bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical transformation of black phosphorous to phosphorene quantum dots: effect of nitrogen doping
Authors: Ozhukil Valappil Manila , S Jamal Mohamed , Alwarappan Subbiah , Pillai Vijayamohanan K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a comparative analysis of the structural and optical properties of electrosynthesized PQDs, a new class of size-tunable luminescent materials and their nitrogen doped counter parts(NPQDs). Nitrogen doping onto phopshorene lattice could be realized i

n situ at room temperature using either nitrogen containing electrolyte and/or supporting electrolyte in the solution. An increased quantum efficiency as well as redox behavior has been observed for PQDs upon nitrogen doping and a critical analysis of the effect of nitrogen on the structural, optical and electrochemical properties of PQDs suggests several potential benefits of applications ranging from electrocatalysts and molecular electronics to different types of sensors and bioimaging.
Effect of high temperature-high pressure treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Cr alloy
Authors: Gu Tao , Li Jingwen , Xu Fengqiang , Wu Li , Zhao Yuhong , Hou Hua , Liu Jianhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The microstructure of the Cu-Cr alloy prepared by infiltration before and after different pressures treatment at 900 °C for 10 min was observed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the mechanical properties were measured by nanoindenter, hardness tester and tensile testing machine. According to the experimental results, the effects of high pressure treatment on the mechanical properties were discussed. The results showed that the hardness of Cu matrix and Cr phase were 114Hv and 194Hv under the pressure of 3 GPa, which were 18.75% and 10.23% higher than those of the infiltrated alloy. Also, the hardness and compression yield strength of Cu-Cr alloy were 134 HB and 241 MPa after 3 GPa pressure treatment, respectively, 11.67%, 19.31% higher than those of the infiltrated alloy. On the basis of analysis, the high pressure treatment can improve the compactness of Cu–Cr alloys, promote the precipitation of nanometer Cr particles and increase the hardness and elastic modulus of Cu matrix and Cr phase, resulting in the improvement of hardness and compression yield strength in Cu–Cr alloys. In the range of 1 ∼ 6 GPa, the hardness and compression yield strength of alloys increase with the increase of pressure. However, these mechanical properties of Cu-Cr alloy increases slowly when the pressure exceeds 1 GPa.
Photo induced self-diffusion and viscosity in amorphous chalcogenide films
Authors: Kaganovskii Yu , Beke D L , Freilikher V , Kökényesi S , Korsunsky A M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acceleration of the mass transport in amorphous chalcogenide films under band gap light illumination is usually attributed to the decrease of the film viscosity. However, our direct measurements of the film viscosity at various temperatures and light intensities, made by flattening of surface relief gratings, have shown that the viscosity did not vary under illumination and the acceleration of the mass transfer was caused by the contribution of photo-induced (PI) self-diffusion. The PI diffusion coefficient is not related to the viscosity coefficient by the Stokes-Einstein relation and PI diffusion should be considered as an additional mechanism of the overall mass transport. In this paper, using well-known models of self-trapped excitons, we present the first atomic interpretation of PI diffusion coefficients, explain their dependence on temperature and light intensity, and compare with our experimental data. For characterization of PI acceleration of the mass transfer we introduce the term ‘diffusional viscosity’, like it is used for description of diffusion creep in crystalline solids. We estimate the temperature dependence of diffusional viscosity and show that it noticeably depends on the distance over which the material is redistributed. Taking into account the diffusional viscosity allows an adequate general interpretation of many photo-induced phenomena observed in the literature.
Waste to wealth: a solution to textile dyes related pollution
