bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Mycoplasma pneumonia a potential factor for hemoptysis related to pulmonary vascular malformations? A retrospective cohort study of 27 children
Authors: Kuang Hongyu , Li Qiang , Yi Qijian , Lu Tiewei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To summarize characteristics of hemoptysis in children associated with pulmonary vascular malformations, and to identify the pathological mechanism, potentially.
Methods: Children were recruited who were diagnosed with hemoptysis for pulmonary vascular malformations without congenital heart disease (CHD). The demographics, history, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, pathogens testing, imaging outcomes and prognosis were systemically reported. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS 24.0 was employed to compare the continuous laboratory variables, and Fisher’s exact test was applied for data enumeration. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In sum, 27 children were enrolled in this retrospective study with a medium age of 9.1 years old, among whom 9.1% were in preschool-group, 72.7% in school-group, and 18.2% in adolescent-group. Different hemoptysis degrees were observed from individuals, and the moderate and severe conditions were commonly in elder children. Meanwhile some antecedent symptoms were recorded, mainly cough and fever before hemoptysis occurrence. Pathogens testing indicated proofs for infection of MP in 68.2% patients, and 37.5% were further identified with MP-DNA-PCR. Images revealed interstitial changes in most hemoptysis cases, especially in the inferior lobe of right lung for cases with MP infection, and endovascular contrast detected 24 patients with abnormal bronchial arteries (BAs) causing bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula and 3 patients suffered from pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF). After the transcatheter plug closure, a recurrent hemoptysis occurred in 8 patients suffered from an infection of MP initially, and the OR of clinical worsening in Group 1 where cases were considered with an infection of MP, was 2:1.
Conclusions: Pulmonary vascular malformations can be commonly detected in elder children. An infection of MP possibly acts as a potential trigger inducing the rupture of affected vessels, which could take a higher risk of clinical worsening.
Intracranial-to-Central Venous Pressure Gap Predicts the Responsiveness of ICP to PEEP in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Peng Li Hong , Ning Lin Ying , Hui Cheng Zhi , Wei Qu , Liu Zhang , Yun Li Qing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly applied in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). However, non-indicators to predict the influence of PEEP on intracranial pressure (ICP) prevent the optimal use of PEEP. As the central venous pressure (CVP) could act as an intermediary to transduce the pressure from PEEP to ICP, we set up a new indicators PICGap (representing the gap between the baseline ICP and baseline CVP). The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between PICGap and the ICP responsiveness to PEEP.
Methods: Total 112 patients with sTBI undergoing MV were finally enrolled. ICP, CVP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), static compliance of respiratory system (Cst), and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) were recorded at initial level of PEEP (3 cmH2O) and adjusted levels of PEEP (15 cmH2O). PICGap was calculated by baseline ICP - baseline CVP (when PEEP=3 cmH2O). The patients enrolled were classified into either an ICP responder group or a non-responder group based on whether the increment of ICP when PEEP adjustment from 3 cmH2O to 15 cmH2O was greater than or less than 20% of baseline ICP. Parameters recorded above were compared between two groups and the prediction of ICP responsiveness to PEEP adjustment were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC).
Results: Responder group had lower PICGap, lower baseline ICP, and higher baseline CVP compared with non-responder group. ROC analysis suggested that PICGap could act as a strongest predictive indicator for the ICP responsiveness to PEEP (AUC = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.918 - 0.996, p <0.001) compared with baseline ICP and baseline CVP, with a favorable sensitivity of 95.24% (95% CI: 86.91% - 98.70%) and specificity of 87.6% (95% CI: 75.76% - 94.27%) when the cut off value of 2.5mmHg was determined.
Conclusion: The impact of PEEP on ICP depends on the GAP of between baseline ICP and baseline CVP, i.e. PICGap. The PICGap could be a potential predictor for ICP responsiveness to PEEP adjustment in patients with sTBI.
