bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum gratissimum Essential Oils and Extracts on Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Environmental Sources
Authors: Chikwendu C. I. , E. Okere C. , K. Obi R. , Nwogwugwu N. U. 
Published: January 2020

The continuous increase in resistance to antimicrobials amongst the Enterobacteriaceae constitutes a growing public health threat and thus has necessitated the need to continuously search for alternative antimicrobial chemotherapy. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects Moringa oleifera seed and Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts and essential oils on antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from aquatic sources. Two hundred isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were recovered from two different environmental sources. The susceptibility of the isolates to ten (10) different antimicrobials was examined by the Kirby-Bauer technique. The isolates were also tested for extended β-lactamase production (ESβL) by the modified double disc synergy test and the susceptibility of the isolates to essential oils and extracts from Moringa oleifera seeds and Ocimum gratissimum leaves was analysed using the agar - well diffusion assay. In addition, the phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out to determine their constituents. The river water isolates recorded high resistance rates for the following antibiotics: Ampicillin (99%), cefotaxime (83%), imipenem (77%) and low rates for levofloxacine (19%), while the aquaculture isolates expressed high resistance rates to ampicillin (95%) ceftazedime (86%), ertapenem (65%), and low rates to aztreonam (8%). Thirteen (37%) isolates out of 35 tested were positive for ESβL production, four isolates from river water and nine from aquaculture. Antimicrobial analysis of the essential oils against the ESBL producers showed no inhibitory activity while the plant extracts produced zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations of between 1.32 and 2.70 mg/ml for the two plant extracts tested. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides in different quantities. This study has shown that crude extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds and Ocimum gratissimum leaf could become a potential alternative in the treatment of infections due to antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Qualitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols Generated during Ultrasonic Dental Scaling
Authors: Anjum Angabeen , Hosein Mervyn , Akram Butt Saima , . Fakhuruddin , Shafiq Yousra 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To compare the efficacy of two mouth rinses (0.2% Chlorhexidine and 5% green tea mouth rinse) in reducing the bacterial load (CFUs) in aerosol samples collected during ultrasonic dental scaling and to do the qualitative analysis of bacterial isolates.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics (Ziauddin college of Dentistry), Ziauddin University, Karachi, between January 2019 to August 2019.
Methodology: This study comprised of seventy patients (43 males and 27 females) within the age group of 20 to 65 years having gingival and plaque score between 1 and 3 and mean probing depth less than 5 mm. All study subjects were divided into 2 equal groups (group 1 and group 2). A split mouth design was used for ultrasonic scaling (oral prophylaxis). Control side was scaled without pre rinsing while the test side was scaled after pre procedural mouth rinsing. Group 1 study subjects were instructed to rinse with 10 ml 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouth rinse for one minute and Group 2 rinsed with 10 ml 5% green tea mouth rinse for a minute. Fresh blood agar plates were used for air sampling, which were then transported to Microbiology laboratory (JPMC) for aerobic culturing and microbiological examination.
Results: Greater percentage of Gram positive bacteria were found in aerosol samples generated during ultrasonic scaling. Gram positive cocci (Staph epidermidis and Micrococci species) were in abundance and very few gram negative bacteria were detected.
Conclusion: Dental health care providers and patients can easily acquire infections because of contaminated aerosols and splatters and so all infection control measures should be taken to minimize these risks. Pre procedural mouth rinsing with effective mouthwashes should be done before dental procedures as it is easiest and much economical way of reducing cross infection.
Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Design for Uncertain Robotic Manipulator With Finite‐Time Convergence
Authors: Zhu Yuqiang , Liu Zhen , Kao Yonggui , Zhu Quanmin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the issue of finite‐time tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulator systems with unknown actuator faults and shifting loads based upon a fuzzy sliding mode control strategy. A novel fuzzy adaptive sliding mode fault‐tolerant control law is synthesized, where a fuzzy approximation algorithm is utilized to fit the unknown plant parameters, potential disturbances, and relational actuator faults, and the corresponding adaptive robust term is designed to estimate the unidentified boundary of the estimated errors, and the boundedness of all the relevant design parameters of the manipulator systems is ensured combining with the average dwell time mechanism of switched system control theory. Furthermore, the reachability of the pre‐devised sliding surface and the finite‐time convergence of tracking error are achieved under the presented controller design. Ultimately, simulation results exhibit the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Modulating Polaron Behavior in PM6 Blends with Nonfullerene and Fullerene Acceptors: The Importance of Singlet Energy Transfer
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Chang Chia‐Yu , Guo Junjun , Ivov Gonev Hristo , Clarke Tracey M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptors are paving the way toward high‐efficiency organic photovoltaics. In the quest to both understand the origins of these high efficiencies and to push them ever higher, the interactions between the different excited states that contribute to device function ineeds to be understood. In this work, the presence and behavior of bimodal polarons are investigated in high‐performing conjugated polymer PM6 and its blends with non‐fullerene acceptor ITIC‐4F and fullerene acceptor PC60BM. Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to gain insight into the blends’ polarons as a function of blend ratio. Two types of polymer polaron are identified in the PM6:fullerene blends: bound polarons located in pure polymer domains and “interfacial” polarons located in mixed domains. In contrast, the PM6 polarons observed in PM6:ITIC‐4F blends show very different behavior, most notably an almost complete lack of the bound polarons. This loss is attributed to efficient singlet energy transfer from donor to acceptor prior to charge photogeneration taking place. This energy transfer suppresses the formation of bound polaron pairs that rapidly decay back to the ground state, thereby providing another pathway that enables high efficiencies in non‐fullerene acceptor‐based organic photovoltaics.
Triggering Oxygen Redox Cycles in Nickel Ferrite by Octahedral Geometry Engineering for Enhancing Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Peng Yang , Zhao Xu , Shao Yiqun , Yue Xin , Hu Zhuofeng , Huang Shaoming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpinel‐type nickel ferrite (NixFe3‐xO4, x≤1) is a widely used electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Due to the lower hybridization of metal‐d and oxygen‐p orbitals, the OER process on NixFe3‐xO4 follows the sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). Generally, activating the lattice oxygen to trigger the lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) can enhance the OER activity. Herein, to trigger the LOM pathway while maintaining high stability, iron foam (IF)‐supported Ni0.75Fe2.25O4 (NiFeO) with geometrical defects of [NiO6] (nickel cation coordinated with six oxygen anions) units and higher ratio of Fe to Ni cations in octahedral sites (d‐NiFeHRO/IF) is prepared by ion‐exchanging with polar aprotic solvent followed by annealing. As a result, as‐synthesized d‐NiFeHRO/IF exhibits excellent activity (at 295 mV overpotential to achieve 100 mA cm−2), fast kinetics (Tafel slope of only 34.6 mV dec−1), and high stability (maintaining a current density of 100 mA cm−2 over 130 h) for the OER. The theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of octahedral defect in NixFe3‐xO4 enhances the overlap of Fe‐d and O‐p orbitals, which can activate the lattice oxygen. Therefore, increasing the ratio of Fe to Ni will further improve the lattice oxygen redox activity, and thus trigger the fast LOM pathway, ultimately facilitating the OER process.
Identification of CSPG4 as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Infantile Post‐Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus via Multi‐Omics Analysis
Authors: Chen Juncao , Wang Lin , Peng Xiangwen , Cheng Tingting , Yang Yihui , Su Jingzhen , Zou Hongmei , Wang Siyao , Mao Yueting , Wu Lixiang , Yin Xuntao , Li Minxu , Zhu Mingwei , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates has become a major global health problem and is associated with a high risk of post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is a focal challenge in the PHH prevention and control. Here, this study applies multi‐omics analyses to characterize the biochemical, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in clinical human cohorts to investigate disease development and recovery processes occurring due to PHH. Integrative multiomics analysis suggests that the over‐representation of ferroptosis, calcium, calcium ion binding, and cell adhesion signaling pathways is associated with PHH. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is discovered as a CSF biomarker and positively correlated with the ventricular size and the rate of periventricular leukomalacia. Next, it is further demonstrated that these signaling pathways are dysregulated in the choroid plexus (ChP) in PHH by using in vitro cellular experiments and rat models of PHH, whereas CSPG4 silencing can suppress ferroptosis, cell adhesion function, and the intracellular flow of Ca2+. These findings broaden the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PHH and suggest that CSPG4 may be an effective therapeutic target for PHH.
