bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the Kepingtage thrust fault based on paleoearthquake ruptures, southwestern Tianshan, China
Authors: Li An , Ran Yongkang , Gomez Francisco , Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Liu Huaguo , Xu Liangxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecreasing deformation rates across the southern Tianshan have led to different seismogenic mechanisms and different proposed models to explain the orogen-scale fault kinematics. In this study, we focus on the segmentation of the Kepingtage fault by studying variations in the total offset and shortening rates of the Kepingtage fault along the southern front of the Tianshan. We used fault scarp mapping and trench excavations to assess fault segmentation and deformation on the Kepingtage fault. Our results indicate there are different shortening rates on the western (2.5–2.7 mm/year) versus the eastern segments (~ 0.3 mm/year), which are separated by the Piqiang tear fault. The decrease in shortening rates is not gradual; instead, it decreases sharply from west to east at the Piqiang fault. These segmentation boundaries are also supported by geodetic data and balanced structural restorations. Our data support a model where strike-slip faults accommodate step-changes in the deformation rates and the earthquake risks from west to east across the Tianshan.
Arresting Masculinity: Anger, Hybridity and the Reproduction of Phallic Space
Authors: Nobus Dany 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the signifier of ‘toxic masculinity’ operates in the contemporary psycho-social landscape of embodied power relations. It is argued that toxic masculinity is a symbolic response to the deep sense of anger people experience owing to the persistent disturbance of reason that characterizes the radically incongruous Thirdspace in which we live. To those who feel disoriented and lost, toxic masculinity is both an imagined cause and a projected solution to the endemic sense of dislocation. As an index of repressive power, self-serving discipline and ruthless ambition, toxic masculinity is held fully responsible by angry ‘outsiders’ for the ongoing disturbance of reason, whilst the very attribution of the cause of this disturbance to a gendered position of traditional embodied authority simultaneously serves the purpose of changing the hybridity of Thirdspace into more conventional figurations of social imbalance. This explanatory model, which draws both on Edward W. Soja’s reflections on the changing spatialities of the human lifeworld and Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the (re-)production of (phallic) space, is further employed to address the questions as to why patriarchy persists and whether alternative constellations of governance are feasible.
Flawed risk assessment of antifouling paints leads to exceedance of guideline values in Baltic Sea marinas
Authors: Lagerström Maria , Ferreira João , Ytreberg Erik , Eriksson-Wiklund Ann-Kristin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe seasonal variations of dissolved and bioavailable copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were studied in two recreational marinas in Sweden and Finland. The time series from the two marinas were characterized by rising concentrations during the spring boat launching, elevated concentrations all through the peak boating season, and decreasing concentrations in autumn when boats were retrieved for winter storage. This pattern shows a clear link between Cu and Zn concentrations and boating activity, with antifouling paints as the principal source. The leaching from antifouling paints was also found to significantly alter the speciation of dissolved Cu and Zn in marina waters, with an increase of the proportion of metals that may be considered bioavailable. This change in speciation, which occurred without any change in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), further increases the environmental risk posed by antifouling paints. In the Swedish marina, dissolved Cu and Zn exceed both Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC), indicating that the current Swedish risk assessment (RA) of antifouling paints is failing to adequately protect the marine environment. An evaluation of the RA performance showed the underlying cause to be an underestimation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by factors of 2 and 5 for Cu and Zn, respectively. For both metals, the use of inaccurate release rates for the PEC derivation was found to be either mainly (Cu) or partly (Zn) responsible for the underestimation. For Zn, the largest source of error seems to be the use of an inappropriate partitioning coefficient (KD) in the model. To ensure that the use of antifouling coatings does not adversely impact the sensitive Baltic Sea, it is thus recommended that the KD value for Zn is revised and that representative release rates are used in the RA procedure.
Improved image quality of temporal bone CT with an ultrahigh-resolution CT scanner: clinical pilot studies
Authors: Ohara Arisa , Machida Haruhiko , Shiga Hisae , Yamamura Wataru , Yokoyama Kenichi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Ultrahigh-resolution CT (UHRCT) with slice collimation of 0.25 mm × 160 and matrix size of 1024 × 1024 has become clinically available. We compared the image quality of temporal bone CT (TBCT) between UHRCT and conventional multidetector CT (MDCT).

Materials and methods
We retrospectively enrolled 20 patients who underwent TBCT by MDCT (matrix size, 512 × 512) and subsequently by UHRCT (matrix size, 1024 × 1024). Two independent reviewers subjectively graded delineation of normal stapes, oval window, facial nerve canal, incudostapedial joint, and tympanic tegmen. We also quantified image noise in the cerebellar hemisphere. Between MDCT and UHRCT, we compared mean subjective grades using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the image noise using paired t test.

