bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older age is a risk factor associated with poor prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Chen Shuwei , Lin Zhu , Chen Jingtao , Yang Ankui , Zhang Quan , Xie Chuanbo , Zhang Xing , Yang Zhongyuan , Chen Wenkuan , Song Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeWhether or not young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (OC-SCC) have a difference in prognosis remains a controversy. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and difference of survival rates between adult patients less than 40 years of age and those 40 years of age and older.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using the database of patients diagnosed with OC-SCC between 1990 and 2013 in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, but patients older than 85 years, younger than 18 years, or died within 6 months of diagnosis were excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups: the young group (< 40 years of age) and the older group (≥ 40 years of age). Cox regression, survival and subgroups analyses were performed. The primary endpoints included the rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).ResultsA total of 1902 OC-SCC patients were identified. The percentage of female in the young group was significantly higher than that in the older group (40.27% vs 31.03%,p < 0.001). This study failed to find the difference in TNM classification or tumor stage between the two groups (p > 0.05). The young group was more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (42.48% vs 26.91%,p < 0.001). The 5-year OS rate (71% vs. 57%,p < 0.001) and DSS rate (72% vs 58%,p < 0.001) in patients under 40 years were significantly higher than those for the older group.ConclusionOur findings suggested that OC-SCC in younger patients did not present at a more advanced stage. In addition, young age is an independent predictor for better survival.
Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning
Authors: Peterburs Jutta , Frieling Alena , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLearning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse, which has been referred to as “Pavlovian” biases. Despite a growing body of research into similarities and differences between active and observational learning, it is as yet unclear if Pavlovian learning biases are specific for active task performance, i.e., learning from feedback provided for one’s own actions, or if they persist also when learning by observing another person’s actions and subsequent outcomes. The present study, therefore, investigated the influence of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning. Healthy adult volunteers completed a go/nogo task that decoupled outcome valence (win/loss) and action (execution/inhibition) either actively or by observing a virtual co-player’s responses and subsequent feedback. Moreover, in a more naturalistic follow-up experiment, pairs of subjects were tested with the same task, with one subject as active learner and the other as observational learner. The results revealed Pavlovian learning biases both in active and in observational learning, with learning of go responses facilitated in the context of reward obtainment, and learning of nogo responses facilitated in the context of loss avoidance. Although the neural correlates of active and observational feedback learning have been shown to differ to some extent, these findings suggest similar mechanisms to underlie both types of learning with respect to the influence of Pavlovian biases. Moreover, performance levels and result patterns were similar in those observational learners who had observed a virtual co-player and those who had completed the task together with an active learner, suggesting that inclusion of a virtual co-player in a computerized task provides an effective manipulation of agency.
Single-nucleotide variants in human CD81 influence hepatitis C virus infection of hepatoma cells
Authors: Alberione María Pía , Moeller Rebecca , Kirui Jared , Ginkel Corinne , Doepke Mandy , Ströh Luisa J. , Machtens Jan-Philipp , Pietschmann Thomas , Gerold Gisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn estimated number of 71 million people are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide and 400,000 annual deaths are related to the infection. HCV entry into the hepatocytes is complex and involves several host factors. The tetraspanin human CD81 (hCD81) is one of the four essential entry factors and is composed of one large extracellular loop, one small extracellular loop, four transmembrane domains, one intracellular loop and two intracellular tails. The large extracellular loop interacts with the E2 glycoprotein of HCV. Regions outside the large extracellular loop (backbone) of hCD81 have a critical role in post-binding entry steps and determine susceptibility of hepatocytes to HCV. Here, we investigated the effect of five non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants in the backbone of hCD81 on HCV susceptibility. We generated cell lines that stably express the hCD81 variants and infected the cells using HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture-derived HCV. Our results show that all the tested hCD81 variants support HCV pseudoparticle entry with similar efficiency as wild-type hCD81. In contrast, variants A54V, V211M and M220I are less supportive to cell culture-derived HCV infection. This altered susceptibility is HCV genotype dependent and specifically affected the cell entry step. Our findings identify three hCD81 genetic variants that are impaired in their function as HCV host factors for specific viral genotypes. This study provides additional evidence that genetic host variation contributes to inter-individual differences in HCV infection and outcome.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli in children: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome
Authors: Ylinen Elisa , Salmenlinna Saara , Halkilahti Jani , Jahnukainen Timo , Korhonen Linda , Virkkala Tiia , Rimhanen-Finne Ruska , Nuutinen Matti , Kataja Janne , Arikoski Pekka , Linkosalo Laura , Bai Xiangning , Matussek Andreas , Jalanko Hannu , Saxén Harri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystemic disease. In a nationwide study, we characterized the incidence, clinical course, and prognosis of HUS caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains with emphasis on risk factors, disease severity, and long-term outcome.

Methods
The data on pediatric HUS patients from 2000 to 2016 were collected from the medical records. STEC isolates from fecal cultures of HUS and non-HUS patients were collected from the same time period and characterized by whole genome sequencing analysis.

Results
Fifty-eight out of 262 culture-positive cases developed verified (n = 58, 22%) STEC-HUS. Another 29 cases had probable STEC-HUS, the annual incidence of STEC-HUS being 0.5 per 100,000 children. Eleven different serogroups were detected, O157 being the most common (n = 37, 66%). Age under 3 years (OR 2.4), stx2 (OR 9.7), and stx2a (OR 16.6) were found to be risk factors for HUS. Fifty-five patients (63%) needed dialysis. Twenty-nine patients (33%) developed major neurological symptoms. Complete renal recovery was observed in 57 patients after a median 4.0 years of follow-up. Age under 3 years, leukocyte count over 20 × 109/L, and need for dialysis were predictive factors for poor renal outcome.

Conclusions
Age under 3 years, stx2, and stx2a were risk factors for HUS in STEC-positive children. However, serogroup or stx types did not predict the renal outcome or major CNS symptoms.
Effect of a brief physical activity-based presentation by a former patient for men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a mixed methods pilot study
Authors: Fox Louis , Wiseman Theresa , Cahill Declan , Fleure Louisa , Kinsella Janette , Curtis Emily , Peat Nicola , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Existing research indicates that physical activity (PA) is beneficial to men with prostate cancer (PCa). We examined the potential of a single-contact peer-support-based behavioural intervention to promote PA engagement in men treated for PCa.

Methods
A mixed methods design was employed, comprising a two-arm pragmatic trial and semi-structured interviews. The intervention was a 10-min PA-based presentation by a former patient, delivered in group seminars that are provided for patients as standard care. Seminars were alternately allocated to (a) cancer exercise specialist talk + patient speaker talk or (b) cancer exercise specialist talk only. Self-reported PA, exercise motivation, quality of life, fatigue and clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from n = 148 (intervention: n = 69; control: n = 79) patients immediately prior to the seminar, and at follow-up ≈ 100 days later. Data were analysed using ANCOVA models and χ2 tests. Fourteen semi-structured interviews with intervention participants, which explored how the intervention was experienced, were analysed using a grounded theory-style approach.

Results
The intervention had no significant effect on quantitatively self-reported PA (p = 0.4). However, the intervention was statistically and clinically beneficial for fatigue (p = 0.04) and quality of life (p = 0.01). Qualitative analysis showed that the intervention was beneficial to psychological wellbeing and some participants had increased intention to engage in PA as a result of the intervention.

Conclusions
A brief one-off PA-based presentation for men with PCa, delivered by a former patient alongside cancer exercise specialist advice, may result in clinically significant benefits to quality of life and may influence PA intention in certain individuals.
Wirtschaftliche Implikationen der Corona-Krise und wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen
Authors: Bofinger Peter , Dullien Sebastian , Felbermayr Gabriel , Fuest Clemens , Hüther Michael , Südekum Jens , Weder di Mauro Beatrice 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat ihren Ausgangspunkt in China und große gesundheitliche sowie wirtschaftliche Schäden verursacht. Mittlerweile sind auch in Japan, Korea, Italien, Deutschland, Großbritannien, Frankreich, Spanien und vor allem den USA hohe und rapide wachsende Fallzahlen von Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 zu verzeichnen. Prognosen über das Wirtschaftswachstum mussten massiv nach unten revidiert werden, und weltweit ringen Regierungen mit der richtigen wirtschaftspolitischen Reaktion. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt grundsätzliche kurzfristige Handlungsoptionen für die deutsche Regierung auf den Corona-Schock zu reagieren und bewertet kurz den am 13. März 2020 von Bundesfinanzminister Olaf Scholz und Bundeswirtschaftsminister Peter Altmaier vorgestellten „Schutzschirm für Beschäftigte und Unternehmen“.
Wirtschaft unter Schock — Finanzpolitik hält dagegen
Authors: Holtemöller Oliver , Kooths Stefan , Michelsen Claus , Schmidt Torsten , Wollmershäuser Timo 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungNach Ansicht der führenden deutschen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute bricht die Konjunktur in Deutschland als Folge der Corona-Pandemie drastisch ein. Um die Infektionswelle abzubremsen, hat der Staat die wirtschaftliche Aktivität hierzulande stark eingeschränkt. Deshalb dürfte das Bruttoinlandsprodukt 2020 um 4,2 % schrumpfen. Die Rezession hinterlässt deutliche Spuren auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und im Staatshaushalt. In der Spitze wird die Arbeitslosenquote auf 5,9 % und die Zahl der Kurzarbeiter auf 2,4 Mio. hochschnellen. Die finanzpolitischen Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen führen 2020 zu einem Rekorddefizit im gesamtstaatlichen Haushalt von 159 Mrd. Euro. Nach dem Shutdown wird sich die Konjunktur schrittweise erholen. Entsprechend fällt der Anstieg des Bruttoinlandsprodukts 2021 mit 5,8 % kräftig aus. Mit dieser Prognose sind erhebliche Abwärtsrisiken verbunden, etwa weil sich die Pandemie deutlich langsamer abschwächen lässt, oder weil das Wiederhochfahren der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität schlechter gelingt als angenommen bzw. eine erneute Ansteckungswelle auslöst.
Optimale internationale Arbeitsteilung
Authors: Petersen Thieß 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie internationale Arbeitsteilung bietet für eine Volkswirtschaft sowohl Vorals auch Nachteile. Sofern die damit verbundenen Grenzkosten und Grenznutzen die üblichen Verläufe aufweisen, gibt es für jedes Land ein optimales Ausmaß dieser Arbeitsteilung. Die Corona-Pandemie dürfte die Grundlagen für die entsprechenden Entscheidungen im Bereich der internationalen Arbeitsteilung–sowohl aus Sicht der Unternehmen als auch aus Sicht der gesamten Gesellschaft–deutlich verändern.
Mehr Mut in der Rentenpolitik! Ein Vorschlag
Authors: Voigt Stefan 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Öffentlichkeit besteht Konsens darüber, dass das deutsche Rentensystem dringend reformiert werden muss, da das Verhaltnis von Beitragszahlern zu Rentnern immer ungünstiger werden wird. Die Regierungskommission “Verlasslicher Generationenvertrag” hat Ende Marz 2020 in ihrem Abschlussbericht vorgeschlagen, einen Alterssicherungsbeirat einzuführen. In diesem Beitrag wird gefragt, ob ein unabhangiges Gremium dabei helfen könnte, notwendige Reformen der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung zu realisieren, ohne dass Politiker deswegen um ihre Wiederwahl fürchten mussen. Der hier entwickelte Vorschlag geht deutlich über den der Rentenkommission hinaus.
Schneller Ausstieg oder bedachte Lockerung?
Authors: Dullien Sebastian , Herzog-Stein Alexander , Hohlfeld Peter , Schreiber Sven , Tober Silke 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungWelche Bedeutung hat eine Lockerung der Kontaktbeschränkungen für die Erholung der deutschen Wirtschaft, und welche Schlussfolgerungen für das angemessene Niveau der Kontaktbeschränkungen sind in den kommenden Monaten zu ziehen? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wird abgeschätzt, welche Bedeutung die Maßnahmen zur Kontaktbeschränkung, die von Bund und Ländern seit Mitte März 2020 auf den Weg gebracht worden sind, für den derzeit zu beobachtenden Einbruch der Wirtschaftsaktivität in Deutschland tatsächlich haben. Zudem werden die verschiedenen plausiblen Szenarien zur Infektionsverbreitung und -eindämmung unter verschiedenen Optionen zur Lockerung der Kontaktbeschränkungen dargestellt.
Überlegungen zur Lockerung des Lockdowns
Authors: Hüther Michael , Bardt Hubertus 
Published: April 2020

ZusamenfassungDie durch das Coronavirus verursachte Pandemie stellt ein beachtliches gesundheitliches Risiko dar. Zur Bewältigung dieser Krise müssen in erheblichem Umfang wirtschaftliche Ressourcen für das Gesundheitssystem eingesetzt werden. Angesichts der gesundheitlichen Risiken sind die hierfür aufzubringenden Kosten gegenwärtig nicht relevant. Wenn der Lockdown endet, ist jedoch mit erheblichen Anpassungsproblemen und Stockungen auf dem Weg zu einer wieder friktionsfrei arbeits-, risiko- und wissensteiligen Volkswirtschaft zu rechnen.
A classical swine fever virus E2 fusion protein produced in plants elicits a neutralizing humoral immune response in mice and pigs
Authors: Park Youngmin , Lee Sangmin , Kang Hyangju , Park Minhee , Min Kyungmin , Kim Nam Hyung , Gu Sungmin , Kim Jong Kook , An Dong-Jun , Choe SeEun , Sohn Eun-Ju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClassical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases of swine worldwide. Although live or attenuated virus vaccines have been used to control CSFV, it is difficult to distinguish vaccinated pigs from infected pigs; this leads to restrictions on import and export. Subunit vaccines based on the CSFV E2 glycoprotein have been developed using baculovirus or insect cell systems, but some weaknesses remain. Here, we describe production of an E2 recombinant protein using a Nicotiana benthamiana plant expression system. To do this, we took advantage of the ability of the swine Fc domain to increase solubility and stability of the fusion protein and to strengthen immune responses in target animals. N. benthamiana expressed high amounts of pFc2-fused E2 proteins, which were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography to yield a high pure recombinant protein in a cost-effective manner. Native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography confirmed that the pmE2:pFc2 fusion exists as a multimer rather than as a dimer. Injection of recombinant pmE2 protein into mice or piglets generated anti-pmE2 antibodies with efficient neutralizing activity against CSFV. These results suggest that a purified recombinant E2 protein produced in N. benthamiana generates high titers of neutralizing antibodies in vivo; as such, the protein could be developed as a subunit vaccine against CSFV.
How the Science of Memory Reconsolidation Advances the Effectiveness and Unification of Psychotherapy
Authors: Ecker Bruce , Bridges Sara K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMemory reconsolidation research by neuroscientists has demonstrated the erasure of emotional learnings. This article reviews these historic findings and how they translate directly into therapeutic application to provide the clinical field with an empirically confirmed process of transformational change. Psychotherapists’ early use of this new, transtheoretical knowledge indicates a strong potential for significant advances in both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the unification of its many diverse systems. The erasure process consists of the creation of certain critical experiences required by the brain, and it neither dictates nor limits the experiential methods that therapists can use to facilitate the needed experiences. This article explains memory reconsolidation, delineates the empirically confirmed process, illustrates it in a case example of long-term depression, indicates the evidence supporting the hypothesis that this process is responsible for transformational change in any therapy sessions, describes the differing mechanisms underlying transformational change versus incremental change, and reports extensive clinical evidence that the basis and cause of most of the problems and symptoms presented by therapy clients are emotional learnings, that is, emotionally laden mental models, or schemas, in semantic memory.
Opportunities for negative ions studies at the Frankfurt Low-energy Storage Ring (FLSR)
Authors: Forstner Oliver , Müller Jan , Stiebing Kurt Ernst 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe room-temperature electrostatic heavy ion storage ring FLSR was originally designed to study the collision dynamics of atoms and molecules. Recently it has been equipped with a RF plasma ion source combined with a charge exchange cell to be able to perform studies with negative ions in the ring. In preliminary experiments beams of He−, O− and OH− could successfully be stored. The measured lifetime of the metastable He−–ion is in good agreement with previous results, showing that the lifetime measurement in this case is not limited by the storage time due to collisional detachment. In the case of O− and OH− storage times in the order of seconds have been achieved. In a next step laser beams will be introduced in the ring allowing photodetachment studies of vibrationally cold molecules.
The relationship between lymphocyte subsets, nutritional status and tuberculin reactivity in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients
Authors: Usta Mehmet , Ersoy Alpaslan , Ayar Yavuz , Budak Ferrah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim
Skin test anergy is common in patients with uremia and during maintenance hemodialysis treatment. However, up to date only one study concerning skin test in peritoneal dialysis patients has focused on the issue. Our cross-sectional controlled study was conducted to analyze the correlation of purified protein derivative (PPD) test response with demographical features, nutritional parameters and the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients

Patients and methods
Stable 30 hemodialysis (HD) patients (16 men, 14 women) and 30 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (17 men, 13 women) were included. Thirty healthy cases (15 men, 15 women) with a mean age of 32.4 ± 9.4 constituted the control group.

Results
In the HD group, 14 patients (46.6%) were PPD positive, and ın the PD group 16 patients (53.3%) were PPD positive. In the PPD-positive HD patients 64.2% (9/14), and in the PPD-positive PD patients 62.4% (10/16) had an induration of 10 mm or greater. In the control group, 21 of 30 patients (70%) were PPD positive. Comparison of both HD and PD groups with the control group showed significant differences in PPD reactivity (p < 0.01). Albumin levels were significantly high in the control groups (p < 0.01), and cholesterol levels were significantly high in the PD and the control groups (p < 0.05). Transferrin levels were significantly high in the PD (p < 0.01). The lymphocyte counts were significantly high in the control group compared to the HD patients (p < 0.05). The lymphocyte subset percentages CD19 were high in the control groups (p < 0.05), and CD16/56 was significantly high in the PD groups (p < 0.05). All the parameters were also similar between PPD-positive and -negative same groups.

Conclusion
The prevalence of PPD positivity was lower in the PD and HD groups. The PPD test responses were not related to the peripheral lymphocyte counts, subsets and malnutrition parameters.
Predicting the present-day in situ stress distribution within the Yanchang Formation Chang 7 shale oil reservoir of Ordos Basin, central China
Authors: Ju Wei , Niu Xiao-Bing , Feng Sheng-Bin , You Yuan , Xu Ke , Wang Geoff , Xu Hao-Ran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Yanchang Formation Chang 7 oil-bearing layer of the Ordos Basin is important in China for producing shale oil. The present-day in situ stress state is of practical implications for the exploration and development of shale oil; however, few studies are focused on stress distributions within the Chang 7 reservoir. In this study, the present-day in situ stress distribution within the Chang 7 reservoir was predicted using the combined spring model based on well logs and measured stress data. The results indicate that stress magnitudes increase with burial depth within the Chang 7 reservoir. Overall, the horizontal maximum principal stress (SHmax), horizontal minimum principal stress (Shmin) and vertical stress (Sv) follow the relationship of Sv ≥ SHmax > Shmin, indicating a dominant normal faulting stress regime within the Chang 7 reservoir of Ordos Basin. Laterally, high stress values are mainly distributed in the northwestern parts of the studied region, while low stress values are found in the southeastern parts. Factors influencing stress distributions are also analyzed. Stress magnitudes within the Chang 7 reservoir show a positive linear relationship with burial depth. A larger value of Young’s modulus results in higher stress magnitudes, and the differential horizontal stress becomes higher when the rock Young’s modulus grows larger.
Learning Description Logic Ontologies: Five Approaches. Where Do They Stand?
Authors: Ozaki Ana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe quest for acquiring a formal representation of the knowledge of a domain of interest has attracted researchers with various backgrounds into a diverse field called ontology learning. We highlight classical machine learning and data mining approaches that have been proposed for (semi-)automating the creation of description logic (DL) ontologies. These are based on association rule mining, formal concept analysis, inductive logic programming, computational learning theory, and neural networks. We provide an overview of each approach and how it has been adapted for dealing with DL ontologies. Finally, we discuss the benefits and limitations of each of them for learning DL ontologies.