bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Hole Transport Layers for Fabricating High Performance Non‐fullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Babu B. Hari , Lyu Chengkun , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Zhihao , Li Fenghong , Feng Lin , Hao Xiao‐Tao 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionInterfacial engineering is expected to be a feasible strategy to improve the charge transport properties of the hole transport layer (HTL), which is of crucial importance to boost the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, two types of alcohol soluble materials, 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) and di‐tetrabutylammoniumcis–bis(isothiocyanato)bis (2,2’‐bipyridyl‐4,4’‐dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) (N719) dye were selected as the dopant for HTL. The doping of F4‐TCNQ and N719 dye in poly (ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with and without integrating a graphene quantum‐dots (G‐QDs) layer has been explored in poly[[2,6′‐4‐8‐di(5‐ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2‐b:3,3‐b]dithiophene][3‐fluoro‐2[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thio‐phenediyl:(2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((4,4,9, 9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F) OSCs. The power conversion efficiency of the non‐fullerene OSCs has been increased to 10.12% from 8.84%. The influence of HTL modification on the nano‐morphological structures and photophysical properties is analyzed based on the comparative studies performed on the control and modified devices. The use of chemical doping and bilayer strategy optimizes the energy level alignment, nanomorphology, hole mobility, and work‐function of HTL, leading to considerable reduction of the leakage current and recombination losses. Our work demonstrates that the doping of HTL and the incorporation of G‐QDs layer to constitute a bilayer HTL is an promising strategy to fabricate high performance non‐fullerene polymer solar cells
Porous Nitrogen‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Gels as Efficient Supercapacitor Electrodes and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Tao , Wu Dongling 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionHeteroatom‐doped carbon materials have been widely used in energy storage and conversion such as supercapacitors and electrocatalysts. In this work, L‐asparagine (Asn), an amino acid derivative, has been used as a doping agent to prepare nitrogen‐ doped reduced graphene oxide gels (N‐GAs). The 3D interconnected structure gives rise to the superior electrochemical properties for supercapacitor and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The N‐GA‐4 (the mass ratio of Asn to graphene oxide (GO) is 4 : 1 by hydrothermal method) electrode shows the capacitance of 291.6 F·g–1 at 0.5 A·g–1. Meanwhile, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor achieves a maximum energy density of 23.8 Wh· kg–1 when the power density is 451.2 W·kg–1, and demonstrates an ultralong cycling life that the retention of capacitance is 99.3% after 80000 cycles. What's more, the annealed aerogel N‐GA‐4‐900 exhibits an onset potential (Eonset) of 0.95 V, half wave potential (E1/2) of 0.84 V (vs. RHE) and the oxygen reduction current density of 5.5 mA·cm–2 at 0.1 V with nearly four‐electron transfer, which are superior to commercial Pt/C. This work offers a new insight into the synthesis and applications of N‐GAs materials towards high performance in supercapacitors and ORR.
Poly(o‐xylylene)s via Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Polymerization†
Authors: Chen Si , Zhao Yanchuan 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionPoly(p‐xylylene)s (PPX) have found wide applications in various fields owing to their chemical robustness, low gas permeability and excellent dielectric properties. As a structural isomer of PPX, poly(o‐xylylene)s (POX), possessing a distinct main‐chain connectivity, are excellent candidates to pursue high‐performance materials; however, the investigation of POX is hampered by the lack of efficient synthetic methods. Herein, we report a straightforward way to access POXs through a cobalt‐catalyzed reductive polymerization. This method not only allows the direct preparation of electronically unmodified POXs, but also enables the copolymerization between o‐xylylene dibromides bearing different aryl or benzylic substituents. The glass transition temperatures of the copolymers can be finely tuned by varying the ratio between comonomers. The obtained POXs are solvent processible and amenable for thin‐film fabrication. As aryl bromide moiety remains untouched during the polymerization, post‐polymerization functionalization is easily achieved through Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction. The chemistry also enables the copolymerization of xylylene dibromide regioisomers, thereby leading to diversified non‐conjugated polymers, whose backbones are rich in arylene moieties. Moreover, the use of the polymerization strategy to synthesize structurally novel porous polymers is demonstrated.
