bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse structure deep network embedding for transforming brain functional network in early mild cognitive impairment classification
Authors: Jiao Zhuqing , Jiao Tingxuan , Zhang Jiahao , Shi Haifeng , Wu Bona , Zhang Yu‐Dong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, it remains one of the most challenging issues to distinguish brain functional networks of early mild cognitive impairment subjects (eMCIs) and normal control subjects (NCs). Unlike images, functional networks are non‐Euclidean data and not easily classified by dilated convolutional neural network (DCNN). To address this problem, we developed a sparse structure deep network embedding (SSDNE) method which transforms brain functional networks into a double‐channel image in eMCI classification. First, the eigenvector of each node in the functional network was obtained by SSDNE, and principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to sort the importance of eigenvectors. Next, two eigenvector groups with the highest contribution rate were extracted in turn and divided into several equal‐length intervals along its direction respectively, and the numbers of nodes that fall into the intervals were counted to obtain the corresponding two‐dimensional histograms. Then, the both histograms were stacked up and down into a double‐channel image. Finally, a double‐channel image was input into DCNN for feature learning to achieve final classification results. Experimental results show that, SSDNE performed better in maintaining the original structure of brain functional networks, and the transformed double‐channel image achieved comparably identifying results on eMCI classification compared with other network embedding algorithms. This novel method solved the problem that brain functional networks cannot be directly applied to convolutional neural networks for feature extraction and classification. Meanwhile, it can provide a reference for the early auxiliary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Effects of dibenzothiophene, a sulfur‐containing heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and its alkylated congener, 2,4,7‐trimethyldibenzothiophene, on placental trophoblast cell function
Authors: Raez‐Villanueva Sergio , Perono Genevieve A. , Jamshed Laiba , Thomas Philippe J. , Holloway Alison C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWorldwide demand for petroleum products has resulted in increased oil and gas activities in many countries. Conventional and unconventional oil and gas extraction, production, and transport lead to increased levels of petroleum‐derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. PAH exposure has profound effects on reproduction by affecting pathways involved in placental trophoblast cell function and impairing normal placental development and function—key contributors to reproductive success. However, other components found in petroleum and wastewaters from oil and gas extraction, including the sulfur‐containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its alkylated derivatives, may also impact reproductive success. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of exposure to DBT, a compound commonly detected in the environment, and one of its alkylated analogues, 2,4,7‐trimethyldibenzothiophene (2,4,7‐DBT), on steroidogenic and angiogenic pathways critical for mammalian development in placental trophoblast cells (HTR‐8/SVneo cells). 2,4,7‐DBT but not DBT increased estradiol output in association with increased tube‐like formation (surrogate for angiogenesis). These changes in angiogenesis did not appear to be related to altered expression of the key placental angiogenic gene targets (ANGPTL4, VEGFA, and PGF). Neither compound showed a concentration related effect on progesterone synthesis or its receptor expression. Our results suggest that 2,4,7‐DBT can disrupt key pathways important for placental trophoblast function and highlight the importance of determining the impact of exposure to both parent and alkylated compounds. Further, these data suggest that exposure to sulfur‐containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds may lead to placental dysfunction and impact reproductive success at environmentally relevant levels.
