bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condutas Preventivas ao Parto Prematuro na Atenção Primária a Saúde / Preventive Conduct for Premature Childirth in Primary Health Care
Authors: Lopes Edson Lima , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo 
Published: December 2020

Resumo: A prematuridade é um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública, por contribuir fortemente para a elevada taxa de morbimortalidade infantil. Possíveis fatores de risco que colaboram para sua ocorrência têm sido investigados, dentre eles a assistência pré-natal, pois a mesma é elencada em virtude de, por meio dela, ser possível prevenir, diagnosticar e tratar eventos indesejáveis que possam resultar em danos para mãe e o recém-nascido. Diante disso o estudo tem como objetivo compreender as condutas preventivas ao parto prematuro na Atenção primária a Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo do tipo revisão de literatura, que foi realizado mediante a seleção de artigos, respeitando os últimos seis anos de publicação, ou seja, entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) encontrou as palavras-chave: Prevenção. Profissionais de Saúde. Prematuridade, a busca se deu nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Bireme. Foram encontrados 30 artigos para uma leitura minuciosa e contextualização da pesquisa, porém foram utilizados 20 publicações para uma adequada organização do estudo e excluídos 10 artigos por não corresponderem às expectativas deste estudo, mediante isso foram estabelecidos os critérios que foram: disponível eletronicamente o estudo completo, a temática abordada seja pertinente ao tema, estavam dentro dos últimos 6 anos de publicação e escritos na língua portuguesa. Quanto aos critérios de exclusão foram: os estudos de temáticas diferenciadas, os que apresentem apenas os resumos, não contemplem os objetivos da pesquisa e que não abordem detalhadamente a temática em discussão. Dessa forma, a pesquisa foi realizada nos meses de maio e junho de 2019. O Brasil necessita melhorar a qualidade da assistência pré-natal e das ações de educação em saúde, permitindo uma melhor acessibilidade ao acompanhamento pré-natal, aos exames necessários a serem realizados, favorecer o conhecimento prévio através das orientações em saúde para a gestante a respeito do local do parto, dos cuidados durante esse período e a importância da concretização do número de consultas preconizados pelo Ministério da saúde. O acompanhamento pré-natal de qualidade configura-se como uma ação eficaz para detecção precoce e tratamento de intercorrências na saúde materna, colaborando para a diminuição de riscos tanto para a gestante quanto para o concepto. Conclui- se que é importante o desenvolvimento da educação em saúde dentro das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, formando grupos de gestantes e rodas de conversas trazendo temáticas voltadas aos cuidados maternos durante o período de acompanhamento pré-natal, assim como esclarecer a importância do início do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre e a partir disso desenvolver toda a assistência qualificada para essa gestante.
α3* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Habenula-Interpeduncular Nucleus Circuit Regulate Nicotine Intake
Authors: Elayouby Karim S. , Ishikawa Masago , Dukes Angeline J. , Smith Alexander C. W. , Lu Qun , Fowler Christie D. , Kenny Paul J. 
Published: December 2020

Allelic variation inCHRNA3, the gene encoding the α3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases, but little is known about the role for α3-containing (α3*) nAChRs in regulating the addiction-related behavioral or physiological actions of nicotine. α3* nAChRs are densely expressed by medial habenula (mHb) neurons, which project almost exclusively to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPn) and are known to regulate nicotine avoidance behaviors. We found thatChrna3tm1.1Hwrthypomorphic mice, which express constitutively low levels of α3* nAChRs, self-administer greater quantities of nicotine (0.4 mg kg−1per infusion) than their wild-type littermates. Microinfusion of a lentivirus vector to express a short-hairpin RNA into the mHb or IPn to knock-downChrna3transcripts markedly increased nicotine self-administration behavior in rats (0.01–0.18 mg kg−1per infusion). Using whole-cell recordings, we found that the α3β4* nAChR-selective antagonist α-conotoxin AuIB almost completely abolished nicotine-evoked currents in mHb neurons. By contrast, the α3β2* nAChR-selective antagonist α-conotoxin MII only partially attenuated these currents. Finally, micro-infusion of α-conotoxin AuIB (10 μm) but not α-conotoxin MII (10 μm) into the IPn in rats increased nicotine self-administration behavior. Together, these data suggest that α3β4* nAChRs regulate the stimulatory effects of nicotine on the mHb-IPn circuit and thereby regulate nicotine avoidance behaviors. These findings provide mechanistic insights into howCHRNA3risk alleles can increase the risk of tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases in human smokers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAllelic variation inCHRNA3, which encodes the α3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit gene, increases risk of tobacco dependence but underlying mechanisms are unclear. We report thatChrna3hypomorphic mice consume greater quantities of nicotine than wild-type mice and that knock-down ofChrna3gene transcripts in the habenula or interpeduncular nucleus (IPn) increases nicotine intake in rats. α-Conotoxin AuIB, a potent antagonist of the α3β4 nAChR subtype, reduced the stimulatory effects of nicotine on habenular neurons, and its infusion into the IPn increased nicotine intake in rats. These data suggest that α3β4 nAChRs in the habenula-IPn circuit regulate the motivational properties of nicotine.
Microglia Elimination Increases Neural Circuit Connectivity and Activity in Adult Mouse Cortex
Authors: Liu Yong-Jun , Spangenberg Elizabeth E. , Tang Bryan , Holmes Todd C. , Green Kim N. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: December 2020

Microglia have crucial roles in sculpting synapses and maintaining neural circuits during development. To test the hypothesis that microglia continue to regulate neural circuit connectivity in adult brain, we have investigated the effects of chronic microglial depletion, via CSF1R inhibition, on synaptic connectivity in the visual cortex in adult mice of both sexes. We find that the absence of microglia dramatically increases both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections to excitatory cortical neurons assessed with functional circuit mapping experiments in acutely prepared adult brain slices. Microglia depletion leads to increased densities and intensities of perineuronal nets. Furthermore,in vivocalcium imaging across large populations of visual cortical neurons reveals enhanced neural activities of both excitatory neurons and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the visual cortex following microglia depletion. These changes recover following adult microglia repopulation. In summary, our new results demonstrate a prominent role of microglia in sculpting neuronal circuit connectivity and regulating subsequent functional activity in adult cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglia are the primary immune cell of the brain, but recent evidence supports that microglia play an important role in synaptic sculpting during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how microglia regulate synaptic connectivity in adult brain. Our present work shows chronic microglia depletion in adult visual cortex induces robust increases in perineuronal nets, and enhances local excitatory and inhibitory circuit connectivity to excitatory neurons. Microglia depletion increasesin vivoneural activities of both excitatory neurons and parvalbumin inhibitory neurons. Our new results reveal new potential avenues to modulate adult neural plasticity by microglia manipulation to better treat brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Pengiriman Daya dari Inverter Lima Tingkat ke Grid Satu Fasa Menggunakan Arduino Due
Authors: Kristiawan Iwan , Pratomo Leonardus Heru 
Published: December 2020

Inverter has been used for a wide variety of applications in renewable energy system. The use of inverter in a solar power plant system can off-grid and on-grid. H-Bridge inverter is one of the commonly used inverter. One of its disadvantages is the requirement of high frequency in order to get a low defect level on the output current. The use of a five-level inverter with considering the amount of a power semiconductor switch in can be as an alternative. This study aims to use a five-level inverter with five power semiconductor switches to deliver power to the grid.The working principle uses two sinusoidal signals that are shifted by 1800 compared to two carrier signals to produce a sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal. A sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal is used as a controller on each power semiconductor switch. The transmitted power is in the form of a current that is injected into the single-phase grid. The transmission of a power using five-level inverter to a single-phase grid was validated by a Power Simulator software. The final stage was a hardware implementation in the laboratory. The result shows that the inverter could transmit a power as current with 4.01% THDi, transmitted power as 36.4 Watts, and transmitted current as 0.52 Amps.
Gaya Bahasa dalam Singir (Syi'ir) Mutiara Isra' Mi'raj sebagai Puisi Jawa Tradisional
Authors: Nurianti Arum Novalia 
Published: December 2020

Syi’ir is one of the literary works belonging to traditional Javanese poetry which requires a variety of language styles. Therefore, this research aims to examine (1) the form of language style that is in Syi’ir Mutiara Isra’ Mi’raj and (2) the function of language style that is in Syi’ir Mutiara Isra’ Mi’raj. The theory used is the Keraf language style theory with a stylistic approach from Nurgiyantoro. The data from this research in the form of the lyrics in Syi’ir Mutiara Isra’ Mi’raj . Data collection uses the documentation method in the form of personal documents from informants. The results of this study indicate that there are six dominant language styles and their functions in Syi’ir Mutiara Isra’ Mi’raj including; (1) antonomasia language style with labeling and characteristics function; (2) anaphora language style with emphasis function; (3) assonance language style with sound beauty function; (4) antithesis language style with the function of comparing two opposites; (5) anaculoton language style with the function of concentrating meaning in short language; and (6) enumeration language style with image generating function.
Keywords: language style, Singir Mutiara Isra’ Mi’raj, javanese poetry
Code Choices Used by the Society in the Event of Halal Bi Halal Tradition: An ethnographic Study in Boyolali 2019
Authors: Haryanto Sigit , Fatmawati Rini 
Published: December 2020

