bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
Authors: Aseeri Jumaa , Alandis Naser M. , Mekhamer Waffa , Alam Manawwer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/ polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends of different compositions, with and without organoclay (OC) were prepared by a solution casting method. PS and PVC were combined in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 10/90, and 0/100. Local clay was treated with 0.5M NaCl to generate sodium clay (Na-clay). The Na-clay was subsequently modified using the cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), at a concentration of 0.5 times that of Na-clay. The CPC-modified clay was denoted as organoclay (OC). The organoclay was dispersed in PS/PVC blends (90/10 and 10/90) with different weight percentages of OC (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). To evaluate the miscibility of PS/PVC blends, the blends with and without OC were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The addition of OC to the PS/PVC blends produced exfoliated nanocomposites, as proven by XRD. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed that the PS/PVC(10/90) blend components were more miscible than those of the PS/PVC(90/10) blend, leading to favorable morphology.
Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
Authors: Wang Xing-Long , Liu Jia-Bao , Ahmad Maqsood , Kamran Siddiqui Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA numeric quantity that comprehend characteristics of molecular graph Γ of chemical compound is known as topological index. This number is, in fact, invariant with respect to symmetry properties of molecular graph Γ. Many researchers have established, after diverse studies, a parallel between the physico chemical properties like boiling point, stability, similarity, chirality and melting point of chemical species and corresponding chemical graph. These descriptors defined on chemical graphs are extremely helpful for researchers to conduct regression model like QSAR/QSPR and better understand the physical features, complexity of molecules, chemical and biological properties of underlying compound.In this paper, several structure descriptors of vital importance, namely, first, second, modified and augmented Zagreb indices, inverse and general Randic indices, symmetric division, harmonic, inverse sum and forgotten indices of Hex-derived Meshes (networks) of two kinds, namely, HDN1(n) and HDN2(n) are computed and recovered using general approach of topological polynomials.
Computer technology of the thermal stress state and fatigue life analysis of turbine engine exhaust support frames
Authors: Ryabov A. A. , Romano V. I. , Rechkin V. N. , Kudryavtsev A. Yu. , Strelets D. Yu. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An advanced computer technology of the thermal stress state and fatigue life analysis of turbine engine exhaust support frames based on the use of licensed engineering analysis software, as well as some specialized home codes are presented in the paper. The developed technology allows perform simulations for the full model of the structure, not only for the typical fragments models, and increase an accuracy of calculations and significantly reduce a design time.
On the Fitness between Law and Economics—Or Sunstein between Posner and Calabresi
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article strengthens Calabresi’s call for a bilateral relationship between law and economics with two claims. The first claim is that the fitness analysis of Law and Economics (“concept-based fitness”) requires studying legal reasons and reasoning. This is a remarkable difference with the fitness analysis performed by the Economic Analysis of Law (“effect-based fitness”). Accordingly, Law and Economics and Economic Analysis of Law differ at the fitness stage already. The second claim is that Sunstein’s research on minimalism resonates well with Calabresi’s project although Sunstein has failed to acknowledge this in his book review. The article concludes with a discussion of how a minimalist approach contributes to a bilateral relationship between economics and law.
Commons in the Past and the Future of Law and Economics
Authors: Stojanovic Aleksandar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article explores the role of commons in law and economics under the assumption that its strength (following Calabresi. 2016. The Future of Law and Economics: Essays in Reform and Recollection. Yale University Press) comes from the ability to amplify economic theory by integrating elements of institutional reality into the analytic framework. Following an analysis of the role that the spoilage of commons has played in the early developments of the transaction cost framework, the article considers the ways in which the success of commons could amplify the law and economics further. I conclude these costs could be conceptualized by extending Calabresi’s own past work on the role of values in institutional arrangements in the direction of understanding the contributions and losses of different arrangements concerning the capacity of values motivate economic activity.
Impact of dissolved organic matter in D0- and AD0-stages in bleaching of birch kraft pulp
Authors: Wilke Caroline , Andersson Niclas , Germgård Ulf 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To be able to charge a correct amount of chlorine dioxide in the D0-stage, a pulp mill needs good control of the bleaching process and good sensors to keep the variability of the bleaching result on an acceptable level. It is also important to include the bleaching agent demand from the dissolved matter in the pulp slurry. If this is done correctly, over- or undercharging of bleaching agents can be reduced, which lead to lower bleaching chemical cost, lower polluting emissions and higher pulp quality.