Alumina‐toughened zirconia for dental applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, optical, and residual stress characterization after artificial aging
Authors: Bergamo Edmara T. P. , Cardoso Karina B. , Lino Lucas F. O. , Campos Tiago M. B. , Monteiro Kelli N. , Cesar Paulo F. , Genova Luis A. , Thim Gilmar P. , Coelho Paulo G. , Bonfante Estevam A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo characterize the physicomechanical properties of an alumina‐toughened zirconia (ATZ). ATZ synthesis consisted of the addition of alumina particles in an yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y‐TZP) matrix. Specimens were obtained by uniaxial and isostatic pressing ATZ and 3Y‐TZP powders and sintering at 1600°C/1 h and 1550°C/1 h, respectively. Crystalline content and residual stress were evaluated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were determined by reflectance test. Mechanical properties were assessed by biaxial flexural strength test. All analyses were performed before and after aging (134°C, 20 h, 2 bar). XRD and SEM revealed a typical ATZ and 3Y‐TZP crystalline content, chiefly tetragonal phase, with a dense polycrystalline matrix, though a smaller grain size for ATZ. Aging triggered a similar monoclinic transformation for both systems; however, ATZ exhibited higher residual compressive stresses than 3Y‐TZP. While as‐processed 3Y‐TZP demonstrated significantly higher characteristic strength relative to ATZ, no significant difference was observed after aging (~215 MPa increase in the ATZ strength). ATZ presented significantly higher opacity relative to 3Y‐TZP, although aging significantly increased the translucency of both systems (increase difference significantly higher in the 3Y‐TZP compared to ATZ). ATZ physicomechanical properties support its applicability in the dental field, with a lower detrimental effect of aging relative to 3Y‐TZP.
Aorto‐pulmonary window with absent ductus arteriosus—A case report
Authors: Santhanam Ramya , Balakrishnan Bijoy K. , Parasuram Meenu Batra , Patil Swapneel N. , Gopinathan Kannoly Karunakran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAorto‐pulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by the connection between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk before its bifurcation, just above the semilunar valves, due to the abnormal development of spiral septum. The short‐axis echocardiographic view of the right ventricular outflow track, the three‐vessel‐view, and the three‐vessel‐trachea view are the key planes for prenatal diagnosis. We report a case of APW with absent ductus arteriosus in a monochorionic twin, detected by prenatal echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally and corrective surgery was performed at the age of 1 week. Prenatal diagnosis of APW is essential, since surgical correction early after birth is required to prevent congestive heart failure secondary to high pulmonary blood flow.
Thoracic disk herniation diagnosed with an upper body traction procedure in the sitting position
Authors: Ishizuka Kosuke , Yokokawa Daiki , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 51‐year‐old man experienced sudden abdominal pain from the umbilicus to the right flank 5 days before his hospital visit. His abdominal pain disappeared when the examiner lifted his upper body in the sitting position. MRI revealed posterior intervertebral disc protrusion in the right paramedian region at the 9th/10th thoracic vertebrae. With the treatment, it is reported that traction is the appropriate initial approach for spine radiculopathy. Improvement with upper body traction performed in this case, which is a previously unreported maneuver, appears to be useful for diagnosis because it eliminates the influence of gravity and reduces intradiscal pressure.
Gastric xanthoma is correlated with early gastric cancer of previously Helicobacter pylori‐infected gastric mucosa
Authors: Shibukawa Narihiro , Ouchi Shohei , Wakamatsu Shuji , Wakahara Yuhei , Kaneko Akira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSuccessful Helicobacter pylori eradication has been shown to prevent the development of gastric cancer (GC), but clinical evidence for factors that correlate with GC of previously H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa (after eradication or natural disappearance) is limited. The purpose of our study was to identify these correlative factors.MethodsWe retrospectively examined data from patients with previously H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa. Data from 168 patients who developed early GC and underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (Group C) and 835 patients with no history of early GC (Group NC) were compared. We extracted data on gender; age; complications from malignant disease and diabetes mellitus; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification; and endoscopic characteristics of atrophy (open type), intestinal metaplasia, and gastric xanthoma (GX). Correlations were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients had GX in Group C than in Group NC. Age, male gender, ASA physical status classification of class III or higher, complications from malignant disease, atrophy (open type), and the presence of intestinal metaplasia and GX were identified as factors that correlated independently with GC (odds ratio = 3.65; 95% confidence interval = 2.37–5.61; P < 0.0001). Propensity score matching demonstrated that the prevalence of GC was also significantly higher in patients who were positive for GX (37.2% vs 18.3%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionGX was shown to correlate with early GC of previously H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa.
