bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extent and Limits of a Family’s Ascent through Poetry
Authors: Kenny Neil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
What role did poetry play in the social ascent of the Marot family—not just Jean and Clément, but also Clément’s children, their mother or mothers, and Clément’s own mother? The ascent was meteoric, but fragile too, and it did not embrace all members of the family in the manner that often characterized, for example, ascent through royal legal or financial office. Evidence for the extent and limits of the role played by poetry in elevating the Marot family is provided partly by documents such as letters and household payrolls, but partly by Clément’s poems. They are less reliable as a means of establishing facts or dates, but even more indicative of the kind of social origins and status that Clément claimed. In this period, such claims, if widely accepted, became part of one’s social status. Excluding them would distort the picture.
From Barber-Surgeon’s Son to Professor
Authors: Kenny Neil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although the family’s movements within social hierarchy between 1526 and 1626 were multiple and complex, one turning point was particularly decisive, both for Matthieu and his future son François. It occurred in 1529, when Matthieu, aged perhaps about 6, left his birthplace of Saint-Denis and the barber-surgeon milieu in which he had always lived, going to study in Paris at the Collège du Cardinal Lemoine at the instigation of his distant relative François Vatable, who may earlier have undergone a similar social transformation himself. Matthieu became a Calvinist scholar, Professor of Philosophy, and chronologer. His representations, private or public, of his and his family’s social status attribute differing degrees of importance to it. The sharpness of the rupture with his early life seems to have enhanced his sense that his family, or part of it, stood out in a divine hierarchy, since it had been chosen by God for special scholarly purposes.
Form and Formation in the Vita nuova, Filostrato, and Troilus and Criseyde
Authors: Gaston Kara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Comparative source studies of Boccaccio’s Filostrato and Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde have often used Troilus’ formation to explicate its form. Such reading practices have an analogue in Dante’s Vita nova, which frames reading as a way of getting back to composition. But when does the creation of a poem begin and end? This chapter tracks how Dante bounds composition within time and how the Filostrato, drawing on the Vita nova, breaks those same boundaries down. This interaction establishes a prehistory for Troilus. For although Chaucer likely did not know the Vita nova, his poem inherits the problem of setting limits to formation in time. The ideas that inform Troilus thus take shape before Chaucer begins to write. The chain of influences explored here suggests that the ways in which we bound literary formation and bring it to bear upon form are, themselves, only provisional.
Introduction
Authors: Keenan Siobhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 offers an introduction to the culture of progresses, public processions, and royal entries in early modern England. This includes comparing Charles I’s progresses with the practices of his predecessors and his European contemporaries. The chapter also traces some of the variations in Charles’s practices across his reign, including the shift from the smaller-scale trips of the late 1620s, while England was at war with France and Spain, to royal practice during the peacetime years of the ‘personal rule’ when the king embarked on a series of more public progresses aimed at promoting his rule and his policies. Finally, it reflects on the transition to the militarized progresses into the North in 1639, 1640, and 1641, as Charles sought to deal with the Bishops’ Wars with Scotland. The chapter also offers an overview of the practical organization of Charles’s progresses and entries and their social, cultural, and political functions.
The ‘Great’ Progress of 1633
Authors: Keenan Siobhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores Charles’s 1633 progress to Scotland for his belated coronation as Scottish king. Following a route which echoed that of James I’s 1617 progress to Scotland, and culminating in Charles’s royal entry to Edinburgh, the king used the progress not only to display his majesty but to promote the order and ceremonialism he favoured in the church. During the progress, Charles was fêted by many hosts, including William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, and the city of Edinburgh. Keen to impress his monarch, Cavendish commissioned Ben Jonson to write a show especially for the occasion: The King’s Entertainment at Welbeck. Like many Elizabethan progress entertainments, Jonson’s seeks to flatter and counsel the monarch. Equally keen to please and influence Charles, Edinburgh’s civic officials welcomed the king with a series of pageants, celebrating Charles but also promoting the wishes and concerns of his Scottish subjects. This chapter analyses both entertainments.
