bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prone positioning in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Gleissman Helena , Forsgren Anders , Andersson Elisabeth , Lindqvist Elin , Lipka Falck Adam , Cronhjort Maria , Dahlberg Martin , Günther Mattias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe management of COVID‐19 ARDS is debated. Although current evidence does not suggest an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the physiological response to prone positioning is not fully understood and it is unclear which patients benefit. We aimed to determine whether proning increases oxygenation and to evaluate responders.MethodsThis case series from a single, tertiary university hospital includes all mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19 and proning between 17 March 2020 and 19 May 2020. The primary measure was change in PaO2:FiO2.ResultsForty‐four patients, 32 males/12 females, were treated with proning for a total of 138 sessions, with median (range) two (1‐8) sessions. Median (IQR) time for the five sessions was 14 (12‐17) hours. In the first session, median (IQR) PaO2:FiO2 increased from 104 (86‐122) to 161 (127‐207) mm Hg (P < .001). 36/44 patients (82%) improved in PaO2:FiO2, with a significant increase in PaO2:FiO2 in the first three sessions. Median (IQR) FiO2 decreased from 0.7 (0.6‐0.8) to 0.5 (0.35‐0.6) (<0.001). A significant decrease occurred in the first three sessions. PaO2, tidal volumes, PEEP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and norepinephrine infusion did not differ. Primarily, patients with PaO2:FiO2 approximately < 120 mm Hg before treatment responded to proning. Age, sex, BMI, or SAPS 3 did not predict success in increasing PaO2:FiO2.ConclusionProning increased PaO2:FiO2, primarily in patients with PaO2:FiO2 approximately < 120 mm Hg, with a consistency over three sessions. No characteristic was associated with non‐responding, why proning may be considered in most patients. Further study is required to evaluate mortality.
Analysis of the risk factors and treatment for repeated implantation failure: OPtimization of Thyroid function, IMmunity, and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Matsumura Yuko , Ikemoto Yuko , Segawa Tomoya , Hashimoto Tomoko , Fukuda Junichiro , Nakagawa Koji , Uchida Toyoyoshi , Ochiai Asako , Horimoto Yoshiya , Arakawa Atsushi , Nojiri Shuko , Itakura Atsuo , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProblemWhat are the pregnancy outcomes after the OPtimization of Thyroid function, Immunity, and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF)?Method of studyInfertile women with a history of RIF after more than three embryo transfer (ET) cycles underwent implantation testing, including a hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy for CD138 immunostaining and bacterial culture, and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, interferon‐γ‐producing helper T (Th1) cell, IL‐4‐producing helper T (Th2) cell, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thrombophilia screening between April 2017 and August 2018. We treated chronic endometritis with antibiotics, aberrant high Th1/Th2 cell ratios with vitamin D and/or tacrolimus intake, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, and thrombophilia with low‐dose aspirin. Of the 116 RIF women, 88 women with 133 ET cycles were recruited from a questionnaire‐based survey regarding pregnancy outcomes. Fifty‐nine consecutive RIF patients without the OPTIMUM treatment strategy were also recruited as a control.ResultsThe 116 women with RIF after the OPTIMUM treatment strategy were 38.3 ± 3.8 years old and had an implantation failure history over 5 (3‐19) ET cycles. Implantation testing identified impaired intrauterine circumstances in 75 women (64.7%), an aberrant elevated Th1/Th2 cell ratio in 56 women (48.3%), and thyroid abnormalities in 33 women (28.4%). Cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates including spontaneous pregnancy in the patients aged < 40 and ≥ 40 years were 72.7% and 45.5% within two ET cycles, respectively. The pregnancy outcomes in the OPTIMUM group were significantly higher than those in the control.ConclusionsThe OPTIMUM treatment strategy improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with RIF.
