bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge-Gated CNNs for Volumetric Semantic Segmentation of Medical Images
Authors: Hatamizadeh Ali , Terzopoulos Demetri , Myronenko Andriy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTextures and edges contribute different information to image recognition. Edges and boundaries encode shape information, while textures manifest the appearance of regions. Despite the success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in computer vision and medical image analysis applications, predominantly only texture abstractions are learned, which often leads to imprecise boundary delineations. In medical imaging, expert manual segmentation often relies on organ boundaries; for example, to manually segment a liver, a medical practitioner usually identifies edges first and subsequently fills in the segmentation mask. Motivated by these observations, we propose a plug-and-play module, dubbed Edge-Gated CNNs (EG-CNNs), that can be used with existing encoder-decoder architectures to process both edge and texture information. The EG-CNN learns to emphasize the edges in the encoder, to predict crisp boundaries by an auxiliary edge supervision, and to fuse its output with the original CNN output. We evaluate the effectiveness of the EG-CNN with various mainstream CNNs on two publicly available datasets, BraTS 19 and KiTS 19 for brain tumor and kidney semantic segmentation. We demonstrate how the addition of EG-CNN consistently improves segmentation accuracy and generalization performance.
Oxytocin differentially modulates amygdala responses during top-down and bottom-up aversive anticipation
Authors: Xin Fei , Zhou Xinqi , Dong Debo , Zhao Zhongbo , Yang Xi , Wang Qianqian , Gu Yan , Kendrick Keith M. , Chen Antao , Becker Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ability to successfully regulate negative emotions such as fear and anxiety is vital for mental health. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) acts as important modulator of emotion regulation, as reflected by reduced amygdala responses but increased amygdala–prefrontal cortex (PFC) functional connectivity in response to threatening stimuli. The present randomized, between-subject, placebo (PLC)-controlled pharmacological study combined intranasal administration of OXT with functional MRI during an explicit (cognitive) emotion regulation (i.e. distancing reappraisal) paradigm in 65 healthy male participants to investigate the modulatory effects of OXT on both bottom-up and top-down emotion regulation. OXT attenuated the activation in posterior insular cortex and amygdala during anticipation of top-down regulation of predictable threat stimuli in participants with high trait anxiety, providing evidence to support the anxiolytic action of OXT. In contrast, OXT enhanced amygdala activity during bottom-up anticipation of an unpredictable threat stimulus in participants with low trait anxiety. OXT may thus facilitate top-down goal-directed attention by attenuating amygdala activity in high anxiety individuals, while promote bottom-up attention/vigilance to unexpected threat by enhancing anticipatory amygdala activity in low anxiety individuals. The opposite effects of OXT on anticipatory amygdala activation in high versus low anxiety individuals may suggest a baseline anxiety level dependent mechanism via which OXT promotes optimal levels of amygdala activation during the anticipation of an imminent threat. OXT may thus have the potential to promote an adaptive balance between bottom-up and top-down attention systems depending on individual levels of pre-treatment trait anxiety levels.
A heterodimeric SNX4:SNX7 SNX-BAR autophagy complex coordinates ATG9A trafficking for efficient autophagosome assembly
Authors: Antón Zuriñe , Betin Virginie M.S. , Simonetti Boris , Traer Colin J. , Attar Naomi , Cullen Peter J. , Lane Jon D. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTEfficient mammalian autophagosome biogenesis requires coordinated input from other cellular endomembrane compartments. Such coordination includes the stimulated trafficking to autophagosome assembly sites of the essential autophagy proteins, ATG9 and ATG16L1, via distinct endosomal compartments. Protein trafficking within the endocytic network is directed by a conserved family of sorting nexins (SNXs), with previous studies implicating SNX18 (an SH3 domain-type SNX-BAR protein) in the mobilisation of ATG9A and ATG16L1 from recycling endosomes during autophagy. Using siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9, we demonstrate that a second mammalian SNX-BAR, SNX4, is needed for efficient LC3 lipidation and autophagosome assembly in mammalian cells. SNX-BARs exist as homo- and heterodimers, and we show that SNX4 forms functional heterodimers with either SNX7 or SNX30, and that these associate with tubulovesicular endocytic membranes at steady state. Detailed image-based analysis during the early stages of autophagosome assembly reveal that SNX4:SNX7 is the autophagy-specific heterodimeric SNX-BAR complex, required for efficient recruitment/retention of core autophagy regulators at the nascent isolation membrane. SNX4 partially co-localises with juxtanuclear ATG9A-positive membranes, with our data linking the SNX4 autophagy defect to the mis-trafficking and/or retention of ATG9A in the Golgi region. Together, our findings show that the SNX4:SNX7 heterodimer coordinates ATG9A trafficking within the endocytic network to establish productive autophagosome assembly sites.SUMMARY STATEMENTA heterodimeric SNX4:SNX7 SNX-BAR complex regulates mammalian autophagosome assembly through the control of ATG9 trafficking.
Differentiation of human intestinal organoids with endogenous vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Holloway Emily M. , Wu Joshua H. , Czerwinkski Michael , Sweet Caden W. , Wu Angeline , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Huang Sha , Stoddard Amy E. , Capeling Meghan M. , Glass Ian , Spence Jason R. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYHuman pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) generated using directed differentiation lack some cellular populations found in the native organ, including vasculature. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), we have identified a transient population of endothelial cells (ECs) present early in HIO differentiation that are lost over time in culture. Here, we have developed a method to enhance co-differentiation and maintenance of ECs within HIOs (vHIOs). Given that ECs are known to possess organ specific gene expression, morphology and function, we used bulk RNAseq and scRNAseq to interrogate the developing human intestine, lung, and kidney in order to identify organ-enriched EC-gene signatures in these organ systems. By comparing organ-specific gene signatures along with markers validated by fluorescentin situhybridization to HIO ECs, we find that HIO ECs grownin vitroshare the highest similarity with native intestinal ECs relative to kidney and lung. Together, these data show that HIOs can co-differentiate a native EC population that are properly patterned with an intestine-specific EC transcriptional signaturein vitro.
A Rapid Screening of Resistant Tomato Cultivars in Early Seedling Stage AgainstRalstonia solanacearumBacterial Wilt Under Soil and Nutrients Free Conditions
Authors: Singh Niraj 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work reports a rapid screening study of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)cultivars resistant toR. solanacearum(F1C1) bacterial wilt in early seedling stage (6-7 days old, cotyledon leaf stage) under soil and nutrients free condition. This study was performed in 1.5-2.0 ml microfuge tube where root inoculation approach has been used during infection under gnotobiotic condition and got completed within 2 weeks. After continuous post inoculation observation of disease progression in all nine recruited tomato cultivar, Ayush was found to be the most resistant (~15% wilting) while the Ruby tomato cultivar was found to be the most susceptible (~95% wilting) againstR. solanacearumbacterial wilt. This comparative wilting and survivability study among nine different tomato cultivar under same conditions indicated that early seedling stage of tomato may be a potent and helpful tool for an easy and rapid screening of resistant tomato cultivar againstR. solanacearumbacterial wilt disease at large scale level in a very economical way in terms of time, space, labor and cost. Over and above The soil and nutrients free approach presented here may be helpful for the rapid selection and development of resistant tomato cultivar and new plant protection strategies againstR. solanacearumbacterial wilt disease.
Bacterial filament division dynamics allows rapid post-stress cell proliferation
Authors: Cayron Julien , Dedieu Annick , Lesterlin Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany bacterial species grow into filaments under stress conditions. Initially regarded as an indicator of cell death, filamentation is now proposed to be a transient morphological change that improves bacterial survival in hostile environments. However, the mechanism of filament recovery remains poorly characterized. Using real-time microscopy in live-cells, we analysed the fate of filamentousEscherichia coliinduced by antibiotic-mediated specific inhibition of cell division, or by UV-induced DNA-damage that additionally perturbs chromosome segregation. Both filament types recover by successive and accelerated rounds of divisions, which are preferentially positioned asymmetrically at the tip of the cell by the Min system. Such division dynamics allows the rapid production of daughter cells with normal size, which DNA content depends on the progression of chromosome segregation prior to division. In most filaments, nucleoid segregation precedes tip-division, which produces nucleated daughter cells that resume normal growth. However, when segregation is deficient, tip-division occurs in the absence of DNA and produces anucleated cells. These findings uncover the mechanism by which bacterial filamentation allows efficient post-stress cell proliferation.One Sentence SummaryBacterial filaments recover by successive, frequent and Min-dependent asymmetric tip-divisions that rapidly produce multiple daughter cells with normal size and viability
The importance of relationship characteristics in the export performance of food firms
Authors: Karipidis Philippos , Chrysochou Polymeros , Karypidou Ioanna 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how food-exporting firms assess the importance of relationship characteristics of the supply chain that impact their performance as well as how it relates to export performance indicators.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered across 83 food firms in Greece, assessing the importance of relationship characteristics of the supply chain by using the best–worst scaling technique.FindingsThe most important characteristics relate to the quality of the primary material and the procurement costs and producer prices; these are considered more important by export-oriented food firms compared to non–export-oriented food firms. Characteristics that relate to the relationship between members of the agri-food supply chain and the interorganizational business systems and governance mechanisms are also considered of average importance. Characteristics related to the adoption of differentiation strategies are considered least important.Practical implicationsProducers should emphasize the quality and prices of their product as well as establish collaborations with food firms. Food firms need to emphasize interorganizational business systems and governance mechanisms that reduce procurement costs, instead of trying to reduce producer prices. Public authorities should engage stakeholders of the agri-food supply chain in relationships that will enable food firms to deliver on their quality and price demands.Originality/valuePrimary production and collaborations of it with food firms have not been studied in regards to what extent they relate to food firms' export performance.
University-led internships for innovative thinking: a theoretical framework
Authors: Ranabahu Nadeera , Almeida Shamika , Kyriazis Elias 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis article explains how business internships can be used to develop innovation skills in undergraduates.Design/methodology/approachUsing work-integrated learning and current literature on innovation, this article proposes a theoretical framework to design, implement, and measure outcomes of Innovation-Focused Internships (IFIs). The article also uses an illustrative case study from an Australian university to discuss practical use of this framework.FindingsThe theoretical framework illustrates that stakeholders (i.e., students, industry, and university) need a common goal. Factors associated with managing innovation and student placements are key features of the framework. The illustrative case study demonstrates ways in which students gather both professional work experience and innovative skills.Practical implicationsThe illustrative case study outlines practical strategies and challenges in IFI programs. Managing innovation-related challenges requires adjustments from all the stakeholders.Originality/valueThis article modifies the existing stakeholder interdependency model of work-integrated learning by combining it with innovation-related literature. The novel insights from the IFI program demonstrate how factors associated with students, industry, and university, and associations between these key stakeholders shape and determine IFI success.
Mapping the antecedents and consequences of thriving at work
Authors: Shahid Sehrish , Muchiri Michael K. , Walumbwa Fred O. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of thriving at work, identifies existing gaps in the literature and proposes a framework, which encapsulates potential pathways for future research on thriving.Design/methodology/approachThis paper follows a rigorous review of the extant literature on thriving mainly based on journal articles published between 2005 and 2020.FindingsThe paper proposes a feasible conceptual framework highlighting the antecedents and outcomes of thriving. Specifically, the review illustrates how contextual factors, represented by transformational leadership and organisational virtuousness (OV), act as antecedents of thriving and then proposes potential research direction where thriving is associated with psychological empowerment, psychological capital and innovative work behaviour.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how and when contextual factors such as transformational leadership and OV promote thriving is important for organisations and leaders who wish to know how and when they can shape resources and organisational features to enable thriving.Originality/valueThis unique review is one of a few studies adding to the growing research on positive psychology at the workplace. The proposed framework and future research directions have the potential to help unpack the unique relationship between work-related contextual factors and thriving.
Foreign ownership and investment efficiency: new evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Tran Quoc Trung 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper investigates the effect of foreign ownership on corporate investment efficiency in an emerging market.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs the investment-investment opportunities sensitivity to proxy for investment efficiency. Corporate investment and investment opportunities are measured by capital expenditure and Tobin's Q respectively. Control variables include state ownership, firm profitability, cash flow, financial leverage, firm size, bank debt, asset tangibility and financial distress. The research sample includes 5,502 firm-years from 621 firms listed in Vietnamese stock market from 2007 to 2017.FindingsWe find that foreign ownership negatively affects corporate investment efficiency. Furthermore, we continue to examine the effects of foreign ownership with financially unconstrained and constrained firms that are classified based on the annual medians of Kaplan and Zingales (1997) score, firm size and dividend payout ratio. We find that the negative relationship between foreign ownership and investment efficiency is stronger in financially unconstrained.Originality/valuePrior research shows that foreign ownership is positively related to corporate investment efficiency. However, in Vietnamese stock market, foreign investors may prefer safe business activities as a response to uncertainty in the business environment, ineffective legislations on corporate governance and their informational disadvantage. Therefore, in this paper, we argue that foreign ownership negatively affects Vietnamese firms' investment efficiency. Risk-adverse foreign investors make firms lose some profitable investment opportunities and thus decrease their investment efficiency.
