bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prediction of surgical intervention in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess
Authors: Hwang Jong Ha , Kim Bo Wook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prediction of antibiotic treatment failure is helpful to identify patients with a high likelihood of needing surgical treatment early in patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with TOA) who responded to medical treatment and those who underwent surgical intervention due to medical treatment failure.Material and Methods: Electronic medical records were evaluated retrospectively to identify patients who were diagnosed with TOA and hospitalized in our obstetrics and gynecology department between March 2014 and June 2019. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data including white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between the medical treatment group and the surgical intervention group. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of treatment failure.Results: Patient age, TOA diameter, WBC count, CRP, and ESR were significantly different between the groups. On multiple regression analysis, significant correlations were identified between age (p = 0.001), ESR (p = 0.045), and failure of medical treatment. TOA diameter (p = 0.065) showed a borderline association with surgical intervention. The risk group was defined as the combination of factors producing a risk score > 2. The area under the curve (AUC) for the risk group (age >34.3 years, ESR > 45 mm/h, and TOA size > 5.9 cm) was 0.844. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 93.8%, 75%, 83.3%, 75%, and 93.8%, respectively.Conclusions: The risk of needing surgical intervention in TOA patients can be predicted using ESR in addition to age and TOA size as risk factors.
Altered Expression of Secreted Mediator Genes That Mediate Aggressive Breast Cancer Metastasis to Distant Organs
Authors: Maiti Aparna , Okano Ichiro , Oshi Masanori , Okano Maiko , Tian Wanqing , Kawaguchi Tsutomu , Katsuta Eriko , Takabe Kazuaki , Li Yan , Patnaik Santosh , Hait Nitai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Breast cancer most often recurs and metastasizes to the distal organs with their primary tumors surgically excised. Due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer, metastasis organotropism has poorly understood. This study assessed the specific cancer-related gene expression changes occurring with metastatic breast cancer recurrence to distant organs compared with non-metastatic breast cancer. We found that secreted mediators encoding genes (ANGPTL7, MMP3, LCN2, S100A8, and ESM1) are upregulated in primary breast tumors of 4T1.2, a highly metastatic variant of mouse triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 4T1 cells. Those genes are variably expressed at distant metastatic sites such as the spine, bone, and the lung in the syngeneic implantation/tumor-resection metastasis mouse model. The altered expression score of an individual gene was strongly associated with the survival of breast cancer patients. Notably, LCN2 and S100A8 overexpressed at the distant metastatic site spine (LCN2, 5 fold; S100A8, 6 fold) and bone (LCN2, 5 fold; S100A8, 3 fold) vs. primary tumors. In contrast, the ESM-1 encoding gene is overexpressed in the primary tumors and markedly downregulated at distant metastatic sites such as the spine, bone, and the lung. LCN2, S100A8, and ESM-1 mediators encoding individual gene expression scores were strongly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) in the METABRIC cohort (hazard ratio [HR]>1, p < 0.0004). The gene expression scores predicted worse clinically aggressive tumors, such as high Nottingham histological grade and advanced cancer staging. High gene expression score of ESM-1 gene was strongly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormonal receptor (HR)-positive/Her2-negative subtype in METABRIC cohort, HER2+ subtype in TCGA-BRCA and SCAN-B breast cancer cohorts.Our data suggested that mediators encoding genes with both prognostic and predictive values may, therefore, be clinically useful for breast cancer spine, bone, and lung metastasis in particularly in more aggressive subtypes such as TNBC or HER2+ breast cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of DEB-TACE for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma With the Largest Tumor Diameter ≥7 cm
Authors: Chen Wei , Lu Bei , Zhang Mengzeng , Hou Zhenguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of DEB-TACE in patients with primary huge hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2019, 87 patients with huge unresectable HCC were retrospectively analyzed. 48 cases received drug-elutted beads for transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE group), and 39 cases received conventional transarterial chemoembolization (c-TACE group). The tumor treatment response, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), the incidence of adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two groups and the factors influencing OS were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up was 295 days (ranges 78 to 603 days). There was no statistical difference in baseline characteristics and follow-up treatment between the two groups. The objective response rate(ORR) of DEB-TACE group was higher than that of c-TACE group within 3 months after treatment. The change was similar in the incidence of AEs between the two groups; DEB-TACE group showed longer PFS and OS than c-TACE group. Cox-regression multivariate analysis showed that DEB-TACE was an important factor affecting the overall survival. Conclusion: DEB-TACE prolonged the survival time of patients with huge unresectable HCC and could be a better choice than c-TACE without increasing the incidence of AEs.
Reference Values for Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers in the General Elderly Population: A Japanese Cohort Survey Randomly Sampled From A Basic Resident Registry
Authors: Tokida Ryosuke , Uehara Masashi , Nakamura Yukio , Sakai Noriko , Ikegami Shota , Takahashi Jun , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide definitive reference values for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in the general elderly population. Registered citizens of 50 to 89 years old were targeted for this survey. After random sampling from the resident registry of Obuse town, we established eight groups based on age (50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s) and gender. A total of 411 people were enrolled. We used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry device to measure and evaluate BMD. The bone formation marker bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was measured as a bone turnover marker. Bone resorption markers, including pentosidine, urinary total deoxypyridinoline, urinary type I collagen N-telopeptide, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and whole PTH were also measured as bone turnover markers.Sixty-three people (15.3%) were diagnosed as OP. In women, BMD decreased with age. On the other hand, there was no characteristic change with age in men. As for bone markers, 25(OH)D, whole parathyroid hormone, and BAP showed no characteristics associated with gender and aging. In terms of the association between low BMD and bone markers, there was a significant association between low BMD and TRACP-5b in females.In conclusions, BMD decreased with age in women. However, there was no decline with age in men. All bone metabolism markers showed no significant characteristics associated with age or gender, except for a significant association between low BMD and TRACP-5b in females. TRACP-5b was a potentially useful marker for the detection of low BMD.
Ground-state cooling of mechanical resonators by hot thermal light
Authors: Naseem Muhammad , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a scheme to cool down a mechanical resonator to its quantum ground-state, which is interacting
with a cavity mode via the optomechanical coupling. As opposed to standard laser cooling schemes where
coherence renders the state of the resonator to its ground-state, here we use incoherent thermal light to achieve
the same aim. We show that simultaneous cooling of two degenerate or near-degenerate mechanical resonators is
possible in our scheme, which is otherwise a challenging goal to achieve in optomechanics. The generalization
of this method to the simultaneous cooling of multiple resonators is straightforward. The underlying physical
mechanism of cooling is explained by revealing a direct connection between the laser sideband cooling and
“cooling by heating” in a standard optomechanical setting.
A Low Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Level Is a Protective Factor for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Men Aged Over 80
Authors: Zhu Yunxia , Xu Jun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ke Yingying , Fu Guoxiang , Guo Qihao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in predisposing postmenopausal women to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a age-related liver disease. However, it is unknown whether FSH impacts the risk of NAFLD in men. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum FSH levels and NAFLD in elderly Chinese men aged 80-98, a particular group with worse outcomes of NAFLD.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 444 subjects in a geriatric health center. The highest quartile of serum FSH was used as reference. NAFLD was defined according to the results of liver ultrasound.Results: Based on liver ultrasound, 108 (24.3%) subjects had NAFLD. FSH level were negatively correlated with total testosterone, estradiol, nutritional risk, and the prevalence of high education level (all P < 0.01), and positively correlated with age, luteinizing hormone, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (all P < 0.05). The correlation between FSH and body mass index or antihypertensive drug usage was marginally significant (P = 0.057; P = 0.066, respectively). The percentage of subjects with NAFLD gradually increased following the quartiles of serum FSH (20.0% in quartile 1, 18.2% in quartile 2, 27.3% in quartile 3, and 31.6% in quartile 4). After adjustment for common pathogenic risk factors, nutritional risk, and other sex hormones, serum FSH were progressively associated with odds ratios for NAFLD. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for quartile 1, quartile 2, and quartile 3, compared with quartile 4 were 0.132 (0.034-0.516), 0.190 (0.052-0.702), and 0.404 (0.139-1.173), respectively. Obesity was not involved in the potential negative role of circulating FSH on the risk of NAFLD in our population.Consclusion: Low FSH level may decrease the risk of NAFLD in elderly Chinese men. These findings warrant replication in more extensive studies.
The Role of Eco-Friendly Soil Amendments Co-Application on the Performance of Lingrain (Linum&nbsp;Usitatissimum L.) Under Late-Season Irrigation Limitation
Authors: Fallah Mahdieh , Amirnia Reza , Hadi Hashem , Hassanzadeh-Ghorttapeh Abdollah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study's main purpose was to investigate the probable amelioration of limited irrigation conditions by soil amendments for lingrain plants. The experiment was accomplished as a completely randomized factorial design along with three replications. The first factor was green manure (without (Gc) and with Trifolium pratense (Gr)), the second factor consisted of Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhiza (Fm), vermicompost (Fv), both of mycorrhiza and vermicompost (Fm+v) and none of them (Fc), and also the third factor was irrigation regime (full irrigation and late-season water limitation). Green manure, vermicompost and mycorrhiza single-use enhanced the plant performance under water limitation conditions in comparison with the control. However, in the presence of vermicompost, along with green manure or mycorrhiza developed a positive synergistic effect on most of the traits. Combining green manure with the dual fertilizer (Fm+v) resulted in the vermicompost and mycorrhiza synergistic effects, especially under limited irrigation. Consequently, the triple fertilizer (Gr×Fm+v) experienced the highest amount of LRWC, root colonization, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity, grain yield and oil yield, which would lead to more resistance of plants to limited irrigation conditions.
