bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin has a better effect on PIK3CA mutant colorectal cancer cells by PI3K/Akt/Raptor pathway
Authors: Chen Zhihang , Wang Chun , Dong Hao , Wang Xing , Gao Feng , Zhang Sen , Zhang Xiaolong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Aspirin, as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can improve the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer, while aspirin is effective in patients with PIK3CA mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism of aspirin in the treatment of PIK3CA mutated CRC patients remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of PI3K and Raptor in colorectal cancer patients with PIK3CA mutation and PIK3CA wild-type patients. To demonstrate that aspirin has a better effect on the CRC of PIK3CA mutations in association with the PI3K/Akt/Raptor pathway, we used aspirin to treat PIK3CA mutant CRC cells (HCT-116 and RKO). Subsequently, the CCK8 assay and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the apoptosis of PIK3CA mutant CRC cells before and after aspirin use. Western blot was used to detect the changes of PI3K/Akt/Raptor-associated protein, autophagy protein microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (MAP1LC3A, LC3), beclin 1 (BECN1) and apoptosis protein BCL2-associated X protein/ BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bax/Bcl2), Caspase 3 after treatment of CRC cells with PIK3CA mutation by aspirin.

Results
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1 (Raptor) protein expression levels were higher in PIK3CA-mutant patients than in IK3CA wild-type patients. The expression of Bax/Bcl2 increased after treatment indicates that aspirin can induce apoptosis of PIK3CA-mutant CRC cells. The expression level of MAP1LC3 (LC3) in cells increases with the concentration of aspirin demonstrates that aspirin can induce autophagy in CRC cells. After 48 h of treatment with aspirin, the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (S6K1) was reduced, cell proliferation has been inhibited. After treatment with aspirin, as phosphorylation of PI3K and Protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) was decreased, Raptor expression was also decreased.

Conclusion
Aspirin can regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of CRC cells through the PI3K/Akt/Raptor pathway, affecting PIK3CA-mutant CRC.
Prevalence of Ineffective Haplotypes at the Rice Blast Resistance (R) Gene Loci in Chinese Elite Hybrid Rice Varieties Revealed by Sequence-Based Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Xiao Gui , Yang Jianyuan , Zhu Xiaoyuan , Wu Jun , Zhou Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple haplotypes at the same rice blastR-gene locus share extremely high sequence similarity, which makes the gene diagnostic method using molecular markers less effective in differentiation from one another. The composition and distribution pattern of deployedRgenes/haplotypes in elite rice varieties has not been extensively analyzed. In this study, we employed PCR amplification and sequencing approach for the diagnosis ofR-gene haplotypes in 54 Chinese elite rice varieties. A varied number of functional and nonfunctional haplotypes of 4 target majorR-gene loci, i.e.,Pi2/9,Pi5,Pik, andPib, were deduced by referring to the reference sequences of knownRgenes. Functional haplotypes accounted for relatively low frequencies for thePi2/9(15%) andPik(9%) loci but for relatively high frequencies for thePi5(50%) andPib(54%) loci. Intriguingly, significant frequencies of 33%, 39%, 46% of non-functional haplotypes at thePi2/9,Pik, andPibloci, respectively, with traceable original donors were identified, suggesting that they were most likely unintentionally spread by using undesirable donors in various breeding programs. In the case ofPi5locus, only a single haplotype, i.e.,Pi5was identified. The reactions of 54 rice varieties to the differential isolates were evaluated, which showed a good correlation to the frequency of cognate avirulence (Avr) genes or haplotypes in the differential isolates. FourRgenes, i.e.,Pi2,Piz-t,Pi50, andPikmwere found to contribute significantly to the resistance of the elite rice varieties. Other two genes,Pi9andPikh, which were not utilized in rice varieties, showed promising values in breeding durable resistance due to their high resistance frequencies to the contemporary rice blast population. The sequence-based molecular diagnosis provided a promising approach for the identification and verification of haplotypes in differentR-gene loci and effectiveRgenes valuable for breeding durable rice resistance to rice blast.
Genomic regions associated with muscularity in beef cattle differ in five contrasting cattle breeds
Authors: Doyle Jennifer L. , Berry Donagh P. , Veerkamp Roel F. , Carthy Tara R. , Evans Ross D. , Walsh Siobhán W. , Purfield Deirdre C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Linear type traits, which reflect the muscular characteristics of an animal, could provide insight into how, in some cases, morphologically very different animals can yield the same carcass weight. Such variability may contribute to differences in the overall value of the carcass since primal cuts vary greatly in price; such variability may also hinder successful genome-based association studies. Therefore, the objective of our study was to identify genomic regions that are associated with five muscularity linear type traits and to determine if these significant regions are common across five different breeds. Analyses were carried out using linear mixed models on imputed whole-genome sequence data in each of the five breeds, separately. Then, the results of the within-breed analyses were used to conduct an across-breed meta-analysis per trait.

Results
We identified many quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are located across the whole genome and associated with each trait in each breed. The only commonality among the breeds and traits was a large-effect pleiotropic QTL on BTA2 that contained the MSTN gene, which was associated with all traits in the Charolais and Limousin breeds. Other plausible candidate genes were identified for muscularity traits including PDE1A, PPP1R1C and multiple collagen and HOXD genes. In addition, associated (gene ontology) GO terms and KEGG pathways tended to differ between breeds and between traits especially in the numerically smaller populations of Angus, Hereford, and Simmental breeds. Most of the SNPs that were associated with any of the traits were intergenic or intronic SNPs located within regulatory regions of the genome.

Conclusions
The commonality between the Charolais and Limousin breeds indicates that the genetic architecture of the muscularity traits may be similar in these breeds due to their similar origins. Conversely, there were vast differences in the QTL associated with muscularity in Angus, Hereford, and Simmental. Knowledge of these differences in genetic architecture between breeds is useful to develop accurate genomic prediction equations that can operate effectively across breeds. Overall, the associated QTL differed according to trait, which suggests that breeding for a morphologically different (e.g. longer and wider versus shorter and smaller) more efficient animal may become possible in the future.
ASlive: a database for alternative splicing atlas in livestock animals
Authors: Liu Jinding , Tan Suxu , Huang Shuiqing , Huang Wen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Alternative splicing is an important biological process whose precision must be tightly regulated during growth and development. Although there are species, disease (e.g. cancers), or study specific databases available in many organisms, no database exists in livestock animals specifically tailored for alternative splicing.

Description
We present in this study the development and implementation of a database for alternative splicing atlas in livestock animals (ASlive.org). Using publicly available RNASeq data sets across many tissues, cell types, and biological conditions totaling 28.6 T bases, we built a database of alternative splicing events in five major livestock and poultry animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, and chickens). The database contains many types of information on alternative splicing events, including basic information such as genomic locations, genes, and event types, quantitative measurements of alternative splicing in the form of percent spliced in (PSI), overlap with known DNA variants, as well as orthologous events across different lineage groups.

Conclusions
This database, the first of its kind in livestock animals, will provide a useful exploratory tool to assist functional annotation of animal genomes.
Identification of eQTLs and sQTLs associated with meat quality in beef
Authors: Leal-Gutiérrez Joel D. , Elzo Mauricio A. , Mateescu Raluca G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscription has a substantial genetic control and genetic dissection of gene expression could help us understand the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes such as meat quality in cattle. The objectives of the present research were: 1) to perform eQTL and sQTL mapping analyses for meat quality traits inlongissimus dorsimuscle; 2) to uncover genes whose expression is influenced by local or distant genetic variation; 3) to identify expression and splicing hot spots; and 4) to uncover genomic regions affecting the expression of multiple genes.ResultsEighty steers were selected for phenotyping, genotyping and RNA-seq evaluation. A panel of traits related to meat quality was recorded inlongissimus dorsimuscle. Information on 112,042 SNPs and expression data on 8588 autosomal genes and 87,770 exons from 8467 genes were included in an expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping (eQTL and sQTL, respectively). A gene, exon and isoform differential expression analysis previously carried out in this population identified 1352 genes, referred to as DEG, as explaining part of the variability associated with meat quality traits. The eQTL and sQTL mapping was performed using a linear regression model in the R package Matrix eQTL. Genotype and year of birth were included as fixed effects, and population structure was accounted for by including as a covariate the first PC from a PCA analysis on genotypic data. The identified QTLs were classified as cis or trans using 1 Mb as the maximum distance between the associated SNP and the gene being analyzed. A total of 8377 eQTLs were identified, including 75.6% trans, 10.4% cis, 12.5% DEG trans and 1.5% DEG cis; while 11,929 sQTLs were uncovered: 66.1% trans, 16.9% DEG trans, 14% cis and 3% DEG cis. Twenty-seven expression master regulators and 13 splicing master regulators were identified and were classified as membrane-associated or cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors or DNA methylases. These genes could control the expression of other genes through cell signaling or by a direct transcriptional activation/repression mechanism.ConclusionIn the present analysis, we show that eQTL and sQTL mapping makes possible positional identification of gene and isoform expression regulators.
Liver transplantation in Jehovah’s witnesses: 13 consecutive cases at a single institution
Authors: Costanzo Diego , Bindi Maria , Ghinolfi Davide , Esposito Massimo , Corradi Francesco , Forfori Francesco , De Simone Paolo , De Gasperi Andrea , Biancofiore Gianni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Jehovah’s Witnesses represent a tremendous clinical challenge when indicated to liver transplantation because they refuse blood transfusion on religious grounds and the procedure is historically associated with potential massive peri-operative blood loss. We herein describe a peri-operative management pathway with strategies toward a transfusion-free environment with the aim not only of offering liver transplant to selected Jehovah’s Witnesses patients but also, ultimately, of translating this practice to all general surgical procedures.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of prospective medical records of JW patients who underwent LT at our Institution. The peri-operative multimodal strategy to liver transplantation in Jehovah’s Witnesses includes a pre-operative red cell mass optimization package and the intra-operative use of normovolemic haemodilution, veno-venous bypass and low central venous pressure.

Results
In a 9-year period, 13 Jehovah’s Witness patients received liver transplantation at our centre representing the largest liver transplant program from deceased donors in Jehovah’s Witnesses patients reported so far. No patient received blood bank products but 3 had fibrinogen concentrate and one tranexamic acid to correct ongoing hyper-fibrinolysis. There were 4 cases of acute kidney injury (one required extracorporeal renal replacement treatment) and one patient needed vasoactive medications to support blood pressure for the first 2 postoperative days. Two patients underwent re-laparotomy. Finally, of the 13 recipients, 12 were alive at the 1 year follow-up interview and 1 died due to septic complications.

Conclusions
Our experience confirms that liver transplantation in selected Jehovah’s Witnesses patients can be feasible and safe provided that it is carried out at a very experienced centre and according to a multidisciplinary approach.
Associations between circulating resistin concentrations and left ventricular mass are not accounted for by effects on aortic stiffness or renal dysfunction
Authors: Norman Glenda , Norton Gavin R. , Peterson Vernice , Gomes Monica , Libhaber Carlos D. , Sareli Pinhas , Woodiwiss Angela J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Although, in-part through an impact on left ventricular mass (LVM), resistin (an adipokine) may contribute to heart failure, whether this is explained by the adverse effects of resistin on aortic stiffness and renal function is unknown.

Methods
Relationships between circulating resistin concentrations and LVM index (LVMI), and LVM beyond that predicted by stroke work (inappropriate LVM [LVMinappr]) (echocardiography) were determined in 647 randomly selected community participants, and in regression analysis, the extent to which these relations could be explained by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated.

Results
Independent of confounders, resistin concentrations were independently associated with LVMI, LVMinappr, LV hypertrophy (LVH), PWV and eGFR. Furthermore, independent of confounders, LVMI, LVMinappr and LVH were independently associated with PWV and eGFR. However, adjustments for either PWV or eGFR failed to modify the relationships between resistin concentrations and LVMI, LVMinappr or LVH. Moreover, in multivariate regression analysis neither PWV nor eGFR significantly modified the contribution of resistin to LVMinappr or LVMI.

Conclusions
Independent relationships between circulating concentrations of the adipocytokine resistin and LVM are not explained by the impact of resistin on ventricular-vascular coupling or renal dysfunction. Resistin’s effects on LVM are therefore likely to be through direct actions on the myocardium.
Patient characteristics, triage utilisation, level of care, and outcomes in an unselected adult patient population seen by the emergency medical services: a prospective observational study
Authors: Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Axelsson Christer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Crowding in the emergency department (ED) is a safety concern, and pathways to bypass the ED have been introduced to reduce the time to definitive care. Conversely, a number of low-acuity patients in the ED could be assessed by the emergency medical services (EMS) as requiring a lower level of care. The limited access to primary care in Sweden leaves the EMS nurse to either assess the patient as requiring the ED or to stay at the scene. This study aimed to assess patient characteristics and evaluate the initial assessment by and utilisation of the ambulance triage system and the appropriateness of non-transport decisions.

Methods
A prospective observational study including 6712 patients aged ≥16 years was conducted. The patient records with 72 h of follow-up for non-transported patients were reviewed. Outcomes of death, time-critical conditions, complications within 48 h and final hospital assessment were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The median patient age was 66 years, and the most common medical history was a circulatory diagnosis. Males received a higher priority from dispatchers and were more frequently assessed at the scene as requiring hospital care. A total of 1312 patients (19.7%) were non-transported; a history of psychiatric disorders or no medical history was more commonly noted among these patients. Twelve (0.9%) of the 1312 patients not transported were later admitted with time-critical conditions. Full triage was applied in 77.4% of the cases, and older patients were triaged at the scene as an ‘unspecific condition’ more frequently than younger patients. Overall, the 30-day mortality was 4.1% (n = 274).

Conclusions
Age, sex, medical history, and presentation all appear to influence the initial assessment. A number of patients transported to ED could be managed at a lower level of care. A small proportion of the non-transported patients were later diagnosed with a time-critical condition, warranting improved assessment tools at the scene and education of the personnel focusing on the elderly population. These results may be useful in addressing resource allocation issues aiming at increasing patient safety.
Gastric tuberculosis mimicking submucosal tumor: a case series
Authors: Zhu Rong , Zhou Yuankun , Wang Haibo , Di Lianjun , Zhao Kui , Tuo Biguang , Wu Huichao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastric tuberculosis mimicking submucosal tumors is extremely rare and often misdiagnosed.

Case presentation
Three cases of gastric tuberculosis mimicking submucosal tumors were identified among patients admitted to local county hospitals because of upper abdominal discomfort and pain, with gastroscopy showing gastric submucosal tumors. The patients were admitted to our hospital for endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). As EUS revealed evidence of tuberculosis for the first two patients, we first considered gastric tuberculosis. However, because of atypical characteristics of the miniature ultrasonic probe and EUS, the lesion in the third patient was misdiagnosed as a stromal tumor, and the patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and intraoperative characteristics and postoperative pathology confirmed the lesion to be tuberculosis.

Conclusions
EUS is of great value in the diagnosis of gastric tuberculosis, especially gastric tuberculosis mimicking submucosal tumors. Here, we summarize some significant characteristics of gastric tuberculosis by EUS, which will be of substantial value to clinical work.
Multi-drug resistance of blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site nosocomial infections of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Motbainor Hilina , Bereded Fetlework , Mulu Wondemagegn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major causes of nosocomial infections globally. They are the current World Health Organization critical priority pathogens for resistance, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and discovery of new antibiotics. However, there is paucity of data on nosocomial infections (NIs) caused by such superbugs in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the magnitude and profile of nosocomial MDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Felegehiwot referral hospital from April 1 to July 31, 2018. A total of 238 patients with blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site NIs were enrolled conveniently. Either blood, urine and wound swab specimens were collected and processed using standard bacteriological procedures. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard bacteriological techniques and confirmed by automated Vitek2 Compact. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on isolates was performed using the disk diffusion technique. The results were interpreted as per the standard zone sizes of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Chi-square test was done to determine associations among variables. P value < 0.05 was considered statistical significant.

Results
The median age of participants was 29 years. Overall,20(8.4%) of patients had nosocomial MDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections. The proportion of nosocomial MDR blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site infections were 13(8.9%), 5(8.3%) and 2 (6.3%), respectively. Patients with NI had lower mean age (24.9 years) (P = 0.035). All isolates of NIs were from patients with intravenous catheterization. The frequency of NI was 9(3.8%) for MDR A. baumannii and 11(4.6%) for MDR P.aeruginosa. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates were 100% MDR. All isolates of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were 100% resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin.A. baumannii isolates were 33.3 and 44.5% resistance against meropenem and ciprofloxacin, respectively while P.aeruginosa isolates revealed 36.4 and 45.5% resistance against ciprofloxacin and meropenem, respectively.

Conclusions
Health care associated infections of MDR A.baumannii and P. aeruginosa are critical problems in the study area. Therefore, urgent focused interventions required to contain the spreading of MDR NIs. Treatment of NIs for patients on health care should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing.