bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Neonatal Septicemia Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Hossain Md Mosharaf , Mohammad Yusuf Mir , Md Kamrunzzaman - , Rahman Maksudur , Alam Md Jahangir 
Published: October 2020

Background: Septicemia in neonates refers to bacterial infection documented by positive blood culture in the first four weeks of life and is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Objective: To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents responsible for neonatal sepsis and to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates in A NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital.
Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the NICU from July 2018 to December 2018. Two hundred ninty blood samples were collected and processed from patients in accordance with standard protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done.
Results: Blood culture reports were positive in 9.31% cases. Among the culture positive cases, there were 65.5% males and 34.5% females. Early onset sepsis was present in 74.8% and late onset sepsis was observed in 25.2% of the cases. Best overall sensitivity among Gram negative (Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) isolates was to netilmycin (61%), followed by ceftazidim (57%) and amikacin (56%).Gram positive (Staphylococci, streptococci) isolates had sensitivity of 50% to levofloxacin, 50% to ceftriaxon.
Conclusion: Gram negative organisms are the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in this study and most of them are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Therefore the results of this study suggest that, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in our hospital is necessary.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 130-134
Detorsion Plus Tunica Vaginalis Flap Coverage in the Management of Ischemic Testis Following Torsion: Experience in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Ali Md Ayub , Md Hasanuzzaman - , Palit Paritosh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background: Testicular torsion leads to devastating consequences in young boys, about 42% undergo an Orchiectomy resulting in reduced fertility, testicular hormonal dysfunction and psychological trauma.
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the testicular salvage rate after detorsion plus tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage with orchiopexy.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. Data were collected from operation theater and surgery ward register. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Continuous data were presented as mean ± SD and categorical data were presented as percentage. Results: Total numbers of patients were 15. Most of the patients presented after 24 hours. Rate of atrophy of testis after orchiopexy was higher in patients presented after 24 hours. Only 4 patients had recognizable testicular atrophy. Surgical site infection was not present in this study. Conclusion: Tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage after detorsion with orchiopexy provides more salvage rate in the management of ischemic testis following torsion.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 141-144
Fracture Resistance of Lithıum Disilicate, Indirect Resin Composite and Zirconıa by Using Dual Cure Resin Cements
Authors: BADWAN Mohammed , KAHRAMANOĞLU Erkut 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate, indirect resin composite and zirconia by using dual cure resin cements.Methods: Three groups of 180 samples (n= 60) of E-max, zirconia and indirect resin composite materials (10mm diameter and 1 mm thickness). Discs were fabricated and cemented with three dual curing resin cements. Aging treatment was then applied to the discs by using thermal cycle machine (at 5°C to 55°C/dwell time: 20s), 10000 cycles for 168 hours’ 7 days. Fracture tests were performed to the sample discs using piston on three balls test to determine the biaxial flexure strength of the 180 discs of the three materials. The results were analysed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test.Results: Statistically significant difference was found between control groups (before cementation and thermal cycle) and both group B (after cementation before thermal cycle) and group C (after cementation and thermal cycle) in all materials (P&lt;0.05). Comparing Zirconia, Gradia and E-max all control groups showed statistically significant difference and Zirconia was showed greater flexural resistance against other materials. In addition, all materials also showed statistically significant difference in Variolink/Multilink cemented Group B and C. In Nexus cemented Group B and C statistically significant difference was found only Zirconia material. Similar to control group results, Zirconia material was showed greater flexural resistance values with both cements in Group B and C.Conclusion: There is a difference between flexural strength of the three materials, Zirconia has a better flexural strength when compared to lithium disilicate and indirect resin composite.
A differentiated approach to the dental caries prevention in children with different levels of caries risk
Authors: Tserakhava T. N. , Shakavets N. V. , Melnikava E. I. , Klenovskaya M. I. , Naumovich D. N. , Cherniauskaya N. D. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance.Prevention of caries of the first permanent molars is one of the most relevant problems in pediatricdentistry.Purpose– to develop an algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with differentlevels of caries risk.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the implementation of the algorithm for prevention of first permanent molars caries in children with different levels of caries risk. This algorithm includes a comprehensive assessment of the values of indices dmft, DMFT, OHI-S, and the patient's health group is also taken into account. The study involved 253 children aged 6-7 years divided into 4 groups: 3 groups of children depending on the health group and the control group. 3 subgroups were identified in each group – with a low, medium, and high caries risk. We developed preventive measures schemes were for children of each group including training in oral hygiene; controlled and home toothbrushing using fluoride-containing toothpastes; applications of varnishes containing fluoride, calcium, phosphates from 2 to 3 times a year; fissure sealing of the first permanent molars. We carried out these activities were for 24 months, and then evaluated theirs effectiveness. Children in the control group were trained in oral hygiene. The clinical effectiveness of medical prophylaxis was evaluated by changes in the above clinical indicators.Results. In group of children with medium caries risk the increase in caries was 0.09, and the reduction in caries was 89.65%. In children with a low and high caries risk no increase in caries was observed; the reduction in the intensity of caries was 100%. A significant decrease in OHI-S oral hygiene index values was noted in all groups (p < 0.05). We noted high preventive efficacy of fissures sealing in the first permanent molars. No occlusal surface caries developed in sealed fissures.Conclusions. The application of the proposed preventive schemes in patients demonstrates high efficacy of fluoride and calcium-containing varnishes and sealing the fissures of the first permanent molars.
Authority – the Enemy of Freedom?
Authors: Merta Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

It is difficult to establish unequivocally why authority evokes such negative connotations. Authority’s historical manifestations, especially in the 20th century, do not contribute to the amelioration of negative sentiments. The use of authority often leads to its abuse, and though the frequency argument is not philosophically conclusive, nor can it be altogether ignored. This consonance of negative sentiments does not, however, mean that authority is not a controversial matter. It is; but its controversiality is of a peculiar kind, in which it is not a question of whether authority is good or bad, but whether it is a lesser or a greater evil. Or more accurately, whether it is a necessary or an unnecessary evil. The diverse opinions in this matter have their origin in different anthropological visions of man. One group, which tends to be much more optimistic in its assessment of human nature, professes all authority to be superfluous. The anarchic utopia is presented as the alternative to authority, the utopia of a spontaneous order founded upon agreements established in each particular moment by the members of a given society. The second position, which is more pessimistic of human nature, sees authority as a necessary element, which superimposes order on the chaos of reality, and in so doing creates suitable living conditions by protecting humans from each other. The first conception sees authority as an enemy or, more precisely, as an unjustified destroyer of freedom. The second sees it as a strict father who protects his child for his own good, but in order to do this he justifiably restricts the child’s freedom. The dispute between these two positions is usually resolved through a process of painful reflection: the first position is rejected as being unlikely and unrealistic, while the second is accepted as uncomfortable but necessary.
Czy ludzkość „poprawiona naukowo” może być wolna? Dystopie Aldousa Huxleya, Stanisława Lema i Anthony’ego Burgessa w świetle myśli Ericha Fromma
Authors: Oramus Dominika 
Published: October 2020

The author refers to three authors, Anthony Burgess, Aldous Huxley and Stanisław Lem, who, when building their visions of a biologically ‘amended’ society, imbue them with their apprehensions of the psychological consequences of civilisation’s further development; the more or less voluntary limitation of the freedom of the individual, globalisation, the domination of ‘dumbed-down’ popular culture and advanced science and technology at the service of the ruling elite. The writers and the philosopher continually warned the reader that a combination of these factors will result in the emergence of a new totalitarianism, a dictatorship disguised as an apparently permissive utopia. The author demonstrates how the writers in question are part of the pessimistic stream of reflection on humankind which dominated the Western thought of the mid-20th century and which found its fullest reflection in Erich Fromm’s Escape from Freedom.
Głód w latach 1932–1933 w historiografii ukraińskiej i w konstrukcji nowoczesnego mitu fundacyjnego Ukrainy
Authors: Stryjek Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