Continuous Flow Photoelectrochemical Reactor with Gas Permeable Photocathode: Enhanced Photocurrent and Partial Current Density for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jung Hyunju , Jamal Aqil , Gereige Issam , Nguyen Tan Tien , Ager Joel W. , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction using a photocathode is an attractive method for making valuable chemical products due to its simplicity and lower overpotential requirements. However, previous PEC processes have often been diffusion‐limited leading to low production rates of the CO2 reduction reaction, due to inefficient gas diffusion through the liquid electrolyte to the catalyst surface, particularly at high current densities. In this study, a gas‐permeable photocathode in a continuous flow PEC reactor is incorporated, which facilitates the direct supply of CO2 gas to the photocathode‐electrolyte interface, unlike dark reaction‐based flow reactors. This concept is demonstrated using Ag‐TiO2 on carbon paper, illuminated through a quartz window and flowing liquid electrolyte. CO2 supply is managed via pressure and flow control on the non‐illuminated side of the carbon paper. The photocurrent density is significantly influenced by the flow rates and pressure of CO2 gas, and the electrolyte flow rates. Compared to the traditional H‐cell, the continuous PEC flow reactor achieves ≈10‐fold increase in CO faradaic efficiency, 30‐fold increase in production rate and 16‐fold increase in stability without catalyst modifications. This work provides essential insights into the design and application of continuous gas‐liquid flow PEC reactor systems, highlighting their potential for other PEC reactions.
Development of a Sealed Rechargeable Li–SO2 Battery
Authors: Hyun Gayea , Lee Myeong Hwan , Liu Haodong , Wang Shen , Hui Zeyu , Petrova Victoria , Liu Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRechargeable Li–SO2 batteries offer low‐cost, high‐energy density benefits and can leverage manufacturing processes for the existing primary version at a commercial scale. However, they have so far only been demonstrated in an “open‐system” with continuous gas supply, preventing practical application. Here, the utilization and reversibility of SO2 along with the lithium stability are addressed, all essential for long‐life, high‐energy batteries. The study discovers that high SO2 utilization is achievable only from SO2 dissolved in electrolytes between the lithium anode and carbon cathode. This results from a unique osmosis phenomenon where SO2 consumption increases salt concentration, driving the influx of organic solvents rather than SO2 from outside the current path. This insight leads to configure a bobbin‐cell with all electrolytes between the electrodes, realizing nearly 70% of SO2 utilization, > 12x greater than in conventional coin cells. To improve reaction rate and SO2 reversibility, triphenylamine is employed to the electrolyte, creating an electron‐rich environment that alleviates the disproportionation of discharge products. Incorporating this additive into a bobbin‐cell with a lithium protective layer yields a cell with a projected energy density exceeding 183.2 Wh kg−1. The work highlights the potential of Li–SO2 batteries as affordable, sustainable energy storage options.
Engineering Dual Active Sites and Defect Structure in Nanozymes to Reprogram Jawbone Microenvironment for Osteoradionecrosis Therapy
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Wang Yuchen , Lin Haobo , Chen Ziyu , Qin Ran , Wang Tianxiao , Xu Hang , Du Yifei , Yuan Hua , Pan Yongchu , Jiang Huijun , Jiang Xinquan , Jiang Jiandong , Wu Fan , Wang Yuli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFour to eight percent of patients with head and neck cancer will develop osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) after radiotherapy. Various radiation‐induced tissue injuries are associated with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) overproduction. Herein, Fe doping is used in VOx (Fe‐VOx) nanozymes with multienzyme activities for ORNJ treatment via RONS scavenging. Fe doping can induce structure reconstruction of nanozymes with abundant defect production, including Fe substitution and oxygen vacancies (OVs), which markedly increased multiple enzyme‐mimicking activity. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme‐like performance of Fe‐VOx can effectively reprogram jawbone microenvironment to restore mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance mitophagy. Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Fe‐VOx made it a good photothermal nanoagents for inhibiting jaw infection. Thus, this work demonstrated that Fe‐VOx nanozymes can efficiently scavenge RONS, activate mitophagy, and inhibit bacteria, which is potential for ORNJ treatment.
