bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening mechanisms of pure tungsten subjected to high pressure torsion: Deviation from classic Hall‐Petch relation
Authors: Li P. , Hua Y.‐L. , Yan S.‐L. , Zhou Y.‐F. , Wei X.‐F. , Xue K.‐M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, the ultrafine grained (UFG) tungsten has been fabricated via high pressure torsion (HPT) of various turning numbers at a temperature of 823 K and a pressure of 1.5 GPa. The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of initial and high pressure torsion processed tungsten have been comparatively investigated by means of x‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and microhardness tests. It is shown that high pressure torsion leads to microstructure refinement with an average grain size of ∼0.92 μm and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) increasing to 62.9 %. Moreover, the dislocation density increases from initial 1.17×1014 m−2 to 3.89×1014 m−2. The microhardness tests revealed that hardness increased gradually and its distribution became more homogeneous with torsion strain increasing. The strengthening model was established considering the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. Resultantly, deviation of Hall‐Petch slope was found from the classic values, which is attributed to the easy movement of the extrinsic dislocations in the high angle grain boundaries with high distortion energy and high density of defects.
Fine‐mapping of ZDHHC2 identifies risk variants for schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Xiuli , Ma Chuanchuan , Wang Ke , Zhou Juan , Chen Jianhua , Wang Yonggang , Shi Yongyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundZDHHC2 is a member of the DHHC protein family, mediating palmitoylation of postsynaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95) and A‐kinase‐anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150). Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified ZDHHC2 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to fine‐map variants of ZDHHC2 conferring risk to SCZ in the Han Chinese population.MethodsTargeted sequencing of whole‐exome sequences including untranslated regions (UTRs) along with neighboring regions in 1,827 schizophrenic patients and 1,004 normal controls of Han Chinese origin.ResultsA total of 123 variants, including five common and 118 rare variants, were identified. Among common variants, rs73198534, rs530313445, and rs74406481 were significantly associated with SCZ. Nine nonsynonymous rare variants, p.Glu96fs, p.Arg127X, p.Val145Ile, p.Ala177Thr, p.Arg269Gln, p.Asn312His, p.Glu319Lys, p.Gln340X, and p.Ile347Val, identified only in patients; eight are located in the important domains, including two stop‐gain variants. The 3D structural analysis and functional prediction revealed that all these eight variants may affect AMPAR expression or function, and influence the synaptic plasticity by regulating the palmitoylation of PSD95 and AKAP79/150.ConclusionOur results first show strong supportive evidences of the association between the ZDHHC2 and SCZ, and also provide a fine‐mapping of variants of this gene in Han Chinese SCZ patients.
A complementary Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna array integrated with a complementary Archimedean defected ground structure for portable 4G/5G UWB MIMO communication devices
Authors: Sohi Arashpreet K. , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents the design, development, and experimental validation of an aperture coupled complementary Sierpinski gasket equilateral triangular fractal antenna array for portable 4G/5G UWB communication devices. The proposed antenna array is printed on two FR‐4 substrate layers (ε
r = 4.4, height = 1.57 mm, and tan δ = 0.024) with two fractal triangular patches on the top layer (separated by a distance of 3λ/2) and feed network on the bottom layer of FR‐4. The fractal patches (optimized up to second order of iteration) are fed using an aperture‐coupled feeding mechanism, where the aperture slots in the ground layer are modified to complementary Archimedean spiral slots which are interconnected by a modified “X” shaped slot to improve the impedance matching at the operational bands. The proposed array has overall volumetric dimensions of 41 × 99.4 × 3.245 mm3 and provides a size reduction of 46% for the metallic area using the fractal geometry. The proposed array shows a simulated UWB response from 4.3 to 11.6 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 91.8% at 7.95 GHz) with a simulated peak gain of 4.7 dB (at 9.2 GHz) and port‐to‐port isolation of ≤−15.8 dB for the entire band. For validation of simulated responses, the proposed array is fabricated and tested for S‐parameters (S11, S22, S12, and S21). A measured impedance bandwidth of 6.3 GHz is observed for a frequency band from 5.7 to 12 GHz. Two additional frequency bands are also exhibited by the array from 4.1 to 4.25 GHz and 4.7 to 5.3 GHz. The array diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (≤0.007 [simulated], ≤0.0057 [measured]), diversity gain (≥9.999 [simulated], ≥9.971 [measured]), mean effective gain (≥−3.9 dB [simulated], ≥−5.1 dB [measured]), and channel capacity loss, (≤0.37 bits/s/Hz [simulated], ≤0.4 bits/s/Hz [measured]) which are calculated using the simulated and measured S‐parameters of the array are also observed. These parameters allow the proposed fractal array to be implemented in a diversity combining technique to improve the overall SNR and hence support a high data rate for 4G/5G multimedia services.
Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Khalooeifard Razieh , Djafarian Kurosh , Safabakhsh Maryam , Rahmani Jamal , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionBoth low and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although many studies have been done to determine the relationship between BMI and risk of mortality in the ICU, their results were inconsistent. This study aimed to conduct a dose‐response meta‐analysis of published observational studies to assess the effect of BMI on the risk of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify articles up to May 2019. A total of 31 relevant articles, with 238,961 patients and a follow‐up period of 1 month to 11 years, were analyzed.ResultsLinear analysis showed a 0.6% decrease in mortality rate per unit (kg/m2) increase in BMI (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99). In addition, nonlinear analysis showed a decrease in risk of mortality for a BMI of 35 (P < .001) and then increased the risk of mortality with a BMI > 35 (P < .001).ConclusionThis dose‐response meta‐analysis revealed that a BMI ≤ 35 can be a protective agent against mortality, but a BMI > 35 is a life‐threatening factor in patients admitted to the ICU.
Maternal thyroid disease and its effects on the fetus and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Huget‐Penner Sawyer , Feig Denice S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThyroid disease is common in women of childbearing age and can have significant effects on the development of the fetus and perinatal outcomes. Maternal thyroid hormone is critical for proper fetal neurodevelopment, and the fetus relies on thyroid hormone from its mother for the first half of pregnancy. Both overt maternal hypothyroidism and overt maternal hyperthyroidism have been shown to be associated with adverse effects on central nervous system gray matter and neurocognitive development of offspring as well as increased obstetrical risks. Treatment of overt thyroid conditions improves outcomes. Subclinical maternal hypothyroidism may increase adverse neurocognitive and obstetrical outcomes although data are conflicting. To date, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism has not shown benefit. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is well tolerated in pregnancy. Thyroid autoantibodies alone may also affect neurodevelopment and obstetrical outcomes; however, recent data have shown no improvement with levothyroxine treatment. Several rare maternal genetic thyroid conditions can affect the fetus including a thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor mutation leading to hypersensitivity to human chorionic gonadotropin and thyroid hormone resistance. The thyroid plays a crucial role in fetal health and understanding it is important for optimal care.
Co‐Assembly of Gd(III)‐Based Metallosurfactant and Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles in Organosilica Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Micelles for Highly Efficient MRI and Fluorescent Bimodal Imaging
Authors: Xu Kehan , Xu Na , Zhu Yanchao , Zhang Mengsi , Tang Weijun , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConformity of two biological imaging entities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging, is achieved through co‐assembly of a Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactant, conjugated polymeric nanoparticles, and amphiphilic block copolymer F127 (PEO106PPO70PEO106) followed by crosslinking with organosilica. The cross‐linked micelles with a size around 100 nm exhibit outstanding dispersion stability in aqueous and phosphate buffered saline solutions, bright fluorescence emission, and high relaxivities, providing a new approach to synthesize highly efficient bimodal contrast agents. The relaxivities of the co‐assembled micelles are synergistically enhanced by incorporation of Gd(III) complexes with high hydration number (q = 3) and elongation of rotation correlation time to achieve r1 values up to 105.37 mm−1 s−1 (at 1.5 T), which is over 20 times that of clinically used MRI contrast agents and among the highest values of all the nanoparticular MRI contrast agents. The external PEO layer endows these micelles with very low cytotoxicity for both in vitro and in vivo imaging. Meanwhile, thanks to the enhanced permeability and retention effect originating from their nanoscale sizes, the bimodal contrast agents show a prolonged blood circulation time in vivo and targeted accumulation at tumor regions to display outstanding MRI imaging performance.
A single amino acid substitution alters ClpS2 binding specificity
Authors: Bergonzo Christina , Dharmadhikari Kunal , Samuels Emily , Christensen Makenzie , Tullman Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClpS2 is a small protein under development as a probe for selectively recognizing N‐terminal amino acids of N‐degron peptide fragments. To understand the structural basis of ClpS2 specificity for an N‐terminal amino acid, all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted using the sequence of a bench‐stable mutant of ClpS2, called PROSS. We predicted that a single amino acid leucine to asparagine substitution would switch the specificity of PROSS ClpS2 to an N‐terminal tyrosine over the preferred phenylalanine. Experimental validation of the mutant using a fluorescent yeast‐display assay showed an increase in tyrosine binding over phenylalanine, in support of the proposed hypothesis.
