bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Symplectic Connections on Holomorphic Submersions
Authors: Dervan Ruadhaí , Sektnan Lars Martin 
Published: November 2020

The main result of this paper gives a new construction of extremal Kähler metrics on the total space of certain holomorphic submersions, giving a vast generalisation and unification of results of Hong, Fine and others. The principal new ingredient is a novel geometric partial differential equation on such fibrations, which we call the optimal symplectic connection equation.We begin with a smooth fibration for which all fibres admit a constant scalar curvature Kähler metric. When the fibres admit automorphisms, such metrics are not unique in general, but rather are unique up to the action of the automorphism group of each fibre. We define an equation which, at least conjecturally, determines a canonical choice of constant scalar curvature Kähler metric on each fibre. When the fibration is a projective bundle, this equation specialises to asking that the hermitian metric determining the fibrewise Fubini‐Study metric is Hermite‐Einstein.Assuming the existence of an optimal symplectic connection and the existence of an appropriate twisted extremal metric on the base of the fibration, we show that the total space of the fibration itself admits an extremal metric for certain polarisations making the fibres small. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Influence of synthetic phthalocyanine pigments on light reflectance of creeping bentgrass
Authors: McCall David S. , Sullivan Dana G. , Zhang Xunzhong , Martin S. Bruce , Wong Alexander , Ervin Erik H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of synthetic pigment‐containing products on golf playing surfaces by golf course superintendents has increased dramatically to provide green color and improve stress tolerance. Most turf colorants are synthesized from various phthalocyanine pigments, which share visible spectral properties with green plant tissue. Vegetation indices, such as normalized difference (NDVI), are commonly used by researchers to quantify plant health or turf quality. Research reports indicate that turf canopy reflectance is sometimes positively and sometimes negatively affected by synthetic pigments. The specific spectral wavelength used for vegetation indices varies by sensor type, which may explain these inconsistencies. A greater understanding of light absorption characteristics of synthetic pigments is needed. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the spectral properties of synthetic phthalocyanine pigment‐containing products alone and to quantify their influence on light reflected from treated creeping bentgrass canopies. Narrow bandwidth (1.5 nm) reflectance was collected from across visible and near‐infrared spectra using a handheld field spectroradiometer (PSR‐1100F, Spectral Evolution) to develop spectral signatures of pigmented products alone, healthy turf, and healthy turf treated with pigmented products. Synthetic pigment‐containing products strongly absorbed near‐infrared light but did not affect photosynthetically active spectra. Some products tested influenced reflectance of ultraviolet A radiation. Endogenous chlorophyll concentrations 7 d after treatment were not altered by products tested. Spectral characteristics of NDVI and similar reflectance measurements of creeping bentgrass quality using near‐infrared light may be negatively affected when the turf is treated with phthalocyanine pigment‐containing products.
Intensifying a semiarid wheat monocropping with forage rape as a replacement to fallow period in China
Authors: Deng Jianqiang , Zhang Zhixin , Ni Hong , Lai Xingfa , Usman Samaila , Yang Qian , Yang Xianlong , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Shen Yuying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe traditional cropping system on the Loess Plateau of China is winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., W) monocropping. However, this cropping system, with a 3‐mo summer fallow (F) period, has exhibited low radiation and precipitation use efficiency. The objectives of this study conducted in 2016–2018 was to investigate system productivity and resource (i.e., water and radiation) use efficiency when winter wheat monocropping was intensified by planting forage rape (Brassica napus L., R) during the summer fallow period. Dry matter yield (DM), water use efficiency (WUE), and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of forage rape and winter wheat in F‐W and R‐W crop rotations were determined. The results show that forage rape did not change system DM in all years, and winter wheat grain yield as well as DM in 2018, but decreased winter wheat grain yield and DM by 17 and 16% in 2017, respectively. Forage rape increased the system average water use (WU) by 20%, whereas system WUE of DM (WUEDM) was unaffected in both years. Forage rape also improved system intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) by 39% but did not alter winter wheat IPAR in both years. In 2017, intensification with forage rape decreased winter wheat RUEDM and RUE of grain (RUEGrain). In conclusion, crop productivity was mainly related to water availability during sowing and the growing season, whereas RUE was related to crop productivity. Therefore, soil water supply needs to be considered before sowing forage rape during the summer fallow in the semiarid region of China as examined in this study.
