bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chroococcalean blue green algae from the paddy fields of Satara District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ghadage Sharada Jagannath , Karande Vaneeta Chandrashekhar 
Published: October 2020

Blue green algae are the photosynthetic prokaryotes representing a wide distribution in habitat, i.e., temperate, tropical, and polar region. Paddy fields are the best studied aquatic ecosystems on earth which fulfill all the necessary demands required for blue green algal growth. Blue green algal role in enhancement of paddy yield has been studied worldwide. Sustainable utilization of an organism for community use depends on how successfully the ecology of that organism is understood. Twenty-eight chroococcalean blue green algal taxa were recorded from the study area. They were taxonomically investigated and found to belong to two families and 11 genera. The first family Chroococcaceae was the largest family with 10 genera and 26 species while the second family Entophysalidaceae had only one genus and two species. The genus Gloeocapsa from the family Chroococcaceae exhibited largest species diversity (21.42%), as well as taxa Chlorogloea fritschii of family Entophysalidaceae showed species abundance from the study area. All heterocystous blue green algal forms are capable of fixation of atmospheric N2. Many of the non-heterocystous or unicellular blue green algae also have the capacity of N2 fixation. The taxonomical documentation of chroococcalean blue green algae provide information about such indigenous unicellular blue green algae which will help in the development of niche specific inoculants as biofertilizers for rice fields of the study region.
First record of African Sailfin Flying Fish Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1847) (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae), from the waters off Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Y. Gladston  , S.M. Ajina  , J. Praveenraj  , R. Kiruba-Sankar  , K.K. Bineesh  , S. Dam Roy  
Published: October 2020

This study provides the first record of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1847) from the waters off Andaman Islands which was previously known to be distributed in the Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: eastern Africa east to the Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). This report suggests its extension of geographical distribution and addition of one more species to the biodiversity of the Andaman Islands. Morphometric and morphological data confirmed that the specimens examined from the waters off Andamans Islands are P. mento which is diagnosed from its closely linked relative P. brachypterus (Richardson, 1846) by having the higher dorsal fin reaching up to the origin of upper caudal fin lobe, when depressed vs. extending well beyond the lobe in P. brachypterus, predorsal scales 20 to 24 (vs. 16–20), and dorsal and anal fin with 12–14 rays (vs. 10–11), respectively, in P. mento.
Risk Factors for Incident Stroke and Its Subtypes in China: A Prospective Study
Authors: Qi Wenwei , Ma Jing , Guan Tianjia , Zhao Dongsheng , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Schut Martijn , Chao Baohua , Wang Longde , Liu Yuanli 
Published: October 2020

Background
Managing risk factors is crucial to prevent stroke. However, few cohort studies have evaluated socioeconomic factors together with conventional factors affecting incident stroke and its subtypes in China.

Methods and Results
A 2014 to 2016 prospective study from the China National Stroke Screening and Intervention Program comprised 437 318 adults aged ≥40 years without stroke at baseline. There were 2429 cases of first‐ever stroke during a median follow‐up period of 2.1 years, including 2206 ischemic strokes and 237 hemorrhagic strokes. The multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that age 50 to 59 years (versus 40–49 years), primary school or no formal education (versus middle school), having >1 child (versus 1 child), living in Northeast, Central, East, or North China (versus Southwest China), physical inactivity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were positively associated with the risk of total and ischemic stroke, whereas age 60 to 69 years and living with spouse or children (versus living alone) were negatively associated with the risk of total and ischemic stroke. Men, vegetable‐based diet, underweight, physical inactivity, hypertension, living in a high‐income region, having Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, and New Rural Cooperative Medical System were positively associated with the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, whereas age 60 to 69 years was negatively associated with the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions
We identified socioeconomic factors that complement traditional risk factors for incident stroke and its subtypes, allowing targeting these factors to reduce stroke burden.
Inclusion of Older People Reflective of Real‐World Clinical Practice in Cardiovascular Drug Trials
Authors: Caughey Gillian E. , Inacio Maria C. , Bell J. Simon , Vitry Agnes I. , Shakib Sepehr 
Published: October 2020

Background
Underrepresentation of older people in clinical trials remains. This study aimed to examine the inclusion of older people and associated safety and efficacy reports from clinical trials of new molecular entities for cardiovascular disease indications since commencement of the US Food and Drug Administration Drug Trial Snapshot (DTS) Program. The DTS provides concise information on participants included in clinical trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration approval of new drugs.

