bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental analysis of the end-notched flexure composite laminates beams with elastic couplings
Authors: Rzeczkowski Jakub 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study of the composite beams with elastic couplings subjected to the end-notched flexure (ENF) test. The object of research were carbon/epoxy composite laminates with specific stacking sequences exhibiting the bending–extension and the bending–twisting couplings. In addition, multidirectional laminates with different delamination interfaces were tested. Influence of elastic coupling phenomena on behavior of laminates subjected to the bending moment as well as on fracture toughness and delamination surfaces after the ENF tests was discussed. All experiments were performed according to the ASTM D7905 Standard. Determination of crack initiation was supported by the acoustic emission technique. Data analysis of the ENF test was performed by using both the direct beam theory and the corrected beam theory. Results obtained by using the classical data reduction schemes were compared with the compliance-based beam method (CBBM). Greater values of the fracture toughness obtained by using the non-standardized methods can be explained by the effect of the fracture process zone which was taken into account in the CBBM calculation scheme. Delamination surfaces of coupled laminates after the ENF tests were investigated by using the scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that the effect of elastic couplings might influenced on intense bridging phenomena, more extensive fracture process zone and contribution of the mode III in total delamination resistance. Nevertheless, application of the standardized ENF procedure to determination of the fracture toughness of laminates exhibiting elastic couplings is still possible, provided assistance of additional data reduction schemes and techniques or numerical analysis.
A priori tests of eddy viscosity models in square duct flow
Authors: Modesti Davide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe carry out a priori tests of linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity models using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of square duct flow up to friction Reynolds number$${\text {Re}}_\tau =1055$$Reτ=1055. We focus on the ability of eddy viscosity models to reproduce the anisotropic Reynolds stress tensor components$$a_{ij}$$aijresponsible for turbulent secondary flows, namely the normal stress$$a_{22}$$a22and the secondary shear stress$$a_{23}$$a23. A priori tests on constitutive relations for$$a_{ij}$$aijare performed using the tensor polynomial expansion of Pope (J Fluid Mech 72:331–340, 1975), whereby one tensor base corresponds to the linear eddy viscosity hypothesis and five bases return exact representation of$$a_{ij}$$aij. We show that the bases subset has an important effect on the accuracy of the stresses and the best results are obtained when using tensor bases which contain both the strain rate and the rotation rate. Models performance is quantified using the mean correlation coefficient with respect to DNS data$${\widetilde{C}}_{ij}$$C~ij, which shows that the linear eddy viscosity hypothesis always returns very accurate values of the primary shear stress$$a_{12}$$a12($${\widetilde{C}}_{12}>0.99$$C~12>0.99), whereas two bases are sufficient to achieve good accuracy of the normal stress and secondary shear stress ($${\widetilde{C}}_{22}=0.911$$C~22=0.911,$${\widetilde{C}}_{23}=0.743$$C~23=0.743). Unfortunately, RANS models rely on additional assumptions and a priori analysis carried out on popular models, includingk–$$\varepsilon $$εand$$v^2$$v2–f, reveals that none of them achieves ideal accuracy. The only model based on Pope’s expansion which approaches ideal performance is the quadratic correction of Spalart (Int J Heat Fluid Flow 21:252–263, 2000), which has similar accuracy to models using four or more tensor bases. Nevertheless, the best results are obtained when using the linear correction to the$$v^2$$v2–fmodel developed by Pecnik and Iaccarino (AIAA Paper 2008-3852, 2008), although this is not built on the canonical tensor polynomial as the other models.
Higher satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty using restricted inverse kinematic alignment compared to adjusted mechanical alignment
Authors: Winnock de Grave Philip , Luyckx Thomas , Claeys Kurt , Tampere Thomas , Kellens Jonas , Müller Jacobus , Gunst Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Various alignment philosophies for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been described, all striving to achieve excellent long-term implant survival and good functional outcomes. In recent years, in search of higher functionality and patient satisfaction, a shift towards more tailored and patient-specific alignment is seen. The purpose of this study was to describe a restricted ‘inverse kinematic alignment’ (iKA) technique, and to compare clinical outcomes of patients that underwent robotic-assisted TKA performed by restricted iKA vs. adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA).

