bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic temperature field in a composite plate
Authors: Abiduev P L , Darmaev T G , Buldaev A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The temperature fields in two-layer plates under periodic temperature effects on one of the surfaces are considered. The transition to a steady-state temperature field is investigated. For numerical calculations, a program based on the implementation of the finite element method was used. The same steady-state periodic temperature field was obtained asymptotically and was compared with the results of a numerical experiment. Numerical tests showed that for loads close to explosion during detonation of gas mixtures in thermodynamic treatment measures, the periodic temperature field is established after 5-6 cycles of heat flow exposure. Also after analysis of temperature field in single-layer and double-layer plates it is shown that introduction of thermal protection allows to significantly lower temperature of surface under influence of heat flow.
Magnesium thermal nano-sized powders of the chromium subgroup metals
Authors: Kolosov V N , Orlov V M , Miroshnichenko M N , Prokhorova T Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A method for magnesium vapor reduction of the double oxides of chromium subgroup metals at low static pressure and dynamical vacuum was used. The study results of the production and investigation of tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, W-Cr mix and Mo-W alloy powders are presented. The specific surface area of the resulting powders was in the range from 14 to 41 m2·g−1. The average crystalline grain size estimated from the value of the range of coherent X-ray scattering was 8-40 nm.
A method to determine uranium compounds in drinking water
Authors: Tegshbayar N , Tsookhuu Kh , Bolormaa O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper we have studied the possibility of determining the forms of uranium ions and minerals dissolved in water by using the Pourbaix diagram. Uranium in water with low uranium content exists in the form of uraninite or uranium dioxide UO2+ and with higher uranium content in the form of ions UO2(CO3). By selecting carbonate minerals and calculating the saturation index, it is shown that uranium in the water of Eastern region of Mongolia dissolved in the forms of minerals such as quartzite CaMgUO2(CO3)3(H2O)12, andersonite (Na2CaUO2(CO3)3(H2O)6), bayleyite (Mg2UO2(CO3)3(H2O)18), liebigite (Ca2UO2(CO3)3(H2O)10).
Assessment of optical, mechanical and nonlinear properties of potassium acid phthalate single crystal: a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Kumari Manju , Vijayan N , Nayak Debabrata , Kumar Mahesh , Gupta Govind , Pant R P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A good optical quality semi-organic single crystal of Potassium Acid Phthalate (KAP) was harvested from aqueous solution by using slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) at ambient condition. The defect free single crystal of KAP was analyzed by different instrumentation techniques, for checking its compatibility for different applications. Its unit cell dimensions and phase purity was examined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and found that it crystallizes in orthorhombic with non-centrosymmetric in nature. The quality of the grown ingot was assessed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique and found that, the crystalline quality is better with less grain boundaries. Its optical properties were scrutinized by UV–vis., photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements respectively. The mechanical stability of the grown crystal was tested by Vickers microhardness method and found that the grown crystal shows indentation size effect (ISE) which was explained using different theoretical models. Its third order nonlinear optical properties were studied by Z-scan measurement by using Ti:Sapphire laser as a source and determined its nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and it was found that the KAP crystal is one of the preferable choices for optical limiting applications.
Synthesis of PLA-based thermoplastic elastomer and study on preparation and properties of PLA-based shape memory polymers
Authors: Ji Fan , Li Jianbo , Weng Yunxuan , Ren Jie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As a new functional polymer material, shape memory polymer (SMP) has many advantages, and can be widely used in medical devices, textiles, aerospace and other fields. For thermal response SMPs, temporary deformation can be stored under external force above Tg with a rapid cooling down to below Tg or Tm, and when heated again to the critical temperature point, they return to their original shape. In this paper, shape memory poly (lactic acid) (PLA) block copolymers were prepared from a chain extension reaction of PLA with poly(ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL-OH). Using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a chain extender, the molecular weight of the prepolymer could be greatly increased by melt chain extension. Polylactic acid thermoplastic elastomer (PLAE) synthesized by chain extension reaction is soft and tough, similar to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Polylactic acid-based shape memory polymers with good shape memory properties can be obtained by blending PLAE with PLA. The shape memory property test showed that the polylactic acid-based shape memory polymer was successfully prepared, and the recovery rate of the polylactic acid-based shape memory polymer could reach to approximately 80%. Besides, we also did thermal and microstructural analysis of the blend material. Due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, PLAE and PLA/PLAE will have potential applications in biomedical implant materials, engineering plastics, and textiles.
