bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance, acceptability, and validation of a phone application bowel diary
Authors: Zyczynski Halina M. , Richter Holly E. , Sung Vivian W. , Arya Lily A. , Lukacz Emily S. , Visco Anthony G. , Rahn David. D. , Carper Benjamin , Mazloomdoost Donna , Gantz Marie G. ,   for the NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess performance, acceptability, external validity, and reliability of a phone application electronic bowel diary (PFDN Bowel eDiary).MethodsWomen reporting refractory accidental bowel leakage (ABL) were enrolled in a randomized, crossover trial evaluating paper versus eDiary documentation of bowel movements (BM) and fecal incontinence episodes (FIE). Events were characterized by the presence or absence of urgency and Bristol stool scale consistency. The eDiary entries were date/time stamped and prompted by twice‐daily phone notifications. Women were randomized to complete up to three consecutive 14‐day diaries in two sequences. Diary events were compared between formats using the Pearson correlation. System usability scale (SUS) assessed eDiary usability. The eDiary test‐retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlations (ICCs).ResultsPaired diary data were available from 60/69 (87%) women 63.8 ± 9.8 years old with mean 13.2 BM per week and 6.5 FIE per week (nearly half with urgency). Among those providing diaries, adherence did not differ by paper or eDiary (93.3% vs. 95.0%). Notifications prompted 29.6% of eDiary entries, improving adherence from 70% to 95%. Paper and eDiaries were moderate to‐strongly correlated for BMs per week (r = .61), urgency BMs per week (r = .76), FIE per week (r = .66), urgency FIE per week (r = .72). Test‐retest reliability was good (ICC = .81 BMs per week, .79 urgency BMs per week, .74 FIE per week, and .62 urgency FIE per week). The mean SUS score was high, 82.3 ± 17.5 (range, 0–100) with 91.4% rating it easy to use, and 75.9% preferring the eDiary over paper.ConclusionThe PFDN Bowel eDiary correlated well with paper diary was considered easy to use, preferred to paper diaries, had high rates of confirmed real‐time diary completion that obviated staff data entry.
Exploring nurses' perception of taking care of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): A qualitative study
Authors: Galehdar Nasrin , Toulabi Tahereh , Kamran Aziz , Heydari Heshmatolah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimHealthcare staff, especially nurses, who are in the frontline of caring of patients with COVID‐19 have valuable experiences about taking care of these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was exploring nurses' perception of taking care of patients with COVID‐19.DesignThis qualitative study was performed using the conventional content analysis method.Methods13 nurses who were taking care of patients with COVID‐19 were selected using purposeful sampling in the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through telephone interviews and analysed based on the Lundman and Graneheim's approach.ResultsQualitative analysis of the data revealed 3 sub‐categories, 8 categories and 3 main categories including care erosion, nursing professional growth and necessities.Relevance to clinical practiceImprove the work situation of the nurses during care of COVID‐19 patients, which can directly or indirectly improve the quality of care of these patients.
The visualization of stress in clinical training: A study of nursing students' perceptions
Authors: D'emeh Waddah Mohammad , Yacoub Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the perceived level and types of stress experienced by nursing students during clinical training.DesignA descriptive correlational cross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenience sample of 238 nursing students was recruited. Level and types of stress were measured by Perceived Stress Scale. The data were collected in February 2020.ResultsThe mean score of perceived stress was 2.58 (SD 0.92). Different sources of stressors perceived by students were identified in current study. The highest type of stressors perceived by students was stress from taking care of patients (mean = 2.81, SD 1.13). In addition, junior students perceived higher level of stress than senior students and female students experienced a higher level of stress than male counterparts. Students who have been supervised by clinical instructors whom their “primary” language is English scored a higher level of stress.
