bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold adaptation across the elevation gradient in an alpine butterfly species complex
Authors: Nève Gabriel , Després Laurence 
Published: April 2020

1. Temperature acts as a major factor on the timing of activity and behaviour in butterflies, and it might represent a key driver of butterfly diversification along elevation gradients. Under this hypothesis, local adaptation should be found along the elevation gradient, with butterflies from high elevation populations able to remain active at lower ambient temperature than those from low elevation.2. The warming‐up rate and the thoracic temperature at take‐off of 123 individuals of the Alpine butterfly species complexCoenonympha arcania – C. macromma – C. gardettawere recorded in controlled conditions.3. Warming‐up rate increased with elevation inC. arcania: high‐elevation males ofC. arcaniawere able to warm up more quickly compared to low‐elevation ones.4. High‐elevationC. gardettahad a darker underwing pattern than low‐elevation ones. This high‐elevation species was significantly smaller (lower weight and wing surface) than the two other species and had a faster warming‐up rate.5. This study's results suggest that the ability to warm up quickly and to take flight at a high body temperature evolved adaptively in the high‐altitudeC. gardettaand that low temperature at high altitude may explain the absence ofC. arcania, while the hybrid nature ofC. macrommais probably the explanation of its elevation overlap with both the other species and its local replacement ofC. gardetta.
A multi‐trait, field‐based examination of personality in a semi‐aquatic turtle
Authors: Roth Timothy C. , Rosier Maxwell , Krochmal Aaron R. , Clark Lisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies documenting and quantifying personality traits are common in animal behavior. Such studies often consider the nature of individual variation and personality as correlated with a variety of natural history, physiological, or ecological traits, and therefore consider the importance of personality for strategies in wild systems. Though such studies have contributed markedly to our understanding of the important aspects of personality that may covary with a variety of factors that might affect fitness, much of the research on animal personalities is taxonomically limited. To supplement and compliment the laboratory study of reptile personality, we examined the patterns of multiple personality traits in wild Eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) in the field. We examined patterns of aggression, sociability, and boldness across these traits in different contexts in 103 adult, wild‐caught turtles. We found strong correlations both within and among the focal behavioral axes, representing robust evidence for personality in this species. Specifically, we found strong relationships among many measures of aggression, as well as relationships between aggression and our measures of boldness. Finally, we note a tendency for sociability in our turtles, with animals scoring high on sociability showing lower tendency toward aggression. Overall, our study provides robust evidence for correlated suites of behavioral traits, or personality, in a semi‐aquatic turtle surveyed in the wild. Future work should continue to expand the range of traits examined to more fully consider the ecological consequences of variation in personality in this and similar species.
What's in a Family? Family Conceptualizations of Flemish College‐Aged Students (1997–2018)
Authors: De Coninck David , Matthijs Koen , Dekeyser Graziela 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveInspired by previous research, we investigated how perceptions about family have changed among first‐year university students at KU Leuven (Flanders, Belgium) between 1997 and 2018.BackgroundThe question of what constitutes a family has puzzled scholars for years, yet empirical information on this topic, especially from young adults, is limited. The perceptions are important because studies have found a link between perceptions about families and family behavior.MethodWe collected a convenience sample of first‐year university students at KU Leuven in 1997 (n = 674) and 2018 (n = 471) via online and offline questionnaires. Using cross‐tabulation analysis, we compared the data to consider changes in perceptions about families and investigate differences.DiscussionWe found that students in 2018 are more receptive to postdivorce arrangements, pets, and deceased family members in their conceptualizations of family. Also, we noted that the conceptualization of families including friends was not widespread, indicating that the “framily” is not yet established among the university students in this group. We found that women, students who report their parents as having a lower socioeconomic status, and students from nonintact families held more inclusive family views.ImplicationsOur findings contribute to a better understanding of how Flemish college‐age students perceive families. This information, however limited, can provide valuable information for policymakers, opinion leaders, and (family) therapists.
