bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck injury potential during water sports falls: examining the effects of helmets
Authors: Scher Irving S. , Stepan Lenka L. , Hoover Ryan W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHead and neck injuries sustained during water skiing and wakeboarding occur as a result of falls in water and collisions with obstacles, equipment, or people. Though water sports helmets are designed to reduce injury likelihood from head impacts with hard objects, some believe that helmets increase head and neck injury rates for falls into water (with no impact to a solid object). The effect of water sports helmets on head kinematics and neck loads during simulated falls into water was evaluated using a custom-made pendulum system with a Hybrid-III anthropometric testing device. Two water entry configurations were evaluated: head-first and pelvis-first water impacts with a water entry speed of 8.8 ± 0.1 m/s. Head and neck injury metrics were compared to injury assessment reference values and the likelihoods of brain injury were determined from head kinematics. Water sport helmets did not increase the likelihood of mild traumatic brain injury compared to a non-helmeted condition for both water entry configurations. Though helmets did increase injury metrics (such as head acceleration, HIC, and cervical spine compression) in some test configurations, the metrics remained below injury assessment reference values and the likelihoods of injury remained below 1%. Using the effective drag coefficients, the lowest water impact speed needed to produce cervical spine injury was estimated to be 15 m/s. The testing does not support the supposition that water sports helmets increase the likelihood of head or neck injury in a typical fall into water during water sports.
The potential to quantify polypharmacy in older adult hospital inpatients using electronic prescribing software: a feasibility study
Authors: Connor Nick , Woodward Simon , Norwood Mark , Sturrock Nigel , Woodard James , Skelly Rob , Butterfield Richard , Lewis Sarah , Fogarty Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolypharmacy in older adults is a growing problem, as some drugs may be either unnecessary or even harmful. Admission to hospital under a Medicine for the Elderly specialist physicians represents an opportunity to review patients’ medication. The recent introduction of electronic prescribing to some hospitals in the United Kingdom allows the development of tools to measure polypharmacy in in-patients, and subsequently to assess the efficacy of interventions that aim to optimize medication prescribing. We tested the feasibility of developing an Excel-based software code that measured the number of medications a group of patients were taking at admission and how many of these were still prescribed on discharge. Electronic prescribing data was obtained from the Royal Derby Hospital, over a period of 52 weeks from April 2017 to March 2018 for all patients over the age of 65 years who were admitted onto the medicine for the elderly wards and subsequently discharged. On admission, the median number of eligible medications was 11 (interquartile range IQR 8 to 15). At the time of discharge, the median number of eligible medications retained since admission was 9 (IQR 6 to 12). This represents a median number of medications that have been removed from the current medication regimen of 2 (IQR 1 to 3, p < 0.001). Electronic prescribing software in hospitals allows the development of tools to measure the burden of medications, and to examine the efficacy of future interventions that are developed to optimize drug prescribing in older adults.
The CAnadian High-Resolution Traumatic Brain Injury (CAHR-TBI) Research Collaborative
Authors: Bernard Francis , Gallagher Clare , Griesdale Donald , Kramer Andreas , Sekhon Mypinder , Zeiler Frederick A. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:In traumatic brain injury (TBI), future integration of multimodal monitoring of cerebral physiology and high-frequency signal processing techniques, with advanced neuroimaging, proteomic and genomic analysis, provides an opportunity to explore the molecular pathways involved in various aspects of cerebral physiologic dysfunctionin vivo. The main issue with early and rapid discovery in this field of personalized medicine is the expertise and complexity of data involved. This brief communication highlights the CAnadian High-Resolution Traumatic Brain Injury (CAHR-TBI) Research Collaborative, which has been formed from centers with specific expertise in the area of high-frequency physiologic monitoring/processing, and outlines its objectives.
Introduction: Digital History in African Studies
Authors: Hart Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis brief introduction to a special section on Digital History in African Studies situates three articles on recent digital humanities initiatives among African historians within the broader histories of the use of digital methodologies in the study of Africa. In particular, it highlights the way that Africanist digital scholarship sits at the intersection of digital historical representation, community engagement, and academic research. While Africanist digital history builds on the work of a much broader digital humanities community, historians of Africa also draw on their discipline’s long history of methodological innovation to raise important questions about the potential contributions and limitations of digital technologies in academic research.
