bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative symptom dimensions in first episode psychosis: Is there a difference between schizophrenia and non‐schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Azzali Silvia , Paterlini Federica , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Chiri Luigi Rocco , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimIdentifying discrete dimensions that underline negative symptoms in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) could improve the understanding and the treatment of such invalidating symptomatology. The aim of this study is to examine the negative symptom structure in FEP individuals and to compare the resulting factor configurations between FEP subjects with and without Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD vs non‐SSD).MethodsOne hundred and seventy participants (88 SSD and 82 non‐SSD), aged 13–35 years, completed the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A principal component analysis was then performed to investigate PANSS negative symptom structure in both non‐SSD and SSD groups.ResultsWhereas in the SSD sample a 3‐factor model solution (i.e., “Socio‐Emotional Disengagement”, “Motor/Thought Poverty”, and “Avolition/Apathy” dimensions) was identified, a 2‐factor model solution (with a mixed alogia/avolition domain in addition to a mixed socio‐emotional disengagement/expressive deficits dimension) appeared more appropriate in the non‐SSD group.ConclusionsOur results show a relevant difference in the negative symptom factor structure between SSD and non‐SSD individuals. In particular, a different specificity and significance of negative symptom models in FEP populations with diagnoses other than schizophrenia (compared to those with SSD) must be realistically considered. Notably, a “Motor/Thought Poverty” domain, which specifically includes alogia and motor retardation separately from the other PANSS negative items, appears to specifically characterize FEP young patients with the schizophrenia spectrum.
SCN2A‐Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: Challenges to trial‐readiness for non‐seizure outcomes
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Palac Hannah , Wilkening Greta , Zelko Frank , Schust Meyer Leah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveSCN2A‐associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) present with seizures, developmental impairments, and often both. We sought to characterize the level and pattern of development in children with SCN2A variants, and to address the sensitivity of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) in measuring changes over time in children with SCN2A‐DEEs.MethodsClinical histories for participants with pathogenic SCN2A variants in the Simons SearchLight project were analyzed for descriptive purposes. VABS scores obtained at study entry and yearly thereafter were analyzed for floor and ceiling effects, change with age, and association with epilepsy through use of regression and longitudinal regression methods.ResultsSixty‐four participants (50 with epilepsy, 30 [47%] female, median age 49 months, interquartile range [IQR] 28 to 101) were included. Histories of birth complications (N = 34, 54%), neonatal neurological signs (N = 45, 74%), and other neurological symptoms (N = 31, 48%) were common and similar in epilepsy and nonepilepsy subgroups. Mean standardized VABS scores (Composite 53.5; Motor, 55.8, Communication, 54.1, Socialization, 59.4, and Daily living skills, 55.1) reflected performance ~3 standard deviations below the normative test average. In longitudinal regression analyses, standardized scores decreased between 1.3 and 2.8 points per year, suggesting regression of abilities. Raw score analyses, however, revealed several subdomains with substantial floor effects (eg, community use); other raw scores increased with increasing age. Participants with epilepsy scored 0.6 to 1 SD lower than those without epilepsy (all P’s < .05).SignificanceThe VABS, as standardly administered, has shortcomings for addressing growth or regression in individuals with SCN2A‐DEEs. Some subdomain raw scores reflected substantial floor effects. Raw scores increased so slowly over time that standardized scores declined. Alternative measures sensitive to incremental meaningful change are required if outcomes such as adaptive behavior are to be primary outcomes in short‐term clinical trials.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of small and large wounds reveals the distinct spatial organization of regenerative fibroblasts
Authors: Phan Quan M. , Sinha Sarthak , Biernaskie Jeff , Driskell Ryan R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) has been an important model to study hair follicle regeneration during wound repair. However, the cellular and molecular components of the dermis that make large wounds more regenerative are not fully understood. Here, we compare and contrast recently published scRNA‐seq data of small scarring wounds to wounds that regenerate in hope to elucidate the role of fibroblasts lineages in WIHN. Our analysis revealed an over‐representation of the newly identified upper wound fibroblasts in regenerative wound conditions, which express the retinoic acid binding protein Crabp1. This regenerative cell type shares a similar gene signature to the murine papillary fibroblast lineage, which are necessary to support hair follicle morphogenesis and homeostasis. RNA velocity analysis comparing scarring and regenerating wounds revealed the divergent trajectories towards upper and lower wound fibroblasts and that the upper populations were closely associated with the specialized dermal papilla. We also provide analyses and explanation reconciling the inconsistency between the histological lineage tracing and the scRNA‐seq data from recent reports investigating large wounds. Finally, we performed a computational test to map the spatial location of upper wound fibroblasts in large wounds which revealed that upper peripheral fibroblasts might harbour equivalent regenerative competence as those in the centre. Overall, our scRNA‐seq reanalysis combining multiple samples suggests that upper wound fibroblasts are required for hair follicle regeneration and that papillary fibroblasts may migrate from the wound periphery to the centre during wound re‐epithelialization. Moreover, data from this publication are made available on our searchable web resource: https://skinregeneration.org/.