Eriodictyonangustifolium extract, but not Eriodictyon californicum extract, reduces human hair greying
Authors: Taguchi N. , Hata T. , Kamiya E. , Homma T. , Kobayashi A. , Aoki H. , Kunisada T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveYerba Santa (Eriodictyon angustifolium and Eriodictyon californicum) has been used for many years in traditional medicine. However, the effect of Yerba Santa on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the biological effects of Yerba Santa on hair pigmentation.MethodsYerba Santa extracts were assessed for their cytological effects following X‐ray irradiation treatment and then tested directly for the prevention of human hair greying. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was utilized to identify the individual extract components.ResultsEriodictyon angustifolium extract significantly increased melanin synthesis in the melanoma cell line through activation of the WNT/MITF/tyrosinase‐signalling pathway. In contrast, E. californicum had no effect on melanin synthesis. E. angustifolium extract also demonstrated a protective effect against the damage induced by X‐ray irradiation in human keratinocytes. Application of the extracts to subjects who had grey beards demonstrated a reduced number of grey beard hair per year specifically with the E. angustifolium extract. A significant decrease in grey head hair was also observed after application of E. angustifolium extract. Upregulation of gene expression related to melanin production and WNT signalling was observed after the application of E. angustifolium extract. Sterubin was the most abundant flavonoid detected by UPLC in E. angustifolium extract. In addition, sterubin showed the highest difference in terms of quantity, between E. angustifolium and E. californicum extract.ConclusionEriodictyon angustifolium extract, which is abundant in sterubin, may be suitable as a potential cosmetic and medical agent for the prevention and improvement of hair greying.
Warfarin vs non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants for left atrial appendage thrombus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Turagam Mohit K. , Atti Varunsiri , Garg Jalaj , Boda Urooge , Velagapudi Poonam , Akella Krishna , Natale Andrea , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionNovel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are commonly used for thromboembolic risk reduction and treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. However, data regarding their efficacy and safety in comparison to warfarin for left atrial appendage thrombus is limited.MethodsA comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Review from inception to 30 October 2019 was performed. Studies reporting clinical outcomes comparing warfarin vs NOACs were included. Two investigators independently extracted the data and individual quality assessment was performed. A meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.ResultsFour studies met inclusion criteria and a total of 322 patients were included of whom 141 were in the NOAC arm and 181 were in the warfarin arm. There was no significant difference in thrombus resolution between the two groups (RR, 1.00; 95% CI [0.77‐1.29; P = .98]). There was no significant difference in major bleeding (RR, 1.30; 95% CI [0.14‐12.21; P = .82]) or stroke (RR, 0.42; 95% CI [0.09‐2.06; P = .29]) between the two groups.ConclusionThe results of our meta‐analysis show that NOACs are as efficacious and safe as warfarin in the treatment of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation.
Esophageal injury associated with catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Determinants of risk and protective strategies
Authors: Assis Fabrizio R. , Shah Rushil , Narasimhan Bharat , Ambadipudi Sravya , Bhambhani Hrithika , Catanzaro John N. , Calkins Hugh , Tandri Harikrishna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatheter ablation has become an important element in the management of atrial fibrillation. Several technical advances allowed for better safety profiles and lower recurrence rates, leading to an increasing number of ablations worldwide. Despite that, major complications are still reported, and esophageal thermal injury remains a significant concern as atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is often fatal. Recognition of the mechanisms involved in the process of esophageal lesion formation and the identification of the main determinants of risk have set the grounds for the development and improvement of different esophageal protective strategies. More sensitive esophageal temperature monitoring, safer ablation parameters and catheters, and different energy sources appear to collectively reduce the risk of esophageal thermal injury. Adjunctive measures such as the prophylactic use of proton‐pump inhibitors, as well as esophageal cooling or deviation devices, have emerged as complementary methods with variable but promising results. Nevertheless, as a multifactorial problem, no single esophageal protective measure has proven to be sufficiently effective to eliminate the risk, and further investigation is still warranted. Early screening in the patients at risk and prompt intervention in the cases of AEF are important risk modifiers and yield better outcomes.
Tissue‐selective regulation of protein homeostasis and unfolded protein response signalling in sporadic ALS
Authors: Montibeller Luigi , Tan Li Yi , Kim Joo Kyung , Paul Praveen , de Belleroche Jacqueline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disorder that affects motor neurons in motor cortex and spinal cord, and the degeneration of both neuronal populations is a critical feature of the disease. Abnormalities in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are well established in ALS. However, they have been investigated mostly in spinal cord but less so in motor cortex. Herein, we monitored the unfolded protein (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR), two major proteostasis regulatory pathways, in human post‐mortem tissue derived from the motor cortex of sporadic ALS (SALS) and compared them to those occurring in spinal cord. Although the UPR was activated in both tissues, specific expression of select UPR target genes, such as PDIs, was observed in motor cortex of SALS cases strongly correlating with oligodendrocyte markers. Moreover, we found that endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation (ERAD) and HSR genes, which were activated predominately in spinal cord, correlated with the expression of neuronal markers. Our results indicate that proteostasis is strongly and selectively activated in SALS motor cortex and spinal cord where subsets of these genes are associated with specific cell type. This study expands our understanding of convergent molecular mechanisms occurring in motor cortex and spinal cord and highlights cell type–specific contributions.
