bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATION OF THE LIVING SPACE ON THE SEVERIAN VODYANE HILL-FORT
Authors: Koloda V. V. 
Published: July 2020

The organization of the living space in the Romenska culture part of Vodyane hill-fort in Zmiiv district of Khakiv oblast is analyzed in the paper. The hill-fort occupies the edge of plateau and a high cape of the right bank of Uda River; it existed during two periods: the Early Iron Age — mid. 5th—4th cent. BC (the forest-steppe culture of Sсythian Age) and Early Middle Ages — the Romenska archaeological culture. In the latter period only the northern part of the site was inhabited (0,5 ha). The Severian neighboring community lived here for 50—60 years (within the 10th — beginning of 11th centuries). A total of 11 dwellings, 2 household buildings, 3 open heating systems (cookhouses), vault, 6 household pits (one of which was used for food storing) were discovered on the hill-fort.
In the Severian time the hill-fort was built by rows/lines of houses from the southern east to the northern west with the consideration of the topographic level of each separate row. Three building lines are watched and the southern one was probably the earliest. First researchers recorded the entrance to the hill-fort on the west edge of the cape with a rampart. The absence of objects and, practically, of cultural layer in the south-western corner of the yard and along the considerable part of the western edge of the cape provide an opportunity to offer the organization of the living space of the settlement. From the entrance to the hill-fort, the road ran along the western edge of the cape, and the passes between rows of houses were located to the south from this road.
At least 6 homesteads stand out on the hill-fort. 3 more homesteads can be defined based on the presence of cavities on the site surface. It points to the fact that the organization of the living space on Vodyane hill-fort in the end of the 1st millennium is defined by linear character (by rows) with elements of homestead building. It corresponds to the late period of the Severians’ development, when clan community was replaced by neighboring one.
VYPOVZIV — THE MILITARY, TRADE AND CRAFT CENTER IN LOW DESNA REGION
Authors: Skorokhod V. M. 
Published: July 2020

The materials of the excavations of Vypovziv Archaeological Complex of the late 9th—10th centuries which existed as one of the military, trade and handicraft points of the Low Desna region are analyzed in the paper. Also the chronology and functions in the region are determinated here.
Vypovziv is located on a narrow long cape that «creeps out» for 700 m into the flood plains of the Desna river near the village of Vypovziv, Kozelets district, Chernihiv region. It is placed between Chernihiv and Vyshgorod — on the route of the so-called «Monomakh Road» which connected the capital of Rus — Kyiv with the center of the largest principality on Desna river — Chernihiv. The site consists of a settlement, suburb and hem. The remains of wood and earth fortifications, twice burned during the 10th century, were explored on the site. Foundation pit of pithouse and remains of donjon of the 10th century have been discovered on the site.
Open settlement was located to the west of the site. The building of the same period was situated there. The peculiarity of building of Vypovziv settlement is the high concentration of constructions. Dwellings were built one above the other, sometimes in the same foundation pits. The end of the mass building of the site was reasoned by local fire synchronous with the destruction of the fortifications of the settlement which dates back to the middle of the 10th century. It is well traced by remains of burned-out buildings and allows to highlight the simultaneous constructions.
Vypovziv archaeological complex was formed in accordance with all Rus tendencies of development of the cities and settlements in the early phase of state formation. They arose at the end of the 9th — beginning of the 10th centuries as a result of active military, political and trade activity of the Rus people. Frequent finds of dishes, decorations, objects of everyday life in the cultural layer of the site and in the objects of the 10th century indicate the probability of the movement of small populations from the right bank of the Dnieper to the Low Desna region. It is possible that part of the population (representatives of the Luka-Raykovetsky culture) was used to settle in such points, possibly as slaves for sale in the markets of the East at the end of 9th — the beginning of 10th century.
LATE MEDIEVAL VOLHYNIAN CASTLES (Researh of 14th—16th Centuries Sites in the Horyn River Basin)
Authors: Pryshchepa B. A. 
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the topography, planning and defense systems of late medieval castles of the Horyn River basin. Literary sources mention 43 castles which is about half of the total number of Volhynian castles of the sixteenth century. Most of them concentrate in the upper reaches of the Horyn River, within the limits of the North Podillia Upland (18) and in the middle reaches of the Horyn in the Volhynian Highland (23). Most of the castles (10) were in the estates of Ostrozki princes. The remains of 16 fortifications were excavated. All of them were the parts of privately owned cities. According to the topographic conditions of the site most of them had the fortifications built on the capes. As for the planning scheme the castles are classified into two groups: the simple (having one fortified site) and multiple (with two fortified sites). Archeological excavations took place in the territory of 5 castles with two fortified sites (Ostroh, Taikury, Dorohobuzh, Rivne, Korets). The fact of the construction of castles in Slavic settlements were studied at 10 sites. The examples of the use of early settlements for the construction of late medieval castles allow conclude that their complex planning (fortified center and suburb) derived from the practice of the period of Kyiv Rus. Concerning the size of the fortified sites, the castles of Pohorynnia (Horyn River basin) are quite diverse. The smallest ones had an area of 0.1—0.2 ha (Krupa, Verkhiv, Marenyn), the largest — 3.2 ha (Ostroh). There is certain dependence between the area of the castles and their administrative and economic importance, primarily the size of subordinated land holdings, estates or parishes. The centers of large land holdings of princely families were Ostroh, Zaslav, Olyka, Korets. Rivne, Klevan and Stepan also were the centers of large territories while Zhukov and Dorohobuzh were the centers of smaller estates. The number of castles in the region significantly increased in the sixteenth century, during the time when the military threat from the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire increased. Most of the castles had wooden and earth fortifications and only some, in the sixteenth century, were reinforced with stone and brick defense objects — towers, gates, walls.
OLD RUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX «FEOFANIIA» (basing on the exploration in 2016—2017)
Authors: Zotsenko І. V. 
Published: July 2020

The material and archaeological context of the research of Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of the IA NAS of Ukraine in 2016—2017 are considered in the paper. The group of sites dating to the 11th—13th centuries is located in the southern part of Kyiv named Feofania. This archaeological complex includes the hill-fort and three settlements. The officers of the Kyiv Archaeology Department Dr. O. Manigda and V. Kryzhanovsky made the surveying of the site. The exploration in 2016—2017 is connected with the construction of residential complex on the territory of settlement 2. Due to it the large area of the settlement — 2850 m2 — was discovered and explored. During the excavations 55 archaeological sites of Old Rus time were discovered. Among them are the residential and industrial buildings, outbuildings. The latter includes the object with a complex of adobe kilns (such structures have a very few analogies). The large number of archaeological material was collected among which are the items with the city nomenclature. Paleobotanical remains are distinguished in a separate numerous category of material. The traces of two fires have been occurred at the settlement. If the second fire is related to the collapse of the settlement during the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1240), the first one dates to the end of 11th — beginning of the 12th century, and the reason of it is unknown. Summing up the previous results, it is possible to refer the settlements No. 2 to the type of settlements privately owned by representatives of the feudal class. The group settlements and the hill-fort formed the block-post controlling the way to Kyiv from the south.
In addition to Medieval antiquities the number of finds and objects of the Late Bronze — Early Iron Ages, as well as three burials of the late 18th—19th centuries, which apparently related to the cemetery of Saint Panteleimon Monastery, were discovered.
EXPLORATION OF THE OLD RUS’ RURAL CRAFT AND LIVING SETTLEMENTS IN KYIV REGION ON THE RIGHT BANK OF DNIEPER
Authors: Petrauskas O. V. , Petrauskas A. V. 
Published: July 2020

In 2017 the archaeological exploration in the zone of construction of the transmission line in the Makariv district of Kyiv region took place. Three sites — Nalyvaikivka 1 (second half of the 10th — 11th, 12th—13th centuries), Farm 2 (2nd—1st millennium BC) and Farm 3 (11th century) were excavated. The total area of excavation was 165 m2.
The settlement Nalyvaykivka 1 is located in the area with high wetlands and had the necessary conditions for the extraction of iron and forestry — extraction of tar, charcoal and harvesting. The site Nalivaykivka 1 was the Medieval industrial rural settlements.
The site Nalyvaykivka 1 contains a lot of artifacts related to iron production. They represent the different stages of the metallurgical process. Fragments of furnace for iron production have been found. The specific design of the metallurgical furnace was ascertained.
The location near ore deposits (the iron-mining center in the Kolonshchyna region) and near the powerful product market (Kyiv) led to the craft character of the settlement. Probably it was part of the group of settlements pecialized in the production and primary processing of iron.
The materials of the Ferma 3 settlement confirm the high economic level of the rural district of Kyiv region in comparison with the material culture of the Old Rus cities. There were no any archaeological objects excavated at the settlement. But in the cultural layer the interesting finds were recorded: the bi-conical shape whorl made of pink shale; the small iron knife with a straight back, the blade separated from the shank ledge; the anvil (?) will slip; the iron arrowhead with broken edge; iron bits; bronze vessel; metallurgical slag; shale fragment of pink; iron awl. The presence of Byzantine amphorae, glass bracelets, bronze vessels, items of military or hunting equipment testifies to the active trade and craft relations of rural and urban population of Kyiv Rus.
THE GRAVES WITH WEAPONS AT THE OSTRIV BURIAL GROUND (excavations of 2017—2019)
Authors: Baranov V. I. , Ivakin V. H. 
Published: July 2020

In 2017 the new burial ground on the right bank of Ros river between Puhachivka and Ostriv villages, in Rokytne district, Kyiv region was discovered. During 2017—2019 67 burials have been excavated there. Diverse and spectacular archaeological objects discovered during excavations — the spiral torques, cross-bow ladder fibulae of type Bliujiene V, penannular brooches with rolled terminals, poppy-head terminals, funnel-shaped terminals, star-shaped terminals and widening terminals, bracelets with zoomorphic terminals, chains, temporal-rings and rings — all these grave goods are typical to Western Baltic tribes (Old Prussians, Curonians, Skalvians). The burial assemblages with weapons compose the notable number. Buried men were equipped with axes, spears, pila. As M. Plavinsky stated using of the pillum was the feature of Baltic military-technic tradition. In generall the weapons discovered in the Ostriv burial ground points to the prevalence of infantry in that community. This allows suggest that people buried in the Ostriv burial ground were the warriors of Ros defensive line.
From historical point of view archaeological finds well illustrate and prove the chronicle evidences about activity of first Kyiv princes, first of all of Volodymyr the Great and Yaroslav the Wise, directed to the strengthening of the southern borders of Kyiv Rus. The lands of Ros basin historically were the border with steppe and the Ros river was a proper, natural defensive factor, the frontier between the world of settled farmers and steppe nomads. Kyiv princes traditionally placed here their military forces, defending the capital of Rus from nomadic charges. We believe that the Ostriv burial ground could be associated with the garrison of Stari Sukholisy hill-fort consisted of Western Baltic people.
BYZANTINE STONE ICON OF THE VIRGIN HAGIOSORITISSA FROM VSHCHIZH
Authors: Arkhypova Ye. I. 
Published: July 2020

The fragment of stone icon with the image of Virgin, outstretching her arms in prayer, has been found in 1949 during the excavations of B. A. Rybakov on the site of Vshchizh, the small city of Chernigov principality. After the invasion of Batu Khan in 1238 it was destroyed and depopulated until the 16th century. T. V. Nikolaeva included the icon into the catalog of Rus stone icons as local craftsman’s production of 12th (?) century, exquisitely made and preserved the painting. The icon has been reproduced on the poor-quality black and white photography and for a long time did not attract the attention of researchers. The examination of digital image of the icon showed that T. V. Nikolaeva opinion was incorrect. The icon preserved not only the painting but also the gilding and Greek letters of dipinto representing the monogram of Mother of God. Usually the dipinti or their traces preserve very poorly on a stone and bone, especially on the icons which have been worn on the breast. The painted inscriptions were wiped away and later replaced by carving or repainting. Gilding, painting and dipinti are known on the Byzantine stone and bone icons but they have not been found on the icons made by Rus craftsmen in pre-Mongolian time. The using of all these techniques, fine relief, thickness of the plate (less than 1 cm) permit to consider the icon from Vshchizh the work of Byzantine, probably Constantinople, craftsman. The iconography makes it possible to attribute the image of Virgin to the type of Hagiosoritissa, and the style permits to date the icon to the second half of 12th — the beginning of 13th century.
THE PIN FROM THE SOFIIVSKA BORSHCHAHIVKA
Authors: Kazymir O. M. , Hotun I. A. 
Published: July 2020

The excavations headed by O. P. Motsa of the settlement on the bank of the river Nyvka in Sofiivska Borshchahivka in the western suburb of Kiev provided the representative collection, containing a number of items, quite rare, and even unique in the South Rus lands. One of them is the bronze pin with a total length of about 10 cm casted in two-sided form with a top in the form of duck. The researchers consider the pins, as a part of the costume, attributed to the Baltic and Finnish-Ugric population, which surrounded the North Rus lands and partially was a part of the Old Rus state. Initially, through contacts with the latter, these items got to Novgorod and other destinations (in Chersonese, for example, according to experts, such things serve as an indicator of ties with suppliers of northern fur). The pin from the Sofiyivska Borshchahivka settlement obviously represents a further development of the shape of these decorations: in its upper part above three petals with inserted rings there is a three-dimensional figure of a duck with its head pointing back. Analysis of literature allows trace the usage of a small group of similar ear-picks and pins with figures of a rooster, a dog etc. — species that have long been valued by various ethnic groups. The decoration from Sofiyivska Borshchahivka reflects the level of development of medieval metal-plastics, shows the cultural ties (especially along with other items presented on the site which tend to the specified region), acts as an indicator of both the high well-being of the population of medieval settlement structures and not yet exhausted information opportunities of the latter.
Perencanaan Operasi Survei dan Pemetaan Hidro-Oseanografi Berdasarkan Ketelitian C-13 dan Pemeliharaan Peta Laut Sesuai Dengan S-4 B600 IHO
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin , B Dikdik S. Mulyadi , Noviato Andry , Santoso Agus Iwan , Rexano Leonardo , Bachrodin Imam 
Published: July 2020

Penulisan tugas akhir ini dilatar belakangi oleh publikasi S-44 tentang standar Manual Hydrografi. Dalam menentukan survei terdapat proses pembuatan lajur perum sehingga mendapatkan hari perum pada peta yang direncanakan, dalam hal ini penulis menggunakan peta laut Indonesia no 06 (kajian penulis ini) perhitungan lajur perum sesuai dalam ketentuan C-13 yaitu dimana perencanaan tersebut menggunakan orde sesuai dengan kedalaman yang terdapat di Peta Laut Indonesia no 06, proses penilaian dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan perbedaan antara perencanaan konvensional atau sebelumnya dengan perencanaan dengan menggunakan orde, proses penilaian tersebut menggunakan parameter IHO C-13 chapter 1 (kriteria prinsip hidrografi survei), setelah melakukan klasifikasi luasan area yang terdapat di peta laut Indonesia akan dilakukan penilaian dengan S4-B600 dimana dengan luasan area yang direncanakan masuk kedalam katageori yang mana. Saran dan masukan yang didapat dalam penulisan ini sebagai acuan dimana perencanaan pada peta yang bertampalan bisa dilakukan secara langsung dengan menggunakan ketentuan orde. Adapun tindakan yang dilakukan adalah data yang sudah ada bisa digunakan apabila ada pembuatan peta baru dengan no peta yang baru.
Komparasi Pengolahan Data Side Scan Sonar Menggunakan 2 (dua) Perangkat Lunak Triton Imaging Isis dan Sonarwiz (Studi Kasus Perairan Batam Kepulauan Riau)
Authors: Efendi Tria , Mulyadi Dikdik S. , Prasetyo Agung , Amril Amril , Kusuma Adhi , Santoso Agus Iwan 
Published: July 2020

Survei dan pemetaan laut yang sangat diperlukan dalam berbagai aplikasi kelautan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya dengan proses pencitraan dasar laut. Proses pencitraan dasar laut dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara pula, diantaranya pencitraan dengan menggunakan instrumen Side Scan Sonar. Perangkat lunak Triton imaging Isis dan Sonarwiz sebagai perangkat pengolahan data Side Scan Sonar diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran nyata citra dasar laut sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja dari pelaksanaan survei Side Scan Sonar. Tugas Akhir ini akan memberikan penjelasan tentang perbandingan pengolahan data Side Scan Sonar dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Triton Imaging Isis dan Sonarwiz, sehingga menghasilkan data gambaran dasar laut. Hasil pengolahan data citra Side Scan Sonar menggunakan Triton Imaging Isis dan Sonarwiz dapat dijadikan informasi posisi pipa gas dasar laut dan diplot untuk dijadikan sebuah peta dalam bentuk lembar lukis teliti.
Advancing the Velocity Gradient Technique: Using Gradient Amplitudes and Handling Thermal Broadening
Authors: Yuen Ka Ho , Lazarian Alex 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent development of the velocity gradient technique allows observers to map magnetic field orientations and magnetization using the direction of velocity gradients. Aside from the directions, amplitudes of velocity gradients also contain valuable information about the underlying properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. In this paper, we explore what physical information is contained in the amplitudes of velocity gradients and discuss how this information can be used to diagnose properties of turbulence in both diffuse and self-gravitating interstellar media. We identify the relations between amplitudes of both intensity and velocity centroid gradients and the sonic Mach number M

s
, and they are consistent with the theory’s predictions. We test the robustness of the method and discuss how to utilize the amplitudes of gradients into self-gravitating media. To extend the velocity gradient technique, we also discuss the usage of amplitude method to position–position–velocity space as a possible way to retrieve the velocity channel maps before the contamination of thermal broadening. We discuss that the velocity gradient technique with these advancements could potentially give a significantly more accurate statistical insight into the properties of magnetized turbulence.
On the Relationship between Magnetic Expansion Factor and Observed Speed of the Solar Wind from Coronal Pseudostreamers
Authors: Wallace Samantha , Arge C. Nick , Viall Nicholeen , Pihlström Ylva 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For the past 30+ yr, the magnetic expansion factor (f

s
) has been used in empirical relationships to predict solar wind speed (v
obs) at 1 au based on an inverse relationship between these two quantities. Coronal unipolar streamers (i.e., pseudostreamers) undergo limited field line expansion, resulting in f

s
-dependent relationships to predict the fast wind associated with these structures. However, case studies have shown that the in situ observed pseudostreamer solar wind was much slower than that derived with f

s
. To investigate this further, we conduct a statistical analysis to determine if f

s
and v
obs are inversely correlated for a large sample of periods when pseudostreamer wind was observed at multiple 1 au spacecraft (i.e., ACE, STEREO-A/B). We use the Wang–Sheeley–Arge model driven by Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) photospheric field maps to identify 38 periods when spacecraft observe pseudostreamer wind. We compare the expansion factor of the last open field lines on either side of a pseudostreamer cusp with the corresponding in situ measured solar wind speed. We find that only slow wind (v
obs < 500 km s−1) is associated with pseudostreamers and that there is not a significant correlation between f

s
and v
obs for these field lines. This suggests that field lines near the open–closed boundary of pseudostreamers are not subject to the steady-state acceleration along continuously open flux tubes assumed in the f

s
–v
obs relationship. In general, dynamics at the boundary between open and closed field lines such as interchange reconnection will invalidate the steady-state assumptions of this relationship.