bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Designed Niobium Titanium Oxide Anode for Fast Charging Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Tian Te , Lu Lei‐Lei , Yin Yi‐Chen , Li Feng , Zhang Tian‐Wen , Song Yong‐Hui , Tan Yi‐Hong , Yao Hong‐Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFast charging of lithium ion batteries is essential for next‐generation energy‐storage systems. However, the poor ionic and electronic transport of anodes with its rather high mass loading limits the practical applications of this technology. Herein, a multiscale design from niobium titanium oxide anode material to electrode structure is proposed for fast charging lithium ion batteries with a practical level of areal capacity (3 mAh cm−2). At the atomic scale, the introduction of oxygen vacancy and surface carbon coating enables niobium titanium oxide (TiNb2O7−x@C) to possess excellent ionic and electronic conductivity. For the microscopic electrode structure, 1D TiNb2O7−x@C fibers are tightly assembled to form a high‐speed transport network of ions and electrons throughout the electrode. As a result, the obtained TiNb2O7−x@C electrode shows excellent rate capability (1.83 mAh cm−2 at 1 C) and cycling stability under an areal capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 (2.35 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) in half‐cells. Significantly, a full‐cell coupled with practical level mass loading of lithium cobalt oxide cathode is demonstrated to deliver 1.55 mAh cm−2 at 3 C for the first time.
Superwetting Shape Memory Microstructure: Smart Wetting Control and Practical Application
Authors: Cheng Zhongjun , Zhang Dongjie , Luo Xin , Lai Hua , Liu Yuyan , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmart control of wettability on superwetting surfaces has aroused much attention in the past few years. Compared with traditional strategies such as adjusting the surface chemistry, regulating the surface microstructure is more difficult, though it can bring lots of new functions. Recently, it was found that, based on the shape memory effect of a shape memory polymer, the surface microstructure can be controlled more easily and precisely. Here, recent developments in the smart control of wettability on superwetting shape memory microstructures and corresponding applications are summarized. The primary concern is the superhydrophobic surfaces that have demonstrated numerous attractive functions, including controllable droplet storage, transportation, bouncing, capture/release, and reprogrammable gradient wetting, under variation of the surface microstructure. Finally, some achievements in wetting control on other superwetting surfaces (such as superomniphobic surfaces and superslippery surfaces) and perspectives on future research directions are also discussed.
Nanomedicine Approaches to Negotiate Local Biobarriers for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Mustfa Salman Ahmad , Maurizi Eleonora , McGrath John , Chiappini Ciro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTopical treatments have been widely adopted to address a broad range of conditions across multiple sites thanks to their convenience, versatility, and effectiveness. While bypassing systemic biobarriers and avoiding systemic side effects by delivering directly to the target tissue, topical treatments still face significant local biobarriers that limit their efficacy. The toolset available for nanodelivery systems and their inherent multifunctionality can contribute to simultaneously address otherwise intractable challenges related to barrier function evasion, drug solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, smart and sustained release, quantitative co‐delivery, and local targeting which are key to successful topical treatments. This review summarizes the outstanding challenges associated with the topical treatments of key diseases of the skin, mucosae, eyes, and ears, and highlights how nanodelivery systems are being developed to address them effectively.
Photodynamic Pattern Memory Surfaces with Responsive Wrinkled and Fluorescent Patterns
Authors: Chen Shuai , Ma Tianjiao , Bai Jing , Ma Xiaodong , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReversible pattern systems, namely pattern memory surfaces, possessing tunable morphology play an important role in the development of smart materials; however, the construction of these surfaces is still extensively challenging because of complicated methodologies or chemical reactions. Herein, a functionalized basement is strategically integrated with a multi‐responsive supramolecular network based on hydrogen bonding between aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and copolymers containing amidogen (poly(St‐co‐Dm) to establish a bilayer system for near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven memory dual‐pattern, where both the fluorescence emission and wrinkled structures can be concurrently regulated by a noninvasive NIR input. The motion of the AIEgens and photo‐to‐thermal expansion of the modified base allow temporal erasing of the fluorescent wrinkling patterns. Meanwhile, when exposed to 365 nm UV radiation, the fluorescent patterns can be independently regulated through photocyclization. The fluorescent wrinkling pattern presented herein is successfully demonstrated to promote the level of information security and capacity. This strategy provides a brand‐new approach for the development of smart memory interfaces.
Visualizing and understanding inherent features in SD‐OCT for the progression of age‐related macular degeneration using deconvolutional neural networks
Authors: Saha Sajib , Wang Ziyuan , Sadda Srinivas , Kanagasingam Yogesan , Hu Zhihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo develop a convolutional neural network visualization strategy so that optical coherence tomography (OCT) features contributing to the evolution of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) can be better determined. We have trained a U‐Net model to utilize baseline OCT to predict the progression of geographic atrophy (GA), a late stage manifestation of AMD. We have augmented the U‐Net architecture by attaching deconvolutional neural networks (deconvnets). Deconvnets produce the reconstructed feature maps and provide an indication regarding the inherent baseline OCT features contributing to GA progression. Experiments were conducted on longitudinal spectral domain (SD)‐OCT and fundus autofluorescence images collected from 70 eyes with GA. The intensity of Bruch's membrane‐outer choroid (BMChoroid) retinal junction exhibited a relative importance of 24%, in the GA progression. The intensity of the inner retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and BM junction (InRPEBM) showed a relative importance of 22%. BMChoroid (where the AMD feature/damage of choriocapillaris was included) followed by InRPEBM (where the AMD feature/damage of RPE was included) are the layers which appear to be most relevant in predicting the progression of AMD.
Strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination in a Mediterranean population of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zacchello Giulia , Vinyeta Mariona , Ågren Jon 
Published: October 2020

PremiseTiming of germination can strongly influence plant fitness by affecting seedling survival and by having cascading effects on later life‐history traits. In seasonal environments, the period favorable for seedling establishment and growth is limited, and timing of germination is likely to be under stabilizing selection because of conflicting selection through survival and fecundity. Moreover, optimal germination time may vary among genotypes because of inherent differences in later life‐history traits.MethodsTo examine how germination time affects survival, fecundity, and the relative fitness of two genotypes differing in time to first flower, we conducted a field experiment in an Italian population of the winter annual Arabidopsis thaliana, in which seedling establishment occurs mainly in November. We transplanted seedlings of the local genotype and of a Swedish genotype monthly from August to December and monitored survival and fecundity.ResultsOnly seedlings transplanted in November and December survived until reproduction, and fitness of the November cohort was 35 times higher than that of the December cohort, indicating strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination. There was no evidence of conflicting selection: seedling survival, adult survival, and fecundity were all highest in the November cohort. Moreover, the relative fitness of the two genotypes did not differ significantly between cohorts.ConclusionsThe very narrow window of opportunity for seedling establishment was related to rapid seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature, suggesting that rate of seasonal change is an important aspect to consider for understanding spatiotemporal variation in selection on phenological traits.
Epilepsy and movement disorders in CDG: Report on the oldest‐known MOGS‐CDG patient
Authors: Lo Barco Tommaso , Osanni Elisa , Bordugo Andrea , Rodella Giulia , Iascone Maria , Tenconi Romano , Barone Rita , Dalla Bernardina Bernardo , Cantalupo Gaetano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCongenital glycosylation disorders (CDG) are inherited metabolic diseases due to defective glycoprotein and glycolipid glycan assembly and attachment. MOGS‐CDG is a rare disorder with seven patients from five families reported worldwide. We report on a 19‐year‐old girl with MOGS‐CDG. At birth she presented facial dysmorphism, marked hypotonia, and drug‐resistant tonic seizures. In the following months, her motility was strongly limited by dystonia, with forced posture of the head and of both hands. She showed a peculiar hyperkinetic movement disorder with a rhythmic and repetitive pattern repeatedly documented on EEG‐polygraphy recordings. Brain MRI showed progressive cortical and subcortical atrophy. Epileptic spasms appeared in first months and ceased by the age of 7 years, while tonic seizures were still present at last assessment (19 years). We report the oldest‐known MOGS‐CDG patient and broaden the neurological phenotype of this CDG.