Finite element analysis and experimental investigation of beer bottle‐turnover boxes transport unit under random vibration excitation
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei , Zhong Lin‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamic response of the transport unit of beer bottle‐turnover boxes under the random vibration excitation by using the experiments and finite element (FE) analysis and provides an analytical method of random vibration for a contact nonlinear transport unit with a jumping body through a case study. The acceleration power spectral density (PSD) of the bottle in a single‐layer transport unit and in a bottom layer of a two‐layer transport unit is unimodal; however, that on a top layer of the two‐layer transport unit is basically bimodal. The acceleration response of the bottle in the bottom layer is mainly controlled by a peak frequency and the corresponding excitation PSD near the peak frequency and that on the top layer by two peak frequencies and the corresponding excitation PSDs. The critical stress is located at the bottom and shoulder for the bottle and in the reinforcement area of the bottom plate or at the side‐stiffening plate for the turnover box. A different shape of an excitation spectrum results in a large difference in stress response. The FE results are basically in agreement with the experiments.
A note on “Monitoring the ratio of two normal variables using variable sampling interval exponentially weighted moving average control charts”
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Okorie Idika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsidered monitoring of the ratio of two correlated normal random variables based on an approximation. In this note, we derive a closed form expression for the ratio of two correlated normal random variables. We point out that the approximation used in Nguyen et al. does not always perform well.
Two‐Channel Kondo Physics: From Engineered Structures to Quantum Materials Realizations
Authors: Kirchner Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Kondo effect assumes a central role in condensed matter physics. It describes the exchange scattering of electrons with a localized moment and occurs in a wide range of settings from rare earth‐based intermetallics to nanotubes and semiconductor heterostructures. A conceptually simple extension of the model, known as the two‐channel Kondo model, can give rise to singular scattering and the formation of an unconventional metal. Although the observation of the standard Kondo effect has become ubiquitous, its two‐channel counterpart has been proven difficult to realize. This article reviews attempts, challenges, and successes in realizing the two‐channel Kondo effect in artificial structures and real quantum materials.
Finland’s great depression of the 1990s: Lessons about financial reform based on econometric macro evidence
Authors: Ahtiala Pekka , Junttila Juha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper re‐examines the Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s, based on an open macro model, with specific dummy variables to identify the initial effects of liberalized financial markets and capital mobility, and of the Russian trade collapse. It is shown that the explosive credit expansion resulting from the simultaneous liberalization of the financial markets and international capital movements in 1986 has played the most important role in explaining the uncontrolled growth and the subsequent depression in 1989 in real economic activity in Finland. Their effects were strengthened by a vicious circle between the financial and asset markets. The Russian trade collapse in 1991 had a smaller partial effect on economic activity than did any other explanatory variable. The results suggest that some of the present day problems in the euro area, especially those occurring post‐2008 in the “Club Med” countries, are very alarming. In many cases, they are results of expansionary policies based on unsustainable capital imports, made possible by the introduction of the euro, and the consequences resemble in many ways those during the 1990s Great Depression period in Finland.
Activated Carbon Derived from Phoenix dactylifera (Palm Tree) and Decorated with MnO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Electrodes
Authors: Govindan Bharath , Alhseinat Emad , Darawsheh Ismail F. F. , Ismail Issam , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Jaoude Maguy Abi , Arangadi Abdul F. , Banat Fawzi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the electro‐sorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbon (AC) electrodes, produced from the leaf base of Phoenix dactylifera (palm tree) waste, are modified by enabling the reversible intercalation/conversion of sodium ions through the presence of nanoscale α‐MnO2 particles acting as redox mediators. The α‐MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are hydrothermally grown on the AC powder to obtain a functional composite material (α‐MnO2/f‐AC). The morphological, textural, and physicochemical surface properties of the pristine and modified AC materials are thoroughly examined and correlated with the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes that are implemented in an asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) cell configuration (i. e. capacitive vs Faradaic electrodes). The pristine biowaste‐derived AC presents a high specific surface area of 1224 m2 g−1, and high electrical capacitance of 259 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1. The α‐MnO2 surface modification approach of the pristine material retains its large accessible surface area, and additionally enables a 50% increase in its specific capacitance value. The incorporation of the α‐MnO2/f‐AC material in the anode and the pristine source in the cathode produces superior electrosorption capacity, as high as 17.8mgg−1 in batch‐mode CDI tests with 600mg L−1 NaCl feed. The enhanced electrical performance and pseudocapacitive behavior of the CDI cell can be explained by the α‐MnO2 nanoparticles playing a critical role in enabling a synergistic redox‐based charge‐discharge pathway under conditions compatible with the voltage operation requirements of the CDI process.
