bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture for the prevention of mental disorders in interstitial cystitis patients
Authors: Hung Hao-Hsiu , Chen Wen-Chi , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Chiu Lu-Ting , Chen Huey-Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used for urinary symptoms in Eastern countries. Since there are few effective treatments available for patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), the psychological burden leads to increased healthcare-seeking behavior. Some patients may therefore seek TCM treatment for related urinary symptoms. Due to limited clinical research evaluating the effects of TCM on IC/BPS, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the relationship between TCM and mental disorders among these patients. The IC/BPS cohort and its matched non-IC/BPS comparison cohort were recruited from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database between 2000 and 2011. Patients with the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) granules or acupuncture over 90 days per year were enrolled as the TCM users. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of mental disorders related to interstitial cystitis. The incidence of mental disorders in the 2 cohorts was assessed with Kaplan–Meier curves. A total of 1123 patients with IC/BPS and 4492 matched non-IC/BPS subjects were included in this study. The IC/BPS cohort demonstrated higher incidence rate of mental disorders than the cohort without IC/BPS (adjusted HR: 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73–2.81). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of mental disorders between IC/BPS patients with and without CHM granules or acupuncture treatment (adjusted HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.58–1.68). Our results indicated that CHM and acupuncture showed insignificant efficacy in the prevention of mental disorders in IC/BPS patients.
Body Composition of Infants With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Grutters L. Agnes , Pennings Jan Pieter , Bruggink Janneke L.M. , Viddeleer Alain R. , Verkade Henkjan J. , de Kleine Ruben H.J. , de Haas Robbert J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Biliary atresia (BA) causes neonatal cholestasis that requires hepatoportoenterostomy or liver transplantation (LT) for long‐term survival. Nutritional optimization is necessary as sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have been associated with adverse clinical outcome. Currently, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) is considered the most accurate indicator. The aim of the study was to determine computed tomography (CT)‐based body metrics in infants with BA and to evaluate its correlation with MUAC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed all BA infants below 2 years of age who underwent CT as part of LT screening at our hospital between 2006 and 2019. Measured variables were indexed with length and included: MUAC, total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA), cross‐sectional skeletal muscle area (CSMA), and total abdominal fat area. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Pearson coefficients were calculated. CSMA‐to‐abdominal fat area ratio was divided in quartiles, the lowest quartile group was considered sarcopenic obese.Results:Eighty infants with a median age of 4.6 months at LT screening were included. Intraclass correlation coefficients were: tPMSA = 0.94, CSMA = 0.92, and total abdominal fat area = 0.99. Correlation between MUAC z‐score and indices of tPMSA, CSMA, and total abdominal fat area were r = 0.02, r = 0.06, and r = 0.43, respectively. The cut‐off for sarcopenic obesity was CSMA‐to‐abdominal fat area ratio below 0.93.Conclusions:In BA infants, it is possible to determine CT‐based body metrics during LT screening with very strong interobserver agreement. Poor correlation between CT‐based body metrics and MUAC suggests that CT‐based body metrics provide additional information on body composition in BA infants, such as relative muscle mass.
“I’m Not From Another Planet”
Authors: Kerr Lucille , Fisher Christopher M. , Jones Tiffany 
Published: July 2020

Background
There is little research that addresses the needs of trans and gender diverse people with cancer. Emerging evidence shows unique concerns, particularly in relation to gendered cancers such as breast and gynecological.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the intersubjective experiences in cancer care of trans and gender-diverse people to inform a microethical approach to improving care for this community.

Methods
Qualitative interviews (n = 12) were conducted with trans and gender-diverse people who had a diagnosis of cancer. Analysis was phenomenologically inspired and used Braun and Clarke’s inductive thematic methods.

Results
The intersubjective experiences revealed that interactions were often characterized by a sense of alienation and invisibility. Six intertwined themes demonstrate the emergence of these feelings for the participants, these included Gender Stereotypes and Assumptions, Negation of Identity, Dismissed Concerns, Invisibility in the System, Alienation in Waiting Rooms and Support Groups, and Uniquely Gendered Bodies and Interactions. Conversely, 1 theme showed how participants could be made to feel connected and recognized—Affirming Experiences.

Conclusions
The unique experiences of trans and gender-diverse people in cancer care shed light on the effect of gender biases and barriers to empathic care. Findings provide professionals with insights that can enhance their clinical practice through informing the ways they provide care to people with diverse genders.

