bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optogenetics inspired transition metal dichalcogenide neuristors for in-memory deep recurrent neural networks
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Acharya Jyotibdha , Zhu Chao , Surendran Abhijith , Bose Sumon Kumar , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Tiwari Nidhi , Gao Yang , He Yongmin , Zhang Keke K. , Xu Manzhang , Leong Wei Lin , Liu Zheng , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShallow feed-forward networks are incapable of addressing complex tasks such as natural language processing that require learning of temporal signals. To address these requirements, we need deep neuromorphic architectures with recurrent connections such as deep recurrent neural networks. However, the training of such networks demand very high precision of weights, excellent conductance linearity and low write-noise- not satisfied by current memristive implementations. Inspired from optogenetics, here we report a neuromorphic computing platform comprised of photo-excitable neuristors capable of in-memory computations across 980 addressable states with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 77. The large linear dynamic range, low write noise and selective excitability allows high fidelity opto-electronic transfer of weights with a two-shot write scheme, while electrical in-memory inference provides energy efficiency. This method enables implementing a memristive deep recurrent neural network with twelve trainable layers with more than a million parameters to recognize spoken commands with >90% accuracy.
Coherent transport through a Majorana island in an Aharonov–Bohm interferometer
Authors: Whiticar A. M. , Fornieri A. , O’Farrell E. C. T. , Drachmann A. C. C. , Wang T. , Thomas C. , Gronin S. , Kallaher R. , Gardner G. C. , Manfra M. J. , Marcus C. M. , Nichele F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMajorana zero modes are leading candidates for topological quantum computation due to non-local qubit encoding and non-abelian exchange statistics. Spatially separated Majorana modes are expected to allow phase-coherent single-electron transport through a topological superconducting island via a mechanism referred to as teleportation. Here we experimentally investigate such a system by patterning an elongated epitaxial InAs-Al island embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer. With increasing parallel magnetic field, a discrete sub-gap state in the island is lowered to zero energy yielding persistent 1e-periodic Coulomb blockade conductance peaks (e is the elementary charge). In this condition, conductance through the interferometer is observed to oscillate in a perpendicular magnetic field with a flux period of h/e (h is Planck’s constant), indicating coherent transport of single electrons through the islands, a signature of electron teleportation via Majorana modes.
Alterations of gut microbiota contribute to the progression of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Haochen , Li Youxiang , Jiang Yuhua , Hu Yamin , Liu Tingting , Tian Xueqing , Zhao Xihai , Zhu Yandong , Wang Shuxia , Zhang Chunrui , Ge Jing , Wang Xuliang , Wen Hongyan , Bai Congxia , Sun Yingying , Song Li , Zhang Yinhui , Hui Rutai , Cai Jun , Chen Jingzhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is a life-threatening cerebrovascular condition. Whether changes in gut microbial composition participate in the development of UIAs remains largely unknown. We perform a case-control metagenome-wide association study in two cohorts of Chinese UIA patients and control individuals and mice that receive fecal transplants from human donors. After fecal transplantation, the UIA microbiota is sufficient to induce UIAs in mice. We identify UIA-associated gut microbial species link to changes in circulating taurine. Specifically, the abundance of Hungatella hathewayi is markedly decreased and positively correlated with the circulating taurine concentration in both humans and mice. Consistently, gavage with H. hathewayi normalizes the taurine levels in serum and protects mice against the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Taurine supplementation also reverses the progression of intracranial aneurysms. Our findings provide insights into a potential role of H. hathewayi-associated taurine depletion as a key factor in the pathogenesis of UIAs.
