bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance among overweight and obese premenopausal females
Authors: Foula Walaa H. , Emara Rana H. , Eldeeb Mona K. , Mokhtar Samiha A. , El-Sahn Fikrat A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity has emerged as a public health crisis in many populations including Egypt. Adipose tissue produces a number of adipokines, one of them is adiponectin which has attracted much attention because of its antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects.

Objective
To determine the effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among overweight and obese adult premenopausal females.

Study design
A pre-postintervention study was carried out among 95 premenopausal overweight and obese females (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 20 to 40 years at the integrated health clinic affiliated to the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt, from February 2016 to February 2017. All participants underwent a weight loss program based on a reduced calorie balanced diet and advised to increase their physical activity. Dietary instructions and follow-up were done weekly throughout 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected to investigate serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance at the beginning and the end of the intervention.

Results
After 16 weeks, a significant decrease in body weight by 9.7% was associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin from 13.3 ± 4.9 μg/ml to 18.5 ± 5.6 μg/ml. Both fasting insulin and insulin resistance had decreased significantly by 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively.

Conclusion
A weight reduction program depending on a reduced calorie diet for 16 weeks was associated with a significant increase in total adiponectin level and reduction in insulin resistance. An emphasis on the importance of keeping normal weight through nutritional education and the promotion of healthy diets is recommended to reduce the risk of occurrence of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Susceptibility role of soluble HLA-G and HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Sarah S. , Ali Ekhlass N. , Alkhalidi Nawal M. F. , Zaki Neihaya H. , Ad’hiah Ali H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is fundamentally related to a dysregulated immune response in the intestinal mucosa against microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the genetic and immunological factors that are suggested to have role in etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecules. Therefore, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) serum level and genetic association with HLA-G 14-bp insertion (Ins)/deletion (Del) polymorphism was analyzed in 100 IBD patients; 50 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 50 Crohn’s disease (CD), and 100 controls.

Results
sHLA-G level was significantly elevated in IBD patients compared to controls (174.7 ± 27.1 vs. 126.8 ± 15.1; corrected probability [pc] < 0.001). The level was also elevated in UC patients compared to CD patients but the difference was not significant (180.5 ± 27.1 vs. 168.9 ± 26.3; p = 0.059). Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed the significance of sHLA-G in total IBD, UC, and CD patients (area under curve = 0.944, 0.961, and 0.927, respectively). The genetic association was analyzed under five genetic models (allele, recessive, dominant, overdominant, and codominant). At the allele level, Del allele frequency was significantly increased in total IBD patients (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27–2.94; pc = 0.018) and CD patients (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.23–3.54; pc = 0.042) compared to controls. Among UC patients, a similar increased frequency was observed, but the pc value was not significance (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.07–3.00; p = 0.031). At the genotypic level, Del/Del genotype was associated with a significantly increased IBD-risk in total patients under codominant model (OR = 4.06; 95% CI = 1.56–10.56; pc = 0.024). sHLA-G level was not influenced by the Ins/Del polymorphism.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a significant increase in serum level of sHLA-G in UC and CD patients. Further, HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to IBD, particularly CD.
Renal Artery Aneurysm Due to Fenestration of a Branch of the Renal Artery: A Case Study
Authors: Karashima Shigehiro , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Aono Daisuke , Higashitani Takuya , Nishimoto Yuya , Konishi Seigoh , Demura Masashi , Takeda Yoshiyu , Yoneda Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Artery fenestration is a congenital vascular malformation, often of the intracranial arteries, that causes an aneurysm. However, there have been no reports of artery fenestration causing renal aneurysm. We present the case of a 58-year-old man who developed renin-dependent hypertension. He was aware of heaviness of the head, and his blood pressure was 196/134 mm Hg on 5 mg of amlodipine. Laboratory tests showed hypokalemia, hyperreninemia, and hyperaldosteronemia. An enhanced 3-dimensional computed tomography scan showed a 19-mm renal aneurysm in a branch of the left renal artery, and renal arteriography showed a fenestration in the aneurysm-forming branch. Coil embolization was performed on the central side of the artery forming the aneurysm and fenestration, after which blood pressure, serum potassium, and plasma renin levels improved. The patient in the present case had renin-dependent hypertension as a result of decreased renal blood flow caused by the renal aneurysm and fenestration, which is considered an extremely rare etiology of hypertension.
Is vitamin D a modifiable risk factor for dental caries?
Authors: Dodhia Serena A. , West Nicola X. , Thomas Steven J. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Johansson Ingegerd , Lif Holgerson Pernilla , Dudding Tom , Haworth Simon 
Published: December 2020

Background: Prior observational studies have reported that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with decreased caries risk in children. However, these studies are prone to bias and confounding so do not provide causal inference. Genetic variants associated with a risk factor of interest can be used as proxies, in a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, to test for causal association with an outcome. The objective was to estimate the causal association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (the commonly measured vitamin D metabolite in blood) and dental caries using a MR approach which estimates the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. Methods: A total of 79 genetic variants reliably associated with 25(OH)D were identified from genome-wide association studies and used as a proxy measure of 25(OH)D. The association of this proxy measure with three outcome measures was tested; specifically: caries in primary teeth (n=17,035, aged 3-12 years), caries in permanent teeth in childhood and adolescence (n=13,386, aged 6-18 years), and caries severity in adulthood proxied by decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) counts (n=26,792, aged 18-93 years). Results: The estimated causal effect of a one standard deviation increase in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D could be summarized as an odds ratio of 1.06 (95%CI: 0.81, 1.31; P=0.66) for caries in primary teeth and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.76, 1.23; P=0.97) for caries in permanent teeth in childhood and adolescence. In adults, the estimated casual effect of a one standard deviation increase in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was 0.31 fewer affected tooth surfaces (95%CI: from 1.81 fewer DMFS to 1.19 more DMFS; P=0.68) Conclusions: The MR-derived effect estimates for these three measures are small in magnitude with wide confidence intervals and do not provide evidence against the null hypothesis of no effect.
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF YARROW (ACHILLED MILLEFOLIUM L. COMMON DANDELION) (message III)
Authors: Hadarcev Aleksandr , Suhih G. , Platonov V. , Volochaeva M. , Dunaev V. , Frankevich V. , Datieva Fatima 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to detail the information about the peculiarities of the chemical composition and structural organization of different groups of compounds of organic matter, yarrow, revealing the influence of nature of the extractant on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of extractable compounds in the obtained chloroform extract, and identifying new pharmacological actions of the latter, the extension of the range of compounds already known in the literature on herbal medicine. Materials and methods of research. The chemical composition of the chloroform extract was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry under the following conditions. The chemical composition of the ethanol extract of yarrow was used by chromatography-mass spectrometry under the following conditions. GC-2010 gas chromatograph connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ-8030 running GCMS Solution 4.11 software. Identification and quantitative determination of the content of compounds were performed under the following chromatography conditions: sample input with flow division (1:10), ZB-5MS column (30m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm), injector temperature 280 °C, carrier gas-helium, gas velocity through the column 29 ml/min. Conclusion. For the first time, the chemical composition of chloroform extract, a product of sequential exhaustive extraction of yarrow by chromatography — mass spectrometry, was studied, which allows identifying 94 individual compounds for which mass spectra and structural formulas were obtained, the quantitative content was determined, and the structural and group composition of the extract was calculated. The basis of the composition of the chloroform extract is determined by hydrocarbons enriched with arenes, alkenes and alkynes, esters formed mainly by oxalic and benzoic acids, polyunsaturated fatty carboxylic acids, steroid compounds, alcohols, nitrogen-containing structures that include individual fragments of natural alkaloids, as well as a variety of organosilicon compounds that determine the main directions of pharmacological action of various yarrow preparations, including chloroform extract.
Sandstorm effect on experimental optical camera communication
Authors: Matus Vicente , Guerra Victor , Zvanovec Stanislav , Rabadan Jose , Perez-Jimenez Rafael 
Published: December 2020

Sandstorms can severely affect the reliability of outdoor optical wireless communications (OWC) by diminishing large regions’ visibility. In this work, the effect of a real sandstorm on optical camera communications (OCC) links is experimentally evaluated. Two link ranges are essayed using a cost-efficient telescope-based camera setup with commercial LEDs. Using on–off keying modulation, a data rate of 1035 and 630 bps with error probabilities of

9.14
⋅

10

−
5

and

4.1
⋅

10

−
3

for 100 m and 200 m, respectively, can be achieved. The signal-to-noise ratio of the links was optimized by tuning the analog amplifier’s gain of the camera, increasing it by up to 9 dB. It is shown that scattering due to the sandstorm can even be beneficial for increasing the data rate in OCC (contrary to classical photodetector-based OWC links), thanks to an increment of 33% on the region of interest dimensions compared to the expected clear air link.
Erbium dopants in nanophotonic silicon waveguides
Authors: Weiss Lorenz , Gritsch Andreas , Merkel Benjamin , Reiserer Andreas 
Published: December 2020

We perform resonant spectroscopy of erbium implanted into nanophotonic silicon waveguides, finding 1 GHz inhomogeneous broadening and homogeneous linewidths below 0.1 GHz. Our study thus introduces a promising materials platform for on-chip quantum information processing.
5G als Schlüsseltechnologie für mehr Nachhaltigkeit in der Logistik?
Authors: Ruess Patrick , Litauer Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie der Mobilfunkstandard 5G zur ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit im Kombinierten Verkehr beitragen kann. Als Anwendungsbeispiel dient der Einsatz von 5G zur Umsetzung des automatisierten Rangierens auf einem Umschlagsbahnhof im Großraum Ulm. Dem Beitrag liegt die Prämisse zu Grunde, dass Treibhausgasemissionen im schienengebundenen Güterverkehr deutlich geringer ausfallen, als auf dem Verkehrsträger Straße und demnach Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden sollten, die eine entsprechende Verlagerung möglich machen. Aus einer quantitativen Datenanalyse des Straßengüterverkehrs auf Basis der Quell-Ziel-Verkehre im Großraum Ulm werden eine mögliche Verkehrsreduktion und CO2-Einsparungen abgeleitet und diskutiert. Zudem werden mögliche Wechselwirkungen durch den Aufbau und den Betrieb der zusätzlichen 5G-Infrastruktur beleuchtet. Um das Verlagerungspotential und die systemischen Effekte des automatisierten Rangierens darzulegen, werden diese entlang von drei What-If-Szenarien beschrieben. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass die relevante Straßengüterverkehrsmenge bereits vollständig durch die geschaffenen Kapazitäten in Szenario 1 abgedeckt werden kann. Mit den weiteren Szenarien wird ein zusätzliches Verlagerungspotential geschaffen. Digitalisierung und Automatisierung nehmen somit die Rolle als „Ermöglicher“ für einen Wechsel auf die Schiene als deutlich emissionsärmeren Verkehrsträger ein. Der Artikel veranschaulicht, dass sich größere Hebeleffekte erzielen lassen, wenn IT nicht allein zur Effizienzsteigerung, sondern zu einem weitreichenderen Systemwechsel eingesetzt wird. Somit wird verhindert, dass positive Effekte schnell wieder von Rebound-Effekten „aufgefressen“ werden.
Mortality and major disease risk among migrants of the 1991–2001 Balkan wars to Sweden: A register-based cohort study
Authors: Thordardottir Edda Bjork , Yin Li , Hauksdottir Arna , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Hollander Anna-Clara , Hultman Christina M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Ye Weimin , Arnberg Filip K. , Fang Fang , Holmes Emily A. , Valdimarsdottir Unnur Anna 
Published: December 2020

Background
In recent decades, millions of refugees and migrants have fled wars and sought asylum in Europe. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of mortality and major diseases among migrants during the 1991–2001 Balkan wars to Sweden in comparison to other European migrants to Sweden during the same period.

Methods and findings
We conducted a register-based cohort study of 104,770 migrants to Sweden from the former Yugoslavia during the Balkan wars and 147,430 migrants to Sweden from 24 other European countries during the same period (1991–2001). Inpatient and specialized outpatient diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and psychiatric disorders were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, and mortality data from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Adjusting for individual-level data on sociodemographic characteristics and emigration country smoking prevalence, we used Cox regressions to contrast risks of health outcomes for migrants of the Balkan wars and other European migrants. During an average of 12.26 years of follow-up, being a migrant of the Balkan wars was associated with an elevated risk of being diagnosed with CVD (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.34–1.43, p < 0.001) and dying from CVD (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.62, p < 0.001), as well as being diagnosed with cancer (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.24, p < 0.001) and dying from cancer (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.41, p < 0.001), compared to other European migrants. Being a migrant of the Balkan wars was also associated with a greater overall risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14–1.23, p < 0.001), particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (HR 9.33, 95% CI 7.96–10.94, p < 0.001), while being associated with a reduced risk of suicide (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96, p = 0.030) and suicide attempt (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51–0.65, p < 0.001). Later time period of migration and not having any first-degree relatives in Sweden at the time of immigration were associated with greater increases in risk of CVD and psychiatric disorders. Limitations of the study included lack of individual-level information on health status and behaviors of migrants at the time of immigration.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that migrants of the Balkan wars faced considerably elevated risks of major diseases and mortality in their first decade in Sweden compared to other European migrants. War migrants without family members in Sweden or with more recent immigration may be particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Results underscore that persons displaced by war are a vulnerable group in need of long-term health surveillance for psychiatric disorders and somatic disease.
Quality assessment of RNA in long-term storage: The All Our Families biorepository
Authors: Stephenson Nikki L. , Hornaday Kylie K. , Doktorchik Chelsea T. A. , Lyon Andrew W. , Tough Suzanne C. , Slater Donna M. 
Published: December 2020

Background
The All Our Families (AOF) cohort study is a longitudinal population-based study which collected biological samples from 1948 pregnant women between May 2008 and December 2010. As the quality of samples can decline over time, the objective of the current study was to assess the association between storage time and RNA (ribonucleic acid) yield and purity, and confirm the quality of these samples after 7–10 years in long-term storage.

Methods
Maternal whole blood samples were previously collected by trained phlebotomists and stored in four separate PAXgene Blood RNA Tubes (PreAnalytiX) between 2008 and 2011. RNA was isolated in 2011 and 2018 using PAXgene Blood RNA Kits (PreAnalytiX) as per the manufacturer’s instruction. RNA purity (260/280), as well as RNA yield, were measured using a Nanodrop. The RNA integrity number (RIN) was also assessed from 5–25 and 111–130 months of storage using RNA 6000 Nano Kit and Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and response feature analysis using linear regression were used to assess the association between various predictor variables and quality of the RNA isolated.

Results
Overall, RNA purity and yield of the samples did not decline over time. RNA purity of samples isolated in 2011 (2.08, 95% CI: 2.08–2.09) were statistically lower (p<0.000) than samples isolated in 2018 (2.101, 95% CI: 2.097, 2.104), and there was no statistical difference between the 2011 (13.08 μg /tube, 95% CI: 12.27–13.89) and 2018 (12.64 μg /tube, 95% CI: 11.83–13.46) RNA yield (p = 0.2964). For every month of storage, the change in RNA purity is -0.01(260/280), and the change in RNA yield between 2011 and 2018 is -0.90 μ g / tube. The mean RIN was 8.49 (95% CI:8.44–8.54), and it ranged from 7.2 to 9.5. The rate of change in expected RIN per month of storage is 0.003 (95% CI 0.002–0.004), so while statistically significant, these results are not relevant.

Conclusions
RNA quality does not decrease over time, and the methods used to collect and store samples, within a population-based study are robust to inherent operational factors which may degrade sample quality over time.
Hysterectomies are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Yeh Ying-Ting , Li Pei-Chen , Wu Kun-Chi , Yang Yu-Cih , Chen Weishan , Yip Hei-Tung , Wang Jen-Hung , Lin Shinn-Zong , Ding Dah-Ching 
Published: December 2020

Aim
This study investigated the risk of osteoporosis or bone fractures (vertebrae, hip and others) in hysterectomized women in Taiwan.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective population-based cohort study from 2000 to 2013. Women aged ≥30 years who underwent hysterectomy between 2000 and 2012 were included in this study. The comparison group was randomly selected from the database with a 1:4 matching with age and index year. Incidence rate and hazard ratios of osteoporosis and bone fracture between hysterectomized women and the comparison group were calculated. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
We identified 9,189 hysterectomized women and 33,942 age-matched women without a hysterectomy. All women were followed for a median time of about 7 years. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of subsequent osteoporosis or bone fracture was higher in the hysterectomy women (2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.09–2.44) than in the comparison group. In the subgroup analysis, oophorectomy and estrogen therapy increase the risk of osteoporosis or fracture in both groups. Regarding the fracture site, the aHR of vertebral fracture (4.92, 95% CI = 3.78–6.40) was higher in the hysterectomized women than in the comparison group. As follow-up time increasing, the aHR of vertebral fracture in hysterectomized women were 4.33 (95% CI = 2.99–6.28), 3.89 (95% CI = 2.60–5.82) and 5.42 (95% CI = 2.66–11.01) for <5, 5–9 and ≥9 years of follow-up, respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, we found that hysterectomized women might be associated with increased risks of developing osteoporosis or bone fracture.
Daya Dukung Perairan Rawa Mesangat Sebagai Habitat Buaya Siam
Authors: Muslim Teguh , Mentari Dwi Wahyu , Farhazakia Nanda 
Published: December 2020

Rawa Mesangat merupakan habitat utama buaya Siam yang tersisa di Indonesia dan juga sebagai lokasi utama bagi nelayan sekitar. Produksi ikan sebagai sumber ekonomi masyarakat sekaligus makanan potensial bagi buaya Siam dapat terus berkelanjutan bila rantai makanan ekosistem tidak terputus dengan syarat kualitas perairan yang sehat. Pengambilan sampel air ± 1200 ml di setiap lokasi yang dilakukan di 6 (enam) lokasi dalam area perairan rawa Mesangat. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan di laboratorium Peraikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Kualitas perairan menunjukkan pH yang normal, BOD 0,12 – 1,25 ppm termasuk dalam kategori tercemar rendah, COD 15,54 – 40,58 ppm dalam kategori tidak layak untuk kehidupan biota perairan, CO2 2,80 – 5,19 ppm kategori baik, TDS rendah antara 65 – 131 mg/L, TSS berkisar 7 – 87 mg/L, DO antara 2,86 – 3,19 mg/L, kadar nitrat tertinggi adalah 0,21 mg/L sedangkan kadar nitrat terendah 0,01 mg/L, kisaran suhu air antara 26 – 32oC, nilai Zn (seng) berkisar antara <0,003 – 0,02 mg/l. Perbedaan kualitas air pada setiap lokasi dapat disebabkan oleh faktor tutupan vegetasi pohon, vegetasi terapung, kekuatan arus sungai atau sirkulasi aliran air. Vegetasi terapung yang menyebar luas di perairan rawa sangat mungkin mempengaruhi kualitas air, salah satu contohnya adalah Salvinia molesta yang dapat memulihkan kualitas air atau sebaliknya tergantung kuantitas penutupan pada permukaan perairan.
Factores asociados a complicaciones crónicas de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes de un hospital general del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú
Authors: Villacorta Santamato Juan , Hilario Huapaya Nélida , Inolopú Cucche Jorge , Terrel Gutierrez Leonel , Labán Hijar Rosa , Del Aguila José , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , Hurtado-Roca Yamilée 
Published: December 2020

Introducción. Las complicaciones crónicas por diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) elevan la mortalidad y carga de enfermedad en Perú, siendo necesario evaluar su prevalencia y factores asociados. Métodos. Estudio transversal, analítico, en registros de 212 pacientes adultos con DMT2 atendidos por consulta externa en un hospital general del Seguro Social del Perú, durante el año 2017. Resultados. El 71,6% de los pacientes fueron mayores de 60 años y con un tiempo de enfermedad menor de 6 años (40,5%). El 38,7% de los pacientes tuvieron alguna complicación crónica, principalmente nefropatía (48,8%) y neuropatía (45,1%). La hipertensión arterial (52,4%) y la obesidad (43,7%) fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes en pacientes con complicaciones crónicas. Las complicaciones por DMT2 estuvieron asociadas al número de consultas médicas y monitoreo glicémico. Conclusiones. Existen factores de riesgos asociados a las complicaciones crónicas de DMT2.