bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between unrealistic comparative optimism and self‐management in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results from a cross‐sectional, population‐based study
Authors: Karl Florian M. , Holle Rolf , Schwettmann Lars , Peters Annette , Meisinger Christa , Rückert‐Eheberg Ina‐Maria , Laxy Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsUnrealistic comparative optimism (UO), as the erroneous judgement of personal risks to be lower than the risks of others, could help explain differences in diabetes self‐management. The present study tested the hypothesis that individuals with type 2 diabetes who underestimate their comparative heart attack risk, have a lower adherence regarding recommended self‐management.MethodsWe used data from individuals with type 2 diabetes participating in the German KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) GEFU 4 (self‐administered health questionnaire 2016) study. UO was estimated by comparing participants' subjective comparative risk for having a heart attack within the next 5‐years (ie, “higher than others,” “average,” “lower than others”), with their objective comparative 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk based on the Framingham equations. We estimated binary logistic and linear regression models to analyze which characteristics were associated with UO and to test the association between UO and participants' self‐management behaviors (ie, regular self‐monitoring of body weight, blood sugar, and blood pressure, regular foot care, keeping a diabetes diary, and having a diet plan), and their sum score, respectively. All models were adjusted for socio‐demographic and disease‐related variables.ResultsThe studied sample included n = 633 individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean age 70.7 years, 45% women). Smokers and males were more likely to show UO than nonsmokers and females. Furthermore, a higher blood pressure and a higher body mass index were associated with a higher likelihood of UO regarding heart attack risk. However, UO was not significantly associated with patient self‐management.ConclusionsUnfavorable health behavior and risk factors are associated with UO. However, our results suggest that UO with regard to perceived heart attack risk may not be a relevant factor for patient self‐management in those with type 2 diabetes.
Impact of round‐the‐clock pharmacist inpatient medication chart review on medication errors
Authors: Ng Tat Ming , Teo Chong Junn , Heng Shi Thong , Chen Yi Rong , Lim Wan Peng , Teng Christine B 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionMedication errors are common causes of preventable adverse drug events and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Beginning in July 2014, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Pharmacy Department (Singapore) implemented the round‐the‐clock inpatient medication chart review service by pharmacists. We evaluated the impact of this service on medication errors and the consequences of these errors.MethodsPharmacy intervention data from 2013 to 2015 were accessed. Severity of medication errors was defined according to the National Coordination Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) categories. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the impact of the service on monthly error rates. Consequences of medication errors were investigated in a matched case‐control analysis comparing outcomes and costs between cases with “errors” (Category D to I) and controls who had “near‐misses” (Category B). A cost analysis was done in Singapore dollars (S$).ResultsThe mean number of “near‐misses” was 32.04 per 1000 patient‐days/month prior to the service. When the service was implemented, the interrupted time series analysis showed a level increase of 21.43 per 1000 patient‐days/month (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.21, 28.65, P < .01) with a positive trend change of 1.04 per 1000 patient‐days/month. Patients with “near misses” had lower median hospitalization costs (S$2673.60 interquartile range [IQR] [S$1365.70‐5336.20], vs S$6326.60 IQR [S$1926.20‐13 609.00], P = .002) and length of stay (10 days [4‐21] vs 17 days [5‐42], P = .025). No significant differences were observed for all other outcomes studied.ConclusionRound‐the‐clock pharmacist inpatient medication review service increased detection of “near misses” and prevented these errors from reaching patients, which may otherwise have resulted in increased hospitalization costs and length of stay.
Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and docking studies of some novel azo chromene derivatives
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Kaliyan , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Lalitha Appaswami 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have described a simple, convenient, and high‐yielding one‐pot synthesis of novel azo chromene derivatives via a three‐component reaction of various azo aldehydes with dimedone and malononitrile using 10 mol% of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as catalyst and ethanol as solvent at reflux condition. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR‐MS spectra and molecular docking was performed to explore new inhibitors of human placental aromatase cytochrome P450 and cyclooxygenase‐2 enzymes. Of all the compounds docked, compound (E)‐2‐amino‐4‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxocyclohexyl)‐6‐((3‐methoxyphenyl)diazenyl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile (4o) showed good binding affinity with the active site of human placental aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme (PDB: 3EQM) with inhibition constant (Ki) 1.66 nM and compound 4o also showed good binding affinity with the active site of cyclooxygenase‐2 enzyme (PDB: 6COX) with inhibition constant (Ki) 367.17 pM. In vitro anti‐cancer activity studies against MCF‐7 cells were also performed for compounds 4o, anastrozole and celecoxib. Compound 4o showed an effective cytotoxicity at 19.8 μg/ml compared to anastrozole and celecoxib (24.7 and 26.2 μg/ml).
Clinical value of seven autoantibodies combined detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Mu Yinyu , Xie Fuyi , Sun Tingting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the clinical value of seven autoantibodies (p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4‐5, MAGE A1 and CAGE) in lung cancer patients.MethodsELISA was used to determine serum levels of seven autoantibodies in 177 patients with lung cancer, 201 healthy persons, and 210 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Positive rates of 7 autoantibodies were analyzed; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to analyze their diagnostic efficiency in lung cancer and to compare the positive rate of seven kinds of autoantibody combined detection of lung cancer patients with different clinicopathological features.ResultsThe positive rate of seven autoantibodies in all subjects was 13.44%. The positive rate of seven autoantibodies in lung cancer was 25.42%. The positive rate of the combined detection of seven autoantibodies in the lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (χ2 = 19.76, P < .001) and benign lung disease group (χ2 = 21.44, P < .001). Sensitivity, specificity, and AUCROC of the seven autoantibodies were 25.42%, 91.75%, and 0.683, respectively. Sensitivity and AUCROC were higher than those of the single autoantibody detection. Positive rates of seven autoantibodies in different pathological types and clinical stages of lung cancer patients were significantly different (P < .05).ConclusionsThe combined detection of 7 autoantibodies in lung cancer has some clinical value for the auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer.
Partitions of hypergraphs under variable degeneracy constraints
Authors: Schweser Thomas , Stiebitz Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with partitions of hypergraphs into induced subhypergraphs satisfying constraints on their degeneracy. Our hypergraphs may have multiple edges, but no loops. Given a hypergraph and a sequence of vertex functions such that for all , we want to find a sequence of vertex disjoint induced subhypergraphs containing all vertices of such that each hypergraph is strictly ‐degenerate, that is, for every nonempty subhypergraph there is a vertex such that . Our main result in this paper says that such a sequence of hypergraphs exists if and only if is not a so‐called hard pair. Hard pairs form a recursively defined family of configurations, obtained from three basic types of configurations by the operation of merging a vertex. Our main result has several interesting applications related to generalized hypergraph coloring problems.
Novel hydration and nutritional strategies for sickle cell disease
Authors: Purnell Marcy C. , Rayborn Michong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSickle cell disease and sickle cell trait affect over 300 million people worldwide. Vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) are the most common reason that these patients seek medical care.ObjectivesRecently, a newly identified “trigger” (involving glucose and electrolytes) for a mechanism of abnormal actin polymerization may offer further understanding with regard to the sequence of events that cascade to complications such as VOCs in those with sickle cell disease (SCD) and as well as those with sickle cell trait.MethodsA literature review to identify the current standard of care guidelines for hydration and nutritional strategies during VOCs in patients with SCD and sickle cell trait was conducted in PubMed, OVID, and Google Scholar.ResultsThis review suggested that current rationales for hydration and nutritional strategies for these patients during periods of crisis are generally based on consensus and have remained largely undefined to date.ConclusionThis new trigger, along with this literature review, suggests investigations related to serum glucose and cation (electrolyte) levels may help define novel strategies for the development of protocols/standard of care with regard to intravenous and oral hydration/nutritional guidelines in these patients during both clinical and perioperative management periods.
Novel N‐(benzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)alkanamides; synthesis and carbonic anhydrase II inhibition studies
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Channar Pervaiz A. , Arshad Muhammad , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Raza Hussain , Seo Sung‐Yum 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA II) inhibitors are very important therapeutic targets in drug design for treatment of neuropathic pain and in eradication of glaucoma, cancer, epilepsy, ulcer and obesity. In this study, some two2‐substituted benzoxazoles (3a‐j) were developed as a new family of carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors by employing acyl thiourea chemistry via a simple and expedient protocol and evaluated for CA II inhibitor activity and radical scavenging ability. Compounds 3f and 3j were found to be the most potent inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.00564 and 0.00596 μM, respectively which are several times better than that of the standard, acetazolamide (IC50 value 0.997 ± 0.0586 μM). Docking experiments were carried out against the carbonic anhydrase II crystal structure to better rationalize the inhibitory activities of these new structures. Moreover, the results of a DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that the antioxidant profile of compound 3i is superior to those of other derivatives. The results have revealed that derivatives 3f and 3j behave as CA‐II inhibitors significantly better than standard and 3i has good anti‐oxidation potential.
