bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight‐Year Follow‐up of Modified Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sundman Joar , Browaldh Nanna , Fehrm Johan , Friberg Danielle 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate whether modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remained effective after 8 years.MethodsProspective intervention study. Sixty‐five patients with OSA were offered re‐evaluation with polysomnography and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) 8 years after UPPP. Results were compared with baseline and with a previous 2‐year follow‐up. Baseline predictors were analyzed with regression analyses.ResultsThe dropout rate at the 8‐year follow‐up was 28%. The mean decrease in apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) between baseline and the 8‐year follow‐up was significant, 14.0 events/hour (from 52.9 to 38.9), 27% (P < .001). The mean increase in AHI between the 2‐year and the 8‐year follow‐up was significant, 14.7 events/hour (from 24.2 to 38.9), 61% (P < .0001). Overweight at baseline predicted an AHI at the 8‐year follow‐up that was 22.9 events higher compared to patients with normal weight (P = .015). An increase in body mass index (BMI) of 1 kg/m2 between baseline and the 8‐year follow‐up predicted a mean AHI increase of 3.8 events/hour (P = .015). The median decrease in ESS between baseline and the 8‐year follow‐up was significant, 7 (from 13.0 to 6.0), 54% (P < .0001). The median increase in ESS between the 2‐year and the 8‐year follow‐up was not significant, 1.0 (from 5.0 to 6.0), 20%.ConclusionModified UPPP was effective as a long‐term treatment for OSA in selected patients, although the effect on AHI decreased over time. Daytime sleepiness remained improved even in the long term. High BMI at baseline and an increase in BMI predicted a reduced long‐term respiratory outcome.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E307–E313, 2021
Physical drivers facilitating a toxigenic cyanobacterial bloom in a major Great Lakes tributary
Authors: Matson Paul G. , Boyer Gregory L. , Bridgeman Thomas B. , Bullerjahn George S. , Kane Douglas D. , McKay Robert M. L. , McKindles Katelyn M. , Raymond Heather A. , Snyder Brenda K. , Stumpf Richard P. , Davis Timothy W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Maumee River is the primary source for nutrients fueling seasonal Microcystis‐dominated blooms in western Lake Erie's open waters though such blooms in the river are infrequent. The river also serves as source water for multiple public water systems and a large food services facility in northwest Ohio. On 20 September 2017, an unprecedented bloom was reported in the Maumee River estuary within the Toledo metropolitan area, which triggered a recreational water advisory. Here we (1) explore physical drivers likely contributing to the bloom's occurrence, and (2) describe the toxin concentration and bacterioplankton taxonomic composition. A historical analysis using 10‐years of seasonal river discharge, water level, and local wind data identified two instances when high‐retention conditions occurred over ≥ 10 d in the Maumee River estuary: in 2016 and during the 2017 bloom. Observation by remote sensing imagery supported the advection of cyanobacterial cells into the estuary from the lake during 2017 and the lack of an estuary bloom in 2016 due to a weak cyanobacterial bloom in the lake. A rapid‐response survey during the 2017 bloom determined levels of the cyanotoxins, specifically microcystins, in excess of recreational contact limits at sites within the lower 20 km of the river while amplicon sequencing found these sites were dominated by Microcystis. These results highlight the need to broaden our understanding of physical drivers of cyanobacterial blooms within the interface between riverine and lacustrine systems, particularly as such blooms are expected to become more prominent in response to a changing climate.
Entropy for semigroup actions on general topological spaces
Authors: Souza Josiney A. , Santana Alexandre J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces both notions of topological entropy and invariance entropy for semigroup actions on general topological spaces. We use the concept of admissible family of open coverings to extending and studying the notions of Adler–Konheim–McAndrew topological entropy, Bowen topological entropy, and invariance entropy to the general theory of topological dynamics.
