bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Students' Marks: A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Approach
Authors: Tomal Jabed , Rahmati Saeed , Boroushaki Shirin , Jin Lingling , Ahmed Ehsan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to COVID-19, universities across Canada were forced to undergo a transition from classroom-based face-to-face learning and invigilated assessments to online-based learning and non-invigilated assessments. This study attempts to empirically measure the impacts of COVID-19 on students’ marks from eleven science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses using a Bayesian linear mixed effects model fitted to longitudinal data. The Bayesian linear mixed effects model is designed for this application which allows student-specific error variances to vary. The novel Bayesian missing value imputation method is flexible which seamlessly generates missing values given complete data. We observed an increase in overall average marks for the courses requiring lower-level cognitive skills according to Bloom's Taxonomy and a decrease in marks for the courses requiring higher-level cognitive skills, where larger changes in marks were observed for the underachieving students. About half of the disengaged students who did not participate in any course assessments after the transition to online delivery were in special support.
Multiple generations of tourmaline from Yushishanxi leucogranite in South Qilian of western China record a complex formation history from B-rich melt to hydrothermal fluid
Authors: Liu Tao , Jiang Shao-Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One tourmaline-bearing leucogranite dike occurs in the Yushishanxi Nb-Ta mining area in the Yushishan district of the South Qilian orogenic belt in western China. Abundant tourmalines have been identified in the leucogranite, including disseminated, crosscutting quartz-tourmaline veins and tourmaline veinlets. Detailed petrological, geochemical, and boron isotopic studies indicate that these tourmalines have distinctive core-rim zoning signatures and significant chemical variations, which can be divided into four paragenetic generations. Generation-I tourmalines in the leucogranite have a magmatic origin and were followed by hydrothermal Generation-II, Generation-III, and Generation-IV. Tourmalines from all four generations belong to the alkali group and the schorl-dravite solid-solution series. The most notable features are the variations in Mg, Fe, and Ca contents. The variable Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios in generations I to IV may be attributed to the multiple influx and/or interaction of initially magma-derived hydrothermal fluid with surrounding rocks, magma-derived Fe-rich hydrothermal fluid, and external metamorphic fluid. In situ B-isotope analyses of tourmaline yield a total range of δ11B values from –11.7 to –6.0‰. The earliest Generation-I tourmalines have δ11B values of –11.1 to –9.6‰, whereas Generation-II and Generation-III tourmalines record a higher δ11B value of –9.5 to –6.0‰ and –9.3 to –6.9‰, respectively. Such an increase is mainly controlled by boron-isotope fractionation between melt-fluid and tourmaline-fluid, Rayleigh fractionation, and also, to some extent, by a hydrothermal recharge from the same magma source. Generation-IV tourmalines have the lightest B-isotope values (down to –11.7‰). This shift back to lighter B-isotopes in the Generation-IV cannot be explained by closed-system crystallization and isotope fractionation of known phases. Alternatively, a lighter source of boron via fluid circulation from the surrounding metamorphic rocks can explain this light boron isotope composition. Therefore, we propose that an isotopically light fluid may have derived from B release during mica breakdown within the surrounding metamorphic rocks.
MicroRNAs Profiling in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients
Authors: Moghoofei Mohsen , Najafipour Sohrab , Mostafaei Shayan , Tavakoli Ahmad , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Ghorbani Saied , Javanmard Davod , Ghaffari Hadi , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections
are important public health issues.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the association between microRNAs expression leveland immunological
and viral markers in HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

Methods:
The expression level of miR-29, miR-149, miR-199, miR-let7, miR-223, miR-155,
miR-122, and miR-150 was evaluated in 20 HIV, 20 HCV, 20 co-infected patients, and 20 healthy
controls using real-time PCR assay. HIV and HCVviral loads were measuredby real-time PCR, and
also, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was measuredby the PIMA CD4 analyzer.

