bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Massively Transfused Trauma Patient
Authors: Taghavi Sharven , Tatum Danielle , Reza Tara , Smith Alison , McGrew Patrick , Harris Charles , Guidry Chrissy , Schroll Rebecca , Duchesne Juan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Recent studies have suggested the female hypercoaguable state may have a protective effect in trauma. However, whether this hypercoagulable profile confers a survival benefit in massively transfused trauma patients has yet to be determined. We hypothesized that females would have better outcomes than males after traumatic injury that required massive transfusion protocol (MTP).

Patients and Methods:
All trauma patients who underwent MTP at an urban, level 1, academic trauma center were reviewed from November 2007 to October 2018. Female MTP patients were compared to their male counterparts.

Results:
There were a total of 643 trauma patients undergoing MTP. Of these, 90 (13.8%) were female and 563 (86.2%) were male. Presenting blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, and injury severity score (ISS) were not significantly different. Overall mortality and incidence of venous thromboembolism were similar. Complication profile and hospital stay were similar. On logistic regression, female sex was not associated with survival (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.56–1.92, P = 0.91). Variables associated with mortality included age (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.05–1.09, P = 0.03) and ISS (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05–1.09, P < 0.001). Increasing Glascow Coma Scale was associated with survival (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82–0.89, P < 0.001). On subset analysis, premenopausal women (age < 50) did not have a survival advantage in comparison with similar aged males (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.36–1.28, P = 0.24).

Discussion:
Sex differences in coagulation profile do not result in a survival advantage for females when MTP is required.
Hyaluronic acid for tissue and bone regeneration after tooth extraction. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lai Shuheng , Novillo Francisco , Cárdenas Geovanna , Verdugo Francisca , Rada Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on tissue and bone regeneration after tooth extraction.Data SourcesWe will conduct a comprehensive search in Epistemonikos, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and grey literature, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials regardless of language or publication status (published, unpublished, in press and in progress).Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies and MethodsWe will include randomized trials evaluating the effect of HA on tissue and bone regeneration after tooth extraction. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, data extraction, and assess the risk of bias. We will pool the results using meta-analysis and will apply the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.Ethics and DisseminationNo ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks, and traditional media.PROSPERO Registration IDCRD42020150285
High-Throughput Digitization of Analog Human Echocardiography Data
Authors: Kwan Alan C. , Salto Gerran , Demosthenes Emmanuella , Lehman Birgitta T. , Osypiuk Ewa , Stantchev Plamen , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Cheng Susan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTEchocardiographic imaging data has been acquired for adult participants of a longitudinal community-based epidemiological cohort study at serial examinations between 1987 and 1998. The original image acquisition approach was analog with storage of moving images on Video Home System (VHS) tapes. Accordingly, we designed and implemented a standardized methodology for digitizing, anonymizing, and organizing these analog data to enable contemporary image-based analyses. Herein, we describe the overall methodology and the operational workflow, quality control, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, and data formatting issues that we addressed. We present this method as an accessible pipeline for enabling digitization of historical imaging data, originally acquired from large cohort studies, in order to preserve and repurpose them for application of advanced and continually evolving image analytical techniques. Such pipelines are critical not only for data conservation but are also invaluable for prospective analyses of imaging phenotypes in relation to already-accrued longitudinal outcomes in community-based cohorts that have been under careful surveillance over up to several decades of follow up.
A Fully Automated Deep Learning-based Network For Detecting COVID-19 from a New And Large Lung CT Scan Dataset
Authors: Rahimzadeh Mohammad , Attar Abolfazl , Sakhaei Seyed Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a severe global problem, and AI can play a significant role in preventing losses by monitoring and detecting infected persons in early-stage. This paper aims to propose a high-speed and accurate fully-automated method to detect COVID-19 from the patient’s CT scan images. We introduce a new dataset that contains 48260 CT scan images from 282 normal persons and 15589 images from 95 patients with COVID-19 infections. At the first stage, this system runs our proposed image processing algorithm to discard those CT images that inside the lung is not properly visible in them. This action helps to reduce the processing time and false detections. At the next stage, we introduce a novel method for increasing the classification accuracy of convolutional networks. We implemented our method using the ResNet50V2 network and a modified feature pyramid network alongside our designed architecture for classifying the selected CT images into COVlD-19 or normal with higher accuracy than other models. After running these two phases, the system determines the condition of the patient using a selected threshold. We are the first to evaluate our system in two different ways. In the single image classification stage, our model achieved 98.49% accuracy on more than 7996 test images. At the patient identification phase, the system correctly identified almost 234 of 245 patients with high speed. We also investigate the classified images with the Grad-CAM algorithm to indicate the area of infections in images and evaluate our model classification correctness.
