bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-type Voltage-gated Calcium Channel Modulators Inhibit Glutamate-induced Morphology in Astrocytoma Cells
Authors: Tabatabaee Mitra Sadat , Menard Frederic 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate evokes physiological responses within the astrocytic network that lead to fine morphological dynamics. However, the mechanism by which astrocytes couple glutamate sensing with cellular calcium rise remains unclear. Employing natural properties of U118-MG astrocytoma cells, we tested a possible connection between L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav) and glutamate receptors. Using live confocal imaging and pharmacological inhibitors, the extension of U118-MG processes upon glutamate exposure are shown to depend mainly on extracellular calcium entry via L-type Cav’s. Inhibitors of the Cavα1 protein, decreased astrocytic filopodia extension; while, gabapentinoids, ligands of the Cav’s α2δ auxiliary subunit blocked all process growth. This study suggests that α2δ is the main contributor to Cav’s role in glutamate-dependent filopodiagenesis. It opens new avenues of research on the role of α2δ in neuron-astrocyte glutamate signaling and neurochemical signaling at tripartite synapses.
Diverse genetic origins of medieval steppe nomad conquerors
Authors: Mikheyev Alexander S. , Qiu Lijun , Zarubin Alexei , Moshkov Nikita , Orlov Yuri , Chartier Duane R. , Kornienko Igor V. , Faleeva Tatyana G. , Klyuchnikov Vladimir , Batieva Elena F. , Tatarinova Tatiana V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver millennia, steppe nomadic tribes raided and sometimes overran settled Eurasian civilizations. Most polities formed by steppe nomads were ephemeral, making it difficult to ascertain their genetic roots or what present-day populations, if any, have descended from them. Exceptionally, the Khazar Khaganate controlled the trade artery between the Black and Caspian Seas in VIII-IX centuries, acting as one of the major conduits between East and West. However, the genetic identity of the ruling elite within the polyglot and polyethnic Khaganate has been a much-debated mystery; a controversial hypothesis posits that post-conversion to Judaism the Khazars gave rise to modern Ashkenazim. We analyzed whole-genome sequences of eight men and one woman buried within the distinctive kurgans of the Khazar upper (warrior) class. After comparing them with reference panels of present-day Eurasian and Iron Age populations, we found that the Khazar political organization relied on a polyethnic elite. It was predominantly descended from Central Asian tribes but incorporated genetic admixture from populations conquered by Khazars. Thus, the Khazar ruling class was likely relatively small and able to maintain a genetic identity distinct from their subjugated populations over the course of centuries. Yet, men of mixed ancestry could also rise into the warrior class, possibly providing troop numbers necessary to maintain control of their large territory. However, when the Khaganate collapsed it left few persistent genetic traces in Europe. Our data confirm the Turkic roots of the Khazars, but also highlight their ethnic diversity and some integration of conquered populations.
Don’t Dismiss Logistic Regression: The Case for Sensible Extraction of Interactions in the Era of Machine Learning
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , O’Malley A. James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning approaches have become increasingly popular modeling techniques, relying on data-driven heuristics to arrive at its solutions. Recent comparisons between these algorithms and traditional statistical modeling techniques have largely ignored the superiority gained by the former approaches due to involvement of model-building search algorithms. This has led to alignment of statistical and machine learning approaches with different types of problems and the under-development of procedures that combine their attributes. In this context, we hoped to understand the domains of applicability for each approach and to identify areas where a marriage between the two approaches is warranted. We then sought to develop a hybrid statistical-machine learning procedure with the best attributes of each.MethodsWe present three simple examples to illustrate when to use each modeling approach and posit a general framework for combining them into an enhanced logistic regression model building procedure that aids interpretation. We study 556 benchmark machine learning datasets to uncover when machine learning techniques outperformed rudimentary logistic regression models and so are potentially well-equipped to enhance them. We illustrate a software package,InteractionTransformer, which embeds logistic regression with advanced model building capacity by using machine learning algorithms to extract candidate interaction features from a random forest model for inclusion in the model. Finally, we apply our enhanced logistic regression analysis to two real-word biomedical examples, one where predictors vary linearly with the outcome and another with extensive second-order interactions.ResultsPreliminary statistical analysis demonstrated that across 556 benchmark datasets, the random forest approach significantly outperformed the logistic regression approach. We found a statistically significant increase in predictive performance when using hybrid procedures and greater clarity in the association with the outcome of terms acquired compared to directly interpreting the random forest output.ConclusionsWhen a random forest model is closer to the true model, hybrid statistical-machine learning procedures can substantially enhance the performance of statistical procedures in an automated manner while preserving easy interpretation of the results. Such hybrid methods may help facilitate widespread adoption of machine learning techniques in the biomedical setting.
