bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dysfunction during loss of prohibitin 1 triggers Paneth cell defects and ileitis
Authors: Jackson Dakota N , Panopoulos Marina , Neumann William L , Turner Kevin , Cantarel Brandi L , Thompson-Snipes LuAnn , Dassopoulos Themistocles , Feagins Linda A , Souza Rhonda F , Mills Jason C , Blumberg Richard S , Venuprasad K , Thompson Winston E , Theiss Arianne L 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAlthough perturbations in mitochondrial function and structure have been described in the intestinal epithelium of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients, the role of epithelial mitochondrial stress in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is not well elucidated. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a major component protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane crucial for optimal respiratory chain assembly and function, is decreased during IBD.DesignMale and female mice with inducible intestinal epithelial cell deletion of Phb1 (Phb1iΔIEC) or Paneth cell-specific deletion of Phb1 (Phb1ΔPC) and Phb1fl/fl control mice were housed up to 20 weeks to characterise the impact of PHB1 deletion on intestinal homeostasis. To suppress mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, Mito-Tempo, was administered. To examine epithelial cell-intrinsic responses, intestinal enteroids were generated from crypts of Phb1iΔIEC or Phb1ΔPC mice.ResultsPhb1iΔIEC mice exhibited spontaneous ileal inflammation that was preceded by mitochondrial dysfunction in all IECs and early abnormalities in Paneth cells. Mito-Tempo ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, Paneth cell abnormalities and ileitis in Phb1iΔIEC ileum. Deletion of Phb1 specifically in Paneth cells (Phb1ΔPC) was sufficient to cause ileitis. Intestinal enteroids generated from crypts of Phb1iΔIEC or Phb1ΔPC mice exhibited decreased viability and Paneth cell defects that were improved by Mito-Tempo.ConclusionOur results identify Paneth cells as highly susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction and central to the pathogenesis of ileitis, with translational implications for the subset of Crohn’s disease patients exhibiting Paneth cell defects.
Two-year regional grey and white matter volume changes with natalizumab and fingolimod
Authors: Preziosa Paolo , Rocca Maria A , Pagani Elisabetta , Storelli Loredana , Rodegher Mariaemma , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of fingolimod and natalizumab in preventing regional grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over 2 years.MethodsPatients with RRMS starting fingolimod (n=25) or natalizumab (n=30) underwent clinical examination and 3T MRI scans at baseline (month (M) 0), M6, M12 and M24. Seventeen healthy controls were also scanned at M0 and M24. Tensor-based morphometry and SPM12 were used to assess the longitudinal regional GM/WM volume changes.ResultsAt M0, no clinical or GM/WM volume differences were found between treatment groups. At M24, both drugs reduced relapse rate (p<0.001 for both) and stabilised disability. At M6 vs M0, both groups experienced significant atrophy of several areas in the cortex, deep GM nuclei and supratentorial WM. Significant bilateral cerebellar GM and WM atrophy occurred in fingolimod patients only. At M12 vs M6 and M24 vs M12, further supratentorial GM and WM atrophy occurred in both groups. Bilateral GM/WM cerebellar atrophy continued to progress in fingolimod patients only. Compared with natalizumab, fingolimod-treated patients showed a significant cerebellar GM/WM atrophy, mainly at M6 vs M0, but still occurring up to M24. Compared with fingolimod, natalizumab-treated patients had a small number of areas of GM atrophy in temporo-occipital regions at the different time-points.ConclusionsNatalizumab and fingolimod are associated with heterogeneous temporal and regional patterns of GM and WM atrophy progression. Compared with natalizumab, fingolimod-treated patients experience accelerated GM and WM atrophy in the cerebellum, while both drugs show minimal regional volumetric differences in supratentorial regions.
Autonomic and cortical response of soldiers in different combat scenarios
Authors: Tornero Aguilera José Francisco , Fernandez Elias V , Clemente-Suárez V J 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe study of chronic and acute responses when exposed to extreme, aggressive and stressful environments, such as in combat environments, is becoming increasingly popular as such information leads to better optimisation of soldiers’ physical and psychological performance, as well as mission effectiveness and efficiency. Due to internal complexity, uncertainty and variability of real combat scenarios, a specific approach to all possible types of military combat scenarios is necessary.MethodsModifications in the autonomic modulation and cortical arousal before and after asymmetrical, symmetrical and close quarter combat simulations were analysed in 31 male professional veteran soldiers (age: 34.5±4.2 years) with between seven and 18 years of experience in their respective units, as well as experience in international missions in current conflict areas such as Lebanon, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq.ResultsThe three combat situations produced a non-significant decrease in cortical arousal after combat simulations, presenting a trivial effect size in symmetrical and close quarter combat situations and a small effect size in asymmetrical situations. HR increased significantly in the three combat situations, and close quarter combat produced the highest sympathetic modulation of the three situations analysed.ConclusionSymmetrical, asymmetrical and close quarter combat situations produced an increase in sympathetic modulation, being highest in the close quarter combat situation, where actions are performed at a close distance and in closed spaces.
Veterans Universal Passport: a pilot of a health and social care record for UK ex-service personnel
Authors: Godier-McBard Lauren Rose , Fossey M 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe transfer of care between different health and social care systems are often associated with poor outcomes and disengagement. Indeed, following the transition from military to civilian life, ex-service personnel report difficulties in navigating civilian health and social care services. Personal healthcare records are associated with a number of benefits, including improved continuity of care and patient empowerment. As such, this pilot project aimed to assess the benefits of the Veterans Universal Passport (VUP) in supporting UK ex-service personnel accessing NHS services.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight participants (three ex-service personnel, two carers, three health and social care professionals) who had used the VUP. Interviews explored the benefits, challenges and unmet needs associated with the VUP. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes within this framework.ResultsParticipants felt that the VUP improved continuity of care and promoted a feeling of control over care. The military-specific nature of the VUP promoted a sense of identity and provided a ‘support scaffold’ for navigating the complexities of the civilian healthcare system. Challenges included awareness among health and social care professionals, and engagement of users. All participants suggested development into a digital application.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the VUP had a positive impact on veterans’ access to civilian health and social care services, highlighting that it provided a much-needed structure to their journey through treatment. Considering the parallels with other health and social care transitions, translation for other populations may be beneficial.
Digital subtraction angiographic characteristics of progression of moyamoya disease 6 months prior to surgical revascularisation
Authors: Ge Peicong , Zhang Qian , Ye Xun , Liu Xingju , Deng Xiaofeng , Wang Jia , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Zhang Dong , Zhao Ji Zong 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundEvidence on the natural angiographic course of moyamoya disease (MMD) is lacking. It takes about 6 months for waiting for revascularisation surgery. The issue of when to perform subtraction angiography (DSA) for follow-up remains unclear. We investigated the natural course of MMD by DSA and attempted to determine the best interval to perform the follow-up DSA.MethodsThis is a single-centre cohort study of Chinese MMD inpatients treated from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2019. Their angiographic findings were evaluated on Suzuki stage and collateral circulation between two follow-ups of the same hemisphere.ResultsA total of 110 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in this study. After a median 6 months follow-up, five patients (4.5%) had progression, four females and one male. Time interval of progression ranged from 4 to 137 months with a mean of 61.4 months. Of five patients with progression, four had unilateral lesion (two ipsilateral and two contralateral) and one had bilateral lesions. Collateral circulation was changed in three of five patients.ConclusionsThe angiographic evidence of progression in MMD was rare in the short-term follow-up, and most patients with progression had initial unilateral involvement. DSA re-examination may be not needed in patients with bilateral MMD, but needed in unilateral MMD.
Characteristics of a wing-like sandstone intrusion, Volund Field
Authors: Satur Nicholas , Hurst Andrew , Bang Asgeir , Skjærpe Ivar , Muehlboeck Sarah Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Reservoirs in the Volund Field are all sandstone intrusions with wings on three sides forming the main reservoir volumes. The southern wing was the target of exploration and appraisal wells, which led to the field development. Identification of three smaller intrusions proves the southern wing to be a composite intrusion, similar to outcrop analogues. Identification from core and borehole logs shows that it comprises sandstone-, mudstone- and mudstone-rich intervals, including mudstone clast breccia. Mudstone clast breccia constitutes a significant missed pay candidate. Breccia is porous and has a sand-supported matrix, which gives it excellent reservoir quality. This may be missed pay using analysis of borehole logs. Well data, largely borehole logs, show consistently uniform sandstone porosity distribution within the intrusions, independent of depth. Significantly, at about 100 m from the depth at which the wing emanates from sills, porosity has a broader spread of values. The spread of values is attributable to mudstone clast breccia and thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone. Porosity derived from borehole logs does not differentiate breccia from siltstone, but inference is possible using calibration of logs with core.
From gravity cores to overpressure history: the importance of measured sediment physical properties in hydrogeological models
Authors: Mencaroni Davide , Llopart Jaume , Urgeles Roger , Lafuerza Sara , Gràcia Eulàlia , Le Friant Anne , Urlaub Morelia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The development of overpressure in continental margins is typically evaluated with hydrogeological models. Such approaches are used to both identify fluid flow patterns and to evaluate the development of high pore pressures within layers with particular physical properties that may promote slope instability. In some instances, these models are defined with sediment properties based on facies characterization and proxy values of porosity; permeability or compressibility are derived from the existing literature as direct measurements are rarely available. This study uses finite-element models to quantify the differences in computed overpressure generated by fine-grained hemipelagic sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz, offshore Martinique and the Gulf of Mexico, and their consequences in terms of submarine slope stability. By comparing our simulation results with
in situ
pore pressure data measured in the Gulf of Mexico, we demonstrate that physical properties measured on volcanic-influenced hemipelagic sediments underestimate the computed stability of a submarine slope. Physical properties measured on sediments from the study area are key to improving the reliability and accuracy of overpressure models, and when that information is unavailable, literature data from samples with similar lithologies, composition and depositional settings enable better assessment of the overpressure role as a pre-conditioning factor in submarine landslide initiation.
Spinal cord neural network interactions: implications for sympathetic control of the porcine heart
Authors: Dale Erica A. , Kipke Jasmine , Kubo Yukiko , Sunshine Michael D. , Castro Peter A. , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Mahajan Aman 
Published: February 2020

Inherent and acquired factors determine the integrated autonomic response to cardiovascular stressors. Excessive sympathoexcitation to ischemic stress is a major contributor to the potential for sudden cardiac death. To define fundamental aspects of cardiac-related autonomic neural network interactions within the thoracic cord, specifically as related to modulating sympathetic preganglionic (SPN) neural activity. Adult, anesthetized Yorkshire pigs ( n = 10) were implanted with penetrating high-density microarrays (64 electrodes) at the T2 level of the thoracic spinal cord to record extracellular potentials concurrently from left-sided dorsal horn (DH) and SPN neurons. Electrical stimulation of the T2 paravertebral chain allowed for antidromic identification of SPNs located in the intermediolateral cell column (57 of total 1,760 recorded neurons). Cardiac stressors included epicardial touch, occlusion of great vessels to transiently alter preload/afterload, and transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Spatial/temporal assessment of network interactions was characterized by cross-correlation analysis. While some DH neurons responded solely to changes in preload/afterload (8.5 ± 1.9%) or ischemic stress (10.5 ± 3.9%), the majority of cardiovascular-related DH neurons were multimodal (30.2 ± 4.7%) with ischemia sensitivity being one of the modalities (26.1 ± 4.7%). The sympathoexcitation associated with transient LAD occlusion was associated with increased correlations from baseline within DH neurons (2.43 ± 0.61 to 7.30 ± 1.84%, P = 0.04) and between SPN to DH neurons (1.32 ± 0.78 to 7.24 ± 1.84%, P = 0.02). DH to SPN network correlations were reduced during great vessel occlusion. In conclusion, increased intrasegmental network coherence within the thoracic spinal cord contributes to myocardial ischemia-induced sympathoexcitation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In an in vivo pig model, we demonstrate using novel high-resolution neural electrode arrays that increased intrasegmental network coherence within the thoracic spinal cord contributes to myocardial ischemia-induced sympathoexcitation.
Antonio Candido, criador da área de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada
Authors: Nitrini Sandra 
Published: February 2020

