bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The arrival of a new principal and the school staff
Authors: Oplatka Izhar , Ben Or Hamutal 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore teachers’ responses to the arrival of new principals (NPs) into their school. More specifically, the paper poses three questions: How do teachers perceive the arrival of an NP into their school? How do teachers cope with the arrival of an NP? What are the factors affecting teachers’ responses towards the arrival of an NP?

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Israeli teachers who experienced the arrival of an NP into their school during the last three years.

Findings
The perceived image of the former principal in the teachers’ lounge and the manner in which s/he left principalship seem to greatly influence teachers’ responses towards the NP. Likewise, the first personal conversations of the NP with the teachers are highly influential on their responses to his/her arrival into their school.

Originality/value
The paper sheds light on the critical role of emotions towards the former principal in the induction stages of NPs.
Islamic ethics, capital structure and profitability of banks; what makes Islamic banks different?
Authors: Toumi Kaouther 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The paper aims to investigate whether the Islamic banks (IBs) and the conventional banks (CBs) could be distinguished from one another on the basis of their capital structure, profitability and their respective determinants with using a multivariate statistical method for analysis of data.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a comparative study based on a predictive model, the binary logistic regression, using a sample of 53 listed CBs and 45 listed IBs from the Middle East region for the period 2006-2014.

Findings
The binary logistic regression reveals that profitability and capital structure are good predictors that help to distinguish between the two categories of banks. Results suggest that higher are the net margin and capital ratio, higher is the probability that the bank is Islamic. For the return on assets, results show that lower is this value; higher is the likelihood that the bank is Islamic. Regarding their related determinants, the findings suggest first that banks with higher dividend payout policy, financing ratio, costs ratio and insolvency risk are more likely to be Islamic. Second, results suggest that banks with lower collaterals, size and credit risk are more likely to be Islamic.

Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to the growing literature on corporate finance and Islamic banking. Analyzing the capital structure and profitability of the two categories of banks is important for investors, financial analysts and regulators. Understanding the differences contributes to understand how following Islamic finance principles and being under Sharīʿah governance could impact the bank profitability and financial decision, as well as investors behavior.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the scare literature dedicated to the use of the multivariate statistical methods for the analysis of data to compare the financial characteristics of IBs and CBs.
The effect of social contexts and formation of individualism–collectivism orientation on knowledge sharing intention: the case of workers in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Soo 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study aims to pay attention to the role of social contexts, including perceived relationship conflict and coworker support in creating an individualistic or collectivistic disposition, and how organization members differently behave to share knowledge depending on their personal dispositions.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was set and PLS-SEM was used to validate the proposed eight hypotheses. A total of 462 survey data were collected from workers in Korea to test the model.FindingsThe findings revealed that both perceived relationship conflict and coworker support positively influence knowledge sharing intention by facilitating formation of individualism and collectivism orientation. In other words, individualism and collectivism are motivated by different factors, which applies equally to knowledge sharing.Originality/valueThis study makes an initial step to explain the relationship between knowledge sharing behavior and individualism–collectivism orientation by using social contexts as a potential antecedent. Especially, along with perceived co-worker support, perceived relationship conflict was also found to have a positive impact on knowledge sharing intention through individualism orientation, which is a significant contribution to the field of knowledge management.
Corporate governance and the impact to the R&D lab
Authors: Markus Arjan , Swift Tim 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether the strength of corporate governance influences the firm’s ability to retain their key knowledge workers or inventors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper links agency and innovation theory to develop the hypotheses. Agency theory predicts that the interests of employees are counter to those of firm owners. The authors predict that as shareholder power grows as corporate governance strengthens, inventors who are highly productive, and those who pursue risky but valuable exploratory innovation will leave the firm. Given prior scholarship in innovation theory establishing the critical contributions that new knowledge creation and exploratory innovation make to firms’ competitive advantage, the authors consider whether stronger firm-level corporate governance leads to the erosion of the firm’s competitive advantage. The hypotheses are empirically tested using generalized least squares estimation on a data set that combines data on firms, their patents and the governance provisions these firms adopt.FindingsUsing a 10-year sample of publicly traded US firms, the authors find that stronger corporate governance erodes the very foundation of a firm’s innovation capabilities. Stronger corporate governance reduces management job security, which makes managers more risk-averse. This heightened “managerial myopia” results in increased departures of highly valuable inventors employed by the firm. The authors show that these departing inventors are more productive inventors than those who remain and engage in more exploratory R&D than the remaining inventors at the firm.Originality/valueThe findings raise questions on the appropriateness of the adoption of governance provisions strengthening shareholder rights in firms pursuing innovation.
“Sometimes the whole map is red”: applying geographical assessment methods to safeguard adolescents from harm in communities
Authors: Lloyd Jenny 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities of geographical child protection assessment methods for adolescents victimised in extra-familial contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
Presenting empirical evidence from an action research study within one child protection service in the UK, the study draws upon qualitative data from practice observations, case review, training and five context assessments.

