bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large mid-upper arm circumference is associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a community-based study
Authors: Shi Jie , Yang Zhen , Niu Yixin , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaoyong , Zhang Hongmei , Lin Ning , Gu Hongxia , Wen Jie , Ning Guang , Qin Li , Su Qing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a proxy for subcutaneous fat in the upper body and is a reliable screening measure for identifying individuals with abnormal local fat distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between MUAC and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly individuals.Methods: We measured the MUAC in a cross-sectional sample with a total of 9787 subjects aged 40 years and older. The measurement of MUAC is performed on the right arm using a non‐elastic tape held midway between the acromion and the olecranon processes in duplicate, with the arm hanging loosely at the side of the body. The MetS was defined according to the Joint Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention.Results: MUAC was positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.437, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.334, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.348, P<0.001), HOMA-IR (r=0.134, P< 0.001), triglycerides (r=0.138, P<0.001), SBP (r=0.124, P< 0.001), and DBP (r= 0.123, P<0.001), and inversely correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.147, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.176, P<0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Compared with the lowest quartile group, the odds ratios were substantially higher for MetS (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.51-2.09, P for trend<0.001) in the highest MUAC quartile group after adjustment for potential cofounder.Conclusion: Large mid-upper arm circumference is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
The Effect of Sleeping Position on Heart Rate Variability in Newborns
Authors: Fister Petja , Nolimal Manca , Lenasi Helena , Klemenc Matjaž 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background : Lower heart rate variability (HRV) in a newborn might represent a risk factor for unfavourable outcome, a longer recovery after illness, and a sudden infant death. Our aim was to determine whether the newborn’s sleeping position is associated with HRV. Methods : We performed a prospective clinical study in 46 hospitalized cardiorespiratory stable term newborns. During sleeping, we measured the parameters of HRV in four body positions (supine, supine with tilt, prone, prone with tilt). Results : The TP (total power spectral density) was significantly higher when lying supine in comparison to prone (p = 0,048) and to prone with tilt (p = 0,046). The HF (high frequency of power spectral density) in the supine position without tilt tended to be higher compared to prone without tilt (p > 0,05). The LF (low frequency power) was significantly higher when lying supine compared to prone, both without tilt (p = 0,018). TP and HF showed a positive correlation with gestational age (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively). Conclusions : In term newborns, sleeping position is associated with HRV. Higher TP and HF were found in the supine position, which might reflect better ANS stability. Gestational age positively correlated with TP and HF power, but only in supine position.
Private well stewardship within a rural, agricultural Latino community: a qualitative study
Authors: VanDerGeest Kori , Ko Linda K. , Karr Catherine , Torres Elizabeth , Drury Dennise , Austin Elena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Nitrate contamination in groundwater disproportionately impacts agricultural Latino communities, creating a significant hazard for Latinos that rely on private wells. Private well users must conduct water testing and other well stewardship behaviors to ensure their well water is safe to drink. This study sought to identify the key behavioral factors of private well water testing in rural, agricultural Latino communities.
Methods: We conducted four focus groups with private well users, two in Spanish and two in English. We recruited 37 participants from the Lower Yakima Valley, Washington State, a rural, agricultural community with a large Latino population and elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to capture factors impacting testing as guided by the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation (RANAS) model. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted by two coders to identify common themes.
Results: Themes emerged around the behavioral factors impacting well stewardship, including well testing, treatment, and maintenance, and were not specific to nitrate contamination. Private well users reported many of the same factors reported in other communities. Lack of actionable information, economic limitations, and lack of technical support were reported as factors that made well stewardship burdensome and encouraged bottled water use. Home repair experience among Spanish focus group participants and challenges around landlords and shared wells emerged as themes that have not been reported in the literature previously.
Conclusions
The burden of well stewardship in rural, agricultural Latino communities may suggest the need for interventions at the community, county, or state levels. As these solutions are being developed, well stewardship programs may want to prioritize providing actionable information and technical support to private well users. The role that landlords, shared well users, and home repair experience play in well stewardship represent important areas of exploration for researchers and public health practitioners.
Genome-wide Identification of the Class III POD Gene Family and their Expression Profiling in Grapevine (Vitisvinifera L)
Authors: Xiao Huilin , Wang Chaoping , Khan Nadeem , Chen Mengxia , Fu Weihong , Guan Le , Leng Xiangpeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The class III peroxidases (PODs) are involved in a broad range of physiological activities, such as the formation of lignin, cell wall components, defense against pathogenicity or herbivore, and abiotic stress tolerance. The POD family members have been well-studied and characterized by bioinformatics analysis in several plant species, but no previous genome-wide analysis has been carried out of this gene family in grapevine to date.
