bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Nurses and Allied Professionals Seeking to Validate Their Qualification in Finland
Authors: Metsälä Eija , Karjalainen Anne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHealth care professional's qualifications earned in one country may not be recognised in another country and will require validation. The aim of the study was to investigate the experiences of immigrant healthcare professionals seeking the recognition of their education credentials in Finland. Altogether 11 professionals applying to a programme to validate their qualification were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Data was analysed by using inductive thematic analysis. The study was able to identify four factors promoting healthcare professionals' participation in validation education: (1) readiness for the Finnish employment market; (2) support from relatives and acquaintances; (3) the significance of language used to deliver validation education; and (4) the importance of the cost‐free nature of the program. The challenges were described by five main themes: (1) access to and commencement of validation education; (2) foreign language‐related challenges; (3) access to information about the education; (4) decisions about leaving the home country; and (5) discrimination and racism. Based on this study, seven recommendations are provided for education policy and practice to facilitate access to and commencement of validation education.
Fostering Engagement in AI‐Mediate Chinese EFL Classrooms: The Role of Classroom Climate, AI Literacy, and Resilience
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Gao Yang , Wang Qikai , Zhang Panpan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted education, yet few scholars have explored AI‐assisted classrooms, particularly in language education in China. Understanding the roles of classroom climate, AI literacy, and resilience is essential, as these factors foster positive learning environments and enhance student engagement. In this sense, this study, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, employs structural equation modelling to investigate factors influencing classroom engagement in AI‐assisted Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. It examines data from 606 university EFL learners to explore the interactions among these variables and the mediating role of resilience. The findings indicate that classroom climate, AI literacy, and resilience all significantly predict classroom engagement, highlighting the importance of both environmental and cognitive factors in fostering active student participation. Furthermore, resilience serves as a crucial mediator, linking classroom climate and AI literacy to engagement. This study provides some insights for educators and policymakers, emphasising the need to cultivate supportive classroom environments, promote AI literacy programs, and strengthen students' resilience to optimise engagement in AI‐assisted educational settings.
Teaching Methods of Piano Playing: Concept of Universalism and Author's Philosophy
Authors: Ma RunTao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research aimed to determine the methods for teaching piano by focusing on the synthesis of the concept of universalism and the author's philosophy of pedagogy, which affect the piano performance. Using an uneven scale, the author revealed that at baseline, the traditional approach to teaching piano was common (58%). However, this educational approach does not reflect the principles of universalism, which prevents the attainment of high results among the majority of students and does not demonstrate the potential for utilising an individualised approach to learning. The obtained results influenced the development of a teaching methodology that included a preliminary analysis of the repertoire, the enhancement of musicality during the interpretation of sounds and melodies, the acquisition of skills in sound contrast and polyphony, and the development of performance dynamics and creativity. Using the sociometric rating index, the researchers determined that the author's approach ( = 1.37) was of the highest importance for improving piano skills because it was aimed at developing playing skills of varying complexity. On the basis of the respondents' piano composition performance quality, it was evident that the execution technique for pre‐existing musical compositions ( = 9.7) exceeded that of improvised pieces ( = 9.3). The results obtained contribute to the development of technical and creative skills in piano performance, employing principles of universalism that influenced the creation of the author's methodology. The research prospects are related to a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of teaching piano under different author's methods.
Prostate cancer burden in South Asia: A systematic analysis of global burden of disease data (1990–2021)
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Jena Diptismita , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Roopashree R. , Kaur Mandeep , Srivastava Manish , Barwal Amit , Prasad G. V. Siva , Rajput Pranchal , Syed Rukshar , Sharma Gajendra , Kumar Sunil , Chilakam Nagavalli , Bushi Ganesh , Sathik Hassan Basri Jahubar , Mehta Rachana , Sah Sanjit , Shabil Muhammed , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Serhan Hashem Abu 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to analyze trends in prostate cancer incidence, incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 via data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in South Asia. Additionally, the study projects future prostate cancer incidence rates up to 2031 to inform public health interventions in South Asia.MethodsData covering South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan were obtained from the GBD 2021 portal. Age‐standardized rates (ASRs) for prostate cancer metrics, including incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and DALYs (ASDR), were analyzed via joinpoint and ARIMA modeling techniques. Geographic variations in ASRs were mapped via QGIS software.ResultsThe prostate cancer ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, particularly among individuals aged 60–65 years. The highest incidence and mortality rates were observed in Pakistan. The total percentage change in incidence in India was the highest at 61%. Projections indicate a continued rise in prostate cancer incidence, with South Asia's ASIR expected to reach 9.34 per 100 000 by 2031.ConclusionsThe growing burden of prostate cancer in South Asia highlights the need for enhanced screening programs, public awareness, and healthcare infrastructure improvements. Without intervention, the increasing incidence and mortality rates could strain healthcare resources, emphasizing the urgency of region‐specific public health strategies.
