bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Energy Consumption Quota Index System for Chinese Public Institutions and Its Application
Authors: Yan BAI , Lan ZHANG , Xue BAI 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Energy consumption quota has been widely used in various fields as an important means and technical support for energy conservation. As an important field of energy conservation in the whole society, energy conservation of public institutions shall also require an energy consumption quota method to manage energy consumption. Based on the zoning and classification of public institutions, through analyzing the energy usage characteristics of public institutions such as heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, office and cooking, this article studied the core indexes and reference indexes of public institutions with or without heating systems, proposed the energy consumption quota index system for public institutions, and provided single-index and multiple-index evaluation schemes..
Analysis of security risk control of mobile application under BYOD scenario using in energy enterprises
Authors: Wenjie Zhang , Wei Li , Zheng Li , Yubo Liu , Zhiru Zhang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the popularity of bring your own device (BYOD), energy employees have tended to use personal mobile devices to access company resources. The use of the same device to access both corporate and personal data introduces new security threats, such as the disclosure of confidential corporate data. Existing BYOD solutions lack multi-entity management, role-based access control (RBAC) support. Therefore cannot address the critical issue of external enterprise collaboration when the same device needs to access the resources of multiple companies. Based on this, security risk control of mobile applications in BYOD scenario is carried out in this paper. A face in vivo detection algorithm based on FLGS is proposed to improve the reliability of face recognition on current BYOD mobile devices.
The new public management theory looks at the socialization reform of college catering service under the valve
Authors: Chen Wenpu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The socialized reform of college catering service should draw lessons from the theory of new public management, take the road of marketization, re-divide the division of government and social forces, and develop the college catering service market. Innovate characteristic college catering with information technology and precise positioning of audience demand; The quality of service is guaranteed by perfect management system, excellent service team and multi-party supervision mechanism.
Potassium enrichment of treated palm oil mill effluent in a fixed-bed contactor
Authors: Pranolo S H , Margono  , Paryanto  , Muizuddin A , Ayyubbiru K T 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTreated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the effluent of POME-based biogas production process. This liquid is potential as a raw material of liquid organic fertilizer, but the potassium content should be upgraded. Ash of empty palm fruit bunches (EPFB-a) which is locally available in huge amount is an attractive source of potassium. Potassium enrichment of treated POME was performed by contacting this liquid with EPFB-a in a fixed bed contactor. This research studied the effects of treated POME flow rate and height of EPFB-a bed on potassium mass transfer coefficient from solid to liquid phase in the contactor. Treated POME and EPFB-a were obtained from a crude palm oil mill in Rantau Sakti Village, Tambusai Utara Sub-district, Rokan Hulu Regency of Riau Province. The treated POME flow rates were set at 3.72; 3.36; and 2.52 L/min. EPFB-a bed height were fixed at 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 m. The performance of this fixed bed contactor was evaluated based on extracted potassium content.
Main engine calculation for ferry Ro-Ro 500 DWT ship using electric propulsion
Authors: Zulfaidah A. , Sarwoko  , Suharto  , Santoso Budhi , Romadhoni  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of the current design of electrical system to protect the environment in the world. The purpose of this research is to obtain an electric propulsion system and engine power needed by the Ferry RoRo 500 DWT ship. The analysis begins by calculating the total ship resistance using the software. Next, the calculation of determining the generator power is calculated by a mathematical method. Resistance of 500 DWT RORO ferry at 12 knots 67.7 kN service speed. The increase in ship resistance is affected by the volume of the hull below the waterline. The greater the volume the greater the value resistance ship to get. The power play engine generator required to fight the value of ship resistance at the ferry RORO service speed of 984.49 kW.
The Effect of Plasticizers towards the Characteristics of Methylcellulose Film Packaging
Authors: Karim S F A , Hamzah N A N , Aziz R A A , Ibrahim U K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The usage of petroleum-based film packaging causes a serious environmental problem, which affects human health as well as marine life. The main objective of this study is to study the effect of different plasticizers on the methylcellulose (MC) based film food packaging. Sorbitol and red palm oil (RPO) were used as plasticizers. The films were prepared by using solution-casting method before being characterized. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of 3361 to 3305 cm−1 peak as the presence of hydroxyl group in sorbitol and 2925 cm−1 to 2853 cm−1 peak corresponded to the C-H stretches of the alkanes of RPO. All films appeared in white colour for sorbitol while yellowish for films with RPO. Tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased over increasing amount of sorbitol or RPO due to the modified interactions between the plasticizers and the chemical structure of the film. Overall, RPO can be used as the substitute of sorbitol to incorporate with MC.
Potential of Edible Oil Production from Rice Bran in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Yunardi Y , Meilina H , Fathanah U , Mahadina R , Rinaldi A , Jauharlina J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling process, 57-60% rice will be produced, 18-20% husk and 8-10% bran. On this basis, about 4.5 to 5.6 million tons of rice bran is produced every year and unfortunately such massive resource of rice bran is not yet optimally utilized. To this point, rice bran has been used as animal feed. Typically, rice bran contains 15-20 % lipids, 12-16 % protein, 7-11 % crude fibre, 34-52 % carbohydrate and 7-10 % ash. Since it is rich in lipids, rice bran is economically and commercially feasible to be converted into edible oil. With the embargo of Indonesia palm oil by European Union and more portion of palm oil is converted into biodiesel, rice bran oil would have opportunity to supply the country to meet the demand for edible oil. Rice bran oil offers a number of advantages compared to other edible oils in terms high antioxidant contents and high smoke point. This paper will discuss the potential production of rice bran oil from resources and technological point of views, current processing technology, possible methods to increase the recovery, and future prospect for rice bran oil.
Refrigeration system based-dehumidifier
Authors: Ariwibowo D , Indartono  , Darmanto S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to develop a dehumidifier prototype based on R-404C vapor compression refrigeration system and observed its performance. Condenser and evaporator became a unit to condense the moisture content of the air and heat it to an elevated temperature. Condenser and evaporator were arranged in line with airflow to be treated. The air velocity drawn through the unit of condenser-evaporator arrangement was set at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 m/s by fan current input controller. Evaporator and condenser are a fin-tube type with areas of 0.6 m2. Refrigerant inlet temperature to evaporator was set at -20 °C. Temperature and Relative humidity (RH) of air at the inlet and outlet of the unit were measured by thermohygrometer. The humidifier performance was indicated by a ratio between moisture condensed (kg) and system energy input (kW). The heat released in the cooling and condensation process was 10.1 kW and 17.8 kW, whereas heat consumed in the heating process was 24.8 kW. The best performance of the dehumidifier was 16.7 kg/kWh at air velocity, outlet temperature and RH were 5 m/s, 42 °C and 17 %, subsequently.
Differences in precision of wax molds made of portland cement and silicone rubber in investment casting process for economic efficacy
Authors: Kusyairi I , Choiron M A , Himawan H M , Irawan Y S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The investment casting method has several advantages, namely the ability to mold complex objects, create products smooth surface and high precision. This is closely related to the wax pattern used, if the wax already has a precision geometry with a precise shrinkage estimation during the casting process, the product will be in accordance with the plan, and vice versa. This study compares the level of roughness and precision of wax molds made of Portland cement and Silicon Rubber. The first step was making a product design with CAD, the product pattern to be made was the origami crash box with a thickness of 3 mm. The second step, converting the CAD file to .stp/.step then printing the design with 3D Printing. The third step, duplicating the 3D printing results with Portland cement material on the first mold and silicone rubber on the second mold. The first mold was designed with the assembly method, the assembly will be carried out after the first part and the second part have been finished. The fourth step was pouring wax that has been mixed with dammar gum (Shorea javanica), onto each gate that has been designed. The study found that the percentage difference between design and cement was 14.7% while the difference between design and RTV Silicon Rubber was 2.7%. This proves that RTV Silicon Rubber can form more precise patterns than cement. RTV Silicon Rubber mold is able to form complex patterns. The surface roughness adjusts to the imitated pattern, if the pattern is smooth then the surface produced by RTV Silicon Rubber mold is smooth, and vice versa.
Solvability for classical continuous boundary optimal control problem dominating by triple hyperbolic equations
Authors: Al-Hawasy Jamil A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work concerns with the study of the continuous classical boundary optimal control problem (CCBUOCP) dominating by triple linear hyperbolic (TLH) partial differential equations(TLHPDEQS). The existing theorem for a unique state vector solution(SVES) for the TLH boundary value problem (TLHBVP) as well as for its adjoint triple linear equations (ATLEQ) is proved using the method of Galerkin (MG) when the continuous classical boundary control vector (CCBUCV) is known. The existing theorem of a continuous classical boundary optimal control vector (CCBUOCV) dominating by the TLHBVP is proved. The directional derivative (DIDE) for the cost functional (CFu) is derived. Finally the theorem for necessity conditions for optimality (THNCO) of the problem is proved.
RETRACTED: Automatic Cytoplasm and Nucleus detection in the white blood cells depending on hisogram analysis
Authors: Mohammed M H , Daway H G , Jouda J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Programmed identification of white platelets (WBCs) stays an uncertain issue in medicinal imaging. The first step in this algorithm is to detect a white blood cell (Lymphocyte) and then segments the Cytoplasm and Nucleus in this cell. This was done by using image processing Techniques. The suggested method depending on the binary conversion of red, blue and hue compounds depending on threshes values. These values were calculated from histogram analysis within specific ranges. The proposed algorithm was compared with several other algorithms for detection by using an accuracy scale in the detection. where the proposed algorithm obtained a high distinction accuracy reached 98% compared to other methods.
A Study of the Influence of Zinc Oxide on Acid Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Hadi F A , Kadhim R G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The natural rubber has good resistance for some acids such as hydrochloric acid. Therefore, natural rubber composites are used in the lining of acid containers. Acid resistance of the natural rubber improves by types and levels of additives such as zinc oxide level. This research focuses on the influence of traditional zinc oxide on the acid resistance of natural rubber composites against 37% (w/w) hydrochloric acid. Six rubber compounds were prepared with various levels of zinc oxide of (0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8) phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber weight). This work includes tests of tensile properties, hardness (Shore A), compression set, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance. Test specimens of tensile properties and hardness immersed in hydrochloric acid for 70 hours at room temperature. After immersion, they dried and tested for determining acid resistance. The acid resistance of rubber composites increased by increasing the amount of zinc oxide and the best acid resistance of rubber composite was gotten at 5 phr of zinc oxide.
Synthesis and characterizations of new conducting polyamide (Nylon 6,6) composites, conductivity and thermal Studies.
Authors: Obies Oras Jasim , Kadhim Prof. Dr. Raheem Gaaed , Mutar Prof. Dr. Mohammed Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The composites are having the capability of combining constitutive component’s individual properties, creating distinctive materials with certain characteristics proper for specific applications. The major goal of the presented research is developing polymeric reinforced composite materials, that is considered to be anti-static as well as light. The potential regarding conducting the synthesis of PA(nylon 6,6) as well as involving it in the polymeric matrices, including polyamide-6,6 which is enabling creating anti-static reinforced materials. (PANI:Ny-6,6) as well as the composite films have been subjected to preparation through a process of diffusion as well as the aniline’s oxidative polymerization in Ny-6,6 matrixes. Composite films have been subjected to characterization through SEM, FTIR, in addition to their electrical properties. Surface electrical conductivity that is related to HCl of (1M) doped composite films increase and increment in film’s PAn contents. Studying electrical properties within certain isothermal conditions at temperature in range (130-200°C) indicated that composite films have been stable in ambient conditions not more than a temperature of 200 °C with regard to DC electrical conductivity retention.
Effect pressure and ultrasonic wave on nano bubbles density in water solution
Authors: Rabee Bahaa H , Al–Saeedi Adnan M. , Alshafaay B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After designing the special unit for two stages, the first stage was for the production of micro-bubbles and the second was for the production of Nano bubble. The production of dissolved nano bubble in water is accomplished by converting the microbubbles by high pressure (10-70 bar) and by ultrasound waves between (2-20 GHz) and at different time periods (15,30,60 seconds) and in the middle of a metal chamber that bears High pressure The results showed that the highest intensity of the presence of dissolved nano bubble in water is (24%) and was achieved at pressure (70 bar) and frequency (20 GHz) and with a time period (60 seconds).
The Racialization of Print
Authors: Rezek Joseph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis essay reimagines the centuries-long process through which printed objects in the Anglophone world became powerfully associated with white supremacy and ideologies of racial hierarchy. It argues that the racialization of print was not inevitable but contingent, uneven, and always contested; that it continually shifted, varying widely from place to place; and that it occurred in relation to the medium’s changing associations with such other unstable social and ideological categories as class, gender, religion, and nation. The essay proposes two phases for this historical process: the establishment phase, during which the hyperelite medium of the printed codex acquired an association with white authorship in the early modern period; and the essentializing phase, during which, over the course of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a printed book by a single author came to be understood as capable of representing the essential nature of an entire race of people. Samson Occom and Phillis Wheatley wrote during the shift between these two phases of print’s racialization. A comparative case study of Occom’s and Wheatley’s relationships to book publication suggests that early modern social and class hierarchies were more important to their navigation of the medium’s racialized dynamics than is commonly granted.
Nickel hyperaccumulation in New Caledonian Hybanthus (Violaceae) and occurrence of nickel-rich phloem in Hybanthus austrocaledonicus
Authors: Paul Adrian L D , Gei Vidiro , Isnard Sandrine , Fogliani Bruno , Echevarria Guillaume , Erskine Peter D , Jaffré Tanguy , Munzinger Jérôme , van der Ent Antony 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hybanthus austrocaledonicus (Violaceae) is a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator endemic to New Caledonia. One of the specimens stored at the local herbarium had a strip of bark with a remarkably green phloem tissue attached to the sheet containing over 4 wt% Ni. This study aimed to collect field samples from the original H. austrocaledonicus locality to confirm the nature of the green ‘nickel-rich phloem’ in this taxon and to systematically assess the occurrence of Ni hyperaccumulation in H. austrocaledonicus and Hybanthus caledonicus populations.

Methods
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy scanning of all collections of the genus Hybanthus (236 specimens) was undertaken at the Herbarium of New Caledonia to reveal incidences of Ni accumulation in populations of H. austrocaledonicus and H. caledonicus. In parallel, micro-analytical investigations were performed via synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS).

Key Results
The extensive scanning demonstrated that Ni hyperaccumulation is not a characteristic common to all populations in the endemic Hybanthus species. Synchrotron XFM revealed that Ni was exclusively concentrated in the epidermal cells of the leaf blade and petiole, conforming with the majority of (tropical) Ni hyperaccumulator plants studied to date. SEM-EDS of freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated samples revealed the presence of dense solid deposits in the phloem bundles that contained &gt;8 wt% nickel.

Conclusions
The occurrence of extremely Ni-rich green phloem tissues appears to be a characteristic feature of tropical Ni hyperaccumulator plants.
Directional change in leaf dry matter δ 13C during leaf development is widespread in C3 plants
Authors: Vogado Nara O , Winter Klaus , Ubierna Nerea , Farquhar Graham D , Cernusak Lucas A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThe stable carbon isotope ratio of leaf dry matter (δ 13Cp) is generally a reliable recorder of intrinsic water-use efficiency in C3 plants. Here, we investigated a previously reported pattern of developmental change in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion, whereby emerging leaves are initially 13C-enriched compared to mature leaves on the same plant, with their δ 13Cp decreasing during leaf expansion until they eventually take on the δ 13Cp of other mature leaves.MethodsWe compiled data to test whether the difference between mature and young leaf δ 13Cp differs between temperate and tropical species, or between deciduous and evergreen species. We also tested whether the developmental change in δ 13Cp is indicative of a concomitant change in intrinsic water-use efficiency. To gain further insight, we made online measurements of 13C discrimination (∆ 13C) in young and mature leaves.Key ResultsWe found that the δ 13Cp difference between mature and young leaves was significantly larger for deciduous than for evergreen species (−2.1 ‰ vs. −1.4 ‰, respectively). Counter to expectation based on the change in δ 13Cp, intrinsic water-use efficiency did not decrease between young and mature leaves; rather, it did the opposite. The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci/ca) was significantly higher in young than in mature leaves (0.86 vs. 0.72, respectively), corresponding to lower intrinsic water-use efficiency. Accordingly, instantaneous ∆ 13C was also higher in young than in mature leaves. Elevated ci/ca and ∆ 13C in young leaves resulted from a combination of low photosynthetic capacity and high day respiration rates.ConclusionThe decline in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion appears to reflect the addition of the expanding leaf’s own 13C-depleted photosynthetic carbon to that imported from outside the leaf as the leaf develops. This mixing of carbon sources results in an unusual case of isotopic deception: less negative δ 13Cp in young leaves belies their low intrinsic water-use efficiency.
Does masting scale with plant size? High reproductive variability and low synchrony in small and unproductive individuals
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Szymkowiak Jakub , Calama Rafael , Crone Elizabeth E , Espelta Josep M , Lesica Peter , Marino Shealyn , Steele Michael A , Tenhumberg Brigitte , Tyre Andrew , Żywiec Magdalena , Kelly Dave 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn a range of plant species, the distribution of individual mean fecundity is skewed and dominated by a few highly fecund individuals. Larger plants produce greater seed crops, but the exact nature of the relationship between size and reproductive patterns is poorly understood. This is especially clear in plants that reproduce by exhibiting synchronized quasi-periodic variation in fruit production, a process called masting.MethodsWe investigated covariation of plant size and fecundity with individual-plant-level masting patterns and seed predation in 12 mast-seeding species: Pinus pinea, Astragalus scaphoides, Sorbus aucuparia, Quercus ilex, Q. humilis, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Q. montana, Chionochloa pallens, C. macra, Celmisia lyallii and Phormium tenax.Key ResultsFecundity was non-linearly related to masting patterns. Small and unproductive plants frequently failed to produce any seeds, which elevated their annual variation and decreased synchrony. Above a low fecundity threshold, plants had similar variability and synchrony, regardless of their size and productivity.ConclusionsOur study shows that within-species variation in masting patterns is correlated with variation in fecundity, which in turn is related to plant size. Low synchrony of low-fertility plants shows that the failure years were idiosyncratic to each small plant, which in turn implies that the small plants fail to reproduce because of plant-specific factors (e.g. internal resource limits). Thus, the behaviour of these sub-producers is apparently the result of trade-offs in resource allocation and environmental limits with which the small plants cannot cope. Plant size and especially fecundity and propensity for mast failure years play a major role in determining the variability and synchrony of reproduction in plants.