bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic changes in women with symptoms of supine hypotensive syndrome
Authors: Humphries Aimee , Mirjalili Seyed A. , Tarr Gregory P. , Thompson John M. D. , Stone Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionSupine positioning during late pregnancy causes the gravid uterus to compress the inferior vena cava, resulting in dramatic hemodynamic changes. The maintenance of placental perfusion requires maternal circulatory and autonomic adaptations. Women with supine hypotensive syndrome (defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure of anything between 15 and 30 mmHg or an increase in heart rate of 20 bpm, with or without symptoms) may have reduced ability to compensate for the effects of supine positioning.Material and methodsTwelve women with uncomplicated pregnancies and no symptoms of supine hypotension (normal) and 10 women with uncomplicated pregnancies who reported symptoms of supine hypotension between 34 and 38 weeks’ gestation underwent magnetic resonance imaging in the supine and left lateral positions. Phase contrast images were evaluated to measure blood flow through the aorta, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and azygos vein.ResultsWomen with symptoms of supine hypotension showed significant reductions in azygos venous flow rate compared with the normal group (−0.15 (−0.30 to −0.01) L/min). Those with symptoms showed no statistically significant compensatory changes in heart rate compared with the normal group (heart rate change 4.5 (−3.1 to 12.1) bpm). Hemodynamic changes in response to positioning were similar across both groups including: a reduction in inferior vena cava blood flow, reduction in cardiac output and an increase in azygos blood flow.ConclusionsMaternal hemodynamic adaptations were found to be consistent across groups irrespective of whether the women had symptoms of supine hypotension. In both groups a reduction in blood flow through the inferior vena cava occurred in the supine position with a subsequent reduction in cardiac output. Both groups showed a compensatory increase in blood flow through the azygos vein in order to partially compensate for this. Taking into account the effect of maternal position, women with symptoms were found to have reduced azygos flow compared with asymptomatic women. There was a significant increase in heart rate when the women were supine than when they were in the left lateral position.
Toll‐like receptor 10 rs4129009 gene polymorphism is associated with post‐bronchiolitis lung function in adolescence
Authors: Riikonen Riikka , Korppi Matti , Törmänen Sari , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Helminen Merja , He Qiushui , Lauhkonen Eero 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 subfamily encoding genes with lung function by spirometry at 10‐13 years of age in children who had been hospitalised for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 166 former bronchiolitis patients, 138 returned a structured questionnaire and 89 attended a clinical follow‐up visit including spirometry before and after bronchodilation at 10‐13 years of age. Data on polymorphisms of the TLR1, TLR2, TLR6 and TLR10 genes were available from 81‐82 children.ResultsIn the TLR10 rs4129009, the wild (AA) genotype was associated with lower FEV1/FVC before (92.4 vs 97.4, P = .002) and after (95.5 vs 98.6, P = .011) bronchodilator administration, compared to those with the variant genotype. When the TLR10 rs4129009 and TLR2 rs5743708 genotypes, and the TLR10 rs4129009 and TLR1 rs5743618 genotypes, respectively, were analysed as combined, both baseline and post‐bronchodilator FEV1/FVC were lowest in the subjects with the wild (AA) genotype of the TLR10 rs4129009.ConclusionIn this post‐bronchiolitis follow‐up, lung function in children with the variant TLR10 rs4129009 genotype with potentially altered TLR10 function was superior to lung function in those with the wild genotype.
Early adolescent physical activity, sleep and symptoms of depression at 16 years of age
Authors: Slykerman Rebecca F. , Thompson John MD. , Coomarasamy Christin , Wall Clare R. , Waldie Karen E. , Murphy Rinki , Mitchell Edwin A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo examine early adolescent physical activity and risk of later depressive symptoms at age 16 years in a prospective cohort study.MethodsParticipants were children and parents enrolled at birth of the child. Approximately half the children enrolled in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study were small for gestational age at birth (SGA ≤10th percentile for sex and gestation) and half were appropriate for gestational age (AGA >10th percentile). Maternal demographic data were collected at birth, and children were followed through to age 16 years. Depression at 16 was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Accelerometer measures of physical activity and sleep were measured at 11 years of age.ResultsModerate to severe depression was present in 15.6% of the 467 16‐year‐olds. Objectively measured physical activity and sleep at 11 years were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms at 16 years of age.ConclusionProspectively collected objective measures of physical activity levels and sleep were not predictive of depressive symptoms later in adolescence in a healthy community cohort. While interventions to promote increased physical activity and sleep in adolescents who are depressed may be effective, physical activity and sleep in the general population of adolescents does not protect against future depression.
