bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Approach to the Nonlinearity of the Diffusivity Equation and Assessment of Pseudotime
Authors: Liu Zizhong , Emami-Meybodi Hamid 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe present a unified approach that quantifies the degree of nonlinearity for the hydraulic-diffusivity equation used for single-phase-fluid (gas, oil, or water) production from an infinite-actingpressure-sensitive formation subject to constant bottomhole pressure (BHP). Using the unified approach, we assess pseudotime validity for transient linear flow and quantify the associated error in the estimation of formation properties from rate-transient analysis (RTA). Using the experimental and correlation-generated data, a set of exponential relations for rock and fluid properties are obtained as a function of pressure. As a result of the chosen exponential relations, all the properties causing nonlinearity are lumped into diffusivity coefficient η and transmissibility T, which are exponential functions of pressure with four pressure-dependent exponents (i.e., η ∼ α0, α1 and T ∼ β0, β1). The degree of the nonlinearity (NL) is defined as the root mean square of the diffusivity-coefficient deviation from its initial value with respect to pseudopressure, where the limit NL = 0 recovers the linear hydraulic-diffusivity equation. We generate numerous synthetic cases with a wide range of rock and fluid properties at different pressure drawdowns to explain the effects of each property on α0, α1, β0, and β1, and consequently on NL. The results reveal that the cases with a highly pressure-dependent permeability or porosity tend to exhibit high nonlinearity. We use synthetic cases to demonstrate the relationship between NL and the pseudotime error in the estimation of the contact area and initial permeability using RTA. The results show that the cases with compressible gas may not exhibit high nonlinearity when a well produces from a pressure-sensitive formation. In fact, the pseudotime error might become less significant in the compressible-gas cases with high-pressure-sensitive rocks than in the slightly compressible cases. The analysis of RTA results indicates that the pseudotime error increases with the nonlinearity, and the pseudotime error is less than 10%, when NL &lt; 0.65 and &lt; 1.15 for the cases with the positive and negative values of α0, respectively. Finally, we apply the proposed unified nonlinearity approach to five field cases, including three gas, one oil, and one water production from different formations to assess pseudotime. The unified approach provides a reliable avenue to assess the accuracy of the pseudotime and to identify the cases where the use of pseudotime can cause significant errors.
Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among food handlers in Medebay Zana District, North West Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
Authors: Regassa Kebrom , Tedla Kiros , Bugssa Gessessew , Gebrekirstos Gebretsadkan , Gebreyesus Hailay , Shfare Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Intestinal parasites are amongst the major public health challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and its associated factors among food handlers in Medebay Zana District, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 food handler individuals selected by systematic random sampling. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the possible association between the independent variable and outcome variables. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 33.2% within this sample. The dominant parasite was Entamoeba coli 50(37.4%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 24(18%), Entamoeba hartmanni 18(13.5), Giardia lamblia 17(12.8%), Schistosoma mansoni 8(6%), Hymenolepis nana 7(5.3%), Entervious vermicularies 6(4.5%) and Taenia species 3(2.5%). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers for a range of intestinal parasites. The significant predictors were the source of water, washing hands before food preparation, washing hands with soap and water after visiting the toilet, shower installation at the workplace, washing the body regularly and eating raw vegetables and raw meat. Hence, local health planners should implement appropriate interventional measures for the novel risk factors to mitigate the problem.
Clinical Implications of 37 Childhood Cases with SARS-COV-2 Infection in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Liu Yingxia , Yang Yang , Wang Xianfeng , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in December 2019 in samples obtained from a 61 years old man who died of acute respiratory failure in the city of Wuhan, China with a subsequent outbreak in China. Till now, there were rare reports about childhood patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods We report 37 children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in the Third People’s hospital of Shenzhen from December 11, 2019 to February 11, 2020. Results There were 9 mild cases, 20 ordinary cases and 1 severe case and 7 cases with asymptomatic infection. The age ranged from 7 months to 17 years old and the median age was 7 years old. The median length of hospital stay is about 14 days. The time from illness onset to diagnosis ranged from 0.5 to 10 days (median time: 2 days). The common clinical features were fever (29.7%, 11/37) and cough (32.4%, 12/37). No death occurred among our patients. 86.5% (32/37) children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 after their family members (parents or grandparents). 1 child was identified with SARS-CoV-2 infection after 3 times testing. The majority (78.4%) of cases occurred in those children who travelled to Hubei Province. Conclusions The majority of childhood cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild or ordinary COVID-19 and had travelled to Hubei Province. Family cluster transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was suspected in 86.5% of patients. Timely continuous SARS-CoV-2 pathogen testing is recommended.
