bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Authors: Elmagzoub Wisal Abdalrahman , Adam Nabawia Mohamed , Idris Sanaa Mohamed , Mukhtar Mohamed Elwaseela , Abdelaziz Sanaa , Okuni Julius Boniface , Ojok Lonzy , Wahed Ahmed Abd El , Eltayeb ElSagad , Gameel Ahmed Abdelrahim , Eltom Kamal Hassan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic wasting disease of mainly domestic and wild ruminants (mammals). It occurs worldwide causing significant economic losses through decreased productivity, low fertility, increased cull rates and mortality. It is an OIE listed disease of concern to trade in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of MAP infection in cattle in Khartoum State.Results: The overall apparent prevalence of MAP infection was found to be 6.3% and 18.9% (95% CL) at animal and herd levels, respectively. All seropositive animals were cross-bred females of good body condition; most of them (>90%) were >3 years old and >50% were from medium sized herds in Omdurman. No significant association (X2 >0.05) was found between seropositivity and animal herd data.Conclusion: The prevalence of MAP infection in Khartoum State is still low to medium compared to other parts of the world, but it is comparable to that reported from other African countries. Further studies with the view of designing wide national surveys in domestic ruminants and camels in other states of the country are needed for establishing control programmes.
Poor Health-related Physical Fitness Performance Increases the Overweight and Obesity Risk in Elderly People From Taiwan
Authors: Lee Po-Fu , Ho Chien-Chang , Chen Hui-Ling , Tseng Ching-Yu , Hsieh Xin-Yu , Chiu Chih Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between health-related physical fitness performance and overweight/obesity risk among Taiwanese healthy older adults.
Methods
A secondary dataset from the nationwide survey with 21,630 data was applied in this study. Demographic characteristics, life habits, perceived health status, anthropometric assessments, and health-related physical fitness measurements from this dataset were analyzed using the chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis.
Results
The results indicated that overweight and obesity significantly reduced health-related physical fitness performance in the Taiwanese older adult population. In particular, the upper extremity muscular endurance scores of older adults with poor activity and physical fitness scores revealed obesity as a critical indicator of health-related physical fitness performance.
Conclusions
Future studies can use muscle quality or body fat classification to predict obesity in older adults, which could more precisely portray the relationship between obesity and health-related physical fitness performance.
RASMA: A Reverse Search Algorithm for Mining Frequent Subgraphs
Authors: Salem Saeed , Alokshiya Mohammed , Hasan Mohammad Al 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mining frequent co-expression networks enables the discovery of interesting network motifs that elucidate important interactions among genes. Such interaction subnetworks have been shown to enhance the discovery of biological modules and subnetwork signatures for gene expression and disease classification. Results: We propose a reverse search algorithm for mining frequent and maximal subgraphs over a collection of graphs. We develop an approach for enumerating connected edge-induced subgraphs of an undirected graph by using a reverse-search algorithm, and then use this enumeration strategy for mining all maximal frequent subgraphs. To overcome the computationally prohibitive task of enumerating all frequent subgraphs while mining for maximal subgraphs, the proposed algorithm employs several pruning strategies, which substantially improve its overall runtime performance. Experimental results show that on large gene coexpression networks, the proposed algorithm efficiently mines biologically relevant maximal frequent subgraphs. Conclusion: Extracting recurrent gene coexpression subnetworks from multiple gene expression experiments enables the discovery of functional modules and subnetwork biomarkers. We have proposed a reverse search algorithm for mining maximal frequent subnetworks. Enrichment analysis of the extracted maximal frequent subnetworks reveals that subnetworks that are more frequent are more likely to be enriched with biological ontologies.
A spatially-tracked single cell transcriptomics map of neuronal networks in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system
Authors: Moss Alison , Robbins Shaina , Achanta Sirisha , Kuttippurathu Lakshmi , Turick Scott , Nieves Sean , Hanna Peter , Smith Elizabeth , Hoover Donald , Chen Jin , Cheng Zixi (Jack) , Ardell Jeffrey , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Schwaber James , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We developed a spatially-tracked single neuron transcriptomics map of an intrinsic cardiac ganglion - the right atrial ganglionic plexus (RAGP) that is a critical mediator of vagal control of the sinoatrial node (SAN) activity. We developed a 3D representation of RAGP with extensive mapping of neurons and used neuronal tracing to identify the spatial distribution of the subset of neurons that project to the SAN. RNAseq of laser capture microdissected neurons revealed a distinct composition of RAGP neurons compared to CNS neuronal subtypes. High-throughput qPCR of hundreds of laser capture microdissected single neurons led to a surprising finding that cholinergic and catecholaminergic neuronal markers Th and Chat were correlated, suggesting multipotential phenotypes that can drive neuroplasticity within RAGP. Interestingly, no single gene or module was an exclusive marker of RAGP neuronal connectivity to SAN. Neuropeptide-receptor coexpression analysis revealed a combinatorial paracrine neuromodulatory network within RAGP, informing follow-on studies on the vagal control of RAGP to regulate cardiac function in health and disease.
