in Columbia ecotype resulted in seven genes positive for seed longevity (PSAD1, SSLEA, SSTPR, DHAR1, CYP86A8, MYB47 and SPCH) and five negative ones (RBOHD, RBOHE, RBOHF, KNAT7 and SEP3). In this uniform genetic background, natural and accelerated ageing methods provided similar results for seed‐longevity in knock‐out mutants. The NADPH oxidases (RBOHs), the dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR1) and the photosystem I subunit (PSAD1) highlight the important role of oxidative stress on seed ageing. The cytochrome P‐450 hydroxylase, CYP86A8, and the transcription factors, MYB47, KNAT7 and SEP3, support the protecting role of the seed coat during seed ageing.
Longitudinal evaluation of visual P300 amplitude in clinical high‐risk subjects: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Oribe Naoya , Hirano Yoji , del Re Elisabetta , Mesholam‐Gately Raquelle I. , Woodberry Kristen A. , Ueno Takefumi , Kanba Shigenobu , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Shenton Martha E. , Spencer Kevin M. , Niznikiewicz Margaret A. 
Published: June 2020

AimWe previously reported abnormal P300 and N200 in a visual oddball task, and progressive P300 amplitude reduction at 1‐year follow‐up in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia. P300 reduction as well as intact P1/N1 were also observed in clinical high‐risk subjects (CHR), but whether or not these components change over time is unknown. This study evaluates, longitudinally, the visual P300, as well as P1, N1, and N200, in CHR.MethodsVisual event‐related potentials (ERP) were recorded twice, once at baseline and once at 1‐year follow‐up in CHR (n = 19) and healthy comparison subjects (HC; n = 28). Participants silently counted infrequent target stimuli (‘x’) among standard stimuli (‘y’) presented on the screen while the 64‐channel electroencephalogram was recorded.ResultsNo CHR converted to psychosis from baseline to 1‐year follow‐up in this study. Visual P300 amplitude was reduced and the latency was delayed significantly in CHR at both time points compared with HC. Furthermore, CHR subjects who had more positive symptoms showed more amplitude reduction at both time points. P1, N1, and N200 did not differ between groups.ConclusionVisual P300 amplitude was found to be reduced in CHR individuals compared with HC. We note that this finding is in subjects who did not convert to psychosis at 1‐year follow‐up. The association between visual P300 amplitude and symptoms suggests that for CHR who often experience clinical symptoms and seek medical care, visual P300 may be an important index that reflects the pathophysiological impairment underlying such clinical states.
Sparse spectral and ‐finite element methods for partial differential equations on disk slices and trapeziums
Authors: Snowball Ben , Olver Sheehan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSparse spectral methods for solving partial differential equations have been derived in recent years using hierarchies of classical orthogonal polynomials on intervals, disks, and triangles. In this work, we extend this methodology to a hierarchy of nonclassical orthogonal polynomials on disk slices and trapeziums. This builds on the observation that sparsity is guaranteed due to the boundary being defined by an algebraic curve, and that the entries of partial differential operators can be determined using formulae in terms of (nonclassical) univariate orthogonal polynomials. We apply the framework to solving the Poisson, variable coefficient Helmholtz, and biharmonic equations. In this paper, we focus on constant Dirichlet boundary conditions, as well as zero Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, with other types of boundary conditions requiring future work.
Percutaneous microwave ablation of solitary presumptive pulmonary metastases in two dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Dornbusch Josephine A. , Wavreille Vincent A. , Dent Brian , Fuerst Jason A. , Green Eric M. , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of presumptive pulmonary metastases and the outcome of two dogs.AnimalsTwo dogs with pulmonary lesions after treatment of spontaneously occurring appendicular osteosarcoma.Study designPreliminary prospective clinical study.MethodsTwo large‐breed dogs were referred from tertiary veterinary hospitals 146 and 217 days after limb amputation to pursue MWA as an alternative therapy to metastasectomy. Both dogs had been receiving chemotherapy protocols at their respective referral centers.ResultsA novel percutaneous approach for MWA with ultrasonographic or computed tomographic (CT) guidance was successfully performed. The only complications consisted of pneumothoraxes, requiring treatment in one dog. In the weeks after their procedures, both dogs were reported to do well at home. Dog 1 died and dog 2 was euthanized 82 and 19 days, respectively, after their MWA of confirmed (dog 1) or presumed (dog 2) metastatic disease.ConclusionPercutaneous MWA of pulmonary nodules was technically feasible in two dogs without major complications.Clinical significancePercutaneous MWA may provide a minimally invasive option for treatment of osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases. Additional studies are required to evaluate the benefits of MWA on survival and confirm histologic cell death within pulmonary neoplastic lesions.
Course of scar quality of donor sites following split skin graft harvesting: Comparison between patients and observers
Authors: Legemate Catherine M. , Ooms Pauline J. , Trommel Nicole , Goei Harold , Lucas Ymke , Middelkoop Esther , van Baar Margriet E. , van der Vlies Cornelis H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere exists little to no data on the development of donor‐site scars that remain after split skin graft harvesting. The objectives of this study were to (a) examine changes in characteristics of donor‐site scar quality over time and (b) assess the agreement between patient‐reported and observer‐reported donor‐site scar quality in a burn population. A prospective cohort study was conducted including patients who underwent split skin grafting for their burn injury. Patients and observers completed the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) for the first harvested donor site at 3 and 12 months post‐surgery. This study included 80 patients with a median age of 34 years. At 3 months post‐surgery, the patients scored the POSAS items itch and color as most deviant from normal skin, both improved between 3 and 12 months (3.1 vs 1.5 and 5.0 vs 3.5, respectively [P < .001]). Other scar characteristics did not show significant change over time. The patients' overall opinion score improved from 3.9 to 3.2 (P < .001). Observers rated the items vascularization and pigmentation most severe, only vascularization improved significantly between both time points. Their overall opinion score decreased from 2.7 to 2.3 (P < .001). The inter‐observer agreement between patients and observers was considered poor (ICC < 0.4) at both time points. Results of current study indicate that observers underestimate the impact of donor‐site scars. This has to be kept in mind while guiding therapy and expectations.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II, prospective cohort study.
Corneal endothelium in paediatric patients with uveitis: a prospective
longitudinal study
Authors: Fung Simon Sheung Man , El Hamouly Ali , Sami Hamza , Jiandani Dishay , Williams Sara , Tehrani Nasrin , Mireskandari Kamiar , Ali Asim 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
To study the longitudinal effect of anterior chamber inflammation on the
corneal endothelium in children.