Convergent synthesis, free radical scavenging, Lineweaver‐Burk plot exploration, hemolysis and in silico study of novel indole‐phenyltriazole hybrid bearing acetamides as potent urease inhibitors
Authors: Khan Wajiha , Abbasi Muhammad A. , Rehman Aziz‐ur , Siddiqui Sabahat Z. , Nazir Majid , Ali Shah Syed A. , Raza Hussain , Hassan Mubashir , Shahid Muhammad , Seo Sung Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the current paper, through a convergent multi‐step approach, a library of novel indole‐phenyltriazole hybrids containing an amide moiety (9a‐k) was synthesized. The structural verification of all synthesized molecules was accomplished by CHN and spectral analyses data. These synthesized bi‐heterocyclic derivatives (9a‐k) were evaluated for their anti‐ulcer potential by inhibitory action against Jack bean urease enzyme and subsequently their structure‐activity relationship was perceived. Moreover, these compounds were inspected for cytotoxic profile by hemolytic activity and it was professed that nearly all the synthesized compounds showed low cytotoxicity. In addition, free radical scavenging activity and kinetic analysis were also carried out for these compounds to understand their mode of inhibition. So, it was summated that these derivatives might lead to further research gateways for obtaining better and safe anti‐ulcer agents.
Stigma and quality of co‐located care for HIV‐positive people in addiction treatment in Ukraine: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sereda Yuliia , Kiriazova Tetiana , Makarenko Olena , Carroll Jennifer J , Rybak Natasha , Chybisov Andriy , Bendiks Sally , Idrisov Bulat , Dutta Arunima , Gillani Fizza S , Samet Jeffrey H , Flanigan Timothy , Lunze Karsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCo‐located treatment for HIV and opioid use disorder has been shown to improve care outcomes for HIV‐positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine. However, patients continue to be stigmatized for both HIV and substance use. This study aimed to assess whether co‐located care for HIV‐positive PWID receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) services in Ukraine is associated with less stigma and better perceived quality of HIV services.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 191 HIV‐positive PWID who received OAT services at three healthcare facilities providing substance use treatment (OAT only) and at four facilities that provided co‐located care (both OAT and HIV treatment) in six regions in Ukraine during July‐September, 2017. Primary outcomes were HIV stigma (Berger scale), substance use stigma (Substance Abuse Stigma Scale) and intersectional stigma (both stigma forms above 75th percentile). Secondary outcome was quality of HIV care, a composite score based on a package of received services. Linear and ordinal regressions were used to assess the predictors of selected outcomes.ResultsStudy participants were 75% male, mean age 40 ± 7 years; 47% received co‐located care, and 10.5% had both high HIV and substance use stigma. Co‐located care was neither associated with HIV nor substance use stigma but it was linked to better quality of HIV care (adjusted odds ratio: 4.13; 95% CI: 2.31, 7.54). HIV stigma was associated with suicide attempts (adjusted beta (aβ): 5.90; 95% CI: 2.05, 9.75), and substance use stigma was linked to poor mental health (aβ: −0.26; 95% CI: −0.44, −0.08) and lower likelihood of receipt of services from non‐governmental organization (NGO; aβ: −6.40; 95% CI: −10.23, −2.57).ConclusionOne in ten people with HIV in this cohort who received OAT services experienced high levels of both HIV and substance use stigma, which was associated with poorer mental health and less NGO support. Co‐located HIV and OAT services were linked to better perceived quality of HIV care, but did not seem to reduce stigma for this key population. Stigma interventions for PWID, possibly delivered involving NGOs, may be an approach to mitigate this challenge.
Renal microvasculature in the adult pipid frog, Xenopus laevis: A scanning electron microscope study of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Minnich Bernd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe studied the opisthonephric (mesonephric) kidneys of adult male and female Xenopus laevis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy of paraplast embedded tissue sections. Both techniques displayed glomeruli from ventral to mid‐dorsal regions of the kidneys with single glomeruli located dorsally close beneath the renal capsule. Glomeruli in general were fed by a single afferent arteriole and drained via a single thinner efferent arteriole into peritubular vessels. Light microscopy and SEM of vascular corrosion casts revealed sphincters at the origins of afferent arterioles, which arose closely, spaced from their parent renal arteries. The second source of renal blood supply via renal portal veins varied interindividually in branching patterns with vessels showing up to five branching orders before they became peritubular vessels. Main trunks and their first‐ and second‐order branches revealed clear longish endothelial cell nuclei imprint patterns oriented parallel to the vessels longitudinal axis, a pattern characteristic for arteries. Peritubular vessels had irregular contours and were never seen as clear cylindrical structures. They ran rather parallel, anastomosed with neighbors and changed into renal venules and veins, which finally emptied into the ventrally located posterior caval vein. A third source of blood supply of the peritubular vessels by straight terminal portions of renal arteries (vasa recta) was not found.
Review of the methods used for calculating physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) for ecological questions
Authors: Martin Meg L. , Travouillon Kenny J. , Fleming Patricia A. , Warburton Natalie M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review examines literature that used physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) as a representative measure of an individual muscle's maximal isometric force production. PCSA is used to understand the muscle architecture and how a trade‐off between muscle force and muscle contractile velocity reflect adaptations of the musculoskeletal system as a reflection of functional demands. Over the decades, methods have been developed to measure muscle volume, fascicle lengths, and pennation angle to calculate PCSA. The advantages and limitations of these methods (especially the inclusion/elimination of pennation angle) are discussed frequently; however, these method descriptions are scattered throughout the literature. Here, we reviewed and summarised the different approaches to collecting and recording muscle architectural properties to subsequently calculate PCSA. By critically discussing the advantages and limitations of each methodology, we aim to provide readers with an overview of repeatable methods to assess muscle architecture. This review may serve as a guide to facilitate readers searching for the appropriate techniques to calculate PCSA and measure muscle architecture to be applied in ecomorphology research.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSDiscuss the theories behind PCSA in a synthesised review to inform researchers about PCSA methodology.
Local anesthetic improves individuals affected with herpes simplex type 1 labialis
Authors: Bastos Monica Danielle Ribeiro , de Figueiredo Fellipe Augusto Tocchini , Macedo Ana Paula , Silva Amanda Cristina Funari , Ferreira Maíra Peres , de Freitas Osvaldo , Pedrazzi Vinicius 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfections caused by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1), commonly called herpes simplex labialis (HSL), are a public health problem, reaching around 40% of the world's population. Thus, the search for effective therapeutic alternatives in the control of the limitations caused by this virus during the stages of evolution of the disease, is necessary, since they have a direct impact on the quality of life of the patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the in situ film precursor semisolid composition in the treatment of herpes simplex lesions in human HSV‐1. Ninety‐eight (n = 98) patients with HSV‐1 were used for this study. The initial exclusion criteria left 81 patients to be considered in the present study. Three applications were performed, the first at time zero (T0) and the other two at 8 and 16 hours, after initial application (T8 and T16). Photographs were taken in the first appointment and 24 and 72 hours after the last application. After the three periods, each patient received a total amount of 90 mg of anesthetic and the prognosis of the patients was followed for 6 months and 1 year after the application. Frequency analysis showed that 40.3% of patients had remission of symptoms 24 hours after the last application. For the present study, the film presented a positive therapeutic potential and an esthetic benefit that is absent in the current products (ointments and gels). The invent presents dosage convenience (only three applications in a 24‐hour period) and a low production cost, with a much shorter healing time than that reported using topical antiretrovirals.
Characterizing extreme rainfalls and constructing confidence intervals for IDF curves using Scaling‐GEV distribution model
Authors: Yeo Myeong‐Ho , Nguyen Van‐Thanh‐Van , Kpodonu Theodore A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article compares the performances of three fitting methods (SLmom, S1NCM, and S3NCM) to account for temporal characteristics of Annual Maximum Precipitations (AMPs) on daily and sub‐daily time scales using scaling General Extreme Value (GEV) distribution at a local site. Based on simple scaling properties of AMPs, the temporal downscaling model (called Scaling‐GEV) with parameter estimation methods are used to estimate sub‐daily AMPs from observed daily data. The feasibility and accuracy of the suggested method were assessed using rainfall data available from Dorval in Quebec (Canada) and Seoul (South Korea) for the period 1961–1990. Presence of simple scaling properties of AMPs for two stations has shown that it is feasible to use the temporal downscaling method for describing the linkage between AMPs of different time scales. Numerical and graphical analyses revealed that the Scaling‐GEV distribution by the Three‐Non central moments (NCM) method (S3NCM) provides the most accurate estimates compared to observed data amongst three fitting methods. In addition, this study suggested a modified bootstrap technique to determine confidence intervals (CIs) CIs of extreme rainfall series using the simple scaling properties of extreme rainfalls and only daily AMPs. Although the CIs were constructed by only daily AMPs and the simple scaling properties, the observed sub‐daily AMPs are generally within the 95% CI estimated.