bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline Science: Activation of metabolic nuclear receptors restores periodontal tissue homeostasis in mice with leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1
Authors: Kajikawa Tetsuhiro , Wang Baomei , Li Xiaofei , Wang Hui , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Moutsopoulos Niki M , Hajishengallis George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
β2 Integrins mediate neutrophil-endothelial adhesion and recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. The diminished expression of β2 integrins in patients with mutations in the ITGB2 (CD18) gene (leukocyte adhesion deficiency-Type 1; LAD1) results in few or no neutrophils in peripheral tissues. In the periodontium, neutrophil paucity is associated with up-regulation of IL-23 and IL-17, which drive inflammatory bone loss. Using a relevant mouse model, we investigated whether diminished efferocytosis (owing to neutrophil scarcity) is associated with LAD1 periodontitis pathogenesis and aimed to develop approaches to restore the missing efferocytosis signals. We first showed that CD18−/− mice phenocopied human LAD1 in terms of IL-23/IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. Ab-mediated blockade of c-Mer tyrosine kinase (Mer), a major efferocytic receptor, mimicked LAD1-associated up-regulation of gingival IL-23 and IL-17 mRNA expression in wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, soluble Mer-Fc reversed the inhibitory effect of efferocytosis on IL-23 expression in LPS-activated Mϕs. Adoptive transfer of WT neutrophils to CD18−/− mice down-regulated IL-23 and IL-17 expression to normal levels, but not when CD18−/− mice were treated with blocking anti-Mer Ab. Synthetic agonist-induced activation of liver X receptors (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), which link efferocytosis to generation of homeostatic signals, inhibited the expression of IL-23 and IL-17 and favorably affected the bone levels of CD18−/− mice. Therefore, our data link diminished efferocytosis-associated signaling due to impaired neutrophil recruitment to dysregulation of the IL-23–IL-17 axis and, moreover, suggest LXR and PPAR as potential therapeutic targets for treating LAD1 periodontitis.
Effects of 1.5°C and 2°C of warming on regional reference evapotranspiration and drying: A case study of the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Jian Dongnan , Ma Zhuguo , Chen Liang , Duan Jianping , Mitchell Daniel , Zheng Ziyan , Lv Meixia , Zhang Haoxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReference evapotranspiration (ETo) is one of the most important factors influencing hydrologic and climatic quantities, and increases in ETo are often considered as a primary cause for drying under global warming scenarios. Based on bias‐corrected data from the Half a degree Additional Warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) experiment, we investigated changes in ETo and drying across the Yellow River Basin (YRB) for 1.5°C and 2°C stabilized warming, relative to the current decade (2006–2015). We used changes in the climatic water deficit (WD: defined as precipitation (P) minus (ETo) to determine drying and wetting trends. Results projected that mean annual ETo would increase significantly over the whole YRB, under 1.5°C and 2°C warming scenarios, with an increase of 4.54% (1.57–7.59% full uncertainty range) and 7.66% (4.49–10.61%), at 1.5°C and 2°C, respectively, averaged over the YRB for the multi‐model mean. It is unclear whether the YRB source region (the NE region of the Tibet Plateau) would be drier or wetter under 1.5°C and 2°C of warming, although it is likely that the N regions of the YRB, and the whole YRB except for the source region will be drier under 1.5°C and 2°C warming scenarios, respectively. With an additional 0.5°C warming, further intensification of drying is projected in the whole YRB, resulting from a more pronounced increase in ETo, and lesser increase/decrease in P. The increased ETo projected under a 0.5°C additional warming was mainly attributed to rising maximum temperatures (tasmax). These results highlight the importance of ETo, in terms of potential future YRB drying, and our study suggests that limiting future warming to 1.5°C would impact regional drying the least.
Examining the precipitation associated with medicanes in the high‐resolution ERA‐5 reanalysis data
Authors: Zhang Wei , Villarini Gabriele , Scoccimarro Enrico , Napolitano Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMedicanes, hurricane‐like cyclonic systems in the Mediterranean Sea, are becoming an increasingly severe problem for many Mediterranean countries because climate projections suggest a higher risk under anthropogenic forcing even under an intermediate scenario. Due to the small size of these weather systems, high‐resolution data are required to better resolve their structure and evolution. Here we investigate medicanes from the perspective of precipitation using the high‐resolution (0.25°) ERA‐5 reanalysis data released by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Overall, we identify a total of 59 medicanes from ERA‐5 data during 1979–2017, with marked year‐to‐year variability. These storms tend to occur mostly between September and March. Overall, the intensity of medicanes (i.e., maximum wind) is lower than that of tropical cyclones, and this is also true for precipitation. The composite precipitation of medicanes increases from the centre to ~0.8° and then decreases. During 1979–2017, many regions along the Mediterranean Sea experienced over 20 extreme precipitation events (i.e., days) which were caused by medicanes, accounting for 2–5% of all the extreme precipitation events.
Edible plant Jiaosu: manufacturing, bioactive compounds, potential health benefits, and safety aspects
Authors: Dai Jing , Sha Ruyi , Wang Zhenzhen , Cui Yanli , Fang Sheng , Mao Jianwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEdible plant Jiaosu (EPJ), a type of plant‐based functional food fermented by beneficial bacteria, has gained publicity in recent years for its potential benefits to health. Important progress in relevant manufacturing technology has been made in the past decade with respect to raw materials, fermentation microorganisms and fermentation conditions. Current research has revealed that EPJ contains abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as minerals, amino acids, polyphenols, organic acids and polysaccharides. Thus, many studies have focused on the beneficial effects of EPJ in preventing lifestyle diseases, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, non‐alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, diabetes and some cancers, although limited studies have involved the related active compounds and their protective mechanisms. Furthermore, very few studies have investigated the potential safety risks associated with the consumption of such food. In this review, we present a brief summary of the current research progress pertaining to the manufacturing, bioactive compounds, potential health benefits and safety aspects of EPJ. However, as a result of the complex components in EPJ, further studies on the bioactive compounds with relevant beneficial effects in EPJ and the safety evaluations of EPJ consumption are needed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Threshold sound conditioning in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Kwak Eunyee , Kwak Sangyeop 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectives/hypothesisSensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common human disorders, with increasing incidence in elderly patients, severely restricting normal activities, and lowering quality of life. The introduction of sound conditioning has the potential to activate auditory pathway plasticity and improve basal frequency hearing. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of threshold sound conditioning (TSC). The null hypothesis in this study was that TSC does not have a significant effect on auditory threshold amelioration.MethodsPure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed and hearing thresholds were measured once at baseline, and a second time following TSC intervention. Data were analyzed using an intention‐to treat design.ResultsThe TSC group (78%) significantly differed from the control group (44%) on auditory threshold amelioration; P = .008091 in DV1, P = .000546 in DV2 by Scheffe's post hoc test. Female subjects (77%) showed a significant difference in DV1 from male subjects (47%); P = .025468 in DV1 by Scheffe's post hoc test. Older subjects (75%) showed no significant difference from younger subjects (53%); P = .139149 in DV1, P = .082920 in DV2 by Scheffe's post hoc test.ConclusionsWe observed a significant improvement in a narrow band frequency threshold in this randomized controlled prospective clinical study in a broad range of subjects. These data have important clinical implications since there is no current long‐term therapy for this widespread and growing disability. Additional physiologic, mechanistic, and molecular studies are necessary to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and mechanism of action of TSC.Level of Evidence1a.
Generating pairs of projective special linear groups that fail to lift
Authors: Boschheidgen Jan , Klopsch Benjamin , Thillaisundaram Anitha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe following problem was originally posed by B. H. Neumann and H. Neumann. Suppose that a group G can be generated by n elements and that H is a homomorphic image of G. Does there exist, for every generating n‐tuple of H, a homomorphism and a generating n‐tuple of G such that ?M. J. Dunwoody gave a negative answer to this question, by means of a carefully engineered construction of an explicit pair of soluble groups. Via a new approach we produce, for , infinitely many pairs of groups that are negative examples to Neumanns' problem. These new examples are easily described: G is a free product of two suitable finite cyclic groups, such as , and H is a suitable finite projective special linear group, such as for a prime . A small modification yields the first negative examples with H infinite.
The effect of fractional calculus on the formation of quantum‐mechanical operators
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Zare Soroush , Hassanabadi Hassan , Maghsoodi Elham 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the deformation of the ordinary quantum mechanics is formulated based on the idea of conformable fractional calculus. Some properties of fractional calculus and fractional elementary functions are investigated. The fractional wave equation in 1 + 1 dimension and fractional version of the Lorentz transformation are discussed. Finally, the fractional quantum mechanics is formulated; infinite potential well problem, density of states for the ideal gas, and quantum harmonic oscillator problem are discussed.
Modeling Strategies for the Propagation of Terminal Double Bonds During the Polymerization of N‐Vinylpyrrolidone and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zander Christian , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Schall Thomas , Schwede Christian , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a recently suggested reaction mechanism, which involves the production and propagation of terminal double bonds (TDBs), kinetic models for the polymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solution are developed. Two modeling strategies, the classes and the pseudodistribution approach, are applied to handle the multidimensional property distributions that result from this reaction mechanism and to get detailed structural property information, e.g., on the chain length distribution and the distribution of TDBs. The structural property information is then used to develop reduced models with significantly lower computational effort, which can be used for process design, on‐line applications or coupled to computational fluid dynamic simulations. To validate the derivations, the models are first compared against each other and finally to experimental results from a continuous stirred tank reactor. The evolution of monomer conversion and molecular weight average data as well as molecular weight distributions can be represented very well by the models that are derived in this article. These results support the correctness of the reaction mechanism predicted by quantum mechanical simulations.
Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Jatropha curcas L. Genotypes with Contrasting Levels of Phorbol Esters
Authors: Farias Andreza Raquel Barbosa de , Almeida Natália P. , Domont Gilberto B. , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Campos Francisco A. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe phorbol esters in the seeds of Jatropha curcas are a major hindrance to the full exploitation of the potential of this oil crop as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel. Here, various quantitative proteomic strategies are used to establish the proteomes of roots, leaves, and endosperm of two genotypes of J. curcas with contrasting levels of phorbol esters in the seeds. In total 4532, 1775, and 503 proteins are identified respectively in roots, leaves, and endosperm, comprising 5068 unique proteins; of this total, 185 are differentially abundant in roots, 72 in leaves, and 20 in the endosperm. The biosynthetic pathways for flavonoids and terpenoids are well represented in roots, including the complete set of proteins for the mevalonate and non‐mevalonate/Deoxyxylulose 5‐Phosphate pathways, and proteins involved in the branches which lead to the synthesis tricyclic diterpenoids and gibberellins. Also, casbene synthase which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of tigliane‐type diterpenes is identified in roots of both genotypes, but not in leaves and endosperm. This dataset will be a valuable resource to explore the biochemical basis of the low toxicity of Jatropha genotypes with low concentration of phorbol esters in the seeds.
Profiles of perceived social functioning in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Willard Victoria W. , Tillery Rachel , Gordon Mallorie L. , Long Alanna , Phipps Sean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesSocial interaction and peer relationships are critical for development, especially for adolescents and young adults (AYA). Cancer treatment may disrupt social functioning and impact quality of life. Prior research into AYA social functioning has primarily been qualitative in nature or assessed via broad measures of functioning. Given the multi‐dimensional nature of social functioning, and its importance for AYA, a person‐centered approach to analyses is needed.MethodsAYA survivors of childhood cancer, ages 13 to 23 (n = 192, 51% male) and at least 1 year post‐treatment (M = 7.35 ± 4.18 years post), completed measures to assess perceived social functioning, social support, and positive and negative affect. Caregivers also completed a measure of social functioning. Latent profile analysis was used to empirically derive profiles of perceived social functioning using the self‐perception profile for adolescents (SPPA).ResultsA 3‐class solution provided the best fit to the data: 58.9% average, 33.7% high, and 7.5% low functioning. The average group reported mean scores that were similar to normative values available in the SPPA manual. Demographic and medical factors were unrelated to class membership. Social support and positive/negative affect differed significantly by class; caregiver‐report of social functioning did not.ConclusionsOverall, the majority of AYA survivors of childhood cancer are doing well socially, with perceived adequate social functioning associated with both high levels of social support as well as greater perceptions of positive affect. Future work is needed to elucidate longitudinal trajectories of social functioning, as well as to identify and intervene with those survivors who are struggling.
High‐pressure leakage of pleural fluid through the healed entry site of the indwelling pleural catheter from undrained locules
Authors: Chan Ka Pang , Ng Ka Ching Joyce , Li Chi To Kevin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is an established treatment for recurrent pleural effusion. Fluid leakage through the IPC insertion tract has been reported, but its occurrence is only limited to a short period after the procedure. Besides, the drainage efficacy of IPC may be limited by the presence of loculation in the pleural space, especially when intrapleural fibrinolytic is contraindicated. We report a case of fluid leakage through the healed entry site of IPC due to high pressure built from undrained pleural fluid locules, which was successfully treated with an additional drain targeting the largest undrained locule.
Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rafiq Danish , Batool Asiya , Bazaz M. A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2019), reminiscent of the 2002‐SARS‐CoV outbreak, has completely isolated countries, disrupted health systems and partially paralyzed international trade and travel. In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. This review analyses information on progression of the pandemic in the past 3 months and systematically discusses the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2019 virus including its epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the review also encompasses some recently proposed conceptual models that estimate the spread of this disease based on the basic reproductive number for better prevention and control procedures. Finally, we shed light on how the virus has endangered the global economy, impacting it both from the supply and demand side.
Transition Metal/Lewis Acid Co‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of Oxa/Azabenzonorbornadienes
Authors: Zhang Danni , Khan Ruhima , Fan Baomin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe transition metal catalyzed ring‐opening reactions of oxa/azabenzonorbornadienes have emerged as one of the important methods for the synthesis of structural framework of biological importance bearing multiple functional groups. The reactions are catalyzed by transition metals such as Pd, Ir, Rh, Cu, Co, Pt, Ru, etc. Pioneered by Lautens et. al, it was realized that Lewis acids (LA) can play an important role in the ring‐opening reaction and hence enhance both the reaction yield and stereo/regioselectivity of the products. They act as an activator/co‐catalyst in the ring‐opening reaction. In this review, we present an overview of the transition metal/Lewis acid co‐catalyzed ring‐opening reactions of oxa/azabenzonorbornadienes with different nucleophiles leading to the formation of different ring‐opening products.
Dual Passivation of CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Amino Acid Ligands for Efficient Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Jia Donglin , Chen Jingxuan , Yu Mei , Liu Jianhua , Johansson Erik M. J. , Hagfeldt Anders , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInorganic CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot (PQD) receives increasing attention for the application in the new generation solar cells, but the defects on the surface of PQDs significantly affect the photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cells. Herein, the amino acids are used as dual‐passivation ligands to passivate the surface defects of CsPbI3 PQDs using a facile single‐step ligand exchange strategy. The PQD surface properties are investigated in depth by combining experimental studies and theoretical calculation approaches. The PQD solid films with amino acids as dual‐passivation ligands on the PQD surface are thoroughly characterized using extensive techniques, which reveal that the glycine ligand can significantly improve defect passivation of PQDs and therefore diminish charge carrier recombination in the PQD solid. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the glycine‐based PQD solar cell (PQDSC) is improved by 16.9% compared with that of the traditional PQDSC fabricated with Pb(NO3)2 treating the PQD surface, owning to improved charge carrier extraction. Theoretical calculations are carried out to comprehensively understand the thermodynamic feasibility and favorable charge density distribution on the PQD surface with a dual‐passivation ligand.
International Combination Service for Time-Variable Gravity Fields (COST-G)
Authors: Jäggi Adrian , Meyer Ulrich , Lasser Martin , Jenny Barbara , Lopez Teodolina , Flechtner Frank , Dahle Christoph , Förste Christoph , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Kvas Andreas , Lemoine Jean-Michel , Bourgogne Stéphane , Weigelt Matthias , Groh Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe International Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G) is a new Product Center of IAG’s International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). COST-G provides consolidated monthly global gravity fields in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients and thereof derived grids of surface mass changes by combining existing solutions or normal equations from COST-G analysis centers (ACs) and partner analysis centers (PCs). The COST-G ACs adopt different analysis methods but apply agreed-upon consistent processing standards to deliver time-variable gravity field models, e.g. from GRACE/GRACE-FO low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-SST), GPS high-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (hl-SST) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The organizational structure of COST-G and results from the first release of combined monthly GRACE solutions covering the entire GRACE time period are discussed in this article. It is shown that by combining solutions and normal equations from different sources COST-G is taking advantage of the statistical properties of the various solutions, which results in a reduced noise level compared to the individual input solutions.
Zusammenarbeit von Pädiatrie und Sozialpädiatrie – Schaffung einer biopsychosozialen Medizin für komplex chronisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Heinen Florian 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Pädiatrie in Deutschland erlebt eine Krise, in der die Versorgung der vulnerablen Gruppe komplex chronisch kranker Kinder und Jugendlicher gefährdet ist: Spezialambulanzen sind unterfinanziert und werden geschlossen, Betten für die spezialisierte stationäre Versorgung können auch dort, wo sie ausgewiesen sind, durch Fachkräftemangel in der Pflege nicht belegt werden. Eine Vielzahl sich negativ auswirkender Faktoren kommt zusammen und spitzt die Lage zu. Diese Probleme können nur grundlegend angegangen werden und bedürfen eines dezidierten Gestaltungswillens der Politik.Pädiatrie und Sozialpädiatrie können aber auch eigenständig, aus sich selbst heraus, einen substanziellen Beitrag zu notwendigen Änderungsprozessen leisten: In intelligent orchestrierten Verbundlösungen von Pädiatrie und Sozialpädiatrie, auf inhaltlicher ebenso wie auf struktureller Ebene, können sie gemeinsam, bedarfsentsprechend, realistisch wie realitätserprobt, die biopsychosoziale Medizin in der Pädiatrie weiterentwickeln. Sie können selbst das Heft in die Hand nehmen und damit die allgemeine und richtige Forderung nach hochwertigen, ambulanten und vernetzten Gesundheitszentren selbst aufnehmen. Sie haben die Chance, Vorbildfunktion für inhaltliche und strukturelle Weiterentwicklung im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zu sein. Gemeinsam können sie in einer innovativen Zusammenarbeit als Tandemstruktur die Versorgung derer sichern und verbessern, die ihrer besonders bedürfen, die komplex chronisch kranken Kinder und Jugendlichen.