bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Risk Allele Frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Shin Hyun-Tae , Yoon Byung Woo , SEO JEHYUN 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) varies from 6.8% to 18.3% for all forms of AMD and from 0.6% to 2.6% for late AMD according to race, suggesting the existence of genetic differences among races. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic causes of differences in the prevalence of AMD among individuals of different races.Methods: We collected 138 AMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association studies catalog. Their population-level allele frequencies were derived based on the 1000 Genomes Project and Korean Reference Genome Database. We used Fisher’s exact tests to assess whether the effect allele at a given SNP was significantly enriched or depleted in the database.Results: European, American, and South Asian populations showed similar heatmap patterns, whereas East Asian, and Korean populations had distinct patterns. Korean populations exhibited patterns that were different from those of the other groups; rs5754227 (SYN3), rs1626340 (TGFBR1/COL15A1), rs3750846(ARMS2/HTRA1), and rs9564692 (B3GALTL) were enriched, whereas rs2230199 (C3) and rs73036519 (EXOC3L2/MARK4) were depleted in Koreans; these SNPs are associated with late AMD. The genetic risk score calculated from allele frequencies was not less in East Asians than in Europeans.Conclusion: The prevalence of AMD is lower in Asians than in Europeans. However, our study showed that genetic risk scores in East Asians were similar to those in Europeans, which may explain why the global projected number of people with AMD by 2040 is in largest for East Asians, including Koreans.
Development and Evaluation of Decision Aid for Family Surrogate Decision Makers of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in ICU: A Study Protocol
Authors: Zheng Miao , Yin Changlin , Cao Ying , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Kuoliang , Zhang Xiaoqin , Bian Wei , Wang Lihua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Shared decision-making is endorsed by guidelines in both acute kidney injury and critical care medicine. However, there is still a huge need for effective interventions, especially focusing on decisions in renal replacement therapy for ICU patients with acute kidney injury. Decision aid is an evidence-based support to achieve shared decision-making for better decision quality, which not only enhances knowledge of treatment options but also matches patients’ preferences and values.Objectives To develop and evaluate a decision aid for family surrogate decision makers of ICU patients with acute kidney injury who are requiring renal replacement therapy, following a systematic and rigorous process.Methods We will follow the systematic development process combined with user-centered design, to develop and evaluate the decision aid in three phases: (1) development of a decision aid based on extensive literature reviews, key stakeholders’ interviews, evidence synthesis and drafting prototype; (2) alpha-testing (“near-live” usability) during simulated clinical encounters to test the comprehensibility, acceptability and usability; (3) beta-testing (“live” usability) to examine the feasibility in the clinical context. User-testing will be conducted for the iterative revision of the decision aid. The IPDASi (v4.0) will be used for the qualitative assessment.Discussion This study may help family surrogate decision makers make renal replacement treatment decisions that match with their loved one’s preferences and values in ICU context, while helping user-centered design integrate into this complex medical decision making.Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial registry (ChiCTR2000031613).
Delayed Onset Postoperative Spinal Epidural Hematoma After Lumbar Spinal Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wang Longjie , Wang Hui , Zeng Yan , Zhong Woquan , Chen Zhongqiang , Li Weishi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Posterior spinal epidural hematoma (PSEH) often develops after the surgery within 24 hours. On rare occasions, PSEH happened after 3 days, up to two weeks, which were classified as delayed onset PSEH. Due to its rarity, previous studies only described the clinical features, whereas risk factors cannot be able to assess.Methods Patients who developed PSEH requiring hematoma evacuation between December 2013 and January 2020 were included and divided into early onset (Group A) and delayed onset group (Group B) based on the time of symptom onset (72 hours). For each PSEH patients, 3 controls (Group C) who did not develop the PSEH in the same period were randomly selected. Clinical features were compared among three groups and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for group A and B.Results 32 patients (0.35%) were identified as the early onset PSEH (occurred at 10.68  11.5h) and 15 (0.16%) patients were the delayed onset ones (occurred at 130.60  61.78h). When compare the group A and B, group A showed higher rate of multilevel procedure (Group A: 75%, Group B: 40%, p=0.02), lower drainage (Group A: 239.69±245.70, Group B: 613.67±599.83, p=0.004), lower APTT (Group A: 31.55±4.07, Group B: 35.63±7.24, p=0.018) and higher JOA score at discharge (Group A: 20.68±4.72, Group B: 17.67±4.79, p=0.039). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified multilevel procedure (OR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.84-17.25), postoperative systolic blood pressure (SBP)(OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.15) and abnormal coagulation (OR: 5.68, 95% CI: 1.74-18.52) as the independent risk factors for group A, whereas for group B, postoperative SBP (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) and previous spinal surgery (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.09-20.70) at the same level were the risk factors.Conclusions Our study revealed the overall incidence of delayed onset PSEH was 0.16% in posterior lumbar spinal surgery and the risk for it was different from early onset PSEH. For the early onset PSEH, multilevel procedure, postoperative SBP and abnormal coagulation were the risk factors and for the delayed onset PSEH, the postoperative SBP and previous spinal surgery at the same level were the independent risk factors.
