bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Euthanasia in Pastoral Practice: Experiences of Pastors in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Authors: Boer Theo A. , Bolwijn Ronald E. , Graafland Wim , Pleizier T. Theo J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This representative survey amongst 653 ministers in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) maps their experiences and views with regard to euthanasia. We found that three-quarters of the ministers have experience with euthanasia requests from their parishioners. Almost two-thirds of them respect a parishioner’s euthanasia request. Differentiating the answers on the basis of modality, we see differences in attitudes, both regarding euthanasia itself and regarding the pastoral approach. Although ministers have considerable experience with euthanasia, the open questions posed reveal that ministers encounter many difficulties and dilemmas: there is urgent need for discussion and support. The article intends to contribute to the search for a best pastoral practice in dealing with euthanasia requests and explores the need for a renewed role for the PKN in the social and political debate on euthanasia.
Covert Jewish Sources of Christian Kabbalah: the Case of Guillaume Postel and ʿIyyun Traditions
Authors: Weiss Judith 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article focuses on Guillaume Postel’s Latin Zohar Commentary (1553), with the aim of uncovering a hitherto unknown influence of the medieval ʿIyyun Corpus on Postel’s Kabbalistic thought. Following a prefatory methodological exposition it is demonstrated that in addition to the more common Kabbalistic doctrines, such as those of the Zohar and other central theosophical-Kabbalistic treatises, Postel was also influenced by a different trend of Kabbalah, namely, the anonymous thirteenth-century mystical corpus originating in Languedoc, designated in scholarship as the ʿIyyun Writings. A reliable analysis of Kabbalistic Christian writings requires acquaintance with the writers’ sources, especially given the extent and divergence of medieval Kabbalistic literature. Therefore, we cannot make do with locating overt citations or references to known Kabbalistic treatises found in these writings, but also aim at uncovering covert Kabbalistic traditions which influenced them, as in the case of Postel and the ʿIyyun Corpus.
<p><strong><em>Pacifigeron indivisus</em> (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new species endemic to Rapa, Austral Islands, and a new delimitation of the <em>Celmisia</em> group</strong></p>
Authors: SALDIVIA PATRICIO , WOOD KENNETH R. , ORLOVICH DAVID A. , LORD JANICE M. 
Published: May 2020

This study reports, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and a morphological assessment, the second species of Pacifigeron, an endemic genus of Rapa Island in French Polynesia. Detailed morphological and ecological descriptions, illustrations, IUCN Red List assessment, and a distributional map are provided. Our results support the exclusion of Pacifigeron from the Celmisia group and also allow the re-circumscription of the Celmisia group. The new species Pacifigeron indivisus can be differentiated from P. rapensis, among other characters, by its larger leaves, larger number of capitula per capitulescence, corollas lacking long uniseriate multicellular trichomes, style of the disc florets undivided, and absence of twin trichomes on the cypsela epidermis. Molecular data indicates that Pacifigeron is related to South American Andean genera rather than to the Celmisia group as was previously proposed. The Celmisia group is here re-circumscribed to include ca. 159 species distributed in Australasia within the following genera: Celmisia, Damnamenia, Olearia pro parte, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum. Given the taxonomic complexity and polyphyletic nature of Olearia, its taxonomy is briefly reviewed based on history, morphology, and phylogenetic evidence, which in turn allows delineation of its species composition within the Celmisia group. None of the Olearia species in the Celmisia group can be retained in Olearia since the type species, O. tomentosa, does not belong to the Celmisia group.
A New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Multiscale Atmospheric Predictability
Authors: Sun Y. Qiang , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere we present a new theoretical framework that connects the error growth behavior in numerical weather prediction (NWP) with the atmospheric kinetic energy spectrum. Building on previous studies, our newly proposed framework applies to the canonical observed atmospheric spectrum that has a −3 slope at synoptic scales and a −5/3 slope at smaller scales. Based on this realistic hybrid energy spectrum, our new experiment using hybrid numerical models provides reasonable estimations for the finite predictable ranges at different scales. We further derive an analytical equation that helps understand the error growth behavior. Despite its simplicity, this new analytical error growth equation is capable of capturing the results of previous comprehensive theoretical and observational studies of atmospheric predictability. The success of this new theoretical framework highlights the combined effects of quasi-two-dimensional dynamics at synoptic scales (−3 slope) and three-dimensional turbulence-like small-scale chaotic flows (−5/3 slope) in dictating the error growth. It is proposed that this new framework could serve as a guide for understanding and estimating the predictability limit in the real world.