Is Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube feeding Beneficial for Improving Survival in Patients with Dementia? A systematic review and meta- analysis of current evidences
Authors: Raeesi Shima , Hashemi Rezvan , Vahabi Zahra , Abdolahi Mina , Sedighiyan Mohsen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Dementia is a progressive disabling neurogenic disease resulted in serious nutritional deficiencies included dysphagia, malnutrition and weight loss. The Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) which is a long-term enteral feeding method that routinely use in demented patients with poor food intake as a standard protocol. However, most of the evidences have not shown beneficial effects of PEG feeding on complications or survival rates in these patients. Some studies have even reported an increase in mortality. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the mortality rate and survival in primary demented patients with PEG.Methods A systemically search conducted on Pubmed and Scopus databases up to Aug 2019 without language restriction. The data were reviewed according to Cochrane handbook and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE). Based on random-effects model, mortality rate and median survival were expressed as risk ratio and weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI respectively.Results Among 13 included studies, PEG insertion in patients with primary dementia has no significant effect on 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, 1-year and 2- year mortality rate or median survival (WMD: 9.77; 95% CI: -22.43 to 41.98; P= 0.55). It seems that naso-gastric tube (NGT) feeding in compared to PEG in this population is more effective.Conclusion Further prospective studies are needed to comprehensive evaluation of mortality or survival regarding to comorbidities, underlying disease, cognitive and physical performance and nutritional problems in demented patients.
The extent of loss to follow among patients initiated on antiretroviral treatment, Pakistan 2017-2018: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Paracha Saima Iqbal , Hafeez Fahad , Habib Hammad , Yaqoob Aashifa , Fatima Raazia , Saeed Quaid , Achakzai Abdul Baseer Khan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The HIV epidemic in Pakistan is concentrated in key populations and is one of the fastest growing epidemics in South Asia. Over the years the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus initiated on antiretroviral therapy has gradually increased. The effectiveness of the treatment programmes depends on retention in care and treatment adherence. The aim of the study is to the explore the sociodemographic characteristics and magnitude of loss to follow-up in patients initiated on ART in three provinces of Pakistan.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the National AIDS Control Programme. Case-based data (n=5,215) of 16 treatment centres for all patients initiated on anti-retroviral therapy from 1 st January 2017 to 31 st December 2018 was extracted from the national management information system. Loss to follow-up was defined as a patient who has not visited/attended the ART clinic for >180 days (6 months) and has not been reported dead or transferred out to another ART clinic. Descriptive statistics were applied to study the sociodemographic characteristics and level of lost to follow up in patients initiated on treatment.Results Of the 5,215 patients, 3,097 (59.4%) were aged between 15-49 years. About 4,069 (78%) were male. Around 1,686 (34.3%) of the patients on ART were defined as lost to follow up. Age, gender, and patients with undisclosed identity were identified as the key characteristics of patients lost to follow-up. A greater proportion of the patients were lost to follow-up within the first year of initiation of treatment.Conclusions The loss to follow in the study is high. Efforts need to be focussed on linking people infected with human immunodeficiency virus to treatment, retaining them in care, and increasing patient time on treatment. Patient tracing mechanisms should be strengthened.
Comparison of 22G Standard and Franseen Needles in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Diagnosing Pancreatic Mass Lesions: Study Protocol for a Controlled Trial
Authors: Itonaga Masahiro , Yasukawa Satoru , Shimokawa Toshio , Takenaka Mamoru , Fukutake Nobuyasu , Ogura Takeshi , Sakagami Junichi , Shiomi Hideyuki , Okura Yasushi , Inatomi Osamu , Matsumoto Hisakazu , Kurita Akira , Suzuki Azumi , Tanaka Kiyohito , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was developed with the aim of further improving the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound. Although novel puncture needles have been specifically designed for collecting sufficient tissue specimens, clinical studies have indicated no clear difference in diagnostic performance between these novel needles and conventional puncture needles. Recently, a needle with Franseen geometry was developed specifically for EUS-FNA biopsy. Due to the characteristic shape of its tip, the Franseen needle is expected to be effective for scraping tissues, thus potentially increasing the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA biopsy. We plan to carry out a prospective, multicenter, open-labeled, controlled trial to compare conventional and Franseen needles in terms of the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA for evaluating the malignancy of pancreatic mass lesions. Methods/design The study will enroll 520 patients with pancreatic mass managed at any of 21 participating endoscopic centers. Lesion samples obtained using 22G conventional and Franseen needles will be assessed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two types of needles in EUS-FNA for evaluating the malignancy of mass lesions in the pancreas. Tissue samples will be fixed in formalin and processed for histologic evaluation. For the purpose of this study, only samples obtained with the first needle pass will be used for comparing the: (i) accuracy of the malignancy diagnosis, (ii) sensitivity and specificity for the malignancy diagnosis, (iii) procedure completion rate, (iv) sample cellularity, and (v) incidence of complications. Discussion The outcomes of this study may provide insight into the optimal needle choice for evaluating the malignancy of pancreatic solid lesions, thus aiding in the development of practice guidelines for pancreatic diseases.
Internal limiting membrane insertion technique combined with nerve growth factor injection for large macular hole
Authors: Zhang Luyi , Li Xiaoxia , Yang Xiaoli , Shen Yu , Wu Miaoqin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The study was proposed to determine whether nerve growth factor (NGF) combined with an internal limiting membrane (ILM) insertion was effective in the large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (iFTMH) therapy.
Methods: A subset of 18 eyes (July 2015-October 2017) diagnosed as the large iFTMH were enrolled in this study. The subjects were treated using ILM insertion technique alone (ILM group) or ILM combined with NGF injection (NGF group) and the follow-up period was 6 months. Macular hole closure rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, improvements using ETDRS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were analyzed at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postoperatively.
Results: We found that macular holes in both groups fully closed. In comparison to ILM insertion group, the NGF group had better BCVA at the 3rd month (48.00 ± 2.392 vs 58.22 ± 2.957, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.159 to 18.29). The mean external limiting membrane (ELM, 422.2 ± 96 vs 674.9 ± 103.6, 95% CI: -47.26 to 552.8) and ellipsoid zone (EZ, 496.7 ± 101.6 vs 766.7 ± 111.8, 95% CI: -50.29 to 590.4) defects were significantly smaller in the NGF group at the 6th month in the follow-up examination. Complete recovery of ELM and EZ was observed in the NGF group in one eye of a patient and two eyes of two patients, respectively. In comparison, one eye’s ELM and another eye’s EZ were completely recovered in the ILM insertion group.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that ILM insertion with NGF injection might be an effective technique for the initial surgical treatment of eyes with large MHs. The proposed approach yielded better recovery of the photoreceptor layers and consequently might have superior postoperative visual acuity.
New Mineral Names*,†
Authors: Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Cámara Fernando , Uvarova Yulia 
Published: December 2019

In this issue
This New Mineral Names has entries for 11 new minerals, including cesiodymite, cryptochalcite, feodosiyite, fluoro-tremolite, itelmenite, ozerovaite, ramazzoite, redcanyonite, selivanovite, vanderheydenite, and wrightite.
