bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic identification against traffic in human beings
Authors: Lorente Jose A. , Saiz Maria , Haarkötter Christian , Robles‐Fernandez Inmaculada , Alvarez‐Cubero Maria J. , Galvez Xiomara , Martinez‐Gonzalez Luis J. , Lorente‐Remon Begona , Alvarez Juan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe trafficking of human beings is one of the most heinous crimes on earth. Shamefully, human trafficking remains a lucrative business in 2020, just as it was thousands of years ago. The estimated astonishing number of victims would most likely surprise nonexperts. The prosecution of human trafficking is often difficult and requires the identification of victims. The fields of forensic anthropology and forensic odontology are of the highest value for this purpose. Forensic genetics is also of interest and can be applied not only to solving crimes but also to preventing them. At the University of Granada, we aim to pioneer the application of these technologies to both solve and prevent human trafficking. In 1999, we introduced the first national missing persons genetic identification program, the Spanish Phoenix Program; in 2004, we created and launched DNA‐PROKIDS, designed to deter child trafficking; and in 2016, we created DNA‐ProORGAN, a program that is currently being developed to identify transplanted organs, by obtaining DNA samples from the donor, the transplanted organ, and the recipient, to track transplants and identify illegal activities. Several tasks remain, despite existing technological advances and international cooperation. National missing persons databases must be enlarged, and new ones must be created, to facilitate the generation of reliable data. Specific legislation, at the national level, can be enacted to support database development and promote international interactions. These advances would help solve crimes and prevent them, representing the primary challenge faced by forensic science community in the 21st century.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > DNA Databases and Biometrics
The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients receiving voriconazole therapy for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Kosmidis Chris , Mackenzie Anna , Harris Chris , Hashad Rola , Lynch Fiona , Denning David W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVoriconazole has been associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in transplant patients but less is known about the risk in less severely immunosuppressed patients. Our aim was to estimate the incidence of cSCC after voriconazole exposure in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis on a background of chronic lung disease. The notes of patients seen at a tertiary referral centre from 2009 to 2019 with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis were reviewed for the diagnosis of cSCC and voriconazole use documented. Among 1111 patients, 668 (60.1%) received voriconazole for longer than 28 days. Twelve patients received a diagnosis of cSCC; nine had used voriconazole. Mean duration of voriconazole use was 36.7 months. The crude incidence rate was 4.88 in 1000 person/years in those who had voriconazole and 2.79 in 1000 patient/years in those who did not receive voriconazole for longer than 28 days. On Cox regression, age (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.01) and male gender (HR 3.97, 95% CI 0.84–18.90, p = 0.082) were associated with cSCC. Voriconazole use was associated with a slightly increased risk, which was not significant (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.35–5.20, p = 0.659). Voriconazole use beyond 28 days did not lead to a significantly increased risk of cSCC in a large cohort of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Automated MRI perfusion-diffusion mismatch estimation may be significantly different in individual patients when using different software packages
Authors: Deutschmann Hannes , Hinteregger Nicole , Wießpeiner Ulrike , Kneihsl Markus , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Michenthaler Manuela , Enzinger Christian , Hassler Eva , Leber Stefan , Reishofer Gernot 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To compare two established software applications in terms of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) lesion volumes, volume of critically hypoperfused brain tissue, and calculated volumes of perfusion-diffusion mismatch in brain MRI of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
Brain MRI examinations of 81 patients with acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation were analyzed. The volume of hypoperfused brain tissue, ADC volume, and the volume of perfusion-diffusion mismatch were calculated automatically with two different software packages. The calculated parameters were compared quantitatively using formal statistics.

Results
Significant difference was found for the volume of hypoperfused tissue (median 91.0 ml vs. 102.2 ml; p < 0.05) and the ADC volume (median 30.0 ml vs. 23.9 ml; p < 0.05) between different software packages. The volume of the perfusion-diffusion mismatch differed significantly (median 47.0 ml vs. 67.2 ml; p < 0.05). Evaluation of the results on a single-subject basis revealed a mean absolute difference of 20.5 ml for hypoperfused tissue, 10.8 ml for ADC volumes, and 27.6 ml for mismatch volumes, respectively. Application of the DEFUSE 3 threshold of 70 ml infarction core would have resulted in dissenting treatment decisions in 6/81 (7.4%) patients.

Conclusion
Volume segmentation in different software products may lead to significantly different results in the individual patient and may thus seriously influence the decision for or against mechanical thrombectomy.

