bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation invigorating collagen deposition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67 expression during dermal wound repair in mice
Authors: Prabhu Vijendra , Rao Bola Sadashiva Satish , Rao Anuradha Calicut Kini , Prasad Keerthana , Mahato Krishna Kishore 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present investigation focuses on understanding the role of photobiomodulation in enhancing tissue proliferation. Circular excision wounds of diameter 1.5 cm were created on Swiss albino mice and treated immediately with 2 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 single exposures of the Helium-Neon laser along with sham-irradiated controls. During different days of healing progression (day 5, day 10, and day 15), the tissue samples upon euthanization of the animals were taken for assessing collagen deposition by Picrosirius red staining and cell proliferation (day 10) by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67. The positive influence of red light on collagen synthesis was found to be statistically significant on day 10 (P < 0.01) and day 15 (P < 0.05) post-wounding when compared to sham irradiation, as evident from the image analysis of collagen birefringence. Furthermore, a significant rise in PCNA (P < 0.01) and Ki67 (P < 0.05) expression was also recorded in animals exposed to 2 J/cm2 when compared to sham irradiation and (P < 0.01) compared to the 10 J/cm2 treated group as evidenced by the microscopy study. The findings of the current investigation have distinctly exhibited the assenting influence of red laser light on excisional wound healing in Swiss albino mice by augmenting cell proliferation and collagen deposition.
Hypothetical blood-pressure-lowering interventions and risk of stroke and dementia
Authors: Rojas-Saunero Liliana Paloma , Hilal Saima , Murray Eleanor J. , Logan Roger W. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Swanson Sonja A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to study the effects of hypothetical interventions on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and smoking on risk of stroke and dementia using data from 15 years of follow-up in the Rotterdam Study. We used data from 4930 individuals, aged 55–80 years, with no prior history of stroke, dementia or cognitive impairment, followed for 15 years within the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We defined the following sustained interventions on SBP: (1) maintaining SBP below 120 mmHg, (2) maintaining SBP below 140 mmHg, (3) reducing SBP by 10% if above 140 mmHg, (4) reducing SBP by 20% if above 140 mmHg, and a combined intervention of quitting smoking with each of these SBP-lowering strategies. We considered incident stroke and incident dementia diagnoses as outcomes. We applied the parametric g-formula to adjust for baseline and time-varying confounding. The observed 15-year risk for stroke was 10.7%. Compared to no specified intervention (i.e., the “natural course”), all interventions that involved reducing SBP were associated with a stroke risk reduction of about 10% (e.g., reducing SBP by 20% if above 140 mmHg risk ratio: 0.89; 95% CI 0.76, 1). Jointly intervening on SBP and smoking status further decreased the risk of stroke (e.g., risk ratio: 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.94). None of the specified interventions were associated with a substantive change in dementia risk. Our study suggests that a joint intervention on SBP and smoking cessation during later life may reduce stroke risk, while the potential for reducing dementia risk were not observed.
Note on the reheating temperature in Starobinsky-type potentials
Authors: Haro Jaume , Aresté Saló Llibert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relation between the reheating temperature, the number of e-folds and the spectral index is shown for the Starobinsky model and some of its descendants through a very detailed calculation of these three quantities. The conclusion is that for viable temperatures between 1 MeV and $$10^9$$

10
9

GeV the corresponding values of the spectral index enter perfectly in its $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

C.L., which shows the viability of this kind of models.
On characterizations for subclasses of directed co-graphs
Authors: Gurski Frank , Komander Dominique , Rehs Carolin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUndirected co-graphs are those graphs which can be generated from the single vertex graph by disjoint union and join operations. Co-graphs are exactly the $$P_4$$

