bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Small-Sided Games in Field Hockey: Can They Be Used to Reach Match Intensity?
Authors: Duthie Grant M. , Thomas Elizabeth J. , Bahnisch Jamie , Thornton Heidi R. , Ball Kevin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Duthie, GM, Thomas, EJ, Bahnisch, J, Thornton, HR, and Ball, K. Using small-sided games in field hockey: Can they be used to reach match intensity? J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 498–502, 2022—Small-sided games (SSGs) are commonly used in field hockey to replicate or overload physical and tactical competition demands; however, little evidence is available regarding if specific SSG formats achieve this. This research investigated how speed and acceleration differed between 5-minute SSG formats (2v2, 3v3, and 4v4) and also compared with competition. Elite male field hockey athletes (n = 10) participated in the SSGs with standard rules, on pitches of 30 × 20, 35 × 25, and 40 × 30 m, respectively (∼150 m2 per athlete excluding goal keepers). Global Positioning System devices measured speed (m·min−1) and acceleration (m·s−2). Differences between mean speed and acceleration during SSGs and 5-minute maximal mean values from competition (calculated using moving averages) were quantified using linear mixed models and described using standardized effect sizes (ES) and 90% confidence intervals. Between SSG formats, there were nonsubstantial differences for mean speed and acceleration (ES range −0.4 to 0.8). Compared with competition, mean speed was substantially lower for all SSG formats (ES range −1.4 to −1.8), whereas mean acceleration was higher (ES range 3.9–4.8). The SSG formats examined had a lower mean speed and higher mean acceleration than the maximal mean observed in competition. Therefore, these SSGs are an effective training drill for the development and overload of acceleration. However, manipulating SSG constraints to expose athletes to the maximal mean competition speed is required.
Comparison of Hydrometer Analysis and Laser Diffraction Method for Measuring Particle and Floc Size Distribution Applied to Fine Coal Refuse
Authors: Jedari Cyrus , Palomino Angelica M. , Drumm Eric C. , Cyr Howard J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Traditional grain size distribution measurement techniques assume that the measured particle diameters are of individual grains. However, for suspended particulate materials, particles may be dispersed or associated in flocs. Further, particle-level associations depend on the surrounding fluid chemistry, which may change over time. The purpose of this study is to compare two different methods of grain size analysis for detecting particle and floc sizes in suspensions of fine coal refuse (FCR): hydrometer analysis, the well-known traditional method, and laser diffraction, a lesser known method. The influence of background solution—flocculant, dispersant, or distilled water—on the apparent grain size of FCR was also investigated. Analogous slurry suspensions made from a well-characterized kaolin were analyzed for comparison. Results from the grain/floc size analysis indicate that there are several advantages of laser diffraction over hydrometer analysis including a short measurement period, small sample size requirement, and the ability to measure a wide range of particle sizes in the same analysis. Moreover, this study highlights the ability of the particle size analyzer (PSA) to accurately measure changes in apparent particle size over time for the same suspension and thereby indicate the presence of flocs. Finally, the PSA has the capability of capturing dynamic particle interactions—flocculation and deflocculation—in real time.
Hydration Effects on Specific Gravity and Void Ratio of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Jafari Mohammadamin , Shahsavari Mohammad , Grabinsky Murray 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article presents the results of a laboratory study on the variation of specific gravity (Gs) and void ratio (e) in a cemented paste backfill (CPB) with different cement contents and curing times. CPBs consist of a mixture of mine tailings, portland cement, and mine process water. In this study, a helium stereopycnometer device was used to determine Gs for specimens having cement contents of 3.0, 5.3, 7.5, and 11.1 % by the weight of dry tailings. Curing times of 4 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days were considered for testing purposes. In total, 240 helium stereopycnometer tests were conducted in this study, which shows that Gs decreases in the CPB specimens as specimens cure over time and the cement hydrates. Furthermore, 96 tests were conducted to determine e of the CPB specimens with different combinations of cement contents and curing times. The results of these tests indicate that similar to Gs, e decreases with an increase in curing time as the specimens hydrate. The reduction in Gs and e is attributed to the formation of hydration products, which have a lower density than the cement and fill the void space between the particles. The results show that the variation of Gs that is due to the hydration process should be considered in the calculation of e; otherwise, this physical property, especially for specimens with high cement contents, is overestimated.
Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure Prediction of Post-High-Temperature Granite
Authors: Yao Wei , Yu Jin , Liu Xueying , Zhou Xianqi , Cai Yanyan , Zhu Yaoliang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to study the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of granite specimens (25°C~600°C) during high-temperature deformation, the uniaxial compression and general triaxial compression tests were carried out. The AE signals were collected simultaneously, following which the AE signals were processed to predict rock failure. The study makes some interesting conclusions. In the uniaxial compression test, AE activity is found to be more active during the postpeak stress phase. In the triaxial compression test, AE activity is found to be more active during the postpeak stress phase. The AE energy and the cumulative energy under uniaxial compression are much larger than the triaxial compression at the failure moment of the granite specimen after the same heat treatment. As the heat-treatment temperature increases, the peak AE energy decreases, but the cumulative AE energy decreases first and then increases. The failure of granite was predicted by AE signal processing, and good prediction results were obtained for different experimental conditions and the different preset failure time tf. The time at which the forecast point appears is usually close to the time at which the rock specimen enters the plastic deformation phase. The value of the parameter tf impacts the curve shape and prediction duration without affecting the occurrence of the forecast point. In addition, the shape of curve changes stepwise as the tf changes.
Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Binocular Primary Visual Cortex Does Not Require C1q
Authors: Welsh Christina A. , Stephany Céleste-Élise , Sapp Richard W. , Stevens Beth 
Published: December 2019