Patterns of Bone Damage in Patients With Chronic Middle Ear Inflammation
Authors: Wiatr Agnieszka , Strek Pawel , Wiatr Maciej 
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite different etiologies, chronic otitis media involves the damaging and restructuring of bone tissue. The inflammatory process destroys elements of the ossicular chain, and bone lesions may appear that allow the development of otogenous complications. Aims/Objectives: A correlation between the degree of damage to the ossicular chain as well as the bony walls of the middle ear and the type of chronic inflammatory lesions was sought. Destructive changes to bones were observed using scanning microscopy. Material and Methods: The removed damaged fragments of the ossicles were prepared for evaluation with a scanning microscope. Preparations were sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold and subsequently evaluated. Results: Of 220 surgeries carried out in the discussed period, destruction of the middle ear bone walls, opening the way for the development of intracranial complications, was found in 27 patients. Most of them had ongoing chronic otitis media with granulation. Conclusions: (1) Bone loss of the skull base was observed more frequently in patients with chronic otitis media with granulation than with cholesteatoma. (2) In chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, damage to the ossicular chain was observed significantly more frequently than in the case of otitis media with granulation.
Incidence of early intra-cranial bleeding and ischaemia in adult veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients: a retrospective analysis of risk factors
Authors: Malfertheiner Maximilian Valentin , Koch Andrea , Fisser Christoph , Millar Jonathan Edward , Maier Lars Sigfried , Zeman Florian , Poschenrieder Florian , Lubnow Matthias , Philipp Alois , Müller Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Background: Cerebral complications in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are known to have a strong impact on mortality and morbidity. Aim of this study is to investigate the early incidence, risk factors and in-hospital mortality of intra-cranial ischaemia and haemorrhage in adults undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. Methods: This study is a single-centre retrospective analysis on adult patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for different indications. The inclusion criterion included patients with early routine cerebral computed tomography imaging during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, with no clinical evidence of cerebral pathology prior to cannulation. Cerebral complications were grouped by aetiology and the territories of the brain’s supplying arteries. Results: One hundred eighty-seven adult patients with a total of 190 veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatments were included. A total of 16.3% (n = 31) had evidence of either cerebral ischaemia (11.1%) or haemorrhage (5.8%); one patient suffered from both. Cerebral computed tomography scans were performed early in median on the first day after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation; in-hospital mortality of intra-cranial ischaemia and haemorrhage was 71.4% and 45.5%, respectively. Associated with an increased risk for ischaemic lesions were cannulation of the ascending aorta, higher age, presence of an autoimmune disease and cardiac surgery prior to veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An association with haemorrhagic lesions was found for a lower blood PaCO2 at 2 hours, lower blood flow through the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device at 2 hours, higher international normalized ratio and constantly higher activated partial thromboplastin time values as well as higher mean arterial pressures until haemorrhagic lesions were evident. Conclusion: Cerebral complications are frequent in patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and may be clinically silent events. Careful monitoring with routine neuroimaging seems to be the most appropriate diagnostic approach at present. Intra-cranial ischaemia occurs more frequent than haemorrhage and is associated with cannulation of the aorta ascendens.
Prediction of readiness to decannulation from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Hartley Emma L , Sanderson Barnaby , Vasques Francesco , Daly Kathleen JR , Lozinski Maria , Barrett Nicholas A , Camporota Luigi 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The criteria and process for liberation from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome are not standardized. The predictive accuracy of the oxygen challenge test as a diagnostic test in determining weaning and decannulation from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was tested. Design: A single-centre, retrospective, observational cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral severe respiratory failure centre in a university hospital in the United Kingdom. Patients: 253 adults with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Intervention: None Measurements and Main Results: Patients had median age: 43 years (interquartile range: 32-52) years, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days: 9 (interquartile range: 6-14) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score 17.5 (interquartile range: 15-20). Oxygen challenge test value (PaO2-OCT) with best prediction was 31 kPa (232 mmHg; sensitivity 0.74; specificity 0.70; area under curve 0.77 (confidence interval: 0.73-0.81)). PaO2-OCT did not perform well as a prospective test to identify readiness to decannulation. Only 24 patients (10%) were decannulated 48 hours after their first positive oxygen challenge test (true positive) and 73.4% patients were false positives (positive oxygen challenge test but not decannulated). True positives had higher tidal volume (541 ± 218 vs 368 mL ± 210; p < 0.05) and minute ventilation (9.34 ± 5.36 vs 6.33 L/min ± 4.43; p < 0.05). Blood flow (3.17 ± 0.23 vs 3.53 L/min ± 0.56; p < 0.05), sweep gas flow (1.42 ±1.83 vs 3.74 L/min ± 2.43; p < 0.05) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation minute volume at time of first positive oxygen challenge test was lower in true positives (1.66 ± 2.26 vs 4.82 ± 3.43 L/min). This was a strong predictor for decannulation within 48 hours (area under curve: 0.88, confidence interval: 0.88-0.89). Conclusions: In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the PaO2-OCT is a poor predictor of readiness to decannulate from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Additional factors involved in the control of respiratory drive and carbon dioxide clearance, particularly native lung dead space and total minute ventilation, should be assessed.