Results
Grades were significantly higher with UHRCT than with MDCT for all the anatomies (P < 0.001), whereas noise was significantly higher with UHRCT than with MDCT (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
For TBCT, UHRCT shows better delineation of the fine anatomical structures compared with MDCT.
Meditation Maps, Attainment Claims, and the Adversities of Mindfulness
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA case study of the descriptions of the progress of Buddhist insight meditation provided by Daniel Ingram shows how a forceful form of mindfulness combined with high-speed mental noting can result in the construction of meditative experiences to accord with expectations created by maps of the progress of insight, culminating in claims to having reached levels of awakening. The potential impact of personal bias evident in this way reveals challenges faced by those researching meditative practices and cautions against overvaluing subjective reports by yogis. In particular, potentially adverse effects of mindfulness practices in the health care setting need to be placed into proper perspective, as the contention that even those who do not engage in deep and intensive insight meditation can suffer from repercussions potentially resulting from undergoing the insight knowledges is not accurate. Progress in research on mindfulness requires the sobriety of evaluating meditative experiences within their context, be it psychological, doctrinal, cultural, or social, in order to arrive at balanced assessments that avoid the two extremes of uncritical enthusiasm and exaggerated apprehensions.
Glycol mud improves drilling performance in Chinese fields
Authors: Gao Chang Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing demand for oil and gas has driven drilling activities to deep formations and complex well structures. Drilling fluid must be able to maintain wellbore integrity and thermal stability over extended drilling time. Besides, drilling fluid should produce high rate of penetration (ROP) and low damage to formation rock. Glycol mud satisfies these criteria thanks to its unique cloud point phenomenon. When temperature exceeds cloud point temperature, glycol starts precipitate from mud by forming micelles, coats the rock surface, and plugs the small fractures in rocks. As a result, the flow of mud into rocks is restricted and wellbore stability is improved. This paper surveys more than 40 wells that were drilled with glycol mud. Field cases reported good wellbore integrity, thermal stability, high ROP, and low formation damage. Glycol mud is an excellent choice for battling well instability and high temperatures.
Review of error correction for PUFs and evaluation on state-of-the-art FPGAs
Authors: Hiller Matthias , Kürzinger Ludwig , Sigl Georg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficient error correction and key derivation is a prerequisite to generate secure and reliable keys from PUFs. The most common methods can be divided into linear schemes and pointer-based schemes. This work compares the performance of several previous designs on an algorithmic level concerning the required number of PUF response bits, helper data bits, number of clock cycles, and FPGA slices for two scenarios. One targets the widely used key error probability of $$10^{-6}$$

10

-
6

, while the other one requires a key error probability of $$10^{-9}$$

10

-
9

. In addition, we provide a wide span of new implementation results on state-of-the-art Xilinx FPGAs and set them in context to old synthesis results on legacy FPGAs.
Live Births and Fertility Amid the Zika Epidemic in Brazil
Authors: Marteleto Letícia J. , Guedes Gilvan , Coutinho Raquel Z. , Weitzman Abigail 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In late 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization classified the increase in congenital malformations associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV) as a public health emergency. The risk of ZIKV-related congenital syndrome poses a threat to reproductive outcomes that could result in declining numbers of live births and potentially fertility. Using monthly microdata on live births from the Brazilian Information System on Live Births (SINASC), this study examines live births and fertility trends amid the ZIKV epidemic in Brazil. Findings suggest a decline in live births that is stratified across educational and geographic lines, beginning approximately nine months after the link between ZIKV and microcephaly was publicly announced. Although declines in total fertility rates were small, fertility trends estimated by age and maternal education suggest important differences in how Zika might have impacted Brazil’s fertility structure. Further findings confirm the significant declines in live births in mid-2016 even when characteristics of the municipality are controlled for; these results highlight important nuances in the timing and magnitude of the decline. Combined, our findings illustrate the value of understanding how the risk of a health threat directed at fetuses has led to declines in live births and fertility.
Microstructures and high-temperature self-lubricating wear-resistance mechanisms of graphene-modified WC-12Co coatings
Authors: Tian Haoliang , Wang Changliang , Guo Mengqiu , Cui Yongjing , Gao Junguo , Tang Zhihui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo reduce the friction coefficient of cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-12Co) wear-resistant coatings, graphene was compounded into WC-12Co powder via wet ball milling and spray granulation. Self-lubricating and wear-resistant graphene coatings were prepared via detonation gun spraying. The presence, morphologies, and phase compositions of graphene in the powders and coatings that are obtained through different powder preparation processes were analyzed. The analysis was performed using the following technologies: energy-dispersive X-ray-spectroscopy (EDXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the coatings were studied using a microhardness tester and a universal drawing machine. The friction and wear properties of the coatings were studied using an SRV-4 friction and wear tester. The results showed that the graphene content in the WC-12Co coating modified with graphene was higher than that without modification; graphene was embedded in the structure in a transparent and thin-layer state. The adhesive strength of this coating at approximately 25 °C was approximately 60.33 MPa, and the hardness was approximately 984 HV0.3. After high-temperature treatment, the adhesive strength and hardness of the graphene oxide (GO)/WC-12Co coating decreased slightly (the lowest adhesive strength of 53.16 MPa was observed after treatment at 400 °C, and the lowest hardness of approximately 837 HV0.3 was observed after treatment at 300 °C). Compared to the friction coefficient (0.6) of the WC-12Co coating obtained at room temperature, the friction coefficient of the GO/WC-12Co coating was decreased by approximately 50% of that value. The graphene-modified coating was continuously exposed to the wear tracks on the surface of the contacting materials during friction, and a lubricating film was formed in the microareas in which the wear tracks were present. The coating exhibited improved self-lubricating and wear-resistant effects compared to the unmodified WC-12Co coating. The results of this study demonstrated that graphene could be effective in self-lubrication and wear-reduction in a temperature range of 100–200 °C, as a friction coefficient of 0.3 was maintained.
Arcing-based protection system for the klystron output window of the BEPCII Linac
Authors: He Xiang , Le Qi , Qian Lei , Deng Bing-Lin , Zhang Jing-Ru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II (BEPCII) Linac is powered by 20 klystrons, and the output windows of each klystron need to be protected from being broken, which are currently protected by a system based on reflected radiofrequency (RF) power and vacuum levels. The primary weak point of reflection-based protection is the difficulty of accurately measuring the value caused by an uneven waveform. Moreover, vacuum protection is restricted by the long response time, which results in delayed protection. Both of the weak points may damage the output window of the klystron. An arcing-based protection system is then introduced into the BEPCII Linac, considering the constant presence of light during arcing and the experiences of other laboratories and colleagues in the RF group.