Result:
The miRNA expression pattern in each mentioned group showed significantly different expression
profiles, but some miRNA species were shared between the groups. MiR-122 and
miR-155 were upregulated, while miR-29 and miR-223 were downregulated in three patients
groups compared to healthy controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the
expression of miR-122 and HIV/HCV loads. But, miR-29 and let-7 were negatively correlated with
HIV load, and miR-149 and let-7 were negatively correlated with HCV load. Also, miR-155 was
positively correlated with HCV load. MiR-122 and miR-199 were negative while others were positively
correlated with CD4+ T cell count.

Conclusion:
These miRNAs are probably involved in the clinical progression and pathogenesis of
HIV and HCV infections. Therefore, determining and manipulating these miRNAs can lead to
opening a new gate to control these important infections.
Tailored Quinolines Demonstrate Flexibility to Exert Antitumor Effects through Varied Mechanisms-A Medicinal Perspective
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Singh Arshdeep , Sharma Sahil , Sharma Ram , Singh Jagjeet , Kinarivala Nihar , Nepali Kunal , Liou Jing P. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Quinoline is considered to be a privileged heterocyclic ring owing to its presence in
diverse scaffolds endowed with promising activity profiles. In particular, quinoline containing compounds have
exhibited substantial antiproliferative effects through the diverse mechanism of actions, which indicates that the
heteroaryl unit is flexible as well as accessible to subtle structural changes that enable its inclusion in chemically
distinct anti-tumor constructs.

Methods:
Herein, we describe a medicinal chemistry perspective on quinolines as anticancer agents by digging
into the peer-reviewed literature as well as patents published in the past few years.

Results:
This review will serve as a guiding tool for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists to gain insights
about the benefits of quinoline ring installation to tune the chemical architectures for inducing potent anticancer
effects.

Conclusion:
Quinoline ring containing anticancer agents presents enough optimism and promise in the field of
drug discovery to motivate the researchers towards the continued explorations on such scaffolds. It is highly
likely that adequate efforts in this direction might yield some potential cancer therapeutics in the future.
Quercetin Inhibits AQP1 Translocation in High-Glucose-Cultured SRA01/04 Cells Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: He Linlin , Zhang Nan , Wang Lei , Du Lei , Li Chengcheng , Li Yuan , Li Xizhi , Zhu Xia , Lu Qian , Yin Xiaoxing 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin on Aquaporin 1
(AQP1) translocation in high glucose condition and made an attempt to clarify the underlying
mechanisms and provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetic cataract (DC).

Methods:
The human lens epithelial line SRA01/04 cells were divided into groups mentioned below:
normal glucose, high glucose with a specific time (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h), high glucose
plus the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, high glucose plus the mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin, and high glucose plus quercetin with different
doses (2 μmol/L, 4 μmol/L and 8 μmol/L). The western blotting assay was used to detect the protein
kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (m-
TOR), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and AQP1. Real-time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of AQP1. A Membrane and Cytosol
Protein Extraction Kit was applied to separate membrane proteins. Immunofluorescence assay
was performed to evaluate the expression and location of AQP1. The effect of quercetin on the
expression of AQP1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling was detected.

Results:
AQP1 protein was found to be significantly increased in 24 hour when exposed to high
glucose condition (P<0.01). LY294002 and rapamycin inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AQP1 expression
(P<0.01), preventing the change of AQP1 location in the SRA01/04 plasma membrane
(P<0.01). This effect was further proved by immunofluorescence. In different doses of quercetin
groups (2 μmol/L, 4 μmol/L and 8 μmol/L), the phosphorylation of mTOR and Akt were decreased
and AQP1 in the membrane was changed compared with high glucose group (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
Quercetin significantly decreased the AQP1 elevation and prevented the change of
AQP1 location through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in high-glucose--
cultured SRA01/04 cells, which might have the preventable and inhibitory effects on the early development
of diabetic cataract. The specific pathophysiological role of quercetin still needs to be
verified.
Collective Response to Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Reddit and Wikipedia: Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Gozzi Nicolò , Tizzani Michele , Starnini Michele , Ciulla Fabio , Paolotti Daniela , Panisson André , Perra Nicola 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe exposure and consumption of information during epidemic outbreaks may alter people’s risk perception and trigger behavioral changes, which can ultimately affect the evolution of the disease. It is thus of utmost importance to map the dissemination of information by mainstream media outlets and the public response to this information. However, our understanding of this exposure-response dynamic during the COVID-19 pandemic is still limited.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to characterize the media coverage and collective internet response to the COVID-19 pandemic in four countries: Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.MethodsWe collected a heterogeneous data set including 227,768 web-based news articles and 13,448 YouTube videos published by mainstream media outlets, 107,898 user posts and 3,829,309 comments on the social media platform Reddit, and 278,456,892 views of COVID-19–related Wikipedia pages. To analyze the relationship between media coverage, epidemic progression, and users’ collective web-based response, we considered a linear regression model that predicts the public response for each country given the amount of news exposure. We also applied topic modelling to the data set using nonnegative matrix factorization.ResultsOur results show that public attention, quantified as user activity on Reddit and active searches on Wikipedia pages, is mainly driven by media coverage; meanwhile, this activity declines rapidly while news exposure and COVID-19 incidence remain high. Furthermore, using an unsupervised, dynamic topic modeling approach, we show that while the levels of attention dedicated to different topics by media outlets and internet users are in good accordance, interesting deviations emerge in their temporal patterns.ConclusionsOverall, our findings offer an additional key to interpret public perception and response to the current global health emergency and raise questions about the effects of attention saturation on people’s collective awareness and risk perception and thus on their tendencies toward behavioral change.
Development of a Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention to Support Lifestyle Behavior Change and Well-Being in Health Care Staff: Participatory Design Study
Authors: Brown Menna , Hooper Nic , Eslambolchilar Parisa , John Ann 
Published: September 2020

Background
Positive emotional well-being is associated with healthier lifestyle choices and overall health function, whereas poor mental health is associated with significant economic and psychological costs. Thus, the development of effective interventions that improve emotional well-being is crucial to address the worldwide burden of disease.

Objective
This study aims to develop a web-based emotional well-being intervention for use by health care staff using participatory design to consider adherence and engagement from a user perspective.

Methods
A 3-staged iterative participatory design process was followed, including multiple stakeholders: researchers, computer scientists, mental health experts, and health care staff. Stage 1 used document analyses, direct observation, and welcome interviews; stage 2 used focus group discussions, rapid prototyping, and usability tasks; and stage 3 evaluated a high-fidelity prototype.

Results
Different health care staff (N=38) participated during a sustained period. A structured, sequential, automated, 12-week, web-based emotional well-being intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy was developed. Freely navigated psychoeducational resources were also included.

Conclusions
The iterative and collaborative participatory design process successfully met its objectives. It generated an in-depth understanding of well-being within the workplace and identified barriers to access. The 3-staged process ensured that participants had the opportunity to explore and articulate criteria relevant to their roles over time and reflect on decisions made at each stage.
Transmission Dynamics of the COVID-19 Epidemic at the District Level in India: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Saurabh Suman , Verma Mahendra Kumar , Gautam Vaishali , Kumar Nitesh , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: September 2020

Background
On March 9, 2020, the first COVID-19 case was reported in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, in the northwestern part of India. Understanding the epidemiology of COVID-19 at a local level is becoming increasingly important to guide measures to control the pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the serial interval and basic reproduction number (R0) to understand the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak at a district level. We used standard mathematical modeling approaches to assess the utility of these factors in determining the effectiveness of COVID-19 responses and projecting the size of the epidemic.

Methods
Contact tracing of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 was performed to obtain the serial intervals. The median and 95th percentile values of the SARS-CoV-2 serial interval were obtained from the best fits with the weibull, log-normal, log-logistic, gamma, and generalized gamma distributions. Aggregate and instantaneous R0 values were derived with different methods using the EarlyR and EpiEstim packages in R software.

Results
The median and 95th percentile values of the serial interval were 5.23 days (95% CI 4.72-5.79) and 13.20 days (95% CI 10.90-18.18), respectively. R0 during the first 30 days of the outbreak was 1.62 (95% CI 1.07-2.17), which subsequently decreased to 1.15 (95% CI 1.09-1.21). The peak instantaneous R0 values obtained using a Poisson process developed by Jombert et al were 6.53 (95% CI 2.12-13.38) and 3.43 (95% CI 1.71-5.74) for sliding time windows of 7 and 14 days, respectively. The peak R0 values obtained using the method by Wallinga and Teunis were 2.96 (95% CI 2.52-3.36) and 2.92 (95% CI 2.65-3.22) for sliding time windows of 7 and 14 days, respectively. R0 values of 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.03-1.21) for the 7- and 14-day sliding time windows, respectively, were obtained on July 6, 2020, using method by Jombert et al. Using the method by Wallinga and Teunis, values of 0.32 (95% CI 0.27-0.36) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.58-0.63) were obtained for the 7- and 14-day sliding time windows, respectively. The projection of cases over the next month was 2131 (95% CI 1799-2462). Reductions of transmission by 25% and 50% corresponding to reasonable and aggressive control measures could lead to 58.7% and 84.0% reductions in epidemic size, respectively.

Conclusions
The projected transmission reductions indicate that strengthening control measures could lead to proportionate reductions of the size of the COVID-19 epidemic. Time-dependent instantaneous R0 estimation based on the process by Jombart et al was found to be better suited for guiding COVID-19 response at the district level than overall R0 or instantaneous R0 estimation by the Wallinga and Teunis method. A data-driven approach at the local level is proposed to be useful in guiding public health strategy and surge capacity planning.
Association of Prodromal Type 1 Diabetes With School Absenteeism of Danish Schoolchildren: A Population-Based Case-Control Study of 1,338 Newly Diagnosed Children
Authors: Thingholm Peter R. , Gaulke Amanda , Eriksen Tine M. , Svensson Jannet , Skipper Niels 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
To investigate school absenteeism before the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children who develop the disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This population-based, retrospective case-control study involved all Danish children who developed type 1 diabetes and attended public schools (n = 1,338) from 2010 to 2017. Those children were matched at a 1-to-5 ratio, on the basis of sex and date of birth, to children without diabetes (n = 6,690). Case and control absenteeism were compared monthly, starting with 12 months prior to the type 1 diabetes diagnosis through 12 months after diagnosis.

RESULTS
Before the diabetes diagnosis (7–12 months), the mean number of days absent from school per month was 0.93 (SD 1.78) among children with diabetes and 0.93 (1.82) among control children (difference −0.004 days, P = 0.94). From 4 months before the diagnosis, children who developed diabetes had a statistically significant increase in absenteeism compared with control children (difference 0.24 days, P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Children who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes had increased school absenteeism 4 months before diagnosis.
“Eva Moderna”: Representações de gênero em periódicos dos anos 1920: um olhar transnacional
Authors: Gorberg Marissa 
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo visamos empreender uma análise entrecruzada de representações gráfico-satíricas publicadas em periódicos dos anos 1920, como prisma privilegiado para divisar ideias que permeavam as construções de gênero no circuito da mídia impressa nos dois lados do Atlântico.
Sob uma perspectiva da História Cultural, vislumbramos esse viés de investigação a fim de perscrutar circularidades transnacionais porventura evidenciadas nas temáticas e nos significados polissêmicos das representações, entendidas como repositórios de vestígios valorosos de arquétipos femininos, passíveis de interpretação.
Por meio de caricaturas, é possível entrever o papel dos periódicos na internacionalização da cultura e na elaboração de subjetividades; interessa-nos compreender a influência daqueles veículos nas mudanças de comportamento, nas demandas e aspirações das mulheres e consequente alteração de seu lugar social, em meio à difusão de gostos e valores, sensibilidades e imaginários, compartilhados em produções que conjugavam imagem, texto e humor.
Antiproliferative, cholinesterase and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of the DCM sub-extract of Uvaria alba: In vitro and in silico perspectives
Authors: Quimque Mark Tristan J. , Notarte Kin Israel R. , letada arianne , Fernandez Rey Arturo T. , Pueblos Kirstin Rhys S. , Pilapil Delfin Yñigo H. , Agbay Jay Carl M. , Dahse Hans-Martin , Wenzel-Storjohann Arlette , Tasdemir Deniz , Khan Abbas , We Dong-Qing , Macabeo Allan Patrick G. 
Published: September 2020

Aims: To evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative, anticholinesterase and anti-phosphodiesterase activities of the sub-extracts of Uvaria alba (family Annonaceae) and explore putative binding mechanisms of its chemical constituents in silico. Main methods: U. alba sub-extracts, obtained by solvent-solvent partition, were subjected to antiproliferative and cytotoxicity screening against chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, respectively. Inhibitory assays against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and phosphodiesterase (PDE4 B2) enzymes were also performed. The dichloromethane sub-extract (UaD) was chemically profiled using LC-HR-ESIMS-QToF to identify secondary metabolites 1–18. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the affinity of the putatively annotated metabolites against PDE4 B2B, AChE, ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). In addition, DFT calculations were also performed to demonstrate Michael addition reaction between electrophilic cytotoxic metabolites and Cys151 of the Keap1-BTB domain. Key findings: UaD showed antiproliferative and cytostatic activities against K-562 and HeLa, respectively, and inhibitory activities against AChE and PDE4 B2. Meanwhile, its polyphenolic constituents 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3’,4’,6-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone (8) and grandifloracin (15) showed favorable binding to AChE and Keap1-BTB domain, respectively. The most electrophilic and kinetically stable grandifloracin (15), favorably formed a beta-addition adduct with the Cys151 of Keap1 via Michael addition. The top-ranked ligand-protein complexes attained dynamic stability at 50-ns simulations with high free energy of binding. The top-ranked compounds also conferred favorable in silico pharmacokinetic properties. Significance: The study highlights the role of U. alba secondary metabolites as potential inhibitors against the aforementioned target proteins in an effort to discover new drug leads for cancer and Alzheimer’s.
The study on effect of home based pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kalaichandar M  , Kirubakaran K  , Baskaran V  , Kokila K  , Jeevitha M  , Ravichandran S  
Published: September 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a leadingcauseof mortality and morbidity globally (3 million deaths in 2012). COPD is common in older population and kills on average one person every 10 seconds. In 2002, COPD was the fifth leading cause of death. Total deaths from COPD are proposed to grow through more than 30% in the next 10 years. Estimations indicate that COPD in 2030 turns into the 0.33 main reason for the loss of life worldwide. The WHO estimate quotes a figure of almost 5,56,000 deaths attributable to COPD in the SoutheastAsian region, which majorly comprises India. The challenge in both treatment and prevention of COPD remains the same. Despite major improvement in health care particularly in the treatment of COPD, the mortality due to COPD tends to be high and is expected to increase in the future according to . Use intolerance is an individual and a disturbing appearance of the disease. Lack of physical activity in COPD patients contributes a major complication to the disease. Oral or inhaled medicine have incomplete role in cultivating the physical capacity of these patients. So the main aim of treatment is control of symptoms, decreasing exacerbation frequency and hospitalization rates, maximizing lung function, refining the quality of life and implementation capacity by means of pulmonary reintegration. Extensive search of literature has not revealed larger data on effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in management of COPD pertaining to South Indian population. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of home based rehabilitation program in South Indian population.