bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the red: substances and materials in the Australian Western Desert
Authors: Young Diana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the diversity, distribution, and qualities of materials and substances categorized as red among Pitjantjatjara‐ and Yankunytjatjara‐speaking Western Desert Aboriginal people: Anangu. Valued red materials and substances include elements of the encultured landscape – country – such as ochre, timber, food, blood, and fire, alongside cloth and other industrially produced materials. Previous scholarship defines reds among central Australian Aboriginal cultures only in static symbolic terms as representing blood. Based on long‐term fieldwork, this article discusses how Anangu employ a system of analogy across domains which connects together red materials and substances with particular affordances. I argue that Anangu conceptualize these red materials and substances as making visiblekurunpa/spirit. This has implications for concepts of health and for constructing the local cultural value of consumer goods and substances found in country. Reds connect the mental and the material. The article contributes to studies of how contemporary Anangu mediate relationships between kin and country and participate in a wider market economy. It addresses anthropological knowledge about, and the importance of, the materiality of colours and the role of coloured materials and substances in shaping local ontologies and epistemologies.
Projectile Wound to Head from Modified Electronic Cigarette Explosion
Authors: Beining Tyler , Thogmartin Jon R. , Kurz Wayne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the dangers of a rapidly growing technology industry is the risk involved in being intimately close to lithium‐ion batteries. When exposed to improper conditions, lithium‐ion batteries in a variety of devices have been reported to ignite and, in some cases, explode. With the rise of electronic cigarette use and modifications, the lithium‐ion batteries in these devices are subject to a higher risk of malfunction. This is a retrograde analysis of a 38‐year‐old man who experienced fatal penetrating head trauma while using a modified electronic cigarette device. The findings suggest that the trauma from the explosion was caused by the thermal runaway of the lithium‐ion battery in the modified e‐cigarette.
The Identification of a Steel Mold’s Marks on Fake Drug Bottles
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zang Taiqi , Zhou Hao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlastic bottles are commonly encountered in drug cases where they are used as packaging materials and produced with polymers. However, to the best of our knowledge, systematic studies on the evidential values of medicine bottles have not been carried out. Therefore, it is difficult practically to determine if it is possible to identify whether the plastic bottles are manufactured with the same steel mold by comparing the manufacturing marks on plastic bottles. This paper reports the successful attempt of the authors in establishing a definite relationship between three different medicine bottles with a steel mold recovered from suspects. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to characterize the chemical composition of submitted medicine bottles, and then some physical characteristics (viz., total length, length, and diameter of different parts) and the manufactured marks on these bottles were examined. The results showed that the linkage of the medicine bottles to a steel mold was successfully established using the similarities in physical characteristics and manufacturing marks. In the process, the FT‐IR was only complementary in the identification process. The individual characteristics of plastic medicine bottles included the imperfections and striated impressions that were produced by the grinding patterns on the inner surface of a steel mold.
Overlooking Feigning Behavior May Result in Potential Harmful Treatment Interventions: Two Case Reports of Undetected Malingering
Authors: van der Heide Douwe , Boskovic Irena , van Harten Peter , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClinicians tend to overestimate their ability to recognize feigning behavior in psychiatric patients, especially if it concerns patients who have been admitted for observation. Feigning can be either externally motivated (e.g., for financial compensation, known as malingering) or internally motivated (e.g., to assume the “sick role,” known as factitious disorder). Persistent presentation of severe symptoms is usually associated with the factitious disorder. We present two patients with strong external incentives who consistently and convincingly feigned severe psychiatric symptoms during a protracted period of inpatient observation in a specialized center; both were engaged in a procedure for medical asylum. The first case presented with the clinical picture of a psychotic depression with severe motor symptoms, and the second case showed symptoms of a chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic symptoms. Both cases were thoroughly investigated but feigning was overlooked, and unnecessary and harmful treatment interventions were given. To prevent iatrogenic damage, we recommend a critical attitude that takes malingering as an option into account in settings where patients are often involved in high stake legal procedures. A clinical sign that might indicate feigning is therapy‐resistant symptoms. To rule out feigning a comprehensive, multimethod approach is required, but an active stance toward collateral information is essential. Specialized psychological tests may be useful for preliminary screening, but for their use in culturally diverse populations as in refugee mental health more research is needed.
