bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion capture-based animated characters for the study of speech–gesture integration
Authors: Nirme Jens , Haake Magnus , Gulz Agneta , Gullberg Marianne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDigitally animated characters are promising tools in research studying how we integrate information from speech and visual sources such as gestures because they allow specific gesture features to be manipulated in isolation. We present an approach combining motion capture and 3D-animated characters that allows us to manipulate natural individual gesture strokes for experimental purposes, for example to temporally shift and present gestures in ecologically valid sequences. We exemplify how such stimuli can be used in an experiment investigating implicit detection of speech–gesture (a) synchrony, and discuss the general applicability of the workflow for research in this domain.
K2-19b and c are in a 3:2 Commensurability but out of Resonance: A Challenge to Planet Assembly by Convergent Migration
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Livingston John , Batygin Konstantin , Mills Sean M. , Werner Michael , Isaacson Howard , Fulton Benjamin J. , Howard Andrew W. , Weiss Lauren M. , Espinoza Néstor , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Shporer Avi , Bayliss Daniel , Barros S. C. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
K2-19b and c were among the first planets discovered by NASA’s K2 mission and together stand in stark contrast with the physical and orbital properties of the solar system planets. The planets are between the size of Uranus and Saturn at 7.0 ± 0.2

and 4.1 ± 0.2

, respectively, and reside a mere 0.1% outside the nominal 3:2 mean-motion resonance. They represent a different outcome of the planet formation process than the solar system, as well as the vast majority of known exoplanets. We measured the physical and orbital properties of these planets using photometry from K2, Spitzer, and ground-based telescopes, along with radial velocities from Keck/HIRES. Through a joint photodynamical model, we found that the planets have moderate eccentricities of e ≈ 0.20 and well-aligned apsides Δϖ ≈ 0°. The planets occupy a strictly nonresonant configuration: the resonant angles circulate rather than librate. This defies the predictions of standard formation pathways that invoke convergent or divergent migration, both of which predict Δϖ ≈ 180° and eccentricities of a few percent or less. We measured masses of M

p,b
= 32.4 ± 1.7

and M

p,c
= 10.8 ± 0.6

. Our measurements, with 5% fractional uncertainties, are among the most precise of any sub-Jovian exoplanet. Mass and size reflect a planet’s core/envelope structure. Despite having a relatively massive core of

≈ 15

, K2-19b is envelope-rich, with an envelope mass fraction of roughly 50%. This planet poses a challenge to standard models of core-nucleated accretion, which predict that cores ≳10

will quickly accrete gas and trigger runaway accretion when the envelope mass exceeds that of the core.
MOPSS. II. Extreme Optical Scattering Slope for the Inflated Super-Neptune HATS-8b
Authors: May E. M. , Gardner T. , Rauscher E. , Monnier J. D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present results for the inflated super-Neptune HATS-8b from the Michigan Optical Planetary Spectra Survey (MOPSS). This program is aimed at creating a database of optical planetary transmission spectra all observed, reduced, and analyzed with a uniform method for the benefit of enabling comparative exoplanet studies. HATS-8b orbits a G dwarf and is a low-density super-Neptune with a radius of 0.873 R
Jup, a mass of 0.138 M
Jup, and a density of 0.259 g cm−3. Two transits of HATS-8b were observed in 2017 July and August with the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) instrument on the Magellan Baade 6.5 m telescope. We find an enhanced scattering slope on each night that agree within 2.3σ. This slope is stronger than one due only to Rayleigh scattering and cannot be fully explained by unocculted starspots. We explore the impact of condensates on the scattering slope and determine that MnS particulates smaller than 10−2
μm can explain up to 80% of our measured slope if the planet is warmer than equilibrium, or 50% of the slope at the equilibrium temperature of the planet for a low mean molecular weight atmosphere. The scattering slope that we observe is thus beyond even the most extreme haze case we consider. We suggest further follow up on this target and host star to determine if the temporal variation of the slope is primarily due to stellar or planetary effects, and to better understand what these effects may be.
Supervised Machine Learning for Intercomparison of Model Grids of Brown Dwarfs: Application to GJ 570D and the Epsilon Indi B Binary System
Authors: Oreshenko Maria , Kitzmann Daniel , Márquez-Neila Pablo , Malik Matej , Bowler Brendan P. , Burgasser Adam J. , Sznitman Raphael , Fisher Chloe E. , Heng Kevin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Self-consistent model grids of brown dwarfs involve complex physics and chemistry, and are often computed using proprietary computer codes, making it challenging to identify the reasons for discrepancies between model and data as well as between the models produced by different research groups. In the current study, we demonstrate a novel method for analyzing brown dwarf spectra, which combines the use of the Sonora, AMES-cond, and HELIOS model grids with the supervised machine-learning method of the random forest. Besides performing atmospheric retrieval, the random forest enables information content analysis of the three model grids as a natural outcome of the method, both individually on each grid and by comparing the grids against one another, by computing large suites of mock retrievals. Our analysis reveals that the different choices made in modeling the alkali line shapes hinder the use of the alkali lines as gravity indicators. Nevertheless, the spectrum longward of 1.2 μm encodes enough information on the surface gravity to allow its inference from retrieval. Temperature may be accurately and precisely inferred independent of the choice of model grid, but not the surface gravity. We apply random forest retrieval to three objects: the benchmark T7.5 brown dwarf GJ 570D, and ϵ Indi Ba (T1.5 brown dwarf) and Bb (T6 brown dwarf), which are part of a binary system and have measured dynamical masses. For GJ 570D, the inferred effective temperature and surface gravity are consistent with previous studies. For ϵ Indi Ba and Bb, the inferred surface gravities are broadly consistent with the values informed by the dynamical masses.
The Gas–Star Formation Cycle in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies. I. Assessment of Multi-scale Variations
Authors: Schinnerer Eva , Hughes Annie , Leroy Adam , Groves Brent , Blanc Guillermo A. , Kreckel Kathryn , Bigiel Frank , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel , Emsellem Eric , Faesi Christopher , Glover Simon , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan , Hygate Alexander , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meidt Sharon , Pety Jerome , Querejeta Miguel , Rosolowsky Erik , Saito Toshiki , Schruba Andreas , Sun Jiayi , Utomo Dyas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The processes regulating star formation in galaxies are thought to act across a hierarchy of spatial scales. To connect extragalactic star formation relations from global and kiloparsec-scale measurements to recent cloud-scale resolution studies, we have developed a simple, robust method that quantifies the scale dependence of the relative spatial distributions of molecular gas and recent star formation. In this paper, we apply this method to eight galaxies with ∼1″ resolution molecular gas imaging from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS–ALMA (PHANGS–ALMA) survey and PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS) that have matched resolution, high-quality narrowband Hα imaging. At a common scale of 140 pc, our massive (log(M
⋆[M
⊙]) = 9.3–10.7), normally star-forming (SFR[M
⊙ yr−1] = 0.3–5.9) galaxies exhibit a significant reservoir of quiescent molecular gas not associated with star formation as traced by Hα emission. Galactic structures act as backbones for both molecular gas and H ii region distributions. As we degrade the spatial resolution, the quiescent molecular gas disappears, with the most rapid changes occurring for resolutions up to ∼0.5 kpc. As the resolution becomes poorer, the morphological features become indistinct for spatial scales larger than ∼1 kpc. The method is a promising tool to search for relationships between the quiescent or star-forming molecular reservoir and galaxy properties, but requires a larger sample size to identify robust correlations between the star-forming molecular gas fraction and global galaxy parameters.
Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather
Authors: Balan N. , Zhang Qing-He , Xing Zanyang , Skoug R. , Shiokawa K. , Lühr H. , Ram S. Tulasi , Otsuka Y. , Zhao Lingxin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper investigates the capability of geomagnetic storm parameters in the disturbance storm-time (Dst), Kp, and AE indices to distinguish between severe space weather (SvSW) that causes the reported electric power outages and/or telecommunication failures and normal space weather (NSW) that does not cause these severe effects in a 50 yr period (1958–2007). The parameters include the storm intensities DstMin (minimum Dst during the main phase, MP, of the storm), (dDst/dt)MPmax, Kpmax, and AEmax. In addition, the impulsive parameter