Jinhua Qinggan granule, a Chinese herbal medicine against COVID-19, induces rapid changes in the plasma levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ
Authors: Kageyama Yasunari , Aida Koichi , Kawauchi Kimihiko , Morimoto Masafumi , Ebisui Tomoka , Akiyama Tetsu , Nakamura Tsutomu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, effective vaccines or specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19 are not available. However, in China, traditional Chinese herbal medicines have provided therapeutic benefit to patients with COVID-19. Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQGG) is a Chinese multi-herbal formula previously developed for the treatment of H1N1 influenza and has been encouraged for patients clinically suspected of COVID-19 during medical observation. However, the immunological mechanism for the efficacy of JHQGG has not been confirmed.ObjectivesWe thus examined whether the administration of JHQGG affects hematological and immunological measures in healthy individuals.MethodWe enrolled 18 healthy volunteers, all of whom tested negative for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Peripheral blood samples were collected 1 h after oral administration of JHQGG and subjected to hematological, biochemical, and cytokine tests.ResultsJHQGG rapidly induced a significant decrease in the plasma level of IL-6 and an increase in the plasma level of IFN-γ.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of JHQGG against COVID-19 is, in part, associated with its rapid immunomodulatory activity.
Cytolethal Distending Toxin: from mitotic DNA damage to cGAS-dependent pro-inflammatory response
Authors: Pons Benoît J. , Pettes-Duler Aurélie , Naylies Claire , Taieb Frédéric , Hashim Saleha , Tadrist Soraya , Lippi Yannick , Mirey Gladys , Vignard Julien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a bacterial genotoxin that activates the DNA damage response and induces inflammatory signatures in host cells, but the precise relationship between these outcomes has not been addressed so far. CDT induces a singular time-dependent increase of DNA damage and cell cycle defects, questioning on possible impaired response to this toxin over the cell cycle. Here, we identify mitosis as a crucial phase during CDT intoxination. Despite active cell cycle checkpoints and in contrast to other DNA damaging agents, CDT-exposed cells reach mitosis where they accumulate massive DNA damage, resulting in chromosome fragmentation and micronucleus formation. These micronuclei are recognized by cGAS that elicits an inflammatory signature resulting in cell distention and senescence. Our results unravel for the first time the mitotic consequences of CDT genotoxic activity and relate them to pro-inflammatory cellular response. These findings may have important implications during bacterial infection regarding CDT-mediated immunomodulatory and tumorigenic processes.
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-aa regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associations
Authors: Alassaf Mroj , Halloran Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria form close physical associations to facilitate calcium transfer, thereby regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics. For neurons with high metabolic demands, such as sensory hair cells, precise regulation of ER-mitochondria associations is especially critical for cell survival. We previously identified the secreted metalloprotease Pregnancy associated plasma protein-aa (Pappaa) as a novel regulator of mitochondrial function in zebrafish lateral line hair cells (Alassaf et al., 2019). Here, we show thatpappaamutant hair cells exhibit excessive and abnormally close ER-mitochondria associations, suggesting increased ER-mitochondria calcium transfer. Indeed, we find thatpappaamutant hair cells are more vulnerable to pharmacological induction of ER-calcium release. Additionally,pappaamutant hair cells display ER stress and dysfunctional downstream processes of the ER-mitochondria axis including mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy. Together our results support a model in which Pappaa regulates mitochondrial function, at least in part, by regulating ER-mitochondria associations.