Short‐term outcomes of parastomal hernia prophylaxis with Stapled Mesh stomA Reinforcement Technique (SMART) in permanent stomas
Authors: Chen Michelle Zhiyun , Gilmore Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundParastomal hernias occur in 50–80% after stoma formation. Even with mesh repairs, recurrence can be as high as 33%. Stapled Mesh stomA Reinforcement Technique (SMART) places a prophylactic onlay mesh in the trephine during permanent stoma formation to prevent parastomal hernia. Our study aims to describe the short‐term outcomes of SMART procedures.MethodsA prospective study of patients receiving the SMART procedure from 2015 to 2020 was conducted. Inclusion criteria: non‐Crohn's colorectal and urological surgery with permanent stoma formation. The SMART surgical technique incorporates a 70‐mm circular piece of polypropylene mesh by stapling it to the muscular abdominal wall using a circular stapler, and attaching the edge of the mesh to the deep fascia.ResultsFifty patients had a total of 53 SMART procedures. Median follow‐up was 27 months. Procedures included: 35 end colostomies, five end ileostomies, eight ileal urinary conduits and five double‐barrelled wet colostomies. Four patients had parastomal hernia during follow‐up. One was acute, on day 1, due to very large size of trephine, one in a double‐barrelled wet stoma that was repaired laparoscopically, one had a stomal prolapse requiring revision at 3 years and one patient had early small bowel obstruction due to very small size of trephine requiring another surgery. There were no wound infections or mesh‐related sepsis.ConclusionSymptomatic parastomal herniation occurred in 8% of the study population, and most complications were due to incorrect choice of stapled trephine diameter. Longer term follow‐up is required to assess for problematic parastomal hernia.
Evaluation of a polymyxin drop test for polymyxin resistance detection among non‐fermentative gram‐negative rods and enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems
Authors: Perez Leandro Reus Rodrigues , Carniel Eliana , Narvaez Gabriel Azambuja , Dias Cícero Gomes 
Published: November 2020

To assess the performance of the drop test for polymyxin B resistance detection among Enterobacterales and non‐fermentative gram‐negative rods resistant to carbapenems. Seven hundred and fifteen carbapenem‐resistant isolates were tested: 628 Enterobacterales species and 87 non‐fermentative gram‐negative rods. For the polymyxin drop test, concentrations range from 0.25 to 8.0 µg/mL. Broth microdilution, as gold standard, was performed using in‐house‐prepared panels and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Results were interpreted in terms of categorical agreements and discrepancies. Accuracy for a drop of polymyxin B at 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 was calculated as better cutoff for resistance determination. No very major error was observed among all isolates, and 95.5% of agreement was observed among Enterobacterales, particularly for Klebsiella pneumoniae. A higher accuracy (95.1%) was obtained when a single drop of polymyxin B at 4.0 μg/mL was applied. Polymyxin drop test presented >95% of categorical agreement, without very major errors, for KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae isolates. An accuracy of 95.1% was obtained with a single drop at 4.0 μg/mL polymyxin B. Polymyxin B drop is an easy and feasible test and may allow a reduction on the turnaround time for polymyxin resistance detection and impacting on early implementation of accurate therapeutic interventions.
Resolution of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis after bariatric surgery
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Meera , Nadler Evan , Vaidya Susma 
Published: November 2020

SummaryConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP), a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by hyperpigmented papules that subsequently develop into plaques with reticulated margins, is frequently confused with acanthosis nigricans. The aetiology and pathogenesis of CARP is not yet fully understood, but it is often present in individuals with obesity and PCOS. This case report describes an African American adolescent female with obesity with a rash diagnosed as CARP after unsuccessful treatment with antifungals and corticosteroids. Her dermatosis proved recalcitrant to antibiotics and metformin but started to resolve immediately after bariatric surgery. This case report supports insulin resistance as a contributor to CARP's pathogenesis and as well as its association with obesity. Clinically significant weight reduction should be considered in the management of this challenging skin condition.
