bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method reveals how channel retentiveness and stocks of detritus (CPOM) vary among streams differing in bed roughness
Authors: Bovill William D. , Downes Barbara J. , Lake P. S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) is a fundamental resource in freshwater streams, providing food, shelter and habitat for diverse invertebrate taxa and playing a key role in metabolism in low‐order streams. Benthic CPOM stocks are determined by rates of supply and breakdown of detritus and by channel retentiveness (i.e. the capacity for the channel to trap and retain CPOM). We focussed on factors affecting the retentiveness of channels, which theoretically differs among streams with different sediment sizes and concomitant channel morphology.

We developed a new, rapid method to measure retentiveness using line‐intercept surveys along transects. With this rapid approach, we surveyed 32 sites from three types of streams (smooth sandy channels, n = 10; gravel channels of intermediate roughness, n = 12; rough cobble channels, n = 10) in Victoria, south‐eastern Australia, and tested the simple hypotheses that: (1) retentiveness increases in channels with increasing channel roughness (i.e. sandy versus gravel versus cobble‐bed streams); (2) different types of channel features (e.g. log jams, cobbles, depositional areas) differ in the efficiency with which they retain CPOM. The line‐intercept survey method was readily adapted to measure retentiveness as m of retentive structure per m of transect (i.e. the Linear Coverage Index) and trapping efficiency as m of CPOM per m of retentive element, for 10 different types of retentive elements.

Unexpectedly, the retentiveness of channels did not increase with channel roughness. This occurred because channels with different roughness were dominated by different types of retentive structure. Retentive structure in cobble sites was dominated by cobbles themselves, which were highly retentive in other studies but poorly retentive in our system. Gravel and sand sites had more log jams and depositional areas, such as pools and backwaters, and these features were more effective at trapping CPOM. Thus, retention of CPOM was highest in gravel and sand sites.

Our method provides a new tool for investigators testing hypotheses about CPOM retention in streams. The method is rapid, requires a minimum of equipment and personnel, and may be applied in any wadeable stream. Retentiveness is calculated in intuitive units that are directly comparable among sites and may have utility as variables in models of CPOM dynamics. We hope this method will open up new avenues for research that may shed light on how CPOM stocks vary among streams, with implications for diversity of aquatic fauna and ecosystem functions such as decomposition.
Knee haemophilic arthropathy care in Chile: Midterm outcomes and complications after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Oyarzun Andrés , Barrientos Cristian , Barahona Maximiliano , Martinez Álvaro , Soto‐Arellano Verónica , Courtin Carolina , Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) can improve knee function in the general population, but challenges arise for TKA use in haemophilic patients (HPs).AimThis study aimed to evaluate the midterm clinical experience of a single medical centre in TKA in