bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extinction risk and conservation of critically endangered angel sharks in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Lawson Julia M , Pollom Riley A , Gordon Cat A , Barker Joanna , Meyers Eva K M , Zidowitz Heike , Ellis Jim R , Bartolí Álex , Morey Gabriel , Fowler Sarah L , Alvarado David Jiménez , Fordham Sonja V , Sharp Rowland , Hood Ali R , Dulvy Nicholas K 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the details of local and regional extinctions allows for more efficient allocation of conservation activities and resources. This involves identifying where populations persist, where populations may still be present, and where populations may be locally extinct. Three threatened angel sharks occur in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Sawback Angelshark (Squatina aculeata), Smoothback Angelshark (Squatina oculata), and Angelshark (Squatina squatina). Population sizes and geographic ranges of these species have been reduced due to overfishing and habitat loss, placing them among the world s most threatened chondrichthyans. We revise distribution maps, review global status, and present a Conservation Strategy to protect and restore these angel shark populations by minimizing fishing mortality, protecting critical habitat, and mitigating human disturbance. Updated distributions reveal that a halving of the geographic extent may have occurred for all three species, with potential declines of 51% for Sawback Angelshark, 48% for Smoothback Angelshark, and 58% for Angelshark. While 20 national and international management measures are now in place for Angelshark, only half of these include the other two species. We encourage further conservation action to adopt and develop this Conservation Strategy to restore angel shark populations to robust levels and safeguard them throughout their range.
Aortic calcifications on routine preoperative chest X-ray and perioperative stroke during cardiac surgery: a nested matched case–control study
Authors: Knol Wiebe G , Bogers Ad J J C , Braun Loes M M , van Rosmalen Joost , Bekker Margreet W A , Krestin Gabriel P , Budde Ricardo P J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Perioperative stroke in cardiac surgery is most often embolic in origin. Preoperative chest X-ray (CXR) is routinely used amongst others to screen for relevant aortic calcification, a potential source of embolic stroke. We performed a nested matched case–control study to examine the relationship between aortic calcifications on CXR and the occurrence of embolic stroke.

METHODS
Among all consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our hospital between January 2014 and July 2017, we selected all patients with perioperative embolic stroke (cases). Controls, all patients without perioperative stroke, were matched on age, sex and type of surgery. All preoperative CXRs were scored for aortic calcifications (none, mild, severe) in the ascending aorta, arch, aortic knob and descending aorta.

RESULTS
Out of the 3038 eligible patients, 27 cases were detected and 78 controls were selected. In the stroke group, mild-to-severe calcifications were found least often in the ascending aorta [9% of patients, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1–29%] and most frequently in the aortic knob (63% of patients, 95% CI 44–78%). The distribution of aortic calcification was comparable in cases versus controls.

CONCLUSIONS
Calcification burden was comparable between the cases and their matched controls. In our study population, CXR findings on aortic calcification were not related to the risk of embolic stroke. In these patients, the correlation between findings on the preoperative CXR and the risk of stroke might, therefore, be too weak to use the CXR directly for the assessment of the safety of manipulating the ascending aorta during surgery.
𝒦-convergence as a new tool in numerical analysis
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Lukáčová-Medviďová Mária , Mizerová Hana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We adapt the concept of $\mathscr{K}$-convergence of Young measures to the sequences of approximate solutions resulting from numerical schemes. We obtain new results on pointwise convergence of numerical solutions in the case when solutions of the limit continuous problem possess minimal regularity. We apply the abstract theory to a finite volume method for the isentropic Euler system describing the motion of a compressible inviscid fluid. The result can be seen as a nonlinear version of the fundamental Lax equivalence theorem.
Trust and Responsibility the Fujitsu Way
Authors: Hamilton Johanna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In a suburb of Kawasaki, on the outskirts of Tokyo, a gentle Pacific breeze rustles ancient cherry trees, scattering their red and golden leaves across ponds of Koi carp. Is this the site of the 900-year-old Daishi Temple? No, writes Johanna Hamilton AMBCS, this is the very first Fujitsu factory.
Prediction of dolutegravir pharmacokinetics and dose optimization in neonates via physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling
Authors: Bunglawala Fazila , Rajoli Rajith K R , Mirochnick Mark , Owen Andrew , Siccardi Marco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Only a few antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are recommended for use during the neonatal period and there is a need for more to be approved to increase treatment and prophylaxis strategies. Dolutegravir, a selective integrase inhibitor, has potential for treatment of HIV infection and prophylaxis of transmission in neonates.

Objectives
To model the pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir in neonates and to simulate a theoretical optimal dosing regimen.

