bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation of Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Dutasteride
Authors: Subramanian Poonguzhali , Rajnikanth P. S. , Kumar Manish , Chidambram Kumarappan 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
A novel, Supersaturable Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SNEDDS)
has been prepared to improve the Dutasteride's poor aqueous solubility.

Methods:
By adding Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a precipitation inhibitor to conventional
SNEDDS, a supersaturable system was prepared. Firstly, the prepared SNEDDS played an important
role in increasing the aqueous solubility and hence oral absorption due to nano-range size. Secondly,
the S-SNEDDS found to be advantageous over SNEDDS for having a higher drug load and inhibition
of dilution precipitation of Dutasteride. Formulated S-SNEDDS (F1-F9) ranged from 37.42 ±
1.02 to 68.92 ± 0.09 nm with PDI 0.219-0.34 and drug loading of over 95 percent.

Results:
The study of in-vitro dissolution revealed higher dissolution for S-SNEDDS compared to
SNEDDS and Avodart soft gelatin capsule as a commercial product. In addition, higher absorption was
observed for S-SNEDDS showing approximately 1.28 and 1.27 fold AUC (0-24h) and Cmax compared to
commercial products. Therefore, S-SNEDDS has proven as a novel drug delivery system with a higher
drug load, higher self-emulsification efficiency, higher stability, higher dissolution and pronounced
absorption.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, S-SNEDDS could be a new emerging approach to enhance aqueous solubility in many folds for drugs belonging to BCS Class II and IV and thus absorption and oral bioavailability.
In Silico Insights on GD2 : A Potential Target for Pediatric Neuroblastoma
Authors: Limaye Akanksha , Sweta Jajoriya , Madhavi Maddala , Mudgal Urvy , Mukherjee Sourav , Sharma Shreshtha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: November 2019

Background:Originating from the abnormal growth of neuroblasts, pediatric neuroblastoma affects the age group below 15 years. It is an aggressive heterogenous cancer with a high morbidity rate. Biological marker GD2 synthesised by the GD2 gene acts as a powerful predictor of neuroblastoma cells. GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. Differential expression during brain development governs the function of the GD2. The present study explains the interaction of the GD2 with its established inhibitors and discovers the compound having a high binding affinity against the target protein. Technically, during the development of new compounds through docking studies, the best drug among all pre-exist inhibitors was filtered. Hence in reference to the best docked compound, the study proceeded further.Methodology:The In silico approach provides a platform to determine and establish potential inhibitor against GD2 in Pediatric neuroblastoma. The 3D structure of GD2 protein was modelled by homology base fold methods using Smith-Watermans’ Local alignment. A total of 18 established potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking and Etoposide (CID: 36462) manifested the highest affinity. The similarity search presented 336 compounds similar to Etoposide.Results:Through virtual screening, the compound having PubChem ID 10254934 showed a better affinity towards GD2 than the established inhibitor. The comparative profiling of the two compounds based on various interactions such as H-bond interaction, aromatic interactions, electrostatic interactions and ADMET profiling and toxicity studies were performed using various computational tools.Conclusion:The docking separated the virtual screened drug (PubChemID: 10254934) from the established inhibitor with a better re-rank score of -136.33. The toxicity profile of the virtual screened drug was also lesser (less lethal) than the established drug. The virtual screened drug was observed to be bioavailable as it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Conclusively, the virtual screened compound obtained in the present investigation is better than the established inhibitor and can be further augmented by In vitro analysis, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies.
Feasibility of Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: From Concept to Clinical Trials
Authors: Tarasov Vadim V. , Svistunov Andrey A. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Zatsepilova Tamara A. , Preferanskaya Nina G. , Stepanova Olga I. , Sokolov Alexander V. , Dostdar Samira A. , Minyaeva Nina N. , Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: November 2019

Objective:Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and invasive brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor. Current treatment options do not prolong overall survival significantly because the disease is highly prone to relapse. Therefore, research to find new therapies is of paramount importance. It has been discovered that glioblastomas contain a population of cells with stem-like properties and that these cells are may be responsible for tumor recurrence.Methods:A review of relevant papers and clinical trials in the field was conducted. A PubMed search with related keywords was used to gather the data. For example, “glioblastoma stem cells AND WNT signaling” is an example used to find information on clinical trials using the database ClinicalTrials.gov.Results:Cancer stem cell research has several fundamental issues and uncertainties that should be taken into consideration. Theoretically, a number of treatment options that target glioblastoma stem cells are available for patients. However, only a few of them have obtained promising results in clinical trials. Several strategies are still under investigation.Conclusion:The majority of treatments to target cancer stem cells have failed during clinical trials. Taking into account a number of biases in the field and the number of unsuccessful investigations, the application of the cancer stem cells concept is questionable in clinical settings, at least with respect to glioblastoma.
TRPV1 Activation Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Increase in Salt Sensitivity by Suppressing Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity
Authors: Yu Shuang-Quan , Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Salt sensitivity is increased following renal Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R)
injury. We tested the hypothesis that high salt intake induced increase in Renal Sympathetic Nerve
Activity (RSNA) after renal I/R can be prevented by activation of Transient Receptor Potential
Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1).