Oxygen annealing effect on resistive switching characteristics of multilayer CeO2/Al/CeO2 resistive random-access memory
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Khan Sobia Ali , Rahmani Mehr Khalid , Choi Junhyeok , Batool Zahida , Rana Anwar Manzoor , Kim Sungjun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cerium oxide-based memristors have been extensively studied because of their compatibility with CMOS technology. Yet, inconsistency of resistive switching parameters is one of the main contests in development of nonvolatile memory for commercialization. Owing to filamentary nature of the resistive switching devices, variability of the resistive switching characteristics can be reduced by doping, where conductive filaments can easily grow due to reduction in the formation energy of oxygen vacancies. In this work, multilayer CeO2/Al/CeO2 films were prepared through radio-frequency (rf) sputtering at room temperature to study the effect of oxygen annealing on the resistive switching characteristics. Device with CeO2/Al/CeO2 multilayer structure after annealing exhibits reduction of defects and improved switching endurance, good data retention, and uniformity in operational parameters. The resistive switching characteristics have been simulated using space charge limited conduction and Schottky emission at high field region of the high resistance state, which is well fitted by linear curve fitting analysis. Improvement in the switching characteristics revealed that Al charge trapping layer has diffused into the CeO2 matrix, which might have resulted in lower density of oxygen vacancies due to oxygen annealing. Experimental I–V analysis indicate that oxygen annealing is an effective approach to enhance the switching characteristics of RRAM devices.
Erosion behaviour of boiler component materials at room temperature and 400 °C temperature
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar , Mishra S B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Degradation of boiler tube components in Indian thermal power plants is mainly done through solid particle erosion due to exposure in erosive ash environment. Some important parameter such as hardness, erodent velocity, temperature, impact angle, shape and size are majorly affected the erosion wear. In this study, the erosion wear behaviour of SAE 208 grade steel, SAE213-T12 boiler steel, SAE213-T91 boiler steel and IS 2062 structural steel were investigated using an air jet erosion test rig. The erosion tests were carried out at the impact angles of 30° and 90°, impact velocity of 42.3 m/s at room temperature and 400 °C. The position of sample holder was adjusted in such a way that erosion wear scar occur at the central region of the samples. For each experiment, the erosion test was continued until the steady state erosion rate was achieved as per ASTM standard. The variation in erosion rate data has been plotted against cumulative mass of erodent for boiler and structural steel samples. The steady state erosion rates for different steel samples are calculated and compared. The surfaces of tested samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to understand the erosion mechanism. The results showed that the ductile behaviour of erosion mechanism is dominated at both room temperature and 400 °C temperature. Mechanism involved at 90° impact angle is plastic deformation with formation of craters and at 30° impact angle is cutting and ploughing.
US Migration Status of Adult Children and Cognitive Decline Among Older Parents Who Remain in Mexico
Authors: Torres Jacqueline M , Sofrygin Oleg , Rudolph Kara E , Haan Mary N , Wong Rebeca , Glymour M Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing rapid aging, a growing dementia burden, and relatively high rates of out-migration among working-age adults. Family member migration status may be a unique societal determinant of cognitive aging in LMIC settings. We aimed to evaluate the association between adult child US migration status and change in cognitive performance scores using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a population-based, national-level cohort study of Mexico adults aged ≥50 years at baseline (2001), with 2-, 12-, and 14-year follow-up waves (2003, 2012, and 2015). Cognitive performance assessments were completed by 5,972 and 4,939 respondents at 11 years and 14 years of follow-up, respectively. For women, having an adult child in the United States was associated with steeper decline in verbal memory scores (e.g., for 9-year change in immediate verbal recall z score, marginal risk difference (RD) = –0.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.16, −0.03); for delayed verbal recall z score, RD = –0.10 (95% CI: −0.17, −0.03)) and overall cognitive performance (for overall cognitive performance z score, RD = –0.04, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.00). There were mostly null associations for men. To our knowledge, this is the first study to have evaluated the association between family member migration status and cognitive decline; future work should be extended to other LMICs facing population aging.
Correlations Between Interleukin-11 Expression and Hypertensive Kidney Injury in a Rat Model of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Menendez-Castro Carlos , Cordasic Nada , Dambietz Thomas , Veelken Roland , Amann Kerstin , Hartner Andrea , Hilgers Karl F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 family. Recent studies revealed its crucial role in the development of cardiovascular fibrosis. In this study we examined IL-11 expression levels in the heart and the kidney exposed to high blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats and their correlations to fibrotic markers and kidney injury.

