bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Grid Connected Solar-Wind Hybrid System With Reduction in Levelized Tariff for a Remote Island in India
Authors: Goswami Anik , Sadhu Paromita , Sadhu Pradip Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sagar Island which is located in the world's largest delta, the Sunderban, in the eastern coast of India faces severe power crunch. Due to its isolated location, the power infrastructure is underdeveloped. This has led to very unreliable power supply and frequent power cuts. The island being economically weak, power is inaccessible to most of its residents. Thus, the per unit energy consumption of the area is low and it has led to the lowering of the human development index of the area. However, Sagar Island, owing to its location, has huge solar and wind power potential. This paper discusses the prospect of developing a solar-wind hybrid power plant to supply power to the area. The developed hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) power plant will provide uninterrupted power to the island. Results show that the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from the proposed power plant is 0.03707 $/kWh, which is lower than the LCOE from the available grid. Lowering the cost of electricity will make electricity accessible to most of the inhabitants of the island. This will, in turn, increase the per unit energy consumption and hence the human development index. The proposed power plant will also help the environment by reducing CO2 emissions by 1894.08 tonnes annually. It will also save 587.39 tonnes of coal in its lifetime. Hence, the HRES power plant will make power accessible and also help Sagar Island to become a renewable fed “Green Island.”
Modeling the Flow and Transport Dynamics in Gasoline Particulate Filters to Improve Filtration Efficiency
Authors: Korneev Svyatoslav , Onori Simona 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We propose a new pore-scale/channel model, or hybrid model, for the fluid flow and particulate transport in gasoline particulate filters (GPFs). GPFs are emission control devices aimed at removing particulate out of the exhaust system of a gasoline direct injection engine. In this study, we consider a wall-flow uncoated GPF, which is made of a bundle of inlet and outlet channels separated by porous walls. The particulate-filled exhaust gas flows into the inlet channels, and passes through the porous walls before exiting out of the outlet channels. We model the flow inside the inlet and outlet channels using the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the spatially averaged Navier–Stokes equation for the flow inside the porous walls. For the particulate transport, the coupled advection and spatially averaged advection–reaction equations are used, where the reaction term models the particulate accumulation. Using OpenFOAM, we numerically solve the flow and the transport equations and show that the concentration of deposited particles is nonuniformly distributed along the filter length, with an increase of concentration at the back end of the filter as Reynolds number increases. Images from X-ray computed tomography (XCT)-scanning experiments of the soot-loaded filter show that such a nonuniform distribution is consistent with the prediction obtained from the model. Finally, we show how the proposed model can be employed to optimize the filter design to improve filtration efficiency.
Experimental Validation of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery System
Authors: Xu Bin , Yebi Adamu , Rathod Dhruvang , Onori Simona , Filipi Zoran , Hoffman Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses an experimental validation of a real-time augmented control scheme for an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery (WHR) system. A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is designed to regulate the working fluid vapor temperature after the evaporator. The NMPC utilizes a six-state reduced order moving boundary (MB) evaporator model. The state estimator is constructed using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) given the working fluid outlet vapor temperature and exhaust gas outlet temperature as measurements. Working fluid evaporation pressure is controlled by an external proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop. The experimental validation first compares the performance of the augmented control scheme with that of a traditional multiple loop PID control with a feedforward term over an engine transient. The experimental study shows that the augmented control scheme outperforms the baseline multiloop PID control in both terms tracking error and settling time during transient engine operation. The performance of the augmented control scheme is further validated over three additional transient conditions with alterations to both the engine transient and the working fluid reference temperature. The NMPC validation shows that the working fluid vapor temperature can be controlled within 1% error margin relative to the targeted reference.
