bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O impacto do cigarro eletrônico na manifestação de problemas de saúde
Authors: Costa Raquel Alves da , Xavier Alandavi Pereira , Oliveira Andressa Bezerra de , Moraes Maria Beatriz Campos de , Silva Thayná Maria Oliveira da , Guimarães Jorge Luiz Lopes , Correia Monyky Dayann de Moura , Xavier Shirley Luana Alcantara , Assunção Elizamara da Silva , Silva Flávio Guilherme da , Silva Erika Rejane , Gomes Nelson Pinto , Gomes Wilianne da Silva 
Published: February 2025

O tabagismo é uma das principais causas de doenças preveníveis e mortalidade global, sendo a nicotina a responsável pela dependência. Os Sistemas Eletrônicos de Administração de Nicotina, têm se popularizado como alternativa ao cigarro convencional. O crescimento do uso do cigarro eletrônico gera tensão quanto a seus efeitos a longo prazo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos do uso de cigarro eletrônico na saúde. Este estudo foi realizada por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura na base PUBMED, utilizando os descritores “Lesão por Inalação de Fumaça”, “Saúde Global” “Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina” e “Vaping” combinados com “AND”. Após triagem de 653 artigos, sete foram selecionados conforme critérios de inclusão: publicações entre 2019 e 2024, em inglês, com acesso gratuito, incluindo meta-análises, ensaios clínicos e revisões sistemáticas. Excluindo estudos observacionais, revisões narrativas, relatos de caso e os que não abordavam diretamente os impactos do cigarro eletrônico na saúde. Os resultados adquiridos na pesquisa demonstram que o uso do vape pode estar associada a vários agravos a saúde como o aumento dos casos de cânceres de pulmão, aumento de sintomas respiratórios como chiado e falta de ar podendo ainda prejudicar a saúde bucal com risco de periodontite e cáries. A falta de dados longitudinais causam limitações no estudo, com isso, sendo necessário em estudos futuros avaliar os efeitos a longo prazo do uso dos vaporizadores para entender os danos causados pela nicotina e THC. Pôde-se concluir que fortalecer estratégias políticas públicas que conscientizem o desuso do vape.
Efecto del Ácido Giberélico en el Rendimiento del Cultivo de Maíz Bajo Condiciones de Invierno en la Costa Norte de Perú
Authors: Gonzales Deza Gabriel Kenyo 
Published: February 2025

El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cereal perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que es cultivado alrededor del mundo tanto por su importancia en la seguridad alimentaria como por su dependencia en diversas industrias. En ese contexto y con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del ácido giberélico (GA3) en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz en época de invierno se instaló un experimento a nivel de campo con un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 6 tratamientos (T1: control T2: 10 ppm GA3; T3: 20 ppm GA3; T4: 40 ppm GA3; T5: 60 ppm GA3; T6: 80 ppm GA3) y 4 repeticiones. Teniendo como parámetros de evaluación a la longitud y diámetro de la mazorca; grosor, ancho y longitud del grano; porcentaje de desgrane, peso de 100 granos y rendimiento de grano. Es así que en base a los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación del ácido giberélico en la etapa reproductiva R1 se concluyó que esta fitohormona no tuvo efectos estadísticos significativos en el incremento de las variables biométricas de la mazorca ni en el rendimiento de grano bajo las condiciones en las que se ejecutó el experimento y aunque las condiciones de invierno no fueron una limitante en la productividad del cultivo como tal, probablemente sí tuvieron una implicancia en la acción de la giberelina A3 lo que podría sugerir no considerar su uso bajo esas condiciones.
Inhibitory effects of Trichoderma asperellum culture filtrates on pathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Roopkhan Naritsara , Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri , Chaianunporn Kanokporn 
Published: February 2025

Background
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil- and water-dwelling bacterium that causes the life-threatening infection melioidosis. Patients typically acquire this infection through environmental exposure, so reducing B. pseudomallei levels in the environment could mitigate the risk of infection. Trichoderma asperellum is a biological control agent that synthesizes a diverse range of antimicrobial substances targeting other microorganisms. This study therefore examined the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of T. asperellum culture filtrate against B. pseudomallei.

Methods
The antibacterial activities of T. asperellum culture filtrates, collected at various time intervals, were assessed against B. pseudomallei using the agar well diffusion method. Subsequently, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and anti-biofilm activities of the culture filtrate exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect were determined. Bactericidal efficacy was further evaluated via a time-kill assay. The mechanisms underlying inhibition were then investigated using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet uptake assays.

