bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with hypertension in Bhutan: findings from the National Health Survey
Authors: Dendup Tashi , Tshering Pandup , Dorji Tandin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study examined the risk factors associated with hypertension in Bhutan.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional data of 30,889 adults from the National Health Survey of Bhutan was used in this study. Multivariable regression accounting for the complex survey design was performed to identify the risk factors. The backward elimination approach was applied in the multivariable analysis.FindingsThe prevalence of hypertension was 17%. Increasing age, being female, being previously married, higher wealth status, past alcohol use, having diabetes, loneliness, health service use and low vegetable intake was associated with increased hypertension risk, whereas, higher education level, being employed and residing in the eastern region was associated with reduced risk. Age, gender, education, wealth status, diabetes status, loneliness and health service use were common factors in all the regions. Marital status and vegetable intake were associated with hypertension in the western and central regions, and alcohol use in the eastern and central regions.Originality/valueAffecting around one-sixth of the population, hypertension is a significant public health problem in Bhutan. Interventions to improve health education and access, motivate healthy lifestyles, and reduce harmful alcohol use, and strategies to create health-promoting social and built environments are needed to curb the hypertension epidemic and its consequences.
The role of leadership and engagement in call center performance: answering the call in Peru
Authors: Gabel Shemueli Rachel , Sully de Luque Mary F. , Bahamonde Danae 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo examine the effects of leadership style on in-role performance through feedback seeking behavior (FSB) and engagement using the job demands resource theory (JD-R).Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 152 employees working in a Peruvian call center. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsTransformational leadership was significantly related to in-role performance, with FSB and engagement sequentially mediating the relationship.Originality/valueThis study highlights the motivational processes that can lead to employee engagement and performance within a call center and identifies the contribution of feedback seeking within this environment.
How exploitative leadership influences employee innovative behavior: the mediating role of relational attachment and moderating role of high-performance work systems
Authors: Wang Zhining , Sun Chuanwei , Cai Shaohan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between exploitative leadership and employee innovative behavior and explore the mediating role of relational attachment and the moderating role of high-performance work systems (HPWSs).Design/methodology/approachThis research collected data from 374 employees and their direct supervisors in 75 teams and tested a cross-level moderated mediation model using multilevel path analysis.FindingsThe results suggest that (1) exploitative leadership has a negative impact on employee innovative behavior; (2) relational attachment mediates the relationship between exploitative leadership and employee innovative behavior; (3) HPWS positively moderates the relationship between exploitative leadership and relational attachment and (4) HPWS moderates the mediating mechanism from exploitative leadership to employee innovative behavior.Practical implicationsThe empirical findings suggest that organizations should make efforts to prevent exploitative leadership. Moreover, managers should pay attention to the important role of relational attachment in promoting employee innovative behavior and realize the role of HPWSs in facilitating the negative effects of exploitative leadership.Originality/valueThis research identifies relational attachment as a key mediator that links exploitative leadership to innovative behavior and reveals the role of HPWSs in strengthening the negative effects of exploitative leadership on employee innovative behavior.
Feel free to use my personal data: an experiment on disclosure behavior when shopping online
Authors: Gómez-Barroso José Luis 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe goal of the article is twofold: to determine the effectiveness of monetary incentives for disclosing personal information and to confirm the existence of a “bite the bullet” effect whereby people more easily accept providing personal data if they become aware of the requirement when the purchasing decision is almost taken.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment in which participants made a real purchase on the AliExpress marketplace was carried out. They were asked to login either via the Facebook button or by creating a username and password. A different reimbursement of the price paid for their purchase was offered in each case. This information was presented either at the beginning of the purchasing process or just before completing the purchase order.FindingsThe monetary incentive proved to work well. The “bite the bullet” effect could not be assessed because many participants willingly gave their data to the company even if they had decided not to buy anything.Practical implicationsFrom a managerial perspective, this is good news. This is a calamity from a policy perspective. More experiments carried out in real settings are needed as a first step for reconsidering public action.Social implicationsWhile people continue to publicly declare that they have privacy concerns, their behavior could not be further removed from such concerns.Originality/valueExperiment in a completely real setting, in which participants made a purchase using their own credit card.
