bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN SEKOLAH ALAM DI DESA SILLU, KUPANG
Authors: Wonoseputro Christine , Wijanto Stefanny 
Published: November 2019

Dalam meyelesaikan pendidikan Strata 1 sebagai mahasiswa di Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra mewajibkan mahasiswa untuk mengalami proses belajar dengan metode Service Learning (SL). Semenjak tahun 2010, pengalaman belajar dengan metode ini agaknya telah memberikan sebuah wacana baru bagi setiap mahasiswa Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra. Kegiatan ini telah mengetuk kepedulian mahasiswa untuk mengangkat masalah – masalah yang ditemukan di lapangan dan ditindaklanjuti dalam bentuk sebuah gagasan pengembangan desain. Sebuah perancangan sekolah terpadu berbasiskan metode sekolah alam yang digagas oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir di program studi Arsitektur, digagas sebagai sebuah pengejahwantahan pengalaman belajar metode SL bersama komunitas nyata di lapangan, yang diharapkan mampu memberikan sumbangsih bagi perkembangan di Desa Sillu. Perancangan Sekolah Alam di Desa Silu ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gagasan akan pengelolaan sumber daya lingkungan baik manusia, alam maupun sumber daya buatan ( bangunan / arsitektur ) itu sendiri sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat setempat yang masih berada di bawah garis kemiskinan dengan tidak mengesampingkan kearifan lokal yang ada di tengah masyarakat Sillu sendiri
Chemosensory Systems
Authors: Spielman Andrew I , Ozdener Mehmet H , Brand Joseph G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Chemosensory systems are highly specialised sensory systems of which taste and smell are prototypical examples. Taste, primarily, but olfaction as well, are screening mechanisms for potentially useful/harmful compounds. The variety of compounds we can detect dictates the diversity of signalling mechanisms. Sweet, bitter, umami and olfaction are mediated through an array of specialised G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Sour and salty taste are ion‐channel mediated. Taste is innate and, at least for sweet and bitter, uses the labelled line principle for central projections. While peripheral taste receptors are fast overturning epithelial cells, olfactory receptor cells are neuronal in origin and thus slower to turn over. This explains the difference in their vulnerability.

Key Concepts

Taste receptor cells are epithelial and turn over fast.

Olfactory receptor cells are neuronal and are prone to damage, a reason taste disorders are rare and olfactory deficiency is frequent
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article‐abstract/619670
.

Taste receptors in the tongue have a role to detect the taste chemicals, though bitter and sweet taste receptors (chemoreceptors) act as antibacterial sentinels outside the gustatory system throughout the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.

Olfactory receptor cells are distributed throughout the body as chemoreceptors of volatile compounds.

Taste and smell are screening mechanisms and provide a survival benefit.
Calcium Channel Diversity
Authors: Dolphin Annette C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) open as a result of plasma membrane depolarisation. When open, they allow Ca
2+
ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Different VGCCs can be distinguished both physiologically and pharmacologically in native tissues. There are ten mammalian genes encoding Ca
2+
channel α
1
subunits, and these map well on to the endogenous channels identified by electrophysiological studies. The subunit composition of the channel complexes, and the role of the auxiliary subunits, is also discussed. Information from structure–function studies and from structural biology is able to provide insight into the mechanism of action of these channels, for example regarding gating and ion selectivity. The different channels have widely divergent tissue distributions and their distinctive individual properties allow them to fulfil many and varied functions. There are also several forms of second messenger‐mediated modulation of the different channels, including regulation by G proteins and by Ca
2+
‐calmodulin.

Key Concepts

VGCCs, when open, allow Ca
2+
ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient.

Opening of VGCCs occurs in response to membrane depolarisation sensed by the S4 voltage sensors.

The exquisite selectivity of VGCCs for Ca
2+
is a result of the presence of four glutamate (or aspartate) residues in the selectivity filter of the pore, whose side chains coordinate Ca
2+
.

