bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Primer on Reliability via Coefficient Alpha and Omega
Authors: Padilla Miguel 
Published: October 2019

Reliability is an important property to established for a measurement instrument. There are several types of reliabilities and each with its own purposes. However, whether warranted or not, internal consistency via coefficient alpha has been the standard for establishing the reliability of a measurement instrument for over 60 years. During this time, coefficient omega was proposed as an alternative, but has remained obscured. Nonetheless, neither coefficient has been further developed since their inception until recent years. A clearer discussion of the three classical true score model forms and their relationship to reliability, computational methods, and the asymptotic distribution of coefficient alpha provided the foundation for fruitful confidence interval research for each coefficient. In this respect, the normal theory bootstrap CI is the most optimal for both coefficients. Even so, there is still more promising research to pursue.
Novel Approaches to Evaluate the Ability of Vehicles for Secured Transportation
Authors: Kocsis Bence , Vida Gábor , Szalay Zsolt , Ágoston György 
Published: October 2019

The assurance of process safety plays an important role in the field of information technology. Securing the information has become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. Whenever we think about the protected systems the first thing that comes to our mind can be malicious interventions which are increasing immensely day by day. Nowadays we live the world of huge automotive developments with the appearance of the demand for autonomous vehicles. On the other hand, technological developments also provide a lot of advantages for the society. The benefits of autonomous cars include reduced mobility costs, increased safety, increased mobility, significant reduction of traffic collisions. However, it cannot be forgotten that the extension of cyberspace affects the transportation increasingly. Accordingly, cars are produced with high level of connectivity and automation. Therefore, the risks arriving from the cyberspace can now endanger the safe and secured transportation. These tendencies shall motivate manufacturers and developers to permanently improve the ability of vehicles to protect themselves and their passengers.
After the protolanguage: Invisible convergence, false divergence and boundary shift
Authors: Häkkinen Jaakko 
Published: October 2019

I discuss the processes involved in the birth of a language family: what kind of processes can happen or may have happened between the common protolanguage and the present-day languages. I do not consider the subject at a purely theoretical level, but rather through examples drawn from the Uralic studies. I name certain processes which have not (to my knowledge) previously been explicitly analyzed. I also argue that the taxonomic structure of a language family cannot be reliably reconstructed on the basis of the lexical level, and even less so if based on lexical retentions, which has been the common practice in lexicostatistic studies.
Les avatars de quelques termes philosophiques occidentaux dans la langue chinoise
Authors: Lackner Michael 
Published: October 2019

Michael Lackner : Das schwierige Schicksal einiger westlicher philosophischer Begriffe im modemen Chines isch.
Was haben der deutsche Philosoph G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) und der chine-sische Denker Zhu Xi (1130-1200) miteinander gemein ? Gibt es einen Unterschied zwischen den Kategorien der abendlândischen Philosophie und den jiingst » entdeckten «fanchou der chinesischen Geistesgeschichte ? Der vorlie-gende Aufsatz versucht, die Problème der Neologismen in der chinesischen philo-sophischen Terminologie aufzuzeigen. Dabei stellt sich heraus, daB dem in China iiberaus beliebten Vergleich zwischen einheimischen und » auslàndischen «Denkern in etlichen Fallen ein linguistischer Fetischismus zugrundeliegt, der von Âhnlichkeiten der Obersetzungsterminologie mit Begriffen der traditionellen chinesischen Geistesgeschichte auf eine Wesensverwandtschaft zwischen » auslandischem «und eigenem Denken schlieBt. So kommen etwa Binôme mit dem Kompositum » li «(Muster, Ordnung, Prinzip) haiifig in den chinesischen Ubersetzungen der Werke Hegels vor. Wenn man die chinesischen Begriffe fur »Idee «, » Vernunft «, » Verstand «, » Ursache «etc. wieder trennt, bleibt stets » li «iibrig, was ja einen der zentralen Begriffe im Denken der Songzeit darstellt. Neben der philologischen Einsicht, daB die einzelnen Komposita (Schriftzeichen) von Wôrtem mehr Eigenleben besitzen als gemeinhin angenommen, erlaubt diese Beobachtung auch einen RiickschluB auf das politische Ziel derartiger Vergleiche : werrn Hegels Philosophie Schliisselbegriffe der traditionnellen » chinesischen Philosophie «enthàlt, dann hat letztere im Grande Hegel vorweggenommen, und die Bedeutung des » auslàndischen «Philosophen schwindet. Ein vergleichbares Ziel verfolgte die Erfindung der Kategorien in der Geistesgeschichte des traditionnellen China im Jahre 1981 : durch die Ubernahme eines westlichen Begriffes (Kategorien, fanchou) wurde einerseits der Spielraum der chinesischen Philosophiehistoriker nach Jahren der SchwarzweiBmalerei erweitert und anderer-seits dieses Vorgehen geadelt. Dabei vergaB man allerdings, daB Kategorien als universell verstanden werden miissen, andernfalls sie nur Begriffe einer » indigenous philosophy «sind.
Le docteur Dethève appelé en consultation par l'empereur Guangxu, Documents rassemblés et présentés par Serge Franzini
Authors: Franzini Serge 
Published: October 2019

Serge Franzini : Le docteur Dethève appelé en consultation par l'empereur Guangxu
Peu de temps après la fin de la «Réforme des cent jours», la consultation médicale de l'empereur Guangxu par le Dr Dethève le 18 octobre 1898 a été immédiatement rapportée et commentée dans la presse d'actualité. Curieusement, les ouvrages de référence ignorent encore cet événement, pourtant sans précédent dans l'histoire. Cet article rassemble les quelques mentions de la consultation dans les publications chinoises récentes et, plus longuement, les archives diplomatiques françaises qui permettent d'en reconstituer le déroulement. L'auteur expose certains éléments médicaux, tant à propos de la plainte de l'empereur que de l'interprétation du médecin français. Il se dégage clairement que le caractère historique d'abord reconnu à cette consultation a rapidement fait place à la conviction de son inanité.
Le dernier lingchi : faits, représentations, événement
Authors: Bourgon Jérôme 
Published: October 2019

Le 10 avril 1905, Fujuri subit la peine de mort par démembrement (lingchi) pour avoir tué son maître, le roi de la bannière mongole d’Aohan. Ce fut la dernière exécution par
lingchi avant son abrogation deux semaines plus tard. Comment expliquer qu’un tel verdict ait été maintenu et exécuté, alors qu’il entrait en contradiction avec le mouvement de réformes de la «Nouvelle gouvernance » (xinzheng), dont le coup d’envoi fut justement l’abolition des supplices de l’Ancien régime ? Les autorités tentèrent d’abord d’étouffer l’affaire, mais des impératifs complexes, tenant à la fois aux relations entre Mongols et Mandchous au sein du régime des Qing et à la situation géostratégique de la Chine à ce moment, ont semblé rendre l’exécution inévitable. Cette dernière concession à l’ordre ancien pouvait sembler un choix rationnel, compte tenu des circonstances. Pourtant, l’événement a eu des conséquences imprévisibles et incalculables sur l’image de la Chine : l’exécution fut photographiée par des soldats français, et ces photographies ont donné corps à point nommé au fantasme naissant du «supplice chinois ».
Autonomia e gestão das escolas públicas. O Decreto-Lei n.º 75/2008, de 22 de Abril
Authors: Jesus Almeida Alberto de 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como base de análise o novo Decreto-Lei n.º 75/2008, de 22 de Abril, que instituiu um novo modelo de gestão e administração das escolas públicas portuguesas do ensino não superior.
Como suporte ideológico estará certamente o carácter unipessoal e omnipresente do cargo de Director, bem como os poderes dele decorrentes e daqueles que o acompanham, dependentes dele directamente. É manifesto neste artigo a nossa opinião sobre a posição das autarquias no seu principal órgão de gestão, conduzindo em muitos casos a um controlo directo e não já remoto da maioria dos seus elementos e directamente influenciador na eleição da figura do Director.
Palavras-chave: Decreto-Lei n.º 75/2008; direcção e gestão das escolas; directores das escolas.
BEBAN PERAWATAN PADA KELUARGA DENGAN PENDERITA GANGGUAN JIWA DI DESA KEBONSARI
Authors: Annisa Faida 
Published: October 2019

Keluarga penderita gangguan jiwa berat yang ada di Indonesia, terutama di Jawa Timur, telah memiliki sikap yang positif dan cukup baik dalam melakukan perawatan kepada anggota keluarganya yang menderita gangguan jiwa berat. Sikap tersebut terbangun dengan proses yang cukup lama sehingga mereka belajar untuk memahami dan mulai memberikan dukungan sosial kepada anggota keluarganya yang menderita gangguan jiwa berat. Selain itu, keluarga-keluarga dengan penderita gangguan jiwa berat ini masih memerlukan pertolongan dari petugas kesehatan guna memberikan informasi-informasi terkait dengan keadaan anggota keluarganya yang menderita gangguan jiwa berat tersebut.Â Key words: Beban perawatan, penderita gangguan jiwa, keluarga.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG MENSTRUASI DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DALAM MENGHADAPI MENARCHE PADA SISWI KELAS IV DAN V SDI DARUL HIKMAH KRIAN SIDOARJO
Authors: Anggraeni Widya , Sari Kurnia Indriyanti Purnama 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Menarche merupakan menstruasi pertama kali pada masa awal remaja. Dimasyarakat, masalah menstruasi masih dianggap tabu untuk dibicarakan, sehingga remaja awal kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang cukup baik tentang perubahan fisik dan psikologis terkait menarche. Biasanya remaja putri mengalami kegelisahan, adanya rasa takut, kerisauan dan kecemasan ketika menghadapi menarche.Purpose: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang menstruasi dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menarche.Method: Desain penelitian ini adalah Analitik dengan metode Cross Sectional, populasi sebanyak 41 siswi kelas IV dan V yang belum dan sudah menstruasi di SDN Sadar Tengah Mojoanyar Sampel sebanyak 38 siswi dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diambil dari 2 variabel yang ada, yaitu pengetahuan remaja tentang menstruasi, dan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menarche, dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Setelah ditabulasi, data yang ada dianalisis menggunakan uji statistic spearman Rho denganÂ tingkat kemaknaan Î±<0,05.Results: Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh data paling banyak responden bepengetahuan baik mengalami cemas ringan yaitu 17 siswi (44,73%), berpengetahuan cukup mengalami cemas sedang sebanyak 8 siswi (18,42%), dan yang berpengetahuan kurang mengalami cemas ringan sebanyak 3 siswi (7.89%). Berdasarkan analisa data diketahui Ï=0,009 nilai signifikansi Î±=0,05 yang artinya H1 diterima ada hubungan antara pengetahuan remaja putri tentang menstruasi dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi menarche SDI Darul Hikmah Krian Sidoarjo.Conclusion: Melihat hasil penelitian bahwa, semakin baik pengetahuannya maka semakin rendah tingkat kecemasannya, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor di antaranya pengetahuan, umur, perkembangan kepribadian. Hal ini perlu adanya informasi dan konseling tentang menarche untuk meminimalkan kecemasan.Â Key words: Pengetahuan, Remaja, Menstruasi, Kecemasan, Menarche.
ANALYSIS OF STIMULATION AUDITORY SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN AGES 12-24 MONTHS IN 19 TH AND 20 TH NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATION, TAWANGSARI BARAT VILLAGE, SIDOARJO, EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus firda , Andini Erin 
Published: October 2019

Background: Speech delay is a problem that occurs in society commonly found in children. One of the factors affecting language development is the early sensory perception stimulation.Objectives: This study was purposed to analyze the correlation between early sensory perception stimulation and language development in children aged 12-24 months.Methods: This observational study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. It involved 34 parents and their children aged 12-24 months as the population, in which 32 parents and their children were taken as the samples using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the early sensory perception stimulation, whereas the dependent variable was language development. The instruments used in this study were questionnaire and observation sheets. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test with the significance level of Î± = 0.05.Results: The results of this study showed that nearly all of the respondents (89.5%) provided their children with the early sensory perception stimulation sufficiently. Consequently, most of the children (62.5%) experienced language development sufficiently. Moreover, the correlation test using Spearman's rank test showed that Sig. = 0.000 (p < 0.05) illustrating that p <Î± so that Ho was rejected. This result showed that there was a correlation between early sensory perception stimulation and language development in children aged 12-24 months.Conclusion: The early sensory perception stimulation which is given well to children will result in optimal language development. Hence, the health workers, especially the nurses, are expected to provide the family with a counseling program about the importance of giving the early sensory perception stimulation to children to optimize their language development.Â Key words: Early sensory perception stimulation, language development.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of 13 Traits in Maize Seedlings under Low Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Wang Qing‐Jun , Yuan Yibing , Liao Zhengqiao , Jiang Yi , Wang Qi , Zhang Litian , Gao Shibin , Wu Fengkai , Li Menglu , Xie Wubing , Liu Tianhong , Xu Jie , Liu Yaxi , Feng Xuanjun , Lu Yanli 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
Low P stress is a global issue for grain production.
Significant phenotypic differences were detected among 13 traits in 356 maize lines under P‐sufficient and P‐deficient conditions.
Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and low‐P stress‐responsive genes were identified for 13 maize root traits based on a genome‐wide association study.
Hap5, harboring 12 favorable SNPs, could enhance strong root systems and P absorption under low‐P stress.
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient required for normal plant growth and development. Determining the genetic basis of root traits will enhance our understanding of maize's (Zea mays L.) tolerance to low‐P stress. Here, we identified significant phenotypic differences for 13 traits in maize seedlings subjected to P‐sufficient and P‐deficient conditions. Six extremely sensitive and seven low‐P stress tolerant inbreds were selected from 356 inbred lines of maize. No significant differences were observed between temperate and tropical–subtropical groups with respect to trait ratios associated with the adaptation to low‐P stress. The broad‐sense heritability of these traits ranged from relatively moderate (0.59) to high (0.90). Through genome‐wide association mapping with 541,575 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 551, 1140 and 1157 significant SNPs were detected for the 13 traits in 2012, 2016 and both years combined, respectively, along with 23 shared candidate genes, seven of which overlapped with reported quantitative trait loci and genes for low‐P stress. Five haplotypes located in candidate gene GRMZM2G009544 were identified; among these, Hap5, harboring 12 favorable SNP alleles, showed significantly greater values for the root traits studied than the other four haplotypes under both experimental conditions. The candidate genes and favorable haplotypes and alleles identified here provide promising resources for genetic studies and molecular breeding for improving tolerance to abiotic stress in maize.
Proof of Value in Automating the Drill Floor
Authors: Angelle Jeremy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is commonly known that the drilling sector of the oil and gas industry has lagged other batch and process industries such as the automotive and aerospace industries in terms of adopting new technologies. Historically, the oil and gas industry has been risk-adverse to deploying new technologies typically using the mindset "If isn’t broken, do not fix it". Technologies that have made it through commercialization have typically centered around solving a problem or accomplishing something that has not been done before, such as the ability to install heavier tubular strings or the ability to complete a well in an environment not previously accomplishable. However, lower commodity pricing is forcing the industry to become more cost-effective at drilling all types wells such that the industry can remain profitable in the current environment. This has created a technology trend to drill wells at a lower cost, which has put a focus on process improvement and process optimization, something not heavily focused on previously. Borrowing off other industries, an accelerated rate of adopting new technologies is being realized, especially digital and robotic technologies that can remove personnel from the rig floor and automate processes that are repetitive in nature. The drill floor is naturally seen as an area where the repetitious nature of pipe handling, installation, and removal can be automated for safety and efficiency. Although technologies do currently exist to mechanize the process, further automation of the process without compromising the functions required at well center has been difficult to be viewed as value added and profitable. Based on experience and research on these operations, proof of value can be demonstrated to show what makes sense in terms of automating the drill floor.
Atlanta Field: Operational Safety and Integrity Management
Authors: Siqueira Jorge Ricardo , Pedroso Carlos Alberto , Bastos Fernando , Alves Helio , Henriques Amanda , Wardlaw Stuart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The publication of ANP Resolution 41/2015, which established the Operational Safety Regulation for Subsea System – SGSS and ANP Resolution 46/2016, that established the Technical Regulation of the Well Integrity Management System - SGIP, defined that Operator Companies operating in Brazil must have integrity management programs for their assets, specifically related to wells and subsea system equipment.
The Regulations are non-prescriptive, giving the Operators freedom to establish their own integrity management philosophy and methodology. On the other hand, a Company can choose how to set up its integrity management program. Furthermore, many technical decisions must be made to comply with the regulations.
In a scenario where operational safety and integrity management can both further develop, implementing a system that manage and monitor all datas related to these issues is a big challenge.
This paper shows how a Brazilian independent oil and gas Operator implemented these regulations and which technical solutions were considered in order to manage the integrity of its assets and maintain a high level of operational safety in its operations.
Magnetic Drive System with Levitated Flow-Through Permanent Magnet Motors and Magnetic Bearings to Increase the Reliability and Retrievability of Electrical Submersible Pumps for Offshore Production
Authors: Chen Kuo-Chiang , Artinian Herman , Harris Dennis , Xiao Jinjiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new technology, Magnetic Drive System (MDS), to increase reliability and retrievability of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) is described. With the improved reliability and retrievability, the production uptime of oil wells with artificial lift and the total cost of ownership of ESPs are improved significantly.
An industry survey and literature review were conducted to identify the aspects of the ESP and the failure-prone ESP subsystems to improve upon. Based on the findings, the MDS technology is developed to improve ESP reliability by isolating the failure modes and to improve ESP retrievability by enabling fast deployments and retrievals from wells. Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) models based on field observed failure mechanisms are applied to identify the impacts of isolating various failure modes on ESP reliability. The total cost of ownership (TCO) is calculated to illustrate the advantages of the MDS system to increase production gains and reduce costs.
Analysis on ESP reliability shows that the electrical system is the primary ESP failure mode, covering more than 50% of the failures. Models based on field data from the literature review shows that MTBF can be more than tripled if these failures are eliminated. The MDS topology places all the electrical components, including motor stators, cables and penetrators, of an ESP in the isolated annulus space between the permanent completion and tubing, leaving only the mechanical components, including the permanent magnet motor rotors and pump stages, inside the production tubing. In this case, the electrical components are well protected from the hostile produced fluids, so that the failures modes of the electrical system are eliminated. Since the retrievable string has no electrical components, such as thousands of feet of power cable, the deployments and retrievals of the retrievable string can be easily done by slickline. The larger motor stator and higher power density enabled by enhanced heat dissipation of the MDS topology dramatically increase the motor horsepower and shorten the motor length, thus increasing the production gains of the ESP. Reliability and retrievability are further improved due to the elimination of motor protectors and replaced by the "built-in" magnetic coupling between the MDS motor stator and rotor. With the improved reliability, retrievability, and motor performance simultaneously, MDS reduces the total cost of ownership by more than 70% in some cases compared with the conventional tubing-hung ESP, enables live well deployment and retrieval, reduces production downtime and intervention complexity, and protects reservoir productivity.