bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VisualNeuro: A Hypothesis Formation and Reasoning Application for Multi‐Variate Brain Cohort Study Data
Authors: Jönsson Daniel , Bergström Albin , Forsell Camilla , Simon Rozalyn , Engström Maria , Walter Susanna , Ynnerman Anders , Hotz Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present an application, and its development process, for interactive visual analysis of brain imaging data and clinical measurements. The application targets neuroscientists interested in understanding the correlations between active brain regions and physiological or psychological factors. The application has been developed in a participatory design process and has subsequently been released as the free software ‘VisualNeuro’. From initial observations of the neuroscientists' workflow, we concluded that while existing tools provide powerful analysis options, they lack effective interactive exploration requiring the use of many tools side by side. Consequently, our application has been designed to simplify the workflow combining statistical analysis with interactive visual exploration. The resulting environment comprises parallel coordinates for effective overview and selection, Welch's t‐test to filter out brain regions with statistically significant differences and multiple visualizations for comparison between brain regions and clinical parameters. These exploration concepts enable neuroscientists to interactively explore the complex bidirectional interplay between clinical and brain measurements and easily compare different patient groups. A qualitative user study has been performed with three neuroscientists from different domains. The study shows that the developed environment supports simultaneous analysis of more parameters, provides rapid pathways to insights and is an effective tool for hypothesis formation.
“Beauty won’t boil the pot:” Aesthetic discourse, memory, and urban development in Edinburgh
Authors: Ballard Tooley Christa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2005, a development proposal for the largest city center redevelopment in Edinburgh, Scotland since the 18thcentury was presented to the public. Intended for the medieval and recently industrial part of the city’s Old Town, the proposal sparked years of intense argument over appropriate development for the area. Perhaps no aspect of that debate has incited as much rancor as the question of aesthetics. Arguments over development aesthetics, which mobilized a broad spectrum of actors—from corporate leaders, to city councilors, heritage organization members, private architects, city planners, residents and lay observers—were dismissed by the development’s supporters as superficial and insignificant. Instead, I argue that this aesthetic transformation pursued by the developer was accurately perceived by many, in particular the area residents, as a means of spatialized forgetting. The industrial history of the area would be eclipsed by the physical transformations pursued in this development, and in response residents asserted a conflicting aesthetic ethic as native to the neighborhood. This article explores the discourse of aesthetics and its impacts upon this development process, concluding that such discourse represents a strategy of dispossession in neoliberalizing urban development.
Targeting epidermal growth factor‐overexpressing triple‐negative breast cancer by natural killer cells expressing a specific chimeric antigen receptor
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhou Yehui , Huang Kuo‐Hsiang , Fang Xujie , Li Ying , Wang Feifei , An Li , Chen Qingfei , Zhang Yunchao , Shi Aihua , Yu Shuang , Zhang Jingzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTraditional cancer therapy and regular immunotherapy are ineffective for treating triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered natural killer cells (CAR NK) have been applied to target several hormone receptors on different cancer cells to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Here, we demonstrated that EGFR‐specific CAR NK cells (EGFR‐CAR NK cells) could be potentially used to treat patients with TNBC exhibiting enhanced EGFR expression.Materials and methodsWe investigated the cytotoxic effects of EGFR‐CAR NK cells against TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. The two types of EGFR‐CAR NK cells were generated by transducing lentiviral vectors containing DNA sequences encoding the single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) regions of the two anti‐EGFR antibodies. The cytotoxic and anti‐tumor effects of the two cell types were examined by performing cytokine release and cytotoxicity assays in vitro, and tumor growth assays in breast cancer cell line‐derived xenograft (CLDX) and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.ResultsBoth EGFR‐CAR NK cell types were activated by TNBC cells exhibiting upregulated EGFR expression and specifically triggered the lysis of the TNBC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the two EGFR‐CAR NK cell types inhibited CLDX and PDX tumors in mice.ConclusionsThis study suggested that treatment with EGFR‐CAR NK cells could be a promising strategy for TNBC patients.