Methods
The authors reviewed the records of a consecutive series of patients that received robotic-assisted TKA with restricted iKA (n = 40) and with aMA (n = 40). Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and satisfaction on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were collected at a follow-up of 12 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds, and uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations of OKS and satisfaction with six variables (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), preoperative hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle, preoperative OKS, alignment technique).

Results
The restricted iKA and aMA techniques yielded comparable outcome scores (p = 0.069), with OKS, respectively, 44.6 ± 3.5 and 42.2 ± 6.3. VAS Satisfaction was better (p = 0.012) with restricted iKA (9.2 ± 0.8) compared to aMA (8.5 ± 1.3). The number of patients that achieved OKS and satisfaction PASS thresholds was significantly higher (p = 0.049 and p = 0.003, respectively) using restricted iKA (98% and 80%) compared to aMA (85% and 48%). Knees with preoperative varus deformity, achieved significantly (p = 0.025) better OKS using restricted iKA (45.4 ± 2.0) compared to aMA (41.4 ± 6.8). Multivariable analyses confirmed better OKS (β = 3.1; p = 0.007) and satisfaction (β = 0.73; p = 0.005) with restricted iKA.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that restricted iKA and aMA grant comparable clinical outcomes at 12-month follow-up, though a greater proportion of knees operated by restricted iKA achieved the PASS thresholds for OKS and satisfaction. Notably. in knees with preoperative varus deformity, restricted iKA yielded significantly better OKS and satisfaction than aMA.

Level of evidence
Level III, comparative study.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Length of Stay and Readmission After Parathyroidectomy for Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Stefanova Dessislava , Ullmann Timothy M. , Limberg Jessica , Moore Maureen , Beninato Toni , Zarnegar Rasa , Fahey Thomas J. , Finnerty Brendan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based analyses of 30‐day outcomes after parathyroidectomy for renal secondary hyperparathyroidism are limited. We sought to identify risk factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) and readmission in this patient population.MethodsPatients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were reviewed in the ACS‐NSQIP database (2011–2016). Patients were identified by ICD codes specific to secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal origin and the ACS‐NSQIP variable for current preoperative dialysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with prolonged LOS and 30‐day readmission after parathyroidectomy.ResultsThe cohort included 1846 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism on dialysis who underwent parathyroidectomy. There were 416 (22.5%) patients classified under the prolonged LOS group. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with prolonged LOS included elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase [OR 3.13 (95%‐CI 2.09–4.70), p < 0.001], decreased preoperative hematocrit [OR 1.83 (95%‐CI 1.25–2.68), p = 0.002], unplanned reoperation (OR 5.02 [95%‐CI 2.22–11.3], p < 0.001) and any postoperative complication [OR 6.12 (95%‐CI 3.31–11.3), p < 0.001]. The overall 30‐day readmission rate was 15.0%. Hypocalcemia and hungry bone syndrome accounted for 47.0% (n = 93/198) of readmissions. On multivariable analysis, patients with a history of hypertension and those undergoing unplanned reoperation were at risk of readmission [2.16 (95%‐CI 1.21–3.87), p = 0.009, and 2.40 (95%‐CI 1.15–5.02), p = 0.020, respectively], whereas reoperative parathyroidectomy was inversely associated with readmission (OR 0.24, 95%‐CI 0.07–0.80, p = 0.021).ConclusionIn patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for renal secondary hyperparathyroidism, several readily available preoperative biochemical markers, including those of increased bone turnover and anemia, are associated with prolonged postoperative LOS. Unplanned reoperation was predictive of both increased LOS and readmission.
Multicomponent diffusion in ionic crystals: theoretical model and application to combined tracer- and interdiffusion in alkali feldspar
Authors: Petrishcheva E. , Tiede L. , Heuser D. , Hutter H. , Giester G. , Abart R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a model for multicomponent diffusion in ionic crystals. The model accounts for vacancy-mediated diffusion on a sub-lattice and for diffusion due to binary exchange of different ionic species without involvement of vacancies on the same sub-lattice. The diffusive flux of a specific ionic species depends on the self-diffusion coefficients, on the diffusion coefficients related to the binary exchanges, and on the site fractions of all ionic species. The model delivers explicit expressions for these dependencies, which lead to a set of coupled non-linear diffusion equations. We applied the model to diffusion of $$^{23}$$

