bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Cord Injury Provider Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Bacteriuria Management and Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Skelton Felicia , May Sarah , Grigoryan Larissa , Poon Ivy , Holmes Sally Ann , Martin Lindsey , Trautner Barbara W. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionBacteriuria, either asymptomatic or urinary tract infection, is common in persons with spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D). In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), conflicting clinical practice guidelines make appropriate bacteriuria management and antibiotic stewardship challenging.ObjectiveTo explore SCI/D provider knowledge, attitudes, and teamwork around bacteriuria management during the VHA SCI/D annual examination.DesignMixed methods.SettingVHA SCI/D centers.ParticipantsSCI/D staff providers and physical medicine and rehabilitation resident physicians.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnowledge, safety, and teamwork scores on bacteriuria management using a validated questionnaire. Themes on barriers and facilitators to bacteriuria management during the SCI/D annual exam, and attitudes toward antibiotic stewardship in general.ResultsWe received 84 responses from 344 distributed surveys, with a response rate of 24%. Thirty percent of all participants endorsed incorrect triggers for obtaining a urine culture (change in urine color, cloudiness, or odor). The type of organism identified on culture drove unnecessary antibiotic use; 57% would treat asymptomatic bacteriuria if caused by extended spectrum beta‐lactamase Escherichia coli. There were no significant differences between the median (interquartile range [IQR]) knowledge score of the staff providers (70.6 [58.8‐82.4]) and the resident physicians (64.7 [58.8‐82.4]), but the teamwork climate scores (P = .02) and safety climate scores (P < .01) were higher among staff providers than among resident physicians. Interview analysis identified how the limited recall of content among SCI/D providers of the guidelines for bacteriuria was a potential barrier to their use but attitudes toward guidelines and antibiotic stewardship initiatives were positive.ConclusionAll participants objectively demonstrated actionable gaps in bacteriuria management and expressed uncertainty in their knowledge during qualitative interviews. Through addressing these gaps, we can develop effective antibiotic stewardship programs for the VHA SCI/D system of care.
Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kim Youngchang , Jedrzejczak Robert , Maltseva Natalia I. , Wilamowski Mateusz , Endres Michael , Godzik Adam , Michalska Karolina , Joachimiak Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is rapidly spreading around the world. There is no existing vaccine or proven drug to prevent infections and stop virus proliferation. Although this virus is similar to human and animal SARS‐CoVs and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoVs), the detailed information about SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins structures and functions is urgently needed to rapidly develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. We applied high‐throughput protein production and structure determination pipeline at the Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases to produce SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and structures. Here we report two high‐resolution crystal structures of endoribonuclease Nsp15/NendoU. We compare these structures with previously reported homologs from SARS and MERS coronaviruses.
Miliary opacities in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Ando Masahiro , Igarashi Seiji , Kurosaki Atsuko , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: April 2020

Key messagePulmonary sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of miliary opacities in bilateral upper lobes predominance.
Mechanical performance test and finite element analysis of prefabricated utility tunnel L‐shaped joint
Authors: Pan Yi , Yi Duhang , Wu Weilin , Bao Yunlei , Guo Rui 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn order to promote the industrial production of utility tunnel, based on the actual prefabricated utility tunnel engineering background, two types of precast L‐shaped joint with end boundary elements are experimentally studied. In this paper, two precast L‐shaped top plates with the haunch zone and two precast L‐shaped bottom plates without haunch zone were designed. These two types of specimen were tested to investigate the mechanical performance of precast L‐shaped joint under different load combination effects. There were no obvious phenomenon in the whole opening test, and the most unfavorable load combination was in the elastic stage. In the closed test, the average ultimate bearing capacity of the prefabricated top and bottom plant specimens decreased by 2% and 1%, respectively, compared with the cast‐in‐place specimens, and the average ductility coefficients of the top and bottom plates are 5.78 and 2.73, respectively. It is also found that the setting of the haunch zone can improve the bearing capacity. The bending capacity of prefabricated L‐shaped joints calculated by the Chinese code's recommended formula is conservative, and the ratio of the test value to the calculated value is about 1.5. Finally, the reinforcement arrangement of the prefabricated specimens in the closed test was optimized by finite element software. It can be considered that changing the diameter of the reinforcements in the concrete compression zone to 16 mm will not affect the mechanical properties of precast joints.
Midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide: a novel important biomarker for noise annoyance-induced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality?
Authors: Hahad Omar , Wild Philipp S. , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Schulz Andreas , Lackner Karl J. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schmidtmann Irene , Michal Matthias , Beutel Manfred , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Environmental noise exposure has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently, noise annoyance was shown to induce atrial fibrillation, which was accompanied by significantly increased levels of midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the association between noise annoyance, MR-proANP, incident cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.

