bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The magnitude and Associated Factors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Merkeb Yoseph , Adane Fentahun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Currently, Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite, these problems are easily preventable and treatable it contributes to more than 18% of deaths of under-five children every year in Ethiopia. Regardless of these facts, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and its predictors of pneumonia in Ethiopia. Thus, assessing the pooled magnitude of pneumonia and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia is the main objective of this review. Methods The international databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct were scientifically explored. We considered all primary studies reporting the magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children and its predictors in Ethiopia. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data and Cochrane Q test statistics and I 2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies so that a random effect model was employed. Result The pooled magnitude of Pneumonia Among Under Five Children was 20.68%, (I 2 = 97.9%%; P ≤ 0.001) from 12 included studies in Ethiopia. Children who unvaccinated [OR = 2.45], food cooking in the main house [OR = 2.46], Vitamin A supplementation status [OR = 2.85], malnutrition [OR = 2.98], mixed breast feeding [OR = 2.46], child history of respiratory tract infection [OR = 4.11] were a potential determinates of pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendations This review showed that the magnitude of pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, appropriate intervention on potential determinates such as health education on exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition, place of food cooking, increase immunization and Vitamin A supplementation and early control of respiratory tract infection was recommended to prevent those risk factors.
QTL analysis based on a long-grain CSSL-Z1392 and SSSLs and fine mapping of qGL6
Authors: Zhao Fangming , Zhang Ting , Wang Shiming , Sun Shuangfei , Zhang Yi , Li Juan , You Jing , Su Tian , Chen Wenbo , Ling Yinghua , He Guanghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Grain shape affects not only rice yield but is also an important element in quality of appearance. However, the mechanism for inheritance of grain shape is unclear.
Results: A rice chromosome segment substitution line Z1392, which harbors three substitution segments and produces grains of increased length, was identified. The three chromosome segments were located on chromosomes 1, 5, and 6, and the average length of the substitution segment was 4.29 Mb. Cytological analysis indicates that the predominant cause of increased grain length in Z1392 could be cell expansion in the glumes. 18 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for important agronomic traits were identified. The inheritance of grain length in Z1392 was controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6 . Finally, the qGL-6 was narrowed to a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, and OsARF19 may be the candidate gene of qGL-6 . Based on QTL mapping, three single-segment substitution lines (S1, S2, and S3) and two double-segment substitution lines (D1 and D2) were selected, and the mapping accuracy for qGL-5 and qGL-6 was further verified using the three single-segment substitution lines. Analysis of QTL additive and epistatic effects revealed that the additive effect of alleles qGL5 and qGL6 from ‘Xihui 18’ was estimated to increase grain length of Z1392 by 0.22 and 0.15 mm, respectively. In addition, a positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 was detected, which indicates that the pyramiding of qGL-5 and qGL-6 for grain length produces a novel genotype with longer grains.
Conclusions: Inheritance of grain length in the triple-segment substitution line Z1392 is controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6 , qGL-6 was narrowed to a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, OsARF19 may be the candidate gene of qGL-6 . And a positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 results in longer grains. The present results could be used to facilitate cloning of the qGL-5 and qGL-6 genes and contribute to improvement in grain yield in rice.
Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli phage and enhance its bactericidal activity that collaborative with kanamycin sulfate
Authors: Jiang Liming , Zheng Rui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli is the most important and widespread bacteria in worldwide, which mainly found in contaminated food, human and animal faeces. Unfortunately, Some of E. coli strains are multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen leading significant public health concern globally. Biofilm is a multicellular community of microorganisms. Phages and their derivatives are ideal candidates for replacing or compensating for antibiotic problems in the future. Method: Here, we aimed to isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli phage and research its bactericidal activity that individually or collaborative with kanamycin sulfateResults: In this study, three virulent phages Flora, T4 and WJ were isolated from the laboratory and drug sample in Wuxi, China. It’s belonged to the Myoviridae family and optimum temperature is 42 ℃, optimum pH= 7, optimum MOI is 0.0001 and the genome size of Flora, T4 and WJ were 168, 909, 168903 and 168, 900 bp respectively. Flora has two exonuclease, whereas T4 and WJ have only one. Antibiotics have better bactericidal activity than phages in a low concentration medium of bacteria, nonetheless, phages have better bactericidal activity than antibiotics in a high concentration of bacteria, and that, collaboration of phages and antibiotics have better bactericidal activity effect than alone of phages or antibiotics in a low concentration medium of bacteria. Conclusion: The excellent performance of phage Flora for its therapeutic potential on clinic. The data of this study provided the strong evidence that the application of phage could reduce the growth and biofilm of E. coli that are important to maintain public health. Keywords: Escherichia coli, phage, lytic spectrum, biofilm, antibiotic
Sarsasapogenin ameliorates diabetes-associated memory impairment and neuroinflammation through inhibiting thrombin/PAR-1 pathway
Authors: Kong Li , Liu Yue , Zhang Yu-Meng , Li Yu , Tang Zhuang-Zhuang , Zhu Xia , Ma Teng-Fei , Liu Yao-Wu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Sarsasapogenin (Sar), a natural steroidal compound, shows neuroprotective, promoting cognition, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis effects, etc. However, whether Sar can ameliorate diabetes-associated cognitive impairment and whether it is related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombosis effects of Sar, it remains unknown. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with Sar (20 and 60 mg/kg), and normal rats was orally administrated of Sar (60 mg/kg). Cognitive tests were performed using Morris water maze. Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome (NLRP1, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18), as well as thrombin and its receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) pathway and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and its receptor RAGE axis were examined in the brain of diabetic rats. Meanwhile high glucose-cultured human SH-SY5Y cells were used to further investigate the effects of Sar (0.2, 1, 5 μM) on central neurons and deeply explore the mechanism. Results: Sar markedly increased numbers of crossing platform and percentage of time spent in the target quadrant in Morris water maze tests in diabetic rats, accompanied by inhibitions of NLRP1 inflammasome, PAR-1 upregulation, and AGEs/RAGE axis in cerebral cortex. Moreover, Sar mitigated neuronal damages, NLRP1 inflammasome activation, and PAR-1 upregulation in high glucose-cultured SH-SY5Y cells, and the effects were similar to those of the PAR-1 inhibition with a selective PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar. But Sar also did not affect thrombin activity in the brain of diabetic rats and high glucose-cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Further studies indicated that the key molecules of NLRP1 inflammasome and the phosphorylated NF-kappaB p65 were remarkably decreased in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with high glucose after PAR-1 knockdown by using F2R (the gene symbol of PAR-1) shRNA, and these effects were confirmed by using Sar addition in such condition. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that Sar could improve memory impairment caused by diabetes, which was achieved through suppressing neuroinflammation from the activated NLRP1 inflammasome and NF-kappaB mediated by thrombin/PAR-1 activation in brain. Moreover, Sar was proved to be a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent and memory enhancer.
Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Myocardial Infarction-A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Wenning , Zou Li , Xu Hongbin , Zeng Xiantao , Yan Shijiao , Zhang Zeyu , Lu Zuxun , Cao Shiyi , Mao Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Objective: An increasing amount of epidemiological original studies suggested that long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) could be associated with the risk of myocardial infarction(MI), but the results were inconsistent. We aimed to synthesized available cohort studies to identify the association between ambient air pollution (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) and MI risk by a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched through September 2019 to identify studies that met predetermined inclusion criterion. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk ( RR ) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI ). Results: Twenty-two cohort studies involving 6,567,314 participants and 865,98 patients with MI were included in this systematic review. The pooled results showed that higher levels of ambient air pollution (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) exposure were significantly associated with the risk of MI. The pooled relative ratio ( RR) for each 10-μg/m 3 increment in PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 1.20 (95% CI : 1.11–1.29), and1.03 (95% CI :1.00-1.07) respectively. Exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the combined risk estimate. Conclusions: Integrated evidence from cohort studies supports the hypothesis that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 as a risk factor for MI.
