bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics study of fasudil on cisplatin-induced kidney injury
Authors: Xia Demeng , Lai Xueli , Wu Kaiwen , Zhou Panyu , Li Lei , Guo Zhiyong , Xu Shuogui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFasudil is a derivative of 5-isoquinoline sulfonamide, which is a Rho kinase inhibitor, a wide range of pharmacological effects. Fasudil has been shown to attenuate kidney injury caused by certain substances. In the present study, metabolomic analysis of mouse kidney tissues ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the metabolomic changes in cisplatin-induced kidney injury and the fasudil-induced attenuation of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Metabolomic profiling of kidney tissues revealed significant differences in metabolites between the control group and the cisplatin group and between the cisplatin group and the fasudil-intervention group. With metabolomic approach, 68 endogenous differential metabolites were found, and multivariate statistical analysis, accurate molecular weights, isotope tracers, mass-spectrometry secondary-fragment information, and standard-reference comparisons were used to identify these substances. Based on these differential metabolites, a metabolic-pathway network was constructed and revealed that fasudil primarily attenuated cisplatin-induced renal injury by modulating lipid and amino-acid metabolism. These results further demonstrate that kidney injury can be induced by cisplatin and, moreover, suggest that fasudil can be used to reduce kidney injury at early stages in patients treated with cisplatin.
Deep point spread function photometric catalog of the VVV survey data
Authors: Zhang M. , Kainulainen J. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey has performed a multi-epoch near-infrared imaging of the inner Galactic plane. High-fidelity photometric catalogs are needed to utilize the data.
Aims. We aim at producing a deep, point spread function (PSF) photometric catalog for the VVV survey J-,H-, and Ks-band data. Specifically, we aim to take advantage of multiple epochs of the survey to reach high limiting magnitudes.
Methods. We developed an automatic PSF-fitting pipeline based on the DaoPHOT algorithm and performed photometry on the stacked VVV images in J,  H, and Ks bands.
Results. We present a PSF photometric catalog in the Vega system that contains about 926 million sources in the J,  H, and Ks filters. About 10% of the sources are flagged as possible spurious detections. The 5σ limiting magnitudes of the sources with high reliability are about 20.8, 19.5, and 18.7 mag in the J,  H, and Ks bands, respectively, depending on the local crowding condition. Our photometric catalog reaches on average about one magnitude deeper than the previously released PSF DoPHOT photometric catalog and includes less spurious detections. There are significant differences in the brightnesses of faint sources between our catalog and the previously released one. The likely origin of these differences is in the different photometric algorithms that are used; it is not straightforward to assess which catalog is more accurate in different situations. Our new catalog is beneficial especially for science goals that require high limiting magnitudes; our catalog reaches such high magnitudes in fields that have a relatively uniform source number density. Overall, the limiting magnitudes and completeness are different in fields with different crowding conditions.
Polarisation of a small-scale cometary plasma environment
Authors: Gunell Herbert , Lindkvist Jesper , Goetz Charlotte , Nilsson Hans , Hamrin Maria 
Published: October 2019

Context.The plasma near the nucleus of a comet is subjected to an electric field to which a few different sources contribute: the convective electric field of the solar wind, the ambipolar electric field due to higher electron than ion speeds, and a polarisation field arising from the vastly different ion and electron trajectories.Aims.Our aim is to show how the ambipolar and polarisation electric fields arise and develop under the influence of space charge effects, and in doing so we paint a qualitative picture of the electric fields in the inner coma of a comet.Methods.We use an electrostatic particle-in-cell model to simulate a scaled-down comet, representing comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with parameters corresponding to a 3.0 AU heliocentric distance.Results.We find that an ambipolar electric field develops early in the simulation and that this is soon followed by the emergence of a polarisation electric field, manifesting itself as an anti-sunward component prevalent in the region surrounding the centre of the comet. As plasma is removed from the inner coma in the direction of the convectional electric field of the solar wind, a density maximum develops on the opposite side of the centre of the comet.Conclusions.The ambipolar and polarisation electric fields both have a significant influence on the motion of cometary ions. This demonstrates the importance of space charge effects in comet plasma physics.
Combining magnetohydrostatic constraints with Stokes profiles inversions
Authors: Borrero J. M. , Pastor Yabar A. , Rempel M. , Ruiz Cobo B. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Inversion codes for the polarized radiative transfer equation, when applied to spectropolarimetric observations (i.e., Stokes vector) in spectral lines, can be used to infer the temperature T, line-of-sight velocity vlos, and magnetic field B as a function of the continuum optical-depth τc. However, they do not directly provide the gas pressure Pg or density ρ. In order to obtain these latter parameters, inversion codes rely instead on the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium (HE) in addition to the equation of state (EOS). Unfortunately, the assumption of HE is rather unrealistic across magnetic field lines, causing estimations of Pg and ρ to be unreliable. This is because the role of the Lorentz force, among other factors, is neglected. Unreliable gas pressure and density also translate into an inaccurate conversion from optical depth τc to geometrical height z.
Aims. We aim at improving the determination of the gas pressure and density via the application of magnetohydrostatic (MHS) equilibrium instead of HE.
Methods. We develop a method to solve the momentum equation under MHS equilibrium (i.e., taking the Lorentz force into account) in three dimensions. The method is based on the iterative solution of a Poisson-like equation. Considering the gas pressure Pg and density ρ from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of sunspots as a benchmark, we compare the results from the application of HE and MHS equilibrium using boundary conditions with different degrees of realism. Employing boundary conditions that can be applied to actual observations, we find that HE retrieves the gas pressure and density with an error smaller than one order of magnitude (compared to the MHD values) in only about 47% of the grid points in the three-dimensional domain. Moreover, the inferred values are within a factor of two of the MHD values in only about 23% of the domain. This translates into an error of about 160 − 200 km in the determination of the z − τc conversion (i.e., Wilson depression). On the other hand, the application of MHS equilibrium with similar boundary conditions allows determination of Pg and ρ with an error smaller than an order of magnitude in 84% of the domain. The inferred values are within a factor of two in more than 55% of the domain. In this latter case, the z − τc conversion is obtained with an accuracy of 30 − 70 km. Inaccuracies are due in equal part to deviations from MHS equilibrium and to inaccuracies in the boundary conditions.
Results. Compared to HE, our new method, based on MHS equilibrium, significantly improves the reliability in the determination of the density, gas pressure, and conversion between geometrical height z and continuum optical depth τc. This method could be used in conjunction with the inversion of the radiative transfer equation for polarized light in order to determine the thermodynamic, kinematic, and magnetic parameters of the solar atmosphere.
2I/Borisov: A C2-depleted interstellar comet
Authors: Opitom Cyrielle , Fitzsimmons Alan , Jehin Emmanuel , Moulane Youssef , Hainaut Olivier , Meech Karen J. , Yang Bin , Snodgrass Colin , Micheli Marco , Keane Jacqueline V. , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Kleyna Jan T. 
Published: October 2019

Aims.The discovery of the first active interstellar object 2I/Borisov provides an unprecedented opportunity to study planetary formation processes in another planetary system. In particular, spectroscopic observations of 2I allow us to constrain the composition of its nuclear ices.Methods.We obtained optical spectra of 2I with the 4.2 mWilliam Herscheland 2.5 mIsaac Newtontelescopes between 2019 September 30 and October 13, when the comet was between 2.5 au and 2.4 au from the Sun. We also imaged the comet with broadband filters on 15 nights from September 11 to October 17, as well as with a CN narrow-band filter on October 18 and 20, with the TRAPPIST-North telescope.Results.Broadband imaging confirms that the dust coma colours (B − V = 0.82 ± 0.02,V − R = 0.46 ± 0.03,R − I = 0.44 ± 0.03,B − R = 1.28 ± 0.03) are the same as for Solar System comets. We detect CN emission in all spectra and in the TRAPPIST narrow-band images with production rates between 1.6 × 1024and 2.1 × 1024molec/s. No other species are detected. We determine three-sigma upper limits for C2, C3, and OH production rates of 6 × 1023molec/s, 2 × 1023molec/s and 2 × 1027molec/s, respectively, on October 02. There is no significant increase of the CN production rate or A(0)fρduring our observing period. Finally, we place a three-sigma upper limit on the Q(C2)/Q(CN) ratio of 0.3 (on October 13). From this, we conclude that 2I is highly depleted in C2, and may have a composition similar to Solar System carbon-chain depleted comets.
Genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin farmed black goats (Capra hircus) from China’s Hainan Province
Authors: Zhou Huan-Huan , Zheng Xin-Li , Ma Tian-Ming , Qi Meng , Cao Zong-Xi , Chao Zhe , Wei Li-Min , Liu Quan-Wei , Sun Rui-Ping , Wang Feng , Zhang Yan , Lu Gang , Zhao Wei 
Published: October 2019

Enterocytozoon bieneusiis an important pathogen commonly found in humans and animals. Farmed animals with close contact to humans are important hosts ofE. bieneusi. The role of goats in the transmission ofE. bieneusi, however, remains unclear. In this study, 341 fresh fecal samples of black goats were collected from five locations in Hainan Province, China.Enterocytozoon bieneusiwas identified and genotyped by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by constructing a neighbor-joining tree of the ITS gene sequences. The average prevalence ofE. bieneusiin black goats was 24.0% (82/341) with rates ranging from 6.3% (4/63) to 37.2% (32/86) across the locations (χ2 = 17.252,p < 0.01). Eight genotypes ofE. bieneusiwere identified, including six known genotypes: CHG5 (n = 47); CHG3 (n = 23); CHG2 (n = 4); CM21 (n = 3); D (n = 2); and AHG1 (n = 1), and two novel genotypes termed HNG-I (n = 1) and HNG-II (n = 1). In the phylogenetic tree, genotype D was clustered into Group 1 and the other identified genotypes were included in Group 2. This represents the first report identifyingE. bieneusiin black goats from Hainan Province, with a high prevalence and wide occurrence demonstrated. The two new genotypes identified provide additional insights into the genotypic variations inE. bieneusi. Due to the small percentage of zoonotic genotypes in these animals, there is minimal risk of zoonotic transmission ofE. bieneusi.
Neoadjuvant cryotherapy improves dysphagia and may impact remission rates in advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Shah Tilak , Kushnir Vladimir , Mutha Pritesh , Majhail Mankanchan , Patel Bhaumik , Schutzer Matthew , Mogahanaki Drew , Smallfield George , Patel Milan , Zfass Alvin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNSC) can provide rapid dysphagia relief, and is postulated to stimulate a local antitumor immune response. The aim of this prospective pilot clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LNSC when administered prior to chemoradiotherapy.
Patients and methods Treatment-naïve adult patients with dysphagia at the time of biopsy-proven squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were prospectively enrolled at two tertiary medical centers. Patients underwent a single session of LNSC. The primary outcome measure was change in dysphagia at 1 and 2 weeks post-cryotherapy. A secondary outcome measure was clinical complete response rate (CR) following chemoradiotherapy.
Results Twenty-five patients were screened, of whom 21 patients were eligible and enrolled. There were seven with metastatic and 14 with locally advanced cancer. The primary outcome of dysphagia improvement of ≥ 1 point occurred in 15/21 patients (71 %) at 1 week, and 10/20 patients (50 %) at 2 weeks. The median dysphagia score improved by 1 at 1 week (P = 0.0003), and 0.5 at 2 weeks (P = 0.02). Six of nine patients (67 %) with locally advanced cancer who completed chemoradiation did not have residual tumor cells on mucosal biopsy, and five of nine patients (56 %) had a clinical CR. There were no serious cryotherapy-related complications.
Conclusions LNSC provided safe and effective palliation for esophageal cancer patients who presented with dysphagia at index diagnosis. Its combination with chemoradiotherapy did not lead to any serious toxicity. Our study provides a scientific rationale for pursuing larger clinical trials addressing synergistic effects of combining LNSC with chemoradiation.
Comparison of underwater and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for removing sessile colorectal polyps: a propensity-score matched cohort study
Authors: Chien Hsu-Chih , Uedo Noriya , Hsieh Ping-Hsin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a standard method for removing sessile colorectal polyps ≥ 10 mm. Recently, underwater EMR (UEMR) has been introduced as a potential alternative. However, the effectiveness and safety of UEMR compared with conventional EMR is un clear.
