bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence on the effect of position change on pressure ulcer among hospitalized adult patients in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: shiferaw wondimeneh shibabaw , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Akalu Tadesse Yirga 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Pressure ulcers (PU) aﬀect millions of people worldwide and always occur over bony areas of the body where pressure and tissue distortion is greatest. The national pooled prevalence of pressure ulcer remains unknown. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of position change on pressure ulcer among hospitalized clients in Ethiopia. Methods Studies were retrieved through search engines in PubMed, Scopus, WHO afro library, Google Scholar, Africa journal online, PsycINFO and web-science following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Analysis was done using STATA version 14 software. Heterogeneity between-study was checked using the I 2 and examined a potential publication bias by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test statistic. The random-effect model was fitted to estimate the summary effects, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (CIs) across studies. Results Out of the reviewing 401 studies, 7 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of pressure ulcer in Ethiopia was 11.7% (95% CI (7.28, 16.13%)). Based on the subgroup analysis, the estimated magnitude of pressure ulcer was 15.89% (95% CI: 35.34, 54.04) among studies their sample size were greater than or equals to 250. Those clients who have position change during hospitalization were 82% less likely to develop pressure ulcer [(OR: 0.18 (95% CI (0.07, 0.46)) than their counter part. Conclusion The overall prevalence of pressure ulcer in Ethiopia was relatively high. Position change of the client during hospitalization had paramount benefit to reduce the burden of pressure ulcer. Therefore, policymakers (federal minister of health) could give special attention to minimize the magnitude of pressure ulcer, and to improve the overall quality of healthcare service. Further, meta-analysis study could be conducted to identify individual and health care service related factors to the occurrence of pressure ulcer.
Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Female Sex Workers in the World: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farahmand Mohammad , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Moghoofei Mohsen , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Tavakoli Mehdi , Tavakoli Ahmad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods: Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results: Sixty-six studies involving 22938 FSWs from 34 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 41.97% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.99%-46.05%). HPV-16 (10.42%, 95% CI: 8.61%–12.55%), HPV-52 (7.76%, 95% CI: 5.75%–10.39%), and HPV-53 (6.09%, 95% CI: 4.55%–8.12%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. Geographically, the highest and the lowest prevalence of HPV were obtained from Hungary (82.35%, 95%CI: 65.90%–91.85%) and Mexico (13.30%, 95%CI: 1.67%–58.06%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.
Association of vitamin D and FGF23 with serum Ferritin in hypoparathyroid thalassemia: A case control study
Authors: Saki Forough , Salehifar Azita , Kassaee Seyed Reza , omrani gholamhossein Ranjbar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background FGF23 controls serum l,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels and phosphate homeostasis. This study evaluates the effects of Ferritin on intact PTH, FGF23 and l,25(OH) 2 D 3 in patients with major thalassemia. It also evaluates FGF23 changes in patients with hypoparathyroidism to clarify the interaction between FGF23 and PTH in the absence of proper PTH function in human.Methods In this case-control study, 25 patients with major-beta thalassemia with hypoparathyroidism and their age- and gender-matched patients with major-beta thalassemia having normal parathyroid function were enrolled. Biochemical studies assessed the serum calcium, albumin phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, FGF23, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D3, Ferritin and Fractional excretion of phosphorous.Results FGF23 was higher in the patients with hypoparathyroidism compared to the controls (p=0.002). Fractional excretion of phosphorous was lower in patients with hypoparathyroidism, despite the high level of FGF23(p=0.001). There was a correlation between serum1, 25(OH)2D3, and FGF23 with ferritin in the controls ( P =<0.001and P =<0.001, respectively).Conclusions The present study showed a strong positive correlation between serum ferritin and FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3. We hypothesized that ferritin could have stimulatory effect on production of 1,25(OH)2D3. Also, rise in FGF23 in patients with thalassemia, might be associated with either stimulating effect of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3, or might be related to direct stimulating effect of ferritin.
Proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in overall NAFLD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xuefeng , Liu Shousheng , Zhang Jie , Dong Mengzhen , Wang Yifen , Wang Mengke , Yongning Xin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background ALT value is often used to reflect hepatic inflammation and injury in NAFLD patients, but many studies suggested that ALT values are normal in many NAFLD patients. The aim of this study was to identify the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in the overall NAFLD patients.Methods Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potential studies published from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2019. We included studies that have reported the number of NAFLD or NASH patients with normal and abnormal ALT to allow our calculation. Abstracts, reviews, case reports, and letters were excluded.Results A total of 11 studies with 4084 patients were included for calculating the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT in overall NAFLD patients. As the results shown, the summarized proportion of NAFLD patients with normal ALT value in overall NAFLD patients was 25% (95%CI: 20% - 31%) according to the calculation by random-effects model. The summarized proportion of NASH patients with normal ALT value in overall NASH patients was 19% (95%CI: 13% - 27%). Subgroup analysis include region, type of study, diagnostic method, and group size were conducted to investigate the resource of heterogeneity in the summarized proportion of NAFLD and NASH patients with normal ALT value.Conclusions 25% NAFLD patients and 19% NASH patients possess the normal ALT value in the clinical manifestation. The value of ALT in the clinical diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH remains need be further testified.
A novel approach to conducting clinical trials in the community setting: Utilizing patient-driven platforms and social media to drive web-based patient recruitment
Authors: Applequist Janelle , Burroughs Cristina , Ramirez Artemio , Merkel Peter A. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Trapnell Bruce , Desnick Robert J. , Sahin Mustafa , Krischer Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Participant recruitment for clinical research studies remains a significant challenge for researchers. Novel approaches to recruitment are necessary to ensure that populations are easier to reach. In the context of rare diseases, social media provides a unique opportunity for connecting with patient groups that have representatively lower diagnosis rates when compared with more common maladies. We describe the implementation of designing a patient-centered approach to message design for the purposes of recruiting patients for clinical research studies for rare disease populations. Methods: Using an iterative research approach, we analyzed our previous experience of using web-based direct-to-patient recruitment methods to compare these online strategies with traditional center of excellence recruitment strategies. After choosing six research studies for inclusion in the previous study, in-depth, online interviews ( n = 37) were conducted with patients represented in each disease category to develop and test recruitment message strategies for social media and a Web-based platform for patients to access study information and pre-screen. Finally, relationships were established with Patient Advocacy Groups representing each rare disease category to ensure further dissemination of recruitment materials via their own social media networks. Results: Guided by social marketing theory, we created and tested various recruitment message designs. Three key message concepts preferred by patients emerged: (1) infographic; (2) positive emotional messages; and (3) educational information for sharing. A base study website that was created and edited based on qualitative user-testing. This website includes the option for potential participants to pre-screen and determine their eligibility for the study. Conclusions: Study participants report wanting to be involved in the design and implementation of recruitment approaches for clinical research studies. The application of the aforementioned methods could aide in the evolution of clinical research practices for the recruitment of both rare and common diseases, where patient-centric approaches can help to create targeted messages designs that participants pre-test and support.
A new decellularized tendon scaffold for rotator cuff tear – Evaluation in Rabbits
Authors: Santos Alex de Lima , Silva Camila Gonzaga da , Barreto Leticia Siqueira de Sá , Leite Katia Ramos Moreira , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Ferreira Lydia Massako , Almeida Fernando Gonçalves de , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Scaffolds have shown considerable progress in recent years. In orthopaedic surgery, scaffolds have been used as grafts in procedures involving tendon and ligament reconstruction. This paper aims to produce and evaluate decellularized tendon scaffolds from biomechanical, microscopic, macroscopic and in vivo perspectives.Methods Bilateral gastrocnemius muscle tendons from 18 (eighteen) adult New Zealand rabbits were collected. Of these 36 (thirty-six) tendons, 11 (eleven) were used as controls (Group A), and 25 (twenty-five) were used in the decellularization protocol (Group B). The groups were subjected to histological, biomechanical and macroscopic analyseis, and group B was subjected to an additional in vivo evaluation. Regarding the decellularization protocol, we used a combination of aprotinin, EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0,1% w/v), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and Triton X-100 (t-octyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol) for six days. During the six days, the scaffold was kept at room temperature on a shaker with constant rotation.Results The decellularized tendon scaffold showed an increased cross-sectional area and inter-fascicular distance, without changing parallelism or matrix organization. The nuclear material was not organized in the decellularized tendon scaffolds, as it was in the control. In the biomechanical analysis, a significant difference was not found between the groups after analysis of ultimate tensile load, stiffness, and elongation at the ultimate tensile load. During the in vivo evaluation, infiltration of mononuclear cells was noted.Conclusions The evaluated decellularization protocol efficiently made a decellularized tendon scaffold, maintained the most important biomechanical characteristics and permitted cell infiltration.
Data Quality on Expanded Programme on Immunization in Pertussis Outbreak Affected District: The Case of Dara Malo woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Argaw Mesele Damte , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Tsegaye Zergu Taffesse , Mitiku Aychiluhim Damtew , Atsa Afework Ayele , Tefera Bekele Belayihun , Rogers Deirdre , Teferi Ephrem , Abera Wondwosen Shiferaw , Ali Ismael , Kora Zelalem Abera , Setegn Sisay , Anara Amare Assefa , Sinamo Tadelech , Muloiwa Rudzani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of immunization data and monitoring system in the Dara Malo district (woreda) of Gamo Administrative Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted from August 4 to September 27, 2019 in Dara Malo District. The district was purposively selected during the management of a pertussis outbreak based on the hypothesis ‘there is no difference in reported and recounted immunization status of children 7 to 23 months in Dara Malo District of Ethiopia’. A quality index (QI) and proportions of completeness, timeliness and accuracy ratio of the first and third doses of pentavalent vaccines and the first dose of measles-containing vaccines (MCV) were made. Results: in this study 336 month-facility data were extracted. In addition, 595 children aged 7 - 23 months, with a response rate of 94.3%, were assessed and compared for immunization status using register and immunization cards or caretakers’ oral report through the household survey. The ratio of vaccination data compared using tallies against the reports showed evidences of over reporting with 50.8%, 45.1% and 46.5% for first pentavalent, third pentavalent and first dose of measles vaccinations, respectively. Completeness of third dose of pentavalent vaccinations were 95.3%, 956% and 100.0% at health posts, health centers and at the district health office, respectively. The QI scores ranged between 61.0% and 80.5% for all five categories, namely, 73.0% for recording, 71.4% for archiving and reporting, 70.4% for demographic information, 69.7% for core outputs and 70.4% for data uses and were assessed as suboptimal at all levels. Conclusion: The immunization data completeness was found to be optimal. However, in the study area, the accuracy, consistency, timeliness and quality of monitoring system were found to be sub-optimal. Therefore, poor data quality has led to wrong decision making during the reported pertussis outbreak management. Enhancing the capacity of healthcare providers on planning, recording, archiving and reporting, analyzing, and use of immunization data for evidence-based decision making is recommended.
Independent Prognostic Indicators in the Elderly with Pneumonia: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Surme Serkan , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Bayramlar Osman Faruk , Ali Ritvan Kara , Mete Bilgul , Can Gunay , Tabak Fehmi , Saltoglu Nese 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate poor prognostic indicators in the elderly with pneumonia. Methods: In this prospective observational study, the patients with pneumonia were stratified into younger (18-64 years) and older (≥65 years) groups. The poor prognostic indicators were determined and compared. Results: There were 184 pneumonia episodes in 155 patients. The median age of the cases was 72 (range, 18-104) of whom 127 (69%) were ≥65 years old and 110 (59.8%) were male. Mental status changes were more common in the elderly group (p=0.04). Multivariate regression analysis determined three variables that could be potential independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the elderly: dyspnea at the onset (OR:5.85, CI:5.18-6.52, p=0.01), previous antibiotic use within the last 3 months (OR:2.97, CI:2.51-3.43, p=0.02), acute renal failure (OR:2.51, CI:2.06-2.96, p=0.04). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curves (AUC) of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicators of poor prognosis in the elderly were 0.846 (p<0.001) and 0.650 (p=0.008) respectively. In addition, mental status changes (p<0.001), the confusion, blood urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years (CURB-65) score (p<0.001), and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) (p<0.001) were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: Dyspnea at the onset, previous antibiotic use within the last 3 months, acute renal failure, serum CRP and procalcitonin levels along with the PSI and the CURB-65 scores should be carefully evaluated in terms of hospitalization, the need for intensive care unit admission and the initial antimicrobial therapy.
Amygdalin promotes the activity of T cells to suppress the progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Dong , Sun Kewei , Peng Jianping , Zhu Wenfang , Yin Sihan , Tang Dan , Wu Yunan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a high-risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cellular immune responses are essential for HCC development, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T subtypes are identified as the primary anti-tumor immune cells. In the study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of amygdalin in the cellular immune response in HBV-related HCC and HCC progression.Methods The cell proliferation was examined by MTT analysis. Cells metastasis ability was detected by Invasion and migration assays. Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed with Flow cytometer assay. The protein levels of p-STAT3, STAT3, p-JAK2, and JAK2 were detected by performing immunoblotting assays.Results We demonstrate that amygdalin treatment could rescue the HBV-T cell viability and IFN-γ and TNF-αproduction. In HBV-T cells, the MFI levels of CD8+ are lower than that in NC-T cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and JAK2 are higher in HBV-T cells, compared to those in NC-T cells, and then reduced by amygdalin treatment. Co-culture with HBV-T cells could reduce IFN-γ and TNF-α, production while increase IL-6 and IL-10 production in HepG2.2.15 cells; these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin pretreatment. Finally, co-culture with HBV-T cells significantly promoted the cell viability, inhibited the apoptosis, and promoted the migration of HepG2.2.15 cells, and these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin treatment.Conclusion Our findings provide a rationale for further studies on the functions and mechanism of amygdalin inhibiting HBV-related HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via T cell-mediated tumor immunity.
Phosphate starvation enhances phagocytosis of Mycobacterium bovis/BCG by macrophages.
Authors: Espinosa-Cueto Patricia , Magallanes-Puebla Alejandro , Mancilla Raul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health problem worldwide. The only available TB vaccine is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin, a saprophytic mycobacterium that activates the innate and the acquired immune system after being phagocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells. BCG vaccination fails to prevent adult pulmonary TB although it may have a protective effect in childhood TB. Understanding how BCG interacts with macrophages and other immunocompetent cells is crucial to develop new vaccines. In this study we showed that macrophages phagocytose Mycobacterium bovis/BCG bacilli with higher efficiency when they are cultured without phosphate. The increased phagocytosis is associated with diminished phagosome acidification. We isolated mycobacterial cell wall and membranes to search for mycobacterial molecules that could be involved in these processes; by immunoblot, it was found that the plasma membranes of phosphate-deprived bacilli express the adhesins PstS-1, LpqH, LprG, and the APA antigen. These proteins are not detected in membranes of bacilli grown with usual amounts of phosphate. The interest of our observations is to show that under the metabolic stress implied in phosphate deprivation, mycobacteria respond upregulating adhesins that could improve their capacity to infect macrophages. These observations are relevant to understand how M. bovis/BCG induces protective immunity.
Construction of ceRNA co-expression network and screening of molecular targets in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Zhanwei , Yang Xi , Liu Jin , Zhuang Jing , Han Shuwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective to screen some RNAs that correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs between cancer tissues and normal tissues in CRC were identified using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were performed to do the functioal enrichment analysis. And a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed wich correlated with CRC. RNAs in this network were subjecte to analyze the relationship with the patient prognosis.Results A total of 688, 241, and 103 differentially expressed genes (diff-mRNA), diff-lncRNA, and diff-miRNA were obtained. between cancer tissues and normal tissues. A total of 315 edges were obtained in the ceRNA network. lncRNA RP11-108K3.2 and mRNA ONECUT2 correlated with prognosis.Conclusion The identified RNAs and constructed ceRNA network could provide great sources for the reasearches of therapy the CRC. And the lncRNA RP11-108K3.2 and mRNA ONECUT2 may serve novel prognostic predictor of CRC.
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection influencing composition of probiotics within chicken gut microbiota
Authors: Chen Yuan , Ni Jiajia , Li Hongwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the major causes of disease in poultry. Probiotics play a critical role in animal health maintenance. Studies have indicated that viral infection can alter the composition of chicken gut flora. We hypothesized that the ALV-J infection could alter Probiotics composition in chicken fecal bacterial microbiome. To test is, we performed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated gut flora proﬁles from the feces of ALV-J infected and healthy chickens. Results: Relative abundance at the phylum and species levels was calculated. The phylum Proteobacteria was expressed in higher abundance in ALV-J infected chickens than in healthy chickens. Additionally, the abundance of the opportunistic pathogen, Propionibacterium acnes, significantly increased in ALV-J infected chickens. Interestingly, ALV-J infection tended to be significantly decreased by the probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus reuteri. Conclusions: The study indicated ALV-J infection significantly altered the gut microbiota distribution in chickens. It also showed that ALV-J infection significantly influenced composition of the probiotics including Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus reuteri in chicken gut, which implied that to relieve avian leucosis subgroup J, microbiota-targeted therapies such as probiotic supplements are required.