Damage Evaluation of Ballistic Gelatin Penetrated by Rigid Bullets
Authors: Mo Genlin , Liu Jing , Ma Qianwen , Jin Yongxi , Yan Wenmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Terminal performance of a bullet in the human body is critical for the treatment of the wounded person and the optimization of the bullet. The effects of the initial velocity and the initial attack angle of the bullet on the terminal performance needs to be investigated.Methods Ballistic gelatin was used to simulate the human body. Rigid 7.62 mm rifle bullets were fired into the gelatin blocks. The damaged gelatin was analyzed using the proposed expansion method. Relations between the damaged gelatin and the initial velocity, the initial attack angle were obtained using the fitting method.Results The damaged gelatin block could be divided into two parts: the less damaged part and the severely damaged part. The length of the less damaged part depends mostly on the initial attack angle. The average damaged area of this part depends on both the initial attack angle and the initial velocity. The cracks contribute significantly to the total volume of damaged gelatin, particularly when the expansion becomes larger than 1.9 mm. The total damaged gelatin increases with the initial velocity, the initial attack angle and the expansion extent. The increasing rate may diminish if the contribution of the cracks to the damaged gelatin is ignored. Conclusions The expansion method is suitable to investigate the influences of factors of the bullet on the terminal performances. The characteristics of the damaged gelatin have a linear relationship with the initial attack angle and the initial velocity of the bullet.
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Protocol Of Observational Studies To Assess The Association Between Sleep And Mental Resilience In Healthy Individuals
Authors: Arora Teresa , Alamoodi Asma , Grey Ian , Östlundh Linda , Omar Omar M. , Grandner Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental resilience has emerged as a recent focus within the context of positive psychology. Resilience is a potentially modifiable construct. Some preliminary evidence from experimental studies as well as clinical populations has indicated that sleep may be related to mental resilience, but little is known about this relationship in healthy populations. Sleep is a complex with multi-factorial outcome, although the majority of research effort has focused on sleep duration and sleep quality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis will identify original research data from observational studies to assess if sleep duration and/or sleep quality is associated with levels of psychological resilience amongst healthy children, adolescents and adults. We hypothesize that there will be a positive association between sleep duration/quality and mental resilience across all age groups. Methods: A comprehensive, systematic search for literature will be conducted in June 2020 (LÖ), covering a total of eight academic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Academic Search Complete). Sources for grey materials will also be included and experts in the field will also be contacted for inclusion of unpublished data. PubMed and PubMed’s MeSH terms were used to develop the search strategy and systematically identify relevant search terms. Two authors (IG & AA) will screen the articles independently, and a third researcher (TA) will resolve discrepancies. The primary outcome is mental/psychological resilience. The systematic review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Discussion: The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis are intended to be published in an appropriate scientific peer-reviewed journal and will be made publicly available. The findings from our project are envisioned to inform and educate the public as well as healthcare and education systems, globally. Our systematic review is currently undergoing peer-review in the international database, PROSPERO.Systematic review registration: 191119 (submitted on 2 July 2020).
Association Between Vision Impairment And Traffic Safety Outcomes In Low And Middle-Income Countries: Protocol For A Systematic Review
Authors: Piyasena Mapa Mudiyanselage Prabhath Nishantha , Clarke Mike , MacKenzie Greame , Chan Ving Fai , Olvera-Herrera Victoria Odette , Congdon Nathan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Road traffic injuries are a major public health concern. The burden and road traffic fatality rate are especially high in low-and middle-income countries and the socioeconomic impact is profound. Although many authors have studied the correlation between vision and traffic safety, there is no robust evidence base that could be used in advocacy. This systematic review will test the hypothesis that interventions to improve vision function are associated with good traffic safety outcomes.Methods: Cochrane guidance on conducting a systematic review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Protocols (PRISMA-P) were used to inform the preparation of this protocol and the Cochrane guidance and the main PRISMA guidance will inform the conduct and reporting of the review. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO host), Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. We will include studies of any design which either attempt to access traffic safety outcomes of any kind among persons with any vision deficit or examine vision among persons who use roads. The primary outcome for this review is any measure of traffic safety or surrogate outcomes. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias will be done by two reviewers. A meta-analysis or narrative data synthesis will be conducted, depending on study quality and homogeneity.Discussion: The results of this review will include summary estimates of vision and the effects of interventions to improve vision function, that are associated with traffic safety outcomes in LMICs. This systematic review will fill a gap in the evidence base with policy implications that will be useful for a wide audience and may improve vision of the drivers in LMICs, leading to better traffic safety outcomes.
