bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact&nbsp;of&nbsp;Probiotic&nbsp;B. Infantis&nbsp;EVC001&nbsp;Feeding in Premature Infants on the Gut Microbiome, Nosocomially Acquired Antibiotic Resistance, and Enteric Inflammation
Authors: Nguyen Marielle , Holdbrooks Heaven , Mishra Prasanthi , Abrantes Maria , Eskew Sherri , Garma MariaJamiela , Oca Cyr-Geraurd , McGuckin Carrie , Hein Cynthia , Mitchell Ryan , Kazi Sufyan , Chew Stephanie , Casaburi Giorgio , Brown Heather , Frese Steve , Henrick Bethany Michele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPreterm birth is a major determinant of neonatal survival and morbidity, but the gut microbiome and associated enteric inflammation are also key factors in neonatal development and the risk of associated morbidities. We prospectively and longitudinally followed two cohorts of preterm infants, one of which was fed Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) EVC001 daily, and the other was not fed a probiotic. Hospital feeding protocol assigned all infants born at less than 1500g and/or 34 weeks corrected gestational age to the probiotic feeding protocol, whereas infants born at > 1500g and/or 34 weeks corrected gestational age were not fed a probiotic. Fecal samples collected opportunistically (approximately 2 samples per week) throughout the hospital stay were analyzed from 292 samples collected from 77 infants. Fecal samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing and quantification of enteric inflammation markers. We also collected de-identified metadata from patient medical records.ResultsThe gut microbiome of preterm infants was typified by a high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and/or Staphylococcaceae and multivariate modeling identified the probiotic intervention, rather than degree of prematurity, day of life, or other clinical interventions as the primary source of change in the gut microbiome. Among infants fed B. infantis EVC001, a high abundance of total Bifidobacteriaceae developed rapidly, the majority of which was B. infantis confirmed via subspecies-specific qPCR. Associated with this higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, we found increased functional capacity for utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as well as reduced abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the taxa that harbored them. Importantly, we found that infants fed B. infantis EVC001 experienced diminished enteric inflammation, even when other clinical variables were accounted for using multivariate modeling.ConclusionThese results provide an important observational background for probiotic use in a NICU setting, and describe the clinical, physiological, and microbiome-associated improvements in preterm infants associated with B. infantis EVC001 feeding.
Identifying the Dynamic Pattern and Influencing Factors of Influenza in Northwest China from 2013 to 2020, Based on Dynamic Regression Model and Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Du Jiancai , Li Jiangping , Zhang Yajuan , Wen Jing , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Influenza remains a serious global public health problem and a substantial economic burden. The dynamic pattern of influenza differs considerably among geographic and climatological areas, however, the factors underlying these differences are still uncertain. The aim of this paper is to characterize the dynamic pattern of influenza and its potential influencing factors in Northwest China. Methods: Influenza cases in Ningxia China from Nov. 2013 to Jun. 2020 were served as influenza proxy. Firstly, the baseline seasonal ARIMA model of influenza cases and seasonal pattern were analyzed. Then, the dynamic regression model was used to identifying the potential influencing factors of influenza. In addition, the wavelet analysis was further used to explore the coherence between influenza cases and these significant influencing factors.Results: The high risk periods of influenza in Ningxia presented a winter cycle outbreaks pattern and the fastigium came in January. The seasonal ARIMA(0,0,1)(1,1,0)12 was the optimal baseline forecast model. The dynamic regression models and wavelet analysis indicated that PM2.5 and public awareness are significantly positively associated with influenza, as well as minimum temperature is negatively associated. Conclusion: Meteorological (minimum temperature), pollution (PM2.5) and social (public awareness) factors may significantly associated with influenza in Northwest China. Decreasing PM2.5 concentration or increasing the public awareness prior to the fastigium of influenza may be the serviceable methods to reduce the disease risk of influenza, which have an important implication for policy-makers to choose an optimal time for influenza prevention campaign.
Evaluation of gene mutations in resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran - a 2-year study
Authors: Alikhani Ahmad , Amini Elnaz , Arabi Mohsen , Goli Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the significant prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in northern Iran, we aimed to investigate the gene mutations in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary TB patients in these provinces of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sputum of patients with suspected tuberculosis were evaluated in the central TB laboratory of Golestan in a period of two years from 2017 to 2019. After growing the isolates on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, the antibiotic-resistant cases identified using the resistance ratio method. Then, the DNAs of the resistant isolates were extracted manually by the CTAB-Proteinase K method and investigated for gene mutations using PCR test and sequencing.Results: The mean age of 26 patients was 52 years, while smoking, addiction, and diabetes were more common risk factors. However, 4 isolates (15.38%) were resistant to antibiotics, while one (3.84%) of them was resistant to rifampin, and two isolates (7.69%) were resistant against isoniazid, whereas one other isolate (3.84%) exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. The MDR isolate had a mutation in codon 315 of the KatG gene resulting in the conversion of serine to threonine, and a mutation in the codon 450 of the rpoB gene, causing the alteration of serine to leucine. In the rifampin-resistant isolate, a mutation occurred at the same site converting serine to leucine. Conclusions: The low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in this study indicates the appropriate treatment of the patients in this area, however, the prevalence of resistance to isoniazid was higher than rifampin. The more important point was that the single MDR isolate was identified in Mazandaran province.
