bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINC00689 induces gastric cancer progression via modulating the miR‐338‐3p/HOXA3 axis
Authors: Lu Hui , Zhang Qian , Sun Yaqiong , Wu Dedong , Liu Liying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLINC00689 acts one critical regulatory role in several tumors. However, the functional, regulatory mechanism and expression of LINC00689 remains unknown in gastric cancer.MethodsLINC00689 and miR‐338‐3p levels were determined using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis and an enzyme‐linked immunoassay and a cell‐counting kit‐8 assay were utilized to detect interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression and cell proliferation, respectively.ResultsWe found that LINC00689 and HOXA3 are overexpressed and miR‐338‐3p is decreased in gastric cancer cells. Compared to control specimens, LINC00689 is overexpressed in gastric cancer specimens and the level of LINC00689 was up‐regulated in 32 cases (32/40; 80.0%) compared to control samples. LINC00689 increased cell growth, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) development and secretion of inflammatory factors in gastric cancer. Compared to control specimens, miR‐338‐3p expression was decreased in gastric cancer specimens and a Pearson's correlation assay revealed that miR‐338‐3p was negatively correlated with LINC00689 expression in gastric cancer specimens. HOXA3 was identified as one target gene of miR‐338‐3p and Ectopic expression of LINC00689 suppressed miR‐338‐3p and enhanced HOXA3 expression in HGC‐27 cells. LINC00689 enhanced cell growth, EMT development and secretion of inflammatory factors by promoting HOXA3.ConclusionsLINC00689 may present a potential future target for gastric cancer treatment.
Small‐for‐size graft, small‐for‐size syndrome and inflow modulation in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ikegami Toru , Onda Shinji , Furukawa Kenei , Haruki Koichiro , Shirai Yoshihiro , Gocho Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe extended application of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has revealed the problem of graft size mismatching called “small‐for‐size syndrome (SFSS).” The initial trials to resolve this problem involved increasing the procured graft size, from left to right, and even extending to include a right lobe graft. Clinical cases of living right lobe donations have been reported since then, drawing attention to the risks of increasing the liver volume procured from a living donor. However, not only other modes of increasing graft volume (GV) such as auxiliary or dual liver transplantation, but also control of the increased portal pressure caused by a small‐for‐size graft (SFSG), such as a porto‐systemic shunt or splenectomy and optimal outflow reconstruction, have been trialed with some positive results. To establish an effective strategy for transplanting SFSG and preventing SFSS, it is essential to have precise knowledge and tactics to evaluate graft quality and GV, when performing these LDLTs with portal pressure control and good venous outflow. Thus, we reviewed the updated literature on the pathogenesis of and strategies for using SFSG.
Adapting HIV services for pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, children, adolescents and families in resource‐constrained settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vrazo Alexandra C , Golin Rachel , Fernando Nimasha B , Killam Wm P , Sharifi Sheena , Phelps B Ryan , Gleason Megan M , Wolf Hilary T , Siberry George K , Srivastava Meena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted global health service delivery, including provision of HIV services. Countries with high HIV burden are balancing the need to minimize interactions with health facilities to reduce the risk of COVID‐19 transmission, while delivering uninterrupted essential HIV prevention, testing and treatment services. Many of these adaptations in resource‐constrained settings have not adequately accounted for the needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, children and adolescents. We propose whole‐family, tailored programme adaptations along the HIV clinical continuum to protect the programmatic gains made in services.DiscussionEssential HIV case‐finding services for pregnant and breastfeeding women and children should be maintained and include maternal testing, diagnostic testing for infants exposed to HIV, index testing for children whose biological parents or siblings are living with HIV, as well as for children/adolescents presenting with symptoms concerning for HIV and comorbidities. HIV self‐testing for children two years of age and older should be supported with caregiver and provider education. Adaptations include bundling services in the same visit and providing testing outside of facilities to the extent possible to reduce exposure risk to COVID‐19. Virtual platforms can be used to identify vulnerable children at risk of HIV infection, abuse, harm or violence, and link them to necessary clinical and psychosocial support services. HIV treatment service adaptations for families should focus on family based differentiated service delivery models, including community‐based ART initiation and multi‐month ART dispensing. Viral load monitoring should not be a barrier to transitioning children and adolescents experiencing treatment failure to more effective ART regimens, and viral load monitoring for pregnant and breastfeeding women and children should be prioritized and bundled with other essential services.ConclusionsProtecting pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, children and adolescents from acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 while sustaining essential HIV services is an immense global health challenge. Tailored, family friendly programme adaptations for case‐finding, ART delivery and viral load monitoring for these populations have the potential to limit SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission while ensuring the continuity of life‐saving HIV case identification and treatment efforts.
Regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in patients acutely infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gao Menglu , Liu Yili , Guo Mingquan , Wang Qianying , Wang Yan , Fan Jian , Shen Yinzhong , Hou Junjie , Wan Yanmin , Zhu Zhaoqin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Regulatory T cell can protect against severe forms of coronaviral infections attributable to host inflammatory responses. But its role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still unclear. In this study, frequencies of total and multiple subsets of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients and discharged individuals were analyzed using a multicolor flow cytometry assay. Plasma concentration of IL-10 was measured using a microsphere-based immunoassay kit. Comparing to healthy controls, the frequencies of total lymphocytes and T cells decreased significantly in both acutely infected COVID-19 patients and discharged individuals. The frequencies of total lymphocytes correlated negatively with the frequencies of CD3−CD56+ NK cells. The frequencies of regulatory CD8+CD25+ T cells correlated with CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios positively, while the frequencies of regulatory CD4+CD25+CD127− T cells correlated negatively with CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios. Ratios of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased significantly in patients beyond age of 45 years. And accordingly, the frequencies of regulatory CD8+CD25+ T cells were also found significantly increased in these patients. Collectively, the results suggest that regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, the data indicate that NK cells might contribute to the COVID-19 associated lymphopenia.
Profiling cellular heterogeneity in asthma with single cell multiparameter CyTOF
Authors: Stewart Emma , Wang Xiaomei , Chupp Geoffrey L , Montgomery Ruth R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that afflicts over 30 million individuals in the United States and over 300 million individuals worldwide. The inflammatory response in the airways is often characterized by the analysis of sputum, which contains multiple types of cells including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and rare bronchial epithelial cells. Subtyping patients using microscopy of the sputum has identified both neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrates in airway inflammation. However, with the extensive heterogeneity among these cell types, a higher resolution understanding of the inflammatory cell types present in the sputum is needed to dissect the heterogeneity of disease. Improved recognition of the distinct phenotypes and sources of inflammation in asthmatic granulocytes may identify relevant pathways for clinical management or investigation of novel therapeutic mediators. Here, we employed mass cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight to quantify frequency and define functional status of sputum derived airway cells in asthmatic patients and healthy controls. This in-depth single cell analysis method identified multiple distinct subtypes of airway immune cells, especially in neutrophils. Significance was discovered by statistical analysis as well as a data-driven unbiased clustering approach. Our multidimensional assessment method identifies differences in cellular function and supports identification of cellular status that may contribute to diverse clinical responses. This technical advance is relevant for studies of pathogenesis and may provide meaningful insights to advance our knowledge of asthmatic inflammation.
Shoulder MR Arthrography: Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Contrast Injection Techniques Using an Anterior Approach
Authors: Ali Abeer H. , Said Hatem G. , Abo elhamd Eman , Mahmoud Mohammad K. , Qenawy Omran K. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMR arthrography (MRA) is commonly used in the assessment of shoulder internal derangements. Correct intra‐articular contrast injection is required for this modality. Anterior injections under fluoroscopic, ultrasound‐guidance, or without image‐guidance have been described in the literature. However, no simultaneous comparison has been performed between the three techniques.PurposeTo compare the accuracy and performance of fluoroscopy (FL)‐guided, ultrasound (US)‐guided and non‐image‐guided intra‐articular contrast injection via an anterior approach for performing shoulder MRA.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwo‐hundred and ten patients (180 men and 30 women; mean age, 33 ± 12 years; range 20–60 years) with clinically suspected shoulder pathology.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and 3D‐gradient‐echo images.AssessmentPatients underwent shoulder MRA after anterior intra‐articular contrast injection under FL‐ or US‐guidance or without image‐guidance. Patients were randomized among the three techniques with each group comprising 70. The techniques were compared according to the accuracy of intra‐articular needle placement, attempts success rate, pain during and 24 hours after injection, procedure times, contrast extravasation rate, joint distension, and MRA diagnostic efficacy. Pain was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) pain‐score.Statistical TestsPearson's chi‐squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsFL‐ and US‐guided injections (100% accuracy) were significantly more accurate than non‐image‐guided (85.7% accuracy) (P < 0.05). US‐guidance was the least painful, with statistical differences between image‐guided and non‐image‐guided techniques regarding the first attempt success rate (95.7% and 92.8% for FL‐ and US‐guided vs. 78.6% for blinded), VAS‐score 24 hours‐post‐procedure (1.7 ± 1.7, and 1.5 ± 1.4 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4), procedure time (11.9 ± 1.6, and 7.4 ± 1.7 vs. 4.3 ± 0.76 minutes), and contrast extravasation rate (5.7%, and 8.6% vs. 30%) (all P < 0.05). Procedure time was also significantly different between FL and US‐guidance (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionImaging‐guided injections are more accurate and tolerable than non‐image‐guided and should be considered to confirm intra‐articular needle position, hence adequate capsular distension and good diagnostic quality of shoulder MRA. US guidance is a less painful, rapid, and safe alternative to the FL approach.Evidence Level: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 5.J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:481–490.
Automatic generation controller for multi area multisource regulated power system using grasshopper optimization algorithm with fuzzy predictive PID controller
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Sharma V.K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a fuzzy predictive‐proportional integral derivative (FP‐PID) controller approach for automatic generation controller (AGC). This new AGC approach aims to balance the total generating system without any power losses and load changes in keeping constant system frequency per tie‐lie power flow. But, a sudden load variation in multi‐area Interconnected power system (MIPS) creates nonlinearities (frequency deviation & tie‐line) in all control areas. Because, penetrating of renewable sources to the power system, the sluggish control action may cause inefficiency in migrating frequency and tie‐line power flow. Hence, an accurate and fast‐acting controller is required to maintain the nominal value also the quality and stability of power system, because traditional AGC is not feasible for further process. Here, we propose an FP‐PID controller in MIPS for controlling large parametric uncertainties. Modeling error is taken into account to reduce the maximum deviation and time of oscillation. The main purpose of FP‐PID based AGC is to ensure stable and reliable power system operation. A grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is used to tune the parameters of FP‐PID controller with Integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE) as the objective function. The proposed method is compared with conventional two‐area and three‐area system, the result are built‐in Simulink/MATLAB show that the proposed method has a good dynamic response, fast operation reduced magnitude error and minimized frequency transients for three power areas. The robustness of the controller is, it need not be retuned for wide variations in system parameters and random step load power.
Design and analysis of two layers RLC network of rectangular topology by wave concept iterative process method
Authors: Ammar Noemen , Vincent Didier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a theoretical study of a rectangular electrical network built on two layers. First, the auxiliary source notion is introduced for characterizing the potential difference over each electrical element, then the mathematical formalism of the Wave Concept Iterative Process method is developed and adopted to the studied circuit. The used method is based on the concept of the incident and reflected waves which are defined from the current and voltage at each branch of the circuit. Two relations connecting the waves are established into two definition domains: a spectral‐domain using the Kirchhoff laws and the auxiliary source connections and, another spatial defining the boundary conditions and the circuit design. Hence a two equations system is obtained and it is resolved by an iterative process, the transition between the two domains is ensured by the fast Fourier transform and its inverse. Moreover, the equivalent impedance between the feeding source and the nodes of the bottom layer has been calculated. Among the numerical simulation methods, this method has demonstrated its performances for analyzing various designs of the networks including RL, RC and RLC circuits excited by a lumped voltage source. The effect of the circuit parameters on the electrical currents and equivalent impedance has been studied.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of tropical cyclone strikes in the northeastern Pacific Basin between San Diego, California and Las Peñitas, Nicaragua
Authors: Grondin Nicholas S. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study analyses 52 (1966–2017) years of northeastern Pacific (NEP) tropical cyclones (TCs) and uses track data from the National Hurricane Center's HURDAT2 and a TC size model to determine TC strikes at 54 locations along the Pacific Coast of North America between San Diego, California, and Las Peñitas, Nicaragua. An average TC strike model is used whereby tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricane strikes are determined for each location. These data are used to construct time series and calculate TC return periods for each location. Results indicate varying patterns of strike frequency across the region, with hot spots along the southwestern coast of Mexico (centred on Manzanillo, Colima), on the southern tip of Baja California Sur, and on Isla Socorro, part of the Revillagigedo Island chain. These regions had TC return periods of 2 years or less while locations in Sonora, Central America, San Diego, and northern Baja California had return periods of 52 years or greater. In addition, results indicate varying patterns of activity in the region. For example, locations in Baja California Sur are shown to have been struck more frequently in recent years, while locations across the Gulf of California in northwestern Mexico have been struck less frequently. Understanding coastal risk in the NEP will be relevant to coastal planners, local governments, tourism agencies, and investors in this region.
Spatiotemporal patterns of satellite precipitation extremes in the Xijiang River Basin: From statistical characterization to stochastic behaviour modelling
Authors: Ma Qiumei , Ji Changming , Xiong Lihua , Wang Yi , Xu Chong‐Yu , Zhang Yanke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the threats from rainstorm events that have been intensified due to climate change, the investigation of heavy/extreme precipitation is attracting increasing attention. The investigation of extreme precipitation, with its restricted tools and data, is quite different from that of nonextreme precipitation. Satellite precipitation estimates (SPEs) are promising precipitation measurements due to fine spatial resolution. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of SPE extremes remain unclear. Therefore, this study attempted to systematically analyse the spatiotemporal patterns of extreme SPEs provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) research product from statistical characterization to stochastic behaviour modelling. The statistical characterization was depicted using comprehensive extreme precipitation indices (EPIs), while the stochastic behaviour was modelled using the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to fit the ‘peak over threshold’ samples and employing the max‐stable process to fit the ‘block maximum’ samples (Max: annual 1‐day maximum, RX1day: monthly 1‐day maximum, and RX5day: monthly 5‐day maximum) of the TRMM data. The TRMM extremes were analysed across the Xijiang River Basin, China. The results of the statistical characterization revealed that compared with gauge precipitation, most TRMM EPIs were discovered to have higher temporal dynamic levels. Moreover, the spatial median of the return level for each return period derived from temporal TRMM extreme modelling with the GPD was lower than that from gauge extremes. The spatial dependence of Max in TRMM was weaker than that of either RX1day or RX5day, primarily due to different precipitation‐generating processes existing between two extreme events at annual scale compared with monthly scale. Each of the Max, RX1day, and RX5day in TRMM exhibited stronger spatial dependence than that in gauge extreme precipitation, maybe related to the area‐average‐based representation of the SPEs. These findings can enhance our insight into the spatiotemporal patterns of extreme satellite precipitation, which is beneficial for operational flood risk management.
Early Growth Trajectory of Infants With Simple Congenital Heart Disease and Complex Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiac Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Shi Hui , Hu Chunmei , Zhang Linfang , Tong Min , Li Lijuan , Cui Yanqin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the growth trajectory of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to analyze the effects of disease classification on their growth trajectory.MethodsA prospective cohort of infants with CHD was enrolled and divided into 2 groups: simple CHD (SC) and complex CHD (CC) groups. All patients were followed up for 6 months after CHD surgery. Weight for age (WAZ), length for age (LAZ), weight for length (WLZ), and head circumference for age were compared between the 2 groups using mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultBetween September 2018 and November 2019, 801 patients had data collected. The z‐score trend decreased (e.g., ΔWAZ:
1.29±1.44) and then increased (e.g., ΔWAZ:
1.06±1.13), and all z‐scores were below 0 from birth to 6 months postoperatively. Mixed‐effects linear regression models indicated that the postoperative WAZ and WLZ scores of the CC group were lower than those of the SC group after adjustment (WAZ: β = −0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.37 to −0.07; P = .03) (WLZ: β = −0.93, 95% CI, −1.67 to −0.19; P = .01). The models also showed an interaction effect between disease classification and preoperative growth status on infant growth outcome (WAZ: interaction β = −0.48; 95% CI, −0.88 to −0.07; P = .02) (WLZ: interaction β = −0.36; 95% CI, −0.60 to −0.12; P = .004) (LAZ: interaction β = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.02; P = .04).ConclusionsCompared with SC children, CC children have deficits in their early growth trajectories. The type of disease and preoperative growth status synergistically affect the early postoperative growth trajectory.
Association between obesity and periodontitis in Australian adults: A single mediation analysis
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Bettiol Silvana , Kent Katherine , Peres Marco A. , Barnett Tony , Crocombe Leonard A. , Mittinty Murthy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity and periodontitis are conditions with high burden and cost. This study aims to unfold the proposed pathways through which the effect of obesity in the presence of health behaviors (dental visiting behavior and diabetes) increases the risk of periodontitis?MethodsThe effect decomposition analysis using potential outcome approach was used to determine obesity‐related periodontitis risk using the Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004 to 2006. A single mediation analysis for exposure, “physical‐inactivity induced obesity,” mediator “dental visiting behavior (a de facto measure of healthy behaviors),” outcome “periodontitis,” and confounders “age, sex, household income, level of education, self‐reported diabetes, alcohol‐intake and smoking,” was constructed for subset of 3,715 participants, aged ≥30 years. Proposed pathways were set independently for each risk factor and in synergy. The STATA 15 Paramed library was used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect unmeasured confounding using non‐parametric approach.ResultsThe average treatment effect of physical inactivity induced obesity to periodontitis is 14%. Pathway effect analysis using potential outcomes illustrated that the effect of obesity on periodontitis that was not mediated through poor dental visiting behavior was 10%. Indirect effect of obesity‐mediated through poor dental visiting behavior on periodontitis was 3%.ConclusionsThe direct effect of physical inactivity induced obesity on periodontitis was higher than the indirect effect of obesity on periodontitis through dental visiting behavior. Establishing a pathway of causal relationship for obesity and periodontitis could help in developing management strategies that focuses on mediators.