Advantage and validation of vendor‐independent software for myocardial strain analysis compared to vendor‐specific software
Authors: Chamberlain Robert , Shiino Kenji , Scalia Gregory M. , Sabapathy Surendran , Chan Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionOne of the main limitations incorporating strain imaging into widespread clinical practice is inter‐vendor incompatibility. This poses a problem when serial strain measurements are required in a multi‐vendor echocardiography laboratory.MethodsThis study sought to compare the variability of two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking global and regional longitudinal strain using vendor‐specific software and vendor‐independent software from images acquired by two different commercially available ultrasound systems. Forty subjects underwent two sequential echocardiographic acquisitions using different ultrasound systems (GE Vivid E9 and Philips iE33). Global longitudinal strain and regional peak longitudinal strain were derived using vendor‐specific software (EchoPAC BT 13 v201 and QLAB version 10.3) and vendor‐independent software (TomTec Image Arena version 4.6). Agreement and reproducibility of global and regional strain between vendor‐specific and vendor‐independent software were assessed by independent blinded observers.ResultsGlobal longitudinal strain derived from vendor‐independent software was comparable to global longitudinal strain derived from vendor‐specific software, whilst regional strain was lower in agreement compared to global longitudinal strain. There was good overall agreement and high inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility using vendor‐independent software for global longitudinal strain and regional strain.ConclusionsVendor‐independent software provides good agreement with vendor‐specific software for global longitudinal strain. However, minor variability exists for regional strain measurements between vendor‐independent and vendor‐specific software. Good agreement of strain measurements derived by vendor‐independent software suggests vendor‐independent software could potentially be useful for serial follow‐up of global longitudinal strain.
Engineered Coatings via the Assembly of Amino‐Quinone Networks
Authors: Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Richardson Joseph J. , He Ai , Zheng Tian , Lafleur René P. M. , Li Jianhua , Qiu Wen‐Ze , Furtado Denzil , Pan Shuaijun , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Wan Ling‐Shu , Caruso Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEngineering coatings with precise physicochemical properties allows for control over the interface of a material and its interactions with the surrounding environment. However, assembling coatings with well‐defined properties on different material classes remains a challenge. Herein, we report a co‐assembly strategy to precisely control the structure and properties (e.g., thickness, adhesion, wettability, and zeta potential) of coatings on various materials (27 substrates examined) using quinone and polyamine building blocks. By increasing the length of the amine building blocks from small molecule diamines to branched amine polymers, we tune the properties of the films, including the thickness (from ca. 5 to ca. 50 nm), interfacial adhesion (0.05 to 5.54 nN), water contact angle (130 to 40°), and zeta potential (−42 to 28 mV). The films can be post‐functionalized through the in situ formation of diverse nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanocrystals. Our approach provides a platform for the rational design of engineered, substrate‐independent coatings for various applications.
Herstellung von Boranaloga von Enaminen über Hydroaminierung einer Bor‐Bor‐Dreifachbindung
Authors: Brückner Tobias , Heß Merlin , Stennett Tom E. , Rempel Anna , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEin durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene stabilisiertes Diborin geht bei Umsetzung mit primären Aminen schnelle, katalysatorfreie Hydroaminierungsreaktionen in hohen Ausbeuten ein. Die erhaltenen 1‐Amino‐2‐hydrodiborene können als Boranaloga von Enaminen beschrieben werden. Die elektronischen Eigenschaften der organischen Substituenten der Stickstoffatome beeinflussen die Struktur und die Folgereaktivität der Diborene. Mit elektronenreichen Anilinderivaten besteht die Möglichkeit einer zweiten Hydroaminierung, wodurch 1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dihydrodiborane gebildet werden. Der elektronische Einfluss des Alkylsubsituenten von Isopropylamin führt nach Bildung des Diborens zu einer unerwarteten borvermittelten intramolekularen N‐Dearylierung einer Carbeneinheit.
Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Wei Bang‐Yi , Xie Dong‐Tai , Lai Sheng‐Qiang , Jiang Yu , Fu Hong , Wei Dian , Han Bing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work represents the first [4+2] annulation of hydroxamic acids with olefins for the synthesis of benzo[c][1,2]oxazines scaffold via anode‐selective electrochemical oxidation. This protocol features mild conditions, is oxidant free, shows high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope of both alkenes and hydroxamic acids, and is compatible with terpenes, peptides, and steroids. Significantly, the dioxygenation of olefins employing hydroxamic acid is also successfully achieved by switching the anode material under the same reaction conditions. The study not only reveals a new reactivity of hydroxamic acids and its first application in electrosynthesis but also provides a successful example of anode material‐tuned product selectivity.
A Stable N‐Heterocyclic Silylene with a 1,1′‐Ferrocenediyl Backbone
Authors: Weyer Nadine , Heinz Myron , Schweizer Julia I. , Bruhn Clemens , Holthausen Max C. , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic silylene [{Fe(η5‐C5H4‐NDipp)2}Si] (1DippSi, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) shows an excellent combination of pronounced thermal stability and high reactivity towards small molecules. It reacts readily with CO2 and N2O, respectively affording (1DippSiO2)2C and (1DippSiO)2 as follow‐up products of the silanone 1DippSiO. Its reactions with H2O, NH3, and FcPH2 (Fc=ferrocenyl) furnish the respective oxidative addition products 1DippSi(H)X (X=OH, NH2, PHFc). Its reaction with H3BNH3 unexpectedly results in B−H, instead of N−H, bond activation, affording 1DippSi(H)(BH2NH3). DFT results suggest that dramatically different mechanisms are operative for these H−X insertions.
Catalysis with Palladium(I) Dimers
Authors: Fricke Christoph , Sperger Theresa , Mendel Marvin , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDinuclear PdIcomplexes have found widespread applications as diverse catalysts for a multitude of transformations. Initially their ability to function as pre‐catalysts for low‐coordinated Pd0species was harnessed in cross‐coupling. Such PdIdimers are inherently labile and relatively sensitive to oxygen. In recent years, more stable dinuclear PdI−PdIframeworks, which feature bench‐stability and robustness towards nucleophiles as well as recoverability in reactions, were explored and shown to trigger privileged reactivities via dinuclear catalysis. This includes the predictable and substrate‐independent, selective C−C and C−heteroatom bond formations of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes as well as couplings of arenes with relatively weak nucleophiles, which would not engage in Pd0/PdIIcatalysis. This Minireview highlights the use of dinuclear PdI complexes as both pre‐catalysts for the formation of highly active Pd0and PdII−H species as well as direct dinuclear catalysts. Focus is set on the mechanistic intricacies, the speciation and the impacts on reactivity.
A Coplanar π‐Extended Quinoxaline Based Hole‐Transporting Material Enabling over 21 % Efficiency for Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Huanxin , Zhang Hao , Shen Chao , Zhang Diwei , Liu Shuaijun , Wu Yongzhen , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping dopant‐free hole transporting materials (HTMs) is of vital importance for addressing the notorious stability issue of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, efficient dopant‐free HTMs are scarce. Herein, we improve the performance of dopant‐free HTMs featuring with a quinoxaline core via rational π‐extension. Upon incorporating rotatable or chemically fixed thienyl substitutes on the pyrazine ring, the resulting molecular HTMs TQ3 and TQ4 show completely different molecular arrangement as well as charge transporting capabilities. Comparing with TQ3, the coplanar π‐extended quinoxaline based TQ4 endows enriched intermolecular interactions and stronger π–π stacking, thus achieving a higher hole mobility of 2.08×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. It also shows matched energy levels and high thermal stability for application in PSCs. Planar n‐i‐p structured PSCs employing dopant‐free TQ4 as HTM exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 21 % with excellent long‐term stability.
Impact of renewable carbon on the properties of composites made by using three types of polymers having different polarity
Authors: Rodriguez‐Uribe Arturo , Snowdon Michael R. , Abdelwahab Mohamed A. , Codou Amandine , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPine wood derived biocarbon (BioC) is investigated as a renewable alternative to carbon black (CB) for plastics and composites applications. Three different polymers with different polarity were used to prepare the composites: polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyamide 6 (PA6). Comparatively, CB had a nodule size of ~300 nm and surface area of 8 m2/g, whereas BioC showed an average particle size of ~950 nm and surface area of ~260 m2/g, respectively. CB, in the composites, was found in large aggregations in the flow direction (FD), while BioC particles showed a better dispersion. Aggregation of CB affected mostly the mechanical strength of the composites. Furthermore, it was found that the overall performance of composites was influenced more by the polarity of the phases, rather than the particle size or the surface area of the fillers. Even when the polarity of the particles had an expected trend (PA6 > PLA > PP with BioC > CB), the work of cohesion obtained for the composites was PA6‐BioC > PP‐BioC > PLA‐BioC, showing, in particular, that the chain‐to‐chain intermolecular forces in neat PLA are stronger as compared to those developed by the particle‐matrix interactions.
Manipulating bond exchange rates in vitrimer‐hexagonal boron nitride nanohybrids via heat capacity enhancement
Authors: Goh Munju , Shin Haeun , Kim Chae Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth thermoplastic and thermoset like vitrimers with dynamic covalent networks have been considered to be strong candidates as matrix materials for incorporating fillers to produce strong but also weldable, recyclable, and functional composites with light weight. As the bond exchange kinetics of dynamic covalent networks are a key factor governing macroscopic properties of vitrimers, substantial efforts have been devoted to manipulating the kinetics by synthesizing vitrimers equipped with new bond exchange chemistries. Here, a facile and synthesis‐free approach to increasing the bond exchange rates of a model vitrimer, poly(hexahydrotriazine), is described. It was accomplished by simply incorporating a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) filler. The incorporated hBN effectively accelerated the thermally activated bond exchange reactions as evidenced by reduction in both activation energy and relaxation time.
Development of a dynamic in vitro stretch model of the alveolar interface with aerosol delivery
Authors: Cei Daniele , Doryab Ali , Lenz Anke‐Gabriele , Schröppel Andreas , Mayer Paula , Burgstaller Gerald , Nossa Roberta , Ahluwalia Arti , Schmid Otmar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe the engineering design, computational modeling, and empirical performance of a moving air–liquid interface (MALI) bioreactor for the study of aerosol deposition on cells cultured on an elastic, porous membrane which mimics both air–liquid interface exposure conditions and mechanoelastic motion of lung tissue during breathing. The device consists of two chambers separated by a cell layer cultured on a porous, flexible membrane. The lower (basolateral) chamber is perfused with cell culture medium simulating blood circulation. The upper (apical) chamber representing the air compartment of the lung is interfaced to an aerosol generator and a pressure actuation system. By cycling the pressure in the apical chamber between 0 and 7 kPa, the membrane can mimic the periodic mechanical strain of the alveolar wall. Focusing on the engineering aspects of the system, we show that membrane strain can be monitored by measuring changes in pressure resulting from the movement of media in the basolateral chamber. Moreover, liquid aerosol deposition at a high dose delivery rate (>1 µl cm−2 min−1) is highly efficient (ca. 51.5%) and can be accurately modeled using finite element methods. Finally, we show that lung epithelial cells can be mechanically stimulated under air–liquid interface and stretch‐conditions without loss of viability. The MALI bioreactor could be used to study the effects of aerosol on alveolar cells cultured at the air–liquid interface in a biodynamic environment or for toxicological or therapeutic applications.
Comprehensive review of lower third molar management: A guide for improved informed consent
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Kunisada Yuki , Masui Masanori , Obata Kyoichi , Takeshita Yohei , Sato Kotaro , Kikuta Shogo , Abe Yushi , Matsushita Yuki , Kusukawa Jingo , Tubbs R. Shane , Ibaragi Soichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLower third molar removal is the most commonly performed dental surgical procedure. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that all the informed consent forms given to patients are based on the best evidence as many newer publications could change the conclusions of previous research. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to cover existing meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, and related articles in order to collect data for improved and more current informed consent.