bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment-routing controls on sandstone bulk petrographic composition and texture across an ancient shelf: Example from Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, Utah and Colorado, U.S.A.
Authors: Lupin Janifar H. , Hampson Gary J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSediment-routing controls on sandstone texture and bulk petrography have been evaluated in linked alluvial–coastal–shelfal deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Castlegate Sandstone, Blackhawk Formation, Star Point Sandstone, and Mancos Shale (Western Interior Basin, Utah and Colorado, USA) using thin-section analysis of representative outcrop samples in the context of a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic and paleogeographic framework. The studied strata record deposition from two styles of sediment-routing system within an overfilled foredeep and contiguous intra-continental seaway. First, multiple transverse drainages supplied sand to fluvial, shoreline, and shelf segments of sediment-routing systems characterized by down-dip transport distances of 150–450 km and significant strike-oriented sediment transport along the shoreline. Second, the distal shoreline–shelf segment of an axially supplied sediment-routing system was characterized by sand transport for a distance of c. 300 km.Bulk petrographic composition indicates that transverse sediment-routing systems were sourced from catchments that supplied quartz-rich sand with a subordinate lithic component, while the large axial sediment-routing system was sourced from a catchment(s) supplying slightly more feldspathic sand. Thin-section measurements of mean grain size, sorting, skewness, and ratio of minimum-to-maximum diameter (a proxy for sphericity) are similar for sandstones deposited in fluvial, shoreline, and shelf segments of the transverse sediment-routing systems and in the shoreline–shelf segment of the axial sediment-routing systems, although hydrodynamic sorting is important in locally segregating grain-size populations within each segment. Further, textural analysis of detrital quartz, feldspar, and lithic sand-grain populations shows little evidence of relative change in mean grain size or apparent grain sphericity with downsystem distance, implying that sand-grain populations of different petrographic composition did not undergo significant differential mechanical breakdown during transport. Instead, the textural characteristics of these sand-grain populations are inferred to have been controlled mainly by bedrock lithology and recycling in source catchments. The textural signal of sediment-source areas then propagated downsystem in the sand fraction of detrital sediment supply. This inference is supported by the fine- to medium-grained, well- to very well-sorted character of all sandstone samples, consistent with recycling of sandstones and quartzites from the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt.
Measurement of the Diameter of the Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct among Healthy Adult Sudanese Subjects using Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Elgasim Rani Abu , Abukonna Ahmed , Elgyoum Ala , Zidan Mogahid , Mahmoud Mustafa , Fagiry Moram , Osman Hamid , Adam Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatic duct (PD) diameter among healthy adult Sudanese subjects using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). In addition, this study aimed to determine the effects of age, gender, and body height and weight on the CBD and PD diameters to establish a reference range for these ducts on MRCP, which is very useful in a daily clinical setting where MRCP is commonly performed to evaluate suspected biliary tract disease. Methods and Results: This study included 80 asymptomatic subjects who underwent MRCP. The widest diameter of the CBD and PD was measured perpendicular to their long axes using the electronic caliper. The applied MRCP imaging technique was in line with the guidelines used by Chen et al.(2012) The age, gender, medical history, body height and body weight were recorded.	Among the 80 subjects, the mean CBD diameter on MRCP was 6.17±0.69 mm (range of 4-8 mm). There was a significant correlation between the CBD diameter and weight (r=0.407, P<0.001). The mean PD diameter on MRCP was 3.80±0.50mm (range of 2-5 mm). There was also a significant correlation between the PD diameter and weight (r=0.407, P<0.001). In the cohort of 80 subjects, the mean CBD diameter in females was larger than in males(6.50±0.632mm and 5.95±0.677mm, respectively), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, the mean PD diameter in females was statistically larger than in males (6.03±0.66mm and 5.58±0.675mm, respectively), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Our results demonstrate no significant correlation between the diameter of CBD and PD and participants' height and age. Conclusion: The importance of the current study lies in it’s being one of the few studies whose intention was to use MRCP to bridge the knowledge gap in the literature about the measurement of the CBD and PD diameter among healthy adult Sudanese subjects.
Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Emotional Problems in Rural Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Kosovtseva Ariuna , Rychkova Lyubov , Pogodina Anna , Polyakov Vladimir , Ajurova Zhanna 
Published: December 2020

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and emotional functioning are important parameters of weight-loss motivation. The aim of this study was to identify the association between emotional/personal characteristics and HRQL in adolescents with overweight and obesity.	Methods and Results: Our cross-sectional case-control study included 172 adolescents: 19 of them overweight, 67 obese, and 86 healthy. We measured anthropometry and performed a psychological examination (PedsQL 4.0, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Personality inventory Mini-SMIL). Negative correlations prevailed between PedsQL scales and psychological traits of healthy adolescents: increases in anxiety, covert anger, and depression were associated with a decrease of HRQL (Total Scale Scores, Psychosocial Health Score, Physical Health Score, and Emotional, Social and School functioning). The psychological impairment (Irritability, Resentment, Guilt, Covert anger) positively correlated with a change in HRQL (Total Scale Scores, Psychosocial Health Score, and Physical Health Score) in obese adolescents.	Conclusion: Obese adolescents had an inadequate association between HRQL and emotional state: the accumulation of anxiety and aggression was accompanied by an increase in HRQL. These difficulties can be a barrier to having treatment and weight-loss motivation.
Improving Transplant Opportunities for Patients who are Sensitized (ITOPS): Protocol for a Feasibility, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Griffin Sian , Rees Tracey , Sweity Samaher , Williams Helen , Pankhurst Laura , Clarke Brendan , Collett Dave , Ilyas Duha , Edgar Maureen , Dyer Claire , Daga Sunil , Ravanan Rommel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
• Background: Kidney transplantation offers a better quality of life and a clear survival advantage compared to long-term dialysis. However, rates of transplantation are low for highly sensitized patients (HSP) who have a broad specificity of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) specific antibodies. This is because the presence of pre-formed HLA Donor Specific Antibodies can result in hyperacute rejection and is an immunological veto to transplantation. The proportion of eligible donors therefore decreases with increasing sensitization, resulting in increased waiting time prior to transplantation. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a combination of B cell depletion and proteasome inhibition, together with antibody removal and steroids, to reduce HLA antibodies in HSP, predicted to improve rates of transplantation, and to determine the feasibility of conducting a future definitive trial. • Methods: ITOPS is a multi-center, randomized parallel, non-blinded, controlled phase III feasibility trial. The participants will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the trial intervention (rituximab followed by 1-2 cycles of plasmapheresis, bortezomib and dexamethasone) or control group (no intervention). • Discussion: The primary outcome is the proportion of patients achieving an absolute reduction in sensitization (calculated reaction frequency, cRF) of at least 10% at 12 weeks following their last intervention, compared to the control group. Secondary outcomes include recruitment and transplantation rates, durability of change and absolute percentage change in cRF, and acceptability of the intervention. We will proceed to development of a larger trial if at least 50% of the participants in the intervention arm achieve an absolute reduction in cRF of a minimum of 10% at 12 weeks following their last intervention. If the proportion is <50% in the intervention arm but 50% is included within the 95% confidence interval, then consideration to proceed to a larger randomized trial will be given alongside other aspects of feasibility.• Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN66441193 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN66441193
WITHDRAWN: Amorphizing noble metal for single-atom-layer catalysis
Authors: He Yongmin , Liu Liren , Zhu Chao , Golani Prafful , Koo Bonhyeong , Guo Shasha , Tang Pengyi , Zhao Zhiqiang , Xu Manzhang , Zhu Chao , Yu Peng , Wang Xuewen , Zheng Lu , Yang Jiefu , Shin Byungha , Arbiol Jordi , Wang Qi Jie , Zhang Zhuhua , Liu Zheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rational design of noble catalysts with a potential to leverage efficiency at the atomic scale is vital for industrial applications. Such an ultimate atom-utilization efficiency can be achieved when all noble atoms exclusively contribute to catalysis. Here, we demonstrate a scalable synthesis of freestanding amorphous PtSex (where 1.2 < x < 1.3) layers acting as single-atom-layer of Pt catalysts with an unprecedentedly high atom-utilization efficiency (~ 30 wt%) at the monolayer limit. The amorphous PtSex behaviors a fully-activated surface accessible to catalytic reactions. The catalytic performance of the amorphous layer is featured by a nearly 100% current density relative to a pure Pt surface and reliable production of sustained high-flux hydrogen over a 2-inch sized wafer sample as a proof-of-concept. Furthermore, an electrolyser using the PtSex amorphous layer as a cathode is demonstrated to generate a high current density of 1000 mA cm− 2. Such an amorphization strategy is potentially extendable to other noble metals, including Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, and Ru elements, demonstrating the universality of single-atom-layer catalysts.
