bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance in X Sentiment Prediction.
Authors: Malas Laila , Shawaqfeh Ahmad , AbuShakra Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Technological advancements have significantly progressed from the inception of computers and the internet to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), profoundly impacting various sectors such as business, education, and healthcare. Among these advancements, ChatGPT has emerged as a prominent conversational AI tool, facilitating tasks such as sentiment prediction and sector-specific decision-making. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in analyzing public sentiment using data from X (formerly Twitter) and to propose an ethical framework for its sector-specific applications. By combining the BERT transformer model with BiLSTM, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms, the study achieves a hybrid approach to sentiment prediction, demonstrating superior performance with an accuracy of 86.7%. Furthermore, the study explores ethical considerations, such as fairness, accountability, and transparency, to address ChatGPT's adoption across industries. The findings offer insights into both the technical and ethical dimensions of ChatGPT’s integration into business, education, and healthcare sectors, emphasizing its potential for sustainable and responsible use.
Sex Inequalities in Trends of Age-standardized Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Aged 30–79 Years in Senegal from 1990–2019
Authors: Tukakira John , KA Mame Madjiguene , Gaye Ngone D. , Kyem Damaris , Jobe Modou , Sattler Elisabeth Lilian Pia , Gaye Bamba , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a leading contributor to preventable morbidity and mortality; however, data in African settings are limited. Monitoring its trends is critical to informing public health interventions to prevent and mitigate the double burden of disease.
Methods
We used publicly available data from the WHO Health Inequality Data Repository. We analyzed trends in age-standardized hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among adults in Senegal aged 30–79 years by sex from 1990–2019 via the Cox-Stuart test. Hypertension was defined as the percentage of adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or who were taking hypertension medication.
Results
The trends in hypertension prevalence differed by sex. Among females, it increased from 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7–55.8) to 42.9% (95% CI, 30.1–56.3). Among males, the prevalence did not significantly change over time from 37.6% (95% CI, 22.2–54.6) to 37.3% (95% CI, 24.5–51.0). Treated hypertension increased significantly in both sexes: in females, from 9.1% (95% CI, 1.4–25.6) to 25% (95% CI, 9.3–45.6)and in males, from 4.7% (95% CI, 0.6–14.7) to 15.5% (95% CI, 5.6–30.7). Controlled hypertension also increased significantly in both sexes: in females, it increased from 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1–9.7) to 11.1% (95% CI, 2.3–27.6), and in males, it increased from 1.3% (95% CI, 0.1–5.6) to 7.2% (95% CI, 1.5–18.1).
Conclusion
The trend in hypertension prevalence differed by sex, increasing for females but not significantly for males. The rates of hypertension treatment and control increased over time in both sexes; however, they were substantially lower than the prevalence of hypertension, indicating wide treatment gaps. These trends should continue to be monitored over time, as many opportunities exist to improve these trends.
The Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Presbycusis: A Mediation Analysis of the Inflammatory Biomarker Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR)
Authors: Wang Qingling , Huang Ruizhe , Guo Shiduo , Xu Zhenju , Huang Yichuan , Liang Dapeng , Guo Xiangdong , Jiang Liwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study assessed the association between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and presbycusis and to investigate whether inflammatory neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) indicators influence this relationship.This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surve and employed such as restricted cubic spline analysis, multiple logistic regression analyses and mediation analyses to explore these relationships.High-frequency Hearing Impairment(HI) was correlated with moderate CKD (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.25–8.46, P = 0.02). HI grades were correlated with moderate CKD [for slight HI, (OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.48–17.86, P = 0.01); for moderate and severe HI, (OR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.29–17.04, P = 0.02)]. Mediation analysis revealed that NPAR had a 17.85% mediating effect on the association between moderate CKD and presbycusis.Moderate CKD was associated with high-frequency HI in the elderly and that NPAR had a significant mediating effect on this relationship.
Effects of different apical preparation sizes and root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of roots aged for 12 months endodontically retreated mandibular premolars
Authors: Hancerliogullari Dilek , Baris Sevda Durust 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective This study evaluated the effect on fracture resistance of different apical preparation sizes and root canal sealers.
