bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of climate variability on water footprint components of rainfed wheat and barley in the Qazvin province of Iran*
Authors: Nazari Rasta , Ramezani Etedali Hadi , Nazari Bijan , Collins Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to shortage of precipitation, rainfed farming in Iran is facing numerous challenges. Understanding the impact of climate variables on the production of rainfed crops in each region is of utmost importance for dry farming. Based on 11‐year (2004–2015) data from synoptic stations in the Qazvin province of Iran, a comprehensive simulation analysis was conducted with AquaCrop‐GIS to study the yield and the green and grey water footprint (WF) of the main rainfed crops (wheat and barley) along with the correlation of the target variables (yield and WF components) with the selected climate variables. Based on the estimated values of green and grey WFs, planting of rainfed wheat and barley at Qazvin and Moalem Kalayeh stations with lower total WF will be more beneficial than at other stations. Regression analysis showed that at most stations, reference evapotranspiration had a direct effect on wheat total WF (TWF), while precipitation has a positive effect on barley TWF at Qazvin and Moalem Kalayeh. The regression equation of barley green WF at the Qazvin station showed the highest correlation with climate variables (R2 = 0.98). TWF of wheat and barley at Buin Zahra had the highest correlation with climate variables (R2 = 0.73 and 0.85, respectively). Finally, it was concluded that in arid regions, the variability in TWF of rainfed products is greatly influenced by spatio‐temporal variations of climate variables. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nephrology practice and research network opinion paper: Pharmacists' perspectives on the Advancing American Kidney Health initiative
Authors: Meaney Calvin J. , Manley Harold J. , Pai Amy Barton , Battistella Marisa , Hudson Joanna Q. , St. Peter Wendy L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for clinically significant medication therapy problems (MTPs) due primarily to the complex pharmacotherapy prescribed by numerous providers, and the significant changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many medications due to their kidney disease. While MTPs are well recognized, pharmacists are not routinely involved in the health care teams that provide care for patients with CKD. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative was announced in July 2019 and is poised to shift models of care in nephrology toward value‐based payment. This represents an opportunity for pharmacists to integrate into teams to improve quality of care and outcomes for patients with CKD. Pharmacists should engage in medication reconciliation, transitions of care, and medication‐focused kidney disease education programs within a comprehensive medication management (CMM) framework to optimize pharmacotherapy outcomes. To implement these services, pharmacists need to utilize certified pharmacy technicians, telehealth, interprofessional skills, and other tools in innovative ways. Current models of successful practice from Canada can serve as a template for United States‐based nephrology pharmacy practice. In this opinion paper, we characterize the current state of nephrology practice and identify significant opportunities for advancement. We propose metrics to evaluate pharmacy services and a framework for key stakeholder engagement which will be critical to advance the profession of pharmacy within nephrology. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative offers a distinct opportunity to demonstrate the value of CMM provided by pharmacists in the nephrology arena to optimize patient care.
Label‐free discrimination and selection of cancer cells from blood during flow using holography‐induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Dudaie Matan , Nissim Noga , Barnea Itay , Gerling Tobias , Duschl Claus , Kirschbaum Michael , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a method for label‐free imaging and sorting of cancer cells in blood, which is based on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip and label‐free interferometric phase microscopy. The chip used for imaging has been embedded with dielectrophoretic electrodes, and therefore it can be used to sort the cells based on the decisions obtained during the cell flow by the label‐free quantitative imaging method. Hence, we obtained a real‐time, automatic, label‐free imaging flow cytometry with the ability to sort the cells during flow. To validate our model, we combined into the label‐free imaging interferometer a fluorescence imaging channel that indicated the correctness of the label‐free sorting. We have achieved above 98% classification success and 69% sorting accuracy at flow rates of 4 to 7 μL hr−1. In the future, this method is expected to help in label‐free sorting of circulating tumor cells in blood following an initial state‐of‐the‐art cell enrichment.
Financial inadequacy and the disadvantageous changes in time perspective and goal‐striving strategies throughout life
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ren , Ford Michael T. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAs inequality in wealth and income continues to grow, it is important to consider the implications of financial disparities for worker motivation and behavior. While workers with socioeconomic disadvantages have a decreased chance of career success and upward social mobility, the potential mechanisms linking financial status to work motivation outcomes are not fully known. Drawing on theory on resource scarcity, we address this issue and propose that financial inadequacy shapes the extent to which workers consider and plan for the future, with consequences for goal‐striving strategies throughout adulthood. Latent change analyses of data from a heterogeneous sample of 4,446 working adults largely supported the hypotheses. Results showed that a high level of financial inadequacy predicted increases in short‐term time horizon and decreases in future‐oriented planning, which then predicted disadvantageous changes in goal‐striving strategies over an 18‐year period. Short‐term time horizon also predicted subsequent increases in financial inadequacy. By highlighting the motivational challenges associated with inadequate finances that accompany low‐wage employment, our study offers evidence for the motivational mechanisms that may reinforce economic inequality and social mobility in the workforce.
Raccoon Pelt Price and Trapper Harvest Relationships Are Temporally Inconsistent
Authors: Bauder Javan M. , Stodola Kirk W. , Benson Thomas J. , Miller Craig A. , Allen Maximilian L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTTrapping data have a long and rich history of use in monitoring furbearer populations in North America but understanding the influences of variation in trapper harvest is important. Many factors besides abundance can cause variation in trapper harvest, including socioeconomics, weather, and motivation. The relationships between these extrinsic factors and trapper harvest may change temporally, which may obscure the causal understanding of variation in trapper harvest. We tested for changes in the relationships between pelt price and trapper numbers, and pelt price and harvest per trapper for raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Illinois, USA, from 1976–2018 while controlling for other socioeconomic (gasoline price, unemployment) and weather (temp, snow depth) factors. The annual raccoon harvest showed no clear trend, whereas the number of raccoon trappers declined markedly from approximately 1976–1990 in conjunction with pelt prices, after which the number of trappers remained relatively stable and were not significantly affected by pelt price. In contrast, harvest per trapper increased markedly during the 1990s and showed a significant negative relationship with pelt price pre‐1990 but a positive relationship post‐1990. We propose that declines in pelt prices resulted in a loss of less experienced or economically incentivized trappers, whereas contemporary trappers may continue trapping primarily for non‐economic reasons. Our study highlights the potential for using non‐linear relationships between trapper harvest data and socioeconomic covariates to help understand the influences of temporal variation in trapper harvest data. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Diet and Prey Selection of Dholes in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests of Southeast Asia
Authors: Kamler Jan F. , Thatdokkham Khamtai , Rostro‐García Susana , Bousa Anita , Caragiulo Anthony , Crouthers Rachel , In Visattha , Pay Chen , Pin Chanratana , Prum Sovanna , Vongkhamheng Chantavy , Johnson Arlyne , Macdonald David W. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTEndangered dholes (Cuon alpinus) are restricted to small and declining populations in Southeast Asia, and little is known about how their ecology differs within the region. We used DNA‐confirmed scats and prey surveys to determine the seasonal diet and prey selection of dholes in 2 different landscapes that dominate Southeast Asia: closed evergreen forests in hilly terrain in northern Laos, and open deciduous forests in relatively flat terrain in eastern Cambodia. On both sites, muntjac (Muntiacus spp.; 20–28 kg) was the dominant prey item and was selectively consumed over other ungulates in all seasons. Our findings differ from previous conclusions, based largely on studies from India, that the preferred prey weight range of dholes was either 40–60 kg or 130–190 kg. Other important prey were sambar (Rusa unicolor) in Laos, and wild pig (Sus scrofa) and banteng (Bos javanicus) in Cambodia. Seasonal differences in overall diet occurred in Laos, but not Cambodia, primarily because of an increase in livestock consumption. The mean number of dhole scats in group defecation sites was higher in Cambodia (5.9 ± 0.5 [SE]) than Laos (2.4 ± 0.2), suggesting pack sizes were larger in Cambodia. Our results suggest that regardless of land cover type, prey diversity, or pack size, the management of muntjac will be important for conserving dhole populations in Southeast Asia. In Laos, we recommend that local villagers remove livestock from the protected area during the hot‐dry season to reduce livestock predation by dholes. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Straw management stabilizes the chemical composition ofSoil Organic Carbon (SOC): the relationship with aggregate‐associated C in a rice‐rape cropping system
