bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Metapneumovirus Infection and Genotyping of Infants in Rural Nepal
Authors: Perchetti Garrett A , Wilcox Naomi , Chu Helen Y , Katz Joanne , Khatry Subarna K , LeClerq Steven C , Tielsch James M , Jerome Keith R , Englund Janet A , Kuypers Jane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute respiratory tract infections are a serious clinical burden in infants; human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important etiological agent. We investigated genotypic variation and molecular epidemiological patterns among infants infected with HMPV in Sarlahi, Nepal, to better characterize infection in a rural, low-resource setting.

Methods
Between May 2011 and April 2014, mid-nasal swabs were collected from 3528 infants who developed respiratory symptoms during a longitudinal maternal influenza vaccine study. Sequencing glycoprotein genes permitted genotyping and analyses among subtypes.

Results
HMPV was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 187 (5%) infants, with seasonality observed during fall and winter months. Phylogenetic investigation of complete and partial coding sequences for the F and G genes, respectively, revealed that 3 genotypes were circulating: A2, B1, and B2. HMPV-B was most frequently detected with a single type predominating each season. Both HMPV genotypes exhibited comparable median viral loads. Clinically significant differences between genotypes were limited to increased cough duration and general respiratory symptoms for type B.

Conclusions
In rural Nepal, multiple HMPV genotypes circulate simultaneously with an alternating predominance of a single genotype and definitive seasonality. No difference in viral load was detected by genotype and symptom severity was not correlated with RT-PCR cycle threshold or genotype.
Molecular pathogenesis of pediatric thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Mitsutake Norisato , Saenko Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
There has been little understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of pediatric thyroid cancers. Most of them are histologically classified as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Ionizing radiation is the most important environmental factor to induce PTC, especially in children. Particularly, radiation-related pediatric PTCs after the Chernobyl accident provided invaluable information. In addition, the recent accumulation of sporadic pediatric PTC cases, partly due to advances in diagnostic imaging, has also provided insight into their general pathogenesis. In PTC development, basically two types of genetic alterations, fusion oncogenes, mainly RET/PTC, and a point mutation, mainly BRAFV600E, are thought to play a key role as driver oncogenes. Their frequencies vary depending on patient age. The younger the age, the more prevalent the fusion oncogenes are. Higher incidence of fusion oncogenes was also observed in cases exposed to radiation. In short, fusion oncogenes are associated with both age and radiation and are not evidence of radiation exposure. The type of driver oncogene is shifted toward BRAFV600E during adolescence in sporadic PTCs. However, until about this age, fusion oncogenes seem to still confer dominant growth advantages, which may lead to the higher discovery rate of the fusion oncogenes. It has been postulated that RET/PTC in radiation-induced PTC is generated by ionizing radiation; however, there is an interesting hypothesis that thyroid follicular cell clones with pre-existing RET/PTC were already present, and radiation may play a role as a promoter/progressor but not initiator. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) promoter mutations, which are the strongest marker of tumor aggressiveness in adult PTC cases, have not been detected in pediatric cases; however, TERT expression without the mutations may play a role in tumor aggressiveness. In this paper, the recent information regarding molecular findings in sporadic and radiation-associated pediatric PTCs is summarized.
Splenosis mimicking lymphadenopathy
Authors: Chorbińska Joanna , Krajewski Wojciech , Sroczyński Maciej , Guziński Maciej , Zdrojowy Romuald 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Splenosis is an autotransplantation of splenic tissue following traumatic rupture of the spleen or splenectomy. Generally, splenosis is asymptomatic. Therefore, most cases are incidental findings made during surgery, autopsy or after imaging studies for other purposes. Splenosis is a benign phenomenon, but it often shows similarity to the metastatic process. We present a case of asymptomatic intraperitoneal splenosis occurring in a 57-year-old male, in whom computed tomography urography showed lymphadenopathy suggesting a neoplastic process. A reconnaissance laparotomy was performed, and specimens were taken and sent for histopathological examination. The microscopic image of all the collected lesions corresponded to the normal spleen tissue. Due to an increasing number of traffic accidents, it is worth taking abdominal splenosis into consideration in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like changes, especially in patients with a history of splenic trauma or spleen removal. As a result, unnecessary surgery can be avoided in many cases.