Phenotypic expansion in Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim syndrome caused by de novo variants in the SON gene
Authors: Slezak Ryszard , Smigiel Robert , Rydzanicz Malgorzata , Pollak Agnieszka , Kosinska Joanna , Stawinski Piotr , Malgorzata Sasiadek Maria , Ploski Rafal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic etiology of intellectual and psychomotor disability without a defined spectrum of dysmorphic features is usually monogenic. As no diagnostic criteria for such diseases are established, the clinical diagnosis becomes to be a challenge. The object of our paper is to present two patients with non‐specific clinical symptoms for whom whole‐exome‐sequencing identified the new SON mutations and thus allowed for establishing the diagnosis of Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim (ZTTK) syndrome. In both patients, the same symptoms including hypotonia, developmental and speech delay, feeding difficulties as well as frequent infections of the respiratory tract and internal ear were observed. However, both cases presented also with exceptional symptoms such as in case 1 ventriculomegaly and asymmetry of ventricles, hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), intellectual disability, intestinal malrotation, gastroparesis, and duodenal atresia and in the case 2 febrile seizures and reduced IgA levels. We will be presenting the patients and comparing them to 30 previously described cases.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the probands’ DNA and paired‐end sequenced (2x100 bp) on HiSeq 1500. Variants considered as disease‐causing were validated in the proband and studied in all available family members by amplicon deep sequencing performed using Nextera XT Kit and sequenced on HiSeq 1500.ResultsWe have identified two new variants in SON gene. In case 1 it has been a heterozygous frameshift variant p.(Ala1340GlnfsTer26), while in case 2 it has been a heterozygous frameshift variant, p.(Asp1640GlyfsTer7). Both variants are described for the first time and up to now, are not mentioned in any database.ConclusionAs there are no precise criteria established for the clinical diagnosis of ZTTK, an identification of SON gene mutation by whole‐exome‐sequencing is the best method that allows for a diagnosis of this syndrome.
Evaluating Temperature and Pressure Shock to Create Gynogenetic Cloned Progeny in Southern Flounder
Authors: Silvy Elizabeth H , Sink Todd D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To address the needs of the growing aquaculture industry, we evaluated methodologies for creating gynogenetic female clones of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma. The primary objective was to determine which treatment to stop ejection of the second polar body, pressure or cold shock, would induce diploid genesis in ova that were activated with irradiated sperm and produce more viable offspring in Southern Flounder. The cold-shock and pressure-shock treatments with irradiated milt had similar egg-activation rates and embryonic development rates of 1.3% (SE = 0.9) and 5.8% (SE = 2.7), respectively. However, pressure-shock represents the most practical method for creating gynogenetic clones of the female.
Coupling three‐dimensional peridynamics and high‐order one‐dimensional finite elements based on local elasticity for the linear static analysis of solid beams and thin‐walled reinforced structures
Authors: Pagani A. , Carrera E. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPeridynamics is a nonlocal theory which has been successfully applied to solid mechanics and crack propagation problems over the last decade. This methodology, however, may lead to large computational calculations which can soon become intractable for many problems of practical interest. In this context, a technique to couple—in a global/local sense–three‐dimensional peridynamics with one‐dimensional high‐order finite elements based on classical elasticity is proposed. The refined finite elements employed in this work are based on the well‐established Carrera Unified Formulation, which the previous literature has demonstrated to provide structural formulations with unprecedented accuracy and optimized computational efficiency. The coupling is realized by using Lagrange multipliers that guarantee versatility and physical consistency as shown by the numerical results, including the linear static analyses of solid and thin‐walled beams as well as of a reinforced panel of aeronautic interest.
A novel multi‐objective optimization method: Input values effect on responses (IVER)
Authors: Akben Selahaddin Batuhan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, a novel multi‐objective optimization method based on the best effect of unique input (independent variable) values on responses (dependent variables) was proposed. The proposed method was compared with optimization using Derringer & Suich function that is still the most used. The comparison was made using the response values measured in real experiments and available in the literature. The advantages of the proposed method such as not needing the polynomial model aiming to predict the response values, no parameter selection problem, being able to offer optimum range instead of single optimum value, being suitable for use with existing experimental designs and being simple and interpretable were demonstrated as a result of comparison. It was also suggested how the proposed method will be effective according to experimental designs, and application for the users' application was presented.
New dosing nomogram and population pharmacokinetic model for young and very young children receiving busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning
Authors: Poinsignon Vianney , Faivre Laura , Nguyen Laurent , Neven Benedicte , Broutin Sophie , Moshous Despina , Bourget Philippe , Dufour Christelle , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Galambrun Claire , Devictor Benedicte , Kemmel Veronique , De Berranger Eva , Gandemer Virginie , Vannier Jean Pierre , Jubert Charlotte , Bondu Sabrina , Mir Olivier , Petain Aurelie , Vassal Gilles , Paci Angelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBusulfan (Bu) is the cornerstone of conditioning regimens prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, widely used in both adults and children for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Despite an intravenous formulation, interindividual variability (IIV) remains high and optimal exposure difficult to achieve, especially in neonates and infants.ProcedureTo ensure both efficacy and safety, we set up in 2005 an observational study designed for children not fully assessed during the drug registration procedure. From a large cohort of 540 patients, we developed a Bu population pharmacokinetic model based on body weight (BW) and maturation concepts to reduce IIV and optimize exposure. A new dosing nomogram was evaluated to better fit the population pharmacokinetic model.ResultsBu clearance IIV was significantly decreased from 61.3% (covariate‐free model) to 28.6% when combining BW and maturation function. Median Bu area under the curve (AUC) was 1179 µmol/L × min compared to 1025 with the EMA dosing nomogram for children <9 kg. The target AUC was reached for each BW strata, significantly increasing the percentages of patients achieving reaching the targeted AUC as compared to FDA schedule.ConclusionThis new model made it possible to propose a novel dosing nomogram that better considered children below 16 kg of BW and allowed better initial exposure as compared to existing dosing schedules. This nomogram, which would be easy to use to determine an optimal dosing schedule in daily practice, will need to be validated in clinical routine. Therapeutic drug monitoring remains strongly advisable for small children and those with specific diseases.