Lung nodules and IgG4 related disease: a single-center based experience
Authors: Xie Yan , Xiong Anji , Marion Tony , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the frequency and clinical features of lung nodules in IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) patients as an insight for help with the diagnosis of lung nodules.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2012 to December 2018, 89 patients with definite IgG4-RD were enrolled.Results: Fifty of 89 patients with definite IgG4-RD had radiologically confirmed lung nodules, 6 of whom were diagnosed with definite IgG4 related lung disease. Lung nodules detected in more than 40 patients were small and solid, always with regular margins. Multiple (41/50) and bilateral (34/50) distributions was also a major characteristic of these lung nodules. Lobulation and speculation were simultaneously detected in 3 patients, including 2 patients combined with pleural indentation. Calcification of nodules was detected in only one patient. Thirty-seven patients also had additional radiological abnormalities of lungs, including ground-glass opacity (21/50), thickening of pleura (9/50), thickening of interlobular septa (4/50), thickening of bronchial wall (3/50), pleural effusion (4/50), mass (3/50), interstitial changes (5/50), and mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy (32/50). Most patients (44/50) were treated with glucocorticoids alone or combined with immunosuppressive agents. Sixteen patients received a re-examination by chest computed tomography (CT) scan after treatment, 10 of whom showed a decrease in the size and/or the number of nodules.Conclusions: The incidence of lung nodules in IgG4-RD patients can be high. For an IgG4-RD patient with lung nodules, the possibility that the lung nodules related to IgG4-RLD is high. It is hard to differentiate IgG4 related lung nodules from other lung diseases, in particular, lung cancer. Radiological characteristics and positive responses to glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents can help with the differential diagnosis. For these patients, regular follow-up is also important.
Mechanistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 disease map
Authors: Rian Kinza , Esteban-Medina Marina , Hidalgo Marta R , Çubuk Cankut , Falco Matias M , Loucera Carlos , Gunyel Devrim , Ostaszewski Marek , Peña-Chilet María , Dopazo Joaquin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Here we present a web interface that implements a comprehensive mechanistic model of the SARS-CoV-2 disease map. In this framework, the detailed activity of the human signaling circuits related to the viral infection, covering from the entry and replication mechanisms to the downstream consequences as inflammation and antigenic response, can be inferred from gene expression experiments. Moreover, the effect of potential interventions, such as knock-downs, or drug effects (currently the system models the effect of more than 8000 DrugBank drugs) can be studied. This freely available tool not only provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of the mechanisms of viral invasion and the consequences in the cell but has also the potential of becoming an invaluable asset in the search for efficient antiviral treatments.
Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Enebe Joseph Tochukwu , Enebe Nympha Onyinye , Enebe Joseph Tochukwu , Agunwa Chuka Chike , Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Ezeoke Uchechukwu Enuma , Idoko Arthur Chinedu , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Millions of children have been identified globally to be involved in child labour with low-income countries being mostly hit. This study was aimed at assessing child labour and its predictors among public secondary school students in Enugu metropolis.
Methods
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary school students attending public secondary schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses were done using SPSS version 23 and STATA Software. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% p-value.
Results
The prevalence of overall child labour among the respondents was high (71.7%) likewise its different categories: domestic (52.1%) and economic (34.0%) child labour. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Approximately 65% (236) of the respondents who had heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. They mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. Class of study (AOR = 2.208 (95% CI: 1.199–4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR = 0.316 (95% CI: 0.176–0.567) predicted child labour among the respondents.
Conclusion
The prevalence of child labour among public secondary schools in Enugu was high and the predictors were the class of the respondents and the weekly income they made. This may imply that child labour in Enugu was driven by poverty as respondents who earned higher were more involved in child labour thereby calling for concerted economic and social reforms to reduce this menace.
Accurate and Objective Determination of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Disease Severity with a Wearable Sensor
Authors: Palombo Turner , Campos Andrea , Vernon Suzanne D. , Roundy Shad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Approximately 2.5 million people in the U.S. suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This disease negatively impacts patients’ ability to function, often resulting in difficulty maintaining employment, sustaining financial independence, engaging socially with others, and in particularly severe cases, consistently and adequately performing activities of daily living. The focus of this research was to develop a sensor-based method to measure upright activity defined as time with feet on the floor and referred to as UpTime, as an indicator of ME/CFS disease severity.Methods A commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU), the Shimmer, was selected for this research. A Kalman filter was used to convert IMU data collected by the Shimmer to angle estimates. Angle estimate accuracy was confirmed by comparison to a motion capture system. Leg angle estimates were then converted to personalized daily UpTime scores using a critical angle of 39º from vertical to differentiate between upright (feet on the floor) and not upright. A six-day, case-control study with 15 subjects (five healthy controls, five moderate-level ME/CFS, and five severe-level ME/CFS) was conducted to determine the utility of UpTime for assessing disease severity.Results UpTime was found to be a significant measure of ME/CFS disease severity. Severely ill ME/CFS patients spend less than 20% of each day with feet on the floor. Moderately ill ME/CFS patients spend between 20–30% of each day with feet on the floor. Healthy controls have greater than 30% UpTime. IMU-measured UpTime was more precise than self-reported hours of upright activity which were over-estimated by patients.Conclusions UpTime is an accurate and objective measure of upright activity, a measure that can be used to assess disease severity in ME/CFS patients. Due to its ability to accurately monitor upright activity, UpTime can also be used as a reliable endpoint for evaluating ME/CFS treatment efficacy. Future studies with larger samples and extended data collection periods are required to fully confirm the use of UpTime as a measure of disease severity in ME/CFS. With the added perspective of large-scale studies, this sensor-based platform could provide a recovery path for individuals struggling with ME/CFS.
Comparative Effectiveness of Dulaglutide Versus Iiraglutide in Asian type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Multi-Institutional Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chang Kai-Cheng , Shao Shih-Chieh , Kuo Shihchen , Yang Chen-Yi , Chen Hui-Yu , Chan Yuk-Ying , Ou Huang-tz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHead-to-head comparison of clinical effectiveness between dulaglutide and liraglutide in Asia is limited. This study was aimed to assess the real-world comparative effectiveness of dulaglutide versus liraglutide. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study by utilizing multi-institutional electronic medical records to identify real-world type 2 diabetes patients treated with dulaglutide or liraglutide during 2016-2018 in Taiwan and followed up until 2019. Effectiveness outcomes were assessed at every three months in the one-year follow-up. Propensity score techniques were applied to enhance between-group comparability. Significant differences in changes of effectiveness outcomes between treatment groups during the follow-up were examined and further analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures approaches. ResultsA total of 1,512 subjects receiving dulaglutide and 1,513 subjects receiving liraglutide were identified. At 12 months, significant HbA1c changes from baseline were found in both treatments (dulaglutide: -1.06%, p<0.001; liraglutide: -0.83%, p<0.001), with a significant between-group difference (-0.23%, 95% confidence interval: -0.38 to -0.08%, p<0.01). Both treatments yielded significant declines in weight, alanine aminotransferase level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline (dulaglutide: -1.14 kg, -3.08 U/L and -2.08 ml/min/1.73 m2, p<0.01; liraglutide: -1.64 kg, -3.65 U/L and -2.33 ml/min/1.73 m2, p<0.001), whereas only dulaglutide yielded a significant systolic blood pressure reduction (-2.47 mmHg, p<0.001). Between-group differences in changes of weight, blood pressure, and liver and renal functions at 12 months were not statistically significant. ConclusionsIn real-world T2D patients, dulaglutide versus liraglutide yielded better glycemic control and comparable effects on changes of weight, blood pressure, and liver and renal functions.
Treatment Strategies for Nonunion After Intramedullary Nailing for Femoral Fracture: Experiences of Fifty Nonunion Patients
Authors: Yu Guang-Shu , Xu Yang-Kai , Lin Yan-Bin , Zhuang Yan , Xiong Sheng-Ren , Xiong Guo-Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Femoral nonunion is mainly caused by factors such as instability of the fracture end, insufficient blood supply, or infection. However, these factors are mainly related to the different fracture types and inappropriate treatment plans. It is important to analyze the etiology of femoral nonunion and use a simple and effective treatment method to resolve it. The purpose of this study was to divide femoral nonunion into different types and give corresponding treatment strategies.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 50 patients with femoral nonunion. Patients were divided into six groups and each group was treated with a different strategy. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically every month until fracture healing.Results: All 50 patients were followed up with an average follow-up time of 17.44 ± 5.48 months. Based on the type of primary femoral fracture and the factors causing nonunion, we divided the femoral nonunion into six types. These included Type I: nonunion caused by instability of simple fracture (AO classification 32-A); Type II: nonunion caused by stress shielding at fracture ends of a simple fracture (AO/OTA classification 32-A); Type III: nonunion in femoral fracture with third fragment (AO/OTA classification 32-B); Type IV: nonunion in femoral fracture with segmental femoral fracture (AO/OTA classification 32-C2); Type V: nonunion in comminuted femoral fracture (AO/OTA classification 32-C3); and Type VI: nonunion caused by infection. Based on these classifications, the following methods are used to treat femoral nonunion. Type I femoral nonunion will achieve fracture healing by blocking screws, exchanging intramedullary nails, or adding plates. Type II femoral nonunion can be addressed through dynamitization or bone graft (possibly in combination with plate fixation) to achieve fracture healing. Type III femoral nonunion requires a treatment plan of bone graft or bone graft combined with plate fixation. The treatment plan for Type IV femoral nonunion is to add a plate, and autogenous bone graft if necessary. Type V femoral nonunion treatment is bone graft combined with plate fixation, or external fixation with subsequent bone segment transport or lengthening. Type VI requires placement of antibiotic bone cement or external fixation added to fix the fracture end.Conclusions: There are several factors associated with failure of femoral fracture treatments by intramedullary nailing. We need to carefully analyze the causes of fracture treatment failure. Our six classifications and corresponding treatment strategies resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Molecular Interaction of Cytotoxic Anticancer Analogues as Inhibitors of β-tubulin Protein Against UACC-62 Melanoma Cell
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chung , Wu Chi-Rei , Lien Jin-Cherng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In previous research, a series of cytotoxic anticancer analogues related to 2-acylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives has been demonstrated. As microtubule plays an important role in many essential cellular processes such as mitosis, tubulin is an important target of anticancer drug.
Methods
This study performed molecular docking simulation, pharmacophore model, comparative force field analysis model, and comparative similarity indices analysis model to investigate the relationship between inhibitory activities and the properties of compounds, in order to further progress the development of cytotoxic anticancer analogues.
Results
These compounds have common H-bond interactions with key residues Lys254 and Lys352, but compounds with large R2 substituent have different docking poses than compounds with small R2 substituent. Some of derivatives such as compound 18 formed the H-bonds with residue Lys254 using the oxygen atoms in R1 substituent and formed π-cation interactions with residue Lys352 using phenyl moiety of 1,4-naphthoquinone. The R1 substituent of these compounds preferred to have disfavored hydrophobic fields and favorable space toward the direction of residue Asn258, while the R2 substituent of these compounds preferred to have about 2–3 carbon chain length hydrophobic substituent toward the direction of residues Ala316 and Lys352.
Conclusion
These results offer some beneficial advices for further study in anticancer drug development process.
Maternal mortality following thromboembolism; Incidences and prophylaxis strategies
Authors: Shirazi Mahboobeh , Sahebdel Behrokh , Torkzaban Mahnoosh , Feyzabad Elham , ghaemi marjan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Thromboembolism is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, which can be prevented in many cases. The present study was designed to investigate the incidence and prophylaxis strategies for maternal mortality following thromboembolism.Methods: In this case series study, the data of the mortality cases were extracted according to the ethical and security standards of the Ministry of Health of the country. The thromboembolism risk factors measured and scored using a questionnaire entitled "the evaluation of risk factors for maternal mortality following thromboembolism during pregnancy, labor, or post-partum".Results: The maternal mortality rate was 16 per 100,000 live births. Among 297 mortality cases, 27 (9%) death were due to thromboembolism. The mean gestational age was 32.5 weeks. Dyspnea (88.8%) and tachycardia (18.5%) were found as common clinical manifestations in these patients. Sixteen cases (59.3%) did not get heparin, 6 (22.2%) received single dose and 5 (18.5%) received two doses and more. In these 11 cases, 5 (45%) patients received heparin before surgery, 1 after surgery, and 5 before and after surgery. Twenty cases deceased in the first hours after delivery and the rest after 2 to 12 days. The average score of risk for thromboembolism based on Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologist (RCOG) guideline was 4.6.Conclusion: It seems that one of the most important cause of maternal mortality in this study was the lack of recognition of high-risk patients and the lack of prescription for prophylaxis with heparin and this clearly explains the need for accurate screening of high-risk mothers, designing a standard form and the care and treatment of these patients.