Methods
The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was built incorporating the age-related changes observed in neonates. Virtual neonates between 0 and 28 days were simulated. The model was validated against observed clinical data for raltegravir and midazolam in neonates, prior to the prediction of dolutegravir pharmacokinetics.

Results
Both raltegravir and midazolam passed the criteria for model qualification, with simulated data within 1.8-fold of clinical data. The qualified model predicted the pharmacokinetics for several multidose regimens of dolutegravir. Regimen 6 involved 5 mg doses with a 48 h interval from Day 1–20, increasing to 5 mg once daily on Week 3, yielding AUC and Ctrough values of 37.2 mg·h/L and 1.3 mg/L, respectively. These exposures are consistent with those observed in paediatric patients receiving dolutegravir.

Conclusions
Dolutegravir pharmacokinetics were successfully simulated in the neonatal PBPK model. The predictions suggest that during the first 3 weeks of life a 5 mg dose administered every 48 h may achieve plasma exposures needed for therapy and prophylaxis.
Characterization of water intake and water efficiency in beef cattle1,2
Authors: Ahlberg Cashley M , Allwardt Kristi , Broocks Ashley , Bruno Kelsey , Taylor Alexandra , Mcphillips Levi , Krehbiel Clint R , Calvo-Lorenzo Michelle , Richards Chris J , Place Sara E , Desilva Udaya , Vanoverbeke Deborah L , Mateescu Raluca G , Kuehn Larry A , Weaber Robert , Bormann Jennifer , Rolf Megan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the future, water may not be as readily available due to increases in competition from a growing human population, wildlife, and other agricultural sectors, making selection for water efficiency of beef cattle increasingly important. Substantial selection emphasis has recently been placed on feed efficiency in an effort to reduce production costs, but no emphasis has been placed on making cattle more water efficient due to lack of data. Thus, the objective of this study was to calculate water efficiency metrics for cattle and evaluate their relationship to growth, feed intake (FI), and feed efficiency. Individual daily FI and water intake (WI) records were collected on 578 crossbred steers over a 70-d test period. Animals with low water intake ate less feed, had lower gains, and were more water efficient (as defined by water to gain ratio, W/G, and residual water intake, RWI). However, the amount of water consumed by animals had minimal phenotypic relationship with feed efficiency (residual feed intake [RFI], R2 = 0.1050 and feed to gain ratio (F/G) ratio R2 = 0.0726). Cattle that had low DMI consumed less water, had lower gains, had lower RFI, and had higher F/G. The level of feed consumed had minimal relationship with water efficiency. WI, W/G, RWI, and ADG had moderate heritability estimates of 0.39, 0.39, 0.37, and 0.37, respectively. High heritability estimates were observed for DMI and RFI (0.67 and 0.65, respectively). Feed to gain had a low heritability estimate of 0.16. WI had a strong positive genetic correlation with W/G (0.99) and RWI (0.88), thus selecting for decreased WI should also make cattle more water efficient. The genetic correlation between WI and ADG was 0.05; thus, selecting for low WI cattle should have little effect on growth. There is a low to moderate genetic correlation between WI and DMI (0.34). RWI has a positive genetic correlation with W/G ratio (0.89) and F/G ratio (0.42) and is negatively genetically correlated with RFI (−0.57). Water to gain and F/G had a strong positive genetic correlation (0.68). RFI has a positive genetic correlation with W/G ratio (0.37) and F/G (0.88). Minimal antagonisms seem to be present between WI and ADG, although it should be noted that standard errors were large and often not significantly different from zero due to the small sample size. However, care should be taken to ensure that unintended changes do not occur in DMI or other production traits and incorporation of WI into a selection index would likely prove to be the most effective method for selection.
Factors Associated with Attrition of Adult Participants in a Longitudinal Database: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System Study
Authors: Bamer Alyssa M , McMullen Kara , Gibran Nicole , Holavanahalli Radha , Schneider Jeffrey C , Carrougher Gretchen J , Wiechman Shelley , Wolfe Audrey , Amtmann Dagmar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParticipant attrition in longitudinal studies can lead to substantial bias in study results, especially when attrition is nonrandom. A previous study of the Burn Model System (BMS) database prior to 2002 identified participant and study-related factors related to attrition. The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in attrition rates in the BMS longitudinal database since 2002 and to revisit factors associated with attrition. Individuals 18 years and older enrolled in the BMS database between 2002 and 2018 were included in this study. Stepwise logistic regression models identified factors significantly associated with attrition at 6, 12, and 24 months postburn injury. The percentage of individuals lost to follow-up was 26% at 6 months, 33% at 12 months, and 42% at 24 months. Factors associated with increased risk of loss to follow-up across two or more time points include male sex, lower TBSA burn size, being unemployed at the time of burn, shorter duration of acute hospital stay, younger age, not having private health insurance or workers’ compensation, and a history of drug abuse. Retention levels in the BMS have improved by at least 10% at all time points since 2002. The BMS and other longitudinal burn research projects can use these results to identify individuals at high risk for attrition who may require additional retention efforts. Results also indicate potential sources of bias in research projects utilizing the BMS database.
Role of arthroscopy for the diagnosis and management of post-traumatic hip pain: a prospective study
Authors: Alfikey Arafat , El-Bakoury Ahmed , Karim Mahmoud Abdel , Farouk Hazem , Kaddah Mohamed Abdelhalem , Abdelazeem Ahmed Hazem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The current published literature regarding the role of hip arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of post-traumatic hip pain is still limited. Therefore, we conducted the present prospective study to determine the value of hip arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of various causes of hip pain after traumatic conditions. The present study included a prospective cohort of 17 patients with symptomatic post-traumatic hip pain. It was conducted between July 2013 and May 2018. The mean age was 22 (19–29) years and the mean follow-up was 24 (r: 7–36) months. Prior to surgery, every eligible patient underwent assessment of functional status using the Modified Harris Hip Score, Oxford hip score (OHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score. All patients underwent arthroscopic management for their diagnosed pathologies. The most commonly encountered diagnosis was labral tear (58.8%), followed by ligamentum teres tear (35.3%) and loose intra-articular fragments (29.4%). In addition, 52.9% of the patients had associated CAM lesion and 11.8% had associated Pincer lesion. The mHSS, OHS and WOMAC score showed significant improvement in the post-operative period (P &lt; 0.001), all the 17 patients had 100% Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State; only one patient did not achieve minimal clinical importance difference. One case underwent labral debridement for failed labral repair (5.8%), another patient developed maralgia paraesthetica (5.8%). In conclusion, hip arthroscopy is a useful and effective minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis and management of selected patients with post-traumatic hip pain. Moreover, hip arthroscopy was safe technique with no reported serious adverse events.
The Nature of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (and its Amended Jurisdictional Scheme)
Authors: Galand Alexandre Skander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article shows that in the 20 years following the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court its nature has surfed on three waves. Building upon the Court’s case law on the principle of legality and the immunity of state officials from non-party states, it shows that the Statute was initially conceived to be of universal nature, transcending the interests of all states. However, following a series of pushbacks, the Court revised this case law to rightly acknowledge that its Statute is first of all a multilateral treaty regulating the conduct committed in the territory and by nationals of its states parties. Yet, this second wave maintained the potential for the Statute to be universally applicable when the Court’s jurisdiction is based on ad hoc declarations of acceptance or Security Council referrals. However, the journey to amend the Statute to define the crime of aggression and new war crimes might have made the prospects for universal application dependent upon universal ratification. This article argues that this third wave certainly evinces a novel shift towards state consent, but that direct and indirect forms of consent can still premise the Court’s jurisdiction over situations concerning states which have not ratified the Statute or its amendments.
Radiotherapy for local recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer after lobectomy and lymph node dissection—can local recurrence be radically cured by radiation?
Authors: Terada Yukihiro , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Harada Hideyuki , Konno Hayato , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Murayama Shigeyuki , Takahashi Toshiaki , Ohde Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
There is no standard therapeutic approach for local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection. We investigated the outcomes of radiotherapy (RT) for patients with local recurrence.

Methods
We reviewed 46 patients who underwent curative-intent RT for local recurrence after lobectomy or pneumonectomy accompanied with mediastinal lymph node dissection between 2002 and 2014. We analyzed overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local control, tumour response and the re-recurrence pattern.

Results
Among the 46 patients, 16 received concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 48 months. The response rate was 91%. The 5-year OS and local control rates were 47.9 and 65.3%, respectively, and the 5-year PFS rate was 22.8%. Female sex and complete response to radiation were favourable prognostic factors. Of the 33 patients with recurrence after radiation, 32 (97%) had distant metastasis.

Conclusions
Although RT for local recurrence has high efficacy, distant relapse after radiation remains a major issue. Therefore, combination systemic therapy for local recurrence at any site should be further investigated. Since it is difficult to achieve a radical cure for local recurrence using RT, further study, for the administration of post-operative adjuvant therapy, is recommended.
Musth and its effects on male–male and male–female associations in Asian elephants
Authors: Keerthipriya P , Nandini S , Gautam Hansraj , Revathe T , Vidya T N C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Musth is an annual, asynchronous, rut-like phenomenon observed in male elephants. We examined whether musth is a roving strategy, and whether musth provides a temporary advantage to young males through increased access to female groups. We collected long-term data on the musth status, associations, and locations of male elephants in the Kabini population in southern India. We sighted older males more frequently in musth than younger males. We found a greater turnover of musth than non-musth males in the study area, suggesting that musth is a roving strategy, enabling males to travel widely and away from their non-musth range. Contrary to our expectation, young (15–30 years old) males spent a smaller proportion of their musth time than their non-musth time associating with females, and associated with similarly sized female groups irrespective of musth status. Old (&gt; 30 years old) males spent only a slightly higher proportion of their musth time than non-musth time with female groups, but associated with larger female groups during musth. Although old males in musth associated with young non-musth males more often in the presence, than in the absence, of females, young males in musth were never sighted with old non-musth males in the presence of females. Therefore, the payoff from musth, as a strategy to gain access to females, was age-specific; musth in old males allowed for increased association with females, while musth in young males restricted their access to females. There was no spatial avoidance between musth and non-musth adult males at scales larger than immediate associations. Our results suggest that musth seems to be primarily a roving strategy for old males to find and associate with females and not a strategy for young males to gain a temporary advantage over old males, within the broad age-classes that we examined.
Borderline Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers in Black and White Women
Authors: Benefield Halei C , Allott Emma H , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E , Perou Charles M , Carey Lisa A , Geradts Joseph , Sun Xuezheng , Calhoun Benjamin C , Troester Melissa A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Some breast tumors expressing greater than 1% and less than 10% estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (ER-borderline) are clinically aggressive; others exhibit luminal biology. Prior ER-borderline studies included few black participants.

Methods
Using the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (phase I: 1993–1996; 2: 1996–2001; 3: 2008–2013), a population-based study that oversampled black women, we compared ER-borderline (n = 217) to ER-positive (n = 1885) and ER-negative (n = 757) tumors. PAM50 subtype and risk of recurrence score (ROR-PT, incorporates subtype, proliferation, tumor size) were measured. Relative frequency differences (RFD) were estimated using multivariable linear regression. Disease-free interval (DFI) was evaluated by ER category and endocrine therapy receipt, overall and by race, using Kaplan Meier and Cox models. Statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
ER-borderlines were more frequently basal-like (RFD = +37.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.1% to 48.4%) and high ROR-PT (RFD = +52.4%, 95% CI = 36.8% to 68.0%) relative to ER-positives. Having a high ROR-PT ER-borderline tumor was statistically significantly associated with black race (RFD = +26.2%, 95% CI = 9.0% to 43.3%). Compared to ER-positives, DFI of ER-borderlines treated with endocrine therapy was poorer but not statistically significantly different (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.89% to 4.65%), whereas DFI was statistically significantly worse for ER-borderlines without endocrine therapy (HR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.84% to 6.02%). However, black women with ER-borderline had worse DFI compared to ER-positives, even when treated with endocrine therapy (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.09% to 7.04%).

Conclusions
ER-borderline tumors were genomically heterogeneous, with survival outcomes that differed by endocrine therapy receipt and race. Black race predicted high-risk ER-borderlines and may be associated with poorer endocrine therapy response.
Pararectal angiomyxoma: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Dalvi Abhay N , Garale Mahadeo N , Churiwala Jayati J , Landge Avinash , Husain Sakina , Rewatkar Ajinkya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of pararectal masses remains a challenge to this day. Despite the availability of advanced imaging facilities, we often fail to reach a definitive diagnosis and have to resort to surgery. We describe a case of a 60-year-old female with a painless perianal swelling gradually increasing in size for 6 months with spontaneous reduction on assuming a supine position. Clinical examination of this patient was suggestive of a pelvic floor hernia. However, radiological investigations were suggestive of an ischiorectal abscess. In view of lack of radiological corroboration of clinical findings, patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy which ruled out a hernia. A wide local excision of the mass was performed, which on histopathology with immunohistochemistry examination revealed an aggressive pararectal angiomyxoma.
To furcate or not to furcate: the dance between vessel number and diameter in leaves
Authors: Rosell Julieta A , Olson Mark E 
Published: November 2019

This article comments on:Lechthaler S, Colangeli P, Gazzabin M, Anfodillo T. 2019. Axial anatomy of the leaf midrib provides new insights into the hydraulic architecture and cavitation patterns of Acer pseudoplatanus leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 70, 6195–6202.