Findings
Safety mapping and neighbourhood observations provide options to assess extra-familial contexts. Findings reveal that these methods support practitioners to build local knowledge of areas supporting interventions into community places rooted in principles of child protection.

Research limitations/implications
While geographical methods are already used by the police to map the locations of crimes, these methods provide opportunities to account for young people’s own experiences of harm and support interventions into neighbourhood spaces supporting a contextual safeguarding approach to adolescent harm.

Practical implications
The paper highlights the need for further testing of contextual safeguarding approaches and policy guidance that outlines whose role it is to protect children in communities.

Social implications
Geographical assessment methods provide a route to engage with young people’s lived experience of place. And develop interventions that target contexts and not just individuals affected by extra-familial harm.

Originality/value
The paper presents original research into the use of geographical assessment methods to be used within a child protection framework.
Extending the knowledge on cause-related marketing (CrM) campaign with focus on skepticism
Authors: Deb Madhurima , Amawate Vibhas 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This study aims to gain insight on evaluation of cause-related marketing (CrM) campaigns by the millennial with focus on skepticism, brand identity and patronage intention.

Design/methodology/approach
To attain the above objective a conceptual model was developed and tested using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings
The finding suggests that sub-segments exist among millennial segments. They can be classified into hedonic, utilitarian, individualistic and collectivists. Compared to utilitarian and individualistic customers hedonic and collectivists were found to evaluate CrM campaign more favorably. Utilitarian and individualistic depict skepticism toward CrM campaign.

Practical implications
The in-depth knowledge gained about millennials is expected to benefit academicians and marketers alike. Academicians will be enriched by the knowledge of the micro-segments that exists among the millennial and how that had differential impact on their skepticism while evaluating CrM campaign. The marketers involved in the designing and implementation of the CrM campaign will be benefited from the in-depth knowledge of segments with lower and higher levels of skepticism. Such knowledge gained will help them develop more effective CrM campaign.

