bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Tinnitus and Association with Self-Rated Health among Military Personnel Injured on Combat Deployment
Authors: MacGregor Andrew J , Joseph Antony R , Dougherty Amber L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTinnitus is an auditory problem frequently reported by military personnel and is currently responsible for 1 billion dollars annually in disability compensation. Recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan saw high levels of combat exposure coupled with a surge in blast weaponry, both of which can adversely affect hearing. The present study explored the prevalence of tinnitus and the association with self-rated health among military personnel injured during combat deployment.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,026 U.S. military personnel who sustained an injury during operations (592 battle blast, 73 battle nonblast, 361 nonbattle) in Iraq were identified from clinical records. Post-Deployment Health Assessments administered at two separate points in time were used to identify self-reported tinnitus symptoms and self-rated health within 1 year of injury.ResultsThose with a battle blast injury had the highest prevalence of tinnitus with 19.1% and 31.3% on the first and second health assessments, respectively. In a multivariate model adjusting for combat exposure, concussion, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other covariates, tinnitus was associated with lower self-rated health for both the first (odds ratio [OR] = 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.07–5.30, P &lt; 0.001) and second assessments (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.76–3.61, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsTinnitus is a common source of impairment among military personnel injured during combat deployment and is associated with poorer self-rated health. Future research should determine whether timing of assessment is linked to symptom recognition or reporting, and what interventions are best suited for ameliorating the negative impact of tinnitus.
The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys
Authors: Hartley W G , Chang C , Samani S , Carnero Rosell A , Davis T M , Hoyle B , Gruen D , Asorey J , Gschwend J , Lidman C , Kuehn K , King A , Rau M M , Wechsler R H , DeRose J , Hinton S R , Whiteway L , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Bernstein G M , Bertin E , Bridle S L , Brooks D , Burke D L , Kind M Carrasco , Carretero J , Castander F J , Cawthon R , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kent S , Krause E , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Roodman A , Rykoff E S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Troxel M A , Tucker D L , Varga T N , Weller J , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Obtaining accurate distributions of galaxy redshifts is a critical aspect of weak lensing cosmology experiments. One of the methods used to estimate and validate redshift distributions is to apply weights to a spectroscopic sample, so that their weighted photometry distribution matches the target sample. In this work, we estimate the selection bias in redshift that is introduced in this procedure. We do so by simulating the process of assembling a spectroscopic sample (including observer-assigned confidence flags) and highlight the impacts of spectroscopic target selection and redshift failures. We use the first year (Y1) weak lensing analysis in Dark Energy Survey (DES) as an example data set but the implications generalize to all similar weak lensing surveys. We find that using colour cuts that are not available to the weak lensing galaxies can introduce biases of up to Δz ∼ 0.04 in the weighted mean redshift of different redshift intervals (Δz ∼ 0.015 in the case most relevant to DES). To assess the impact of incompleteness in spectroscopic samples, we select only objects with high observer-defined confidence flags and compare the weighted mean redshift with the true mean. We find that the mean redshift of the DES Y1 weak lensing sample is typically biased at the Δz = 0.005−0.05 level after the weighting is applied. The bias we uncover can have either sign, depending on the samples and redshift interval considered. For the highest redshift bin, the bias is larger than the uncertainties in the other DES Y1 redshift calibration methods, justifying the decision of not using this method for the redshift estimations. We discuss several methods to mitigate this bias.
Weak lensing of Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Macaulay E , Bacon D , Nichol R C , Davis T M , Elvin-Poole J , Brout D , Carollo D , Glazebrook K , Hinton S R , Lewis G F , Lidman C , Möller A , Sako M , Scolnic D , Smith M , Sommer N E , Tucker B E , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Annis J , Avila S , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Flaugher B , Foley R J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Huterer D , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Palmese A , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Varga T N , Walker A R , Weller J ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We consider the effects of weak gravitational lensing on observations of 196 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from years 1 to 3 of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We simultaneously measure both the angular correlation function and the non-Gaussian skewness caused by weak lensing. This approach has the advantage of being insensitive to the intrinsic dispersion of SNe Ia magnitudes. We model the amplitude of both effects as a function of σ8, and find σ8 =1.2$^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$. We also apply our method to a subsample of 488 SNe from the Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA; chosen to match the redshift range we use for this work), and find σ8 =0.8$^{+1.1}_{-0.7}$. The comparable uncertainty in σ8 between DES–SN and the larger number of SNe from JLA highlights the benefits of homogeneity of the DES–SN sample, and improvements in the calibration and data analysis.
