bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphogen signaling by Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and microenvironmental alteration in the bone marrow of agricultural pesticide exposure‐induced experimental aplastic anemia
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sukalpa , Law Sujata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe etiologic link between pesticide toxicity and aplastic anemia in agricultural and agro‐industrial setting has been frequently reported in epidemiological studies conducted worldwide. Chronic pesticide toxicity causes long‐term bone marrow injury and perturbs the normal hematopoietic physiology, including survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow's blood cell forming ability. The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of pesticide toxicity‐mediated bone marrow aplasia by studying Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway and microenvironmental stromal components. An agricultural pesticide formulation comprising of cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and hexaconazole was used to induce bone marrow aplasia in inbred Swiss albino mice. Marrow failure followed by the onset of aplastic condition was confirmed by pancytopenic peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow filled with adipocytes. Significant downregulation of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was identified by expression analysis of Wnt3a, β‐catenin, and telomerase reverse transcriptase in the aplastic bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment. Along with signaling deregulation, disruption in both the osteoblastic and vascular stromal components was observed in the pesticide‐exposed bone marrow microenvironment when compared to control. In this study, we tried to establish the correlation among disease pathophysiology, signaling deregulation in the hematopoietic cells, and bone marrow microenvironmental alteration during environmental exposure‐mediated aplastic hematopoietic catastrophe, which may shed light on the unexplored mechanistic perspective of this fatal blood disease.
Psychological pain and previous suicide attempts in young adults: Results with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale
Authors: Campos Rui C. , Holden Ronald R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we tested whether the unbearable pain scale of the Psychache Scale provides value for the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt; we evaluated whether psychological pain has incremental value in the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt relative to the reporting of having had a psychiatric diagnosis, and we established a cut‐score for the Psychache Scale.MethodTwo samples participated: a sample consisting of 1,460 young adults and a sample of 628 Portuguese community adults.Results and ConclusionsResults demonstrated that unbearable pain is not a stronger predictor of a previous suicide attempt than is the bearable pain score of the Psychache Scale; that the total score of the Psychache scale provides an additional statistically significant contribution to the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt relative to the reporting of having had a psychiatric diagnosis.
Electrophilic amination reactions with 1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxylates: Synthesis of amino acid frameworks and 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles
Authors: Mizota Isao , Mori Mayuko , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReaction of 1‐sulfonylindazole‐3‐carboxylates with various Grignard reagents effects the N‐N bond cleavage of the hydrazone moiety with the first nucleophile and the subsequent N‐alkylation gives N,N‐dialkylation products in good yields. A new strategy for the synthesis of α‐(2‐arylsulfonamide)phenylglycine, a precursor to tissue factor/factor VIIa inhibitors is also described. Moreover, the synthesis of quaternary 3‐aminooxindoles is developed, utilizing this N,N‐dialkylation reaction, followed by intramolecular cyclization/nucleophilic addition reaction.
Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway
Authors: Gibory Moustafa , Dembinski Jennifer L. , Flem Elmira , Haltbakk Ildri , Dudman Susanne G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness in both adults and children worldwide and is caused by several microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus (RV), which is the main cause of AGE, can occur as a mixed infection with other viruses. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested RT‐PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.
The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID‐19 with positive RT‐PCR test after discharge
Authors: Cao Hong , Ruan Lei , Liu Jian , Liao Wenhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCorona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) result of SARS‐CoV‐2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID‐19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID‐19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT‐PCR result of SARS‐CoV‐2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT‐PCR of SARS‐CoV‐2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID‐19.
A retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics and establishment of an early warning system of severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Pengfei , Song Yuyan , Zhang An , Yuan Guodan , Cui Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper estimates the magnitude of an informational friction limiting credit reallocation to firms during the 2007‐2009 financial crisis. Because lenders rely on private information when deciding which relationship to end, borrowers looking for a new lender are adversely selected. I show how to identify private information separately from information common to all lenders but unobservable to the econometrician by using bank shocks within a discrete choice model of relationships. Quantitatively, these informational frictions seem too small to explain the credit crunch in the U.S. syndicated corporate loan market.
