bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“There Is Never a Peace Time, It Is Just No War Time”
Authors: Gupta Radhika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is no doubt that military occupation of civilian spaces and lives constitutes a fundamental structural violence. This is more easily apprehended in cases where exceptional violence is wrought by security forces on civilian populations, as in the Kashmir Valley in India. How do we grasp the effects of securitization on the political subjectivity of citizen-subjects in the absence of visible violence and overt political critique? This article ethnographically tracks civil-military interactions in Kargil, located on the disputed India-Pakistan borderland, to analyze the normalization of structural violence and the production of affective regimes that defy dichotomies of resistance and submission. These affective regimes are characterized by paradoxical emotions, which are integral to securitized practices of colonization of subject populations. However, it is these very paradoxes that also lend insight into the incomplete hegemony of the military apparatus expressed in ambivalent political subjectivities.
“What Is Your Evidence?”
Authors: Vinea Ana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the notion of evidence (dalil) as it circulates in a revivalist religious therapy in contemporary Egypt to address current transformations of Islamic epistemologies, especially in relation to modern science. It focuses on Quranic healing, a Salafi-oriented therapy of spirit (jinn) exorcism that has become increasingly popular, visible, and debated in the public sphere beginning with the 1980s. By tracing the semantics and pragmatics of Quranic healing's evidentiary regime, the article shows that evidence is situated and crosses two domains of knowledge, bringing together a Salafi episteme that foregrounds unmediated induction from the Quran and sunna and forms of reasoning and practice, such as empiricism and experimentation, that pertain to modern science. In this manner, evidence functions like a hinge notion that hierarchically links the religious and scientific domains, giving precedence to the former over the latter. The article argues that the centrality of evidence in this novel Salafi therapy is indicative of an epistemology that unites Islam and science under a wider theory of knowledge as transparent, egalitarian, and public. This analysis suggests new ways of understanding Salafism beyond common depictions as critical of nontextual sources and intolerant of modern formations.
Antibiotic resistance prediction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from genome sequence data with Mykrobe
Authors: Hunt Martin , Bradley Phelim , Lapierre Simon Grandjean , Heys Simon , Thomsit Mark , Hall Michael B. , Malone Kerri M. , Wintringer Penelope , Walker Timothy M. , Cirillo Daniela M. , Comas Iñaki , Farhat Maha R. , Fowler Phillip , Gardy Jennifer , Ismail Nazir , Kohl Thomas A. , Mathys Vanessa , Merker Matthias , Niemann Stefan , Omar Shaheed Vally , Sintchenko Vitali , Smith Grace , Soolingen Dick van , Supply Philip , Tahseen Sabira , Wilcox Mark , Arandjelovic Irena , Peto Tim E. A. , Crook Derrick W. , Iqbal Zamin 
Published: December 2019

Two billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to 10 million new cases of active tuberculosis and 1.5 million deaths annually. Universal access to drug susceptibility testing (DST) has become a World Health Organization priority. We previously developed a software tool, Mykrobe predictor, which provided offline species identification and drug resistance predictions for M. tuberculosis from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. Performance was insufficient to support the use of WGS as an alternative to conventional phenotype-based DST, due to mutation catalogue limitations. Here we present a new tool, Mykrobe, which provides the same functionality based on a new software implementation. Improvements include i) an updated mutation catalogue giving greater sensitivity to detect pyrazinamide resistance, ii) support for user-defined resistance catalogues, iii) improved identification of non-tuberculous mycobacterial species, and iv) an updated statistical model for Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing data. Mykrobe is released under MIT license at https://github.com/mykrobe-tools/mykrobe. We incorporate mutation catalogues from the CRyPTIC consortium et al. (2018) and from Walker et al. (2015), and make improvements based on performance on an initial set of 3206 and an independent set of 5845 M. tuberculosis Illumina sequences. To give estimates of error rates, we use a prospectively collected dataset of 4362 M. tuberculosis isolates. Using culture based DST as the reference, we estimate Mykrobe to be 100%, 95%, 82%, 99% sensitive and 99%, 100%, 99%, 99% specific for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance prediction respectively. We benchmark against four other tools on 10207 (=5845+4362) samples, and also show that Mykrobe gives concordant results with nanopore data. We measure the ability of Mykrobe-based DST to guide personalized therapeutic regimen design in the context of complex drug susceptibility profiles, showing 94% concordance of implied regimen with that driven by phenotypic DST, higher than all other benchmarked tools.
Postoperative opioid cessation rates based on preoperative opioid use
Authors: Brock J. Logan , Jain Nikhil , Phillips Frank M. , Malik Azeem T. , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: December 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between pre- and postoperative opioid use among patients undergoing common elective orthopaedic procedures Patients and Methods Pre- and postoperative opioid use were studied among patients from a national insurance database undergoing seven common orthopaedic procedures using univariate log-rank tests and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results A total of 98 769 patients were included; 35 701 patients were opioid-naïve, 11 621 used opioids continuously for six months before surgery, and 4558 used opioids continuously for at least six months but did not obtain any prescriptions in the three months before surgery. Among opioid-naïve patients, between 0.76% and 4.53% used opioids chronically postoperatively. Among chronic preoperative users, between 42% and 62% ceased chronic opioids postoperatively. A three-month opioid-free period preoperatively led to a rate of cessation of chronic opioid use between 82% and 93%, as compared with between 31% and 50% with continuous preoperative use (p < 0.001 for significant changes in opioid use before and after surgery in each procedure). Between 5.6 and 20.0 preoperative chronic users ceased chronic use for every new chronic opioid user. Risk factors for chronic postoperative use included chronic preoperative opioid use (odds ratio (OR) 4.84 to 39.75; p < 0.0001) and depression (OR 1.14 to 1.55; p < 0.05 except total hip arthroplasty). With a three-month opioid-free period before surgery, chronic preoperative opioids elevated the risk of chronic opioid use only mildly, if at all (OR 0.47 to 1.75; p < 0.05 for total shoulder arthroplasty, rotator cuff repair, and carpal tunnel release). Conclusion Chronic preoperative opioid use increases the risk of chronic postoperative use, but an opioid-free period before surgery decreases this risk compared with continuous preoperative use Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1570–1577
Long-term outcome of fusion for degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine
Authors: Endler Peter , Ekman Per , Berglund Ivan , Möller Hans , Gerdhem Paul 
Published: December 2019

Aims Chronic low back pain due to degenerative disc disease is sometimes treated with fusion. We compared the outcome of three different fusion techniques in the Swedish Spine Register: noninstrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF), instrumented posterolateral fusion (IPLF), and interbody fusion (IBF). Patients and Methods A total of 2874 patients who were operated on at one or two lumbar levels were followed for a mean of 9.2 years (3.6 to 19.1) for any additional lumbar spine surgery. Patient-reported outcome data were available preoperatively (n = 2874) and at one year (n = 2274), two years (n = 1958), and a mean of 6.9 years (n = 1518) postoperatively and consisted of global assessment and visual analogue scales of leg and back pain, Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol five-dimensional index, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and satisfaction with treatment. Statistical analyses were performed with competing-risks proportional hazards regression or analysis of covariance, adjusted for baseline variables. Results The number of patients with additional surgery were 32/183 (17%) in the PLF group, 229/1256 (18%) in the IPLF group, and 439/1435 (31%) in the IBF group. With the PLF group as a reference, the hazard ratio for additional lumbar surgery was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 1.72) for the IPLF group and 2.13 (95% CI 1.45 to 3.12) for the IBF group. All patient-reported outcomes improved after surgery (p < 0.001) but were without statistically significant differences between the groups at the one-, two- and 6.9-year follow-ups (all p ≥ 0.12). Conclusion The addition of interbody fusion to posterolateral fusion was associated with a higher risk for additional surgery and showed no advantages in patient-reported outcome Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1526–1533
No effect on functional outcome after repair of pronator quadratus in volar plating of distal radial fractures: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sonntag Jesper , Woythal Linn , Rasmussen Per , Branner Ulrik , Hølmer Per , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Lange Kai H. W. , Brorson Stig 
Published: December 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in functional outcome after repair and non-repair of the pronator quadratus muscle in patients undergoing surgical treatment for a distal radial fracture with volar plating. Patients and Methods A total of 72 patients with a distal radial fracture were included in this randomized clinical trial. They were allocated to have the pronator quadratus muscle repaired or not, after volar locked plating of a distal radial fracture. The patients, the assessor, the primary investigator, and the statistician were blinded to the allocation. Randomization was irreversibly performed using a web application that guaranteed a secure and tamper-free assignment. The primary outcome measure was the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, pronation strength, grip strength, the range of pronation and supination, complications, and the operating time. Results Of the 72 patients, 63 (87.5%) completed follow-up for the primary outcome measure: 31 (86.1%) from the non-repair group and 32 (88.9%) from the repair group. At the 12-month follow-up, the mean difference in PRWE of 5.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.02 to 14.96) between the repair (mean 18.38 (95% CI 10.34 to 26.41)) and non-repair group (mean 12.90 (95% CI 7.55 to 18.25)) was not statistically significant (p = 0.253). There was a statistically significant difference between pronation strength, favouring non-repair. We found no difference in the other secondary outcomes. Conclusion We found that repairing pronator quadratus made no difference to the clinical outcome, 12 months after volar plating of a distal radial fracture. We conclude that there is no functional advantage in repairing this muscle under these circumstances and advise against it. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1498–1505
Results of growth-friendly management of early-onset scoliosis in children with and without skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Helenius Ilkka J. , Saarinen Antti J. , White Klane K. , McClung Anna , Yazici Muharrem , Garg Sumeet , Thompson George H. , Johnston Charles E. , Pahys Joshua M. , Vitale Michael G. , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: December 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the surgical and quality-of-life outcomes of children with skeletal dysplasia to those in children with idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (EOS) undergoing growth-friendly management. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of two prospective multicentre EOS databases identified 33 children with skeletal dysplasia and EOS (major curve ≥ 30°) who were treated with growth-friendly instrumentation at younger than ten years of age, had a minimum two years of postoperative follow-up, and had undergone three or more lengthening procedures. From the same registries, 33 matched controls with idiopathic EOS were identified. A total of 20 children in both groups were treated with growing rods and 13 children were treated with vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) instrumentation. Results Mean preoperative major curves were 76° (34° to 115°) in the skeletal dysplasia group and 75° (51° to 113°) in the idiopathic group (p = 0.55), which were corrected at final follow-up to 49° (13° to 113°) and 46° (12° to 112°; p = 0.68), respectively. T1-S1 height increased by a mean of 36 mm (0 to 105) in the skeletal dysplasia group and 38 mm (7 to 104) in the idiopathic group at the index surgery (p = 0.40), and by 21 mm (1 to 68) and 46 mm (7 to 157), respectively, during the distraction period (p = 0.0085). The skeletal dysplasia group had significantly worse scores in the physical function, daily living, financial impact, and parent satisfaction preoperatively, as well as on financial impact and child satisfaction at final follow-up, than the idiopathic group (all p < 0.05). The domains of the 24-Item Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ24) remained at the same level from preoperative to final follow-up in the skeletal dysplasia group (all p > 0.10). Conclusion Children with skeletal dysplasia gained significantly less spinal growth during growth-friendly management of their EOS and their health-related quality of life was significantly lower both preoperatively and at final follow-up than in children with idiopathic EOS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1563–1569
Inclusive Outcomes for Social Entrepreneurs With Intellectual Disability: “What Happens When They Act”
Authors: Caldwell Kate , Harris Sarah Parker , Renko Maija 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Social entrepreneurship is a growing trend, reflecting a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship as viable employment option for people with intellectual disability (ID). Entrepreneurship is intended to promote autonomy, reduce dependence on entitlement-based services, and reduce employment disparities while stimulating business and job creation. It is not well understood what this means for people with ID involved in social entrepreneurship. Dyadic interviews were conducted with people with ID participating in social entrepreneurship (n = 7) as well as their key support person (n = 7). Interviews focused on understanding outcomes in social entrepreneurship for people with ID, or “what happens when they act.” In particular, this article explores perceptions of profit/self-sufficiency, growth, and social innovation to challenge how outcomes have been traditionally assessed.
Phase retrieval based on the vectorial model of point spread function
Authors: Hieu Thao Nguyen , Soloviev Oleg , Verhaegen Michel 
Published: December 2019

We present an efficient phase retrieval approach for imaging systems with high numerical aperture based on the vectorial model of the point spread function. The algorithm is in the class of alternating minimization methods and can be adjusted for applications with either known or unknown amplitude of the field in the pupil. The algorithm outperforms existing solutions for high-numerical-aperture phase retrieval: (1) the generalization of the method of Hanser et al., based on extension of the scalar diffraction theory by representing the out-of-focus diversity applied to the image by a spherical cap, and (2) the method of Braat et al., which assumes through the use of extended Nijboer–Zernike expansion the phase to be smooth. The former is limited in terms of accuracy due to model deviations, while the latter is of high computational complexity and excludes phase retrieval problems where the phase is discontinuous or sparse. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the efficiency, robustness, and practicability of the proposed algorithm in various practically relevant simulations.
Beyond dipolar Huygens’ metasurfaces for full-phase coverage and unity transmittance
Authors: Rahimzadegan Aso , Arslan Dennis , Dams David , Groner Achim , Garcia-Santiago Xavi , Alaee Rasoul , Fernandez-Corbaton Ivan , Pertsch Thomas , Staude Isabelle , Rockstuhl Carsten 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Metasurfaces made from densely packed resonant wavelength-scale particles enable abrupt modulation of impinging electromagnetic radiation within an ultrathin surface. Combining duality symmetry of particles and rotational symmetry of their arrangement led to the development of Huygens’ metasurfaces with perfect transmission. However, so far, when identical particles are considered, only their dipolar multipolar contributions are engineered. There, the achievable phase coverage at a fixed wavelength when modifying the period is smaller than 2π, being a clear limitation for applications. To lift such limitation, we consider dipolar-quadrupolar Huygens’ metasurfaces. They consist of scatterers that require a dipolar and a quadrupolar term to capture their response. We show that such metasurfaces offer access to the desired 2π phase coverage while preserving the perfect efficiency when the conditions of duality and symmetry continue to be met. We also propose core-multishell and disk-multiring particles made from realistic materials to meet the requirements and that can be used to build such metasurfaces. Our results are important as a theoretical basis for large-scale fabrications in imaging and integrated optics.
Physical origin of chemical periodicities in the system of elements
Authors: Cao Chang-Su , Hu Han-Shi , Li Jun , Schwarz W. H. Eugen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Periodic Law, one of the great discoveries in human history, is magnificent in the art of chemistry. Different arrangements of chemical elements in differently shaped Periodic Tables serve for different purposes. “Can this Periodic Table be derived from quantum chemistry or physics?” can only be answered positively, if the internal structure of the Periodic Table is explicitly connected to facts and data from chemistry. Quantum chemical rationalization of such a Periodic Tables is achieved by explaining the details of energies and radii of atomic core and valence orbitals in the leading electron configurations of chemically bonded atoms. The coarse horizontal pseudo-periodicity in seven rows of 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32 members is triggered by the low energy of and large gap above the 1s and nsp valence shells (2 ≤ n ≤ 6 !). The pseudo-periodicity, in particular the wavy variation of the elemental properties in the four longer rows, is due to the different behaviors of the s and p vs. d and f pairs of atomic valence shells along the ordered array of elements. The so-called secondary or vertical periodicity is related to pseudo-periodic changes of the atomic core shells. The Periodic Law of the naturally given System of Elements describes the trends of the many chemical properties displayed inside the Chemical Periodic Tables. While the general physical laws of quantum mechanics form a simple network, their application to the unlimited field of chemical materials under ambient ‘human’ conditions results in a complex and somewhat accidental structure inside the Table that fits to some more or less symmetric outer shape. Periodic Tables designed after some creative concept for the overall appearance are of interest in non-chemical fields of wisdom and art.
A new theoretical model for hexagonal ice, Ih(d), from first principles investigations
Authors: Jovanović Dušica , Zagorac Dejan , Schön J. Christian , Milovanović Branislav , Zagorac Jelena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to their great importance in science, technology, and the life sciences, water and ice have been extensively investigated over many years. In particular, hexagonal ice Ih has been of great interest since it is the most common form of ice, and several modifications, Ih(a), Ih(b) and Ih(c) are known, whose structural details are still under discussion. In this study, we present an alternative theoretical model, called Ih(d), for the hexagonal ice modification in space group P63/mmc (no. 194), based on first-principles calculations that have been performed using DFT-LDA, GGA-PBE, and hybrid B3LYP and PBE0 functionals.
Structural characterization and Raman spectrum of Cs[OCN]
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Schulz Armin , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The compound Cs[OCN] has been synthesized and its crystal structure and Raman spectrum were determined on selected single crystals. As postulated in earlier work, the title compound crystallizes isopointal to KN3 exhibiting the space group I4/mcm (no. 140, Z = 4) with the lattice parameters a = 653.79(2) and c = 799.42(5) pm. The Raman spectrum verified the nature of the triatomic moiety and shows the frequencies typical for an [OCN]− anion with Fermi resonance between the 2δ and the ν
sym vibrations. The undisturbed frequencies and the resulting force constants have been calculated and compared to those of other alkali metal compounds containing comparable linear triatomic anions.
A New Theory of Gender Dysphoria Incorporating the Distress, Social Behavioral, and Body-Ownership Networks
Authors: Gliske Stephen V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen postmortem studies related to transgender individuals were first published, little was known about the function of the various identified nuclei. Now, over 2 decades later, significant progress has been made associating function with specific brain regions, as well as in identifying networks associated with groups of behaviors. However, much of this progress has not been integrated into the general conceptualization of gender dysphoria in humans. I hypothesize that in individuals with gender dysphoria, the aspects of chronic distress, gender atypical behavior, and incongruence between perception of gender identity and external primary sex characteristics are all directly related to functional differences in associated brain networks. I evaluated previously published neuroscience data related to these aspects and the associated functional networks, along with other relevant information. I find that the brain networks that give individuals their ownership of body parts, that influence gender typical behavior, and that are involved in chronic distress are different in individuals with and without gender dysphoria, leading to a new theory—that gender dysphoria is a sensory perception condition, an alteration in the sense of gender influenced by the reflexive behavioral responses associated with each of these networks. This theory builds upon previous work that supports the relevance of the body-ownership network and that questions the relevance of cerebral sexual dimorphism in regard to gender dysphoria. However, my theory uses a hierarchical executive function model to incorporate multiple reflexive factors (body ownership, gender typical/atypical behavior, and chronic distress) with the cognitive, reflective process of gender identity.