bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of stresses in soil affected by a vibratory roller
Authors: Tyuremnov I S , Furmanov D V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Stresses in soil are a link between all parameters and operation modes of a vibratory roller and deformations at different depths of the soil. The paper presents a research technology and the results of measuring stress amplitudes in soil at depths of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5 m at different dynamic moduli of soil deformation Evd. It is established that in the surface layer (0.15 m deep) within a single loading cycle, the duration of stress buildup phase is 1.5…2 times lower than the duration of stress relief phase, and this ratio increases with compaction. Within one roller pass in the surface layer (0.15 m deep), the increase period of the amplitudes of separate stress cycles is 1.2…2 times longer than the decrease period of those, and this ratio also increases with compaction. It is established that the vibration impact of a roller, similarly to the impact loading of soil with a tamper, affects how the stresses change during the relief phase at each impact cycle. This change is the same as how the stresses change during the relief phase in a surface layer (0.15 m deep), which confirms that it is possible to apply the provisions of the dynamic theory of plasticity not only for impact, but also vibratory and vibro-impact soil compaction modes. The obtained results can be used to update and verify the existing and future mathematical models of soil compaction with vibratory rollers.
Sustainability land conversions in Tadokkong Village
Authors: Bakri R , Ali MS S , Rukmana D , Demmallino E B , Salman D , Marsuka  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Farmers are rational creatures who always consider the advantages and disadvantages of all actions taken, in this case including the land conversion by farmers. This research focused on farmers who have converted land particularly the change of garden land into paddy fields, conducted by farmers in Tadokkong Village, PInrang Regency. The main reason underlying farmers to convert land in addition to achieving economic benefits was that the plantation land to be converted is idle land. It needs action to increase the usability of the farmland. This research was conducted in Tadokkong Village, Lembang District, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. Analysis data in this study used descriptive qualitative which collecting information through interviews and questionnaires obtained from farmers. The data was processed using a Likert scale. The results of this study indicated the rationality of farmers in doing land conversion was based on effective rational actions and reasonable actions was based on values (value rational action).
An added value analysis of Pulu Mandoti rice agricultural commodities at farmers level
Authors: Amrullah A , Tenriawaru A N , Viantika N M , Darma R , Heliawaty  , Akib M N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pulu Mandoti rice is a local rice variety that has high economic value. This rice is phenomenal because it can only grow in two villages, one of which is Salukanan Village, Enrekang Regency. Having a distinctive aroma, texture, and taste makes the demand for rice even higher in the market also to foreign countries. The high demand for pulu mandoti has an impact on the selling price of these commodities to affect the income and profits of farmers. This research aims to analyze the added value of pulu mandoti to farmers who cultivate them. This research was conducted in Salukanan Village, Baraka Subdistrict, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, by using value-added calculations using the Hayami Method. Sampling was done by simple random sampling, with a total sample of 39 respondent farmers. The results showed that the added value of IDR 2,851,414, with a profit rate of 90.27%.
The social capital and innovative behaviors of the farmers in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Heliawaty  , Ali M S S , Salman D , Jamil M H , Fudjaja L , Busthanul N , Darwis  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Farmers who adopt an innovation will collaborate with other parties through the innovation information network relationship and farmers who have a wider network will easily obtain information about the innovation. Thus, they have high social capital and an opportunity to adopt innovations. This study aims to analyze the relationship between farmers’ social capital and the innovative behavior of highland farmers in Bantaeng Regency. The samples were chosen by simple random technique. The data analysis used correlation analysis of the Chi-square Test. The data were measured by a Likert Scale with the scoring of 1 and 2. The scales were constructed based on the questions of each independent variable previously determined. The results showed that there was a relationship between the elements of social capital (social networks, mutual trust, and reciprocity) with the elements of the innovative behavior of farmers (creativity and risk-taking) at various levels of significance. The social capital elements of social networks tend to show a real relationship with creativity and risk-taking (elements of innovative behavior). Farmers’ social networks in economic activities, social, and high environmental activities tend to be related to the level of creativity and level of risk-taking of farmers. Mutual trust and reciprocity social capital elements show the relationship with the element of risk-taking.
Institutional strengthening of women farmers group (KWT) in developing household food security
Authors: Rahmadanih  , Bulkis S , Amrullah A , Rukka R M , Viantika N M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Household food security and local institution still become an issue in a rural area. These research aims are: (1) describing a strengthening model that been done by Women Farmers Group (KWT) member, (2) analyzing the household food security level of KWT, and (3) developing the institutional strengthening model based on KWT potency. KWT Mekarsari is a unit of the case, involved 30 households. Qualitative data were collected by observation and in-depth interviews, while quantitative data was collected by the survey method. It was found that the institutional strengthening model that been applied by KWT Mekarsari was a supporting model. The implementation of this model had given a great contribution to increased vegetable consumption. Moreover, the average of food diversification scores obtained household classified as “mildly food insecure” (mean score 4). Actually, there were two kind of approach that can be applied for institutional strengthening based on it potency likes: (1) Capacity development model of KWT members and (2) supporting model (Facilitating) on “building productive enterprises based on local food” with some alternative activities such as business of cassava chips, chicken or duck meatball, and salted egg. These supporting ideas were integrated with training for increasing its business capacity.
