bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirements upon Agreements in Favour of the NCC and the German Chambers – Clashing with the Brussels Ibis Regulation?
Authors: Antonopoulou Georgia 
Published: January 2020

Requirements upon Agreements in Favour of the NCC and the German Chambers – Clashing with the Brussels Ibis Regulation?
In recent years, the Netherlands and Germany have added themselves to the ever-growing number of countries opting for the creation of an international commercial court. The Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC) and the German Chambers for International Commercial Disputes (Kammern für internationale Handelssachen, KfiH) will conduct proceedings entirely in English and follow their own, diverging rules of civil procedure. Aspiring to become the future venues of choice in international commercial disputes, the NCC law and the legislative proposal for the establishment of the KfiH allow parties to agree on their jurisdiction and entail detailed provisions regulating such agreements. In particular, the NCC requires the parties’ express and in writing agreement to litigate before it. In a similar vein, the KfiH legislative proposal requires in some instances an express and in writing agreement. Although such strict formal requirements are justified by the need to safeguard the procedural rights of weaker parties such as small enterprises and protect them from the peculiarities of the NCC and the KfiH, this article questions their compliance with the requirements upon choice of court agreements under Article 25 (1) Brussels Ibis Regulation. By qualifying agreements in favour of the NCC and the KfiH first as functional jurisdiction agreements and then as procedural or court language agreements this article concludes that the formal requirements set by the NCC law and the KfiH proposal undermine the effectiveness of the Brussels Ibis Regulation, complicate the establishment of these courts’ jurisdiction and may thus threaten their attractiveness as future litigation destinations.
A Typology of Western Music and Theatre Activity in South-East Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea Region in Premodern Times (16th–19th Centuries)
Authors: Puchner Walter 
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overall picture of theatrical and musical activity of western origin in south-east Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean from the 16th to the 19th centuries, focusing on religious theatre in the archipelagus, Italian opera on the Ionian Islands as well as ambulant ensembles of prose theatre (mainly Greek) and amateur performances. The investigation focuses on cities such as Constantinople, Odessa, Bucharest, Jassy, Smyrna, Alexandria and islands such as Crete, Corfu, Zante, Chios, Naxos and Cyprus. Moreover, the significant role of translations of libretti by Pietro Metastasio is discussed as well as the activity of Giuseppe Donizetti, who introduced western music to the Ottoman court.
La prisión permanente revisable. Un análisis del argumento internacional
Authors: Martínez Guerra Amparo 
Published: January 2020

La Ley Orgánica 1/2015, 30 de marzo de modificación del Código Penal introdujo como nueva pena la prisión permanente revisable tras 25 años. De acuerdo con el art. 25.2 CE, las penas privativas de libertad y las medidas de seguridad estarán orientadas hacia la reinserción y la reducación social. Para defender la constitucionalidad de la nueva pena, el Legislador español acudió a la firma y ratificación del Estatuto de Roma para el establecimiento de la Corte Penal Internacional. Su art. 77.1 b) prevé la imposición de una pena de prisión de por vida cuando así lo justifiquen la extrema gravedad del delito y las circunstancias personales del condenado.The Organic Law 1/2015, 30 march for the amendment of the Spanish Criminal Code introduced as a new penalty the permanent prison with possibility of parole after 25 years. Pursuant to art. 25.2 of the Spanish Constitution, punishments entailing imprisonment and security measures shall be aimed reeducation and social rehabilitation. In order to support the constitutionality of the penalty, the Legislator argued that Spain signed and ratified the Rome Statute for the establishment of the International Criminal Law. According to art. 77. 1 b) the Court may imposed a term of life imprisonment when justifed by the extreme gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of the convicted person.
Aproveitamento dos resíduos de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) no controle alternativo de fungos fitopatogênicos
Authors: Kasper Aline Aparecida Munchen , Sousa Sara Freitas de , Martin Breno Sena de San , Sartoratto Adilson , Nunes Kariane Mendes , Sousa Júnior José Jeosafa Vieira de , Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo da , Barata Lauro Euclides Soares 
Published: January 2020

