bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural properties of fundamental function encoding of sound selectivity in the female avian auditory cortex
Authors: Inda Masahiro , Hotta Kohji , Oka Kotaro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractZebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) use their voices for communication. Song structures in the songs of individual males are important for sound recognition in females. The caudomedial mesopallium (CMM) and nidopallium (NCM) are known to be essential higher auditory regions for sound recognition. These two regions have also been discussed with respect to their fundamental functions and song selectivity. To clarify their functions and selectivity, we investigated latencies and spiking patterns and also developed a novel correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship between neural activity and the characteristics of acoustic factors. We found that the latencies and spiking patterns in response to song stimuli differed between the CMM and NCM. In addition, our correlation analysis revealed that amplitude and frequency structures were important temporal acoustic factors for both regions. Although the CMM and NCM have different fundamental functions, they share similar encoding systems for acoustic factors.
Number of subjects required in common study designs for functional GABA magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the human brain at 3 Tesla
Authors: Sanaei Nezhad Faezeh , Lea‐Carnall Caroline A. , Anton Adriana , Jung JeYoung , Michou Emilia , Williams Stephen R. , Parkes Laura M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a research tool for measuring the concentration of metabolites such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the brain. MEGA‐PRESS has been the preferred pulse sequence for GABA measurements due to low physiological GABA concentrations, hence low signal. To compensate, researchers incorporate long acquisition durations (7–10 min) making functional measurements of this metabolite challenging. Here, the acquisition duration and sample sizes required to detect specific concentration changes in GABA using MEGA‐PRESS at 3 T are presented for both between‐groups and within‐session study designs. 75 spectra were acquired during rest using MEGA‐PRESS from 41 healthy volunteers in 6 different brain regions at 3 T with voxel sizes between 13 and 22 cm3. Between‐group and within‐session variance was calculated for different acquisition durations and power calculations were performed to determine the number of subjects required to detect a given percentage change in GABA/NAA signal ratio. Within‐subject variability was assessed by sampling different segments of a single acquisition. Power calculations suggest that detecting a 15% change in GABA using a 2 min acquisition and a 27 cm3 voxel size, depending on the region, requires between 8 and 93 subjects using a within‐session design. A between‐group design typically requires more participants to detect the same difference. In brain regions with suboptimal shimming, the subject numbers can be up to 4‐fold more. Collecting data for longer than 4 min in brain regions examined in this study is deemed unnecessary, as variance in the signal did not reduce further for longer durations.
Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Jefferys John G. R. , Arafat Muhammad A. , Irazoqui Pedro P. , Lovick Thelma A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how prolonged seizure activity affects cardiorespiratory function and activity of pre‐Bötzinger complex, leading to sudden death.MethodsUrethane‐anesthetized female Long‐Evans rats were implanted with nasal thermocouple; venous and arterial cannulae; and electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG) and hippocampal, cortical, and brainstem recording. Kainic acid injection into the ventral hippocampus induced status epilepticus.ResultsSeizures caused hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea punctuated by recurrent transient apneas. Salivation increased considerably: in 11 of 12 rats, liquid with alkaline pH consistent with saliva was expelled from the mouth. Most transient apneas were obstructive: nasal airflow ceased, while, in 83%, efforts to breathe persisted as continued rhythmic activity of respiratory pre‐Bötzinger neurons, inspiratory electromyography (EMG), and excursions of the chest wall and abdomen. Blood pressure oscillated in time with respiratory efforts. This pattern also occurred in a minority of cases (16%) of incomplete apnea, but not in rare cases (1%) of transient central apneas. During transient obstructive apneas, the frequency of all inspiratory efforts decreased abruptly by ~30%, suggesting a resetting of the central respiratory rhythm generator. Twenty‐two of thirty‐one rats died, due either to obstructive apnea (12) or central apnea following progressive slowing of respiration (10). Most rats dying of central apnea had experienced several transient obstructive apneas. Negative DC field potential shifts of the brainstem followed the final breath, consistent with previous reports on spreading depolarization in mouse models. Timing suggests that the DC shift is a consequence rather than cause of respiratory collapse. Cardiac activity continued for tens of seconds.SignificanceSeizure activity in forebrain induces pronounced autonomic activation and disrupts activity in medullary respiratory centers, resulting in death from either obstructive or central apnea. These results directly inform mechanisms of death in status epilepticus, and indirectly provide clues to mechanisms of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Comparison of outcomes following treatment of septic calcaneal bursitis by needle or bursoscopic lavage: A retrospective study of 29 horses
Authors: Duggan M. J. S. , Mair T. S. 
