bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generation of Growth Dislocations by Inclusions and Growth‐Face Damages: An Experimental Study
Authors: Neuroth Gero , Klapper Helmut 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe generation of growth dislocations in crystals by intentionally introduced foreign‐particle inclusions and by mechanical damaging (scratching) of the growth face is reported. The formation of dislocations is studied by in situ observation of the step pattern on the involved growth face by optical microscopy and—after growth—by X‐ray diffraction topography. This is performed on three different growth faces of orthorhombic salol (C13H10O3, melting temperature Tm = 41.5 °C) growing from the melt supercooled by 1–2 °C. The development of the growth pattern after the closure of the inclusion by overgrowing layers and after the scratching is recorded by videos. Particularly instructive is the inclusion experiment on the fast‐growing (100) face: immediately after the closure a big pyramid and fast step source appears, which dominates and sporadically overflows neighbored secondary step sources. In the sequel the big pyramid splits into a row of small hills which gradually diverge. This indicates that the associated dislocations fan out within the (010) plane of the crystal, as is confirmed by X‐ray topography. The in situ scratching of the growth face triggers the immediate appearance and fast development of a complex hill structure associated with numerous dislocations.
Evolution Process and Controlled Synthesis of Humins with 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as Model Molecule
Authors: Shen Haiyan , Shan Haozhe , Liu Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElucidation of the chemical structure and formation mechanism of humins is a requisite to further improve the efficiency of acid‐catalyzed biomass conversion. Through a low‐temperature approach, the key intermediates resulting in the formation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)‐derived humins were captured, revealing multiple elementary reactions such as etherification, esterification, aldol condensation, and acetalization. Through humin characterization, it was found out that the aldol condensation moiety between aldehyde group and levulinic acid is critical to justify the characteristic IR peaks (1620 and 1710 cm−1) and aromatic fragments from pyrolysis GC–MS. Based on the investigations by means of HPLC–MS/MS, IR, pyrolysis GC–MS, and SEM, the structural models of humins at different temperatures were proposed, which are comprised of the elementary reaction types confirmed by the key intermediates. Humin structures with varying content of aldol condensation could be controllably synthesized under different reaction conditions (temperature and time), demonstrating the evolution process of HMF‐derived humins.
Fantastic bees and where to find them: locating the cryptic overwintering queens of a western bumble bee
Authors: Williams Neal M. , Mola John M. , Stuligross Clara , Harrison Tina , Page Maureen L. , Brennan Ross M. , Rosenberger Nick M. , Rundlöf Maj 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBumble bees are among the best‐studied bee groups worldwide, yet surprisingly we know almost nothing about their overwintering habitats nor the microsite characteristics that govern selection of these sites. This gap represents a critical barrier for their conservation, especially if preferred overwintering habitats differ from foraging and nesting habitats. Current conservation plans focus on foraging habitat, potentially creating a problem of partial habitats where improved forage might fail to prevent population declines due to limited overwintering sites. We provide the first data on the overwintering habitat for any western North American bumble bee. Our data suggest that overwintering and foraging habitats are likely distinct, and queens’ selection of overwintering sites may be shaped by environmental stressors of the year. In our study area, queens overwintered in litter beneath cypress trees, where no floral resources exist. Whether this separation of overwintering and foraging habitat holds for other bumble bee species remains to be discovered. Our data highlight the need to consider the whole life cycle for understanding population dynamics and conservation planning. This need is underscored by growing evidence for the decline of multiple North American bumble bee species.
Amido Silicon Chalcogenide Compounds with Unprecedented Cluster Cores and Low Oxidation State Silicon Atoms
Authors: Schwedtmann Kevin , Hepp Alexander , Schwedtmann Kai , Weigand Jan J. , Lips Felicitas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Felicitas Lips from the University of Münster, Germany. The cover image shows butterflies trapped in a series of silicon‐based cages. The color of each cage compound is represented by the color of the butterfly in it.