On the importance of rock thermal conductivity and heat flow density in basin and petroleum system modelling
Authors: Chekhonin Evgeny , Popov Yury , Peshkov Georgy , Spasennykh Mikhail , Popov Evgeny , Romushkevich Raisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBasin and petroleum systems are routinely modelled to provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of a hydrocarbon play. The importance of the rock thermal properties and heat flow density in thermal modelling the history of a basin are well‐known, but little attention is paid to assumptions of the thermal conductivity, present‐day heat flow density and thermal history of basins. Assumed values are often far from measured values when data are available to check parameters, and effective thermal conductivity models prescribed in many basin simulators require improvement. The reconstructed thermal history is often justified by a successful calibration to present‐day temperature and vitrinite reflectance data. However, a successful calibration does not guarantee that the reconstruction history is correct. In this paper, we describe the pitfalls in setting the thermal conductivity and heat flow density in basin models and the typical uncertainties in these parameters, and we estimate the consequences by means of a one‐dimensional model of the super‐deep Tyumen SG‐6 well area that benefits from large amounts of reliable input and calibration data. The results show that the entire approach to present‐day heat flow evaluations needs to be reassessed. Unreliable heat flow density data along with a lack of measurements of rock thermal properties of cores can undermine the quality of basin and petroleum system modelling.
Perspectives on cerebral palsy in Africa: Exploring the literature through the lens of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Abdel Malek Sandra , Rosenbaum Peter , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in countries in Africa is suggested to be higher than in Western countries. Research in Western resource‐rich contexts has demonstrated the importance of environmental factors in the activities and participation of individuals with CP, as illustrated by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Although the domains of the ICF are often acknowledged in research on CP in western contexts, the extent to which these domains have been explored in resource‐limited areas is unknown. The current review aims to describe the nature of the current published literature on CP in African countries and how it aligns with the domains of the ICF.MethodsKey informants familiar with the literature on CP in Africa were consulted, and a literature search was conducted to identify articles on CP originating from countries in Africa. Identified articles were assessed to determine the ICF domains that align with the studies. Themes relating to each domain were identified.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were included. The majority of studies were quantitative (70.3%) and focused on children or caregivers. Most studies included a body functions and structures component (70.4%), focusing on impairment rather than functioning. Activities and participation domains were addressed, but often focused solely on mobility. Environmental factors typically related to resources and policies and personal factors were often unexplored.ConclusionsResearch on CP in Africa tends to be grounded in a biomedical approach to disability and does not explicitly use the ICF as a guiding framework. Studies exploring body function and structures tend to be descriptive in nature, whereas activities and participation, and environmental and personal factors, represent modifiable factors that may be addressed with interventions. Knowledge translation activities that promote the ideas of the ICF in an African context should therefore be considered.
Comparative characteristics of older people with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or insulin injection therapy: data from the German/Austrian DPV registry
Authors: Grammes J. , Küstner E. , Dapp A. , Hummel M. , Kämmer J.‐C. , Kubiak T. , Schütz‐Fuhrmann I. , Zimny S. , Bollow E. , Holl R.W. ,   for the DPV initiative
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo compare clinical characteristics and outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes aged ≥ 60 years using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) vs. insulin injection therapy. Further, to determine the percentage of older adults with type 1 diabetes using CSII.Research design and methodsRetrospective study using data of the Diabetes Prospective Follow‐up Registry (DPV). Including percentage CSII use from 2008 to 2018, and the characteristics of 9547 individuals extracted from the DPV in March 2019 (N = 1404 CSII; N = 8143 insulin injection therapy). Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for continuous variables and chi‐square tests for categorical variables to compare clinical characteristics of people using CSII vs. insulin injection therapy. Adjusted analyses used generalized linear models to compare diabetes‐related outcomes.ResultsCSII usage has increased in older adults (from 12% in 2008 to 23% in 2018). After adjustment, CSII was associated with lower HbA1c [60.7 mmol/mol (7.7 ± 0.1%) vs. 62.8% (7.9 ± 0.1%)], lower daily insulin dose (0.49 ± 0.02 vs. 0.61 ± 0.01 IU/kg), fewer days in hospital (8.1 ± 0.12 vs. 11.2 ± 0.11 days/person‐year), fewer severe hypoglycaemic events (0.16 ± 0.02 vs. 0.21 ± 0.03 events/person‐year) and fewer diabetic ketoacidosis (0.06 ± 0.01 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 events/person‐year). Individuals on CSII showed lower rates of microalbuminuria and also have a diagnosis of depression and neuropathy.ConclusionsA growing number of older adults are using insulin pumps. Older age in itself should not be seen as a contraindication for CSII.
