bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Qing , Li Qu‐Jin , Hao Fa‐Bao , Wu You‐Qi‐Le , Liu Shan , Zhong Guo‐Chao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Additionally, no study has investigated this association in the US population. Hence, we investigated the association of adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations with pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in a US population.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 95 962 participants was identified. A score incorporating eight WCRF/AICR components was constructed to reflect adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines, with higher scores representing greater adherence to the guidelines. Cox and competing risk regression were used to calculate risk estimates for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to test nonlinearity.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, higher overall WCRF/AICR scores were shown to be associated with lower risks of developing pancreatic cancer (hazard ratiotertile 3 vs 1:0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.90; Ptrend = .0099) and mortality due to this cancer (subdistribution hazard ratiotertile 3 vs 1 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.89; Ptrend = .0108) in a linear dose–response manner (all Pnonlinearity > .05). The component “be physically active” was shown to be a key contributor to the observed associations. No association of the diet‐specific WCRF/AICR score with pancreatic incidence and mortality was found.ConclusionsAdherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR guidelines, especially “be physically active,” confers reduced risks of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in the US population; however, adherence to dietary components alone does not confer such beneficial effects.
Influence of Cosurfactant on the Synthesis of Surface‐Modified Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 as a Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: García‐García Francisco J. , Klee Rafael , Lavela Pedro , Bomio Mauricio R. D. , Tirado José L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of two Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 samples, prepared through an oleic‐assisted emulsion procedure, is examined. The effect of cosurfactants with either short (methylamine) or long (octylamine) chains is determined for their applicability as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. Their structural and morphological properties are studied by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance is determined by cycling sodium half‐cells with the galvanostatic method. Particular interest is devoted to their kinetic properties evaluated by using impedance spectroscopy.
Electrochemical Transformations of Chiral Ni(II) Schiff Base Derivative of Serine: A Route to Novel Structures
Authors: Levitskiy Oleg A. , Aglamazova Olga I. , Grishin Yuri K. , Paseshnichenko Ksenia A. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochemical oxidative functionalization of (R)‐ and (S)‐SerNi complexes performed in a biphasic H2O, NaBr, NaHCO3/CH2Cl2 system using TEMPO as a mediator results in the formation of a new glycine derivative brominated at the α‐amino acid carbon as well as at the para‐position of the aminophenylene ring in 70 % yield. The reaction is stereoselective; only the (S)‐diastereomer is formed, regardless of the stereo configuration of the starting complex, which can be either (S)‐ or (R)‐SerNi. The lability of the Cα‐−Cβ bond in SerNi precludes targeted oxidation of the hydroxy group in the carbonyl derivative even under the mild conditions. Meanwhile, a new dibrominated complex with a labile Cα‐Br bond (BDE is 27 kcal/mol) is a convenient precursor for further modification of the amino acid fragment, for example via nucleophilic reactions. The new α‐sulfanyl complex was obtained in 63 % yield. The mechanism of the electrochemical processes is discussed.
Deep and reinforcement learning for automated task scheduling in large‐scale cloud computing systems
Authors: Rjoub Gaith , Bentahar Jamal , Abdel Wahab Omar , Saleh Bataineh Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCloud computing is undeniably becoming the main computing and storage platform for today's major workloads. From Internet of things and Industry 4.0 workloads to big data analytics and decision‐making jobs, cloud systems daily receive a massive number of tasks that need to be simultaneously and efficiently mapped onto the cloud resources. Therefore, deriving an appropriate task scheduling mechanism that can both minimize tasks' execution delay and cloud resources utilization is of prime importance. Recently, the concept of cloud automation has emerged to reduce the manual intervention and improve the resource management in large‐scale cloud computing workloads. In this article, we capitalize on this concept and propose four deep and reinforcement learning‐based scheduling approaches to automate the process of scheduling large‐scale workloads onto cloud computing resources, while reducing both the resource consumption and task waiting time. These approaches are: reinforcement learning (RL), deep Q networks, recurrent neural network long short‐term memory (RNN‐LSTM), and deep reinforcement learning combined with LSTM (DRL‐LSTM). Experiments conducted using real‐world datasets from Google Cloud Platform revealed that DRL‐LSTM outperforms the other three approaches. The experiments also showed that DRL‐LSTM minimizes the CPU usage cost up to 67% compared with the shortest job first (SJF), and up to 35% compared with both the round robin (RR) and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches. Moreover, our DRL‐LSTM solution decreases the RAM memory usage cost up to 72% compared with the SJF, up to 65% compared with the RR, and up to 31.25% compared with the improved PSO.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of RNA 5′‐Azides and Their Application for Labeling, Ligation, and Cyclization Via Click Chemistry
