bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting strategies to increase detection of chronic wasting disease in cervids
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Hopp Petter , Alvseike Kristin Ruud , Benestad Sylvie L. , Nilsen Erlend B. , Rolandsen Christer M. , Strand Olav , Våge Jørn , Viljugrein Hildegunn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe successful mitigation of emerging wildlife diseases may involve controversial host culling. For livestock, ‘preemptive host culling’ is an accepted practice involving the removal of herds with known contact to infected populations. When applied to wildlife, this proactive approach comes in conflict with biodiversity conservation goals. Here, we present an alternative approach of ‘proactive hunting surveillance’ with the aim of early disease detection that simultaneously avoids undesirable population decline by targeting demographic groups with (1) a higher likelihood of being infected and (2) a lower reproductive value. We applied this harvesting principle to populations of reindeer to substantiate freedom of chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection. Proactive hunting surveillance reached 99% probability of freedom from infection (<4 reindeer infected) within 3–5 years, in comparison to ~10 years using ordinary harvest surveillance. However, implementation uncertainties linked to social issues appear challenging also with this kind of host culling.
Infrared retinal images for flashless detection of macular edema
Authors: Ajaz Aqsa , Kumar Dinesh K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the use of infrared (IR) images of the retina, obtained without flashes of light, for machine-based detection of macular oedema (ME). A total of 41 images of 21 subjects, here with 23 cases and 18 controls, were studied. Histogram and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters were extracted from the IR retinal images. The diagnostic performance of the histogram and GLCM parameters was calculated in hindsight based on the known labels of each image. The results from the one-way ANOVA indicated there was a significant difference between ME eyes and the controls when using GLCM features, with the correlation feature having the highest area under the curve (AUC) (AZ) value. The performance of the proposed method was also evaluated using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that gave sensitivity and specificity of 100%. This research shows that the texture of the IR images of the retina has a significant difference between ME eyes and the controls and that it can be considered for machine-based detection of ME without requiring flashes of light.
Heritability of overlapping impulsivity and compulsivity dimensional phenotypes
Authors: Tiego Jeggan , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Harrison Ben J. , Dawson Andrew , Albertella Lucy , Youssef George J. , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Yücel Murat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImpulsivity and compulsivity are traits relevant to a range of mental health problems and have traditionally been conceptualised as distinct constructs. Here, we reconceptualised impulsivity and compulsivity as partially overlapping phenotypes using a bifactor modelling approach and estimated heritability for their shared and unique phenotypic variance within a classical twin design. Adult twin pairs (N = 173) completed self-report questionnaires measuring psychological processes related to impulsivity and compulsivity. We fitted variance components models to three uncorrelated phenotypic dimensions: a general impulsive–compulsive dimension; and two narrower phenotypes related to impulsivity and obsessiveness.There was evidence of moderate heritability for impulsivity (A2 = 0.33), modest additive genetic or common environmental effects for obsessiveness (A2 = 0.25; C2 = 0.23), and moderate effects of common environment (C2 = 0.36) for the general dimension, This general impulsive–compulsive phenotype may reflect a quantitative liability to related mental health disorders that indexes exposure to potentially modifiable environmental risk factors.
Host age is not a consistent predictor of microbial diversity in the coral Porites lutea
Authors: Wainwright Benjamin J. , Zahn Geoffrey L. , Afiq-Rosli Lutfi , Tanzil Jani T. I. , Huang Danwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorals harbour diverse microbial communities that can change in composition as the host grows in age and size. Larger and older colonies have been shown to host a higher diversity of microbial taxa and this has been suggested to be a consequence of their more numerous, complex and varied micro-niches available. However, the effects of host age on community structure and diversity of microbial associates remain equivocal in the few studies performed to date. To test this relationship more robustly, we use established techniques to accurately determine coral host age by quantifying annual skeletal banding patterns, and utilise high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively characterise the microbiome of the common reef-building coral,Porites lutea. Our results indicate no clear link between coral age and microbial diversity or richness. Different sites display distinct age-dependent diversity patterns, with more anthropogenically impacted reefs appearing to show a winnowing of microbial diversity with host age, possibly a consequence of corals adapting to degraded environments. Less impacted sites do not show a signature of winnowing, and we observe increases in microbial richness and diversity as the host ages. Furthermore, we demonstrate that corals of a similar age from the same reef can show very different microbial richness and diversity.
A novel fusion based on the evolutionary features for protein fold recognition using support vector machines
Authors: Refahi Mohammad Saleh , Mir A. , Nasiri Jalal A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein fold recognition plays a crucial role in discovering three-dimensional structure of proteins and protein functions. Several approaches have been employed for the prediction of protein folds. Some of these approaches are based on extracting features from protein sequences and using a strong classifier. Feature extraction techniques generally utilize syntactical-based information, evolutionary-based information and physicochemical-based information to extract features. In recent years, finding an efficient technique for integrating discriminate features have been received advancing attention. In this study, we integrate Auto-Cross-Covariance and Separated dimer evolutionary feature extraction methods. The results’ features are scored by Information gain to define and select several discriminated features. According to three benchmark datasets, DD, RDD ,and EDD, the results of the support vector machine show more than 6$$\%$$%improvement in accuracy on these benchmark datasets.
Basal and cold-induced fatty acid uptake of human brown adipose tissue is impaired in obesity
Authors: Saari T. J. , Raiko J. , U-Din M. , Niemi T. , Taittonen M. , Laine J. , Savisto N. , Haaparanta-Solin M. , Nuutila P. , Virtanen K. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFatty acids (FA) are important substrates for brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism, however, it remains unclear whether there exists a difference in FA metabolism of BAT between lean and obese healthy humans. In this study we evaluated supraclavicular BAT fatty acid uptake (FAU) along with blood perfusion in lean and obese subjects during cold exposure and at room temperature using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Additionally, tissue samples were taken from supraclavicular region (typical BAT region) from a subset of subjects to evaluate histological presence of BAT. Non-shivering cold stress elevated FAU and perfusion of BAT in lean, but not in obese subjects. Lean subjects had greater FAU in BAT compared to obese subjects during cold exposure and interestingly also at room temperature. The higher BAT FAU was related to younger age and several indicators of superior systemic metabolic health. The subjects who manifested BAT histologically had several folds higher BAT FAU compared to subjects with no such histological manifestation. Together, obese subjects have less active tissue in supraclavicular region both in basal and cold-activated state and the FA metabolism of BAT is blunted in obesity.
Neural processing of olfactory-related words in subjects with congenital and acquired olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Joshi Akshita , Han Pengfei , Faria Vanda , Larsson Maria , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlfactory loss can be acquired (patients with a history of olfactory experiences), or inborn (patients without olfactory experiences/life-long inability to smell). Inborn olfactory loss, or congenital anosmia (CA), is relatively rare and there is a knowledge gap regarding the compensatory neural mechanisms involved in this condition. The study aimed to investigate the top-down olfactory processing in patients with CA or idiopathic acquired anosmia (IA) in comparison to normosmia controls (NC) during expectancy and reading of odor-associated words. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activations in 14 patients with CA, 8 patients with IA, and 16 NC healthy participants during an expectancy and reading task. Words with strong olfactory associations (OW) (e.g. “banana”) or with little or no olfactory associations (CW) (e.g. “chair”) were used as stimuli and were presented with a block design Analyses were conducted to explore the brain activation in response to OW expectancy or OW reading between groups (CW as baseline). During the expectancy condition of OW, IA and NC groups showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to right insula, caudate region and frontal medial OFC respectively. Whereas during the reading condition of OW, CA patients showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to the insula. Increased activation of higher-order brain regions related to multisensory integration among CA patients suggests a compensatory mechanism for processing semantic olfactory cues.
Multifractal characterization of the Coniacian–Santonian OAE3 in lacustrine and marine deposits based on spectral gamma ray logs
Authors: Kouamelan Kouamelan Serge , Zou Changchun , Wang Chengshan , Assie Konan Roger , Peng Cheng , Mondah Ohouo Rebecca , N’dri Koffi Alexis , Brantson Eric Thompson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLimited to the Atlantic and its surrounding basins, the expression of the Coniacian–Santonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE3) was discovered in the non-marine Cretaceous Songliao Basin, Eastern Asia not long ago. In this study, based on spectral gamma ray logs data recorded in three basins, the self-similarity of the OAE3 was studied through the analysis of the scaling properties of thorium–potassium and thorium–uranium distributions both in marine and terrestrial environments using the multifractal detrending fluctuation analysis. The results indicate that, in both marine and terrestrial systems, the OAE3 intervals are characterized by their multifractal nature due to long-range correlation. However, the multifractal features of the studied OAE3 intervals are different in the three basins, although some common trends were observed. By comparing the degree of multifractality of the OAE3 deposits with the clay minerals and the redox conditions, it appears that the changes of the multifractal features are controlled by local changes such as clay mineralogy and redox conditions in both milieus under different sedimentation patterns. At all sites, the left side shortened spectrum of the thorium–potassium distribution suggests the presence of local fluctuations with minor amplitudes during the OAE3. Furthermore, the shortened singularity spectrum of the thorium–uranium distribution reflects the existence of small-scale fluctuations with large amplitudes at marine sites while in the non-marine Songliao Basin, the thorium–uranium distribution suggests the presence of local fluctuations with small amplitudes during the OAE3. Therefore, a more local behavior of the event is considered although the regional character is not neglected.
Currently favored sampling practices for tumor sequencing can produce optimal results in the clinical setting
Authors: Pongor Lőrinc S. , Munkácsy Gyöngyi , Vereczkey Ildikó , Pete Imre , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumor heterogeneity is a consequence of clonal evolution, resulting in a fractal-like architecture with spatially separated main clones, sub-clones and single-cells. As sequencing an entire tumor is not feasible, we ask the question whether there is an optimal clinical sampling strategy that can handle heterogeneity and hypermutations? Here, we tested the effect of sample size, pooling strategy as well as sequencing depth using whole-exome sequencing of ovarian tumor specimens paired with normal blood samples. Our study has an emphasis on clinical application—hence we compared single biopsy, combined local biopsies and combined multi-regional biopsies. Our results show that sequencing from spatially neighboring regions show similar genetic compositions, with few private mutations. Pooling samples from multiple distinct regions of the primary tumor did not increase the overall number of identified mutations but may increase the robustness of detecting clonal mutations. Hypermutating tumors are a special case, since increasing sample size can easily dilute sub-clonal private mutations below detection thresholds. In summary, we compared the effects of sampling strategies (single biopsy, multiple local samples, pooled global sample) on mutation detection by next generation sequencing. In view of the limitations of present tools and technologies, only one sequencing run per sample combined with high coverage (100–300 ×) sequencing is affordable and practical, regardless of the number of samples taken from the same patient.
Compared DNA and RNA quality of breast cancer biobanking samples after long-term storage protocols in − 80 °C and liquid nitrogen
Authors: Babel Maximilian , Mamilos Andreas , Seitz Stephan , Niedermair Tanja , Weber Florian , Anzeneder Tobias , Ortmann Olaf , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Brochhausen Christoph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular investigations are crucial for further developments in precision medicine. RNA sequencing, alone or in combination with further omic-analyses, resulted in new therapeutic strategies. In this context, biobanks represent infrastructures to store tissue samples and body fluids in combination with clinical data to promote research for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic candidate molecules. Until today, the optimal storage conditions are a matter of debate especially with view to the storage temperature. In this unique approach we compared parallel samples from the same tumour, one half stored at − 80 °C and one half in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen, with almost identical pre-analytical conditions. We demonstrated that RNA isolated from breast cancer samples revealed significantly higher RINe-values after 10 years of storage in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen compared to storage at − 80 °C. In contrast, no significant difference was found regarding the DIN-values after DNA isolation. Morphological changes of the nucleus and cytoplasm, especially in the samples stored at − 80 °C, gave insights to degenerative effects, most possibly due to the storage protocol and its respective peculiarities. In addition, our results indicate that exact point-to point documentation beginning at the sample preparation is mandatory.
Kyphotic deformity correction of different operative approaches in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xuan Wenbin , Ma Junyi , Liao Ruiyun 
Published: September 2020

Background: As a common traumatic disease in spine surgery, thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBF) often leads to complications such as back pain, kyphotic deformity and nerve damage, causing severe physical defects and economic burden on patients.
Objective: To explore kyphotic deformity correction of different operative approaches for TLBF.
Design of research: Systematic review and meta-analysis are utilized to compare the efficacy of different approaches for postoperative kyphotic deformity in TLBF patients.
Methods: English documents that discussed TLBF with different operative approaches were searched from various databases. The obtained documents were screened and evaluated.
Results: The comparison and analysis of preoperative Cobb angle, early-postoperative Cobb angle correction, and follow-up Cobb angle correction between the anterior and posterior approach groups showed no statistical significance [MD=0.97, 95% CI (-0.44, 2.38), P=0.18; MD=0.25, 95% CI (-0.04, 0.54), P=0.10; MD=-0.12, 95% CI (-0.44, 0.19), P=0.45].
Conclusion: While treating TLBF symptoms, both the anterior and posterior approaches were effective in correcting postoperative kyphosis deformity. Therefore, while determining a treatment method, the age and the tolerance to the surgery of each patient should be considered for the surgical treatment options. This study provides new ideas for clinical treatment of TLBF in the future.
Ophthalmic Care in Nursing Homes for the Blind: A Growing Challenge
Authors: Wagner Helena , Stifter Julia , Engesser Diana , Atzrodt Lisa , Betancor Paola Kammrath , Böhringer Daniel , Faessler Markus , Wuermeling Martin , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The demographic change in Germany will lead to an increase in irreversible age-related eye diseases. This will increase the need for specialised care facilities for visually impaired people. Due to reduced mobility, residents in such facilities often do not receive adequate ophthalmological care. New concepts must therefore be considered for this group of patients. One approach is to set up an ophthalmological examination unit within the facility combined with regular visits by an ophthalmologist. We now present the experience with such a model in a home for the blind.
Patients and Methods The project was initiated in 2009. Since then there have been visits by medical staff of the Eye Center at Medical Center, University of Freiburg, every two weeks. All patient records (2010 – 2017) were reviewed systematically. The following data were extracted in a structured and anonymous way: Age at first presentation, gender, ophthalmological diagnoses and if a therapy was initiated. This data set was finally analysed descriptively.
Results Out of 130 residents aged between 48 and 100 years, half were between 78 and 90 years old. The youngest resident was 48, the oldest 100 years old. The median visual acuity was 0.2. Sixty percent of the residents had at least mild visual impairment according to the WHO (visual acuity < 0.5; category 1 – 6). In one of 6 – 7 residents, visual acuity could not be determined using Snellen charts. The most frequent ophthalmological diagnoses included cataract (44%), age-related macular degeneration (36%) and glaucoma (29%). In 67 residents (52%), the ophthalmological examination lead to treatment, such as application of local therapy or planning an operation.
Conclusion In every second resident, the ophthalmologistʼs visit lead to treatment during the observation period. This underlines the difficulty of providing ophthalmological care even in specialised institutions for the blind and visually impaired, which is possibly due to the residentsʼ mobility problems. The concept presented here has established a low-threshold, sustainable and high-quality ophthalmological service on site. These positive experiences indicate that corresponding measures may also be useful for other locations. However, in order to implement such a project on a larger scale, suitable financing and accounting modalities for the construction measures, the nursing staff and the ophthalmological procedure still need to be developed.
Einflussfaktoren der körperlichen Aktivität von
Kindern in Kitas: Eine Mehrebenenanalyse mit Querschnittsdaten aus dem Projekt
QueB 2
Authors: Müller Christina , Hassel Holger 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Rahmenbedingungen in Kindertagesstätten
beeinflussen die tägliche Zeit in moderater bis intensiver
körperlicher Aktivität (MVPA) von Kindern unter 6 Jahren. Die
Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren in der Kita und im Verhalten der
pädagogischen Fachkräfte die MVPA-Level der Kinder
beeinflussen.
Methodik Querschnittsdaten aus 8 Kitas aus dem Forschungsprojekt QueB 2
wurden verwendet. Die Zeit pro Tag in MVPA wurde mit ActiGraph
GT3X+Akzelerometern gemessen. Untersuchte unabhängige Variablen
waren Alter, Geschlecht, MVPA-Level der pädagogischen Fachkräfte
und 8 Merkmale aus einer Selbsteinschätzungs-Checkliste für
Kitas. Hierarchische lineare Regressionsmodelle wurden mit SAS berechnet.
Ergebnisse Valide Akzelerometerdaten lagen von 126 Kindern
(51,59% Mädchen) vor. Mädchen erreichten pro Tag im
Durchschnitt 33,01, Jungen 49,11 Min. an MVPA. Nur 1,72% der
Varianz war auf die Kita zurückzuführen. Als signifikante
Einflussfaktoren wurden Innenräume mit Platz für Bewegung,
Regeln mit Bezug zu Bewegung und das Mitmachen der pädagogischen
Fachkräfte bei Aktivitäten identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung Individuelle Faktoren (Alter, Geschlecht) scheinen
für die tägliche MVPA stärker ausschlaggebend zu sein
als Merkmale der Kitas und sollten bei der Implementierung von Maßnahmen
zur Bewegungsförderung berücksichtigt werden.
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of vulva cancer recurrence: A comparison of PET-derived metabolic parameters between women with and without HIV infection
Authors: Mokoala Kgomotso M.G. , Lawal Ismaheel O. , Lengana Thabo , Popoola Gbenga O. , Boshomane Tebatso M.G. , Mokgoro Neo P. , Vorster Mariza , Sathekge Mike M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective To assess the patterns of recurrence of vulva cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT and to compare the 18F-FDG PET metabolic metrics in patients with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Methods Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained on Flourine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images of women referred with suspected or confirmed vulva cancer recurrence. We compared HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients regarding pattern disease recurrence, age at diagnosis, and the PET-derived metabolic indices.Results We analyzed 33 patients with a mean age 50.76 ± 15.78 including 21 HIV-infected women. The majority of patients (94 %) had squamous cell carcinoma and 84.85 % were Blacks. Of the HIV-infected individuals, the median CD4 count was 526.0 cells/mm3 (IQR: 379.0–729.0). HIV infected patients were younger than the HIV uninfected at the time of diagnosis: 40.50 ± 8.87 vs 66.54 ± 9.71 respectively, p < 0.001. We found a local (vulvar) recurrence rate of 75.8 %. Nodal pelvic recurrences were higher in the HIV-infected patients than in the HIV uninfected patients (70 % vs 30 %, p = 0.027). Three patients had distant metastasis and all three were HIV-infected. There was a higher whole-body MTV and TLG among HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, 103.39 vs 17.58 and 852.64 vs 101.79, respectively (p < 0.05 for both).Conclusion HIV-infected women are diagnosed with vulva cancer at a younger age. HIV-infected patients had a higher rate of pelvic lymph node recurrence. There is a higher tumor burden at vulva cancer recurrence among women with HIV infection.