bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MET and RON receptor tyrosine kinases in colorectal adenocarcinoma: molecular features as drug targets and antibody-drug conjugates for therapy
Authors: Yao Hang-Ping , Tong Xiang-Min , Hudson Rachel , Wang Ming-Hai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvanced colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC), featured by distinctive histopathological appearance, distant organ metastasis, acquired chemoresistance, and tumorigenic stemness is a group of heterogeneous cancers with unique genetic signatures and malignant phenotypes. Treatment of CRAC is a daunting task for oncologists. Currently, various strategies including molecular targeting using therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, small molecule kinase inhibitors and immunoregulatory checkpoint therapy have been applied to combat this deadly disease. However, these therapeutic modalities and approaches achieve only limited success. Thus, there is a pharmaceutical need to discover new targets and develop novel therapeutics for CRAC therapy. MET and RON receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in CRAC pathogenesis. Clinical studies have revealed that aberrant MET and/or RON expression and signaling are critical in regulating CRAC progression and malignant phenotypes. Increased MET and/or RON expression also has prognostic value for CRAC progression and patient survival. These features provide the rationale to target MET and RON for clinical CRAC intervention. At present, the use of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting MET for CRAC treatment has achieved significant progress with several approvals for clinical application. Nevertheless, antibody-based biotherapeutics, although under clinical trials for more than 8 years, have made very little progress. In this review, we discuss the importance of MET and/or RON in CRAC tumorigenesis and development of anti-MET, anti-RON, and MET and RON-dual targeting antibody-drug conjugates for clinical application. The findings from both preclinical studies and clinical trials highlight the potential of this novel type of biotherapeutics for CRAC therapy in the future.
Simulation data for the analysis of Bayesian posterior significance and effect size indices for the two-sample t-test to support reproducible medical research
Authors: Kelter Riko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The data presented herein represents the simulated datasets of a recently conducted larger study which investigated the behaviour of Bayesian indices of significance and effect size as alternatives to traditional p-values. The study considered the setting of Student’s and Welch’s two-sample t-test often used in medical research. It investigated the influence of the sample size, noise, the selected prior hyperparameters and the sensitivity to type I errors. The posterior indices used included the Bayes factor, the region of practical equivalence, the probability of direction, the MAP-based p-value and the e-value in the Full Bayesian Significance Test. The simulation study was conducted in the statistical programming language R.

