bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-Year Trends in Sleep Duration and Quality: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from a Commercially Available Sleep Tracker
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Affouf Mahmoud , Seixas Azizi , Beaugris Louis , Avirappattu George , Jean-Louis Girardin 
Published: November 2019

Background
Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely primarily on self-reported data. Passive and ubiquitous digital tracking and wearable devices may provide more accurate estimates of sleep duration and quality.

Objective
This study aimed to identify trends in sleep duration and quality in New York City based on 2 million nights of data from users of a popular mobile sleep app.

Methods
We examined sleep duration and quality using 2,161,067 nights of data captured from 2015 to 2018 by Sleep Cycle, a popular sleep-tracking app. In this analysis, we explored differences in sleep parameters based on demographic factors, including age and sex. We used graphical matrix representations of data (heat maps) and geospatial analyses to compare sleep duration (in hours) and sleep quality (based on time in bed, deep sleep time, sleep consistency, and number of times fully awake), considering potential effects of day of the week and seasonality.

Results
Women represented 46.43% (1,003,421/2,161,067) of the sample, and men represented 53.57% (1,157,646/2,161,067) of individuals in the sample. The average age of the sample was 31.0 years (SD 10.6). The mean sleep duration of the total sample was 7.11 hours (SD 1.4). Women slept longer on average (mean 7.27 hours, SD 1.4) than men (mean 7 hours, SD 1.3; P<.001). Trend analysis indicated longer sleep duration and higher sleep quality among older individuals than among younger (P<.001). On average, sleep duration was longer on the weekend nights (mean 7.19 hours, SD 1.5) than on weeknights (mean 7.09 hours, SD 1.3; P<.001).

Conclusions
Our study of data from a commercially available sleep tracker showed that women experienced longer sleep duration and higher sleep quality in nearly every age group than men, and a low proportion of young adults obtained the recommended sleep duration. Future research may compare sleep measures obtained via wearable sleep trackers with validated research-grade measures of sleep.
Procurement and circulation of obsidian in the province of La Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Berón Monica Alejandra , Páez Florencia Natalin , Carrera Aizpitarte Manuel 
Published: November 2019

The goal of this study is to report the progress regarding the procurement and circulation of obsidian by hunter-gatherer populations during the Late Holocene in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. A total of 25 samples were analyzed in two stages; in the first stage neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used, while X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed in the second stage. This work adds nine archaeological samples from new sites and one from the Lihué Calel obsidian source. The results allow us to take into account the sourcing of the obsidian which was found in archeological sites of four areas of study located in the south and east of the province.
Both, the results generated in this new stage, and those previously obtained are integrated and discussed in relation to the information produced by other researchers from the region, which are consistent with the existing ones for La Pampa. They indicate that the obsidian recovered was procured from sources located in the Argentinian and Chilean Andes, as well as the pre-cordillera in the provinces of Neuquén and Mendoza. New data expands the spatial perspective of our interpretations to four new research areas: Curacó basin, Lihué Calel hills, Valles Transversales (Transversal Valleys) and Bajos sin Salida (Endorheic low areas).
TOXICITY AND ANTITRYPANOSOMAN ACTIVITY OF HEMI SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF MITRACARPUS SCABER HARVESTED SOUTH OF BENIN
Authors: Bouraïma BAMBOLA , Alba HOUNGBEME Gouton , Clément GANDONOU Dossa , Fernand GBAGUIDI Ahokannou , Louis FAGBOHOUN , Bienvenu GLINMA 
Published: November 2019

Present work involve study of the toxicity and the antitrypanosomal activity of the hemi syntheses (total of thiosemicarbazones) extracted from the substrates (reagents of thiosemicarbazides) in 1N hydrochloric acid medium from Mitracarpus Scaber harvested in the region of Abomey-calavi. The ethanolic, dichloromethane and hydroethanol extracts (50:50 v/v) yielded the alkaloid extracts with yields of 4.44%, 2.48% and 5.08% respectively leading to three products of hemi-synthesis P1, P2 and P3 whose larval toxicities have respective values LC50: 78.1μg/mL, 95μg/mL, and 48.8 μg/mL whereas the toxicity tests of the alkaloid samples of ethanol, dichloromethane and hydroethanolic E1, E2 and E3 extracted from the evaluation of the same larval toxicity test gave values of 83.41μg/mL 102.51μg/mL and 52.91μg/mL respectively. These results were less toxic than those of semisynthetic products. Acute and sub-acute toxicity in non-pregnant NMRI female mice after oral gavage of P2 product has been shown to be non-toxic. The antitrypanosomal test was carried out according to the Alamar blue method, it revealed that P1 moderately inhibits trypanosome parasites (IC50=18.06 μg/mL) as well as P2 and P3 with a respective IC50 of 17.24 μg/mL and 20, 68 μg/mL while the alkaloid totals had lower antitrypanosomal activity than the hemi-synthesis products.
Peer Review History:
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel
Affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
E-mail: gehankandeel9@yahoo.com

