bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance and tectonic setting of late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): Implications for accretionary tectonics of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Song Dongfang , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Han Chunming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Central Asian Orogenic Belt has long been considered the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the world; it developed through the subduction and final closure of the Paleo–Asian Ocean. However, the architecture and duration of the accretionary orogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt are still controversial despite decades of investigation. In this study, we present field, compositional, and stratigraphically controlled detrital zircon geochronological data for late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Alxa Tectonic Belt to constrain their provenance, tectonic setting, and the overall tectonic configuration of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A Devonian sample yields a unimodal age peak (ca. 424 Ma) and broad late Mesoproterozoic ages. A Carboniferous sample has Early Silurian (ca. 438 Ma) and Late Devonian (ca. 382 Ma) peaks along with Neoproterozoic to Archean ages. The Permian samples are dominated by Ordovician–Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian ages. They yield maximum depositional ages ranging from ca. 291 Ma to 248 Ma and contain abundant zircon ages that are close to their depositional ages. These data reveal Ordovician–Silurian and Carboniferous–Permian magmatic flare-ups separated by a Devonian magmatic lull in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The arc terranes in southern Mongolia, central Beishan, and northern Alxa provided major detritus for the late Paleozoic sediments. An abrupt shift of zircon εHf(t) values at ca. 400 Ma reveals significant late Paleozoic crustal growth and excludes southern Alxa as a source. Oceanic basins prevented detritus from southern Alxa from reaching northern Alxa during Permian–Early Triassic time. A geological and provenance comparison of Permian basins in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt reveals the existence of two separate forearcs ascribed to bipolar subduction of the Paleo–Asian Ocean. Combined with recent paleomagnetic data, this leads us to advocate for an archipelago-style accretionary process induced by subduction retreat for the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, which continued into Late Permian–Early Triassic.
Educational activities on language and behavioural outcomes at school entry are more important for socioeconomically disadvantaged children: a prospective observational study of Australian children
Authors: Gialamas Angela , Haag Dandara G , Mittinty Murthy N , Lynch John W 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo investigate whether time spent in educational activities at 2–3 years and developmental outcomes at school entry differ among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.MethodsParticipants were from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=4253). Time spent in educational activities was collected using 24-hour time-use diaries. Income was measured using parent self-report. Receptive vocabulary was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and problem behaviours were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Marginal structural models were used to test whether the effects of educational activities on outcomes differed by income.ResultsChildren exposed to both <30 min/day in educational activities and being in a low-income household were at greater risk of poorer outcomes at school entry than the simple sum of their independent effects. Compared with children who spent ≥30 min/day in educational activities from high-income households, children who experienced <30 min/day in educational activities from low-income households had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.88 to 2.80) higher risk of having a receptive vocabulary score in the lowest quartile at school entry. The Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction of 0.15 (95% CI −0.38 to 0.67) was greater than 0, indicating a super-additive effect measure modification by income. These patterns were similar for behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that if there was an intervention of sufficient dose to increase the amount of time spent in educational activities to at least 30 min/day for children in the lower-income group, the risk of children having sub-optimal receptive vocabulary would be reduced by 45% and the risk of teacher-reported conduct and hyperactivity problems reduced by 67% and 70%, respectively.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of circular RNAs for lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Qian , Chen Lizhen , Yang Li , Huang Yuanshuai 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as potential biomarkers for patients with lung cancer. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyse the diagnostic, prognostic and clinicopathological values of circRNAs in lung cancer patients. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was performed for relevant articles from inception to 29 January 2020. Pooled parameters including sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic performance, HRs and 95% CIs were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and ORs were used to estimate clinicopathological parameters. 52 studies from 45 articles were enrolled in this study, including 17 on diagnosis and 35 on prognosis. For diagnostic values, circRNAs could discriminate lung cancer patients from the controls, with AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.86), a relatively high sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.81) and speciﬁcity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.79). For prognostic significances, overexpression of 23 upregulated circRNAs was relevant to a poor prognosis (OS: HR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.96 to 2.49, p&lt;0.001), and overexpression of 9 downregulated circRNAs was correlated with a favourable prognosis (OS: HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.73, p&lt;0.001). As for clinicopathological parameters, high expression of 23 upregulated circRNAs was associated with unfavourable clinicopathological features while 9 downregulated circRNAs proved the contrary. In conclusion, this study confirmed that circRNAs might serve as important biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic values of lung cancer.
Reinforcement of General Shell Structures
Authors: Gil-Ureta Francisca , Pietroni Nico , Zorin Denis 
Published: June 2020

We introduce an efficient method for designing shell reinforcements of minimal weight. Inspired by classical Michell trusses, we create a reinforcement layout whose members are aligned with optimal stress directions, then optimize their shape minimizing the volume while keeping stresses bounded.
We exploit two predominant techniques for reinforcing shells: adding ribs aligned with stress directions and using thicker walls on regions of high stress. Most previous work can generate either only ribs or only variable-thickness walls. However, in the general case, neither approach by itself will provide optimal solutions.
By using a more precise volume model, our method is capable of producing optimized structures with the full range of qualitative behaviors: from ribs to walls and smoothly transitioning in between. Our method includes new algorithms for determining the layout of reinforcement structure elements, and an efficient algorithm to optimize their shape, minimizing a non-linear non-convex functional at a fraction of the cost and with better optimality compared to standard solvers.
We demonstrate the optimization results for a variety of shapes and the improvements it yields in the strength of 3D-printed objects.
Prohibition of Stay of Proceedings in Criminal Litigations under ACJA/EFCC Acts and Speedy Dispensation of Justice: Olisah Metuh V FRN (2017) 5–7 MJSC 83
Authors: Imam Ibrahim , Abdulhamid Yusuf O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Considering the reality that criminal proceedings suffer unwarranted delay due to spatial of antics habitually utilized by litigants to delay proceedings, this paper explores the judgment of the Supreme Court in Methu v FRN to determine whether, or not, exclusion of stay of proceedings is constitutional. The authors employed mainly doctrinal method, thus library based. It is established that antics and technicalities often employ by litigants/counsel in corruption cases constitute impediment to speedy trial of indicted individual in courts. The judgment under review validates the constitutionality of proscription of stay of proceedings and remedied the unwholesome attitude of litigants/counsel to deliberately delay/frustrate criminal proceedings. Similarly, the risk of denying the state of its synergy to fight corruption vide delay in securing expeditious hearing and trial of cases is extinguished and constitutional right of the accused, the victim of crime and the state to fair hearing within reasonable time reaffirmed. It is concluded that the innovative insertion of prohibition on stay of proceedings in the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) and Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) Act mechanisms put in place to check delay in prosecuting crime of corruption, and therefore, does not infringe on the fundamental right of an accused person to fair hearing.
The End of the Oppression of Indigenous Peoples under Capitalism? Bolivia under the Morales Government
Authors: de Carvalho Soraia 
Published: June 2020

Examination of the indigenous issue under the Evo Morales government in the framework of class struggle points to the weakening of the labor movement with the implantation of neoliberal measures in the late 1980s and the rise of the indigenous movement. The constituent assembly restored the democratic illusions weakened by the upheavals of 2000 and 2003. Its predominantly indigenous and peasant composition brought the agrarian question and the recognition of indigenous nationalities to the center of the debate. This experience did not and could not change the class nature of the state. The maintenance and defense of large private capitalist property is incompatible with a practice of national sovereignty and self-determination of indigenous nationalities. Um exame a questão indígena sob o governo Evo Morales nos marcos da luta de classes aponta o enfraquecimento do movimento operário com a implantação de medidas neoliberais nos fins dos anos 1980 e a ascensão o movimento indígena. A constituinte recompôs as ilusões democráticas enfraquecidas com os levantes de 2000 e 2003. A composição predominantemente indígena e camponesa da assembleia constituinte e a presença das suas organizações no processo traziam para o centro do debate a solução da questão agrária e do reconhecimento das nacionalidades indígenas. Esta experiência não modificou e nem poderia modificar a natureza de classe do Estado. A manutenção e defesa da grande propriedade privada capitalista são incompatíveis com uma prática de soberania nacional e autodeterminação das nacionalidades indígenas.
Quantitative Analysis of Saccade Gain in Video Head Impulse Testing
Authors: Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Haiyan , Wang Hui , Yu Dongzhen 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyze corrective saccade (CS) gain and further characterize the specific relationship between vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain and CS gain in patients with vestibular loss and healthy controls.Study DesignProspective combined with retrospective study.SettingAffiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Subjects and MethodsForty patients with unilateral vestibular loss and 40 participants with normal vestibular function were subjected to video head impulse testing (vHIT). The analysis of the horizontal semicircular canal VOR and CS gains was based on individual head impulses.ResultsThe patient group had significantly higher CS gain and lower VOR gain than the control group (P <. 001). While there was no significant correlation between VOR and CS gains in the control group after adjusting for age and sex (P =. 689), VOR gain negatively correlated with CS gain in the patient group (r = −0.853, P <. 001). The specific relationship between VOR and CS gains was characterized as y = −1.17x + 1.12 (x: VOR gain, y: CS gain; r
2 = 0.732, P <. 001) in the patient group.ConclusionsIn healthy participants, CS was not correlated with VOR gain, suggesting that CS is not due to VOR hypofunction. In patients with unilateral vestibular loss, CS was closely associated with VOR gain and can almost correct gaze position errors required for visual stabilization. CS gain could be an important indicator to diagnose vestibular loss and help physicians identify abnormal vHIT curves caused by artifacts and irregular practices.
A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Valika Taher S. , Maurrasse Sarah E. , Reichert Lara 
Published: June 2020

The outbreak of COVID‐19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable ways, with far‐reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to an outpouring of daily, ever‐changing information. To assess the amount of data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID‐19 was performed. Nearly 8000 articles have been published since the virus was defined 4 months ago. This number has grown exponentially every month, potentially hindering our ability to discern what is scientifically important. Unlike previous global pandemics, we exist in a world of instantaneous access. Information, accurate or otherwise, is flowing from one side of the world to the other via word of mouth, social media, news, and medical journals. Changes in practice guidelines should be based on high‐quality, well‐powered research. Our job as health care providers is to mitigate misinformation and provide reassurance to prevent a second pandemic of misinformation.
Contemporary trends in mitral valve surgery in East China: a 10-year experience
Authors: Ma Liang , Li Renyuan , Jiang Lijun , Li Weidong , Zhao Haige , Zou Yu , Shi Liping , Ni Yiming 
Published: June 2020

Background Contemporary nationwide data from mainland China on trends in mitral valve surgery are scarce. The purpose of the present study was to review a single-center experience with mitral valve surgery over a 10-year period in East China. Methods Between July 2009 and June 2019, 3238 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve surgery in our center were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were evenly divided into three periods: July 2009 to October 2012 (period I), November 2012 to February 2016 (period II), March 2016 to June 2019 (period III). Results The 3238 patients included 536 (16.6%) who had mitral valve repair and 2702 (83.4%) who had mitral valve replacement. Early mortalities for mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement were 0.2% and 0.9%, respectively. There were trends towards a higher proportion of degenerative valve lesions (24.6%, 35.8%, 54.7% in periods I, II, and III, respectively) and a lower proportion of rheumatic valve lesions (71.0%, 62.6%, 38.0%) in more recent years. The proportions of minimally invasive surgery (0.7%, 2.1%, 30.2%), mitral valve repair (8.3%, 15.4%, 27.5%), use of a bioprosthesis (10.1%, 17.0%, 23.1%), and concomitant tricuspid valve procedures (13.2%, 28.5%, 46.0%) increased dramatically, while early mortality remained constant during the 10-year period (1.0%, 0.3%, 0.9%). Conclusions In the past 10 years, the spectrum of mitral valve disease experienced a trend towards more degenerative valve lesions and less rheumatic valve lesions in East China. Mitral valve repair, bioprostheses, tricuspid valve repair, and minimally invasive surgery have been more often applied in recent years.
Assessing school-lunch feeding and nutrition education strategy for healthier kids in selected Philippine public schools
Authors: Dorado Julieta B , Azaña Glenda P , Viajar Rowena V , Ramirez Ma. Anna Rita M , Ferrer Eldridge B , Buyco Nesrianne G , Aguila Divorah V , Capanzana Mario V 
Published: June 2020

Background: Nutrition interventions during the early years of a child’s life are anchored on the need to provide good nutrition and proper health care to optimize their growth potential as adults. In the Philippines, undernutrition is a persistent problem among 0–10 year old Filipino children. In this age group, children consume a diet poor in quantity and quality. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of a school-lunch and nutrition education intervention among schoolchildren in terms of attaining good nutrition. Method: Using a quasi-experimental design, children aged 7–9 years from public elementary schools in the province of Laguna, Philippines were categorized into three intervention groups and one non-intervention group. Anthropometric measurements; nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior; and food intake among children and households were collected at baseline and endline periods. SPSS for Windows version 16 and Stata version 15 were utilized for data analysis. Results: Mean scores on knowledge, attitude and behavior of schoolchildren in intervention groups increased significantly at endline ( p<0.05). Protein requirement was met by more children and households than the energy requirement. Most children with normal nutritional status after the interventions (25.3%) belonged to the group with the complete intervention of school-lunch and nutrition education. Conclusions: The provision of both school-lunch feeding and nutrition education is effective in improving the knowledge, attitude and behavior scores and nutritional status of schoolchildren. The adoption and institutionalization of complete intervention with school-lunch and nutrition education in elementary public schools should be pursued.