Authors: Narasaiah Boya Palajonnala , Mandal Badal Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study describes biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using agro-waste durva grass aqueous extract without uses of any hazardous chemicals and stabilizing agents. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the synthesized ZnO NPs confirmed its conversion from its metal salt to NPs by UV–vis spectroscopy. Characterization of functional groups in durva grass aqueous extract and ZnO NPs surfaces were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), purity and crystallinity by power x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), size and morphology by transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM), elemental composition by Energy Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) study. The synthesized ZnO NPs was highly stable with average particle size of 17 nm. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs was studied under UV irradiation to methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) degradation (10 mg l−1 each). 98.1% of MB was degraded within 60 min, while 97.5% of MO within 100 min. In addition, antioxidant activity of ZnO NPs showed 91.8% free radical scavenging capacity at the dose of 250 mg l−1 which implies its importance in biomedical applications.
Investigation of crystallinity, mechanical properties, fracture toughness and cell proliferation in plasma sprayed graphene nano platelets reinforced hydroxyapatite coating
Authors: Singh Swarnima , Pandey Krishna Kant , Asiq Rahman O S , Haldar Swati , Lahiri Debrupa , Keshri Anup Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (0, 1 wt% and 2 wt%) reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA), denoted by HA, HA-1G and HA-2G respectively, coatings were fabricated on titanium substrate (Ti-6Al-4V) through atmospheric plasma spraying. The major parameters such as porosity, crystallinity, mechanical properties, toughness and cell proliferation were manipulated by varying plasma power from 15 kW to 35 kW and content of GNPs. For the coating synthesized at all plasma power, GNPs were found to be retained by Raman spectroscopy. GNPs reinforcement has led to an improvement in the crystallinity of the composite coatings as compared to HA coatings. On the contrary to it, increase in plasma power from 15 kW to 35 kW resulted in decrease in crystallinity for all three individual coating. Further, Increment in plasma power from 15 kW to 35 kW delivered a significant enhancement in hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness up to 81%, 149% and 282% respectively for HA-1 wt% GNPs coating, while it improved to 20%, 50% and 173% respectively on the addition of 2 wt% GNPs in HA coating fabricated at 35 kW. Enhancement in hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness was due to three simultaneous reasons: (1) Reduction in porosity (2) Uniform dispersion of GNPs and (3) Toughening mechanism offered by GNPs. Further, the addition of GNPs showed a remarkable improvement in the rate of cell proliferation in the HA coating. A detailed discussion over the reasons behind every results have been made profoundly.
Polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats containing titania/AgNP composite nanoparticles for antibacterial applications
Authors: Wahab Jatoi Abdul , Mamun Shamim Al 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here in we present our research on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber films embedded with titania/AgNP nanoparticles for sustained antibacterial applications. Although silver possesses excellent antimicrobial characteristics and have been extensively exploited in applications where protection from microbial species and bacterial colonization is needed. Recently, it was discovered that silver may be allergic to skin and may induce detrimental side-effects such as argyria and argyrosis. Excess utilization of silver may even cause carcinoma. In continuation of our research on preparation of biologically safe antibacterial materials producing longer timed protection, here we proposed electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats containing titania/AgNP composite nanoparticles. The titania/AgNP nanoparticles were prepared using polydopamine hydrochloride (pdopa) as adhesive and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were then added into polyacrylonitrile polymer solution and electrospun to fabricate polyacrylonitrile/titania/AgNP composite nanofiber mats (PTAgNP). The samples were characterized with XRD, TEM, SEM, FT-IR, SEM-EDX and antibacterial assays. Synthesis of the titania/AgNP was confirmed by XRD, TEM and EDX analysis. The nanofibers were studied with SEM, XRD, TEM and antibacterial tests. The SEM observations confirmed regular morphology of the nanofibers. The XRD and TEM analysis evidenced titania/AgNP contents in the polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. The antibacterial assays demonstrated excellent bacterial growth inhibition on agar plates and in the liquid medium. The samples were observed to inhibit growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria for up to 120 h. The quantitative bactericidal assay (relative cell viability, %) demonstrated 0% bacteria cell viability by polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing 10 wt% of titania/AgNP nanoparticles.
ℓ² decoupling in ℝ² for curves with vanishing curvature
Authors: Biswas Chandan , Gilula Maxim , Li Linhan , Schwend Jeremy , Xi Yakun 
Published: January 2020

