bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological correlates of riverine diatom and macroinvertebrate alpha and beta diversity across Arctic Fennoscandia
Authors: Brittain John E. , Heino Jani , Friberg Nikolai , Aroviita Jukka , Kahlert Maria , Karjalainen Satu‐Maaria , Keck François , Lento Jennifer , Liljaniemi Petri , Mykrä Heikki , Schneider Susanne C. , Ylikörkkö Jukka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Arctic freshwaters support biota adapted to the harsh conditions at these latitudes, but the climate is changing rapidly and so are the underlying environmental filters. Currently, we have limited understanding of broad‐scale patterns of Arctic riverine biodiversity and the correlates of α‐ and β‐diversity.

Using information from a database set up within the scope of the Arctic Council's Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Plan, we analysed patterns and correlates of α‐ and β‐diversity in benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate communities across northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We analysed variation in total β‐diversity and its replacement and richness difference components in relation to location of the river reach and its drainage basin (Baltic Sea in the south, the Barents Sea in the east and the north, and the Norwegian Sea in the west), in addition to climate and environmental variables.

In both macroinvertebrates and diatoms, the replacement and richness difference components showed wide variation. For macroinvertebrates, the richness difference component was the more important, whereas for diatoms, the replacement component was the more important in contributing to variation in β‐diversity. There was no significant difference in β‐diversity between the three main drainage basins, but species composition differed among the drainage basins.

Based on the richness difference component of β‐diversity, climate variables were most strongly associated with community variation in macroinvertebrates. In diatoms, both environmental and climate variables were strongly correlated with community compositional variation. In both groups, there were also significant differences in α‐diversity among the three main drainage basins, and several taxa were significant indicators of one of these drainage basins. Alpha diversity was greater in areas with a continental climate, while the oceanic areas in the west harboured greatly reduced flora and fauna.

The correlates of biodiversity were relatively similar in macroinvertebrates and diatoms. Climate variables, in particular temperature, were the most strongly associated with biodiversity patterns in the Arctic rivers of Fennoscandia. Sedimentary geology may be associated with increased productivity and, to a lesser extent, with sensitivity to acidification. There was considerable variation in community composition across Arctic Fennoscandia, indicating the necessity of protecting several stream reaches or even whole catchments within each region to conserve total riverine biodiversity. Furthermore, it is likely that the predicted changes in temperature in Arctic areas will influence riverine diversity patterns across Fennoscandia.
Windstorm‐induced canopy openings accelerate temperate forest adaptation to global warming
Authors: Dietz Lucie , Collet Catherine , Dupouey Jean‐Luc , Lacombe Eric , Laurent Lisa , Gégout Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimClimate change is known to be a driver of changes in forest plant communities and to modify disturbance regimes. We investigated whether forest gaps favoured vegetation adaptation to warmer climates by accelerating the shift of plant communities to a warmer‐adapted composition independently of canopy closure linked to natural forest dynamics.LocationTemperate and mountainous forests of France.Time period2002–2018.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsUsing floristic surveys conducted in 2002 and 2018 in 139 permanent plots set up in unmanaged forest gaps created by windstorms in 1999, we assessed the plant communities’ changes in context of global warming. We also compared gap communities to closed communities inventoried in undisturbed forest. A community temperature index (CTI) and a community light index (CLI) were computed for each floristic survey with species temperature optima and Ellenberg light indicator values, respectively.ResultsCTI increased significantly in the gaps over the 16 years by 0.11°C/decade on average. During the same period, the CLI decreased, indicating that community thermophilization was not the direct result of an increase in solar radiation linked to gap creation. Models showed that, after canopy recovery, thermophilization was stronger in mountains (+0.54°C) than lowland sites (+0.12°C) compared to undisturbed forests. The difference between former gaps and undisturbed forests resulted from the colonization of warm adapted species and the decline of cold adapted species in gaps.Main conclusionsFor a given canopy closure, our results show that thermophilization of understorey communities is higher in areas with previous disturbances than in undisturbed forests. By increasing the speed of thermophilization, the disturbance regime plays a key role in the adaptation of forest communities to climate warming. The effects of large‐scale disturbances on forest plant composition should therefore not be overlooked, especially since disturbance regime tends to intensify with climate change.
Prognostic factors of 90‐day mortality in older people with healthcare‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Ebihara Takae , Miyamoto Takahide , Kozaki Koichi 
Published: September 2020

AimThe Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age (CURB‐65) scores have been used as prognostic factors of mortality related to healthcare‐associated pneumonia. However, aspiration pneumonia remains unclear.MethodsA cross‐sectional, prospective cohort study was carried out with 130 inpatients aged ≥75 years at a Geriatric ward of Kyorin University Hospital, Japan. We investigated the utility of aspiration pneumonia‐related factors, latency of swallowing reflex and cough reflex sensitivity, serum albumin levels, the neutrophil‐to‐ lymphocyte ratio, and conventional scores of pneumonia severity, for predicting 30‐ and 90‐day healthcare‐associated pneumonia mortality. Patient demographics, cognition, physical activity (Barthel Index), eating ability (Food Intake Level Scale), dementia stage (Functional Assessment Staging Tool), performance status (Zubrod score), current medications and comorbidities were collected. Pneumonia severity was evaluated using the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CURB‐65 and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria scores.ResultsAge, Barthel Index, Zubrod, Functional Assessment Staging Tool and Food Intake Level Scale scores were significantly associated with mortality, whereas the conventional scores were not. The Kaplan–Meier method with the log–rank test using Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that serum albumin levels <2.75 and the comorbidity of atrial fibrillation were associated with a lower survival rate in deceased versus surviving individuals at 90 days. In addition, a deteriorated latency of swallowing reflex and a blunted cough reflex sensitivity were associated with 90‐day mortality.ConclusionsHypoalbuminemia, atrial fibrillation, deteriorated latency of swallowing reflex and blunted cough reflex sensitivity values were better predictors of 90‐day mortality than traditional scores in older individuals with healthcare‐associated pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1036–1043..
Understanding Felt Accountability
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , Overman Sjors , Fawcett Paul , Flinders Matthew , Fredriksson Magnus , Laegreid Per , Maggetti Martino , Papadopoulos Yannis , Rubecksen Kristin , Rykkja Lise Hellebø , Salomonsen Heidi Houlberg , Smullen Amanda , Wood Matt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe literature on autonomous public agencies often adopts a top‐down approach, focusing on the means with which those agencies can be steered and controlled. This article opens up the black box of the agencies and zooms in on their CEO's and their perceptions of hierarchical accountability. The article focuses on felt accountability, denoting the manager's (a) expectation to have to explain substantive decisions to a parent department perceived to be (b) legitimate and (c) to have the expertise to evaluate those decisions. We explore felt accountability of agency‐CEO's and its institutional antecedents with a survey in seven countries combining insights from public administration and psychology. Our bottom‐up perspective reveals close connections between de facto control practices rather than formal institutional characteristics and felt accountability of CEO's of agencies. We contend that felt accountability is a crucial cog aligning accountability holders' expectations and behaviors by CEO's.
Relationship of D‐dimer with severity and mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients : A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nugroho Johanes , Wardhana Ardyan , Maghfirah Irma , Mulia Eka Prasetya Budi , Rachmi Dita Aulia , A'yun Maya Qurota , Septianda Imanita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused a pandemic. Many studies have shown that several laboratory parameters are related to disease severity and mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the relationship of a prognostic factor, D‐dimer, with disease severity, need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, and mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients.MethodsA systematic search for all observational studies and trials involving adult patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 that had any data related to D‐dimer on admission was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, and MedRxiv databases. We performed random‐effects inverse‐variance weighting analysis using mean difference (MD) of D‐dimer values for outcomes such as disease severity, mortality, and need for ICU care.ResultsA total of 29 studies (4,328 patients) were included in this meta‐analysis, which revealed a higher mean of D‐dimer levels on admission in severe patients than in nonsevere patients (MD = 0.95, [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61‐1.28], P < .05; I2 = 90%). The nonsurvivor group had a higher pooled MD of D‐dimer values on admission (MD = 5.54 [95% CI: 3.40‐7.67], P < .05; I2 = 90%). Patients who needed ICU admission had insignificantly higher D‐dimer values than patients who did not need ICU admission (MD = 0.29, [95% CI: −0.05 to 0.63], P = .10; I2 = 71%).ConclusionElevated D‐dimer levels on admission were associated with an increased risk of disease severity and mortality in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Outcomes of partial intussusception and endo‐to‐side vasoepididymostomy in men with epididymal obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Shiraishi Koji , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesVasoepididymostomy is an ideal surgical approach for epididymal obstructive azoospermia. The aim of the present study was to compare reproductive outcomes of vasoepididymostomy with several anastomotic techniques, including end‐to‐side and longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy, and partial intussusception and endo‐to‐side vasoepididymostomy.MethodsA case–control study including 110 infertile men with epididymal obstructive azoospermia with mean age of 35 years was carried out. Univariate and multivariate analyses using clinical factors were carried out to predict patency and non‐assisted reproductive technology pregnancy. Johnsen score count and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression were used as surrogates for spermatogenic function. Operative time, number of 10‐0 sutures and late failure rates were also compared.ResultsThe overall patency and non‐assisted reproductive technology pregnancy rates were 70% and 32%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that the presence of motile sperm in the epididymis and a higher spermatogenic function (P < 0.05) were independent predictors for patency, and that a higher spermatogenic function and anastomosis at the caput/corpus (P < 0.001) were predictors for non‐assisted reproductive technology pregnancy. The operative time was significantly shorter with partial intussusception and endo‐to‐side than with the other techniques (P < 0.001), and the number of 10‐0 sutures was significantly less with partial intussusception and endo‐to‐side than with longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPartial intussusception and endo‐to‐side as well as end‐to‐side and longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy are feasible vasoepididymostomy techniques for epididymal obstruction. Spermatogenic function plays important roles in patency and non‐assisted reproductive technology pregnancy after vasoepididymostomy. Depending on the surgeon’s expertise, partial intussusception and endo‐to‐side provides similar functional outcomes to those of more established vasoepididymostomy techniques, such as end‐to‐side and longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy, and it could therefore be considered an effective technique for seminal reconstruction in patients with epididymal obstructive azoospermia.
Vagal‐α7nAChR signaling attenuates allergic asthma responses and facilitates asthma tolerance by regulating inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Feng Xintong , Li Ling , Feng Jingjing , He Wei , Li Na , Shi Tianyun , Jie Zhijun , Su Xiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisorders of immune tolerance may lead to allergic asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) are key players in asthma. The vagus nerve innervating the airways releases acetylcholine or neuropeptides (i.e. calcitonin gene‐related peptide) via pulmonary C‐fibers (PCFs), which could regulate ILC2 activity upon binding the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR, coded by Chrna7) or neuropeptide receptors. Whether and how α7nAChR and PCFs regulate asthma and the formation of asthma tolerance via ILC2s or iILC2s are poorly understood. We used vagotomized, PCF degeneration and Chrna7 knockout mice to investigate ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthma and oral OVA feeding‐induced asthma tolerance. Our results revealed that vagotomy could generally suppress lung ILC2s and iILC2s, which mitigated allergic asthma responses but disrupted asthmatic tolerance. Removal of neuropeptides by PCF degeneration also reduced lung ILC2s and iILC2s, attenuating asthma responses, but did not affect asthma tolerance. In comparison, deletion of Chrna7 increased resident ILC2s and trafficking iILC2s in the lung, worsened allergic inflammation and disrupted oral tolerance. Mechanistically, deletion of Chrna7 in asthma‐tolerant conditions upregulated T helper 2 cytokine‐ (Il4, Il13 and Il25) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P)‐related genes (S1pr1 and Sphk1). Blockade of S1P reduced iILC2 recruitment into asthmatic lungs. Our work is the first to demonstrate that vagal‐α7nAChR signaling engaging with iILC2s and S1P not only alleviates asthma but also facilitates asthma tolerance. These findings may provide a novel therapeutic target for attenuating asthma by enhancing asthmatic tolerance.
Health‐seeking behaviors of patients with acute respiratory infections during the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yang Juan , Gong Hui , Chen Xinhua , Chen Zhiyuan , Deng Xiaowei , Qian Mengcen , Hou Zhiyuan , Ajelli Marco , Viboud Cecile , Yu Hongjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe conducted two surveys to evaluate the health‐seeking behaviors of individuals with acute respiratory infections (ARI) during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. Among 351 participants reporting ARI (10.3%, 351/3,411), 36.5% sought medical assistance. Children were more likely to seek medical assistance than other age‐groups (66.1% vs. 28.0%‐35.1%). This population‐based study demonstrates that the majority of patients with ARI symptoms did not seek medical assistance during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Wuhan. These findings may be used to refine the estimates of disease burden and clinical severity of COVID‐19 and to plan for health resources allocation.
Latitudinal patterns of alien plant invasions
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Cade Brian S. , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , van Kleunen Mark , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Pyšek Petr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLatitudinal patterns of biodiversity have long been a central topic in ecology and evolutionary biology. However, while most previous studies have focused on native species, little effort has been devoted to latitudinal patterns of plant invasions (with a few exceptions based on data from sparse locations). Using the most up‐to‐date worldwide native and alien plant distribution data from 801 regions (including islands), we compared invasion levels (i.e. alien richness/total richness) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and across continental regions and islands around the globe. Results from quantile regressions using B‐splines to model nonlinearity showed (1) declining richness with increasing latitude, although the highest alien richness occurs at around 40 degrees in both hemispheres, (2) decreasing invasion levels towards higher latitudes on islands but a unimodal pattern in invasion level in continental regions in each hemisphere, (3) significantly higher invasion levels on islands than in continental regions and (4) a greater variability in invasion levels on islands at low latitudes than on high‐latitude islands. In continental regions, only the mid‐latitudes had high variability with both low and high invasion levels. Our findings identified latitudes with invasion hotspots where management is urgently needed, and latitudes with many areas of low invasions but high conservation potential where prevention of future invasions should be the priority.