Quantification of the expected residual dispersion of the MICADO Near-IR imaging instrument
Authors: van den Born J A , Jellema W 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
MICADO, a near-infrared imager for the Extremely Large Telescope, is being designed to deliver diffraction limited imaging and 50 microarcsecond (μas) astrometric accuracy. MICADO employs an atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) to keep the chromatic elongation of the point spread function (PSF) under control. We must understand the dispersion and residuals after correction to reach the optimum performance. Therefore, we identified several sources of chromatic dispersion that need to be considered for the MICADO ADC. First, we compared common models of atmospheric dispersion to investigate whether these models remain suitable for MICADO. We showed that the differential dispersion between common atmospheric models and integration over the full atmosphere is less than 10 μas for most observations in H band. We then performed an error propagation analysis to understand the uncertainty in the atmospheric dispersion as a function of atmospheric conditions. In addition, we investigated the impact of photometric colour on the astrometric performance. While the differential refraction between stars within the same field of view can be significant, the inclusion of an ADC rendered this effect negligible. For MICADO specifically, we found that the current optomechanical design dominates the residual dispersion budget of 0.4 milliarcseconds (mas), with a contribution of 0.31 mas due to the positioning accuracy of the prisms and up to 0.15 mas due to a mismatch between the dispersive properties of the glass and the atmosphere. We found no showstoppers in the design of the MICADO ADC for achieving 50 μas relative astrometric accuracy.
ExoMol line lists – XXXIX. Ro-vibrational molecular line list for CO2
Authors: Yurchenko S N , Mellor Thomas M , Freedman Richard S , Tennyson J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
A new hot line list for the main isotopologue of CO2, 12C16O2 is presented. The line list consists of almost 2.5 billion transitions between 3.5 million rotation-vibration states of CO2 in its ground electronic state, covering the wavenumber range 0–20 000 cm−1 (λ &gt; 0.5 µm) with the upper and lower energy thresholds of 36 000 cm−1 and 16 000 cm−1, respectively. The ro-vibrational energies and wavefunctions are computed variationally using the accurate empirical potential energy surface Ames-2. The ro-vibrational transition probabilities in the form of Einstein coefficients are computed using an accurate ab initio dipole moment surface with variational program TROVE. A new implementation of TROVE which uses an exact nuclear-motion kinetic energy operator is employed. Comparisons with the existing hot line lists are presented. The line list should be useful for atmospheric retrievals of exoplanets and cool stars. The UCL-4000 line list is available from the CDS and ExoMol data bases.
Detecting Signatures of Positive Selection against a Backdrop of Compensatory Processes
Authors: Chi Peter B , Kosater Westin M , Liberles David A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are known limitations in methods of detecting positive selection. Common methods do not enable differentiation between positive selection and compensatory covariation, a major limitation. Further, the traditional method of calculating the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) does not take into account the 3D structure of biomacromolecules nor differences between amino acids. It also does not account for saturation of synonymous mutations (dS) over long evolutionary time that renders codon-based methods ineffective for older divergences. This work aims to address these shortcomings for detecting positive selection through the development of a statistical model that examines clusters of substitutions in clusters of variable radii. Additionally, it uses a parametric bootstrapping approach to differentiate positive selection from compensatory processes. A previously reported case of positive selection in the leptin protein of primates was reexamined using this methodology.
Effects of vitrification and the superovulated environment on placental function and fetal growth in an IVF mouse model
Authors: Roeca C , Silva E , Barentsen C , Powell T L , Jansson T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In studies of human IVF, as compared to frozen embryo transfer (ET), fresh ET is associated with smaller infants and higher risk of small for gestational age infants. Recent observations suggest that ET using vitrified embryos is associated with higher pregnancy and live birth rates compared to fresh ET, but increased rates of large for gestational age infants. The mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, and available evidence suggests that the influence of IVF, vitrification and the superovulated (SO) uterine environment on placental function and fetal growth is complex. This warrants further investigation given the prevalent practice in human IVF of both fresh ET into a SO uterine environment, and vitrification with ET into a more physiologic uterine environment. Using a mouse model that closely resembles human IVF, we investigated if vitrification of IVF embryos better preserves placental function and results in better pregnancy outcomes as compared to fresh ET because of transfer into a more physiologic endometrium. We found that the SO environment, independent of vitrification status, reduced implantation rates, inhibited placental mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and induced placental stress signaling, resulting in fetal growth restriction (1.080 ± 0.05 g estrous fresh (n = 17 litters), 1.176 ± 0.05 g estrous vitrified (n = 12), 0.771 ± 0.06 g SO fresh (n = 15), 0.895 ± 0.08 g SO vitrified (n = 10), P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, our study suggests that vitrification impairs the developmental potential of IVF blastocysts that resulted in a significantly smaller litter size (2.6 ± 2.3 fresh estrous vs 2.5 ± 2.4 fresh SO vs 1.6 ± 1.7 estrous vitrified vs 1.7 ± 1.8 SO vitrified, P = 0.019), with no effect on fetal growth or placental function at term. Our findings suggest that vitrification may negatively impact early embryonic viability, while the SO maternal uterine environment impairs both placental development and fetal growth in IVF.
