bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and piloting of ‘When Cancer Comes Along’: A cancer awareness program for Australian secondary school students
Authors: Wright Adam J. , Patterson Pandora , McDonald Fiona E. J. , Hubbard Gill 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIssue addressedGiven the increasing prevalence of cancer, there is a growing need for health interventions educating individuals about the disease and its impacts, risk‐reduction strategies and how to support others who are affected. School‐based programs are a promising medium addressing these issues in adolescents, yet no comprehensive cancer education program exists in Australia. This paper reports on the piloting of a cancer awareness program for Australian students.MethodsWhen Cancer Comes Along is a 90‐minute interactive presentation covering cancer's impacts, risk‐reduction strategies and how to support those affected. The program was piloted in four Australian secondary schools, with students (N = 113, 13‐16 years) and teachers (N = 2) providing feedback via postprogram survey.ResultsParticipants reported high satisfaction overall (92%‐97%) and with each program component (71%‐95%), and agreed that the program achieved learning outcomes (72%‐95%).ConclusionsResults indicate that When Cancer Comes Along is relevant, engaging and age‐appropriate. Participants reported improved understanding of cancer, its impacts, risk‐reduction strategies and how to support those affected. A larger‐scale evaluation is underway to more comprehensively evaluate program outcomes.So what?The program has potential in educating students about various aspects of the cancer experience. It further demonstrates the feasibility and value of addressing psychosocial impacts and support strategies as well as information about cancer risks, elements which have not previously been combined in educational interventions. Equipping adolescents with the knowledge and skills to reduce their cancer risk and support others who are affected has significant health promotion implications for cancer prevention and support provision.
Ti2CTx MXene‐based all‐optical modulator
Authors: Yi Jun , Li Jie , Huang Shuohan , Hu Longyu , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun , Mochalin Vadym N. , Rao Apparao M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMXenes, a new class of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have attracted much attention due to their outstanding properties. Here, we report the broadband spatial self‐phase modulation of Ti2CT
x MXene nanosheets dispersed in deionized water in the visible to near‐infrared regime, highlighting the broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) response of Ti2CT
x MXene. Using ultrafast pulsed laser excitation, the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility of Ti2CT
x MXene were measured to be ∼10−13 m2/W and ∼ 10−10 esu, respectively. Leveraging the large optical nonlinearity of Ti2CT
x MXene, an all‐optical modulator in the visible regime was fabricated based on the spatial cross‐phase modulation effect. This work suggests that 2D MXenes are ideal broadband NLO materials with excellent prospects in NLO applications.image
Back Cover: Distinguishing structural features between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal luminal tuberculosis using Mueller matrix derived parameters (J. Biophotonics 12/2019)
Authors: Liu Teng , Lu Min , Chen Binguo , Zhong Qinsong , Li Jingyu , He Honghui , Mao Hua , Ma Hui 
Published: December 2019

Currently there is no general gold standard to distinguish between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal luminal tuberculosis tissues, which both have tuberculosis and surrounding fibrous structures. Here we demonstrate that the Mueller matrix derived polarimetric parameters can reveal the structural features of tuberculosis areas and be used as quantitative indicators to distinguish between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal luminal tuberculosis tissues, which can be useful for the clinical diagnosis.Further details can be found in the article by Teng Liu, Min Lu, Binguo Chen, et al. (e201900151).
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Bone regeneration is enhanced by the combined use of acid‐electrolyzed functional water with hydroxyapatite/collagen composite
Authors: Ozawa Yasumasa , Gojoubori Takahiro , Ota Hirotaka , Takemoto Tomoko , Suguro Hisashi , Nishida Tetsuya , Satou Shuuichi , Asano Masatake 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/Col) composite has a nanostructure and composition similar to that of natural bone. Herein, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of acid‐electrolyzed functional water (FW) in combination with HAP/Col composite as an irrigation material in a rat calvarium defect model. The rats were divided into four groups: control, PBS irrigation; FW, FW irrigation; HAP/Col, filled with HAP/Col; FW + HAP/Col, FW irrigation prior to HAP/Col filling. Bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the newly formed bone were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. The results indicated that the combined use of FW and HAP/Col significantly augmented both BV (12.25 ± 1.93 mm3, control: 3.22 ± 0.55 mm3, 6 weeks) and BMD (120.09 ± 14.76 cm3/mg vs. control: 54.67 ± 7.20 cm3/mg, 6 weeks) in a time‐dependent manner, which might be attributed to the soluble factor‐inducing ability of FW. Based on this assumption, bFGF concentration in peripheral blood was measured. bFGF concentration was significantly increased in the FW + HAP/Col group (68.25 ± 9.2 pg/ml vs. control: 21.70 ± 8.18 pg/ml, 6 hr). Real‐time PCR demonstrated significant augmentation of MCSF (2.82 ± 0.59‐fold), RANKL (2.51 ± 0.33‐fold) and BMP7 (1.66 ± 0.25‐fold) (bone regeneration‐related genes) and PDGF (1.31 ± 0.15‐fold), VEGF (3.27 ± 0.42‐ld) and IL‐8 (6.77 ± 2.02‐fold) (angiogenic genes) mRNAs in the FW + HAP/Col group. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined use of FW and HAP/Col induces bone regeneration, presumably by inducing the factors contributing to bone regeneration and angiogenesis.
Blockchain—Opportunities and challenges for accounting professionals
Authors: Sinha Soma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEverybody is talking about blockchain, which is being positioned as the solution for all business ills. Blockchain is a revolutionary technology, but its power and efficacy are only as good as its application. Blockchain has the potential to transform or even eliminate some of the accounting functions that are currently taken for granted, but it also creates risks of its own that must be considered. The technology is still in its formative stage and is certain to undergo meaningful changes in the future. Entities using this technology will have to weigh its benefits, but also build safeguards to protect against its vulnerabilities.
The diagnostic value of PIVKA‐II, AFP, AFP‐L3, CEA, and their combinations in primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qi Famei , Zhou Aihua , Yan Li , Yuan Xiumei , Wang Danni , Chang Ruoyun , Zhang Yujun , Shi Funa , Han Xiaomei , Hou Jinxia , Wei Lianhua , Zhang Xu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis decreases the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the usefulness of PIVKA‐II, AFP, AFP‐L3, CEA, and their combinations in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic HCC.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients with primary HCC (PHC), 115 with metastatic HCC (MHC), 89 with chronic liver disease (CLD), and 116 healthy volunteers were included. The diagnostic values of each marker and their combinations for HCC diagnosis were represented by ROC curve analyses.ResultsPIVKA‐II, AFP, and AFP‐L3 levels in PHC group were higher than that in normal control, CLD, and MHC groups. CEA levels in MHC group were higher than that in the other three groups. When the four markers were analyzed individually, PIVKA‐II showed the highest positive rate in PHC group (76.7%) and CEA showed the highest positive rate in MHC group (69.6%). PIVKA‐ II showed the largest area under ROC curve (AUC = 0.835) to discriminate PHC group from CLD group. Combined PIVKA‐II with AFP‐L3 increased the AUC to 0.910. CEA showed the highest AUC (0.849) to discriminate MHC group from CLD group. Combined CEA with PIVKA‐II increased the AUC to 0.866. AFP‐L3 alone showed the highest AUC (0.890) to discriminate MHC group from PHC group. Combined PIVKA‐II with AFP‐L3, and CEA increased the AUC to 0.957.ConclusionPIVKA‐II, AFP‐L3, AFP, and CEA are effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of PHC and MHC. Their combinations could improve the diagnostic performance compared with each marker used alone in detecting PHC and MHC.
