bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GASTOS PÚBLICOS MUNICIPAIS BRASILEIROS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Soares Jean Robert , Raupp Fabiano Maury 
Published: June 2020

O artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo que teve por objetivo levantar sistematicamente a produção acadêmica publicada em periódicos sobre gastos públicos municipais, mostrando um panorama a respeito de seus principais enfoques teóricos e metodológicos. A pesquisa é exploratória, com uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, conduzida por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Como resultados, o baixo número relativo de pesquisas com abordagens qualitativas e mistas indica uma possibilidade de estudos futuros que utilizem essas abordagens para compreender melhor os gastos públicos, para além da descrição de seus resultados. Um amplo foco é dado às classificações funcionais de gastos de educação e saúde e uma das palavras direcionadora de uma parte considerável dos estudos é eficiência, principalmente relacionada aos gastos. Outro resultado expressivo é que do número total de publicações, 57, contam com dados secundários e análise de conteúdo como pelo menos uma das técnicas de coleta e análise de dados, respectivamente, o que indica outra oportunidade para pesquisas futuras.
When COVID-19 affects muscle: effects of quarantine in older adults
Authors: Moro Tatiana , Paoli Antonio 
Published: June 2020

At the beginning of 2020 a respiratory diseased named COVID-19 rapidly spread worldwide. Due to the presence of comorbidities and a greater susceptibility to infections, older adults are the population most affected by this pandemic. An efficient pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 is not ready yet; in the meanwhile, a general quarantine has been initiated as a preventive action against the spread of the disease. If on one side this countermeasure is slowing the spread of the virus, on the other side is also reducing the amount of physical activity. Sedentariness is associated with numerous negative health outcomes and increase risk of fall, fractures and disabilities in older adults. Models of physical inactivity have been widely studied in the past decades, and most studies agreed that is necessary to implement physical exercise (such as walking, low load resistance or in bed exercise) during periods of disuse to protect muscle mass and function from catabolic crisis. Moreover, older adults have a blunted response to physical rehabilitation, and a combination of intense resistance training and nutrition are necessary to overcome the loss of in skeletal muscle due to disuse.
Synovial Sarcoma of Anterior Abdominal Wall
Authors: Khaladkar Sanjay Mhalasakant , Waghmode Akshay Mahadev 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary synovial sarcoma arising in the anterior abdominal wall is rare and is a rare extra-articular tumor site. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior abdominal wall masses. It is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor. It commonly occurs in adults in the extremities in close association with joint capsule, tendon sheaths, bursae and fascial structures. Synovial sarcoma is derived from multipotent stem cells, which can differentiate into mesenchyma and epithelial structures. Three subtypes are described histologically -biphasic, monophasic, and poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. We report a case of a 40-year-old male patient presented with swelling over the anterior abdominal wall on the right side in the lower abdomen for 1 month which was rapidly increasing in size. An ultrasound followed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen were performed for knowing the extent of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry was suggestive of monophasic synovial sarcoma.
