bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Bone Biopsy for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schechter Marcos C , Ali Mohammed K , Risk Benjamin B , Singer Adam D , Santamarina Gabriel , Rogers Hannah K , Rajani Ravi R , Umpierrez Guillermo , Fayfman Maya , Kempker Russell R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is the leading cause of lower extremity nontraumatic amputation globally, and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is usually the terminal event before limb loss. Although guidelines recommend percutaneous bone biopsy (PBB) for microbiological diagnosis of DFO in several common scenarios, it is unclear how frequently PBBs yield positive cultures and whether they cause harm or improve outcomes.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Trials databases for articles in any language published up to December 31, 2019, reporting the frequency of culture-positive PBBs. We calculated the pooled proportion of culture-positive PBBs using a random-effects meta-analysis model and reported on PBB-related adverse events, DFO outcomes, and antibiotic adjustment based on PBB culture results where available.

Results
Among 861 articles, 11 studies met inclusion criteria and included 780 patients with 837 PBBs. Mean age ranged between 56.6 and 71.0 years old. The proportion of males ranged from 62% to 86%. All studies were longitudinal observational cohorts, and 10 were from Europe. The range of culture-positive PBBs was 56%–99%, and the pooled proportion of PBBs with a positive culture was 84% (95% confidence interval, 73%–91%). There was heterogeneity between studies and no consistency in definitions used to define adverse events. Impact of PBB on DFO outcomes or antibiotic management were seldom reported.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests PBBs have a high yield of culture-positive results. However, this is an understudied topic, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and the current literature provides very limited data regarding procedure safety and impact on clinical outcomes or antibiotic management.
Recent advancements in PARP inhibitors-based targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Ping , Wang Justin , Mishail Daniel , Wang Cun-Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are a new class of agents with unparalleled clinical achievement for driving synthetic lethality in BRCA-deficient cancers. Recent FDA approval of PARPi has motivated clinical trials centered around the optimization of PARPi-associated therapies in a variety of BRCA-deficient cancers. This review highlights recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of PARP ‘trapping’ and synthetic lethality. Particular attention is placed on the potential extension of PARPi therapies from BRCA-deficient patients to populations with other homologous recombination-deficient backgrounds, and common characteristics of PARPi and non-homologous end-joining have been elucidated. The synergistic antitumor effect of combining PARPi with various immune checkpoint blockades has been explored to evaluate the potential of combination therapy in attaining greater therapeutic outcome. This has shed light onto the differing classifications of PARPi as well as the factors that result in altered PARPi activity. Lastly, acquired chemoresistance is a crucial issue for clinical application of PARPi. The molecular mechanisms underlying PARPi resistance and potential overcoming strategies are discussed.
Minimum Wages and Consumer Credit: Effects on Access and Borrowing
Authors: Dettling Lisa J , Hsu Joanne W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how minimum wages affect lender and borrower interactions with consumer credit markets. We find that higher state minimum wages increase the supply of unsecured credit, reduce payday loan usage, decrease delinquency, and increase credit scores. Overall, minimum wages reduce borrowing costs and have positive spillover effects on disposable income and liquidity. A back-of-the-envelope of the cost savings indicates that higher minimum wages increase disposable income by 1.3% more than implied by estimates of the direct effect on earnings.
Hemodynamic Response Function in Brain White Matter in a Resting State
Authors: Wang Ting , Wilkes D Mitchell , Li Muwei , Wu Xi , Gore John C , Ding Zhaohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The hemodynamic response function (HRF) characterizes temporal variations of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Although a variety of HRF models have been proposed for gray matter responses to functional demands, few studies have investigated HRF profiles in white matter particularly under resting conditions. In the present work we quantified the nature of the HRFs that are embedded in resting state BOLD signals in white matter, and which modulate the temporal fluctuations of baseline signals. We demonstrate that resting state HRFs in white matter could be derived by referencing to intrinsic avalanches in gray matter activities, and the derived white matter HRFs had reduced peak amplitudes and delayed peak times as compared with those in gray matter. Distributions of the time delays and correlation profiles in white matter depend on gray matter activities as well as white matter tract distributions, indicating that resting state BOLD signals in white matter encode neural activities associated with those of gray matter. This is the first investigation of derivations and characterizations of resting state HRFs in white matter and their relations to gray matter activities. Findings from this work have important implications for analysis of BOLD signals in the brain.
Temporal Learning Among Prefrontal and Striatal Ensembles
Authors: Emmons Eric , Tunes-Chiuffa Gabriela , Choi Jeeyu , Bruce R Austin , Weber Matthew A , Kim Youngcho , Narayanan Nandakumar S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBehavioral flexibility requires the prefrontal cortex and striatum, but it is unclear if these structures play similar or distinct roles in adapting to novel circumstances. Here, we investigate neuronal ensembles in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during one form of behavioral flexibility: learning a new temporal interval. We studied corticostriatal neuronal activity as rodents trained to respond after a 12-s fixed interval (FI12) learned to respond at a shorter 3-s fixed interval (FI3). On FI12 trials, we found that a key form of temporal processing—time-related ramping activity—decreased in the MFC but did not change in the DMS as animals learned to respond at a shorter interval. However, while MFC and DMS ramping was stable with successive days of two-interval performance, temporal decoding by DMS ensembles improved on FI3 trials. Finally, when comparing FI12 versus FI3 trials, we found that more DMS neurons than MFC neurons exhibited differential interval-related activity early in two-interval performance. These data suggest that the MFC and DMS play distinct roles during temporal learning and provide insight into corticostriatal circuits.
En Bloc Resection of Isolated Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Kieser David C. , Parker Jack , Reynolds Jeremy 
Published: August 2020