is derived for the storms that are automatically identified in the Kyoto Dst and USGS

is the integral of the modulus of the Dst from onset of the MP (MPO) to the DstMin. T
MP is the MP duration from MPO to DstMin. The corresponding mean values

and

are also calculated. Regardless of the significant differences in the storm parameters between the two Dst indices, the IpsDst in both indices seems to identify four of the five SvSW events (and the Carrington event) in more than 750 NSW events that have been reported to have occurred in 1958–2007, while all other parameters separate one or two SvSWs from the NSWs. Using the Kyoto IpsDst threshold of −250 nT, we demonstrate a 100% true SvSW identification rate with only one false NSW. Using the false NSW event (1972 August 4), we investigate whether using a higher resolution Dst might result in a more accurate identification of SvSWs. The mechanism of the impulsive action leading to large IpsDst and SvSW involves the coincidence that the fast interplanetary coronal mass ejection velocity V contains its shock (or front) velocity

and large interplanetary magnetic field Bz southward covering

.
Discovery of a Powerful >1061 erg AGN Outburst in the Distant Galaxy Cluster SPT-CLJ0528-5300
Authors: Calzadilla Michael S. , McDonald Michael , Bayliss Matthew , Benson Bradford A. , Bleem Lindsey E. , Brodwin Mark , Edge Alastair C. , Floyd Benjamin , Gupta Nikhel , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , McNamara Brian R. , Reichardt Christian L. ,   (SPT collaboration)
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present ∼103 ks of Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster SPT-CLJ0528-5300 (SPT0528, z = 0.768). This cluster harbors the most radio-loud (L
1.4GHz = 1.01 × 1033 erg s−1 Hz−1) central active galactic nucleus (AGN) of any cluster in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich survey with available X-ray data. We find evidence of AGN-inflated cavities in the X-ray emission, which are consistent with the orientation of the jet direction revealed by Australia Telescope Compact Array radio data. The combined probability that two such depressions—each at ∼1.4–1.8σ significance, oriented ∼180° apart and aligned with the jet axis—would occur by chance is 0.1%. At ≳1061 erg, the outburst in SPT0528 is among the most energetic known in the universe, and certainly the most powerful known at z > 0.25. This work demonstrates that such powerful outbursts can be detected even in shallow X-ray exposures out to relatively high redshifts (z ∼ 0.8), providing an avenue for studying the evolution of extreme AGN feedback. The ratio of the cavity power (

P

cav

=
(
9.4
±
5.8
)
×

10

45

erg s−1) to the cooling luminosity (L
cool = (1.5 ± 0.5) × 1044 erg s−1) for SPT0528 is among the highest measured to date. If, in the future, additional systems are discovered at similar redshifts with equally high P
cav/L
cool ratios, it would imply that the feedback/cooling cycle was not as gentle at high redshifts as in the low-redshift universe.
Heat transfer intensification in emergency cooling heat exchanger and dry cooling towers on nuclear power plant using air-water mist flow
Authors: Abed Akram H. , Shcheklein Sergey E. , Pakhaluev Valery M. 
Published: December 2019