Methods:
Rats were fed a 0.4% NaCl diet for 5 weeks after renal I/R, followed by a 4% NaCl diet
for 4 more weeks in four groups: sham, I/R, I/R +High Dose Capsaicin (HDC), and I/R+Low Dose
Capsaicin (LDC). The low (1mg/kg) or high (100mg/kg) dose of capsaicin was injected subcutaneously
before I/R to activate or desensitize TRPV1, respectively.

Results:
Systolic blood pressure was gradually elevated after fed on a high-salt diet in the I/R and
I/R+HDC groups but not in the I/R+LDC group, with a greater increase in the I/R+HDC group.
Renal function was impaired in the I/R group and was further deteriorated in the I/R+HDC group
but was unchanged in the I/R+LDC group. At the end of high salt treatment, afferent renal nerve
activity in response to unilateral intra-pelvic administration of capsaicin was decreased in the I/R
group and was further suppressed in the I/R+HDC group but was unchanged in the I/R+LDC group.
RSNA in response to intrathecal administration of muscimol, a selective agonist of GABA-A receptors,
was augmented in the I/R group and further intensified in the I/R+HDC group but was unchanged
in the I/R+LDC group. Similarly, urinary norepinephrine levels were increased in the I/R
group and were further elevated in the I/R+HDC group but unchanged in the I/R+LDC group.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that TRPV1 activation prevents renal I/R injury-induced increase
in salt sensitivity by suppressing RSNA.
Prevalence and Resistance Profiles of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcal Isolates in Iran; An Eight-month Report from Nine Major Cities
Authors: Armin Shahnaz , Zahedani Shahram Shahraki , Rahbar Mohammad , Azimi Leila 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Enterococcal infections comprise a wide range of diseases with increasing
importance due to the growing frequency of health-care-associated infections and the increasing
incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an emerging
drug-resistant organism responsible for increasing numbers of nosocomial infections in both
adults and children. Few data are available on the epidemiology and impact of VRE infections in
Iranians. In the present study, attempts were made to evaluate the prevalence and molecular characterization
of VRE isolates from patients referred to several hospitals in Iran.

Materials and Methods:
Eight hundred and fourteen enterococcal clinical isolates from different
patients were selected for this cross-sectional study during June 2018 and February 2019. Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing was performed by standard methods according to the Clinical Laboratories
Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The vanA and vanB genes in VRE isolates were
amplified by PCR.

Results:
Our findings indicated that 20.7% of the isolates were collected from hospitalized patients
in the ICU. Among all the isolates, 254 (30%) were identified as VRE strains. All of the
VRE isolates were sensitive to linezolid. Moreover, only 39.9% of the VRE isolates harbored the
vanA gene, while none of them carried the vanB gene.

Conclusion:
The present study reports the highest range of VRE infections in Iran. The constant
surveillance and monitoring of VRE strains are recommended to limit the occurrence and spread
of VRE clones within and among hospitals and community settings.
Blended Learning Compared to Traditional Learning in Medical Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Blacher Jacques , Cariou Alain , Sorbets Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

Background
Blended learning, which combines face-to-face learning and e-learning, has grown rapidly to be commonly used in education. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this learning approach has not been completely quantitatively synthesized and evaluated using knowledge outcomes in health education.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of blended learning compared to that of traditional learning in health education.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of blended learning in health education in MEDLINE from January 1990 to July 2019. We independently selected studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and compared overall blended learning versus traditional learning, offline blended learning versus traditional learning, online blended learning versus traditional learning, digital blended learning versus traditional learning, computer-aided instruction blended learning versus traditional learning, and virtual patient blended learning versus traditional learning. All pooled analyses were based on random-effect models, and the I2 statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity across studies.

