bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies of Plant Biotechnology to Meet the Increasing Demand of Food and Nutrition in India
Authors: De Santanu 
Published: September 2020

A groundbreaking application of biotechnology research during the recent past has been improvement of crop health and production. India being one of the most rapidly developing countries with an enormous population and remarkable biodiversity, plant biotechnology promises significant potential to contribute to characterization and conservation of the biodiversity, increasing its usefulness. However, India’s green revolution was noted to be insufficient to feed the country's teeming millions. Therefore, novel approaches in crop biotechnology had to be aimed at ensuring better productivity and quality of cultivars. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research undertaken mainly in the last couple of decades along with potential strategies in plant biotechnology focusing on specific grain and seed crops of key agricultural as well as dietary importance to meet the growing demand of food and nutrition in India, while also proposing potential application of relevant global research findings in the Indian context. The analysis would help address the ever-increasing worldwide socio-economic necessity for greater food security, particularly during times of crisis such as the recent Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Islamic Education and Da’wah Strategies Based on Culture in the Ilir-ilir Song of Sunan Kalijaga
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the educational and da’wah strategies based on the culture in the Song Ilir-ilir Sunan Kalijaga. By using library research methods and content analysis techniques, the results as follows: 1) With a cultural approach, Sunan Kalijaga invites and educates the public to embrace Islam as a new religion that came to Java around the 13-15 century AD. 2). Persuasively, Sunan Kalijaga made people aware of Islam by carrying out the five pillars of Islam while leaving all beliefs and deeds prohibited by Islam. 3) With the metaphor of Blimbing (star fruit). Sunan Kalijaga assures people that whoever obeys the commands of Islam, will find peace and happiness in living in this world and the hereafter. Educators and preachers in various events create the Ilir-ilir Song as a cultural-based educational and da’wah strategy that remains popular in the millennial era. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji strategi pendidikan dan dakwah Islam berbasis kultural dalam lagu Ilir-ilir Sunan Kalijaga. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan teknik analisis isi (content analisys), maka hasilnya dapat disimpulkan berikut: 1) Dengan pendekatan kultural, Sunan Kalijaga mengajak dan mendidik masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam sebagai agama baru yang datang ke tanah Jawa sekitar abad 13-15 M. 2) Secara persuasif, Sunan Kalijaga menyadarkan masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam dengan melaksanakan rukun Islam yang lima seraya meninggalkan segala keyakinan dan perbuatan yang dilarang Islam; 3) Dengan metafora buah blimbing, Sunan Kalijaga menyakinkan masyarakat bahwa barangsiapa yang taat menjalankan perintah Islam, kelak mendapatkan ketentraman dan kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Para pendidik maupun juru dakwah dalam berbagai event mengkreasi lagu Ilir-ilir sebagai strategi pendidikan dan dakwah berbasis kultural yang tetap populer di era millineal.
Uncertainties in runoff projection and hydrological drought assessment over Gharesu basin under CMIP5 RCP scenarios
Authors: Ashrafi S. M. , Gholami H. , Najafi M. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrological drought plays an important role in planning and managing water resources systems to meet increasing water demands due to population growth. In this study, the effects of climate change on the hydrological drought characteristics of the Gharasu basin, as one of the major sub-basins of the Karkheh river basin, are investigated. This river basin has experienced severe droughts, and floods, in recent years. The uncertainties in projected drought conditions are characterized based on a suite of 34 general circulation models (GCMs). Based on hydrological simulations over the historical period, 12 GCMs are selected to estimate projected runoff values and the corresponding streamflow drought index (SDI) in the future period. The ‘run theory’ is applied to evaluate the drought characteristics under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios. Results show that uncertainties of drought projection under RCP8.5 are higher than under RCP4.5, where among different drought characteristics, the maximum uncertainty is detected for drought severity and maximum drought duration. Moreover, the uncertainty of drought projection in wet periods is greater than that in dry periods.
Energy efficiency of staged reverse osmosis (RO) and closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) desalination: a model-based comparison
Authors: Li Simeng , Duran Karla , Delagah Saied , Mouawad Joe , Jia Xudong , Sharbatmaleki Mohamadali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies have been widely implemented around the world to address the rising severity of freshwater scarcity. As desalination capacity increases, reducing the energy consumption of the RO process per permeate volume (i.e., specific energy consumption) is of particular importance. In this study, numerical models are used to characterize and compare the energy efficiency of one-stage continuous RO, multi-stage continuous RO, and closed-circuit RO (CCRO) processes. The simulated results across a broad range of feed salinity (5,000–50,000 ppm, i.e., 5–50 g kg−1) and recovery (40%–95%) demonstrate that, compared with the most common one-stage continuous RO, two-stage and three-stage continuous RO can reduce the specific energy consumption by up to 40.9% and 53.6%, respectively, while one-stage and two-stage CCRO can lead to 45.0% and 67.5% reduction, respectively. The differences in energy efficiencies of various RO configurations are more salient when desalinating high-salinity feed at a high recovery ratio. From the standpoints of energy saving and capital cost, the simulated results indicate that multi-stage CCRO is an optimal desalination process with great potential for practical implementation.
Impact of monovalent cations on the separation performance of graphene oxide membrane for different organic matters
Authors: Qi Huabiao , Zhao Xin , Li Han , Che Yuang , Wang Can 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) membrane has become a promising membrane due to its advantages of high flux, good anti-pollution performance, and controllable cost. Since wastewater contains inorganic ions and organic substances, the effect of inorganic ions on the removal of organic matters has attracted attention. This study investigated the impact of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) on the removal of different organic matters by GO membranes. The results showed that the removal by GO membranes of both macromolecular organic compounds (humic acid, sodium alginate, and bull serum albumin) and small molecular organic substances (new coccine, methyl orange, and methylene blue) were high (&gt;75%). The coexisting Na+ caused the increase in flux and the decrease in removal of small molecular organic matters, while the impact on the removal of macromolecular organic matters was weak. The impact of the coexisting K+ was weaker than Na+. With the crosslinking of ethylenediamine, the structure of GO membrane was more stable. The impacts of Na+ on the flux and separation performance of crosslinked membranes were less than that of non-crosslinked membranes. This suggests that crosslinked GO membrane has more potential for practical wastewater treatment.
Protective Role of Morus nigra Leaf Extracts against Murine Infection with Eimeria papillata
Authors: Thagfan Felwa A. , Al-Megrin Wafa A. , Al-Shaebi Esam M. , Al-Quraishy Saleh , Dkhil Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Eimeriosis is a parasitic intestinal infection that affects the poultry industry;
it is responsible for economic losses on a global scale.

