bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does crude oil futures price really help to predict spot oil price? New evidence from density forecasting
Authors: Bai Lan , Li Xiafei , Wei Yu , Wei Guiwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we detect the contributions of various predictors in terms of density forecasts of monthly West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices. In the first step, we use a simple predictive regression of crude oil prices on different predictors one‐by‐one as explanatory variables, and then two kinds of criteria, Log Score and Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), are employed to evaluate the density forecasting accuracy of them. In the second step, we utilize a CRPS‐weighted combination and an equal‐weighted combination, respectively, to assemble various density forecasting results in the first step. Finally, a novel test proposed by Rossi and Sekhposyan (2019) is adopted to verify the correct calibration of predictive densities by these two combination methods as well as an AR benchmark model. The empirical results indicate that those predictors proved to perform well (poor) in point forecasts of crude oil price in extant literature do not necessarily offer high (low) density forecasting accuracy. Interestingly, WTI oil futures price is the only predictor that can produce good out‐of‐sample density forecasts across various time horizons. In addition, we find that the two model combination methods can beat the AR benchmark in density forecasting of crude oil price. However, no model can produce correct calibration of predictive densities for crude oil price at time horizons longer than about 5 years.
It's Not Just Counting the Women: Gender Diversity and Systems Engineering
Authors: Palmer Erika , Farstad Maja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith an increasing focus on women in systems engineering at INCOSE, through groups such as Empowering Women Leaders in Systems Engineering (EWLSE), and the desire to develop policy to increase gender diversity, it is important to: (1) conceptually understand what gender diversity means in a systems engineering context and (2) gain a deeper understanding of the value increased gender diversity has for systems engineering. Using a social science perspective together with engineering ethics, in this paper, we conceptually outline what gender diversity is in a systems engineering context. We discuss the value this could have for engineering products and the social systems in which they are embedded.
Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation with an automatically generated mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Chu Te‐Chun , Jocher Agnes , Smith Mica C. , Lengyel Istvan , Green William H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG), we have automatically constructed a detailed mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis, which predicts formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) up to pyrene. To improve the data available for formation pathways from naphthalene to pyrene, new high‐pressure limit reaction rate coefficients and species thermochemistry were calculated using a combination of electronic structure data from the literature and new quantum calculations. Pressure‐dependent kinetics for the CH potential energy surface calculated by Zádor et al. were incorporated to ensure accurate pathways for acetylene initiation reactions. After adding these new data into the RMG database, a pressure‐dependent mechanism was generated in a single RMG simulation which captures chemistry from C to C. In general, the RMG‐generated model accurately predicts major species profiles in comparison to plug‐flow reactor data from the literature. The primary shortcoming of the model is that formation of anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are underpredicted, and PAHs beyond pyrene are not captured. Reaction path analysis was performed for the RMG model to identify key pathways. Notable conclusions include the importance of accounting for the acetone impurity in acetylene in accurately predicting formation of odd‐carbon species, the remarkably low contribution of acetylene dimerization to vinylacetylene or diacetylene, and the dominance of the hydrogen abstraction CH addition (HACA) mechanism in the formation pathways to all PAH species in the model. This work demonstrates the improved ability of RMG to model PAH formation, while highlighting the need for more kinetics data for elementary reaction pathways to larger PAHs.
Comparison of venous couplers versus hand‐sewn technique in 4577 cases of DIEP‐flap breast reconstructions – A multicenter study
Authors: Heidekrueger Paul , von Fritschen Uwe , Moellhoff Nicholas , Germann Gunter , Giunta Riccardo , Zeman Florian , Prantl Lukas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionVenous anastomosis remains to be a challenging step in microsurgical tissue transfer and venous complications constitute to a common reason for free flap failure. While several studies have compared mechanical vs. hand‐sewn venous anastomoses, there is no large‐series study comparing the type of anastomosis exclusively in DIEP flap breast reconstructions.Patients and MethodsBetween 2011 and 2019, 3926 female patients underwent 4577 free DIEP‐flap breast reconstructions in 22 different breast cancer centers. Patient data was collected via an online database, files were screened and cases were divided into a hand‐ (HA) and a coupler‐anastomosis (CA) group. Complications were accounted for and the two groups were then compared.ResultsMean ischemia time was significantly shorter in the CA group (46.88 ± 26.17 vs. 55.48 ± 24.70 min; p < .001), whereas mean operative time was comparable (316 ± 134.01 vs. 320.77 ± 120.29 minutes; p = .294). We found no significant difference between both groups regarding the rate of partial (CA: 1.0% vs. HA: 1.3%) and total flap loss (CA: 2.2% vs. HA: 1.8%). However, revision rates were significantly higher in the CA group (CA: 10.5% vs. HA: 7.9%; p = .003), with higher numbers of arterial (2.3 vs. 0.9%; p < .001) and venous thromboses (3.4 vs. 1.8%; p = .001) accounting for this finding.ConclusionsAll taken into account, our findings do support the feasibility of venous coupler anastomoses in principle, however the inflationary use of coupler devices should be evaluated critically.
Packing returning secretaries
Authors: Hoefer Martin , Wilhelmi Lisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study online secretary problems with returns in combinatorial packing domains with n candidates that arrive sequentially over time in random order. The goal is to determine a feasible packing of candidates of maximum total value. In the first variant, each candidate arrives exactly twice. All 2n arrivals occur in random order. We propose a simple 0.5‐competitive algorithm. For the online bipartite matching problem, we obtain an algorithm with ratio at least 0.5721 − o(1), and an algorithm with ratio at least 0.5459 for all n ≥ 1. We extend all algorithms and ratios to k ≥ 2 arrivals per candidate. In the second variant, there is a pool of undecided candidates. In each round, a random candidate from the pool arrives. Upon arrival a candidate can be either decided (accept/reject) or postponed. We focus on minimizing the expected number of postponements when computing an optimal solution. An expected number of Θ(n log n) is always sufficient. For bipartite matching, we can show a tight bound of O(r log n), where r is the size of the optimum matching. For matroids, we can improve this further to a tight bound of O(r′ log(n/r′)), where r′ is the minimum rank of the matroid and the dual matroid.
Association between sleep quality, anxiety and depression among Korean breast cancer survivors
Authors: Cho Ok‐Hee , Hwang Kyung‐Hye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the sleep pattern of breast cancer survivors and anxiety and depression associated with sleep quality to provide evidence‐based information for the development of interventions to improve sleep disorders in these survivors.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe subjects were 266 breast cancer survivors in South Korea. Structured questionnaires regarding sleep quality, anxiety and depression were used. The data were analysed using t test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis.ResultsSleep duration and sleep disturbance were found to affect anxiety, whereas sleep latency and subjective sleep quality were found to affect depression. These results suggest that various factors affecting sleep quality should be considered when providing care for anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors.
Syntheses of Acyclic and Macrocyclic Compounds Derived from 9,9‐Diethylfluorene (Part I)
Authors: Seidel Pierre , Mazik Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of new 9,9‐diethylfluorenes consisting of three side‐arms each bearing a heterocyclic, bis(carboxymethyl)amino, bis(carbamoylmethyl)amino, bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)amino or an amino group were prepared on the basis of 2,4,7‐tris(bromomethyl)‐9,9‐diethylfluorene. Imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, 1,3‐dioxoisoindolyl and pyridinium groups were taken into account as heterocyclic units, attached to the aromatic skeleton via −CH2−, −CH2NHCH2− or −CH2N=CH− linkers. In addition to the seventeen 2,4,7‐trisubstituted 9,9‐diethylfluorenes, two macrocyclic compounds were prepared on the basis of 2,7‐bis(aminomethyl)‐9,9‐diethylfluorene. The excellent yield of the macrocyclization reaction is worth a special mention. Both the acyclic and the macrocyclic fluorene‐based compounds have, among other things, the potential to act as artificial receptors for different substrates in analogy to the known receptors consisting of a benzene or biphenyl core.
The plant microbiome: The dark and dirty secrets of plant growth
Authors: Tkacz Andrzej , Poole Philip 
Published: November 2020

Social Impact StatementTerrestrial life depends on a thin layer of top‐soil measuring no more than a few cm to around a meter. This nutrient rich zone supports the growth of plants by providing minerals and water they need for growth and photosynthesis. It is in the dark underworld of soil that plant roots interact with perhaps the most complex microcosm of organisms, from bacteria, archaea and fungi to single‐celled animals as well as multicellular animals such as nematodes and earth worms. This soil microbiome profoundly alters plant growth and in turn depends on root secretion and is shaped by plant immunity.SummaryThis article is about life underground. More specifically it is about the rhizosphere, the zone where plant roots meet the soil. The whole of terrestrial life depends on a few inches of soil. Soil is complicated. The nature of the soil is shaped by the presence of roots. In turn, the microbes in the soil immediately surrounding roots have a profound influence on plant growth and development. The soil microbiome is the community of soil microorganisms. Sampling and analyzing the soil microbiome and the way in which microbes and roots recognize and associate with each other are technically challenging. Here, we discuss new ways to reveal what is happening hidden beneath the soil surface.
How cognitive psychology changed the face of medical education research
Authors: Schmidt Henk G. , Mamede Silvia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the contributions of cognitive psychology to research and development of medical education are assessed. The cognitive psychology of learning consists of activation of prior knowledge while processing new information and elaboration on the resulting new knowledge to facilitate storing in long-term memory. This process is limited by the size of working memory. Six interventions based on cognitive theory that facilitate learning and expertise development are discussed: (1) Fostering self-explanation, (2) elaborative discussion, and (3) distributed practice; (4) help with decreasing cognitive load, (5) promoting retrieval practice, and (6) supporting interleaving practice. These interventions contribute in different measure to various instructional methods in use in medical education: problem-based learning, team-based learning, worked examples, mixed practice, serial-cue presentation, and deliberate reflection. The article concludes that systematic research into the applicability of these ideas to the practice of medical education presently is limited and should be intensified.
Ultrafiltration is better than diuretic therapy for volume-overloaded acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wobbe Bastian , Wagner Juliane , Szabó Dorottya Kata , Rostás Ildikó , Farkas Nelli , Garami András , Balaskó Márta , Hartmann Petra , Solymár Margit , Tenk Judit , Ottóffy Máté , Nagy Arnold , Habon Tamás , Hegyi Péter , Czopf László 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have led to heterogeneous study outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of UF therapy in ADHF patients. We searched the medical literature to identify well-designed studies comparing UF with the usual diuretic therapy in this setting. Systematic evaluation of 8 randomized controlled trials enrolling 801 participants showed greater fluid removal (difference in means 1372.5 mL, 95% CI 849.6 to 1895.4 mL; p < 0.001), weight loss (difference in means 1.592 kg, 95% CI 1.039 to 2.144 kg; p < 0.001) and lower incidences of worsening heart failure (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.94, p = 0.022) and rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p = 0.003) without a difference in renal impairment (OR 1.386, 95% CI 0.870 to 2.209; p = 0.169) or all-cause mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.71, p = 0.546). UF increases fluid removal and weight loss and reduces rehospitalization and the risk of worsening heart failure in congestive patients, suggesting ultrafiltration as a safe and effective treatment option for volume-overloaded heart failure patients.
Characterization of Rome’s rainwater in the early of 2018 aiming to find correlations between chemical-physical parameters and sources of pollution: a statistical study
Authors: Fontanella Luca Ugo , Tomassetti Mauro , Visco Giovanni , Sammartino Maria Pia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalysis of rainwater in historical cities plays a key role to save ancient monuments from atmospheric agents. In this study we sampled the Rome’s rainwater from February to July of 2018 and we analysed them to determine their chemical and physical parameters: pH, redox potential, conductivity, temperature, and the concentration of the main inorganic ions (Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO4−−). The volume of the daily fallen rainwater, the speed and direction of the wind in the sampling site were also collected. In order to find a correlation between all the above data we used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results evidenced that there aren’t authentic “acid rains” as the minimum pH value that we found is 5.2. In some cases high concentrations of nitrates and sulphates were found with maximum values of 12.4 ppm and 18.7 ppm respectively. We also found no correlation between the rainwater’s composition and the seasonal period; on the contrary, the speed and direction of the wind, especially when coming from the sea or industrial country near Rome, play a noticeable role on the rainwater composition.
The Safety and Feasibility of a Family First Aid Approach for the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Home Births: A Pre-post Intervention Study in Rural Pakistan
Authors: Mary Meighan , Jafarey Sadiqua , Dabash Rasha , Kamal Imtiaz , Rabbani Arjumand , Abbas Dina , Durocher Jill , Tan Yi-Ling , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the safety and feasibility of a Family First Aid approach whereby women and their families are provided misoprostol in advance to manage postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in home births.

Methods
A 12-month prospective, pre-post intervention study was conducted from February 2017 to February 2018. Women in their second and third trimesters were enrolled at home visits. Participants and their families received educational materials and were counseled on how to diagnose excessive bleeding and the importance of seeking care at a facility if PPH occurs. In the intervention phase, participants were also given misoprostol and counselled on how to administer the four 200 mcg tablets for first aid in case of PPH. Participants were followed-up postpartum to collect data on use of misoprostol for Family First Aid at home deliveries (primary outcome) and record maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Results
Of the 4008 participants enrolled, 97% were successfully followed-up postpartum. Half of the participants in each phase delivered at home. Among home deliveries, the odds of reporting PPH almost doubled among in the intervention phase (OR 1.98; CI 1.43, 2.76). Among those reporting PPH, women in the intervention phase were significantly more likely to have received PPH treatment (OR 10.49; CI 3.37, 32.71) and 90% administered the dose correctly. No maternal deaths, invasive procedures or surgery were reported in either phase after home deliveries.

Conclusions
The Family First Aid approach is a safe and feasible model of care that provides timely PPH treatment to women delivering at home in rural communities.
Absenteeism and presenteeism in healthcare workers due to respiratory illness
Authors: Kuster Stefan P. , Böni Jürg , Kouyos Roger D. , Huber Michael , Schmutz Stefan , Shah Cyril , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Distler Oliver , Battegay Edouard , Giovanoli Pietro , Guckenberger Matthias , Kohler Malcolm , Müller Rouven , Petry Heidi , Ruschitzka Frank , McGeer Allison , Coleman Brenda L. , Sax Hugo , Weber Rainer , Trkola Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess influenza symptoms, adherence to mask use recommendations, absenteesm and presenteeism in acute care healthcare workers (HCWs) during influenza epidemics.Methods:The TransFLUas influenza transmission study in acute healthcare prospectively followed HCWs prospectively over 2 consecutive influenza seasons. Symptom diaries asking for respiratory symptoms and adherence with mask use recommendations were recorded on a daily basis, and study participants provided midturbinate nasal swabs for influenza testing.Results:In total, 152 HCWs (65.8% nurses and 13.2% physicians) were included: 89.1% of study participants reported at least 1 influenza symptom during their study season and 77.8% suffered from respiratory symptoms. Also, 28.3% of HCW missed at least 1 working day during the study period: 82.6% of these days were missed because of symptoms of influenza illness. Of all participating HCWs, 67.9% worked with symptoms of influenza infection on 8.8% of study days. On 0.3% of study days, symptomatic HCWs were shedding influenza virus while at work. Among HCWs with respiratory symptoms, 74.1% adhered to the policy to wear a mask at work on 59.1% of days with respiratory symptoms.Conclusions:Respiratory disease is frequent among HCWs and imposes a significant economic burden on hospitals due to the number of working days lost. Presenteesm with respiratory illness, including influenza, is also frequent and poses a risk for patients and staff.Trial registration:NCT02478905 (clinicaltrials.gov)
ABSOLUTE DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL SCALE FOR PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) FROM UJŚCIE (NW POLAND), DATED USING RAPID ATMOSPHERIC 14C CHANGES
Authors: Krąpiec Marek , Rakowski Andrzej , Pawlyta Jacek , Wiktorowski Damian , Bolka Monika 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating tree-ring sequences to within 1-year accuracy. While a number of studies have used the 774 even to secure floating tree-ring sequences, the less abrupt 993 event has not been so well utilized. This study dates a floating pine chronology from Ujście in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) (NW Poland), which covers the 10th century period and is critical for studies on the beginning of the Polish State to the calendar years 859–1085 AD using the changes in single year radiocarbon around 993/4 AD.
Racial Reclassification and Political Identity Formation
Authors: De Micheli David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article leverages a phenomenon of racial reclassification in Brazil to shed new light on the processes of identity politicization. Conventional wisdom tells us that race mixture, fluid racial boundaries, and stigmatized blackness lead Brazilians to change their racial identifications—to reclassify—toward whiteness. But in recent years, Brazilians have demonstrated a newfound tendency to reclassify toward blackness. The author argues that this sudden reversal is the unintended consequence of state-led educational expansion for the lower classes. Educational expansion has increased the exposure of newly mobile citizens to information, social networks, and the labor market, leading many to develop racialized political identities and choose blackness. The author develops and tests this argument by drawing on in-depth interview data, systematic analyses of national survey and longitudinal census data, and original survey experiments. This article contributes a novel account of identity politicization and emphasizes the interaction between social structures and citizenship institutions in these processes.
THE IMPACT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ON THE SPANISH MONEY MARKET: NEW EVIDENCE FROM MONEY MARKET AND BANK LENDING INTEREST RATES, 1900–1935
Authors: Jorge-Sotelo Enrique 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a new index of money market and bank lending interest rates in Spain for 1900–1935. New archival evidence reveals a structural change in market interest ratesvis-à-visthe official rates charged by theBanco de España(BdE). Before 1914, the BdE rate operated as a ceiling to market rates. The outbreak of the First World War caused market rates to soar and the BdE rate started operating as a floor, as bank liquidity started depending on the BdE. This was accompanied by new banking legislation introduced in 1921, which changed the collateral framework through which the BdE lent to banks. The resulting interest rate index illustrates the persistent impact of financial deglobalisation caused by the outbreak of the War.
High-Variability Phonetic Training enhances second language lexical processing: evidence from online training of French learners of English
Authors: Melnik Gerda Ana , Peperkamp Sharon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-Variability Phonetic Training (HVPT) has been shown to be effective in improving the perception of the hardest non-native sounds. However, it remains unclear whether such training can enhance phonological processing at the lexical level. The present study tested whether HVPT also improves word recognition. Late French learners of English completed eight online sessions of HVPT on the perception of English word-initial /h/. This sound does not exist in French and has been shown to cause difficulty both at the prelexical (Mah, Goad & Steinhauer, 2016) and the lexical level of processing (Melnik & Peperkamp, 2019). In pretest and posttest participants were administered a prelexical identification task and a lexical decision task. Results demonstrate that after training the learners’ accuracy improved in both tasks. Moreover, these improvements were retained four months after posttest. This is the first evidence that short training can enhance not only prelexical perception, but also word recognition.