bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Solution of Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Inclined Sheet With Effects of Magnetic Field
Authors: Yusuf Abdulhakeem , Bolarin Gbolahan , Adekunle Samson T 
Published: June 2020

Flow of a nanofluid in a boundary layer in an inclined moving sheet at angle is considered analytically. The Mathematical formulation consists of the Magnetic parameter, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Previously published work considered convective boundary condition. The present study considered an inclined stretching sheet at angle in one dimension and considered thermal conditions of non convective heating and heat flux. Solutions to momentum, temperature and concentration distribution depends on seven parameters, Magnetic parameter M, Lewis number Le, Prandtl number Pr, thermophoresis parameter Nt, the Brownian motion parameter Nb, unsteady parameter c and Grashof numbers Gr and Gc. The non linear coupled Differential equations were solved using the improved Adomian decomposition method and a good agreement was established with the numerical method (Shooting technique). Analytical result is also presented graphically to illustrate the effect of the earlier listed parameters on Momentum, temperature and nanofraction boundary layers. Momentum boundary layer increases with increase in Grashof numbers, angle of inclination and unsteady parameter..Keywords— Adomian Decompostion Method (ADM), Nanofluid, Inclined sheet, magnetic field effects, Numerical Method (NM).
Effect of Double-T and V-shaped Pipe Configurations and Perforations on the Quality of Chicken Litter Compost
Authors: Akpenpuun Timothy D , Ajayi-Banji Ademola A , Adeniran Kamoru A , Ahmed Mahmud T 
Published: June 2020

Livestock waste management has received much attention because of the huge volume and instability. One of the good management practices adopted to address this menace is composting. This study examined the effect of specialized passively aerated composters on some physicochemical properties of chicken litter. The composter is made up of six double T and V shaped pipe with three different perforation diameters of 15, 20 and 25 mm. Pile configuration of the developed composters had marked effect on total nitrogen content (p0.05) of the compost subjected to 90 days composting time. The composters had uniform air distribution as pile temperature was not significantly affected by pile configuration, perforation size, and their interactions. Furthermore, both T and V shaped pipe structures reached a thermophilic temperature of 49.0 and 67 oC respectively and the compost stabilized in the 12th week. From the agronomic point of view, V-shaped pipe outperformed double inverted T pipes with perforation sizes of 15 and 20 mm. Overall result from this study suggests that double-T and V-shaped composters are feasible composting systems that can enhance biodegradation, maturation, and stability of chicken litter.Keyword: compost, litter, composter, double-T, pile, perforation.
Effect of set-up heights on the performance of pot-in-pot cooling system for storing food and drugs at ambient temperature
Authors: Yahaya Suleiman A , Akande Kareem A , Raji Aisha O , Abdulrahman Kamaldeen O , Enagi Ibrahim I 
Published: June 2020

The research aimed at evaluating the effect of set-up height on the performance of earthenware pot-in-pot cooling system. The pots were set up at different heights; H1 (0 m), H2 (0.5 m) and H3 (1 m) and observed for 59 days from 8:00am to 6:00pm daily. The inner temperatures obtained from the three different arrangements were determined using standard methods. The result showed that increasing the height from ground level (0 m) to 1 m increases the mean cooling effect by 8 %. Generally, it was observed that only the set-up height at 1 m proved to have maximum efficiency of the pot-in-pot system performance. Keywords— Cooler, Efficiency, Evaporative cooling, Set-up height, Pot-in-pot, Preservation
A Comparative Analysis of Decision Tree and Bayesian Model for Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Ayogu Bosede A , Adetunmbi Adebayo O , Ayogu Ikechukwu I 
Published: June 2020

Denial of Service Attacks (DoS) is a major threat to computer networks. This paper presents two approaches (Decision tree and Bayesian network) to the building of classifiers for DoS attack. Important attributes selection increases the classification accuracy of intrusion detection systems; as decision tree which has the advantage of generating explainable rules was used for the selection of relevant attributes in this research. A C4.5 decision tree dimensional reduction algorithm was used in reducing the 41 attributes of the KDD´99 dataset to 29. Thereafter, a rule based classification system (decision tree) was built as well as Bayesian network classification system for denial of service attack (DoS) based on the selected attributes. The classifiers were evaluated and compared using performance on the test dataset. Experimental results show that Decision Tree is robust and gives the highest percentage of successful classification than Bayesian Network which was found to be sensitive to the discritization techniques. It has been successfully tested that significant attribute selection is important in designing a real world intrusion detection system (IDS). Keywords— Intrusion Detection System, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, and Bayesian Network.
Reliability Analysis of a Solid Timber Column Subjected to Axial and Lateral Loading
Authors: Samuel Sule , Benu M J 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a reliability analysis of a solid timber column of square cross section subjected to axial and lateral loading in accordance with the design requirements of Eurocode 5 is carried out. Compression and bending were the two failure criteria considered in the reliability investigation. The First Order Reliability method was employed to solve the limit state functions formed from the two failure criteria and was coded in MATLAB for quick estimation of the reliability indices. The results obtained showed that both the load and slenderness ratios have effects on the reliability of a solid timber column. The results of the sensitivity analysis carried out on the stochastic variables showed that the reliability indices decreased with increase in slenderness ratio for 3m, 4m and 5m length of column considering both the compression and bending failure modes and decreased with increase in load ratio for 3m, 4m and 5m length of column considering both the compression and bending failure modes. The reliability indices also decreased with increase in length of column mode and decreased with increase in ratio considering bending failure mode. The reliability indices were also found to decrease with increase in load ratio for varying values of axial and lateral loads at constant slenderness ratio and length of column considering compression and bending failure modes. The choice of adequate and suitable dimensions having a lower slenderness ratio will enhance the reliability of the column. Keywords- Reliability analysis, solid timber column, Eurocode 5, failure criteria, slenderness ratio
An Overview of the Design Principles of Drinking Water Chlorination
Authors: Okeke Tochukwu C , Ndububa Olufunmilayo I 
Published: June 2020

The goal of drinking water chlorination is the inactivation of pathogenic organisms in water. It offers the advantage of producing residuals useful for the preservation of water quality in a distribution system. Basic key chlorination concepts include chlorine demand/decay, chlorine residuals, and CT disinfection. The application of these concepts required a good understanding of the hydraulic condition of the system. Important consideration is the determination of initial required chlorine dose. A demonstration model using a public school water supply scheme with an overhead tank is done. This incorporates the kinematic of Contact Time (CT) disinfection, and the application of a demand model for the determination of initial chlorine concentration/dose required. Optimal application of chlorine will prevent incidences of either an over-dose or under-doze which highlight the importance of this study. Keywords— chlorine demand, CT Disinfection, initial chlorine concentration, log removal value, residual concentration.
Assessment of the Effects of Lime and Cement on Geotechnical Properties of Laterites
Authors: Ogundipe Olumide M , Adekanmi Jonathan S 
Published: June 2020

Two different samples of soil tested as A-7-5 and A-7-6 were stabilized respectively with lime and cement. The samples were stabilized with the additives in steps of 2% and subjected to laboratory tests such as consistency limits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) until it reached 10% additives by weight of dry soil sample. The Proctor energy type of compaction and soaked method of CBR was adopted for the research while the compressive strength of the soils were measured in an unconfined state at days 1, 7 and 14 respectively. The plasticity index (PI) of the soil samples increase at 2% additives which later reduces with further increase as the additives contents. The soil samples attained their maximum dry densities at 6% cement and lime respectively, with cement being more effective compared to lime and the water content needed to achieve maximum dry density of the soil were higher in cement than in lime. The CBR values of the soil appreciate with increase in the additives content as indicated in the rise from 1.12% at natural to 7.26% at 6% cement content. The UCS of the lime stabilized soil improved better than that of cement stabilized soil with respect to the age of curing. Keywords- Stabilization, Lime, Cement, Soil, Laterite.
Determination of Crop Coefficient and Water Use of SUWAN-1-SR with a Mini Lysimeter in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oke Adebayo O , Omotosho Olayinka A , Ogedengbe Kolawole 
Published: June 2020

Accurate irrigation planning requires basic information about the soil, environment and the water requirements of the crop to be cultivated. With new variety of a crop comes the physiological characteristics that may be somewhat different from known varieties. Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and Crop Coefficient (Kc) are major factors required in irrigation planning and they vary with crop developmental stages. Four non-weighing Lysimeters (Diameter, 60cm and Depth, 50cm) were used to determine CWR, Kc as well as crop performances under specific conditions. The CWR and Kc of Maize variety (SUWAN-1-SR) were determined across the four developmental stages (Initial, Development, Mid and Late) using the lysimeter system. The CWR were 58.8, 176.8, 206.0, 59.6 mm and Kc were 1.0, 1.6, 1.4, 0.7 for the respective stages. In comparison with FAO 56 maize Kc and CWRvalues, SUWAN-1-SR requires more water across the developmental stages and a sum of 501.2mm for the crop cycle. The average yield was 14.1t/ha, while average Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in the Lysimeter plots was 2.68±0.44 kg/m3 at a planting spacing of 40cm x 40cm, The WUE is high confirming the yielding potential of SUWAN-1-SRif given necessary nutrient inputs, and water requirement met. The developed lysimeter can be used to efficiently determine CWR. Keywords -Lysimeter, Crop Coefficient, Crop Water Requirement, SUWAN-1-SR maize variety
Time-based and latitudinal assessment of contaminated and clean water quality on concrete strength
Authors: Igibah Ehizemhen C , Agashua Lucia , Sadiq Abubakar 
Published: June 2020

With increasing population and demand for infrastructural development in many developing countries, the demand for concrete has been on the increase and does not show any sign of slowing down in the nearest future. Existing concrete structures are also deteriorating and require repair or replacement. In this study, multivariate methods of factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA), were applied to analyze the liquefied samples datasets for clean and contaminated (sewage) water obtained in Ado- Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. FA clearly identified two groups of liquefied samples and indicated that the bacterial parameters are higher in fermented locust beans water which can be likened to presence of bacillus subtilis food type. Hierarchical cluster grouped 40 samples into two which are high and low levels of bacteria contents respectively. Descriptive statistics showed all parameters significantly (conductivity, TDS, BOD, COD, carbondioxide, Calcium, Chlorine, pH, Temperature, salinity) in Cluster A greater than in cluster B. The main self- healing parameter for crack sealing up, because when bacteria commence feeding on calcium lactate once activated, oxygen consumed as the bacteria feeds and insoluble limestone formed by conversion of the soluble calcium lactate is greater for contaminated water against portable water values. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation of presence of bacteria in liquefied samples before used as self-healing. Keywords— Carbondioxide, clean, self-healing concrete, water.
Development of Obstacle and Pit-Detecting Ultrasonic Walking Stick for the Blind
Authors: Yahaya Suleiman A , Jilantikiri Lydia J , Oyinloye Gbenga S , Zaccheus Emmanuel J , Ajiboye Joy O , Akande Kareem A 
Published: June 2020

This project focused on improving mobility for a blind person by creating an obstacle and pit detecting walking stick using ultrasonic sensors. The project comprised of both hardware and software. The hardware consists of ultrasonic sensors, buzzers and a microcontroller, while the software consists of Arduino Integrated Development Environment (Arduino IDE), which was used to program the microcontroller. A Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) casing was used to house the hardware components. The ultrasonic sensor that detects obstacles was programmed to detect obstacles at a distance of 100 cm or below and causes the buzzer to sound so as to alert the blind person. Another ultrasonic sensor was programmed to identify pit at a depression of 18 cm and above. This stick was tested to detect obstacles by 80 different blindfolded individuals within a room with different objects placed at different positions. Results showed that the percentage reduction of collision rate when comparing the developed ultrasonic walking stick to a normal white cane is 90.1%. This shows that the ultrasonic walking stick is reliable for domestic use by a blind person. Keywords— Arduino, ATmega328 Microcontroller, Blind walking stick, Mobility aid, Smart cane, Ultrasonic sensor.
Assessment of Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Supply Chain Activities in Kano State
Authors: Lawan Ibrahim , Muhammad Aliyu I , Sale Nura A , Ahmad Rabi K , Usman Zahraddeen 
Published: June 2020

The study focused on the handling system of orange in Yanlemo Market of Kano State. A field study was conducted with structural questionnaires that targeted the orange supplies, traders and agricultural equipment suppliers/fabricators. Result obtained reveals that the orange handling activity is dominated by male traders. Average of 2 to 5 bags of oranges are usually handled by about 53.3% of the respondents, while 8.3% handle more than 10 bags of the oranges daily. Dan Tivi was found to be the commonest orange variety in the study area. Some other varieties established in the study area are; Dan Nassarawa, Dan Ondo and Dan Delta representing about 8.3, 1.7 and 1.7% of the varieties handled in the study area respectively. The mode of transportation, sorting, and washing was found to be manual with a lot of challenges. The predominant manual handling of the orange established in the study area could be amongst the major reasons for the high losses usually recorded by the traders on a daily basis. Thus, useful suggestions that could be employed by researchers and policymakers to provide improvements in the supply chain activities to prevent such losses are presented. Keywords— Orange, Assessment, Supply Chain, Handling
A Frame Work for Customer Relationship Management in Nigerian Banks Using Data Analytics
Authors: Olaniyan Olatayo M , Ojukwu Emeka , Ogude Cyril 
Published: June 2020

One of the most crucial challenges that Nigeria banks have to face is in the jurisdiction of customers’ satisfaction. Customers’ satisfaction has become one of the most important factors of success in today’s banking industry in Nigeria. Today Nigeria banks customer’s increases every day, as it is essential for many Nigerian to have proper savings with any bank of their choice; if the performance of bank falls short of their expectations, the very survival of such bank would be difficult. In this paper, a framework for customer relationship management for Nigeria banks using big data analytics approach was developed. Qualitative research was used to identify customer satisfaction through customer management system information publish annually. The data were collected from complaint data for financial report 2017 from the Customer Relationship Management System for WEMA Bank Plc. The data were analyzed using excel spread sheet and later converted into CSV and ARFF file format respectively. Data were exported into WEKA for data analytics which then generated results. The formulated hypotheses are subjected to empirical test using Logistic regression and Machine learning. This new strategy provided solution of these problems identified. Keywords: Data Analytics, Linear regression, Banking, Customer Satisfaction
Estimation of the Thermal Diffusivity of Beans Using a Simple Apparatus
Authors: Akinola Akinjide A. , Adeniji Oluwatobi B 
Published: June 2020

A simple apparatus for the determination of the thermal diffusivity of black-eyed beans samples, using the transient heat conduction method is presented. This apparatus is a stainless steel cylindrical tube, containing the sample, placed into a constant temperature water bath. The variation of the temperature at the center of the tube with time is recorded. The thermal diffusivities were determined from the temperature-time relationship data of the sample, and the dimensions of the equipment. The estimated thermal diffusivity values of the samples varied between 4.70 x 10-8 to 6.94 x 10-8 and 5.26 x 10-8 to 7.68 x 10-8 when the temperature in the water bath was 50oC and 60oC, respectively. Also, the thermal diffusivity was higher when the water bath temperature was 60oC rather than 50oC for the sample range of particle sizes studied. As black-eyed beans are a staple food in many parts of West African, they are grown, harvested, and stored. The thermal diffusivity information is useful in determining the behaviour of this Argo-product when stored. Keywords: Beans, Thermal Diffusivity, Transient Heat Conduction Method.
Development of a 3D Zinc-Entrained Activated Charcoal Anode for Air-Breathing Battery
Authors: Okuwa Charles , Aremo Bolaji , Adeoye Mosobalaje 
Published: June 2020

A 3D zinc-entrained activated charcoal anode was developed to address the problem of low output current density in conventional planar-anode air-breathing batteries. The anode was a compacted and sintered mix of activated charcoal (AC), polyethylene (PE) and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC). These serve as matrix, binder and pore-former respectively. Samples were compacted at varying ratios of (AC/PE) : ABC and evaluated for suitability as anode structure using Water absorption, Hydrophobicity and Electrical conductivity tests. They were infused under vacuum with ZnSO4 solutions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M. It was followed by in-situ galvanostatic electroreduction of Zn2+ ion to elemental zinc to achieve zinc entrainment inside the matrix. This was carried out at varying time intervals. The anode was characterized using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The 3D zinc-entrained anode and a planar zinc anode were evaluated and compared in air-breathing battery configuration using polarisation experiments. Optimal composition of the anode was determined to be 25% (AC/PE) and 10% ABC while optimal conditions for zinc entrainment was 0.4 M ZnSO4 and 150 mins electroreduction time. The microstructures reveal that zinc is being preferentially deposited around the rim of pores and on ridge lines. Polarisation studies showed that the 3D zinc-entrained activated charcoal anode exhibited output current density 2.5 times that of conventional planar zinc anode and a slightly higher Open Circuit Voltage of 1.44 V.. Keywords— Air-cathode, battery, electrodeposition, zinc.
Applications of Materials Science and Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry; a Short Review and the Current State in Nigeria
Authors: Umunakwe Reginald , Umunakwe Ifeoma J , Oyetunji Akinlabi 
Published: June 2020

This paper briefly reviews the applications of materials science and engineering in the pharmaceutical industry. The materials characterization techniques highlighted in the paper as being utilized in the pharmaceutical industry are dynamic light scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy, mercury intrusion, gas density pycnometry and energy density analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman microscopy. The other areas of applications of materials science and engineering in the pharmaceutical industry briefly discussed are materials processing, materials research and development, and materials selection. This paper further highlighted that the program as it is currently offered by various institutions in Nigeria is yet to incorporate the courses in pharmaceutical materials. It concluded by pointing out that some institutions outside Nigeria have incorporated pharmaceutical materials in the programs of materials science and engineering. Suggestions were made for the materials science and engineering programs in Nigeria to build further capacity for effective applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords— Applications, materials engineering, pharmaceutical industry
A Review on the Prospect for the Development of Nanostructured and Nanocomposite Aluminium-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Adebayo Abdullahi O , Owa Adebayo F , Ajibola Olawale O , Borisade Sunday , Adigun Oluwole D , Kolawole Funsho O 
Published: June 2020

This review paper has established austempered ductile iron (ADI) as a classical material that has spectra of properties achieved by altering some processing parameters through heat treatment procedures. Concerted efforts have been made to equally explore the use of additives as additional materials to this all important alloy. The use of modifiers at ultra-fine or nano-scale level as additive to the melt prior casting has also been reviewed. However, the continuous quest for innovative approaches of upgrading the structural and mechanical characteristics of ductile irons has open up interest in the development of nanostructured and nanocomposite components in bulky iron bearing materials. This paper cross-examines few available literatures on the nanostructured ADI with the aim of adopting similar methodology in the development of nanostructured aluminium-alloyed DI and nanostructured aluminium-alloyed ADI. Emphasy is laid on reviewing the production techniques and treatment parameters on the processing of the developed nanostructured aluminium-alloyed DI and/or aluminium-alloyed DI nanocomposites and with respect to their usage at low, moderate and extremely high and low temperatures. Keywords— aluminium-alloyed austempered ductile iron; development; nano-tructured; nanocomposite; processing; modifiers