bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light regulation of light‐harvesting antenna size substantially enhances photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield in green algae†
Authors: Negi Sangeeta , Perrine Zoee , Friedland Natalia , Kumar Anil , Tokutsu Ryutaro , Minagawa Jun , Berg Howard , Barry Amanda N. , Govindjee Govindjee , Sayre Richard 
Published: March 2020

SummaryOne of the major factors limiting biomass productivity in algae is the low thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. The greatest thermodynamic inefficiencies in photosynthesis occur during the conversion of light into chemical energy. At full sunlight the light‐harvesting antenna captures photons at a rate nearly 10 times faster than the rate‐limiting step in photosynthetic electron transport. Excess captured energy is dissipated by non‐productive pathways including the production of reactive oxygen species. Substantial improvements in photosynthetic efficiency have been achieved by reducing the optical cross‐section of the light‐harvesting antenna by selectively reducing chlorophyll b levels and peripheral light‐harvesting complex subunits. Smaller light‐harvesting antenna, however, may not exhibit optimal photosynthetic performance in low or fluctuating light environments. We describe a translational control system to dynamically adjust light‐harvesting antenna sizes for enhanced photosynthetic performance. By expressing a chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) gene having a 5′ mRNA extension encoding a Nab1 translational repressor binding site in a CAO knockout line it was possible to continuously alter chlorophyll b levels and correspondingly light‐harvesting antenna sizes by light‐activated Nab1 repression of CAO expression as a function of growth light intensity. Significantly, algae having light‐regulated antenna sizes had substantially higher photosynthetic rates and two‐fold greater biomass productivity than the parental wild‐type strains as well as near wild‐type ability to carry out state transitions and non‐photochemical quenching. These results have broad implications for enhanced algae and plant biomass productivity.
Bacterial contamination rate of platelet components by primary culture: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: White Sandra K. , Schmidt Robert L. , Walker Brandon S. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDPlatelets have the highest bacterial contamination risk of all blood components, and septic transfusion reactions remain a problem. A good estimate of contamination rates could provide information about residual risk and inform optimal testing strategies. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of platelet contamination rates by primary culture.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA literature search in December 2019 identified articles on platelet contamination rates using primary culture. We used meta‐analysis to estimate the overall rate of contamination and meta‐regression to identify heterogeneity. We studied the following sources of heterogeneity: collection method, sample volume, positivity criteria, and study date. Contamination rate estimates were obtained for apheresis (AP), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and buffy coat (BC) collection methods.RESULTSThe search identified 6102 studies, and 22 were included for meta‐analysis. Among these 22 studies, there were 21 AP cohorts (4,072,022 components), 4 PRP cohorts (138,869 components), and 15 BC cohorts (1,474,679 components). The overall mean contamination rate per 1000 components was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38‐0.67) including AP (0.23, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.28), PRP, (0.38, 95% CI: 0.15‐0.70), and BC (1.12, 95% CI: 0.51‐1.96). There was considerable variability within each collection method. Sample volume, positivity criteria, and publication year were significant sources of heterogeneity.CONCLUSIONThe bacterial contamination rate of platelets by primary culture is 1 in 1961. AP and PRP components showed a lower contamination rate than BC components. There is clinically significant between‐study variability for each method. Larger sample volumes increased sensitivity, and bacterial contamination rates have decreased over time.
The Effects of a Short Specific Versus a Long Traditional Warm-Up on Time-Trial Performance in Cross-Country Skiing Sprint
Authors: Solli Guro Strøm , Haugnes Pål , Kocbach Jan , van den Tillaar Roland , Torvik Per Øyvind , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:To compare the effects of a short specific and a long traditional warm-up on time-trial performance in cross-country skiing sprint using the skating style, as well as related differences in pacing strategy and physiological responses.Methods:In total, 14 (8 men and 6 women) national-level Norwegian cross-country skiers (age 20.4 [3.1] y; VO2max 65.9 [5.7] mL/kg/min) performed 2 types of warm-up (short, 8 × 100 m with gradual increase from 60% to 95% of maximal speed with a 1-min rest between sprints, and long, ∼35 min at low intensity, including 5 min at moderate and 3 min at high intensity) in a randomized order with 1 hour and 40 minutes of rest between tests. Each warm-up was followed by a 1.3-km sprint time trial, with continuous measurements of speed and heart rate.Results:No difference in total time for the time trial between the short and long warm-ups (199 [17] vs 200 [16] s;P = .952), or average speed and heart rate for the total course, or in the 6 terrain sections (allP < .41,η2 < .06) was found. There was an effect of order, with total time-trial time being shorter during test 2 than test 1 (197 [16] vs 202 [16] s;P = .004). No significant difference in blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion was found between the short versus long warm-ups or between test 1 and test 2 at any of the measurement points during the test day (P < .58,η2 > .01).Conclusions:This study indicates that a short specific warm-up could be as effective as a long traditional warm-up during a sprint time trial in cross-country skiing.
The Relationship Between Surface Electromyographic Activity and Torque Production of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises
Authors: Stodart Bill , Cup Maria , Kindel Curtis 
Published: March 2020

In current rehabilitation practice, exercise selection is commonly based on the amount of muscle recruitment demonstrated by electromyographic (EMG) analysis. A preponderance of evidence supports the concept that EMG of a muscle and torque output are positively correlated. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between surface EMG activity of the infraspinatus and torque production during exercises involving shoulder external rotation (ER). A total of 30 participants (average age = 24.6 y) performed maximum voluntary isometric contraction of ER at 5 points within the range of motion of 3 shoulder exercise positions with concomitant surface EMG recording. As a maximal internally rotated position was approached, maximum ER torque and minimum or near-minimum EMG recruitment were demonstrated. Conversely, at maximally externally rotated positions, EMG activity was greatest and torque values were lowest. An inverse relationship between joint torque output and EMG activity was established in each of the 3 exercises. The inverse relationship between EMG activity and torque output during Shoulder ER suggests that there may be additional factors warranting consideration during exercise selection. Further research may be needed to determine the relative value of electrical activity versus torque output to optimize the selection of rehabilitative exercises.
Psychometric validation of a Patient-Centred Quality of Cancer Care Questionnaire in Mexico
Authors: Doubova Svetlana V , Martinez-Vega Ingrid Patricia , Gutiérrez-De-la-Barrera Marcos , Infante-Castañeda Claudia , Aranda-Flores Carlos E , Monroy Adriana , Gómez-Laguna Laura , Knaul Felicia Marie , Pérez-Cuevas Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a Patient-Centred Quality of Cancer Care Questionnaire in Spanish (PCQCCQ-S) appropriate to the Mexican context.DesignPsychometric validation of a questionnaire.SettingTwo public oncology hospitals in Mexico City.Participants1809 patients with cancer aged ≥18 years.Source of informationCross-sectional survey.MethodsThe validation procedures comprised (1) content validity through a group of experts and patients; (2) item reduction and evaluation of the factor structure, through an exploratory factor analysis based on the polychoric correlation matrix; (3) internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha; (4) convergent validity between the PCQCCQ-S and supportive care needs scale; (5) correlation analysis between the PCQCCQ-S and quality of life scale by calculating Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient; and (6) differentiation by ‘known groups’ through the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsThe PCQCCQ-S has 30 items with the following five factors accounting for 96.5% of the total variance: (1) timely care; (2) clarity of the information; (3) information for treatment decision-making; (4) activities to address biopsychosocial needs; and (5) respectful and coordinated care. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.73 to 0.90 among the factors. PCQCCQ-S has moderate convergent validity with supportive care needs scale, revealing that higher quality is correlated with lower patient needs. PCQCCQ-S has acceptable ability to differentiate by ‘known groups’, showing that older patients and those with low levels of education perceived lower total quality of care as compared with their counterparts.ConclusionPCQCCQ-S has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used to measure quality of patient-centred cancer care in Mexico and serve as a reference to develop PCQCCQ-S in other Spanish-speaking countries.
Association between uterine contractions before elective caesarean section and transient tachypnoea of the newborn: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shinohara Satoshi , Amemiya Atsuhito , Takizawa Motoi 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between the presence of predelivery uterine contractions and transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) in women undergoing an elective caesarean section.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingNational Hospital Organization Kofu National Hospital, which is a community hospital, between January 2011 and May 2019.ParticipantsThe study included 464 women who underwent elective caesarean section. The exclusion criteria were missing data, twin pregnancy, neonatal asphyxia, general anaesthesia and elective caesarean section before term.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatients were grouped according to the presence or absence of uterine contractions on a 40-min cardiotocogram (CTG) performed within 6 hours before caesarean delivery. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association between predelivery uterine contractions and TTN.ResultsThe incidence of TTN was 9.9% (46/464), and 38.4% (178/464) of patients had no uterine contraction. The absence of uterine contractions was significantly associated with an increased risk of TTN (adjusted OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.82) after controlling for gestational diabetes mellitus, small for gestational age, male sex and caesarean section at 37 weeks.ConclusionsAccurate risk stratification using a CTG could assist in the management of infants who are at risk of developing TTN.
Prevalence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisin men having sex with men in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jean Louis Frantz , Galbaud Guethina , Leonard Maureen , Pericles Emmanuel , Journel Ito , Buteau Josiane , Boncy Jacques , Jean Francois Regine , Domercant Jean Wysler 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesOver the last 15 years, the prevalence of HIV in Haiti has stabilised to around 2.0%. However, key populations remain at higher risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of HIV is 12.9% among men having sex with men (MSM). There is limited information about the prevalence of other STI in the Haitian population in general and even less among key populations. We assessed the burden ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) and risk factors for infections among MSM in Haiti.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. MSM were recruited from seven health facilities in Port-au-Prince. All samples were tested by nucleic acid amplification test, using GeneXpert. A survey was administered to the participants to collect socio-demographic, clinical and risk behaviour data.ResultsA total of 216 MSM were recruited in the study. The prevalence rates of CT and NG were 11.1% and 16.2%, respectively. CT NG co-infections were found in 10/216 (4.6%) of the participants. There were 39 MSM with rectal STI compared with 17 with genital infections. Participants between 18–24 and 30–34 years old were significantly more likely to be infected with NG than those aged 35 years or older (OR: 22.96, 95% CI: 2.79 to 188.5; OR: 15.1, 95% CI: 1.68 to 135.4, respectively). Participants who never attended school or had some primary education were significantly more likely to be infected with NG than those with secondary education or higher (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 9.07). People tested negative for HIV were significantly more likely to be infected with CT than people living with HIV/AIDS (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.37 to 11.2).ConclusionsPeriodic risk assessment and testing for STI should be offered in Haiti as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve the sexual health of key populations.
Occupational lifting and adverse pregnancy outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Croteau Agathe 
Published: March 2020

This systematic review was conducted to help clarify the effect of lifting at work on pregnancy outcome, by focusing on specific exposure categories. A search in Medline and Embase identified 51 articles reporting association of spontaneous abortion (SA), preterm delivery (PTD) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant with exposure to occupational lifting. A global validity score was assigned to each study and six potential sources of bias were considered in sensitivity analyses. For each exposure–outcome combination, a summary risk estimate (RE) was obtained from all studies and from a subset of studies with high validity score, this latter summary RE was selected as a final result. Statistical heterogeneity was measured with I2and Q tests and the possibility of a publication bias was also assessed. For each meta-analysis, the strength of evidence was established from explicit criteria. Heavy (or ≥10 kg) loads often (or ≥10x/day) lifted were associated with increased risks of SA (summary RE=1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.47) and PTD (summary RE=1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43), with good strength of evidence. No association was identified with SGA, nor with lower exposure levels and SA or PTD. These results are reassuring for lower levels of exposure; however, observed associations can guide health professionals’ recommendations aimed at the prevention of SA and PTD for pregnant women who frequently lift (or ≥10x/day) heavy (or ≥10 kg) loads at work.Résumé
Right ventricle in adulthood: CT and MR assessment
Authors: Mak Sze Mun , Gopalan Deepa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnatomical complexities coupled with a protracted subclinical disease course, particularly in the early stages, makes the right ventricle (RV) the less studied entity when compared with the left. RV failure is an important predictor of survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. Technological advances have made it possible to visualise and characterise a variety of diseases that affect the RV. This review article will give a broad overview of the main RV pathology to general radiologists in particular those that manifest in adulthood. Congenital heart disease is a vast topic that is beyond the scope of this paper.
FLCN-regulated miRNAs suppressed reparative response in cells and pulmonary lesions of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Min Haiyan , Ma Dehua , Zou Wei , Wu Yongzheng , Ding Yibing , Zhu Chengchu , Lin Anqi , Song Shiyu , Liang Qiao , Chen Baofu , Zhang Bin , Wan Yueming , Ye Minhua , Pan Yanqing , Wen Yanting , Yi long , Gao Qian 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundBirt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome (BHDS) characterised by skin fibrofolliculomas, kidney tumour and pulmonary cysts/pneumothorax is caused by folliculin (FLCN) germline mutations. The pathology of both neoplasia and focused tissue loss of BHDS strongly features tissue-specific behaviour of the gene. Isolated cysts/pneumothorax is the most frequent atypical presentation of BHDS and often misdiagnosed as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). Deferential diagnosis of BHDS with isolated pulmonary presentation (PSP-BHD) from PSP is essential in lifelong surveillance for developing renal cell carcinoma.MethodsThe expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cystic lesions of PSP-BHD and PSP were determined via microarray. The selected upregulated miRNAs were further confirmed in the plasma of an expanded cohort of PSP-BHD patients by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Their diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. Moreover, the cellular functions and targeted signalling pathways of FLCN-regulated miRNAs were assessed in various cell lines and in the lesion tissue contexts.ResultsCystic lesions of PSP-BHD and PSP showed different miRNAs profiles with a significant upregulation of miR-424–5p and let-7d-5p in PSP-BHD. The combination of the two effectively predicted BHDS patients. In vitro studies revealed a suppressive effect of FLCN on miR-424–5p and let-7d-5p expressions specifically in lung epithelial cells. The ectopic miRNAs triggered epithelial apoptosis and epithelial transition of mesenchymal cells and suppressed the reparative responses in cells and tissues with FLCN deficiency.ConclusionThe upregulation of miR-424–5p and let-7d-5p by FLCN deficiency occurred in epithelial cells and marked the PSP-BHD condition, which contributed to a focused degenerative pathology in the lung of PSP-BHD patients.
Uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics with Newton’s gravity
Authors: Kuzmichev V. E. , Kuzmichev V. V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new derivation is given of the known generalized position–momentum uncertainty relation, which takes into account gravity. The problem of two massive particles, the relative motion of which is described by the Schrödinger equation, is considered. The potential energy is defined as a sum of ‘standard’ non-gravitational term and the second one, which corresponds to gravitational attraction of particles as in Newton’s theory of gravity. The Green’s function method is applied to solve the Schrödinger equation. It is assumed that the solution of the problem in the case, when the gravitational interaction is turned off, is known. Gravity is taken into account in linear approximation with respect to the gravitational coupling constant made dimensionless. Dimensional coefficients at additional squares of mean-square deviations of position and momentum are written explicitly. The minimum length, determined as minimal admissible distance between two quantum particles, and the minimum momentum appear to be depending on the energy of particles’ relative motion. The theory allows one to present the generalized position–momentum uncertainty relation in a new compact form.
A distributed heat pulse sensor network for thermo-hydraulic monitoring of the soil subsurface
Authors: Abesser Corinna , Ciocca Francesco , Findlay John , Hannah David , Blaen Philip , Chalari Athena , Mondanos Michael , Krause Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Fibre optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used increasingly for environmental monitoring and subsurface characterization. Combined with heating of metal elements embedded within the fibre optic cable, the temperature response of the soil provides valuable information from which soil parameters such as thermal conductivity and soil moisture can be derived at high spatial and temporal resolution, and over long distances.
We present a novel active distributed temperature sensing (A-DTS) system and its application to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics in soil thermal conductivity along a recently forested hillslope in Central England, UK. Compared with conventional techniques (needle probe surveys), A-DTS provided values with a similar spread although lower on average. The larger number of measurement points that A-DTS provides at higher spatial and temporal resolutions and the ability to repeat surveys under different meteorological or hydrological conditions allow for a more detailed examination of the spatial and temporal variability of thermal conductivities at the study site. Although system deployment time and costs are higher than with needle probes, A-DTS can be extremely appealing for applications requiring long-term monitoring, at high temporal repeatability, over long (kilometres) distances and with minimum soil disturbance, compared with one-off spatial surveys.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Measurement and monitoring collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/measurement-and-monitoring
Kinetics of Nuclear Uptake and Site-Specific DNA Cleavage during CRISPR-Directed Gene Editing in Solid Tumor Cells
Authors: Banas Kelly , Rivera-Torres Natalia , Bialk Pawel , Yoo Byung-Chun , Kmiec Eric B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–directed gene editing is approaching clinical implementation in cancer. Thus, it is imperative to define the molecular framework upon which safe and efficacious therapeutic strategies can be built. Two important reaction parameters include the biological time frame within which the CRISPR/Cas complex enters the nucleus and executes gene editing, and the method of discrimination that the CRISPR/Cas complex utilizes to target tumor cell, but not normal cell, genomes. We are developing CRISPR-directed gene editing for the treatment of non–small cell lung carcinoma focusing on disabling Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-Like (NRF2), a transcription factor that regulates chemoresistance and whose genetic disruption would enhance chemosensitivity. In this report, we define the time frame of cellular events that surround the initialization of CRISPR-directed gene editing as a function of the nuclear penetration and the execution of NRF2 gene disruption. We also identify a unique protospacer adjacent motif that facilitates site-specific cleavage of the NRF2 gene present only in tumor genomes.

Implications:
Our results begin to set a scientifically meritorious foundation for the exploitation of CRISPR-directed gene editing as an augmentative therapy for lung cancer and other solid tumors.

Visual Overview:
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/6/891/F1.large.jpg.