bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence, Authority and Blame Conformity: Co-witness Influence Is Moderated by the Perceived Competence of the Information Source
Authors: Mojtahedi Dara , Ioannou Maria , Hammond Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests that co-witness influence is heavily dependent on how eyewitnesses perceive the source of information, with perceived credibility, authority and memory accuracy identified as significant predictors. However, very little research has directly investigated the effects of perceived intelligence on co-witness influence. The present study used confederates to expose participants (N = 182) to misinformation about a witnessed event, prior to collecting their statements. Participants were paired up with a confederate who was presented as either a PhD student (high intelligence), police officer (high authority), neutral (no information provided) or completed the study individually (control). Results found that participants were significantly more likely to blame the wrong person for the crime if it had been suggested to them by a police officer or PhD student. Implications of the findings suggest that the characteristics and perceptions of co-witnesses can moderate the risks of statement contamination.
Recommendations for revising the energy label system for dishwashers: supporting sustainable development and usage through the interaction of energy labels, technical improvements and consumer behaviour
Authors: Brunzell Lena , Renström Roger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHistorically, domestic chores such as washing dishes were all done by hand. Today it is estimated that 44% of the households in the EU are equipped with a dishwasher. In this article, we discuss the connections between technical developments, consumer behaviour and the test standard for energy labels. The aim of this study is to provide recommendations for future work that would strengthen the role of the energy label in order to promote the more sustainable technical development of household appliances. Technical developments are compared with the consequences of different consumer behaviour. It was found that technical developments could reduce annual energy use, but depending on the implemented technology, this is often complex and requires additional components. On the other hand, a consumer can easily increase energy usage by 50% without being aware of doing so, when goods are pre-treated, appliances incorrectly loaded, or inappropriate programs selected. Our recommendation is first of all to encourage the use of dishwashers as they consume less energy and water compared with washing up manually. A holistic approach should be taken to updating the energy labelling system. Actual consumer behaviour must be taken into account and, perhaps most importantly, as dishwashers are becoming ever more energy efficient, consumers must be educated in using the machines in an environmentally friendly way. We conclude that the energy labelling system is outdated; it must be fundamentally revised and must take into account consumer behaviour.
Midlife Work and Women’s Long-Term Health and Mortality
Authors: Caputo Jennifer , Pavalko Eliza K. , Hardy Melissa A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough paid work is a well-established predictor of health, several gaps in our knowledge about the relationship between adult work patterns and later health and mortality remain, including whether these benefits persist over long periods and whether they are dependent on subjective experiences with work. We draw on more than three decades of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women to assess how labor force participation over a period of 20 years during midlife is related to mental and physical health and mortality over the following 16–25 years. We find that consistent work earlier in life continues to predict improved health and longevity over many years as women enter late life, and this relationship does not differ between women with positive and those with negative subjective work experiences. These findings add to knowledge about how key adult social experiences are related to health as individuals enter later life.
Large hydraulic safety margins protect Neotropical canopy rainforest tree species against hydraulic failure during drought
Authors: Ziegler Camille , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément , Delzon Sylvain , Levionnois Sébastien , Cazal Jocelyn , Cochard Hervé , Esquivel-Muelbert Adriane , Goret Jean-Yves , Heuret Patrick , Jaouen Gaëlle , Santiago Louis S. , Bonal Damien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Key message
Abundant Neotropical canopy-tree species are more resistant to drought-induced branch embolism than what is currently admitted. Large hydraulic safety margins protect them from hydraulic failure under actual drought conditions.

Context
Xylem vulnerability to embolism, which is associated to survival under extreme drought conditions, is being increasingly studied in the tropics, but data on the risk of hydraulic failure for lowland Neotropical rainforest canopy-tree species, thought to be highly vulnerable, are lacking.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge on species drought-resistance characteristics in branches and leaves and the risk of hydraulic failure of abundant rainforest canopy-tree species during the dry season.

Methods
We first assessed the range of branch xylem vulnerability to embolism using the flow-centrifuge technique on 1-m-long sun-exposed branches and evaluated hydraulic safety margins with leaf turgor loss point and midday water potential during normal- and severe-intensity dry seasons for a large set of Amazonian rainforest canopy-tree species.

Results
Tree species exhibited a broad range of embolism resistance, with the pressure threshold inducing 50% loss of branch hydraulic conductivity varying from − 1.86 to − 7.63 MPa. Conversely, we found low variability in leaf turgor loss point and dry season midday leaf water potential, and mostly large, positive hydraulic safety margins.

Conclusions
Rainforest canopy-tree species growing under elevated mean annual precipitation can have high resistance to embolism and are more resistant than what was previously thought. Thanks to early leaf turgor loss and high embolism resistance, most species have a low risk of hydraulic failure and are well able to withstand normal and even severe dry seasons.
Microstructural characterization of a double pulse resistance spot welded 1200 MPa TBF steel
Authors: Stadler Manfred , Gruber Martin , Schnitzer Ronald , Hofer Christina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the automotive industry resistance, spot welding is the dominant technology in sheet metal joining of advanced high strength steels (AHSS). In order to improve the mechanical performance of AHSS welds, in-process tempering via a second pulse is a possible approach. In this work, two different double pulse welding schemes were applied to a 1200 MPa transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided bainitic ferrite (TBF) steel. The different microstructures in the welds were characterized via light optical and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, hardness mappings with several hundred indents were performed. It is shown that the second pulse, following a low first pulse which is high enough to produce a weld nugget that fulfills the quality criterion of a minimum spot weld diameter of 4*√t, leads to partial reaustenitization and consequently to a ferritic/martensitic microstructure after final quenching. Hardness mappings revealed that this inner FZ is harder than the surrounding FZ consisting of tempered martensite. In contrast, if the highest current without splashing is chosen for the first pulse, the same second pulse does not reaustenitize the FZ but only temper the martensite.
Hydrothermal synthesis of spherical carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) for supercapacitor electrodes uses
Authors: Sedira Sofiane , Mendaci Bilel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, hydrothermal method was used to provide stable colloidal suspension of spherical carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with good uniformity of size and shape. XRD analyses showed the formation of crystalline structure of carbon material. CNPs Raman spectrum indicates the high quality with a low content of structural defects and high graphitic degree. The formation of CNPs is confirmed by an absorption peak at 264 nm. XPS technique showed well a significant decrease of oxygen-containing functional groups, indicating a low degree of graphite oxidation. The active surface area of CNPs was measured by BET technique. TEM images show that CNPs are nearly spherical in shape and the diameters varying between 50 and 120 nm. The CV behaviors showed that CNPs exhibit the higher specific capacitance values, and is greatly improved over that of previously reported carbon nanomaterials.
SCR-Filter Model Order Reduction (1): Development and Validation of the Base “High-Fidelity” Model
Authors: Olowojebutu Seun , Steffen Thomas , Bush Phillip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCatalysed diesel particulate filters (c-DPF) have been described as multifunctional reactor systems. Integration of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) functionality in the DPF enhances filter performance to achieve nitrous oxides (NOx) treatment along with particulate matter (PM) collection. The physical and chemical aspects of the integrated SCR-filter make modelling difficult. The goal of this work is to develop a low-complexity model of the SCR-filter system with good fidelity. The first part of our work—presented in this paper—lays out the structure of the SCR-filter model and highlights a new approach to implement faster than real-time solution to the “full-order” or “high-complexity” model. The validated model was applied to evaluate the impact of diffusion on deNOx functionality of the SCR-filter system in a simulated characterisation exercise for the SCR-filter unit. We found that internal (pore) diffusion (effective diffusivity coefficient) and external channel to wall diffusion (mass transfer coefficient) orthogonal to the channel direction are significant for accurate characterisation of the deNOx performance of the SCR-coated filter system. System modelling can be used to select the geometric properties of the monolith (length and density of the SCR-coated filter system) and micro-properties of the washcoat (catalyst loading and zoning) to optimise the influence of diffusion on the system performance. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of a different approach to implementing the solution to the cDPF model and in enough detail so that it can be easily replicated.
The incidence of early post-operative hypoxemia and its contributing factors among patients underwent operation under anesthesia at University of Gondar comprehensive and specialized referral hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia, 2018. A prospective observational study
Authors: Melesse Debas Yaregal , Denu Zewditu Abdissa , Kassahun Habtamu Getinet , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypoxemia is defined as low level of oxygen in the blood. The early postoperative period is a critical time for developing hypoxemia. It is well known that the physiological response of the patient is not reversed immediately after anesthesia and surgery. Supplemental oxygen should be considered in patients who had operation under anesthesia at the potential time of post-operative period.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of early post-operative hypoxemia and its contributing factors among operated patients under anesthesia during transportation to recovery rooms and at recovery rooms.

Methods:
A prospective observational study design was conducted to determine the incidence of early post-operative hypoxemia and to identify the contributing factors among operated patients who had undergone with anesthesia from March 1 to April 10, 2018. Data were checked on daily basis. Data were entered to Epi Info and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient's sociodemographic data. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted to see the existence of the association between dependent and independent variables.

Results:
424 operated patients were included. The overall incidence of early post-operative hypoxemia among the study subjects (424) was 113 (26.7%). The risk factors of early post-operative hypoxemia were preoperative oxygen saturation <95%, general anesthesia, heart disease, subcostal incision, surgical duration ≥120 min, muscular strength score 0 and hepato-biliary-pancreas surgeries.

