bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contingency, Historicity, and Integrity
Authors: Colapietro Vincent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe author of this paper contends that Kathleen Wallace’s model of the self is a highly original contribution to contemporary thought. He, however, highlights important respects in which Wallace is adumbrating themes highlighted by Justus Buchler’s scattered insights into human selfhood. In addition, the author identifies two possible lines of inquiry rooted in Wallace’s project calling for further pursuit. Questions regarding self‐division, ones importantly bearing upon the topic of autonomy, and also questions regarding the somatic mechanisms, processes, and practices by which embodied selves maintain themselves as cumulative networks are ones that, above all else, he tries to throw into sharp relief through the defining features of Wallace’s network model and to underscore the inherent power of Wallace’s nuanced approach to a highly contested and intricately complex topic.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, assessment, and clinical impact
Authors: Aguiar Rosa Sílvia , Rocha Lopes Luís , Fiarresga António , Ferreira Rui Cruz , Mota Carmo Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischemia constitutes one of the most important pathophysiological features in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Chronic and recurrent myocardial ischemia leads to fibrosis, which may culminate in myocardial dysfunction. Since the direct visualization of coronary microcirculation in vivo is not possible, its function must be studied indirectly. Invasive and noninvasive techniques allow microcirculatory dysfunction to be evaluated, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and cardiac catheterization. Blunted myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve have been suggested to associate with unfavorable prognosis. Microcirculatory dysfunction may be one additional important parameter to take into account for risk stratification beyond the conventional risk factors.
Role of arthroconidia in biofilm formation by Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Kurakado Sanae , Miyashita Tomoaki , Chiba Ryota , Sato Chisato , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Sugita Takashi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundTrichosporon asahii is the major causative agent of disseminated and deep‐seated trichosporonosis. It is capable of forming biofilms on surfaces, leading to medical device‐related infection.Trichosporon asahii may be present as yeast form, hyphae and/or arthroconidia; however, the relationship between its biofilm‐forming ability and its morphological transition is unclear.ObjectivesWe investigated whether the T. asahii morphological transition contributes to its biofilm formation. We also determined the conditions required to induce each of the morphologies.MethodsThree high‐ and three low‐biofilm‐producing strains (HBS and LBS, respectively) were selected using a biofilm formation assay, and the cell surface hydrophobicity of these six strains was measured. For each strain, the morphology was observed and the number of each morphological form (yeast form, hypha and arthroconidium) was counted to calculate the ratio. Finally, the ability of cells each morphological type to adhere to the polystyrene substrate was evaluated.ResultsThe HBS exhibited abundant arthroconidia and hyphae; in contrast, the LBS produced mainly hyphae with few or no arthroconidia. The production of hyphae was increased by nitrogen‐containing medium, and the production of arthroconidia was increased by nitrogen‐deficient medium. Cells incubated under nitrogen‐deficient conditions showed higher adherence to a polystyrene surface than those incubated in the presence of nitrogen.ConclusionArthroconidia of T. asahii play a key role in biofilm formation by promoting cellular adhesion.
Different susceptibility of spores and hyphae of Trichophyton rubrum to methylene blue mediated photodynamic treatment in vitro
Authors: Li Chanchan , Jia Xinrui , Bian Yawen , Qi Di , Wu Jianbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, methylene blue mediated‐photodynamic therapy (MB‐PDT) has proved to be an effective inhibitor to a variety of microorganisms, including Trichophyton rubrum, the most common dermatophyte worldwide. However, previous studies mainly focused on the spore form of T rubrum, but rarely on its hyphal form, although the latter is the main pathogenic form of T rubrum in vivo.ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of MB‐PDT on T rubrum in different growth phases in vitro.MethodsThe suspensions of spores and hyphae obtained from T rubrum (ATCC28188) were prepared, respectively, incubated with MB solution (0.15‐40 μg/mL) and irradiated with 635 nm red light. Varied light energy and MB concentration were used. The specimen in the absence of light exposure or/and MB served as controls. MIC determination, colony counts and MTT assay were employed to evaluate the antifungal effect of MB‐PDT.ResultsThe MICs of MB‐PDT for hyphae and spores of T. rubrum were 6.300 ± 1.072 μg/mL and 1.984 ± 1.072 μg/mL, respectively, at a fixed light dose of 60 J/cm2. CFU counts gave the minimum critical combinations of MB concentration and light dose to achieve 100% inhibitory rate. For hyphae, they were 5 μg/mL + 100 J/cm2 or 10 μg/mL + 60 J/cm2. For spores, they were 1.25 μg/mL + 40 J/cm2 or 5 μg/mL + 20 J/cm2. The outcomes of MTT assay were consistent with those of CFU counts, but less accurate.ConclusionMB‐PDT is a potent inhibitor to both spores and hyphae of T. rubrum in vitro, and the spores are more sensitive to it. Its antifungal efficacy is positively correlated with the concentration of MB and light dose.
Putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: An observational study from New York City
Authors: Mitaka Hayato , Perlman David C. , Javaid Waleed , Salomon Nadim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) are at the theoretical risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) due to known risk factors.Patients/MethodsWe aimed to describe the clinical features of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis at a single centre in New York City. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with COVID‐19 with Aspergillus isolated from respiratory cultures.ResultsA total of seven patients with COVID‐19 who had one or more positive respiratory cultures for Aspergillus fumigatus were identified, all of whom were mechanically ventilated in the ICU. Four patients were classified as putative IPA. The median age was 79 years, and all patients were male. The patients had been mechanically ventilated for a mean of 6.8 days (range: 1‐14 days) before Aspergillus isolation. Serum galactomannan level was positive for only one patient. The majority of our cases received much higher doses of glucocorticoids than the dosage with a proven mortality benefit. All four patients died.ConclusionsVigilance for secondary fungal infections will be needed to reduce adverse outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19.
Global Transitional Justice Norms and the Framing of Truth Commissions in the Absence of Transition
Authors: Wiebelhaus‐Brahm Eric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs global transitional justice norms strengthen, governments face increasingly pressure to enact formal transitional justice mechanisms to resolve domestic conflict. This article examines how Bahrain, Morocco, and Sri Lanka attempted to exploit these norms to appease demands and stave off international transitional justice intervention by employing truth commissions. Governments framed truth commissions and their responses to their investigations as sufficient to address the past. To varying degrees, though, domestic audiences and the international community refused to accept this framing. As such, truth commission investigations and their reports failed to resolve the respective conflicts. Rather, they prolonged attention on governments’ past and present misdeeds. For governments, the risk this strategy backfires is higher when human rights violations have been more extensive and extreme, when governments construct a more obviously biased truth‐seeking process and display little interest in enacting recommendations, and when governments have failed to cultivate strong ties with Western powers.
WOX9 functions antagonistic to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade expansion in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris
Authors: Wolabu Tezera W. , Wang Hui , Tadesse Dimiru , Zhang Fei , Behzadirad Marjan , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Abdelmageed Haggag , Liu Ye , Chen Naichong , Chen Jianghua , Allen Randy D. , Tadege Million 
Published: September 2020

