bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coset construction for non-equilibrium systems
Authors: Landry Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose a systematic coset construction of non-equilibrium effective field theories (EFTs) governing the long-distance and late-time dynamics of relativistic, finite-temperature condensed matter systems. Our non-equilibrium coset construction makes significant advances beyond more standard coset constructions in that it takes advantage of recently-developed techniques, which allow the formulation of non-equilibrium effective actions that account for quantum and thermal fluctuations as well as dissipation. Because these systems exist at finite temperature, the EFTs live on the closed-time-path of the Schwinger-Keldysh contour. Since the coset construction and the non-equilibrium effective actions may be unfamiliar to many readers, we include brief introductions to these topics in an effort to make this paper self-contained. To demonstrate the legitimacy of this coset construction, we successfully reproduce the known EFTs for fluids and superfluids at finite temperature. Then, to demonstrate its utility, we construct novel EFTs for solids, supersolids, and four phases of liquid crystals, all at finite temperature. We thereby combine the non-equilibrium effective action and the coset construction to create a powerful tool that can be used to study many-body systems out of thermal equilibrium.
Holographic renormalization group flows in two-dimensional gravity and AdS black holes
Authors: Suh Minwoo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We look into the AdS black holes from two-dimensional gravity perspective. In this work, we extend the previous results of holographic renormalization group flows to dimensions two. By introducing a superpotential, we derive the flow equations in two-dimensional dilaton gravity. We also find a quantity which monotonically decreases along flows and give some comments on holographic c-theorem. As examples, we show that recently studied supersymmetric AdS black hole solutions generically dimensionally reduce to two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and obtain the flow equations for black hole solutions.
Sterile neutrino dark matter: impact of active-neutrino opacities
Authors: Bödeker Dietrich , Klaus Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The resonant production of keV sterile-neutrino dark matter mainly takes place during the QCD epoch of the early universe. It has been argued that it could be strongly affected by the opacities (or damping rates) of active neutrinos, which receive non-perturbative QCD-contributions. We find that for lepton asymmetries $$ {n}_{L_{\alpha }}/s $$

n

L
α

/
s
below 10−6 the opacities significantly affect the sterile-neutrino yield, but that for larger asymmetries, which are necessary for producing a significant fraction of the dark matter, the yield is insensitive to changes of the opacities. Thus non-perturbative QCD contributions to the opacities at temperatures around 160 MeV will not affect this dark matter scenario. We obtain larger sterile-neutrino yields than previous studies, and thus weaker lower limits on the active-sterile mixing angle from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Does increased acetabular depth affect safe infra-acetabular screw placement in acetabular fracture fixation?
Authors: Bastian Johannes Dominik , Näf David Riccardo , Cullmann Jennifer Larissa , Keel Marius Johann , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Infra-acetabular screws enhance the fixation strength in acetabular fractures with separation of both columns. Placement without iatrogenic femoral head violation is challenging.

Purpose
To assess the impact of the acetabular configuration, the patients’ age and gender on safe infra-acetabulum screw insertion.

Methods
In 112 patients (69 females; mean age: 34 years, range 17–88; n = 200 hips), the lateral center–edge angle (LCE) was measured on radiographs. Using corresponding axial CT scans the residual distance from (the lateral border) of the screw to (the medial border of) the femoral head (“Screw-to-Femoral Head distance”; “RD_SFH”) was determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using linear regression, multiple linear regression and normal distribution estimation.

Results
The mean (range) LCE angle was 30° (7°–51°) and the mean (range) “RD_SFH” was 5 mm (1–14 mm). The linear regression model shows a significant linear relation between LCE and “RD_SFH” with a slope parameter of − 0.15 (p value < 0.0001), the Pearson correlation between LCE and “RD_SFH” is − 0.56 (CI [− 0.71, [− 0.40]). Age did not have a significant impact on the relation between LCE and “RD_SFH” (p value 0.85). Compared to male patients, in females, the intercept is 4.62 mm (p value 0.0005) less, the slope parameter is 0.09 (p value 0.029) larger.