Amparado na sua atuação de crítico literário, ainda como professor de Sociologia, Antonio Candido percebeu que havia uma carência de estudos gerais introdutórios e estudos teóricos espe-cializados, indispensáveis para uma boa formação acadêmica dos estudantes de Letras, ao contrário do que ocorria em outras faculdades e em outros cursos, nas quais já existiam disciplinas com este objetivo. Ele se valerá desta observação para fundamen-tar sua sugestão de se criar uma disciplina deste teor no curso de Letras, encaminhada à Congregação da, então, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP e aprovada em 1959.
A atuação de Antonio Candido como professor que inaugurou o campo de estudos teóricos e comparativos na USP constitui o foco principal deste artigo, que contempla também um memento dos colaboradores que contribuíram e dos que contribuem atual-mente para o desenvolvimento da Área de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada.
Utilization of Cardiac Surveillance Tests in Survivors of Breast Cancer and Lymphoma After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Ruddy Kathryn J. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Van Houten Holly , Nowsheen Somaira , Sandhu Nicole , Moslehi Javid , Neuman Heather , Jemal Ahmedin , Haddad Tufia C. , Blaes Anne H. , Villarraga Hector R. , Thompson Carrie , Shah Nilay D. , Herrmann Joerg 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Society of Clinical Oncology recommend consideration of the use of echocardiography 6 to 12 months after completion of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in at-risk populations. Assessment of BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) has also been suggested by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America for the identification of Stage A (at risk) heart failure patients. The real-world frequency of the use of these tests in patients after receipt of anthracycline therapy, however, has not been studied previously.

