bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Columnar Stacking of Partially Fluorinated [4]Helicenes: C−H⋅⋅⋅F Interactions Change the Stacking Orientation
Authors: Suzuki Risa , Uziie Yuto , Fujiwara Wataru , Katagiri Hiroshi , Murase Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe partial fluorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons often produces a layered crystal packing, where fluorinated aromatic surfaces are stacked over nonfluorinated aromatic surfaces. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal packing of partially fluorinated [4]helicenes with steric congestion resulting from H and F atoms in the fjord region. F6‐[4]Helicene forms head‐to‐tail columnar stacks consisting of an alternate arrangement of perfluorinated and nonfluorinated naphthalene moieties. With decreasing fluorine content, aromatic stacking switched from arene−fluoroarene (ArH−ArF) hetero‐stacking to ArH−ArH/ArF−ArF homo‐stacking with the help of intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅F contacts in the fjord region. As a result, head‐to‐head columnar stacks appear. Therefore, the conventional ArH−ArF stacking motif is not always applicable to Fn‐[4]helicenes with twisted π‐surfaces.
Matrix‐Free and Highly Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Carbon Dots towards Information Encryption and Decryption
Authors: Qi Hetong , Zhang Hengqi , Wu Xuemei , Tang Yuhai , Qian Manping , Wang Ke , Qi Honglan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDesigning efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) carbon dots (C‐dots) without the need of an additional matrix is important for various applications. Herein, matrix‐free and highly efficient C‐dots with yellow‐green RTP emission have been successfully synthesized towards information encryption and decryption. Phytic acid (PA) and triethylenetetramine are used as molecular precursors, and a facile microwave‐assisted heating method is selected as synthesis method. The obtained C‐dots exhibit a maximum phosphorescence emission at around 535 nm under an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and a long average lifetime up to 750 ms (more than 9 s to the naked eye). PA containing six phosphate groups and serving as P source plays a significant role in producing the RTP C‐dots. Furthermore, potential applications of the RTP C‐dots in the field of information encryption and decryption are successfully demonstrated.
A regularized estimation approach for case‐cohort periodic follow‐up studies with an application to HIV vaccine trials
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wu Qiwei , Gilbert Peter B. , Chen Ying Q. , Sun Jianguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses regression analysis of the failure time data arising from case‐cohort periodic follow‐up studies, and one feature of such data, which makes their analysis much more difficult, is that they are usually interval‐censored rather than right‐censored. Although some methods have been developed for general failure time data, there does not seem to exist an established procedure for the situation considered here. To address the problem, we present a semiparametric regularized procedure and develop a simple algorithm for the implementation of the proposed method. In addition, unlike some existing procedures for similar situations, the proposed procedure is shown to have the oracle property, and an extensive simulation is conducted and it suggests that the presented approach seems to work well for practical situations. The method is applied to an HIV vaccine trial that motivated this study.
Efficacy of antireflux surgery in children with or without neurological impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Cullis P S , Siminas S , Losty P D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Antireflux surgery is commonly performed in children, yet evidence for its efficacy is limited. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of antireflux surgery with regard to objective measures of quality of life (QoL) and value of upper gastrointestinal investigations in neurologically normal (NN) and neurologically impaired (NI) children.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted of articles reporting children undergoing antireflux surgery in whom preoperative and postoperative objective testing was performed. Primarily, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to April 2019. Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria were used to assess article quality.

Results
Of 789 articles, 14 met the eligibility criteria, 12 prospective observational and 2 retrospective studies. The median MINORS score was 59·4 (i.q.r. 39 to 62·5) per cent. Seven studies reported assessment of validated QoL measures before and after antireflux surgery in 148 children. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 180 months. All studies confirmed significant improvements in QoL measures among NN and NI children at all follow-up points. Eleven studies reported on preoperative and postoperative investigations in between 416 and 440 children children. Follow-up ranged from 0·5 to 180 months. Nine studies confirmed improvements in gastro-oesophageal reflux using 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring with or without manometry, but conflicting results were identified for four studies reporting gastric emptying. No studies reported fluoroscopy or endoscopy adequately.

Conclusion
Based on the results of studies of low-to-moderate quality, antireflux surgery improved QoL and reduced oesophageal acid exposure in NN and NI children in the short and medium term. Although antireflux surgery is a common elective operation, the lack of rigorous preoperative and postoperative evaluation(s) in the majority of patient-reported studies is striking.
