bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human CD4+ T cell subsets differ in their abilities to cross endothelial and epithelial brain barriers in vitro
Authors: Nishihara Hideaki , Soldati Sasha , Mossu Adrien , Rosito Maria , Rudolph Henriette , Muller William A. , Latorre Daniela , Sallusto Federica , Sospedra Mireia , Martin Roland , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Tenenbaum Tobias , Schroten Horst , Gosselet Fabien , Engelhardt Britta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The brain barriers establish compartments in the central nervous system (CNS) that significantly differ in their communication with the peripheral immune system. In this function they strictly control T-cell entry into the CNS. T cells can reach the CNS by either crossing the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) or the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus (ChP).

Objective
Analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the migration of different human CD4+ T-cell subsets across the BBB versus the BCSFB.

Methods
Human in vitro models of the BBB and BCSFB were employed to study the migration of circulating and CNS-entry experienced CD4+ T helper cell subsets (Th1, Th1*, Th2, Th17) across the BBB and BCSFB under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions in vitro.

Results
While under non-inflammatory conditions Th1* and Th1 cells preferentially crossed the BBB, under inflammatory conditions the migration rate of all Th subsets across the BBB was comparable. The migration of all Th subsets across the BCSFB from the same donor was 10- to 20-fold lower when compared to their migration across the BBB. Interestingly, Th17 cells preferentially crossed the BCSFB under both, non-inflamed and inflamed conditions. Barrier-crossing experienced Th cells sorted from CSF of MS patients showed migratory characteristics indistinguishable from those of circulating Th cells of healthy donors. All Th cell subsets could additionally cross the BCSFB from the CSF to ChP stroma side. T-cell migration across the BCSFB involved epithelial ICAM-1 irrespective of the direction of migration.

Conclusions
Our observations underscore that different Th subsets may use different anatomical routes to enter the CNS during immune surveillance versus neuroinflammation with the BCSFB establishing a tighter barrier for T-cell entry into the CNS compared to the BBB. In addition, CNS-entry experienced Th cell subsets isolated from the CSF of MS patients do not show an increased ability to cross the brain barriers when compared to circulating Th cell subsets from healthy donors underscoring the active role of the brain barriers in controlling T-cell entry into the CNS. Also we identify ICAM-1 to mediate T cell migration across the BCSFB.
So, what is chiropractic? Summary and reflections on a series of papers in Chiropractic and Manual Therapies
Authors: Hartvigsen Jan , French Simon D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis commentary brings the 2017–2019 thematic series What is Chiropractic? to a close. The 18 papers published in the series contribute to a better understanding of what chiropractic is, where chiropractors practice and function, who seeks their care, what chiropractors do, and how they interact with other healthcare professionals. Several papers in the series highlighted deeply rooted disagreements within chiropractic about fundamental issues pertaining to ideology, acceptance of scientific evidence as the basis for clinical practice and the future of chiropractic. If the chiropractic profession is to remain relevant in today’s evidence-based healthcare environment, there is an urgent for the profession to undertake further research to describe what chiropractic is, what chiropractors do, and provide evidence for the value of these activities to patients and healthcare decision makers.
Host proteome linked to HPV E7-mediated specific gene hypermethylation in cancer pathways
Authors: Na Rangsee Nopphamon , Yanatatsaneejit Pattamawadee , Pisitkun Trairak , Somparn Poorichaya , Jintaridth Pornrutsami , Topanurak Supachai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes around 90% of cervical cancer cases, and cervical cancer is a leading cause of female mortality worldwide. HPV-derived oncoprotein E7 participates in cervical carcinogenesis by inducing aberrant host DNA methylation. However, the targeting specificity of E7 methylation of host genes is not fully understood but is important in the down-regulation of crucial proteins of the hallmark cancer pathways. In this study, we aim to link E7-driven aberrations in the host proteome to corresponding gene promoter hypermethylation events in the hope of providing novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers to indicate the progression of cervical cancer.