Implications for Practice
Cancer care nurses should be reflecting on their own assumptions related to gender and engaging their patients in genuinely empathic communication.
Social Distancing Metrics and Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Rates: Associations Between Mobile Telephone Data Tracking and R
Authors: Morley Christopher P. , Anderson Kathryn B. , Shaw Jana , Stewart Telisa , Thomas Stephen J. , Wang Dongliang 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the absence of robust preventive or curative strategies, the implementation of social distancing has been a key component of limiting the spread of the virus.

Methods:
Daily estimates of R(t) were calculated and compared with measures of social distancing made publicly available by Unacast. Daily generated variables representing an overall grade for distancing, changes in distances traveled, encounters between individuals, and daily visitation, were modeled as predictors of average R value for the following week, using linear regression techniques for 8 counties surrounding the city of Syracuse, New York. Supplementary analysis examined differences between counties.

Results:
A total of 225 observations were available across the 8 counties, with 166 meeting the mean R(t) < 3 outlier criterion for the regression models. Measurements for distance (β = 1.002, P = .012), visitation (β = .887, P = .017), and encounters (β = 1.070, P = .001) were each predictors of R(t) for the following week. Mean R(t) drops when overall distancing grades move from D+ to C−. These trends were significant (P < .001 for each).

Conclusions:
Social distancing, when assessed by free and publicly available measures such as those shared by Unacast, has an impact on viral transmission rates. The scorecard may also be useful for public messaging about social distance, in hospital planning, and in the interpretation of epidemiological models.
Public Perceptions of Cross-Sex Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Mills Emily C. , Alfonso Allyson R. , Wolfe Erin M. , Park Jenn J. , Sweeney Guillermo Najera , Hoffman Alexandra F. , Felsenheld Julia H. , Sosin Michael , Ramly Elie P. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Cross-sex vascularized composite allotransplantation has been performed in cadaveric facial transplantation and clinical extremity transplantation. Understanding the challenge of appropriate donor-recipient matching, this study sought to characterize the public's perception of cross-sex vascularized composite allotransplantation.

Methods
Participants were surveyed in New York City. Data collected included demographics and willingness to donate vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) of various types. Similar questions were asked in the context of same-sex and cross-sex donation.

Results
A total of 101 participants (male: 56.4%; age ≤35 years: 62.4%) were surveyed. The majority expressed willingness to donate to recipients of a different sex (hand: 78.2%, face: 56.4%, penis or uterus: 69.3%, lower limb: 81.2%, abdominal wall: 80.2%, larynx: 81.2%, and solid organs: 85.2%). Among VCAs, willingness to donate facial allografts was significantly different in same-sex versus cross-sex contexts (64.4% vs 56.4%; P = 0.008). Participants were also significantly more likely to donate VCAs to same-sex recipients on behalf of themselves versus loved ones (P < 0.05). There was significantly lower willingness to receive cross-sex versus same-sex facial (P = 0.022) and genital allografts (P = 0.022). Education on the preservation of recipient masculinity or femininity in cross-sex facial transplantation increased participants' willingness to receive a cross-sex face transplant from 56.4% to 71.3% (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
This study highlights the urban public's acceptance of VCA donation or reception regardless of sex mismatch. There is increased willingness to receive a cross-sex face transplant after education, highlighting opportunities for future focused interventions to increase public awareness and ultimately the donor pool.
Eustachian Tube: Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Eldib Diaa Bakry , Nofal Ahmed Abdel Fattah , Khazbak Alaa Omar 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Eustachian tube has a major role in ventilation, drainage, and protection of the middle ear. High resolution computed tomography magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed inner and middle ear anatomical information. The aim of this study was to find an applicable way by computed tomography imaging for assessment of Eustachian tube. The goal was to provide improved understanding of the Eustachian tube measurements and the relationship with middle ear in Egyptian population. Computed tomography measurements for Eustachian tube were done including; length of the bony and cartilaginous portions, Total length of Eustachian tube, as well as the width and height of the tympanic orifice of the Eustachian tube. Also, tubotympanic and Reid plane- Eustachian tube angles were measured.

Results:
Within 200 studied ears in 100 subjects, the mean total Eustachian tube length was 40.19 ± 3.05 mm, mean length of the bony Eustachian tube was 11.69 ± 1.8 mm with significant longer Eustachian tube on left side, The mean length of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube was 28.5 ± 2.95 mm with significantly longer cartilaginous and total length in male (P < 0.0001). The mean width and height of the tympanic orifice of the Eustachian tube was 5.4 ± 0.79 and 4.85 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. The mean tubotympanic angle of the Eustachian tube was 148.11 ± 2.82°. The mean Reid plane- Eustachian tube angle was 27.69 ± 2.08° with significantly wider angle in males (P < 0.022).

