bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliage age affects pupal weight and development time, but not diapause induction in the biological control agent Hypena opulenta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Seehausen M Lukas , Jones Ian M , Smith Sandy M , Bourchier Robert S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Facultative diapause is a life history trait that allows insects to undergo continuous development when conditions are favorable or to enter diapause when they are not. Insect voltinism can have an impact on the success of a weed-biological control agent because additional generations can increase agent population growth and reduce late-season recovery in the target weed. The most common factors that cue diapause are photoperiod and temperature; however, the role of nutrition is increasingly being recognized. We conducted a laboratory experiment to examine the effects of photoperiod and foliage age on diapause induction, pupal weight, and pupal development time in Hypena opulenta (Christoph) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a biological control agent for invasive swallow-worts in North America. A factorial experimental design was employed whereby H. opulenta was reared at long (16:8 h light:dark) and short (12:12 h) photoperiods on young and old swallow-wort foliage (Vincetoxicum rossicum Kleopow) Barbar. (Apocynaceae). Photoperiod was the only factor that affected diapause induction in H. opulenta. While foliage age did not affect diapause induction, it did affect pupal weight and pupal development time, with older foliage resulting in lower pupal weight and extended pupal phase. In field conditions, these impacts could affect pupal mortality through reduced winter preparedness and increased exposure to predators. These results support H. opulenta voltinism models based on photoperiods and indicate that the tendency of captive-reared H. opulenta to enter diapause after 2 or 3 generations, even in the absence of short photoperiods, is not a result of changing foliage age.
Plasma proteomics improves prediction of coronary plaque progression
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M , Nurmohamed Nick S , Bom Michiel J , Gaillard E L , Ibrahim Shirin , Beverloo Cheyenne Y Y , Planken R Nils , Hovingh G Kees , Danad Ibrahim , Stroes Erik S G , Knaapen Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) offers detailed imaging of plaque burden and composition, with plaque progression being a key determinant of future cardiovascular events. As repeated CCTA scans are burdensome and costly, there is a need for non-invasive identification of plaque progression. This study evaluated whether combining proteomics with traditional risk factors can detect patients at risk for accelerated plaque progression.

Methods and results
This long-term follow-up study included 97 participants who underwent two CCTA scans and plasma proteomics analysis using the Olink platform. Accelerated plaque progression was defined as rates above the median for percent atheroma volume (PAV), percent non-calcified plaque volume (NCPV), and percent calcified plaque volume (CPV). High-risk plaque (HRP) was identified by positive remodelling or low-density plaque at baseline and/or follow-up. Significant proteins associated with PAV, NCPV, CPV, and HRP development were incorporated into predictive models. The mean baseline age was 58.0 ± 7.4 years, with 63 (65%) male, and a median follow-up of 8.5 ± 0.6 years. The area under the curve (AUC) for accelerated PAV progression increased from 0.830 with traditional risk factors and baseline plaque volume to 0.909 with the protein panel (P = 0.023). For NCPV progression, AUC improved from 0.685 to 0.825 (P = 0.008), while no improvement was observed for CPV progression. For HRP development, AUC increased from 0.791 to 0.860 with the protein panel (P = 0.036).

Conclusion
Integrating proteomics with traditional risk factors enhances the prediction of accelerated plaque progression and high-risk plaque development, potentially improving risk stratification and treatment decisions without the need for repeated CCTAs.
Feasibility and accuracy of Dire

C

t

L

ung

U

ltrasound

E

valuation technique to monitor extravascular lung water in porcine lungs
Authors: Buttar Sana N , Møller-Sørensen Hasse , Perch Michael , Petersen Rene H , Møller Christian H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Extravascular lung water precedes deterioration of pulmonary function. Current tools to assess extravascular lung water in a setting of donor lung procurement and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) are either subjective or not feasible. Therefore, a direCt Lung Ultrasound Evaluation (CLUE) has been introduced. This study reassesses the feasibility and accuracy of CLUE by measuring its correlation with lung weight, wet-to-dry ratio (W/D ratio), dynamic compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in a porcine model.

METHODS
CLUE images, lung weight, dynamic compliance and PVR were recorded and lung samples for W/D ratio were taken before and after EVLP. CLUE score was calculated based on B-lines on images taken at each point of the lung using an established equation.

