bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of thermoregulation and metabolic characteristics in Phrynocephalus vlangalii (Lacertilia, Agamidae) from different altitudes
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Wang Huihui , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Exploring thermoregulation and metabolic characteristics responses to high altitudes is important for understanding ectothermic animal high-altitude adaptation mechanisms. However, how could these species compensate for adverse environmental impacts are controversial and poorly understood. In the present study, the selected body temperature, mitochondrial consumption, proton leak and enzyme activity of a lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii from different altitudes (Maduo and Golmud, with altitude at 4270 and 2750 m, respectively) were analyzed to investigate the thermoregulatory and metabolic regulation strategies of this native high-altitude lizard at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results:The results indicated that the Maduo population had a faster heating rate and selected significantly lower body temperatures than those of the Golmud population. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in both the liver and skeletal muscle of the Maduo population were significantly lower than those of the Golmud population, but the thermal sensitivity of skeletal muscle mitochondrial in Maduo population was significantly lower than that in Golmud population. The proton leak of liver mitochondria in the Maduo population account for a lower percentage of state III than that of the Golmud population (11.4~14.6% VS. 22.5~25.1%), which indicate a higher ATP production in liver mitochondria. The results of three enzyme activities reflect significant both tissue- and population specificity. Especially, a low ratio of LDH/CS and HOAD/CS in the liver of the Maduo population indicating that metabolism of the liver mainly depended on aerobic metabolism and especially the use of carbohydrate as a metabolic substrate in Maduo population.Conclusions: These distinct variable characteristics between two populations of P. vlangalii could be considered important strategies in thermoregulation and metabolic regulation for living at different altitudes and could be especially necessary for lizards to effectively compensate for the negative influence of cold and hypoxia at high altitude.
Dual-Task Training with Cisual Stimulation Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Wave Ratio of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parvin Elnaz , Mohamadian Fatemeh , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , bayati mahdi , Tazesh Behnaz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week period dual-task training on cognitive status, physical performance and brain waves of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Twenty-six AD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG executed progressive combined exercises with visual stimulation twice a week for 12 weeks. Training included muscle endurance, balance, flexibility and aerobic exercises with eyes closed and opened. Brain waves on EEG and a series of physical, cognitive and mental tests were taken prior and post intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement after training protocol in cognitive function, particularly in short-term memory, attention, working memory and executive function (p<0.01). In addition, there were substantial improvements in depression status (GDS scale), aerobic fitness (6 min walking), flexibility (chair sit and reach) functional ability (chair stand, timed up and go test), strength (knee extensions, preacher biceps curl, handgrip) in TG compare to CG. These progresses was associated with significantly increase (p<0.05) in the frequency of brain waves and decreased in the theta/alpha ratio. Conclusions: In addition to physical performance, the regular combined training with visual stimulation improve brain health as indicated by improving cognitive function and reducing the theta/alpha ratio. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20190504043468N1.
Exercise for Cognitive Improvement and Rehabilitation (EXCIR) Improves Attention and Executive Functions in Children with ADHD
Authors: Nejati Vahid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical activities improves cognitive functioning. The purpose of the present study is to effect of physical activity with progressive cognitive demands on attention and executive functions in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty children with ADHD were randomly assigned into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of exercise for cognitive improvement and rehabilitation (EXCIR). Working memory, selective attention, sustained attention, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility were administered pre- and post-intervention through 1-back test, Stroop test, attention registration test, go no go test and trial making test in order. The repeated measure ANOVAs were used for analysis.Results: The results showed that experimental group has a greater performance in selective attention, sustained attention, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility compared to control group. Conclusions: These findings implicate that the cognitive rehabilitation program is advantageous for improvement of attention and executive functions in children with ADHD.
Retrospective Study on Effectiveness of Activ L Total Disc Replacement
Authors: Sun Wenzhi , Wang Peng , Hu Hailiang , Kong Chao , Hai Yong , Lu Shibao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) with different prostheses for sagittal alignment has been reported previously. However, there are only few reports on Activ L TDR and no specific evidence regarding whether sagittal alignment affects the clinical outcomes.Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent mono- or bi-segmental lumbar TDR with ActivL were studied. The films of upright anteroposterior and lateral spine in neutral, flexion, and extension positions were obtained before surgery and at 1 month, 1 and 3 years after surgery. The radiographic parameters such as lumbar lordosis (LL), index level lordosis (IL), segmental lordosis (SL) and sacral tilt (ST) were measured based on the lateral upright radiographs. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) pre- and post-operatively. Results: 87 patients with complete radiographic data were available for a 3-year follow-up period. Of these, 66 received a single-level TDR, and 21 received 2-level TDR. At 1 month, the mean LL was similar to the pre-operative data, and then was significantly increased to 45.1° at 3 years. On an average, the IL tended to significantly increase, while the mean SL at L4-5 was increased from 16.5° pre-operatively to 21.0° at 3 years. The mean SL at L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, and L5-S1 and the ST showed no obvious difference after 3 years. In contrast, VAS and ODI scores showed significant improvement after surgery. Conclusions: Activ L TDR showed favorable affect on sagittal alignment, enhancing the IL while preserving the LL and ST. However, satisfactory clinical results for over a 3-year follow-up were not affected by sagittal alignment.
