bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision‐making tool for navigating extracellular vesicle research and product development
Authors: Loria Francesca , Picciotto Sabrina , Adamo Giorgia , Zendrini Andrea , Raccosta Samuele , Manno Mauro , Bergese Paolo , Liguori Giovanna L. , Bongiovanni Antonella , Zarovni Nataša 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to their intercellular communication properties and involvement in a wide range of biological processes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being studied and exploited for different applications. Nevertheless, their complex nature and heterogeneity, as well as the challenges related to their purification and characterization procedures, require a cautious assessment of the qualitative and quantitative parameters that need to be monitored. This translates into a multitude of choices and putative solutions that any EV researcher must confront in both research and translational environments. In this respect, decision‐making tools may help assess various options, weigh pros and cons, and ultimately arrive at a thought‐out decision that considers both the best fit‐to‐source and fit‐to‐scope EV application(s). Here, we present a multi‐criteria EV decision‐making grid (EV‐DMG) as a novel, efficient, customizable, and easy‐to‐use tool to support EV research and innovation. By identifying and weighing key assessment criteria for comparing distinct EV‐based preparations and related processes, our EV‐DMG may assist any EV community member in making informed, traceable, and reproducible decisions regarding the management of EV sources or samples. Ultimately, this EV‐DMG may guide the adoption of the most suitable EV production and analytical pipelines for targeting a defined aim or application.
Conformation Dependence of Phenylalanine Characteristic Raman Markers
Authors: Hernández Belén , Coïc Yves‐Marie , Kruglik Sergei G. , Sanchez‐Cortes Santiago , Ghomi Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConformational dependence of six characteristic phenylalanine (Phe) Raman markers (Fi, i = 1, …, 6) was assessed through a multiconformational approach. Herein, aqueous solution off‐resonance Raman spectra of the cationic species of the tripeptide Gly‐Phe‐Gly, with amine/amide backbone terminal groups, accompanied by the density functional theory calculations, using three different hybrid functionals (B3LYP, wB97XD and M062X), were presented. A set of 15 initial conformers, having five types of backbone secondary structures (β‐strand, polyproline‐II, helical, classic and inverse γ‐turn) and three plausible side chain orientations, were submitted to geometry optimization. The optimized conformers permitted analysing the effect of non‐bonded interactions, such as intramolecular hydrogen bonds, as well those occurring through space between aromatic side chain and adjacent peptide bonds. It has been shown that M062X was the only functional capable of maintaining the stability of all conformers, especially those having an inverse γ‐turn backbone. In all calculations, extended chains (β‐like) and classic γ‐turn structures were shown to form the lowest and the highest energy conformers, respectively. Helical and pP‐II structures belong to intermediate energy conformers. Raman spectrum was calculated by the thermal (Boltzmann) average of those spectra arising from the whole optimized conformers. An increasing global improvement of the spectral shape is to be noticed in going from the data obtained B3LYP to ωB97XD and M062X. Furthermore, explicit hydration of conformers improves the quality of the calculated spectrum by means of M062X. Wavenumber dispersion of the characteristic Raman markers revealed that F5 (~1004 cm−1) has the lowest dispersion (≤ 1 cm−1), remaining unaffected by explicit hydration. In contrast, F3 (~1207 cm−1) shows the largest shift (≤ 6 cm−1), whereas a moderate one (≤ 3 cm−1) was predicted for F1 (~1605 cm−1), F2 (~1586 cm−1) and F4 (~1035 cm−1). Explicit versus implicit hydration seems to affect the wavenumber dispersion of F6 (~622 cm−1). It can be concluded that the conformational sensitivity of the Phe characteristic markers basically arises from the nature of their vibrational motions.