Mechanistic Insights Into Post‐Translational α‐Keto‐β‐Amino Acid Formation by a Radical S‐Adenosyl Methionine Peptide Splicease
Authors: Vagstad Anna L. , Lakis Edgars , Csizi Katja‐Sophia , Walls William , Richter Daniel , Soo Lee Kang , Stocker Roman , Gugger Muriel , Broderick William E. , Broderick Joan B. , Reiher Markus , Piel Jörn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRadical S‐adenosyl methionine enzymes catalyze a diverse repertoire of post‐translational modifications in protein and peptide substrates. Among these, an exceptional and mechanistically obscure example is the installation of α‐keto‐β‐amino acid residues by formal excision of a tyrosine‐derived tyramine unit. The responsible spliceases are key maturases in a widespread family of natural products termed spliceotides that comprise potent protease inhibitors, with the installed β‐residues being crucial for bioactivity. Here, we established the in vitro activity of the model splicease PcpXY to interrogate the mechanism of non‐canonical protein splicing. Identification of shunt and coproducts, deuterium labeling studies, and density functional theory energy calculations of hypothesized intermediates support a mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction at tyrosine Cα as the initial site of peptide radical formation and release of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde as the tyrosine‐derived coproduct. The data illuminate key features of this unprecedented radical‐mediated biotransformation yielding ketoamide pharmacophores that are also present in peptidomimetic therapeutics.
Lösungsmittelabhängige divergente Cyclisierung von Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanen
Authors: Zhang Fuhao , Dutta Subhabrata , Petti Alessia , Rana Debanjan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCBs) haben in jüngster Zeit als vielseitige Vorstufen für die unkomplizierte und atomökonomische Synthese potenzieller [n.1.1]‐Bioisostere und multifunktionalisierter Cyclobutane großes Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Hier berichten wir über eine lösungsmittelabhängige divergente Cyclisierung von BCBs, die hochgradig diastereospezifisch dekorierte Cyclobutane und sauerstoffhaltige Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (BCHeps) liefert, die als Bioisostere von meta‐substituierten Arenen dienen. Zusätzlich wurde ein beispielloser 1,2‐Difunktionalisierungsreaktionsmodus für BCBs erforscht, wodurch der chemische Raum von Aren‐Bioisosteren und hochfunktionalisierten Cyclobutanen erweitert wurde.
Ligand‐Protected Golden Fullerene Au42 with Unprecedented Metal Coordination Number of 15
Authors: Luyang Heng‐Wang , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Li Jun , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA golden fullerene with a composition of [Au42(Ph3P)10(5‐CF3‐Hpa)8] (CF3COO)2 (5‐CF3‐H2pa=5‐trifluoropyridyl‐2‐amine) (Au42) has been synthesized with pyridylamino and phosphine ligands as the protecting agents. Single crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that the cluster has a D3h Au4210+ core, which can be depicted as a centered core–shell structure Au@Au15@Au26. The 41 Au atoms of the Au15@Au26 core–shell can be derived from placing a gold atom in the center of each polygon of C78 (D3h). Surprisingly, the centered gold atom of this noble cluster has the highest coordination number in metal nanoclusters of 15. Quantum‐chemical studies suggest that the excellent stability of Au42 results from both the superatomic characteristics of the Au42 kernel and the gold‐ligand interactions.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Elastomeric Poly(n‐Butyl Acrylate) Ionomers
Authors: Ko Kwang‐Hwan , Kim Joon‐Seop 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research explored the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties of poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐Na methacrylate) (PBA) ionomers, as an elastomeric ionomer, with an emphasis on their ion content. The PBA ionomers were found to exhibit dual glass transition temperatures (T
gs) and ionic plateaus, characteristics typically observed in other amorphous ionomers. Significantly, in PBA ionomers, ionic aggregates (i.e., multiplets) functioned like chemical cross‐linking points in addition to their conventional role as physical cross‐links. This dual functionality resulted in an upward shift of the rubbery plateau and a consequent enhancement of storage moduli. In a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of PBA, poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), and poly(styrene‐methacrylate) (PSMA) ionomers, it was determined that the extent of ionomer clustering increased progressively from PBA ionomer to PEA ionomer to PSMA ionomer. The mechanical properties of these three ionomer systems were interpreted through the lens of multiplet formation mechanisms, with a particular focus on the quantity of multiplets and the number of ion pairs per multiplet, both of which were modulated by the matrix T
gs of each ionomer.