Trends in research on durum wheat and pasta, a bibliometric mapping approach
Authors: Cecchini Cristina , Menesatti Paolo , Antonucci Francesca , Costa Corrado 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesDurum wheat semolina pasta is recognized worldwide for its sensory and nutritional qualities. The scientific research in this sector is constantly evolving both with studies on the improvement of the raw material and on the innovation of the processing plants, as well as with study on the nutritional and health value of pasta. The aim of this work is to analyze different aspects of durum wheat and pasta quality research, such as publication trends, research topics and their geographical distribution, using a science mapping approach mainly based on the application of network analysis tools.FindingsUsing the Scopus database from 1987 to 2018, the analysis shows an exponential increase in the number of scientific publications since 2004, linked to the realization of epidemiological studies and research on gluten‐free pasta. Cluster analysis has evidenced four main groups linked to genetics, agronomic, raw material and pasta quality, and then nutritional aspects. Italy and the U.S.A. were the countries with the most active knowledge production with 21% and 10% of the publications, respectively.ConclusionsThe study shows the main lines of research and their evolution during the years, highlighting a lower interest in genetic aspects in favor of topics related to health and nutritional quality.Significance and noveltyScience mapping offers the possibility to gain insights upon a wide amount of bibliographic information, making them more manageable, attractive, and easy to serve science policy makers, stakeholders, and research managers.
Experimental investigation on micromixing characteristics of coaxial mixers in viscous system
Authors: Liu Baoqing , Gao Pengfei , Sun Ning , Zhang Yikun , Jin Zhijiang , Sunden Bengt 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn experimental investigation into the micromixing performance of coaxial mixers in a viscous system is reported, in which the iodide‐iodate reaction system is chosen to quantitatively characterize the product distributions. The effects of feeding time, feeding position, impeller speed, inner impeller configuration, and operation mode on the segregation index, Xs, are examined. It is revealed that the feeding near the inner impeller benefits micromixing and should be regarded as the preferred position. The presence of the rotating outer impeller causes the micromixing performance of the coaxial mixer to be significantly better than the single‐shaft mixer. While an increase in the outer impeller speed has a limited influence on micromixing, the inner impeller speed is the dominant influencing factor, that is, the Xs decreases obviously when the inner impeller speed is increased. On the other hand, the coaxial mixers with multiple and axial inner impellers have a better micromixing performance at the same specific power consumption, PV, than that with single and radial inner impellers. Among the configurations consisting of a Rushton impeller (RT), six‐straight‐blade turbine impeller (SBT), and six‐pitched (45°)‐blade turbine impeller (PBT), the Xs of the coaxial mixer is always the smallest at the same PV when the PBT + RT configuration is used as the inner impeller. In addition, it is found that the difference in Xs that results from various operation modes is small in terms of power consumption; however, the co‐rotation mode is still recommended for the micromixing of the coaxial mixer due to its excellent performance in general.
Urine cytology suspicious for urothelial carcinoma: Prospective follow‐up of cases using cytology and urine biomarker‐based ancillary techniques
Authors: Montalbo Ruth , Izquierdo Laura , Ingelmo‐Torres Mercedes , Galve Pilar , Solé Manel , Franco Agustín , Ribal María José , Alcaraz Antonio , Mengual Lourdes 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundUrine cytology results that are suspicious for urothelial carcinoma (UC) are challenging. The objective of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of such results in patients who have a negative cystoscopy. MethodsIn this prospective study, 83 patients who had urine cytology that was suspicious of UC and a negative cystoscopy underwent a second cystoscopy and urine evaluation by cytology, UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) mutations and an 8‐gene expression classifier (GEC). Results from all techniques were compared with patients' clinical outcomes. ResultsThe presence of tumor was identified in 41% of patients; of these, 82% had tumors identified at their second evaluation (76% high‐grade [HG] tumors), and 18% had tumors identified at a later follow‐up (50% were HG tumors). After The Paris System for Reporting urinary Cytology (TPS) reclassification, 53 cytology results still had an indeterminate diagnosis (13 were suspicious for HGUC, and 40 had atypical urothelial cells (AUCs)]. Complete results from second evaluations using urine cytology, cytology‐TPS, FISH, and GEC were available for 6 cases that were suspicious for HGUC and 34 cases that had AUCs. The sensitivity of these techniques to detect HG tumors in cases that were suspicious for HGUC was 100%, except for cytology‐TPS, for which the sensitivity was 50%. The sensitivity of cytology and cytology‐TPS to detect HG tumors in cases with AUCs was 33%, whereas the sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization and GEC in these cases was 83% and 75%, respectively, to detect HG tumors at the second evaluation.ConclusionsThe current results indicate the relevant clinical significance of indeterminate urine cytology findings and strongly suggest the use of complementary evaluations by urine biomarker‐based, ancillary techniques to elucidate their significance.
