bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Complexity of Coastal Flood Risk Reduction: Lessons for Climate Adaptation Public Works in the U.S.
Authors: Rasmussen D. J. , Kopp Robert E. , Shwom Rachael , Oppenheimer Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoastal climate adaptation public works, such as storm surge barriers and levees, are central elements of several current proposals to limit damages from coastal storms and sea‐level rise in the United States. Academic analysis of these public works projects is dominated by technocratic and engineering‐driven frameworks. However, social conflict, laws, political incentives, governance structures, and other political factors have played pivotal roles in determining the fate of government‐led coastal flood risk reduction efforts. Here, we review the ways in which politics has enabled or hindered the conception, design, and implementation of coastal risk reduction projects in the U.S. We draw from the literature in natural hazards, infrastructure, political science, and climate adaptation and give supporting examples. Overall, we find that (1) multiple floods are often needed to elicit earnest planning; (2) strong and continuous leadership from elected officials is necessary to advance projects; (3) stakeholder participation during the design stage has improved outcomes; (4) legal challenges to procedural and substantive shortcomings under environmental protection statutes present an enduring obstacle to implementing megastructure proposals.
Field‐Aligned Currents in Auroral Vortices
Authors: Johnson Jay R. , Wing Simon , Delamere Peter , Petrinec Steven , Kavosi Shiva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAuroral bright spots have been observed at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn in regions that map to the magnetopause boundary layer. It has been suggested that the bright spots are associated with the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability. We utilize a quasistatic magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling model driven by a vortex in the boundary layer to determine how the field‐aligned current structure depends on ionospheric and boundary layer parameters. We compare vortex induced currents with shear‐flow induced currents. We find that the strength of the maximum currents are comparable, but the structure is significantly different. For a vortex, the current and electron precipitation maximize when the vortex size mapped to the ionosphere is approximately 1.5L, where is the auroral scale length, ΣP is the Pedersen conductivity, and κ is the Knight parameter. For a vortex, the current width provides a direct measure of the size, Δ, of the boundary layer structure, while the current width of shear‐flow aurora is generally determined by the larger of Δ or L. For comparison with observations, an event is considered where auroral bright spots in the ionosphere are detected by DMSP SSUSI FUV when KH structures are observed on the dusk flank by THEMIS.
Variations of Thermospheric Winds Observed by a Fabry–Perot Interferometer at Mohe, China
Authors: Li Wenbo , Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Trondsen Trond S. , Unick Craig , Wyatt Devin , Ning Baiqi , Li Guozhu , Huang Cong , Yang Sipeng , Le Huijun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) system was deployed to observe the thermospheric winds at Mohe (53.5°N, 122.3°E), the northernmost observatory of space environment in the mainland of China, in July 2019. Thermospheric winds variations revealed from the 1 year FPI observations are as follows: (1) For the diurnal variation, southward meridional winds prevail at night and peak after midnight with amplitudes from 70 to 110 m/s; meridional winds are northward (∼40 m/s) at dusk and dawn in winter. For the zonal winds, eastward winds prevail only at dusk in summer, while it can sustain after midnight in winter. The maximum amplitudes of eastward winds are 50–130 m/s. Westward winds are strongest at dawn, with amplitudes of 75–120 m/s. (2) For the seasonal variation, both the meridional and zonal winds are dominated by annual oscillations. The semi‐annual oscillations can be observed at midnight. (3) The eastward (southward) winds become strong (weak) at midnight in January and December. An empirical model of thermospheric winds was established based on Mohe FPI observations and compared with HWM14. The variation trends of thermosphere winds described by HWM14 is basically consistent with the observations at Mohe. Moreover, Mohe FPI observations were compared with those by Kelan (38.7°N, 111.6°E) FPI. Variations of thermospheric winds showed some discrepancies between these two locations. The southward winds were significantly stronger at Mohe than at Kelan after midnight; and the semi‐annual and tri‐annual oscillations in the midnight zonal winds are observed at Mohe but not significant at Kelan.
Observational Evidence and Formation Mechanism of Low‐Density Cells in the Upper Thermosphere on September 8, 2017
Authors: Yuan Liangliang , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe low‐density cell structure in the high‐latitude thermosphere is referred to as the density depletion with respect to the adjacent area. Based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) accelerometer data during the September 2017 geomagnetic storms, the thermospheric mass density at about 350 km are estimated and further investigated especially in the high‐latitude regions. At least two kinds of low‐density cells over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are observed along the GRACE orbit. To understand the low‐density cell structures over the SH observed by GRACE, we investigate the underlying physical mechanism based on thermosphere‐ionosphere numerical simulations using Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model and Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model. According to the simulation results, the formation mechanism of the low‐density cell is attributed to the storm‐time vertical advection and horizontal velocity divergence driven by the auroral ion convection. The critical height of observable low‐density cells is shown to be not less than 350 km. The meridional spatial scale of observed low‐density cells over the SH are approximately or slightly larger than 1,500 km. Three low‐density cells, including two in the dawn sector and one in the night sector were observed about 1 hour after the direction of interplanetary magnetic field BY component reversed. The occurrence of thermospheric low‐density structure is essential to be included in the empirical model during geomagnetic storm time.
Dynamical Ocean Responses to Typhoon Malakas (2016) in the Vicinity of Taiwan
Authors: Shen Dongliang , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Jia , Bao Shaowu , Pietrafesa Leonard J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSaffir‐Simpson Category‐4 Typhoon Malakas crossed the Kuroshio, the Western Boundary Current of the North Pacific Ocean, and moved along the path of the Kuroshio for eight days between September 12 and 20, 2016. Malakas induced a 3–4°C sea surface cooling and an increase in sea surface Chlorophyll‐a concentration to 0.8 mg/m3. The total cooling area was approximately 18,000 km2. Satellite observations show that Malakas triggered two upwelling regions associated with two mesoscale eddies, both to the northeast of Taiwan. The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) was employed to offer insights into the dynamical mechanisms on the ocean response to a typhoon. The numerical model results reveal that a coastal upwelling event was induced by southeasterly winds blowing prior to the arrival of Malakas' outer band, and caused a surface cooling near Taiwan's northeast coast. A branch of the Taiwan Warm Current interacted with the offshore Kuroshio current to form an eddy prior to the typhoon's arrival. Malakas then facilitated the development of the near‐coastal eddy. An open ocean eddy was triggered by inertial‐Ekman pumping under the forcing effect of Malakas. The interaction between the southward current caused by Malakas and the northeastward flowing Kuroshio maintained these two induced mesoscale eddies. Numerical results show a near‐inertial oscillation (IO) of about a 26‐h period with an e‐folding time scale of ∼5 days was magnified and modulated by Malakas. The typhoon‐induced oceanic phenomena were very well revealed in this combined observational and numerical modeling study.
A Hybrid Ensemble Canonical Correlation Prediction Model of the Winter Siberian High
Authors: Yang Hongqing , Fan Ke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs one of the main components of the East Asian winter monsoon, the winter Siberian High (SH) plays an important role in the variability of East Asian climate. However, the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), shows limited prediction skill for the winter SH. To improve the prediction skill, a hybrid ensemble canonical correlation (ECC) prediction model is established for the winter SH and SH intensity index (SHI) basing the year‐to‐year increment method and an efficient downscaling approach. Hence, three preceding predictors from observation/reanalysis [sea‐ice concentration (SIC), snow‐cover extent (SCE), and sea surface temperature (SST)] and one integrated current predictor from CFSv2 [surface air temperature and sea level pressure (SAT&SLP)] are selected based on their fundamental physical roles. Considering these individual predictors, four separate downscaling schemes are constructed. The regional‐mean temporal anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of the winter SH for each scheme is 0.54 (SIC‐scheme‐SH), 0.50 (SCE‐scheme‐SH), 0.72 (SST‐scheme‐SH) and 0.42 (SAT&SLP‐scheme‐SH) [four schemes exceed significant at the 1% level]. However, the skill of each scheme differs in regional and temporal distribution. Thus, a hybrid ECC prediction model is proposed by employing multiple linear regression. The regional‐mean temporal ACC of the winter SH between the observed and predicted results increases from −0.12 (CFSv2; not significant at the 10% level) to 0.85 (significant at the 1% level). Besides, the correlation coefficient between the observation and hybrid ECC scheme for winter SHI is 0.90 (significant at the 1% level). Furthermore, the strongest winter SH in 2012 is reproduced well by ECC‐scheme‐SH.
A chromosome-level reference genome of non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis]
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Gao-Feng , Ma Li-Ming , Liu Tong-Kun , Zhang Chang-Wei , Xiao Dong , Zheng Hong-Kun , Chen Fei , Hou Xi-Lin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNon-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) is an important leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide. Here, we report the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome of NHCC001 based on PacBio, Hi-C, and Illumina sequencing data. The assembled NHCC001 genome is 405.33 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 2.83 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 38.13 Mb. Approximately 53% of the assembled genome is composed of repetitive sequences, among which long terminal repeats (LTRs, 20.42% of the genome) are the most abundant. Using Hi-C data, 97.9% (396.83 Mb) of the sequences were assigned to 10 pseudochromosomes. Genome assessment showed that thisB. rapaNHCC001 genome assembly is of better quality than other currently availableB. rapaassemblies and that it contains 48,158 protein-coding genes, 99.56% of which are annotated in at least one functional database. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed thatB. rapaNHCC001 underwent a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared with otherBrassicaspecies that occurred after the WGD events shared withArabidopsis. Genes related to ascorbic acid metabolism showed little variation among the threeB. rapasubspecies. The numbers of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and catabolism were higher in NHCC001 than in Chiifu and Z1, due primarily to tandem duplication. The newly assembled genome will provide an important resource for research onB. rapa, especiallyB. rapassp.chinensis.
Membership‐function‐dependent security control for networked T‐S fuzzy‐model‐based systems against DoS attacks
Authors: Li Xiehuan , Ye Dan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the observer‐based resilient event‐triggered security control issue for networked T‐S fuzzy‐model‐based systems suffered from energy‐limited Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, a novel resilient adaptive event‐triggered mechanism (AETM) is designed to deal with the packet losses problem induced by energy‐limited DoS attacks. Specifically, the resilient AETM threshold is adaptively updated based on the latest available packages. Secondly, according to Lyapunov theory, membership‐function‐dependent stabilisation criterions are obtained to ensure the control systems are stable with performance. Besides, the mismatched premise variables between model and controller are considered, and a slack matrix with the membership functions information is introduced to relax stability conditions. Then, the relationship between allowable duration of DoS attack and resilient AETM parameter is clarified. An algorithm is also presented to derive the resilient AETM parameter and observer‐based controller gains simultaneously. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fast algorithms for constrained generalised predictive control with on‐line optimisation
Authors: Peccin Vinícius Berndsen , Lima Daniel Martins , Flesch Rodolfo César Costa , Normey‐Rico Julio Elias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes fast algorithms for constrained generalised predictive control based on two first‐order methods, namely accelerated dual gradient projection method and fast alternating minimisation algorithm. Theoretical bounds on the number of iterations, which play an important role in the context of real‐time model predictive controllers, are provided for both algorithms. Also, some implementation issues in parallel architectures are discussed. The methods are firstly validated by simulation and their results are compared with the ones presented by commercial solvers. A three‐phase grid‐connected LCL‐filtered inverter was used as a case study. The algorithms were evaluated in an FPGA with the quadratic program computed in microseconds.
Cooperative control of large flexible space structure by two planar robots
Authors: Kawai Yuta , Endo Takahiro , Matsuno Fumitoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study discusses a cooperative control problem of a flexible beam by two planar space robots. The goal is to control the position and orientation of the flexible structure and robots, and to suppress the vibration of the flexible structure. To solve this problem, a boundary controller based on a dynamic model represented by a hybrid PDE‐ODE model is presented. In particular, a boundary controller using the Lyapunov method is derived, and it is showed that the system becomes Lyapunov stable and that the system in the neighbourhood of the desired configuration becomes asymptotically stable. As the system has an actuation redundancy, distribute control inputs among actuators considering each actuator's performance can be distributed. Finally, several numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed boundary controller.
An improved low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) strategy for PV‐based grid connected inverter using instantaneous power theory
Authors: Bagchi Soubhik , Chatterjee Debashis , Bhaduri Rupam , Biswas Pabitra Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a low‐voltage ride‐through technique for large‐scale grid tied photovoltaic converters using instantaneous power theory. The control strategy, based on instantaneous power theory, can directly calculate the active and reactive component of currents using measured grid voltage and currents and generate inverter switching pulses based on the formulated reference current values and thus helping to improve the dynamic response when voltage sag takes place. The dynamic response of the proposed model has been compared with both proportional‐integral and fuzzy current controllers to judge their suitability. The proposed strategy can provide both active and reactive power support dynamically during grid side fault. The proposed active reactive current control based technique shows better dynamic response compared to existing techniques. The proposed method is tested through appropriate simulation on a practical system to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Full‐reference tone‐mapped images quality assessment
Authors: Faraji Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVarious tone mapping operators have been proposed to convert the high dynamic range images to low dynamic ranges to improve visualization on low dynamic range displays. This paper presents a full‐reference objective quality assessment index to evaluate the perceived quality of tone‐mapped images. The proposed method seamlessly employs the multi‐scale structural fidelity, statistical naturalness, colourfulness and the multi‐scale free energy of the image to create a similarity score between a produced low dynamic range image and its high dynamic range image. The extensive experiments on three publicly available datasets using Spearman's rank‐order correlation coefficient, Kendall's rank‐order correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristics analyses indicate the proposed tone‐mapped quality index is superior to recently proposed state‐of‐the‐art objective quality indices.
A pixel pair–based encoding pattern for stereo matching via an adaptively weighted cost
Authors: Fu Yuli , Lai Kaimin , Chen Weixiang , Xiang Youjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStereo matching, which is a key problem in computer vision, faces the challenge of radiometric distortions. Most of the existing stereo matching methods are based on simple matching cost algorithms and appear the problem of mismatch under radiometric distortions. It is necessary to improve the robustness and accuracy of matching cost algorithms. A novel encoding pattern is proposed for stereo matching. In the proposed encoding pattern, each of the matching windows in the grey image and gradient images is divided into several isoline‐like sets with different radii. Then, pixel pairs are defined in the isoline‐like sets. An encoding function is used to decide the relative order between the two pixels in each pixel pair. To apply the pattern for matching cost computation and enhance the matching accuracy, an adaptively weighted cost is designed that is related to the isoline‐like sets. Experiments are conducted on the Middlebury and KITTI data sets to show the validity of the proposed method under severe radiometric distortions. Also, the comparisons with some widely used methods are made in the experiments to illustrate the advantage of the proposed method.
Extraction of compact boundary normalisation based geometric descriptors for affine invariant shape retrieval
Authors: Paramarthalingam Arjun , Thankanadar Mirnalinee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShape recognition and retrieval is a complex task on non‐rigid objects and it can be effectively performed by using a set of compact shape descriptors. This paper presents a new technique for generating normalised contour points from shape silhouettes, which involves the identification of object contour from images and subsequently the object area normalisation (OAN) method is used to partition the object into equal part area segments with respect to shape centroid. Later, these contour points are used to derive six descriptors such as compact centroid distance (CCD), central angle (ANG), normalized points distance (NPD), centroid distance ratio (CDR), angular pattern descriptor (APD) and multi‐triangle area representation (MTAR). These descriptors are a 1D shape feature vector which preserve contour and region information of the shapes. The performance of the proposed descriptors is evaluated on MPEG‐7 Part‐A, Part‐B and multi‐view curve dataset images. The present experiments are aimed to check proposed shape descriptor's robustness to affine invariance property and image retrieval performance. Comparative study has also been carried out for evaluating our approach with other state of the art approaches. The results show that image retrieval rate in OAN approach performs significantly better than that in other existing shape descriptors.
Understanding the influence of state of health on the range anxiety of battery electric vehicle drivers
Authors: Wang Zengkai , Zeng Shengkui , Guo Jianbin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to the limited range, battery electric vehicle drivers are likely to worry about being stranded in range‐critical situations, known as range anxiety. Research has revealed that the provision of accurate information through range‐related in‐vehicle information systems establishes a solution to overcome range anxiety. However, an important range‐related information i.e. the battery state of health, is seldom being considered in the research of range anxiety due to the difficulty in daily‐use acquisition. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the influence of state of health on the range anxiety of battery electric vehicle drivers by performing a driving experiment. Under the condition of state of health degradation, participants used simplified battery electric vehicle simulators equipped with different types of in‐vehicle information systems to finish a designated trip in a range‐critical situation. During and after the trip, they measured their experienced range anxiety level. Results show that participants perceive less range anxiety when the in‐vehicle information system provides the remaining range corrected by the state of health, and range anxiety can be further reduced when the extra correlated information (the state of health) is displayed on the in‐vehicle information systems. The findings provide useful inspirations that range anxiety can be reduced if the range‐related in‐vehicle information system is well designed in information content and presentation considering the state of health.
The Dalton Minimum and John Dalton’s Auroral Observations
Authors: Silverman Sam M. , Hayakawa Hisashi 
Published: December 2020

In addition to the regular Schwabe cycles of approximately 11 y, “prolonged solar activity minima” have been identified through the direct observation of sunspots and aurorae, as well as proxy data of cosmogenic isotopes. Some of these prolonged minima have been regarded as grand solar minima, which are arguably associated with the special state of the solar dynamo and have attracted significant scientific interest. In this paper, we review how these prolonged solar activity minima have been identified. In particular, we focus on the Dalton Minimum, which is named after John Dalton. We review Dalton’s scientific achievements, particularly in geophysics. Special emphasis is placed on his lifelong observations of auroral displays over approximately five decades in Great Britain. Dalton’s observations for the auroral frequency allowed him to notice the scarcity of auroral displays in the early 19th century. We analyze temporal variations in the annual frequency of such displays from a modern perspective. The contemporary geomagnetic positions of Dalton’s observational site make his dataset extremely valuable because his site is located in the sub-auroral zone and is relatively sensitive to minor enhancements in solar eruptions and solar wind streams. His data indicate clear solar cycles in the early 19th century and their significant depression from 1798 to 1824. Additionally, his data reveal a significant spike in auroral frequency in 1797, which chronologically coincides with the “lost cycle” that is arguably located at the late Solar Cycle 4. Therefore, John Dalton’s achievements can still benefit modern science and help us improve our understanding of the Dalton Minimum.