Conclusion
The virtual possibility to place an infra-acetabular screw was given in all patients. An increasing depth of the acetabulum correlated with a decrease in residual distances. As hip joint cartilage thickness was not considered in measurements, intraoperative rule-out of screw mispositioning especially in deep acetabular sockets and females is still of utmost importance.
Tail indices for $$\mathbf{A}\mathbf{X}+\mathbf{B}$$ Recursion with Triangular Matrices
Authors: Matsui Muneya , Świątkowski Witold 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study multivariate stochastic recurrence equations (SREs) with triangular matrices. If coefficient matrices of SREs have strictly positive entries, the classical Kesten result says that the stationary solution is regularly varying and the tail indices are the same in all directions. This framework, however, is too restrictive for applications. In order to widen applicability of SREs, we consider SREs with triangular matrices and we prove that their stationary solutions are regularly varying with component-wise different tail exponents. Several applications to GARCH models are suggested.
Evidence-based self-medication: development and evaluation of a professional newsletter concept for community pharmacies
Authors: Moritz Katharina , Seiberth Jasmin Mina , Schiek Susanne , Bertsche Thilo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground Providing evidence-based care is recognized as a key competence for all healthcare professionals. In order to support community pharmacists in evidence-based self-medication counseling, the umbrella organization of German pharmacists initiated the development of a nationwide concept. The key element of the concept was a professional newsletter that should help pharmacists incorporate research findings into their daily counseling practice. Objective To develop, implement and evaluate the professional newsletter concept. Setting German community pharmacies. Method Clinical pharmacists from a German university compiled and synthesized clinical trial data in a professional newsletter that would supply community pharmacists with evidence-based information on common over-the-counter medicines as well as instructions for searching and appraising scientific literature. The electronic newsletter was offered to interested community pharmacists free of charge, once or twice a month, after they signed up for a subscription. About one year after the publication of the first newsletter issue, the subscribers were invited to take part in an anonymous cross-sectional online survey. In all, 21 newsletter issues were published through the end of the survey period. Main outcome measure Perceived value of the professional newsletter with 10 predefined objectives. Results A total of 1975 persons subscribed to the professional newsletter. Of those, 150 persons working in community pharmacies completed the survey. Most of them perceived the synthesized information as ‘useful’ (81–95%). They attributed positive changes in knowledge (89%), skills (87–91%), awareness (85%), and motivation (67–77%) to the newsletter. However, almost half of them (43%) found it difficult to incorporate reading the newsletter in their everyday working life. Free-text feedback suggested that further modifications should be considered to facilitate a better integration of the newsletter into everyday pharmacy practice. Conclusion A nationwide provided professional newsletter can play a vital part in supporting pharmacists in evidence-based self-medication counseling. However, the practicability of such a newsletter needs to be further improved and the newsletter should be accompanied by additional measures.
Counterfactual theories of causation and the problem of large causes
Authors: Harbecke Jens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs is well-known, David Lewis’ counterfactual theory of causation is subject to serious counterexamples in ‘exceptional’ cases. What has not received due attention in the literature so far is that Lewis’ theory fails to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for causation in ‘ordinary’ cases, too. In particular, the theory suffers from the ‘problem of large causes’. It is argued that this problem may be fixed by imposing a minimization constraint, whilst this solution brings along substantial costs as well. In particular, a precise formulation of minimization requires defining an ‘essential part of an event’ and/or an ‘essential subevent’. Although the possibility of such a definition is ultimately left open, some doubts are raised on whether the counterfactualists’ resources are fit for this purpose, and whether the challenge can be met without substantially departing from Lewis’ intention, which was to provide a reductive account of causation.
Cosmopolitan Sentiment: Politics, Charity, and Global Poverty
Authors: Hobbs Joshua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuties to address global poverty face a motivation gap. We have good reasons for acting yet we do not, at least consistently. A ‘sentimental education’, featuring literature and journalism detailing the lives of distant others has been suggested as a promising means by which to close this gap (Nussbaum inUpheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions, CUP, Cambridge, 2001; Rorty inTruth and Progress: Philosophical Papers, vol. 3, CUP, Cambridge, 1998). Although sympathetic to this project, I argue that it is too heavily wed to a charitable model of our duties to address global poverty—understood as requiring we sacrifice a certain portion of our income. However, political action, aimed at altering institutions at both a global and a local level is likely to be necessary in order to provide effective long-term solutions to poverty globally. To rectify this, the article develops an alternative dialogical account of sentimental education, suitable for motivating support for political action to address global poverty.
Identifying 8 mm Radio Brightenings During the Solar Activity Minimum
