bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stability and bioavailability of xanthohumol loaded by sophorolipid‐based microemulsions in functional beer
Authors: Pan Qiannan , Chen Cheng , Luo Jingyang , Huang Weisu , Zhu Yuhang , Peng Kejie , Guo Zefeng , Lu Baiyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractXanthohumol (XN) exhibits numerous physiological activities, yet its instability and proneness to degradation limit its use. Microemulsions, noted for effective drug solubilization and delivery, have been employed to enhance XN's stability and bioavailability in functional beers, using sophorolipids (SL) and Tween 80 (T80) as surfactants. Our development of T80‐ME and T80‐SL‐ME stabilized XN, as confirmed by reduced degradation in high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis and kinetic modeling. We established in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic models, demonstrating improved outcomes with XN‐enriched beer. Our study also assessed total phenols, flavonoids, and antiaging effects in the beer. The formulation minimally affected beer's physicochemical properties, including pH, turbidity, and bitterness. Notably, XN's bioavailability in beer improved 1.79‐ to 7.33‐fold, underscoring microemulsion technology's role in enhancing XN absorption and metabolism. We analyzed the sensory flavor impact of SL biosurfactants in beer, finding them acceptable to consumers. This study highlights microemulsions' potential in elevating functional beer's nutritive value and applications.
Heat Transfer Optimization of a Metal Hydride Tank Targeted to Improve Hydrogen Storage Performance
Authors: Lebaal Nadhir , Chabane Djafar , Zereg Alaeddine , Fenineche Noureddine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the optimization of heat transfer in a metal hydride hydrogen tank to maximize hydrogen storage was investigated. A finite element model of a quarter tank was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics with parameterized geometry. The main objectives were to maximize stored hydrogen mass and minimize tank filling time while maintaining temperature uniformity within the tank. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was used with key geometrical parameters. Compared to the base case, the hydrogen stored mass increased from 0.26 to 0.46 kg, and the tank filling time reduced from over 1100 to 450 s. The optimal design (Design point 15) resulted in an absorbed hydrogen mass of 0.4624 kg, with a charging time of 450 s, showing the most balanced performance in terms of maximizing storage while minimizing filling time and better heat dissipation. This demonstrates the potential of optimizing heat transfer to significantly improve metal hydride hydrogen storage performance. The model can be further improved by exploring different cooling designs and materials.
Discrimination Among New Vegetative Materials of Passiflora edulis Sims. From Canary Islands by Their Volatile Profile
Authors: Saura‐Cayuela Montse , García‐Fraga José M. , Cabrera‐Cabrera Juan , Grajal‐Martín María J. , Ayala Juan H. , Trujillo‐Rodríguez María J. , Pino Verónica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study shows the successful discrimination among different passion fruit samples cultivated in the Canary Islands, specifically purple, yellow, and a new cultivar labelled as purple selection (obtained to ensure disease resistance, yield, and adequate taste of the cultivated materials), based on their distinctive volatile profile. The headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method (using under optimum conditions the commercial CAR/PDMS fibre at 62°C for 60 min and 15% (w/w) NaCl with 10 mL of juices of passion fruit samples) was applied to estimate the volatile profile of up to eighteen passion juice fruit samples, coupling the technique to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The method permitted the identification of up to 135 volatile compounds such as esters, terpenes and alcohols, among others. The qualitative study indicated that the most abundant compounds in yellow and purple passion fruit are the same (hexyl hexanoate (21%–14%), hexyl butanoate (19%–11%) and ethyl hexanoate (11%–6%)), while the most abundant compounds for this new vegetative material are ethyl octanoate (with almost 53%), hexyl hexanoate and ethyl 3‐hexanoate. Advanced statistical techniques, such as linear discrimination analysis (LDA), were used to explore each data sample, with samples analysed by HS‐SPME‐GC–MS in quadruplicate. 106 peaks were coincident in all chromatograms of the samples, but only 13 variables (compounds) were sufficient to discriminate the new vegetative species. Besides, the HS‐SPME‐GC–MS method proved to be efficient and sustainable, with application of modern metrics of greenness, particularly when compared with other techniques commonly applied for this type of analysis.