Methods
In this prospective longitudinal observational study, children (aged
<18 years) with anterior chamber inflammation and those at risk of
developing uveitis due to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were included.
Changes in central endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphological variables
were determined by non-contact specular microscopy, and their correlations with
uveitis activity and surgical interventions were analysed.

Results
Ninety-nine eyes of 99 children (mean age (±SD): 10.0±4.1 years) with a
history of anterior chamber inflammation were recruited. Mean follow-up was
12.3±3.5 months. Eleven children, who were under surveillance but had not
developed JIA-associated uveitis were included as controls. While there were no
significant differences in mean ECD between controls and subjects without prior
surgery (group 1) at all time points, those who had prior ophthalmic surgery
(group 2) displayed significantly lower ECD than the controls at recruitment
(p=0.002) and at follow-up (p=0.004). However, longitudinal ECD assessments did
not show significant changes in either group (group 1, p=0.07, group 2,
p=0.54). On regression analysis, once the patient’s age was adjusted for, only
the occurrence of intraocular procedures during the study (r=0.43, adjusted
p=0.03) was associated with a significant annual rate of ECD loss.

Conclusion
During the study period, longitudinal ECD changes among children with
uveitis were associated with intraocular surgery for uveitis-related
complications but not uveitis activity. By reducing the need for surgical
intervention, the corneal endothelium in these children may be
preserved.
Nuclear expression of BAP-1 in transvitreal incisional biopsies and subsequent
enucleation of eyes with posterior choroidal melanoma
Authors: Herrspiegel Christina , Kvanta Anders , Lardner Emma , Ramsköld Cabaca Louise , Wells Jill , Bartuma Katarina , Seregard Stefan , Stålhammar Gustav 
Published: June 2020

Background
As a majority of patients with choroidal melanoma do not undergo
enucleation, tumour tissue for prognostic testing has to be obtained with
alternate methods. Transvitreal incisional biopsies enable histological
examination as well as immunohistochemical staining of BRCA1-associated
protein-1 (BAP-1).

Methods
Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma in transvitreal
biopsies between years 2003 and 2019 were included. Twenty-one of these
patients subsequently underwent enucleation. The level of nuclear expression of
BAP-1 in transvitreal biopsies and enucleations was evaluated and the
concordance calculated. Metastasis-free survival and HR for metastasis were
analysed.

Results
The mean tumour thickness and diameter at biopsy was 3.8 mm (SD 2.1) and
9.3 mm (SD 4.8), respectively. For biopsies, 37 of 59 tumours (63%) were
classified as having high nuclear BAP-1 expression, and 22 (37%) as low. For
enucleations, 13 of 21 tumours (62%) were classified as having high nuclear
BAP-1 expression, and 8 (38%) as low. Eighty-six per cent of biopsies had an
identical BAP-1 classification as the subsequent enucleation, yielding a
Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.70. Patients with low nuclear BAP-1 expression
in transvitreal biopsies had a significantly shorter metastasis-free survival
(p=0.001), with a size-adjusted Cox regression HR for metastasis of 13.0 (95%
CI 3.1 to 54.4, p=0.0004).

