bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought stress alters floral volatiles and reduces floral rewards, pollinator activity, and seed set in a global plant
Authors: Rering Caitlin C. , Franco Jose G. , Yeater Kathleen M. , Mallinger Rachel E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlant–pollinator interactions are mediated by floral signals and by the quantity and quality of floral rewards. Biotic and abiotic disturbances can influence plant reproductive success through both direct effects on plant performance and indirect effects on pollinator attraction. In this study, we examined the effects of drought on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moensch), a globally cultivated plant that is prone to drought stress, dependent on insect pollinators for reproduction, and increasingly utilized in on‐farm conservation. Between drought‐stressed and control plants, we compared: nectar quantity and chemical composition, pollen quantity, floral volatile emissions, visits by both managed and wild pollinators, and plant reproductive success. Drought‐stressed plants produced significantly fewer flowers and less nectar per flower, though pollen quantity per flower was unaffected. Nectar from drought‐stressed plants had a lower proportion of sucrose relative to total sugars, though overall sugar concentration was unaffected. Significantly fewer bumble bees, honey bees, and flies were recorded on drought‐stressed plants. While there was no significant difference in the quantity of total floral volatile emissions, volatile compositions differed, with drought‐stressed plants having higher emissions of (Z)‐3‐hexenol, isobutyraldehyde, 2‐methylbutanal, and 3‐methylbutanal. Finally, drought stress had negative effects on seed set and total seed mass per plant. Our results show that drought stress can have significant effects on floral traits and pollinator attraction, reducing plant reproductive success, and the nectar resources available to pollinators. Thus, the potential value of this plant in pollinator conservation and as a honey plant may be reduced under drought stress.
Qishen Yiqi dripping pills for chronic ischaemic heart failure: results of the CACT‐IHF randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mao Jingyuan , Zhang Jian , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Zhu Mingjun , Yao Chen , Chen Shutao , Liu Zhongyong , Wang Fengrong , Wang Yonggang , Dai Xiaohua , Niu Tianfu , An Dongqing , Miao Yang , Xu Tao , Dong Bo , Ma Xiaofeng , Zhang Fengru , Wang Xiaolong , Fan Ruihong , Zhao Yingqiang , Jiang Tiemin , Zhang Yuhui , Wang Xianliang , Hou Yazhu , Zhao Zhiqiang , Su Quan , Zhang Junhua , Wang Baohe , Zhang Boli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsQishen Yiqi dripping pills (QSYQ) may be beneficial in patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of QSYQ administered together with guideline‐directed medical therapy in patients with IHF.Methods and resultsThis prospective randomized, double‐blind, multicentre placebo‐controlled study enrolled 640 patients with IHF between March 2012 and August 2014. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 6 months of QSYQ or placebo in addition to standard treatment. The primary outcome was 6 min walking distance at 6 months. Among the 638 IHF patients (mean age 65 years, 72% men), the 6 min walking distance increased from 336.15 ± 100.84 to 374.47 ± 103.09 m at 6 months in the QSYQ group, compared with 334.40 ± 100.27 to 340.71 ± 104.57 m in the placebo group (mean change +38.32 vs. +6.31 m respectively; P < 0.001). The secondary outcomes in composite clinical events, including all‐cause mortality and emergency treatment/hospitalization due to heart failure, were non‐significantly lower at 6 months with QSYQ compared with placebo (13% vs. 17%; P = 0.45), and the change of brain natriuretic peptide was non‐significantly greater with QSYQ compared with placebo (median change −14.55 vs. −12.30 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.21). By contrast, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score significantly improved with QSYQ compared with placebo (−11.78 vs. −9.17; P = 0.004). Adverse events were minor and infrequent with QSYQ, similar to the placebo group.ConclusionsTreatment with QSYQ for 6 months in addition to standard therapy improved exercise tolerance of IHF patients and was well tolerated.
Thermal management performance of cavity cold plates for pouch Li‐ion batteries using in electric vehicles
Authors: Wang Tong , Zhang Xin , Zeng Qingliang , Gao Kuidong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cold plate cooling system has become one of the most practical and promising Li‐ion battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles. The existing cold plate has complex structure with high production cost, and the energy consumption is relatively high. In this paper, a detailed optimization study of cavity cold plate is carried out. The heat generation data of the pouch Li‐ion batteries were obtained through experiments, and the data were applied to the finite element method simulation of the cavity cold plate thermal management system. The effects of cavity cold plate thickness (d1), cold plate inlet and outlet width (d2), and inlet coolant mass flow rate on battery temperature and cold plate pressure drop were discussed. The results showed that the optimization allowed the cavity cold plate to control the battery maximum temperature within 40°C and temperature difference within 5°C. Under the same volume of cold plates, the average pressure drop reduction rates of models where Δd (the difference between d1 and d2) is 1 mm are 65% higher than that of the models where d2 is 1 mm. This study has practical significance for improving the design efficiency of cavity cold plate.