Methods
HEK293 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-E7 plasmid and empty vector and subjected to mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Down-regulated proteins (where relative abundance was determined significant by paired T-test) relevant to cancer pathways were selected as gene candidates for mRNA transcript abundance measurement by qPCR and expression compared with that in SiHa cells (HPV type 16 positive). Methylation Specific PCR was used to determine promoter hypermethylation in genes downregulated in both SiHa and transfected HEK293 cell lines. The FunRich and STRING databases were used for identification of potential regulatory transcription factors and the proteins interacting with transcription factor gene candidates, respectively.

Results
Approximately 400 proteins totally were identified in proteomics analysis. The transcripts of six genes involved in the host immune response and cell proliferation (PTMS, C1QBP, BCAP31, CDKN2A, ZMYM6 and HIST1H1D) were down-regulated, corresponding to proteomic results. Methylation assays showed four gene promoters (PTMS, C1QBP, BCAP31 and CDKN2A) were hypermethylated with 61, 55.5, 70 and 78% increased methylation, respectively. Those four genes can be regulated by the GA-binding protein alpha chain, specificity protein 1 and ETS-like protein-1 transcription factors, as identified from FunRich database predictions.

Conclusions
HPV E7 altered the HEK293 proteome, particularly with respect to proteins involved in cell proliferation and host immunity. Down-regulation of these proteins appears to be partly mediated via host DNA methylation. E7 possibly complexes with the transcription factors of its targeting genes and DNMT1, allowing methylation of specific target gene promoters.
How POCUS picks up a rare mimickers of acute appendicitis in the emergency department
Authors: Al Sheikh Shihab , Al Ali Mariam , Kiran Dhanya Sochel , Al Tabatabai Mohsen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Appendicitis is the most common surgical abdominal emergency. Punctual diagnosis and rapid operative treatment of acute appendicitis are critically important, as it reduces the risk of complications, associated with greater morbidity and cost of care. The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis can be difficult and confusing. Due to some typical presentation and mimic, several abdominal conditions are left undiagnosed. POCUS has comparatively acceptable sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosing acute appendicitis, and early practice POCUS has a standalone test to rule out acute appendicitis.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain rated 5/10 in intensity which had localized to the right iliac fossa by the time he attended our emergency. He described the acute pain as sharp in nature, colicky without the presence of any radiation. The pain was associated with nausea, but there was no vomiting. On clinical examination, the patient was stable at first, had a normal temperature with tenderness and guarding the right iliac fossa under nearby normal laboratory investigation.

Conclusion
The importance of POCUS in scanning right iliac fossa for patients present with signs and symptoms that are mimicking acute appendicitis for diagnosing a rare pathology and avoiding the risk of ionizing radiation hazards and unnecessary surgical intervention.
Enhancement of the serum chloride concentration by administration of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and its mechanisms and clinical significance in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study
Authors: Kataoka Hajime , Yoshida Yuichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChloride is a key electrolyte that regulates the body fluid distribution. Accordingly, manipulating chloride kinetics by selecting a suitable diuretic could be an attractive strategy for correcting body fluid dysregulation. Therefore, this study examined the effects and contributing factors of a sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on the serum chloride concentration in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients without heart failure (HF).MethodsThis study was a retrospective single-center observational study that enrolled 10 T2DM/non-HF outpatients for whom the SGLT2i empagliflozin (daily oral dose of 10 mg) was prescribed. Among these 10 patients, 6 underwent detailed clinical testing that included hormonal and metabolic blood tests.ResultsEmpagliflozin treatment for 1–2 months decreased body weight (− 2.69 ± 1.9 kg; p = 0.002) and HbA1c (− 0.88 ± 0.55%; p = 0.0007). The hemoglobin (+ 0.27 ± 0.36 g/dL; p = 0.04) and hematocrit (+ 1.34 ± 1.38%; p = 0.014) values increased, but the serum creatinine concentration remained unchanged. The serum chloride concentration increased from 104 ± 3.23 to 106 ± 2.80 mEq/L (p = 0.004), but the sodium and potassium concentrations did not change. The spot urinary sodium concentration decreased from 159 ± 43 to 98 ± 35 mEq/L (p < 0.02) and the spot urinary chloride tended to decrease (from 162 ± 59 to 104 ± 36 mEq/L, p < 0.08). Both renin and aldosterone tended to be activated (5/6, 83%). The strong organic acid metabolite concentrations of serum acetoacetate (from 42 ± 25 to 100 ± 45 μmol/L, p < 0.02) and total ketone bodies (from 112 ± 64 to 300 ± 177 μmol/L, p < 0.04) increased, but the actual HCO3−concentration decreased (from 27 ± 2.5 to 24 ± 1.6 mEq/L, p < 0.008).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that SGLT2i enhances the serum chloride concentration in T2DM patients and suggests that the effect is mediated by the possible following mechanisms: (1) enhanced reabsorption of urinary chloride by aldosterone activation due to blood pressure lowering and blood vessel contraction effects, (2) reciprocal increase in the serum chloride concentration by reducing the serum HCO3−concentration via a buffering effect of strong organic acid metabolites, and (3) reduced NaHCO3reabsorption and concurrently enhanced chloride reabsorption in the urinary tubules by inhibiting Na+–H+exchanger 3 in the renal proximal tubules. Thus, the diuretic SGLT2i induces excessive extravascular fluid to drain into the vascular space by the enhanced vascular “tonicity” caused by the elevated serum chloride concentration.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Parate Dinesh , Kadir Nurul Dinah , Celik Cenk , Lee Eng Hin , Hui James H. P. , Franco-Obregón Alfredo , Yang Zheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, via the combined actions of its plethora of biologically active factors, is capable of orchestrating the regenerative responses of numerous tissues by both eliciting and amplifying biological responses within recipient cells. MSCs are “environmentally responsive” to local micro-environmental cues and biophysical perturbations, influencing their differentiation as well as secretion of bioactive factors. We have previously shown that exposures of MSCs to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) enhanced MSC chondrogenesis. Here, we investigate the influence of PEMF exposure over the paracrine activity of MSCs and its significance to cartilage regeneration.

Methods
Conditioned medium (CM) was generated from MSCs subjected to either 3D or 2D culturing platforms, with or without PEMF exposure. The paracrine effects of CM over chondrocytes and MSC chondrogenesis, migration and proliferation, as well as the inflammatory status and induced apoptosis in chondrocytes and MSCs was assessed.

Results
We show that benefits of magnetic field stimulation over MSC-derived chondrogenesis can be partly ascribed to its ability to modulate the MSC secretome. MSCs cultured on either 2D or 3D platforms displayed distinct magnetic sensitivities, whereby MSCs grown in 2D or 3D platforms responded most favorably to PEMF exposure at 2 mT and 3 mT amplitudes, respectively. Ten minutes of PEMF exposure was sufficient to substantially augment the chondrogenic potential of MSC-derived CM generated from either platform. Furthermore, PEMF-induced CM was capable of enhancing the migration of chondrocytes and MSCs as well as mitigating cellular inflammation and apoptosis.

Conclusions
The findings reported here demonstrate that PEMF stimulation is capable of modulating the paracrine function of MSCs for the enhancement and re-establishment of cartilage regeneration in states of cellular stress. The PEMF-induced modulation of the MSC-derived paracrine function for directed biological responses in recipient cells or tissues has broad clinical and practical ramifications with high translational value across numerous clinical applications.
The hyperbolic model for edge and texture detection in the primary visual cortex
Authors: Chossat Pascal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe modeling of neural fields in the visual cortex involves geometrical structures which describe in mathematical formalism the functional architecture of this cortical area. The case of contour detection and orientation tuning has been extensively studied and has become a paradigm for the mathematical analysis of image processing by the brain. Ten years ago an attempt was made to extend these models by replacing orientation (an angle) with a second-order tensor built from the gradient of the image intensity, and it was named the structure tensor. This assumption does not follow from biological observations (experimental evidence is still lacking) but from the idea that the effectiveness of texture processing with the structure tensor in computer vision may well be exploited by the brain itself. The drawback is that in this case the geometry is not Euclidean but hyperbolic instead, which complicates the analysis substantially. The purpose of this review is to present the methodology that was developed in a series of papers to investigate this quite unusual problem, specifically from the point of view of tuning and pattern formation. These methods, which rely on bifurcation theory with symmetry in the hyperbolic context, might be of interest for the modeling of other features such as color vision or other brain functions.
Variations in association of nasal microbiota with virulent and non-virulent strains of Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in weaning piglets
Authors: Mahmmod Yasser S. , Correa-Fiz Florencia , Aragon Virginia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlaesserella (formerly Haemophilus) parasuis causes Glässer’s disease, which results in high economic loss in the swine industry. To understand the polymicrobial interactions of G. parasuis and the nasal microbiota, the statistical association patterns of nasal colonizing bacteria with virulent and non-virulent strains of G. parasuis were studied accounting for the farm management practices as potential risk factors for the occurrence of Glässer’s disease. The nasal microbiota from 51 weaned-piglets from four farms with Glässer’s disease and three farms with no respiratory diseases was previously characterized and included in this study. The presence of virulent and/or non-virulent G. parasuis strains in the nasal cavities was determined in order to establish the potential association with other members of the nasal microbiota. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were performed among the various members of nasal microbiota and G. parasuis. The multi-site production system and disease presence in the farm were both significantly associated with the presence of G. parasuis virulent strains in the nose of the piglets. Differential bacterial associations were observed with virulent or non-virulent G. parasuis. Chitinophagaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Corynebacterium were positively associated with the virulent G. parasuis strains, while Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridium XI, and Escherichia/Shigella were negatively associated with virulent G. parasuis. On the other hand, Flavobacteriaceae, Planobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively associated with the non-virulent G. parasuis strains, while Rikenellaceae, Enterococcaceae, Odoribacter, and Corynebacterium were negatively associated with non-virulent G. parasuis. In conclusion, the nasal microbiota communities showed variations in the association with the G. parasuis strains type.
Synergistic renoprotective effects of sesame oil and erythropoietin on ischemic kidney injury after renal transplantation
Authors: Ye Liyu , Xiao Fang , Xie Jijun , Feng Lingling , Tang Zhangjun , Chen E. , Chen Chuchu , Xu Bowen , Deng Ronghai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the combined therapeutic efficacy of erythropoietin (a hematopoietic hormone produced by the fetal liver and kidney in response to inflammation and apoptosis) and sesame oil (from Sesamum indicum L.) on ischemic kidney injury following kidney transplantation in a rat model. Rats were assigned to the following groups: sham, control, 1000 U/kg erythropoietin, 1 mL/kg sesame oil, 1000 U/kg erythropoietin + 1 mL/kg sesame oil, and positive control. We measured the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzymes, and proinflammatory markers and performed renal histopathological evaluation. The combined erythropoietin and sesame oil treatment significantly reduced BUN, ALT, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, ROS, and proinflammatory markers and GSH and antioxidant enzyme levels. Histopathological examination showed that the combined erythropoietin and sesame oil treatment significantly reduced necrosis. Therefore, combined treatment of sesame oil and erythropoietin may represent an effective therapeutic approach against ischemic kidney injury after kidney transplantation.
The accumulation of rare-earth yttrium ions by Penicillium sp. ZD28
Authors: Wang Weiying , Xu Chenglong , Jin Yiqiao , Zhang Zhibin , Yan Riming , Zhu Du 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo obtained fungal resources with excellent tolerance and accumulation capacity to rare earth yttrium ions (Y3+), rare earth ore samples were collected and used for microbial screening. A fungus hyper-resistant to Y3+ was obtained and the effects of the fungus in three physiological states (growth process, mycelial pellets with physiological activity and the fungus powder after being ground) on the Y3+ accumulation were investigated. The Y3+ resistant fungus was identified as Penicillium sp. ZD28, and its mycelium pellets (about 1 mm in diameter) showed poor ability to accumulate Y3+ with an adsorption capacity of less than 81 μmol/g. However, the fungus was able to remove 99% of Y3+ during the growth process, at an initial concentration of less than 600 μM. Bioaccumulation of Y was observed on the cell surface of the ZD28 strain by elemental mapping using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The adsorbent (the dry fungal powder) had a remarkable adsorption property for Y3+ that was greater than 455 μmol/g in conditions of 465 μM < [Y3+] < 6382 μM. Penicillium sp. ZD28 has major potential applications in the accumulation of yttrium group rare earth ions. This research has formed a theoretical foundation for the application of this biological method to extract rare earth ions in the mining and smelting of yttrium group rare earth elements.
Control of mesenchymal stem cell biology by histone modifications
Authors: Ren Jianhan , Huang Delan , Li Runze , Wang Weicai , Zhou Chen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered the most promising seed cells for regenerative medicine because of their considerable therapeutic properties and accessibility. Fine-tuning of cell biological processes, including differentiation and senescence, is essential for achievement of the expected regenerative efficacy. Researchers have recently made great advances in understanding the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics that occur during osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the intrinsic and environmental factors that affect these processes. In this context, histone modifications have been intensively studied in recent years and have already been indicated to play significant and universal roles in MSC fate determination and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the effects of histone modifications on MSC biology. Moreover, we also provide our insights and perspectives for future applications.
Web intrusion detection system combined with feature analysis and SVM optimization
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Jing , Wu Jinqiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current network traffic is large, and the network attacks have multiple types. Therefore, anomaly detection model combined with machine learning is developing rapidly. Frequent occurrences of Web Application Firewall (WAF) bypass attacks and the redundancy of the data characteristics in Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol make it difficult to extract data characteristics. In this paper, an integrated web intrusion detection system combined with feature analysis and support vector machine (SVM) optimization is proposed. By using expert’s knowledge, the characteristics of the common Web attacks are analyzed. The related data characteristics are selected by the analysis of the HTTP protocol. In the classification learning, the mature and robust support vector machine algorithm is utilized and the grid search method is used for the parameter optimization. Consequently, a better detection capability on Web attacks can be obtained. By using the HTTP DATASET CSIC 2010 data set, experiments have been carried out to compare the detection capability of different kernel functions. The results show that the proposed system performs good in the detection capability and can detect the WAF bypass attacks effectively.
Channel estimation based on the PSS-MUSIC for millimeter-wave MIMO systems equipped with co-prime arrays
Authors: Li Shufeng , Cao Guangjing , Jin Libiao , Wu Hongda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe millimeter-wave channel estimation problem can be solved by estimating the path directions and the path gains. The previous schemes are nearly all based on the uniform linear arrays (ULAs). However, compared with the ULAs, the co-prime array can use fewer array elements to realize larger array aperture, which is beneficial to improve the performance of arrival direction estimation contributing to the estimation performance of angle of arrival (AOA) and angle of departures (AOD). Encouraged by the property of co-prime arrays, a novel channel estimation scheme is proposed for two-dimensional (2-d) co-prime arrays. For each path direction, multiple peaks are generated in the spatial spectrum of each subarray and by selecting over any limited sector to search for an arbitrary peak, which can recover the rest peaks. Then by comparing the peaks of the two subarrays, the common peaks are the correct path direction. Compared with the total-spectrum search (TSS) method, this method effectively reduces the complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity and maintain accurate channel estimation.