Conclusion
Loss of nuclear BAP-1 expression occurred in a large proportion of the
small tumours included in this study. BAP-1 immunoreactivity in transvitreal
incisional biopsies of choroidal melanoma is substantially concordant with
immunoreactivity in enucleated specimens and identifies patients with poor
metastasis-free survival.
Better reporting standards are needed to enhance the quality of hop testing in the setting of ACL return to sport decisions: a narrative review
Authors: Read Paul , Mc Auliffe Sean , Wilson Mathew G , Myer Gregory D 
Published: June 2020

Background/aimThere is a lack of consistency in return to sport (RTS) assessments, in particular hop tests to predict who will sustain a reinjury following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Inconsistent test battery content and methodological heterogeneity might contribute to variable associations between hop test performance and subsequent injury. Our aim was to investigate whether commonly used hop tests are administered in a consistent manner and in accordance with reported guidelines.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of studies that examined whether hop testing could differentiate RTS pass rates, reinjury and rerupture in athletes after ACL reconstruction. Our specific focus was on the methodological procedures of hop testing as this component is widely used to evaluate patients’ function and readiness to RTS.Main findingsSubstantial variation exists in RTS hop test administration, scoring and interpretation. Authors often failed to report important details of methods such as warm up activities, randomisation, number of trials, rest periods and landing requirements.ConclusionWe recommend researchers provide clearer descriptions of how hop tests are performed to increase standardisation and promote accurate data collection. Absence of reporting to describe test methods and using different test procedures makes it difficult to compare study findings.
Which treatment is most effective for patients with Achilles tendinopathy? A living systematic review with network meta-analysis of 29 randomised controlled trials
Authors: van der Vlist Arco C , Winters Marinus , Weir Adam , Ardern Clare L , Welton Nicky J , Caldwell Deborah M , Verhaar Jan A N , de Vos Robert-Jan 
Published: June 2020

Objective
To provide a consistently updated overview of the comparative effectiveness of treatments for Achilles tendinopathy.

Design
Living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data sources
Multiple databases including grey literature sources were searched up to February 2019.

Study eligibility criteria
Randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of any treatment in patients with both insertional and/or midportion Achilles tendinopathy. We excluded trials with 10 or fewer participants per treatment arm or trials investigating tendon ruptures.

Data extraction and synthesis
Reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to appraise the certainty of evidence.

Primary outcome measure
The validated patient-reported Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire.

Results
29 trials investigating 42 different treatments were included. 22 trials (76%) were at high risk of bias and 7 (24%) had some concerns. Most trials included patients with midportion tendinopathy (86%). Any treatment class seemed superior to wait-and-see for midportion Achilles tendinopathy at 3 months (very low to low certainty of evidence). At 12 months, exercise therapy, exercise+injection therapy and exercise+night splint therapy were all comparable with injection therapy for midportion tendinopathy (very low to low certainty). No network meta-analysis could be performed for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

Summary/conclusion
In our living network meta-analysis no trials were at low risk of bias and there was large uncertainty in the comparative estimates. For midportion Achilles tendinopathy, wait-and-see is not recommended as all active treatments seemed superior at 3-month follow-up. There seems to be no clinically relevant difference in effectiveness between different active treatments at either 3-month or 12-month follow-up. As exercise therapy is easy to prescribe, can be of low cost and has few harms, clinicians could consider starting treatment with a calf-muscle exercise programme.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42018086467.
Association between young women’s physical and mental health and their method of contraception in a longitudinal, population-based study
Authors: Rowlands Ingrid J , Mishra Gita D , Lucke Jayne C 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundWomen’s physical and mental health are strongly inter-related and may influence patterns of contraceptive use. We examined the longitudinal associations between young women’s physical and mental health and method of contraceptive use over a 5-year period.MethodsData from 4952 young women (≤27 years) participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health who completed four self-reported surveys between 2013 and 2017 were analysed. Women’s contraceptive use was categorised as: contraceptive pill/oral contraceptives, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), condom, other methods and none. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the longitudinal associations between women’s physical and mental health and method of contraception.ResultsOver the 5-year period the percentage of pill users decreased from 60% (95% CI 58% to 61%) to 41% (95% CI 39% to 42%) and LARC users increased from 13% (95% CI 12% to 14%) to 21% (95% CI 20% to 22%) as did non-users from 9% (95% CI 8% to 9%) to 17% (95% CI 16% to 18%). Compared with women using the pill, women who used LARCs were more likely to be overweight (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.53) and obese (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.19), current smokers (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.71) and reported fair or poor general health (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.76) and very high levels of psychological distress (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.76). Similar results were also found among women who used condoms or no contraception.ConclusionsFindings suggest that obesity, smoking and poor physical and mental health play an important role in young women’s contraceptive use.