Smoking Pattern among Rural Indian Cancer Patients: A Prospective Survey
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Singh Anjana , Singh Shivkant , Shahi Heena , Kumar Amit , Kumari Aishwarya , Das Anshuman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Smoking predisposes to cancer. Prevalence and pattern of smoking among rural Indian cancer patients is unknown. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking in cancer patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to estimate the type of smoking and pattern in cancer patients and correlate with clinical and demographic variables through a prospective survey. Materials and Methods: All consecutive individual adult (age >18 years) patients diagnosed with any cancer and registered in the medical oncology outpatient department were enrolled for questionnaire-based survey on smoking between July 2017 and October 2017. Demographic variables were also recorded including income, education, and occupation. Frequency distribution and cross tabulation were used for the statistical analysis using SPSS version 17. Results: Of 517 cancer patients enrolled, 456 (88%) were rural. The prevalence of smoking was 125/517 (0.24, 95% confidence interval – 0.20–0.27). Among them, 67 (54%) were bidi smokers, while 58 (46%) smoked cigarette. Majority had smoking history of more than 20 years (40%), while 20% were recent smokers, <5 years. Hundred out of one hundred twenty-five (80%) patients were male, while 24/25 (96%) women smoked bidi. More than 56% of the bidi smokers were illiterate, while the majority of cigarette smokers (50%) had completed high secondary schooling. The majority of bidi (63%) and cigarette smokers (62%) had monthly income <Rs. 10,000. Almost 98% of bidi smokers and 77% of cigarette smoking population were rural. Farmers and laborers had higher prevalence of smoking, 35/96 (53%) and 28/70 (40%), respectively, while 11% of housewives were bidi smokers. Nearly 40% of head-and-neck cancer and 48% of lung cancer patients had a smoking history, with 65% and 76% being bidi smokers among them, respectively. Conclusion: One in four cancer patients smoke. Most of the smokers are illiterate with low socioeconomic profile and predominantly laborers and farmers. Bidi is the predominant type of smoking.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccensis) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: Oktovina Dorce Inggesi  , Amilda Auri  , Petrus A. Dimara  
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan semai gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) terhadap pemberian pupuk organik melalui penggunaan metode eksperimen rancangan percobaan lengkap (RAL) dengan total 180 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian respon pertumbuhan semai gaharu menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara ketiga perlakuan yang diberikan terhadap pertambahan tinggi semai gaharu dengan nilai F hitung 2,196 lebih besar dari pada signifikannya yaitu 0,192. Rata-rata pertumbuhan diameter tertinggi dimiliki oleh perlakuan kontrol yaitu 0,037 cm sedangkan perlakuan media campuran pupuk kandang dan top soil dan media campuran pupuk kandang, EM4+ dan top soil memiliki nilai rata-rata pertumbuhan yaitu 0,09 dan 0,08 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara tinggi, diameter dan percabangan tanaman pada ketiga perlakuan yang diberikan.
DISINFORMASI DI BIDANG USAHA DALAM PRSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS QUR’ANI
Authors: Hidayah Nuril 
Published: June 2020

Lompatan besar dalam perkembangan teknologi informasi memperluas daya jangkau dan kecepatan aksesnya bagi masyarakat. Dampak suatu informasi kemudian menjadi semakin besar, termasuk informasi bohong di dunia usaha. Selama tahun 2018, ditemukan 73 disinformasi di bidang usaha yang menyebar di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Sebagian menjadi viral dan menimbulkan keresahan. Tulisan ini berusaha mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis disinformasi tersebut dengan menggunakan content analysis dan menelaahnya dari perspektif etika ekonomi Qur’ani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa disinformasi di bidang usaha memiliki beberapa tipe jika dilihat dari bentuk dan dampaknya yaitu attention hunter, indikasi pencurian data, serangan pada suatu produk, indikasi penipuan, dan propaganda politik. Jenis-jenis disinformasi ini bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi Qur’ani yaitu kesatuan, kesetimbangan, kehendak bebas, pertanggungjawaban, dan kebenaran serta kebajikan
OKUL DUVAR YAZILARI VE ÖĞRENCİ GÖRÜŞLERİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ANALİZ
Authors: YILDIRIM Nail 
Published: June 2020

Okullarda da duvarlarda
yazılar bulunmaktadır. Bu yazılar öğrenme açısından uyarıcı etkisiyle
önemlidir. Yazılan yazılar ortamı zenginleştirebilir. Araştırmanın amacı, okul
duvar yazılarını öğrenci açısından incelemek ve durumu eğitim açısından
değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada
ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim okullarında yazılı veya asılı duvar yazıları nitel
araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılarak incelenmiştir.