Objective:
This study investigated the protective role of Morus nigra leaf extracts (ME) against Eimeria papillata infection
in mice.

Methods:
C57Bl/6 mice were divided into six groups. The first group was gavaged daily with 100
μL 0.9% NaCl. The second group was treated daily by oral gavage with 100 μL M. nigra leaf extracts
(ME) (200 mg/kg), while the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were orally infected with
1000 E. papillata oocysts. The last three groups were daily treated for 5 days with 200, 400, and
800 mg/kg of ME, respectively. Samples of jejunum were obtained for examining the histopathological
changes as well as changes in the nitric oxide and catalase levels.

Results:
Infrared spectroscopy of ME showed the presence of several expected active classes of
phytochemical compounds. ME was able to reduce the E. papillata oocysts in mice feces by about
80% and decrease the infection-induced jejunal histopathological injuries. This was quantified using
the histological injury score. In addition, ME significantly recovered the changes in nitric oxide
and catalase levels.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that the M. nigra extract has an antioxidant activity which protects
against murine eimeriosis. Further studies are required to determine the exact active compounds
in ME and their mode of action.
ATP Synthase Inhibitors as Anti-tubercular Agents: QSAR Studies in Novel Substituted Quinolines
Authors: Saxena Anil K. , Alam Muneer 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
As per the World Health Organization (WHO) report of 2019, there were 1.5 million deaths
in the year 2018, mainly because of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR &
XDR-TB). Among several antitubercular drugs in clinical trials, bedaquiline (TMC207) is a highly
promising drug that was approved by the FDA in 2012 and marketed in 2016 for the treatment of multidrug
resistant TB in combination with other drugs. Bedaquiline acts on mycobacterial ATP synthase and
is highly effective in replicating as well as on dormant mycobacteria. Several series of substituted quinolines
have been reported with their antitubercular and ATP synthase inhibitory activity.

