bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of colostomy takedown following Hartmann's procedure: successful restoration of continuity comes with a high risk of morbidity
Authors: Mirza Kasim L. , Wickham Carey J. , Noren Erik R. , Hwang Grace S. , Ault Glenn T. , Ortega Adrian E. , Jafari Mehraneh D. , Cologne Kyle G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimRestoration of bowel continuity following a Hartmann's procedure is a major surgical undertaking associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to review the authors' experience with Hartmann's reversal.MethodThis was a retrospective review of consecutive patients from institutional databases who were selected to undergo open or laparoscopic Hartmann's reversal at two tertiary academic referral centres and a public safety net hospital (2010–2019). The main outcome measure was the rate of successful stoma reversal. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day postoperative outcomes and procedural details.ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients underwent attempted reversal during the study period, which was successful in all but three patients (98%). Patients were 59% Hispanic and 73% male, with a mean age of 48.7 ± 14.1 years, mean American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of 2.2 ± 0.6 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2, with 39% of patients having a BMI > 30 kg/m2. The mean time interval between the index procedure and reversal was 14.4 months, 53% of the index cases were performed at outside institutions and the most common index diagnoses were diverticulitis (54%), abdominal trauma (16%) and colorectal malignancy (15%). In 22% of cases a laparoscopic approach was used, with 42% of these requiring conversion to open. Proximal diverting stomas were created in 32 patients (21%), of which 94% were reversed. The overall morbidity rate was 54%, comprising ileus (32%), wound infection (15%) and anastomotic leak (6%), with a major morbidity rate (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) of 23%.ConclusionHartmann's reversal remains a highly morbid procedure. Our results suggest that operative candidates can be successfully reversed, but there is significant morbidity associated with restoration of intestinal continuity, particularly in obese patients. A laparoscopic approach may decrease morbidity in selected patients but such cases have a high conversion rate.
Fabric dyeing with colorimetric pH‐responsive colours
Authors: Peila Roberta , Varesano Alessio , Vineis Claudia , Bobba Vittorio , Bobba Jacopo , Piriou Anne , Barazzotto Michele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the possibility of dyeing textile fabrics with halochromic dyes. Five different halochromic dyes were tested: bromocresol purple, m‐cresol purple, chlorophenol red, curcumin and bromothymol blue. Preliminary dyeing was carried out on wool, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide 6.6, cotton and cellulose acetate at 100°C for 40 minutes to evaluate affinity. All the dyes showed good affinity to wool and polyamide 6.6. Cotton required a mordant phase before dyeing. Washing and light fastness were evaluated for the dyed fabrics, as well as colour changes at different pH values. Some fibres displayed good dye fastness and halochromic properties. Bromothymol blue was selected to dye polyamide 6.6 and cotton fabrics. The dyed fabrics displayed good halochromic properties across a pH range of 4 to 10. Cotton fabrics exhibited an immediate colour change; polyamide 6.6 changed colour after several minutes. An industrial dyeing process was performed on natural cellulosic fibres. The results confirmed the possibility of scaling up the process with regard to textile applications of halochromic dyes.
Contingency management for tobacco smoking during opioid addiction treatment: Implementation challenges
Authors: Ainscough Tom S. , Brose Leonie S. , Strang John , McNeill Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTobacco smoking prevalence in opioid addiction patients is approximately six times that of the general population, highlighting the need for novel interventions. A pilot/feasibility study was conducted to investigate whether a contingency management (CM) intervention could be added to UK standard smoking cessation treatment. The aim of this report is to describe the challenges experienced during the implementation of this CM intervention.Design and MethodsA two‐armed, randomised, pilot/feasibility study of a 5‐week escalating with reset CM intervention, conducted as an adjunct to smoking cessation treatment in an outpatient drug and alcohol treatment centre.ResultsForty participants were recruited, but only 19 attended the baseline session. Ten participants attended all treatment sessions (25% retention), with only one contactable at 6‐month follow‐up. While smoking cessation clinic engagement was higher than previously, implementation issues included limited operating hours of the smoking treatment clinic, ineffective biochemical verification of abstinence and overly restrictive inclusion criteria.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study highlighted not only the difficulty of integrating CM interventions into standard smoking cessation treatment for this population, but also the potential of CM to engage this group with smoking cessation treatment. Future research in this area should consider increasing the availability and flexibility of smoking cessation treatment, and relaxing inclusion criteria to be more reflective of the opioid‐treatment‐seeking population.This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03015597, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03015597).
Host diversity outperforms climate as a global driver of symbiont diversity in the bird‐feather mite system
Authors: Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Hernandes Fabio A. , Vancine Maurício H. , Naka Luciano N. , Doña Jorge , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe simultaneous influence of abiotic and biotic factors as main drivers of global species distributions remains poorly understood, especially in host‐dependent groups. In this study, we diverge from traditional macroecological approaches by considering both biotic (avian species diversity) and abiotic (climatic) factors in determining the global distribution pattern of feather mite species richness, one of the most abundant and diverse bird ectosymbionts.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used a global dataset of feather mite–bird interactions published in 2016, complemented with an up‐to‐date literature survey. We created statistical models designed to explain the effect of abiotic (i.e., temperature, precipitation and energy‐related variables) and biotic factors (bird species richness) on the species richness of feather mites. We used these models to predict global distribution patterns of mites and estimate each explanatory variable's relative importance in temperate and tropical regions.ResultsAccording to our models, bird species richness accounts for ~63% of the global distribution pattern of mites, which is ten times more relevant than climatic variables. Among abiotic drivers, precipitation intensity and seasonality were the most important variables, accounting for 10% of mite species richness. This figure is lower in tropical regions, where biotic factors are seven times more important than in temperate regions.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate that global mite diversity was primarily determined by biotic and, to a lesser extent, abiotic factors. The relative importance of the predictive variables, however, varied between tropical and temperate regions. The strong association between bird species richness and feather mite species diversity at a global scale raises concerns about the potential for future co‐extinctions.
In a cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes using the drug sulfasalazine, HbA1c lowering is associated with haematological changes
Authors: N’Dow Samira M. S. , Donnelly Louise A. , Pearson Ewan R. , Rena Graham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesSeveral small studies indicate the sulphonamide component of the drug sulfasalazine lowers HbA1c. We investigated reduction of HbA1c following incident prescription of sulfasalazine and related aminosalicylates, lacking the sulphonamide group, in an observational cohort.Research Design and MethodsIndividuals in the Scottish Care Information Diabetes Collaboration (SCI‐Diabetes) with type 2 diabetes and incident prescription for an aminosalicylate drug (sulfasalazine, mesalazine, olsalazine or balsalazide) were identified. Baseline and 6‐month HbA1c were required for eligibility, to calculate HbA1c response. To investigate association with haemolysis, change in components of full blood count was assessed. Paired t‐tests compared difference in baseline and treatment HbA1c measures and other clinical variables.ResultsIn all, 113 individuals treated with sulfasalazine and 103 with mesalazine (lacking the sulphonamide group) were eligible, with no eligible individuals treated with olsalazine or balsalazide. Baseline characteristics were similar. Mean (SD) HbA1c reduction at 6 months was −9 ± 16 mmol/mol (−0.9 ± 1.4%) (p < 0.0001) in those taking sulfasalazine with no reduction in those taking mesalazine (2 ± 16 mmol/mol (0.2 ± 1.4%). Sulfasalazine but not mesalazine was associated with a mean (SD) increase in mean cell volume of 3.7 ± 5.6 fl (p < 0.0001) and decrease in red cell count of −0.2 ± 0.4 × 10−12/L (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this observational, population‐based study, sulfasalazine initiation was associated with a 6‐month reduction in HbA1c. This correlated with haematological changes suggesting haemolytic effects of sulfasalazine. Haemolysis is proposed to contribute to HbA1c lowering through the sulphonamide pharmacophore. This suggests that HbA1c is not a reliable measure of glycaemia in individuals prescribed sulfasalazine.
Plasma adipokines and glycaemic progression among African Americans: Findings from the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D. , Musani Solomon K. , Bidulescu Aurelian , Joseph Joshua J. , Correa Adolfo , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Bertoni Alain G. , Ahima Rexford S. , Golden Sherita H. , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between plasma biomarkers including leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin‐to‐leptin ratio and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) with risk of glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia (pre‐diabetes or diabetes) in a community‐based sample of African American (AAs).MethodsWe analysed data from 3223 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline (2000–2004) who attended ≥1 follow‐up visit. Poisson regression was used to generate risk ratios (RRs) for glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia.ResultsOver a median of 7 years, 46.4% developed glycaemic progression (n=1495). After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables, the RRs (95% CI) for glycaemic progression comparing highest (Q4) to lowest (Q1) quartiles were 1.30 (1.10–1.54), 0.74 (0.65–0.84), 0.70 (0.62–0.80) and 1.22 (1.07–1.38) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin–leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively. Upon additional adjustment for BMI, the corresponding RRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (0.94–1.42), 0.76 (0.67–0.86), 0.72 (0.62–0.84) and 1.14 (0.99–1.31) respectively. Among participants with normal glycaemia, the RRs (95% CIs) for incident pre‐diabetes in Q4 vs Q1 were 1.37 (1.13–1.67), 0.73 (0.63–0.85), 0.70 (0.59–0.82) and 1.28 (1.10–1.48) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin–leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively; equivalent RRs for incident diabetes were 5.15 (2.63–10.10), 0.36 (0.20–0.68), 0.21 (0.12–0.38) and 3.04 (1.70–5.44), respectively.ConclusionsIn this large community‐based cohort of AAs, our results suggest that high plasma leptin and hsCRP, as well as low adiponectin and adiponectin‐to‐leptin ratio, are associated with higher risks of glycaemic progression. The findings point to the potential utility of these biomarkers in predicting and preventing glycaemic progression in this high‐risk population.
Functional spatial distribution and sociometric characteristics of Formica fusca ants during winter dormancy
Authors: Włodarczyk Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

1. Ant colonies passing through the period of winter dormancy are subject to the two conflicting selective pressures: (i) on escaping the coldest temperatures during the winter by hiding deep into the soil and (ii) on the reactivation after overwintering as soon as the weather conditions become favourable and the soil surface is warm enough.2. If selective pressures associated with overwintering are affected differently by the spatial variation in the climate conditions then different overwintering strategies can be expected to occur across geographical gradients.3. In this study, Formica fusca colonies were excavated in north‐eastern Poland to examine the spatial distribution of overwintering ants. It has been found that queens, accompanied by part of the workers, shelter themselves at a depth close to the colony's lower limit. However, workers were clustered at different depths along the soil profile, including a few centimetres from the soil surface.4. Natural selection might promote to allocate individuals who are less valuable to the colony to more risky tasks (e.g. those performed outside the nest). Thus, playing the role of a forager should be associated with the occupation of more risky positions during overwintering. However, no statistically significant difference has been found between workers overwintering in the upper and lower soil strata in their propensity to explore the experimental arena.5. The observed pattern of the spatial distribution of overwintering ants indicates the existence of a trade‐off between winter mortality, costs of physiological adaptations, and the time needed for a colony to reactivate in response to temperature increase.