The 1634 Royal Progress to the North Midlands
Authors: Keenan Siobhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 analyses Charles’s 1634 progress through the North Midlands with Queen Henrietta Maria. Stretching as far north as Nottingham, this progress was more private than that of 1633, as Charles opted to focus more on visits to, and the cultivation of his relationships with, members of the regional nobility. This included a second visit to William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle, at Welbeck Abbey and another specially-commissioned Ben Jonson progress entertainment, performed at Bolsover Castle: The King and Queen’s Entertainment at Bolsover. During the six-day visit to Cavendish, both the earl and a group of discontented local miners sought to take advantage of the travelling monarch’s presence to petition the king in person. Paying particular attention to Charles’s concentration on visits to noble houses, and the extended visit to Welbeck, the chapter reflects further on Charles’s accessibility to his subjects and his readiness to engage in ceremonial dialogue with them.
The 1636 Progress
Authors: Keenan Siobhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 reflects on Charles’s 1636 progress in the company of his visiting nephews, Charles Lewis, the Elector Palatine, and Prince Rupert. The king’s travels took him into the Midlands and south to Hampshire, and combined visits to towns and country houses. But, the highlight of the progress—and a key focus in this chapter—was a much-publicizd trip to Oxford University. Joined by the queen, the royal visitors were hosted by Oxford’s Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud who entertained them with lavish hospitality and a series of university dramas. While Charles sought to use the 1636 progress to advertise his support for Charles Lewis’s restoration to the electorate of the Palatine of the Rhine and to rally support for Ship Money, the visit to Oxford was an opportunity for Laud to promote himself, the university, and his campaign for religious order and conformity in, and beyond, Oxford.
The Governor’s Dilemma in Colonial Empires
Authors: MacDonald Paul K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the striking features of European colonial empires was their tendency to expand despite opposition from metropolitan officials. This chapter argues that this tendency was not due to the idiosyncratic personalities or preferences of frontier agents, but derived from the very governance structure of overseas empires. Colonial governance depends on layers of intermediaries, including both imperial proconsuls and local collaborators. Competence–control tradeoffs and dynamic instabilities occur at every level. Drawing on competence–control theory, this chapter explores the tradeoffs and tensions metropolitan officials face when granting authority to these chains of subordinates, and how those tensions can generate pressures to push forward the imperial frontier.
Governing Capital Markets
Authors: Seddon Jack , Mattli Walter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter applies competence–control theory to capital market governance. For much of the twentieth century, centralized market intermediaries such as the New York Stock Exchange and London Metal Exchange served as efficient platforms for capital formation and risk management. However, this pattern of good self-regulatory governance was displaced by socially unproductive rent-seeking and widespread distortions following the introduction of increased competition between fragmented exchange platforms and external statutory controls. The governor’s dilemma provides an elegant framework for explaining this deterioration in the quality of capital market governance, which confounds standard expectations about the salutary effects of competition and the presumed vices of self-regulation. Unpacking the changing modalities of governor control (cooptation versus delegation) and the impact of differences in market structure (centralization versus fragmentation), this chapter shows that good market governance was supported by soft control mechanisms and a radical attenuation of the competence–control tradeoff in centralized markets. This efficient equilibrium unraveled as growing goal divergence—induced by market fragmentation—encouraged harder governor controls that inadvertently eroded the competence of market intermediaries.
‘Literary’ versus ‘Cultural’ Texts in the NEAB Anthology
Authors: Rogers Asha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the increasingly influential links drawn between literary reading and cultural formation in state education at the end of the century. Building on the implementation of multicultural initiatives under Thatcher, it focuses on the emergence of literary categories distinguishing the ‘English literary heritage’ from ‘other cultures and traditions’. It begins by locating these ideas in the mind of the cosmopolitan poet and state English advisor C.B. Cox before turning to their codification in the NEAB GCSE Anthology (1996, 1998), a school reader that introduced a new contemporary canon of postcolonial poetry. The chapter concludes with detailed readings of three anthologized poems by Sujata Bhatt, Kamau Brathwaite, and Tatamkhulu Afrika, demonstrating how we might reimagine the Anthology’s ideas of organic language, culture, and representative ethnic identity.
Wages, Salary, and Remuneration—Towards a Social Wage
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of minimum wage legislation through the early to mid-twentieth century. It demonstrates the significance of the concept of ‘remuneration’ in shaping the legal environment in which workers’ right to payment was coming to be conceived. The first section begins with a discussion of this concept, tracing it from its origins in the concept of the salary. The second section builds on this analysis to explore the role of these concepts—the wage, the salary, and remuneration—in experiments in wage regulation. The third section explores the link between these different concepts and the emerging relational model of the contract of employment. The fourth section shows how these changes influenced the way in which minimum wage legislation came to be conceived in the mid-twentieth century, particularly in the context of the wages councils system of the 1940s. The fifth section then explores the broader implications of these changes, returning to the example of dock work and the various ‘decasualization’ policies of the era.
The Statutory Minimum Wage
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the modern minimum wage framework in detail. The first section begins by exploring the background to the National Minimum Wage Act through the lens of the relationship between minimum wages and wage supplementation. The second section then explores the conceptual structure of the Act in more detail. In particular, it explores how an individual’s minimum wage entitlement is assessed; the types of ‘work’ that are either implicitly or expressly, excluded from the Act; and the content of the concept of the ‘wage’. It concludes with some remarks about what the Act’s structure implies about the legal system’s understanding of the role of minimum ‘wage’ regulation today.
History of Cultural Psychology
Authors: Holmes Robyn M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the individuals, disciplines, and historical forces that contributed to the emergence of cultural psychology. It discusses central themes and types of historical approaches, ancient Greek contributions, late 19th and early 20th century thinkers, Wilhelm Wundt, sociology and anthropology’s early contributions, the psychologists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, and the anthropologists Franz Boas and D. Price-Williams. It explores cross-cultural psychology and the contributions of Marshall Segall, Geert Hofstede, and Harry Triandis. Finally, it discusses cultural psychology and the contributions of Richard Shweder, Jerome Bruner, Michael Cole, and indigenous psychologies. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Cultural Evolution and Cultural Ecology
Authors: Holmes Robyn M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores cultural evolution, cultural ecology, and the ways environments shape the cultures that exist within them. It discusses whether only humans have culture, Darwin and natural selection, and biological and cultural evolution, and provides examples of biological evolution. It also addresses cultural evolution, a comparison of biological and cultural evolution, how communities change, creative cultural inventions, globalization and diffusion, revolution, and intergroup contact. It explores cultural ecology, a case study in cultural ecology, how culture and environment interconnect, sickle cell anemia, diet, lactose intolerance, culture as an adaptive tool, and cultural variability. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Cognition and Perception
Authors: Holmes Robyn M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the ways culture shapes our cognitive skills and abilities. It discusses cognitive thinking styles, measuring field dependence-independence, holistic and analytic cognition, and applying thinking styles to children’s classroom experiences. It discusses intelligence, intelligence models by Sternberg and Gardner, and culture-specific and cross-cultural studies on intelligence. It also addresses measuring intelligence, culture-specific intelligence tests, factors that shape intelligence such as socioeconomic status and cultural practices, and psychometric tests and cultural fairness. Finally, it explores IQ and social justice; Piaget’s theory; Piaget and culture; problem-solving and culture; and visual perception, including visual illusions and the carpentered world hypothesis. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Mental Health and Psychopathology
Authors: Holmes Robyn M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 15 explores the ways culture shapes the perceptions, diagnosis, causes, and treatment of mental health issues. It discusses abnormal behavior criteria; cultural syndromes such as hwa-byung and hikikomori; universal mental disorders such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, and suicide; the connection between culture and depression; and cross-cultural comparisons of depression. It addresses treatment of psychological disorders and mental health issues and Western and indigenous healing approaches. Also covered are minority, migrant, and refugee mental health experiences; obstacles to treatment such as language and cultural value barriers; and improvements in mental health care for vulnerable groups. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Glasnost’ in Practice
Authors: Lovell Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the effects of the Great Reforms of the 1860s on Russia’s emerging public sphere. It starts by examining the more engaging rulership style of the new Emperor, Alexander II. It then discusses the adoption of a new technology, stenography, that was designed to provide an accurate record of proceedings in the new institutions of the reform era. It goes on to consider the workings of those new institutions—the zemstvo, the municipal duma, and the courtroom—with special reference to the scope they offered for oral debate and oratory. The chapter also considers three other important venues for public speaking in the 1860s: the university, the theatre, and the church.
Trials and Tribulations
Authors: Lovell Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of public speaking in Russia from the imposition of greater restrictions on the public sphere in 1867 through to the eve of Alexander II’s assassination in 1881. It shows that in this period the focus of the Russian public switched from the zemstvo to the courtroom, where a number of high-profile trials took place (and were reported, sometimes in stenographic detail, in the press). The chapter examines the careers and profiles of some of Russia’s leading courtroom orators. It also explores the activities of the Russian socialists (populists), in particular the ‘Going to the People’ movement of 1873–4 and later propaganda efforts in the city and the courtroom. It ends by considering the intensification of public discourse at the end of the 1870s: the Russo-Turkish War saw a surge of patriotic mobilization, but at the same time the populist adoption of terrorism seized public attention.
Revolutionary Talk, 1917–18
Authors: Lovell Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The February Revolution brought an explosion of public talk as Russia gained the long-awaited freedoms of speech and assembly. Yet it was far from clear how this talk could be politically structured. The success of the Provisional Government seemed to depend on its outstanding rhetorician, the charismatic Aleksandr Kerensky, who kept up a frenetic public speaking schedule to audiences both civilian and military. On the Left, the Petrograd Soviet attempted to convert the popular cacophony of the revolution into effective socialist politics. Beyond the Soviet, the Bolsheviks sought to sway workers and soldiers with their radical anti-war message. In the second half of 1917, Kerensky’s charisma waned, and his desperate attempts to revive his flagging authority at a ‘State Conference’, ‘Democratic Conference’, and ‘Pre-Parliament’ all fell flat. Although the Bolsheviks’ seizure of power was more a coup than a popular uprising, it was preceded by a vigorous and increasingly effective propaganda campaign. After the October Revolution, the new regime moved quickly to suppress freedom of speech for its opponents but redoubled its own propaganda efforts. Nonetheless, it remained unclear how this still very precarious regime should best seek to address the society it aspired to rule.
Body Space/City Space
Authors: Gökarıksel Banu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This Reflection explores the production of the body as a space and the remaking of city spaces through an analysis of Muslim women’s veiling as an embodied spatial practice in contemporary Turkey. This exploration builds on geographic approaches to space as relational, always in the making, and produced by everyday practices and to bodies that emphasize their porosity, fluidity, and multiscalar dimensions. In a period of Turkish history when the headscarf continues to be restricted and stigmatized, the Reflection examines the effects of veiling on women’s bodies by focusing on how this practice redefines a woman’s relation to her body when she starts wearing a headscarf as an adult. Veiling initiates a struggle to discipline and shape her body according to her Islamically oriented ideals, thus remaking her body emotionally and materially. This practice also shifts her experiences of different city spaces across Istanbul. The Reflection traces the place of veiling and veiled bodies from the streets of a conservative neighborhood to a shopping mall and a city square that is central to political activism. Approaching veiling as an embodied spatial practice opens up new questions to explore about how veiling is productive of spaces and participates in the continuous process of space-making.
Geometry and Visual Space from Antiquity to the Early Moderns
Authors: Hatfield Gary 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the development of a geometrical framework for understanding and explaining spatial aspects of visual perception, including perception of the sizes, shapes, and positions of things in the field of view. The structure of this framework is built on the fact that vision typically occurs in straight lines (rectilinearly). Within this framework, the chapter selectively focuses on size perception. This focus allows for a comparative examination of how a single problem was treated geometrically by various theorists, ancient, medieval, and modern. The theorists examined are Euclid and Ptolemy, who were extramissionists, and Ibn al-Haytham, Kepler, Descartes, and Berkeley, each of whom adopted, in one way or another, an intromissionist scheme. In comparing Descartes and Berkeley, notice is taken of Berkeley’s interpretive bent in treating Descartes’s account of distance perception in a way that requires mental calculation, where Descartes sometimes offered psychophysiological mechanisms (avoiding mental calculation).
The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice
Authors: Hodgson Jacqueline S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The focus of this book is the potentially radical and fundamental changes that are taking place within criminal justice in Britain and in France and the ways that these are driven by wider domestic, European, or international concerns. This metamorphosis away from established values and practices is eroding what were once regarded as core rights and freedoms in the name of efficiency, security, and justice to victims. Beginning with a comparative analysis of adversarial and inquisitorial procedural values and traditions, and an examination of broad trends in domestic and European criminal justice, the book then discusses how the roles of prosecution and defense have been reshaped in different ways in both jurisdictions—both in the text of the law and in their practices. The final part considers how systems within different procedural traditions adapt to address, or provide a remedy for, systemic flaws that produce wrongful convictions and, in particular, the role of the defense in these procedures. By adopting a comparative approach with France, the study explores the nature and reach of these trends, the ways that they challenge and disrupt criminal processes and values, and the contrasting responses that they provoke. It reveals how criminal justice traditions continue to be shaped in different ways by broader policy and political concerns; how different systems adapt, change, and distort when faced with (sometimes conflicting) pressures domestically and externally; and how different procedural values may serve to structure or limit reform, and so work to facilitate or resist change.