Conclusion:
The Eustachian tube measurements can easily be obtained on computed tomography images, and are representative for the Eustachian tube anatomy. There is importance of extending computed tomography examinations beyond the middle ear cavity and the mastoids to the Eustachian tube in order to have more data on its condition and relations with different pathological conditions. Computed tomography provides improved understanding of the Eustachian tube measurements and relationship with middle ear structures.
Cell–Cell Interaction Mechanisms in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Zhou Huiting , Fan Erica K. , Fan Jie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response arising from a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic insults. Lung tissue is composed of a variety of cell populations, including parenchymal and immune cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that multiple cell populations in the lung work in concert to regulate lung inflammation in response to both direct and indirect stimulations. To date, the question of how different types of pulmonary cells communicate with each other and subsequently regulate or modulate inflammatory cascades remains to be fully addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the role of cell–cell interaction in the development of ALI and depict molecular mechanisms by which cell–cell interactions regulate lung inflammation, focusing on inter-cellular activities and signaling pathways that point to possible therapeutic opportunities for ALI/ARDS.
Platelet–Monocyte Aggregates: Understanding Mechanisms and Functions in Sepsis
Authors: Fu Guang , Deng Meihong , Neal Matthew D. , Billiar Timothy R. , Scott Melanie J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Platelets have been shown to play an important immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of various diseases through their interactions with other immune and nonimmune cells. Sepsis is a major cause of death in the United States, and many of the mechanisms driving sepsis pathology are still unresolved. Monocytes have recently received increasing attention in sepsis pathogenesis, and multiple studies have associated increased levels of platelet–monocyte aggregates observed early in sepsis with clinical outcomes in sepsis patients. These findings suggest platelet–monocyte aggregates may be an important prognostic indicator. However, the mechanisms leading to platelet interaction and aggregation with monocytes, and the effects of aggregation during sepsis are still poorly defined. There are few studies that have really investigated functions of platelets and monocytes together, despite a large body of research showing separate functions of platelets and monocytes in inflammation and immune responses during sepsis. The goal of this review is to provide insights into what we do know about mechanisms and biological meanings of platelet–monocyte interactions, as well as some of the technical challenges and limitations involved in studying this important potential mechanism in sepsis pathogenesis. Improving our understanding of platelet and monocyte biology in sepsis may result in identification of novel targets that can be used to positively affect outcomes in sepsis.
Making Every Liver Count
Authors: MacConmara Malcolm , Hanish Steven I. , Hwang Christine S. , De Gregorio Lucia , Desai Dev M. , Feizpour Cyrus A. , Tanriover Bekir , Markmann James F. , Zeh Herbert , Vagefi Parsia A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) enables optimized ex-vivo preservation of a donor liver in a normal physiologic state. The impact of this emerging technology on donor liver utilization has yet to be assessed.Summary Background Data:NMP of the donor liver and ex-vivo enhancement of its function has been envisioned for decades, however only with recent technological advances have devices been suitable for transition to clinical practice. The present study examines the effect NMP on liver utilization in the United States.Methods:The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried to identify deceased donor livers procured from 2016 to 2019 (n = 30596). Donor livers were divided by preservation method: standard cold-static preservation (COLD, n = 30,368) versus NMP (n = 228). Donor and recipient risk factors, liver disposition, and discard reasons were analyzed. The primary outcome was liver discard rate between 2 groups.Results:A total of 4037 livers were discarded. The NMP group had a 3.5% discard rate versus 13.3% in the COLD group (P< 0.001), and this was despite NMP donors being older (47.7 vs 39.5 years,P< 0.0001), more frequently donation after cardiac death (DCD) (18% vs 7%,P< 0.001), and having a greater donor risk index (1.6 vs 1.5,P< 0.05). The most common reasons for liver discard in the COLD group were biopsy findings (38%), DCD warm ischemic time (11%), and prolonged preservation time (10%). Survival analysis, following propensity score matching, found no significant difference in 1-year overall survival between recipients of NMP versus COLD livers.Conclusions:NMP reduces the discard rate of procured livers despite its use in donors traditionally considered of more marginal quality. NMP maintains excellent graft and patient survival. Broader application of NMP technology holds the potential to generate a significant number of additional liver grafts for transplantation every year, thus greatly reducing the nationwide disparity between supply and demand.
Is It Safe to Manage Acute Cholecystitis Nonoperatively During Pregnancy?
Authors: Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Oliver Emily A. , Bevilacqua Lisa A. , Metcalfe David , Yeo Charles J. , Berghella Vincenzo , Palazzo Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To compare cholecystectomy (CCY) and nonoperative treatment (no-CCY) for acute cholecystitis in pregnancy.

