bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient solution of the anisotropic spherically aligned axisymmetric Jeans equations of stellar hydrodynamics for galactic dynamics
Authors: Cappellari Michele 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTI present a flexible solution for the axisymmetric Jeans equations of stellar hydrodynamics under the assumption of an anisotropic (three-integral) velocity ellipsoid aligned with the spherical polar coordinate system. I describe and test a robust and efficient algorithm for its numerical computation. I outline the evaluation of the intrinsic velocity moments and the projection of all first and second velocity moments, including both the line-of-sight velocities and the proper motions. This spherically aligned Jeans anisotropic modelling (JAMsph) method can describe in detail the photometry and kinematics of real galaxies. It allows for a spatially varying anisotropy, or stellar mass-to-light ratio gradients, as well as for the inclusion of general dark matter distributions and supermassive black holes. The JAMsph method complements my previously derived cylindrically aligned JAMcyl and spherical Jeans solutions, which I also summarize in this paper. Comparisons between results obtained with either JAMsph or JAMcyl can be used to assess the robustness of inferred dynamical quantities. As an illustration, I modelled the ATLAS3D sample of 260 early-type galaxies with high-quality integral-field spectroscopy, using both methods. I found that they provide statistically indistinguishable total density logarithmic slopes. This may explain the previously reported success of the JAM method in recovering density profiles of real or simulated galaxies. A reference software implementation of JAMsph is included in the publicly available jam software package.
Inverted duplicate DNA sequences increase translocation rates through sequencing nanopores resulting in reduced base calling accuracy
Authors: Spealman Pieter , Burrell Jaden , Gresham David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInverted duplicated DNA sequences are a common feature of structural variants (SVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Analysis of CNVs containing inverted duplicated DNA sequences using nanopore sequencing identified recurrent aberrant behavior characterized by low confidence, incorrect and missed base calls. Inverted duplicate DNA sequences in both yeast and human samples were observed to have systematic elevation in the electrical current detected at the nanopore, increased translocation rates and decreased sampling rates. The coincidence of inverted duplicated DNA sequences with dramatically reduced sequencing accuracy and an increased translocation rate suggests that secondary DNA structures may interfere with the dynamics of transit of the DNA through the nanopore.
Safety of ixekizumab in adult patients with plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from 21 clinical trials
Authors: Genovese Mark C , Mysler Eduardo , Tomita Tetsuya , Papp Kim A , Salvarani Carlo , Schwartzman Sergio , Gallo Gaia , Patel Himanshu , Lisse Jeffrey R , Kronbergs Andris , Leage Soyi Liu , Adams David H , Xu Wen , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Lebwohl Mark G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this integrated analysis is to evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of ixekizumab in adults with psoriasis, PsA and axial SpA.

Methods
Integrated safety data from 21 clinical trials are presented by indication in patients who received at least one dose of ixekizumab. Adverse events (AEs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) adjusted incidence rates (IRs) per 100 patient-years (PY) up to 5 years’ exposure are reported.

Results
A total of 8228 patients with an ixekizumab exposure of 20 895.9 PY were included in this analysis. The most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection and injection-site reactions. Across populations, IRs were low for AEs leading to discontinuation (IRs ≤5.1 per 100 PY), serious AEs (IRs ≤6.0 per 100 PY) and death (IRs ≤0.3 per 100 PY). The most reported TEAEs of special interest were infections (IRs ≤35.8 per 100 PY). Patients rarely reported malignancies (IR ≤0.8), IBD including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (IR ≤0.8) and major adverse cardiovascular events (IR ≤0.5). TEAEs were most commonly reported the first 2 years of exposure with ixekizumab and IR decreased over the years (infections, injection-site reactions and depression) or remained constant over the entire treatment period (serious infections, major adverse cardiovascular events, malignancies and IBD).

