bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between social and intellectual activities with cognitive trajectories in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Li Haibin , Li Changwei , Wang Anxin , Feng Wei , Hou Chengbei , Tao Lixin , Liu Xiangtong , Li Xia , Wang Wei , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Associations between the frequency of social and intellectual activities and cognitive trajectories are understudied in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. We aimed to examine this association in a nationally representative longitudinal study.Methods The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a prospective cohort study conducted from 2011 to 2016, with a nationally representative sample of Chinese middle-aged and older participants. The frequency of social and intellectual activities was measured in 2011-2012. Interview-based cognitive assessments of orientation and attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial skills and the calculation of combined global scores were conducted in three waves (2011-2012, 2013-2014 and 2015-2016). Cognitive trajectories over the study period were analyzed using group-based trajectory models (GBTMs), and the associations of the trajectory memberships with social and intellectual activities were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.Results After excluding respondents with missing data on cognitive function, we ultimately included 7243 participants aged 50 years or older in the analysis. Three trajectory groups for global cognitive performance over time were identiﬁed: low (20.34%), intermediate (34.39%) and high (45.27%). After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, lifestyles and health conditions, more frequent intellectual activities (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.58) and social activities (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56 - 0.78) were both associated with a lower likelihood of being in the low global cognitive trajectory group than in the high trajectory group in separate analyses. These associations persisted after mutually exclusive adjustment for social and intellectual activities.Conclusions More frequent social and intellectual activities were associated with more favorable cognitive aging trajectories. Increasing the frequency of engagement in social and intellectual activities might help delay or prevent cognitive impairment in older people.
Dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhu Xi , Zhou Dan , Han Fang , Yang Xu Dong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common and significant problems for oral and maxillofacial surgery patients. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, has been proven having lung protection effects. However, since now, there has not been final conclusion about whether DEX can reduce the incidence of PPCs. We hypothesize that, in oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction patients, DEX may decrease the incidence of PPCs.Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centered trial with two parallel arms. A total of 160 patients at intermediate-to-high risk of PPCs undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction and tracheotomy were enrolled and randomized to receive continuous infusion of either DEX or placebo (normal saline). 0.4ug/kg dose of DEX was given over 10mins as an initial dose followed by a maintaining dose of 0.4ug/kg/h till the second day morning after surgery. At the same time, the normal saline was administered a similar quantity. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs according to Clavien-Dindo score within 7 days after surgery.Results: The two groups had similar characteristics at baseline. 18(22.5%) of 80 patients administered DEX, and 32(40.0%) of 80 patient administered placebo experienced PPCs within the first 7 days after surgery (relative ratio [RR] 0.563,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.346-0.916; P=0.017). In the first 7 days after surgery, the DEX group had a lower incidence of PPCs and a better postoperative survival probability (Log-rank test, P=0.019), and was less prone to occur PPCs (Cox regression, P=0.025, HR=0.516). When the total dose of DEX was more than 328μg, the patients were unlikely to have PPCs (ROC curve, AUC=0.614, P=0.009).Conclusions: Continuous infusion of DEX marks a huge decrease in the appearance of PPCs within the first 7days after surgery, for patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction and tracheotomy.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, www.chictr.org.cn, number: ChiCTR1800016153; Registered on May 15, 2018.
A Proposed Framework of Factors Affecting Patient Adoption of mHealth in the Developing World.
Authors: Addotey-Delove Michael Nii-Addotey , Scott Richard E. , Mars Maurice 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Patient perceptions and experiences of mobile health (m-health) systems have been recognised as an important element to consider in the adoption of m-health based technologies. Though much research supports this, published studies on m-health use by patients appear to highlight these issues in an isolated rather than holistic manner. Consequently, there is no encompassing framework that serves as a guide for effective implementation and maximum adoption of m-health from patients’ perspective in the developing world. This review documents patient adoption issues, and uses these to develop a framework of patient adoption issues for m-health in the developing world.
A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus. For PubMed a consolidated search string combined ‘MESH’ terms and ‘All Fields’ terms for selected keywords. For Scopus an equally consolidated search string was used. The searches were restricted to articles in English during the period January 2000 - December2018 and relevant to the developing world. Duplicate articles were removed. Titles and abstracts were screened by all authors for inclusion, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text review. Review and data abstraction was performed by two authors.
Fifty four articles reported factors that impact patient adoption. Review and data abstraction identified specific factors, initially classified under 22 categories, that promote or impede m-health adoption in the developing world. Continued iterative review and discussion reduced these to 7 primary categories, with 21 sub-categories.
The review showed: great inconsistency in the approach and tools used in published studies; multiple factors impact patient adoption of m-health in the developing world; the specific factors vary from setting to setting (e.g., country, rurality, mobile device type) and by recency of findings. Successful adoption of m-health by patients in the developing world critically depends on addressing the factors identified in the proposed framework, and assessing them prior to implementation of m-health initiatives in any specific setting. The framework will serve to: increase the consistency of patient adoption studies, form the basis for informed policy decisions by stakeholders, and provide the foundation for greater success of future m-health implementations for patients in the developing world.
Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study
Authors: Farhood Bagher , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Amini Peyman , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Mohseni Mehran , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Moradi Habiballah , Najafi Masoud 
Published: November 2019

Aim:
In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced
toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with
resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid.

Background:
After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical
cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality
of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect
and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals
via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol.

Objective:
This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol
and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study.

Methods:
60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment,
alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and
irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from
a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h
after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological
evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon.

Results and Conclusion:
Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels,
goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes,
especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate
morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury.

Conclusion:
Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in
the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol
may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.
Madecassic Acid Reduces Fast Transient Potassium Channels and Promotes Neurite Elongation in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons
Authors: Siddiqui Sonia , Khan Faisal , Jamali Khawar Saeed , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:
Madecassic Acid (MA) is well known to induce neurite elongation.
However, its correlation with the expression of fast transient potassium (AKv) channels during
neuronal development has not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate
the effects of MA on the modulation of AKv channels during neurite outgrowth.

Methods:
Neurite outgrowth was measured with morphometry software, and Kv4 currents were recorded
by using the patch clamp technique.

Results:
The ability of MA to promote neurite outgrowth is dose-dependent and was blocked by using
the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. MA reduced the peak current
density and surface expression of the AKv channel Kv4.2 with or without the presence of NaN3.
The surface expression of Kv4.2 channels was also reduced after MA treatment of growing neurons.
Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker,
MK801 along with MA prevented the effect of MA on neurite length, indicating that calcium entry
through NMDA receptors is necessary for MA-induced neurite outgrowth.

Conclusion:
The data demonstrated that MA increased neurite outgrowth by internalizing AKv channels
in neurons. Any alterations in the precise density of ion channels can lead to deleterious consequences
on health because it changes the electrical and mechanical function of a neuron or a cell.
Modulating ion channel’s density is exciting research in order to develop novel drugs for the therapeutic
treatment of various diseases of CNS.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE MICROSPONGE GEL
Authors: THAVVA VEDAVATHI , BARATAM SRINIVASA RAO 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Terbinafine hydrochloride microsponges using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique and microsponge gel by using carbopol for controlled release of the drug and consequently avoiding its side effects.
Methods: Microsponges containing Terbinafine hydrochloride were obtained successfully with six different drugs: polymer ratios. The formulations were studied for particle size, physical characterization, and in vitro release.
Results: A selected THCI microsponge (MS IV) due to its better results when compared to other microsponge formulations was incorporated in different concentrations of carbopol and formulated as gels and evaluated for its pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, in vitro release, antifungal activity and in vivo studies. Among the four microsponge gel formulations, THMG II showed better results like pH 6.2, viscosity 3960 cps, spreadability 18.1 g cm/s, drug content of 87.6% and drug release showed fickian release pattern. The antifungal studies showed a zone of inhibition with 15.8 mm when compared to the pure drug, 19.2 mm, marketed formulation 16.0 mm and also showed better antifungal activity on fungal induced guinea pig skin when compared with control.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that the controlled release of terbinafine hydrochloride from the microsponge gel reduced side effects and remarkably decreased gel application for fungal treatment.
SIMULTANEOUS ASSAYS OF METFORMIN HCL AND GLIBENCLAMIDE MIXTURE USING TWO ANALYTICAL METHODS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: BACHRI MUCHLISYAM 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Area Under Curve method (AUC) and the Multiple Wavelength Spectrophotometric (MWS) method are practice and simple methods for simultaneous assays of Metformin HCl and Glibenclamide on the tablet dosage form.
Methods: The AUC method is measured for the absorption spectrum with a concentration 4 mg/l Metformin HCl by calculating the area spectrum at wavelength 230-240 nm and the absorption spectrum with a concentration 8.7 mg/l Glibenclamide by calculating the area at wavelength 225-235 nm. The MWS by determining the absorption spectrum and the five wavelength points for the absorption value at 225 nm, 229.4 nm, 236.6 nm, 233 nm, and 243 nm and calculated using matrix operations.
Results: The validation test of the AUC method for Metformin HCl obtained accuracy = 99.35%, linearity = 0.9881, precision = 0.39%, LOD = 0.4459 mg/l. LOQ = 1.4864 mg/l and for Glibenclamide obtained accuracy = 100.79%, linearity = 0.9993, precision = 0.65%, LOD=0.4372 mg/l, LOQ = 1.4072 mg/l and the MWS method for Metformin HCl obtained accuracy = 100.76%, linearity 0.9949, precision = 0.65%, LOD = 0.9103 mg/l, LOQ = 3.0431 mg/l, and for Glibenclamide with accuracy = 100.07%, linearity = 0.9993. precision = 0.36%, LOD = 0.9205 mg/l. LOQ = 3.0431 mg/l , and appropriate the requirements of ICH guidelines.
Conclusion: These Methods successively applied to determine of Metformin HCl and Glibenclamide mixture in tablet dosage form and fulfill the validation requirements.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF LEVAMISOLE CHEWABLE TABLETS
Authors: CHAUDHARY PRADIP KUMAR , T. ABDUL RAHEEM , MACHALE MANJUNATH U , VASIA  , SHAIK SADIK  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare and optimize levamisole chewable tablets by using various super disintegrants, namely; sodium starch glycolate, DRC Indion 204, and DRC Indion 234.
Methods: Drug excipient compatibility study was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy to verify the compatibility of levamisole with the excipients. Nine batches of levamisole chewable tablets were prepared according to 32 factorial designs using a direct compression method by optimizing the super disintegrant concentration. The powder blend was exposed to pre-compression studies of the powder blend followed by post-compression studies of the formulated tablets.
Results: FTIR study revealed that the excipients used in the formulations were compatible with the drug. The pre-compression and post-compression parameters were found within the IP limits. Form the dissolution studies, it was evident that the formulation prepared with DRC Indion 234 (50 mg) showed maximum percentage drug release in 45 min (97.13%) hence it is considered as optimized formulation. When compared to all other formulation, the batches with DRC Indion 234 (F7-F9) showed a better release of the drug (90 % drug release within 45 min).
Conclusion: Nine batches of levamisole chewable tablets were successfully formulated by optimizing the concentration of super disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, DRC Indion 204, and DRC Indion 234. It was concluded from the dissolution studies that the DRC Indion 234 is the best super disintegrant irrespective of their concentration for the formulation of levamisole chewable tablets when compared to sodium starch Glycolate and DRC Indion 204.
DESIGN AND IN VITRO RELEASE KINETICS OF LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION OF ACYCLOVIR
Authors: ROY DEBATRI , DAS SUDIPTA , SAMANTA ARNAB 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate liposomes loaded with acyclovir.
Methods: Liposomal formulation of acyclovir was prepared by “thin lipid film method”. Mixture of phosphotidyl choline (soya lecithin), acyclovir and cholesterol of varying weight ratio was used for the preparation of liposomes. Total nine batches were prepared and each batch was prepared in triplicate. All batches were evaluated by drug entrapment and release kinetic studies. Stability study was carried out with F4 batch.
Results: F2 and F9formulations showed better drug entrapment efficiency compared to the other batches. The drug entrapment efficiency of all batches was found within the range of 51.42 % to 79.0 %. F4 shows highest release of about 79.0% in 4 h. F4 formulation was found to follow significantly zero-order release kinetics. Short term stability study of formulation F4 showed no significant change in release kinetics.
Conclusion: The F4 batches showed promising results compared to other formulations. No changes were founded during the short-term stability study of F4.
OPTIMIZATION AND PREPARATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE INCORPORATED TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF TIMOLOL MALEATE USING FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: PARVEEN KUMAR  , SHRIVASTAVA BIRENDRA , GUPTA MADAN MOHAN , SHARMA ANIL KUMAR 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Transdermal patch of timolol maleate was prepared in order to increase the permeability of the drug topically.
Methods: The timolol maleate (TM) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. For the optimization process full factorial (three-factor and three-level), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) range from 100 to 300 mg, ethylcellulose 100 to 200 gm and almond oil 3 to 4 ml. The response noted in form of tensile strength and percent drug release. These transdermal patches were evaluated for physical characterization like weight variation, thickness, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss, water vapor transmission rate, folding endurance, tensile strength, and content uniformity.
Results: Solid lipid nanoparticles of TM were optimized and prepared, the data presented that drug release percent ranged from 66.12 to 91.75. 2FI model was observed to fit for response % drug permeation with a p and F value of 0.0271 and 4.50. The tensile strength varies from 0.358 to 0.508. The linear model was observed to fit for the tensile strength response with a p-value and F-value of<0.0001 and 52.41.
Conclusion: The controlled release formulation of Timolol Maleate was successfully optimized and prepared, a study conducted to investigate the effect of different polymers and type of permeation time profiles from Timolol Maleate patches.
ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT
Authors: RAJPUT MUHAMMAD ALI , ZEHRA TABASSUM , ALI FIZZAH , KUMAR GUNESH 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation.
Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes.
Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes.
Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. LEAF
Authors: SHIL DIBYENDU , LALOO DAMIKI , CHANDA DAS SMRITI REKHA , DASH SUVAKANTA 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of Physalis minima leaf.
Methods: The leaf of Physalis minima was examined for macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Extracts obtained from the leaf was analyzed for phytochemical screening and estimation of total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid content following the standard procedure available in the literature.
Results: Morphologically, the leaf was found to be ovate in shape, 5 to 8 cm long and up to 3 cm width with dentate margin, asymmetrical base, hairy surface, reticulate veins on each side of midrib, green in colour, characteristic odour and slight bitter in taste. Microscopic study has shown the important diagnostic characters of Solanaceae family which is characterized by presence of dorsiventral leaf with anomocytic stomata, grandular or uniseriate trichomes and cluster crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters like foreign organic matter (0.78%), loss on drying (8.23%), total ash (11.4%), acid insoluble ash (2.2%), water-soluble ash (6.1%), sulphated ash (2.4%) alcohol soluble extractive (10.4%), water-soluble extractive (9.5%), ether soluble extractive (1.8%) foaming index (below 100), swelling index (1), volatile oil and heavy metal content were quantified. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Physalis minima leaf has shown the presence of phytoconstituents viz. alkaloids, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, protein. Quantification of phytoconstituents was also reported like phenols (10.59±0.65 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid), tannin (8.24±0.27 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid) and flavonoids (87.17±0.87 mg/gm equivalent to rutin) respectively.
Conclusion: This present study was provided the qualitative and quantitative standard of Physalis minima will help to prevent the possible steps of adulteration with other species of the same genus.