Ultrasound-Guided Attenuation Parameter Is Useful for Quantifying Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Ogino Yu , Wakui Noritaka , Nagai Hidenari , Igarashi Yoshinori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been steadily increasing, and around 10%-20% of these patients are classified as having nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The first step to identifying patients with NASH is assessing for hepatic steatosis, which is commonly done noninvasively by ultrasound examination. However, conventional methods are not always effective at lower levels of steatosis. Thus, we sought to determine the utility of a new method using the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for quantifying hepatic steatosis in NASH.Methods: Subjects were 36 patients with NASH (20 men, 16 women; mean age 56 [37 to 73] years) who underwent liver biopsy and ultrasonography using a GE LOGIQ E9 system and C1-6 probe at our hospital between 2017 and 2020. B-Mode imaging of segment V in the liver was acquired and echo attenuation was assessed using UGAP. Steatosis score (S0: <5%; S1: 5%-33%; S2: 34%-66%; S3: ≥67%) from liver specimens was compared with the attenuation coefficient (AC; dB/cm/MHz) using UGAP.Results: Steatosis score was S0 in 4 patients, S1 in 16, S2 in 10, and S3 in 6. AC by steatosis score was 0.54 ± 0.06, 0.63 ± 0.05, 0.74 ± 0.05, and 0.79 ± 0.05 dB/cm/MHz for S0, S1, S2, and S3, respectively. AC by UGAP differed significantly between S0 and S2 (p < 0.05), S0 and S3 (p < 0.05), S1 and S2 (p < 0.01), and S1 and S3 (p < 0.01), demonstrating a significant increase with steatosis score. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance of UGAP for patients with steatosis score ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 (AUROC = 0.95, 0.96, and 0.93, respectively). Liver fat content (%) from liver specimens and AC (r = 0.83, p < 0.01) showed a significant positive correlation.Conclusions: UGAP is useful for quantifying hepatic steatosis in patients with NASH.
An End-To-End Workflow for High-Throughput Discovery of Clinically Relevant Insights From Large Biomedical Datasets
Authors: Heidari Elyas , Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Meresht Vahid Balazadeh , Ahmadi Nastaran , Sadr Mahmoud , Mirzaei Masoud , Sharifi-Zarchi Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Maximizing the insights gained from large epidemiological and biomedical datasets remains a fascinating challenge for life science researchers. For example, while usual analysis protocols may find numerous correlations between the studied factors, none tries to explain why many individuals deviate significantly from the identified general trends. Furthermore, while common practices can identify relationships between pairs or, at most, small groups of factors, they are unable to determine the global relationship network between all variables. Methods As a solution to these challenges, we have developed a new analysis workflow available in the MUVIS package within R statistical software. Here we apply these methods to a dataset from the Yazd Health Study consisting of 300 variables measured for 4010 individuals. Results Although Yazd Health Study is a general health survey of intensively studied medical variables, our methods were still able to uncover new insights. For example, in analyzing the correlation between blood high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, we determined diet to be a more important factor than exercise or age in explaining why individuals may have anomalous blood high-density lipoprotein levels based on their total cholesterol levels. We identified gender-based differences in how diet may exert these effects. Furthermore, analysis of global interaction networks found both interesting clusters of variables, such as factors denoting health-conscious and health-indifferent people, and individual connections, such as between hypertension and skin cancer. Conclusions As a result, we conclude that MUVIS provides a robust statistical framework for the high-throughput discovery of novel insights from large biomedical datasets.
Investigation of Critical Binding Pattern in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: An in Silico Analysis&nbsp;
Authors: Jafary Farzaneh , Jafari Sepideh , Ganjalikhany Mohamad Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly-discovered coronavirus and responsible for the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of people in the world and immediately became a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the beta-coronavirus genus of the large family of Coronaviridae. It is now known that its surface spike glycoprotein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is expressed on the lung epithelial cells, mediates the fusion of the cellular and viral membranes, and facilitates the entry of viral genome to the host cell. Therefore, blocking the virus-cell interaction could be a potential target for the prevention of viral infection. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 is a protein-protein interaction, and so, analyzing the structure of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying mechanism to bind the host cell receptor would be useful for the management and treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we performed comparative in silico studies to deeply understand the structural and functional details of the interaction between the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. According to our results, the affinity of the ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2 was higher than SARS-CoV. According to the free energy decomposition of the spike glycoprotein-ACE2 complex, we found critical points in three areas which are responsible for the increased binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 compared with SARS-CoV. These mutations occurred at the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein that play an essential role in the increasing the affinity of coronavirus to ACE2. For instance, mutations Pro462Ala and Leu472Phe resulted in the altered binding energy from -2 kcal·mol−1 in SARS-COV to -6 kcal·mol−1 in SARS-COV-2. The results demonstrated that some mutations in the receptor-binding motif could be considered as a hot-point for designing potential drugs to inhibit the interaction between the spike glycoprotein and ACE2.
Meridional Changes in The South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre During Heinrich Stadials
Authors: Pinho Tainã , Chiessi Cristiano , Portilho-Ramos Rodrigo , Campos Marília , Crivellari Stefano , Nascimento Rodrigo , Albuquerque Ana , Bahr André , Mulitza Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subtropical ocean gyres play a key role in modulating the global climate system redistributing energy between low and high latitudes. A poleward displacement of the subtropical gyres has been observed over the last decades, but the lack of long-term monitoring data hinders an in-depth understanding of their dynamics. Paleoceanographic records offer the opportunity to identify meridional changes in the subtropical gyres and investigate their consequences to the climate system. Here we use the abundance of planktonic foraminiferal species Globorotalia truncatulinodes from a sediment core collected at the northernmost boundary of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (SASG) together with a previously published record of the same species from the southernmost boundary of the SASG to reconstruct meridional fluctuations of the SASG over last ca. 70 kyr. Our findings indicate southward displacements of the SASG during Heinrich Stadials (HS) 6-4 and HS1, and a contraction of the SASG during HS3 and HS2. During HS6-4 and HS1, the SASG southward displacements likely boosted the transfer of heat to the Southern Ocean, ultimately strengthening deep-water upwelling and CO2 release to the atmosphere. We hypothesize that the ongoing SASG poleward displacement may further increase oceanic CO2 release.
Cognitive Decline and It’s Risk Factors in the Elderly in China: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Duan Xiaoxia , Wen Jin , Hou Furang , Yuan Ping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Cognitive decline，a prodromal symptom of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with no effective treatment, often occurs in the elderly. Prevent the occurrence of diseases by controlling risk factors is the best way to reduce its harms. The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of the cognitive function decline. Methods This study included analyzed 4482 participants obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze the factors affecting the decline of cognitive function level of the elderly.Results According to this study, being female (OR 1.39), older (OR 1.34 to 5.73 from group 65~69 years to group age≥80 years), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR 1.41), lower education (OR 2.37 to 45.36 from junior high school graduation to illiteracy), living in a rural area before 16 years (OR 1.87), keep smoking (OR 1.26), over napping (OR 1.28), underweight (OR 1.73), having difficulties with everyday activities (OR 1.25), and poor self-rated health (OR 1.36) were at higher risk of cognitive function decline in the elderly. While drinking once a month and above (OR 0.80), taking care of grandchildren in the last year (OR 0.71), overweight (OR 0.73), and obese (OR 0.63) were the protective factors. Conclusion Cognitive decline in the elderly was associated with several risk factors. Thus, future research should be focused on high risk elderly with these predictive factors, both to delineate mechanisms for development of cognitive decline and to evaluate preventive interventions.
Drivers of Microbial Community Structure in Surface Sediment Aross Bohai Sea
Authors: chen lei , Li Yuntao , Wang Mingpeng , Shang Weitao , Tang Jianhui , Jones David , Liu Fanghua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Microbial spatial distribution has been widely investigated in sediment. However, there is poorly available information on microbial distribution patterns in sediment of Bohai Sea coastal zone. Results: Here, we investigated the bacterial community composition and diversity in riverine and marine surface sediment around and in the Bohai Sea using high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial communities mainly comprised Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and magnetic susceptibility played the main role in determining bacterial α-diversity and community composition in this region. Of the total bacterial community composition variation, environmental factors (explained 29.41% of the total microbial community composition variation) played a more important role than spatial variables (explained 3.03%) in conditioning the bacterial community composition. Meanwhile, the significantly pure spatial effect and distance-decay tendency suggested that dispersal limitation was also an influential factor in shaping the bacterial biogeographical pattern. The presence of magnetite center might shape the geographical distribution of five genera Lactococcus, Clostridium, Caulobacter, Gillisia and Sphingomonas probably by affecting their iron-related geochemical cycle.Conclusion: Our results may provide a better understanding of present-day bacterial biogeography and the correlation between microbial communities and key environmental variables in a typical coastal area. Depending on these information, coastal resources could be efficiently predicted, assessed and used.