bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Artery Doppler Patterns and Right Ventricular Outflow Abnormalities in Twin‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Espinoza Jimmy , Furtun Betul Yilmaz , Kailin Joshua A. , Altman Carolyn A. , Seaman Rachel D. , Belfort Michael A. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Donepudi Roopali V. , Espinoza Andres F. , Corroenne Romain , Lee Wesley 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of abnormal Doppler velocimetric patterns in the umbilical arteries (UAs) and right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities (RVOTAs) in twin‐ twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) cases.MethodsThis retrospective study involved women who had laser surgery for TTTS between January 2012 and May 2018 at a single institution. The prevalence of an RVOTA in either twin was compared among TTTS cases in which both twins had positive end‐diastolic flow (EDF) in the UA and those in which either twin had intermittent or persistent absent/reversed UA EDF. Nonparametric tests were used for comparisons. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with an RVOTA in either twin, adjusted for moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, the Quintero stage, and other confounders. P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 126 consecutive TTTS cases were included. Right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities were seen in 8.7% (11of 126) of cases, all in recipient twins. Significant differences in the rate of RVOTAs in the recipient twin were seen between TTTS cases with intermittent absent/reversed UA EDF and those with positive UA EDF (26.9% [7 of 26] versus 3.7% [3 of 82]; P = .002]. However, no significant differences were noted among the other study groups. Intermittent absent/reversed UA EDF was associated with a significantly increased risk for an RVOTA (adjusted odds ratio, 20.6 [95% confidence interval, 3.1–138]; P = .002) after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsIntermittent changes in vascular impedance to UA flow may contribute to the pathogenesis of acquired right‐sided cardiac lesions in the recipient twin affected with TTTS.
Application Value of Shear Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Tumor Downstaging for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cong Yue , Fan Zhihui , Dai Ying , Zhang Zhongyi , Yan Kun 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the application value of shear wave elastography in the evaluation of tumor downstaging for locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated in our hospital who received endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and shear wave elastographic examinations before and after chemoradiotherapy. The cases were grouped according to the postoperative pathologic tumor‐staging scores. The lesions were divided into 2 groups: 1 showing and the other not showing tumor downstaging. The efficacy of ERUS in diagnosis of tumor downstaging was calculated. The differences in the mean and maximum values of the Young modulus of the lesions before and after chemoradiotherapy between the groups were calculated and compared. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed by using the differences in the 2 kinds of values of the Young modulus.ResultsThe mean and maximum values of the Young modulus before and after chemoradiotherapy were significantly different (P < .05). The differences in the mean and maximum values of the Young modulus of rectal lesions between groups were statistically significant (P < .05). The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a difference in the mean value at 34.7 kPa was the optimal diagnostic threshold. Compared with ERUS, this standard showed a significant difference in diagnosis of tumor downstaging (P < .05).ConclusionsShear wave elastography is an effective ultrasound elastographic technique to assist ERUS in evaluating lesions after chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. It can improve the diagnostic efficacy of tumor downstaging and provide effective imaging conclusions for clinical decision making.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Fire on Eastern Box Turtles
Authors: Harris Katie A. , Clark Joseph D. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Harper Craig A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPrescribed fire is an increasingly important management tool for eastern deciduous forests, but relativity little is known about the direct effects of fire on the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina). We used very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to monitor mortality, movement, and spatial ecology of 118 box turtles in response to 17 prescribed fires across 4 seasons and 3 sites in east Tennessee, USA, during 2016–2018. Annual survival of box turtles that experienced a prescribed fire event was lower (0.87 ± 0.04 [SE]) than turtles that did not (0.98 ± 0.01) and was negatively correlated with fire intensity, fire temperature the turtle experienced, and litter depth. All prescribed fire‐related mortalities occurred during the early (Apr–May,n = 5) or late growing season (Sep–Oct,n = 1). Fourteen percent of box turtles we captured exhibited damage to their carapace from previous fire events. Box turtles that survived prescribed fires were in microsites that did not burn, moved to unburned areas during the fire, or burrowed following ignition. Home range size was similar before and after burns and sinuosity of movements did not differ in burned or unburned areas. Our results indicate that though box turtles are susceptible to prescribed fire during their active season, they have behavioral and physical traits that reduce the direct effects of prescribed fire. Prescribed fire practitioners should be aware of the risks of fire, particularly during the active season. We suggest managers consider altering prescribed fire intensity, seasonality, and firing pattern to minimize risk of direct effects where box turtles are of concern. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Copper tetrazolate based metal‐organic frameworks as highly efficient catalysts for artificially chemical and electrochemical CO2 conversion