RESULTS
Eighteen porcine lungs were included. Total median of CLUE score, lung weight, W/D ratio and PVR increased significantly, while median of dynamic compliance decreased significantly after EVLP. Total median CLUE score increased significantly in all four surfaces after EVLP with equally high CLUE scores in posterior and diaphragm lines. CLUE score demonstrated a significant strong positive correlation with lung weight (r = 0.825) and W/D ratio (r = 0.837), while CLUE’s correlation with dynamic compliance and PVR was significantly moderate to strong (r = −0.669, r = 0.695, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
CLUE technique is feasible to assess extravascular lung water in donor lungs after procurement and during EVLP. CLUE score correlated significantly with lung weight, W/D ratio, dynamic compliance and PVR. Transplant suitability of a donor lung may not solely depend on CLUE evaluation.
Spatial analysis of production technology, productivity and innovation
Authors: Alemayehu Fikru K , Kumbhakar Subal C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study employs a state-of-the-art econometric methodology to investigate the relationship between firm productivity and innovation, considering the spatial heterogeneity of firms and locations. It examines significant variations in productivity and production technologies among firms and locations within Norwegian food and beverage (F&B) manufacturing. Analysing data from 336 firms over 12 years, our findings indicate that geographical location influences production processes, productivity and productivity persistence. This research contributes to existing knowledge by emphasising the influence of spatial heterogeneity on productivity and innovation in the F&B industry. It also recommends integrating geographical variations into regional development policies and firm-level strategies.
An empirical test of Baker’s law: dispersal favors increased rates of self-fertilization
Authors: McCauley Michelle A , Milligan William R , Lin Julie , Penley McKenna J , Quinn Lilja M , Morran Levi T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Baker’s law is the observation that recently dispersed populations are more likely to be self-fertilizing than populations at the range core. The explanatory hypothesis is that dispersal favors self-fertilization due to reproductive assurance. Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes reproduce via either self-fertilization or outcrossing and frequently disperse in small numbers to new bacterial food sources. While C. elegans males facilitate outcrossing, males and outcrossing are rare in natural C. elegans populations. Here, we use experimental evolution to test if frequent dispersal selects for the invasion of self-fertilization into predominantly outcrossing populations. C. elegans dispersal often occurs in the dauer alternative life stage. Therefore, we tested the effects of dispersal on rates of self-fertilization in populations exposed to dauer-inducing conditions and populations maintained under standard lab conditions. Overall, we found that populations required to disperse to new food sources rapidly evolved substantially elevated rates of self-fertilization compared to populations that were not required to disperse in both dauer and non-dauer populations. Our results demonstrate that frequent dispersal can readily favor the evolution of increased selfing rates in C. elegans populations, regardless of life stage. These data provide a potential mechanism to explain the dearth of outcrossing in natural populations of C. elegans.
The Core Circadian Clock Factor, Bmal1, Transduces Sex-specific Differences in Both Rhythmic and Nonrhythmic Gene Expression in the Mouse Heart
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Procopio Spencer B , Ding Haocheng , Semel Maya G , Schroder Elizabeth A , Viggars Mark R , Seward Tanya S , Du Ping , Wu Kevin , Johnson Sidney R , Prabhat Abhilash , Schneider David J , Stumpf Isabel G , Rozmus Ezekiel R , Huo Zhiguang , Delisle Brian P , Esser Karyn A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It has been well established that cardiovascular diseases exhibit significant differences between sexes in both preclinical models and humans. In addition, there is growing recognition that disrupted circadian rhythms can contribute to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about sex differences between the cardiac circadian clock and circadian transcriptomes in mice. Here, we show that the core clock genes are expressed in common in both sexes, but the cardiac circadian transcriptome is very sex-specific. Hearts from female mice expressed significantly more rhythmically expressed genes (REGs) than male hearts, and the temporal distribution of REGs was distinctly different between sexes. To test the contribution of the circadian clock in sex-specific gene expression in the heart, we knocked out the core circadian clock factor Bmal1 in adult cardiomyocytes. The sex differences in the circadian transcriptomes were significantly diminished with cardiomyocyte-specific loss of Bmal1. Surprisingly, loss of cardiomyocyte Bmal1 also resulted in a roughly 8-fold reduction in the number of all differentially expressed genes between male and female hearts. We highlight sex-specific changes in several cardiac-specific transcription factors, including Gata4, Nkx2-5, and Tbx5. While there is still much to learn, we conclude that cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 is vital in conferring sex-specific gene expression in the adult mouse heart.
Novel IgG-IgM Autoantibody Panel Enhances Detection of Early-stage Lung Adenocarcinoma from Benign Nodules
Authors: Luo Rongrong , Li Xiying , Gao Ruyun , Yang Mengwei , Cai Juan , Dai Liyuan , Lou Nin , Fan Guangyu , Zhu Haohua , Wang Shasha , Zhang Zhishang , Tang Le , Yao Jiarui , Wu Di , Shi Yuankai , Han Xiaohong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Autoantibodies hold promise for diagnosing lung cancer. However, their effectiveness in early-stage detection needs improvement. We investigated novel IgG and IgM autoantibodies for detection of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (Early-LUAD) across three independent cohorts of 1246 individuals. A multi-step approach, including Human proteome microarray (HuProtTM) discovery, focused array verification, and ELISA validation, was conducted on 634 individuals with Early-LUAD (stage 0–I), 280 with benign lung disease (BLD), and 332 normal healthy controls (NHC). HuProtTM profiling discovered 417 IgG/IgM candidates, and focused array verified 32 autoantibodies with distinct distributions in Early-LUAD and BLD/NHC. A novel panel of 10 autoantibodies (ELAVL4-IgM, GDA-IgM, GIMAP4-IgM, GIMAP4-IgG, MGMT-IgM, UCHL1-IgM, DCTPP1-IgM, KCMF1-IgM, UCHL1-IgG, and WWP2-IgM) demonstrated a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificities of 77.0% or 80.0% in detecting Early-LUAD from BLD or NHC in ELISA validation. Positive predictive value for distinguishing Early-LUAD from BLD with nodules ≤ 8 mm, 9 ≤ IMD ≤ 20 mm, and &gt; 20 mm significantly increased from 47.27%, 52.00% and 62.90% [low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) alone] to 79.17%, 71.13% and 87.88% (10-autoantibody panel with LDCT), respectively. The combined risk score (CRS), based on 10-autoantibody panel, sex, and imaging maximum diameter, effectively stratified risk for Early-LUAD. Individuals with scores 10–25 and &gt; 25 indicated a higher risk of Early-LUAD compared to the reference (scores &lt; 10), with adjusted odds ratios of 5.28 (95% CI:3.18–8.76) and 9.05 (95% CI:5.40–15.15), respectively. This novel panel of IgG and IgM autoantibodies offers a complementary approach to LDCT in distinguishing Early-LUAD from benign nodules.
News coverage and the social dimension of belief reinforcement: a longitudinal mixed-methods approach
Authors: Shehata Adam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the conditions behind media-driven belief maintenance and reinforcement is critical for a comprehensive account of long-term media effects. Focusing on news coverage and beliefs about crime developments in Sweden, this study addresses the so-called “filtering function” of interpersonal communication: the idea that media messages and beliefs are validated in social networks. Using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach—combining content analysis of news coverage, a six-wave panel survey, and (focus) group discussions—the study analyses the long-term processes as well as the social validation mechanisms embedded within interpersonal discussion networks to understand belief reinforcement over time. Both the quantitative and the qualitative data support the basic social validation mechanism underpinning reinforcement effects, suggesting several distinct ways in which news coverage and beliefs are validated (and rejected) in social communication. These findings contribute to research on dynamic media effects, cultivation theory, and social networks.
The Institutional Guarantee of the Human Right to Science
Authors: Besson Samantha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This article identifies and specifies the institutional guarantee of Article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ human right to science and, on that basis, argues for the consolidation of an international law of science. Its contribution may be described as threefold. First, it argues that science should be understood as a public and common good and, more specifically, as a public participatory good in a non-instrumental notion thereof. On that basis, second, the article argues for the collective dimension of the human right to science qua right to a participatory good, specifying what that dimension entails in terms of both individual (collective and personal) scientific rights and group or communal scientific rights. Finally, the article argues for the positive obligations of States to adopt norms of domestic and international law of science and the corresponding domestic and international law statutes of scientific institutions.
Increased longline bait predation by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) around the Faroe Islands during the breeding season
Authors: Kühn Susanne , van Franeker Jan A , Jensen Jens-Kjeld , Olsen Bergur , Danielsen Jóhannis , Simonsen Poul-Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Seabird bycatch is common in longline fisheries and detrimental to some seabird populations. Simultaneously, the loss of longline bait to seabirds may pose a considerable economic loss to fishermen. Here, we study northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), bycaught in longline fisheries close to the Faroe Islands between 2004 and 2021. Biological data on age and sex and the quantity of bait in the stomachs was assessed. Males were over-represented in the bycatch sample, as were adult birds, likely caused by sex- and age-specific foraging segregation. Overall, 71% of 820 fulmars contained bait, on average 2 items per bird (range: 0–17 items). No difference in the average number of bait items was detected between males and females or between adult and non-adult birds. During the breeding season, however, adults contained significantly more bait in their stomach than outside the breeding season. No such effect was found for non-adult birds. Together with a lower body condition during the breeding season, this may indicate higher food requirements by breeding birds, potentially increasing entanglement risks. Regular loss of bait reduces fishing efficiency, likely resulting in economic loss. Reducing seabird bycatch may therefore benefit fishermen as well as seabird populations.
Therapeutic Effect of Evenamide, a Glutamate Inhibitor, in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS): Final, 1-Year Results From a Phase 2, Open-Label, Rater-Blinded, Randomized, International Clinical Trial
Authors: Anand Ravi , Turolla Alessio , Chinellato Giovanni , Roy Arjun , Hartman Richard D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The results from a pilot, 1-year, randomized, open-label, add-on treatment study in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) with evenamide, a glutamate modulator, were not associated with any safety abnormalities at all doses (7.5-30 mg bid), with a high retention rate even at 6-month (~85%), and 1-year (~75%), and the absence of psychotic relapses during the 1-year treatment period. Overall, treatment with evenamide showed a gradual, sustained, and clinically important improvement up to 1 year in all efficacy measures (eg, PANSS mean change ~ −20%; CGI-S mean change ~ −1.0). In addition, compared to the results at Week 6, the responder rates generally more than doubled at 1-year (PANSS “≥20% improvement from baseline” = ~45%; CGI-S “2-category of improvement” = ~25%; CGI-C “much improved” = ~40%). These results, rarely replicated in other trials in TRS, support the use of evenamide as an add-on treatment in patients who are not benefiting from their current first- or second-generation antipsychotic medication.
Analytic Torsion for Fibred Boundary Metrics and Conic Degeneration
Authors: Olsen Lye Jørgen , Vertman Boris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the renormalized analytic torsion of complete manifolds with fibred boundary metrics, also referred to as $\phi $-metrics. We establish invariance of the torsion under suitable deformations of the metric, and establish a gluing formula. As an application, we relate the analytic torsions for complete $\phi $- and incomplete wedge-metrics. As a simple consequence we recover a result by Guillarmou and Sher about analytic torsion under conic degeneration.
Large Time Behavior for Solutions to the Anisotropic Navier–Stokes Equations in a 3D Half-space
Authors: Fujii Mikihiro , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider the large time behavior of the solution to the anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations in a $3$D half-space. Investigating the precise anisotropic nature of linearized solutions, we obtain the optimal decay estimates for the nonlinear global solutions in anisotropic Lebesgue norms. In particular, we reveal the enhanced dissipation mechanism for the third component of velocity field. We notice that, in contrast to the whole space case, some difficulties arises on the $L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}_{+})$-estimates of the solution due to the nonlocal operators appearing in the linear solution formula. To overcome this, we introduce suitable Besov-type spaces and employ the Littlewood–Paley analysis on the tangential space.
The maturity of lean management in a large academic medical center in Finland: a qualitative study
Authors: Hirvelä Irmeli , Torkki Paulus , Javanainen Mervi , Reponen Elina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Lean management (LM) provides hospitals with tools to respond to today’s rapidly changing healthcare environment. However, evidence of its success is inconclusive. In some cases, well-executed LM supports effective, beneficial, and safe patient care; reduces costs; and increases patient and staff satisfaction. In other cases, however, the desired outcomes have not been achieved. Organizations must acknowledge the maturity level of LM to successfully implement it for continuous development. This study evaluates the maturity of Lean implementation using a structured interview with a framework based on the Lean Healthcare Implementation Self-Assessment Instrument (LHISI) and utilizes findings about Lean adoption to evaluate factors that support and hinder its implementation, with the aim of assisting leaders in maintaining and developing Lean in health care.

Methods
The article describes a case study done at Helsinki University Hospital. A qualitative study was conducted in three sectors (A, B, and C) of the hospital. Fifteen healthcare leaders from the three sectors participated in a semistructured interview based on the dimensions of the LHISI. Qualitative content analyses were based on grounded theory.

Results
We concluded that the five dimensions (leadership, commitment, standard work, communication, and daily management system) of LHISI provide a comprehensive framework for qualitatively evaluating Lean in the hospital. We found that the five dimensions are influenced by other explanatory factors. These explanatory factors, knowledge about Lean, available data, and environmental, psychological, and organizational factors all support and hinder leadership, communication, daily management, and commitment to Lean in the hospital. The results highlight differences in the Lean maturity levels in the hospital. We noticed that 9 of 15 leaders had a misunderstanding of Lean, and all 3 sectors showed a lack of staff commitment to Lean in their units.

Conclusion
To strengthen the organization-wide implementation of Lean, it is necessary to understand that LM is a comprehensive sociotechnical management system, for which it is not enough to mechanically implement Lean with tools and techniques alone. By focusing on and developing the five dimensions and explanatory factors, organizations can achieve a high maturity of Lean and reach their full potential. A good level of competency and commitment to Lean by the leaders and the staff alike are important for achieving goals, engaging the staff, and increasing the quality of patient care in the hospital. The long-term Lean development of a hospital organization can be followed and continuously maintained via easy-to-use maturity tools.