Name: Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali
Affiliation: Modern University for technology and information, Egypt
E-mail: dr.moda88@gmail.com
Comments of reviewer(s):
Effects of Finishing and Polishing Methods on the Surface Roughness and Surface Free Energy of Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Ishii R , Takamizawa T , Tsujimoto A , Suzuki S , Imai A , Barkmeier WW , Latta MA , Miyazaki M 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of finishing and polishing methods on surface properties of bulk-fill resin composites through surface roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE) measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Three bulk-fill resin composites, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB), Filtek Bulk Fill (FB), and Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FF), and two conventional resin composites, Clearfil AP-X (AP) and Estelite ∑ Quick (EQ) were used. Seventy cured specimens of each resin composite were prepared and divided into seven groups of 10 specimens. Ra, SFE measurements, and SEM observations were conducted after finishing and polishing procedures. Three groups of specimens were finished with a fine grit diamond bur (FDB), and three with a tungsten carbide bur (CBB). After finishing, one group from each type of finishing was polished with aluminum oxide flexible disks (SSD) and one group from each type of finishing was polished with diamond particles embedded in a silicone point (CMP). A baseline group of samples that were neither finished nor polished after removing the translucent strips from the surface was examined. Although the baseline group showed significantly lower Ra values than the other groups, most resin composites showed lower Ra values with CBB+SSD than with the other finishing and polishing groups. Among the tested resin composites, EQ showed significantly lower Ra values than the other resin composites, regardless of the finishing and polishing methods. On the other hand, AP showed significantly higher Ra values than the other resin composites in all finishing and polishing groups, apart from FB with FDB. For the finished specimens, most resin composites showed higher SFE values with CBB than with FDB. For the polished specimens, all the tested resin composites with CMP showed lower γS values than those with SSD, regardless of the finishing method. The baseline groups of TB and FB showed significantly lower SFE values than the other finished and polished groups. In the SEM observations, all the examined resin composites showed rougher surfaces after finishing with FDB than with CBB. However, when comparing the different polishing methods (CMP and SSD), surface smoothness appeared to be material dependent.
Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Whitening Dentifrices Compared With Other Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Devila A , Lasta R , Zanella L , Agnol MA Dall , Rodrigues-Junior SA 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYWhitening dentifrices (WDs) are widespread and accessible worldwide, claiming to whiten teeth. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the extrinsic stain removal (ESR), the whitening potential, and the adverse effects of WDs. Randomized controlled trials comparing WDs with regular dentifrices (RDs) and other home-based whitening products were searched at NCBI-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL, EBSCO-Host, and clinicaltrials.gov. The studies were screened and had data extracted by two independent researchers. Eligible studies presented outcomes of ESR, color change, and adverse effects, with no restriction of publication date. Data were meta-analyzed using RevMan 5.3, and the level of evidence was rated according to GRADE criteria. Eleven studies (n=1962) assessed reduction of stain area and intensity through Lobene Stain index, with a mean difference (MD) of −0.33 ([−0.41;−0.25]; p=0.00001) and −0.34 ([−0.44;−0.25]; p=0.00001), respectively. When the modified Lobene Stain index was used (six studies; n=2576), MD was −0.42 ([−0.58;−0.25]; p=0.00001) and −0.30 ([−0.39;−0.21]; p=0.00001), respectively. Mean color change through shade guide tabs (three studies; n=1322) was −1.80 ([−2.33;−1.26]; p=0.00001). All differences were in favor of the WDs, which also produced a risk of adverse effects (RR=1.74; [1.20, 2.52]; p=0.003; four studies; n=1322). The comparison of WDs with paint-on gel (two studies; n=58) yielded similar efficacy and adverse effects (p&gt;0.05), whereas the comparison of WDs with white strips (two studies; n=87) yielded higher efficacy of the latter (p=0.00001) and similar adverse effects (p=0.52). The quality of evidence varied from low to moderate. WDs are more effective in reducing extrinsic stain and producing a whitening-like effect in teeth than RDs, although they also produce more adverse effects. Whitening efficacy of WDs is similar to paint-on gel and lower than white strips. Higher-quality evidence demands larger, well-conducted, independent studies.
Influence of CAD/CAM Fabrication and Sintering Procedures on the Fracture Load of Full-Contour Monolithic Zirconia Crowns as a Function of Material Thickness
Authors: Zimmermann M , Ender A , Mehl A 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Objective:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication and sintering procedures on the fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns with different material thicknesses adhesively seated to methacrylate dies fabricated with stereolithography technology.

