bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscapes shared by visibility: a case study on the settlement relationships of the Songgukri culture, Korea
Authors: Kim Habeom , Bone Christopher , Lee Gyoung-Ah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Songgukri culture (c. 2900–2400 cal. BP) in the Geum River basin is often regarded as one of the earliest complex societies in the Korean peninsula, based on some evidence for an intensified agrarian economy and social differentiation. This study focuses on landscape visibility as a method of detecting settlement relationships of the Songgukri culture. Two measures of landscape visibility, viewshed size and shared-ness of viewshed (SoV), are examined in this study. Our results indicate that while Songgukri centers tend to have larger visibility of landscape than non-centers, both centers and non-centers share their visible landscape with other settlements at a remarkably high rate. We argue that landscape visibility at Songgukri settlements reflects a shared sense of cultural belonging among settlers, rather than sociopolitical inequality between the elites in centers and the non-elites in other settlements. This study highlights a long-term process, in which bottom-up cultural interactions of Songgukri residents may have contributed to the development of settlement organization and regional communal identities over time.
Wall Enhancement, Hemodynamics, and Morphology in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms with High Rupture Risk
Authors: Lv Nan , Karmonik Christof , Chen Shiyue , Wang Xinrui , Fang Yibin , Huang Qinghai , Liu Jianmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between morphology, hemodynamics, and aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) on vessel wall MRI and their potential role in rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Fifty-seven patients (22 males and 35 females; mean age of 58.4) harboring 65 unruptured intracranial aneurysms were retrospectively recruited. Vessel wall MRI images were reviewed and differentiated as no (NAWE), partial (PAWE), and circumferential (CAWE) wall enhancement. Computational geometry and computational fluid dynamics were used to calculate morphological and hemodynamic parameters. The PHASES score was calculated for each case to estimate its rupture risk. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between morphological-hemodynamic pattern and AWE as well as their association with rupture risk. AWE was present in 26 (40.0%) lesions, including 14 (21.5%) PAWE and 12 (18.5%) CAWE. Aneurysm size (odds ratio = 7.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.56–35.77, p = 0.012), size ratio (odds ratio = 12.90, 95% confidence interval = 2.28–72.97, p = 0.004), and normalized wall shear stress (odds ratio = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.69, p = 0.018) were independently associated with the presence of AWE. With increasing PHASES score, size-related parameters and the frequency of irregular shape increased significantly, and a hemodynamic pattern of lower and oscillating wall shear stress was observed. Simultaneously, the proportion of NAWE aneurysms decreased, and PAWE and CAWE aneurysms increased significantly (p < 0.001). Unruptured intracranial aneurysms with a higher rupture risk presented with a significantly larger size, lower wall shear stress, and more intense AWE, which might support the interaction between morphology, hemodynamics, and inflammation and their potential role in aneurysm rupture prediction.
Verwaltungsdokumente als Vehikel in der biografischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Heimerziehung der 1950er und 1960er Jahre
Authors: Apel Magdalena 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von Fürsorgeakten der 1950er und 1960er Jahre für Zeitzeug_innen der damaligen Heimerziehung herausgearbeitet. Dafür werden biografisch-narrative Interviews mit einer hermeneutischen Perspektive analysiert. Die Bedeutung der Dokumente im Rahmen biografischer Aufarbeitung von vergangenen Geschehnissen steht dabei im Zentrum. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Wirkmacht der Schriftstücke für die befragten Zeitzeug_innen von der Vergangenheit bis in die Gegenwart reicht. Akteur_innen der Heimerziehung sowie von diesen in den Akten festgehaltene Zuschreibungen an die ehemals im Heim Untergebrachten werden in den Erzählungen aus der Retrospektive der Interviewten wieder gegenwärtig. Der Akteninhalt kann Antworten auf lange gestellte, identitätsstiftende Fragen liefern, aber auch mit der eigenen Erinnerung in heftigen Widerspruch treten. Der weitere Umgang mit den Dokumenten im Rahmen der eigenen biografischen Auseinandersetzung wird von den Zeitzeug_innen dementsprechend unterschiedlich imaginiert und ausgestaltet.
Serotonin discovery and stepwise disclosure of 5-HT receptor complexity over four decades. Part II. Some contributions of Manfred Göthert
Authors: Göthert Manfred , Bönisch Heinz , Malinowska Barbara , Schlicker Eberhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAbout 40% of the papers within the scientific oeuvre of Manfred Göthert (1939–2019) were dedicated to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). He was not only the witness of the gradual definition of the fourteen 5-HT receptor subtypes but also was involved directly by identifying 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT3 receptors. Moreover, he identified presynaptic 5-HT receptors on central and/or peripheral serotoninergic, noradrenergic and/or cholinergic neurones. Two inhibitory (5-HT1B, 5-HT1D) and two facilitatory (5-HT3, 5-HT4) receptors were found, the 5-HT1B receptor representing a possible target for antidepressant drugs. Ten years earlier than electrophysiologists, he identified ligand-gated receptors like the 5-HT3 and the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor as targets of halothane. Simultaneously with, but independent of, other authors he found that ethanol allosterically inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are affected at an even lower concentration than 5-HT3 and nACh receptors. The latter two receptors were shown to be subject to allosteric inhibition also by cannabinoids via a mechanism unrelated to cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors; cannabinoid inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors may represent a new target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Common Comorbidities of Stroke in the Canadian Population
Authors: Elamy Abdel-Halim Hafez , Shuaib Ashfaq , Carriere Keumhee C. , Jeerakathil Thomas 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Although comorbidity increases the health care and community support needs for patients, and the burden for the health care system, there are few population-based studies on comorbidity in patients with stroke. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of important comorbidities among stroke patients in the Canadian population.Methods:Data from the population-based 2011–2012 Canadian Community Health Survey containing responses from 124,929 participants covering about 98% of the Canadian population when weighted were examined and analyzed by means of logistic regression models.Results:There was a statistically significant association between stroke history and multiple comorbid risk factors. Stroke prevalence increased in individuals with heart disease (odds ratio (OR): 3.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.77–3.84), hypertension (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.95–1.99), diabetes (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.72–1.75), mood disorder (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 2.12–2.17), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.44–1.48) compared to others without the condition. Of 2067 participants with stroke, 1680 (81.3%) had one or more comorbid conditions (heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, mood disorder, or COPD) that coexist with stroke and 48% had two or more. Comorbidity increased with age, and two-thirds of stroke patients with comorbid medical conditions were 60 years of age or older.Conclusion:This population-based study provides evidence of comorbidity between stroke and other conditions that include heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, mood disorder, and COPD. Canadian individuals with stroke have a high burden of comorbidity. Health care systems need to recognize and respond to the strong association of comorbidity and stroke occurrence. This key factor should be considered when allocating resources.
Engagement science: The core of dissemination, implementation, and translational research science
Authors: Meissner Paul , Cottler Linda B. , Eder Milton “Mickey” , Michener J. Lloyd 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStakeholder engagement is acknowledged as central to dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research that generates and answers new clinical and health service research questions. There is both benefit and risk in conducting stakeholder engagement. Done wrong, it can damage trust and adversely impact study results, outcomes, and reputations. Done correctly with sensitivity, inclusion, and respect, it can significantly facilitate improvements in research prioritization, communication, design, recruitment strategies, and ultimately provide results useful to improve population and individual health. There is a recognized science of stakeholder engagement, but a general lack of knowledge that matches its strategies and approaches to particular populations of interest based on history and characteristics. This article reviews stakeholder engagement, provides several examples of its application across the range of translational research, and recommends that Clinical Translational Science Awards, with their unique geographical, systems, and historical characteristics, actively participate in deepening our understanding of stakeholder engagement science and methods within implementation and dissemination research. These recommendations include (a) development of an inventory of successful stakeholder engagement strategies; (b) coordination and intentionally testing a variety of stakeholder engagement strategies; (c) tool kit development; and (d) identification of fundamental motivators and logic models for stakeholder engagement to help align stakeholders and researchers.
Preoperative risk stratification of deep sternal wound infection after coronary surgery
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Gatti Giuseppe , Rosato Stefano , Mariscalco Giovanni , Pappalardo Aniello , Onorati Francesco , Faggian Giuseppe , Salsano Antonio , Santini Francesco , Ruggieri Vito G. , Perrotti Andrea , Santarpino Giuseppe , Fischlein Theodor , Saccocci Matteo , Musumeci Francesco , Rubino Antonino S. , De Feo Marisa , Bancone Ciro , Nicolini Francesco , Kinnunen Eeva-Maija , Demal Till , D’Errigo Paola , Juvonen Tatu , Dalén Magnus , Maselli Daniele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To develop a risk score for deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Design:Multicenter, prospective study.Setting:Tertiary-care referral hospitals.Participants:The study included 7,352 patients from the European multicenter coronary artery bypass grafting (E-CABG) registry.Intervention:Isolated CABG.Methods:An additive risk score (the E-CABG DSWI score) was estimated from the derivation data set (66.7% of patients), and its performance was assessed in the validation data set (33.3% of patients).Results:DSWI occurred in 181 (2.5%) patients and increased 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.275; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.804–6.517). Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.804; 95% CI, 1.161–2.802), body mass index ≥30 kg/m2(OR, 1.729; 95% CI, 1.166–2.562), glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2(OR, 2.410; 95% CI, 1.413–4.111), diabetes (OR, 1.741; 95% CI, 1.178–2.573), pulmonary disease (OR, 1.935; 95% CI, 1.178–3.180), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.854; 95% CI, 1.096–3.138), critical preoperative state (OR, 2.196; 95% CI, 1.209–3.891), and bilateral internal mammary artery grafting (OR, 2.088; 95% CI, 1.422–3.066) were predictors of DSWI (derivation data set). An additive risk score was calculated by assigning 1 point to each of these independent risk factors for DSWI. In the validation data set, the rate of DSWI increased along with the E-CABG DSWI scores (score of 0, 1.0%; score of 1, 1.8%; score of 2, 2.2%; score of 3, 6.9%; score ≥4: 12.1%;P< .0001). Net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, and decision curve analysis showed that the E-CABG DSWI score performed better than other risk scores.Conclusions:DSWI is associated with poor outcome after CABG, and its risk can be stratified using the E-CABG DSWI score.Trial registration:clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02319083
HIGHER EDUCATION FOR HAREDIM IN ISRAEL
Authors: Hartman Tova , Zicherman Chaim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades a number of Israeli institutions of higher education have opened gender-segregated programs for the ultra-Orthodox, or haredim. The growth of these programs has generated an intense debate in Israel, reflected throughout Israeli media and in several appeals to Israel's Supreme Court. The issues raised concerning gender-segregated higher education reflect an overarching inquiry that is of great interest to multicultural theoreticians: the relationship of liberal democracies to their illiberal minorities. Multicultural theoreticians agree that healthy democracies must tolerate some illiberal practices while acknowledging that not every illiberal practice can be tolerated. In the case at hand, the essay addresses the question: can a liberal democracy tolerate gender-segregated higher education? Using work by Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, Kwame Anthony Appiah, John Inazu, and others, the essay reviews the arguments for and against gender segregation in higher education for Israeli haredim. The essay explores the limits of toleration of illiberal cultures within liberal democratic societies and finds crucial the right to exit such a culture—a right whose viability is dependent upon adequate education. The essay concludes by discussing the multiculturalism organization development model and what has been termed the manyness and messiness of multiculturalism.
Savvy Surrogates and Rock Star Parents: Compensation Provisions, Contracting Practices, and the Value of Womb Work
Authors: Berk Hillary L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:What is the value of surrogate labor and risks, and how is it negotiated by participants as they contract within an unsettled baby market? This article presents novel data on compensation, fee, and bodily autonomy provisions formalized in surrogacy contracts, and the experiences of actors embedded in exchange relations, as they emerge in a contested reproductive market. It combines content analysis of a sample of thirty surrogacy contracts with 115 semi-structured interviews conducted in twenty states across the United States of parties to these agreements, attorneys who draft them, counselors, and agencies that coordinate matches between intended parents and surrogates. It analyzes the value of services and medical risks, such as loss of a uterus, selective abortion, and “carrier incapacity,” as they are encoded into agreements within an ambiguous field. Surrogacy is presented as an interactive social process involving law, markets, medicine, and a variety of cultural norms surrounding gender, motherhood, and work. Contracts have actual and symbolic power, legitimating transactions despite moral anxieties. Compensation transforms pregnancy into a job while helping participants make sense of the market and their “womb work” given normative flux. Contracts are deployed by professionals without informed policies that could enhance power and reduce potential inequalities.
Conceptualizing Consent: How Prosecutors Identify Sexual Victimization in Statutory Rape Cases
Authors: Small Jamie L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn the wake of rape law reforms, lack of sexual consent emerged as a key element that defined sexual contact as criminal. Its presence modified the requirement of force or threat of violence, and it gained traction in campaigns to eradicate sexual assault. Little is known, however, about how prosecutors assess consent. In this article, I use the case of statutory rape to better understand the legal construction of sexual consent. By focusing on an age-based class of individuals who are sexually mature but still under the age of consent, I show how legal actors identify sexual victimization among youth. Drawing on interviews with forty-three prosecutors, I analyze prosecutorial decision making during the investigation, charging, and trial phases. I find that sexual consent is not simply a dichotomous legal category but rather a sociological process. Prosecutors define sexual victimization based on informal ideas about normative adolescent sexuality, reproducing social hierarchies based on age, gender, and sexual identity.
Changes in fruit, vegetable and fish consumption after statutory retirement: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ali-Kovero Kirsi , Pietiläinen Olli , Mauramo Elina , Jäppinen Sauli , Rahkonen Ossi , Lallukka Tea , Kanerva Noora 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRetirement is a major life transition affecting health and health behaviour, but evidence on how this transition contributes to changes in healthy food habits is scarce. We examined whether the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fish changes after transition into statutory retirement. The data were derived from the prospective Helsinki Health Study. At phase 1 in 2000–2002, all participants were 40- to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n 8960, response rate 67 %). Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (response rates 79–83 %). Using the four phases, we formed three nested cohorts in which the participants either continued working or moved to statutory retirement. The final analytical sample consisted of 6887 participants (14 357 observations). Frequency of fruit, vegetable and fish consumption was calculated from a twenty-two-item FFQ. Analyses of repeated measures of food consumption before and after retirement transition were conducted with a negative binomial mixed model, adjusting for age, marital status, limiting long-standing illness and household income. During the follow-up, altogether 3526 participants retired. Transition to retirement was associated with a decrease in vegetable consumption among women and, contrarily, with an increase in fruit consumption among men (P < 0·05 for interaction between time and employment status). Fish consumption did not differ by the change in employment status. Statutory retirement can have mixed effects on healthy food habits, and these can differ between food groups and sex. Healthy food habits should be promoted among employees transitioning to retirement.
A TRANSREGIONAL PERSIANATE LIBRARY: THE PRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION OFTADHKIRAS OF PERSIAN POETS IN THE 18THAND 19THCENTURIES
Authors: Schwartz Kevin L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThetadhkira(biographical anthology) represents one of the most prolific and prevalent categories of texts produced in Islamicate societies, yet few studies have sought to understand the larger processes that governed their production and circulation on a transregional basis. This article examines and maps the production, circulation, and citation networks oftadhkiras of Persian poets in the 18thand 19thcenturies. It understandstadhkiras of Persian poets as a transregional library that served as a repository of accessible and circulating texts meant to be incorporated, reworked, and repackaged by a cadre of authors separated by space and time. By relying on a macroanalytical approach, quantifiable data, and digital mapping, this article highlights the overall construction of the transregional library itself, the impact of state disintegration and formation on its constitution, and the different ways authors on opposite ends of the Persianate world came to view this library by the end of the 19thcentury.
Education, Labour, and Discipline: New Perspectives on Imperial Practices and Indigenous Children in Colonial Asia
Authors: Kamphuis Kirsten , van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the two articles in this Special Theme on education, labour, and discipline in colonial Asia. It offers a brief historiography of education to indigenous children in the colonial context provided by non-state as well as state actors. We argue that while many studies have separated the motives behind, and actions of, these different actors in relation to education and “civilizing missions”, it is worthwhile connecting these histories. Moreover, apart from looking at motives, the articles in this Special Theme aim to show the value of studying educationalpracticesin a colonial context. Finally, this introduction identifies several opportunities for future – comparative as well as transnational – studies into the topic of education, child labour, and discipline.
Dis/ordering politics: urban riots and the socio-political configuration of contemporary Niger
Authors: Schritt Jannik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on ‘generic moments of becoming’, historical sedimentation and patterns of recurrent protests to explain the structural drivers that sparked the dramatic increase in urban protests and riots in Niger between 2013 and 2018. It identifies several factors in the country's socio-political configuration as particularly important for understanding the protests: new media and politics by proxy, political machines, the social and political embeddedness of civil society, ethnicity and regional political strongholds, the legacy ofFrançafrique, religious reform movements, and male youth violence. In examining these drivers, the article aims to provide an informative overview of contemporary politics and society in Niger and to counter culturalist, ahistoric and Eurocentric notions of ‘African disorder’.
Parodies of whiteness: Die Antwoord and the politics of race, gender, and class in South Africa
Authors: Bekker Ian , Levon Erez 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dramatic reconfiguration of the social, political, and ideological order in South Africa since 1990/1994 has demanded a concomitant reconceptualization of (white) Afrikaner notions of self and belonging in the (new) nation. In this article, we draw on recent developments in the study of varidirectional voicing (polyphony), performance, and mediatization to examine how the South African rap-rave group Die Antwoord makes use of parody and metaparody in their music to critique emerging ‘new Afrikaner’ identities and the racial, class, and gender configurations on which they are based. We also discuss the structural limits of these critiques and the political potential of (meta)parodic performance more generally. ((Meta)parody, polyphony, performance, race, class, gender, South Africa)*