Okullarda bulunan duvar yazılarından ilköğretim düzeyinde 424 ortaöğretim
düzeyinde de 424 olmak üzere toplam 848 adet yazı analiz edilmiştir. İlköğretim
ve ortaöğretim okullarından elde edilen toplamda 848 yazının içerdiği mesajlar
dikkate alındığında; yaşama ilişkin yargı, genel ahlak, dini bilgi, çalışmanın
önemi, kitabın önemi, eğitimin önemi, vatan sevgisi gibi mesajları içerdiği
görülmektedir. Yazılarda belirli bir standartın olmadığı görülmektedir. Ortaöğretim okul duvarlarında
öğrencilerin yanlış anlayacağı, yanlış yargılar geliştireceği, yanlış
öğrenmeler ve kabuller geliştireceği yazılar bulunmaktadır. Okul duvar
yazıları öğrenci gelişimlerine uygun, programı destekleyecek şekilde
düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Okul duvar yazıları öğretim programlarını
destekleyici bir şekilde düzenlenmelidir. Okul duvar aynı zamanda yazıları
okulun özel amaçlarıyla uygun olmalıdır.
The Addressees in Zephaniah 2:1, 3: Who Should Seek Yhwh Together?
Authors: DeRouchie Jason S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Zephaniah 2:1 calls “the nation not longing” to bundle together in submission to the Lord, and 2:3 urges “the humble of the land/earth” to seek him increasingly. The identity of these vocatives significantly affects the book’s interpretation, but scholars generally offer one of three views on the proper referent(s): (1) Both 2:1 and 3 address Judah collectively as a rebellious nation. (2) 2:1 confronts rebellious Judah collectively, but 2:3 speaks to the enemy foreign nations. (3) 2:1 addresses rebellious Judah collectively, but 2:3 addresses the nation’s faithful remnant. After overviewing these alternatives and arguing that option three best captures the principal referents, this study argues (4) that Judah and its remnant are the primary but not sole addressees of 2:1 and 3, with the literary context suggesting that the prophet intended that other rebellious nations and their remnants see 2:1 and 3 as applying equally to them by extension.
Rules of Engagement: God’s Permission of Evil in Light of Selected Cases of Scripture
Authors: Peckham John C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the problem of God’s permission of evil from the perspective of biblical theology. For the purposes of this article, to say God permits a given evil occurrence is to say that God possesses the sheer power to prevent that evil. If God is powerful enough to prevent evils and sometimes does so, as the Bible portrays, why does God permit so much evil? This article surveys selected biblical cases and argues that such cases provide evidence for a rules-of-engagement framework that sheds light on God’s permission of evil within the context of biblical theology. Specifically, this article: (1) suggests that, in the context of a cosmic conflict, there may be “rules of engagement” that operate as temporary divine self-limitations regarding God’s prevention of evil and (2) briefly considers how a rules-of-engagement framework might advance the discussion regarding God’s permission of evil in the context of biblical theology.
Factors predicting early mortality after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma in a contemporary cohort of patients
Authors: Kim Sandra , Kokorovic Andrea , Sharma Vidit , Boorjian Stephen , Rendon Ricardo A. , Bell David , Ross Mason 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We aimed to identify preoperatively available patient variables associated with increased mortality within 30 and 90 days of radical cystectomy (RC) for localized urothelial carcinoma (UC), and to evaluate temporal trends in early mortality rates.
Methods: We reviewed the National Cancer Database to identify patients who underwent RC for UC between 2006 and 2013. Preoperatively available patient-specific demographics and mortality rates at 30 and 90 days postoperatively were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with 30- and 90-day mortality.
Results: We identified 37 366 patients who underwent RC between 2006 and 2013. Overall mortality rates remained stable over time. From 2006–2013, 936 patients (2.5%) and 2554 patients (6.8%) died of any cause within 30 and 90 days post-RC, respectively. On multivariable analysis, increased age, higher clinical T and N stage, increased Charlson-Deyo comorbidity classification, African-American race, lower hospital volume, non-academic centers, lower patient income, and absence of insurance were each significantly associated with increased early mortality after RC (p<0.05). The protective effect of higher hospital volume was similar regardless of patient’s age, clinical stage, or comorbidity status.