Methods
Levels of MR-proANP were measured in the first 5000 participants of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Annoyance was assessed separately for aircraft, road traffic, railway, neighborhood, and industrial/construction noise during the day and sleep.

Results
In cross-sectional analyses, aircraft noise annoyance during day and sleep, industrial/construction noise annoyance during day, and railway noise annoyance during sleep were independently associated with increased levels of MR-proANP after multivariable adjustment. After a 5-year follow-up period, there were 43 cases of incident atrial fibrillation and 103 of incident cardiovascular disease (comprising atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke). Moreover, there were 301 deaths after a mean follow-up of 7.42 ± 1.66 years. An odds ratio (OR) of 2.82 ([95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86; 4.35], p < 0.0001) for incident atrial fibrillation and an OR of 1.49 ([95% CI 1.13; 1.96], p = 0.0046) for incident cardiovascular disease per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in MR-proANP levels were found. A 36% (hazard ratio: 1.36 [95% CI 1.19; 1.55], p < 0.0001) higher risk of death was found per 1-SD increase in MR-proANP levels.

Conclusions
Noise annoyance may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is characterized by increased levels of MR-proANP.

Graphic abstract
Restrictions on natural regeneration of storm-felled spruce sites by silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) through limitations in fructification and seed dispersal
Authors: Tiebel Katharina , Huth Franka , Frischbier Nico , Wagner Sven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticularly after disturbance events, the early successional colonistBetula pendulaRoth is experiencing renewed silvicultural interest with respect to the natural regeneration of large disturbed forest areas. In a case study, we therefore studied the seed dispersal ofB. pendulafrom two adjacent spruce stands to large storm-felled sites at high altitudes in the Thuringian Forest (Germany) over a 2-year period. We applied inverse modelling to describe the distance-dependent seed distribution using a negative exponential kernel and seed production function of birch seed trees. Maximum seed numbers of 2015 n m−2(non-mast year) and 9557 n m−2(medium year) occurred within 40‒50 m distance to a seed tree. The predicted seed production rate of a birch seed tree with a reference dbh of 20 cm was approximately 350,000 n tree−1(non-mast year) and 1,500,000 n tree−1(medium year). Regardless of the seed crop, the dispersal distances were similar in both years. The isotropic model showed mean dispersal distances of 86 and 97 m (uphill) and 367 and 380 m (downhill) for the 2 years of seed sampling. No directionality in seed dispersal was found. The findings showed birch seed dispersal to be strongly influenced by site inclination, seed tree position (valley, slope or plateau) and distance to the storm-felled site. Furthermore, the seed shadow is influenced by the number of seed sources. Therefore, risk-adapted forest management should include the ‘spatial optimization’ of birch seed trees, ideally creating a network of small seed tree groups scattered more or less regularly within pure conifer forests.
Grading of aortic regurgitation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and pulsed Doppler of the left subclavian artery: harmonizing grading scales between imaging modalities
Authors: Spampinato Ricardo A. , Jahnke Cosima , Paetsch Ingo , Hilbert Sebastian , Löbe Susanne , Lindemann Frank , Strotdrees Elfriede , Hindricks Gerhard , Borger Michael A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are current standard for assessing aortic regurgitation (AR). Regurgitant fraction (RF) can also be estimated by Doppler examination of the left subclavian artery (LSA-Doppler). However, a comparison of AR grading scales using these methods and a TTE multiparametric approach as reference is lacking. We evaluated the severity of AR in 73 patients (58 ± 15 years; 57 men), with a wide spectrum of AR of the native valve. Using a recommended TTE multiparametric approach the AR was divided in none/trace (n = 12), mild (n = 23), moderate (n = 12), and severe (n = 26). RF was evaluated by LSA-Doppler (ratio between diastolic and systolic velocity–time integrals) and by CMR phase-contrast imaging (performed in the aorta 1 cm above the aortic valve); the grading scales were then calculated. There were a good correlation between all methods, but mean RF values were greater with TTE compared with LSA-Doppler and CMR (39 ± 16% vs. 35 ± 18% vs. 32 ± 20%, respectively; p < 0.037). Mean differences in RF values between methods were significant in the groups with mild and moderate AR. Grading scales that best defined the TTE derived AR severity using CMR were: mild, < 21%; moderate, 22 to 41%; and severe, > 42%; and using LSA-Doppler: mild, < 29%; moderate, 30 to 44%; and severe, > 45%. RF values for AR grading using TTE, LSA-Doppler and CMR correlate well but differ in groups with mild and moderate AR when using a recognized multiparametric echocardiographic approach. Clinical prospective studies should validate these proposed modality adjusted grading scales.
How software engineering research aligns with design science: a review
Authors: Engström Emelie , Storey Margaret-Anne , Runeson Per , Höst Martin , Baldassarre Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Assessing and communicating software engineering research can be challenging. Design science is recognized as an appropriate research paradigm for applied research, but is rarely explicitly used as a way to present planned or achieved research contributions in software engineering. Applying the design science lens to software engineering research may improve the assessment and communication of research contributions.

