bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profilin1-Dependent F-Actin Assembly Controls Division of Apical Radial Glia and Neocortex Development
Authors: Kullmann Jan A , Meyer Sophie , Pipicelli Fabrizia , Kyrousi Christina , Schneider Felix , Bartels Nora , Cappello Silvia , Rust Marco B 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeocortex development depends on neural stem cell proliferation, cell differentiation, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. Cytoskeletal regulation is critical for all these processes, but the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. We previously implicated the cytoskeletal regulator profilin1 in cerebellar granule neuron migration. Since we found profilin1 expressed throughout mouse neocortex development, we here tested the hypothesis that profilin1 is crucial for neocortex development. We found no evidence for impaired neuron migration or layering in the neocortex of profilin1 mutant mice. However, proliferative activity at basal positions was doubled in the mutant neocortex during mid-neurogenesis, with a drastic and specific increase in basal Pax6+ cells indicative for elevated numbers of basal radial glia (bRG). This was accompanied by transiently increased neurogenesis and associated with mild invaginations resembling rudimentary neocortex folds. Our data are in line with a model in which profilin1-dependent actin assembly controls division of apical radial glia (aRG) and thereby the fate of their progenies. Via this mechanism, profilin1 restricts cell delamination from the ventricular surface and, hence, bRG production and thereby controls neocortex development in mice. Our data support the radial cone hypothesis” claiming that elevated bRG number causes neocortex folds.
New Developmentalism: development macroeconomics for middle-income countries
Authors: Bresser-Pereira Luiz Carlos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article resumes New Developmentalism—a theoretical framework being defined since the early 2000s to understand middle-income countries. It is constituted of a political economy and development macroeconomics and originated in development economics and post-Keynesian macroeconomics. From the start, it is an open and development-oriented economics. New Developmentalism focuses on two macroeconomic accounts, the fiscal and the current accounts, and in five macroeconomic prices which the market is unable to keep ‘right’. It affirms that the exchange rate tends to be cyclically overvalued, thus making the competent companies non-competitive and leading the economy to go from crisis to crisis, to the extent that countries are irresponsible in fiscal terms and search to grow with foreign indebtedness. New Developmentalism has a new definition of Dutch disease, and a means to neutralise it. Counterintuitively, it argues that middle-income countries should reject external finance and balance the current account.
Distinct effects of acute versus chronic corticosterone exposure on Zebra finch responses to West Nile virus
Authors: Martin Lynn B , Kernbach Meredith E , Unnasch Thomas R 
Published: December 2019

Summary statement
Stress hormones affect immune responses, behaviour and other host traits that can influence how individual hosts contribute to disease cycles (i.e. competence). We found that differences in the duration of experimental elevations of one hormone, corticosterone, had very different effects on zebra finch responses to West Nile virus. Chronic elevations enabled birds to become infectious and more tolerant of WNV whereas birds experiencing acute elevations generally resembled untreated controls.
Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care
Authors: Termignoni-Garcia Flavia , Louder Matthew I M , Balakrishnan Christopher N , O’Connell Lauren , Edwards Scott V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor the last 40 years, the study of cooperative breeding (CB) in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological, geographical, and behavioral drivers of helping. The advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped, in some cases, confirming predictions of kin selection theory. Methods for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation, gene expression, and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB, primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal, as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in nature. Here, we outline key ways in which modern -omics approaches, in particular genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq, can be used to add a new level of analysis of avian CB. Building on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenomics, we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream, context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of specific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics. -Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time, but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or lab. Sociogenomics of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB, and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.
What Do Spelling Errors Tell Us about Deaf Learners of French?
Authors: Daigle Daniel , Berthiaume Rachel , Costerg Agnès , Plisson Anne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor deaf students, spelling acquisition is a considerable challenge, especially because the spelling code is based on an oral language to which most of them have limited access. Most studies conducted with deaf students have reported that they lag behind their hearing peers. However, few studies have used a fine-grained error classification grid. The use of such a grid makes it possible to draw a precise portrait of writers’ orthographic knowledge. The purpose of this study was to describe the spelling skills of 19 deaf students (Mage = 10.9 years) and to compare their errors with those of 20 hearing students of the same age and 17 younger hearing students at the same reading level. The results indicate that deaf students are not quantitatively different from hearing students but that their errors are qualitatively different from those of hearing students.
Tachy- and bradyarrhythmia as an initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus-related primary cardiac lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Ng Shonda , Krisnadi Cindy , Low Randal Jun Bang , Yew Min Sen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Primary cardiac lymphoma is defined as extranodal lymphoma involving the heart or pericardium. Common presentations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cardiac lymphoma include heart failure, cardiac tamponade, and rhythm abnormalities. Arrhythmia is an uncommon presentation and treatment in young HIV patients is particularly challenging. We present a unique case of primary cardiac lymphoma in an HIV patient presenting with both symptomatic tachy- and bradyarrhythmias.