Key Points
• Automated calculation of MRI perfusion-diffusion mismatch helps clinicians to apply inclusion and exclusion criteria derived from randomized trials.
• Infarct volume segmentation plays a crucial role and lead to significantly different result for different computer programs.
• Perfusion-diffusion mismatch estimation from different computer programs may influence the decision for or against mechanical thrombectomy.
Divergence exists in the subcellular distribution of intramuscular triglyceride in human skeletal muscle dependent on the choice of lipid dye
Authors: Strauss Juliette A. , Shepherd Daisy A. , Macey Myfanwy , Jevons Emily F. P. , Shepherd Sam O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite over 50 years of research, a comprehensive understanding of how intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) is stored in skeletal muscle and its contribution as a fuel during exercise is lacking. Immunohistochemical techniques provide information on IMTG content and lipid droplet (LD) morphology on a fibre type and subcellular-specific basis, and the lipid dye Oil Red O (ORO) is commonly used to achieve this. BODIPY 493/503 (BODIPY) is an alternative lipid dye with lower background staining and narrower emission spectra. Here we provide the first quantitative comparison of BODIPY and ORO for investigating exercise-induced changes in IMTG content and LD morphology on a fibre type and subcellular-specific basis. Estimates of IMTG content were greater when using BODIPY, which was predominantly due to BODIPY detecting a larger number of LDs, compared to ORO. The subcellular distribution of intramuscular lipid was also dependent on the lipid dye used; ORO detects a greater proportion of IMTG in the periphery (5 μm below cell membrane) of the fibre, whereas IMTG content was higher in the central region using BODIPY. In response to 60 min moderate-intensity cycling exercise, IMTG content was reduced in both the peripheral (− 24%) and central region (− 29%) of type I fibres (P < 0.05) using BODIPY, whereas using ORO, IMTG content was only reduced in the peripheral region of type I fibres (− 31%; P < 0.05). As well as highlighting some methodological considerations herein, our investigation demonstrates that important differences exist between BODIPY and ORO for detecting and quantifying IMTG on a fibre type and subcellular-specific basis.
Imaging lung regeneration by light sheet microscopy
Authors: Salwig Isabelle , Spitznagel Birgit , Wiesnet Marion , Braun Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptical clearing combined with deep imaging of large biological specimen allows organ-wide visualization of cells in three dimensions (3D) to explore regenerative processes in a spatial context. Here, we investigate the dynamics of airway regeneration following toxin-mediated epithelial injury in cleared whole lung preparations by light sheet microscopy. We use a recently developed knock-in mouse strain labeling bronchiolar Club cells (Scgb1a1-mCherry) to define an optimal clearing procedure that efficiently preserves genetically encoded fluorophores. Dehydration in pH-adjusted tert-butanol followed by clearing in ethyl cinnamate maintained maximum mCherry fluorescence while preventing unfavorable background fluorescence. We apply this technique to depict the course of bronchiolar epithelial renewal from an acute injury phase to early and late recovery stages. 3D reconstructions of whole lungs demonstrate near-complete loss of secretory Club cells throughout the entire respiratory tract 3 days post naphthalene (dpn). Multiple foci of regenerating Club cells emerge at 7 dpn, predominantly at airway bifurcations and in distal terminal bronchioles—anatomical regions assumed to harbor distinct stem/progenitor cells subsets. At 21 dpn, clusters of newly formed Club cells have largely expanded, although the bronchiolar epithelial lining continues to regenerate. This study identifies regional stem cell niches as starting points for epithelial recovery, underscores the enormous regenerative capacity of the respiratory epithelium and demonstrates the power of whole lung 3D imaging for evaluating the extent of pulmonary damage and subsequent repair processes.
Spatio-temporal distribution of tubulin-binding cofactors and posttranslational modifications of tubulin in the cochlea of mice
Authors: Juergens Lukas , Bieniussa Linda , Voelker Johannes , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe five tubulin-binding cofactors (TBC) are involved in tubulin synthesis and the formation of microtubules. Their importance is highlighted by various diseases and syndromes caused by dysfunction or mutation of these proteins. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin promote different characteristics, including stability-creating subpopulations of tubulin. Cell- and time-specific distribution of PTMs has only been investigated in the organ of Corti in gerbils. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the cell type-specific and time-specific expression patterns of TBC proteins and PTMs for the first time in murine cochleae over several developmental stages. For this, murine cochleae were investigated at the postnatal (P) age P1, P7 and P14 by immunofluorescence analysis. The investigations revealed several profound interspecies differences in the distribution of PTMs between gerbil and mouse. Furthermore, this is the first study to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of TBCs in any tissue ever showing a volatile pattern of expression. The expression analysis of TBC proteins and PTMs of tubulin reveals that these proteins play a role in the physiological development of the cochlea and might be essential for hearing.