Summary of Background Data:
Current Society of Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgery guidelines recommend CCY over nonoperative management of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend medically necessary surgery regardless of trimester. This approach has been recently questioned.

Methods:
Pregnant women admitted with acute cholecystitis were identified using the Nationwide Readmission Database 2010–2015. Propensity-score adjusted logistic regression models were used to compare CCY and no-CCY. The primary outcome was a composite measure of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes (intrauterine death/stillbirth, poor fetal growth, abortion, preterm delivery, C-section, obstetric bleeding, infection of the amniotic fluid, venous thromboembolism).

Results:
There were 6390 pregnant women with acute cholecystitis: 38.2% underwent CCY, of which 5.1% were open. Patients were more likely to be managed operatively in their second trimester (First 43.9%, Second 59.1%, Third 34.2%; P < 0.01). Patients managed with CCY did not differ in age, insurance, income, Charlson Comorbidity Index, diabetes or obesity when compared to no-CCY (all P > 0.05), but were less likely to have a previous C-section, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia/eclampsia or be in the third trimester (P ≤ 0.01). Risk-adjusted analyses showed that no-CCY was associated with significantly increased maternal-fetal complications during the index admission [odds ratio 3.0 (95% confidence interval 2.08–4.34), P < 0.01] and 30-day readmissions [odds ratio 1.61 (confidence interval % CI 1.12–2.32), P < 0.01].

Conclusions:
Contrary to current guidelines, most pregnant women admitted in the US with acute cholecystitis are managed nonoperatively. This is associated with over twice the odds of maternal-fetal complications in addition to increased readmissions.
Surgical Results With the ONSTEP Technique Using OnFlex Mesh for Inguinal Hernias: Case Series With Treating 986 Lesions
Authors: Yanagi Ken , Kashiwabara Moto 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The ONSTEP technique is a surgical repair method that uses an anterior approach for inguinal hernias. It is a new surgical technique that spans layers in which the medial side of the mesh is inserted into the peritoneal cavity, and the lateral side is positioned over the internal oblique muscle. Previous reports on this technique have mentioned the use of PolySoft Hernia Patch mesh; however, there have been no reports of surgical outcomes using OnFlex Mesh with absorbent rings.

Materials and Methods:
The authors evaluate the results of the ONSTEP technique using OnFlex Mesh. In 2017, this technique was introduced as an outpatient surgical procedure at our institution. In the past 3 years, it has been performed in 941 patients to repair 986 lesions.

Results:
Recurrences were observed in only 1 patient (0.10%), and complications included subcutaneous hemorrhage in 21 patients, hematoma in 10, seroma in 9, wound infection in 4, and mesh infection in 1. No serious events, such as postoperative ileus, chronic pain, or bladder injury, were observed. Because this technique does not require a procedure to detach the lateral preperitoneal space, the duration of surgery was 27±8 min, which was shorter than other transinguinal preperitoneal repair techniques.

Conclusions:
The ONSTEP technique using OnFlex Mesh is a simple and safe repair method that can be performed as an outpatient surgical procedure. Although there is still a need to wait for long-term results, favorable short-term to medium-term results have been obtained.
Evaluation of Postoperative Serum MACC1 in the Prognosis of Laparoscopic Complete Mesocolic Excision for Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Qinghua , Wang Weiping 
Published: July 2020

Background:
To investigate the correlation between postoperative serum metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) and prognosis of colon cancer patients after laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 280 colon cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic CME were included. The 40-month disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival were calculated.

Results:
Immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the MACC1 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Compared with the small interfering RNA-negative control group, the tumor weight, tumor volume, and tumor number were all significantly decreased after treatment with small interfering RNA-MACC1 (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that compared with the low MACC1 group, the disease-free survival (χ2=30.095, P<0.001), progression-free survival (χ2=50.027, P<0.001), and overall survival (χ2=53.861, P<0.001) in the high MACC1 group all decreased significantly.

Conclusion:
Postoperative serum MACC1 has a potential value for evaluating the prognosis of patients undergoing laparoscopic CME.