An examination of changes in muscle thickness, isometric strength and body water throughout the menstrual cycle
Authors: Kuehne Tayla E. , Kataoka Ryo , Yitzchaki Noam , Zhu Wenyuan G. , Vasenina Ecaterina , Buckner Samuel L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the changes in muscle size and strength throughout the menstrual cycle in females and to compare these values to a control group of time‐matched males.Methods12 males and 16 females visited the laboratory on four occasions. Measures of muscle thickness (MTH), isometric strength and body water were taken during the menstrual phase, ovulation phase and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Males scheduled their visits based on a mock menstrual cycle. In addition, participants were asked to complete 4 sets of biceps curls to volitional failure in one arm to examine swelling during each visit.ResultsFor MTH there was no interaction (p = .73); however, there was a main effect for sex with males having higher MTH values compared to females [4.07 (0.67) versus. 2.73 (0.42) cm, (p < .001)] at all time points. For changes in MTH (swelling) there was no interaction (p = .28). However, there was a main effect for sex, with males demonstrating greater changes in MTH compared to females [0.53(0.11) versus. 0.40 (0.10) cm, (p < .001)]. Similarly, for total body water, there was no interaction (p = .66). However, males had greater total body water compared to females [49.6 (6.8) versus. 32.3(3.9) kg, p < .001)] at all time points. Finally, for isometric strength, there was no interaction (p = .23). However, there was a main effect for sex. Males had higher isometric strength values compared to females [285 (42) versus. 156(36) N (p < .001)].ConclusionsPhase of the menstrual cycle does not appear to influence MTH, isometric strength or total body water.
A global framework for linking alpine‐treeline ecotone patterns to underlying processes
Authors: Bader Maaike Y. , Llambí Luis D. , Case Bradley S. , Buckley Hannah L. , Toivonen Johanna M. , Camarero J. Julio , Cairns David M. , Brown Carissa D. , Wiegand Thorsten , Resler Lynn M. 
Published: November 2020

Globally, treeline ecotones vary from abrupt lines to extended zones of increasingly small, stunted and/or dispersed trees. These spatial patterns contain information about the processes that control treeline dynamics. Describing these patterns consistently along ecologically meaningful dimensions is needed for generalizing hypotheses and knowledge about controlling processes and expected treeline shifts globally. However, existing spatial categorizations of treelines are very loosely defined, leading to ambiguities in their use and interpretation. To help better understand treeline‐forming processes, we present a new framework for describing alpine treeline ecotones, focusing on hillside‐scale patterns, using pattern dimensions with distinct indicative values: 1) the spatial pattern in the x‐y plane: a) decline in tree cover, and b) change in the level of clustering. Variation along these dimensions results in more or less ‘discrete' or ‘diffuse' treelines with or without islands. These patterns mainly indicate demographic processes: establishment and mortality. 2) Changes in tree stature: a) decline in tree height, and b) change in tree shape. Variation along these dimensions results in more or less ‘abrupt' or ‘gradual' treelines with or without the formation of environmental krummholz. These patterns mainly indicate growth and dieback processes.Additionally, tree population structure can help distinguish alternative hypotheses about pattern formation, while analysing the functional composition of the ecotonal vegetation is essential to understand community‐level processes, controlled by species‐specific demographic processes.Our graphical representation of this framework can be used to place any treeline pattern in the proposed multi‐dimensional space to guide hypotheses on underlying processes and associated dynamics. To quantify the dimensions and facilitate comparative research, we advocate a joint effort in gathering and analysing spatial patterns from treelines globally. The improved recognition of treeline patterns should allow more effective comparative research and monitoring and advance our understanding of treeline‐forming processes and vegetation dynamics in response to climate warming.
Elevational variation in voltinism demonstrates climatic adaptation in the dark bush‐cricket
Authors: Černecká Ľudmila , Dorková Martina , Jarčuška Benjamín , Kaňuch Peter 
Published: November 2020

1. Phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation may allow species to live in a variable environment. It has been shown that eggs of the dark bush‐cricket, Pholidoptera griseoaptera, which experienced an insufficient warm treatment (shorter and/or colder), had a longer development time and hatched predominantly after the second diapause.2. Given the broad distribution of this species from sea level to the timber line, we expected variation in voltinism along a climatic gradient. To reveal the role of natural selection in egg‐hatching patterns, we compared different and unrelated populations sampled along a 1000 m elevational gradient in a common laboratory experiment.3. In the same rearing microclimate, we found that populations from mountains had mostly a shorter life cycle, whereas semivoltinism prevailed in lowland populations.4. This demonstrated the genetically underpinned local adaptation of this insect to harsh mountain environments with a shorter growing season determined by elevation.