Authors: Kubar Kashif Ali , Huang Li , Xue Bin , Li Xiaokun , Lu Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil organic matter stored in soil aggregate fractions is a major soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization process. The distribution of SOC within soil aggregate fractions and their association with SOC chemical compounds in the agroecosystem is not well understood. Our long‐term study (6 and 9 years) in central China examined the effects of tillage and straw management practices on chemical functional components of SOC, SOC contents of soil aggregates, and the relationship of the SOC composition with aggregate‐associated C in a rice‐rape cropping system. The soil samples from 2 sites were separated into six aggregate classes (>5, 5–2, 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25, and <0.25 mm) by a wet‐sieving method. Chemical composition of SOC was assessed by CPMAS13C NMR, FTIR and SEM techniques. Among all chemical components of the SOC, O‐alkyl C was the most important C type, which increased (about 54–110%) at both our sites, although aromatic C increased (about 30%) and carbonyl C decreased at one site ‐ Jingzhou after straw was returned. While, aromatic, carboxylic, aliphatic and amide components were stabilized after straw return. Alkyl C and O‐alkyl C ratio were enhanced after straw return but the aromaticity index and hydrophobicity index altered in the studied sites. Among all defined aggregates, approximately 10–18% of SOC was stored in >5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm aggregates and 5–10% was stored in other aggregate fractions (1–0.5 mm, 0.5–0.25 mm and <0.25 mm) after straw return. SOC Chemical components were positively and negatively correlated with aggregate‐associated C fractions. This study concluded that straw management improved the chemical composition of SOC and increased the SOC contents of bulk soil as well as helped store more organic matter in macroaggregates.
A wider influence: The impact of formal humanitarian otology training on otology‐neurotology fellows
Authors: Maxwell Anne K. , Wilkinson Eric P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesLong‐term commitment to humanitarian surgical outreach requires the opportunity, resources, and time to participate, but perhaps more importantly, it requires a preceding successful outreach experience. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) expects physician trainees to achieve six Core Competencies: patient care, medical knowledge, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, practice‐based learning and improvement, and systems‐based practice. This study investigates the challenges and benefits of a supervised humanitarian experience with a focus on ACGME Core Competencies, future global outreach, and commitment to education.Study designPhysician survey and program curriculum review.MethodsParticipants in a supervised humanitarian educational experience at a single Otology‐Neurotology Fellowship Program between the years of 2006 and 2019 were surveyed. Barriers to participation, challenges, benefits, prior and ongoing humanitarian efforts, and education endeavors were discussed.ResultsChallenges including time away from fellowship, logistical difficulties with Resident Review Committee recognition of operative case volume, and civil unrest were encountered. Benefits within all six ACGME Core Competencies were achieved. International collaboration with local providers, patients, and families with diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds allowed bidirectional education while striving for safe, innovative solutions in resource‐poor environments.ConclusionsA supervised education experience with a sustainable humanitarian otology program offers Neurotology fellows an early positive experience near the end of their formal training. ACGME Professionalism goals were achieved through building collegial relationships with local otolaryngologists and staff, while fostering a sense of responsibility to assist those in developing nations. Participation correlated with an ongoing commitment to humanitarian efforts and education post‐fellowship.Level of Evidence4
Mechanisms of localized corrosion of carbon steel associated with magnetite/mackinawite layers in a cement grout
Authors: Robineau Mathieu , Sabot René , Jeannin Marc , Deydier Valérie , Crusset Didier , Refait Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarbon steel electrodes covered with a specific low‐pH cement grout (pH ~10.7 at 20°C), designed for nuclear waste management applications, were immersed for 30 days in a 0.01‐M NaCl + 0.01‐M NaHCO3solution (pH 7 measured at 20°C), in aerated conditions, at 80°C. The corrosion processes were studied by voltammetry and linear polarization resistance measurements while the corrosion product layers were analyzed by µ‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Most of the electrodes (75%) suffered from localized corrosion, a phenomenon associated with the formation of a heterogeneous Fe3O4/FeS layer. It is proposed that the mechanisms of the particular corrosion process observed here are associated with galvanic effects, the large magnetite‐covered zone acting as cathode and the locally mackinawite‐covered zones being anodic regions.
Biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii was inhibited by PAβN while it had no association with antibiotic resistance
Authors: Chen Lihua , Li Haixia , Wen Haichu , Zhao Binyu , Niu Yujia , Mo Qianqian , Wu Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the effects of PAβN, a potential efflux pump inhibitor, on A. baumannii biofilm formation and dispersion were tested, and the gene expression levels of efflux pumps were determined to study the mechanisms. A total of 92 A. baumannii isolates from infected patients were collected and identified by multiplex PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii clinical isolates was tested by VITEK 2 COMPACT®. Genotypes were determined by ERIC‐2 PCR. Biofilm formation and dispersion were detected by crystal violet staining. The presence and mRNA expression of efflux pump genes were analyzed by conventional PCR and real‐time PCR, respectively. More than 50% of the A. baumannii strains formed biofilm and were divided into different groups according to their biofilm‐forming ability. Antibiotic resistance rates among most groups did not significantly differ. There were 7 clonal groups in 92 strains of A. baumannii and no dominant clones among the different biofilm‐forming groups. PAβN inhibited A. baumannii biofilm formation and enhanced its dispersion, whereas adeB, adeJ, and adeG and the mRNA expression of adeB, abeM, and amvA showed no differences in the different biofilm‐forming groups. In conclusion, there was no clear relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii. The effects of PAβN on A. baumannii biofilm formation and dispersion were independent of the efflux pumps.
A dual‐port dual‐frequency integration antenna design
Authors: Tang Zhiyi , Yang Duo , Ma Chao , Wei Lusong , Zhang Bin , Huangfu Jiangtao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, a compact dual‐port dual‐frequency slot antenna compatible with printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed. The antenna has two feed structures for two frequencies with slots and the capacitive matching circuits. The antenna radiates at specific frequency with the matching network and the frequency of the antenna can be adjustable by changing the matching element parameters. Taking the advantage of resonance by the subwavelength feed slots, the efficient radiation can be achieved at the outer ground edge of the PCB board, thus contributing to the excellent performance of gain and the good isolation between two frequency band paths. In consideration given to the wireless communication application bands, the antenna is designed to work at 1.57 and 2.4 GHz. The experimental radiation patterns show a unidirectional antenna with maximum radiation of 0.86 dBi in 171° direction at 1.57 GHz and maximum radiation of 5.2 dBi in 278° direction at 2.4 GHz, respectively. The proposed compact cost‐effective antenna demonstrates the potential of application in small multifrequency Internet of Things devices to drive WiFi, Bluetooth, and GPS.
Feeding Disorders in Children With Tracheostomy Tubes
Authors: Henningfeld Jennifer , Lang Cecilia , Erato Gina , Silverman Alan H. , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe feeding dysfunction in a group of children with tracheostomy.MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective chart review of all children with a tracheostomy who were evaluated by our interdisciplinary feeding program. Demographic and diagnostic data, nutrition variables, acceptance of food consistencies, as well as 2 validated psychometric instruments for assessment of feeding dysfunction were analyzed.ResultsThirteen tracheostomy‐dependent children (5/13; 38% ventilator dependent) were evaluated at a median age of 51 months (interquartile range [IQR], 26–69). The majority of children (8/13; 62%) underwent evaluation after decannulation. Four children (30%) had a history of a cuffed tracheostomy tube. Eleven children (85%) used a speaking valve prior to decannulation, only 2 of whom started before initial discharge with a tracheostomy. Children with a tracheostomy had low‐median weight‐ and height‐for‐age z‐scores (−1.27 and −1.73, respectively), with normal‐median body mass index (BMI)–for‐age z‐score (0.175). Children received 75% of feedings via tube feeding (IQR, 13%–97%). Compared with other children with feeding disorders, children with tracheostomy had delays in initial acceptance of most food textures and general diet, and the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire showed significantly worse overall scores (P = .01), and the About Your Child's Eating survey showed significantly higher parental perception of resistance to eating (P = .0001).ConclusionRequirement of enteral nutrition, poor oral‐feeding skills, chronic malnutrition, and worse mealtime behaviors are associated with tracheostomy. A history of ventilator dependence, cuffed tracheostomy, and inpatient speaking valve–use were infrequently associated with interdisciplinary feeding‐program evaluation.
Impact of Malnutrition in Patients With Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Harris Ché Matthew , Albaeni Aiham , Norris Keith C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffects of malnutrition on patients with infective endocarditis (IE) have not been fully studied. Because malnutrition is associated with poor health, we hypothesized that among patients with IE, those with malnutrition would have more negative in‐hospital outcomes.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults ≥18 years old with IE. We compared outcomes of in‐hospital mortality, morbidity, valvular interventions, and utilization of resources between individuals with and without malnutrition.Results11,939 adults ≥18 years were hospitalized with IE, 2035 had a secondary diagnosis for malnutrition. There were no significant differences in age (mean age ± SEM: 55.6 ± 1.0 vs 54.3 ± 0.4 years, P = .21) or sex (female: 36.7%; 743/2,035 vs 37.5%; 3,717/9,904, P = .69) in patients with and without malnutrition. Patients with malnutrition had more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity score ≥3: 36%; 732/2,035 vs 30.7%; 3,040/9,904, P = .04). Despite similar adjusted in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% CI, 0.8–1.5; P = .23), malnourished patients were more likely to develop sepsis (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; P < .01) and had higher odds of mitral‐valve (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; P < .01) repairs/replacements. Patients with malnutrition also had increased lengths of stay (adjusted mean difference [aMD], 4.7 days; 95% CI, 2.9–6.5 days; P < .01) and hospital charges (aMD, $36,052; 95% CI, $14,935–$57,168; P < .01).ConclusionsPatients with malnutrition and IE are at risk for high morbidity, valvular repairs/replacements, and use of hospital resources.
Experiencing improved assessment and control of pain in end‐of‐life care when using the Abbey Pain Scale systematically
Authors: Ludvigsson Carola , Isaksson Ulf , Hajdarevic Senada 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo describe staff's reflections on aspects influencing pain assessment at end‐of‐life (EoL) care in nursing homes before and after the implementation of the Abbey Pain Scale (APS).BackgroundPeople with cognitive impairment in the EoL care often suffer from underdiagnosed and undertreated pain due to the lack of knowledge and guidelines for systematic pain assessment.MethodsSemi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe staff described their experiences before the implementation of APS as striving to achieve control of pain by trusting in themselves and the team, while the experiences after the implementation of APS were described as improving symptom control with remaining weak confidence in the team.ConclusionsImplementation of APS was experienced as improving systematic pain assessment. Efforts to establish clear routines and improve confidence in the care team would be prioritized to optimize pain assessment and pain relief in EoL care.