bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Armored with skin and bone: A combined histological and μCT‐study of the exceptional integument of the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933)
Authors: Schucht Pia J. , Rühr Peter T. , Geier Benedikt , Glaw Frank , Lambertz Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMadagascar's endemic ground‐dwelling leaf chameleons (Brookesiinae: Brookesia Gray, 1865 + Palleon Glaw, et al., Salamandra, 2013, 49, pp. 237–238) form the sister taxon to all other chameleons (i.e., the Chamaeleoninae). They possess a limited ability of color change, a rather dull coloration, and a nonprehensile tail assisting locomotion in the leaf litter on the forest floor. Most Brookesia species can readily be recognized by peculiar spiky dorsolateral projections (“Rückensäge”), which are caused by an aberrant vertebral structure and might function as body armor to prevent predation. In addition to a pronounced Rückensäge, the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933) exhibits conspicuous, acuminate tubercle scales on the lateral flanks and extremities, thereby considerably enhancing the overall armored appearance. Such structures are exceptional within the Chamaeleonidae and despite an appreciable interest in the integument of chameleons in general, the morphology of these integumentary elements remains shrouded in mystery. Using various conventional and petrographic histological approaches combined with μCT‐imaging, we reveal that the tubercle scales consist of osseous, multicusped cores that are embedded within the dermis. Based on this, they consequently can be interpreted as osteoderms, which to the best of our knowledge is the first record of such for the entire Chamaeleonidae and only the second one for the entire clade Iguania. The combination of certain aspects of tissue composition (especially the presence of large, interconnected, and marrow‐filled cavities) together with the precise location within the dermis (being completely enveloped by the stratum superficiale), however, discriminate the osteoderms of B. perarmata from those known for all other lepidosaurs.
The point of epiphyseal penetration affects rotational stability of screw fixation in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: A biomechanical study
Authors: Morris William Z. , Riccio Anthony I. , Podeszwa David A. , Pierce William A. , Standefer Karen D. , Kiapour Ata , Liu Raymond W. , Novais Eduardo N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe epiphyseal tubercle, a posterosuperior projection of the epiphysis into the metaphysis, serves as the axis of rotation in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and a source of physeal stability. We hypothesized that in a biomechanical model of single screw fixation of stable SCFE, a screw passing through the epiphyseal tubercle (the axis of rotation) would confer less rotational stability than a centrally placed screw. Three femurs were selected from a sample population of 8‐ to 15‐year‐old healthy hips to represent three stages of maturation: a “young” femur with a prominent epiphyseal tubercle and decreased epiphyseal cupping around the metaphysis, a “median” femur with a subsiding tubercle, and a “mature” femur with a subsided epiphyseal tubercle and increased peripheral epiphyseal cupping. Specimens were three‐dimensional printed with one of two screw trajectories: passing centrally in the epiphysis or directly through the epiphyseal tubercle. Resistance to rotational displacement was measured through stiffness and maximum torque over 30° degrees of displacement. In the “young” model, epiphyseal tubercle screw position conferred less rotational stiffness and required less maximum torque during rotational displacement when compared to a centrally placed screw (P < .001). In the “median” and “mature” models where the tubercle has subsided and is replaced by peripheral epiphyseal cupping, screw position through the tubercle was associated with equal or greater rotational stiffness and maximum torque during displacement as a centrally placed screw.