Functional Characterization and Crystal Structure of the Type II Peptidyl Carrier Protein ColA1a in Collismycins Biosynthesis†
Authors: Ma Xueyang , Wang Guiyang , Liu Tan , Chi Changbiao , Zhang Zhongyi , Yang Donghui , Liu Wen , Ma Ming 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionCollismycins (COLs) are antibiotics characterized by a 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐BP) core composed of a trisubstituted ring A and an unmodified ring B. The 2,2′‐BP core, which possesses metal‐chelating ability and plays key roles in various biological activities of COLs, is biosynthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)‐polyketide synthase (PKS) hybrid machinery. The starter module of the NRPS‐PKS hybrid machinery consists of a type II peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) ColA1a and an adenylation protein ColA1b. We here report the functional characterization of ColA1a and ColA1b in vitro, confirming their functions in selection and loading of picolinic acid (PA), instead of normal amino acid substrates, as the origin of ring B in COLs. The 2.1 Å crystal structure of ColA1a was solved, revealing structural features including the additional helices α1a, α1b and missing helix α3, which may reflect unique interactions of ColA1a with other NRPS‐PKS proteins/domains or substrate. Primary and tertiary structural comparison of ColA1a with other PCPs revealed the structural basis for their typical α‐helical bundle, providing a better understanding of the structural flexibility of PCPs. These results facilitate the starter module engineering for the generation of COL derivatives with ring B modifications in the future.
Mapping genomic regions controlling agronomic traits in spring wheat under conventional and organic managements
Authors: Chen Hua , Bemister Darcy H. , Iqbal Muhammad , Strelkov Stephen E. , Spaner Dean M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdentification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with important traits is one of the first steps towards deploying marker‐assisted selection, but the lack of stability and consistency in identifying QTL across environments and populations remains a limitation. We conducted this study to identify QTL associated with agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) across management‐specific environments. A total of 204 wheat lines derived from the ‘Peace’ × ‘Carberry’ cross were evaluated in 2016 and 2017 under conventional and organic managements in Edmonton, Canada, and genotyped with diversity arrays technology markers. Using the least‐squares means for each management system, 53 QTL were identified for nine agronomic traits, 14 of which were consistently identified in both managements. The largest QTL we identified was associated with plant height (QPht.dms‐4B), which might be the plant height‐reducing gene Rht‐B1b from ‘Carberry’. It explained 54 and 49% of the phenotypic variation in conventional and organic management, respectively. The second largest QTL was associated with gluten strength (QSds.dms‐1A) in both managements. We identified consistent QTL across both organic and conventional managements, even though they were generally minor‐effect QTL. Twelve organic management‐specific QTL were found for grain yield, days to heading and maturity, plant height, test weight, and thousand‐kernel weight, but most explained relatively low amount of phenotypic variation. The QTL identified across managements, especially the gluten strength QTL (QSds.dms‐1A), may serve as useful markers in selection. The QSds.dms‐1A region needs to be investigated further to confirm whether it is the Gli‐1 storage protein gene.
Color‐distance modeling improves differentiation of colors in digital images of hybrid bermudagrass
Authors: Berndt William L. , Karcher Douglas E. , Richardson Michael D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdentifying and reporting color differences is important in turfgrass experimentation. Finding ways to improve color differentiation may be desirable. Research was conducted to determine if color‐distance modeling (∆E*ab) improves differentiation of color in images of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy]. Colors differ perceptibly if ∆E*ab >1.0; magnitude of difference increases as ∆E*ab increases. Hue angle (θ) and dark green color index (DGCI) of untreated shoots; shoots treated with petroleum hydrocarbons; and turf treated with N, herbicides, or a growth regulator were determined by digital image analysis. Hue and DGCI means were separated using orthogonal contrasts; ∆E*ab was computed for each contrast. Delta E*ab was a good predictor of color difference magnitude. Association between p‐values for contrasts of θ or DGCI and ∆E*ab were strong; smaller p‐values corresponded to larger ∆E*ab. When log10 p‐values for θ contrasts for ‘Tifway’ turf treated with N, herbicides, and a growth regulator were regressed on ∆E*ab, r2 = .9657 (y = − 0.602 − 0.9512x); for DGCI, r2 = .8743 (y = − 1.6097 − 0.8743x). Computing ∆E*ab helped avoid making false conclusions. Neither θ nor DGCI differed for Tifway treated with mesotrione or glyphosate (p = .2049, .6195) but ∆E*ab was 3.8 due to differences in saturation (p = .0137) and brightness (p = .0067). Computing ∆E*ab improved differentiation of turfgrass color by enhancing the accuracy of difference detection. Improving the ability to differentiate colors and avoidance of making false conclusions has advanced reporting of turfgrass color data.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of ZnO to ZIF‐8 Transformations in Supercritical CO2Revealed by In Situ X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Sinnwell Michael A. , Miller Quin R. S. , Liu Lili , Tao Jinhui , Bowden Mark E. , Kovarik Libor , Barpaga Dushyant , Han Yi , Kishan Motkuri Radha , Sushko Maria L. , Schaef Herbert T. , Thallapally Praveen K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZIF‐8 was synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). In situ powder X‐ray diffraction, ex situ microscopy, and simulations provide an encompassing view of the formation of ZIF‐8 and intermediary ZnO@ZIF‐8 composites in this nontraditional solvent. Time‐resolved imaging exposed divergent physicochemical reaction pathways from previous studies of the growth of anisotropic ZIF‐8 core@shell structures in traditional solvents. Synthetically relevant physiochemical properties of scCO2were integrated into classical nucleation theory, relating interfacial forces, calculated through DFTB+ based molecular dynamics (MD), with 3D nucleation outcomes. The kinetics of crystallization were examined and displayed a characteristic signature of time‐ and temperature‐dependent mechanisms over the extent of the reaction. Lastly, it is shown that subtle factors, such as the extent of reaction and the size/shape of sacrificial templates can tailor ZIF‐8 composition and size, eliciting control over hierarchical porosity in a nonconventional green solvent.
Electrostatic properties and stability of Coulomb crystals
Authors: Kozhberov Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe calculate the electrostatic properties of more than 20 different Coulomb crystals and study their resistance to small oscillations of the ions around their equilibrium positions (phonon oscillations). We discuss the stability of multicomponent crystals against separation into set of one‐component lattices and for some cases, the influence of energy of the zero‐point vibrations. It is confirmed that the body‐centred cubic (bcc) lattice possesses the lowest electrostatic energy among all one‐component (one type of ion in the elementary cell) crystals. For systems composed of two types of ions (their charge and density numbers are Z1, n1 and Z2, n2, respectively) and for n1 = n2, it is found that the formation of a binary bcc lattice is possible at 1/2.4229 < α < 2.4229, where α ≡ Z2/Z1. Under the same conditions, the NaCl lattice forms at α > 5.197 and α < 0.192. While for n2 = 2n1, the MgB2 lattice is found be stable at 0.1 < α < 0.32. For multicomponent lattices with hexagonal structure (binary hexagonal close‐packed, MgB2 and some others lattices), it is shown that their properties depend on the distance between hexagonal layers and this distance changes with α.
Health monitoring scheme‐based Forster resonance energy transfer nanocommunications in the Internet of Biological Nanothings
Authors: Abd El‐atty Saied M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a health monitoring approach for a targeted drug delivery (TDD) system taking into consideration the binding of drug to a target cell is proposed. The proposed scheme is mainly based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanocommunications and the physical phenomenon such as protein–protein interactions in biological systems, in order to propose a molecular communication system with various forms for single and/or multiple ligand–receptor binding. Inspired by classical wireless communication system, the analysis of proposed scheme in terms of bit error rate (BER) and mutual information between the transmitter nanomachine (TN) and receiver nanomachine (RN) is presented. Subsequently, we are able to obtain a closed‐form expression for BER for the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme can be employed in the promising Internet of Biological Nanothings (IoBNT) paradigm. The numerical results reveal that the proposed scheme with multiple donors multiple acceptors system analogous to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system is a superior scheme for transmission therapeutic drug information with achievable BER.
An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide, Gold Nanoparticles and Molecular Imprinted Over‐oxidized Polypyrrole for Amoxicillin Determination
Authors: Essousi Houda , Barhoumi Houcine , Karastogianni Sofia , Girousi Stella T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor for amoxicillin (AMX) detection based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), molecular imprinted overoxidized polypyrrole (MIOPPy) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is described in this work. The electrochemical behavior of the imprinted and non‐imprinted polymer (NIP) was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (IS). The structure and morphology of the prepared MIP sensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐Visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its experimental parameters such as monomer and template concentration, pH buffer solution, incubation time of AMX and AuNPs, scan rate as well as electropolymerization scan cycles were optimized to improve the performance of the sensor. The peak current obtained at the MIP electrode was proportional to the AMX concentration in the range from 10−8 to 10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit and sensitivity of 1.22 10−6 mol L−1 (Signal to noise ratio=3) and 2.52×10−6 μAmol−1 L, respectively. It was also found that this sensor exhibited reproducibility and excellent selectivity against molecules with similar chemical structures. Besides, the analytical application of the AMX sensor confirms the feasibility of AMX detection in milk and human serum.
Experimental investigation on fire smoke bifurcation flow in longitudinal ventilated tunnels
Authors: Zhao Shengzhong , Liu Fang , Wang Jun , Obadi Imad , Weng Miaocheng , Xu Tiantian 
Published: March 2020

SummaryInvestigation of smoke bifurcation flow has been receiving more attentions, however, delicate quantitative analyses on different regions of the bifurcation flow have rarely been addressed. In this study, a series of small‐scale experiments were conducted to investigate smoke bifurcation flow in longitudinal ventilated tunnels. Results show that when longitudinal ventilation velocity increases to a certain value, the smoke bifurcation phenomenon emerges, and a low‐temperature region forms in the center of the tunnel. Similar to the natural conditions, smoke development under relatively strong ventilation can also be subdivided into four regions. With the increase of ventilation velocity, the ceiling impact region, side wall impact region, and convergence region of two smoke streams move further downstream, indicating that the bifurcation phenomenon becomes more evident. A simple model is proposed based on theoretical analysis and experimental phenomenon to predict two characteristic lengths of smoke bifurcation flow: the offset distance of ceiling impact region and the length of low‐temperature region. Both characteristic lengths increase with ventilation velocity and can be well correlated with the dimensionless ventilation velocity defined in Equation (2) (
V′). The results of this work could provide references for both tunnel ventilation designers and fire science researchers.
NovelPPP1CB‐ALKfusion in spindle cell tumor defined by S100 and CD34 coexpression and distinctive stromal and perivascular hyalinization
Authors: Lopez‐Nunez Oscar , Surrey Lea F. , Alaggio Rita , Fritchie Karen J. , John Ivy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel group of S100‐ and CD34‐positive spindle cell tumors with distinctive stromal and perivascular hyalinization harboring recurrent gene fusions involving kinases includingRAF1,BRAF,NTRK1/2/3, andREThave been recently reported. To our knowledge, no such cases harboringALKrearrangements have been identified. We report a previously healthy 41‐year‐old male with a 12‐cm intramuscular shoulder mass. The tumor was composed of bland‐appearing spindled to epithelioid cells, arranged in a patternless pattern in a background of loose myxoid stroma containing striking amianthoid‐like stromal collagen and perivascular rings. In accordance with the previously reported tumors, the tumor cells showed diffuse immunopositivity with S100 and CD34, while lacking SOX10 expression. Targeted RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing identified a novel serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase PP1‐beta‐catalytic subunit (PPP1CB)‐ALKfusion gene. Although ALK break‐apart was not detected by FISH, likely due to a paracentric inversion of chromosome 2, the presence of the fusion was confirmed by Sanger sequencing showing a 10‐bp linker between exon 6 ofPPP1CBand intron 19 ofALKwhile maintaining reading frame. Subsequent ALK‐1 immunostain exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the tumor cells. Our case expands the molecular genetic spectrum of the distinctive group of spindle cell tumors with CD34/S100+ immunophenotype, supporting the important role of various kinases as drivers of oncogenesis. Awareness of this entity including its unique morphologic and immunophenotypic features as well as its interchangeable kinase gene fusions is crucial for correct classification and potential targeted therapy, particularly in aggressive subsets.
Simply Science: The Eighth Annual Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy Workshop (Orlando, Florida, USA)
Authors: Waller Edmund K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOn December 6, 2019, the Eighth Annual Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and Cell Therapy Workshop was convened in Orlando, Florida. The workshop was a satellite meeting held prior to the American Association of Hematology annual conference and was attended by 200 physicians and scientists with clinical and research interests in bone marrow transplantation and cell therapy. The unique format consisted of 5‐minute presentations of unpublished research followed by 5 minutes of audience questions and discussion. Basic and translational science was reported, not driven by commercial interests but by a desire to understand basic mechanisms in immunology. This meeting report describes the unique nature of the symposium as not sales focused but science driven, and briefly summarizes not only the key proceedings but also their value to the scientific community at large.
The High School–College Disconnect: Examining First‐Generation College Students’ Perceptions of Their Literacy Preparation
Authors: Wahleithner Juliet Michelsen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe transition from high school to college is challenging for many students, especially first‐generation college students. College courses require disciplinary specific reading, writing, and thinking skills not often taught in high school, such as reading and analyzing complex texts and constructing original arguments in discipline‐specific genres. Drawing on interviews with 18 first‐generation college students in their first year at a four‐year university, the author sought to understand their perceptions of their preparation for the literacy demands of college. Students reported multiple ways that they wished their high schools had better prepared them, including more complex reading assignments and opportunities to engage in original research. Additionally, students wished that they had received more guidance in developing and supporting their ideas in writing. The findings from this study suggest specific changes that secondary teachers from all content areas should make to their instruction to better prepare students for postsecondary literacy demands.
Connexin 43 Is Necessary for Murine Tendon Enthesis Formation and Response to Loading
Authors: Shen Hua , Schwartz Andrea G , Civitelli Roberto , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe enthesis is a mineralized fibrocartilage transition that attaches tendon to bone and is vital for musculoskeletal function. Despite recent studies demonstrating the necessity of muscle loading for enthesis formation, the mechanisms that regulate enthesis formation and mechanoresponsiveness remain unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of the gap junction protein connexin 43 in these processes by deleting Gja1 (the Cx43 gene) in the tendon and enthesis. Compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts, mice lacking Cx43 showed disrupted entheseal cell alignment, reduced mineralized fibrocartilage, and impaired biomechanical properties of the supraspinatus tendon entheses during postnatal development. Cx43-deficient mice also exhibited reduced ability to complete a treadmill running protocol but no apparent deficits in daily activity, metabolic indexes, shoulder muscle size, grip strength, and major trabecular bone properties of the adjacent humeral head. To examine enthesis mechanoresponsiveness, young adult mice were subjected to modest treadmill exercise. Gja1 deficiency in the tendon and enthesis reduced entheseal anabolic responses to treadmill exercise: WT mice had increased expression of Sox9, Ihh, and Gli1 and increased Brdu incorporation, whereas Cx43-deficient mice showed no changes or decreased levels with exercise. Collectively, the results demonstrated an essential role for Cx43 in postnatal tendon enthesis formation, function, and response to loading; results further provided evidence implicating a link between Cx43 function and the hedgehog signaling pathway. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.