bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barium‐Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films as Highly Efficient and Reusable Photocatalysts
Authors: Jayakrishnan Ampattu Ravikumar , Alex Kevin V. , Tharakan Anoja Tony , Kamakshi Koppole , Silva José PB , Prasad Madavi Shiva , Sekhar Koppole C. , Gomes Maria J. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of Ba doping content on the photocatalytic activity of (Zn1‐xBaxO (ZBO); x=0 to 0.2) thin films is investigated. The efficiency of ZBO photocatalyst for the decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) is found to be optimum at x=0.1. The Zn0.9Ba0.1O film exhibits an efficiency of
96% at an irradiation time of 60 min. The high photocatalytic activity of Ba doped ZnO films is attributed to the high efficient generation and separation of photo‐induced charge carriers as evident from photocurrent measurements. Further, the texture and the oxygen vacancies favor the photocatalytic activity as suggested by the x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Moreover, the reusability test reveals that the photocatalyst performance remains for at least six consecutive cycles without significant change. The higher efficiency and outstanding reusability of Zn0.9Ba0.1O make it a potential candidate for photocatalytic applications.
Highly Robust Non‐Noble Alkaline Hydrogen‐Evolving Electrocatalyst from Se‐Doped Molybdenum Disulfide Particles on Interwoven CoSe2 Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Liao Liling , Sun Jingying , Li Dongyang , Yu Fang , Zhu Yijun , Yang Yi , Wang Jinjian , Zhou Weichang , Tang Dongsheng , Chen Shuo , Zhou Haiqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient non‐noble and earth‐abundant hydrogen‐evolving electrocatalysts is highly desirable for improving the energy efficiency of water splitting in base. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising candidate, but its catalytic activity is kinetically retarded in alkaline media due to the unfavorable water adsorption and dissociation feature. A heterogeneous electrocatalyst is reported that is constructed by selenium‐doped MoS2 (Se‐MoS2) particles on 3D interwoven cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) nanowire arrays that drives the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with fast reaction kinetics in base. The resultant Se‐MoS2/CoSe2 hybrid exhibits an outstanding catalytic HER performance with extremely low overpotentials of 30 and 93 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm–2 in base, respectively, which outperforms most of the inexpensive alkaline HER catalysts, and is among the best alkaline catalytic activity reported so far. Moreover, this hybrid catalyst shows exceptional catalytic performance with very low overpotentials of 84 and 95 mV at 10 mA cm–2 in acidic and neutral electrolytes, respectively, implying robust pH universality of this hybrid catalyst. This work may provide new inspirations for the development of high‐performance MoS2‐based HER electrocatalysts in unfavorable basic media for promising catalytic applications.
End‐user modeling of quality for web components
Authors: Lizcano David , Martínez‐Ortíz Andrés‐Leonardo , López Genoveva , Grignard Arnaud 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith years of frantic development, when release fast and release often was the mandatory rule for web technologies and services, the open source paradigm and online distribution repositories have imposed de facto standards for quality assessment in fast‐paced innovation processes. Nowadays, however, in pursuit of productivity, security, and user satisfaction, the industry is beginning, through the introduction of new standards such as ECMAScript 6 or web components, to consider software engineering mandates for web technologies. This article reports a quality model aligned with international standard ISO/IEC 25010, covering web components technology, which ultimately aims to improve adoption by the software engineering industry, traditionally wary of agile Internet practices, the open source paradigm, and public repositories. Our research also presents an experimentation platform on which end users have validated the quality properties, highlighting the implicit connection with the perceived quality. The key result of our research convinces us that user ratings are suitable as a testing mechanism for product quality and quality‐in‐use metrics in order to define an absolute scale of comparison for web component quality.
Schadensdetektion mithilfe elektromechanischer Impedanzspektren