Bone mesenchymal stem cells are recruited via CXCL8‐CXCR2 and promote EMT through TGF‐β signal pathways in oral squamous carcinoma
Authors: Meng Lin , Zhao Yueqi , Bu Wenhuan , Li Xing , Liu Xinchen , Zhou Dabo , Chen Yumeng , Zheng Shize , Lin Quan , Liu Qilin , Sun Hongchen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesBone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play critical roles in tumour microenvironment. However, molecular mechanisms of how BMSCs to be recruited and effect subsequent tumour progression are poorly understood in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsThe distribution of CXCL8 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in OSCC tissues. The chemotaxis of conditioned media from different epithelial cells to BMSCs was examined by trans‐well assay. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA were used to detect the expression of related cytokines and chemokine receptors. The migration of BMSCs was observed in BALB/c nude mice. The roles of BMSCs in proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC were detected by CCK‐8, flow cytometry and trans‐well assay. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related markers were analysed by qPCR and Western blot in vitro, and growth was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice using subcutaneously implanted OSCC in nude mouse model in vivo.ResultsUsing OSCC, we show CXCL8, secreted by OSCC, binds to exclusively CXCR2 in BMSCs to facilitate migration of BMSCs to OSCC. TGF‐β secreted by BMSCs subsequently induces EMT of OSCC to promote their proliferation, migration and infiltration. We also showed that the Ras/Raf/Erk axis plays a critical role in tumour progression.ConclusionsOur results provide the molecular basis for BMSC recruitment into tumours, and how this process leads to tumour progression and leads us to develop a novel OSCC treatment target.
Spatial prioritization of selected mining pitlakes from Eastern Coalfields region, India: A species distribution modelling approach
Authors: Das Snehangshu , Mukherjee Aparajita , Gupta Santanu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPitlake conservation is still a naive idea in a developing country. Species distribution modelling approaches can prove to be a useful tool in protecting biodiversity. The current study considers the ecological health of pitlakes through models of three winter migratory waterfowl species, namely Anser indicus (bar‐headed goose), Nettapus coromandelianus (cotton pygmy goose) and Netta rufina (red‐crested pochard), providing practical information for conservation setups in and around selected pitlakes in Eastern India. The AUC ± SD (Standard deviation) values of MaxEnt models of target species, viz. A. indicus, N. coromandelianus, and N. rufina are 0.729 ± 0.026, 0.772 ± 0.012, and 0.732 ± 0.024, respectively. Thus through the evaluation of the respective models and ground truth verification criteria, three pitlakes have proven to hold excellent conditions for the survival of these winter migratory birds as compared to the 20 studied ones. Three zones were created in these three lakes based on their characteristics to support these species and their associates. A large chunk of the region falls under the proposed zone of conservation priority sites from each of the three pitlakes. The need of the hour is to fulfill the voids between researchers, policymakers, and Eastern Coalfield's administration and work towards implementing the proposed idea.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Humeniuk Rita , Mathias Anita , Cao Huyen , Osinusi Anu , Shen Gong , Chng Estelle , Ling John , Vu Amanda , German Polina 
Published: June 2020

Remdesivir (RDV), a single diastereomeric monophosphoramidate prodrug that inhibits viral RNA polymerases, has potent in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). RDV received the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s emergency use authorization in the United States and approval in Japan for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This report describes two phase I studies that evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of single escalating and multiple i.v. doses of RDV (solution or lyophilized formulation) in healthy subjects. Lyophilized formulation was evaluated for potential future use in clinical trials due to its storage stability in resource‐limited settings. All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity. Overall, RDV exhibited a linear profile following single‐dose i.v. administration over 2 hours of RDV solution formulation across the dose range of 3–225 mg. Both lyophilized and solution formulations provided comparable PK parameters. High intracellular concentrations of the active triphosphate (~ 220‐fold to 370‐fold higher than the in vitro half‐maximal effective concentration against SARS‐CoV‐2 clinical isolate) were achieved following infusion of 75 mg or 150 mg lyophilized formulation over 30 minutes or 2 hours. Following multiple‐doses of RDV 150 mg once daily for 7 or 14 days, RDV exhibited a PK profile similar to single‐dose administration. Metabolite GS‐441524 accumulated ~ 1.9‐fold after daily dosing. Overall, RDV exhibited favorable safety and PK profiles that supported once‐daily dosing.
Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma with diffuse S100/SOX10 positivity and pseudoalveolar pattern: An extraordinarily rare case highlighting a potential pitfall with significant repercussions
Authors: Evangelou Zoi , Zhang Linsheng , Tafe Laura J. , Azzouz Lubna , Grada Zakaria , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma is a very rare entity with less than 100 cases reported in the literature, sharing the same morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics as their osseous counterparts. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case in English literature of a molecularly confirmed Ewing sarcoma with diffuse and strong SOX10 immunoreactivity. This exceedingly rare immunohistochemical finding along with the rarity of this tumor could easily lead to a misdiagnosis with significant repercussions. Our case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma as well as the pivotal role molecular diagnostics can play in specific scenarios.
Familiar words can serve as a semantic seed for syntactic bootstrapping
Authors: Babineau Mireille , de Carvalho Alex , Trueswell John , Christophe Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractYoung children can exploit the syntactic context of a novel word to narrow down its probable meaning. But how do they learn which contexts are linked to which semantic features in the first place? We investigate if 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children (n = 60) can learn about a syntactic context from tracking its use with only a few familiar words. After watching a 5‐min training video in which a novel function word (i.e., ‘ko’) replaced either personal pronouns or articles, children were able to infer semantic properties for novel words co‐occurring with the newly learned function word (i.e., objects vs. actions). These findings implicate a mechanism by which a distributional analysis, associated with a small vocabulary of known words, could be sufficient to identify some properties associated with specific syntactic contexts.
Progressive resistance training for adolescents with cerebral palsy: the STAR randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M , Lavelle Grace , Theis Nicola , Noorkoiv Marika , Kilbride Cherry , Korff Thomas , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , Shortland Adam , Levin Wendy ,   The Star Trial Team
Published: June 2020

AimTo evaluate the effect of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors on gait efficiency, activity, and participation in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSixty‐four adolescents (10–19y; 27 females, 37 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) were randomized to 30 sessions of resistance training (10 supervised and 20 unsupervised home sessions) over 10 weeks or usual care. The primary outcome was gait efficiency indicated by net nondimensional oxygen cost (NNcost). Secondary outcomes included physical activity, gross motor function, participation, muscle strength, muscle and tendon size, and muscle and tendon stiffness. Analysis was intention‐to‐treat.ResultsMedian attendance at the 10 supervised sessions was 80% (range 40–100%). There was no between‐group difference in NNcost at 10 (mean difference: 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.07 to 0.11, p=0.696) or 22 weeks (mean difference: –0.08, 95% CI –0.18 to 0.03, p=0.158). There was also no evidence of between‐group differences in secondary outcomes at 10 or 22 weeks. There were 123 adverse events reported by 27 participants in the resistance training group.InterpretationWe found that 10 supervised sessions and 20 home sessions of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors did not improve gait efficiency, muscle strength, activity, participation, or any biomechanical outcome among adolescents with CP.What this paper adds

Thirty sessions of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors over 10 weeks did not improve gait efficiency among ambulatory adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Resistance training did not improve muscle strength, activity, or participation.

Ninety percent of participants experienced an adverse event.

Most adverse events were expected and no serious adverse events were reported.
Adiposity and physical activity are related to heart rate variability: the African‐PREDICT study
Authors: Köchli Sabrina , Schutte Aletta E. , Kruger Ruan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical inactivity contributes significantly to the development of obesity‐related cardiovascular disease. Adiposity may lead to reduced heart rate variability (HRV), whereas increased physical activity (PA) has the potential to improve autonomic activity. These associations remain largely unexplored in healthy individuals. We therefore investigated whether adiposity and physical activity (PA) are associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in young adults.Materials and methodsWe examined 403 black and 461 white healthy adults (aged 20‐30 years) for HRV, including standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). We measured adiposity, PA levels and blood pressure (BP). Body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 indicated obesity.ResultsParticipants with obesity had lower mean HRV than normal weight (SDNN [95% CI]; 138 [131‐145]s vs 161 [158‐165]ms), where those with the highest PA had higher SDNN (164 [160‐169]ms) and RMSSD (51 [49‐53]ms) than the least active individuals (150 [146‐155]s) and 46 [44‐48]ms)(all P < .01). BMI, waist circumference and body fat associated with lower SDNN (P < .001). With each unit increase of vigorous PA, a favourable higher RMSSD was found (P < .05). One unit increase in diastolic BP was associated with decreased SDNN and RMSSD (P < .001). These findings remained significant in multivariable‐adjusted analyses.ConclusionsAdiposity and low PA associated independently with depressed autonomic activity in young healthy adults. Sympathovagal imbalance seems to already contribute to elevated diastolic BP at young ages. Our study supports population‐based prevention programmes in young adults, improving PA and healthy diet, to curb the development of cardiovascular disease.