Risk factors of posthepatectomy liver failure for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Jong W. , Lee Jae H. , Park Yejong , Lee Woohyung , Kwon Jaewoo , Song Ki B. , Hwang Dae W. , Kim Song C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) is associated with high morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of the future liver remnant volume‐to‐body weight (FLRV/BW) and propose a risk score for predicting the risk of patients with PHCC developing posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).MethodsThis study included 348 patients who underwent major hepatectomy with bile duct resection for PHCC during 2008‐2015 at a single center in Korea and they were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsClinically relevant PHLF was noted in 40 patients (11.4%). The area under the curve (AUC) for FLRV/BW was not significantly different from that for FLRV/total liver volume (P = .803) or indocyanine green clearance of the future liver remnant (P = .629) in terms of predicting PHLF. On multivariate analysis, predictors of PHLF (P < .05) were male sex, albumin less than 3.5 g/dL, preoperative cholangitis, portal vein resection, FLRV/BW less than 0.5%, and FLRV/BW 0.5% to 0.75%. These variables were included in the risk score that showed good discrimination (AUC, 0.853; 95% CI, 0.802‐0.904). It will help rank patients into three risk subgroups with a predicted liver failure incidence of 4.75%, 18.73%, and 51.58%, respectively.ConclusionsFLRV/BW is a comparable risk prediction factor of PHLF and the proposed risk score can help to predict the risk of planned surgery in PHCC.
Middle Cranial Fossa Repair of Temporal Bone Spontaneous CSF Leaks With Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement
Authors: Alwani Mohamedkazim M. , Saltagi Mohamad Z. , MacPhail Margaret E. , Nelson Rick F. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the safety and effectiveness of the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach in repairing spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatient with sCSF leaks repaired by MCF approach between January 1, 2014 and August 31, 2019 were included. Demographic information, clinical and surgical findings, and postoperative outcomes were recorded.ResultsThe cohort (n = 45) included 24 tegmen repairs by multilayer reconstruction using hydroxyapatite cement and 21 cases of multilayer repair without hydroxyapatite cement. Ten MCF repairs were performed on patients ≥65 years old. Twenty (53%) ears had multiple tegmen defects (range, 1–9 tegmen defects) and 78% of patients had ≥1 encephaloceles. All sCSF leaks were resolved with one surgical intervention. There were no major intracranial complications. Transient expressive aphasia occurred in 2 patients. Medical complications occurred in four patients. There were no short‐term postoperative CSF leaks with bone cement reconstruction and two postoperative leaks without bone cement. One resolved with lumbar drain (LD) and the other resolved without treatment. The average (SD) length of stay (LOS) with bone cement was shorter than in patients without bone cement (2.54 [0.83] days vs. 3.52 [1.99] days, P < .05). There have been no long‐term CSF leak recurrences with an average (SD) follow‐up of 13.5 (12.9) months (range 0.25–46 months).ConclusionsMCF approach for sCSF repairs demonstrate efficacious outcomes, particularly with tegmen reconstruction using hydroxyapatite cement. The approach exhibited no serious adverse events and few complications requiring intervention. Therefore, MCF is a safe and effective approach to resolve sCSF leaks.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:624–632, 2021
Resonance‐Induced Dispersion Tuning for Tailoring Nonsolitonic Radiation via Nanofilms in Exposed Core Fibers
Authors: Lühder Tilman A. K. , Schaarschmidt Kay , Goerke Sebastian , Schartner Erik P. , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Schmidt Markus A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficient supercontinuum generation demands for fine‐tuning of the dispersion of the underlying waveguide. Resonances introduced into waveguide systems can substantially improve nonlinear dynamics in ultrafast supercontinuum generation via modal hybridization and formation of avoided crossings. Using the example of exposed core fibers functionalized by nanofilms with sub‐nanometer precision both zero‐dispersion and dispersive wave emission wavelengths are shifted by 227 and 300 nm, respectively, at tuning slopes higher than 20 nm/nm. The presented concept relies on dispersion management via induced resonances and can be straightforwardly extended to other deposition techniques and film geometries such as multilayers or 2D materials. It allows for the creation of unique dispersion landscapes, thus tailoring nonlinear dynamics and emission wavelengths and for making otherwise unsuitable waveguides relevant for ultrafast nonlinear photonics.