Differences among families in craniofacial shape at early life-stages of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Beck Samantha Victoria , Räsänen Katja , Leblanc Camille A. , Skúlason Skúli , Jónsson Zophonías O. , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Organismal fitness can be determined at early life-stages, but phenotypic variation at early life-stages is rarely considered in studies on evolutionary diversification. The trophic apparatus has been shown to contribute to sympatric resource-mediated divergence in several taxa. However, processes underlying diversification in trophic traits are poorly understood. Using phenotypically variable Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), we reared offspring from multiple families under standardized laboratory conditions and tested to what extent family (i.e. direct genetic and maternal effects) contributes to offspring morphology at hatching (H) and first feeding (FF). To understand the underlying mechanisms behind early life-stage variation in morphology, we examined how craniofacial shape varied according to family, offspring size, egg size and candidate gene expression. Results Craniofacial shape (i.e. the Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid arch) was more variable between families than within families both across and within developmental stages. Differences in craniofacial morphology between developmental stages correlated with offspring size, whilst within developmental stages only shape at FF correlated with offspring size, as well as female mean egg size. Larger offspring and offspring from females with larger eggs consistently had a wider hyoid arch and contracted Meckel’s cartilage in comparison to smaller offspring.Conclusions This study provides evidence for family-level variation in early life-stage trophic morphology, indicating the potential for parental effects to facilitate resource polymorphism.
Targeting family functioning, acculturative stress, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for obesity prevention: Findings from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth
Authors: Figueroa Roger , Isasi Carmen R , Perreira Krista M , McClain Amanda , Gallo Linda C , Sotres Daniela , Delamater Alan M , Daviglus Martha , Horn Linda Van , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Maintaining a bond with one’s family as well coping with stress while acculturating to the US may protect Hispanic/Latino youth from increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, which heightens the risk for overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine associations between acculturative stress, family functioning, and SSB consumption by acculturation status among U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth.Methods. With cross-sectional data on 1,465 youth 8-16y (49.6% females) participating in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, we classified youths into four acculturation groups – assimilated, integrated, marginalized/separated, and unclassified. SSB consumption was assessed through two 24-hour diet recalls and defined as intake frequency of soda, fruit juice, sweetened soft and fruit drinks. Multi-group path regression models were used to test associations of Hispanic/Latino youth’ acculturative stress and family functioning with SSB consumption, as well as the moderating role of acculturation status.Results. When controlling for age, sex, and study site, acculturative stress (β = -0.13, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with SSB, and poor family functioning (β = 0.11, p = 0.07) was only marginally associated with SSB consumption among youth classified as assimilated but not among youth classified as integrated, marginalized/separated, or unclassified. Conclusions. A socio-ecological perspective that incorporates the role of key acculturation-related factors across multiple levels may aid efforts to identify mechanisms that influence the relationship between acculturation status and diet among Hispanic/Latino youth and their families.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among High School Adolescent Girls in Southern Uganda
Authors: Nabunya Proscovia , Damulira Christopher , Byansi William , Muwanga Joelynn , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Namuwonge Flavia , Ighofose Eloho , Brathwaite Rachel , Tumwesige Wilberforce , Ssewamala Fred M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women are three times more likely than boys to have depressive disorders. Understanding adolescents’ unique and common vulnerabilities and protective factors is essential for the development of appropriate interventions and programming focused on child and adolescent mental health. This paper examines the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. Methods: Baseline data from a longitudinal cluster randomized study involving 1260 adolescent girls (14–17 years), recruited from 47 secondary schools were utilized. Depressive symptoms were estimated using the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was utilized to estimate key predictors of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Results: Of the total sample, 16.35% (n=206) reported severe depressive symptoms and almost one in every three adolescent girls interviewed (29.68%, n=374) reported moderate symptoms. These symptoms were more prevalent among older adolescents (16 years and above). In addition, family relationships, social support, as well as measures of psychological wellbeing (self-concept and self-esteem) were all associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Hopelessness was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially among older adolescent girls. In addition, family support factors and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing were associated with low levels of depressive symptoms –pointing to the need to strengthen family functioning and adolescent’s psychological wellbeing to mitigate risks. Taken together, findings support increasing calls for early screening and detection of depressive symptoms to facilitate timely referral to care and treatment. Findings may also inform the development and incorporation of gender-specific mental health components in programming targeting adolescent girls, in low-resource communities in SSA.Trial Registration: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registrationnumber: NCT03307226) on 11 October 2017.
The use of mobile phones for the prevention and control of arboviral diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Carrillo Maria Angelica , Kroeger Axel , Sanchez Rocio Cardenas , Monsalve Sonia Diaz , Ranzinger Silvia Runge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The rapid expansion of dengue, Zika and chikungunya with large scale outbreaks are an increasing public health concern in many countries. Additionally, the recent coronavirus pandemic urged the need to get connected for fast information transfer and exchange. As response, health programmes have -among other interventions- incorporated digital tools such as mobile phones for supporting the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, little is known about the benefits of mobile phone technology in terms of input, process and outcome dimensions. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyse the evidence of the use of mobile phones as an intervention tool regarding the performance, acceptance, usability, feasibility, cost and effectiveness in dengue, Zika and chikungunya control programmes.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of studies and reports by systematically searching: i) electronic databases (PubMed, PLOS ONE, PLOS Neglected Tropical Disease, LILACS, WHOLIS, ScienceDirect and Google scholar), ii) grey literature, using Google web and iii) documents in the list of references of the selected papers. Selected studies were categorized using a pre-determined data extraction form. Finally, a narrative summary of the evidence related to general characteristics of available mobile health tools and outcomes was produced.Results: The systematic literature search identified 1289 records, 32 of which met the inclusion criteria and 4 records from the reference lists. A total of 36 studies were included coming from twenty different countries. Five mobile phone services were identified in this review: mobile applications (n = 18), short message services (n=7), camera phone (n = 6), mobile phone tracking data (n = 4), and simple mobile communication (n = 1). Mobile phones were used for surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, and communication demonstrating good performance, acceptance and usability by users, as well as feasibility of mobile phone under real life conditions and effectiveness in terms of contributing to a reduction of vectors/ disease and improving users-oriented behaviour changes. It can be concluded that there are benefits for using mobile phones in the fight against arboviral diseases as well as other epidemic diseases. Further studies particularly on acceptance, cost and effectiveness at scale are recommended.
Qualitative study exploring the barriers to menstrual hygiene management faced by adolescents and young people with a disability, and their carers in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal
Authors: Wilbur Jane , Kayastha Shubha , Mahon Thérèse , Torondel Belen , Hameed Shaffa , Sigdel Anita , Gyawali Amrita , Kuper Hannah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a recognised public health, social and educational issue, which must be achieved to allow the realisation of human rights. People with disabilities are likely to experience layers of discrimination when they are menstruating, but little evidence exists.Methods: The study aims to investigate barriers to MHM that people with disabilities and their carers, face in the Kavrepalanchok, Nepal, using qualitative methods. Twenty people with disabilities, aged 15-24, who menstruate and experience ‘a lot of difficulty’ or more across one or more of the Washington Group functional domains were included, as well as 13 carers who provide menstrual support to these individuals. Purposeful sampling was applied to select participants. Different approaches were used to investigating barriers to MHM and triangulate data: in-depth interviews, PhotoVoice and ranking, market survey, product attribute assessment and user preference with ranking, observation of the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities used. We analysed data thematically, using Nvivo 11.Results: Barriers to MHM experienced by people with disabilities differ according to the impairment. Inaccessible WASH facilities were a major challenge for people with mobility, self-care and visual impairments. People with intellectual impairments had difficulty accessing MHM information and their carers despaired when they showed their menstrual blood to others, which could result in abuse. No support mechanisms existed for carers for MHM, who overwhelmed and isolated. Menstrual discomfort was a major challenge; these were managed with home remedies, or not at all. Most participants followed menstrual restrictions, which were widespread and expected, for fear of being cursed if they did not. As disability is often viewed as a curse, this demonstrates the layers of discrimination faced.Conclusion: Issues related to MHM for people with disabilities is more complex than for others in the population due to the additional disability discrimination and impairment experienced. Research exploring these issues must be conducted in different settings, and MHM interventions, tailored for impairment type and carers requirements, must be developed. Attention to, and resourcing for disability inclusive MHM must be prioritised to ensure ‘no one is left behind’.
Evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures to control the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Zhao Qinglong , Wang Yao , Yang Meng , Li Meina , Zhao Zeyu , Lu Xinrong , Shen Bo , Luan Bo , Zhao Yifei , Cao Bonan , Yao Laishun , Zhao Benhua , Su Yanhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures to control the disease in Jilin Province, China.Methods: The data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected, including imported and local cases from Jilin Province as of March 14, 2019. A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Asymptomatic–Recovered (SEIAR) model was developed to fit the data, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated at different stages in the province. Finally, the effectiveness of the countermeasures was assessed. Results: A total of 97 COVID-19 infections were reported in Jilin Province, among which 45 were imported infections (including one asymptomatic infection) and 52 were local infections (including three asymptomatic infections). The model fit well with the reported data (R2 = 0.593, P < 0.001). The Reff of COVID-19 before and after February 1, 2020 was 1.64 and 0.05, respectively. Without the intervention taken on February 1, 2020, the predicted cases would reach a peak of 177,011 on October 22, 2020 (284 days from the first case). The projected number of cases until the end of the outbreak (on October 9, 2021) would be 17,129,367, with a total attack rate of 63.66%. Based on the comparison between the predicted incidence of the model and the actual incidence, the comprehensive intervention measures implemented in Jilin Province on February 1 reduced the incidence of cases by 99.99%. Therefore, according to the current measures and implementation efforts, Jilin Province can achieve good control of the virus’s spread. Conclusions: COVID-19 has a moderate transmissibility in Jilin Province, China. The interventions implemented in the province had proved effective, increasing social distancing and a rapid response by the prevention and control system will help control the spread of the disease.
The Potential Role of Local Pharmacies to Assess Asthma Control: an Italian Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Caminati Marco , Cegolon Luca , Bacchini Marco , Segala Nadia , Dama Annarita , Bovo Chiara , Olivieri Bianca , Furci Fabiana , Senna Gianenrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Asthma control and monitoring still represents a challenge worldwide. Although the international guidelines suggest the interplay with primary care as an effective strategy to control the disease, community pharmacies’ are seldom involved in asthma control assessment. The present cross-sectional study aimed at providing a picture of the relationship between asthma severity and control in community pharmacies of the health district of the city of Verona (Veneto Region, North-Eastern Italy).Methods. A call for participation was launched through the Pharmacists’ Association of Verona. Patients referring to the participating pharmacies with an anti-asthmatic drug medical prescription and an asthma exemption code were asked to complete the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and a brief questionnaire collecting information on their age, sex, smoking status, aerobic physical exercise and usual asthma therapy, which also defined asthma severity. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to investigate the risk of uncontrolled as well as poorly controlled vs. controlled asthma (base). Results were expressed as relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI).Results. 57 community pharmacies accepted to participate and 584 asthmatic patients (54% females; mean-age: 51 ± 19 years) were consecutively recruited from 1st January to 30th June 2018 (6 months). Based upon ACT score 50.5% patients had a controlled asthma, 22.3% a poorly controlled and 27.2% uncontrolled. A variable proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma were observed for every level of severity, although more frequently with mild persistent form of asthma. Most patients (92%) reported regular compliance with therapy. At multinomial regression analysis, patients under regular asthma treatment course (RRR=0.33; 95%CI: 0.15; 0.77) were less likely to have an ACT<16 compared to those not taking medications regularly.Conclusions. Overall, our findings highlighted an unsatisfactory asthma control in the general population, independently of the severity level of the disease. Community pharmacies could be a useful frontline interface between patients and the health care services, supporting an effective asthma management plan, from disease assessment and monitoring treatment compliance to referral of patients to specialist medical consultancies.