Fungos fitopatogênicos são responsáveis por doenças que causam grandes perdas agrícolas. O tratamento convencional é realizado por agrotóxicos e embora esses produtos reduzam significativamente as perdas, ocasionam sérias contaminações ambientais, contribuem para o surgimento de patógenos resistentes e eliminam agentes de controle biológico natural. Produtos naturais obtidos de plantas, como óleos essenciais e extratos, possuem substâncias bioativas que têm demonstrado potencial atividade antifúngica. A priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) é uma planta encontrada na Amazônia, muito utilizada no preparo de colônias artesanais. A alguns anos, o óleo essencial da espécie se tornou matéria-prima da Perfumaria Nacional e seu cultivo passou a ser em escala comercial, tornando-se fonte de renda para comunidades do entorno de Belém/PA. No processo de obtenção de óleo essencial são gerados grandes quantidades de resíduo sólido (massa vegetal após a retirada do óleo essencial). Esse trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação da atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial, extrato hexânico e etanólico de priprioca e extrato hexânico e etanólico do resíduo sólido de priprioca, visando o aproveitamento dos resíduos no controle de fitopatógenos responsáveis por grandes perdas na produção agrícola. Para tanto, óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação (6h) e os extratos obtidos via Soxhlet (8h). Foram avaliadas as Concentrações Mínimas Inibitórias (CMI) pelo método de microdiluição e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) para os tratamentos ativos. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de 1000 a 15,625 µg/mL frente a Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Macrophomina phaseolina. Os extratos etanólicos e hexânico do resíduo sólido apresentaram maior atividade antifúngica, principalmente frente a S. sclerotiorum, sendo fungicidas a 125 e 250 µg/mL, respectivamente. O óleo essencial foi inativo frente aos fitopatógenos teste. Tais resultados indicaram a eficácia dos extratos do resíduo de priprioca frente a fungos fitopatogênicos. O resíduo sólido é gerado em grandes quantidades durante a extração do óleo essencial e não possui valor agregado, tornando-o candidato a matéria-prima de produtos sustentáveis e de baixo impacto ambiental, que atuem no controle alternativo de fungos fitopatogênicos.
Co-consuming a “fun addiction”
Authors: Miller Farley 
Published: January 2020

Once considered an obsolete technology, modular synthesizers have experienced an unanticipated renaissance since the 1990s. While the reemergence of interest in modular synthesizers is attributable to a variety of factors, the internet has played an especially important role in facilitating the growth of a distributed, virtual scene around these instruments. Though several formats exist, Eurorack’s commercial and cultural growth has been the most dramatic. Once the province solely of specialists, Eurorack modules are now manufactured by large firms like Roland and Behringer and sold by mainstream music retailers like Guitar Center and Sweetwater.
For many users, a Eurorack system is a physical manifestation of their musical tastes and aspirations. The planning, purchasing, and realization of a system is thus a constitutive element of self-identification and belonging within the scene. But while Eurorack users privilege customization to an intense degree, the modality of their choice is strongly mediated by communal wisdom and the personal testimony of distant others. How do scene members negotiate these tensions? In order to explicate these dynamics, I analyze two interrelated phenomena that are characteristic of the milieu: (1) personal narratives of an individual’s journey through modular synthesis and Eurorack; and (2) the instructional and promotional roles played by user-made demonstration videos of Eurorack modules. Both reveal a gap between the imagined and actual affordances of a system and its user, a discrepancy that I address by introducing the notion of “drift.”
The marked heterogeneity of Eurorack and the potential of a system for future modification strongly distinguishes it from other formats, and I conclude by discussing Eurorack as an instrument that is never “finished.” As such, Eurorack invites us to consider a musical instrument not just as a bounded object or assemblage, but as an ongoing process of individuation rooted in practices of co-consumption.
Educación para la Ciudadanía en España. Una asignatura para la confrontación ideológica y política
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez A. Ernesto , García Ruiz Carmen Rosa 
Published: January 2020