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Liu Kaihua , Zhang Qi , Meng Fanlu , Bao Di , Zhang Xinbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopment of efficient catalyst for CO2 conversion is highly demanded to alleviate the CO2 related environmental and energy crisis. Here, we develop a series of copper tetrazolate based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) (Cu−5H, Cu−5M and Cu−5P) to promote the artificial CO2 conversion via chemical and electrochemical route. Featuring with abundant exposed Lewis‐acid Cu centers, nitrogen‐rich sites, and porous architecture, Cu−5M and Cu−5P exhibit high yield (>99%) toward synthesizing cyclic carbonate via the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 to epoxide at ambient condition. In electrochemical CO2 conversion process, Cu−5H shows high electrocatalytic activity with a large Faradaic efficiency (91%) for formate. The ex situ scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction investigations indicate the in situ generated Cu species in the MOFs structure play vital roles in promoting the high electrocatalytic activity. Our work sheds light on the facile development of metal and nitrogen‐rich MOF based catalysts in chemical and electrochemical conversion CO2 to valuable chemical and fuel.
Incidence rates of and risk factors for opioid overdose in new users of prescription opioids among US Medicaid enrollees: A cohort study
Authors: Nam Young Hee , Bilker Warren B. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Neuman Mark D. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo measure incidence rates of and risk factors for opioid overdose among new users of prescription opioids in the Medicaid population.MethodsA cohort study using Medicaid claims from four states (1999‐2012) among adults continuously enrolled in Medicaid for ≥3 years free of opioid prescriptions and opioid overdose before cohort entry. Exposure and outcome of interest were prescription opioid use and apparent incident opioid overdose identified in inpatient and outpatient claims (sensitivity ≈ 97%; positive predictive value ≈ 87%), respectively.ResultsAmong new prescription opioid users (1 336 140 persons; 246 466 person‐years), the overall opioid overdose incidence rate per 100 000 person‐years was 247.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 227.5‐266.7), with 251.0 (CI, 188.6‐313.5) in 2002 and 225.5 (CI, 142.0‐309.0) in 2012. A lower hazard for opioid overdose was seen for age 65‐80 years (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; CI, 0.37‐0.66) and 80‐100 years (0.35; 0.23‐0.52) vs 18‐35 years; females (0.79; 0.67‐0.93) vs males; and other/unknown race/ethnicity (0.71; 0.54‐0.93) vs whites. A higher hazard was seen for initial opioid dose in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), 50‐100 MME/day (1.52; 1.24‐1.86) and >100 MME/day (1.98; 1.55‐2.53), vs <50 MME/day; prior diagnosis of substance use disorders (2.30; 1.91‐2.79) or mental health conditions (1.75; 1.47‐2.08); and prior prescriptions for benzodiazepines (1.43; 1.13‐1.81).ConclusionIn Medicaid enrollees in four study states during 2002 to 2012, opioid overdose incidence rate per 100 000 person‐years among apparent new users of prescription opioids was 247.1, with 251.0 in 2002 and 225.5 in 2012. Younger ages, white race/ethnicity, higher MME opioid daily doses, prior substance use disorders, mental health conditions, and benzodiazepine prescriptions were associated with a higher risk of opioid overdose incidence.
Controlled radical copolymerization of multivinyl crosslinkers: a robust route to functional branched macromolecules
Authors: Sims Michael B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControlled radical polymerization (CRP) has both revolutionized the synthesis of linear polymers and enabled unprecedented topological complexity. While the synthesis of many polymeric architectures requires careful planning and specialized precursors, branched macromolecules such as segmented hyperbranched polymers (SHPs), knotted polymers, core‐crosslinked stars (CCSs), and more can be synthesized through the copolymerization of vinyl monomers and divinyl crosslinkers in only a few steps. In the nearly two decades since its discovery, this strategy has helped elucidate the fundamental polymerization behavior of crosslinkers and also yielded a variety of functional and stimuli‐responsive materials. The purpose of this mini‐review is to therefore overview critical fundamental aspects of CRP of crosslinkers and materials derived therefrom. The process by which both SHPs and CCS polymers are synthesized, the effect of key reaction parameters and intriguing recent advances are described with the intent of both educating new researchers and inspiring new directions in this area. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Implementation of analytical quality‐by‐design and green analytical chemistry approaches for the development of robust and ecofriendly UHPLC analytical method for quantification of chrysin
Authors: Sharma Teenu , Jain Atul , Saini Sumant , Katare OP , Singh Bhupinder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmalgamation of Quality by Design approach with the concepts of green analytical chemistry was employed for holistic understanding of the method, along with minimal environmental adverse impacts. Thus, the current analytical method was precisely evaluated employing risk assessment studies followed by factor screening studies in order to select the critical method parameters. Optimization for the chosen critical method parameters was carried out employing a 3‐factor‐3‐level‐17‐run Box Behnken Design. Analytical design region marking the optimal method performance was identified using numerical and graphical optimization. Optimal method conditions include use of a C8 column, along with acetonitrile and water in 80:20 v/v as mobile phase flowing at the rate of 0.5 mL/min with an injection volume of 5 µL at λmax of 267 nm. Validation studies established the high efficiency, robustness, and sensitivity of the developed method for quantification of chrysin in working standards as well as in biological matrix, that is, plasma. Optimal method exhibited high sensitivity with 0.028 µg/mL as LOD and 0.075 µg/mL as LOQ. Percent recovery during accuracy testing was found to be between 98.34 and 104.80%, thus, demonstrating method to be highly accurate. Thus, this method finds its utility in qualitative and quantitative analysis of chrysin. The obtained score for the current developed method was found to be 81 on the basis of penalty points of eco scale, indicating it to be a greener analytical method.
Note on quantitative homogenization results for parabolic systems in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$
Authors: Meshkova Yulia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn $$L_2({\mathbb {R}}^d;{\mathbb {C}}^n)$$

L
2

(

R

d

;

C

n

)

, we consider a semigroup $$e^{-tA_\varepsilon }$$

e

-
t

A
ε

, $$t\geqslant 0$$

t
⩾
0

, generated by a matrix elliptic second-order differential operator $$A_\varepsilon \geqslant 0$$

A
ε

⩾
0

. Coefficients of $$A_\varepsilon $$

A
ε

are periodic, depend on $${\mathbf {x}}/\varepsilon $$

x
/
ε

, and oscillate rapidly as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

. Approximations for $$e^{-tA_\varepsilon }$$

e

-
t

A
ε

were obtained by Suslina (Funktsional Analiz i ego Prilozhen 38(4):86–90, 2004) and Suslina (Math Model Nat Phenom 5(4):390–447, 2010) via the spectral method and by Zhikov and Pastukhova (Russ J Math Phys 13(2):224–237, 2006) via the shift method. In the present note, we give another short proof based on the contour integral representation for the semigroup and approximations for the resolvent with two-parametric error estimates obtained by Suslina (2015).
Elevated plasma endocan and BOC in heart failure patients decrease after heart transplantation in association with improved hemodynamics
Authors: Ahmed Salaheldin , Ahmed Abdulla , Bouzina Habib , Lundgren Jakob , Rådegran Göran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is rising with ageing population and constitutes a major health problem globally. A common complication of HF is pulmonary hypertension (PH) which negatively impacts survival. A pathophysiological association between HF and PH with tumorigenic processes has been suggested. We aimed to identify the plasma levels of, and the association between tumour-related proteins and hemodynamic improvements in patients with HF and PH due to left heart disease (LHD) before and 1-year after heart transplantation (HT).

Methods
Forty-eight tumour-related proteins were measured with proximity extension assay in plasma from 20 controls and 26 HF patients before and 1-year after HT. Patients’ hemodynamics were measured with right heart catheterization.

Results
Out of 48 proteins, specifically, plasma levels of endocan and brother of CDO (BOC) were elevated in end-stage HF patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), but decreased after HT (p < 0.01), towards controls’ levels. The decrease of endocan levels after HT correlated with improved mean pulmonary arterial pressure (rs = 0.80, p < 0.0001), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (rs = 0.63, p = 0.0012), and pulmonary vascular resistance (rs = 0.70, p < 0.001). The decrease and normalization of BOC after HT correlated with decreased mean right atrial pressure (rs = 0.61 p = 0.0015) and NT-proBNP (rs = 0.57, p = 0.0022), as well as increased cardiac index (rs = − 0.51, p = 0.0086) and left-ventricular stroke work index (rs = − 0.57, p = 0.0039).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that (i) plasma endocan in HF may reflect the state of pulmonary vascular congestion and PH-LHD, whereas (ii) plasma BOC may reflect the cardiac function and the hemodynamic overload in HF. The exact role of these proteins and their clinical applicability as biomarkers in HF and PH-LHD ought to be investigated in larger cohorts.
Pathogenesis of multimorbidity—what is known?
Authors: Wetterling Tilman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity is gaining increasing attention due to its substantial medical, healthcare political and social challenges. So far, however, there have been only few studies attempting to characterize the underlying pathogenesis.MethodA selective literature search was carried out in PubMed.ResultsThere is no generally accepted definition of multimorbidity. In the studies published so far, attempts have mostly been made to identify frequent clusters of diseases. In order to prevent multimorbidity, however, it is necessary to characterize the underlying mechanisms of development in more detail. For this purpose, a concept is presented based on the previously published data, in particular from longitudinal studies showing the importance of known risk factors. Possible pathogenetic processes involving multimorbidity are briefly discussed.ConclusionFor most pathogenetic processes leading to multimorbidity there is no suitable pharmacological treatment available; however, behavior such as lack of exercise, dietary habits, smoking and high alcohol consumption are of considerable importance for the development of multimorbidity and can in principle be influenced by treatment.
Small molecule substances as molecular probes of structure and texture of coal under sorption process and modelling
Authors: Wójcik Marta , Jodłowski Grzegorz S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple Sorption Model (MSM) is used to simulate sorption isotherms and the effect of the multiplicity of physicochemical parameters is reduced by introducing an invariant procedure using a few sorbates that are small molecules. This study presents the use of water, methanol, carbon dioxide and methane as test molecules to determine the structure and texture of coal and energy parameters. Parallel calculations for a set of sorption systems on the same coal sample recursively yield the most probable estimates. The procedure was tested for 6 coal samples with different carbon content. Effect of simulations made by MSM is evaluated on measurements of sorption isotherms. Result obtained by the analysis shows that smaller submicropores are in better contact with sorbate molecule and bigger one contact is weaker-contacts play vital role in energy contribution to the molecule. Tendency of significant absorption for CO2 and CH3OH and insignificant for H2O and CH4 is confirmed on the basis of thermodynamic dissertation/calculation.
Development and Validation of a Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics-Based Risk-Score Algorithm for Targeting HIV Testing Among Adults in Kenya
Authors: Muttai Hellen , Guyah Bernard , Musingila Paul , Achia Thomas , Miruka Fredrick , Wanjohi Stella , Dande Caroline , Musee Polycarp , Lugalia Fillet , Onyango Dickens , Kinywa Eunice , Okomo Gordon , Moth Iscah , Omondi Samuel , Ayieko Caren , Nganga Lucy , Joseph Rachael H. , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo inform targeted HIV testing, we developed and externally validated a risk-score algorithm that incorporated behavioral characteristics. Outpatient data from five health facilities in western Kenya, comprising 19,458 adults ≥ 15 years tested for HIV from September 2017 to May 2018, were included in univariable and multivariable analyses used for algorithm development. Data for 11,330 adults attending one high-volume facility were used for validation. Using the final algorithm, patients were grouped into four risk-score categories: ≤ 9, 10–15, 16–29 and ≥ 30, with increasing HIV prevalence of 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.75], 1.35% (95% CI 0.85–1.84), 2.65% (95% CI 1.8–3.51), and 15.15% (95% CI 9.03–21.27), respectively. The algorithm’s discrimination performance was modest, with an area under the receiver-operating-curve of 0.69 (95% CI 0.53–0.84). In settings where universal testing is not feasible, a risk-score algorithm can identify sub-populations with higher HIV-risk to be prioritized for HIV testing.
The Influence of Intra-Daily Activities and Settings upon Weekday Violent Crime in Public Spaces in Manchester, UK
Authors: Lee Won Do , Haleem Muhammad Salman , Ellison Mark , Bannister Jon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeople ebb and flow across the city. The spatial and temporal patterning of crime is, in part, reflective of this mobility, of the scale of the population present in any given setting at a particular time. It is also a function of capacity of this population to perform an active role as an offender, victim or guardian in any specific crime type, itself shaped by the time-variant activities undertaken in, and the qualities of, particular settings. To this end, this paper explores the intra-daily influence of activities and settings upon the weekday spatial and temporal patterning of violent crime in public spaces. This task is achieved through integrating a transient population dataset with travel survey, point-of-interest and recorded crime data in a study of Great Manchester (UK). The research deploys a negative binomial regression model controlling for spatial lag effects. It finds strong and independent, but time-variant, associations between leisure activities, leisure settings and the spatial and temporal patterning of violent crime in public space. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and empirical implications of these findings.
The effect of hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios on its pore structure and catalytic performance
Authors: Hou Yuexin , Li Xiaoyun , Sun Minghui , Li Chaofan , Bakhtiar Syed ul Hasnain , Lei Kunhao , Yu Shen , Wang Zhao , Hu Zhiyi , Chen Lihua , Su Bao-Lian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (Hier-ZSM-5-x, where x = 50, 100, 150 and 200) were synthesized using an ordered mesoporous carbon-silica composite as hard template. Hier-ZSM-5-x exhibits improved mass transport properties, excellent mechanical and hydrothermal stability, and higher catalytic activity than commercial bulk zeolites in the benzyl alcohol self-etherification reaction. Results show that a decrease in the Si/Al ratio in hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites leads to a significant increase in the acidity and the density of micropores, which increases the final catalytic conversion. The effect of porous hierarchy on the diffusion of active sites and the final catalytic activity was also studied by comparing the catalytic conversion after selectively designed poisoned acid sites. These poisoned Hier-ZSM-5-x shows much higher catalytic conversion than the poisoned commercial ZSM-5 zeolite, which indicates that the numerous intracrystalline mesopores significantly reduce the diffusion path of the reactant, leading to the faster diffusion inside the zeolite to contact with the acid sites in the micropores predominating in ZSM-5 zeolites. This study can be extended to develop a series of hierarchical single-crystal zeolites with expected catalytic performance.
Cerebral Protection Devices during Transcatheter Interventions: Indications, Benefits, and Limitations
Authors: Haussig Stephan , Linke Axel , Mangner Norman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Stroke remains a devastating complication of cardiovascular interventions. This review is going to discuss stroke rates and outcomes in different cardiovascular procedures with a highlight on the current evidence for the use of cerebral protection devices (CPD).

Recent Findings
Depending on the quality of neurological assessment, stroke occurs in up to 9.1% after TAVI, 3.9% after mitral clipping, 3.1% in LAAO patients, 0.4% after PCIs, and 1.8% after catheter ablation. CPDs are available for routine use. They are easy to use in most anatomies, feasible, and safe. Data on clinical impact and stroke reduction from RCTs are still missing.

Summary
Most evidence for the routine use of CPDs exists in TAVI patients, who are at the highest risk. The PROTECTED TAVI RCT will shed more light on the clinical impact of CPD-use in TAVI patients. In other cardiovascular procedures like mitral clipping, PCIs, and ablation, the current data do not support the routine use of CPDs in these patients.