bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configurations in manufacturing strategy: a review and directions for future research
Authors: Bozarth Cecil , McDermott Chris 
Published: July 2002

AbstractConfiguration models have generated a great deal of interest in the business strategy area, as witnessed by a recent special issue in The Academy of Management Journal (Meyer et al., 1993). Despite this, there has been no effort to examine the current state or future role of configurational research in the manufacturing strategy area. This paper attempts to fill this gap. The first half positions configurations as a unique way of studying strategic fit issues. The second half of the paper examines the current state of configurational research in the manufacturing strategy area. We compare and contrast existing typologies and taxonomies, identify trends, and highlight possible gaps in the literature. Finally, we discuss how configuration models can play an important role in the study of dynamic manufacturing issues; specifically, the development, implementation, and change of manufacturing strategies.
A new rabbit model for the study on cervical compressive myelopathy
Authors: Kanchiku Tsukasa , Taguchi Toshihiko , Kaneko Kazuo , Yonemura Hiroshi , Kawai Shinya , Gondo Toshikazu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDevelopment process and pathology of myelopathy due to chronic spinal cord compression have not been fully elucidated. This study was conducted in order to establish an experimental model which can efficiently produce myelopathy and be useful in the studies on myelopathy due to chronic spinal cord compression. Under electrophysiological monitoring of the spinal cord, anterior compression was produced on C5 using a plastic screw. Two weeks later, a plastic plate was inserted under the C5 arch. For the subsequent 10 months on average, walking pattern and MR images were periodically monitored. Before the sacrifice, electro‐physiological test was performed and then histopathological examination was done. Palsy appeared at 5 months on average after the addition of posterior compression. Mean compression ratio of the spinal cord calculated on MR images was 34%. All animals with compression showed a high intramedullary signal intensity, and the mean contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in the compressed area was 49%. Electrophysiological test showed a significant decrease in the amplitude of spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) at the given compression level. Histology showed flattening of the anterior horn, disappearance and necrosis of anterior horn cells in the gray matter; and demyelination and axonal degeneration in the white matter. The antero‐posterior compression produces the condition of spinal canal stenosis. Repeated antero‐posterior compression to the spinal cord is important in establishing myelopathy. The present animal model was evaluated to be useful in the studies on myelopathy. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
GDF‐5 deficiency in mice alters the ultrastructure, mechanical properties and composition of the Achilles tendon
Authors: Mikic Borjana , Schalet Benjamin J. , Clark Randall T. , Gaschen Veronique , Hunziker Ernst B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAcromesomelic dysplasia of the Hunter‐Thompson and Grebe types are rare human disorders based on growth/differentiation factor (GDF)‐5/CDMP‐1 genetic mutations. Numerous skeletal abnormalities are present in these individuals, including shortened limb bones and severe dislocations of the knee. In the GDF‐5 deficient brachypodism mouse, similar, although less severe, phenotypes are observed. It is unknown whether the joint dislocations observed in these disorders are due to a defect in the original formation of joints such as the knee, or to abnormalities in the tendons and ligaments themselves. We hypothesized that tendons from GDF‐5 deficient mice would exhibit altered composition, mechanical properties, and ultrastructure when compared with heterozygous control littermates. GDF‐5 deficient Achilles tendons were structurally weaker than controls, and structural strength differences appeared to be caused by compromised material properties: after normalizing by collagen per unit length, mutant tendons were still 50% weaker (P < 0.0001) and 50% more compliant (P < 0.001) than controls. Despite comparable levels of skeletal maturity in the two cohorts, the majority of mutant tendon failures occurred in the mid‐substance of the tendon (64% of all failures), whereas the majority of control failures occurred via avulsion (92% of all failures). Mutant Achilles tendons contained 40% less collagen per microgram of DNA when compared to controls (P = 0.004). No significant difference in glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA was detected. Ultrastructural analyses indicated a slight trend toward increased frequency of small diameter (30‐100 nm) collagen fibrils in the mutant Achilles. Our findings suggest that increased tendon and ligament laxity may be the cause of the joint dislocations seen in patients with Hunter—Thompson and Grebe type dysplasia, rather than developmental abnormalities in the joints themselves. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Methamphetamine‐induced striatal dopamine release, behavior changes and neurotoxicity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Kita Taizo , Matsunari Yasumori , Saraya Tutomu , Shimada Keiji , O'Hara Kiichi , Kubo Kaoru , Wagner George C. , Nakashima Toshikatsu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe behaviors associated with the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Hyperthermia and behavioral observations were measured 60 min after each subcutaneous injection of methamphetamine (4×4 or 8 mg/kg) or saline, each given 2 h apart. The behavioral observations included stereotyped behaviors, incidence of hemorrhage in breast, salivation and self‐injurious behavior (SIB). Repeated administration of methamphetamine produced these behavioral changes and hyperthermia, but resulted in hypothermia by the final injection (8 mg/kg). In addition, the methamphetamine treatment induced a long‐lasting dopamine depletion of similar magnitude in the 4 and 8 mg/kg‐treated animals. In a time course study striatal monoamine levels were measured 60 min after each injection of these doses. The first and second injections of methamphetamine (8 mg/kg) produced a drastic increase in striatal 3‐methoxytyramine; this failed to occur after the third or fourth injection of the same dose. In contrast, 4 mg/kg of methamphetamine also produced an increase in 3‐methoxytyramine after the second and third injections of the drug and, in this case, these were maintained for the duration of the treatment. Striatal 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels also drastically decreased following both doses of methamphetamine, suggesting inhibition of monoamine oxidase in striatum. Moreover, a single injection of methamphetamine increased striatal 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid formation.These results suggest that the incidence of hyperthermia, SIB and striatal dopamine neurotoxicity are closely linked to striatal dopamine release and inhibition of monoamine oxidase produced by methamphetamine in BALB/c mice.
Repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays myelination of the corpus callosum in fetal sheep
Authors: Huang W.L. , Harper C.G. , Evans S.F. , Newnham J.P. , Dunlop S.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGlucocorticoids regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and the myelin biosynthetic pathways. Synthetic glucocorticoids, the corticosteroids have been successfully used in clinical practice as a single course to enhance lung maturation and reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm infants with no long‐term neurologic or cognitive side effects. However, a trend has arisen to use repeated courses despite an absence of safety data from clinical trials. We examined the effects of clinically appropriate, maternally administrated, repeated courses of corticosteroids on myelination of the corpus callosum using sheep as a large animal model. The corpus callosum is a major white matter tract that undergoes protracted myelination, underpins higher order cognitive processing and developmental damage to which is associated with, for example, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pregnant ewes were given saline or betamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) at 104, 111, 118 and 124 days gestation, stages equivalent to the third trimester in humans. Lambs were delivered at 145 days (term), perfused and the corpus callosum examined light and electron microscopically. Total axon numbers were unaffected (P>0.05). However, myelination was significantly delayed. Myelinated axons were 5.7% in the experimental group and 9.2% in controls (P<0.05); conversely, unmyelinated axons were 88.3 and 83.7% (P<0.05). Myelinated axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness were also reduced (0.68 vs. 0.94 and 0.11 vs. 0.14 μm, P<0.05). Our data suggest that repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays myelination of the corpus callosum and that further safety data are needed to evaluate clinical practice.
Phosphorylation events mediated by protein kinase Cα and ε participate in regulation of tau steady‐state levels and generation of certain “Alzheimer‐like” phospho‐epitopes
Authors: Boyce John J. , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHyperactivation of protein kinase C (PKC) in intact neuroblastoma cells by several methods increases site‐specific tau phosphorylation as shown by increases in paired helical filament‐1 (PHF‐1) and ALZ‐50 but not AT‐8 immunoreactivity. In the present study, the influence of PKC on tau metabolism was further examined by isoform‐specific antisense oligonucleotide‐mediated PKC downregulation in human SH‐SY‐5Y neuroblastoma cells and by generation of stably‐transfected subclones expressing isoform‐specific anti‐PKC mRNA sequences. Downregulation of PKCε by both of these methods reduced PHF‐1 and ALZ‐50 immunoreactivity, suggesting that this PKC isoform, perhaps via downstream kinase cascades, regulated tau phosphorylation events that normally generate these epitopes. By contrast, downregulation of either PKCε or PKCα reduced immunoreactivity towards the phosphate‐independent anti‐tau antibodies 5E2 and JM, suggesting that both of these isoforms participated in regulation of tau steady‐state levels. Downregulation of PKCβ did not affect any of the above changes. The above roles were apparently unique for PKCε and PKCα, since activation of multiple PKC isoforms by phorbol ester treatment andlor other calcium‐dependent kinase(s) by ionophore‐mediated calcium influx could not compensate for downregulation of PKCα or PKCε in maintaining tau steady‐state levels or PHF‐1/ALZ‐50 immunoreactivity, respectively. These findings suggest that hyperactivation of signal transduction pathways, including those regulated by PKC, could evoke changes in neuronal cells reminiscent of those seen in affected neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
A transient CD15 immunoreactive sling in the developing mouse cerebellum
Authors: Ashwell K.W.S. , Mai J.K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe distribution of the 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyl‐lactosamine (FAL, CD15) epitope in the developing mouse cerebellum was examined with the aid of immunohistochemistry of paraffin sections. CD15 immunoreactivity first appeared at E15 as a discrete bundle of processes lying beneath, and slightly within, the deeper layers of the external granular layer. By E17, when the cerebellar anlagen had completed their midline fusion, these processes could be traced from the germinal trigone at the lateral limits of the cerebellar anlage around the posterior cerebellar midline to the opposite germinal trigone. By P2, this sling was no longer apparent and CD15 immunoreactivity was confined to astrocytes in the cerebellar white matter, surrounding the deep cerebellar nuclei.The CD15 immunoreactive processes pursue an unusual trajectory through the developing cerebellum, unlike any other previously described axonal or glial process bundle in the cerebellum. From its trajectory and association with the ventricular surface it seems that this structure, which we have named the transverse cerebellar sling, is composed of glial processes, although it was not immunoreactive for S‐100 or glial fibrillary acidic protein. The transient appearance of this sling encircling the posterior cerebellum is suggestive of a role in prenatal cerebellar morphogenesis.
The neural cell adhesion molecule in synaptic plasticity and ageing
Authors: Rønn Lars C.B. , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBy mediating cell adhesion and signal transduction, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) regulates neurite outgrowth, fasciculation and target recognition in the developing nervous system. In addition, a number of studies suggest an important role for the NCAM in regeneration and learning in the adult nervous system. NCAM‐deficient mice are impaired in spatial learning. Moreover, by interfering with normal NCAM function by intracranial injections of NCAM‐antibodies, long‐term potentiation (LTP) in rat hippocampal slices and learning in rats and chicks have been inhibited. In the vertebrate nervous system, NCAM is the dominant carrier of polysialic acid (PSA), an unusual carbohydrate consisting of long homopolymers of sialic acid. The PSA–NCAM expression decreases markedly during development. However, an upregulation of polysialic acid (PSA) in restricted brain areas including the hippocampus has been observed following learning. Moreover, enzymatic removal of PSA results in impaired LTP and learning. In muscle, the PSA–NCAM expression is upregulated following denervation. This response is weakened in aging rats. The expression of NCAM and PSA have been shown to be regulated by neuronal activity suggesting that the NCAM may promote structural remodelling in an activity dependent manner associated with learning and regeneration.
Neuropsychiatric consultation in mentally retarded patients: a clinical report
Authors: Verhoeven WMA , Tuinier S 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe present study describes the results of neuropsychiatric consultations in 70 institutionalized mentally retarded patients. On the basis of their major complaint, patients were assigned to eight overlapping categories. Diagnoses of a certain probability were established during multidisciplinary consensus meetings and classification was achieved according to ICD-10 criteria. In ten patients mental retardation was related to a specific syndrome; seizures or somatic comorbidity were present in 40 patients. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were: unspecified bipolar affective disorder (n = 14), depressive disorder (n = 6), impulse control disorder (n = 12), cycloid, transient, or schizoaffective psychotic disorder (n = 14), and (atypical) autism (n = 7). Recent history revealed a high occurrence of serious side effects of psychotropics or pharmacokinetic interactions. Appropriate pharmacological intervention resulted in an amelioration of the behavioural condition in about half of the patients. It is emphasized that psychiatric disorders frequently present with an atypical psychopathology and that stress- and anxiety-related disorders are most probably underdiagnosed.
Validation study of the French version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): new results about use and psychometric properties
Authors: Guedeney N , Fermanian J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe validation of the French version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), conducted on a sample of 87 women in the first 4 months of post-partum, is presented. The study of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values versus research diagnosis criteria provide the cut-off score of 10.5 as the best (sensitivity: 0.80; specificity: 0.92). The EPDS as an index of severity of postnatal depression (PND) also had good criterion validity compared to the psychiatrist's assessment. Factor analysis shows that the internal structure of the EPDS is composed of two subscales which underline a more accurate description of PND. The reliability study confirms the good internal consistency of the global scale (Cronbach's alpha: 0.76) and its good short term test-retest reliability (0.98).
How patients with heart failure are managed in Italy
Authors: Senni Michele , Gavazzi Antonello 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn Italy, the National Health System is funded from the taxation system of the state. It is organized by general practitioners in the community and specialists in the hospitals. All Italian citizens are registered with one of the general practitioners. Patients with suspected heart failure are generally referred from the family practitioner to a higher level of medical care. Only a minority of patients with heart failure are cared for by cardiologists, either as in‐ or outpatients. Echocardiography is widely available; nevertheless, few patients admitted to internal medicine divisions receive an echocardiogram compared to cardiology units. The ACE inhibitor usage by Italian cardiologists in patients with heart failure is satisfied, and the use of beta blockers is increasing in Italy at this time. Since only a small proportion of patients with heart failure are followed by cardiologists in Italy, further efforts are necessary until internists and general practitioners could be involved in treatment trials in heart failure. The aim of this approach is to transfer the beneficial effects observed in the trials to clinical practice.
