bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis of Strata‐bound Sulfide Orebodies in the Tongling Polymetallic Mineralization Cluster, SE China: Evidence from Colloform Pyrite
Authors: XU Liang , XIE Qiaoqin , CHEN Tianhu , XU Xiaochun , ZHOU Yuefei , SUN Shaohua , CHEN Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColloform pyrite (CPy) is widely distributed in the Tongling mineralization cluster of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Mineralization Belt (MLYRMB), China. There have many debates as to whether such CPy is associated with Late Mesozoic igneous or Carboniferous sedimentation. CPy from the Xinqiao deposit, a representative of the stratabound sulfide deposits in the MLYRMB, was studied by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that CPy mainly comprises pyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz, and illite. Pyrite in CPy shows cubic, globule, and xenomorphic morphologies. No octahedral or pyritohedron was observed. Most of the quartz crystals display xenomorphic morphology, where pyrite mold are popular on the surface. Organic matter (OM), which is usually bound to illite, is an important component in CPy. Morphological investigations which exhibit detrital features of quartz and clay minerals indicate that they were derived from continental weathering. Specially, some hexagonal pyrrhotite nanoparticles which show mackinawite morphology are coexisted with OM. The results indicate that the transformation process of sulfides possibly is mackinawite (the precursor) —hexagonal pyrrhotite—pyrite. Thus, compositional and micro‐textural characteristics of CPy in Xinqiao deposit suggest it to be a sedimentary origin rather than a hydrothermal origin which is associated with Yanshanian magmatism. Moreover, the coexistence of CPy and stratabound sulfide orebodies in the MLYRMB suggests a causal link between the two. It is considered that CPy might have served as a Cu mineralization geochemical barrier for the Cu‐bearing ore‐forming fluids, which originated from the Mesozoic magma in the MLYRMB.
N immobilization treatment revisited: A retarded and temporary effect unfolded in old‐field restoration
Authors: Halassy Melinda , Kövendi‐Jakó Anna , Paolinelli Reis Bruna , Szitár Katalin , Seyidova Zeynab , Török Katalin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThere is increasing recognition that plant–soil feedbacks drive species co‐existence; therefore the below‐ground compartment should be better considered in ecological restoration. Addition of carbon is a restoration measure that relies on indirect plant–soil relationships by immobilizing soil nitrogen in microbial biomass to manipulate competitive hierarchies between plant species. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of six years of carbon amendment in old‐field restoration in the long term, 20 years after the first application.LocationOld‐fields and reference sand steppe on dry calcareous sandy soil in Fülöpháza, Kiskun LTER site (46°53′ N, 19°24′ E), Hungary, Pannonian biogeographic region, Europe.MethodsWe applied carbon amendment in the form of sucrose and sawdust on three abandoned agricultural fields between 1998 and 2003. Vegetation was surveyed in 1998–2006 and re‐sampled in 2008, 2010 and 2018 on permanent 2 m × 2 m coenological relevés for carbon‐amended, control and reference plots (n = 144). We used principal response curves (PRC) to describe vegetation development trajectories and linear mixed‐effects models to test changes in cover of vascular plants and cryptogams, nitrogen requirement groups and restoration species groups with time and treatment.ResultsCarbon amendment resulted in lower soil nitrogen availability, and lower cover of vascular plants and cryptogams compared to control, but these differences became visible only four to five years after the first application and disappeared three years after the cessation of treatment. Minor treatment effects on the cover of oligotrophic, mesotrophic and target species were found.ConclusionsCarbon amendment did not speed up the recovery of sand grasslands; however, the reduction of cover (vegetation and cryptogam) can be a window of opportunity for other species to colonize that can be used as a complement to other treatments. Long‐term monitoring is especially important in evaluating restoration interventions that focus on indirect above‐ground–below‐ground linkages.
Mothers’ Perceptions of the Climate of Their Children’s Schools: Covariations With Children’s Academic Adjustment in Families of Mexican Origin
Authors: Lin Lynda C. , Pomerantz Eva M. , Zheng Lucy R. , Robins Richard W. 
Published: December 2020

Although Latinx parents’ perceptions of the climate of their children’s schools may play a role in their children’s academic adjustment, research examining this idea is sparse. Every 2 years beginning when children were in fifth grade (Mage = 10.86 years) until they were in 11th grade, Mexican‐origin mothers (N = 674) reported on their perceptions of the climate of their children’s schools; information on children’s academic adjustment was collected from children and mothers. Multilevel modeling indicated that when mothers had more positive school climate perceptions, their children valued school more and performed better in school, but did not necessarily hold higher educational expectations. The findings suggest the importance of schools in creating welcoming environments for Mexican‐origin parents.
Differences in Established Joint Attention in Hearing‐Hearing and Hearing‐Deaf Mother‐Child Dyads: Associations With Social Competence, Settings, and Tasks
Authors: MacGowan Taigan L. , Tasker Susan L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: December 2020

The authors examined relations among observed joint attention, maternal report of child’s social competence, setting (home vs. laboratory), task (unstructured vs. semi‐structured), and dyad type [hearing mother–hearing child (n = 55,Mage = 25.8 months) vs. hearing mother–deaf child (n = 27,Mage = 26.9 months)]. Hearing child dyads scored higher on joint attention during unstructured tasks, especially in their home environment. Hearing child dyads displayed similar joint attention to deaf toddler dyads when they engaged in a semi‐structured task, but higher on these measures during unstructured free play. Unlike hearing children, joint attention was differentially related to social competence in deaf children, with relatively higher versus lower social competence depending on relatively high versus low observed joint attention, respectively.
Suppressing synchronous firing of epileptiform activity by high‐frequency stimulation of afferent fibers in rat hippocampus
Authors: Wang Zhaoxiang , Feng Zhouyan , Yuan Yue , Zheng Lvpiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising technology for treating epilepsy. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) utilized by DBS to suppress epilepsy remain uncertain. Previous studies have shown that HFS can desynchronize the firing of neurons. In this study, we investigated whether the desynchronization effects of HFS can suppress epileptiform events.MethodsHFS trains with seconds of duration (short) and a minute of duration (long) were applied at the afferent fibers (ie, Schaffer collaterals) of the hippocampal CA1 region in anesthetized rats in vivo. The amplitude and the rate of population spikes (PS) appeared in the downstream of stimulation were calculated to evaluate the intensity of synchronized firing of neuronal populations between short and long HFS groups. A test of paired‐pulse depression (PPD) was used to assess the alteration of inhibitory neuronal circuits.ResultsThe sustained stimulation of a 60‐s long HFS suppressed the afterdischarges that were induced by a 5‐s short HFS to impair the local inhibitions. During the sustained HFS, the mean PS amplitude reduced significantly and the burst firing decreased, while the amount of neuronal firing did not change significantly. The paired‐pulse tests showed that with a similar baseline level of small PS2/PS1 ratio indicating a strong PPD, the 5‐s HFS increased the PS2/PS1 ratio to a value that was significantly greater than the corresponding ratio during sustained HFS, indicating that the PPD impaired by a short HFS may be restored by a sustained HFS.ConclusionsThe sustained HFS can desynchronize the population firing of epileptiform activity and accelerate a recovery of inhibitions to create a balance between the excitation and the inhibition of local neuronal circuits. The study provides new clues for further understanding the mechanism of DBS and for advancing the clinical application of DBS in treating epilepsy.
Characterizing Pharmacogenetic Testing Among Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Brown Jacob T. , Ramsey Laura B. , Van Driest Sara L. , Aka Ida , Colace Susan I. 
Published: December 2020

Although pharmacogenetic testing is becoming increasingly common across medical subspecialties, a broad range of utilization and implementation exists across pediatric centers. Large pediatric institutions that routinely use pharmacogenetics in their patient care have published their practices and experiences; however, minimal data exist regarding the full spectrum of pharmacogenetic implementation among children’s hospitals. The primary objective of this nationwide survey was to characterize the availability, concerns, and barriers to pharmacogenetic testing in children’s hospitals in the Children’s Hospital Association. Initial responses identifying a contact person were received from 18 institutions. Of those 18 institutions, 14 responses (11 complete and 3 partial) to a more detailed survey regarding pharmacogenetic practices were received. The majority of respondents were from urban institutions (72%) and held a Doctor of Pharmacy degree (67%). Among all respondents, the three primary barriers to implementing pharmacogenetic testing identified were test reimbursement, test cost, and money. Conversely, the three least concerning barriers were potential for genetic discrimination, sharing results with family members, and availability of tests in certified laboratories. Low‐use sites rated several barriers significantly higher than the high‐use sites, including knowledge of pharmacogenetics (P = 0.03), pharmacogenetic interpretations (P = 0.04), and pharmacogenetic‐based changes to therapy (P = 0.03). In spite of decreasing costs of pharmacogenetic testing, financial barriers are one of the main barriers perceived by pediatric institutions attempting clinical implementation. Low‐use sites may also benefit from education/outreach in order to reduce perceived barriers to implementation.
School outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy in Sweden
Authors: Jarl Johan , Alriksson‐Schmidt Ann 
Published: December 2020

AimTo study school outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with a matched comparison group from the general population, and to observe to what extent sociodemographic and disability‐specific factors are associated with school outcomes.MethodThis was a register study of persons with CP in Sweden, born between 1990 and 1999, with a matched comparison group. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between CP and disability‐specific factors and school outcomes (receiving final grades, grade scores, fulfilling the requirements for progressing to secondary school/university, and attending secondary school).ResultsChildren with CP had substantially lower school achievement compared with a general population sample. Much of the difference can be attributed to intellectual disability; however, CP remained strongly negatively associated with school outcomes. Ability to communicate in an effective manner explained most of the variation in children with CP, whereas motor function played a smaller role.InterpretationThe results suggest that school achievements might be improved if the communication barrier could be reduced, for example by ascertaining access to appropriate communication devices and by educators being aware that communicative difficulties do not necessarily imply intellectual disability. This might enhance the school experience and create an environment where children with CP can reach their full potential.What this study adds

There are reduced educational outcomes associated with cerebral palsy.

Negative outcomes are mainly driven by reduced communicative and intellectual ability.

Gross motor function is associated with outcomes, but plays a smaller part.
Incomplete hippocampal inversion and epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Riccò Matteo , Bartolini Yerma , Bernabè Giorgia , Trippi Irene , Melpignano Andrea , Ciliento Rosario , Zinno Lucia , Florindo Irene , Sasso Enrico , Odone Anna , Parrino Liborio , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveIncomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is a relatively frequent radiological finding at visual inspection in both epilepsy and healthy controls, but its clinical significance is unclear. Here, we systematically retrieve and assess the association between epilepsy and IHI using a meta‐analytic approach. Additionally, we estimate the prevalence of IHI in patients with malformation of cortical development (MCD).MethodsWe systematically searched two databases (Embase and PubMed) to identify potentially eligible studies from their inception to December 2019. For inclusion, studies were population‐based, case–control, observational studies reporting on epilepsy and IHI. The risk of developing epilepsy in IHI (estimated with odds ratio [ORs]) and the frequency of IHI among patients with MCD are provided.ResultsWe screened 3601 records and assessed eligibility of 2812 full‐text articles. The final material included 13 studies involving 1630 subjects. Seven studies (1329 subjects: 952 epileptic and 377 nonepileptic) were included for the estimation of the risk of developing epilepsy in the presence of IHI. The estimated OR of active epilepsy in IHI was 1.699 (95% confidence interval = 0.880–3.281), with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 71%). Seven studies (591 patients) provided information about the frequency of IHI in MCD. Up to one third of patients with MCD (27.9%) presented coexistent IHI.SignificanceThe present findings confirm that IHI is commonly observed in patients with MCD especially in periventricular nodular heterotopia or polymicrogyria. However, the estimated OR indicates overall weak increased odds of epilepsy in people with IHI, suggesting that the presence of isolated IHI cannot be considered a strong independent predictor for epilepsy development. Clear‐cut neuroradiological criteria for IHI and advanced postprocessing analyses on structural magnetic resonance imaging scans are recommended to highlight differences between epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic IHI.
Freshwater snails and the green algae Cladophora are probably not hosts of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: McMahon Taegan A. , Nordheim Caitlin L. , Prokopiak Devin M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic fungus that has devastated amphibian populations globally by causing the disease chytridiomycosis. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is capable of infecting non‐amphibian hosts, such as crayfish, and has been detected on reptile and bird species. Given the taxonomic heterogeneity in the known hosts and vectors of Bd, it is likely that there is a diversity of undiscovered non‐amphibian hosts of the fungus.

Here, we investigated whether Bd could survive on freshwater snails (Physella acuta) and Cladophora algae. We exposed small and large snails (n = 15 snails/size category), Cladophora algae (n = 5), and artificial spring water controls (ASW; n = 5) to live Bd. We also maintained Bd‐free control snails (n = 5 snails/size category) in ASW. All treatments were maintained for 7 weeks at 18°C. Mortality was checked three times a week, snails were weighed every 2 weeks, and 7 weeks after exposure, the snails, algae, and water were tested for Bd using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

We found that Bd did not grow on live snails, algae, or ASW long term. Additionally, live snails (n = 20) collected from Bd‐positive ponds in California were all negative for Bd, as well. Given that we found no Bd on the experimentally exposed or field swabbed snails, snails are probably not a reservoir host of Bd.

While negative results are often not published, Bd is one of the deadliest pathogens on earth; it is essential to know what is and is not capable of maintaining Bd for well‐designed disease models.
Forager age and foraging state, but not cumulative foraging activity, affect biogenic amine receptor gene expression in the honeybee mushroom bodies
Authors: Peng Tianfei , Derstroff Dennis , Maus Lea , Bauer Timo , Grüter Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForaging behavior is crucial for the development of a honeybee colony. Biogenic amines are key mediators of learning and the transition from in‐hive tasks to foraging. Foragers vary considerably in their behavior, but whether and how this behavioral diversity depends on biogenic amines is not yet well understood. For example, forager age, cumulative foraging activity or foraging state may all be linked to biogenic amine signaling. Furthermore, expression levels may fluctuate depending on daytime. We tested if these intrinsic and extrinsic factors are linked to biogenic amine signaling by quantifying the expression of octopamine, dopamine and tyramine receptor genes in the mushroom bodies, important tissues for learning and memory. We found that older foragers had a significantly higher expression of Amdop1, Amdop2, AmoctαR1, and AmoctβR1 compared to younger foragers, whereas Amtar1 showed the opposite pattern. Surprisingly, our measures of cumulative foraging activity were not related to the expression of the same receptor genes in the mushroom bodies. Furthermore, we trained foragers to collect sucrose solution at a specific time of day and tested if the foraging state of time‐trained foragers affected receptor gene expression. Bees engaged in foraging had a higher expression of Amdop1 and AmoctβR3/4 than inactive foragers. Finally, the expression of Amdop1, Amdop3, AmoctαR1, and Amtar1 also varied with daytime. Our results show that receptor gene expression in forager mushroom bodies is complex and depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Correlations of morphological features and surgical management with clinical outcome in a multicentre study of 241 phyllodes tumours of the breast
Authors: Mihai Raluca , Callagy Grace , Qassid Omar L , Loughlin Mark O , Al‐Hilfi Lena , Abbas Areeg , Campora Michela , Hodi Zsolt , Ellis Ian , Lee Andrew H S , Rakha Emad A 
Published: December 2020

AimsPhyllodes tumours (PTs) represent an unusual but complex group of breast lesions with a tendency to recur locally and, less commonly, metastasise. On core biopsies, their appearances can be difficult to discriminate from those of other fibroepithelial lesions, which may compromise their surgical management. The aims of this study were to assess the preoperative diagnosis of PTs and to evaluate the impacts of surgical management and morphological features on their behaviour.Methods and resultsWe combined datasets from three centres over two decades, including core biopsies, excision specimens, and follow‐up. Core biopsy results were compared with final excision specimens. The relationships of surgical procedure and morphological features with local recurrence (LR) and metastasis were assessed. Two hundred and forty‐one PTs were studied. Core biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of possible or definite PT in 76% of cases. Malignant tumours were more likely to be larger, occurred at an older age, and were surgically more challenging, with difficulties being encountered in achieving negative margins. There were 12 cases (5%) that showed LR alone, and another six cases (2.5%) that had distant metastases. Morphological features associated with adverse outcome were grade of PT, increased mitotic counts, necrosis, infiltrative margins, stromal atypia, and heterologous components. Both LR and metastatic behaviour correlated with larger size and distance to margins.ConclusionsOur results suggest that excision margins have a significant impact on LR of PT, whereas metastatic behaviour is influenced by tumour biology. We add to the evidence base on histological features of tumours that contribute to long‐term outcomes of PT patients.
Impact of endogenous insulin secretion on the improvement of glucose variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with canagliflozin plus teneligliptin
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Cho Kyu Yong , Kawata Shinichiro , Nomoto Hiroshi , Nagai So , Sugawara Hajime , Taneda Shinji , Tsuchida Kazuhisa , Omori Kazuno , Yokoyama Hiroki , Takeuchi Jun , Aoki Shin , Kurihara Yoshio , Atsumi Tatsuya , Miyoshi Hideaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo identify the effect of combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor compared with switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor to a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on improving the glucose variability in patients with or without impaired endogenous insulin secretion.Materials and MethodsA secondary analysis regarding the relationship between endogenous insulin secretion and the change in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (ΔMAGE) was carried out in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison trial that enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes who had been taking teneligliptin and were treated by switching to canagliflozin (SWITCH) or adding canagliflozin (COMB). Participants were categorized into the following four subgroups: SWITCH or COMB and high or low fasting C‐peptide (CPR) divided at baseline by the median.ResultsΔMAGE in the COMB group was greatly improved independent of a high or low CPR (−29.2 ± 28.3 vs −20.0 ± 24.6, respectively; P = 0.60). However, ΔMAGE was not ameliorated in the low CPR SWITCH group, and the ΔMAGE was significantly smaller than that in the high CPR COMB group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsCOMB would be a better protocol rather than switching teneligliptin to canagliflozin to improve daily glucose variability in patients with impaired endogenous insulin secretion.
Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Yi‐Fang , Wu Wei‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N.