Originality/value
One of the contributions of the present study is that it extends the existing knowledge about millennials, particularly in the context of CrM campaign evaluation integrating it with other important variables such as skepticism, brand identity and patronage intention.
In vitro vRNA–vRNA interactions in the H1N1 influenza A virus genome
Authors: Miyamoto Sho , Noda Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe genome of influenza A virus consists of eight‐segmented, single‐stranded, negative‐sense viral RNAs (vRNAs). Each vRNA contains a central coding region that is flanked by noncoding regions. It has been shown that upon virion formation, the eight vRNAs are selectively packaged into progeny virions through segment‐specific packaging signals that are located in both the terminal coding regions and adjacent noncoding regions of each vRNA. Although recent studies using next‐generation sequencing suggest that multiple intersegment interactions are involved in genome packaging, contributions of the packaging signals to the intersegment interactions are not fully understood. Herein, using synthesized full‐length vRNAs of H1N1 WSN (A/WSN/33 [H1N1]) virus and short vRNAs containing the packaging signal sequences, we performed in vitro RNA binding assays and identified 15 intersegment interactions among eight vRNAs, most of which were mediated by the 3′‐ and 5′‐terminal regions. Interestingly, all eight vRNAs interacted with multiple other vRNAs, in that some bound to different vRNAs through their respective 3′‐ and 5′‐terminal regions. These in vitro findings would be of use in future studies of in vivo vRNA–vRNA interactions during selective genome packaging.
Comparison of sulfide‐oxidizingSulfurimonasstrains reveals a new mode of thiosulfate formation in subsurface environments
Authors: Lahme Sven , Callbeck Cameron M. , Eland Lucy E. , Wipat Anil , Enning Dennis , Head Ian M. , Hubert Casey R.J. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySulfur‐oxidizingSulfurimonasspp. are widespread in sediments, hydrothermal vent fields, aquifers and subsurface environments such as oil reservoirs where they play an important role in the sulfur cycle. We determined the genome sequence of the oil field isolateSulfurimonassp. strain CVO and compared its gene expression during nitrate‐dependent sulfide oxidation to the coastal sediment isolateSulfurimonas denitrificans. Formation of elemental sulfur (S0) and high expression of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) genes indicates that sulfide oxidation in both strains is mediated by SQR. Subsequent oxidation of S0was achieved by the sulfur oxidation enzyme complex (SOX). In the coastalS. denitrificans, the genes are arranged and expressed as two clusters:soxXY1Z1ABandsoxCDY2Z2H, and sulfate was the sole metabolic end product. By contrast, the oil field strain CVO has only thesoxCDY2Z2Hcluster and notsoxXY1Z1AB. Despite the absence of thesoxXY1Z1ABcluster, strain CVO oxidized S0to thiosulfate and sulfate, demonstrating thatsoxCDY2Z2Hgenes alone are sufficient for S0oxidation inSulfurimonasspp. and that thiosulfate is an additional metabolic end product. Screening of publicly available metagenomes revealed thatSulfurimonasspp. with only thesoxCDY2Z2Hcluster are widespread suggesting this mechanism of thiosulfate formation is environmentally significant.
Impact of sanitation, safe drinking water and health expenditure on infant mortality rate in developing economies
Authors: Lu Zhou , Bandara Jayatilleke S. , Paramati Sudharshan Reddy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite of significant growth in all walks of life, the issue of infant mortality still a major concern in most of the developing economies. The World Development Indicators have reported that 4.45 million infants died across the globe in 2015, meaning that 32 deaths per every 1,000 live births. A number of times, the World Health Organization (WHO) have stressed the significance of sanitation, safe drinking water and healthcare facilities in reducing infant mortality rate, though most developing countries still lacks in these services. Given this background, the present study aims to examine the role of sanitation, water facilities and health expenditure on infant mortality rate across a panel of 84 developing economies using annual data from 1995 to 2013. The study also account for per capita income and depth of food deficiency as the control factors in the model. The findings of this study establish a significant long‐run equilibrium association among the variables. The long‐run elasticities on infant mortality suggest that improved water and sanitation facilities, health expenditure and per capita income substantially reduce infant mortality rate, while food deficiency increases. Given these findings, we suggest that increasing access to improved water, sanitation and healthcare facilities will significantly reduce child mortality in developing economies around the world.
Variations in the care of agitated patients in Australia and New Zealand ambulance services
Authors: Nambiar Dhanya , Pearce James W , Bray Janet , Stephenson Michael , Nehme Ziad , Masters Stacey , Brink Deon , Smith Karen , Arendts Glenn , Fatovich Daniel , Bernard Stephen , Haskins Brian , Grantham Hugh , Cameron Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to examine variations in paramedic care of the agitated patient, including verbal de‐escalation, physical restraint and sedation, provided by ambulance services in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsTo examine the care of agitated patients, we first identified and reviewed all clinical practice guidelines for the management of agitated patients in Australian and New Zealand ambulance services between September and November 2018. We then conducted a structured questionnaire to obtain further information on the training, assessment and care of agitated patients by the ambulance services. Two authors extracted the data independently, and all interpretations and results were reviewed and confirmed by relevant ambulance services.ResultsThere were 10 independent clinical practice guidelines for the care of agitated patients in the 10 ambulance services. All services reported training in the management of agitated patients, and two services used a validated tool to assess the level of agitation. All services used physical restraint, although six services required police presence to restrain the patient. All ambulance services used some form of sedation, typically divided into the management of mild to moderate, and severe agitation. The most common agent for sedation was midazolam, while ketamine was the most common agent for sedating severely agitated patients. The maximum dose was varied, and contraindications for sedating agents varied between services.ConclusionsThere were wide variations across the ambulance services in terms of the assessment of agitation, as well as the use of physical restraint and sedation.
Multiple microRNAs control ecdysone signaling in the midgut of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Luo Wei , Huang Li‐Xia , Qin Shuang‐Kang , Zhang Xian , Feng Qi‐Li , Gu Jun , Huang Li‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetamorphosis is one of the most important physiological processes in insects. It is regulated by a serial of ecdysone cascade genes. Recently, lots of microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated in insects; however, their function in metamorphosis is largely unknown. In the present study, the dynamics of a small RNA population was investigated by RNA sequencing from the midgut of a lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura during larval–pupal metamorphosis. A total of 101 miRNAs were identified, and 75 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the metamorphic process. The relationship between these differentially expressed miRNAs and 12 ecdysone cascade genes was analyzed by four classical software programs, and a multiple‐to‐multiple regulatory network was found to exist between these miRNAs and their targets. Among them, miR‐14‐3p and its two targets (EcR and E75) were chosen for further validation. MiR‐14‐3p had higher expression level in the 6th instar larvae as compared with either the prepupae or pupae, which was opposite to that of both EcR and E75, two ecdysone cascade genes. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that both EcR and E75 were regulated by miR‐14‐3p. Interestingly, the 3′ untranslated regions are nearly identical to each other among different transcript variants of the ecdysone cascade genes, including EcR, USP, E75, E74, E78, E93, Hr3, Hr4, Hr39, Krh1 and Ftzf1. Thus, different transcript variants of one ecdysone cascade gene could be regulated by the same miRNA. The above data suggest that the ecdysone signaling pathway is under the tight control of miRNA. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism of insect metamorphosis and may also provide a novel possibility for the control of pest insects in the future.
Why have public mass shootings become more deadly?
Authors: Lankford Adam , Silver James 
Published: December 2019

