bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral phenotypes of childhood idiopathic epilepsies
Authors: Hermann Bruce P. , Struck Aaron F. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Hsu David A. , Dabbs Kevin , Gundlach Carson , Almane Dace , Seidenberg Michael , Jones Jana E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the presence and nature of discrete behavioral phenotypes and their correlates in a cohort of youth with new and recent onset focal and generalized epilepsies.MethodsThe parents of 290 youth (age = 8‐18 years) with epilepsy (n = 183) and typically developing participants (n = 107) completed the Child Behavior Checklist for children aged 6‐18 from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. The eight behavior problem scales were subjected to hierarchical clustering analytics to identify behavioral subgroups. To characterize the external validity and co‐occurring comorbidities of the identified subgroups, we examined demographic features (age, gender, handedness), cognition (language, perception, attention, executive function, speed), academic problems (present/absent), clinical epilepsy characteristics (epilepsy syndrome, medications), familial factors (parental intelligence quotient, education, employment), neuroimaging features (cortical thickness), parent‐observed day‐to‐day executive function, and number of lifetime‐to‐date Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) diagnoses.ResultsHierarchical clustering identified three behavioral phenotypes, which included no behavioral complications (Cluster 1, 67% of epilepsy cohort [n = 122]), nonexternalizing problems (Cluster 2, 11% of cohort [n = 21]), and combined internalizing and externalizing problems (Cluster 3, 22% of cohort [n = 40]). These behavioral phenotypes were characterized by orderly differences in personal characteristics, neuropsychological status, history of academic problems, parental status, cortical thickness, daily executive function, and number of lifetime‐to‐date DSM‐IV diagnoses. Cluster 1 was most similar to controls across most metrics, whereas Cluster 3 was the most abnormal compared to controls. Epilepsy syndrome was not a predictor of cluster membership.SignificanceYouth with new and recent onset epilepsy fall into three distinct behavioral phenotypes associated with a variety of co‐occurring features and comorbidities. This approach identifies important phenotypes of behavior problem presentations and their accompanying factors that serve to advance clinical and theoretical understanding of the behavioral complications of children with epilepsy and the complex conditions with which they co‐occur.
Changes in cognition after introduction or withdrawal of zonisamide versus topiramate in epilepsy patients: A retrospective study using Bayes statistics
Authors: Meschede Carolin , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Brömling Sarah , Moskau‐Hartmann Susanna , Rademacher Michael , Surges Rainer , von Wrede Randi , Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to evaluate the impact of zonisamide (ZNS) compared to topiramate (TPM) on cognition in patients with epilepsy. Although the risk of cognitive side effects has been clearly demonstrated for TPM, comparable side effects in ZNS have been suggested but evidence from studies is inconclusive.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we analyzed patients’ records from before and after introduction or withdrawal of ZNS vs TPM. Data were gathered during routine clinical care protocols. Standardized monitoring of executive functions (EpiTrack), verbal memory (short version of verbaler lern‐ und merkfähigkeitstest, VLMT), and subjective health (extended Adverse Events Profile; quality of life in epilepsy inventory, QOLIE‐10) was performed in 73 patients when TPM (n = 45) or ZNS (n = 28) was introduced and 62 patients when TPM (n = 29) or ZNS (n = 33) was withdrawn. The data were analyzed using Bayes statistics that quantify evidence for or against an effect through Bayes factors (BFs).ResultsThere was decisive evidence for a negative effect of adjunctive ZNS and TPM on executive function (BF = 965.08) and a positive effect of their withdrawal (BF = 429.51). The ZNS effect seemed smaller, although the difference was inconclusive. Verbal memory and subjective quality of life were not significantly affected. Subjectively, ZNS was connected to lower anxiety and fewer headaches, whereas TPM had a perceived effect on weight, fluent speech and comprehension, headaches, and balance.SignificanceThis is the first study to provide objective evidence for a considerable negative effect of ZNS treatment on executive function in a naturalistic treatment setting. Comparable to the well‐known TPM effect, cognition worsens with adjunction and recovers with withdrawal of ZNS. However, the majority of patients do not show a significant negative effect, suggesting disparate susceptibilities to adverse events. The findings emphasize the need for routine monitoring of cognitive side effects to identify early on those patients who are negatively affected by new AED.