Study Design:
This work was a systematic review.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to review the literature on the outcomes of en bloc resection of isolated spinal metastasis.

Summary:
Of background data: En bloc resection of isolated spinal metastasis is rarely performed and its utility debated, with the last review of the literature being performed over a decade ago. With significant advances in adjunctive oncology treatments, an updated review of whether there remains a role for this type of surgery is necessary.

Methods:
The authors performed a systematic review of English literature over the last decade on en bloc resection of isolated spinal metastasis in adults using the PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID, and Cochrane database. They excluded studies with <5 reported cases. The studies were appraised by 2 coauthors and examined for the patient and tumor characteristics, surgical time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, cost, complications, functional outcomes, rates of local recurrence, metastasis, and survival.

Results:
Only 5 articles (148 patients) were included in this study. The average operative time was 6.5 hours, and estimated blood loss was 1742 mL. Only 73% of patients maintained their functional independence, but 35.1% experienced a complication, 6.1% had local recurrence, and the overall survival was 52% with an average time to death of 15 months.

Conclusions:
There remains a paucity of data limiting the understanding of the value of en bloc resection for isolated spinal metastasis. However, despite this limitation, our literature review suggests that en bloc resection offers a low local recurrence rate (6.1%) and maintained functional independence (73%), but requires long operative times (mean 6.5 h), causes significant blood loss (mean 1742 mL), and results in high complication rates (35.1%) with poor overall survival (52% with an average time to death of 15 mo).
Prediabetes and risk for myocardial infarction by hypertension status in a Chinese population: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiaoxue , Song Qiaofeng , Wu Shouling , Zhou Wenhua , Wang Xizhu 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Whether prediabetes alone or combined with hypertension is a more important risk factor for cardiovascular disease is controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine this association to fill the research gap.

Methods and results:
A total of 85 570 participants (mean age: 58.0 years) without diabetes and no previous myocardial infarction (MI) were recruited for this study. Participants were divided into four groups according to prediabetes status and were further stratified according to hypertension status. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression models. After a mean follow-up period of 11.0 years, 1122 (rate 1.19/1000 person-years) individuals developed MI. Compared with participants without either condition, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for MI events among participants with prediabetes alone, hypertension alone, and both prediabetes and hypertension were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.84–1.36), 1.73 (95% CI 1.49–2.00), and 1.89 (95% CI 1.57–2.27), respectively. Among participants with and without hypertension, there was no association between prediabetes and an increased risk for MI (hazard ratio: 1.11 95% CI 0.94–1.32 and hazard ratio: 1.02 95% CI 0.80–1.30, respectively).

Conclusion:
The current study indicated that among the Chinese general population, the increased risk of MI associated with prediabetes is largely driven by concomitant hypertension rather than prediabetes per se.
Contribution of systemic blood flow to untreated or inadequately controlled systolic--diastolic or isolated systolic hypertension in a community sample of African ancestry
Authors: Mmopi Keneilwe N. , Norton Gavin R. , Bello Hamza , Libhaber Carlos D. , Peters Ferande , Sareli Pinhas , Peterson Vernice R. , Woodiwiss Angela J. 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
Age-related increases in systemic blood flow [stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and aortic flow (Q)] contribute substantially to untreated or inadequately controlled (uncontrolled) blood pressure (BP) in Africa. We aimed to identify the haemodynamic determinants of uncontrolled systolic--diastolic (Syst--diast HT) versus uncontrolled isolated systolic (ISH) or diastolic (IDH) hypertension.

Methods:
Using central arterial pressure and aortic outflow tract velocity and diameter measurements (echocardiography), the haemodynamic correlates of BP were determined in 725 community participants of African ancestry (19.6% uncontrolled Syst--diast HT, 9.2% uncontrolled ISH, 11.3% uncontrolled IDH).

