bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates on the Pharmacology of Chloroquine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective on its Use in the General and Geriatric Population
Authors: Yao Xueting , Hou Zhe , Cui Cheng , Zhang Miao , Tu Siqi , Li Haiyan , Liu Dongyang 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Chloroquine has been used to treat malaria for more than 70 years. Its safety profile and
cost-effectiveness are well-documented. Scientists have found that chloroquine has in vitro activity against novel
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, chloroquine has been adopted in the Protocol for Managing Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Version 7) issued by the China National Health Commission for clinically managing
COVID-19.

Objective:
This review will focus on the antiviral mechanism, effectiveness and safety, dosage and DDIs of
chloroquine, for the purpose of providing evidence-based support for rational use of chloroquine in the treatment of
COVID-19.

Methods:
Use the search terms "chloroquine" linked with "effectiveness", "safety", "mechanism", "drug-drug
interaction (DDIs)" or other terms respectively to search relevant literature through PubMed.

Results:
After searching, we found literature about antivirus mechanism, dosage, DDIs of chloroquine. However,
studies on the effectiveness and safety of chloroquine treatment for COVID-19 for the general and geriatric patients
are not enough.

Conclusion:
According to literature reports, chloroquine has been proven to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect in vitro
and the potential mechanism of chloroquine in vivo. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and DDIs study are helpful in
guiding rational drug use in general and geriatric patients. Although there have been reports of successful clinical
application of chloroquine in the treatment COVID-19, more clinical test data are still needed to prove its
effectiveness and safety.
Efficacy of An Aqueous Morinda citrifolia Fruit Extract-Phytosome Gel in Treating Oral Inflammatory Ulcer in Rabbit Model
Authors: Kongpuckdee Sonsawan , Ungphaiboon Suwipa , Sungkharak Supreedee , Phadoongsombut Narubodee , Mahattanadul Sirima 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Oral inflammatory ulcers are one of the common complaints of patients attending
out-patient clinics. Previous in vivo studies had shown that an Aqueous M. citrifolia Fruit Extract
(AMFE) possessed anti-inflammatory and ulcer healing activities. Therefore, a standardized topical
bioadhesive gel containing AMFE-phytosome was developed and determined for its oral ulcer
healing efficacy in a rabbit model.

Methods:
The AMFE phytosome (AMFE-P) was prepared by a complexation method with the required
amount of AMFE: Phosphatidylcholine: Tween 80 to weigh ratio of 2:1:0.2. Poloxamer 407
was used as a gelling agent. The oral ulcer was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by topical
application of acetic acid. Each test compound was applied to the ulcer for 10 days beginning on the
second day after the ulcer induction. Complete ulcer healing on the specimen obtained on day 12 was
observed histologically using the histological scoring protocol.

Results:
The optimized gel containing AMFE-P equivalent to AMFE 10%w/w (10%AMFE-P gel)
showed the best bioadhesive gel quality, a smooth and homogeneous texture with an optimum viscosity
and pH range used in human oral cavity, a good physical and chemical stability and the highest percentage
cumulative release of total phenolic and scopoletin content. It was found that a daily application of
10% AMFE-P gel exerted a superior ulcer healing efficacy and a significantly rapid ulcer healing process
than a twice daily application of topical gel containing AMFE 10%w/w or chlorhexidine 0.2%.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrated that 10% AMFE-P gel has potential as a safe and effective
alternative therapeutic agent for oral ulcers.
Dietary Quercetin Alleviated DSS-induced Colitis in Mice Through Several Possible Pathways by Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Dong Yuanyang , Lei Jiaqi , Zhang Bingkun 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is rapidly increasing around
the world. Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in vegetables and fruits and has been reported to
exert numerous pharmacological activities such as enhancing antioxidant capacity or suppressing inflammation.

Objective:
We aimed to explore whether quercetin was effective for IBD and the underlying mechanism
of quercetin for the ameliorative effects on the DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Methods:
Thirty-six mice were randomly assigned to three treatments, including the control group
(Ctr), DSS-induced colitis group (DSS) and DSS-induced colitis supplemented with 500 ppm quercetin
(DQ500). Colitis was induced by DSS intake, and body weight was recorded every day. After six days
administration of DSS, intestinal permeability was measured, and the liver was taken for antioxidant enzyme
tests. Colonic tissue was taken for the histopathlogical score and RNA-sequencing analysis.

Results:
In this experiment, dietary quercetin for 500ppm alleviated the DSS-induced colitis, possibly
by strengthening intestinal integrity, liver antioxidant capacity. Based on the results of the transcriptome
of colon tissue, several key genes were modulated by quercetin. ERK1/2-FKBP pathway and
RXR-STAT3 pathway were involved in the development of IBD, furthermore, in the down-regulation
of S100a8/9, FBN2 contributed to lowering the risk of colongenesis.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that dietary quercetin alleviated the DSS-induced colitis in mice. This is
most likely due to its beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and modulation of several key pathways.
Based on our research, quercetin was a promising candidate for IBD and its pharmaceutical effects on
both IBD and colongenesis need further research.
Withdrawal Notice: A Panoramic View on the Phytochemical, Nutritional and Therapeutic value of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Prakash Om , Usmani Shazia , Singh Ruchi , Singh Namrata , Gupta Amresh 
Published: July 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Mini-Reviews in Medicinal
Chemistry:;

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Vilsmeier-Haack Cyclisation as A Facile Synthetic Route to Thieno [2,3- b] quinolines (Part I)
Authors: Abu-Hashem Ameen A. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M. , Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: July 2020

:
This review describes the utilizing of Vilsmeier-Haack reagent as a key intermediate for the synthesis of
thieno[2,3-b]quinolines.
Photocatalytic Bacteria Inactivation by TiO2-Ag based Photocatalysts and the Effect on Antibiotic Resistance Profile
Authors: Ozkal Can B. , Meric Süreyya 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In the last decade, research in the field of contaminants of emerging concern
proliferated while special interest was focused on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance
genes as widespread pollutants. Advanced oxidation processes have gained an essential attraction in
the field of antibiotics degradation and bacteria inactivation

Methods:
Photocatalysts in the form of sol-gel based TiO2-Ag-xerogel and green synthesized
nanocomposites TiO2-Ag compared with regard to their bacteria inactivation performances and effect
on antibiotic resistance behaviour of target strain. Experiments were carried out at parallel plate
reactor configuration under UV-A irradiation with an energy equivalent of solar conditions. PEG 600
and Cydonia oblanga seed extract were used as chemical and bio-chemical reducing-stabilizing
agents respectively for the synthesis of TiO2-Ag nano-composite.

Results:
Photocatalyst type/size based alterations in antibiotic resistance profile of intact and post
treatment bacteria cells were examined. Besides the improvement in bacteria inactivation kinetics,
photocatalytic disinfection with Ag doped xerogels and TiO2-Ag nanocomposites have triggered
alterations on E.coli DSM-498 resistance to tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Conclusıon:
Cydonia oblanga seed extract is proved to be a promising green substitute for the TiO2-
Ag chemical synthesis procedure. Considering the aspects of the economic and environmental impact
of nano-composite photocatalyst synthesis, cost reduction is achievable both in the sense of
production and disposal. The complexity of water matrix must be considered in a way to determine
the wide range applicability of the green synthesis of a nano-composite at the pilot scale.
Metallic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: An Overview
Authors: Kushwaha Poonam 
Published: July 2020

Backgroun:Metallic impurities are the traces of metals that can be found in finished drug products.

Description:These metallic impurities in pharmaceutical preparations can enter from formulation ingredients,
catalysts, and process equipment, containers and closures. They are not completely removed
from the product by practical manufacturing techniques and should be evaluated relative to safetybased
limits. They can affect drug efficacy or produce direct toxic effect on the patient.

Methods:In this paper, an attempt has been made to review these metallic impurities including potential
sources and analytical procedures to quantify these impurities. ICH guideline on these impurities
and measures to control impurities has also been discussed in the paper.

Results:The implementation of ICH Q3D guideline with the quality risk assessment approach is an
important milestone to harmonize control of elements worldwide.

Conclusion:This approach allows manufacturers to provide vital information about the contribution of
impurities in the drug product.
Extracting Gradual Rules to Reveal Regulation Between Genes
Authors: Gouider Manel , Hamdi Ines , Ghezala Henda Ben 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Gene regulation represents a very complex mechanism in the cell initiated
to increase or decrease gene expression. This regulation of genes forms a Gene regulatory Network
GRN composed of a collection of genes and products of genes in interaction. The high throughput
technologies that generate a huge volume of gene expression data are useful for analyzing the
GRN. The biologists are interested in the relevant genetic knowledge hidden in these data sources.
Although, the knowledge extracted by the different data mining approaches of the literature is
insufficient for inferring the GRN topology or does not give a good representation of the real
genetic regulation in the cell.

Objective:
In this work, we are interested in the extraction of genetic interactions from the high throughput
technologies, such as the microarrays or DNA chips.

Methods:
In this paper, in order to extract expressive and explicit knowledge about the interactions
between genes, we used the method of gradual patterns and rules extraction applied on numerical
data that extracts the frequent co-variations between gene expression values. Furthermore, we
choose to integrate experimental biological data and biological knowledge in the process of
knowledge extraction of genetic interactions.

Results:
The validation results on real gene expression data of the model plant Arabidopsis and human lung
cancer shows the performance of this approach.

Conclusion:
The extracted gradual rules express the genetic interactions composed of a GRN.
These rules help to understand complex systems and cellular functions.
Exploring miRNA Sponge Networks of Breast Cancer by Combining miRNA-disease-lncRNA and miRNA-target Networks
Authors: Tian Lei , Wang Shu-Lin 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Recently, ample researches show that microRNAs (miRNAs) not only
interact with coding genes but interact with a pool of different RNAs. Those RNAs are called
miRNA sponges, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNA, pseudogenes and
various messenger RNAs. Understanding regulatory networks of miRNA sponges can better help
researchers to study the mechanisms of breast cancers.

Objective:
We develop a new method to explore miRNA sponge networks of breast cancer by combining miRNAdisease-lncRNA and miRNA-target networks (MSNMDL).

Method:
Firstly, MSNMDL infers miRNA-lncRNA functional similarity networks from miRNAdisease-
lncRNA networks. Secondly, MSNMDL forms lncRNA-target networks by using lncRNA
to replace the role of matched miRNA in miRNA-target networks according to the lncRNA-miRNA
pair of miRNA-lncRNA functional similarity networks. And MSNMDL only retains the genes of
breast cancer in lncRNA-target networks to construct candidate miRNA sponge networks. Thirdly,
MSNMDL merges these candidate miRNA sponge networks with other miRNA sponge interactions
and then selects top-hub lncRNA and its interactions to construct miRNA sponge networks.

Results:
MSNMDL is superior to other methods in terms of biological significance and its identified modules might
act as module signatures for prognostication of breast cancer.

Conclusion:
MiRNA sponge networks identified by MSNMDL are biologically significant and are
closely associated with breast cancer, which makes MSNMDL a promising way for researchers to
study the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Antitubercular Potential of Novel Isoxazole Encompassed 1, 2, 4- Triazoles: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study and Evaluation of Antitubercular Activity
Authors: Ganesh Neenu , S Arun Kumar , Singh Manisha , Chandrashekar Venkaraddi Mangannavar , Pujar Gurubasavaraj Veeranna 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose epimerase (DprE1), a flavoprotein enzyme
engaged in the biosynthesis of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-arabinofuranose (DPA), is the only
contributor of arabinose residues which is fundamental for the mycobacterium cell wall constituents.
DprE1 is an interesting target for antitubercular agent and has been exploring to develop potential
chemical entities as antitubercular agents.

Objective:
The objective of the study is the development of novel antitubercular agents targeting
Mtb Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose epimerase (DprE1).

Methods:
A series of isoxazole encompassed 1, 2, 4-triazoles were designed based on the antitubercular
potential of triazoles and structural features of DprE1 inhibitors. Designed 1, 2, 4-
triazoles were synthesized and characterized by spectral studies. The in vitro anti-TB activity of the
compounds was screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by Microplate Almar
Blue Assay and in vitro cytotoxicity against normal cell lines by MTT assay. Molecular docking
study was carried out on DprE1 enzyme to understand designed compounds interactions with amino
acid residues at the active site.

Results:
Antitubercular activity data revealed that eight compounds (6d, 6e,7d, 7e, 10d, 10e, 11d
and 11e) have shown promising antitubercular activity with minimum inhibitory concentration at
1.6μg/mL. Cytotoxicity data of anti-TB active compounds demonstrate good safety profile on
normal cell lines.

Conclusion:
Eight compounds have shown promising antitubercular activity with good safety profile
on normal cell lines. Molecular docking study revealed that the synthesized compounds have
shown non-covalent interactions with amino acid residues of DprE1 enzyme.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nanosponges Loaded Bifonazole for Fungal Infection
Authors: Krishna Amaravathi V.M. , Gowda Venkatesh D.P. , Karki Roopa 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Nanosponge is a novel approach to topical drug delivery, especially for
fungal infections. Nanosponges are a unique class of nanoparticles with three-dimensional
nanostructure and nanometers wide cavities, which can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic
substances providing increased efficacy and safety.

Objective:
To formulate and evaluate Bifonazole loaded nanosponges in hydrogels for the treatment
of fungal diseases.

Methods:
Bifonazole-loaded nanosponges were formulated using the emulsion solvent diffusion
technique. Interaction of drug-ethyl cellulose polymer along with other excipients’ was done by using
FTIR as well as DSC. The nanosponges formulations were evaluated with different parameters.

Results:
Particle size and Zeta potential of Bifonazole loaded nanosponges for formulations were
between the range of 183.7 to 560.2 nm and –17.77 to –21.9 mV, respectively. The surface morphology
of nanosponges by SEM disclosed that it was spherical and porous in nature. Drug entrapment
efficiency was found to be 45.44 to 79.71%. The drug release study was done by using a
phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.8. Further in vitro release data was fitted into kinetic models. The
optimized formulation M6 was incorporated with hydrogels; to further evaluated using parameters
such as in vitro drug release studies, viscosity, pH and skin irritation studies using rat model. Stability
studies of hydrogel formulation MH2 revealed no changes in in-vitro drug release, pH and drug
content study at the completion of 6 months.

Conclusion:
Thus, the findings indicated that the prepared Bifonazole loaded nanosponges into hydrogel
were stable. Hence, it could be a suitable dosage form for the cure of fungal infections in the skin.
The in Vivo Effects of Cassia Abbreviata Oliv., on Sperm Parameters And Testicular Histology of The Male Wistar Rat
Authors: Msiska Thomson , Mwakikunga Anthony , Tembo David , Musopole Alinune , Lampiao Fanuel 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
A lot of unsubstantiated claims have been made regarding the ability of
Cassia abbreviata Oliv. to promote male reproductive function. The study was aimed at evaluating
the effects of aqueous and 50% (v/v) methanol stem bark extracts of Cassia abbreviata Oliv. on
hormonal levels, sperm parameters, testicular histo-architecture, mean body and right testis weights
of the male Wistar rat.

Methodology:
Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group A, control rats received pure tap
water; group B received aqueous extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight; group C received aqueous extracts at 400 mg/kg
body weight; group D received 50% (v/v) methanol extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight and group E received 50% (v/v)
methanol extract at 400 mg/kg body weight. After 8 weeks, reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters, hormonal levels and histological structure of the right testis were evaluated.

Results:
Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased
(p<0.05) whereas prolactin levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control. Total sperm motility, sperm concentration and the percentage of progressively motile cells increased significantly (p<0.05)
compared to the control. All the treated animals showed an increase in seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial height with the testes showing all the stages of spermatogenesis. Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the
presence of of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and alkaloids.

Conclusion:
Cassia abbreviata Oliv. increased sperm parameters, reproductive hormones and mean body weight of the
male Wistar rat. This study supports the folklore claims that Cassia. abbreviata Oliv.modulates male reproductive function.
Development of improved models for pile load bearing capacity, settlement and reliability analysis
Authors: Utkin Vladimir S. , Solovyev Sergey A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Safety of operation and durability of pile foundations and structures as a whole depend on the values of load bearing capacity of piles and reliability in the foundation soils. The key problem of pile analysis consists in reliable determination of its load bearing capacity values according to all performance criteria of the first and second groups of limit states, in revealing of reliable values of reliability (operation safety), economic efficiency and profitability.
Materials and methods. One of the difficulties in detecting the value of the load bearing capacity of friction piles is to determine the values of friction and cohesive forces and their distribution over the side surface of the pile in the foundation soil when the loaded pile is immobilized (at rest).
Results. Absence of reliable information on actual friction and cohesive force and, consequently, on actual load bearing capacity of a pile in the conditions of immobility does not allow to estimate its quality taking into account assurance of trouble-free operation (reliability) in real operating conditions at the pre-set operating load, it is impossible to predict the durability of a pile, to make a reasonable choice of pile shape and dimensions, etc. Another pile analysis problem is determining the value of pile settlement. The value of pile settlement is in some cases the most important indicator of the facility performance.
Conclusions. New approaches to the operation of piles in the foundation soil on the basis of modern methods of reliability calculations with limited statistical information about controlled parameters are proposed. Improvement and development of pile calculation methods can be found in the calculation of deep trencher foundations, in the calculation of open caissons and caissons, the development of new statutory documents on pile foundations; as well as during training process of various universities and as a source for advanced training of specialists.