Caregiving in Asia: Priority areas for research, policy, and practice to support family caregivers
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Bei , Li Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPopulation aging presents a growing societal challenge and imposes a heavy burden on the healthcare system in many Asian countries. Given the limited availability of formal long‐term care (LTC) facilities and personnel, family caregivers play a vital role in providing care for the increasing population of older adults. While awareness of the challenges faced by caregivers is rising, discussions often remain within academic circles, resulting in the lived experiences, well‐being, and needs of family caregivers being frequently overlooked. In this review, we identify four key priority areas to advance research, practice, and policy related to family caregivers in Asia: (1) Emphasizing family caregivers as sociocultural navigators in the healthcare system; (2) addressing the mental and physical health needs of family caregivers; (3) recognizing the diverse caregiving experiences across different cultural backgrounds, socioeconomic status, and countries of residence; and (4) strengthening policy support for family caregivers. Our review also identifies deficiencies in institutional LTC and underscores the importance of providing training and empowerment to caregivers. Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in supporting family caregivers should prioritize these key areas to tackle the challenge of population aging in Asian countries. Cross‐country knowledge exchange and capacity development are crucial for better serving both the aging population and their caregivers.
Role of the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex in the Prevention of Thermal Injury to the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Sánchez Roldán M. Ángeles , Moncho Dulce , Velasco Mercedes , Petriman E. Madalina , Duque Héctor , Vilallonga Ramón , Armengol Manuel , González Óscar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) aims to detect and prevent iatrogenic damage during thyroid surgery. Mechanisms of injury include traction, heat damage, and nerve transection. Continuous IONM (C‐IONM) techniques detect impending damage due to traction and heat related when they are still reversible.MethodsWe present a 73‐year‐old woman who underwent a total thyroidectomy due to a goiter. The IONM included intermittent IONM (I‐IONM) in combination with C‐IONM using the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). The intraoperative neurophysiological signals recorded were correlated with the surgical maneuver and the postoperative evaluation.ResultsDuring surgery, a significant decrease in left LAR amplitude was observed, coinciding with the use of the harmonic. After some corrective maneuvers, the intraoperative signals recovered, and the postoperative examination showed adequate VF function.ConclusionsC‐IONM of the RLN using the LAR can be a valuable tool for detecting and preventing thermal spread injury during thyroid surgery.
The design and evaluation of a bone health teaching module for secondary school students in NSW, Australia
Authors: Phuong Jonathan , Lam Rachel , Moles Rebekah , Mason Deborah , White Christopher , Center Jacqueline , Carter Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThe growing prevalence of osteoporosis requires preventative management starting from an early age as peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30. However, current Australian adolescents are not adequately addressing key osteoprotective factors. Alarmingly, around 17% have insufficient vitamin D levels, 55% consume insufficient dietary calcium, and 79% are insufficiently active. Addressing these insufficiencies via bone health education and promoting healthier lifestyle choices are crucial to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis later in life.MethodsA mixed methods study was undertaken to assess the design and effectiveness of four bone health education modules implemented in PDHPE lessons across NSW secondary schools. Pre‐ and post‐module assessments included a multiple‐choice questionnaire on osteoporosis knowledge, and a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour domains to examine influences on healthy bone behaviour. Statistical analysis, qualitative interviews, and focus groups were used to evaluate changes in knowledge and behaviour resulting from the modules.ResultsParticipation in bone health teaching modules improved students' knowledge and behaviours related to bone health. Subjective norms had the largest influence regarding behaviour changes. Both students and teachers engaged positively with the bone health modules, which were designed by clinicians and delivered by teachers.So What?The modules address knowledge gaps and provide strategies from an early age, empowering students and potentially contribute to improving long term bone health. There is a need to focus on promoting positive peer influence and facilitating easy access to bone‐healthy behaviours in secondary education settings.
Dengue in Tomorrow: Predictive Insights From ARIMA and SARIMA Models in Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Hasan Pratyay , Khan Tazdin Delwar , Alam Ishteaque , Haque Mohammad Emdadul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgrounds and AimsDengue fever has been a continued public health problem in Bangladesh, with a recent surge in cases. The aim of this study was to train ARIMA and SARIMA models for time series analysis on the monthly prevalence of dengue in Bangladesh and to use these models to forecast the dengue prevalence for the next 12 months.MethodsThis secondary data‐based study utilizes AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to forecast dengue prevalence in Bangladesh. Data was sourced from the Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) and the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS). STROBE Guideline for observational studies was followed for reporting this study.ResultsThe ARIMA (1,1,1) and SARIMA (1,1,2) models were identified as the best‐performing models. The forecasts indicate a steady dengue prevalence for 2024 according to ARIMA, while SARIMA predicts significant fluctuations. It was observed that ARIMA (1,1,1) and SARIMA (1,2,2) (1,1,2)12 were the most suitable models for prediction of dengue prevalence.ConclusionThese models offer valuable insights for healthcare planning and resource allocation, although external factors and complex interactions must be considered. Dengue prevalence is expected to rise in future in Bangladesh.
Implementing Best Practices for Nurses in Detecting and Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Hospital in Tabriz, Iran: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Kabiri Neda , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Rahmani Parvin , Tavani Fatemeh Molaei , Saghaleini Seied Hadi , Soofiyani Saiedeh Razi , Talebpour Amin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is defined as “a response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function.” The aim of this research was to evaluate the current practice and implement the best practices for detecting and reporting ADR in a tertiary hospital in Tabriz, Iran.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods sequential explanatory design in the current study. The research was conceptually informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute model of Evidence‐Based Healthcare (JBI EBHC). A three‐phase implementation process, outlined by this model, was used in this study. The first and third phases comprised the quantitaive phase of the study, in which we evaluated the current practice and conducted a final evaluation to measure changes in compliance with the best practice. The qualitative phase, the second phase of the JBI EBHC model, was conducted to identify barriers and develop implementation strategies. There were seven evidence‐based audit criteria for evaluating the practice, with a sample size of 23 nurses for the quantitative phase and 10 participants for the qualitative phase.ResultsThe quantitative findings revealed an improvement in compliance rates for all criteria following the follow‐up audit. From the qualitative analysis, four themes of barriers were identified: time and workload, lack of a proper reporting system for ADR, lack of belief and readiness for change among nurses, and lack of awareness about the importance of documenting ADR.ConclusionThe results of this implementation study demonstrated enhanced ADR reporting. It can be inferred that implementing educational strategies, such as holding conferences, informal meetings, workshops, and educational pamphlets, can facilitate the implementation of evidence into practice.Implications for NursesFindings will help nurses across sectors of primary, secondary, and tertiary care use the implemented strategies to improve the quality of care and reduce ADR.
Identification of Serum‐Derived CricRNA Diagnostic Panel and Revealing Their Regulatory Mechanisms in HCV‐HCC: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ishaq Yasmeen , Rauff Bisma , Alzahrani Badr , Javed Hassnain , Ikram Aqsa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum‐derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) play several crucial roles in HCV and HCC. They represent a promising area of research for improving the diagnosis and understanding the mechanisms of HCV‐HCC. This study aims to identify a serum‐derived circular RNA (circRNA) diagnostic panel for HCV‐HCC and to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying their role in cancer progression.MethodsIn this study, data mining and in silico analysis were conducted to identify the role of circular RNAs (hsa_circ_0003288, circ‐RNF13, hsa_circ_0004277, circANRIL, circUHRF1, hsa_circ_103047) and their associated biomarkers (IL‐6 and NF‐κB) in HCV‐HCC pathogenesis. Additionally, RT‐PCR was performed to assess their expression levels across different study groups (G0 = control, G1 = HCV, G2 = HCC, and G3 = HCV‐induced HCC).ResultsThe expression levels of circular RNAs, including hsa_circ_0003288, circ‐RNF13, hsa_circ_0004277, circANRIL, circUHRF1, and hsa_circ_103047, as well as the biomarkers IL‐6 and NF‐κB, were significantly elevated in the G3 group compared to the G0 group. ROC analysis also revealed significantly different expression rates for G3 group and G0 group.ConclusionThe data revealed that cricRNAs panel (hsa_circ_0003288, circ‐RNF13, circANRIL, circUHRF1, and hsa_circ_103047) could serve as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCV‐induced HCC.
A novel mouse model of upper tract urothelial carcinoma highlights the impact of dietary intervention on gut microbiota and carcinogenesis prevention despite carcinogen exposure
Authors: Yamamoto Akinaru , Kawashima Atsunari , Uemura Toshihiro , Nakano Kosuke , Matsushita Makoto , Ishizuya Yu , Jingushi Kentaro , Hase Hiroaki , Katayama Kotoe , Yamaguchi Rui , Sassi Nesrine , Motoyama Yuichi , Nojima Satoshi , Mita Masashi , Kimura Tomonori , Motooka Daisuke , Horibe Yuki , Okuda Yohei , Oka Toshiki , Yamamichi Gaku , Tomiyama Eisuke , Koh Yoko , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Uemura Motohide , Imoto Seiya , Wada Hisashi , Morii Eiichi , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Nonomura Norio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnimal models of N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxy butyl) nitrosamine (BBN)‐induced urothelial carcinoma (UC), particularly bladder cancer (BC), have long been established. However, the rare incidence of BBN‐induced upper urinary tract UC (UTUC), which originates from the same urothelium as BC, remains elusive. The scarcity of animal models of UTUC has made it challenging to study the biology of UTUC. To address this problem, we tried to establish a novel mouse model of UTUC by treating multiple mice strains and sexes with BBN. The molecular consistency between the UTUC mouse model and human UTUC was confirmed using multi‐omics analyses, including whole‐exome, whole‐transcriptome, and spatial transcriptome sequencing. 16S ribosomal RNA metagenome sequencing, metabolome analysis, and dietary interventions were employed to assess changes in the gut microbiome, metabolome, and carcinogenesis of UTUC. Of all treated mice, only female BALB/c mice developed UTUC over BC. Multi‐omics analyses confirmed that the UTUC model reflected the molecular characteristics and heterogeneity of human UTUC with poor prognosis. Furthermore, the model exhibited increased Tnf‐related inflammatory gene expression in the upper urinary tract and a low relative abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis in the gut. Dietary intervention, mainly without alanine, led to P. distasonis upregulation and successfully prevented UTUC, as well as suppressed Tnf‐related inflammatory gene expression in the upper urinary tract despite the exposure to BBN. This is the first report to demonstrate a higher incidence of UTUC than BC in a non‐engineered mouse model using BBN. Overall, this model could serve as a useful tool for comprehensively investigating UTUC in future studies.
Repeated Injection of Xylazine Causes Liver Injury Through the PPAR Signaling Pathway in Rats
Authors: Yi Shanyong , Mai Tingting , Fang Ying , Tian Qishuo , Zhao Shuquan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the gradual emergence of xylazine as a street drug, incidents of xylazine poisoning are now occurring worldwide. However, it remains unknown whether long‐term exposure to xylazine causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the present study, the rats were injected with xylazine intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days, and then serum and liver tissues were collected for analysis. Weight loss was observed in the 40 mg/kg group and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed. Histopathologic examination showed hepatic steatosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. By mRNA sequencing, 192 upregulated genes and 277 downregulated genes were found in the 40 mg/kg group, and the PPAR signaling pathway was ranked first in the KEGG pathway analysis. Four genes in the PPAR signaling pathway, Fabp5, Acox2, and Cpt2, were also verified in the 40 mg/kg group by RT‐qPCR analysis and western blot. Our results demonstrated that long‐term injection of xylazine causes NAFLD and the PPAR signaling pathway plays a core role in the process of xylazine‐associated liver injury.
Novel Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Fibroblasts to Improve Heart Disease
Authors: Li Yujuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCardiac fibrosis represents the terminal pathological manifestation of various heart diseases, with the formation of fibroblasts playing a pivotal role in this process. Consequently, targeting the formation and function of fibroblasts holds significant potential for improving outcomes in heart disease. Recent research reveals the considerable potential of fibroblasts in ameliorating cardiac conditions, demonstrating different functional characteristics at various time points and spatial locations. Therefore, precise modulation of fibroblast activity may offer an effective approach for treating cardiac fibrosis and achieving targeted therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we focus on the fate and inhibition of fibroblasts, analyze their dynamic changes in cardiac diseases, and propose a framework for identifying markers of fibroblast activation mechanisms and selecting optimal time windows for therapeutic intervention. By synthesizing research findings in these areas, we aim to provide new strategies and directions for the precise treatment of fibroblasts in cardiac diseases.
Acute Sarcopenia: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis on Its Incidence and Muscle Parameter Shifts During Hospitalisation
Authors: Aldrich Luke , Ispoglou Theocharis , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Alqallaf Jasem , Wilson Oliver , Stavropoulos‐Kalinoglou Antonis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute sarcopenia is sarcopenia lasting less than 6 months, typically following acute illness or injury. It may impact patient recovery and quality of life, advancing to chronic sarcopenia. However, its development and assessment remain poorly understood, particularly during hospitalisation. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the incidence of acute sarcopenia and examine changes in muscle parameters during hospitalisation.MethodsEighty‐eight papers were included in the narrative synthesis; 33 provided data for meta‐analyses on the effects of hospitalisation on handgrip strength (HGS), rectus femoris cross‐sectional area (RFCSA) and various muscle function tests. Meta‐regressions were performed for length of hospital stay (LoS) and age for all meta‐analyses; sex was also considered for HGS.ResultsAcute sarcopenia development was assessed in four studies with a pooled incidence of 18% during hospitalisation. Incidence was highest among trauma patients in intensive care (59%), whereas it was lower among medical and surgical patients (15%–20%). Time of development ranged from 4 to 44 days. HGS remained stable during hospitalisation (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI = −0.18:0.28, p = 0.67) as did knee extensor strength. LoS affected HGS performance (θ = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.001:0.09, p = 0.045) but age (p = 0.903) and sex (p = 0.434) did not. RFCSA, reduced by 16.5% over 3–21 days (SMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −0.92:−0.43, p < 0.001); LoS or time between scans did significantly predict the reduction (θ = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.077:−0.011, p = 0.012). Indices of muscle quality also reduced. Muscle function improved when assessed by the short physical performance battery (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.03:1.69, p = 0.046); there was no change in 6‐min walk (p = 0.22), timed up‐and‐go (p = 0.46) or gait speed tests (p = 0.98). The only significant predictor of timed up‐and‐go performance was age (θ = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.018:−0.005, p = 0.009).ConclusionsAssessment and understanding of acute sarcopenia in clinical settings are limited. Incidence varies between clinical conditions, and muscle parameters are affected differently. HGS and muscle function tests may not be sensitive enough to identify acute changes during hospitalisation. Currently, muscle health deterioration may be underdiagnosed impacting recovery, quality of life and overall health following hospitalisation. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the suitability of existing diagnostic criteria of acute sarcopenia. Muscle mass and quality indices might need to become the primary determinants for muscle health assessment in hospitalised populations.