Authors: Kallunki Juha , Tornikoski Merja , Björklund Irene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStrong solar radio brightenings have been extensively studied in the past, and their correlation to the sunspots and active regions are already well known. But even when the Sun is ostensibly quiet, there is practically always some activity that can be detected in the radio domain. In this article we investigate these semi-active features at 8 mm using the radio telescope at Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory. The observations were made between May and September 2019 when the solar activity was very low, and for our detailed study we chose dates when no active regions were identified on the solar surface by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The brightness temperature of these radio regions during this quiescent period of solar activity is at maximum approximately 250 K above the quiet-Sun level. We compared our millimeter data with data taken in extreme ultraviolet, and we found that these weak radio brightenings are mostly related to coronal hole features and magnetic bright points. We also found that there are two different categories of bright points: those with and without flux tube structure. The formation of the weak radio brightenings is comparable to the stronger radio brightenings: the rising fluxes from the weak photospheric features can be detected as a radio source.
Parallel sequential Monte Carlo for stochastic gradient-free nonconvex optimization
Authors: Akyildiz Ömer Deniz , Crisan Dan , Míguez Joaquín 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce and analyze a parallel sequential Monte Carlo methodology for the numerical solution of optimization problems that involve the minimization of a cost function that consists of the sum of many individual components. The proposed scheme is a stochastic zeroth-order optimization algorithm which demands only the capability to evaluate small subsets of components of the cost function. It can be depicted as a bank of samplers that generate particle approximations of several sequences of probability measures. These measures are constructed in such a way that they have associated probability density functions whose global maxima coincide with the global minima of the original cost function. The algorithm selects the best performing sampler and uses it to approximate a global minimum of the cost function. We prove analytically that the resulting estimator converges to a global minimum of the cost function almost surely and provide explicit convergence rates in terms of the number of generated Monte Carlo samples and the dimension of the search space. We show, by way of numerical examples, that the algorithm can tackle cost functions with multiple minima or with broad “flat” regions which are hard to minimize using gradient-based techniques.
Semantically Tied Paired Cycle Consistency for Any-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval
Authors: Dutta Anjan , Akata Zeynep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLow-shot sketch-based image retrieval is an emerging task in computer vision, allowing to retrieve natural images relevant to hand-drawn sketch queries that are rarely seen during the training phase. Related prior works either require aligned sketch-image pairs that are costly to obtain or inefficient memory fusion layer for mapping the visual information to a semantic space. In this paper, we address any-shot,i.e. zero-shot and few-shot, sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) tasks, where we introduce the few-shot setting for SBIR. For solving these tasks, we propose a semantically aligned paired cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (SEM-PCYC) for any-shot SBIR, where each branch of the generative adversarial network maps the visual information from sketch and image to a common semantic space via adversarial training. Each of these branches maintains cycle consistency that only requires supervision at the category level, and avoids the need of aligned sketch-image pairs. A classification criteria on the generators’ outputs ensures the visual to semantic space mapping to be class-specific. Furthermore, we propose to combine textual and hierarchical side information via an auto-encoder that selects discriminating side information within a same end-to-end model. Our results demonstrate a significant boost in any-shot SBIR performance over the state-of-the-art on the extended version of the challenging Sketchy, TU-Berlin and QuickDraw datasets.
Residual Stress Measurement of Suspension HVOF-Sprayed Alumina Coating via a Hole-Drilling Method
Authors: Owoseni T. A. , Bai M. , Curry N. , Lester E. H. , Grant D. M. , Hussain T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nature and magnitude of residual stresses in thermal-sprayed coatings determine their lifetime and failure mechanisms. The residual stresses of suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal sprayed alumina (Al2O3) coating were measured with hole-drilling and x-ray diffraction. The coating is dense and consists of amorphous and two crystalline phases: alpha and gamma. The residual stresses measured by hole-drilling in the Al2O3 coating was − 162 MPa (compression) in the longitudinal direction and − 104 MPa (compression) in the transverse direction. This is due to the peening stress and the high substrate–coating CTE ratio of ~ 2.1. The nature of the residual stress through the coating is related to the microstructure build-up shown from the cross section and the fracture surfaces of the coating.
‘If I Had My House, I’d Feel Free’: Housing and the (Re)Productions of Citizenship in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Millstein Marianne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile urban divisions are commonly emphasized in urban studies, there has been less emphasis on reproductions and contestations of divides within marginal urban spaces. This paper explores the dynamics of juxtaposed differences related to housing and urban citizenship in Delft, Cape Town. Delft is a microcosm of thirty years of official housing interventions in post-apartheid South Africa. It is also a space in which differences of urban formality and informality and of permanence and temporariness co-exist, and where housing is at the centre of community politics. This is driven by residents’ perceptions, interpretations and negotiations of differentiated housing rights and opportunities, residential categories and identities and notions of belonging. A particular manifestation of juxtaposed material and temporal differences in housing infrastructure is the construction of temporary relocation areas (TRAs). The multifaceted challenges with the TRAs in Delft illustrate the political nature of housing infrastructure as reported by (Lemanski 2019a, b) and how citizen-making is shaped in and through articulations of formality and informality, and of permanence and temporariness. This informs a politics of citizenship where the precariousness of permanent temporariness as reported by (Yiftachel 2009) for those living in the TRAs is set against those whose right to secure housing is realized, giving them recognition and permanence as ‘proper’ citizens. These dynamics may simultaneously inform rights-based claims to citizenship through collective struggles and individual actions, and localized forms of exclusion from the project of citizenship.
Inferring structure and parameters of dynamic system models simultaneously using swarm intelligence approaches
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Pang Wei , Coghill George M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInferring dynamic system models from observed time course data is very challenging compared to static system identification tasks. Dynamic system models are complicated to infer due to the underlying large search space and high computational cost for simulation and verification. In this research we aim to infer both the structure and parameters of a dynamic system simultaneously by particle swarm optimization (PSO) improved by efficient stratified sampling approaches. More specifically, we enhance PSO with two modern stratified sampling techniques, i.e., Latin hyper cube sampling (LHS) and Latin hyper cube multi dimensional uniformity (LHSMDU). We propose and evaluate two novel swarm-inspired algorithms, LHS-PSO and LHSMDU-PSO, which can be used particularly to learn the model structure and parameters of complex dynamic systems efficiently. The performance of LHS-PSO and LHSMDU-PSO is further compared with the original PSO and genetic algorithm (GA). We chose real-world cancer biological model called Kinetochores to asses the learning performance of LHSMDU-PSO and LHS-PSO in comparison with GA and the original PSO. The experimental results show that LHSMDU-PSO can find promising models with reasonable parameters and structure, and it outperforms LHS-PSO, PSO, and GA in our experiments.
A Novel Functional Link Network Stacking Ensemble with Fractal Features for Multichannel Fall Detection
Authors: Tahir Ahsen , Morison Gordon , Skelton Dawn A. , Gibson Ryan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFalls are a major health concern and result in high morbidity and mortality rates in older adults with high costs to health services. Automatic fall classification and detection systems can provide early detection of falls and timely medical aid. This paper proposes a novel Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) stacking ensemble classifier with fractal features for classification of falls. The fractal Hurst exponent is used as a representative of fractal dimensionality for capturing irregularity of accelerometer signals for falls and other activities of daily life. The generalised Hurst exponents along with wavelet transform coefficients are leveraged as input feature space for a novel stacking ensemble of RVFLs composed with an RVFL neural network meta-learner. Novel fast selection criteria are presented for base classifiers founded on the proposed diversity indicator, obtained from the overall performance values during the training phase. The proposed features and the stacking ensemble provide the highest classification accuracy of 95.71% compared with other machine learning techniques, such as Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine. The proposed ensemble classifier is 2.3× faster than a single Decision Tree and achieves the highest speedup in training time of 317.7× and 198.56× compared with a highly optimised ANN and RF ensemble, respectively. The significant improvements in training times of the order of 100× and high accuracy demonstrate that the proposed RVFL ensemble is a prime candidate for real-time, embedded wearable device–based fall detection systems.
The correlation between friction coefficient and areal topography parameters for AISI 304 steel sliding against AISI 52100 steel
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K. , Tiwari Mayank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDry wear experiments provide an insight detail on how severely contacting surfaces change under unlubricated sliding condition. The theory of dry sliding wear is used for understanding mixed-lubrication regime in which asperity interactions play a significant role in controlling of the friction coefficient (f). The purpose of this work is to study the tribological behavior of AISI 304 steel in contact with AISI 52100 steel during wear. Both materials are used in rolling element bearings commanly. Experiments are carried out using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry friction condition. The areal (three dimensional, 3D) topography parameters are measured using a 3D white light interferometer (WLI) with a 10× objective. After wear tests, wear mechanisms are analyzed utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM). Factorial design with custom response surface design (C-RSD) is used to study the mutual effect of load and speed on response variables such as f and topography parameters. It is observed that the root mean square roughness (Sq) decreases with an increase in sliding time. Within the range of sliding time, Sq decreases with an increase in the normal load. Within the range of sliding speed and normal load, it is found that Sq, mean summit curvature (Ssc), and root mean square slope (Sdq) are positively correlated with f. Whereas, negative correlation is found between f and correlation length (Sal), mean summit radius (R), and core roughness depth (Sk).