bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free and forced bending vibrations of a thin plate in a perfect compressible fluid with energy dissipation taken into account
Authors: Paimushin V. N. , Tarlakovskii D. V. , Firsov V. A. , Gazizullin R. K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA refined statement of stationary dynamic acoustoelasticity problems of thin isotropic plates surrounded from both sides by acoustic media assumed to be perfect compressible fluids has been studed. The problem statement takes into account the energy dissipation in the material of the plate and fluid on the basis of the Kelvin‐Voigt hysteresis model. The refinement of the fluid behavior is based on the assumption that the pressure increment is proportional not only to volumetric strain, but also to the rate of its volumetric strain. This assumption allows us to obtain the generalized Helmholtz wave equation by introducing Skudrzyk's complex sound velocity into consideration to take account of the energy dissipation. The motion equations of the plate are based on the classical Kirchhoff‐Love model and are obtained in two versions. In the first version unsimplified three‐dimensional wave equations are used to determine the aerohydrodynamic load acting on a plate. The second version is based on simplifying the equations of fluid motion by the introduction of the well‐known hypothesis of plane reflection and emission of sound waves. On the basis of the derived equations, exact analytical solutions of two types of problems are obtained. The first type is related to the problem of free vibrations of a rectangular plate hinged around the contour when complex eigenfrequencies were defined. The second type is related to the problem of forced vibrations of the plate under the action of a flat mono‐harmonic incident sound wave when sound transmission loss, the stress‐strain state parameters of the plate as well as the laws of change in sound pressure in a fluid were determined. It is shown that correct and more meaningful solutions of acoustoelasticity problems of the considered class are possible only in case of describing the behavior of a fluid with unsimplified three‐dimensional wave equations with consideration of the energy dissipation.
Computation of effective piezoelectric properties of stratified composites and application to wave propagation analysis
Authors: Reda Hilal , Karathanasopoulos Nikos , Maurice Gérard , Ganghoffer Jean François , Lakiss Hassan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA methodology for the computation of the homogenized response of stratified piezoelectric materials is proposed. The stratified composite consists of the periodic repetition of piezoelectric layers. Its effective piezoelectric properties are obtained through a homogenization approach based on the method of oscillating functions. The method can fully consider not only the elastic attributes, but also the polarizations of the materials contained within the structure's layers. As such, it proves able to obtain the homogenized electromechanical response of the stratified piezoelectric structure in the form of parametric, closed‐form expressions, which depend on the material attributes of the layers building up the repetitive unit‐cell. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for the quasi‐electrostatic wave propagation analysis of stratified composites using the nonlocal piezoelectric (NLPE) theory. A two‐layer stratified composite is employed, created as an assembly of LiNbO3and PVDF layers. The structure's homogenized properties are used to compute the wave propagation characteristics with and without the influence of internal length parameters of the NLPE theory. The obtained results suggest that the effective properties of the stratified composite can be handily used to compute the effect of the electric field on the longitudinal and shear modes for the propagation direction of interest.
Genetic mapping using a wheat multi-founder population reveals a locus on chromosome 2A controlling resistance to both leaf and glume blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum
Authors: Lin Min , Corsi Beatrice , Ficke Andrea , Tan Kar-Chun , Cockram James , Lillemo Morten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Key message
A locus on wheat chromosome 2A was found to control field resistance to both leaf and glume blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum.

Abstract
The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of Septoria nodorum leaf blotch and glume blotch, which are common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases in humid and temperate areas. Susceptibility to Septoria nodorum leaf blotch can partly be explained by sensitivity to corresponding P. nodorum necrotrophic effectors (NEs). Susceptibility to glume blotch is also quantitative; however, the underlying genetics have not been studied in detail. Here, we genetically map resistance/susceptibility loci to leaf and glume blotch using an eight-founder wheat multiparent advanced generation intercross population. The population was assessed in six field trials across two sites and 4 years. Seedling infiltration and inoculation assays using three P. nodorum isolates were also carried out, in order to compare quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified under controlled conditions with those identified in the field. Three significant field resistance QTL were identified on chromosomes 2A and 6A, while four significant seedling resistance QTL were detected on chromosomes 2D, 5B and 7D. Among these, QSnb.niab-2A.3 for field resistance to both leaf blotch and glume blotch was detected in Norway and the UK. Colocation with a QTL for seedling reactions against culture filtrate from a Norwegian P. nodorum isolate indicated the QTL could be caused by a novel NE sensitivity. The consistency of this QTL for leaf blotch at the seedling and adult plant stages and culture filtrate infiltration was confirmed by haplotype analysis. However, opposite effects for the leaf blotch and glume blotch reactions suggest that different genetic mechanisms may be involved.
Combinatorial optimization applied to VLBI scheduling
Authors: Corbin A. , Niedermann B. , Nothnagel A. , Haas R. , Haunert J.-H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to the advent of powerful solvers, today linear programming has seen many applications in production and routing. In this publication, we present mixed-integer linear programming as applied to scheduling geodetic very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. The approach uses combinatorial optimization and formulates the scheduling task as a mixed-integer linear program. Within this new method, the schedule is considered as an entity containing all possible observations of an observing session at the same time, leading to a global optimum. In our example, the optimum is found by maximizing the sky coverage score. The sky coverage score is computed by a hierarchical partitioning of the local sky above each telescope into a number of cells. Each cell including at least one observation adds a certain gain to the score. The method is computationally expensive and this publication may be ahead of its time for large networks and large numbers of VLBI observations. However, considering that developments of solvers for combinatorial optimization are progressing rapidly and that computers increase in performance, the usefulness of this approach may come up again in some distant future. Nevertheless, readers may be prompted to look into these optimization methods already today seeing that they are available also in the geodetic literature. The validity of the concept and the applicability of the logic are demonstrated by evaluating test schedules for five 1-h, single-baseline Intensive VLBI sessions. Compared to schedules that were produced with the scheduling software sked, the number of observations per session is increased on average by three observations and the simulated precision of UT1-UTC is improved in four out of five cases ($${6}~\upmu \text {s}$$6μs average improvement in quadrature). Moreover, a simplified and thus much faster version of the mixed-integer linear program has been developed for modern VLBI Global Observing System telescopes.
The current status and further prospects for lung magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric radiology
Authors: Hirsch Franz Wolfgang , Sorge Ina , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Roth Christian , Gräfe Daniel , Päts Anne , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Anders Rebecca Marie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLung MRI makes it possible to replace up to 90% of CT examinations with radiation-free magnetic resonance diagnostics of the lungs without suffering any diagnostic loss. The individual radiation exposure can thus be relevantly reduced. This applies in particular to children who repeatedly require sectional imaging of the lung, e.g., in tumor surveillance or in chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. In this paper we discuss various factors that favor the establishment of lung MRI in the clinical setting. Among the many sequences proposed for lung imaging, respiration-triggered T2-W turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences have been established as a good standard for children. Additional sequences are mostly dispensable. The most important pulmonary findings are demonstrated here in the form of a detailed pictorial essay. T1-weighted gradient echo sequences with ultrashort echo time are a new option. These sequences anticipate signal loss in the lung and deliver CT-like images with high spatial resolution. When using self-gated T1-W ultrashort echo time 3-D sequences that acquire iso-voxel geometry in the sub-millimeter range, secondary reconstructions are possible.
T cell infiltration in both human multiple system atrophy and a novel mouse model of the disease
Authors: Williams Gregory P. , Marmion David J. , Schonhoff Aubrey M. , Jurkuvenaite Asta , Won Woong-Jai , Standaert David G. , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Harms Ashley S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in oligodendrocytes accompanied by inflammation, demyelination, and subsequent synapse and neuronal loss. Little is known about the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MSA. However, recent work has highlighted the important role of the immune system to the pathophysiology of other synuclein-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we investigated postmortem brain tissue from MSA patients and control subjects for evidence of immune activation in the brain. We found a significant increase of HLA-DR+ microglia in the putamen and substantia nigra of MSA patient tissue compared to controls, as well as significant increases in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in these same brain regions. To model MSA in vivo, we utilized a viral vector that selectively overexpresses α-syn in oligodendrocytes (Olig001-SYN) with > 95% tropism in the dorsal striatum of mice, resulting in demyelination and neuroinflammation similar to that observed in human MSA. Oligodendrocyte transduction with this vector resulted in a robust inflammatory response, which included increased MHCII expression on central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory monocytes into the CNS. We also observed robust infiltration of CD4 T cells into the CNS and antigen-experienced CD4 T cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes. Importantly, genetic deletion of TCR-β or CD4 T cells attenuated α-syn-induced inflammation and demyelination in vivo. These results suggest that T cell priming and infiltration into the CNS are key mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in MSA, and therapeutics targeting T cells may be disease modifying.
Cardiac catherization in Austria
Authors:   Austrian National Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Registry (ANCALAR), Österreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft (ÖKG), Mühlberger Volker , Kaltenbach Lalit , Bates Katie , Ulmer Hanno 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Background
Cardiac catheterization is one of the most widely performed cardiac interventional procedures worldwide. The Austrian National Catheterization Laboratory Registry (ANCALAR), started in 1992, collects annual data on cardiac catheterization in Austria. The registry enables in-depth understanding of the dynamics of cardiac catheterization procedures and their use across 34 cardiac catheterization laboratories in Austria.