Materials and methods One hundred mandibular premolars were collected, 60 were prepared up to 25/0.04, obturated with AH Plus, and stored for 1 month, after which ProTaper Universal Retreatment System instruments were used to remove the root canal filling materials. The 100 root segments were randomly divided into 10 experimental groups (𝑛 = 10 roots/group) with as follows: positive control Group 1 (intact tooth group), negative control Group 2 (25/0.04 preparation, without obturation), negative control Group 3 (30/0.04 preparation, without obturation), negative control Group 4 (40/0.04 preparation, without obturation), Group 5A (30/0.04, AH Plus), Group 5B (40/0.04, AH Plus), Group 6A (30/0.04, NeoSealer Flo), Group 6B (40/0.04, NeoSealer Flo), Group 7A (30/0.04, MTA Bioseal), Group 7B (40/0.04, MTA Bioseal). All the experimental groups were incubated at 37°C for 12 months in 100% humidity. A universal testing machine measured the fracture resistance of each segment, and the results were recorded in Newtons.
Results There were no significant differences between the sealers and apical preparation sizes. The root segments obturated with AH-Plus, NeoSealer Flo, and MTA Bioseal yield values significantly higher than those in the positive control groups.
Conclusions All types of sealer (AH Plus, NeoSealer Flo, MTA Bioseal) exhibited nearly the same fracture resistance in retreated root segments aged 12 months.
Clinical relevance Obturation with AH Plus, NeoSealer Flo and MTA Bioseal using the single cone technique enhanced the fracture resistance of retreated roots.
Spatial Distribution and Radiological Hazards Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclide Materials in Soil from Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Jegede David O. , Afolabi T. Adeniyi , Agunbiade Foluso O. , Ogundiran Olusegun O. , Gbadamosi Muideen R. , Sojinu Samuel O. , Ojekunle Oluseyi Z. , Varanusupakul Pakorn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Workers and dwellers around mining and quarrying sites are exposed to Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Materials (NORMs) during various activities done on the rock and earth crust. This study investigated the spatial distribution and radiological health effects of quarrying activities in ten quarry sites in three districts (Odeda, Ajebo and Ijebu Ode) around Ogun State, Nigeria. The NORMs (40K, 238U, 232Th) were assessed using Gamma Spectrometer with a NaI detector. The radiological hazards of NORMs were assessed and statistically analyzed. The activity concentration of NORMs (Bq/kg) ranges: 40K (76.78 ± 44.76–2647.88 ± 179.44), 238U (3.24 ± 1.82–55.42 ± 24.88), and 232Th (5.24 ± 3.90–244.364 ± 89.84) revealing 70% of all samples above the world average limit. The activity concentration of NORMs in all the sites increase in the order 232Th<238U<40K. The radiological and health parameter ranges for the Adsorbed Dose Rate (DR) 3.03 ± 0.12–339.92 ± 23.24 (nGyHr− 1), Radium Equivalent (Raeq) 5.88 ± 0.24–739.46 ± 53.42 (Bq/kg), Annual Effective Dose Equivalent outdoor (AEDE out) 3.72 ± 0.41–417.16 ± 28.52(µSvyr− 1), Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) 0.01 ± 0.00–1.46 ± 0.05, and Exposure Rate (ER) 13.10 ± 0.51–1531.47 ± 104.47(µRHr− 1). The excessive lifetime cancer risk is 4–5 times higher than the world average in 80% of the samples thus discouraging the usage of soil for building and ecological activities. This study showed that radionuclides are priority pollutants with high impact and with high exposure risk tendencies in all the quarry sites investigated and therefore, not suitable for ecological and building activities.