Impact of Vegetation Canopy, Litter, and Roots on Soil Erosion Under Complex Rainfall Regimes: A Case Study With Artemisia sacrorum in Loess Hilly Region of China
Authors: Yin Qiuyu , Liu Jianbo , Zhang Bing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVegetation restoration in loess hilly areas effectively controls soil erosion. However, the impact mechanisms of vegetation canopy, litter, and roots on soil erosion under complex rainfall regimes remain uncertain. The typical sub‐shrub species (
Artemisia sacrorum
) set up four treatments (natural condition, NC; canopy + roots, CR; roots only, OR; and bare soil, BS) in 2015–2017. K value clustering analysis was used to classify three rainfall regimes: Regime‐I (short duration, small amount and medium intensity), Regime‐II (medium duration, amount and high intensity), and Regime‐III (long duration, large amount and low intensity). The results showed that the average runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration followed the order: BS treatment > OR treatment > CR treatment > NC treatment. The canopy accounted for more than 60% of the total contribution to soil loss and sediment concentration reduction. The litter had the lowest relative contribution to both runoff and soil loss reduction (29.76% and 4.19%, respectively). Roots accounted for the most contribution of 37.27% to reduce runoff, and just contributed 28.41% to reduce soil loss. Rainfall regimes significantly influenced the contribution of
Artemisia sacrorum
components to control soil erosion. Regime‐III showed the highest contribution of different treatments to runoff and soil loss reduction (51.5%–79.9% and 65.7%–99.1%, respectively), while the lowest contributions occurred in Regime‐II (14.4%–47.5%) and Regime‐I (6.89%–95.08%), respectively. The canopy accounted for the 180.02% of the total contribution to reduce soil loss in Regime‐II, but it instead had the minimum relative contribution of 6.81% in Regime‐III. The relative contribution of roots to runoff reduction reached 91.24% in Regime‐III, but just was 37.31% in Regime‐II. The litter and roots even had negatively relative contribution in Regime‐II or Regime‐III. Besides, contributions of canopy and roots showed increase and decrease responses to increasing I
30, respectively, while the litter contribution only negatively related to rainfall duration. These findings indicated that the canopy was the most critical factor in controlling soil erosion, while the litter played the lowest function, and the roots had continuous effects. The functions of plant components would change with different regimes, which maybe not always beneficial for reducing soil erosion. This study provides new insights into the rainfall‐vegetation‐erosion relationship.
COVID-recruited anglers: Who are they and how can we retain them?
Authors: Granneman Jennifer , Bauer Hanna , Bodine Kristopher A. , Daugherty Daniel J. , Guild Nick , Schlechte J. Warren , Taylor John B. , Thomas Zack 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
During the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Texas fishing license sales were 25% higher than those in 2019, with over 200,000 first-time anglers. To better understand this unprecedented cohort of new anglers, we conducted an online survey to examine motivations, behaviors, preferences, and barriers to participation.

Methods
We invited 60,000 anglers to participate in a self-administered online survey by e-mailing an invitation to anglers from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department customer license database.

Result
Sixty-eight percent of survey respondents were new anglers recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the remaining 32% were retained anglers that began fishing before the pandemic. Compared to the typical retained angler (i.e., White, male, 45–54 years old), new anglers were 1.9 times more likely to be female, twice as likely to fish in freshwater, 2.8 times more likely to be younger than 44 years old, and more likely to identify as Black or African American (1.9 times) or as Asian or Pacific Islander (2.8 times). New anglers were motivated to fish to spend time with family and friends and were less likely than retained anglers to keep the fish that they caught (1.5 times), to fish from a boat (1.5 times), to fish more than an hour from home (1.4 times), and to renew their fishing license (3.9 times). License sales of survey respondents in 2022 showed that 68% of retained anglers purchased another license, while 51% of new anglers purchased another fishing license.

Conclusion
In summary, new anglers differed significantly from retained anglers in terms of sociodemographics, motivations to fish, preferred amenities at fishing sites, and the challenges they face to continue fishing. To retain these new anglers, novel approaches are likely needed, which may include targeting specific demographics with more beginner information about fishing and directing users to sites with their preferred amenities.