Patients and methods In this 1:1 propensity score (PS) matched retrospective cohort study, we compared the en bloc resection rates, procedure time, intraprocedural and delayed bleeding rates, and incidence of muscle layer injury. We also performed subgroup analyses by sizes of polyps (< 20 mm and ≥ 20 mm).
Results Among 350 polyps in 315 patients from August 2012 to November 2017, we identified 121 PS-matched pairs. Mean polyp size was 16.8 mm. With similar en bloc resection rates (EMR: 82.6 % vs. UEMR: 87.6 %, rate difference: 5.0, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: – 4 to 13.9 %), UEMR demonstrated a shorter resection time (10.8 min vs. 8.6 min, difference: – 2.2 min, 95 % CI: – 4.1 to – 0.3 min) and a lower intraprocedural bleeding rate (15.7 % vs. 5.8 %, rate difference: – 9.9 %, 95 % CI: – 17.6 to – 2.2 %). Incidence of delayed bleeding and muscle layer injury were low in both groups. For polyps < 20 mm, effectiveness and safety outcomes were similar in both groups. For polyps ≥ 20 mm (42 PS-matched pairs), the UEMR group has a comparable en bloc resection rate with shorter procedure time and superior safety outcomes
Conclusions UEMR achieved an en bloc resection rate comparable to conventional EMR with less intraprocedural bleeding and a shorter procedure time.
Die WHO-Strategie Aktiv Altern aus kommunaler Sicht – Eine
qualitative Befragung im Landkreis Konstanz
Authors: Schulz Anja , Lederle Mareike , Bitzer Eva Maria 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Strategie Aktiv Altern der
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) umfasst die Bereiche Gesundheit, Teilhabe am
sozialen Leben sowie Sicherheit im Alter. Als politischer Aktionsrahmen
unterstützt die Strategie die zukünftige Alterspolitik der
Kommunen. Wie kommunale Akteurinnen und Akteure selbst die WHO-Strategie
beurteilen, ist Gegenstand dieser Befragung.
Methodik Wir haben 5 Expertinnen und Experten aus dem Landkreis Konstanz
mittels systematisierenden, leitfadengestützten Interviews befragt.
Grundlage des Leitfadens bildete eine selbst konzipierte Indikatorenliste, die
die 102 Handlungsempfehlungen strukturiert bündelt. Die Bekanntheit der
WHO-Strategie und eine gegebenenfalls kurze Einführung in die 3 Bereiche
bildeten den Intervieweinstieg, anschließend erfolgte der Abgleich
kommunaler Aktivitäten mit der Indikatorenliste, die Erhebung des
kommunalen Handlungsbedarfes sowie die Identifikation bislang
unberücksichtigter Aspekte. Im Sinne einer Triangulation führten
wir eine quantitative Befragung in weiteren Landkreisen durch. Die Auswertung
erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Gläser und Laudel mit
dem Extraktionsprogramm MIA.
Ergebnisse Keine der interviewten Personen kannte die WHO-Strategie Aktiv
Altern. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung zur WHO-Strategie und
Indikatorenliste, stuften die Interviewpersonen die Strategie jedoch als
praktikabel ein. Als gut umsetzbar schätzten sie v. a.
Handlungsempfehlungen aus den Teilbereichen Teilhabe in der Gesellschaft
(z. B. Schaffung von Seniorenbeiräten), sowie aus dem Bereich
Sicherheit im öffentlichen Raum und Verkehr (z. B.
Schutzmaßnahmen für ältere
Fußgänger/innen) ein. In einzelnen Bereichen, wie der
medizinischen Versorgung und der formellen Pflege, vermissten die
Interviewpersonen Indikatoren, sodass wir die Neuaufnahme zusätzlicher
Handlungsempfehlungen empfehlen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Bekanntheit der WHO-Strategie Aktiv Altern sollte in
Richtung der Kommunen, der eigentlichen Zielgruppe, verbessert werden. Aktiv
Altern ist, unter Berücksichtigung des hier festgestellten
Weiterentwicklungsbedarfes, eine praktikable Orientierungshilfe und bietet
mehrere Chancen für die Alterspolitik im kommunalen Feld.
Implants for Vertebral Body Replacement – Which Systems are Available and Have Become Established
Authors: Kasapovic Adnan , Bornemann Rahel , Pflugmacher Robert , Rommelspacher Yorck 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the first vertebral body replacement operations over 50 years ago until now, there were developed numerous methods and implants. Vertebral body replacement after corpectomy nowadays is a standard procedure in spinal surgery. At the beginning mainly bone grafts were used. Due to continuous development, PMMA and titanium implants were developed. Nowadays various expandable and non-expandable implants are available. Numerous implants can still be justified. The question arises which methods and systems are on the market and which ones have proven themselves? This article describes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each implant type.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pediatric Adrenal Masses—Report on Four Cases
Authors: ElHaddad Ahmed , Castellani Christoph , Sorantin Erich , Benesch Martin , Kampelmühler Eva , Singer Georg , Till Holger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe dignity of adrenal masses in children varies from benign lesions like adenoma and ganglioneuroma to malignant tumors like adrenocortical carcinoma and neuroblastoma. Any surgical approach, especially minimally invasive surgery (MIS), requires careful risk stratification based on oncological and technical criteria. Herein, we present four patients who underwent MIS for adrenal masses. Laboratory testing differentiated between simple cysts and adenoma, but could not identify a child with adrenocortical tumor preoperatively. Analysis of image-defined risk factors excluded vascular encasement in all cases. All patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy without complications. Histopathology revealed simple cyst, ganglioneuroblastoma, adenoma, and potentially malignant adrenocortical tumor in one patient/case each. All specimen showed clear margins and no recurrence was noted at a mean follow-up of 18 months.
Amyand's Hernia in a Neonate Presenting with Inguinoscrotal Erythema: A Difficult Diagnosis
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Fagelnor Anas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe presence of the vermiform appendix, whether inflamed or not, inside a hernial sac is known as Amyand's hernia. Due to nonspecific signs, preoperative diagnosis is not common and requires a high index of suspicion along with awareness of this rare entity. It is more commonly mistaken for a strangulated or incarcerated inguinal hernia. Most cases of reported Amyand's hernia with appendicitis were in pre-term babies, infants, and post-menopausal women. We present a similar case in a 19-day-old, full-term baby presenting with inguinoscrotal edema, erythema, and without a palpable inguinoscrotal mass.
Iatrogenic Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Burn Dressing in a 2-Year-Old Child
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Muñoz-Serrano Antonio Jesus , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , Rodríguez Karla Estefanía , Velayos María , Triana Paloma , Diaz Mercedes , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a severe case of compartment syndrome due to a compressive burn dressing. An otherwise healthy 2-year-old girl presented at her local health center with a superficial partial-thickness thermal burn on the dorsum of the mid phalanx of the second finger of her right hand. A compressive dressing was applied solely to the affected finger. Forty-eight hours afterward, the patient presented in the emergency room with severe pain of the finger. After removal of the dressing, a circular constrictive eschar was observed at the base of the finger, secondary to ischemia due to the compressive dressing. Emergent lateral escharotomies were performed, with immediate recovery of distal perfusion. One week afterward, the patient underwent surgical debridement of the burn on the dorsum of her finger and escharectomy of the ischemic eschar at the base. The lesions were covered with partial-thickness skin grafts. This case shows that acute compartment syndrome can lead to severe sequelae, such as the loss of an extremity or body segment. We must take utmost care in all our actions to avoid any (negligent) act that could lead to severe or permanent damage to our patients.
Microwave Ablation in Primary Lung Malignancies
Authors: Moussa Amgad M. , Ziv Etay , Solomon Stephen B. , Camacho Juan C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Eighty-five percent of cases correspond to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pivotal nonsurgical options for early-stage disease include percutaneous ablation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Microwave Ablation (MWA) is a locoregional treatment option that has many advantages over radiofrequency ablation and has been able to overcome the limitations of this technique in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC. In this review article, we highlight the current evidence supporting the use of MWA in patients with early-stage NSCLC and discuss the technical considerations of the procedure, including optimal patient selection and planning strategies, as well as the potential complications and reported outcomes. Finally, we mention future trends involving ablation in NSCLC, including its role in combination with SBRT in central tumors, management of post-SBRT local recurrence, and its potential as an adjuvant treatment option for patients with resistance to systemic therapy or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.