Advanced nuclear power plants are equipped with passive emergency heat removal systems (PEHRS) for removing the decay heat from reactor equipment in accidents accompanied by primary circuit leakage to the final heat absorber (ambient air). Herein, the intensity of heat dissipation to air from the outer surface of the heat exchanger achieved by buoyancy induced natural convection is extremely low, which need to a large heat exchanger surface area, apply different types of heat transfer intensification including (grooves, ribs and extended surfaces, positioning at higher altitudes, etc.). The intensity of heat removal is also strongly dependent on the ambient air temperature (disposable temperature head).
Construction of nuclear power plants in countries with high ambient temperatures (Iran, Bangladesh, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and others) which are characterized by a high level of ambient temperature imposes additional requirements on the increase of the heat exchange surfaces.
The experimental investigation results of heat transfer intensification by a low energy ultrasonic which supply a fine liquid droplet (size ~3 µm) in the cooling air are presented in the present paper. In such case, the heat transfer between the surface and cooling flow involves the following three physical effects: convection, conductive heat transfer, and evaporation of water droplets. The last two effects weakly depend on the ambient air temperature and provide an active heat removal in any situation.
The investigation was performed using a high-precision calorimeter with a controlled rate of heat supply (between 7800 and 12831 W/m2) imitating heated surface within the range of Reynolds numbers from 2500 to 55000 and liquid (water) flow rates from 23.39 to 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1.
The studies demonstrated that the presence of finely dispersed water results in a significant increase in heat transfer compared with the case of using purely air-cooling. With a fixed heat flux, the energy efficiency increases with increasing water concentration, reaching the values over 600 W·m-2·C-1 at 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1, which is 2.8 times higher than for air cooling. With further development of research in order to clarify the optimal areas of intensification, it is possible to use this technology to intensify heat transfer to the air in dry cooling towers of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants used in hot and extreme continental climates.
Corrosion tests in water of fuel elements irradiated in the world’s first NPP reactor
Authors: Ivanov Sergey N. , Porollo Sergey I. , Baranaev Yury D. , Timofeev Vladimir F. , Kharizomenov Yury V. 
Published: December 2019

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage in reactor spent fuel pools (SFP) is one of the crucial stages of SNF management technology: it requires special measures to ensure nuclear and radiation safety. During long-term storage in water-filled SFPs, leak-tight canisters in which SFAs are usually placed can become unsealed, which will result in the development of corrosion processes in the fuel element (FE) claddings.
We studied fragments of spent fuel elements of the AM reactor of the World’s First NPP during their long exposure in the aqueous medium. The aim of the study was to obtain experimental data on the corrosion changes in the FE claddings and fuel composition during storage as well as on the release of radioactive fission products from them. For the study, a laboratory facility for exposing fuel elements in the water was developed and experimental fragments of fuel elements were made. The study was carried out in the hot chamber of the SSC RF-IPPE. The change in the activity of the water was estimated by the γ-dose rate from the selected water sample. The diameter measurements and metallographic studies were carried out in various sections of FE fragments.
Corrosion tests were carried out on fragments of spent fuel elements of the AM reactor of the World’s First NPP that were stored for a long time (more than 50 years – FEs with U-Mo fuel and ~ 20 years – FEs with UO2 fuel) using standard technology – first in SFP canisters filled with water and then in dry canisters in the air. Placing the fuel elements in the water did not lead to through damage to the FE claddings and a significant change in the size (diameter) of the outer cladding. Metallographic studies of the FE fragments after the corrosion tests showed the presence of intergranular and local frontal corrosion on the surface of the claddings, the depth of which exceeded the depth of the cladding corrosion defects before testing. The rate of radionuclide release from the fuel composition was estimated by the γ-dose rate of water samples taken from the glasses with FE fragments. Throughout the test period, the dose rate of water samples from the glasses with defect-free FEs remained constant. The dose rate from water samples taken from the glasses with the FE fragments with an artificial defect grew during storage.
La Cour pénale internationale pèse-t-elle encore sur l’échiquier mondial ?
Authors: Hubrecht Joël 
Published: December 2019

Après deux décennies, le bilan de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI) est maigre : quatre condamnations ont été prononcées et des acquittements retentissants ont entaché sa crédibilité. Les limites à l’action de la Cour sont criantes et les marges de manœuvre du procureur réduites. La CPI n’a pu intervenir ni en Syrie, ni en Irak, ni au Yémen. Ses relations avec ses États membres et avec le Conseil de sécurité buttent sur leurs limites et leurs ambiguïtés. L'avenir de la Cour apparaît sombre.
Le traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle : promesse de convergence pour couple divisé
Authors: Stark Hans 
Published: December 2019

Le traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle, sous de multiples engagements, dissimule nombre de désaccords : sur la défense, l’avenir de l’Union européenne, les politiques économiques, les rapports avec la Russie… La campagne pour les élections européennes a d’ailleurs éclairé ces divergences. L’ensemble franco-allemand a néanmoins réussi à préserver une étonnante capacité de compromis : c’est sur cette capacité que s’appuie sa durabilité, au-delà d’un traité qui pourrait ne pas remplir ses promesses.
Trump, l’Europe et l’OTAN : retour vers le futur
Authors: Johnston Seth A. 
Published: December 2019