Results
Filtrate collected from 7-day old cultures of T. asperellum (TD7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on B. pseudomallei, with an inhibition zone of 30.33 ± 0.19 mm. The MIC of TD7 against B. pseudomallei was 7.81 ± 0.00 mg/mL and the MBC ranged from 7.81 ± 0.00 to 11.72 ± 1.75 mg/mL. Time-kill studies with TD7 confirmed its bactericidal activity, with complete elimination of B. pseudomallei occurring within 30 min treatment at 62.48 mg/mL (8xMIC) and 24 h treatment at 7.81 mg/mL (1xMIC). At a concentration of 7.81 mg/mL, TD7 also significantly reduced B. pseudomallei biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed surface roughening and cell shrinkage of TD7-treated B. pseudomallei. TD7-treated bacteria were also found to absorb more crystal violet dye than untreated cells, indicating that TD7 might inhibit and kill B. pseudomallei by disrupting cell membrane permeability.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that T. asperellum culture filtrates possess bactericidal activity and effectively disrupt biofilm formation by B. pseudomallei. This suggests that T. asperellum could potentially be used to reduce the presence of B. pseudomallei in the environment and, consequently, lower the incidence of melioidosis.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Conventional Urea on Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency in Ragi (Eleusine coracana)
Authors: C Sunil, , B M Chandan, , H R Jeevan , Kadam Praveen V. , N Umme Seema 
Published: February 2025

A field trial was carried out at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere, Shivamogga, India, during Late Kharif 2022 to study the Effect of foliar application of nano and conventional urea on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in ragi. The treatments consists of absolute control (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (T2), 50 per cent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T3), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T4), 75 per cent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T5), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T6), 50 per cent RDN + two sprays of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T7), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T8), 75 per cent RDN + two sprays of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T9), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T10), four sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT (T11). The results showed that the application of 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT recorded higher total dry matter accumulation (46.75 g hill-1), absolute growth rate (0.64 g day-1), crop growth rate (21.39 g m-2 day-1), grain yield (3812 kg ha-1) and total nitrogen uptake (89.60 kg ha-1) as compared to other treatmnets and it was statistically on par with the T10 and T5. The Treatment T5 recorded higher nitrogen use efficiency (48.41 %) compared to other treatments.
Review Essay The Environmental Imagination: Walden and its Readers
Authors: FENDER STEPHEN 
Published: July 2002

Laurence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau,

Nature Writing, and

the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University

Press, 1995, £27.95). Pp. 586. ISBN 0 674 25861 4.In an MLA survey conducted in 1991 American professors proclaimed Walden

the single most important work to teach in the country's nineteenth-century

literature. Walden got 45% of the vote, as against 34% for The Scarlet
Letter and

29% for Moby Dick. And, as Professor Buell reminds the readers of this
wide-ranging,

scholarly, and beautifully written book, Walden has always had a popular

readership to match its early incorporation into the canon of American
classics as

studied in schools and universities. And there is hardly an American special-interest

group – from nudists and whole-earthers, through civil-rights marchers,

John-Birchers and survivalist cults – that has not claimed Thoreau

at one time or

another as its patron saint. The Unabomber is said to have been a particularly
avid

reader. Above all, it has been an inspiration to ecologists and environmentalists,

starting with the pioneer of conservation legislation, John Muir.
Revivalism as a Medieval Religious Genre
Authors: DICKSON GARY 
Published: July 2002

Perhaps because the classification of religious behaviour in the
Middle Ages has not received much attention, there seems to be no
scholarly consensus concerning the number or nature of its genres.
This means that at present we tend to have either inadequately
differentiated, broad categories of medieval religious acts, or somewhat
incoherent lists of highly specific religious practices. That a good number
of these religious forms pre-existed and continued long after the Christian
Middle Ages is not in doubt; nor is the fact that such religious behaviours
are not necessarily confined to the Christian tradition. The present
discussion, however, will focus exclusively upon the Latin Christian
tradition, c. 1000–c. 1500.Surveying the expressive modes of medieval religion presents less
difficulty than grouping such behaviours within larger intelligible
categories. Current scholarly literature makes it clear that certain
varieties of medieval religious practice are almost universally
acknowledged: veneration of the saints; attendance at sermons; private
prayer; participation in public, collective liturgies (for example, processions
on diverse occasions); acting under the influence of prophecy;
setting off on pilgrimage, whether penitential or devotional; taking the
Cross; performing formal or informal acts of devotion or piety (‘devotion’
is one aspect of the medieval religious life urgently in need of sharp
definition); and attempting, often through ascetic exercises, to experience
God (mysticism). By no means is this an exhaustive list. The titular
subject of this essay, as the reader will have noticed, does not appear in
it.
Argentine Riddle: The Pinedo Plan of
1940 and the Political Economy of the Early War Years
Authors: CRAMER GISELA 
Published: July 2002

