bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1000 h Operational Lifetime Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Melting Encapsulation
Authors: Ma Sai , Bai Yang , Wang Hao , Zai Huachao , Wu Jiafeng , Li Liang , Xiang Sisi , Liu Na , Liu Lang , Zhu Cheng , Liu Guilin , Niu Xiuxiu , Chen Haining , Zhou Huanping , Li Yujing , Chen Qi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImproving device lifetime is one of the critical challenges for the practical use of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), wherein a reliable encapsulation is indispensable. Herein, based on an in‐depth understanding of the degradation mechanism for the PSCs, a solvent‐free and low‐temperature melting encapsulation technique, by employing low‐cost paraffin as the encapsulant that is compatible with perovskite absorbers, is demonstrated. The encapsulation strategy enables the full encapsulating operations to be undertaken under an ambient environment. It is found that the strategy not only removes residual oxygen and moisture to prevent the perovskite from phase segregation, but also suppresses the species volatilization to impede absorber decomposition, enabling a PSC devices with good thermal and moisture stability. As a result, the as‐encapsulated PSCs achieve a 1000 h operational lifetime for the encapsulated device at continuous maximum power point output under an ambient environment. This work paves the way for scalable and robust encapsulation strategy feasible to hybrid perovskite optoelectronics in an economic manner.
Designing Aqueous Organic Electrolytes for Zinc–Air Batteries: Method, Simulation, and Validation
Authors: Clark Simon , Mainar Aroa Ramos , Iruin Elena , Colmenares Luis César , Blázquez Jose Alberto , Tolchard Julian Richard , Jusys Zenonas , Horstmann Birger 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are a low‐cost, safe, and sustainable technology for stationary energy storage. ZABs with pH‐buffered near‐neutral electrolytes have the potential for longer lifetime compared to traditional alkaline ZABs due to the slower absorption of carbonates at nonalkaline pH values. However, existing near‐neutral electrolytes often contain halide salts, which are corrosive and threaten the precipitation of ZnO as the dominant discharge product. This paper presents a method for designing halide‐free aqueous ZAB electrolytes using thermodynamic descriptors to computationally screen components. The dynamic performance of a ZAB with one possible halide‐free aqueous electrolyte based on organic salts is simulated using an advanced method of continuum modeling, and the results are validated by experiments. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements of Zn electrodes show that ZnO is the dominant discharge product, and operando pH measurements confirm the stability of the electrolyte pH during cell cycling. Long‐term full cell cycling tests are performed, and rotating ring disk electrode measurements elucidate the mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The analysis shows that aqueous electrolytes containing organic salts could be a promising field of research for zinc‐based batteries, due to their Zn2+ chelating and pH buffering properties. The remaining challenges including the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte components are discussed.
Trap States, Electric Fields, and Phase Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Knight Alexander J. , Patel Jay B. , Snaith Henry J. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskites are essential for use in all‐perovskite or perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells due to their tunable bandgap. However, trap states and halide segregation currently present the two main challenges for efficient mixed‐halide perovskite technologies. Here photoluminescence techniques are used to study trap states and halide segregation in full mixed‐halide perovskite photovoltaic devices. This work identifies three distinct defect species in the perovskite material: a charged, mobile defect that traps charge‐carriers in the perovskite, a charge‐neutral defect that induces halide segregation, and a charged, mobile defect that screens the perovskite from external electric fields. These three defects are proposed to be MA+ interstitials, crystal distortions, and halide vacancies and/or interstitials, respectively. Finally, external quantum efficiency measurements show that photoexcited charge‐carriers can be extracted from the iodide‐rich low‐bandgap regions of the phase‐segregated perovskite formed under illumination, suggesting the existence of charge‐carrier percolation pathways through grain boundaries where phase‐segregation may occur.
