bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and etiology of lower limb injuries in Iranian recreational runners
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Hamed , Hijmans Juha , Minoonejad Hooman , Rajabi Reza , Alizadeh Behrooz , Zwerver Johannes 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Knowledge about prevalence and etiology of running-related injuries (RRIs) is important to tailor an effective RRI prevention program. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and etiology of RRIs in Iranian recreational runners.Methods An internet-based self-developed questionnaire was sent to recreational runners recruited through social media. The questionnaire asked about personal and training characteristics, psychological factors (passion, BERQ-2, RAND-36), SQUASH, sleep, foot type and RRIs over the last six months. Data were analyzed descriptively and using logistic regression.Results Self-reported data from 804 questionnaires were analyzed. Twenty-five potential risk factors for RRIs were investigated. The male-to-female proportion was 57.5:42.5. 54% of runners reported at least one RRI. Patellofemoral pain syndrome was the most-reported injury (19.8%), followed by medial tibial stress syndrome (16.9%). Knee was the most-affected location (44.6%), followed by lower leg (19.2%). The variables associated with RRIs were: overweight (odds ratio (OR):1.77), pes planus (OR:1.81), running over 20 km/week (OR:1.62), hard-surface running (OR:1.38), running company (OR:1.74), following a training program (OR:1.50), obsessive passionate attitude (OR:1.05), RAND-36 (OR:0.96), and sleep quality (OR:1.46). Associated factors for all different RRI types were analyzed too.Conclusions Overweight, running over 20 km/week, hard-surface running, having pes planus or cavus, higher obsessive passion, lower RAND-36, and poor sleep quality were the most predictive risk factors for RRIs types. This study highlighted the importance of psychological factors besides abnormal foot arch and some training-related risk factors for RRIs in Iranian runners. These results may be useful for runners and coaches to tailor effective training programs and to design RRI prevention programs that may help clinicians when managing RRIs.
Motor and postural control in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a blinded, prospective, and controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Niemier Kay , Seidel Wolfram , Kerstin Engel , Emmereich Jan , Wetterling Thomas , Casser Hans-Raimund , Marnitz Ulf , Ulrich Smolenski , Johannes Michaelis , Loudovici-Krug Dana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Motor and postural control dysfunctions are hypothesized to be important for the development and clinical course of chronic, non-specific low back pain (cLBP).Objective To compare the motor and postural control deficiencies (MPCD) between patients with cLBP and healthy controls.Methods Blinded, cross-sectional control study using clinical tests examining motor and postural control between patients and healthy controls.Results We compared the motor and postural control of 46 cLBP patients and 36 healthy controls. Patients with cLBP had significantly more positive pathological tests for movement control (one-leg stance, hip extension, and breathing pattern). No significant differences were observed between groups for tests examining postural control. Patients with cLBP had significantly more trigger points in muscles relevant to postural control.Conclusions Although we found that, in general, cLBP patients have poorer motor and postural control relative to healthy subjects, not all patients showed poor motor and postural control. Therefore, MPCD might only be relevant for a subgroup of patients with cLBP. Targeted diagnostic and treatment settings as well as preventive interventions for this subgroup should be the aim of further studies.
Association of bone mineral density with reoperation rate following instrumented lumbar spinal fusion: a retrospective cohort and case-control study
Authors: Löffler Maximilian Thomas , Loreck Niklas , Sollmann Nico , Kaesmacher Johannes , Zibold Felix , Shiban Ehab , Rienmüller Anna , Vazan Martin , Meyer Bernhard , Ryang Yu-Mi , Kirschke Jan S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) is believed to influence the outcome of instrumented spinal surgery and can lead to reoperation. Purpose of this retrospective cohort and case-control study was to investigate the association of BMD with the risk of reoperation following instrumented lumbar spinal fusion (LSF). Methods For the cohort analysis, 81 patients were included who received LSF with and without polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-augmentation. For the case-control analysis, 18 patients who had reoperation following LSF were matched to 26 patients who did not have reoperation (matching criteria: sex, age ± 5 years, fused levels, and augmentation). Opportunistic BMD screening was performed in perioperative CT scans using asynchronous calibration. Mean BMD was compared between patients with and without reoperation in augmented and non-augmented surgeries. Results In the cohort analysis, prevalence of osteoporosis (BMD < 80 mg/cm³) was 29% in non-augmented and 85% in augmented LSF. Seven of 48 patients with non-augmented (15%) and 4 of 33 patients with augmented LSF (12%) had reoperation. In non-augmented LSF, patients with reoperation had significantly lower BMD than patients without reoperation (p = 0.005). In the case-control analysis, patients with reoperation presented numerically lower BMD of 78.8 ± 33.1 mg/cm³ than patients without reoperation with BMD of 89.4 ± 39.7 mg/cm³ (p = 0.357).Conclusions Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients undergoing LSF is relatively high. Patients with reoperation following LSF showed slightly lower BMD compared to matched patients without reoperation, but the difference was not statistically significant. Opportunistic BMD screening in preoperative CT is feasible and can provide valuable information about osteoporotic bone status.