Shifts in microbial community, pathogenicity‐related genes and antibiotic resistance genes during dairy manure piled up
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Chenjie , Zhang Wen , Li Wu , Yu Jialin , Xue Di , Wu Xiaoling , Deng Guangcun 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe uncomposted faeces of dairy cow are usually stacked on cow breeding farms, dried under natural conditions and then used as cow bedding material or they may be continuously piled up. However, no information is available to evaluate variations in the human and animal pathogen genes and antibiotic resistance during the accumulation of fresh faeces of dairy cow to manure. Here, we present the metagenomic analysis of fresh faeces and manure from a dairy farm in Ning Xia, showing a unique enrichment of human and animal pathogen genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure. We found that manure accumulation could significantly increase the diversity and abundance of the pathogenic constituents. Furthermore, pathogens from manure could spread to the plant environment and enphytotic pathogens could affect the yield and quality of crops during the use of manure as a fertilizer. Levels of virulence genes and ARGs increased with the enrichment of microbes and pathogens when faeces accumulated to manure. Accumulated manure was also the transfer station of ARGs to enrich the ARGs in the environment, indicating the ubiquitous presence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that manure accumulation and usage without effective manure management is an unreasonable approach that could enrich pathogenic microorganisms and ARGs in the environment. The manure metagenome structure allows us to appreciate the overall influence and interaction of animal waste on water, soil and other areas impacted by faecal accumulation and the factors that influence pathogen occurrence in products from dairy cows.
Autotrophic carbon fixation pathways along the redox gradient in oxygen‐depleted oceanic waters
Authors: Ruiz‐Fernández Paula , Ramírez‐Flandes Salvador , Rodríguez‐León Edwin , Ulloa Osvaldo 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAnoxic marine zones (AMZs), also known as ‘oxygen‐deficient zones’, contribute to the loss of fixed nitrogen from the ocean by anaerobic microbial processes. While these microbial processes associated with the nitrogen cycle have been extensively studied, those linked to the carbon cycle in AMZs have received much less attention, particularly the autotrophic carbon fixation — a crucial component of the carbon cycle. Using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from major AMZs, we report an explicit partitioning of the marker genes associated with different autotrophic carbon fixation pathways along the redox gradient (from oxic to anoxic conditions) present in the water column of AMZs. Sequences related to the Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham cycle were found along the entire gradient, while those related to the reductive Acetyl‐CoA pathway were restricted to suboxic and anoxic waters. Sequences putatively associated with the 3‐hydroxypropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate cycle dominated in the upper and lower oxyclines. Genes related to the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle were represented from dysoxic to anoxic waters. The taxonomic affiliation of the sequences is consistent with the presence of microorganisms involved in crucial steps of biogeochemical cycles in AMZs, such as the gamma‐proteobacteria sulfur oxidisers, the anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua and the thaumarcheota ammonia oxidisers of the Marine Group I.
Application of Different Commercial Tourniquets by Laypersons: Would Public‐access Tourniquets Work Without Training?
Authors: Portela Roberto C. , Taylor Stephen E. , Sherrill Cameron S. , Dowlen Whitman S. , March Juan , Kitch Bryan , Brewer Kori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe White House “Stop the Bleed” campaign has renewed interest in public‐access bleeding kits and the use of tourniquets by the lay public. The objective of this study was to determine which type of tourniquet could be applied most effectively by the lay public using only manufacturer instructions included with each tourniquet.MethodsThis prospective study randomized participants to one of four different tourniquets (SOFTT‐W, CAT, RMT, SWAT‐T). Participants were all over 18 years of age. Individuals with prior military, EMS, or patient‐care medical experience were excluded. Using only the manufacturer's packaging instructions, participants were asked to apply a tourniquet on a simulated bleeding arm. A trained observer noted if tourniquet application by the participant was effective, partially effective, or ineffective based on reduction or cessation of simulated blood flow. Participant's application of the tourniquet was also timed (in seconds) by the observer. The primary outcome of our study was the effectiveness of application for each of the four tourniquets. Secondary outcome was time to effective application.ResultsA total of 176 participants were enrolled. For untrained laypersons the RMT had the highest effective application rate of 64.4% and was also the most rapidly applied at 100.9 ± 8.8 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.1 to 118.6). The SWAT‐T had the highest ineffective application rate (55.5%) than any other tourniquet type (p = 0.002). There was no effect of age or education on time to application for any tourniquet type. Effective applications were performed significantly faster than partially effective or ineffective applications (93.4 ± 5.8 [95% CI = 81.7 to 104.9] vs. 136.7 ± 8.7 [95% CI = 118.8 to 154.7] vs. 151.9 ± 8.3 [95% CI = 135.2 to 168.6]; p ≤ 0.001). There was no difference in time between partial and ineffective applications (p = 0.261).ConclusionsOur study suggests that laypersons could benefit from prior training to effectively apply tourniquets in emergency situations. Of the tourniquets studied, the RMT was the most effectively and most rapidly applied.