Epidemiology and precision of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection following lockdown and relaxation measures
Authors: Leuzinger Karoline , Gosert Rainer , Søgaard Kirstine K. , Naegele Klaudia , Bielicki Julia , Roloff Tim , Bingisser Roland , Nickel Christian H. , Khanna Nina , Sutter Sarah Tschudin , Widmer Andreas F. , Rentsch Katharina , Pargger Hans , Siegemund Martin , Stolz Daiana , Tamm Michael , Bassetti Stefano , Osthoff Michael , Battegay Manuel , Egli Adrian , Hirsch Hans H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesDetecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is key to the clinical and epidemiological assessment of CoVID‐19. We cross‐validated manual and automated high‐throughput testing for SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA, evaluated SARS‐CoV‐2 loads in nasopharyngeal–oropharyngeal swabs (NOPS), lower respiratory fluids, and plasma, and analyzed detection rates after lockdown and relaxation measures.MethodsBasel‐S‐gene, Roche‐E‐gene, and Roche‐cobas®6800‐Target1 and Target2 were prospectively validated in 1344 NOPS submitted during the first pandemic peak (Week 13). Follow‐up cohort (FUP) 1, 2, and 3 comprised 10,999, 10,147, and 19,389 NOPS submitted during a 10‐week period until Weeks 23, 33, and 43, respectively.ResultsConcordant results were obtained in 1308 cases (97%), including 97 (9%) SARS‐CoV‐2‐positives showing high quantitative correlations (Spearman's r > .95; p < .001) for all assays and high precision by Bland–Altman analysis. Discordant samples (N = 36, 3%) had significantly lower SARS‐CoV‐2 loads (p < .001). Following lockdown, detection rates declined to <1% in FUP‐1, reducing single‐test positive predictive values from 99.3% to 85.1%. Following relaxation, rates flared up to 4% and 12% in FUP‐2 and ‐3, but infected patients were younger than during lockdown (34 vs. 52 years, p < .001). In 261 patients providing 936 NOPS, SARS‐CoV‐2 loads declined by three orders of magnitude within 10 days postdiagnosis (p < .001). SARS‐CoV‐2 loads in NOPS correlated with those in time‐matched lower respiratory fluids or in plasma but remained detectable in some cases with negative follow‐up NOPS, respectively.ConclusionManual and automated assays significantly correlated qualitatively and quantitatively. Following a successful lockdown, declining positive predictive values require independent dual‐target confirmation for reliable assessment. Confirmatory and quantitative follow‐up testing should be obtained within <5 days and consider lower respiratory fluids in symptomatic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative NOPS.
Influence of starch fine structure and storage proteins on the eating quality of rice varieties with similar amylose contents
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhang Changquan , Yan Ying , Hu Zejun , Wang Kai , Zhou Jihua , Zhou Yong , Cao Liming , Wu Shujun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice eating quality largely dictates consumer preference, and the demand for new rice varieties with excellent eating quality from farmers is increasing. Identification of factors contributing to eating quality is helpful for developing high‐quality rice varieties.RESULTSTwo groups of rice with different apparent amylose content (AACs) were used in this study. One group contained four varieties with low AACs (8.8–9.4%), whereas the other contained four traditional varieties with medium AACs (17.2–17.5%). The physicochemical properties, starch fine structure and crystallinity and storage protein composition of the two groups were analyzed. We found that, in both groups, the rice varieties with high eating quality had more short‐chain amylopectin, lower glutelin and prolamin content, and a higher albumin content. In addition, the low‐AAC varieties produced opaque endosperms, which may result from an increased number of pores in the center of starch granules.CONCLUSIONSBoth the fine structure of starch and the storage protein composition were closely related to rice eating quality. In both groups, short branch‐chain amylopectin, short‐chain amylopectin [degree of polymerization (DP) 6–12], and albumin had positive effects on eating quality. By contrast, long branch‐chain amylopectin, long‐chain amylopectin (DP 35–60), glutelin and prolamin had adverse effects on eating quality of rice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modern aeolian desertification on the Tibetan Plateau under climate change
Authors: Li Jinchang , Yao Qi , Zhou Na , Li Feihong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau experienced severe aeolian desertification during the mid‐ and late 20th century, but mitigation of this aeolian desertification has occurred since 2000 despite a warming climate. The causes of aeolian desertiffication and its mitigation have been debated by scientists because of their potentially huge significance for PR China and Asia, as well as for global climate systems. Based on a review of previous studies and our own investigations, it appears that aeolian desertification from the 1970s to 2000 was caused primarily by unsustainable and irrational human activities, and its mitigation since the 2000 was mainly attributable to a warmer and wetter climate, combined with decreasing wind intensity, for the Plateau as a whole. However, the dominant factors for mitigation varied spatially. The Government's ecological protection projects have been implemented in some places with dense population, and played a key role in the mitigation in these places. The Plateau's climate will likely become warmer and wetter in the 21st century based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model simulations. If the simulation results are credible, mitigation of aeolian desertification will continue in the 21st century due to a combination of continuing grazing exclusion and rotational grazing, even without artificial revegetation.
Grafting of Poly(2‐Oxazoline) Side Chains from Polyester Containing Oxazoline Units and Their Blends with Water Soluble Vinyl Polymers
Authors: Fukaya Koki , Takasu Akinori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTernary polycondensation of thiomalic acid (TMA), adipic acid (ADA), and 1,5‐pentanediol (PD) at 80 °C proceeds to give polyester having pendent mercapto groups. After the mercapto groups are consumed quantitatively by a Michael addition with 2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline (IPOx) to create an initiation point for grafting, successive additions of methyl triflate (MeOTf) and 2‐oxazoline allow ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐oxazoline from the IPOx unit to give a graft copolymer with aMnof 2.2 × 104‐ 3.7 × 104and an molecular dispersity index (Mw/Mn = 1.9–2.6). The synthesized polyester‐based graft copolymer is water‐soluble and forms transparent blend films with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(N‐isopropy acrylamide) (PNIPAM) using solvent cast methods. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that blends with PVA (<30% of the graft copolymer) show a singleTgs over the whole composition range. All scans for the blends with PNIPAM have a singleTgs that is between those of the parent polymers indicating that the graft copolymer shows excellent miscibility with PNIPAM, although the parent polyester, poly(TMA‐alt‐PD)‐co‐poly (ADA‐alt‐PD) does not exhibit such miscibility.
Neuromelanin‐Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using DANTE Pulse
Authors: Oshima Sonoko , Fushimi Yasutaka , Okada Tomohisa , Nakajima Satoshi , Yokota Yusuke , Shima Atsushi , Grinstead John , Ahn Sinyeob , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been developed but currently require relatively long scan times.The aim of this study was to assess the ability of black‐blood delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation‐prepared T1‐weighted variable flip angle turbo spin echo (DANTE T1‐SPACE), which provides relatively high resolution with a short scan time, to visualize neuromelanin in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc).MethodsParticipants comprised 49 healthy controls and 25 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Contrast ratios of SNpc and hyperintense SNpc areas, which show pixels brighter than thresholds, were assessed between DANTE T1‐SPACE and T1‐SPACE in healthy controls. To evaluate the diagnostic ability of DANTE T1‐SPACE, the contrast ratios and hyperintense areas were compared between healthy and PD groups, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. We also compared areas under the curve (AUCs) between DANTE T1‐SPACE and the previously reported gradient echo neuromelanin (GRE‐NM) imaging. Each analysis was performed using original images in native space and images transformed into Montreal Neurological Institute space. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsDANTE T1‐SPACE showed significantly higher contrast ratios and larger hyperintense areas than T1‐SPACE. On DANTE T1‐SPACE, healthy controls showed significantly higher contrast ratios and larger hyperintense areas than patients with PD. Hyperintense areas in native space analysis achieved the best AUC (0.94). DANTE T1‐SPACE showed AUCs as high as those of GRE‐NM.ConclusionsDANTE T1‐SPACE successfully visualized neuromelanin of the SNpc and showed potential for evaluating PD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Metal oxide‐based gas sensors for the detection of exhaled breath markers
Authors: Vajhadin Fereshteh , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Amini Abbas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExhaled breath test is a typical disease monitoring method for replacing blood and urine samples that may create discomfort for patients. To monitor exhaled breath markers, gas biomedical sensors have undergone rapid progress for non‐invasive and point‐of‐care diagnostic devices. Among gas sensors, metal oxide‐based biomedical gas sensors have received remarkable attention owing to their unique properties, such as high sensitivity, simple fabrication, miniaturization, portability and real‐time monitoring. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances in chemoresistive metal oxide‐based gas sensors with ZnO, SnO2 and In2O3 as sensing materials for monitoring a range of exhaled breath markers (i.e., NO, H2, H2S, acetone, isoprene and formaldehyde). We focused on the strategies that improve the sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide‐based gas sensors. The challenges to fabricate a functional gas sensor with high sensing performance along with suggestions are outlined.
Mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites fabricated by introducing functional MWCNTs/barium titanate compounding dielectric nanofillers
Authors: Chen Lin , Huang Jiao , Yan Lei , Lin Hai Lan , Guo Yi , Zhang Zhao Xin , Zhang Xun Tao , Bian Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA facile strategy through incorporating barium titanate (BT)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) compounding dielectric nanofillers into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) via melt‐processing was proposed. Benefiting from the strong interfacial interactions between BT and MWCNTs, as well as oxygen‐containing groups of BT/MWCNTs and fluorine atoms of PVDF, the sandwiched structure was constructed and thus tailoring the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties of resultant nanocomposites. The effects of BT/MWCNTs multiscale dielectric nanofiller on the mechanical properties, heat resistance and dielectric properties of nanocomposites were investigated by infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope, tensile and dielectric tests. XRD and DSC analysis indicated that compared with neat PVDF, BT/PVDF and MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites, the BT/MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites showed higher crystallinity and thermal properties. The dielectric performance tests showed that the BT/MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites had better dielectric performance than those of BT/PVDF and MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites. At 100 Hz, the dielectric constant of BT/MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites reached 119, which was 14 times that of neat PVDF, and the dielectric loss was only 0.051. The BT/MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites showed the tensile strength of 57.7 MPa and the tensile modulus of 1226 MPa, respectively. This work provides a novel strategy for the fabrication of PVDF based dielectric nanocomposites, inspiring the research and development of PVDF in the energy‐related areas in the future.
Protein Interaction Network Biology in Neuroscience
Authors: Basu Avik , Ash Peter EA , Wolozin Benjamin , Emili Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMapping the intricate networks of cellular proteins in the human brain has the potential to address unsolved questions in molecular neuroscience, including the molecular basis of cognition, synaptic plasticity, long‐term potentiation, learning, and memory. Perturbations to the protein–protein interaction networks (PPIN) present in neurons, glia, and other cell‐types have been linked to multifactorial neurological disorders. Yet while knowledge of brain PPINs is steadily improving, the complexity and dynamic nature of the heterogeneous central nervous system in normal and disease contexts poses a formidable experimental challenge. In this review, the recent applications of functional proteomics and systems biology approaches to study PPINs central to normal neuronal function, during neurodevelopment, and in neurodegenerative disorders are summarized. How systematic PPIN analysis offers a unique mechanistic framework to explore intra‐ and inter‐cellular functional modules governing neuronal activity and brain function is also discussed. Finally, future technological advancements needed to address outstanding questions facing neuroscience are outlined.