Conclusion
This long-term analysis on the safety of ixekizumab was consistent with previously published reports and did not show any new safety signals. The safety profile and tolerability reported in this integrated analysis remained consistent with the known safety profile for ixekizumab.
EUREKA algorithm predicts obstetric risk and response to treatment in women with different subsets of anti-phospholipid antibodies
Authors: Pregnolato Francesca , Gerosa Maria , Raimondo Maria Gabriella , Comerio Chiara , Bartoli Francesca , Lonati Paola A , Borghi Maria Orietta , Acaia Barbara , Ossola Manuela Wally , Ferrazzi Enrico , Trespidi Laura , Meroni Pier Luigi , Chighizola Cecilia B 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesaPL, the serum biomarkers of APS, are the most common acquired causes of pregnancy morbidity (PM). This study investigates the impact of aPL positivity fulfilling classification criteria (‘criteria aPL’) and at titres lower than thresholds considered by classification criteria (‘low-titre aPL’) on PM and assesses the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin (LDASA), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and HCQ in reducing the probability of PM (PPM).MethodsLongitudinal data on 847 pregnancies in 155 women with persistent aPL at any titre and 226 women with autoimmune diseases and negative aPL were retrospectively collected. A generalized estimating equations model for repeated measures was applied to quantify PPM under different clinical situations.ResultsEUREKA is a novel algorithm that accurately predicts the risk of aPL-associated PM by considering aPL titres and profiles. aPL significantly impact PPM when at low titres and when fulfilling classification criteria. PPM was further stratified upon the aPL tests: aCL IgG/IgM and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) IgM, alone or combined, do not affect the basal risks of PPM, an increase occurs in case of positive LA or anti-β2GPI IgG. LDASA significantly affects PPM exclusively in women with low-titre aPL without anti-β2GPI IgG. The LDASA + LMWH combination significantly reduces PPM in all women with low-titre aPL and women with criteria aPL, except those carrying LA and anti-β2GPI IgG. In this group, the addition of HCQ further reduces PPM, although not significantly.ConclusionEUREKA allows a tailored therapeutic approach, impacting everyday clinical management of aPL-positive pregnant women.
Transport losses in market weight pigs: II. U.S. incidence and economic impact
Authors: Ritter Matthew J , Yoder Chad L , Jones Corey L , Carr Scott N , Calvo-Lorenzo Michelle S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An industry survey representing approximately 310 million (M) market weight pigs was conducted with 20 U.S. slaughter facilities over the calendars years of 2012 to 2015 to determine the incidence, seasonal patterns, and estimated economic impact of dead and non-ambulatory pigs. Each plant entered daily totals in a secure online database for the following variables: 1) pigs slaughtered, 2) dead on arrival (DOA; dead on the truck), 3) euthanized on arrival (EOA; non-ambulatory pig with an injury that required euthanasia), 4) dead in pen (DIP; died after unloading), and 5) non-ambulatory (pig unable to move or keep up with the rest of the group from unloading to stunning). Total dead pigs were calculated as DOA + EOA + DIP, and total losses were calculated as non-ambulatory + total dead. The economic impact was estimated based on the 4-yr weighted averages from USDA annual reports for market swine slaughtered (108,470,550 pigs), live market weight (126.9 kg), and live market price ($1.44/kg). The 4-yr weighted averages for total dead, non-ambulatory, and total losses were 0.26%, 0.63%, and 0.88%, respectively. Total dead consisted of 0.15% DOA, 0.05% EOA, and 0.05% DIP. The months with the highest rates of total dead were July (0.29%), August (0.32%), and September (0.30%), while the lowest incidence rates occurred in February (0.22%), March (0.22%), and April (0.22%). The months with the highest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of October (0.70%), November (0.71%), and December (0.70%), whereas the lowest rates of non-ambulatory pigs were observed during the months of April (0.57%), May (0.53%), and June (0.54%). The following assumptions were used in the economic analysis: 1) dead pigs received no value and 2) non-ambulatory pigs were discounted 30%. Based on these assumptions, the annual cost to the industry for dead and non-ambulatory pigs was estimated to be $52 M ($0.48 per pig marketed) and $37 M ($0.35 per pig marketed), respectively. Therefore, total losses represent approximately $89 M in economic losses or $0.83 per pig marketed. This is the first industry-wide survey on the incidence of transport losses in market weight pigs at U.S. slaughter facilities, and this information is important for establishing an industry baseline and benchmark for transport losses that can be used for measuring industry improvements.
Society of Behavioral Medicine Call to Action: Include obesity/overweight management education in health professional curricula and provide coverage for behavior-based treatments of obesity/overweight most commonly provided by psychologists, dieticians, counselors, and other health care professionals and include such providers on all multidisciplinary teams treating patients who have overweight or obesity
Authors: Ockene Judith K , Ashe Karen , Peterson Kenneth S , Fitzgibbon Marian , Buscemi Joanna , Dulin Akilah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Obesity is a serious chronic disease whose prevalence has grown to epidemic proportions over the past five decades and is a major contributor to the global burden of most common cancers, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, liver disease, and sleep apnea. Primary care clinicians, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, are often the first health care professionals to identify obesity or overweight during routine long-term care and have the opportunity to intervene to prevent and treat disease. However, they often lack the training and skills needed to deliver scientifically validated, behavior-based treatments. These gaps must be addressed in order to treat the obesity epidemic.
The Society of Behavioral Medicine strongly urges health professional educators and accrediting agencies to include obesity and overweight management education for primary care clinicians. Additionally, we support promoting referrals and reimbursement for psychologists, dieticians, and other health care professionals as critical members of the care team and improving reimbursement levels for behavioral obesity and overweight management treatment.
Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri, a long-rostrumed Pennsylvanian ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and the simultaneous appearance of novel ecomorphologies in Late Palaeozoic fishes
Authors: Stack Jack , Hodnett John-Paul , Lucas Spencer G , Sallan Lauren 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Carboniferous radiation of fishes was marked by the convergent appearance of then-novel but now common ecomorphologies resulting from changes in the relative proportions of traits, including elongation of the front of the skull (rostrum). The earliest ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) with elongate rostra are poorly known, obscuring the earliest appearances of a now widespread feature in actinopterygians. We redescribe Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri, a long-rostrumed actinopterygian from the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) of the Kinney Brick Quarry, New Mexico. Tanyrhinichthys has a lengthened rostrum bearing a sensory canal, ventrally inserted paired fins, posteriorly placed median fins unequal in size and shape, and a heterocercal caudal fin. Tanyrhinichthys shares these features with sturgeons, but lacks chondrostean synapomorphies, indicating convergence on a bottom-feeding lifestyle. Elongate rostra evolved independently in two lineages of bottom-dwelling, freshwater actinopterygians in the Late Pennsylvanian of Euramerica, as well as in at least one North American chondrichthyan (Bandringa rayi). The near-simultaneous appearance of novel ecomorphologies among multiple, distantly related lineages of actinopterygians and chondrichthyans was common during the Carboniferous radiation of fishes. This may reflect global shifts in marine and freshwater ecosystems and environments during the Carboniferous favouring such ecomorphologies, or it may have been contingent on the plasticity of early actinopterygians and chondrichthyans.