Highly Efficient and Recyclable Fe‐OMS‐2 Catalyst for Enhanced Degradation of Acid Orange 7 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Huang Yu , Wu You , Wang Yanlan , Meng Xu , Liu Xiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere Fe‐doped on manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (Fe‐OMS‐2) has been successfully synthesized and used as an efficient catalyst for acid orange 7 degradation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate in aqueous solutions. Then Fe‐OMS‐2 has been characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fe‐OMS‐2 catalyst exhibits higher efficiency for the degradation of acid orange 7 in comparison with OMS‐2. Then various amounts of Fe‐OMS‐2, AO7 concentration and PMS concentration have also been tested for the degradation of acid orange 7. In addition, the catalyst Fe‐OMS‐2 has been successfully reused 5 times without significant decrease in catalytic activity by simple filtration.
Insight on the Impact of the Reduction Step on the Site‐Directed Conjugation of an Anti‐HER2 Cysteine‐Engineered Antibody
Authors: Miret Joan , Camps Marc , Farràs Mercè , Román Ramón , Erb Stéphane , Cianferani Sarah , Casablancas Antoni , Cairó Jordi J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCysteine‐based conjugation is one of the main antibody conjugation strategies for generating both heterogeneous and homogeneous Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), being the reduction of the antibody a crucial step in these processes. In this work we have analysed the reduction conditions for the site‐directed conjugation of an anti‐HER2 (Human Epidermal Receptor 2) Trastuzumab_cys114 antibody to the cytotoxic drug vcMMAE (valine‐citrulline monomethyl auristatin E), with an aimed average DAR (Drug‐Antibody Ratio) of 2. Initial reduction was found to have a direct impact on the availability of free thiols for the conjugation: increasing of reducing agent concentration (until a molar excess of 50x) in the reduction step resulted in a lower proportion of naked antibody in the final ADC product and allowed us to obtain an ADC close to the DAR of interest. This work shows that reduction conditions must be adjusted in order to obtain the desired homogeneous ADC product.
Design and Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Drugs for Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Bhatt Priyanka , Sen Anik , Jha Anjali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn ultrasound assisted multi‐component synthesis of a series of 2‐(N‐heterocycle) substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles have been performed. A proper IR, UV, Mass and NMR spectral analysis supported the 12 synthesized novel compounds. Compound 5‐bromo‐1‐((4‐chlorophenyl)((5‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)amino)methyl) indoline‐2,3‐dione (D8), displayed significant cytotoxicity against all the three human cancer cell lines studied in this article (breast cancer cell line MCF‐7, colorectal cancer cell line HT‐29 and liver cancer cell line Hep G2) using MTT assay. Further in silico target hunting using Chem Mapper led to the identification of two important cancer targets; EGFR and CDK2 kinases. Compound D8 was studied in detail using AutoDock and displayed high binding energies with the two proteins. Quantum chemical calculations of the designed compound D8 at the active site with specific amino acids for both the proteins showed stronger interactions at the active sites similar to the docking studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrapure HKUST‐1 MOFs as Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Green Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Kal‐Koshvandi Afsaneh Taheri , Maleki Ali , Tarlani Aliakbar , Soroush Maral Rahim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, an ultrapure HKUST‐1 MOFs synthesized through a precise methodology as a heterogeneous catalyst for a green approach to the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via two‐, three‐, and four‐component reactions in milder reaction conditions, is presented. Various preparation methods to produce HKUST‐1 such as microwave irradiation, reflux, hydrothermal technique, and ultrasonication have been precisely compared and it has been proven that the best result is obtained during the hydrothermal technique. This is the first design, preparation, characterization, and application in the present of HKUST‐1 MOFs to the synthesis of the biologically and pharmaceutically important tetrazole compounds in green conditions. Moreover, plausible mechanisms of reactions have also been suggested for the catalytic activity of the presented catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as FT‐IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD. Additionally, HKUST‐1 is recoverable as well as reusable without any significant loss of its activity, which strongly supports the heterogeneous nature of the catalyyst. This novel catalysis protocol offers several advantages such as eco‐friendly conditions, lower reaction time, milder reaction conditions, excellent catalytic activity and an easy separation of the catalyst make it a good heterogeneous system.
An Efficient Chemo‐Selective N‐Alkylation Methodology for the Structure Diversification of Indolylbenzimidazoles
Authors: Barasa Leonard , Yong Alison , Yoganathan Sabesan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndolylbenzimidazoles have emerged as an important pharmacophore during drug discovery efforts. More specifically, N‐alkylation of indole and/or benzimidazole motifs has been a useful strategy for structure diversification to generate bioactive leads. Herein, we report a simple and efficient methodology for the chemo‐selective N‐alkylation of indolylbenzimidazole scaffolds. This approach takes advantage of the pKa differences between the indole and benzimidazole nitrogen to achieve the desired chemo‐selectivity. Using the reported method, one can readily access a selection of mono‐N‐alkylated or asymmetrically bis‐alkylated indolylbenzimidazole scaffolds in a simple one‐pot operation. Moreover, this method provides the desired products in excellent yield and demonstrates a broad substrate scope.