bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global microRNA profiling identified miR‐10b‐5p as a regulator of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)‐glioma migration
Authors: Nix J. S. , Yuan M. , Imada E. L. , Ames H. , Marchionni L. , Gutmann D. H. , Rodriguez F. J. 
Published: June 2020

AimsNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an autosomal‐dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by loss of function alterations involving the NF1 locus on chromosome 17. The most common brain tumours encountered in affected patients are low‐grade gliomas (pilocytic astrocytomas), although high‐grade gliomas are also observed at increased frequency. While bi‐allelic NF1 loss characterizes these tumours, previous studies have suggested noncoding RNA molecules (microRNA, miR) may have important roles in dictating glioma biology.MethodsTo explore the contributions of miRs in NF1‐associated gliomas, we analysed five high‐grade gliomas (NF1‐HGG) and five PAs (NF1‐PA) using global microRNA profiling with NanoString‐based microarrays followed by functional experiments with glioma cell lines.ResultsmiR‐10b‐5p, miR‐135b‐5p, miR‐196a‐5p, miR‐196b‐5p, miR‐1247‐5p and miR‐320a (adjusted P < 0.05) were increased> 3‐fold in NF1‐HGG relative to NF1‐PA tumours. In addition, miR‐378b and miR‐1305 were decreased 6.8‐ and 6‐fold, respectively, whereas miR‐451a was increased 2.7‐fold (adjusted P < 0.05) in NF1‐PAs compared to non‐neoplastic NF1 patient brain specimens (n = 2). As miR‐10b‐5p was the microRNA overexpressed the most in NF1‐high‐grade glioma compared to NF1‐low‐grade glioma (5.76 fold), we examined its levels in glioma cell lines. miR‐10b‐5p levels were highest in adult glioma cell lines and lowest in paediatric low‐grade glioma lines (P = 0.02). miR‐10b‐5p knockdown resulted in decreased invasion in NF1‐deficient LN229 high‐grade glioma line, whereas its overexpression in the NF1‐PA derived line (JHH‐NF1‐PA1) led to increased invasion. There was no change in cell growth (viability and proliferation).ConclusionsThese proof‐of‐concept experiments support a role for microRNA regulation in NF1‐glioma biology.
MiR319a‐targeted PtoTCP20 regulates secondary growth via interactions with PtoWOX4 and PtoWND6 in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Hou Jie , Xu Huimin , Fan Di , Ran Lingyu , Li Jianqiu , Wu Shuang , Luo Keming , He Xin‐Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Secondary growth is a key characteristic of trees, which requires the coordination of multiple regulatory mechanisms including transcriptional regulators and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the roles of microRNAs in the regulation of secondary growth need to be explored in depth.

Here, the role of miR319a and its target, PtoTCP20, in the secondary growth of Populus tomentosa stem was investigated using genetic and molecular analyses.

The expression level of miR319a gradually decreased from primary to secondary growth in P. tomentosa, while that of PtoTCP20 gradually increased. MiR319a overexpression in seedlings resulted in delayed secondary growth and decreased xylem production, while miR319a knockdown and PtoTCP20 overexpression promoted secondary growth and increased xylem production. Further analysis showed that PtoTCP20 interacted with PtoWOX4a and activated PtoWND6 transcription in vitro and in vivo.

Our data show that PtoTCP20 controls vascular cambium proliferation by binding to PtoWOX4a, and promotes secondary xylem differentiation by activating PtoWND6 transcription, thereby regulating secondary growth in P. tomentosa. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying secondary growth in trees.
Need, justice and central–local relations: The case of social assistance in China
Authors: Li Mianguan , Walker Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial assistance is increasingly promoted as a means of tackling poverty. However, in established democracies stable delivery has often proved difficult because of tensions between national and local government, the former desiring comprehensiveness and uniformity, the latter requiring flexibility to meet local needs. These issues are explored in the context of China and Dibao, the world's largest social assistance system, with three questions posed: Do similar tensions exist in China as in the Western world? How are they resolved and what is the nature of the political compromise? How do recipients fare? Policy analysis in a village in south‐central China reveals similar tensions. A regime in which local government employed discretion to prioritize social stability over poverty alleviation has been replaced by an inherently unstable system based on surveillance of officials and local cadres who now prioritize their personal security over the needs of applicants.
Keratosis pilaris‐like eruption secondary to nilotinib in a child
Authors: Oro‐Ayude Marcos , Feito Marta , Quintana‐Castanedo Lucía , Beato‐Merino Maria Jose , De Lucas Raúl 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNilotinib is a new multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia when intolerance or recurrence to imatinib occurs. We report the case of a 14‐year‐old patient being treated with nilotinib who developed a keratosis pilaris‐like eruption. This cutaneous adverse effect is a rare but increasingly reported side effect of this therapy.