Methods
The system development mainly consists of the design and test of the E-bend waveguide observation window, selection of the arcing detection module, offline joint test, system assembling and online operation.

Results
The system was assembled with a new klystron at the K6 position on the summer of 2018. During the following annual operation year, the light signal was captured, and the interlock was successfully realized.

Conclusion
The arcing-based protection system assembled online was found to work well. Moreover, the light signal was successfully captured, and the interlock function worked fine. The system is planned to be applied in other klystron locations in the future.
Clay Minerals as the Key to the Sequestration of Carbon in Soils
Authors: Churchman Gordon Jock , Singh Mandeep , Schapel Amanda , Sarkar Binoy , Bolan Nanthi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResults from earlier laboratory and field experiments were interrogated for the possibilities of sequestration, or long-term accumulation, of carbon from excess greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In the laboratory study, samples of three (top) soils dominated by kaolinite and illite (together), smectite, and allophane were examined for the adsorption and desorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Adsorption and desorption of DOC were carried out on clay fractions extracted physically and after first native organic matter and then iron oxides were removed chemically. Labeled organic material was added to the soils to assess the priming effect of organic carbon (OC). In the field, changes in OC were measured in sandy soils that had been amended by additions of clay for between 3 and 17 years, both through incorporation of exogenous clay and delving of in situ clay. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that a portion of DOC was held strongly in all soils. The amount of DOC adsorbed depended on clay mineral types, including Fe oxides. Much adsorbed DOC was lost by desorption in water and a substantial amount of native OC was lost on priming with new OC. Addition of clay to soils led to increased OC. Therefore, addition of clay to soil may enhance net sequestration of C. Organic carbon close to mineral surfaces or within microaggregates is held most strongly. Carbon sequestration may occur in subsoils with unsaturated mineral surfaces. However, incorporation of carbon into macroaggregates from enhanced plant growth might be most effective in removing excess carbon from the atmosphere, albeit over the short-term.
Longitudinal pathway from violence exposure to firearm carriage among adolescents: The role of future expectation
Authors: Lee Daniel B. , Hsieh Hsing‐Fang , Stoddard Sarah A. , Heinze Justin E. , Carter Patrick M. , Goldstick Jason E. , Cunningham Mary C. , Cunningham Rebecca M. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionExposure to violence is a risk factor for firearm carriage. Youth exposed to violence also have difficulty envisioning positive future outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes), which can increase the likelihood of firearm carriage over time. Researchers, however, have not yet examined whether changes in exposure to violence over time can influence the developmental trajectories of firearm carriage. To address this gap, we (1) examined the longitudinal association between exposure to violence and firearm carriage (grades 9 to 12) and then (2) examined whether changes in future expectations mediated this longitudinal association.MethodThe longitudinal association between exposure to violence and firearm carriage through future expectations was examined among 850 adolescents from the Flint Adolescent Study. Participants were recruited from four high schools in a midwestern city in the United States. Parallel latent growth models and latent growth mediation models were estimated.ResultsA positive association was observed between the rate of change in exposure to violence and firearm carriage. Exposure to violence also indirectly increased the risk for firearm carriage over time by decreasing future expectation in the 9th grade.ConclusionsOur results support the idea that helping youth develop positive attitude about educational success may help reduce firearm carriage. Increasing positive expectations about future may help prevent firearm carriage within the context of violence exposure.
Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunctions, and ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Soldati Lorenzo , Bianchi-Demicheli Francesco , Schockaert Pauline , Köhl John , Bolmont Mylène , Hasler Roland , Perroud Nader 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The scientific literature on sexuality among mentally ill patients clearly shows a higher prevalence of sexual disorders for many mental disorders, but little is known about sexuality in individuals suffering from ADHD. Clinicians will often assume that specific difficulties of ADHD are bound to affect sexual functioning.