HPs.MethodsWe performed a case series of consecutive TKAs from 2007 to 2013 in HPs. All patients received coagulation factor supplementation according to the institutional protocol. Surgery was performed without a tourniquet by a standard midline medial parapatellar approach. We compared the range of motion (ROM) and flexion contracture before surgery and 1‐year postoperative using paired Wilcoxon‐non‐parametric test (P < .05 was considered significant). The need for revision surgery was considered TKA survival failure.ResultsForty‐one HP/60 TKAs were reviewed (19 cases were bilateral). Preoperative median ROM and flexion contracture was 75° (range, 0°‐95°) and 20° (range, 5°‐80°), respectively. The postoperative median ROM increased to 83° (range, 45°‐110°), and median flexion contracture decrease to 0° (range, 0°‐40°) a statistically significant difference (P < .01). Postoperative median clinical Knee Society Score (KSS) and functional KSS were 88 (range, 59‐97) and 100 (range, 30‐100), respectively. Six patients required revision (6.66%) due to infection. TKA survival at 5 years was 92% (range, 82%‐96%).ConclusionThis study supports that TKA improves function and ROM in haemophilic knee arthropathy. The protocol of coagulation factors used in this cohort is valid as no related complications were reported. A higher incidence of complications, especially infections, must be expected compared with a TKA in non‐HPs.
Structural and physicochemical properties of soya bean protein isolate/maltodextrin mixture and glycosylation conjugates
Authors: Zhao Chengbin , Yin Huanhuan , Yan Jiannan , Qi Baokun , Liu Jingsheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of mixture and conjugation with maltodextrin (MD) in aqueous solution on the structural and physicochemical properties of soya bean protein isolate (SPI) was investigated. Although the mixing of MD would not change the distribution of secondary structure and tertiary conformation of SPI, the protein aggregation was promoted through hydrophobic interaction, which resulted in the decrease in solubility and the improvement of gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of SPI/MD mixture. However, glycosylation decreased α‐helix and increased β‐structure. The bathochromic shift of the fluorescence emission maximum wavelength for SPI/MD conjugates was promoted, resulting in less compact tertiary conformation. These structural modifications might be the reason for the changes in the physicochemical properties of conjugates. After glycosylation, the surface hydrophobicity and solubility were increased, the average particle size was decreased, and the gelation properties were weakened including gel strength and WHC.
How are nicotine vaping products represented to pharmacists? A content analysis of Australian pharmacy news sources
Authors: Erku Daniel A , Zhang Rebecca , Gartner Coral E , Morphett Kylie , Steadman Kathryn J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
With the growing popularity and use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs), it is important that pharmacists have evidence-based information in order to provide guidance to their customers. The news media can play an important role in shaping how pharmacists think, feel and act regarding NVPs. This paper examines how NVPs are portrayed and framed in Australian pharmacy news sources.

Methods
Four leading Australian online pharmacy professional news sources were searched for articles published between 2007 and August 2019. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed to explore how the safety, efficacy and regulation of NVPs was communicated.

Results
We identified and analysed 103 relevant articles. Academic research findings and/or expert opinions were either cited or referenced most often, appearing in a total of 59% of articles analysed, followed by government sources quoted in 41% of articles. Health effects and safety issues of NVPs were the most frequently mentioned topic appearing in a total of 79% of the stories, followed by NVP-related regulatory issues (47%). The majority of NVP-related articles were framed in a loss rather than gain contexts, with more emphasis given to the concern that NVPs have the potential to addict youth to nicotine and undermine Australia’s progress in tobacco control.

Conclusion
Australian pharmacy news media have more often reported the potential risks than the potential benefits of NVPs. Such portrayal is likely to contribute to misperceptions about the relative harm of NVPs. Pharmacy staff need access to unbiased and evidence-based guidance on how to handle customer enquiries regarding NVPs.
Measuring the ‘dose’ of person‐centred care in aged care: Development of staff and family questionnaires
Authors: Porock Davina , Li Junxin , Chang Yu‐Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop a theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument to measure the ‘dose’ of person‐centred care practice in long‐term care.BackgroundAlthough person‐centred care has been adopted for long‐term care across the world, there is a lack of theory‐based instruments to measure its impact. Two questionnaires were developed to measure person‐centred care from the perspectives of staff and family based on current person‐centred care frameworks: Kitwood, Nolan, and Eden Alternative.MethodsPhase I: literature review and focus groups identified potential items for the questionnaires. Phase II: academic experts, local staff, and family members of residents assessed content validity. Phase III: psychometric testing.ResultsA 34‐item staff questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.942) with two factors “Making person‐centredness real” and “Making the environment meaningful for life and work”. A 30‐item family questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.947), with three factors “Staff care about what is meaningful to my family member”, “Staff know and respect my family member”, and “We are all part of a family”. The factors did not directly reflect the theoretical constructs from Kitwood's and Nolan's work.ConclusionTwo instruments, capturing the ‘dose’ or active practice of delivering person‐centred care, have demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The study contributes to understanding the theoretical components of person‐centred care.ImpactThe study addressed the lack of robust tools to measure how much person‐centred care is taking place in aged care facilities.Staff and family questionnaires were produced based on strong theoretical foundations combining concepts of prominent person‐centred theories and rigorous psychometric testing.The instruments can be used to determine if person‐centred care makes a difference, to compare if person‐centred care changes or develops over time or between facilities. Ultimately residents, families, and staff will benefit from the ability to measure how much person‐centred care residents receive.
Unravelling the evolution of Africa’s drainage basins through a widespread freshwater fish, the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Van Steenberge Maarten W. , Vanhove Maarten P. M. , Chocha Manda Auguste , Larmuseau Maarten H. D. , Swart Belinda L. , Khang’Mate Faustin , Arndt Allan , Hellemans Bart , Van Houdt Jeroen , Micha Jean‐Claude , Koblmüller Stephan , Roodt‐Wilding Rouvay , Volckaert Filip A. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe formation history of Africa's current river basins remains largely unknown. In order to date changes in landscape and climate, we studied the biogeography of the African freshwater fish with the largest natural distribution. We also validated biogeographical units.LocationContinental Africa.TaxonClarias gariepinus sl.MethodsWe investigated mitochondrial cytb sequences of 443 individuals from 97 localities, using a haplotype network and a genetic landscape analysis. We inferred a dated phylogeny using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches and reconstructed ancestral areas with S‐DEC and S‐DIVA models. Microsatellite genotyping complemented the mitochondrial approach in the Congo basin, where the latter revealed complex patterns.ResultsLimited differentiation is found in northern and south‐western Africa, and sharp genetic differentiation in the continent's east and centre. Populations with affinities to neighbouring basins occur at the edges of the Congo province. High diversity exists in the south of the Congo basin. The Zambezi province is partitioned into eastern, central and western sectors. In the east, specimens were related to those from the Congo. In the west, they were similar to Southern representatives. Phylogenetic inference placed the origin of C. gariepinus in the East Coast, with intraspecific diversification starting around the Great Lakes. These events occurred ca. 4.8–1.65 and 2.3–0.8 MYA respectively.Main conclusionsClades of C. gariepinus sl. show a clear geographical signature. The origin of C. gariepinus in the East Coast and diversification around the Great Lakes coincided with the periods of increased aridity. Low genetic differentiation in northern and southern Africa may result from connectivity during recent periods of higher rainfall. In contrast to other widespread African freshwater fish, colonization rather than extinction seemed to mediate distribution patterns. This can be explained by a high ecological tolerance. We highlight the species’ suitability to study landscape and climate evolution at various scales.
Development of a fluorescent microwave‐assisted synthesized carbon dots/Cu2+ probe for rapid detection of tea polyphenols
Authors: Wei Qingyi , Liu Ting , Pu Hongbin , Sun Da‐Wen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTea polyphenols (TPs) are a major functional ingredient in tea, but current traditional detection methods for TPs are generally time‐consuming and involve a lot of organic chemicals. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) with a high quantum yield of 73.66% was prepared using a rapid, safe, and economical way. The synthesized CDs had an average particle size of 5 nm in diameter and showed a strong emission peak at 445 nm when the excitation wavelength was 350 nm. Additionally, a fluorescent CDs/Cu2+ probe was employed for detection of TPs. This fluorescent sensing approach allowed for detecting TPs in the range between 1 and 30 μg/mL with a low detection limit of 0.31 μg/mL. Besides, satisfactory recoveries of 101.11–106.97% in spiked real tea samples were obtained by this present probe. The outcomes confirmed the applicability of the fluorescent CDs/Cu2+ probe for TPs measurements in spiked real samples. Moreover, as compared with the standard Folin–Ciocalteu method, the probe was facile and time‐saving for the detection of TPs. Therefore, it is hoped that this effective way could also be employed to quantify phenolic compounds from other herbal plants in future studies.Practical ApplicationsIn this paper, low toxicity, low cost, simple synthetic, and water solubility of carbon dots (CDs) coupled with Cu2+ was applied as a fluorescent probe to detect TPs. Compared with the traditional method, good applicability was shown with the proposed method for TPs measurements in real tea samples, indicating great potential for monitoring the content of TPs in tea. In the future, it could provide a sensitive and effective way of detecting phenolic compounds from other herbal plants for the industry.
Clinical assessment of uterine artery embolization combined with curettage when treating patients with cesarean scar pregnancy: A retrospective study of 169 cases
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Niu Haiying , Li Jing , Zhang Lizhi , Qu Quanxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimRecent years have witnessed an elevated incidence of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). However, the clinical complications and consequences of uterine artery embolization (UAE) and curettage treatment for CSP patients are not clear. We aimed to assess menstrual recovery and other clinically pertinent factors after UAE and curettage treatment in CSP patients.MethodsA total of 169 CSP patients who underwent UAE combined with curettage between August 2013 and August 2017 were enrolled in this study. The menstruation recovery was recorded, and the factors that potentially affected menstrual blood volume (MBV) were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 169 CSP cases, 36 had asymptomatics (21.3%), 133 vaginal hemorrhage (78.7%) and 19 lower abdominal pain (11.2%). The success rate of treatment was 96.4% with six patients undergoing further treatment. The follow‐up assessment was performed in 139 of 169 patients. About 83 of 139 (59.7%) patients had reduced MBV, and 2 patients (1.4%) had amenorrhea. There was a significant difference in numbers of abortions between the decreased and normal MBV group (P = 0.0276). Importantly, 16 of 42 cases who were planning on having babies became pregnant, with 8 from the decreased (8/27) and normal MBV (8/15) group each.ConclusionUAE combined with curettage treatment in CSP patients demonstrates a favorable success rate, which can also reduce MBV and proceeding pregnancy rate.
Immigration, new religious symbols, and the dynamics of neighborhoods
Authors: Blind Ina , Dahlberg Matz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLast decades' non‐western immigration to Europe has resulted in culturally and religiously more diverse populations in many countries. One manifestation of this diversification is new features in the cityscape. Using a quasiexperimental approach, in which an unexpected political process that led way to the first public call to prayer from a mosque in Sweden is combined with rich, daily, information on housing sales and detailed monthly information on internal migration, this paper examines how one such new feature affects neighborhood dynamics. While our results indicate that the calls to prayer increased house prices closer to the mosque, we find no evidence of increased residential segregation between natives and immigrants.
Exploring the biotransformation of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (an aryl valproic acid derivative) by CYP2C11, using in silico predictions and in vitro studies
Authors: Mendieta-Wejebe Jessica Elena , Silva-Trujillo Arianna , Bello Martiniano , Mendoza-Figueroa Humberto L , Galindo-Alvarez Norma Lizeth , Albores Arnulfo , Tamay-Cach Feliciano , Rosales-Hernández Martha Cecilia , Romero-Castro Aurelio , Correa-Basurto José 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), a derivative of valproic acid (VPA), has been proposed as a potential anticancer agent due to its improved antiproliferative effects in some cancer cell lines. Although there is evidence that VPA is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C11 rat isoform, HO-AAVPA CYP-mediated metabolism has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, in this work, the biotransformation of HO-AAVPA by CYP2C11 was investigated.