Who Gives Birth (First) in Female Same‐Sex Couples in Sweden?
Authors: Boye Katarina , Evertsson Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze factors predicting (a) the transition to parenthood for female same‐sex couples in Sweden and (b) which partner is the birth mother for the first and (any) second child.BackgroundLongitudinal studies in which couples become parents are rare for same‐sex couples in any context, even though these families are increasing. Childbearing in lesbian couples is an interesting case for testing theories linked to family utility maximization and household bargaining, as these couples can often choose who will carry a child.MethodDiscrete‐time event history and linear probability models are estimated on Swedish population register data (1995–2016) to analyze couples' transitions to first and second birth and the choice of birth mother.ResultsThe higher the household income and partners' educational levels, the more likely couples are to become parents. However, within‐couple income gaps are small, and income and education are unrelated to the choice of first‐birth mother. Couples are more likely to have a second child and to switch birth mothers if both are highly educated or the first social mother is highly educated.ConclusionFactors predicting which couples become parents are similar in same‐sex and different‐sex couples. In same‐sex couples, short‐term within‐couple specialization is of little relevance for who becomes the birth mother. Analyses of the transition to a second birth suggest that long‐term planning matters for who becomes the first‐ and second‐birth mother.
Impact of clear aligner therapy on tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness
Authors: Tran Johnny , Lou Tiantong , Nebiolo Bianca , Castroflorio Tommaso , Tassi Ali , Cioffi Iacopo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical findings suggest that orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (clear aligner therapy/CAT) may cause masticatory muscle soreness in some patients.ObjectiveThis multi‐site prospective study investigated tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness and tenderness in patients undergoing CAT and explored whether psychological traits affected these outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐seven adults (22F, 5M; mean age ± SD=35.3 ± 17.6 years) about to start CAT were recruited at three clinics. During CAT, they reported on 100‐mm visual analogue scales their tooth pain, masticatory muscle soreness and stress three times per day over 4 weeks (week 1 = baseline; week 2 = dummy aligner; week 3 = first active aligner; week 4 = second active aligner). Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured at the masseter and temporalis at baseline and after week 4. Mixed models were used to evaluate the outcome measures over time.ResultsClear aligner therapy caused mild tooth pain, which was greater with the passive than the first and second active aligners (both P < .001). Mild and clinically not relevant masticatory muscle soreness was produced by all aligners (all P < .05), with the first active aligner producing less soreness than the dummy aligner (P < .001). PPTs did not change significantly after 4 weeks. Both tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness were affected by stress and trait anxiety, whilst muscle soreness was affected also by oral behaviours.ConclusionsIn the short term, CAT produces tooth pain and masticatory muscle soreness of limited significance. Frequent oral behaviours are related to increased masticatory muscle soreness during CAT. The medium‐ and long‐term effects of CAT should be further explored.
Fatty acid profiles of crop contents of free‐living psittacine nestlings and of commercial hand‐feeding formulas
Authors: Cornejo Juan , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Renton Katherine , Brightsmith Donald J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch on psittacine nutrition is limited, and nestling requirements are poorly understood. This study analysed fatty acid (FA) profiles of crop contents of free‐living scarlet macaws (Ara macao, n = 18), red‐and‐green macaws (Ara chloropterus, n = 5), Cuban parrots (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis, n = 27), lilac‐crowned Amazons (Amazona finschi, n = 33) and thick‐billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, n = 32). The same analysis was carried out on 15 commercial parrot hand‐feeding formulas. The mean FA concentration of the crop samples of each species ranged from 15% to 53% DM for crop samples and ranged from 6% to 22% for hand‐feeding formulas. Long‐chain FA represented over 92% of all FA in the crop samples and over 81% of all FA in the commercial formulas. Parrot species shared similarities in saturation profiles of crop samples, ranging between 13%–29% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12%–40% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 39%–58% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). All studied psittacines, except for the red‐and‐green macaw, were within the range of values for hand‐rearing formulas. Palmitic acid was the most common SFA in scarlet macaws, red‐and‐green macaws, Cuban parrot, thick‐billed parrot and in all but one commercial formula. Palmitic and stearic acids dominated the SFA in the samples of the Lilac‐crowned Amazon. Oleic acid was the most common MUFA in all hand‐feeding formulas as well as in the crop samples, except for the lilac‐crowned amazon and the thick‐billed parrot where vaccenic acid dominated. Linoleic acid was by far the most common PUFA found in the crop samples as well as in the hand‐feeding formulas. PUFA were largely dominated by the n6 family, both in the crop samples and the formulas. The data presented on nestling diets of free‐living parrot species provide a foundation for future researchers to test whether increasing FA concentration in hand‐feeding formulas improves nestling development or if species‐specific formulas will be advantageous.