Prevalence of UL97 gene mutations in cytomegalovirus reactivation in the colon associated with or without ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tamura Satoshi , Osawa Satoshi , Ishida Natsuki , Miyazu Takahiro , Suzuki Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Hamaya Yasushi , Kosugi Isao , Furuta Takahisa , Miyajima Hiroaki , Sugimoto Ken 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in the colon is common in patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and in immunocompromised patients, and may be associated with poor prognosis. Ganciclovir (GCV) resistance conferring CMV UL97 gene mutations have been reported in recent years. However, the prevalence of UL97 gene mutations in GCV-naive CMV colitis remains to date unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CMV UL97 gene mutations in Japanese patients with colonic CMV infection associated with or without UC.Methods: Twenty-two GCV-naive patients with colonic CMV infection, 15 with UC and 7 with other diseases, were enrolled. Frozen biopsy samples or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were used for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the UL97 gene. Sanger DNA sequencing of the PCR products was performed.Results: UL97 mutations were frequently detected in codons T75A (95.5%), Q126L (86.4%), and D605E (86.4%), and less frequently (<10%) in L228P, D263G, A53S, R137C, A140V, G188S, A674T, and T675A. However, no known GCV resistance mutations were found. There was no significant difference between the ratio of mutations in patients with and without UC.Conclusions: We did not detect UL97 gene mutations associated with GCV resistance in GCV-naive patients with or without UC. In contrast, T75A, Q126L, and D605E mutations may be used as genetic markers for CMV in East Asian countries.
Surface Functionalization of Thermoset Composite for Infrared Hybrid Welding
Authors: PERRIN Henri , Mertz Grégory , Senoussaoui Noha-Lys , Borghini Loïc , Klein Sébastien , Vaudemont Régis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fusion assembly is a highly promising technique to join thermoplas- tic to thermoset composites, enabling the use of both the most affordable com- posite material and process for each sub structure.Yet, some major challenges need to be pull through such as the functionalizing of the thermoset compos- ite surface by co-curing an appropriate thermoplastic interlayer or realizing a fast and robust welding process that fulfils all quality and mechanical require- ments. In the present paper, we investigated the potential of Polyetherether- ketone (PEEK) and its amorphous (PEEK A) and semi-cristalline (PEEK SC) states as interlayer materials, co-cured onto the thermoset composite. A surface preparation by atmospheric plasma process demonstrated that both PEEK state materials can be used as interlayer with auspicious resulting ad- hesion properties. The influence of the plasma treatment on surface properties and morphology is also experimentally characterized. An infrared (IR) welding process, barely studied in the literature, is studied to assemble hybrid struc- tural composite. In order to avoid the expected thermal degradation of the thermoset matrix, a dissimilar infrared heating input power is proposed. More- over, to decrease the possible thermal degradation of the thermoset composites during the fusion bonding, a dissimilar infrared welding process have been ex- plored. Single lap shear test and failure mode analysis have been performed to highlight the promising performance of PEI as well as PEEK interlayer based hybrid joint.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of Satureja Edmondi Briq on Ameliorate Reproductive Parameters in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy Models in Rats
Authors: bohlouli somayeh , mahmoodi gelavij 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEpilepsy is one of the common neurological brain defects that causes unpredictable, recurrent seizures. It has adverse effects on the reproductive functions.Oxidative stress contributes to the evolution of epilepsy, including reduction of sperm count and motility,increase of abnormal sperm morphology, and low testosterone.Antioxidants are beneficial to spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Satureja edmondiBriq is known as a powerful antioxidant that can reduce the effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Satureja edmondion reproductive potential in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic male rats.MethodsIn this experimental study, 48 Wistar male rats with an average age of 10 weeks and weightof 240- 260g were used. Animals were randomized into normal and kindled groups that were treated with different doses of S.edmondi essential oil. Treatment of animals lasted 4 weeks. In the end, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sperm parameters were measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.ResultsThis study showed that all sperm parameters,including sperm count, sperm viability, and progressive sperm motility were increased and testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (FSH,LH) changes in the epileptic and normal groups were changed with an increase in the dose of S.edmondi essential oil. ConclutionsThe changes were significant in some parameters. S.edmondi as a good source of antioxidants can improve sperm parameters and reproductive potential in PTZ-induced epileptic male rats.