Data description
The R script files for simulation of the datasets used in the study are presented in this article. These script files can both simulate the raw datasets and run the analyses. As researchers may be faced with different effect sizes, noise levels or priors in their domain than the ones studied in the original paper, the scripts extend the original results by allowing to recreate all analyses of interest in different contexts. Therefore, they should be relevant to other researchers.
MRI characterization of focal liver lesions in non-cirrhotic patients: assessment of added value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase imaging
Authors: Moosavi Bardia , Shenoy-Bhangle Anuradha S. , Tsai Leo L. , Reuf Robert , Mortele Koenraad J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the added value of the hepatobiliary (HPB) phase in gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing newly discovered indeterminate focal liver lesions in non-cirrhotic patients.ResultsOne-hundred and twenty-five non-cirrhotic patients (median age, 46 years; range, 20–85 years; 100 females) underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, including the 20-min delayed HPB phase, for characterization of newly discovered focal liver lesions. Images were independently evaluated by two blinded, board-certified abdominal radiologists (R1 and R2) who characterized liver lesions without and with assessment of the HPB phase images in two separate readout sessions. Confidence in diagnosis was scored on a scale from 0 to 3. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen κ statistics. Change in diagnosis and confidence in diagnosis were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed rank test. There was no significant change in diagnosis before and after evaluation of the HPB phase for both readers (p= 1.0 for R1;p= 0.34 for R2). Confidence in diagnosis decreased from average 2.8 ± 0.45 to 2.6 ± 0.59 for R1 and increased from 2.6 ± 0.83 to 2.8 ± 0.46 for R2. Change in confidence was only statistically significant for R1 (p= 0.003) but not significant for R2 (p= 0.49). Inter-reader agreement in diagnosis was good without (k= 0.66) and with (k= 0.75) inclusion of the HPB phase images.ConclusionsThe added information obtained from the HPB phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI does not change the diagnosis or increase confidence in diagnosis when evaluating new indeterminate focal liver lesions in non-cirrhotic patients.
Chicken bromodomain-containing protein 2 interacts with the Newcastle disease virus matrix protein and promotes viral replication
Authors: Duan Zhiqiang , Han Yifan , Zhou Lei , Yuan Chao , Wang Yanbi , Zhao Caiqin , Tang Hong , Chen Jiaqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) is a nucleus-localized serine-threonine kinase that plays pivotal roles in the transcriptional control of diverse genes. In our previous study, the chicken BRD2 (chBRD2) protein was found to interact with the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, but the role of the chBRD2 protein in the replication of NDV remains unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the interaction between the M protein and chBRD2 protein using fluorescence co-localization, co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. Intracellular binding studies indicated that the C-terminus (aa 264–313) of the M protein and the extra-terminal (ET) domain (aa 619–683) of the chBRD2 protein were responsible for interactions with each other. Interestingly, although two amino acids (T621 and S649) found in the chBRD2/ET domain were different from those in the human BRD2/ET domain and in that of other mammals, they did not disrupt the BRD2-M interaction or the chBRD2-M interaction. In addition, we found that the transcription of the chBRD2 gene was obviously decreased in both NDV-infected cells and pEGFP-M-transfected cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of chBRD2 or overexpression of chBRD2 remarkably enhanced or reduced NDV replication by upregulating or downregulating viral RNA synthesis and transcription, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that the interaction of the M protein with the chBRD2 protein in the nucleus promotes NDV replication by downregulating chBRD2 expression and facilitating viral RNA synthesis and transcription. These results will provide further insight into the biological functions of the M protein in the replication of NDV.
The upper bound of multi-source DOA information in sensor array and its application in performance evaluation
Authors: Tu Weilin , Xu Dazhuan , Zhou Ying , Shi Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDirection of arrival (DOA) estimation has been discussed extensively in the array signal processing field. In this paper, the authors focus on the multi-source DOA information which is defined as the mutual information between the DOA and the received signal contaminated by complex additive white Gaussian noise. A theoretical expression of DOA information with multiple sources is derived for the uniform linear array. At high SNRs and under the sparse-source assumption obtained is the upper bound of DOA information contained in K sparse sources which can be regarded as the sum of all single-source information minus the uncertainty of sources’ order logK!. Moreover, because of the uncertainty of multi-sources’ order, the posteriori probability distribution of DOA no longer obeys single peak Gaussian distribution so that the mean square error is unsuitable in evaluating the performance of multi-dimensional parameter estimation. Consequently, entropy error (EE) is used as a new performance evaluation metric, whose relationship with DOA information is given.
Approximation results for split equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of nonexpansive semigroup in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Arfat Yasir , Kumam Poom , Ngiamsunthorn Parinya Sa , Khan Muhammad Aqeel Ahmad , Sarwar Hammad , Fukhar-ud-Din Hafiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a modified extragradient method for computing a common solution to the split equilibrium problem and fixed point problem of a nonexpansive semigroup in real Hilbert spaces. The weak and strong convergence characteristics of the proposed algorithm are investigated by employing suitable control conditions in such a setting of spaces. As a consequence, we provide a simplified analysis of various existing results concerning the extragradient method in the current literature. We also provide a numerical example to strengthen the theoretical results and the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
The roles of nasal nitric oxide in diagnosis and endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhu Mengdi , Gao Xuehuan , Zhu Zhuang , Hu Xiaoqing , Zhou Hui , Liu Jisheng 
Published: September 2020

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) is a global health concern. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO), a clinical biomarker, have been studied to assess the presence of airway mucosal inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the roles of nNO in diagnosis and endotypes of CRSwNP. Methods Eighty-two CRSwNP patients and thirty healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. The patients were classified into eosinophilic CRSwNP (Eos CRSwNP) and non⁃eosinophilic CRSwNP (Non-Eos CRSwNP) endotypes by tissue eosinophil percentage. nNO levels were measured with an electrochemical sensor-based device. nNO levels and clinical factors were compared among the groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive ability of the nNO for diagnosis and endotypes of CRSwNP. Results Eos CRSwNP patients(143.9 ± 106.2, ppb) had lower nNO levels than Non-Eos CRSwNP(228.3 ± 109.2, ppb, p = 0.013) and healthy subjects(366.5 ± 88, ppb, p < 0.0001). Patients with atopy exhibited significantly higher levers of nNO compared with patients without atopy ( p < 0.05). For Eos CRSwNP diagnosis, nNO had high predictive value for Eos CRSwNP (AUC: 0.939; sensitivity: 76.74%; specificity: 96.67%; cut-off value: 231 ppb, p < 0.001). Furthermore, nNO levels were associated with CRSwNP endotypes (odds ratio: 1.010; 95% confidence interval: 1.003, 1.016%; p = 0.002). When the nNO concentration was 158 ppb, we could discriminate Eos CRSwNP from Non-Eos CRSwNP (AUC = 0.710, sensitivity: 76.92%; specificity, 60.47%, P = 0.001). After it was combinated by nNO, peripheral blood eosinophil count (PEAC) and VAS score, the AUC was increased to 0.894 (95%CI = 0.807 to 0.951, p < 0.0001, sensitivity:76.74%, specificity: 89.74%). Conclusions nNO may have potential for non-invasive diagnosis and endotype of CRSwNP. nNO combined with PEAC and VAS score may be a good diagnostic tool for endotyps of Eos CRSwNP. However, the atopic status of the patients influenced the levels of nNO.
Personal protective eyewear usage among industrial workers in small-scale enterprises
Authors: AlMahmoud Tahra , Elkonaisi Ismail , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Work-related eye injury causes significant vision loss. Most of these injuries are preventable with appropriate eye safety practices. We aimed to study industrial workers’ perceptions of Personal Protective Eyewear (PPE) and its usage in a high income developing country.

Methods
A field-based cross-sectional study in small-scale industrial entities was performed in Al-Ain City, UAE during the period of October 2018 to June 2019. Five hundred workers completed a pretested structured questionnaire. Data on demographics, occupational history, work hazard awareness, and PPE usage at their work place were collected.

Results
The workers were experienced, with a median of 15 years in practice. The majority (80%) learned their work skills through apprenticeship (i.e., on-the-job) training. Most (85%) were involved with activities presenting eye injury risk, and were highly aware of this. None of the workers used safety goggles or glasses all the time for activities that need PPE usage. Five percent never used PPE in the workplace. The main reason for not using PPE was the work demands (95%) and poor vision through the lenses (75%). Young age and less work experience were associated with less PPE usage (P < 0.0001). Wearing prescription spectacles had a positive correlation with usage of safety goggles (P = 0.005) and a negative correlation with welding helmet usage (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
There was a high level of awareness about the value of PPE in the workplace which was not translated into real practice. Educational programs promoting eye safety practices and proper PPE usage should be adopted by workers in small-scale industrial settings.
Modeling the predictors of stunting in Ethiopia: analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data (EDHS)
Authors: Mengesha Hayelom Gebrekirstos , Vatanparast Hassan , Feng Cindy , Petrucka Pammla 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite continued efforts to address malnutrition, there is minimal reduction in the prevalence rates of stunting in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The association between nutritional and socioeconomic factors collected from a national survey in Ethiopia and stunting have not been rigorously analyzed. Therefore, this study aims to model the effect of nutritional and socioeconomic predictors using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data.

Methods
This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 EDHS survey, which included 7909 children aged 6 to59 months. Descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage for categorical data and mean and standard deviation for metric data were conducted. Linearity, confounding, and multicollinearity were checked. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were carried out. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A receiver operative curve was built to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the model.

Results
The study identified that 39.2% of children included in this analysis were stunted. Furthermore, 76.47, 84.27, and 92.62% of the children did not consume fruits and vegetables, legumes and lentils, or meat and its products, respectively. Children aged 24 months to 59 months were found to be at 9.71 times higher risk of being stunted compared to their younger counterparts aged 6–24 months (AOR: 9.71; CI: 8.07, 11.6 children). Those children weighing below 9.1 kg were at 27.86 odds of being stunted compared to those weighing 23.3 kg and above. Moreover, mothers with a height below 150 cm (AOR: 2.01; CI: 1.76, 2.5), living in a rural area (AOR: 1.3, CI: 1.09, 1.54), and being male (AOR: 1.4; CI: 1.26, 1.56) were factors associated with stunting. The predictive ability of the model was 77%: if a pair of observations with stunted and non-stunted children were taken, the model correctly ranks 77% of such pair of observations.

Conclusion
The model indicates that being born male, being from a mother of short stature, living in rural areas, small child size, mother with mild anemia, father having no formal education or primary education only, having low child weight, and being 24–59 months of age increases the likelihood of stunting. On the other hand, being born of an overweight or obese mother decreases the likelihood of stunting.
Structural organization and cohesiveness of foraging groups in Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): locally regulated or self-organized?
Authors: Ashwathi Panayanthatta , Puspita Barman , Ganeshaiah K. N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius), foraging ants are recruited mostly as individuals but occasionally as small groups that move in a single file. We studied the structure and organization of these small foraging groups and attempted to understand the process through which the cohesiveness of the moving file is maintained.

Results
The recruited group moves in a single file as if steered by a leader at the moving tip. Ants in the group were found to exhibit certain fidelity to their respective positions in the file, despite the occasional breakdown of the cohesiveness due to disturbance and or obstructions on their path. This fidelity decreases from both ends towards the middle part of the file. Accordingly, three segments could be recognized in the moving file: (a) the leading ant that almost always maintains its position and steers the group, (b) a short tail part with a few ants that always trail the file and, (c) the mid part that binds the group; ants in this segment always tend to follow the leader through a cascading chain of tactile communication. If the leader ant is removed, entire group loses its orientation and enters into a chaotic search state. But removing any other ant does not affect the cohesiveness; rather it’s position is occupied by the member preceding it and thus maintains the link in the group.

Conclusions
The cohesiveness of the moving group appeared to result from (a) regulation of the movement of the group by the leading ant, and, (b) an interactive process among the rest of the ants. Based on these two elements, a simple automated model of the group’s movement was developed that could effectively mimic the observed pattern. We also provide evidence to suggest that recruitment of groups occurs in the direction of, and in response to, the information received by the colony on, the resource rich patches.
New indicator Escherichia coli strain for rapid and accurate detection of supF mutations
Authors: Fukushima Ruriko , Suzuki Tetsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The supF gene of Escherichia coli is useful for forward mutation analysis in bacterial and mammalian cells used in mutagenesis and DNA repair studies. Indicator E. coli strains, such as KS40/pOF105, have been used to analyze supF mutations. However, KS40/pOF105 is not enough to select supF mutants on nutrient-rich agar plates. Therefore, in this study, a new indicator E. coli strain for rapid and accurate detection of supF mutations was developed.

Results
The gyrA and rpsL genes with an amber mutation were integrated into the chromosomal DNA of E. coli KS40 to produce a new indicator strain, RF01. RF01 cells transformed by the wild-type supF gene were sensitive to nalidixic acid and streptomycin on LB agar plates. supF mutant frequencies and mutation spectra in RF01 were similar to those in KS40/pOF105. In addition, some mutations in supF were only detected in RF01.

Conclusion
RF01 is a new and useful indicator E. coli strain for analyzing supF mutations.
Fluoroscopically-guided interventions with radiation doses exceeding 5000 mGy reference point air kerma: a dosimetric analysis of 89,549 interventional radiology, neurointerventional radiology, vascular surgery, and neurosurgery encounters
Authors: Bundy Jacob J. , McCracken Ian W. , Shin David S. , Monroe Eric J. , Johnson Guy E. , Ingraham Christopher R. , Kanal Kalpana M. , Bundy Richa A. , Jones Sean T. , Valji Karim , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify and categorize fluoroscopically-guided procedures with radiation doses exceeding 5000 mGy reference point air kerma (Ka,r). Ka,r > 5000 mGy has been defined as a “significant radiation dose” by the Society of Interventional Radiology. Identification and analysis of interventions with high radiation doses has the potential to reduce radiation-induced injuries.

Materials and methods
Radiation dose data from a dose monitoring system for 19 interventional suites and 89,549 consecutive patient encounters from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2019 at a single academic institution were reviewed. All patient encounters with Ka,r > 5000 mGy were included. All other encounters were excluded (n = 89,289). Patient demographics, medical specialty, intervention type, fluoroscopy time (minutes), dose area product (mGy·cm2), and Ka,r (mGy) were evaluated.

Results
There were 260 (0.3%) fluoroscopically-guided procedures with Ka,r > 5000 mGy. Of the 260 procedures which exceeded 5000 mGy, neurosurgery performed 81 (30.5%) procedures, followed by interventional radiology (n = 75; 28.2%), neurointerventional radiology (n = 55; 20.7%), and vascular surgery (n = 49; 18.4%). The procedures associated with the highest Ka,r were venous stent reconstruction performed by interventional radiology, arteriovenous malformation embolization performed by neurointerventional radiology, spinal hardware fixation by neurosurgery, and arterial interventions performed by vascular surgery. Neurointerventional radiology had the highest mean Ka,r (7,799 mGy), followed by neurosurgery (7452 mGy), vascular surgery (6849 mGy), and interventional radiology (6109 mGy). The mean Ka,r for interventional radiology performed procedures exceeding 5000 mGy was significantly lower than that for neurointerventional radiology, neurosurgery, and vascular surgery.

Conclusions
Fluoroscopically-guided procedures with radiation dose exceeding 5000 mGy reference point air kerma are uncommon. The results of this study demonstrate that a large proportion of cases exceeding 5000 mGy were performed by non-radiologists, who likely do not receive the same training in radiation physics, radiation biology, and dose reduction techniques as radiologists.
Lack of cerebellar tDCS effects on learning of a complex whole body dynamic balance task in middle-aged (50–65 years) adults
Authors: Rauscher M. , Yavari F. , Batsikadze G. , Ludolph N. , Ilg W. , Nitsche M. A. , Timmann D. , Steiner K. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely considered as a promising non-invasive tool to foster motor performance and learning in health and disease. The results of previous studies, however, are inconsistent. Our group failed to provide evidence for an effect of cerebellar tDCS on learning of a complex whole body dynamic balance task in young and healthy participants. Ceiling effects in the young study population are one possible explanation for the negative findings.

Methods
In the present study, we therefore tested 40 middle-aged healthy participants between the ages of 50 to 65 years. Participants received either anodal or sham cerebellar tDCS using a double-blinded study design while performing a balance task on a Lafayette Instrument 16,030 stability platform®. Mean platform angle and mean balance time were assessed as outcome measures.

Results
Significant learning effects were found in all participants. Balancing performance and learning rate was significantly less in the group of middle-aged adults compared to our previous group of young adults. No significant effects of cerebellar tDCS were observed.

Conclusions
Our findings are in line with other studies that have failed to prove robust effects of cerebellar tDCS on motor learning. The present findings, however, do not exclude cerebellar tDCS effects. tDCS effects may be more prominent after repeated stimulation, using other stimulus parameters, in patient populations, or in other motor learning tasks.

Trial registration
Not applicable.