bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients on concurrent cannabidiol and valproic acid
Authors: McNamara Nancy A. , Dang Louis T. , Sturza Julie , Ziobro Julie M. , Fedak Romanowski Erin M. , Smith Garnett C. , Joshi Sucheta M. , Leber Steven M. , Carlson Martha , Robertson Patricia , Shellhaas Renée A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn January 2019, a new plant‐derived purified cannabidiol preparation, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, became commercially available for patients ≥2 years old with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. Among our patients who were prescribed the new cannabidiol formulation, we observed several cases of thrombocytopenia and therefore embarked on this study. We conducted a single‐center systematic chart review of all pediatric patients (<21 years old) who were prescribed cannabidiol from January to August 2019. We evaluated salient features of the patients’ epilepsy syndrome, age, concurrent medications, and surveillance laboratory results before and after cannabidiol initiation. Among 87 patients, nine (10%) developed thrombocytopenia (platelet nadir range = 17 000‐108 000) following initiation of cannabidiol. Each of these nine children was on combination therapy of cannabidiol with valproic acid. Whereas no children on cannabidiol without valproic acid (0/57) developed thrombocytopenia, nine of 23 treated with combination valproic acid and cannabidiol developed platelets < 110 000/µL (P < .0001). We report a novel and clinically important side effect of thrombocytopenia in one‐third of patients treated concurrently with cannabidiol and valproic acid. If this finding is confirmed, clinicians should perform close monitoring for thrombocytopenia when adding cannabidiol to a regimen that includes valproic acid.
Elevated temperature shifts soil N cycling from microbial immobilization to enhanced mineralization, nitrification and denitrification across global terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Dai Zhongmin , Yu Mengjie , Chen Huaihai , Zhao Haochun , Huang Yanlan , Su Weiqin , Xia Fang , Chang Scott X. , Brookes Philip C. , Dahlgren Randy A. , Xu Jianming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe assessed the response of soil microbial nitrogen (N) cycling and associated functional genes to elevated temperature at the global scale. A meta‐analysis of 1,270 observations from 134 publications indicated that elevated temperature decreased soil microbial biomass N and increased N mineralization rates, both in the presence and absence of plants. These findings infer that elevated temperature drives microbially mediated N cycling processes from dominance by anabolic to catabolic reaction processes. Elevated temperature increased soil nitrification and denitrification rates, leading to an increase in N2O emissions of up to 227%, whether plants were present or not. Rates of N mineralization, denitrification and N2O emission demonstrated significant positive relationships with rates of CO2 emissions under elevated temperatures, suggesting that microbial N cycling processes were associated with enhanced microbial carbon (C) metabolism due to soil warming. The response in the abundance of relevant genes to elevated temperature was not always consistent with changes in N cycling processes. While elevated temperature increased the abundances of the nirS gene with plants and nosZ genes without plants, there was no effect on the abundances of the ammonia‐oxidizing archaea amoA gene, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria amoA and nirK genes. This study provides the first global‐scale assessment demonstrating that elevated temperature shifts N cycling from microbial immobilization to enhanced mineralization, nitrification and denitrification in terrestrial ecosystems. These findings infer that elevated temperatures have a profound impact on global N cycling processes with implications of a positive feedback to global climate and emphasize the close linkage between soil microbial C and N cycling.
Modeling the circular economy in environmentally extended input–output: A web application
Authors: Donati Franco , Niccolson Sidney , de Koning Arjan , Daniels Bart , Christis Maarten , Boonen Katrien , Geerken Theo , Rodrigues João F. D. , Tukker Arnold 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal environmental and resource problems ask for new ways of managing the production and consumption of resources. The implementation of new paradigms, such as the circular economy, requires decision‐makers at multiple levels to make complex decisions. For this, clear analyses and modeling of scenarios are of utmost importance. Meanwhile, as the sophistication of databases and models increases so does the need for user‐friendly tools to use them. The RaMa‐Scene web platform reduces these barriers by allowing users to visualize easily diverse impacts of implementing circular‐economy interventions. This online web platform makes use of the multi‐regional environmentally extended input–output database EXIOBASE version 3 in monetary units, which has been modified to show explicit transactions of raw materials from recycling activities.