23

Na, $$^{39}$$

39

K, and $$^{41}$$

41

K in alkali feldspar. To this end, gem-quality crystals of alkali feldspar were used together with $$^{41}$$

41

K doped KCl salt as diffusion couples, which were annealed at temperatures between 800$$^\circ$$

∘

and 950$$^\circ$$

∘

C. Concentration-distance data for $$^{23}$$

23

Na, $$^{39}$$

39

K, and $$^{41}$$

41

K were obtained by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Over the entire investigated temperature range the Na self-diffusion coefficient is by a factor of $$\ge 500$$

≥
500

higher than the K self-diffusion coefficient. Diffusion mediated by binary $$^{39}$$

39

K–$$^{41}$$

41

K exchange is required for obtaining satisfactory fits of the model curves to the experimental data, and the respective kinetic coefficient is well constrained.
Audio–visual object removal in 360-degree videos
Authors: Shimamura Ryo , Feng Qi , Koyama Yuki , Nakatsuka Takayuki , Fukayama Satoru , Hamasaki Masahiro , Goto Masataka , Morishima Shigeo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a novel conceptaudio–visual object removalin 360-degree videos, in which a target object in a 360-degree video is removed in both the visual and auditory domains synchronously. Previous methods have solely focused on the visual aspect of object removal using video inpainting techniques, resulting in videos with unreasonable remaining sounds corresponding to the removed objects. We propose a solution which incorporates direction acquired during the video inpainting process into the audio removal process. More specifically, our method identifies the sound corresponding to the visually tracked target object and then synthesizes a three-dimensional sound field by subtracting the identified sound from the input 360-degree video. We conducted a user study showing that our multi-modal object removal supporting both visual and auditory domains could significantly improve the virtual reality experience, and our method could generate sufficiently synchronous, natural and satisfactory 360-degree videos.
Innovations in pancreatic anastomosis technique during pancreatoduodenectomies
Authors: Ferencz S. , Bíró Zs. , Vereczkei A. , Kelemen D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Pancreatic fistula following pancreatic resections is still a relevant complication. The present work shows the efforts of a single institute to decrease this problem.

Methods
A total of 130 patients (63 men, 67 women) with a mean age of 60 (range: 23–81) years were operated on between January 2013 and March 2020. The most frequent type of pancreatic resection was a Whipple procedure with partial antrectomy. During all operations, an innovative method was used, namely a modification of the purse-string suture pancreatojejunostomy. Moreover, an early drain removal policy was applied, based on the drain amylase level on the first and subsequent postoperative days.

Results
Mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days (range: 7–75). The overall morbidity rate was 43.8%; the clinically relevant (grade B/C) pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) rate was 6.9%. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) was observed in 4% of the patients. The ratio of operative mortality was 0.7%; the reoperation rate was 5.3%. Based on the drain amylase level on the first postoperative day, two groups could be established. In the first one, the drain was removed early, on the fourth day in average (range: 2–6). In the other group, the drain was left in situ protractedly or reinserted later on.