Methods:
To understand the role of physicochemical parameters like hydrophobicity, electronic and
steric factors in eliciting the biological response, the Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
studies have been carried out using the computed parameters as independent variable and activity (-log
IC50/MIC) as the dependent variable.

Results:
The developed QSAR models in terms of positively contributing Molar Refractivity (MR) and
negatively contributing Partition Coefficient (PC) and Connolly Molecular Area (CMA) parameters
have high predictivity as also shown on external data set and the mean value of the computed 3D parameters
of enantiomers may be used in QSAR analysis for racemic compounds.

Conclusion:
These results are also substantiated by pharmacophore modeling. The similar dependence
of antitubercular activity against whole-cell M.Tb.H37Rv on MR and CMA suggests ATP synthase as
the main target for antitubercular activity and the QSAR models may be useful in the identification of
novel antitubercular agents.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of 2- Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Derivatives against Gp41
Authors: Tamiz Nahid , Mostashari-Rad Tahereh , Najafipour Aylar , Claes Sandra , Schols Dominique , Fassihi Afshin 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Gp41 and its conserved hydrophobic groove on the N-terminal heptad repeat
region are attractive targets in the design of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Linearly extended
molecules have shown potent anti-HIV-1 activity for their effective interactions with the gp41 binding
pocket. Rhodanine ring attached to substituted pyrrole or furan rings has been proved a preferred
moiety to be inserted inside the molecular structure of the gp41 inhibitors.

Objectives:
Based on the previous findings we are going to describe some rhodanine derivatives in
which a substituted imidazole ring is introduced in place of the pyrrole or furan rings. The compounds’
flexibility is increased by inserting methylene groups inside the main scaffold.

Methods:
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations approaches were exploited to investigate
the chemical interactions and the stability of the designed ligands-gp41 complex. All compounds
were synthesized and their chemical structures were elucidated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR,
FTIR and Mass spectroscopy. Biological activities of the compounds against HIV-1 and HIV-2 and
their cellular toxicities against the T-lymphocyte (MT-4) cell line were determined.

Results:
All the designed compounds showed proper and stable chemical interactions with gp41 according
to the in silico studies. The results of the biological tests proved none of the compounds active
against HIV-1 replication in cell cultures.

Conclusion:
Since all the studied compounds were potently toxic for the host cell; it was therefore
not possible to assess their anti-HIV activities.
Recent Patents on Greenhouse Cooling Techniques: A Review
Authors: Al-Ismaili Abdulrahim M. , Al-Maimani Asma M. , Al-Saadi Aaisha K. , Al-Kindi Fatma S. , Al-Manthri Ibtihal A. , Al-Jabri Khaled M. , Al-Dairi Mai K. , Al-Mahroqi Seham H. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Greenhouse cooling is very essential during warm conditions to extend the
cropping season and offer year-round production. Although fan-pad systems are widely utilized for
greenhouse cooling in arid climates, they have many drawbacks mentioned by researchers. Thus,
finding the best cooling system had attracted the attention of many researchers and inventors in such
climates.

Objective:
This paper aims to review the recent patents of greenhouse cooling methods suitable for
arid climates.