By mid-1940, the Argentine economy seemed to be heading for a major

crisis because many of her traditional export markets had suddenly become

inaccessible. In response, Finance Minister Federico Pinedo and his team

developed a wide range of initiatives. These aimed to overcome the crisis
and
restructure the Argentine economy in order to accommodate it to a changing
and
difficult international environment.This article analyses the nature, successes and failures of these
policies.
It argues that while
Pinedo's initiatives certainly entailed visionary elements
which anticipated major problems
of the Argentine and Latin American development of the post-war era, they
should not be
regarded as some ‘golden opportunity’ for sound
economic modernisation that was missed only
because Pinedo and his fellow conservatives failed to win political approval
and were later
pushed aside by the rising force of populism.
Veterinary Parasitology – recent developments in immunology,
epidemiology and control
Authors: MARTIN RICHARD J. , SCHALLIG HENK D. F. H. , CHAPPELL L. H. 
Published: July 2002

There have been important developments in the field
of veterinary parasitology over the last few years.
This symposium was called to collect individuals
together, who have made significant contributions to
their field of study, to present and summarize their
work.I would like to pause for a moment before
introducing the Symposium in this preface to
comment on the sad loss of Professor Peter Nansen,
a particularly eminent Danish scientist who developed
our field of study. I, like many others,
remember him with affection. He was a very helpful
colleague and outstanding leader of the Danish
Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Royal Veterinary
and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg
C. We are all saddened by his death and will
continue to carry our memories of him with us.
Topological entropy of semi-dispersing billiards
Authors: BURAGO D. , FERLEGER S. , KONONENKO A. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we continue to explore the applications of the connections between singular Riemannian geometry and billiard systems that were first used in [6] to prove estimates on the number of collisions in non-degenerate semi-dispersing billiards.In this paper we show that the topological entropy of a compact non-degenerate semi-dispersing billiard on any manifold of non-positive sectional curvature is finite. Also, we prove exponential estimates on the number of periodic points (for the first return map to the boundary of a simple-connected billiard table) and the number of periodic trajectories (for the billiard flow). In \S5 we prove some estimates for the topological entropy of Lorentz gas.
Reports and
Surveys
Authors: Rudall B. H. 
Published: July 2002

1. Joint Venture Prograamme at Cranfield (UK)The
Joint Venture Programme, newly launched by the Cranfield School of
Management, offers help to companies that are looking to expand their business
in developing countries. It is claimed that valuable European Community (EU)
grants are being lost, and the Cranfield initiative offers a fast track through
what they describe as the bureaucracy involved in making applications for aid to
develop partnerships abroad. This is particularly true of companies involved
with automation and robotics who because of their intense development and
marketing activities fail to take advantage not only of EU programmes that offer
financial assistance, but even the help that is at hand from their own
government's initiatives.
Integrated Navigation System Safety Assessment Methodology
Authors: Raffetti A. , Marangon F. , Zuccarelli F. 
Published: July 2002

This paper was first presented at the NAV99/ILA28 Conference on ‘Loran-C, Satellite and
Integrated Systems for the 21st Century’ held at Church House, Westminster, London from
1–3 November 1999.The introduction of modern navigation systems highlights the need for efficient tools to
assess the possible impact of these systems on the safety levels currently associated with the
operation of a ship. In recent years this has led to investigation of the advanced safety/risk
assessment techniques already applied in other industrial sectors, with encouraging results.
The scope of this paper is to show a quantified safety assessment methodology that can be
applied while designing or retrofitting navigation systems. The methodology adopted is the
result of the review of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) technique and comprises
the development of a functional analysis, a hazard identification analysis and a risk
assessment. The paper provides details on a specific application of this model to an
integrated navigation system. This application is included in the work performed under the
ATOMOS II research project, partly funded by the DGVII Directorate of the European
Commission within the 4th Framework Programme in the field of Maritime Transport.
Diarrhoea: an update
Authors: Ratnaike Ranjit N. 
Published: July 2002