A holistic data-driven approach to synthesis predictions of colloidal nanocrystal shapes
Authors: Buonsanti Raffaella , Zaza Ludovic , Rankovic Bojana , Schwaller Philippe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The ability to precisely design colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) has far-reaching implications in optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and beyond. Achieving such control is generally based on a trials-and-errors approach. Data-driven synthesis holds the promise to advance both discovery and mechanistic knowledge. Herein, we contribute to advancing the current state of the art in the chemical synthesis of colloidal NCs by proposing a machine-learning toolbox which operates in a low data regime, yet comprehensive of the most typical parameters relevant for colloidal NC synthesis. The developed toolbox predicts the NC shape given the reaction conditions and proposes reaction conditions given a target NC shape, using Cu NCs as the model system. By classifying NC shapes on a continuous energy scale, we synthesize an unreported shape, which are Cu rhombic dodecahedra. This holistic approach integrates data-driven and computational tools with materials chemistry. Such development is promising to greatly accelerate materials discovery and mechanistic understanding, thus advancing the field of tailored materials with atomic scale precision tunability.
Bio-Inspired Spider-Shaped Antenna with Frequency and Gain Reconfigurability for 5G and Emerging 6G Bands
Authors: Varshney Atul , Gençoğlan Duygu Nazan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

A low-loss compact spider-shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna (SSFRA) is fabricated, measured, and investigated for sub-6 GHz, and microwave S-band, C-band, and new 6G spectrum (7.1–8.4 GHz) applications. A single switching PIN diode BAR64-02V is used to make the antenna flexible between S-band to X-band operations. The PIN diode switching not only provides the frequency reconfigurability but also controls/enhances the gain of antenna, when it is in their ON state. When no diode is connected the antenna achieves a gain of 4.64 dBi at 3.58GHz and it enhances to 9.03 dBi when diode is in its ON state. When the PIN diode is in its OFF state, it enhances the upper band bandwidth from 1.43 GHz to 2.86 GHz. The reflection coefficients and the gain of the antenna are measured using microwave analyzer N9916A and anechoic chambers and they are found in excellent agreements with the simulated results. Antenna achieves a 43.25% size miniaturization in comparison to conventional circular patch antenna designed at 3.50 GHz using same FR-4 substrate. The frequency reconfigurability feature of the antenna making it suitable for S-band: n66 (2110–2200 MHz), n256 (2170–2200); Sub-6 GHz/C-band: n48(3550-3700MHz), n77(2.3–4.2 GHz), n78(3.3–3.8 GHz), n79(4.4-5.0 GHz), HiperLAN (5.8 GHz), Wi-Fi 5/6 (5 GHz/6 GHz); new 6G band (USA 7.125 GHz to 8.40 GHz) applications.
An Efficient Request Assignment Method of Policy Enforcement Point Based on Markov Decision Process in Online Social Network
Authors: Deng Fan , Liu Tao , Wang Yancong , Zhang Boqi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

For artificial intelligence information systems, it is essential to make trade-offs for the requests that arrive in large quantities rapidly. To alleviate server congestion and enhance user experience, we construct an agent for the Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) to determine whether to disregard a request or assign it to a server for authentication. First, we formulate the request assignment problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ the value iteration algorithm to obtain the optimal policy function, based on which the agent makes decisions. Second, we define the priority of requests according to the out-degree of the request sender and consider all the servers' loads and the current request priority as states. Third, the transition probability is calculated following the frequency of request arrivals and the time each server takes to process one request. Finally, comparative experiments on variable parameters are carried out, and the optimal parameters of our method are determined. With the optimal parameters, the performance of our method is compared with that of Myopic and Random Rejection (RR). The results show that our proposed method outperforms the other methods regarding the Service Request Metric (SRM) and retransmission times.
Challenges faced by cardiac patients prior to coronary artery bypass grafting: a qualitative study
Authors: Ebrahimi Sajjad , Tehrani Tayebeh Hasan , Azizi Azim , Vahedparast Hakimeh , Sadeghian Efat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most effective treatments for improving the quality of life in patients with severe coronary artery disease. However, these patients face multiple challenges prior to surgery. This study aims to elucidate the challenges faced by cardiac patients before CABG.
