bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 is associated with a severe and treatable failure to thrive of neonatal onset
Authors: Al‐Thihli Khalid , Afting Cassian , Al‐Hashmi Nadia , Mohammed Mohammed , Sliwinski Svenja , Al Shibli Naema , Al‐Said Khoula , Al‐Kasbi Ghalia , Al‐Kharusi Khalsa , Merle Uta , Füllekrug Joachim , Al‐Maawali Almundher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFailure to thrive (FTT) causes significant morbidity, often without clear etiologies. Six individuals of a large consanguineous family presented in the neonatal period with recurrent vomiting and diarrhea, leading to severe FTT. Standard diagnostic work up did not ascertain an etiology. Autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing identified homozygosity for a novel genetic variant of the long chain fatty acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) shared among the affected individuals (NM_203379.1:c.1358C>A:p.(Thr453Lys)). Autosomal recessive genotype–phenotype segregation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional in vitro analysis of the ACSL5 variant by immunofluorescence, western blotting and enzyme assay suggested that Thr453Lys is a loss‐of‐function mutation without any remaining activity. ACSL5 belongs to an essential enzyme family required for lipid metabolism and is known to contribute the major activity in the mouse intestine. Based on the function of ACSL5 in intestinal long chain fatty acid metabolism and the gastroenterological symptoms, affected individuals were treated with total parenteral nutrition or medium‐chain triglyceride‐based formula restricted in long‐chain triglycerides. The patients responded well and follow up suggests that treatment is only required during early life.
Ten years of contact allergy from acrylic compounds in an occupational dermatology clinic
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Suuronen Katri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundContact allergy from acrylic compounds is a "hot topic". Knowledge on the exact chemical composition of acrylic products is superficial.AimsTo retrospectively describe patients with allergic reactions to acrylic compounds.MethodsWe included patients who had been tested with acrylate patch test series and displayed allergic reactions to at least one acrylic compound. Chemical analyses were often performed when safety data sheets of implicated products failed to reveal acrylic compounds to which the patient tested positive.ResultsIn 2010–2019 a total of 55 patients met the inclusion criteria. Eight cases of allergic contact dermatitis were due to anaerobic sealants, seven to dental products, three to windscreen glues, seven to eyelash glues and/or nail products in the beauty sector, three to UV‐cured printing inks, two to paints/lacquers, and one to polyester resin system. The origin of these contact allergies was occupational with the exception of four beauty sector workers who had developed eyelid symptoms from eyelash extensions glued onto their own eyelashes. We invariably detected methacrylate monomers in 15 chemical analyses of 12 different anaerobic sealants.ConclusionsSafety data sheets of anaerobic sealants often lack warnings for skin sensitization, although these products regularly contain sensitizing methacrylates.
Variation in rectoanal inhibitory reflex after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhao Ke , Zhao Yu‐Juan , Yin Shu‐Hui , Zhuo Guang‐Zuan , Zhao Yong , Ding Jian‐Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the physiological variation in rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (Lap‐ISR) for ultralow rectal cancer.MethodThis was a retrospective study that included 56 patients who underwent Lap‐ISR from a prospectively collected database. The RAIR was examined preoperatively and up to 12 months after ileostomy closure. The primary outcome included physiological variation in RAIR and its difference between partial, subtotal and total ISR. The secondary outcome was its correlation with functional outcome.ResultsThe reflex was present in 95% (53/56) of patients preoperatively, in 36% (20/56) before ileostomy closure, in 48% (27/56) at 3–6 months and in 61% (34/56) at 12 months after ileostomy closure. The elicited volume of RAIR was significantly increased at 12 months after ileostomy closure than at baseline (P = 0.005), but its duration and amplitude did not differ significantly. There was no significant difference in the reflex recovery between the ISR groups (partial vs. subtotal vs. total: 65% vs. 63% vs. 44%, P = 0.61). At 12 months after ileostomy closure, the RAIR‐present group had favourable functional results and patient satisfaction (P < 0.05). Major faecal incontinence was found in 82% of patients in the RAIR‐absent group.ConclusionThe RAIR is abolished in the majority of patients after Lap‐ISR, but a time‐dependent recovery could be observed in more than half of the patients. The reflex recovery is not influenced by the resection grade of the internal sphincter. However, persistent loss of the RAIR correlates with worse continence.
Arpilleras and Archives: Textiles as Records of Conflict
Authors: Doolan Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArpilleras, a term derived from the Spanish word for burlap, are a type of textile that originated in Chile and came to international prominence during the Pinochet Regime (1973–1990). Largely they were created by women living in the shanty‐towns of Santiago during the dictatorship, and were exported internationally to denounce the regime and its violent and repressive actions. Since then, they have been utilised by women in multiple countries across South America to record and share their experiences with conflict. However, depending on the definition of record being used, the inclusion of these textiles as archival records could be contentious. This research asserts that arpilleras can and do act as archival records in a range of examples across South America, and therefore serve as an opportunity to challenge and expand previously limited definitions of a record.