Increased dose of re-irradiation therapy improves the survival of patients with local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Xun , Hu Xingsheng , Chen Junru , He Lang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Local recurrence (LR) threatens the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study interrogated the optimal re-irradiation dose for the LRESCC following radical (chemo) radiotherapy.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 125 patients with LRESCC after initial radiotherapy. For the radiotherapy dose, 58 patients were assigned to low-dose (LD) group (50–54 Gy) while the remaining 67 were classified into the high-dose (HD) group (55–60 Gy). We recorded the response rate (complete + partial response), 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate, and toxicity. We then analyzed the impact of the different radiotherapy doses, and combination chemotherapy on the survival of the LRESCC patients.Results: After re-irradiation, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 48.3%, 24.1% and 10.3% in the LD group, and 61.2%, 34.3% and 19.4% in the HD group (P<0.05), respectively. The median survival time of patients receiving radiotherapy alone was 9 months in the LD group and 15 months in the HD group (P<0.05). Whereas the survival rate of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy was higher than that of patients treated with radiotherapy alone in the LD group, chemoradiotherapy showed no advantage over radiotherapy alone in the HD group. In addition, the incidence of esophagitis, the most common toxicity, was higher in the HD group compared to the LD group (68.7% vs 58.6%, P<0.05). Our multivariate analysis demonstrated that re-irradiation dose was an independent favorable prognostic factor in patients with LRESCC.Conclusion: Taken together, our data shows that, increasing the re-irradiation therapy dose (55-60Gy) improves the long-term survival of patients with LRESCC after radiotherapy, with tolerable toxicity.
Diagnostic Utility of AMCAR and p63 Cocktail Antibody in the Benign and Malignant Lesions of Prostate
Authors: Chougani Sujitha , V Sunandalakshmi G , Kharidehal Durga , V Ravi Sankar , Vissa Santhi 
Published: December 2020

Background: Histopathological examination of prostatic specimen is gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Current study evaluates the expression of AMACR and p63 in the prostate lesions using AMACR and p63 cocktail.
Materials and Method: Total of 180 cases were collected and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining performed followed by immunohistochemical analysis using AMACR and p63 antibody.
Result: Out of 180 cases, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is the most common lesion noted in about 120 cases. In this study, the predominant population was in the 6th to 7th decade of age. Most of the patients presented with difficulty in micturition. Immunohistochemistry revealed that p63 expression is positive in all normal basal cells, 118 cases (98.33%) were negative for AMACR and only 2 cases were showing focal and weak AMACR immunoreactivity. AMACR was positive in all the 6 HGPIN cases with variable intensity. Out of 5 LGPIN cases AMACR was positive in 3 cases with low intensity, remaining 2 cases shows AMACR negative. p63 is positive in all 11 PIN cases (LGPIN & HGPIN) showing discontinuous staining pattern. All 22 cases of Prostatic adenocarcinomas were negative for p63 and all cases expressed positive immunostaining with AMACR. A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made in 48% of atypical cases. Cases which were negative for both AMACR and p63 were diagnosed as Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation, for which further follow-up is required.

Conclusion: AMACR/p63 Cocktail antibody is very much useful as it saves time, tissue and is cost-effective.
Skin Adnexal Tumors: A study of 26 cases
Authors: Viswanathan Vidya , Dharwadkar Arpana , Vimal Shruti , Bhandari Parul , Malhotra Aditi , Paul Barnali 
Published: December 2020

Background: Skin adnexal tumours are a category of rare tumours. They usually present as painless nodules and papules. The diagnosis of these tumours poses a challenge, because there is usually a discrepancy in clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Aims: To study the skin biopsies received in our department and compare their clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Material and methods: Prospective study of skin biopsies received in our department over a period of 1 year. The biopsies were processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and studied under the light microscope.
Results: Out of the 26 cases studied, 25 were found to be benign tumours with a single case of keratoacanthoma. The most common tumour encountered was pilomatricoma and the least common was syringoma. Only four cases showed clinical correlation with histopathological diagnosis.
Conclusion: It can be therefore concluded that skin adnexal tumours are rare tumours which need histopathological examination for their accurate diagnosis.
Rapid and de-centralized model for municipal effluent reclamation using microalgae
Authors: Palkar Juilee , Navale Mahesh , Lali Arvind , Pandit Reena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microalgal bioremediation is currently being venerated for its potential in municipal liquid waste (MLW) treatment. Algae-based water treatment with retention time competitive to the conventional water treatment processes is a challenge. The present study investigated the role of algal biomass concentration to improve treatment efficiency to reduce the time required for water treatment. Eighty percent removal of pollutants (in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, phosphate and fecal coliforms) was obtained in 12 hours at a biomass concentration of 1 gL−1. Further, continuous treatment of MLW using membrane-assisted photobioreactor was established. The treatment led to &gt;95% removal of ammonia, &gt;75% removal of COD and 100% removal of fecal coliforms within 12 hours. Physiological assessment of the algal culture showed that the cells did not manifest symptoms of stress throughout the reactor cycle, a consequence of continuous availability of the nutrients, maintaining the culture in continuous growth state.
Modelling a ‘business case’ for blue-green infrastructure: lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit
Authors: Zhang Kefeng , Deletic Ana , Dotto Cintia B. S. , Allen Ross , Bach Peter M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStormwater management through Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) delivers multiple benefits across urban environments. However, current integrated modelling tools fail to provide a simplified way of assessing these benefits. In this study, we reflected upon the development of an interdisciplinary BGI planning-support tool, known as the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit (the WSC Toolkit) and offer guidance for effective tool development going forward. Based on interdisciplinary research, the WSC Toolkit incorporates a suite of independent sub-modules but can be connected together to provide integrated assessment, allowing evidence-based quantification of multiple benefits associated with BGI, e.g., stormwater treatment and harvesting, stream hydrology, erosion, minor flooding, urban microclimate, etc. Distinguished from other larger complex models, the WSC Toolkit was characterised by its simplicity, modularity and extensibility, providing scenario-based integrated assessment of these benefits. Through case studies, we demonstrated how the WSC Toolkit can be used to support improved decision-making towards maximising the benefits of BGI. We also showed how it can act as a platform for practical application of latest research outcomes and meanwhile encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration. We reflect upon five key lessons that could guide future researchers in developing effective integrated assessment tools, particularly within highly interdisciplinary fields such as BGI.
The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Salem Hilmi S. , Yihdego Yohannes , Muhammed Hadi Hamaaziz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated wastewater as an additional water resource in the national water resources' management plans of Mediterranean countries. The use of wastewater for irrigation is an important tool for water resources' supplement. However, the reuse of effluent in irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Furthermore, inappropriate management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also pose problems for plant production and the physical and chemical properties of soils. This paper presents some approaches to understand the impacts of reusing treated wastewater. It also presents a critical analysis of the treated wastewater's reuse for irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), while shedding light on the water status in the OPT. The paper investigates the wastewater treatment and reuse for agricultural irrigation, especially in the lack of control of Palestinians on their own freshwater resources in the OPT.
Diferenciais salariais por gênero e cor no setor turístico de Capixaba, Espírito Santo, Brasil
Authors: Dias Lázaro , Bezerra Évilly , Santos Priscila , Freitas Clailton 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho busca analisar o efeito da educação, da experiência e da idade no salário de trabalhadores formais no setor de turismo para o Estado do Espírito Santo. Também são investigadas eventuais disparidades salariais entre homens e mulheres e discriminação por raça/cor. Para tal faz-se uso dos microdados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) dos anos 2006 e 2016, presentes na plataforma do Ministério da Economia. Os resultados obtidos através das regressões por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e MQO com correção robusta foram estatisticamente significativos em sua vasta maioria. Escolaridade, idade e experiência tiveram os sinais positivos esperados, ceteris paribus, a partir das estimações verificou-se que, em média, as mulheres recebem salários menores que os homens em trabalhos formais no turismo, e não foi verificada uma expressiva diferença salarial por raça/cor.
Palavras-chave: Salário. Turismo. Espírito Santo.
Políticas públicas de turismo na região de Serra Negra, Bezerros – Pernambuco: o estudo das ações governamentais de 2013 a 2018
Authors: Lopes Alba de Oliveira Barbosa , Barbosa da Silva Maria Claudlena 
Published: December 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo investigar ações governamentais desenvolvidas no distrito de Serra Negra, Pernambuco, voltadas para a atividade turística. Esta pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva está relacionada a ações governamentais no período de 2013 a 2018. A coleta de dados é baseada em documentos institucionais nos níveis nacional, estadual e municipal, além de entrevista semiestruturada com a gestora municipal de turismo. Observou-se que algumas ações foram concluídas e outras, que se concentram diretamente na preservação da região, ainda estão em fase de elaboração ou implementação. Algumas ações são desconhecidas da administração local, apesar de mencionadas em documentos do governo estadual. Serra Negra foi inserida em três Programas como objeto de políticas públicas: Prodetur Nacional de Pernambuco, Pernambuco para o Mundo e Regionalização do Turismo. As informações sobre a execução local do Programa Pernambuco para o Mundo e do Programa de Regionalização do Turismo não foram obtidas a partir da pesquisa documental, nem da entrevista, o que pode indicar que essas políticas públicas não foram realizadas. No caso do Prodetur Nacional de Pernambuco, o projeto de valorização turística da região foi parcialmente realizado. Há uma gestão desarticulada entre o poder local e a liderança das ações do poder estadual, por isso é necessário fortalecer a institucionalização municipal para que atuem mais ativamente nas decisões de turismo. Além de fortalecer a gestão local, é necessário ativar o Conselho Municipal para que os interesses dos atores privados, o terceiro setor e a comunidade local também possam ser incluídos na agenda pública do turismo.
Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas. Turismo. Planejamento. Serra Negra.