A Single‐Flow Battery with Multiphase Flow
Authors: Amit Lihi , Naar Danny , Gloukhovski Robert , la O' Gerardo Jose , Suss Matthew E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWidespread adoption of redox flow batteries (RFBs) for renewable energy storage is inhibited by a relatively high cost of storage. This is due largely to typical RFBs requiring two flows, two external tanks, and expensive ion‐exchange membranes. Here, we propose a potentially inexpensive Zn‐Br2 RFB which is membraneless and requires only a single flow. The flow is an emulsion consisting of a continuous, Br2‐poor aqueous phase and a dispersed, Br2‐rich polybromide phase, pumped through the channel separating anode and cathode. With our prototype cell, we explore the effect of polybromide‐phase volume fraction and Br2 concentration on cell performance and plating efficiencies. We demonstrate high discharge currents of up to 270 mA/cm2, plating efficiencies up to 88 %, and dendriteless plating up to the highest Zn loading investigated of 250 mAh/cm2. We provide mechanistic insights into cell behavior and elucidate paths towards unlocking ultra‐low‐cost single‐flow RFBs with multiphase flow.
Highly Efficient Alkaline Water Splitting with Ru‐Doped Co−V Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Wei , Feng Bomin , Yi Lingya , Li Junying , Hu Weihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are decisive for achieving efficient energy conversion from electricity to hydrogen fuel through water electrolysis. In this study, tremella‐like Ru‐doped Co‐V layered double hydroxide nanosheets on Ni Foam (Ru‐CoV‐LDH@NF) was fabricated by a one‐pot solvothermal reaction. As‐prepared Ru‐CoV‐LDH@NF, with a nominal Ru loading of around 51.6 μg cm−2 exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic activity towards HER and OER in alkaline media. To accomplish a current density of 10 mA cm−2, it demands 32 mV and 230 mV overpotentials for HER and OER, respectively. The alkali electrolyzer utilizing Ru‐CoV‐LDH/NF as bifunctional electrocatalyst affords 10 mA cm−2 electrolytic current density at an extremely low cell voltage of 1.50 V, showing excellent performance compared to a Pt/C−RuO2‐based electrolyzer and many other bifunctional electrocatalyst‐based ones. The incorporation of Ru changes the morphology of the resultant nanosheets to offer high electrochemical surface areas for electrocatalysis; at the same time, it significantly boosts the intrinsic HER/OER electrocatalytic activity. For HER, the energy barrier of the Volmer step is efficiently reduced upon Ru doping, whereas the Ru dopants optimize the absorption strength of *O intermediates to facilitate the OER process. This work offers a feasible means to optimize the Co‐based hydroxide materials for improved electrocatalysis in overall water splitting.
Autologous non‐human primate model for safety assessment of piggyBac transposon‐mediated chimeric antigen receptor T cells on granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor
Authors: Morokawa Hirokazu , Yagyu Shigeki , Hasegawa Aiko , Tanaka Miyuki , Saito Shoji , Mochizuki Hidemi , Sakamoto Kengo , Shimoi Akihito , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy redirected to specific antigens on tumor cells is a promising immunotherapy strategy for various cancers. Most target antigens are also expressed on normal tissues at varying levels, and therefore, a considerable challenge in the field is determining safety profiles, including life‐threatening off‐tumor and off‐target toxicities. The granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor (hGMR) is a promising target for CAR T‐cell therapy for a subset of acute myelocytic leukaemia, although it is also expressed on normal cells including monocytes, macrophages, CD34‐positive haematopoietic cells and vascular endothelial cells. hGMR and other immune‐related proteins are highly conserved between humans and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Therefore, in this study, we engineered cynomolgus T cells to express CAR molecules redirected to hGMR by piggyBac (PB) transposon‐based gene transfer and adoptively transferred autologous hGMR‐CAR T cells into cynomolgus macaques.MethodsWe established PB‐mediated human GMR (hGMR)‐specific CAR T cells using cynomolgus peripheral blood mononuclear cells and transferred them into autologous individuals, and evaluated the potential toxicity related to hGMR‐CAR T cells.ResultshGMR‐CAR T cells did not exert overt organ toxicities such as bone marrow suppression, monocytopenia and vasculitis, although they recognised and killed cynomolgus monocytes and macrophages in vitro.ConclusionAlthough our model did not simulate a tumor‐bearing model, it supports the safety of hGMR‐CAR T cells and demonstrates the usefulness of a non‐human primate model to evaluate the safety of T‐cell products by assessing off‐tumor/off‐target toxicity before clinical trials.
