bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Large-Eddy Simulation Study on the Diurnally Evolving Nonlinear Trapped Lee Waves over a Two-Dimensional Steep Mountain
Authors: Xue Haile , Giorgetta Marco A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe diurnally evolving trapped lee wave over a small-scale two-dimensional steep mountain is investigated in large-eddy simulations based on a fully compressible and nonhydrostatic model [Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON)] with triangular grids of 50-m-edge length. An idealized atmospheric profile derived from a realistic case is designed to account for influences from the stagnant layer near the surface, the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the upper-level jet. First, simulations were done to bridge from the linear regime to the nonlinear regime by increasing the mountain height, which showed that larger-amplitude lee waves with longer wavelength can be produced in the nonlinear regime than in the linear regime. Second, the effects of the stagnant layer near the surface and the ABL stability were explored, which showed that the stagnant layer or the stable ABL can play a similar wave-absorbing role in the nonlinear regime as in linear theories or simulations. Third, the role of the upper-level jet was explored, indicating that a stronger (weaker) upper-level jet can help to produce longer (shorter) lee waves. The stable ABL with a stagnant layer can more (less) efficiently absorb the longer (shorter) lee waves due to the stronger (weaker) jet, so that the wave response is more sensitive to the wave-absorption layer when an upper-level jet is present. Finally, the momentum budget was analyzed to explore the interaction between the upper and lower levels of the troposphere, which showed that the momentum flux due to the upward-propagating waves and trapped waves varies with the upper-level jet strength and low-level stagnancy and ABL stability.
Real-Time Identification of Equatorial Waves and Evaluation of Waves in Global Forecasts
Authors: Yang Gui-Ying , Ferrett Samantha , Woolnough Steve , Methven John , Holloway Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel technique is developed to identify equatorial waves in analyses and forecasts. In a real-time operational context, it is not possible to apply a frequency filter based on a wide centered time window due to the lack of future data. Therefore, equatorial wave identification is performed based primarily on spatial projection onto wave mode horizontal structures. Spatial projection alone cannot distinguish eastward- from westward-moving waves, so a broadband frequency filter is also applied. The novelty in the real-time technique is to off-center the time window needed for frequency filtering, using forecasts to extend the window beyond the current analysis. The quality of this equatorial wave diagnosis is evaluated. First, the “edge effect” arising because the analysis is near the end of the filter time window is assessed. Second, the impact of using forecasts to extend the window beyond the current date is quantified. Both impacts are shown to be small referenced to wave diagnosis based on a centered time window of reanalysis data. The technique is used to evaluate the skill of the Met Office forecast system in 2015–18. Global forecasts exhibit substantial skill (correlation > 0.6) in equatorial waves, to at least day 4 for Kelvin waves and day 6 for westward mixed Rossby–gravity (WMRG), and meridional mode number n = 1 and n = 2 Rossby waves. A local wave phase diagram is introduced that is useful to visualize and validate wave forecasts. It shows that in the model Kelvin waves systematically propagate too fast, and there is a 25% underestimate of amplitude in Kelvin and WMRG waves over the central Pacific.
Measures of financial burden for families dealing with serious illness: A systematic review and analysis
Authors: Lee Joonyup , Cagle John G 
Published: December 2020

Background: Many families coping with serious illness report experiencing financial burden, which negatively impacts coping and quality of life. Financial burden, however, is a complex construct that has been inconsistently operationalized in the literature. Aim: To review the available literature to identify, and describe the properties of, measurement tools or scales used to assess financial burden, including financial stress and strain, for families dealing with serious illness. Design: A systematic review. Data sources: Six databases were searched for articles published between 2006 and 2020. The review included studies in English, that reported empirical data, and used at least one measure of financial burden. To obtain a full copy of measures, an environmental scan was conducted. Results: A total of 31 measures were included. Only five of the total were designed for patient self-report, 23 of the total were designed for caregiver report. Whereas 11 measures relied on a single-item, 17 were multi-item. The remaining measures provided no information about target population and items. The most popular measures—based on Google Scholar citations—tended to only include one financial burden item. Given the complexity of financial burden, and its subjective and objective aspects, the utility of these single item measures remains questionable. Also, although patients may experience financial burden, there is a lack of patient-reported measures. Conclusion: To measure financial burden, we identified a need to develop and test multi-item measures, measures appropriate for patient populations and greater attention to the temporal aspects of self-report assessments.
MicroRNA-195 predicts olanzapine response in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Xinxin , Bao Chenxi , Lv Qinyu , Zhao Jing , Hu Guoqin , Wu Haisu , Li Zezhi , Yi Zhenghui 
Published: December 2020

Background: Disturbances of microRNA-195 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, microRNA-195 levels in schizophrenia are controversial. Aims: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine microRNA-195 levels in untreated schizophrenia patients and their relationship to olanzapine response. Methods: We recruited 81 untreated schizophrenia patients and 96 healthy controls. The patients received 2 months olanzapine treatment. MicroRNA-195 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction testing. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: No significant differences in microRNA-195 levels were found between patients and healthy controls ( p > 0.05). Olanzapine significantly reduced microRNA-195 levels after 2 months treatment ( p = 0.003). Interestingly, microRNA-195 levels decreased significantly in responders ( p = 0.010), but not in non-responders ( p > 0.05). Both baseline microRNA-195 levels ( p = 0.027, p = 0.030) and the reduction rate of microRNA-195 levels ( p = 0.034, p = 0.044) were positively associated with the reduction rate of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and general psychopathological subscale score. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that baseline microRNA-195 level was an independent contributor to the reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and the general psychopathological subscale score ( p = 0.018, p = 0.030). Finally, logistic regression analysis suggested that baseline microRNA-195 level can serve as a biomarker for response to olanzapine ( p = 0.037). Conclusions: Our data indicate that microRNA-195 level may predict symptomatic improvement and olanzapine response in schizophrenia patients, suggesting that microRNA-195 should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for antipsychotics.
Presynaptic vesicular accumulation is required for antipsychotic efficacy in psychotic-like rats
Authors: Uzuneser Taygun C , Weiss Eva-Maria , Dahlmanns Jana , Kalinichenko Liubov S , Amato Davide , Kornhuber Johannes , Alzheimer Christian , Hellmann Jan , Kaindl Jonas , Hübner Harald , Löber Stefan , Gmeiner Peter , Grömer Teja W , Müller Christian P 
Published: December 2020

Background: The therapeutic effects of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are mainly attributed to their postsynaptic inhibitory functions on the dopamine D2 receptor, which, however, cannot explain the delayed onset of full therapeutic efficacy. It was previously shown that APDs accumulate in presynaptic vesicles during chronic treatment and are released like neurotransmitters in an activity-dependent manner triggering an auto-inhibitory feedback mechanism. Although closely mirroring therapeutic action onset, the functional consequence of the APD accumulation process remained unclear. Aims: Here we tested whether the accumulation of the APD haloperidol (HAL) is required for full therapeutic action in psychotic-like rats. Methods: We designed a HAL analog compound (HAL-F), which lacks the accumulation property of HAL, but retains its postsynaptic inhibitory action on dopamine D2 receptors. Results/outcomes: By perfusing LysoTracker fluorophore-stained cultured hippocampal neurons, we confirmed the accumulation of HAL and the non-accumulation of HAL-F. In an amphetamine hypersensitization psychosis-like model in rats, we found that subchronic intracerebroventricularly delivered HAL (0.1 mg/kg/day), but not HAL-F (0.3–1.5 mg/kg/day), attenuates psychotic-like behavior in rats. Conclusions/interpretation: These findings suggest the presynaptic accumulation of HAL may serve as an essential prerequisite for its full antipsychotic action and may explain the time course of APD action. Targeting accumulation properties of APDs may, thus, become a new strategy to improve APD action.
Video-Assisted Modified Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract, an Integration of 2 Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Parks Type II Anal Fistulas
Authors: Wu Yi-Feng , Zheng Bi-Chun , Chen Quan , Chen Xu-Dong , Ye Shao-Shun , Lin Qiao-Yun , Ye Neng-Hong , Rong Fang 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Complex anal fistula (CAF) is a challenging anorectal condition. Although numerous treatments for its management have been proposed, none is ideal. Herein, we investigated the clinical efficacy of video-assisted modified ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) in comparison with the incision-thread-drawing procedure for Parks type II anal fistulas. Methods. Male and female adult patients with Parks type II anal fistula who were randomized to receive one of two procedures in the Anorectal Surgery Unit of the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University: video-assisted modified LIFT (test group, 30 cases) or incision thread drawing (control group, 30 cases). Healing and recurrence, postoperative pain, and postoperative autonomous anal control ability were compared. Results. In the test group, the pain scores were significantly lower ( P = .001) and wound healing was faster ( P = .001). However, there were no marked differences between groups in operative efficacy or postoperative infection rate (all P > .05). We followed all the patients for more than 18 months, with the test group having lower Jorge–Wexner incontinence ( P = .005) and fecal incontinence (FI) severity index ( P = .000) scores. No significant difference in recurrence ( χ2 = .351, P = .554) or healing ( χ2 = 1.071, P = .301) rate was found between the 2 groups. Conclusions. We established that video-assisted modified LIFT is superior in repairing Parks type II anal fistulas, with less trauma, quicker recovery, and better anal function.
The missing acute coronary syndromes in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Ruparelia Neil , Panoulas Vasileios 
Published: December 2020

Aims: To determine whether the number of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes has reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Numbers of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) activations, ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMIs) in a large tertiary Greater London centre and a large district general hospital, both of which have on-site heart attack centres, were collected. We compared the number of PPCI activations, STEMI, NSTEMIs and all MIs prior to the COVID-19 era (January to third week of February 2020), after the start of some COVID-19 restrictions taking place (fourth week of February 2020) and after formal instruction by the United Kingdom Government that all citizens were to observe strict social distancing measures (20 March 2020). We further obtained data for the corresponding weekly figures from 2019. Results: The average weekly figure of all myocardial infarction in 2020, prior to the COVID-19 social distancing restrictions/awareness in the UK (beginning of January to third week of February), did not differ when compared with corresponding weeks in 2019 (23.3 ± 5.4 in 2019 versus 21.13 ± 3.5, p = 0.411). With increased media reporting and associated public awareness of the threat of COVID-19 (last week of February), there was a significant reduction in all myocardial infarction (27.1 ± 4.7 in 2019 versus 15.9 ± 3.6 in 2020, p < 0.001). Following official governmental instruction that mandated strict social distancing and the ‘stay at home’ campaign, the weekly figures of STEMI (15 ± 3.5 in 2019 versus 10 ± 4.4 in 2020, p = 0.013), NSTEMI (13 ± 2.6 in 2019 versus 4.7 ± 2.3 in 2020, p = 0.038) and all myocardial infarction (28 ± 6.1 in 2019 versus 14.7 ± 5.7 in 2020, p = 0.008) have remained significantly reduced. Conclusion: We have observed an unexpected major decline in presentations (and treatment) of the entire spectrum of acute coronary syndromes following the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide public-health measures that have promoted the importance of strict social distancing and self-quarantine.
An analysis of the incidence, causes and preventative approaches to gram-negative bloodstream infections of hepatopancreatobiliary origin
Authors: Majeed Mustafa , Ward Harry , Wade Cian , Butcher Lisa , Soonawalla Zahir , Bond-Smith Giles 
Published: December 2020