En España vivimos una de las cuestiones más controvertidas de la educación por la implantación de Educación para la Ciudadanía y los Derechos Humanos, una materia escolar recomendada reiteradamente por la Unión Europea y organismos internacionales. Esta polémica trascendió lo educativo al responder a una estrategia política revestida de argumentos religiosos basados en axiomas profundamente antidemocráticos. La presente investigación utiliza el método histórico aplicado al análisis del currículo. La documentación utilizada procede, principalmente, de la prescripción curricular, fuentes hemerográficas y judiciales. Su análisis ha permitido centrarnos en cómo los colectivos más tradicionales de la sociedad utilizaron el espacio público para perpetuar su poder y control, frenando cambios en el currículo y en la práctica educativa. El artículo pretende evidenciar la existencia de una concatenación de acciones perfectamente acompasadas y secuenciadas con la intención de obstaculizar la implantación de la materia y mantener la hegemonía de unos particulares valores religiosos por encima de los civiles. Una confrontación latente que espera su reactivación.
Estudio paleontológico de los gasterópodos y escafópodos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla)
Authors: Cárdenas Joaquín , Bajo Ildefonso , Maestre M. Vicente 
Published: January 2020

Se ha estudiado el conjunto de gaster.podos y escafápodos correspondiente al Tortoniense superior en el yacimiento de Arroyo Trujillo (Cantillana, Sevilla), en el borde norte de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Se han identificado 194 taxones de gasterópodos y 8 de escafópodos. Todos ellos han sido localizados en los tramos III y IV, de los cinco diferenciados en el yacimiento (Cárdenas et al., 2017). De sus improntas tafonómicas se deduce que los ejemplares han sufrido arrastres puntuales, remociones junto con los sedimentos del fondo marino con posteriores resedimentaciones, y por sus escasas bioerosiones y bioincrustaciones, producidas por otros seres vivos, un enterramiento temprano. Se analiza la distribución espacial de las especies durante el Neógeno en los dominios Atlántico, Mediterráneo y Paratethys, y se constata una mayor coincidencia del conjunto de gasterópodos y escafópodos del yacimiento con el conjunto de éstos citados en la zona mediterránea que con los citados en la zona atlántica. También se analizan determinados movimientos migratorios de algunas especies entre los diferentes dominios marinos. Caso muy problemático e incierto es la dispersión de Turritella incisaeformis. En cuanto a las condiciones ambientales, se deduce una batimetría de 20-40 m. para el tramo III y 50-80 m. para el tramo IV; una salinidad normal y temperatura tropical o subtropical corroborada por la abundancia de especies de gasterópodos termófilos.
Pre-Messinian ecological diversity of Mediterranean sharks revealed by the study of their dermal denticles
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. , Herraiz Jose Luis , Botella Héctor , Martínez-Pérez Carlos 
Published: January 2020

The Messinian salinity crisis (~5.59 Ma) is regarded as one of the most determining events for the recent evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic history of the Mediterranean biota. The impact of such episode has usually been assessed by evaluating the associated taxonomic turnover, however its consequences have rarely been interpreted from an ecological perspective. Here we assess the functional diversity of shark dermal denticles in a Serravallian locality from southeast Spain, providing a primary view into the pre-Messinian ecological diversity of shark communities from the Western Mediterranean. Our results reveal a high diversity of functional types of dermal denticles including dermal denticles that prevent the settlement of ectoparasites and epibiontes, abrasion resistant dermal denticles, drag reduction dermal denticles and dermal denticles with less specific, or more generalized, functions. This variety of dermal denticles supports the presence of several ecological groups of sharks such as schooling and strong swimming species and, possibly, demersal species, slow sharks of the open water bioluminescent taxa. Therefore, the application of this methodology to Pliocene and Pleistocene fossiliferous sites will be crucial for unravelling the impact of Messinian salinity crisis and other recent geological events from an ecological perspective, allowing us to understand the shark communitycompositionand diversityof the current Mediterranean Sea.
What “Golden Age”?
Authors: Lopate Phillip 
Published: January 2020

In this chapter Phillip Lopate offers a dissent from the main themes of The New Hollywood Revisited, suggesting that the movement did not live up to the standards set by the best of the classic studio era and foreign art cinemas. The New Hollywood, in Lopate’s estimation, tapped into a zeitgeist dominated by the anti-war movement and the counter-culture that too often surrendered to a didactic, simplistic moralism. He acknowledges that there were wonderful passages in these films, with an energetic, cinematic daring. But the films were as well mired in a willful confusion and irresolution. In this introspective essay, Lopate assesses the styles of Cassavetes, Lumet and Altman, among others, and finds much to praise, despite his enduring wariness of New Hollywood cinema.
A Sino-orbitocutaneous Fistula from Local (Native) Tonsillectomy: A Case Report
Authors: E. Chinawa N. , I. Inoh M. , O. Edet E. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Orbitocutaneous fistula is a known complication of orbital exenteration. Orbitocutaneous fistula arising from a tonsillectomy are quite uncommon. Risk factors for fistula development are sinus diseases, radiotherapy, inadvertent sinus penetration during mid-face and other related surgeries.
Case Report: MS is a 16-year-old girl who presented with swelling of the right side of the face and neck of ten days duration following local tonsillectomy at home. Ocular examination findings showed lid swelling, ecchymosis, pus point in the medial third of the upper lid of the right eye which gave way and formed a sinus tract with the commencement of antibiotics.
Discussion: Although orbitosinocutaneous fistula is uncommon with tonsillectomy however fistulae may develop following poorly performed procedure by a non-professional who may tamper with the sinuses in the course of surgery. Since asepsis was not observed, there may have also been upward track of infection to the orbit.
Conclusion: Orbitosinocutaneous fistula could be a complication of poorly performed tonsillectomy.
Assessing the effect of mandatory progress reporting on treatment requirements identified during health examinations at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: A time series analysis
Authors: Mori Koji , Tateishi Seiichiro , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Kobayashi Yuichi , Hiraoka Ko , Kawashita Futoshi , Hayashi Takeshi , Kiyomoto Yoshifumi , Kobashi Masaki , Fukai Kota , Tahara Hiroyuki , Okazaki Ryuji , Ogami Akira , Igari Kazuyuki , Suzuki Katsunori , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Sakai Kazuhiro , Yoshikawa Toru , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
At the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, run by the Tokyo Electric Power Company, new procedures were introduced as part of the fitness for duty program in July 2016. These were designed to ensure that treatment and further investigations identified as necessary during health examinations were carried out. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the initiative by testing whether workers who needed further health examinations obtained them promptly, and whether the number with unmet health needs decreased and the number of workers being treated increased.

Methods
The primary contractors reported aggregated quarterly results of health examinations of both their own and their subcontractors’ employees, and follow-up visits to medical institutions were also reported over the next two quarters. The study used data for the period from July 2016 to December 2018. Incident rate ratios were estimated using a multilevel Poisson regression model, including the logarithm of the number of workers who took health examination for each primary contractor company as offset. The linear trend was assessed by treating the number of periods as a continuous variable.

Results
The incident rate ratio for workers who needed treatment having a follow-up examination promptly showed a significant decrease over time. The incident rate ratio for those with unmet needs decreased, and those being treated increased over time.

