bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics without boosts
Authors: Novak Igor , Sonner Julian , Withers Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We construct the general first-order hydrodynamic theory invariant under time translations, the Euclidean group of spatial transformations and preserving particle number, that is with symmetry group ℝt×ISO(d)×U(1). Such theories are important in a number of distinct situations, ranging from the hydrodynamics of graphene to flocking behaviour and the coarse-grained motion of self-propelled organisms. Furthermore, given the generality of this construction, we are able to deduce special cases with higher symmetry by taking the appropriate limits. In this way we write the complete first-order theory of Lifshitz-invariant hydrodynamics. Among other results we present a class of non-dissipative first order theories which preserve parity.
Real and complex fundamental partial compositeness
Authors: Agugliaro Alessandro , Sannino Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We complete the analysis of the effective field theory at the electroweak scale for minimal models of fundamental partial compositeness. Specifically, we consider fermions in the complex and real representation of the gauge group underlying the composite Higgs dynamics, since the pseudo real representation was investigated earlier. The minimal models feature the cosets SU(4)×SU(4)/SU(4)D and SU(5)/SO(5) respectively for the complex and real representations. We determine the vacuum alignment, the electroweak precision constraints as well as additional collider constraints. We finally discuss the main differences among the different models of minimal partial compositeness.
Direct baryogenesis in the broken phase
Authors: Asaka Takehiko , Ishida Hiroyuki , Yin Wen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We show a new mechanism for baryogenesis where the reheating temperature can be smaller than the electroweak scale. The baryon number symmetry is violated by a dimension nine operator which conserves a baryon parity. A high energy quark from the decay of a heavy particle, e.g. inflaton, modulus or gravitino, undergoes flavor oscillation, and is thermalized due to the scatterings with the ambient thermal plasma. We point out that the baryon asymmetry of our universe can be generated due to the scatterings via the baryon number violating operator. Our scenario can be tested in neutron-antineutron oscillation experiments as well as other terrestrial experiments.
Non-relativistic supersymmetry on curved three-manifolds
Authors: Bergshoeff E.A. , Chatzistavrakidis A. , Lahnsteiner J. , Romano L. , Rosseel J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We construct explicit examples of non-relativistic supersymmetric field theories on curved Newton-Cartan three-manifolds. These results are obtained by performing a null reduction of four-dimensional supersymmetric field theories on Lorentzian manifolds and the Killing spinor equations that their supersymmetry parameters obey. This gives rise to a set of algebraic and differential Killing spinor equations that are obeyed by the supersymmetry parameters of the resulting three-dimensional non-relativistic field theories. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions that determine whether a Newton-Cartan background admits non-trivial solutions of these Killing spinor equations. Two classes of examples of Newton-Cartan backgrounds that obey these conditions are discussed. The first class is characterised by an integrable foliation, corresponding to so-called twistless torsional geometries, and includes manifolds whose spatial slices are isomorphic to the Poincaŕe disc. The second class of examples has a non-integrable foliation structure and corresponds to contact manifolds.
Model-independent bounds on new physics effects in non-leptonic tree-level decays of B-mesons
Authors: Lenz Alexander , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a considerably improved analysis of model-independent bounds on new physics effects in non-leptonic tree-level decays of B-mesons. Our main finding is that contributions of about ±0.1 to the Wilson coefficient of the colour-singlet operator Q2 of the effective weak Hamiltonian and contributions in the range of ±0.5 (both for real and imaginary part) to Q1 can currently not be excluded at the 90% C.L. . Effects of such a size can modify the direct experimental extraction of the CKM angle γ by up to 10° and they could lead to an enhancement of the decay rate difference ∆Γd of up to a factor of 5 over its SM value — a size that could explain the D0 dimuon asymmetry. Future more precise measurements of the semi-leptonic asymmetries $$ {a}_{sl}^q $$