The author analyses the contemporary narrative of the Great Famine of 1932–1933 (Holodomor) in Ukraine in two contexts: the policy towards the state’s memory after 1991 and academic historiography. The first part of the article points to the fact that the Great Famine has become a modern foundational myth of Ukraine. The myth is compared with the myth of Sweden, which also relates to the nineteenth- and twentieth-century history and the fight to ensure food self-sufficiency of the nation. However, the messages of these myths turn out to be different. While in Sweden it expresses the society’s successful fight for the fruits of the earth, in Ukraine it has remarkably martyrological connotations – from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, the neighbouring nations and states have been playing the roles of perpetrators of poverty and misery of the Ukrainian people. The second part of this paper is devoted to the analysis of differences in the interpretations of the Great Famine made by two contemporary Ukrainian historians: Stanisław Kulczycki and Heorhiy Kasyanov. The former has eventually come to the conclusion that the Great Famine was caused by the genocidal policy of the Soviet authorities towards Ukrainians as a civic nation (2008). On the other hand, Kasyanov claims that the Great Famine was triggered unintentionally by the state authorities. In his opinion, it resulted from the chaos of forced collectivization policy, and then was used by Moscow to break the emancipatory aspirations of the Ukrainian elite. While the author admits that the second of these interpretations is more relevant, he does not fully agree with Kasyanov’s postulates regarding the way of presenting the disaster to the public. The “antropologization” of the narrative would be convincing for academic historians, but others would find it hard to understand. According to the author, the Great Famine was the second largest disaster caused by man in the history of Europe, next to the extermination of Soviet prisoners of war and the population of the occupied territories of Eastern Europe by the Third Reich. As such, it marks the history of Ukraine in a special way. The author agrees with Kasyanov’s criticism of presenting Holodomor as the genocide of the Ukrainian people carried out by Russians.
Hobbes i Grocjusz o wojnie i przemocy w stosunkach międzynarodowych
Authors: Wonicki Rafał 
Published: October 2020

This article compares two philosophical traditions and their attitudes to war and violence within the context of international relations. The first refers to Hobbes’ political realism, the second to the Grotian idea of international community. Each of these traditions understands the role of violence and war at an international level differently. From the perspective of political realism, violence is part of anarchistic relations between states and a means for achieving their goals. From the perspective of international community, violence is a factor that needs to be minimized via the mechanisms of peaceful international cooperation between states. Based on the analysis of these two approaches, it is claimed that the Hobbesian perspective can be partly included in the perspective of the English School, which is based on the Grotian tradition.
Carl Schmitt o państwie jako monopolu polityczności (a nie przemocy)
Authors: Święcicki Łukasz 
Published: October 2020

Carl Schmitt is known for his concept of the political (das Politische), but little has been said about the relation between the political and violence. The main premise of this article is that violence lurks behind considerations on the political. While Weber wrote about the state as a monopoly of violence, Schmitt develops a concept of state as a monopoly of the political. Weber’s theory is rooted in the shaky and revolutionary times of transition from the Wilhelmine monarchy to the Weimar democracy. Schmitt’s concept of the political reflects the crisis of the Weimar monopoly of the political, when the existence of the state (its constitution in the Schmittian sense) became endangered by the highly political and ideologically driven groups striving for power. The weaker the executive power, the greater the risk of minority groups seizing power in a legal way. Politically, neutral law is not able to contain them, as it would see such law lose its neutrality. In this, Schmitt sees the possibility for legal revolution that can take place without violence. Weber did not foresee this risk in his concept of state. The main lesson on the part of Schmitt is therefore: what was suffi cient for containing revolution in the past (the monopoly of violence) may not be adequate in contemporary Weimar and therefore, the monopoly of the political is crucial.
„Dzieci Abrahama”. Chrześcijaństwo – islam w dobie kryzysu migracyjnego
Authors: Balicki Janusz 
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to answer the question: what has the current migration crisis revealed in relations between Christianity and Islam, two religions with common Abrahamic roots? What conclusions can be drawn about the state of these relations, particularly with regard to ordinary members of the two religions? How should we assess the reaction of Christians in Europe to the inflow of refugees from Muslim countries in the light of the Gospel, the Second Vatican Council and the teaching of Pope Francis?The article consists of four parts. Part I briefly presents Christian-Muslim relationships over the centuries. Part II focuses on the sense of danger occurring in European societies in connection with the influx of Muslims during the migration crisis. Part III presents the teachings of the Second Vatican Council about Islam and Part IV describes Pope Francis’s attitude towards refugees from Muslim countries.
Development of a method for positron annihilation lifetime measurement in thin polyethylene films using a Na-22 source
Authors: Yamawaki Masato , Uesugi Naoya , Oka Toshitaka , Nagasawa Naotsugu , Ando Hirokazu , O’Rourke Brian E. , Kobayashi Yoshinori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were performed on polyethylene films [low-density polyethylene and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)] with a thickness of 15–2000 μm using a Na-22 positron source enclosed in a Kapton film. For thin films, some positrons will pass through the film and annihilate behind it. Using a single film in a commercial anti-coincidence system, by placing an annealed stainless steel (SUS304) cover behind the sample, it is possible to sufficiently measure the long-lifetime ortho-positronium (o-Ps) component even in thin films. Additionally, calculated intensities of the o-Ps component determined from the estimated film transmittance agreed well with the measured values. Furthermore, by applying this method to uniaxially stretched UHMWPE, we were able to observe structural changes owing to the stretching consistent with shorter measured o-Ps lifetime and increased o-Ps intensity.
CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH REFERENCE TO SERUM LIPOPROTEIN, SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE AND HS-CRP
Authors: Francis Felin Ann 
Published: October 2020