Vigilance response of a key prey species to anthropogenic and natural threats in Detroit
Authors: Lima Samantha , Gámez Siria , Arringdale Nathaniel , Harris Nyeema C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRapid urbanization coupled with increased human activity induces pressures that affect predator-prey relations through a suite of behavioral mechanisms, including alteration of avoidance and coexistence dynamics. Synergisms of natural and anthropogenic threats existing within urban environments exacerbate the necessity for species to differentially modify behavior to each risk. Here, we explore the behavioral response of a key prey species, cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), to pressures from humans, domestic dogs, and a natural predator, coyotes (Canis latrans) in a human-dominated landscape. We conducted the first camera survey in urban parks throughout Detroit, Michigan in 2017-2020 to assess vigilance response corresponding to a heterogeneous landscape created from variation in the occupancy of threats. We predicted a scaled response where cottontail rabbits would be most vigilant in areas with high coyote activity, moderately vigilant in areas with high domestic dog activity, and the least vigilant in areas of high human activity. From 8,165 independent cottontail rabbit detections in Detroit across 11,616 trap nights, one-third were classified as vigilant. We found vigilance behavior increased with coyote occupancy and in locations with significantly high domestic dog activity, but found no significant impact of human occupancy or their spatial hotspots. We also found little spatial overlap between rabbits and threats, suggesting rabbits invest more in spatial avoidance; thus, less effort is required for vigilance. Our results elucidate strategies of a prey species coping with various risks to advance our understanding of the adaptability of wildlife in urban environments. In order to promote coexistence between people and wildlife in urban greenspaces, we must understand and anticipate the ecological implications of human-induced behavioral modifications.
Transcriptional profiling reveals T cells cluster around neurons injected withToxoplasma gondiiproteins
Authors: Merritt Emily F. , Johnson Hannah J. , Wong Z. Sheen , Buntzman Adam S. , Conklin Austin C. , Cabral Carla M. , Romanoski Casey E. , Boyle Jon P. , Koshy Anita A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractToxoplasma gondii’s tropism for and persistence in the CNS underlies the symptomatic diseaseToxoplasmacauses in humans. Our recent work has shown that neurons are the primary CNS cell with whichToxoplasmainteracts and infectsin vivo. This predilection for neurons suggests thatToxoplasma’s persistence in the CNS depends specifically upon parasite manipulation of the host neurons. Yet, most work onToxoplasma-host cell interactions has been donein vitroand in non-neuronal cells. We address this gap by utilizing ourToxoplasma-Cre system that allows permanent marking and tracking of neurons injected with parasite effector proteinsin vivo. Using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA-seq, we isolated and transcriptionally profiledToxoplasma-injected neurons (TINs), Bystander neurons (nearby non-Toxoplasmainjected neurons), and neurons from uninfected mice (controls). These profiles show that TINs transcriptomes significantly differ from the transcriptomes of Bystander and control neurons and that much of this difference is driven by increased levels of transcripts from immune cells, especially CD8+T cells and monocytes. These data suggest that when we used LCM to isolate neurons from infected mice, we also picked up fragments of CD8+T cells and monocytes clustering in extreme proximity around TINs and, to a lesser extent, Bystander neurons. In addition, we found thatToxoplasmatranscripts were primarily found in the TINs transcriptome, not in the Bystander transcriptome. Collectively, these data suggest that, contrary to common perception, neurons that directly interact with or harbor parasites can be recognized by CD8+T cells.
Chimeric synthetic reference standards enable cross-validation of positive and negative controls in SARS-CoV-2 molecular tests
Authors: Madala Bindu Swapna , Reis Andre L. M. , Deveson Ira W. , Rawlinson William , Mercer Tim R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDNA synthesisin vitrohas enabled the rapid production of reference standards. These are used as controls, and allow measurement and improvement of the accuracy and quality of diagnostic tests. Current reference standards typically represent target genetic material, and act only as positive controls to assess test sensitivity. However, negative controls are also required to evaluate test specificity. Using a pair of chimeric A/B RNA standards, this allowed incorporation of positive and negative controls into diagnostic testing for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The chimeric standards constituted target regions for RT-PCR primer/probe sets that are joined in tandem across two separate synthetic molecules. Accordingly, a target region that is present in standard A provides a positive control, whilst being absent in standard B, thereby providing a negative control. This design enables cross-validation of positive and negative controls between the paired standards in the same reaction, with identical conditions. This enables control and test failures to be distinguished, increasing confidence in the accuracy of results. The chimeric A/B standards were assessed using the US Centers for Disease Control real-time RT-PCR protocol, and showed results congruent with other commercial controls in detecting SARS CoV-2 in patient samples. This chimeric reference standard design approach offers extensive flexibility, allowing representation of diverse genetic features and distantly related sequences, even from different organisms.