P
4

-free graphs (where $$P_4$$

P
4

denotes the path on 4 vertices). The class of co-graphs itself and several subclasses haven been intensively studied. Among these are trivially perfect graphs, threshold graphs, weakly quasi threshold graphs, and simple co-graphs. Directed co-graphs are digraphs which can be defined by, starting with the single vertex graph, applying the disjoint union, order composition, and series composition. By omitting the series composition we obtain the subclass of oriented co-graphs which has been analyzed by Lawler in the 1970s. The restriction to linear expressions was recently studied by Boeckner. Until now, there are only a few versions of subclasses of directed co-graphs. By transmitting the restrictions of undirected subclasses to the directed classes, we define the corresponding subclasses for directed co-graphs. We consider directed and oriented versions of threshold graphs, simple co-graphs, co-simple co-graphs, trivially perfect graphs, co-trivially perfect graphs, weakly quasi threshold graphs and co-weakly quasi threshold graphs. For all these classes we give characterizations by finite sets of minimal forbidden induced subdigraphs. Additionally, we analyze the relations between these graph classes.
Thermal behavior of PLA plasticized by commercial and cardanol-derived plasticizers and the effect on the mechanical properties
Authors: Greco Antonio , Ferrari Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is aimed at studying the thermal properties of poly(lactic acid), PLA with different plasticizers. Plasticized PLA was obtained by mixing and extruding PLA with 20 mass% of neat cardanol, epoxidized cardanol acetate (ECA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400. The glass transition of completely amorphous samples, melting and crystallization behavior of plasticized PLA were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. Results obtained show that, below Tg, a higher enthalpy relaxation occurs for PLA plasticized by cardanol derivatives. This is indicative of a faster mobility of PLA chains below Tg, when cardanol derivatives are used as plasticizers. On the other hand, an opposite behavior was observed for the crystallization studies. In facts, a much faster crystallization was found for PLA plasticized by PEG, which in turn indicates a much higher mobility of PLA chains above Tg compared to PLA plasticized by cardanol derivatives. Mechanical properties obtained on completely amorphous samples show that PLA plasticized by ECA is characterized by lower modulus, which is indicative of a more efficient plasticization. On the other hand, the thicker crystals formed during crystallization of PLA plasticized by ECA involve a more relevant increase in the modulus in semicrystalline samples.
Application of divided convective-dispersive transport model to simulate variability of conservative transport processes inside a planted horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Dittrich Ernő , Klincsik Mihály , Somfai Dávid , Dolgos-Kovács Anita , Kiss Tibor , Szekeres Anett 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper offers a novel application of our model worked out in Maple environment to help understand the very complex transport processes in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland with coarse gravel (HSFCW-C). We made tracer measurements: Inside a constructed wetland, we had 9 sample points, and samples were taken from each point at two depths. Our model is a divided convective-dispersive transport (D-CDT) model which makes a fitted response curve from the sum of two separate CDT curves showing the contributions of the main and side streams. Analytical solutions of CDT curves are inverse Gaussian distribution functions. This model was fitted onto inner points of the measurements to demonstrate that the model gives better fitting to the inner points than the commonly used convective-dispersive transport model. The importance of this new application of the model is that it can resemble transport processes in these constructed wetlands more precisely than the regularly used convective-dispersive transport (CDT) model. The model allows for calculations of velocity and dispersion coefficients. The results showed that this model gave differences of 4–99% (of velocity) and 2–474% (of dispersion coefficient) compared with the CDT model and values were closer to actual hydraulic behavior. The results also demonstrated the main flow path in the system.
Properties of feedback mechanisms on digital platforms: an exploratory study
Authors: Steur Andreas J. , Seiter Mischa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany digital platforms implement feedback mechanisms as a means to control the behavior of their users. However, there is a lack of theoretical explanation regarding the interrelation between design characteristics of feedback mechanisms and their effects. In this study, we interpret feedback mechanisms as a specific type of management control to propose properties as a new theoretical perspective on this problem. Our exploratory study has two objectives. First, we analyze how digital platforms design their feedback mechanisms. Second, we examine to what extent feedback mechanisms comply with standards given in the management control literature for our newly introduced properties. Analyzing the 102 most widely used platforms in Germany, we find dominant patterns in nearly all design characteristics (e.g., query method, submission category and scale level). Furthermore, we find mixed compliance of feedback mechanisms with our introduced properties (e.g., low precision but high sensitivity and verifiability). For a deeper understanding of these results, especially the reasons for the design choices, we conduct 14 semi-structured expert interviews. We find simplicity and inspiration from other platforms to be dominant drivers for design choices.
An integrated framework for visualizing and forecasting realized covariance matrices
Authors: Shigemoto Hideto , Morimoto Takayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an integrated framework for visualizing and forecasting realized covariance matrices to enable the efficient construction and prediction of an optimal portfolio. Multivariate realized kernels are typically derived from intra-day high-frequency data, and are then used to estimate the realized covariance matrix via the graphical lasso algorithm. To forecast the realized covariances, we employ the conditional autoregressive Wishart model and its variants. Finally, we compute the Stein loss function and execute the model-confidence-set procedure to obtain the best model for optimal portfolio selection.
Distribution and cementation characteristics of beachrocks along southern, southwestern and western coast of Sri Lanka
Authors: Nayanthara Pahala Ge Nishadi , Dassanayake Anjula Buddhika Nayomi , Nakashima Kazunori , Kawasaki Satoru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeachrocks are sedimentary structures where gravelly or sandy beaches have been transformed into rock outcrops formed through precipitation of connective cements amid their interstices. They are well-noted coastal features along the coastal belt of Sri Lanka due to the prevalent tropical climate. This study was aimed at gathering data on surface nature and cementation characteristics of beachrock occurrences along a part of Sri Lankan shoreline through field observations and a series of analyses including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and petrographic thin-section analysis. The combined research findings from different techniques are also employed as a preliminary step to determine the formation mechanism of the studied beachrocks. The seaward-inclined low-angle beds running parallel to present shoreline are composed mostly of sandstone with occasional conglomerate. Almost all the beachrocks are made of quartz grains amalgamated by cement. One remarkable feature of Sri Lankan beachrocks is the presence of heavy minerals generally in thin lamina form. The cementing agents are predominantly composed of metastable carbonate phases, high magnesium calcite (HMC) and aragonite (Ar) with varying microfabrics and textures. From SEM examinations and thin-section images, main morphologies identified are acicular Ar, scalenohedral magnesium calcites along with bridge cements and micritic coatings which are typical of a marine-phreatic precipitation with the exception of occasional meniscus cements. Further, the presence of evidences of living organisms may be an indication of influence from the biological aspects which can be confirmed by more detailed analyses.
Development of a Single-Cell Technique to Increase Yield and Use of Gastrointestinal Cancer Organoids for Personalized Medicine Application
Authors: Gao Mei , Harper Megan M. , Lin Miranda , Qasem Shadi A. , Patel Reema A. , Mardini Samuel H. , Gabr Moamen M. , Cavnar Michael J. , Pandalai Prakash K. , Kim Joseph 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Organoids are excellent 3-dimensional in vitro models of gastrointestinal cancers. However, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) remain inconsistent and unreliable for rapid actionable drug sensitivity testing due to size variation and limited material.

STUDY DESIGN:
On day10/passage 2 after standard creation of organoids, half of PDOs were dissociated into single-cells with TrypLE Express Enzyme/DNase I and mechanical dissociation; and half of PDOs were expanded by the standard technique. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry with CK7 and CK20 were performed for characterization. Drug sensitivity testing was completed for single-cells and paired standard PDOs to assess reproducibility.

RESULTS:
After 2 to 3 days, >50% of single-cells reformed uniform miniature PDOs (˜50 μm). We developed 10 PDO single-cell lines (n = 4, gastric cancer, [GC]; and n = 6, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, [PDAC]), which formed epithelialized cystic structures and by IHC, exhibited CK7(high)/CK20(low) expression patterns mirroring parent tissues. Compared with paired standard PDOs, single-cells (n = 2, PDAC; = 2, GC) showed similar architecture, albeit smaller and more uniform. Importantly, single cells demonstrated similar sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs to matched PDOs.

CONCLUSIONS:
PDO single-cells are accurate for rapid clinical drug testing in gastrointestinal cancers. Using early passage PDO single-cells facilitates high-volume drug testing, decreasing time from tumor sampling to actionable clinical decisions, and provides a personalized medicine platform to optimally select drugs for gastrointestinal cancer patients.
Care leavers, ambiguous loss and early parenting: explaining high rates of pregnancy and parenting amongst young people transitioning from out-of-home care
Authors: Purtell Jade , Mendes Philip , Saunders Bernadette J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is a narrative review examining the high prevalence of care leaver early parenting in the context of (i) key transitions from care studies taken from the last few decades, (ii) a structured review using Scopus of studies from 2015–2020 focussed specifically on young people transitioning from care and early parenting and (iii) Boss’s (2010) Ambiguous Loss theory. Young care leavers’ challenges, in general, put them at higher risk of protective interventions with their children and may contribute to the growing numbers of children being placed in increasingly over-stretched out-of-home care systems. Questions of surveillance bias for service-connected young people are examined in light of recent large-scale studies using administrative data sets. Serious oversights in responding to young people’s experiences of trauma and exploitation are identified. The relevance of sexual health programs for young people actively seeking pregnancies is discussed with emerging evidence that disengagement from schooling may have more of a role in explaining early pregnancy and parenting than previously thought. The authors test the relevance of Ambiguous Loss theory in understanding how removal from families of origin and placement experiences may affect young people and lead to ‘wanted’ pregnancies.
Artificial intelligence for political decision-making in the European Union: Effects on citizens’ perceptions of input, throughput, and output legitimacy
Authors: Starke Christopher , Lünich Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA lack of political legitimacy undermines the ability of the European Union (EU) to resolve major crises and threatens the stability of the system as a whole. By integrating digital data into political processes, the EU seeks to base decision-making increasingly on sound empirical evidence. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to increase political legitimacy by identifying pressing societal issues, forecasting potential policy outcomes, and evaluating policy effectiveness. This paper investigates how citizens’ perceptions of EU input, throughput, and output legitimacy are influenced by three distinct decision-making arrangements: (a) independent human decision-making by EU politicians; (b) independent algorithmic decision-making (ADM) by AI-based systems; and (c) hybrid decision-making (HyDM) by EU politicians and AI-based systems together. The results of a preregistered online experiment (n = 572) suggest that existing EU decision-making arrangements are still perceived as the most participatory and accessible for citizens (input legitimacy). However, regarding the decision-making process itself (throughput legitimacy) and its policy outcomes (output legitimacy), no difference was observed between the status quo and HyDM. Respondents tend to perceive ADM systems as the sole decision-maker to be illegitimate. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for (a) EU legitimacy and (b) data-driven policy-making and outlines (c) avenues for future research.
The effects of reducing chronic inflammation in overweight women on serum hepcidin and iron absorption with and without supplemental ascorbic acid
Authors: Stoffel Nicole U. , Cepeda-Lopez Ana Carla , Cervantes-Gracia Karla , Llanas-Cornejo Daniel , Delgado González Erika A. , Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Zimmermann Michael B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough hepcidin synthesis is stimulated by inflammation and inhibited by Fe deficiency, the strength of their opposing effects on serum hepcidin (SHep) in humans remains unclear. It was recently shown that an inflammatory stimulus in anaemic women did not increase SHep or decrease Fe absorption. The enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on Fe absorption may not be effective during inflammation because of increased SHep. Our study aim was to test whether reducing inflammation in Fe-depleted overweight (OW) women with low-grade inflammation would lower SHep and improve Fe absorption with and without ascorbic acid, compared with normal-weight (NW) women without inflammation. Before and after 14 d of anti-inflammatory treatment (3 × 600 mg ibuprofen daily) in OW and NW women (n36; 19–46 years of age), we measured SHep and fractional Fe absorption (FIA) (erythrocyte Fe incorporation) from57Fe- and58Fe-labelled test meals with and without ascorbic acid. There were significant group effects on IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and SHep (for all,P< 0·05). There was a significant treatment effect on SHep (P< 0·05): in OW women, treatment decreased IL-6 by approximately 30 % and SHep by approximately 45 %. However, there were no significant treatment or group effects on FIA. Body Fe stores (BIS) were a significant positive predictor of SHep before and after treatment (P< 0·001), but IL-6 was not. Reducing chronic inflammation in OW women halved SHep but did not affect Fe absorption with or without ascorbic acid, and the main predictor of Fe absorption was BIS.
Systemic Banking Crises, Institutional Environment, and Corporate Leverage
Authors: Öztekin Özde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examines corporate leverage during systemic banking crises in an international setting, including 85 countries from 1987 to 2017. Using the historically determined component of institutions and exogenous variations in institution building, the analyses show that leverage cyclicality varies substantially across institutional settings. Leverage is strongly countercyclical under more binding constraints on the capital supply, suggesting important supply effects of such crises on leverage. Weak institutions are more conducive to crises and uncertainty. Leverage countercyclicality is more pronounced during crises that coincide with higher uncertainty, whereas leverage is procyclical with stronger legal systems and information sharing in capital markets.
Changes in telepsychiatry regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic: 17 countries and regions' approaches to an evolving healthcare landscape
Authors: Kinoshita Shotaro , Cortright Kelley , Crawford Allison , Mizuno Yuya , Yoshida Kazunari , Hilty Donald , Guinart Daniel , Torous John , Correll Christoph U. , Castle David J. , Rocha Deyvis , Yang Yuan , Xiang Yu-tao , Kølbæk Pernille , Dines David , ElShami Mohammad , Jain Prakhar , Kallivayalil Roy , Solmi Marco , Favaro Angela , Veronese Nicola , Seedat Soraya , Shin Sangho , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Chang Chun-Hung , Su Kuan-Pin , Karas Hakan , Kane John M. , Yellowlees Peter , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine as a way to reduce COVID-19 infections was noted and consequently deregulated. However, the degree of telemedicine regulation varies from country to country, which may alter the widespread use of telemedicine. This study aimed to clarify the telepsychiatry regulations for each collaborating country/region before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe used snowball sampling within a global network of international telepsychiatry experts. Thirty collaborators from 17 different countries/regions responded to a questionnaire on barriers to the use and implementation of telepsychiatric care, including policy factors such as regulations and reimbursement at the end of 2019 and as of May 2020.ResultsThirteen of 17 regions reported a relaxation of regulations due to the pandemic; consequently, all regions surveyed stated that telepsychiatry was now possible within their public healthcare systems. In some regions, restrictions on prescription medications allowed via telepsychiatry were eased, but in 11 of the 17 regions, there were still restrictions on prescribing medications via telepsychiatry. Lower insurance reimbursement amounts for telepsychiatry consultations v. in-person consultations were reevaluated in four regions, and consequently, in 15 regions telepsychiatry services were reimbursed at the same rate (or higher) than in-person consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsOur results confirm that, due to COVID-19, the majority of countries surveyed are altering telemedicine regulations that had previously restricted the spread of telemedicine. These findings provide information that could guide future policy and regulatory decisions, which facilitate greater scale and spread of telepsychiatry globally.