How Do Citizens Assess Street‐Level Bureaucrats’ Warmth and Competence? A Typology and Test
Authors: de Boer Noortje 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCitizens encounter many street‐level bureaucrats in their lifetime. How do they assess the traits of the bureaucrats they meet? Understanding citizens’ assessments of bureaucrats is important, because citizens are not passive receivers of policies. This article explores citizens’ classifications of street‐level bureaucrats based on their core task. Using a factorial survey (n = 580), three clusters of bureaucrats are identified: those who are regulation oriented, those who are service oriented, and those who are both regulation and service oriented. Then, the article tests how these three types of bureaucrats are assessed on warmth and competence and whether their gender matters. A between‐subjects experiment (n = 1,602) reveals that regulation‐oriented bureaucrats are assessed as least competent and warm. Moreover, regardless of core task, female bureaucrats are assessed as warmer than males. Female and male bureaucrats are assessed as equally competent. This article shows that bureaucrats are stereotyped by citizens and discusses the implications for the public management literature.Evidence for Practice

While researchers and practitioners tend to focus on commonalities between street‐level bureaucrats, focusing on differences—for instance, in terms of core task and gender—may be helpful to understand how citizens see and react to their encounters with bureaucrats.
Much like street‐level bureaucrats’ stereotypical notions of citizens, citizens stereotype the bureaucrats they encounter. These stereotypes are based on cues related to the bureaucrats’ core task and gender.
Especially for regulation‐oriented organizations and street‐level bureaucrats, such as inspectorates, being aware of stereotypes may be useful when engaging with citizens because they are rated as the least competent and warm.
The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on the post‐thaw quality of dog semen
Authors: Qamar Ahmad Yar , Fang Xun , Bang Seonggyu , Shin Sang Tae , Cho Jongki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAstaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family well known for its anti‐cancer, anti‐diabetic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant nature. This study was designed to investigate the effects of astaxanthin supplementation of the extender (buffer 2) on post‐thaw dog semen quality. Semen from four healthy dogs was collected by digital manipulation twice a week. The ejaculates were pooled, washed, divided into four equal aliquots, diluted with the extender supplemented with different concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 µM) and cryopreserved. The results showed that 1 µM astaxanthin was the optimum concentration that led to significantly higher (p < .05) post‐thaw motility, kinematic parameters and viability than the other groups. In comparison with the control group, sperm samples supplemented with 1 µM astaxanthin showed significantly higher (p < .05) sperm counts with intact membranes (55.7 ± 0.6% vs. 51.3 ± 0.9%), intact acrosome (58.4 ± 0.7% vs. 53.5 ± 0.6%), active mitochondria (54.9 ± 0.5% vs. 42.6 ± 0.6%) and normal chromatin (67.6 ± 0.9% vs. 61.7 ± 0.6%). Furthermore, astaxanthin‐supplemented samples showed significantly lower expression levels (p < .05) of pro‐apoptotic (BAX), oxidative induced DNA damage repair (OGG1), oxidative stress‐related (ROMO1) genes and higher expression levels of anti‐apoptotic (BCL2), and sperm acrosome‐associated (SPACA3) genes compared to the control. Thus, supplementation of 1 µM astaxanthin in semen extender results in improved freeze‐thaw sperm quality of the dog.
Graphical Models for Extremes
Authors: Engelke Sebastian , Hitz Adrien S. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryConditional independence, graphical models and sparsity are key notions for parsimonious statistical models and for understanding the structural relationships in the data. The theory of multivariate and spatial extremes describes the risk of rare events through asymptotically justified limit models such as max-stable and multivariate Pareto distributions. Statistical modelling in this field has been limited to moderate dimensions so far, partly owing to complicated likelihoods and a lack of understanding of the underlying probabilistic structures. We introduce a general theory of conditional independence for multivariate Pareto distributions that enables the definition of graphical models and sparsity for extremes. A Hammersley–Clifford theorem links this new notion to the factorization of densities of extreme value models on graphs. For the popular class of Hüsler–Reiss distributions we show that, similarly to the Gaussian case, the sparsity pattern of a general extremal graphical model can be read off from suitable inverse covariance matrices. New parametric models can be built in a modular way and statistical inference can be simplified to lower dimensional marginals. We discuss learning of minimum spanning trees and model selection for extremal graph structures, and we illustrate their use with an application to flood risk assessment on the Danube river.