VGCCs are usually complexes of multiple subunits: α
1
, which comprises the channel itself, associated with auxiliary subunits, α
2
δ and β. A γ subunit is also present in the skeletal muscle channel complex.

There are ten mammalian VGCC α
1
subunits: four Ca
V
1 channels are termed L‐type, three Ca
V
2 channels are termed P/Q, N, and R; and three Ca
V
3 channels are termed T‐type.

The α
2
δ and β auxiliary subunits increase channel trafficking and affect Ca
V
1 and Ca
V
2 channel properties.

The Ca
V
3 T‐type channels do not associate with auxiliary subunits.

Inhibitory modulation of Ca
V
2 channels by G‐protein coupled receptors is mediated by Gβγ subunits which act in a voltage‐dependent manner.
Evolution of Plant Rooting Systems
Authors: Hetherington Alexander J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The evolution of rooting systems was essential for the diversification of land plants enabling plants to uptake essential water and nutrients and providing stable anchorage for ever‐larger herbaceous plants and subsequently the advent of trees. To understand how roots evolved, it is essential to combine studies of both fossil and living plants, and by doing this, we can identify three major steps in rooting system evolution. First, during land plant evolution, there was a switch between the primary rooting systems of plants from rhizoid‐based systems developing on the gametophyte stage of the life cycle, to specialised roots that developed on the sporophyte stage. Second, roots evolved independently in the two major lineages of vascular plants, lycophytes and euphyllophytes. Third, root evolution in the lycophyte lineage occurred in a gradual fashion from rhizoid‐based systems, through specialised rooting axes finally to roots.

Key Concepts

The evolution of roots was essential for the evolution of plant life and also made major changes to the Earth system.

Early diverging bryophytes develop a rhizoid‐based rooting system on their free‐living gametophyte stage.

The common ancestor of vascular plants is predicted to develop a rhizoid‐based rooting system on both the sporophyte and gametophyte generation.

Plant roots evolved independently in the lycophytes and euphyllophyte lineage.