Language, culture, and society are three things that cannot be separated. The intertwining among them are reflected in halal bi halal tradition. This annually tradition mainly uses Javanese language as a main central of social communication. Two common codes that used by the participants in conducting the event are krama and ngoko. The participants when choosing the codes, of course, are influenced by the social factors. Dealing with this, the aim of this study is finding the language choices use and the factors that affect the participants selecting the codes. This ethnographic study used participant observation in collecting the data. Then, the collected data were analyzed by theory of social dimension proposed by Holmes. The results of the study showed that (1) the language choices use are (a) Javanese krama, (b) Javanese ngoko, (c) mixture of Javanese and Arabic, (d) mixture of Javanese, and Arabic, and Indonesian, and (e) Indonesian and Indonesian and (2) the factors that affect the language choices are (a) the social relationship of the participants, (b) the setting of the event, (c) the formality of the vent, and (d0 the function for the event. As a conclusion, code choices that happen in halal bi halal tradition are commonly affected by social factor or nonlinguistic factor.
Peran Kelembagaan Dakwah dalam Penguatan Kemandirian Anak Jalanan : Kasus Rumah Singgah Bina Anak Pertiwi, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Oktaviani Eneng Fani , Halim Jufri , Hidayatulloh M Taufik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe research objective is to depict the stages of forming of the street children’s autonomy in the Rumah Singgah Bina Anak Pertiwi, South Jakarta, and the characteristics of their autonomy. We use in-depth interviews and document searches in data collection. Miles and Huberman's techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing were used for data analysis. The results showed that: (1) The stages of forming the autonomy of street children began with treatment, then empowerment which is a factor of the autonomy; (2) The characteristics of their autonomy can be seen from their ability to carry out all their activities independently, to be able to manage their own lives, to control their emotions, to share ideas and to make decisions and choices according to their views. AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tahapan pembinaan kemandirian anak jalanan di Rumah Singgah Bina Anak Pertiwi Jakarta Selatan, dan karakteristik kemandirian mereka. Kami menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan penelusuran dokumen untuk pengumpulan data. Teknik Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tahapan pembentukan kemandirian anak jalanan diawali dengan pengobatan, lalu pemberdayaan yang menjadi faktor kemandirian; (2) Karakteristik kemandirian mereka dapat dilihat dari kemampuan melakukan segala kegiatannya secara mandiri, mampu mengatur kehidupannya sendiri, dapat mengontrol emosinya, dapat berbagi ide dan membuat keputusan dan pilihan sesuai dengan pandangan mereka.
GERAKAN ISLAM DAN KETIDAKADILAN SOSIAL: SIKAP ANTI AMERIKA DI KALANGAN MUSLIM
Authors: Tasman Tasman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explore how is the real perception of the Indonesian Muslim community towards America and the West in general. What form of cooperation has been built by the two countries (Indonesia and America) so as to arouse the turmoil of Muslim activists in several regions of Indonesia? This study uses a qualitative method by interviewing Muslim figures in Indonesia. This research finds that Muslim social movements (which are partly anti-America) are caused by a sense of social injustice. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menggali bagaimana sesungguhnya persepsi masyarakat Muslim Indonesia terhadap Amerika dan Barat pada umumnya. Bagaimana bentuk kerjasama yang selama ini dibangun oleh kedua negara (Indonesia dan Amerika) sehingga membangkitkan gejolak aktivis Muslim di beberapa daerah Indonesia? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mewawancarai tokoh-tokoh Muslim di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa gerakan sosial Muslim itu (yang sebagian anti Amerika) disebabkan oleh rasa ketidakadilan sosial.
Harmoni dalam Perbedaan: Komunikasi Antarbudaya pada Masyarakat Transmigran di Kampung Bali Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Kesuma Wardani Rama Wijaya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe people of South Sumatra are very diverse in terms of culture, language, and religion. This article is aimed to explore the portrait of religious harmony between Hindus who are mostly Balinese and Muslims who are actually indigenous people (of Musi Rawas) and Javanese in Kampung Bali, Musi Rawas, South Sumatra. The method of this research is qualitative, and this type of research is phenomenology. One of the research findings is a variety of factors that support the realization of harmony among religious people in Kampung Bali: first, cultural factors; second, social interaction and dialogue between religious leaders of Hinduism and Islam; third, figures who engage in the social environment; fourth, the bond of a religious collaboration to meet the needs of life. AbstrakMasyarakat Sumatera Selatan sangat beragam dalam hal budaya, bahasa, dan agama. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potret kerukunan umat beragama antara umat Hindu yang sebagian besar orang Bali dan Muslim yang merupakan masyarakat asli (Musi Rawas) dan Jawa di Kampung Bali, Musi Rawas, Sumatera Selatan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dan jenis penelitiannya adalah fenomenologi. Salah satu temuan penelitiannya adalah berbagai faktor yang mendukung terwujudnya kerukunan umat beragama di Kampung Bali: pertama, faktor budaya; kedua, interaksi sosial dan dialog antara pemuka agama Hindu dan Islam; ketiga, tokoh yang terlibat dalam lingkungan sosial; keempat, ikatan kolaborasi agama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup.
Peta Dakwah Kecamatan Sawangan Kota Depok
Authors: Yakin Syamsul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe conditions of da’wah with various problems and solutions need to be mapped. This paper aims to provide an analysis based on research. The research is directed to collect data to arrange da’wah map at Sawangan sub district of Depok. The research uses descriptive-analytical to describe the facts of da’wah at Sawangan sub district of Depok. The method of the study is a qualitative which data are taken by using interviews. The study uses Simple Random Sampling to 100 respondents. The result of the study shows that with a comprehensive map, along with professional planning and implementation, da’wah will provide solutions to various problems of Muslims. AbstrakKondisi dakwah dengan berbagai permasalahan dan solusinya perlu dipetakan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis berdasarkan penelitian. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk membuat peta dakwah di Kecamatan Sawangan Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan fakta dakwah di Kecamatan Sawangan Depok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang pengambilan datanya menggunakan wawancara. Jumlah responden yang diwawancara adalah 100 pendakwah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan peta yang lengkap, disertai perencanaan dan pelaksanaan yang profesional, dakwah akan memberikan solusi bagi berbagai permasalahan umat Islam.
PENGARUH LITERASI SAINS DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DASAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Juhji Juhji , Mansur Mansur 
Published: December 2020

