bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF SUGARS IN SURFACE MICROBE-HOST INTERACTIONS IN GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS INVASION
Authors: O PAI MANJU , S VENKATESH , GUPTA PRATIMA , CHAKRABORTI ANURADHA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Metabolic sources for food play a very important role in developing a niche for a microbe to invade and cause infection in the host. The influence of various sugars on invasion of Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B streptococcus (GBS) into HeLa and A549 cells in vitro were evaluated.
Methods: The cell lines and the bacteria were pretreated separately with different sugars before invasion. These observations were also corroborated with light microscopy.
Results: Our results showed that the maximum GBS invasion observed at 2h, decreased significantly (p<0.05) when the cells were pretreated with N-acetyl galactosamine (GlcNAc), D-xylose, sucrose, lactose, D-mannose, and D-glucose. In contrast, mannitol was seen to support the invasion of GBS. In addition, when a combined effect of GlcNAc and xylose was studied, 87.5%–91% inhibition to GBS invasion was observed in HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively. A sizeable reduction in invasion was observed when the bacteria were pretreated with 10 mM of D-Glucose (79.32%), GlcNAc (69.66%), and mannose (48.28%). In conclusion, GlcNAc, D-xylose, and D-glucose proved to be excellent inhibitors to GBS invasion. Furthermore, bacterial pretreatment results might indicate that these sugar specific receptors might be present on the epithelial cells which possibly gets blocked and thus inhibits the entry of GBS.
Conclusion: These findings are the first to suggest the role of these sugars as a way to alternative therapies to GBS infection by altering the host-pathogen environment during invasion.
PLANTS IN FAMILY LAMIACEAE USED MEDICINALLY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM FOUND IN THE NILGIRIS DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: MUGENDHIRAN S  , J SHASHIKANTH , M MURALI , ARYA RENU , S RAJAN , KHURANA ANIL 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to survey and document homeopathic medicinal plants in Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: To collect homeopathic plants of Lamiaceae in the Nilgiris District, we undertook various field trips during the year 2018–2019. The plants collected were pressed, poisoned, mounted, and stitched on herbarium sheets and deposited at the Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy herbarium (Acronym SMPRGH).
Results: The present study deals with both wild and cultivated species of 15 genera belonging to 24 species of Lamiaceae family members reported in the Nilgiris District. Reported homeopathy plants such as Aloysia citriodora Palau, Lavandula officinalis Chaix., Leonurus cardiaca L., Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link., Mentha piperita L., Mentha spicata L., Melissa officinalis L., Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Plectranthus fruticosus L’Her., Prunella vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia verbenaca L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Thymus serpyllum L., the present article gives the scientific name, synonym, homeopathic drug name, original author citation, English name, phenology, short description, and part of plant used for preparing homoeopathic medicine, whether indigenous or exotic and uses are given.
Conclusion: Reported 24 homoeopathic medicinal plants are used in homoeopathic medicinal system to treat various diseases, and also present study reveals the importance of conservation and sustainable utilization.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF SIDA GLUTINOSA
Authors: GUDURU RAJESWARI  , LATHA D SWARNA , SEKHAR KB CHANDRA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study is to screen for the phytochemical constituents which are of pharmacological importance present in the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Sida glutinosa (SG).
Methods: The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant of SG is subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of major phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, Iron (III) to Iron (II) reducing activity, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Further, the ethanolic extract was subjected to fingerprinting technique high-pressure thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed to estimate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantitatively in isocratic mode.
Results: Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of pharmacologically important constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids. The study also revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the extract with IC50 value. The extract fingerprinting through HPTLC revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Rp-HPLC showed 0.35±0.12 μg/ml of total phenolics, 0.0013±0.05μg/ml of alkaloids, and 0.00081±0.08 μg/ml of flavonoids.
Conclusion: Scientific evaluation of SG which has therapeutic significance was carried out which is an important concept for the standardization of the plant-based drug. Further, there is a need for isolation and characterization of the lead molecules their systemic evaluation for its pharmacological activities.
WATER EXTRACTS FROM THE COMBINATION OF COCCINIA GRANDIS (L.) VOIGT LEAVES AND AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. FRUITS WITH ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: PUTRA I MADE WISNU ADHI , ATE OLYN TIEN , KUSUMAWATI I GUSTI AYU WITA , NURSINI NI WAYAN 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The combination of two or more plants in a product can improve the nature of the activity of the compounds contained and reduce toxicity. This study was aimed to make water extracts from the combination of Coccinia grandis (L.) CG Voigt and Averrhoa bilimbi L. (AB) with antidiabetic properties.
Methods: The water extracts were made by decocting the combination of powdered CG Voigt leaves and AB fruits at various mass ratios (1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 0:1) and various amounts of powdered samples (1–5 g). The process was done in 100 ml of boiling water for 5 min.