Improving Obesity Management Training in Family Medicine: Multi-methods evaluation of the 5AsT-MD Pilot Course
Authors: Luig Thea , Wicklum Sonja , Heatherington Melanie , Vu Albert , Cameron Erin , Klein Doug , Sharma Arya M , Campbell-Scherer Denise 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Quality, evidence-based obesity management training for family medicine residents is needed to better support patients. To address this gap, we developed a comprehensive course based on the 5As of Obesity Management™ (ASK, ASSESS, ADVISE, AGREE, ASSIST), a framework and suite of resources to improve residents’ knowledge and confidence in obesity counselling. This study assessed the course’s impact on residents’ attitudes, beliefs, and confidence with obesity counselling.
Methods: The course combines lectures with a bariatric empathy suit experience, standardized and in-clinic patient practice, and narrative reflections. Using a multi-methods design we measured changes in 42 residents’ attitudes, beliefs, and self-confidence and thematically analyzed the narrative reflections to understand residents’ experience with the course content and pedagogy.
Results: Following the course, residents reported improved attitudes towards people living with obesity and improved confidence for obesity counselling. Pre/post improvement in BAOP scores (n=32) were significant (p<.001)., ATOP scores did not change significantly. Residents showed improvement in assessing root causes of weight gain (p<.01), advising patients on treatment options (p<.05), agreeing with patients on health outcomes (p<.05), assisting patients in addressing their barriers (p<.05), counseling patients on weight gain during pregnancy, (p<.05), counseling patients on depression and anxiety (p<.01), counseling patients on iatrogenic causes of weight gain (p<.01), counseling patients who have children with obesity (p<.05), and referring patients to interdisciplinary provider for care (p<.05).
Qualitative analysis of narrative reflections illustrates that experiential learning was crucial in increasing residents’ ability to empathically engage with patients and to critically reflect on implications for their practice.
Conclusion: The 5AsT-MD course has the potential to increase residents’ confidence and competency in obesity prevention and management. Findings reflect the utility of the 5As to improve residents’ confidence and competency in obesity management counselling.
Arthrophytum scopariumExtract Improves Memory Impairment and Affects Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Mice Brain
Authors: Smach Med A. , Hafsa Jawhar , Charfeddine Bassem , Dridi Hedi , Limem Khalifa , Jihene Ben A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin (Amaranthaceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine to treat many disorders such as migraine, headache, and neurological disorders. This study investigates the effect of Arthrophytum scoparium Aqueous Extract (ASAE) on cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by galactose (10%) in a mouse model.Materials and Methods:The mice were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups, including the control group (saline water 9 ‰), Galactose group, Scop group (300 mg/kg/d), and Scop+Gal group (300 mg/kg/d). Mice received the corresponding solutions by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days before the Y-maze active tests. Galactose 10% was given to all groups except control and Scop groups, 30 min before the trial. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase Activity (AChE), Ascorbic Acid (AA), Gluthatione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice brains were examined.Results:Chronic administration of galactose significantly impaired cognitive performance in Y maze, caused marked oxidative damages and a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to other groups. On the contrary, ASAE (300 mg/kg) treatment suppressed galactoseinduced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of GSH and AA. Moreover, ASAE treatment reduced brain AChE activities in the galactose-induced model.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ASAE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and validated by clinical trials.
Ameliorative Role of Green Tea and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Complex Against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Hamza Reham Z. , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Laban Hebatullah , El-Shenawy Nahla S. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objective:This study was designed to estimate the long-term effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles/green tea (ZnONPs/GTE) complex against monosodium glutamate (MSG). The antioxidant/oxidative status, testosterone levels, DNA damage, and histopathological changes of testis were evaluated.Methods:The rats were divided into eight groups that were treated as follows: saline, the lower dosage of MSG (6.0 mg/kg), the higher dosage of MSG (17.5 mg/Kg), GTE, ZnONPs, ZnONPs/GTE and the last two groups were treated with the lower dosage of MSG or the higher dosage of MSG with ZnONPs/GTE complex. The data showed minimal toxicity in testicular tissue after the administration of ZnONPs.Results:The MSG treatment in the adult male rats reduced testosterone levels and disrupted testicular histology, which revealed dose-dependence of MSG. Also, ZnONPs induced testicular dysfunction through the interference of antioxidant/oxidant balance and suppression of testosterone levels as well as induction of cellular damage of testis. The combination of ZnONPs with GTE complex significantly protects against MSG or ZnONPs toxicity by decreasing the DNA damage, oxidative stress, and enhancement of antioxidant as well as histological structure of testis.Conclusion:We could recommend using ZnONPs/GTE complex to reduce the toxicity of ZnONPs and MSG on the testis at the cellular and oxidative stress levels.
Gender and politeness on Instagram
Authors: Sholikhatin Arini Dwi , Indah Rohmani Nur 
Published: December 2019