Diverting blame to stay sane - young people's strategies for dealing with the mental health effects of precarious employment: a Grounded Theory study
Authors: Toivanen Susanna , Tarantino Anna Olofsson , Emmelin Maria , Östergren Per-Olof 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Precarious employment is a risk factor for poor mental health, particularly among young adults. Knowledge about how young people maintain their mental health while in a precarious employment situation is scarce. The aim of the study was to explore the meaning of precarious employment for young adults in Sweden and their strategies for maintaining good mental health.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 individuals (9 men and 6 women) aged 20–39 years in a precarious employment situation. Contact persons at union offices and at specific job-coaching organizations collaborating with the Swedish public employment agency in the city of Malmö were gate openers to reach informants. Analysis was based on constructivist grounded theory, implying an emergent design where data collection and analysis go hand in hand.Results All informants had completed secondary school in Sweden, and one third had studied at the university level. A majority currently had jobs; however, they were mostly employed on an hourly basis and only a few had temporary full-time jobs. The analysis resulted in a core category “Diverting blame to stay sane,” which summarized an emergent coping process involving individual resources and resources represented by the individuals’ social capital. The developed theoretical model contained four main categories, “Facing reality,” ”Losing control,” “Adapting,” and “Fighting back,” related to the core category.Conclusions The results implied a process where the challenges created by loss of employment-based rights required a coping process where the individual’s social capital plays an important role. However, social capital is to a large extent determined by contextual factors, underlining the strong health equity aspect of precarious employment.
Safety and effectiveness of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiaorong Gao , Yujiao Dan , Jie Chen , Gang Tian , He Yue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone (DEX) in treating macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Method: PubMed, Embase-clinical key, clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, and SinoMed were searched to compare the application of DEX implant in patients with retinal vein occlusion secondary macular edema (RVO-ME). The central retinal thickness, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), postoperative intraocular pressure, and postoperative cataract were extracted. RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze and evaluate the data. Results: This study was based on six randomized trials. A total of 393 eyes were studied. DEX implant could effectively reduce macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusion. After 6 months, the drug could significantly improve the patients’ BCVA [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.669–21.649, P = 21.649]. At the same time, it also could significantly reduce the patients’ central retinal thickness (95% CI: 274.965–142.236, P = 0.0000). DEX implant could increase the intraocular pressure in some patients and greatly increase the risk of cataracts. Conclusions: DEX implant can effectively improve the BCVA of patients with RVO-ME, reduce the central thickness of the retina, and reduce the number of injections for a relatively long time. Therefore, intravitreal injection of DEX can be used as an effective method for treating RVO-ME.
The novel mutation c.1210-3C&gt;G in cis with a poly-T tract of 5T affects CFTR mRNA splicing in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Liu Keqiang , Xu Wenshuai , Xiao Meng , Zhang Qianli , Song Jiaxing , Chen Keqi , Liu Yaping , Tian Xinlun , Xu Kai-Feng , Zhang Xue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose To identify potential pathogenic mutations in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) and subsequently study its splicing effect on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA in vitro. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the patient and his parents. To detect the possible pathogenic mutations in this patient, Sanger sequencing was conducted on all 27 coding exons of CFTR and their flanking intronic regions. Minigene constructs of the wild type and the identified mutant type were produced and transfected into HEK293T cells. Total RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA, with which as the template polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the corresponding region. Original TA cloning and Sanger sequencing of the resultant PCR products were performed to analyze their splicing patterns. Results The patient is a compound heterozygote of c.2909G>A, p.Gly970Asp in exon 18 and c.1210-3C>G in cis with a poly-T of 5T (T5) sequence, 3 bp upstream in intron 9. As reported, c.2909G>A, p.Gly970Asp is considered to be the most frequent CFTR mutation among Chinese CF patients. c.1210-3C>G, a variant adjacent to the 3’ splice site, may affect splicing and reduce the levels of normal mRNA. We validated this hypothesis by a minigene assay in vitro, which showed that the wild-type plasmid containing c.1210-3C together with the T7 sequence produced a normal transcript as well as a partial exon 10-skipping transcript, whereas the mutant plasmid containing c.1210-3G in cis with the T5 sequence caused almost all mRNA to skip exon 10. Conclusion c.1210-3C>G, newly identified in our patient, in combination with the T5 sequence in cis affects CFTR gene splicing and produces nearly no normal transcripts in vitro, which makes it a pathogenic mutation in this patient. Moreover, this patient carries a p.Gly970Asp mutation, which reinforces the high frequency of this mutation in Chinese CF patients.
