bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms (11 sites) and polycystic ovary syndrome risk
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Lunwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in ovarian folliculogenesis and normal reproductive function. So far, several studies focusing on association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, above association between the VEGF gene polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility is uncertain. Hence, we performed a timely meta-analysis containing all current publications to make clear this relationship. We searched articles from the PubMed, Embase and Chinese language (WanFang and CNKI) databases that were published up until May 10, 2019. Finally, we obtained 9 studies, containing 29 case–control studies and 11 different polymorphisms. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were revealed association strengths. There were significantly decreased associations between rs2010963 (-634), +9812, +405 polymorphisms and PCOS risk. Nevertheless, there existed increased associations between rs699947 (-2578), rs833061, rs1570360 (-1154), rs3025020, rs3025039 polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility. Our current analysis suggested VEGF gene polymorphisms may be associated with PCOS risk, which is possible to be expected to become biomarkers of early detection for women.
Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weidner Kristen , Lowman Joneen 
Published: January 2020

PurposeWe conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019.MethodThirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported.ResultsIncluded studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research.ConclusionOverall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.
Plasma-environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest
Authors: Deprince J. , Bautista M. A. , Fritzsche S. , García J. A. , Kallman T. R. , Mendoza C. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P. 
Published: January 2020

Aims. In the context of black-hole accretion disks, we aim to compute the plasma-environment effects on the atomic parameters used to model the decay of K-vacancy states in moderately charged iron ions, namely Fe IX – Fe XVI.
Methods. We used the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method approximating the plasma electron–nucleus and electron–electron screenings with a time-averaged Debye–Hückel potential.
Results. We report modified ionization potentials, K-threshold energies, wavelengths, radiative emission rates, and Auger widths for plasmas characterized by electron temperatures and densities in the ranges 105−107 K and 1018−1022 cm−3.
Conclusions. This study confirms that the high-resolution X-ray spectrometers onboard the future XRISM and Athena space missions will be capable of detecting the lowering of the K edges of these ions due to the extreme plasma conditions occurring in accretion disks around compact objects.
MONACO v2: Multipurpose and Integrated Data Acquisition System for On-line Neutron and Gamma Measurements
Authors: Barbot L. , Fourmentel D. , De Izarra G. , Destouches C. , Villard J-F. , Moline Y. , Hamrita H. 
Published: January 2020

The CEA MONACO v2 a multichannel acquisition system dedicated to neutron and gamma measurements. It is unique as it integrates all the following features in one module: automatic generation of saturation curves, automatic generation of pulse discrimination curves, detector pulse characterization using the embedded oscilloscope module, pulse mode acquisitions in count rate or pulse height analysis, fluctuation mode and current mode acquisitions. Sensors are plugged to a single connector and the implemented operating modes run constantly in parallel.
Firsly designed for on line local neutron and gamma measurements with gaseous detectors in reactor experiments, the MONACO v2 system will also be available for self-powered detectors thanks to its wide current mode working range.
After two years of development, CEA teams tested two MONACO v2 prototypes in the Slovenian TRIGA Mark II research reactor in 2018, using CEA miniature ion chambers and SPNDs. The system is now ready for industrialization to be available on the nuclear instrumentation market.
What does ‘nature’ mean?
Authors: Ducarme Frédéric , Couvet Denis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe idea of ‘nature’ is at the very core of science, considered as its flagship and deepest link with human societies. However, while nature preservation has become a major social concern, the idea of nature remains elusive. We examine here the origins, etymology, and historical semantics of this word and its different meanings in contemporary European languages. It appears that this word aggregated successively different and sometimes conflicting meanings throughout its history. One of the main present occidental meanings of “nature”, designating what is opposed to humans, currently used in public policies, conservation science, or environmental ethics, hence appears rare and recent, and contradictory with most other visions of nature, including former European representations and contemporary foreign ones. Nature preservation ought to take into account this semantic diversity when proposing policies, integrating the relativity and potential inaccuracy of the currently dominating occidental definition.
Is Lennie a monster? A reconsideration of Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men in a 21st century inclusive classroom context
Authors: Lawrence Clare 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOf Mice and Men remains a staple text in schools in both the United States and United Kingdom, where both neuro-typical and disabled pupils encounter it. The character of Lennie has learning difficulties and also—as identified by some researchers—exhibits many characteristics of autism. Although the novella is hailed as a modern classic, there are aspects in Steinbeck’s portrayal of Lennie as un-human, ‘othered’ from the other characters in the book and demonised as animal-like that merit challenge if they are to be encountered in the modern classroom. This study asks, ‘If Lennie is a monster, what does that mean for pupils’ understanding of autism and intellectual disability both inside and outside the classroom?’ It considers the portrayal of Lennie from within its origins in the Eugenics movement of the 1930s, the effect of reader sympathies with George in the final action of the book and the moral effect of the ‘Briseño’ factor, used in Texas to decide on a prisoner’s suitability to face the death penalty. The importance of teachers’ awareness of disability issues and language when teaching texts of this kind and of the positioning of texts within the disability awareness curriculum is discussed.
Methodological considerations in heritage language
studies
Authors: McManmon Zoe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study examines accuracy of heritage speakers
with respect to gender agreement of noun phrase (NP) constituents.
How does methodology affect participants’ accuracy with gender
agreement (GA)? Methods employed include an acquisition-based task,
and the sociolinguistic interview used in four groups: children who
access heritage language (HL) in school and in social network (SN);
children who access HL only in SN; children who access Spanish only
at school; and finally, children who access Spanish neither in
school nor in SN. Three groups showed comparable accuracy in
sociolinguistic interviews and acquisition task. For the group that
did not access Spanish at school/home, the accuracy was higher on a
sociolinguistic task (98.61%) compared to acquisition task (73%).
Different methodologies yielded different rates of accuracy. Methods
influence the participants’ task accuracy.
The acento pujado in Yucatan Spanish
Authors: Michnowicz Jim , Hyler Alex 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Previous research has indicated that the accent
of Yucatan Spanish (YS) differs from that of other dialects, in
particular standard Mexican Spanish from central Mexico. These
studies attribute the YS accent, described as halting/staccato
(pujado), to contact with Yucatec Maya,
suggesting that yucatecos speak Spanish with a
Mayan accent. This claim has never been addressed explicitly in the
literature, however. The present study applies several metrics of
prosodic rhythm (%V, Cdev & PVI) to spontaneous speech samples
from bilingual and monolingual yucatecos. Results
show a changing rhythm, with younger speakers moving away from more
traditional, possibly Maya-influenced patterns in apparent time.
Connections between rhythm and segmental features of YS are
discussed, along with possible social implications.
Transfer and convergence between Catalan and Spanish in a
bilingual setting
Authors: Jiménez-Gaspar Amelia , Pires Acrisio , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present results from a production study of
forty-five bilingual Catalan-Spanish speakers (26 women and 19 men,
aged 16 to 65 years old), to determine whether there is transfer or
convergence between the two languages in a bilingual setting. The
participants are residents of the capital and several villages of
Majorca (Spain).
We provide evidence that the production of
third-person clitics in Majorcan Catalan is clearly affected by
bilingualism with Spanish. First, there is a pattern of partial
transfer in the use of the neutral clitic ho in
Majorcan Catalan, which shows a semantic extension matching Spanish
lo. Second, the bilinguals show a pattern of
syllabic (CV(C)) forms of pronominal clitics, favored by a
similarity with Spanish forms. This provides evidence of both
morphophonological and semantic transfer in the knowledge and
production of bilinguals who acquired both languages in childhood.
Progress and tensions in modelling register as a semantic configuration
Authors: Moore Alison Rotha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Halliday (1978: 111) defines register as “the configuration of semantic
resources that the member of a culture typically associates with a situation type.” Elsewhere, however, he stresses that when we
talk of “a register” this is a term of convenience: register is more properly theorised as continuous variation along many
linguistic dimensions. In this paper I review progress in our capacity to describe register and context of situation and ask
whether the tension between discrete and continuous models of register might hinder such progress. I then consider Hasan’s (1983, 2013) contextually-open networked model
of message semantics, arguing that in conjunction with context networks it has potential to map register variation but still needs
to be tested across a large and varied set of domains. Examples from healthcare interaction ground the discussion.
How international war law makes violence legal
Authors: Lukin Annabelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSome international law scholars have argued that international war law, rather than proscribing violence in war, has instead been a vehicle for its legitimation. Given that laws are constituted in and through language, this paper explores this paradox through register analysis of the text of the Rome Statute, an international treaty adopted in 1998 which established the International Criminal Court to prosecute the crimes of “genocide”, “crimes against humanity”, “war crimes” and “crimes of aggression”. The parameters of field, tenor and mode are considered in conjunction with a brief account of linguistic features of Article 8 of the Rome Statute, which defines the scope of the term “war crimes”. The linguistic patterns provide evidence that the Rome Statute simultaneously outlaws some acts of violence while affording legal cover for others, despite their well-known devastating human consequences. The analysis provides linguistic evidence forMalešević’s (2010)claim that at the heart of modernity lies an “ontological dissonance”, through which we criminalise some forms of violence while legitimating others.
Nel senso (che) in Italian
conversation
Authors: De Stefani Elwys 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines nel senso
(che) ‘in the sense (that)’ in
present-day conversational Italian. Speakers can use
the resource to start a turn, to extend a
turn-in-progress, or to yield a turn to a next
speaker. In TCU-beginnings, it is describable as a
projector construction, allowing
speakers to display continuation of their turn (with
a new clause). When extending a turn with
nel senso (che), speakers display
orientation towards a potential problem of
understanding which they prevent by elaborating on
their prior talk. In turn- and TCU-initial
positions, both nel senso che and
nel senso are observed; in
turn-final positions only the latter format occurs.
The chapter analyzes the syntactic, prosodic,
embodied, and praxeological corollaries of the
resource.
Relative-clause increments and the management of
reference
Authors: Stoenica Ioana-Maria , Pekarek Doehler Simona 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper we propose a reanalysis of
relative clauses in French talk-in-interaction as
part of “grammar for talk implementing action”
(Schegloff,
1996: p. 113). Our analytic focus is on
relative clauses produced as increments, i.e., cases
where the [main clause + relative clause] pattern
emerges gradually, in response to interactional
contingencies such as co-participants’ verbal and
embodied conduct. We identify two recurrent
interactional purposes that speakers accomplish by
means of such self-incremented relative clauses:
referential repair, ensuing from
a recipient’s verbal and/or embodied display of
trouble; referential elaboration,
ensuing from a recipient’s verbal and/or embodied
display of referent recognition. The findings
challenge the notion of relative clauses as
subordinate clauses, and extend our understanding of
the emergent nature of grammar to the field of
complex syntax.
Deafness, cognition and language
Authors: Morgan Gary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This opening chapter sets the scene for the volume by describing in the first section what researchers mean by a native user of a signed language, and what differences exist between the deaf child who has deaf parents and those in the vast majority of cases from hearing families. This experience of late or reduced exposure to accessible language can have far reaching consequences and in this introduction chapter the areas of early interaction and later cognitive development are highlighted. The second half of the chapter describes the contents of the book by summarizing the key findings from each chapter. The chapter concludes with some future research questions for language development research that follow on from this volume.
Early communication in deaf and hearing children
Authors: Harris Margaret , Clibbens John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the similarities and differences between visual and auditory communication, focusing on early communication between infants and young children and their caretakers and showing how understanding of this phenomenon has unfolded over several decades of research. We identify key characteristics of effective infant–caretaker communication, focusing particularly on the development of joint attention. We explain how the dynamics of early communication can be affected by the hearing status of the infant and the caretaker and we review evidence from interventions that provide direct support for infant–caretaker interactions. Fnally, we compare outcomes for the current cohort of deaf infants with those born before recent innovations in diagnosis and hearing aid technology.
Overlap in turn-taking in signed mother–child dyadic and triadic interactions