A 10-Year Follow-Up on the Practice of Luteal Phase Support Using Worldwide Web-Based Surveys
Authors: Shoham Gon , Leong Milton , Weissman Ariel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that luteal phase support (LPS) is crucial in filling the gap between the disappearance of exogenously administered hCG for ovulation triggering and the initiation of secretion of endogenous hCG from the implanting conceptus. LPS has a pivotal role of in establishing and maintaining in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. Over the last decade, a plethora of studies bringing new information on many aspects of LPS have been published. Due to lack of consent between researchers and a dearth of robust evidence-based guidelines, we wanted to make the leap from the bench to the bedside, what are the common LPS practices in fresh IVF cycles compared to current evidence and guidelines? How has expert opinion changed over 10 years in light of recent literature?MethodsOver a decade (2009 - 2019), we conducted 4 web-based surveys on a large IVF-specialist website on common LPS practices and controversies. The self-report, multiple-choice surveys quantified results by annual IVF cycles.ResultsOn average, 303 IVF units responded to each survey, representing, on average, 231,000 annual IVF cycles. Most respondents in 2019 initiated LPS on the day of, or the day after egg collection (48.7% and 36.3%, respectively). In 2018, 72% of respondents administered LPS for 8-10 gestational weeks, while in 2019, 65% continued LPS until 10-12 weeks. Vaginal progesterone is the predominant delivery route; its utilization rose from 64% of cycles in 2009 to 74.1% in 2019. Oral P use has remained negligible; a slight increase to 2.9% in 2019 likely reflects dydrogesterone’s introduction into practice. E2 and GnRH agonists are rarely used for LPS, as is hCG alone, limited by its associated risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). ConclusionsOur Assisted reproductive technology (ART)-community survey series gave us insights into physician views on using progesterone for LPS. Despite extensive research and numerous publications, evidence quality and recommendation levels are surprisingly low for most topics. Clinical guidelines use mostly low-quality evidence. There is no single accepted LPS protocol. Our study highlights the gaps between science and practice and the need for further LPS research, with an emphasis on treatment individualization.
Protective effect of high n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio on acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in mfat-1 transgenic mice and possible inflammation-related targets identified by transcriptome analysis
Authors: geng xue , Wang Meng , Leng Yunjun , Li Lin , Yang Haiyuan , Dai Yifan , Wang Ying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) occurs not only in newborns but also in adults. It is associated with series of cellular and biochemical pathways that lead to neuronal injury. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to improve neuron functions via G protein-coupled receptor 120 signal pathway in cells or with exogenous supplementation. Possible protective targets and underlying mechanisms of high proportion of n-3/n-6 PUFAs contained in the brains of mfat-1 transgenic mice on HIBD-induced adult brain damage needed to be further investigated.MethodsThe adult C57BL/6J (WT) and mfat-1 transgenic mice adopted HIBD model. A gas chromatograph was used to determine the composition of PUFAs. Neurological deficit scores test, TTC staining and Nissl staining were employed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects. Cleaved-caspase3 and TUNEL experiment were used to detect apoptosis after injury. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA assay. RNA-sequencing analysis was processed and the differential expressed genes were verified by real-time quantitative PCR. Key factors related to inflammation were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot.ResultsThe mfat-1 transgenic mice with high ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs in brain tissues were showed to have protective effects on HIBD-induced brain damage by reduced infarct range and greatly improved neurobehavioral defects. Further analysis revealed that the level of neuronal necrosis, apoptosis and inflammation induced by brain injury were relatively low. RNA-seq analysis showed multiple pathways and targets involved in this process. Significant activation of GPR120, reduction of phosphorylation of TAK1 and NF-κB P65 in the downstream of the pro-inflammatory pathway were found in the brains of mfat-1 mice on HIBD. ConclusionsThe study showed that mfat-1 transgenic mice had protective effects on HIBD-induced brain injury by multiple pathways. Activation of GPR120 and reduction of related pro-inflammatory pathway involved in this process, which may improve or prevent dangerous perioperative and postoperative complications, innovate clinical intervention strategy and potentially benefit more patients.
