bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The possible role of S gene mutations of hepatitis B virus in intrauterine transmission
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Feng Yongliang , Yang Zhiqing , Zhang Ruijun , Wang Dandan , Yi Linzhu , Feng Shuying , Wang Bo , Wang Suping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Many hepatitis B virus (HBV) substances could inevitably enter fetuses and occurred neonatal intrauterine transmission. HBV often occurs mutation, especially S gene, and may lead to different outcomes on intrauterine transmission. We explored the associations between HBV S gene mutations of hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg-positive) mothers and intrauterine transmission. Methods: A total of 399 HBsAg-positive mothers and neonates were recruited and their general demographic information was collected between June 2011 and July 2013. The mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥ 106 IU/ml were selected, 22 mothers whose neonates occurred HBV intrauterine transmission were in the HBV intrauterine transmission group (GT) and 22 mothers were randomly selected from the remaining controls were in the control group (GC). Maternal whole-genome HBV DNA was extracted, amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Obtained sequences were adjusted, genotyped, and analyzed for mutation rates. A case-control study was designed to analyze the relationship between mutations in the S gene of HBV and intrauterine transmission. Results: Fifty-five neonates were found to have experienced intrauterine transmission (13.78%). Genotype B (4.55%), genotype C (88.64%) and inter-genotype B/C (6.81%) were found in the 44 HBsAg-positive mothers. The mutation rates of the S gene, in both genotypes B (0.58% vs 1.41%, P = 0.040) and C (7.56% vs 14.71%, P＜0.001), were lower in group T than in group C. Missense substitutions such as L84I, P47S, K10Q, A41P, M133L, A60V, and I42T only existed in group C. The mutation rates of G73S, I126T, and I126S in group C were higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.010). Deletions occurred in the S gene. The occurrence of intrauterine transmission with maternal mutation A90V was higher (P < 0.001). This may have increased the risk of neonatal HBsAg expression (P = 0.022). Conclusions: The HBV S gene mutations of HBsAg-positive mothers may reduce the occurrence of HBV intrauterine transmission. It is possible for HBsAg-positive mothers infected with A90V to develop HBV chronic infection and transmit it to the fetus during pregnancy, resulting in neonatal HBV infection.
The effect of prenatal and postnatal treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin on severity of neonatal hemochromatosis: the tale of two brothers (case report)
Authors: Samedi Veronica Mugarab , Ryan Michelle D , Awad Essa Al , Elsharkawy Adel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a rare condition that was the main reason for liver transplantation in infants. With the realization that NH results from the fetal complement-mediated liver injury, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) were successfully introduced for the treatment. Case Presentation: We present two cases of NH from the same family to illustrate the role of antenatal treatment with IVIG in alleviation and possible prevention of this serious morbidity. Conclusion: A prenatal treatment and early postnatal administration of IVIG are effective ways to manage NH that help to reduce the severity of the symptoms, prevent liver failure and avoid the need for liver transplantation Keywords: Neonatal hemochromatosis, Intravenous immunoglobulin, prenatal treatment
Investigating Barriers and Challenges to Tuberculosis Service Delivery in Hard-to-Reach Riverine Areas: A Mixed-Methods Study in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Alphonsus Chukwuka , Chukwu Joseph N. , Pande Tripti , Nwafor Charles C. , Meka Anthony O. , Eze Chinwe C. , Ekeke Ngozi , Ikebudu Joy , Anyim Moses C. , Creswell Jacob , Smelyanskaya Marina , Ukwaja Kingsley N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Little is known about the challenges and barriers to tuberculosis (TB) service delivery in hard-to-reach riverine populations in Nigeria. The missing TB cases in such key populations need to be found if the End TB targets are to be met. This study explored perceptions and attitudes related to TB, as well as the level of diagnostic and treatment delays in communities of the riverine Niger Delta.Methods This was an exploratory mixed-methods study carried out in two states (Bayelsa and Delta) situated in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. It consisted of quantitative surveys of community members and TB patients, FGDs with community members and KIIs with health care workers.Results The questionnaire survey was completed by 597 community members (51.6% female) and 51 TB patients (56.9% female); 73 community members and 15 HCWs participated in FGDs and interviews respectively. Community members’ mean [SD] knowledge and attitude scores were 6.1/10 [2.2] and 4.8/12 [1.9] respectively. Older age (>40y) (p=0.04) and regular income (p<0.001) were independent predictors of TB knowledge. Good TB knowledge (aOR 2.5; 95% C.I. 1.5 – 4.4) and formal education (aOR 5.8; 95% C.I. 1.3 – 25.6) were associated with positive TB attitudes. Patients’ TB knowledge was similar at 6.8/8 [1.5]. Most (98.8%) respondents took >1 hour to access the nearest diagnostic centre. Mean patient-related and health system-related diagnostic delays were 16.3 and 3.7 weeks respectively. Mean treatment delay was found to be 0.5 weeks. Patient-related, financial, cultural and structural barriers were found to delay TB diagnosis and treatment in this environment. Belief in faith healing and herbal remedies, transport barriers, and negative HCW attitudes were prominent themes in FGDs. Problems transporting sputum samples and tracing mobile communities were primary HCW complaints.Conclusions A number of barriers affect TB service delivery in hard-to-reach riverine communities in Nigeria. Our study suggests that an appropriately designed community intervention can improve TB service delivery in these communities. The main focus will be to address information asymmetry between service providers and the community, empower affected communities to find cases, engage informal providers such as patent medicine vendors, and strengthen the health system.
Circulating Heat Shock Protein 27 Is a Novel Marker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Xinru , Shi Jie , Lu Bin , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Yehong , Wen Jie , Hu Renming , Yang Zhen , Wang Xuanchun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been proposed as a vital protective factor in atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between circulating HSP27 and intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery in patients with type 2 diabetes and to determine if HSP27 is an independent marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in diabetes.Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study consisting of 186 Chinese subjects with the median duration of diabetes of 8.2 years who underwent carotid IMT measurement by ultrasound. Serum HSP27 levels were assessed by ELISA method. Results: Serum HSP27 levels were significantly higher in IMT (+, ＞1.0 mm) group than IMT (-, ≤1.0 mm) group, with the median value of 8.80 ng/mL (5.62-12.25) and 6.93 ng/mL (4.23-9.60) respectively (P=0.006). Spearman's rank correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of circulating HSP27 were positively correlated with carotid IMT (r=0.198, P=0.007) and blood urea nitrogen (r=0.170, P＜0.05). Furthermore, in the logistic model, serum HSP27 levels were independent predictors for carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic patients after adjustment for sex, smoking status, onset age of diabetes, duration of diabetes, BMI, SBP, FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting insulin, fasting C peptide and HOMA-IR (OR=1.084, P＜0.05).Conclusions: Circulating HSP27, positively correlated with carotid IMT, is an independent predictor for early atherosclerotic changes in diabetes and serves as a novel marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.
Enhanced recovery care versus traditional care following osteotomies in developmental dysplasia of the hip in children: a retrospective case-cohort study
Authors: Li Jin , Rai Saroj , Ze Renhao , Tang Xin , Liu Ruikang , Hong Pan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been shown to shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications in many surgical fields. However, there has been a paucity of research examining the application of ERAS in major pediatric orthopedic surgeries. This study aims to compare the perioperative complications and length of hospital stay after osteotomies in children of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) between ERAS and traditional care group.Methods: The ERAS group consisted of 86 patients included in the ERAS program from January 2016 to December 2017. The Control group consisted of 82 DDH patients who received osteotomies from January 2014 to December 2015. Length of hospital stay, physiological function, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results: The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly reduced from 10.0±3.1 in the traditional care group to 6.0±0.8 days in the ERAS(P<0.001). Pain response was better in the ERAS group than traditional care group in terms of mean 3-day VAS score (2.9±0.8 vs. 4.0±0.8, P<0.001) and maximum VAS score (4.1±0.8 vs. 4.9±0.8, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of break-out pain (VAS >4) between two groups (29.5±6.3 vs.30.6±6.5, P=0.276 ). The frequency of fever is lower in the ERAS group, possibly due to better temperature monitoring and management in the operating room. The frequency of urinary infection in both groups were not noticeable because the catheter was removed promptly after the surgery. Conclusion: The ERAS protocol is both safe and feasible for pediatric DDH patients undergoing osteotomies, and it can shorten the length of hospital stay without increasing the risk of perioperative complications.
The role of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio on ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis and sacroiliac arthritis staging
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Yuan , Jin Xiaxia , Lu Guoguang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the sacroiliac joints, lumbar spine, thoracic spine and even cervical spine, and could leading to disability due to the failure of timely treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to for AS treatment. The lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a systemic inflammatory and immunological indicator for prediction of disease development and progression. However, its role in AS remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LMR in AS diagnosis, disease activity classification and sacroiliac arthritis staging. Methods: Seventy-eight AS patients and 78 sex-age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AS was performed according to the New York criteria, whereas the staging of sacroiliac arthritis of AS patients was determined by X-ray examination.Comparison of between AS patients and HCs and between patients with high and low stages on LMR levels and other laboratory indicators were carried out. Results: A higher level of NLR, RDW, PLR, MPV, ESR, CRP and lower level of RBC, Hb, Hct, LMR, ALT, AST, TBIL and A/G were noted in the AS patients compared to HCs. A positive correlation was observed between LMR and RBC, Hb, Hct and A/G, while negative correlation was found between LMR and NLR, PLR, AST, TBIL (P< 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of LMR was 0.803(95%CI =0.734-0.872), with a sensitivity and specificity of 62.8% and 87.2%,and the AUC (95%CI) for ESR, CRP and LMR in the combined diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis were 0.975(0.948-1.000),with the sensitivity and specificity of 94.9% and 97.4% .Levels of WBC and NLR were higher in high X-ray stage patients, whereas levels of LMR was lower (P<0.05) and statistical differences were observed of LMR values among different stages (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that LMR is an important inflammatory marker that can be used to diagnosis AS and identify disease activity and X-ray stage of sacroiliac arthritis in AS patients.
Morin inhibits Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vivo and in vitro by targeting listeriolysin O and inflammation
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Guizhen , Li Meng , Li Li , Liu Hongtao , Sun Meiyang , Wen Zhongmei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a global opportunistic intracellular pathogen that can cause many diseases, including meningitis and abortion in humans and animals; thus, L. monocytogenes poses a great threat to public safety and the development of the aquaculture industry. The pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is one of the most important virulence factors of L. monocytogenes; LLO can promote cytosolic bacterial proliferation and aid in evading the attacks of the host immune system. In addition, L. monocytogenes infection can trigger a series of severe inflammatory reactions.Results: Here, on the basis of our previous studies, we further confirmed that morin lacking anti-Listeria activity could inhibit LLO oligomerization and found that morin could effectively alleviate the inflammation induced by Listeria in vivo and in vitro and has an obvious protective effect on infected cells and mice.Conclusions: Thus, we further prove that morin is a valuable drug precursor to be developed for the treatment of Listeria infection.
Phytohormone up-regulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and nitrogen metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress
Authors: Tiwari Sanjesh , Patel Anuradha , Prasad Sheo Mohan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Current study deals with the assuaging effects of two phytohormones; indole acetic acid (IAA; 290 nM) and kinetin (KN; 10 nM) on growth, phycobiliproteins, status of nitrogen metabolism and biochemical constituents; protein, carbohydrate and exopolysaccharide contents in two diazotrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena exposed to chromium (CrVI) stress (100 µM and 150 µM). Chromium individually at both the tested doses expressively declined the growth, chlorophyll a to carotenoid ratio and contents of phycobiliproteins; phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and phycoerythrin (PE). With distinctive impact on status of nitrogen metabolism chromium significantly reduced the nitrate (NO3—) and nitrite (NO2—) uptake rate and foremost decrease in nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzyme; nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) except glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). However, beneath alike condition, exogenous application of IAA and KN exhibited noteworthy assuaging effects on growth-regulating parameters in both the paddy field cyanobacteria, which consummately occurred as a result of substantial decrease in Cr uptake and inducing signaling responses and also enhances the growth parameter i.e. nitrogen metabolism as a result of considerable lowering in Cr induced damaging effect on nitrogen metabolism and uptake rate, and the alleviating effect was more pronounced with the lower dose of Cr, efficient in N.muscorum than Anabaena.
Oleate prevents palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes
Authors: Vaquez-Mosquera Maria , Fernandez-Moreno Mercedes , Cortes-Pereira Estefania , Relaño Sara , Dalmao-Fernandez Andrea , Duran-Sotuela Alejandro , Ramos-Louro Paloma , Pérez Ignacio Rego , Blanco Francisco J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND : The clear association between obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) in joints not subjected to mechanical overload, together with the relationship between OA and metabolic syndrome (MS), suggests that there are systemic factors related to metabolic disorders that are involved in the metabolic phenotype of OA. The aim of this work is to study the effects of palmitate (PA) and oleate (OL), as the most abundant fatty acids (FA) present in the diet and serum, on cellular metabolism in an " in vitro " model of human chondrocytes. METHODS :.The Seahorse XF96 Analyzer was used tomeasure the mitochondrial, glycolytic function and the contribution of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorilation system (OXPHOS) and glycolysis to the production of ATP, in the T/C-28a2 chondrocyte treated with to PA, OL and palmitate/oleate (PA/OL) ratio 1:2. Subsequently ATP bioluminescence assay kit was used for ATP quantification. To detect the presence of lipid droplets, two types of stains were performed and the amount of Triglycerides was quantified spectrophotometrically. RESULTS : PA, but not OL, produces mitochondrial dysfunction observed with a lower rate of OCR intended for the synthesis of ATP, coupling efficiency, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Glycolytic function showed lower rates for both glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve when cells were incubated withFA in relation to basal condition (BC). The production rate of ATP from OXPHOS showed lower values in chondrocytes incubated with any of the FAs. The evaluation of possible formation of Lipid droplets (LD) showed a significant increase of these structures in FA conditions, being significantly higher when the cells were incubated with OL. CONCLUSIONS : PA and OL show antagonistic effects in human chondrocytes; while increased levels of PA induce mitochondrial dysfunction and hinder the response of chondrocytes through the glycolytic pathway, OL shows a cytoprotective effect through which promotes the formation of triglycerides-rich LD, as well as the incorporation of PA.
The patterns of maxillofacial fractures in traumatic head injury patients in Songklanagarind hospital: a retrospective study.
Authors: Chansanti Orawan , Anusitviwat Yaninee , Mongkornwong Atthawit 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Maxillofacial injury was usually found in low to middle countries moreover it commonly associated with brain injury, the major etiological factors are traffic collision, violence, and fall from hight. The incidence and etiology was important to developed treatment moreover to improve patient care in the future. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of the pattern of maxillofacial fracture in a patient with a traumatic head injury and to measure the incidence of the cause of injury, age, and gender distribution Methods: This is a retrospective study in Songhklanagarind hospital. We evaluate all patients who presented with a concomitant maxillofacial and traumatic head injury in Songklanagarind hospital between 2007 and 2016. Results: 859 patients consisting of 73.3% male and 22.7% female. The mean age was 39.5 years.The severity of the traumatic head injury was mild traumatic head injury 70.15%. Moreover the alcohol consumption was significantly related to a mild and severe traumatic head injury (P < 0.05). The most frequent was maxilla bone. 33.9% of patients were undergone the operation. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, the maxilla bone fracture was the most frequent site involved. The patients with mild traumatic head injury are related to the coronoid process of mandible, Le Fort fracture type II and type III, moderate traumatic head injury is only related to the coronoid process of mandible and severe traumatic head injury are related to Le Fort fracture type II and III. Keyword: traumatic head injury, maxillofacial fracture
Prevalence, indications and associated factors of cesarean section delivery at public hospitals in Wolayta Zone Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: Tenaw Zelalem , Yohannes Zemenu , Siyoum Melesse , Mekonnene Shewangizaw , Bekele Gezahegn , Astatkie Ayalew , Kahsaye Zerai , Taye Kefyalew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Cesarean section is a common major operation performed on women in developing and developed parties.Today the cesarean section is alarmingly increasing in both low and middle-income countries while maternal morbidity and mortality could not be decreased at the expected level.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, indication and associated factors of cesarean section, in Wolayta Zone, Southern, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01-February 30, 2017 on a sample of 514 mothers who delivered at public hospitals in Wolayta Zone. The mothers were selected using systematic random sampling.The data were collected using structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires at the postnatal ward of each hospital. Data entry and cleaning were done by using EPI Data3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 software package for analysis.Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to test the presence of association between dependent and independent variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results : The result revealed that 29.8% (95% CI:25.9-33.7) of women who delivered at public hospitals were by Cesarean section. A woman who had unstable conditions during labor and women who followed by partograph had higher odds of cesarean section delivery .Whereas, women who live in urban, women who had previous pregnancy complications,women who had not current obstetric problems and the number of seniors less than two had lower odds of cesarean section delivery.Obstructed labor, fetal distress,cephalic pelvic disproportion, previous c/s scar, Antepartum hemorrhage, mal-presentation, big baby, failed induction or augmentation, twin pregnancy, and cord prolapse were the identified indications for cesarean section in Wolayta Zone. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of cesarean section was high compared to the WHO threshold. women who follow up by partograph had high odds of cesarean section delivery.The number of seniors greater than two had a significant effect on the reduction of the cesarean section. Hence,the hospital could be trained obstetric care providers proper plotting of partograph to decrease unnecessary cesarean section. Deployment of the above two seniors at the hospitals could be a reduced unnecessary cesarean section. Keywords: Prevalence, indication, associated factors, cesarean section, Ethiopia