C1q, the initiator of the classical complement cascade, mediates synapse elimination in the postnatal mouse dorsolateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and sensorimotor cortex. Here, we asked whether C1q plays a role in experience-dependent synaptic refinement in the visual system at later stages of development. The binocular zone of primary visual cortex (V1b) undergoes spine loss and changes in neuronal responsiveness following the closure of one eye during a defined critical period [a process referred to as ocular dominance plasticity (ODP)]. We therefore hypothesized that ODP would be impaired in the absence of C1q, and that V1b development would also be abnormal without C1q-mediated synapse elimination. However, when we examined several features of V1b development in mice lacking C1q, we found that the densities of most spine populations on basal and proximal apical dendrites, as well as firing rates and ocular dominance, were normal. C1q was only transiently required for the development of spines on apical, but not basal, secondary dendrites. Dendritic morphologies were also unaffected. Although we did not observe the previously described spine loss during ODP in either genotype, our results reveal that the animals lacking C1q had normal shifts in neuronal responsiveness following eye closure. Experiments were performed in both male and female mice. These results suggest that the development and plasticity of the mouse V1b is grossly normal in the absence of C1q.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThese findings illustrate that the development and experience-dependent plasticity of V1b is mostly normal in the absence of C1q, even though C1q has previously been shown to be required for developmental synapse elimination in the mouse visual thalamus as well as sensorimotor cortex. The V1b phenotypes in mice lacking C1q are more similar to the mild defects previously observed in the hippocampus of these mice, emphasizing that the contribution of C1q to synapse elimination appears to be dependent on context.
PSA-NCAM Colocalized with Cholecystokinin-Expressing Cells in the Hippocampus Is Involved in Mediating Antidepressant Efficacy
Authors: Yamada Jun , Sato Chihiro , Konno Kohtarou , Watanabe Masahiko , Jinno Shozo 
Published: December 2019

The extracellular glycan polysialic acid linked to neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is principally expressed in the developing brain and the adult neurogenic regions. Although colocalization of PSA-NCAM with cholecystokinin (CCK) was found in the adult brain, the role of PSA-NCAM remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance of PSA-NCAM in the CA1 region of the male mouse hippocampus. Combined fluorescencein situhybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/CCK-positive (VGluT3–/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The somata of PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells were highly innervated by serotonergic boutons than those of PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. The expression ratios of 5-HT3Areceptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells than in PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. Pharmacological digestion of PSA-NCAM impaired the efficacy of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but not the efficacy of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam. A Western blot showed that restraint stress decreased the expressions of p11 and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and FLX increased them. Interestingly, the FLX-induced elevation of expression of p11, but not mature BDNF, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that restraint stress reduced the expression of polysialyltransferase ST8Sia IV and FLX elevated it. Collectively, PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a unique role in the regulation of antidepressant efficacy via the serotonergic pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPolysialic acid (PSA) is composed of eight or more α2,8-linked sialic acids. Here, we examined the functional significance of polysialic acid linked to the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult mouse hippocampus. Few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/cholecystokinin-positive (VGluT3−/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The expression ratios of 5-HT3Areceptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells than in PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. The efficacy of antidepressants, but not anxiolytics, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. The antidepressant-induced increase in p11 expression was inhibited following PSA-NCAM digestion. We hence hypothesize that PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+cells may play a unique role in regulating antidepressant efficacy.
Monozygotic twins discordant for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to mosaicism
Authors: Kluge Michelle L , Graber Evan , Foley Kathryn , Hansen Lynnette V , Sellers Heidi L , Milosevic Dragana , Cradic Kendall W , Grebe Stefan K 
Published: December 2019

Introduction
Genotype-phenotype discordance occurs occasionally in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Its causes are largely unknown. We describe a case of monochorionic, diamniotic twins with discordant clinical presentations of CAH, and show evidence for this being due to mosaicism resulting from a postzygotic full gene deletion of CYP21A2 prior to twinning.

