bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gut Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Association with Metabolic Traits
Authors: Lüll Kreete , Arffman Riikka K , Sola-Leyva Alberto , Molina Nerea M , Aasmets Oliver , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Plaza-Díaz Julio , Franks Stephen , Morin-Papunen Laure , Tapanainen Juha S , Salumets Andres , Altmäe Signe , Piltonen Terhi T , Org Elin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextDespite the gut microbiome being widely studied in metabolic diseases, its role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been scarcely investigated.ObjectiveCompare the gut microbiome in late fertile age women with and without PCOS and investigate whether changes in the gut microbiome correlate with PCOS-related metabolic parameters.DesignProspective, case–control study using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsA total of 102 PCOS women and 201 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-PCOS control women. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the participants were assessed at ages 31 and 46 and analyzed in the context of gut microbiome data at the age of 46.Intervention(s): NoneMain outcome measure(s)Bacterial diversity, relative abundance, and correlations with PCOS-related metabolic measures.ResultsBacterial diversity indices did not differ significantly between PCOS and controls (Shannon diversity P = .979, unweighted UniFrac P = .175). Four genera whose balance helps to differentiate between PCOS and non-PCOS were identified. In the whole cohort, the abundance of 2 genera from Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, and Clostridiales Family XIII AD3011 group, were correlated with several PCOS-related markers. Prediabetic PCOS women had significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon diversity P = .018) and markedly increased abundance of genus Dorea (false discovery rate = 0.03) compared with women with normal glucose tolerance.ConclusionPCOS and non-PCOS women at late fertile age with similar BMI do not significantly differ in their gut microbial profiles. However, there are significant microbial changes in PCOS individuals depending on their metabolic health.
Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence
Authors: Mishra Navya , Salvi Sundeep , Lyngdoh Tanica , Agrawal Anurag 
Published: November 2020

Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.
A global analysis of low-complexity regions in the Trypanosoma brucei proteome reveals enrichment in the C-terminus of nucleic acid binding proteins providing potential targets of phosphorylation
Authors: Cayla Mathieu , Matthews Keith R. , Ivens Alasdair C. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Low-complexity regions (LCRs) on proteins have attracted increasing attention recently due to their role in the assembly of membraneless organelles or granules by liquid-liquid phase separation. Several examples of such granules have been shown to sequester RNA and proteins in an inactive state, providing an important mechanism for dynamic post-transcriptional gene regulation. In trypanosome parasites, post-transcriptional control overwhelmingly dominates gene regulation due to the organisation of their genome into polycistronic transcription units. The purpose of the current study was to generate a substantially more comprehensive genome-wide survey of LCRs on trypanosome proteins than currently available . Methods: Using the Shannon’s entropy method, provided in the R package ‘entropy’, we identified LCRs in the proteome of Trypanosoma brucei. Our analysis predicts LCRs and their positional enrichment in distinct protein cohorts and superimposes on this a range of post-translational modifications derived from available experimental datasets. Results: We have identified 8162 LCRs present on 4914 proteins, representing 42% of the proteome, placing Trypanosoma brucei among the eukaryotes with the highest percentage of LCRs. Our results highlight the enrichment of LCRs in the C-terminal region of predicted nucleic acid binding proteins, these acting as favoured sites for potential phosphorylation. Phosphorylation represents 51% of the post-translational modifications present on LCRs compared to 16% on the rest of the proteome. Conclusions: The post-translational modifications of LCRs, and in particular phosphorylation events, could contribute to post-transcriptional gene expression control and the dynamics of protein targeting to membraneless organelles in kinetoplastid parasites.
Modulation format identification in fiber communications using single dynamical node-based photonic reservoir computing
Authors: Cai Qiang , Guo Ya , Li Pu , Bogris Adonis , Shore K. Alan , Zhang Yamei , Wang Yuncai 
Published: November 2020

We present a simple approach based on photonic reservoir computing (P-RC) for modulation format identification (MFI) in optical fiber communications. Here an optically injected semiconductor laser with self-delay feedback is trained with the representative features from the asynchronous amplitude histograms of modulation signals. Numerical simulations are conducted for three widely used modulation formats (on–off keying, differential phase-shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulation) for various transmission situations where the optical signal-to-noise ratio varies from 12 to 26 dB, the chromatic dispersion varies from

−
500

to 500 ps/nm, and the differential group delay varies from 0 to 20 ps. Under these situations, final simulation results demonstrate that this technique can efficiently identify all those modulation formats with an accuracy of

>
95
%

after optimizing the control parameters of the P-RC layer such as the injection strength, feedback strength, bias current, and frequency detuning. The proposed technique utilizes very simple devices and thus offers a resource-efficient alternative approach to MFI.
Non-invasive fibrosis algorithms are clinically useful for excluding cirrhosis in prisoners living with hepatitis C
Authors: Papaluca Timothy , Craigie Anne , McDonald Lucy , Edwards Amy , MacIsaac Michael , Holmes Jacinta A. , Jarman Matthew , Lee Tanya , Huang Hannah , Chan Andrew , Lai Mark , Sundararajan Vijaya , Doyle Joseph S. , Hellard Margaret , Stoove Mark , Howell Jessica , Desmond Paul , Iser David , Thompson Alexander J. 
Published: November 2020

Background and aims
Prison-based HCV treatment rates remain low due to multiple barriers, including accessing transient elastography for cirrhosis determination. The AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4 scores have excellent negative predictive value (NPV) in hospital cohorts to exclude cirrhosis. We investigated their performance in a large cohort of prisoners with HCV infection.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of participants assessed by a prison-based hepatitis program. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV and positive predictive value (PPV) of APRI and FIB-4 for cirrhosis were then analysed, with transient elastography as the reference standard. The utility of age thresholds as a trigger for transient elastography was also explored.

Results
Data from 1007 prisoners were included. The median age was 41, 89% were male, and 12% had cirrhosis. An APRI cut-off of 1.0 and FIB-4 cut-off of 1.45 had NPVs for cirrhosis of 96.1% and 96.6%, respectively, and if used to triage prisoners for transient elastography, could reduce the need for this investigation by 71%. The PPVs of APRI and FIB-4 for cirrhosis at these cut-offs were low. Age ≤35 years alone had a NPV for cirrhosis of 96.5%. In those >35 years, the APRI cut-off of 1.0 alone had a high NPV >95%.

Conclusion
APRI and FIB-4 scores can reliably exclude cirrhosis in prisoners and reduce requirement for transient elastography. This finding will simplify the cascade of care for prisoners living with hepatitis C.
La “ventaja del síndrome de Down” en la calidad de vida de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Berástegui Ana , Corral Sara 
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el fenómeno descrito en la literatura como la “ventaja del síndrome de Down” en la calidad de vida familiar e individual de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual (DI). La muestra la formaron 84 jóvenes con DI (Edad media 21,41 años; DT = 2,87), de los que 20 tenían síndrome de Down (SD) (23,81 %). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar (CVF) y la Escala INICO-FEAPS, en su versión informada por otros (CVI-H) y autoinforme (CVI-A). Los resultados reflejan mayores puntuaciones en CVF y CVI-H en las familias de los jóvenes con SD y menores en CVI-A que en los jóvenes sin SD. Ni la edad de los padres ni el nivel de ingresos se relacionaron con estas variables. Que las diferencias en calidad de vida familiar e individual se den cuando informan los progenitores, pero se inviertan en la versión autoinformada, sugiere una explicación del fenómeno no causal sino relacionada con las expectativas familiares y su acceso a recursos y apoyos, y nos impulsa a dar importancia a la visión de la persona en la evaluación de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes con DI.
The types of suicide process among psychoactive substance users
Authors: Rimkevičienė Jurgita , Gailienė Danutė 
Published: November 2020

Research regarding the role of psychoactive substance use in the process of suicide is lacking in current sui­cidology. In addition to this, evidence shows that im­pulsive suicide attempts are common among substance users. However there is no clear understanding of the impulsive suicide process. That makes it difficult to combine results of different studies and create clear guidelines for impulsive suicide risk evaluation. The purpose of this research is to depict the impulsive and non-impulsive process of suicide among psychoactive substance users. The participants of the study were 15 psycho­active substance (10 – alcohol, 5 – drug) users, who had attempted suicide during the last year. 8 of them attempted once, 4 – two or three times, other 3 – more than 5 times. All participants – 4 women and 11 men were patients from Vilnius Centre for Addictive Disorders and Vilnius Mental Health Centre. Quali­tative interviews based on Suicide Intent Scale were conducted about the suicide attempt or attempts. A thematic analysis of the interviews was used to depict the process of suicide. This study led to distinguishing 3 different types of attempted suicide – planned, unplanned and suicide attempts during a “blackout” – which are typical for psychoactive substance users. Both unplanned suicide attempts and suicide attempts during a “blackout” can be called impulsive, though the latter diverged by their hastiness, aggressiveness, inability to control one’s behaviour, intensive feeling of anger, serious danger caused to health and wellbeing, as well as a follo­wing amnesia of a major part of the suicide attempt. Intensive emotions, especially anger and stressors in interpersonal relationships, had a major impact for the respondents in the process of suicide. According to the participants of the survey, substance use had intensified their suicidal crisis having a clear effect on their emotional, relationship and other difficulties. In addition, alcohol and drug use was considered as one of the suicide methods. Despite several restrictions of the research, the study results provide some valuable insight in the suicide risk evaluation among psycho­active substance users.
Nyitott hasi aortaaneurysma-műtétek patkóvese fennállása esetén
Authors: Bálint Sándor , Mihály Zsuzsanna , Oláh Zoltán , Sótonyi Péter 
Published: November 2020