Conclusion
A single center’s experience proves that the refinement of the technique can improve the results of pancreatic surgery.
Effects of state anxiety on gait: a 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge study
Authors: Attwood Angela S. , Ludwig Casimir J. H. , Penton-Voak Ian S. , Poh Jade , Kwong Alex S. F. , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe used the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) model of anxiety induction to investigate the effects of state anxiety on normal gait and gait when navigating an obstacle. Healthy volunteers (n = 22) completed a walking task during inhalations of 7.5% CO2 and medical air (placebo) in a within-subjects design. The order of inhalation was counterbalanced across participants and the gas was administered double-blind. Over a series of trials, participants walked the length of the laboratory, with each trial requiring participants to navigate through an aperture (width adjusted to participant size), with gait parameters measured via a motion capture system. The main findings were that walking speed was slower, but the adjustment in body orientation was greater, during 7.5% CO2 inhalation compared to air. These findings indicate changes in locomotor behaviour during heightened state anxiety that may reflect greater caution when moving in an agitated state. Advances in sensing technology offer the opportunity to monitor locomotor behaviour, and these findings suggest that in doing so, we may be able to infer emotional states from movement in naturalistic settings.
RET-independent signaling by GDNF ligands and GFRα receptors
Authors: Ibáñez Carlos F. , Paratcha Gustavo , Ledda Fernanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe discovery in the late 1990s of the partnership between the RET receptor tyrosine kinase and the GFRα family of GPI-anchored co-receptors as mediators of the effects of GDNF family ligands galvanized the field of neurotrophic factors, firmly establishing a new molecular framework besides the ubiquitous neurotrophins. Soon after, however, it was realized that many neurons and brain areas expressed GFRα receptors without expressing RET. These observations led to the formulation of two new concepts in GDNF family signaling, namely, the non-cell-autonomous functions of GFRα molecules, so-called trans signaling, as well as cell-autonomous functions mediated by signaling receptors distinct from RET, which became known as RET-independent signaling. To date, the best studied RET-independent signaling pathway for GDNF family ligands involves the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and its association with GFRα co-receptors. Among the many functions attributed to this signaling system are neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, dendrite branching, spine formation, and synaptogenesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of this and other mechanisms of RET-independent signaling by GDNF family ligands and GFRα receptors, as well as their physiological importance.
Subexponential-Time Algorithms for Finding Large Induced Sparse Subgraphs
Authors: Novotná Jana , Okrasa Karolina , Pilipczuk Michał , Rzążewski Paweł , van Leeuwen Erik Jan , Walczak Bartosz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet$${\mathcal {C}}$$Cand$${\mathcal {D}}$$Dbe hereditary graph classes. Consider the following problem: given a graph$$G\in {\mathcal {D}}$$G∈D, find a largest, in terms of the number of vertices, induced subgraph ofGthat belongs to$${\mathcal {C}}$$C. We prove that it can be solved in$$2^{o(n)}$$2o(n)time, wherenis the number of vertices ofG, if the following conditions are satisfied:the graphs in$${\mathcal {C}}$$Care sparse, i.e., they have linearly many edges in terms of the number of vertices;the graphs in$${\mathcal {D}}$$Dadmit balanced separators of size governed by their density, e.g.,$${\mathcal {O}}(\varDelta )$$O(Δ)or$${\mathcal {O}}(\sqrt{m})$$O(m), where$$\varDelta$$Δandmdenote the maximum degree and the number of edges, respectively; andthe considered problem admits a single-exponential fixed-parameter algorithm when parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph.This leads, for example, to the following corollaries for specific classes$${\mathcal {C}}$$Cand$${\mathcal {D}}$$D:a largest induced forest in a$$P_t$$Pt-free graph can be found in$$2^{\tilde{{\mathcal {O}}}(n^{2/3})}$$2O~(n2/3)time, for every fixedt; anda largest induced planar graph in a string graph can be found in$$2^{\tilde{{\mathcal {O}}}(n^{2/3})}$$2O~(n2/3)time.
The effect of the elongation of the proximal aorta on the estimation of the aortic wall distensibility