Improved quality of colon cancer surveillance after implementation of a personalized surveillance schedule
Authors: Rueff Jessica , Weixler Benjamin , Viehl Carsten T. , Ochsner Alex , Warschkow Rene , Gueller Ulrich , Mingrone Walter , Zuber Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of recurrence through surveillance after curative surgery for primary colon cancer is recommended. We previously reported inadequate quality of surveillance among patients operated for colon cancer. These poor results led to the introduction of a personalized surveillance schedule. This study reassesses the quality of surveillance after the introduction of the personalized schedule.Patients and MethodsA total of 93 patients undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer between January 2009 and December 2014 (prospective data registration) were included in this retrospective single‐center cohort study. Written informed consent was given by all patients. Compliance with surveillance was compared with national guidelines, as well as with the previous results and analyzed depending on where surveillance was conducted (general practitioner or outpatient clinic).ResultsAdherence to surveillance was higher when performed by oncologists compared to general practitioners with an odds ratio (OR), 6.03 (95%CI: 3.41‐10.67, P = .001). Compared with the previous study, adherence to surveillance was significantly higher in the later cohort with an OR = 4.55 (95%CI: 2.50‐8.33, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the implementation of a personalized surveillance schedule improves adherence to recommendations and that awareness can be increased with this simple measure.
A Tunable Semiconductor‐Based Transmissive Metasurface: Dynamic Phase Control with High Transmission Level
Authors: Forouzmand Ali , Mosallaei Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, a tunable semiconductor‐based metasurface, based on electro‐optical modulation of an array of geometrically‐fixed silicon (Si) nanobars, sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is proposed. A flat‐top transmission spectrum with a steep phase profile, which turns out to be essential to realize a highly‐efficient spatial light modulator in transmission mode, is formed by excitation of two spectrally close Fabry‐Pérot‐type and guided‐mode resonances. The refractive‐index of Si nanobars is electrically modulated by the injection of electrons and holes using a P–I–N junction configuration, considered along each nanobar. It is theoretically demonstrated that wide phase agility of 215° and transmission amplitude higher than 0.6 (with an average of ≈0.83) can be accomplished at the operating wavelength of ≈1.55 µm. This wide‐range tunability is realized by introducing free electron and hole carrier densities of ∆N = ∆P = 5 × 1018 cm−3 accompanied with Si refractive‐index‐change of ∆nSi = 0.01. The transmission phase of each unit cell can be separately controlled, which in turn allows to design a tunable meta‐array with real‐time beam control. As a proof of concept, a dynamic focusing metalens with an adjustable focal length is designed and numerically investigated.
Successful Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders in Asians With a Novel 730‐nm Picosecond Laser
Authors: Lee Sang Ju , Han Hye Sung , Hong Jun Ki , Park Kui Young , Seo Seong Jun 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectiveUntil recently, quality‐switched nanosecond lasers have been the workhorse lasers in treating pigmented lesions. However, the recently commercialized picosecond lasers have provided physicians with a novel method to manage pigmented lesions. Most recently, the first picosecond laser with a 730‐nm wavelength was developed to specifically target melanin and melanocytes.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe report on two Asian patients with freckles, lentigines, and melasma who were successfully treated with a novel 730‐nm Ti:Sapphire picosecond laser (Picoway®; Syneron Candela, Corp). The clinical outcome was measured by the global percent of clearance, which was evaluated by blinded observers by comparing the post‐treatment photographs with the baseline photographs.ResultsIn both patients, a significant pigmentary reduction was achieved with only one treatment session. In both patients, the treatments were well tolerated with minimal discomfort even without topical anesthesia. No post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation or repigmentation was observed until the 6‐week follow‐up. The pigmentary conditions treated included freckles, lentigines, and melasma. Both subjects showed clinical improvement, with the best results observed for the treatment of freckles such that 95% of the lesions achieved excellent response (75–94% lightening).ConclusionThe results of this case report indicate that a novel 730‐nm Ti:Sapphire picosecond laser may be effective and safe in treating pigmentary disorders in darker‐skinned patients. Therefore, further well‐designed, prospective clinical trials are warranted to establish the potential of 730‐nm picosecond lasers and determine the optimal treatment parameters in comparison to existing laser and light modalities. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Loss‐of‐function mutation in TSGA10 causes acephalic spermatozoa phenotype in human
Authors: Ye Yuanyuan , Wei Xiaoli , Sha Yanwei , Li Na , Yan Xiaohong , Cheng Ling , Qiao Duanrui , Zhou Weidong , Wu Rongfeng , Liu Qiaobin , Li Youzhu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcephalic spermatozoa is an extremely rare type of teratozoospermia that is associated with male infertility. Several genes have been reported to be relevant to acephalic spermatozoa. Thus, more genetic pathogenesis needs to be explored.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed in a patient with acephalic spermatozoa. Then Sanger sequencing was used for validation in the patient and his family. The patient's spermatozoa sample was observed by papanicolaou staining and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the level and localization of related proteins.ResultsA novel homozygous frameshift insertion mutation c.545dupT;p.Ala183Serfs*10 in exon 8 of TSGA10 (NM_001349012.1) was identified. Our results showed misarranged mitochondrial sheath and abnormal flagellum in the patient's spermatozoa. TSGA10 failed to be detected in the patient's spermatozoa. However, the expression of SUN5 and PMFBP1 remained unaffected.ConclusionThese results suggest that the novel homozygous frameshift insertion mutation of TSGA10 is a cause of acephalic spermatozoa.
Propagation of Rayleigh waves in unsaturated porothermoelastic media
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Zhou Fengxi , Wang Liye , Zhang Ruiling 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBased on the frame of elastic theory for unsaturated porous medium, considering the influence of thermal effect, the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh wave in unsaturated porous media are studied. Firstly, the thermoelastic wave equations for three‐phase porous media are established, in which the mass balance equations, generalized Darcy law, momentum balance equations, and generalized non‐Fourier heat conduction law are taken into account. Secondly, through theoretical derivation, the dispersion equation of Rayleigh wave for unsaturated porothermoelastic media is given by introducing the potential functions. Finally, the variations of the phase velocity of Rayleigh wave are analyzed with numerical examples. The results show that the thermal conductivity has little effect on the phase velocity of Rayleigh wave. The phase velocity of Rayleigh wave increase with increasing of the thermal expansion coefficient and media temperature.
Registration of ‘UI Bronze Jade’ hard white winter wheat
Authors: Chen J. , Wheeler J. , Klassen N. , Zhao W. , O'Brien K. , Jackson C. , Marshall J. M. , Schroeder K. , Chen X. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract‘UI Bronze Jade’ (Reg. no. CV‐1160, PI 691501) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station in 2019. It was developed from the cross ‘UI Silver’(PI 658467)/IDO660 using a modified bulk breeding method and selected in F4:6 yield plots. UI Bronze Jade was tested as the experimental number A0709W‐44 from 2014 to 2017 and as IDO1706 in 2018 and 2019. Compared with the known high‐quality hard white check cultivar UI Silver in Idaho and in the Pacific Northwest, UI Bronze Jade had significantly higher grain yield, shorter plant height, and better resistance to stripe rust. UI Bronze Jade is adapted to irrigated and dryland production environments in southeastern Idaho and in rainfed environments in northern Idaho.
