bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of anaerobic bacteremia in adult patients: A never-ending story?
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Urbán Edit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObligate anaerobic bacteria are considered important constituents of the microbiota of humans; in addition, they are also important etiological agents in some focal or invasive infections and bacteremia with a high level of mortality. Conflicting data have accumulated over the last decades regarding the extent in which these pathogens play an intrinsic role in bloodstream infections. Clinical characteristics of anaerobic bloodstream infections do not differ from bacteremia caused by other pathogens, but due to their longer generation time and rigorous growth requirements, it usually takes longer to establish the etiological diagnosis. The introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has represented a technological revolution in microbiological diagnostics, which has allowed for the fast, accurate and reliable identification of anaerobic bacteria at a low sample cost. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the currently available literature data on the prevalence of anaerobic bacteremia in adults for physicians and clinical microbiologists and to shed some light on the complexity of this topic nowadays.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA TERINTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKATIF
Authors: Erika Cicilia Nian 
Published: June 2020

The research and development of Indonesian textbooks is very important especially for the textbook which integrates character education using communicative approach. Many textbooks have been published, but they are often only for reference in assignments and exercises. The existing textbooks do not fully use text that is a genre in learning Indonesian, namely the pedagogic genre. This research aims to produce forms of competence, material forms, forms of tasks, and forms of assessment in the development of Indonesian Language and Literature textbooks integrated with character education based on communicative approaches for junior high school. The method used was research and development with reference to the Borg and Gall model. The showed that learning devices, teaching books, are feasible to implement. In addition, practitioners' assessment of the implementation of this textbook is 3,526 categories "Good". Likewise, the assessment of students in the three aspects occupies the highest category of Good. Therefore, the development of the Indonesian Language and Literature textbook can already be said to be feasible to use for the teachers and the students of Junior High School, especially for SMP Pangudi Luhur 1 in Yogyakarta.
The role of the ultrasound examination of the brachial plexus in thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Druzhinin D. S. , Nikitin S. S. , Boriskina L. M. , Druzhinina E. S. , Novikov M. L. , Eliseeva A. A. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction.Difficulties in determining the compression of the neurovascular bundle with the thoracic outlet syndrome raises the question of finding an accessible and reproducible method for the neuroimaging of the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues.Purpose of the study– to develop an ultrasound diagnostic algorithm using a stress test to determine the level and cause of brachial plexus compression in comparison with the results of a clinical assessment.Materials and methods.111 patients with verified compression of the brachial plexus at the level of the interstitial (65.7 %) and bone-clavicular space (21.6 %), as well as the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle (12.6 %) were examined. The study protocol including the Adson ultrasound stress test, the assessment of the lower trunk in the interstitial space, and the test with ultrasound evaluation of the axillary artery at the level of the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle with passive abduction of the arm back and up was used.Conclusion.An ultrasound study of the brachial plexus demonstrated informativeness in assessing the level and possible cause of compression, which opens up the possibility of using the method in routine neurological practice.
Diagnostic capabilities of transcranial magnetic stimulation to predict motor recovery after a stroke
Authors: Nazarova M. A. , Novikov P. A. , Nikulin V. V. , Ivanova G. E. 
Published: June 2020

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a method of focal non-invasive brain stimulation, characterized by high spatial and temporal resolution. To date, diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used in clinical practice primarily to assess an involvement of the upper motor neurons and to measure the velocity of the neuronal impulse propagation. However, in the last 10 years, a possible range of transcranial magnetic stimulation diagnostic applications has significantly expanded. Many transcranial magnetic stimulation approaches are coming from scientific laboratories to clinical practice due to an increased availability of transcranial magnetic stimulation equipment, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging navigation for transcranial magnetic stimulation and a combination of the transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and also due to an increased awareness of the clinicians. The diagnostic potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation in relation to motor recovery after a stroke can be classified into 4 directions:1) assessment of the vertical tracts integrity (primarily, the cortico-spinal tract); 2) an assessment of the cortical excitation-inhibition balance;3) probing of the functional and effective connectivity among brain regions (primarily, cortical convexity and cerebellum);4) motor mapping to evaluate cortical reorganization.In this article we will present these 4 directions of the transcranial magnetic stimulation application to study motor system pathophysiology and to predict motor outcome in stroke, including both existing and developing approaches.
Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in alcohol and tobacco users in slums of Jammu city
Authors: Sumbria Deepshikha , Hamid Waqar Ul , Yousuf Aamir , Ahmad Rauf 
Published: June 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There is a range of negative consequences on the oral mucosa caused by the tobacco and alcohol from inceptive light mucosal changes to a full-blown malignancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of oral lesions resulting from the habits of addiction and prevalence of oral soft tissues changes with alcohol consumption, smoking, chewing and both type habits in individual residing in slums.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in the slums of Jammu city. A questionnaire was used to obtain the information on substance abuse habits followed by oral clinical examination in selected population of 1200 individuals &gt;15 years of age. The data collected were statistically analysed using chi-square test. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 1200 study population, 816 were males and 384 were females and 72% were addicted to one or the other form of tobacco and alcohol. 32.6% showed oral mucosal changes, out of these, smoker’s melanosis was found in 10.4%, leukoplakia in 9.1%, oral submucus fibrosis in 6.6%, oral lichen planus in 2.8%, chewer’s mucosa in 2%, lichenoid oral lesion in 1.2%, erythroplakia in 0.5%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The increased production and use of tobacco in India have led to increased prevalence of oral mucosal lesions. Community preventive and control programmes should be aimed at high risk individuals based on the epidemiological data gathered through such studies to reduce the burden of illness caused due to substance abuse.</p>
Dividend Policy, Personal Taxes and Optimal Capital Structure
Authors: Liu Sheen , Xie Yan Alice 
Published: June 2020

<p>This paper puts forward a capital structure model that incorporates the impacts of dividend policy and personal taxes that are commonly ignored by the existing capital structure models. The results show that paying dividends can reduce the tax benefits from issuing debts, which explains why existing capital structure models commonly overestimate leverage ratios. The results further show that as dividend payout increases, leverage ratios and credit spreads increase too. By incorporating the impacts of dividend policy and personal taxes, the capital structure model established in this paper can generate wide range of leverage ratios and credit spreads, which are consistent with what are observed in the real world.</p>
HUBUNGAN KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE DENGAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL REMAJA
Authors: Yusuf Ah , Krisnana Ilya , Ibrahim Achmad 
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Game online memberikan pengaruh besar pada penggunanya. Pengguna game online cenderung mangalami kecanduan (addiction) pada permainan yang disukainya, ditandai dengan bermain > 4-5 jam perhari, selalu memikirkan game online meskipun tidak bermain game, dan selalu mengutamakan bermain game online dari pada aktivitas yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecanduan game online dengan komunikasi interpersonal dan interaksi sosial remaja.Metode: Rancangan penelitian dengan pendekatan Cross-Sectional. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 210 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis spearman rho’s dengan derajat signifikansi α=0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal (p = 0,027 dan r = - 0,152), dan interaksi sosial (p = 0,000 dan r = 0,248 berhubungan dengan kecanduan game online.Kesimpulan: Kecanduan game online memiliki hubungan dengan komunikasi interpersonal, semakin tinggi kecanduan game online maka semakin rendah komunikasi interpersonal yang dihasilkan. Kecanduan game online memiliki hubungan dengan interaksi sosial, semakin tinggi kecanduan game online maka semakin rendah interaksi sosial yang dihasilkan. Introduction: Online games have a big influence on users. Users of online games tend to experience addiction in the game they like, marked by playing> 4-5 hours per day, always thinking of online games even if they don't play games, and always prioritize playing online games rather than other activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of online game addiction with interpersonal communication and social interaction in adolescents.Method: Research design with Cross-Sectional approach. The total sample is 210 respondents. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using spearman rho's analysis with a significance level of p <0.05.Results: The results showed that the one associated with online game addiction was interpersonal communication (p = 0.027 and r = - 0.152), and social interaction (p = 0,000 and r = 0.248).Conclusion: Online game addiction has a relationship with interpersonal communication, the higher the online game addiction, the lower the interpersonal communication produced. Addiction to online games has a relationship with social interaction, the higher the addiction to online games, the lower the social interaction produced.
PENGALAMAN MAHASISWA YANG MENJALANI LONG DISTANCE MARRIAGE (LDM) DI SURABAYA
Authors: Wakhidah Umi Widowati , Yusuf Ah. , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi 
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Long Distance Marriage (LDM) yang dijalani karena harus studi di luar wilayah dapat mengakibatkan gangguan stabilitas hubungan karena jarak secara fisik dan tekanan psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman mahasiswa yang menjalani LDM di Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.Metode: Desain penelitian ini kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologi, pengambilan data dengan melibatkan 16 partisipan yang sudah menikah dan menjalani LDM. Partisipan berasal dari satu universitas di Surabaya. Hasil interview yang dilakukan kemudian dianalisis secara tematik mengikuti kerangka kerja Braun & Clarke yang terdiri dari 6 tahapan antara lain: mengenali data, menginisialkan kode, mencari tema, meninjau tema, mendefinisikan tema dan nama tema, dan menghasilkan laporan.Hasil: Lima tema yang muncul kemudian digunakan untuk merefleksikan tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan, diantaranya, 1) persepsi pernikahan partisipan berdasarkan agama 2) bayangan pernikahan partisipan didapatkan dari pendidikan orang tua ketika masih kecil dan budaya, 3) pengalaman menjalani LDM, terdiri dari sumber pengalaman dan bentuk pengalaman 4) alasan menjalani LDM partisipan karena melanjutkan pendidikan 5) upaya mempertahankan hubungan pernikahan antara lain: keterbukaan, kepercayaan, dukungan sosial, dan strategi koping.Kesimpulan: Persepsi dan pandangan setiap partisipan tentang makna pernikahan berbeda- beda sesuai dengan latar belakang mereka. Pengalaman sebelumnya yang dimiliki penting bagi partisipan karena dengan pengalaman tersebut mereka dapat lebih siap untuk menghadapi masalah selama menjalani LDM. Tujuan dan harapan setiap partisipan melanjutkan pendidikan adalah untuk memperbaiki kehidupan mereka. Setiap partisipan memiliki keyakinan dan cara tersendiri untuk mempertahankan hubungan selama LDM. Hubungan pernikahan harus dijaga dan dipertahankan oleh kedua pasangan sehingga akan tercipta ketenangan dan kebahagiaan dalam masyarakat.
A responsabilização dos agentes políticos por atos de improbidade administrativa: uma resposta à cultura do “jeitinho brasileiro”
Authors: Veronese Osmar , Simch Mariane Ribeiro 
Published: June 2020

Este artigo versa sobre a possibilidade de responsabilização dos agentes políticos por atos de improbidade administrativa, sem que isso configure ofensa ao princípio do non bis in idem. Há entendimento, não pacífico na doutrina e suscetível de mudança no Supremo Tribunal Federal, de que aqueles agentes que respondem por fatos tipificados na Lei nº 1.079/1950, em razão do comando existente no art. 102 da Constituição Federal, não poderiam responder também pelas condutas descritas na Lei nº 8.429/1992, sob pena de haver dupla penalização pelo mesmo fato, com base na alegação de naturezas jurídicas idênticas das duas legislações, o que aos poucos está sendo superado. O intuito é sustentar exatamente o inverso, ou seja, que tecnicamente é possível (e necessário) a aplicação de ambos os diplomas legais, e que o esvaziamento da lei de improbidade em relação aos fatos e aos agentes que mais necessitam reprimenda, talvez encontra eco na cultura do “jeitinho brasileiro”, de raízes coloniais, com mistura dos espaços públicos e privados. Na realização do presente trabalho, foi utilizada a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica em uma abordagem qualitativa, abrangendo leitura de doutrinas, teses, artigos e jurisprudência.