Cracks Repairing by Using Laser Additive and Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Xu Zifa , Ouyang Wentai , Jia Shaohui , Jiao Junke , Zhang Mina , Zhang Wenwu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A laser additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing technology was proposed to repair Inconel 718 cracks in this paper. Microstructures and the mechanical properties such as the micro-hardness, the tensile strength, and the friction-wear of the repair zone were investigated in detail. The microstructure analysis showed that a metallurgical bonding could be achieved between the repair zone and the matrix. The typically columnar and dendrite crystal appeared in the repaired zone, and the crystal epitaxial grew along the deposition direction, and the heat-affected zone in the groove boundary was coarse equiaxial crystal. The mechanical test result showed that the micro-hardness and tensile strength of the repaired tissue was about 87% and 89% of the original Inconel 718 wrought substrate. And, the wear resistance of the repaired zone was similar to that of the substrate. It was found that the surface quality of the repair zone for laser polishing is better than that for mechanical milling.
Low-energy total diet replacement intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity treated with insulin: a randomized trial
Authors: Brown Adrian , Dornhorst Anne , McGowan Barbara , Omar Omar , Leeds Anthony R , Taheri Shahrad , Frost Gary S 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe management of patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes and obesity receiving insulin therapy (IT) is a substantial clinical challenge. Our objective was to examine the effect of a low-energy total diet replacement (TDR) intervention versus standardized dietetic care in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes and obesity receiving IT.Research design and methodsIn a prospective randomized controlled trial, 90 participants with type 2 diabetes and obesity receiving IT were assigned to either a low-energy TDR (intervention) or standardized dietetic care (control) in an outpatient setting. The primary outcome was weight loss at 12 months with secondary outcomes including glycemic control, insulin burden and quality of life (QoL).ResultsMean weight loss at 12 months was 9.8 kg (SD 4.9) in the intervention and 5.6 kg (SD 6.1) in the control group (adjusted mean difference −4.3 kg, 95% CI −6.3 to 2.3, p<0.001). IT was discontinued in 39.4% of the intervention group compared with 5.6% of the control group among completers. Insulin requirements fell by 47.3 units (SD 36.4) in the intervention compared with 33.3 units (SD 52.9) in the control (−18.6 units, 95% CI −29.2 to –7.9, p=0.001). Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) fell significantly in the intervention group (4.7 mmol/mol; p=0.02). QoL improved in the intervention group of 11.1 points (SD 21.8) compared with 0.71 points (SD 19.4) in the control (8.6 points, 95% CI 2.0 to 15.2, p=0.01).ConclusionsPatients with advanced type 2 diabetes and obesity receiving IT achieved greater weight loss using a TDR intervention while also reducing or stopping IT and improving glycemic control and QoL. The TDR approach is a safe treatment option in this challenging patient group but requires maintenance support for long-term success.Trial registration numberISRCTN21335883.
NEPA efficacy and tolerability during (neo)adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin
Authors: Yeo Winnie , Lau Thomas KH , Kwok Carol CH , Lai Kwai T , Chan Vicky TC , Li Leung , Chan Vivian , Wong Ashley , Soo Winnie MT , Yeung Eva WM , Wong Kam H , Tang Nelson LS , Suen Joyce JS , Mo Frankie KF 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThis is a prospective study evaluating NEPA in patients with breast cancer (the NEPA group), who received (neo)adjuvant AC chemotherapy (consisting of doxorubicin 60 mg/m2and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2). The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of NEPA in controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The secondary objectives were to compare CINV between the NEPA group and historical controls (the APR group) who received aprepitant in an earlier prospective randomised study.Patients and methods60 patients participated in the NEPA group; 62 were in the APR group. Eligibility criteria of both groups were similar, that is, Chinese patients with breast cancer who were treated with (neo)adjuvant AC. NEPA group received NEPA and dexamethasone; APR group received aprepitant, ondansetron and dexamethasone. Individuals filled in self-reported diary, visual analogue scale for nausea and Functional Living Index-Emesis questionnaire.ResultsWithin the NEPA group, 70.0%, 85.7% and 60.0%, respectively reported complete response in the acute, delayed and overall phases in cycle 1 AC. When compared with the historical APR group during cycle 1 AC, NEPA group achieved significantly higher rates of complete response, complete protection, total control, ‘no significant nausea’ and ‘no nausea’ in the delayed phase; similar findings were noted in the overall phase with significantly better quality of life. Superior efficacy of NEPA was maintained over multiple cycles. Both antiemetic regimens were well tolerated.ConclusionIn this study on Chinese patients with breast cancer who were uniformly receiving AC, NEPA was effective in controlling CINV.Trial registration numberNCT03386617.
Maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring
Authors: Nettleton Jodi E , Cho Nicole A , Klancic Teja , Nicolucci Alissa C , Shearer Jane , Borgland Stephanie L , Johnston Leah A , Ramay Hena R , Noye Tuplin Erin , Chleilat Faye , Thomson Carolyn , Mayengbam Shyamchand , McCoy Kathy D , Reimer Raylene A 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveWe examined the impact of maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption on adiposity, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota and mesolimbic pathway in obese dams and their offspring.DesignFollowing obesity induction, female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to: (1) high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) +water (obese-WTR); (2) HFS +aspartame (obese-APM; 5–7 mg/kg/day); (3) HFS +stevia (obese-STV; 2–3 mg/kg/day). Offspring were weaned onto control diet and water and followed until 18 weeks. Gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were measured in dams and offspring. Cecal matter from offspring at weaning was used for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice.ResultsMaternal APM and STV intake with a HFS diet increased body fat in offspring at weaning and body weight long-term with APM. Maternal APM/HFS consumption impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring at age 8 weeks and both APM and STV altered faecal microbiota in dams and offspring. Maternal obesity/HFS diet affected offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance more so than maternal LCS consumption at age 12 and 18 weeks. APM and STV altered expression of genes in the mesolimbic reward system that may promote consumption of a palatable diet. GF mice receiving an FMT from obese-APM and obese-STV offspring had greater weight gain and body fat and impaired glucose tolerance compared with obese-WTR.ConclusionMaternal low-calorie sweetener consumption alongside HFS may disrupt weight regulation, glucose control and gut microbiota in dams and their offspring most notably in early life despite no direct low-calorie sweetener consumption by offspring.
Accident prevention activity and accident experience in the Republic of Korea military
Authors: Kim Hwi Jun , Oh S Y , Choi D W , Won S Y , Kim H J , Ko S C , Woo S Y , Park E-C 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionAccording to data released by the Korea National Statistical Office, the number of accidents has been decreasing since 2012. However, a considerable number of deaths related to safety accidents (23–46 deaths) are still reported annually. This study aimed to observe the correlation between accident prevention activities in the Republic of Korea (ROK) military and the incidence of safety accidents.MethodsThe study used data from the 2014–2015 Military Health Survey and included 13 618 responses (Army: 8414 (61.8%); Navy/Marine: 2262 (16.6%); Air Force: 2942 (21.6%)) from the ROK military personnel. Accident experiences and thoughts on accident prevention activities were self-reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the validity of accident prevention activity and accident experience.ResultsOf the 13 618 military personnel who responded, 12.0% reported experiencing safety accidents in the military and 1020 (7.5%) felt that accident prevention activities in the military were insufficient. On logistic regression analysis, we found a significant difference (insufficiency OR=1.56, CI 1.31 to 1.86). In particular, military personnel who belong to the Army and Navy were more likely to think that accident prevention activities were insufficient. In addition, military personnel who experienced falls/slips, crash, and laceration/puncture wound/amputation/penetrating wound accidents were more likely to think accident prevention activities were insufficient.ConclusionsOur study found that accident prevention activities in the military and accident experiences were related. It is necessary for the ROK Ministry of Defense, Army, Navy and Air Force headquarters to re-evaluate their accident prevention systems.
