bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory illness among Gulf War and Gulf War era veterans who use the Department of Veterans Affairs for healthcare
Authors: Dursa Erin K. , Tadesse Bemnete E. , Carter Caitlin E. , Culpepper William J. , Schneiderman Aaron I. , Rumm Peter D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVeterans of the 1990‐1991 Gulf War were exposed to a variety of toxic substances during their service that included several airborne hazards, but only a few small studies have assessed respiratory outcomes in Gulf War veterans. This paper presents population prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios of respiratory disease among Gulf War and Gulf War Era veterans who use VA healthcare. MethodsA total of 360,909 Gulf War deployed veterans and 323,638 Gulf War Era non‐deployed veterans were included in the analysis. Ten‐year period prevalence rates (PRs) for fifteen respiratory diseases were calculated for Gulf War and Gulf War Era veterans and period prevalence ratios comparing Gulf War veterans to Gulf War Era veterans were calculated.ResultsThe five respiratory conditions with the highest prevalence per 100,000 veterans across both Gulf War deployed and Gulf War Era non‐deployed veterans (respectively) were: allergic rhinitis (8,400 and 8,041), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4,763 and 4,795), asthma (4,685 and 4,477), chronic airway obstruction (3,983 and 4,059), and chronic sinusitis (2,863 and 2,672). The adjusted PRs showed a small, but significantly increased, elevation in Gulf War‐deployed compared to Gulf War Era non‐deployed veterans for chronic bronchitis (PR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10, 1.28), emphysema (PR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.21), chronic airway obstruction (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.07, 1.12), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PR 1.09; 1.07, 1.11).DiscussionGulf War veterans should continue to be monitored in the future to better evaluate the potential long‐term consequences on respiratory health.
Overlapping vulnerabilities in workers of the electronics recycling industry formal sector: A commentary
Authors: Ceballos Diana M. , Côté Daniel , Bakhiyi Bouchra , Flynn Michael A. , Zayed Joseph , Gravel Sabrina , Herrick Robert F. , Labrèche France 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVulnerabilities in workers performing electronics recycling (e‐recycling) in the informal sector worldwide have been well documented. However, the growing e‐recycling industry in the formal sector still brings many challenges to protect the health of workers and their environment. This commentary aims to draw attention to the overlooked vulnerabilities faced by the workers of the e‐recycling industry formal sector in high‐income countries and discuss the potential impact on health inequalities experienced by these workers. Expanding the definition of vulnerability, not limited to the biological susceptibility to chemical and physical exposures, the demographic characteristics of workers in the e‐recycling formal sector often reveal social groups known to be disadvantaged regarding occupational exposures and health effects, including young workers, immigrant or ethnic minorities, and workers with mental or physical health issues or disabilities. Overlapping structural vulnerabilities of the e‐recycling industry stem from its newness, its working conditions, its conditions of employment, and the sociodemographic characteristics of its workforce. This phenomenon in high‐income countries is not restricted to the e‐recycling industry alone. It is rather a symptom of more generalized macro socioeconomical phenomena. The present challenges are in line with the new gig and green economies and changes in the global market, and their consequences on the solid waste sector. Continued efforts to strengthen the inclusion of social aspects of health into the complex interaction of the structural vulnerabilities met by e‐recycling workers will be essential to anticipate and prevent health issues in this essential but still emerging workforce.
Severe intellectual disability, absence of language, epilepsy, microcephaly and progressive cerebellar atrophy related to the recurrent de novo variant p.(P139L) of the CAMK2B gene: A case report and brief review
Authors: Rizzi Susanna , Spagnoli Carlotta , Salerno Grazia Gabriella , Frattini Daniele , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Trimarchi Gabriele , Moratti Claudio , Pascarella Rosario , Garavelli Livia , Fusco Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe CAMK2B gene encodes the β‐subunit of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), an enzyme that has crucial roles in synaptic plasticity, especially in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons. Heterozygous variants in CAMK2B cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, with 40% of the reported cases sharing the same variant: c.416C>T, p.(P139L). This case report describes a 22‐year‐old patient with this recurrent variant, who presents with severe intellectual disability, absence of language, hypotonia, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, motor stereotypies, optic atrophy, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. Notably, this patient is the oldest reported so far and allows us to better delineate the clinical phenotype associated with this variant, adding clinical aspects never described before, such as epilepsy, optic atrophy, scoliosis, and neuroradiological changes characterized by progressive cerebellar atrophy.
Pepsin exposure in a non‐acidic environment upregulates mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression via matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)/nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Choi Yoon Seok , Na Hyung Gyun , Bae Chang Hoon , Song Si‐Youn , Kim Yong‐Dae 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGastric reflux (GR) is a backflow of gastric content to the aerodigestive tract. GR was previously found to be associated with inflammatory airway diseases and a potential cause of airway remodeling. Chronic exposure to gastric content may induce damage from nose to lung, because digestive enzymes and acidity are toxic to airway epithelial cells. Recently, the toxicity of pepsin in a non‐acidic environment was found to increase proinflammatory cytokines and receptors in the epithelium of the aerodigestive tract. However, the effect of pepsin in non‐acidic conditions on mucin expression has not been investigated in human airway epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pepsin on mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in upper and lower airway epithelial cells as an important potential factor of non‐acidic GR‐related airway inflammation.MethodsIn NCI‐H292 cells and human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs), the effects and signaling pathways of pepsin on MUC5AC expression were examined using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), real‐time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, zymography, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsPepsin increased MUC5AC expression in non‐acidic condition of NCI‐H292 cells and HNEpCs. Further, pepsin activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB). Moreover, inhibitors of MMP9 and NF‐κB significantly attenuated pepsin‐induced MUC5AC expression, and the knockdown of NF‐κB by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly blocked pepsin‐induced MUC5AC expression in human airway epithelial cells.ConclusionThese findings suggest that pepsin increased MUC5AC expression in non‐acidic conditions via the activation of MMP9 and NF‐κB in human airway epithelial cells.
Null Fluid Collapse in Rastall Theory of Gravity
Authors: Ziaie Amir Hadi , Tavakoli Yaser 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA Vaidya spacetime is considered for gravitational collapse of a type II fluid in the context of the Rastall theory of gravity. For a linear equation of state for the fluid profiles, the conditions under which the dynamical evolution of the collapse can give rise to the formation of a naked singularity are examined. It is shown that depending on the model parameters, strong curvature, naked singularities would arise as exact solutions to the Rastall's field equations. The allowed values of these parameters satisfy certain conditions on the physical reliability, nakedness, and the curvature strength of the singularity. It turns out that Rastall gravity, in comparison to general relativity, provides a wider class of physically reasonable spacetimes that admit both locally and globally naked singularities.
A Polymorphic Azobenzene Cage for Energy‐Efficient and Highly Selective p‐Xylene Separation
Authors: Moosa Basem , Alimi Lukman O. , Shkurenko Aleksander , Fakim Aliyah , Bhatt Prashant M. , Zhang Gengwu , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping the competence of molecular sorbents for energy‐saving applications, such as C8 separations, requires efficient, stable, scalable, and easily recyclable materials that can readily transition to commercial implementation. Herein, we report an azobenzene‐based cage for the selective separation of p‐xylene isomer across a range of C8 isomers in both vapor and liquid states with selectivity that is higher than the reported all‐organic sorbents. The crystal structure shows non‐porous cages that are separated by p‐xylene molecules through selective CH–π interactions between the azo bonds and the methyl hydrogen atoms of the xylene molecules. This cage is stable in solution and can be regenerated directly under vacuum to be used in multiple cycles. We envisage that this work will promote the investigation of the azo bond as well as guest‐induced crystal‐to‐crystal phase transition in non‐porous organic solids for energy‐intensive separations.