The Pransky interview: Tony (Harvey) Koselka, Co-founder and Chief Operating Officer, Vision Robotics Corporation
Authors: Pransky Joanne 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a robotic industry engineer-turned-innovator regarding the challenges of bringing technological discoveries to fruition. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The interviewee is Tony Koselka, Co-founder and Chief Operating Officer, Vision Robotics Corporation (VRC). In this interview, Koselka shares how he first got started in the robotics field along with his experiences in running his start-up.

Findings
Koselka earned a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from MIT. Prior to his work at VRC, he successfully co-founded and sold his first start-up, CyberGear. VRC was formed in 1999 with the goal to develop autonomous robotic solutions that focused on vision-based mapping. With strategic partners, the team began work on consumer applications that enabled the company to create a uniquely robust and cost-effective approach to robotics. It entered the agricultural market in 2004 with a feasibility study for harvesting oranges. While waiting for picking-hand technology to catch up with the machine vision, the initial concept transformed into a deployable crop-load estimation system for tree fruit. In 2011, VRC was approached by lettuce growers to develop a lettuce thinner. In a few months, the company built its lettuce thinner, which was released in 2012 and since then has collectively thinned hundreds of thousands of acres.

Originality/value
Koselka is an award-winning design engineer who holds 21 US patents. He has managed the design of all the mechanical systems of his start-up, VRC, including those on the lettuce thinner and the grapevine pruner, which enable robots to intelligently and accurately perform myriad tasks, including pruning, weeding and thinning.
What makes a brand interesting? Why care?
Authors: Alexandrov Aliosha , Leisen Pollack Birgit 
Published: March 2020

PurposeDespite the common understanding of what interestingness is, few people can explain what makes something interesting. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical foundation of interestingness and test if it has merit in the branding context. It aims to help practitioners understand how to make a brand interesting and what outcomes to expect from it.Design/methodology/approachThree preliminary studies (Studies 1, 2 and 3) provide proof of concept. Study 4 tests the antecedences and outcomes of brand interestingness (BI) across 66 brands by accounting for individual and brand variations. Study 5 examines the moderating effects of brand use and brand familiarity on BI and its outcomes.FindingsA broad literature review reveals that interestingness is an emotion and is, therefore, an affective state. The findings from two exploratory studies show that customers naturally associate interestingness with specific brands and interesting brands are associated with novelty. Study 3 demonstrates that from all affective states arising from the evaluation of a brand (i.e. easiness, pleasantness, interestingness, challenge and difficulty), BI has the highest effect on purchase intention (PI). Study 4 demonstrates that the antecedents of BI are the novelty associated with the symbolic and functional aspects of a brand, and also the ability to cope with those novelty components. Two positive outcomes of BI are PI and word of mouth (WOM). Study 5 demonstrates that brand familiarity and brand use moderate the effect of BI on purchase intent and WOM. The research concludes with an operational definition of the BI concept and future research suggestions.Originality/valueThe research introduces the interesting concept in the brand context. Based on a broad literature review and several studies, it identifies the antecedents and outcomes of BI. It helps practitioners understand how they can increase the interestingness of brands and what outcomes to expect.
Entrepreneurial-oriented strategic renewal in a Brazilian SME: a case study
Authors: Moretti Débora Monteiro , Alves Flávia Chaves , Bomtempo José Vitor 
Published: March 2020

PurposeFirms around the world seek new paths to maintain competitiveness and renew their businesses. Although entrepreneurial-orientation (EO) is extensively researched, there is some ambiguity regarding different variables that mediate the effects of such strategy on business performance. Hence, current literature lacks in-depth studies that provide useful tools for companies to implement effective change, in contrast to the quantitative methods normally applied.Design/methodology/approachThrough an in-depth case study, the authors explored whether the implementation of an entrepreneurial-oriented strategy by an incumbent firm in Brazil would renew its business and potentially increase its performance.FindingsThe study showed that performance is achieved when the pervasiveness of EO activities spurs the company's boundaries, promoting not only intraorganizational changes but also multiple-stakeholder engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reinforces the idea that EO alone may not be sufficient to increase firm performance and must be considered more comprehensively. Although case studies always suffer from the problem of generalization, the authors provide a good illustration of a strategy being implemented in a constrained-resource environment.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to practice by discussing a real-life situation of a small company from an emerging economy.Originality/valueThe authors provide a holistic view of the firm, presenting the managerial changes in a new framework, which combines EO and inward- and outward-looking perspectives.