XMM–Newton study of X-ray sources in the field of Willman 1 dwarf spheroidal galaxy★
Authors: Saeedi Sara , Sasaki Manami 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of the analysis of three XMM–Newton observations of the Willman 1 dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Wil 1). X-ray sources are classified on the basis of spectral analysis, hardness ratios, X-ray-to-optical flux ratio, X-ray variability, and cross-correlation with available catalogues in optical and infrared wavelengths. We catalogued 97 sources in the field of Wil 1. Our classification shows the presence of a β-type symbiotic star in Wil 1. We classified one M dwarf foreground star in the field of Wil 1. Moreover, 54 sources are classified as background active galactic nuclei and galaxies. Our study shows that the luminosity of the X-ray sources of Wil 1 does not exceed ∼1034 erg s−1 in the energy range of 0.2–12.0 keV, which is similar to observed luminosities of sources in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
A deep Chandra survey for faint X-ray sources in the Galactic globular cluster M30, and searches for optical and radio counterparts
Authors: Zhao Yue , Heinke Craig O , Cohn Haldan N , Lugger Phyllis M , Guillot Sebastien , Echiburú Constanza , Shishkovsky Laura , Strader Jay , Chomiuk Laura , Bahramian Arash , Miller-Jones James C A , Maccarone Thomas J , Tremou Evangelia , Sivakoff Gregory R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a deep (∼330 ks) Chandra survey of the Galactic globular cluster M30 (NGC 7099). Combining the new Cycle 18 with the previous Cycle 3 observations we report a total of 10 new X-ray point sources within the 1${_{.}^{\prime}}$03 half-light radius, compiling an extended X-ray catalogue of a total of 23 sources. We incorporate imaging observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array from the MAVERIC survey to search for optical and radio counterparts to the new and old sources. Two X-ray sources are found to have a radio counterpart, including the known millisecond pulsar PSR J2140−2310A, the radio position of which also matches a previously reported faint optical counterpart which is slightly redder than the main sequence. We found optical counterparts to 18 of the 23 X-ray sources, identifying two new cataclysmic variables (CVs), five new CV candidates, two new candidates of RS CVn type of active binary (AB), and two new candidates of BY Dra type of AB. The remaining unclassified X-ray sources are likely background active galactic nuclei (AGNs), as their number is consistent with the expected number of AGN at our X-ray sensitivity. Finally, our analysis of radial profiles of different source classes suggests that bright CVs are more centrally distributed than faint CVs in M30, consistent with other core-collapsed globular clusters.
SiO emission as a probe of cloud–cloud collisions in infrared dark clouds
Authors: Cosentino G , Jiménez-Serra I , Henshaw J D , Caselli P , Viti S , Barnes A T , Tan J C , Fontani F , Wu B 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are very dense and highly extincted regions that host the initial conditions of star and stellar cluster formation. It is crucial to study the kinematics and molecular content of IRDCs to test their formation mechanism and ultimately characterize these initial conditions. We have obtained high-sensitivity Silicon Monoxide, SiO(2–1), emission maps towards the six IRDCs, G018.82–00.28, G019.27+00.07, G028.53–00.25, G028.67+00.13, G038.95–00.47, and G053.11+00.05 (cloud A, B, D, E, I, and J, respectively), using the 30-m antenna at the Instituto de Radioastronomía Millimétrica (IRAM30m). We have investigated the SiO spatial distribution and kinematic structure across the six clouds to look for signatures of cloud–cloud collision events that may have formed the IRDCs and triggered star formation within them. Towards clouds A, B, D, I, and J, we detect spatially compact SiO emission with broad-line profiles that are spatially coincident with massive cores. Towards the IRDCs A and I, we report an additional SiO component that shows narrow-line profiles and that is widespread across quiescent regions. Finally, we do not detect any significant SiO emission towards cloud E. We suggest that the broad and compact SiO emission detected towards the clouds is likely associated with ongoing star formation activity within the IRDCs. However, the additional narrow and widespread SiO emission detected towards cloud A and I may have originated from the collision between the IRDCs and flows of molecular gas pushed towards the clouds by nearby H ii regions.