Published: November 2019

SummarySepsis of the calcaneal bursae (CB) presents significant treatment challenges with limited clinical data available in the literature. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the clinical outcomes associated with CB lavage using either a through‐and‐through needle or bursoscopic technique. Clinical records of 29 horses treated for septic calcaneal bursitis using either technique between 2005 and 2019 were reviewed. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess statistical significance between first surgical technique and success at first surgery (i.e. not requiring >1 lavage), survival to discharge and return to work (RTW). Bursoscopy was performed in 13/29 (44.8%) cases, and needle lavage in 16/29 (55.2%). In the needle group, 12 (75%) horses were discharged following the first surgery. Four had repeat interventions; two (12.5%) had needle lavage and two (12.5%) had bursoscopy. Of the two horses to have repeat needle lavage, one was subjected to euthanasia and one discharged, and of the two that underwent bursoscopy, one was discharged and one received a third bursoscopy prior to discharge. In the bursoscopy group, seven (53.8%) were discharged and three (23.1%) were subjected to euthanasia following the first surgery. Three (23.1%) received a second bursoscopic lavage with one discharged, one subjected to euthanasia and one having a third bursoscopic lavage prior to discharge. Overall, 18/24 (75%) followed up cases RTW, 10 (55.5%) from the needle group, eight (44.4%) the bursoscopy group. No statistically significant differences between first surgical technique used and success at first surgery (no subsequent lavage(s) required), survival to discharge or return to work were detected. The main limitations of this study are that it is a retrospective study, has a small population with limited statistical power and potential selection bias. No statistically significant differences existed between the outcomes of the two techniques, contrary to the belief that bursoscopic lavage is superior. Larger, multicentred studies, with greater statistical power are required to further assess this relationship.
Aquifer Storage and Recovery Using Saline Aquifers: Hydrogeological Controls and Opportunities
Authors: Maliva Robert G. , Manahan William S. , Missimer Thomas M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a valuable tool for managing variations in the supply and demand of freshwater, but system performance is highly dependent upon system‐specific hydrogeological conditions including the salinity of the storage‐zone native groundwater. ASR systems using storage zones containing saline (>10,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids) groundwater tend to have relatively low recovery efficiencies (REs). However, the drawbacks of low REs may be offset by lesser treatment requirements and may be of secondary importance where the stored water (e.g., excess reclaimed, surface, and storm waters) would otherwise go to waste and pose disposal costs. Density‐dependent, solute‐transport modeling results demonstrate that the RE of ASR systems using a saline storage zone is most strongly controlled by parameters controlling free convection (e.g., horizontal hydraulic conductivity) and mixing of recharged and native groundwater (e.g., dispersivity and aquifer heterogeneity). Preferred storage zone conditions are moderate hydraulic conductivities (5 to 20 m/d), low degrees of aquifer heterogeneity, and primary porosity‐dominated siliclastic and limestones lithologies with effective porosities greater than 5%. Where hydrogeological conditions are less favorable, operational options are available to improve RE, such as preferential recovery from the top of the storage zone. Injection of large volumes of excess water currently not needed into saline aquifers could create valuable water resources that could be tapped in the future during times of greater need.
Thermal and crystallization kinetics of yttrium‐doped phosphate‐based glasses
Authors: Arafat Abul , Samad Sabrin A. , Wadge Matthew D. , Islam Md Towhidul , Lewis Andrew L. , Barney Emma R. , Ahmed Ifty 
Published: November 2019

AbstractYttrium‐doped glasses have been utilized for biomedical applications such as radiotherapy, especially for liver cancer treatment. In this paper, the crystallization behavior of phosphate‐based glasses doped with yttrium (in the system 45P2O5–(30 − x) Na2O–25CaO–xY2O3—where x = 0, 1, 3 and 5) have been investigated via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) using nonisothermal technique at different heating rates (5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C/min). The glass compositions were characterized via EDX, XRD, Density and Molar volume analysis. The Moynihan and Kissinger methods were used for the determination of glass transition activation energy (Eg) which decreased from 192 to 118 kJ/mol (Moynihan) and 183 to 113 kJ/mol (Kissinger) with increasing yttrium oxide content. Incorporation of 0 to 5 mol% Y2O3 revealed an approximate decrease of 71 kJ/mol (Ozawa and Augis) for onset crystallization (Ex) and 26 kJ/mol (Kissinger) for crystallization peak activation energies (Ec). Avrami index (n) value analyzed via Matusita–Sakka equation suggested a one‐dimensional crystal growth for the glasses investigated. SEM analysis explored the crystalline morphologies and revealed one‐dimensional needle‐like crystals. Overall, it was found that these glass formulations remained amorphous with up to 5 mol% Y2O3 addition with further increases in Y2O3 content resulting in significant crystallization.