Results
A total of 56 studies (N=9943 participants) assessing several types of learning support in blended learning met our inclusion criteria; 3 studies investigated offline support, 7 studies investigated digital support, 34 studies investigated online support, 8 studies investigated computer-assisted instruction support, and 5 studies used virtual patient support for blended learning. The pooled analysis comparing all blended learning to traditional learning showed significantly better knowledge outcomes for blended learning (standardized mean difference 1.07, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.28, I2=94.3%). Similar results were observed for online (standardized mean difference 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.86, I2=94.9%), computer-assisted instruction (standardized mean difference 1.13, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.79, I2=78.0%), and virtual patient (standardized mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.06, I2=78.4%) learning support, but results for offline learning support (standardized mean difference 0.08, 95% CI –0.63 to 0.79, I2=87.9%) and digital learning support (standardized mean difference 0.04, 95% CI –0.45 to 0.52, I2=93.4%) were not significant.

Conclusions
From this review, blended learning demonstrated consistently better effects on knowledge outcomes when compared with traditional learning in health education. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to explore the utility of different design variants of blended learning.
Clustering topic groups of documents using K-Means algorithm: Australian Embassy Jakarta media releases 2006-2016
Authors: Hardi Wishnu , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta , Basuki Sulistyo 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The Australian Embassy in Jakarta is storing a wide array of media release document. Analyzing particular and vital patterns of the documents collection is imperative as it will result in new insights and knowledge of significant topic groups of the documents.Methodology. K-Means was used algorithm as a non-hierarchical clustering method which partitioning data objects into clusters. The method works through minimizing data variation within cluster and maximizing data variation between clusters. Data Analysis. Of the documents issued between 2006 and 2016, 839 documents were examined in order to determine term frequencies and to generate clusters. Evaluation was conducted by nominating an expert to validate the cluster result.Results and discussions. The result showed that there were 57 meaningful terms grouped into 3 clusters. “People to people links”, “economic cooperation”, and “human development” were chosen to represent topics of the Australian Embassy Jakarta media releases from 2006 to 2016.Conclusions. Text mining can be used to cluster topic groups of documents. It provides a more systematic clustering process as the text analysis is conducted through a number of stages with specifically set parameters.
Cuando los niños se vuelven migrantes: Niñez detenida en México y dislocación del discurso de derechos humanos
Authors: Ortega Velázquez Elisa 
Published: November 2019

Este artículo tiene por objetivo argumentar y fundamentar la dislocación del discurso de derechos humanos respecto a la niñez migrante detenida en México. Para fines de lo anterior, primero estudia teóricamente la dislocación del discurso de derechos humanos para las personas migrantes. Segundo, analiza la construcción del discurso de los derechos humanos de los niños migrantes a través de tres premisas: 1) los niños son sujetos de derecho y requieren que los Estados adopten medidas especiales para su protección debido a su edad; 2) todos los niños, todos los derechos; y 3) la detención de niños sólo puede ser usada como medida de último recurso y absolutamente excepcional. Tercero, aborda la dislocación normativa y práctica del discurso de derechos humanos de los niños migrantes en México. Y, cuarto, propone tres alternativas posibles –en materia legal, práctica y política– para articular el discurso de derechos humanos de los niños migrantes para que pueda ser usado para protegerlos y reivindicar sus derechos.
ANALYZING PODCAST APPLICATION TO IMPROVE LISTENING ABILITY
Authors: Agarid Widi Rafidah , Nurzahra Maulida 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this research is to find out whether Podcast Applications (learning english-free english podcast listening application) that was released by the British Council, will help to improve listening ability. While listening to the episode, on screen will appear script that what student listen. It is make listeners to know what discussed in it. The purpose of the use of this application is that the student can improve listening ability with continuous listening and getting used to being in an English environment.This research is qualitative research with case study method. The research finding showed that podcast application could improve student ability. After heard the podcast, the students could understand, received and respond the speakers of the application. It is indicates that the application is very useful for learning English especially in listening ability with an easier way and in accordance in this era.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GUESSING GAME IN TEACHING SPEAKING AT TENTH GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Nuraen Nuraen , Karyati Karyati 
Published: November 2019

Guessing game becomes an interesting technique which can be implemented by English teachers to teach speaking. Beside rising so much fun, guessing games is believed could increase the students’ speaking skill. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of guessing game which is utilized by the teacher to improve students’ speaking ability at tenth grade of Senior High School. The researchers presented the instruction of how to use guessing games in teaching speaking by teacher in the classroom. Guessing games is a game to guess a thing, person or place, the one of student or group mention the clues and other students as a guesser guess that thing, person or place. Guessing game can help teacher to hire students’ participation and students’ courage in teaching English. The researchers did the observation to collect the data and find out classroom activity. The result of the research is that the teacher implemented the technique in several steps starting from making group, setting the students to discuss, making them present in front of the class by giving clues, and making the other groups guess what the speaker meant. By doing this activity, the students could develop their skill of speaking in fun way. Keywords : Speaking, Guessing Games.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND THEIR LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Yanuarti Hilva , Rosmayanti Dian 
Published: November 2019