A novel veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with double pump for the treatment of Harlequin syndrome
Authors: Contento Carlo , Battisti Andrea , Agrò Bruno , De Marco Marina , Iaiza Alessandra , Pietraforte Laura , Pisani Patrizia , Proietti Antonio , Vitalini Emiliano , Montalto Andrea , Musumeci Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The Harlequin syndrome is a complication observed in patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This condition is defined as a critical variation in the oxygen saturation between the upper and the lower part of the body deriving from a poor lung function. Methods: Between July 2018 and November 2019, a total of 60 patients (42 men and 18 women; mean age 57.4 ± 10.0 years; range = 28-71 years) underwent peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in our center. Harlequin syndrome was identified in eight cases (six men and two women; 13.3%) of the 60 venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported patients. As a result of the Harlequin syndrome, all these patients required conversion to veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Control and monitoring of the blood flows of the return cannulae were performed using two centrifugal pumps, one for each inlet line, according to the patient requirements to achieve optimum hemodynamic and oxygenation. Results: Mean duration of veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was 5.3 ± 1.4 days. Seven patients (87.5%) were switched to venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and after 13.5 ± 2.7 days, those patients were totally weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. One patient (12.5%) had an improvement in the pulmonary function, but the cardiac function was poor. This patient was switched to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and after 10 days, the patient was completely weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Conclusion: The use of a secondary centrifugal pump to manage the blood flow directed to the internal jugular vein, in the veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation setup, allows the reduction in the risk of blood clot formation, clotting factor consumption, and pulmonary embolism when compared to the use of an external clamp.
Managing shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users: a scoping review of conservative treatment interventions
Authors: Mason Barry , Warner Martin , Briley Simon , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria , Vegter Riemer 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To review the literature that has explored conservative treatments for the management of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users. Methods: Five databases were systematically searched in february 2020 for terms related to shoulder pain and manual wheelchair use. Articles were screened and included if they investigated the conservative treatment of shoulder pain in wheelchair users. Participants’ physical characteristics, experimental design and primary and secondary outcome measures were extracted from studies. Studies were grouped according to treatment type to identify gaps in the literature and guide future research. Results: The initial search identified 407 articles, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Exercise-based treatment interventions were most prevalent ( n = 12). A variety of exercise modalities were employed such as strengthening and stretching ( n = 7), ergometer training ( n = 3), Pilates classes ( n = 1) and functional electrical stimulation ( n = 1). Only three studies supplemented exercise with an additional treatment type. The Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index was used by 18 studies as the primary measure of shoulder pain. Only seven of these included an objective measure of shoulder function. Participant characteristics varied among studies, and physical activity levels were frequently not reported. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users, the number of studies to have explored conservative treatment types is low. Exercise is the most commonly used treatment, which is encouraging as physical inactivity can exacerbate other health conditions. Few studies have adopted interdisciplinary treatment strategies or included objective secondary measures to better understand the mechanisms of pain.
The effect of computed tomography on oxidative stress level and some antioxidant parameters
Authors: Gündüz Ali Mahir , Demir Halit , Toprak Nurşen , Akdeniz Hüseyin , Demir Canan , Arslan Ayşe , Göya Cemil 
Published: May 2020

Background X-rays are defined as ionizing radiation and hydrolyze the water, causing free radical formation. Oxidative stress is the damage that occurs in cells due to the lack of antioxidants, which detoxifies them, with the increased production of free radicals that occur during normal cellular metabolism. Purpose To examine the acute effects of computed tomography (CT), i.e. ionizing radiation, on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Material and Methods The study included a total of 53 patients that were selected among the patients that underwent non-contrast full-body CT. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were investigated in blood samples taken from patients. Results The post-scan levels of MDA increased significantly while the post-scan levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT decreased significantly compared to their pre-scan levels. Conclusion CT, which is a widely used X-ray imaging technique and has numerous known side effects, was found to increase the levels of MDA, which is an indicator of oxidative stress, and to decrease the levels of some antioxidants including GSH, SOD, and CAT.
Association of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 proliferation index, progesterone-receptor status and various histopathological parameters, and its utility in predicting the high grade in meningiomas
Authors: Bozdağ Mustafa , Er Ali , Ekmekçi Sümeyye 
Published: May 2020

Background Accurate preoperative determination of the histological grade and cellular proliferative potential of meningioma by non-invasive imaging is of paramount importance. Purpose To evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in determining the histological grade of meningioma, and to investigate the correlation of ADC with Ki-67 proliferation index (PI), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and a number of other histopathological parameters. Material and Methods Histopathologically confirmed 94 meningioma patients (72 low-grade, 22 high-grade) who had undergone preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging were retrospectively evaluated. ADC values were obtained by manually drawing the regions of interest (ROIs) within the solid components of the tumor. The relationship between ADC and Ki-67 values, PR status, and multiple histopathological parameters were investigated, and the ADC values of high-grade and low-grade meningiomas were compared. Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic, Pearson correlation, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for statistical assessment. Results All ADC and rADC values were significantly lower in high-grade meningiomas than in low-grade meningiomas (all P < 0.05). ADC values showed significantly negative correlations with Ki-67 and mitotic index ( P < 0.001 for each). Numerous ADC parameters were significantly lower in meningiomas demonstrating hypercellularity and necrosis features ( P < 0.05). ADC values did not show a significant correlation with PR score (all P > 0.05). Conclusion ADC can be utilized as a reliable imaging biomarker for predicting the proliferative potential and histological grade in meningiomas.
Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 sponges miR-129-5p to regulate the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by increasing the expression of HMGB1
Authors: Yangi Rongwe , Huang Huafei , Zhou Qingnv 
Published: May 2020

Objective To explore the function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods Alveolar epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was used as the cell model. The role of MALAT1 and microRNA miR-129-5p in regulating cellular viability and migration were examined by using the CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively, in vitro. The luciferase reporter assay and real-time (RT)-PCR were performed to confirm that miR-129-5p was a target of MALAT1. ELISA was conducted to validate MALAT1 and show that miR-129-5p regulated the gene encoding high-mobility group protein 1 ( HMGB1). Results Overexpression of MALAT1 significantly promoted cellular viability, whereas miR-129-5p had the opposite effect. miR-129-5p was shown to be a target of MALAT1, and HMGB1 could be upregulated by MALAT1 overexpression or miR-129-5p inhibition. Conclusion MALAT1 reduced the expression of miR-129-5p, promoting the viability of cells and blocking the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In addition, MALAT1 increased the expression of HMGB1, which contributed to inflammation as the disease progressed.
Analysis of hidden blood loss and its influential factors in myomectomy
Authors: Ye Miaomiao , Zhou Junhan , Chen Jingjing , Yan Linzhi , Zhu Xueqiong 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study was performed to quantify hidden blood loss (HBL) and explore its influential factors in myomectomy. Methods Two hundred nine patients who underwent myomectomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Each patient’s estimated blood volume and total blood loss (TBL) were calculated by the Nadler formula and Gross formula, respectively. The HBL was calculated by subtracting the visible blood loss (VBL) from the TBL. A multivariate linear stepwise analysis was applied to identify the influential factors of HBL in myomectomy. Results The mean perioperative VBL and estimated TBL during myomectomy were 137.81 ±104.43 and 492.24 ± 225.00 mL, respectively. The mean HBL was 354.39 ± 177.69 mL, which accounted for 71.52% ± 15.75% of the TBL and was two to three times higher than the VBL. The duration of surgery, number of removed leiomyomas, and location of removed leiomyomas were independent risk factors for HBL in myomectomy. Conclusions HBL accounted for a significant percentage of TBL in myomectomy. A full understanding of the HBL in perioperative blood management may improve patients’ postoperative rehabilitation.