Critical assessment of staining properties of a new visualization technology: a novel, rapid and powerful immunohistochemical detection approach
Authors: Seidl M. , Weinhold B. , Jacobsen L. , Rasmussen O. F. , Werner M. , Aumann Konrad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunohistochemical staining of tissue sections is a vital technique in pathological diagnostics and theranostics. Several kinds of detection systems are available—each of them with their advantages and disadvantages. Here we present the results of a study assessing a prototype immunohistochemical detection technology (PIDT) for visualization of antigens in tissue sections. Different tumor tissues (n = 11) were stained with selected antibodies (n = 30) and a subset of these under different fixation conditions. The staining properties were assessed according to six staining quality parameters (signal distribution, intensity, tissue and slide background, acutance, clarity of details, and subcellular morphological details), and the results were compared with those of a well-established detection system (EnVision FLEX). Overall, both detection methods revealed good to optimal results regarding the evaluated parameters even under unfavorable fixation conditions. However, with the prototype detection technology a quicker turnaround time was reached primarily due to shorter primary antibody incubation times. Moreover, PIDT-stained tissues showed higher signal intensity and a uniform signal distribution over the tissue slide, still, with well-preserved tissue morphology and without impairing the gradation of staining intensity of different cell types. In particular, the prototype detection technology performed better in poorly or delayed fixed tissue. In situations where rapid and profound results are in demand, and particularly in the context of a small laboratory setting, this prototype detection technology could be a useful addition to the established detection systems.
Verlorenes Glück — Zufriedenheitsverluste in der Corona-Krise
Authors: Ahlheim Michael , Bruckmeyer Stefan , Konrad Kai A. , Windsteiger Lisa 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise betrifft die Bevölkerung vor allem auf der wirtschaftlichen Ebene. Aber auch die psychosozialen und gesellschaftlichen Kosten sind beträchtlich. Der Umfang der Verluste an Lebenszufriedenheit wird auf Basis einer repräsentativen Studie aus dem April 2020 untersucht. Diese Verluste treten vor allem bei Selbständigen auf, insbesondere bei Solo-Selbständigen und Unternehmerinnen, deren Tätigkeit ohnehin mit größeren Unsicherheiten und einer geringeren sozialen Absicherung verbunden ist.
Wie nachhaltig sind die gesetzliche Kranken- und Pflegeversicherung finanziert?
Authors: Breyer Friedrich , Lorenz Normann 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungSollten die Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Kranken- und der sozialen Pflegeversicherung langfristig stark steigen, werden sowohl die jüngere Generation durch höhere Beiträge als auch die Älteren durch mögliche Leistungseinschränkungen belastet. Auf Grundlage einer neueren nichtparametrischen Schätzung wird eine Simulation der zukünftigen Entwicklung der Beitragssätze in den beiden Zweigen der deutschen Sozialversicherung vorgestellt. Abhängig von verschiedenen Annahmen über das künftige Wachstum des BIP pro Arbeitnehmer ergibt sich dabei ein Gesamtsozialversicherungsbeitragssatz bis 2040 von nahe 50 %. Damit ist die Tragfähigkeit des deutschen Sozialversicherungssystems stark gefährdet.
Länderfinanzausgleich 2020: Neue Form — alte Probleme
Authors: Scherf Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer neue Länderfinanzausgleich wird erstmals 2020 praktiziert. Die Analyse seiner Funktionsweise und Wirkungen zeigt, dass gegenüber dem alten System große formale, aber nur geringe materielle Unterschiede bestehen. Die Reform hat vorhandene Defizite sogar noch verschärft. Der Autor schlägt eine Modifikation des Länderfinanzausgleichs vor, die auf eine Verbesserung der finanziellen Anreizeffekte zielt und die Grenzbelastungen deutlich reduziert.
Europa in der Vertrauenskrise?
Authors: Tichy Gunther 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Europäische Union scheint sich in einer Vertrauenskrise zu befinden. Vor allem nach der Finanz- und Eurokrise kam es weiträumig zu langanhaltenden Vertrauensverlusten. Die Einschätzung wirtschaftspolitischer Probleme unterscheidet sich aber zwischen verschiedenen regionalen Gruppen deutlich. Auch die Erklärungsansätze für diese Unterschiede wurzeln in heterogenen historischen Entwicklungen. Allerdings ist weder eine generelle Gefährung der Demokratie noch eine grundsätzliche Skepsis der Bevölkerung gegenüber der Europäischen Union zu erkennen.
Previously undiscovered landslide deposits in Harrison Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hughes K. E. , Geertsema M. , Kwoll E. , Koppes M. N. , Roberts N. J. , Clague J. J. , Rohland S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA bathymetric survey of Harrison Lake in southwest British Columbia revealed deposits of three large landslides on the lake floor. The blocky and flow-like surface morphology of the deposits suggests rapid emplacement from subaerial sources. The multibeam survey, together with a subbottom acoustic survey, allowed us to estimate deposit volumes of 2.4 Mm3, 1.3 Mm3, and 0.2 Mm3for the Mount Douglas, Mount Breakenridge, and Silver Mountain landslides, respectively. The large volumes and inferred rapid emplacement of the Mount Douglas and Mount Breakenridge landslides suggest they were tsunamigenic. Because people live along the shoreline of Harrison Lake, our discovery and characterization of these landslide deposits and their tsunami-generating potential form an important foundation for further landslide-tsunami hazard analysis in the region.
Adapting cultural heritage to climate change impacts in the Netherlands: barriers, interdependencies, and strategies for overcoming them
Authors: Fatorić Sandra , Biesbroek Robbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is currently impacting cultural heritage globally. Despite advances in the understanding of the relationship between climate change impacts and cultural heritage, there are significant barriers that hamper adaptation of cultural heritage to current and projected climate risks. This paper aims to advance the empirical understanding of barriers to adapting cultural heritage to climate-related impacts in the Netherlands by identifying different barriers, their interdependencies, and possible strategies to overcome these barriers. Using a web-based questionnaire with 57 experts, we find that the most frequently reported barriers are a lack of climate change adaptation policy for cultural heritage, and lack of climate vulnerability and risk assessments for diverse cultural heritage types. Our study finds that barriers are perceived to be interdependent and conjointly constrain adapting cultural heritage to climate change. Six actionable strategies are identified to navigate these barriers.
Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment
Authors: Simonson Mathilde , Boirie Yves , Guillet Christelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free mass – especially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss.Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans.Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.
Effect of Regional Long-Term Care Service Supply on Choice of Care Arrangement in Old Age
Authors: Kuppler Matthias , Wagner Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDepending on their place of residence, older persons have unequal access to long-term care (LTC) services. This article investigates how the county-level supply of inpatient and outpatient LTC services influences individual-level LTC choices of older persons. Administrative data on LTC service supply from the German Care Statistic are combined with representative survey data on the LTC choices of N = 1303 persons aged 80+ from the German Federal State North Rhine-Westphalia. Random utility models are applied to model the choice among three care arrangements: receiving inpatient care in an institutional setting (e.g., nursing home), receiving outpatient care in the community, and living in the community without receiving inpatient or outpatient care. The main findings are: Higher inpatient service supply increases the probability that older persons leave the community and enter institutional LTC. Higher outpatient service supply increases the probability that older persons choose to receive outpatient care in the community instead of entering institutional LTC. The results suggest that policy makers must consider the county-level LTC service supply when designing equitable LTC systems that meet the needs of older persons in a cost-effective way.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Status of Mindfulness Users in the United States
Authors: Simonsson Otto , Martin Maryanne , Fisher Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of the present study are to provide population estimates for the prevalence of mindfulness use in the United States and to identify which groups are more likely to self-report mindfulness use.

Methods
Using data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the current study analyzed 26,742 responses from adults in the United States and estimated patterns in the likelihood of self-reported mindfulness use across groups using logistic regression models.

Results
The results suggest that 5% of adults in the United States in 2017 had used mindfulness over the prior year, which is significantly more than the finding that 2% of adults in the United States had used mindfulness during the 12 months prior to the 2012 NHIS interview. The logistic regression models show that self-reported mindfulness use was less likely among married adults and more likely among women, sexual minorities, young and middle-aged adults, white adults, employed adults, adults without minor children in the family, adults from the West of the United States, adults with access barriers to healthcare, adults with cost barriers to healthcare, adults with mental illness, and adults with physical pain. Most notably, mindfulness use was reported by substantial numbers of respondents with access barriers to healthcare (10%), cost barriers to healthcare (9%), mental illness (15%), or physical pain (7%).

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest an unequal distribution of mindfulness use across groups in the United States.