bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth‐Factor Free Multicomponent Nanocomposite Hydrogels That Stimulate Bone Formation
Authors: Okesola Babatunde O. , Ni Shilei , Derkus Burak , Galeano Carles C. , Hasan Abshar , Wu Yuanhao , Ramis Jopeth , Buttery Lee , Dawson Jonathan I. , D'Este Matteo , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Eglin David , Sun Hongchen , Mata Alvaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynthetic osteo‐promoting materials that are able to stimulate and accelerate bone formation without the addition of exogenous cells or growth factors represent a major opportunity for an aging world population. A co‐assembling system that integrates hyaluronic acid tyramine (HA‐Tyr), bioactive peptide amphiphiles (GHK‐Cu2+), and Laponite (Lap) to engineer hydrogels with physical, mechanical, and biomolecular signals that can be tuned to enhance bone regeneration is reported. The central design element of the multicomponent hydrogels is the integration of self‐assembly and enzyme‐mediated oxidative coupling to optimize structure and mechanical properties in combination with the incorporation of an osteo‐ and angio‐promoting segments to facilitate signaling. Spectroscopic techniques are used to confirm the interplay of orthogonal covalent and supramolecular interactions in multicomponent hydrogel formation. Furthermore, physico‐mechanical characterizations reveal that the multicomponent hydrogels exhibit improved compressive strength, stress relaxation profile, low swelling ratio, and retarded enzymatic degradation compared to the single component hydrogels. Applicability is validated in vitro using human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and in vivo using a rabbit maxillary sinus floor reconstruction model. Animals treated with the HA‐Tyr‐HA‐Tyr‐GHK‐Cu2+ hydrogels exhibit significantly enhanced bone formation relative to controls including the commercially available Bio‐Oss.
Light‐Emitting Devices Based on Electrochemiluminescence Gels
Authors: Cho Kyung Gook , Lee Jong Ik , Lee Seonjeong , Hong Kihyon , Kang Moon Sung , Lee Keun Hyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a self‐emission of light from electrochemically excited luminophores via a series of redox reactions. Over the past decade, light‐emitting devices based on gel‐phase ECL active materials, i.e., gel electrolyte composites (referred to as ECL gels) containing an ECL luminophore, electrolyte, and network matrix, have attracted considerable attention as a complementary device platform to conventional electroluminescent devices for low‐cost printable displays and solid‐state light sources. Although the ECL phenomenon is extensively exploited in analytical diagnostics and sensing, the development of printable and fast‐response gel‐type luminescent materials may further expand the potential application of ECL in solid‐state flexible, bendable, and stretchable light‐emitting devices. This review summarizes the operation mechanisms of ECL‐based light‐emitting devices, ECL emitters and electrolytes, engineering strategies for obtaining printable high‐strength/high‐conductivity ECL gels, and emerging applications of gel‐type ECL devices.
Giant Strain Control of Antiferromagnetic Moment in Metallic FeMn by Tuning Exchange Spring Structure
Authors: Feng Chun , Li Yukun , Wang Lei , Cao Yi , Yao Mingke , Meng Fei , Yang Feng , Li Baohe , Wang Kaiyou , Yu Guanghua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManipulation of the antiferromagnetic moment in antiferromagnets (AFMs) is a crucial issue for developing AFM‐based spintronic devices. Lattice strain is an effective strategy to modulate the antiferromagnetic moment and is traditionally based on a direct crystalline tailoring of AFMs. A novel method for strain tuning the antiferromagnetic moment by controlling the exchange spring in the AFM, which is applicable to other conventional AFM materials, is reported. Specifically, a TiNi(Nb) shape memory alloy (SMA) is used as the substrate of Ta/NiFe/FeMn multilayers. By thermally driven inverse martensitic phase transformation in the SMA, a significant strain of 1.3% is transferred into the film, which toggles a noticeable magnetic moment rotation of NiFe by nearly 90° in the film plane, resulting in a consequent twirling of the Néel vector of FeMn due to interfacial exchange interaction. In turn, the antiferromagnetic moment of FeMn is tailorable by tuning the exchange spring. Simultaneously, the exchange bias field is tuned significantly with a maximal variation of 350% due to the twist of the antiferromagnetic moment, which facilitates strain‐assisted magnetization reversal for developing a logic memory device. These findings provide an alternative strategy to advance the development of an AFM‐based memorizer by temperature‐driven strain engineering.
Robust Organoalkoxysilanes as Red Unconventional Fluorescent Platform
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Yang Tingxin , Gou Zhiming , Tian Minggang , Dong Baoli , Lin Weiying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnconventional fluorescent materials have attracted intense and continuous attention due to the facile processability, excellent biocompatibility, and high availability. However, for the lack of suitable unconventional fluorescent platform, unconventional luminophore‐based fluorescent probes have not been applied in the biological field, especially in the detection of bioactive molecules. In this work, unconventional red fluorescence is observed from a series of organoalkoxysilanes for the first time. Particularly, the unique fluorescence derived from smart Si–O bridged structures prompt the fluorescent probe design strategy. The strategy involves applying the Si–O bridge to provide desirable red unconventional fluorescence, and ratiometric detection of endogenous nitric oxide in lysosomes and in vivo. It is expected that this novel strategy will expand the applications of unconventional fluorescence to the bioimaging field, and further provide valid approach for the future evolution of unconventional fluorescent probes.
PnBA/PDMAA‐Based Iron‐Loaded Micropillars Allow for Discrete Cell Adhesion and Analysis of Actuation‐Related Molecular Responses
Authors: Kojima Taisuke , Husari Ayman , Dieterle Martin Philipp , Fontaine Sarah , Prucker Oswald , Tomakidi Pascal , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new approach to generate magneto‐activatable microstructures for discrete cell adhesion to investigate cell mechanoresponsiveness is reported here. The system is based on poly(n‐butylacrylate) micropillar arrays, generated from prepolymers via C,H insertion chemistry and filled with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The pillars' surfaces are modified such that only top faces of the pillars are cell attractive, while the pillar side walls and the area between the pillars are covered by a cell repelling hydrogel layer based on poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide). Magnet stimulation leads to pillar deflection, which induces traction forces to adherent cells. Analysis of early mechanoresponse in human mesenchymal stem cells, specifically the localization of autophosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK Y397) and the co‐transcriptional activator yes‐associated protein (YAP), shows a clear redistribution of pFAK Y397 to the cell margins and an enhanced nuclear localization of YAP, following the magnetically induced mechanical actuation. The successful use of this technique shows that the generated magnetoactive posts are suitable tools to detect the onset (FAK) and maintenance (YAP) involved in stem cell mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The platform combines selective cell adhesion with the possibility of magnetic actuation, thereby representing a promising technology to broaden the molecular understanding of cellular mechanobiology.
Dynamic Manipulation of Friction in Smart Textile Composites of Liquid‐Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Ohzono Takuya , Saed Mohand O. , Yue Youfeng , Norikane Yasuo , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmart surfaces that reversibly change the interfacial friction coefficients in response to external stimuli enable a wide range of applications, such as grips, seals, brake pads, packaging films, and fabrics. Here, a new concept of such a smart frictional system is reported: a composite film of a plain‐weave polyester textile sheet and a thermoresponsive nematic liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE). The composite is deployed with retractable microundulations of the elastomer inside each weave mesh, enabling dramatic changes of the contact interface with the opposing surface on LCE actuation, which is induced, e.g., by a change in temperature (T). At room T, the protruding viscoelastic parts of LCE in the nematic phase make contact with the opposing flat surface, resulting in a very high friction. At an elevated T (≈50 °C, isotropic phase), the undulations of LCE surface are retracted within the thickness of the textile, and the contacts are limited to small regions around overlapping textile fibers, lowering the friction dramatically. This effect is fully reversible on heating/cooling cycles. The surface undulations are spontaneous, i.e., fabricated without any lithographic or alignment techniques. The present composite opens a new way for the application of sheets/films with switchable friction enabled by stimuli‐responsive LCEs.
Intermediate Structures of Nucleation and Growth during Solidification of CuO Constrained by Graphene
Authors: Ge Mengke , Yuan Wenjuan , Zhou Lingling , Deng Ziliang , Hu Min , Li Xiang , He Jia , Xi Wei , Luo Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportant solid‐state information regarding solidification remains unknown, such as the intermediate structure before nucleation and precipitation pathways for each component in multicomponent materials during crystal growth. Herein, a unique intermediate structure with unequal lattice structure (the main performance is the curved lattice fringes and the unequal interplanar spacing) is observed in situ at the atomic level before CuO nucleation. The results of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the formation of this intermediate may be due to the irregular agglomeration of Cu and O atoms. During growth, Cu–Cu layers repeatedly form at the solid–liquid interface as an intermediate state, then oxidizes, and finally forms a perfect CuO crystal. These results help to reveal the mystery of nucleation nanomaterials, especially the multicomponent materials, and elucidate microscopic crystal growth mechanisms during multicomponent materials solidification.
Probing the Ultrastructure of Spheroids and Their Uptake of Magnetic Nanoparticles by FIB–SEM
Authors: Mollo Valentina , Scognamiglio Paola , Marino Attilio , Ciofani Gianni , Santoro Francesca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpheroids are 3D cellular systems largely adopted as model for high‐throughput screening of molecules and diagnostics tools. Furthermore, those cellular platforms also represent a model for testing new delivery carries for selective targeting. The coupling between the 3D cell environment and the nanovectors can be explored at the macroscale by optical microscopy. However, the nanomaterial‐cell interplay finds major action at the single cell and extracellular matrix level with nanoscale interactions. Electron microscopy offers the resolution to investigate those interactions; however, the specimen preparation finds major drawbacks in its operation time and preciseness. In this context, focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy (FIB–SEM) allows for fast processing and high resolution of the cell‐nanomaterial interface. Here, in fact, a novel approach is shown to prepare large‐area 3D spheroid cell culture specimens for FIB–SEM. Sectioning procedures are explored to preserve the peculiar structure of spheroids and their interaction with magnetic nanovectors. The results pave the way for advanced investigations of 3D cellular systems with nano and micromaterials relevant to tissue engineering, bioelectronics, and diagnostics.
Light Emission from Self‐Assembled and Laser‐Crystallized Chalcogenide Metasurface
Authors: Wang Feifan , Wang Zi , Mao Dun , Chen Mingkun , Li Qiu , Kananen Thomas , Fang Dustin , Soman Anishkumar , Hu Xiaoyong , Arnold Craig B. , Gu Tingyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSubwavelength periodic confinement can collectively and selectively enhance local light intensity and enable control over the photoinduced phase transformations at the nanometer scale. Standard nanofabrication process can result in geometrical and compositional inhomogeneities in optical phase change materials, especially chalcogenides, as those materials exhibit poor chemical and thermal stability. Here the self‐assembled planar chalcogenide nanostructured array is demonstrated with resonance‐enhanced light emission to create an all‐dielectric optical metasurface, by taking advantage of the fluid properties associated with solution‐processed films. A patterned silicon membrane serves as a template for shaping the chalcogenide metasurface structure. Solution‐processed arsenic sulfide metasurface structures are self‐assembled in the suspended 250 nm silicon membrane templates. The periodic nanostructure dramatically manifests the local light–matter interaction such as absorption of incident photons, Raman emission, and photoluminescence. Also, the thermal distribution is modified by the boundaries and thus the photothermal crystallization process, leading to the formation of anisotropic nanoemitters within the field enhancement area. This hybrid structure shows wavelength‐selective anisotropic photoluminescence, which is a characteristic behavior of the collective response of the resonant‐guided modes in a periodic nanostructure. The resonance‐enhanced Purcell effect can manifest the quantum efficiency of localized light emission.
High Responsivity and Wavelength Selectivity of GaN‐Based Resonant Cavity Photodiodes
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Chao , Liu Lei , Cao Haicheng , Lin Shan , Xi Xin , Li Xiaodong , Ma Zhanhong , Wang Kaiyou , Patanè Amalia , Zhao Lixia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe implementation of blue‐light photodiodes based on InGaN in emerging technologies, such as free‐space visible light communication (VLC), requires transformative approaches toward enhanced performance, miniaturization, and integration beyond current Si‐based technologies. This work reports on the design and realization of high‐performance InGaN‐based resonant cavity photodiodes with high‐reflectivity lateral porous GaN distributed Bragg reflectors. The well‐controlled porosification of GaN on the 2‐inch wafers enables design and fabrication of optical components, unlocking the potential of nitride semiconductors for several applications. These resonant‐cavity‐enhanced photodiodes, which have a 12 nm‐thick optically active region, exhibit a high responsivity (≈0.1 A W−1) to blue‐light even without any externally applied voltage. Furthermore, the device can operate as both an emitter and a detector of visible light at well‐defined wavelengths with spectral overlap between the electroluminescence emission and photocurrent responsivity, meeting the requirement of wavelength selectivity, thermal stability, and low‐power consumption for VLC, with potential for integration of different functionalities, that is, light emission and detection, on a single chip without additional light filters.
Interface‐Induced High Responsivity in Hybrid Graphene/GaAs Photodetector
Authors: Tian Huijun , Hu Anqi , Liu Qiaoli , He Xiaoying , Guo Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotodetectors based on two‐dimensional (2D)/ three‐dimensional (3D) semiconductor heterojunction structures are emerging as appealing candidates for high‐sensitivity applications. The performances of these hybrid photodetectors are closely correlated with their current gain mechanism. Carrier recirculation is the most commonly reported mechanism. Recently, a Fermi level alignment mechanism was proposed for 2D graphene/0‐dimensional (0D) quantum dot heterostructures because of the easy Fermi level tunability of the quantum dot. In this article, an interface‐induced gain mechanism using this Fermi level alignment process is proposed and identified based on a 2D graphene/3D GaAs hybrid structure with comparative measurement configurations. Because of the high surface state density of GaAs, the photo‐excited holes tend to become trapped at the graphene/GaAs interface, which can easily lower the interface Fermi level and the Fermi level in graphene via an alignment process. When combined with the high carrier mobility characteristics of graphene, a maximum current gain of 2520 and responsivity of 1321 A W−1 are achieved in the devices. This study clarifies the role of the interface states in the gain characteristics of some 2D/3D hybrid devices, with results that are instructive for optimal device design.
Targeting Super‐Enhancers via Nanoparticle‐Facilitated BRD4 and CDK7 Inhibitors Synergistically Suppresses Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Chen‐Song , You Xinru , Dai Chunlei , Xu Qiong‐Cong , Li Fuxi , Wang Li , Huang Xi‐Tai , Wang Jie‐Qin , Li Shi‐Jin , Gao Zhuoxing , Wu Jun , Yin Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant cancer with complex genomic variations, and no targetable genomic lesions have been found yet. Super‐enhancers (SEs) have been found to contribute to the continuous and robust oncogenic transcription. Here, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) is profiled in PDAC cell lines to establish SE landscapes. Concurrently, it is also shown that PDAC is vulnerable to the perturbation of the SE complex using bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor, JQ1, synergized with cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitor, THZ1. Formulations of hydrophobic l‐phenylalanine‐poly (ester amide) nanoparticles (NPs) with high drug loading of JQ1 and THZ1 (J/T@8P4s) are further designed and developed. J/T@8P4s is assessed for size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, drug release profiles, and drug uptake in vitro. Compared to conventional free drug formulation, the nanodelivery system dramatically reduces the hepatotoxicity while significantly enhancing the tumor inhibition effects and the bioavailability of incorporated JQ1 and THZ1 at equal doses in a Gemcitabine‐resistant PDAC patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model. Overall, the present study demonstrates that the J/T@8P4s can be a promising therapeutic treatment against the PDAC via suppression of SE‐associated oncogenic transcription, and provides a strategy utilizing NPs to assist the drug delivery targeting SEs.
Significantly Enhanced Molecular Stacking in Ternary Bulk Heterojunctions Enabled by an Appropriate Side Group on Donor Polymer
Authors: Jiang Huanxiang , Li Xiaoming , Wang Huan , Ren Zhitao , Zheng Nan , Wang Xunchang , Li Yonghai , Chen Weichao , Yang Renqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTernary strategy is a promising approach to broaden the photoresponse of polymer solar cells (PSCs) by adopting combinatory photoactive blends. However, it could lead to a more complicated situation in manipulating the bulk morphology. Achieving an ideal morphology that enhances the charge transport and light absorption simultaneously is an essential avenue to promote the device performance. Herein, two polymers with different lengths of side groups (P1 is based on phenyl side group and P2 is based on biphenyl side group) are adopted in the dual‐acceptor ternary systems to evaluate the relationship between conjugated side group and crystalline behavior in the ternary system. The P1 ternary system delivers a greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.06%, which could be attributed to the intense and broad photoresponse and improved charge transport originating from the improved crystallinity. Inversely, the P2 ternary device only exhibits a poor PCE of 8.97%, where the decreased device performance could mainly be ascribed to the disturbed molecular stacking of the components originating from the overlong conjugated side group. The results demonstrate a conjugated side group could greatly determine the device performance by tuning the crystallinity of components in ternary systems.
(E)‐,(Z)‐Stereodefined α‐Chloro‐β‐tosyloxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters: Sequential Cross‐Couplings for (E)‐,(Z)‐Stereo Complementary Synthesis of Fully‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Ashida Yuichiro , Nakata Kohei , Yoshitake Daisuke , Sato Yuka , Miyazaki Yukie , Tanabe Yoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn (E)‐, (Z)‐stereocomplementary synthesis of fully‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters has been developed. The present method involves sequential cross‐coupling reactions of readily available (E)‐, (Z)‐stereodefined α‐chloro‐β‐tosyloxy‐α,β‐unsaturated esters, which were obtained by (Z)‐ and (E)‐stereocomplementary enol tosylation of methyl α‐chloro‐β‐oxoesters using novel reagents, TsCl−NaH−TMEDA(−LiCl) for Z and TsCl−iPr2NEt−N‐methylimidazole for E. The first highly chemoselective and stereoretentive Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings proceeded smoothly at the β‐TsO‐position of (E)‐ and (Z)‐α‐chloro‐β‐tosyloxy‐α,β‐unsaturated esters to afford (Z)‐ and (E)‐β‐aryl(Ar)‐α‐chloroacrylates, respectively by an accessible [Pd(OAc)2−PPh3−K2CO3] catalysis (4 examples: 89–94% yield). Subsequent highly stereoretentive Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings using the obtained (Z)‐ and (E)‐acrylates were successfully performed by a reactive [Pd(OAc)2−SPhos−K2CO3] catalysis to produce a number of (E)‐ and (Z)‐ β‐aryl(Ar)‐α‐aryl’(Ar1) and β‐aryl(Ar)‐α‐n‐hexyl acrylates (24 examples, 62–94 %). As a distinct extension, (Z)‐ and (E)‐β‐(p‐tolyl)‐α‐chloroacrylate served as appropriate partners for (E)‐ and (Z)‐stereoretentive Sonogashira, Mizoroki‐Heck, and Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐couplings, which afforded the corresponding enyne, diene, and α‐aminoolefin types of fully‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters (6 examples: 52–75% yield).
Quantum Integrability of 1D Ionic Hubbard Model
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Abolfath , Jafari Seyed Akbar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quantum integrability of the 1D ionic Hubbard model (IHM) is established using two independent numerical methods, namely i) energy level spacing statistics and ii) occupation profile of one‐particle density matrix (OPDM) eigen‐values. Both methods suggest that the 1D IHM is integrable. The calculations of energy level statistics reproduce the known results for the standard Hubbard model. Upon turning on the the ionic term, the energy level spacing distribution of this model continues to obey the Poissonian distribution. Occupation patterns as extracted from OPDM indicate that quasi‐particles are sharpened upon increasing the ionic potential. This is evidenced by a larger jump in the occupation number distribution.
Zweidimensionale Edelmetallchalkogenide und ‐phosphochalkogenide
Authors: Kempt Roman , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEdelmetallchalkogenide sowie deren Dichalkogenide und Phosphochalkogenide sind eine aufstrebende Klasse zweidimensionaler Materialien. Ihre Eigenschaften können durch die Lagenanzahl und Defekte über einen weiten Bereich eingestellt werden. Diese beinhalten Metall‐zu‐Halbleiter‐Übergänge, magnetische Ordnung und topologische Oberflächenzustände. Diese Materialien liegen in verschiedenen Polytypen vor, die oft ähnliche Bildungsenergien aufweisen, wodurch sie durch selektive Syntheseansätze hergestellt werden können. Sie sind herausragend in mechanischen, optischen und chemischen Sensoren, insbesondere aufgrund ihrer Stabilität gegenüber Luft und Feuchtigkeit über lange Zeiträume. In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird der gegenwärtige Fortschritt im Bereich der Edelmetallchalkogenide und deren Phosphochalkogenide zusammengefasst und die besondere strukturelle Komplexität in den Vordergrund gerückt, die ihre Anwendungen beeinflusst.