Excessive gestational weight gain in the first and second trimester is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus among women pregnant with singletons: A repeated measures analysis
Authors: Qi Yana , Sun Xin , Tan Jing , Zhang Guiting , Chen Meng , Xiong Yiquan , Chen Peng , Liu Chunrong , Zou Kang , Liu Xinghui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate gestational weight gain (GWG) in the first and second trimester as a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women pregnant with singletons.Materials and MethodsThis was a cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies who delivered between 1 January 2013 and 31 October 2014 in a Chinese hospital. We collected data from medical records from the first antenatal visit to delivery. All pregnant women were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of GDM during the second trimester. GWG in the first and second trimester was calculated by subtracting the prepregnancy weight from weight within 4 weeks of the oral glucose tolerance test. We categorized GWG into insufficient, appropriate and excessive according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines and population quantiles. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine the association between GWG and GDM risk.ResultsOf 10,422 pregnant women, we identified 8,356 eligible women with 1,622 (19.4%) diagnosed with GDM. Univariable analysis showed that GWG that exceeded the Institute of Medicine recommendation might be associated with risk of GDM (P < 0.05), but this association was not observed by multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio 1.07, [95% confidence interval 0.94–1.21]). Univariable and multivariable analyses both showed that GWG exceeding the 90th and 95th quantiles of included women, respectively, were at increased risk for GDM (adjusted odds ratio >P90 vs P10–P90 adjusted odds ratio 1.31, [95% confidence interval 1.12–1.52]; >P95 vs P5‐P95 adjusted odds ratio 1.45 [95% confidence interval 1.16–1.81]).ConclusionsExcessive GWG in the first and second trimester might be a risk factor for GDM, which highlights the importance of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy.
Making host specificity testing more efficient: Exploring the use of abridged test plant lists
Authors: Lesieur Vincent , Thomann Thierry , Ollivier Mélodie , Raghu Sathyamurthy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTesting the specificity of candidate agents is a key component of risk analysis in weed biological control. This step is often time‐consuming due to the numerous plant species that need to be tested under quarantine conditions in the invaded country of the weed species. Here, we examined whether an abridged phylogenetically based test list could be used in the weed's native range to quickly screen the host specificity of candidate agents. Ten plant species were used to test the host specificity of a promising candidate for the biological control of Sonchus oleraceus in Australia, the gall midge, Cystiphora sonchi. No‐choice and choice tests were carried out in the native Mediterranean range of the midge. The results showed the midge has potential to threaten native Australian species, as those species showed high infestation levels in no‐choice tests and produced significantly higher numbers of galls in choice tests. As a result of this approach, C. sonchi was rapidly discarded from the list of agents to be imported into Australian quarantines for further tests. This study demonstrates that testing a few key phylogenetically related species in the native range may save cost and effort in a weed biological control programme.
Expression level of long noncoding RNA H19 of normotensive placentas in late pregnancy relates to the fetal growth restriction
Authors: Tsunoda Youhei , Kudo Mitsuhiro , Wada Ryuichi , Ishino Kousuke , Kure Shoko , Sakatani Takashi , Takeshita Toshiyuki , Naito Zenya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimInfants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The long noncoding RNA H19 gene is expressed abundantly in placental villi and recent studies suggest that it regulates FGR. However, the role of H19 in the FGR placenta remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between H19 expression and FGR using normotensive placentas after 34 weeks of gestation.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from human placentas collected from pregnancies resulting in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns were used. The histopathological features of placenta tissues, such as villous stromal fibrosis, the numbers of terminal villi, villous vessels and cytotrophoblasts were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome staining and immunostaining. The localization and expression of H19 in the placentas were demonstrated by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of H19‐regulated molecules such as IGF2 and decorin (DCN) were measured by RT‐qPCR.ResultsHistopathological features of the placental villous were not different between placentas associated with SGA and AGA. H19 localized to the villous stroma, endothelial cells and cytotrophoblasts. Moreover, the expression level of H19 in SGA placentas was significantly lower than that in AGA placentas. The expression levels of IGF2 and DCN in SGA placentas tended to be lower than those in AGA placentas similarly to H19.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential importance of regulatory events mediated by H19 in SGA placentas without histopathological abnormalities in late pregnancy.
Methodological considerations when measuring oral health–related quality of life
Authors: Reissmann Daniel R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental patient‐reported outcomes (dPROs) and their measures, dPROMs, are fundamental for evidence‐based dentistry. However when selecting, applying and evaluating an instrument with a focus on OHRQoL assessment for adults, several methodological considerations are essential to derive valid and meaningful results.MethodsIn this review article, criteria for selecting the appropriate OHRQoL instrument, aspects of administering the instrument and how to evaluate resulting scores of single and multiple assessments are presented and critically assessed.ResultsOral disease–generic and dimension–generic instruments capturing the entire construct OHRQoL allow for best comparability of findings across different diseases, settings and populations, with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) being the most often used and methodologically best investigated one. It is available in several versions with the 5‐item version being the one with the lowest burden for the patient. Responses are given on a 5‐point ordinal rating scale, the recommended response scale for dPROMs. A 7‐day recall period allows for assessment of short‐term effects. Clinically relevant effects of item or instrument order or administration method on OHIP scores do not seem to be likely. OHIP summary and dimension scores can be compared to norms from general population or different patient populations. Change scores should be set into context with the minimal important difference of the instrument.ConclusionOHIP‐5 has greatest potential to be used across all settings for assessment and evaluation of OHRQoL in adults. It allows a comprehensive characterising of patients suffering from oral diseases and of this impact using OHRQoL dimensions.
Cystathionine gamma‐lyase aggravates periodontal damage in traumatic occlusion mouse models
Authors: Chen Liyuan , Lu Caizhu , Hua Yongmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThough impacts of traumatic occlusion (TO) on periodontal tissues and roles of cystathionine γ‐lyase (Cth) gene in the regulation of bone homeostasis have been studied by many, no consensus has been reached so far on whether TO deteriorates the periodontium and precise roles of Cth in occlusal trauma. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impacts of TO on periodontal tissues and the involvement of Cth gene.MethodsEighty C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice and Cth knockout (Cth−/−) mice, 8 weeks old, were used in this study. The TO model was established using composite resin bonding on the left maxillary molar for one, two, and three weeks, respectively. Morphological and histological changes in the periodontium were assessed by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Osteoclast‐related genes were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsIt was found that decreased alveolar bone height, expanded bone resorption area, and increased width of periodontal ligament (PDL) occurred in TO models, accompanied by an increased number of osteoclasts in a time‐dependent manner by micro‐CT and histological staining. Osteoclast‐related genes including Ctsk, Mmp9, Rank, Trap, and Rankl/Opg were also up‐regulated after one week of modeling. The up‐regulated expressions of Cth gene and its protein CTH were observed in TO mouse models. After 1, 2, or 3 weeks of modeling, WT mice showed more severe alveolar bone resorption, wider PDL, higher osteoclast count, and higher levels of osteoclast‐related genes Ctsk, Rank, and Rankl/Opg than Cth−/− mice.ConclusionTO causes a reduction in alveolar bone height and PDL morphological disorder with their severity increases in a time‐dependent manner. Cth aggravates periodontal damage caused by TO.
REM sleep behaviour disorder in essential tremor: A polysomnographic study
Authors: Bugalho Paulo , Salavisa Manuel , Borbinha Cláudia , Fernandes Marco , Meira Bruna , Barbosa Raquel , Mendonça Marcelo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur objectives were to assess the prevalence of REM sleep behaviour disorder in patients with Essential Tremor, using video‐polysomnography and to compare REM sleep behaviour disorder features in essential tremor with those of patients with alpha‐synucleinopathies. Forty‐nine patients with essential tremor were screened with the REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Questionnaire. Patients scoring positive and those with spontaneous complaints of REM sleep behaviour disorder (n = 6) underwent video‐polysomnography. The clinical features of essential tremor were compared between patients with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder. Video‐polysomnography data were compared between patients who had essential tremor and Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behaviour disorder and those with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Fourteen patients (23.5%) screened positive for REM sleep behaviour disorder, confirmed by video‐polysomnography in five (11.6%). All patients with essential tremor and REM sleep behaviour disorder had rest tremor, compared with 13 (34.2%) in the group with essential tremor but without REM sleep behaviour disorder (p = .009). In video‐polysomnography, patients with essential tremor and REM sleep behaviour disorder were similar to patients with Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behaviour disorder and presented worse sleep dysfunction and lower severity of REM sleep behaviour disorder compared to those with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. We found a high prevalence of REM sleep behaviour disorder in patients with essential tremor, associated with a predominance of rest tremor. Polysomnography data from patients with essential tremor and REM sleep behaviour disorder were similar to those in patients with Parkinson's disease. This suggests a relation between this subgroup of patients with essential tremor and the alpha‐synucleinopathies.