Methods
This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach. Data were obtained from 26 interviews with 23 individuals, including patients and their families, physicians, and nurses from hospitals in Bushehr and Hamadan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews over ten months and analyzed using MAXQDA20 software.
Results
A total of 575 initial codes were extracted from the interviews and categorized into 16 subcategories based on similarities and differences. After reviewing and comparing the subcategories, five main categories of challenges faced by cardiac patients prior to coronary artery bypass surgery were identified and conceptually named. These categories included psychological and social stress during the waiting period, financial resource management for treatment, quality of information and communication, heightened need for belonging, and spirituality.
Conclusions
Patients prior to coronary artery bypass grafting encounter psychological, financial, social, and spiritual challenges. A precise understanding of these challenges and the provision of psychological and social counseling to patients and their families, financial support and facilitation of treatment costs, improvement of information quality and communication between patients and the healthcare team, strengthening emotional support from family and friends, and attention to patients' spiritual needs by the healthcare team can facilitate decision-making and enhance the quality of life and surgical outcomes.
Estimating The Impact of Public Health Interventions on COVID Mortality in The United States Using Reductions in Influenza Mortality as an Indicator Of Non-Pharmaceutical Infection Control
Authors: Morris Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The synergistic nature of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for control of COVID makes it difficult to assess the efficacy of any individual strategy. This study uses influenza mortality reduction (IMR) during the pandemic as an indicator of the aggregate efficacy of NPIs in limiting the transmission of respiratory diseases and uses it to assess their impact on COVID mortality.
Methods
Age-adjusted COVID mortality for US states were modeled as a function of four variables: COVID mortality prior to the introduction of NPIs in March of 2020, vaccination rates through the end of 2023, IMR for 2020-21 and 2021-22 as compared to the 2015–2019 flu seasons, and population density. To estimate the impact of NPI’s, the resulting model was used with a Monte Carlo simulation to generate a distribution of COVID deaths under the counterfactual condition of an IMR of zero.
Results
A simple linear model with only these variables explained 69% of the state-to-state variability in age adjusted COVID mortality. The resulting model suggests that NPI’s alone prevented 840,000 COVID related deaths in the United States over the course of the pandemic.
Conclusions
There does not seem to be likely explanation for the observed reduction in influenza mortality other than NPIs introduced to control COVID. The strong explanatory power of the linear model tends to support that assertion. These results demonstrate the utility of IMRs as an indicator of the aggregate impact of NPIs for controlling transmission of respiratory infections, including COVID and provide strong evidence of their critical role in reducing the health impact of the pandemic in the United States.
The Optimist: Towards Fully AutomatedGraph Theory Research
Authors: Davila Randy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces the Optimist, an autonomous system developed to advanceautomated conjecture generation in graph theory. Leveraging mixed-integer pro-gramming (MIP) and heuristic methods, the Optimist generates conjectures thatboth rediscover established theorems and propose novel inequalities. Througha combination of memory-based computation and agent-like adaptability, theOptimist iteratively refines its conjectures by integrating new data, enabling afeedback process with minimal human (or machine) intervention. Initial exper-iments reveal the Optimist’s potential to uncover foundational results in graphtheory, as well as to produce conjectures of interest for future exploration. Thiswork also outlines the Optimist’s evolving integration with a counterpart agent,the Pessimist (a human or machine agent), to establish a dueling system thatwill drive fully automated graph theory research.