Authors: Sahm Daniel , Pak Daniel , Fritzen Claus‐Peter , Dreisbach Anna‐Lena , Dietrich Gerhard , Yokaribas Volkan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen eines kooperativen Forschungsprojekts der Universität Siegen zwischen der Arbeitsgruppe Technische Mechanik (ATM) des Departments Maschinenbau und des Lehrstuhls Stahlbau und Stahlverbundbau des Departments Bauingenieurwesen wurde eine Methode zur zerstörungsfreien Schadensdetektion an Schrauben und Bolzen entwickelt und auf ihre grundsätzliche Anwendbarkeit hin überprüft. Die Methode basiert auf der Messung von elektromechanischen Impedanzspektren, welche sich bei variierenden Strukturzuständen ändern und so eine Zustandsbewertung ermöglichen. Die Untersuchungsmethode könnte bspw. im Monitoring von Brückenbauwerken etabliert werden.Im Zuge des Projekts wurden Untersuchungen an Stahlplatten mit orthogonal aufgeschweißten Gewindebolzen durchgeführt. Um bei den Probekörpern das generelle Verhalten von elektromechanischen Impedanzspektren bei unterschiedlichen Zuständen festzustellen, wurden Voruntersuchungen gemacht. Hierbei ist eine gegenläufige Entwicklung der untersuchten Frequenzspektren unter den Einwirkungen „Vorspannung“ und „Sägeschnitt am Bolzenfuß“ festgestellt worden. Nachfolgend durchgeführte zyklische Versuche haben schließlich die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens gezeigt. Im Beitrag werden erste Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt und darüber hinaus wird die Anwendbarkeit der Messmethodik für das Bauwerksmonitoring diskutiert.
Helium Ion Microscopy of Corn Starch
Authors: Wulff David , Aucoin Marc G. , Gu Frank X. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNormal corn starch granules are imaged using a helium ion microscope (HIM). This relatively new imaging technique produces high‐resolution images of both the interior and exterior of the granules that allow features to be observed which had previously not been seen with scanning electron microscope. Of particular interest is the mesh‐like structure which is observed in the interior when starch granules are sectioned with a metal blade, a structure not currently part of existing models of starch architecture. HIM imaging provides a new way to characterize starch in the ongoing quest to elucidate its internal structure.
Is real options analysis fit for purpose in supporting climate adaptation planning and decision‐making?
Authors: Kwakkel Jan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEven though real options analysis (ROA) is often thought as the best tool available for evaluating flexible strategies, there are profound problems with the assumptions underpinning ROA rendering it unsuitable for use in supporting planning and decision‐making on climate adaptation. In the face of dynamic and deep uncertainty about the future, flexible strategies which can be adapted in response to how the uncertainty is resolving are attractive. Traditional cost‐benefit analysis cannot account for the value created through optionality. ROA sets out to amend this. There are however several profound problems with how ROA tries to do this. It is typically not clear what is the baseline plan, without options, against which value is to be estimated. Different baselines significantly change option value. Even if option value can unequivocally be established for a given scenario, ROA relies on expected values over a set of scenarios. First, this requires assigning weights, or probabilities, to scenarios. Given the long‐time horizon involved in climate adaptation, these probabilities are meaningless. Second, the expected value over a set of scenarios need not obtain in any single scenario and is thus not a meaningful summary of option value.This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Iterative Risk‐Management Policy Portfolios
Supersymmetric continuous spin gauge theory
Authors: Najafizadeh Mojtaba 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Taking into account the Schuster-Toro action and its fermionic analogue discovered by us, we supersymmetrize unconstrained formulation of the continuous spin gauge field theory. Afterwards, building on the Metsaev actions, we supersymmetrize constrained formulation of the theory. In each formulation, we provide supersymmetry transformations for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supermultiplet in four-dimensional flat space-time, in which continuous spin particle (CSP) is considered to be a complex scalar continuous spin field, and its super- partner which can be called “ CSPino ” is considered to be a Dirac continuous spin field. It is shown that the algebra of these supersymmetry transformations are closed on-shell. Furthermore, we investigate whether obtained supersymmetry transformations reproduce the known result of the higher spin gauge field theory in the helicity limit. Finally, we illustrate how these two separate set of obtained transformations are related to each other.
Precise yield of high-energy photons from Higgsino dark matter annihilation
Authors: Beneke M. , Hasner C. , Urban K. , Vollmann M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The impact of electroweak Sudakov logarithms on the endpoint of the photon spectrum for wino dark matter annihilation was studied intensively over the last several years. In this work, we extend these results to Higgsino dark matter $$ {\chi}_1^0 $$