Photocatalytic properties of the CeO2‐xTiO2 and TiO2‐xCeO2 (x = 10, 30, and 50 mol%) heterostructures obtained by a MAH
Authors: Nascimento Leulomar E. , Andrade Neto Nivaldo F. , Ramalho Onecima B. M. , Bomio Mauricio R. D. , Motta Fabiana V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, CeO2‐TiO2 heterostructures were submitted to the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method at 140°C for 30 minute, and varying the CeO2 and TiO2 percentages as 10, 30, and 50 mol%. The heterostructures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller methodology (BET), and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐Vis). The photocatalytic properties were estimated varying the concentration of methylene blue (MB) dye. The diffractograms indicate the formation of TiO2 anatase and CeO2 phases, without the formation of secondary phases. TEM images indicate the formation of nanocubes and nanospheres for CeO2 and TiO2, respectively. BET analysis indicates that CeO2 has the largest surface area (62.80 m2.g−1), and TiO2‐10%CeO2 heterostructure has a low surface area (26.13 m2.g−1). The addition of TiO2 to CeO2 increases the photocatalytic activity from 32% to 80% for CeO2 and CeO2‐50%TiO2, respectively. In contrast, the addition of CeO2 significantly decreases the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 from 98.9% to 50% for TiO2 and TiO2‐50%CeO2, respectively. Reuse tests showed that the TiO2‐xCeO2 samples maintain the photocatalytic response in subsequent cycles while the CeO2‐xTiO2 samples have an increase in the response.
Expression of immune checkpoints in active nonsegmental vitiligo: a pilot study
Authors: Awad Sherif S. , Touni Ahmed A. , Gabril Manal Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is a depigmentary skin disfigurement resulting from destruction of melanocytes caused by a possible malfunctioning immunity. This destruction could be linked to an aberrant T‐cell–mediated immune response. Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) are immune checkpoints capable of downregulating T‐cell immune functions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the pattern of expression of PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 in active vitiligo skin.MethodsThirty nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) patients had been included in this pilot study. Marginal, lesional, and nonlesional skin biopsies were obtained. PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 immunohistochemistry expression in the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates were evaluated using digital images.ResultsThe marginal and lesional inflammatory infiltrates were significantly abundant when compared to nonlesional ones. The marginal infiltrates were significantly abundant when compared to the lesional ones. PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 were significantly expressed in the marginal and lesional infiltrates when compared to nonlesional skin. Moreover, the marginal expression of PD‐1 was significantly higher than the lesional expression. However, no similar significant difference in CTLA‐4 expression was found between the marginal and lesional infiltrates. Significant positive correlations were found between the expressions of PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 in marginal and lesional infiltrates.ConclusionProgrammed death‐1 and CTLA‐4 are expressed within the inflammatory infiltrate of active NSV. Further studies are required to confirm their significance in the development or limitation of the disease.