Authors: Warminski Marcin , Kowalska Joanna , Jemielity Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRNAs with 5′ functional groups have been gaining interest as molecular probes and reporter molecules. Copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition is one of the most straightforward methods to access such molecules; however, RNA functionalization with azide group has been posing a synthetic challenge. This article describes a simple and efficient protocol for azide functionalization of oligoribonucleotides 5′‐end in solid‐phase. An azide moiety is attached directly to the C5′‐end in two steps: (i) ‐OH to ‐I conversion using methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide, and (ii) ‐I to ‐N3 substitution using sodium azide. The reactivity of the resulting compounds is exemplified by fluorescent labeling using both copper(I)‐catalyzed (CuAAC) and strain‐promoted (SPAAC) azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions, ligation of two RNA fragments, and cyclization of short bifunctionalized oligonucleotides. The protocol makes use of oligoribonucleotides synthesized by standard phosphoramidite approach on solid support, using commercially available 2′‐O‐PivOM‐protected monomers. Such a protection strategy eliminates the interference between the iodination reagent and silyl protecting groups (TBDMS, TOM) commonly used in RNA synthesis by phosphoramidite approach. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Solid‐phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azidesBasic Protocol 2: CuAAC labeling of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azides in solutionAlternate Protocol 1: CuAAC labeling of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azides on solid supportBasic Protocol 3: SPAAC labeling of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azidesBasic Protocol 4: CuAAC ligation of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azidesBasic Protocol 5: CuAAC cyclization of oligoribonucleotide 5′‐azidesSupport Protocol: HPLC Purification
A generalized common‐ground single‐switch continuous input‐current boost converter favourable for DC microgrids
Authors: Varesi Kazem , Ghorbani Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe conventional DC‑DC converters have limited voltage gain at moderate duty cycles. In theory, the large duty cycles should be adopted to reach large boosting factors. But in reality, at extreme duty cycles, the effect of parasitic components become dominant, which leads to increased voltage drops on devices, increased total loss and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a single‐switch (requiring single gate‐driver circuit) diode‐inductor‐capacitor (DLC) cell‐based basic boost configuration that can solve the abovementioned issues. The employment of single‐switch has led to only two operational modes (in continuous conduction mode [CCM]) and easy control strategy. The continuous input‐current and large step‐up capability make the proposed configuration favourable for renewable or hybrid energy systems in DC microgrids. The simple configuration, modularity, moderate blocking voltage on semiconductors, wide duty‐cycle range, large voltage gains at low duty cycles, common‐ground between source and load are some profits of suggested configuration. The basic topology can be expanded by addition of DLC cells. Based on comparative analysis, the proposed configuration has larger step‐up capability per required components and lesser average normalized blocking voltage on semiconductors compared with other single‐switch topologies. This leads to smaller and cheaper structure with fewer losses. The configuration and operational modes of proposed basic topology (and its extended version) have been explained. Then, the design considerations and small‐signal modelling of basic topology have been investigated. Finally, the effectiveness and correct operation of proposed topology have been certified by comparative analysis and experimental results.
Current‐mode body‐biased switch to increase performance of linear charge pumps
Authors: Ballo Andrea , Grasso Alfio Dario , Palumbo Gaetano 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis letter introduces a novel scheme to improve charge transfer switches in linear charge pumps. The proposed approach relies on the reduction of the threshold voltage of the transistor implementing each charge transfer switch by forcing a current into its bulk junction. Simulation results using a 130‐nm standard complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Determination of CD43 and CD200 surface expression improves accuracy of B‐cell lymphoma immunophenotyping
Authors: Hoffmann Joerg , Rother Marissa , Kaiser Ulrich , Thrun Michael C. , Wilhelm Christian , Gruen Andrea , Niebergall Ute , Meissauer Ute , Neubauer Andreas , Brendel Cornelia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Matutes score (MS) was proposed to differentiate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHLs). However, ambiguous immunophenotypes are common and remain a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic benefit of measuring CD200 and CD43 expression together with the standard MS antigens.Methods138 lymphoma patient samples and a validation cohort of 138 additive samples were classified according to the standard MS and further assigned with one or two additional points, for high CD200 and/or CD43 expression levels. The “classical” MS and the “Matutes score‐extended” (MS‐e) were categorized as high (4‐5/6‐7), intermediate (2‐3/4‐5), and low (0‐1/0‐3). Samples were reclassified into the MS‐e with focus on ambiguous cases with an intermediate “classical” MS.ResultsA total of 35 of 138 (25.4%) patient samples were assigned to the intermediate MS group and confirmed by histopathological reports as CLL (14/40.0%) and B‐NHLs other than CLL (21/60%). MS‐e analysis identified 13 of 14 (92.9%) of CLL cases (MS‐e 4–5) and 18/21 (85.7%) non‐CLL cases (MS‐e ≤ 3) correctly. Overall, the sensitivity of the CLL diagnosis was significantly increased by application of MS‐e compared to the “classical” MS (98.8% vs. 82.7%; p = 0.0009), while specificity of both methods was almost equal (94.7% vs. 98.3%; p = 0.4795). Of note, sole measurement of CD43 and CD200 on B‐cells sufficiently differentiated CLL from non‐CLL with a test accuracy superior to the “classical” MS (F1 score 96.2 vs. 93.6).ConclusionCD200 and CD43 have a high informative value in diagnostic immunophenotyping and facilitate the separation of CLL from other B‐NHLs particularly in ambiguous cases.
On the performance of underlay cognitive radio system with random mobility under imperfect channel state information
Authors: Odeyemi Kehinde O. , Owolawi Pius A. , Olakanmi Oladayo O. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the performance of an underlay cognitive radio system with random mobility and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is investigated. The mobile user (MU) utilises maximum ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity techniques as signal reception to improve the quality of received signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Under the Rayleigh fading, random waypoint mobility model is employed to characterised the effect of the MU random mobility on the system performance. Thus, novel probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the two considered diversity techniques are derived. Through these, the outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) closed‐form analytical expressions are then obtained to quantify the system performance under the MRC and SC schemes. The results illustrate the effect of imperfect CSI, user mobility which is characterised by pathloss and the network topology on the system performance. Also, the results depict that MRC offers the system better performance compared with SC under the same system conditions. The accuracy of the derived analytical expressions is verified through Monte‐Carlo simulations.
The importance of risk of neoplasm as an outcome in cytologic‐histologic correlation studies on thyroid fine needle aspiration
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsin , Partyka Kristen L. , Dougherty Rae , Cramer Harvey M. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) altered the practice of thyroid pathology and reduced the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with the indeterminate categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC). It has been proposed that the evaluation of the risk of neoplasm (RON) is important in cytologic‐histologic correlation studies.MethodsA total of 5224 thyroid aspirates were performed at our institution during an 8‐year period. Of the 1475 cases (28%) with surgical follow‐up, the histologic diagnoses comprised benign non‐neoplastic (BNN, n = 669), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 188), NIFTP (n = 42), papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) (n = 223), and malignant neoplasm excluding PMC (n = 353). The RON was calculated to include neoplasia with low risk biologic behavior (FA, NIFTP, PMC) and malignant neoplasms. In contrast, the ROM was reserved for malignant neoplasms excluding PMC.ResultsThe RON for each TBSRTC category was: nondiagnostic (ND) 38.3%, benign 20.9%, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) 63.2%, follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) 83.9%, suspicious for malignancy (SFM) 94%, and malignant 100%. The ROM excluding PMC was: ND 14%, benign 1.6%, AUS/FLUS 17.8%, FN/SFN 28.4%, SFM 84.4%, and malignant 99.5%.ConclusionsThe RON and ROM support the recommended management guidelines from TBSRTC for all categories, except for FN/SFN. Histopathologic follow‐up of FN/SFN aspirates in our study contain a very high rate of neoplasm (83.9%), which might support the management preference of conservative surgery.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Quercus fabri Hance in China revealed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Xiong Shifa , Zhao Yunxiao , Chen Yicun , Gao Ming , Wu Liwen , Wang Yangdong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnalysis of genetic diversity and population structure among Quercus fabri populations is essential for the conservation and utilization of Q. fabri resources. Here, the genetic diversity and structure of 158 individuals from 13 natural populations of Quercus fabri in China were analyzed using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). A total of 459,564 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained after filtration for subsequent analysis. Genetic structure analysis revealed that these individuals can be clustered into two groups and the structure can be explained mainly by the geographic barrier, showed gene introgression from coastal to inland areas and high mountains could significantly hinder the mutual introgression of genes. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the individual differences within groups are greater than the differences between the two groups. These results will help us better understand the genetic backgrounds of Q. fabri.
Agricultural landscape composition affects the development and life expectancy of colonies of Bombus impatiens
Authors: Gervais A. , Fournier V. , Bélisle M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBumble bees are essential, efficient pollinators of numerous crops, and scientists are increasingly concerned about their global decline. Although several potential causes have been put forward, the concurrent modification of landscape structure and pesticide use by agriculture are often pointed out as the main drivers of the decline. Yet, the mechanisms through which these factors cause species to decline remain elusive. Most field studies have been conducted at the individual level, and the few studies that addressed higher levels of organization only covered narrow ecological conditions. We undertook a field experiment in spring 2016 to overcome these limitations by placing four commercial Bombus impatiens colonies in each of 20 sites located along a gradient of agricultural intensity in southern Québec, Canada. We hypothesized that landscape habitat composition and configuration, as well as local floral resources, would affect colony development. We expected colonies surrounded by low‐intensity and/or flowering crops in heterogeneous landscapes to develop better and live longer, partly linked to more abundant and diversified food resources, than colonies embedded in landscapes dominated by high‐intensity crops. Colonies were weighed once a week, and workers were captured to assess pollen load diversity. Final colony weight, queen production, and presence of depredators (Aphomia sociella, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were also recorded. Landscape habitat composition and configuration were characterized within 1 km of colonies. Local availability of floral resources was assessed within 100 m of colonies every two weeks. As predicted, colony weight and longevity decreased with the proportion of intensive crops and increased with the amount of flowering crops, but queen production and the occurrence of A. sociella were not affected by landscape composition. Contrary to our prediction, local availability of floral resources also did not affect colonies. The pollen richness brought back to colonies decreased with the proportion of flowering crops and varied according to the proportion of intensive crops interacting with local floral resources. Our work contributes to generalize the more restrictive conclusion of local‐scale, crop‐specific studies that intensive crop farming undermines bumble bee colony development and that it may thus play a role in the large‐scale population decline of these insects.
Prednisone and azathioprine in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Timmermans Philippe , Barradas‐Pires Ana , Ali Omar , Henkens Michiel , Heymans Stephane , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsChronic non‐viral myocarditis, also called inflammatory cardiomyopathy, can be treated with immune suppression on tops of optimal medical therapy (OMT) for heart failure, using a combination of prednisolone and azathioprine (IPA). However, there has been inconsistency in the effects of immunosuppression treatment. This meta‐analysis is the first to evaluate all available data of the effect of this treatment on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the combined clinical endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and/or heart transplantation‐free survival.Methods and resultsAll trials with using IPA vs. OMT in this syndrome were searched using OVID Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov, following the PRISMA guidelines. Missing data were retrieved after contacting the corresponding authors. All data was reviewed and analysed using and standard meta‐analysis methods. A random effect model was used to pool the effect sizes. A total of four trials (three randomised controlled trials and one propensity‐matched retrospective registry) including 369 patients were identified. IPA on top of OMT did not improve LVEF [mean difference 9.9% (95% confidence interval −1.8, 21.7)] with significant heterogeneity. When we limited our pooled estimate to the published studies only, significant LVEF improvement by IPA was observed [14% (1.4, 26.6)]. No cardiovascular mortality benefit was observed with the intervention [risk ratio 0.34 (0.08, 1.51)].ConclusionsAt the moment, there is insufficient evidence supporting functional and prognostic benefits of IPA added to OMT in virus negative inflammatory positive cardiomyopathy. Further adequate‐powered well‐designed prospective RCTs should be warranted to explore the potential effects of adding immunosuppressive therapy to OMT.
Dysregulation in B‐cell responses and T follicular helper cell function in ADA2 deficiency patients
Authors: Schena Francesca , Penco Federica , Volpi Stefano , Pastorino Claudia , Caorsi Roberta , Kalli Francesca , Fenoglio Daniela , Salis Annalisa , Bertoni Arinna , Prigione Ignazia , Bocca Paola , Insalaco Antonella , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Antonini Francesca , Grossi Alice , Signa Sara , Damonte Gianluca , Ceccherini Isabella , Filaci Gilberto , Traggiai Elisabetta , Gattorno Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (DADA2) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory vasculopathy, early strokes associated often with hypogammaglobulinemia. Pure red cell aplasia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia have been reported. The defect is due to biallelic loss of function of ADA2 gene, coding for a protein known to regulate the catabolism of extracellular adenosine. We therefore investigated immune phenotype and B‐ and T‐cell responses in 14 DADA2 patients to address if ADA2 mutation affects B‐ and T‐cell function.Here, we show a significant decrease in memory B cells, in particular class switch memory, and an expansion of CD21low B cells in DADA2 patients. In vitro stimulated B lymphocytes were able to secrete nonfunctional ADA2 protein, suggesting a cell intrinsic defect resulting in an impairment of B‐cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were diminished; however, the frequency of circulating T follicular helper cells was significantly increased but they had an impairment in IL‐21 production possibly contributing to an impaired B cell help. Our findings suggest that ADA2 mutation could lead to a B‐cell intrinsic defect but also to a defective Tfh cell function, which could contribute to the immunodeficient phenotype reported in DADA2 patients.