A Highly Sensitive Single Crystal Perovskite–Graphene Hybrid Vertical Photodetector
Authors: Zou Yuting , Zou Tingting , Zhao Chen , Wang Bin , Xing Jun , Yu Zhi , Cheng Jinluo , Xin Wei , Yang Jianjun , Yu Weili , Dong Huanli , Guo Chunlei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganolead trihalide perovskites have attracted significant attention for optoelectronic applications due to their excellent physical properties in the past decade. Generally, both grain boundaries in perovskite films and the device structure play key roles in determining the device performance, especially for horizontal‐structured device. Here, the first optimized vertical‐structured photodetector with the perovskite single crystal MAPbBr3 as the light absorber and graphene as the transport layer is shown. The hybrid device combines strong photoabsorption characteristics of perovskite and high carrier mobility of flexible graphene, exhibits excellent photoresponse performance with high photoresponsivity (≈1017.1 A W−1) and high photodetectivity (≈2.02 × 1013 Jones) in a low light intensity (0.66 mW cm−2) under the actuations of 3 V bias and laser irradiation at 532 nm. In particular, an ultrahigh photoconductive gain of ≈2.37 × 103 is attained because of fast charge transfer in the graphene and large recombination lifetime in the perovskite single crystal. The vertical architecture combining perovskite crystal with highly conductive graphene offers opportunities to fulfill the synergistic effect of perovskite and 2D materials, is thus promising for developing high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Evolution of the conodont Diplognathodus ellesmerensis from D. benderi sp. nov. at the Bashkirian–Moscovian (lower–middle Pennsylvanian) boundary in South China
Authors: Hu Keyi , Hogancamp Nicholas J. , Lambert Lance L. , Qi Yuping , Chen Jitao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConodont assemblages from the Bashkirian–Moscovian boundary interval in the Naqing section, South China have been studied in detail. A landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis of the evolution of Diplognathodus ellesmerensis is presented. This analysis helps demonstrate that a distinct new species, D. benderi sp. nov., is the direct evolutionary ancestor of D. ellesmerensis. The potential of using the first appearance datum (FAD) of D. ellesmerensis as the Bashkirian–Moscovian boundary marker is re‐evaluated via biostratigraphic correlations of conodonts and other fossil groups between different palaeogeographical basins. The FAD of D. ellesmerensis from within the D. benderi sp. nov.–D. ellesmerensis lineage is an excellent potential marker to recognize a global Bashkirian–Moscovian boundary because of its global distribution, the abundance of supplementary marker species at similar stratigraphical levels, and the close stratigraphic proximity of the FAD to the traditional Bashkirian–Moscovian boundary, thus largely preserving the original concept of the base of the Moscovian Stage.
Joints with lockbolts in steel structures – Part 1: Lockbolt technology
Authors: Glienke Ralf , Schwarz Mathias , Ebert Andreas , Blunk Christoph , Wanner Martin‐Christoph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany mechanical joints in steel structures use conventional bolts. Nevertheless, this proven jointing technology has some significant disadvantages. These basically include the high levels of scatter during application of the assembly preload using the torque‐controlled tightening process, the risk of loosening during cyclic loads due to transverse displacement of the components and the low fatigue resistance under axial loading. Lockbolt technology was invented as long ago as the 1930s and mainly used for the aviation and space industry because of its evident advantages. This jointing technology has been constantly further developed in response to the most diverse demands from sectors such as aviation, commercial vehicles, rail vehicles, agricultural machinery, defence technology and steel structures. The application of lockbolt technology, which is primarily used in mechanical engineering, was in most cases based on individual studies, since no consistent rules and guidelines were available for the design and execution of lockbolt connections in steel structures. Within the scope of several public research projects funded by the AiF (German Federation of Industrial Research Associations) and conducted by the iGF (Industrial Collective Research) organization as well as through approval investigations, the Fraunhofer Institute for Large Structures in Production Engineering (IGP) has successively developed the necessary design rules according to the EN 1993 standard (Eurocode 3) for use in structural connections. This paper presents connections with lockbolts in steel structures. Following an introduction to lockbolt technology and the assembly preload of lockbolts, the securing effect and corrosion protection of lockbolts are presented.
Structured Film-Viewing Preferences and Practices: A Quantitative Analysis of Hierarchies in Screen and Content Selection Among Young People in Flanders
Authors: Veenstra Aleit , Meers Philippe , Biltereyst Daniël 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn today’s media cultural environment, audiences seem to have access to virtually any movie at any time, going beyond the traditional restrictions of windowing, programming and broadcast schedules. This chapter goes into the question whether this increased accessibility has resulted in different film-consuming practices and preferences, through a survey of contemporary film audiences and their individual feature film preferences and consumption practices among 1015 youngsters in Flanders aged 16–18. This study comes to the conclusion that structures in film consumption prove to be rather traditional in terms of screen size choices and preferences for local and global media products. In our assessment of these results, we discuss the importance of a political–economic perspective on audiences’ structured practices and preferences.