bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Nivolumab Wastage and Leftover Drug Stability Assessment to Facilitate Drug Vial Optimization for Cost Savings
Authors: Fukudo Masahide , Ishikawa Ryota , Mishima Kazuto , Ono Takashi , Matsumoto Seiji , Tasaki Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: Nivolumab dosage was initially selected on the basis of body weight, often resulting in leftover drug after sterile compounding. This study sought to investigate the real-world wastage of nivolumab and assess the long-term stability of leftover nivolumab within vials to facilitate drug vial optimization (DVO). METHODS: We collected all discarded vials after preparation from 17 regional hospitals in Japan over a 6-month period preceding the adoption of a fixed dose of 240 mg per administration. The actual amount of waste was measured for each preparation. Stability assessment was performed under different storage conditions. RESULTS: A total of 2,789 100-mg vials and 4,069 20-mg vials were collected. Overall, the drug cost associated with the expenditure of nivolumab alone was $12.1 million, whereas the total cost due to drug wastage was $0.735 million (rate of wastage, 6.1%). Furthermore, the immunoglobulin G concentrations of nivolumab remaining within vials, as well as binding activity to programmed death-1 protein, did not change significantly over 4 weeks of storage at either 4°C or room temperature. CONCLUSION: Significant drug wastage occurs during sterile preparation of nivolumab according to body weight–based dosing. Although nivolumab dosing has been changed to a fixed dose in Japan, body weight–based dosing is still applied in some other countries, as well as in combination therapy with ipilimumab. Our findings regarding the long-term stability of leftover nivolumab within the vials should motivate hospitals to implement DVO for cost savings.
LXRα Phosphorylation in Cardiometabolic Disease: Insight From Mouse Models
Authors: Voisin Maud , Gage Matthew C , Becares Natalia , Shrestha Elina , Fisher Edward A , Pineda-Torra Ines , Garabedian Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, are a powerful means by which the activity and function of nuclear receptors such as LXRα can be altered. However, despite the established importance of nuclear receptors in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, our understanding of how phosphorylation affects metabolic diseases is limited. The physiological consequences of LXRα phosphorylation have, until recently, been studied only in vitro or nonspecifically in animal models by pharmacologically or genetically altering the enzymes enhancing or inhibiting these modifications. Here we review recent reports on the physiological consequences of modifying LXRα phosphorylation at serine 196 (S196) in cardiometabolic disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and obesity. A unifying theme from these studies is that LXRα S196 phosphorylation rewires the LXR-modulated transcriptome, which in turn alters physiological response to environmental signals, and that this is largely distinct from the LXR-ligand–dependent action.
Factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mutiiria Mathew Munyamaara , Mbugua Gabriel Gatimu , Marwanga Doris 
Published: June 2020

Background: High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries. Skilled birth delivery is central to reducing maternal mortality, yet health facility delivery remains low in Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled delivery and identified factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that had p value ≤0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariable regression model to assess for confounders. Variables with a p value of ≤0.05 in multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: We interviewed 245 (240 analyzed) women from the five wards; the majority were 16-25 years age group (45.5%; 110/240). Mean age was 27±6.6 years. Prevalence of health facility delivery was 50.4%. Distance from a health facility, number of children in a household, occupation of the respondent’s partner, number of antenatal clinic (ANC) visits and means of transport were significant factors for not delivering in a health facility. On multivariate analysis, women who lived >5km from health facility were less likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR =0.36; 95% CI 0.15- 0.86). Women who attended ≥ 4 ANC visits were 4 times more likely to deliver in a health facility (95% CI 2.01-8.79). Conclusions: More than half of the respondents delivered in a health facility. A long distance from the health facility is a hindrance to accessing ANC services. Inadequate ANC visits was associated with home delivery. Improving accessibility of health care services and health education on family planning would increase delivery at a health facility. We recommend Kitui County introduce five satellite clinics/ambulatory services for expectant women to access ANC and maternal services.
Measuring the outcome and impact of research capacity strengthening initiatives: A review of indicators used or described in the published and grey literature
Authors: Pulford Justin , Price Natasha , Amegee Quach Jessica , Bates Imelda 
Published: June 2020

Background: Development partners and research councils are increasingly investing in research capacity strengthening initiatives in low- and middle-income countries to support sustainable research systems. However, there are few reported evaluations of research capacity strengthening initiatives and no agreed evaluation metrics. Methods: To advance progress towards a standardised set of outcome and impact indicators, this paper presents a structured review of research capacity strengthening indicators described in the published and grey literature. Results: We identified a total of 668 indicators of which 40% measured output, 59.5% outcome and 0.5% impact. Only 1% of outcome and impact indicators met all four quality criteria applied. A majority (63%) of reported outcome indicators clustered in four focal areas, including: research management and support (97/400), the attainment and application of new research skills and knowledge (62/400), research collaboration (53/400), and knowledge transfer (39/400). Conclusions: Whilst this review identified few examples of quality research capacity strengthening indicators, it has identified priority focal areas in which outcome and impact indicators could be developed as well as a small set of ‘candidate’ indicators that could form the basis of development efforts.
Hard x-ray phase-contrast microscopy using a Gabor hologram without a zero-order term
Authors: Matsuda Kiyofumi , Yasumoto Masato , Akter Nahida , Misawa Masaki , Aguilar Juan C. , Suzuki Yoshio , Takeuchi Akihisa , Hibino Kenichi , Rehman Shakil , Roy Maitreyee 
Published: June 2020

In order to achieve a nanometer-scale resolution in an x-ray microscopy system, a Gabor-type hologram was produced by eliminating the zero-order term of the object diffraction pattern. In this system, a Fresnel zone plate was used for strong illumination of an object, and the zero-order diffraction was physically eliminated by a center stop. An accurate phase plate of

π

/

2

in the Zernike method was numerically created, and the phase-contrast image was realized. The theoretical resolution was 19.8 nm. We proved that a gold nanocube with a size of 50 nm can be reconstructed with the predicted resolution.
Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry theory using stochastic representation of spontaneous Brillouin scattering light
Authors: Okawa Youhei , Hotate Kazuo 
Published: June 2020

Brillouin correlation-domain techniques used for fiber optic distributed sensing have been widely studied owing to their unique feature in which the spatial resolution is not limited by the phonon lifetime, unlike with time-resolved methods. This approach can be divided into two main classes according to the scattering type, i.e., spontaneous or stimulated Brillouin scattering. In this study, we derived a formula for the measurement spectrum of the correlation-domain reflectometry using spontaneous Brillouin scattering by considering its stochastic properties. The derived formula is equivalent to the formula of the system using stimulated Brillouin scattering. Our results indicate that the methods developed thus far for improving the system’s performance can be commonly applied.
Subchannel drop and add operation by using silicon photonic all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demultiplexers
Authors: Shimosawa Kohei , Uenohara Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the subchannel drop and add operation of a silicon photonic all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demultiplexer (O-OFDM-DEMUX) circuit. The proposed device consists of two O-OFDM-DEMUX circuits with four subchannels at a frequency spacing of 10 GHz and four

2
×
2

Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-type optical switches for drop and through operations, with another four

2
×
2

MZI-type optical switches for add and through operations. A subchannel on–off ratio of over 20 dB was achieved. In addition, a new subchannel was successfully added to the target subchannel, although the shape of the transmissivity spectrum was slightly degraded through the detuning of the spectrum.
Nuevas herramientas pedagógicas: laboratorio virtual
Authors: Luengas Lely A. , Sánchez Giovanni , Cárdenas Sandra M. 
Published: June 2020

en éste artículo se describe el diseño y desarrollo de una herramienta informática para el laboratorio de química, específicamente para el proceso de destilación. Esta herramienta pedagógica ha sido diseñada para permitir a los estudiantes simular un proceso estándar; las interacciones incluidas y su manipulación se asemejan a un verdadero laboratorio. Aquí los estudiantes encontrarán muchos elementos del laboratorio de destilación: podría inclusive permitir hasta incorporarse y ensamblar el proceso. Es una eficiente e interesante herramienta para la enseñanza de química en ingeniería
Manejo de potencia para un vehículo con acople fotovoltaico en motor híbrido
Authors: Amaya H. Darío , Marrugo Nicolás F , Ospina J. Jorge M 
Published: June 2020

Actualmente, la visión de la industria en todo el mundo se está enfocando en desarrollar y realizar soluciones nuevas que sean amigables con el medio ambiente; una de estas son los motores híbridos y eléctricos. Este artículo propone realizar la simulacón de un algoritmo de manejo de potencias para un motor híbrido, cuya parte eléctrica será abastecida mediante un sistema fotovoltaico; con ello se busca analizar la batería del carro en función de la aceleración y desaceleración de este. Se obtiene como resultado un estudio del comportamiento de un sistema fotovoltaico en conjunto con un motor híbrido, donde se analiza el comportamiento de la batería según las condiciones meteorológicas que afecten al sistema.
Origen de la vida basada en la complejidad biológica de los organismos: una revisión
Authors: García C Diego , Casas P Bony , Regalia Marco 
Published: June 2020

El origen de la vida es un problema científico abierto, y tal vez la incógnita de mayor envergadura que se ha formulado el ser humano. Acercarse a respuestas alternativas aportaría información relevante para la evolución de las ciencias modernas, la industria biotecnológica e incluso la medicina molecular. Se han planteado plausibles teorías evolutivas que resuelven el problema; no obstante se han encontrado otras como la del trabajo de A. Sharov y R. Gordon denominado Life Before Earth, cuya principal hipótesis indica que la vida surgió antes de la formación del planeta tierra, basada en la ley de Moore y en la complejidad biológica de los organismos. El presente artículo presenta una revisión a dicho trabajo y, bajo los mismos fundamentos pero calculando la complejidad biológica a partir de la información proteínica de los organismos alejada del contexto del mundo del RNA pues no es compatible con el, se calcula una fecha aproximada para el origen de la vida en la tierra. Con propósitos referenciales, los resultados muestran que esta surgió años después de la formación del planeta y no antes como se sugiere en Life Before Earth, evidenciando que encaja en la escala temporal geológica escogida, y ofreciendo una reflexión alternativa que contrasta lo que se sabe del funcionamiento de la vida terrestre y su evolución.
Development of mechanism for entertainment device
Authors: Bonilla-Ramírez Maria Katalina , Torres-Pachón Karol Geraldinne , Puentes-Cantor Stefany , Forero-Rubio Karen Juliette , Torres-Pérez Yolanda , Gómez-Pachón Edwin Yesid 
Published: June 2020

The objective of this project is based on the design and manufacture of a mechanism for a didactic product, awakening the interest of those who have affinity to horses and their skills. It is intended for people between 20 and 50 years old.
Ergonomic, functional, use, aesthetic, structural and mechanical aspects were taken into account. In addition, the mechanisms were verified through the Working Model and SolidWorks software, with their corresponding static and kinematic calculations of the mechanism.
The purpose of the project was to design a toy in the shape of a racecourse where there were two horses in competition, these displacements being generated by a crank movement exercised by the user, which was determined by kinematic calculations with the use of polar coordinates, finally we developed a prototype in scale 1-1 where we observed the speed of movement, the trajectory and the time it takes to carry out the activity.
We conclude that for the development of competitiveness it is necessary to use a train of gears, which allowed the reduction of speed and the linear movement of the horse
BROAD
Authors: Zhao Feng , Zhang Xiaolong , Tung Anthony K. H. , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2020

Keyword search in databases has received a lot of attention in the database community as it is an effective approach for querying a database without knowing its underlying schema. However, keyword search queries often return too many results. One standard solution is to rank results such that the "best" results appear first. Still, this approach can suffer from redundancy problem where many high ranking results are in fact coming from the same part of the database and results in other parts of the database are missed completely.In this demo, we propose the BROAD system which allows users to perform diverse, hierarchical browsing on keyword search results. Our system partitions the answer trees in the keyword search results by selectingkdiverse representatives from the trees, separating the answer trees intokgroups based on their similarity to the representatives and then recursively applying the partitioning for each group. By constructing summarized result for the answer trees in each of thekgroups, we provide a way for users to quickly locate the results that they desire.
Data generation for application-specific benchmarking
Authors: Tay Y. C. 
Published: June 2020

The Transaction Processing Council (TPC) has played a pivotal role in the database industry's growth over the last twenty-five years. However, its handful of domain-specific benchmarks are increasingly irrelevant to the multitude of data-centric applications, and its top-down process is slow.
This mismatch calls for a paradigm shift to a bottom-up community effort to develop tools for application-specific benchmarking. Such a development program would center around techniques for synthetically scaling (up or down) an empirical dataset. This engineering effort in turn requires the development of a database theory on attribute value correlation.
Exploration of deep web repositories
Authors: Zhang Nan , Das Gautam 
Published: June 2020

With the proliferation of online repositories (e.g., databases or document corpora) hidden behind proprietary web interfaces, e.g., keyword-/form-based search and hierarchical/graph-based browsing interfaces, efficient ways of exploring contents in such hidden repositories are of increasing importance.
There are two key challenges: one on the proper understanding of interfaces, and the other on the efficient exploration, e.g., crawling, sampling and analytical processing, of very large repositories. In this tutorial, we focus on the fundamental developments in the field, including web interface understanding, crawling, sampling, and data analytics over web repositories with various types of interfaces and containing structured or unstructured data. Our goal is to encourage audience to initiate their own research in these exciting areas.
Programas de garantía externa de la calidad SEQCML. Evolución de las prestaciones analíticas de los laboratorios clínicos a lo largo de 30 años y comparación con otros programas
Authors: Perich Alsina Carmen , Ricós Carmen , Marqués Fernando , Minchinela Joana , Salas Angel , Martínez-Bru Cecilia , Boned Beatriz , Gómez-Rioja Rubén , Cortés Marià , González-Lao Elisabet , García Lario Jose Vicente , Tejedor Xavier , Bullich Sandra , Ventura Montserrat , González-Tarancón Ricardo , Fernández-Fernández Pilar , Ramón Francisco , Corte Zoraida , Llopis Maria Antonia , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Simón Margarita , Fernández-Calle Pilar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objetivos
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la evolución de la prestación analítica de los laboratorios participantes en los programas EQA de la SEQCML durante los 30 años de funcionamiento y compararla con la prestación obtenida en otros programas EQA para saber si los resultados son similares.