Conclusions: Our study identified patient-specific variables that are significantly associated with increased early mortality after RC. These findings can be used in counselling to identify ideal candidates for RC to decrease patient harm. Furthermore, early mortality rates after RC have remained stable over time, indicating that ongoing quality improvement is essential to improve outcomes.
Deficits in urological knowledge and skills among family medicine residents in Canada
Authors: Redmond Elaine J. , Saleem Sahar , Domes Trustin , Rourke Keith F. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The last 10–15 years has seen a decline in formal undergraduate urological education throughout Canada. Given the large volume of urological presentations in family practice, trainees need to acquire the requisite urological knowledge and skills to serve their patients. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived level of urological knowledge and skills among Canadian family medicine residents.
Methods: A 15-item anonymous online survey was distributed via email to all Canadian family medicine program directors from September to December 2018 and distributed to their residents. The survey obtained data on demographics, training, undergraduate urology experience, self-reported proficiency in interpreting urological investigations, performing common urological procedures, and managing common urologic conditions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 142 family medicine residents with representation from Western Canada (27.5%), Ontario (32.4%), and Quebec (40.1%); 39.4% of respondents had completed a urology rotation during medical school and only 29.1% felt that their medical training prepared them for the urological aspects of family medicine. Although the majority of respondents felt proficient in performing a digital rectal examination (58.5%) or managing urinary tract infections (97.9%), only a minority felt competent in performing male genitourinary examination (40.1%), uncomplicated male (34.5%), female (45.8%) or difficult (9.2%) urethral catheterization. Likewise, the minority of respondents felt comfortable managing erectile dysfunction (41.5%), scrotal swelling (34.7%), and scrotal pain (25.7%).
Conclusions: There are significant deficiencies in urological knowledge and skills among family medicine residents in Canada, possibly as a consequence of insufficient educational experiences during medical training.
Improved artificial urinary sphincter outcomes using a transcorporal cuff placement in patients with a “fragile urethra”
Authors: Redmond Elaine J. , Rourke Keith F. , Tong Steven , Zemp Logan , Hoy Nathan 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the most effective treatment option for incontinence after prostate cancer treatment. However, patients with a “fragile urethra” (defined as prior radiotherapy, previous failed AUS, or previous urethroplasty) are at increased risk of AUS failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes using standard and transcorporal cuff placement in this group of patients.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients with a fragile urethra who underwent AUS insertion between 2004 and 2017. The primary outcome was the need for AUS revision. Secondary outcome measures included change in pad use, patient satisfaction, continence (≤1 pad/day), improvement (≥50% change in pad use) and cuff erosion rates.
Results: Seventy-six patients met the criteria for inclusion, with a mean age of 71.6 years and a mean followup of 37.9 months. A total of 42.1% had prior radiotherapy, 56.6% had a history of failed AUS, and 19.7% had previous urethroplasty. Transcorporal cuff placement was performed in 31.6% (n=24). These patients had lower revision (20.8% vs. 36.5%; p=0.05) and erosion rates (8.3% vs. 17.3%; p=0.09). There was no significant difference in functional outcomes such as continence (66.7% vs. 73.1%; p=0.57), improvement (100% vs. 90.4%;p=0.17), or satisfaction (82.6% vs. 69.4%; p=0.26), nor for 90-day complications (4.2% vs. 9.6%; p=0.41).
Conclusions: AUS insertion is an effective treatment option for post-prostatectomy incontinence in the setting of a fragile urethra. Transcorporal cuff placement in this subset of patients may be recommended, as it is associated with lower revision and erosion rates compared to standard cuff placement.