Exchanging fluids
Authors: Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Figueredo Aurelio José , Fernandes Heitor , Smith-Castro Vanessa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKnowledge of evolutionary influences on patterns of human mating, social interactions, and differential health is increasing, yet these insights have rarely been applied to historical analyses of human population dynamics. The genetic and evolutionary forces behind biases in interethnic mating and in the health of individuals of different ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean since the European colonization of America are still largely ignored. We discuss how historical and contemporary sociocultural interactions and practices are strongly influenced by population-level evolutionary forces. Specifically, we discuss the historical implications of functional (de facto) polygyny, sex-biased admixture, and assortative mating in Latin America. We propose that these three evolutionary mechanisms influenced mating patterns, shaping the genetic and cultural landscape across Latin America and the Caribbean. Further, we discuss how genetic differences between the original populations that migrated at different times into Latin America contributed to their accommodation to and survival in the different local ecologies and interethnic interactions. Relevant medical and social implications follow from the genetic and cultural changes reviewed.
Single-Year German oak and Californian Bristlecone Pine 14C Data at the Beginning of the Hallstatt Plateau from 856 BC to 626 BC
Authors: Fahrni Simon M , Southon John , Fuller Benjamin T , Park Junghun , Friedrich Michael , Muscheler Raimund , Wacker Lukas , Taylor R E 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAs part of the ongoing effort to improve the Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve, this study investigates the period of 856 BC to 626 BC (2805–2575 yr BP) with a total of 403 single-year 14C measurements. In this age range, IntCal13 was constructed largely from German and Irish oak as well as Californian bristlecone pine 14C dates, with most samples measured with a 10-yr resolution. The new data presented here is the first atmospheric 14C single-year record of the older end of the Hallstatt plateau based on an absolutely dated tree-ring chronology. The data helped reveal a major solar proton event (SPE) which caused a spike in the production rate of cosmogenic radionuclides around 2610/2609 BP. This production event is thought to have reached a magnitude similar to the 774/775 AD production event but has remained undetected due to averaging effects in the decadal calibration data. The record leading up to the 2610/2609 BP event reveals a 11-yr solar cycle with varying cyclicity. Features of the new data and the benefits of higher resolution calibration are discussed.
How does a simplified recipe collection procedure in dietary assessment tools affect the food group and nutrient intake distributions of the population
Authors: Zhang Liangzi , Boshuizen Hendriek , Ocké Marga 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTechnology advancements have driven the use of self-administered dietary assessment methods in large-scale dietary surveys. Interviewer-assisted methods generally have a complicated recipe recording procedure enabling the adjustment from a standard recipe. In order to decide if this functionality can be omitted for self-administered dietary assessment, this study aimed to assess the extent of standard recipe modifications in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey and measure the impact on the food group and nutrient intake distributions of the population when the modifications were disregarded. A two-scenario simulation analysis was conducted. Firstly, the individual recipe scenario omitted the full modifications to the standard recipes made by people who knew their recipes. Secondly, the modified recipe scenario omitted the modifications made by those who partially modified the standard recipe due to their limited knowledge. The weighted percentage differences for the nutrient and food group intake distributions between the scenarios and the original data set were calculated. The highest percentage of energy consumed through mixed dishes was 10 % for females aged 19–79 years. Comparing the combined scenario and the original data set, the average of the absolute percentage difference for the population mean intakes was 1·6 % across all food groups and 0·6 % for nutrients. The soup group (−6·6 %) and DHA (−2·3 %) showed the largest percentage difference. The recipe simplification caused a slight underestimation of the consumed amount of both foods (−0·2 %) and nutrients (−0·4 %). These results are promising for developing self-administered 24-hour recalls or food diary applications without complex recipe function.
An invincible memory: what surname analysis tells us about history, health and population medical genetics in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Cardoso-dos-Santos Augusto César , Ramallo Virginia , Zagonel-Oliveira Marcelo , Veronez Maurício Roberto , Navarro Pablo , Monlleó Isabella L. , Valiati Victor Hugo , Dipierri José Edgardo , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the Brazilian Northeast is a region with high rates of inbreeding as well as a high incidence of autosomal recessive diseases. The elaboration of public health policies focused on the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies and rare genetic diseases in this region is urgently needed. However, the vast territory, socio-demographic heterogeneity, economic difficulties and low number of professionals with expertise in medical genetics make strategic planning a challenging task. Surnames can be compared to a genetic system with multiple neutral alleles and allow some approximation of population structure. Here, surname analysis of more than 37 million people was combined with health and socio-demographic indicators covering all 1794 municipalities of the nine states of the region. The data distribution showed a heterogeneous spatial pattern (Global Moran Index, GMI = 0.58; p < 0.001), with higher isonymy rates in the east of the region and the highest rates in the Quilombo dos Palmares region – the largest conglomerate of escaped slaves in Latin America. A positive correlation was found between the isonymy index and the frequency of live births with congenital anomalies (r = 0.268; p < 0.001), and the two indicators were spatially correlated (GMI = 0.50; p < 0.001). With this approach, quantitative information on the genetic structure of the Brazilian Northeast population was obtained, which may represent an economical and useful tool for decision-making in the medical field.
Safety of tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty performed by otorhinolaryngology trainees
Authors: Alzhrani F , Aldueb R , Alosaimi K , Islam T , Almuhawas F , Alsanosi A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the impact of trainee involvement in performing tympanoplasty or tympano-ossiculoplasty on outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of a prospective database of all patients undergoing tympanoplasty and tympano-ossiculoplasty in a single centre during a three-year period. Patients were divided into three primary surgeon groups: consultants, fellows and residents. The outcomes of operative time, surgical complications, length of hospital stay, and air–bone gap improvement were compared among the groups.ResultsThe study included 398 tympanoplasty and tympano-ossiculoplasty surgical procedures, 71 per cent of which were performed by junior trainees (residents). The junior trainee group was associated with a significantly longer surgical time, without adverse impact on outcomes.ConclusionTrainee participation in tympanoplasty and tympano-ossiculoplasty surgery was associated with longer surgical time, but did not negatively affect the peri-operative course or hearing outcome. Therefore, resident involvement in these types of surgery is safe.
Efficacy of small-volume gastrografin videofluoroscopic screening for detecting pharyngeal leaks following total laryngectomy
Authors: Narayan M , Limbachiya S , Balasubramanian D , Subramaniam N , Thankappan K , Iyer S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesPharyngocutaneous fistulae are dreaded complications following total laryngectomy. This paper presents our experience using 3–5 ml gastrografin to detect pharyngeal leaks following total laryngectomy, and compares post-operative videofluoroscopy with clinical follow-up findings in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was conducted of total laryngectomy patients. The control group (n = 85) was assessed clinically for development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae, while the study group (n = 52) underwent small-volume (3–5 ml) post-operative gastrografin videofluoroscopy.ResultsIn the control group, 24 of 85 patients (28 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, with 6 requiring surgical correction. In the study group, 24 of 52 patients (46 per cent) had videofluoroscopy-detected pharyngeal leaks; 4 patients (8 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, but all cases resolved following non-surgical management. Patients who underwent videofluoroscopy had a significantly lower risk of developing pharyngocutaneous fistulae; sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae were 58 per cent and 100 per cent respectively.ConclusionSmall-volume gastrografin videofluoroscopy reliably identified small pharyngeal leaks. Routine use in total laryngectomy combined with withholding feeds in cases of early leaks may prevent the development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.
Neurocognitive correlates of working memory and emotional processing in postpartum psychosis: an fMRI study
Authors: Kowalczyk Olivia S. , Pauls Astrid M. , Fusté Montserrat , Williams Steven C.R. , Hazelgrove Katie , Vecchio Costanza , Seneviratne Gertrude , Pariante Carmine M. , Dazzan Paola , Mehta Mitul A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum psychosis (PP) is a severe postpartum disorder. While working memory and emotional processing-related brain function are consistently impaired in psychoses unrelated to the puerperium, no studies have investigated them in PP.MethodsTwenty-four women at risk of developing PP (11 developed an episode – PE; 13 remained well – NPE) and 20 healthy postpartum women completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks within a year of delivery: working memory (n-back) and emotional face recognition (fearful faces). We compared women at-risk of PP to controls, as well as NPE, PE, and controls to test for potential effects of a PP episode occurrence.ResultsWomen at-risk of PP and PE showed hyperactivation of lateral visual areas, precuneus, and posterior cingulate during then-back task. The at-risk group as a whole, as well as the PE and NPE groups, showed hyperconnectivity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with various parieto-occipito-temporo-cerebellar regions compared to controls during severaln-back conditions. Increases in connectivity between the right DLPFC and ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus were observed in the PE group compared to NPE during 2-back. During the fearful faces task, at-risk women as a group showed hyperactivation of fronto-cingulo-subcortical regions, and hypoconnectivity between the left amygdala and ipsilateral occipito-parietal regions compared to controls. No significant performance differences were observed.ConclusionsThese results present preliminary evidence of a differential nature of functional brain abnormalities in PP compared to the typically observed reduced connectivity with the DLPFC in psychoses unrelated to puerperium, such as bipolar disorder.
The Role of Monetary and Non-Monetary Job Quality Components in Determining Welfare Exit
Authors: ACHDUT NETTA , STIER HAYA 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit means tested public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labor market. Studies on welfare use determinants that traced these policy changes focused on individuals’ characteristics, economic condition, and various policy components. Little attention was paid to welfare recipients’ job quality or its role in determining welfare exit. The present study examined the contribution of various job quality aspects, beyond wages, to welfare exit among welfare recipients in Israel. We considered the use of workers’ own skills and occupation, existence of standard employment contract (versus temporary), irregular work schedule, and application of mandatory and non-mandatory non-wage compensation attributes. The data derive from a national panel survey of 2,800 single-mother recipients of welfare in 2003. The results indicate the importance of these job components for welfare exit, above and beyond wages. Implications for policy are discussed.
Staging mental discursive processes and reactions: The construction of direct reported thought (DRT) in conversational storytelling
Authors: Ferreira Virginia Acuña 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis article approaches the construction of reported thought in everyday conversation by analysing instances of direct reported thought (DRT), taken from storytelling sequences. It is argued that DRT is used by narrators as a device to portray, in a dynamic sense, the ways in which they experience the story world in their mind, as discursive processes and reactions around an external event that clash with their expectations or initial perception of the situation. More specifically, the analysis shows that DRT is employed to stage a ‘first wrong thought’ (Jefferson 2004) that is shaped in a range of ways, as a process of worrying, deliberating, lamenting, and blaming or accusing someone in the situation, as well as shocked and indignant reactions that are constructed as exclamations and a process of reproaching and planning a future revenge action. (Direct reported thought, conversational storytelling, mental discursive processes, mental reactions, first wrong thought, silent shock, inner experience, direct reported speech)
Prosody and grammar of other-repetitions in French: The interplay of position and composition
Authors: Persson Rasmus 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the body of cross-linguistic research on repetition, repair, and action-formation more generally. Using conversation-analytic and interactional-linguistic methods to analyse both position and composition in the formation of actions accomplished by other-repetitions in French, the study underscores the interplay between linguistic design, sequential organisation, and territories of knowledge and accountability in interaction. The actions conveyed by other-repetitions, and the responses made relevant, are affected by both (i) the design of the repetition turn itself—involving various features of prosody (e.g. intonation contour type and pitch span), grammar, and lexis—and (ii) the sequential location of the repetition, including the particulars of the talk that gets repeated and the relevancies set up by that previous talk. The study concludes with a discussion of its significance for research on action-formation as well as for research on the pragmatics of intonation. (Repair-initiation, surprise, acceptability, registering, intonation, epistemics, agency)*
Anglophilia and Sensibility in Late Eighteenth-Century Vienna: Prince Charles Antoine de Ligne's Testament and theIndissolubles
Authors: Gates-Coon Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrince Charles Antoine de Ligne, son of Prince Charles Joseph de Ligne, died fighting French revolutionary forces at Croix-au-Bois in the Argonne region on 14 September 1792. He left behind a last will and testament (a copy is held in the Kriegsarchiv in Vienna) that evoked the memory of his small circle of aristocratic Viennese friends called “les Indissolubles.” Each member received a personal legacy, and Charles directed that a “temple of friendship” be established in his rooms at Beloeil featuring portraits of group members and a bust of himself. This poignant document, in combination with Charles's correspondence with close friend and group member Prince Joseph Poniatowski (preserved in the Polish Academy library in Cracow), confirms in striking manner the group's affinity for two popular European trends: Anglophilia and sensibility. Although Charles's will was not published at the time of his death he could assume that, as with any final testament, his statements would become known to, and honored by, a limited “public” of their own.
Reinforcement learning-based collision avoidance: impact of reward function and knowledge transfer
Authors: Liu Xiongqing , Jin Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCollision avoidance for robots and vehicles in unpredictable environments is a challenging task. Various control strategies have been developed for the agent (i.e., robots or vehicles) to sense the environment, assess the situation, and select the optimal actions to avoid collision and accomplish its mission. In our research on autonomous ships, we take a machine learning approach to collision avoidance. The lack of available ship steering data of human ship masters has made it necessary to acquire collision avoidance knowledge through reinforcement learning (RL). Given that the learned neural network tends to be a black box, it is desirable that a method is available which can be used to design an agent's behavior so that the desired knowledge can be captured. Furthermore, RL with complex tasks can be either time consuming or unfeasible. A multi-stage learning method is needed in which agents can learn from simple tasks and then transfer their learned knowledge to closely related but more complex tasks. In this paper, we explore the ways of designing agent behaviors through tuning reward functions and devise a transfer RL method for multi-stage knowledge acquisition. The computer simulation-based agent training results have shown that it is important to understand the roles of each component in a reward function and the various design parameters in transfer RL. The settings of these parameters are all dependent on the complexity of the tasks and the similarities between them.