Notch ligand Dll4 impairs cell recruitment into aortic clusters and limits hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Porcheri Cristina , Golan Ohad , Calero-Nieto Fernando J. , Thambyrajah Roshana , Ruiz-Herguido Cristina , Wang Xiaonan , Catto Francesca , Guillen Yolanda , Sinha Roshani , González Jessica , Kinston Sarah J. , Mariani Samanta A. , Maglitto Antonio , Vink Chris , Dzierzak Elaine , Charbord Pierre , Göttgens Bertie , Espinosa Lluis , Sprinzak David , Bigas Anna 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from the hemogenic endothelium in cluster structures that protrude into the embryonic aortic lumen. Although much is known about the molecular characteristics of the developing hematopoietic cells, we lack a complete understanding of their origin and the three-dimensional organization of the niche. Here we use advanced live imaging techniques of organotypic slice cultures, clonal analysis, and mathematical modelling to show the two-step process of intra-aortic hematopoietic cluster (IACH) formation. First, a hemogenic progenitor buds up from the endothelium and undergoes division forming the monoclonal core of the IAHC. Next, surrounding hemogenic cells are recruited into the IAHC, increasing their size and heterogeneity. We identified the Notch ligand Dll4 as a negative regulator of the recruitment phase of IAHC. Blocking of Dll4 promotes the entrance of new hemogenic Gfi1+ cells into the IAHC and increases the number of cells that acquire HSC activity. Mathematical modelling based on our data provides estimation of the cluster lifetime and the average recruitment time of hemogenic cells to the cluster under physiologic and Dll4-inhibited conditions.
Mitochondrial phylogeography reveals high diversity and unique divergent lineage in Indian Dugongs (Dugong dugon)
Authors: Srinivas Yellapu , Pande Anant , Gole Swapnali , Prem Jothi P.V.R. , Madhu Magesh K. , Pathan Sameeha , Dudhat Sohini , Shekar Rukmini , Kukadia Devanshi , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony , Mondol Samrat , Sivakumar Kuppusamy 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIndia plays a central role in dugong conservation by hosting the largest population within south Asia. Current knowledge on status of Indian dugongs is limited due to paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generates mitochondrial control region sequences from about 10% of dugong population from major dugong populations within India. These data was compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure and genetic diversity of Indian populations.Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising south Asia, northwest Indian ocean and southwest Indian ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within south Asia.Within India, novel haplotypes were observed from all sampling sites with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85±0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005±0.001). Indian populations exhibit high genetic differentiation with higher within-population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%), signaling population structure. Few haplotypes were shared with Sri Lanka and southeast Asian populations, indicating potential genetic connectivity.Being the most genetically unique population within south Asia, Indian dugong populations are globally significant. We recommend that Indian Dugong populations should be managed as a Conservation Unit to ensure population recovery and long-term survival of the species.
ARP-T1 is a ciliogenesis protein associated with a novel ciliopathy in inherited basal cell cancer, Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome
Authors: Park Hyun-Sook , Papanastasi Eirini , Blanchard Gabriela , Chiticariu Elena , Bachmann Daniel , Plomann Markus , Morice-Picard Fanny , Vabres Pierre , Smahi Asma , Huber Marcel , Pich Christine , Hohl Daniel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTActin-Related Protein-Testis1 (ARP-T1)/ACTRT1gene mutations cause the Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome (BDCS) characterized by follicular atrophoderma, hypotrichosis and basal cell cancer. Here, we report an ARP-T1 interactome (PXD016557) involved in ciliogenesis, endosomal recycling and septin ring formation. Consequently, ARP-T1 localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and the basal body of primary cilia in G0. Tissue samples from BDCS patients show reduced ciliary length with significant correlations of ARP-T1 expression levels, confirmed byACTRT1knock down. We report that BDCS is a novel ciliopathy and the first case of a skin cancer ciliopathy, where ARP-T1 plays a critical role to prevent pathogenesis.
A long noncoding RNA acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of heat shock protein 70 kDa synthesis in the cold hardyDiamesa tonsaunder heat shock
Authors: Bernabò P. , Viero G , Lencioni V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCold stenothermal insects living in glacier-fed streams are stressed by temperature variations resulting from glacial retreat during global warming. The molecular aspects of insect response to environmental stresses remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to expand our knowledge of how a cold stenothermal organism controls gene expression at the transcriptional, translational, and protein level under warming conditions. Using the chironomidDiamesa tonsaas target species and a combination of RACE, qPCR, polysomal profiling, western blotting, and bioinformatics techniques, we discovered a new molecular pathway leading to previously overlooked adaptive strategies to stress. We obtained and characterized the complete cDNA sequences of three heat shock inducible 70 (hsp70) and two members of heat-shock cognate 70 (hsc70). Strikingly, we showed that a novel pseudo-hsp70 gene encoding a putative long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) which is transcribed during thermal stress, acting as a ribosome sponge to provide post-transcriptional control of HSP70 protein levels. The expression of the pseudo-hsp70 gene and its function suggest the existence of a new and unexpected mechanism to cope with thermal stress: lowering the pace of protein production to save energy and optimize resources for recovery.
Global analysis reveals complex demographic responses of mammals to climate change
Authors: Paniw Maria , James Tamora , Archer C. Ruth , Römer Gesa , Levin Sam , Compagnoni Aldo , Che-Castaldo Judy , Bennett Joanne M. , Mooney Andrew , Childs Dylan Z. , Ozgul Arpat , Jones Owen R. , Burns Jean H. , Beckerman Andrew P. , Patwary Abir , Sanchez-Gassen Nora , Knight Tiffany M. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTApproximately 25 % of mammals are threatened globally with extinction, a risk that is amplified under climate change1. Persistence under climate change is determined by the combined effects of climatic factors on multiple demographic rates (survival, development, reproduction), and hence, on population dynamics2. Thus, to quantify which species and places on Earth are most vulnerable to climate-driven extinction, a global understanding of how demographic rates respond to climate is needed3. We synthesise information on such responses in terrestrial mammals, where extensive demographic data are available4. Given the importance of assessing the full spectrum of responses, we focus on studies that quantitatively link climate to multiple demographic rates. We identify 106 such studies, corresponding to 86 mammal species. We reveal a strong mismatch between the locations of demographic studies and the regions and taxa currently recognised as most vulnerable to climate change5,6. Moreover, we show that the effects of climate change on mammals will operate via complex demographic mechanisms: a vast majority of mammal populations display projected increases in some demographic rates but declines in others. Assessments of population viability under climate change therefore need to account for multiple demographic responses. We advocate to prioritise coordinated actions to assess mammal demography holistically for effective conservation worldwide.
Transcriptome-based design of antisense inhibitors re-sensitizes CREE. colito carbapenems
Authors: Aunins Thomas R. , Erickson Keesha E. , Chatterjee Anushree 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarbapenems are a powerful class of antibiotics, often used as a last-resort treatment to eradicate multidrug-resistant infections. In recent years, however, the incidence of carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE) has risen substantially, and the study of bacterial resistance mechanisms has become increasingly important for antibiotic development. Although much research has focused on genomic contributors to carbapenem resistance, relatively few studies have examined CRE pathogens through changes in gene expression. In this research, we used transcriptomics to study a CREEscherichia coliclinical isolate that is sensitive to meropenem but resistant to ertapenem, to both explore carbapenem resistance and identify novel gene knockdown targets for carbapenem re-sensitization. We sequenced total and small RNA to analyze gene expression changes in response to treatment with ertapenem or meropenem, as compared to an untreated control. Significant expression changes were found in genes related to motility, maltodextrin metabolism, the formate hydrogenlyase complex, and the general stress response. To validate these transcriptomic findings, we used our lab’s Facile Accelerated Specific Therapeutic (FAST) platform to create antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNA), gene-specific molecules designed to inhibit protein translation. FAST PNA were designed to inhibit the pathways identified in our transcriptomic analysis, and each PNA was then tested in combination with each carbapenem to assess its effect on the antibiotics’ minimum inhibitory concentrations. We observed significant treatment interaction with five different PNAs across six PNA-antibiotic combinations. Inhibition of the geneshycA,dsrB, andbolAwere found to re-sensitize CREE. colito carbapenems, whereas inhibition of the genesflhCandygaCwas found to confer added resistance. Our results identify new resistance factors that are regulated at the level of gene expression, and demonstrate for the first time that transcriptomic analysis is a potent tool for designing antibiotic PNA.
BrIM and UAS for bridge inspections and management
Authors: Xu Yiye , Turkan Yelda 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel and systematic framework for bridge inspection and management to improve the efficiency in current practice.

Design/methodology/approach
A new framework that implements camera-based unmanned aerial systems (UASs) with computer vision algorithms to collect and process inspection data, and Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) to store and manage all related inspection information is proposed. An illustrative case study was performed using the proposed framework to test its feasibility and efficiency.

Findings
The test results of the proposed framework on an existing bridge verified that: high-resolution images captured by an UAS enable to visually identify different types of defects, and detect cracks automatically using computer vision algorithms, the use of BrIM enable assigning defect information on individual model elements, manage all bridge data in a single model across the bridge life cycle. The evaluation by bridge inspectors from 12 states across the USA demonstrated that all of the identified problems, except for being subjective, can be improved using the proposed framework.

