bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Assay of Fermented Artocarpus altilis Leaves Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Authors: Riasari Hesti , Febriani Yessi , Nurfauziah Winda A. 
Published: November 2019

Fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves contains phenolic compound that has pharmacological activity. Differences in fermentation method, i.e., aerobic and anaerobic fermentation might change its characteristics and biological activity. The purpose of this study was to compare toxicity properties between aerobically and anaerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) test. Both types of fermented leaves were cold extracted using ethanol solvent (1:6) for 3 x 24 hours. Phytochemical screening was then performed to examine the presence of secondary metabolite compounds. BSL test was performed in 7 treatment groups, i.e., negative control, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ppm of extract. Each vial contained 10 Artemia larvae, extract, and sea water up to 10 ml. Toxicity is measured by calculating LC50 after 24 hours observation. The experiment was repeated three times. The results of the study showed that LC50 of aerobic extract was 712 ppm, thus it can be categorized as toxic, while that of anaerobic extract is 1.927 ppm, or non-toxic to the Artemia salina larvae. In conclusion, aerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves had toxicity potency, while anaerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves had no toxicity potency against Artemia salina in BSL test. Key words: Artocarpus altilis, brine shrimp lethality test, toxicity.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY LEADERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Syamsudin  , Agus Setyawan Anton , Nuryulia Praswati Aflit 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the organizational commitment of Muhammadiyah university leaders in Indonesia. In this study, we describe factors of organizational commitment and explain those factors partially.
Methodology: This design of this study is quantitative. We conduct surveys involved 120 respondents from 12 Muhammadiyah universities. In this study, we use purposive sampling methods with the student body of the university and size of academic board as special characteristics of the samples.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the affective commitment of all Muhammadiyah university leaders is more glaring with high trust and great loyalty to their organization as major features. They run the organization guided by the concept of amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar (spreading goodness and eradicating badness).
Implications: Muhammadiyah universities need to compare their leader’s commitment before and after accommodating regulation about university governance. This could be a foundation to build a strategic approach for organizations in order to achieve their mission.
Novelty/Originality: This study analyzes commitment, governance and shared the vision of one of the largest Islamic organizations in the world. It also discusses university governance generally.
Geografía y calidad de vida en la Argentina:
Authors: Velázquez Guillermo Angel , Celemin Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2019

Una de las características por las que se destaca la ciencia geográfica es la elaboración de cartografía que permite llevar el análisis al territorio, recurriendo a diferentes escalas que consienten desde el estudio a escala nacional. En este contexto se propone conocer la calidad de vida a partir de un índice (ICV) elaborado con anterioridad a escala departamental y un índice de calidad de vida a nivel de radio censal (el mayor nivel de desagregación territorial posible) remarcando las situaciones más extremas. En este artículo se propone un Índice de Calidad de Vida (ICV) a escala de radios censales para la Argentina a partir de una combinación ponderada de indicadores socioeconómicos y ambientales. Para ello se adaptan las variables que componen el ICV por departamentos (525 unidades) a los radios censales de INDEC 2010 (52.408 unidades). En el caso de las variables socioeconómicas es posible procesar la información hasta el nivel de radios (salvo para la tasa de mortalidad infantil). Para las variables ambientales, en cambio, debimos recurrir a otros procedimientos para su ajuste. Los resultados muestran que en los contextos adversos (departamentos con baja calidad de vida) los respectivos radios censales se muestran bastante homogéneos. Por el contrario, en los departamentos con alta calidad de vida, los respectivos radios exhiben un alto grado de fragmentación socio-territorial.
Las relaciones y políticas del estado chino con sus diáspora. Apuntes sobre la burocracia diaspórica desde Argentina
Authors: Denardi Luciana Emilia 
Published: November 2019

Este artículo analiza las políticas del Estado Chino respecto a sus diásporas en general y el anclaje de dichas políticas en la diáspora china en Argentina en particular. Basado en un trabajo etnográfico realizado entre 2012 y 2015 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires que tuvo como objetivo identificar las transformaciones que se dieron en distintos ámbitos de la diáspora con el fortalecimiento de las relaciones entre China y Argentina, se propone que la idea que circula extendidamente sobre el Estado chino omnipresente, jerárquico y ritualizado está impidiendo el análisis de otros agentes informalmente burocráticos que cumplen un rol fundamental al menos en la diáspora de Buenos Aires.
Para ello se presentan dos escenarios de la comunidad overseas antes ocupados por la burocracia diaspórica informal para dar cuenta de los cambios y/o tensiones que generó la llegada de la burocracia diaspórica formal china.
En primer lugar, se realizará una pequeña cronología de las políticas que el Estado Chino puso en marcha sobre sus ciudadanos residentes en otros países. Se fundamentará la necesidad de dar cuenta de estas “comunidades” como diásporas. Luego, se analizará por un lado el surgimiento de nuevas asociaciones chinas en Buenos Aires, y por otro las disputas, tensiones y conflictos que se generaron alrededor del festejo del Año Nuevo Chino.
Regorafenib plus FOLFIRI with irinotecan dose escalated according to uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 genotyping in previous treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ma Cheng-Jen , Chang Tsung-Kun , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Su Wei-Chih , Huang Ching-Wen , Yeh Yung-Sung , Chang Yu-Tang , Wang Jaw Yuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) previously treated with fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, monoclonal antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monoclonal antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A dose reduction from 160 mg to 120 mg regorafenib reduces regorafenib-associated adverse events (AEs). Dose adjustment of irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimen on basis of individual uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype provides optimal oncological outcomes with acceptable AEs. This study is trying to address the efficacy and safety of dose adjusted combination of regorafenib and FOLFIRI for patients with mCRC. Methods A prospective, multicenter, randomized in a 2:1 ratio, controlled, clinical trial with two parallel arms will be conducted to compare irinotecan dose escalated FOLFIRI according to UGT1A1 genotyping plus 120 mg regorafenib with 120 mg regorafenib alone in previously treated patients with mCRC. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints are overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), time to progression (TTP), and duration of treatment (DoT). Safety assessments are recorded as well. Discussion Dose adjustment for regorafenib and irinotecan makes treatment-related AEs tolerable and makes the concomitant treatment practicable. This study will provide initial evidences regarding the efficacy and safety of a new combination of chemotherapy and a targeted agent for mCRC.
Study protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility study of food related computerised attention training versus mindfulness-training and waiting list control for adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Beivide Daniela Mercado , Werthmann Jessica , Campbell Iain C , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a highly prevalent condition with multiple adverse health consequences. Widely available first-line treatments for obesity, such as dietary and other lifestyle interventions, typically have only short-term effects. Thus, new treatment approaches are needed. Novel interventions such as Attention Bias Modification Training (ABMT) and Mindfulness Based Interventions focus on modifying different maladaptive cognitive patterns typically present in people with obesity (e.g. attention bias to food cues), however, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. We describe the theoretical basis and the rationale for a study protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing two attention trainings (ABMT vs Mindfulness Training [MT]) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study is to inform the development of a large scale RCT in relation to acceptability and attendance rates and to identify preliminary evidence for the interventions’ clinical efficacy and potential underlying mechanisms.
Design: Forty-five adults who are either overweight or obese (minimum body mass index of 25 kg/m2) will be randomly allocated to receive eight sessions over eight weeks of either computerised ABMT or MT or be on a waiting list. Clinical and cognitive outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment (8 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks post-randomisation). These include mood, body composition and attention biases. Credibility and acceptability of the trainings will be assessed using questionnaires, and recruitment and retention rates will be recorded.
Discussion: Findings will inform the feasibility of developing a large scale RCT that takes into consideration effect sizes for primary outcome measures and the acceptability of the design. The study will also provide preliminary evidence on the clinical efficacy of two different attention trainings for people with obesity and their underlying mechanisms.
Effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé approach on physical activity, healthy eating and fundamental movement skills of preschoolers attending childcare centres: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leis Anne , Ward Stéphanie , Vatanparast Hassan , Humbert Louise , Chow Amanda Froehlich , Muhajarine Nazeem , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Bélanger Mathieu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Since young children spend approximately 30 hours per week in early childcare centres (ECC), this setting is ideal to foster healthy behaviors. This study aimed to asses the effectiveness of the Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HSDS) randomized controlled trial in increasing physical activity (PA) levels and improving healthy eating and fundamental movement skills in preschoolers attending ECC. Methods: Sixty-one ECC were randomly selected and allocated to either the usual practice (n=30; n=433 children) or intervention group (n=31; n=464 children). The HSDS intervention group was provided a 3-hour on-site training for childcare educators which aimed to increase their knowledge and self-efficacy in promoting healthy eating, PA and development of fundamental movement skills in preschoolers. PA was measured during childcare hours for five consecutive days using the Actical accelerometer. Preschoolers’ fundamental movement skills were assessed using the standard TGMD-II protocol and POMP scores. Food intake was evaluated using digital photography-assisted weighted plate waste at lunch, over two consecutive days. All data were collected prior to the HSDS intervention and again 9 months later. Mixed-effect models were used to analyse the effectiveness of the HSDS intervention on all outcome measures. Results: Total number of children who provided valid data at baseline and endpoint for PA, food intake and fundamental movement skills were 259, 670 and 492, respectively. Children in the HSDS intervention group had, on average, a 3.33 greater point increase in their locomotor motor skills scores than children in the control group (β=3.33, p=0.009). No significant differences in effects were observed for object control, PA and food intake. However, results demonstrated a marginal increase in portions of fruits and vegetables served in the intervention group compared to control group (β=0.06, p=0.05). Conclusion: Locomotor skills showed a significant improvement in the intervention group compared to the control one. Although modest beneficial effects of HSDS were found, most outcome indicators progressed in a direction favouring the HSDS intervention compared to the usual practice group.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals the low-temperature-tolerance mechanism of Medicago falcata roots
Authors: Cui Guowen , Chai Hua , Yin Hang , Yang Mei , Hu Guofu , Guo Mingying , Yi Rugeletu , Zhang Pan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Low temperature is one of the main environmental factors that limits crop growth, development, and production. Medicago falcata is an important leguminous herb that is widely distributed worldwide. M. falcata is related to alfalfa but is more tolerant to low temperature than alfalfa. Understanding the low temperature tolerance mechanism of M. falcata is important for the genetic improvement of alfalfa. Results: In this study, we explored the transcriptomic changes in the roots of low-temperature-treated M. falcata plants by combining SMRT sequencing and NGS technologies. A total of 115,153 nonredundant sequences were obtained, and 8,849 AS events, 73,149 SSRs, and 4,189 lncRNAs were predicted. A total of 111,587 genes from SMRT sequencing were annotated, and 11,369 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and endocytosis pathways were identified. We characterized 1,538 TF genes into 45 TF gene families, and the most abundant TF family was the WRKY family, followed by the ERF, MYB, bHLH and NAC families. A total of 134 genes, including 101 whose expression was upregulated and 33 whose expression was downregulated, were differentially coexpressed at all five temperature points. PB40804, PB75011, PB110405 and PB108808 were found to play crucial roles in the tolerance of M. falcata to low temperature. WGCNA revealed that the MEbrown module was significantly correlated with low-temperature stress in M. falcata. Electrolyte leakage was correlated with most genetic modules and verified that electrolyte leakage can be used as a direct stress marker in physiological assays to indicate cell membrane damage from low-temperature stress. The consistency between the qRT-PCR results and RNA-seq analyses confirmed the validity of the RNA-seq data and the analysis of the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature stress on the basis of the transcriptome. Conclusions: The full-length transcripts generated in this study provide a full characterization of the transcriptome of M. falcata and may be useful for mining new low-temperature stress-related genes specific to M. falcata. These new findings could facilitate the understanding of the low-temperature-tolerance mechanism of M. falcata.
Associations between echocardiographic manifestations and bacterial species in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study
Authors: Damlin Anna , Westling Katarina , Maret Eva , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Caidahl Kenneth , Eriksson Maria J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on microbiological analyses and diagnostic imaging of cardiac manifestations. Echocardiography (ECHO) is preferred for visualization of IE-induced cardiac manifestations. We investigated associations between bacterial infections and IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO. Methods In this cohort study, data from patients aged 18 years or above, with definite IE admitted at the Karolinska University Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were obtained from Swedish National Registry of Endocarditis. Bacteria registered as pathogen were primarily selected from positive blood culture and for patients with negative blood culture, bacteria found in culture or PCR from postoperative material was registered as pathogen. Patients with negative results from culture or PCR, and patients who did not undergo ECHO during hospital stay, were excluded. IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO were obtained from the registry. Chi-squared test and two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between categorical variables, and student’s t test was used for continuous numerical variables. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression. Secular trend analyses were performed using linear regression. Associations and the strength between the variables were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 239, 49%) and viridans group streptococci (n = 102, 21%). The most common manifestations were vegetation in the mitral (n = 195, 40%), aortic (n = 190, 39%), and tricuspid valves (n = 108, 22%). Associations were seen between aortic valve vegetations and Enterococcus faecalis among patients with native aortic valves, between mitral valve vegetations and streptococci of group B or viridans group, between tricuspid valve vegetations and S.aureus among patients with intravenous drug abuse, and between perivalvular abscesses as well as cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-associated IE and coagulase negative staphylococci (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Associations were found between certain bacterial species and specific ECHO manifestations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of IE manifestations and their underlying bacterial etiology, which pathogens can cause severe infections and might require close follow-up and surgical treatment.