Discrepancy in pathology reports upon second review of radical orchiectomy specimens for testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Nason Gregory J. , Sweet Joan , Landoni Lauren , Leao Ricardo , Anson-Cartwright Lynn , Mok Spencer , Guzylak Vanessa , D’Angelo Andrea , Fang Zhi Yi , Geist Ilana , Warde Padraig , Jewett Michael A.S. , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the discrepancies between primary pathology report and second pathology review of radical orchiectomy (RO) specimens.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed of RO specimens from the Ontario Cancer Registry. All cases required both a primary pathology report and a second pathology review from another institution. Histopathological variables assessed included histological subtype and components of mixed germ cell tumor (GCT), pathological tumor (pT) stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), spermatic cord invasion, and surgical margin.
Results: Between 1994 and 2015, 5048 ROs were performed with 2719 (53.9%) seminoma and 2029 (40.2%) non-seminoma. Of these, 519 (10.3%) received a second pathology review. There was concordance between primary pathology report and second pathology review in 326 (62.8%) cases. The most common discrepancies involved a change in pT stage (n=148, 28.5%), with upstaging in 83 (16%) and downstaging in 65 (12.5%) cases relative to the original pT stage. The second most common discrepancy regarded the reporting of LVI (n=121, 23.3%), with 62 (11.9%) reporting presence of LVI when the primary pathology report did not. Other discrepancies included a change in the histological subtype in 28 (5.4%) cases and spermatic cord margin status in 5 (9.6%) cases.
Conclusions: Only 10% of orchiectomy specimens underwent a second pathology review, with nearly 40% of reviews leading to a meaningful change in parameters. Such variation could lead to incorrect tumor staging, estimate of relapse risk, and inappropriate treatment decisions. Expert pathology review of RO specimens should be considered, as it has significant implications for decision making.
Autopsy in Foetal Infant Deaths
Authors: Sharma Luv 
Published: June 2020

Child autopsies are not more difficult than adult autopsies, but do require a number of extra techniques to be performed routinely. This chapter aims to cover the basic techniques required for foetal, perinatal, and infant post mortems. Post mortem examinations of children older than 2 years of age do not differ greatly from adult autopsies.
Identification of candidate genes and prognostic value analysis in patients with PDL1-positive and PDL1-negative lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qi Xiaoguang , Qi Chunyan , Kang Xindan , Hu Yi , Han Weidong 
Published: June 2020

Background
Increasing bodies of evidence reveal that targeting a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody is a promising immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma. Although PD receptor ligand 1 (PDL1) expression is widely recognized as the most powerful predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy, its regulatory mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and elucidate the regulatory mechanism of PDL1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
The GSE99995 data set was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Patients with and without PDL1 expression were divided into PDL1-positive and PDL1-negative groups, respectively. DEGs were screened using R. The Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs was visualized using Cytoscape, and the MNC algorithm was applied to screen hub genes. A survival analysis involving Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was used to verify the GEO results. Mutation characteristics of the hub genes were further analyzed in a combined study of five datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Results
In total, 869 DEGs were identified, 387 in the PDL1-positive group and 482 in the PDL1-negative group. GO and KEGG analysis results of the PDL1-positive group mainly exhibited enrichment of biological processes and pathways related to cell adhesion and the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, whereas biological process and pathways associated with cell division and repair were mainly enriched in the PDL1-negative group. The top 10 hub genes were screened during the PPI network analysis. Notably, survival analysis revealed BRCA1, mainly involved in cell cycle and DNA damage responses, to be a novel prognostic indicator in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with different forms of lung adenocarcinoma was associated with differences in mutations and pathways in potential hub genes.

Conclusions
PDL1-positive lung adenocarcinoma and PDL1-negative lung adenocarcinoma might be different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. The hub genes might play an important role in PDL1 regulatory pathways. Further studies on hub genes are warranted to reveal new mechanisms underlying the regulation of PDL1 expression. These results are crucial for understanding and applying precision immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma.