bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human placental extract attenuates neurological symptoms in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis-a putative approach in MS disease?
Authors: Jazayeri Mir Hadi , barzaman Khadijeh , Nedaeinia Reza , Aghaie Tayebe , Motallebnezhad Morteza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Different studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of human placental extract both in vivo and in vitro. Considering the chronic inflammatory nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, we examined whether or not the administration of human placental extract is able to attenuate the neurological symptoms detected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS.

Methods
The injected myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced EAE in mice, and treatment began from day 4 post-injection by intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg human placental extract, repeated every other day up to day 31 post-injection. At the end of the treatment, luxol fast blue (LBS) staining and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were performed to evaluate the demyelination of neurons and inflammatory responses, respectively. Further assessed were the serum concentrations of IL-23 and IL-27.

Results
The administration of human placental extract was able to significantly reduce the mean clinical score in EAE mice, decrease the pro-inflammatory process and attenuate neural demyelination. Moreover, while the serum concentration of IL-23 was significantly diminished in the EAE mice receiving human placental extract compared to the non-treated EAE group, IL-27 concentration was significantly increased.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated the administration of human placental extract could significantly attenuate the neurological symptoms in the EAE model of MS in part through modulating the serum levels of IL-23 and IL-27 and enhancing neuroprotection and myelin repair.
Zinc uptake system ZnuACB is essential for maintaining pathogenic phenotype of F4ac+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) under a zinc restricted environment
Authors: Quan Guomei , Xia Pengpeng , Lian Siqi , Wu Yunping , Zhu Guoqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractZinc is the second trace element of living organisms after iron. Given its crucial importance, mammalian hosts restrict the bioavailability of Zinc ions (Zn2+) to bacterial pathogens. As a countermeasure, pathogens utilize high affinity Zn2+ transporters, such as ZnuACB to compete with the host for zinc. It is essential for bacteria to maintain zinc homeostasis and thus maintain their physiology and pathogenesis. In an attempt to uncover the zinc transporter in F4+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) C83902, we analyzed two RNA-seq data sets of bacteria samples when different zinc treatments (restriction or abundance) were applied. Considering data revealing that the high affinity zinc uptake system ZnuACB acts as the main transporter in ETEC C83902 to resist zinc deficiency, we deleted znuACB genes to study the role of them in ETEC C83902. The deletion of znuACB genes results in growth perturbation and a sharp decrease in the ability of biofilm formation and adhesion of bacteria in vitro. Taking the data together, this study demonstrates that the ZnuACB system is required for ETEC C83902 to acquire zinc, which highly contributes to ETEC pathogenicity as well.
Nigella A ameliorates inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance in DSS induced colitis mice
Authors: Hu Xingjiang , Xu Nana , Yang Xi , Hu Xi , Zheng Yunliang , Zhang Qiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNigella A, also named Sieboldianoside A, has been extracted from many kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), such as Nigella glandulifera, Stauntonia chinensis DC., and the leaves of Acanthopanax sieboldianus. Nigella A exhibited potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. However, whether Nigella A could treat ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unknown. As saponins always be regarded as the kinds of ingredients that could regulate immunity and intestinal flora. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Nigella A on UC and explore its effect on intestinal flora. We noted that Nigella A and Sulfasalazine (SASP) could significantly improve the signs and symptoms, alleviate colonic pathological injury in DSS-induced mice. The changing of many specific bacterial genus such as Lactobacillus, Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides and Escherichia might closely related to the recovery of intestinal inflammatory response. This study initially confirmed the therapeutic effect of Nigella A and SASP on DSS-induced colitis by improving the diversity of intestinal microbial composition. Nigella A has the potential to be developed for the treatment of UC and other disorders related to the imbalance of intestinal flora.