Among the factor influencing students learning, motivation becomes one of the momentous factors that may affect students learning achievement. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between students’ motivation and their learning achievement. The subject were 88 second year students at Science major class of an Islamic high school in Cimahi City in the second semester of the Academic year 2018. The research uses quantitative corelation as a method consisting of two variables, namely students motivation (independent) and students achievement (dependent). The writers uses questionnaire as an instrument to collect the data and the student English score from their English teacher. The data analyze use SPSS. Finding from this study indicate that there are any relationship between students motivation and their learning achievement. The relationship between students’ motivation and their English learning achievement was significantly and has Medium Correlation. When the result showing 0.580 appropriate with Pearson Correlation degree Value 0.41 s/d 0.60 = Medium Correlation. Keywords: Relationship, Motivation, Achievement
IMPROVING ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY BY USING CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Authors: Sadiyah Wina Halimatus , Septiani Wina , Kareviati Evie 
Published: November 2019

Vocabulary is important in English language. Because, to make a sentence an adequate vocabulary is needed. So, the researcher apply a method in the classroom which can make students motivated to learn vocabulary. The aim of the research is to know that the crossword puzzle is effective to improve students’ vocabulary or not through the use of crossword puzzles among seventh-grade students of MTs At-Taqwa Cihampelas in the academic year of 2018/2019. The method used in this research is quantitative technique and the pre-experimental research design conducted in one class. The population in this research is seventh-grade students of MTs At-Taqwa Cihampelas with the total number of the population are 104 students consisting of 3 classes, and the sample is class VII.A that consist of 30 students. The data is collected with the pretest and posttest as an instrument. The researcher conducted the tests before (pre-test) and after (post-test). After that the researcher give students a treatment consists of five meetings. The result show that the mean score of pre-test was 41.83, and the post-test was 75.67 after gives treatment uses crossword puzzle. It means that teaching English vocabulary using a crossword puzzle was effective media to improve students’ vocabulary at seventh-grade. Keywords: crossword puzzle, students’ vocabulary mastery.
The Effectiveness of Public Speaking Training with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety among both Gender
Authors: Lestari Anisa Indah , Noviekayati IGAA , Saragih Sahat 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of public speaking training with cognitive behavioral therapy towards public speaking anxiety. Another purpose was to examine the difference of this training effectiveness towards both genders, male and female. The training method is appropriate for applying cognitive behavioral approaches because this method aims to change cognition and to train certain behaviors for an individual to the adaptive and better behavior. The purposive sampling is used in this experimental research to obtain 20 samples including 10 males and 10 females sit in the third grade of a senior high class of TrubusIman Islamic Boarding School and have public speaking anxiety in the medium and high level. The method used quantitative approach for analyzing data. It can be concluded that the training had been effectively minimizing public speaking anxiety but this research could not able show the difference of the training effectiveness among both genders.
Diversity of Earthworms in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Authors: Okoye C.O. , Chiejina C.O. , Ezeorah C.C. , Okeke J.J. , Ezeonyejiaku C.D. , Okonkwo C.J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies reveal that not up to 50% of earthworm species have been described in the world and the understanding of earthworm diversity is finite in most countries including Nigeria. The study was aimed at evaluating the diversity of earthworms and environmental factors affecting their abundance. Earthworms were collected from three (3) different sampling locations in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Descriptive statistics and estimation of species abundance, dominance and diversity were used to analyze the data obtained from the study. From the study, four (4) species of earthworms were identified and recorded from the three sampling locations. Eudrilus eugeniae (54.9%) was the most abundant species followed by Hyperidrilus africanus (20.3%), Libyodrilus violaceous (19.6%) and Alma millsoni (6.3%) with the least abundant species. The result of the diversity indices showed Science village (1.13) as the most diverse habitat followed by Emelda hostel (0.86) and Boys’ hostel (0.84) with the least diversity of species. Soil pH ranged from 2.25 to 4.06 and total organic matter ranged from 14.10 to 16.36%. Soil temperature was uniform with an average value of 27°C for the three sampling locations. The soil moisture content ranged from 11.19 to 14.12%. The conductivity recorded the lowest value (25.60μS/cm) in Emelda Hostel and highest value (111.8 μS/cm) in Science village. The study provided understanding into the patterns of earthworm populations in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and the need for the conservation of earthworm diversity. Better understanding about habitat and living conditions of earthworms is required to provide suitable and enhanced production of vermicompost in different geographic conditions.