Results:
Independent of confounders, compared with those with a normotensive BP, those with uncontrolled Syst--diast HT had increases in SV, CO, Q, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and aortic characteristic impedance (Z

c
) and decreases in total arterial compliance (TAC) (P < 0.05--P < 0.0001). In multivariate regression models, uncontrolled Syst--diast HT was as strongly associated with Q, SV or CO as with SVR (P = 0.04--P = 0.20), Z
c (P = 0.74--P < 0.0005) and TAC (P = 0.43--P < 0.005). Independent of confounders, compared with normotensive individuals those with uncontrolled ISH had increases in SV, CO, Q and Z
c but not SVR, and decreases in TAC (P < 0.05-P < 0.0001), and those with IDH only had increases in SVR (P < 0.0001). Uncontrolled ISH was more strongly associated with Q, SV and CO than with SVR (P < 0.0005), but less than with TAC (P < 0.05--P < 0.0005).

Conclusion:
In groups of African ancestry living in Africa, hypertension because of increases in either SBP or DBP is as strongly associated with increases in systemic flow (SV, Q) as with arterial and arteriolar effects (Z
c, TAC, SVR).
Myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Salvetti Massimo , Paini Anna , Bertacchini Fabio , Aggiusti Carlo , Stassaldi Deborah , Capellini Sara , Arnoldi Chiara , Rizzoni Damiano , Agabiti Rosei Claudia , De Ciuceis Carolina , Muiesan Maria Lorenza 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Available data indicate that patients with primary aldosteronism have an increased risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular risk seems to be, at least in part, independent of blood pressure (BP) values. Patients with primary aldosteronism have a greater prevalence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and subtle alterations of ventricular function, which might contribute to the increase in cardiovascular risk. Recently, a noninvasive approach for the estimation of LV mechanical efficiency, obtained by echocardiography has been proposed.

Aim of the study:
To evaluate the determinants of myocardial mechanoenergetic efficiency index (MEEi), in a large group of patients with primary aldosteronism (n = 99) and in a control group of essential hypertensive patients (n = 99) matched for age, sex and BP values.

Results:
No differences between groups for age, sex, BMI, BP values, glucose, lipid profile and renal function were observed. LV mass index was greater in primary aldosteronism vs. essential hypertensive patients (46.0 ± 16.7 vs. 36.9 ± 8.6 g/m2, P < 0.001); also relative wall thickness was greater in primary aldosteronism (0.36 ± 0.1 vs. 0.32 ± 0.4, P < 0.001). Left atrial dimensions were significantly greater in primary aldosteronism. Ejection fraction was not different between groups, while endocardial and midwall fractional shortening were lower in primary aldosteronism vs. essential hypertensive patients (40 ± 7 vs. 43 ± 6, and 18 ± 3 vs. 21 ± 2, both P < 0.01). MEEi was lower in primary aldosteronism vs. essential hypertensive patients (0.44 ± 0.14 vs. 0.52 ± 0.10 ml/s per g, P < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between MEEi and aldosterone levels (r = −0.203, P < 0.05) and aldosterone : renin ratio (P = −0.172, P < 0.05); the correlation remained significant after adjustment for possible confounders.

Conclusion:
In patients with primary aldosteronism myocardial MEEi is lower as compared with essential hypertensive patients. A reduced MEEi may reflect an impairment of production and utilization of energy in the myocardium, which could lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and therefore these findings may contribute to explain the increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism.
Acute Time-Course Changes in CCL11, CCL2, and IL-10 Levels After Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Huibregtse Megan E. , Ejima Keisuke , Chen Zhongxue , Kalbfell Rachel M. , Koppineni Alekhya , Kawata Keisuke 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To examine changes in plasma levels of CCL11, CCL2, and IL-10 after 10 controlled soccer headers.

Setting:
Laboratory setting.

Participants:
Thirty-nine healthy soccer players with at least 3 years of soccer heading experience, between 18 and 26 years old, and enrolled at a large public university.

Design:
In this randomized clinical trial using a soccer heading model, participants were randomized into the heading (n = 22) or kicking-control (n = 17) groups to perform 10 headers or kicks.

Main Measures:
Plasma levels of CCL11, CCL2, and IL-10 at preintervention and 0, 2, and 24 hours postintervention.

Results:
Mixed-effects regression models did not reveal any significant group differences in changes of plasma CCL11, CCL2, or IL-10 levels from preintervention. Within the heading group, there was a statistically significant time by years of heading experience interaction with 2.0-pg/mL increase in plasma CCL11 each year of prior experience at 24 hours postintervention (P = .001).