Yield and nitrogen uptake of sole and intercropped maize and peanut in response to N fertilizer input
Authors: Gao Huaxin , Meng Weiwei , Zhang Chaochun , van der Werf Wopke , Zhang Zheng , Wan Shubo , Zhang Fusuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChinese agriculture needs to become less dependent on fertilizer inputs to enhance sustainability. Cereal/legume intercropping is a potential pathway to lower fertilizer inputs, but there is insufficient knowledge on the nitrogen (N) response in species mixtures. Here, we investigated N response in maize/peanut intercropping. Maize showed a stronger yield response to N input than peanut both in sole cropping and in intercropping, and so did sole crops relative to intercrops. Maize yield was the highest at the maximum level tested: 360 kg N/ha. Agronomic efficiency (AE) of sole maize was 7.8 kg/kg N input, averaged across five N levels (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg/ha). Partial land equivalent ratios (pLERs) for maize decreased with N input, from 0.70 at zero to 0.64 at 360 kg/ha. Sole peanut showed an optimum yield response to N input, with the highest yield at 270 kg/ha and lower yield at 360 kg/ha. The average AE of sole peanut was 1.3 kg/kg. The pLER of peanut declined from 0.43 at zero to 0.32 at 360 kg/ha while the overall LER decreased from 1.13 to 0.96, indicating relative better performance of intercropping at low than at high N input. Apparent recovery (RE) for N was 27.2% for sole maize, 12.4% for sole peanut, and 7.2% for intercrops. Mean N uptake was 179 kg/ha in sole maize, 199 kg/ha in intercropping, and 264 kg/ha in sole peanut. Partial economic budgeting indicated that with the current low Chinese N fertilizer prices, gross margin is maximized with high N input in sole crops; however, for intercropping, the highest gross margin was attained at intermediate N inputs of 180 or 270 kg/ha. Fertilizer price incentives may facilitate a transition to intercropping at moderate N input in China.
Modification of DC polarographic antioxidant assay—Application to aromatic plants and their active principles
Authors: Stojićević Aleksandra S. , Pastor Ferenc T. , Gorjanović Stanislava Ž. , Šolević Knudsen Tatjana M. , Antić Mališa P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA direct current (DC) polarographic assay based on the decrease of anodic current of HydroxoPerhydroxoMercury (II) Complex (HPMC) formation in H2O2 solution in Clark Lubs (CL) buffer (pH 9.8) as working solution was previously applied to determine antioxidant (AO) capacity of water‐soluble compounds. Here, the applicability of HPMC assay was extended into samples poorly soluble in water such as the essential oils and extracts of Lamiaceae and Apiaceae species obtained by ultrasound‐assisted maceration (UAM) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) with 70 and 96% ethanol as well as individual compounds present. The influence of solvents miscible with water on HPMC anodic current was studied, and working solution was optimized. A modified HPMC method was applied to measure AO capacity of essential oils and extracts as well as compounds identified using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (GC‐FID) (terpenoids and catechols) or known to be present (phenolic acids and flavonoids). A 1:1 mixture of CL buffer and ethanol was chosen as working solution. AO capacity of essential oils and extracts, established by modified HPMC assay, was in range of 1.2‐2.0 and 9.2‐38.4 (%/mL) while terpenoids and phenolics in range of 0.1‐0.5 and 13.5‐38.5 (%/mol), respectively. The superior AO capacity was ascribed to essential oils and extracts of Lamiaceae species and to extracts obtained with 70% ethanol. A higher AO capacity of extracts in comparison to essential oils was corroborated with a difference in phenolics and terpenoids capacity.