Methods and Results:

In this retrospective study, using administrative claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, we identified 31 447 breast cancer and lymphoma patients (age ≥18 years) who were treated with an anthracycline in the United States between January 1, 2008 and January 31, 2018. Continuous medical and pharmacy coverage was required for at least 6 months before the initial anthracycline dose and 12 months after the final dose. Only 36.1% of patients had any type of cardiac surveillance (echocardiography, BNP, or cardiac imaging) in the year following completion of anthracycline therapy (29.7% echocardiography). Surveillance rate increased from 37.5% in 2008 to 42.7% in 2018 (25.6% in 2008 to 40.5% echocardiography in 2018). Lymphoma patients had a lower likelihood of any surveillance compared with patients with breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74–0.85];
P
<0.001). Patients with preexisting diagnoses of coronary artery disease and arrhythmia had the highest likelihood of cardiac surveillance (odds ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.39–1.69] and odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.3–1.53];
P
<0.001 for both), although no single comorbidity was associated with a >50% rate of surveillance.

Conclusions:
The majority of survivors of breast cancer and lymphoma who have received anthracycline-based chemotherapy do not undergo cardiac surveillance after treatment, including those with a history of cardiovascular comorbidities, such as heart failure.
A Basic Effect of Cloud Radiative Effects on Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Li Ying , Thompson David W. J. , Olonscheck Dirk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCloud radiative effects (CREs) are known to play a central role in governing the long-term mean distribution of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Very recent work suggests that CREs may also play a role in governing the variability of SSTs in the context of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Here, the authors exploit numerical simulations in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model with two different representations of CREs to demonstrate that coupling between CREs and the atmospheric circulation has a much more general and widespread effect on tropical climate than that indicated in previous work. The results reveal that coupling between CREs and the atmospheric circulation leads to robust increases in SST variability on time scales longer than a month throughout the tropical oceans. Remarkably, cloud–circulation coupling leads to more than a doubling of the amplitude of decadal-scale variability in tropical-mean SSTs. It is argued that the increases in tropical SST variance derive primarily from the coupling between SSTs and shortwave CREs: Coupling increases the memory in shortwave CREs on hourly and daily time scales and thus reddens the spectrum of shortwave CREs and increases their variance on time scales spanning weeks to decades. Coupling between SSTs and CREs does not noticeably affect the variance of SSTs in the extratropics, where the effects from variability in CREs on the surface energy budget are much smaller than the effects from the turbulent heat fluxes. The results indicate a basic but critical role of CREs in climate variability throughout the tropics.
African Economies in the Shadow of China: Effects of Bilateral Trade Structure on Economic Growth in Africa
Authors: Maswana Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2020

This study aimed at assessing the effects of bilateral trade intensity by export categories in the China–Africa trade links on economic growth in Africa, by using a production function approach in a panel system GMM estimator. The findings suggest that conditional on the level of the logistics index and China’s FDI to Africa, economic growth tends to be greater in countries with higher index of trade intensity in manufactured exports to China. Another noticeable finding is that the potential contribution of manufactured exports to economic growth is higher than that of primary exports; African countries are constrained in their trade expansion with China by low-logistics quality. Surprisingly, the current logistics infrastructure, as low quality as they are, remain somehow adequate for primary commodity exports to China. JEL Codes: F14, F43, O19, O47, O55
Serotonin mediates the panicolytic-like effect of oxytocin in the dorsal periaqueductal gray
Authors: De Oliveira Sergio Thatiane , Frias Alana Tercino , Vilela-Costa Heloisa Helena , De Oliveira Danielle CG , Zuardi Antônio W , Zangrossi Hélio 
Published: February 2020

Introduction and objectives: Oxytocin (OT) has been widely linked to positive social interactions, and there is great interest in OT as a therapy for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Recent evidence also suggests that OT can play an important role in the mediation of anxiety-associated defensive responses, including a role for serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission in this action. However, it is presently unknown whether OT additionally regulates the expression of panic-related behaviors, such as escape, by acting in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), a key panic-regulating area. This study aimed to investigate the consequence of OT injection in the dPAG on escape expression and whether facilitation of 5-HT neurotransmission in this midbrain area is implicated in this action. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected with OT in the dPAG and tested for escape expression in the elevated T-maze (ETM) and dPAG electrical stimulation tests. Using the latter test, OT’s effect was also investigated after previous intra-dPAG injection of the OT receptor antagonist atosiban, the preferential antagonists of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, WAY-100635 and ketanserin, respectively, or systemic pretreatment with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-CPA. Results: OT impaired escape expression in the two tests used, suggesting a panicolytic-like effect. In the ETM, the peptide also facilitated inhibitory avoidance acquisition, indicating an anxiogenic effect. Previous administration of atosiban, WAY-100635, ketanserin, or p-CPA counteracted OT’s anti-escape effect. Conclusions: OT and 5-HT in the dPAG interact in the regulation of panic- and anxiety-related defensive responses. These findings open new perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of anxiety disorders.