bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saliva - A New Horizon for Estimating Antioxidant Profile of Mobile Phone User
Authors: Khan Asra , Naheed Suad , Alam Mehtab , Salahuddin Saba 
Published: August 2020

This is the era of information and new technologies, among the brilliant inventions and advancement, Global system of mobile phone communication (GSM) makes the life as approachable as one can think. It changes the social relation and social network of an individual. Hence the mobile has two sides of a coin. Advantages and disadvantages are associated with every feasibility or inventions. But some time blessings bring some harmful effects on the human body. Mobile phone uses radio waves. Some part of the radio wave is also absorbed in the body. The ear is the most exposed part of the body. The salivary gland is very close to the ear. Hence, the affected part of the cellular phone radiations is a salivary gland.
In the current study, we collected the unstimulated saliva sample from volunteers to estimate the antioxidant profile of the mobile phone user. The Uric acids, Catalase, C Reactive Protein (CRP), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were included in the antioxidant profile. Uric acid, GSH, SOD was significantly decreased while CRP and Catalase were significantly increased. The result shows the increase the risk of inflammation and oxidative stress, which can predispose the cell phone user to a multitude of infectious & non-infectious oral diseases.
Monitoring the Spatio-temporal Evolution of a Reconnection X-line in Space
Authors: Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Vaivads A. , Burch J. L. , Yu Y. , Cao J. B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Inherently, magnetic reconnection—the process responsible for stellar flares and magnetospheric substorms—is very dynamic in space, owing to magnetic fluctuations and unsteady inflows. However, this process was always explained as a static picture in spacecraft measurements, neglecting the temporal evolution. This picture is not correct. Here we provide the first dynamic picture of magnetic reconnection in space, by monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution of a reconnection X-line at the magnetopause. Surprisingly, we find that the angle of a reconnection X-line can change from 44.°8 to 24.°9 during tens of milliseconds, which is significantly smaller than the characteristic timescale of the reconnection process (t = d

i
/V
A ∼ 410 ms). Meanwhile, the spacecraft moves from the inflow region to the outflow region (spatial evolution). This result demonstrates that the magnetic reconnection in space can develop rapidly during tens of milliseconds, and thus that the concept of dynamic reconnection should be invoked instead of a static diagram.
Survoler le temps : l’espace-temps comme schème, mythe et thème
Authors: During Élie 
Published: August 2020

Le concept d’espace-temps remplit chez Raymond Ruyer des fonctions diverses et ambivalentes. Il est envisagé ici comme schème explicatif commun à la physique et à la métaphysique, comme mythe philosophique formulant la question de l’unité du monde, enfin comme thème formel dans sa relation complexe au « trans-spatial » ainsi qu’à la notion bergsonienne de « durée ».
Training Load, Injury Burden, and Team Success in Professional Rugby Union: Risk Versus Reward
Authors: West Stephen W. , Williams Sean , Kemp Simon P.T. , Eager Robin , Cross Matthew J. , Stokes Keith A. 
Published: August 2020

Context
Individual and team injury burden and performance are 2 key considerations facing practitioners in the daily prescription of an athlete's training load. Whereas a considerable number of researchers have examined univariate relationships between training load and performance, training load and injury, or injury and performance, few investigators have examined all 3 concurrently.

Objective
To assess the association among training load, injury burden, and performance in professional rugby union.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
The English Premiership competition.

Patients or Other Participants
Individual injury and training load data, as well as team performance data, were captured during the 2015–2016 (n = 433 players) and 2016–2017 (n = 569 players) seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Data were aggregated into team average scores for each week, including weekly (acute) load, smoothed chronic load, changes in load, injury burden, and weekly performance. Linear mixed modelling techniques were used to assess the association among measures.

Results
Injury burden was negatively associated with performance, with a high weekly burden associated with a likely harmful (P = .01) decrease in performance. Training load measures displayed only trivial associations with performance. Only the acute:chronic workload ratio measure was clearly associated with injury burden, with a possibly harmful effect (P = .02). Both squad size and player availability were associated with only trivial changes in performance.

Conclusions
Whereas no association between average training load and performance existed, associations between training load and injury burden and between injury burden and performance were clear. Further investigation using more sensitive and individualized measures of load, performance, and injury may elicit a clearer relationship and should be considered for future work.
Influence of State-Level Emergency Planning Policy Requirements on Secondary School Adoption
Authors: Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Adams William M. , Belval Luke N. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: August 2020

Context
Emergency action plans (EAPs) are a critical component in the management of catastrophic sport-related injury. Some state high school athletics associations and state legislation have required that schools develop EAPs, but little research exists on the influence of a statewide policy requirement on local adoption of these policies.

Objective
To examine the efficacy of a statewide policy requirement on local adoption of an EAP.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants
Secondary school athletic trainers were invited to complete a survey (n = 9642); 1136 completed the survey, yielding an 11.7% response rate.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Survey responses on the adoption of EAPs along with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator (CPR/AED) requirements were cross-referenced with published statewide policies to determine the prevalence of EAP adoption. We evaluated the adoption of emergency action plan components based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association's emergency planning position statement along with CPR/AED requirements to determine component-specific prevalence. We compared the prevalence of EAP and component adoption between states that required EAPs and specific components of EAPs and states without such requirements.

Results
Athletic trainers in states that required adoption of an EAP reported including more components of the emergency planning position statement (mean = 8 ± 4, median = 9) than in states without a requirement (mean = 7 ± 4, median = 8). The adoption of EAP components did not differ between states that required specific components of the EAP versus development of the EAP only. However, schools in states with both EAP and CPR/AED training requirements reported higher rates of CPR/AED training implementation (95.5%) than states that only required CPR/AED training (81.6%, prevalence ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.20).

Conclusions
Based on these data, statewide policy requirements for the development of an EAP may be associated with increasing adoption of EAPs.
A revisit on the compactness of commutators
Authors: Guo Weichao , Wu Huoxiong , Yang Dongyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new characterization of$\text {CMO}(\mathbb R^n)$is established replying upon local mean oscillations. Some characterizations of iterated compact commutators on weighted Lebesgue spaces are given, which are new even in the unweighted setting for the first order commutators.
Some results on Ricci-Bourguignon solitons and almost solitons
Authors: Dwivedi Shubham 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe prove some results for the solitons of the Ricci–Bourguignon flow, generalizing the corresponding results for Ricci solitons. Taking motivation from Ricci almost solitons, we then introduce the notion of Ricci–Bourguignon almost solitons and prove some results about them that generalize previous results for Ricci almost solitons. We also derive integral formulas for compact gradient Ricci–Bourguignon solitons and compact gradient Ricci–Bourguignon almost solitons. Finally, using the integral formula, we show that a compact gradient Ricci–Bourguignon almost soliton is isometric to a Euclidean sphere if it has constant scalar curvature or its associated vector field is conformal.
The prehistory of the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula: “genetic intervention” of the early pyramid period
Authors: Orlov Alexander A. 
Published: August 2020

Recently, the American geneticist David Reich, according to the results of studies, got by his group, published a hypothesis that 4.5 thousand years ago, the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the tribes of nomadic pastoralists who came from the steppes of Eastern Europe, by so-called “people of the Yamnaya culture” (the Yamnaya people). Having a higher technological level (had four-wheeled carts, domesticated horses, etc.), those people quickly conquered the Iberian tribes, completely eliminating or enslaving the entire male autochthonous population. Such a rapid and, apparently, far from peaceful expansion led to the fact that the next generation of residents of the Iberian Peninsula had already 100% Y chromosomes (which are transmitted exclusively through the paternal line) of immigrants. The Yamnaya people brought their culture to the Peninsula, and probably the IndoEuropean language, the carriers and distributors of which they were, migrating across the expanses of Europe.
Brazil: main tasks of national education system to achieve Goal 4 “Quality education” of UN Agenda 2030
Authors: Ermolieva E. 
Published: August 2020

On 2016, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda officially came into force. With its 17 Goals countries will mobilize efforts to end all forms of poverty, fight inequalities and tackle climate change on global, regional and national levels. Education is explicitly recognized in the SDGs as the Goal number 4. To achieve “inclusive and equitable quality education” countries started to develop national programs aiming to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda according to their specific needs and challenges. Brazil declared to adopt main SDGs in the country´s dimension, including the target “to ensure equal access of all people to quality education”.
Uniqeness and Universality of Freedom Practices and the Principles of Open Access
Authors: Sergeyev V. 
Published: August 2020

The author suggests a new version of the typology of political regimes originally formulated by D. North. The main distinction of the proposed taxonomy from that of North, which is based on politico-economical analysis, is the introduction of a new element of classification, namely, “post-revolutionary” regimes.The paper treats European history as a process of gradual spreading of “extended access order” from West to East of Europe under a condition of existence of an intermediate zone within which “post-revolutionary regimes” are realized.
A New Look of World Politics: Reformatting the Post-Bipolar Space
Authors: Borishpolets K. P. 
Published: August 2020

The article evaluates the qualitative changes in world politics during 2014-2015.In the last two years the system of international relations encountered significant difficulties. Contradictions accumulated in different spheres of world politics that were usually treated as latent, arose in the agenda. The starting point of this transformation was the Ukrainian crisis. However, the further events force one to reassess not only its direct consequences but also wide processes at the global level. One of them is deterioration of relations between Russia and Western countries, increase of influence of large non-Western markets and strengthening of turbulence in developing countries. Project of the unipolar regulation, promoted by the US, demonstrates its ineffectiveness. The main point here is inability of the US to secure the stability of the international system without real consensus of all world powers. We witness an active blend of traditional and new challenges to the international security that decreases the controllability of the situation, first of all in regional segments of the world, Middle East and Europe in particular. These processes give ground for reformatting of the world development, and post-bipolar world politics is gaining a new face. We speak not about going back to pre-crisis order, but about step-by-step elimination of the American hegemony in global and regional decision-making. There will be deepening of the fragmentation of the world politics and growth of strife of the international relations that may continue in the mid-term perspective.
"Soft power" as a Concept: a Critical Analysis
Authors: Emel’yanova N. 
Published: August 2020

The focus of the article is on current discussions on the heuristic significance of the "soft power" concept, examines the socio-political and philosophical foundations of the phenomenon, and states the de-Americanization of the soft power discourse and the related changes in the behavior of the new "soft power" actors.The theoretical basis of the article is the conceptual interpretation of the concept of "power" proposed by Joseph Nye as an alternative to Realistic and Neo-Realistic models of power relations in modern world politics. Nye singled out coercion, influence and attractiveness as equivalent dimensions of force.The research methodology is based on formal-logical and content-logical methods.The research procedure first of all is built around the typology of criticism of "soft power" as a concept and the prospects for its overcoming.In the analysis of the results, it is noted that Nye in the concept of "soft power" had verified the accents of modern socio-philosophical and political-philosophical approaches in relation to the power-discourse of international relations. It is predicted that the theoretical comprehension of the "soft power" will develop, as its use by states will continue. First, it concerns "rising forces" (such as China and India).In conclusion, it is emphasized that the ability of the state to compete globally in three areas (economic growth, military technological development and value-cultural impact) allows us to talk about it in terms of full power, which is impossible without resorting to the complex phenomenon of "soft power", questions of national identity in a new way and to the non-material grounds of the state.
Prospects of the EAEU Single Services Market
Authors: Bolshova N. 
Published: August 2020

The paper analyzes the formation of a single services market in the Eurasian Economic union. Free trade of services plays an important role in the Eurasian economic integration. It contributes to the development of cross-border trade and business ties of the EAEU partners. The impact of services sector on reciprocal and international trade of member-states is expected to grow further in future as a result of deepening of economic integration and expanding of external economic relations of the EAEU.The paper reviews economic and institutional factors, which may hinder integration of member-states services markets. Among economic impediments the author highlights such factors as a low volume of intraregional trade in services, member-states' orientation on third countries in trade in services, a low level of diversification of brunch structures of their trade in services, a low share of innovative and business services in reciprocal trade, as well as monocentric system of trade in services (with one dominant state in the Union as a main supplier and consumer of services). As an institutional factor the author regards a lack of supranational mechanism of liberalization of reciprocal trade in services. Eurasian economic commission elaborates the plans of liberalization of trade in services. However the power of Commission to influence the decision making process in this sphere is limited by the member-states. The regulation of a single services market belongs to the authority of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and is beyond of the scope of direct competences of the Commission.
Abkhazia – 2019: from Khajimba to Khajimba
Authors: Novikov V. 
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the course and outcomes of 2019 Presidential election campaign in Abkhazia as well as factors that stipulated its character (postponement of elections because of Aslan Bzhania’s disease, the number of contenders, etc.). The alignment of forces before the campaign is outlined, and the principal contenders are characterized, together with political forces that promoted them. A due attention is paid to the extraordinary polycentrism of Abkhaz politics, in which not only the authority, opposition and the “third force” but also various electoral competitors of both the authority and the opposition, as well as numerous contenders to the role of the “third force” co-exist. Such disposition led to scattering of the electorate at the presidential election. The course of the electoral campaign is scrutinized with an emphasis put on the analysis of programmatic provisions of the contenders and their political style. The political maneuvers of the authority, opposition and Alexander Ankvab’ team between two rounds of the elections are traced. A special attention is paid to the causes of Raul Khajimba’s victory. The situation after the elections is also considered in the paper, and a prognosis is suggested of possible development.
The Influence of Armenian Elite Groups on Relations with Russia after the Power Transition
Authors: Tokarev A. A. , Margoev A. R. 
Published: August 2020

Small states in the Post-Soviet area have to make a geopolitical choice by leaning towards one of the great powers. The peaceful power transition that took place in Armenia in Spring-Fall 2018 was described by some Russian experts as “a color revolution” actively supported by external actors. However, it was exactly this unique case in which, despite such external influence, Armenian protesters did not demand a change in the geopolitical orientation of the country. Still, in spite of the preservation of the alliance between Russia and Armenia, part of Nikol Pashinyan’s team is evidently oriented to the West.Having conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with Armenian experts, the authors try to answer the following questions: what is the structure of the Armenian establishment? What do its representatives think of the strategy of Armenia-Russia relations? What messages are they sending to the Russian audience?The authors are convinced that it was not a revolution, though called a “velvet revolution”, but a change of the elite groups. The political system remains as it was, institutions have not been demolished or upgraded. The partnership between Russia and Armenia is still characterized as strategic.Nevertheless, there is some misunderstanding between the current authorities in Russia and Armenia. It has to do not only with the generation and ideological gaps between Russian and Armenian officials but also with the lack of communication between Nikol Pashinyan’s team and Russian decision-makers. The problem is that the Armenian elites do not understand Russia as they do not have an experience of dealing with the country. Hence the importance of enhanced coordination among Russian organizations advancing Russia’s soft power in Armenia.
The Return of the ISIL’s Terrorists as a Threat to Social and Political Stability in Russia
Authors: Krylov A. V. 
Published: August 2020

The Global terrorism is evolving, adapting to the new realities and still posing a serious threat to all humanity and the security of all countries of the world. Currently, the main terrorist threat comes from ISIL (Da’esh), which despite the complete defeat of the «caliphate» in Syria and Iraq, has a wide network of terrorist branches in the most problematic and conflict areas on the territory stretching from the Western part of the Sahel to the Philippines. The problem of foreign terrorist fighters returning and moving from the war zone to the countries of origin is the most urgent issue on the present agenda. At the annual press conference held on December 19, 2019 the Russian President Vladimir Putin again emphasized the topical character of this problem. He highlighted in particular that the problem of returning terrorist fighters can be solved only by joint efforts, and for this “it is necessary to establish highly effective joint cooperation”. At least 16 countries of the world, including Russia, have already suffered from terrorist attacks carried out by ISIL fighters returning from battlefields. The article analyses in detail the problems that the flow of recent supporters of «caliphate» returning to Russia and other countries brings. The study also contains consolidated recommendations on addressing the threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters affiliated with the «Islamic State».
Contribuições da osteopatia para o cuidado na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Schneider Leonardo mozzaquatro , Tesser Charles Dalcanale 
Published: August 2020

A osteopatia foi oficialmente reconhecida como PIC recentemente no SUS; e, como tal, sua inserção foi incentivada na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Este ensaio apresenta e discute algumas relações da osteopatia com a APS, enfocando conhecimentos e técnicas osteopáticas que podem contribuir para o fortalecimento de aspectos comuns a ambas. Tais contribuições incluem: a ênfase em tecnologias leves, compreendendo a qualidade da relação clínica, no sentido da construção de narrativas e estratégias capazes de esclarecer sobre questões fisiológicas, incluindo mecanismos endógenos de auto-regulação; introdução na APS de estimulação desse mecanismos por meio de algumas técnicas manuais osteopáticas; maior valorização da autonomia dos usuários frente a seus problemas de saúde; um melhor equilibrio frente a proeminência de tecnologias duras e leves/duras, protocolos e uso excessivo de exames diagnósticos na APS, facilitando uma diversificação interpretativa e terapêutica, com utilização crítica de evidências e sinais fisiológicos sem perder de vista o indivíduo como um todo; evitação do excesso de medicalização do cuidado, acentuado pelo comum compartilhamento de crenças e prognósticos catastróficos, que inibem o tempo, o interesse e o estímulo à auto-regulação necessários à dissolução de prognósticos excessivamente sombrios. O compartilhamento de saberes/técnicos osteopáticos pode ser útil para melhorar a intensidade das relações de cuidado e favorecer mudanças no processo de trabalho nas redes de atenção a saúde. Pesquisas e experimentações institucionais são necessárias para explorar essas potencialidades, compartilhando conhecimentos que enriqueçam equipes, gestores e usuários no sentido da construção de formas singulares, seguras e eficazes de cuidado.