bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of land subsidence problems by ALPRIFT for vulnerability indexing and risk indexing and treating subjectivity by strategy at two levels
Authors: Sadeghfam Sina , Nourbakhsh Khiyabani Farhad , Khatibi Rahman , Daneshfaraz Rasoul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Land subsidence in response to declining water table at plains under sparse data is investigated using ALPRIFT, introduced recently by the authors at the stage of its proof-of-concept. ALPRIFT is a framework, which pools consensually together seven general-purpose data layers with a scoring system of prescribed rates accounting for local variations and prescribed weights accounting for their relative importance. It is a subsidence vulnerability indexing (SVI) approach, which estimates relative values and is subject to inherent subjectivities. The paper treats the transformation of SVI into a risk indexing (RI) capability through a scheme, in which ALPRIFT breaks down into ALRIF, characterising passive local effects and into water-driven PT, characterising active system-wide effects. The addition of passive and active processes renders total vulnerability but their products render a measure of risk index. A modelling strategy is formulated for SVI and RI at two levels to treat inherent subjectivities and involves data fusion by using catastrophe theory. The strategy is applied to an aquifer subject to decline in water table at the coast of Lake Urmia, with sparse data. The results provide evidence for the proof-of-concept on SVI and RI using ROC/AUC performance metrics.
Using long short-term memory networks for river flow prediction
Authors: Xu Wei , Jiang Yanan , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Yi , Zhang Run , Fu Guangtao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Deep learning has made significant advances in methodologies and practical applications in recent years. However, there is a lack of understanding on how the long short-term memory (LSTM) networks perform in river flow prediction. This paper assesses the performance of LSTM networks to understand the impact of network structures and parameters on river flow predictions. Two river basins with different characteristics, i.e., Hun river and Upper Yangtze river basins, are used as case studies for the 10-day average flow predictions and the daily flow predictions, respectively. The use of the fully connected layer with the activation function before the LSTM cell layer can substantially reduce learning efficiency. On the contrary, non-linear transformation following the LSTM cells is required to improve learning efficiency due to the different magnitudes of precipitation and flow. The batch size and the number of LSTM cells are sensitive parameters and should be carefully tuned to achieve a balance between learning efficiency and stability. Compared with several hydrological models, the LSTM network achieves good performance in terms of three evaluation criteria, i.e., coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency and relative error, which demonstrates its powerful capacity in learning non-linear and complex processes in hydrological modelling.
On-site sanitation density and groundwater quality: evidence from remote sensing and in situ observations in the Thiaroye aquifer, Senegal
Authors: Diaw Mor Talla , Cissé-Faye Seynabou , Gaye Cheikh Becaye , Niang Seydou , Pouye Abdoulaye , Campos Luiza C. , Taylor Richard G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In rapidly urbanising low-income towns and cities, there remains an absence of scientific evidence and regulatory structures to sustain the quality and quantity of groundwater used for low-cost water supplies and to reconcile this with continued use of the subsurface for low-cost sanitation. Here, we analyse the relationship between the density of on-site sanitation and shallow groundwater quality in the Thiaroye aquifer of Quaternary sands in Dakar, Senegal. On-site sanitation was mapped using object-oriented classification and visual interpretation of high-resolution, optical satellite images and ground-truthing surveys. Groundwater quality was assessed over a three-year period (2017–2019) from a network of 61 sources comprising boreholes, dug-wells, hand tubewells and piezometers. More than 253,000 on-site sanitation facilities are identified over an area of 520 km2 with densities ranging from 1 to 70 per hectare. A moderate, statistically significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.55, p « 0.01) is found between the density of on-site sanitation facilities and nitrate concentrations in sampled groundwater sources. Groundwater contamination beyond the WHO drinking-water guideline value (50 mg/L) occurs where densities of on-site sanitation facilities exceed 4 (±4) per hectare, a threshold commonly surpassed in peri-urban areas underlain by the Thiaroye aquifer of Dakar.
Rehabilitation and upgrading wastewater treatment plant for safe irrigation reuse in remote area
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hussein I. , Mansour Mona S. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study presents an extensive evaluation of a full-scale sewage treatment system in a remote area with a population of 9,000 equivalents in Egypt. The present achievement can be implemented in several arid and semi-arid areas. Previously, this treatment system was heavily destroyed during the turmoil and became completely out of operation. Presently, the capacity of the treatment system increased from 345.5 to 648 m3/d. The present rehabilitation, upgrading, and optimizing consisted of rebuilding the main construction system, addition of chemical coagulation/sedimentation, Gravel Bed Hydroponic Wetland (GBHW) followed by waste maturation pond at a surface area of 784 m2. Results indicated that the overall removal of the pollution parameters namely: turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and oil and grease were excellent (ranged between 96.9 to 99%). Further improvement was achieved by employing the maturation pond. In addition, successful removal of the nutrients elements in the final treated effluent reached 83.4% for total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 99.3% for ammonia-nitrogen, 63.4% for organic nitrogen, and 59.8% for total phosphorous (TP). The pathogen removal was excellent, namely: faecal coliform and E.coli, where the overall removal reached 100% each (more than ten and six orders of magnitude). Meanwhile, the number of cells or eggs of Nimatoda (count/L) in the raw wastewater was also 100% removed in the final treated effluent.
Air entrainment by inclined circular plunging water jets with various impingement heights
Authors: Ma Yiyi , Zhang Luchen , Yang Yu , Wei Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on air entrainment by inclined circular plunging water jets issued from long nozzles with various jet impingement heights up to 6.1 m. Particular attention was paid to the jets having a large impingement height, and which disintegrated into small droplets before reaching the water surface. The dominant sizes and velocities of the droplets generated by jet breakup were 1–4 mm and 4–9 m/s. The results show that for plunging water jets having the same hydraulic head, the air entrainment rate increased as the jet impingement height at first grew, then dropped as the jet impingement height kept increasing. The early increase in the air entrainment rate was due to the growth of jet surface roughness, while the later decrease was caused by the water jet disintegration. The momentum of the plunging jet decreased dramatically due to the reduced mass and the significant energy dissipation through the atmosphere caused by jet disintegration. This led to a much smaller penetration depth and air entrainment rate compared to with a continuous jet.
Establishment of urban waterlogging pre-warning system based on coupling RBF-NARX neural networks
Authors: Wei Ming , She Lin , You Xue-yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The optimal layout of low-impact development (LID) facilities satisfying annual runoff control for low rainfall expectation is not effective under extreme rainfall conditions and urban waterlogging may occur. In order to avoid the losses of urban waterlogging, it is particularly significant to establish a waterlogging early warning system. In this study, based on coupling RBF-NARX neural networks, we establish an early warning system that can predict the whole rainfall process according to the rainfall curve of the first 20 minutes. Using the predicted rainfall process curve as rainfall input to the rainfall-runoff calculation engine, the area at risk of waterlogging can be located. The results indicate that the coupled neural networks perform well in the prediction of the hypothetical verification rainfall process. Under the studied extreme rainfall conditions, the location of 25 flooding areas and flooding duration are well predicted by the early warning system. The maximum of average flooding depth and flooding duration is 16.5 cm and 99 minutes, respectively. By predicting the risk area and the corresponding flooding time, the early warning system is quite effective in avoiding and reducing the losses from waterlogging.
Desogestrel and Severe Psychiatric Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis of Federal Adverse Event Reporting System and EudraVigilance
Authors: Shah Manan , Kothari Charmy 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Several studies have been published which stated that there is some connection
between severe psychiatric disorders and contraceptive drug “desogestrel”. However, nothing
in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC) or patient information leaflets of desogestrel
about anxiety, more severe anxiety leading to panic attacks, or about risks of severe depression
leading to suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts.

Objective:
To examine the safety and risk association between hormonal contraceptive desogestrel
among women with psychiatric disorders using adverse drug reaction database of FDA Adverse
Events Reporting System (FAERS) and EudraVigilance (EV).

Methods:
Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of only female patients from Jan 1999 to Nov
2019 and Jan 2004 to Nov 2019 were downloaded from FAERS and EV database, respectively. Reports
of drug desogestrel, dienogest, norgestimate, cyproterone acetate and drospirenone were
downloaded. Disproportionality method of data mining was used to calculate the risk association.

Results and Discusion:
The lower limit of 95% CI of PRR is -0.28 and 2.02, PRR is 1.08 and
9.18, ROR is 1.09 (95%CI: 0.74, 1.59) and 9.26 (95% CI: 7.21, 11.89), Chi square value is 1.21
and 433.68, and IC-2SD is -0.27 and 2.60, respectively for data obtained from FAERS and EV.

Conclusion:
From this study, we conclude that there is no new emerging signal for the drug-event
pair studied. Further study and continuous monitoring are required in future to know more about
this drug-event pair association, as severe psychiatric disorders are not yet mentioned or included
in SmPC and patient leaflet of desogestrel.
Preparation and Characterization of A Nanoliposomal Vaccine of pcLACK Candidate Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Hezarjaribi Hajar Ziaei , Soosaraei Masoud , Fakhar Mahdi , Akhtari Javad , Rafiei Alireza , Jorjani Oghol Niaz 
Published: October 2020

Background:Leishmaniasis is a public health problem and endemic in countries of the tropics and subtropics. An ongoing project with naked LACK (Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C-kinase) demonstrated that this case of the gene is entirely susceptible to immune response and it does enter the cells effectively. This study aimed at developing a procedure to prepare a type of lipid nanoparticles overloaded with plasmid LACK (pcLACK) for usage as Leishmania major (L. major) nanoliposomal vaccine.Materials and methods:The single-gene expression plasmid of pcLACK was encoded in the LACK antigen. Nanoparticles were set up by thin film procedure using cationic lipids 1, 2-Dioleoyl- 3-Trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP), 1, 2-Dioleoyl-snGlycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and cholesterol in a molar proportion of 2:1:1 molar ratio. Using dynamic light scattering, the particle diameters of empty and loaded lipoplexes were measured in triplicate. The zeta-potential (ζ) was measured with the same instrument using the zeta potential mode as the average of 20 measurements by diluting the particles into a low salt buffer.Results:The results of the sustainability studies of Liposome-pcLACK formulation showed that there were no significant physical changes up to the 30th day of stability study at the storage condition of 4°C. However, there were significant changes in the formulation content during storage at 25°C for 30 days (204.2±0.90 at Day 30 compared with 207.2±0.26 nm at Day 0). It was observed that the prepared nanoliposomal formulation had more stability under refrigeration.Conclusion:Immunostimulatory cationic lipids bearing a pcLACK encapsulation could serve as an effective delivery system.
An administration on artificial skin for burning patient skin recovery through tissue engineering
Authors: Das Sourav Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Artificial skin has been tried to implement on subject which is damaged by burn effect.In this
research i tried with Silk fibroin as a block biopolymer and which is very high biodegradability and more flexible for cell
culture as being a part of human body.With this artificial skin of SF/Chitosan will help to produce more pores of tissue
engineering which will create a good implantation system.Skin is the longest and most important organ of human
body.Artificial skin is a collagen scaffold that causes skin regeneration in animals such as humans. The innovative
biomaterial silk consists of this collagen.I also tried to introduce collagen consisting of silk nanofibers for human body
linked to burning patients impacted areas via tissue engineering administration.Body comprises of three layers.They are
sometimes called the hypodermis, epidermis, dermis and the fat layer.

Purpose:
An exploration to implement human compatible artificial skin for burned body.

Materials and methods:
At first turned silk fibroin through degumming process as a block biopolymer and then check
oxygen permeability with silk fibroin and chitosan combination.Check mechanical properties and this total experiment done
through tissue engineering and cell culture. Tissue-built skin substitutes may offer a viable helpful choice for the treatment
of patients with skin harms.