Novel Nanocomposite PEM Membranes with Continuous Proton Transportation Channel and Reinforcing Network Formed by Electrospinning Solution Casting Method
Authors: Hu Wei , Yang Xue , Hou Xiaowei , Zhao Qi , Liu Baijun , Sun Zhaoyan , Xie Haiming , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a kind of novel nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with excellent properties for fuel cell application is obtained through the combination of electrospinning and solution casting. PEMs are obtained via the electrospinning of solution of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEK)s with carboxylic acid group (SPAEK‐COOH) inserted with nanocrystal cellulose (NCC) first, and then, the SPAEK‐COOH solution is cast on the obtained electrospinning membrane to fill the voids. According to the scanning electron microscopy image of the membrane surface and freeze‐fractured cross section, the nonporous membrane was successfully obtained. The water uptake and the swelling rate of the nanocomposite membrane with 2% NCC (NF‐NCC2) decrease to 62% and 61.5%, respectively, and the membrane shows much higher proton conductivity (0.29 S cm−1) than the pristine SPAEK‐COOH membrane (NF‐NCC0) (0.196 S cm−1) at 100 °C. Furthermore, NF‐NCC2 shows a tensile strength of 38 MPa, which is an increase of 36% compared to NF‐NCC0 (28 MPa). The orderly and uniform distribution of NCC in the electrospinning nanofiber and further in the membranes.
Inhibition of p62/SQSTM1 sensitizes small‐cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin‐induced cytotoxicity by targeting NEDD9 expression
Authors: Xu Lingzhi , Xu Fan , Kong Qingxia , Yang Ting , Tan Dewei , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Na , Zhao Shanshan , Zhao Jinbo , Li Man 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrug resistance is the leading cause for rapid progression and relapse in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Thus overcoming drug resistance still remains to be urgently resolved during SCLC treatment. Here, we found p62/SQSTM1 was enriched in SCLC spheroids, a subpopulation possessing cancer stem‐like properties, which is responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. Subsequent functional assays in vitro showed that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated p62 knockdown increased sensitivity of SCLC cell lines to cisplatin (DDP), whereas lentivirus‐mediated p62 ectopic overexpression diminished DDP‐induced cytotoxicity in both NCI‐H446 and NCI‐H1688 cell lines. Moreover, ectopic p62 overexpression promoted DDP resistance of NCI‐H446 cells‐derived tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo, as indicated by accelerated tumor growth rate and reduced fluorescent activity of cleaved caspase‐3. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed that p62 was positively correlated with neuronal precursor cell‐expressed, developmentally downregulated gene 9 (NEDD9) expression level. Consistently, NEDD9 messenger RNA (mRNA) level was decreased upon p62 suppression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and increased with p62 transient overexpression in SCLC cell lines, suggesting that p62 positively regulated NEDD9 mRNA. Depletion of NEDD9 by siRNA, to a large extent, reversed p62‐overexpressed SCLC cells to DDP‐induced cytotoxicity, implying NEDD9 might act as a downstream target which was in charge of p62‐mediated DDP resistance. Taken together, our findings uncovered a previously unknown role of p62 in the regulation of SCLC drug resistance, assigning p62 as an attractive target for SCLC treatment.
Zeolite in tissue engineering: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Zarrintaj Payam , Mahmodi Ghader , Manouchehri Saeed , Mashhadzadeh Amin Hamed , Khodadadi Mohsen , Servatan Morteza , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Azambre Bruno , Kim Seok‐Jhin , Ramsey Josh D , Habibzadeh Sajjad , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTissue engineering and regenerative medicine follow a multidisciplinary attitude to the expansion and application of new materials for the treatment of different tissue defects. Typically, proper tissue regeneration is accomplished through concurrent biocompatibility and positive cellular activity. This can be resulted by the smart selection of platforms among bewildering arrays of structural possibilities with various porosity properties (ie, pore size, pore connectivity, etc). Among diverse porous structures, zeolite is known as a microporous tectosilicate that can potentially provide a biological microenvironment in tissue engineering applications. In addition, zeolite has been particularly appeared promising in wound dressing and bone‐ and tooth‐oriented scaffolds. The wide range of composition and hierarchical pore structure renders the zeolitic materials a unique character, particularly, for tissue engineering purposes. Despite such unique features, research on zeolitic platforms for tissue engineering has not been classically presented. In this review, we overview, classify, and categorize zeolitic platforms employed in biological and tissue engineering applications.
