bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives in peat soil is affected by prehydration status: the role of SOM and sorbate properties
Authors: Schneckenburger Tatjana , Thiele-Bruhn Sören 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sorption of organic compounds to soil largely determines their mobility and bioavailability in ecosystems. It is well known that molecular properties of the organic sorbates affect the sorbed amounts and sorption kinetics. But also changes in the hydration status of soils alter the physicochemical and sorptive properties of soil organic matter (SOM), which is the main sorbent for organic compounds in soils. This study elucidates the effects of varying SOM prehydration status on sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives in peat soil.

Materials and methods
For sorption experiments, topsoil samples of a peat soil with 51% SOM were adjusted to water contents of 15, 30, and 50% (w/w based on dry soil mass) and conditioned for different water contact times of up to 2 years at one constant water content. Sorption kinetics and isotherms of naphthalene, three naphthalene derivatives, phenanthrene, and pyrene to these samples were investigated in batch experiments. Effects of the sorbates’ properties and SOM hydration on sorption were analyzed.

Results and discussion
Sorption to the peat soil was nonlinear and varied among sorbates and differently prehydrated soil samples. Sorbate polarizability, molecular volume, and weight increased the sorbed amount. Sorption kinetics were two-phased with a fast and a slow sorbing fraction. Hydroxyl groups in sorbates acting as H-donor or acceptor led to an increase of the slow sorbing fraction. Increasing total water contents, amounts of non-freezable water in SOM, increasing pore sizes, and decreasing hydrophobicity of SOM decreased the total sorbed amount and the fast sorbing fraction while increasing the slow sorbing fraction. The latter effects increased with increasing polarity and dipole moment of the sorbate. The SOM matrix rigidity varied with prehydration status; higher SOM matrix rigidity led to non-ideal sorption processes, namely, higher sorption nonlinearity and slower sorption.

Conclusions
The study revealed the effects and interplay of SOM prehydration status and molecular properties of the sorbates on sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives. As sorbed amounts may decrease and become non-ideal upon aging at the presence of water, estimations of the mobility of organic compounds in the environment need to consider SOM prehydration status in high organic soils.
Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons from the past two decades
Authors: Cai Zhengqing , Zhao Xiao , Duan Jun , Zhao Dongye , Dang Zhi , Lin Zhang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.
Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations
Authors: Gilsenan-Reed Caitlin , Higgins Geoff , Langlois Neil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeath due to respiratory infection is commonly encountered at autopsy. With only one opportunity to obtain samples for identification of a causative agent, it is important to ensure that sampling regimes are optimized to provide the greatest detection, without the expense and redundancy that can arise from over-sampling. This study was performed retrospectively using data from Coronial autopsies over the period 2012–2019 from which swabs from the nasopharyngeal region, trachea and lung parenchyma, in addition to samples of lung tissue, had been submitted for multiplex PCR detection of respiratory pathogens. From 97 cases with all four samples, there were 24 with at least one positive result for viral infection. Some cases had multiple positive results and a total of 27 respiratory tract viruses were identified, of which rhinovirus, influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Seventeen of the 27 viral infections (63%) were identified in all four samples. However, in nearly all cases (96%) the nasopharyngeal swab detected the infective agent when the multiplex PCR panel had detected infection in any of the four sample types. A nasopharyngeal swab is considered to be an optimal sample for detection of respiratory tract viral infection. As the samples analyzed were acquired before the appearance of the COVID-19 virus, the applicability of this finding for COVID-19 screening is not established.
The Curing Coma Campaign: Framing Initial Scientific Challenges—Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign Scientific Advisory Council Meeting
Authors: Provencio J. Javier , Hemphill J. Claude , Claassen Jan , Edlow Brian L. , Helbok Raimund , Vespa Paul M. , Diringer Michael N. , Polizzotto Len , Shutter Lori , Suarez Jose I. , Stevens Robert D. , Hanley Daniel F. , Akbari Yama , Bleck Thomas P. , Boly Melanie , Foreman Brandon , Giacino Joseph T. , Hartings Jed A. , Human Theresa , Kondziella Daniel , Ling Geoffrey S. F. , Mayer Stephan A. , McNett Molly , Menon David K. , Meyfroidt Geert , Monti Martin M. , Park Soojin , Pouratian Nader , Puybasset Louis , Rohaut Benjamin , Rosenthal Eric S. , Schiff Nicholas D. , Sharshar Tarek , Wagner Amy , Whyte John , Olson DaiWai M. ,   the Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma Campaign
Published: June 2020

AbstractComa and disordered consciousness are common manifestations of acute neurological conditions and are among the most pervasive and challenging aspects of treatment in neurocritical care. Gaps exist in patient assessment, outcome prognostication, and treatment directed specifically at improving consciousness and cognitive recovery. In 2019, the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) launched the Curing Coma Campaign in order to address the “grand challenge” of improving the management of patients with coma and decreased consciousness. One of the first steps was to bring together a Scientific Advisory Council including coma scientists, neurointensivists, neurorehabilitationists, and implementation experts in order to address the current scientific landscape and begin to develop a framework on how to move forward. This manuscript describes the proceedings of the first Curing Coma Campaign Scientific Advisory Council meeting which occurred in conjunction with the NCS Annual Meeting in October 2019 in Vancouver. Specifically, three major pillars were identified which should be considered: endotyping of coma and disorders of consciousness, biomarkers, and proof-of-concept clinical trials. Each is summarized with regard to current approach, benefits to the patient, family, and clinicians, and next steps. Integration of these three pillars will be essential to the success of the Curing Coma Campaign as will expanding the “curing coma community” to ensure broad participation of clinicians, scientists, and patient advocates with the goal of identifying and implementing treatments to fundamentally improve the outcome of patients.
Random noise reduction using SVD in the frequency domain
Authors: Liu Baotong , Liu Qiyuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe frequency spectrum of irregular interference noise has broad bandwidth and poor coherence.
But in the same prospecting area, the dominant frequency and bandwidth of effective signals are nearly the same (especially for post-stack section); that is to say, the frequency spectra of effective signals in seismic traces show a high degree of trace-to-trace correlation. Based on this conclusion, we present a novel denoising technique, which works by SVD filtering in the frequency domain. First, the input seismic data are transformed to the frequency domain via the Fourier transform. Then, the frequency spectra are decomposed into eigenimages by means of SVD. We perform the eigenimage filtering of the frequency spectra by selecting singular values to be used in the reconstruction, suppressing the random noise. Compared with the traditional band-pass filtering, the presented method is capable of attenuating the interference noise components within the range of frequency pass band and protects effective signals in high frequency. Tests on both synthetic and field seismic data show that our method can remove random noise and does no damage to effective signal. By comparison with the median filtering and the curvelet domain filtering, we concluded that the presented denoising method performs better in removing background noise and protecting reflection events.
Enhanced immunogenicity of leukemia-derived exosomes via transfection with lentiviral vectors encoding costimulatory molecules
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Huang Fang , Ning Liuxin , Hao Jun , Wan Jiangbo , Hao Siguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEXs) have been widely used to induce antitumor immune responses in animal models and clinical trials. Similarly, leukemia cell-derived exosomes (LEXs) can induce antileukemia immune responses in animal models. However, the antileukemia immunity induced by LEXs is less effective, which may be due to an inadequate costimulatory capacity.Methods: In this study, we transduced L1210 leukemia cells with a lentiviral vector encoding two B7 costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) and obtained LEXs that highly expressed CD80 and CD86. The antileukemia immune response derived from these LEXs was examined in vitro and in vivo in animal models.Results: We found that B7 gene-modified LEXs, including LEX-CD80, LEX-CD86, and LEX-8086, could significantly boost the expression of CD80 and CD86 in dendritic cells (DCs) and promote the secretion of functional cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-12. Moreover, these B7 gene-modified LEXs, particularly LEX-CD8086, could effectively induce CD4+T cell proliferation, Th1 cytokine secretion, and an antigen-specific anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Additional animal studies indicated that immunization with B7 gene-modified LEXs, in particular LEX-CD8086, could significantly retard tumor growth compared to the control LEXnull group.Conclusions:This study sheds light on the feasibility of obtaining LEXs that overexpress costimulatory molecules via genetically modified leukemia cells, thereby enhancing their anti-leukemia immunity and providing a potential therapeutic strategy that contributes to leukemia immunotherapy.
Politisierung durch Zwang?
Authors: Holderberg Per , Ballowitz Jan 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Reaktion auf sinkende Beteiligungsraten bei Wahlen besteht in der internationalen politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung ein anhaltender Diskurs zu den Wirkungsweisen der Einführung einer Wahlpflicht. Neben der durch eine Wahlpflicht induzierten Steigerung der Wahlbeteiligung und dem Rückgang der sozial-selektiven Beteiligungszusammenhänge werden förderliche Eigenschaften für die politische Bildung und Involvierung der Bürger angenommen („spill-over-Effekt“). Es wird eine Auswertung der Literatur zur Wahlpflicht vorgenommen, welche in Anlehnung an die Hypothesen von Arend Lijphart, zentrale Forschungsbefunde zu den Wirkungseffekten zweiter Ordnung der Wahlpflicht zusammenfasst. Der Diskurs zur Wahlpflicht erscheint sehr stark von theoretischen Abhandlungen geprägt und weist Forschungslücken in der Untersuchung der Wirkungseffekte einer Wahlpflicht auf. In der Abhandlung wird erstmals auf Basis eines großen Datensatzes (N = 2047) mit einem experimentellen Forschungsdesign einer dreiwelligen Online-Befragung untersucht, welche Auswirkungen die Einführung einer gesetzlichen Wahlpflicht in Deutschland auf das Informationsverhalten, das politische Engagement und das politische Interesse hat. Mit Ausnahme des Bereichs der Mediennutzung, zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Annahmen des spill-over-Effekt nicht bestätigt werden können. Die Einführung einer Wahlpflicht würde folglich zu keiner signifikanten Erhöhung des politischen Interesses, des politischen Wissens, der politischen Informiertheit oder des politischen Engagements führen.
Eight practices for data management to enable team data science
Authors: McDavid Andrew , Corbett Anthony M. , Dutra Jennifer L. , Straw Andrew G. , Topham David J. , Pryhuber Gloria S. , Caserta Mary T. , Gill Steven R. , Scheible Kristin M. , Holden-Wiltse Jeanne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
In clinical and translational research, data science is often and fortuitously integrated with data collection. This contrasts to the typical position of data scientists in other settings, where they are isolated from data collectors. Because of this, effective use of data science techniques to resolve translational questions requires innovation in the organization and management of these data.

Methods:
We propose an operational framework that respects this important difference in how research teams are organized. To maximize the accuracy and speed of the clinical and translational data science enterprise under this framework, we define a set of eight best practices for data management.

Results:
In our own work at the University of Rochester, we have strived to utilize these practices in a customized version of the open source LabKey platform for integrated data management and collaboration. We have applied this platform to cohorts that longitudinally track multidomain data from over 3000 subjects.

Conclusions:
We argue that this has made analytical datasets more readily available and lowered the bar to interdisciplinary collaboration, enabling a team-based data science that is unique to the clinical and translational setting.
Prioritizing Communication About Radiation Risk Reduction in the United States: Results from a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Rennie W. , Barnett Daniel J. , Kennedy Ryan David , Sell Tara Kirk , Wieder Jessica S. , Spannhake Ernst W. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The lack of radiation knowledge among the general public continues to be a challenge for building communities prepared for radiological emergencies. This study applied a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to the results of an expert survey to identify priority risk reduction messages and challenges to increasing community radiological emergency preparedness.Methods:Professionals with expertise in radiological emergency preparedness, state/local health and emergency management officials, and journalists/journalism academics were surveyed following a purposive sampling methodology. An MCDA was used to weight criteria of importance in a radiological emergency, and the weighted criteria were applied to topics such as sheltering-in-place, decontamination, and use of potassium iodide. Results were reviewed by respondent group and in aggregate.Results:Sheltering-in-place and evacuation plans were identified as the most important risk reduction measures to communicate to the public. Possible communication challenges during a radiological emergency included access to accurate information; low levels of public trust; public knowledge about radiation; and communications infrastructure failures.Conclusions:Future assessments for community readiness for a radiological emergency should include questions about sheltering-in-place and evacuation plans to inform risk communication.
The “New:” A Colonization of Non-Modern Scholars and Knowledges
Authors: Cherniak Shara , Walker Ashli Moore 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe engage in an affirmative feminist reading of the recent, predominantly Western, philosophical movement called the new materialisms—that is, we problematize the “new” while still valuing its contributions toward justice (Todd 2016; Schaeffer 2018). We put Sara Ahmed in conversation with María Lugones and Zoe Todd in order to recognize that not only have feminist scholars engaged in conversations around the material before publications of the “new” (Ahmed 2008; Lugones 2010; Todd 2016), but we also argue that the “new” creates a coloniality of non-modern knowledges that think and live some of the so-called groundbreaking ideas of the “new.” The new materialisms, then, function systematically to deny and silence the multiple and varied ways in which the concepts it engages have a prolonged and deep scholarship of theorization in both feminisms and non-modern knowledges. The significance of this, we contend, is not merely a question of semantics as (some) authors of the “new” purport—language matters. That is, language materializes the world; it affects. In engendering this philosophy as “new,” it acts, in effect, as a colonization that reinforces harmful and violent discourses of white, neoliberal, colonial capitalism (Lugones 2010) that some feminist theories seek to dismantle.
Social Movements and the National Question in Quebec: The Institutional Legacy of a Cleavage