Associations of telomere length with two dietary quality indices after a lifestyle intervention in children with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ojeda‐Rodríguez Ana , Morell‐Azanza Lydia , Zalba Guillermo , Zazpe Itziar , Azcona‐Sanjulian Maria Cristina , Marti Amelia 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundDietary factors seem to influence telomere length. Moreover, associations between changes in adiposity indices and telomere length (TL) have been found in intervention studies.ObjectiveWe evaluated changes in two diet quality indices and their association with TL in children with abdominal obesity in a 12‐month lifestyle intervention.MethodsEighty‐seven participants (7‐16 years old) were assigned to the intervention (moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or usual care group (standard paediatric recommendations) for a 2‐month intensive phase and a subsequent 10‐month follow‐up. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI‐A) and the Healthy Lifestyle Diet Index (HLD‐I). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real‐time quantitative PCR. The intra‐class correlation coefficient for TL was 0.793 (95% CI 0.707, 0.857).ResultsAfter a 12‐month lifestyle intervention, a significant reduction in BMI‐SDS (−0.57 and −0.49 for the intervention and usual care groups, respectively) and fat mass was observed in all subjects without differences between groups. Changes in DQI‐A (+12.36% vs +5.53%, P = .005) and HLD‐I (+4.43 vs +1.09, P < .001) were higher in the intervention subjects compared with usual care subjects after 2 months. Interestingly, we observed a positive change in TL between 2 and 12 months (P = .025), which was associated with higher scores on the DQI‐A (β = 0.008, R2 = 0.088, P = .010) and HLD‐I (β = 0.022, R2 = 0.198, P = .015), in the intervention group after the 2‐month intensive phase.ConclusionFavourable changes in diet quality indices could contribute to telomere integrity in children with abdominal obesity enrolled in an intensive lifestyle intervention.
Comparative epidemiology, phylogenetics, and transmission patterns of severe influenza A/H3N2 in Australia from 2003 to 2017
Authors: Xia Jing , Adam Dillon C. , Moa Aye , Chughtai Abrar A. , Barr Ian G. , Komadina Naomi , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the last two decades, Australia has experienced four severe influenza seasons caused by a predominance of influenza A (A/H3N2): 2003, 2007, 2012, and 2017.MethodsWe compared the epidemiology, genetics, and transmission dynamics of severe A/H3N2 seasons in Australia from 2003 to 2017.ResultsSince 2003, the proportion of notifications in 0‐4 years old has decreased, while it has increased in the age group >80 years old (P < .001). The genetic diversity of circulating influenza A/H3N2 viruses has also increased over time with the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly (P < .05) increasing. We also identified five residue positions within or near the receptor binding site of HA (144, 145, 159, 189, and 225) undergoing frequent mutations that are likely involved in significant antigenic drift and possibly severity. The Australian state of Victoria was identified as a frequent location for transmission either to or from other states and territories over the study years. The states of New South Wales and Queensland were also frequently implicated as locations of transmission to other states and territories but less so over the years. This indicates a stable but also changing dynamic of A/H3N2 circulation in Australia.ConclusionThese results have important implications for future influenza surveillance and control policy in the country. Reasons for the change in age‐specific infection and increased genetic diversity of A/H3N2 viruses in recent years should be explored.
FOXO3a‐mediated long non‐coding RNA LINC00261 resists cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via targeting miR23b‐3p/NRF2 axis
Authors: Zhang Ruining , Li Yongjun , Liu Xiaopeng , Qin Shan , Guo Bingyan , Chang Liang , Huang Liu , Liu Suyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐mediated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major pathological factor implicated in the progression of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Long non‐coding RNA plays an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulating role of LINC00261 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The relative expression of LINC00261, miR‐23b‐3p and NRF2 were determined in rats I/R myocardial tissues and H/R‐induced cardiomyocytes. The rat model and cell model of LINC00261 overexpression were established to investigate the biological function of LINC00261 on H9C2 cell. The interaction between LINC00261, miR‐23b‐3p, NRF2 and FOXO3a was identified using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay and qRT‐PCR. The expression of LINC00261 was significantly down‐regulated in myocardial tissues and H9C2 cell. Overexpression of LINC00261 improves cardiac function and reduces myocardium apoptosis. Interestingly, transcription factor FOXO3a was found to promote LINC00261 transcription. Moreover, LINC00261 was confirmed as a spong of miR23b‐3p and thereby positively regulates NRF2 expression in cardiomyocytes. Our findings reveal a novel role for LINC00261 in regulating H/R cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the potency of the LINC00261/miR‐23b‐3p/NRF2 axis as a therapeutic target for the treatment of MIRI.
Epidemiology of cannabis use and associated outcomes among kidney transplant recipients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vaitla Pradeep K. , Thongprayoon Charat , Hansrivijit Panupong , Kanduri Swetha R. , Kovvuru Karthik , Rivera Franco H. Cabeza , Cato Liam D. , Garla Vishnu , Watthanasuntorn Kanramon , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Chewcharat Api , Aeddula Narothama Reddy , Bathini Tarun , Koller Felicitas L. , Matemavi Praise , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCannabis is the most commonly used recreational drug in the United States, and transplant acceptability for cannabis using candidates varies among transplant centers. However, the prevalence and impact of cannabis use on outcomes of kidney transplant recipients remain unclear. This study aimed to summarize the prevalence and impact of cannabis use on outcomes after kidney transplantation.MethodsA literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library Databases from inception until September 2019 to identify studies assessing the prevalence of cannabis use among kidney transplant recipients, and reported adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation. Effect estimates from the individual studies were obtained and combined utilizing random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian‐Laird.ResultsA total of four cohort studies with a total of 55 897 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated prevalence of cannabis use was 3.2% (95% CI 0.4%‐20.5%). While the use of cannabis was not significantly associated with all‐cause allograft failure (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.70‐2.46) or mortality (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.59‐3.92), the use of cannabis among kidney transplant recipients was significantly associated with increased death‐censored graft failure with pooled OR of 1.72 (95% CI 1.13‐2.60).ConclusionsThe overall estimated prevalence of cannabis use among kidney transplant recipients is 3.2%. The use of cannabis is associated with increased death‐censored graft failure, but not mortality after kidney transplantation.
Efficacy of an oil‐based formulation combining Metarhizium rileyi and nucleopolyhedroviruses against lepidopteran pests of soybean
Authors: Lopes Rogerio Biaggioni , Sosa‐Gómez Daniel Ricardo , Oliveira Charles Martins , Sanches Marcio Martinello , de Souza Daniela Aguiar , Benito Norton Polo , Schmidt Francisco Guilherme Vergolino , Faria Marcos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA biopesticide that combines Metarhizium rileyi and nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) in an oil dispersion (OD) was developed. Its efficacy against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. First, each of the two selected fungal strains, combined or not in OD preparations with AgMNPV or ChinNPV, was tested in the laboratory against A. gemmatalis and C. includens, respectively. AgMNPV–fungus combinations had similar effect on overall mortality of A. gemmatalis compared to each pathogen used alone. C. includens was less susceptible to infection by M. rileyi strains, and ChinNPV became the major cause of larval death. The OD formulations with M. rileyi and/or NPV were applied in infested soybean fields. ChinNPV + M. rileyi caused 50.8% of overall mortality six days after spraying in a soybean crop infested by both pests, whereas for treatments with the fungus or the virus alone the percentages were 41.2% and 8.8%, respectively. In another field infested solely by A. gemmatalis, insect mortality was similar for the AgMNPV–fungus combination and the virus used alone. Larval parasitism by wasps and dipterans was not affected following biopesticide spraying. Our results suggest that the performance of a dual‐action biopesticide is related to the NPV and fungal strains that are combined and the proportion of host populations simultaneously infesting the crop.
Non‐pharmacological interventions for challenging behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruinsma E. , van den Hoofdakker B. J. , Groenman A. P. , Hoekstra P. J. , de Kuijper G. M. , Klaver M. , de Bildt A. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐pharmacological interventions are recommended for the treatment of challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities by clinical guidelines. However, evidence for their effectiveness is ambiguous. The aim of the current meta‐analysis is to update the existing evidence, to investigate long‐term outcome, and to examine whether intervention type, delivery mode, and study design were associated with differences in effectiveness.MethodAn electronic search was conducted using the databases Medline, Eric, PsychINFO and Cinahl. Studies with experimental or quasi‐experimental designs were included. We performed an overall random‐effect meta‐analysis and subgroup analyses.ResultsWe found a significant moderate overall effect of non‐pharmacological interventions on challenging behaviours (d = 0.573, 95% CI [0.352–0.795]), and this effect appears to be longlasting. Interventions combining mindfulness and behavioural techniques showed to be more effective than other interventions. However, this result should be interpreted with care due to possible overestimation of the subgroup analysis. No differences in effectiveness were found across assessment times, delivery modes or study designs.ConclusionsNon‐pharmacological interventions appear to be moderately effective on the short and long term in reducing challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Advanced cryo‐tomography workflow developments – correlative microscopy, milling automation and cryo‐lift‐out
Authors: KUBA JAKUB , MITCHELS JOHN , HOVORKA MILOŠ , ERDMANN PHILIPP , BERKA LUKÁŠ , KIRMSE ROBERT , KÖNIG JULIA , DE BOCK JAN , GOETZE BERNHARD , RIGORT ALEXANDER 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCryo‐electron tomography (cryo‐ET) is a groundbreaking technology for 3D visualisation and analysis of biomolecules in the context of cellular structures. It allows structural investigations of single proteins as well as their spatial arrangements within the cell. Cryo‐tomograms provide a snapshot of the complex, heterogeneous and transient subcellular environment. Due to the excellent structure preservation in amorphous ice, it is possible to study interactions and spatial relationships of proteins in their native state without interference caused by chemical fixatives or contrasting agents. With the introduction of focused ion beam (FIB) technology, the preparation of cellular samples for electron tomography has become much easier and faster. The latest generation of integrated FIB and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instruments (dual beam microscopes), specifically designed for cryo‐applications, provides advances in automation, imaging and the preparation of high‐pressure frozen bulk samples using cryo‐lift‐out technology. In addition, correlative cryo‐fluorescence microscopy provides cellular targeting information through integrated software and hardware interfaces. The rapid advances, based on the combination of correlative cryo‐microscopy, cryo‐FIB and cryo‐ET, have already led to a wealth of new insights into cellular processes and provided new 3D image data of the cell. Here we introduce our recent developments within the cryo‐tomography workflow, and we discuss the challenges that lie ahead.Lay DescriptionThis article describes our recent developments for the cryo‐electron tomography (cryo‐ET) workflow. Cryo‐ET offers superior structural preservation and provides 3D snapshots of the interior of vitrified cells at molecular resolution. Before a cellular sample can be imaged by cryo‐ET, it must be made accessible for transmission electron microscopy. This is achieved by preparing a 200–300 nm thin cryo‐lamella from the cellular sample using a cryo‐focused ion beam (cryo‐FIB) microscope. Cryo‐correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo‐CLEM) is used within the workflow to guide the cryo‐lamella preparation to the cellular areas of interest. We cover a basic introduction of the cryo‐ET workflow and show new developments for cryo‐CLEM, which facilitate the connection between the cryo‐light microscope and the cryo‐FIB. Next, we present our progress in cryo‐FIB software automation to streamline cryo‐lamella preparation. In the final section we demonstrate how the cryo‐FIB can be used for 3D imaging and how bulk‐frozen cellular samples (obtained by high‐pressure freezing) can be processed using the newly developed cryo‐lift‐out technology.
Update on noninvasive prenatal testing: A review based on current worldwide research
Authors: Samura Osamu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEight years have passed since noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was clinically evaluated and data on NIPT for trisomy 21, 18 and 13 were collected. The data revealed that NIPT is more accurate than conventional first‐trimester screening. However, there is still insufficient data regarding the clinical use of NIPT results in detecting sex chromosome aneuploidies or whole‐genome regions. NIPT is already being used as a clinical screening method globally. However, it is an unconfirmed diagnostic test and the results must be interpreted with caution as they may yield false negatives, false positives or inconclusive results. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the current status of information, including the different methodologies, shortcomings and implications, regarding NIPT after its adoption worldwide. It is important to include genetic counseling when implementing NIPT. Going forward, the knowledge obtained to date, including the associated shortcomings, must be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of NIPT in detecting genetic abnormalities.