Aim
The aim of this study is 1) to understand whether the design science lens helps summarize and assess software engineering research contributions, and 2) to characterize different types of design science contributions in the software engineering literature.

Method
In previous research, we developed a visual abstract template, summarizing the core constructs of the design science paradigm. In this study, we use this template in a review of a set of 38 award winning software engineering publications to extract, analyze and characterize their design science contributions.

Results
We identified five clusters of papers, classifying them according to their different types of design science contributions.

Conclusions
The design science lens helps emphasize the theoretical contribution of research output—in terms of technological rules—and reflect on the practical relevance, novelty and rigor of the rules proposed by the research.
Sex ratios deviate across killifish species without clear links to life history
Authors: Sowersby Will , Gonzalez-Voyer Alejandro , Rogell Björn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSex ratios can differ from an expected equal proportion of males and females, carrying substantial implications for our understanding of how mating systems evolve. Typically, macro-evolutionary studies have been conducted without assessing how deviations from an equal sex ratio could be explained by sex-biased mortality or dispersal. Our understanding of sex ratio evolution independent of these confounds, in addition to any putative links between skewed sex ratios and other factors (e.g. life history), therefore remains largely unexplored. Here, we conducted an exploratory study investigating differences in sex ratios across closely related species while controlling for extrinsic mortality. We also tested two factors, non-overlapping/overlapping generations and the social environment, which have both been hypothesised to affect sex ratios. Specifically, we raised 15 species of killifish, which have either overlapping or discrete generations, under both solitary and social treatments. We found substantial divergences in sex ratios across closely related species, which exhibited both male and female biases. In conjunction with a low phylogenetic signal, our results suggest that sex ratios can evolve rapidly in this group. However, we found no evidence that overlapping generations or the social environment affected sex biases, suggesting that other factors drive the rapid evolution of sex ratios in killifishes.
Predicting Intense Levels of Child Anxiety During Anesthesia Induction at Hospital Arrival
Authors: Eijlers Robin , Staals Lonneke M. , Legerstee Jeroen S. , Berghmans Johan M. , Strabbing Elske M. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Wijnen René M. H. , Kind Laura S. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Dierckx Bram , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn children, intense levels of anxiety during anesthetic induction are associated with a higher risk of pain, poor recovery, and emergence delirium. Therefore, it is important to identify these high-risk children at hospital arrival. The current study examined internalizing behavior (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) and state anxiety measures (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, mYPAS, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, STAIC) at hospital arrival as predictors of anxiety during induction of anesthesia. One hundred children (aged 4 to 12 years) undergoing elective daycare surgery were included. The STAIC and mYPAS at hospital arrival were significant predictors of anxiety during induction, whereas CBCL was not. The STAIC state form at hospital arrival was the strongest predictor and could be used to identify children who will experience intense levels of anxiety during anesthetic induction, with sufficient to good diagnostic accuracy. Using the STAIC at hospital arrival allows targeted interventions to reduce anxiety in children.
Gambling in Young Adults Aged 17–24 Years: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hollén Linda , Dörner Rita , Griffiths Mark D. , Emond Alan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA large contemporary UK cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, was used to investigate gambling behavior and to explore the antecedents of regular gambling in the 17–24-year age group. Participants completed computer-administered gambling surveys in research clinics, on paper, and online. The sample sizes were 3566 at age 17 years, 3940 at 20 years, and 3841 at 24 years; only 1672 completed all three surveys. Participation in gambling in the last year was reported by 54% of 17-year-olds, rising to 68% at 20 years, and 66% at 24 years, with little overall variance. Regular (weekly) gambling showed a strong gender effect, increasing among young men from 13% at 17 years to 18% at 20 years, and 17% at 24 years. Although gambling frequency increased between the ages of 17 and 20 years, gambling behaviors showed little variance between 20 and 24 years, except online gambling and betting on horseraces. The commonest forms of gambling were playing scratchcards, playing the lottery, and private betting with friends. Gambling on activities via the internet increased markedly between 17 and 24 years, especially among males. In the fully adjusted model, individual antecedents of regular gambling were being male, and having a low IQ, an external locus of control, and high sensation seeking scores. Parental gambling behavior and maternal educational background were associated with regular gambling in both sexes. Regular gambling was associated with smoking cigarettes and frequent and harmful use of alcohol, but no associations with depression were found.
What Happens to Efficiency and Equity? The Cost Implications of Developmental Education Reform
Authors: Mokher Christine G. , Park-Gaghan Toby J. , Hu Shouping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlorida passed legislation in 2013 that exempted many students from developmental education, and required colleges to implement new instructional modalities for optional developmental education courses. This paper uses an economic model of remediation to examine how changes in college course taking before and after the reform altered costs to completing introductory college-level courses in math and English for students and institutions, and whether cost savings differ by racial/ethnic subgroup. We also take into account changes in short-term costs relative to course completion rates to examine whether the reform is cost effective overall. We find that the total cost per completer (including costs to both students and institutions) decreased after the reform by $894 in English and $1851 in math. This resulted in efficiency gains of 34% in English and 30% in math. The results from Florida provide promising evidence that statewide developmental education reforms may be an effective mechanism for reducing costs to students and institutions. Reform efforts may also help to reduce racial/ethnic gaps in the costs to gateway completion in both subject areas, which has important implications for equity.
Digital transformation: a review, synthesis and opportunities for future research
Authors: Nadkarni Swen , Prügl Reinhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the last years, scholarly attention was on a steady rise leading to a significant increase in the number of papers addressing different technological and organizational aspects of digital transformation. In this paper, we consolidate existing findings which mainly stem from the literature of information systems, map the territory by sharing important macro- and micro-level observations, and propose future research opportunities for this pervasive field. The paper systematically reviews 58 peer-reviewed studies published between 2001 and 2019, dealing with different aspects of digital transformation. Emerging from our review, we develop inductive thematic maps which identify technology and actor as the two aggregate dimensions of digital transformation. For each dimension, we derive further units of analysis (nine core themes in total) which help to disentangle the particularities of digital transformation processes and thereby emphasize the most influential and unique antecedents and consequences. In a second step, in order to assist in breaking down disciplinary silos and strengthen the management perspective, we supplement the resulting state-of-the-art of digital transformation by integrating cross-disciplinary contributions from reviewing 28 papers on technological disruption and 32 papers on corporate entrepreneurship. The review reveals that certain aspects, such as the pace of transformation, the culture and work environment, or the middle management perspective are significantly underdeveloped.
Growth Region Impacts Cell Wall Properties and Hard-to-Cook Phenotype of Canned Navy Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Chu Jin , Ho Peter , Orfila Caroline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCellular mechanisms underpinning the hard-to-cook phenomenon are poorly understood. Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) from the same cultivar but grown in different regions of North America showed different canning characteristics. Up to 46.4% more force was required to disrupt hard beans (HB) grown in Ontario compared with soft beans (SB) grown in Manitoba. HB absorbed 12.5% and 14.7% less water during blanching and canning, respectively. Microscopic assessment revealed that canning led to swelling of middle lamella and cell walls, but preservation of cell adhesion in both types of beans. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed reduced labelling of methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) and more non-methyl-esterified HG and arabinan epitopes in HB. Compositional analysis indicated that the polysaccharides from HB were less water soluble and enriched in neutral sugars, including 46.5% more arabinose and 51.8% more galactose than in SB. ELISA analysis of polymers in the canning medium supported the increased solubility of cell wall polymers in SB. In the same cultivar, growth region affects cell wall properties with consequences for processing, eating and nutritional quality.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Inactivation of Microbial Spores Compared on Reference Surfaces and Powder Particles
Authors: Beyrer Michael , Smeu Irina , Martinet David , Howling Alan , Pina-Pérez Maria Consuelo , Ellert Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHeat-resistant spores on a dry, heat- and water-sensitive food matrix are difficult to inactivate. Radioactive or X-ray exposure is allowed and accepted only for some selected commodities. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatments could offer an efficient, fast, and chemical-free solution. The effectiveness of direct contact cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device and air as process gas was evaluated against spores of Bacillus spp., Geobacillus spp., and Penicillium spp. A maximum of 3 log10 cycles of inactivation was achieved for B. coagulans spores exposed for only 10 s at low surface energy of 0.18 W/cm2 determined directly at the electrodes. This corresponds to an initial decimal reduction time of D1 = 0.1 min. Spores of B. subtilis are the most resistant amongst the studied strains (D1 = 1.4 min). The determining parameter in the modeling of the inactivation curve is surface energy. Non-porous, native starch granules or shells from diatoms, a highly porous material, were also contaminated with spores and treated by DBD CAP. The inactivation level was significantly reduced by the presence of powders. Considering plasma diagnostics, it can be concluded that the spore shell is the primary and main target for a plasma-induced inactivation. The inactivation affect scales with surface energy and can be controlled directly via process time and/or discharge power.