Method:
Monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated from inCoris TZI C material with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC MCXL) comprising three material thicknesses (0.5/1.0/1.5 mm, n=8 each). Two CAD/CAM fabrication procedures (milling, MI; grinding, GR), two chairside sintering procedures (superspeed, SS; speedfire sintering, SF), and one labside sintering procedure (classic, CL) were evaluated. In total, 144 crowns were fabricated. Restorations were adhesively seated to methacrylate dies fabricated with SLA technology. Thermomechanical cycling (TCML) was performed before fracture testing. Loading forces until fracture were registered and statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Scheffé test, and three-way ANOVA (α=0.05).

Results:
Test groups showed statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05). The highest mean value was found for 1.5-mm crowns of group GR_SF with 3678.6 ± 363.9 N. The lowest mean value was found for group 0.5-mm crowns of group MI_SF with 382.4 ± 30.7 N. There was a significant three-way interaction effect between thickness, sintering, and processing [F(4,126)=9.542; p&lt;0.001; three-way ANOVA, significance level α=0.05].

Conclusions:
CAD/CAM fabrication and sintering procedures influence the maximum loading force of monolithic zirconia crowns with different material thicknesses. A material thickness of 0.5 mm should be considered as a critical thickness for monolithic zirconia crown restorations.
Estudio diagnóstico sobre hábitos relacionados con estilos de vida saludable en alumnos de una escuela primaria
Authors: Unzueta Vargas Denisse Alejandra , Fernández Escárzaga Jaime , Martínez Martínez Patricia Lorena 
Published: November 2019

La promoción de estilos de vida saludable ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años debido a los altos índices de sobrepeso y obesidad que presentan los niños en edad escolar en México. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos después de más de 10 años de implementar diferentes estrategias indican que los esfuerzos no han generado el impacto esperado. Por esto, la atención se ha colocado en las escuelas, en tanto que estas deberían de ser comunidades de promoción social: espacios donde se adopten modelos inclusivos que promuevan acciones e implementen políticas a fin de proporcionar a los alumnos herramientas y recursos personales para superar las barreras que limitan el desarrollo integral, como pueden ser las condiciones de salud, higiene y hábitos poco saludables influenciados por el contexto sociocultural.
El objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar un diagnóstico que revelara cuáles son las prácticas inclusivas que se realizan en un entorno escolar en relación con los estilos de vida saludable. Se llevó a cabo en una escuela de educación primaria de la periferia de la ciudad de Durango, Durango, México; y se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo de investigación de tipo observacional fenomenológico. Los resultados encontrados indican que los alumnos están en situación de exclusión y vulnerabilidad debido a las condiciones socioculturales de precariedad que tienen que enfrentar, por lo que resulta importante dar atención a la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones de salud, higiene y hábitos de estilo de vida saludable de los alumnos para que se den las condiciones para lograr conseguir un bienestar capaz de conducir al desarrollo de su potencial humano. El diagnóstico que aquí se presenta generó los elementos necesarios para desarrollar un proceso de intervención fundamentado en la psicología educativa con un modelo de investigación-acción, del cual aún no se pueden reportar resultados debido a que está todavía en período de intervención.
Analytical Review of Application of Problem Tree Analysis As a Project Design Tool For Enhancing Performance of Community Based in Kenya
Authors: Walubengo Wasike Wilbefrorce , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge , Mulwa Angeline Sabina 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish how application of problem tree analysis influences performance of community based projects in Kenya. The study was employed descriptive research design. A sample of 128 was obtained from a target population of 192 respondents through stratified random sampling procedure from different community based organizations. Data were collected by a questionnaire and an interview guide. Qualitative data was analyzed through checking data, developing codes, identifying themes and patterns. Data was summarized then linked to the objectives and hypotheses. Quantitative data was analyzed where both descriptive and inferential statistics was generated. Descriptive results were presented as frequency tables, percentages, arithmetic means and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment correlation (r) from simple regression and multiple regression analysis. F-test was used to test the hypotheses. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before analysis. In this study; R2=0.214; F (8.971) at p=0.000<0.05; therefore, H0 was rejected and it was concluded that the application of project tree analysis has statistically significant influence on the performance of community based projects. In conclusion, the most dominant indicator was project problem identified, followed by project root causes and project effects. The application of project tree analysis had a statistically significant influence on the performance of community based projects. The findings add to Project Management Body of Knowledge by empirically proving that the application of project tree analysis had statistically significant influence on the performance of community based projects.
A case of pustular psoriasis in a young boy.
Authors: Kuppusamy Meera , Taib Tarita 
Published: November 2019

