bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New N – heterocyclic mono – and disilavinylidene iron – complexes by density functional theory
Authors: Soleimani Purlak Nahid , Kassaee Mohamad Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, we found less nucleophilicity (N) for normally and abnormally disubstituted Arduengo‐type monosilylenes [R2N4Si:] (1–10) than their corresponding disilavinylidene ligands [R2N4SiSi:] (1′–10′). Considering the importance of silylene–iron complexes, here we compare and contrast thermodynamic properties of their novel [R2N4Si: → Fe(N(SiH3)2)2] (1c–10c) and [R2N4SiSi: → Fe(N(SiH3)2)2] iron complexes (1′c–10′c), for R = H, Me, ethyl, i‐propyl, and t‐butyl, at B3LYP/6‐311++G**+ LANL2DZ level of theory. Isodesmic reactions show higher stability for disilavinylidenes 1′c–10′c compared with their corresponding monosilylene 1c–10c. In all species, the natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show transfer of charge from the silylene (of the ligand) to iron(II). Multiple Fe–Si bonding character is detected in all complexes (Wiberg bond index > 1). Yet Fe–Si bond distances in 1′c–10′c appear shorter than those in their corresponding 1c–10c. Binding energy (ΔEbin) of [Fe(N(SiH3)2)2] with 1′–10′ appears higher in 1′c–10′c than the corresponding 1c–10c.
Electrical and reaction performances of packed‐bed plasma reactors moderated with ferroelectric or dielectric materials
Authors: Gómez‐Ramírez Ana , Álvarez Rafael , Navascués Paula , García‐García Francisco J. , Palmero Alberto , Cotrino José , González‐Elipe Agustín R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe operational behavior of packed‐bed plasma reactors depends on the dimension, shape, and chemical properties of the pellets used as moderators, but little information exists about the influence of their specific dielectric properties. Herein, we comparatively study the electrical behavior of a packed‐bed reactor filled with pellets of either dielectric (Al2O3 and glass) or ferroelectric (BaTiO3 and lead zirconate titanate) materials. We found that plasma current was higher for ferroelectrics and presented a nonlineal dependence on voltage. Moreover, for BaTiO3, we found a drastic decrease at around its relatively low Curie temperature. Differences in electrical behavior have a direct effect on the reactor performance, as illustrated for the ammonia synthesis, demonstrating the importance of moderator material dielectric properties and their dependence on temperature.
Size, Shape, and Wavelength Effect on Photothermal Heat Elevation of Gold Nanoparticles: Absorption Coefficient Experimental Measurement
Authors: Diallo Amadou Thierno , Tlemçani Malika , Khan Memona , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Djaker Nadia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComplex‐shaped nanoparticles as gold nanourchins (GNU) and nanorods (GNR) are very suitable agents in the case of photothermal therapy due to their photon‐heat conversion ability in the red and near‐infrared region (NIR). The quantification in heat generation of complex shaped nanostructures is an important key to predict the therapeutic effect of these nanoparticles. For that, the determination of the nanoparticles absorption cross section (σAbs) responsible for the heat generation is one of the important steps before any application. Although it is obvious to determine σAbs for spheres via Mie's theory, in the case of complex structures like GNU or GNR, this parameter is difficult to model. In this work, a new methodology is used to determine experimentally σAbs for both GNU and GNR. Experimental measurements of the photothermal properties of 100 nm size GNU and two different sizes of GNRs are studied regarding different parameters such as concentration, laser excitation wavelength, and exposure time. By using the heat transfer theory, the temperature elevation in the nanoparticles solutions is converted to temperature elevation at the nanoparticles surface and σAbs values are then calculated for both GNU and GNR in the NIR spectral region.
Momentum space spinning correlators and higher spin equations in three dimensions
Authors: Jain Sachin , John Renjan Rajan , Malvimat Vinay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we explicitly compute in momentum space the three and four-point correlation functions involving scalar and spinning operators in the free bosonic and the free fermionic theory in three dimensions. We also evaluate the five-point function of the scalar operator in the free bosonic theory. We discuss techniques which are more efficient than the usual PV reduction to evaluate one loop integrals. Our techniques can be easily generalised to momentum space correlators of complicated spinning operators and to higher point functions. The three dimensional fermionic theory has the interesting feature that the scalar operator $$ \overline{\psi}\psi $$