Parallel pathways to decreased subcortical arousal in focal limbic seizures
Authors: Zhao Charlie W. , Feng Li , Sieu Lim‐Anna , Pok Brian , Gummadavelli Abhijeet , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFocal limbic seizures can cause loss of consciousness. Previous work suggests that hippocampal seizures can increase activity in the lateral septum (LS) and decrease cholinergic output from the basal forebrain (BF), leading to deficits in conscious arousal. The mechanism by which LS and BF interact is unclear. In this study, we used anterograde and retrograde tracing to investigate anatomical pathways connecting LS and BF. We found that LS projects directly to BF and indirectly to BF via the thalamic paratenial nucleus (PT). Acute electrophysiology experiments during electrically induced focal limbic seizures showed that multiunit activity decreased in PT during the ictal period and was associated with increased cortical slow wave activity. These results suggest that LS could functionally inhibit BF during a seizure directly, or could indirectly decrease excitatory output to BF through PT. Further work investigating such parallel inhibitory and excitatory pathways to subcortical arousal may ultimately lead to new treatment targets for consciousness‐impairing limbic seizures.
First record of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Katbeh Bader A. , Al‐Jboory I. J. 
Published: November 2020

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from Saudi Arabia for the first time. This species was collected from heavily infested Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L. (Malvaceae) from the city of At‐Taif in the south‐western part of the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, the mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), previously recorded in Saudi Arabia, was found on Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) and on Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae). Slide mounts were prepared and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insects Museum. Further surveys should be initiated to investigate the distribution and hosts of P. solenopsis in Saudi Arabia.
Eptinezumab Demonstrated Efficacy in Sustained Prevention of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Beginning on Day 1 After Dosing
Authors: Dodick David W. , Gottschalk Christopher , Cady Roger , Hirman Joe , Smith Jeff , Snapinn Steve 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the onset of preventive efficacy with eptinezumab in patients with migraine.BackgroundEptinezumab is a monoclonal antibody inhibiting calcitonin gene‐related peptide approved as an intravenously administered treatment for the prevention of migraine.MethodsPatients who received eptinezumab 100 mg, eptinezumab 300 mg, or placebo in PROMISE7‐1 (episodic migraine; 100 mg, n = 221; 300 mg, n = 222; placebo, n = 222) or PROMISE7‐2 (chronic migraine; 100 mg, n = 356; 300 mg, n = 350; placebo, n = 366) were included. Testing of the percentage of patients with a migraine on day 1 after dosing was prespecified and alpha‐controlled. In further exploration of this prespecified endpoint, a post hoc closed testing procedure, which controlled the false‐positive (type 1) error rate, provided a statistically rigorous evaluation of migraine prevention onset. The procedure involved up to 84 tests of significance, all of which were performed in sequence until the first nonsignificant result.ResultsFor both studies, all tests for significance for eptinezumab 100 and 300 mg, from days 1‐84 through day 1 alone, achieved nominal significance (P < .05), indicating that eptinezumab was fully effective beginning on day 1. Over each interval, the treatment effect was comparable to the effect over weeks 1‐12. Mean changes from baseline in monthly migraine days for the primary endpoint period ranged from −3.9 to −4.9, −4.1 to −4.9, and −2.2 to −3.2 for eptinezumab 100, 300 mg, and placebo, respectively, in PROMISE7‐1 and from −7.2 to −8.0, −7.9 to −8.2, and −4.3 to −5.6, respectively, in PROMISE7‐2. The difference from placebo (95% confidence interval) in day 1 treatment effect was −2.2 (−4.1, −0.3) and −2.5 (−4.4, −0.6) days/month for eptinezumab 100 and 300 mg, respectively, in PROMISE7‐1, and was −3.8 (−5.6, −2.0) and −4.0 (−5.8, −2.1) days/month for 100 and 300 mg, respectively, in PROMISE7‐2.ConclusionsThe migraine preventive effect of eptinezumab is rapid and sustained in patients with episodic or chronic migraine, with onset of optimal preventive efficacy observed on the day following the initial dose.