χ
1
0

. We achieve NLL′ resummation accuracy for narrow and intermediate spectral energy resolutions, of order $$ {m}_W^2/{m}_{\chi } $$

m
W
2

/

m
χ

and mW, respectively. This is the most accurate prediction to date for the yield of high-energy γ-rays from $$ {\chi}_1^0{\chi}_1^0 $$

χ
1
0

χ
1
0

→ γ + X annihilation for the energy resolutions realized by current and next-generation telescopes. We also discuss for the first time the effect of power corrections in mW/mχ in this context and argue why they are not sizeable.
Wilson-line scalar as a Nambu-Goldstone boson in flux compactifications and higher-loop corrections
Authors: Honda Masaki , Shibasaki Toshihide 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study a scalar zero mode originated from extradimensional components of a gauge field in a six-dimensional theory compactified on a magnetized torus. We confirm it is a Nambu-Goldstone boson of the translational symmetry on the torus which is breaking spontaneously due to magnetic flux. We also show explicitly it is massless up to the two-loop level. Moreover, we discuss full order contributions by considering the effective potential.
Live Liver Donors: Is Right Still Right?
Authors: Rammohan Ashwin , Reddy Mettu S. , Narasimhan Gomathy , Rajalingam Rajesh , Kaliamoorthy Ilankumaran , Krishnan Mathangi , Kanagavelu Rathnavel , Kota Venugopal , Rela Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional wisdom dictates that a larger hepatectomy is more prone to complications. Consequently, with the donor safety as paramount, the transplant community has intuitively been proponents of left lobe donation in live donor liver transplantation (LDLT), thereby satisfying the tenet of double equipoise. More recently some data suggest that this may not always be the case, especially in established centres. Our aim was to compare right and left lobe donor outcomes in LDLT from a centre with cumulative experience.MethodsReview of a prospectively collected database of right and left lobe liver donors operated between August 2009 and July 2017 was performed. Their preoperative demographics, operative and post‐operative outcomes were compared.ResultsOf 904 liver transplantations, 458 were right lobe donors [379 without middle hepatic vein (MHV), 79 with MHV] and 58 left lobe donors. There was a significant difference in GRWR and functional liver remnant between the right and left lobe donors (1.27 ± 0.45 vs. 1.03 ± 0.28 p = 0.004, and 63.2 ± 7.9 vs. 37.7 ± 16.3, respectively, p value). The end portal pressure (7 vs. 8 mmHg p = <0.001), peak bilirubin (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.5 p = <0.001) and day 5 bilirubin (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.9 p = <0.001) were significantly higher in right lobe donors. There was no difference in blood loss, duration of surgery or peak lactate between the groups. Complications (20.7% vs. 25.9% p = 0.48), including serious complications (Clavien–Dindo > III) (6.9% vs. 8.1% p = 0.95), duration of ICU and hospital stay, were comparable between the groups. Subgroup analysis between left lobe and right lobe with and without MHV donor was also comparable.ConclusionThough biochemical differences exist between the groups, no difference in outcomes was noted. Despite larger liver mass loss in right lobe donors, a strict protocol‐based approach to donor selection leads to comparable outcomes between left lobe and right lobe donations.
Widespread low abundance despite habitat availability elevates extinction risk in pygmy seahorses
Authors: De Brauwer Maarten , Hobbs Jean-Paul A. , Jompa Jamaluddin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to difficulties with surveying, cryptobenthic fishes are understudied, which limits assessments of their extinction risk. Using a novel survey method (a combination of underwater visual census and underwater biofluorescence census), we surveyed the densities of two gorgonian seafan-associated pygmy seahorses (Hippocampus bargibanti and H. denise) in 63 sites across Indonesia. Densities were low for both seahorses (≤ 0.4 seahorses/host) and their hosts (≤ 0.25 seafans/200 m2). These low densities, combined with habitat specialisation, increase extinction risk. We failed to detect regional or depth patterns in seahorse abundance per host or group size in occupied hosts. Host occupancy rates were low (< 13.7%), suggesting that other factors than habitat availability constrain pygmy seahorse population size. The low densities found in this study highlight the high extinction vulnerability for habitat specialists on coral reefs.
Reliabilität der Hornhauttomographie nach Implantation von intrakornealen Ringsegmenten bei Keratokonus
Authors: Matar C. , Daas L. , Suffo S. , Langenbucher A. , Seitz B. , Eppig T. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Intrakorneale Ringsegmente (ICRS) sollen die Progression des Keratokonus (KK) aufhalten. Diese Aussage zur Progression erfordert jedoch Kenntnisse über die Reproduzierbarkeit der angewendeten Messverfahren. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Reproduzierbarkeit tomographischer Parameter in Augen mit Keratokonus (KK) nach femtosekundenlasergestützter INTACS-Implantation (fs-INTACS) zwischen 2 Hornhauttomographen zu vergleichen.