Contrast-enhanced mammography in the evaluation of breast calcifications: preliminary experience
Authors: Depretto Catherine , Borelli Anna , Liguori Alessandro , Presti Gabriele , Vingiani Andrea , Cartia Francesco , Ferranti Claudio , Scaperrotta Gianfranco P. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To evaluate the presence of contrast enhancement at the site of calcifications on contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and histopathologic results at vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), and to examine the association with lesion size and immunohistochemical characteristics, in order to assess disease aggressiveness in malignant lesions. Methods: A total of 34 patients with 36 clusters of suspicious calcifications (BI-RADS 4) were investigated with CEM before the scheduled VAB. We evaluated the presence or absence of enhancement, histologic diagnosis, and, in case of malignant lesions, their size and the expression of Ki-67. Results: In our case series, 15/36 (41.7%) lesions were malignant. In 7 cases, contrast enhancement was found at the site of calcifications. Data about size of lesions and immunohistochemical characterization were not available for all malignant cases. In 5 cases with CEM enhancement, all lesions were >5 mm and overexpressing Ki-67 (>20%); in 6 cases with no contrast enhancement, the lesions were <5 mm and with low Ki-67 values (<20%). Conclusion: Our preliminary study provides indications on the ability of CEM to recognize neoplasms larger than 5 mm, with high proliferative index (Ki-67 >20%), and frequently human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive. Our preliminary results suggest that CEM could detect aggressive malignancies. This could be the starting point for planning further studies with larger numbers of cases, in an attempt to reduce overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment.
Dose prescription in SBRT for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: are we all speaking the same language?
Authors: Merlotti Anna , Bonomo Pierluigi , Ragona Riccardo , Trovò Marco , Alongi Filippo , Mazzola Rosario , Vigna Taglianti Riccardo , Gianello Luca , Reali Alessia , Bergesio Fabrizio , Lucio Francesco , Boriano Alberto , De Maggi Adriano , Russi Elvio 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Stereotactic body radiation therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of early-stage lung cancers. Guidelines provide indications regarding the constraints to the organs at risk (OARs) and the minimum coverage of the planning target volume but do not suggest optimal dose distribution. Data on dose distribution from the different published series are not comparable due to different prescription modalities and reported dose parameters. Methods: We conducted a review of the published data on dose prescription, focusing on the role of homogeneity on local tumor control, and present suggestions on how to specify and report the prescriptions to permit comparisons between studies or between cases from different centers. Conclusions: To identify the dose-prescription modality that better correlates with oncologic outcomes, future studies should guarantee a close uniformity of dose distribution between cases and complete dose parameters reporting for treatment volumes and OARs.
Comparing the Responsiveness of the Global Rating Scale With Legacy Knee Outcome Scores: A Delaware-Oslo Cohort Study
Authors: Johnson Jessica L. , Irrgang James J. , Risberg May Arna , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: June 2020

Background: The selection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is essential for obtaining meaningful information to treat a patient, determine a plan of care, and make clinical decisions; however, the process of selecting PROMs for clinical care is difficult, with the need to balance these multiple factors. Variation makes it difficult to compare data across providers and studies. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to determine the responsiveness of 4 PROMs via effect size and the presence of a ceiling effect in the 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We hypothesized that the single-item Global Rating Scale (GRS) would have an effect size and ceiling effect similar to the commonly used legacy PROMs. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Of the 300 participants, 218 had ACLR, completed postoperative progressive criterion-based rehabilitation early after surgery, and were followed for 5 years. We collected data based on the GRS, the Knee Outcome Survey–Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS), the International Knee Documentation Committee–Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF), and the KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) before and after training and at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after ACLR. Results: The IKDC-SKF had the largest effect sizes and lowest ceiling effects. The GRS had a similar size and change in both effect size and ceiling effect when compared with the longer PROMs. The GRS and IKDC-SKF had a correlation of 0.72, and the GRS had a minimal detectable change of 2.9 or 4.8, depending on methodology. Conclusion: The GRS responded similarly to the IKDC-SKF, KOS-ADLS, and KOOS and was responsive to patient change. The ease of use and patient-specific nature of the question means that it may be appropriate to use the GRS in clinical care as a consistent measure throughout the course of rehabilitation.