Perceptions of Frail Older Adults on Contributing Factors Causing the Onset of Crises Leading to Hospital Admissions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hoitinga Gercora , Macneil‐Vroomen Janet , Kolk Daisy , Rijkenberg Saskia , Melkert Karianne , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore frail older people's perceptions of factors contributing to a health crisis, describe similarities and depict these in a chronological, aggregated patient journey map.DesignAn exploratory‐descriptive qualitative study.MethodsFrail older patients visiting the emergency department of a metropolitan academic hospital in the Netherlands during the first 6 months of 2021 were recruited by purposive sampling. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed thematically. Patient journey mapping was used to identify, combine and depict chronological similarities in perceptions.ResultsFifteen interviews contained five themes: continuity of healthcare, self‐perception on frailty, self‐management, impact of support system within an urban environment and acute event before the emergency department visit. The patient journey map identified uncoordinated care by healthcare providers, deterioration from at least 6 months before the emergency department visit and a time demarcation at 4 weeks before the emergency department visit with an unexpected event leading to an acute health problem.ConclusionWhile patients were aware of the health event leading to the acute hospitalisation, they were less aware of the impact of contributing cascading events in the months before. The journey map suggests that strategies can be applied to inform older adults, be more patient‐oriented and provide an anticipated plan towards advance care, healthy ageing and admission avoidance.ImpactFindings showed contributing factors to a health crisis were not interpreted accordingly, creating a cascade of problems, difficult to counter when someone is already frail. By generating knowledge, standardising frequent assessments of daily life and intervening at an earlier stage by making use of the patient journey map, the risk of a potential crisis and hospitalisation could be reduced or even avoided.Reporting MethodCOREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The Age‐Friendly Learning Healthcare System: Replicating electronic health record based documentation metrics for 4Ms care
Authors: Butler Jorie M. , Farrell Timothy W. , Puckett Megan , Nanjo Claude , Warner Phillip , Shields David , Supiano Mark A. , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundUniversity of Utah Health (UUH) is an academic medical center that achieved “committed to care excellence” in age‐friendly care in 2021 and has a long‐standing culture of quality improvement central to a learning health system. University of California San Francisco (UCSF) developed electronic health record (EHR) documentation metrics for inpatient assessment of the 4Ms (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) based on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's recommended care practice for an Age‐Friendly Healthcare System. In partnership with UCSF, we replicated the assessment and action EHR metrics with local adaptations for each of the 4Ms at UUH.MethodsThe UCSF team shared 4Ms documentation metrics and Structured Query Language code used to assess 4Ms care at UCSF. At UUH, this code was adapted for a different relational database management system and local clinical context. We assessed 4Ms care, individual M, and composite measures of all 4Ms, for all patients aged 65 and older admitted to UU Hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. We conducted a clinical validation of individual patient cases to confirm accuracy of 4Ms queries.ResultsIn the 3‐year study period, 16,489 qualifying patients, mean age 74.2, were admitted to UU Hospital in a total of 25,070 admissions with mean length of stay of 6.08 days. We were able to replicate 14 of the 16 EHR metrics of individual 4Ms developed at UCSF and five composite measures. For the composite measure addressing completeness of 4Ms care, 50% of patient encounters had all 4Ms administered during their encounter.ConclusionIndicators of the completeness of 4Ms care can be measured using EHR data to validate implementation of the 4Ms at multiple academic medical centers. Key lessons to support future scaled‐up assessments include the importance of adapting EHR measures to local activities and involving expert data analysts.
Psychological Wellness and Altruism: How Early‐Life Risks Shape Adult Preferences
Authors: Habyarimana Jean Baptiste , Kakkar Vikas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTheoretical concerns suggest that psychological wellness risks experienced during one period can influence endogenous preferences in subsequent periods. This study examines the relationship between childhood psychological wellness risk and altruistic attitudes in adulthood. We find that a one standard deviation increase in the likelihood of experiencing childhood psychological distress predicts a 0.28% to 2.32% decrease (in standard deviation terms) in the desire for dynasty‐building and generosity during adulthood. Additionally, we find evidence for the altruism‐habit formation hypothesis. We suggest that experiencing psychological wellness risk leads to more self‐interest–oriented choices rather than altruism‐oriented preferences later in life. These results remain robust across multiple robustness analyses.
