bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of forest carbon and water coupling to thinning treatments from leaf to stand scales in a young montane pine forest
Authors: Wang Yi , del Campo Antonio D. , Wei Xiaohua , Winkler Rita , Liu Wanyi , Li Qiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWater-use efficiency (WUE) represents the coupling of forest carbon and water. Little is known about the responses of WUE to thinning at multiple spatial scales. The objective of this research was to use field measurements to understand short-term effects of two thinning treatments (T1: 4500 stems ha−1; and T2: 1100 stems ha−1) and the control (NT: 27,000 stems ha−1) on WUE at the three spatial scales (leaf level: the ratio of leaf photosynthesis to leaf transpiration; tree-level: tree growth to tree transpiration; and stand level: net primary production (NPP) to stand transpiration) and intrinsic WUEi (the ratio of leaf photosynthesis to stomatal conductance at leaf-level; and NPP to canopy conductance at stand-level) in a 16-year old natural lodgepole pine forest. Leaf-level measurements were conducted in 2017, while tree- and stand-level measurements were conducted in both 2016 (the normal precipitation year) and 2017 (the drought year).ResultsThe thinning treatments did not significantly affect the tree- and stand-level WUE in the normal year of 2016. However, the thinning significantly affected WUE in the drought year of 2017: T2 exhibited significantly higher tree-level WUE (0.49 mm2 kg−1) than NT (0.08 mm2 kg−1), and compared to NT, the stand-level WUE values in the thinned stands (T1 and T2) were significantly higher, with means of 0.31, 0.56 and 0.70 kg m−3, respectively. However, the leaf-level and stand-level WUEi in the thinned stands in the drought year were significantly lower than those in the unthinned stands. No significant differences in the leaf-level WUE were found among the treatments in 2017. In addition, the thinning did not significantly change the WUE-VPD relationships at any studied spatial scale.ConclusionsThe thinning treatments did not cause significant changes in all studied WUE metrics in a normal year. However, their effects were significantly promoted under the drought conditions probably due to the decrease in soil water availability, demonstrating that thinning can improve WUE and consequently support forests to cope with the drought effects. The inconsistent results on the effects of the thinning on forest carbon and water coupling at the spatial scales and the lack of the consistent WUE metrics constraint across-scale comparison and transferring of WUE.
Efficacy of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang granule and its impact on whole transcriptome profiling in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yan , Huang Yong-quan , Zhu Shui-lian , Zhang Chang-rong , Chen Xin-lin , Hou Qiu-ke , Liu Feng-bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one kind of common functional bowel disease with obscure pathogenesis, and exploration about whole transcriptome profiling in IBS-D is still negligible. Conventional medications have limited effects, which makes focus shifted to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang, as a classic herbal formula in TCM, is pretty effective and safe for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but the underlying therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. We aim to verify the efficacy and safety of TXYF granule (the formula particles mixed together) in IBS-D and elucidate the gene-level mechanism of IBS-D and therapeutic targets of TXYF granule based on whole transcriptome analysis.Methods/designThis is a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial consisting of 2 weeks of run-in period, 12 weeks of treatment period, and 8 weeks of follow-up period. We will enroll 120 participants with IBS-D, who will be randomly assigned to the TXYF granule group and the placebo group, and recruit additional 10 healthy individuals as controls for mechanistic outcome. The two groups respectively take TXYF granule or placebo orally for treatment. The primary outcome is the response rate of IBS-Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS). The secondary outcomes include adequate relief (AR), IBS-Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and long-term efficacy. Mechanistic outcome is the whole transcriptome profiling of the intestinal mucosae from IBS participants before and after the treatment and healthy individuals.DiscussionThis trial will prove the effectiveness and safety of TXYF granule with high-quality evidence and provide a penetrating and comprehensive perspective on the molecular mechanism of IBS-D by whole transcriptome analysis, which makes us pinpoint specific biomarkers of IBS-D and therapeutic targets of TXYF.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial RegistryChiCTR-IOR-1900021785. Registered on 9 March 2019
GBAF, a small BAF sub-complex with big implications: a systematic review
Authors: Innis Sarah M. , Cabot Birgit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodeling complexes is crucial for maintaining chromatin organization and facilitating gene transcription. In the SWI/SNF family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, distinct complexes such as BAF, PBAF, GBAF, esBAF and npBAF/nBAF are of particular interest regarding their implications in cellular differentiation and development, as well as in various diseases. The recently identified BAF subcomplex GBAF is no exception to this, and information is emerging linking this complex and its components to crucial events in mammalian development. Furthermore, given the essential nature of many of its subunits in maintaining effective chromatin remodeling function, it comes as no surprise that aberrant expression of GBAF complex components is associated with disease development, including neurodevelopmental disorders and numerous malignancies. It becomes clear that building upon our knowledge of GBAF and BAF complex function will be essential for advancements in both mammalian reproductive applications and the development of more effective therapeutic interventions and strategies. Here, we review the roles of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF and its subunits in mammalian development and disease.
Response of alfalfa growth to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under different phosphorus application levels
Authors: Liu Junying , Liu Xuanshuai , Zhang Qianbing , Li Shengyi , Sun Yanliang , Lu Weihua , Ma Chunhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume in farming and animal husbandry systems. This study assessed the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on alfalfa growth under different phosphorus application levels. In this experiment, a complete randomized block design was used. The following four bacterial applications were used: inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), inoculation of Bacillus megaterium (Bm), inoculation of mixed species (Fm × Bm) and noninoculation treatment (CK). Phosphorus (P) treatment was applied at the following four levels: 0 mg kg−1 (P0), 50 mg kg−1 (P1), 100 mg kg−1 (P2) and 150 mg P kg−1 (P3). The results showed that with the increase in phosphorus application, each index increased first and then decreased. The J2 treatment was significantly greater than the J0 treatment (P < 0.05) under the same bacterial treatment. In each cropping period the difference in each index to alfalfa was extremely significant under J, P treatment and J × P interactive treatment (P < 0.01). The indexes were compared by membership function. The priority order was as follows: J3P2 > J1P2 > J3P1 treatment. Therefore, when phosphorus was applied at 100 mg kg−1, the mixed inoculation of Fm × Bm was optimal, benefitting mycorrhiza growth and the production performance of alfalfa.
Copula geoadditive modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Roberts Danielle J. , Zewotir Temesgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia and malaria are the leading causes of sub-Saharan African childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between anaemia and malaria in young children across the districts or counties of four contiguous sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, while accounting for the effects of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Geospatial maps were constructed to visualise the relationship between the two responses across the districts of the countries.MethodsA joint bivariate copula regression model was used, which estimates the correlation between the two responses conditional on the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of the explanatory variables considered. The copula framework allows the dependency structure between the responses to be isolated from their marginal distributions. The association between the two responses was set to vary according to the district of residence across the four countries.ResultsThe study revealed a positive association between anaemia and malaria throughout the districts, the strength of which varied across the districts of the four countries. Due to this heterogeneous association between anaemia and malaria, we further considered the joint probability of each combination of outcome of anaemia and malaria to further reveal more about the relationship between the responses. A considerable number of districts had a high joint probability of a child being anaemic but not having malaria. This might suggest the existence of other significant drivers of childhood anaemia in these districts.ConclusionsThis study presents an alternative technique to joint modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children which assists in understanding more about their relationship compared to techniques of multivariate modelling. The approach used in this study can aid in visualising the relationship through mapping of their correlation and joint probabilities. These maps produced can then help policy makers target the correct set of interventions, or prevent the use of incorrect interventions, particularly for childhood anaemia, the causes of which are multiple and complex.
Apprehending the potential of BABY BOOM transcription factors to mitigate cotton regeneration and transformation
Authors: YAVUZ Caner , TILLABOEVA Shakhnozakhan , BAKHSH Allah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the advent of transgenic technology, the incorporation of gene(s) encoding traits of economic importance in cotton is being practiced worldwide. However, factors like recalcitrant nature of cotton cultivars, in vitro regeneration via tissue culture (especially via somatic embryogenesis), genotype dependency, long and toilsome protocols impede the pace of development of transgenic cotton. Besides that, types and age of explants, media composition, plant growth regulators and other environmental factors affect in vitro cotton regeneration significantly. The studies of genetic control of in vitro regeneration in plants have elucidated the role of certain transcription factor genes that are induced and expressed during somatic embryogenesis. Among these transcription factors, BABY BOOM (BBM) plays a very important role in signal transduction pathway, leading to cell differentiation and somatic embryos formation. The role of BBM has been established in plant cell proliferation, growth and development even without exogenous growth regulators. This review intends to provide an informative summary of regeneration and transformation problems in cotton and the latest developments in utilization of BBM transcription factors in cotton. We believe that the use of BBM will not only ease cotton genetic improvement but will also accelerate cotton breeding programmes.
Consuming the Mexican Body: Gender, Race, and the Nation inMacho Tips, 1985–1989
Authors: Mezo González Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines how the editorial and visual content of the Mexican gay magazine Macho Tips (1985–89) reproduced national discourses of race and gender to challenge the exclusion of gay men from the nation. Drawing on archival sources and oral history interviews, the essay demonstrates how the invocation of mestizaje, masculinity, and respectability shaped the production, reception, and content of the magazine—particularly its sexual imagery. The article argues that while Macho Tips appropriated, eroticized, and commodified national values of race and gender to make a profit, the magazine reconceptualized their meanings to debunk stereotypes that marginalized gay men. Macho Tips detached macho aesthetics from heterosexuality and successfully blurred the line between straight and gay Mexican masculinities. As a result, the magazine nationalized homosexuality and appealed to the desires of gay middle classes who sought to consume the Mexican masculine body.
Deletion of Yy1 in mouse lung epithelium unveils molecular mechanisms governing pleuropulmonary blastoma pathogenesis
Authors: Landry-Truchon Kim , Houde Nicolas , Lhuillier Mickaël , Charron Louis , Hadchouel Alice , Delacourt Christophe , Foulkes William D. , Galmiche-Rolland Louise , Jeannotte Lucie 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare pediatric lung disease. It can progress from abnormal epithelial cysts to an aggressive sarcoma with poor survival. PPB is difficult to diagnose as it can be confounded with other cystic lung disorders, such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). PPB is associated with mutations in DICER1 that perturb the microRNA (miRNA) profile in lung. How DICER1 and miRNAs act during PPB pathogenesis remains unsolved. Lung epithelial deletion of the Yin Yang1 (Yy1) gene in mice causes a phenotype mimicking the cystic form of PPB and affects the expression of key regulators of lung development. Similar changes in expression were observed in PPB but not in CPAM lung biopsies, revealing a distinctive PPB molecular signature. Deregulation of molecules promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in PPB specimens, suggesting that EMT might participate in tumor progression. Changes in miRNA expression also occurred in PPB lung biopsies. miR-125a-3p, a candidate to regulate YY1 expression and lung branching, was abnormally highly expressed in PPB samples. Together, these findings support the concept that reduced expression of YY1, due to the abnormal miRNA profile resulting from DICER1 mutations, contributes to PPB development via its impact on the expression of key lung developmental genes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Overuse Knee Pain in the Pediatric and Adolescent Athlete
Authors: Sweeney Emily , Rodenberg Richard , MacDonald James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Overuse knee pain is common in young athletes. There are many potential overuse injuries which present with insidious onset of pain that can challenge sports medicine providers, including Osgood-Schlatter's disease, patellofemoral syndrome, osteochondritis dissecans, and stress fractures. The differential diagnosis of insidious onset knee pain also includes malignancies, infections, and rheumatologic issues. A thorough history and physical examination can guide the treating provider in making a diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Although not always necessary, imaging is often helpful in overuse knee pain, and laboratory workup may be necessary. Conservative treatment is often the first recommendation in the management of overuse knee pain in young athletes, and this may include activity modification, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, bracing, and physical therapy. This review summarizes common overuse knee injuries seen in pediatric and adolescent athletes.
Colour in Byzantine Historiography (13th–15th centuries)
Authors: ΠΑΝΟΥ EIΡΗΝΗ 
Published: November 2020

To άρθρο πραγματεύεται τη λειτουργία του χρώματος στα κείμενα της βυζαντινής ιστοριογραφίας μεταξύ του 13ου και του 15ου αιώνα. Μέσα από την ανάλυση της χρήσης των χρωμάτων και των αποχρώσεών τους γίνεται σαφές ότι το χρώμα αποτελεί μέσο με το οποίο οι συγγραφείς μεταφέρουν το πολιτικό και θρησκευτικό κλίμα της εποχής, προσφέροντας στον σημερινό αναγνώστη τη δυνατότητα διαφορετικής πρόσληψης της ιστορικής διήγησης. Για τον βυζαντινό αναγνώστη, το χρώμα εμπεριείχε ιδεολογικούς χρωματισμούς που προσδιόριζαν τη βυζαντινή ταυτότητα σε σχέση με άλλες πολιτικές και θρησκευτικές οντότητες και έτσι προάσπιζε την αυτοκρατορική ιδεολογία σε μια περίοδο έντονων αλλαγών.
In vitro inhibitory effects of commercial antiseptics and disinfectants on foodborne and environmental bacterial strains
Authors: Isawumi Abiola , Donkor Jacob K. , Mosi Lydia 
Published: November 2020

Background: Antibacterial agents, including disinfectants and antiseptics are commonly used to reduce bacterial loads. As they have a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, function either as a bactericidal or bacteriostatic. While bacterial antimicrobial resistance is increasing, disinfectants and antiseptics are still relevant antibacterial agents. Methods: This study investigated the in vitro inhibitory effects of commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants. Using standard disc diffusion methods, selected common household antibacterial agents were tested on resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital environment and foodborne Escherichia coli and Bacillus species. Results: The study showed that the selected antibacterial agents were effective against the antibiotic resistant bacteria with appreciable zone of inhibition relative to the standard controls used. Conclusions: Though bacteria are consistently developing resistance to available antibiotics, disinfectants still inhibit bacterial growth and survival with considerable public health importance.
Gaps in secondary prevention among stroke survivors in rural Gadchiroli, India: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kalkonde Yogeshwar , Jadhao Sunil , Deshmukh Mahesh , Sen Gupta Shoummo , Bang Abhay 
Published: November 2020

Background: With epidemiological transition, stroke has emerged as a public health priority in rural India. However, population-level information on secondary prevention of stroke from rural areas of India and other low- and middle-income countries remains exceedingly rare. Methods: In a cross-sectional community-based survey, trained surveyors screened a well-defined population of 74,095 individuals living in 64 villages in Gadchiroli district of India for symptoms of stroke. A trained physician evaluated screen positive patients, diagnosed stroke, measured blood pressure and collected information on prior diagnosis of risk factors and current use of medications using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 265 stroke survivors were identified. Prior diagnosis of hypertension was made in 57.4%, diabetes in 9.8%, hyperlipidaemia in 0.4%, ischaemic heart disease in 1.5%. and atrial fibrillation in 1.1%. Blood pressure was uncontrolled (>140/90) in 46% of stroke survivors. Among men 71.2% used tobacco and 30% used alcohol, while among women 38.2% used tobacco and none used alcohol. Only 40.8% of stroke survivors were receiving antihypertensive medications, while 10.6% were on antiplatelet agents and 4.9% were on statins. In a multivariate analysis, age <50 years (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5), male sex (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) and lower economic status (no assets vs four assets; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9) were associated with lower odds of receiving medications for secondary prevention of stroke. Conclusions: There were significant gaps in secondary prevention of stroke in rural Gadchiroli. Healthcare programmes for secondary prevention of stroke in rural areas will have to ensure that blood pressure is adequately controlled, alcohol and tobacco cessation is promoted and special attention is paid to those who are younger, men and economically weaker.
Simple and compact diode laser system stabilized to Doppler-broadened iodine lines at 633  nm
Authors: Krause F. , Benkler E. , Nölleke C. , Leisching P. , Sterr U. 
Published: November 2020

We present a compact iodine-stabilized laser system at 633 nm, based on a distributed-feedback laser diode. Within a footprint of

, the system provides 5 mW of frequency-stabilized light from a single-mode fiber. Its performance was evaluated in comparison to Cs clocks representing primary frequency standards, realizing the SI unit Hz via an optical frequency comb. With the best suited absorption line, the laser reaches a fractional frequency instability below

for averaging times above 10 s. The performance was investigated at several iodine lines, and a model was developed to describe the observed stability on the different lines.
Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and associated conducted therapy approaches among dentists and dental assistants in Germany
Authors: Haas Yvonne , Naser Antonia , Haenel Jasmin , Fraeulin Laura , Holzgreve Fabian , Erbe Christina , Betz Werner , Wanke Eileen M. , Brueggmann Doerthe , Nienhaus Albert , Groneberg David A. , Ohlendorf Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Background
Dental professionals are subjected to higher risks for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) than other professional groups, especially the hand region. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hand complaints among dentists (Ds) and dental assistants (DAs) and examines applied therapies.

Methods
For this purpose, an online questionnaire analysed 389 Ds (240female/149male) and 406 DAs (401female/5male) working in Germany. The self-reported data of the two occupational groups were compared with regard to the topics examined. The questionnaire was based on the Nordic Questionnaire (self-reported lifetime, 12-month and 7-day MSDs prevalence of the hand, the conducted therapy and its success), additional occupational and sociodemographic questions as well as questions about specific medical conditions.

Results
30.8% of Ds affirmed MSDs in the hand at any time in their lives, 20.3% in the last twelve months and 9.5% in the last seven days. Among DAs, 42.6% reported a prevalence of MSDs in the hand at any time in their lives, 31.8% in the last 12 months and 15.3% in the last seven days. 37.5% of the Ds and 28.3% of the DAs stated that they had certain treatments. For both, Ds and DAs, physiotherapy was the most frequently chosen form of therapy. 89.7% of Ds and 63.3% of DAs who received therapy reported an improvement of MSDs.

Conclusion
Although the prevalence of MSDs on the hand is higher among DAs than among Ds, the use of therapeutic options and the success of therapy is lower for DAs compared to Ds.