Biomedical Applications of Aerogels: Therapeutic Potential, Safety, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Jaiswal Sheetal , Yadav Paramjeet , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAerogels are garnering considerable attention in biomedical fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. These materials are noted for their low density, high porosity, and customizable pore structures, making them highly suitable for applications such as drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and wound healing. They provide excellent platforms for loading drugs and active biomolecules. Consequently, research into the therapeutic potential of aerogels has surged, both in vitro and in vivo, reflecting an increased acknowledgment of their biomedical promise. Despite this growing body of research, detailed data on the in vivo performance and safety of aerogels remain sparse. While polymer‐based, silica‐based, and hybrid aerogels are generally deemed safe, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity. This review presents a thorough examination of the biomedical applications of aerogels, exploring both conventional uses and innovative applications like decontamination. We assess the biological impacts of aerogels on cells and organisms, focusing on their therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Through this detailed review, we aim to highlight the current state of aerogel research in the biomedical field and pinpoint key areas where further investigation is needed to ensure their safe and effective use in medical applications.
Preparation and Characterization of Amphoteric Polysaccharides Derived From Chitosan and Gellan Gum
Authors: Tuleyeva Rysgul N. , Tatykhanova Gulnur S. , Gizatullina Nargiz N. , Kaldybekov Daulet B. , Bardadym Yuliia V. , Aseyev Vladimir O. , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPolysaccharides such as chitosan (Ch) and gellan gum (GG) were chemically modified to produce water–soluble amphoteric polyelectrolytes. These derivatives were synthesized via carboxymethylation and quaternization reactions and characterized using techniques including 1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The degree of quaternization of gellan gum (QGG) with trimethylammonium groups was determined to be ~38% as by 1H NMR spectroscopy; ~35% based on potentiometric titration, and ~39% according to elemental analysis. Similarly, the degree of carboxymethylation of chitosan (CMCh) was calculated as ~37% according to 1H NMR data, while back potentiometric titration provided a value of ~35%. The modified polysaccharides exhibited distinct isoelectric points (pHIEP) as determined through electrophoretic mobility measurements and conventional viscometric analysis. The data collected from both techniques were in good agreement indicating pHIEP = 2.0–2.5 for the modified gellan gum and pHIEP = 7.0 for the modified chitosan. Amphoteric Ch and GG were used to stabilize spherical (AuNSs) and rod‐like (AuNRs) gold nanoparticles, synthesized using “one‐pot” and seed‐growth methods, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed particle binding to the modified polymers. The average diameters of AuNSs stabilized with QGG and CMCh were ~45 and 85 nm, respectively, whereas AuNRs stabilized by QGG and CMCh exhibited dimensions of ~50–55 nm (length) and ~12–14 nm (width). These findings suggest that amphoteric QGG and CMCh‐stabilized AuNSs and AuNRs could potentially be used as effective photothermal agents for treating Ehrlich cancer cells, as previously reported by our research group (Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2024, 2400128).
Nonuniformity of Irradiation Distribution on Vehicles' Bodies
Authors: Sovetkin Evgenii , Gordon Michael , Patel Neel , Gerber Andreas , Reinders Angèle , Peibst Robby , Pieters Bart E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNonuniformity of irradiation in photovoltaic (PV) modules causes a current mismatch in the cells, which leads to energy losses. In the context of vehicle‐integrated PV (VIPV), the nonuniformity is typically studied for the self‐shading effect caused by the curvature of modules. This study uncovers the impact of topography on the distribution of sunlight on vehicle surfaces, focusing on two distinct scenarios: the flat‐surface cargo area of a small delivery truck and the entire body of a commercial passenger vehicle. We employ a commuter pattern driving profile in Germany and a broader analysis incorporating random sampling of various road types and locations across 17,000 km2 in Europe and 59,000 km2 in the United States using LIDAR‐derived topography and OpenStreetMap data. Our findings quantify irradiation inhomogeneity patterns shaped by the geographic landscape, road configurations, urban planning, and vegetation. The research identifies topography as the primary factor affecting irradiation distribution uniformity, with the vehicle's surface orientation and curvature serving as secondary influencers. The most significant variation occurs on vertical surfaces of the vehicle in residential areas, with the lower parts receiving up to 35% less irradiation than the top part of the car. These insights may be used to improve the design and efficiency of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaic systems, optimizing energy capture in diverse environmental conditions.
Effect of Caloric Restriction and Aerobic Exercise on Premenstrual Syndrome, Anthropometric, and Hormonal Parameters in Obese Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Soliman Yara M. , Okeel Fahiema M. , Yousef Amel M. , Mostafa Mohamed H. , Osman Doaa A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms in women. Obesity may worsen PMS, but the impact of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise on PMS in obese women is unclear. This study examines their effects on PMS, anthropometric, and hormonal parameters in obese females.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial involved 40 obese females with PMS. They were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. The control group (A) received medical treatment in the form of Brufen 400 mg: one tablet daily for 5 days before menstruation and two tablets daily during menstruation for 12 weeks. The study group (B) received the same medical treatment and additionally engaged in a program of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included the premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist‐hip (W/H) ratio, and serum levels of progesterone and cortisol.ResultsAt baseline, no significant between‐group differences were observed in PMSS scores, anthropometric measures (weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W/H ratio), or hormonal parameters (serum cortisol and progesterone). Post‐treatment, the study group (B) demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to the control group (A), including reductions in PMSS scores, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W/H ratio, and serum cortisol, along with significantly higher serum progesterone levels (p < 0.05).DiscussionA 12‐week program of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise resulted in substantial improvements in PMS symptoms, anthropometric parameters, cortisol levels, and progesterone levels in obese females with PMS.
A tutorial on pharmacometric Markov models
Authors: Ooi Qing Xi , Plan Elodie , Bergstrand Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Markov chain is a stochastic process in which the future value of a variable is conditionally independent of the past, given its present value. Data with Markovian features are characterized by: frequent observations relative to the expected changes in values, many consecutive same‐category or similar‐value observations at the individual level, and a positive correlation observed between the current and previous values for that variable. In drug development and clinical settings, the data available commonly present Markovian features and are increasingly often modeled using Markov elements or dedicated Markov models. This tutorial presents the main characteristics, evaluations, and applications of various Markov modeling approaches including the discrete‐time Markov models (DTMM), continuous‐time Markov models (CTMM), hidden Markov models, and item‐response theory model with Markov sub‐models. The tutorial has a specific emphasis on the use of DTMM and CTMM for modeling ordered‐categorical data with Markovian features. Although the main body of this tutorial is written in a software‐neutral manner, annotated NONMEM code for all key Markov models is included in the Supplementary Information.
Characterization of Edible pH‐Responsive Ink Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Purple Potato Anthocyanin/Curcumin for Monitoring Pork Freshness
Authors: Hu Haichuan , Chen Jinghua , Lin Chenlu , Sun Haolin , Chen Yuheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study developed an edible indicator ink based on purple potato anthocyanins and curcumin for monitoring the freshness of pork. By utilizing dual colourants and adjusting the pH value of the ink matrix, the pH and ammonia sensitivity of the ink were significantly enhanced. The FT‐IR analysis reflected that the composite pigments were successfully integrated into the ink. To assess its practicality, the ink was used to monitor the freshness changes of pork stored at 4°C for 7 days. The colour change of ink was positively correlated with the degree of pork spoilage, indicating that the ink can accurately reflect the freshness of pork. The ink provided an intuitive detection effect, further enhancing the application value of natural pigments in the packaging industry.
Spontaneous Metal‐Chelation Strategy for Highly Dense Ni Single‐Atom Catalysts with Asymmetric Coordination in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Kim Jae Hak , Kim Jaehyun , Ma Joonhee , Cho Jin Hyuk , Jeong Jaemin , Iimura Soshi , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping metal–nitrogen‐doped carbon single‐atom catalysts (M–NC SACs) with high loadings for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) remains challenging owing to the risk of metal aggregation. Herein, the study presents a facile strategy for synthesizing M–NC SACs using metal‐chelating ligands, eliminating the need for additional processing steps. Specifically, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a strong metal‐chelating ligand, the formation of Ni nanoparticles is effectively prevented and a high loading of ≈2.7 wt.% is achieved, leading to the development of high‐loading Ni SACs. The resulting catalysts exhibit a high CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 96.6% and CO partial current density of −120.2 mA cm−2 and retain a FECO over 90% in a broad potential range of −0.4 to −0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, theoretical calculations indicate that the asymmetric Ni–N3C1 local coordination structure within the catalyst reveals an optimal balance between *COOH formation and *CO desorption, which enhances the activity for eCO2RR to CO. This study offers an efficient strategy to suppress metal nanoparticle formation while simultaneously improving the metal loading in M–NC SACs.
Gold Tetrahedral Nanoframes with Mono‐Rim or Dual‐Rim Morphologies for Enhanced Near‐Field Focusing in SERS
Authors: Kwon Sunwoo , Kim Hyunji , Zhao Qiang , Oh Myeong Jin , Hur Kyuvin , Jung Insub , Park Sungho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents a synthesis method for Au tetrahedral nanoframes (Td NFs) through a rationally designed multiple‐step process, followed by an investigation of their distinctively ordered self‐assembly for enhanced performance in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Two distinct Au Td NF building blocks are synthesized, exhibiting mono‐rim or dual‐rim morphologies. The mono‐rim structure lacks intra‐nanogaps, whereas the dual‐rim configuration features well‐defined intra‐nanogaps. The non‐centrosymmetric Td NFs self‐assemble into a distinctive antiparallel arrangement that alternates between the tip‐up and face‐up orientations of the Au Td NFs. This configuration results in the formation of both triply tip‐to‐tip and face‐to‐face nanogaps. The unique zigzag pattern exhibited strong electromagnetic field enhancement and extensive spatial hot zones, significantly amplifying near‐field focusing and, consequently, the SERS effect. The near‐field enhancement of Au Td NF assemblies is confirmed through finite element method simulations and experimentally validated by comparing bulk SERS measurements with those of Au octahedron NF assemblies, which tend to adopt a parallel face‐to‐tip alignment during assembly. Owing to the complex arrangement of multiple intra‐nanogaps between the internal rim‐to‐rim interfaces and the four exposed facets, dual‐rim Td NFs exhibited single‐particle SERS activity, a capability not observed in analogous Td NFs with single rims.
Redox State‐Driven Synthesis of Mesoporous and Microsphere Poly(phenylenediamine) for Transition Metal‐Free and All‐polymer Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Ramar Alagar , Foeng Ruben , Divyavalli Jayaraman , Wang Fu‐Ming , Kao Pei‐Yun , Sundari Citra Deliana Dewi , Chang Ching‐Kai , Merinda Laurien , Liu Bai‐Tai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) are garnering immense attention for their capability to operate without the expensive elements required by lithium‐ion batteries. Phenylenediamine serves as a versatile and sustainable resource, enabling the efficient preparation of both cathode and anode materials through precise molecular control and straightforward synthesis. The innovative asymmetrical DIBs based on amine‐rich poly(phenylenediamine) cathodes and imine‐rich poly(phenylenediamine) anodes enable oxidative and reductive states, providing a transition metal‐free rechargeable battery. The polarity difference between amine and imine redox groups in the polymeric structure resulted in a high cell voltage of 2.2 V and a specific capacity of 100 mAh g−1, yielding an energy density of 220 Wh kg−1. The radical cation generated at the cathode found stability through aromatic resonance, while the radical anion formed at the anode is supported by the quinoid structure. The exciting insights in energy storage promise a revolution with rechargeable batteries using abundant elements, offering sustainable energy solutions.