Stable hooks: biomechanics of heteromorph ammonoids with U-shaped body chambers
Authors: Peterman David J , Shell Ryan , Ciampaglio Charles N , Yacobucci Margaret M 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe biomechanics of uncoiled heteromorph ammonoids with body chambers that terminate in U-shaped hooks (ancylocones) were investigated with virtual and physical models of Audouliceras renauxianum. Virtual models were used to compute the hydrostatic properties of this morphotype. Audouliceras has the capacity for neutral buoyancy and this suggests that other taxa with similar proportions had this ability as well. Hydrostatic stability gradually increases during ontogeny, coincident with the larger degree of uncoiling. The juvenile planispiral stage has a similar stability and apertural orientation to the extant Nautilus. The adult stage, however, undergoes an increase in stability by a factor of over 3, while assuming an upward-facing posture. Counterintuitively, the stage during the formation of the shaft (before the growth of the U-shaped hook) is oriented horizontally. This intermediate stage would have had poor horizontal mobility due to the positioning of the hyponome below the centre of mass. The juvenile planispiral stage and mature stage, however, would have been well suited to horizontal backward movement with minimal rocking. Ancylocones are generally thought of as quasiplanktic vertical migrants. Thus, their relative horizontal swimming ability has been largely disregarded. Experiments on 3D printed, neutrally buoyant physical models reveal that hydrodynamic drag is indeed larger compared to Nautilus. However, Audouliceras could reach similar maximum horizontal velocities depending on the available thrust. Sepia-like thrusts yield velocities similar to equivalently sized Nautilus (c. 15 cm/s), while Nautilus-like thrusts yield velocities not much lower (c. 11 cm/s). Due to the hydrostatic properties of the ancylocone, the adult model undergoes less rocking (±4.5°) during movement than Nautilus (±10°). The minimal hydrodynamic consequences for ancylocones suggest that stability, orientation and directional efficiency are key selective pressures for some heteromorph shells, which may have primarily served as hydrostatic devices.
Resolving Toxic DNA repair intermediates in every E. coli replication cycle: critical roles for RecG, Uup and RadD
Authors: Romero Zachary J , Chen Stefanie H , Armstrong Thomas , Wood Elizabeth A , van Oijen Antoine , Robinson Andrew , Cox Michael M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA lesions or other barriers frequently compromise replisome progress. The SF2 helicase RecG is a key enzyme in the processing of postreplication gaps or regressed forks in Escherichia coli. A deletion of the recG gene renders cells highly sensitive to a range of DNA damaging agents. Here, we demonstrate that RecG function is at least partially complemented by another SF2 helicase, RadD. A ΔrecGΔradD double mutant exhibits an almost complete growth defect, even in the absence of stress. Suppressors appear quickly, primarily mutations that compromise priA helicase function or recA promoter mutations that reduce recA expression. Deletions of uup (encoding the UvrA-like ABC system Uup), recO, or recF also suppress the ΔrecGΔradD growth phenotype. RadD and RecG appear to avoid toxic situations in DNA metabolism, either resolving or preventing the appearance of DNA repair intermediates produced by RecA or RecA-independent template switching at stalled forks or postreplication gaps. Barriers to replisome progress that require intervention by RadD or RecG occur in virtually every replication cycle. The results highlight the importance of the RadD protein for general chromosome maintenance and repair. They also implicate Uup as a new modulator of RecG function.
Switching the activity of Taq polymerase using clamp-like triplex aptamer structure
Authors: Hu Yingxin , Wang Zhiyu , Chen Zhekun , Pan Linqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In nature, allostery is the principal approach for regulating cellular processes and pathways. Inspired by nature, structure-switching aptamer-based nanodevices are widely used in artificial biotechnologies. However, the canonical aptamer structures in the nanodevices usually adopt a duplex form, which limits the flexibility and controllability. Here, a new regulating strategy based on a clamp-like triplex aptamer structure (CLTAS) was proposed for switching DNA polymerase activity via conformational changes. It was demonstrated that the polymerase activity could be regulated by either adjusting structure parameters or dynamic reactions including strand displacement or enzymatic digestion. Compared with the duplex aptamer structure, the CLTAS possesses programmability, excellent affinity and high discrimination efficiency. The CLTAS was successfully applied to distinguish single-base mismatches. The strategy expands the application scope of triplex structures and shows potential in biosensing and programmable nanomachines.