Donald Trump a fortement critiqué l’Organisation du traité de l’Atlantique Nord (OTAN) et mis en doute la volonté des Européens de payer pour leur propre défense. Les tensions dans les relations transatlantiques ont été qualifiées de « crise ». Pourtant, la situation actuelle s’inscrit dans une certaine continuité historique. En 70 ans d’existence, l’OTAN a traversé des crises bien plus graves et a fait preuve d’une résilience remarquable. L’Alliance atlantique, pour peu qu'on la soutienne, a de beaux jours devant elle.
Non-convex Optimization via Strongly Convex Majorization-minimization
Authors: Mayeli Azita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a class of nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, and we propose to use a local iterative minimization-majorization (MM) algorithm to find an optimal solution for the optimization problem. The cost functions in our optimization problems are an extension of convex functions with MC separable penalty, which were previously introduced by Ivan Selesnick. These functions are not convex; therefore, convex optimization methods cannot be applied here to prove the existence of optimal minimum point for these functions. For our purpose, we use convex analysis tools to first construct a class of convex majorizers, which approximate the value of non-convex cost function locally, then use the MM algorithm to prove the existence of local minimum. The convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed when the iterative points $x^{(k)}$ are obtained in a ball centred at $x^{(k-1)}$ with small radius. We prove that the algorithm converges to a stationary point (local minimum) of cost function when the surregators are strongly convex.
Open Literacy: Helen of Troy, Richard Hoggart, Phonic Wars, Greta Thunberg
Authors: Hartley John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Social media and videogames are often blamed for individual behavioural delinquency, but rarely praised for cultural creativity, social innovation, or helping us to form new social groups or work through new ideas. Videogames are now a political football, both in the US (where they’re blamed for gun crime) and in China (where they’re blamed for childhood myopia). Every new media form has grown up surrounded by those wanting to control it.
Popular literacy has never been free and open. Popular novels and the press; cinema and TV; and more recently digital and social media, have all attracted the wrath of incumbent commercial, government or social interests. But in the era of open access, open science, open knowledge, what about open literacy? Can it be extended to whole populations, across demographic borders, at global scale, for purposeless but nevertheless pedagogic play, and for social innovation? Or will it, like predecessor forms, be dismissed as a delinquent waste of time or commodified instrument for profit, power and mass persuasion?
Mujeres empoderadas y emprendedoras sociales: análisis comparativo de tres empresas poblanas en México
Authors: Villanueva Héctor Manuel , Tapia Villagomez Ivonne 
Published: December 2019

Esta investigación presenta un análisis comparativo de tres estudios originales y cualitativos que se realizaron en 2018 y 2019, en las empresas mexicanas Taselotzin, Artemali y en EL PIRA Hermanos, ubicadas en el estado de Puebla. En estas investigaciones se identificó la relación entre las variables: emprendimiento social y empoderamiento de la mujer rural. En el presente estudio, se utilizó la técnica documental y se compararon las categorías de análisis de las investigaciones anteriores: negocio propio, toma de decisiones para la comunidad, capacitación, aprendizaje, cultura y sustentabilidad. Se concluyó que los tres emprendimientos son proclives a capacitación, la cual contribuyó al aprendizaje organizacional y la innovación, y a su vez, a hacer más competitiva a la empresa. Las tres empresas llevan a cabo acciones de sustentabilidad, Artemali y Taselotzin, orientadas principalmente al cuidado de la naturaleza. Todas han generado beneficios a su comunidad, Taselotzin oponiéndose a la construcción de una mina y línea de alta tensión en Cuetzalan, Artemali, participando en campañas de salud, recolectando de manera moderada su materia prima y cuidando el bosque de la depredación de sus recursos, además de impartir cursos de separación de residuos a los niños y de herbolaria tradicional. El PIRA hermanos por su parte, normando la actividad de la pirotecnia a nivel estatal para evitar accidentes que llegan a ser fatales.
Realidad Empresarial No. 8, 2019: 36-42