Methods:
The most relating patents on greenhouse cooling technologies were discussed and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 46 patents were reviewed, covering over 21 years, and the majority of them
(73.9%) were patented in China, followed by the USA (15.2%), worldwide (4.3%), Japan (2.2%),
Russia (2.2%) and Austria (2.2%). The patents were divided into three categories; preventive (8 patents),
corrective (33 patents) and combined (5 patents) greenhouse cooling techniques. In the preventive
techniques, i.e. avoiding heat load in greenhouses, patents involving shading mechanisms
were dominant because it is well known that shading reduces solar radiation penetration as the largest
heating source in greenhouses. In the corrective techniques, i.e. removing the accumulated heat,
patents on evaporative cooling mechanisms were dominant but their suitability for arid climates is
hindered with high humidity and water scarcity. In the combined techniques, i.e. including both preventive
and corrective techniques, patents are very comprehensive and thus implementable in hightech
commercial greenhouses. Some innovative patents involving refrigerative cooling, desiccation,
solar power and multi-systems were also highlighted.

Conclusion:
Patents implementing preventive cooling techniques alone are insufficient in arid climates
due to the extremely high ambient temperatures in the hot months. Similarly, patents involving
evaporative cooling methods are constrained by high humidity and water scarcity in arid conditions.
Therefore, patents combining preventive and corrective techniques are more energy- and water-
efficient. We recommend future work to focus on desiccant-indirect evaporative cooling methods
as they can overcome the high humidity limitations in many arid areas.
Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMA Pada Materi Ekosistem
Authors: Rahma Ira , Windyariani Sistiana , Suhendar Suhendar 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe the profile of problem-solving abilities on each indicator according to Pannen (in Rusmono, 2012). The research used is descriptive method. The sample used is 35 students who have studied the ecosystem material. The sample selection technique used in this study was purposive sampling, which is a sample collection technique with certain considerations, subject taking is not based on strata, random or regional but is based on the existence of certain objectives. This research was conducted in FEBRUARY 4th week of 2020. The instrument used was a test question for the description of problem-solving abilities, amounting to 12 questions. The results showed that the problem-solving ability profile had a percentage of 59% in the sufficient category. The results include three categories, namely; 1) the good category consists of indicators of identifying problems by 75% and collecting 66% of data, 2) sufficient categories consisting of indicators of solving problems based on data by 55%, choosing ways to solve problems by 61%, and planning to implement problems by 57% . 3) the less category consists of indicators of analyzing data / problems by 40%.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada setiap indikator menurut Pannen (dalam rusmono, 2012). Penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 35 siswa yang telah mempelajari materi ekosistem. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu teknik pengumpulan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu, pengambilan subjek bukan di dasarkan atas strata, random atau daerah tetapi di dasarkan atas adanya tujuan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan FEBRUARI minggu ke-4 tahun 2020. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes uraian kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang berjumlah 12 soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil kemampuan pemecahan masalah memiliki persentase sebesar 59% dengan kategori cukup. Adapun hasil tersebut mencakup tiga ketegori ialah; 1) Kategori baik terdiri dari indikator mengidentifikasi masalah sebesar 75% dan mengumpulkan data 66%, 2) Kategori cukup terdiri dari indikator memecahkan masalah berdasarkan data sebesar 55%, memilih cara untuk memecahkan masalah masalah sebesar 61%, dan merencanakan penerapan masalah sebesar 57%. 3) Kategori kurang terdiri dari indikator menganalisis data/masalah sebesar 40%.
How Do Reporting Frequency and Analyst Perceptions of Real Activities Manipulation (RAM) Influence Managers' RAM Behavior?
Authors: Tang Fengchun , Eller Christopher Kevin , Cereola Sandra J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Real Activities Manipulation (RAM) is an earnings management technique that is increasingly being used by managers. RAM is a purposeful action by managers to manipulate earnings by altering operations, finances, and investments. In this study, we investigate the effects of reporting frequency and the knowledge that financial analysts view RAM negatively on the likelihood of management engaging in RAM. Based on the results of an online experiment with 73 experienced managers and MBA students, we find that more frequent financial reporting significantly reduces managers' likelihood to engage in sales-related RAM when they are also informed that analysts view RAM negatively. As a result, the combination of more frequent reporting and the knowledge that analysts view RAM negatively, taken together, may assist in deterring managers' engagement in sales-related RAM.
Impact of Quality Improvement (QI) Program on 5-Year Risk of Diabetes-Related Complications: A Simulation Study
Authors: Shao Hui , Fonseca Vivian , Furman Roy , Meneghini Luigi , Shi Lizheng 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
We successfully implemented the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) Diabetes INSIDE (INspiring System Improvement with Data-Driven Excellence) quality improvement (QI) program at a university hospital and safety-net health system (Tulane and Parkland), focused on system-wide improvement in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c &gt;8.0% [64 mmol/mol]). In this study, we estimated the 5-year risk reduction in complications and mortality associated with the QI program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The QI implementation period was 1 year, followed by the postintervention period of 6 months to evaluate the impact of QI on clinical measures. We measured the differences between the baseline and postintervention clinical outcomes in 2,429 individuals with HbA1c &gt;8% (64 mmol/mol) at baseline and used the Building, Relating, Assessing, and Validating Outcomes (BRAVO) diabetes model to project the 5-year risk reduction of diabetes-related complications under the assumption that intervention benefits persist over time. An alternative assumption that intervention benefits diminish by 30% every year was also tested.