ψ
¯

ψ
is odd under parity. To account for this, we develop a parity odd basis which is useful to write correlation functions involving spinning operators and an odd number of $$ \overline{\psi}\psi $$

ψ
¯

ψ
operators. We further study higher spin (HS) equations in momentum space which are algebraic in nature and hence simpler than their position space counterparts. We use them to solve for three-point functions involving spinning operators without invoking conformal invariance. However, at the level of four-point functions, solving the HS equation requires additional constraints that come from conformal invariance and we could only verify that our explicit results solve the HS equation.
Searching for surface defect CFTs within AdS3
Authors: Faedo Federico , Lozano Yolanda , Petri Nicolò 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study AdS3$$ \times {S}^3/{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_k\times {\tilde{S}}^3/{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{k^{\prime }} $$
×

S
3

/

ℤ
k

×

S
˜

3

/

ℤ

k
′

solutions to M-theory preserving $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) supersymmetries, arising as near-horizon limits of M2-M5 brane intersections ending on M5’-branes, with both types of five-branes placed on A-type singularities. Solutions in this class asymptote locally to AdS7$$ /{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_k\times {\tilde{S}}^3/{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{k^{\prime }} $$
/

ℤ
k

×

S
˜

3

/

ℤ

k
′

, and can thus be interpreted as holographic duals to surface defect CFTs within the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) 6d CFT dual to this solution. Upon reduction to Type IIA, we obtain a new class of solutions of the form AdS3× S3/ℤk× S2×Σ2 preserving (0,4) supersymmetries. We construct explicit 2d quiver CFTs dual to these solutions, describing D2-D4 surface defects embedded within the 6d (1,0) quiver CFT dual to the AdS7/ℤk solution to massless IIA. Finally, in the massive case, we show that the recently constructed AdS3× S2× CY2 solutions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) supersymmetries gain a defect interpretation as surface CFTs originating from D2-NS5-D6 defects embedded within the 5d CFT dual to the Brandhuber-Oz AdS6 background.
The Aegilops ventricosa 2NvS segment in bread wheat: cytology, genomics and breeding
Authors: Gao Liangliang , Koo Dal-Hoe , Juliana Philomin , Rife Trevor , Singh Daljit , Lemes da Silva Cristiano , Lux Thomas , Dorn Kevin M. , Clinesmith Marshall , Silva Paula , Wang Xu , Spannagl Manuel , Monat Cecile , Friebe Bernd , Steuernagel Burkhard , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Walkowiak Sean , Pozniak Curtis , Singh Ravi , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin , Fritz Allan , Poland Jesse 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKey messageThe first cytological characterization of the 2NvS segment in hexaploid wheat; complete de novo assembly and annotation of 2NvS segment; 2NvS frequency is increasing 2NvS and is associated with higher yield.AbstractTheAegilops ventricosa2NvS translocation segment has been utilized in breeding disease-resistant wheat crops since the early 1990s. This segment is known to possess several important resistance genes against multiple wheat diseases including root knot nematode, stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. More recently, this segment has been associated with resistance to wheat blast, an emerging and devastating wheat disease in South America and Asia. To date, full characterization of the segment including its size, gene content and its association with grain yield is lacking. Here, we present a complete cytological and physical characterization of this agronomically important translocation in bread wheat. We de novo assembled the 2NvS segment in two wheat varieties, ‘Jagger’ and ‘CDC Stanley,’ and delineated the segment to be approximately 33 Mb. A total of 535 high-confidence genes were annotated within the 2NvS region, with > 10% belonging to the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene families. Identification of groups of NLR genes that are potentially N genome-specific and expressed in specific tissues can fast-track testing of candidate genes playing roles in various disease resistances. We also show the increasing frequency of 2NvS among spring and winter wheat breeding programs over two and a half decades, and the positive impact of 2NvS on wheat grain yield based on historical datasets. The significance of the 2NvS segment in wheat breeding due to resistance to multiple diseases and a positive impact on yield highlights the importance of understanding and characterizing the wheat pan-genome for better insights into molecular breeding for wheat improvement.