Trends in occupational diseases in the Italian agricultural sector, 2004–2017
Authors: van der Molen Henk F , Marsili Chiara , Vitali Andrea , Colosio Claudio 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of, trends in and effect of change in reporting rules on occupational diseases (ODs) in the Italian agricultural sector.MethodsOver a 14-year period (2004–2017), ODs among Italian agricultural workers were diagnosed by physicians and reported to the National Institute for Insurance against Workplace Accidents and Occupational Diseases. OD was defined as a disease with a specific clinical diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases) and was predominantly caused by work-related factors. Trends in incidence and effects of changed eligibility criteria for reporting occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were estimated using a Poisson regression model.ResultsIn 2017, the incidence of all ODs was 1295 per 100 000 agricultural workers. MSDs (961 per 100 000 workers) were the most frequently occurring ODs. MSDs and NIHL showed statistically significant increasing time trends, 26% and 7% annual increase, respectively, during the 2004–2017 period. There was no statistically significant change in the incidence of occupational respiratory, skin and cancer diseases during the 14-year period. After changes in reporting rules, the incidence of MSDs showed an immediate increased effect, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.9 (95% CI 2.65 to 3.14) and a significant annual decreasing trend of −9% (95% CI −6% to −12%) over the years after the changed reporting rules (from 2008 to 2017), and an immediate effect on NIHL with an IRR of 1.3 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.53).ConclusionIn total, 1.3% of the Italian agricultural workers were diagnosed in 2017 as having an OD. Over a 14-year period, the annual incidence of ODs showed a considerable increasing trend consistent with changed eligibility reporting criteria for occupational MSDs and to a lesser extent for NIHL.
Risk for heat-related illness among wildland firefighters: job tasks and core body temperature change
Authors: West Molly R , Costello Sadie , Sol Joseph A , Domitrovich Joseph W 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesIn order to make recommendations to protect wildland firefighters (WLFFs) from heat-related illness, the role physical exertion plays on core body temperature (Tc) in the work environment needs to be considered. We aimed to estimate the association of time-varying job tasks with differing exertion levels on change in Tc, among WLFFs engaged in fire management activities, while controlling for ambient conditions and individual characteristics. In addition, we examined whether duration of tasks modified the relationship between task and change in Tc.MethodsWe used data from The Wildland Firefighter Heat Related Illness study, a repeated measures study with individual-level data on 301 WLFFs from 2013 to 2016. Job tasks over one full shift were recorded and categorised into four levels (sedentary, light, moderate and high) based on estimated exertion levels. Tc was measured every 15 s using an ingestible sensor and personal monitors measured ambient conditions. The analysis used generalised estimating equations with an autoregressive correlation structure.ResultsWe found statistically significant associations between job tasks with increased physical demand and increases in Tc. When compared with sedentary tasks, the estimated increases in Tc for light, moderate and high activity tasks of average duration were 0.07°C (95% CI 0.02 to 0.11°C), 0.19°C (95% CI 0.15 to 0.23) and 0.44°C (95% CI 0.39 to 0.49°C), respectively. In addition, we found evidence of interaction between task type and duration.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that occupational exposure to physical exertion increases Tc, highlighting the need to update recommendations to protect WLFFs from heat-related illness.
Possibility of traversable wormhole formation in the dark matter halo with istropic pressure
Authors: Xu Zhaoyi , Tang Meirong , Cao Gang , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe explore the possibility of traversable wormhole formation in the dark matter halos. We obtain the exact solutions of the spherical symmetry traversable wormhole with isotropic pressure condition, based on the Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW), Thomas–Fermi (TF) and Pseudo Isothermal (PI) matter density profiles. The derived traversable wormhole solution satisfies the flare-out condition for a specific dark matter center density and equation of state. We extend the spherical symmetry traversable wormhole solutions to an axisymmetric one. The weak energy condition (WEC) and null energy condition (NEC) are then checked near the wormhole throat, and we find that these traversable wormholes violate the WEC and NEC. Our traversable wormhole solutions show that the dark matter at the center of wormhole spacetime will be redistributed by the presence of a traversable wormhole, and the behavior of dark matter density is similar to a black hole spike.
