bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic anti-LILRB1 monoclonal antibody regulates antitumor functions of natural killer cells
Authors: Chen Heyu , Chen Yuanzhi , Deng Mi , John Samuel , Gui Xun , Kansagra Ankit , Chen Weina , Kim Jaehyup , Lewis Cheryl , Wu Guojin , Xie Jingjing , Zhang Lingbo , Huang Ryan , Liu Xiaoye , Arase Hisashi , Huang Yang , Yu Hai , Luo Wenxin , Xia Ningshao , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng Cheng 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCurrent immune checkpoint blockade strategies have been successful in treating certain types of solid cancer. However, checkpoint blockade monotherapies have not been successful against most hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma and leukemia. There is an urgent need to identify new targets for development of cancer immunotherapy. LILRB1, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing receptor, is widely expressed on human immune cells, including B cells, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and subsets of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. The ligands of LILRB1, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, activate LILRB1 and transduce a suppressive signal, which inhibits the immune responses. However, it is not clear whether LILRB1 blockade can be effectively used for cancer treatment.MethodsFirst, we measured the LILRB1 expression on NK cells from cancer patients to determine whether LILRB1 upregulated on NK cells from patients with cancer, compared with NK cells from healthy donors. Then, we developed specific antagonistic anti-LILRB1 monoclonal antibodies and studied the effects of LILRB1 blockade on the antitumor immune function of NK cells, especially in multiple myeloma models,in vitroandin vivoxenograft model using non-obese diabetic (NOD)-SCID interleukin-2Rγ-null mice.ResultsWe demonstrate that percentage of LILRB1+NK cells is significantly higher in patients with persistent multiple myeloma after treatment than that in healthy donors. Further, the percentage of LILRB1+NK cells is also significantly higher in patients with late-stage prostate cancer than that in healthy donors. Significantly, we showed that LILRB1 blockade by our antagonistic LILRB1 antibody increased the tumoricidal activity of NK cells against several types of cancer cells, including multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors,in vitroandin vivo.ConclusionsOur results indicate that blocking LILRB1 signaling on immune effector cells such as NK cells may represent a novel strategy for the development of anticancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of cytokine concentrations in a trehalose‐stabilised lyophilised canine platelet product: a preliminary study
Authors: Goggs Robert , Cremer Signe , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPlatelet transfusion is indicated for haemorrhage due to severe thrombocytopenia and for trauma associated coagulopathy. Febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions are a common complication of platelet transfusions in people and may be due to accumulated inflammatory cytokines. The present study aimed to determine the cytokine profile of a novel canine lyophilised platelet product following reconstitution, to assess the lyophilised platelets’ activation response to physiological platelet agonists and to compare the cytokine profiles of basal and stimulated canine lyophilised platelets.MethodsCell counts and biochemical analyses were conducted following reconstitution. Cytokine concentrations were measured with a canine‐specific multiplex immunocapture assay and with an electrochemiluminescent ELISA. Aliquots of reconstituted product from three separate vials were activated for 10 minutes under non‐stirred conditions using adenosine diphosphate, thrombin or convulxin and their cytokine concentrations compared with unactivated samples. Flow cytometry and light‐transmission aggregometry were used to evaluate the product’s ability to express a procoagulant surface, degranulate and aggregate. Fresh platelet‐rich plasma was used as a positive control.ResultsThe product had a mean±SD particle count of 1.23±0.2×109 /ml, contained platelets that expressed surface phosphatidylserine before agonist stimulation and was capable of aggregation in response to thrombin stimulation suggesting that the product may have haemostatic potential following in vivo administration. Cytokine concentrations measured by the immunocapture assay were generally low, while twofold to threefold increases relative to published intervals were noted for several cytokines using the ELISA. Concentrations of chemokine (C‐X‐C) motif ligand 8 and tumour necrosis factor‐α were significantly increased as measured by the ELISA, but not by the immunocapture assay, while concentrations of KC‐like were significantly increased as measured by the immunocapture assay. Stimulation with platelet agonists did not affect measured cytokine concentrations.ConclusionFurther study of the effects of administration of this lyophilised platelet product is warranted.
Hearts are Poised Near the Edge of Chaos
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Wu Zhengze , Chua Leon 
Published: August 2020

The Cardiac Purkinje Fiber (CPF) is the last branch of the heart conduction system, which is meshed with the normal ventricular myocyte. Purkinje fiber plays a key role in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and maintenance. Does the heart Purkinje fiber cells have the same memory function as the cerebral nerve? In this paper, the cardiac Hodgkin–Huxley equation is taken as the object of study. In particular, we find that the potassium ion-channel [Formula: see text] and the sodium ion-channel [Formula: see text] are memristors. We also derive the small-signal equivalent circuits about the equilibrium points of the CPF Hodgkin–Huxley model. According to the principle of local activity, the regions of Locally-Active domain, Edge of Chaos domain and Locally-Passive domain are partitioned under parameters [Formula: see text], and the domain exhibiting the normal human heartbeat frequency range (Goldilocks Zone) is identified. Meanwhile, the Super-Critical Hopf bifurcation of the CPF Hodgkin–Huxley model is identified. Finally, the migration changes between different state domains under external current [Formula: see text] excitation are analyzed in detail. All of the above complex nonlinear dynamics are distilled and mapped geometrically into a surreal union of intersecting two-dimensional manifolds, dubbed the Hodgkin–Huxley’s magic roof.
Stability and Bifurcation in Discrete Mechanical Systems: An Experimental and Analytical Study
Authors: Guan Yue , Virgin Lawrence N. 
Published: August 2020

The curse of dimensionality looms over many studies in science and engineering. Low-order systems provide conceptual clarity but often fail to reveal the extent of possible complexity, whereas high-order systems present a host of daunting challenges to the analyst, not least the classification and visualization of typical behavior. In this paper, we detail the behavior of systems that fall somewhere between a classification of low- and high-order. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]We present both theoretical and experimental investigations into the nonlinear behavior of a couple of mechanical systems with three mechanical/structural degrees-of-freedom (DOF), with a special focus on bifurcation and multiple equilibria. Useful insight is provided by observation of transient trajectories as they meander about and between equilibria, especially revealing the influence of unstable equilibria, not normally accessible in an experimental context. For instance, the influences of index-1 saddles are mainly detected in three aspects: determining the systems capability to snap-through by generating accessible snap-though tubes, attracting nearby trajectories temporarily oscillating around it, and separating adjacent trajectories. Iso-potentials are 3D-printed to present the energy landscape. For these systems, the 3D configuration space allows considerable complexity, but is also somewhat amenable to geometric interpretation. By varying a mass/stiffness ratio as a control parameter, bifurcation structures and morphing potential energy landscapes exhibiting up to 11 equilibria are obtained. Finally, analytical and experimental studies reveal that parametric excitations can stabilize some unstable equilibria under the right amplitudes and frequencies.
Bifurcations of Solitary Waves of a Simple Equation
Authors: Yang Jiaopeng , Liu Rui , Chen Yiren 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider a simple equation which involves a parameter [Formula: see text], and its traveling wave system has a singular line. Firstly, using the qualitative theory of differential equations and the bifurcation method for dynamical systems, we show the existence and bifurcations of peak-solitary waves and valley-solitary waves. Specially, we discover the following novel properties: (i) In the traveling wave system, there exist infinitely many periodic orbits intersecting at a point, or two points and passing through the singular line, and there is no singular point inside a homoclinic orbit. (ii) When [Formula: see text], in the equation there exist three types of bifurcations of valley-solitary waves including periodic wave, blow-up wave and double solitary wave. (iii) When [Formula: see text], in the equation there exist two types of bifurcations of valley-solitary wave including periodic wave and blow-up wave, but there is no double solitary wave bifurcation. Secondly, we perform numerical simulations to visualize the above properties. Finally, when [Formula: see text] and the constant wave speed equals [Formula: see text], we give exact expressions to the above phenomena.
Focused echocardiography in COVID-19: An unusual case of acute right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Cherian Nishant , Reynard Charles , Body Richard 
Published: August 2020

Background During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rapid diagnostics have been frequently sought to quickly evaluate a patient’s condition. Lung ultrasound can provide an early glimpse into the disease process and its severity. The addition of focused echocardiography can be particularly helpful in the haemodynamically compromised patient to detect myocardial involvement and alternative diagnoses. Case We discuss here a 53-year-old patient who presented to the Emergency Department with hypoxia and hypotension. Bedside focused ultrasound revealed signs of COVID-19 pneumonia with evidence of right ventricular strain, initially thought to be due to massive pulmonary embolism. A computed tomography scan confirmed the findings on ultrasonography, but surprisingly did not demonstrate a pulmonary embolism. Conclusion Point-of-care ultrasound in COVID-19 aided the diagnosis of affected organs and helped categorise the type of shock in this patient; however, right ventricular dysfunction should be interpreted with caution and may not be due to a pulmonary embolism, as in this case.
Suicidal behaviours among adolescents from 90 countries: a pooled analysis of the global school-based student health survey
Authors: Campisi Susan C. , Carducci Bianca , Akseer Nadia , Zasowski Clare , Szatmari Peter , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the burden and determinants of suicide during adolescence is key to achieving global health goals. We examined the prevalence and determinants of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts among younger (13–15 years) and older adolescents (16–17 years).MethodsPooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval, were calculated for suicide ideation and attempts for 118 surveys from 90 countries that administered the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to adolescents (13–17 years of age) from 2003 to 2017. Indicators (including individual and social factors) associated with suicidal ideation and attempts were determined from multivariable linear regressions on key outcomes.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation representing 397,299 adolescents (51.3% female) was significantly higher among girls than boys whereas attempts did not differ by age or sex. Being bullied, or having no close friends was associated with suicidal ideation among girls 13–15 years and 16–17 years, respectively. Among all boys, being in a fight and having no close friends was associated with suicidal ideation with the addition of serious injury for boys 13–15 years. Common to all younger adolescents was an association of suicide attempt with being bullied and having had a serious injury. Among young boys, having no close friends was an additional indicator for suicide attempt. Having no close friends was associated with suicide attempt in older adolescents with the addition to being bullied in older girls and serious injury in older boys.ConclusionsBuilding positive social relationships with peers and avoiding serious injury appear key to suicide prevention strategies for vulnerable adolescents. Targeted programs by age group and sex for such indicators could improve mental health during adolescence in low and middle-income countries, given the diverse risk profiles for suicidal ideation and attempts.
Advanced lipoprotein profile disturbances in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a focus on LDL particles
Authors: Amor Antonio J. , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Hernández Marta , Gimenez Marga , Granado-Casas Minerva , Blanco Jesús , Soldevila Berta , Esmatjes Enric , Conget Ignacio , Alonso Nuria , Ortega Emilio , Mauricio Didac 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Lipoprotein disturbances have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We assessed the advanced lipoprotein profile in T1DM individuals, and analysed differences with non-diabetic counterparts.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 508 adults with T1DM and 347 controls, recruited from institutions in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Conventional and advanced (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) lipoprotein profiles were analysed. Crude and adjusted (by age, sex, statin use, body mass index and leukocyte count) comparisons were performed.

Results
The median (interquartile range) age of the study participants was 45 (38–53) years, 48.2% were men. In the T1DM group, the median diabetes duration was 23 (16–31) years, and 8.1% and 40.2% of individuals had nephropathy and retinopathy, respectively. The proportion of participants with hypertension (29.5 vs. 9.2%), and statin use (45.7% vs. 8.1%) was higher in the T1DM vs. controls (p < 0.001). The T1DM group had a better conventional (all parameters, p < 0.001) and NMR-lipid profile than the control group. Thus, T1DM individuals showed lower concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins (VLDL-particles and LDL-particles) and higher concentrations of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins (HDL-particles) vs. controls, even after adjusting for several confounders (p < 0.001 for all). While non-diabetic women had a more favourable lipid profile than non-diabetic men, women with T1DM had a similar concentration of LDL-particles compared to men with T1DM (1231 [1125–1383] vs. 1257 [1128–1383] nmol/L, p = 0.849), and a similar concentration of small-LDL-particles to non-diabetic women (672.8 [614.2–733.9] vs. 671.2 [593.5–761.4] nmol/L, respectively; p = 0.790). Finally, T1DM individuals showed higher discrepancies between NMR-LDL-particles and conventional LDL-cholesterol than non-diabetic subjects (prevalence of LDL-cholesterol < 100 mg/dL & LDL-particles > 1000 nmol/L: 38 vs. 21.2%; p < 0.001). All these differences were largely unchanged in participants without lipid-lowering drugs (T1DM, n = 275; controls, n = 317).

Conclusions
Overall, T1DM participants showed a more favourable conventional and NMR-lipid profile than controls. However, the NMR-assessment identified several lipoprotein derangements in LDL-particles among the T1DM population (higher discrepancies in NMR-LDL-particles vs. conventional LDL-cholesterol; a worse profile in T1DM women) that were overlooked in the conventional analysis. Further studies are needed to elucidate their role in the development of CVD in this population.
Dietary habits associated with growth development of children aged < 5 years in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso
Authors: Mank Isabel , Vandormael Alain , Traoré Issouf , Ouédraogo Windpanga Aristide , Sauerborn Rainer , Danquah Ina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Knowing which dietary habits are associated with child growth could lead to better long-term health outcomes and improve the design of food-based interventions. We aimed to identify dietary habits that are associated with the growth development of children aged < 5 years living in rural Burkina Faso.

Methods
This study used cross-sectional baseline data from 514 children (8–59 months) within the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in 2018. Household socio-demographics and child dietary habits, height and weight were assessed. We constructed scores for dietary diversity (DDS) and food variety (FVS), and extracted exploratory dietary pattern scores (DPS) using principal component analysis (PCA). Child growth was measured using height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ). We used multiple-adjusted linear regressions considering for socio-economic factors to quantify associations.

Results
In this study population (median 36 ± 14 months old), stunting (HAZ < − 2) was seen in 26% and wasting (WHZ < − 2) in 7%. The DDS (median 7 ± 2 food groups) was positively associated with WHZ, while the FVS (median 13 ± 8 food items) was inversely associated with HAZ. We identified 4 dietary patterns: leaves-based, beans and poultry-based, maize and fish-based, and millet and meat-based diets. Only the maize and fish-based diet showed a statistically significant and here positive trend for associations with WHZ.

Conclusion
Growth development of children aged < 5 years continues to be a health problem in the Nouna HDSS. A higher dietary diversity and food variety and dietary patterns characterized by maize and fish and beans and poultry intake appear to be beneficial for growth of young children in this area.
Chemotherapy is not necessary for early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer after undergoing comprehensive staging surgery
Authors: Li Shuqing , Zhu Zhiling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate whether adjuvant chemotherapy is essential for patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer, the present study collected data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. All subjects underwent comprehensive staging surgery and were diagnosed as stages IA-IIA, grade 1–2. A total of 2644 patients were enrolled in the present study, among which 1589 patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. Comparisons of categorical data were performed via χ2 tests. Variables with P < 0.05 in univariate analyses were further analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Selection bias from the heterogeneity of demographic and clinical characteristics was avoided using propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), investigating the association between variables and 5-year overall survival. After the propensity score matching, there was an equal number of patients with or without chemotherapy (n = 925). The results of the present study indicated that those aged ≥65 years were at an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and the age was associated with poor prognosis (HR, 1.486; CI, 1.208–1.827; P < 0.001). Endometrioid carcinoma was associated with improved 5-year overall survival compared with serous cystadenocarcinoma (HR, 0.697; CI, 0.584–0.833; P < 0.001). Chemotherapy could not prolong the 5-year overall survival of patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer (HR, 1.092; CI, 0.954–1.249; P = 0.201). These results demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy was unnecessary for patients with early-stage serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer after they underwent comprehensive staging surgery.
Formula of compressibility and using it for air, noble gases, some hydrocarbons gases, some diatomic simple gases and some other fluids
Authors: Al-Raeei Marwan , El-Daher Moustafa Sayem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on solutions of the Ornstein–Zernike equation (OZE) of Lennard–Jones potential for mean spherical approximation (MSA), we derive analytical formula for the compressibility assuming that the system is of low density, homogeneous, isotropic and composed of one component. Depending on this formula, we find the values of the bulk modulus and the compressibility of air at room temperature and the bulk modulus and the compressibility of Methane, Ethylene, Propylene and Propane at nine per ten of critical temperature of each hydrocarbon. Also, we find the speed of sound in the air at various temperatures, the speed of sound in each of Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Methane, Ethylene, Propylene, Propane, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Oxygen, Nitrous oxide (laughing gas), Carbon dioxide, Nitric oxide, Carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide and dichlorodifluoromethane at room temperature. Besides, we find the speed of sound in Methane, Ethylene, Propylene and Propane at nine per ten of critical temperature of each hydrocarbons depending on the formula we find. We show that the simple formula we derive in this work is reliable and agrees with the results obtained from other studies and literatures. We believe it can be used for many systems which are in low densities and described by Lennard–Jones potential.