bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxide-Sulfide-Melt-Bubble Interactions in Spinel-Rich Taxitic Rocks of the Norilsk-Talnakh Intrusions, Polar Siberia
Authors: Schoneveld Louise , Barnes Stephen J. , Godel Belinda , Vaillant Margaux Le , Yudovskaya Marina A. , Kamenetsky Vadim , Sluzhenikin Sergey F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oxide-rimmed, spherical structures interpreted as former gas bubbles have been discovered within a chromitiferous taxitic lithology of the Norilsk-Talnakh intrusions. These rocks are represented by variable grain size, presence of reworked country-rock xenoliths and millimeter- to centimeter-scale irregular spinel-rich aggregates, patches, or disrupted seams and stringers. They contain spherical and subspherical agglomerations that we interpret as amygdules, partially or completely filled with low-temperature hydrothermal minerals and locally with magmatic phases including sulfide globules. In places these amygdules form clusters that are interpreted as former bubble foams.
The wetting relationships visible between vapor bubbles, silicate melt, sulfide liquid, and oxide were investigated in detail using 3-D μX-ray tomography and detailed 2-D X-ray fluorescence maps. They also reveal short-range spatial variability in silicate and oxide minerals, reflecting small-scale advanced fractionation of silicate melt.
Three possible mechanisms are considered for the formation of these bubble-spinel foams: (1) the abundant spinel allows for the in situ nucleation of vapor bubbles, (2) the vapor bubbles ascend through the magma and collect spinel, or (3) the vapor bubbles cause rapid nucleation of chromite within these layers. Although none of these mechanisms can be exclusively ruled out, the texture and chemistry of the Norilsk-Talnakh chromitiferous taxitic lithology is most indicative of in situ nucleation of vapor bubbles on spinel surfaces (i.e., mechanism 1).
Groepsbelediging en vrijheid van meningsuiting
Authors: Nieuwenhuis A.J. (Aernout) 
Published: June 2020

Groepsbelediging en vrijheid van meningsuiting
In deze bijdrage staat groepsbelediging centraal. De auteur onderzoekt op welke wijze de rechter bij de uitleg van artikel 137c van het Wetboek van Strafrecht rekening dient te houden met de betekenis van de vrijheid van meningsuiting. De auteur bespreekt daartoe onder meer EHRM-jurisprudentie en de toepassing van het ‘drietrapsmodel’ van artikel 137c Sr in de Nederlandse rechtspraak.
Stock Portfolio Prediction by Multi-Target Decision Support
Authors: Santana Everton Jose , Da silva João Augusto Provin Ribeiro , Mastelini Saulo Martiello , Barbon Jr Sylvio 
Published: June 2020

Investing in the stock market is a complex process due to its high volatility caused by factors as exchange rates, political events, inflation and the market history. To support investor's decisions, the prediction of future stock price and economic metrics is valuable. With the hypothesis that there is a relation among investment performance indicators, the goal of this paper was exploring multi-target regression (MTR) methods to estimate 6 different indicators and finding out the method that would best suit in an automated prediction tool for decision support regarding predictive performance. The experiments were based on 4 datasets, corresponding to 4 different time periods, composed of 63 combinations of weights of stock-picking concepts each, simulated in the US stock market. We compared traditional machine learning approaches with seven state-of-the-art MTR solutions: Stacked Single Target, Ensemble of Regressor Chains, Deep Structure for Tracking Asynchronous Regressor Stacking, Deep Regressor Stacking, Multi-output Tree Chaining, Multi-target Augment Stacking and Multi-output Random Forest (MORF). With the exception of MORF, traditional approaches and the MTR methods were evaluated with Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine regressors. By means of extensive experimental evaluation, our results showed that the most recent MTR solutions can achieve suitable predictive performance, improving all the scenarios (14.70% in the best one, considering all target variables and periods). In this sense, MTR is a proper strategy for building stock market decision support system based on prediction models.
On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: II. Genera Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 and Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Sankaran Pradeep M. , Caleb John T.D. , Sebastian Pothalil A. 
Published: June 2020

Indian species of Drassyllus and Nodocion are revised, mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. All the Indian representatives of the former genus are transferred to Cryptodrassus, with a synonymy of Drassyllus jabalpurensis syn. nov. with Cryptodrassus khajuriai comb. nov., while the Indian species of the latter genus are transferred to Setaphis, with a provisional transfer of Nodocion solanensis. All the examined type specimens are imaged and supplementary descriptions are provided.
Workflow Mapping—A Q-Probes Study of Preanalytic Testing Processes: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 35 Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Perrotta Peter , Novis David A. , Nelson Suzanne , Blond Barbara , Stankovic Anna , Talbert Michael 
Published: June 2020

Context.—
Workflow mapping is a tool used to characterize operational processes throughout most industries and to identify non–value-added activities.

Objective.—
To develop a set of workflow mapping tools to compare the sequence and timing of activities, including waiting steps, used by clinical laboratories to process specimens during the preanalytic testing phase.

Design.—
Laboratories enrolled in this College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study created workflow maps detailing the steps they used to process specimens from the time of sample arrival in the laboratory to the time of sample delivery to chemistry analyzers. Enrollees recorded the sequence and types of steps involved in specimen processing and the time needed to complete each step.

Results.—
Institution average total specimen processing times (SPTs) and the number of steps required to prepare samples varied widely among institutions. Waiting steps, that is, steps requiring specimens to wait before advancing to the next process step, and specimen centrifugation consumed the greatest amount of processing times for both routine and STAT testing. Routine and STAT testing SPTs were shorter at institutions that used rapid centrifuges to prepare samples. Specimen processes requiring more sample waiting steps and computer entry steps had longer aggregate total process times than those with fewer such steps.

Conclusions.—
Aggregate specimen processing times may be shortened by reducing the number of steps involving sample waiting and computer entry activities. Rapid centrifugation is likely to reduce overall average institutional SPTs.
Point-of-Care Drug of Abuse Testing in the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Li Zhao , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2020

Context.—The United States is experiencing an opioid overdose epidemic. Point-of-care (POC) drug of abuse testing is a useful tool to combat the intensified opioid epidemic.Objectives.—To review commercially available POC drug of abuse testing involving opioids, to review opportunities and challenges for POC opioid testing and emerging testing methods in research literature, and finally to summarize unmet clinical needs and future development prospects.Data Sources.—The Google search engine was used to access information for commercial opioid POC devices and the Google Scholar search engine was used to access research literature published from 2000 to 2019 for opioid POC tests.Conclusions.—The opioid epidemic provides unprecedented opportunities for POC drug testing, with significant clinical needs. Compared with gold standard tests, limitations for commercially available opioid POC testing include lower analytical sensitivity, lower specificity, and cross-reactivity. In response to unmet clinical needs, novel methods have emerged in research literature, such as microfluidics and miniature mass spectrometry. Future prospects include the development of quantitative POC devices and smarter and real-time drug testing.
Une bibliothèque inclusive pour les Autochtones
Authors: Séguin Catherine 
Published: June 2020

Au Canada, pendant deux siècles, les Autochtones ont été assimilés et privés de leurs droits. Le réveil indien depuis les années 1970 a contribué à la montée d’une élite intellectuelle autochtone et a mené à la publication du rapport Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada en 2012. Depuis, nombre d’organisations sociales et étatiques canadiennes tentent de répondre aux différentes revendications concernant leur champ d’expertise respectif.
Pour y répondre à leur tour, plusieurs milieux documentaires canadiens ont mis de l’avant des initiatives très variées. Pourtant, les enjeux autochtones demeurent méconnus pour nombre de professionnels des sciences de l’information. De plus, leur opérationnalisation en bibliothèque semble être une tâche délicate pour laquelle peu de professionnels se sentent outillés.
Pour démystifier ces enjeux et inspirer leur opérationnalisation, une recension d’écrits et d’initiatives a été menée. Le présent texte propose une synthèse des enjeux autochtones pour le professionnel des sciences de l’information et la bibliothèque. Puis, il identifie des initiatives répertoriées qui contribuent à répondre aux revendications du rapport Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada.
Clientèles difficiles dans les bibliothèques de Montréal : témoignages sur la réalité des employés1
Authors: Courchesne Stéphanie 
Published: June 2020

Les bibliothèques publiques ont comme mission de permettre l’accessibilité au plus grand nombre de personnes, sans discrimination. Cela a comme effet de diversifier la clientèle et comme conséquence de permettre l’accès à des « clientèles difficiles ». Malgré cela, plusieurs gestionnaires voudraient développer un « troisième lieu » en bibliothèque, un « chez-soi » en dehors de la maison et du travail.
Toutefois, la différence entre la vision théorique et la perception par les employés n’est pas bien connue. C’est ce fossé qui est au coeur de notre problématique. Des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’employés de bibliothèques publiques montréalaises ont permis de comprendre les enjeux auxquels font face ces employés, qui doivent intervenir lorsque des problèmes surviennent avec des clientèles difficiles. Cet article présente les principales catégories de clientèles difficiles rencontrées par les répondants, leur gestion, les interventions nécessaires et les différents problèmes rencontrés.
Super‐recognisers: Face recognition performance after variable delay intervals
Authors: Davis Josh P. , Bretfelean L. Diandra , Belanova Elena , Thompson Trevor 
Published: June 2020

SummaryOutstanding long‐term face recognition of suspects is a hallmark of the exceptionally skilled police ‘super‐recognisers’ (SRs). Yet, research investigating SR's memory for faces mainly employed brief retention intervals. Therefore, in Experiment 1, 597 participants (121 SRs) viewed 10 target videos and attempted identification of targets from 10 target‐present line‐ups after 1–56 days. In Experiment 2, 1,421 participants (301 SRs) viewed 20 target videos, and after a baseline of no delay to 28 days,—10 target‐present and 10 target‐absent line‐ups, to assess correct line‐up rejections. Overall, delay positively correlated with hits but not with correct rejections. Most, but not all SRs, made more correct identifications and correct rejections than controls at all retention intervals, demonstrating that many SRs possess enhanced long‐term face memory. This research adds to the knowledge of SR's skillsets, and enhances the case for the selection of SRs to identity critical roles—particularly policing.
Defending or relinquishing belief in occurrence for remembered events that are challenged: A social‐cognitive model
Authors: Scoboria Alan , Henkel Linda 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe describe a social‐cognitive model explaining processing of cognitive dissonance resulting from being told by someone that a vividly remembered event did not actually occur. The model proposes that receiving challenges to one's recollection of events results in both intrapersonal and interpersonal cognitive dissonance. Rememberers process intrapersonal dissonance by weighing features of memory representations against the qualities of the feedback, and they process interpersonal elements by weighing the potential costs of agreeing or disagreeing with the challenger within the social dynamics of the relationship. To resolve the dissonance, people will either maintain or reduce belief in occurrence for the event, and will agree or disagree with the challenger. We explore factors that can influence dissonance and how they impact the rememberers' beliefs in occurrence of the event and their interaction with challengers in terms of defending or relinquishing their memory, and we discuss preliminary data confirming some of these factors.
“All I remember is the black eye”: A distinctive facial feature harms eyewitness identification
Authors: Jones Alyssa R. , Carlson Curt A. , Lockamyeir Robert F. , Hemby Jacob A. , Carlson Maria A. , Wooten Alex R. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMany crimes occur in which a perpetrator has a distinctive facial feature, such as a tattoo or black eye, but few eyewitness identification (ID) studies have involved such a feature. We conducted an experiment to determine how eyewitness ID performance is impacted by a distinctive facial feature, and how police could deal with this issue. Participants (N = 4,218) studied a target face with or without a black eye, and later viewed a simultaneous photo lineup either containing the target or not. For those who saw a target with a black eye, this feature was either replicated among all lineup members or was removed. The black eye harmed empirical discriminability regardless of replication or removal, which did not differ. However, participants responded more conservatively when the black eye was removed, compared to replication. Lastly, immediate confidence was consistently indicative of accuracy.
The influence of suspect ethnicity and evidence direction on alibi credibility assessment
Authors: Rozmann Nir , Nahari Galit 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe investigated whether evidence direction (incriminating versus exonerating) moderated the influence of intergroup bias on alibi credibility assessments. Israeli‐Jewish participants (n = 160) assessed the credibility of an alibi statement provided by either an Israeli‐Jewish or an Israeli‐Arab suspect. Along with the alibi statement, half of the participants were presented with incriminating evidence, while the other half were presented with exonerating evidence. The results indicated that evidence direction influenced credibility assessment regarding both in‐group and out‐group suspects. Specifically, under incriminating evidence, Israeli‐Jewish suspects were perceived as more deceptive than Israeli‐Arab suspects, whereas under exonerating evidence, no such differences were found. These results emphasize the significance of group bias in assessing the credibility of alibi statements.
Synergistic Use of Pyridine and Selenophene in a Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymer Enhances the Electron Mobility in Organic Transistors
Authors: Liu Qian , Kumagai Shohei , Manzhos Sergei , Chen Yingqian , Angunawela Indunil , Nahid Masrur Morshed , Feron Krishna , Bottle Steven E. , Bell John , Ade Harald , Takeya Jun , Sonar Prashant 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo achieve semiconducting materials with high electron mobility in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), low‐lying energy levels (the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)) and favorable molecular packing and ordering are two crucial factors. Here, it is reported that the incorporation of pyridine and selenophene into the backbone of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based copolymer produces a high‐electron‐mobility semiconductor, PDPPy‐Se. Compared with analogous polymers based on other DPP derivatives and selenophene, PDPPy‐Se features a lower LUMO that can decrease the electron transfer barrier for more effective electron injection, and simultaneously a lower HOMO that, however, can increase the hole transfer barrier to suppress the hole injection. Combined with thermal annealing at 240 °C for thin film morphology optimization to achieve large‐scale crystallite domains with tight molecular packing for effective charge transport along the conducting channel, OFET devices fabricated with PDPPy‐Se exhibit an n‐type‐dominant performance with an electron mobility (μe) as high as 2.22 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a hole/electron mobility ratio (μh/μe) of 0.26. Overall, this study demonstrates a simple yet effective approach to boost the electron mobility in organic transistors by synergistic use of pyridine and selenophene in the backbone of a DPP‐based copolymer.
A 3D Cell Culture Model Identifies Wnt/β‐Catenin Mediated Inhibition of p53 as a Critical Step during Human Hepatocyte Regeneration
Authors: Oliva‐Vilarnau Nuria , Vorrink Sabine U. , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe liver is a highly regenerative organ. While mature hepatocytes under homeostatic conditions are largely quiescent, upon injury, they rapidly enter the cell cycle to recover the damaged tissue. In rodents, a variety of injury models have provided important insights into the molecular underpinnings that govern the proliferative activation of quiescent hepatocytes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of human hepatocyte regeneration and experimental methods to expand primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Here, a 3D spheroid model of PHH is established to study hepatocyte regeneration and integrative time‐lapse multi‐omics analyses show that upon isolation from the native liver PHH acquire a regenerative phenotype, as seen in vivo upon partial hepatectomy. However, proliferation is limited. By analyzing global promoter motif activities, it is predicted that activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and inhibition of p53 signaling are critical factors required for human hepatocyte proliferation. Functional validations reveal that activation of Wnt signaling through external cues alone is sufficient to inhibit p53 and its proliferative senescence‐inducing target PAI1 (SERPINE1) and drive proliferation of >50% of all PHH. A scalable 3D culture model is established to study the molecular and cellular biology of human hepatocyte regeneration. By using this model, an essential role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling during human hepatocyte regeneration is identified.
Procedural Skills Training in Emergency Medicine Physicians Within the Edmonton Zone: A Needs Assessment
Authors: Schonnop Rebecca , Stauffer Brandy , Gauri Aliyah , Ha David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives were to describe the current procedural skill practices, attitudes toward procedural skill competency, and the role for educational skills training sessions among emergency medicine (EM) physicians within a geographic health zone.MethodsThis is a multicenter descriptive cross‐sectional survey of all EM physicians working at 12 emergency departments (EDs) within the Edmonton Zone in 2019. Survey items addressed current procedural skill performance frequency; perceived importance and confidence; current methods to maintain competence; barriers and facilitating factors to participation in a curriculum; preferred teaching methods; and desired frequency of practice for each procedural skill.ResultsSurvey response rate was 53.6%. Variability in frequency of performed procedures was seen across the type of hospital sites. For the majority of skills, there was a significantly positive correlation between the frequency at which a skill was performed and the perceived confidence performing said skill. There was inconsistency and no significant correlation with perceived importance, perceived confidence or frequency performing a given skill, and the desired frequency of training for that skill. Course availability (76.2%) and time (72.8%) are the most common identified barriers to participation in procedural skills training.ConclusionsThis study summarized the current ED procedural skill practices among EM physicians in the Edmonton Zone and attitudes toward an educational curriculum for procedural skill competency. This represents a step toward targeted continuing professional development in staff physicians.
Multi‐institutional Implementation of the National Clinical Assessment Tool in Emergency Medicine: Data From the First Year of Use
Authors: Hiller Katherine , Jung Julianna , Lawson Luan , Riddell Rebecca , Franzen Doug 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesUniformly training physicians to provide safe, high‐quality care requires reliable assessment tools to ensure learner competency. The consensus‐derived National Clinical Assessment Tool in Emergency Medicine (NCAT‐EM) has been adopted by clerkships across the country. Analysis of large‐scale deidentified data from a consortium of users is reported.MethodsThirteen sites entered data into a Web‐based platform resulting in over 6,400 discrete NCAT‐EM assessments from 748 students and 704 assessors. Reliability, internal consistency analysis, and factorial analysis of variance for hypothesis generation were performed.ResultsAll categories on the NCAT‐EM rating scales and professionalism subdomains were used. Clinical rating scale and global assessment scores were positively skewed, similar to other assessments commonly used in emergency medicine (EM). Professionalism lapses were noted in <1% of assessments. Cronbach's alpha was >0.8 for each site; however, interinstitutional variability was significant. M4 students scored higher than M3 students, and EM‐bound students scored higher than non–EM‐bound students. There were site‐specific differences based on number of prior EM rotations, but no overall association. There were differences in scores based on assessor faculty rank and resident training year, but not by years in practice. There were site‐specific differences based on student sex, but overall no difference.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first large‐scale multi‐institutional implementation of a single clinical assessment tool. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a unified approach to clinical assessment across multiple diverse sites. Challenges remain in determining appropriate score distributions and improving consistency in scoring between sites.