Role of Retinoblastoma Protein Family (Rb/P105 And Rb2/P130) Expression in the Hystopathological Classification of Borderline Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Masciullo Valeria , Valdivieso Paola , Amadio Giulia , Santoro Angela , Angelico Giuseppe , Sgambato Alessandro , Boffo Silvia , Giordano Antonio , Scambia Giovanni , Zannoni Gian Franco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are uncommon but not rare epithelial ovarian neoplasms, intermediate between benign and malignant categories. Emerging knowledge supports the notion that subtypes of borderline ovarian tumors comprise distinct biologic, pathogenetic, and molecular entities, precluding a single unifying concept for BOT. Therefore, the identification of valuable markers for the diagnosis and classification of these tumors is in need. Among the molecular candidates, the Retinoblastoma (Rb) family members Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 seem to play a pivotal role in ovarian cancer. In particular, Rb/p105, when in the unphosphorylated form, acts as a growth suppressor and plays a pivotal role in the negative control of the cell cycle and in tumor progression; whereas, the phosphorylated form (p-pRB) activates genic transcription and cellular proliferation. While Rb/p105 is ubiquitously confined to the nuclei of cycling and quiescent cells, Rb2/p130 activity is also regulated by intracellular localization. According to this premise, Rb family members could represent a novel marker in diagnosis and classification risk for patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOT).
Aims

In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression and subcellular localization of proteins of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene family: Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 in 65 ovarian borderline tumors (26 serous, 19 sero-mucinous and 20 mucinous subtypes).
Results

Statistically significant differences were found in nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 according to different examined histotypes. In detail, the nuclear expression of Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 was more frequently detected in serous (84.6%) than sero-mucinous (42.1%) and mucinous (50%) types. Conversely, the cytoplasmic expression of Rb2/p130 was not detected in serous tumors and frequently observed in mucinous subtypes (80%).
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Rb proteins do not play a key role in the tumor progression of serous borderline tumors since they are always located in the nucleus and no cases showed a cytoplasmic localization. By contrast, the observed higher cytoplasmic expression of Rb2/p130 in mucinous BOTs (intestinal) types, is suggestive of Rb proteins involvement in the cancerogenesis pathway of mucinous ovarian tumors. Our results also suggest that mucinous BOTs of intestinal type, exhibiting low nuclear and high cytoplasmic levels of Rb2/p130 might potentially be considered a high risk category of malignant evolution. Further studies on larger series are needed in order to clarify how BOTs could be stratified in different prognostic groups according to their Rb proteins immunohistochemical profile.
Changes of CSF IL-10 levels display better performance in predicting disease relapse than conventional MRI in PCNSL
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zou Dongmei , Yin Jingjing , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiao , Wang Wei , Zhang Meifen , Zhou Daobin , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Establishing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a challenge. This study evaluated the value of dynamic interleukin (IL)-10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations for prognosis and relapse prediction in PCNSL. Methods: Consecutive 40 patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL between April 2015 and April 2019 were recruited, and serial CSF specimens were collected by lumbar punctures (LP) or by Ommaya reservoir at diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up phase.Results: We confirmed that an elevated IL-10 cutoff value of 8.2 pg/mL for the diagnosis value of PCNSL showed a sensitivity of 85%. A persistent detectable CSF IL-10 level at the end of treatment was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (836 vs. 481 days, p = 0.049). Within a median follow-up of 13.6 (2–55) months, 24 patients relapsed. IL-10 relapse was defined as a positive conversion in patients with undetectable IL-10 or an increased concentration compared to the last test in patients with sustained IL-10. IL-10 relapse was detected a median of 67 days (28–402 days) earlier than disease relapse in 10/16 patients. Conclusion: This study highlights a new perspective that CSF IL-10 relapse could be a surrogate marker for disease relapse and detected earlier than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Further evaluation of IL-10 monitoring in PCNSL follow-up is warranted.