Candidate Periodically Variable Quasars from the Dark Energy Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors: Chen Yu-Ching , Liu Xin , Liao Wei-Ting , Holgado A Miguel , Guo Hengxiao , Gruendl Robert A , Morganson Eric , Shen Yue , Zhang Kaiwen , Abbott Tim M C , Aguena Michel , Allam Sahar , Avila Santiago , Bertin Emmanuel , Bhargava Sunayana , Brooks David , Burke David L , Rosell Aurelio Carnero , Carollo Daniela , Kind Matias Carrasco , Carretero Jorge , Costanzi Matteo , da Costa Luiz N , Davis Tamara M , De Vicente Juan , Desai Shantanu , Diehl H Thomas , Doel Peter , Everett Spencer , Flaugher Brenna , Friedel Douglas , Frieman Joshua , García-Bellido Juan , Gaztanaga Enrique , Glazebrook Karl , Gruen Daniel , Gutierrez Gaston , Hinton Samuel R , Hollowood Devon L , James David J , Kim Alex G , Kuehn Kyler , Kuropatkin Nikolay , Lewis Geraint F , Lidman Christopher , Lima Marcos , Maia Marcio A G , March Marisa , Marshall Jennifer L , Menanteau Felipe , Miquel Ramon , Palmese Antonella , Paz-Chinchón Francisco , Plazas Andrés A , Sanchez Eusebio , Schubnell Michael , Serrano Santiago , Sevilla-Noarbe Ignacio , Smith Mathew , Suchyta Eric , Swanson Molly E C , Tarle Gregory , Tucker Brad E , Varga Tamas Norbert , Walker Alistair R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Periodically variable quasars have been suggested as close binary supermassive black holes. We present a systematic search for periodic light curves in 625 spectroscopically confirmed quasars with a median redshift of 1.8 in a 4.6 deg2 overlapping region of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova (DES-SN) fields and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 (SDSS-S82). Our sample has a unique 20-year long multi-color (griz) light curve enabled by combining DES-SN Y6 observations with archival SDSS-S82 data. The deep imaging allows us to search for periodic light curves in less luminous quasars (down to r ∼23.5 mag) powered by less massive black holes (with masses ≳ 108.5M⊙) at high redshift for the first time. We find five candidates with significant (at &gt;99.74% single-frequency significance in at least two bands with a global p-value of ∼7 × 10−4–3× 10−3 accounting for the look-elsewhere effect) periodicity with observed periods of ∼3–5 years (i.e., 1–2 years in rest frame) having ∼4–6 cycles spanned by the observations. If all five candidates are periodically variable quasars, this translates into a detection rate of ${\sim }0.8^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$% or ${\sim }1.1^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$ quasar per deg2. Our detection rate is 4–80 times larger than those found by previous searches using shallower surveys over larger areas. This discrepancy is likely caused by differences in the quasar populations probed and the survey data qualities. We discuss implications on the future direct detection of low-frequency gravitational waves. Continued photometric monitoring will further assess the robustness and characteristics of these candidate periodic quasars to determine their physical origins.
Stellar flares versus luminosity: XUV-induced atmospheric escape and planetary habitability
Authors: Atri Dimitra , Mogan Shane R Carberry 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Space weather plays an important role in the evolution of planetary atmospheres. Observations have shown that stellar flares emit energy in a wide energy range (1030–1038 erg), a fraction of which lies in X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (XUV). These flares heat the upper atmosphere of a planet, leading to increased escape rates, and can result in atmospheric erosion over a period of time. Observations also suggest that primordial terrestrial planets can accrete voluminous H/He envelopes. Stellar radiation can erode these protoatmospheres over time, and the extent of this erosion has implications for the planet’s habitability. We use the energy-limited equation to calculate hydrodynamic escape rates from these protoatmospheres irradiated by XUV stellar flares and luminosity. We use the flare frequency distribution of 492 FGKM stars observed with TESS to estimate atmospheric loss in habitable zone planets. We find that for most stars, luminosity-induced escape is the main loss mechanism, with a minor contribution from flares. However, flares dominate the loss mechanism of ∼20 per cent M4–M10 stars. M0–M4 stars are most likely to completely erode both their proto- and secondary atmospheres, and M4–M10 are least likely to erode secondary atmospheres. We discuss the implications of these results on planetary habitability.
