bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface emergence of glacial plumes determined by fjord stratification
Authors: De Andrés Eva , Slater Donald A. , Straneo Fiamma , Otero Jaime , Das Sarah , Navarro Francisco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Meltwater and sediment-laden plumes at tidewater
glaciers, resulting from the localized subglacial discharge of surface melt,
influence submarine melting of the glacier and the delivery of nutrients to
the fjord's surface waters. It is usually assumed that increased subglacial
discharge will promote the surfacing of these plumes. Here, at a western
Greenland tidewater glacier, we investigate the counterintuitive observation
of a non-surfacing plume in July 2012 (a year of record surface melting)
compared to the surfacing of the plume in July 2013 (an average melt year).
We combine oceanographic observations, subglacial discharge estimates and an
idealized plume model to explain the observed plumes' behavior and evaluate
the relative impact of fjord stratification and subglacial discharge on
plume dynamics. We find that increased fjord stratification prevented the
plume from surfacing in 2012, show that the fjord was more stratified in
2012 due to increased freshwater content and speculate that this arose from
an accumulation of ice sheet surface meltwater in the fjord in this record
melt year. By developing theoretical scalings, we show that fjord
stratification in general exerts a dominant control on plume vertical extent (and thus
surface expression), so that studies using plume surface expression as a
means of diagnosing variability in glacial processes should account for
possible changes in stratification. We introduce the idea that, despite
projections of increased surface melting over Greenland, the appearance of
plumes at the fjord surface could in the future become less common if the
increased freshwater acts to stratify fjords around the Greenland ice sheet.
We discuss the implications of our findings for nutrient fluxes, trapping of
atmospheric CO2 and the properties of water exported from Greenland's
fjords.
Janusz Miketta – organizer and reformer of music education in Poland
Authors: Domagała Jarosław 
Published: June 2020

Janusz Miketta (1890-1954) – Polish musicologist, pedagogue and music life organizer. He studied philosophy at the University of Warsaw. He completed his music studies at the Music Institute in Warsaw and in Leipzig, as well as at the F. Chopin Higher Music School in Warsaw. Next, he was the principal of the Music School in Warsaw and from 1919 – the director of the Music Society and the S. Moniuszko Music School in Lublin. In 1924, he started his teaching career at the F. Chopin Higher Music School in Warsaw and later at the M. Karłowicz Music School in Warsaw. In the years 1926–1931, he was a desk officer for music affairs in the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment and from 1931 – the secretary of the Local Sightseeing Society in Warsaw and Stanisławów.
From 1945 to 1948, he was the head of the Music Education Section of the Music Department in the Ministry of Culture and Art and the chairman of the Program Committee of Music Education in the above-mentioned Ministry. Based on Janusz Miketta’s own concept of music education, the Ministry of Culture and Art issued a directive of 7 December 1945 on a special system of music education. Music schools in Poland were divided into vocational ones (lower, middle and higher) and those providing music appreciation classes. This three-stage structure made it possible to adjust teaching program to new needs and select a specialization based on the degree of a pupil’s talent. As a result of reforms introduced in the 1949/1950 school year, schools providing music appreciation classes were liquidated, though the three-layer structure of the school system was maintained. This schooling system, with minor changes, is still in operation in Poland.
In the years 1948-1954, Miketta was a professor of the State Higher Music School in Cracow.
Photophysics of BODIPY Dyes: Recent Advances
Authors: Çetindere Seda 
Published: June 2020

BODIPY dyes are unique fluorophores that can be used in numerous application areas because of their interesting photophysical properties such as high molar absorptivity, tunable absorption and emission energies, and high fluorescence quantum yields. They show impressive photophysical property changes upon substitution of functional groups on the main core structure. Exchange of the meso-carbon on dipyrrin core with nitrogen produces an analog class of BODIPY called aza-BODIPY. Up to now, various kinds of BODIPY and aza-BODIPY derivatives have been developed and applied in science and industry. In this chapter, recent studies on photophysical properties of BODIPY derivatives are summarized.
A Systematic Review of Swarm Robots
Authors: Olaronke Iroju , Rhoda Ikono , Gambo Ishaya , Oluwaseun Ojerinde , Janet Olaleke 
Published: June 2020

Advances in robotics have paved the way for a novel approach of organizing large numbers of robots, otherwise referred to as multi-robots. Multi-robots can either be homogenous or heterogeneous. Nevertheless, a group of autonomous and relatively homogenous robots that interacts with one another as well as with their environment is referred to as swarm robots. Swarm robots are biologically inspired by natural swarms as found in animal societies such as birds and fishes as well as social insects such as honey bees, wasps, termites and ants. Hence, they exhibit certain properties which are similar to those found in these creatures such as aggregation, self-organization, foraging as well as flocking. Swarm robots work together to achieve a desired goal, which is usually too complex for a single robot to accomplish. They are typically characterized by simplicity of individuals, fault tolerance, autonomy, parallelism, high reliability, scalability as well as robustness. They can be used for mining, military, medical and agricultural activities. They can also be used for search and rescue missions, toxic waste cleanup, and for piling sandbags along coastlines in preparation for floods or hurricane. Nevertheless, swarm robots are plagued with the stigma of widespread, interference, uncertainty, safety and lack of reliable communication. Furthermore, studies in swarm robotics are practically limited to virtual reality simulations. Hence, the principles of swarm robotics are rarely applied to real-life problems. It is against this background that this study systematically explores swarm robots. This study reviewed eighty literatures relating to swarm robots. These literatures were obtained from journal articles, technical reports, books, and conference proceedings. The selection of these literatures was based on their relevance to the research problem. This study revealed that the application of swarm robots to real life problems would promote the development of systems that are robust, fault tolerant and scalable.
Frustration of Expectations and Aspirations in Pre-adolescents as a Cause of Emotional and Social Conflict
Authors: Fykaris Ioannis , Rantzou Maria , Matiaki Vasiliki , Karolidou Sotiria 
Published: June 2020

Aims: The main aim of this article is to investigate the data on prevention and management of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts in the school environment, which can cause feelings of frustration of expectations in adolescence (11-13 years).
Study Design: The design of the research was based on the assumption that frustration is a powerful incriminating factor in causing conflicting behaviors between students and that frustration can be used as a teaching skill in the prevention and management of conflict situations. The research in related bibliography focused on specific theories and assumptions that constituted the theoretical framework of the research.
Place and Duration of Study: The sample of the research were students aged 11, 12 and 13, attending schools in the Ioannina and Thessaloniki prefectural administrations. The specific administrations were selected based on where the researchers came from (the "convenience sample").
Methodology: The sample consisted of 50 students 11, 12 y.o., respectively attending 5th, 6th grade and 50 students 13 y.o., attending the 1st year of Junior High. All students were selected in a statistically random way. Regarding the research methodology, the research instrument used was a structured questionnaire, based on the following psychometric tools: A) Peer Conflict Scale (PCS), B) The Frustration Discomfort Scale.
Results: The analysis of the research variables correlations showed that: a) Research subjects who will vigorously pursue something, want it vigorously and find it difficult to wait for things to be done now (positive, moderate correlation P< .001. b) When there is likely to be no tolerance, then the expression of the expectation frustration may lead to conflict so that the frustration is not consolidated and the expectation of desire or pursuit is reached (positive, moderate correlation P< .001. The subjects of the sample tend to avoid negative emotions but also the situations for which they feel will cause them irritation (positive, moderate correlation P < .001. d) Statistically significant (positive, moderate correlation P< .001 is the correlation of feeling that they are receiving the attention of others, in relation to their willingness to impose on others, in order to gain respect. This does not negate the statistically significant correlation for the subjects to even claim to conflict until something changes that bothers them (positive, moderate correlation P < .001.
Conclusion: The different types of frustration and the various ways of resolving conflicts (highlighting 'compliance' as the main way) form the final research outputs, which are in line with the researchers' latest positions on the 'cancellation-aggression' hypothesis.
The compound paraquat dichloride hydrate significantly affects the in vitro growth rate of a Chromobacterium violaceum wild type strain
Authors: Gabriel Jane Eyre , De Souza Denise Andréa Silva , De Carvalho Francisco Allan Leandro , Madeira Humberto Maciel França 
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to assess the <em>in vitro</em> growth rate of the <em>C. violaceum</em> wild type strain ATCC12472 when exposed to the compound paraquat dichloride hydrate, one of the most herbicides largely employed in agriculture around the world. The bacterium was monitored using spectrophotometry to estimate the growth rate of bacterial inocula incubated in a nutrient broth medium containing the compound paraquat at different concentrations. Moreover, the number of viable <a title="Bacteria" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria">bacteria</a> cells in the samples was also estimated based on colony-forming units on the nutrient broth agar. Results showed that the compound paraquat promoted significant decreases in the growth rate of the <em>C. violaceum </em>bacterium in response to incubation time and dose tested. Significantly lower values of bacterial growth were also corroborated by counting the total number of colony-forming units at final concentrations of 100 (&lt;10<sup>4 </sup>CFU) and 1,000 µg mL<sup>-1 </sup>(&lt;10<sup>2 </sup>CFU) in comparison to control and 0 µg mL<sup>-1 </sup>(&gt;10<sup>8 </sup>CFU) on the nutrient broth agar. Thus, the findings described herein report the effects of the compound paraquat dichloride hydrate on the <em>in vitro </em>growth rate of a <em>C. violaceum</em> wild type strain.
Efeito modulador do óleo essencial do limão Taiti (Citrus latifolia) em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Silva Bruna Cássia , Gomes Silva Oliveira Rosiane , Alves Vasconcelos Mirley 
Published: June 2020

<p class="Default">Óleos essenciais são muito utilizados para fins terapêuticos. Nas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo do interesse pelas terapias naturais. Dentre os produtos naturais empregados em abordagens terapêuticas, o óleo essencial do limão Taiti utilizado, é descrito como produto com grande potencial terapêutico e farmacológico. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito carcinogênico e/ou anticarcinogênico do limão Taiti (<em>Citrus latifolia</em>), por meio do teste <em>wts</em> em células somáticas de <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster. </em>Larvas de terceiro estágio, do cruzamento entre fêmeas virgens <em>wts/TM3, Sb<sup>1</sup></em> com machos <em>mwh/mwh</em>, foram tratadas cronicamente com diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial do limão Taiti (1,5; 3,0; 6,0 µL) isoladamente e associadas à Doxorrubicina (DXR). Utilizaram-se dois controles, um negativo (Tween 1%) e um positivo (DXR 0,4 mM). Nos resultados, as concentrações isoladas apresentaram frequência de tumores que não diferiram do controle negativo (<em>p&gt;0,05</em>), já as concentrações associadas, houve um efeito modulador sobre a DXR, com a redução na frequência de tumores comparada ao controle positivo <em>(p&lt;0,05</em>). O presente trabalho, em condição experimental, atesta que o óleo essencial de limão Taiti (C<em>itrus latifolia</em>) não apresentou ação carcinogênica e sim ação anticarcinogênica em <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em></p>
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Shasha Carolyn , Krishnan Kannan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles are currently the focus of investigation for a wide range of biomedical applications that fall into the categories of imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. A deep understanding of nanoparticle magnetization dynamics is fundamental to optimization and further development of these applications. Here, a summary of theoretical models of nanoparticle dynamics is presented, and computational nonequilibrium models are outlined, which currently represent the most sophisticated methods for modeling nanoparticle dynamics. Nanoparticle magnetization response is explored in depth; the effect of applied field amplitude, as well as nanoparticle size, on the resulting rotation mechanism and timescale is investigated. Two applications in biomedicine, magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia, are highlighted.
Core–Shell Structured Nanoenergetic Materials: Preparation and Fundamental Properties
Authors: Ma Xiaoxia , Li Yuxiang , Hussain Iftikhar , Shen Ruiqi , Yang Guangcheng , Zhang Kaili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnergetic materials, including explosives, pyrotechnics, and propellants, are widely used in mining, demolition, automobile airbags, fireworks, ordnance, and space technology. Nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) have a high reaction rate and high energy density, which are both adjustable to a large extent. Structural control over nEMs to achieve improved performance and multifunctionality leads to a fascinating research area, namely, nanostructured energetic materials. Among them, core–shell structured nEMs have gained considerable attention due to their improved material properties and combined multiple functionalities. Various nEMs with core–shell structures have been developed through diverse synthesis routes, among which core–shell structured nEMs associated with explosives and metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) are extensively studied due to their good tunability and wide applications, as well as excellent energetic (e.g., enhanced heat release and combustion) and/or mechanical properties. Herein, the preparation methods and fundamental properties of the abovementioned kinds of core–shell structured nEMs are summarized and the reasons behind the satisfactory performance clarified, based on which suggestions regarding possible future research directions are proposed.
Iron Ion‐Doped Tricalcium Phosphate Coatings Improve the Properties of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Implant Application
Authors: Antoniac Iulian V. , Filipescu Mihaela , Barbaro Katia , Bonciu Anca , Birjega Ruxandra , Cotrut Cosmin M. , Galvano Ettore , Fosca Marco , Fadeeva Inna V. , Vadalà Gianluca , Dinescu Maria , Rau Julietta V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIron‐substituted tricalcium phosphate (Fe‐TCP) (about 1 wt%) coatings are deposited on biodegradable Mg‐Ca alloys to improve their corrosion resistance. Pulsed laser deposition technique is used for coating preparation. The 2 µm thick coatings are uniformly deposited. (Ca+Fe)/P ratio for the Fe‐TCP coatings is close to the stoichiometric value. Coated and uncoated Mg‐Ca alloys are subjected to electrochemical tests to investigate the influence of the coatings on their corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF). Tafel curves corresponding to coated and uncoated Mg‐Ca alloy samples in SBF show that the most electropositive corrosion potential is reached for the Fe‐TCP‐coated Mg‐Ca deposited at 300 °C. From the obtained and calculated values of the electrochemical parameters it follows that this sample possesses the best characteristics: it has the smallest porosity and the highest protective efficiency in SBF. Equine adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are used for 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide test and osteogenic differentiation study. Microbiology tests are performed with Escherichia coli (E. coli) (Gram−) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) bacteria strains. The Fe‐TCP‐coated Mg‐Ca deposited at 300 °C is characterized by the best cytocompatibility and good ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli and is recommended for biomedical implant applications.
A Cu‐Doping Strategy to Enhance Photoelectric Performance of Self‐Powered Hole‐Conductor‐Free Perovskite Photodetector for Optical Communication Applications
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Liu Xingyue , Sun Bo , Tan Xianhua , Ye Haibo , Zhou Jianxin , Tang Zirong , Shi Tielin , Liao Guanglan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotodetectors are essential parts of wireless optical communication system for obtaining high fidelity signal transmission, which mainly relies on expensive and energy‐consuming Si, GaN, and InGaAs based photodiodes. The emerging organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials, with the merits of low‐cost, strong optical absorption, superior charge transport, and so on, are widely investigated in photodetection applications. Herein, a Cu ion induced p‐type doping strategy for perovskite film is proposed to facilitate hole transport, passivate trap states, avoid charge accumulation, and suppress recombination of photogenerated carriers, contributing to an enhanced photoelectric performance for self‐powered hole‐conductor‐free devices. The optimal device shows a highest responsivity of 0.37 A W−1, detectivity of 1.06 × 1012 Jones, linear dynamic range of over 101 dB, and an ultimate photoresponse rate approaching 5 µs. Moreover, an optical communication system integrated with the perovskite photodetector as light signal receiver for transmitting digital signals is demonstrated, in which characters can be transmitted accurately, and audio signal is recovered with high fidelity. The results suggest that with proper chemical modification, perovskite materials are promising alternative to inorganic semiconductors for efficient photodetection in advanced integrated optical communication system.
Overcoming the Abbe Diffraction Limit Using a Bundle of Metal‐Coated High‐Refractive‐Index Sapphire Optical Fibers
Authors: Zaytsev Kirill I. , Katyba Gleb M. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Dolganova Irina N. , Kucheryavenko Anna S. , Rossolenko Anna N. , Tuchin Valery V. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Skorobogatiy Maksim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile fiber bundles attract much interest in optics, their resolution is limited by the individual fiber size, which can be as large as a wavelength λ for common fiber optics materials. In order to increase fiber bundle resolution, in this work, high‐refractive‐index sapphire fibers with n > 3 are employed in the terahertz (THz) range, which ensures strong confinement of the guided modes and enables a fiber bundle resolution beyond the 0.62λ Abbe limit of free space optics. A sapphire fiber bundle is fabricated and its advanced resolution is experimentally demonstrated, using both analysis of the pair correlation function of the disordered fiber packing and continuous‐wave THz imaging. The resolution vares across the aperture with the mean value of 0.53λ, while, at certain regions of the bundle, it is as low as 0.3λ. The developed principles can be translated to any spectral range where high‐refractive‐index fiber optics materials are available.
Long Persistent Luminescence from All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Ze , Zhao Lei , Cao Jiangyan , Yu Xue , Yang Yang (Michael) , Yu Siufung , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe advantages of ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield and narrow spectral bandwidth of all‐inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) enable them as the most potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, it is difficult to obtain long persistent luminescence from inorganic perovskite nanocrystals as the creation of effective trapping centers comes along with the generation of nonradioactive recombination centers. Here, replacing Pb2+ by appropriate lanthanide ions (Ln3+) in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals that are embedded inside an amorphous transparent medium via a high‐temperature (≈500 °C) fabrication process is proposed to achieve stable and effective trapping centers. Furthermore, the surface coating of the enclosed nanocrystals prevents the formation of surface defects, leading to long persistent luminescence from CsPbBr3: Ln3+ NCs. The CsPbBr3: Ln3+ NCs with unprecedented high color purity (≈89.9%) and long lasting time of more than 1800 s could be a promising candidate for the application in anti‐counterfeiting.
Complete endoscopic sinus surgery followed by aspirin desensitization is associated with decreased overall corticosteroid use
Authors: Bosso John V. , Locke Tran B. , Kuan Edward C. , Tripathi Siddhant H. , Ig‐Izevbekhai Kevin I. , Kalaf Laila T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an aggressive respiratory tract inflammatory disorder manifesting as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and a respiratory sensitivity to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Corticosteroids, both systemic and topical/inhaled, are used to treat inflammation of the upper and lower airways. Our objective was to examine the potential impact of complete endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) on short‐term and long‐term corticosteroid use.MethodsFor this pilot study, a retrospective chart review of all patients with AERD who underwent ESS followed by AD was performed. Daily prednisone use, average daily prednisone dose, and inhaled corticosteroid use were analyzed at the following time points: preoperative, postoperative/pre‐AD, and 2 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, and 13 to 24 months following AD.ResultsA total of 125 patients underwent ESS followed by AD. Compared to preoperatively, patients who underwent ESS and AD were less likely to be on daily prednisone at all time points and upon long‐term follow‐up (32% preoperatively vs 10% at 13 to 24 months, McNemar's test = 9.00, p = 0.009). Average daily prednisone dose decreased from 10.6 ± 7.9 mg preoperatively to 3.8 ± 2.6 mg at 13 to 24 months following AD (Mann‐Whitney U; W = 122, p = 0.01). Similarly, high‐dose and medium‐dose inhaled corticosteroid use decreased from 18% to 7% and from 36% to 22% respectively (Pearson's chi‐square = 8.06, p = 0.05).ConclusionIn our AERD cohort who underwent ESS followed by AD, there was an observed decrease in overall systemic and topical/inhaled corticosteroid use. These findings can have implications for treatment given the potentially hazardous side effects of corticosteroid use.