Our previous research has shown that the dissolved organic carryover from the O2-stage varies significantly when bleaching softwood kraft pulp. The present study investigated the corresponding impact in the case of bleaching of birch pulp. Different mill configurations and process conditions have been simulated in laboratory trials, including proceeding A-stage treatment, different degrees of washing before and between the stages, and a comparison of the effects of recycled and non-recycled wash filtrates. The results have confirmed the significant impact of the dissolved organic matter, and the knowledge which have been generated can be used to understand how measurement and control concepts can be developed to improve the pulp quality control and to decrease production cost.
Effect of austenitising heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a nitrogen bearing martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Li Xiao , Wei Yinghui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of austenitising heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and metal release of the nitrogen bearing, martensitic stainless steel 420U6 was investigated. The heat treatment was carried out at temperatures between 950 to 1,150∘C with a holding time between 30 to 120min, followed by air cooling. The quenched microstructures observed by a scanning electron microscope indicated that by increasing the austenitising temperature and holding time, the number of carbides decreases while the grain size and the amount of retained austenite increases. For a given holding time, the hardness increases to a peak and then decreases continuously with the increase of temperature. The metal release test, according to the GB 4806.9-2016 standard, reveals that the metal release concentration is highly affected by the austenitising temperature. The parameters of the austenitising heat treatment, which can achieve the optimum combination of hardness and metal release, were obtained.
Rhythmic Temporal Expectation Boosts Neural Activity by Increasing Neural Gain
Authors: Auksztulewicz Ryszard , Myers Nicholas E. , Schnupp Jan W. , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: October 2019

Temporal orienting improves sensory processing, akin to other top–down biases. However, it is unknown whether these improvements reflect increased neural gain to any stimuli presented at expected time points, or specific tuning to task-relevant stimulus aspects. Furthermore, while other top–down biases are selective, the extent of trade-offs across time is less well characterized. Here, we tested whether gain and/or tuning of auditory frequency processing in humans is modulated by rhythmic temporal expectations, and whether these modulations are specific to time points relevant for task performance. Healthy participants (N= 23) of either sex performed an auditory discrimination task while their brain activity was measured using magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (M/EEG). Acoustic stimulation consisted of sequences of brief distractors interspersed with targets, presented in a rhythmic or jittered way. Target rhythmicity not only improved behavioral discrimination accuracy and M/EEG-based decoding of targets, but also of irrelevant distractors preceding these targets. To explain this finding in terms of increased sensitivity and/or sharpened tuning to auditory frequency, we estimated tuning curves based on M/EEG decoding results, with separate parameters describing gain and sharpness. The effect of rhythmic expectation on distractor decoding was linked to gain increase only, suggesting increased neural sensitivity to any stimuli presented at relevant time points.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBeing able to predict when an event may happen can improve perception and action related to this event, likely due to the alignment of neural activity to the temporal structure of stimulus streams. However, it is unclear whether rhythmic increases in neural sensitivity are specific to task-relevant targets, and whether they competitively impair stimulus processing at unexpected time points. By combining magnetoencephalography and encephalographic recordings, neural decoding of auditory stimulus features, and modeling, we found that rhythmic expectation improved neural decoding of both relevant targets and irrelevant distractors presented and expected time points, but did not competitively impair stimulus processing at unexpected time points. Using a quantitative model, these results were linked to nonspecific neural gain increases due to rhythmic expectation.
Multiple Timescales Account for Adaptive Responses across Sensory Cortices
Authors: Latimer Kenneth W. , Barbera Dylan , Sokoletsky Michael , Awwad Bshara , Katz Yonatan , Nelken Israel , Lampl Ilan , Fairhall Adriene L. , Priebe Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2019

Sensory systems encounter remarkably diverse stimuli in the external environment. Natural stimuli exhibit timescales and amplitudes of variation that span a wide range. Mechanisms of adaptation, a ubiquitous feature of sensory systems, allow for the accommodation of this range of scales. Are there common rules of adaptation across different sensory modalities? We measured the membrane potential responses of individual neurons in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices of male and female mice to discrete, punctate stimuli delivered at a wide range of fixed and nonfixed frequencies. We find that the adaptive profile of the response is largely preserved across these three areas, exhibiting attenuation and responses to the cessation of stimulation, which are signatures of response to changes in stimulus statistics. We demonstrate that these adaptive responses can emerge from a simple model based on the integration of fixed filters operating over multiple time scales.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur recent sensations affect our current expectations and perceptions of the environment. Neural correlates of this process exist throughout the brain and are loosely termed adaptation. Adaptive processes have been described across sensory cortices, but direct comparisons of these processes have not been possible because paradigms have been tailored specifically for each modality. We developed a common stimulus set that was used to characterize adaptation in somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex. We describe here the similarities and differences in adaptation across these cortical areas and demonstrate that adaptive responses may emerge from a set of static filters that operate over a broad range of timescales.
Lack of expression of hepatitis C virus core protein in human monocyte-erived dendritic cells using recombinant semliki forest virus
Authors: Navas Maria-Cristina , Stoll-Keller Françoise , Pavlovic Jovan 
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis C Virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. One proposed mechanism of HCV persistence in the ability to infect hematopoietic cells, including Dendritic cells (DCs). HCV infection of DCs could impair their functions that represent one of the mechanisms, thus hampering viral clearance by the host immune system. Among HCV-encoded proteins, the highly conserved Core protein has been suggested to be responsible for the immunomodulatory properties of this Hepacivirus. Recombinant viral vectors expressing the HCV Core protein and allowing its transduction and therefore the expression of the protein into DCs could be useful tools for the analysis of the properties of the Core protein. Vaccinia Virus and retrovirus have been used to transduce human DCs. Likewise, gene transfer into DCs using Semliki Forest Virus has been reported. This study aimed to express the HCV Core protein in human monocyte-derived DCs using an SFV vector, in which the subgenomic RNA encoding the structural proteins was replaced by the HCV Core sequence and then analyze the effects of its expression on DCs functions.
Synthesizing Argumentation Frameworks from Examples
Authors: Niskanen Andreas , Wallner Johannes , Järvisalo Matti 
Published: October 2019

Argumentation is today a topical area of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Abstract argumentation, with argumentation frameworks (AFs) as the underlying knowledge representation formalism, is a central viewpoint to argumentation in AI. Indeed, from the perspective of AI and computer science, understanding computational and representational aspects of AFs is key in the study of argumentation.
Realizability of AFs has been recently proposed as a central notion for analyzing the expressive power of AFs under different semantics. In this work, we propose and study the AF synthesis problem as a natural extension of realizability, addressing some of the shortcomings arising from the relatively stringent definition of realizability. In particular, realizability gives means of establishing exact conditions on when a given collection of subsets of arguments has an AF with exactly the given collection as its set of extensions under a specific argumentation semantics. However, in various settings within the study of dynamics of argumentation---including revision and aggregation of AFs---non-realizability can naturally occur. To accommodate such settings, our notion of AF synthesis seeks to construct, or synthesize, AFs that are semantically closest to the knowledge at hand even when no AFs exactly representing the knowledge exist. Going beyond defining the AF synthesis problem, we study both theoretical and practical aspects of the problem. In particular, we (i) prove NP-completeness of AF synthesis under several semantics, (ii) study basic properties of the problem in relation to realizability, (iii) develop algorithmic solutions to NP-hard AF synthesis using the constraint optimization paradigms of maximum satisfiability and answer set programming, (iv) empirically evaluate our algorithms on different forms of AF synthesis instances, as well as (v) discuss variants and generalizations of AF synthesis.
Toros Göknarı (Abies cilicica Car.)’nda Yaprak Alan İndeksinin Belirlenmesi: Adana Kozan Yöresi Örneği
Authors: OKTAN Ercan 
Published: October 2019

Yaprak alan indeksi (YAİ), orman ekosistemlerinin temel yapısal karakterlerinin ortaya konmasında önemli faktörlerin başında gelmektedir. Çünkü YAİ meşcerenin tepe çatısında oluşan birçok biyolojik ve fiziksel sürecin değişimini ortaya koyabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, YAİ değerlerinin belirlenmesi ormancılık açısından önem taşımaktadır. YAİ’nin hesaplanmasında doğrudan ve dolaylı birçok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada doğrudan belirlenme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bunun için farklı bakılarda, aynı yükseklik, aynı eğim ve yaklaşık aynı kapalılıkta (0,9-1,0) meşcerelerden toplam 45 adet ağaçtan alınan 180 sürgünde ölçümler yapılmıştır. Buna göre kuzey ve güney olarak farklı bakılardan alınan ağaçlarda yapılan YAİ değerleri farklı (güney bakılardaki ağaçlarda (σ = 0,971) ve kuzey bakılardaki ağaçlarda (σ = 0,93)) bulunmuştur. YAİ değerleri kuzey bakıdan alınan örneklerde daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, silvikültürel müdahalelerin yapılacağı meşcerelerden aynı meşcere yapısında olsa dahi farklı şiddette uygulamaların yapılması gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Solitary wasp diversity (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in different cultivation environments
Authors: Cosme Daiana Carla , Neves Cynthia Maria de Lyra , Badji César Auguste , Ribeiro Patrícia Vieira , Souza Adriane Vieira , Silva Filho José Gomes 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT: Wasps contribute to environmental quality and ecosystem services, and play a key role in the functioning of many environments. The present study identified the diversity of species of solitary wasps that occupied trap-nests in farming environments. as well as the architecture of the nests found. The study focused on three areas of agroecosystem, where 30 blocks of trap-nests, with four diameters (5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm), were installed. A total of 56 nests were occupied by solitary wasps, with the most frequent species being Trypoxylon sp.1 (N=100, 54.9%), Pachodynerus cf. brevithorax (N=31, 17.0%), Trypoxylon sp.2 (N=27, 14.8%) and Caenochrysis nigropolita (N=9, 4.9%). The wasps occupied preferentially the trap-nests of 5 mm and 7 mm in diameter. Six wasp families were recorded, with the most abundant being the Crabronidae with 127 individuals, followed by the family Vespidae (N=36). Reduced number of species was recorded in the study area with frequent use of pesticides, and farming practices, which may damage nesting sites. These findings provide important guidelines for the use of agricultural practices, and emphasize the need for the adoption of effective strategies for the conservation and sustainable management of the populations of these potentially beneficial insects.
KEY-WORD: Conservation, hymenopterans, agroecosystems.
Broadband Ground‐Motion Simulation with Interfrequency Correlations
Authors: Wang Nan , Takedatsu Rumi , Olsen Kim B. , Day Steven M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGround‐motion simulations can be viable alternatives to empirical relations for seismic hazard analysis when data are sparse. Interfrequency correlation is revealed in recorded seismic data, which has implications for seismic risk (Bayless and Abrahamson, 2018a). However, in many cases, simulated ground‐motion time series, in particular those originating from stochastic methods, lack interfrequency correlation. Here, we develop a postprocessing method to rectify simulation techniques that otherwise produce synthetic time histories deficient in an interfrequency correlation structure. An empirical correlation matrix is used in our approach to generate correlated random variables that are multiplied in the frequency domain with the Fourier amplitudes of the synthetic ground‐motion time series. The method is tested using the San Diego State University broadband ground‐motion generation module, which is a broadband ground‐motion generator that combines deterministic low‐frequency and stochastic high‐frequency signals, validated for the median of the spectral acceleration. Using our method, the results for seven western U.S. earthquakes with magnitude between 5.0 and 7.2 show that empirical interfrequency correlations are well simulated for a large number of realizations without biasing the fit of the median of the spectral accelerations to data. The best fit of the interfrequency correlation to data is obtained assuming that the horizontal components are correlated with a correlation coefficient of about 0.7.
El museo imaginario de Jorge Semprún
Authors: Fernández Pérez Carlos 
Published: October 2019

El escritor y político Jorge Semprún sintió desde niño pasión por la pintura. Muchos de sus libros giran alrededor de un cuadro o de un pintor. A lo largo de su vida Semprún construyó un “museo imaginario” que situó en el Museo del Prado y que estaba formado por las obras de Patinir, Velázquez, Goya y Picasso. Ese museo ideal se hizo realidad en la exposición Picasso: tradición y vanguardia (Madrid, 2006), que Semprún había proyectado quince años antes cuando era Ministro de Cultura. En este artículo estudiamos la formación de ese “museo imaginario” y las razones del mismo.
Some Remarks on the Methodological Compulsions in the Studies on Old-Polish Literature
Authors: Czechowicz Agnieszka 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 56 (2008), issue 1.
The paper is a hidden polemic with the texts that have recently been published (not quoted by their names or indicated in the footnotes). These texts have brought forth a diagnosis that there is a delay in terms of methodology with regard to the studies on Old-Polish literature and have postulated their application to the studies on ancient literature. The author formulates her belief that traditional philology is indispensable in the studies on Old-Polish literature with an awareness that there should be a free choice in selecting the method of its interpretation. The text emerges from a protest against the rhetoric of methodological directives formulated under the influence of fashion, ideology, or fatigue with the object of research and from radical distrust to methodological directives as such, and the majority of directives in general.
Dangerous Liaisons, Necessary Liaisons on the “Alternative” Ways of Reading Old Polish Texts
Authors: Bohuszewicz Paweł 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1.
The article Dangerous liaisons, necessary liaisons. On the “alternative” ways of reading Old Polish texts is a polemic with Agnieszka Czechowicz’s text Uwagi o przymusach metodologicznych w badaniach literatury staropolskiej (Remarks on methodological compulsion in studies of Old Polish literature), in which so-called “alternative” methods (Deconstruction, gender, etc.) of reading Old Polish texts are criticized on the basis of the assumption that they deform their true image. The present polemic uses a completely different assumption: there is nothing wrong in using methods coming from outside the context of the studied texts, for the works do not have a certain meaning in itself, but only an “osmotic” meaning. Textual “osmosis” is the almost infinite, but also limited by the semantic potential, openness of the text—not only to the contexts that the author foresaw, but also to the contexts that come from the commentator’s culture, and to whose existence the “alternative methods” may draw our attention.