MXene‐Based Mesoporous Nanosheets Toward Superior Lithium Ion Conductors
Authors: Shi Yongzheng , Li Bin , Zhu Qi , Shen Kai , Tang Wenjing , Xiang Qian , Chen Weihua , Liu Chuntai , Luo Jiayan , Yang Shubin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough solid polymer electrolytes have some intrinsic advantages in synthesis and film processing compared with inorganic solid electrolytes, low ionic conductivities and mechanical moduli hamper their practical applications in lithium‐based batteries. Here, an efficient strategy is developed to produce a unique solid polymer electrolyte containing MXene‐based mesoporous silica nanosheets with a sandwich structure, which are fabricated via controllable hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate around the surface of MXene‐Ti3C2 under the direction of cationic surfactants. Such unique nanosheets not only exhibit individual, thin, and insulated features, but also possess abundant functional groups in mesopores and on the surface, which are favorable for the formation of Lewis acid–base interactions with anions in polymer electrolytes such as poly(propylene oxide) elastomer, enabling the fast Li+ transportation at the mesoporous nanosheets/polymer interfaces. As a consequence, a solid polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 4.6 × 10−4 S cm−1, high Young's modulus of 10.5 MPa, and long‐term electrochemical stability is achieved.
Replacement of Ca by Ni in a Perovskite Titanate to Yield a Novel Perovskite Exsolution Architecture for Oxygen‐Evolution Reactions
Authors: Lee Jin Goo , Myung Jae‐Ha , Naden Aaron B. , Jeon Ok Sung , Shul Yong Gun , Irvine John T. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor efficient catalysis and electrocatalysis well‐designed, high‐surface‐area support architectures covered with highly dispersed metal nanoparticles with good catalyst‐support interactions are required. In situ grown Ni nanoparticles on perovskites have been recently reported to enhance catalytic activities in high‐temperature systems such as solid oxide cells (SOCs). However, the micrometer‐scale primary particles prepared by conventional solid‐state reactions have limited surface area and tend to retain much of the active catalytic element within the bulk, limiting efficacy of such exsolution processes in low‐temperature systems. Here, a new, highly efficient, solvothermal route is demonstrated to exsolution from smaller scale primary particles. Furthermore, unlike previous reports of B‐site exsolution, it seems that the metal nanoparticles are exsolved from the A‐site of these perovskites. The catalysts show large active site areas and strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI), leading to ≈26% higher geometric activity (25 times higher mass activity with 1.4 V of Eon‐set) and stability for oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) with only 0.72 µg base metal contents compared to typical 20 wt% Ni/C and even commercial 20 wt% Ir/C. The findings obtained here demonstrate the potential design and development of heterogeneous catalysts in various low‐temperature electrochemical systems including alkaline fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Difluoroacetaldehyde N‐Triftosylhydrazone (DFHZ‐Tfs) as a Bench‐Stable Crystalline Diazo Surrogate for Diazoacetaldehyde and Difluorodiazoethane
Authors: Ning Yongquan , Zhang Xinyu , Gai Yi , Dong Yuanqing , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Wang Yingying , Reddy Bhoomireddy Rajendra Prasad , Zanoni Giuseppe , Bi Xihe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the growing importance of volatile functionalized diazoalkanes in organic synthesis, their safe generation and utilization remain a formidable challenge because of their difficult handling along with storage and security issues. In this study, we developed a bench‐stable difluoroacetaldehyde N‐triftosylhydrazone (DFHZ‐Tfs) as an operationally safe diazo surrogate that can release in situ two low‐molecular‐weight diazoalkanes, diazoacetaldehyde (CHOCHN2) or difluorodiazoethane (CF2HCHN2), in a controlled fashion under specific conditions. DFHZ‐Tfs has been successfully employed in the Fe‐catalyzed cyclopropanation and Doyle–Kirmse reactions, thus highlighting the synthetic utility of DFHZ‐Tfs in the efficient construction of molecule frameworks containing CHO or CF2H groups. Moreover, the reaction mechanism for the generation of CHOCHN2 from CF2HCHN2 was elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Carbon Monoxide Activation by a Molecular Aluminium Imide: C−O Bond Cleavage and C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Heilmann Andreas , Hicks Jamie , Vasko Petra , Goicoechea Jose M. , Aldridge Simon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnionic molecular imide complexes of aluminium are accessible via a rational synthetic approach involving the reactions of organo azides with a potassium aluminyl reagent. In the case of K2[(NON)Al(NDipp)]2 (NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethyl‐xanthene; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) structural characterization by X‐ray crystallography reveals a short Al−N distance, which is thought primarily to be due to the low coordinate nature of the nitrogen centre. The Al−N unit is highly polar, and capable of the activation of relatively inert chemical bonds, such as those found in dihydrogen and carbon monoxide. In the case of CO, uptake of two molecules of the substrate leads to C−C coupling and C≡O bond cleavage. Thermodynamically, this is driven, at least in part, by Al−O bond formation. Mechanistically, a combination of quantum chemical and experimental observations suggests that the reaction proceeds via exchange of the NR and O substituents through intermediates featuring an aluminium‐bound isocyanate fragment.
The Influence of Bullying on Nursing Practice Errors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Alisha H. , Benham‐Hutchins Marge 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWorkplace bullying is an important nursing issue that can influence a nurse's propensity to commit practice errors. This systematic review examines the influence of bullying behaviors on nursing practice errors and includes articles from 2012 to 2017 that focus on bullying among nurses in multiple health care settings, including ORs, emergency departments, and acute inpatient and critical‐care units. Analysis of 14 relevant articles revealed four themes: the influence of the work environment on nursing practice errors, individual‐level connections between bullying and nursing practice errors, barriers to teamwork, and communication impairment. This review indicates that nurses perceive that bullying influences nursing practice errors and patient outcomes, although the mechanisms are unclear. Additional research is needed to elucidate the effects of bullying on nursing practice errors and patient outcomes.
Thermal degradation and aging behavior of polytriazole polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran elastomer based on click‐chemistry
Authors: Hu Jinghui , Li Ying , Xiao Fei , Zhang Yongli , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolytriazole polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (PTPET) elastomer was prepared based on the click‐chemistry reaction between the CCH and N3 groups. The PTPET exhibits improved thermal stability with an activation energy of 204 kJ/mol compared with hydroxyl‐terminated polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (PET) elastomer. TG‐FTIR and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py‐GC–MS) were used to analyze the pyrolysis mechanism and products of the PTPET elastomer. The pyrolytic mechanism of PTPET mainly involves breakage of the polyether chains. The main pyrolytic products were identified. The PTPET underwent for 180 days at 50°C and 60°C. The tensile properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and TGA of the aged PTPET were investigated. The tensile stress and strain of the aged PTPET increased until 120 days (at 60°C) or 150 days (at 50°C), which could be attributed to the postcuring of the elastomer. The scission of the PTPET chains due to aging could dominate after aging for 120 days (at 60°C) or for 150 days (at 50°C), resulting in the reduction of mechanical properties.
Effect of temperature on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators with failure modes
Authors: Li Peidong , Zhang Hong , Wang Qingyuan , Shao Bingmei , Fan Haidong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article analytically investigates the temperature influence on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators. The effects of both temperature and stretches on the permittivity are taken into consideration. The governing equations of state are established by modeling the actuator as a thermodynamic system of three degrees of freedom. Various failure modes, including electromechanical instability, electric breakdown, loss of tension, and tensile rupture are considered to restrict the operation state and to determine the region of allowable state. Numerical calculations are performed to depict the variations of some important physical quantities with generalized coordinates and to gain insight on the influence of temperature on the critical curves of failures. It is shown that the temperature has obvious effects on the operation state and the allowable region. The present results can be used for designing and optimizing an actuator, and the present approach can be extended to other kinds of dielectric elastomer actuators with complex geometries.
Retina Development in Vertebrates: Systems Biology Approaches to Understanding Genetic Programs
Authors: Buono Lorena , Martinez‐Morales Juan‐Ramon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ontogeny of the vertebrate retina has been a topic of interest to developmental biologists and human geneticists for many decades. Understanding the unfolding of the genetic program that transforms a field of progenitors cells into a functionally complex and multi‐layered sensory organ is a formidable challenge. Although classical genetic studies succeeded in identifying the key regulators of retina specification, understanding the architecture of their gene network and predicting their behavior are still a distant hope. The emergence of next‐generation sequencing platforms revolutionized the field unlocking the access to genome‐wide datasets. Emerging techniques such as RNA‐seq, ChIP‐seq, ATAC‐seq, or single cell RNA‐seq are used to characterize eye developmental programs. These studies provide valuable information on the transcriptional and cis‐regulatory profiles of precursors and differentiated cells, outlining the trajectories that connect each intermediate state. Here, recent systems biology efforts are reviewed to understand the genetic programs shaping the vertebrate retina.
Anthropometric measures for better cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health
Authors: Widana I Ketut , Sumetri Ni Wayan , Sutapa I Ketut , Suryasa Wayan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtists spend their working time in the workplace so a design is needed to address their needs. The workplaces need to be economic, ergonomic, energy‐efficient, and environmentally friendly based on the current trends. This study focused on all of these aspects while choosing the subjects for conducting the experiment. A total of 10 test subjects were involved in this study. Data related to environmental conditions were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test and those related to workloads and musculoskeletal disorders were tested by two‐paired sample t test. The cardiovascular load and cardiovascular strain (CVS) data were tested by the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for a 5% significance level. The results showed that using a natural posture while working can improve health quality. Occupational health indicators, such as workloads, cardiovascular load, and CVSs, musculoskeletal disorders, visual complaints, and concentration showed an improvement characterized by decreased workloads, cardiovascular load and CVS, musculoskeletal disorders, visual complaints, and increased concentration.
Upregulation of the lncRNA SRLR in polycystic ovary syndrome regulates cell apoptosis and IL‐6 expression
Authors: Li Lisha , Zhu Jun , Ye Feijun , Duan Zhongliang , Zhou Jin , Huang Zengshu , Wang Ling 
Published: January 2020

Increased levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); in renal cell carcinoma, the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) SRLR upregulates IL‐6. In this study, we demonstrated that the levels of the lncRNA SRLR were upregulated in PCOS patients with high expression of plasma IL‐6 compared with heathy females. The levels of the lncRNA SRLR in the plasma had a positive correlation with expression of IL‐6 in patients with PCOS but not in healthy females. Upregulation of the lncRNA SRLR in plasma could distinguish PCOS patients from healthy females. Overexpression of the lncRNA SRLR led to upregulation of IL‐6 and promoted apoptosis of human granulosa‐like tumour cells (KGN). Therefore, the lncRNA SRLR participated in PCOS by regulating cell apoptosis and IL‐6 expression.Significance of the StudyThe lncRNA SRLR mediates its effects on apoptosis and IL‐6 expression in PCOS and could be used to distinguish PCOS patients from healthy controls. Plasma circulating levels of the lncRNA SRLR may be a potential target for the treatment of PCOS.
Respiratory infections and chronic cough due to triple A (Allgrove) syndrome
Authors: Zheng Hengqi , Iyer Ramesh S. , Pacheco M. Cristina , Soares Jennifer Jean , Johnson Kaalan , Len Mary , Ambartsumyan Lusine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCough and respiratory infections are common in pediatrics. Our case report illustrates the need for pediatricians to consider rare diagnoses such as genetic syndromes and primary gastrointestinal motility disorders in patients with unremitting respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Early identification provides early intervention and reduces long‐term morbidity for pediatric patients.
Complicated acute myocardial infarction with simultaneous occlusion of two coronary arteries
Authors: Nordkin Irina , Goldberg Alexander , Israeli Zeev , Halabi Majdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSimultaneous occlusion of two coronary arteries in acute MI is infrequent and may be accompanied by cardiogenic shock. Prompt restoration of normal coronary flow can salvage the myocardium and decrease a possible risk of death from complications.
Efficiency of Site‐Specific Clicked Laccase–Carbon Nanotubes Biocathodes towards O2 Reduction
Authors: Gentil Solène , Rousselot‐Pailley Pierre , Sancho Ferran , Robert Viviane , Mekmouche Yasmina , Guallar Victor , Tron Thierry , Le Goff Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA maximization of a direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and electrodes can be obtained through the oriented immobilization of enzymes onto an electroactive surface. Here, a strategy for obtaining carbon nanotube (CNTs) based electrodes covalently modified with perfectly control‐oriented fungal laccases is presented. Modelizations of the laccase‐CNT interaction and of electron conduction pathways serve as a guide in choosing grafting positions. Homogeneous populations of alkyne‐modified laccases are obtained through the reductive amination of a unique surface‐accessible lysine residue selectively engineered near either one or the other of the two copper centers in enzyme variants. Immobilization of the site‐specific alkynated enzymes is achieved by copper‐catalyzed click reaction on azido‐modified CNTs. A highly efficient reduction of O2 at low overpotential and catalytic current densities over −3 mA cm−2 are obtained by minimizing the distance from the electrode surface to the trinuclear cluster.
Preparation of modified manganese slag slurry for removal of hydrogen sulphide and phosphine
Authors: Sun Lina , Song Xin , Li Kai , Wang Chi , Sun Xin , Ning Ping , Huang Haibao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYellow phosphorus tail gas is one of the most common industrial waste gases in Yunnan Province. The discharge of H2S and PH3 pollutants has caused serious harm to the environment. In this study, the simultaneous removal of H2S and PH3 by modified manganese slag slurry was investigated. The results showed that the highest simultaneous removal efficiency for H2S and PH3 was achieved after adding CuSO4. In order to investigate the relationship between catalytic activity and metal species, catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRF, SEM, AAS, IC, and chemical element analysis. AAS and chemical element analysis results showed that the main active components of the catalyst were Mn and Cu ions. The catalyst structure changed over the reaction. The contact between the catalyst and H2S and PH3 was hindered by the metal agglomeration on the surface of catalyst, which resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst.
Long‐term results of frontline dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , Cortes Jorge E. , Patel Keyur P. , Masarova Lucia , Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , Verstovsek Srdan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Estrov Zeev , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Nogueras‐González Graciela M. , Skinner Jeffrey , Poku Rebecca , DellaSala Sara , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Jabbour Elias J. , O’Brien Susan , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDasatinib is a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that, when used as frontline therapy, produces more and faster cytogenetic and molecular responses compared with imatinib. The authors report the long‐term follow‐up from the first study using dasatinib as initial therapy for chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia.MethodsBetween November 2005 and August 2014, patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg daily or 50 mg twice daily. After June 2009, all patients started with 100 mg daily.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 6.5 years, 94 of 149 treated patients (63%) were still receiving dasatinib on study. The median patient age was 48 years (interquartile range, 37‐55 years), and 9% of patients had a high risk Sokal risk score. The cumulative complete cytogenetic response rate at 11 years was 92.6%, the major molecular response (MR) rate was 88.2%, and the MR4.5 rate (indicating a ≥4.5‐log reduction in BCR‐ABL1 transcripts) was 79.5%. The median time to a major MR and MR4.5 was 6 and 23 months, respectively. A sustained MR4.5 (≥2 years) was achieved in 82 patients (55%). The 10‐year overall survival, transformation‐free survival, event‐free survival, and failure‐free survival rates were 89%, 95%, 86%, and 65%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the achievement of a complete MR was associated with improved overall survival. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were toxicity and elective discontinuation. The most common treatment‐emergent grade 3 and 4 adverse events were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and infections.ConclusionsAfter this long‐term follow‐up, dasatinib continues to show an excellent safety profile and produces rapid cytogenetic responses and MRs, durable deep MRs, and excellent long‐term survival outcomes in patients with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia.