bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary checklist of spider fauna (Araneae: Arachnida) of Chandranath Hill, Goa, India
Authors: Pandit Rupali , Dharwadkar Mangirish 
Published: August 2020

The present investigation is a very first attempt to generate the checklist of spiders from Chandranath Hill, Paroda, Quepem, Goa. A preliminary study was conducted from June 2018 to March 2020 to document the spider diversity from the region. In all, 125 species of spiders belonging to 102 genera from 19 families were identified. The dominant families were Salticidae followed by Araneidae. Guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, namely, orb weavers, foliage runners, ground runners, stalkers, space-web builders and ambushers. This study has not only highlighted the need for conservation of this ecosystem due to the significant species diversity and endemic species but has also filled the lacuna of spider study in Goa to form the foundation for further investigation. Extensive research on the spiders from Chandranath Hill in the future can certainly expect further new discoveries.
High-Density Lipoprotein Carries Markers That Track With Recovery From Stroke
Authors: Plubell Deanna L. , Fenton Alex M. , Rosario Sara , Bergstrom Paige , Wilmarth Phillip A. , Clark Wayne M. , Zakai Neil A. , Quinn Joseph F. , Minnier Jessica , Alkayed Nabil J. , Fazio Sergio , Pamir Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

Rationale:
Prospective cohort studies question the value of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for stroke risk prediction.

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between long-term functional recovery and HDL proteome and function.

Methods and Results:

Changes in HDL protein composition and function (cholesterol efflux capacity) in patients after acute ischemic stroke at 2 time points (24 hours, 35 patients; 96 hours, 20 patients) and in 35 control subjects were measured. The recovery from stroke was assessed by 3 months, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin scale scores. When compared with control subject after adjustments for sex and HDL-C levels, 12 proteins some of which participate in acute phase response and platelet activation (APMAP [adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein], GPLD1 [phosphate inositol-glycan specific phospholipase D], APOE [apolipoprotein E], IHH [Indian hedgehog protein], ITIH4 [inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor chain H4], SAA2 [serum amyloid A2], APOA4 [apolipoprotein A-IV], CLU [clusterin], ANTRX2 [anthrax toxin receptor 2], PON1 [serum paraoxonase/arylesterase], SERPINA1 [alpha-1-antitrypsin], and APOF [apolipoprotein F]) were significantly (adjusted
P
<0.05) altered in stroke HDL at 96 hours. The first 8 of these proteins were also significantly altered at 24 hours. Consistent with inflammatory remodeling, cholesterol efflux capacity was reduced by 32% (
P
<0.001) at both time points. Baseline stroke severity adjusted regression model showed that changes within 96-hour poststroke in APOF, APOL1, APMAP, APOC4 (apolipoprotein C4), APOM (apolipoprotein M), PCYOX1 (prenylcysteine oxidase 1), PON1, and APOE correlate with stroke recovery scores (
R
2
=0.38–0.73, adjusted
P
<0.05). APOF (
R
2
=0.73) and APOL1 (
R
2
=0.60) continued to significantly correlate with recovery scores after accounting for tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) treatment.

Conclusions:
Changes in HDL proteins during early acute phase of stroke associate with recovery. Monitoring HDL proteins may provide clinical biomarkers that inform on stroke recuperation.
Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Lin Honghuang , Sardana Mayank , Zhang Yuankai , Liu Chunyu , Trinquart Ludovic , Benjamin Emelia J. , Manders Emily S. , Fusco Kelsey , Kornej Jelena , Hammond Michael M. , Spartano Nicole L. , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H. , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Chris , Borrelli Belinda , Murabito Joanne M. , McManus David D. 
Published: August 2020

Rationale:
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Smartwatches enable accurate daily activity monitoring for physical activity measurement and intervention. Few studies, however, have examined physical activity measures from smartwatches in relation to traditional risk factors associated with future risk for CVD.

Objective:
To investigate the association of habitual physical activity measured by smartwatch with predicted CVD risk in adults.

Methods and Results:

We enrolled consenting FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants in an ongoing eFHS (electronic Framingham Heart Study) at the time of their FHS research center examination. We provided participants with a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and instructed them to wear it daily, which measured their habitual physical activity as the average daily step count. We estimated the 10-year predicted risk of CVD using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2013 pooled cohort risk equation. We estimated the association between physical activity and predicted risk of CVD using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, and familial structure. Our study included 903 eFHS participants (mean age 53±9 years, 61% women, 9% non-White) who wore the smartwatch ≥5 hours per day for ≥30 days. Median daily step count was similar among men (7202 with interquartile range 3619) and women (7260 with interquartile range 3068;
P
=0.52). Average 10-year predicted CVD risk was 4.5% (interquartile range, 6.1%) for men and 1.2% (interquartile range, 2.2%) for women (
P
=1.3×10
−26
). Every 1000 steps higher habitual physical activity was associated with 0.18% lower predicted CVD risk (
P
=3.2×10
−4
). The association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily physical activity measured by a study smartwatch was associated with lower predicted risk of CVD. Future research should examine the longitudinal association of prospectively measured daily activity and incident CVD.
Application of the IDEMIX Concept for Internal Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere
Authors: Quinn B. , Eden C. , Olbers D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe model Internal Wave Dissipation, Energy and Mixing (IDEMIX) presents a novel way of parameterizing internal gravity waves in the atmosphere. IDEMIX is based on the spectral energy balance of the wave field and has previously been successfully developed as a model for diapycnal diffusivity, induced by internal gravity wave breaking in oceans. Applied here for the first time to atmospheric gravity waves, integration of the energy balance equation for a continuous wave field of a given spectrum, results in prognostic equations for the energy density of eastward and westward gravity waves. It includes their interaction with the mean flow, allowing for an evolving and local description of momentum flux and gravity wave drag. A saturation mechanism maintains the wave field within convective stability limits, and a closure for critical-layer effects controls how much wave flux propagates from the troposphere into the middle atmosphere. Offline comparisons to a traditional parameterization reveal increases in the wave momentum flux in the middle atmosphere due to the mean-flow interaction, resulting in a greater gravity wave drag at lower altitudes. Preliminary validation against observational data show good agreement with momentum fluxes.
Bayesian Model Averaging of Climate Model Projections Constrained by Precipitation Observations over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Massoud E. C. , Lee H. , Gibson P. B. , Loikith P. , Waliser D. E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study utilizes Bayesian model averaging (BMA) as a framework to constrain the spread of uncertainty in climate projections of precipitation over the contiguous United States (CONUS). We use a subset of historical model simulations and future model projections (RCP8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We evaluate the representation of five precipitation summary metrics in the historical simulations using observations from the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites. The summary metrics include mean, annual and interannual variability, and maximum and minimum extremes of precipitation. The estimated model average produced with BMA is shown to have higher accuracy in simulating mean rainfall than the ensemble mean (RMSE of 0.49 for BMA versus 0.65 for ensemble mean), and a more constrained spread of uncertainty with roughly a third of the total uncertainty than is produced with the multimodel ensemble. The results show that, by the end of the century, the mean daily rainfall is projected to increase for most of the East Coast and the Northwest, may decrease in the southern United States, and with little change expected for the Southwest. For extremes, the wettest year on record is projected to become wetter for the majority of CONUS and the driest year to become drier. We show that BMA offers a framework to more accurately estimate and to constrain the spread of uncertainties of future climate, such as precipitation changes over CONUS.
The Treatment of Rib Fractures
Authors: Farley Paige , Mullen Parker R. , Taylor Catherine N. , Lee Yannleei L. , Butts Charles C. , Simmons Jon D. , Brevard Sidney B. , Kinnard Christopher M. 
Published: August 2020

Background Rib fractures are a major problem characterized by pain, increased length of stay, and respiratory complications. Treatments include fixation, management with opiates, paraspinous local anesthetic pumps, and intercostal nerve blocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of treatment options and compare clinically relevant outcomes. Methods Patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center with multiple rib fractures between 2015 and 2019 were screened. We included all participants treated with surgical fixation and/or intercostal nerve block or local anesthetic pump. Patients were case-matched 1:2 by Injury Severity Score (ISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) Chest and Head, age, and number of rib fractures. Outcomes assessed were hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, ventilator days, pneumonia, and tracheostomy rates. Results We identified 25 patients who received rib fixation and intercostal analgesia. Of these, 14 cases were treated with liposomal bupivaicaine nerve block and 11 by paraspinous catheter block. Fifty control cases treated with opiates were identified. All patients survived to discharge. Cases and controls were approximately equivalent in age, ISS, number of fractured ribs, chest AIS, and head AIS. Rib-plated patients had a lower rate of pneumonia (OR 0.2029, 95% CI 0.0242, 0.09718), decreased average ICU LOS (10.62 vs 6.64, P = .018), and decreased average ventilator days (5.44 vs 1.68, P = .003). Discussion Findings suggest more aggressive treatment of rib fractures may decrease ICU LOS, ventilator days, and pneumonia in patients with multiple rib fractures. These findings are in line with current literature; however, more research is needed in this area.
Genetic deletion of Rgs12 in mice affects serotonin transporter expression and function in vivo and ex vivo
Authors: White Allison N , Gross Joshua D , Kaski Shane W , Trexler Kristen R , Wix Kim A , Wetsel William C , Kinsey Steven G , Siderovski David P , Setola Vincent 
Published: August 2020

