bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Study of Two New Methods for the Determination of Phosphorus in Fruits and Fruit Products
Authors: Estrin Ben , Boland Frederick E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to compare a spectrophotometric molybdovanadate method and the official gravimetric quinoline molybdate fertilizer method 2.025(b), slightly modified, with the official volumetric method 20.032. Six collaborating laboratories analyzed dilute acid solutions of the ash of 5 different kinds of fruit products and an aqueous solution containing only KH2PO4 by each of the 3 methods. Satisfactory agreement between laboratories and good agreement between methods were obtained. From the results of this collaborative study it appears that the quinoline molybdate and the molybdovanadate methods are more accurate and precise than the official volumetric method. It is recommended that both the spectrophotometric molybdovanadate method and the gravimetric quinoline molybdate method for the determination of phosphorus in fruits and fruit products be adopted as official first action.
Note on Paper Chromatographic Detection of Adulteration in Dark Colored Fruit Juices
Authors: Fitelson J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A second collaborative study was carried out on the official first action method for dark colored fruit juices. The method is based mainly on differences in the anthocyanin patterns of adulterated fruit juices when compared with authentic samples. Natural colors used for such adulteration show more complex patterns than those of the dark juices, so that such addition can usually be detected. Anthocyanidin patterns yield much less information than the anthocyanin patterns. Eleven collaborators correctly detected adulteration in a blackberry juice with added invert sugar and elderberry juice, and 10 of them correctly found adulteration in a raspberry juice with added apple juice and grape skin extract. The method is recommended for adoption as official final action.
Note on Gas Chromatographic Determination of Antihistamines Employing a Dual Column Direct Injection System
Authors: Reiss Thomas J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A GLC method is presented for the rapid direct analysis of antihistamines in pharmaceuticals in which the common interfering components are separated by gas chromatography. In previous papers the interferences are first separated by extraction before injection on the column. A dual column system makes it possible to separate each of the antihista mine peaks from each of the 7 most common accompanying component peaks. A simple 1-step extraction procedure is given for the separation of flavoring materials in sirups. Since only 1 or 2 antihistamines are present in any given sample, peak overlapping does not usually present a problem. Deviations from linearity on each column tested were minimal.
Collaborative Study of Procedure for Determining Commercial Sterility of Low-Acid Canned Foods
Authors: Denny C B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nine food laboratories each examined 8 samples of canned salmon (6 sterile; 2 inoculated) in 7 different bacteriological media. Only 3 of the 9 laboratories were 100% correct in all of the tests. Including inoculated cans, a total of 9.1% of the determinations was wrong. A total of 378 culturings of sterile cans was conducted and bacterial contamination occurred in 21 (about 7.1%) of these. An additional collaborative study is indicated.
Detection of Irradiation Treatment in Foods
Authors: Nawar W W , Balboni J J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The major radiolytic hydrocarbons resulting from specific cleavage of fatty acids can be used as indicators of irradiation in foods. Experiments with pork ground meat indicate that these compounds are present in samples irradiated at doses as low as 0.1 megarad but absent in unirradiated or heated samples. The major radiolytic hydrocarbons reflect the severity of the irradiation treatment, since their production increases linearly with dose and temperature of irradiation. The presence of moisture or air during the irradiation treatment does not significantly alter the radiolytic pattern
Colorimetric Determination of the Progestational Steroids in Contraceptive Tablets
Authors: Wu John Y P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, dimethisterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norethynodrel are determined in oral contraceptive tablets. For the first 4 compounds, a chloroform extract of the tablets is treated directly with isonicotinyl hydrazide reagent to produce a stable color which is measured at 380 nm. The chloroform extract of norethynodrel tablets is isomerized before the reagent is added. An intralaboratory study gave good results, with standard deviations of 0.74 to 1.21%. A collaborative study is recommended.
Culture Media for Disinfectant Testing: Collaborative Study
Authors: Wright Eleanore S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenol coefficient tests and use-dilution tests were used to evaluate proposed changes in culture media for disinfectant testing. Collaborative results indicate that Anatone, a commercial peptone, is a satisfactory substitute of peptonum siccum or USP peptic digest of animal tissue currently specified in 5.001 (a)(2). In addition, it is also recommended that the 2 synthetic broth preparations studied be included in 5.001(a)(2).
Some Chemical Characteristics and Biological Effects of Photomodified Aflatoxins
Authors: Lillard D A , Lantin R S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Changes in UV and infrared absorption spectra were demonstrated upon prolonged exposure of solutions of aflatoxins B1 and G1 to long wave UV light. The treated toxins were less toxic to chick embryos and had lower Rf values on thin layer chromatograms than the parent compounds. These modified compounds may lack either the double bond of the furan ring or the furan ring itself may be removed from the coumarin portion of the molecule. Furthermore, the lactone ring of the aflatoxins is not opened upon exposure to UV light and is not the reason for decreased toxicity.
Sugars in Prune Juice by GLC Separation of Trimethylsilylated Derivatives
Authors: Flynn C , Wendt A S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sugars in prune juice are isolated by lead acetate and converted into trimethylsilylated derivatives; these derivatives are analyzed by GLC. Chromatograms of commercial and laboratory-extracted prune juices are illustrated, including authentic and adulterated samples. Results of a collaborative study demonstrate that this method can be used to detect the presence of added sucrose in prune juice, but additional work is needed to establish the limits of naturally occurring sucrose.
Colorimetric Determination of Nifursol in Feeds
Authors: Zietlow David C , Morrison J L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nifursol is extracted from the feed with DMF. Most of the extracted interferences are removed from the DMF solution by chromatographing the sample through an alumina column; the nifursol is then reacted with phenylhydrazine to form the 5-nitrofurfural phenylhydrazone which is extracted into toluene and determined spectrophotometrically at 555 nm immediately after the addition of Hyamine-OH. Two laboratory feeds containing 0.0025 and 0.0075% nifursol gave average recoveries of 104 and 97%, with coefficients of variation of 5.3 and 3.8%, respectively.
Colorimetric Analysis of Norethindrone, Norethindrone Acetate, and Norgestrel in Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Smith Robert V , Hassall Thomas H , Liu Shuing Carol 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method, based on reaction with blue tetrazolium, has been devised for the analysis of norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, and norgestrel. The technique is selective for these progestins, showing no interference from the estrogens ethinyl estradiol and mestranol, commonly found in oral contraceptives. The developed procedures have been successfully applied to the determination of progestins in anovulatory tablets.
Automation of Methods for Meat and Meat Products. II. Determination of Phosphorus
Authors: Mcneal Jon E , Karasz Albert , George Elmer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An automated method for the analysis of phosphorus in meat, to be used simultaneously with the automated nitrogen determination described in Part I, was studied. This method included the proper connection to the nitrogen manifold, construction of a phosphate manifold, and the preparation of standards to give results comparable to those obtained by the AOAC gravimetric quinoline molybdate method. The method was found to be applicable for meats and meat products containing total phosphorus in the range of 0.05 to 0.4%.
Note on the Preparation of Dehydrated Tomato Powder for the Howard Mold Count
Authors: Parran Hamilton M , Eisenberg William V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A study has been initiated to compare 2 methods for the preparation of dehydrated tomato powder for mold count: a hand-mixing procedure and a high-speed blender. The latter method provides for a specified preparation of tomato juice solids of 5.5%. Improved features of this method are that it provides a well dispersed preparation for counting and a more stable suspension. It is recommended that this procedure be studied collaboratively.
Separation of Carotene Stereoisomers in Vegetables
Authors: Sweeney J P , Marsh A C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for separation of provitamin A carotene stereoisomers in vegetables. A column designed to withstand high pressures is packed tightly with a mixture of calcium and magnesium hydroxides. An elution mixture of 1.5%p-methylanisole in petroleum ether is forced through by nitrogen pressure. Resolution of as many as 7 isomers is obtained in less than 1 hr. The principal stereoisomer of all-trans-β-carotene in green vegetables was found to be neo-β-carotene U. In red and yellow vegetables, it was neo-β- carotene B.
Constituents of Olibanum Oil: Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons
Authors: Yates Ronald L , Wenninger John A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of a commercial sample of olibanum oil were isolated and purified by a combination of techniques, including column chromatography, silver nitrate adduction, distillation, and preparative GLC. Most components were identified by their IR spectra. In some cases NMR spectra were used for identification. A total of 27 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified: δ-elemene, α-cubebene, α-ylangene, α-copaene, β-bourbonene, α-gurjunene, β-elemene, transa- α-bergamotene, α-guaiene, β-ylangene, caryophyllene, β-copaene, aromadendrene, thujopsene, allo-aromadendrene, α–+ β-humulene, selina-4,ll-diene, γ-muurolene, α-muurolene,β-selinene, α-selinene, δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, “cubenene”, β-cadinene, calamenene, and α-calacorene. The identification of β-ylangene and β1-cadinene are tentative.
Effects of Various Germicidal Chemicals on H.Ep. 2 Cell Culture and Herpes simplex Virus
Authors: Blackwell J H , Chen J H S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The disinfectant present in most disinfectant-virus mixtures is inherently toxic to cell cultures and thus precludes the observation of viral inactivation at low dilutions of virus. Therefore, a method employing Sephadex was devised which would remove the cytotoxic activity of virus-disinfectant mixtures. These studies show that Sephadex is an acceptable detoxicant for numerous low molecular weight compounds and does not affect the biological activity of Herpes simplex virus. Data are presented on the effect of low molecular weight chemical compounds, i.e., phenol, ethyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and halogens, on H.Ep. 2 cell culture and the macroplaque strain of H. simplex virus.
Microcolumn Chromatographic Cleanup for the Analysis of Pesticides in Water
Authors: Law Leroym M , Goerlitz Donald F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rapid and economical removal of extraneous co-extractives from pesticide residue extracts of water is made possible by the use of microcleanup columns. Three adsorbents–alumina, silica gel, and Florisil–as well as a variety of solvent systems were investigated. The recovery and cleanup of aldrin, chlordene, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-BDT, p,p’-DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobicycloheptadiene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, isodrin, lindane, and methoxychlor were satisfactory, using any of the 3 adsorbents. The phosphorothioate pesticides malathion, methyl parathion, and parathion, however, could not be successfully recovered from Florisil when a modified Mills procedure was attempted. The micro-cleanup columns may also be used to perform a preliminary separation of a number of compounds that are difficult to resolve by GLC.
Quantitative Method for Determination of DDT and DDT Metabolites in Blood Serum
Authors: Dale William E , Miles James W , Gaixes Thomas B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for the extraction and determination of DDT and related materials in blood has been developed. Rats were given a single oral dose of 14C-labeled DDT, and it was demonstrated by parallel gas chromatographic and radiometric measurements that in vivointroduced DDT and related materials could not be removed quantitatively from serum by simple hexane extraction. Pre-treatment of the serum with equal volumes of formic acid released the binding of DDT and DDT metabolites and permitted the extraction of these materials with n-hexane, yielding 95% recovery. When applied to sera of men from the general population and of men who had been exposed to DDT for more than 10 years in a manufacturing plant, this method gave consistently higher results than did the simple hexane extraction method.
Note on Rapid Procedure for Determining Percentage of Fat in Egg Yolk for Application in Pesticide Residue Analyses
Authors: Woods Leon A , Castle William T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of percentage of fat in egg yolk. Egg yolks are digested in hot perchloric-acetic acid mixture in Paley cheese bottles. After digestion the liquefied fat is brought up into the neck of the cheese bottle with hot perchloric-acetic acid mixture containing 0.01% acridine orange dye. The column of fat in the neck of the bottle is measured with dividers under longwave ultraviolet light. The average value found for 124 pheasant eggs collected over a 31/2 month period is 26.7% with a standard deviation of 2.9%. This average value is within the normal variation to be expected in a group of pheasant eggs. The method has been found widely applicable to other avian eggs and other tissues.
Collaborative Study of the Hemoglobin Repletion Test in Chicks and Rats for Measuring Availability of Iron
Authors: Pla Gwendolyn W , Fritz James C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The widespread incidence of iron deficiency anemia caused by insufficient iron intake and poor utilization of dietary iron sources prompted the search for a method which would be a reliable measure of availability. A hemoglobin repletion method has been proposed and studied collaboratively with 8 participating laboratories. The collaborators reported chick or rat data on the availability of supplemental iron from 5 uniform sources. There was very good agreement between collaborators. Expressed as relative biological values, versus ferrous sulfate = 100, the results on the other 4 samples were as follows: Sample 2 = 12±0.9; Sample 3 = 13±7.7; Sample 4 = 46±17.9; and Sample 5 = 3±4.5. Increases in plasma iron in human volunteers, following test doses of these samples, ranked these 5 samples in the same order as did the chick and rat hemoglobin repletion test. It is recommended that the hemoglobin test for measuring availability of iron be adopted as official first action.
Analysis of Allura Red AC Dye (A Potential New Color Additive)
Authors: Marmion Daniel M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Allura Red AC dye is a proposed new color additive. Methods are presented for the analysis of pure dye content, uncombined intermediates, subsidiary dyes, volatile matter, water-insolubles, and metals, and determination of the dye in food products such as ice cream, wieners, and hard candy.
Automated Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Method for Protein Analysis in Forages and Grain
Authors: Gehrke Charles W , Wall Larry L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The automated TNBS method to analyze protein has been modified so that 6N hydrolysates of grain and other samples can be analyzed directly without the time-consuming removal of HCl. A diluted sample of pH 8.5 for color development is achieved by placing 2 water dilution lines in 0.8N NaOH. The wash between samples is 6N HCl. Samples analyzed by the modified method and by the AOAC Kjeldahl method gave comparable results.
Collaborative Study of a Method for Extractable Color in Paprika and Paprika Oleoresin
Authors: Rosebrook D D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of the method for extractable color in paprika and paprika oleoresin was conducted, utilizing the facilities of member laboratories of the American Spice Trade Association. The color in paprika or other capsicum spice is extracted with acetone and the absorbance is measured at 460 nm. The method incorporates a standard color solution as a spectrophotometer check. The average coefficient of variation for all samples studied collaboratively is 6.2%. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Collaborative Study of a Potentiometric Titration Method for Determining the Sodium Chloride Content of Canned Vegeable Products
Authors: Brammell Wallace S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A potentiometric method was compared with the official method, 32.018, for determining the sodium chloride content of canned vegetable products. The proposed method was very easy to use, simple, dependable, accurate, precise, and much faster than the present official method. The collaborative study consisted of 8 processed vegetable samples (canned tomato paste, sweet peas, green beans, yellow corn, sauerkraut, dill pickles, and 2 olive samples) submitted to 9 laboratories. The data from one collaborator were not included in the report because they differed too much from the others. The study indicated good agreement with the official method and very good precision as shown by the low standard deviations. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action. Further study is also recommended.
A Multimycotoxin Detection Method for Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Zearalenone, Sterigmatocystin, and Patulin
Authors: Stoloff Leonard , Nesheim Stanley , Yin Lillian , Rodricks J Y , Stack Michael , Campbell A D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In response to the need for a more comprehensive and simple procedure for multiple mycotoxin detection than had heretofore been deyised, a method has been developed for detection of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxins A and B and their ethyl esters, zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, and patulin. The method is based on selective extraction with acetonitrile-water, defatting with isooctane, and removal of water-soluble components by transfer of the mycotoxins to chloroform. The method has been applied to corn, barley, oats, and wheat. The detection limits achieved are not as low as can be attained with the analytical procedures for the individual mycotoxins, but are low enough to be useful in a screening procedure.
Collaborative Study of a Method for Multiple Chlorinated Pesticide Residues in Fish
Authors: Carr Richard L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative study of a method for chlorinated pesticide residues in fish. Gas chromatography was used for quantitative measurement of the residues. The study consisted of 3 fish samples; 2 were fortified with each pesticide at 2 levels and the third sample contained incurred residues of p,p′-DDE and p,p′-TDE. Average recoveries for both fortified levels were: α-BHC, 92.2±14.9%; heptachlor epoxide, 91.6±8.8%; p,p′-DDE, 87.5±13.5%;p,p′-TDE, 88.6±11.4%; p,p′-DDT, 90.6±9.7%; and dieldrin, 82.2±25.4%. In most instances, residues were confirmed by TLC. The method has been adopted as official first action for determination of residues of these 6 pesticides in fish.
Collaborative Study of the Determination of Dithiocarbamate Residues by a Modified Carbon Disulfide Evolution Method
Authors: Keppel George E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modified method for determination of dithiocarbamate residue recoveries from grain was studied collaboratively. In this method dilute acid with stannous chloride is added to the crop, which is then heated to boiling for the dithiocarbamate decomposition step. A mixture of NaOH solution and benzene is used to trap hydrogen sulfide and other volatile interferences. Collaborative results were low and erratic, with large coefficients of variation. The results of the Associate Referee, on the other hand, were better. Further study on this method is recommended.
Collaborative Study of the Extraction of Light Filth from Whole Wheat-Based Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereals
Authors: Dent Russell G , Brickey Paris M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from wheat-based ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. The method utilizes acid digestion followed by wet sieving and washing with isopropanol, then trapping with a heptane-paraffin oil mixture from a sodium oleate-40% iso propanol solution. A collaborative study resulted in 75% average recoveries of spike elytral squares and rodent hairs from wheat-based cereals. The method, as developed for oat-based cereals, resulted in debris-laden filter papers and therefore was judged ineffective. The method has been adopted as official first action for wheat-based cereals. Further studies are recommended for oat-based cereals.
Automated Colorimetric Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Drug Formulations. II. Collaborative Study
Authors: Margosis Michel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The automated colorimetric method designed by Lane for the analysis of phenylephrine HCl in drug formulations has been submitted to a collaborative study. Five samples, including 2 with known interferences, were sent to 9 collaborators. The results were subjected to statistical evaluation. These show good recovery and a maximum interlaboratory coefficient of variation of 4.5%. The automated method as evaluated in this study has been adopted as official first action.
Collaborative Study and Ion Exchange Method for the Determination of Methyldopa, Chlorothiazide, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Drug Mixtures
Authors: Chu Rod 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the assay of methyldopa with either chlorothiazide or hydrochlorothiazide was studied collaboratively by 8 laboratories. The method involves the use of AG50-4X, 100-200 mesh H+ cation exchange resin to resolve the compounds. The thiazides pass freely through the resin column, while methyldopa is retained and subsequently eluted with 1N methanolic HCl. The components are quantitatively measured by spectrophotometry at 280 (methyldopa), 277 (chlorothiazide), and 270 nm (hydrochlorothiazide). For the methyldopa-chlorothiazide combination, the overall average recovery for methyldopa was 98.5% with a standard deviation of 2.50; and for the methyldopa-hydrochlorothiazide combination, 96.4% with a standard deviation of 2.30. The average recoveries for chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide were 99.6 (standard deviation of 1.14) and 98.8% (standard deviation of 2.92), respectively. The method has been adopted as official first action for the determination of methyldopa and chlorothiazide in combination.