Supramolecular Assembly and Chirality of Synthetic Carbohydrate Materials
Authors: Gim Soeun , Fittolani Giulio , Nishiyama Yoshiharu , Seeberger Peter H. , Ogawa Yu , Delbianco Martina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHierarchical carbohydrate architectures serve multiple roles in nature. Hardly any correlations between the carbohydrate chemical structures and the material properties are available due to the lack of standards and suitable analytic techniques. Therefore, designer carbohydrate materials remain highly unexplored, as compared to peptides and nucleic acids. A synthetic D‐glucose disaccharide, DD, was chosen as a model to explore carbohydrate materials. Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED), optimized for oligosaccharides, revealed that DD assembled into highly crystalline left‐handed helical fibers. The supramolecular architecture was correlated to the local crystal organization, allowing for the design of the enantiomeric right‐handed fibers, based on the L‐glucose disaccharide, LL, or flat lamellae, based on the racemic mixture. Tunable morphologies and mechanical properties suggest the potential of carbohydrate materials for nanotechnology applications.
Aminometallierung mit einem gemischten K/Li‐Amid: Eine Syntheseroute zu schwer zugänglichen Phenethylamin‐Derivaten
Authors: Hermann Andreas , Opper Ulrike , Voß Andreas , Brieger Lukas , Otte Felix , Unkelbach Christian , O'Shea Donal F. , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIm Folgenden werden Erkenntnisse aus dem Vergleich von Aminometallierungs‐Reaktionen mit Lithiumamiden, Kaliumamiden und gemischten Lithium/Kaliumamiden vorgestellt. Durch eine Kombination von Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalysen, DFT‐Berechnungen und Abfangreaktionen von aminometallierten Zwischenprodukten werden die Vorteile einer hetero‐metallischen Strategie deutlich. Während Kaliumamide keine Reaktivität zeigen, ist die der Lithiumamide unkontrollierbar und eine Eliminierung kann nicht verhindert werden. Durch die synergistische Kombination beider Metalle wird jedoch eine ausreichend kontrollierbare Reaktivität erreicht. Die Aminometallierung mit Kalium führt zur Bildung von Alkylkalium‐Spezies, die im Vergleich zu ihren Lithium‐Kongeneren eine höhere Stabilität aufweisen und dadurch eine Isolierung sowie eine weitere Charakterisierung ermöglichen.
Metal Nanozyme with Ester Hydrolysis Activity in the Presence of Ammonia‐Borane and Its Use in a Sensitive Immunosensor
Authors: Nandhakumar Ponnusamy , Kim Gyeongho , Park Seonhwa , Kim Seonghye , Kim Suhkmann , Park Jin Kyoon , Lee Nam‐Sihk , Yoon Young Ho , Yang Haesik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticle surfaces are used for peroxidase‐ and oxidase‐like nanozymes but not for esterase‐like nanozymes. It is challenging to obtain rapid catalytic hydrolysis on a metal surface and even more so without a catalytically labile substrate. Here, we report that metal nanoparticle surfaces rapidly catalyze non‐redox ester hydrolysis in the presence of redox H3N−BH3 (AB). Metal hydrides are readily generated on a Pt nanoparticle (PtNP) from AB, and as a result the PtNP becomes electron‐rich, which might assist nucleophilic attack of H2O on the carbonyl group of an ester. The nanozyme system based on PtNP, AB, and 4‐aminonaphthalene‐1‐yl acetate provides an electrochemical signal‐to‐background ratio much higher than natural enzymes, due to the rapid ester hydrolysis and redox cycling involving the hydrolysis product. The nanozyme system is applied in a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for thyroid‐stimulating hormone detection. The calculated detection limit is approximately 0.3 pg mL−1, which indicates the high sensitivity of the immunosensor using the PtNP nanozyme.
Sequential Chiral Induction and Regulator‐Assisted Chiral Memory of Pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Fa Shixin , Egami Kouichi , Adachi Keisuke , Kato Kenichi , Ogoshi Tomoki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChirality transfer is widely observed in life processes, and many artificial chiral transfer systems have been developed. In these systems, chiral information is transferred from chiral inducers to chiral acceptors by a direct chiral induction process and a direct chiral memorization process. We have developed ternary nondirect chiral transfer systems based on pillar[5]arenes, in which a third factor was introduced as a regulator. The planar chirality of an acceptor was induced and memorized by a chiral inducer with precise control by a regulator. In the chiral induction period, the feed sequence of the chiral inducer and regulator affected the chiral induction behavior of the chiral acceptor. The chiral memory ability of the acceptor was substantially improved by the combined action of the chiral inducer and regulator.
Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport
Authors: Du Bujie , Chong Yue , Jiang Xingya , Yu Mengxiao , Lo U‐Gling , Dang Andrew , Chen Yu‐An , Li Siqing , Hernandez Elizabeth , Lin Jason C. , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Zheng Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRenal tubular secretion is an active efflux pathway for the kidneys to remove molecules but has yet to be used to enhance kidney cancer targeting. We report indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated with a 2100 Da PEG molecule (ICG‐PEG45) as a renal‐tubule‐secreted near‐infrared‐emitting fluorophore for hyperfluorescence imaging of kidney cancers, which cannot be achieved with hepatobiliary‐ and glomerular‐clearable ICG. This pathway‐dependent targeting of kidney cancer arises from the fact that the secretion pathway enables ICG‐PEG45 to be effectively effluxed out of normal proximal tubules through P‐glycoprotein transporter while being retained in cancerous kidney tissues with low P‐glycoprotein expression. Tuning elimination pathways and utilizing different efflux kinetics of medical agents in normal and diseased tissues could be a new strategy for tackling challenges in disease diagnosis and treatments that cannot be addressed with passive and ligand‐receptor‐mediated active targeting.
Metal Halide Regulated Photophysical Tuning of Zero‐Dimensional Organic Metal Halide Hybrids: From Efficient Phosphorescence to Ultralong Afterglow
Authors: Xu Liang‐Jin , Plaviak Anna , Lin Xinsong , Worku Michael , He Qingquan , Chaaban Maya , Kim Bumjoon J. , Ma Biwu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe photophysical tuning is reported for a series of tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) metal halide hybrids containing distinct metal halides, TPP2MXn (MXn=SbCl5, MnCl4, ZnCl4, ZnCl2Br2, ZnBr4), from efficient phosphorescence to ultralong afterglow. The afterglow properties of TPP+ cations could be suspended for the hybrids containing low band gap emissive metal halide species, such as SbCl52− and MnCl42−, but significantly enhanced for the hybrids containing wide band gap non‐emissive ZnCl42−. Structural and photophysical studies reveal that the enhanced afterglow is attributed to stronger π–π stacking and intermolecular electronic coupling between TPP+ cations in TPP2ZnCl4 than in the pristine organic ionic compound TPPCl. Moreover, the afterglow in TPP2ZnX4 can be tuned by controlling the halide composition, with the change from Cl to Br resulting in a shorter afterglow due to the heavy atom effect.
Ein neues, mechanisch verzahntes [Pd2L4] Käfigmotiv durch Dimerisierung von zwei Peptid‐basierten Lemniskaten
Authors: Schulte Thorben R. , Holstein Julian J. , Schneider Laura , Adam Abdulselam , Haberhauer Gebhard , Clever Guido H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie meisten metallo‐supramolekularen Verbindungen mit niedriger Nuklearität nehmen einfache Topologien an, wobei Brückenliganden benachbarte Metallzentren direkt verbinden. Hier steuern wir ein neues Strukturmotiv zur Familie der Wirtsverbindungen mit niedriger Anzahl von Metallzentren (zwei) bei, das aus einem Paar doppelt verzahnter, achtförmiger Untereinheiten besteht, die auch als “Lemniskate” bezeichnet werden. Jedes Metall wird durch zwei chirale, zweizähnige Liganden chelatisiert, die aus einem peptidischen, Naturprodukt‐ähnlichen Makrocyclus bestehen, der zwei Pyridyl‐funktionalisierte Arme trägt. Ergebnisse von DFT‐Rechnungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Dimerisierung der mononuklearen Hälften durch eine Kombination aus 1) Coulomb‐Wechselwirkung mit dem zentralen Anion, 2) π‐π‐Stapelung zwischen verschlungenen Ligandarmen und 3) dispersiven Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem inneren Kern, eingebettet in eine Hülle aus Kavitand‐artigen Makrocyclen, getrieben wird. Die resultierende, käfigartige Struktur wurde über NMR‐, MS‐ und Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. Das mechanisch gebundene System unterstreicht den Umfang der strukturellen Vielfalt, die durch metallvermittelte Selbstassemblierung aus nur wenigen Bestandteilen zugänglich ist.
Template‐Directed Quantitative One‐Pot Synthesis of Homochiral Helical Receptors Enabling Enantioselective Binding
Authors: Kim Kyung Mog , Song Geunmoo , Lee Seungwon , Jeon Hae‐Geun , Chae Woojeong , Jeong Kyu‐Sung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTemplate‐directed synthesis and dynamic covalent chemistry were implemented to achieve quantitative one‐pot syntheses of homochiral helical cavities inside aromatic foldamers. One‐handed helical receptors P‐1, M‐1, P‐2 and M‐2 were assembled from their precursors in the presence of appropriate templates (d‐ and l‐tartaric acid, and d‐ and l‐sorbitol, respectively) via three sequential steps in one pot: imine‐linked chain elongation, template‐induced folding and [4+2] cycloaddition between helical turns. These helical receptors were proven to enantioselectively bind chiral guests used as the templates, and the differences between the association constants of enantiomeric guests were up to more than two orders of magnitude. The structures and binding modes of the receptors were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Tuning Gate‐Opening of a Flexible Metal–Organic Framework for Ternary Gas Sieving Separation
Authors: Dong Qiubing , Zhang Xin , Liu Shuang , Lin Rui‐Biao , Guo Yanan , Ma Yunsheng , Yonezu Akira , Krishna Rajamani , Liu Gongpin , Duan Jingui , Matsuda Ryotaro , Jin Wanqin , Chen Banglin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn comparison with the fast development of binary mixture separations, ternary mixture separations are significantly more difficult and have rarely been realized by a single material. Herein, a new strategy of tuning the gate‐opening pressure of flexible MOFs is developed to tackle such a challenge. As demonstrated by a flexible framework NTU‐65, the gate‐opening pressure of ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be regulated by temperature. Therefore, efficient sieving separation of this ternary mixture was realized. Under optimized temperature, NTU‐65 adsorbed a large amount of C2H2and CO2through gate‐opening and only negligible amount of C2H4. Breakthrough experiments demonstrated that this material can simultaneously capture C2H2and CO2, yielding polymer‐grade (>99.99 %) C2H4from single breakthrough separation.
Manipulating Light‐Induced Dynamic Macro‐Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Cocrystals
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Lu Bo , Fang Xiaoyu , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmart molecular crystals with light‐driven mechanical responses have received interest owing to their potential uses in molecular machines, artificial muscles, and biomimetics. However, challenges remain in control over both the dynamic photo‐mechanical behaviors and static photonic properties of molecular crystals based on the same molecule. Herein, we show the construction of isostructural co‐crystals allows their light‐induced cracking and jumping behaviors (photosalient effect) to be controlled. Hydrogen‐bonded co‐crystals from 4‐(1‐naphthylvinyl)pyridine (NVP) with co‐formers (tetrafluoro‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (THA) and tetrafluorobenzoic acid (TA)) crystallize as isostructural crystals, but have different static and dynamic photo‐mechanical behaviors. These differences are due to alternations in the orientation ofNVPand hydrogen‐bonding modes of the co‐formers. After light activation, the 1DNVP‐TAcrystal splits and shears off within 1 s. ForNVP‐THA, its photostability and high quantum yield give novel photonic properties, including low optical waveguide loss, highly polarized anisotropy, and efficient up‐conversion fluorescence.
Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indole by Palladium/PC‐Phos‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Transformation
Authors: Chu Haoke , Cheng Jie , Yang Junfeng , Guo Yin‐Long , Zhang Junliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular dynamic kinetic asymmetric dearomatization of 3‐arylindoles with internal alkynes was developed with the use of achiral Xantphos and chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligand (PC‐Phos) as the co‐ligands. This method could deliver various spiro[indene‐1,3′‐indole] compounds in good yields (up to 95 % yield) with up to 98 % ee. The salient features of the transformation include the use of readily available substrates, ease of scale‐up and the versatile functionalization of the products. The mechanistic experiments gave some insights on active intermediates.