Digitized smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India ― a detailed account of operationalization in post-digitization years
Authors: Ghosh Susanta Kumar , Baliga B. Shantharam , Baliga Shrikala , Jain Animesh , Kulal Naveen , Kumar Manu , Koduvattat Naren , Kumar B. G. Prakash , Kumar Arun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background An indigenously developed digital handheld Android-based geographical information system (GIS)-tagged tablets (TABs) device has been deployed in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India for smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme from October 2014. Here a detailed account is enumerated in the post-digitization years. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the digitized surveillance system under the ongoing health system in Mangaluru city. Methods A software developed for digitization of malaria surveillance was continued in the post-digitization years (PDY). The same digitization year (DY) protocol was followed in the post-digitization periods also. Secondary data from the malaria control software, total nunber of cases, active surveillance, malaria indices, and feedback from stakeholders were looked at and analyzed. Results Digital surveillance was sustained and the performance improved in the 5 th year with participation of all stakeholders. Malaria indices significantly reduced to about 65% in the digitization years compared with digitization year ( p <0.001). Slide positivity rate (SPR) decreased from 10.36 (DY) to 4.3 (PDY4). Annual parasite incidence (API) decreased from 16.17 (DY) to 5.4 (PDY4). There was a tempo-spatial correlation between closure of cases on 14 th day and incidence of malaria. There was a negative correlation between contact smears and incidence of malaria ( r = - 0.907). Good impact was recorded in the pre-monsoon months (~85%) and low impact in July and August months (~40%).Conclusion Software helped to improve incidence-centric active surveillance, complete treatment with documentation of elimination of parasite, targeted vector control measures. The learnings and analytical output from the data helped to modify strategies for local control of both disease and the vector.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Patient Fecal Samples by Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Papoutsis Andreas , Borody Thomas , Dolai Siba , Daniels Jordan , Steinberg Skylar , Barrows Brad , Hazan Sabine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has been detected not only in respiratory secretions, but also in stool collections. Here were sought to identify SARS-CoV-2 by enrichment NGS from fecal samples, and to utilize whole genome analysis to characterize SARS-CoV-2 mutational variations in COVID-19 patients. Results Study participants underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 from fecal samples by whole genome enrichment NGS (n = 14), and RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab analysis (n = 12). The concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection by enrichment NGS from stools with RT-PCR nasopharyngeal analysis was 100%. Unique variants were identified in four patients, with a total of 33 different mutations among those in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected by whole genome enrichment NGS. Conclusion These results highlight the potential viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces, its ongoing mutational accumulation, and its possible role in fecal-oral transmission. This study also elucidates the advantages of SARS-CoV-2 enrichment NGS, which may be a key methodology to document complete viral eradication.
Juventudes Rurais: projetos de emancipação social
Authors: Marin Joel Orlando Bevilaqua 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo analisa diferenciados projetos de jovens rurais para a construção de seus processos de emancipação social. O estudo de caso foi realizado em municípios do Território da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, com produção de dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Os jovens rurais vivenciam distintas problemáticas e constroem diferenciados projetos de emancipação social, que passam pela vinculação nas instituições escolares, incorporação no trabalho assalariado e reprodução social na agricultura familiar. A precariedade material e a desvalorização das condições de vida e trabalho na agricultura limitam a permanência de jovens no meio rural e a construção social de sucessores na agricultura familiar.
Palavras-chave: Juventude rural, migrações rurais, desenvolvimento regional, desenvolvimento territorial.
Criação, formatação, gestão e promoção de bens e experiências turístico-culturais
Authors: Fontan Kohler Andre 
Published: July 2020

Nas últimas décadas, tem havido um crescimento expressivo do número de atrações turístico-culturais, dentre as quais atrações principais, centros de interpretação patrimonial e trilhas e roteiros patrimoniais. Objetiva-se apresentar, discutir e exemplificar diversas maneiras de criar, formatar, gerir e promover atrações turístico-culturais, isoladamente ou em conjunto, de modo a tornar a oferta turístico-cultural de uma cidade, região ou país mais atrativa para determinados públicos-alvo. O presente artigo aborda o seguinte: a) a criação de uma nova e original atração turístico-cultural; b) o pacote de atrações e outros elementos turísticos e de lazer; c) o desenvolvimento de trilhas e roteiros patrimoniais; d) eventos – destinos turísticos; e) centro de interpretação patrimonial; e f) eventos – atração turístico-cultural. Enquanto no exterior há o fenômeno do encerramento de atrações turístico-culturais, em virtude de um crescimento acelerado superior ao da demanda, tem ocorrido no Brasil, por parte do poder público e da iniciativa privada, um desinteresse em abrir centros de interpretação patrimonial e desenvolver trilhas e roteiros patrimoniais, dentre outras atrações, mesmo em nossas principais cidades patrimoniais. A “importação” de novos modelos e tipos de atrações turístico-culturais seria algo inovador para o mercado de turismo cultural no Brasil, mesmo que alguns desses já estejam sendo implantados no exterior, desde pelo menos os anos 1980.
Palavras-chave: Model Culture. Reprodução Autêntica. Trilhas e Roteiros Patrimoniais. Evento. Centro de Interpretação Patrimonial.