Results : We comprehensively identified 47 PODs in the grapevine genome and are further classified into 7 subgroups based on their phylogenetic analysis. Results of motif composition and gene structure organization analysis revealed that PODs in the same subgroup shared similar conjunction while the protein sequences were highly conserved. Intriguingly, the integrated analysis of chromosomal mapping and gene collinearity analysis proposed that both dispersed and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of PODs in grapevine. Also, the gene duplication analysis suggested that most of the genes (20) were dispersed followed by (15) tandem, (9) segmental or whole-genome duplication, and (3) proximal, respectively. The evolutionary analysis of PODs, such as Ka/Ks ratio of the 15 duplicated gene pairs were less than 1.00, indicated that most of the gene pairs exhibiting purifying selection and 7 pairs underwent positive selection with value greater than 1.00. The Gene Ontology Enrichment (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomics (KEGG) analysis, and cis-elements prediction also revealed the positive functions of PODs in plant growth and developmental activities, and response to stress stimuli. Further, based on the publically available RNA-sequence data, the expression patterns of PODs in tissue-specific response during several developmental stages revealed diverged expression patterns. Subsequently, 30 genes were selected for RT-PCR validation in response to (NaCl, drought, and ABA), which showed their critical role in grapevine.
Conclusions : In conclusion, we predict that these results will lead to novel insights regarding genetic improvement of grapevine.
The Role of Residents in Medical Students’ Neurology Education:Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Keser Zafer , Rodriguez Yvo A , Tremont Jennifer , Hsieh Peggy H , McCullough Louise D. , Sandrone Stefano , Stimming Erin F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Neurophobia, a well-described fear of neurology, affects medical students worldwide and may be one of the factors contributing to a shortage of neurologists in the United States. Residents spend a considerable amount of time with medical students; therefore, we sought to understand better the impact neurology residents have on medical students during their neurology clerkship and their subsequent interest in neurology. We aimed to identify and implement strategies to decrease neurophobia and increase the number of students pursuing neurology as a career.
Methods: Third-year medical students (n=234) of UTHealth’s McGovern Medical School rotating through their neurology core clerkship completed two surveys regarding their rotation experiences. Surveys were completed anonymously before and after the clerkship to measure their interest and confidence in neurology and the impact of their interactions with the neurology residents during the clerkship. In parallel, residents participated in a teaching workshop focused on small group teaching to improve their teaching effectiveness. Non-parametrical comparison and ordinal regression analyses were utilized for data analyses.
Results: Medical students reported a statistically significant increase in their confidence in managing neurological conditions and interest in pursuing a neurology residency after their clerkship. There was a significant association between the medical students’ overall rotation experience and the residents’ teaching effectiveness. The overall clerkship experience correlated with the medical students’ interest and confidence in neurology. There was a trend towards an increase in residents’ teaching effectiveness and students’ rotation experience after a resident teaching workshop. Additionally, of note, students who rotated on both and outpatient and inpatient sites during their clerkship reported an increased interest in neurology.
Conclusion: Our study supports that resident-led teaching efforts are important in improving medical students’ neurologic education and their interest in neurology . Our data also supports that the interest in neurology increased for medical students after their neurology clerkship. We examined future strategies to implement “near-peer” teaching activities to enhance the medical students' neurologic educational experience. These strategies could potentially mitigate neurophobia and ultimately lead to a much-needed increase in future neurologists.