Phase I Trial of Dose-Escalated Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Boost for Unfavorable Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Vempati Prashant , Halthore Aditya N. , Teckie Sewit , Rana Zaker , Gogineni Emile , Antone Jeffrey , Zhang Honglai , Marrero Mihaela , Beadle Kristin , Frank Douglas K. , Aziz Mohamed , Paul Doru , Ghaly Maged M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Patients with locally advanced oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma have suboptimal outcomes with standard chemoradiation. Here, we evaluated toxicity and oncologic outcomes of dose escalation using radiosurgical boost for patients with unfavorable oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between 2010-2017, Thirty four patients with intermediate- or high-risk oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled onto this prospective phase I trial. Each patient received concurrent cisplatin and fractionated radiotherapy totaling 60 Gy or 66 Gy followed by radiosurgery boost to areas of residual gross tumor: single fraction of 8 Gy or 10 Gy, or two fractions of 5 Gy each. Primary endpoint was treatment toxicity. Secondary endpoints were local, regional, and distant disease control.Results: Eleven, sixteen and seven patients received radiosurgery boost with 8 Gy in 1 fraction, 10 Gy in 1 fraction, and 10 Gy in 2 fractions respectively. Acute toxicities include 4 patients with tumor necrosis causing grade 3 dysphagia, of which 3 developed grade 4 pharyngeal hemorrhage requiring surgical intervention. At 24 months after treatment, 7%, 9%, and 15% had grade 2 dysgeusia, xerostomia, and dysphagia, respectively, and two patients remained feeding tube dependent. No grade 5 toxicities occurred secondary to treatment. Local, regional, and distant control at a median follow up of 4.2 years were 85.3%, 85.3% and 88.2%, respectively. Five patients died resulting in overall survival of 85.3%. Conclusions: This study is the first to report the use of radiosurgery boost dose escalation in patients with unfavorable oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Longer follow-up, larger cohorts, and further refinement of boost methodology are needed prior to implementation in routine clinical practice.Trial Registration: Northwell Health Protocol #09-309A (NCT02703493) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02703493)
Constraints on deep, CO2-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa
Authors: Mangan Margaret T. , Sisson Thomas W. , Hankins W. Ben , Shimizu Nobumichi , Vennemann Torsten 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The solubility of CO2 in hydrous basaltic andesite was examined in fO2-controlled experiments at a temperature of 1125 °C and pressures between 310–1200 MPa. Concentrations of dissolved H2O and CO2 in experimental glasses were determined by ion microprobe calibrated on a subset of run glasses analyzed by high-temperature vacuum manometry. Assuming that the solubility of H2O in mafic melt is relatively well known, estimates of XH2Ofluid and PH2Ofluid in the saturating fluid were modeled, and by difference, values for XCO2fluid and PCO2fluid were obtained (XCO2 ~0.5–0.9); fCO2 could be then calculated from the fluid composition, temperature, and pressure.
Dissolved H2O over a range of 2.3–5.5 wt% had no unequivocal influence on the dissolution of CO2 at the pressures and fluid compositions examined. For these H2O concentrations, dissolved CO2 increases with fCO2 following an empirical power-law relation: dissolved CO2 (ppmw) = 14.9−3.5+4.5[fCO2 (MPa)]0.7±0.03. The highest-pressure results plot farthest from this equation but are within its 1 standard-error uncertainty envelope.
We compare our experimental data with three recent CO2-H2O solubility models: Papale et al. (2006); Iacono-Marziano et al. (2012); and Ghiorso and Gualda (2015). The Papale et al. (2006) and Iacono-Marizano et al. (2012) models give similar results, both over-predicting the solubility of CO2 in a melt of the Pavlof basaltic andesite composition across the fCO2 range, whereas the Ghiorso and Gualda (2015) model under-predicts CO2 solubility. All three solubility models would indicate a strong enhancement of CO2 solubility with increasing dissolved H2O not apparent in our results. We also examine our results in the context of previous high-pressure CO2 solubility experiments on basaltic melts. Dissolved CO2 correlates positively with mole fraction (Na+K+Ca)/Al across a compositional spectrum of trachybasalt-alkali basalt-tholeiite-icelandite-basaltic andesite. Shortcomings of current solubility models for a widespread arc magma type indicate that our understanding of degassing in the deep crust and uppermost mantle remains semi-quantitative. Experimental studies systematically varying concentrations of melt components (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al, Si) may be necessary to identify solubility reactions, quantify their equilibrium constants, and thereby build an accurate and generally applicable solubility model.
An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part IV: Planetesimal differentiation and impact mineralization (4566 to 4560 Ma)
Authors: Morrison Shaunna M. , Hazen Robert M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fourth installment of the evolutionary system of mineralogy considers two stages of planetesimal mineralogy that occurred early in the history of the solar nebula, commencing by 4.566 Ga and lasting for at least 5 million years: (1) primary igneous minerals derived from planetesimal melting and differentiation into core, mantle, and basaltic components and (2) impact mineralization resulting in shock-induced deformation, brecciation, melting, and high-pressure phase transformations.We tabulate 90 igneous differentiated asteroidal minerals, including the earliest known occurrences of minerals with Ba, Cl, Cu, F, and V as essential elements, as well as the first appearances of numerous phosphates, quartz, zircon, and amphibole group minerals. We also record 40 minerals formed through high-pressure impact alteration, commencing with the period of asteroid accretion and differentiation. These stages of mineral evolution thus mark the first time that high pressures, both static and dynamic, played a significant role in mineral paragenesis.
Incorporation mechanism of tungsten in W-Fe-Cr-V-bearing rutile
Authors: Majzlan Juraj , Bolanz Ralph , Göttlicher Jörg , Mikuš Tomáš , Milovská Stanislava , Čaplovičová Mária , Števko Martin , Rössler Christiane , Matthes Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rutile is a common mineral in many types of ore deposits and can carry chemical or isotopic information about the ore formation. For closer understanding of this information, the mechanisms of incorporation of minor elements should be known. In this work, we have investigated natural rutile crystals with elevated concentrations of WO3 (up to 17.7 wt%), Cr2O3,tot (7.5), V2O3,tot (4.1), FeOtot (7.3), and other metals. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of rutile at the Fe K, Cr K, V K, and W L1 and L3 edges shows that all cations are coordinated octahedrally. The average oxidation state of V is +3.8, and that of Cr is near +4. Shell-by-shell fitting of the W L3 EXAFS data shows that W resides in the rutile structure. Raman spectroscopy excludes the possibility of hydrogen as a charge-compensating species. High-resolution TEM and electron diffraction confirm this conclusion as the entire inspected area consists of rutile single crystal with variable amounts of metals other than Ti. Our results show that rutile or its precursors can be efficient vehicles for tungsten in sedimentary rocks, leading to their enrichment in W and possibly later fertility with respect to igneous ore deposits. Leucoxene, a nanocrystalline mixture of Ti and Fe oxides, is an especially suitable candidate for such a vehicle.
Anti-proliferative and Apoptosis Induction Activity of Rhizome Extracts of Paris polyphylla Smith on Oral Cancer Cell
Authors: Puwein Arcadius , Thomas Shiny C. , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Bordoloi Devivasha 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Paris polyphylla is a member of the family of Melanthiaceae (earlier Trilliaceae
or Liliaceae). It is known as love apple in English. This traditional herbaceous medicinal
plant is found mostly in South East Asia.

Objective:
To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction activity of crude extracts of
P. polyphylla on SAS oral cancer cell lines.

Methods:
The crude extracts (CE) of P. polyphylla (PP) collected from Rambrai (R), Meghalaya
(Northeast India) were prepared by using 70% ethanol (E) and 70% methanol (M) solvents and
named as PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE. The anti-proliferative effects of PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE
were tested using the MTT assay. The apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI doublestaining
assay.

Results:
PPR-ECE significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased the proliferation of SAS cells up to 3.12%
with an IC50 value of 25.84 μg/ml. Whereas, PPR-MCE decreased the survival rate of SAS cells up
to 24.67% (p≤ 0.05) with an IC50 value of 425 μg/ml. PPR-ECE demonstrated higher cytotoxicity
than PPR-MCE against SAS cells. When SAS cells were treated with PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE for
72 h, the apoptotic cells increased from 0.1% (control) to 28.35% and 34% at 500μg/ml respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed that P. polyphylla collected from Meghalaya has an
anti-proliferative capacity to inhibit the multiplication of the SAS cells. In comparison to PPRMCE
extract, PPR-ECE was found to be more effective against SAS proliferation. Though the anticancer
property of the herb is well documented, this investigation is the first report on the effects of
P. polyphylla extracts against SAS oral cancer cells.
Pathway of Inflammation due to Asbestiform Fiber “Fluoro-edenite” Exposure: An Update
Authors: Ledda Caterina , Lombardo Claudia , Tendi Elisabetta A. , Hagnas Maria , Paravizzini Gianluca , Filetti Vera , Rapisarda Venerando 
Published: August 2020

:
FluorFluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestos-like amphibole present in the bentonitic lavas extracted
from a stone quarry in Biancavilla, a village sited in the Etnean Volcanic Area (Italy).o-edenite (FE) is an asbestos-like amphibole present in the bentonitic lavas extracted from a stone quarry in Biancavilla, a village sited in the Etnean Volcanic Area (Italy).

