bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐glycosylation of PD‐1 promotes binding of camrelizumab
Authors: Liu Kefang , Tan Shuguang , Jin Wanjun , Guan Jiawei , Wang Qingling , Sun Huan , Qi Jianxun , Yan Jinghua , Chai Yan , Wang Zhongfu , Deng Chuxia , Gao George F 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPD‐1 is a highly glycosylated inhibitory receptor expressed mainly on T cells. Targeting of PD‐1 with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block the interaction with its ligand PD‐L1 has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors. However, polymorphisms at N‐glycosylation sites of PD‐1 exist in the human population that might affect antibody binding, and dysregulated glycosylation has been observed in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate varied N‐glycan composition in PD‐1, and show that the binding affinity of camrelizumab, a recently approved PD‐1‐specific MAb, to non‐glycosylated PD‐1 proteins from E. coli is substantially decreased compared with glycosylated PD‐1. The structure of the camrelizumab/PD‐1 complex reveals that camrelizumab mainly utilizes its heavy chain to bind to PD‐1, while the light chain sterically inhibits the binding of PD‐L1 to PD‐1. Glycosylation of asparagine 58 (N58) promotes the interaction with camrelizumab, while the efficiency of camrelizumab to inhibit the binding of PD‐L1 is substantially reduced for glycosylation‐deficient PD‐1. These results increase our understanding of how glycosylation affects the activity of PD‐1‐specific MAbs during immune checkpoint therapy.
Pandangan Syaykh Al-Zaytun A.S. Panji Gumilang Terhadap Pancasila Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah
Authors: Harmoko Pungki , Rohmah Siti Ngainnur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancasila as the ideology of the Indonesian people should become a spirit. In fact, he only became a mere jargon. The phenomena that occur are evidence, Bisexual, and Transgender, Gay, Lesbians (LGBT), corruption is rampant and has become a culture. God is only present in houses of worship but not present in daily activities. In other words, the concept of the precepts of Godhead fails to become the spirit of the nation. Automatic, the other precepts cannot be applied correctly. Shaykh Al-Zaytun (Grand Chancellor) Dr. (HC. MSU) U.S. Panji Gumilang has the view that Pancasila is a divine teaching. Not just jargon, but Pancasila can be applied well at Ma'had Az-Zaytun. Researchers tried to explore Shaykh's Al-Zaytun views on the Pancasila ideology through the book Al-Zaytun Sources of Inspiration (ASI). Then the view is associated with Siyasah Fiqh. After investigation, there is a relationship between Pancasila and Siyasah Dauliyah (international relations). This proves that the values contained in Pancasila are universal.Keywords: Pancasila, Ideology, Siyasah Dauliyah AbstrakPancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa Indonesia seharusnya menjadi ruh.. Kenyataannya, ia hanya menjadi jargon belaka. Fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi merupakan bukti. Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender (LGBT), korupsi yang merajalela dan menjadi budaya. Tuhan hanya hadir di rumah ibadah, namun tidak hadir dalam aktivitas keseharian. Dengan kata lain, konsep sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa gagal menjadi ruh bangsa. Otomatis, sila yang lain tidak mampu diaplikasikan dengan benar. Syaykh Al-Zaytun (Grand Chancellor) Dr. (HC. MSU) A.S. Panji Gumilang memiliki pandangan bahwa Pancasila merupakan ajaran ilahi. Bukan hanya sekedar jargon, namun Pancasila mampu diaplikasikan dengan baik di Ma’had Al-Zaytun. Peneliti mencoba menggali pandangan Syaykh Al-Zaytun terhadap ideologi Pancasila melalui buku Al-Zaytun Sumber Inspirasi (ASI). Kemudian pandangan tersebut dikaitkan dengan Fiqih Siyasah. Setelah diteliti, ada relasi antara Pancasila dengan Siyasah Dauliyah (hubungan internasional). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila bersifat universal.Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Ideologi, Siyasah Dauliyah
Collegiate Athletes’ Perceptions of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Authors: Ofei-Dodoo Samuel , Black Julia , Kirkover Michael , Lisenby Colin , Porter Andrew , Cleland Paul 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Many published studies have examined the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), but none has evaluated its role in treating collegiate athletes. The authors examined collegiate athletes’ perception of OMT.
Methods. A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 592 collegiate athletes was conducted from two universities in the midwestern United States during August-September 2019. The athletes completed a 12-item survey during pre-participation physical evaluations at their respective institutions. Main outcome measures included pain, need for pain medication, stress and anxiety associated with injuries, and overall satisfaction with the OMT in recovery and return to sports. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate association between the variables.
Results. The participation rate was 80.6% (477/592). Slightly fewer than 7% (31/477) of the athletes were familiar with OMT. Eighteen of the 31 athletes (58.1%) had received osteopathic manipulation as part of a treatment plan for injury. Of these athletes, 94.4% (17/18) reported a decreased need for pain medication and 83.3% (15/18) had reduced stress and anxiety related to their injury. One in three of them expressed interest in receiving osteopathic manipulation as a treatment option for an injury. The athletes reported general satisfaction with OMT in their recovery and return to sports.
Conclusion. The findings demonstrated the interest and benefits of OMT among collegiate athletes. This evidence supported previous findings about perceived efficacy of OMT in treating patients regardless of injury and diagnosis. Future studies need to establish causal relationship among OMT, stress and anxiety, pain, and use of pain medications.
Patterns of Injuries in Drowning Patients - Do These Patients Need a Trauma Team?
Authors: Hunn Eric , Helmer Stephen , Reyes Jared , Haan James 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Drowning is a major public health hazard worldwide, but associated traumatic injuries are rare. This study examined injuries and interventions performed on this population to assess the need for the trauma team activation.
Methods. A 12-year retrospective review was conducted on all fatal and non-fatal drowning patients who underwent a trauma work-up. Data collection included demographics, injury characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.
Results. Forty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Median patient age was six years (interquartile range 2 - 20) with 27.9% of patients under the age of 2 years. Most patients were white (62.8%) and male (69.8%), with median GCS score of 3 (60.5% had initial GCS = 3 with 25.6% with GCS = 15). Only two patients suffered traumatic injuries. Only two patients required operations, neither of which suffered traumatic injury. Eleven patients suffered anoxic brain injury (25.6%). Overall mortality was 48.8% (n = 21).
Conclusion. Patients who present with drowning and no traumatic mechanism have a very low rate of traumatic injuries. Work-up and treatment would be appropriate for emergency physicians without the need for a trauma activation.
Initiation of Postpartum Contraception by 90 Days at a Midwest Academic Center
Authors: Eisenach Natalie , Uvodich Mason , Wolff Sharon , French Valerie 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Contraception is a critical component of addressing the health needs of women in the postpartum period. We assessed contraception initiation by 90 days postpartum at a large, academic medical center in the Midwest.
Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, 299 charts were randomly sampled and 231 were analyzed from deliveries between May 1 to July 5, 2018. Contraceptive method, maternal demographics, and obstetric characteristics at hospital discharge were collected, as well as contraceptive method at the postpartum follow-up appointment. Methods and strata of contraception were categorized as follows: 1) highly effective methods (HEM) defined as sterilization, intrauterine device, or implant, 2) moderately effective methods (MEM) defined as injectable contraception, progestin-only pills, and combined estrogen/progestin pills, patches, and rings, and 3) less effective methods (LEM) defined as condoms, natural family planning, and lactational amenorrhea. Women lost to follow-up who had initiated a HEM or injectable contraception were coded as still using the method at 90 days. We used logistic regression to identity factors associated with HEM use.
Results. Of the 231 included patients, 118 (51%) received contraception before hospital discharge and 166 (83%) by 90 days postpartum. Postpartum visits were attended by 74% (171/231) of patients. Before hospital discharge, 28% (65/231) obtained a HEM and 41% (82/200) were using a HEM by 90 days postpartum. Patients obtaining HEM or injectable contraception before hospital discharge attended a follow-up visit less often than those who did not receive HEM before discharge (RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54 - 0.86, p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusion. When readily available, many women will initiate contraception in the postpartum period. Health systems should work to ensure comprehensive access to contraception for women in the postpartum period.
«Всё управление движением в руках женщин…»: к истории феминизации службы движения белгородского отделения Южной железной дороги НКПС СССР (1920-е – 1940-е гг.) (по материалам первичных партийных организаций)
Authors: Меньшикова Евгения Николаевна , Козлов Константин Викторович 
Published: October 2020

В статье на основе документов первичных партийных организаций железнодорожников воссоздается история процесса феминизации службы движенияБелгородского отделения Южной железной дороги НКПС СССР в 1920-е – 1940-е гг.Охарактеризованы исторические обстоятельства вовлечения женщин в сферу железнодорожного транспорта в послереволюционный период. Описаны условия и сферы профессиональной деятельности железнодорожниц в 1920-е гг., занятых в основном в «обслуживающем» сегменте службы движения. Выявлены факторы приобретения женщинами в 1930–1940-е гг. «командных» железнодорожных профессий (поездных диспетчеров (ДНЦ), начальников станции (ДС), дежурных по станции (ДСП)), главными из которых являлись повышение уровня образованиянаселения страны в целом и женщин конкретно, а также Великая Отечественная война.