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma: Particulate Staining Pattern of TGK
Authors: Hashimoto Ken , Tanaka Kazuaki , Misra Indira , Shwayder Tor , Moiin Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA case of late onset non‐bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) was studied. This patient was not born as a collodion baby and did not have skin abnormalities until 9–10 years of age. She gradually developed erythroderma and fine scales, callosities of her feet, and a mild ectropion. Since recent work has revealed that in the majority of CIE patients, transglutaminase (TGK) is distributed in the cytoplasm of granular cells and horny cells (11), TGK was studied in our case. It was found that TGK was distributed along the cell periphery of horny cells and also in the cytoplasm of granular cells. In the control skins, TGK was stained along the cell periphery of horny cells and granular cells. The marginal band formation was normal. Involucrine and loricrin, the building materials of the marginal band whose‐cross‐linking is mediated by TGK, were normally stained in the upper epidermis. Cytoplasmic TGK of granular cells and normal development of the marginal band may serve as a helpful diagnostic marker of CIE, particularly because the often confusing collodion baby of lamellar ichthyosis may lack TGK staining and the marginal band altogether.
Winning Over the Audience: Trust and Humor in Stand-Up Comedy
Authors: ABRAHAMS DANIEL 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article advances a novel way of understanding humor and stand-up comedy. I propose that the relationship between the comedian and her audience is understood by way of trust, where the comedian requires the trust of her audience for her humor to succeed. The comedian may hold (or fail to hold) the trust of the audience in two domains. She may be trusted as to the form of the humor, such as whether she is joking. She may also be trusted as to the content of the joke. This approach has two distinct virtues. The first is that it makes sense of partial successes. These are cases where the humor neither completely succeeds nor fails because the audience does not fully trust the comedian. The second is that it explains intuitions about ethically dubious humor and why certain classes of humor, especially those dealing in racialized and gendered identities, are more readily (but not necessarily) accepted from humorists of those identities.
Stand-Up Comedy, Authenticity, and Assertion
Authors: RAPPAPORT JESSE , QUILTY-DUNN JAKE 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTStand-up comedy is often viewed in two contrary ways. In one view, comedians are hailed as providing genuine social insight and telling truths. In the other, comedians are seen as merely trying to entertain and not to be taken seriously. This tension raises a foundational question for the aesthetics of stand-up: Do stand-up comedians perform genuine assertions in their performances? This article considers this question in the light of several theories of assertion. We conclude that comedians on stage do not count as making genuine assertions-rather, much like actors on a stage, they merely pretend to perform speech acts. However, due to norms of authenticity that govern stand-up comedy, performers can nonetheless succeed in conveying genuine insights. Thus, our account accommodates both the seemingly incompatible aspects of our ordinary appreciation of stand-up comedy and points toward deeper philosophical understanding of stand-up comedy as a unique art form.
Polarization of ADAM17‐driven EGFR signalling in electric field‐guided collective migration of epidermal sheets
Authors: Jia Naixin , Liu Jie , Zhu Guoqin , Liang Yi , Wang Yuan , Wang Weiyi , Chen Ying , Yang Jinrui , Zhang Wangjun , Zhang Jiaping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndogenous electric field is considered to play an important role in promoting collective migration of epidermis to the wound centre. However, most studies are focused on the effect of bioelectric field on the movement and migration of single epithelial cell; the molecular mechanisms about collective migration of epidermal monolayers remain unclear. Here, we found that EFs dramatically promoted the collective migration of HaCaT cells towards the anode, activated the sheddase activity of ADAM17 and increased the phosphorylation level of EGFR. Moreover, EGFR phosphorylation and HB‐EGF shedding level were significantly decreased by the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI‐2 or siADAM17 under EFs, which subsequently attenuated the directed migration of HaCaT sheets. Notably, the inhibition of EF‐regulated collective migration by siADAM17 was rescued by addition of recombinant HB‐EGF. Furthermore, we observed that F‐actin was dynamically polarized along the leading edge of the migrated sheets under EFs and that this polarization was regulated by ADAM17/HB‐EGF/EGFR signalling. In conclusion, our study indicated that ADAM17 contributed to the collective directional movement of the epidermal monolayer by driving HB‐EGF release and activating EGFR under EFs, and this pathway also mediated the polarization of F‐actin in migrating sheets, which is essential in directional migration.