bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Burnout Survey for Practicing Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeons: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hudson Patricia , James Kaitlyn , Von Bargen Emily 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among active practicing members of the American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS).

Methods
This was an anonymous electronic survey of AUGS nontrainee physician members. Basic demographic, personal, and professional characteristics were collected. Levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, as defined by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, were utilized to categorize participants into burnout profiles and to determine 2 alternative burnout definitions. Descriptive statistics and models were used to summarize provider characteristics and to explore differences among the burnout profiles.

Results
Of the 1039 active members of AUGS, 280 (26.9%) responded to the survey. Burnout profiles were delineated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Forty-three percent fit the Engaged profile, whereas 13% fit the Burnout profile. Significant differences were seen in the distribution of the burnout profiles for physicians who take call (P=0.015), have a current mentor (P=0.016), screen positive for major depression (P < 0.001), experience suicidal ideation (P=0.018), have a feeling of control regarding their schedule (P < 0.001) and those who would become a physician again (P < 0.001). The overall rate of burnout in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery providers was significantly different depending on the definition utilized (P < 0.01) and ranged from as low as 6.5% to as high as 51.9%.

Conclusions
There were some differences in respondent characteristics seen among the burnout profiles. The chosen definition of burnout significantly affected the purported rate of burnout, complicating comparisons among provider populations.
Endpoint PCR Detection of Sars-CoV-2 RNA
Authors: Moses Samuel , Warren Claire , Robinson Phil , Curtis Jon , Asquith Steve , Holme John , Jain Nisha , Brookes Keeley J , Hanley Quentin S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantitative real-time PCR methods have been used to perform approximately 278 million tests for COVID-19 up to mid-July 2020. Real-time PCR involves a rate limiting step where the samples are measured in situ during each PCR amplification cycle. This creates a bottleneck limiting scalability and as a consequence reducing access to inexpensive reliable testing at national and international scales. We investigated endpoint PCR for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences on synthetic RNA standards and hospital patient samples. The endpoint PCR detection limit is constrained only by the stochastics of low copy numbers and reliably detected single copies of synthetic RNA standards. On a set of 30 patient samples, endpoint PCR found one additional positive sample and was able to confirm an indeterminate sample as negative. These results were found using 4 μl reagent and 1 μl of sample representing an 80% reduction in required RNA extract input and PCR reagent volumes relative to the NHS protocol (20 μl reagent and 5 μl sample). These results indicate that endpoint PCR should be the method of choice for large scale testing programmes. Based on the experience from ultra-high throughput genotyping efforts a single workflow using 384-well plates has similar PCR capacity (250 Million) to that required for all testing done worldwide during the first 7 month of the pandemic.
Discovery of populations endemic to a marine biogeographical transition zone
Authors: Golla Tirupathi Rao , Pieterse Leishe , Jooste Candice M. , Teske Peter R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimBiogeographical transition zones are areas of overlap between the faunas of adjacent biogeographical entities. Particularly, the well-defined transition zones along linear coastlines are interesting natural laboratories to study dispersal and incipient speciation. Few studies have explored whether marine biogeographical transition zones harbour biodiversity that is distinct from that of the biogeographical entities they separate. The Wild Coast in eastern South Africa is a poorly-studied transition zone between region’s warm-temperate and subtropical faunas, and is generally considered to be an area of faunal overlap.LocationThe South African portion of the Western Indian OceanMethodsSequences of the DNA barcoding marker COI were generated from 306 estuarine sandprawns (Callichirus kraussi) collected at 13 sites. Genetic structure and evolutionary history were assessed using a haplotype network and a Bayesian discrete phylogeographic analysis.ResultTwo populations were identified whose ranges are centred on the Wild Coast, a rare one in the northern portion and a more common one in the central and southern portion of this biogeographical transition zone. These populations are not closely related to each other, but descend from subtropical and warm-temperate sister populations, respectively.ConclusionsThis is the first study to indicate that the Wild Coast marine biogeographical transition zone is not merely an area of faunal overlap, and one of very few studies to have discovered genetically unique populations within a marine biogeographical transition zone. The Wild Coast may harbour additional unique biodiversity that remains to be discovered, including rare species that require protection. More research is required to understand how this environmentally dynamic marine biogeographical transition zone differs from the adjacent biogeographical provinces.
Efficacy and tolerability of bevacizumab in patients with severe Covid -19
Authors: Pang Jiaojiao , Xu Feng , Aondio Gianmarco , Li Yu , Fumagalli Alberto , Lu Ming , Valmadre Giuseppe , Wei Jie , Bian Yuan , Canesi Margherita , Damiani Giovanni , Zhang Yuan , Yu Dexin , Chen Jun , Ji Xiang , Sui Wenhai , Wang Bailu , Wu Shuo , Kovacs Attila , Revera Miriam , Wang Hao , Zhang Ying , Chen Yuguo , Cao Yihai 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTOn the basis of Covid-19-induced pulmonary pathological and vascular changes, we hypothesized that the anti-VEGF drug bevacizumab might be beneficial for treating Covid-19 patients. We recruited 26 patients from 2-centers (China and Italy) with confirmed severe Covid-19, with respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min, oxygen saturation ≤ 93% with ambient air, or partial arterial oxygen pressure to fraction of inspiration O2 ratio (PaO2/FiO2) >100mmHg and ≤ 300 mmHg, and diffuse pneumonia confirmed by chest radiological imaging. This trial was conducted from Feb 15 to April 5, 2020, and followed up for 28 days. Relative to comparable control patients with severe Covid-19 admitted in the same centers, bevacizumab showed clinical efficacy by improving oxygenation and shortening oxygen-support duration. Among 26 hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 (median age, 62 years, 20 [77%] males), bevacizumab plus standard care markedly improved the PaO2/FiO2 ratios at days 1 and 7 (elevated values, day 1, 50.5 [4.0,119.0], p<0.001; day 7, 111.0 [85.0,165.0], p<0.001). By day 28, 24 (92%) patients showed improvement in oxygen-support status, 17 (65%) patients were discharged, and none showed worsen oxygen-support status nor died. Significant reduction of lesion areas and ratios were shown in chest CT or X-ray analysis within 7 days. Of 14 patients with fever, body temperature normalized within 72 hours in 13 (93%) patients. Lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were significantly increased and CRP levels were markedly decreased as shown in available data. Our findings suggested bevacizumab plus standard care was highly beneficial for treating patients with severe Covid-19. Clinical efficacy of bevacizumab warrants double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials.TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04275414, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04275414.
Magnetic bead-based ELISA allow inexpensive, rapid and quantitative detection of human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Huergo Luciano Fernandes , Conzentino Marcelo Santos , Marques Gerhardt Edileusa Cristina , Schenberger Santos Adrian Richard , Pedrosa Fabio Oliveira , Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Nogueira Meri Bordignon , Forchhammer Karl , Moraes Rego Fabiane Gomes , Raboni Sônia Mara , Reis Rodrigo Arantes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere we describe a novel immunogenic method to detect COVID-19. The method is a chromogenic magnetic bead-based ELISA which allows inexpensive and quantitative detection of human IgG or IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum or whole blood samples in just 12 minutes. As a proof of concept, we compared the performance of our new method to classical ELISA. Person correlation between optical densities obtained using the two methods was 0.98, the color intensity observed in the novel method correlated with antibody titers determined by classical ELISA. The novel magnetic bead-based ELISA correctly classified all 6 positive COVID-19 samples tested and showed 100% specificity as judged by the analysis of a cohort of 26 negative samples. The magnetic bead-based ELISA performed better than classic ELISA to discriminate COVID-19 positive serum with low antibody titer. The chromogenic magnetic bead-based ELISA method described here can be applied to both point of care and high throughput analysis. The method is readily adaptable to be used with other protein and peptide-based antigens.
Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chitneni Ahish , Dalal Suhani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTranexamic acid is a medication typically used to prevent excessive blood loss in the setting of trauma, surgery, and menstrual cycles. Administration of tranexamic acid within the first three hours of trauma has been shown to reduce blood loss and mortality in patients. [1] Tranexamic acid is also commonly used during heavy menstrual bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage cases in which administration has been shown to reduce bleeding in patients. [2] Although there have been studies conducted on the effects of tranexamic acid on blood loss during various surgeries, this systematic review aims to understand the effects specifically on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a common procedure known to have significant blood loss. A systematic review using the PubMed database on the use of tranexamic acid in blood loss for patients undergoing CABG was conducted with the hypothesis that tranexamic acid administration reduces perioperative and postoperative blood loss. This systematic review includes 8 papers from the years 1997-2018 which report on a total of 712 patients. Although significant large, randomized, control studies on the topic are still pending, this systematic review of studies conducted thus far can conclude that tranexamic acid has a positive effect on reducing blood loss in patients undergoing CABG.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among health care workers in a secondary teaching hospital in Spain
Authors: Fernandez Javier Garralda , Vilches Ignacio Molero , Rodríguez Alfredo Bermejo , Torres Isabel Cano , Colino Romay Elda I. , García Arata Isabel , Aroca Jerónimo Jaqueti , Lillo Rosa , Lacomba Daniel Lopez , Mazón Luis , Esteban Laura Molina , Morales García Luis J , Monzo Laura Moratilla , Nieto-Borrajo Elva , Delgado Maria Pacheco , Menchero Santiago Prieto , Hernández Cristina Sánchez , Testillano Eva Sánchez , García-Martínez Jesús 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed a huge challenge to healthcare systems and their personnel worldwide. The study of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers, through prevalence studies, will let us know viral expansion, individuals at most risk and the most exposed areas. The aim of this study is to gauge the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in our hospital workforce and identify groups and areas at increased risk.Methods and FindingsThis is a cross-sectional and longitudinal study carried out on healthcare workers based on molecular and serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 3013 HCW invited to participate, finally 2439 (80.9%) were recruited, including 674 (22.4%) who had previously consulted at the OHS for confirmed exposure and/or presenting symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. A total of 411 (16.9%) and 264 (10.8%) healthcare workers were SARS-CoV-2 IgG and rRT-PCR positive, respectively. The cumulative prevalence considering all studies (IgG positive HCW and/or rRT-PCR positive detection) has been 485 (19.9%). SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive patients in whom the virus was not detected were 221 (9.1%); up to 151 of them (68.3%) did not report any compatible symptoms nor consult at the OHS for this reason. Men became more infected than women (25% vs 18.5%, p=0.0009), including when data were also classified by age. COVID-19 cumulative prevalence among the HCW assigned to medical departments was higher (25.2%) than others, as well as among medical staff (25.4%) compared with other professional categories (p<0.01).ConclusionsGlobal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCW of our centre has been 19.9%. Doctors and medical services personnel have had the highest prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but many of them have not presented compatible symptoms. This emphasizes the performance of continuous surveillance methods of the most exposed health personnel and not only based on the appearance of symptoms.
Predicting PPE use, post-traumatic stress, and physical symptoms during the early weeks of COVID-19 lockdowns in the USA
Authors: O’Brien William H. , Wang Shan , Varga Aniko Viktoria , Xu Huanzhen , Sims Tracy E. , Horan Kristin A. , Lim Chung Xiann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic combined with inconsistent governmental and public health recommendations, media communications emphasizing threat, and widespread lockdowns created a complex psychological environment for Americans. In this study, 450 MTurk workers completed measures of (a) risk for COVID-19, (b) perceived vulnerability to disease, (c) intolerance of uncertainty, (d) mindfulness, (e) COVID-19 preventive health behaviors, (f) post-Trauma symptoms, and (g) stress related physical symptoms. The surveys were completed between April 9, 2020 and April 18, 2020 which is a period that corresponded to the first 2-3 weeks of lockdown for most participants.A substantial number of participants reported a reduction employment status and 69% were in self-isolation. The participants reported a high degree of perceived vulnerability with 68% indicating they felt there was a 50/50 chance or greater they would contract COVID-19. Mask wearing was variable: 16% “not at all,” 20% “some of the time,” 42% “a good part of the time,” and 26% “most of the time.” Using clinical cutoff on the post-trauma scale, 70% of the sample would be considered to have symptoms consistent with PTSD. The mean level of physical symptoms was significantly (p < .001) and substantially higher (d = 1.46) than norms.PPE use was positively associated with level of education and mindfulness nonreactivity and negatively associated with age, having a current medical condition, and mindfulness nonjudgment. Post trauma and physical health symptoms were strongly predicted by susceptibility variables and intolerance of uncertainty.HighlightsCOVID-19 created a complex psychological environment for Americans due to threat exposure combined with contradictory communications from government and media.In a survey of 450 Americans, 68% reported that there was a 50/50 chance of greater they would contract COVID-19 and 70% of participants reported symptoms that met criteria for PTSD.Mask wearing was variable with only 26% reporting use “most of the time.”Participants who reported: older age, having one or mode medical conditions, less educational attainment, and less judgmental attitudes about their own thinking reported lower PPE use.Intolerance of uncertainty and perceived susceptibility were associated with higher PTSD symptoms.Mindfulness awareness and being judgmental attitudes about thinking were associated with lower PTSD symptoms.