Sensitivity and depth of investigation from Monte Carlo ensemble statistics
Authors: Bobe Christin , Keller Johannes , Vijver Ellen Van De 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTFor many geophysical measurements, such as direct current or electromagnetic induction methods, information fades away with depth. This has to be taken into account when interpreting models estimated from such measurements. For that reason, a measurement sensitivity analysis and determining the depth of investigation are standard steps during geophysical data processing. In deterministic gradient‐based inversion, the most used sensitivity measure, the differential sensitivity, is readily available since these inversions require the computation of Jacobian matrices. In contrast, differential sensitivity may not be readily available in Monte Carlo inversion methods, since these methods do not necessarily include a linearization of the forward problem. Instead, a prior ensemble is used to simulate an ensemble of forward responses. Then, the prior ensemble is updated according to Bayesian inference. We propose to use the covariance between the prior ensemble and the forward response ensemble for constructing sensitivity measures. In Monte Carlo approaches, the estimation of this covariance does not require additional computations of the forward model. Normalizing this covariance by the variance of the prior ensemble, one obtains a simplified regression coefficient. We investigate differences between this simplified regression coefficient and differential sensitivity using simple forward models. For linear forward models, the simplified regression coefficient is equal to differential sensitivity, except for the influences of the sampling error and of the correlation structure of the prior distribution. In the non‐linear case, the behaviour of the simplified regression coefficient as sensitivity measure is analysed for a simple non‐linear forward model and a frequency‐domain electromagnetic forward model. Differential sensitivity and the simplified regression coefficient are similar for prior intervals on which the forward model response is approximately linear. Differences between the two sensitivity measures increase with the degree of non‐linearity in the prior range. Additionally, we investigate the correlation between prior ensemble and forward response ensemble as sensitivity measure. Correlation yields a normalized version of the simplified regression coefficient. We propose to use this correlation and the simplified regression coefficient for determining depth of investigation in Monte Carlo inversions.
Achieving sustainable development goals through participatory forest management: Examples from South‐Eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Nath Tapan Kumar , Jashimuddin Mohammed , Inoue Makoto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForests managed through peoples' participation can help to achieve a number of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper, drawing data from four participatory forest management (PFM) projects in south‐eastern Bangladesh, explored: (a) the factors that influenced the outcomes of PFM; and (b) contribution of PFM towards achieving selected SDGs. The research used observation, semi‐structured household interviews, group discussions, vegetation survey and Ostromʼs design principles for data collection, Divergent forest conditions and factors in four PFM sites have had differential contribution to SDGs. Heterogeneity of user groups, insufficient coordination, absence of motivation, and land tenure conflicts had affected the attainment of SDGs. The PFM helped to achieve 9–11 SDGs comprising poverty reduction (Goal 1), improving food security (Goal 2), maintaining health and well‐being (Goal 3), enhancing childrensʼ education (Goal 4), fair access to jobs and committees (Goals 5 and 10), sources of clean drinking water (Goal 6), affordable energy for cooking (Goal 7), increased household economy (Goal 8), climate change through carbon sequestration (Goal 13), forest conservation (Goal 15), and partnerships with relevant institutions (Goal 16). In order to achieve SDGs, PFM could be viewed as an integral part of government development strategies, which needs sectoral coordination and integration of relevant policies.
Where biotic and abiotic stress responses converge: Common patterns in response to salinity and Plum pox virus infection in pea and peach plants
Authors: Hernández Jose A. , Diaz‐Vivancos Pedro , Acosta‐Motos José Ramón , Barba‐Espín Gregorio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerbaceous and woody plants display specific mechanisms allowing them to adapt and survive to a broad variety of environmental stresses. Nevertheless, all plant species share certain basic physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Under both abiotic and biotic challenges, the extent to which reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate relies on the antioxidative system, which is in charge to maintain cellular homeostasis and prevent ROS damage. Moreover, a tight control of ROS production is crucial so that they perform their signalling function. Thus, antioxidative metabolism and redox biology are key players in the physiological response to stress. However, little attention has been paid to the overlapping mechanisms and convergent pathways of antioxidant metabolism between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In the present review, the responses of an herbaceous plant (Pisum sativum L.) and a woody plant (Prunus persica L.) against two forms of stress—salinity and infection by Plum pox virus—were compared, placing emphasis on common response patterns. This information may serve to devise agronomic approaches conferring stress tolerance to many economically relevant crops.