The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in human alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhang Xuefei , Liu Jia , Liu Yufang , Zhao Cunzhe , Cai Huixia , Lei Wen , Ma Junying , Fan Haining , Zhou Jianye , Liu Na , Zhang Jingxiao , Wang Yongshun , Wang Wei , Zhan Peizhen , Zhang Xiongying , Zhang Qing , Shi Kemei , Liu Peiyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larval tapeworm infections in humans that severely impairs the health of affected patients. Methods: The expression levels of 20 cytokines associated with AE infection were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlations between these cytokines were analysed in the R programming language. Results: Serum cytokine levels differed among individuals in both the AE patient and healthy control groups. Related studies have shown that different cytokines are associated with AE. Therefore, we investigated the correlations among the cytokines; these correlations were simple in the healthy control group butcomplex in the AE patient group. Th2 cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, had high betweenness centrality in AE patients, whereas Th1 cytokines, such as growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α, eotaxin and IL-5, had high betweenness centrality in the healthy control group. Conclusions: The altered correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be closely associated with AE progression.
Parental Stress around Ophthalmological Health Conditions: A Systematic Review of Literature Protocol
Authors: SOUZA-SILVA JULIO CESAR , Martins Cleusa Alves , Garciazapata Marco Túlio Antonio , Barbosa Maria Alves 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Parents can be psychologically impacted when children have eye diseases such as blindness, strabismus, and eye cancer. Stress can reduce the quality of parental care, and may be linked to the deterioration of parents’ and children’s mental and physical health, and family dynamics. No systematic literature review on parental stress in ophthalmology has been found to provide evidence synthesis capable of stimulating and defining new studies promoting research in this field. To address this important gap, the present review aims to synthesize evidence about approaches, methods, instruments, and results from research regarding ophthalmology-related parental stress. Methods: Primary epidemiological observational studies should be original in addressing parental stress caused by ophthalmological health conditions in children. Children must be up to 12 years old and should not have any other associated chronic/disabling condition. Studies must present a summary, and full text should be available in a database. They should present an instrument for assessing parental stress and characterizing the study population. MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Gray Literature (PsycEXTRA, NTIS and OpenSINGLE) will be searched. Controlled vocabulary, Boolean operators, and defined search strategies will be used. There will be no restrictions on the studies’ publication language, which will be selected in two screening stages. Two reviewers will independently retrieve full-text studies, assess methodological quality, and extract data. Data available through December 2020 will be considered for inclusion. Discussion: The socioeconomic characterization of the participants, the identification of which ophthalmological diseases have been studied in relation to parental stress, and the knowledge of each instrument and methodology peculiarities potentially contribute to this study. The results may promote the development or enhancement of public policies focused on this specific theme, thereby providing the means for potential improvement of physical and mental health for parents and children with eye diseases.Systematic review registration: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: number CRD42018094972.
Prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal disorders among working adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gebreyesus Tsiwaye , Janakiraman Balamurugan , Nigussie Kalkidan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders among the working population are a major public health problem, resulting in significant personal and national economic loss. However, in Ethiopia, the cloud of infectious and non-communicable diseases has led to a lack of attention to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and empirical under-representation. This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its determinant factors among the adult working population in Ethiopia.Method: The electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct index, SCOPUS, PEDro, and Google Scholar will be systematically searched. In addition, the grey literature resources such as databases or websites of dissertations and theses will be searched. The reference list of screened articles will also be hand searched. All observational studies reporting on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain of any bodily region among adult Ethiopians will be included. Random and quality effects models will be used to calculate pooled prevalence with a 95 % confidence interval. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed. Publication bias and heterogeneity between the included studies will also be assessed and reported.Discussion: The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will provide valid insight into the pooled prevalence of multi-regional work-related musculoskeletal pain and factors associated to assist policymakers in occupational health and health care sectors. And further, we strongly believe that the data will also immensely help the understanding of the factors associated and in developing evidence-based musculoskeletal health promotion, work exposure implementations,and prevention programs in workplaces.