Exceptionally well‐preserved fossils from the 407 million‐year‐old Rhynie chert shed light on the stepwise evolution of plant roots in the lycophyte lineages.
Designing High‐Performance LED Phosphors by Controlling the Phase Stability via a Heterovalent Substitution Strategy
Authors: Cheng Chen , Ning Lixin , Ke Xiaoxing , Molokeev Maxim S. , Wang Zelin , Zhou Guojun , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are currently playing key roles in the lighting and display industries and trigger urgent demands for the discovery of “good” phosphors with high quantum efficiency, improved thermal stability, and controllable excitation/emission properties. Herein, a general and efficient heterovalent substitution strategy is demonstrated in K2HfSi3O9:Eu2+achieved by Ln3+(Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, and Lu) doping to optimize luminescence properties, and as an example, the Lu3+substitution leads to improvement of emission intensity and thermal stability, as well as tunable emission color from blue to cyan. The structural stability and Eu2+occupation via Lu3+doping have been revealed by the structural elaboration and density functional theory calculations, respectively. It is shown that heterovalent substitution allows predictive control of site preference of luminescent centers and therefore provides a new method to optimize the solid‐state phosphors for LEDs.
Construction of Fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] Skeletons by Tandem Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition/O‐H Insertion/Ester Exchange of Cyclopropanes with Diazocarbonyls
Authors: Xia Miao‐Miao , Song Le‐Le , Li Feng‐Xing , Hou Yan‐Ni , Shi Zi‐Fa , Cao Xiao‐Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA Lewis acid promoted tandem reaction of intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition/O−H insertion/ester exchange of cyclopropanes with diazocarbonyls is reported to synthesize fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] skeletons, which tolerates both aryl and alkyl diazocarbonyl substrates. A wide variety of fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] skeletons were efficiently constructed.magnified image
Computational Investigation of the Adsorption of Polyalkylene Glycols on Copper Surfaces for Copper Electrodeposition
Authors: Schmidt Ralf , Knaup Jan Michael , von Horsten Hermann Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdsorption of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) at the copper–water interface are studied in terms of simulations. The results are compared to spectroscopic data from available literature and reveal different contributions to the binding mode at the interface. The alignment of the polymers is determined by the interactions to both chloride‐covered copper surfaces and water. Adsorption is accompanied by conformational changes along the backbones of the molecules, which allow the observed alignment. Free energy surfaces of polymer fractions with copper ions reveal the formation of complexes with cuprous ions and support literature‐known experimental data that suggests contribution of such complexes to the adsorption. The detailed understanding of the binding mechanism of polyalkylene glycols to copper surfaces that results from this work is of crucial importance for the development of novel organic additives for electrolytic copper deposition, especially for demanding semiconductor applications.
An “Amyloid‐β Cleaner” for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Normalizing Microglial Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Yang Jun , Liu Linying , Lu Zhiguo , Shi Zhuyan , Ji Weihong , Shen Jie , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and memory loss. The vicious circle between dysfunctional microglia and amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a crucial pathological event and accelerates the progression of AD. Herein, a zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB)‐based nanoparticle (MCPZFS NP) with normalizing the dysfunctional microglia and Aβ recruitment is established for the treatment of AD. Compared with the neural polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based nanoparticles (MEPZFS NPs), the MCPZFS NPs significantly alleviate the priming of microglia by decreasing the level of proinflammatory mediators and promoting the secretion of BDNF. Most importantly, quite different from PEG, the PCB‐based NPs exhibit the behavior to recruit Aβ into microglia, which significantly enhances the Aβ phagocytosis. Moreover, the Aβ degradation is changed from the conventional lysosomal/autophagy to the proteasomal pathway in the presence of MCPZFS NPs. After the treatment with MCPZFS NPs, the Aβ burden, neuron damages, memory deficits, and neuroinflammation of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice are significantly attenuated in the brain. Therefore, the PCB‐based MCPZFS NPs have great potential to serve as an “Aβ cleaner” and provide a new insight into the therapeutic strategy for AD therapy.