Lived Experiences of Adolescent Living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ghana: A Phenomenology Study
Authors: Doat Abdul‐Razak , Navab Elham , Sadat Hoseini Akram Sadat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore the meaning of living with HIV positive in Ghanaian adolescents.DesignHermeneutic phenomenological approach developed by Van Manen methodology (1990).MethodA purposive sampling of 12 adolescents living with HIV was recruited. Data were collected between September 2019–January 2020 using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo main themes emerged: Stigmatization and HIV disclosure and Living with a heavy burden. Seven subthemes were also found. Adolescents living with HIV in Ghana face discrimination, rejection and go through psychological distress such as suicidal thoughts, fear of death and hopelessness.ConclusionThe problems faced by adolescents living with HIV are a result of the inherent beliefs of the Ghanaian society about HIV. Nurses working with ADLHIV should concentrate on identifying challenges and provide support and care, in addition to their treatment.
Comparing fiber orientation evolution between startup of shear and nonlubricated squeeze flow
Authors: Lambert Gregory M. , Wapperom Peter , Baird Donald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLight weighting has become an integral part of vehicle design. This strategy makes use of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics, which can be injection molded into complex shapes. Composite design work requires knowledge of the orientation state throughout a part to predict properties like stiffness and strength. Although evolution models for the orientation state have been developed, each requires empirical parameters, and no standard method for obtaining these exists. This work continues efforts to find such a test, particularly for long (average length > 1 mm) glass fiber composites. Here, a polypropylene loaded with 30, 40, and, 50 wt% long glass fiber is subjected to startup of shear and nonlubricated squeeze flow (NLSF). The orientation evolution was reported for both flows and an attempt was made at fitting several orientation models to the data. The measured orientation evolution from startup of shear was slower than expected, and this slower evolution appears to result from the combination of the initial orientation state and fiber concentration. On the other hand, the measured orientation profile from NLSF was found to be essentially independent of fiber concentration. However, the NLSF orientation profile could not be replicated with a single set of parameters. Rather, shear‐like parameters made reasonable predictions in shear‐dominated regions, and extension‐like parameters made reasonable predictions in extension‐dominated areas, in concordance with results from short glass fiber composites.
Can we identify allergic rhinitis from administrative data: A validation study
Authors: Leth‐Møller Katja Biering , Skaaby Tea , Madsen Flemming , Petersen Janne , Linneberg Allan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundImportant insights on, for example, prevalence, disease progression, and treatment of allergic rhinitis can be obtained from large‐scale database studies if researchers are able to identify allergic individuals. We aimed to assess the validity of 13 different algorithms based on Danish nationwide prescription and/or hospital data to identify adults with allergic rhinitis.MethodsOur primary gold standard of allergic rhinitis was a positive serum specific IgE (≥0.35) and self‐reported nasal symptoms retrieved from two general health examination studies conducted in Danish adults (18‐69 years) during 2006 to 2008 (n = 3416) and 2012 to 2015 (n = 7237). The secondary gold standard of allergic rhinitis was self‐reported physician diagnosis. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each register‐based algorithm in the two time periods.ResultsSensitivity (≤0.40) was low for all algorithms irrespective of definition of allergic rhinitis (gold standard) or time period. The highest PPVs were obtained for algorithms requiring both antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; yielding a PPV of 0.69 (0.62‐0.75) and a corresponding sensitivity of 0.10 (0.09‐0.12) for the primary gold standard of allergic rhinitis in 2012 to 2015.ConclusionAlgorithms based on both antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids yielded the highest PPVs. However, the PPVs were still moderate and came at the expense of low sensitivity when applying the strict primary gold standard (sIgE and nasal symptom).