Methods
Data from ANCALAR on cardiac catheterization including the latest data for 2017, voluntarily provided by centers with cardiac catheterization laboratories, were analyzed. Where possible, international comparisons in therapeutic and interventional cardiac procedures are made with Switzerland and Germany.

Results
Internationally, Austria ranks alongside the top countries in Europe. Whilst the number of people undergoing routine percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) remains stable, complex and acute interventions are increasing year by year in Austria.

Conclusion
Evidence from ANCALAR revealed that Austria is another example of the difficulties of weighing current guidelines with new emerging evidence and resulting real-life clinical practice in the dynamic world of interventional cardiology.
The dentato-rubro-thalamic tract as the potential common deep brain stimulation target for tremor of various origin: an observational case series
Authors: Coenen Volker Arnd , Sajonz Bastian , Prokop Thomas , Reisert Marco , Piroth Tobias , Urbach Horst , Jenkner Carolin , Reinacher Peter Christoph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Deep brain stimulation alleviates tremor of various origins. The dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) has been suspected as a common tremor-reducing structure. Statistical evidence has not been obtained. We here report the results of an uncontrolled case series of patients with refractory tremor who underwent deep brain stimulation under tractographic assistance.

Methods
A total of 36 patients were enrolled (essential tremor (17), Parkinson’s tremor (8), multiple sclerosis (7), dystonic head tremor (3), tardive dystonia (1)) and received 62 DBS electrodes (26 bilateral; 10 unilateral). Preoperatively, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging sequences were acquired together with high-resolution anatomical T1W and T2W sequences. The DRT was individually tracked and used as a direct thalamic or subthalamic target. Intraoperative tremor reduction was graded on a 4-point scale (0 = no tremor reduction to 3 = full tremor control) and recorded together with the current amplitude, respectively. Stimulation point coordinates were recorded and compared to DRT. The relation of the current amplitude needed to reduce tremor was expressed as TiCR (tremor improvement per current ratio).

Results
Stimulation points of 241 were available for analysis. A total of 68 trajectories were tested (62 dB leads, 1.1 trajectories tested per implanted lead). Tremor improvement was significantly decreasing (p < 0.01) if the distance to both the border and the center of the DRT was increasing. On the initial trajectory, 56 leads (90.3%) were finally placed. Long-term outcomes were not part of this analysis.

Discussion
Tremor of various origins was acutely alleviated at different points along the DRT fiber tract (above and below the MCP plane) despite different tremor diseases. DRT is potentially a common tremor-reducing structure. Individual targeting helps to reduce brain penetrating tracts. TiCR characterizes stimulation efficacy and might help to identify an optimal stimulation point.
The Hernia ‘CAMP’ model: a collaborative action to maximise productivity within the NHS
Authors: Koshy R. M. , Ali M. , Fernando T. , Menon V. S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
An ever-growing and long surgical waiting list is a challenge within the NHS. Long waiting times can result in complications of the condition with more challenging operations and additional procedures. All of which implies reduced quality of life for patients and increased strain on NHS finances. On an average there are about 160 patients on the waiting list for groin hernia surgeries, with over a half of them waiting more than 30 weeks. Three patients every year breach the 52 weeks timeline, flagging a never event, with negative implications for the trust.

Methods
The Hernia CAMP model was proposed to improve productivity and enhance patient experience. It helped create a pathway with experienced non-consultant surgeons, stepping up to free up consultants to attend to the pressing cancer and complex cases. This dedicated pathway, improved the patient experience and staff team-spirit too.

Results
The Hernia CAMP resulted in a 40% improvement in efficiency. With better ratio per list/session, it makes care more cost-effective. It also improved the work environment amongst staff and rapport with patients. The patient-peer support and greater involvement meant better overall experience too. This supportive environment also has the potential for theme-based learning and training.

