bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Health Boosting Foods by Exploring the Microbial Wealth Harbouring in Ethnic Food System of Indian Himalayas
Authors: Gautam Neha , Sharma Nivedita , Ahlawat Yogesh K. , Sharma Nisha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNowadays, traditional food/ethnic foods have vanished from the diet of majority of young people. There is a need to preserve endangered and rarely used fermented food items to maintain the good health of future generations. Therefore, there is a scope for food industry to make an effort to explore nutrient rich sources out of these rarely used foods. The blending of ethnic and traditional foods in a scientific way could trigger many cumulative foods adding fresh dimensions simultaneously preserving functional properties of these foods and providing health benefits. The Himalayan states harbours more thousands types of fermented foods/ethnic foods being consumed. The majority of food consumed by the population in remote areas of the country includes a variety of ethnic dishes from the Indian Himalayas, such as Sepu Bari, Seera, Salori, Bhaturu, Aenkali, Childa‐bhala, Gundruck, Dhulliachar, Jaanr, Angoori, Chuli, Auria, Jhol, Chhang and Churpi. These foods have seldom been explored for their potential to yield new and health‐promoting microorganisms. For the first time, the aforementioned items have been investigated for the isolation and identification of safe, food‐grade bacteria, paving the way for the development of innovative health foods with functional properties.
Differences in physiological indicators between twin and singleton pregnancy
Authors: Liu Siyu , Shi Huifeng , He Shiyu , Hu Lanxin , Zhao Yangyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveIt has been widely reported that there are physiological differences between twin and singleton pregnancies, as evidenced by physiological indicators examined during prenatal period. However, not all physiological indicators have been evaluated. Physiological indicators of twin pregnancies still refer to the standards of single pregnancies and lack precise variation intervals. Therefore, our study compared and analyzed the differences in physiological indicators between twin and singleton pregnancies.MethodsRetrospective cohort data of deliveries at Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 2012, to February 8, 2021, were utilized. Information of pregnant women, including maternal characteristics, 49 physiological indicators examined during four periods (postpartum, first, second, and third trimester), and pregnancy complications, was extracted from medical records. Mann–Whitney test and multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the differences in physiological indicators between twin and singleton pregnancies and to demonstrate their variation trend throughout gestation.ResultsA total of 40 746 cases were included (38 320 singleton pregnancy cases and 2426 twin pregnancy cases). In twin pregnancies, 16 indicators related to red blood cells, platelets, coagulation function, protein, creatinine, and blood lipids exhibited distinctions compared to singleton pregnancies throughout gestation. The results remained stable regardless of maternal complications.ConclusionTwin and singleton pregnancies are in distinct physiological conditions. It is of great necessity to establish specific reference intervals for twin pregnancies. Further study is needed to investigate the impact of physiological indicators on predicting adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies.
Fiber Tip Empowered by Axial‐Asymmetric Four‐Sector Nanostructure for Broad‐Angle Light Coupling
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Yermakov Oleh , Gu Yitong , Zeisberger Matthias , Fischer Bennet , Yu Fei , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili , Schmidt Markus A. , Wang Ning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEfficient light coupling into the fiber waveguides is important in numerous applications, while the low in‐coupling coefficients of commercially available step‐index fibers significantly narrow their application domains. It is recently introduced that well‐defined periodic nanostructures, such as annulus gratings, allow to substantially boost in‐coupling coefficients. In this study, the genetic algorithm is applied for the optimization of trapezoidal polymer gratings. The experimental data showcase multiply enhanced light coupling at preselected incident angles with respect to a bare fiber. As a breakthrough result, the development of an axial‐asymmetric four‐sector grating, reaching the percentage level of light coupling efficiency in a broad angular range from 0 to 70 that outperforms axial‐symmetric gratings by about order of magnitude. Further, the high average light coupling efficiency is verified in the finite angular intervals at multiple wavelengths of 650, 1000, and 1550 nm. This solution highlights the enhancement of algorithm‐designed structures axially‐asymmetric systems for fiber‐based highly efficient light collections, that will further benefit extensive applications such as wide‐field endoscopies.
Homogenization for a Class Stochastic Partial Differential Equations With Nonperiodic Coefficients
Authors: Su Dong , Yang Xuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with homogenization for a class stochastic partial differential equations with nonperiodic coefficients. By means of the stochastic two‐scale convergence approach, the solution of a class stochastic partial differential equations with nonperiodic coefficients (microscopic model) is shown to converge in distribution to the solution of effective equation (macroscopic model).