Methods and Results
A cross‐sectional analysis between January 1, 2015 and April 30, 2019 of DTS data including approval date, indication, number of trials and participants, age distribution, efficacy, and safety statements was conducted. Participation‐to‐prevalence ratio (PPR) was used to describe representation of older participants in trials relative to disease population. Efficacy and safety statements regarding age were compared with drug prescribing information. A total of 72 079 participants from 10 DTS reports were identified and 39 625 (55.0%) were aged ≥65 years old. Overall, 63.6% of cardiovascular disease DTS reports were representative of people aged ≥65 years old for specific cardiovascular disease conditions. Underrepresentation was observed in 4 DTS: 2 for heart failure (PPR 0.48 and 0.62), 1 for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PPR 0.72), and 1 for venous thromboembolism (PPR 0.38). Participants in clinical trials for new drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (PPR 0.99 and 1.21) and hypercholesterolemia (PPR 0.84 and 0.97) were reflective of the older population for these diseases. An increased risk of adverse events in older participants was reported in 40% DTS safety statements but no differences were reported in the drug product information.

Conclusions
Despite the fact that >60% of cardiovascular disease trial participants for new molecular entities included in the DTS program were representative of the older population in real‐world clinical practice, concerns remain for conditions including heart failure or venous thromboembolism. Drug product information safety statements regarding age differences in adverse events were not reflective of trial findings. An increased directive is needed to facilitate the generation of real‐world evidence and appropriate reporting within drug product information for these potentially at‐risk patient populations.
Efficacy and Safety of ProGlide Versus Prostar XL Vascular Closure Devices in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The RISPEVA Registry
Authors: Berti Sergio , Bedogni Francesco , Giordano Arturo , Petronio Anna S. , Iadanza Alessandro , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Reimers Bernard , Spaccarotella Carmen , Trani Carlo , Attisano Tiziana , Marella Cenname Angela , Sardella Gennaro , Bonmassari Roberto , Medda Massimo , Tomai Fabrizio , Tarantini Giuseppe , Navarese Eliano P. ,   the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology‐GISE†
Published: October 2020

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) requires large‐bore access, which is associated with bleeding and vascular complications. ProGlide and Prostar XL are vascular closure devices widely used in clinical practice, but their comparative efficacy and safety in TAVR is a subject of debate, owing to conflicting results among published studies. We aimed to compare outcomes with Proglide versus Prostar XL vascular closure devices after TAVR.

Methods and Results

This large‐scale analysis was conducted using RISPEVA, a multicenter national prospective database of patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR treated with ProGlide versus Prostar XL vascular closure devices. Both multivariate and propensity score adjustments were performed. A total of 2583 patients were selected. Among them, 1361 received ProGlide and 1222 Prostar XL. The predefined primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, bleeding, and vascular complications assessed at 30 days and 1‐year follow‐up. At 30 days, there was a significantly greater reduction of the primary end point with ProGlide versus Prostar XL (13.8% versus 20.5%, respectively; multivariate adjusted odds ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65–0.99];
P
=0.043), driven by a reduction of bleeding complications (9.1% versus 11.7%, respectively; multivariate adjusted odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.58–0.98];
P
=0.046). Propensity score analysis confirmed the significant reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events and bleeding risk with ProGlide. No significant differences in the primary end point were found between the 2 vascular closure devices at 1 year of follow‐up (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.72–1.10];
P
=0.902). Comparable results were obtained by propensity score analysis. During the procedure, compared with Prostar XL, ProGlide yielded significant higher device success (99.2% versus 97.5%, respectively;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions
ProGlide has superior efficacy as compared with Prostar XL in TAVR procedures and is associated with a greater reduction of composite adverse events at short‐term, driven by lower bleeding complications.

Registration Information

URL:
clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02713932.
Association Between Sociodemographic Determinants and Disparities in Stroke Symptom Awareness Among US Young Adults
Authors: Mszar Reed , Mahajan Shiwani , Valero-Elizondo Javier , Yahya Tamer , Sharma Richa , Grandhi Gowtham R. , Khera Rohan , Virani Salim S. , Lichtman Judith , Khan Safi U. , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Vahidy Farhaan S. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Despite declining stroke rates in the general population, stroke incidence and hospitalizations are rising among younger individuals. Awareness of and prompt response to stroke symptoms are crucial components of a timely diagnosis and disease management. We assessed awareness of stroke symptoms and response to a perceived stroke among young adults in the United States.

Methods:
Using data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey, we assessed awareness of 5 common stroke symptoms and the knowledge of planned response (ie, calling emergency medical services) among young adults (<45 years) across diverse sociodemographic groups. Common stroke symptoms included: (1) numbness of face/arm/leg, (2) confusion/trouble speaking, (3) difficulty walking/dizziness/loss of balance, (4) trouble seeing in one/both eyes, and (5) severe headache.

Results:
Our study population included 24 769 adults, of which 9844 (39.7%) were young adults who were included in our primary analysis, and represented 107.2 million US young adults (mean age 31.3 [±7.5] years, 50.6% women, and 62.2% non-Hispanic White). Overall, 2718 young adults (28.9%) were not aware of all 5 stroke symptoms, whereas 242 individuals (2.7%; representing 2.9 million young adults in the United States) were not aware of a single symptom. After adjusting for confounders, Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.17–3.28]), non-US born immigration status (odds ratio, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.31–3.11]), and lower education level (odds ratio, 2.77 [95% CI, 1.76–4.35]), were significantly associated with lack of symptom awareness. Individuals with 5 high-risk characteristics (non-White, non-US born, low income, uninsured, and high school educated or lower) had nearly a 4-fold higher odds of not being aware of all symptoms (odds ratio, 3.70 [95% CI, 2.43–5.62]).

Conclusions:
Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, a large proportion of young adults may not be aware of stroke symptoms. Certain sociodemographic subgroups with decreased awareness may benefit from focused public health interventions.
Dynamic and Energetic Constraints on the Modality and Position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in an Aquaplanet
Authors: Adam Ori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tropical zonal-mean precipitation distribution varies between having single or double peaks, which are associated with intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs). Here, the effect of this meridional modality on the sensitivity of the ITCZ to hemispherically asymmetric heating is studied using an idealized GCM with parameterized Ekman ocean energy transport (OET). In the idealized GCM, transitions from unimodal to bimodal distributions are driven by equatorial ocean upwelling and cooling, which inhibits equatorial precipitation. For sufficiently strong equatorial cooling, the tropical circulation bifurcates to anti-Hadley circulation in the deep tropics, with a descending branch near the equator and off-equatorial double ITCZs. The intensity and extent of the anti-Hadley circulation is limited by a negative feedback: westerly geostrophic surface wind tendency in its poleward-flowing lower branches balances the easterly stress (and hence equatorial upwelling) required for its maintenance. For weak ocean stratification, which goes along with unimodal or weak bimodal tropical precipitation distribution, OET damps shifts of the tropical precipitation centroid but amplifies shifts of precipitation peaks. For strong ocean stratification, which goes along with pronounced double ITCZs, asymmetric heating leads to relative intensification of the precipitation peak in the warming hemisphere, but negligible meridional shifts. The dynamic feedbacks of the coupled system weaken the gradient of the atmospheric energy transport (AET) near the equator. This suggests that over a wide range of climates, the ITCZ position is proportional to the cubic root of the cross-equatorial AET, as opposed to the commonly used linear relation.
Diagnosing the Influence of a Receding Snow Boundary on Simulated Midlatitude Cyclones Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion
Authors: Breeden Melissa L. , Clare Ryan , Martin Jonathan E. , Desai Ankur R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious research has found a relationship between the equatorward extent of snow cover and low-level baroclinicity, suggesting a link between the development and trajectory of midlatitude cyclones and the extent of preexisting snow cover. Midlatitude cyclones are more frequent 50–350 km south of the snow boundary, coincident with weak maxima in the environmental Eady growth rate. The snow line is projected to recede poleward with increasing greenhouse gas emissions, possibly affecting the development and track of midlatitude cyclones during Northern Hemisphere winter. Detailed examination of the physical implications of a modified snow boundary on the life cycle of individual storms has, to date, not been undertaken. This study investigates the impact of a receding snow boundary on two cyclogenesis events using Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations initialized with observed and projected future changes to snow extent as a surface boundary condition. Potential vorticity diagnosis of the modified cyclone simulations isolates how changes in surface temperature, static stability, and relative vorticity arising from the altered boundary affect the developing cyclone. We find that the surface warm anomaly associated with snow removal lowered heights near the center of the two cyclones investigated, strengthening their cyclonic circulation. However, the direct effect of snow removal is mitigated by the stability response and an indirect relative vorticity response to snow removal. Because of these opposing effects, it is suggested that the immediate effect of receding snow cover on midlatitude cyclones is likely minimal and depends on the stage of the cyclone life cycle.
Correlating arterial blood gas, acid–base and blood pressure abnormalities with outcomes in COVID-19 intensive care patients
Authors: Bezuidenhout Morne C , Wiese Owen J , Moodley Desiree , Maasdorp Elizna , Davids Mogamat R , Koegelenberg Coenraad FN , Lalla Usha , Khine-Wamono Aye A , Zemlin Annalise E , Allwood Brian W 
Published: October 2020

Background During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have investigated laboratory biomarkers in management and prognostication of COVID-19 patients, however to date, few have investigated arterial blood gas, acid–base and blood pressure patterns. The aim of the study is to assess the arterial blood gas and acid–base patterns, blood pressure findings and their association with the outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods A single-centre retrospective, observational study in a dedicated COVID-19 intensive care unit in Cape Town, South Africa. Admission arterial blood gas, serum electrolytes, renal function and blood pressure readings performed on COVID-19 patients admitted between 26 March and 2 June 2020 were analysed and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results A total of 56 intensive care unit patients had admission arterial blood gas performed at the time of intensive care unit admission. An alkalaemia (pH > 7.45) was observed in 36 (64.3%) patients. A higher arterial pH (median 7.48 [interquartile range: 7.45–7.51] versus 7.46 [interquartile range: 7.40–7.48], P = 0.049) and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (median 7.9 kPa [interquartile range: 7.3–9.6] versus 6.5 kPa [interquartile range: 5.2–7.3], P = <0.001) were significantly associated with survival. Survivors also tended to have a higher systolic blood pressure (median: 144 mmHg [interquartile range: 134–152] versus 139 mmHg [interquartile range: 125–142], P = 0.078) and higher arterial HCO3 (median: 28.0 mmol/L [interquartile range: 25.7–28.8] versus 26.3 mmol/L [interquartile range: 24.3–27.9], P = 0.059). Conclusions The majority of the study population admitted to intensive care unit had an alkalaemia on arterial blood gas. A higher pH and lower partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood on arterial blood gas analysis were significantly associated with survival.
Role of traditional healers in the pathway of service for a sample of obsessive compulsive disorder patients in Egypt
Authors: Okasha Tarek , Elhabiby Mahmoud M , Mohsen Nesreen , Sharaf Hussein , Elnagar Zeinab 
Published: October 2020

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of an illness using traditional medicine is in most cases culture-specific and based on beliefs in the community. The majority of mentally ill patients prefer to attend to traditional healers because of the trust problems in the system, affordability, accessibility, and ease of the service. Aim: To assess the role of traditional healers among the pathway of psychiatric services of OCD patients, and to highlight its clinical correlates. Methods: we assessed 93 patients with OCD after confirmation of the diagnosis with fifth version of MINI semi structured interview, using a questionnaire designed and accustomed by authors to assess help seeking behavior in OCD patients and its sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Type of symptomatology and its severity were assessed using Y-BOCS. Results: A total of 39.8% sought traditional healers help, 94.6% were before psychiatric advice, main symptoms related to traditional healers seeking were religious and sexual obsessions. Main causes of traditional healers’ preference were stigma of seeking psychiatric advice in 89.2% of cases, considering disease related to religion in 81.1%, considering that religious commitment help in treatment 75, 7%, and considering disease related to magic and superstitions in 45.9%. Religious origin of illness was the most statistically significant factor related to seeking advice at traditional healers. Conclusion: This study shows that a significant percentage of the patients suffering from OCD prefer to approach traditional healers first due to their own beliefs mainly religious, and society acceptance.
Anxiety and depression in frontline health care workers during the outbreak of Covid-19
Authors: Xing Li-qun , Xu Min-ling , Sun Jia , Wang Qin-Xia , Ge Dan-dan , Jiang Ming-ming , Du Wenjun , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) seriously impacts the health and well-being of all of us. Aims: We aim to assess the psychological impact of Covid-19 on frontline health care workers (HCWs), including anxiety, depression and stress of threat of the disease. Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey among the frontline HCWs in a hospital at Jinan, China. Data were collected through an anonymous, self-rated questionnaire, including basic demographic data, a 10-item Covid-19 stress questionnaire, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The risk and rate of anxiety, depression and stress of Covid-19 were estimated. Results: Among the 309 participants, there were 88 (28.5%) with anxiety and 172 (56.0%) with depression. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age ⩽ 30 years, age > 30 to 45 years, working in confirmed case isolation wards, and worrying about disinfection measures being not sufficient were independently associated with anxiety with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 4.4 (1.6–12.2), 3.1 (1.1–8.8), 2.3 (1.4–4.0) and 2.5 (1.5–4.3), respectively; age ⩽ 30 years, age > 30 to 45 years, nurse and worrying about disinfection measure being not sufficient were independently associated with depression with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 3.8 (1.8–7.8), 2.7 (1.3–5.7), 2.5 (1.1–5.6) and 2.1 (1.3–3.5), respectively. Conclusions: A high prevalence of anxiety and depression was found among frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak. More psychological care should be given to young staffs and nurses. Measures to prevent professional exposure is important for HCWs’ physical and mental health.