Association between diabetes mellitus and lung cancer: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Zi‐Han , Luther Yannick , Xiong Guo‐Hang , Ni Yue‐Li , Yun Fang , Chen Jing , Yang Zhe , Zhang Qiao , Kuang Ying‐Min , Zhu Yue‐Chun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to summarize the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the incidence of lung cancer using a meta‐analysis of cohort studies.Materials and methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify potential cohort studies. Relative risk (RR) was used to calculate the association between DM and the risk of lung cancer. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and test for publication bias were performed. Twenty cohort studies were selected.ResultsThe participants with DM showed little or no significant effect on the risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.23; P = .087). DM was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in men (RR: 1.11; 95%CI: 0.92‐1.35; P = .270), but a significant association was observed in women (RR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.10‐1.28; P < .001). Subgroup analysis suggested that smoker status was confounding variables that could bias the relationship between DM and the incidence of lung cancer.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that DM has no significant impact on the incidence of lung cancer in men but has a harmful effect on women.
Fabrication method to maintain mouthguard thickness regardless of the model angle
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe safety and effectiveness of mouthguards depend on the sheet material and thickness. The aim of this study was to investigate the fabrication method for a mouthguard with appropriate thickness using a single sheet regardless of the model angle.Materials and methodsMouthguards were thermoformed using 4.0 mm thick ethylene vinyl acetate sheets and a vacuum forming machine. The working models were three hard plaster models trimmed so that the angle of the anterior teeth to the model base was 90°, 100°, and 110°. The model position was 40 mm from the front of the forming unit. The sheet was softened until it sagged 15 mm, after which the sheet frame was lowered to cover the model. Next, the vacuum was turned on and held for 30 seconds for the control. Under the forming conditions in which the model position (MP) was moved, after the model was covered with the sheet, a scissors handle was positioned at the rear of the model and used to push it forward 20 mm, and then, the vacuum switch was turned on for 30 seconds. Six specimens were formed for each condition. Mouthguard thickness after formation was measured using a specialized caliper. The differences in mouthguard thickness due to forming conditions and model angle were analyzed.ResultsThe MP was significantly thicker than the control in each model (P < .01). The mouthguard thickness tended to decrease as the model angle increased. The average thickness of the labial surface in the MP was 3 mm or more and was not affected by the model angle.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the fabrication method in which moving the model forward by 20 mm just before formation could produce a mouthguard with approximately 3 mm thickness on the labial side with a single sheet regardless of the model angle.
Transition to dental practice: Newly graduated dentists' views of being successful in dental practice
Authors: Leadbeatter Delyse , Madden Jacalyn , Ross Benjamin , Russell Elara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transition of dental graduates to the workforce is of interest to dental educators. The ways dentists think about success and successful practice tend to be tied to business parameters, patient flow and job satisfaction. These measures are narrow, however, and there is scant literature exploring success in ways that connects with professional identity formation. This study aims to add to scholarly understanding about the experiences of newly graduated dentists by asking: What is the variation in the ways new graduate dentists experience success in practice?MethodsThe qualitative methodology used in this study is phenomenography. Phenomenography studies the variation in the way a group of people experience a common phenomenon. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 new dentists who had graduated from the University of Sydney.ResultsFive increasingly sophisticated, qualitatively distinct categories of description were identified: the day runs smoothly, keeping busy, providing quality patient care, generating personal meaning and having a sense of connection and belonging.ConclusionsThis study gives insights into the complex ways newly graduated dentists think about successful dentistry. It broadens our view of successful practice beyond commercial aspects to include practitioner identity. Importantly, sense of responsibility, the practice environment and mentorship emerge as key players in this transitional career stage.
Accountability and (mis)trust in education systems: Private supplementary tutoring and the ineffectiveness of regulation in Myanmar
Authors: Liu Junyan , Bray Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrivate supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has been viewed by many families around the world as a necessary complement to schooling. The analysis presented draws on questionnaire and interview data from secondary school students, teachers, principals, parents and other stakeholders in Myanmar. Parents displayed institutional mistrust in their perception of the inadequacy of public schooling to meet their children's needs. Organisational and interpersonal mistrust were also evident. The matters of mistrust relate to the theme of accountability in education, which requires systems for regulation and monitoring. The regulations on tutoring in Myanmar were widely ignored and were arguably worse than useless. The article is grounded in the context of Myanmar but has considerable insights for the wider literature.