Conclusion:
Findings from this study suggest that 10 soccer headers do not provoke an acute inflammatory response. However, the acute CCL11 response may be influenced by prior exposure to soccer headers, providing a precedent for future field studies that prospectively track head impact exposure and changes in CCL11.
Impact of Age on Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in the 6 Months Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Thompson Hilaire J. , Martha Sarah R. , Wang Jin , Becker Kyra J. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To compare plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations to 6 months in young and older adults with and without mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Participants:
Younger (21-54 years) and older (55+) adults diagnosed with mild TBI along with age-/sex-matched noninjured controls (n = 313).

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Main Measures:
Multiplex assays were used to quantify concentrations of selected plasma inflammatory markers at day 0, months 1 and 6.

Results:
Persistent aging-related differences were found between control groups in concentrations of 4 cytokines up to 6 months. At day 0, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and fractalkine were higher in the older TBI compared with older control as well as the younger TBI groups, while IL-10 was higher in older TBI compared with controls. At month 1, significantly higher concentrations of IL-8, fractalkine, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were seen. At 6 months postinjury, significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were seen, while a lower concentration of IL-7 was found in older versus younger TBI groups.

Conclusion:
The neuroinflammatory signature that accompanies mild TBI in older adults differs from that of younger adults. The differences seen are notable for their roles in neutrophil attraction (IL-8), neuronal-microglial-immune cell interactions (fractalkine), and chronic inflammation (IL-6).
Early Tranexamic Acid Administration After Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Reduced Syndecan-1 and Angiopoietin-2 in Patients With Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Anderson Taylor N. , Hinson Holly E. , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Rick Elizabeth A. , Schreiber Martin A. , Rowell Susan E. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of early tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on circulating markers of endotheliopathy.

Setting:
Twenty trauma centers in the United States and Canada.

Participants:
Patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (MS-TBI) and intracranial hemorrhage who were not in shock (systolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg).

Design:
TXA (2 g) or placebo administered prior to hospital arrival, less than 2 hours postinjury. Blood samples and head computed tomographic scan collected upon arrival. Plasma markers measured using Luminex analyte platform. Differences in median marker levels evaluated using t tests performed on log-transformed variables. Comparison groups were TXA versus placebo and less than 45 minutes versus 45 minutes or more from time of injury to treatment administration.

Main Measures:
Plasma levels of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, thrombospondin-2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1.

Results:
Demographics and Injury Severity Score were similar between the placebo (n = 129) and TXA (n = 158) groups. Levels of syndecan-1 were lower in the TXA group (median [interquartile range or IQR] = 254.6 pg/mL [200.7-322.0] vs 272.4 pg/mL [219.7-373.1], P = .05. Patients who received TXA less than 45 minutes postinjury had significantly lower levels of angiopoietin-2 (median [IQR] = 144.3 pg/mL [94.0-174.3] vs 154.6 pg/mL [110.4-209.8], P = .05). No differences were observed in remaining markers.

Conclusions:
TXA may inhibit early upregulation of syndecan-1 and angiopoietin-2 in patients with MS-TBI, suggesting attenuation of protease-mediated vascular glycocalyx breakdown. The findings of this exploratory analysis should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in future studies.
Foxo1 selectively regulates static mechanical pain by interacting with Nav1.7
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Long , Lai Ren-Chun , Chen Zi-Hang , Zhong Xiong-Xiong , Cao Xian-Ying , Zhang Xi , Xiao Yi-Bin , Wang Jun-Chao , Liu Xian-Guo , Xie Man-Xiu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mechanical allodynia is a debilitating condition for millions of patients with chronic pain. Mechanical allodynia can manifest in distinct forms, including brush-evoked dynamic and filament-evoked static allodynia. In the nervous system, the forkhead protein Foxo1 plays a critical role in neuronal structures and functions. However, the role of Foxo1 in the somatosensory signal remains unclear. Here, we found that Foxo1 selectively regulated static mechanical pain. Foxo1 knockdown decreased sensitivity to static mechanical stimuli in normal rats and attenuated static mechanical allodynia in rat models for neuropathic, inflammatory, and chemotherapy pain. Conversely, Foxo1 overexpression selectively enhanced sensitivity to static mechanical stimuli and provoked static mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, Foxo1 interacted with voltage-gated sodium Nav1.7 channels and increased the Nav1.7 current density by accelerating activation rather than by changing the expression of Nav1.7 in dorsal root ganglia neurons. In addition, the serum level of Foxo1 was found to be increased in chronic pain patients and to be positively correlated with the severity of chronic pain. Altogether, our findings suggest that serum Foxo1 level could be used as a biological marker for prediction and diagnosis of chronic pain. Moreover, selective blockade of Foxo1/Nav1.7 interaction may offer a new therapeutic approach in patients with mechanical pain.