bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid quantitative estimation of metformin and ertugliflozin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandam mass spectroscopy and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Rao P Venkateswarao , Rao A Lakshmana , Prasad SVUM 
Published: January 2021

Background
The development of sound bioanalytical liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) method(s) is of paramount importance during the process of drug discovery and development, eventually culminating in marketing approval. The use of oral antidiabetic agents has been increased significantly from past decades, and till now, no bioanalytical method is available for quantitation of metformin (MET) and ertugliflozin (ERT) in the biological matrix that can be applied in bioequivalence studies using LC-MS/MS.

Objective
To study the use of highly responsive simple liquid–liquid extraction method development using deuterated MET and deuterated ERT, LC-MS/MS method for gradation of MET and ERT in the rat plasma.

Materials and methods
The chromatographic condition involves isocratic mode using Waters XBridge C18 3.5 μ (150×4.6 mm) column. Mobile phase was 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 80 : 20 v/v. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrapole MS employing electrospray ionization technique, operating multiple reactions, monitoring with the transitions of m/z 258.2→174.1, m/z 250.1→210.2, m/z 258.2→174.1, and m/z 260.3→210.2 for MET, ERT, deuterated MET, and deuterated ERT, respectively, in the positive ion mode.

Results and conclusion
The method has been validated, and the linearity was observed in the range of 10–150 ng/ml and 0.1–1.5 ng/ml for MET and ERT, respectively. For intraday and interday %RSD, the values were found to be within the acceptable limits. Recovery studies for MET and ERT obtained, mean recovery of 99.5 and 98.6%, respectively. A battery of stability studies like bench-top stability, autosampler stability, freeze-thaw stability, and long-term stability were performed. Highly responsive simple LC-tandem MS assay method was developed and witnessed for the gradation of MET and ERT in the rat plasma; the developed method was applied to pharmacokinetic studies.
Remineralization Effect of Diode Laser, Nanoseal®, and Zamzam Water on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions Induced Around Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Hosny Elkabbany Sara Mohamed , Mosleh Asmaa A. , Metwally Noha I. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization effect of laser, Nanoseal®, and Zamzam water on initial enamel carious lesions of premolar induced around orthodontic brackets.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 premolars divided randomly into four groups were submitted to three phases: (1) placement of orthodontic brackets; (2) demineralizing solution; and (3) remineralization (Group L; teeth were irradiated with 980 nm diode laser for 30 s, Group N; Nanoseal® was applied to teeth according to manufacturer's instructions, Group Z; teeth were immersed in Zamzam water for 3 days then rinsed with deionized water, and Group C; control with no treatment). In each phase, elemental analysis (calcium and phosphorus) was measured using a scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The data were tested using the Bonferroni test and Tukey's test.

Results:
There was a decrease in calcium ion content in Groups C and L in the third phase (−1.62% and − 0.1%, respectively) than the first one. On the other hand, an increase in calcium ion was shown in Groups Z and N (1.1 and 1.6%, respectively). An increase in phosphorus ion was obvious in all experimental groups ranging from 0.6% to 3.7%, with Group N having the highest increase of phosphorus ion from the first to the third phase.

Conclusions:
Using Nanoseal® and Zamzam water proved to be better than a diode laser for the treatment of initial carious lesions. The use of diode laser helps to remineralize enamel but in a lower percentage than other tested agents.
Readmission Rates of Heart Failure and Their Associated Risk Factors in a Tertiary Academic Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldihan Dalal A. , Alghafees Mohammad A. , Alharbi Rana O. , Allahidan Raghad S. , AlOmar Razan H. , Alenazi Areej F. , Suliman Ihab F. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Readmissions remain a persistent challenge in the care process of heart failure (HF). This study aimed to assess the 30 and 90-day readmission rates of HF and the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study targeted adult patients admitted for HF to King Abdulaziz Medical City between January 2016 and December 2018. The primary outcome variables were 30- and 90-day readmissions. Descriptive statistics were used for the continuous variables, which displayed the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. The binary logistic regression technique was used to investigate risk factors for 30- and 90-day readmissions.

Results:
The 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 39.6% and 37.6%, respectively. Hypertension (P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.03), hypothyroidism (P = 0.04), and pulmonary diseases (P < 0.001) were all deemed as risk factors for readmission within 30 days. Body mass index (P = 0.03), dyslipidemia (P = 0.04), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.03), arrhythmias (P = 0.007), and pulmonary diseases (P < 0.001) were all deemed as significant predictors of readmission within 90 days.

Conclusion:
The 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 39.6% and 37.6%, respectively. Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, and pulmonary diseases were significant predictors for 30-day readmission. Body mass index, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, arrhythmias, and pulmonary diseases were significant predictors for 90-day readmissions. These predictors must be taken into consideration to develop strategies to reduce readmission rates and mitigate a burden on health-care resources and patients' morbidity.
Cuba terre d’asile : Camila Henríquez Ureña ou la contribution d’une Dominicaine au féminisme cubain
Authors: MOREAU-LEBERT Mélanie 
Published: January 2021

En 1994, le « Programme d'études sur les femmes » de la Casa de las Americas, dirigé par Luisa Campuzano, voit le jour à Cuba, et devient certainement le plus grand espace de réflexion sur le féminisme et les questions de genre depuis le triomphe de la Révolution. Cette même année, on célébrait le centenaire de la naissance d'une femme qui, si elle n'est pas née à Cuba, a laissé une forte empreinte, en tant qu'intellectuelle, éducatrice, écrivaine et surtout en tant que penseuse du féminisme : Camila Henríquez Ureña.
Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Ginjal dengan menggunakan Algoritma Bayes
Authors: Khoironi  , Abdul Rosyid  , Muhammad Azmi  
Published: January 2021

Sistem pakar adalah sistem yang berbasis komputer yang menggunakan pengetahuan, fakta dan tehnik penalaran dalam memecahkan masalah yang biasanya hanya dapat dipecahkan oleh seorang pakar dalam bidang tertentu. Sistem pakar memberikan nilai tambah pada teknologi untuk membantu dalam menangani era informasi yang makin canggih. Aplikasi sistem pakar ini menghasilkan keluaran berupa kemungkinan penyakit ginjal yang diderita berdasarkan gejala yang dirasakan oleh user. Sistem ini menggunakan metode Bayes.
Sistem akan mencari nilai probabilitas tertinggi, dari berbagai kemungkinan jenis penyakit berdasarkan gejala yang dimasukkan user dan hasilnya ditampilkan kepada user. Sistem pakar untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ginjal ini menghasilkan keputusan penentuan jenis penyakit berdasarkan gejala yang dipilih user. Nilai Bayes yang mungkin dihasilkan adalah antara 0 sampai 1. Jika nilai Bayes yang dihasilkan semakin mendekati 1, maka semakin tinggi kepastian terkena penyakit terkait. Sebaliknya, jika nilai Bayes yang dihasilkan semakin mendekati 0, maka semakin rendah kepastian terkena penyakit terkait.
A Docência em um contexto de violência: reflexões sobre o trabalho do socioeducador
Authors: Brito José Ruthenho Rodrigues de 
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho trata objetivamente, com a preocupação fundamental da docência e a questão da violência urbana no cotidiano. Partindo desse princípio, vai buscar nos teórico aqui abordados, respostas para questões levantadas a rigor. Saber dos procedimentos aplicados na recuperação do adolescente ou jovem envolvido com essa violência, se as medidas socioeducativas aplicadas pelo Estado, são capazes de reintegrá-lo à sociedade.Verificar quando dessa passagem, o jovem é devolvido totalmente recuperado, sob a visão do socioeducador e seu papel dentro desse processo de ressocialização. Buscando também identificar as dificuldades encontradas pelo socioeducador em suas práticas pedagógicas e como é realizado o ensino regular junto aos jovens em conflito com a lei e a avaliação na qual é pontuado o socioeducador. Por fim, interpretar à luz dos documentos oficiais se o atendimento oferecido aos jovens internos está de acordo com os direitos da criança e do adolescente e de acordo com os Direitos Humanos
Equity in Health Benefit Utilization and Financial Risk Protection in Outpatient and Inpatient Care: Baseline Survey of Two Socioeconomic Groups of a Pilot Primary Care Benefits Scheme in the Catchment Areas of a University-Based Health Facility
Authors: Marfori Jose Rafael A. , Dans Antonio Miguel L. , Bastillo Mica Olivine C. , Paterno Ramon Pedro P. , Rey Mia P. , Catabui Jesusa T. , Co Edna Estifania A. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Health inequities in the Philippines are driven by health workforce maldistribution and health system fragmentation. These can be addressed by strengthening primary care through central social health insurance (PhilHealth) coverage. However, high reported PhilHealth population coverage and health provider accreditation have not necessarily increased health benefit utilization or financial risk protection.
Objective. This study aims to examine the impact of an enhanced, comprehensive primary care benefits package at a university-based health facility. This paper reports baseline utilization of health services and health benefits, and out-of-pocket health spending in two socioeconomic strata of the catchment population, for outpatient and inpatient services.
Methods. A questionnaire-guided survey was done among randomly selected faculty (higher income group) and non-faculty (lower income group) employees to determine the frequencies and costs of using outpatient and inpatient health services, and amounts paid out-of-pocket.
Results. Annually, both groups had approximately 1 consultation/patient and about 15 hospitalizations per 100 families annually. For hospitalizations, non-faculty inpatients utilized health insurance more frequently than faculty inpatients (75.7% vs. 66.7%), but paid higher out-of-pocket proportions (73.3% or Php 92,479/hospitalization vs. 57.4% or Php 16,273/hospitalization). For outpatient care, health benefit utilization rates were higher among non-faculty (12.4% vs 2.1% of consultations) although low overall, with similar total (Php 2,319 vs Php 1,741) and out-of-pocket expenses (100%).
Conclusion. These findings confirm inequities in accessing outpatient and inpatient health services and utilizing health insurance benefits in the target population.
Visual Outcomes and Intraoperative Complication Rates of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery by Third Year Ophthalmology Residents in the UP-Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Kho Richard C. , Villano Maria Angelica DF. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Phacoemulsification is the most important cataract surgical procedure performed by ophthalmology residents. There is an increasing and consistent trend in international studies on decreased complication rates and more efficient surgical techniques with more surgeries performed. The data collected from this study can be used to quantitatively assess the cataract surgery training of Ophthalmology residents in the country and can help to improve the quality of cataract surgeries taught and performed in the training programs.
Objectives. To analyze outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgeries and to determine the intraoperative complication rates of third-year residents of the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH).
Methods. Retrospective chart review of phacoemulsification cases done by eight third-year ophthalmology residents at the UP-PGH from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Outcomes measured included postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraoperative complications (posterior capsular rent and vitreous loss), and adjusted phacoemulsification times (total phacoemulsification time multiplied by phacoemulsification power used).
Results. Four hundred ninety-two (492) cases were analyzed. Postoperative mean BCVA was 20/25. There were no significant differences in visual acuity outcomes over the course of training. Intraoperative complications occurred in 33 cases, with fewer cases with posterior capsule rent and vitreous loss later in training after the first 50 cases. There was a downward trend of adjusted phacoemulsification time throughout training, with a significant difference between the first 50 and 100 cases.
Conclusion. Good visual outcomes are achievable throughout the resident’s phacoemulsification learning curve. Surgical competency in phacoemulsification, as measured by complication rates and phacoemulsification efficiency, still improves significantly with an increasing number of cases and experience beyond the first 100 cases.
Optimizing Reduction Pruning of Trees Under Electrical Lines: The Influence of Intensity and Season of Pruning on Epicormic Branch Growth and Wound Compartmentalization
Authors: Perrette Guillaume , Delagrange Sylvain , Messier Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReduction pruning of the main stem is commonly used during the maintenance of power lines to encourage the establishment and development of scaffold limbs away from wires. Understanding the physiology of epicormic branch initiation and growth as well as wound compartmentalization following reduction pruning are important for optimizing the pruning cycle and maintaining healthy and safe trees. In this study, the influence of both intensity and time of year of pruning on epicormic branch response and wound compartmentalization was investigated on 56 11-year-old Pennsylvania ash trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarsh.) about 5 to 7 m in height within a controlled nursery environment. During the second growing season following reduction of the main stem, the number, height, and volume of epicormic branches, as well as tallest epicormic branches and the area of discolored wood, increased with pruning intensity. Pruning during the leaf-on season compared to the leaf-off season limited the establishment and development of epicormic branches without affecting wound-closure rate or the area of wood discoloration at the cutting point. Results are consistent with the known seasonal fluctuation of carbohydrates reserves. In the context of the electrical distribution network, where trees are subjected to pruning throughout the year, trees pruned in summer during a maintenance cycle could be pruned during the next cycle, in winter, and so on, to optimize the return interval of the pruning cycle.
EDUCAÇÃO BILÍNGUE MEDIANTE PRÁTICAS DA LITERATURA SURDA PARA ASCENDÊNCIA E VALORIZAÇÃO CULTURAL E IDENTITÁRIA
Authors: PIN Aline Keryn , SILVEIRA Joicemara Severo 
Published: January 2021

Das inúmeras nuances da educação bilíngue e do contexto Literário, enfatizam-se as pesquisas sobre a Literatura Surda ao longo dos últimos anos. Resultado este da identificação e autoafirmação do povo surdo que busca na divulgação da Literatura Surda a disseminação de suas formas de experimentações visuais. O presente artigo aborda a educação bilíngue mediante práticas desta literatura contribuindo para o processo de valorização da cultura e Identidade Surda mediante representações literárias produzidas por este sujeito. Para tanto, as pesquisas das autoras Karnopp (2008; 2010), Quadros e Sutton-Spence (2006) e Strobel (2009) são indispensáveis na fundamentação teórica deste escrito, pois, retratam o que há de mais avançado no campo teórico das experiências sensoriais da pessoa surda. Assim, a pesquisa desenvolvida busca contribuir para o enriquecimento do conhecimento dos alunos surdos sobre seu povo, sua cultura e construção identitária.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY ECTASIA COMPARED WITH STENOTIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Habib Aatika , Farhan Shaheer , Khalil Hafsa , Akbar Muhammad Kamran , Samore Naseer Ahmad , Janjua Anam Fatima , Naseem Shaista 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study the prevalence of coronary artery ectasia in the population of patients referred for coronary angiography. To describe clinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery ectasia, analyzing presentation and cardiovascular risk. To compare clinical and angiographic variables in patients with and without coronary artery ectasia.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Adult cardiology department in Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/NIHD, Rawalpindi, 6 months duration after approval of synopsis i.e. Oct 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: After meeting the inclusion criteria 300 patients were enrolled. Patients admitted in AFIC/NIHD with chest pain, ST-elevation MI, Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina were enrolled. Coronary angiogram was done by cardiologist. Two distinct cardiologists or resident cardiologists reported the angiograms including the coronary artery anatomy and the presence of ectatic segments or any stenotic lesions in each vessel. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean patients was 58.23 ± 11.73 years. The male to female ratio was 14:1. Coronary artery ectasia was detected in 53 (17.7%) patients of coronary angiography. Stenotic coronary artery disease was detected more commonly in patients having factors like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia but specifically among smokers, ectatic segments were detected higher.
Conclusion: Compared to coronary artery disease, coronary ectasia occurred more in smokers and less in diabetes.
SHORT TERM AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF LEFT MAIN PCI AT AFIC-NIHD
Authors: Rehmat Samra , Iqbal Tahir , Farhan Shaheer , Samin Ariz , Khan Sajid , Kalil Hafsa , Bukhari Jasia , Safi Shoaib 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study the short-term and long-term outcomes of left main angioplasty at AFIC-NIHD.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease (AFIC/NIHD) in 2018.
Methodology: All cases of left main angioplasty done in 2018 were included in the study. The patients were followed up in clinic or on telephone and mortality (in-hospital, 30 days) outcomes and survival duration were recorded. Kaplan Meier curves were generated to show the survival difference between those who underwent primary or elective LMPCI and survival difference between patients based on extent of coronary artery disease.
Results: A total of 73 patients underwent elective or primary left main angioplasty. The extent of coronary artery disease was: single vessel coronary artery disease (26%), double vessel coronary artery disease (37%), and three vessel coronary artery disease (37%). Thirteen patients (17.8%) had primary left main angioplasty, and 60 patients (82.2%) had elective left main angioplasty. Intravascular ultrasound was performed in only 3 patients. The mean duration of follow up was 395 days. A total of 6 (8.2%) patients died. Three patients died in-hospital, another 2 within the first 30 days, and the remaining beyond 30 days. Two of the dead patients had double vessel coronary artery disease, and 4 had three vessel coronary artery disease. The survival difference between the primary vs elective groups was insignificant (Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) (p=0.27). The survival difference between the 3 groups with different extent of coronary artery disease was insignificant (p=0.15).
Conclusion: Left main PCI is a safe procedure with acceptable outcomes. Patients with more severe coronary artery disease tend to fare worse.
COMPARISON OF INCIDENCE OF STERNAL WOUND DEHISCENCE AFTER SIMPLE INTERRUPTED STERNAL CLOSURE VS FIGURE-OF-EIGHT STERNAL CLOSURE IN PATIENTS OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Khan Naser Ali , Zamir Ali Gohar , Javaid Rehana 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the incidence of sternal wound dehiscence between simple interrupted vs. figure-of-eight sternal closure techniques for median sternotomy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Study Design: Comparative prospective, randomized control trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi, from Apr to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 206 patients were included in study. These patients were divided into two groups; group “A”: cases which will undergo simple interrupted sternal wire closure technique (n1=103). Group “B”: cases which will undergo figure-of-eight sternal wire closure technique (n2 = 103).
Results: There were no statistical difference in the pre-operative data of the patients. The incidence of sternal wound dehiscence in simple interrupted closure was 6.79% while in figure of eight closure technique it was noted to be 1.94%. A statistically significant difference was noted in both the closure technique (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Figure-of-eight sternal wire closure technique provides better strength and stability to sternum along with reduced incidence of sternal wound dehiscence as compare to simple interrupted wire closure.