Authors: Baker Anne , Van den Bogaerde Beppie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the development of the rules of turn-taking when signing, such as the extent to which overlap is allowed and when, and which attention strategies are used by signers when overlapping. This topic was investigated by comparing the more complex triadic situation (involving three people) of a deaf mother and her two deaf twins aged 5;6 years, together with how the adult communicated with these two children individually. Visual attention for the beginning of utterances was mostly established, but more so in the dyadic than the triadic situation. Seating position appeared to be relevant. More explicit strategies to attract eye-gaze were used in the triadic than the dyadic situation, including less usual strategies. Despite the conversation being between three people and needing checks with all participants, there was not more overlap in the triadic situation. Development in turn-taking is clearly still continuing after age six years.
Age of acquisition effects in language development
Authors: Lillo-Martin Diane , Smith Neil , Tsimpli Ianthi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The most accessible language for deaf children is generally a sign language, but few children have input in sign languages early in life. Late first-language acquisition of a sign language reveals age of acquisition effects that must be taken into consideration by linguistic theories of acquisition. When deaf children access spoken language through a cochlear implant, age of acquisition effects can again be seen, and the presence or absence of sign language is an important factor in language outcomes. Finally, the development of a sign language as a second language in unique contexts such as that of Christopher, a polyglot savant, can reveal more about the nature of language development and the theories of language structure that must be posited.
Links between language and cognitive development of deaf children
Authors: Morgan Gary , Jones Anna , Botting Nicola 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter weaves together work on early interaction between parents and children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) with research on social-emotional development (Theory of Mind) and wider cognitive abilities (Executive Functions). We describe in detail why language input in sign or spoken language (or both together) facilitates the development of communication, language and cognitive skills using what has been termed the Language Scaffolding Hypothesis. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what research is required next to understand how the current language learning experiences of DHH children – the majority who will have a cochlear implant and hearing parents – can promote both language and cognitive development.
Neurobiological insights from the study of deafness and sign language
Authors: Cardin Velia , Campbell Ruth , MacSweeney Mairéad , Holmer Emil , Rönnberg Jerker , Rudner Mary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The study of deafness and sign language has provided a means of dissociating modality specificity from higher level abstract processes in the brain. Differentiating these is fundamental for establishing the relationship between sensorimotor representations and functional specialisation in the brain. Early deafness in humans provides a unique insight into this problem, because the reorganisation observed in the adult deaf brain is not only due to neural development in the absence of auditory inputs, but also due to the acquisition of visual communication strategies such as sign language and speechreading. Here we report research by scholars who have collaborated with Bencie Woll in understanding the neural reorganisation that occurs as a consequence of early deafness, and its relation to the use of different visual strategies for language. We concentrate on three main topics: functional specialisation of sensory cortices, language and working memory.
Effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the natural frequencies and damping ratios of nanocomposite beams
Authors: Hocaoğlu Murat , Karagülle Hira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement on the natural frequencies and damping ratios of nanocomposite beams are examined. Three nanocomposite plates reinforced with different CNT weight ratios (0% neat epoxy-glass fiber composite beam, 0.25%, 0.5%) are produced. Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Purity>96%, outside diameter < 8nm) are mixed into the epoxy resin with an ultrasonic stirrer. The plates also contain glass fibres as an additional reinforcement. Test specimens are cut parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the fibres to obtain two different sets of specimens. Free vibration tests are performed by a wireless accelerometer sensor (WAS), a wireless data acquisition system (WDA) and a PC. Natural frequencies and damping ratios are determined from the acceleration data obtained from the experiments. For both the 0° and 90° specimens an increase in natural frequency is observed. However, while the damping ratio of the 0° specimen increases, the damping ratio of 90° one decreases.
Soft Tissue Thickness Variations of the Nose: A Radiological Study
Authors: Çavuş Özkan Melekber , Yeşil Fatma , Bayramiçli İnci , Bayramiçli Mehmet 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Soft tissue thickness (STT) is a major factor affecting the outcome in rhinoplasty. However, limited information is found in the literature on the age- and gender-related variations of the nasal STT.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to measure STT at various landmarks over the nasal framework and compare the age- and gender-related differences.

Methods
STT measurements were made at 11 landmarks in 325 patients by employing magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into subgroups to compare the STT differences between female and male and between the age groups as young, middle age, and elderly.

Results
Soft tissue was thickest at the nasion and thinnest at the rhinion. The soft tissue coverage was significantly thicker in the male population at the supratip, tip, nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages, and alar lobules, whereas it is thicker in females at the rhinion. Average thickness of the soft tissues over the entire nasal framework increases with age except the rhinion.

Conclusions
The STT is variable over different parts of the osteocartilaginous framework. Gender and age influence the STT. The soft tissue is thicker at the distal half of the nose in male patients, and these areas become gradually thicker with age, whereas the soft tissue over the midvault becomes thinner. Increasing age presents a particular challenge to achieve predictable results in rhinoplasty, and an understanding of the soft tissue envelope allows for improved aesthetic outcome.

Level of Evidence 2