bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Fearful Silence of Three Women (Mark 16:8)’
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article aims at reinstating an older interpretation (offered e.g. by R. H. Lightfoot) of the astonishment, fear, and silent flight with which three women responded to the message they heard from the angel in Jesus's open and empty tomb. It was an appropriate reaction to the astonishing revelation of the resurrection. The article argues that this reaction is not to be reckoned as an unexpected failure on the part of the women. Throughout Mark's Gospel they proved exemplary in their following of Jesus, right through to being present at his crucifixion. Mary Magdalene and her two companions remained temporarily silent until they could deliver the angel's message to the appropriate audience, the male disciples.
Clinical Outcome of Remnant‐Preserving and I.D.E.A.L. Femoral Tunnel Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Su Chao , Kuang Shi‐da , Liu Wei‐jie , Li Yu‐sheng , Xiong Yi‐lin , Zhao Xin , Gao Shu‐guang 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical results of the remnant‐preserving and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel technique in the arthroscopic treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center, single‐surgeon study reviewing data from November 2016 to March 2019. Based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 31 patients (18 males, 13 females; mean age, 23.6 years) who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the remnant preservation and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel technique were recruited and had a minimum follow‐up of 12 months. Clinical data and status of knee stability were recorded. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale were collected both preoperatively and at a minimum of 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsStatistically significant differences were detected between the preoperative and postoperative values for Lachman test and pivot‐shift test (P < 0.01). The mean postoperative Lysholm score was 89.6 ± 9.4, whereas the mean preoperative Lysholm score was 47.3 ± 12.8 (P < 0.01). The mean Tegner activity score was significantly higher at postoperative evaluation than at preoperative evaluation (6.5 ± 2.1 vs 2.6 ± 1.8; P < 0.01). The mean IKDC score was significantly improved from 49.5 ± 10.6 preoperatively to 88.2 ± 10.7 postoperatively (P < 0.01). No case of infection was reported. No radiograph showed any joint space narrowing or degenerative change at the last postsurgical follow‐up.ConclusionThe anatomical remnant‐preserving and I.D.E.A.L. femoral tunnel technique achieves a satisfactory clinical outcome and provides an effective option for the treatment of ACL injuries.
Recognizing pulses of extinction from clusters of last occurrences
Authors: Zimmt Joshua B. , Holland Steven M. , Finnegan Seth , Marshall Charles R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe distribution of last occurrences of fossil taxa in a stratigraphic column are used to infer the pattern, timing and tempo of extinction from the fossil record. Clusters of last occurrences are commonly interpreted as an abrupt pulse of extinction. However, stratigraphic architecture alone can produce clusters of last occurrences that can be misinterpreted as an extinction pulse. These clusters will typically occur in strata that immediately underlie facies changes and sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces. It has been proposed that a basin‐wide analysis of the fossil record within a sequence‐stratigraphic framework can be used to distinguish between clusters of last occurrences caused solely by extinction pulses from those generated by sequence‐stratigraphic architecture. A basin‐wide approach makes it possible to observe lateral facies shifts in response to sea‐level change, mitigating the effects of stratigraphic architecture. Using computer simulations of plausible Late Ordovician mass‐extinction scenarios tuned to an inferred Late Ordovician sea‐level curve, we show that stratigraphically‐generated clusters of last occurrences are observed even in basin‐wide analyses of the simulated fossil records due to the basin‐wide loss of preferred facies for many taxa. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that by coarsening the stratigraphic resolution to the systems‐tract level and identifying facies preferences of simulated taxa, we can filter out taxa whose last occurrences coincide with the basin‐wide loss of their preferred facies. This enables consistent identification of the underlying extinction pattern for a wide variety of extinction scenarios. Applying this approach to empirical field data can help to constrain underlying extinction patterns from the fossil record.
HUME'S GENERAL POINT OF VIEW: A TWO‐STAGE APPROACH
Authors: Ben‐Moshe Nir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI offer a novel two‐stage reconstruction of Hume's general‐point‐of‐view account, modeled in part on his qualified‐judges account in ‘Of the Standard of Taste’. In particular, I argue that the general point of view needs to be jointly constructed by spectators who have sympathized with (at least some of) the agents in (at least some of) the actor's circles of influence. The upshot of the account is twofold. First, Hume's later thought developed in such a way that it can rectify the problems inherent in his Treatise account of the general point of view. Second, the proposed account provides the grounds for an adequate and well‐motivated modest ideal observer theory of the standard of virtue.