Pregnancy options counselling in Ghana: A case study of women with unintended pregnancies in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Agbeno Evans Kofi , Gbagbo Fred Yao , Morhe ESK , Maltima Soale Issah , Sarbeng Kwadwo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy crisis mismanagement has contributed to maternal deaths and illnesses globally and in Ghana due to absence/inadequate pregnancy options counselling for clients to make informed decisions. This study examines options counselling for abortion seekers in health facilities in Ghana.

Methods
Analytical cross-sectional study design was done in selected specialised public and NGO health facilities within Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana, using self-administered structured questionnaires for data collection from 1st January to 30th April, 2014. Participants were 442 women with unintended pregnancies seeking abortion services. Data was analysed using Epi-Info (7.1.1.14) and STATA 12 to generate descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regressions. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology approved the study.

Results
Respondents had divergent reproductive and socio-demographic profiles. Majority (about 58%) of them had been pregnant more than twice, but about 53% of this population had no biological children. (Although about 90% of respondents held perceptions that the index and previous pregnancies were mistimed/unintended, the majority (72%) had no induced abortion history. Induced abortion (208, 49%) and parenting (216, 51%) were mentioned as the only available options to unintended pregnancy in hospitals. Exposure to options counselling was observed to be significantly associated with parity (P= <0.001), gestational age (P= <0.001), previous induced abortions (P= <0.001), perception of pregnancy at conception (P= <0.001) and level of education (P= 0.002). The logistic regression analysis also shows that higher education has statistically significant effect on being exposed to options counselling (P= <0.001). Majority of respondents (95%) were not aware that giving a child up for adoption is an option to abortion in Ghana.

Conclusions
Pregnancy options counselling remains a major challenge in comprehensive abortion care in Ghana. Although higher educational attainments significantly exposes women to options counselling for informed decisions, the less educated are disadvantaged in this regard. Further research on type and depth of counselling services provided to pregnant women in health facilities is required to inform health policy and program decisions.
Acceptability of Internet-based interventions for problem gambling: a qualitative study of focus groups with clients and clinicians
Authors: Sanchez Sherald , Jindani Farah , Shi Jing , Maas Mark van der , Hagopian Sylvia , Murray Robert , Turner Nigel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although Internet-based interventions (IBIs) have been around for two decades, uptake has been slow. Increasing the acceptability of IBIs among end users may increase uptake. In this study, we explored the factors that shape acceptability of IBIs for problem gambling from the perspective of clients and clinicians. Findings from this qualitative study of focus groups informed the design and implementation of an IBI for problem gambling.Methods Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted three focus groups with clients experiencing gambling problems (total n = 13) and two with clinicians providing problem gambling treatment (total n = 21). Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a two-part inductive-deductive approach to thematic analysis.Results Although both user groups reported similar experiences, each group also had unique concerns. Clinician perspectives were more homogeneous reflective of healthcare professionals sharing the same practice and values. Clinicians were more concerned about issues relating to the dissemination of IBIs into clinical settings, including the development of policies and protocols and the implications of IBIs on the therapeutic relationship. In comparison, client narratives were more heterogeneous descriptive of diverse experiences and individual preferences, such as the availability of services on a 24-hour basis. There was consensus among clients and clinicians on common factors influencing acceptability: access, usability, high quality technology, privacy and security, and the value of professional guidance.Conclusions Acceptability is an important factor in the overall effectiveness of IBIs. Gaining an understanding of how end users perceive IBIs and why they choose to use IBIs can be instrumental in the successful and meaningful design, implementation, and evaluation of IBIs.