Determination of selenium speciation in the muscle, kidney, and liver from different animals treated with different selenium supplements by HPLC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Guo Xiaoqing , Jia Xueting , Zhang Kai , Tang Chaohua , Si Xueyang , He Bo , Carey Manus , Perkins Lynda S. , Zhao Qingyu , Zhang Junmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDietary selenium (Se) deficiency is recognized as a global problem, and exogenous Se supplementation can effectively enrich its levels in animal bodies. Offal tissues are equally important as meat in Se enrichment. Varying properties among Se species require information beyond total Se concentration to fully evaluate health risk/benefits. In the present study, the reliable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and HPLC‐ICP‐MS methods were optimized to analyze total Se content and Se speciation in the muscle and kidney of sheep, kidney and liver of pig, and liver of chicken after different Se supplementation treatments. The total Se contents in the liver and kidney were higher than in muscle. Five Se species were detected in the muscle, and selenourea was additionally detected in the liver and kidney. Sheep muscle and chicken liver mainly contained selenomethionine, and other tissues mainly contained selenocysteine. As the levels of selenomethionine or selenium‐enriched yeast increased in the feed, the proportion of selenomethionine in the sample increased, as well as the proportion of selenocysteine decreased, and almost no inorganic selenium was detected in all tissues. This study has provided insights for analyzing the Se enrichment patterns in tissues, which is significant for understanding the Se metabolism, animal health, and enriching the dietary Se supplementation for humans.
Iron‐Doped Cadmium Sulfide/Graphene Oxide (Cd(1‐x)Fe(x)S/GO) Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Pollutants
Authors: Dorothy S. , Sugumar P. , Meenakshi S. , Settu Munusamy , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , Kalpana K. , Dixit Saurav , Rajendran K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHeterogeneous photocatalysis has been widely explored as a promising solution for dye degradation due to its cost‐effectiveness, ease of recovery, and use of green technology. Precisely, iron‐doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) exhibits greater efficiency because of its higher charge separation, more electron transfer efficiency, and adsorption under visible region. In this study, two different ratios of iron‐doped cadmium sulfide (Cd(1‐x)Fe(x)S/GO) nanocomposites such as Cd0.95Fe0.05S/GO and Cd0.90Fe0.10S/GO were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and characterized with UV‐Vis DRS, XRD, FT‐IR, Raman, XPS, and HR‐TEM. The nanocomposites have been employed to degrade the methyl orange under visible region and optimize the dopant ratio, amount of catalyst, and pH. From the results, it is observed that the composition with a high percentage of iron‐doped CdS such as Cd0.90Fe0.10S/GO displayed better photocatalytic properties and improved the optimum ratio (0.9:0.1 for Cd:Fe). This may be attributed to the highest charge separation, increased number of defective sites, and enhanced visible‐range adsorption owing to Fe doping. In addition to that, doping results reduce the band gap and size of the nanoparticles. It also increases recycling efficiency, reaching 93% after 10 cycles.