Background: Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins inhibit G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including the signals that arise from neurotransmitter release. We have shown that RGS12 loss diminishes locomotor responses of C57BL/6J mice to dopamine transporter (DAT)-targeting psychostimulants. This diminution resulted from a brain region-specific upregulation of DAT expression and function in RGS12-null mice. This effect on DAT prompted us to investigate whether the serotonin transporter (SERT) exhibits similar alterations upon RGS12 loss in C57BL/6J mice. Aims: Does RGS12 loss affect (a) hyperlocomotion to the preferentially SERT-targeting psychostimulant 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (b) SERT expression and function in relevant brain regions, and/or (c) serotonergically modulated behaviors? Methods: Open-field and spontaneous home-cage locomotor activities were quantified. 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and SERT levels in brain-region homogenates, as well as SERT expression and function in brain-region tissue preparations, were measured using appropriate biochemical assays. Serotonergically modulated behaviors were assessed using forced swim and tail suspension paradigms, elevated plus and elevated zero maze tests, and social interaction assays. Results: RGS12-null mice displayed no hyperlocomotion to 10 mg/kg MDMA. There were brain region-specific alterations in SERT expression and function associated with RGS12 loss. Drug-naïve RGS12-null mice displayed increases in both anxiety-like and anti-depressive-like behaviors. Conclusion: RGS12 is a critical modulator of serotonergic neurotransmission and serotonergically modulated behavior in mice; lack of hyperlocomotion to low dose MDMA in RGS12-null mice is related to an alteration of steady-state SERT expression and 5-HT uptake.
Incidence of interval breast cancer among women aged 45–49 in an organised mammography screening setting
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Ravaioli Alessandra , Baldacchini Flavia , Giuliani Orietta , Mancini Silvia , Vattiato Rosa , de Bianchi Priscilla Sassoli , Ferretti Stefano , Falcini Fabio 
Published: August 2020

Objective To estimate the proportional incidence (PI) of first- and second-year interval breast cancer among women aged 45–49. Methods In the Emilia-Romagna Region (northern Italy), women aged 45–49 are invited to mammography screening annually, and women aged 50–74 biennially. For younger ones, the proportional incidence of interval cancer in the first and unique interval year was calculated using standard methods. For the second, hypothetical year, it was estimated using two different estimates of the ratio between the second- and the first-year proportional incidence observed among women aged 50–54. Overall, 567,151 negative mammography records were used. Results In the first interval year, the observed proportional incidence of interval cancer among women aged 45–49 was 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.33), within the European limit considered desirable for women aged 50–69 (<0.30). In the second, hypothetical interval year, the estimated proportional incidence ranged from 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.86) to 0.48 (95% CI, 0.31–0.76) depending on whether the estimate was based on data from the pre-digital or digital era, respectively. Conclusion The more up-to-date estimate of 0.48, slightly below the maximum limit considered acceptable for women aged 50–69 (<0.50), suggests that a screening interval of two years may also be an acceptable option for women aged 45–49.
“If You Call Them, They Will Come”: A Telephone Call Reminder to Decrease the No-Show Rate in an Outpatient Palliative Medicine Clinic
Authors: Lagman Ruth L. , Samala Renato V. , LeGrand Susan , Parala-Metz Armida , Patel Chirag , Neale Kyle , Carrino Cheryl , Rybicki Lisa , Gamier Pamela , Mauk Mary Ellen , Nowak Molly 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: A high outpatient clinic no-show rate affects clinical outcomes, increases healthcare costs, and reduces both access to care and provider productivity. In an effort to reduce the no-show rate at a busy palliative medicine outpatient clinic, a quality improvement project was launched consisting of a telephone call made by clinic staff prior to appointments. The study aimed to determine the effect of this intervention on the no-show rate, and assess the financial impact of a decreased no-show rate. Methods and Materials: The outpatient clinic no-show rate was measured from September 1 to December 31, 2015. Data from the first 8 months of the calendar year was removed since these could not be verified. Starting January 1, 2016, patients received a telephone call reminder 24 hours prior to their scheduled outpatient appointment for confirmation. No-show rate was again measured for the calendar year 2016. Opportunity costs were calculated for unfulfilled clinic visits. Results: Of the 1224 completed visits from September 1 to December 31, 2015, 271 were no-shows with an average rate of 11.8%. After the intervention, there were 4368 completed visits and 562 no-shows. The no-show rate for 2016 averaged 6.9% (p < 0.001), down 4.9% from the last 4 months of 2015. Estimated opportunity costs were about 396 no-show visits avoided, equivalent to an annual savings of about $79,200. Conclusion: A telephone call reminder to patients 24 hours prior to their appointment decreased the no-show rate in an outpatient palliative medicine clinic. Avoiding unfulfilled visits resulted in substantial opportunity costs.
Impact of Maternal Smoking on Nonsyndromic Clefts: Sex-Specific Associations With Side and Laterality
Authors: Kruse Teresa , Mangold Elisabeth , Braumann Bert 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare the incidence of right-sided versus left-sided, and unilateral versus bilateral, nonsyndromic clefting in the affected offspring of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Design: Self-report data on periconceptual and first trimester smoking behavior were collected from 842 mothers of children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefting. Differences in the incidence of left- versus right-sided clefts, and of unilateral versus bilateral clefts, were analyzed between the children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Setting: Interviews and clinical examinations took place at 8 specialist centers in Germany. Patients and Participants: Children with nonsyndromic clefts were recruited during the course of surgical or orthodontic treatment, or within the context of the annual control consultation. Patients with cleft palate only or missing data were excluded. The final cohort comprised 842 patients (540 males and 302 females) with unilateral or bilateral clefts. The respective mothers were interviewed. Main Outcome Measure: Side and laterality of nonsyndromic clefts were the main outcome measures. Results: Children of smoking mothers more often had right-sided clefts than children of nonsmoking mothers (42% right-sided clefts in children of smoking mothers vs 31% of nonsmoking mothers). Children of smoking mothers more often had bilateral clefts than children of nonsmoking mothers (35% bilateral clefts in children of smoking mothers vs 29% of nonsmoking mothers). Sex-specific analyses confirmed substantially and statistically significant associations only for girls. Conclusions: The results suggest that maternal smoking is a sex-specific, exogenous determinant of laterality and side in nonsyndromic clefts.
Breast Cancer Fear Among Mexican American Women in the United States
Authors: Flores-Luevano Silvia , Shokar Navkiran K , Dwivedi Alok Kumar , Shokar Gurjeet S , Defeu Sandrine N 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Fear has been described as potentially important in affecting breast cancer screening completion. Limited information is available on the prevalence and determinants of fear among Mexican American women. This study describes perceived breast cancer fear and its association with personal characteristics and screening behavior among Mexican American women. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected during the implementation of the Breast Cancer Education, Screening and NavigaTion program among eligible uninsured women in two Texas border counties. Participants completed a 26-item survey to assess eligibility, risk status, prior screening, and breast cancer fear. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were used to determine associations between the fear score, personal characteristics, and mammography screening. Results: In all, 1916 of 2012 eligible women completed the study. The mean age was 57.3 years, 99.2% were Hispanic, and 88% were born in Mexico; 15% had a family history of breast cancer and 14% had never had a mammogram. The mean breast cancer fear score was 25.5 (standard deviation: 10.52; range: 8-40); 54.0 % (95% confidence interval: 52.1%-56.7%) had a high fear level. In multivariable analyses, better health status ( P < .001), older age ( P = .039), birth in the United States ( P = .020), and having a regular doctor ( P = .056) were associated with lower fear scores. There was no association between breast cancer fear and mammography screening. Conclusion: Breast cancer fear is high and varies by personal characteristics and health status among uninsured Mexican American border-residing women due for screening, but is not associated with screening behavior. Further research is needed to clarify the effect of interventions designed to help reduce breast cancer fear among these women, including educational interventions to reduce breast cancer fear.
Interactive patient education via an audience response system in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Stoevesandt Dietrich , Weber Andreas , Wienke Andreas , Bethge Steffi , Heinze Viktoria , Kowoll Simone , Schlitt Axel 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Patient education and compliance play an important role in the success of rehabilitation in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to analyze whether interactive learning methods, in this study, the audience response system with a “clicker,” can improve the learning success of patients during and after their rehabilitation process. Methods: In a randomized, prospective cohort study, a total of 260 patients were randomized to either an interactive training group using Athens audience response system or to a control group without the use of audience response system during the educational sessions. Patients were taught and tested on four different topics concerning their primary disease: heart failure, arterial hypertension, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and coronary heart disease. After each session, the patients had to answer questions on the previously taught topics via questionnaires. These questions were asked again at the day of discharge, as well as 3 and 12 months after discharge. Additional information on the patients’ health, plus their mental status, was gathered with the help of further questionnaires (HADS and SF-12). Results: A total of 260 patients (201 men and 59 women) were recruited. The patients were on average 61.1 ± 11 years old. A significant short-term effect on the patients’ knowledge about their disease was found immediately after the educational sessions in the intervention group. However, there was no long-term effect in either the intervention or control group. Although there was no statistical significance found in any of the observations, a positive short-term effect on learning capacity as well as positive trends in mental and physical health after discharge could be found in patients after the use of audience response system during their rehabilitation. Conclusion: This study provides interesting and new data on the use of an interactive learning method for patients to gain knowledge about their primary disease and eventually improve their physical and mental health status in a long-term perspective. By implementing different and new ways of teaching and interaction during the hospitalization, not only patients, but also medical staff and caregivers could benefit.