bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The price of justice: Cost neglect increases criminal punishment recommendations
Authors: Aharoni Eyal , Kleider‐Offutt Heather M. , Brosnan Sarah F. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeAt what cost to society are we willing to punish criminal offenders, and how does our awareness of those costs impact our support for punitive measures? In a nationally distributed sample of 191 Internet users, we examined the elasticity of punishment in response to information about the direct material cost of incarceration.MethodsUsing an experimental vignette method with a within‐subjects design, we manipulated the salience of the direct costs (low, high, or externalized) and the expected cost size (from low to high across eight intervals).ResultsAs predicted, (1) when costs were made salient, cost increases reduced punishments, consistent with rational economic principles, (2) but when costs were not salient, punishments reached levels indistinguishable from those made under personally cost‐free conditions. (3) Cluster analysis revealed the operation of at least three distinct punishment types: punishments that were relatively harsh even at high cost, as predicted by a conservative, deontological stance; those that were relatively lenient and similarly inelastic, as predicted by a politically liberal deontological stance, and those that decreased with cost increases, as predicted by a politically moderate, consequentialist stance.ConclusionsOur results suggest that judgements about the utility of punishment are shaped by competing ideological and rational strategies, and how people trade off between these strategies depends in part on cost salience. We discuss the implications of these findings for discourse on transparency in sentencing.
An Ethic of Refusal: Simone Weil and the Choice of the Lesser ‘Lesser Evil’
Authors: Stone Lucian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn “On the Abolition of All Political Parties,” Simone Weil poses the hypothetical predicament of a person who is intent on solving highly complex mathematical problems but is flogged every time the answer he arrives at is an even number. The person will oscillate between his genuine desire for the truth and the painful cries of his body. “[I]nevitably,” Weil writes, “he will make many mistakes—even if he happens to be very intelligent, very brave and deeply attached to the truth.” She then asks: “What should he do?” Weil’s answer may surprise many readers, even though she claims it is “simple.” If possible, “he must run away” from those who wield the whip. It would have been best, she avers, had he avoided these associations in the first place. Elsewhere in her writings, Weil openly endorses the argument for the lesser evil, justifying active, potentially violent, resistance instead of a pacifist ethic of refusal. This essay analyses the tension between Weil’s ethic of “running away” and her acceptance of the lesser evil.
Nitrate‐inducible NIGT1 proteins modulate phosphate uptake and starvation signalling via transcriptional regulation of SPX genes
Authors: Ueda Yoshiaki , Kiba Takatoshi , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryNitrogen and phosphorus are two major soil nutrients required for plant growth. Because requirements of both these elements are interdependent, acquisition of one must be balanced with that of the other. However, the mechanism underlying this balanced acquisition remains unclear. Here, we show by in vivo luciferase imaging that the presence of nitrogen sources is a pre‐requisite for strong activation of phosphate starvation responses. In addition, we also show that nitrate rather than ammonium is a potent modulator of phosphate starvation‐induced gene expression. Furthermore, protoplast‐based transient expression assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrate that NIGT1 GARP‐type transcriptional repressors, which are encoded by nitrate‐inducible genes, directly bind to and repress the promoters of genes encoding SPX proteins. Consistent with the role of SPX proteins in the suppression of the PHR1 transcriptional activator, the master regulator for phosphate starvation responses, nitrate‐dependent enhancement of phosphate starvation responses, such as accumulation of anthocyanin and promotion of root hair growth and phosphate uptake, was less evident in the nigt1.1–nigt1.4 quadruple mutant. Consistently, NIGT1 overexpression alleviated the reduction in phosphate uptake under phosphate‐replete conditions. We further reveal the intricate feedback regulations involving PHR1, NIGT1, and SPX family proteins in the phosphate starvation signalling network. Importantly, results of mutant protoplast‐based assays and in planta analysis using NIGT1 overexpression in the spx1 spx2 double mutant indicated that the NIGT1–SPX–PHR cascade mediates nitrogen status‐responsive regulation of phosphate uptake and starvation signalling. These findings uncover the mechanism underlying the balanced acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Walz Jillian Z. , Desai Noopur , Van Asselt Nathaniel , Poirier Valerie J. , Hansen Katherine , Selmic Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNo standard of care is currently recognized for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC). This retrospective study assesses outcome following definitive‐intent, intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (RT) in dogs with PC. Medical records review was performed, including 18 patients from four institutions undergoing definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to treat PC. Diagnosis was incidental in 7/18 (39%) patients. Five dogs (28%) had evidence of metastasis to loco‐regional lymph nodes at diagnosis. Seventeen patients received concurrent non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; 15/18 (83%) patients received maximally‐tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy, with variable drugs and protocols employed. Total prescribed radiation dose ranged from 48 to 54 Gy (median 50 Gy) delivered as daily doses of 2.5‐2.8 Gy. One patient was euthanized prior to completing radiotherapy. Acute toxicity was observed in nine patients; Grade 1‐2 diarrhoea was the most common toxicity observed. Suspected late toxicity (urethral stricture, ureteral stricture and hindlimb oedema) was observed in three patients. Median event‐free survival (EFS) following RT was 220 days, and median overall survival was 563 days. Local progression occurred in seven patients at a median of 241 days. Median overall survival was significantly longer in incidentally diagnosed dogs (581 vs 220 days in symptomatic dogs,P= .042). EFS was significantly longer in patients treated with MTD chemotherapy (241 vs 25 days,P< .001), and significantly shorter in patients presenting with evidence of metastatic disease (109 days) vs those without (388 days,P= .008). These findings suggest that definitive‐intent radiotherapy is a valuable treatment option for local control of canine PC with moderate risk of toxicity.
Sarcoma de Kaposi faríngeo: presentación de un caso
Authors: Izquierdo Gracia Daniel Fernando , Vallajo Ángel Juana María 
Published: December 2019

El artículo reseña un caso clínico de un hombre de 52 años de edad, con infección por HIV, quien presenta la aparición de una masa exofítica en el paladar blando y la base de la lengua. Esta lo llevó a un cuadro de disfagia y dificultad respiratoria progresiva, manejada de urgencias con traqueostomía y gastrostomía. El servicio de patología reportó una afectación tumoral por sarcoma de Kaposi.
Prevalencia de Salmonella ssp. (no tifoideas) en el Departamento de Nariño, Colombia 2011
Authors: Guerra Moreno Adriana , Trejo Moncayo Sadith , Caranguay María , Paz Martha Cecilia , Ibarra Mario Alonso , Trujillo-Montalvo Elizabeth , Hidalgo Patiño Carlos Alberto , Rocha-Buelvas Anderson 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de Salmonella ssp. (no tifoideas) en el Departamento de Nariño en superficies que entran en contacto con carne, productos y derivados cárnicos, en expendios, vehículos y manipuladores.Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal a partir de la recolección de una muestra y análisis en laboratorio.Resultados: Las superficies inertes y vivas en contacto presentan una moderada prevalencia de Salmonella spp., especialmente en los municipios de Pupiales y Puerres.Conclusiones: A pesar de la vigilancia epidemiológica y de que los establecimientos cuentan con los permisos sanitarios, se incumplen las medidas sanitarias y hay una considerable presencia de Salmonella spp.
Research on Closed-Loop Safety Production System of Hot Oil Pipeline Based on Big Data Mining
Authors: Tao Yu , Chuanxian Li , Lijun Liu , Hongjun Chen , Peng Guo , Wanyu Zheng , Wenping Dai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The process of long-distance hot oil pipeline is complicated, and its safety and optimization are contradictory. In actual production and operation, the theoretical calculation model of oil temperature along the pipeline has some problems, such as large error and complex application. This research relies on actual production data and uses big data mining algorithms such as BP neural network, ARMA, seq2seq to establish oil temperature prediction model. The prediction result is less than 0.5 C, which solves the problem of accurate prediction of dynamic oil temperature during pipeline operation. Combined with pigging, the friction prediction model of standard pipeline section is established by BP neural network, and then the economic pigging period of 80 days is given; and after the friction database is established, the historical friction data are analyzed by using the Gauss formula, and 95% of the friction is set as the threshold data to effectively monitor the variation of the friction due to the long period of waxing in pipelines. The closed loop operation system of hot oil pipeline safety and optimization was formed to guide the daily process adjustment and production arrangement of pipeline with energy saving up to 92.4%. The prediction model and research results based on production big data have good adaptability and generalization, which lays a foundation for future intelligent control of pipelines.
Air Solubility Measurements and Modeling of Brake Fluids
Authors: Eisele Andreas , Sagmeister Simon , Schneider Michael , Lienkamp Markus 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the air solubility of hydraulic oils with specific application in polyglycol based brake fluids. An Extensive literature research revealed a lack of data on the thermodynamic solubility properties of brake fluids. A derivation of the searched quantities cannot be obtained from the values given for hydraulic oils because of the deviation in components. Absolute values and relations to state variables, such as temperatures, have not yet been stated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate these unknown correlations using empirical measurements.
A test rig was designed for isobar absorption testing. The quasi-stationary test results confirm Henrys Law. Furthermore the solubility is presented as a function of temperature and water content and a phenomenological model of the Bunsen coefficient is derived. It is apparent that the impact of temperature is inverse to that of common fluids such as water or some alcohols.
Active Ride Control for Construction Machines Based on Pressure Feedback
Authors: Madau Riccardo , Vacca Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Typically, off-road construction machines are not equipped with suspensions at the wheel axles. This has led to alternative concepts that uses the working implement to mitigate the vibration transmitted to the cabin. The most common solutions are based on passive ride control (PRC) methods. A PRC usually requires a hydraulic accumulator and dissipating valves properly connected to the working hydraulics. In this way, the PRC is able to dissipate the fluid energy and damp the oscillations of the pressure inside the hydraulic actuators, with clear benefits on the machine vibration. This paper focuses instead on an active ride control (ARC) methodology, which controls the working hydraulic motion to counter-reach the machine vibrations, avoiding the use of an accumulator.
The paper addresses the main challenge of designing the controller for the ARC for the reference case of a wheel loader. A high pass pressure filter control with pressure feedback is proposed for this application. The controller is first studied in a simulation model and then validated through experiments on a stock machine.
The bandwidth limitation of the standard hydraulic system does not permit to achieve the same performance of a state-of-art PRC system considered as baseline. Notwithstanding, the experimental results on the proposed ARC shows significant improvements with respect to a case where no controller is used. Moreover, the proposed method could be applied with more effectiveness in hydraulic systems with higher dynamic response.
Nonlinear Model-Based Control Design for a Hydraulically Actuated Spherical Wrist
Authors: Mustalahti Pauli , Mattila Jouni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Anthropomorphic hydraulic manipulator arms are extensively utilized for moving heavy loads in many industrial domains, e.g., in off-shore, construction and mining. By equipping these manipulator arms with an additional 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) spherical wrist mechanism, the dexterity and working envelope of the manipulator can be increased. For versatile operations, the motion range for the hydraulic wrist actuators should be close to 360 degrees with high torque output, with a compact volumetric size. Although the wrist can provide a high power-to-weight ratio, the actuators also introduce significant non-linearities in their dynamic behaviors. The complex dynamic behavior combined with high loads yield significant challenges in closed-loop control design. In this paper, we design a novel subsystem-dynamics-based controller for a hydraulically actuated spherical wrist mechanism utilizing the virtual decomposition control (VDC) approach. The proposed 3-DOF wrist controller is designed to be modular; thus, it can be connected as an plug-and-play subsystem into our previously designed state-of-the-art controller for a 3-DOF hydraulic manipulator arm. Stability proof of the overall 6-DOF system is provided. Experiments with a full-scale commercial hydraulic manipulator arm equipped with the 3-DOF spherical wrist demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Danfoss Digital Displacement® Excavator: Test Results and Analysis
Authors: Budden Joseph J. , Williamson Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is a long trend in off-highway vehicles toward higher energy efficiency and electro-hydraulic control. Digital pumps and motors are poised to become a significant enabling technology in this trend. This paper analyzes a 20-tonne tracked excavator that was equipped with digital displacement pumps and evaluated for efficiency and productivity. Previous research by Artemis Intelligent Power demonstrated improvements compared to a conventional, negative flow control excavator hydraulic system. With support from Artemis, the Danfoss Digital Displacement Excavator (DDE) is a step forward in terms of technology and commercial readiness. DDE is based on a CAT 320 next-generation excavator with completely electronic controls and advanced sensor and operator-assistance features. In before/after testing, DDE showed 15% higher productivity (in meters of trench per hour) and 13% higher efficiency (in meters per liter of fuel) for a trench digging cycle. Static pump efficiency is only part of the story; dynamic response and controllability contributed to the measured performance gains. Potential causes for variation in measurement were analyzed including operator variation, flow variation, and machine response.
Analysis of caesareansection and neonatal outcome using the Robson classification in a rural district hospital in Tanzania: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Tognon Francesca , Borghero Angela , Putoto Giovanni , Maziku Donald , Torelli Giovanni Fernando , Azzimonti Gaetano , Betran Ana Pilar 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveCaesarean section (CS) rates have increased worldwide in recent decades. In 2015, the WHO proposed the use of the 10-group Robson classification as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates both within healthcare facilities over time and between them. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of CS rates according to the Robson classification and describe maternal and perinatal outcomes by group at the Tosamaganga Hospital in rural Tanzania.DesignObservational retrospective study.SettingSt. John of the Cross Tosamaganga Hospital, a referral centre in rural Tanzania.Participants3012 women who gave birth in Tosamaganga Hospital from 1 January to 30 June 2014 and from 1 March to 30 November 2015.ResultsThe overall CS rate was 35.2%, and about 90% of women admitted for labour were in Robson groups 1 through 5. More than 40% of the CS carried out in the hospital were performed on nulliparous women at term with a single fetus in cephalic presentation (groups 1 and 3), and the most frequent indication for the procedure was previous uterine scar (39.2%). The majority of severe neonatal outcomes were observed in groups 1 (27.7%), 10 (24.5%) and 3 (19.1%).ConclusionWe recorded a high CS rate in Tosamaganga Hospital, particularly in low-risk patients groups (Robson groups 1 and 3). Our analysis of Robson classification and neonatal outcomes suggests the need to improve labour management at the hospital and to provide timely referrals in order to prevent women from arriving there in critical conditions.
What predicts regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation following a primary care nurse-delivered dietary intervention? A study protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Coppell Kirsten , Freer Trish , Abel Sally , Whitehead Lisa , Tipene-Leach David , Gray Andrew R , Merriman Tony , Sullivan Trudy , Krebs Jeremy , Perreault Leigh 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionPre-diabetes is a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Regression to normoglycaemia, even if transient, significantly reduces the risk of developing T2DM. The primary aim of this mixed-methods study is to determine if there are clinically relevant differences among those with pre-diabetes and excess weight who regress to normoglycaemia, those who have persistent pre-diabetes and those who progress to T2DM following participation in a 6-month primary care nurse-delivered pre-diabetes dietary intervention. Incidence of T2DM at 2 years will be examined.Methods and analysisFour hundred participants with pre-diabetes (New Zealand definition glycated haemoglobin 41–49 mmol/mol) and a body mass index >25 kg/m2 will be recruited through eight primary care practices in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. Trained primary care nurses will deliver a 6-month structured dietary intervention, followed by quarterly reviews for 18 months post-intervention. Clinical data, data on lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and blood samples will be collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. Sixty participants purposefully selected will complete a semi-structured interview following the 6-month intervention. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and clustered by practice will be used to identify predictors of regression or progression at 6 months, and risk factors for developing T2DM at 2 years. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Changes in HR-QoL will be described and potential cost savings will be estimated from a funder’s perspective at 2 years.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee, New Zealand (Ethics Reference: 17/NTA/24). Study results will be presented to participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000591358; Pre-results.
Atlas motion platform split-axle mecanum wheel design
Authors: Schwering Jane M. , Kanevsky Mila J.E. , Hayes M. John D. , Langlois Robert G. 
Published: December 2019

The Atlas motion platform was conceptually introduced in 2005 as a 2.90 m diameter thin-walled composite sphere housing a cockpit. Three active mecanum wheels provide three linearly independent torque inputs enabling the sphere to enjoy a 100% dexterous reachable workspace with unbounded rotations about any axis. Three linearly independent translations of the sphere centre, decoupled from the orientation workspace, are provided by a translational three degree-of-freedom platform. Small-scale and half-scale demonstrators introduced in 2005 and 2009, respectively, gave us the confidence needed to begin the full-scale design. Actuation and control of the Atlas full-scale design is nearing completion; however, resolution of several details have proven extremely elusive. The focus of this paper is on the design path of the 24 passive mecanum wheels. The 12 passive wheels below the equator of the sphere help distribute the static and dynamic loads, while 12 passive wheels above the equator, attached to a pneumatically actuated halo, provide sufficient downward force so that the normal force between the three active wheel contact patches and sphere surface enable effective torque transfer. This paper details the issues associated with the original twin-hub passive wheels and the resolution of those issues with the current split-axle design. Results of static and dynamic load tests are discussed.
Depressive Symptoms After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Roth David L. , Haley William E. , Sheehan Orla C. , Liu Chelsea , Clay Olivio J. , Rhodes J. David , Judd Suzanne E. , Dhamoon Mandip 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
Persistent depression after ischemic stroke is common in stroke survivors and may be even higher in family caregivers, but few studies have examined depressive symptom levels and their predictors in patient and caregiver groups simultaneously.

Methods—
Stroke survivors and their family caregivers (205 dyads) were enrolled from the national REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) into the CARES study (Caring for Adults Recovering from the Effects of Stroke) ≈9 months after a first-time ischemic stroke. Demographically matched stroke-free dyads (N=205) were also enrolled. Participants were interviewed by telephone, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.

Results—

Significant elevations in depressive symptoms (
Ps
<0.03) were observed for stroke survivors (M=8.38) and for their family caregivers (M=6.42) relative to their matched controls (Ms=5.18 and 4.62, respectively). Stroke survivors reported more symptoms of depression than their caregivers (
P
=0.008). No race or sex differences were found, but differential prediction of depressive symptom levels was found across patients and caregivers. Younger age and having an older caregiver were associated with more depressive symptoms in stroke survivors while being a spouse caregiver and reporting fewer positive aspects of caregiving were associated with more depressive symptoms in caregivers. The percentage of caregivers at risk for clinically significant depression was lower in this population-based sample (12%) than in previous studies of caregivers from convenience or clinical samples.

Conclusions—
High depressive symptom levels are common 9 months after first-time ischemic strokes for stroke survivors and family caregivers, but rates of depressive symptoms at risk for clinical depression were lower for caregivers than previously reported. Predictors of depression differ for patients and caregivers, and standards of care should incorporate family caregiving factors.