bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane fusion and infection abilities of baculovirus virions are preserved during freezing and thawing in the presence of trehalose
Authors: Nakanishi Kohei , Tomita Masahiro , Tsumoto Kanta 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Budded viruses (BVs) of baculovirus such as Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) have recently been studied as biological nanomaterials, and methods for their longer-term storage without deterioration would be desirable. The cryopreservation of virions with a naturally occurring saccharide like trehalose as a cryoprotectant is known to be useful for maintaining the viral structure and function. In this study, we examined how useful trehalose is as protectant for BV cryopreservation during repeated freeze-thaw cycles: 1) membrane fusion between liposomes (multilamellar vesicles, MLVs) and BVs, 2) infection of insect culture cells (Sf9 cells) by RFP-expressing BVs, and 3) morphologies of these BVs were investigated by fluorescent dequenching assay, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results suggest that the BVs deteriorate in quality with each freeze-thaw cycle, and this deterioration can be diminished with the use of trehalose to an extent similar to that seen with storage on ice.
The IYPT and the ‘Ring Oiler’ problem
Authors: Plesch Martin , Plesník Samuel , Ružičková Natália 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The International Young Physicists’ Tournament (IYPT) continued in 2018 in Beijing, China and 2019 in Warsaw, Poland with its 31st and 32nd editions. The IYPT is a modern scientific competition for teams of high school students, also known as the Physics World Cup. It involves long-term theoretical and experimental work focused on solving 17 publicly announced open-ended problems in teams of five. On top of that, teams have to present their solutions in front of other teams and a scientific jury, and get opposed and reviewed by their peers. Here we present a brief information about the competition with a specific focus on one of the IYPT 2018 tasks, the ‘Ring Oiler’. This seemingly simple mechanical problem appeared to be of such a complexity that even the dozens of participating teams and jurying scientists were not able to solve all of its subtleties.
Identification of Subsurface Lithology in Sendang Mulyo, Purwoharjo Village, Samigaluh Subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Katriani L. , Darmawan D. , Ruwanto B. , Lutfiana H. , Prameswari H H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Research aimed to determining the lithological conditions subsurface of landslide areas in Sendang Mulyo, Purwoharjo Village, Samigaluh Subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency by geoelectric and microseismic methods. The research had been conducted after knowing the subsurface lithology conditions, it could anticipate landslides as disaster mitigation. The location of research is on a hillside in Purwoharjo Village. The research located on that area because the history landslides. The area is the longest landslide and had a major impact on the villagers that located below the hill. The research used a set of resistivity geoelectric devices with Syscal brands and microseismic devices Digital Portable Seismograph brands TDL-3035 type Taide brands. In geoelectric method used 5 lines, 2 lines 150 m from north to south, 2 lines 120 m and 1 line 100 m from east to west, while the microseismic method used 30 points with spaces of 10-100 meters. The results of the geoelectric method are obtained lithology of clay material with resistivity of 0.16 - 160 Ω.m, sand material with resistivity 160 - 1093 Ω.m, sandstone material with resistivity 1093 - 8000 Ω.m, and a andesite material with resistivity of 8000 - 122165 Ω.m, while the results of the microseismic method obtained clay rock material having a value of Vs
between 406.33 m/s and 742.52 m/s represented by the dark blue spectrum. In the middle landslide has a depth of clay material up to 33 meters. The results showed that subsurface lithology in the area is prone to landslides, because it is suspected that there is a sliding field at a depth of 33 meters. This is supported by the presence of andesite rocks which spread at a depth of 20 meters and above the andesite material, there is clay material that quite thick.
Synthesis and characterization of thymol-loaded lauryl glycol chitosan for pesticide formulation
Authors: Yusoff S N M , Kamari A , Ishak S , Jumadi J , Abdulrasool M M , Kumaran S , Wong S T S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thymol is a hydrophobic active ingredient and widely used as an alternative pesticide for pest control. However, due its low solubility in water, a water-soluble carrier is required in its formulation. Therefore in this study, the potential of an amphiphilic chitosan, namely lauryl glycol chitosan (LGC) as a carrier to encapsulate and release thymol was evaluated. The physical and chemical properties of LGC were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectrometer, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). A Fluorescence Spectrometer was used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of LGC in aqueous solution. The encapsulation efficiency of LGC for thymol was determined by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the structure of the synthesized LGC. It was noted that the addition of lauryl and glycol groups to the chitosan backbone has enhanced the solubility properties of chitosan in neutral and basic media. TEM observation confirmed that LGC could form self-aggregates in the solution with a spherical shape. The CMC value determined for LGC was 0.008 mg/mL. LGC exhibited good affinity towards thymol with an encapsulation efficiency of 58%. The findings from in vitro release study showed that the LGC could prolong the release of thymol from its micelles. Results from this study highlight that LGC possesses great characteristics to be further developed as a promising carrier in the pesticide formulation.
The Potential of Chitosan-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Methyl Orange and Rhodamine B Removal
Authors: Abdulrasool M M , Kamari A , Kumaran S , Ishak S , Yusoff S N M , Jumadi J , Wong S T S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The overall objective of present work was to prepare and use chitosan-titanium dioxide (CS-TiO2) nanocomposite as an adsorbent to remove two toxic dyes, namely Methyl Orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB) from the aqueous solution. This work consists of two main parts, namely adsorption and characterization studies. For adsorption studies, several experimental parameters were studied such as the effect of initial concentration, solution pH and adsorbent dosage. Meanwile, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) were used for characterization studies. The outcomes have shown that the equilibrium data correlated well to Freundlich isotherm model with adsorption capacity at equilibrium (K
F) was determined as 1.608 mg/g for MO and 7.646 mg/g for RhB, respectively. Based on SEM analysis, the rod- and needle-like deposits on the surface of CS-TiO2 nanocomposite were disappeared following interaction with MO and RhB. There were cube-like deposits observed on the surface of CS-TiO2 nanocomposite after adsorption of MO, while a dense and uneven surface texture were observed after adsorption of RhB. From TGA analysis, CS had two degradation stages, while CS-TiO2 nanocomposite had three steps of decomposition. Furthermore, XRD results observed diffraction peaks for CSTiO2 at 2θ = 34.075°, 29.235°, 25.47° and 20.26°.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Mechanism of Novel Ca-ZSM-5 Zeolite Nanocomposite from Eggshell using Simple Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Kumaran S , Kamari A , Abdulrasool M M , Wong S T S , Jumadi J , Yusoff S N M , Ishak S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, Ca-ZSM-5 zeolite nanocomposite was synthesised as controlled-released fertiliser due to the excess of nutrients leaching in the soil which has caused serious environmental problem such as eutrophication. The zeolite nanocomposite was first synthesised using a simple co-precipitation template method. The zeolite nanocomposite was then impregnated with calcium, originated from chicken eggshell powder, at a molar ratio of 1:1. The physical and chemical properties of Ca-ZSM-5 zeolite nanocomposite were characterised using several analytical instruments such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectrometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Based on SEM analysis, the porosity of mesoporous H-ZSM-5 nanozeolite was in the range of 31.7 to 190 nm. Meanwhile, the porosity of macroporous eggshell was 71.4 to 230 nm and mesoporous H-ZSM-5 nanozeolite material was impregnated into the macroporous eggshell due to porosity of eggshell was larger than porosity of H-ZSM-5 nanozeolite. Ca-ZSM-5 zeolite nanocomposite with porosity of 71.4-198 nm was successfully synthesised by simple co-precipitation method. While the results obtained from FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of tetrahedral (TOx, x = Si or Al) stretching. Overall, the synthesised Ca-ZSM-5 zeolite nanocomposite possess key characteristic as a precursor for various applications.
Science generic skills of ‘chemistry’? prospective teachers: A study on collaborative learning using Exe-media
Authors: Harefa N , Suyanti R D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Collaborative learning is a learning model that guides students to gather ideas and data to solve common problems. In this study, collaborative learning was integrated with Exe-media on reaction rate and salt hydrolysis to improve prospective teacher generic science skills. Specifically, this study aims to investigate Exe-media effectiveness to improve prospective teacher generic science skill. This study employed methods of a quasi experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The subject of this research are prospective teachers of class Kim’B as experiment class and Kim’C as control class of Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan. Experiment class received treatment in form of learning used collaborative learning using Exe-media. Control class received treatment in form of learning used conventional model using power point as media. Data was collected through pretest and posttest results from prospective teacher in both classes. A t-test was used and it is found that level of significance is 0.002 (sig. < 0.05) proving that collaborative learning using Exe-media is effective to improve prospective teachers’ generic science skill.
Detection Staphylococcus aureus Producing Enterotoxin A on the Skewers Meatballs Product in Yogyakarta City Indonesia
Authors: Budiarso T Y , Prihatmo G , Restiani R , Pakpahan S , Sari L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Meatballs are snacks that are sold by street vendors in the school area and some public places in Yogyakarta city. Based on the materials used and the traditional producing process, it is possible that the hearty snacks can be contaminated by enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus bacteria. This study aims to detect the presence of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus on skewers meatballs. Skewed meatball samples were taken from ten different locations in Yogyakarta city. The samples were grown on the Staphylococcus sp test standard medium, Baird Parker Agar (BPA). The colony candidates were then selected into Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), carbohydrate fermentation medium, gram staining and then confirmed using the API Staph. Molecular characterization by detecting nuc genes and sea genes as encode enterotoxin A producers. The result of this research showed that the total bacteria ranged from 1.7x104 - 2.0x109 CFU/g. Identification results using API Staph were found as S. aureus, S. cohni, S. xylosus, S. lentus, S. warneri, and S. sciuri while nuc and sea genes were only found in S. aureus.
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning in Biology with Fishbone Diagram on Critical Thinking Skill of Senior High School Students
Authors: A Priyadi A. , Suyanto S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research aims at investigating the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning with Fishbone Diagram on the students’ critical thinking skill in the Biology learning. This research adopted a quasi-experimental design notably pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Population of this research included 73 students of grade X of the State Senior High School 1 of Pundong. The population was taken by using target population, and 49 students were determined as the sample by using random sampling technique. This research adopted critical thinking tests that were administered before and after the learning process took place. The instrument to measure critical thinking skill was a test consisting of 11 items. The instrument was initially validated the expert lecturer (expert judgment) to obtain its content validity and construct validity. Subsequently, empirical validity and instrument reliability were done by using Alpha Cronbach. The data of critical thinking skill were analyzed by using independent sample t-test at the significance level of (α) = 0.05. The result showed the significance value of 0.00<0.05. This study suggests that PBL with FD was effective in developing the students’ critical thinking skill.
The TPACK Analysis of High School Biology Teachers in Sragen Regency, Central Java Based on Teacher Certification Status
Authors: Pradana S. P. , Paidi  , Subali B. , Antony M. K. , Hapsari N. , Astuti F. E. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) is the combination of knowledge about PK, CK and TK. The purposes of this study were to find out how the TPACK of high school biology teachers in Sragen Regency and to find out whether there were differences in the TPACK between certified biology teachers and those who were not certified. The type of this research was descriptive research with survey methods. The population in this study was a hypothetical population (the forecast of the population, what the population is expected to be) and the sample representing the population was taken using convenience sampling techniques which included 17 biology teachers spread across 13 high schools in Sragen Regency. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results showed that the knowledge of PCK is very good (85.0%), TCK is poor (47.6%), TPK is fair (64.2%), and TPACK teachers were in a fairly poor category (51.3%). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the TPACK of certified biology teachers and non-certified biology teachers with a significance value greater than 0.05.
Combination of CPS and SAVI on Biology Learning Media to Improve Student’s Understanding and Creativity on Environmental Change Topic
Authors: Sagita S. G. N. , Aminatun T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of biology learning media with a combination of CPS and SAVI to improve students’ understanding and creativity. This research was conducted on students of grade X MIPA program in SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo, the subject was selected using Purposive Sampling method. The research method used is Research and Development (R & D) by Dick and Carey’s ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model research. The instruments used were expert judgment feasibility questionnaires, multiple choice questions and student worksheets. Data of the feasibility was analyzed by using percentage. The results indicated that Biology Learning Media with a combination of CPS and SAVI is effective to use shown on (1) expert’s validity percentage which above 75 means that learning media is feasible to use, (2) user response on usability showed that the percentage is 89, 02 means that the learning media is feasible to use, (3) effectiveness of media showed that the N-Gain result is 0, 52 which included on middle category of improving students’ ability, and the results of the student worksheet assessment is 84, 16 which categorized high on students’.
Dual Channel Supply Chain Model with Delivery Lead Time on The Imperfect Production Process by Notice Into Carbon Emission Capacity Regulation
Authors: Yanuarsih A R , Setiyowati R , Pangadi  , Sutanto  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The development of the internet, adds flexibility of supply chain with an online channel for the product distribution. In this research, the dual channel supply chain model is used on the imperfect production process by notice into carbon capacity regulation and also delivery lead time. We construct the model to maximize the system profit of one manufacturer and one retailer by considering a carbon emissions capacity constrain from the government. Furthermore, we determine the optimal solution with Karush Kuhn Tucker condition. Based on sensitivity analysis maximal profit is obtained when probability of defective product, delivery lead time sensitivity, and carbon emissions are minimal.
Modeling and hypothesis testing for the factors affecting infant’s diarrhea using Generalized Poisson Regression
Authors: Otok B W , Allo C B G , Purhadi  
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfants are weak individuals. Number of infants with Diarrhea is count data. Count data can be modeled using Poisson Regression. Poisson Regression has assumption that must be met. In the real case, overdispersion or underdispersion often occurs in data. This condition causes Poisson Regression cannot be used to model the data. Another alternative used to model the data with violation of assumption in Poisson Regression is Generalized Poisson Regression. This article will estimate the parameters of Generalized Poisson Regression using Generalized Poisson Regression. After getting the estimate parameters, parameters hypothesis testing simultaneously is done using Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test. There are three independent variables. They are percentage of infants who get exclusive breastfeeding, percentage of infants who get complete basic immunization, and percentage of households who have healthy living behavior. Significant parameter used to build the model. So, model for the factors affecting Diarrhea in infants in Pasuruan Regency is a model consisting complete basic immunization and healthy living behavior in the model.
Smoothing parameter selection method for multiresponse nonparametric regression model using smoothing spline and Kernel estimators approaches
Authors: Lestari B , Fatmawati  , Budiantara I N , Chamidah N 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe principle problem in multiresponse nonparametric regression model is how we estimate the regression functions which draw association between some dependent (response) variables and some independent (predictor) variables where there are correlations between responses. There are many techniques used to estimate the regression function. Two of them are spline and kernel smoothing techniques. Speaking about smoothing techniques, not only in uniresponse spline and kernel nonparametric regression models but also in multiresponse spline and kernel nonparametric regression models, the estimations of regression functions depend on smoothing parameters. In the privious researches the covariance matrices were assumed to be known. Matrix of covariance is not assumed known in this research. The goals of this research are selecting of optimal smoothing parameters for the model we consider through spline and kernel smoothing techniques. Optimal smoothing parameters can be obtained by taking the solution to generalized cross validation (GCV) optimization problem. The obtained results of this research are the optimal smoothing parameter for smoothing spline estimator approach and the optimal smoothing parameter namely optimal bandwidth for kernel estimator approach.
The existence of clean elements in a matrix ring over integral domain and its connections with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness
Authors: Ambarsari IF , Irawati S , Sulandra I M , Susanto H , Mui A C Y , Marubayashi H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An element a in a ring R with unity is called clean, if there exist an idempotent element e ∈ R and a unit element u ∈ R such that a = e + u. This article aims to show all of clean elements in a certain subring X
3(R) of a matrix ring 3 × 3 over integral domain R and their connections with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness for some fixed polynomial g(x). To achieve it, we found out unit and idempotent elements in X
3(R) for constructing clean elements and selected some fixed g(x) in the center of R for investigating their relations with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness. In this article, we obtained eight general forms of the clean elements in X
3(R), g(x)-clean elements with g(x) = xn
− x, which five forms of them were strongly g(x)-clean but the other three forms were not. The latter result was shown by providing counter examples.
Evenly brightening using kurtosis Gaussian pattern to simplify image binarization
Authors: Mulyana T. M. S. , Herlina  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A problem of separating object from background using thresholding in image segmentation is uneven image brightness. Some binary image objects vanish because the pixel intensity value on the edge side is greater than the pixel’s background intensity. The others at the edge of image are covered by background pixel. The background pixel at the edge is bigger than the pixel value of the object in the inside of image. A light source type affects the spread of brightness adding thresholding difficulty. The object’s light distribution from the exposed light source follows the Gaussian distribution. A kurtosis value depends on the light source type. Following the kurtosis of standard deviation, the method for creating brightness evenly is designed. The Gaussian pattern is formed from the distribution of Gaussian values in the cells of the Gaussian matrix. The pixel values in the corresponding images will be added to the matrix cells. The pixel value will increase according to the Gaussian matrix pattern. This process results in the highest pixel value not getting added value, while the lowest pixel intensity value will get the greatest value addition.
How to Create Isomorphic Example-Problem Pairs for Facilitating Analogical Thinking
Authors: Pastoriko F M , Retnowati E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Worked-example and problem-solving are often paired and named as the example-problem learning method. This learning method is often recommended by cognitive load theorists, but not much thought has been given to what kind of problems should be used as the example-problem pairs. If there is no clear specification in using the method, as a result, there might be little to no improvement in students’ problem-solving ability. Particularly, the improvement of analogical thinking can be set as the goal of learning. Analogy comes when students can relate to their previous knowledge to solve new problems. In the example-problem learning method, the example can be acquired first and then regarded as the prior knowledge for students to solve the subsequent problem. As analogy is one of the problem-solving strategies, ultimately mastering analogy strategy can improve problem-solving ability. The problem is, analogy does not come naturally, hence a careful consideration about what kind of problems used during instruction is needed. In this paper, we propose the use of isomorphic problems— problems with the same solution procedures—in choosing the example-problem pair. We choose isomorphic problems because it suits example-problems learning and it is focused on improving student’s analogical thinking. We also propose the procedure in using the isomorphic problems.