Alterations in the whole brain network organization after prenatal ethanol exposure
Authors: Tang Shiyu , Xu Su , Zhu Wenjun , Gullapalli Rao P. , Mooney Sandra M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often have structural or functional alterations of the central nervous system, including changes in brain network organization. These have been associated with neuropsychological deficits, but outcomes are not consistent across studies. We used a rat model of FASD to assess brain network alterations in males and females following ethanol exposure during a prenatal period similar to the first half of gestation in humans.MethodsPregnant Long Evans rats were given an ethanol‐containing or isocaloric non‐ethanol diet from gestation day 6 to 20. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on offspring in young adulthood. Graph theoretical analysis was used to assess properties associated with the whole brain network organization, with a focus on segregation, integration, and small‐world organization—a feature which allows specialized local information processing (segregation) and simultaneously efficient global information sharing (integration).ResultsEthanol‐exposed females showed a significant decrease in small‐worldness compared with control females or with ethanol‐exposed males. Compared to control females, the proportion of animals with atypically high path length (1 standard deviation higher than the grand average) was significantly higher in ethanol‐exposed females, indicating that the alteration in small‐world organization is driven by decreased network integration. No significant effects were seen in males.ConclusionThe results revealed that prenatal ethanol exposure disrupts the balance between network segregation and integration in young adult female rats. The whole brain network is less integrated after ethanol exposure in the females, suggesting wide‐spread reduction of long‐range regional communication.
Structural features of the diatom photosystem II–light‐harvesting antenna complex
Authors: Wang Wenda , Zhao Songhao , Pi Xiong , Kuang Tingyun , Sui Sen‐Fang , Shen Jian‐Ren 
Published: December 2019

In photosynthesis, light energy is captured by pigments bound to light‐harvesting antenna proteins (LHC) that then transfer the energy to the photosystem (PS) cores to initiate photochemical reactions. The LHC proteins surround the PS cores to form PS‐LHC supercomplexes. In order to adapt to a wide range of light environments, photosynthetic organisms have developed a large variety of pigments and antenna proteins to utilize the light energy efficiently under different environments. Diatoms are a group of important eukaryotic algae and possess fucoxanthin (Fx) chlorophyll a/c proteins (FCP) as antenna which have exceptional capabilities of harvesting blue‐green light under water and dissipate excess energy under strong light conditions. We have solved the structure of a PSII–FCPII supercomplex from a centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis by cryo‐electron microscopy, and also the structure of an isolated FCP dimer from a pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by X‐ray crystallography at a high resolution. These results revealed the oligomerization states of FCPs distinctly different from those of LHCII found in the green lineage organisms, the detailed binding patterns of Chl c and Fxs, a huge pigment network, and extensive protein–protein, pigment–protein, and pigment–pigment interactions within the PSII–FCPII supercomplex. These results therefore provide a solid structural basis for examining the detailed mechanisms of the highly efficient energy transfer and quenching processes in diatoms.
Early mortality after late initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Rupasinghe D , Kiertiburanakul S , Kamarulzaman A , Zhang F , Kumarasamy N , Chaiwarith R , Merati TP , Do CD , Khusuwan S , Avihingsanon A , Lee MP , Ly PS , Yunihastuti E , Nguyen KV , Ditangco R , Chan YJ , Pujari S , Ng OT , Choi JY , Sim BLH , Tanuma J , Sangle S , Ross J , Law M 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesEarly mortality among those still initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced stages of HIV infection in resource‐limited settings remains high despite recommendations for universal HIV treatment. We investigated risk factors associated with early mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) starting ART at low CD4 levels in the Asia‐Pacific.MethodsPLHIV enrolled in the Therapeutics, Research, Education and AIDS Training in Asia (TREAT Asia) HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) who initiated ART with a CD4 count < 100 cells/μL between 2003 and 2018 were included in the study. Early mortality was defined as death within 1 year of ART initiation. PLHIV in follow‐up for > 1 year were censored at 12 months. Competing risk regression was used to analyse risk factors with loss to follow‐up as a competing risk.ResultsA total of 1813 PLHIV were included in the study, of whom 74% were male. With 73 (4%) deaths, the overall first‐year mortality rate was 4.27 per 100 person‐years (PY). Thirty‐eight deaths (52%) were AIDS‐related, 10 (14%) were immune reconstituted inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)‐related, 13 (18%) were non‐AIDS‐related and 12 (16%) had an unknown cause. Risk factors included having a body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 [sub‐hazard ratio (SHR) 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–5.32] compared to BMI 18.5–24.9, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 5 times its upper limit of normal (ULN) (SHR 6.14; 95% CI 1.62–23.20) compared to ALT < 5 times its ULN. A higher CD4 count (51–100 cells/μL: SHR 0.28; 95% CI 0.14–0.55; and > 100 cells/μL: SHR 0.12; 95% CI 0.05–0.26) was associated with reduced hazard for mortality compared to CD4 count ≤ 25 cells/μL.ConclusionsFifty‐two per cent of early deaths were AIDS‐related. Efforts to initiate ART at CD4 counts > 50 cell/μL are associated with improved short‐term survival rates, even in those with late stages of HIV disease.