Seismic Vulnerability Mitigation of base isolated structures Equipped Using a Novel Tuned Mass Dampers with H 2 Optimization
Authors: Kiran K. K. , T. Naveenkumar D. , Kumar Anvitha M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study presents an analysis of a Novel Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (NTMDI) aimed at mitigating structural responses under seismic excitation. Initially, a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) structural model was analysed under Gaussian white noise excitation to determine optimal NTMDI parameters. These parameters were then applied to a base-isolated structure under real seismic data (El Centro ground motion) to evaluate performance in practical scenarios. The H2 optimization technique was employed to simplify the process of determining reduced responses, and a combination of numerical search and curve fitting was used to derive closed-form expressions for optimal parameters. Results indicate that the NTMDI significantly reduces base accelerations by up to 60% in the isolated structure, highlighting its potential as an effective vibration control solution. The study further demonstrates that the inerter mass ratio directly influences both frequency and damping ratios, offering enhanced flexibility in structural tuning. The use of NTMDI for seismic applications shows considerable promise, providing engineers with a practical tool to achieve high levels of response reduction.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Novel Reduced-Dose Danziten™ (Nilotinib Tablets) versus Tasigna® (Nilotinib Capsules): In Vivo Bioequivalence and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Mauro Michael , Radich Jerald , Jain Paras , Sequeira David , Douer Dan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of novel reduced-dose film coated Danziten™ (nilotinib tablets), establish bioequivalence vs. Tasigna® (nilotinib capsules) and investigate food effects on PK of both formulations.
Methods
A model evaluating nilotinib capsules (300 or 400 mg) or tablets (142 or 190 mg) was based on 14 studies and > 30,000 plasma samples from healthy men and women. Steady-state nilotinib concentration-time profiles following twice-daily dosing with various treatment and food conditions were simulated using a randomly sampled dataset of 50 subjects.
Results
PK was characterized by a 2-compartment model with linear elimination and zero-order absorption with lag time. Bioequivalence was met for all steady state exposure metrics for both doses under fasted conditions. A milligram strength for nilotinib tablets ~ 50% lower than that for capsules resulted in bioequivalent nilotinib exposures. Administration with a low-fat meal under modified fasting conditions increased the bioavailability (BA) of 142 mg and 190 mg nilotinib tablets by 26.0% and 29.3%, respectively, vs. fasting; values for 300 mg and 400 mg capsules were 56.8% and 60.7%. Administration with a high-fat meal under modified fasting conditions increased the BA of 142 and 190 mg nilotinib tablets by 48.6% and 52.2%, respectively; values for 300 and 400 mg capsules were 180.6% and 183.3%.
Conclusion
Nilotinib tablets 142 and 190 mg provide bioequivalent exposures to 300 mg and 400 mg capsules under fasted conditions and substantially smaller effects of food on exposure.
Factors Affecting Medical Students' Choice of Ophthalmology and The Transformation of Early Eye Diseases Diagnosis Skills through Ophthalmology course.
Authors: Position Hussein Morfeq 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Medical students face a major decision when choosing a specialty. Exposure to different disciplines often influences this choice. Although ophthalmology is a discipline that medical students are often less exposed to during training, it offers valuable skills such as slit lamp and fundus examination. These skills are crucial for the early detection and management of serious systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. This study sought to understand how exposure to ophthalmology during medical training affects the decision to pursue a career in ophthalmology or other related medical specialties. The study also aimed to measure the extent to which medical students are aware of and confident in identifying and treating systemic diseases with severe complications during routine eye exams.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine - Rabigh King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using an online questionnaire distributed to fourth-year medical students in the faculty of medicine. McNemar, Paired-Sample T, and chi-square tests were used to test the statistical significance at p<0.05.
Results: Among the respondents, 72 individuals met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Of these, 32 were female and 40 were male. Our findings indicate that studying ophthalmology significantly enhanced medical students' general knowledge of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. The mean number of students aware of life-threatening conditions with ocular symptoms increased from 13.92 to 19.32 after taking ophthalmology course. However, studying ophthalmology did not significantly impact their ability to identify most ophthalmic emergencies or their likelihood of choosing ophthalmology as a specialty. Nevertheless, most students reported that studying ophthalmology influenced their decision to pursue other medical specialties, including neurology, cardiology, emergency medicine, and interventional radiology.
Conclusion: Although the study found that studying ophthalmology did not significantly impact medical students' selection of specialties, it highlighted the critical role of ophthalmology education in raising awareness of systemic conditions affecting vision. By providing students with the necessary skills and knowledge to identify and manage these conditions during eye examinations, ophthalmology courses contribute to early detection and prevention of irreversible visual impairment and life-threatening complications.