Systematic review of therapeutic outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and their predictors in adults receiving integrated treatment of tuberculosis and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus in low and middle-income countries: a study protocol
Authors: Kadia Benjamin Momo , Aroke Desmond , Njefi Kevin Pene , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tianyi Frank-Leonel , Kadia Reine Suzanne , Dimala Christian Akem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Programs that integrated tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment aim to provide efficient treatment services and maximize successful treatment outcomes through the delivery of both TB and HIV treatment by one provider at the same time and location. However, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is more difficult to treat as compared to drug-sensitive TB, and in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the potential of programs integrating TB/HIV treatment to sustain favourable MDR-TB treatment outcomes is poorly elucidated. The objective of this review is to perform a systematic collection, critical appraisal and synthesis of existing evidence on therapeutic outcomes of MDR-TB and their predictors among adults receiving integrated treatment for TB/HIV in LMICs. Methods: A systematic review of evidence from published observational and interventional studies will be performed. The evidence will be obtained by searching Medline, Embase, and Global Health electronic databases with date limits being March 2004 and December 2019. Two investigators will independently screen the search output, review the eligible studies, and assess the quality of the eligible studies using appropriate quality assessment tools. Analysis and synthesis of data on TB treatment outcomes will be performed using random-effects meta-analysis on STATA-15 software. Data on predictors of TB treatment outcomes will be analysed using thematic analysis and synthesised using a descriptive approach and where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis will be performed to obtain pooled effect sizes. The confidence in cumulative quantitative and qualitative evidence will be assessed using the appropriate versions of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The final review will be reported following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, presented at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Discussion: This study is expected to highlight the quality of integrated TB/HIV treatment programs and their potential to uphold successful MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the review will indicate patient-related and healthcare-related factors that should be addressed to improve on survival of patients with MDR-TB/HIV co-infection in LMICs. Systematic review registration: This review has been submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)
An efficient method to reduce grain angle influence on NIR spectra for predicting extractives content from heartwood stem cores of Toona. sinensis
Authors: Li Yanjie , Dong Xin , Sun Yang , Liu Jun , Jiang Jingmin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background A fast and reliable non-destructive method for qualifying the content of extracts content (EC) in heartwood of T. sinensis cores is needed in the breeding program for studying the genetically infect on EC. However, the affecting of grain angle on near infrared (NIR) spectra prediction model for EC is unclear. In this study, NIR spectra were collected both from cross section and radial section of wood core samples in order to predict the EC in heartwood. Results The effect of grain angle on calibration EC model was studied. Several different spectra pre-processing methods were tested for calibration. It was found that standard normal variation (SNV) followed by 1 st derivative yield the best calibration for EC. Grain angle has a significant influence on the predict model for EC when use the whole NIR spectra. However, after using the significant multivariate correlation (sMC) selection of the prior of wavenumbers for EC, the influence of grain angle have been significantly reduced. Conclusions It was suggested that NIR spectroscopy could be a promising methods to predict EC in solid wood without the infection of grain angle.
Active Play in ASP –A matched-pair cluster-randomized trial investigating the effectiveness of an intervention in After-school programs for supporting children’s physical activity
Authors: Riiser Kirsti , Richardsen Kåre Rønn , Haugen Anders Lund Hage , Lund Siv , Løndal Knut 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Interventions directed at after school programs (ASPs) have the potential to support physical activity (PA) in young children. Research has indicated that interventions that emphasize competence building among the ASP staff can lead to increased PA among the children. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the Active Play in ASP intervention—a program for ASP staff aimed at supporting physical activity among first graders in ASP.
Methods: We used a matched-pair cluster randomized design and included 456 first graders from 14 schools in Norway. From these, 7 ASPs received the intervention (N = 229), while 7 acted as controls (N = 227). Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately post intervention (7 month follow-up) and after a year (19 month follow-up). The primary outcome was moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which was estimated with predefined cut points of counts per minute (CPM) and expressed as minutes/hour. Secondary outcomes were vigorous and light intensity physical activity (VPA and LPA) and sedentary behavior. The analyses of intervention effects were based on between-group differences in outcome changes between the 3 measurement points and were conducted using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures using categorical time. In exploratory analyses, we investigated gender, baseline body mass index, and baseline CPM as potential effect modifiers.
Results: No significant intervention effects was observed on MVPA (0.55 min/hour [99% CI -0.55:1.64]) or on the secondary outcomes, min/hour of LPA, VPA or sedentary behavior. Exploratory analyses indicated that among the 50% least physically active children at baseline, children in intervention ASPs reduced sedentary time from baseline to 19 months follow up by 1.67 min/hour (95% CI -3.12:-0.21) compared to the controls.
Conclusions: Although the intervention did not significantly increase the mean MVPA among the children in the intervention ASPs compared to controls, it did seem to have a small effect by reducing sedentary behavior time among the least active children. An even stronger emphasis on how to identify less active children and support their activity may be needed in order to increase their PA and further reduce sedentary behavior time.