The political choreography of the Sophia robot: beyond robot rights and citizenship to political performances for the social robotics market
Authors: Parviainen Jaana , Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA humanoid robot named ‘Sophia’ has sparked controversy since it has been given citizenship and has done media performances all over the world. The company that made the robot, Hanson Robotics, has touted Sophia as the future of artificial intelligence (AI). Robot scientists and philosophers have been more pessimistic about its capabilities, describing Sophia as a sophisticated puppet or chatbot. Looking behind the rhetoric about Sophia’s citizenship and intelligence and going beyond recent discussions on the moral status or legal personhood of AI robots, we analyse the performativity of Sophia from the perspective of what we call ‘political choreography’: drawing on phenomenological approaches to performance-oriented philosophy of technology. This paper proposes to interpret and discuss the world tour of Sophia as a political choreography that boosts the rise of the social robot market, rather than a statement about robot citizenship or artificial intelligence. We argue that the media performances of the Sophia robot were choreographed to advance specific political interests. We illustrate our philosophical discussion with media material of the Sophia performance, which helps us to explore the mechanisms through which the media spectacle functions hand in hand with advancing the economic interests of technology industries and their governmental promotors. Using a phenomenological approach and attending to the movement of robots, we also criticize the notion of ‘embodied intelligence’ used in the context of social robotics and AI. In this way, we put the discussions about the robot’s rights or citizenship in the context of AI politics and economics.
On the electrical characteristics of Al/p-Si diodes with and without (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interlayer using current–voltage (I–V) measurements
Authors: Sabahi Namini Abbas , Shahedi Asl Mehdi , Pirgholi-Givi Gholamreza , Delbari Seyed Ali , Farazin Javid , Altındal Şemsettin , Azizian-Kalandaragh Yashar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the effect of (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interfacial layer on the electrical parameters of the Al/p-Si diode. For this aim, (Sn-TeO2) nanostructures were developed by the ultrasound-assisted method, and both their electrical and optical characteristics were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, and UV–Vis methods. The bandgap of Sn-TeO2was found as 4.65 eV from the (αhυ)2vs (hυ) plot. The main electrical parameters of the Al/p-Si diodes with/ without (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interlayer, such as ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (Φ0), and series resistance (Rs), were calculated by applying and comparing two methods of thermionic emission theory and Cheung’s functions. These results show that the presence of the (PVP: Sn-TeO2interlayer, along with the increase of Φ0, and the decrease ofnandRs, led to a significant increment in the rectification of MPS when compared to MS diode. The current-transport mechanisms (CTMs) of them were examined through the forward LnIF− LnVFand reverse LnIR−VR0.5bias currents, and then, the Poole–Frenkel and Schottky field-lowering coefficients (β) were calculated and obtained its value from the theoretical and experimental methods showed that the mechanism of the reverse current of MS and MPS diodes is governing by the Schottky emission and Pool-Frenkel mechanism, respectively.
Images of the unseen: extrapolating visual representations for abstract and concrete words in a data-driven computational model