The evolving landscape of predictive biomarkers in immuno‐oncology with a focus on spatial technologies
Authors: Sadeghi Rad Habib , Bazaz Sajad Razavi , Monkman James , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid , Rezaei Nima , O'Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapies have shown long‐lasting and unparalleled responses for cancer patients compared to conventional therapy. However, they seem to only be effective in a subset of patients. Therefore, it has become evident that a greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required to understand the nuances which may be at play for a favorable outcome to therapy. The immune contexture of the TME is an important factor in dictating how well a tumor may respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. While traditional immunohistochemistry techniques allow for the profiling of cells in the tumor, this is often lost when tumors are analysed using bulk tissue genomic approaches. Moreover, the actual cellular proportions, cellular heterogeneity and deeper spatial distribution are lacking in characterisation. Advances in tissue interrogation technologies have given rise to spatially resolved characterisation of the TME. This review aims to provide an overview of the current methodologies that are used to profile the TME, which may provide insights into the immunopathology associated with a favorable outcome to immunotherapy.
Quantifying energetic and fitness consequences of seasonal heterothermy in an Arctic ungulate
Authors: Desforges Jean‐Pierre , van Beest Floris M. , Marques Gonçalo M. , Pedersen Stine H. , Beumer Larissa T. , Chimienti Marianna , Schmidt Niels Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimals have adapted behavioral and physiological strategies to conserve energy during periods of adverse conditions. Heterothermy is one such adaptation used by endotherms. While heterothermy—fluctuations in body temperature and metabolic rate—has been shown in large vertebrates, little is known of the costs and benefits of this strategy, both in terms of energy and in terms of fitness. Hence, our objective was to model the energetics of seasonal heterothermy in the largest Arctic ungulate, the muskox (Ovibos moschatus), using an individual‐based energy budget model of metabolic physiology. We found that the empirically based drop in body temperature (winter max ~−0.8°C) overwinter in adult females resulted in substantial fitness benefits in terms of reduced daily energy expenditure and body mass loss. Body mass and energy reserves were 8.98% and 14.46% greater in modeled heterotherms compared to normotherms by end of winter. Based on environmental simulations, we show that seasonal heterothermy can, to some extent, buffer the negative consequences of poor prewinter body condition or reduced winter food accessibility, leading to greater winter survival (+20%–30%) and spring energy reserves (+10%–30%), and thus increased probability of future reproductive success. These results indicate substantial adaptive short‐term benefits of seasonal heterothermy at the individual level, with potential implications for long‐term population dynamics in highly seasonal environments.
Myocardial remodelling after withdrawing therapy for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from TRED‐HF
Authors: Halliday Brian P. , Owen Ruth , Gregson John , S. Vassiliou Vassilios , Chen Xiuyu , Wage Ricardo , Lota Amrit S. , Khalique Zohya , Tayal Upasana , Hammersley Daniel J. , Jones Richard E. , Baksi A. John , Cowie Martin R. , Cleland John G.F. , Pennell Dudley J. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2020

AimsTo characterize adverse ventricular remodelling after withdrawing therapy in recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods and resultsTRED‐HF was a randomized controlled trial with a follow‐on single‐arm cross‐over phase that examined the safety and feasibility of therapy withdrawal in patients with recovered DCM over 6 months. The primary endpoint was relapse of heart failure defined by (i) a reduction in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction >10% and to <50%, (ii) >10% increase in LV end‐diastolic volume and to above the normal range, (iii) a twofold rise in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and to >400 ng/L, or (iv) evidence of heart failure. LV mass, LV and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and extracellular volume were measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance at baseline and follow‐up (6 months or relapse) for 48 patients. LV cell and extracellular matrix masses were derived. The effect of withdrawing therapy, stratified by relapse and genotype, was investigated in the randomized and follow‐on phases. In the randomized comparison, withdrawing therapy led to an increase in mean LV mass [5.4 g/m2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–9.5] and cell mass (4.2 g/m2; 95% CI 0.5–8.0) and a reduction in LV (3.5; 95% CI 1.6–5.5) and RV (2.4; 95% CI 0.1–4.7) GLS. In a non‐randomized comparison of all patients (n = 47) who had therapy withdrawn in either phase, there was an increase in LV mass (6.2 g/m2; 95% CI 3.6–8.9; P = 0.0001), cell mass (4.0 g/m2; 95% CI 1.8–6.2; P = 0.0007) and matrix mass (1.7 g/m2; 95% CI 0.7–2.6; P = 0.001) and a reduction in LV GLS (2.7; 95% CI 1.5–4.0; P = 0.0001). Amongst those who had therapy withdrawn and did not relapse, similar changes were observed (n = 28; LV mass: 5.1 g/m2, 95% CI 1.5–8.8, P = 0.007; cell mass: 3.7 g/m2, 95% CI 0.3–7.0, P = 0.03; matrix mass: 1.7 g/m2, 95% CI 0.4–3.0, P = 0.02; LV GLS: 1.7, 95% CI 0.1–3.2, P = 0.04). Patients with TTN variants (n = 10) who had therapy withdrawn had a greater increase in LV matrix mass (mean effect of TTN: 2.6 g/m2; 95% CI 0.4–4.8; P = 0.02).ConclusionIn TRED‐HF, withdrawing therapy caused rapid remodelling, with early tissue and functional changes, even amongst patients who did not relapse.