Patienten und Methoden
19 KK-Augen wurden eingeschlossen. 5 Messungen wurden mit dem Scheimpflug-Tomographen Pentacam HR und dem optischen Kohärenztomographen (VA-OCT) Casia 2 durchgeführt. Zielgrößen waren die Reproduzierbarkeit und die Vergleichbarkeit der Messungen von (1) keratometrischem Brechwert der Hornhautvorder- und (2) -rückfläche, (3) maximalem keratometrischem Brechwert, (4) zentraler Hornhautdicke und (5) Hornhautdicke an der dünnsten Stelle zwischen beiden Geräten.

Ergebnisse
Die mittlere Differenz (Pentacam minus VA-OCT) von (1), (2), (3), (4) und (5) lag bei 0,67 dpt, 0,41 dpt, 3,4 dpt, 1,5 µm und 11,8 µm. Die mittlere SD der 5 Wiederholungen für (1), (2), (3), (4) und (5) lag bei 0,20 dpt/0,20 dpt, 0,10 dpt/0,07 dpt, 0,75 dpt/0,5 dpt, 6,5/2,4 µm (p = 0,007) und 7,3 µm/1,9 µm (p = 0,001) für Pentacam/Casia 2. Cronbach’s α war für alle Geräte und Parameter besser als 0,98.