Research SummaryPublic mass shootings in the United States have become substantially more deadly over time. We document this increase, offer a model to explain it, review supporting evidence for the model, and present new findings on offenders from 1966 to 2019. It appears that societal changes have led to more public mass shooters who are motivated to kill large numbers of victims for fame or attention, as well as to more shooters who have been directly influenced by previous attackers. They often spend extended time planning their attacks and are increasingly likely to acquire powerful weapons and develop specific strategies to enhance their lethality.Policy ImplicationsNew policies should be aimed at addressing the aforementioned factors. For instance, the deadliest public mass shooters’ desires for fame and attention might be countered by a change in media coverage policies. Additionally, the deadliest perpetrators’ lengthy planning periods have been associated with more warning signs being reported to police, so that type of information could justify denying many potential attackers access to firearms through extreme risk protection orders and red flag laws.
Algorithmic approach to forecasting rare violent events
Authors: Berk Richard A. , Sorenson Susan B. 
Published: December 2019

Research SummaryMass violence, almost no matter how defined, is (thankfully) rare. Rare events are difficult to study in a systematic manner. Standard statistical procedures can fail badly, and usefully accurate forecasts of rare events often are little more than an aspiration. We offer an unconventional approach for the statistical analysis of rare events illustrated by an extensive case study. We report research aimed at learning about the attributes of very‐high‐risk intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators and the circumstances associated with their IPV incidents reported to the police. “Very high risk” is defined as having a high probability of committing a repeat IPV assault in which the victim is injured. Such individuals represent a very small fraction of all IPV perpetrators; these acts of violence reported to the police are rare. To learn about them nevertheless, we sequentially apply in a novel fashion three algorithms to data collected from a large metropolitan police department: stochastic gradient boosting, a genetic algorithm inspired by natural selection, and agglomerative clustering. We try to characterize not just perpetrators who on balance are predicted to reoffend but also who are very likely to reoffend in a manner that leads to victim injuries. Important lessons for forecasts of mass violence are presented.Policy ImplicationsIf one intends to forecast mass violence, it is probably important to consider approaches less dependent on statistical procedures common in criminology. Given that one needs to “fatten” the right tail of the rare events distribution, a combination of supervised machine learning and genetic algorithms may be a useful approach. One can then study a synthetic population of rare events almost as if they were an empirical population of rare events. Variants on this strategy are increasingly common in machine learning and causal inference. Our overall goal is to unearth predictors that forecast well. In the absence of sufficiently accurate forecasts, scarce resources to help prevent mass violence cannot be allocated where they are most needed.
Rapid response to mass shootings
Authors: Reeping Paul M. , Jacoby Sara , Rajan Sonali , Branas Charles C. 
Published: December 2019

Research SummaryWe conducted a scoping review of literature indexed in the National Library of Medicine's journal citation database, MEDLINE, and Scopus to identify articles in which the rapid response of hospital staff, emergency medical services personnel, the police, and the public to mass shootings is covered. Sixty‐five articles were included, and critical themes related to reducing the harm from a mass shooting were summarized.Policy ImplicationsAccording to our findings, when mass shootings occur in the United States, several evidence‐informed steps can be taken from the moment the first bullet is fired until the last injured individual is transported to the hospital to promote a rapid response that can reduce death and disability. Ten recommendations are made ranging from recognition of the need for rapid response and bystander training to triage and transport training of police and avoidance of over‐response.