bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North-South diffusion of climate-mitigation technologies: the crowding-out effect on relocation
Authors: Ing Julie , Nicolaï Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe deployment of cleaner production technologies is supposed to be crucial to mitigate the effect of climate change. The diffusion of technology from developed to developing countries can be done through different channels. It can be a business decision such as firms' relocation, opening of a subsidiary or the adoption of technology by southern firms, or it may be decided at the government level. This paper investigates, in a two-country model (North and South), the relationship between the diffusion of mitigation technologies, firms' relocation and the environment. We assume that both countries implement a carbon tax and there are two kinds of production technology used: a relatively clean technology and a dirty one. This paper theoretically shows that the technology diffusion by technology adoption, public transfer or subsidiary creation induces a decrease in relocation, while technology diffusion via purchasing dirty southern firms may increase the number of relocated firms. The paper also demonstrates that technology diffusion may have perverse effects in the long run. Indeed, total emissions may increase with technology diffusion since southern firms become more competitive.
Recreating Giants Impacts in the Laboratory: Shock Compression of MgSiO3 Bridgmanite to 14 Mbar
Authors: Millot Marius , Zhang Shuai , Fratanduono Dayne E. , Coppari Federica , Hamel Sebastien , Militzer Burkhard , Simonova Dariia , Shcheka Svyatoslav , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Eggert Jon H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding giant impacts requires accurate description of how extreme pressures and temperatures affect the physical properties of the constituent materials. Here, we report shock experiments on two polymorphs of MgSiO
: enstatite and bridgmanite (perovskite) crystals. We obtain pressure‐density shock equation of state to 14 Mbar and more than 9 g/cm
, a 40% increase in density from previous data on MgSiO
. Density‐functional‐theory molecular dynamics (DFT‐MD) simulations provide predictions for the shock Hugoniot curves for bridgmanite and enstatite and suggest that the Grüneisen parameter decreases with increasing density. The good agreement between the simulations and the experimental data, including for the shock temperature along the enstatite Hugoniot reveals that DFT‐MD simulations reproduce well the behavior of dense fluid
. We also reveal a high optical reflectance indicative of a metal‐like electrical conductivity which supports the hypothesis that magma oceans may contribute to planetary magnetic field generation.
A New Method of 3‐D Magnetic Field Reconstruction
Authors: Torbert R. B. , Dors I. , Argall M. R. , Genestreti K. J. , Burch J. L. , Farrugia C. J. , Forbes T. G. , Giles B. L. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA method is described to model the magnetic field in the vicinity of three‐dimensional constellations of satellites (at least four) using field and plasma current measurements. This quadratic model matches the measured values of the magnetic field and its curl (current) at each spacecraft, with ∇ • B zero everywhere, and thus extends the linear curlometer method to second order. Near the spacecraft, it predicts the topology of magnetic structures, such as reconnecting regions or flux ropes, and allows a tracking of the motion of these structures relative to the spacecraft constellation. Comparisons to particle‐in‐cell simulations estimate the model accuracy. Reconstruction of two electron diffusion regions definitively confirms the expected field line structure. The model can be applied to other small‐scale phenomena (e.g., bow shocks) and can also be modified to reconstruct the electric field, allowing tracing of particle trajectories.
Lipid Biomarkers Quantify Holocene Summer Temperature and Ice Cap Sensitivity in Icelandic Lakes
Authors: Harning David J. , Curtin Lorelei , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , D'Andrea William J. , Miller Gifford H. , Sepúlveda Julio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough recent research has made significant advances in characterizing Iceland's Holocene environmental history, the region still lacks reliable and continuous records of corresponding paleotemperature. Here we merge bacterial and algal lipid biomarkers (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and long‐chain alkenones, respectively) to quantify Holocene temperature change from a small lake in northwest Iceland. Our local proxy record shows that early Holocene and late Holocene temperatures ranged from 3.2 to −1.1 oC relative today, which are in close agreement with independent estimates from regional ice cap models. At 2.4 ka, we observe abrupt cooling across bacteria‐, algae‐, and glacier‐derived proxy records, which may have been initiated by extratropical volcanism and/or ocean/atmospheric climate variability of the North Atlantic region. Using early Holocene warmth and ice cap demise as an analog for modern climate change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature projections suggest that the local ice cap, Drangajökull, could vanish by ~2050 CE.
Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes
Authors: Goldberg D. E. , Melgar D. , Sahakian V. J. , Thomas A. M. , Xu X. , Crowell B. W. , Geng J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 4 July 2019 Mw6.4 and subsequent 6 July 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest sequence earthquakes (CA, USA) ruptured orthogonal fault planes in a low slip rate (1 mm/year) dextral fault zone in the area linking the Eastern California Shear Zone and Walker Lane. This region accommodates nearly one fourth of plate boundary motion and has been proposed to be an incipient transform fault system that could eventually become the main tectonic boundary, replacing the San Andreas Fault. We investigate the rupture process of these events using a novel simultaneous kinematic slip method with joint inversion of high‐rate GNSS, strong motion, GNSS static offset, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data. We model the Coulomb stress change to evaluate how the Mw6.4 earthquake may have affected the subsequent Mw7.1 event. Our findings suggest complex interactions between several fault structures, including dynamic and static triggering, and provide important context for regional seismic source characterization and hazard models.
Targeting folate receptor β positive tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer with a folate-modified liposomal complex
Authors: Tie Yan , Zheng Heng , He Zhiyao , Yang Jingyun , Shao Bin , Liu Li , Luo Min , Yuan Xia , Liu Yu , Zhang Xiangxian , Li Hongyi , Wu Min , Wei Xiawei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate cancer progression by promoting tumor invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammatory responses, and immunosuppression. Folate receptor β (FRβ) is overexpressed in TAMs. However, the clinical significance of FRβ-positive macrophages in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we verified that FRβ overexpression in lung cancer TAMs was associated with poor prognosis. We utilized a folate-modified lipoplex comprising a folate-modified liposome (F-PLP) delivering a BIM-S plasmid to target both lung cancer cells and FRβ-positive macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Transfection of LL/2 cells and MH-S cells with F-PLP/pBIM induced cell apoptosis. Injection of F-PLP/pBIM into LL/2 and A549 lung cancer models significantly depleted FRβ-positive macrophages and reduced tumor growth. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with F-PLP/pBIM significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo by inducing tumor cell and macrophage apoptosis, reducing tumor proliferation, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. In addition, a preliminary safety evaluation demonstrated a good safety profile of F-PLP/pBIM as a gene therapy administered intravenously. This work describes a novel application of lipoplexes in lung cancer targeted therapy that influences the tumor microenvironment by targeting TAMs.
Circular RNA FAM114A2 suppresses progression of bladder cancer via regulating ∆NP63 by sponging miR-762
Authors: Liu Tianyao , Lu Qun , Liu Jin , Xie Shangxun , Feng Baofu , Zhu Wenjie , Liu Minghui , Liu Yanqing , Zhou Xinyan , Sun Wu , Zhang Yujing , Chen Xi , Fang Feng , Guo Hongqian , Yang Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerous evidences have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a key role in regulating the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the mechanism of circRNAs in urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) remains largely unclear. In this study, we found circFAM114A2 was significantly downregulated both in UCB tissue specimens and cell lines, and the expression level was highly correlated with pathological TNM stage and grade. Functionally, overexpression of circFAM114A2 dramatically inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of UCB cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we confirmed miR-762 was copiously pulled down by circFAM114A2 in 5637 and T24 cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) further indicated the cytoplasmic interactions between circFAM114A2 and miR-762. By using luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR-762 could directly target TP63. Subsequently, we found that circFAM114A2 might increase the expression of ∆NP63 (main isoform of TP63 in UCB) by sponging miR-762. Taken together, our results demonstrated that circFAM114A2 might serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-762 in regulating the expression of ∆NP63, thus suppressed UCB progression through circFAM114A2/miR-762/∆NP63 axis.
Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin
Authors: Csáky Veronika , Gerber Dániel , Koncz István , Csiky Gergely , Mende Balázs G. , Szeifert Bea , Egyed Balázs , Pamjav Horolma , Marcsik Antónia , Molnár Erika , Pálfi György , Gulyás András , Kovacsóczy Bernadett , Lezsák Gabriella M. , Lőrinczy Gábor , Szécsényi-Nagy Anna , Vida Tivadar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAfter 568 AD the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded the Avar Qaganate that was an important power in Central Europe until the 9th century. Part of the Avar society was probably of Asian origin; however, the localisation of their homeland is hampered by the scarcity of historical and archaeological data. Here, we study mitogenome and Y chromosomal variability of twenty-six individuals, a number of them representing a well-characterised elite group buried at the centre of the Carpathian Basin more than a century after the Avar conquest. The studied group has maternal and paternal genetic affinities to several ancient and modern East-Central Asian populations. The majority of the mitochondrial DNA variability represents Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z). The Y-STR variability of the analysed elite males belongs only to five lineages, three N-Tat with mostly Asian parallels and two Q haplotypes. The homogeneity of the Y chromosomes reveals paternal kinship as a cohesive force in the organisation of the Avar elite strata on both social and territorial level. Our results indicate that the Avar elite arrived in the Carpathian Basin as a group of families, and remained mostly endogamous for several generations after the conquest.
Full Dynamic Range Quantification using Loop-mediated Amplification (LAMP) by Combining Analysis of Amplification Timing and Variance between Replicates at Low Copy Number
Authors: Hardinge Patrick , Murray James A. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantification of nucleic acid targets at low copy number is problematic with the limit of detection at 95 percent confidence predicted to be 3 molecules or higher for quantitative PCR. Conversely the accuracy of digital PCR is diminished at higher concentrations of template approaching 100 percent positive partitions, with the Poisson distribution showing that an average of only 3 molecules per partition represents an amplification frequency of greater than 95 percent. Therefore a full range of template concentrations cannot be quantified accurately with these methods alone without dilution. Here we report the development of quantification metrics for use with loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) as a bridge between concentrated and dilute template concentrations. The basis for this is that real-time monitoring of LAMP reactions either by bioluminescent reporting (BART) or by fluorescent dye binding shows increasing variation in timings between replicates at low copy number due to the LAMP amplification mechanism. This effect increases with decreasing copy number, closely associated with the amplification frequency. The use of an artificial template showed that the increasing variation is not linked to the use of displacement primers during the initiation of amplification and is therefore a fundamental feature of the LAMP initiation event. Quantification between 1 and 10 copies of a template was successfully achieved with a number of methods with a low number of replicates with the strongest correlation to timing variance. These ultra-quantification methods for LAMP amplification either singularly or in combination have potential in a full dynamic range quantification strategy based on LAMP, in a closed tube, undiluted sample molecular diagnostic.
A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt
Authors: Bíl Michal , Krejčí Oldřich , Dolák Lukáš , Krejčí Vladimíra , Martínek Jan , Svoboda Jiří 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPavlovské vrchy Hills represent a distinctive elevation near the Czech-Austrian border where the active, dormant and relict landslides cover 12% of the area. Here we focused on the chronology of landsliding in this area using geological, archaeological and historical evidence. The earliest records of landsliding were determined in locations underlying the dated archaeological settlements. The Upper Paleolithic settlement complex dated between 37–24 ka cal BP, was originally deposited over these landslides. It was consequently destroyed in certain places by additional landslides preceding the last (Upper Pleniglacial) loess deposition (22 ka cal BP). These landslides took place before and after the Upper Paleolithic occupation of this area. This Pleistocene landslide event ranks among the oldest (albeit indirectly) dated landslide within the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt. The chronology of later, historical, landsliding was determined using written records (chronicles, official reports, archival evidence, etc.). Continuous records of landsliding were available as of the middle of the seventeenth century. The major concentration of landslides occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century (1910–1915). The 1663 landslide is currently the oldest landslide, in the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt, which was dated on the basis of documentary data.
Plant based production of myoglobin - a novel source of the muscle heme-protein
Authors: Carlsson Magnus L. R. , Kanagarajan Selvaraju , Bülow Leif , Zhu Li-Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyoglobin is a heme-protein in the muscle of vertebrates with important functions in the oxygenation of tissues and as a regulator in nitric oxide signaling. Myoglobin from many species is also an important nutritional source of bioavailable iron. In this study, we have successfully produced human myoglobin in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana by transient expression using a viral vector delivered by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Analyses confirmed that heme was incorporated and the protein was functional, with observed properties consistent with those of native myoglobins. A relatively high degree of purity could be achieved with low cost methods. The results show the high potential of plants as a production platform for heme proteins, a group of proteins of interest for iron nutrition applications and possible future pharmaceutical development.
VEGF-B ablation in pancreatic β-cells upregulates insulin expression without affecting glucose homeostasis or islet lipid uptake
Authors: Ning Frank Chenfei , Jensen Nina , Mi Jiarui , Lindström William , Balan Mirela , Muhl Lars , Eriksson Ulf , Nilsson Ingrid , Nyqvist Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects millions of people and is linked with obesity and lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues. Increased lipid handling and lipotoxicity in insulin producing β-cells may contribute to β-cell dysfunction in T2DM. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B regulates uptake and transcytosis of long-chain fatty acids over the endothelium to tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle. Systemic inhibition of VEGF-B signaling prevents tissue lipid accumulation, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, as well as reduces pancreatic islet triglyceride content, under T2DM conditions. To date, the role of local VEGF-B signaling in pancreatic islet physiology and in the regulation of fatty acid trans-endothelial transport in pancreatic islet is unknown. To address these questions, we have generated a mouse strain where VEGF-B is selectively depleted in β-cells, and assessed glucose homeostasis, β-cell function and islet lipid content under both normal and high-fat diet feeding conditions. We found that Vegfb was ubiquitously expressed throughout the pancreas, and that β-cell Vegfb deletion resulted in increased insulin gene expression. However, glucose homeostasis and islet lipid uptake remained unaffected by β-cell VEGF-B deficiency.
Hepatitis C virus infection suppresses hepatitis B virus replication via the RIG-I-like helicase pathway
Authors: Murai Kazuhiro , Hikita Hayato , Kai Yugo , Kondo Yasuteru , Fukuoka Makoto , Fukutomi Keisuke , Doi Akira , Yamai Takuo , Nakabori Tasuku , Fukuda Ryo , Takahashi Takeshi , Miyakawa Kei , Suemizu Hiroshi , Ryo Akihide , Yamada Ryoko , Kodama Takahiro , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in HBV/HCV-co-infected patients remain unclear. We examined RIG-I-like helicase (RLH) pathway activation by HBV mono-infection, HCV mono-infection or HBV/HCV co-infection and interference between HBV and HCV in primary human hepatocytes. Interference between HBV and HCV and HBV reactivation after DAA treatment in humanized-liver mice were assessed. HCV infection activated RLH pathway, as evidenced by RIG-I, ISG15 and ISG56 expression induction; HBV caused only RIG-I induction in vitro. RLH activation was also found in HBV/HCV-co-infected cells, and HBV replication were suppressed in HBV/HCV-co-infected than in HBV-mono-infected cells. siRNA-mediated double knockdown of ISG15 and ISG56 increased HBV replication in HBV/HCV-co-infected cells. HCV infection activated RLH pathway and suppressed HBV replication in humanized-liver mice. Subsequent elimination of HCV by DAA administration downregulated RLH pathway and upregulated HBV replication in mice. RLH pathway was activated in livers of chronic hepatitis C patients compared to those of chronic hepatitis B or non-B, non-C patients. The RLH pathway activation was downregulated by HCV elimination. In conclusion, HCV infection activated RLH pathway and suppressed HBV replication in human hepatocytes. HCV elimination upregulated HBV replication, probably through RLH pathway downregulation.
Characterization of chitosan/alginate/lovastatin nanoparticles and investigation of their toxic effects in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Thai Hoang , Thuy Nguyen Chinh , Thi Thach Loc , Thi Tran Mai , Duc Mai Huynh , Thi Thu Nguyen Trang , Duc Le Giang , Van Can Mao , Dai Tran Lam , Long Bach Giang , Ramadass Kavitha , Sathish C. I. , Van Le Quan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, chitosan and alginate were selected to prepare alginate/chitosan nanoparticles to load the drug lovastatin by the ionic gelation method. The synthesized nanoparticles loaded with drug were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The FTIR spectrum of the alginate/chitosan/lovastatin nanoparticles showed that chitosan and alginate interacted with lovastatin through hydrogen bonding and dipolar-dipolar interactions between the C-O, C=O, and OH groups in lovastatin, the C-O, NH, and OH groups in chitosan and the C-O, C=O, and OH groups in alginate. The laser scattering results and SEM images indicated that the alginate/chitosan/lovastatin nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a particle size in the range of 50–80 nm. The DSC diagrams displayed that the melting temperature of the alginate/chitosan/lovastatin nanoparticles was higher than that of chitosan and lower than that of alginate. This result means that the alginate and chitosan interact together, so that the nanoparticles have a larger crystal degree when compared with alginate and chitosan individually. Investigations of thein vitrolovastatin release from the alginate/chitosan/lovastatin nanoparticles under different conditions, including different alginate/chitosan ratios, different solution pH values and different lovastatin contents, were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The rate of drug release from the nanoparticles is proportional to the increase in the solution pH and inversely proportional to the content of the loaded lovastatin. The drug release process is divided into two stages: a rapid stage over the first 10 hr, then the release becomes gradual and stable. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model is most suitable for the lovastatin release process from the alginate/chitosan/lovastatin nanoparticles in the first stage, and then the drug release complies with other models depending on solution pH in the slow release stage. In addition, the toxicity of alginate/chitosan/lovastatin (abbreviated ACL) nanoparticles was sufficiently low in mice in the acute toxicity test. The LD50of the drug was higher than 5000 mg/kg, while in the subchronic toxicity test with treatments of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ACL nanoparticles, there were no abnormal signs, mortality, or toxicity in general to the function or structure of the crucial organs. The results show that the ACL nanoparticles are safe in mice and that these composite nanoparticles might be useful as a new drug carrier.