Granulation Tissue Enhanced with Aspirin and Omega‐3 PUFAs as a Local Adjunct to the Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Hromcik Filip , Vokurka Jan , Kyr Michal , Izakovicova Holla Lydie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe topical application of aspirin and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may trigger the resolution of inflammation by inducing the biosynthesis of pro‐resolvers such as lipoxins and resolvins while also avoiding the side effects of systemic aspirin intake. This study assessed the effect of enhanced granulation tissue (EGT) on periodontal tissue regeneration through the local application of aspirin and omega‐3 PUFAs directly to granulation tissue (GT) during periodontal surgery. This randomized controlled experiment assesses 38 pockets in 19 patients. In every patient, two similar intrabony periodontal defects are treated with an open flap debridement, one with EGT (GT extracted, enhanced with aspirin and omega‐3 PUFAs, and replaced) and the other with standard GT removal. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) are assessed at baseline and 2 and 6 months after surgery. The experimental protocol (EGT) results in a greater CAL gain as compared to that in the controls at 6 months (p < 0.05), while PPD reduction is not affected. The retained GT does not compromise healing. EGT is proposed as a promising, inexpensive, and simple method that may improve the outcome of periodontal regenerative treatment. However, the described protocol requires optimization and further assessment.Practical Applications: The biosynthesis of mediators including resolvins and lipoxins triggered by aspirin and omega‐3 PUFAs promote the resolution of inflammation, eventually leading to faster regeneration of inflamed tissues. While granulation tissue is a necessary component in wound healing, enhancing granulation tissue with aspirin and omega‐3 PUFAs results in CAL gain in the surgical treatment of periodontal defects. Retained granulation tissue does not compromise periodontal healing. The EGT strategy is an inexpensive and simple method that may improve the clinical outcomes of regenerative periodontal procedures.
Fatigue and its associated risk factors among shift workers: A systematic review
Authors: Abu Hanifah M. S. , Ismail Norazura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShift workers in various occupations are at risk of getting fatigued due to the nature of their work. This study provides a systematic outline of the occurrence of fatigue and its risk factors for shift workers in various industries worldwide within the decade. A systematic review from five literature databases was searched using three keywords, namely fatigue, shift work, and shift workers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were used, and two reviewers reviewed the titles separately, picked abstracts, full texts, and checked their quality based on the predefined criteria. The search strategy for initial literature resulted in 3829 potential articles, but only 29 articles were included in this review. Differences in the definition of fatigue and the assessment method used were found to have resulted in the different prevalence of fatigue from various studied occupations. Eighteen risk factors divided into sociodemographic, work‐related, and outside of work factors were found. This review demonstrates that fatigue is a significant issue for shift workers with various risk factors involved. Future research in regard to the epidemiology of fatigue should focus on related risk factors. Thus, an appropriate intervention program to reduce fatigue could be developed and executed effectively towards lowering fatigue cases among shift workers.
Mortality in patients with hepatic gas on point‐of‐care ultrasound in cardiac arrest: Does location matter?
Authors: Ramamurti Pradip , Yamane David , Desai Sajani , Boniface Keith , Drake Aaran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposePrior research has suggested an association of hepatic venous gas with mortality in cardiac arrest. As point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is frequently used in the context of resuscitation, we sought to evaluate if the presence of hepatic gas on POCUS had a similar mortality association.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients who experienced nontraumatic cardiac arrest. Archived ultrasound images were independently reviewed to determine the presence of gas in the hepatic parenchyma and vasculature. Electronic medical records were then reviewed to collect remaining clinical data.ResultsFrom 1 January 2017 through 16 June 2019, 87 patients met inclusion criteria. Among them, 68 (78.2%) patients died. Among those who died, 40 (58.8%) had hepatic gas, while 28 (41.2%) had none. Only a single survivor demonstrated hepatic venous gas (11%). While the difference in mortality with respect to presence of undifferentiated hepatic gas was not significant (P = .37), there was a significant difference with respect to the presence of venous gas (P = .004).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the incidence of postarrest hepatic gas on POCUS was common, and that the presence of hepatic venous gas during cardiac resuscitation was associated with increased mortality, while hepatic parenchymal gas alone was not.