Different 18F‐FDG PET parameters for the prediction of histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric Ewing sarcoma family of tumors
Authors: El‐Hennawy Gihan , Moustafa Hosna , Omar Walid , Elkinaai Naglaa , Kamel Ahmad , Zaki Iman , Farid Nesma , El‐Kholy Esraa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) can predict the disease‐free survival. Therefore, a noninvasive method for response assessment is needed. Using the currently established imaging modalities, mass reduction does not always correlate with the percentage of necrosis.ObjectiveTo determine the potential role of 18fluorine‐labeled fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) metabolic parameters in the prediction of poor histological response to NAC in pediatric patients with ESFT.MethodsThirty‐six patients who were treated with NAC and surgery at the Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt, were prospectively included in this study. All patients underwent two studies; a PET/CT study before NAC and another one after NAC completion. Metabolic PET parameters were measured in each study. The ability of each of these parameters, their pretreatment and pre‐local control values, as well as the percentage reduction between their pretreatment and pre‐local control values, were evaluated to differentiate between good and poor responders using the histological response as a standard reference.ResultsNeither the pretreatment value nor the percentage reduction of any of the measured PET parameters predicted poor histological response. After NACcompletion, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) at the threshold of an SUV of 2.5 isocontour (MTV(2.5)post), MTV at the threshold of hepatic reference SUVmean (MTV(HR)post), and total lesion glycolysis at the threshold of hepatic reference SUVmean (TLG(HR)post) predicted poor histological response (P = 0.006, 0.018, and 0.003, respectively). The cutoff values of 90% reduction of TLG(HR) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)post≤2.5 could differentiate between good and poor responders.ConclusionFDG PET parameters can predict poor histological response to NAC in ESFT patients. MTV and TLG at the thresholds of an SUV of 2.5 isocontour and hepatic reference SUVmean are the two most promising thresholds in predicting the response of patients. The cutoff value of SUVmaxpost≤2.5 predicts poor histological response.
Where do immigrants move in Germany? The role of international migration in regional disparities in population development
Authors: Heider Bastian , Stroms Peter , Koch Jannik , Siedentop Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact of foreign migration on regional disparities in population development in Germany by analysing spatial patterns and determinants at the county level for the period of 2007–2017. Counterfactual analyses show that international migration has been the major component of population growth across German regions. However, immigration has mainly been directed towards large cities and highly urbanised areas and has therefore reinforced the existing spatial disparities in population development. Spatial econometric models nonetheless reveal that international migrants are not attracted by agglomeration per se. The location choices of international migrants were mainly driven by existing regional ethnic networks and factors that are related to different personal life stages, such as education or changes in family status. Furthermore, the estimated regional determinants vary strongly across migrant groups from different geographical backgrounds as well as between the external and internal migration of foreigners.
The effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on lipid profiles and glycemic indices in Type 2 diabetic adults: Randomized double blinded trials
Authors: Moradi Arezoo , Tarrahi Moahammad‐Javad , Ghasempour Sara , Shafiepour Mohammadreza , Clark Cain C. T. , Safavi Sayyed‐Morteza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of okra consumption on serum levels of lipid profiles and glycemic indices in Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. The present study was a randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial, carried out in Kerman, Iran. Sixty T2D patients were randomized into intervention and control groups and received 10 g okra powder blended in 150 g conventional yogurt or conventional yogurt alone, along with dinner and lunch, for 8 weeks. Glycemic markers and lipid profile were assessed, as well as anthropometric measures, at the beginning and end of study. The findings showed that 8 weeks okra consumption resulted in a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose (−15.61 ± 19.44 vs. −3.40 ± 24.78; p = .02), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (−1.17 ± 1.61 vs. −0.14 ± 1.64; p = .01), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.01 ± 0.007 vs. 0.00 ± 0.01; p = .004), triacylglycerol (−22.30 ± 32.46 vs. −3.86 ± 30.57; p = .001), total cholesterol (−10.23 ± 10.36 vs. −2.03 ± 13.94; p = .004), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C; −8.15 ± 10.01 vs. −2.31 ± 9.37; p = .02), and LDL‐C/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio (−0.28 ± 0.37 vs. −0.08 ± 0.24; p = .01). No significant difference was observed between groups in HDL‐C, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin levels, and anthropometric measures. The present study suggests that okra consumption can elicit improvements in lipid profile, as well as glycemic markers, among T2D patients.