Health motive and the purchase of organic food: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Rana Jyoti , Paul Justin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are many empirically determined influential factors known to control the organic food purchase behaviour. Of these known factors‐ health, product quality and concern for natural environmental degradation are seen as the major motives behind the organic food purchase. We, therefore, attempted to investigate the most prominent reason(s) for buying organic food, using the meta‐analyses of studies published during the last 25 years as our basis for conviction. Multilevel meta‐analyses was applied to the studies in review, in order to find the major reason(s) for the purchase of organic grocery, milk, fruits and vegetables. Although the three motivational factors mentioned above have been echoed throughout the history of organic food purchase research, the health factor has always topped the priority chart. The study in its overall empirical scale contributes to managerial implications and sets an agenda for future research.
Persistence of H7N9 virus antibody response 2 years after infection
Authors: Yao Lin , Wang Guo‐Lin , Chen Li‐Ling , Liu Cheng , Duan Li‐Jun , Gray Gregory C. , Ma Mai‐Juan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe measured antibodies against H7N9 virus 2 years after infection in 14 patients who were infected during October 2016‐September 2017. Approximately 2 years after infection, antibody titers ≥10 were detectable in 13 (92.9%) patients. Three (21.4%) of 14 patients had hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40, and their geometric mean titer (GMT) was 20 (95% CI 15.7‐28.1), whereas 10 (71.4%) and all 14 (100%) of the 14 patients had titers ≥40, and GMTs at 34.4 (95% CI 25.7‐51.2) and 73.45 (54.7‐106.7) for neuraminidase inhibition and microneutralization antibodies, respectively. Our findings suggest that H7N9 infection may induce long‐term antibody response at least 2 years after infection.
Understanding AMD from lab and clinical studies
Authors: Lotery Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTremendous progress has been made in understanding the aetiology and the development of treatments for age related macular degeneration over the last twenty years. This lecture will review this progress and discuss the current unmet needs in terms of understanding aetiology and developing better therapies. It will highlight the importance and synergy of clinical and laboratory studies and what the next steps might be in understanding and treating this devastating disease.
The London Project to cure blindness at 10 years: Have we found a cure?
Authors: Coffey Pete 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe London Project to Cure Blindness is a collaboration between Professor Pete Coffey and Dr Lyndon da Cruz from University College London and Moorfields Eye Hospital. The project aims to use Stem Cell technology to restore sight, prevent progression and ultimately improve the quality of life for patients with Age‐Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and other retinal and macular disorders, combining cutting edge knowledge and technology from the laboratory, clinic and operating theatre.
Molecular diagnostics and ophthalmic pathology: Where are we up to?
Authors: Coupland Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurgical pathology is rapidly developing and evolving, with the incorporation of new technologies, which enable the pathologist to provide more accurate diagnoses as well as additional information that is important for treatment choices, response prediction and prognostication. The newer technologies encompass molecular pathology, digital pathology, as well as artificial intelligence, and can be applied on both tissue and liquid samples. Molecular pathology includes the application of a wide range of ‘omics – i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics etc. Multicentre collaborations have enabled the sequencing of the human genome, the development of the human protein atlas and the human metabolome database. These projects provide the basis of designing new molecular panels and tests to be used in routine pathology. In this lecture, I will take you through how molecular diagnostics have fast‐tracked ophthalmic pathology into an exciting new era of improved personalised medicine, and have enabled a better understanding of the pathogenesis of eye diseases – particularly eye tumours – and this, in turn, has allowed for the development of targeted treatments.
Dealing with the complication of uveitis
Authors: Tranos Paris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUveitis is a relatively rare but potentially sight threatening condition affecting usually patients at working age. It is considered an ophthalmic emergency requiring thorough examination and urgent treatment to control the inflammation and manage associated ocular complications. Identifying the underlying etiology is often challenging since many inflammatory conditions share common features with overlapping characteristics. A systematic approach during clinical examination, with effective interpretation of clinical signs and imaging results is essential in order to reveal the correct diagnosis. An update in current imaging trends for inflammatory disorders along with pearls in optimal diagnostic techniques will be presented through a plethora of relevant clinical cases.