Health specialists’ views on the needs for developing a digital gaming solution for paediatric day surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Rantala Arja , Pikkarainen Minna , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the views on the needs of health specialists to consider when developing a digital gaming solution for children and families in a paediatric day surgery.BackgroundChildren's day surgery treatment is often cancelled at the last minute for various reasons, for example due to the lack of information. Digital gaming solutions could help families to be better oriented to the coming treatment. Despite the increasing demands for mHealth systems, there is not enough evidence‐based information from the health specialist perspective for developing a digital gaming solution.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted.MethodsHealth specialists (N = 15) including 11 nurses, one physiotherapist and four doctors from different areas from one university hospital in Finland were recruited using a snowball sampling method. Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted in March and April 2019. The data were analysed using inductive conduct analyses. The COREQ checklist was used to report the data collection, analysis and the results.ResultsThe data yielded 469 open codes, 21 sub‐categories, three upper categories and one main category. The main category the digital gaming solution to support knowledge, care and guidance in children’s day surgery included three upper categories: (a) support for preoperative information and guidance, (b) support for intra‐operative information and care, and (c) support for postoperative information, care and guidance.ConclusionDigital gaming solutions could be used to help children and families to be better prepared for upcoming treatments, to support communication in different languages and to improve children’s pain management after operations.Relevance to clinical practiceEvidence‐based information is important to ensure that future digital solutions answer the real needs of the staff and patients. There is a need for families and children’s views to be taken into consideration when developing digital gaming solutions in the hospital context.
Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity – plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis
Authors: Rhodes J. M. , Subramanian S. , Laird E. , Griffin G. , Kenny R. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus infection ranges from asymptomatic through to fatal COVID‐19 characterized by a ‘cytokine storm’ and lung failure. Vitamin D deficiency has been postulated as a determinant of severity.ObjectivesTo review the evidence relevant to vitamin D and COVID‐19.MethodsNarrative review.ResultsRegression modelling shows that more northerly countries in the Northern Hemisphere are currently (May 2020) showing relatively high COVID‐19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1 degree latitude north of 28 degrees North (P = 0.031) after adjustment for age of population. This supports a role for ultraviolet B acting via vitamin D synthesis. Factors associated with worse COVID‐19 prognosis include old age, ethnicity, male sex, obesity, diabetes and hypertension and these also associate with deficiency of vitamin D or its response. Vitamin D deficiency is also linked to severity of childhood respiratory illness. Experimentally, vitamin D increases the ratio of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to ACE, thus increasing angiotensin II hydrolysis and reducing subsequent inflammatory cytokine response to pathogens and lung injury.ConclusionsSubstantial evidence supports a link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity but it is all indirect. Community‐based placebo‐controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation may be difficult. Further evidence could come from study of COVID‐19 outcomes in large cohorts with information on prescribing data for vitamin D supplementation or assay of serum unbound 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Meanwhile, vitamin D supplementation should be strongly advised for people likely to be deficient.
Voting over selfishly optimal tax schedules: Can Pigouvian tax redistribute income?
Authors: Dai Darong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper studies pairwise majority voting over selfishly optimal nonlinear income tax schedules proposed by a continuum of individuals who differ in privately observable skills and make consumption comparisons, which creates a negative positional externality. It shows that the tax schedule preferred by the median skill type will win the voting contest. Given a reference consumption defined as the average consumption in the population, all skills face the same Pigouvian tax rate in the utilitarian optimum, whereas in selfish optima high skills face a Pigouvian tax rate larger than that facing low skills, generating a novel income redistributive effect. Under a constant elasticity of labor supply, two more results are obtained. First, for Pareto, Champernowne, Weibull, and lognormal skill distributions, the selfishly optimal tax schedule facing high (low) skills tends to be more progressive when the bottom‐skill's (top‐skill's) status concern intensifies. Second, it identifies the conditions under which, in the voting equilibrium, high skills face higher marginal tax rates while low skills face lower ones than what they face in the utilitarian optimum.
Health literacy and related health behaviour: a community-based cross-sectional study from a developing country
Authors: Karasneh Reema A , Al-Azzam Sayer I , Alzoubi Karem H , Rababah Lana K , Muflih Suhaib M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The concept of health literacy (HL) is globally evolving, and understanding its nature and impact is essential for disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, we aimed in this study to assess level of HL and predictors of inadequate HL in Jordanian population as an example case of a developing country.

Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a public tertiary hospital and community pharmacies in Jordan. All respondents answered a questionnaire, which included demographic data, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Revised (REALM-R), Short Test of Functional HL in Adults (S-TOFHLA), and All Aspects of HL Scale (AAHLS). Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship and significant predictors for HL.

Key findings
Among 310 participants, REALM-R showed that around 27.1% had limited HL. Similar findings with S-TOFHLA and AAHLS were shown with a mean score 25.6 out of 35 (SD = 3.54, Range = 16–33) for AAHLS. Functional and critical HL were comparably low. Education level, age, living area and chronic conditions were significant predictors of HL (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Health literacy was inadequate among Jordanians. Further research is required to assess the effect of inadequate HL on healthcare access and health outcomes. Health education programmes are required to improve HL particularly for patients with chronic diseases.
Decomposing Urban and Rural Disparities of Preventable ED Visits Among Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Evidence of the Availability of Health Care Resources
Authors: Wang Nianyang , Albaroudi Asmaa , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the urban and rural differences in the frequency of preventable Emergency Department (ED) visits among Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) patients, with a focus on the availability of health care resources in urban and rural areas.MethodsLinked datasets of 2015 State Emergency Department Databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and the Area Health Resource File were used. ED discharges of 7 states were included in our analysis. We performed a state fixed‐effect multivariable logistic regression to estimate the variation of preventable EDs by urban and rural areas. Individual characteristics and county‐level health care resources were included in the estimation. The Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify the association of county‐level health care resources and urban/rural disparities.FindingsRural patients with ADRD had 1.23 higher adjusted odds (P < .001) of going to the ED for a preventable visit compared to urban counterparts. The decomposition results showed that the model specification explained 49.2% of the differences between urban and rural patients. Patient residence in a mental health professional shortage area is one of the driving factors (contributing to 27%‐48%) that explained the urban and rural disparities.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the importance of improving health care resources in rural areas to improve health care quality and outcomes among ADRD patients who reside in rural areas. Future research and data collection on unobserved factors, such as health care quality, will be helpful in explaining the geographic differences.
Causal versus Consequential Motives in Mental Models of Agent Social and Economic Action: Experiments, and the Neoclassical Diversion in Economics
Authors: Smith Vernon L. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYSince the neoclassical revolution of the 1870s, reasoning and analysis in economic theory has been dominated by utility theory, in which: Action implies Outcome implies Utility. I describe three prominent and unexpected failures of this utilitarian framework to predict the replicable outcomes of experiments. First, in supply and demand experiments for non‐durables the predicted equilibrium obtains, but under conditions violating those thought necessary: complete information, large numbers and price‐taking behavior. The failure is in not accounting for the weak conditions under which equilibrium is actually attained. Second, in asset markets it is thought that price bubbles cannot rationally occur under complete common information on fundamental value. Replicable experiments consistently yield price bubbles in violation of this prediction. Third, in two‐person trust and ultimatum games, equilibrium predicted outcomes failed decisively and massively. The observed failures stem from modelling only the outcome consequences of actions, not “the impulses from which action proceeds.” Utility theory rigidly binds the origins of action to their outcome value, thereby trumping alternative mental models of the actor.
The What and When of Universal Perception: A Review of Early Speech Sound Acquisition
Authors: Chládková Kateřina , Paillereau Nikola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe young universal listener is an established concept in psycholinguistics. However, it is unclear what abilities universal perception entails and at what age it exists. This article aims to motivate rethinking about what it means to be a universal listener. Early and recent studies on infant speech acquisition are reviewed, considered in the light of cross‐language variation and adult performance, and finally linked to the current understanding of fetal hearing and learning. It turns out that language‐universal perception is best described as an auditory‐based perception rather than an ability to perceptually categorize the sounds of any possible language. Interestingly, at birth infants might no longer listen in a language‐universal mode because learning from the ambient speech signal begins at least several weeks before birth. Future studies need to answer the remaining questions concerning the point in perinatal development at which speech perception begins to take on language‐specific traits and for which sounds.
