bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear localization of the tyrosine kinase BMX mediates VEGFR2 expression
Authors: Liu Tingting , Li Yonghao , Su Hong , Zhang Haifeng , Jones Dennis , Zhou Huanjiao Jenny , Ji Weidong , Min Wang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are major contributors to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through the binding of VEGF ligands. We have previously shown that the bone marrow tyrosine kinase BMX is critical for inflammatory angiogenesis via its direct transactivation of VEGFR2. In the present study, we show that siRNA‐mediated silencing of BMX led to a significant decrease in the total levels of VEGFR2 mRNA and protein, without affecting their stability, in human endothelial cells (ECs). Interestingly, BMX was detected in the nuclei of ECs, and the SH3 domain of BMX was necessary for its nuclear localization. Luciferase assays showed a significant decrease in the Vegfr2 (kdr) gene promoter activity in ECs after BMX silencing, indicating that BMX is necessary for Vegfr2 transcription. In addition, we found that wild‐type BMX, but not a catalytic inactive mutant BMX‐K445R, promoted Vegfr2 promoter activity and VEGF‐induced EC migration and tube sprouting. Mechanistically, we show that the enhancement of Vegfr2 promoter activity by BMX was mediated by Sp1, a transcription factor critical for the Vegfr2 promoter. Loss of BMX significantly reduced Sp1 binding to the Vegfr2 promoter as assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Wild‐type BMX, but not a kinase‐inactive form of BMX, associated with and potentially phosphorylated Sp1. Moreover, a nuclear‐targeted BMX (NLS‐BMX), but not cytoplasm‐localized form (NES‐BMX), bound to Sp1 and augmented VEGFR2 expression. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel function of nuclear‐localized BMX in regulating VEGFR2 expression and angiogenesis, suggesting that BMX is a therapeutic target for angiogenesis‐related diseases.
Crosstalk between cancer‐associated fibroblasts and immune cells in cancer
Authors: An Yuanyuan , Liu Fengtian , Chen Ying , Yang Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple studies have shown that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumour progression, including carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis and the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Immune cells, including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and T cells, play a dual role in the tumour microenvironment. Although increasing research has focused on studying interactions between distinct cells in the tumour microenvironment, the complex relationships between CAFs and immune cells remain unclear and need further study. Here, we summarize our current understanding of crosstalk between CAFs and immune cells, which may help clarify their diagnostic and therapeutic value in tumour progression.
Evaluation of two different CAD‐CAM inlay‐onlays in a split‐mouth study: 2‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Coşkun Elif , Aslan Yılmaz U. , Özkan Yasemin K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical performance of hybrid ceramic inlay‐onlay restorations over a 2‐year period.Clinical ConsiderationsA total of 30 lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDC; control group) and 30 hybrid ceramic (HC; test group) inlay/onlay restorations were performed in 14 patients. Clinical evaluations were performed after 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of cementation according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, gingival index, and plaque index. The Friedman test was used for the significant difference in time and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for the determination of differences. The clinical parameters, gingival and plaque indexes differences in time were analyzed with Chi‐square test. No statistically significant difference (P > .05) was found between the two groups in the modified USPHS, gingival index, and plaque index evaluations, whether statistically significant differences were found within groups. The total survival rate was 100% for both groups after 2 years.ConclusionBased on the 2‐year data, the tested HC can be considered a reliable material for inlay/onlay restorations.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this in vivo study suggest that both resin nanoceramic materials and LDC materials have been successfully incorporated in treatments of inlay and onlay restorations. Short‐term results showed that resin nanoceramic materials can be counted as a good choice in inlay and onlay restorations in an effort to reduce the treatment time associated with ceramic firing processes.
Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization
Authors: Castrillo Pedro A. , Varela‐Dopico Catuxa , Ondina Paz , Quiroga María Isabel , Bermúdez Roberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFreshwater mussels of the order Unionida encyst into the fish mucosa to metamorphose and complete their life cycle, causing a parasitic disease known as glochidiosis. This parasitic stage represents a bottleneck for the survival of naiads, particularly for critically endangered species as Margaritifera margaritifera; however, little is known about the events occurring during this critical stage. Therefore, this study aimed to histologically characterize the development of M. margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon to get insight into the pathogenesis of this interaction. Fish exposed to glochidia were sampled during the first 44 days post‐exposure, and organs were observed by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. Glochidia attached to the gills by pinching the lamellar epithelium, whereupon an acute proliferative branchitis engulfed most of the larvae. However, during the first 14 days, a severe detachment of unviable glochidia occurred, associated with the presence of pleomorphic inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial degeneration. In the cases where larvae remained attached, a chronification of the lesions with none to scarce inflammation was observed. These results provide key information to better understand the complex host–parasite interaction during the early stages of glochidiosis and provide valuable information to optimize artificial rearing of naiads in conservation of threatened freshwater mussel populations.
Critical thinking disposition among hospital nurses in Japan: Impact of organizational versus personal factors
Authors: Futami Asako , Noguchi‐Watanabe Maiko , Mikoshiba Naoko , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimCritical thinking is vital in implementing evidence‐based practice. However, little is known about factors related to critical thinking among nurses in Japan. This study aims to comprehensively explore the organizational and personal factors related to critical thinking disposition among hospital nurses in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional, self‐administered questionnaire survey. Critical thinking was measured using the 33‐item Japanese Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. We asked nurse managers about organizational characteristics of hospitals/units and about their critical thinking disposition. We questioned staff nurses regarding personal characteristics, cultural construal of self, self‐esteem, perception of their work environment and workload, experiences of nursing research, and critical thinking disposition. We conducted multiple regression analysis to identify factors associated with staff nurses' critical thinking.ResultsWe analyzed data from 68 nurse managers and 986 staff nurses. The staff nurses' mean age was 37.6 years and 91% of the participants were female. Factors related to higher critical thinking were working in an emergency unit (β = .07, p = .040); having a bachelor's degree or higher qualification (β = .07, p = .030); having higher independent view of self (β = .22, p < .001), self‐esteem (β = .24, p < .001), and perceived workload (β = .10, p = .002); and training experience of nursing research in post‐licensure education (β = .15, p < .001).ConclusionsThe factors influencing critical thinking disposition are mainly related to personal characteristics or experiences. Providing research training for nurses may contribute to fostering critical thinking.
Idiopathic chronic diarrhea associated with dysbiosis in a captive cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Koo Bon‐Sang , Baek Seung Ho , Kim Green , Hwang Eun‐ha , Oh Hanseul , Son Yeonghoon , Lim Kyung Seob , Kang Philyong , Lee Hwal‐Yong , Jeong Kang‐Jin , Kim Young‐Hyun , Villinger Francois , Hong Jung‐Joo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic inflammatory enteric diseases occur commonly in humans and animals, especially in captive bred macaques. However, information about the etiology of idiopathic chronic inflammatory diarrhea in cynomolgus monkeys is limited. In this paper, we reported the unusual case of idiopathic chronic diarrhea in a captive cynomolgus monkey based on microbial, imaging, and microbiome examinations.
The Extremophile Endolithella mcmurdoensis gen. et sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorellaceae), A New Chlorella‐like Endolithic Alga From Antarctica
Authors: Martins Teresa P. , Ramos Vitor , Hentschke Guilherme S. , Castelo‐Branco Raquel , Rego Adriana , Monteiro Maria , Brito Ângela , Tamagnini Paula , Cary S. Craig , Vasconcelos Vitor , Krienitz Lothar , Magalhães Catarina , Leão Pedro N. 
Published: October 2019

The McMurdo Dry Valleys constitute the largest ice‐free region of Antarctica and one of the most extreme deserts on Earth. Despite the low temperatures, dry and poor soils and katabatic winds, some microbes are able to take advantage of endolithic microenvironments, inhabiting the pore spaces of soil and constituting photosynthesis‐based communities. We isolated a green microalga, Endolithella mcmurdoensis gen. et sp. nov, from an endolithic sandstone sample collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Victoria Land, East Antarctica) during the K020 expedition, in January 2013. The single non‐axenic isolate (E. mcmurdoensis LEGE Z‐009) exhibits cup‐shaped chloroplasts, electron‐dense bodies, and polyphosphate granules but our analysis did not reveal any diagnostic morphological characters. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA (SSU) gene, the isolate was found to represent a new genus within the family Chlorellaceae.
The AVR4 effector is involved in cercosporin biosynthesis and likely affects the virulence of Cercospora cf. flagellaris on soybean
Authors: Santos Rezende Josielle , Zivanovic Marija , Costa de Novaes Maria Izabel , Chen Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryOne of the most devastating fungal diseases of soybean in the southern USA is Cercospora leaf blight (CLB), which is caused mainly by Cercospora cf. flagellaris. Recent studies found that the fungal effector AVR4, originally identified in Cladosporium fulvum as a chitin‐binding protein, is highly conserved among other Cercospora species. We wanted to determine whether it is present in C. cf. flagellaris and, if so, whether it plays a role in the pathogen infection of soybean. We cloned the Avr4 gene and created C. cf. flagellaris ∆avr4 mutants, which produced little cercosporin and significantly reduced expression of cercosporin biosynthesis genes. The ∆avr4 mutants were also more sensitive to chitinase and showed reduced virulence on soybean compared to the wild‐type. The observed reduced virulence of C. cf. flagellaris ∆avr4 mutants on detached soybean leaves is likely due to reduced cercosporin biosynthesis. The phenotypes of reduced cercosporin production and cercosporin pathway gene expression, similar to those of the ∆avr4 mutants, were reproduced when wild‐type C. cf. flagellaris was treated with double‐stranded RNA targeting Avr4 in vitro. These two independent approaches demonstrated for the first time the direct involvement of AVR4 in the biosynthesis of cercosporin.
Clinico‐mycological study of onychomycosis in a tertiary care hospital—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kayarkatte Manasa N. , Singal Archana , Pandhi Deepika , Das Shukla 
Published: October 2019

SummaryOnychomycosis (OM), has a worldwide prevalence of 5% and 0.5%‐5% in India. Trichophyton. rubrum (T rubrum) and T mentagrophytes are the most commonly isolated fungi. As the clinical and mycological characteristics change with time and geographical region; it is important to study the temporal and topographic patterns periodically. The study was conducted to identify the epidemiological and clinico‐mycological characteristics of patients with OM attending a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Hundred patients with clinical diagnosis of OM were recruited. Among these, 88 patients who tested positive for OM on direct microscopy with KOH, culture and/or histopathology with periodic acid‐Schiff were included in the study. The clinico‐mycological characteristics and risk factors associated with OM were evaluated. OM was more common in males (M:F = 2.5:1). The mean age of patients with OM was 39 ± 15.3 years (SE 1.52) with mean disease duration of 27.6 ± 46.1 months (SE 4.9). Seventeen (19.3%) patients had concomitant diabetes mellitus. The patients displayed mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.67 ± 1.35 kg/sq m. Concurrent dermatophytosis of skin was present in 35 (39.77%) patients. Two feet‐one hand syndrome was present in 5 patients. Fingernail involvement without toenail involvement was more common than toenail involvement alone. (43.18% vs 38.63%). Distal and lateral subungual OM (DLSO) was the commonest clinical variant (81.8%). Mycological culture showed growth in 47 (53.40%) patients. Dermatophytes were isolated in majority, that is in 30 (63.82%) patients followed by non‐dermatophytic moulds (NDM) in 7 (14.8%) and Candida spp. in the remaining 10 (21.27%) patients.