Results:
Implementable long term sustainability and high biodegradability artificial skin through cell culture.

Conclusion:
In this research, artificial skin has been developed with chitosan/SF layer based with complete block
biopolymer and i got a significant result which will be compatible for human original skin with high oxygen and water
permeability with cell culture and it is effective and result oriented for burning patient skin recovery and accidental case in
the replacement of skin.

Discussion:
Artificial skin is a collagen scaffold that induces regeneration of skin in mammals such as humans.The novel
biomaterial silk consists of this collagen.In this research work,we tried to implement collagen consisting silk nanofibers for
artificial skin for human body related to burning patients affected areas through tissue engineering administration.
CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION FACTORS OF ONLINE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
Authors: Kurniawan Yoga , Putritama Afrida 
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Customers’ Satisfaction Factors of Online Transportation Service. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of quality of information system, quality of service, perceived security and perceived privacy on customer satisfaction in using online motorcycle transportation. This research is a survey based research with quantitative approach. The populations in this study are all users of Grab online motorcycle transportation services in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling (non-probability sampling) with a total sample of 162 people. The data collection technique used an online questionnaire that has been qualified for validity and reliability. The data analysis method is multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results showed that there is partial positive effect between quality of information system, quality of service, perceived security, and perceived privacy of Grab customers’ satisfaction. The four dependent variable simultanously showed a significant positive effect between customer satisfaction and the independent variable with value number of the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) is 0,488, the value of the F-test results is 39.412> 2,868312 and significance 0.000. Keywords: Information Systems Quality, Service Quality, Perceived Security, Perceived Privacy, Customer Satisfaction
Disparities in Video and Telephone Visits Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Schifeling Christopher H , Shanbhag Prajakta , Johnson Angene , Atwater Riannon C , Koljack Claire , Parnes Bennett L , Vejar Maria M , Farro Samantha A , Phimphasone-Brady Phoutdavone , Lum Hillary D 
Published: October 2020

Background
Telephone and video telemedicine appointments have been a crucial service delivery method during the COVID-19 pandemic for maintaining access to health care without increasing the risk of exposure. Although studies conducted prior to the pandemic have suggested that telemedicine is an acceptable format for older adults, there is a paucity of data on the practical implementation of telemedicine visits. Due to prior lack of reimbursement for telemedicine visits involving nonrural patients, no studies have compared telephone visits to video visits in geriatric primary care.

Objective
This study aimed to determine (1) whether video visits had longer durations, more visit diagnoses, and more advance care planning discussions than telephone visits during the rapid implementation of telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) whether disparities in visit type existed based on patient characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients seen at two geriatric clinics from April 23 to May 22, 2020. Approximately 25% of patients who had telephone and video appointments during this time underwent chart review. We analyzed patient characteristics, visit characteristics, duration of visits, number of visit diagnoses, and the presence of advance care planning discussion in clinical documentation.

