bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New fossil stilt-legged mites ofNeophyllobiusBerlese, 1886 (Acariformes, Camerobiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: Zmudzinski Mateusz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe fossil record of the family Camerobiidae has been represented by only one species,Neophyllobius succineusBolland and Magowski, 1990, described from Eocene Baltic amber. These prostigmatan mites are distinguishable by their distinctly long and slender stilt-like legs, and they are associated with aboveground vegetation where they hunt for other small invertebrates. This paper enhances the knowledge of fossil stilt-legged mites. Two new fossil species,N. electrusnew species andN. glaesusnew species, are described from samples of Baltic amber, and remarks on their morphology and taphonomy are provided. The discovery is complemented with a discussion on morphological singularities (the shape of the prodorsum, the location of setaeh1andh2in living specimens, and lengths of genual setae), an anomaly of hypertrophied seta (found in theN. glaesusholotype), and some biogeographical issues.UUID:http://zoobank.org/d1602384-ae4f-4f90-b4a1-6cdedd77c9e1
Prescreening Hydraulic Lime-Binders for Disordered Calcite in Caesarea Maritima: Characterizing the Chemical Environment Using FTIR
Authors: Asscher Yotam , van Zuiden Aliza , Elimelech Chen , Gendelman Peter , ‘Ad Uzi , Sharvit Jacob , Secco Michele , Ricci Giulia , Artioli Gilberto 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTHydraulic lime binders are considered a technological marvel which revolutionized construction techniques in antiquity. The core material is made of a binder that is a mixture of calcite and hydraulic phases, which are amorphous silicate compounds that nanostructurally polymerize into insoluble phases that harden even underwater, formed during the reaction between lime and reactive silicates such as volcanic ash. This is also what makes hydraulic lime so hard to radiocarbon (14C) date. These insoluble phases contain carbonates that may set centuries following their application, resulting in younger ages, which may contaminate the calcite fraction that is favorable for 14C dating. This calcite fraction forms upon the incorporation of atmospheric carbon dioxide during the setting of the hydrated lime. Therefore, different characterization methods are being constantly developed for identifying and characterizing the components of hydraulic lime-binders. In this work, we present a rapid characterization technique based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that characterizes the atomic disorder and chemical environment of the carbonates and silicates fractions in the binder. The atomic disorder of the calcite crystallites was determined by the ν2 and ν4 vibrational modes, and the silicates were characterized by the main peak asymmetry and full width at half maximum (FWHM). Different hydraulic binders from Caesarea Maritima were examined, including Herodian mortars from the underwater breakwater and on-land plasters and mortars from the portʼs warehouse and vaults. Hydraulic binders, in which the calcite fraction in the binder shows atomic disorder that is comparable to modern plaster binders, was associated with silicates that have asymmetry and FWHM of clays and quartz. These materials are considered to be in good preservation state for 14C dating since their carbonates crystallites are disordered and did not interact with the environment chemically to form stable and ordered crystals. Interestingly, the atomic disorder of binders that underwent chemical alterations and recrystallization processes, are associated with reactive silicates aggregates such as volcanic ash (pozzolana). These results suggest a new way to prescreen materials for radiocarbon dating based on the composition of lime-binders and preservation state of the carbonate fraction and hydraulic products.
THE SECOND MINIMUM/MAXIMUM VALUE OF THE NUMBER OF CYCLIC SUBGROUPS OF FINITE -GROUPS
Authors: LAZOREC MIHAI-SILVIU , SHEN RULIN , TĂRNĂUCEANU MARIUS 
Published: April 2020

Let $C(G)$ be the poset of cyclic subgroups of a finite group $G$ and let $\mathscr{P}$ be the class of $p$-groups of order $p^{n}$ ($n\geq 3$). Consider the function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}:\mathscr{P}\longrightarrow (0,1]$ given by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(G)=|C(G)|/|G|$. In this paper, we determine the second minimum value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, as well as the corresponding minimum points. Since the problem of finding the second maximum value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ has been solved for $p=2$, we focus on the case of odd primes in determining the second maximum.
The learning curve for endoscopic tympanoplasties: a single-institution experience, in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Baruah P , Lee J D E , Pickering C , de Wolf M J F , Coulson C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether increasing operative experience results in better surgical outcomes in endoscopic middle-ear surgery.MethodsA retrospective single-institution cohort study was performed. Patients underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty between May 2013 and April 2019 performed by the senior surgeon or a trainee surgeon under direct supervision from the senior surgeon. Following data collection, statistical analysis compared success rates between early (learning curve) surgical procedures and later (experienced) tympanoplasties.ResultsIn total, 157 patients (86 male, 71 female), with a mean age of 41.6 years, were included. The patients were followed up for an average of 43.2 weeks. The overall primary closure rate was 90.0 per cent.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an early learning curve for endoscopic ear surgery that improves with surgical experience. Adoption of the endoscopic technique did not impair the success rates of tympanoplasty.
Chronic major depressive episode and dysthymia: comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Cassano GB , Savino M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn an attempt to better delineate demographic and clinical characteristics of mild chronic depressions, 46 outpatients fulfilling DSM III-R criteria for dysthymia were compared with patients suffering from a chronic major depressive episode. The profile obtained from our dysthymic sample matches with those reported by other authors. The comparison between “minor” and major chronic depression was also carried out by subdividing these latter into unipolar - recurrent and single episode - and bipolar depression. Dysthymics showed a bipolar family history closer to that of bipolar chronic major depressives which was significantly higher than that recorded in the other sub-categories.
Lists of integrated criteria for the evaluation of taxonomy
Authors: Guerrero J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe systems or lists that make up diagnostic criteria proposed by both classical and modern authors, as well as the usual national or international classifications constitute diagnostic instruments which allow: 1), classification of patients into the most homogeneous groups possible, according to absent-present criteria; 2), research on the propensity for certain criteria to appear, and on their stability; 3), a polydiagnostic approach, not limited to any one reference diagnostic system; 4), a group of psychiatrists to establish the capacity to construct empirical criteria for diagnosis and diagnostic-differential criteria of one or several nosological entities. If this group of psychiatrists is notably representative of a certain country or set of countries, these criteria allow for means of validation of the very empirical criteria established, as well as of the systems and classifications that integrate the instrument used, with their points of agreement and disagreement; 5), the establishment of a correspondence between empirical criteria and conceptual criteria, with predictions as to the application and way of using a new classification or of proposed projects, from the overall perspective of an empirical-conceptual relationship.
Cloze Procedure and Type Token Ratio: an aid to diagnosis
Authors: Damba BD , Burner S , Lôo H 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDisturbances in the verbal communication patterns of manic and schizophrenic patients have been identified as two tools borrowed from quantitative linguistics: the Cloze Procedure and the Type Token Ratio (TTR). The Cloze Procedure, which measures the communicability of a message, consists of suppressing systematically every “nth” word of a text and in asking raters to try and guess the missing words. The Cloze Score of each text is then evaluated. The TTR measures the index of repetitiveness of a text or, in other words, its verbal richness. The degree of communicability, or overall comprehension, and the index of verbal richness are obtained through the analysis of a corpus of oral texts which have been recorded and transcribed. The patients are all paired with suitable controls. It was shown that low Cloze Scores (CS) and low TTR identify schizophrenic patients, whereas low CS and high TTR indicate a manic state. Control subjects show both high CS and high TTR. These results suggest that the Cloze Procedure linked with TTR can provide substantial aid to the differential diagnosis of mania and schizophrenia.
Autobiographical memory and major depressive states
Authors: Puffet A , Jehin-Marchot D , Timsit-Berthier M , Timsit M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe Autoradiographical Memory Test elaborated by Williams and Scott (1988) consists of presenting positive and negative cue words to subjects, and asking them to retrieve specific personal memories in response to each cue in under 60 s. This method was applied to 20 subjects who met the DSM III criteria for Major Depressive Episode, and 20 volunteers paired for age (± 3 years), sex and instructional level. In general, our data confirm the results obtained by Williams and Scott (1988): the number of specific memories is significantly lower in depressive patients than in control subjects, especially in response to positive cues.
Dysfunctional attitudes in depressed and non-depressed substance abusers: an exploratory study
Authors: Calache J , Martinez R , Verhulst SJ , Bourgeois M , Peyre F 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe authors examined whether substance abusers have more maladaptive thinking patterns than controls. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was administered to 38 substance abusers and 30 healthy age-matched controls. Nineteen substance abusers (50%) were depressed and 19 were non-depressed. Both depressed and non-depressed substance abusers had significantly higher DAS scores than controls. Depressed substance abusers had higher scores than non-depressed substance abusers. There was no correlation between age, sex, age of onset or the nature of the substance used and DAS scores in either group of patients. There was a trend for an elevation of DAS scores with chronicity of dependence among depressed substance abusers. The results support the hypothesis of the presence of maladaptive thinking patterns among substance abusers, and suggest a need for further exploration of their cognitive styles and of the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of addiction.
Lifetime prevalence of depression and family history of patients with panic disorder and social phobia
Authors: Bellodi L , Battaglia M , Diaferia G , Draisci A , Sciuto G 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe assessed the lifetime prevalence of major depression in a sample of 145 patients with a current diagnosis of panic disorder and/or social phobia. The prevalenee tended to be higher in patients with both diagnoses. Patients with panic disorder and social phobia had an earlier onset of the former condition. Familial rates of panic were higher in patients with pure panic disorder, and the rate of depression was increased in relatives of probands who had a lifetime diagnosis of depression.
Quantitative measurement of depression through speech analysis
Authors: Talavera JA , Sáiz-Ruiz J , García-Toro M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryLooking for a substantial increase in the reliability and validity of voice analysis measurements in depression, we have developed a new experimental paradigm. The paradigm is based on two vocal tasks with different levels of cognitive processing and a baseline verbal task. It has been applied to 40 subjects, 20 patients with affective disorders and 20 normal individuals. We have found that an important set of vocal parameters, at different intervals, discriminates patients from normal subjects. Here, we discuss four of them – those that have been especially consistent; the patients had longer reaction times, a higher proportion of relative spectral energy (at a very low frequency band), narrower fundamental frequency range and higher proportion of omissions. Under the proposed paradigm, the acoustic analysis could be a promising instrument for the development of quantitative indicators of depression.
Transcultural approach of depression. Comparative study of the diagnostic performance of the dexamethasone suppression test in São Paulo (Brazil) and Liège (Belgium)
Authors: Lucchesi LM , Fernandes MH , Silva Junior N , Yazigi L , Ansseau M , Timsit-Berthier M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe compared the rate of DST non-suppression in two samples of 26 Brazilian and 26 Belgian female depressive patients, matched for age, diagnostic subtype and severity of depression. This rate was significantly lower in São Paulo than in Liège (P = 0.04). The differences observed in DST can be explained by the complexity of familial, personal and clinical factors. A role of a latitude effect through melatonin secretion on adrenocortical function of depressed patients is also suggested.
Is “cannabis psychosis” a distinct category?
Authors: Thornicroft G , Meadows G , Politi P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryForty-five cases of psychotic patients with admission urinalysis positive for cannabis were compared with psychotic controls without evidence of cannabis use. Cases and controls were matched for age, sex and year of admission, and were compared for socio-demographic data, circumstances of admission, diagnosis, and symptoms at admission. Three differences were found: cases were more likely to be Afro-Caribbean than white (P = 0.01), to manifest incoherence of speech (P= 0.02) and agitation (P= 0.01). In other respects the case and control groups were indistinguishable, and no pattern of symptoms characterised the “cannabis psychosis“group. These findings do not support the view that “cannabis psychosis” has a distinct psycho-phenomenological pattern Epidemiological studies are required to further clarify the association for psychotic patients between Afro-Caribbean ethnic groups and the likelihood of having a positive urine test for cannabis.
Pharmacological treatment of extreme self-injurious behavior in autism
Authors: Knabe R , Bovier P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTwo autistic patients suffering from extreme cases of self-injurious behavior received an association of a sedative neuroleptic, a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent and an opiate antagonist. Within a few weeks after introduction, self-injurious behavior ended. Both patients have been followed-up for more than two years and have not relapsed.
Norepinephrinergic antidepressants may increase self-injurious behavior in autistic syndromes
Authors: Krabe R , Bovier P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThere have been many contradictory reports on the effectiveness of antidepressant drug treatments in autistic syndromes with sell-injurious behavior (SIB). We report a retrospective case study in which norepinephrinergic antidepressants (inhibitors of the re-uptake of norepinephrine) increased SIB each time they were administered.
Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Verdoux H , Mury M , Bourgeois M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe association of eating disorders and bipolar disorders is less documented than the well-established association of eating disorders and unipolar depression. However, epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk for bipolar disorders, especially bipolar II, in bulimic patients. We report the case of a patient displaying such a morbid association.
Platelet serotonin decrease in panic disorder with obsessive compulsive symptoms
Authors: Servant D , Bailly D , Perret C , Vignau J , Parquet PJ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPlatelet 5-HT levels were determined by fluorescent orthophthaldehyde assay in 33 panic disorder patients with and without obsessive compulsive symptoms (PD + OCS: n = 16; PD-OCS: n = 17) according to DSM III-R criteria, and compared With those of 38 healthy controls. Mean platelet levels were significantly lower in PD + OCS than in PD-OCS patients. The results are discussed in relation to serotonergic dysfunction linked to PD and OCS comorbidity.
The thyrotropin-releasing hormone test: some statistical considerations
Authors: de Mendonca Lima CA , Vandel S , Bizouard P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFinal conclusions and data comparisons from the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test results are made difficult by differences in test implementation methods,ie, TRH different administration routes, dosages and blood sampling times. A number of statistical analyses are feasible, which may also influence test interpretation. The authors review some types of statistical analyses and suggest using the area under curve (AUC) method as a means of evaluation. The TRH test was performed before treatment and after a 5-day wash-out period, in 40 depressed patients hospitalized in the Psychiatric Unit of Besancon Teaching Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon). Variation analyses performed by peak and threshold comparison (7.0 IµU/ml) and by the AUC method (386 IµU/ml) in positive and negative patients revealed some statistical differences.
A follow-up study on anorexia nervosa: clinical features and diagnostic outcome
Authors: Santonastaso P , Pantano M , Panarotto L , Silvestri A 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThirty-one patients, 30 girls and 1 boy, who had suffered from anorexia nervosa, were re-evaluated at a minimum of 4 years (mean 7.6 years) after onset. Follow-up information was based on a semi-structured interview and 2 self-evaluation questionnaires, EAT-26 (1979) and HSCL-90 (1976). As well as using the Garfinkel and Garner criteria (1977) for assessing outcome, 2 psychiatrists independently evaluated the psychiatric state using DSM III criteria. The results demonstrated that 54.8% of the sample had a positive and 45% (including 3 deaths) a poor outcome. Of the 25 subjects interviewed, 20% presented chronic anorexia. Seventy-two percent, on the other hand, showed an evolution in clinical diagnosis, meeting the criteria for a mental disorder other than anorexia nervosa: Affective Disorders (40%), Somatoform Disorder (16%), Anxiety Disorder (12%), and Bulimia (8%). Two variables were significant, in terms of poor long-term prognosis: a larger number of hospitalizations for anorexia and an unsatisfactory educational and/or vocational adjustment at presentation.
Subjective effects of modafinil, a new central adrenergic stimulant in healthy volunteers: a comparison with amphetamine, caffeine and placebo
Authors: Warot D , Corruble E , Payan C , Weil JS , Puech AJ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe subjective, behavioral and physiological effects of modafinil (300 mg PO) a new central adrenergic stimulant, were compared with those of dextroamphetamine (15 mg PO), caffeine (300 mg PO) and placebo in a randomized double-blind cross-over study. Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in the study y: 8 males and 8 females with no history of drug abuse and moderate use of caffeine. Subjective and behavioral effects were studied using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI), Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Visual Analog Scales before and 1, 2, 4 and 8 h post single oral dosing. Results showed that subjective effects of modafinil (300 mg) differed markedly from those of dextroamphetamine (15 mg). They were close to those produced by caffeine (300 mg). These results indicate that modafinil (300 mg) does not possess amphetamine-like subjective effects in a healthy population. If subjective feelings are related to drug abuse liability, it could be assumed that modafinil, at the dose used in therapeutics, does not possess any abuse liability comparable to amphetamine.
Clonidine test and MMPI scales in major depression: state or trait markers ?
Authors: Hansenne M , Pitchot W , Gonzalez Moreno A , von Frenckell R , Ansseau M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe relationship between growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was assessed in 20 major depressive inpatients. GH response to clonidine was negatively correlated with the depression, the psychasthenia as well as the social introversion MMPI scale scores, and positively correlated with the hypomania scale scores. In contrast, the Carroll depression scale did not exhibit any relationship with either GH response to clonidine or MMPI depression scale. These findings support the role of the clonidine test and several MMPI scales as trait markers for depressive illness.
Effects of light treatment on circadian rhythmicity in seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Partonen T , Appelberg B , Kajaste S , Partinen M , Härmä M , Laitinen J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTwelve outpatients with seasonal affective disorder were treated by 1-h morning bright light exposure for 5 days. The light treatment intervention produced a significant phase advance of self-rated sleepiness rhythm, a significant decrease of the mean level of subjective sleepiness, and a significant reduction of depression scores. No significant objective circadian rhythm phase shift nor amplitude changes would account for the antidepressant effect.
The opiate system inGilles de la Tourettesyndrome: diverse effects of naltrexone treatment
Authors: Müller N , Putz A , Straube A 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe main symptoms ofGilles de la Tourettesyndrome (GTS) are motor and vocal tics, but there are also several psychiatric disturbances such as obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCD) and mutilations. The etiology and pathophysiology of this basal ganglia disorder are unknown. Though many patients benefit from therapy with dopamine antagonists, the effect is often insufficient. Therapeutic efficacy of the opiate antagonist naltrexone has been described in recent years. Ten patients (three f, seven m) with GTS were invesitgated in a seven-week, open dose-response trial, using naltrexone in doses ranging from 12.5 mg to 200 mg/day. The severity of the GTS symptoms were rated with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and theTourette SyndromeGlobal Scale (TSGS); OCD was estimated by the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). The course of tics and psychopathology was assessed by three self-report scales, and two scales rated by clinicians (Clinical Global Impression, CGI; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, BPRS). Only two patients showed improvement of the GTS. In four patients, no effect was observed, whereas the other four patients exhibited deterioration. One patient finished the complete trial, three patients dropped out because of lack of improvement, and four because of deterioration of the symptoms. Considering the mean values, no improvement of GTS could therefore be observed, and because of the unpredictable effect, the study was stopped after ten patients. Nevertheless, the effects were quite controversial. The opiate system seems to be affected only in some of the GTS patients in a clinically relevant manner, and opiate antogonists can either improve or provoke GTS symptoms. Pathophysiologically different subgroups of GTS may contribute to the controversal results.