Incidence of Postoperative Opioid Overdose and New Diagnosis of Opioid Use Disorder Among US Veterans
Authors: Siglin Jonathan , Sorkin John D. , Namiranian Khodadad 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesPerioperative exposure to opioids is associated with adverse outcomes. We aim to determine the associations between surgery and subsequent opioid overdose, an acute event, and a new diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic relapsing disease, in parallel.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of US veterans used surgery as exposure and the two outcomes were (1) occurrence of overdose and (2) new diagnosis of OUD in the first postoperative year. Surgical group was matched to the reference controls based on the propensity score of having surgery, and matched logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR).ResultsA total of 261 208 surgical patients were matched to 479 531 controls. Overdose occurred in 1893 (0.7%) of the surgical patients and in 518 (0.1%) of the matched controls in the first postoperative year (OR, 6.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.80‐7.75; P < .001). Among patients with no history of OUD, surgery was also associated with a new diagnosis of OUD in the first postoperative year (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.24; P = .015).Discussion and ConclusionsThe postoperative period is strongly associated with opioid overdose, but only weakly associated with new diagnosis of OUD. This is likely due to the difficulty of diagnosing OUD in the postoperative period.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study that has examined opioid overdose and new‐onset OUD in the postoperative period in parallel. Our analysis suggests different risk factors for each, as well as different strengths of association with surgery. More sensitive diagnostic criteria for postoperative OUD are needed to promptly diagnose and treat this condition. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Facial aesthetic injections in clinical practice: Pretreatment and posttreatment consensus recommendations to minimise adverse outcomes
Authors: Goodman Greg J. , Liew Steven , Callan Peter , Hart Sarah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFacial aesthetic treatment with injectable neuromodulators and hyaluronic acid fillers is well established, with favourable safety profiles and consistent outcomes. As with any medical treatment, adverse events and complications may occur. Adverse events associated with these products are typically transient and mild to moderate in severity. Serious adverse events, such as infection and intravascular occlusion, are rare. Proper patient selection, consent and counselling, preparation and impeccable injection technique are important risk reduction strategies. Both clinicians and patients must be alert to the signs and symptoms of complications so that appropriate treatment can be started promptly. In this article, the authors review the current literature and provide their consensus recommendations for minimising adverse outcomes when treating patients with botulinum toxin or hyaluronic acid fillers.
When Do Foreign Institutional Blockholders Passively Promote Firm Innovation in a Local Market? Evidence from Korea
Authors: Joe Denis Yongmin , Chung Chune Young , Morscheck Justin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing extensive hand‐collected data on granted patents, we examine the effect of institutional blockholder monitoring on corporate innovation in Korea. Specifically, we focus on the relation between institutional blockholding and firm innovation. We find that institutional blockholders positively influence firm innovation and that this positive effect is driven primarily by foreign institutional blockholders, particularly when they engage in passive monitoring. The Korean market features limited participation by shareholders and pressure‐sensitive domestic institutions. Thus, we demonstrate the importance of corporate governance for firm innovation in emerging markets, where corporate innovation is increasingly important for long‐term economic growth, competitiveness, and value creation.
The incidence of birth injuries decreased in Finland between 1997 and 2017: A nationwide register study
Authors: Kekki Maiju , Salonen Anne , Tihtonen Kati , Mattila Ville M. , Gissler Mika , Huttunen Tuomas T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimBirth injuries are rare complications that can have a significant impact on neonates and their families. This population‐based study describes the rates and trends of all birth injuries in Finland over a 21‐year period.MethodsThe study is based on a national Medical Birth Register that includes all live‐born neonates of more than 22 gestational weeks or 500 g who were born in Finland between 1997 and 2017. The ICD‐10 codes of the birth injuries were obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Care Register for Health Care. The incidence of birth injury, changes over time and incidence at different gestational ages were determined.ResultsA total of 28 551 birth injuries were diagnosed, and the total incidence decreased from 34.0 to 16.6 per 1000 live births. The incidence of clavicle fracture, cephalohaematoma, and Erb paralysis decreased while the incidence of chignon and epicranial subaponeurotic haemorrhage increased.ConclusionThe incidence of birth injury halved during the 20‐year study period. This was mainly due to a decrease in the number of clavicle fractures. The incidence of birth injury increased with gestational age, and most injuries occurred after 37 weeks of gestation.
The contribution of HERV‐E clone 4‐1 and other HERV‐E members to the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Talotta Rossella , Atzeni Fabiola , Laska Magdalena Janina 
Published: March 2020

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)‐E consist of a family of more than 1300 elements, stably integrated in the human genome. Some of them are full‐length proviruses able to synthesize the viral proteins gag, pol and env. The reactivation of HERV‐E elements has been associated to placentation, cancer and autoimmunity. In this narrative review, we aimed to report the status of the art concerning the involvement of HERV‐E in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Following a research on PubMed database, a total of 87 articles were selected. The highest amount of evidence derives from studies on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas a few to no data are available on other immune‐mediated diseases. In SLE, the hyper‐expression of HERV‐E clone 4‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or differentiated lymphocytes has been associated with disease activity and autoantibody production. It is likely that HERV‐E take part to the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases but additional research is needed.