Bayesian geomorphology
Authors: Korup Oliver 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe rapidly growing amount and diversity of data are confronting us more than ever with the need to make informed predictions under uncertainty. The adverse impacts of climate change and natural hazards also motivate our search for reliable predictions. The range of statistical techniques that geomorphologists use to tackle this challenge has been growing, but rarely involves Bayesian methods. Instead, many geomorphic models rely on estimated averages that largely miss out on the variability of form and process. Yet seemingly fixed estimates of channel heads, sediment rating curves or glacier equilibrium lines, for example, are all prone to uncertainties. Neighbouring scientific disciplines such as physics, hydrology or ecology have readily embraced Bayesian methods to fully capture and better explain such uncertainties, as the necessary computational tools have advanced greatly. The aim of this article is to introduce the Bayesian toolkit to scientists concerned with Earth surface processes and landforms, and to show how geomorphic models might benefit from probabilistic concepts. I briefly review the use of Bayesian reasoning in geomorphology, and outline the corresponding variants of regression and classification in several worked examples. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Predicting gully densities at sub‐continental scales: a case study for the Horn of Africa
Authors: Vanmaercke Matthias , Chen Yixian , Haregeweyn Nigussie , De Geeter Sofie , Campforts Benjamin , Heyndrickx Wouter , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Poesen Jean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite its environmental and scientific significance, predicting gully erosion remains problematic. This is especially so in strongly contrasting and degraded regions such as the Horn of Africa. Machine learning algorithms such as random forests (RF) offer great potential to deal with the complex, often non‐linear, nature of factors controlling gully erosion. Nonetheless, their applicability at regional to continental scales remains largely untested. Moreover, such algorithms require large amounts of observations for model training and testing. Collecting such data remains an important bottleneck.Here we help to address these gaps by developing and testing a methodology to simulate gully densities across Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti (total area: 1.2 million km2). We propose a methodology to quickly assess the gully head density (GHD) for representative 1 km2 study sites by visually scoring the presence of gullies in Google Earth and then converting these scores to realistic estimates of GHD. Based on this approach, we compiled GHD observations for 1,700 sites. We used these data to train sets of RF regression models that simulate GHD at a 1 km2 resolution, based on topographic/geomorphic, land cover, soil and rainfall conditions. Our approach also accounts for uncertainties in GHD observations. Independent validations showed generally acceptable simulations of regional GHD patterns. We further show that: (i) model performance strongly depends on the amount of training data used, (ii) large prediction errors mainly occur in areas where also the predicted uncertainty is large and (iii) collecting additional training data for these areas results in more drastic model performance improvements. Analyses of the feature importance of predictor variables further showed that patterns of GHD across the Horn of Africa strongly depend on NDVI and annual rainfall, but also on normalized steepness index (ksn) and distance to rivers. Overall, our work opens promising perspectives to assess gully densities at continental scales. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A bivariate meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Hui‐Chuan , Tseng Yu‐Min , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Pin‐Yuan , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale comprising global score (CDR‐GS) and sum of boxes scores (CDR‐SB) is commonly used in staging cognitive impairment; however, its diagnostic accuracy is not well clarified. The meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the CDR for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in older populations.MethodsStudies examining the diagnostic accuracy of the CDR for MCI or dementia against reference standards were included from seven electronic databases. The bivariate analysis with a random‐effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the CDR for MCI and dementia.ResultsFifteen studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of the CDR‐GS (n = 13) or CDR‐SB (n = 5) for MCI or dementia were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the CDR‐GS for MCI were 93% and 97%, respectively. With respect to dementia, the CDR‐GS had superior pooled specificity compared to the CDR‐SB (99% vs. 94%), while similar sensitivities were found between the CDR‐GS and CDR‐SB (both 87%). Significant moderators of an old age, a high educational level, a high prevalence of MCI or dementia, being in a developing country, and a lack of informants' observations may affect the estimation of the sensitivity or specificity of the CDR.ConclusionsEvidence supports the CDR being useful for detecting MCI and dementia; applying the CDR for staging cognitive impairment in at risk populations should be considered. Furthermore, including objective observations from relevant informants or proxies to increase the accuracy of the CDR for dementia is suggested.
Estrogen, brain structure, and cognition in postmenopausalwomen
Authors: Boyle Christina P. , Raji Cyrus A. , Erickson Kirk I. , Lopez Oscar L. , Becker James T. , Gach H. Michael , Kuller Lewis H. , Longstreth William , Carmichael Owen T. , Riedel Brandalyn C. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeclining estrogen levels before, during, and after menopause can affect memory and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Undesirable side effects of hormone variations emphasize a role for hormone therapy (HT) where possible benefits include a delay in the onset of dementia—yet findings are inconsistent. Effects of HT may be mediated by estrogen receptors found throughout the brain. Effects may also depend on lifestyle factors, timing of use, and genetic risk. We studied the impact of self‐reported HT use on brain volume in 562 elderly women (71–94 years) with mixed cognitive status while adjusting for aforementioned factors. Covariate‐adjusted voxelwise linear regression analyses using a model with 16 predictors showed HT use as positively associated with regional brain volumes, regardless of cognitive status. Examinations of other factors related to menopause, oophorectomy and hysterectomy status independently yielded positive effects on brain volume when added to our model. One interaction term, HTxBMI, out of several examined, revealed significant negative association with overall brain volume, suggesting a greater reduction in brain volume than BMI alone. Our main findings relating HT to regional brain volume were as hypothesized, but some exploratory analyses were not in line with existing hypotheses. Studies suggest lower levels of estrogen resulting from oophorectomy and hysterectomy affect brain volume negatively, and the addition of HT modifies the relation between BMI and brain volume positively. Effects of HT may depend on the age range assessed, motivating studies with a wider age range as well as a randomized design.
Prognostic potential of mid‐treatment nodal response in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Byun David J. , Tam Moses M. , Jacobson Adam S. , Persky Mark S. , Tran Theresa T. , Givi Babak , DeLacure Mark D. , Li Zujun , Harrison Louis B. , Hu Kenneth S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examine the prognostic implications of mid‐course nodal response in oropharyngeal cancer (OPX) to radiation therapy.MethodsIn 44 patients with node‐positive OPX undergoing concurrent chemoradiation, nodal volumes were measured on cone beam CTs from days 1, 10, 20, and 35. Nodal decrease (ND) was based on percent shrinkage from day 1.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 17 months, the 2‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were 87%, 92%, 89%, and 92%, respectively. Patients with ND ≥43% at D20 had improved LRC (100% vs 78.4%, P = .03) compared to D20 ND <43%. On multivariate analysis, D20 ≥43% was independently prognostic for LRC (HR 1.17, P = .05).ConclusionPatients with low‐risk oropharynx cancer with ND of ≥43% by treatment day 20 had significantly improved LRC. The prognostic benefit of ND may assist in identifying candidates for treatment de‐escalation.
In the temporal organization of episodic memory, the hippocampus supports the experience of elapsed time
Authors: Sabariego Marta , Tabrizi Nina S. , Marshall Greer J. , McLagan Ali N. , Jawad Safa , Hales Jena B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpace and time are both essential features of episodic memory, for which the hippocampus is critical (Howard & Eichenbaum, 2015). Spatial tasks have been used effectively to study the behavioral relevance of place cells. However, the behavioral paradigms utilized for the study of time cells have not used time duration as a variable that animals need to be aware of to solve the task. Therefore, the behavioral relevance of this cell firing is unclear. In order to directly study the role of the hippocampus in processing elapsed time, we created a novel time duration discrimination task. Rats learned to make a decision to turn left or right depending on the preceding tone duration (10 s, left turn; 20 s, right turn). Once the rats reached criterion performance of 90% correct on two out of three consecutive days, they received either an excitotoxic hippocampal lesion or a sham‐lesion surgery. After recovery, rats were tested to determine hippocampal involvement in discriminating time duration. Rats with hippocampal lesions performed at chance level on their first testing day postlesion, and they were impaired relative to the sham‐lesioned rats. Although the hippocampal‐lesioned rats began discriminating at above chance level, their performance never returned to criterion even with 50 days of postoperative testing. Furthermore, while sham rats showed no difference in the number of errors they made on 10‐ versus 20‐s delay trials, hippocampal lesion rats similarly improved their performance under the 10‐s delay condition, but not under the 20‐s delay condition. Results indicate that hippocampal lesions resulted in a selective impairment in discriminating elapsed time only during the longer delay trials. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the limits of working‐memory capacity and to the role of sustained hippocampal time cell activity in memory performance depending on the perceived relevance of the delay period.
Residue Levels of Pesticides on Fruits for Use in Wildlife Risk Assessments
Authors: Schabacker Jens , Hahne Joerg , Ludwigs Jan-Dieter , Vallon Martin , Foudoulakis Manousos , Murfitt Roger , Ristau Kai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The guidance document on risk assessment for birds and mammals (GD) provides generic residue values of pesticides on potential diet items for use in wildlife risk assessments. For most diet items, these values are based on a large number of residue studies. However, the default residues per unit dose (RUD; standardized for application of 1 kg substance per hectare) values for fruits were taken from a few literature trials of unclear relevance for regulatory purposes. These trials were conducted according to neither current European Union (EU) agricultural practice nor to recommendations given in the GD about how to conduct wildlife-relevant residue studies. Therefore, field study data on fruit residue levels from applications of pesticides in fruiting crops were compiled and evaluated. Corresponding studies had been conducted during the last 26 y in the EU. In the final data set, 291 studies provided 1002 residue values in different fruits, including grapes, berries (currants, raspberries, gooseberries), fruits from orchards (apple, peach, pear, lemon, mandarin, orange, apricot, cherry, plum), gourds (pumpkins, cucumbers, squash, melons), and strawberries. This data set provides a basis for revising registration-relevant RUD values for fruits as potential diet items for birds and mammals in environmental wildlife risk assessments. The objective of this study was to estimate the resulting residue levels in different fruits determined under field conditions following the application of pesticides across their growing areas within the EU in diverse climatic areas that can be used directly in wildlife risk assessments. The large data set of usually about more than 100 residue values per “fruit group,” all evaluated at EU member state level, revealed significantly lower RUDs compared to the current default RUDs presented in the GD. These new RUD values for fruits should be considered for use as default values in future bird and mammal risk assessments and in respective guidance documents. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:552–561. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology   Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
Extensive data sets on pesticide residues in fruit are analyzed, which considerably increases the knowledge base in this area. The extent of the data sets used to calculate new fruit residues per unit dose (RUD) values is a major strength. This work provides valuable information for regulatory risk assessments and tests some of the underlying assumptions that play a role in the risk assessment of pesticides to birds and mammals. It adds to the ongoing revision of the European Food Safety Authority's guidance document on risk assessment for birds and mammals.
Value of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastric cancer surveillance in patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Ladigan‐Badura Swetlana , Vangala Deepak B. , Engel Christoph , Bucksch Karolin , Hueneburg Robert , Perne Claudia , Nattermann Jacob , Steinke‐Lange Verena , Rahner Nils , Schackert Hans K. , Weitz Jürgen , Kloor Matthias , Kuhlkamp Judith , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Moeslein Gabriela , Strassburg Christian , Morak Monika , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Buettner Reinhard , Aretz Stefan , Loeffler Markus , Schmiegel Wolff , Pox Christian , Schulmann Karsten ,   German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy as an instrument for early gastric cancer (GC) detection in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients by analyzing data from the registry of the German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer. In a prospective, multicenter cohort study, 1128 out of 2009 registered individuals with confirmed LS underwent 5176 upper GI endoscopies. Compliance was good since 77.6% of upper GI endoscopies were completed within the recommended interval of 1 to 3 years. Forty‐nine GC events were observed in 47 patients. MLH1 (n = 21) and MSH2 (n = 24) mutations were the most prevalent. GCs in patients undergoing regular surveillance were diagnosed significantly more often in an early‐stage disease (UICC I) than GCs detected through symptoms (83% vs 25%; P = .0231). Thirty‐two (68%) patients had a negative family history of GC. The median age at diagnosis was 51 years (range 28‐66). Of all GC patients, 13 were diagnosed at an age younger than 45. Our study supports the recommendation of regular upper GI endoscopy surveillance for LS patients beginning no later than at the age of 30.
Rapid rise of life expectancy in Bangladesh: Does financial development matter?
Authors: Alam Md Samsul , Islam Md Shahidul , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Bilal Shazia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of financial development in the rapid rise of life expectancy in Bangladesh by using the annual data covering the period of 1972–2013. We examine the unit root properties of the variables employing a structural break unit root test. The combined cointegration and ARDL bounds testing approach confirm the long‐run association between financial development and life expectancy in the presence of globalization, income inequality, and economic growth. The long‐run elasticities indicate that financial development and globalization (income inequality and economic growth) positively (negatively) affect life expectancy in Bangladesh. The VECM Granger causality analysis indicates that the feedback effect exists between financial development and life expectancy, and income inequality and life expectancy. Economic growth and globalization are also found to Granger cause life expectancy. Our findings offer new insights to policy makers which are crucial to improve life expectancy in Bangladesh.
The impact of bank ownership on lending behavior: Evidence from the 2008–2009 financial crisis
Authors: Haldarov Zamon , Asteriou Dimitrios , Trachanas Emmanouil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the lending behavior of banks with different ownership types (domestic‐private, foreign, and government‐owned) during normal and financial crisis periods. Using panel data for the period 2004–2013, our results indicate that the 2008–2009 crisis caused a negative shock to banking sector loan growth rates which was considerably higher during 2008 compared to 2009. Although loan supply decreased during the crisis, there were differences under different ownership types and between high and upper‐middle income countries. Our findings suggest that consumer and retail loans declined significantly more in high income economies compared to upper‐middle income countries. Further, in upper‐middle income economies, the reduction in consumer and retail loans in 2009 was higher under foreign bank ownership in comparison to domestic‐private bank ownership. Overall, the results indicate that the lending behavior of banks with different types of ownership is significantly different in upper middle income countries compared to high‐income countries.