Rapid exchange of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in hippocampal CA1 neurons
Authors: McQuate Andrea , Barria Andres 
Published: January 2020

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are fundamental coincidence detectors of synaptic activity necessary for the induction of synaptic plasticity and synapse stability. Adjusting NMDAR synaptic content, whether by receptor insertion or lateral diffusion between extrasynaptic and synaptic compartments, could play a substantial role defining the characteristics of the NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), which in turn would mediate the ability of the synapse to undergo plasticity. Lateral NMDAR movement has been observed in dissociated neurons; however, it is currently unclear whether NMDARs are capable of lateral surface diffusion in hippocampal slices, a more physiologically relevant environment. To test for lateral mobility in rat hippocampal slices, we rapidly blocked synaptic NMDARs using MK-801, a use-dependent and irreversible NMDAR blocker. Following a 5-min washout period, we observed a strong recovery of NMDAR-mediated responses. The degree of the observed recovery was proportional to the amount of induced blockade, independent of levels of intracellular calcium, and mediated primarily by GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. These results indicate that lateral diffusion of NMDARs could be a mechanism by which synapses rapidly adjust parameters to fine-tune synaptic plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) have always been considered stable components of synapses. We show that in rat hippocampal slices synaptic NMDARs are in constant exchange with extrasynaptic receptors. This exchange of receptors is mediated primarily by NMDA receptors containing GluN2B, a subunit necessary to undergo synaptic plasticity. Thus this lateral movement of synaptic receptors allows synapses to rapidly regulate the total number of synaptic NMDARs with potential consequences for synaptic plasticity.
The Th9 Axis Reduces the Oxidative Stress and Promotes the Survival of Malignant T Cells in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Dhamija Bhavuk , Marathe Soumitra , Ghosh Sarbari , Dwivedi Alka , Karulkar Atharva , Sharma Neha , Sengar Manju , Sridhar Epari , Bonda Avinash , Thorat Jayashree , Tembhare Prashant , Shet Tanuja , Gujral Sumeet , Bagal Bhausaheb , Laskar Siddhartha , Jain Hasmukh , Purwar Rahul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Immune dysfunction is critical in pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Few studies have reported abnormal cytokine profile and dysregulated T-cell functions during the onset and progression of certain types of lymphoma. However, the presence of IL9-producing Th9 cells and their role in tumor cell metabolism and survival remain unexplored. With this clinical study, we performed multidimensional blood endotyping of CTCL patients before and after standard photo/chemotherapy and revealed distinct immune hallmarks of the disease. Importantly, there was a higher frequency of “skin homing” Th9 cells in CTCL patients with early (T1 and T2) and advanced-stage disease (T3 and T4). However, advanced-stage CTCL patients had severely impaired frequency of skin-homing Th1 and Th17 cells, indicating attenuated immunity. Treatment of CTCL patients with standard photo/chemotherapy decreased the skin-homing Th9 cells and increased the Th1 and Th17 cells. Interestingly, T cells of CTCL patients express IL9 receptor (IL9R), and there was negligible IL9R expression on T cells of healthy donors. Mechanistically, IL9/IL9R interaction on CD3+ T cells of CTCL patients and Jurkat cells reduced oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and apoptosis and ultimately increased their survival. In conclusion, coexpression of IL9 and IL9R on T cells in CTCL patients indicates the autocrine-positive feedback loop of Th9 axis in promoting the survival of malignant T cells by reducing the oxidative stress.

Implications:
The critical role of Th9 axis in CTCL pathogenesis indicates that strategies targeting Th9 cells might harbor significant potential in developing robust CTCL therapy.