Non‐sedation—Does it improve health‐related quality of life after critical illness? A 3‐month follow‐up sub‐study of the NONSEDA trial
Authors: Olsen Hanne T. , Nedergaard Helene K. , Hough Catherine L. , Korkmaz Serkan , Jensen Hanne I. , Strøm Thomas , Toft Palle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness is associated with severely impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) for years following discharge. The NONSEDA trial was a multicenter randomized trial on non‐sedation versus sedation with a daily wake‐up trial in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients in Scandinavia. The aim of this sub‐study was to assess the effect of non‐sedation on HRQoL and degree of independence in activities in daily living (ADL) 3 months post‐ICU.MethodsAll survivors were asked to complete the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 36 questionnaire (SF‐36) and the Barthel Index 3 months post‐ICU. To limit missing data, reminders were sent. If unsuccessful, telephone interviews could be used. Outcomes were the level of HRQoL and ADL‐function in each group. All outcomes were assessed blinded.ResultsOf the 700 patients included 412 survived to follow‐up. A total of 344 survivors participated (82%). Baseline data were equal between the two groups. Mean SF‐36 scores for the non‐sedated vs sedated patients were as follows: Physical Function 45 vs 40, P = .69, Bodily Pain: 61 vs 52, P = .81, General Health: 50 vs 50, P = .84, Vitality: 42 vs 44, P = .85, Social Function: 75 vs 63, P = .85, Role Emotional: 58 vs 50, P = .82, Mental Health: 70 vs 70, P = .89, Role Physical: 25 vs 28, P = .32, Physical Component Score: 38 vs 37, P = .81, Mental Component Score: 48 vs 46, P = .94, Barthel Index: 20 vs 20, P = .74.ConclusionRandomization to non‐sedation neither improved nor impaired health‐related quality of life or degree of independence in activities in daily living 3 months post‐ICU discharge.
Impact of surgical staging for aggressive histology rectal cancers: a retrospective review
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Nekkanti Sri Siddhartha , Rohila Jitender , Patel Swapnil , Sukumar Vivek , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and signet ring adenocarcinomas are aggressive histological subtypes of rectal cancer with a high incidence of occult peritoneal metastasis.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of aggressive histology of rectal cancer patients who underwent pre‐treatment surgical staging as part of ovarian transposition or ostomy creation for diversion at a single tertiary cancer centre between January 2014 and December 2019.ResultsA total of 117 patients underwent surgical staging and were deemed non‐metastatic on imaging. Surgical staging led to the detection of metastasis in 29.9% of patients. This led to modification in treatment protocol in 20.5% and change in intent of therapy in 15.4%. The majority (80%) was found to have peritoneal disease with peritoneal carcinomatosis index <17. Only T4 disease predicted the presence of metastasis on surgical staging with an odds ratio of 2.69 (P = 0.035).ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients with aggressive histology rectal cancers are upstaged after surgical staging. Further investigation of this tool for staging is warranted.
Two different treatment regimens of ranibizumab 0.5 mg for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration with or without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Chinese patients: results from the Phase IV, randomized, DRAGON study
Authors: Li Xiaoxin , Zhu Qi , Egger Anna , Chang Liu , Wolf Sebastian , Song Yanping , Zhang Junjun , Dong Fangtian , Xu Xun , Weisberger Annemarie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly and pro re nata (PRN, guided by visual acuity stabilization and disease activity criteria) ranibizumab regimens in Chinese patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).MethodsThis double‐masked study randomized nAMD patients (1:1) to ranibizumab monthly from baseline to Month (M) 11 to a PRN regimen from M12 to M23 (monthly group, n = 167) versus ranibizumab three monthly doses followed by a PRN regimen up to M23 (PRN group, n = 166). Subgroups were assessed based on the presence/absence of PCV (indicated by indocyanine green angiography).ResultsOf 334 randomized patients, 41.7% had PCV at baseline. Mean average best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from M3 to M4 through M12 was 3.3 letters with monthly and 1.7 letters with PRN (mean difference: 1.6; 95% CI: −2.95, −0.20, primary end‐point). Mean change in BCVA from baseline (monthly/PRN, 53.8/53.7) to M12 and M24 was 12.3 and 11.3 letters in monthly and 9.6 and 9.3 letters in PRN group. Corresponding values for patients with PCV/without PCV were 12.7/12.1 letters (M12) and 12.3/10.6 letters (M24) in monthly and 9.4/9.4 letters (M12) and 9.7/8.7 letters (M24) in PRN groups. The mean number of injections was 11.4 (monthly) and 8.2 (PRN) from Day 1 to M11 and 4.8 (monthly) and 5.0 (PRN) from M12 to M23. No new safety findings were reported.ConclusionsThe study results support the use of either ranibizumab monthly or PRN regimens in Chinese patients with nAMD, regardless of presence of PCV.
Defining the surgical footprint in cataract surgery: patient‐related outcomes dependent on the experience of the surgeon
Authors: Jacobsen Mads F. , Holm Lars M. , Erichsen Jesper H. , Konge Lars , Siersma Volkert , la Cour Morten , Thomsen Ann Sofia S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate which patient‐related outcomes are dependent on the experience of the cataract surgeon.MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective observational study. Novice (<150 surgeries performed) and experienced (>1000 surgeries performed) cataract surgeons from the Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup and Nordsjællands Hospital – Hillerød were included in the study. Patients operated by the included surgeons were examined preoperatively, 1 day, 3 days, and 3 weeks after standard, noncomplicated cataract surgery. Primary outcomes were change in central corneal thickness and endothelial cell loss. Secondary outcomes were best‐corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, aqueous flare, central macular thickness, and surgical complications.ResultsSurgery performed by novice surgeons resulted in significantly lower visual acuity (mean −3.6 letters (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)); 95% CI: −7.3; −0.4, p = 0.03) and greater corneal thickness (mean 26.7 µm; 95% CI: 6.8; 46.6, p = 0.01) on the first day postoperative than surgery performed by experienced surgeons.ConclusionThe experience of the cataract surgeon affected visual acuity and central corneal thickness in the immediate postoperative period. In the future, these patient‐related outcomes may be used to assess the technical proficiency of surgical trainees and investigate the effect of different training programs.