Összefoglaló. A patkóvese a vese leggyakrabban előforduló fejlődési
rendellenességeinek egyike. Hasi aortaaneurysmával való együttes előfordulása
kifejezetten ritka (a hasi aortaaneurysmás esetek 0,12%-a). Az első esetben egy
64 éves férfi akut alsó végtagi panaszokkal került felvételre. A CT-angiográfia
patkóvesét és thrombotizált infrarenalis aortaaneurysmát igazolt. Az akut műtét
során a hasi aortaaneurysma resectióját és aortobifemoralis bypassműtétet
végeztünk a patkóvese ishmusának megtartásával. A második esetben hasi
panaszokat okozó, mindkét arteria iliaca communisra ráterjedő infrarenalis
aortaaneurysma esetén végeztünk aortobiiliacalis rekonstrukciót. Az aneurysma
előtt elhelyezkedő isthmus tervezetten szétválasztásra került, a poláris
veseartériát visszaültettük. A tünetes hasi aortaaneurysma abszolút műtéti
indikációt képez. A preoperatív CT- vagy MR-angiográfia kulcsfontosságú mind a
műtéti indikáció felállítása, mind pedig a műtét megtervezése szempontjából. A
beavatkozás előtt pontos képet kell kapnia az érsebésznek az aorta anatómiája
mellett a patkóvese vérellátásáról és a húgyúti rendszerről. Az érsebészeti
rekonstrukció esetén a transperitonealis feltárás – főleg akut műtét esetén –
több előnnyel rendelkezik, mint a retroperitonealis feltárás. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(46): 1966–1971.
Summary. Horseshoe kidney is one of the most common congenital
disorders of the kidney. The simultaneous incidence of horseshoe kidney and
abdominal aneurysm is very low (0.12% of all cases of abdominal aortic
aneurysm). In the first case, a 64-year-old male patient was admitted with acute
lower limb ischaemia. CT-angiography revealed an occluded aortic aneurysm.
During the emergency operation, the abdominal aneurysm was resected and an
aortobifemoral bypass procedure was performed sparing the kidney’s isthmus. In
the second case, the abdominal complaints were caused by an infrarenal abdominal
aneurysm that involved both common iliac arteries. Aortobiiliac reconstruction
was performed with planned separation of the kidney isthmus and reimplantation
of the accessory renal artery. Symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm is an
urgent indication for reconstruction. The preoperative CT- or MR-angiography
play a key role in the indication and planning of the reconstruction. It is
highly important for the vascular surgeon to have a clear picture of the blood
supply of the horseshoe kidney and the urinary tract along with the anatomy of
the aorta before the operation. The transperitoneal approach has several
advantages over the retroperitoneal approach during vascular reconstruction
surgery. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(46): 1966–1971.
Role of ratio-based metrics in cardiology
Authors: Konradi A. O. , Maslyansky A. L. , Kolesova E. P. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Kerkhof P. L.M. 
Published: November 2020

In cardiovascular studies, two related parameters that determine the same physical variable are often recorded. Interpretation of the calculated indicators presented in the form of ratios and differences is difficult, since they can be associated with several combinations of primary data giving the same value.Aim.To find a way to overcome this limitation and take a more comprehensive approach.Material and methods.We analyzed the data on left ventricular volume and blood pressure (BP) in 275 patients (women — 207), obtained using echocardiography and BP monitor. To calculate a lost companion (c) value based on a difference or dimensionless ratio, we applied the Pythagorean theorem. The lost companion isdefined as the hypotenuse in each study area. To calculate the pulse pressure companion (PP), the following formula was used: PP(c)=Ö(SBP2+SBP2). Similar methods were applied to ejection fraction (EF), augmentation pressure (AG) and AG/PP ratio, resulting in the ratio called augmentation index (AIx).Results.1. Mean blood pressure (MBP) acts as a surrogate for the PP companion (PPc) values (R=0,970, N=257). 2. We have identified correlations between PPc and pulse wave velocity (R=0,397, N=193), and AGc with AIx (75) (R=0,662, N=198). 3. EF has an inverse relationship with the end diastolic volume (EDV) (R=-0,559, N=187), and the ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) correlates with ESV (r=-0,627, N=180). 4. Comparison of EDV and VACc revealed R of 0,949.Conclusion.Companions calculated from the available data can have significant additional diagnostic value without the need for additional measurements. It is important to note that the combination of traditional ratio-based and suggested companions allows for more accurate data on individual patients.
O TUTORIAL (MENTORING) NA FORMAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula Rebelo Aquino , Vasconcelos Maria Viviane Lisboa de , Rodarte Renato Santos 
Published: November 2020

Este estudo propôs demonstrar o tutorial (mentoring) como metodologia de aprendizagem para a formação em Enfermagem. Realizou-se um Estudo de Caso com abordagem metodológica quantitativa e qualitativa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os estudantes do segundo e quinto ano de um curso em enfermagem. A construção dos dados se deu por meio de um questionário estruturado e descrição de uma situação-problema. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis e os dados construídos por meio da resposta à situação problema foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram a contribuição positiva do tutorial na formação do enfermeiro possibilitando o desenvolvimento de um pensamento crítico e mais autonomia ao tratar da realidade.
Parameters for evaluating the main indicators of coloproctological care in the adult population in the subjects of the far Eastern Federal District in 2016–2018
Authors: Veselov A. V. , Omelyanosvkiy V. V. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Vitko A. V. , Kashnikov V. N. , Tashkinov N. V. , Shkurko T. V. , Moskalev A. I. , Serbina A. A. 
Published: November 2020

Aim.To work out the unified model for description of coloproctological service at the level of federal district.Material and methods.The study is the summary analysis of data from the annual statistical observation “The Report of the Chief Coloproctologist of the Russian Federal District” in 2016–2018. The analysis included the following stages: the estimation of staff situation; the assessment of the main parameters of out- and inpatient coloproctological care in 2018 in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) and in its federal subjects.Results.Staff number of doctors in federal subjects of the FEFD did not change significantly in 2016-2018, it was 0.7 per 100 thousand population. An extremely low availability of outpatient consultation of coloproctologist in all federal subjects of FEFD was found (550.2 per 100 thousand population vs 3000 per 100 thousand population in Russian Federation). The incidence of colonoscopy is the lowest among all Federal Districts of Russia as well – 5.5%. A mean number of endoscopists is above 7.0 per 100 thousand population, which can be considered as the minimal threshold parameter. The total average staffing of endoscopists in the far Eastern Federal district was 86.0% in 2016, 87.3% – in 2017, 85.8% – in 2018. The staffing situation improved in Khabarovsk Territory and in Sakhalin Region while other federal subjects showed negative trend.Conclusion.The analyzed parameters can be considered as an objective tool for the assessment of coloproctological care efficacy. In the FEFD it needs further development.
Economic burden of systemic sclerosis: systematic review
Authors: Klabukova D. L. , Krysanova V. S. , Ermolaeva T. N. , Davydovskaya M. V. , Kokushkin K. A. 
Published: November 2020

Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe orphan disease, one of the systemic pathologies of connective tissue. This disease has a significant negative impact on the patient’s quality of life and has a high mortality rate. Treatment of its various complications imposes a great financial burden on the healthcare system. The difficulties of daily functioning and social adaptation and the overall burden of SSc for patients, as well as their caregivers, also contribute to the economic component of the disease.Aim. To assess the social and economic burden of SSc.Materials and methods. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using predefined PICO(S) criteria. The search was carried out in December 2019 using the MeSH terms in the Embase, MEDLINE / PubMed, Cochrane library databases. The publication date range was 10 years. To identify Russian-language studies, an additional search was conducted in eLIBRARY.ru and the Internet network. The evidence levels of the included studies were determined.Results. A total of 934 studies were identified from all databases; 53 publications were selected for eligibility; 9 of which were included in the final review. There were no studies identified to assess the burden of SSc in Russia, so the evaluations were based on foreign studies. The estimates of the annual direct costs per patient with SSc for the past decade were almost similar in different countries: 5 038 Canadian dollars in Canada, 11 607 Australian dollars in Australia, 17 365-22 016 US dollars in the USA, and 1 413-17 300 Euros in Europe (an average of about 8 000 euros). The cost structure was dominated by direct medical costs for hospitalization and drug therapy and indirect costs were mostly associated with the loss of productivity and early retirement. The costs associated with the diffuse cutaneous form of SSc were statistically higher if compared to the costs for the limited form of the disease. Among the clinical manifestations of the disease, lung lesions and gastrointestinal problems made the largest contribution to the economic burden.Conclusion. SSc is associated with significant healthcare resource use compared to the general population. The economic burden of SS has grown significantly in recent years, and this trend is global. At the same time, it is difficult to evaluate the disease costs in Russia due to a lack of information on the patient population.