bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electropreconcentration diagrams to optimize molecular enrichment with low counter pressure in a nanofluidic device
Authors: Ngom Sokhna‐Mery , Flores‐Galicia Fatima , Delapierre François‐Damien , Pallandre Antoine , Gamby Jean , Le Potier Isabelle , Haghiri‐Gosnet Anne‐Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConcentration polarization (CP)‐based focusing electrokinetics nanofluidic devices have been developed in order to simultaneously detect and enrich highly diluted analytes on‐a‐chip. However, stabilization of focal points over long time under the application of the electric field remains as a technical bottleneck. If pressure‐assisted preconcentration methods have been proposed to stabilize propagating modes at low inverse Dukhin number , these recent protocols remain laborious for optimizing experimental parameters. In this paper, “electric field E/counter‐pressure P” diagrams have been established during pressure‐assisted electro‐preconcentration of fluorescein as a model molecule. Such E/P diagram allows direct observation of the region for which the optimal counter‐pressure P leads to a stable focusing regime. This region of stable focusing is shown to vary depending of the nanoslit length (100 μm < Lnanoslit < 500 μm) and the nature of the background electrolyte (KCl and NaCl). Longer nanoslits (500 μm) produce stabilization at low counter‐pressure P, whereas NaCl offers a narrower region of stable focusing in the E/P diagram compared to KCl. Finally, the ability of such pressure‐assisted protocol to concentrate negatively charged proteins has been tested with a more applicative protein, i.e., ovalbumin. The corresponding E/P diagram confirms the existence of the stable focusing regime at both low electric field E (≤20 V) and counter‐pressure P (≤0.4 bar). With an enrichment factor as high as 70 after 2 min for ovalbumin at a concentration of 10 μM, such pressure‐assisted nanofluidic electro‐preconcentration protocol appears very promising to concentrate and detect biomolecules.
Robustness of simplified analysis methods for rocking structures on compliant soil
Authors: Sieber Max , Klar Sebastian , Vassiliou Michalis F. , Anastasopoulos Ioannis 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRecognizing the beneficial effect of nonlinear soil–foundation response has led to a novel design concept, termed ‘rocking isolation’. The analysis and design of such rocking structures require nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Analyzing the entire soil–foundation–structure system is computationally demanding, impeding the application of rocking isolation in practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient simplified analysis methods. This paper assesses the robustness of two simplified analysis methods, using (i) a nonlinear and (ii) a bilinear rocking stiffness combined with linear viscous damping. The robustness of the simplified methods is assessed by (i) one‐to‐one comparison with a benchmark finite element (FE) analysis using a selection of ground motions and (ii) statistical comparison of probability distributions of response quantities, which characterize the time history response of rocking systems. A bridge pier (assumed rigid) supported on a square foundation, lying on a stiff clay stratum, is used as an illustrative example. Nonlinear dynamic FE time history analysis serves as a benchmark. Both methods yield reasonably accurate predictions of the maximum rotation θmax. Their stochastic comparison with respect to the empirical cumulative distribution function of θmax reveals that the nonlinear and the bilinear methods are not biased. Thus, both can be used to estimate probabilities of exceeding a certain threshold value of θ. Developed in this paper, the bilinear method is much easier to calibrate than the nonlinear, offering similar performance.
Numerical investigation of casing shear deformation due to fracture/fault slip during hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Meng Hu , Ge Hongkui , Fu Dengwei , Wang Xiaoqiong , Shen Yinghao , Jiang Zhenxin , Wang Jianbo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of casing failure has significantly affected the development of shale gas in the Sichuan Basin. Based on engineering and geology analyses, natural fracture/fault slip leads to casing shear deformation during hydraulic fracturing. Hence, natural fracture/fault slip and casing‐cement sheath‐formation assembly finite element models were established to quantitatively examine the characteristics of natural fracture/fault slip and mechanisms of casing shear deformation. Many factors, such as formation elastic property, in situ stress, natural fracture/fault geometry property, fluid pressure, casing elastic property, cement sheath elastic property, and well trajectory, were considered. The simulated results were in good agreement with the field data. The results indicated that natural fracture/fault slip leads to a sharp increase in casing deformation and stress in the adjacent region. Furthermore, factor sensitivity analysis results showed that a higher fluid pressure, larger fracture length, larger fracture dip angle, higher in situ stress difference, lower formation Young's modulus, and shorter distance from the wellbore to the center of the slip surface lead to severe casing stress and deformation. The countermeasures for preventing casing shear deformation involve decreasing the fracturing treatment pressure, reducing the crossing angle between the wellbore and natural fracture/fault, maintaining a safe distance from the wellbore to the large fracture/fault center, and adopting “balanced stress” fracturing operation. Hence, this study proposes a reasonable method to evaluate casing shear damage under hydraulic fracturing.
Application of globally available, coarse‐resolution digital elevation models for delineating valley bottom segments of varying length across a catchment
Authors: Khan Sana , Fryirs Kirstie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe worldwide availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) has enabled rapid (semi‐)automated mapping of earth surface landforms. In this paper, we first present an approach for delineating valley bottom extent across a large catchment using only publicly available, coarse‐resolution DEM input. We assess the sensitivity of our results to variable DEM resolution and find that coarse‐resolution datasets (90 m resolution) provide superior results. We also find that LiDAR‐derived DEMs produce more realistic results than satellite‐derived DEMs across the full range of topographic settings tested. Satellite‐derived DEMs perform more effectively in moderate topographic settings, but fail to capture the subtleties of valley bottom extent in mild gradient, low‐lying topography and in narrow headwater reaches. Second, we present a semi‐automated technique within ArcGIS for delineating valley bottom segments using DEM‐derived network scale metrics of valley bottom width and slope. We use an unsupervised machine‐learning technique based on the k‐means clustering algorithm to solve a conundrum in GIS‐based geomorphic analysis of rivers: the delineation of valley bottom segments of variable length. The delineation of valley bottom segments provides a coarse‐scale entry point into automated geomorphic analysis and characterization of river systems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging genomics discovery of a new risk variant for Alzheimer's disease in the postsynaptic SHARPIN gene
Authors: Soheili‐Nezhad Sourena , Jahanshad Neda , Guelfi Sebastian , Khosrowabadi Reza , Saykin Andrew J. , Thompson Paul M. , Beckmann Christian F. , Sprooten Emma , Zarei Mojtaba ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Published: June 2020

AbstractMolecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are difficult to investigate, partly because diagnosis lags behind the insidious pathological processes. Therefore, identifying AD neuroimaging markers and their genetic modifiers may help study early mechanisms of neurodegeneration. We aimed to identify brain regions of the highest vulnerability to AD using a data‐driven search in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 1,100 subjects), and further explored genetic variants affecting this critical brain trait using both ADNI and the younger UK Biobank cohort (n = 8,428 subjects). Tensor‐Based Morphometry (TBM) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) identified the limbic system and its interconnecting white‐matter as the most AD‐vulnerable brain feature. Whole‐genome analysis revealed a common variant in SHARPIN that was associated with this imaging feature (rs34173062, p = 2.1 × 10−10). This genetic association was validated in the UK Biobank, where it was correlated with entorhinal cortical thickness bilaterally (p = .002 left and p = 8.6 × 10−4 right), and with parental history of AD (p = 2.3 × 10−6). Our findings suggest that neuroanatomical variation in the limbic system and AD risk are associated with a novel variant in SHARPIN. The role of this postsynaptic density gene product in β1‐integrin adhesion is in line with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular signaling pathway and the recent genome‐wide evidence.
Local inequality and departures from publicly provided health care in Canada
Authors: Isabelle Maripier , Stabile Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between changes in income inequality and the provision of resources in a health care system (the public‐private mix). Specifically, we investigate whether increases in income inequality, as separate from overall income levels and growth, have changed the availability of both private clinics and privately financed physicians in a context where the dominant market player is the public system. Our findings provide reasonable evidence that increases in income inequality have led to substantial increases in both. We find that moving from median level of inequality across neighborhoods to the top 1% level of inequality increases the probably of a private clinic by 40% and the probability of having physicians who have opted out of the public system by 170%.
Head and neck cancer radiotherapy amid COVID‐19 pandemic: Report from Milan, Italy
Authors: Alterio Daniela , Volpe Stefania , Marvaso Giulia , Turturici Irene , Ferrari Annamaria , Leonardi Maria Cristina , Lazzari Roberta , Fiore Massimo Sarra , Bufi Giammaria , Cattani Federica , Arrobbio Camilla , Patti Filippo , Casbarra Alessia , Cavallo Iacopo , Mastrilli Fabrizio , Orecchia Roberto , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement of head and neck cancers (HNC) in radiation oncology in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) era is challenging. Aim of our work is to report organization strategies at a radiation therapy (RT) department in the first European area experiencing the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe focused on (a) dedicated procedures for HNC, (b) RT scheduling, and (c) health care professionals' protection applied during the COVID‐19 breakdown (from March 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020).ResultsApplied procedures are reported and discussed. Forty‐three patients were treated. Image‐guided, intensity modulated RT was performed in all cases. Median overall treatment time was 50 (interquartile range: 47‐54.25) days. RT was interrupted/delayed in seven patients (16%) for suspected COVID‐19 infection. Two health professionals managing HNC patients were proven as COVID‐19 positive.ConclusionAdequate and well‐timed organization allowed for the optimization of HNC patients balancing at the best of our possibilities patients' care and personnel's safety.
A phase II study of anlotinib in 45 patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Di , Nie Jun , Hu Weiheng , Dai Ling , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaoling , Ma Xiangjuan , Tian Guangming , Han Jindi , Han Sen , Long Jieran , Wang Yang , Zhang Ziran , Fang Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective phase II clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Forty‐five patients with relapsed SCLC were enrolled and treated with anlotinib (one cycle of 12 mg daily for 14 days, discontinued for 7 days, and repeated every 21 days) until disease progression or intolerance of treatment. The primary end point was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), objective control rate (ORR) and toxicity. The median PFS was 4.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4‐5.8) and the median OS was 6.1 months (95% CI 2.2‐10.0). The OS for the limited‐stage subgroup was significantly longer than that of the extensive‐stage subgroup (P = .02). The DCR was 67%, and the ORR was 11%. The most common adverse event was hypertension (13%), which was controlled well with antihypertensive drugs. In conclusion, anlotinib has likely efficacy in patients with relapsed SCLC, and the side effects can be well tolerated. A longer OS was observed in limited‐stage SCLC patients treated with anlotinib.
The use of cinematherapy to illustrate systemic resilience
Authors: Eppler Christie , Hutchings Jen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResilience is the process of coping with and overcoming adversity, finding purpose in the face of suffering, and preparing for the future with a focus on interconnections and personal strengths. Being resilient is the ability to flourish in the face of trauma or hardship. The traits and processes of resilience are woven throughout the filmLittle Miss Sunshine. As characters deal with suffering, they also embody systemic strengths, which align with the current resilience research. This paper explores the use of cinematherapy to illustrate concepts of resilience in systemic therapy and in training relational therapists.
Splenic Switch‐Off for Determining the Optimal Dosage for Adenosine Stress Cardiac MR in Terms of Stress Effectiveness and Patient Safety
Authors: Giusca Sorin , Wolf David , Hofmann Nina , Hagstotz Saskia , Forschner Monika , Schueler Melanie , Nunninger Peter , Kelle Sebastian , Korosoglou Grigorios 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAdenosine stress MRI is well established for the evaluation of known and suspected coronary artery disease. However, a proportion of patients might be “under‐stressed” using the standard adenosine dose.PurposeTo compare three different adenosine dosages for stress MRI in terms of stress adequacy based on splenic switch‐off (SSO) and limiting side effects.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 100 patients were randomized in group 1 (33 pts), group 2 (34 pts), and group 3 (33 pts), receiving dosages of 140 μg/kg/min, 175 μg/kg/min, or 210 μg/kg/min, respectively. SSO was evaluated visually and quantitatively.SequenceStress perfusion was performed using a 1.5T scanner in three short axes using a standard single‐shot, saturation recovery gradient‐echo sequence.AssessmentThree blinded experienced operators evaluated SSO on stress and rest perfusion acquisitions in the three groups. The signal intensity of the spleen and myocardium and the presence of inducible ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement were assessed.Statistical AnalysisT‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi‐squared test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsSSO was present more frequently in patients receiving 175 μg/kg/min and 210 μg/kg/min (31/33 [94%] and 27/29 [93%], respectively) compared to those receiving the standard dose (19/33 [58%], P < 0.05). A positive stress result was noted in 3/33 (9%) patients receiving 140 μg/kg/min vs. 9/33 (27%) patients receiving 175 μg/kg/min and 10/31 (33%) patients receiving 210 μg/kg/min (P < 0.05 for all, P < 0.05 for group 1 vs. groups 2, 3). The relative decrease of splenic signal intensity at hyperemia vs. baseline was significantly lower in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (−33% vs. −54%, −56%, respectively; P < 0.05). No adverse events during scanning were noted in groups 1 and 2, whereas in group 3 four examinations were stopped due to severe dyspnea (n = 2) and AV‐blockage (n = 2).Data ConclusionA dosage of 175 μg/kg/min adenosine results in a higher proportion of SSO, which may be an indirect marker of adequate coronary vasodilatation and simultaneously offers similar safety compared to the standard 140 μg/kg/min dosage.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1732–1742.
Direct arterial damage and neurovascular unit disruption by mechanical thrombectomy in a rat stroke model
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Yamashita Toru , Tadokoro Koh , Matsumoto Namiko , Nomura Emi , Omote Yoshio , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke that could cause hemorrhagic complications. We aimed to evaluate the pathology of MT‐induced arterial damage and neurovascular unit (NVU) disruption in relation to tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) injection for acute ischemic stroke. We induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in male SHR/Izm rats for 2 hr. This was followed by reperfusion with/without tPA (3 mg/kg) and “rough suture” insertion that mimicked MT once or thrice (MT1 or MT3). Compared with the control group, the tPA + MT3 group presented with an increase in the cerebral infarct and hemorrhage with severer IgG leakage. Moreover, structural damage reaching the tunica media was detected in the MT3 and tPA + MT3 groups. The tPA + MT3 group presented with increased matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression with some MMP9‐positive cells expressing a neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, basal lamina detachment from astrocyte foot processes was observed in the tPA + MT1 and tPA + MT3 groups. These findings suggest that MT causes direct arterial damage, as well as VEGF and MMP9 upregulation, which results in NVU disruption and hemorrhagic complications in acute ischemic stroke, especially when combined with tPA.
Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Properties of Electrospun PVDF‐TrFE Nanofibers and their Role in Electromechanical Transduction in Nanogenerators and Strain Sensors
Authors: Calavalle Francesco , Zaccaria Marco , Selleri Giacomo , Cramer Tobias , Fabiani Davide , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPiezo‐ and ferroelectric nanofibers of the polymer poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) have been widely employed in strain and pressure sensors as well as nanogenerators for energy harvesting. Despite this interest, the mechanism of electromechanical transduction is under debate and a deeper knowledge about relevant piezoelectric or electrostatic properties of nanofibers is crucial to optimize transduction efficiency. Here poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene) nanofibers at different electrospinning conditions are prepared. Macroscopic electromechanical response of fiber mats with microscopic analysis of single nanofibers performed by piezoelectric and electrostatic force microscopy are compared. The results show that electrospinning favors the formation of the piezoelectric β‐phase in the polymer and leads directly to piezoelectric properties that are comparable to annealed thin films. However, during electrospinning the electric field is not strong enough to induce direct ferroelectric domain polarization. Instead accumulation of triboelectric surface charges and trapped space charge is observed in the polymer that explain the electret like macroscopic electromechanical response.
Skin Biopsy May Help to Distinguish Multiple System Atrophy–Parkinsonism from Parkinson's Disease With Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Donadio Vincenzo , Incensi Alex , Rizzo Giovanni , De Micco Rosa , Tessitore Alessandro , Devigili Grazia , Del Sorbo Francesca , Bonvegna Salvatore , Infante Rossella , Magnani Martina , Zenesini Corrado , Vignatelli Luca , Cilia Roberto , Eleopra Roberto , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Liguori Rocco 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe differential diagnosis between multiple system atrophy parkinsonism type (MSA‐P) and Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension (PD+OH) is difficult because the 2 diseases have a similar clinical picture. The aim of this study is to distinguish MSA‐P from PD+OH by immunostaining for abnormal phosphorylated α‐synuclein at serine 129 (p‐syn) in cutaneous nerves.MethodWe recruited 50 patients with parkinsonism and chronic orthostatic hypotension: 25 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MSA‐P and 25 patients for PD+OH. The patients underwent a skin biopsy from the cervical area, thigh, and leg to analyze somatic and autonomic skin innervation and p‐syn in skin nerves.ResultsIntraneural p‐syn positivity was found in 72% of patients with MSA‐P, mainly in distal skin sites. More important, p‐syn deposits in MSA‐P differed from PD+OH because they were mainly found in somatic fibers of subepidermal plexi, whereas scant autonomic fiber involvement was found in only 3 patients. All patients with PD+OH displayed widely distributed p‐syn deposits in the autonomic skin fibers of proximal and distal skin sites, whereas somatic fibers were affected only slightly in 4 patients with PD+OH. Skin innervation mirrored p‐syn deposits because somatic innervation was mainly reduced in MSA‐P. Sympathetic innervation was damaged in PD+OH but fairly preserved in MSA‐P.ConclusionsThe p‐syn in cutaneous nerves allows the differentiation of MSA‐P from PD+OH; MSA‐P mainly shows somatic fiber involvement with relatively preserved autonomic innervation; and by contrast, PD+OH displays prevalent abnormal p‐syn deposits and denervation in autonomic postganglionic nerves. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Subclinical Cardiac Microdamage, Motor Severity, and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Choe Chi‐un , Niemann Louisa , Englisch Catrin , Petersen Elina , Buhmann Carsten , Pötter‐Nerger Monika , Blankenberg Stefan , Gerloff Christian , Schwedhelm Edzard , Zeller Tanja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed if cardiac blood markers are associated with motor and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsHigh‐sensitivity troponin I and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were evaluated in 285 PD patients. Furthermore, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels were analyzed in 570 age, sex and cardiovascular risk factor matched healthy controls. Motor (UPDRS, Hoehn &Yahr) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessemtn) were assessed at baseline in all 285 patients and after 1 year in 101 patients.ResultsN‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide were significantly increased in 285 PD patients compared with 570 matched healthy controls. In PD patients, increased high‐sensitivity troponin I and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels were associated with worse motor function at baseline and also with motor decline after 1 year. N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin I were inversely associated with cognitive function at baseline only in unadjusted models.ConclusionsSubclinical cardiac microdamage is associated with motor severity in PD patients. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.