Aim
The aim of this study was to provide a review of the literature to gain better knowledge about sexuality in subjects with ADHD and to discuss screening and management of their potential sexual problems.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed in Pubmed, PsychInfo, and Embase databases.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures were sexual function and sexual dysfunctions.

Results
The studies indicated that subjects with ADHD report more sexual desire, more masturbation frequency, less sexual satisfaction, and more sexual dysfunctions than the general population.

Clinical Implications
Clinicians working with subjects with ADHD should explore the quality of their sexual life.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first systematic review of the sexuality of individuals with ADHD. However, the results are limited by the small number of studies, by the small sample size of many studies, and the potential for bias.

Conclusions
ADHD is a mental disorder affecting sexual health. Further studies are warranted to learn more about sexuality in subjects with ADHD.
Mechanisms driving the asymmetric seasonal cycle of Antarctic Sea Ice in the CESM Large Ensemble
Authors: Eayrs Clare , Faller Daiane , Holland David M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe yearly paired process of slow growth and rapid melt of some 15 million square kilometers of Antarctic sea ice takes place with a regular asymmetry; the process has been linked to the relationship of the position of the ice edge with the band of low pressure that circles the continent between 60° and 70°S. In autumn, winds to the north of the low-pressure band slow the advancing ice edge. In summer, Ekman divergence created by opposing winds on either side of the low-pressure band opens up warm water regions that rapidly melt sea ice. We use the 40 ensemble members from the CESM-LENS historical run (1920–2005) to examine the relationship between the asymmetry in the annual cycle and the position and intensity of the low-pressure band. CESM-LENS reproduces the magnitude of the annual cycle of Antarctic sea ice extent with a short lag (2 weeks). Melt rate is the characteristic of the annual cycle that varies the most. Our results provide evidence that lower pressure leads to increased melt rates, which supports the importance of the role of divergence in increasing the melt rate of Antarctic sea ice. The role of winds during the growing season remains unquantified.
Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on the Performance of Emergency Pediatric Procedures by Prehospital Providers
Authors: Kou Maybelle , Donoghue Aaron J. , Stacks Helen , Kochman Adam , Semião Meghan , Nash Mark , Siegel David , Ku Lawrence , Debski Julie , Chen Jia-Yuh , Sharma Gaurav , Gosnell Leigh , Krug Steven , Adler Mark D. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn by prehospital providers (PHPs) for protection from hazardous exposures. Evidence regarding the ability of PHPs to perform resuscitation procedures has been described in adult but not pediatric models. This study examined the effects of PPE on the ability of PHPs to perform resuscitation procedures on pediatric patients.Methods:This prospective study was conducted at a US simulation center. Paramedics wore normal attire at the baseline session and donned full Level B PPE for the second session. During each session, they performed timed sets of psychomotor tasks simulating clinical care of a critically ill pediatric patient. The difference in time to completion between baseline and PPE sessions per task was examined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.Results:A total of 50 paramedics completed both sessions. Median times for task completion at the PPE sessions increased significantly from baseline for several procedures: tracheal intubation (+4.5 s; P = 0.01), automated external defibrillator (AED) placement (+9.5 s; P = 0.01), intraosseous line insertion (+7 s; P < 0.0001), tourniquet (+8.5 s; P < 0.0001), intramuscular injection (+21-23 s, P < 0.0001), and pulse oximetry (+4 s; P < 0.0001). There was no significant increase in completion time for bag-mask ventilation or autoinjector use.Conclusions:PPE did not have a significant impact on PHPs performing critical tasks while caring for a pediatric patient with a highly infectious or chemical exposure. This information may guide PHPs faced with the situation of resuscitating children while wearing Level B PPE.