Reinventing Cloth Masks in the Face of Pandemics
Authors: Salter Stephen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBecause asymptomatic carriers of COVID‐19 produce respiratory droplets that can remain suspended in air for several hours, social distancing may not be a reliable physical barrier to transmission. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, however, some governments were reluctant to mandate public mask use out of concern this would worsen shortages of respirators for healthcare workers. Cloth masks with a filtering effectiveness of 70–90% can be made from widely available materials, and are a better option than respirators for the public. Countries could rapidly implement Effective Fiber Mask Programs (EFMPs) to use local resources to mass produce effective and affordable cloth masks, and to engage the public in their correct use. EFMPs could be a cost‐effective measure to ease isolation while limiting new infections during pandemics. EFMPs could also protect healthcare workers by increasing the supply of respirators for their use, reducing their risk of acquiring the illness from their communities, and by reducing the number of patients they must treat.
Ribavirin and cellular ribavirin‐triphosphate concentrations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in two lung transplant patients with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Mueller Scott W. , Kiser Tyree H. , Morrisette Taylor , Zamora Martin R. , Lyu Dennis M. , Kiser Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the lung transplant population. Oral and aerosolized ribavirin may improve outcomes in lung transplant patients with RSV; however, data relating ribavirin concentrations in plasma and intracellular ribavirin triphosphate (iRTP) concentrations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells with efficacy and safety are lacking. We describe ribavirin and iRTP concentrations within various compartments in two adult lung transplant recipients with RSV who were sampled throughout successful treatment courses with oral and inhaled ribavirin. In patient 1, iRTP BAL concentrations decreased by 45% over 3 days after changing inhaled ribavirin to oral (6.32 to 3.43 pmol/106 cells). In patient 2, iRTP BAL concentrations were 103 pmol/106 cells after 5 days of oral followed by 5 days of inhaled ribavirin. Further study is needed to describe ribavirin pharmacokinetics in the respiratory compartment to inform clinical use of ribavirin for respiratory viruses.
Examination of the relationship between iron status and cognitive function among healthy young women with and without a recent history of blood donation
Authors: France Janis L. , Hod Eldad A. , Caccappolo Elise A. , Suhr Julie A. , France Christopher R. , Kessler Debra A. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith growing awareness of the prevalence of nonanemic iron deficiency among blood donors, there is a need to explore the extent of potential negative consequences. This study examined the relationship between various measures of iron status, blood donation history, and neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning in healthy young women.Study Design and MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 160 female undergraduates completed neuropsychology tests and measures of sleep, fatigue, quality of life, and depression before providing a blood sample. Correlational analyses examined the relationship between iron status (ferritin, iron, hemoglobin, and zinc protoporphyrin) and cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Performance on these measures was also examined as a function of recent blood donation history (zero, one, more than one donation in the past year).ResultsIron status (low ferritin, iron, or hemoglobin or high zinc protoporphyrin) was not associated with poorer performance on the cognitive tasks. Further, participants who reported donating once in the previous year performed better, rather than worse, than those with no recent donation history on several measures of executive function, even when controlling for ferritin levels. Although there was some evidence of greater fatigue among those who had donated more than once in the past year, this effect was not accounted for by ferritin levels.ConclusionThe present findings are consistent with prior evidence that nonanemic iron deficiency is not associated with cognitive impairment or psychosocial dysfunction in healthy young females. Because these results are based on cross‐sectional evidence, further study using longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings.
Retrospective evaluation of acute kidney injury in dogs with pit viper envenomation (2008–2017): 56 cases
Authors: Martinez Jennifer , Londoño Leonel A. , Schaer Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinicopathological characteristics of dogs that develop acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to pit viper envenomation, and to describe the association between development of AKI and clinical course and outcome.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs treated with at least 1 vial of antivenom following pit viper envenomation and that had at least 2 plasma creatinine concentrations measured during the course of hospitalization.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsSixty‐three dogs met the inclusion criteria. One was excluded due chronic kidney disease, and 6 were excluded due to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration. Of the 56 dogs included in the study, 16 developed AKI (29%). Dogs with AKI received a significantly higher dose of antivenom, 8.7 ± 6.8 total vials versus dogs in the non‐AKI group that received 4.2 ± 2.6 vials (P = 0.006). Dogs in the AKI group were significantly more tachycardic (P = 0.028), hypotensive (P = 0.002), had a higher shock index (P = 0.012), and were more likely to receive transfusions with packed red blood cells (P = 0.042) than dogs in the non‐AKI group. No significant association was identified between the development of AKI and length of hospitalization. The only factors that were significantly associated with degree of severity of AKI included the receipt of blood transfusion (P = 0.006) and number of vials of antivenom administered (P = 0.03). The development of AKI was significantly associated with outcome (P < 0.001), with 5 of 16 (31%) dogs in the AKI group surviving to discharge, 7 of 16 (44%) dying, and 4 of 16 (25%) being euthanized versus 39 of 40 (98%) surviving to discharge in the non‐AKI group and 1 of 40 (2%) dying in hospital.ConclusionDevelopment of AKI in dogs following pit viper envenomation carries an increased risk of mortality that is associated with severity of shock at presentation and increased doses of antivenom administration.
Phylogeny and species reassessment of Hyalopterus (Aphididae, Aphidinae)
Authors: Liu Tongyi , Chen Jing , Jiang Liyun , Qiao Gexia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe broadly distributed genus Hyalopterus currently comprises three formally recognized species that are highly similar morphologically and hence difficult to be identified with certainty. This group has undergone multiple revisions in the past century, but none of these has assessed species from Asia, which has hampered our understanding of the species diversity within this genus. Based on a comprehensive data set from morphological data and host‐associated data, and by coalescent‐based delimitation approaches, the Hyalopterus species boundaries, distribution and diversity were clarified here to further reveal the composition of the species. Two single‐locus (ML‐GMYC and mPTP) and two multilocus (BPP and STACEY) delimitation methods were conducted based on extensive sampling. Then, the phylogenetic relationships and morphological divergence were assessed. Our data strongly supported that the number of recognized species in Hyalopterus had likely been underestimated. The phylogenetic analyses recovered four major clades, which corresponded to distinct host‐plant preferences. Also, the morphological analyses showed significant differentiation for only one of the newly recognized candidate species uncovered by the delimitation approaches, suggesting the existence of at least two independent evolutionary lineages within Hyalopterus arundiniformis, which showed different patterns of host association. Moreover, based on our data, the taxonomic misidentification of H. arundiniformis in China was corrected here. This study lays the groundwork for the thorough taxonomic revision of Hyalopterus and for future evolutionary studies and underlines the importance of an integrated framework for species determination.
Numerical Investigation on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Using Design of Experiment Analysis
Authors: Diurno Tommaso , Fondelli Tommaso , Nettis Leonardo , Maceli Nicola , Arcangeli Lorenzo , Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the rising interest in using renewable energy for thermal power generation has led to radical changes in steam turbine design practice and operability. Modern steam turbines are required to operate with greater flexibility due to rapid load changes, fast start-up, and frequent shutdowns. This has given rise to great challenges to the exhaust hood system design, which has a great influence on the overall turbine performance converting the kinetic energy leaving the last stage of low-pressure turbine into static pressure. The radial hoods are characterized by a complex aerodynamic behavior since the flow turns by 90 deg in a very short distance and this generates a highly rotational flow structure within the diffuser and exhaust hood outer casing, moreover, the adverse pressure gradient can promote the flow separation drastically reducing the hood recovery performance. For these reasons, it is fundamental to design the exhaust system in order to ensure a good pressure recovery under all the machine operating conditions. This paper presents a design of experiment (DOE) analysis on a low-pressure steam turbine exhaust hood through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A parametric model of an axial-radial exhaust hood was developed, and a sensitivity of exhaust hood performance as a function of key geometrical parameters was carried out, with the aim of optimizing the pressure recovery coefficient and minimizing the overall dimensions of the exhaust casing. Since hood performance strongly depends on a proper coupling with the turbine rear stage, such a stage was modeled using the so-called mixing-plane approach to couple both stator–rotor and rotor-diffuser interfaces. A detailed analysis of the flow field in the exhaust hood in the different configurations was performed, detecting the swirling structures responsible for the energy dissipation in each simulation, as well as correlating the flow field with the pressure recovery coefficient.
A Method to Use Kriging With Large Sets of Control Points to Morph Finite Element Models of the Human Body
Authors: Janák Tomáš , Lafon Yoann , Petit Philippe , Beillas Philippe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As developing finite element (FE) human body models for automotive impact is a time-consuming process, morphing using interpolation methods such as kriging has often been used to rapidly generate models of different shapes and sizes. Kriging can be computationally expensive when many control points (CPs) are used, i.e., for very detailed target geometry (e.g., shape of bones and skin). It can also lead to element quality issues (up to inverted elements) preventing the use of the morphed models for finite element simulation. This paper presents a workflow combining iterative subsampling and spatial subdivision methodology that effectively reduces the computational costs and allows for the generation of usable models through kriging with hundreds of thousands of control points. As subdivision introduces discontinuities in the interpolation function that can cause distortion of elements on the boundaries of individual subdivision areas, algorithms for smoothing the interpolation over those boundaries are proposed and compared. Those techniques and their combinations were tested and evaluated in a scenario of mass change on the detailed 50th percentile male model of the global human body models consortium (GHBMC): the model, which has body mass index (BMI) 25.34, was morphed toward a statistical surface model of a person with body mass index 20, 22.7 and 35. 234 777 control points were used to successfully morph the model in less than 15 min on an office PC. Open source implementation is provided.