Alpha‐linolenic acid given as an anti‐inflammatory agent in a mouse model of colonic inflammation
Authors: Wen Juan , Khan Israr , Li Anping , Chen Xinjun , Yang Pingrong , Song Pingshun , Jing Yaping , Wei Junshu , Che Tuanjie , Zhang Chunjiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between the high‐fat, high‐sugar diet (HFHSD) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced mouse colitis, the therapeutic effect of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) on mouse colitis, and the relationship between HFHSD and hyperlipidemia. We also examined the possible underlying mechanisms behind their interactions. Female BABL/c mice were fed with HFHSD for the 9 weeks. At the same time, ALA treatment (150 or 300 mg/kg) was administered on a daily basis. At the end of the 9 weeks, experimental colitis was induced by the intra‐colonic administration of TNBS. Body weight, spleen weight, disease activity index (DAI), histological changes, T‐cell‐related cytokine level, and lipid profiles were measured after treatment. TNBS induced severe clinical manifestations of colitis and histological damage. Low‐ALA (150 mg/kg) administration profoundly ameliorated TNBS‐induced clinical manifestations, body weight loss, spleen weight loss, and histological damage. On the contrary, the high‐ALA (300 mg/kg) administration did not ameliorate colitis and even exacerbated the symptoms. HFHSD consumption assisted TNBS in changing IL‐12, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and IL‐17A in the liver. As expected, these changes were recovered through low‐ALA. In addition, HFHSD had a significant impact on the total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and triglyceride (TG), which related to the increased risk of hyperlipidemia. In summation, HFHSD exacerbated the TNBS‐induced colitis via the Th1/Th17 pathway. The Low‐ALA (150 mg/kg) exhibited protective effects against the TNBS‐induced colitis via the Th1/Th2/Th17 pathway.
The effect of a ban on gender‐based pricing on risk selection in the German health insurance market
Authors: Huang Shan , Salm Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStarting from December 2012, insurers in the European Union were prohibited from charging gender‐discriminatory prices. We examine the effect of this unisex mandate on risk segmentation in the German health insurance market. Although gender used to be a pricing factor in Germany's private health insurance (PHI) sector, it was never used as a pricing factor in the social health insurance (SHI) sector. The unisex mandate makes PHI relatively more attractive for women and less attractive for men. Based on data from the German socio‐economic panel, we analyze how the unisex mandate affects the difference between women and men in switching rates between SHI and PHI. We find that the unisex mandate increases the probability of switching from SHI to PHI for women relative to men. On the other hand, the unisex mandate has no effect on the gender difference in switching rates from PHI to SHI. Because women have on average higher health care expenditures than men, our results imply a worsening of the PHI risk pool and an improvement of the SHI risk pool. Our results demonstrate that regulatory measures such as the unisex mandate can affect risk selection between public and private health insurance sectors.
Development of a chitosan hydrogel containing flavonoids extracted fromPassiflora edulisleaves and the evaluation of its antioxidant and wound healing properties for the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic mice
Authors: Soares Rita D. F. , Campos Maria G. N. , Ribeiro Gislaine P. , Salles Bruno C. C. , Cardoso Naiane S. , Ribeiro Julia R. , Souza Raphaela M. , Leme Krissia C. , Soares Caroline B. , de Oliveira Carla M. , Elston Lilian B. , da Fonseca Clodoaldo C. P. , Ferreira Eric B. , Rodrigues Maria R. , Duarte Stella M. S. , Paula Fernanda B. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a chitosan‐based hydrogel containing a mixture of flavonoids isolated from the leaves ofPassiflora edulisSims and to evaluate its stability, antioxidant properties, and wound healing effects on cutaneous lesions in diabetic rats. in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility and flavonoid release from the chitosan hydrogel. in vivo wound healing studies were conducted on male Wistar rats, where the injured tissue was removed for histological analysis and determination of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. From the histological analysis and macroscopic evaluation of the contraction of the wounds, it was observed that the formulation presented wound healing properties. In addition, treatment of the wound with the formulation stimulated the antioxidant defense system, suggesting a beneficial effect during the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic rats, especially in the first few days after wounding. According to these results, we can conclude that the chitosan hydrogel containing the flavonoid analyzed in this study has potential use as dressings in the treatment of wounds.
Stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles for the codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin and siPD‐L1 to enhance the antitumor effect
Authors: Zhou Ye‐juan , Wan Wen‐jun , Tong Yao , Chen Meng‐tian , Wang Dan‐dan , Wang Yu , You Ben‐gang , Liu Yang , Zhang Xue‐nong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCancer cells have been reported to exhibit high resistance against immune system recognition through various cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Considerable challenges have been encountered in monotherapy with chemotherapeutics to attain the desired antitumor efficacy. In this study, a nanodelivery system was designed to incorporate doxorubicin (DOX) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA), that is, siPD‐L1. DOX and siPD‐L1 were formed from a stimuli‐responsive polymer with a poly‐L‐lysine–lipoic acid reduction‐sensitive core and a tumor extracellular pH‐stimulated shedding polyethylene glycol layer. The codelivery system was stable under physiological pH conditions and demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake at the tumor site. Moreover, the combined treatment of DOX and siPD‐L1 exhibited improved antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo compared with either modality alone. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy presented in this work through the codelivery of a chemotherapeutic agent and a gene‐silencing agent (siRNA) may provide a new strategy for cancer treatment.
microRNA‐501‐5p promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer by downregulating LPAR1
Authors: Ma Xiang , Feng Jiaxi , Lu Ming , Tang Wenjuan , Han Jianbo , Luo XiaGang , Zhao Qinghong , Yang Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn spite of the achievement in treatment, the gastric cancer (GC) mortality still remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play a crucial part in tumor progression. In this study, we explored the expression and function of microRNA‐501‐5p (miR‐501‐5p) in GC cell lines. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay results suggested that miR‐501‐5p was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. And, the Cell Counting Kit‐8 colony formation and cell migration assay results showed that the downregulation of miR‐501‐5p decreased GC cell proliferation and migration. Besides that, we found that GC cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase and cell apoptosis rate was increased by silencing the expression of miR‐501‐5p in GC cell lines using the flow cytometry. We also found that miR‐501‐5p could directly target lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) and negatively regulate LPAR1 expression in GC cell lines by performing dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis. And, LPAR1 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and inversely correlated with miR‐501‐5p expression. Furthermore, LPAR1 downregulation promoted cell proliferation and migration, which were attenuated by cotransfection of miR‐501‐5p inhibitor in GC cells. In conclusion, miR‐501‐5p can promote GC cell proliferation and migration by targeting and downregulating LPAR1. miR‐501‐5p/LPAR1 may become a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
Hospital surgical volume and perioperative mortality of pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Matsuzaki Shinya , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Matsushima Kazuhide , Klar Maximilian , Grubbs Brendan H. , Roman Lynda D. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo examine the association between hospital surgical volume and perioperative mortality of pelvic exenteration performed for gynecologic malignancies.MethodsA population‐based retrospective study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was conducted to examine pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancies from 2001 to 2011. Annualized hospital surgical volume was defined as the average number of procedures a hospital performed per year in which at least one case was performed, and this was correlated to perioperative mortality.ResultsA total 1912 exenterations performed at 181 centers were included. Nearly two thirds of exenteration‐performing centers had a minimum surgical volume of one case per year (121 centers, 66.9%). Perioperative mortality rate was 1.8%. In multivariable analysis surgical volume remained an independent factor for perioperative mortality (adjusted‐odds ratio 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.09‐0.49; P < .001). Perioperative mortality rates were 3.7% for the centers with minimum surgical volume (1 exenteration a year), 1.4% for the centers performing more than one but two or less exenterations a year, and 0% for the top decile centers (>2 exenterations a year), respectively (P < .001).ConclusionPelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancy is a rare surgical procedure with most hospitals performing few cases annually. A higher surgical volume of pelvic exenteration was associated with lower perioperative mortality.