Strengthening sustainable agriculture through cocoa smallholders production
Authors: Arsyad M , Nuddin A , Yusuf S , Kawamura Y , Sinaga B M , Khaerati R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture becomes crucial issue in economic development and cocoa production is one of the important pillars. The research deals with determinants of cocoa production using Path Analysis. The results show that, first, the larger cultivated land area with farm equipment, the much higher increase in cocoa productions of smallholders will be. Therefore, we may argue that the variable Cultivated Land Area with Farm Equipment (X22) is the most important variable to be considered in increasing production. Second, the more difficult access to public health center is, the less cocoa production of smallholders will gain. This implies that providing public health center closer to the smallholder residence could be considered to encourage cocoa production as a smallholders income source.
Enzymatic characterization of apple (Malus. x Domestica)
Authors: Hutabarat O S , Halbwirth H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Secondary metabolites play a major role as quality factors in horticultural products by significantly contributing to plant health, optical attributes, sensory attributes and health beneficial effects for the consumer. Dihydrochalcones, a rare class of secondary metabolites, which is, however present in particularly high amounts in apple (Malus × domestica. In apple, phloridzin (phloretin 2’-O-glucoside) is prevalent representing more than 90% of the soluble phenolic compounds, but small amounts of 3-hydroxyphloretin and 3-hydroxyphloridzin are also constitutively present. For the systematic investigation, sufficiently comprehensive knowledge of the underlying pathway is yet lacking. Two types of enzymes could catalyze the reaction, polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) and/or cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases. To test a possible involvement of the F3‘H of apple in the formation of constitutive 3-hydroxydihydrochalcones, cDNA clones of the two types of F3‘Hs present in the apple was isolated and heterologously expressed in yeast. Despite showing high F3‘H enzyme activity with various flavonoid substrates, hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones was not observed at standard conditions, indicating that F3‘H is not part of the dihydrochalcone pathway.
Predicting the impact of land-use change on soil erosion rate in Ussu sub-catchment area and sedimentation yield in Malili River
Authors: Achmad M , Samsuar S , Mubarak H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to predict the impact of land-use change in Ussu sub-catchment area during the last ten years on the rate of soil erosion and sedimentation yield in the Malili River. The USLE method was used to predict soil erosion rates in 2009 and 2015 using DEM data, Landsat 8 Image, station rainfall data, and land use. Sediment yield was determined using flow rates calculated using the spline cubic interpolation method, the SDR of the water sample was verified by the equations developed by SCS, Vanoni, Boyce and Auswald based on the suitability of the measured surrounding sub-watershed. The results show that soil erosion rates have increased in the period of 6 years. The erosion rate increased from 58,693 tons in 2009 to 155,136 tons in 2015. SDR value was obtained at 0.1894, so the potential sedimentation in the Malili River was predicted to a maximum of 1.57 cm in 2009 and 4.15 cm in 2015. Contributions of soil erosion on sedimentation have occurred as the impact of the increased deforested land around 654.8 ha.
Land suitability evaluation for clove plants in Bacan Island
Authors: Laban S , Solle M S , Ahmad A , Jayadi M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Clove is a superior crop and the main source of income for farmers in South Halmahera, especially in Bacan island. There is an increase in the clove planting area since 2013. However, clove productivity in 2017 decreased by 32% from 2013 to 2017. The factors that influence clove production are the environment and the soil condition. Clove plants to be able to grow and produce require specific growing environmental requirements. Environmental factors that influence clove plants include climate, height and type of soil. This study aims to analyze the suitability of land for clove plants on Bacan Island. Methods for collecting land resource data include primary data surveys and secondary data collection. The land suitability evaluation was carried out according to the limiting approach. The results of land suitability analysis at the subclass level in several districts in the Bacan Island for clove plants showed that the suitability of land suitability varied (S1, S2, S3, and N) between districts with limiting factors are erosion hazard and the effective depth roots.
Fuzzy set method in GIS raster to analyze the characteristics of agricultural lands
Authors: Nurmiaty  , Arif S , Baja S , Ridwan A , Rahmad D. , Sukmawati  , Lalu M S , Suryani Ida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The increasingly growing and detailed spatial data onto land resources required a precise method for the data management can be more effective. Generally, spatial data onto land resources is categorized by sharp boundary and role of every land attribute to the land suitability is equated. On the other hand, the reality of land attribute in the field varied greatly and did not have sharp boundaries also the role of each attribute towards land suitability was varying. It caused the detailed data could not be presented properly so it did not reflect the actual condition at the field. The continued approach from fuzzy set in GIS is a method that can handle such problems. This study examined land characteristics in Pangkep District using a continuous fuzzy set approach from GIS raster. The research was conducted by using exploratory method (field survey and laboratory analysis) for the review scale. The results were then analyzed using the Semantic Import Model (SIM) fuzzy set method of GIS raster. The considered value of the attribute was converted into a general membership value (0 to 1.0), according to class limits that were determined by the Agricultural Research and Development Agency criteria (2011) adapted from the FAO criteria (1976) for planned land use. The results of land characteristic analysis by continuous fuzzy set approach were divided into three groups i.e. 1) climate characteristics: rainfall, temperature, and dry month, 2) physical characteristics of soil: slope, texture, surface rock, soil depth, soil drainage, erosion hazard, and flood hazard, and 3) soil fertility characteristics: Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), soil acidity, organic C, and salinity. The index value of each land characteristic varied from 0 (minimum) to 1.0 (maximum), according to the prospective of each land characteristics for planned land use. The results are presented in a detailed raster GIS form so it is very effective to inform and represent the actual field conditions.
Carbon stock analysis of some cocoa planting systems in climate change mitigation efforts in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Faradilla L , Mustari K , Asrul L , Kaimuddin  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Global warming is very closely related to carbon stored in an ecosystem. This research aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage in cocoa plantations in East Luwu Regency. The research was carried out in cacao plantation in three districts namely Burau, Wotu and Mangkutana. Measurement of carbon storage was conducted using the allometric formula on an observation plot of 200 m2. Six sampling points were selected consisted of four location with shading trees planted in multistrata agroforestry planting system and two locations with a monoculture planting system. The results of measurements on cocoa plants show that carbon storage increased with the variety of plant species that exist in the cocoa farm. The size of the carbon stocks depends on the planting system. Cacao plantation with multistrata shades system showed carbon absorption of 148.92 tons/Ha that was greater than the amount of carbon absorption in cocoa plantation with monoculture shades system of 50.24 tons/Ha. The level of carbon uptake in East Luwu Regency is 33.19 tons C/Ha. The amount of carbon emissions absorbed is 57.46 t/Ha. CO2 content with the composition of existing land cover in East Luwu Regency is 121.81 tons CO2/Ha.
Utilization of local aromatic rice Endophytic fungi to promote the growth and yield of rice plant in drought stress conditions
Authors: Syamsia S , Kadir M , Idham A , Noerfitryani N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Drought is one of the major constraints in rice production in the rainfed areas. Water shortages due to long drought are the main problem causing the decline in rice productivity. One effort that can be done to overcome the drought is the use of endophytic fungi. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of local aromatic rice endophytic fungi on growth and production of rice in limited water conditions. This study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four treatments of field inundation combined with the fungi. Treatment were consisted of four levels: inundation with water level of 5 cm, inundation with water level of 1 cm, inundation with water level of 5 cm + endophytic fungi, and inundation with water level of 1 cm + endophytic fungi. Rice seedlings were planted using Legowo 4 : 1 with the distance within rows of 25 cm x 25 cm and the distance between rows of 50 cm. The results show that the application of endophytic fungi produced plant height, tiller number, root length, root weight, number of filled grains and production per hectare were higher and significantly different from the treatment without application of endophytic fungi. This shows that endophytic fungi promote the growth and production of rice in limited water conditions.
Flowering of Chrysanthemum sp. in pot at various concentrations of corn extract and paclobutrazol
Authors: Ulfa F , Haring F , Kanisa M , Amin A R , Kasim N , M Farid BDR 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of application of corn extract and paclobutrazol on the flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp) in pots. The research was carried out in a plastic house, Pattapang Village, Tinggi Moncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to October 2015. The research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial using a randomized block design. The first factor was the concentration of corn extract consisted of 0, 50 mL L−1, 100 mL L−1, and 150 mL L−1. The second factor was paclobutrazol with a concentration consisted of 0, 30 mL L−1, 60 mL L−1. The results show that application of paclobutrazol 60 mL L−1 gave the shortest stalk length (4.40 cm) and the longest vase life (23.08 days).
Modified vegetables extract as substitution of v8-juice medium for cultivation of Phytophthora spp
Authors: Hardina N , Kuswinanti T , Baharuddin  
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Phytophthora species is a pathogen that causes rot on plant parts both on roots, stems, leaves and fruit. One obstacle in investigating the mechanism of infection and virulence testing of Phytophthora palmivora is to obtain suitable media for its growth. The purpose of this research was to study the suitability of modified vegetables extract as substitution of V8 juice for growth medium of Phytopthora spp. This research consisted of several stages, which were, preparation of V8-Juice medium and vegetable medium, isolation of P. palmivora and P. colocasia from infected cacao pod and taro, and observation of P. palmivora and P. colocasiae by their morphological characters. The results showed that this medium was effective for cultivation of P. palmivora and P. colocasiae. There was no morphological difference was observed in the growth of P. palmivora both on V8-Juice medium and on vegetable extract medium. The appearance of hyphal swelling and characteristics of sporangium, oospore, chlamydospore and zoospore observed have the same characteristics in both types of media used. Modified vegetable media was also effective for cultivation of taro leaf blight pathogen P. colocasiae.
Application of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in rice seed and its effect on mortality of green leaf hopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Abdullah T , Kuswinanti T , Nurariaty A , Daud I D , Nasruddin A , Risal R , Utami S , Tuwo M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The use of synthetic chemical insecticides in controlling rice pest insects has various negative impacts. Chemical insecticides can stimulate pest resistance, the emergence of secondary pests, killing of useful organisms and natural enemies, and contamination of residues in food, soil and water. Another potential effective control alternative is the use of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). The effectiveness of B. bassiana application by spraying on plants or pests directly, can decrease due to the influence of high temperatures, low humidity, and exposure to ultra violet light. The study of the application of B. bassiana by treatment of rice seeds was carried out to determine the cumulative mortality of green leaf hopper, which was carried out in two-time periods at the Bioecology Laboratory for Natural Pests and Enemies, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The first series of studies used B. bassiana collection culture of Bioecology Laboratory, and the second series used the commercially available B. bassiana formulation. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with each of the 4 treatments and 5 replications was used in this study. The results showed that, coating or soaking rice seeds with entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana was able to cause mortality to green leafhoppers. Although the mortality is lower than spraying on rice plants or penetrating the body of green leafhoppers, however, with the covering or soaking rice seeds, the mortality of green leafhoppers is significantly higher than control without the application of B. bassiana. This indicates basic potential that requires a study for development of rice seed coating and immersion techniques to increase its effectiveness in controlling green leafhoppers.
Gorontalo local rice plant response which planted with the lowland system and upland system
Authors: Buri N , Riadi M , Dungga N E , Hipi A , Mantau Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The development of upland rice cultivation is a strategic effort to support and increase national rice production. Local superior cultivars have long been cultivated by farmers through generations through various efforts and instincts in their possession by utilizing genetic diversity to obtain superior characters and adapt well to local agro-ecology. The research aims to obtain Gorontalo local rice genotypes that can grow and produce both on upland and lowland fields. The study was conducted in Bulotalangi Village, East Bulango Subdistrict, Bonebolango District, Gorontalo Province. Located at an altitude of 80 m above sea level, an average rainfall of 1,485 mm per year, soil texture of sandy loam and pH of 5.5. The research was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. This study used a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of 10 genotype treatments namely Situbagendit, Pulo Putih, Maraya, Bokungo, Monu Genja, Buruna, Yenti, Boleyara, Ponda and Bolotonu. The results show that the adaptive genotype grew and had a high and good production to be developed in the upland and paddy fields, namely the Maraya genotype (4.10 tons.ha−1), the Situbagendit genotype (3.73 tons.ha−1), the Yenti genotype (4.10 tons.ha−1) 3.26 tons.ha−1), and Bolotonu genotype (3.08 tons.ha−1).
The capability of Trichoderma asperellum in suppressing vascular streak diseases on five different cocoa clones
Authors: Nurlaila N , Rosmana A , Dewi V S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Trichoderma asperellum is a potential biocontrol agent against vascular streak dieback disease (VSD) on cocoa. In this research, we evaluated the suppress capacity of the fungus combined with composted plant residues against the VSD disease on five cocoa clones: S1, MCC 02, AP, THR, and RB. According to VSD development observed in six months, Sulawesi 1 was considered as less sensitive, MCC 02 was moderate resistant, AP was resistant, THR was susceptible, and RB was moderate resistant. The disease incidence on these five clones was 32.9%, 31.0%, 27.9%, 39.9%, and 26.6%, respectively three months post-application and each of this incidence were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) with the control. While, the efficacy of application was 60.1%, 55.2%, 49.9%, 75.6%, and 37,6%, respectively. These data indicated that capability of T. asperellum in suppressing VSD disease depends on the clone and lowest on the resistant clone.