Case summary
A 27-year-old man presented with intermittent palpitations and chest pain for 2 weeks. He has a significant past history of advanced HIV. He was noted to have complete heart block on cardiac monitoring. Imaging showed a large mass in the right atrioventricular (AV) groove extending into the myocardium, associated with a moderate pericardial effusion. During his stay, he developed symptomatic tachy–brady arrhythmias, with intermittent junctional tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and complete AV block. After a multidisciplinary team discussion, endomyocardial biopsy was performed under fluoroscopy and transthoracic echocardiography guidance. Histology from the interventricular septum was consistent with Epstein–Barr virus positive B-cell lymphoma. The patient was subsequently transferred to a tertiary hospital with cardiothoracic surgical support to initiate chemotherapy.

Discussion
To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case of HIV-related primary cardiac lymphoma presenting with palpitations secondary to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with concomitant AV block. This case illustrates the utility of multi-modality imaging in the investigation of a cardiac mass and the importance of having a high index of suspicion for pathology, such as cardiac lymphoma in HIV patients complaining of apparently minor cardiac complaints.
A collaborative approach to preparing for and reacting to emerald ash borer: a case study from Colorado
Authors: Alexander Kathleen , Truslove Micaela , Davis Rob , Stephens Sky , Zentz Ralph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCollaboration has been the key to success for urban forest management in Colorado, not only collaboration amongst agencies at all levels of government but also in engaging industry allies, coordinating education and outreach efforts and in fostering community support. A unique interagency team, the Emerging Pests in Colorado (EPIC) Workgroup, was formed in 2009 to address the immediate threat from Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnut and to plan for the arrival of other invasive urban forest pests to Colorado. When the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (EAB) was detected in Boulder, Colorado in 2013, it marked the westernmost occurrence of EAB in the US, threatening millions of planted and naturalized ash trees representing over 25 percent of the tree canopy throughout Colorado’s urban and riparian forests. The detection in Boulder prompted the development of a second multi-agency group, the Colorado EAB Response Team (CORT). The preparedness and established working relationships between stakeholders and responsible authorities allowed for a quick, decisive and unified response. We review as a case study: (1) the formation and history of collaborative interagency groups in Colorado; (2) how the interagency collaborative planning and post-detection EAB response have supported community forestry programmes throughout the state; (3) development of the post-detection EAB management plan and economics behind the strategy in Boulder, Colorado; and (4) the proactive EAB planning and outreach efforts underway in Denver, Colorado.
A Struggle for Genocide Recognition: How the Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean Diasporas Link Past and Present
Authors: Mutlu-Numansen Sofia , Ossewaarde Marinus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes how Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean communities in Western Europe organize their struggle for Sayfo (genocide) recognition and how narratives of the past are enacted in their campaign. The year 2015 provided a unique opportunity to study such diasporic communities’ strategic uses of the past. Hundreds of centenary commemorations were organized all over the world. The authors have selected three that illustrate how the Sayfo recognition campaign was organized, and how its practitioners strategically use the past in their efforts.
Screening and topical decolonization of preoperative nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriers to reduce the incidence of postoperative infections after lung cancer surgery: a propensity matched study
Authors: Fourdrain Alex , Bouabdallah Ilies , Gust Lucile , Cassir Nadim , Brioude Geoffrey , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Alifano Marco , Le Rochais Jean-Philippe , D’Annoville Thomas , Trousse Delphine , Loundou Anderson , Leone Marc , Papazian Laurent , Thomas Pascal Alexandre , D’Journo Xavier Benoit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are serious issues following lung cancer surgery, leading to an increased risk of morbidity and hospital cost burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on postoperative outcomes of a preoperative screening and decolonization strategy of nasal carriers for Staphylococcus aureus prior to lung cancer surgery.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective study comparing 2 cohorts of patients undergoing major lung resection: a control group of patients from the placebo arm of the randomized Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes operated on between July 2012 and April 2015 without any nasopharyngeal screening (N = 224); an experimental group, with preoperative screening for S. aureus of nasal carriers and selective 5-day decolonization in positive carriers using mupirocin ointment between January 2017 and December 2017 (N = 310). The 2 groups were matched according to a propensity score analysis with 1:1 matching. The primary outcome was the rate of postoperative HAIs, and the secondary outcome was the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation after surgery.

RESULTS
After matching, 2 similar groups of 108 patients each were obtained. In the experimental group, 26 patients had positive results for nasal carriage, and a significant decrease was observed in the rate of overall postoperative HAIs [control n = 19, 17.6%; experimental group n = 9, 8.3%; P = 0.043; relative risk 0.47 (0.22–1)] and in the rate of postoperative mechanical ventilation [control n = 12, 11.1%; experimental group n = 4, 3.7%; P = 0.038; relative risk 0.33 (0.11–1)]. After logistic regression and multivariable analysis, screening of S. aureus nasal carriers reduced the rate of HAIs [odds ratio (OR) 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.76; P = 0.01] and reduced the risk of the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.74; P = 0.02). There was no significant statistical difference between the 2 groups regarding the rate of postoperative S. aureus-associated infection (control group n = 6, 5.6%; experimental group n = 2, 1.9%; P = 0.28).

CONCLUSIONS
Identification of nasal carriers of S. aureus and selective decontamination using mupirocin appeared to have a beneficial effect on postoperative infectious events after lung resection surgery.
Liberal Pacification and the Phenomenology of Violence
Authors: Baron Ilan Zvi , Havercroft Jonathan , Kamola Isaac , Koomen Jonneke , Murphy Justin , Prichard Alex 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile international relations scholars make many claims about violence, they rarely define the concept. This article develops a typology of three distinct kinds of violence: direct, indirect, and pacification. Direct violence occurs when a person or agent inflicts harm on another. Indirect violence manifests through the structures of society. We propose a third understanding of violence: pacification. Using a phenomenological methodology, and drawing on anarchist and postcolonial thought, we show that the violence of pacification is diffuse, inconspicuous, intersubjective, and structured into the fabric of society. This understanding of violence matters for the study of international relations in general and research on the liberal peace in particular. We argue that the spread of liberal institutions does not necessarily decrease violence but instead transforms it. Our phenomenological analysis captures empirical trends in human domination and suffering that liberal peace theories cannot account for. It reveals how a decline in direct violence may coincide with the transformation of violence in ways that are concealed, monopolized, and structured into the liberal order. We call this process liberal pacification.
Retrospective multicentre matched cohort study comparing safety and efficacy outcomes of intermittent-infusion versus continuous-infusion vancomycin
Authors: Ma Nathan H , Walker Sandra A N , Elligsen Marion , Kiss Alex , Palmay Lesley , Ho Grace , Powis Jeff , Bansal Vikas , Leis Jerome A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with good renal function receiving intermittent-infusion vancomycin (IIV) may require total daily doses ≥4 g to achieve trough concentrations of 15–20 mg/L, increasing the risk of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity. Continuous-infusion vancomycin (CIV) may be associated with a lower risk of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity compared with IIV, but studies comparing safety of both dosing strategies are lacking.

Objectives
To compare the risk of nephrotoxicity with CIV versus IIV when target concentration ranges were the same with both dosing modalities.

Methods
A retrospective multicentre matched cohort study of admitted patients between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 was completed. Adult patients who received ≥48 h of vancomycin with at least one steady-state vancomycin concentration were eligible. The primary outcome was to compare the rates of nephrotoxic risk and renal injury, defined by the RIFLE criteria, between CIV and IIV.

Results
Of 2136 patients who received vancomycin during the study period, 146 CIV patients were eligible and matched to 146 IIV patients. After adjustment of potential confounders, CIV was found to have a lower odds of developing nephrotoxic risk (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.98, P = 0.025) and renal injury (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.59, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
CIV is associated with a lower odds of nephrotoxicity compared with IIV when targeting the same concentration range and should be an alternative dosing strategy for patients who will receive prolonged therapy or require &gt;4 g/day to achieve therapeutic levels.
New Rules of Engagement: How Adaptation To Online Media Changes Older Adults' Social Connectedness
Authors: Hage Eveline , van Offenbeek Marjolein , Boonstra Albert 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Older adults often struggle to adjust to the rapid changes in the digitizing media landscape. In this article, we study, first, how 10 older adults adapt new online media into their daily lives and, by doing so, adjust to the changing “rules of engagement” that guide online-media use in their social surroundings. Second, we analyze how this adaptation process generates change in older adults' social connectedness. Results suggest that older adults' non-use of popular online media results in social exclusion. Enhancing their social connectedness, requires older adults to (partially) conform to new communication norms and values. Based on our findings, we propose three adaptation strategies that enhance both offline and online social connectedness.
Mobile Phone Use as Sequential Processes: From Discrete Behaviors to Sessions of Behaviors and Trajectories of Sessions
Authors: Peng Tai-Quan , Zhu Jonathan J H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mobile phone use is an unfolding process by nature. In this study, it is explicated as two sequential processes: mobile sessions composed of an uninterrupted set of behaviors and mobile trajectories composed of mobile sessions and mobile-off time. A data set of a five-month behavioral logfile of mobile application use by approximately 2,500 users in Hong Kong is used. Mobile sessions are constructed and mined to uncover sequential characteristics and patterns in mobile phone use. Mobile trajectories are analyzed to examine intraindividual change and interindividual differences on mobile re-engagement as indicators of behavioral dynamics in mobile phone use. The study provides empirical support for and expands the boundaries of existing theories about combinatorial use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Finally, the understanding on mobile temporality is enhanced, that is, mobile temporality is homogeneous across social sectors. Furthermore, mobile phones redefine, rather than blur, the boundary between private and public time.
Printeos: Obligation to Pay Default Interest When Repaying a Fine after Annulment
Authors: Coelho Gonçalo Banha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The General Court ruled that, in case of annulment of a cartel decision based on an inadequate statement of reasons, in addition to repaying the fine amount received, the Commission must pay default interests at the ECB refinancing rate increased by 3.5 percentage points since the date on which the applicant unduly made provisional payment of the fine in accordance with the principle of restitutio in integrum.
Transmission of Cotton Seed and Boll Rotting Bacteria by the Verde Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Glover James P , Medrano Enrique G , Isakeit Thomas , Brewer Michael J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Field experiments and supporting laboratory work were conducted to characterize the ability of the verde plant bug, Creontiades signatus (Distant), a boll-feeding sucking bug, to transmit a cotton seed and boll rot bacterial pathogen, Serratia marcescens (Bizio) (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Serratia marcescens was originally isolated from bolls infested with verde plant bug in south Texas, and a Rifampicin resistant S. marcescens strain was used in transmission and retention experiments. Serratia-exposed and nonexposed adult verde plant bugs from a laboratory colony were placed individually on 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-d-old bolls (postanthesis). The bacterial acquisition process did not apparently affect insect vigor based on similar average boll injury ratings observed across both exposed and nonexposed bugs. Cotton bolls caged with Serratia-exposed verde plant bugs had significantly greater presence of S. marcescens and cotton boll rot symptoms than bolls caged without bugs (no-insect controls) or nonexposed bugs. Transmission of the disease agent by verde plant bug was confirmed across all boll ages assayed. Incidence of diseased locules on 5- and 6-d-old bolls was the same or greater than on 7- and 8-d-old bolls. Verde plant bug was able to harbor the disease agent from 24- to 96-h postinfection, and transmission efficiency rates ranged from 54 to 62% during initial transmission and retention (transmission across two bolls fed upon consecutively) studies. Along with photographic evidence, the experimental data supported that boll damage associated with verde plant bug infestations was magnified when insects transmitted the cotton pathogen S. marcescens as demonstrated in this 2-yr field experiment.
Differences in Cell Proliferation and Craniofacial Phenotype of Closely Related Species in the Pupfish Genus Cyprinodon
Authors: Lencer Ezra , McCune Amy R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis for phenotypic differences is fundamental to the study of macroevolutionary patterns of biological diversity. While technological advances in DNA sequencing have made researching genetic variation in wild taxa routine, fully understanding how these variants affect phenotype requires taking the next step to investigate how genetic changes alter cell and tissue interactions that ultimately produce phenotypes. In this article, we investigate a role for cell proliferation as a developmental source of craniofacial diversity in a radiation of 3 species of Cyprinodon from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Patterns of cell proliferation in the heads of hatching-age fish differ among species of Cyprinodon, and correlate with differences in allometric growth rate among the jaws of 3 distinct species. Regional patterns of cell proliferation in the head are complex, resulting in an unintuitive result in which lower levels of cell proliferation in the posterior head region are associated with the development of relatively larger jaws in one species. We combine these data with previously published morphological and genomic data to show how studying the mechanisms generating phenotype at the cellular and tissue levels of biological organization can help mechanistically link genomic studies with classic morphological studies.