bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of selenium from thorium, uranium, radium, actinium and potassium impurities for low background measurements
Authors: Rakhimov A. V. , Warot G. , Karaivanov D. V. , Kochetov O. I. , Lebedev N.A. , Mukhamedshina N. M. , Sadikov I. I. , Filosofov D. V. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
A technique of selenium purification from 232Th, 238U, 226,228Ra, 227Ac and 40K was developed. This technique is simple to perform and employs a minimum number of highly pure reagents (bidistilled water, nitric acid). Operations carried out during purification (elution, evaporation) practically exclude losses of the target product (chemical yields of Se > 99%). A test purification of 100 g of selenium was carried out using this technique. The efficiency of this technique was confirmed by low background gamma spectrometry of the purified selenium sample. Distribution coefficients of Th, U, Ra and Ac on DOWEX 50W-×8 cation-exchange resin at different concentrations of selenium and nitric acid were experimentally determinated. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of bidistilled water, deionized water and nitric acid was performed.
Synthesis of I-131 labelled iodine species relevant during severe nuclear accidents in light water reactors
Authors: Tietze S. , Foreman M. R. St. J. , Ekberg C. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Methods for the small scale synthesis of I-131 labelled iodine species relevant to severe nuclear accidents in light water reactors have been developed. The introduced methods allow the synthesis of impurity free, volatile, inorganic elemental iodine and volatile, organic iodides such as methyl- and ethyl iodide, as well as butyl iodide, chloroiodomethane, allyl iodide and benzyl iodide with ease. The radioactive iodine containing products are sufficiently stable to allow their storage for later use. Due to their volatility the liquid species can be easily converted into gaseous species and thus can be used in research in liquid and gaseous phase.
The primary motivation for the development of these synthesis methods is to study the behaviour of volatile iodine species under the conditions of a severe nuclear accident in a light water reactor. Thus, the chemicals involved in the synthesis are chosen in a way to not generate impurities (chlorine and organic solvents) in the products which interfere with competing reactions relevant during a severe nuclear accident. Teknopox Aqua VA epoxy paint, which is used in Swedish light water reactor containments, and its reactions with the produced iodine species are described. The synthesised iodine species undergo chemisorption on paint films. Different to elemental iodine, the organic iodides are non-reactive with copper surfaces. The sorbed iodine species are partly re-released mainly in form of organic iodides and not as elemental iodine when the exposed paint films are heat treated. The partitioning and hydrolysis behaviour of gaseous methyl- and ethyl iodide between containment gas phase and water pools is found to be similar.
The methods have been designed to minimise the use of harmful materials and the production of radioactive waste.
Effect of temperature on the solubility and solid phase stability of zirconium hydroxide
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Bach D. , Altmaier M. , Sasaki T. , Moriyama H. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
The solubility and solid phase stability of zirconium hydroxide was investigated in the acidic pH range after heating the aqueous samples at 50, 70 and 90 ◦C. The solubility measured at room temperature after exposing the batch samples to elevated temperatures for a given period of time significantly decreased with increasing heating periods. The Zr concentrations at given pH after heating at 90 ◦C for 3 weeks are about 5 orders of magnitude lower than the solubility of amorphous zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4(am)) kept at room temperature. Size distributions of the Zr colloidal species after heating were investigated by sequential filtration using different pore-sized membranes, and the contribution of the colloidal species to the solubility was assessed. The TEM images and XRD spectra of the solid phases after heating indicated the agglomeration and crystallization of the initial amorphous hydroxide solid phase. The solid phase was identified as crystalline oxide after heating at 90◦C. The solubility product determined from the solubility data excluding contributions of colloidal species is correlated to the particle size of the solid phase.
Function of the SNARE Ykt6 on autophagosomes requires the Dsl1 complex and the Atg1 kinase complex
Authors: Gao Jieqiong , Kurre Rainer , Rose Jaqueline , Walter Stefan , Fröhlich Florian , Piehler Jacob , Reggiori Fulvio , Ungermann Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mechanism and regulation of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes/vacuoles are still only partially understood in both yeast and mammals. In yeast, this fusion step requires SNARE proteins, the homotypic vacuole fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, the RAB7 GTPase Ypt7, and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1‐Ccz1. We and others recently identified Ykt6 as the autophagosomal SNARE protein. However, it has not been resolved when and how lipid‐anchored Ykt6 is recruited onto autophagosomes. Here, we show that Ykt6 is recruited at an early stage of the formation of these carriers through a mechanism that depends on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident Dsl1 complex and COPII‐coated vesicles. Importantly, Ykt6 activity on autophagosomes is regulated by the Atg1 kinase complex, which inhibits Ykt6 through direct phosphorylation. Thus, our findings indicate that the Ykt6 pool on autophagosomal membranes is kept inactive by Atg1 phosphorylation, and once an autophagosome is ready to fuse with vacuole, Ykt6 dephosphorylation allows its engagement in the fusion event.
