bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elements of disenchantment: Exploring the development of academic disenchantment among US engineering graduate students
Authors: Shanachilubwa Kanembe , Sallai Gabriella , Berdanier Catherine G. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven high attrition rates and lack of interest in faculty careers, it is crucial to understand how doctoral engineering students conceptualize academia and academic careers.Purpose/HypothesisThis study aims to characterize the development of academic disenchantment among engineering students who have considered departure from their doctoral programs. Schema theory was used to explore how students develop and evolve in their conceptualizations of academia through their lived experiences.Design/MethodData were collected from 42 graduate students from research‐intensive universities across the United States who participated in qualitative, semi‐structured interviews investigating expectations for graduate school, experiences, attrition and persistence considerations, and career trajectories. The transcripts were thematically analyzed through open and axial coding to understand how students constructed their schemas of the academy.FindingsExperiences and quotations of four participants are presented to describe the results of the transcripts. Participants' misaligned expectations of their graduate program's values and practices, coupled with a lack of agency and support, led them to see their graduate programs as antagonistic to their short‐ and long‐term career success. Even for students who may likely persist through to PhD degree completion, the development of disenchantment dissuades students—even those who once desired a faculty career—from interest in the academy.ConclusionsBy understanding how disenchantment arose in our participants' experiences, we better understand how to equip students with resources that will help them navigate graduate programs. This research advances the literature by identifying underutilized opportunities to prepare students to cope with the challenges of engineering doctoral education.
An empirically grounded analytical approach to hog farm finishing stage management: Deep reinforcement learning as decision support and managerial learning tool
Authors: Kouvelis Panos , Liu Ye , Turcic Danko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn hog farming, optimizing hog sales is a complex challenge due to uncertain factors, such as hog availability, market prices, and operating costs. This study uses a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to model these decisions, revealing the importance of the final weeks in profit management. The MDP's intractability due to the curse of dimensionality leads us to employ Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for optimization. Using real‐world and synthetic data, our DRL model outperforms existing practices. However, it lacks interpretability, hindering trust and legal compliance in the food industry. To address this, we introduce “managerial learning,” extracting actionable insights from DRL outputs using classification trees that would have been difficult to obtain otherwise. We leverage these insights to devise a smart heuristic that significantly beats the heuristic currently used in practice. This study has broader implications for operations management, where DRL can solve complex dynamic optimization problems that are often intractable due to dimensionality. By applying methods, such as classification trees and DRL, one can scrutinize solutions for actionable managerial insights that can enhance existing practices with straightforward planning guidelines.
Lack of association between revision ACL reconstruction and preoperative, intraoperative and post‐operative factors at primary ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents
Authors: Cristiani Riccardo , Hansson Frida , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Helito Camilo P. , Samuelsson Kristian , Eriksson Karl 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate factors associated with revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) within 5 years of primary ACLR in children and adolescents.MethodsChildren and adolescents (age <20 years at surgery) who underwent primary hamstring tendon ACLR at the Capio Artro Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 2005 and December 2018 were identified. Revision ACLR within 5 years of primary ACLR was captured in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between revision ACLR and preoperative (age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to surgery, pre‐injury Tegner activity level, medial collateral ligament injury, passive contralateral knee hyperextension [≤−5°]), intraoperative (medial meniscus and lateral meniscus [LM] resection or repair, cartilage injury and graft diameter) and post‐operative (KT‐1000 side‐to‐side anterior knee laxity, limb symmetry index for extension and flexion strength and single‐leg‐hop (SLH) test performance at 6 months) factors at primary ACLR.ResultsA total of 1888 patients (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0, range: 8–19 years) who underwent primary ACLR were included. The overall incidence of revision ACLR within 5 years was 9.0% (170 out of 1888). Univariable analysis revealed that a time from injury to primary ACLR of <5 months (odds ratio [OR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61–2.35, p < 0.001) and LM resection (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.00–2.20, p = 0.04) increased the odds of revision ACLR. Multivariable analysis showed that revision ACLR was significantly associated only with a time from injury to primary ACLR of <5 months (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.72–3.70, p < 0.001).ConclusionThere was a lack of association between revision ACLR and preoperative, intraoperative and post‐operative factors at primary ACLR in children and adolescents. A time from injury to primary ACLR of <5 months was the only factor associated with revision ACLR within 5 years.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Gender equity as a key element for agroecological transitions: Neo‐rural women as managers of agroecological initiatives
Authors: Vizuete Beatriz , García‐Llorente Marina , Pérez‐Ramírez Irene , Oteros‐Rozas Elisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gender equity is considered to be a key element for the agroecological transitions of agri‐food systems and sustainable transformation of socioecological systems. Many women have recently become agroecological farmers. Few studies have examined this phenomenon and its potential implications for the agri‐food system and in rural areas, where men's experiences are still considered to be universal, from a gender‐focused perspective.

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 women leading agroecological initiatives in the Madrid region and performed content and critical discourse analyses of the interview transcripts to examine: (1) the women's motivations for agroecological project initiation; (2) the influences of the project composition, women's marital status and their trajectories in agroecological initiatives; and (3) the barriers they face and strategies they have developed to overcome difficulties.

All interviewees highlighted political and lifestyle motivations, that is, based on environmental and agroecological ideals, such as liking to work closely with nature generating positive impacts on the territory and the pleasure of doing what they wanted. Motivations and barriers varied according to origin; neo‐rural women faced the most difficulties, although all interviewees reported gender‐specific barriers.

We propose pathways to integrate the plurality of actors and values and to promote new rural identities that fall from traditional stereotypes to enhance gender equity and move towards a true agroecological transition.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
“Please list your favourite …”: How to measure online plant knowledge as a component of plant awareness
Authors: Sõukand Renata , Kohv Andres , Prakofjewa Julia , Kukk Toomas , Kalle Raivo 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementPlant awareness disparity is a widespread phenomenon in modern societies. It erroneously implies that plants are not necessary for humans. Understanding what plants people know and can describe is crucial for evaluating one of four central aspects of plant awareness disparity. This study proposes a new methodology for assessing the knowledge of plants online by analysing the vocabulary used to name and describe plants. Despite the high number of listed plants, both names and vocabulary used to describe plants were homogenised and limited. Educational effort is needed to enhance plant vocabulary so that plants can become the subject of conversation.Summary
This study addresses the methodological gap in plant awareness studies by examining adult knowledge of plants from eco‐semiotic and quantitative linguistic perspectives. Understanding what plants people know and can describe and how they do this is crucial for bridging the gap in plant knowledge and addressing plant awareness disparity.
The novel methodology involved analysing responses from an online questionnaire distributed to residents of Tartu, Estonia. The questionnaire covered various aspects of plant knowledge, including the ability to list, describe and explain the importance of different plant categories: wild trees and shrubs, wild herbs and cultivated trees and shrubs. Data analysis included word count, contextual analysis and mapping of plant‐related vocabulary used by participants.
The study found significant diversity in the plants named by 149 adult participants, with 74 wild tree taxa and 225 wild herb taxa mentioned. Cultivated trees and shrubs were also widely recognised (168 taxa). Most descriptions focused on plant parts such as leaves and flowers, demonstrating rather poor vocabulary. The analysis highlighted the influence of personal experiences, cultural practices and educational background on plant knowledge.
The results indicate robust plant knowledge among the study's participants, likely influenced by Local Ecological Knowledge and comprehensive school curricula on botany. However, the study also detected a homogenisation of plant knowledge, potentially due to educational and popularisation efforts. The methodology demonstrated the potential of using linguistic analysis to understand plant knowledge and awareness, offering insights into enhancing plant‐related education.
Variable Valence Ce‐Based Cs2CeAgBr6 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Highly Selective Photoconversion of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Guo Sai‐Nan , Dong Yan‐Jun , Qiao Meng , Wang Dan , Wang Jie‐Xin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskites demonstrate outstanding luminescent characteristics. However, the inclusion of lead components restricts their extensive utilization. Halide perovskite materials, formulated as A2M(III)M(I)X6 or A2M(IV)X6, possess the potential to serve as stable and eco‐friendly substitutes for optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, their wide bandgap (>3 eV) hinders the practical implementation across various domains. Here, the variable valence Ce‐based Cs₂CeAgBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are first synthesized with a bandgap of 2.65 eV. Intriguingly, the coexistence of trivalent and tetravalent Ce can cause localized spin of the f‐layer electrons of Ce, leading to Ce3+/4+ (the Ce valence state ranges between III and IV) defects. By manipulating trivalent and tetravalent Ce source proportions, a dual Ce‐based perovskite achieves a minimal Ce3+/4+ defect content of 1.4%. The as‐prepared Cs₂CeAgBr₆ NCs exhibit exceptional efficiency in CO2 reduction driven by sunlight, with a CH4 selectivity greater than 70% and a super high charge transfer rate of 802.5 µmol·g−1 h−1, far surpassing previously reported findings. Additionally, theoretical calculations have elucidated the photocatalytic mechanism involved in CO₂ reduction. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to stimulate design and fabrication of novel lead‐free perovskite nanocrystals.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Plant Photodynamic Seed Sterilization
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Liu Lan , Kang Shengmei , Yan Yong , Zheng Zheng , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPathogen‐carrying seeds can significantly impact plant growth and development and may lead to serious public health incidents. Modern agriculture heavily relies on synthetic chemical microbicides and physical methods to eradicate pathogens transmitted by plant seeds. To counteract the misuse of microbicides, a class of cationic amphiphilic aggregate‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are developed as photodynamic seed sterilization agents. AIEgens function as antimicrobial agents in seed treatment. These materials are engineered to specifically bind to pathogenic microorganisms on seed surfaces. Furthermore, when combined with photodynamic therapy, AIEgens can be activated to produce reactive oxygen species that selectively destroy pathogens. Sterilization experiments with tomato seeds carrying Pseudomonas syringae and mung bean seeds carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrate that AIEgens can effectively eliminate both plant and animal pathogens carried by seeds. Therefore, AIEgens offer a promising solution for preventing the spread of seed‐borne pathogens.
Achieving Enhanced High‐Temperature Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries via Salt‐Inspired Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Han Seung Hee , Kim Donguk , Lee Gihoon , Baek Kyungeun , Kang Seok Ju , Son Bumsuk , Shin Jaewook , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrolyte additive engineering enables the creation of long‐lasting interfacial layers that protect electrodes, thus extending the lifetime of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries employing Ni‐rich Li[Ni1–x–yCoxMny]O2 (NCM) cathodes. However, batteries face various limitations if existing additives are employed alone without an appropriate combination. Herein, the study reports the development of a molecular‐engineered salt‐type multifunctional additive, lithium bis(phosphorodifluoridate) triethylammonium ethenesulfonate (LiPENS), that leverages the different functionalities of phosphorous, nitrogen, and sulfur‐embedded motifs, as well as the classical additive vinylene carbonate (VC), to construct protective interfacial layers. The thermally and electrochemically reinforced solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), achieved through the combined use of LiPENS and VC, conserves the lithiation level of the Graphite (Gr) anode with minimal SEI growth, whereas the inorganic‐rich cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) alleviates the irrevocable phase transition and mechanical fragility of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) secondary particles. The multifunctional roles of LiPENS are demonstrated in an NCM811/Gr full cell, showing a discharge capacity of 190.7 mAh g−1 with an enhanced capacity retention of 91.8% at 1 C and 45 °C after 300 cycles. This advancement in electrolyte additive engineering based on salt structures can lead to more efficient, reliable, and commercially viable batteries for high‐energy applications, including electric vehicles and portable electronics.
Weak Spots in Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Isolated Defects Toward Directed Nanoscale Assemblies
Authors: Shamraienko Volodymyr , Friedrich Rico , Subakti Subakti , Lubk Axel , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe chemical engineering of nanostructures with atomic‐scale precision is a fundamental scientific challenge. Cation exchange reactions in nanoplatelets (NPLs) offer an attractive platform for this precision chemistry, as it is relatively simple to carry out, extremely versatile, and allows the production of heterogeneous nanostructures that cannot be produced by any other means. A major hindrance has, however, been the lack of knowledge of the “weak spots” of the platelets where the ionic exchange reaction is initiated to optimally control the process toward directed nanoscale assemblies. Here, mercury selenide formation in cadmium selenide NPLs is investigated. The study of Cd(1‐n)HgnSe NPLs using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) pinpoints at the corners (vertices) and edges of the NPLs as the exchanged sites. Comprehensive first principles density functional calculations of Hg substitution energies in a hierarchy of models of four monolayers (ML) CdSe NPL stabilized with acetate ligands unambiguously underscore that the energetically preferred exchange positions are platelet corners — in line with the experimental findings. The results thus not only explain in detail how the cation exchange process in 2D CdSe NPLs is kicked‐off, but also establish an arena for future studies in 2D nanomaterials reaching far beyond these reactions.
Faux Feminisms: Why feminism is a fight against oppression, not an individual cause
Authors: Arnett Autumn A. 
Published: December 2024

In her forthcoming book, Faux Feminisms: Why We Fall for White Feminism and How We Can Stop, Serene Khader, Jay Newman Chair in Philosophy of Culture at Brooklyn College, New York, and Professor of Philosophy and Women's and Gender Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center, sets out to reframe the feminist movement as one for the collective advancement of all women.
Coastal Storm Risk Reduction Using Steel Mesh Revetments: Field Application and Preliminary Physical Experiments
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Sheibani Mahan , Luis-Fonseca Roberto J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study coastal storm risk reduction using a steel mesh revetment system known as Tecco Cell (TC). This system consists of high-tensile stainless steel mesh filled with rock and securely fastened with tension rods. This coastal defence system is implemented in Beesands (UK), and its performance is studied here through preliminary laboratory physical modelling. The TC revetment in Beesands was installed in 2016 and has effectively protected the coast since then. We conducted 32 physical tests to assess performance criteria of a TC model in comparison to a rock armour (RA) model. Wave runup is used as the performance criterion in this study, as it is one of the key factors in coastal risk reduction research. Results showed that the TC model consistently yielded smaller runup than the RA model, with an average runup reduction of 15%. The mean spectral ratio index was employed as a measure of wave reflection and oscillations. Results indicated a mean index of 20.5 for the RA model and 3.8 for the TC model, demonstrating the potential for higher stability with the TC revetment. We established relationships between dimensionless runup and surf similarity and formulated a runup law.
Internet of Things: a comprehensive overview, architectures, applications, simulation tools, challenges and future directions
Authors: Choudhary Anita 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) evolved as a new paradigm and gained a lot of traction in the wireless telecommunications industry. It changed the traditional way of living into a high-tech lifestyle through the integration of intelligent devices, applications, and technologies that automate everything around us. The IoT is anticipated to connect physical objects to facilitate intelligent decision making in the future years. Several studies have been conducted to improve IoT technology. To fully realize the potential of IoT, numerous problems and issues remain to be addressed. IoT challenges and issues must be addressed from multiple perspectives, including applications, supporting technology, and social and environmental implications. This review paper aims to provide a full discussion from both technological and social perspectives. The paper highlights several challenges and critical aspects in IoT, architecture, and its application fields. A generic architecture of IoT is proposed with its enabling technologies to highlight the uses of each layer and technologies that implemented in it. Market opportunities are a highlight that helps to understand the growth of IoT. Further, the functional blocks and working of IoT is discussed, so the researchers take interest in its implementation. Also, a detailed discussion on IoT fields and it’s uncovered challenges are highlighted. A brief overview of existing simulators and their functionalities is discussed, so that researchers can easily select the simulator as per their targeted objectives. In addition, major issues are highlighted that should be addressed by the scientific community. Finally, the significance of this research is to understand fundamentals of IoT architecture as well as a complete review in order to delve deeper into the difficulties and devise appropriate solutions.
Look Back to Live Ahead: Connecting the Power of Museums and Journalism for a Stronger Democracy
Authors: Kebede-Twumasi Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Museums and news organizations make up major parts of the structure that maintains an informed community essential to democracy. As resources for both of these institutions dwindle, it’s more important than ever for these sectors to work together toward their common goals – not only with each other, but with their respective communities in ways that are collaborative and egalitarian. The following outlines Civil Wrongs, a program started at the University of Memphis Department of Journalism and Strategic Media in 2022, as an emerging example of how these institutions can work together and learn from each other for the sake of a more informed community. Civil Wrongs is both a journalistic project of the nonprofit Institute for Public Service Reporting, and an academic class for junior and senior college students from multiple disciplines, including journalism, history, and political science. Through narrative podcasting, the program aims to examine past cases of racial terror in the Mid-South and analyze their connection to present-day injustices. It is a break from the traditional journalistic model that focuses solely on the present with little historical context and therefore naturally creates a bridge to museums that are grounded in history education.
Sceptical theism undermines the fine-tuning argument. Mostly
Authors: Donahue Miles K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
After outlining sceptical theism (ST) and the fine-tuning argument (FTA), I demonstrate how arguments for the former undercut the latter. I then consider and reject three recent proposals for ameliorating the conflict: positive ST, considerations about normative superiors, and appeal to theistic metaethics. I contend, however, that Kirk Durston’s complexity argument for ST does not undercut the FTA but in fact supports it. In defending that thesis, I respond to Climenhaga’s contention that ST undermines all warrant for theistic belief, the FTA included.
Vocabulary trajectories in German-speaking children from 18 months to three years: a growth mixture model
Authors: Pinstock Eveline , Schramm Satyam Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Children acquire vocabulary at different growth rates. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of different vocabulary trajectories in a community sample of L1 German-speaking children aged 1;6 to 3;0 to enlarge the understanding of vocabulary trajectories. Parents filled out vocabulary checklists at four measurement times, each six months apart. Growth mixture modelling was used to naturally determine latent classes of observed vocabulary growth curve patterns. Six distinct trajectories of vocabulary growth were identified and characterised. Children’s (N=198) vocabulary abilities were divided into the following subgroups: “far above average” (2.0%), “above average” (6.6%), “typical” (70.2%), “below average” (14.1%), “early below average" but caught up with their peers over time (5.6%), and “far below average” (1.5%). Socioeconomic status differed significantly between subgroups.