Results
Of the 190 appointments reviewed, 47.4% (n=90) were video visits. Compared to telephone appointments, videoconferencing was, on average, 7 minutes longer (mean 37.3 minutes, SD 10 minutes; P<.001) and had, on average, 1.2 more visit diagnoses (mean 5.7, SD 3; P=.001). Video and telephone visits had similar rates of advance care planning. Furthermore, hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment did not result in different rates of video or telephone appointments. Non-White patients, patients who needed interpreter services, and patients who received Medicaid were less likely to have video visits than White patients, patients who did not need an interpreter, and patients who did not receive Medicaid, respectively (P=.003, P=.01, P<.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Although clinicians spent more time on video visits than telephone visits, more than half of this study’s older patients did not use video visits, especially if they were from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds or Medicaid beneficiaries. This potential health care disparity merits greater attention.
¿Son los criterios de la ASGE suficientes para la estratificación del riesgo de coledocolitiasis?
Authors: Toro Calle Jeronimo , Guzmán Arango Carolina , Ramírez Ceballos Mariana , Guzmán Arango Natalia 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: la patología biliar litiásica es una de las entidades más frecuentes en el área de cirugía general y en gastroenterología. El tratamiento varía según el lugar donde se alojen los cálculos. Para esto, se han definido diversas escalas de estratificación del riesgo de presentar coledocolitiasis, pero son los criterios planteados por la Sociedad Americana de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal (American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, ASGE) los más usados a nivel mundial, ya que tienen una precisión diagnóstica definida del 70 %. Los procedimientos o ayudas diagnósticas establecidas por estos criterios, en ocasiones, prolongan el tiempo de hospitalización, aumentan los costos y pueden tener complicaciones.
Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, de tipo transversal retrospectivo, con datos obtenidos a partir de las historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica, en la Clínica CES de Medellín, entre julio y diciembre de 2017.
Resultados y conclusiones: se analizaron 424 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomia laparoscópica. De ellos, 254 (56,76 %) se categorizaron como de riesgo bajo, mientras que 94 (22,11 %) fueron de riesgo intermedio y 76 (17,88 %) de riesgo alto. Se encontró una frecuencia de coledocolitiasis del 90,8 % en aquellos categorizados como de riesgo alto y del 26,6 % en los pacientes de riesgo intermedio. En la categoría de riesgo intermedio se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos para los valores de bilirrubina total, bilirrubina directa y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) (p = 0,001; p = 0,014; p = 0,007, respectivamente). La baja frecuencia de coledocolitiasis en la categoría de riesgo intermedio puede ser explicada por cálculos menores a 5 mm no visibles en la colangiorresonancia. A partir de este estudio, se propone ajustar los rangos de valores de los criterios de la ASGE para la categoría de riesgo intermedio, permitiendo tener una mayor precisión a la hora de clasificar los pacientes con patología litiásica y disminuir costos y estancia hospitalaria.
El problema de la determinación del nexo causal en la responsabilidad civil por daños medioambientales: de la certeza causal a la teoría de la causalidad compleja
Authors: Kalil Amanda 
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar la determinación del nexo de causalidad en la responsabilidad civil por daños ambientales y la necesidad de adaptar la prueba de la relación causal a las nuevas exigencias impuestas por el fenómeno de la causalidad compleja del daño ambiental. El estudio enfoca el tratamiento conferido por el ordenamiento jurídico y por los tribunales españoles, destacando el contexto actual de la sociedad de riesgo. Por tanto, el estudio presenta las teorías explicativas del nexo de causalidad, destaca el concepto de la causalidad compleja, así como los obstáculos existentes en orden a la identificación y comprobación de la "causalidad ambiental". Asimismo, se analizan los obstáculos existentes para la identificación y comprobación de la causalidad ambiental, como la multiplicidad de agentes, la concurrencia de causas y los daños continuados, entre otros. Esta investigación presenta también las propuestas existentes en el derecho comparado y sugiere, por lo tanto, la incorporación de una serie de teorías dirigidas a resolver los problemas presentados en la prueba del nexo causal y, en consecuencia, conseguir que la responsabilidad civil sea un instrumento eficaz de protección y reparación de los daños medioambientales. Palabras Clave: Responsabilidad civil; daño ambiental; nexo causal; prueba.
Firma digital utilización de la firma digital en el ámbito notarial
Authors: Gras Dolores 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo estudia el impacto de la firma digital en el ámbito notarial, para lo cual se conceptualiza la institución, y su forma de funcionamiento en el Sistema Argentino, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico para entender cómo funciona, requisitos legales, sus efectos y limitaciones, como así también intentar comprender la seguridad que brinda este medio de expresión de voluntad. Igualmente se analiza su impacto en el ámbito notarial y sus consecuencias en los negocios celebrados con este instituto. Palabras Claves: Derecho notarial  firma digital  firma electrónica