The Forest and the Trees: Investigating Groups and Individuals in Longitudinal Second Language English Speaking Development
Authors: De Wilde Vanessa , Lowie Wander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStudies looking into second language development have shown that findings about a group of learners cannot be transferred to individual learners. In this study, we explored ways to meaningfully group individuals starting from the data and investigated whether this grouping can give extra information about learning trajectories that goes beyond the individual learner. We followed 61 learners for 10 months, collected information about various individual difference variables at the start of the study, and investigated speaking development by collecting data on a weekly basis. We investigated whether it was possible to discern learner types through cluster analysis starting from five individual difference variables. This resulted in three learner types that differ from each other in their speaking development. Within each learner type, there are differences but also clear similarities across learners. The study shows that adopting a person‐centered approach to grouping learners can contribute to uncovering patterns in learners’ development.
Genetic algorithm optimized frequency‐domain convolutional blind source separation for multiple leakage locations in water supply pipeline
Authors: Liu Hongjin , Fang Hongyuan , Yu Xiang , Xia Yangyang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the realm of using acoustic methods for locating leakages in water supply pipelines, existing research predominantly focuses on single leak localization, with limited exploration into the challenges posed by multiple leak scenarios. To address this gap, a genetic algorithm‐optimized frequency‐domain convolutional blind source separation algorithm is proposed for the precise localization of multiple leaks. This algorithm effectively separates mixed leak sources and accurately estimates the delays of source propagation. Signal simulations confirm the algorithm's effectiveness, revealing that the distribution of leak positions, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and frequency characteristics of the leakage source all influence the algorithm's performance. Comparative analysis demonstrates the algorithm's capability to eliminate signal interactions, facilitating the localization of multiple leaks. The algorithm's efficacy is further validated through extensive full‐scale experiments, underscoring its potential as a novel and practical solution to the complex challenge of multiple leakage localization in water supply pipelines.
Effect of Tinted Lenses on Migraine Patients as Assessed by Pupil Response and Heart Rate Variability Analysis
Authors: Kamata Yasuaki , Hara Naoto , Nozaki Takahiro , Niida Takahiro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with migraines cite light as a trigger for headaches, highlighting the need for preventive measures like visual environment improvements. Tinted lenses are optical aids that suppress visible light transmission. Since their selection relies on subjective evaluation, objective assessment is necessary to confirm their effectiveness.AimTo investigate the effects of tinted lenses on the autonomic nervous system of patients with migraines by analyzing pupil response and heart rate variability.MethodsTen patients with migraine and 16 controls were included. The participants performed the experiment in a completely dark room in a supine position. A display projecting a white background was fixed 30 cm in front of the eyes as a light stimulus. Changes in pupil size and heart rate were measured before and after light stimulus. The experiment was performed under three conditions: no lenses, blue‐tinted lenses, and green‐tinted lenses. In addition, a visual analog scale was used to measure photophobia.ResultsWhen green‐tinted lenses were used, a decrease in the pupil constriction rate was observed. In the heart rate variability analysis, the sympathetic nerve index was significantly higher in patients with migraine than in the control group with no lens and blue‐tinted lenses, but there was no difference in the green‐tinted lens group. Photophobia was significantly higher in the migraine group than in the control group under all conditions.ConclusionWearing tinted lenses that suppress short‐wavelength transmission in patients with migraine has been suggested to decrease the pupil constriction rate and suppress sympathetic nervous system indices.
Cognition, Depression, Pain, and Exercise Motives as Predictors of Longitudinal Profiles of Physical Activity During a Seven‐Year Follow‐Up Among Older Adults
Authors: Kyrönlahti Saila , Lehtisalo Jenni , Ngandu Tiia , Kivipelto Miia , Strandberg Timo , Antikainen Riitta , Laatikainen Tiina , Soininen Hilkka , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Havulinna Satu , Kulmala Jenni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated longitudinal physical activity (PA) profiles over 7 years in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). Cognition, depression, pain, and PA motives were included as determinants of the PA profiles. The 1259 participants, aged 60–77 years at baseline, were randomized into either a control group receiving general health advice, or an intervention group offered a comprehensive 2‐year multidomain intervention including physical exercise, diet advice, cognitive training, and vascular risk factor management. The participants reported weekly moderate‐intensity PA at baseline and 1, 2, 5, and 7 years after the baseline. Those providing PA data at two or more time points were included (n = 1188). Longitudinal PA profiles were determined using latent class growth analysis, and their associations with baseline determinants via multinomial logistic regression analysis. Interaction terms were added to investigate whether the intervention modified these associations. Six PA profiles were identified: Very high–stable (6%), High–stable (22%), Moderate–declining (47%), Moderate–steeply declining (5%), Low–increasing (9%), and Constantly low (12%). Participants in the intervention group and those motivated by distal and proximal benefits of exercise were likelier to maintain high PA level. Conversely, depressive symptoms and pain were predictors of Constantly low profile. Results show that high baseline PA was generally maintained, while greater variability in PA changes was observed among initially less active participants.
Investigation of Fracture Prediction Capability of XFEM and Finite Element Method Using SENT Specimens
Authors: Kheirkhah Gilde Mohammad , Najari Enayat , Imanpour Ali , Yoosef-Ghodsi Nader , Adeeb Samer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the fracture behavior of single-edge notched tension (SENT) specimens made from API X52 vintage pipeline steel by comparing the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the traditional finite element method (FEM). Both methods are implemented in abaqus finite element software to simulate specimens with varying notch length-to-specimen-width ratios, whose fracture properties have been experimentally determined. The analysis focuses on plotting force versus global displacement, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) for each method. These simulation results are then compared with experimental data. A mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) calculation quantifies the level of agreement between the model and test results. The findings demonstrate that both methods can replicate the experimental force–crack opening displacement (COD) and force–displacement curves. However, XFEM offers distinct advantages, including the elimination of the need for mesh refinement, easier numerical convergence, and accurate visualization of the crack propagation path.
Data Center Waste Heat Reuse: An Investment Analysis
Authors: Khalid Rehan , Wemhoff Aaron P. , Khuc Mai , Nayar Ajay J. , Schon Steven 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A thermo-economic analysis (TEA) of a novel cooling and enhanced heat recovery (CEHR) system for data centers (DCs) is presented. Three financial metrics (net present value—NPV, return on investment—ROI, and payback period—PP) are calculated for hot and chilled water generation. Hot water generation uses vapor recompression to produce water at approximately 75 °C. Chilled water generation builds upon the hot water generation scenario by feeding the hot water stream into an absorption chiller. Without considering the additional costs for connecting the infrastructure with the customer, a payback period shorter than 2 years is found for a hot water generation system for a base case assuming a 10-MW data center (DC) in Philadelphia, PA, when carbon (reduction) credits are included. Chilled water generation is found to be economically unfavorable in this location. Sensitivities of economics to data center power, hot water versus chilled water generation, geographic region, and carbon credits are evaluated for five additional global locations in Europe and Asia. The economies of scale enable favorable payback periods for integrating hot water generation for facilities beyond 7 MW. Hot water generation is especially favorable in Singapore when replacing natural gas-based heating or hot water heat pumps.
Effect of Orientation on CVN and K-CVN Toughness Correlation of SAW Pipe Seam Welds
Authors: Xu Su , Liang Jie , Qian Cheng , Tyson William R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Charpy absorbed energy (CVN), and fracture toughness (stress intensity factor K) using single-edge notched bend (SE(B)) specimens, were measured for submerged-arc welded (SAW) pipe seam welds using two typical two-pass seam welds. Because the intent is to derive K values for engineering critical assessment (ECA) of surface flaws, a correlation between K and CVN was assessed. A crack depth of a = 2 mm was used (i.e. the normal notch depth for CVN specimens, and similar target depth for SE(B) specimens representative of real-world weld flaws). The effect of orientation on CVN values was studied because a through-thickness notch (TTN) is specified in standards but a surface notch (SN) is more relevant for real-world flaws. The results indicate that there is little effect of orientation on CVN of TTN and SN specimens for these X70 and X100 SAW seam welds, implying that TTN specimens can be used to infer SN specimen values.
To be relevant to Charpy tests in lower-transition or lower-shelf regions, fracture toughness tests were performed at the corresponding temperatures. Most SE(B) specimens showed some ductile tearing before instability except for the specimens of X100 weld at −45°C that displayed full ductile tearing. Ductile fracture initiation toughness values (J0.2) were stable over the temperature range studied. Fracture toughness (Ju) corresponding to instability (cleavage fracture) increased with temperature along with CVN values that ranged from 24 J to 69 J for X70 and 45 J to 95 J for X100. Based on results of these two SAW welds, the BS 7910 K-CVN correlation was found to yield highly conservative estimates of K for a shallow-notched external surface flaw from CVN.