IntroductionIllnesses such as acute and especially chronic diarrhoea are personally incapacitating
to older people, more so in those with physical and mental impairment or other acute
or chronic illnesses. Diarrhoea is also socially restrictive: diarrhoea adversely
impacts on the individual’s and carer’s quality of life.
Comparison of Immunogenicity and Safety of a Virosome Influenza Vaccine with Those of a Subunit Influenza Vaccine in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Schaad U. B. , Bühlmann U. , Burger R. , Ruedeberg A. , Wilder-Smith A. , Rutishauser M. , Sennhauser F. , Herzog C. , Zellmeyer M. , Glück R. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a single-dose regimen and a two-dose regimen of a trivalent virosome influenza vaccine (Inflexal Berna V) with those of a trivalent subunit influenza vaccine (Influvac) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). In an open, randomized, multicenter study with parallel groups, 11 young children with CF (1 to 6 years old) and 53 older children and adolescents with CF (>6 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the following immunization regimens: virosome vaccine at 0.5 ml on study day 0 or 0.25 ml on days 0 and 28 or a standard regimen of subunit vaccine, i.e., 0.5 ml on day 0 for older children and 0.25 ml on days 0 and 28 for younger children. Safety assessments, i.e., recording of systemic and local adverse events (AEs) and vital signs, were made for a 5-day observation period after each immunization. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were determined at baseline and 4 weeks after the single-dose and the two-dose immunizations, respectively. Immunogenicity was assessed according to the criteria of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA). Both vaccines induced comparable HI antibody titers. Seroconversion (≥4-fold rise in HI antibody titers, reaching a titer of ≥1:40) was achieved in 41 to 100% of the participants. Seroprotection (HI titer, ≥1:40) and a >2.5-fold increase in geometric mean titers were achieved in 100% of the participants. Thus, all three EMEA requirements for influenza vaccine efficacy were met by all treatment groups and for both vaccines. The virosome vaccine, when administered as a single dose, seemed to induce superior immunogenicity compared with the standard pediatric two-dose regimen. Totals of 42 and 57% of vaccinees receiving virosome and subunit vaccines, respectively, reported at least one local AE (predominantly pain). Totals of 84 and 71% of subjects receiving virosome and subunit vaccines, respectively, complained in response to questions of at least one systemic AE (mainly cough, fatigue, coryza, or headache). The majority of events were mild or moderate and lasted 1 or 2 days only. No obvious relationship was found between AE reporting rate and vaccine formulation, age group, or dose regimen. The relatively high AE reporting rate seemed to be partly related to the symptomatology of the underlying CF disease. In summary, the virosome and subunit vaccines induced in both age groups and against all three influenza strains an efficient immune response and were well tolerated by the children and adolescents with CF.
Cyclic AMP and Fluconazole Resistance in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kontoyiannis D. P. , Rupp Steffen 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in the stress response in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. We show that cAMP is required for resistance to fluconazole in
S. cerevisiae
. In addition, activation of
Ras2
, a regulator of cAMP generation, results in some protection from fluconazole toxicity in a fashion independent of the efflux transporter Pdr5p.
Serologic Testing for Celiac Disease in the United States: Results of a Multilaboratory Comparison Study
Authors: Murray Joseph A. , Herlein Judith , Mitros Frank , Goeken James A. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiencies of six reference laboratories for serologic testing for celiac disease. Serum from 20 patients with untreated celiac disease and from 20 controls was thawed, divided, and distributed to each participating laboratory, which performed endomysial antibody tests. Five laboratories also performed antigliadin antibody tests. Sensitivity for endomysial antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) varied from 57 to 90%. In all laboratories, the specificity for celiac disease was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity for both IgA and IgG antigliadin antibody varied significantly. When results from all three tests were combined in each laboratory, sensitivity was 90 to 100%. The specificity for endomysial antibody was 100% in the laboratories. Sensitivity was less than reported previously. Standardization of these tests is needed in the United States.
Binding of a Monoclonal Antibody to Sporozoites ofSarcocystis singaporensisEnhances Escape from the Parasitophorous Vacuole, Which Is Necessary for Intracellular Development
Authors: Jäkel T. , Wallstein E. , Müncheberg F. , Archer-Baumann C. , Weingarten B. , Kliemt D. , Mackenstedt U. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTEarly intracellular development in vitro of the cyst-forming protozoonSarcocystis singaporensisand the influence of a monoclonal antibody on invasion, intracellular localization, and development of sporozoites were studied. As revealed by immunofluorescence using parasite-specific antibodies which labeled the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and by ultrastructural analysis, sporozoites invaded pneumonocytes of the rat via formation of a parasitophorous vacuole (PV). About half of the sporozoites left this compartment within the first 8 h postinfection to enter the host cell cytosol. By semiquantitative analysis of acetyl-histone H4 expression of sporozoites, a marker linked to early gene expression of eukaryotic cells, we show (supported by ultrastructural analysis) that escape from the PV appears to be necessary for early intracellular development. More than 90% of sporozoites located in the cytosol expressed high levels of acetylated histone H4 in the nucleus, whereas only a quarter of the intravacuolar sporozoites exhibited a similar signal. As revealed by ultrastructural analysis, young schizonts all resided in the cytosol. Specific binding of a monoclonal antibody (11D5/H3) to sporozoites before invasion significantly enhanced their escape from the PV, whereas cell invasion itself remained unaffected. The antibody actually increased proliferation of the parasites in vitro, providing a further link between residence in the cytosol and successful intracellular development. Monoclonal antibody 11D5/H3 precipitated a major 58-kDa antigen from oocyst-sporocyst extracts and reacted with the cytoplasm and the surface of sporozoites in immunofluorescence assays. Collectively, the observed antibody-parasite interaction suggests the existence of a signaling event that influences intracellular development ofSarcocystis.