RESULTS
The QI program was associated with reductions in HbA1c (−0.84%) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (−5.94 mg/dL) among individuals with HbA1c level &gt;8.0% (64 mmol/mol), with greater reduction in HbA1c (−1.67%) and LDL-C (−6.81 mg/dL) among those with HbA1c level &gt;9.5% at baseline (all P &lt; 0.05). The implementation of the Diabetes INSIDE QI program was associated with 5-year risk reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (relative risk [RR] 0.78 [95% CI 0.75–0.81]) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.83 [95% CI 0.82–0.85]) among individuals with baseline HbA1c level &gt;8.0% (64 mmol/mol), and MACE (RR 0.60 [95% CI 0.56–0.65]) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.61 [95% CI 0.59–0.64]) among individuals with baseline HbA1c level &gt;9.5% (80 mmol/mol). Sensitivity analysis also identified a substantially lower risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality associated with the QI program.

CONCLUSIONS
Our modeling results suggest that the ADA’s Diabetes INSIDE QI program would benefit the patients and population by substantially reducing the 5-year risk of complications and mortality in individuals with diabetes.
The Close Link of Pancreatic Iron With Glucose Metabolism and With Cardiac Complications in Thalassemia Major: A Large, Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Pepe Alessia , Pistoia Laura , Gamberini Maria Rita , Cuccia Liana , Peluso Angelo , Messina Giuseppe , Spasiano Anna , Allò Massimo , Bisconte Maria Grazia , Putti Maria Caterina , Casini Tommaso , Dello Iacono Nicola , Celli Mauro , Vitucci Angelantonio , Giuliano Pietro , Peritore Giuseppe , Renne Stefania , Righi Riccardo , Positano Vincenzo , De Sanctis Vincenzo , Meloni Antonella 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
We systematically explored the link of pancreatic iron with glucose metabolism and with cardiac complications in a cohort of 1,079 patients with thalassemia major (TM) enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia (E-MIOT) project.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MRI was used to quantify iron overload (T2* technique) and cardiac function (cine images) and to detect macroscopic myocardial fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement technique). Glucose metabolism was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

RESULTS
Patients with normal glucose metabolism showed significantly higher global pancreas T2* values than patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. A pancreas T2* &lt;13.07 ms predicted an abnormal OGTT. A normal pancreas T2* value showed a 100% negative predictive value for disturbances of glucose metabolism and for cardiac iron. Patients with myocardial fibrosis showed significantly lower pancreas T2* values. Patients with cardiac complications had significantly lower pancreas T2* values. No patient with arrhythmias/heart failure had a normal global pancreas T2*.

CONCLUSIONS
Pancreatic iron is a powerful predictor not only for glucose metabolism but also for cardiac iron and complications, supporting the close link between pancreatic iron and heart disease and the need to intensify iron chelation therapy to prevent both alterations of glucose metabolism and cardiac iron accumulation.