Contribución del cooperativismo colombiano al crecimiento económico por habitante en el periodo 2003-2016
Authors: Alarcón-Conde Miguel Ángel , Álvarez Juan Fernando 
Published: June 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg
En este artículo se exponen las estimaciones sobre el peso absoluto y relativo que tiene el cooperativismo en las principales magnitudes agregadas de la economía colombiana. Con estas estimaciones se hace posible descomponer el producto interno bruto y su crecimiento en Colombia incrustando los factores del cooperativismo oportunos. Lo anterior se ha tratado en dos series de tiempo: por una parte, en la serie temporal 2003-2010, periodo de crecimiento del cooperativismo, y, por otra, en la serie 2010-2016, periodo de desaceleración en las grandes cifras cooperativas que, en buena parte, vienen a ser consecuencia de la liquidación e intervención de entidades cooperativas en el país. Para lograr el objetivo de estimar el peso absoluto y relativo que tiene el cooperativismo, se realiza un cuidadoso levantamiento y un procesamiento de la información contable que las cooperativas colombianas reportan a la Confederación de Cooperativas de Colombia o Confecoop, junto con información similar de la Superintendencia de Economía Solidaria y las distintas superintendencias. El artículo concluye que el cooperativismo se ha fortalecido y ha contribuido al crecimiento del estándar material de vida de los colombianos en el periodo bajo estudio. De forma paralela, su valor añadido bruto sobre el total nacional se reduce más que proporcionalmente con respecto a lo que lo hizo su emisión de transferencias sociales en especie ampliadas, lo que demuestra la orientación funcional al beneficio común y al interés general desde una propuesta del institucionalismo económico contemporáneo.
Hard Times in Canadian Oil Could Be Useful Experience
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Combine a pandemic, plunging oil demand and prices, and a deep recession, and then consider how it may change things.
It is not a question Steve MacDonald can answer, but the chief executive officer for Emissions Reduction Alberta (ERA) said it can be a useful way to get people to consider how things can change in un expected ways.
“If you said to someone 4 months ago that oil could go to negative prices, they would say, it’s not going to happen. The range of what could happen is much wider now,” he said.
A recent decision by the $1-trillion Norwegian Wealth Fund to exclude four major oil sands companies saying they have “unacceptably high greenhouse emissions” shows the need for change.
The headlines in Canada have been harsh - the rising death toll from COVID-19, oil prices flirting with zero, job cuts, and the slow and unpredictable timeline to normal life.
“Everything you’re hearing is true. It’s bad,” said Darcy Spady, but the 2018 SPE president is quick to add, “I see a ray of sunshine.”
There is a connection between the bright and the dark sides, and it is forcing leaders from both inside and outside the industry to take a hard look at what works and what does not.
“The pandemic has merely accelerated the disruption that was already occurring in Canada’s oil and gas sector,” wrote Kevin Krausert, the president and chief executive officer of Beaver Drilling, in an essay in a national newspaper, The Globe and Mail.
The essay addressed a long-term future in which the industry undergoes fundamental changes, ranging from research into ways to make hydrogen fuel from gas to drillers digging geothermal wells to provide renewable energy.
But at the moment, it is difficult to get the attention of decision makers about the future.
“It is hard to focus on anything but the here and now. Where the next dollar is coming from rather than from 3-10 years from now,” said Mark Scholz, president of the Canadian Association of Drilling Contractors.
Staying Alive
The dramatic drop in oil demand and prices can kill jobs, companies, and ideas.