Camel milk regulates T‐cell proliferation to alleviate dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis in mice
Authors: Cui Changwan , Lu Yiping , Yue Yuanyi , Wu Si , Wang Shuang , Yu Miao , Sun Zhengrong 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in China. Current clinical methods of treatment for IBD are accompanied by side effects, and thus, the search for effective therapeutic drugs with minimal adverse effects is necessary. In the present study, the effects of camel milk (CM) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced acute and chronic colitis in a mouse model were investigated. The results showed CM effectively alleviated the injury induced by DSS to the colon mucosa and imbalance of immune cells in mice. However, treatment with CM significantly increased the body weight of mice and decreased the disease activity index (DAI), histopathological score, proliferation of Th17 cells and concentration of inflammatory cytokine IL‐17. The results from the present study indicate CM possesses intestinal protective effects.
Production and characterisation of antioxidant peptides from sweet potato protein by enzymatic hydrolysis with radio frequency pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Miao , Huang Tung‐Shi , Mu Tai‐Hua 
Published: November 2019

SummaryEffect of radio frequency (RF at 70, 80 and 90 °C) pretreatment on production and characterisation of sweet potato protein hydrolysates (SPPH) prepared using Alcalase (ALC), Protease (PRO) and the combination of ALC + PRO was investigated. RF highly improved degree of hydrolysis (DH) and enhanced antioxidant activity of all SPPH produced by ALC, PRO and the combination as compared to traditional water bath (WB) heating pretreatment (P < 0.05). RF significantly increased molecular weight (MW) <3 kDa peptide fraction from SPPH produced by ALC, and MW <3 kDa peptide fraction from RF80‐ and RF90‐pretreated samples has higher antioxidant activity. Diverse peptides in MW <3 kDa fractions with RF80 and RF90 pretreatments were identified using LC–QTOF–MS/MS, which matched the sequences of sporamins and contained antioxidant amino acids Trp, Tyr, Met, Phe and/or His. There is a great potential application of using SPPH in functional foods as a novel ingredient.
Analysis of flavour compounds and prediction of sensory properties in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries
Authors: Ma Xueying , Yang Wei , Marsol‐Vall Alexis , Laaksonen Oskar , Yang Baoru 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate sugars, organic acids, flavonol glycosides (FGs), proanthocyanidins and volatiles as flavour compounds in sea buckthorn (SB) berries of five cultivars and to predict the sensory properties of berries. The profiles of flavour compounds in SB berries varied significantly among the cultivars. Total proanthocyanidins and FGs were highest in ‘Pertsik’ and ‘Raisa’, respectively. Total volatiles were highest in ‘Vorobyevskaya’ and lowest in ‘Raisa’. A previously established PLS model was used to predict the sensory properties of SB berries based on the non‐volatile flavour compounds. The mouth‐drying astringency can be predicted the most reliably, which has the highest regression coefficients with quinic acid, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside‐7‐O‐rhamnoside and total proanthocyanidins. Bitterness cannot be predicted using the model. ‘Pertsik’ berries were predicted to be more mouth‐drying astringency and sour than those of ‘Raisa’. The research supports the cultivar selection in cultivation and industry of SB berries.
Red meat (beef and sheep) products for an ageing population: a review
Authors: Holman Benjamin W.B. , Fowler Stephanie M. , Hopkins David L. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe global population is becoming older, and still, this cohort considers red meat (beef and sheep meat) as an important staple in their diet. It is understood that the requirements from these red meats will vary as a person ages, often because of associated physiological changes; nutrition and health concerns; and reduced sensorial capacities. This creates an imperative to develop red meat products that appeal and satisfy the demands of elderly people. Here, we have reviewed current literature with the aim to comprehend the elderly consumer market, their demands for nutritive and quality traits, and their requirements for safe and convenient red meat (beef and sheep) products. Based on these studies, it was apparent that these specifications may be delivered using available knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic influences on red meat if considered within the context of elderly customers, that is, to deliver upon elderly people’s requirements for conventional red meat products which are inexpensive, of consistent and perceivable high quality, and quell any associated health concerns for the consumer.
Modeling birefringence in SiO2 glass fiber using surface stress relaxation
Authors: Hausmann Bronson D. , Miller Paul A. , Aaldenberg Emily M. , Blanchet Thierry A. , Tomozawa Minoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe retardance of silica glass fibers was evaluated using photoelastic techniques. Here, surface birefringence in glass fibers is shown to be a consequence of surface stress relaxation for as‐received fibers drawn from Suprasil II. The surface features of the birefringent fibers were compared to a model of the residual axial stress profile resulting from a diffusion‐controlled surface stress relaxation. Additionally, a uniform birefringence in the fiber equivalent to a constant tensile stress was recognized and attributed to structural anisotropy produced during fiber drawing. The contribution of structural anisotropy to the observed birefringence remained constant as the surface features were successively etched away. Surface compressive stress generation was also observed, as retardance corresponding to a surface compressive stress was found to increase with applied tensile stress during short heat treatments. Significant features of the retardance profile in as‐received silica glass fibers, with a thin surface compressive stress layer and compensating interior tensile stress, agreed with the residual stress profiles predicted by the surface stress relaxation model after correcting for this observed structural anisotropy.
y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 contribution to arginine uptake in different human cell models: Implications in the pathophysiology of Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
Authors: Rotoli Bianca Maria , Barilli Amelia , Visigalli Rossana , Ferrari Francesca , Dall’Asta Valeria 
Published: November 2019

Abstracty+LAT1 (encoded by SLC7A7), together with y+LAT2 (encoded by SLC7A6), is the alternative light subunits composing the heterodimeric transport system y+L for cationic and neutral amino acids. SLC7A7 mutations cause lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), an inherited multisystem disease characterized by low plasma levels of arginine and lysine, protein‐rich food intolerance, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, lung involvement, kidney failure, haematologic and immunological disorders. The reason for the heterogeneity of LPI symptoms is thus far only poorly understood. Here, we aimed to quantitatively compare the expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A6 among different human cell types and evaluate y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 contribution to arginine transport. We demonstrate that system y+L‐mediated arginine transport is mainly accounted for by y+LAT1 in monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM) and y+LAT2 in fibroblasts. The kinetic analysis of arginine transport indicates that y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 share a comparable affinity for the substrate. Differences have been highlighted in the expression of SLC7A6 and SLC7A7 mRNA among different cell models: while SLC7A6 is almost equally expressed, SLC7A7 is particularly abundant in MDM, intestinal Caco‐2 cells and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpC). The characterization of arginine uptake demonstrates that system y+L is operative in renal cells and in Caco‐2 where, at the basolateral side, it mediates arginine efflux in exchange with leucine plus sodium. These findings explain the defective absorption/reabsorption of arginine in LPI. Moreover, y+LAT1 is the prevailing transporter in MDM sustaining a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of immunological complications associated with the disease.
Family history of diabetes in both parents is strongly associated with impaired residual β‐cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Iwata Minoru , Kamura Yutaka , Honoki Hisae , Kobayashi Kaori , Ishiki Manabu , Yagi Kunimasa , Fukushima Yasuo , Takano Atsuko , Kato Hiromi , Murakami Shihou , Higuchi Kiyohiro , Kobashi Chikaaki , Fukuda Kazuhito , Koshimizu Yukiko , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe objective of the present study was to clarify the association of the type and number of first‐degree family history of diabetes (FHD) with the clinical characteristics, especially with residual β‐cell function, in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,131 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited and divided into four groups according to FHD information as follows: (i) patients without FHD (FHD−); (ii) those with at least one sibling who had diabetes without parental diabetes (FHD+); (iii) those with one parent (FHD++); or (iv) those with both parents (FHD+++) who had diabetes with or without a sibling with diabetes.ResultsThe percentages of the FHD−, FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were 49.4%, 13.4%, 34.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in the FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were significantly younger at the time of diabetes diagnosis (P < 0.001) than those in the FHD− and FHD+ groups, even after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, the levels of insulin secretion were significantly lower in the patients in the FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups than those in the FHD− group (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors, and the patients in the FHD+++ group presented with the lowest levels of insulin secretion among the four groups.ConclusionsOur results showed that in type 2 diabetes patients, the degree of the associations between FHD and clinical characteristics differs according to the number and the type of FHD. In particular, FHD in both parents is most strongly associated with impaired residual β‐cell function.
Differential response to larval crowding of a long‐ and a short‐lived medfly biotype
Authors: Diamantidis Alexandros D. , Ioannou Charalampos S. , Nakas Christos T. , Carey James R. , Papadopoulos Nikos T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResponse of endophytic fruit fly species (Tephritidae) to larval crowding is a form of scramble competition that may affect important life history traits of adults, such as survival and reproduction. Recent empirical evidence demonstrates large differences in adult life history traits, especially longevity, among Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata;"medfly") biotypes obtained from different regions of the world. However, whether the evolution of long lifespan is associated with response to stress induced by larval crowding has not been fully elucidated. We investigated, under constant laboratory conditions, the response of a short‐ and a long‐lived medfly biotypes to stress induced by larval crowding. Survival and development of larvae and pupae and the size of resulting pupae were recorded. The lifespan and age‐specific egg production patterns of the obtained adults were recorded. Our findings reveal that increased larval density reduced immature survival (larvae and pupae) in the short‐lived biotype but had rather neutral effects on the longed‐lived one. Only larvae of the long‐lived biotype were capable of prolonging their developmental duration under the highest crowding regime to successfully pupate and emerge as adults. Response of emerging adults to larvae crowding conditions was similar in the two medfly biotypes. Those individuals emerging from high larval density regimes had reduced longevity and fecundity. Long‐lived biotype individuals, however, appeared to suffer a higher cost in longevity compared with the short‐lived one. The importance of our findings to understand the evolution of long lifespan is discussed.