Métodos
Se evalúan los resultados obtenidos durante este periodo, aplicando las especificaciones de la calidad derivadas de la VB y del estado del arte. Además, se realiza una comparación con los resultados obtenidos por otras organizaciones de programas EQA.

Resultados
Se observa que los laboratorios participantes en los programas EQA-SEQCML han mejorado su prestación durante los 30 años de experiencia y que las especificaciones derivadas de la variación biológica son alcanzables. La comparación entre programas EQA es difícil, debido a: la falta de accesibilidad y a las diferencias en el diseño de estos programas (materiales control, cálculos empleados y especificaciones analíticas establecidas).

Conclusiones
Los datos de este estudio ponen de manifiesto que para algunas magnitudes biológicas los resultados obtenidos en los programas todavía no están armonizados, aunque se estan realizando esfuerzos para alcanzar la armonización. Los organizadores de programas EQA deberían sumarse al esfuerzo de armonización, facilitando la información sobre sus resultados para permitir su comparación.
Advancing interpretation of stable isotope assignment maps: comparing and summarizing origins of known-provenance migratory bats
Authors: Campbell Caitlin J. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Vander Zanden Hannah B. , Nelson David M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProbability-of-origin maps deduced from stable isotope data are important for inferring broad-scale patterns of animal migration, but few resources and tools for interpreting and validating these maps exist. For example, quantitative tools for comparing multiple probability-of-origin maps do not exist, and many existing approaches for geographic assignment of individuals have not been validated or compared with respect to precision and accuracy. To address these challenges, we created and analyzed probability-of-origin maps using stable hydrogen isotope values from known-origin individuals of three species of migratory bat. We used a metric of spatial overlap to group individuals by areas of origin without a priori knowledge of such regions. The metric of spatial similarity allowed for quantitative comparison of geographic origins and grouping of individuals with similar origins. We then compared four approaches for inferring origins (cumulative-sum, odds-ratio, quantile-only, and quantile-simulation) across a range of thresholds and probable minimum distance traveled. The accuracy of geographic origins and minimum distance traveled varied across species at most threshold values for most approaches. The cumulative-sum and quantile-simulation approaches had generally higher precision at a given level of accuracy than the odds-ratio and quantile-only approaches, and many threshold values were associated with a relatively high degree (> 300 km) of variation in minimum distance traveled. Overall, these results reinforce the importance of validating assignment techniques with known-origin individuals when possible. We present the tools discussed as part of an R package, ‘isocat’ (“Isotope Origin Clustering and Assignment Tools”).
Attractors of variation in Hungarian inflectional morphology
Authors: Rácz Péter , Rebrus Péter , Törkenczy Miklós 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe use algorithmic learning and statistical methods over a form frequency list (compiled from the Hungarian web corpus) to investigate variation in Hungarian verbal inflection. Our aims are twofold: (i) to give an adequate description of this variation, which has not been described in detail in the literature and (ii) to explore the range and depth of lexical attractors that potentially shape this variation. These attractors range from closely related ones, such as the shape of the word form or the behaviour of the verb’s paradigm, to broad ones, such as the behaviour of similar verbs or the phonotactics of related verb forms. We find that verbal variation is predominantly determined by similarity to related verb forms rather than by word shape or by word frequency. What is more, the effect of similarity is better approximated using inflected forms as opposed to base forms as points of comparison. This, in turn, supports a rich memory model of morphology and the mental lexicon.
Corrosion control of nuclear steam generators under normal operation and plant-outage conditions: a review
Authors: Rodríguez Martín A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nuclear steam generators (NSGs) are key components of nuclear power plants (NPPs) since their reliability affects the overall plant performance. Corrosion control of steam generators under operation and during plant outages is attained by proper design, adequate material selection and control of water chemistry in the entire secondary cooling circuit. This article reviews the types of steam generators, the materials used for their construction (with a special focus on tubing alloys), the corrosion processes that may occur under operation and the strategies to preserve steam generators and other components of the secondary cooling system from corrosion during plant outages.
Do sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression explain increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males?
Authors: Vikse Jens , Lippi Giuseppe , Henry Brandon Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shares similarities with the former SARS outbreak, which was caused by SARS-CoV-1. SARS was characterized by severe lung injury due to virus-induced cytopathic effects and dysregulated hyperinflammatory state. COVID-19 has a higher mortality rate in men both inside and outside China. In this opinion paper, we describe how sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression may explain the increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males. We highlight that immunomodulatory treatment must be tailored to the underlying immunobiology at different stages of disease. Moreover, by investigating sex-based immunobiological differences, we may enhance our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and facilitate improved immunomodulatory strategies.