Background: Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GNBSI) is a threat to public health in terms of mortality and antibiotic resistance. The hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cohort accounts for 15%–20% of GNBSI, yet few strategies have been explored to reduce HPB GNBSI. Aim: To identify clinical factors contributing to HPB GNBSI and strategies for its prevention. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 433 cases of HPB GNBSI presenting to four hospitals between April 2015 and May 2019. We extracted key data from hospital and primary care records including: the underlying source of GNBSI; previous documentation of biliary disease; and any previous surgical or non-surgical management. Findings: Out of 433 cases of HPB GNBSI, 388 had clear evidence of HPB origin. The source of GNBSI was related to gallstone disease in 282 of the 388 cases (73%) and to HPB malignancy in 70 cases (18%). Of the gallstone-related cases, 117 had previously been diagnosed with symptomatic gallstones. Of the 117 with a previous presentation, 93 could have been prevented with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the first presentation of gallstones, while 18 could have been prevented if intraoperative biliary tract imaging had been performed during a prior cholecystectomy. Of the 70 malignant cases, five could have been prevented through earlier biliary stenting, use of metal stents instead of plastic stents or earlier pancreaticoduodenectomy. Discussion: The incidence of HPB GNBSI could be reduced by up to 30% by the implementation of alternative management strategies in this cohort.
Has the modern design of Attune total knee replacement improved outcome in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis?
Authors: Ashraf Yasir , Iqbal Hafiz Javaid , Senevirathana Shanaka , Ashraf Tanweer 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Modern knee replacements aim to improve patient function in arthritis affecting different compartments of the knee. This study evaluates the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) and functional outcome of a modern total knee replacement (Attune, DePuy) in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with isolated unilateral patellofemoral arthritis having had Attune total knee replacements at a single institution between 2010 and 2016 were prospectively studied. Five patients who developed symptoms on the opposite side during the study and two patients lost to follow-up were excluded. One patient needed early revision for loosening, leaving a total of 42 patients to be followed up over a period of 4 years. The Oxford Knee score (OKS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) recorded pre-operatively and at follow-up was compared. A Functional assessment at around 8 months after operation was undertaken. Results: At average follow-up of 24 months the mean OKS score improved by 15 points and the KOOS score improved by 20 points. Final KOOS sub-score for Pain was 80, Symptom 80, and ADL 82, Sports & Recreation 32 and QOL 60. Functional assessment at mean 8 months showed that a significant number of patients were able to Kneel (50%); Sit cross legged (23%); sit on their heel (23%) and were able do a single leg dip test (86%). Conclusion: This unique study of a modern design total knee replacement (Attune) in patients with isolated unilateral patellofemoral arthritis shows good PROM scores at 2 years and good functional assessment results at 8 months. The PROM scores are marginally better than the published results with Attune’s predecessor, in a similar cohort of patients, but falls short of the published results of patellofemoral replacement implants. Large randomised comparative studies between traditional and the modern implant design is recommended to answer the question if design modification has influenced clinical outcome in patients with patellofemoral arthritis.
Self-Esteem Assessment among Adolescents Living with HIV and Seeking Healthcare at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital-Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Ebenezer Opambour , Dapaah Jonathan Mensah , Osei Francis Adjei , Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw , Mensah Nicholas Karikari , Odoom Samuel Frimpong , Owusu-Ansah Micheal , Martyn-Dickens Charles 
Published: December 2020

Background: This study assessed the predictors of self-esteem among Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV) in Ghana seeking healthcare at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed in sampling 139 adolescents using a purposive sampling technique. Rosenberg’s rating scale was used in assessing the self-esteem of the participants. Results: A total of 139 adolescents made up of 78 (56.12%) females and 61 (43.88%) males were recruited. Low self-esteem was reported among 66 (47.00%) of the adolescents. Adolescents aged 17-19 years (aOR = 2.97, 95%CI = 1.34-6.56, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with low self-esteem. Conclusion: The occurrence of low self-esteem among ALHIV was high and more pronounced among those in age cohorts of 17 to 19 years. Social support interventions designed which includes psychosocial support, life skills training, and avenue for discussing sexual and reproductive health matters could improve self-esteem.
Galeaclolusite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4]⋅8H2O, a new bulachite-related mineral from Cap Garonne, France
Authors: Grey Ian E. , Favreau George , Mills Stuart J. , Mumme W. Gus , Bougerol Catherine , Brand Helen E.A. , Kampf Anthony R. , MacRae Colin M. , Shanks Finlay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGaleaclolusite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4]⋅8H2O, is a new secondary hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from Cap Garonne, Var, France. It forms crusts and spheroids of white fibres up to 50 μm long by 0.4 μm wide and only 0.1 μm thick. The fibres are elongated along [001] and flattened on (100). The calculated density is 2.27 g⋅cm–3. Optically, galeaclolusite is biaxial with α = 1.550(5), β not determined, γ = 1.570(5) (white light) and partial orientation: Z = c (fibre axis). Electron microprobe analyses coupled with crystal structure refinement results gives an empirical formula based on 33 O atoms of Al5.72Si0.08As2.88O33H34.12. Galeaclolusite is orthorhombic, Pnma, with a = 19.855(4), b = 17.6933(11), c = 7.7799(5) Å, V = 2733.0(7) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of galeaclolusite was established from its close relationship to bulachite and refined using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. It is based on heteropolyhedral layers, parallel to (100), of composition Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 and with H-bonded H2O between the layers. The layers contain [001] spiral chains of edge-shared octahedra, decorated with corner-connected AsO4 tetrahedra, that are the same as in the mineral liskeardite.
microRNA-199a-5p regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic cataract by targeting SP1 gene
Authors: Liu Xin , Gong Qiaoyun , Yang Longfei , Liu Min , Niu Lingzhi , Wang Lufei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
As a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cataract is becoming a leading cause of visual impairment. The progression of diabetic cataract progression involves epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the precise role of which remains to be investigated. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, identification of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in diabetic lens epithelial cells (LECs) and their targets may provide insights into our understanding of diabetic cataract and potential therapeutic targets.

Methods
Diabetic cataract capsules and LECs exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L, 1–5 days) were used to mimic the model. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the differential expression of miRNA. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the binding target of miR-199a-5p. The expression of EMT-associated proteins was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.

Results
Our results showed the differential expression of miR-9, -16, -22, -199a and -204. MiR-199a was downregulated in diabetic cataract capsule and hyperglycemia-conditioned human LECs. Specific protein 1 could be directly targeted and regulated by miR-199a in LECs and inhibit EMT in diabetic LECs.

Conclusion
Our findings implied miR-199a could be a therapeutic target by regulating SP1 directly to affect EMT in diabetic cataract and provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract.
Flow Control for a Two-Stage Proportional Valve with Hydraulic Position Feedback
Authors: Wang He , Wang Xiaohu , Huang Jiahai , Quan Long 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current research mainly focuses on the flow control for the two-stage proportional valve with hydraulic position feedback which is named as Valvistor valve. Essentially, the Valvistor valve is a proportional throttle valve and the flow fluctuates with the change of load pressure. The flow fluctuation severely restricts the application of the Valvistor valve. In this paper, a novel flow control method the Valvistor valve is provided to suppress the flow fluctuation and develop a high performance proportional flow valve. The mathematical model of this valve is established and linearized. Fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is adopted in the closed-loop flow control system. The feedback is obtained by the flow inference with back-propagation neural network (BPNN) based on the spool displacement in the pilot stage and the pressure differential across the main orifice. The results show that inference with BPNN can obtain the flow data fast and accurately. With the flow control method, the flow can keep at the set point when the pressure differential across the main orifice changes. The flow control method is effective and the Valvistor valve changes from proportional throttle valve to proportional flow valve. For the developed proportional flow valve, the settling time of the flow is very short when the load pressure changes abruptly. The performances of hysteresis, linearity and bandwidth are in a high range. The linear mathematical model can be verified and the assumptions in the system modeling is reasonable.