Exogenous interleukin-2 can rescue in-vitro T cell activation and proliferation in patients with a novel capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2 mutation
Authors: Shamriz O , Simon A J , Lev A , Megged O , Ledder O , Picard E , Joseph L , Molho-Pessach V , Tal Y , Millman P , Slae M , Somech R , Toker O , Berger M 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2 (CARMIL2) deficiency is characterized by impaired T cell activation, which is attributed to defective CD28-mediated co-signaling. Herein, we aimed to analyze the effect of exogenous interleukin (IL)-2 on in-vitro T cell activation and proliferation in a family with CARMIL2 deficiency. This study included four children (one male and three females; aged 2·5–10 years at presentation). The patients presented with inflammatory bowel disease and recurrent viral infections. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous 25-base pairs deletion in CARMIL2. Immunoblotting demonstrated the absence of CARMIL2 protein in all four patients and confirmed the diagnosis of CARMIL2 deficiency. T cells were activated in-vitro with the addition of IL-2 in different concentrations. CD25 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were measured after 48 h and 5 days of activation. CD25 surface expression on activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells was significantly diminished in all patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CD8+ T cells from all patients demonstrated significantly reduced IFN-γ production. When cells derived from CARMIL2-deficient patients were treated with IL-2, CD25 and IFN-γ production increased in a dose-dependent manner. T cell proliferation, as measured by Cell Trace Violet, was impaired in one patient and it was also rescued with IL-2. In conclusion, we found that IL-2 rescued T cell activation and proliferation in CARMIL2-deficient patients. Thus, IL-2 should be further studied as a potential therapeutic modality for these patients.
The synergetic effect of bioactive molecule–loaded electrospun core‐shell fibres for reconstruction of critical‐sized calvarial bone defect—The effect of synergetic release on bone Formation
Authors: Wu Zhenzhen , Bao Chongyun , Zhou Shaobing , Yang Tao , Wang Liao , Li Mingzheng , Li Long , Luo En , Yu Yingjie , Wang Yushu , Guo Xiaodong , Liu Xian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesBone regeneration is a complex process modulated by multiple growth factors and hormones during long regeneration period; thus, designing biomaterials with the capacity to deliver multiple bioactive molecules and obtain sustained release has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on bone regeneration.Materials and methodsThe core‐shell electrospun fibres were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technology, which were composed of poly‐D, L‐lactide (PLA) shell and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core embedded with BMP‐2 and DEX‐loaded micelles. Morphology, hydrophilicity, gradation, release profile of BMP‐2 and DEX, and cytological behaviour on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were characterized. Furthermore, the effect on bone regeneration was evaluated via critical‐sized calvarial defect model.ResultsThe electrospun fibres were featured by the core‐shell fibrous architecture and a suitable degradation rate. The sustained release of DEX and BMP‐2 was up to 562 hours. The osteogenic gene expression and calcium deposition of BMSCs were significantly enhanced, indicating the osteoinduction capacity of electrospun fibres. This core‐shell fibre could accelerate repair of calvarial defects in vivo via synergistic effect.ConclusionsThis core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with DEX and BMP‐2 can act synergistically to enhance bone regeneration, which stands as a strong potential candidate for repairing bone defects.
What is the emergency application differences concerning diseases pertinent to the chest between Turkish citizens and Syrian refugees: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sengoren Dikis Ozlem , Demirci Hakan , Sezgin Bişar , Haberal Miktat Arif , Akar Erkan , Kaya Halil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimMillions of Syrians were displaced after the Syrian civil war broke in 2011. Turkey hosts the largest number of refugees. This study aimed to describe the disease patterns of Syrian refugees applying to an emergency department.Material and methodsThe study included patients who presented to an emergency department between 2017 and 2018. Study data were retrieved from the hospital’s electronic medical records registry. The main study outcome was the ICD‐10 codes pertinent to “chest diseases.” Additionally, analyzed data were nationality, age, sex, triage status on admission, hospitalization status, and examination date. ResultsThe number of emergency department admissions included in the study period was 378 487 persons, of which 14 262 (3.8%) were Syrian refugees. A total of 62 345 diagnoses (16.5%) were related to the respiratory system. Turkish patients had a significantly higher median age than Syrian refugees. Also, there were significantly more women among Syrian applicants, and acute bronchitis and asthma were more common among Syrian patients. However, the hospitalization rates were similar between the two groups. Moreover, Syrian patients had more applications during the summer seasons and had higher “Yellow” labels in the emergency triage.ConclusionThere are differences in the disease patterns of Syrian refugees and Turkish citizens applying to the emergency department. This may be explained by the difficulty in communication which, to our opinion, may be reversed as language barriers are overcome and adaptation to the society is completed over time.