Utility of the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to modified sham feeding in diabetic gastroenteropathy and non‐ulcer dyspepsia
Authors: Desai Anshuman , Low Phillip A. , Camilleri Michael , Singer Wolfgang , Burton Duane , Chakraborty Subhankar , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (ie, plasma pancreatic polypeptide [PP] response to modified sham feeding [MSF]) indices of vagal function is unclear. Hyperglycemia inhibits PP secretion via vagally mediated mechanisms. Our aims were to (a) compare the PP response, (b) its relationship with glycemia, and (c) the relationship between PP response to MSF, gastric emptying (GE) of solids, and symptoms during GE study in healthy controls, patients with diabetic gastroenteropathy (DM), and non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD).MethodsIn 24 healthy controls, 40 DM, and 40 NUD patients, we measured plasma PP concentrations during MSF, cardiovagal functions, GE, and symptoms during a GE study.Key ResultsBaseline PP concentrations were higher in DM than in controls and NUD (P = .01), and in type 2 than in type 1 DM patients (P < .01). The PP increment during MSF was normal (≥20 pg/mL) in 70% of controls, 54% of DM, and 47% of NUD patients. Overall, the PP response and cardiovagal tests were concordant (P = .01). Among patients with a reduced PP increment with MSF, 7/10 of T1DM and 1/7 of T2DM patients had moderate or severe cardiovagal dysfunctions (P < .05). The PP response to MSF was not associated with GE.Conclusions & InferencesUp to 30% of healthy controls have a reduced PP increment during MSF, limiting the utility of this test to detect vagal injury. The PP response is more useful when it is normal than abnormal. A reduced PP response is more likely to be associated with cardiovagal dysfunctions in T1DM than in T2DM.
Circadian gating of dark‐induced increases in chloroplast‐ and cytosolic‐free calcium in Arabidopsis
Authors: Martí Ruiz María Carmen , Jung Hyun Ju , Webb Alex A. R. 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Changes in the spatiotemporal concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]) in different organelles of the cell contribute to responses of plants to physiological and environmental stimuli. One example are [Ca2+] increases in the stroma of chloroplasts during light‐to‐dark transitions; however, the function and mechanisms responsible are unknown, in part because there is a disagreement in the literature concerning whether corresponding dark‐induced changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]cyt) can be detected.

We have measured changes in [Ca2+]cyt upon darkness in addition to the already known dark‐induced increases in [Ca2+]stroma in the aerial part of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant.

These [Ca2+]cyt transients depend on the photoperiod and time of day, peaking at anticipated dusk, and are superimposed on daily 24 h oscillations in [Ca2+]cyt. We also find that the magnitude of the dark‐induced increases in Ca2+ in both the cytosol and chloroplasts are gated by the nuclear circadian oscillator.

The modulation of the magnitude of dark‐induced increases in [Ca2+]stroma and [Ca2+]cyt by transcriptional regulators in the nucleus that are part of the circadian oscillator demonstrates a new role for the circadian system in subcellular Ca2+ signalling, in addition to its role in driving circadian oscillations of [Ca2+] in the cytosol and chloroplasts.
Associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring obesity risk later in life—A systematic literature review
Authors: Lamichhane Nishan , Olsen Nanna Julie , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Obel Carsten , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Händel Mina Nicole 
Published: October 2019

SummaryExposure to prenatal stress is linked to health consequences in the offspring. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and critically appraise primary human studies that have examined the association between prenatal exposure to psychosocial stress, or adverse life events, stress hormones, and later risk of developing obesity. We searched Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, WorldCat, and OpenGrey up to January 2019 to identify relevant literature. We critically appraised the identified studies, assessed their quality, and summarized their findings. From a total of 5930 search results and references of studies that authors considered pertinent, we identified 15 relevant studies among which three were of high quality and the rest were medium‐quality studies. We found direct association between exposure to stress in fetal life and different measures of obesity in the offspring in eight studies. The direct association was usually observed in studies that involved measurement of stress among mothers exposed to natural disasters. Due to lack of adequate and comparable data from the included studies, we did not conduct a meta‐analysis. We concluded that there may be direct association between prenatal stress and later obesity, but further research with more comparable sources of stressors is recommended.
Impacts of temperature on metabolic rates of adult Extatosoma tiaratum reared on different host plant species
Authors: Hill Sarah J. , Silcocks Sarah C. , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to balanced nutrition enables optimum health and development, body repair, fat storage, increased fecundity and longevity. In the present study, we assessed the responses of a generalist leaf feeder (the phasmid Extatosoma tiaratum) reared continuously on one of three host plants, tree lucerne (Chamaecyisus palmensis), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and Eucalyptus species, in a low fluctuating temperature environment until adulthood. Once all individuals reached adulthood, we exposed each individual to a ramping temperature event (starting at 25 °C and ramping the temperature at 0.25 °C min−1) and assessed their metabolic rates () responses at specific temperature 'bins' (25, 30, 35, 40 and 42 °C). Sex but not diet influenced respiration and metabolic rate. Male individuals, on average, had a higher than females. Sex and diet were significant influences on at different temperatures. Metabolic rates at lower temperatures were not affected by sex or diet type. At 35 °C, metabolic rates were influenced by sex and diet, with males reared on bramble and tree lucerne having a higher metabolic rate than females reared on the same foodplant, whereas Eucalypt reared animals showing an opposite trend. Lifetime egg production by females was 150% higher on bramble compared with the other host plants. Incorporating fluctuating temperature ranges into experiments will further help to understand the impact that thermal stress will have on the growth, development, performance and survival of insects in a more variable climatic and nutritional landscape.
Object‐oriented tracking of thematic and spatial behaviors of urban heat islands
Authors: Zhu Rui , Guilbert Éric , Wong Man Sing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModeling thematic and spatial dynamic behaviors of urban heat islands (UHIs) over time is important for understanding the evolution of this phenomenon to mitigate the warming effect in urban areas. Although previous studies conceptualized that a UHI only has a single life cycle with spatial behaviors, a UHI can be detected to appear and disappear several times periodically in terms of thematic and spatial integrated behaviors. Such multiple behaviors have not yet been illustrated with proof or evidence. This study conceptualizes a UHI as an object which has thematic and spatial behaviors simultaneously and proposes several graphs to depict periodic life‐cycle transitions triggered by behaviors. The conceptualized behaviors have been modeled and implemented in an object‐relational database management system and temperature readings collected from numerous weather stations were interpolated as temperature images per hour. The results of this study indicate that the model could track the spatial and thematic evolution of UHIs continuously and reveal their periodical patterns and abnormal cases.
Blood safety assessment of hepatitis A outbreak linked to frozen pomegranate arils: are foodborne outbreaks an emerging blood safety risk?
Authors: Styles Claire E. , Hoad Veronica C. , Kiely Philip , Seed Clive R. , Gosbell Iain B. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDFoodborne hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks are becoming more common in high‐income countries with low HAV incidence, and the associated blood safety risk may not be adequately mitigated by routine HAV risk mitigation strategies. This study describes the rapid risk modeling undertaken in response to a 2018 HAV outbreak in Australia associated with imported frozen pomegranate arils.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe input parameters used in the modeling were the outbreak‐associated HAV incidence, duration of viremia, population seroprevalence, and rate of symptomatic infection in adults. The number and risk of viremic components issued, cases of transfusion transmission, and symptomatic infections among recipients were estimated.RESULTSThe incidence of pomegranate‐associated HAV infection among donors was very low, with fewer than 0.1 viremic fresh components estimated to have been released during the risk period. The risk of this event was less than one in 500,000, and the risks of transfusion transmission and symptomatic illness in recipients were less than one in one million. When considering only donors who had consumed the pomegranate product, the risk was much higher, with approximately one in 1000 components estimated to be viremic.CONCLUSIONRapid risk assessment indicated that the overall risk to blood safety associated with a small foodborne outbreak of HAV was negligible. Because fresh components collected from donors known to have consumed the affected product were at high risk, these donors were identified via signage in donor centers and deferred. The contribution of factors other than outbreak size to risk management decisions is discussed.