A fourth-order cumulant orthonormal propagator rooting method based on Toeplitz approximation
Authors: Shi Heping , Ma Ning , Guan Zhiwei , Zhang Lizhu , Jiang Shan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel Toeplitz fourth-order cumulant (FOC) orthonormal propagator rooting method (TFOC ‐ OPRM) of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for uniform linear array (ULA) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the modified (i.e., reduced-dimension)FOC  (MFOC) matrix is achieved at first via removing the redundant information encompassed in the primaryFOCmatrix; then, theTFOCmatrix which possesses Toeplitz structure can be recovered by utilizing the Toeplitz approximation method. To reduce the computational complexity, an effective method based on the polynomial rooting technology is adopted. Finally, the DOAs of incident signals can be estimated by exploiting orthonormal propagator rooting method. The theoretical analysis coupled with simulation results show that the proposed resultant algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly, as well as improve the estimation performance in both spatially white noise environment and spatially color noise environment.
Outcomes after corrective surgery for congenital dextro-transposition of the arteries using the arterial switch technique: a scoping systematic review
Authors: Morfaw Frederick , Leenus Alvin , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Anderson Laura N. , Dillenburg Rejane , Thabane Lehana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart pathology in neonates. Surgical correction of this condition is possible using the arterial switch operation (ASO) which was first performed by Jatene in 1975.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to summarise the evidence on short- (less than 1 year), medium- (1–20 years), and long-term (more than 20 years) outcomes of children withd-TGA treated with the ASO. The primary outcome was survival. Secondary outcomes were freedom from cardiac reoperations, occurrence of aortic insufficiency, pulmonary stenosis, coronary artery anomalies, neuropsychological development problems and quality of life.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and reference lists of included articles for studies reporting outcomes after ASO ford-TGA. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done independently by two reviewers. We pooled data using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions and, where not possible, outcomes were synthesized narratively. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.Main resultsFollowing ASO for TGA, short-term survival was 92.0% (95% CI 91.0–93.0%;I2= 85.8%, 151 studies, 30,186 participants; moderate certainty evidence). Medium-term survival was 90.0% (95% CI 89.0–91.0%;I2= 84.3%, 133 studies; 23,686 participants, moderate certainty evidence), while long-term survival was 87.0% (95% CI 80.0–92.0 %;I2= 84.5%, 4 studies, 933 participants, very low certainty evidence). Evaluation of the different secondary outcomes also showed satisfactory results in the short, medium and long term. Subgroup analysis suggests slightly higher survival following ASO for TGA in the second surgical era (1998 to 2018) than in the first surgical era (1975 to 1997) in the short and medium term [93.0% (95% CI 92.0–94.0) vs 90.0% (95% CI 89.0–92.0) and 93.0% (95% CI 91.0–94.0) vs 88.0% (87.0–90.0%) respectively] but not in the long term [81.0% (95% CI 76.0–86.0%) vs 89.0% (80.0–95.0%)].ConclusionsPooled data from many sources suggests that the ASO ford-TGA leads to high rates of survival in the short, medium, and long term.
Low Mach number limit for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and vorticity-slip boundary condition
Authors: Ren Dandan , Ding Yunting , Liang Xinfeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and vorticity-slip boundary condition in a bounded smooth domain. The main idea is to derive the uniform estimates for both time and the Mach number. The difficulty is dealing with density-dependent viscosity terms carefully. With the uniform estimates, we can verify the low Mach limit of the global strong solutions of compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the global existence and uniqueness of the strong solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations around a steady state.
Multiplicity results for sublinear elliptic equations with sign-changing potential and general nonlinearity
Authors: He Wei , Wu Qingfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the following elliptic boundary value problem:
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+V(x)u=f(x, u),\quad x\in \Omega , \\ u=0, \quad x \in \partial \Omega , \end{cases} $$

{

−
Δ
u
+
V
(
x
)
u
=
f
(
x
,
u
)
,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
0
,

x
∈
∂
Ω
,

where $\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{N}$
Ω
⊂

R
N

is a bounded domain with smooth boundary ∂Ω, and f is allowed to be sign-changing and is of sublinear growth near infinity in u. For both cases that $V\in L^{N/2}(\Omega )$
V
∈

L

N
/
2

(
Ω
)
with $N\geq 3$
N
≥
3
and that $V\in C(\Omega , \mathbb {R})$
V
∈
C
(
Ω
,
R
)
with $\inf_{\Omega }V(x)>-\infty $

inf
Ω

V
(
x
)
>
−
∞
, we establish a sequence of nontrivial solutions converging to zero for above equation via a new critical point theorem.
The step-type contrast structure for a second order semi-linear singularly perturbed differential-difference equation
Authors: Xu Mei , Wang Bingxian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe step-type contrast structure for a second order semi-linear singularly perturbed differential-difference equation is studied. Using the methods of boundary function and fractional steps, we construct the formula asymptotic expansion of the problem. At the same time, based on sewing techniques, the existence of the step-type contrast structure solution and the uniform validity of the asymptotic expansion are proved.
Time-continuous and time-discrete SIR models revisited: theory and applications
Authors: Wacker Benjamin , Schlüter Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince Kermack and McKendrick have introduced their famous epidemiological SIR model in 1927, mathematical epidemiology has grown as an interdisciplinary research discipline including knowledge from biology, computer science, or mathematics. Due to current threatening epidemics such as COVID-19, this interest is continuously rising. As our main goal, we establish an implicit time-discrete SIR (susceptible people–infectious people–recovered people) model. For this purpose, we first introduce its continuous variant with time-varying transmission and recovery rates and, as our first contribution, discuss thoroughly its properties. With respect to these results, we develop different possible time-discrete SIR models, we derive our implicit time-discrete SIR model in contrast to many other works which mainly investigate explicit time-discrete schemes and, as our main contribution, show unique solvability and further desirable properties compared to its continuous version. We thoroughly show that many of the desired properties of the time-continuous case are still valid in the time-discrete implicit case. Especially, we prove an upper error bound for our time-discrete implicit numerical scheme. Finally, we apply our proposed time-discrete SIR model to currently available data regarding the spread of COVID-19 in Germany and Iran.
Identifying the space source term problem for time-space-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Karapinar Erdal , Kumar Devendra , Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Luc Nguyen Hoang , Can N. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider an inverse source problem for the time-space-fractional diffusion equation. Here, in the sense of Hadamard, we prove that the problem is severely ill-posed. By applying the quasi-reversibility regularization method, we propose by this method to solve the problem (1.1). After that, we give an error estimate between the sought solution and regularized solution under a prior parameter choice rule and a posterior parameter choice rule, respectively. Finally, we present a numerical example to find that the proposed method works well.
The Nehari manifold method for discrete fractional p-Laplacian equations
Authors: Ju Xuewei , Die Hu , Xiang Mingqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the multiplicity of homoclinic solutions for a discrete fractional difference equation. First, we give a variational framework to a discrete fractional p-Laplacian equation. Then two nontrivial and nonnegative homoclinic solutions are obtained by using the Nehari manifold method.
Some expansion formulas for incomplete H- and H̅-functions involving Bessel functions
Authors: Meena Sapna , Bhatter Sanjay , Jangid Kamlesh , Purohit Sunil Dutt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we assess an integral containing incomplete H-functions and utilize it to build up an expansion formula for the incomplete H-functions including the Bessel function. Next, we evaluate an integral containing incomplete H̅-functions and use it to develop an expansion formula for the incomplete H̅-functions including the Bessel function. The outcomes introduced in this paper are general in nature, and several particular cases can be acquired by giving specific values to the parameters engaged with the principle results. As particular cases, we derive expansions for the incomplete Meijer ${}^{(\Gamma )}G$

G

(
Γ
)

-function, Fox–Wright ${}_{p}\Psi _{q}^{(\Gamma )}$

Ψ
q

(
Γ
)

p

-function, and generalized hypergeometric ${}_{p}\Gamma _{q}$

Γ
q

p

function.
Identities on poly-Dedekind sums
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Lee Hyunseok , Jang Lee-Chae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDedekind sums occur in the transformation behavior of the logarithm of the Dedekind eta-function under substitutions from the modular group. In 1892, Dedekind showed a reciprocity relation for the Dedekind sums. Apostol generalized Dedekind sums by replacing the first Bernoulli function appearing in them by any Bernoulli functions and derived a reciprocity relation for the generalized Dedekind sums. In this paper, we consider the poly-Dedekind sums obtained from the Dedekind sums by replacing the first Bernoulli function by any type 2 poly-Bernoulli functions of arbitrary indices and prove a reciprocity relation for the poly-Dedekind sums.
Economic potentials of artisanal food processing microenterprises in West Africa: case of “atta” production in Cotonou (Benin)
Authors: Kpossilande Claudia E. , Honfoga Barthélemy G. , Ferre Thierry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid population growth and urbanization in West Africa have led to profound changes in the lifestyles and diets of urban dwellers. These changes are marked by greater preference for healthier and more nutritious foods, easy to prepare and to consume while saving time. Hence, the development of small-scale food processing and catering activities in the cities. However, despite its importance, the urban food industry still faces several constraints, mainly the lack of equipment that would save cooking time and increase the nutritional quality of final products for consumers. Promoting optimum food processing technologies and business processes has therefore become a major concern for research and policy-makers. This study was conducted as part of the ICOWPEA research project aimed at assessing the economic and sales potential of artisanal food processing microenterprises that produce “atta,” a cowpea fritter or snack, in the city of Cotonou. A sample of twenty-seven women-headed microenterprises was randomly selected from a list of 125 recorded in 22 streets distributed across 13 districts of the city. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The survey allowed us to assess how they function, their production costs, and financial performance. The surveyed microenterprises belonged to woman artisans, average age 45, who ran their own businesses. Microenterprises allow many young family members to enter the informal job market. While knowledge is mostly transmitted from mother to daughter and based on learning by doing, very simple processing tools are used. Although mechanical milling is used at some stages of cowpea processing, overall, artisanal “atta” production is a low-profitability business with a return rate of only 11.7%. However, it contributes to feeding the family and rewards family labor that accounts for up to 27.6% of total production cost. In addition to creating jobs for low-income female youth, the activity accounts for a remarkable share of the urban food business sector in Cotonou. Technological upgrading and business empowerment are required for these women to become real entrepreneurs and to overcome the key constraints they face, including the lack of access to credit and absence of improved technologies, training and government recognition. In that respect, appropriate policies are needed to take them out of poverty and make Benin the emerging economy it aspires to be. In particular, a dedicated investment and business development support scheme is required to better meet the growing domestic urban food demand and, in the near future, to envisage the export of stabilized and safer finished cowpea products.
Individual variations and sex differences in hemodynamics with percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in young Andean highlanders in Bolivia
Authors: Nishimura Takayuki , Ugarte Juan , Ohnishi Mayumi , Nishihara Mika , Alvarez Guillermo , Yasukochi Yoshiki , Fukuda Hideki , Arima Kazuhiko , Watanuki Shigeki , Mendoza Victor , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Many studies have reported specific adaptations to high altitude, but few studies have focused on physiological variations in high-altitude adaptation in Andean highlanders. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between SpO2 and related factors, including individual variations and sex differences, in Andean highlanders.

Methods
The participants were community-dwelling people in La Paz, Bolivia, aged 20 years and over (age range 20–34 years). A total of 50 men and 50 women participated in this study. Height, weight, SpO2, hemoglobin concentration, finger temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured. Information about lifestyle was also obtained by interview.

Results
There were individual variations of SpO2 both in men (mean 89.9%, range 84.0–95.0%) and women (mean 91.0%, range 84.0–96.0%). On Student’s t test, men had significantly lower heart rate (p = 0.046) and SpO2 (p = 0.030) than women. On the other hand, men had significantly higher SBP (p < 0.001), hemoglobin (p < 0.001), and finger temperature (p = 0.004). In men, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that a higher SpO2 was correlated with a lower heart rate (β = − 0.089, p = 0.007) and a higher finger temperature (β = 0.308, p = 0.030) (r2 for model = 0.18). In women, a higher SpO2 was significantly correlated with a higher finger temperature (β = 0.391, p = 0.015) (r2 for model = 0.12). A higher SpO2 was related to a higher finger temperature (β = 0.286, p = 0.014) and a lower heart rate (β = − 0.052, p = 0.029) in all participants (r2 for model = 0.21). Residual analysis showed that individual SpO2 values were randomly plotted.

Conclusion
Random plots of SpO2 on residual analysis indicated that these variations were random error, such as biological variation. A higher SpO2 was related to a lower heart rate and finger temperature in men, but a higher SpO2 was related to finger temperature in women. These results suggest that there are individual variations and sex differences in the hemodynamic responses of high-altitude adaptation in Andean highlanders.
NOD-like receptors mediate inflammatory lung injury during plateau hypoxia exposure
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Lin Xue , Pu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The lung is an important target organ for hypoxia treatment, and hypoxia can induce several diseases in the body.

Methods
We performed transcriptome sequencing for the lungs of rats exposed to plateau hypoxia at 0 day and 28 days. Sequencing libraries were constructed, and enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was implemented using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, experimental validation was executed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot.

Results
The results showed that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway that was involved in immunity may play a crucial function in lung injury caused by plateau hypoxia. And the expressions of NOD1, NOD2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were higher at 28 days of exposure to plateau hypoxia than that at 0 day. Similarly, CARD9, MYD88, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB p65, which are related to the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, also demonstrated increased expression at 28 days exposure to plateau hypoxia than at 0 day.

Conclusions
Our study suggested that the NF­κBp65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways may be activated in the lungs of rats during plateau hypoxia. Upregulated expression of NF­κBp65 and p38 MAPK can promote the transcription of downstream inflammatory factors, thereby aggravating the occurrence and development of lung tissue remodeling.