PAK4 Suppresses&nbsp;Motor Neuron Degeneration in hSOD1G93A -Linked ALS Cell and Rat Models
Authors: Cong Chaohua , Liang Weiwei , Zhang Chunting , Wang Ying , Yang Yueqing , Wang Xudong , Wang Shuyu , Huo Di , Wang Hongyong , Wang Di , Feng Honglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. The exact mechanisms underlying motor neuron death in ALS are still not fully understood, but a growing body of evidence indicates that inflammatory could accentuate disease severity and accelerate disease progression. Currently, no neuroprotective strategies have effectively prevented the progression of this disease.Methods: IF, western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of PAK4 in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. We examined PAK4 function in ALS and the underlying mechanism by cell transfection, intraspinally injection of LV-PAK4 in hSOD1G93A mice, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, IF and western blotting.Results: Here, we observed that the expression and activity of PAK4 significantly decreased in hSOD1G93A-related cell and mouse models of ALS. In hSOD1G93A mice，the expression of PAK4 began to decrease at early-symptom stages of the disease. PAK4 silencing increased degeneration of motor neurons (NSC34 cells) and suppressed the CREB pathway. Overexpression of PAK4 protected motor neurons from hSOD1G93A-induced degeneration by increasing the levels and transcriptional activity of CREB. The neuroprotective effect of PAK4 was markedly inhibited by compound 3i, a specific CREB inhibitor. In hSOD1G93A-linked cell and mice, the CREB pathway, as the downstream target of decreased PAK4, was inhibited, and cell apoptosis increased. We also found that the expression of PAK4 was negatively regulated by miR-9-5p, and the miR-9-5p levels were upregulated in ALS. In vivo experiments revealed that PAK4 overexpression in the spinal neurons of hSOD1G93A mice suppressed motor neuron degeneration, prolonged survival and promoted the CREB pathway. Conclusion: These results indicate that PAK4 plays a protective role for motor neurons by targeting CREB, suggesting it may be a useful therapeutic target in ALS.
Malignant tumor purity reveals the correlation between CD3E and low grade glioma microenvironment
Authors: Liu WangRui , Li Chuanyu , Xu Wenhao , Lian Hao , Qu Yuanyuan , Chen Kui , Huang Huadong , Huang Haineng , Zhong Chunlong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the initiation and progression of low grade glioma (LGG); however, we are still unclear about the specifics of LGG's TME. Methods: In this article, we selected 161 LGG patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as data, and calculated the percentage of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in LGG and the tumor purity of LGG through ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT calculation methods. Immune-related genes were screened out through Cox regression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was selected to screen out clinically relevant genes. After combining the two, CD3E is selected as the predictor. Finally, we conducted verification at the Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities (AHYMUN) center. Results: We found that the higher the expression of CD3E, the lower the purity of LGG tumors and the worse the prognosis of patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that genes in the high-expressing CD3E group are mainly involved in immune-related activities. This suggests that CD3E may be responsible for regulating LGG's TME and tumor purity.Conclusion: In short, the tumor purity of LGG has a considerable impact on clinical, genomic and biological status. The expression level of CD3E may help doctors evaluate the prognosis of LGG patients and develop personalized immunotherapy plans for patients. Evaluating the ratio of different tumor purity and the new role of CD3E may provide additional insights into the complex role of the LGG microenvironment and clinical treatment.
Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed during the third trimester on pregnancy outcomes: A case control study
Authors: Shindo Ryosuke , Aoki Shigeru , Nakanishi Sayuri , Misumi Toshihiro , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2010, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) proposed new criteria indicating that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be diagnosed if the fasting threshold of ≤92 mg/dL, 1-hour threshold of ≤180 mg/dL, or 2-hour threshold of ≤153 mg/dL are exceeded during the 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using the proposed diagnostic threshold values of the IADPSG to diagnose GDM, but it does not limit the timing of the 75-g OGTT. Since 2010 in Japan, GDM has been diagnosed using the same criteria as that proposed by the WHO. Nevertheless, there is no justification for these thresholds during specific time windows.Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study based on the medical records and delivery registry database of our centre. We included women who underwent a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) with results <140 mg/dL at 24–28 weeks of gestation and subsequently underwent a 75-g OGTT after 29 weeks of gestation with abnormal glucose tolerance suspected based on clinical findings. The reference values for the 75-g OGTT followed the IADPSG criteria. Subjects were classified as the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and the GDM group. The type of delivery and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared. A multivariable analysis was performed to match the backgrounds of both groups.Results: A total of 189 women comprised the NGT group and 49 women comprised the GDM group. Emergency caesarean delivery rates were similar in the GDM and NGT groups (10.6% and 12.2%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-3.64; p=0.74), but the elective caesarean delivery rate was higher in the GDM group than in the NGT group (16.3% and 5.3%, respectively, adjusted OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.27-10.19; p=0.01). There were no differences in other maternal and neonatal outcomes between groups.Conclusion: Whether diagnosing GDM during the third trimester can improve pregnancy outcomes is unknown. However, pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the third trimester are more likely to undergo caesarean delivery.