Schlussfolgerung
Casia 2 und Pentacam ermöglichen beide eine zuverlässige Beurteilung der Hornhautbrechkraft bei KK nach fs-INTACS-Implantation. Die Reproduzierbarkeit war nur für die Hornhautdickenmessung mit Casia 2 signifikant besser. Pentacam zeigte signifikant höhere Werte für die Brechkraft der Hornhautvorder- und Rückfläche und misst signifikant dicker an der dünnsten Stelle im Vergleich zu Casia 2.
Evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients with atrial fibrillation by cardiac computed tomography for catheter ablation: CADAF-CT trial
Authors: Mito Takahiro , Takemoto Masao , Antoku Yoshibumi , Masumoto Akihiro , Nozoe Masatsugu , Kinoshita Satoko , Tanaka Atsushi , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ueno Takafumi , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlmost all institutions routinely perform cardiac computed tomography (CT) before radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) to evaluate the cardiac anatomy. The ideal timing of the CT image acquisition is different between for RFCA of AF and for evaluation of coronary artery lesions (CALs). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether 64- or 320-line routine cardiac CT scans before RFCA of AF could evaluate both coronary artery lesions and pulmonary veins (LA-PVs) anatomy at the timing of the image acquisition of the LA-PVs in patients with AF who underwent RFCA of AF. The CALs were evaluated in 606 consecutive patients who underwent RFCA of AF assessed by the ideal timing of the CT image acquisition for RFCA of AF, and myocardial ischemia (MI) was also evaluated in patients with severe coronary stenosis (≥ 50%) and unevaluable CALs due to their severe coronary calcification and banding artifact by additional examinations combined with exercise stress testing, 201Tl scintigraphy, and/or fractionated flow reserve measurements. This study revealed that, in patients with AF who underwent RFCA of AF, (1) both 64- and 320-line cardiac CT scans for RFCA of AF could evaluate CALs in 93% of those patients, (2) the prevalence of MI was 9%, (3) significant relationships between the CHADS2 score and prevalence of MI were observed (p = 0.003), and (4) the positive predict values of MI in patients with severe coronary stenosis (≥ 50%) and unevaluable CALs also significantly increased in accordance with the CHADS2 score (p = 0.003). The evaluation of CALs and MI by routine cardiac CT for RFCA of AF combined with the additional examinations may be one of the most feasible modalities for patients with AF.
Inter- and intraobserver reliability of non-weight-bearing foot radiographs compared with CT in Lisfranc injuries
Authors: Ponkilainen Ville T. , Partio Nikke , Salonen Essi E. , Riuttanen Antti , Luoma Emma- Liisa , Kask Gilber , Laine Heikki-Jussi , Mäenpää Heikki , Päiväniemi Outi , Mattila Ville M. , Haapasalo Heidi H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInjury of the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint complex, known as Lisfranc injury, covers a wide range of injuries from subtle ligamentous injuries to severely displaced crush injuries. Although it is known that these injuries are commonly missed, the literature on the accuracy of the diagnostics is limited. The diagnostic accuracy of non-weight-bearing radiography (inter- or intraobserver reliability), however, has not previously been assessed among patients with Lisfranc injury.MethodsOne hundred sets of foot radiographs acquired due to acute foot injury were collected and anonymised. The diagnosis of these patients was confirmed with a CT scan. In one-third of the radiographs, there was no Lisfranc injury; in one-third, a nondisplaced (< 2 mm) injury; and in one-third, a displaced injury. The radiographs were assessed independently by three senior orthopaedic surgeons and three orthopaedic surgery residents.ResultsFleiss kappa (κ) coefficient for interobserver reliability resulted in moderate correlation κ = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.45– 0.55) (first evaluation) and κ = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.52–0.63) (second evaluation). After three months, the evaluation was repeated and the Cohen’s kappa (κ) coefficient for intraobserver reliability showed substantial correlation κ = 0.71 (from 0.64 to 0.85). The mean (range) sensitivity was 76.1% (60.6–92.4) and specificity was 85.3% (52.9–100). The sensitivity of subtle injuries was lower than severe injuries (65.4% vs 87.1%p = 0.003).ConclusionsDiagnosis of Lisfranc injury based on non-weight-bearing radiographs has moderate agreement between observers and substantial agreement between the same observer in different moments. A substantial number (24%) of injuries are missed if only non-weight-bearing radiographs are used. Nondisplaced injuries were more commonly missed than displaced injuries, and therefore, special caution should be used when the clinical signs are subtle.Level of evidenceIII.
Additive Manufacturing of a Low-alloyed Engineering Steel
Authors: Aumayr Christin , Platl Jan , Zunko Horst , Turk Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of steel powders has gained a lot of attention in recent years. In the early stages of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of steel powders, the well-known materials 1.2709, 316L, and 17‑4 PH were used due to their very low carbon content. Yet, since these materials are, on the one hand, quite soft (316L) but, in some cases, too highly alloyed for specific engineering applications (1.2709) on the other hand, also carbon steels are increasingly considered for a use in L‑PBF processes. In general, it is well known that carbon limits the weldability of the steel materials. As a rule of thumb, steels with a carbon content below 0.22 wt.-% are suitable for L‑PBF processes without powder bed preheating. This contribution presents a new carbon-steel alloy concept which can be processed by L‑PBF without powder bed preheating. Due to the special alloy design, it will be shown that the printed parts are ready-to-use in the as-built state with a well-balanced property relationship of strength, ductility, and impact toughness. Apart from the usability in the as-printed condition, it will also be shown that an additional heat treatment or even a surface hardening process can be used to gain even better material and part properties compared to the as-built condition.
Combining anterior and posterior component separation for extreme cases of abdominal wall reconstruction
Authors: Lopez-Monclus J. , Muñoz-Rodríguez J. , San Miguel C. , Robin A. , Blazquez L. A. , Pérez-Flecha M. , Rupealta N. , Garcia-Urena M. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The closure of midline in abdominal wall incisional hernias is an essential principle. In some exceptional circumstances, despite adequate component separation techniques, this midline closure cannot be achieved. This study aims to review the results of using both anterior and component separation in these exceptional cases.

Methods
We reviewed our experience using the combination of both anterior and posterior component separation in the attempt to close the midline. Our first step was to perform a TAR and a complete extensive dissection of the retromuscular preperitoneal plane developed laterally as far as the posterior axillary line. When the closure of midline was not possible, an external oblique release was made. A retromuscular preperitoneal reinforcement was made with the combination of an absorbable mesh and a 50 × 50 polypropylene mesh.

Results
Twelve patients underwent anterior and posterior component separation. The mean hernia width was 23.5 ± 5. The majority were classified as severe complex incisional hernia and had previous attempts of repair. After a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 8–45), no case of recurrence was registered. Only one patient (8.33%) presented with an asymptomatic bulging in the follow-up. European Hernia Society’s quality of life scores showed a significant improvement at 2 years postoperatively in the three domains: pain (p = 0.01), restrictions (p = 0.04) and cosmetic (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The combination of posterior and anterior component separation can effectively treat massive and challenging cases of abdominal wall reconstruction in which the primary midline closure is impossible to achieve despite appropriate optimization of surgery.