THE EFFECT OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS ON MASTERING BASIC BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AbstractThe efforts to develop scientific literacy and critical thinking skills are indispensable in addressing technological advances in the 4.0 era, even though the effort is still low. This research aims to determine the effect of scientific literacy on mastering basic concepts of biology, determine the effect of critical thinking skills on mastering basic concepts of biology, and determine the effect of scientific literacy and critical thinking skills together on mastering basic concepts of biology. The ex post facto method was used as a research method with a sample number of 182 students in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education of UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. Multiple regression techniques are used as data analysis. The results showed a significant effect between scientific literacy on mastering basic concepts of biology, critical thinking skills on mastering basic concepts of biology, as well as scientific literacy and critical thinking skills together on mastering basic concepts of biology. AbstrakUpaya pengembangan literasi sains dan keterampilan berpikir kritis sangat diperlukan dalam menyongsong kemajuan teknologi di era 4.0 meskipun upaya tersebut masih rendah. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi sains terhadap penguasaan konsep dasar biologi, mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap penguasaan konsep dasar biologi, dan mengetahui pengaruh literasi sains dan keterampilan berpikir kritis secara bersama-sama terhadap penguasaan konsep dasar biologi. Metode ex post facto dijadikan sebagai metode penelitian dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 182 mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. Analisa data menggunakan teknik regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara literasi sains dengan penguasaan konsep dasar biologi, keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan penguasaan konsep dasar biologi, serta literasi sains dan keterampilan berpikir kritis secara bersama-sama dengan penguasaan konsep dasar biologi.
PANDANGAN GURU FISIKA TERHADAP PENERAPAN BUDAYA JAWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Kartika Endah , Jumadi Jumadi , Hidayatullah Zul 
Published: December 2020

TEACHER’S VIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JAVANESE CULTURE IN PHYSICS LEARNINGAbstractThis research is qualitative research to discover the views of physics teachers on the application of Javanese culture in learning physics. Ten respondents were selected using purposive sampling, namely physics teachers who have taught more than one year, assuming that they have enough experience in teaching physics in the classroom. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques with the help of interview guides. The results showed that most respondents felt interested in implementing Javanese culture in learning physics. Culture in the form of works and activities (rituals) can be used to explain some physical concepts such as sound waves, force, effort and energy, light, the equilibrium of rigid bodies, and rotational dynamics. The data obtained show that the type of culture in the form of values is considered more effective to strengthen positive character if implemented in the physics learning process. AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan guru fisika terhadap penerapan budaya Jawa dalam pembelajaran fisika. Responden sebanyak 10 orang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling, yakni guru fisika yang telah mengajar lebih dari 1 tahun dengan asumsi telah memiliki pengalaman yang cukup dalam mengajar fisika di kelas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan bantuan berupa panduan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden merasa tertarik untuk menerapkan budaya Jawa dalam pembelajaran fisika. Budaya dalam bentuk karya dan aktivitas (ritual) dapat digunakan untuk menerangkan beberapa konsep fisika seperti gelombang bunyi, gaya, usaha dan energi, cahaya, kesetimbangan benda tegar dan dinamika rotasi. Selain itu, diperoleh data bahwa jenis budaya dalam bentuk nilai-nilai dianggap lebih efektif untuk menguatkan karakter positif apabila diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika.