bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Balance Study of the Engineered Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide, WLBU2, Following a Single Intravenous Dose of 14C-WLBU2 in Mice
Authors: Beumer Jan H. , Guo Jianxia , Ray Evan C. , Scemama Jonas , Parise Robert A. , Deslouches Berthony , Steckbeck Jonathan D. , Montelaro Ronald C. , Eiseman Julie L. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
To address multidrug resistance, we developed engineered Cationic Antimicrobial
Peptides (eCAPs). Lead eCAP WLBU2 displays potent activity against drug-resistant
bacteria and effectively treats lethal bacterial infections in mice, reducing bacterial loads to undetectable
levels in diverse organs.

Objective:
To support development of WLBU2, we conducted a mass balance study.

Methods:
CD1 mice were administered 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/kg of QDx5 WLBU2 or a single dose
of [14C]-WLBU2 at 15 mg/kg IV. Tolerability, tissue distribution and excretion were evaluated
with liquid scintillation and HPLC-radiochromatography.

Results:
The maximum tolerated dose of WLBU2 is 20 mg/kg IV. We could account for greater
than >96% of the radioactivity distributed within mouse tissues at 5 and 15 min. By 24h, only
~40-50% of radioactivity remained in the mice. The greatest % of the dose was present in liver, accounting
for ~35% of radioactivity at 5 and 15 min, and ~ 8% of radioactivity remained at 24h.
High radioactivity was also present in kidneys, plasma, red blood cells and lungs, while less than
0.2% of radioactivity was present in brain, fat, or skeletal muscle. Urinary and fecal excretion accounted
for 12.5 and 2.2% of radioactivity at 24h.

Conclusion:
WLBU2 distributes widely to mouse tissues and is rapidly cleared with a terminal radioactivity
half-life of 22 h, a clearance of 27.4 mL/h/kg, and a distribution volume of 0.94 L/kg.
At 2-100 μg-eq/g, the concentrations of 14C-WLBU2 appear high enough in the tissues to account
for the inhibition of microbial growth.
Emerging Technologies With Potential Care and Support Applications for Older People: Review of Gray Literature
Authors: Abdi Sarah , de Witte Luc , Hawley Mark 
Published: August 2020

Background
The number of older people with unmet care and support needs is increasing substantially due to the challenges facing the formal and informal care systems. Emerging technological developments have the potential to address some of the care and support challenges of older people. However, limited work has been done to identify emerging technological developments with the potential to meet the care and support needs of the aging population.

Objective
This review aimed to gain an overview of emerging technologies with potential care and support applications for older people, particularly for those living at home.

Methods
A scoping gray literature review was carried out by using the databases of 13 key organizations, hand searching reference lists of included documents, using funding data, and consulting technology experts. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze and summarize the findings of the literature review.

Results
A total of 39 documents were included in the final analysis. From the analysis, 8 emerging technologies were identified that could potentially be used to meet older people’s needs in various care and support domains. These emerging technologies were (1) assistive autonomous robots; (2) self-driving vehicles; (3) artificial intelligence–enabled health smart apps and wearables; (4) new drug release mechanisms; (5) portable diagnostics; (6) voice-activated devices; (7) virtual, augmented, and mixed reality; and (8) intelligent homes. These emerging technologies were at different levels of development, with some being trialed for care applications, whereas others being in the early phases of development. However, only a few documents mentioned including older people during the process of designing and developing these technologies.

Conclusions
This review has identified key emerging technologies with the potential to contribute to the support and care needs of older people. However, to increase the adoption of these technologies by older people, there is a need to involve them and other stakeholders, such as formal and informal carers, in the process of designing and developing these technologies.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Protocol for Patient-Centered Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Abou El-Magd Rabab M , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , Adu Medard K , Lachowski Christopher , Duddumpudi Surekha , Lawal Mobolaji A , Sapara Adegboyega O , Achor Michael , Kouzehgaran Maryam , Hegde Roshan , Chew Corina , Mach Mike , Daubert Shelley , Urichuk Liana , Snaterse Mark , Surood Shireen , Li Daniel , Greenshaw Andrew , Agyapong Vincent Israel Opoku 
Published: August 2020

Background
Major depression is a severe, disabling, and potentially lethal clinical disorder. Only about half of patients respond to an initial course of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. At least 15% of all patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remain refractory to any treatment intervention. By the time that a patient has experienced 3 definitive treatment failures, the likelihood of achieving remission with the fourth treatment option offered is below 10%. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a treatment option for patients with MDD who are refractory to antidepressant treatment. It is not currently known if the addition of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) enhances patients’ responses to rTMS treatments.

Objective
This study will evaluate the initial comparative clinical effectiveness of rTMS with and without iCBT as an innovative patient-centered intervention for the treatment of participants diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods
This study is a prospective, two-arm randomized controlled trial. In total, 100 participants diagnosed with resistant depression at a psychiatric care clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, will be randomized to one of two conditions: (1) enrolment in rTMS sessions alone and (2) enrolment in the rTMS sessions plus iCBT. Participants in each group will complete evaluation measures (eg, recovery, general symptomatology, and functional outcomes) at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change to scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patient service utilization data and clinician-rated measures will also be used to gauge patient progress. Patient data will be analyzed with descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and correlational analyses.

Results
We expect the results of the study to be available in 24 months. We hypothesize that participants enrolled in the study who receive rTMS plus iCBT will achieve superior outcomes in comparison to participants who receive rTMS alone.

Conclusions
The concomitant application of psychotherapy with rTMS has not been investigated previously. We hope that this project will provide us with a concrete base of data to evaluate the practical application and efficacy of using a novel combination of these two treatment modalities (rTMS plus iCBT).

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0423965; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04239651

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/18843
Patient Portal Functionalities and Patient Outcomes Among Patients With Diabetes: Systematic Review
Authors: Alturkistani Abrar , Qavi Ambar , Anyanwu Philip Emeka , Greenfield Geva , Greaves Felix , Costelloe Ceire 
Published: August 2020

Background
Patient portal use could help improve the care and health outcomes of patients with diabetes owing to functionalities, such as appointment booking, electronic messaging (e-messaging), and repeat prescription ordering, which enable patient-centered care and improve patient self-management of the disease.

Objective
This review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding patient portal use (portals that are connected to electronic health care records) or patient portal functionality use (eg, appointment booking and e-messaging) and their reported associations with health and health care quality outcomes among adult patients with diabetes.

Methods
We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases and reported the review methodology using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and two reviewers assessed the full texts of relevant studies and performed data extraction and quality assessments of the included studies. We used the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Study Quality Assessment Tool to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Data were summarized through narrative synthesis.

Results
Twelve studies were included in this review. Five studies reported overall patient portal use and its association with diabetes health and health care quality outcomes. Six studies reported e-messaging or email use–associated outcomes, and two studies reported prescription refill–associated outcomes. The reported health outcomes included the associations of patient portal use with blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI. Few studies reported health care utilization outcomes such as office visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. A limited number of studies reported overall quality of care for patients with diabetes who used patient portals.

Conclusions
The included studies mostly reported improved glycemic control outcomes for patients with diabetes who used patient portals. However, limitations of studying the effects of patient portals exist, which do not guarantee whether the outcomes reported are completely the result of patient portal use or if confounding factors exist. Randomized controlled trials and mixed-methods studies could help understand the mechanisms involved in health outcome improvements and patient portal use among patients with diabetes.

Trial Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42019141131; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019141131.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/14975
The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Shauly Orr , Stone Gregory , Gould Daniel 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic.ObjectiveThis study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020.ResultsA total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (P<.001) and men and women (P<.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.ConclusionsThough many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.
Comparing Web-Based Platforms for Promoting HIV Self-Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake in High-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Lemley Shea M , Klausner Jeffrey D , Young Sean D , Stafylis Chrysovalantis , Mulatya Caroline , Oden Neal , Xie Haiyi , Revoredo Leslie , Shmueli-Blumberg Dikla , Hichborn Emily , McKelle Erin , Moran Landhing , Jacobs Petra , Marsch Lisa A 
Published: August 2020

Background
The majority of those living with HIV in the United States are men who have sex with men (MSM), and young, minority MSM account for more new HIV infections than any other group. HIV transmission can be reduced through detection and early treatment initiation or by starting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but rates of testing are lower than recommended among MSM, and PrEP uptake has been slow. Although promoting HIV testing and PrEP uptake by placing advertisements on web-based platforms — such as social media websites and dating apps — is a promising approach for promoting HIV testing and PrEP, the relative effectiveness of HIV prevention advertising on common web-based platforms is underexamined.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the relative effectiveness of advertisements placed on 3 types of web-based platforms (social media websites, dating apps, and informational websites) for promoting HIV self-testing and PrEP uptake.

Methods
Advertisements will be placed on social media websites (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), dating apps (Grindr, Jack’d, and Hornet), and informational search websites (Google, Yahoo, and Bing) to recruit approximately 400 young (18-30 years old), minority (Black or Latino) MSM at elevated risk of HIV exposure. Recruitment will occur in 3 waves, with each wave running advertisements on 1 website from each type of platform. The number of participants per platform is not prespecified, and recruitment in each wave will occur until approximately 133 HIV self-tests are ordered. Participants will complete a baseline survey assessing risk behavior, substance use, psychological readiness to test, and attitudes and then receive an electronic code to order a free home-based HIV self-test kit. Two follow-ups are planned to assess HIV self-test results and PrEP uptake.

Results
Recruitment was completed in July 2020.

Conclusions
Findings may improve our understanding of how the platform users’ receptivity to test for HIV differs across web-based platforms and thus may assist in facilitating web-based HIV prevention campaigns.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04155502; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04155502

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/20417
COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Predicted Uptake in the Netherlands Based on a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Jonker Marcel , de Bekker-Grob Esther , Veldwijk Jorien , Goossens Lucas , Bour Sterre , Rutten-Van Mölken Maureen 
Published: August 2020

Background
Smartphone-based contact tracing apps can contribute to reducing COVID-19 transmission rates and thereby support countries emerging from lockdowns as restrictions are gradually eased.

Objective
The primary objective of our study is to determine the potential uptake of a contact tracing app in the Dutch population, depending on the characteristics of the app.

Methods
A discrete choice experiment was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 900 Dutch respondents. Simulated maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate population average and individual-level preferences using a mixed logit model specification. Individual-level uptake probabilities were calculated based on the individual-level preference estimates and subsequently aggregated into the sample as well as subgroup-specific contact tracing app adoption rates.

Results
The predicted app adoption rates ranged from 59.3% to 65.7% for the worst and best possible contact tracing app, respectively. The most realistic contact tracing app had a predicted adoption of 64.1%. The predicted adoption rates strongly varied by age group. For example, the adoption rates of the most realistic app ranged from 45.6% to 79.4% for people in the oldest and youngest age groups (ie, ≥75 years vs 15-34 years), respectively. Educational attainment, the presence of serious underlying health conditions, and the respondents’ stance on COVID-19 infection risks were also correlated with the predicted adoption rates but to a lesser extent.

Conclusions
A secure and privacy-respecting contact tracing app with the most realistic characteristics can obtain an adoption rate as high as 64% in the Netherlands. This exceeds the target uptake of 60% that has been formulated by the Dutch government. The main challenge will be to increase the uptake among older adults, who are least inclined to install and use a COVID-19 contact tracing app.
KETAHANAN HIDUP PASIEN KANKER SERVIKS BERDASARKAN STADIUM KANKER
Authors: Zubaidah Zubaidah , Sitorus Rico Januar , Flora Rostika 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Background : Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy of the reproductive system and causes many deaths in women. One of the prognostic factors causing cervical cancer death is clinical stage. The purpose of this research is to determine the probability of 3-year survival of cervical cancer patients based on the stage of cancer.Methods : An analytical study with a retrospective cohort design using 274 medical records of cervical cancer patients for the period 2014-2016 in the Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang. Each patient's data was followed by its development for 3 years, starting from the time the patient was first diagnosed with cervical cancer and determined the stage of cancer (clinical staging).Results : This study found that the probability of survival for 3 years for stage I was around 80%, stage II was around 70%, stage III was around 60%, and stage IV was around 40%. The median survival for stage IV is 24 months.Conclusion : This research proves that the earlier the stage of cancer, the 3-year survival will increase.Keywords: cervical cancer, stage, survival

ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit keganasan sistem reproduksi paling umum dan banyak menyebabkan kematian pada wanita. Salah satu faktor prognostik penyebab kematian kanker serviks adalah stadium kanker. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 tahun pasien kanker serviks berdasarkan stadium kanker.
Metode : Studi analitik dengan desain kohort retrospektif dengan menggunakan 274 catatan rekam medis pasien kanker serviks periode tahun 2014-2016 di RSUP. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Masing- masing data pasien tersebut diikuti perkembangannya selama 3 tahun, dimulai sejak pasien pertama kali didiagnosis kanker serviks dan ditetapkan stadium kankernya (clinical staging).
Hasil : Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 tahun untuk stadium I sekitar 80%, stadium II sekitar 70%, stadium III sekitar 60%, dan stadium IV sekitar 40%. Median ketahanan hidup untuk stadium IV adalah 24 bulan.
Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa semakin awal stadium kanker serviks maka ketahanan hidup 3 tahun akan semakin meningkat.
Kata Kunci : kanker serviks, stadium, ketahanan hidup
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR KADAR KLOROFIL DAUN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRANSMISI CAHAYA
Authors: Rido Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

Telah dibuat rancang bangun alat ukur kadar klorofil daun karet (Hevea brasiliensis) menggunakan metode transmisi cahaya. Alat ukur dirancang menggunakan sistem kontrol Arduino Mega 2560. Arduino akan mengontrol semua kinerja alat ukur kadar klorofil yang terdiri dari sensor warna TCS3200, layar, button control, SD Card, dan RTC. Metode pengukuran kadar klorofil menggunakan metode transmisi cahaya dari sumber LED RGB yang ditembakkan pada daun karet dan kemudian hasil cahaya transmisi dari daun karet ditangkap oleh sensor warna TCS3200. Ouput dari sensor warna yaitu berupa frekuensi gelombang kotak yang dikonversi menjadi nilai RGB dan kemudian dikonversi lagi menjadi kadar klorofil. Alat ukur hasil rancang bangun memiliki akurasi sebesar 85,50% dan memiliki keofesien relasi antara klorofil aktual dengan klorofil model sebesar 81,06%.
Kata Kunci: Daun Karet, Klorofil, Arduino Mega 2560, Sensor Warna TCS3200, Transmisi Cahaya
Hematological parameters in oreochromis niloticus cultivated in tropical conditions in experimental farm Santo Domingo of University of Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Galindo Peña Leidy Vanessa , Pérez Cuervo Frey David , Murcia Ordoñez Betselene , Chaves Moreno Luis Carlos , Martínez Moyano Edgar , Poche Ceballos Alba Miriam , Hernández Sánchez José Heli 
Published: August 2020

Se evaluaron los parámetros hematológicos en la especie Oreochromis niloticus, con peso entre los 120 y 375 g, donde se incluyeron estándares químicos del agua (T°, pH y OD), la morfometría y el diagnóstico hematológico, realizados en la Granja Experimental Santo Domingo de la Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia- Caquetá-Colombia. Se utilizó un muestreo dirigido y completamente al azar de 32 individuos, la sangre fue extraída por punción cardiaca y colocada en tubos Eppendorf con EDTA. Los frotis sanguíneos se tiñeron con coloración Ema color tinción para su análisis en laboratorio. Se aplicó el InfoStat como método estadístico para el análisis de las variables a medir. Se encontró un total de leucocitos de 1,11 celx105 /mm3 , predominando los neutrófilos con 49,3% seguido de linfocitos con 38,8%, monocitos con 5,9%, eosinófilos con 4,3%, basófilos con 1,7 % y trombocitos con 63,8 % como serie independiente. Para la serie roja se encontró un promedio de eritrocitos de 1,5 celx106 /mm3 , hemoglobina de 7.9 g/dL; hematocrito de 23.3%, proteínas plasmáticas 3,3 g/dL, volumen corpuscular medio 165 (u3 ), hemoglobina corpuscular media 55 (uug) y concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media de 33.3%. Como conclusión se determinó que algunos individuos presentaron Leucopenia con Linfopenia y trombocitosis. Además, dos individuos presentaron Anemia Microcítica Normocrómica (AMN) y 19 individuos presentaron Anemia Normocitica Normocrómica (ANN). El análisis de Proteínas Totales del Plasma (PPT) determinó que la alta tasa de mortalidad no fue por deficiencia nutricional. Se presentó una similitud positiva entre el VCM y HCM, y de forma negativa con el número total de eritrocitos.
The Higher Moments of Future Earnings
Authors: Chang Woo-Jin , Monahan Steven J. , Ouazad Amine , Vasvari Florin P. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We evaluate whether reported accounting numbers are informative about earnings uncertainty and whether earnings uncertainty is priced. We use quantile regressions to forecast the standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of future earnings. These three moments are important measures of earnings uncertainty because they reflect the size of the average deviation from expected earnings and the amount of extreme upside potential, extreme downside risk, or both. We develop a novel approach for evaluating the reliability of our forecasts and we show that they are reliable. We also document that: (1) equity prices are increasing (decreasing) in the standard deviation and skewness (kurtosis) of lead return on equity and (2) credit spreads are increasing (decreasing) in the standard deviation and kurtosis (skewness) of lead return on assets. Our results indicate that historical financial statements are informative about earnings uncertainty and that earnings uncertainty is priced.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: C21; C53; G17; M41.