Authors: Pagoulatou Stamatia Z. , Ferraro Mauro , Trachet Bram , Bikia Vasiliki , Rovas Georgios , Crowe Lindsey A. , Vallée Jean-Paul , Adamopoulos Dionysios , Stergiopulos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe compliance of the proximal aortic wall is a major determinant of cardiac afterload. Aortic compliance is often estimated based on cross-sectional area changes over the pulse pressure, under the assumption of a negligible longitudinal stretch during the pulse. However, the proximal aorta is subjected to significant axial stretch during cardiac contraction. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the importance of axial stretch on compliance estimation by undertaking both an in silico and an in vivo approach. In the computational analysis, we developed a 3-D finite element model of the proximal aorta and investigated the discrepancy between the actual wall compliance to the value estimated after neglecting the longitudinal stretch of the aorta. A parameter sensitivity analysis was further conducted to show how increased material stiffness and increased aortic root motion might amplify the estimation errors (discrepancies between actual and estimated distensibility ranging from − 20 to − 62%). Axial and circumferential aortic deformation during ventricular contraction was also evaluated in vivo based on MR images of the aorta of 3 healthy young volunteers. The in vivo results were in good qualitative agreement with the computational analysis (underestimation errors ranging from − 26 to − 44%, with increased errors reflecting higher aortic root displacement). Both the in silico and in vivo findings suggest that neglecting the longitudinal strain during contraction might lead to severe underestimation of local aortic compliance, particularly in the case of women who tend to have higher aortic root motion or in subjects with stiff aortas.
Measuring Fidelity to Evidence-Based Practices: Psychometrics
Authors: Ruud T. , Drake R. E. , Bond G. R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis special section presents the psychometric properties of fidelity scales used in a national mental health services project in Norway to improve the quality of care of people with psychoses. Across Norway, 39 clinical units in six health trusts participated. The project provided education, implementation support and fidelity assessments. The papers in the section address the psychometrics of fidelity measurement for the specific evidence-based practices: illness management and recovery, family psychoeducation, physical healthcare and antipsychotic medication management. Another paper analyzes the psychometrics of a scale measuring individualization and quality improvement that may be used in conjunction with fidelity scales for specific evidence-based practices. The first paper in the section presents the development and field of fidelity scales, and the two final papers with comments add some additional perspectives and discuss fidelity scales in a wider context. The psychometrics of the five scales were good to excellent. Fidelity assessment is a necessary and effective strategy for quality improvement.
Prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction and prognostic significance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kanagala Prathap , Arnold Jayanth R. , Singh Anvesha , Khan Jamal N. , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Gupta Pankaj , Squire Iain B. , Ng Leong L. , McCann Gerry P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a paucity of data characterizing right ventricular performance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) using the gold standard of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). We aimed to assess the proportion of right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVD) in HFpEF and the relation to clinical outcomes. As part of a single-centre, prospective, observational study, 183 subjects (135 HFpEF, and 48 age- and sex-matched controls) underwent extensive characterization with CMR. transthoracic echocardiography, blood sampling and six-minute walk testing. Patients were followed for the composite endpoint of death or HF hospitalization. RVD (defined as right ventricular ejection fraction < 47%) controls was present in 19% of HFpEF. Patients with RVD presented more frequently with lower systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, radiographic evidence of pulmonary congestion and raised cardiothoracic ratio and larger right ventricular volumes. During median follow-up of 1429 days, 47% (n = 64) of HFpEF subjects experienced the composite endpoint of death (n = 22) or HF hospitalization (n = 42). RVD was associated with an increased risk of composite events (Log-Rank p = 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, RVD was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 3.946, 95% CI 1.878–8.290, p = 0.0001) along with indexed extracellular volume (HR 1.742, CI 1.176–2.579, p = 0.006) and E/E’ (HR 1.745, CI 1.230–2.477, p = 0.002). RVD as assessed by CMR is prevalent in nearly one-fifth of HFpEF patients and is independently associated with death and/or hospitalization with HF.The trial was registered retrospectively on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03050593). The date of registration was February 06, 2017.