Corpus-Based Research in Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Safriyani Rizka 
Published: October 2020

n the university, corpus-based research is commonly done for writing a thesis. However, corpus-based research can also be introduced for the first year of EFL students to build their critical thinking and vocabulary mastery. Less research discusses the practice of corpus-based research for the first year EFL student. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the benefit and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. This study aims to examine the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. Students did corpus-based research in English for the Islamic Studies course. Students tried to structure an English glossary from online Islamic articles, Islamic journals, and Islamic blogs. Forty-four students were chosen as the subject of the research. The survey was done to the students to gather the data about the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research. The results showed that corpus-based research benefits increase vocabulary, increase students' understanding of research, improve students' accuracy in writing, develop critical thinking, and develop collaboration. Students faced several challenges in implementing corpus-based research. The finding shows students have difficulties in understanding new vocabulary. Besides, they have problems classifying data into specific topics, allocating time, and writing their reports.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ РОССИИ
Authors: Ostrovskaya N. V. , Barykin S. E. , Burova A. Yu. 
Published: October 2020

Проектный менеджмент в государственном управлении является наиболее эффективной формой взаимодействия органов власти с населением. Необходимо создать предпосылки для формирования процесса самосовершенствования системы управления в субъектах РФ, способствующего поддержанию позитивного имиджа региона и страны в целом. Цифровизация выступает отличным механизмом внедрения проектного менеджмента в управление регионом на базе трансформации системы государственного управления, ориентирами которого становятся минимальный государственный аппарат, высокая скорость принятия решений, отсутствие посредников между человеком и его данными, что позволяет индивидуализировать решения жизненных ситуаций граждан в системе «государство как платформа», которая постулируется в концепции Центра стратегических разработок начиная с 2017 года. Проектный менеджмент конкретизирует метафору «государство как платформа» в процессе цифровой трансформации оказания государственных услуг, контрольно-надзорной деятельности и принятия управленческих решений.
A Shallow Shock: The 25 February 2019 ML 4.9 Earthquake in the Weiyuan Shale Gas Field in Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Hongfeng , Zhou Pengcheng , Fang Nan , Zhu Gaohua , Xu Wenbin , Su Jinrong , Meng Fanbao , Chu Risheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarthquakes rarely occur at extremely shallow depths, for example, less than 2 km. Even for induced earthquakes that are typically shallower than tectonic events, only very small ones have been reported in such depths. The ML 4.9 earthquake (Mw 4.3) that struck the Rongxian County, Sichuan, China on 25 February 2019 was an extremely shallow event. Seismological and geodetic data constrained the mainshock depth at ∼1  km with a thrust-faulting mechanism, consistent with the Molin fault orienting northwest. Two foreshocks with magnitudes larger than 4 occurred on an unmapped fault striking northeast, right next to an injection well where hydraulic fracturing (HF) was conducted. The focal depths of the two foreshocks were at ∼2.7  km, coinciding with the depth of HF. Coulomb failure stresses of the two foreshocks on the Molin fault was ∼3  kPa, smaller than typical static triggering threshold (10 kPa), and thus their triggering effects were mild. As the fault was hydraulically sealed from HF, we suggested that the ML 4.9 earthquake was possibly triggered by nearby HF activities through poroelastic stress transfer. Such findings held significant implications for shale gas development by considering seismic hazard associated with shallow faults.
Előtagos és előtag nélküli vonatkozó névmások versengése a középmagyar kor első félévszázadában
Authors: Dömötör Adrienne 
Published: October 2020

Az ómagyar kortól napjainkig tartó folyamat az előtagos és előtag nélküli relatív névmások versengése. Az innovatív változat egy demonstratív névmás és egy relatív névmás sorozatának újraelemzésével jött létre. A mai magyar relatív névmások kialakulásában egymást követő grammatizálódási folyamatokat figyelhetünk meg. Az előtagos változat a késő ómagyar óta dokumentálható. Az előtagú formák terjedése a középmagyar kor első évtizedeiben lendül fel. A cikk azt a kérdést vizsgálja, hogy melyik regiszternek volt a vezető szerepe ebben a fejlesztésben. A beszélt élőnyelvhez közeli nyelvhasználatnak volt-e a nyelvi változások elindításának elsődleges terepe? Vagy a könyvnyomtatás által formált írott nyelv lehetővé tette az innováció könnyebb fejlődését? Körülbelül 4000 adatpontból álló mintán vizsgáltam a ki ~ a(z)ki, mi ~ a(z)mi és a mely ~ a(z)mely párok viselkedését. Az eredményeket százalékos eloszlást ábrázoló diagramok segítségével mutatom be. Az eltérések nagyságára vonatkozó állítások jelentőségét is teszteltem. Emellett kitérek a nyelvi változás terjedésének általános kérdéseire is. A dolgozat fő eredménye, hogy a három névmáspárból kettő esetében a könyvnyelv elsőbbséget élvez a beszélt nyelvvel szemben. A bibliafordítások idiómája azonban mindkét regiszterrel szemben az első helyet foglalja el. Így tehát elmondható, hogy a kifinomultabb nyelvhasználat és a csiszolt stílus nyitottabbnak tűnik az innovációra a vizsgált jelenség tekintetében.
A INDÚSTRIA 4.0: FUNDAMENTOS E PRINCIPAIS IMPACTOS NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: PASSOS LUIS HENRIQUE SANTOS 
Published: October 2020

As transformações tecnológicas por qual atravessa a humanidade têm contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias cada vez mais rápidas e eficientes. A indústria 4.0 é um exemplo desta mudança de paradigma dos novos modelos de negócios, integrando ferramentas sofisticadas, idealizada a partir da incorporação do processo de digitalização às atividades desenvolvidas na indústria. Este estudo tem objetivo reconhecer os principais impactos da indústria 4.0 na economia brasileira, a partir de estudos de revisão de literatura constantes em sites de pesquisas especializadas: Google Acadêmico, SciELO e de periódicos de universidades. O estudo concluiu que os impactos produzidos pela indústria 4.0 no Brasil terão efeitos na redução dos custos industriais, nos ganhos com eficiência produtiva, na redução dos custos de manutenção de máquinas e, na economia de energia.
Differences in Clinical Management and Outcomes of American Indian and White Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis
Authors: Spagnolia Alessandra , Beal James R , Sahmoun Abe E 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease that can be disabling. There is a scarcity of research on the clinical management and outcomes of endometriosis in American Indian (AI) women. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are discrepancies between AI and White women in symptoms at presentation, initial diagnosis methods, clinical management, and long-term outcomes of endometriosis, in a rural state.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study described and compared the clinical management and long-term outcomes of AI and White women diagnosed with endometriosis. All statistical tests were two-tailed with p-value < .05 considered to be significant.
Results: 110 women diagnosed with endometriosis were included in the study, with 50% (n = 55) AI and 50% (n = 55) White. White women were more likely to have private insurance (80% vs. 42%; p < 0.001). AI women were more likely than White women to report abdominal pain at diagnosis (20.3% vs. 9%; p = 0.010), and be diagnosed with mild endometriosis symptoms at the initial visit, (44.4% vs. 10%; p = 0.051). White women were more likely to report a reduction or cessation of pain compared to AI women (63.3% vs. 34%; p = 0.004).
Conclusion: We found the majority of women continue to report pain long after endometriosis diagnosis. AI women were less likely to report a reduction or cessation of pain. Future research should investigate why pain is more persistent in AI women.
Health Culture and Presenting a Paradigmatic Model Focusing on Human Papillomavirus Disease
Authors: Soltanizadeh Narges , Ameri Shahrabi Mohsen , Masjedi Mohammad Reza , Ainy Elaheh , Kavousy Esmaeel , Hashemi Seyyed Mahmoud 
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this study, we developed a paradigmatic model focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) diseases, in order to formulate a theory by investigating pathology in health culture using Grounded Theory, as an inductive and exploratory research method.
Materials and methods: It was a qualitative study, and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 people (10 men and 10 women) with cultural and religious specialties (clergy). In total, twenty interviews were conducted (mean duration = 45 min) using a semi-structured guide consisting of open-ended questions. All recordings were transcribed verbatim in Persian. All items were extracted based on the participants' responses and related literature. After data collection, the basic theory analysis was performed in terms of the three steps as follows: free coding, axial encryption, the implementation, refinement, and writing the theories in line with selective coding theoretical models. Finally, the paradigm model was determined from the presented models.
Results: The paradigm model emerged from professors, clergy, and authorized people, showed that religious taboos about sexually transmitted diseases; lack of wise management, comprehensive supervision, compliance with health standards in the country, proper legislation regarding sexually transmitted diseases as causal factors, awareness, health education in the country, public demand for health, individual dignity, punishment for health detractors, familiarity with individual rights as intervening factors, concern for human lives, health, and belief in fatalism; ethnic differences; irresponsibility; risk perception; high cost of HPV vaccine; immorality in health speech; disregard for people's lives; gender differences as contextual factors; and the consequences is increasing burden of diseases due to sexually transmitted disease such as (HPV).
Conclusion: It seems the overall lack of a health-based approach could be a major concern due to the weakness of cultural management in society that requires the involvement and intervention of all policymakers, health planners, authorized people, professors, elites, and clerics to control this major cultural health problem.
Pengaruh Jumlah Saham Beredar, Harga Saham dan Presentase Saham Publik Terhadap Likuiditas Saham Perusahaan Yang Listing di JII Periode 2013
Authors: Erlinawati Ira , Mawardi Imron 
Published: October 2020

The increase on market capitalization, number of traded shares, frequency of stocks trading and stocks price index influence the stock liquidity. Stocks which have a high market capitalization and that index prices always increase reflected in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). It is because the majority shares on JII are member of LQ45 which have a big market capitalization and good track record. Therefore interesting to do research to see the effect of the number of shares, the stock price and the percentage of public stock to the stock liquidity of listed companies on JII. The approach used in this research is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The independent variables are the number of shares, the stock price and the percentage of public stock, and the dependent variable is stock liquidity. The samples are 30 listed companies on JII of period 3 June to 29 November 2013. Simultaneously, the number of shares, the price stock and the percentage of public stock have significant effect on stock liquidity. Partially, only the price stock and the percentage of public stock that affect on stock liquidity.
Improving Horizontal Well MPD by using a Dual-Channel Drillstring
Authors: Breivik Dag Helge , Rørvik Helge , Vestavik Ola Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Wisting Field is located offshore in the Barents Sea north of Norway. The field development requires drilling and completion of horizontal wells in a narrow pressure window, which is challenging for conventional technology. The Reelwell Drilling Method (RDM) provides a solution for managed pressure drilling (MPD) to mitigate these challenges. Based on the use of dual-channel drillpipe, RDM enables the pressure gradient in the openhole section to be held constant and nearly independent of the drilling fluid flow rate. RDM provides low-energy drilling, i.e., efficient drilling and hole cleaning when using low flow and low-drillstring rotation speed. This allows drilling of horizontal sections within a small pressure window and limits drillstring fatigue in high-dogleg applications.
In order to start qualification of RDM for the Wisting Field, a horizontal trial well was drilled in fall 2018 at the Ullrigg Drilling and Well Test Centre, located at the NORCE Norwegian Research Centre in Stavanger, Norway. The goal for this trial well was to prove the dual-channel drillpipe capability to perform low-energy drilling, i.e., low-rotary speed, low flow, and stable downhole pressure gradient. The trial well had a challenging geometry with up to 14°/30-m build rate, as required for the field. The 9½-in. horizontal section was drilled in order to check the performance of the RDM and start the qualification of the RDM for the Wisting Field.
The trial well was drilled with a low-flow motor, i.e., with flow rates around 700 lpm. The string rotation speed was held lower than 5 rpm to limit drillstring fatigue in the high-dogleg section of the well. Efficient drilling and hole cleaning of the 9½-in. horizontal hole section was demonstrated. The results from the trial confirm the predicted performance for the RDM. The results indicate that RDM can keep well pressure gradient within the required window and mitigate the drilling challenges for the Wisting Field. The RDM architecture with return flow in the inner string represents a major advantage to avoid cuttings build up in the well, challenges with laminar return flow, formation wash-outs, mechanical down hole dynamics and ECD control by low energy drilling.
Innovative MPD Well Kill/Balance Technique
Authors: Nabiyev Akram , Parker Martyn , Okeke Ernest , Walk Tyler 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Austin Chalk is an upper Cretaceous geologic formation in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. For the purpose of this paper, this Austin chalk under consideration is in central Texas. The formation is known for having a wide range in pressure differential, making it difficult to predict the fracture and pore pressure limits on some of the wells. Due to this uncertainty, some operators tend to assume the well problems are related to ballooning/breathing. This assumption leads to drilling issues such as but not limited to stuck pipe, excessive mud losses, and tripping challenges.
With reference to this SPE paper, An operator had encountered some of the mentioned issues above in their previous wells and was looking for a CBHP MPD solution, capable of bridging their internal knowledge gap to becoming MPD aware. MPD was rigged up prior to drilling the horizontal production hole at ±13,000 ft MD. The initial mud weight was 10.5 ppg with MPD maintaining an 11.4 ppge. Later a high-pressure zone was encountered at ±13,500 ft MD requiring 11.6 ppge to control the formation fluid. Drilling continued until ±16,000 ft MD where an 11.5 ppge loss zone was encountered. Therefore this well had no drilling window.
The window stabilized after circulating a few bottoms up with backpressure and lost circulation material. MPD minimized mud losses/gains and helped reach TD safely. At TD, a bigger challenge was how to trip out without swabbing. The Tripping was achieved by placing a heavy pill above the high-pressure gas zone and avoiding the loss zone. When tripping pipe and casing, proper fill was achieved by circulating kill weight mud across the well with MPD. The casing and cementing operation was subsequently conducted and was successfully completed with the utilization of MPD.