Conclusion:
The incidence of early postoperative hypoxemia was high and risk factors of early post-operative hypoxemia were preoperative oxygen saturation<95%, general anesthesia, heart disease, subcostal incision, surgical duration >120 min, muscular strength score 0 and hepato-biliary-pancreas surgeries. Therefore, oxygen administration should be commenced to all risky patients for hypoxemia during early post-operative period.

Highlights:
Inhomogeneous phase-type distributions and heavy tails
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Bladt Mogens 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe extend the construction principle of phase-type (PH) distributions to allow for inhomogeneous transition rates and show that this naturally leads to direct probabilistic descriptions of certain transformations of PH distributions. In particular, the resulting matrix distributions enable the carrying over of fitting properties of PH distributions to distributions with heavy tails, providing a general modelling framework for heavy-tail phenomena. We also illustrate the versatility and parsimony of the proposed approach in modelling a real-world heavy-tailed fire insurance dataset.
How strong can the Parrondo effect be?
Authors: Ethier S. N. , Lee Jiyeon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParrondo’s coin-tossing games were introduced as a toy model of the flashing Brownian ratchet in statistical physics but have emerged as a paradigm for a much broader phenomenon that occurs if there is a reversal in direction in some system parameter when two similar dynamics are combined. Our focus here, however, is on the original Parrondo games, usually labeledAandB. We show that if the parameters of the games are allowed to be arbitrary, subject to a fairness constraint, and if the two (fair) gamesAandBare played in an arbitrary periodic sequence, then the rate of profit can not only be positive (the so-called Parrondo effect), but can also be arbitrarily close to 1 (i.e. 100%).
Dynamics of the contents and distribution of ABA, auxins and aquaporins in developing caryopses of an ABA-deficient barley mutant and its parental cultivar
Authors: Seldimirova Oksana A. , Kudoyarova Guzel R. , Katsuhara Maki , Galin Ilshat R. , Zaitsev Denis Yu. , Kruglova Natalia N. , Veselov Dmitry S. , Veselov Stanislav Yu. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDynamics of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents were followed in developing barley caryopses of the ABA-deficient mutant AZ34 and its parental cultivar Steptoe. Distribution of these hormones and HvPIP2 aquaporins (AQPs) was studied with the help of immunohistochemical methods in the roots and coleorhiza of developing embryos. In Steptoe, maturation of the caryopsis was accompanied by vast accumulation of ABA, while this hormone accumulated more slowly in the caryopsis of AZ34 and its content was lower than in Steptoe. Accumulation of ABA was accompanied by a decline in IAA level in the developing caryopsis, the process being delayed in AZ34 in accordance with the slower accumulation of ABA. ABA accumulated to high levels in the coleorhiza cells of Steptoe, while the effect was absent in AZ34. The high level of ABA was likely to be important for maintaining the barrier function of the coleorhiza, preventing germination of seminal roots and enabling seed dormancy, while the absence of ABA accumulation in coleorhiza of AZ34 may be responsible for the initiation of root germination inside the caryopsis. The abundance of HvPIP2 AQPs in the seminal roots was higher at the beginning of maturation of Steptoe caryopsis and declined afterwards, while the levels of APQs increased later in AZ34 in accordance with the delay in ABA accumulation. These results suggest the importance of ABA accumulation in coleorhiza for preventing precocious growth of seminal roots, and suggest regulation of IAA and aquaporin levels by this hormone during maturation of embryos.
Neuropsychological Trajectories Associated with Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Prospective 14-Year Study
Authors: Infante M. Alejandra , Nguyen-Louie Tam T. , Worley Matthew , Courtney Kelly E. , Coronado Clarisa , Jacobus Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives:Alcohol and cannabis remain the substances most widely used by adolescents. Better understanding of the dynamic relationship between trajectories of substance use in relation to neuropsychological functioning is needed. The aim of this study was to examine the different impacts of within- and between-person changes in alcohol and cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning over multiple time points.Methods:Hierarchical linear modeling examined the effects of alcohol and cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning over the course of 14 years in a sample of 175 adolescents (aged 12–15 years at baseline).Results:Time-specific fluctuations in alcohol use (within-person effect) predicted worse performance across time on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Block Design subtest (B = −.05, SE = .02, p = .01). Greater mean levels of percent days of cannabis use across time (between-person effect) were associated with an increased contrast score between Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Color Word Inhibition and Color Naming conditions (B = .52, SE = .14, p < .0001) and poorer performance over time on Block Design (B = −.08, SE = .04, p = .03). Neither alcohol and/nor cannabis use over time was associated with performance in the verbal memory and processing speed domains.Conclusions:Greater cumulative cannabis use over adolescence may be linked to poorer inhibitory control and visuospatial functioning performance, whereas more proximal increases in alcohol consumption during adolescence may drive alcohol-related performance decrements in visuospatial functioning. Results from this prospective study add to the growing body of literature on the impact of alcohol and cannabis use on cognition from adolescent to young adulthood.