Bayesian models of human navigation behaviour in an augmented reality audiomaze
Authors: Shikauchi Yumi , Miyakoshi Makoto , Makeig Scott , Iversen John R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated Bayesian modelling of human whole‐body motion capture data recorded during an exploratory real‐space navigation task in an “Audiomaze” environment (see the companion paper by Miyakoshi et al. in the same volume) to study the effect of map learning on navigation behaviour. There were three models, a feedback‐only model (no map learning), a map resetting model (single‐trial limited map learning), and a map updating model (map learning accumulated across three trials). The estimated behavioural variables included step sizes and turning angles. Results showed that the estimated step sizes were constantly more accurate using the map learning models than the feedback‐only model. The same effect was confirmed for turning angle estimates, but only for data from the third trial. We interpreted these results as Bayesian evidence of human map learning on navigation behaviour. Furthermore, separating the participants into groups of egocentric and allocentric navigators revealed an advantage for the map updating model in estimating step sizes, but only for the allocentric navigators. This interaction indicated that the allocentric navigators may take more advantage of map learning than do egocentric navigators. We discuss relationships of these results to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase Nedd4‐2 relieves mechanical allodynia through the ubiquitination of TRPA1 channel in db/db mice
Authors: Wang Shenglan , Qi Simin , Kogure Yoko , Kanda Hirosato , Tian Lin , Yamamoto Satoshi , Noguchi Koichi , Dai Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4‐2 (Nedd4‐2) is a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family that is highly expressed in sensory neurons and involved in pain modulation via downregulation of ion channels in excitable membranes. Ubiquitination involving Nedd4‐2 is regulated by adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is impaired in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of db/db mice. AMPK negatively regulates the expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a recognised pain sensor expressed on the membrane of DRG neurons, consequently relieving mechanical allodynia in db/db mice. Herein, we studied the involvement of Nedd4‐2 in painful diabetic neuropathy and observed that Nedd4‐2 negatively regulated diabetic mechanical allodynia. Nedd4‐2 was co‐expressed with TRPA1 in mouse DRG neurons. Nedd4‐2 was involved in TRPA1 ubiquitination, this ubiquitination, as well as Nedd4‐2–TRPA1 interaction, was decreased in db/db mice. Moreover, Nedd4‐2 levels were decreased in db/db mice, while an abnormal intracellular distribution was observed in short‐term high glucose‐cultured DRG neurons. AMPK activators not only restored Nedd4‐2 distribution but also increased Nedd4‐2 expression. These findings demonstrate that Nedd4‐2 is a potent regulator of TRPA1 and that the abnormal expression of Nedd4‐2 in DRG neurons contributes to diabetic neuropathic pain.
Evaluating Panelists’ Understanding of Standard Setting Data
Authors: Baron Patricia , Sireci Stephen G. , Slater Sharon C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the No Child Left Behind Act (No Child Left Behind [NCLB], 2001) was enacted, the Bookmark method has been used in many state standard setting studies (Karantonis and Sireci; Zieky, Perie, and Livingston). The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the criticism that when panelists are presented with data during the Bookmark standard setting process, these data are often misunderstood. We collected survey responses from eight panels of teachers who worked on an alternate assessment standard setting workshop. We found that although many panelists understood these data, others misunderstood them. For example, when panelists reviewed panel judgment statistics, some extrapolated beyond what these data represent. Our results include themes describing the types of misconceptions we observed, and the need for training and evaluation related to understanding and use of data used in standard setting. We share some suggestions for consideration when implementing the Bookmark method.
Relationship between neural responses to stress and mental health symptoms in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Balachandran Neha , Goodman Adam M. , Allendorfer Jane B. , Martin Amber N. , Tocco Krista , Vogel Valerie , LaFrance W. Curt , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo utilize traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a model for investigating functioning during acute stress experiences in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and to identify neural mechanisms underlying the link between changes in processing of stressful experiences and mental health symptoms in PNES.MethodsWe recruited 94 participants: 50 with TBI only (TBI‐only) and 44 with TBI and PNES (TBI + PNES). Participants completed mood (Beck Depression Inventory‐II), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom (PTSD Checklist‐Specific Event) assessments before undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging during an acute psychosocial stress task. Linear mixed‐effects analyses identified clusters of significant interactions between group and neural responses to stressful math performance and stressful auditory feedback conditions within limbic brain regions (volume‐corrected α = .05). Spearman rank correlation tests compared mean cluster signals to symptom assessments (false discovery rate–corrected α = .05).ResultsDemographic and TBI‐related measures were similar between groups; TBI + PNES demonstrated worse clinical symptom severity compared to TBI‐only. Stressful math performance induced relatively greater reactivity within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right hippocampal regions and relatively reduced reactivity within left hippocampal and dorsolateral PFC regions for TBI + PNES compared to TBI‐only. Stressful auditory feedback induced relatively reduced reactivity within ventral PFC, cingulate, hippocampal, and amygdala regions for TBI + PNES compared to TBI‐only. Changes in responses to stressful math within hippocampal and dorsal PFC regions were correlated with increased mood, anxiety, and PTSD symptom severity.SignificanceCorticolimbic functions underlying processing of stressful experiences differ between patients with TBI + PNES and those with TBI‐only. Relationships between these neural responses and symptom assessments suggest potential pathophysiologic mechanisms in PNES.
Inter‐group conflict in a cooperatively breeding bird: New insights into “home field advantage”
Authors: Almstead Danielle K. , Savagian Amanda G. , Smith Maria G. , Riehl Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConflicts between groups of animals have individual‐level fitness consequences that can influence the evolution of social behaviour. In the cooperatively breeding greater ani (Crotophaga major), groups occasionally destroy the eggs of their neighbours, causing the attacked group to abandon their nest. Prior research suggested that such conflicts occur when two groups build nests in close proximity, and that established groups tend to evict newcomers. However, inter‐group conflict had never been directly observed. Here, we report the first photographic evidence of egg destruction by greater anis. Twelve artificial nests containing clay eggs were placed in the field with the intent of attracting nest predators. Camera footage revealed that although only two nests were discovered by heterospecific predators (white‐faced capuchins,Cebus capucinus), five nests were visited by resident anis, who in three cases damaged the clay eggs by grasping them with their bills and ejecting them from the nest cup. Nests were discovered between 2 and 96 hr after being placed in the field (mean = 34 hr) and were visited up to 18 times by up to 4 individuals simultaneously. The distance between artificial nests and the nearest known ani territory ranged from 0.13 to 0.28 km (mean = 0.2 km). Resident groups did not subsequently breed at the nest sites that they attacked, consistent with the hypothesis that the main benefit of inter‐group conflict is to reduce competition for local resources rather than to usurp nest sites. This accidental experiment reveals that greater anis closely monitor nesting activity near their territories, which may contribute to the strong “home field advantage” that resident groups hold over intruders.
The neglected season: Warmer autumns counteract harsher winters and promote population growth in Arctic reindeer
Authors: Loe Leif Egil , Liston Glen E. , Pigeon Gabriel , Barker Kristin , Horvitz Nir , Stien Audun , Forchhammer Mads , Getz Wayne Marcus , Irvine Robert Justin , Lee Aline , Movik Lars K. , Mysterud Atle , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , Reinking Adele K. , Ropstad Erik , Trondrud Liv Monica , Tveraa Torkild , Veiberg Vebjørn , Hansen Brage B. , Albon Steve D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArctic ungulates are experiencing the most rapid climate warming on Earth. While concerns have been raised that more frequent icing events may cause die‐offs, and earlier springs may generate a trophic mismatch in phenology, the effects of warming autumns have been largely neglected. We used 25 years of individual‐based data from a growing population of wild Svalbard reindeer, to test how warmer autumns enhance population growth. Delayed plant senescence had no effect, but a six‐week delay in snow‐onset (the observed data range) was estimated to increase late winter body mass by 10%. Because average late winter body mass explains 90% of the variation in population growth rates, such a delay in winter‐onset would enable a population growth of r = 0.20, sufficient to counteract all but the most extreme icing events. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the consequences of climate change for Arctic herbivores, highlighting the positive impact of warming autumns on population viability, offsetting the impacts of harsher winters. Thus, the future for Arctic herbivores facing climate change may be brighter than the prevailing view.