Long-term monitoring of the Iberian ibex population in the Sierra Nevada of the southeast Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Granados José Enrique , Ros-Candeira Andrea , Pérez-Luque Antonio Jesús , Moreno-Llorca Ricardo , Cano-Manuel Francisco Javier , Fandos Paulino , Soriguer Ramón C. , Cerrato José Espinosa , Jiménez Jesús María Pérez , Ramos Blanca , Zamora Regino 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis dataset provides long-term information on the presence of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanicaSchimper, 1848) in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula). Data on the abundance and demographic structure of the Iberian ibex population were compiled over the last three decades. Transects were laid out to record different variables such as the number of individuals sighted, the perpendicular distance of each group of Iberian ibex to the transect line and sex as well as age of individuals in the case of males. These data enabled the calculation of population parameters such as density, sex ratio, birth rate, and age structure. These parameters are key for Iberian ibex conservation and management, given that Sierra Nevada harbours the largest population of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The data set we present is structured using the Darwin Core biological standard, which contains 3,091 events (582 transect walk events and 2,509 group sighting events), 5,396 occurrences, and 2,502 measurements. The occurrences include the sightings of 11,436 individuals (grouped by sex and age) from 1993 to 2018 in a total of 88 transects distributed along Sierra Nevada, of which 33 have been continuously sampled since 2008.
Rosmarinic Acid Exhibits Anticancer Effects via MARK4 Inhibition
Authors: Anwar Saleha , Shamsi Anas , Shahbaaz Mohd , Queen Aarfa , Khan Parvez , Hasan Gulam Mustafa , Islam Asimul , Alajmi Mohamed F. , Hussain Afzal , Ahmad Faizan , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrotubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK4) is a potential drug target for different types of cancer as it controls the early step of cell division. In this study, we have screened a series of natural compounds and finally identified rosmarinic acid (RA) as a potential inhibitor of MARK4. Molecular docking and 500 ns all-atom simulation studies suggested that RA binds to the active site pocket of MARK4, forming enough number of non-covalent interactions with critical residues and MARK4-RA complex is stable throughout the simulation trajectory. RA shows an excellent binding affinity to the MARK4 with a binding constant (K) of 107 M−1. Furthermore, RA significantly inhibits MARK4 activity (IC50 = 6.204 µM). The evaluation of enthalpy change (∆H) and entropy change (∆S) suggested that the MARK4-RA complex formation is driven by hydrogen bonding and thus complexation process is seemingly specific. The consequence of MARK4 inhibition by RA was further evaluated by cell-based tau-phosphorylation studies, which suggested that RA inhibited the phosphorylation of tau. The treatment of cancer cells with RA significantly controls cell growth and subsequently induces apoptosis. Our study provides a rationale for the therapeutic evaluation of RA and RA-based inhibitors in MARK4 associated cancers and other diseases.
Variation in RARG increases susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Christidi Effimia , Huang Haojun , Shafaattalab Sanam , Maillet Agnes , Lin Eric , Huang Kate , Laksman Zachary , Davis Margot K. , Tibbits Glen F. , Brunham Liam R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug used to treat a variety of cancer types. However, its use is limited by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). A missense variant in the RARG gene (S427L; rs2229774) has been implicated in susceptibility to DIC in a genome wide association study. The goal of this study was to investigate the functional role of this RARG variant in DIC. We used induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients treated with doxorubicin. iPSC-CMs from individuals who experienced DIC (cases) showed significantly greater sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to iPSC-CMs from doxorubicin-treated individuals who did not develop DIC (controls) in cell viability and optical mapping experiments. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated isogenic cell lines that differed only at the RARG locus. Genetic correction of RARG-S427L to wild type resulted in reduced doxorubicin-induced double stranded DNA breaks, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death. Conversely, introduction of RARG-S427L increased susceptibility to doxorubicin. Finally, genetic disruption of the RARG gene resulted in protection from cell death due to doxorubicin treatment. Our findings suggest that the presence of RARG-S427L increases sensitivity to DIC, establishing a direct, causal role for this variant in DIC.
Amylin and beta amyloid proteins interact to form amorphous heterocomplexes with enhanced toxicity in neuronal cells
Authors: Bharadwaj Prashant , Solomon Tanya , Sahoo Bikash R. , Ignasiak Katarzyna , Gaskin Scott , Rowles Joanne , Verdile Giuseppe , Howard Mark J. , Bond Charles S. , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy , Martins Ralph N. , Newsholme Philip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and beta amyloid (Aβ) can accumulate in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and evidence suggests that interaction between the two amyloidogenic proteins can lead to the formation of heterocomplex aggregates. However, the structure and consequences of the formation of these complexes remains to be determined. The main objective of this study was to characterise the different types and morphology of Aβ-hIAPP heterocomplexes and determine if formation of such complexes exacerbate neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that hIAPP promotes Aβ oligomerization and formation of small oligomer and large aggregate heterocomplexes. Co-oligomerized Aβ42-hIAPP mixtures displayed distinct amorphous structures and a 3-fold increase in neuronal cell death as compared to Aβ and hIAPP alone. However, in contrast to hIAPP, non-amyloidogenic rat amylin (rIAPP) reduced oligomer Aβ-mediated neuronal cell death. rIAPP exhibited reductions in Aβ induced neuronal cell death that was independent of its ability to interact with Aβ and form heterocomplexes; suggesting mediation by other pathways. Our findings reveal distinct effects of IAPP peptides in modulating Aβ aggregation and toxicity and provide new insight into the potential pathogenic effects of Aβ-IAPP hetero-oligomerization and development of IAPP based therapies for AD and T2D.
Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors
Authors: Rodriguez-Rabassa Mary , Hernandez Ruthmarie , Rodriguez Zindie , Colon-Echevarria Claudia B. , Maldonado Lizette , Tollinchi Nelmit , Torres-Marrero Estefania , Mulero Adnil , Albors Daniela , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Flores Idhaliz , Dutil Julie , Jim Heather , Castro Eida M. , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation on the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress, and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer survivors in PR. This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer survivors (n = 50) and non-cancer participants (n = 50) completed psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were used to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Among this cohort, we identified 41 matched cancer survivors/non-cancer participants pairs. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational, and regression analyses. Cancer survivors that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were directly associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer survivor, predicted more barriers to receiving health care, especially in the first six weeks after the event, after which the effect was attenuated. Several inflammatory cytokines, such as CD31, BDNF, TFF3, Serpin E-1, VCAM-1, Vitamin D BP, and PDGF-AA, were significantly upregulated in cancer survivors while MMP9 and Osteopontin both had significant positive correlations with barriers to care. HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer survivors had significant barriers to care and showed increased serum inflammatory cytokines but did not show differences in anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer participants.
Estimation of homeostatic dysregulation and frailty using biomarker variability: a principal component analysis of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Nakazato Yuichi , Sugiyama Tomoko , Ohno Rena , Shimoyama Hirofumi , Leung Diana L. , Cohen Alan A. , Kurane Riichi , Hirose Satoru , Watanabe Akihisa , Shimoyama Hiromi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreased intraindividual variability in several biological parameters is associated with aspects of frailty and may reflect impaired physiological regulation. As frailty involves a cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems, we aimed to estimate the overall regulatory capacity by applying a principal component analysis to such variability. The variability of 20 blood-based parameters was evaluated as the log-transformed coefficient of variation (LCV) for one year’s worth of data from 580 hemodialysis patients. All the LCVs were positively correlated with each other and shared common characteristics. In a principal component analysis of 19 LCVs, the first principal component (PC1) explained 27.7% of the total variance, and the PC1 score exhibited consistent correlations with diverse negative health indicators, including diabetes, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and relative hypocreatininemia. The relationship between the PC1 score and frailty was subsequently examined in a subset of the subjects. The PC1 score was associated with the prevalence of frailty and was an independent predictor for frailty (odds ratio per SD: 2.31, P = 0.01) using a multivariate logistic regression model, which showed good discrimination (c-statistic: 0.85). Therefore, the PC1 score represents principal information shared by biomarker variabilities and is a reasonable measure of homeostatic dysregulation and frailty.
Unique Genetic Characteristics and Clinical Prognosis of Female Patients with Lung Cancer Harboring RET Fusion Gene
Authors: Qiu Zhixin , Ye Bingwei , Wang Ke , Zhou Ping , Zhao Shuang , Li Weimin , Tian Panwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives: Since no report on the genetic characteristics of RET fusions in female patients with lung cancer is available, this study revealed the genetic and prognostic characteristics of female patients with lung cancer harboring RET fusion gene for the first time. Materials and Methods: The molecular portfolios of 1,652 patients with lung cancer who underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for screening candidate oncogenic drivers in their histological specimens from January 2016 to December 2018 were investigated in this study. Results: RET fusions were identified in 23 cases, 15 females [2.2% (15/685)] and eight males [0.9% (8/902)]. The most common fusions were KIF5B–RET in females [80% (12/15)] and CCDC6–RET in males [50% (4/8)], along with some rare RET fusions, including SLC39A8–RET, ITIH2–RET, FYCO1–RET and SLC25A36–RET in females, and MIR3924–RET, ZBTB41–RET and ITGA8–RET in males. Interestingly, the highly positive, moderate positive, and negative rates of PD–L1 staining in females were 33.3%, 8.3% and 58.3%, respectively; whereas those in males were 0%, 57.1% and 42.9%. Additionally, the progression-free survival (PFS) of stage IV patients was comparatively shorter in females, shown by the medians of 4.0 months in females and 6.0 months in males (P = 0.029). A 43-year-old female patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, who harbored KIF5B–RET fusion and had highly positive PD–L1 staining, received nivolumab as second-line treatment. A partial response was achieved and remained for more than five months. Conclusion: Unique genetic characteristics and poor prognosis are found in female patients with lung cancer harboring RET fusion gene. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a potential option for patients with high expression of PD–L1.
Sexual differences in age-dependent survival and life span of adults in a natural butterfly population
Authors: Sielezniew Marcin , Kostro-Ambroziak Agata , Kőrösi Ádám 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdult survival and longevity in insects are key life-history traits, but their variation between sexes and individuals in natural populations is largely unexplored. Sexual divergence in senescence, the decline in survival with age is also poorly understood. Based on an intensive mark-recapture dataset of the butterflyPolyommatus daphnis, we aimed to assess whether adult survival is age-dependent, and to estimate life span distribution and abundance of males and females using Cormack-Jolly-Seber and Jolly-Seber models. Female survival slightly increased with date of emergence and slightly decreased with age, while male survival considerably declined with age. Mean life span of females (12.7 days) was ~50% higher than that of males (8.5 days), but two times higher if only the oldest 5% of each sex was considered (39 vs.19 days). Abundance of females (358 ± 14) and males (359 ± 11) was similar, but peak abundance of males preceded that of females by 11 days. Our results suggest that senescence is much more rapid in males than in females in this butterfly, which is in agreement with sexual selection theory. We also conclude that estimating life span distributions provides much more valuable information on the demography of natural populations than simply reporting the mean life span.
Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of ripasudil in uveitic glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma, and steroid-induced glaucoma patients: ROCK-S, a multicentre historical cohort study
Authors: Futakuchi Akiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Ikeda Yoko , Tanihara Hidenobu , Inoue Toshihiro ,   ROCK-S study group collaborators, Aihara Makoto , Arimura Shogo , Fukuchi Takeo , Higashide Tomomi , Honjo Megumi , Inatani Masaru , Inoue Kenji , Ishida Kyoko , Ishikawa Makoto , Iwao Keiichiro , Kakimoto Hiroshi , Kawase Kazuhide , Kimura Akitoshi , Kinoshita Shigeru , Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Kokubun Taiki , Maekawa Shigeto , Miyata Kazunori , Mori Kazuhiko , Nakakura Shunsuke , Nakamura Natsuko , Nakamura Makoto , Nakazawa Toru , Namba Kenichi , Nishida Takashi , Ohguro Nobuyuki , Ohtani Shinichiro , Okumichi Hideaki , Sakamoto Mari , Sawada Akira , Shiokawa Minako , Sotozono Chie , Suetake Aki , Sugiyama Kazuhisa , Takemoto Yuko , Tokumo Kana , Tomita Goji , Tsuzaki Satsuki , Udagawa Sachiko , Ueno Morio , Yokoyama Yu , Yoshitomi Takeshi , Yuasa Yuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ripasudil for treatment of secondary glaucoma, a historical cohort study was conducted at 18 centres in Japan. Adults (age ≥20 years) who needed additional IOP reduction and received topical 0.4% ripasudil between 2014 and 2018 due to three secondary glaucoma subtypes, including uveitic glaucoma (UG), exfoliation glaucoma (EG) or steroid-induced glaucoma (SG) were assessed for mean IOP change from baseline prior to additional treatment with ripasudil. We further evaluated the IOP change in each glaucoma subtype, baseline characteristics of each cohort, course of uveitis-induced inflammation in UG eyes, and proportion of patients in each cohort with adverse events. In 332 eyes from 332 patients eligible for this study, the mean overall IOP reductions from baseline at 1, 3, and 6 months were −5.86 ± 9.04 mmHg (−19.4 ± 25.1%), −6.18 ± 9.03 mmHg (−20.0 ± 27.1%), and −7.00 ± 8.60 mmHg (−23.4 ± 25.6%), respectively. These changes were all statistically significant. Of 332 eyes, 109 eyes had UG, 181 had EG, and 42 eyes had SG. The IOP-lowering effects of ripasudil in UG and SG were significantly greater than those of EG at every time point. This finding could have been related to higher baseline IOP levels in UG and SG. UG patients exhibited significant decreases in mean cell score of the anterior segment after ripasudil treatment. No severe adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that treatment with ripasudil is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for IOP reduction in secondary glaucoma.
Switch of macrophage fusion competency by 3D matrices
Authors: Fang Josephine Y. , Yang Zhi , Han Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForeign body reaction reflects the integration between biomaterials and host cells. At the implantation microenvironment, macrophages usually fuse into multinuclear cells, also known as foreign body giant cells, to respond to the biomaterial implants. To understand the biomaterial-induced macrophage fusion, we examined whether biomaterial alone can initiate and control the fusion rate without exogenous cytokines and chemicals. We introduced a collagen-based 3D matrix to embed Raw264.7 cell line and primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found the biomaterial-stimuli interacted regional macrophages and altered the overall fusogenic protein expressions to regulate the macrophage fusion rate. The fusion rate could be altered by modulating the cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. The fused macrophage morphologies, the nuclei number in the fused macrophage, and the fusion rates were matrix dependent. The phenomena were also observed in thein vivomodels. These results suggest that the biomaterial-derived stimuli exert similar functions as cytokines to alter the competency of macrophage fusion as well as their drug sensitivity in the biomaterial implanted tissue environment. Furthermore, thisin vitro3D-matrix model has the potential to serve as a toolbox to predict the host tissue response on implanted biomaterials.
Impact failure in two silicates revealed by ultrafast, in situ, synchrotron X-ray microscopy
Authors: Bourne N. K. , Mirihanage W. U. , Olbinado M. P. , Rack A. , Rau C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo travel safely behind screens that can protect us from stones and hail, we must understand the response of glass to impact. However, without a means to observe the mechanisms that fail different silicate architectures, engineering has relied on external sensors, post-impact examination and best-guess to glaze our vehicles. We have used single and multi-bunch, X-ray imaging to differentiate distinct phases of failure in two silicates. We identified distinct micromechanisms, operating in tandem and leading to failure in borosilicate glass and Z-cut quartz. A surface zone in the amorphous glass densifies before bulk fracture occurs and then fails the block, whilst in quartz, fast cracks, driven down cleavage planes, fails the bulk. Varying the rate at which ejecta escapes by using different indenter tip geometries controls the failed target’s bulk strength. This opens the way to more physically based constitutive descriptions for the glasses allowing design of safer, composite panels by controlling the impulses felt by protective screens.