The future of precision health is data‐driven decision support
Authors: Sperger John , Freeman Nikki L. B. , Jiang Xiaotong , Bang David , de Marchi Daniel , Kosorok Michael R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the applied sciences, the ultimate goal is not just to acquire knowledge but to turn knowledge into action. The next wave for data disciplines may be experimental designs and analytical methods for closing the gap between the “real‐world” situations faced by decision‐makers and their idealized representations in optimization problems, and the health sciences are poised to be the discipline where these developments substantially improve lives. We discuss three recent trends in research—experimental designs and analytical methods for precision medicine and pragmatic trials; technological developments in sensors, wearables, and smartphones for measuring health data; and methods addressing algorithmic bias and model interpretability—and argue that these seemingly disparate trends point to a future where data‐driven decision support tools are increasingly used to promote wellbeing.
Energetic Triazolo‐Triazolo‐Furazano‐Pyrazines: A Promising Fused Tetracycle Building Block with Diversified Functionalities and Properties
Authors: Maan Anjali , Mathpati Ramling S. , Ghule Vikas D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, high energy materials (HEMs) derived from 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐d]‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐f]furazano[3,4‐b]pyrazine (TTFP) substituted with −NH2, −NHNO2, −ONO2, −NO2, and −N3 explosophoric groups were designed and computationally characterized. Density functional calculations with B3PW91/6‐31G(d,p) method were used to explore the optimized structures, energetic properties, and sensitivity of TTFP derivatives. It is found that the TTFP is an effective molecular backbone for improving the energy content and energetic performance of the designed compounds. The effect of various explosophoric groups on energy content, density, detonation performance, and sensitivity was investigated. The energetic evaluation indicated that TTFP derivatives having −NHNO2 (F4), −ONO2 (F5), and −NO2 (F6) groups demonstrate good detonation performances and exceed the performance of TNT and close to that of RDX. Compounds F4‐F6 displays the best energetic properties (density > 1.85 g/cm3, detonation velocity >8.30 km/s, detonation pressure > 32.0 GPa). Considering the energetic properties, the TTFP backbone can be regarded as an energy‐rich unit, which can be substituted with suitable explosophoric groups for constructing HEMs.
Multifunctional Nickel Sulfide Nanosheet Arrays for Solar‐Intensified Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Wang Yuchao , Jiang Heqing , Huang Minghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production is currently hindered by the sluggish kinetic of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By integrating photothermal materials into electrocatalytic network and thus allowing solar energy to work as additional driving force, the OER is expected to be boosted. However, the rational design of such electrochemical system still remains a challenge due to the spatial inconsistency between photothermal component and electrocatalytic component. Herein, it is reported that multifunctional nickel sulfide (Ni3S2) nanosheet arrays show both photothermal and electrocatalytic properties for solar‐intensified electrocatalytic system, which well eliminates the spatial inconsistency between the aforementioned two types of functional components by using one bifunctional material. The deliberate design of nanoarray architecture formed by the interconnected Ni3S2 nanosheets endows larger surface area and higher surface roughness, thus enhancing light absorption by suppressing diffuse reflection and facilitating electron transfer in electrocatalytic reactions. Therefore, the OER activity is significantly improved. Under light illumination, the current density of Ni3S2 nanosheets could reach 492.2 mA cm−2 at 1.55 V, about 2.5‐fold that in dark conditions, with a Tafel slope of as low as 60 dec−1. The solar‐intensified electrochemical system based on multifunctional material presents prospective potential in electrochemical water splitting for efficient hydrogen production.
Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reactions in Metal‐organic Frameworks
Authors: Liang Jieying , Liang Kang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulti‐enzyme cascade reactions are indispensable in biotechnology and many industrial (bio)chemical processes. However, most natural enzymes have poor stability and reusability, and tend to inactivate in toxic media or high temperature, which significantly limit their broader applications. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for enzymes immobilization to produce nanocomposite structures that not only could shield the enzymes from harsh environments, but also facilitate selective diffusion of substrates and intermediates to the reactive site via their tailorable and ordered pore network. Multi‐enzyme cascade reactions in MOFs have recently attracted considerable attention. This Personal Account discusses the different strategies for multi‐enzyme‐MOF interfaces and their cutting‐edge applications from biosensing and catalytic nanomedicine to artificial/hybrid cells. At last, we provide a critical evaluation and future prospects to outline future research directions.