bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment particle selectivity and its response to overland flow hydraulics within grass strips
Authors: Luo Mingjie , Pan Chengzhong , Cui Yongsheng , Wu Yun , Liu Chunlei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParticle selectivity plays an important role in clarifying sediment transport processes in vegetative filter strips (VFS). 10‐m long grass strips at slopes of 5° and 15° were subjected to a series of sediment‐laden inflows experiments with different particle sizes to investigate the sediment transport and its response to overland flow hydraulics. The inflow sediments came from local soil, river‐bed sand, and mixed, with median particle size d50 of 39.9, 207.9 and 77.4 μm, respectively. Three independent repeated experiments were carried for each treatment. The results show that when the sediment trapping lasted for a certain length of time, the re‐entrainment of some small‐sized particles was greater than the deposition; that is, net loss occurred, which was not erosion of the original soil. Net loss of particles is mainly determined by the particle diameter. The coarser the inflow sediment particles and/or the steeper the slope, the coarser the particles can be net lost. Deposited sediment causes the VFS bed surface to become smooth and hydraulic resistance decrease exponentially. Unit stream power P is more suitable than shear stress τ of overland flow to be used to describe the process of sediment particle transport in VFS. The relationship between P and d50 of outflow sediment is very consistent with the form of power function with a constant term. These results are helpful to understand the physical process of sediment transport on vegetation hillslopes.
Plasma cytomegalovirus DNA load predicts outcomes in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chien , Hsu Po‐Jung , Lee Jin‐Chiao , Wang Yu‐Chao , Cheng Chih‐Hsien , Wu Tsung‐Han , Wu Ting‐Jung , Chou Hong‐Shiue , Chan Kun‐Ming , Lee Wei‐Chen , Lee Chen‐Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a significant negative impact on liver transplant (LT) recipients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of real‐time DNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the early detection of CMV and predicting post‐transplant outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study that enrolled a total of 49 adult LT recipients between December 2016 and October 2019. Serial CMV qPCR were tested weekly. We used operating characteristic curve analysis to quantify qPCR replication numbers to decide the optimal threshold to predict posttransplant complications and overall survival.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off value of 180 copies/ml (=164 IU/ml) was determined. We had 40 patients in the low qPCR group (<180 copies/ml) and nine patients in the high qPCR group (≥180 copies/ml). Higher qPCR was associated with more severe CMV disease, early allograft dysfunction, major posttransplant complications, longer ICU stays, and lower 2‐year overall survival (OS; all p < .05). In the univariate logistic regression model, persistent DNAemia ≥ 4 weeks after anti‐CMV treatment, coexisted bacterial and/or fungal infection, and high CMV qPCR ≥ 180 copies/ml with p < .100. High CMV qPCR ≥ 180 copies/ml (p = .016; hazard ratio [HR] = 19.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73–219.49) remained to be the only independent risk factors for major complication by the multivariate analysis. The overall 2‐year OS rates were 92.5% and 66.7% in the low and the high qPCR group, respectively (p = .030).ConclusionOur findings support evidence that qPCR is effective in detecting CMV infection provides an objective perspective in predicting posttransplant outcomes. High plasma CMV DNA load (defined as CMV qPCR ≥ 180 copies/ml or 164 IU/ml) not only indicates a hazard in developing major posttransplant complications but also associates with prolonged and refractory treatment courses.
Opportunistic Screening Using Low-Dose CT and the Prevalence of Osteoporosis in China: A Nationwide, Multicenter Study
Authors: Cheng Xiaoguang , Zhao Kaiping , Zha Xiaojuan , Du Xia , Li Yongli , Chen Shuang , Wu Yan , Li Shaolin , Lu Yong , Zhang Yuqin , Xiao Xigang , Li YueHua , Ma Xiao , Gong Xiangyang , Chen Wei , Yang Yingying , Jiao Jun , Chen Bairu , Lv Yinru , Gao Jianbo , Hong GuoBin , Pan Yaling , Yan Yan , Qi Huijuan , Ran Limei , Zhai Jian , Wang Ling , Li Kai , Fu Haihong , Wu Jing , Liu Shiwei , Blake Glen M , Pickhardt Perry J , Ma Yuanzheng , Fu Xiaoxia , Dong Shengyong , Zeng Qiang , Guo Zhiping , Hind Karen , Engelke Klaus , Tian Wei ,   For the China Health Big Data (China Biobank) project investigators
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis can be performed using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging obtained for other clinical indications. In this study we explored the CT-derived bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteoporosis from thoracic LDCT in a large population cohort of Chinese men and women. A total of 69,095 adults (40,733 men and 28,362 women) received a thoracic LDCT scan for the purpose of lung cancer screening between 2018 and 2019, and data were obtained for analysis from the China Biobank Project, a prospective nationwide multicenter population study. Lumbar spine (L1–L2) trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was derived from these scans using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) software and the American College of Radiology QCT diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis were applied. Geographic regional differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis were assessed and the age-standardized, population prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese men and women was estimated from the 2010 China census. The prevalence of osteoporosis by QCT for the Chinese population aged &gt;50 years was 29.0% for women and 13.5% for men, equating to 49.0 million and 22.8 million, respectively. In women, this rate is comparable to estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), but in men, the prevalence is double. Prevalence varied geographically across China, with higher rates in the southwest and lower rates in the northeast. Trabecular vBMD decreased with age in both men and women. Women had higher peak trabecular vBMD (185.4 mg/cm3) than men (176.6 mg/cm3) at age 30 to 34 years, but older women had lower trabecular vBMD (62.4 mg/cm3) than men (92.1 mg/cm3) at age 80 years. We show that LDCT-based opportunistic screening could identify large numbers of patients with low lumbar vBMD, and that future cohort studies are now required to evaluate the clinical utility of such screening in terms of fracture prevention and supporting national health economic analyses. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Prospective case‐control study of enterovirus detection differences in children’s cerebrospinal fluid between multiplex PCR and real‐time RT‐PCR assay
Authors: You Dianping , Chen Fang , Li Jingjie , Zeng Xianping , Wang Weijian , Guo Yinghui , Yang Fan , Sun Suzhen , Wang Le 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundViral encephalitis is common in childhood. It is an acute brain parenchymal inflammation caused by a variety of viral infection, and enterovirus accounts for the majority. Due to atypical clinical manifestations, pathogenic testing is important for assisting clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the multiplex PCR assay compared with quantitative real‐time PCR for enterovirus detection.MethodsA prospective case‐control study was performed involving 103 pediatric patients suspected for viral encephalitis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and tested for 9 pathogens using multiplex PCR assay during April to November in 2018. In parallel, an aliquot of samples was tested for enterovirus infection by real‐time PCR assay.ResultsThere were 85.4% children were confirmed as viral encephalitis on discharge, the remaining ones were diagnosed as other CNS diseases, such as epilepsy. The specificity of the two methods was the same as that of the clinical diagnosis, but the sensitivity and consistency with clinical diagnosis of multiplex PCR were both higher than the real‐time PCR. Besides of enterovirus, multiplex PCR could also detect coinfection of enterovirus with Epstein‐Barr virus and mumps virus.ConclusionResults of multiplex PCR method are more consistent with the clinical diagnosis and are superior to real‐time PCR for detecting enterovirus in CSF.
Identification and external validation of the optimal FIB‐4 and APRI thresholds for ruling in chronic hepatitis B related liver fibrosis in tertiary care settings
Authors: Liu Kecheng , Qin Mengbin , Tao Kunlin , Liang Zhihai , Cai Fuqing , Zhao Liebin , Peng Peng , Liu Shiquan , Zou Jun , Huang Jiean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the initially defined thresholds, the most widely used serum biomarkers for staging liver fibrosis (ie, APRI and FIB‐4 scores) proved to be ineffective among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). Whether optimizing the FIB‐4 and APRI thresholds could improve their diagnostic accuracy requires further research.MethodsUsing data of treat‐naïve CHB patients from three tertiary hospitals, we explored the optimal FIB‐4 and APRI thresholds to rule in liver fibrosis accurately. Subsequently, we validated the applicability of the newly defined thresholds to the CHB patients from another two tertiary hospitals.ResultsThe fibrosis stages between discovery cohort (n = 433) and the external validation cohort (n = 568) were statistically different (P < .001). When ruling in significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis by the newly defined FIB‐4 thresholds (2.25 and 3.00, respectively), 24.0% and 14.3% of patients, respectively, could be classified with excellent accuracy (PPVs of 91.3% and 80.6%, respectively; misdiagnosis rates of 6.0% and 5.4%, respectively), supported by the internal and external validation tests. Regrettably, the more accurate and robust thresholds of APRI score for ruling in significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis could not be found. Besides, the FIB‐4 and APRI scores should not be recommended for ruling in cirrhosis because of poor clinical diagnostic performance.ConclusionThe newly defined FIB‐4 thresholds for ruling in significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis showed superior and reproducible clinical diagnostic accuracy. The well‐validated threshold (≥2.25) of FIB‐4 score could aid in antiviral treatment decisions for treat‐naïve adult CHB patients by accurately ruling in significant fibrosis in tertiary care settings.
Mesenchymal stem cells induce PD‐L1 expression through the secretion of CCL5 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Aboulkheyr Es Hamidreza , Bigdeli Bahareh , Zhand Sareh , Aref Amir R. , Thiery Jean P. , Warkiani Majid E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate the expression of PD‐L1 in cancer cells. In TME, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that MSCs can modulate the immune‐suppression capacity of TME through the stimulation of PD‐L1 expression in various cancers; nonetheless, their role in the induction of PD‐L1 in breast cancer remained elusive. Here, we assessed the potential of MSCs in the stimulation of PD‐L1 expression in a low PD‐L1 breast cancer cell line and explored its associated cytokine. We assessed the expression of MSCs‐related genes and their correlation with PD‐L1 across 1826 breast cancer patients from the METABRIC cohort. After culturing an ER+/differentiated/low PD‐L1 breast cancer cells with MSCs conditioned‐medium (MSC‐CM) in a microfluidic device, a variety of in‐vitro assays was carried out to determine the role of MSC‐CM in breast cancer cells' phenotype plasticity, invasion, and its effects on induction of PD‐L1 expression. In‐silico analysis showed a positive association between MSCs‐related genes and PD‐L1 expression in various types of breast cancer. Through functional assays, we revealed that MSC‐CM not only prompts a phenotype switch but also stimulates PD‐L1 expression at the protein level through secretion of various cytokines, especially CCL5. Treatment of MSCs with cytokine inhibitor pirfenidone showed a significant reduction in the secretion of CCL5 and consequently, expression of PD‐L1 in breast cancer cells. We concluded that MSCs‐derived CCL5 may act as a PD‐L1 stimulator in breast cancer.
Exposure‐Response and Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of a Novel Subcutaneous Formulation of Daratumumab Administered to Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Luo Man (Melody) , Usmani Saad Z. , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Nahi Hareth , Chari Ajai , San‐Miguel Jesus , Touzeau Cyrille , Suzuki Kenshi , Kaiser Martin , Carson Robin , Heuck Christoph , Qi Ming , Zhou Honghui , Sun Yu‐Nien , Parasrampuria Dolly A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure‐response analyses of a novel subcutaneous formulation of daratumumab (DARA) using data from 3 DARA subcutaneous monotherapy studies (PAVO Part 2, MMY1008, COLUMBA) and 1 combination therapy study (PLEIADES). Results were based on 5159 PK samples from 742 patients (DARA 1800 mg subcutaneously, n = 487 [monotherapy, n = 288; combination therapy, n = 199]; DARA 16 mg/kg intravenously, n = 255 [all monotherapy, in COLUMBA]; age, 33‐92 years; weight, 28.6‐147.6 kg). Subcutaneous and intravenous DARA monotherapies were administered once every week for cycles 1‐2, once every 2 weeks for cycles 3‐6, and once every 4 weeks thereafter (1 cycle is 28 days). The subcutaneous DARA combination therapy was administered with the adaptation of corresponding standard‐of‐care regimens. PK samples were collected between cycle 1 and cycle 12. Among monotherapy studies, throughout the treatment period, subcutaneous DARA provided similar/slightly higher trough concentrations (Ctrough) versus intravenous DARA, with lower maximum concentrations and smaller peak‐to‐trough fluctuations. The PK profile was consistent between subcutaneous DARA monotherapy and combination therapies. The exposure‐response relationship between daratumumab PK and efficacy or safety end points was similar for subcutaneous and intravenous DARA. Although the ≤65‐kg subgroup reported a higher incidence of neutropenia, no relationship was found between the incidence of neutropenia and exposure, which was attributed, in part, to the preexisting imbalance in neutropenia between subcutaneous DARA (45.5%) and intravenous DARA (19%) in patients ≤50 kg. A flat relationship was observed between body weight and any grade and at least grade 3 infections. The results support the DARA 1800‐mg subcutaneous flat dose as an alternative to the approved intravenous DARA 16 mg/kg.
Responsiveness of metallothionein and hemocyanin genes to cadmium and copper exposure in the garden snailCornu aspersum
Authors: Pedrini‐Martha Veronika , Schnegg Raimund , Schäfer Gabriela Giannina , Lieb Bernhard , Salvenmoser Willi , Dallinger Reinhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTerrestrial gastropods express metal‐selective metallothioneins (MTs) by which they handle metal ions such as Zn2+, Cd2+, and Cu+/Cu2+through separate metabolic pathways. At the same time, they depend on the availability of sufficient amounts of Cu as an essential constituent of their respiratory protein, hemocyanin (Hc). It was, therefore, suggested that in snails Cu‐dependent MT and Hc pathways might be metabolically connected. In fact, the Cu‐specific snail MT (CuMT) is exclusively expressed in rhogocytes, a particular molluscan cell type present in the hemocoel and connective tissues. Snail rhogocytes are also the sites of Hc synthesis. In the present study, possible interactions between the metal‐regulatory and detoxifying activity of MTs and the Cu demand of Hc isoforms was explored in the edible snailCornu aspersum, one of the most common European helicid land snails. This species possesses CdMT and CuMT isoforms involved in metal‐selective physiological tasks. In addition,C. aspersumexpresses three different Hc isoforms (CaH ɑD, CaH ɑN, CaH β). We have examined the effect of Cd2+and Cu2+exposure on metal accumulation in the midgut gland and mantle ofC. aspersum, testing the impact of these metals on transcriptional upregulation ofCdMT,CuMT, and the threeHcgenes in the two organs. We found that theCuMTandCaH ɑDgenes exhibit an organ‐specific transcriptional upregulation in the midgut gland of Cu‐exposed snails. These results are discussed in view of possible interrelationships between the metal‐selective activity of snail MT isoforms and the synthesis and metabolism of Hc isoforms.
Green synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives based on N‐arylidene‐2‐(1‐oxo‐4‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)phthalazin‐2(1H)‐yl)acetohydrazide as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Behalo Mohamed S. , El Said Ebtsam S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDesign of a new series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives was achieved in good yield via treatment of N‐arylidene‐2‐(1‐oxo‐4‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)phthalazin‐2(1H)‐yl)acetohydrazide with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate as a catalyst. They can be formulated also using one‐pot reaction of 2‐(1‐oxo‐4‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)phthalazin‐2(1H)‐yl)acetohydrazide, aromatic aldehyde and cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate in dichloromethane. The structural formulas of all synthesized products were elucidated based on their elemental and spectral analyses. In addition, MTT assay was used to evaluate antitumor activity of the synthesized molecules and some of them showed potent activity in comparison with Doxorubicin as a standard drug.
Cardiac pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice: Losartan modifies ERK1/2 activation during cardiac remodeling
Authors: Gonzalez Esteban Alberto , Tobar Leitão Santiago Alonso , Soares Douglas dos Santos , Tavares Angela Maria Vicente , Giugliani Roberto , Baldo Guilherme , Matte Ursula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha‐L‐iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that losartan and propranolol improved the cardiac function in MPS I mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the pathways influenced by these drugs may modulate the cardiac remodeling process in MPS I mice. According to our previous observation, losartan and propranolol restore the heart function, without altering valve thickness. MPS I mice presented reduced activation of AKT and ERK1/2, increased activity of cathepsins, but no alteration in metalloproteinase activity was observed. Animals treated with losartan showed a reduction in cathepsin activity and restored ERK1/2 activation. While both losartan and propranolol improved heart function, no mechanistic evidence was found for propranolol so far. Our results suggest that losartan or propranolol could be used to ameliorate the cardiac disease in MPS I and could be considered as adjuvant treatment candidates for therapy optimization.
An improved cuckoo search with reverse learning and invasive weed operators for suppressing sidelobe level of antenna arrays
Authors: Lin Peng , Wang Aimin , Zhang Lin , Wu Jing , Sun Geng , Liu Lingling , Lu Lingfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to overcome some shortcomings including the premature convergence and slow convergence speed at later evolution stage of conventional cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for the sidelobe suppressions of antenna arrays, an improved CS with reverse learning and invasive weed operators (ICSRLIWO) is proposed. First, ICSRLIWO algorithm generates reverse populations through opposition‐based learning method, then selects better individuals in the mixed population consists of the original and reversed population to form a high‐quality initial population. Second, ICSRLIWO introduces the reproducing, space diffusion and survival competition operators of invasive weed optimization to improve the population diversity and global search ability of conventional CS algorithm. Simulations are conducted based on 30 test functions in the CEC 2014 test suit to verify the performance of the proposed approach, and the results show that ICSRLIWO has higher solution accuracy and faster convergence speed than other comparison algorithms. In addition, ICSRLIWO also has advantages in solving the array antenna beam pattern optimization problems.
Motivations and segmentation of the demand for coastal cities: A study in Lima, Peru
Authors: Carvache‐Franco Mauricio , Carvache‐Franco Orly , Carvache‐Franco Wilmer , Alvarez‐Risco Aldo , Estrada‐Merino Alfredo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify the motivations and segmentation of demand in coastal cities. The present study was carried out in Lima, a tourist destination in the Peruvian Pacific Ocean coast. This quantitative study used a sample with 381 valid questionnaires. To analyze data, factor analysis and non‐hierarchical K‐means segmentation were performed. Results show six motivational factors: “Culture and nature,” “Authentic coastal experience,” “Novelty and social interaction,” “Learning,” “Sun and beach,” and “Nightlife.” The study presents three different segments of visitors: “Passive Tourists,” “Eco‐coastal,” and “Multiple motives.”
A Review of Otolaryngology Malpractice Cases with Associated Court Proceedings from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Ceremsak John , Miller Lauren E. , Gomez Ernest D. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo report key characteristics of the landscape of malpractice litigation with associated court proceedings in otolaryngology over the previous decade.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe LexisNexis database was queried to identify otolaryngology‐related malpractices cases that yielded court opinions, jury verdicts, and settlements from federal and state courts across the United States from 2010 to 2019. Cases settled outside of court were not identifiable. Provider subspecialty, procedures, error type, legal allegations, and case outcomes were recorded. Frequency of error type was compared between otolaryngology subspecialties using Fisher exact tests.ResultsNinety‐four medical malpractice cases related to otolaryngology with evidence of court proceedings were identified for the period between 2010 and 2019. An otolaryngologist was named as the sole defendant in 39 cases (41%). Rhinology was the most frequently implicated subspecialty (28% of all cases), followed by head and neck surgery (17%) and facial plastics (7%). Improper surgical performance was cited in nearly half of the identified cases (49%), followed by failure to diagnose/refer/treat (32%). Outcome and liability data were available for 56 cases (60%). Of these 56 cases, 50 (89%) were ruled in favor of the defendant otolaryngologist. Of the cases ruled in favor of the plaintiff, the average indemnity was $4.24 M (range, $150,000 M–$10.25 M). Fisher exact tests demonstrated statistically significant differences in consent issues (P = .040), failure to diagnose/refer/treat (P = .024), and improper surgical performance (P = .026) between subspecialties.ConclusionsIn a limited, database‐derived sample of medical malpractice cases involving otolaryngologists, trends in error type by subspecialty may warrant further investigation to identify specialty‐wide and subspecialty‐specific areas of practice improvement and education.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1081–E1085, 2021