a
sl
q

and the lifetime ratio τ (Bs)/τ (Bd) will allow to shrink the bounds on tree-level new physics effects considerably. Due to significant improvements in the precision of the non-perturbative input we update all SM predictions for the mixing obervables in the course of this analysis, obtaining: ∆Ms = (18.77 ± 0.86) ps−1, ∆Md = (0.543 ± 0.029) ps−1, ∆Γs = (9.1 ± 1.3) · 10−2 ps−1, ∆Γd = (2.6 ± 0.4) · 10−3 ps−1, $$ {a}_{sl}^q $$

a
sl
q

= (2.06 ± 0.18) · 10−5 and $$ {a}_{sl}^d $$

a
sl
d

= (−4.73 ± 0.42) · 10−4.
Magnetic susceptibility of QCD matter and its decomposition from the lattice
Authors: Bali Gunnar S. , Endrődi Gergely , Piemonte Stefano 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We determine the magnetic susceptibility of thermal QCD matter by means of first principles lattice simulations using staggered quarks with physical masses. A novel method is employed that only requires simulations at zero background field, thereby circumventing problems related to magnetic flux quantization. After a careful continuum limit extrapolation, diamagnetic behavior (negative susceptibility) is found at low temperatures and strong paramagnetism (positive susceptibility) at high temperatures. We revisit the decomposition of the magnetic susceptibility into spin- and orbital angular momentum- related contributions. The spin term — related to the normalization of the photon lightcone distribution amplitude at zero temperature — is calculated non-perturbatively and extrapolated to the continuum limit. Having access to both the full magnetic susceptibility and the spin term, we calculate the orbital angular momentum contribution for the first time. The results reveal the opposite of what might be expected based on a free fermion picture. We provide a simple parametrization of the temperature- and magnetic field-dependence of the QCD equation of state that can be used in phenomenological studies.
Hans Asperger und der Nationalsozialismus: Konturen einer Kontroverse
Authors: Czech H. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Hans Asperger (1906–1980) bezeichnete 1938 als Erster eine Gruppe von Kindern mit charakteristischen psychologischen Merkmalen als „autistische Psychopathen“. Im Jahr 1944 publizierte er eine umfassende Arbeit zu diesem Thema, die ab den 1980er-Jahren internationale Anerkennung fand. Seither erlangte die Bezeichnung „Asperger-Syndrom“ zunehmende Verbreitung. Die Tatsache, dass Asperger zentrale Jahre seiner Karriere während der nationalsozialistischen (NS-)Herrschaft in Wien verbracht hatte, wurde gelegentlich im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Involvierung thematisiert. Es lagen aber kaum Dokumente vor, und letztlich setzte sich ein Narrativ durch, das Asperger eine aktiv widerständige Rolle gegen das NS-Regime zuschrieb.

Ziel der Arbeit
Hauptziel ist eine Überprüfung dieses apologetischen Narrativs. Basierend auf früheren Arbeiten des Autors bietet der Beitrag eine kritische, evidenzbasierte Untersuchung von Aspergers Leben, politischer Orientierung und beruflicher Laufbahn vor und während der NS-Zeit in Österreich.

Material und Methoden
Der Beitrag beruht auf einer Reihe von zeitgenössischen Publikationen und bisher unbekannten Archivdokumenten, einschließlich Aspergers Personalakten und von ihm verfasster Gutachten.

Ergebnisse
Asperger vollzog eine Anpassung an das NS-Regime und wurde für seine Loyalitätsbereitschaft mit Karrierechancen belohnt. Er trat mehreren NS-Organisationen bei (allerdings nicht der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei [NSDAP]), unterstützte öffentlich rassenhygienische Maßnahmen des Regimes wie z. B. die Zwangssterilisationen und kooperierte in mehreren Fällen mit der „Kindereuthanasie“.

