bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and Insurance Impact on Hospital Admission From the Emergency Department for Patients Diagnosed With Heart Failure
Authors: Young Tammy 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to analyze if patient race and the presence of insurance predict the odds of admission from the emergency department (ED) for patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF).

BACKGROUND
Excessive hospital readmissions for patients with CHF are considered a quality-of-care issue. Previous studies have not considered race and insurance in conjunction with quality measures in predicting hospital admission from the ED for these patients.

METHODS
A secondary data analysis was conducted from cross-sectional archival data from the 2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey using cross-tabulations with χ
2 followed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
Race and the presence of insurance were not significant in predicting the odds of admission from the ED for patients with CHF.

CONCLUSIONS
Being seen in the ED within the last 72 hours and seen by provider types consulting physician and nurse practitioner were significant (P ≤ .05) in predicting the odds of admission related to a diagnosis of CHF.
Supporting Well-being Through the Implementation of Education and a Relaxing Retreat Space
Authors: Van Horne Sam , Downing Vanessa , Farley Heather 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine whether an innovative program including psychoeducation grounded in positive psychology and awareness of cognitive biases, along with access to a dedicated relaxation environment, would lower burnout for nurses.

BACKGROUND
Promoting well-being of nurses is an essential goal of healthcare leaders because of the negative effects of burnout out on nurses' health and patient outcomes.

METHODS
A prospective cohort analysis was conducted to examine whether exposure to the OASIS (Opportunity to Achieve Staff Inspiration and Strength) education content and using the OASIS rooms were associated with improvements in quality of life or turnover intention among nurses.

RESULTS
Nurses who reported receiving 3 to 6 education sessions and who used the OASIS room reported lower levels of burnout, on average, than nurses who did not receive any education sessions.

CONCLUSION
The OASIS program has the potential to be an effective, easy-to-deliver education program that can integrate well-being into the workday of nursing professionals.
Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes Among Adult Patients With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Vallone Marcelo G. , Vázquez Carolina , Pigretti Santiago , Oses Lucrecia L. , Angriman Federico , Zurru María C. 
Published: November 2020

Background:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological condition with unknown global incidence, variable clinical presentation, and prognosis.Objectives:To describe a cohort of patients with PRES with a focus on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns and their relationship with short-term clinical outcomes.Methods:Retrospective cohort study. The authors included patients if they were older than 15 years and had a PRES diagnosis on the basis of a positive brain MRI at any time during the in-hospital stay.Results:Forty-four patients were included in the present analysis. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 32.0-68.5) and 70.5% were women. Hypertension (59.1%), history of transplantation (27.3%), previous chemotherapy (27.3%), chronic renal failure (38.6%), and autoimmune disease (15%) were the main comorbid conditions present. The classic triad of seizures, headache, and visual impairment was present in 18.0% of the cases. Eighty-six percent of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, with 36.0% needing invasive life support. Brain MRI showed a dominant parieto-occipital pattern in 26 patients, whereas cytotoxic edema and bleeding were present in 27.3% and 29.6%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 11.4%. The median modified Rankin Scale at hospital discharge was 1 (0-2.5). Risk factors associated with low modified Rankin Scale scores were: headache, visual impairment, and parieto-occipital pattern. Decreased level of consciousness and mechanical ventilation requirement were associated with greater discharge disability.Conclusions:Characteristic symptoms and signs of PRES and classic MRI patterns are associated with better clinical outcomes.
The Effect of Blue-blocking Lenses on Photostress Recovery Times
Authors: Alzahrani Hind Saeed , Khuu Sieu K. , Ali Adiba , Roy Maitreyee 
Published: November 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
The selective reduction in visible wavelengths transmitted through commercially available blue-blocking lenses (BBLs) is known to influence the appearance and contrast detection of objects, particularly at low light levels. This influence may impair the human retinal receptor response time to dynamic light changes during photostress events.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess whether BBLs selectively affect photostress recovery times (PSRTs) for chromatic and achromatic stimuli of different Weber contrasts that were viewed on a dark black background.

METHODS
Photostress recovery times were measured in 12 younger participants (18 to 39 years old) with no history of ocular disease or abnormal vision. Photostress recovery times were evaluated for four brands of BBLs, which were compared with a control lens. In these experiments, after exposure to an intense light source for 5 seconds, the time taken to recover vision and correctly identify a computer-generated letter stimulus viewed under low and high luminance levels was determined, which means perception is likely to be governed by mesopic and photopic conditions. Across conditions, the letter stimulus was achromatic and chromatic and could differ in luminance contrast.

RESULTS
Under photopic stimulus conditions, although reducing luminance contrast increased PSRTs, BBLs had no significant effect on PSRTs relative to control lens. However, under mesopic stimulus conditions, BBLs significantly affect PSRTs for both achromatic (F
2.006,8.02 = 61.95, P < .0001) and chromatic stimuli (F
3,16 =139.01, P < .0001), particularly for blue targets, which had considerably longer PSRTs (38.40 seconds). The brand of BBL was also shown to selectively affect PSRTs, with those with transmittance profiles that block the most blue light having longer PSRTs.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggests that, although the color and contrast of the target stimuli affected recovery times, the difference in recovery times between different types of BBLs was noticed only under low-light-level stimulus conditions.
IRE1 Less Common Homozygous Genotype in Families With Positive History of Cancer and Individuals Born With Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Assis Ionária O. , Lacerda Rosa Helena W. , Cavalcante Bianca G.N. , Bezamat Mariana , Modesto Adriana , Vieira Alexandre R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to test if the marker rs196929 in IRE1 associated with cleft lip and palate depending on the family history for cancer. A consecutive sample of 836 individuals were recruited between April and October of 2019 (303 born with cleft lip and palate, 256 relatives mostly of the maternal side of individuals born with cleft lip and palate, and 277 unaffected unrelated individuals). Parents or guardians of the children answered a questionnaire with basic demographic information about their children and their family history of cleft lip and palate and cancer. DNA was obtained from whole saliva and IRE1 rs196929 was genotyped using TaqMan chemistry and end-point analysis. Over-representation of alleles was determined using chi-square as implemented in PLINK using an alpha of 0.05. There was an excess of less common homozygotes of IRE1 rs196929 among relatives of individuals born with cleft lip and palate when they had positive family history of cancer in comparison with individuals born with cleft lip and palate or with unrelated unaffected individuals (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.001, respectively). This pattern was similar when families reported one type of cancer or multiple ones, or when cancer affecting females (breast or reproductive tract) or the structures of the gastro-intestinal tract were considered. These results provide support for a role of the ER stress IRE1-XPB1 pathway in the higher frequency of cancer in families of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.
Invitro and Invivo Study of PCL-Hydrogel Scaffold to Advance Bioprinting Translation in Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Mukherjee Payal , Chung Johnson , Cheng Kai , Gupta Ruta , Haag Hannah , Williams Zoe , Wallace Gordon 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Bioprinting has shown promise in the area of microtia reconstruction. However clinical translation has been challenged by the lack of robust techniques to control delivery of stem cells. Hybrid printing allowing multiple materials, both cell and support, to be printed together may overcome these challenges.

Objective:
This study assesses the degradation behavior and tissue compatibility of hybrid scaffolds (PCL-Hydrogel) compared to single material Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in-vitro and in-vivo. Sheep demonstrate similar fascial anatomy to humans. This is the first reported study using a sheep model to study hybrid scaffolds for microtia.

Methods:
PCL and PCL-Hydrogel samples of increasing porosity were subjected to an accelerated enzymatic degradation assay to study degradation behavior in-vitro. In addition, a 6-month study using Merino-Dorset sheep was conducted to compare the biological reaction of the host to PCL and PCL-hydrogel scaffolds.

Results:
In-vitro degradation showed homogenous degradation of the scaffold. PCL presented the dominating influence on degradation volume compared to hydrogel. In-vivo, there was no evidence of skin irritation or infection over 6 months in both control and test, though PCL-hydrogel scaffolds showed higher levels of tissue ingrowth.

Conclusion:
Homogenous degradation pattern of porous scaffolds may create less surrounding tissue irritation. Hybrid scaffolds had good biological compatibility and showed better tissue ingrowth than PCL alone.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
Authors: Samanta Debopam , Ramakrishnaiah Raghu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a neurological disorder with early-onset alternating hemiplegia and other paroxysmal events such as epilepsy and dystonia due to de novo pathogenic mutations in the ATP1A3. Physicians and scientists investigated several agents in the treatment without strong evidence of definitive long-term benefit. Knowledge regarding utility of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment is scarce except the anecdotal report of corticosteroid use. We described 2 patients with AHC who were exposed to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment because of an alternative diagnosis. An 8-year-old girl received 4 years of periodic IVIG infusion and was free of paroxysmal events during the first 16 months of therapy. A 2-year-old boy received IVIG infusion for 10 months and remained seizure-free for 2 years since the beginning of the treatment, but without a definite change in hemiplegic episodes. Our report is the first description of IVIG use in patients with AHC. Although these patients did not achieve complete remission, partial responsiveness was noted. Although the definite role of IVIG in the treatment of AHC cannot be extrapolated from our study, further prospective controlled studies should be done because of the recent discovery of the connection between an anti-inflammatory hormone (Oubain) and Na+/K+ ATPase.
In Vitro Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Zoltán Köntös 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAerosolization of respiratory droplets is considered the main route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, reducing the viral load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed via respiratory droplets is potentially an ideal strategy to prevent the spread of the pandemic. Thein vitrovirucidal activity of intranasal Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) has been demonstrated recently to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 μg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 (USAWA1/2020 strain) virus stock was prepared by infecting Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) until cytopathic effect (CPE). The virucidal activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in three dilutions (1:1; 2:1 and 3:1) in triplicates by incubating at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) for either 60 or 90 seconds. The surviving viruses from each sample were quantified by a standard end-point dilution assay.ResultsEID (200 μg iodine/ml) after exposure for 60 and 90 seconds was compared to controls. In both cases, the viral titre was reduced by 99% (LRV 2.0). The 1:1 dilution of EID with virus reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus from 31,623 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCCID50) to 316 CCID50within 90 seconds.ConclusionSubstantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virusin vitroand therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
The hydroalcoholic extract ofUncaria tomentosa(Cat’s claw) inhibits the replication of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)in vitro
Authors: Yepes-Perez Andres F. , Herrera-Calderón Oscar , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Zapata-Cardona María I. , Yepes Lina , Aguilar Wbeimar , Rugeles María T. , Zapata Wildeman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious problem for public health since it was identified in the province of Wuhan (China) and spread around the world producing high mortality rates and economic losses. Nowadays, WHO recognizes traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine for treating COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the antiviral potential of the hydroalcoholic extract ofUncaria tomentosastem bark from Peru against SARS-CoV-2in vitro. The antiviral activity ofU. tomentosaagainst SARS-CoV-2in vitrowas assessed in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque reduction assay. After 48h of treatment,U. tomentosashowed an inhibition of 92.7 % of SARS-CoV-2 at 25.0 µg/mL (p<0.0001) by plaque reduction assay on Vero E6 cells. In addition,U. tomentosa, induced a reduction of 98.6 % (p=0.02) and 92.7 % (p=0.03) in the CPE caused by SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells at 25 µg/mL and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively. The EC50calculated forU. tomentosaextract by plaque reduction assay was 6.6 µg/mL (4.89 – 8.85 µg/mL) for a selectivity index of 4.1. The EC50calculated forU. tomentosaextract by TCID50assay was 2.57 µg/mL (1.05 – 3.75 µg/mL) for a selectivity index of 10.54. These results showed thatU. tomentosaknown as Cat’s claw has antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 observed as a reduction in the viral titer and CPE after 48h of treatment on Vero E6 cells. Therefore, we hypothesized thatU. tomentosastem bark, could be promissory to the development of new therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Automatic fruit morphology phenome and genetic analysis: An application in the octoploid strawberry
Authors: Zingaretti L.M. , Monfort A. , Pérez-Enciso M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAutomatizing phenotype measurement is needed to increase plant breeding efficiency. Morphological traits are relevant in many fruit breeding programs, as appearance influences consumer preference. Often, these traits are manually or semi-automatically obtained. Yet, fruit morphology evaluation can be boosted by resorting to fully automatized procedures and digital images provide a cost-effective opportunity for this purpose. Here, we present an automatized pipeline for comprehensive phenomic and genetic analysis of morphology traits extracted from internal and external strawberry images. The pipeline segments, classifies and labels the images, extracts conformation features, including linear (area, perimeter, height, width, circularity, shape descriptor, ratio between height and width) and multivariate (Fourier Elliptical components and Generalized Procrustes) statistics. Internal color patterns are obtained using an autoencoder to smooth out the image. In addition, we develop a variational autoencoder to automatically detect the most likely number of underlying shapes. Bayesian modeling is employed to estimate both additive and dominant effects for all traits. As expected, conformational traits are clearly heritable. Interestingly, dominance variance is higher than the additive component for most of the traits. Overall, we show that fruit shape and color can be quickly and automatically evaluated and is moderately heritable. Although we study the strawberry species, the algorithm can be applied to other fruits, as shown in the GitHub repositoryhttps://github.com/lauzingaretti/DeepAFS.
Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean plankton community interactome
Authors: Chaffron S. , Delage E. , Budinich M. , Vintache D. , Henry N. , Nef C. , Ardyna M. , Zayed A.A. , Junger P.C. , Galand P.E. , Lovejoy C. , Murray A. , Sarmento H. ,   Tara Oceans coordinators, Acinas S. , Babin M. , Iudicone D. , Jaillon O. , Karsenti E. , Wincker P. , Karp-Boss L. , Sullivan M.B. , Bowler C. , de Vargas C. , Eveillard D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMarine plankton form complex communities of interacting organisms at the base of the food web, which sustain oceanic biogeochemical cycles, and help regulate climate. Though global surveys are starting to reveal ecological drivers underlying planktonic community structure, and predicted climate change responses, it is unclear how community-scale species interactions will be affected by climate change. Here we leveragedTaraOceans sampling to infer a global ocean cross-domain plankton co-occurrence network –the community interactome– and used niche modeling to assess its vulnerabilities to environmental change. Globally, this revealed a plankton interactome self-organized latitudinally into marine biomes (Trades, Westerlies, Polar), and more connected poleward. Integrated niche modeling revealed biome-specific community interactome responses to environmental change, and forecasted most affected lineages for each community. These results provide baseline approaches to assess community structure and organismal interactions under climate scenarios, while identifying plausible plankton bioindicators for ocean monitoring of climate change.
BABEL enables cross-modality translation between multi-omic profiles at single-cell resolution
Authors: Wu Kevin E. , Yost Kathryn E. , Chang Howard Y. , Zou James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimultaneous profiling of multi-omic modalities within a single cell is a grand challenge for single-cell biology. While there have been impressive technical innovations demonstrating feasibility – for example generating paired measurements of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq – wide-spread application of joint profiling is challenging due to the experimental complexity, noise, and cost. Here we introduce BABEL, a deep learning method that translates between the transcriptome and chromatin profiles of a single cell. Leveraging a novel interoperable neural network model, BABEL can generate scRNA-seq directly from a cell’s scATAC-seq, and vice versa. This makes it possible to computationally synthesize paired multi-omic measurements when only one modality is experimentally available. Across several paired scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq datasets in human and mouse, we validate that BABEL accurately translates between these modalities for individual cells. BABEL also generalizes well to new biological contexts not seen during training. For example, starting from scATAC-seq of patient derived basal cell carcinoma (BCC), BABEL generated scRNA-seq that enabled fine-grained classification of complex cell states, despite having never seen BCC data. These predictions are comparable to analyses of the experimental BCC scRNA-seq data. We further show that BABEL can incorporate additional single-cell data modalities, such as CITE-seq, thus enabling translation across chromatin, RNA, and protein. BABEL offers a powerful approach for data exploration and hypothesis generation.
Label-free lymphocytes reconstitution using side scatter for optimal T cell manufacturing
Authors: Wu Tongjin , Luah Yen Hoon , Luo Yongqiang , Womersley Howard John , Cheow Lih Feng 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYLymphocyte biology research commonly involves purification of lymphocyte subpopulations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or immunomagnetic separation (IMS), both of which typically rely on antibody labeling of validated cell markers. Methods enabling label-free segregation of lymphocyte subpopulations would be invaluable with regard to less-perturbation, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Here, we introduce TRuST, a label-free approach forTcellreconstitutionusingside-scatter (SSC). TRuST-sorted SSClowcells enrich for CD4+T and naïve T cells, while SSChighcells enrich for CD8+T, NK and differentiated T cells. Enrichment purity can be improved by computational gate design. SSClowcells have superior expansion capacity and generate more central memory precursors with naïve-resembling cytokine responses. Moreover, we find that both T cell differentiation status and CD4/CD8 T ratio in the starting cellular material are critical attributes predicting T cell product quality and quantity. TRuST presents an effective and reliable technique for label-free lymphocytes selection and reconstitution.
A longitudinal study of E. coli lineages and antimicrobial resistance in Ecuadorian children
Authors: Calderón Diana , Cárdenas Paúl A. , Graham Jay , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe gastrointestinal tract (GIT) constitutes a complex and diverse ecosystem. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently studied and characterized species in the gut ecosystem. Nevertheless, there has been little research to determine their diversity and population dynamics in the intestines of children over time. Many intestinal E. coli lineages carry antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, which have implications in disease and public health. In this one-year prospective study, a fresh fecal sample was obtained from 30 children longitudinally for one year (n = 82 fecal samples). From each stool sample, five Escherichia coli colonies were randomly selected to characterize their genotype and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern (n = 405 E. coli isolates). We found that the most numerically dominant E. coli lineages in children’s intestines were transient colonizers, and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance varied significantly over time, however, ST131 a multi-drug resistant pathogen, and 3 additional STs persisted in a child’s intestine for 3 months or more.IMPORTANCEThe length of residency and numeric dominance of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli may affect the extent to which an isolate contributes to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. We studied the persistence of numerically dominant and antimicrobial-resistant lineages of E. coli in the human intestine and found that E. coli lineages in the gut of children change rapidly over time.