We expand the class of curves

(

φ
1

(
t
)
,

φ
2

(
t
)
)
,

t
∈
[
0
,
1
]

(\varphi _1(t),\varphi _2(t)),\ t\in [0,1]

for which the

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

decoupling conjecture holds for

2
≤
p
≤
6

2\leq p\leq 6

. Our class of curves includes all real-analytic regular curves with isolated points of vanishing curvature and all curves of the form

(
t
,

t

1
+
ν

)

(t,t^{1+\nu })

for

ν
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

\nu \in (0,\infty )

.
Bcl-3 promotes multi-modal tumour cell migration via NF-κB1 mediated regulation of Cdc42
Authors: Turnham Daniel J , Yang William W , Davies Julia , Varnava Athina , Ridley Anne J , Conlan R Steven , Clarkson Richard W E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A key challenge in the implementation of anti-metastatics as cancer therapies is the multi-modal nature of cell migration, which allows tumour cells to evade the targeted inhibition of specific cell motility pathways. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) co-factor B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3) has been implicated in breast cancer cell migration and metastasis, yet it remains to be determined exactly which cell motility pathways are controlled by Bcl-3 and whether migrating tumour cells are able to evade Bcl-3 intervention. Addressing these questions and the mechanism underpinning Bcl-3’s role in this process would help determine its potential as a therapeutic target. Here we identify Bcl-3 as an upstream regulator of the two principal forms of breast cancer cell motility, involving collective and single-cell migration. This was found to be mediated by the master regulator Cdc42 through binding of the NF-κB transcription factor p50 to the Cdc42 promoter. Notably, Bcl-3 depletion inhibited both stable and transitory motility phenotypes in breast cancer cells with no evidence of migratory adaptation. Overexpression of Bcl-3 enhanced migration and increased metastatic tumour burden of breast cancer cells in vivo, whereas overexpression of a mutant Bcl-3 protein, which is unable to bind p50, suppressed cell migration and metastatic tumour burden suggesting that disruption of Bcl-3/NF-κB complexes is sufficient to inhibit metastasis. These findings identify a novel role for Bcl-3 in intrinsic and adaptive multi-modal cell migration mediated by its direct regulation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 and identify the upstream Bcl-3:p50 transcription complex as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic disease.
Task-Dependent Recruitment of Modality-Specific and Multimodal Regions during Conceptual Processing
Authors: Kuhnke Philipp , Kiefer Markus , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConceptual knowledge is central to cognitive abilities such as word comprehension. Previous neuroimaging evidence indicates that concepts are at least partly composed of perceptual and motor features that are represented in the same modality-specific brain regions involved in actual perception and action. However, it is unclear to what extent the retrieval of perceptual–motor features and the resulting engagement of modality-specific regions depend on the concurrent task. To address this issue, we measured brain activity in 40 young and healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while they performed three different tasks—lexical decision, sound judgment, and action judgment—on words that independently varied in their association with sounds and actions. We found neural activation for sound and action features of concepts selectively when they were task-relevant in brain regions also activated during auditory and motor tasks, respectively, as well as in higher-level, multimodal regions which were recruited during both sound and action feature retrieval. For the first time, we show that not only modality-specific perceptual–motor areas but also multimodal regions are engaged in conceptual processing in a flexible, task-dependent fashion, responding selectively to task-relevant conceptual features.
Effectiveness of 2 Influenza Vaccines in Nationwide Cohorts of Finnish 2-Year-Old Children in the Seasons 2015–2016 Through 2017–2018
Authors: Baum Ulrike , Kulathinal Sangita , Auranen Kari , Nohynek Hanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
From 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, injectable, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3) and a nasal spray, tetravalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) were used in parallel in Finland. To understand how well vaccination with each vaccine type protected children against influenza under real-life conditions, vaccine effectiveness in 2-year-olds was estimated for all 3 seasons.

