bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines
Authors: De Castro Leonardo , Lopez Alexander Atrio , Hamoy Geohari , Alba Kriedge Chlare , Gundayao Joshua Cedric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing a fair allocation approach, this paper identifies and examines important concerns arising from the Philippines’ COVID‐19 response while focusing on difficulties encountered by various sectors in gaining fair access to needed societal resources. The effectiveness of different response measures is anchored on addressing inequities that have permeated Philippine society for a long time. Since most measures that are in place as part of the COVID‐19 response are meant to be temporary, these are unable to resolve the inequities that have led to the magnitude of morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. These cannot improve the country’s readiness to deal with pandemics and other emergencies in the future.Transition to a new normal recognizes the possibility that other infectious diseases could come and endanger our health security. Our pandemic experiences are proving that having an egalitarian society will serve the interests not only of disadvantaged sectors but also of everybody else, including the privileged. Response measures should thus take the opportunity to promote equity by giving importance to the concerns of the underprivileged and vulnerable while giving preference to initiatives that can be sustained beyond the period of the current pandemic.
Comparison of postoperative outcomes following multidetector computed tomography based vs transesophageal echocardiography based annulus sizing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Guozhang , Lv Qifeng , He Xiangqin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper was to evaluate the difference in postoperative outcomes following multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)‐based annulus sizing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsElectronic search of PubMed, Biomed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted until August 15, 2019. We included all types of studies comparing MDCT‐based annulus sizing with TEE‐based annulus sizing and assessing paravalvular regurgitation (PVR). Data were summarized using the Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of six studies were included. Pooled analysis of 431 participants in the MDCT group and 509 participants in the TEE group demonstrated that MDCT‐based annulus sizing is associated with a significantly lower incidence of more than moderate PVR as compared to 2DTEE‐based sizing (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.54, P < .0001; I2 = 0%). There was no statistical difference in annulus rupture (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.12‐2.66, P = .91; I2 = 0%), procedural mortality (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.19‐4.86, P = .97; I2 = 0%), and 30‐day mortality (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.26‐1.50, P = .29; I2 = 0%) with MDCT or 2DTEE‐based annulus sizing. Compared with 3DTEE, the incidence of PVR in the MDCT group was lower, but there was no statistical difference in 30‐day mortality.ConclusionUse of MDCT in comparison with 2DTEE is associated with significantly lower incidence of more than moderate PVR after TAVR. There seems to be no difference in annulus rupture and 30‐day mortality with either imaging modality.
Anticoagulation for coexisting bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis and anticoagulant‐related bleeding: “A double edge sword”
Authors: Xu Jiaqian , Lata Adrian L. , Zhou Li , Upadhya Bharathi , Pu Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe choice of anticoagulant agents for newly implanted bioprosthetic valve varies significantly, particularly in the presence of postoperative atrial fibrillation with increasing use of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulation (NOACs) in recent years. We reported a challenging case with a coexisting bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis and significant anticoagulant‐related bleeding. Clinical management strategy and brief literature review were presented.
Revisiting Orstavik’s PAI score to produce a reliable and reproducible assessment of the outcomes of endodontic treatments in routine practice
Authors: Zanini Marjorie , Decerle Nicolas , Hennequin Martine , Cousson Pierre‐Yves 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionOrstavik's periapical index is widely used for radiographic assessment of periapical status. This study analyses the reliability and reproducibility of a modified guide for the interpretation of the periapical index (PAI) scores recorded by undergraduate students.Materials and MethodTwo groups of 4th‐year students were asked to assess the PAI scores of 100 X‐rays two or three times depending on the group. The reliability of their judgment was evaluated by comparing the students' assessments to those of a standard, based on the evaluations made by three teachers. Short‐term stability was evaluated for two lengths of interval separating the Test and Retest phases, respectively, 1 week for Group 1 and 2 weeks for Group 2. Long‐term stability was evaluated by having Group 1 repeat the Retest phase after 15 months.ResultsOverall mean success rates ranged from 61% to 65% according to the student group and the study phase. Intergroup comparisons showed no statistical difference. The reliability of the PAI score evaluation by students was excellent in both groups. Short‐term and long‐term stability were also excellent regardless of the duration of the interval between the study's phases.DiscussionThe image misinterpretations are discussed according to the study phases and the PAI score values.ConclusionUndergraduate students can be trained to use the modified guide for scoring PAI for self‐evaluation of the outcomes of the root canal treatments and re‐treatments they are asked to perform during their clinical sessions.
Heart–brain interactions during social and cognitive stress in hypertensive disease: A multidimensional approach
Authors: Legaz Agustina , Yoris Adrián , Sedeño Lucas , Abrevaya Sofía , Martorell Miguel , Alifano Florencia , García Adolfo M. , Ibañez Agustín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHypertensive disease (HTD), a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is characterized by elevated stress‐proneness. Since stress levels are underpinned by both cardiac and neural factors, multidimensional insights are required to robustly understand their disruption in HTD. Yet, despite their crucial relevance, heart rate variability (HRV) and multimodal neurocognitive markers of stress in HTD remain controversial and unexplored respectively. To bridge this gap, we studied cardiodynamic as well as electrophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of stress in HTD patients and healthy controls. Both groups performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a validated stress‐inducing task comprising a baseline and a mental stress period. During both stages, we assessed a sensitive HRV parameter (the low frequency/high frequency [LF/HF ratio]) and an online neurophysiological measure (the heartbeat‐evoked potential [HEP]). Also, we obtained neuroanatomical data via voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) for correlation with online markers. Relative to controls, HTD patients exhibited increased LF/HF ratio and greater HEP modulations during baseline, reduced changes between baseline and stress periods, and lack of significant stress‐related HRV modulations associated with the grey matter volume of putative frontrostriatal regions. Briefly, HTD patients presented signs of stress‐related autonomic imbalance, reflected in a potential basal stress overload and a lack of responsiveness to acute psychosocial stress, accompanied by neurophysiological and neuroanatomical alterations. These multimodal insights underscore the relevance of neurocognitive data for developing innovations in the characterization, prognosis and treatment of HTD and other conditions with autonomic imbalance. More generally, these findings may offer new insights into heart–brain interactions.
Transient ischemic attack without self‐awareness of symptoms witnessed by bystanders: analysis of the PROMISE‐TIA registry
Authors: Tanaka K. , Uehara T. , Ohara T. , Sato S. , Hayakawa M. , Kimura K. , Okada Y. , Hasegawa Y. , Tanahashi N. , Suzuki A. , Nakagawara J. , Arii K. , Nagahiro S. , Ogasawara K. , Uchiyama S. , Matsumoto M. , Iihara K. , Toyoda K. , Minematsu K. ,   the PROMISE‐TIA study Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeA transient ischemic attack (TIA) can occur without self‐awareness of symptoms. We aimed to investigate characteristics of patients with a tissue‐based diagnosis of TIA but having no self‐awareness of their symptoms and whose symptoms were witnessed by bystanders.MethodsWe used data from the multicenter registry of 1414 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TIA. For patients without evidence of ischemic lesions on imaging, clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without self‐awareness of their TIA symptoms.ResultsAmong 896 patients (559 men, median age of 70 years), 59 (6.6%) were unaware of their TIA symptoms, but had those symptoms witnessed by bystanders. Patients without self‐awareness of symptoms were older and more frequently female, and more likely to have previous history of stroke, premorbid disability, and atrial fibrillation, but less likely to have dyslipidemia than those with self‐awareness. Patients without self‐awareness of symptoms arrive at hospitals earlier than those with self‐awareness (P < 0.001). ABCD2 score was higher in patients without self‐awareness of symptoms than those with self‐awareness (median 5 vs. 4, P = 0.002). Having no self‐awareness of symptoms was a significant predictor of ischemic stroke within 1 year after adjustment for sex, ABCD2 score, and onset to arrival time (hazard ratio = 2.44, 95% confidential interval: 1.10–4.83), but was not significant after further adjustment for arterial stenosis or occlusion.ConclusionsPatients with a TIA but having no self‐awareness of their symptoms might have higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke rather than those with self‐awareness, suggesting urgent management is needed even if patients have no self‐awareness of symptoms.
Gender analysis of ‘man‐in‐the‐barrel’ syndrome: is ‘person‐in‐the‐barrel’ a more adequate term?
Authors: Soares C. , Ferreira D. , Araújo R. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeGender bias is a known issue in healthcare and academia. We analysed the gender of patients reported in the literature with ‘man‐in‐the‐barrel’ syndrome or equivalent semiological terms.MethodsA search in the PubMed database was conducted using the terms ‘man‐in‐the‐barrel’, ‘person‐in‐the‐barrel’, ‘woman‐in‐the‐barrel’, ‘brachial diplegia’, ‘flail arm’ and ‘cruciate paralysis’. All articles published between 1969 and 2020 containing a detailed description compatible with the original description of man‐in‐the‐barrel syndrome were included.ResultsNinety‐five patients with a clinical picture compatible with man‐in‐the‐barrel syndrome were included. Up to 33% of patients were female. Overall, the proportion of female patients with man‐in‐the‐barrel syndrome was 25%.Discussion and conclusionsThe term man‐in‐the‐barrel may disenfranchise up to a third of women presenting with brachial diplegia with undesirable consequences. We propose a gender‐neutral alternative such as ‘person‐in‐the‐barrel’.
Prevalence of hyposalivation in older people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pina Gisela de Martins Souza , Mota Carvalho Regina , Silva Brunno Santos de Freitas , Almeida Fabiana Tolentino 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of elders is increasing worldwide, and hyposalivation has been associated with the ageing process. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the frequency of hyposalivation in older people since it can cause transient or permanent problems that could affect oral health.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of hyposalivation in older people (aged ≥ 60 years).MethodsThe review was registered at Prospero ‐ International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under number CRD42018106322. The search was performed in six electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Abstracts in Social Gerodontology) and grey literature (Google Scholar) for articles published up to February 2019. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the Meta‐Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review (MAStARI) risk of bias checklist. Meta‐analyses were performed using Medcalc and Stata 15.ResultsThirteen studies totalising 3,885 individuals (≥60 years) were included in this systematic review. The meta‐analysis showed an overall hyposalivation prevalence of 33.37% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.90 ‐ 43.57, P < .0001, n = 3,447). The prevalence of hyposalivation for unstimulated and stimulated methods was 33.39% (95% CI 21.08 ‐ 46.96, P < .0001, n = 2,425 individuals) and 30.47% (95% CI 22.53‐39.04, P < .0001, n = 1,495 individuals), respectively. Most of the studies were evaluated as low risk of bias. Some study limitations were related to the observational studies potential risk of bias, and different criteria to measure saliva flow rate.ConclusionThis study suggests that the overall prevalence of hyposalivation in older people is 33.37%. When considering stimulated methods, the prevalence of hyposalivation was slightly lower (30.47%).
Accurate Trace Element Reporting in Corundum: Development of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Relative Sensitivity Factors
Authors: Stone‐Sundberg Jennifer L. , Guan Yunbin , Sun Ziyin , Ardon Troy 
Published: September 2020

The attractive physical and chemical properties of corundum lend to this material’s importance in both its natural and synthetic forms. However, much of the quantitative work performed on this material is plagued by unknown inaccuracy as non‐matrix‐matched reference materials are used. To conduct accurate quantitative analysis using SIMS, matrix‐specific relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) were determined for eighteen trace elements in corundum using dose‐verified ion implants. The RSF values ranged from 2.56 × 1022 to 3.29 × 1024 cm‐1 with total combined uncertainty values ranging from 7 to 10%. The RSF values, which are related to ionisation potentials, showed trends consistent with expectations for an insulating oxide. The developed values were applied to calibrate reference materials for LA‐ICP‐MS and to study other natural and synthetic corundum samples. A measurement reference material calibrated for Mg, Si, Ti, V, Fe and Ga produced consistent results over ten sessions in 4 years with relative standard deviations per trace element of 5% or less, confirming the repeatability of our process. A key finding was that calibrating LA‐ICP‐MS with NIST SRM 610 and 612 glasses to analyse corundum resulted in under‐reporting trace elements Be, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ni and Ga compared with using matrix‐matched reference materials.
Capitalizing on translocal affiliations: configuring capital in returnee entrepreneurship
Authors: Haarman Amanda , Langevang Thilde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we examine how returnee entrepreneurs seek to capitalize on translocal affiliations by deploying different forms of capital in their business practices. Based on a case study of returnees in Ghana's creative industries, the article identifies three practices through which entrepreneurs configure capital to seize opportunities and deal with challenges of running a business as a returnee. The practice of compensating encompasses efforts at compensating for encountered obstacles in Ghana by taking advantage of unique translocal positions. Fusing involves creatively blending local and foreign aesthetics and business approaches, while switching implies adapting to social situations through changing bodily appearances and speech. The findings demonstrate that using capital back home is not merely a matter of transferring capital from abroad, but a translocal practice where capital is carefully configured. We highlight the importance of paying analytical attention to multiple sites of engagement and foreground African returnee entrepreneurs as transnational actors.
Transmitted drug resistance to NRTIs and risk of virological failure in naïve patients treated with integrase inhibitors
Authors: Borghetti A , Ciccullo A , Lombardi F , Baldin G , Belmonti S , Prosperi M , Incardona F , Heger E , Borghi V , Sönnerborg A , Zazzi M , De Luca A , Di Giambenedetto S 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) could increase the risk of virological failure (VF) of first‐line integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)‐based regimens.MethodsPatients starting two NRTIs (lamivudine/emtricitabine plus abacavir/tenofovir) plus raltegravir or dolutegravir were selected from the EuResist cohort. The role of NRTI genotypic susceptibility score and of specific TDRMs in VF (i.e. two consecutive viral loads > 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL or a single viral load ≥ 200 copies/mL after 3 months from antiretroviral therapy start) was evaluated in the overall population and according to the InSTI employed.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2017, 1095 patients were eligible for the analysis (55.5% men, median age 39 years). In all, 207 VFs occurred over 1023 patient‐years of follow‐up. The genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) had no effect on the risk of VF in the overall population. However, the presence of M184V/I independently predicted VF of raltegravir‐ but not dolutegravir‐based therapy when compared with a fully‐active backbone [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.09, P = 0.035], particularly when associated with other non‐thymidine analogue mutations (aHR = 27.62, P = 0.004). Higher‐zenith HIV‐RNA and lower nadir CD4 counts independently predicted VF.ConclusionsNRTI backbone TDRMs increased the risk of VF with raltegravir‐based but not dolutegravir‐based regimens.
‘Indians are the Majority of the Prisoners’? Historical Variations in Incarceration Rates for Indigenous Women and Men in British Columbia
Authors: INWOOD KRIS , ROBERTS EVAN 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndigenous people have experienced relatively high incarceration rates in British Columbia, as elsewhere in North America, since the 1940s. Archival prison records, however, show that the incidence of Indigenous incarceration was lower than for other people before 1910. This evidence implies the crucial period for increasing incarceration of Indigenous peoples in British Columbias was from 1910 to 1940. The pattern for Indigenous women differed from that of men. Large numbers of Indigenous women were imprisoned in the 1870s and 1880s. The British Columbia Indigenous pattern has important similarities to the New Zealand Māori in the same era. Neither Indigenous experience is easily explained by group threat theory used to understand rising incarceration for African‐Americans in this period. Indigenous incarceration in settler states prior to the 1950s needs additional comparative research and theoretical understanding.
Retrospective evaluation of endodontic case reports published in the International Endodontic Journal and the Journal of Endodontics for their compliance with the PRICE 2020 guidelines
Authors: Berlin‐Broner Y. , Levin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate, retrospectively, the quality of previously published case reports in Endodontics according to the PRICE 2020 guidelines.MethodologyAn electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed database on 12 March 2020, to identify case reports published during the last five years in the International Endodontic Journal and the Journal of Endodontics. For each of the included case reports, information regarding fulfilment of each of the items of the PRICE 2020 guidelines was extracted as ‘0’ (not present in the manuscript), ‘1’ (present in the manuscript) and ‘NA’ (not applicable) and translated into a score (percentage of items fulfilled). Additionally, the percentage of papers fulfilling each item was calculated.ResultsOverall, 70 endodontic case reports were identified. The scores of the papers ranged between 56.41% and 79.55%, with a mean score of 70.26 ± 4.36% (SD). The percentage of papers fulfilling each item of the applicable PRICE 2020 items ranged widely, between 0% and 100%. The median of the percentage of all the items (n = 47) was 97.01% and mean 73.33 ± 36.28% (SD). The lowest scores were recorded for specific items in the following domains: ‘Case Report Information’‐Items 6c, 6g–i, ‘Patient Perspective’‐Item 8a and ‘Quality of Images’‐Items 12c–d.ConclusionsSeveral areas with low reporting rates were identified in case reports published over the last 5 years in Endodontics. Authors should be encouraged to follow the PRICE 2020 guidelines in order to increase the quality and improve reproducibility of their case reports.
Corrosion behavior of oxide ion conductors for high‐temperature direct electrochemical metal oxide reduction
Authors: Hwang Kuk‐Jin , Shin Miyoung , Lee Myung‐Hyun , Lee Heesoo , Shin Tae Ho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe corrosion behaviors of high oxide ion conductors using solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis were investigated in practical operating conditions (current load or molten CaF2‐NaF‐CaO eutectic salt). In previous researches, yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is widely used in SOM electrolysis due to its good mechanical properties and ionic conductivity at high temperature, has several problems including phase transition due to yttrium ion dissolution, which results in decreased current efficiency and severe fracture of SOM tube. Thus, we introduced oxide ion conductors with a higher ionic conductivity than that of YSZ to exploit its excellent current efficiency and long‐term stability. In this study, we investigated the phase stability of Sr‐ and Mg‐doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), Sc‐doped zirconia (ScSZ) and Gd‐doped ceria (GDC) using the structural analysis methods. Phase transition of LSGM and ScSZ easily occurred than that of GDC. GDC showed fairly tolerable stability; the molten salt ions were found only 10 μm deep on the surface, and the ions hardly penetrated the interior of bulk. However, LSGM (~40 μm) and ScSZ (~100 μm) showed a deep cation ion infiltration depth from the surface and severe surface corrosion was observed on the surface of LSGM and ScSZ.