bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles Using Tetraaza‐coordinated Copper(II) Complexes as Efficient Catalysts
Authors: Green Samuel Angel , Jebasingh Bhagavathsingh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report the class of tetraaza coordinated copper(II) complexes of 1,10‐phenanthroline ([CuII(L1)2]ClO4), 2,2’‐bipyridine ([CuII(L2)2]ClO4) and 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclo‐dodecane ([CuII(L3)](ClO4)2) are employed as efficient catalysts for the Copper Catalyzed Azide Acetylene Cycloaddition (CuIIAAC) reaction. The complex [CuII(L1)2]ClO4 showed high catalytic activity with the reductant for [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition of terminal alkyne and various azides due to its structural orientation. The corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles are isolated in good yield (12 examples) at room temperature without the impact of additives. These complexes also facilitate the stabilization of in‐situ generated Cu(I)L species to a greater extent due to their ligand framework.
System of Diagnostic Systems framework and its application to the disharmony in Indonesian national security
Authors: Muhammad Ade , Putro Utomo S. , Siallagan Manahan , Kijima Kyoichi , Wasesa Meditya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough many strategic problems are highly complex and dynamic, available strategic frameworks fail to provide satisfactory solution recommendation. To provide a strategic solution to this highly complex and dynamic problem contexts, we propose a new strategic framework called the System of Diagnostic Systems (SODS). As an empirical case, we apply the SODS framework to analyse the highly complex disharmony issue in the national security of the Republic of Indonesia. Using SODS, we can analyse the problem contexts of three phases of Indonesian security development in a precise manner. Based on the problem's parameterization (i.e., participants, complexity level, comprehensibility, and rationality), the SODS framework can provide the appropriate strategy and tools to mitigate the complex issue. The SODS recommendations were validated by a number of problem domain experts.
Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Gurtlamellenenden
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Drebenstedt Karl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm Brückenbau werden Gurtlamellen für die Verstärkung von Trägern eingesetzt, um die Momententragfähigkeit in hoch beanspruchten Bereichen an den tatsächlichen Momentenverlauf anzupassen. Die bereichsweise aufgeschweißten Lamellen ermöglichen eine materialsparende Ausführung im Brückenbau. Unter veränderlicher Beanspruchung können an den Gurtlamellenenden aufgrund geometrischer und metallurgischer Kerbwirkung Ermüdungsrisse entstehen. Um für diese kritischen Stellen eine möglichst hohe Ermüdungsfestigkeit zu erreichen, wird das Konstruktionsdetail in Deutschland mit vergleichsweise großer Nahtdicke und kerbfrei bearbeiteten Nahtübergängen hergestellt. Dafür wird die Lamelle bis zu einer bestimmten Höhe angefast und eine möglichst dicke Schweißnaht mit der gleichen Steigung wie die Fase bis zum Trägerblech geführt, sodass an der Lamellenstirn ein ebener Übergang zwischen Lamelle, Schweißnaht und Trägerblech entsteht. Diese Form der Ausführung und Bearbeitung wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit aus. Für die Bemessung kann dieser Vorteil jedoch nur im Rahmen des deutschen Nationalen Anhangs genutzt werden, da ein entsprechendes Detail im Kerbfallkatalog von DIN EN 1993‐1‐9 [1] fehlt. Um eine experimentelle Grundlage zu schaffen, die eine Aufnahme in den europäischen Kerbfallkatalog rechtfertigt, wurden an der Universität Stuttgart mehrere Serien von Wöhlerversuchen im Rahmen des IGF‐DASt‐FOSTA‐Projekts 19178 „Neubewertung und Erweiterung des Kerbfallkatalogs nach Eurocode 3“ [2] durchgeführt.
Oberflächenbehandlung von metallischen Werkstoffen: werkstoffimmanente Verfahren und deren Anwendung bei außergewöhnlichen Fassaden
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Teich Martien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Oberflächenbehandlung von metallischen Werkstoffen ist je nach Legierung, Ver‐ und Bearbeitung sehr vielfältig möglich. Die Ergebnisse werden dabei durch die Kombination aus Legierung, Herstellung, Vor‐ und Nachbearbeitung sowie die physikalische und chemische Oberflächenbehandlung beeinflusst. Die Verfahren sind in Fachbüchern umfassend beschrieben [1–7]. Trotzdem gibt es hinsichtlich der Anwendung immer wieder falsche Vorstellungen, die in Projektgesprächen zutage treten. Die Herausforderungen liegen nicht bei den technischen Möglichkeiten einzelner Schritte, sondern vielmehr sind ein systemisches Verständnis von Abhängigkeiten und Auswirkungen sowie eine durchgängige Betrachtung der Materialwahl, der Fertigungsverfahren, der Oberflächenbehandlung, des Schutzkonzepts, der Montagerandbedingungen, der Pflege, des Recyclings und der projektspezifisch nötigen Prozesssicherheit unentbehrlich.Insbesondere im Fassadenbau mit hohen Ansprüchen an Qualität und Oberflächengüte werden vorgeschlagene Prozessketten den intendierten Eigenschaften und der Haptik von Architekten und Designern oft nicht gerecht. Dies wird bei Kupferlegierungen, den unterschiedlichen Patinierverfahren und den Einflüssen bei Vor‐ und Nachbehandlung sowie durch Umwelteinflüsse oder Pflege offensichtlich. Der vorliegende Aufsatz fasst deshalb werkstoffgerechte Oberflächenbehandlungen insbesondere zu Kupferlegierungen zusammen, nennt ausgewählte Verfahren und zeigt Einflüsse zur Vor‐ und Nachbehandlung, Verpackung, Transport und Pflege auf. Abschließend werden beispielhafte Projekte mit außergewöhnlichen Oberflächenbehandlungen sowie ihre Besonderheiten beschrieben.
Seismic capacity assessment of postmainshock damaged containment structures using nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis
Authors: Bao Xu , Zhai Chang‐Hai , Zhang Mao‐Hua , Xu Long‐Jun 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the structural performance and seismic capacity of the postmainshock damaged containment structure through the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). To evaluate the seismic capacity with minimum uncertainty, the damage measure (DM) and intensity measure (IM) for IDA curves are selected in term of the coefficient of variation. The IDA using mainshock records is implemented to examine the seismic damage process of a containment structure and determine key damage states. The static cyclic loading analysis and aftershock IDA are also conducted on mainshock‐damaged containment structures to investigate the effect of initial damage states on the dynamic characteristics of structures. Finally, based on IDA results, limit states of a containment structure are defined using a generalized multidimensional limit‐state function that allows considering the dependence between the mainshock‐damaged level and residual seismic capacity. These proposed bidimensional limit‐state functions can be used in the fragility analysis and risk assessment of containment structures under mainshock–aftershock, which can improve the accuracy of seismic assessment.
Fluorescence visualization of the borders of bladder tumors after TUR with quantitative determination of diagnostic contrast
Authors: Loshchenov Maxim , Seregin Alexander , Kalyagina Nina , Dadashev Elmar , Borodkin Alexander , Babaev Akobirkhon , Loran Oleg , Loschenov Victor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study demonstrates the ability of fluorescence diagnosis to perform intraoperative analysis of the bladder wall. The data of 10 patients with superficial bladder cancer who underwent PDD with the use of the fluorescence video system with excitation wavelenght in the “red” wavelength range and TUR is discussed. General condition of the bladder is assessed, the main foci of the tumor are determined. Then a tumor resection is performed. Further examination and identification of the fluorescing boundaries of the tumor remaining after TUR is performed to make a decision of a re‐resection. In addition, small fluorescing tumor foci, not detected with WL cystoscopy, are detected. Moreover the diagnostic fluorescence contrast is measured, allowing quantitative assessment of the 5‐ALA accumulation in tissues. The applied laser wavelength of 635 nm allows the light to penetrate deeper into the bladder tissue, making it possible to detect tumors including in the deeper layers.
Resveratrol protects human bronchial epithelial cells against nickel‐induced toxicity via suppressing p38 MAPK, NF‐κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Cao Xiangyu , Tian Siqi , Fu Mingyang , Li Yanmei , Sun Yueling , Liu Jianli , Liu Yue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNickel is a common environmental pollutant that can impair the lung, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, natural products are generally used to inhibit cell damage induced by heavy metal. Resveratrol possesses wide biological activities, including anti‐inflammation and antioxidative stress. This study was conducted to explore the toxicity of nickel on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‐2B) cells and evaluate the protective effect of resveratrol. The results showed that nickel could induce cell apoptosis, increase oxidative stress, and promote the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, C‐reaction protein. Western blot analysis showed that nickel activated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor‐kappa B, and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor pyrin‐domain‐containing protein 3 pathways, while resveratrol could reverse these effects. Our results suggested that resveratrol could protect BEAS‐2B cells from nickel‐induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, resveratrol is a potential chemopreventive agent against nickel‐induced lung disease.
Individualized inference through fusion learning
Authors: Cai Chencheng , Chen Rong , Xie Min‐ge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFusion learning methods, developed for the purpose of analyzing datasets from many different sources, have become a popular research topic in recent years. Individualized inference approaches through fusion learning extend fusion learning approaches to individualized inference problems over a heterogeneous population, where similar individuals are fused together to enhance the inference over the target individual. Both classical fusion learning and individualized inference approaches through fusion learning are established based on weighted aggregation of individual information, but the weight used in the latter is localized to the target individual. This article provides a review on two individualized inference methods through fusion learning, iFusion and iGroup, that are developed under different asymptotic settings. Both procedures guarantee optimal asymptotic theoretical performance and computational scalability.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Manifold Learning
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data
Combined expectancies: the role of expectations for the coding of salient bottom-up signals
Authors: Wiesing Michael , Fink Gereon R. , Weidner Ralph , Vossel Simone 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe visual system forms predictions about upcoming visual features based on previous visual experiences. Such predictions impact on current perception, so that expected stimuli can be detected faster and with higher accuracy. A key question is how these predictions are formed and on which levels of processing they arise. Particularly, predictions could be formed on early levels of processing, where visual features are represented separately, or might require higher levels of processing, with predictions formed based on full object representations that involve combinations of visual features. In four experiments, the present study investigated whether the visual system forms joint prediction errors or whether expectations about different visual features such as color and orientation are formed independently. The first experiment revealed that task-irrelevant and implicitly learned expectations were formed independently when the features were separately bound to different objects. In a second experiment, no evidence for a mutual influence of both types of task-irrelevant and implicitly formed feature expectations was observed, although both visual features were assigned to the same objects. A third experiment confirmed the findings of the previous experiments for explicitly rather than implicitly formed expectations. Finally, no evidence for a mutual influence of different feature expectations was observed when features were assigned to a single centrally presented object. Overall, the present results do not support the view that object feature binding generates joint feature-based expectancies of different object features. Rather, the results suggest that expectations for color and orientation are processed and resolved independently at the feature level.
Visual cues, expectations, and sensorimotor memories in the prediction and perception of object dynamics during manipulation
Authors: Schneider Thomas Rudolf , Buckingham Gavin , Hermsdörfer Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen we grasp and lift novel objects, we rely on visual cues and sensorimotor memories to predictively scale our finger forces and exert compensatory torques according to object properties. Recently, it was shown that object appearance, previous force scaling errors, and previous torque compensation errors strongly impact our percept. However, the influence of visual geometric cues on the perception of object torques and weights in a grasp to lift task is poorly understood. Moreover, little is known about how visual cues, prior expectations, sensory feedback, and sensorimotor memories are integrated for anticipatory torque control and object perception. Here, 12 young and 12 elderly participants repeatedly grasped and lifted an object while trying to prevent object tilt. Before each trial, we randomly repositioned both the object handle, providing a geometric cue on the upcoming torque, as well as a hidden weight, adding an unforeseeable torque variation. Before lifting, subjects indicated their torque expectations, as well as reporting their experience of torque and weight after each lift. Mixed-effect multiple regression models showed that visual shape cues governed anticipatory torque compensation, whereas sensorimotor memories played less of a role. In contrast, the external torque and committed compensation errors at lift-off mainly determined how object torques and weight were perceived. The modest effect of handle position differed for torque and weight perception. Explicit torque expectations were also correlated with anticipatory torque compensation and torque perception. Our main findings generalized across both age groups. Our results suggest distinct weighting of inputs for action and perception according to reliability.
The impact of acute remote ischaemic preconditioning on cerebrovascular function
Authors: Carter Howard H. , Maxwell Joseph D. , Hellsten Ylva , Thompson Andrew , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Jones Helen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) refers to the protection conferred to tissues and organs via brief periods of ischaemia in a remote vascular territory, including the brain. Recent studies in humans report that RIPC provides neuroprotection against recurrent (ischaemic) stroke. To better understand the ability of RIPC to improve brain health, the present study explored the potential for RIPC to acutely improve cerebrovascular function.MethodsEleven young healthy (femalesn = 6, age; 28.1 ± 3.7 years) and 9 older individuals (femalesn = 4, age 52.5 ± 6.7 years) at increased risk for stroke (cardiovascular disease risk factors) underwent assessments of cerebrovascular function, assessed by carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity and cerebral autoregulation during normo- and hypercapnia (5% CO2) following 40 mins of bilateral arm RIPC or a sham condition. Squat-to-stand manoeuvres were performed to induce changes in blood pressure to assess cerebral autoregulation (0.10 Hz) and analysed via transfer function.ResultsWe found no change in middle cerebral artery velocity or blood pressure across 40 mins of RIPC. Application of RIPC resulted in no change in CO2reactivity slopes (sham vs RIPC, 1.97 ± 0.88 vs 2.06 ± 0.69 cm/s/mmHgP = 0.61) or parameters of cerebral autoregulation during normocapnia (sham vs RIPC, normalised gain%, 1.27 ± 0.25 vs 1.22 ± 0.35,P = 0.46).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a single bout of RIPC does not influence cerebrovascular function acutely in healthy individuals, or those at increased cardiovascular risk. Given the previously reported protective role of RIPC on stroke recurrence in humans, it is possible that repeated bouts of RIPC may be necessary to impart beneficial effects on cerebrovascular function.
Extending access to localizer performance with vertical guidance approaches by means of an SBAS to GBAS converter
Authors: Dautermann Thomas , Ludwig Thomas , Geister Robert , Ehmke Lutz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently, many commercial airline aircraft cannot perform three-dimensionally guided approaches based on satellite-based augmentation systems. We propose a system to rebroadcast the correction and integrity data via a data link as provided by the ground-based augmentation system such that aircraft equipped with a GPS landing system (GLS) can use the wide-area corrections and perform localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV) approaches while maintaining the same level of integrity. In consequence, the system loses some availability and the time to alert is slightly increased. We build a prototype system and present data collected for one week, confirming technical feasibility. There is a loss of 5.3 percent of availability during a 1-week data collection cycle in which we compared our system to standalone LPV service. We tested our prototype with two commercially available GLS receivers with positive results and successfully demonstrated the functionality with a conventional Airbus 319 equipped with a standard GLS receiver.
Physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours of 6th-grade girls in Germany
Authors: Sturm David J. , Kelso Anne , Kobel Susanne , Demetriou Yolanda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim
Regular physical activity and low levels of sedentary time have positive health effects on youth, and data are needed to base public health recommendations on. Here, findings of device-based physical activity and sedentary time in sixth graders are presented. Data below are presented as mean (SD).

Subject and methods
Three hundred and eight sixth-grade girls [11.6 (0.6) years] from the CReActivity study in Germany wore accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) for 7 consecutive days. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary time (ST) was obtained during school days with a focus on recess times.

Results
Girls spent 79.9 (23.2) minutes in MVPA and 9.4 (1.2) hours in ST during schooldays, of which 20.5 (8.2) minutes and 3.8 (0.4) hours respectively were accumulated during school hours. On average, students had 35.4 (4.5) minutes break, of which 6.3 (3.2) minutes (17.8%) were spent in MVPA activity and 16.5 (6.2) minutes (46.6%) in ST.

Conclusion
School setting is an important factor for physical activity and sedentary time. Therefore policy, curriculums, and school environment should promote physical activity und reduce sedentary time during school hours.
Cytotoxic T cell depletion with increasing epithelial abnormality in women with benign breast disease
Authors: Adhikary Sabina , Hoskin Tanya L. , Stallings-Mann Melody L. , Arshad Muhammad , Frost Marlene H. , Winham Stacey J. , Peña Alvaro , Lee Delphine J. , Murphy Linda M. , Rakoff Michele , Denison Lori A. , Knutson Keith L. , Radisky Derek C. , Visscher Daniel W. , Degnim Amy C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeWe quantified cytotoxic T cells in nonmalignant breast tissues from women with and without subsequent breast cancer to assess evidence of whether immunosurveillance may be suppressed prior to tumor development.MethodsWe used an age-matched set of breast tissues from women with benign breast disease (BBD) who subsequently developed breast cancer (BBD with later BC), women with BBD who remained cancer free (BBD cancer-free), and normal Komen Tissue Bank (KTB) tissue donors (KTB controls). We evaluated terminal duct lobular units (lobules) for degree of epithelial abnormality and density of dual-positive CD8/CD103 T cells, as CD103+ cells are thought to be a subset of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells located primarily in the intraepithelial compartment.ResultsIn 10 sets of age-matched women, 256 breast lobules were studied: 85 in BBD women with later BC, 85 in BBD cancer-free women, and 86 in KTB donors. The majority of all lobules were histologically normal (N = 143, 56%), with 65 (25%) nonproliferative fibrocystic change, and 48 (19%) proliferative epithelial change (with or without atypia). In BBD women with later BC, median CD8+/CD103+ cell density was 39.6, 31.7, and 10.5 cells/mm2(p = 0.002) for normal, nonproliferative, and proliferative lobules. In BBD cancer-free women, median CD8+/CD103+ cell density values were 46.7, 14.3, and 0 cells/mm2(p = 0.004) respectively. In KTB donors, CD8+/CD103+ cell density was not significantly different across the lobule types (medians 0, 5.8, 10.7,p = 0.43).ConclusionIn women with BBD, breast lobules with increasing epithelial abnormality show significant decreases in cytotoxic T cells as measured by CD8/CD103 staining, suggesting that impaired immunosurveillance may be a component of the earliest stages of breast cancer development.
Early Family Life Course Standardization in Sweden: The Role of Compositional Change
Authors: Van Winkle Zachary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe diversity of early family life courses is thought to have increased, although empirical evidence is mixed. Less standardized family formation is attributed to compositional changes in educational attainment, labour market participation, and childhood living conditions. I investigate whether and why family trajectories have become more or less standardized across birth cohorts in Sweden. I combine sequence metrics with Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions to assess the compositional shifts that drive changes in family formation standardization. Family trajectories of individuals born in 1952, 1962, and 1972 from age 18 to 35 are reconstructed using Swedish register data. My results demonstrate that early family formation has become more standardized across birth cohorts. Further, compositional differences between birth cohorts partially account for this standardization, especially for women. For example, higher levels of educational attainment are associated with family formation standardization. This substantiates arguments that family formation may re-standardize following the second demographic transition.