Bioinformatics analysis of autophagy‐lysosomal degradation in cardiac aging
Authors: Kamihara Takahiro , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: November 2020

AimCardiac aging, which causes cardiac diastolic dysfunction, frequently occurs in older people. The role of autophagy in cardiac aging is the subject of intensive research. Autophagy comprises steps called the autophagosome formation and autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Caloric restriction (CR) is the gold standard used to induce autophagosome formation, and autophagosome–lysosome fusion is reduced by aging. However, few studies are available that survey and compare signaling during CR (autophagosome formation induced status) and old (potentially autophagosome–lysosome fusion‐reduced status). Here we aimed to identify the rate‐limiting step of autophagic disorders during cardiac aging.MethodsWe employed bioinformatics to analyze publicly available DNA microarray datasets. The first dataset compared the hearts of young and old C57BL6 mice (OLD). The second dataset compared the hearts of young C57BL6 mice fed a normal diet with those of young C57BL6 mice subjected to CR.ResultsWe analyzed OLD‐upregulated genes that were significantly associated with the Gene Ontogeny term “Autophagy,” indicating that autophagic genes were upregulated in OLD mice. The autophagy‐related gene Atg5 and Atg5‐related genes were upregulated in OLD and CR mice. The identified hub and bottleneck genes are autophagic autophagosome formation suppressors such as Sirt2, Ilk and Islr, as well as the autophagosome–lysosome fusion inducer Snapin.ConclusionsAutophagosome formation genes were upregulated in aging mice subjected to CR, indicating that an upregulated autophagosome formation is not a change specific to cardiac aging. However, autophagosome–lysosome fusion genes, particularly the lysosome transportation‐related gene Snapin, were downregulated in aging, indicating that autophagosome–lysosome fusion may cause autophagic disorders in cardiac aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 108–115.
African Hospital Libraries: How Shane Godbolt inspired and shaped a seedling
Authors: Blacklock Claire 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe co‐founderof African Hospital Libraries (AHL) chronicles how this charity grew from a tiny pop‐up library set up by two VSO volunteers and the hospital management team, to establishing health care library services in three provincial government referral hospitals (Makeni, Bo, Kenema) in Sierra Leone, and supporting link‐ups with a shared maternity and paediatric hospital library service in Freetown and two libraries in healthcare training institutions. She reflects on the impact that Shane Godbolt had and continues to have on the work and growth of the organisation.
A comparison of the in vitro permeation of 3‐O‐ethyl‐l‐ascorbic acid in human skin and in a living skin equivalent (LabSkin™)
Authors: Iliopoulos Fotis , Chapman Alex , Lane Majella E. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVESThe safety assessment of personal care products often entails determining dermal absorption of their ingredients. Such experiments are typically performed in human or animal skin in vitro; however, ethical and safety considerations are associated with obtaining these tissues. Several human skin equivalent models (HSEs) have been developed as alternatives to human tissue. The barrier function of such models however, is normally less developed than human skin. Here, we examine the permeability of the HSE LabSkinTM to a model compound, 3‐O‐ethyl‐l‐ascorbic acid (EA) compared with human skin.METHODSSkin uptake and permeation of EA was investigated in vitro using heat‐separated human epidermis and LabSkinTM. Finite dose (5 μL cm‐2) Franz‐diffusion studies were conducted using 2 % (w/w) EA in a ternary solvent mixture comprising propylene glycol (PG), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), and isopropyl myristate (IPM). These excipients are commonly used in cosmetic products and they have been reported to promote permeation of EA in a different model, namely porcine skin.RESULTSPermeation of EA through LabSkinTM was evident from 2 h; however, EA permeation in human skin was not detected until 5 h. Similar amounts of EA permeated through the two membranes at time points 8, 10, 12 and 24 h (p > 0.05). The cumulative amounts of EA delivered through LabSkinTM at 24 h were 41.3 ± 2.0 µg cm−2, corresponding to 55.1 ± 1.8 % of the applied dose. Similar amounts permeated across human skin, 49.4 ± 4.1 µg cm−2, accounting for 58.0 ± 4.2 % of the dose applied (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe permeation of EA in LabSkinTM compared well with results for human epidermis in terms of the permeation profiles and the cumulative amounts of EA that permeated. The data suggest that the skin barrier of the two models was similar with regard to their overall permeability to the hydrophilic active EA. The findings are promising for the use of LabSkinTM as a surrogate for human skin in permeability testing. Future studies will focus on exploring the reproducibility and robustness of LabSkinTM for delivery of other actives that span a range of physicochemical properties.
Evaluating Arabic textbooks: A corpus‐based lexical frequency study
Authors: Moser Janelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTextbooks play an essential role in foreign language programs; however, it is unclear if their contents match the most salient linguistic forms championed by usage‐based approaches to second language acquisition (SLA). Through the lens of a corpus‐based approach via lexical frequency, this study evaluates five of the most popular Arabic textbooks. Vocabulary was vowelled and lemmatized using the MADAMIRA morphological analyzer and compared to the first 3,000 most frequent words from A frequency dictionary of Arabic using AntWordProfiler. Results show a relatively low number of items at each frequency band, and subsequent recommendations are made for filling lexical gaps in Arabic and L2 textbooks.
Neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve increases arterial and venous velocity in patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Das Saroj K. , Dhoonmoon Luxmi , Chhabra Swati 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActivation of the venous muscle pumps by neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve has been previously shown to increase venous and arterial flow in the legs of healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to determine whether a similar effect is observed in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. 1 Hz intermittent electrostimulation of the common peroneal nerve was applied to 14 patients with ulcers between 1 and 10 cm in diameter, eliciting a small, painless, regular, muscular twitch of the leg. Flow was measured using Duplex ultrasound in the popliteal vein and the popliteal artery. Peak arterial velocity increased from 57 to 78 cm/s (P = .001) in sitting position, and from 79 to 98 cm/s in recumbent position (P = .001). Peak venous velocity increased from 10 to 33 cm/s (P = .001) sitting, and from 14 to 47 cm/s (P = .001) recumbent. Significant increases were observed in both venous and arterial blood flow in the lower limb. This suggestsed that activation of the venous muscle pump and improvement of arterial flow assisted oxygen delivery at the wound site. Moreover this may be a worthwhile intervention to assist in the healing of venous leg ulcers, and may provide a mechanistic explanation for the increased healing rates previously reported with neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve.
A relational database within the Leg Club Network: an audit
Authors: McIntyre Neil , Galazka Anna Milena , Lindsay Ellie , Bawden Robert , Renyi Roland 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe growing prevalence of venous leg ulcers in an ageing population presents challenges for wound care and management. The Lindsay Leg Club model is an alternative approach to the management of leg health that can improve patient outcomes. This article reports on an audit of a relational database located within the Leg Club Network, containing records of more than 17 000 patients (known as members) who attended a Leg Club in a 5‐year period (2014‐2019). Overall, over 266 000 member leg assessments and treatments were entered into the database. The average nurse‐member attendance time was 28 min, with a skill mix of 23% senior nurses, 70% qualified and associate nurses, and 7% nurses in supervisory roles. Healing rates averaged 62% after 12 weeks. Recurrence rates were 20% after 12 weeks. Annual clinical and volunteer hours averaged 821 and 800 h, respectively. Staffing costs were £28 per wound treatment or leg assessment with a typical duration of 27 min; 71% of members were aged 70 to 94 years old, which indicates the need for a service that caters to the specific requirements of this age group. However, no data on psychosocial and well‐being outcomes were recorded. Their inclusion in further developments of this database is recommended.
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION IN DIABETES MELLITUS—A STUDY WITH INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
Authors: Langer L. , Fagerberg S.‐E. , Johnsén Ch. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA controlled study of the peripheral circulation in 47 diabetics has been performed with the aid of thermography. Infrared emission patterns over hands and feet revealed asymmetries and/or deviations of the normal skin temperature distribution in all diabetics. The thermographic findings of the diabetic patients were in most cases distinctive, with an asymmetric decrease in the emission levels over one or more toes or fingers. These thermographic abnormalities are interpreted as reflecting probable vascular disturbances, which are characteristic of diabetes mellitus.
VAGAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Dotevall G. , Fagerberg S.‐E. , Langer L. , Walan A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe gastric secretory response to insulin administration has been investigated in eleven diabetic patients in order to study their vagal function. The mean duration of the disease was 16 years. One patient suffered from diarrhoea. The other diabetic patients were free of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract. From the criteria in the literature for surgical vagotomy, some patients with long duration of the disease and with severe signs of vascular and neurological involvement exhibited impaired vagal function. This supports the theory that impaired vagal function is the cause of disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus.
THE PERIPHERAL NERVE FUNCTION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Nielsen V. Kamp 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe vibratory perception threshold (VPT) has been determined in 85 normal persons and 97 patients with chronic renal failure. Innormal personsVPT was an exponential function of age. The rate of elevation was faster on the lower than on the upper extremity and faster in males than in females. In thepatient groupas a whole the average deviation from the normal mean VPT, adjusted for age and sex, was significantly elevated in the upper and lower extremities. Male patients were significantly more affected than female patients. In females no correlation was present with kidney function and/or age. In males the vibratory perception deteriorated significantly with advancing renal failure, and for comparable degree of renal failure the vibratory perception was more severely affected in old than in young patients. The vibratory perception was more affected on the lower than on the upper extremity and on distal than on proximal test spots. The degree of impairment was roughly correlated with the severity of clinical neuropathy. A significant correlation with the motor conduction velocity (Vm) in the peroneal nerve could be referred to a joint covariation with the kidney function. In the median nerve no correlation was present between VPT and electrophysiological data from sensory nerve conduction studies. Like other clinical components of peripheral neuropathy the diagnostic significance of VPT as an indicator of peripheral nerve dysfunction could be characterized by high specificity and low sensitivity. However, VPT is a quantitative measure and readily applicable for bedside examination, which may prove to be of particular value in longitudinal studies.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN SWEDISH BOYS OF 18
Authors: Ahlborg Björn , Linroth Klas , Nordgren Bengt , Nordesjö Lars‐Olof , Schéle Rickard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1965, in connection with enlistment for compulsory military service, 1 789 18‐year‐old men from practically the whole of Sweden have been examined in respect of different medical variables, e.g. blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight (b.wt.). The subjects constituted a representative sample of about 3% of the whole population of 18‐year‐old males. The variation of the sample in systolic and diastolic BP is reported. Due to illness or other causes of decreased fitness for service 394 individuals have been excluded as not being suitable in a normal material. For another 80 individuals the examinations were not complete for all variables, and these 80 individuals were therefore also excluded. The remaining material consisted of 1315 men. Relationships between BP and other variables are presented. The difference in BP between the excluded 474 individuals and the remaining material is small. Multiple correlation and regression between BP (systolic and diastolic), on the one hand, and resting HR and b.wt., on the other, are presented.
HEART RATE DURING EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Åberg Hans , Ström Gunnar , Werner Ivar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA group of 195 patients with atrial fibrillation, mostly due to advanced valvular heart disease, have been examined by the graded work test and an orthostatic test when they were on maintenance digitalis therapy. The highest attained work load averaged 275 kpm/min, at an average heart (ventricular) rate of 134 beats/min. This corresponded to a load of 145 at heart rate 110. There was a wide range of work capacity. The individual relationships of heart rate increase to work load increase varied considerably from linearity, but were approximately linear in many cases and the average for groups of patients were also relatively linear. Alinearity was observed especially in patients with a very low work capacity. The increase in heart rate during an orthostatic test was 30 beats/min or more in 8% of the patients. A ‘steady state’ was obtained during the highest work load in 44% of the patients. Our experience is that, in atrial fibrillation, the graded work test must be evaluated with caution but often gives valid clinical information.
PENTAGASTRIN‐ AND INSULIN‐INDUCED SECRETION IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Langer L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe insulin test has been accepted as the most reliable means of evaluating vagal function. A modified form of it—combined insulin/pentagastrin test—demonstrated in a controlled study that the vagal influence on gastric secretion is reduced, suggesting vagal dysfunction in 10 diabetics with an average duration of diabetes of 15 years without symptoms from the gastro‐intestinal tract. This agrees with the contention that delayed gastric emptying is another sign of vagal dysfunction.
Variability and selection among mutant families of wheat for biomass allocation, yield and yield‐related traits under drought‐stressed and non‐stressed conditions
Authors: OlaOlorun Boluwatife M. , Shimelis Hussein A. , Mathew Isack 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenetic variation is fundamental for plant breeding programmes. Exploiting the genetic variation of wheat for biomass allocation, yield and yield‐related traits enhances breeding for drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variation and to select best individuals among 180 M3 mutant families of wheat developed through EMS mutagenesis based on better biomass allocation to root systems, desirable agronomic traits and high yield potential under greenhouse and field environment evaluations with drought‐stressed and non‐stressed conditions. Experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with two replications. Days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 90% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), number of productive tillers (PTN), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), total biomass (TB), root–shoot ratio (RSR), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SPS), one thousand seed weight (TSW) and grain yield (GY) were collected. Mutant families showed significant genotypic (p < .05) variation for yield and biomass traits, whereas genotype × environment × water regime interaction effects were significant (p < .05) for DTM, SB, TB, TSW and GY. Superior families designated as 52, 159, 103, 126 and 145 were selected for improved drought tolerance and high biomass allocation to roots.