The “Rich Gay”? Small Museums & Funding “Difficult” History
Authors: Brow Kelsey , Buckner Joshua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe authors compare the prevalence of LGBTQIA identities in the general public and particularly in the museum workforce with the lack of funding for exhibitions and programming around LGBTQIA topics, especially in small museums. They investigate historical research in Curator’s archives to understand how museums have handled subjects considered politically or culturally challenging, and the ramifications for funding of these projects. By looking to present‐day examples of historical house museums, the article draws attention to the creative community organizing approaches to fundraising that can increase representation of LGBTQIA people and cultures.
Increasing Museum Capacities for Serving Non‐White Audiences
Authors: Martinez Nick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article surveys the history of the relationship between museums and communities of color in the United States, particularly those identifying as Black and African American. Studying the history of research of this topic in the Curator archive and other sources points to the paucity of studies that focus on this part of the population. The article illustrates the effect of these omissions and historical trends in a contemporary museum setting. Highlighting inclusive approaches and practices from the literature, the article offers solutions to the issues of representation and authority that have challenged many museums’ ability to embrace African American communities.
Futurescaping the Archive (Part 1. Artistic Intelligence and Creative Archiving of Artist Residency Experience)
Authors: Dziekan Vince 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile art residencies have become an integral infrastructural feature of the international contemporary arts ecosystem, their perceived value is largely under‐researched and the transformative impact they have upon the actors and agencies involved – not the least of those being the artists themselves – remains ill‐defined and inadequately documented. This article provides the first instalment in a series of texts designed to account for and synthesize various investigative aspects of an interdisciplinary action research project that has taken the Visual Artist Residency program hosted by Monash University at its Centre in Prato, Italy as its subject. The Prato Visiting Artist Residency Archive research project (PratoVARarchive) seeks to illuminate the distinctive qualities associated with archiving art residency experiences from an artist‐centred perspective by cross‐fertilizing curatorial research processes with the records continuum model. The nature of artist‐led processes, creative collaboration, extra‐institutional relationships and the persisting influence of residency experience on an artist’s practice has been investigated through a combination of conventional qualitative research (i.e. artist interviews) and unconventional research through practice, including exhibition and paracuratorial formats that were called upon to focus the issue of art and archives at the Community Informatics Research conference hosted in Prato in 2017. For its part, this initial essay establishes some of the key values (i.e. artistic intelligence; artistic/performative research processes) and archivistic approaches (i.e. present‐tense, creative archiving) informing the project’s inquiry‐based approach.
The use of trichloroacetic acid as a depigmenting therapy in universal vitiligo
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Fawzy Mohamed M. , Alakad Rania 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesSeveral modalities have been used to clear residual facial pigmentation in patients with extensive vitiligo; however, the ideal depigmenting agent does not yet exist. The use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for depigmentation in universal vitiligo has been recently reported. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCA 100 % as a depigmenting therapy for recalcitrant facial pigmentation in Egyptian patients with universal vitiligo.Patients and methodsThe study included 50 patients with universal vitiligo who had residual spotted pigmentation on the face causing psychological distress. TCA was focally applied to cover the pigmented patches at 100 % concentration. The treatment was repeated every two weeks until complete depigmentation or for a maximum of five treatment sessions.ResultsExcellent response to TCA treatment (> 90 % depigmentation) was reported in 80 % of the studied cases, partial response (50–90 % depigmentation) in 12 % and poor response (< 50 % depigmentation) in 8 % of the cases. Minor adverse effects were reported e.g. burning sensation, erosions and local infection.ConclusionsTCA seems to be a cost‐effective and well tolerated therapeutic option for the treatment of recalcitrant residual pigmentation in patients with extensive vitiligo. This modality is associated with reduced downtime and minimal adverse effects.
Preservation of the viability and gene expression of human periodontal ligament cells by Thai propolis extract
Authors: Bunwanna Atittaya , Damrongrungruang Teerasak , Puasiri Subin , Kantrong Nutthapong , Chailertvanitkul Pattama 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimSuccess of tooth replantation depends on the quality and quantity of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate Thai propolis extract as a storage medium for maintaining PDL cell viability and preserving gene expressions in PDL tissues.Materials and MethodsPDL cells from human premolars were tested for cytotoxicity of the extract by PrestoBlue assay to determine a non‐toxic concentration. Subsequently, 96 freshly extracted premolars were allocated into different treatment groups. Control groups were freshly extracted premolars or they had been stored dry for 12 hours. Experimental avulsed teeth were created by leaving them air‐dried for 30 minutes immediately after extraction, then they were immersed in Thai propolis extract, HBSS or milk for 3, 6 and 12 hours. After tooth storage, the remaining PDL cells were determined for their cell viability. RNA isolated from PDL tissues of three premolars treated similarly was analysed for periostin and S100A4 expressions using RT‐qPCR.ResultsThai propolis extract at 0.625 mg mL−1 promoted the greatest PDL cell viability. Tooth storage in 0.625 mg mL−1 Thai propolis extract, HBSS or milk showed no difference in maintaining cell viability. Periostin mRNA level was preserved by Thai propolis extract. Expression of S100A4 mRNA in PDL tissues stored in all tested media was dampened.ConclusionsPDL cells from mock avulsed teeth stored in 0.625 mg mL−1 Thai propolis extract for 3, 6 and 12 hours remained viable and the expression of periostin was preserved. This study suggests this extract as an alternative for a tooth storage medium for up to 12 hours. However, transporting an avulsed tooth in a storage medium for extended extra‐oral time might affect the PDL cell phenotypes.
Mandible fractures and dental injuries related to road traffic accidents over a 12‐year period—Retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Nogami Shinnosuke , Yamauchi Kensuke , Morishima Hiromitsu , Otake Yoshio , Kouketsu Atsumu , Higuchi Keisuke , Hirotani Hiroaki , Kumagai Masahiro , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimRoad traffic accidents (RTAs) are a common cause of maxillofacial injuries. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to investigate the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures and dental injuries that occurred in RTAs in Miyagi, Japan.Materials and MethodsThe records of 404 patients with maxillofacial injuries treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Departments of four different institutions over a period of 12 years were analysed. Ninety‐nine of these patients had suffered these injuries in an RTA. RTA‐related cases were divided according to age, gender, presentation month, presentation day of the week, transportation mode, time of accident, fracture sites and fracture mechanism.ResultsThere were 72 males and 27 females who suffered injuries as the result of an RTA, for a male‐to‐female ratio of 2.7:1.0, with a mean age of 35.3 years (range, 1‐86 years old). Most of the accidents occurred in June and on a Wednesday, and most of the affected patients were riding a bicycle at the time. The number of patients with maxillofacial injuries related to bicycle riding showed an increasing trend in recent years. Mandible fractures were the most prevalent, followed by dental injuries and maxilla fractures. In cases with a single fracture of the mandible, the symphysis was the most frequent site, while in those with multiple fractures, the association of symphysis and bi‐lateral condyle fractures was the greatest. For bicycle‐related accidents, a single fracture in the mandible occurred more often than multiple fractures.ConclusionsThe number of RTA‐related injuries while bicycle riding showed an increasing trend with mandible fractures commonly seen in those cases. Efforts to reduce maxillofacial injuries related to bicycle accidents are needed.
Analysis and prevention of ergonomic risk factors among dental students
Authors: Pejčić Nataša , Petrović Vanja , Đurić‐Jovičić Milica , Medojević Nataša , Nikodijević‐Latinović Angelina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDentistry is a high‐risk profession for the development of work‐related disorders. Dental students are also exposed to several risk factors. The goal of the study was to determine and localise musculoskeletal pain during dental work, afterwards to measure electromyography signals from the muscles groups mostly affected by the musculoskeletal pain. Study was done in order to provide possible suggestions for the most effective preventive measures of MS pain among dental students.Materials and MethodsIn order to solve the objectives, the research was realised in two segments. In the first part of the study, specially designed questionnaires were used to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal pain, risk factors and preventive measures among students. The second part of the study included electromyography analyses of muscular activity of students during dental work. Inclinometers also were set up in the purpose of monitoring inclination of the spine.ResultsResults of the questionnaire study indicated that pain during work was frequent, 81.8% of all the subjects reported pain during work. The recorded muscle activity of the neck muscles indicated a high ergonomic risk, while the muscle activity of the shoulders and back muscles indicated a medium risk. Work with a back flexion of 20 degrees and more indicates that students are at risk.ConclusionDental students used to work in unnatural working position. High ergonomic risk occurred in neck muscles. Students should be aware of the potential risks during work and to learn how to prevent it. Regular physical activity is strongly suggested to the students in order to avoid ergonomic problems.
Students at Saarland University dental school—A survey on their background and curriculum perception
Authors: Meyer Birgit , Karl Matthias , Luft Torsten , Koch Simon , Grobecker‐Karl Tanja , Steiner Constanze 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith the aim of optimising dental education without overburdening students, new legislation restructuring the undergraduate dental curriculum in German is under way. The goal of this study was to survey the current situation of dental students at one specific university with respect to their socio‐economic background, admission to dental school, curriculum perception and work‐life balance.Materials and methodsAn online questionnaire was presented to all undergraduate students enrolled at Saarland University who had at least completed the first preclinical practical course in dentistry.ResultsA response rate of 85% was reached with two‐thirds of the student body being females. The profession of 40% of students' parents either was physicians or dentist. Students reported a slight reduction in time spent for leisure activities during their studies, however, with sports activities hardly being affected. With respect to a proper work‐life balance, almost 50% of respondents considered their clinical workload as being too high. Students did not express a clear opinion regarding curriculum structure, whilst the content mostly satisfied their expectations (59%). The majority (71%) of students considered their preclinical training as being demanding whilst less than 3% fully agreed that preclinical training provided an optimal background for patient treatment. The learning modules in the first clinical semester were considered as being adequate by 56% of students. Examinations during courses were seen as properly reflecting the students' knowledge by 79% of students.DiscussionThe status quo of German dental students is characterised by a high workload affecting the students' work‐life balance and by a transition between preclinical and clinical education which only about half the student body perceives as being adequate. Patient‐based examinations obviously are not considered as being problematic.
Biomarker‐based stability in limbic‐predominant amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tondo Giacomo , Carli Giulia , Santangelo Roberto , Mattoli Maria Vittoria , Presotto Luca , Filippi Massimo , Magnani Giuseppe , Iannaccone Sandro , Cerami Chiara , Perani Daniela ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe amnestic presentation of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) represents the most common prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. There is, however, some evidence of aMCI with typical amnestic syndrome but showing long‐term clinical stability. The ability to predict stability or progression to dementia in the aMCI condition is important, particularly for the selection of candidates in clinical trials. We aimed to establish the role of in vivo biomarkers, as assessed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, in predicting prognosis in a large aMCI cohort.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study, including 142 aMCI subjects who had a long follow‐up (4–19 years), baseline CSF data and [18F]FDG‐PET scans individually assessed by validated voxel‐based procedures, classifying subjects into either limbic‐predominant or AD‐like hypometabolism patterns.ResultsThe two aMCI cohorts were clinically comparable at baseline. At follow‐up, the aMCI group with a limbic‐predominant [18F]FDG‐PET pattern showed clinical stability over a very long follow‐up (8.20 ± 3.30 years), no decline in Mini‐Mental State Examination score, and only 7% conversion to dementia. Conversely, the aMCI group with an AD‐like [18F]FDG‐PET pattern had a high rate of dementia progression (86%) over a shorter follow‐up (6.47 ± 2.07 years). Individual [18F]FDG‐PET hypometabolism patterns predicted stability or conversion with high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.89), sensitivity (0.90) and specificity (0.89). In the limbic‐predominant aMCI cohort, CSF biomarkers showed large variability and no prognostic value.ConclusionsIn a large series of clinically comparable subjects with aMCI at baseline, the specific [18F]FDG‐PET limbic‐predominant hypometabolism pattern was associated with clinical stability, making progression to AD very unlikely. The identification of a biomarker‐based benign course in aMCI subjects has important implications for prognosis and in planning clinical trials.
Mountain treelines climb slowly despite rapid climate warming
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Liang Eryuan , Wang Yafeng , Babst Flurin , Camarero J. Julio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo better understand how climate change drives altitudinal treeline dynamics at large spatial scales.LocationNorthern Hemisphere.Time period1901–2018.Major taxa studiedTree species that constitute alpine treelines.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of annual treeline shift rates at 143 sites from 38 published studies. For each site, we calculated current change rates in annual or seasonal temperatures, precipitation and drought (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index). We then evaluated relationships between treeline shift rates, and site characteristics and climate using standard and partial correlation analyses, as well as generalized linear models. These analyses were conducted at the hemispheric scale and for two geographic subsets of subarctic (north of 60° N) and temperate regions (south of 60° N).ResultsTreelines ascended at 88.8%, remained stable at 10.5% and descended at 0.7% of the sites. The mean hemispheric shift rate (0.354 m/year) was half of what would be expected from climate warming alone. Treeline shifts were significantly faster in subarctic than temperate regions. The precipitation effect was more important than temperature for predicting treeline shift rate. In the subarctic regions, autumn precipitation mostly determined treeline shift rates. In the temperate region, warmer temperatures and higher autumn precipitation accelerated shift rates, whereas wetter springs reduced them. Autumn precipitation and winter mean minimum temperature best explained the treeline shift rates across the Northern Hemisphere.Main conclusionsA combination of thermal and hydrological factors drives treeline shift rates across the Northern Hemisphere, with precipitation assuming an important modifying role of the general temperature‐driven treeline ascent. Regional treeline shift rates, therefore, co‐depend on drying and wetting trends, which should be considered in future estimates of global change impacts on alpine ecosystems.