Positional Awake Endoscopy Versus DISE in Assessment of OSA: A Comparative Study
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , Quriba Amal S. , Hassan Elham M. , Awad Ali M. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare awake endoscopy with Müller's maneuver (MM) during both sitting and supine positions, with drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) as regard determination of different levels, patterns, and degrees of collapse of the upper airway in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodsThe study included adult patients with OSA symptoms, who had apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 15. Patients were examined by MM in a sitting position, then during supine position; DISE then followed. Site, pattern, and degree of obstruction were assessed by experienced examiners according to the nose oropharynx hypopharynx and larynx classification.ResultsEighty‐one adult subjects were included. The most common pattern of collapse at the retro‐palatal level was the concentric pattern, while the predominant pattern at the hypopharyngeal level was the lateral wall collapse. The analysis of the pattern of collapse of the study group revealed that the individual pattern did not change (for the same patient at the same level) in the majority of patients whatever the maneuver or the position.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of positional awake endoscopy for providing valuable surgical information as regard level, pattern, and degree of severity in OSA. The data of positional awake endoscopy were comparable to those gained from DISE with less morbidity and costs. The idea and results of this work provide a useful foundation for future research in this area. Multicenter studies are encouraged to obtain more reliable conclusions and more clear standards aiming at a better surgical planning.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2269–2274, 2020
Efficacy of pentoxifylline–tocopherol–clodronate in mandibular osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Dissard Alexis , P. Dang Nathalie , Barthelemy Isabelle , Delbet Candice , Puechmaille Mathilde , Depeyre Arnaud , Pereira Bruno , Martin Fanny , Guillemin Florent , Biau Julian , Mirafzal Sonia , Mom Thierry , Gilain Laurent , Saroul Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisPENTOCLO treatment, associating pentoxifylline, tocopherol, and clodronate, resolves radiation‐induced fibrosis. The main aim of the present study was to prospectively assess efficacy in mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with mandibular ORN were included in the Pentoclauvergne Study between January 2014 and February 2016. After an initial 28‐day phase of antibiotic, antifungal, and corticosteroid therapy, they received the PENTOCLO association daily until cure or a maximum of 24 months. The main assessment criterion was exposed bone area (EBA); secondary criteria comprised the Subjective, objective, management, and analytic (SOMA) score.ResultsUnder PENTOCLO, EBA decreased by 28% at 2 months, 55% at 6 months, and 92% at 24 months; the SOMA score decreased by 23%, 38%, and 50%, respectively. A complete treatment course cured 76.5% of patients at a mean 9.6 months.ConclusionsPENTOCLO is a simple, well‐tolerated, and effective treatment for mandibular ORN.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E559–E566, 2020
Tonsillar surface swab bacterial culture results differ from those of the tonsillar core in recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Dickinson Amy , Kankaanpää Hanna , Silén Suvi , Meri Seppo , Haapaniemi Aaro , Ylikoski Jukka , Mäkitie Antti 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWe aimed to determine whether there was a difference between core and surface bacteriology of Finnish adults with recurrent or chronic tonsillitis to understand whether a surface swab is worthwhile and which bacteria are involved.Study DesignCase series.MethodsUninflamed tonsillar surface swabs and core biopsies were taken prior to and during surgery, respectively, in 103 patients aged 16 to 66 years undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis. The McNemar test was used to determine differences between the surface and core in the most prevalent bacterial species.ResultsTwenty‐seven bacterial species were isolated in addition to normal flora and were more commonly found in the core (1.11 surface and 4.75 core bacteria isolated per patient). Viridans group streptococci were the most commonly detected bacteria, found in 88% of the patients, mainly in the core. The bacteria in general were mainly isolated from the core. Of the 10 most prevalent bacteria, only group C β‐hemolytic streptococci showed no difference between detection from core and surface swabs. Other bacteria found mainly in the core include Prevotella melaninogenica, Staphylococcus aureus, and fusobacteria.ConclusionsThere is discord between the surface and core bacteria. A different population of bacteria exists in the core, especially anaerobic bacteria, suggesting that a core sample may be useful in evaluating recurrent and chronic tonsillitis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2019