Efek Diet Tinggi Fruktosa terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Rattus Rattus norvegicus Strain Wistar
Authors: Susanti Nurlaili , Rahmawati Ermin , Kristanti Risma Aprinda 
Published: October 2020

Sejak beribu tahun yang lalu, orang mengonsumsi fruktosa dalam jumlah terbatas dari buah-buahan segar dan sayuran. Fruktosa yang terdapat dalam bahan alami ini tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Akan tetapi saat ini, fruktosa banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis oleh industri makanan dan minuman dalam bentuk high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Fruktosa sangat efisien menginduksi lipogenesis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan pengaruh konsumsi fruktosa terhadap profil lipid pada hewan coba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan desain postest only controle group. Sampel dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing 6 ekor tikus terdiri dari tikus diet normal (K), tikus diet fruktosa 10% (P1), tikus diet fruktosa 30% (P2), dan tikus diet fruktosa 60% (P3). Fruktosa diberikan secara peroral dengan menggunakan sonde selama 8 minggu. Pada akhir penelitian, dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pengukuran profil lipid dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian pada tikus yang diberikan diet fruktosa menunjukkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan trigliserida yang signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol, sedangkan kadar HDL lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa diet tinggi fruktosa dapat menginduksi terjadinya dislipidemia. Kata Kunci: fruktosa, profil lipid.
Foundations of Culture of Peace and Peace Education as a means of Social Inclusion
Authors: Añaños Fanny T. , Rivera Maribel , Amaro Ana 
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and grounded approach to the culture and peace education, both linked to socio-educational inclusion, as well as to the related processes and methods. This is an original proposal from pedagogical and social education approaches where inclusion, its principles, methods, and processes are merged together and applied to peace education in order to construct/deconstruct and promote a culture of peace. The method consisted of an exhaustive and specialized documentary study of written, virtual, and database sources with a subsequent content analysis.
The conclusions highlight the importance and applicability of the socio-educational approach, coherent with the social reality, especially of vulnerable and conflictive groups, where inclusion is a crucial element to improve the quality of life and social coexistence. It is also a practice that contributes to overcome risk factors and favours protective and potential situations.
All of the above will have an impact on the strengthening and improvement of culture of peace as a tool for social and educational transformation, the protection of human rights, fair and sustainable development, management and transformation of life conflicts in the most comprehensive and inclusive way possible, inside and outside the school context.
Brace Effectiveness Is Related to 3-Dimensional Plane Parameters in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Cheung Amy Ka Po , Koh Hui Yu , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Although scoliosis is a 3-dimensional (3D) deformity, little research has been performed on the use of 3D imaging in brace curve correction. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of axial-plane parameters on the outcomes of bracing with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods:
This prospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who fulfilled the criteria for bracing according to the Scoliosis Research Society, and was conducted from the time the patient began wearing the brace through a minimum follow-up of 2 years or until a surgical procedure was performed. Radiographs made with use of an EOS Imaging System were used to reconstruct 3D images of the spine at the pre-brace, immediate in-brace, 1-year in-brace, and latest follow-up out-of-brace stages. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were performed to determine the association between axial rotation correction and curve progression at the time of the latest follow-up. Logistic regressions were performed to model the probability of risk of progression.

Results:
Fifty-three patients were enrolled, and 46 patients were included in the analysis. At the time of the latest follow-up, 30 patients did not experience curve progression and 16 patients had curve progression. There was no difference in baseline demographic characteristics between groups. For the transverse-plane parameters, there was a significant difference between non-progression and progression groups in pre-brace apical vertebral rotation (4.5° ± 11.2° compared with −2.4° ± 9.8°, respectively; p = 0.044) and in 1-year in-brace apical vertebral rotation correction velocity (2.0° ± 5.0°/year compared with −1.7° ± 4.4°/year, respectively; p = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed that pre-brace apical vertebral rotation (odds ratio, 1.063; 95% confidence interval, 1.000 to 1.131; p = 0.049) and 1-year in-brace apical vertebral rotation correction velocity (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.021 to 1.38; p = 0.026) were associated with an increased risk of curve progression. There was no difference in Scoliosis Research Society 22-Item scores between patients who experienced curve progression and those who did not.