Case description
A 7-day-old 36-week gestation female infant (Twin A) presented to the emergency department with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Her identical twin (Twin B) had normal 17-OHP on newborn screening. Both twins showed signs of virilization, more pronounced in Twin B. Molecular genetic testing of both twins and their parents showed a WT paternally-inherited CYP21A2 and a maternally-inherited copy containing the c.293-13C>G mutation. Both twins were also found to have a 5′-CYP21A1P/CYP21A2-3′ hybrid (product of the common 30-kb deletion), derived from the deletion of the paternally-inherited CYP21A2. Neither mother nor father carried the deletion.

Conclusions
The genetic findings are consistent with mosaicism for two CYP21A2 cell lines in both twins. The first cell line is expected, based on parental results, while the second line is due to a postzygotic full gene deletion of the paternally-inherited WT CYP21A2. The resultant genotype, compound heterozygosity for c.293-13C>G and a CYP21A2 full gene deletion, is consistent with a salt-wasting CAH phenotype. Differential distribution of the second cell line between the twins is most likely the cause for their discrepant phenotypes. We believe this is the first report of somatic CYP21A2 mosaicism, and represents a novel cause for discrepant CAH phenotypes in monozygotic twins.
КОМУНІКАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ
Authors: Tsaryk Olga 
Published: December 2019

У статті вивчено підходи, методи, прийоми, форми навчання української мови як іноземної, використання яких допомагає викладачам-мовникам підвищувати рівень мотивації в іноземних студентів у процесі вивчення мови.
Актуальність обраної теми спричинена недостатньою кількістю проведених досліджень з методики викладання української мови як іноземної, потребою систематизувати наукові й методичні розробки, необхідністю впровадження нових підходів до вивчення української мови як іноземної.
Метою статті є вивчення основних підходів, методів та принципів викладання української мови як іноземної, зокрема комунікативного підходу, дослідження впливу методів навчання на мотивацію студентів у процесі вивчення української мови як іноземної.
У процесі дослідження застосовано методи спостереження, анкетування, аналіз результатів опитування, оцінювання рівня володіння українською мовою як іноземною. Дослідження виконане на базі Тернопільського національного економічного університету, де проведено опитування слухачів підготовчого відділення для іноземних громадян, студентів-іноземців 1-4 курсів нефілологічних спеціальностей.
Результати дослідження підтвердили, що основою мотивації для студентів, які вивчають українську мову як іноземну, є бажання вільно спілкуватися з носіями мови. Серед видів мовленнєвої діяльності, які студенти хотіли б покращити, найбільший відсоток займає мовлення. З’ясовано, що найскладнішим завданням для студентів є конструювання речень, репродукування мовлення. У статті обґрунтовано основні принципи процесу навчання, досліджено вплив методів навчання на мотивацію студентів до вивчення української мови як іноземної, що підтверджує ефективність використання комунікативного підходу в процесі навчання української мови як іноземної.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ДИДАКТИЧНИХ ПРИНЦИПІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА
Authors: Iyevlyev Oleksandr 
Published: December 2019

Підготовка педагогів є важливим завданням системи освіти України. Одним із шляхів його вирішення є підготовка майбутніх викладачів в умовах магістратури закладу вищої освіти. Успішність професійної діяльності цих викладачів визначає високий рівень їх професійно-педагогічної мобільності.
Формування професійно-педагогічної мобільності вимагає реалізації відповідних дидактичних принципів. Відомо, що принципи навчання виконують регулятивну функцію з погляду моделювання дидактичних теорій і способів регулювання практики освітнього процесу. Як свідчить результати проведеного дослідження, в залежності від типу складової професійно-педагогічної мобільності слід використовувати відповідні дидактичні принципи.
Так, для формування діяльнісної складової професійної мобільності доцільно використовувати такі загальнодидактичні принципи: доступності; ґрунтовності; систематичності та послідовності. До специфічних принципів навчання для цієї складової слід віднести принципи безперервності освіти та модульності змісту навчання. При формуванні особистісної складової професійної мобільності доцільно використовувати такі загальнодидактичні принципи: свідомості навчання; активності й самостійності; єдності освітніх, розвивальних і виховних функцій навчання. До специфічних принципів навчання для цієї складової слід віднести принципи гуманізації освіти та акмеологічності. Частина дидактичних принципів може бути однаково ефективно використана для формування обох складових професійно-педагогічної мобільності, зокрема загальнодидактичний принцип наочності та, з певними застереженнями, специфічні принципи мобільності й коеволюції.
Подальші дослідження варто присвятити обґрунтуванню моделі формування професійно-педагогічної мобільності майбутнього викладача в умовах магістратури.
The Marginalization of Harriet’s Daughters
Authors: Crenshaw Kimberlé 
Published: December 2019

Donald Trump’s ascension to the presidency has plunged the already demoralized advocates for racial and gender justice into a state of near-perpetual crisis. In the midst of never-ending war, both at home and abroad, it is almost impossible to recapture the sense of hope, or the buoyant celebration of American exceptionalism, that accompanied the election of the first African American president. It was just a decade ago that pundits and neoliberal celebrants of that landmark moment declared the advent of a new moment in US history—one to which the hopeful term “postracial” was attached.
For most of us who casually follow the day-to-day course of our country’s political life, it seems impossible to understand how quickly and fully this reversal has taken place. Yet this very lack of understanding is what we must reckon with as a baseline condition for gearing up for the fight ahead. Buried beneath this cacophonous discourse—the celebration of the unexpected that soured into the profound retrenchment currently underway—are the dangerously compromised and uninterrogated baseline assumptions that would ultimately metastasize, via the well-documented alchemy of strategically repressed demands for justice, into the Trumpian moment. These intersectional failures of our movement set the stage for the weakened position that we are in today.
If it is true that the lessons of history are bound to be repeated until they are learned, there is good reason to think that a full understanding of events today is subject to the same logic. But achieving such an understanding presents a difficult moment of reckoning—an internal confrontation with ourselves.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Infant Vaccination Titers
Authors: Vergales Jeffrey , Dean Peter , Raphael Jacob , Frank Deborah , Narahari Adishesh , Hekking Tyson , Rosenberg Carol Ann , Roeser Mark , Gangemi James 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
Infants with congenital heart disease remain vulnerable to potentially preventable pathogens. Although immunization can significantly reduce this risk, it is unknown how immunization status can be affected by cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The objective was to evaluate the effect of CPB on infant vaccination status after cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective observational study of patients between 2 and 14 months of age who had received at least their first round of infant vaccinations and who required cardiac surgery with CPB. Antibody titers were measured before CPB and again the following morning. Demographic and surgical variables were assessed via regression methods for their effects on the change in titers.

RESULTS:
Among the 98 patients followed, there was no demonstrated difference between the pre- and postoperative values in regard to diphtheria, tetanus, polio 1, polio 3, or Haemophilus influenzae titers. Bordetella (1.03 vs 0.84, P &lt; .001), and hepatitis B (log 2.10 vs 1.89, P = .001) titers did reduce after CPB but did not fall below the immunized threshold. Changes in antibody titers were not associated with time between immunization and surgery, age or weight at surgery, blood products administered, number of previous doses, time on CPB, or heterotaxy diagnosis for most of the vaccines.

CONCLUSIONS:
Infant vaccine antibody titers were minimally affected by CPB and not associated with any easily modifiable surgical variables. Although antibody titers are only 1 marker of immunity, deviation from the recommended vaccination schedule may be unnecessary for children requiring congenital heart surgery.
Stalinism in Poland
Authors: Musiał Filip 
Published: December 2019

The article presents, in a synthetic manner, the mechanism of introducing the Stalinist system in Poland and describes its essence. It points to the importance of – until now given less value in the relevant literature – the mechanism of elimination of institutions and persons representing the constitutional order and state-creating social fabric, as well as introducing in their place representatives of the lowest social classes and institutions impersonating Polish centres of power, but in fact fully dependent on the USSR. The text focuses on political and social issues, as well as on the extensive ­repression apparatus.
The Polish Church and the “Thaw” of 1956
Authors: Wenklar Michał 
Published: December 2019

The process of “thaw”, developing in Poland after the death of Joseph Stalin, for a long time did not include the aspect of religious freedom. Demands to restore the possibility of free worship, teaching religious education, and, above all, the release of the Primate Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, were always present in the society, as evidenced by school strikes or slogans appearing during the Poznań events of June 1956. The changes of October 1956, initiated by the 8th plenary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party, led to an improvement in state-Church relations and implementation of the most important postulates of the Church, including the return of the Primate to Warsaw, the reinstatement of religious education in schools, and the return of chaplains to prisons and hospitals. The authorities, however, did not treat the above as part of a binding agreement. As early as in the 1957 and 1958 activities restricting the functioning of the Church began. The symbolic markings of the process were the attack on the Primate’s Institute at Jasna Góra in 1958 and the withdrawal of consent for the construction of the church in Kraków’s Nowa Huta. Finally, in 1961, religious education was removed from schools, and in 1962 a separate department of the Security Service was established for the sole purpose of the fight against religion. Although the practices of the Stalinist period did not make their comeback, the 1956 thaw appeared to be only a short episode in a constant conflict between the communist state and the Roman Catholic Church.