Practical implications
The proposed framework enables to: collect and document accurate bridge inspection data, reduce the number of site visits and avoid data overload and facilitate a more efficient, cost-effective and safer bridge inspection process.

Originality/value
This paper contributes a novel and systematic framework for the collection and integration of inspection data for bridge inspection and management. The findings from the case study suggest that the proposed framework should help improve current bridge inspection and management practice. Furthermore, the difficulties experienced during the implementation are evaluated, which should be helpful for improving the efficiency and the degree of automation of the proposed framework further.
Work social support, work engagement and their impacts on multiple performance outcomes
Authors: Talebzadeh Niusha , Karatepe Osman M. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a research model in which work engagement (WE) mediates the influence of work social support on job satisfaction (JS), in-role performance (IRP), creative performance (CP) and extra-role performance (ERP).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from cabin attendants via three surveys two weeks apart and their pursers. The aforesaid relationships were assessed through structural equation modeling.FindingsIn general, there is support for the preponderance of hypotheses. Specifically, WE completely mediates the impact of coworker support on JS and IRP, while the impact of supervisor support on CP is completely mediated by WE. WE partly mediates the effect of coworker support on CP and ERP. Furthermore, the effect of supervisor support on JS, IRP and ERP is partly mediated by WE.Practical implicationsManagement should make sure that the work environment consists of supportive supervisors and coworkers who are trained on how they can enhance the cooperation and collaboration among employees. Management should also create an employee platform where cabin attendants can contribute to service delivery process by sharing their experiences arising from passenger requests and problems.Originality/valueThe study extends and contributes to the current service research by assessing the impact of WE simultaneously on three performance outcomes. The study adds to current knowledge by investigating the mediating mechanism linking work social support to the attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. The study also controls the threat of common method variance with at least two procedural remedies, which have been rarely used in the current service research.
Post Syrian-war material recovery, reuse and transformation in the Old City of Aleppo
Authors: Kousa Christine , Pottgiesser Uta 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Eight years of civil war in Syria severely impacted the historic core of Aleppo, with about 30 percent of its buildings completely destroyed and huge amounts of debris generated. This paper proposes recovery strategies for some of the most badly damaged sites in the city through material reuse and transformation, one of the goals of which is to ensure the continuity of the city’s urban cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to presents not only risks but also opportunities with respect to the integration of technologies to support recovery and reconstruction.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyzes the current situation in the Old City of Aleppo by identifying the most seriously damaged sites, namely those that have sustained damage to between 80 and 100 percent of the site. It reviews comparable international post-disaster examples and investigates appropriate options for dealing with the damage caused by the war and the management of debris, with consideration given to minimal intervention, the retention of structural integrity, technology and the integration of historic materials within new components and buildings. The methodology has relied on research through field work, including interviews with stakeholders in Aleppo.

Findings
The paper proposes two strategies to guide post-war rebuilding and conservation efforts in the Old City of Aleppo through: the creation of new multi-purpose, public open spaces and the use of debris in the repair of buildings and construction of new components and buildings, including infrastructure for solar panels within the new public spaces.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the development of a post-civil war sustainable material recovery approach for the Old City of Aleppo and for Syria more generally, where a disaster waste management strategy is still in development.
Promoting strategic performance through strategic orientation and strategic renewal
Authors: Shah Hassan Ahmed , Yasir Muhammad , Majid Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Javed Asad 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which strategic orientation (SO) and strategic renewal (SR) could create the possibility for improving strategic performance (SP). The indirect effect of SO was also tested in this study. Furthermore, by using the moderated mediation model, the authors also investigated the moderating role of organizational ambidexterity (OA).Design/methodology/approachThe results of this cross-sectional study are based on a survey conducted on 1,430 owner/managers of SMEs. To analyze the relationship among variables, this study used descriptive, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression approach.FindingsResults revealed that SO positively affects SR and SP in SMEs. Furthermore, the mediating role of SR between the relationships of SO and SP was also confirmed. Moreover, OA strengthens the connection between SO, SR and SP.Practical implicationsThe current study provides new insights for strategic planning and management by focusing on SO along with its different dimensions. Therefore, it provides new guidelines and a roadmap that would be helpful in achieving the objectives of SP.Originality/valueThe study makes significant contributions to the extant literature by adding new knowledge about the positive impact of SO on SP. Moreover, with the analysis of mediating role of SR in this relationship, the study has made significant addition to the existing literature on SP. Furthermore, moderated mediation model adds value to the existing body of knowledge.