An imperfect tool: contact tracing could provide valuable reductions in COVID-19 transmission if good adherence can be achieved and maintained
Authors: Davis Emma L. , Lucas Tim C. D. , Borlase Anna , Pollington Timothy M. , Abbott Sam , Ayabina Diepreye , Crellen Thomas , Hellewell Joel , Pi Li ,   CMMID COVID-19 working group, Medley Graham F. , Hollingsworth T. Déirdre , Klepac Petra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that contact tracing has had limited success in the UK in reducing the R number across the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate potential pitfalls and areas for improvement by extending an existing branching process contact tracing model, adding diagnostic testing and refining parameter estimates. Our results demonstrate that reporting and adherence are the most important predictors of programme impact but tracing coverage and speed plus diagnostic sensitivity also play an important role. We conclude that well-implemented contact tracing could bring small but potentially important benefits to controlling and preventing outbreaks, providing up to a 15% reduction in R, and reaffirm that contact tracing is not currently appropriate as the sole control measure.
Longitudinal effect of gestational age on the developmental trajectory of social competence difficulties from early childhood to mid-adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort
Authors: Hosozawa Mariko , Cable Noriko , Kelly Yvonne , Sacker Amanda 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPreterm birth and maternal psychological distress are associated with an increased risk for social competence difficulties; however, little is known about how this risk changes over time and across gestational age. This study aimed to examine mean developmental trajectories of social competence difficulties from early childhood to mid- adolescence by gestational age groups: very preterm (VP, <32 weeks), moderate-to-late preterm (MLP, 32-36 weeks), early-term (37-38 weeks) and full-term (39-41 weeks) and to assess the mediating effect of maternal psychological distress during infancy on the social competence difficulties trajectories.MethodsData were analysed on 15,821 participants from the UK Millennium Cohort Study participants, a nationally-representative birth cohort. Social competence difficulties were assessed by parent report when the participants were aged 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. Maternal psychological distress was self-rated when the children were 9 months of age. Data were modelled using latent growth curve analysis.ResultsThe developmental trajectories of social competence difficulties were u-shaped in all groups showing a decline from age 3 to 7, followed by a stable low period and then an increase during adolescence. VP children (n=173) showed pronounced difficulties throughout (b=0.94, SE=0.36 at age 14). MLP children (n=1,130) and early-term children (n=3,232) showed greater difficulties compared with their full-term peers around age 7, which resolved by age 14 (b=0.20, SE=0.13; 0.03, 0.07, respectively). Maternal psychological distress during infancy mediated 20% of the above association for VP.ConclusionsThe effect of gestational age on developmental trajectories of social competence difficulties can be dose-response. Monitoring and providing support on social development throughout childhood and into their adolescence and treating early maternal psychological distress may benefit preterm children, particularly those born VP.
Kinetics of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2: comparative analytical performance of seven commercial serology tests
Authors: Herroelen Pauline H. , Martens Geert A. , De Smet Dieter , Swaerts Koen , Decavele An-Sofie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 serology tests are clinically useful to document a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with no or inconclusive PCR results and suspected COVID-19 disease or sequelae. Data are urgently needed to select the assays with optimal sensitivity at acceptable specificity.MethodsA comparative analysis of analytical sensitivity was performed of seven commercial SARS-CoV-2 serology assays on 171 sera from 135 subjects with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, composed of 71 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and 64 healthcare workers with paucisymptomatic infections. The kinetics of IgA/IgM/IgG seroconversion to viral N-and S-protein epitopes were studied from 0 to 54 days after symptom onset. Specificity was verified on 57 pre-pandemic samples.ResultsWantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Orient Gene COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test achieved a superior overall sensitivity. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay and EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined IgG/IgA also showed acceptable sensitivity (>95%) versus the consensus result of all assays from 10 days post symptom onset. Optimal specificity (>98%) was achieved only by Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay and Innovita 2019-nCoV Ab rapid test. LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG showed a significantly lower sensitivity as compared to all other assays. Lack of seroconversion by any test was seen in 1.4% of hospitalized and 4.7% of paucisymptomatic infections. Within 10 days from symptom onset, only the Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA has acceptable sensitivity.ConclusionsWantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are suitable for sensitive and specific screening of a SARS-CoV-2 infection from 10 days after symptom onset.Brief summaryThere is an urgent need for SARS-CoV-2 serology tests for the sensitive and specific detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as a complementary diagnostic tool to molecular testing. Various commercial assays are becoming available but comparison of their relative performance is difficult unless they are head-to-head evaluated. Here we compared seven commercial assays on sera equally composed of mild and severe PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Our analysis indicates a superior performance of the Wantai SARS-COV-2 ELISA for total antibodies to the S-RBD domain. Also, the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay for total antibodies to the N-protein shows good performance for high-throughput screening.