Community size, perception of health, depression and diabetes mellitus in Mexican adults
Authors: Ramírez-Girón Natalia , Gallegos-Cabriales Esther , Ortiz-Rodriguez Jeyle 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem. Theoretical approaches that include factors of the individual, environmental factors and the synergy of these variables in the development of T2D are necessary, to achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon. The research question was: What individual and environmental factors explain the presence of diabetes in a representative sample of the adult population of Mexico? Method: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were used. 13,186 observations were included corresponding to individuals over 50 years old living in Mexico. A linear hierarchical model with two levels (1. Individual, 2. Community) was performed.Results: Individuals who have a better perception of their health condition and do more exercise are less likely to have diabetes. Meanwhile, depression, sleep problems, having hypertension, and parents with diabetes are positively related to the likelihood of having diabetes. Individuals who live on large-sized localities are more likely to have diabetes than people who live in small communities. The effect of community size is greater as individuals have a better perception of their health condition and the effect of depression levels on the likelihood of having diabetes increases as individuals live in large communities. The probabilities of risk and association of an exposure with an event such as diabetes are evaluated.Discussion or Conclusion: Diabetes can be explained from individual factors and the size of the community where people reside, which interact with specific individual factors, which improves the understanding of the development of diabetes.
Experimental study on filter media using locally available materials in bioretention
Authors: Yang Feikai , Singh Rajendra Prasad , Fu Dangfang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bioretention systems and selection of effective filter media are very important in implementation of sponge cities. The current study was carried out to find proper composition of filter media using locally available materials, which acclimate to the special/local climate, environmental and geographical conditions in Yangtze River Delta region. Results revealed that sand with discontinuous gradation and containing a certain amount of clay led to unsatisfactory hydraulic performance (hydraulic conductivity ranged from 423 mm/h to 1,054 mm/h, and 1,500 mm/h to 29 mm/h). In contrast, a mixture of locally available sand, which consisted of continuous gradation of coarse sand (40–70%, by mass), fine sand (0–40%, by mass), very fine sand (10–60%, by mass) and nutrient soil (0–3%, by mass), had a hydraulic conductivity ranging from 200 to 400 mm/h and relatively stable structure. During the 70 days' flooding test, the hydraulic conductivity changed in the first 20 days due to the migration of particles (mainly &lt;0.6 mm) and then became stable; the stable value was close to the initial. Moreover, easy access and simple production processes made it easier to promote. Findings could be used as a guideline for implementation of bioretention systems and selection of locally available and effective filter material.
The blue-green path to urban flood resilience
Authors: O'Donnell Emily , Thorne Colin , Ahilan Sangaralingam , Arthur Scott , Birkinshaw Stephen , Butler David , Dawson David , Everett Glyn , Fenner Richard , Glenis Vassilis , Kapetas Leon , Kilsby Chris , Krivtsov Vladimir , Lamond Jessica , Maskrey Shaun , O'Donnell Greg , Potter Karen , Vercruysse Kim , Vilcan Tudorel , Wright Nigel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAchieving urban flood resilience at local, regional and national levels requires a transformative change in planning, design and implementation of urban water systems. Flood risk, wastewater and stormwater management should be re-envisaged and transformed to: ensure satisfactory service delivery under flood, normal and drought conditions, and enhance and extend the useful lives of ageing grey assets by supplementing them with multi-functional Blue-Green infrastructure. The aim of the multidisciplinary Urban Flood Resilience (UFR) research project, which launched in 2016 and comprises academics from nine UK institutions, is to investigate how transformative change may be possible through a whole systems approach. UFR research outputs to date are summarised under three themes. Theme 1 investigates how Blue-Green and Grey (BG + G) systems can be co-optimised to offer maximum flood risk reduction, continuous service delivery and multiple co-benefits. Theme 2 investigates the resource capacity of urban stormwater and evaluates the potential for interoperability. Theme 3 focuses on the interfaces between planners, developers, engineers and beneficiary communities and investigates citizens’ interactions with BG + G infrastructure. Focussing on retrofit and new build case studies, UFR research demonstrates how urban flood resilience may be achieved through changes in planning practice and policy to enable widespread uptake of BG + G infrastructure.
Proposição de uma escala de avaliação da qualidade de parques públicos verdes urbanos
Authors: Carvalho Ítalo Brener , Gosling Marlusa 
Published: December 2019

Áreas verdes urbanas são comumente avaliadas por duas perspectivas: a primeira aponta dimensões relacionadas com benefícios para os indivíduos e consequentemente para a população local e na segunda perspectiva relacionada com a atratividade turística com dimensões focadas em atrair investimento e renda para a população e para a cidade. Por meio de um aporte teórico fundamentado em marketing de serviços, este estudo propõe um avanço das escalas existentes como, por exemplo, a SERVIQUAL, SERVICESCAPE e a IQAVU. Com o objetivo de desenvolver uma escala para a avaliação da qualidade percebida pelos visitantes de parques verdes urbanos, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil. Este trabalho aponta indicadores de qualidade em áreas verdes urbanas sinalizados por usuários locais e/ou por turistas. Para alcançar o objetivo foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, à 17 vistas sistemáticas aos parques na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Os dados obtidos, de caráter exploratório foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, atingiram a saturação ao numero de 77 entrevistas e forneceram o subsidio necessário para a elaboração de um segundo método. Caracterizado por um estudo do tipo survey, com uma coleta de 737 questionários estruturados, analisados por Analise Fatorial Exploratórios (AFE) para confirmar que a qualidade percebida é um construto multidimensional, composto por (1) Aspectos Tangíveis, (2) Facilidade Avaliações de Acesso, (3) Avaliação Segurança, (4) Avaliação Beleza, (5) Avaliação Propensão a Integração. A escala proposta é adequada para a avaliação da qualidade dos espaços verdes, contribuindo para ações que visem maior motivação de visita e satisfação de seus usuários.
Palavras-chave: Qualidade Percebida. Satisfação. Atitudes e Intenções. Comportamentais. Modelagem de Equações. Áreas Verdes Urbanas.
Neuroprotection with Natural Antioxidants and Nutraceuticals in the Context of Brain Cell Degeneration: The Epigenetic Connection
Authors: Carrera Iván , Martínez Olaia , Cacabelos Ramón 
Published: December 2019

:
Bioactive antioxidant agents present in selected plants are known to provide the first line of
biological defense against oxidative stress. In particular, soluble vitamin C, E, carotenoids and phenolic
compounds have demonstrated crucial biological effects in cells against oxidative damage, preventing
prevalent chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The reported wide range
of effects that included anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity were
studied against degenerative pathologies of the brain. Vitamins and different phytochemicals are important
epigenetic modifiers that prevent neurodegeneration. In order to explore the potential antioxidant
sources in functional foods and nutraceuticals against neurodegeneration, the present paper aims to show
a comprehensive assessment of antioxidant activity at chemical and cellular levels. The effects of the
different bioactive compounds available and their antioxidant activity through an epigenetic point of
view are also discussed.
Neurotransmitters and Behavioral Alterations Induced by Nickel Exposure
Authors: Martínez-Martínez María I. , Muñoz-Fambuena Isabel , Cauli Omar 
Published: December 2019

Background::Nickel ions (Ni2+) are a heavy metal with wide industrial uses. Environmental and occupational exposures to Ni are potential risk factors for brain dysfunction and behavioral and neurological symptoms in humans.Methods:We reviewed the current evidence about neurochemical and behavioral alterations associated with Ni exposure in laboratory animals and humans.Results:Ni2+ exposure can alter (both inhibition and stimulation) dopamine release and inhibit glutamate NMDA receptors. Few reports claim an effect of Ni2+at the level of GBA and serotonin neurotransmission. At behavioral levels, exposure to Ni2+in rodents alters motor activity, learning and memory as well as anxiety and depressive-like symptoms. However, no analysis of the dose-dependent relationship has been carried out regarding these effects and the levels of the Ni2+in the brain, in blood or urine.Conclusion:Further research is needed to correlate the concentration of Ni2+ in biological fluids with specific symptoms/deficits. Future studies addressing the impact of Ni2+ under environmental or occupational exposure should consider the administration protocols to find Ni2+levels similar in the general population or occupationally exposed workers.