MacDonald sees that threat firsthand. “Liquidity is an issue for everybody, cash flow has been a challenge, the ability to secure investors,” are all issues now affecting those trying to scale up promising ideas.
Soon after the economic impact of the sweeping limits that were imposed to slow the spread of COVID-19 became apparent, Emissions Reduction Alberta (ERA) changed its policy to allow increases in progress payments to companies during this period when cash is hard to come by and when some lenders are delaying the release of loan funds, MacDonald said.
By reducing the amount of money held back from progress payments, ERA expects to provide 74 companies with $10 million more in cash in the near term.
The payments may help client companies pay some bills at a time when they are struggling to line up funding and customers for the large-scale tests needed to prove ideas that worked on a smaller scale.
Two Nucleoporin98 homologous genes jointly participate in the regulation of starch degradation to repress senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xiao Long , Jiang Shanshan , Huang Penghui , Chen Fulu , Wang Xu , Cheng Zhiyuan , Miao Yuchen , Liu Liangyu , Searle Iain , Liu Chunyan , Wu Xiaoxia , Fu Yong-Fu , Chen Qingshan , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Starch is synthesized during the day for temporary storage in leaves and then degraded during the subsequent night to support plant growth and development. Impairment of starch degradation leads to stunted growth, even senescence and death. The nuclear pore complex is involved in many cellular processes, but its relationship with starch degradation is unclear until now. We previously identified that two Nucleoporin98 (Nup98) genes (Nup98a and Nup98b) redundantly regulate flowering through CONSTANS (CO) independent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant also shows severe senescence phenotypes. Results: We find that Nucleoporin 98 (Nup98) participates in the regulation of sugar metabolism in leaves and in turn involves in senescence regulation in Arabidopsis. We show that Nup98a and Nup98b redundantly function in the different steps of starch degradation and the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant accumulates more starch than wild type plants and has a severe early senescence phenotype compared to wild type plants. The expression of marker genes related to starch degradation is impaired in the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant, and marker genes of carbon starvation and senescence express earlier and in higher abundance in the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant than in wild type plants, suggesting that abnormality of energy metabolism is the main cause of senescence of the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant. Addition of sucrose to the growth medium rescues early senescence phenotypes of the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 mutant. Conclusions: Our results provide a line of evidence on a novel role of the nuclear pore complex in energy metabolism related to growth and development, in which Nup98 functions in starch degradation conferring growth regulation in Arabidopsis.
Small Auxin Up RNAs influence the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid and play a potential role in increasing seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb.
Authors: Huang Zhiheng , Bao Ke , Jin Zonghui , Wang Qian , Duan Huifang , Zhu Yayin , Zhang Sen , Wu Qinan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Aquatic Euryale ferox Salisb. is an economically important crop in China and India. Unfortunately, low yield limitations seriously hinder market growth. Unveiling the control of seed size is of remarkable importance in improvement of crops. Here, we generated a new hybrid line (HL) with larger seeds by crossing South Gordon Euryale and North Gordon Euryale (WT) which hasn’t been reported before. However, the functional genes and molecular mechanisms controlling the seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the differentially expressed genes in the auxin signal transduction pathway during fruit development between HL and WT to explore candidate regulatory genes participated in regulating seed size.Results: Both concentration and localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at two growth stages of fruits of WT and HL were detected by LC-MS and immunofluorescence. Although IAA content between the two lines did not differ, IAA distribution was significantly different. To elucidate the mechanism and to seek the key genes underlying this difference, RNA-seq was performed on young fruits at the two selected growth stages, and differentially expressed genes related to the auxin transduction pathway were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: Hybrid Euryale ferox Salisb. expressed significant heterosis, resulting in non-prickly, thin-coated, large seeds, which accounted for the significantly larger yield of HL than that of WT. Our study indicated that Small Auxin Up RNAs (SAURs) -mediated localization of IAA regulates seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. We found that some SAURs may act as a positive mediator of the auxin transduction pathway, thereby contributing to the observed heterosis.