New insights into the population genetics of partially clonal organisms: When seagrass data meet theoretical expectations
Authors: Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Stoeckel Solenn , Bailleul Diane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeagrass meadows are among the most important coastal ecosystems in terms of both spatial extent and ecosystem services, but they are also declining worldwide. Understanding the drivers of seagrass meadow dynamics is essential for designing sound management, conservation and restoration strategies. However, poor knowledge of the effect of clonality on the population genetics of natural populations severely limits our understanding of the dynamics and connectivity of meadows. Recent modelling approaches have described the expected distributions of genotypic and genetic descriptors under increasing clonal rates, which may help us better understand and interpret population genetics data obtained for partial asexuals. Here, in the light of these recent theoretical developments, we revisited population genetics data for 165 meadows of four seagrass species. Contrasting shoot lifespan and rhizome turnover led to the prediction that the influence of asexual reproduction would increase along a gradient from Zostera noltii to Zostera marina, Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, with increasing departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (Fis), mostly towards heterozygote excess, and decreasing genotypic richness (R). This meta‐analysis provides a nested validation of this hypothesis at both the species and meadow scales through a significant relationship between Fis and R within each species. By empirically demonstrating the theoretical expectations derived from recent modelling approaches, this work calls for the use of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (Fis) rather than only the strongly sampling‐sensitive R to assess the importance of clonal reproduction (c), at least when the impact of selfing on Fis can be neglected. The results also emphasize the need to revise our appraisal of the extent of clonality and its influence on the dynamics, connectivity and evolutionary trajectory of partial asexuals in general, including in seagrass meadows, to develop the most accurate management strategies.
Meta‐analysis of the coral environmental stress response: Acropora corals show opposing responses depending on stress intensity
Authors: Dixon Groves , Abbott Evelyn , Matz Mikhail 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs climate change progresses, reef‐building corals must contend more often with suboptimal conditions, motivating a need to understand coral stress response. Here, we test the hypothesis that there is a stereotyped transcriptional response that corals enact under all stressful conditions, functionally characterized by downregulation of growth, and activation of cell death, response to reactive oxygen species, immunity, and protein folding and degradation. We analyse RNA‐seq and Tag‐Seq data from 14 previously published studies and supplement them with four new experiments involving different stressors, totaling over 600 gene expression profiles from the genus Acropora. Contrary to expectations, we found not one, but two distinct types of response. The type A response was observed under all kinds of high‐intensity stress, was correlated between independent projects and was functionally consistent with the hypothesized stereotyped response. The consistent correlation between projects, irrespective of stress type, supports the type A response as the general coral environmental stress response (ESR), a blanket solution to severely stressful conditions. The distinct type B response was observed under lower intensity stress and was more variable among studies. Unexpectedly, at the level of individual genes and functional categories, the type B response was broadly opposite the type A response. Finally, taking advantage of the breadth of the data set, we present contextual annotations for previously unannotated genes based on consistent stress‐induced differences across independent projects.
Identification of a hormogonium polysaccharide‐specific gene set conserved in filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Zuniga Esthefani G. , Boateng Kelvin K. A. , Bui Nhi U. , Kurnfuli Shadi , Muthana Sawsan M. , Risser Douglas D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyanobacteria comprise a phylum defined by the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis. Members of this phylum are frequently motile as well. Strains that display gliding or twitching motility across semisolid surfaces are powered by a conserved type IV pilus system (T4P). Among the filamentous, heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria, motility is usually confined to specialized filaments known as hormogonia, and requires the deposition of an associated hormogonium polysaccharide (HPS). The genes involved in assembly and export of HPS are largely undefined, and it has been hypothesized that HPS exits the outer membrane via an atypical T4P‐driven mechanism. Here, several novel hps loci, primarily encoding glycosyl transferases, are identified. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the majority of these genes are essential for both motility and production of HPS. Notably, most mutant strains accumulate wild‐type cellular levels of the major pilin PilA, but not extracellular PilA, indicating dysregulation of the T4P motors, and, therefore, a regulatory interaction between HPS assembly and T4P activity. A co‐occurrence analysis of Hps orthologs among cyanobacteria identified an extended set of putative Hps proteins comprising most components of a Wzx/Wzy‐type polysaccharide synthesis and export system. This implies that HPS may be secreted through a more canonical pathway, rather than a T4P‐mediated mechanism.