bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of non-living animals as simulation models for cranial neurosurgical procedures: a literature review
Authors: Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. , Hoz Samer S. , Alrawi Mohammed A. , Sabah Mohammed A. , Albanaa Saja A. , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSimulation plays a pivotal role in neurosurgical training by allowing trainees to develop the requisite expertise to enhance patient safety. Several models have been used for simulation purposes. Non-living animal models offer a range of benefits, including affordability, availability, biological texture, and a comparable similarity to human anatomy. In this paper, we review the available literature on the use of non-living animals in neurosurgical simulation training. We aim to answer the following questions: (1) what animals have been used so far, (2) what neurosurgical approaches have been simulated, (3) what were the trainee tasks, and (4) what was the experience of the authors with these models. A search of the PubMed Medline database was performed to identify studies that examined the use of non-living animals in cranial neurosurgical simulation between 1990 and 2020. Our initial search yielded a total of 70 results. After careful screening, we included 22 articles for qualitative analysis. We compared the reports in terms of the (1) animal used, (2) type of surgery, and (3) trainee tasks.All articles were published between 2003 and 2019. These simulations were performed on three types of animals, namely sheep, cow, and swine. All authors designed specific, task-oriented approaches and concluded that the models used were adequate for replicating the surgical approaches. Simulation on non-living animal heads has recently gained popularity in the field of neurosurgical training. Non-living animal models are an increasingly attractive option for cranial neurosurgical simulation training. These models enable the acquisition and refinement of surgical skills, with the added benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. To date, 16 different microneurosurgical cranial approaches have been replicated on three non-living animal models, including sheep, cows, and swine. This review summarizes the experience reported with the use of non-living animal models as alternative laboratory tools for cranial neurosurgical training, with particular attention to the set of tasks that could be performed on them.
Transverse electric surface waves in ferrite medium surrounded by plasma layers
Authors: Umair M. , Ghaffar A. , Alkanhal Majeed A. S. , Alqahtani Ali H. , Khan Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe theoretical analysis of transverse electric surface waves in ferrite medium surrounded by isotropic plasma layers is presented in this manuscript. Maxwell’s equations in differential form are used, and we impose the boundary conditions to acquire the dispersion relation to formulate the proposed structure. The influence of number density, separation distance between the layers of plasma, and dielectric permittivity of ferrite film on the normalized propagation constant is studied. It is concluded from the result obtained that if the number density and values of dielectric permittivity of ferrite film increases the propagation constant Re(β) tends to decreases whereas the increase in separation distance between the layers of plasma tends to increase the propagation constant Re(β). Furthermore, to verify the surface waves, the normalized field distribution for plasma medium as well as ferrite medium are also presented in this manuscript. The present work has potential applications in communication, drug delivery, cancer treatment, and ferrite sensing waveguide structures in the GHz frequency regime.
A clinical and radiological study in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Sultan Lubna Ibrahim , Elnekidy Abdelaziz Mohamed , Elfatatry Amr Mohamed , Sayed Amira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is one of the chronic causes of elevated intracranial pressure with no evident cause in neuroimaging and normal CSF analysis. It primarily affects overweight women of childbearing age.Aim of workTo describe the clinical picture of IIH, neuroimaging and response to treatment after 3 months follow up in a sample of Egyptian patients.Patients and methodsThis was a prospective study carried out on 25 patients presented at Alexandria University Hospital with symptomatology of IIH. All the patients were subjected to complete history taking, neurological examination, fundus examination, lumbar puncture, and MRI brain and MR cerebral venography. The patients were followed-up for 3 months for assessment of treatment response.ResultsPatients’ ages ranged from 1 0to 50 years, with a mean BMI 32.32 ± 5.28 kg m2. Headache was the presenting manifestation in 100% of the patients. About 60% of the sample were either misdiagnosed or had a delayed diagnosis. There was a significant positive correlation between CSF opening pressure (r= 0.504,p= 0.010), severity of headache (r= 0.472,p= 0.017) and grade of papilledema. Optic hydropes and empty sellaturcica were the most common MRI abnormalities occurring in 95.8% and 70.8%, respectively. Only 30% of the cases had normal MRV. Stenosis at genu junction and focal stenosis at transverse sinus occurred in 24% and 20% of the cases, respectively. Combined medical and serial lumbar puncture were the most effective line of therapy in the recruited patients.ConclusionHeadache is the most common presentation of IIH, and its severity is positively correlated with papilledema grade. CSF pressure is also positively correlated with papilledema grade.
Ina sua: The traditional Food Fermentation from Teon Nila Serua, Central of Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Persulessy Cassandra Betsy , Kusdiyantini Endang , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Agustini Tri Winarni , Budiharjo Anto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional fermented food as a special delicacy is one of the elements of culinary diversity found in many regions of Indonesia. This type of food is closely related to the customs and surrounding environment, displaying the characteristics of each region and ethnicity. Maluku is one of the regions located in Eastern Indonesia. Ina sua is a simple and traditional fermented food made from fish using salt as a basic ingredient, commonly eaten at a variety of traditional events in Central Maluku, especially in Teon Nila Serua (TNS). Ina sua is made to be stored and consumed during a time when fish is not available and when there are community activities such as birthdays and traditional events. In making Ina sua, fish are salted with salt granules and stored for a certain time. Therefore, this food is famous for its unique taste produced by the fermentation component. In this article, the origin of Ina sua, its method of preparation, and the scientific perspectives surrounding it are discussed.
Serum hepcidin and interleukin-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: crucial factors for correction of anemia
Authors: El-Shafey Abeer M. , Kamel Lamiaa M. , Fikry Abeer A. , Nasr Mohamad M. , Abdel Galil Sahar M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence rate of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ranges between 30 and 80%. Serum iron is the main regulator of hepatic hepcidin production. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) upregulates hepcidin expression. The aim of this study is to compare between serum hepcidin and IL-6 in SLE patients and control subjects, and to find out if they are correlated with each other and with disease activity in order to find their role in treatment of anemia in SLE patients.
The study was carried out on 50 SLE patients, suffering from anemia, diagnosed according to SLICC revision of the ACR classification criteria for SLE, and 50 healthy individuals, taken as control. Disease activity was assessed using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2 K). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 were measured by ELISA kit.

Results
There was a highly statistically significant difference in serum hepcidin and IL-6 levels between patients and control subjects. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum hepcidin and IL-6 in SLE patients. Moreover, both of them were correlated with SLEDAI and ESR and negatively correlated with hemoglobin. The mean value of serum hepcidin in SLE patients with normocytic normochromic anemia was higher than that in patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia. However, this difference did not reach a statistically significant level.

Conclusion
High serum IL-6 and hepcidin levels are associated with anemia in SLE. They are correlated with each other and with disease activity. Although our study revealed serum hepcidin to be correlated with disease activity, it should not be used as a marker of disease activity in SLE patients as our patient’s group was SLE patients suffering from ACD. However, IL-6 inhibition should be considered in patients with SLE with anemia to guide the control of anemia of chronic diseases resulting from cytokine production as a result of high disease activity in SLE patients. It should be noted that the occurrence of ACD associated with IL-6 flare up could be a player in other systemic rheumatic diseases and is not specific to SLE patients.
Multichannel synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform for time-frequency analysis of seismic traces
Authors: Wu Nanke , Zhou Huailai , Wang Yuanjun , Zhang Bo , Yan Haitao , Niu Cong 
Published: July 2020

The synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform (SSGST) is commonly used to generate an isofrequency component of a signal by squeezing the decomposed frequency components of the signal. However, for seismic signals, the single-trace process can have a lack of lateral information in the squeezed results and lead to some discontinuous geologic information that will mislead the interpreter. Thus, to improve the stability of SSGST, we have developed a multichannel seismic trace squeezing method. Multichannel SSGST (MSSGST) considers the decomposed frequency components of neighboring traces of the analysis seismic trace and then reconstructs the center trace. Therefore, compared with SSGST, the multichannel processing improves the stability of the squeezing and produces more laterally continuous results that properly follow the geologic phenomenon. The effectiveness of MSSGST is validated using various field data. We use the application to demonstrate the potential of multichannel squeezing to perform well at (1) improving the energy focusing and continuity of the decomposed frequency components, (2) depicting the boundaries of geologic structures, and (3) identifying the thin layers.
Physical Activity Associations with Bone Mineral Density and Modification by Metabolic Traits
Authors: Buttan Anshu , Cui Jinrui , Guo Xiuqing , Chen Yii-Der I , Hsueh Willa A , Rotter Jerome I , Goodarzi Mark O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the relationship of physical activity with bone mineral density (BMD) at various sites and examine potential modifying metabolic factors.

Methods
Responses from physical activity questionnaires were used to determine total physical activity (PA), moderate physical activity (mod-PA), and sedentary time. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate association of activity traits with insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in 741 healthy subjects.

Results
The cohort was relatively sedentary. Activity level was associated with arm, pelvis, and leg BMD in univariate analyses. In multivariate association analyses of arm BMD, only female sex (β = -0.73, P &lt; 0.0001) and adiponectin (β = -0.076, P = 0.0091) were significant. Multivariate analyses of pelvis BMD found independent associations with body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.33, P &lt; 0.0001), adiponectin (β = -0.10, P = 0.013), female sex (β = -0.18, P &lt; 0.0001), sedentary time (β = -0.088, P = 0.034), PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.01), and mod-PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.014). Age (β = -0.10, P = 0.0087), female sex (β = -0.63, P &lt; 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.24, P &lt; 0.0001), and mod-PA (β = 0.10, P = 0.0024) were independently associated with leg BMD.

Conclusions
These results suggest that BMD increases with physical activity in the arms, legs, and pelvis and is inversely related to sedentary time in the pelvis and legs; these associations may be modified by age, sex, BMI, and adiponectin, depending on the site, with physical activity being more important to pelvis and leg BMD than arm BMD and sedentary time being important for pelvis BMD. Moreover, we demonstrated that CRP, PAI-1, and insulin sensitivity play a minor role in BMD.
Daughterless, the Drosophila orthologue of TCF4, is required for associative learning and maintenance of the synaptic proteome
Authors: Tamberg Laura , Jaago Mariliis , Säälik Kristi , Sirp Alex , Tuvikene Jürgen , Shubina Anastassia , Kiir Carl Sander , Nurm Kaja , Sepp Mari , Timmusk Tõnis , Palgi Mari 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Mammalian transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been linked to schizophrenia and intellectual disabilities, such as Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS). Here, we show that similarly to mammalian TCF4, fruit fly orthologue Daughterless (Da) is expressed widely in the Drosophila brain. Furthermore, silencing of da, using several central nervous system-specific Gal4 driver lines, impairs appetitive associative learning of the larvae and leads to decreased levels of the synaptic proteins Synapsin (Syn) and Discs large 1 (Dlg1), suggesting the involvement of Da in memory formation. Here, we demonstrate that Syn and dlg1 are direct target genes of Da in adult Drosophila heads, as Da binds to the regulatory regions of these genes and the modulation of Da levels alter the levels of Syn and dlg1 mRNA. Silencing of da also affects negative geotaxis of the adult flies, suggesting the impairment of locomotor function. Overall, our findings suggest that Da regulates Drosophila larval memory and adult negative geotaxis, possibly via its synaptic target genes Syn and dlg1. These behavioural phenotypes can be further used as a PTHS model to screen for therapeutics.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Adaptive Cycling
Authors: Gordon Andrew H. , De Luigi Arthur Jason 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Adaptive athletes have globally embraced the sport of adaptive cycling, and participation is expanding rapidly on local, national, and international levels. With a diverse array of events supporting adaptive cyclist participation, there is a need to create more awareness about the history and classes of adaptive cycling, adaptive cycle technology, and injuries and medical concerns specific to this group of adaptive athletes. This communication aims to review the major aspects of adaptive cycling, from the technological aspects of both the cycles and adaptations of the athlete to injuries and medical concerns specific to adaptive cyclists.
Endovascular management of a large hepatic artery aneurysm related to type B aortic dissection
Authors: Reicher John , Tsiakkis Demetris , Green Barnabas R , Walker Paul 
Published: July 2020

Management of visceral artery aneurysms can be challenging: there is limited evidence to determine size thresholds for intervention and it is often technically difficult to exclude the aneurysms while preserving visceral perfusion. We present the case of a 68-year-old male with a rapidly enlarging hepatic artery aneurysm related to type B aortic dissection extending into the coeliac axis, which presented unique difficulties due to its morphology and filling via the false lumen. Endovascular treatment involved stent–graft placement from the coeliac axis into the splenic artery with the intention of excluding the coeliac supply to the common hepatic artery. Despite early stent–graft occlusion, the aneurysm was successfully excluded and adequate hepatic and splenic perfusion was maintained. The patient made a good recovery.
Case Report: Non-microscopic surgical management of incomplete penile amputation
Authors: Putra Donny Eka , Kusbin Theddyon Bhenlie Apry , Satyagraha Paksi , Widodo Stephanie Taneysa 
Published: July 2020

Background: Penile amputation is an emergency urologic condition requiring immediate attention in order to maximize functional outcomes. Unfortunately, there is limited experience and publication of case reports describing the successful replantation of penis after incomplete amputation, especially in facilities without adequate microsurgical tools and means. We hereby present a case of penile amputation caused by a mechanical grass cutter and a discussion of its surgical management. Case description: A 33-year-old Indonesian male presented to the emergency department with incomplete penile amputation six hours post injury. The patient has no prior medical history and presented with penile amputation due to a mechanical grass cutter trauma. He underwent immediate non-microsurgery reconstructive replantation of the penis, reattaching all visible vascular, corporal, and fascia layers. After replantation, the patient recovered well and showed preserved normal appearance and sensitivity of the penis. Subsequent Doppler ultrasound investigation revealed adequate arterial flow at the distal end of the anastomosis. The patient was discharged five days after surgery. Conclusion: In the absence of microsurgical tools and means, the use of non-microsurgical replantation should be the choice of treatment in the case of incomplete penile amputation. The technique showed good outcomes involving adequate functional and cosmetic restoration.
Characterising demographics, knowledge, practices and clinical care among patients attending sickle cell disease clinics in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Olupot-Olupot Peter , Wabwire Ham , Ndila Carolyne , Adong Ruth , Ochen Linus , Amorut Denis , Abongo Grace , Okalebo Charles B. , Akello Sarah Rachael , Oketcho Joy B. , Okiror William , Asio Sarah , Odiit Amos , Alaroker Florence , Nyutu Gideon , Maitland Kathryn , Williams Thomas N. 
Published: July 2020

Background: In Uganda to date, there are neither established registries nor descriptions of facility-based sickle cell disease (SCD) patient characteristics beyond the central region. Here, we summarize data on the baseline clinical characteristics and routine care available to patients at four clinics in Eastern Uganda as a prelude to a clinical trial. Methods: Between February and August 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients attending four SCD clinics in Mbale, Soroti, Atutur and Ngora, all in Eastern Uganda, the planned sites for an upcoming clinical trial (H-PRIME: ISRCTN15724013). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods, clinic schedules, the use of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs, clinical complications and patient understanding of SCD were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Data were collected on 1829 patients. Their ages ranged from 0 to 64 years with a median (IQR) of 6 (3-11) years. 49.1% of participants were male. The majority (1151; 62.9%) reported a positive family history for SCD. Approximately half knew that SCD is inherited from both parents but a substantial proportion did not know how SCD is transmitted and small numbers believed that it is acquired by either transfusion or from other people. Only 118/1819 (6.5%) participants had heard about or were using hydroxyurea while 356/1794 (19.8%) reported stigmatization. Participants reported a median of three (IQR 1-4) hospital admissions during the preceding 12 months; 80.8% had been admitted at least once, while 14.2% had been admitted more than five times. Pain was the most common symptom, while 83.9% of those admitted had received at least one blood transfusion. Conclusion: The majority of patients attending SCD clinics in Eastern Uganda are children and few are currently being treated with hydroxyurea. The data collected through this facility-based survey will provide background data that will be useful in planning for the H-PRIME trial.
Psychological technology for preventing destructive coping strategies among the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pechenkova Elena , Rogov Anton , Samoylenko Anatoliy 
Published: July 2020

Psychotechnologies for preventing destructive coping strategies are important not only for employees of the moral and psychological support unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but also for the leaders and employees of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who are interested in their psychological health and in effectively solving the tasks facing the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Despite the fact that a significant amount of research by both foreign and domestic scientists is devoted to the study of personality coping, comprehensively preventive work to prevent and correct destructive coping strategies is not carried out. The formation of destruction in coping behavior is characteristic of the professional activities of law enforcement officers, the most prone to this psychological phenomenon, are leaders.
Destructions in the coping behavior of employees of the internal affairs bodies are a consequence of the state of emotional, mental and psychophysical exhaustion, determined by the conditions of professional activity, excessive workload and emotional interpersonal communication. Coping behavior is of a destructive nature and adversely affects the professional activities of the policeman and his personality.
To prevent and correct the destruction in coping behavior, the heads and employees of the internal affairs bodies offer an algorithm of psychotechnological actions in the article.
Protagonismo negro, educação antirracismo e os quilombolas urbanos como “outros sujeitos”: uma problematização necessária
Authors: Mocelin Cassia Engres , Grossi Patrícia Krieger 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir a opressão e a segregação dos negros como “outros sujeitos”, o protagonismo de suas lutas como pressuposto de um processo político-social-educacional afirmativo e antirracista. Apoia-se no materialismo histórico-dialético como método e no material empírico, coletado nos quilombos urbanos do município de Porto Alegre, cotejando o enfoque educacional. Nesse sentido, os outros sujeitos são sujeitos de direitos e sujeitos que respondem, resistem e reagem a uma cultura hegemônica. Desse modo, não são assujeitados, mas sujeitos da contracultura, das singularidades dentro da universalidade, das diversidades e das diferenças. Assim sendo, é necessário pensar e tomar a educação como processos sociais e práticas afirmativas e antirracistas acerca das populações que foram historicamente oprimidas em sua cultura, condições e modos de vida. Vê-se, pois, uma dialética entre afirmação desses outros sujeitos e repressão e manutenção das formas de dominação e desigualdades sociais. Palavras-chave: educação antirracismo; lutas sociais; outros sujeitos; quilombos urbanos; sujeito de direitos.