METHODS
Two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension (2K1C) was induced in rats. IL-11 expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the left ventricle and the right kidney. The correlation of cardiac IL-11 expression with biomarkers of renal fibrosis was assessed. We further investigated IL-11 expression in 2K1C rats grouped into rats with malignant vs. nonmalignant hypertension (distinguishing criteria: weight loss, number of fibrinoid necrosis, and onion skin lesions).

RESULTS
Thirty-five days after clipping, mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in 2K1C. Renal IL-11 expression was elevated in 2K1C. In the heart there was only a trend toward higher IL-11 expression in 2K1C. IL-11 in the kidney in 2K1C correlated with the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/2, collagens, fibronectin, osteopontin, as well as tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease 1/2. There were also correlations of IL-11 with tissue collagen expansion, number of activated fibroblasts and serum creatinine, but no correlation with mean arterial pressure. Renal expression of IL-11 was highest in rats with malignant hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
Renal IL-11 expression of renovascular hypertensive rats is markedly increased and correlates with profibrotic markers and loss of function and might therefore serve as a biomarker for the severity of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
Extrapolating the Applicability of Measurement Data on Worker Inhalation Exposure to Chemical Substances
Authors: Franken Remy , Shandilya Neeraj , Marquart Hans , McNally Kevin , Fransman Wouter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Measured data are generally preferred to modelled estimates of exposure. Grouping and read-across is already widely used and accepted approach in toxicology, but an appropriate approach and guidance on how to use existing exposure measurement data on one substance and work situation for another substance and/or work situation is currently not available. This study presents a framework for an extensive read-across of existing worker inhalable exposure measurement data. This framework enables the calculation of read-across factors based on another substance and/or work situation by first evaluating the quality of the existing measurement data and then mapping its similarity or difference with another substance and/or work situation. The system of read-across factors was largely based on the determinants in ECETOC TRA and ART exposure models. The applicability of the framework and its proof of principle were demonstrated by using five case studies. In these case studies, either the 75th percentiles of measured exposure data was observed to lie within the estimated 90% confidence intervals from the read-across approach or at least with the increase in the geometric mean of measured exposure, geometric mean of estimated exposure also increased. Testing and re-evaluation of the present framework by experts in exposure assessment and statistics is recommended to develop it further into a tool that can be widely used in exposure assessment and regulatory practices.
Female Assamese macaques bias their affiliation to paternal and maternal kin
Authors: De Moor Delphine , Roos Christian , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForming strong social bonds can lead to higher reproductive success, increased longevity, and/or increased infant survival in several mammal species. Given these adaptive benefits, understanding what determines partner preferences in social bonding is important. Maternal relatedness strongly predicts partner preference across many mammalian taxa. The role of paternal relatedness, however, has received relatively little attention, even though paternal and maternal kin share the same number of genes, and theoretically similar preferences would therefore be expected for paternal kin. Here, we investigate the role of maternal and paternal relatedness in female affiliation in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), a species characterized by a relatively low male reproductive skew. We studied a wild population under natural conditions using extensive behavioral data and relatedness analyses based on pedigree reconstruction. We found stronger affiliative relationships and more time spent grooming between maternal kin and paternal half-sisters compared with nonkin, with no preference of maternal over paternal kin. Paternally related and nonrelated dyads did not form stronger relationships when they had less close maternal kin available, but we would need a bigger sample size to confirm this. As expected given the low reproductive skew, affiliative relationships between paternal half-sisters closer in age were not stronger than between paternal half-sisters with larger age differences, suggesting that the kin bias toward paternal kin was not mediated by age similarity. An alternative way through which paternal kin could get familiarized is mother- and/or father-mediated familiarity.
Disrupted basal ganglia–thalamocortical loops in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures
Authors: He Xiaosong , Chaitanya Ganne , Asma Burcu , Caciagli Lorenzo , Bassett Danielle S , Tracy Joseph I , Sperling Michael R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures are associated with lower quality of life, higher risk of seizure-related injuries, increased chance of sudden unexpected death, and unfavourable treatment outcomes. Achieving greater understanding of their underlying circuitry offers better opportunity to control these seizures. Towards this goal, we provide a network science perspective of the interactive pathways among basal ganglia, thalamus and cortex, to explore the imprinting of secondary seizure generalization on the mesoscale brain network in temporal lobe epilepsy. Specifically, we parameterized the functional organization of both the thalamocortical network and the basal ganglia–thalamus network with resting state functional MRI in three groups of patients with different focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure histories. Using the participation coefficient to describe the pattern of thalamocortical connections among different cortical networks, we showed that, compared to patients with no previous history, those with positive histories of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, including both remote (none for &gt;1 year) and current (within the past year) histories, presented more uniform distribution patterns of thalamocortical connections in the ipsilateral medial-dorsal thalamic nuclei. As a sign of greater thalamus-mediated cortico-cortical communication, this result comports with greater susceptibility to secondary seizure generalization from the epileptogenic temporal lobe to broader brain networks in these patients. Using interregional integration to characterize the functional interaction between basal ganglia and thalamus, we demonstrated that patients with current history presented increased interaction between putamen and globus pallidus internus, and decreased interaction between the latter and the thalamus, compared to the other two patient groups. Importantly, through a series of ‘disconnection’ simulations, we showed that these changes in interactive profiles of the basal ganglia–thalamus network in the current history group mainly depended upon the direct but not the indirect basal ganglia pathway. It is intuitively plausible that such disruption in the striatum-modulated tonic inhibition of the thalamus from the globus pallidus internus could lead to an under-suppressed thalamus, which in turn may account for their greater vulnerability to secondary seizure generalization. Collectively, these findings suggest that the broken balance between basal ganglia inhibition and thalamus synchronization can inform the presence and effective control of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. The mechanistic underpinnings we uncover may shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Neutralizing and Neuraminidase Antibodies Correlate With Protection Against Influenza During a Late Season A/H3N2 Outbreak Among Unvaccinated Military Recruits
Authors: Weiss Carol D , Wang Wei , Lu Yun , Billings Monisha , Eick-Cost Angelia , Couzens Laura , Sanchez Jose L , Hawksworth Anthony W , Seguin Peter , Myers Christopher A , Forshee Richard , Eichelberger Maryna C , Cooper Michael J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Antibodies that inhibit hemagglutination have long been considered a correlate of protection against influenza, but these antibodies are only a subset of potentially protective antibodies. Neutralizing and neuraminidase antibodies may also contribute to protection, but data on their associations with protection are limited.

Methods
We measured preoutbreak hemagglutinin pseudovirus neutralization (PVN) and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) antibody titers in unvaccinated military recruits who experienced an H3N2 influenza outbreak during training. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between titers and protection against influenza illness or H3N2-associated pneumonia using logistic regression.

Results
With every 2-fold increase in PVN titer, the odds of medically attended polymerase chain reaction–confirmed H3N2 infection (H3N2+) decreased by 41% (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], .45 to .77; P &lt; .001). Among those who were H3N2+, the odds for pneumonia decreased by 52% (OR, 0.48; CI, .25 to .91; P = .0249). With every 2-fold increase in NAI titer, the odds of medically attended H3N2 infection decreased by 32% (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, .53 to .87; P = .0028), but there was no association between NAI titers and H3N2-associated pneumonia. There was also no synergistic effect of PVN and NAI antibodies.

Conclusions
PVN and NAI titers were independently associated with reduced risk of influenza illness. NAI titers associated with protection had greater breadth of reactivity to drifted strains than PVN titers. These findings show that PVN and NAI titers are valuable biomarkers for assessing the odds of influenza infection.
Inter-industry wage inequality: persistent differences and turbulent equalisation
Authors: Mokre Patrick , Rehm Miriam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe empirical stylised fact of persistent inter-industry wage differentials is an enduring challenge to economic theory. This paper applies the classical theory of ‘real competition’ to the turbulent dynamics of these inter-industrial wage differentials. Theoretically, we argue that competitive wage determination can be decomposed into equalising, dispersing and turbulently equalising factors. Empirically, we show graphically and econometrically for 31 US industries in 1987–2016 that wage differentials, like regulating profit rates, are governed by turbulent equalisation. Furthermore, we apply a fixed-effects OLS as well as a hierarchical Bayesian inference model and find that the link between regulating profit rates and wage differentials is positive, significant and robust.
Active-absorbing phase transition and small-world behaviour in Ising model on finite addition type networks in two dimensions
Authors: Mullick Pratik , Sen Parongama 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We consider the ordering dynamics of the Ising model on a square lattice where an additional fixed number of bonds connect any two sites chosen randomly from a total of $N$ lattice sites. The total number of shortcuts added is controlled by two parameters $p$ and $\alpha$ for fixed $N$. The structural properties of the network are investigated which show that the small-world behaviour is obtained along the line $\alpha=\frac{\ln (N/2p)}{\ln N}$, which separates regions with ultra-small world like behaviour and short-ranged lattice like behaviour. We obtain a rich phase diagram in the $p-\alpha$ plane showing the existence of different types of active and absorbing states to which the Ising model evolves to and their boundaries.