Prader‐Willi Syndrome in children: Quality of life and caregiver burden
Authors: Meade Christina , Martin Ruth , McCrann Ann , Lyons Jacqueline , Meehan Judith , Hoey Hilary , Roche Edna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrader‐Willi syndrome is a complex condition requiring constant care and supervision of the affected child.AimTo evaluate quality of life and caregiver burden in children with Prader‐Willi syndrome.MethodsAll children with Prader‐Willi syndrome, attending a tertiary referral centre, were invited to participate (n = 44). Quality of life was evaluated using the PedsQL questionnaire. Family impact modules and parent proxy reports evaluated the impact on the quality of life of the child and family. Additional challenges were captured using a burden questionnaire.ResultsNineteen children participated. Median age was 7.9 years (0.6–18.1 years). Majority were female (n = 14, 74%). Median age at diagnosis was 2.5 weeks (range birth–2 years 8 months). Growth hormone treatment was in place for the majority (n = 14, 74%). Increased weight and age were identified as significantly impacting on family functioning and relationships. Parents perceived increased weight and age to have a significant negative impact on their child's psychosocial health and social functioning.Caregivers of children >12 years reported an increased burden of care. Disruption to routines, restriction of social activities and psychological difficulties were reported as increasing caregiver burden.ConclusionPrader‐Willi syndrome impacts significantly on quality of life for both the affected child and the family.
Hydrolysed formula, delayed food introduction and fatty acids for atopic dermatitis prevention in infancy
Authors: Golpanian Rachel Shireen , Aickara Divya J. , Bellodi Schmidt Fernanda , Smith Peter K. , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe role of nutrition in preventing atopic diseases including atopic dermatitis has recently gained interest in the medical community. Caregivers of infants and children at an increased risk for developing atopic dermatitis often employ exclusion diets or other measures in hopes of preventing the development of this burdensome disease. This paper reviews the current literature in regard to the role of preventative dietary measures in the context of atopic dermatitis, with a special focus on the topics of hydrolysed formula, early vs. delayed introduction of certain foods and fatty acid supplementation.MethodsLiterature pertaining to preventative dietary measures for infants at risk for atopic dermatitis was reviewed.ResultsAnalysis of the literature suggests that hydrolysed formula should not be routinely offered to infants for prevention of atopic dermatitis. Formulas utilised should contain concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to that in breast milk. Finally, infant caregivers should not delay or restrict introduction of food, which can be more harmful than helpful to the patient.ConclusionRecommendations to caretakers providing for infants at risk for atopic dermatitis should include infant consumption of breast milk and avoid delayed introduction of foods.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies
Authors: Lee Jian Lynn , Mohd Saffian Shamin , Makmor‐Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida , Alias Hamidah , Noh Lokman Mohd , Ismail Intan Hakimah , Mohamed Shah Noraida 
Published: December 2020

AimsThere is considerable interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG), causing difficulty in optimizing individual dosage regimen. This study aims to estimate the population PK parameters of IVIG and to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism of the FcRn gene and clinical variability on the PK of IVIG in patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies.MethodsPatients were recruited from four hospitals. Clinical data were recorded and blood samples were taken for PK and genetic studies. Population PK parameters were estimated by nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling in Monolix®. Models were evaluated using the difference in objective function value, goodness‐of‐fit plots, visual predictive check and bootstrap analysis. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate different dosing regimens for IVIG.ResultsA total of 30 blood samples were analysed from 10 patients. The immunoglobulin G concentration data were best described by a one‐compartment model with linear elimination. The final model included both volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL) based on patient's individual weight. Goodness‐of‐fit plots indicated that the model fit the data adequately, with minor model mis‐specification. Genetic polymorphism of the FcRn gene and the presence of bronchiectasis did not affect the PK of IVIG. Simulation showed that 3–4‐weekly dosing intervals were sufficient to maintain IgG levels of 5 g L−1, with more frequent intervals needed to achieve higher trough levels.ConclusionsBody weight significantly affects the PK parameters of IVIG. Genetic and other clinical factors investigated did not affect the disposition of IVIG.