Improving Electrochemical Stability and Low‐Temperature Performance with Water/Acetonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Vatamanu Jenel , Xing Lidan , Borodin Oleg , Chen Huiyang , Guan Xiongcong , Liu Xiang , Xu Kang , Li Weishan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough the “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte has significantly expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes from 1.23 to 3 V, its inevitable hydrogen evolution under 1.9 V versus Li+/Li prevents the practical use of many energy‐dense anodes. Meanwhile, its liquidus temperature at 17 °C restricts its application below ambient temperatures. An advanced hybrid electrolyte is proposed in this work by introducing acetonitrile (AN) as co‐solvent, which minimizes the presence of interfacial water at the negatively charged electrode surface, and generates a thin and uniform interphase consisting of an organic outer layer based on nitrile (CN) and sulfamide (R‐S‐N‐S) species and an inner layer rich in LiF. Such an interphase significantly suppresses water reduction and expands the electrochemical stability window to an unprecedented width of 4.5 V. Thanks to the low freezing point (−48 °C) and low viscosity of AN, the hybrid electrolyte is highly conductive in a wide temperature range, and enables a LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 full cell at both ambient and sub‐ambient temperatures with excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Meanwhile, such a hybrid electrolyte also inherits the nonflammable nature of aqueous electrolyte. The well‐balanced merits of the developed electrolyte make it suitable for high energy density aqueous batteries.
Fatherhood, egalitarianism, and child health in two small‐scale societies in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Boyette Adam H. , Lew‐Levy Sheina , Sarma Mallika S. , Valchy Miegakanda , Gettler Lee T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe study goals were to (a) characterize the cultural model of fatherhood among the BaYaka, a community of egalitarian foragers in the Republic of the Congo; (b) test if BaYaka fathers' quality in relation to the cultural model predicts their children's energetic status; and (c) compare the variance in BaYaka children's energetic status to that of children of neighboring Bondongo fisher‐farmers, among whom there is less cooperative caregiving, less resource sharing, and greater social inequality.MethodsWe used informal interviews to establish the cultural model of fatherhood, which we used to build a peer ranking task to quantify father quality. Children's energetic status was assessed by measuring height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness. We then tested for associations between father quality scores derived from the ranking task and children's energetic status using ordinary least squares regression. Equality of variance tests were used to compare BaYaka and Bondongo children's energetic statuses.ResultsThe BaYaka described fathers as responsible for acquiring resources and maintaining marital harmony, welcoming others to the community and sharing well with them, and teaching their children about the forest. Agreement on men's quality in these domains was high, but father quality did not significantly predict children's energetic status. BaYaka children had lower variance in energetic status overall compared to Bondongo children.ConclusionsWe suggest that the core BaYaka values and practices that maintain egalitarian social relations and distribution of resources help buffer children's health and well‐being from variation in their fathers' qualities in culturally valued domains.
External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition
Authors: Lizana Pablo A. , Hormazabal‐Peralta Alonso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesExternal skeletal robustness has been decreasing in children, potentially due to a lack of physical activity and the increased prevalence of obesity. However, whether socioeconomic status (SES) influences external skeletal robustness in adolescents has not yet been examined.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed to examine 370 Chilean adolescents (16.15 ± 1.01 years old) recruited from distinct educational establishments. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated using Ellis' equations for Hispanic children. Obesity was defined as ≥25 BF% in males and ≥ 30 BF% in females. External skeletal robustness was obtained by measuring the humerus biepicondylar width and height (Frame‐Index). SES was obtained through the ESOMAR survey.ResultsFemales exhibited significantly greater BF% and lower Frame‐Index values than males (P < .001). Obese adolescents (by BF%) had greater Frame‐Index values than non‐obese adolescents (P < .001). Females of medium‐high SES had significantly lower BF% and Frame‐Index values than females of medium and medium‐low SES. BF% had a positive correlation with Frame‐Index values in all SES groups studied, except in males of medium‐high SES. As SES decreased, the correlation increased in both sexes, but overall, the correlation was greater in females than males.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation suggest that obesity increases external skeletal robustness in adolescents. Additionally, lower SES corresponded to higher BF% and Frame‐Index values. Therefore, modern conditions that influence the prevalence of obesity in adolescence could be affecting bone health in adolescents, primarily in females of medium‐low SES.
Das Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium‐Ion im neuen Licht betrachtet
Authors: Olaru Marian , Mischin Alexandra , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDas Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium‐Ion, [Fc2P]+, wurde von Cowley et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 714–715) als Donor‐freies, divalentes Phosphenium‐Ion beschrieben. Unsere Untersuchung der molekularen und elektronischen Struktur zeigt, dass [Fc2P]+ bedeutende intramolekulare Fe⋅⋅⋅P‐Kontakte aufweist, die hauptsächlich elektrostatischer Natur sind und welche die Lewis‐Azidität reduzieren. Nichtsdestotrotz bildet [Fc2P]+ mit den Lewis‐Basen PPh3 und IPr die Donor‐Akzeptor‐Komplexe [Fc2P(PPh3)]+ und [Fc2P(IPr)]+ (IPr=1,3‐Bis(2,6‐di‐i‐propylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐yliden).
Understanding the Role of Internal Diffusion Barriers in Pt/Beta Zeolite Catalyzed Isomerization of n‐Heptane
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Li Xin , Hu Shen , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Coppens Marc‐Olivier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApplications of zeolites in catalysis are plagued by strong diffusion resistance, which results from limitations to molecular transport in micropores, across external crystal surfaces, but also across internal interfaces. The first type of diffusion resistance is well understood, the second is receiving increasing attention, while the diffusion barriers at internal interfaces remain largely unclear. We take Pt/Beta catalyzed isomerization of n‐heptane as the model system to explore the role of internal diffusion barriers in zeolite catalysis. The two as‐synthesized Pt/Beta catalysts have an identical Pt loading, similar Beta particle size and acidity, but different internal structures. A Pt/Beta crystal with no observable internal interfaces can be 180 % higher in activity and 22 % higher in selectivity than its counterpart with numerous internal interfaces. This can only be attributed to the strong transport barriers across internal interfaces, as supported by directly comparing the apparent diffusivities of the two Beta samples.
WPU/CB/GO nanocomposites: in situ polymerization preparation, thermal, and anticorrosion performance evaluation
Authors: Hou Liutong , Zhou Ming , Gu Yinhua , Chen Yiping 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, composite fillers including graphene oxide and carbon black had been applied to modify pure waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and a new nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polymerization, whose structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that demonstrated interfacial interactions existing between the filler particles and the hard segments of WPU chains. Meanwhile, thermal properties of prepared nanocomposites were enhanced after adding composite fillers as shown in the results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry curves, which could be explained by several factors including strong interface interaction between organic phase and inorganic phase verified by infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy, good dispersion and barrier effect of the composite fillers, reinforced crosslinking density of the system. Additionally, the contact angle and anticorrosion performance of the nanocomposite films were heightened after adding fillers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48716.
Promotion of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy by low Si3N4 whisker content and its mechanisms
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhang Dian , Liu Yijun , Liu Jing , Yang Xiaofeng , Gao Yunqin , Ma Aiqiong 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSi3N4 whisker (Si3N4w) is selected as epoxy filler. The influence of filler content on the bulk density, porosity, bending strength, Young's modulus, critical stress intensity factor, work of failure, morphologies of fracture surface, and thermal conductivity of Si3N4w/epoxy is investigated. The bending strength is 82.63 MPa at a Si3N4w content of 5 vol% and increases to 25.29% more than that of neat epoxy. Compared with that of neat epoxy, the work of failure and thermal conductivity increase by 455% and 34.78% to 18 248.92 J·m−2 and 0.31 W·m−1·K−1, respectively, at a Si3N4w content of 7 vol%. However, Si3N4w/epoxy becomes sensitive to precrack due to a weak CN bond and residual tensile stress at the interface, thereby resulting in the decline of critical stress intensity factor. The coexistence of various energy dissipation mechanisms, namely, steps, craters or depressions, stress whitening, plastic flow, pull out of Si3N4w, and rough fracture surface, is observed in Si3N4w/epoxy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48721.
Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Cui Jinfeng , Zhang Yabin , Wang Lurong , Liu He , Wang Niannian , Yang Baoping , Guo Junhong , Tian Li 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTTwo novel Salen‐DPCPs metal complexes (Salen‐DPCP‐1 and Salen‐DPCP‐2), containing both Salen‐Schiff base (Salen), phenyl phosphate structures (DPCP) and nickel component, were prepared to reduce fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP). The results showed that 5 wt % addition of Salen‐DPCP‐1 brought a higher flame‐retardant efficiency to the EP, where the V‐0 rating in UL‐94 burning test and 31.5% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) were achieved. Meanwhile, total heat release, total smoke production, and total CO yield dramatically decreased by 28.1, 23.6, and 21.4%. In addition, these results basically reappeared when Salen‐DPCP‐2 were introduced into EP to obtain Salen‐DPCP‐2/EP composites. Chemical structure and morphology characterization of the carbon residue confirmed that Salen‐DPCPs improved the catalytic charring ability and the noncombustible gas releasing ability by the Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy technology. Therefore, it is an efficient strategy to develop novel Salen composites modified by flame‐retardant groups to improve the fire rating of polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48734.