Long‐term impacts on education of a cash transfer during early life
Authors: Bloomfield Juanita , Cabrera José María 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe evaluate the long‐term effects of receiving the Uruguayan Plan de Atención Nacional a la Emergencia Social (PANES), a large unconditional cash transfer program, on outcomes for young and unborn children. We use a rich dataset that matches program administrative data to vital natality data and educational records 8 to 12 years after the beginning of the program. Overall, we find small and barely significant effects on educational attainment and delay. Among children exposed to the program during early childhood (between ages 0 and 5), the results show significant beneficial effects for those with low birth weight.
Isomer Differentiation by UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS led to Enhanced Identification of Daphnane Diterpenoids in Daphne tangutica
Authors: Otsuki Kouharu , Zhang Mi , Tan Lingjian , Komaki Masayoshi , Shimada Akane , Kikuchi Takashi , Zhou Di , Li Ning , Li Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLiquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has enhanced the rapid, accurate analysis of complex plant extracts, eliminating the need for extensive isolation. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) further enhances this process by providing detailed structural information. However, differentiating structural isomers remains a challenge due to their minor spectral and structural differences.ObjectiveThis study aimed to extend the applicability of LC–MS/MS for the structural identification of daphnane diterpenoids, with a particular focus on distinguishing functional isomers.MethodsLC–MS analyses were performed using an UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS. The MS conditions for distinguishing isomers were optimized using in‐source CID and HCD modes with reference compounds. A qualitative analysis was then conducted on the extract of Daphne tangutica. The chemical structures of the detected daphnane diterpenoids were estimated by analyzing the fragmentation patterns in both the mass spectra and product ion spectra. These identifications were further validated by isolation and comparison with an in‐house daphnane diterpenoid library.ResultsBy optimizing MS conditions, especially in the negative ion mode, it was possible to accurately distinguish structural isomers such as yuanhuajine and gniditrin. Qualitative analysis of D. tangutica identified a total of 28 daphnanes, including seven previously unreported compounds. Furthermore, a novel geometric isomer of gniditrin was isolated by conducting isolation on the crude diterpenoid fraction.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that LC–MS/MS analysis can effectively distinguish functional isomers of daphnane diterpenoids, thereby enhancing the identification of daphnanes in plant extracts and highlighting its potential as a powerful tool for phytochemical analysis.
First aid treatment and airway management for chemical burns combined with inhalation injury: A case report
Authors: Shen Yaxin , Fu Liming , Yue Zhicheng , Shi Weiliang , Li Chunyan , Zhang Chunjuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemical burns account for a small percentage of burn patients, and there are even fewer burn patients suffering from chemical burns combined with inhalation injury. As chemical substances corrode the airway, which leads to persistent necrotic shedding of the respiratory mucosa and scarring contracture as the airway heals, a proportion of patients develop airway stenosis, requiring more aggressive treatment or even surgery. A 38‐year‐old female chemical factory worker sustained an inhalation injury due to exposure to reactive substances (liquid and smoke) during production. She developed third‐ to fourth‐grade airway stenosis and dyspnoea 2 months postinjury. Interhospital consultation led to referral to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University for tracheotomy and endotracheal stent implantation. Postoperative dyspnoea improved, and regular follow‐up was performed. The treatment process of this patient has provided us with valuable experience in the initial management and respiratory tract care of chemical burn patients.
Destructive Self‐Leadership? Self‐Leadership, Maladaptive Coping, and Stress in College Students
Authors: Neck Christopher B. , Maykrantz Sherry A. , Houghton Jeffery D. , Neck Christopher P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrior research has examined self‐leadership as a proactive self‐regulatory approach for the management of stress and anxiety in college students. However, little is known about the possible negative effects of self‐regulatory approaches such as self‐leadership. Using the transactional model of stress and coping and the interaction model of stress, anxiety, and coping as theoretical frameworks, this study investigates a parallel multiple mediation model of the relationship between self‐leadership and state anxiety as mediated by adaptive coping behaviours and maladaptive coping behaviours in a sample of 143 undergraduate students. Results suggest that self‐leadership, paradoxically, is positively related to both adaptive coping behaviours and maladaptive coping behaviours in students. Moreover, the magnitude and significance of the indirect effects of self‐leadership on state anxiety through maladaptive coping behaviours are greater than the indirect effects of self‐leadership through adaptive coping behaviours. This study is therefore the first to identify possible detrimental effects of self‐leadership on individual outcomes, that is, destructive self‐leadership. Implications, both theoretical and practical, are discussed along with limitations and directions for future research.
Isolation, Characterization, and Modification of Starch Isolated From Waste‐Cooked Non‐Waxy Rice Water
Authors: Garg Priyana , Kumar Raj , Singh Harbaaz , Goyal Meenakshi , Mogha Anupama , Gautam Naina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRaw starch's poor swelling, solubility, low shear rates, and low heat resistance limit their industrial applications. This work aimed to isolate and characterize the starch from the wasted rice water that remained after cooking. It was then modified using dry heat treatment (DHT) at 90, 120, and 150 °C for 48 h to explore its potential industrial applications. After investigation, it was found that swelling power and solubility decreased, whereas amylose content increased dramatically from 8.07% ± 0.01% to 22.57% ± 0.07% as the treatment temperature increased. SEM results showed an aggregated structure with the appearance of ruptured granules. Dry heating rice starch at 90 °C significantly reduced XRD diffraction peaks and FTIR intensity ratios (1047/1022 and 995/1022). Apparent viscosity and shear rate values were higher than raw starch. This suggested higher stability of starches after DHT, which was also confirmed by TGA analysis as decomposition temperature increased from 260 to 277 °C. In addition, modified starch with a greater peak viscosity can be added to meals as a thickening agent. The modification of starch leads to the conclusion that its diverse properties may be aimed at different areas of the food business.
What Are the Leadership Competencies for the 21st Century? A Qualitative Study of French Millennials at an Elite Business School in France
Authors: Fotso Guy Major Ngayo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of national culture on the perceived required leadership competencies for the 21st century among French millennials. To capture French millennial perception, the study relies on the qualitative research methodology and on semi‐structured interviews with a sample of 22 French graduate students born between 1996 and 1999 attending an elite business school in France. The findings of the research indicate that participants do share similar perspectives on leadership with other millennials around the world including the expectation for a collaborative leadership style, more human orientation, and global leadership competencies. However, they also distinguish themselves by expecting certain leadership competencies influenced by their national culture such as the need for an autocratic and coercive style, a hierarchical and legitimate approach to leadership, and the need for the leader to be charismatic. The findings of this study bring a new perspective to the generational cohort theory and show that the implicit leadership theory adds value to the study on generations and more specifically on millennials. The managerial implications are that organizations operating in France should adjust their human policies to the French millennials' perception and not have a global approach when hiring and managing elite business schools' graduates. Furthermore, it shows that an organization that implements a transformational leadership style will be more successful in attracting and retaining millennials. The main limitation of this research is that it is based on the view of millennials graduating from an elite business school in France and does not consider graduates from other fields or from other “grandes écoles”.
Evolution of Eligibility Criteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Trials: A Clinical Trial Databank Analysis
Authors: Outtier An , Janssens Rosanne , Barbier Liese , Sabino João , Verstockt Bram , Vermeire Séverine , Huys Isabelle , Ferrante Marc 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEligibility criteria in clinical trials have been criticised for being overly restrictive without clinical justification.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the types, evolution, and current status of eligibility criteria in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).MethodsWe performed a clinical trial databank search on clinicaltrials.gov, and included all Phase 3 placebo‐controlled randomised‐controlled trials (RCTs) investigating biologics or small molecules as induction therapy for moderate‐to‐severe Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Eligibility criteria were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsFifty‐nine RCTs were identified between the year 2000 and 2022 (30 for CD and 29 for UC). The median (interquartile range) number of eligibility criteria was 44 (38–49), and did not significantly change over the studied time period (p = 0.26). Qualitative analysis showed that common patient populations, such as older patients, therapy refractory patients, patients with comorbidities, prior malignancies, unclassified IBD type, ulcerative proctitis, stricturing and fistulizing CD, as well as patients with an ostomy, were often excluded. Heterogeneity in eligibility criteria across the different IBD clinical trials was found, such as for disease activity measurement, dosage of concomitant medication, wash‐out period of advanced therapies, and laboratory tests.ConclusionThe median number of eligibility criteria for IBD RCTs did not significantly change over time. The eligibility criteria are however restrictive and complex, limiting the generalisability of efficacy and safety outcomes in daily practice when drugs are approved. Future research is needed to investigate the impact of broadening eligibility criteria to better encompass real‐world practice.
Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Gas Sensor for Acetone Detection Using Correlated Laser Speckles
Authors: Bai Xiaoquan , Bu Ning , Yan Yuxiang , Ma Yifei , Wang Mei , Jia Suotang , Chen Xuyuan , Tong Zhaomin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcetone is a widely used volatile organic compound in various industries, and several gas sensors have been developed for its detection and real-time monitoring. This study reported a novel method for determining the acetone vapor concentration based on correlated laser speckles using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Here, PDLC films comprising a mixture of the thermotropic nematic liquid crystal (LC) and ultraviolet-curable polymers were fabricated using different LC mass ratios and ultraviolet curing conditions. The laser beam was transmitted through the PDLC film to generate scattered light and speckles. When the PDLC film was exposed to the acetone vapor, the acetone molecules diffused into the PDLC film and interacted with the LC molecules, modifying the orientation of the LC molecules and the equivalent refractive index of the LC droplets. This in turn decreased the correlation coefficient of the speckle images. The experimental results indicated that the PDLC gas sensor was selectively sensitive to different concentrations of the acetone vapor, ranging from 1 800 ppm to 3 200 ppm. In comparison with traditional LC gas sensors that use a polarizing microscope to detect the change in brightness of the modulated light field, the proposed method is simpler, less expensive, and more robust under external disturbances such as vibrations.
Addiction to smartphones in Arabs is associated with severe depressive symptoms and insomnia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Shannag Salam , Al-Jabari Sereene , Al-Shawaheen Rama , Bazi Saleh , Al-Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Alomari Albara Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAddiction to smartphones is a global issue. Mental health disturbance is an emerging factor implicated in smartphone addiction. Whether depressive symptoms and anxiety are implicated in smartphone addiction in developing countries such as Jordan is a nexus that warrants investigation. The present study investigated whether depressive symptoms and insomnia are correlated with smartphone addiction in a cohort of Jordanian participants. We adopted a cross-sectional design for a convenient sample, smartphone addiction, depressive symptoms, and insomnia were assessed using validated scales. Data analysis from 484 participants revealed that smartphone addiction was reported in 180 (37.1%) of the participants. Symptoms of severe depression and severe insomnia were reported in 174 (35.9%) and 198 (40.9%) of the participants respectively. The multivariable regression analysis showed that severe depressive symptoms and severe insomnia were significantly associated with addiction to smartphones (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11–2.55, p = 0.01) and (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.46–3.29, p < 0.001) respectively. In conclusion, poor mental health outcomes are correlated with unhealthy lifestyle habits such as addiction to smartphones, the addressing these alarming mental health symptoms is required to optimize the well-being of the community.
Making Mao's Steelworks
Authors: Hirata Koji 
Published: December 2024

Located in Manchuria (Northeast China), the geopolitical borderland between China, Russia, and Japan, among others, Anshan Iron and Steel Works (Angang) was Mao-era China's most important industrial enterprise. The history of Angang from 1915 to 2000 reveals the hybrid nature of China's accelerated industrialization, shaped by transnational interactions, domestic factors, and local dynamics. Utilizing archives in Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and English, Koji Hirata provides the first comprehensive history of this enterprise before, during, and after the Mao era (1949–1976). Through this unique lens, he explores the complex interplay of transnational influences in Mao-era China. By illustrating the symbiotic relationship between socialism and capitalism during the twentieth century, this major new study situates China within the complex global history of late industrialization.
The Value of Openness in Open Science
Authors: Santana Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Open science is good for both epistemic and social reasons, but in nonobvious ways, it can have detrimental epistemic side effects. Drawing on case studies and the social epistemology of science, I show how practices intended to increase transparency, communication, and information sharing in science can backfire. We should not reject Open Science, just implement it carefully. I argue that we can do so by treating openness as a governing value in science, and thus, that our pursuit of openness needs to be balanced against our pursuit of the whole scheme of values that govern science.
Migration scenarios for gender apartheid and asylum: when International Criminal Law and International Refugee Law Meet
Authors: Golesorkhi Lara-Zuzan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A multi-year process of debate around draft articles for a Crimes Against Humanity Treaty is underway and calls to categorize gender-based persecution as a stand-alone crime and to codify gender apartheid form fundamental aspects of discussion. These developments in international criminal law are significant to anticipate forced migration as recent changes in asylum regulations across the EU suggest. Between December 2022 and February 2023, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark moved to grant asylum to women and girls from Afghanistan on general risks of gender-based persecution. This falls in line with the EU Agency for Asylum establishing that the accumulation of repressive measures against women and girls in the country, which have been described as gender apartheid, amounts to persecution. In efforts to offer new perspectives on foresight in forced migration, I use case study method and legal-institutional analysis to delineate migration scenarios for gender apartheid and asylum. On the example of Afghanistan, I compare Sweden, Finland, and Denmark as case studies in which asylum is granted to women and girls on general risks of gender-based persecution in contrast to Germany and France as case studies for main destination countries of Afghan asylum-seekers absent of such policies. I explore factors towards policy in/action and provide outlooks for further lines of inquiry regarding anticipatory methods in forced migration.