Methods
Kinetic parameters and spectral interaction between HO-AAVPA and CYP were evaluated using rat liver microsomes. The participation of CYP2C11 in metabolism of HO-AAVPA was confirmed by cimetidine (CIM) inhibition assay. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations coupled to MMGBSA methods were used in theoretical study.

Key findings
HO-AAVPA is metabolized by CYP enzymes (KM = 38.94 µm), yielding a hydroxylated metabolite according to its HPLC retention time (5.4 min) and MS analysis (252.2 m/z). In addition, CIM inhibition in rat liver microsomes (Ki = 59.23 µm) confirmed that CYP2C11 is mainly involved in HO-AAVPA metabolism. Furthermore, HO-AAVPA interacts with CYP2C11 as a type I ligand. HO-AAVPA is stabilized at the CYP2C11 ligand recognition site through a map of interactions similar to other typical CYP2C11 substrates.

Conclusion
Therefore, rat liver CYP2C11 isoform is able to metabolize HO-AAVPA.
Evidence against a large effect of sleep in protecting verbal memories from interference
Authors: Pöhlchen Dorothee , Pawlizki Annedore , Gais Steffen , Schönauer Monika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The human brain has evolved to acquire novel information rapidly while serving the need to store long‐term memories in a stable and lasting form. Presenting interfering information directly after learning can lead to forgetting of the original material. It has been suggested that sleep aids the stabilization of new memories and protects them from interference. Here, we aim to replicate in two separate experiments the claim that sleep protects memories from retroactive interference (Current Biology, 16, 2006 and 1290; PLoS ONE, 4, 2009 and e4117). We let participants study wordlists before letting them sleep for an afternoon nap or for a full night. In a control condition, subjects stayed awake for the same amount of time. After the consolidation interval, participants learnt an interfering wordlist and were tested on memory of the original wordlist. Sleep did not stabilize memory for the original wordlist in either study. We discuss our findings in the light of recent advances in computational neuroscience, and conclude that the stabilizing effect of sleep against interference has been overestimated.
Depth and grazing intensity are the main drivers of subtidal hardground benthic community structure on tropical south Atlantic reefs
Authors: Mantelatto Marcelo Checoli , Oliveira Anderson Eduardo Silva de , Menegola Carla , Casares Fernanda Araujo , Creed Joel Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMarine hardground bottom (subtidal) benthic (sessile) communities (HBBC) are subjected to various biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors that can vary over space and time and interact with one another. To evaluate the main drivers of the structure of HBBC in a large tropical bay in the southwest Atlantic (Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil), a total of 98 HBBC were sampled using visually estimated quadrats. Ten variables (depth, grazing intensity, irradiance, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate), and chlorophyll a concentrations) were also measured. A total of 74 main space‐occupying taxon/functional groups were recorded which fell into six major HBBC groups. These were organized by depth/irradiance and grazing intensities which explained part of the HBBC variation: (a) Communities dominated by zoantharians occurred in the shallow, highest irradiance sites; (b) foliose and erect algae were inversely related to depth and grazing intensity; (c) crustose coralline algae dominated at greater depths and/or under higher grazing intensity; (d) zooxanthellate corals were associated with shallower and heterotrophic invertebrates with deeper stations; (e) photosynthetically efficient algae were associated with deeper stations, with more encrusting forms under higher grazing intensities; and (f) multi‐species turf‐forming algae were ubiquitous (did not present association with any of the measured variables). As communities’ components and main structuring factors were similar to those found in coral reefs, these communities represent compatible receptor habitats for poleward escape, migration, and range extension under the present global warming scenario.
Incapacitating effects of fungal coinfection in a novel pathogen system
Authors: McDonald Cait A. , Longo Ana V. , Lips Karen R. , Zamudio Kelly R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs globalization lowers geographic barriers to movement, coinfection with novel and enzootic pathogens is increasingly likely. Novel and enzootic pathogens can interact synergistically or antagonistically, leading to increased or decreased disease severity. Here we examine host immune responses to coinfection with two closely related fungal pathogens: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Both pathogens have had detrimental effects on amphibian populations, with Bd now largely enzootic, while Bsal is currently spreading and causing epizootics. Recent experimental work revealed that newts coinfected with Bd and Bsal had significantly higher mortality than those infected with either pathogen alone. Here we characterize host immunogenomic responses to chytrid coinfection relative to single infection. Across several classes of immune genes including pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and MHC, coinfected host gene expression was weakly upregulated or comparable to that seen in single Bd infection, but significantly decreased when compared to Bsal infection. Combined with strong complement pathway downregulation and keratin upregulation, these results indicate that coinfection with Bd and Bsal compromises immune responses active against Bsal alone. As Bsal continues to invade naïve habitats where Bd is enzootic, coinfection will be increasingly common. If other Bd‐susceptible species in the region have similar responses, interactions between the two pathogens could cause severe population and community‐level declines.