An agenda for psychological distance apart from construal level
Authors: Maglio Sam J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMental life is not confined to physical reality. Instead, anchored in the here and now, people can conjure worlds set in other locations, in other times, from other people's perspectives, and with otherworldly odds. These routes away from immediacy represent different dimensions of psychological distance—space, time, social distance, and probability—in that they all provide a means by which targets of consideration can feel psychologically distant. Though largely developed under the theoretical banner of construal level theory, psychological distance benefits from consideration in its own, independent right. This review proposes that prominent characteristics of it inform an agenda for translational insights across the four dimensions of psychological distance.
Maize–soybean intercropping effect on yield productivity, weed control and diversity in northern Ghana
Authors: Berdjour Albert , Dugje Ibrahim Yakamba , Dzomeku Israel Kwame , Rahman Nurudeen Abdul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cereal–legume cropping system is a common practice across the tropical world. However, there are limited quantitative data on the effect of cereal–legume intercropping on weed species diversity. A study was conducted in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana to evaluate the effect of maize–soybean intercropping on yield productivity and weed species control. The treatments used include three maize maturity types (extra‐early: Abontem, early: Sammaz 27 and medium: Obatanpa) intercropped with soybean at three intraspacing (10, 20 and 30 cm), and their sole crop treatments were laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) for the intercrops was above 1, indicating better intercrop productivity than the sole crops. An average of 40% land was saved for the intercrops compared with the sole crops. Intercropping Sammaz 27 maize with soybean significantly increased LER by 9% compared to the other types. Intercropping maize with soybean significantly reduced weed biomass at 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP) and at harvest relative to the sole maize. The weed biomass at 6 and 9 WAP and harvest increased (p < .05) with increasing soybean intraspacing. The grass and broadleaf weed species count at 6 WAP and harvest from the sole crops were significantly higher than that of the intercrops. The results suggest that intercropping early maize maturity type with soybean at 10 cm intraspacing could be used to increase grain yield, LER and control of grass and broadleaf weeds in a maize‐based cropping system in the Guinea savanna zones of West Africa.
The effects of desiccation on broad‐leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and curled dock (Rumex crispus) root fragment regeneration
Authors: Alshallash Khalid S. , Hatcher Paul E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFresh root fragments ofRumex crispusandRumex obtusifolius, which initially contain 65–70% moisture, progressively lose moisture when desiccated under conditions matching summer weather in southeast England. The likelihood of shoot emergence and the time it took in glasshouse conditions were both affected by desiccation, withR. crispusthe most affected up to 48 hr andR. obtusifoliusslower to emerge after 48 hr. These effects converged after longer desiccation periods, andR. crispusentirely failed to emerge after 120 hr. The dry weight of emerged shoots was not significantly different between the species until they were desiccated for 96 hr, after whichR. obtusifoliusdry weight was significantly reduced. In outdoor trials, desiccation for 24 or 48 hr had a lesser effect on emergence in either species when fragments were planted at the soil surface or at up to a depth of 10 cm, compared to deeper plantings, but emergence was significantly lower in plantings at 15 or 20 cm. Emergence delays were not significantly different between the species until they were planted at 15 or 20 cm, whenR. obtusifoliuswas slower to emerge thanR. crispus, an effect exacerbated by increasing desiccation. Similar interactions of increasing soil depth and desiccation were found in reductions in dry weight, number of tillers and leaf area, withR. obtusifoliusgenerally, but not exclusively, better able to withstand more extreme trial conditions. Our findings suggest that control of these highly troublesome weeds can be assisted by appropriate agricultural practices, notably exposing cut fragments to drying conditions followed by deep burial.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery 
Published: June 2020

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Bahram Abediniangerabi, University of Texas, USAComite Ubaldo, University of Calabria, ItalyFábio Albergaria de Queiroz, Catholic University of Brasília, BrazilFuLi Zhou, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, ChinaGabriela O. Chiciudean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaKherchi Ishak, UHBC University, AlgeriaKonstantinos N. Malagas, University of the Aegean, GreeceLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKMr. Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanRashedul Hasan, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaRocsana Tonis, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaSandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaTetiana Paientko, Kyiv National Economic Univercity, UkraineZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com
Cortical layer 6 control of sensory responses in higher‐order thalamus
Authors: Ansorge Josephine , Humanes‐Valera Desire , Pauzin François P. , Schwarz Martin K. , Krieger Patrik 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Thalamic activity is regulated by corticothalamic feedback from layers 5B and 6.
To selectively study the importance of the layer 6 corticothalamic (L6 CT) projection, a transgenic mouse line was used in which layer 6 cells projecting to posterior medial thalamus (POm) were targeted for expression of channelrhodopsin‐2.
Repetitive optogenetic stimulation of this sub‐type of L6 cells caused a rapid adaptation in POm spiking output, but had little effect on the spiking activity in the other cortical layers.
L6 photoactivation increased POm spiking to the first, but not to subsequent whisker deflections in a 4 Hz train.
A sub‐population of L6 CT cells that can cause an initial increase in POm activity, that is not sustained with repetitive stimulation, could indicate that this L6 projection does not modulate ongoing sensory processing, but rather serves to briefly increase POm activity in specific behavioural contexts.
AbstractThalamic activity is regulated by corticothalamic feedback from layers 5B and 6. The nature of these feedback systems differs, one difference being that whereas layer 5 provides ‘driver’ input, the layer 6 input is thought to be ‘modulatory’. To selectively study the importance of the layer 6 corticothalamic (L6 CT) projection, a transgenic mouse line was used in which layer 6 cells projecting to posterior medial thalamus (POm) were targeted for expression of channelrhodopsin‐2 and in vivo electrophysiology recordings were done in urethane‐anaesthetized mice. Pre‐ and postsynaptic targets were identified using tracing techniques and light‐sheet microscopy in cleared intact brains. We find that optogenetic activation of this subtype of L6 CT cells (L6‐Drd1) has little effect on cortical activity, but activates POm. Repetitive photoactivation of L6‐Drd1 cells evoked a reliable response following every photoactivation, whereas in the connected POm area spiking was only initially increased. The response to repetitive whisker stimulation showed a similar pattern with only an initial increase in whisker‐evoked spiking. Furthermore, the increase in whisker‐evoked spiking with optogenetic activation of L6‐Drd1 cells is additive, rather than multiplicative, causing even cells that in the absence of L6 activation produce relatively few spikes to increase their spiking substantially. We show that layer 6 corticothalamic cells can provide a strong, albeit rapidly depressing, input to POm. This type of cortical L6 activity could be important for rapid gain control in POm, rather than providing a modulation in phase with the whisking cycle.
Natural Convection of Dusty Hybrid Nanofluids in Diverging–Converging Cavities Including Volumetric Heat Sources
Authors: Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Two Semi-Implicit-Method for Pressure-Linked-Equations (SIMPLE) techniques have been performed to solve the dimensionless equations governing a dusty hybrid nanofluid flow in wavy enclosures contain a volumetric heat source. These techniques are applied to evaluate the pressure terms for both the hybrid nanofluid and the dusty particles based on the control volume solver. Two systems of equations are proposed to simulate the hybrid nanofluid phase and the dusty particles phase. In addition, a body-fitted method is applied to map the irregular domain into a rectangular domain, and an inverse map technique is used to present the obtained data inside the given wavy domain. The hybrid mixture, here, is consisting of water as a base fluid, and the nanoparticles are Al2O3 and Cu. The controlling parameters are the Rayleigh numbers RaE and Ral, the ratio of the densities of the mixture Ds, the dusty parameter αs, and the total nanoparticles volume fraction. The results revealed that the absolute values of the stream function are reduced by 54.5% when the heating modes are switched from (Ral/RaE) &lt; 1 to (Ral /RaE) &gt; 1. Also, the average Nusselt is enhanced by 5.2% at a = 0.9, 6.74% at a = 0.95, and 11.36% at a = 1.1 when the nanoparticles volume fraction is increased from 1% to 5%.
Measurement Errors and Uncertainty Quantification of a Two-Dimensional-Particle Image Velocimetry Experimental Setup for Jet Flow Characterization
Authors: Barbosa Flávia V. , Costa Carlos A. P. , Teixeira Senhorinha F. C. F. , Teixeira José C. F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of the flow interaction and the heat transfer between air jets and a surface is of paramount importance in industrial processes that apply air jet impingement. To ensure a good performance of the process, high heat transfer rates and uniformization of the flow over the target plate are required. In this work, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was implemented for the measurement of the flow velocity fields. However, as any real experiment, the values recorded by the PIV method are subjected to several errors that compromise the reliability and accuracy of the measurements. These errors can have different sources, from the installation and alignment to the particles seeding and calibration procedure. To maximize the accuracy of the experimental results, this paper focuses on the identification of measurement errors and uncertainty quantification of an experimental setup purposely built for the analysis of the interaction between air jets and a target surface. This paper presents an analysis of the system, and the source of errors are identified, quantified, and, when possible, corrected. The particle seeding is characterized, and its efficiency for the flow tracking is analyzed. The setup was tested to fully characterize the flow field in terms of mean velocity profile and turbulence intensity over a wide range of Reynolds numbers and temperature. Several velocity fields are then measured until convergence of the flow quantities is reached. The combination of these measurements with high spatial resolution and low measurement errors allows us to obtain accurate and precise measurements.