Summary

WOX family transcription factors regulate multiple developmental programs. The intermediate clade transcriptional activator WOX9 functions together with the modern clade transcriptional repressor WOX genes in embryogenesis and meristems maintenance, but the mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

STF and LAM1 are WOX1 orthologs required for leaf blade outgrowth in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris, respectively. Using biochemical methods and genome editing technology, here we show that WOX9 is an abaxial factor and functions antagonistically to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade development.

While NsWOX9 ectopic expression enhances the lam1 mutant phenotype, and antisense expression partially rescues the lam1 mutant, both overexpression and knockout of NsWOX9 in N. sylvestris resulted in a range of severe leaf blade distortions, indicating important role in blade development. Our results indicate that direct repression of WOX9 by WUS clade repressor STF/LAM1 is required for correct blade architecture and patterning in M. truncatula and N. sylvestris.

These findings suggest that controlling transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms by direct interaction of activator and repressor WOX genes may be required for cell proliferation and differentiation homeostasis, and could be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the development of complex and diverse morphology in flowering plants.
Linking drought‐induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees
Authors: Levionnois Sébastien , Jansen Steven , Wandji Ruth Tchana , Beauchêne Jacques , Ziegler Camille , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément , Delzon Sylvain , Authier Louise , Heuret Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Drought‐induced xylem embolism is considered to be one of the main factors driving mortality in woody plants worldwide. Although several structure–functional mechanisms have been tested to understand the anatomical determinants of embolism resistance, there is a need to study this topic by integrating anatomical data for many species.

We combined optical, laser, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure for 26 tropical rainforest tree species across three major clades (magnoliids, rosiids, and asteriids). We then related these anatomical observations to previously published data on drought‐induced embolism resistance, with phylogenetic analyses.

Vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure were all predictive of xylem embolism resistance, but with weak predictive power. While pit membrane thickness was a predictive trait when vestured pits were taken into account, the pit membrane diameter‐to‐thickness ratio suggests a strong importance of the deflection resistance of the pit membrane. However, phylogenetic analyses weakly support adaptive coevolution.

Our results emphasize the functional significance of pit membranes for air‐seeding in tropical rainforest trees, highlighting also the need to study their mechanical properties due to the link between embolism resistance and pit membrane diameter‐to‐thickness ratio. Finding support for adaptive coevolution also remains challenging.
The combined effects of water and nitrogen on the relationship between a native hemiparasite and its invasive host
Authors: Cirocco Robert M. , Watling Jennifer R. , Facelli José M. 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Stem hemiparasites are dependent on their hosts for water and nitrogen. Most studies, however, have assessed the influence of one factor on parasite : host associations, thus limiting our mechanistic understanding of their performance in nature.

We investigated the combined effects of water and nitrogen (N) availability on both a host (Ulex europaeus) and its parasite (Cassytha pubescens).

Parasite infection significantly decreased host shoot biomass and shoot : root ratio more severely in high water than low water, irrespective of N supply. Parasite stem [N] was significantly higher in high water than low water treatments, regardless of N supply, but parasite biomass did not vary among treatments. Irrespective of water and N supply, infected plants had significantly lower total, root and nodule biomass, predawn and midday quantum yields, maximum electron transport rates, water potentials and nitrogen concentration [N]. Parasite δ13C was significantly higher than that of the host.

Our results suggested that stem hemiparasites can better extract resources from hosts when water availability is high, resulting in a greater impact on the host under these conditions. When hemiparasitic plants are being investigated as a biocontrol for invasive weeds, they may be more effective in wetter habitats than in drier ones.
Transcriptional memories mediate the plasticity of cold stress responses to enable morphological acclimation in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Mayer Boris F. , Charron Jean‐Benoit 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Plants that successfully acclimate to stress can resume growth under stressful conditions. The grass Brachypodium distachyon can grow a cold‐adaptive morphology during cold acclimation. Studies on transcriptional memory (TM) have revealed that plants can be primed for stress by adjusting their transcriptional responses, but the function of TM in stress acclimation is not well understood. We investigated the function of TM during cold acclimation in B. distachyon.

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), RNA‐seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR analyses were performed on plants exposed to repeated episodes of cold to characterize the presence and stability of TM during the stress and growth responses of cold acclimation.

Transcriptional memory mainly dampened stress responses as growth resumed and as B. distachyon became habituated to cold stress. Although permanent on vernalization gene VRN1, TMs were short‐term and reversible on cold‐stress genes. Growing under cold conditions also coincided with the acquisition of new and targeted cold‐induced transcriptional responses.

Overall, TM provided plasticity to cold stress responses during cold acclimation in B. distachyon, leading to stress habituation, acquired stress responses, and resumed growth. Our study shows that chromatin‐associated TMs are involved in tuning plant responses to environmental change and, as such, regulate both stress and developmental components that characterize cold‐climate adaptation in B. distachyon.
Short‐term variation in the subgingival microbiota in two groups of patients treated with clear aligners and vestibular fixed appliances: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Palone Mario , Scapoli Luca , Siciliani Giuseppe , Carinci Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the subgingival microbiological changes during the first six months of therapy with clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs). The null hypothesis was that there would be no microbiological differences between the two.Setting/SampleTwo groups of patients to be treated, respectively, with CAs (14 patients; 9 females and 5 males; mean age 21 years ± 0.25) and FAs (13 patients; 8 females and 5 males; mean 14 years ± 0.75) were consecutively recruited.Materials and MethodsSubgingival microbiological samples were obtained at the right upper central incisor and right first molar at four different time points: before appliance fitting (T0), and at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T6) thereafter. Total bacterial load (TBL) and counts of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia were determined using real‐time PCR.ResultsTotal bacterial load did not vary in the CA group, while a significant increase was detected after 3 and 6 months of treatment in the FA group. Unlike red complex species, C rectus and F nucleatum were often detected: levels remained stable in the CA group but increased progressively in the FA group.ConclusionThe type of orthodontic appliance influences the subgingival microbiota. TBL increased in the FA group but not in the CA group, although the levels of the individual periodontal pathogenic bacteria species did not significantly increase during the observation period.
A novel homozygous SCN5A variant detected in sick sinus syndrome
Authors: Alkorashy Maarab , Al‐Ghamdi Bandar , Tulbah Sahar , Al‐Numair Nouf S. , Alhadeq Faten , A Takroni Saud , Al‐Hassnan Zuhair N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a group of disorders characterized by an abnormal cardiac impulse formation or propagation from the sinoatrial node. Mutated SCN5A has been reported in SSS, however, homozygosity of SCN5A is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a consanguineous family with four affected children with SSS. Symptomatic bradycardia necessitated implanting a pacemaker in all of them. Sequencing SCN5A revealed a novel homozygous variant (p.Cys1850Arg), which was predicted to interfere with protein folding. Our report describes the phenotype of a novel homozygous SCN5A variant and contributes to the compendium of molecular pathology of inherited arrhythmias in consanguineous populations.
Implementation of a spinal anesthesia and sedation protocol that reliably prolongs infant spinal anesthesia: Case series of 102 infants who received spinal anesthesia for urologic surgery
Authors: Handlogten Kathryn , Warner Lindsay , Granberg Candace , Gargollo Patricio , Thalji Leanne , Haile Dawit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of spinal anesthesia in infants is seeing resurgence as an alternative to general anesthesia.AimsOur primary aims are to describe our institution's experience introducing a spinal anesthesia and sedation protocol for infants undergoing urologic surgery, to describe methods of improving prolonged anesthesia, and to describe the failure rate of spinal anesthesia in these patients. Sedation was provided for some infants with intranasal dexmedetomidine ± fentanyl.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series examining infants aged 1‐<14 months who received spinal anesthesia for circumcision, orchiopexy, orchiectomy, hypospadias repair, or epispadias repair. The electronic medical record was reviewed and compared with unmatched historical controls who received general anesthesia.ResultsA total of 230 patients underwent a urologic procedure; 102 patients received spinal anesthesia and 128 received general anesthesia. Length of surgical time with spinal anesthesia ranged from 4 to 189 minutes. The hospital length of stay was shorter in the spinal anesthesia group (median [IQR] of 5.3 hours [4.3, 7.2]) compared to the general anesthesia group (17.1 hours [15.6, 17.5]).The median bupivacaine dose was 0.75 mg/kg [0.67, 0.85]. There was one case in which cerebral spinal fluid was unable to be obtained, and one case that required conversion to general anesthesia after surgery had started. There were no cases of apnea, bleeding, infection, or neurologic compromise.ConclusionsWe describe the successful implementation of an infant spinal anesthesia and sedation protocol and a technique that uniquely provides prolonged surgical anesthesia with a low failure rate. We also report shorter anesthesia time, surgical time, and recovery room length of stay in patients who received spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia.
Metastatic Crohn's disease in a boy presenting with genital swelling
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Bodapati Sarath , Mortimore Rohan , Davies Janene , Wheller Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCutaneous manifestations of Crohn's disease are uncommon and occasionally can affect the genitals with varying symptomatology. When cutaneous features precede or occur in the absence of GI symptoms, this condition may remain undiagnosed. We report the case of a 14‐year‐old boy who presented for evaluation of persistent penile edema with clinicopathological features consistent with a diagnosis of genital metastatic Crohn's disease, successfully treated with infliximab.
Romantic relationship distress, gender, socioeconomic status, and inflammation: A preregistered report
Authors: Jaremka Lisa M. , Kane Heidi S. , Sunami Naoyuki , Lebed Olga , Austin Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoor quality romantic relationships increase risk for health problems; elevated systemic inflammation is one promising underlying mechanism. This registered report utilized data from three publicly available data sets with large sample sizes (Add Health, MIDUS, NSHAP) to test this possibility. An internal meta‐analysis across all three studies determined that romantic relationship distress was unrelated to inflammation (assessed via C‐reactive protein levels). In addition, this link was not moderated by gender, socioeconomic status (SES), or the combination of gender and SES.
Adam Marushak on the hypothetical given
Authors: Gupta Anil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdam Marushak raises a dilemma for the proponents of the hypothetical given. On one of its horns, the proponents are said to be committed to rationalism; and on the other horn, to skepticism. I argue, in response, that even if we grant that the arguments of both horns are sound, the commitments incurred are light and unproblematic. I argue also that the dilemma is based on a reading of the hypothetical that, though valuable, needs to be refined in light of certain distinctions. These distinctions concern the different support relations that can obtain between beliefs are various elements of a view.
TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA Nanocomposite as a Photosensitizer with Targeting Ability for Photocatalytic Killing MCF‐7 Cells in Vitro and its Mechanism Exploration
Authors: Huilan Zhang , Juan Wang , Wen Zhang , Dong Han , Aiping Zhang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the paper, a composite TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA was prepared using the coupling method which is a folic acid‐targeted silica‐coated titanium dioxide. Their structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential method. The results showed that the average diameter of the prepared TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA composite is 18 nm, which is spherical. Compared with unmodified TiO2, TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA composite had superior water solubility and dispersion, and enhanced its photokilling activity by folic acid‐targeted to FR (+) cells. In addition, photocatalytic TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase of MCF‐7 cells, resulting in a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and also made the apoptosis rate, ROS components and intracellular calcium concentration increased. It killed the MCF‐7 cells through apoptosis pathway. These results for the TiO2/SiO2‐NHOC‐FA composite can provide a theoretical basis for the photodynamic development of TiO2.