Decentralized triboelectric electronic health monitoring flexible microdevice
Authors: Chowdhury Aminur Rashid , Abdullah Abu Musa , Romero Ulises Vidaurri , Hussain Istiak , Olivares Carolina , Danti Serena , Li Jianzhi , Uddin Mohammed Jasim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVersatile applications of triboelectric nanogenerator as a microsystem component have widened the access to advanced healthcare monitoring and green energy systems. Recent research on wearable electronic technologies has been focusing on more complex architecture and costly materials for sensory applications resulting in less commercial feasibility. Here, we report a biocompatible, cost‐effective, highly sensible, structurally simple, multifunctional and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a universal health monitoring device. This triboelectric universal health monitoring device (TUHMD) was fabricated with cellulose paper and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) copolymer electrodes. This device demonstrated high sensitivity and notable identical signals on diverse body motions related to body muscles and respiratory system by mechanical triggering. The device was also observed to be sensitive to vocal cord vibration. Integration of this device with computer‐aided system offers real‐time data of physiological movement, potentially useful for personalized medicine, rehabilitation and remote monitoring of patients. The device was also tested from 30 to 90 beat per minute (BPM) load frequencies to observe the triboelectric performance of the device. TUHMD showed response as a triboelectric nanogenerator with a range of 12 V with negligible charge accumulation, along with a maximum capacitive performance of 11 F. This smart device showed a potential to be an advanced biomedical sensor for maintaining full health care or monitoring applications.
Pixel‐based drug release system: Achieving accurate dosage and prolonged activity for personalized medicine
Authors: Shafiee Ashkan , Ghadiri Elham , Atala Anthony 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have developed a pixel‐based drug release system that consists of several miniature drug cartridges capable of releasing accurate dosages and maintaining the drug within a therapeutic window. To achieve the goal of personalized medicine that takes into account targeted dosages, single or multiple miniature cartridges can be used to release the drug. Moreover, a release cascade with individual pixels in a time‐lag fashion can maintain the drug within the therapeutic window while prolonging its duration of activity. For high quality, dosage control, and precise administration, the amount of drug released from each miniature cartridge needs to be predicted accurately. As such, the total released amount over a specific time and the number of involved miniature cartridges can be optimized. We established a model based on analogizing our voltage‐triggered drug release system to capacitors, and mathematically determined the amount of release from every miniature cartridge. The model predicted that the procedure can be fitted using an exponential function. The characteristic time for the exponential fit was used to derive the predicting formula to be calibrated for each drug. We have shown that after calibration, the release of each miniature cartridge with different drugs and various initial loads can be predicted; therefore, a dosage release can be achieved based on each patient's need.
Compact broadband multi‐input multi‐output antenna covering 3300 to 6000 MHz band for 5G mobile terminal applications
Authors: Deng Changjiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this letter, a compact multi‐input multi‐output antenna operating at 3300 to 6000 MHz band is presented for 5G mobile terminals. The antenna includes four vertically placed blocks. Each block consists of two driven monopole elements and one parasitic ground branch. The parasitic branch is shared by both elements. It not only serves as radiator, but also is helpful to improve the port isolation in the lower band. By merging the multiple resonances provided by the driven monopole and the parasitic branch, wideband performance is achieved with a small block size of 28 × 4.2 mm2. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured −6 dB bandwidth covers 3340 to 6360 MHz band, with port isolation higher than 10 dB. The radiation efficiency of all the ports is higher than 45% across the band.
A novel design of energy efficient bidirectional passive optical green networks using reduced buffer with small packet size technique
Authors: Goyal Rakesh , Kaler Rajinder Singh , Rani Monika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnergy saving and reduction in the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur, etc. have become one of the prime focus for the deployment of next generation networks. Due to less power consuming, passive optical networks are the best promising solution for such networks. We have proposed different aggressive schemes to reduce the energy consumption viz. no buffer, with buffer, reduced buffer, and reduced buffer with small packet. We evaluated the performance of proposed schemes for downstream and upstream by exploring the relationship between power consumption, delay, and average traffic load. The “reduced buffer with small packet” scheme has shown a reduction of more than 35% of total leakage power at the central office with the compromise of delay in packets receiving.
X‐ray‐induced acoustic computed tomography for guiding prone stereotactic partial breast irradiation: a simulation study
Authors: Zheng Yue , Samant Pratik , Merill Jack , Chen Yong , Ahmad Salahuddin , Li Dengwang , Xiang Liangzhong 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of x‐ray‐induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) as an image guidance tool for tracking x‐ray beam location and monitoring radiation dose delivered to the patient during stereotactic partial breast irradiation (SPBI).MethodsAn in‐house simulation workflow was developed to assess the ability of XACT to act as an in vivo dosimetry tool for SPBI. To evaluate this simulation workflow, a three‐dimensional (3D) digital breast phantom was created by a series of two‐dimensional (2D) breast CT slices from a patient. Three different tissue types (skin, adipose tissue, and glandular tissue) were segmented and the postlumpectomy seroma was simulated inside the digital breast phantom. A treatment plan was made with three beam angles to deliver radiation dose to the seroma in breast to simulate SPBI. The three beam angles for 2D simulations were 17°, 90° and 159° (couch angles were 0 degrees) while the angles were 90 degrees (couch angles were 0°, 27°, 90°) in 3D simulation. A multi‐step simulation platform capable of modelling XACT was developed. First, the dose distribution was converted to an initial pressure distribution. The propagation of this pressure disturbance in the form of induced acoustic waves was then modeled using the k‐wave MATLAB toolbox. The waves were then detected by a hemispherical‐shaped ultrasound transducer array (6320 transducer locations distributed on the surface of the breast). Finally, the time‐varying pressure signals detected at each transducer location were used to reconstruct an image of the initial pressure distribution using a 3D time‐reversal reconstruction algorithm. Finally, the reconstructed XACT images of the radiation beams were overlaid onto the structure breast CT.ResultsIt was found that XACT was able to reconstruct the dose distribution of SPBI in 3D. In the reconstructed 3D volumetric dose distribution, the average doses in the GTV (Gross Target Volume) and PTV (Planning Target Volume) were 86.15% and 80.89%, respectively. When compared to the treatment plan, the XACT reconstructed dose distribution in the GTV and PTV had a RMSE (root mean square error) of 2.408 % and 2.299 % over all pixels. The 3D breast XACT imaging reconstruction with time‐reversal reconstruction algorithm can be finished within several minutes.ConclusionsThis work explores the feasibility of using the novel imaging modality of XACT as an in vivo dosimeter for SPBI radiotherapy. It shows that XACT imaging can provide the x‐ray beam location and dose information in deep tissue during the treatment in real time in 3D. This study lays the groundwork for a variety of future studies related to the use of XACT as a dosimeter at different cancer sites.
Increased ACE2 Expression in Bronchial Epithelium of COPD Patients who are Overweight
Authors: Higham Andrew , Singh Dave 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveMortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, higher BMI is related to severe disease. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 utilizes angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain cellular entry.MethodsWhether ACE2 bronchial epithelial expression is increased in COPD patients who have overweight compared with those who do not was investigated by RNA sequencing.ResultsIncreased ACE2 expression was observed in patients with COPD with overweight (mean BMI, 29 kg/m2) compared with those without overweight (mean BMI, 21 kg/m2) (P = 0.004).ConclusionsIncreased ACE2 expression may cause increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection of the respiratory tract. Overweight COPD patients may be at greater risk for developing severe COVID‐19.