Conclusions:
In this prospective study, we demonstrated that axial-plane parameters and the correction of these parameters during bracing are related to the successful use of the brace.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
BrrICE1.1 is associated with putrescine synthesis through regulation of the arginine decarboxylase gene in freezing tolerance of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa)
Authors: Yin Xin , Yang Yunqiang , Lv Yanqiu , Li Yan , Yang Danni , Yue Yanling , Yang Yongping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In the agricultural areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, temperature varies widely from day to night during the growing season, which makes the extreme temperature become one of the limiting factors of crop yield. Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a traditional crop of Tibet grown in the Tibet Plateau, but its molecular and metabolic mechanisms of freezing tolerance are unclear. Results: Here, based on the changes in transcriptional and metabolic levels of Tibetan turnip under freezing treatment, the expression of the arginine decarboxylase gene BrrADC2.2 exhibited an accumulative pattern in accordance with putrescine content. Moreover, we demonstrated that BrrICE1.1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1) could directly bind to the BrrADC2.2 promoter, activating BrrADC2.2 to promote the accumulation of putrescine, which was verified by RNAi and overexpression analyses for both BrrADC2.2 and BrrICE1.1 using transgenic hair root. The function of putrescine in turnip was further analyzed by exogenous application putrescine and its inhibitor DL-α-(Difluoromethyl) arginine (DFMA) under freezing tolerance. In addition, the BrrICE1.1 was found to be involved in the ICE1-CBF pathway to increase the freezing stress of turnip. Conclusions: BrrICE1.1 could bind the promoter of BrrADC2.2 or CBFs to participate in freezing tolerance of turnip by transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics analyses. This study revealed the regulatory network of the freezing tolerance process in turnip and increased our understanding of the plateau crops response to extreme environments in Tibet.
Incidence and risk factors of Postdural Puncture Headache: Prospective cohort study design
Authors: Weji Bedilu Girma , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Melese Kidest Getu , Azeze Gedion Asnake 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background:Postdural puncture headache is one of the complications following spinal anaesthesia and accidental dural puncture. Several modifiable risk factors contribute to the development of headache after lumbar puncture, which includes needle size, needle design, direction of the bevel and number of lumbar puncture attempts. This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk of postdural puncture headache.Methods:This prospective cohort study design was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Regular supervision and follow-up were performed. Data were entered into Epi info version 7 software and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were computed. The findings of the study were reported using tables, figures and narrations. Variables that were found to be candidates (p value < 0.25) on binary logistic regression entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of postdural puncture headache.Results:One hundred fifty eligible study participants were included in our study, of which 28.7% had developed postdural puncture headache. This study found that needle size, number of cerebro spinal fluid drops and multiple attempts were significant independent predictors of postdural puncture headache (p < 0.05). In addition, twenty-five needles were identified as the strongest preoperative independent predictor of postdural puncture headache (AOR = 4.150, CI = 1.433- 12.021)Conclusions:A recent study revealed that a small spinal needle was much better than a large cutting spinal needle regarding the frequency of postdural puncture headache. In addition, frequent attempts during lumbar puncture and increased cerebro spinal fluid leakage were associated with the events. In view of this, we recommend the use of a small spinal needle to avoid more leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and multiple attempts at spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture.
The Physical Activity Wearables in the Police Force (PAW-Force) study: Acceptability and impact
Authors: Buckingham Sarah Ann , Morrissey Karyn , Williams Andrew James , Price Lisa , Harrison John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Policing is a highly stressful and increasingly sedentary occupation. The study aim was to assess the acceptability and impact of a mobile health (mHealth) technology intervention (Fitbit® activity monitor and ‘Bupa Boost’ smartphone app) to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary time in the police force.Methods: Single-group, pre-post, mixed methods pilot study. Police officers and staff (n=180) were recruited from two police forces in South West England. Participants used the technology for 12 weeks (an ‘individual’ then ‘social’ phase) followed by five months of optional use. Data sources included Fitbit®-recorded objective step count, questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews (n=32). Outcome assessment points were baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 6), post-intervention (week 12) and follow-up (month 8). Paired t-tests were used to investigate changes in quantitative outcomes. Qualitative analysis involved framework and thematic analysis.Results: Changes in mean daily step count were non-significant (p>0.05), but self-reported PA increased in the short term (e.g. +465.4 MET-minutes/week total PA baseline to week 12, p=0.011) and longer term (e.g. +420.5 MET-minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous PA baseline to month 8, p=0.024). The greatest impact on behaviour was perceived by less active officers and staff. There were no significant changes in sedentary time; the qualitative findings highlighted the importance of context and external influences on behaviour. There were no statistically significant changes (all p-values >0.05) in any secondary outcomes (physical and mental health-related quality of life, perceived stress and perceived productivity), with the exception of an improvement in mental health-related quality of life (SF-12 mental component score +1.75 points, p=0.020) from baseline to month 8. Engagement with and perceived acceptability of the intervention was high overall, but a small number of participants reported negative physical (skin irritation) and psychological (feelings of guilt and anxiety) consequences of technology use. Individual app features (such as goal-setting and self-monitoring) were generally preferred to social components (social comparison, competitions and support). Conclusions: mHealth technology is an acceptable and potentially impactful intervention for increasing PA in the police force. The intervention was less useful for reducing sedentary time and the impact on secondary outcomes is unclear.Trial registration: NCT03169179 (registered 30th May 2017).