Emerging immunotherapies for malignant glioma: from immunogenomics to cell therapy
Authors: Dunn Gavin P , Cloughesy Timothy F , Maus Marcela V , Prins Robert M , Reardon David A , Sonabend Adam M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs immunotherapy assumes a central role in the management of many cancers, ongoing work is directed at understanding whether immune-based treatments will be successful in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Despite several large studies conducted in the last several years, there remain no FDA-approved immunotherapies in this patient population. Nevertheless, there are a range of exciting new approaches being applied to GBM, all of which may not only allow us to develop new treatments but also help us understand fundamental features of the immune response in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize new developments in the application of immune checkpoint blockade, from biomarker-driven patient selection to the timing of treatment. Moreover, we summarize novel work in personalized immune-oncology by reviewing work in cancer immunogenomics–driven neoantigen vaccine studies. Finally, we discuss cell therapy efforts by reviewing the current state of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
Smoking Prevalence and COVID-19 in Europe
Authors: Tsigaris Panagiotis , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
This ecological study investigates the association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence and mortality in 38 European nations as of May 30, 2020.

Methods
Data were collected from Our World in Data. Regression analysis was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors such as economic activity (gross domestic product), the rate of COVID-19 testing, and the stringency of COVID-19 control policies.

Results
There was a statistically significant negative association between smoking prevalence and the prevalence of COVID-19 across the 38 European nations after controlling for confounding factors (p = 0.001). A strong association was found between the prevalence of COVID-19 per million people and economic activity (p = 0.002) and the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0006). Nations with stricter policy enactment showed fewer COVID-19 cases per million people, but the association was not significant (p = 0.122). Delaying policy enactment was associated with a greater prevalence of COVID-19 (p = 0.0535). Evidence of a direct association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality was not found (p = 0.626). There was a strong positive association between COVID-19 mortality rate and the prevalence of COVID-19 cases (p &lt; 0.0001) as well as the proportion of the population over 65 years of age (p = 0.0034) and a negative association with the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0023).

Conclusions
We found a negative association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence at the population level in 38 European countries. This association may not imply a true or causal relationship, and smoking is not advocated as a prevention or treatment of COVID-19.

Implications
Given the evidence of this ecological study, and of several other studies that found an underrepresentation of smoking prevalence in hospitalized cases, it may be worth examining, in laboratory experiments and controlled human trials, if nicotine offers any protection against COVID-19. Most importantly, to date, no study, including this one, supports the view that smoking acts as a treatment intervention or prophylaxis to reduce the impact or ameliorate the negative health impacts of COVID-19.
A call to action to address COVID-19–induced global food insecurity to prevent hunger, malnutrition, and eating pathology
Authors: Paslakis Georgios , Dimitropoulos Gina , Katzman Debra K 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to food shortages, increased food prices, and loss of income. As a result, global food insecurity alerts have been issued. The pandemic threatens millions of children and adolescents and their families currently living with or at risk for development of food insecurity. The lack of consistent access to nutritious food sources is associated with chronic physical and mental health problems and death. Studies on food insecurity and eating pathology have heightened our concern about the impact the added effect of the pandemic may have on eating behaviors of children and adolescents. Here, we want to draw attention to the need for making food security and healthy eating attitudes and behaviors a global priority during the COVID-19 pandemic to guarantee the current and future health and well-being of our children and adolescents.
Summary of the 9th Life Science Symposium: integration of nutrition and exercise sciences
Authors: Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Life Science Symposium held by the Nutrition Research Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Japan in 2018, “Fusion of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences Leading to Extension of Healthy Life Expectancy,” covered current topics in the science of nutrition and exercise to address extending healthy life expectancy. Presentation topics included (1) lifestyle and gut microbiota; (2) how to use lipids in sports nutrition; (3) the effect and molecular mechanism of improvement of arteriosclerosis by exercise and nutrition; (4) physical activity and nutrition that support brain function; (5) skeletal muscles and food ingredients that support healthy longevity; (6) measures against sarcopenia by exercise and nutrient intake; (7) physical activity/exercise for disease prevention; (8) nutritional epidemiology research for the Japanese population; (9) new developments in health science in viewed from nutrition and intestinal flora; (10) why do Asians develop nonobese metabolic disease?; and (11) social implementation of the health promotion program by ILSI Japan. The speakers emphasized the promotion of research on exercise and nutrition interactions and encouraged social implementation of the research results in public and private sectors.