Methods
Each season, a nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted. The study population comprised 60 088, 60 860, and 60 345 children in 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018, respectively. Laboratory-confirmed influenza was the study outcome. Seasonal influenza vaccination with either LAIV4 or IIV3 was the time-dependent exposure of interest. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as 1 minus the hazard ratio comparing vaccinated with unvaccinated children.

Results
From 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, the effectiveness of LAIV4 against influenza of any virus type was estimated at 54.2% (95% confidence interval, 32.2–69.0%), 20.3% (−12.7%, 43.6%), and 30.5% (10.9–45.9%); the corresponding effectiveness of IIV3 was 77.2% (48.9–89.8%), 24.5% (−29.8%, 56.1%), and −20.1% (−61.5%, 10.7%). Neither influenza vaccine clearly excelled in protecting children. The LAIV4 effectiveness against type B was greater than against type A and greater than the IIV3 effectiveness against type B.

Conclusions
To understand how influenza vaccines could be improved, vaccine effectiveness must be analyzed by vaccine and virus type. Effectiveness estimates also expressing overall protection levels are needed to guide individual and programmatic decision-making processes. Supported by this analysis, the vaccination program in Finland now recommends LAIV4 and injectable, tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccines replacing IIV3.
Control of hyperparathyroidism with the intravenous calcimimetic etelcalcetide in dialysis patients adherent and non-adherent to oral calcimimetics
Authors: Arenas Maria Dolores , Rodelo-Haad Cristian , de Mier M Victoria Pendón-Ruiz , Rodriguez Mariano 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In dialysis patients, non-adherence to oral cinacalcet adds complexity to the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The present study aims to evaluate the use of intravenous calcimimetic, etelcalcetide, in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients adherent and non-adherent to oral calcimimetics.

Method
The Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire was used to identify non-adherence. Almost half of the patients were non-adherent to the treatment with cinacalcet. Twenty-five patients (15 non-adherent) were switched from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide and were followed-up monthly for 8 months.

Results
Cinacalcet was discontinued for 1 week before the initiation of etelcalcetide. After this period, the serum PTH levels increased by2-fold in adherent patients, whereas it did not change in non-adherent patients suggesting that they were not taking the medication. Etelcalcetide progressively reduced serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) (mean ± standard deviation) from 818 ± 395 to 367 ± 289 pg/mL (P &lt; 0.001) in non-adherents, and from 496 ± 172 to 228 ± 111 pg/mL (P &lt; 0.01) in adherent patients with a mean dose of 7.0 ± 2.3 and 5.1 ± 1.2 mg in non-adherent and in adherent patients, respectively. Etelcalcetide increased the percentage of patients with PTH on target from 28% to 58%. Patients with serum calcium &lt;8.4 mg/dL increased from 8% to 40%, although they remained asymptomatic. The percent of patients with serum phosphate on target increased from 40% to 65%.

Conclusion
The lack of adherence to cinacalcet is a possible cause of the apparent lack of response to oral calcimimetic. The use of etelcalcetide ensures compliance and control of secondary hyperparathyroidism in both non-adherent and adherent patients.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction in stable ischaemic heart disease (non-obstructive coronary artery disease and obstructive coronary artery disease)
Authors: Sechtem Udo , Brown David , Godo Shigeo , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Shimokawa Hiro , Sidik Novalia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Diffuse and focal epicardial coronary disease and coronary microvascular abnormalities may exist side-by-side. Identifying the contributions of each of these three players in the coronary circulation is a difficult task. Yet identifying coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) as an additional player in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) may provide explanations of why symptoms may persist frequently following and why global coronary flow reserve may be more prognostically important than fractional flow reserve measured in a single vessel before percutaneous coronary intervention. This review focuses on the challenges of identifying the presence of CMD in the context of diffuse non-obstructive CAD and obstructive CAD. Furthermore, it is going to discuss the pathophysiology in this complex situation, examine the clinical context in which the interaction of the three components of disease takes place and finally look at non-invasive diagnostic methods relevant for addressing this question.
Reexamining remodelling in children
Authors: Matsushima Shunsuke , Heß Alexander , Lämmerzahl Julia Renata , Karliova Irem , Giebels Christian , Schäfers Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Some studies have suggested that root remodelling is unsuitable as valve-sparing aortic root replacement in children because of the increased risk of valve failure. This study reviewed our experience with root remodelling in children.