•	Introduction - Recently, the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been increasing in the younger generation. With the advances in the field of medicine, elevated serum levels of various biomarkers like c-reactive protein (CRP), various lipoproteins and homocysteine have been identified to be related to AMI.

•	Objective - To clinically diagnose acute myocardial infarction in young patients and correlate the levels of serum lipoprotein, serum homocysteine and serum hs-crp and to calculate the level of risk depending on their levels.

•	Method - A hospital based observational study in which 50 subjects were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

•	Results - The results support the current global findings of the younger generation, especially the males, being affected by AMI (Acute Myocardial Infarction). Sedentary lifestyle and BMI >25 can be considered as major risk factors leading to AMI. A considerable proportion of our AMI patients had significantly elevated levels of homocysteine, hs-CRP and lipoprotein A and low levels of HDL-C indicating their correlation with AMI.
Physiotherapeutic methods of processing root channels with application of light exposure in dentistry
Authors: Larinskaya A. V. , Yurkevich A. V. , Ushnitsky I. D. , Mikhalchenko V. F. , Mikhalchenko A. V. , Shcheglov A. V. 
Published: October 2020

Aim. Substantiate the use of light exposure as physiotherapeutic methods of root canal treatment.Materials and methods. For the study, 93 human teeth were taken, all teeth were divided into 3 groups of 31 samples. Optical microscopy was used as the main research method.Results. The effect of laser radiation on biological structures depends on the wavelength of the energy emitted by the laser, the energy density of the beam, and the temporal characteristics of the beam energy. The processes that can occur in this case are reflection, absorption, scattering and transmission. The interaction of laser light and tissues occurs with optical proximity between them. This interaction is specific and selective, based on absorption and diffusion. The smaller the approach, the more light will be reflected or transmitted.Conclusions. Currently, in endodontics, diode lasers are the best systems for disinfecting the root canal system due to their ability to penetrate the dentinal tubules. The optical proximity of their wavelengths to bacteria leads to the destruction of the latter due to the photo-thermal effect.
Clinical and morphological aspects of structures based on fiberglass posts use
Authors: Khabadze Z. S. , Generalova Ju. A. , Sheroziia M. G. , Nedashkovsky A. A. , Gracheva A. N. , Balashova M. E. 
Published: October 2020

The aimof this review article is to determine the positive and negative qualities and properties of restoration structures based on fiber posts. After endodontic treatment, it is necessary to strengthen the remaining tissues, since there is an irreversible decrease in the strength characteristics of the tooth.Materials and methods.Produced a systematic review of the literature in the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed. Articles based on the method of using fiberglass posts in clinical practice, analysis of methods for modifying the adhesive preparation of the dentin surface and the post itself, as well as publications related to the discussion of factors that led to the success/failure of the treatment are considered were included.Results.45 articles were reviewed in the course of information collection. As a result of the submitted articles analysis according to the exclusion criteria, the number of included studies has become 39.Conclusions. Based on the literature studied, the use of structures based on fiber posts is an acceptable method ofpost-endodontic restoration of teeth. But, like any medical manipulation, it has its limitations and side effects.