Authors: Dufour Pascale , Bergeron-Gaudin Jean-Vincent , Chicoine Luc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBy taking a historical perspective on the higher education and the housing sectors in Quebec, we demonstrate how the political cleavage around the national question has had long-term effects on the dynamic of contention in these two sectors. At a general level, the presence of this cleavage has favoured the adoption of institutional arrangements related to funding that have allowed the reproduction of social protest over time. Nevertheless, the institutional arrangements vary from one sector to another: in the case of higher education, Bill 32, adopted in 1983, facilitated the division of the student movement into two branches and, to some extent, its dynamism; in the case of housing, the AccèsLogis program and thecontribution au secteur, implemented in 1997, ensured the selection of claims for social housing and favoured the grouping that leads this issue. In both cases, the national question is at the heart of the process that led to the adoption of these policies.
DISTAL ACTIONS OF AUTOMORPHISMS OF NILPOTENT GROUPS G ON SUBG AND APPLICATIONS TO LATTICES IN LIE GROUPS
Authors: PALIT RAJDIP , SHAH RIDDHI 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor a locally compact group G, we study the distality of the action of automorphisms T of G on SubG, the compact space of closed subgroups of G endowed with the Chabauty topology. For a certain class of discrete groups G, we show that T acts distally on SubG if and only if Tn is the identity map for some
$n\in\mathbb N$
. As an application, we get that for a T-invariant lattice Γ in a simply connected nilpotent Lie group G, T acts distally on SubG if and only if it acts distally on SubΓ. This also holds for any closed T-invariant co-compact subgroup Γ in G. For a lattice Γ in a simply connected solvable Lie group, we study conditions under which its automorphisms act distally on SubΓ. We construct an example highlighting the difference between the behaviour of automorphisms on a lattice in a solvable Lie group and that in a nilpotent Lie group. We also characterise automorphisms of a lattice Γ in a connected semisimple Lie group which act distally on SubΓ. For torsion-free compactly generated nilpotent (metrisable) groups G, we obtain the following characterisation: T acts distally on SubG if and only if T is contained in a compact subgroup of Aut(G). Using these results, we characterise the class of such groups G which act distally on SubG. We also show that any compactly generated distal group G is Lie projective.
Histopathology of lesions caused byPseudocorynosoma constrictum(Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in the ileum of blue-winged teal
Authors: Caballero-Viñas C. , Sánchez-Nava P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPseudocorynosoma constrictum(Van Cleave, 1918) is a polymorphid acanthocephalan that attaches to the digestive tract of waterfowl to complete its life cycle, causing severe histological damage to its definitive avian hosts. In the present study, we present a histopathological analysis of the lesions thatP. constrictuminduced in the layers of the ileum of the blue-winged tealAnas discors. The results revealed that worms insert the attachment structures into the inner gut muscular layer, which causes substantial swelling, haemorrhaging and necrosis in the tissue near the parasite's proboscis. We also observed that the number of parasites attached to the tissue can obstruct the intestinal lumen; in the most serious case, we observed more than 30 parasites penetrating completely the walls of the bird intestine.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in post-laryngectomy patients: case series of four patients
Authors: Coleman H , Sutherland J , Calder N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report our experience of diagnosis, investigation and management in patients who had undergone laryngectomy secondary to previous squamous cell carcinoma, who were subsequently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Case reportsFour post-laryngectomy patients with laboratory-proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection were admitted to our institution from 1 March to 1 May 2020. All patients displayed symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 and underwent investigations, including swab and serum sampling, and chest X-ray where indicated. All were managed conservatively on dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 wards and were discharged without the requirement of higher level care.ConclusionIt is hypothesised that laryngectomy may offer a protective effect against severe or critical disease in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. We hope sharing our experience will aid all practitioners in the management of this, often intimidating, cohort of patients.