Computer-aided medical microbiology monitoring tool: a strategy to adapt to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and that highlights RT-PCR consistency
Authors: Mueller Linda , Scherz Valentin , Greub Gilbert , Jaton Katia , Opota Onya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, important health and regulatory decisions relied on SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Our diagnostic laboratory faced a rapid increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, with up to 1,007 tests per day. To maintain a rapid turnaround time to support patient management and public health authorities’ decisions, we moved from a case-by-case validation of RT-PCR to an automated validation and immediate transmission of the results to clinicians. To maintain high quality and to track possible aberrant results, we developed a quality-monitoring tool based on a homemade algorithm coded in R.We present the results of this quality-monitoring tool applied to 35,137 RT-PCR results corresponding to 30,198 patients. Patients tested several times led to 4,939 pairwise comparisons; 88% concordant and 12% discrepant. Among the 573 discrepancies, 428 were automatically solved by the algorithm. The most likely explanation for these 573 discrepancies was related for 44.9% of the situations to “Clinical evolution”, 27.9% to “Preanalytical” problems, and 25.3% to “Stochastic”. Finally, 11 discrepant results could not be explained, including 8 received from external partners for which clinical data were not available.The implemented quality-monitoring strategy allowed to: i) assist the investigation of discrepant results ii) focus the attention of medical microbiologists onto results requiring a specific expertise and iii) maintain an acceptable TAT. This work highlighted the high RT-PCR consistency for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of automated processes to handle a huge number of samples while preserving quality.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses determine disease severity in COVID-19 infected individuals
Authors: Hansen Cecilie Bo , Jarlhelt Ida , Pérez-Alós Laura , Hummelshøj Landsy Lone , Loftager Mette , Rosbjerg Anne , Helgstrand Charlotte , Bjelke Jais Rose , Egebjerg Thomas , Jardine Joseph G. , Sværke Jørgensen Charlotte , Iversen Kasper , Bayarri-Olmos Rafael , Garred Peter , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had extreme consequences for the healthcare system and calls for diagnostic tools to monitor and understand the transmission, pathogenesis and epidemiology, as well as to evaluate future vaccination strategies. Here we have developed novel flexible ELISA-based assays for specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD): An antigen sandwich-ELISA relevant for large population screening and three isotype-specific assays for in-depth diagnostics. Their performance was evaluated in a cohort of 350 convalescent participants with previous COVID-19 infection, ranging from asymptomatic to critical cases. We mapped the antibody responses to different areas on protein N and S and showed that the IgM, A and G antibody responses against RBD are significantly correlated to the disease severity. These assays—and the data generated from them—are highly relevant for diagnostics and prognostics and contribute to the understanding of long-term COVID-19 immunity.
The Pandemics in Artificial Society Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19
Authors: Situngkir Hokky , Lumbantobing Andhika Bernad 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTVarious social policies and strategies have been deliberated and used within many countries to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of those basic ideas are strongly related to the understanding of human social interactions and the nature of disease transmission and spread. In this paper, we present an agent-based approach to model epidemiological phenomena as well as the interventions upon it. We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. Capturing policies and strategies during the pandemic, four types of intervention are also applied in society. Emerged macro-properties of epidemics are delivered from sets of simulations, lead to comparisons between each policy/strategy,s effectivity.
Mental Health of Medical Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bachilo E.V. , Barylnik J.B. , Shuldyakov A.A. , Efremov A.A. , Novikov D.E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis is the first study in Russia regarding the mental health of medical workers during a pandemic. In this survey, the study of medical workers during pandemic COVID-19 in Russia reported high rates of symptoms of depression and anxiety. There is a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression among young employees working directly in high-risk areas of the infection. Protecting medical workers is an important component of public health measures for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Special measures to improve the mental health of medical workers should be based on their needs. Special attention needs to be paid to young medical workers working in areas with a high risk of infection.Highlightsmedical workers are at high risk of developing mental disorders during a pandemic COVID-19;the overall prevalence of GAD (5 or more points on the GTD-7 scale) and depressive symptoms (5 or more points on the PHQ-9 scale) among medical workers in Russia during the pandemic period was 48.77% and 57.63% respectively;there is a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression among young employees working directly in high-risk areas of the infection;the provision of personal protective equipment (69.2%), the optimization of the work and rest regime during the shift (58%), the support of management (52.7%) and relatives (51.1%) are the main areas that reduce the psycho-emotional stress of medical workers during a pandemic.