Diskussion
Das Narrativ von Asperger als entschlossener Gegner des NS und mutiger Verteidiger seiner PatientInnen gegen die „Euthanasie“-Maßnahmen hält einer Überprüfung nicht stand. Asperger spielte insgesamt eine wesentlich problematischere Rolle als bisher bekannt.
Continuously Non-malleable Codes in the Split-State Model
Authors: Faust Sebastian , Mukherjee Pratyay , Nielsen Jesper Buus , Venturi Daniele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon-malleable codes (Dziembowski et al., ICS’10 and J. ACM’18) are a natural relaxation of error correcting/detecting codes with useful applications in cryptography. Informally, a code is non-malleable if an adversary trying to tamper with an encoding of a message can only leave it unchanged or modify it to the encoding of an unrelated value. This paper introduces continuous non-malleability, a generalization of standard non-malleability where the adversary is allowed to tamper continuously with the same encoding. This is in contrast to the standard definition of non-malleable codes, where the adversary can only tamper a single time. The only restriction is that after the first invalid codeword is ever generated, a special self-destruct mechanism is triggered and no further tampering is allowed; this restriction can easily be shown to be necessary. We focus on the split-state model, where an encoding consists of two parts and the tampering functions can be arbitrary as long as they act independently on each part. Our main contributions are outlined below.

We show that continuous non-malleability in the split-state model is impossible without relying on computational assumptions.

We construct a computationally secure split-state code satisfying continuous non-malleability in the common reference string (CRS) model. Our scheme can be instantiated assuming the existence of collision-resistant hash functions and (doubly enhanced) trapdoor permutations, but we also give concrete instantiations based on standard number-theoretic assumptions.

We revisit the application of non-malleable codes to protecting arbitrary cryptographic primitives against related-key attacks. Previous applications of non-malleable codes in this setting required perfect erasures and the adversary to be restricted in memory. We show that continuously non-malleable codes allow to avoid these restrictions.
Using quantum optical sensors for determining the Earth’s gravity field from space
Authors: Müller Jürgen , Wu Hu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantum optical technology provides an opportunity to develop new kinds of gravity sensors and to enable novel measurement concepts for gravimetry. Two candidates are considered in this study: the cold atom interferometry (CAI) gradiometer and optical clocks. Both sensors show a high sensitivity and long-term stability. They are assumed on board of a low-orbit satellite like gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) and gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) to determine the Earth’s gravity field. Their individual contributions were assessed through closed-loop simulations which rigorously mapped the sensors’ sensitivities to the gravity field coefficients. Clocks, which can directly obtain the gravity potential (differences) through frequency comparison, show a high sensitivity to the very long-wavelength gravity field. In the GRACE orbit, clocks with an uncertainty level of $$1.0\times 10^{-18}$$

1.0
×

10

-
18

are capable to retrieve temporal gravity signals below degree 12, while $$1.0\times 10^{-17}$$

1.0
×

10

-
17

clocks are useful for detecting the signals of degree 2 only. However, it poses challenges for clocks to achieve such uncertainties in a short time. In space, the CAI gradiometer is expected to have its ultimate sensitivity and a remarkable stability over a long time (measurements are precise down to very low frequencies). The three diagonal gravity gradients can properly be measured by CAI gradiometry with a same noise level of 5.0 $${\mathrm{mE}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}}$$

mE
/

Hz

. They can potentially lead to a 2–5 times better solution of the static gravity field than that of GOCE above degree and order 50, where the GOCE solution is mainly dominated by the gradient measurements. In the lower degree part, benefits from CAI gradiometry are still visible, but there, solutions from GRACE-like missions are superior.
Is the ACS‐NSQIP Risk Calculator Accurate in Predicting Adverse Postoperative Outcomes in the Emergency Setting? An Italian Single‐center Preliminary Study
Authors: Scotton Giovanni , Del Zotto Giulio , Bernardi Laura , Zucca Annalisa , Terranova Susanna , Fracon Stefano , Paiano Lucia , Cosola Davide , Biloslavo Alan , de Manzini Nicolò 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ACS‐NSQIP surgical risk calculator (SRC) is an open‐access online tool that estimates the chance for adverse postoperative outcomes. The risk is estimated based on 21 patient‐related variables and customized for specific surgical procedures. The purpose of this monocentric retrospective study is to validate its predictive value in an Italian emergency setting.MethodsFrom January to December 2018, 317 patients underwent surgical procedures for acute cholecystitis (n = 103), appendicitis (n = 83), gastrointestinal perforation (n = 45), and intestinal obstruction (n = 86). Patients’ personal risk was obtained and divided by the average risk to calculate a personal risk ratio (RR). Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) and Brier score were measured to assess both the discrimination and calibration of the predictive model.ResultsThe AUC was 0.772 (95%CI 0.722–0.817, p < 0.0001; Brier 0.161) for serious complications, 0.887 (95%CI 0.847–0.919, p < 0.0001; Brier 0.072) for death, and 0.887 (95%CI 0.847–0.919, p < 0.0001; Brier 0.106) for discharge to nursing or rehab facility. Pneumonia, cardiac complications, and surgical site infection presented an AUC of 0.794 (95%CI 0.746–0.838, p < 0.001; Brier 0.103), 0.836 (95%CI 0.790–0.875, p < 0.0001; Brier 0.081), and 0.729 (95%CI 0.676–0.777, p < 0.0001; Brier 0.131), respectively. A RR > 1.24, RR > 1.52, and RR > 2.63 predicted the onset of serious complications (sensitivity = 60.47%, specificity = 64.07%; NPV = 81%), death (sensitivity = 82.76%, specificity = 62.85%; NPV = 97%), and discharge to nursing or rehab facility (sensitivity = 80.00%, specificity = 69.12%; NPV = 95%), respectively.ConclusionsThe calculator appears to be accurate in predicting adverse postoperative outcomes in our emergency setting. A RR cutoff provides a much more practical method to forecast the onset of a specific type of complication in a single patient.
Presenting symptoms and time to diagnosis for Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors in Qatar: a report from Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Service in Qatar
Authors: Maaz Ata U. R. , Yousif Tayseer , Saleh Ayman , Pople Ian , Al-Kharazi Khalid , Al-Rayahi Jehan , Elkum Naser , Malik Muzaffar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
There are no previous published reports on primary pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in Qatar. We undertook this retrospective cohort study to review the diagnosis of CNS tumors in children in Qatar to analyze the presentation characteristics including symptoms, referral pathways, and time to diagnosis.

Methods
All children registered with Pediatric Neuro-Oncology service (PNOS) were included in the study. Data from the time of diagnosis (October 2007 to February 2020) were reviewed retrospectively. Presenting symptoms were recorded and pre-diagnosis symptom interval (PSI) was calculated from the onset of the first symptom to the date of diagnostic imaging.

Results
Of the 61 children registered with PNOS during the study period, 51 were included in the final analysis. Ten children were excluded because they were either diagnosed outside Qatar (n = 7) or were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis (n = 3). The median age was 45 (range 1–171) months. Common tumor types included low-grade glioma (LGG) (47.1%) and medulloblastoma/primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors (PNET) (23.5%). Nine children had an underlying neurocutaneous syndrome. Thirty-eight patients (74.5%) had at least one previous contact with healthcare (HC) professional, but 27 (52%) were still diagnosed through the emergency department (ED). Presenting symptoms included headache, vomiting (36.2%), oculo-visual symptoms (20.6%), motor weakness (18.9%), seizures, ataxia (17.2% each), irritability, cranial nerve palsies (12% each), and endocrine symptoms (10.3%). Median PSI was 28 days (range 1–845 days) for all CNS tumors. Longest PSI was seen with germ cell tumors (median 146 days), supratentorial location (39 days), and age above 3 years (30 days). Tumor characteristics of biological behavior (high-grade tumor) and location (infratentorial) were significantly associated with shorter PSI, as were presenting symptoms of ataxia, head tilt, and altered consciousness.

Conclusions
Although overall diagnostic times were acceptable, some tumor types were diagnosed after a significant delay. The awareness campaign, such as the “HeadSmart” campaign in the United Kingdom (UK), can improve diagnostic times in Qatar. Further research is required to better understand the reasons for the delay.
Management of appendiceal mass and abscess in children; early appendectomy or initial non-operative treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Amstel Paul , Sluckin Tania C. , van Amstel Tim , van der Lee Johanna H. , de Vries Ralph , Derikx Joep P. M. , Bakx Roel , van Heurn L. W. Ernest , Gorter Ramon R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Appendiceal mass and abscess and its treatment are associated with significant morbidity and high costs. Still, the optimal treatment strategy is the point of debate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare overall complications between initial non-operative treatment (NOT) and early appendectomy (EA) in children with appendiceal mass and/or abscess.

Methods
Pubmed and Embase were searched. Only randomized controlled trials and prospective or historical cohort studies that compared NOT with EA in children with appendiceal mass or abscess in terms of complications were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed. Primary outcome was the overall complication rate. Secondary, length of stay and readmission rate were investigated. A meta-analysis of overall complications associated with both treatment strategies was performed.

Results
14 of 7083 screened studies were selected, including 1022 children in the NOT group and 333 in the EA group. Duration of follow-up ranged between four weeks and 12 years. Risk of bias was moderate in four and serious in 10 studies. NOT was associated with a lower overall complication rate (risk ratio (RR) 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–0.65]). However, NOT led to increased length of stay (mean difference varied between 0.2 and 8.4 days) and higher readmission rate (RR 1.75 [95%CI 0.79–3.89]), although not significantly. Interval appendectomy after NOT was performed as a routine procedure in all but one study. This study found a recurrence rate of 34% in a group of 38 patients during a follow-up period of 3.4 ± 1.7 years.

Conclusion
NOT may reduce the overall complication rate compared to EA, but the evidence is very uncertain. As evidence is scarce, and of low level, and heterogeneity between studies is substantial, the results should be interpreted with caution. Large prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for children with appendiceal mass and/or abscess.
Investigation of interaction between biogenic selenium nanoparticles and human serum albumin using microwave plasma optical emission spectrometry operating in a single-particle mode
Authors: Borowska Magdalena , Pawlik Ewelina , Jankowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Characterization of selenium nanoparticles and selenium nanoparticle–human serum albumin conjugates prepared in nanopowder form, their elemental composition, and particle size distribution were investigated with a microwave plasma optical emission spectrometry operating in a single-particle mode. This new analytical technique was used for the first time to examine the molecular interaction between selenium nanoparticles and human serum albumin regarding potential biomedical applications of selenium nanoparticles. Nanopowder sample was introduced to a helium plasma by pneumatic nebulization based on fluidized bed approach and measured with a time resolution of 20 ms. Both selenium nanoparticles and selenium nanoparticle–human serum albumin conjugates were characterized by observation of synchronous signals from different particle components. Plots of the time correlation between Se and C signals for all particles in selenium nanoparticles and selenium nanoparticle–human serum albumin conjugates samples differed from each other in degree of correlation and synchronicity of recorded signals. The interaction between selenium nanoparticles and human serum albumin was confirmed using Bradford assay. For selenium nanoparticles synthesized using yeast cells, the percentage of bound protein was only of 4%, whereas for selenium nanoparticles synthesized using yeast extract as a stabilizing agent it was 16%.

Graphic abstract
Distances of Stiffnesses to Symmetry Classes
Authors: Stahn Oliver , Müller Wolfgang H. , Bertram Albrecht 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor a given elastic stiffness tetrad an algorithm is provided to determine the distance of this particular tetrad to all tetrads of a prescribed symmetry class. If the particular tetrad already belongs to this class then the distance is zero and the presentation of this tetrad with respect to the symmetry axes can be obtained. If the distance turns out to be positive, the algorithm provides a measure to see how close it is to this symmetry class. Moreover, the closest element of this class to it is also determined. This applies in cases where the tetrad is not ideal due to scattering of its measurement. The algorithm is entirely algebraic and applies to all symmetry classes, although the isotropic and the cubic class need a different treatment from all other classes.