Authors: Günther Fritz , Petilli Marco Alessandro , Vergallito Alessandra , Marelli Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTheories of grounded cognition assume that conceptual representations are grounded in sensorimotor experience. However, abstract concepts such as jealousy or childhood have no directly associated referents with which such sensorimotor experience can be made; therefore, the grounding of abstract concepts has long been a topic of debate. Here, we propose (a) that systematic relations exist between semantic representations learned from language on the one hand and perceptual experience on the other hand, (b) that these relations can be learned in a bottom-up fashion, and (c) that it is possible to extrapolate from this learning experience to predict expected perceptual representations for words even where direct experience is missing. To test this, we implement a data-driven computational model that is trained to map language-based representations (obtained from text corpora, representing language experience) onto vision-based representations (obtained from an image database, representing perceptual experience), and apply its mapping function onto language-based representations for abstract and concrete words outside the training set. In three experiments, we present participants with these words, accompanied by two images: the image predicted by the model and a random control image. Results show that participants’ judgements were in line with model predictions even for the most abstract words. This preference was stronger for more concrete items and decreased for the more abstract ones. Taken together, our findings have substantial implications in support of the grounding of abstract words, suggesting that we can tap into our previous experience to create possible visual representation we don’t have.
Numerical simulation of the seismic response and soil–structure interaction for a monitored masonry school building damaged by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake
Authors: Brunelli A. , de Silva F. , Piro A. , Parisi F. , Sica S. , Silvestri F. , Cattari S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite significant research advances on the seismic response analysis, there is still an urgent need for validation of numerical simulation methods for prediction of earthquake response and damage. In this respect, seismic monitoring networks and proper modelling can further support validation studies, allowing more realistic simulations of what earthquakes can produce. This paper discusses the seismic response of the “Pietro Capuzi” school in Visso, a village located in the Marche region (Italy) that was severely damaged by the 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. The school was a two-story masonry structure founded on simple enlargements of its load-bearing walls, partially embedded in the alluvial loose soils of the Nera river. The structure was monitored as a strategic building by the Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures (OSS), which provided acceleration records under both ambient noise and the three mainshocks of the seismic sequence. The evolution of the damage pattern following each one of the three mainshocks was provided by on-site survey integrated by OSS data. Data on the dynamic soil properties was available from the seismic microzonation study of the Visso village and proved useful in the development of a reliable geotechnical model of the subsoil. The equivalent frame (EF) approach was adopted to simulate the nonlinear response of the school building through both fixed-base and compliant-base models, to assess the likely influence of soil–structure interaction on the building performance. The ambient noise records allowed for an accurate calibration of the soil–structure model. The seismic response of the masonry building to the whole sequence of the three mainshocks was then simulated by nonlinear time history analyses by using the horizontal accelerations recorded at the underground floor as input motions. Numerical results are validated against the evidence on structural response in terms of both incremental damage and global shear force–displacement relationships. The comparisons are satisfactory, corroborating the reliability of the compliant-base approach as applied to the EF model and its computational efficiency to simulate the soil–foundation–structure interaction in the case of masonry buildings.
Advances in Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Mueller Timothy , Stucklin Ana Sofia Guerreiro , Postlmayr Andreas , Metzger Sarah , Gerber Nicolas , Kline Cassie , Grotzer Michael , Nazarian Javad , Mueller Sabine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Over the last years, our understanding of the molecular biology of pediatric brain tumors has vastly improved. This has led to more narrowly defined subgroups of these tumors and has created new potential targets for molecularly driven therapies. This review presents an overview of the latest advances and challenges of implementing targeted therapies into the clinical management of pediatric brain tumors, with a focus on gliomas, craniopharyngiomas, and medulloblastomas.

Recent Findings
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) show generally a low mutational burden with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling presenting a key driver for these tumors. Direct inhibition of this pathway through BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors has proven to be a clinically relevant strategy. More recently, MEK and IL-6 receptor inhibitors have started to be evaluated in the treatment for craniopharyngiomas. Aside these low-grade tumors, pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and medulloblastomas exhibit substantially greater molecular heterogeneity with various and sometimes unknown tumor driver alterations. The clinical benefit of different targeted therapy approaches to interfere with altered signaling pathways and restore epigenetic dysregulation is undergoing active clinical testing. For these multiple pathway-driven tumors, combination strategies will most likely be required to achieve clinical benefit.

Summary
The field of pediatric neuro-oncology made tremendous progress with regard to improved diagnosis setting the stage for precision medicine approaches over the last decades. The potential of targeted therapies has been clearly demonstrated for a subset of pediatric brain tumors. However, despite clear response rates, questions of sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration, optimal dosing, treatment duration as well as mechanisms of resistance and how these can be overcome with potential combination strategies need to be addressed in future investigations. Along this line, it is critical for future trials to define appropriate endpoints to assess therapy responses as well as short and long-term toxicities in the growing and developing child.
Trace Metals in Pork Meat Products Marketed in Italy: Occurrence and Health Risk Characterization
Authors: Barone Grazia , Storelli Arianna , Quaglia Nicoletta C. , Garofalo Rita , Meleleo Daniela , Busco Antonio , Storelli Maria Maddalena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study provides valuable information on the levels of various trace metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu, Cr) in meat products (baked ham, raw ham, mortadella, cured sausage, würstel, salami) from South Italy and calculates potential health risk toxicity associated with their consumption for the total population and for children. In the samples studied metal concentrations are within the permissible legal limits (Cd: 0.01–0.03 μg g−1 w.w., Hg: 0.01–0.02 μg g−1 w.w., Zn: 5.71–7.32 μg g−1 w.w., Cu: 1.08–1.21 μg g−1 w.w., Cr: 0.15–0.23 μg g−1 w.w.), except for Pb (Pb: 0.22–0.38 μg g−1 w.w.). The estimated intake values are within the provisional tolerable daily intake limits for toxic metals and recommended daily intake values for essential metals in both tested groups. The noncarcinogenic risk values of the individual metals indicate that there is no health risk, but their combined effects might constitute a potential risk for children. Furthermore, the cumulative cancer risk of all samples studied exceeds the recommended threshold risk limit (> 10−4) in both total population and children, indicating a risk of potential health problems for consumers especially for children, who are more vulnerable to toxic metal exposure.
Diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm using support vector machine algorithms based on platelet RNA-seq
Authors: Shen Yuling , Lai Yi , Xu Dong , Xu Le , Song Lin , Zhou Jiaqing , Song Chengwen , Wang Jiadong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the capacity of support vector machine (SVM) algorithms that are developed based on platelet RNA-seq data in identifying thyroid neoplasm patients and differentiating patients with thyroid adenomas, papillary thyroid cancer and metastasized papillary thyroid cancer.MethodsPlatelets were collected and isolated from 109 patients and 63 healthy controls. RNA-seq was performed to find transcripts with differential levels. Genes corresponding to these altered transcripts were identified using R packages. All samples were subsampled into a training set and a validation set. Two SVM algorithms were developed and trained with the training set, using the genes with differential transcript levels (GDTLs) as classifiers, and validated with the validation set. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the R package clusterProfiler.ResultsWe detected 765 GDTLs (442 up-regulated and 323 down-regulated) in platelets of patients and healthy controls. The algorithm identifying thyroid neoplasm patients achieved an accuracy of 97%, with an AUC (area under curve) of 0.998. The other algorithm differentiating patients with multiclass thyroid neoplasms had an average accuracy of 80.5%. GO analysis showed that GDTLs were strongly involved in biological processes such as neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation, autophagy and regulation of multi-organism process. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that GDTLs were mainly enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and pathways in endocytosis, osteoclast differentiation, human cytomegalovirus infection and tuberculosis.ConclusionOur results indicated that the combination of SVM algorithms and platelet RNA-seq data allowed for thyroid neoplasm diagnostics and multiclass thyroid neoplasm classification.