Results: The results showed that the highest total flavonoid content and total phenolic content of 135.1±0.18 mg quercetin equivalent micrograms d.m. and 48.5±3.09 mg gallic acid equivalent/g d.m., respectively, were found in the sample with a combination ratio of 1:3 (1 g). The antioxidant activity test using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method showed that the sample with a combination ratio of 3:1 had the lowest value of IC50 (4.447±0.446 mg/ml), which indicated the strongest radical scavenging activity, while the highest inhibition of α-amylase activity in the sample with a combination ratio of 1:1 amounted to 1.086±0.264 mg/ml.
Conclusion: In general, all combinations of CG Voigt leaves and AB fruits had the potential as antidiabetic health beverages.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN SUI WU’U FROM BAJAWA DISTRICT, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, INDONESIA
Authors: AYEN ROSALINA YULIANA , KUSDIYANTINI ENDANG , PUJIYANTO SRI 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This research aimed to isolate, determine the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of Sui Wu’u from Bajawa, Nusa Tenggara Timur and identify LAB using 16S rRNA potential as antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria.
Methods: Sui Wu’u which has been stored for 6 months was obtained from Bajawa district, inoculated on de Man Rogosa-Sharpe Agar (Merck) + 0.5% CaCO3, purification of LAB, characterization of selected isolates, biochemical test, tolerance test for pH, viability to test temperature, and content NaCl, determination of antimicrobial action by the agar well disk diffusion method using antibiotic (Amoxicillin) as a control and as indicator bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and isolation of genomic 16S rRNA; molecular identification.
Results: Based on research results obtained five isolates of LAB, Gram staining the LAB isolated from Sui Wu’u showed that the isolated bacteria (bacilli and coccus) are Gram-positive, catalase-negative and the isolates have tolerance of viability at temperatures of 10°C, 45°C, and 50°C and to salinitas of 4% and 6.5%. The inhibitory zone LAB isolates (2PKT) against E. coli bacteria (20 mm) and S. aureus (12 mm), and (2PKB) against E. coli bacteria (17 mm) and S. aureus (10 mm). The two selected isolates were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum strain HB bacteria with 100% identification value and 98.93% query cover and L. fermentum strain HT with 100% identification value and 99.23% query cover.
Conclusion: L. fermentum from Sui Wu’u has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
POST-GLENOID FORAMEN: A RARE EMISSARY FORAMEN IN HUMAN SKULL
Authors: G PRIYA , R YASODAI 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of post-glenoid foramen in human skulls.
Methods: The study was carried out in 100 adult dry human skulls with 200 temporal bones on each side (right and left) which were collected from the Department of Anatomy at RVS Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore. The selected skulls were placed on a flat table and the considerable foramen was visually identified by two investigators. The foramen was examined by a probing method to find out its patency.
Results: Of 100 skulls (200 temporal bones), only one skull showed a unilateral post-glenoid foramen on the mandibular fossa of the left side temporal bone (2% of 200).
Conclusion: The emissary veins are considered as an important encephalic venous drainage that connects the intracranial and extracranial venous pathway through emissary foramen. If there is little variation, and rare occurrence of the emissary foramen may cause serious pathological condition. Thereby, the present study highlights one of the rare emissary foramen, the post-glenoid foramen. This anatomical study of post-glenoid foramen may help the surgeons while operating temporomandibular joint and inner ear malformation to avoid the risk of accidental bleeding during surgery.
TANNIN CONTENT OF ARECA NUT AFTER NANOCHITOSAN COATING ON DRYING METHODS
Authors: PUTRI FEVI MAWADHAH , PRIHASTANTI ERMA , DWI HASTUTI ENDAH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effect of nanochitosan (NC) coating in different drying methods on the tannin content of areca nut.
Methods: Areca nut was obtained from the seed of Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Chitosan was isolated from shrimp shell waste through deproteination, demineralization, depigmentation, and deacetylation. NC was made using the ionic gelation method. The treatment used three levels of concentrations; K0 (uncoated-control), K1 (NC 1.5 g/l), and K2 (NC 3 g/l), and it employed two drying methods, namely, P1 (sun drying) and P2 (oven drying). Tannin content measured by spectrophotometry method. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance univariate two factors and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Results: The result showed that the NC-coated areca nut has a higher tannin content compared with the uncoated areca nut. The level of NC concentration had a significantly different effect (p 0.02 < 0.05), whereas the drying method gave no significant effect (p 0.81 > 0.05) and there was no interaction between NC concentration and drying method (p 0.89 > 0.05 ). The tannin content in areca nut in K0 (control) treatment was 17.44%, K1 (NC 1.5 g / l) was 18.11%, and K2 (NC 3 g / l) was 18.83%.
Conclusion: Application of NC as a coating on areca nut can prevent the loss of tannin throughout the drying process. Dried areca nut with K2 treatment (NC 3 g/l) has the highest tannin content as it reaches18.83%.
SOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS AS ANTIDIABETIC MOLECULES FROM CRESSA CRETICA
Authors: SANGEETA RANI  , GAHLOT KAVITA , KUMAR ARVIND 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the diabetic effect of phytocompounds isolated from Cressa cretica Linn. using spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking studies.
Methods: Coarse powder of the whole plant of C. cretica was extracted with methanol, extracted part was subjected to silica column isolation, and two compounds: 2-Isopropyl-4-(1-methyl-dodeca-2,4-dienyloxy)-benzene-1,3,5-triol (Compound CN-01) and 11-Methyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl ester (Compound CN-02) were isolated in pure form. The three-dimensional structure of target protein was downloaded from PDB (www.rcsb.org) Protein Data Bank, Ligand file CN – 01 and CN – 02 were converted to MDL Molfile (V2000) format using ChemSketch 2017.2.1. These files could not be used directly in AutoDock 4.0 tools; thus, they were first converted to PDB files using an open babel tool.
Results: Compounds were revealed through spectroscopic analysis and screened using AutoDock 4.0 tools. Docking study recommended that CN – 01 and CN – 02 an existing phytochemical from the plant of C. cretica had the highest fitness docking score and hence could be a potent antidiabetic drug.
Conclusion: In this investigation, we docked the receptor (glycogen phosphorylase protein) holds a promising lead target formation against diabetes based on molecular docking analysis (minimum hydrogen bond length and maximum docked score). Thus, these compounds can be effectively used as drugs for treating diabetes which is predicted on the basis of docking scores.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL NANOPARTICLES BY SALTING OUT TECHNIQUE
Authors: PB SAILAJA , JYOTHI B JEEVANA 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: At the current miserable state of the prevalence of cancers, there is a need for the development of simple technologies to prepare formulations of anticancer drugs with less economy and investment. Hence, the aim of the present work is to prepare nanoparticles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by simple technique, such as salting out method.
Methods: Nanoparticles containing 10 mg of 5-FU were prepared by salting out method using Eudragit-100 as polymer. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated by particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release studies, and drug-excipient interaction studies.
Results: Nanoparticles prepared by salting out methods showed higher dissolution rate for formulation F3 and F5 revealed high percentage release of 98.6±0.24 in 60 min and 86.5±0.39% in 120 min. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed no interaction between drug and excipients used for preparation.
Conclusion: 5-FU nanoparticles can be produced successfully by salting out method using drug to polymer (Eudragit S-100) ratio of 1:3 to possess ideal drug release characteristics and average particle size of 205.1 nm.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME LESS UTILIZED EDIBLE FRUITS
Authors: Dasgupta Sumita , Pandya Maitry , Patel Nirali 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of five less utilized fruits such as Aegle marmelos, Spondias pinnata, Limonia acidissima, Averhoa carambola, Crescentia cujete and was compared with Phyllanthus emblica, (Amla) well known for its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were correlated with antioxidant activities like 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Methods: The total phenolic of each fruit extract were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were estimated by Aluminum trichloride colourimetric method. The DPPH antioxidant assay, The FRAP assay and TAC were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The total phenolics were expressed as mg/100g Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/100 gm) and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg/100g Quercetin equivalent (mg QE/100 gm). TPC was found to be maximum in Spondias pinnata with 142.16 mg GAE/100 gm where as TFC was maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 91.1 mgQE/100 gm. DPPH radical scavenging activity was expressed n percentage(%),Â FRAP values expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent (AAE) and the total antioxidant activity was expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent. Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by Spondias pinnata (93.75%), FRAP values were maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 72.6 mg AAE/100 gm and total antioxidant capacity was found to be highest in Spondias pinnata (50.1 mg AAE/100 gm).Conclusion: Spondias pinnata, an underutilized fruit, was found to be promising with antioxidant activities comparable to Phyllanthus emblica.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF IBUPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE AND FORMULATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS CONTAINING THE OPTIMISED BATCH OF SOLID DISPERSION
Authors: KAR ABHIK , AHMED ABDUL BAQUEE 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble drug Ibuprofen using solid dispersion technique and to develop sustained release tablets containing solid dispersion granules of the optimized batch. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, antipyretic, andÂ anti-inflammatory propertiesMethods: Solid dispersions of Ibuprofen were prepared by using PEG 20000 and Poloxamer 407 in different weight ratios by fusion and solvent evaporation method. Drug-carrier physical mixtures were also prepared. Solid dispersions were characterized by saturation solubility, drug content, in vitro dissolution, FTIR and DSC analysis. Solid dispersion formulation, SDF9 (PEG 20000 and Poloxamer 407, 1:3:3) prepared by solvent evaporation method was considered as the optimized batch. Sustained release tablets containing the solid dispersion granules of the optimized batch were prepared by direct compression method using HPMC K100M at three concentrations (10%, 14%, 18% w/w). The prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, in vitro dissolution studies and release kinetics modelling.Results: Solid dispersion formulation, SDF9showed 95.09% drug release in 60 min and considered as the optimized batch. Tablet formulation, FT3 (HPMC K100M 18% w/w) showed 96% drug release for 12 h.Conclusion: Solid dispersions of ibuprofen using a combination of PEG 20000 and poloxamer 407 by solvent evaporation method may result in higher aqueous solubility of the drug. Also sustained release tablets containing solid dispersion granules of ibuprofen, using HPMC K100M may be a promising approach to extend the release rate of the drug from the solid dispersion for 12 h.
ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY ASSAYOF SAGE (LANTANA CAMARA L.)LEAVES BASED ON THE BREATHING PATTERN OF MALE GUINEA PIGS USING ADOBE AUDITION 1.5 PROGRAM
Authors: Yuliastri Wa Ode , Soemardji Andreanus , Ifaya Mus 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to assay antitussive activity of Sage (Lantana camara L.)leavesMethods: Antitussive Assay was conducted based on The Breathing Pattern of Male Guinea Pigs Using Adobe Audition 1.5 Program.Results: Comparison of the frequency of breathing patterns guinea pig groups sage (Lantana camara L.)Â leaves water fraction at a dose of 4.58 mg/kg bw dose of 9.17 mg/kg bw and doses of 18.35 mg/kg bw statistically significantly different results (p<0.05), as well as the ratio of intensity of the breathing pattern of the guinea pig. As for the water extract, significant differences in the frequency comparison guinea pig respiratory pattern is only shown at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw on the other side for its intensity did not show significant differences (p<0.05).Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sage leaves in the form of three fractionation (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water) can improve the breathing pattern guinea pig cough, especially at a dose of 18.35 mg/kg bw.Â
A OBSERVAÇÃO PARTICIPANTE PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES DE CRIANÇAS DESNUTRIDAS MENORES DE DOIS ANOS
Authors: Saldan Paula Chuproski , Mello Débora Falleiros de 
Published: May 2020

Objetivou-se descrever a utilização da observação participante (OP) para análise da alimentação de crianças desnutridas menores de dois anos. Foram analisados na íntegra oito diários de campo (DC) para identificar como a OP auxilia na avaliação das práticas alimentares de crianças dessa faixa etária. Os resultados foram agrupados nos seguintes temas: “A entrada em campo”; “O diário de campo: antes, durante e após as observações”; “A observação das práticas alimentares das crianças”; e “A observação que ultrapassa as práticas alimentares das crianças”. Verificou-se in loco quais os alimentos preparados, oferecidos e consumidos pela criança, quem preparava, horários e locais das refeições, aspectos de higiene, interações mãe-criança, cuidados dispensados às crianças, situação social e redes de suporte das famílias. A OP revelou aspectos para além da alimentação como ato biológico e ampliou o entendimento sobre a situação da criança frente ao problema de saúde.
Palavras-chave: Lactente. Transtornos da nutrição do lactente. Desnutrição. Observação.
ITINERÁRIO TERAPÊUTICO DE UM SUJEITO COM DIABETES MELLITUS: TRILHANDO POSSIBILIDADES NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Coqueiro Jandesson Mendes , Rohr Roseane Vargas , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich , Figueiredo Túlio Alberto Martins de 
Published: May 2020

O diabetes mellitus é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo mundo devido principalmente a complicações e altos índices de morbimortalidade, em especial na idade adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o itinerário terapêutico de um sujeito com diabetes mellitus e a sua experiência com a enfermidade. A abordagem foi qualitativa e o cenário um território de saúde do município de Serra, Espírito Santo. Os instrumentos de produção de material foram entrevista narrativa, observação e diário de campo, tendo sido a entrevista realizada na residência do sujeito. A partir do material transcrito e das anotações do diário de campo, buscou-se dar sentido à construção da narrativa do sujeito, uma mulher com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus estabelecido há dez anos, baixa escolaridade e pertencente à camada social menos favorecida. A partir de sua trajetória de cuidado com a saúde, destacaram-se os limites – fragmentação do cuidado, condição socioeconômica, dentre outros – e possibilidades – apoio familiar, por exemplo –, desse sujeito, bem como a produção de sentido na experiência do adoecimento de longa duração. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que a constituição do itinerário terapêutico ainda é marcada por problemas que dificultam o bom gerenciamento do diabetes mellitus, mas a escuta dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde pode constituir faceta importante para valorização dos diversos sujeitos implicados na produção de saúde e diminuição das fragilidades na produção de cuidado em saúde.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes mellitus. Acesso aos serviços de saúde. Atenção primária à saúde.