This study is to identify the positive politeness of responses from male and female in responding to Bill Gates' caption on Instagram. It used a descriptive qualitative approach to explain the kind of positive politeness strategy applied. The data were in the form of positive utterances written by males and females in column comments in Bill Gates Instagram account analysed using Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness. The data were collected on February, 2019, involving positive comments on Instagram. The results showed not all of the fifteen strategies of positive politeness appear. The strategy of noticing or attending to one’s interests and needs ranked the highest for the category of the most often appearing strategy used by males and females. The male’s comments tend to employ the strategy of joking about putting the hearer at ease and strategy of offering, promising. Whereas, the dominant positive politeness strategy used by females are noticing, attending to the hearer’s interests, wants, needs, or goods.
Rotatividade nos cargos de confiança da administração federal brasileira (1999-2013)
Authors: Lopez Felix , Bugarin Maurício , Bugarin Karina 
Published: December 2019

Este texto apresenta e analisa dados sobre a ocupação e rotatividade dos cargos DAS da administração federal brasileira, de 1999 a 2013, em particular as diferenças observadas entre governos, entre áreas de políticas públicas e entre níveis hierárquicos. Para tanto, analisamos as informações de uma base original construída a partir de informações do sistema integrado de administração de recursos humanos da administração federal (Siape). Mostramos que: a) a rotatividade tem momentos de pico, que são os primeiros anos de governo dos presidentes, ao que se sucede uma tendência ao decréscimo nas taxas; b) os cargos mais altos na hierarquia sofrem maior rotatividade, o que contraria a noção préconcebida segundo a qual os cargos de menor hierarquia, por serem mais sujeitos à troca política e distribuição personalista, teriam rotatividade mais intensa; c) se observa maior rotatividade entre os ocupantes de cargos de DAS que não pertencem à carreira do serviço público. Por fim, mostramos haver; d) tendência de rotatividade menor em ministérios responsáveis pela política econômica do governo, se comparados aos ministérios responsáveis pelas políticas sociais. Palavras-chave: administração federal, burocracia, cargo em comissão, rotatividade
Perbandingan Prokrastinasi Administrasi Guru dengan Menggunakan Teknik Critical Incident di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta
Authors: Mayasari Mayasari 
Published: December 2019

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengkaji dan menganalisis prokrastinasi administrasi guru di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta, (2) Mengkaji dan menganalisis teknik <em>critical incident </em>yang digunakan di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta, (3) Menjelaskan dan medeskripsikan perbedaan prokrastinasi administrasi guru di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogkyakarta dan (4) Menganalisis perbedaan tingkat prokrastinasi administrasi guru dengan menggunakan teknik <em>critical incident</em> di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. Jenis Penelitian yang ada dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 guru dari SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta menggunakan <em>Simple random sampling. </em>Teknik analisa data yang penulis gunakan adalah analisis diskriptif, Uji T<em> </em>independent sampel dan statistik diskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil temuan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prokrastinasi akademik guru yang terjadi di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta ialah terjadi penundaan penyusunan RPP. Teknik <em>critical incident</em> yang digunakan di kedua sekolah tersebut cukup efektif mengurangi prokrastinasi administrasi dengan menggabungkan model esai dan model <em>checklist</em>. Tidak adanya perbedaan prokrastinasi administrasi guru di kedua sekolah dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,248, dan perbandingan tingkat prokrastinasi administrasi guru dengan menggunakan teknik <em>critical incident</em> di SMP Muhammadyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 menghasilkan tingkat prokrastinasi administrasi yang rendah.</p><p class="abstrak"><em>Keyword</em>: Prokrastinasi Administrasi, Guru, Teknik <em>Critical Incident</em>.</p>
Acceptability and Use of Interactive Voice Response Mobile Phone Surveys for Noncommunicable Disease Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance in Rural Uganda: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ssemugabo Charles , Rutebemberwa Elizeus , Kajungu Dan , Pariyo George W , Hyder Adnan A , Gibson Dustin G 
Published: December 2019

Background
There is need for more timely data to inform interventions that address the growing noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic. With a global increase in mobile phone ownership, mobile phone surveys can bridge this gap.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the acceptability and use of interactive voice response (IVR) surveys for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors in rural Uganda.

Methods
This qualitative study employed user group testing (UGT) with community members. The study was conducted at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Eastern Uganda. We conducted four UGTs which consisted of different categories of HDSS members: females living in urban areas, males living in urban areas, females living in rural areas, and males living in rural areas. Participants were individually sent an IVR survey, then were brought in for a group discussion using a semistructured guide. Data were analyzed thematically using directed content analysis.

Results
Participants perceived that IVR surveys may be useful in promoting confidentiality, saving costs, and raising awareness on NCD behavioral risk factors. Due to the clarity and delivery of questions in the local language, the IVR survey was perceived as easy to use. Community members suggested scheduling surveys on specific days and sending reminders as ways to improve their use for surveillance. Social issues such as domestic violence and perceptions toward unknown calls, technological factors including poor network connections and inability to use phones, and personal issues such as lack of access to phones and use of multiple networks were identified as barriers to the acceptability and use of mobile phone surveys. However, incentives were reported to motivate people to complete the survey.

Conclusions
Community members reflected on contextual and sociological implications of using mobile phones for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors. The opportunities and challenges that affect acceptability and use of IVR surveys should be considered in designing and implementing surveillance programs for NCD risk factors.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF TERBINAFINE HCl SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: ABOBAKR FATMA E. , FAYEZ SAHAR M. , ELWAZZAN VIVIAN S. , SAKRAN WEDAD 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery and research. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize SLNs formulae of Terbinafine HCl (TFH) for topical drug delivery applications.
Methods: SLNs were prepared using the solvent injection technique. Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) served as the lipid base. Three stabilizers; Tween 80, Cremophor RH40, and Poloxamer 188, were used. The effect of stabilizer type and concentration, as well as the lipid concentration, were studied, factorial design of 32*21was applied. The prepared SLNs were characterized regarding their particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency percent (EE %), and physicochemical stability. The selected formulae were subjected to further investigations such as morphological studies, in vitro release studies, and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. They were compared with the marketed cream Lamifen® in term of their antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Results: Lipid concentration, together with the type and concentration of stabilizer, appeared to be the main cornerstones which affect the formation of SLNs. Smaller particle size was observed when increasing the stabilizer concentration and decreasing the lipid concentration. Higher EE% was observed when increasing both the stabilizer and the lipid concentrations. Formulae (F6, F12 andF19) were selected as the most suitable SLNs with optimum particle size of 480.2±18.89, 458.6±12.45 and 246.7±10.5 nm, respectively as well as the highest EE% of 87.13±0.19, 93.69±0.7 and 95.06±0.25, respectively. In vitro microbiological screening of their antifungal activity showed significantly larger zones of inhibition of diameters 25.9±0.25, 25±0.35 and 24.67±0.36 mm, respectively in comparison with the marketed Lamifen® cream which showed a zone of 11.2±0.44 mm diameter.
Conclusion: Applying SLNs containing TFH as topical antifungal preparations may be considered as a very promising option as they show good physicochemical characterization with high antifungal activity, which delineates them as a promising dosage form for topical antifungal treatment.
VARIABLES IMPACTING GFR ESTIMATION METHOD FOR DRUG DOSING IN CKD: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK PREDICTION MODEL
Authors: AlJASMI SABA M. , KHAN AMER H. , SULAIMAN SYED AZHAR SYED , BAIG MIRZA R. , OBAIDULLAH MALIK , MAKRAMALLA EMAD A. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure concordance between different renal function estimates in terms of drug doses and determine the potential significant clinical differences.
Methods: Around one hundred and eighty patients (≥ 18 y) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were eligible for inclusion in this study. A paired-proportion cohort design was utilized using an artificial intelligence model. CKD patients refined into those who have drugs adjusted for renal function. For superiority of Cockcroft-Gault (CG) vs. modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) guided with references for concordance or discordance of the two equations and determined the dosing tiers of each drug. Validated artificial neural networks (ANN) was one outcome of interest. Variable impacts and performed reassignments were compared to evaluate the factors that affect the accuracy in estimating the kidney function for a better drug dosing.
Results: The best ANN model classified most cases to CG as the best dosing method (79 vs. 72). The probability was 85% and the top performance was slightly above 93%. Creatinine levels and CKD staging were the most important factors in determining the best dosing method of CG versus MDRD. Ideal and actual body weights were second (24%). Whereas drug class or the specific drug was an important third factor (14%).
Conclusion: Among many variables that affect the optimal dosing method, the top three are probably CKD staging, weight, and the drug. The contrasting CKD stages from the different methods can be used to recognize patterns, identify and predict the best dosing tactics in CKD patients.