Interactions between the visual and motor systems during optokinetic stimulation and simultaneous dynamic handgrip exercise: an EEG study
Authors: Cross-Villasana Fernando , Dowsett James , Mastropasqua Angela , Dieterich Marianne , Taylor Paul C.J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInhibitory interactions between the visual and motor systems are robustly found during the transient stimulation of either system. However, it is unknown how such interactions operate if both systems are continuously and simultaneously activated. To test this, we engaged the visual-oculomotor system in 14 right-handers with a large moving striped pattern that elicits characteristic eye movement responses, the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). We also engaged the motor system with dynamic handgrip exercise simultaneous to OKN. We hypothesised that central versus occipital EEG upper-alpha (10-12 Hz) synchronisation would reflect systems-level inhibition between visual and motor processes. Optokinetic responses were recorded with eye tracking, and gripping force measured with dynamometry. First, when exploring whether continuous visual activation inhibits motor activity, we found that OKN increased alpha synchronisation over central electrodes, in line with classic findings of motor downregulation to transient visual stimuli. We found further evidence for the visual inhibition of motor-cortical activity, by comparing between visual conditions: increasing visual input, from closed eyes, to eye opening, to visual stimulation, produced progressively greater motor synchronisation into the inhibitory upper-alpha band. Second, we tested for the opposite interaction, that is, effects of motor engagement over ongoing visual and oculomotor processes. Behaviourally, left hand-grip exercise accelerated the ongoing OKN, increasing slow phase velocity. Electrophysiologically, performing this repetitive motor task with either hand interfered the occipital alpha desynchronization that OKN normally induces on EEG. These results support that mutual visual and motor inhibitory interactions persist during their simultaneous engagement, and show their effects on eye movements.Key pointsIncreasing levels of visual activation produced increasingly stronger signs of cortical inhibition.Hand motor activation interfered with visual cortical activation during visual stimulation.Hand motor activation altered oculomotor responses.Ongoing visual-motor interactions were reflected by the EEG alpha band.EEG can be reliably assessed during nystagmus.
The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues
Authors: Hikmet Feria , Méar Loren , Edvinsson Åsa , Micke Patrick , Uhlén Mathias , Lindskog Cecilia 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe novel SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global challenge on healthcare and society. For understanding the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cell type-specific expression of the host cell surface receptor is necessary. The key protein suggested to be involved in host cell entry is Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we report the expression pattern of ACE2 across >150 different cell types corresponding to all major human tissues and organs based on stringent immunohistochemical analysis. The results were compared with several datasets both on the mRNA and protein level. ACE2 expression was mainly observed in enterocytes, renal tubules, gallbladder, cardiomyocytes, male reproductive cells, placental trophoblasts, ductal cells, eye and vasculature. In the respiratory system, the expression was limited, with no or only low expression in a subset of cells in a few individuals, observed by one antibody only. Our data constitutes an important resource for further studies on SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry, in order to understand the biology of the disease and to aid in the development of effective treatments to the viral infection.
Spacing spheroids, curl-up and coiled neuritic plexus of the sacral spinal cord of aged dog: Hypothesis based on continued NADPH diaphorase histological observations
Authors: Jia Yunge , Li Yinhua , Hou Wei , Tan Huibing 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTNADPH diaphorase (N-d) neurons distribute in spinal cord and function for visceral sensation and autonomic regulation. N-d positive neurons innervate pelvic organs. In previous investigation, we report that aging-related N-d body (ANB) in the lumbosacral spinal cord in aged rat and megaloneurite in the sacral spinal cord in aged dog. This article was a continued data report of aging-related N-d alterations in aged dog. N-d positivity in aged spinal cord has revealed a certain of morphological profiles in the spinal cord of several species. However, we still found some denoted N-d neurodegenerative changes that we failed to notice in our previous studies when re-examination of the sacral spinal cord of aged dog. In the horizontal section, spacing spheroids in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, curl-up and coiled neurites in the intermediate zone were detected in the sacral spinal cord. The ANB and vacuolar neurite were also detected. Vacuolar degeneration also occurred in the dorsal ganglia at the sacral segment. The curl-up and coiled neurites did not occur in the lumbothoracic segment, but the ANB and vacuolar neurite were scatteringly detected in in the lumbothoracic segment of aged dog. The results suggested that the N-d sensory inputs interrupted and disconnected with integration of autonomic centers and output circuits of regulating urogenital organs during the aging. These specialized profiles were speculated that the N-d neurite deterioration of visceral sensory circuit implicated dysfunction of pelvic organs in the aging. Megaloneurite and fiber dilation may make backward reasoning to N-d fiber architecture under normal condition.
Risperidone-induced changes in DNA methylation from peripheral blood in first-episode schizophrenia parallel neuroimaging and cognitive phenotype
Authors: Hu Maolin , Xia Yan , Zong Xiaofen , Sweeney John A. , Bishop Jeffrey R , Liao Yanhui , Giase Gina , Li Bingshan , Rubin Leah H. , Wang Yunpeng , Li Zongchang , He Ying , Chen Xiaogang , Liu Chunyu , Chen Chao , Tang Jinsong 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTToday, second generation anti-psychotics such as clozapine and risperidone are the favored treatment for schizophrenia. Yet, the absence of relevant biomarkers that can decode their neurobiological effect shackles our ability to accurately predict and track response to treatment. While researchers have investigated DNA methylation as a biomarker for schizophrenia risk, none have performed a systematic analysis of the effect of antipsychotics upon DNA methylation. We hypothesize that disease-related methylation changes occur before treatment, and that acute antipsychotic treatment may affect DNA methylation. We designed a longitudinal DNA methylation study to estimate risperidone’s effect on DNA methylation and how changes in DNA methylation might influence risperidone’s therapeutic effect on behavioral and neuroimaging phenotypes. Thirty-eight patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) and 38 demographically-matched individuals (healthy controls) participated. We identified brain related pathways enriched in 8,204 FES-associated methylation sites. Risperidone administration altered methylation in 6,143 CpG DNA sites. Post-treatment FES associated with methylation in 6760 CpG sites. Majority of the DNA methylation changes were treatment effect in the overall CpG sites, the FES associated CpG sites, and risperidone associated CpG sites, except for the post-treatment FES associated CpG sites. There were 590 DNA methylation cites normalized by risperidone treatment. The methylation changes of these 590 CpG sites were related to alterations in symptom severity, spontaneous neurophysiological activity, and cognitive function. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal methylation study of drug treatment effect and side effect in psychiatric disorders to include parallel studies of neuroimaging and cognitive phenotypes. We identified FES-associated CpG sites not confounded by drug treatment as potential SCZ biomarkers. The normalization effect of risperidone monotherapy suggests that DNA methylation changes may serve as a predictive biomarker for treatment effect. The constructed methylation-phenotype network revealed a relationship between methylation and a wide range of biological and psychological variables.
Adolescent rats show estrous cycle-mediated sex-differences in extinction of conditioned fear
Authors: Perry Christina J , Ganella Despina E , Nguyen Ly Dao , Du Xin , Drummond Katherine D , Whittle Sarah , Pang Terence Y , Kim Jee Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnxiety disorders are more prevalent in females than males, and frequently emerge during adolescence. Despite this, preclinical research commonly focuses on adult males. Here we use Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in adolescent male and female rats to understand sex- and age-dependent processes relevant to anxiety disorders. In experiment 1, 35-day-old male and female rats were exposed to 6 pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS, a tone) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US, a footshock). The next day they were extinguished in a contextually distinct chamber, via 60 presentations of the CS without the US. Extinction recall was tested 24 hours later in the extinction context. Estrous phase was monitored by cytology on vaginal smears taken 1 hour after each behavioral session. In experiment 2, male and female rats were given sham surgery or gonadectomy at 21 days of age. They were then trained and tested as for experiment 1. We observed that females in proestrus or met/diestrus during extinction showed delayed extinction and impaired extinction recall the next day compared to males. Ovariectomy enhanced extinction for female rats, but orchidectomy delayed extinction for males. Plasma analyses showed that met/di/proestrus phases were associated with high estradiol levels. These findings suggest that high plasma estradiol levels impair extinction for adolescent females. While these results contradict what is observed in adult animals, they are consistent with the prevalence of anxiety disorders observed in females. Our findings have important implications for understanding and treating anxiety in adolescents, particularly where treatment involves extinction-based therapies.