bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
George Hogarth Pringle and the mystery of the first antiseptic operation in Australia
Authors: Hollands Michael , Macintyre Iain , Richardson Arthur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly lifeGeorge Hogarth Pringle, later an associate of Joseph Lister, was born in Kintail, Scotland in 1830. In 1854, he worked as a dresser at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh with Joseph Lister. After serving in the Crimean War, he settled in New South Wales and began practice in Parramatta.Pringle and antiseptic surgeryIn October 1867, Pringle performed the first operation in Australia using the antiseptic principles advocated 6 months previously in the first of a series of articles published in The Lancet by Joseph Lister. Mystery surrounds how Pringle was able to adopt Lister's principles so quickly. Lister and Pringle had been friends in Edinburgh and previous writers have hypothesized that the two men corresponded whilst another has suggested Pringle was using antiseptic principles prior to Lister's work being published. Both these scenarios are unlikely. The Lancet appears to have been available in Australia within 4 months of publication.ConclusionThe conjunction of an appropriate case and the arrival of a recent copy of The Lancet highlighting Lister's work is the likely source of Pringle's decision to apply antiseptic principles.
Bone health in women with a history of gestational diabetes or obesity
Authors: Engberg Elina , Koivusalo Saila B. , Huvinen Emilia , Viljakainen Heli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. However, bone health of women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) has received little attention. This cross‐sectional study compares bone health between premenopausal women with and without a history of GDM, and examines factors associated with bone health in women with a history of GDM or obesity.Material and methodsWe measured areal bone mineral density for total hip, lumbar spine and whole body, and total body fat percentage (fat%) with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 224 women. In addition, we measured bone characteristics of radius and tibia with peripheral quantitative computed tomography.ResultsWhen compared with women without a history of GDM (mean age 39 years [SD 5], body mass index [BMI] 35 kg/m2 [SD 6], fat% 48 [SD 7]), women with a history of GDM (age 41 years [SD 4], BMI 31 kg/m2 [SD 7], fat% 43 [SD 10]) had lower hip and whole body bone mineral densities, and inferior tibia outcomes. However, the differences in bone characteristics disappeared after controlling for age, height, BMI and fat%. After controlling for age, height, BMI and smoking, physical activity and healthier diet were positively associated with bone outcomes, whereas fat%, HbA1c and screen time were negatively associated with bone outcomes. Particularly, fat% showed independent negative associations with whole body bone mineral density and several tibia and radius characteristics.ConclusionsFat% is associated with adverse bone health, independently of BMI, in women with a history of GDM or obesity. Promoting healthy lifestyle and reducing fat% in high‐risk women could improve bone health and prevent future fractures.
Ductus venosus Doppler waveform pattern in fetuses with early growth restriction
Authors: Fratelli Nicola , Amighetti Serena , Bhide Amar , Fichera Anna , Khalil Asma , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Prefumo Federico , Thilaganathan Basky 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess if maximum velocities of the ductus venosus flow velocity waveform are associated with adverse outcomes in early‐onset fetal growth restriction.Material and methodsRetrospective cohort study from two tertiary referral units, including singleton fetuses with estimated birthweight or fetal abdominal circumference ≤10th centile and absent or reversed end‐diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery delivered between 26+0 and 34+0 weeks of gestation. Pulsatility index for veins, and maximum velocities of S‐, D‐, v‐ and a‐waves, were measured in the ductus venosus within 24 hours of birth. Logistic regression was used to describe the relation between severe neonatal morbidity or neonatal death and clinical independent predictors.ResultsThe study population included 132 early‐onset fetal growth restriction fetuses. Newborns with neonatal morbidity or neonatal death had significantly lower values of v/D maximum velocity ratio multiples of the median (0.86 vs 095; P = 0.006) within 24 hours of birth. The v/D ratio remained a significant predictor of neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity after adjusting for gestational age and birthweight (adjusted odds ratio 0.065, 95% confidence interval 0.004‐0.957).ConclusionsAssessment of ductus venosus v/D maximum velocity ratio might help to identify fetal growth restriction fetuses at increased risk for neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity. Confirmation in prospective studies is necessary.
Bayesian compartmental models and associated reproductive numbers for an infection with multiple transmission modes
Authors: Ozanne Marie V. , Brown Grant D. , Toepp Angela J. , Scorza Breanna M. , Oleson Jacob J. , Wilson Mary E. , Petersen Christine A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a serious neglected tropical disease that is endemic in 98 countries. ZVL is primarily transmitted via a sand fly vector. In the United States, it is enzootic in some canine populations; it is transmitted from infectious mother to pup transplacentally, and vector‐borne transmission is absent. This absence affords a unique opportunity to study (1) vertical transmission dynamics in dogs and (2) the importance of vertical transmission in maintaining an infectious reservoir in the presence of a vector. In this paper, we present Bayesian compartmental models and reproductive number formulations to examine (1) and (2), providing a mechanism to plan and evaluate interventions in regions where both transmission modes are present. First, we propose an individual‐level susceptible, infectious, removed (SIR) model to study the effect of maternal infection status during pregnancy on pup infection progression. We provide evidence that pups born to diagnostically positive mothers during pregnancy are more likely to become diagnostically positive both earlier in life, and at some point during their lifetime, than those born to diagnostically negative mothers. Second, we propose a population‐level SIR model to study the impact of a vertically maintained reservoir on propagating infection in a naive canine population through emergent vector transmission using simulation studies. We also present reproductive numbers to quantify contributions of vertically infected and vector‐infected dogs to maintaining infection in the population. We show that a vertically maintained canine reservoir can propagate infection in a theoretical naive population in the presence of a vector.
A multiobjective integrated multiproject scheduling and multiskilled workforce assignment model considering learning effect under uncertainty
Authors: Hematian Milad , Seyyed Esfahani Mir Mehdi , Mahdavi Iraj , Mahdavi‐Amiri Nezam , Rezaeian Javad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToday, organizations try to decline academically expenses using humans and resources in addition to rising managers and operators' satisfaction. Meantime, a very important step in the process of decision is the assignment of human resources, particularly in connection with research and development (R&D) projects in which the system is highly dependent on the capabilities of human resources. In this study, we tried all the assumptions that come true in the real world, considered a model for applied R&D projects to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of projects. Therefore, an integrated multiproject scheduling and multiskill human resource assignment model under uncertainty has developed for R&D projects. Furthermore, it is assumed that the activity processing time is related to human resources assignment that means the learning effect is considered. To demonstrate the proposed model efficiency, the various dimensions instance problem was solved accurately and efficiently in GAMS software, and the results have been reported. In addition, the proposed model is validated through the input parameter sensitivity analysis. The results indicate a suitable performance of the proposed fuzzy mathematical programming model is due to the complexity of the problem.
Pagetoid reticulosis in a 13‐year old female. A unique immunohistochemical profile
Authors: Torre‐Castro Juan , Carrasco Santos Loreto , Rodríguez‐Pinilla Socorro M. , Requena Luis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPagetoid reticulosis (PR) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with indolent behavior considered a variant of mycosis fungoides. It is characterized by marked epidermotropism of the neoplastic lymphocytes. Since its original description, five cases have been reported in children. We report a new case of PR with an immunohistochemical profile not previously described in children.
Habitat factors associated with Fopius caudatus parasitism and population level of its host, Ceratitis cosyra
Authors: Mama Sambo Sahadatou , Togbé Delano Ronald , Sinzogan Antonio A.C. , Adomou Aristide , Bokonon‐Ganta Hippolyte Aimé , Karlsson Miriam Frida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiotic and abiotic factors affect herbivores and their natural enemies and understanding of their requirements may permit habitat modification enabling conservation biological control. Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae), an African‐native fruit fly pest is mostly parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Fopius caudatus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). To assess F. caudatus habitat, the wasp parasitism levels and infestation of its fruit fly host were examined in Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), a shrub of which the fruits are among the preferred hosts of C. cosyra and F. caudatus. Fruit‐collection site descriptions, including plant species presence, were analysed in relation to the target insect abundances (emergence from target fruit). Ceratitis cosyra and F. caudatus emerged from all sites; nonetheless, their population levels were associated with both abiotic and biotic factors, of which some can be manipulated. Several factors, such as cultivation level, topography, and vegetation coverage, were correlated with F. caudatus parasitism. Ceratitis cosyra infestation level was correlated with factors such as density of S. latifolius, vegetation cover, cultivation practices, temperature, altitude, rainfall pattern, and stoniness. Proximity to other fruit fly host plants correlated with both pest abundance and F. caudatus parasitism level of the fruit fly. The findings that insects’ interactions and abundance are influenced by habitat structure and that parasitism is positively related to natural habitat indicates the importance of maintaining natural habitats in closeness to cultivated areas with the aim of enhancing pest suppression by parasitoids. Further studies should attempt to identify how plant species composition in and around orchards could affect the management of tephritid fruit fly pests.
Prognostic impact of abdominal lymph node involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Abdulla Maysaa , Guglielmo Priscilla , Hollander Peter , Åström Gunnar , Ahlström Håkan , Enblad Gunilla , Amini Rose‐Marie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic value of site of nodal involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is mainly unknown. We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of nodal abdominal involvement in relation to tumour cell markers and clinical characteristics of 249 DLBCL patients in a retrospective single‐centre study.MethodsContrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and thorax revealed pathologically enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in 156 patients, while in 93 patients there were no pathologically enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen. In 81 cases, the diagnosis of DLBCL was verified by histopathological biopsy obtained from abdominal lymph node.ResultsPatients with abdominal nodal disease had inferior lymphoma‐specific survival (P = .04) and presented with higher age‐adjusted IPI (P < .001), lactate dehydrogenase (P < .001) and more often advanced stage (P < .001), bulky disease (P < .001), B symptoms (P < .001), and double expression of MYC and BCL2 (P = .02) compared to patients without nodal abdominal involvement, but less often extranodal involvement (P < .02). The worst outcome was observed in those where the abdominal nodal involvement was verified by histopathological biopsy.ConclusionDiffuse large B‐cell lymphomas patients with abdominal nodal disease had inferior outcome and more aggressive behaviour, reflected both in clinical and biological characteristics.
Detection of two new cryptic species ofKiefferia(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by means of morphological, molecular and ecological studies
Authors: Kim Wanggyu , Minami Tsuneo , Tokuda Makoto , Matsuo Kazunori , Harris Keith M. , Yukawa Junichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMorphological, molecular and ecological studies revealed thatKiefferiaMik, 1985 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is not a monotypic genus. Two new species,Kiefferia ezoensissp. nov.andK. ollasp. nov.from Japan and Korea are added to the known European species,Kiefferia pericarpiicola. The new and known species are distinguishable from each other mainly by the shape of the larval sternal spatula. Molecular data support the results of morphological classification. Species ofKiefferiainduce fruit galls on various plant species of Apiaceae. We found thatK. ezoensisandK. ollautilized exclusivelyAngelica ursinaandOenanthe javanica, respectively. In contrast, we listed 37 apiaceous species belonging to 23 genera as hosts forK. pericarpiicolafrom previously published reports, suggesting the existence of additional undescribed species. Life history patterns of the three species are distinctly different from each other. Mature larvae ofK. ezoensisandK. olladrop to the ground with the fruit gall in October and September, respectively, whereas mature larvae ofK. pericarpiicolaquit the galls and drop to the ground in August. A key to theKiefferiaspecies is provided based on morphological features and information on life history patterns and host ranges.
Unnatural selection of salmon life histories in a modified riverscape
Authors: Sturrock Anna M. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Wikert John D. , Heyne Tim , Nusslé Sébastien , Merz Joseph E. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Johnson Rachel C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAltered river flows and fragmented habitats often simplify riverine communities and favor non‐native fishes, but their influence on life‐history expression and survival is less clear. Here, we quantified the expression and ultimate success of diverse salmon emigration behaviors in an anthropogenically altered California river system. We analyzed two decades of Chinook salmon monitoring data to explore the influence of regulated flows on juvenile emigration phenology, abundance, and recruitment. We then followed seven cohorts into adulthood using otolith (ear stone) chemical archives to identify patterns in time‐ and size‐selective mortality along the migratory corridor. Suppressed winter flow cues were associated with delayed emigration timing, particularly in warm, dry years, which was also when selection against late migrants was the most extreme. Lower, less variable flows were also associated with reduced juvenile and adult production, highlighting the importance of streamflow for cohort success in these southernmost populations. While most juveniles emigrated from the natal stream as fry or smolts, the survivors were dominated by the rare few that left at intermediate sizes and times, coinciding with managed flows released before extreme summer temperatures. The consistent selection against early (small) and late (large) migrants counters prevailing ecological theory that predicts different traits to be favored under varying environmental conditions. Yet, even with this weakened portfolio, maintaining a broad distribution in migration traits still increased adult production and reduced variance. In years exhibiting large fry pulses, even marginal increases in their survival would have significantly boosted recruitment. However, management actions favoring any single phenotype could have negative evolutionary and demographic consequences, potentially reducing adaptability and population stability. To recover fish populations and support viable fisheries in a warming and increasingly unpredictable climate, coordinating flow and habitat management within and among watersheds will be critical to balance trait optimization versus diversification.
Deciphering the stability of grassland productivity in response to rainfall manipulation experiments
Authors: Matos Ilaíne Silveira , Menor Imma Oliveras , Rifai Sami Walid , Rosado Bruno Henrique Pimentel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimRainfall manipulation experiments are essential tools for deciphering the mechanisms leading to variation in ecosystem stability across sites. Here, we gathered articles reporting results of experimental droughts on the above‐ground biomass of grasslands to identify which indices have been used to assess stability, to evaluate the overall grassland responses to drought and to quantify the relative importance of drought characteristics and climatic conditions for explaining variation in stability.LocationGlobal.Time period1989–2018.Major taxa studiedGrasslands.MethodsWe used meta‐analytical approaches to evaluate overall grassland stability in terms of resistance, recovery and resilience, and multi‐model inference to assess the relative importance of different moderators on explaining the variability of those three stability properties.ResultsNumerous indices of stability have been used, but they are inadequate for comparisons across sites. After applying standardized indices, we found that grasslands were resilient (biomass remained unchanged 1 year after drought) and exhibited a trade‐off between low resistance (biomass was lost during drought) and high recovery (new biomass was produced after drought). Overall, climatic conditions and drought characteristics (intensity, duration and frequency) were not important to explain the differences in stability observed across grasslands.Main conclusionsGrasslands are resilient, but if drought events last > 1 year, there might be long‐term declines of biomass production owing to incomplete recovery. Despite the hundreds of experiments conducted in grasslands across the globe, the results are still inconclusive because of four important shortcomings: 50% of the studies have failed to create drought; 81% have not included recovery and resilience, assessing only resistance; 87% have not applied quantitative indices to assess stability; and < 1% of the studies were conducted on tropical grasslands. We discuss how to overcome those limitations to improve our ability to ensure stable grassland productivity under climate change.
The rural identity and the encroaching city: Governance, policy and development in Northern Virginia's Wine Country
Authors: Cowell Margaret , Eckerd Adam , Smart Henry 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn exurban areas, there are commonly issues and tensions associated with development and rural life. We assess how two counties located approximately one hour west of Washington, DC manage these tensions. Although both have enabled development, they have done so in different ways and neither has simply succumbed to exurban development as a given. Utilizing stakeholder interviews and document analysis, we note the different policy approaches that the two counties have taken and contrast them with the more common imagery of areas that fully acquiesce to suburban style development. Our findings suggest that tensions between the pressures of development and the persistent appeal of the rural identity occupy much time and attention in these two counties. Both counties have adopted observable policy changes driven by development pressures in recent years, underscoring a policy landscape that is in flux and the modern tension between the commercial economy of modernity, and the rural identity that is retained from the past. We observe that rural governance is largely about land, while urban governance is largely about people. As these two cases suggest, exurban governance has to be about both issues and this tension may lead to governance that is inherently unstable.
Palliative care advanced practice nursing in Israel: bridging creation and implementation
Authors: Collett D. , Feder S. , Aaron E. , Haron Y. , Schulman‐Green D. 
Published: December 2019

AimTo describe Israel's development of the palliative care advanced practice registered nurse as a foundation for the development of the advanced practice registered nurse role in other specialties.BackgroundPalliative care centres on alleviating physical, emotional, social and spiritual distress associated with life‐limiting illness. In 2009, Israel introduced the palliative care advanced practice nurse role, that is, registered nurses with specialized training in palliative care, to address increasing palliative care needs.IntroductionWhile there has been investment in its development, full implementation of the advanced practice nurse has not yet been achieved.MethodsIn this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted a document analysis (n = 11) and key informant interviews (n = 11), extracted themes using qualitative content analysis and triangulated data sets.ResultsDocuments reflected growing palliative care needs and uniform requirements for advanced practice nurse training. Interviews uncovered a perceived lack of awareness of palliative care, the need for increased role definition and practice authority for advanced practice nurses, and barriers to entry and training for this role.DiscussionFindings highlight ongoing needs in palliative care and advanced practice nursing and a trajectory of growth.ConclusionsThe challenges Israel faces in implementation of the palliative care advanced practice nurse role inform development of other advanced practice nursing roles in Israel and other countries.Implications for Nursing PracticeStreamlining training pathways and resolving scope of practice issues will assist in implementation of advanced practice nursing roles.Implications for Health PolicyOur data offer targets for policymakers advocating the advanced practice nurse role, including training requirements and scope of practice.
Financial Participation and Collective Conflicts: Evidence from French Firms
Authors: Fakhfakh Fathi , Robinson Andrew , Tall Aguibou 
Published: December 2019

Studies on financial participation show positive effects across several “performance” outcomes, yet given the potential to realign employee interests, distribute rewards, and improve commitment little is known about the ability of financial participation to reduce collective conflicts. Using French establishments, we explore the impact of profit sharing and employee share ownership schemes on various measures of conflict. Across various specifications, estimators, and time periods, financial participation reveals an ability to reduce some but not all forms of conflict. Employee share ownership seems especially effective in reducing a range of conflicts including the most extensive and costly forms.