An Effective Thermal Conductivity Model for Architected Phase Change Material Enhancer
Authors: Hubert Romain , Bou-Matar Olivier , Foncin Jerome , Coquet Philippe , Tan Dunlin , Li Hongling , Teo Edwin , Merlet Thomas , Pernod Philippe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Phase Change Materials (PCM) have been widely used for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, PCMs suffer from their very low thermal conductivity which limits heat spreading around the heat source. Without proper thermal conductivity enhancement, melting would mainly occur at the interface between the heated surface and the PCM, and would slowly spread in the bulk of the PCM, greatly reducing its performance. Metallic foams are usually used as thermal conductivity enhancer, yet recent progress in additive manufacturing have allowed architected structures to be used and optimized. We present here an analytical investigation of the effective thermal conductivity of porous architected structures and emphasize is made on the effect of thermal constriction at the interface with a heat spreader in contact with the heat source.
Effect of Cell Design on the Thermal Performance of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System Utilizing a Nanocomposite Membrane
Authors: Elmarghany Mohamed R. , El-Shazly A. H. , Radwan Ali , Abo-Zahhad Essam M. , Nady Norhan , Sabry Mohamed N. , Shouman Mahmoud A. , Salem Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the performance of different cell designs used for the membrane distillation (MD) process was investigated. Three distinctive cell designs were proposed and compared. A numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent 19 was used to study the performance of the cells. The effects of changing inlet Reynolds number on pressure drop, salt concentration and velocity contours with in the different cell deigns were investigated. Results show that the pressure drop is minimum across the first design, and the salt concentration decreases as Reynolds number increases. At Reynolds number = 125, the results show an enhanced velocity distribution compared to Reynolds number = 250 and 50. One of the proposed cell designs was then fabricated to study the effect of fluid flow on the performance in a direct contact membrane distillation system. Energy parameters were calculated to evaluate the performance of the cell. An evacuated tube solar collector was used to provide the system with hot water. System thermal efficiency, gained output ratio, and specific energy consumption analysis were performed for the system. The increase in the feed flow rate almost doubled the system thermal efficiency and the gained output ratio was increased from 0.31 to 0.60, while the specific energy consumption decreased from 2064 to 1037 kWh/m3.
Validation of an Enhanced Dispersion Algorithm for Use With the Statistical Phonon Transport Model
Authors: Medlar Michael P. , Hensel Edward C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Computer simulations of quasi-particle based phonon transport in semiconductor materials rely upon numerical dispersion relations to identify and quantify the discrete energy and momentum states allowable subject to quantum constraints. The accuracy of such computer simulations is ultimately dependent upon the fidelity of the underlying dispersion relations. Dispersion relations have previously been computed using empirical fits of experimental data in high symmetry directions, lattice dynamics, and Density Function Theory (DFT) or Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) approaches. The current work presents high fidelity dispersion relations describing full anisotropy for all six phonon polarizations with an adjustable computational grid. The current approach builds upon the previously published Statistical Phonon Transport Model (SPTM), which employed a first nearest neighbor lattice dynamics approach for the dispersion calculation. This paper extends the lattice dynamics approach with the use of both first and second nearest neighbors interactions that are quantified using published interatomic force constants calculated from DFT. The First Brillouin Zone (FBZ) is segmented into eight octants of high symmetry, and discretized in wave vector space with a 14 by 14 by 14 grid. This results in 65,586 states of unique wave vector and frequency combinations. Dispersion calculations are performed at each of the six faces of the wave vector space volume elements in addition to the centroid, resulting in 460,992 solutions of the characteristic equations. For the given grid, on the order of 108 computations are required to compute the dispersion relations. The dispersion relations thus obtained are compared to experimental reports available for high symmetry axes. Full anisotropic results are presented for all six phonon polarizations across the range of allowable wave vector magnitude and frequency as a comprehensive model of allowable momentum and energy states. Results indicate excellent agreement to experiment in high symmetry directions for all six polarizations and illustrate an improvement as compared to the previous SPTM implementation. Dispersion relations based on the lattice dynamic model with first and second nearest neighbor atomic interactions relying upon DFT calculated inter-atomic force constants provides an accurate high fidelity energy and momentum model for use in phonon transport simulations.