Impact of a drug safety communication on the severity of benzonatate exposures reported to poison centers
Authors: Leonard James B. , Seung Hyunuk , Klein‐Schwartz Wendy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeIdentify if publication of the 2010 drug safety communication (DSC) regarding benzonatate was associated with a decrease in the incidence of severe benzonatate poisonings reported to United States poison centers.MethodsThis retrospective database study utilized the National Poison Data System to compare the incidence of severe benzonatate poisonings before and after the publication of a drug safety communication. We utilized interrupted time series analysis to compare 2000‐2010 (pre‐DSC) to 2012‐2019 (post‐DSC).ResultsThere were 18 619 benzonatate exposures reported to US poison centers during the time period covered and 11 554 exposures were included. There was an increase in exposures throughout the time period. There was no difference in the incidence of severe outcomes in the two time periods. In the pre‐DSC era, rates of severe outcomes increased by 0.4% per year followed by an immediate non‐significant drop of 2.9% in incidence of severe outcomes (P = .15). Finally, the slope of severe outcomes in the post‐DSC era showed an increase of 0.3% per year, which was not significantly different from the pre‐DSC era (P = .78).ConclusionPublication of a Drug Safety Communication regarding the risks of benzonatate did not result in a decrease in the proportion of severe benzonatate poisoning reported to US poison centers. Deaths and other severe outcomes continued to occur at a similar rate after the publication.
Methods for external control groups for single arm trials or long‐term uncontrolled extensions to randomized clinical trials
Authors: Seeger John D. , Davis Kourtney J. , Iannacone Michelle R. , Zhou Wei , Dreyer Nancy , Winterstein Almut G. , Santanello Nancy , Gertz Barry , Berlin Jesse A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeClinical trials compare outcomes among patients receiving study treatment with comparators drawn from the same source. These internal controls are missing in single arm trials and from long‐term extensions (LTE) of trials including only the treatment arm. An external control group derived from a different setting is then required to assess safety or effectiveness.MethodsWe present examples of external control groups that demonstrate some of the issues that arise and make recommendations to address them through careful assessment of the data source fitness for use, design, and analysis steps.ResultsInclusion and exclusion criteria and context that produce a trial population may result in trial patients with different clinical characteristics than are present in an external comparison group. If these differences affect the risk of outcomes, then a comparison of outcome occurrence will be confounded. Further, patients who continue into LTE may differ from those initially entering the trial due to treatment effects. Application of appropriate methods is needed to make valid inferences when such treatment or selection effects are present.Outcome measures in a trial may be ascertained and defined differently from what can be obtained in an external comparison group. Differences in sensitivity and specificity for identification or measurement of study outcomes leads to information bias that can also invalidate inferences.ConclusionThis review concentrates on threats to the valid use of external control groups both in the scenarios of single arm trials and LTE of randomized controlled trials, along with methodological approaches to mitigate them.
In‐chain functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone): A valuable precursor towards the synthesis of 3‐miktoarm star containing hyperbranched polyethylene
Authors: Al‐Sulami Ahlam , Ladelta Viko , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWell‐defined 3‐miktoarm star copolymer 3μ‐HBPE(PCL)2 (HBPE: hyperbranched polyethylene, PCL: poly[ε‐caprolactone]) was synthesized by combining chain walking polymerization (CWP), ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and “click” chemistry. The synthetic methodology includes the following steps: (a) synthesis of in‐chain ethynyl‐functionalized PCL, (PCL)2‐C ≡ CH by ROP of ε‐caprolactone (CL) with ethylene‐functionalized solketal (3‐[prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy] propane‐1,2‐diol) as difunctional initiator and phosphazene superbase t‐BuP2 as catalyst; (b) synthesis of azido‐functionalized hyperbranched PE (HBPE‐N3) by CWP of ethylene with α‐diimine‐Pd(II) catalyst, followed by quenching with excess 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride and transformation of chloro to azide group with sodium azide; and (c) “clicking” HBPE‐N3 and (PCL)2‐C ≡ CH using copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the molecular characteristics and thermal properties of the polymers. Self‐assembly behavior of 3μ‐HBPE (PCL)2 in petroleum ether, a selective solvent for HBPE, was investigated by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The in‐chain alkyne‐functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone) is a valuable precursor for PCL‐based complex macromolecular architectures.
An effective evidence theory‐based reliability analysis algorithm for structures with epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Xue Hai , Gao Hangshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to develop an effective method to evaluate the reliability of structures with epistemic uncertainty so as to improve the applicability of evidence theory in practical engineering problems. The main contribution of this article is to establish an approximate semianalytic algorithm, which replaces the process of solving the extreme value of performance function and greatly improve the efficiency of solving the belief measure and the plausibility measure. First, the performance function is decomposed as a combination of a series of univariate functions. Second, each univariate function is approximated as a unary quadratic function by the second‐order Taylor expansion. Finally, based on the property of the unary quadratic function, the maximum and minimum values of each univariate function are solved, and then the maximum and minimum values of performance function are obtained according to the monotonic relationship between each univariate function and their combination. As long as the first‐ and second‐order partial derivatives of the performance function with respect to each input variable are obtained, the belief measure and plausibility measure of the structure can be estimated effectively without any additional computational cost. Two numerical examples and one engineering application are investigated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
State‐selective cross sections from ring polymer molecular dynamics
Authors: Marjollet Adrien , Welsch Ralph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of different forms of energy (eg, translational, vibrational, rotational) on chemical reactions is a key goal and great challenge in physical chemistry. Very recently, we proposed a new approach to obtain state‐selective cross sections that approximately include quantum effects such as zero‐point energy and tunneling. The method is a combination of the widely used quasiclassical trajectory approach (QCT) and the ring polymer molecular dynamics method and thus is numerically very efficient and easily employed. Here, we present a detailed description of the method and exhaustive tests of its accuracy and applicability. The robustness of the approach is tested, as well as the convergence with the number of beads. The approach is then applied to several prototypical X + H2(ν = 0, 1), X = Mu, H, D, F, Cl reactions over a wide range of collision energies. Good agreement with rigorous quantum dynamics simulations is found for most cases. Encouraging improvement over QCT results is found for particular cases, while only a small increase in numerical cost is required.
Dual‐Target‐Directed Ligand Displaying Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Neurite Promoting Activities as a Potential Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Farouk Fathima Manaal , Ooi Luyi , Law Christine Shing Wei , Yeong Keng Yoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel small molecules were synthesized in the quest to search for multi‐target directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. From the preliminary synthesis, ethyl 4‐((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)‐3‐nitrobenzoate (2 h) showed good butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity. Modifications carried out on compound 2 h by removing the nitro group resulted in the identification of ethyl 4‐((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)benzoate (3 h) as a selective and potent BChE inhibitor (IC50=0.735 μM; BChE selectivity>100‐fold over acetylcholinesterase (AChE)). Furthermore, compound 3 h was shown to be able to promote neurite outgrowth in SH‐SY5Y cells. No significant cytotoxicity was exhibited by compound 3 h, up till the highest concentration tested (25 μM). The compound was also predicted to have good permeability across the lipid infused bilayer, indicating its potential to cross the blood‐brain barrier. These results warrant further investigations on compound 3 h as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
A Minireview of Recent Reported Carboxylesterase Fluorescent Probes: Design and Biological Applications
Authors: Dai Jianan , Hou Yadan , Wu Jichun , Shen Baoxing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the most important members of serine esterase hydrolase superfamily, mammalian carboxylesterases (CESs) are widely distributed in various tissues like liver, intestine, lung and kidney. Many physiological processes require the hydrolysis of CES with a variety of endogenous and exogenous ester drugs and environmental poisons. So, developing the methods that can detect CESs activity is of great significance. In last decades, huge breakthrough has been made in the development of specific detection technologies including chromatography, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), proteomics and western blotting. However, these traditional methods for CESs detection have little effect on the spatiotemporal distribution and in situ activity of CES in living cells and in vivo. Compared with that, fluorogenic methods have been developed for real‐time monitoring CESs in biological environments. In this review, we summarized the recent reported CESs probes. The designing strategies as well as their applications are reviewed. We hope this review will inspire the development of novel specific CESs fluorescent probes.
β‐meso‐Annulated meso‐Tetraarylchlorins: A Study of the Effect of Ring Fusion on Chlorin Conformation and Optical Spectra
Authors: Banerjee Subhadeep , Phadte Apeksha Ashok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChlorins are a class of reduced porphyrins with a very intense longest wavelength Q band (Qy) in the red region, due to their non‐planar conformations. This fact is useful in fields like photodynamic therapy and organic photovoltaics, which rely upon the long wavelength absorptivity of the photosensitizing dyes. Here, we have reviewed the synthesis and optical properties of many novel β‐meso‐annulated chlorins, which possess bathochromic shifts in their optical spectra, compared to their non‐fused analogues. In general, we find that these red‐shifts are promoted by planarization of the macrocycle caused by β‐meso‐ring fusion. However, in select examples of ring‐fused chlorins bearing an additional non‐pyrrolic subunit, in fact we see strong deviation from planar conformation contrary to the general trend. These molecules show Qy bands in the NIR region, but with reduced absorptivity.
Understanding Metallic Nanoparticles Stabilization in Water by Imidazolium Salts: A Complete Physicochemical Study
Authors: Monti Gustavo A. , Correa N. Mariano , Falcone R. Darío , Silbestri Gustavo F. , Moyano Fernando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the total characterization (by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta potential, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) of silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NP) together with an exhaustive physicochemical study about the role of sulfonated imidazolium salts in their stabilization. Our results show how the orientation of the sulfonated imidazolium salts and the interaction of the hydrocarbon chain with the Ag‐NP surface are responsible for the strength of the ligand‐Ag‐NP interaction as well as for its water solubility. Important is to highlight that the Ag‐NPs obtained are stable, in water, for more than a month. Furthermore, we present a comparative study with gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) stabilized by the same salts. Here, the structure of the salts and the interaction of the metallic NPs with them show significant changes.
Cis‐Dioxo‐molybdenum(VI) Complexes with Diaminoguanidinium and Triaminoguanidinium Schiff Bases and Their Catalytic Application for Epoxidation of Cyclohexene
Authors: Jia Ai Q. , Zhou Wen Y. , Wu Si M. , Shi Hua T. , Zhang Qian F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiaminoguanidinium and triaminoguanidinium Schiff bases of 1,3‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxyphenylmethylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride (H5saldagtBu2 ⋅ HCl) and tris(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐triaminoguanidinium chloride (H5saltagtBu2 ⋅ HCl) are synthesized. Treatment of H5saldagtBu2 ⋅ HCl with Na2MoO4 ⋅ 2H2O or (NH4)6Mo7O24 ⋅ 4H2O under different molar ratios afforded mono‐ and di‐nuclear molybdenum(VI) complexes of [(MoO2)(MeOH)(H3saldagtBu2)] (1), [(MoO2)2(MeOH)2(HsaldagtBu2)] ⋅ 2DMF (2 ⋅ 2DMF), and [(MoO2)2(HsaldagtBu2)] ⋅ ‐[(MoO2)2(H2O)2(HsaldagtBu2)] (3). Interactions of H5saltagtBu2 ⋅ HCl with Na2MoO4 ⋅ 2H2O or (NH4)6Mo7O24 ⋅ 4H2O under different reaction conditions resulted mono‐, di‐, and tetra‐nuclear molybdenum(VI) complexes of [(MoO2)(MeOH)(H3saltagtBu2)] (4), [(MoO2)(H2O)(H3saltagtBu2)] (5), [(MoO2)2(H2O)(DMF)(HsaltagtBu2)] ⋅ 3DMF (6) (Ref [31]), and [(MoO2)4(DMF)2(HsaltagtBu2)2] ⋅ 2H2O (7 ⋅ 2H2O). Complexes 1–7 were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and UV/vis spectroscopies. Molecular structures of H5saltagtBu2 ⋅ MeOH, 1, 2 ⋅ 2DMF, 3–5 and 7 ⋅ 2H2O are confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction ananlysis, which shows that the diaminoguanidinium and triaminoguanidinium Schiff bases are coordinated to the cis‐{MoO2}2+ moieties via ONN atoms to form five‐ and six‐membered rings, sharing one Mo−N bond. The catalytic properties of these cis‐dioxo‐molybdenum(VI) complexes for epoxidation of cyclohexene were also investigated.