A case of pustular psoriasis in a young boy.AbstractMeera K, MD (IMU),MRCP (UK), T. Taib, MD, MMed, Advn.MDerm. We report on a 13-year-old boy who presented with erythroderma secondary to generalised pustular psoriasis. He presented with generalised erythematous skin with patchy areas of pustules for one week duration. He was well until one month prior when he started having small scaly plaques on his scalp and extensors of his legs. During the acute episode, he also had joint pain and bilateral eye conjunctivitis. Skin biopsy confirmed pustular psoriasis. He developed leucocytosis and transaminitis during the acute phase of the pustular eruption while on azathioprine and therefore was withheld. Subsequently, treatment with oral cyclosporine induced remission for his skin and joint disease.Conclusion The case is hereby reported because of its rarity in its presentation and clinical features. Oral cyclosporine should be considered in patients with generalised pustular psoriasis complicated with transaminitis. Word count : 133
Iatrogenic Lingual Neuralgia Following Laryngoscopy
Authors: Ab Rani Aziah , Nadarajah Sanjeevan 
Published: November 2019

Tongue pain attributed to lingual neuralgia has been reported following dental and oral surgical procedures. Lingual nerve insult through traction and compression during laryngoscopic examination has been proposed as possible etiology for lingual nerve neuralgia. We report a case of tongue ischemia during laryngoscopic procedure which resulted in lingual neuralgia. We recommend that intermittent release of pressure by relaxing the instrument or gag and monitoring the perfusion state of the tongue will reduce the risk of this lingual neuralgia.
KEYWORDS: Lingual neuralgia, Laryngoscopy, Tongue ischaemia
Enforcement of Foreign Judgment in E-Commerce Consumer Contracts In Malaysia: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Sarwar Khan Shazanah , JAYABALAN SHEELA 
Published: November 2019

Electronic commerce or e-commerce is gaining momentum in Malaysia. Consumers are finding transacting online to be a convenient method especially to buy goods and services. As online transactions involve transborder commerce, disputes are inevitable. As such the question of conflict of laws arises, one of which involves enforcement of foreign judgement. Even though there is a law regulating enforcement of foreign judgement in Malaysia, however it does not take into consideration consumer protection. Adapting doctrinal research, this article discusses issues and challenges arising in the enforcement of foreign judgement in e-commerce consumer contracts in Malaysia.
Keywords: Enforcement of Foreign Judgement, Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgement Act 1958, Brussels I Regulation, E-Commerce Consumer Contract
Ethnic Identity in English Language Textbooks: Considerations for a Multicultural Society
Authors: Suppiah Puspalata C A/P , Nair Ramesh 
Published: November 2019

There is evidence to suggest that young children more readily absorb the subtle messages that are encoded in any type of text and talk, and what they take away from these texts contributes in helping them develop their own identity in relation to their role in society. In this paper, we examine the construction of ethnic identity in a selection of English language textbooks targeted at young Malaysian children in primary schools. Based on a content analysis of visual and verbal language in two Primary Three English language textbooks, we report on the encoded messages that are transmitted to young Malaysian children about their place in society. The findings reveal significant imbalances in the way characters of different ethnic backgrounds are represented. This imbalance is a cause for concern as the message conveyed to young Malaysian children could be potentially damaging.
Keywords: textbook, ethnicity, identity construction
The Effect of Acetone Dilution towards the Surface Topography and Morphology of Micro Bearing Concept for Epoxy Filled UHMWPE Composite
Authors: Ariffin Ahmad Aizuddin , Nik Ibrahim Nik Noor Idayu , Shuib Solehuddin , Romli Ahmad Zafir , Ismail Nur Faiqa 
Published: November 2019

Surface topography and morphological behaviours are the important aspects in the application of surface bearing as it deals with the contact area of objects upon motion. Improved surface bearing will be set as an indicator for tribology behaviour to reduce the possibility of wear rate and reduce the friction of objects, respectively. Thus, in this study, the fundamental of micro bearing concept was imparted as the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), which is a low density filler, will float onto the surface of the composite system to become a solid lubricant upon curing. UHMWPE filler, which is commonly known for its dominant properties of high tendency to resist wear and has low coefficient of friction were fabricated alongside epoxy resin in the composite system to achieve the desired strength and durability to perform over time. However, there are limitations of UHMWPE during processing upon the dispersion of the fillers with the matrix particles due to epoxy resin that has relatively high in viscosity. Therefore, acetone has been selected as a diluent with ratio of 1:1/4, 1:1/3, 1:1/2, 1:1 to dilute the high viscosity epoxy resin. The surface profile measurement were examined using Alicona Infinite Focus and Polarized Optical Microscope. Based on the results observed, EpUPE3 (epoxy and UHMWPE with acetone ratio of 1:1/2) showed better surface distribution and morphology with relatively low value of surface roughness (Ra) which is 1.41 µm and low pseuodocolour value of surface height which is around 6.76-6.77 cm compared to other formulation ratio. In near future, these surface topography and morphological analysis are important to relate with tribological, physical and mechanical properties of the micro bearing layers for bearing applications, specifically.