Utilizing Pediatric Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Examine Factors That Contribute to Methadone Pharmacokinetic Variability in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Patients
Authors: McPhail Brooks T. , Emoto Chie , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Butler Dawn , Wiles Jason R. , Akinbi Henry , Vinks Alexander A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChronic intrauterine exposure to psychoactive drugs often results in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS is the symptomatic drug withdrawal in newborns that generally occurs after in utero chronic opioid exposure. Methadone is an opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for pharmacologic management of NAS. It exhibits high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. The current study used physiologically based PK modeling to predict the PK profile of methadone in 20 newborns treated for NAS. The physiologically based PK simulations adequately predicted the PK profile of the clinical data for 45% of the patients. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore contributing factors to methadone PK variability. The data suggest that P450 enzymatic activity impacts the clearance of methadone in virtual adults and neonates, while the contribution of cardiac output may be negligible. Understanding maturational and/or pharmacogenetic changes in cytochrome P450 enzymatic activity may further explain the large PK variability of methadone in newborns with NAS and will help individualized treatment.
The influence of experimental parameters on quantitative deuterium measurements for ethyl alcohols of different origin
Authors: Ciepielowski Grzegorz , Pacholczyk‐Sienicka Barbara , Klajman Kamila , Paneth Piotr , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuantitative determination with site‐specific natural isotope fractionation nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF‐NMR) has been exploited widely in detecting adulteration and for the classification of natural products by their geographical origin.RESULTSWe compared isotopic parameters such as deuterium / hydrogen (D/H) site specific ratios and the R parameter for alcoholic beverages, obtained using (i) a 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a dedicated probe for isotopic measurements, and (ii) a 700 MHz spectrometer equipped with a standard probe. The factors affecting the accuracy and precision of quantitative NMR with the second instrument have been explored.CONCLUSIONSIt has been demonstrated that, in laboratories with a spectrometer that is not equipped with a specific deuterium probe, the selection of the appropriate experimental parameters enables measurements with a similar precision and accuracy as in the case of the official method adopted by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stokes drift of plankton in linear internal waves: Cross‐shore transport of neutrally buoyant and depth‐keeping organisms
Authors: Franks Peter J. S. , Garwood Jessica C. , Ouimet Michael , Cortes Jorge , Musgrave Ruth C. , Lucas Andrew J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe meroplanktonic larvae of many invertebrate and vertebrate species rely on physical transport to move them across the shelf to their adult habitats. One potential mechanism for cross‐shore larval transport is Stokes drift in internal waves. Here, we develop theory to quantify the Stokes velocities of neutrally buoyant and depth‐keeping organisms in linear internal waves in shallow water. We apply the analyses to theoretical and measured internal wave fields, and compare results with a numerical model. Near the surface and bottom boundaries, both neutrally buoyant and depth‐keeping organisms were transported in the direction of the wave's phase propagation. However, neutrally buoyant organisms were transported in the opposite direction of the wave's phase at mid depths, while depth‐keeping organisms had zero net transport there. Weakly depth‐keeping organisms had Stokes drifts between the perfectly depth‐keeping and neutrally buoyant organisms. For reasonable wave amplitudes and phase speeds, organisms would experience horizontal Stokes speeds of several centimeters per second—or a few kilometers per day in a constant wave field. With onshore‐polarized internal waves, Stokes drift in internal waves presents a predictable mechanism for onshore transport of meroplanktonic larvae and other organisms near the surface, and offshore transport at mid depths.
Spatially Resolved Dynamically Reconfigurable Multilevel Control of Thermal Emission
Authors: Xu Ziquan , Li Qiang , Du Kaikai , Long Shiwei , Yang Yang , Cao Xun , Luo Hao , Zhu Huanzheng , Ghosh Pintu , Shen Weidong , Qiu Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpatially resolved dynamically reconfigurable control of thermal emission has comprehensive implications for fundamental science and technological applications, such as thermal camouflage and adaptive radiative heating/cooling. Materials and systems that can spatially control thermal emission with dynamic reconfigurability, simple manufacturability, and a large dynamic range have not been explored, so far. Here, a spatially resolved thermal emission control platform consisting of three components (a material with phase transition hysteresis, a thermal photonic device with a field‐optimized planarized structure, and an optically controllable patterning system) is built and validated. This platform presents excellent merits such as spatially resolved control of thermal emission, multilevel (up to nine levels) emission control with a large dynamic range of the emissivity modulation (0.19 for the insulating phase and 0.91 for the metallic phase) over a broad bandwidth (8–14 µm), and robust reconfigurability. The results demonstrate potential applications in the field of thermal photonics for information and energy harvesting.
Laser Treatment of Traumatic Scars and Contractures: 2020 International Consensus Recommendations
Authors: Seago Meghan , Shumaker Peter R. , Spring Leah K. , Alam Murad , Al‐Niaimi Firas , Rox Anderson R. , Artzi Ofir , Bayat Ardeshir , Cassuto Daniel , Chan Henry HL , Dierickx Christine , Donelan Matthias , Gauglitz Gerd G. , Leo Goo Boncheol , Goodman Greg J. , Gurtner Geoffrey , Haedersdal Merete , Krakowski Andrew C. , Manuskiatti Woraphong , Norbury William B. , Ogawa Rei , Ozog David M. , Paasch Uwe , Victor Ross E. , Tretti Clementoni Matteo , Waibel Jill 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesThere is currently intense multidisciplinary interest and a maturing body of literature regarding laser treatments for traumatic scars, but international treatment guidelines and reimbursement schemes have not yet caught up with current knowledge and practice in many centers. The authors intend to highlight the tremendous potential of laser techniques, offer recommendations for safe and efficacious treatment, and promote wider patient access guided by future high‐quality research.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAn international panel of 26 dermatologists and plastic and reconstructive surgeons from 13 different countries and a variety of practice backgrounds was self‐assembled to develop updated consensus recommendations for the laser treatment of traumatic scars. A three‐step modified Delphi method took place between March 2018 and March 2019 consisting of two rounds of emailed questionnaires and supplementary face‐to‐face meetings. The panel members approved the final manuscript via email correspondence, and the threshold for consensus was at least 80% concurrence among the panel members.ResultsThe manuscript includes extensive detailed discussion regarding a variety of laser platforms commonly used for traumatic scar management such as vascular lasers and ablative and non‐ablative fractional lasers, special considerations such as coding and laser treatments in skin of color, and 25 summary consensus recommendations.ConclusionsLasers are a first‐line therapy in the management of traumatic scars and contractures, and patients without access to these treatments may not be receiving the best available care after injury. Updated international treatment guidelines and reimbursement schemes, additional high‐quality research, and patient access should reflect this status. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of resistance to galvanic corrosion of ZE41 Mg alloy by equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Sekar Prithivirajan , Sanna Narendranath , Desai Vijay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe galvanic corrosion behavior of as‐received and ECAPed ZE41 Mg alloy coupled with Al7075 alloy is investigated using zero resistance ammeter in three different corrosive environments, 0, 0.1, and 1 M NaCl, to mimic the conditions experienced in engineering applications. The mechanism of galvanic corrosion for the ZE41 Mg–Al7075 aluminum alloy is explained. It is observed that a robust surface film containing a composite layer of oxide/hydroxide of magnesium and aluminum is established in deionized water (0 M). However, only a single layer of magnesium oxide/hydroxide is detected in chloride‐containing environments. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) improved the resistance to galvanic corrosion by 58% and 54% when compared with the as‐cast counterparts in 0 and 1 M NaCl solution, respectively. In contrast, galvanic corrosion resistance decreased by 26% in 0.1 M NaCl after ECAP while the as‐received samples evinced pits unfavorable to be used in engineering applications. ECAP is a promising method to combat galvanic corrosion encountered by ZE41 magnesium alloy used in automobiles and components of military vehicles.
Ni, Cr, and Fe surfaces corroded by molten ZnCl2
Authors: Wang Xueliang , Yin Huiqin , Liu Wenguan , Yu Guojun , He Jian , Tang Zhongfeng , Yan Long 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the corrosion of molten ZnCl2 on metal surfaces is significant for the corrosion protection of metals, sustainable use of molten salts, preparation of ZnO coatings, and so on. In this paper, surfaces of pure Ni, Cr, and Fe corroded by molten ZnCl2 were investigated. The results show that Ni suffered very slight corrosion, while Cr experienced more serious corrosion than Ni, but lighter corrosion than Fe. The morphology of the corrosion of Cr and Fe, respectively, presented pitting and intergranular corrosion characteristics. Furthermore, nanostructured ZnO coatings were obtained on the surfaces of Ni and Fe, but not on the surface of Cr. The ZnO coating on the Ni surface was doped with a small amount of Zn5(OH)8Cl2, and the ZnO coating on the Fe surface was doped with ZnFe2O4 and Zn2OCl2. The coatings on the Ni and Fe surfaces had an average thickness of 1.5 and 50 μm, respectively.
Microstructure and corrosion behaviors of FeCrNiBSiMox stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition
Authors: Chen Jiawan , Zhang Chunhua , Cui Xue , Zhang Song , Chen Jiang , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, FeCrNiBSiMox (x = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) stainless steels were successfully prepared using a laser melting deposition technology, with the aim to investigate the effect of Mo content on microstructure and corrosion behaviors. The results showed that the as‐deposited specimens were composed mostly of α‐Fe and a small amount of (Cr, Mo)7C3, and (Cr, Mo)7C3 existed in the inter‐dendritic (ID) region. As the Mo content increased, grain refinement could be clearly observed, and the area of the ID region increased from 27% to 54%. The low‐angle boundaries accounted for 60–70% of the grain boundaries of the as‐deposited specimens. Increasing the content of Mo improved the microhardness of the as‐deposited specimens from 652 HV to 813 HV. The corrosion current density of the as‐deposited specimens with the Mo mass fractions of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% were 1.37 × 10−6, 1.02 × 10−7, 6.19 × 10−7, and 3.06 × 10−7 A/cm2, respectively. The as‐deposited specimen with Mo content of 1.5% had lower cumulative erosion loss and erosion loss rate than other as‐deposited specimens. The FeCrNiBSiMox (x = 1.5) specimen exhibited excellent resistance to electrochemical corrosion and cavitation erosion.
The effect of microstructure on hydrogen permeability of high strength steels
Authors: Rudomilova Darya , Prošek Tomáš , Salvetr Pavel , Knaislová Anna , Novák Pavel , Kodým Roman , Schimo‐Aichhorn Gabriela , Muhr Andreas , Duchaczek Hubert , Luckeneder Gerald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHydrogen diffusivity and trapping have been studied in two advanced high strength steel grades and model samples using electrochemical permeation test. Microstructures of CP1000 and DP1000 steels consist of ferrite, martensite and a small fraction of retained austenite. In addition, bainite is present in CP1000. Model phases with predominance of a particular phase have been prepared by specific heat treatment. DP1000 has shown the lowest diffusivity among all materials, while ferritic model sample has shown the highest. Differences in hydrogen diffusion coefficient values are linked to trapping microstructural characteristics and grain size.
Improving heavy rainfall forecasts by assimilating surface precipitation in the convective scale model AROME: A case study of the Mediterranean event of November 4, 2017
Authors: Sahlaoui Zahra , Mordane Soumia , Wattrelot Eric , Mahfouf Jean‐François 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability of precipitation assimilation is assessed in a convective scale model in order to improve the precipitation forecast for a Mediterranean heavy rain event that took place on November 4, 2017. The proposed assimilation method is based on a two‐step approach. First, one‐dimensional variational (1D‐Var) assimilation is applied on hourly accumulated precipitation to retrieve temperature and specific humidity profiles. These retrieved profiles are then combined in relative humidity profiles before being assimilated into the AROME (Application of Research to Operational at MEsoscale) 3D‐Var system. Three experiments are run for this case study. The results show that precipitation assimilation has a positive impact on both moisture analysis and the forecast of dynamic fields. A comparison of 24 hr‐accumulated precipitation forecasts with precipitation analysis from radar and gauge data (ANTILOPE) demonstrates the ability of rain assimilation to improve convective precipitation forecasts. A statistical evaluation against rain gauges indicates better scores due to the additional moisture information given by the precipitation assimilation.