:
Thoracic pathologies are the results of excessive inflammatory processes that are the early response
of the immune system to inhaled fibers. As demonstrated for asbestos, fibers may trigger immune
system cells in an acute and/or chronic manner. This review aims to clarify the pathways of
inflammation in workers exposed to FE fibers.

:
Based on the articles reviewed, it seems that a permanent stimulus created by repeatedly inhaling
the FE fibers and their persistence in the body can act as a trigger both in promoting inflammatory
processes and in the immunological induction of autoimmune disease.
Evaluation of Drug Use Based on the WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South Western Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hambisa Solomon , Feleke Rediet , Zewudie Ameha , Yimam Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing, and patient
use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practices
based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching
hospital.

Methods:
An institutional-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the
prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on the
World health organization's drug use indicators using prescription papers. A total of 600 prescriptions,
written for a 1-year time, dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital
were collected by a systematic random sampling method from Mizan-Tepi University teaching
hospital.

Results:
The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87
in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital, with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic
name was 97.6%, and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions
contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital.
From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from the Ethiopian essential drug list.

Conclusion:
: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the
percentage of generic prescribing, and prescribing from the EDL were close to the optimal value.
However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed was found to be
very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing
on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.
Combination of Captopril with Gliclazide Decreases Vascular and Renal Complications and Improves Glycemic Control in Rats with Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mizar Sayed M.M. , Kozman Magy R. , Abo-Saif Ali A. , Messiha Basim A.S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The common antihypertensive angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
captopril was reported to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different experimental
models. Diabetic vascular complications arise from increased vascular endothelial inflammation
and oxidative stress as well as decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vessel walls
due to poor glycemic control.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the role of captopril and gliclazide in decreasing diabetes
mellitus (DM) vascular complications caused by decreased cellular glucose uptake and impaired endothelial
nitric oxide metabolism, as well as examine the effects of the combination on diabetic renal
complication and plasma lipid profile.

Methods:
Adult male Wister rats received captopril (25 mg/kg/day) and/or gliclazide (10 mg/kg/-
day) by oral gavage daily for one month after induction of DM using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg,
i.p., once). Serum glucose and insulin levels, inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, oxidative stress
biomarkers like glutathione and nitric oxide, and plasma lipid profile were measured. Besides, histopathological
examination of the thoracic aorta and kidney tissues, Western blot assessed the expression
of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) subtypes in the thoracic aorta.

Results:
Captopril significantly improved vascular architecture and oxidative stress and modulated
nitric oxide synthesis via regulation of nitric oxide synthases, as well as decreased inflammation
via down-regulating TNF-α, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and improved serum
lipid profile in diabetic rats. Gliclazide increased serum insulin and decreased serum glucose, as
well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:
Captopril showed a promising protective effect against DM vascular complications, at
least via nitric oxide modulating effect, anti-oxidant effect, and anti-inflammatory activity that appeared
in biochemical and histopathological findings, lipid profile, renal function, and architecture
improvements. Combining gliclazide with captopril gives an additive effect through enhanced
glycemic control and increased anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties above captopril
alone.
A Reliable PSO-based ANN Approach for Predicting Unconfined Compressive Strength of Sandstones
Authors: Abdi Yasin , Momeni Ehsan , Khabir Reza Rashidi 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The reliable determination of geomechanical parameters of rocks such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) using laboratory methods is problematic and time-consuming. In this regard, the construction of reliable predictive models for assessing the UCS is of advantage.

Objective:
The main purpose of this work is to propose the use of a reliable PSO-based ANN approach for predicting the UCS of sandstones.

Methods:
For this purpose, laboratory tests were performed on 60 sandstone specimens. The laboratory tests comprise P-wave velocity, dry density, Schmidt hardness and UCS. Apart from the latter, the other laboratory tests were set as model inputs. Prediction performance of the constructed model was assessed according to the criteria including coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Variance Account For (VAF).

Results:
Results (R2= 0.974 and RMSE = 0.086 and VAF = 97.5) showed the reliability of the constructed PSO-based ANN model to predict UCS of sandstones.

Conclusion:
Hence, this study recommends utilizing PSO-based ANN as a feasible tool for assessing UCS of sandstones. Nevertheless, further research is suggested for model generalization purposes.