METHODS
All patients who underwent root remodelling at the age of ≤18 years between 1999 and 2016 were evaluated. In 2004, cusp effective height was measured intraoperatively and prolapse was corrected with central plication on the cusp. Suture annuloplasty was introduced after 2009 for annular dilatation.

RESULTS
There were 17 consecutive patients. The median age at operation was 14 (2.8–18) years. Aortic valve morphology was tricuspid in 10 patients, bicuspid in 5 patients, unicuspid in 1 patient and a pulmonary autograft in 1 patient. Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and other connective tissue diseases were present in 11, 1 and 2 patients, respectively. Five patients had more than moderate aortic regurgitation. The median graft size used for root remodelling was 24 (18–26) mm. Cusp repair and annuloplasty were performed in 15 and 14 patients, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 6.5 ± 4.3 years. One patient with preoperatively severely depressed ventricular function died in the hospital from persistent heart failure. One patient (operated on before 2004) required aortic valve reoperation due to cusp prolapse. One patient with a unicuspid valve had developed moderate aortic regurgitation, and the other 14 patients had mild or less regurgitation. The median diameter of the sinus of Valsalva at the last follow-up was 36 (30–43) mm, Z-score of 1.5 (−3.5 to 3.9).

CONCLUSIONS
Root remodelling can be performed in children with favourable results by appropriate cusp repair and annuloplasty.
Teaching associations and professionalism
Authors: Rimmer Wayne , Floyd Alan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although teaching associations (TAs) have been aligned to professionalism, there is little evidence to support their actual role in developing EFL teachers’ sense of being a professional. This study explores this purported relationship through content analysis of interviews with ten members of TAs and nine non-members. Three themes emerged: status, how TAs contribute to teachers’ sense of self-worth; continuing professional development (CPD), how TAs allow teachers to acquire competencies relevant to professionalism; and impact, the influence of TAs on the professionalism of EFL as a field. Regarding status, non-members rejected members’ commitment to TA membership as confirmation of professionalism. However, all teachers agreed TAs made a considerable contribution to professionalism through CPD. Concerning impact, the only consensus was that too few teachers are aware of TAs for them to be significant. The findings suggest that TAs can play a role in professionalism provided they remain relevant to teachers’ changing contexts and consider non-members’ interests.
The travels of a tune: Purcell’s ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ and the cultural translation of 17th-century English music
Authors: Lebedinski Ester 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The travels of a tune: Purcell’s ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ and the cultural translation of 17th-century English music
This article discusses Henry Purcell’s theatre song ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ (from The Fairy Queen, 1692) and its journey into various contexts in England and abroad. The article analyses the song’s appearance in printed songbooks, broadside ballads and single-sheet engravings, and in the Dutch manuscript songbook Finspång 9096:7 (now in Norrköping, Sweden), to show how the song was adapted to various contexts and conventions. The appearance of ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ in Finspång 9096:7 further suggests that there was greater reciprocity in the exchanges between England and continental Europe than hitherto thought. I nuance this claim by arguing that such exchanges were dependent on translation and mediation by musicians such as John Abell (1653–after 1716) or translators such as Abel Boyer (?1667–1729). Boyer used ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ in his Compleat French-Master (1694) and his French lyrics appear in Finspång 9096:7. The article shows the variety of uses and adaptations of ‘If love’s a sweet passion’ in English and French-language contexts. This both challenges notions of ‘elite’ and ‘popular’ music as entirely separate, and invites scholars and performers to imagine Purcell’s theatre songs performed and consumed in new ways.