A Phase II and Pharmacodynamic Trial of RO4929097 for Patients With Recurrent/Progressive Glioblastoma
Authors: Peereboom David M , Ye Xiaobu , Mikkelsen Tom , Lesser Glenn J , Lieberman Frank S , Robins H Ian , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , Sloan Andrew E , Grossman Stuart A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cancer stem-like cells are a major cause of resistance to therapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) as well as other cancers. Tumor cells are maintained in a stem-like proliferative state in large part through the Notch signaling pathway. The function of this pathway in turn depends on gamma secretase activity. Inhibition of this enzyme therefore inhibits the Notch pathway and tumor growth as measured by a reduction in the formation of brain tumor neurospheres in murine models. RO4929097 is an oral gamma secretase inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the 6-mo progression-free survival rate (PFS6) in patients with progressive GBM and to inhibit by 50% the generation of neurospheres in fresh tissue resected from patients treated with RO4929097.

METHODS
In this phase II and pharmacodynamic study, patients with recurrent GBM received RO4929097 in a study of 2 groups. Group A patients had unresectable disease and received drug in a standard phase II design. Group B patients had resectable disease and received drug before and after surgical resection. Endpoints included PFS6 and the inhibition of neurosphere formation in the resected tumor samples.

RESULTS
A total of 47 patients received treatment, 7 of whom had tumor resection. The PFS6 was 4%, and the inhibition of neurosphere formation occurred in 1 of 7 patient samples.

CONCLUSION
RO4929097 was inactive in recurrent GBM patients and demonstrated minimal inhibition of neurosphere formation in fresh tissue samples.
The Bishop as Lawmaker in Late Medieval Europe
Authors: Dorin Rowan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Throughout the later Middle Ages, bishops across Latin Christendom issued statutes to guide the clergy and instruct the faithful within their dioceses. Following the lead of medieval jurists, modern scholars have understood this local episcopal legislation as disseminating and reinforcing the so-called ‘universal law’ promulgated by popes and general church councils. Yet a closer look at the surviving corpus of diocesan statutes reveals bishops’ readiness to wield selective citations and editorial omissions so as to shape local knowledge of church law in accordance with episcopal priorities. More broadly, this article contends that such local law-making also offered bishops a means to resist the papacy’s increasing claims to legislative and jurisdictional supremacy within the church. Faced with a wealth of new legislation that was firmly papalist in its origin and presentation, many bishops opted to emphasize their law-making authority by framing their borrowings of the universal law as emanations of their own episcopal will. The resulting corpus of diocesan statutes thus expressed in practice a vision of episcopal authority that differed sharply from the prescriptions of popes and jurists, and which presaged the explosive ecclesiological controversies of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
The Effectiveness of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain and Chronic Neuropathic Pain of the Lower Extremity: A Comprehensive Review of the Published Data
Authors: Nagpal Ameet , Clements Nathan , Duszynski Belinda , Boies Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of dorsal root ganglion neurostimulation for the treatment of refractory, focal pain in the pelvis and lower extremities.DesignSystematic review.Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was ≥50% pain relief. Secondary outcomes were physical function, mood, quality of life, opioid usage, and complications.ResultsOne pragmatic randomized controlled trial, four prospective cohort studies, and eight case series met the inclusion criteria. A worst-case scenario analysis from the randomized controlled trial reported ≥50% pain relief in 74% of patients with dorsal root ganglion neurostimulation vs. 51% of patients who experienced at least 50% relief with spinal cord stimulation at 3 months. Cohort data success rates ranged from 43% to 83% at ≤6 months and 27% to 100% at &gt;6 months. Significant improvements were also reported in the secondary outcomes assessed, including mood, quality of life, opioid usage, and health care utilization, though a lack of available quantitative data limits further statistical analysis. Complication rates vary, though the only randomized controlled trial reported a higher rate of adverse events than that seen with traditional neurostimulation.ConclusionsIn accordance with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, low-quality evidence supports dorsal root ganglion neurostimulation as a more effective treatment than traditional neurostimulation for pain and dysfunction associated with complex regional pain syndrome or causalgia. Very low-quality evidence supports dorsal root ganglion neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, chronic neuropathic groin pain, phantom limb pain, chronic neuropathic pain of the trunk and/or limbs, and diabetic neuropathy.
Immorality and Transgressive Art: An Argument for Immoralism in the Philosophy of Art
Authors: Li Zhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe position of immoralism in analytic aesthetics and the philosophy of art holds that a work's moral defects can sometimes contribute to its artistic value. This position has suffered massive criticism in recent years. In support of immoralism, I present in this paper a new argument by examining immorality in the artistic genre of transgressive art. I argue that in the category of transgressive art, due to the nature of immorality that is a transgressive and liberating force against morality's authority, being immoral can contribute directly to an artwork's artistic value by contributing to the realization of its artistic aim.
First limits from a 3D-vector directional dark matter search with the NEWAGE-0.3b’ detector
Authors: Yakabe Ryota , Nakamura Kiseki , Ikeda Tomonori , Ito Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Yushiro , Taishaku Ryosuke , Nakazawa Miki , Ishiura Hirohisa , Nakamura Takuma , Shimada Takuya , Tanimori Toru , Kubo Hidetoshi , Takada Atsushi , Sekiya Hiroyuki , Takeda Atsushi , Miuchi Kentaro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The first directional dark matter search with three-dimensional tracking with head–tail sensitivity (3D-vector tracking analysis) was performed with a gaseous three-dimensional tracking detector, or the NEWAGE-0.3b’ detector. The search was carried out from 2013 July to 2017 August (Run14 to Run18) at the Kamioka underground laboratory. The total livetime is 434.85 d, corresponding to an exposure of 4.51 kg$\&gt;$d. A 90 % confidence level upper limit on spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross-section of $4.3\times10^{2}$ pb for WIMPs with the mass of 150 GeV$\&gt;c^{-2}$ is obtained.
A Tale of Two Crises: The 2008 Mortgage Meltdown and the 2020 COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Spatt Chester S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe causes and consequences of the 2008 mortgage meltdown and 2020 COVID-19 crisis are quite different: the 2008 mortgage meltdown reflected infection of the financial system due to excess leverage and poor-quality mortgage loans, and the recent crisis reflects a substantial global economic shock to contain the viral outbreak of the coronavirus. Yet the financial and medical systems share many elements, such as opacity and interconnectedness as well as adequate buffers and reserves. We examine these themes as well as asset pricing, moral hazard (though it was at the root of the crisis only in the Great Recession), the consequences for government as a systemic actor, economic concentration, and capital market regulation in the two crises. In both crises, interventions in financial markets and disruptions in the housing market played important, but differing, roles. The recent crisis elucidates open questions about the foundation of financial economics and risk sharing.
COMPARISON OF RADON MASS EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS FROM BUILDING MATERIALS BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS
Authors: Soares Sandra , Kessongo Joaquim , Bahu Yoenls , Peralta Luis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to measure the radon mass exhalation rate from common granite building materials used in the east and northeast part of Portugal. Twelve cubic shaped samples were measured. Nine of them without any coating and three coated with different materials (varnish, hydrorepellent and liquid silicone). The radon measurements were performed with two different techniques: one using passive detectors and other using an active detector. For the passive method, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were used. The active method used the RAD7 DURRIDGE detector. Radon mass exhalation rates obtained from both methods present relatively low values in the 11–45 mBq kg−1 h−1 range for the analysed samples. Concerning the coated samples, the measured values are on average four times lower than the ones without coating. Overall, the measured values for both methods present a good agreement.