Testing the Radiation Pattern of Meteor Radio Afterglow
Authors: Varghese S. S. , Obenberger K. S. , Taylor G. B. , Dowell J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadio emission from meteors or meteor radio afterglows (MRAs) was first detected using the all‐sky imaging capabilities of the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1). In this work, we use the recently commissioned LWA Sevilleta (LWA‐SV) station along with the LWA1 to carry out coordinated observations. The combined all‐sky observations with LWA1 and LWA‐SV have coobserved 32 MRAs and 21 transmitter reflections from meteors (meteor scatter events), which are believed to be specular reflections from overdense trails. The flux density of the events observed by each station was measured from the all‐sky images. Triangulating the angular direction of events from each station gave the physical location and the distance of the event to each station. The luminosity of the events in each station was calculated using the flux distance relation for an isotropic source. The luminosity distribution for MRAs and meteor scatter events observed by each station shows a clear distinction between these two types of events as the ratio of luminosities is closer to unity for MRAs than the meteor scatter events. Furthermore, we find that MRAs follow an isotropic radiation pattern. This suggests, either a complete incoherent emission mechanism or an incoherent addition of coherently emitting small regions within the meteor trail.
Collapse of Reacted Fracture Surface Decreases Permeability and Frictional Strength
Authors: Spokas K. , Fang Y. , Fitts J. P. , Peters C. A. , Elsworth D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeochemical and geomechanical perturbations of the subsurface caused by the injection of fluids present risks of leakage and seismicity. This study investigated how acidic fluid flow affects hydraulic and frictional properties of fractures using experiments with 3.8‐cm‐long specimens of Eagle Ford shale, a laminated shale with carbonate‐rich strata. In low‐pressure flow cells, one set of samples was exposed to acidic brine and another set was exposed to neutral brine. X‐ray computed tomography and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed that samples exposed to acidic brine were calcite‐depleted and had developed a porous altered layer, while the other set showed no evidence of alteration. After reaction, samples were compressed and sheared in a triaxial cell that supplied normal stress and differential pore pressure at prescribed sliding velocities, independently measuring friction and permeability. During the initial compression, the porous altered layer collapsed into fine particles that filled the fracture. This effectively impeded flow and sealed the fracture, resulting in fracture permeability to decrease 1 to 2 orders of magnitude relative to the unaltered fractures. This is a favorable outcome in subsurface applications where the goal is to reduce leakage risks. However, during shear the reacted fracture had lower frictional strength because the fine‐grained particles in the collapsed layer prevented the formation of interlocking microasperities. Therefore, coupled geochemical and geomechanical processes that could favorably seal fractures could also increase the likelihood of induced seismicity. These findings have important implications for geological carbon sequestration, pressurized fluid energy storage, geothermal energy, and other subsurface technologies.
Adakite‐Like Potassic Magmatism and Crust‐Mantle Interaction in a Postcollisional Setting: An Experimental Study of Melting Beneath the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xiong , Zhang Junfeng , Rushmer Tracy , Adam John , Turner Simon , Xu Wangchun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdakite‐like potassic rocks are widespread in postcollisional settings where they provide potential insights into deep crustal processes that include partial melting, lower crustal flow and thickening, plateau uplift, and the creation of porphyry metal deposits. Although substantial progress has been made in characterizing the geochemical and geophysical features of postcollisional adakite‐like potassic rocks, their petrogenesis remains controversial. Here we report direct experimental evidence for the origins of these rocks with partial melting experiments on (1) garnet amphibolite and (2) the same garnet amphibolite mixed with 20 wt. % of a primitive Tibetan shoshonite. The experiments were conducted at 1.5–2.0 GPa and 800–1,000 °C. The partial melts of garnet amphibolite have typical adakitic signatures and are calc‐alkalic but lack the enrichment in potassium and other strongly incompatible elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U) that are characteristic of Tibetan adakite‐like rocks. In contrast, all characteristic features of the natural adakite‐like rocks are convincingly reproduced by the hybrid experiments. This includes negative inflections for Nb, Ta, and Ti on mantle‐normalized plots which are inherited from source materials rather than the effects of rutile in melting residues. The input of mantle‐derived shoshonitic mafic melts to a crustal source can be argued to provide not only the high concentrations of incompatible elements characteristic of adakite‐like potassic magmas but also the heat necessary for crustal melting. Our experimental results demonstrate that, in the case of the Tibetan Plateau at least, the production of adakite‐like potassic rocks in postcollisional settings can be best explained by such a model.