bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab for relapsed/refractory aggressive adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Satake Atsushi , Konishi Akiko , Azuma Yoshiko , Tsubokura Yukie , Yoshimura Hideaki , Hotta Masaaki , Nakanishi Takahisa , Fujita Shinya , Nakaya Aya , Ito Tomoki , Ishii Kazuyoshi , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough phase 2 studies have confirmed the efficacy of mogamulizumab for adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), real‐world data on its benefits are limited. We assessed the benefits of mogamulizumab for relapsed/refractory ATL in clinical practice.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with acute‐ and lymphoma‐type ATL. Among 57 patients diagnosed with ATL between January 2008 and August 2018, 42 who received salvage therapy were eligible, including 24 who received mogamulizumab.ResultsThe overall response rate to mogamulizumab was 54.2%. Median survival time (MST) and 1‐year overall survival (OS) rate from mogamulizumab initiation were 7.7 months and 42.0%, respectively. Patients with acute‐type ATL showed longer MST (15.1 months) and higher 1‐year OS (63.6%). MST without skin rash was 5.0 months, and 1‐year OS was 34.3%; however, MST with skin rash was not reached and 1‐year OS was 66.7%. Among patients who received the salvage therapy, longer MST and higher 1‐year OS were observed with mogamulizumab than without mogamulizumab (P = .078; 9.2 vs. 3.9 months; 47.9% vs. 17.6%, respectively). Mogamulizumab administration improved prognosis in patients with acute‐type ATL and skin rash.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, mogamulizumab improved OS in patients with relapsed/refractory ATL, especially those with acute‐type ATL and skin rash.
A biologically constrained spiking neural network model of the primate basal ganglia with overlapping pathways exhibits action selection
Authors: Girard Benoît , Lienard Jean , Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Delord Bruno , Doya Kenji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAction selection has been hypothesized to be a key function of the basal ganglia, yet the nuclei involved, their interactions and the importance of the direct/indirect pathway segregation in such process remain debated. Here, we design a spiking computational model of the monkey basal ganglia derived from a previously published population model, initially parameterized to reproduce electrophysiological activity at rest and to embody as much quantitative anatomical data as possible. As a particular feature, both models exhibit the strong overlap between the direct and indirect pathways that has been documented in non‐human primates. Here, we first show how the translation from a population to an individual neuron model was achieved, with the addition of a minimal number of parameters. We then show that our model performs action selection, even though it was built without any assumption on the activity carried out during behaviour. We investigate the mechanisms of this selection through circuit disruptions and found an instrumental role of the off‐centre/on‐surround structure of the MSN‐STN‐GPi circuit, as well as of the MSN‐MSN and FSI‐MSN projections. This validates their potency in enabling selection. We finally study the pervasive centromedian and parafascicular thalamic inputs that reach all basal ganglia nuclei and whose influence is therefore difficult to anticipate. Our model predicts that these inputs modulate the responsiveness of action selection, making them a candidate for the regulation of the speed–accuracy trade‐off during decision‐making.
The impact of drought and rewetting on N2O emissions from soil in temperate and Mediterranean climates
Authors: Barrat Harry A. , Evans Jess , Chadwick David R. , Clark Ian M. , Le Cocq Kate , M. Cardenas Laura 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe potential for soils to produce nitrous oxide (N2O) is impacted by past moisture conditions; however, the extent of this impact is not fully understood. We conducted the first review of this, using two literature searches and a meta‐analysis. We found 36 studies out of a possible 735 that described experiments where soil moisture conditions had been controlled, such that the impact of antecedent moisture levels could be separated from contemporary moisture levels and attributed to N2O emissions. Of those studies, 14 (130 data points) used the appropriate experimental design and presented suitable data that could be standardized for the meta‐analysis. We found that the degree to which the soil was rewetted and the water filled pore space (WFPS) the soil was brought to were significant explanatory variables (p = < 0.0001). The larger the difference between the dry and wet states of the soil and the higher the WFPS of the soil after rewetting, the larger the hot moment, with an exponential increase once the soil is anaerobic. Substrate availability and fertiliser quantity and type were also important controls on the amount of N2O emitted during the hot moment (p = < 0.0001). However, controls with a constant WFPS can have the same anaerobicity and substrate concentrations, yet much lower emissions, so we suggest that it is the bioavailability of and how the substrates are utilized by the microbial community, and thus how they are primed by the drought, that is the main causal mechanism. Unfortunately, there is still a large uncertainty regarding how microbial population structure, relative gene abundances and gene expression profiles change according to antecedent dry/wet cycles. We suggest several areas of improvement for future studies and the development of drought‐impact curves. These would show the relationship between N2O emissions and the length of drought (we found no studies that have investigated this) and N2O emissions and the severity of drought (e.g. the difference between 20% and 40% WFPS).Highlights
We investigated the main causal mechanisms of N2O hot moments after soil is rewetted.
This is the first meta‐analysis and synthesis of the literature regarding N2O hot moments.
The more anaerobic the soil and the more C and N substrates, the larger the hot moment.
We provide recommendations for future studies and outline key gaps in the research.
A field system for measuring plant and soil carbon fluxes using stable isotope methods
Authors: McCloskey Christopher S. , Otten Wilfred , Paterson Eric , Ingram Ben , Kirk Guy J. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of field methods for measuring plant and soil processes controlling soil organic matter (SOM) turnover over diurnal, seasonal and longer timescales with which to develop datasets for modelling. We describe an automated field system for measuring plant and soil carbon fluxes over such timescales using stable isotope methods, and we assess its performance. The system comprises 24 large (1‐m deep, 0.8‐m diameter) cylindrical lysimeters connected to gas‐flux chambers and instruments. The lysimeters contain intact, naturally structured C3 soil planted with a C4 grass. Fluxes of CO2 and their 13C isotope composition are measured three times daily in each lysimeter, and the isotope composition is used to partition the fluxes between plant and soil sources. We investigate the following potential sources of error in the measurement system and show they do not significantly affect the measured CO2 fluxes or isotope signatures: gas leaks, the rate of gas flow through sampling loops, instrument precision and drift, the concentration dependence of isotope measurements, and the linearity of CO2 accumulation in the chambers and associated isotope fractionation resulting from different rates of 13CO2 and 12CO2 diffusion from the soil. For the loamy grassland soil and US prairie grass (Bouteloua dactyloides) tested, the precision of CO2 flux measurements was ±0.04% and that of the flux partitioning ±0.40%. We give examples of diurnal and seasonal patterns of plant and soil C fluxes and soil temperature and moisture. We discuss the limitations of the isotope methodology for partitioning fluxes as applied in our system. We conclude that the system is suitable for measuring net ecosystem respiration fluxes and their plant and soil components with sufficient precision to resolve diurnal and seasonal patterns.Highlights
We describe an automated system for measuring plant and soil carbon fluxes under field conditions.
We exploit the large difference in isotope signatures between C3 and C4 soils and plants to partition the net flux.
Possible sources of error are quantified and shown to be small.
The system is capable of resolving diurnal and seasonal patterns.
Anatomy‐guided injections of botulinum neurotoxin in neck muscles: how accurate is needle placement?
Authors: Kreisler A. , Simonin C. , Degardin A. , Mutez E. , Defebvre L. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeIn cervical dystonia, the accuracy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections may influence the response to the treatment.MethodsWe used ultrasound to evaluate the accuracy of anatomy‐guided injections of BoNT in the neck muscles.ResultsA total of 56 consecutive patients and 332 injections were evaluated. The overall accuracy was 76.6%. The lowest accuracy (67.9%) was observed for the splenius capitis muscle.ConclusionsAnatomic guidance of BoNT injections in the neck muscles is often inaccurate. Imaging guidance may improve the accuracy of BoNT injections in cervical dystonia.
Who seizes longest? Impact of clinical and demographic factors
Authors: Kaufmann Elisabeth , Seethaler Magdalena , Lauseker Michael , Fan Min , Vollmar Christian , Noachtar Soheyl , Rémi Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of clinical and demographic parameters on the duration of focal onset seizures with and without secondary generalization using precise duration measurements from intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings.MethodsPatients with unifocal epilepsy syndromes and iEEG recording were retrospectively identified from the database of the local epilepsy center (2006‐2016). Seizure duration was defined as time difference of iEEG seizure pattern onset and cessation. The seizure semiology was classified based on video recordings. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from patient reports.ResultsIn total, 69 adults were included, and 654 focal onset seizures were analyzed. Focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FBTCSs; 98/654) were significantly longer than focal seizures (FSs) without generalization (FS‐BTCs; 556/654, P < .001), and most FSs (545/654, 83.3%) terminated within 2 minutes. The duration of FSs was prolonged with increasing age of the patients (P = .003) and was significantly shortened (P < .001) by evolution into an FBTCS. FBTCSs with lateralizing semiologies like version (P = .015) and sign of four (P = .043) were associated with longer bilateral tonic‐clonic manifestations. Furthermore, FBTCSs with preceding aura, frontal origin, or onset during sleep were by trend shorter. Age (P < .001) and disease duration (P = .028) were essential for prediction of FS‐BTC duration, whereas the vigilance state (P = .085) was the main prediction factor for the duration of FBTCSs.SignificanceThe identified modifiers of seizure duration are of great relevance for clinical risk evaluation, especially in the aging epilepsy patient suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy with secondary generalized seizures.
Association of retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) and ghrelin plasma levels with insulin resistance and disease severity in non‐diabetic patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: González‐López Marcos A. , Ocejo‐Viñals J. Gonzalo , Mata Cristina , Vilanova Iosune , Guiral Sandra , Portilla Virginia , Blanco Ricardo , Hernández José L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with insulin resistance (IR). Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and ghrelin are two bioactive proteins that have been involved in glucose metabolism and IR, but also in the regulation of immune and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of RBP4 and ghrelin in patients with HS, and to assess the possible relationship between these levels and IR, disease severity and HS risk. A total of 137 subjects (77 HS patients and 60 controls) without diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Patients with HS had significantly higher RBP4 but lower ghrelin plasma levels than controls, independently of body mass index (BMI). Serum RBP4 levels were positively correlated to disease severity and IR in HS patients. However, we found no association between ghrelin levels and any clinical or laboratory parameters. Moreover, high serum RBP4 and low ghrelin levels were associated with an increased risk for HS. Our results suggest that high RBP4 levels may be a surrogate biomarker for IR in patients with HS. Moreover, increased RBP4 and decreased ghrelin levels could also be independent risk factors for the development of HS.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in two French emergency departments: a prospective cohort
Authors: Weiss Julie , Torrents Romain , Verhamme Baptiste , Roch Antoine , Lazerges Pierre , Jego Maeva , Michelet Pierre , Simon Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic cannabis use can be associated with uncontrollable vomiting and abdominal pain. Diagnostic criteria for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) were defined in 2012 by Simonetto et al. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of CHS, the patients' epidemiological characteristics, and to show the difficulties encountered in caring for these patients in emergency departments, the extent of health care and an unsuitable follow‐up in general practices. A prospective cohort of patients with CHS was recruited among a target population of patients leaving the adult emergency services of the Marseille hospitals Nord and La Timone between October 2017 and July 2018, with abdominal pain syndrome of unidentified etiology. Inclusion criteria for the CHS cohort were chronic cannabis use associated with nausea and vomiting. There were 48 patients included in the CHS cohort who took cannabis daily, in a target population of 2 848 patients (i.e. 1.6%). A hot shower was the most effective symptomatic treatment in 54.2% of cases. Patients suffering from CHS spent significantly more hours in emergency departments (11 vs. 6.5), and, on average, visits were more frequent (4.9 vs. 3). 20.3% of them were hospitalized to continue pain medication. Once out of hospital, follow‐up was limited, and weaning off cannabis, the only etiological treatment, was difficult to set up. Informing patients about CHS is essential, and a hot shower could be systematically proposed, thus limiting an unnecessary extent of health care. CHS is genuine, medical staff should be made aware of it in occupational training, and it should be seriously considered in health policies.
Fentanyl inhibits acute myeloid leukemia differentiated cells and committed progenitors via opioid receptor‐independent suppression of Ras and STAT5 pathways
Authors: Dai Shuangbo , Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhang Peng , Zheng Xuesong , Pang Qiying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFentanyl is a common sedative/analgesic used for intrathecal chemotherapy injection in children with acute leukemia. Given the contradictory findings that fentanyl has both inhibitory and stimulatory activities in cancer cells, we investigated the biological effects of fentanyl alone and its combination with standard of care in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells at all stages of development. We showed that fentanyl at clinically relevant concentration inhibited growth and colony formation of AML differentiated cells and committed progenitors without affecting their survival. Compared to AML cells without FLT3 mutation, cells harboring FLT3‐ITD mutation are likely to be more sensitive to fentanyl. However, fentanyl did not affect the most primitive AML stem cells. Fentanyl significantly augmented the efficacy of cytarabine but not midostaurin in AML differentiated cells and committed progenitors. We further demonstrated that fentanyl inhibited AML cells via suppressing Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and STAT5 pathway, and this was not dependent on opioid receptor system. Our findings demonstrate the anti‐leukemia activity of fentanyl and synergistic effects between fentanyl and cytarabine in AML, via opioid receptor‐independent suppression of Ras and STAT5 pathways. Our work is the first to suggest the beneficial effects of fentanyl in children with leukemia.
Immunomodulation via macrophages to fight solid tumor malignancies
Authors: Dandia Hiren , Tayalia Prakriti 
Published: June 2020

The paper ‘A C‐Terminal Fragment of Adhesion Protein Fibulin‐7 Inhibits Growth of Murine Breast Tumor by Regulating Macrophage Reprogramming’ by Chakraborty et al. highlights that Fbln7‐C could be explored as a potential immunomodulatory agent against various solid cancers and have shown its abilities to regulate tumor microenvironment reprogramming of TAMs in a breast cancer model. Fbln7, which is a secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to be anti‐angiogenic and has an immunomodulatory role regulating various functional properties of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, thereby influencing inflammation. In this study, the authors have shown that in a murine breast tumor model, intravenous administration of Fbln7‐C significantly reduces the size of tumors via macrophage reprogramming.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15333.
Pantropical geography of lightning‐caused disturbance and its implications for tropical forests
Authors: Gora Evan M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Yanoviak Stephen P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLightning is a major agent of disturbance, but its ecological effects in the tropics are unquantified. Here we used ground and satellite sensors to quantify the geography of lightning strikes in terrestrial tropical ecosystems, and to evaluate whether spatial variation in lightning frequency is associated with variation in tropical forest structure and dynamics. Between 2013 and 2018, tropical terrestrial ecosystems received an average of 100.4 million lightning strikes per year, and the frequency of strikes was spatially autocorrelated at local‐to‐continental scales. Lightning strikes were more frequent in forests, savannas, and urban areas than in grasslands, shrublands, and croplands. Higher lightning frequency was positively associated with woody biomass turnover and negatively associated with aboveground biomass and the density of large trees (trees/ha) in forests across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Extrapolating from the only tropical forest study that comprehensively assessed tree damage and mortality from lightning strikes, we estimate that lightning directly damages c. 832 million trees in tropical forests annually, of which c. 194 million die. The similarly high lightning frequency in tropical savannas suggests that lightning also influences savanna tree mortality rates and ecosystem processes. These patterns indicate that lightning‐caused disturbance plays a major and largely unappreciated role in pantropical ecosystem dynamics and global carbon cycling.
Threshold responses of riverine fish communities to land use conversion across regions of the world
Authors: Chen Kai , Olden Julian D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growing human enterprise has sparked greater interest in identifying ecological thresholds in land use conversion beyond which populations or communities demonstrate abrupt nonlinear or substantive change in species composition. Such knowledge remains fundamental to understanding ecosystem resilience to environmental degradation and informing land use planning into the future. Confronting this challenge has been largely limited to inferring thresholds in univariate metrics of species richness and indices of biotic integrity and has largely ignored how land use legacies of the past may shape community responses of today. By leveraging data for 13,069 riverine sites from temperate, subtropical, and boreal climate zones on four continents, we characterize patterns of community change along diverse gradients of urbanization and agricultural land use, and identity threshold values beyond which significant alterations in species composition exists. Our results demonstrate the apparent universality by which freshwater fish communities are sensitive to even low levels of watershed urbanization (range of threshold values: 1%–12%), but consistently higher (and more variable) levels of agricultural development (2%–37%). We demonstrated that fish community compositional thresholds occurred, in general, at lower levels of watershed urbanization and agriculture when compared to threshold responses in species richness. This supports the notion that aggregated taxon‐specific responses may better reflect the complexity of assemblage responses to land use development. We further revealed that the ghost of land use past plays an important role in moderating how current‐day fish communities respond to land use intensification. Subbasins of the United States experiencing greater rates of past land use change demonstrated higher current‐day thresholds. Threshold responses of community composition, such as those identified in our study, illustrate the need for globally coordinated efforts to prioritize country‐specific management and policy initiatives that ensure that freshwater fish diversity is not inevitably lost in the future.
‘It struck at the heart of who I thought I was’: A meta‐synthesis of the qualitative literature examining the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Desborough Jane , Brunoro Crystal , Parkinson Anne , Chisholm Katrina , Elisha Mark , Drew Janet , Fanning Vanessa , Lueck Christian , Bruestle Anne , Cook Matthew , Suominen Hanna , Tricoli Antonio , Henschke Adam , Phillips Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with multiple sclerosis (MS) have varied experiences and approaches to self‐management. This review aimed to explore the experiences of people with MS, and consider the implications of these experiences for clinical practice and research.MethodsA meta‐synthesis of the qualitative literature examining experiences of people with MS was conducted using systematic searches of ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We incorporated feedback from team members with MS as expert patient knowledge‐users to capture the complex subjectivities of persons with lived experience responding to research on lived experience of the same disease.ResultsOf 1680 unique articles, 77 met the inclusion criteria. We identified five experiential themes: (a) the quest for knowledge, expertise and understanding, (b) uncertain trajectories (c) loss of valued roles and activities, and the threat of a changing identity, (d) managing fatigue and its impacts on life and relationships, and (f) adapting to life with MS. These themes were distributed across three domains related to disease (symptoms; diagnosis; progression and relapse) and two contexts (the health‐care sector; and work, social and family life).ConclusionThe majority of people in the studies included in this review expressed a determination to adapt to MS, indicating a strong motivation for people with MS and clinicians to collaborate in the quest for knowledge. Clinicians caring for people with MS need to consider the experiential and social outcomes of this disease such as fatigue and the preservation of valued social roles, and incorporate this into case management and clinical planning.