Diverting blame to stay sane - young people's strategies for dealing with the mental health effects of precarious employment: a Grounded Theory study
Authors: Toivanen Susanna , Tarantino Anna Olofsson , Emmelin Maria , Östergren Per-Olof 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Precarious employment is a risk factor for poor mental health, particularly among young adults. Knowledge about how young people maintain their mental health while in a precarious employment situation is scarce. The aim of the study was to explore the meaning of precarious employment for young adults in Sweden and their strategies for maintaining good mental health.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 individuals (9 men and 6 women) aged 20–39 years in a precarious employment situation. Contact persons at union offices and at specific job-coaching organizations collaborating with the Swedish public employment agency in the city of Malmö were gate openers to reach informants. Analysis was based on constructivist grounded theory, implying an emergent design where data collection and analysis go hand in hand.

Results

All informants had completed secondary school in Sweden, and one third had studied at the university level. A majority currently had jobs; however, they were mostly employed on an hourly basis and only a few had temporary full-time jobs. The analysis resulted in a core category “Diverting blame to stay sane,” which summarized an emergent coping process involving individual resources and resources represented by the individuals’ social capital. The developed theoretical model contained four main categories, “Facing reality,” ”Losing control,” “Adapting,” and “Fighting back,” related to the core category.

Conclusions

The results implied a process where the challenges created by loss of employment-based rights required a coping process where the individual’s social capital plays an important role. However, social capital is to a large extent determined by contextual factors, underlining the strong health equity aspect of precarious employment.
Polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase genes are associated with cervical cancer risk in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Chuanyin , Li Yaheng , Yan Zhiling , Dai Shuying , Liu Shuyuan , Wang Xia , Wang Jun , Zhang Xinwen , Shi Li , Yao Yufeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Antigen-processing machinery molecules play crucial roles in infectious diseases and cancers. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) genes can influence the enzymatic activity of ERAP proteins and are associated with the risk of diseases. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of ERAP gene (ERAP1 and ERAP2) polymorphisms on susceptibility to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer.
Methods: Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 and 5 SNPs in ERAP2 were selected and genotyped in 556 CIN patients, 1072 cervical cancer patients, and 1262 healthy control individuals. Candidate SNPs were genotyped using SNaPshot assay. And the association of these SNPs with CIN and cervical cancer was analysed.
Results: The results showed that allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs26653 in ERAP1 were significantly different between cervical cancer and control groups (P=0.001 and 0.004). The allelic frequencies of rs27044 in ERAP1 and rs2287988 in ERAP2 were significantly different between control and cervical cancer groups (P=0.003 and 0.004). Inheritance model analysis showed that genotypes of rs27044, rs26618, rs26653 and rs2287988 SNPs may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer (P=0.003, 0.004, 0.001 and 0.002). Additionally, haplotype analysis results showed that the ERAP1 haplotype, rs27044C-rs30187T-rs26618T-rs26653G-rs3734016C, was associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer (P=0.001). The ERAP2 haplotypes rs2549782G- rs2548538A-rs2248374A-rs2287988G-rs1056893T (P=0.009 and 0.006) and rs2549782T-rs2548538T-rs2248374G-rs2287988A-rs1056893T (P=0.003 and 0.009) might be associated with cervical cancer and the development from CIN to cervical cancer. Conclusion: Our results indicated that rs27044, rs26618 and rs26653 in ERAP1 and rs2287988 in ERAP2 influenced susceptibility to cervical cancer.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) to treat specialized type of endplate fractures around the Schmorl's node: a prospective study of 65 patients
Authors: Zhang Yaoshen , Yin Peng , Yang Jincai , Hai Yong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The Schmorl's nodes (SNs) is defined as the herniation of the intervertebral disc into the vertebral body. Endplate fractures around the schmorl's node could result in severe back pain that is similar to vertebral compression fractures. The objective of this study was to prospectively analyze the surgical effectiveness and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for endplate fractures around the SNs. Methods : Seventy-one consecutive patients with the fresh endplate fracture around SNs from October 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled in this study. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores of low back pain were evaluated in all patients preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after primary single level PVP . Surgery related data including duration of the operation, injected cement volumes and surgical complications were recorded. Results : Sixty-five patients with fresh endplate fractures around the SNs were treated successfully via percutaneous vertebroplasty. Our study showed that the VAS scores and ODI scores of patients were obviously improved after operation. Cement leakage into the disc space occurred in 5 patients (7.7%), and adjacent segment refractures occurred in 2 patients (3.1%). No other surgical complications, including infections or nerve root injuries were encountered. Conclusions : Based on the results of this prospective study, PVP was an effective and safe procedure for endplate fractures around the SNs.