A novel intrusion detection method based on threshold modification using receiver operating characteristic curve
Authors: Luo Jun , Chai Senchun , Zhang Baihai , Xia Yuanqing , Gao Jianlei , Zeng Guoqiang 
Published: February 2020

SummaryClass imbalance makes traditional intrusion detection system have low detection rate (DR) and high false positive rate (FR) for minority class, which is unsuitable for practical needs. In order to improve the DRs and reduce FRs of minority classes, we propose a novel intrusion detection method, which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) algorithm with threshold modification method based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In this method, we use CNNs as a classifier and modify threshold of the classifier through ROC curve. In addition, NSLKDD dataset and UNSW‐NB15 dataset have been carried out to evaluate the performance of this method. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method has a better performance no matter in improving DRs or reducing FRs of minority classes.
Multimedia processing using deep learning technologies, high‐performance computing cloud resources, and Big Data volumes
Authors: Mahmoudi Sidi Ahmed , Belarbi Mohammed Amin , Mahmoudi Saïd , Belalem Ghalem , Manneback Pierre 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe last few years have been marked by the presence of very large sets of images and videos in our everyday lives. These multimedia objects have a very fast frequency of creation and sharing since images and videos can come from different devices such as smartphones, satellites, cameras, or drones. They are generally used to illustrate objects in different situations (public areas, train stations, hospitals, political and sport events and competitions, etc). As consequence, image and video processing algorithms have got increasing importance for several computer vision applications that should be adapted for managing large‐scale volumes and exploiting high performance computing resources (local or cloud). In this work, we propose a cloud‐based toolbox (platform) for computer vision applications. This platform integrates a toolbox of image and video processing algorithms that can (i) exploit high performance computing cloud resources, (ii) execute applications in real time, and (iii) manage large‐scale database using Big Data technologies. The related libraries and hardware drivers are automatically integrated and configured in order to offer to users an access to the different applications without the need to download, install, and configure software or hardware. Experiments were conducted using three kinds of applications: (i) image and video processing applications, (ii) deep learning techniques for images classification and multiobject localization, and (iii) images indexation and retrieval. These experiments demonstrated the interest of our platform for sharing, in an efficient way, our scientific contributions and annotated databases in order to improve the quality and performance of computer vision applications.
Direct and indirect effects of temperature and precipitation on alpine seed banks in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Miaojun , Collins Scott L. , Du Guozhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant community responses to global environmental change focus primarily on aboveground vegetation; however, the important role of the seed bank is frequently neglected. Specifically, the direct and indirect effects of changes in temperature and precipitation on seed banks remain poorly understood, yet seed banks provide a vital source of ecosystem resilience to global environmental change. We used a structural equation model to explore the direct and indirect effects of temperature, precipitation, and other biotic and abiotic factors on soil seed bank community composition using 1,026 soil seed bank samples from 57 sites along an elevation gradient that served as a space‐for‐time substitution for changing climate in the Tibetan Plateau. Seed bank richness was negatively correlated with both precipitation and temperature, but neither climate factor affected seed bank density. Temperature was also negatively correlated with vegetation species richness, which was positively correlated with seed bank richness and density. Both precipitation and temperature were positively correlated with soil total N, and total N was negatively correlated with vegetation richness. Both precipitation and temperature were negatively correlated with soil pH, and soil pH was negatively correlated with vegetation richness, but positively correlated with seed bank richness and density. Increasing precipitation and temperature would decrease seed bank diversity through direct effects as well as indirectly by decreasing vegetation diversity. Soil pH and total N emerged as the most important soil abiotic factors for seed bank diversity. Increasing precipitation and temperature under climate change may increase the extinction risk of some species in the seed bank by altering bet‐hedging and risk‐spreading strategies, which will degrade natural restoration ability and ultimately ecosystem resilience. This research is important because it identifies the potential underlying mechanistic basis of climate change impacts on seed banks through effects of aboveground vegetation and belowground biotic and abiotic factors.
A morphological, reproductive, and molt phenology database for 379 bird species from the Colombian Tropical Andes
Authors: Cardona‐Salazar Leydy J. , Benavides‐Ossa Yeny A. , Vargas‐Daza Ángela M. , Betancurt‐Grisales Juan F. , Bohada‐Murillo Mauricio , Martínez‐Sánchez Estefani T. , Cardona‐Romero Marelid , Busi Ana , Tobón‐Escobar William D. , Ortíz‐Giraldo Mateo , Gómez Castillo Daniela , Alvarez‐Londoño Johnathan , Molina‐Marin Dimas A. , Rodas‐Rua Juan C. , Grisales‐Muñoz Laura D. , Velásquez‐Trujillo Vanessa , Salazar‐Ramírez Luisa F. , Pineda‐Gómez Diana M. , Hoyos‐Jaramillo Alejandro , Santisteban‐Arenas Rafael R. , Salazar‐Ramírez Juan G. , Orozco‐Montoya Gloria Patricia , Ramos‐Valencia Santiago A. , Gómez‐Londoño Germán , Ospina‐Bautista Fabiola , Estévez‐Varón Jaime V. , Ossa‐López Paula A. , Rivera‐Páez Fredy A. , Pérez Cárdenas Jorge E. , Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Castaño‐Villa Gabriel J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Colombian Tropical Andes are one of the regions with highest bird diversity on Earth. However, information on bird morphology, reproductive phenology, and molt is particularly scarce in this region. Also, this region is heavily impacted by deforestation, and it is vulnerable to climate change. Hence, providing baseline information on life history and morphological traits will be essential to support future research on functional diversity, climate change effects, conservation, evolution, and phenology. To fill this gap, we have compiled information on bird distribution, morphology, molt, and reproductive phenology at 52 localities of the Department of Caldas, covering an elevation range between 148 and 3845 m. This compilation comprises a wide range of habitats, including native forests, forestry plantations, croplands, and paramo. Our database presents information for 3,398 records belonging to 379 bird species (representing 23 orders, 53 families, and 258 genera). From those records, 2,843 correspond to information collected in the field between 2008 and 2019, and the remaining 555 records correspond to specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Caldas University, collected between 1969 and 2014. We measured nine morphological traits from all specimens: total culmen, gape, bill width, bill depth, tarsus, wing length, tail length, total length, and mass. We also have reproductive condition information for 257 species and molt information available for 378 species. The information contained in this data set represents ~20% of the Colombian avifauna and ~11% of the bird species richness in South America. This data set is released for non‐commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY‐NC‐SA).
The role of omnivory in mediating metacommunity robustness to habitat destruction
Authors: Liao Jinbao , Bearup Daniel , Fagan William F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOmnivores have long been known to play an important role in determining the stability of ecological communities. Recent theoretical studies have suggested that they may also increase the resilience of their communities to habitat destruction, one of the major drivers of species extinctions globally. However, these outcomes were obtained for minimal food webs consisting of only a single omnivore and its prey species, while much more complex communities can be anticipated in nature. In this study, we undertake a systematic comparative analysis of the robustness of metacommunities containing various omnivory structures to habitat loss and fragmentation using a mathematical model. We observe that, in general, omnivores are better able to survive facing habitat destruction than specialist predators of similar trophic level. However, the community as a whole does not always benefit from the presence of omnivores, as they may drive their intraguild prey to extinction. We also analyze the frequency with which these modules occur in a set of empirical food webs, and demonstrate that variation in their rate of occurrence is consistent with our model predictions. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the complete food web in which an omnivore is embedded, suggesting that future study should focus on more holistic community analysis.
Chia Seed Oil Prevents High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Han Kai , Li Xin‐Yang , Zhang Ye‐Qi , He Yong‐Lin , Hu Rui , Lu Xiu‐Li , Li Qi‐Jiu , Hui Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a common cardiovascular disease. At present, the influence of high fat diet (HFD) on this is being explored. Recently, vegetable oils rich in omega‐3 have been reported that can treat hyperlipidemia caused by HFD. However, the effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are poorly studied. Hence, in this study, the effects of CSO on hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced by HFD in mice are analyzed by various commercial kits, section staining, and protein expression. The results show that CSO decreases body weight and organ index. Meanwhile, CSO reduces serum lipid levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. It can also elevate superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce malondialdehyde content in serum and liver. The results of histopathological analysis prove that CSO improves hepatic steatosis and reduces lipid deposition. Further, the results of western blot demonstrate that CSO upregulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in the liver. As a result, CSO may be a potential lipid‐lowering oil to prevent and treat HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.Practical Applications CSO, as a byproduct of chia seed processing, is a rich source of α‐linolenic acid. This study investigates the effects of CSO on HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in mice. It is concluded that dietary CSO can improve the hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced mice via analysis of lipid parameters, histopathology study of the liver, and lipid metabolism related genes. In addition, supplementation of CSO also can improve the oxidative stress in mice. Therefore, CSO can be used for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. This research provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of functional chia seed oil.