Conclusions
The findings showed that the initiative was effective, with the number of early visits for further health examinations increasing and a decrease in the number of people with unmet health needs.
Metal Organic Framework Derivative Improving Lithium Metal Anode Cycling
Authors: Zhong Yiren , Lin Fang , Wang Maoyu , Zhang Yifang , Ma Qing , Lin Julia , Feng Zhenxing , Wang Hailiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work demonstrates a new approach in using metal organic framework (MOF) materials to improve Li metal batteries, a burgeoning rechargeable battery technology. Instead of using the MIL‐125‐Ti MOF structure directly, the material is decomposed into intimately‐mixed amorphous titanium dioxide and crystalline terephthalic acid. The resulting composite material outperforms the oxide alone, the organic component alone, and the parent MOF in suppressing Li dendrite growth and extending cycle life of Li metal electrodes. Coated on a commercial polypropylene separator, this material induces the formation of a desirable solid electrolyte interphase layer comprising mechanically flexible organic species and ionically conductive lithium nitride species, which in turn leads to Li||Cu and Li||Li cells that can stably operate for hundreds of charging–discharging cycles. In addition, this material strongly adsorbs lithium polysulfides and can also benefit the cathode of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Understanding the Interplay of Binary Organic Spacer in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shi , Shen Nan , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Luozheng , Cheung Sin Hang , Chen Shuming , So Shu Kong , Xu Baomin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRuddlesden–Popper perovskite (RPP) materials have attracted great attention due to their superior stability, where the organic spacer dominantly determines the stability and efficiency of RPP solar cells, but research still lacks the systematical understanding of the interplay of binary spacer in the overall mixture range of 0–100% in RPPs on the precursor chemistry, film quality, and carrier behavior. Herein, a series of novel binary spacer RPP films of (PBA1−xBAx)2MA3Pb4I13 (BA = n‐butylammonium, PBA = 4‐phenylbutan‐1‐aminium, and MA = methylammonium) is successfully fabricated to reveal the interplay of binary spacers. The incorporation of 50% BA into the (PBA)2MA3Pb4I13 precursor solution increases the colloidal size and reduces nucleation sites, and therefore forms a very smooth film with much larger crystal grains and a higher degree of crystal preferential orientation, resulting in a significant reduction of trap states. The resulting combination of fast electron transfer and efficient electron extraction facilitates to effectively suppress the trap‐assisted charge recombination and remarkably decrease charge recombination losses. Consequently, the (PBA0.5BA0.5)2MA3Pb4I13 device achieves a champion efficiency of 16.0%, among the highest reported efficiencies for RPP devices. Furthermore, this device demonstrates good ambient, illumination, and thermal stabilities, retaining 60–93% of its initial efficiency after 30 days of various ageing.
Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1: An unusual cause of developmental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Birjiniuk Alona , Glinton Kevin E. , Villafranco Natalie , Boyer Suzanne , Laufman Jason , Mizerik Elizabeth , Scott Daryl , Elsea Sarah H. , Galambos Csaba , Varghese Nidhy P. , Scaglia Fernando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (pHTN) is a severe, life‐threatening disease, which can be idiopathic or associated with an underlying syndrome or genetic diagnosis. Here we discuss a patient who presented with severe pHTN and was later found to be compound heterozygous for pathogenic variants in the NFU1 gene causing multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 (MMDS1). Review of autopsy slides from an older sibling revealed the same diagnosis along with pulmonary findings consistent with a developmental lung disorder. In particular, these postmortem, autopsy findings have not been described previously in humans with this mitochondrial syndrome and suggest a possible developmental basis for the severe pHTN seen in this disease. Given the rarity of patients reported with MMDS1, we review the current state of knowledge of this disease and our novel management strategies for pHTN and MMDS1‐associated complications in this population.
Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Hyperpolarisation von Gasen
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. , Fekete Marianna , Duckett Simon B. , Theis Thomas , Joalland Baptiste , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Bildgebung von Gasen stellt eine große Herausforderung dar, ob per MRT oder mit anderen Methoden. NMR‐ und MRT‐Signale sind direkt proportional zur Kernspindichte und zur Kernspinpolarisation (Ausrichtungsgrad der Kernspins bzgl. eines angelegten Magnetfeldes). Die Kernspinpolarisation ist unter typischen Bedingungen sehr niedrig, z. B. ist die Polarisation bei 1.5 T und einer physiologisch relevanten Temperatur nur ein hunderttausendstel der maximal erreichbaren Polarisation. Daher wird MRT in erster Linie zur Bildgebung von Wasser, welches in Gewebe in hoher Konzentration vorliegt, herangezogen. Hyperpolarisationsmethoden erhöhen vorübergehend die Kernspinpolarisation bis zu einem Polarisationsgrad von maximal eins, was eine Signalverstärkung von mehreren Größenordnungen bedeutet. Dies ermöglicht 3D‐Bildgebung von weniger konzentrierten Analyten, wie etwa Biomolekülen oder Gasen. Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Polarisation (PHIP) kann sehr schnell erzielt werden. Zudem sind die verwendeten Verfahren leicht skalierbar und relativ kostengünstig. In diesem Kurzaufsatz fassen wir ausgewählte Neuerungen im Bereich der Parawasserstoff‐induzierten Polarisation zusammen, die in Zukunft zu neuen, inhalierbaren Kontrastmitteln führen können.