Conclusions
The Hernia 'CAMP' is a transferable and adaptable model. It impacts not just long waiting lists, but also improves productivity with definite cost benefits, teambuilding, patient experience and creates a great opportunity to train too.
Modelling long-range interactions in multiscale simulations of ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Arjmand Doghonay , Poluektov Mikhail , Kreiss Gunilla 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtomistic-continuum multiscale modelling is becoming an increasingly popular tool for simulating the behaviour of materials due to its computational efficiency and reliable accuracy. In the case of ferromagnetic materials, the atomistic approach handles the dynamics of spin magnetic moments of individual atoms, while the continuum approximations operate with volume-averaged quantities, such as magnetisation. One of the challenges for multiscale models in relation to physics of ferromagnets is the existence of the long-range dipole-dipole interactions between spins. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate a way of including these interactions into existing atomistic-continuum coupling methods based on the partitioned-domain and the upscaling strategies. This is achieved by modelling the demagnetising field exclusively at the continuum level and coupling it to both scales. Such an approach relies on the atomistic expression for the magnetisation field converging to the continuum expression when the interatomic spacing approaches zero, which is demonstrated in this paper.
Clinical assessors’ working conceptualisations of undergraduate consultation skills: a framework analysis of how assessors make expert judgements in practice
Authors: Hyde Catherine , Yardley Sarah , Lefroy Janet , Gay Simon , McKinley Robert K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUndergraduate clinical assessors make expert, multifaceted judgements of consultation skills in concert with medical school OSCE grading rubrics. Assessors are not cognitive machines: their judgements are made in the light of prior experience and social interactions with students. It is important to understand assessors’ working conceptualisations of consultation skills and whether they could be used to develop assessment tools for undergraduate assessment. To identify any working conceptualisations that assessors use while assessing undergraduate medical students’ consultation skills and develop assessment tools based on assessors’ working conceptualisations and natural language for undergraduate consultation skills. In semi-structured interviews, 12 experienced assessors from a UK medical school populated a blank assessment scale with personally meaningful descriptors while describing how they made judgements of students’ consultation skills (at exit standard). A two-step iterative thematic framework analysis was performed drawing on constructionism and interactionism. Five domains were found within working conceptualisations of consultation skills: Application of knowledge; Manner with patients; Getting it done; Safety; and Overall impression. Three mechanisms of judgement about student behaviour were identified: observations, inferences and feelings. Assessment tools drawing on participants’ conceptualisations and natural language were generated, including ‘grade descriptors’ for common conceptualisations in each domain by mechanism of judgement and matched to grading rubrics of Fail, Borderline, Pass, Very good. Utilising working conceptualisations to develop assessment tools is feasible and potentially useful. Work is needed to test impact on assessment quality.
On the horofunction boundary of discrete Heisenberg group
Authors: Bader Uri , Finkelshtein Vladimir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider a finitely generated group endowed with a word metric. The group acts on itself by isometries, which induces an action on its horofunction boundary. The conjecture is that nilpotent groups act trivially on their reduced boundary. We will show this for the Heisenberg group. The main tool will be a discrete version of the isoperimetric inequality.
Extrinsic Factors Driving Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cell Progression in CNS Development and Injury
Authors: Baydyuk Maryna , Morrison Vivianne E. , Gross Phillip S. , Huang Jeffrey K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs) generate myelin membranes for the rapid propagation of electrical signals along axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide metabolites to support axonal integrity and function. Differentiation of OLs from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is orchestrated by a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the CNS. Disruption of this process, or OL loss in the developing or adult brain, as observed in various neurological conditions including hypoxia/ischemia, stroke, and demyelination, results in axonal dystrophy, neuronal dysfunction, and severe neurological impairments. While much is known regarding the intrinsic regulatory signals required for OL lineage cell progression in development, studies from pathological conditions highlight the importance of the CNS environment and external signals in regulating OL genesis and maturation. Here, we review the recent findings in OL biology in the context of the CNS physiological and pathological conditions, focusing on extrinsic factors that facilitate OL development and regeneration.
Procedural Acts as Double-Conventionalized Acts: Considerations on Conventional Acts Performed in a Courtroom Discourse
Authors: Gmerek Karolina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe subject of interest of this article is procedural acts considered as double-conventionalized acts. It is assumed in this article that in the case of procedural acts, one can distinguish two levels of conventionalization: (1) the level of a speech act and (2) the level of a procedural act. Both above-mentioned levels affect each other in various ways, what is discussed in the article. As assumed in the article, the analysis of acts characterized by this particular trait (double conventionalization) and with due account of this trait allows one to observe phenomena that can be hard or even impossible to notice in the process of analyzing acts that are deprived of this trait. Furthermore, it seems that the description of this type of acts may particularly enrich the current discussion on some properties of speech acts held on the grounds of philosophy of language or pragmalinguistics. The research material used in this article as an illustration consists of actual utterances of participants of Polish court proceedings used by them at a hearing.