Novel method to determine recursive filtration and noise reduction in fluoroscopic imaging – a comparison of four different vendors
Authors: Konst Bente , Nøtthellen Jacob , Nalum Naess Stine , Båth Magnus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study attempted to develop a method to measure the applied recursive filtration and to determine the noise reduction of four different fluoroscopic systems. The study also attempted to elucidate the importance of considering the recursive filter for quality control tests concerning signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) or image quality. The vendor’s settings for recursive filtration factor (β) are, unfortunately, often not available. Hence, a method to determine the recursive filtration and associated noise reduction would be useful.MethodThe recursive filter was determined by using a single fluoroscopic series and the method presented in this study. The theoretical noise reduction based on the choice of β was presented. In addition, the corresponding noise reduction, evaluated as the ratio of the standard deviation of the pixel value between a series with β equal to zero (recursive filtration off) and β > 0, was determined for different pulse rates given by pulses per second (pps), doses (mAs) and recursive filter. The images were acquired using clinically relevant radiation quality and quantity.ResultsThe presented method to measure the recursive filter exhibited high accuracy (1.08%) and precision (1.48%). The recursive filtration and noise reduction were measured for several settings for each vendor. The recursive filtration settings and associated recursive filtration factors for four different vendors were presented.ConclusionsThis study presented an accurate method to determine applied recursive filtration, which was easy to determine. Hence, for all quality control purposes, including noise evaluation, it was possible to consider the essential noise reduction given by the settings for recursive filtration. It was also possible to compare the recursive filtration settings and associated recursive filtration within and between vendors.
Implementation of a DVH Registry to provide constraints and continuous quality monitoring for pediatric CSI treatment planning
Authors: Sepulveda Esteban , Patrick Haley , Freeman Carolyn R. , Kildea John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCraniospinal irradiation (CSI) is a complex radiation therapy technique that is used for patients, often children and teenagers/young adults, with tumors that have a propensity to spread throughout the central nervous system such as medulloblastoma. CSI is associated with important long‐term side effects, the risk of which may be affected by numerous factors including radiation modality and technique. Lack of standardization for a technique that is used even in larger radiation oncology departments only a few times each year may be one such factor and the current ad hoc manner of planning new CSI patients may be greatly improved by implementing a dose–volume histogram registry (DVHR) to use previous patient data to facilitate prospective constraint guidance for organs at risk. In this work, we implemented a DVHR and used it to provide standardized constraints for CSI planning. Mann–Whitney U tests and mean differences at 95% confidence intervals were used to compare two cohorts (pre‐ and post‐DVHR intervention) at specific dosimetric points to determine if observed improvements in standardization were statistically significant. Through this approach, we have shown that the implementation of dosimetric constraints based on DVHR‐derived data helped improve the standardization of pediatric CSI planning at our center. The DVHR also provided guidance for a change in CSI technique, helping to achieve practice standardization across TomoTherapy and IMRT.
Combinatorial Photothermal 3D‐Printing Scaffold and Checkpoint Blockade Inhibits Growth/Metastasis of Breast Cancer to Bone and Accelerates Osteogenesis
Authors: He Chao , Yu Luodan , Yao Heliang , Chen Yu , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer metastases are the main causes for the high mortality of cancer. The current treatment modality for bone metastasis of breast cancer is dominantly destructive, which urges the engineering of multifunctional biomaterials, not only for eliminating primary/metastases tumors effectively but also for enhancing bone–tissue regeneration. Herein, an immune adjuvant (R837)‐loaded and niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXene‐modified 3D‐printing biodegradable scaffold (BG@NbSiR) is designed and constructed to effectively treat bone metastasis of breast cancer. The engineered BG@NbSiR scaffold can eradicate primary tumors, activate the immune response, suppress metastases, prevent tumor relapses (long‐term immunological memory) by synergizing with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, and accelerate osteogenesis as evidenced by multiple in vivo murine models. In particular, single‐cell sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is employed to further determine the critical factors responding to BG@NbSiR scaffold‐based photothermia plus checkpoint blockade‐combined immunotherapy. Several gene functional terms are identified in both tumor biology (including copy number variation) and immune response, which further reveal the underlying therapeutic mechanisms from the perspective of single‐cell transcriptome. This work not only demonstrates the promising clinical application potentials of BG@NbSiR scaffold‐based therapy against bone metastasis of breast cancer, but also provides distinctive avenues to optimize the design and construction of multifunctional tissue‐engineering biomaterials based on single‐cell genomes.