bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study on social entrepreneurship in Egypt
Authors: Fakoussa Rebecca , O'Leary Simon , Salem Suzan 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to add to the existing wealth of knowledge on the benefits and challenges of social entrepreneurship in Egypt, a challenging emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach
The research combines secondary and primary research with the latter including interviews across the public, private and social entrepreneurship sectors, together with surveys to gather Egyptian and international perspectives.

Findings
The study addresses several political, cultural and economic themes that significantly influence the emergence and growth of social entrepreneurship organisations in Egypt.

Research limitations/implications
Egypt is undergoing significant change at present; hence, this research provides a snapshot of what may be considered a very dynamic environment.

Practical implications
Recommendations are made that have practical implications for each of the public, private, development and non-profit sectors in Egypt. It is suggested that the public sector ought to unite its efforts under one umbrella organisation, the private sector could benefit from growing social awareness across the region, while development groups should continue to focus on education generally. Non-profit entities can seek to collaborate with others, and all organisations can make better use of developing global communications technology.

Social implications
A base of social entrepreneurship is already established in Egypt, but this research suggests that further encouragement of these initiatives could help develop the economy and foster a more socially aware culture and political landscape.

Originality/value
Social entrepreneurship in Egypt continues to evolve, and this research identifies a number of economic, cultural and political perspectives that, if addressed, could help accelerate progress.
The effect of managerial overconfidence on the conditional conservatism and real earnings management
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Lari DashtBayaz Mahmoud , Hassanpour Somayeh , Tarighi Hossein 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of managerial overconfidence on conditional conservatism and real earnings management among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors used the model of Ball and Shivakumar (2006) for measuring the effect of moderating overconfident management on conditional conservatism in accounting; moreover, the model of Roychowdhury (2006) is used for evaluating the relationship between managerial overconfidence and real earnings management. The study population consists of 1,144 observations and 143 firms listed on TSE over an eight-year period between 2008 and 2015. The statistical model used in this paper is a multivariate regression model; besides, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses is panel data.

Findings
Consistent with the expectations, the results showed that there is a negative relationship between managerial overconfidence and conditional conservatism. Furthermore, the findings suggest that managerial overconfidence is negatively connected with real earnings management. This implies that when Iranian managers have many financial problems, they do not engage in real earnings management, as the real earnings management does not increase the value of the companies in the long run and even it cause damage to them.

Originality/value
This is one of the most important research that simultaneously surveys the impact of managerial overconfidence on conditional conservatism and real earnings management in a developing market called Iran. What really sets this study apart from other papers is that most Iranian firms between 2008 and 2015 because of economic sanctions faced severe financial problems. From this perspective, this study contributes to the research literature by expanding the knowledge of conservatism in the emerging economies.
Bringing more value to small farmers: a study of potato farmers in Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Syed Zahoor , Jajja Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq , Asif Muhammad , Foster George 
Published: January 2020

PurposeSmall farmers, being the primary producers of crops, are the key players in the food supply chain. Yet, they remain the most marginalized in the value chain. The marginalization of small farmers can affect food sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for bringing more value to small farmers in an agricultural value chain.Design/methodology/approachThis paper makes use of action research, studying the potato value chain, in a developing agricultural country Pakistan. The authors conducted an in-depth study of 37 farmers in four regions, each being a large potato growing ecosystem. The study examined the end-to-end decision-making processes, sources of input (both physical and information), cultivation and sales practices, cost structure, productivity and profitability of the farmers in potato farming.FindingsLarge variations exist in the crop yield, cost structure and profitability of farmers within each of and among the four regions due to differences in cultivation practices and approach to sales. There is a significant potential to lower costs, increase yield and enhance overall profitability by using the existing better processes. By addressing the issues faced by small farmers their profits can be potentially doubled. The paper also discusses potential means of recrafting and streamlining the value chain to bring more value to small farmers.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a detailed account of how different interventions can increase the value for small farmers. Since the current food supply chain and sustainability are under stress, worldwide, the findings of this study have implications for farmers as well as policy makers.Originality/valueThe literature on streamlining the agricultural value chain and enhancing the share of small farmers is scarce. Improving the value chain and reducing the marginalization of small farmers is an essential step toward increasing food sustainability.
The Australian carbon tax: corporate perceptions, responses and motivations
Authors: Kumarasiri Jayanthi , Lodhia Sumit 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore how large Australian companies in emission intensive industries perceived the introduction of the Carbon Tax as an approach to carbon emissions regulation and as a tool for accountability. It also investigates the influence of perceptions of the new tax on the internal carbon emissions management practices and the motivations for such actions.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on transaction cost theory and legitimacy theory to address corporate perceptions, responses and motivations in relation to the Carbon Tax. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 senior managers directly responsible for the carbon emissions management of their companies.FindingsThe study found that the Carbon Tax, viewed by the high-emitting companies as a heavy financial burden, had a significant influence on moderating organisational legitimacy seeking behaviours. It is evident that the transaction cost issues in the form of the carbon pricing requirement has led to a change of focus to “management” rather than merely reporting to external stakeholders. This influenced companies to change their behaviour with the potential to internalise previous externalities of carbon pollution.Research limitations/implicationsThis research highlights that a pricing signal in emissions regulations is essential in conjunction with external pressures to effectively stimulate emissions management actions in companies. It extends our understanding of legitimacy theory by suggesting that a mandatory pricing mechanism as explained by transaction cost economics has the potential to lead to actual changes in corporate behaviour through a focus on management rather than reporting.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the important elements of any effective emissions policy designed to encourage strong emissions management actions from companies. Based on the findings of the study, it is evident that the Carbon Tax was a very effective mechanism in driving emission management actions, despite the general perception that any deficiencies associated with such a price mechanism could have a negative effect on the economy.Social implicationsClimate change is a critical issue for the modern society and this study discussed a short-lived policy tool in the Australian context that had the potential to change corporate behaviour in relation to carbon management.Originality/valueThis study is among the very few studies that have examined the influence of the Carbon Tax on internal emissions management practices of companies, and therefore, provides a unique dataset of corporate responses to the Carbon Tax. Given the short time frame that the Carbon Tax was in operation, the study enhances our understanding of the influence the Carbon Tax had on companies responsible for high greenhouse gas emissions.
Expectancies and motivational goals of self-initiated expatriates as predictors of subjective assignment achievements and success
Authors: Pinto Luisa Helena , Cabral-Cardoso Carlos , Werther Jr. William B. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Under the framework of the achievement goal and expectancy-value theories, this study aims to examine which motivational goals lead people to self-initiate an international assignment and predict subjective assignment achievements.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from a convenience sample of 141 self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) from multiple locations. The first set of analyses tested the hypothesis that demographics and expectancies of competence in living and working abroad discriminate the individuals who initiate an international assignment for learning goals from the ones who value performance goals. The second set of analyses tested the hypothesis that individual expectancies and goals predict specific subjective assignment achievements and overall success.

Findings
The results show that SIEs who had greater confidence in their ability to live and work abroad were also more likely to move to pursuit performance goals. They also reported greater host adjustment and superior professional accomplishments, but not higher family achievements or success.

Originality/value
In contrast to the dominant descriptive approach to the study of SIEs, this study underpins the adequacy and potential of a motivational approach in predicting SIEs’ behaviors and outcomes. The theoretical and managerial implications for international business and cross-cultural management are further discussed.
CEO discretion, political connection and real earnings management in Nigeria
Authors: Sani Armaya'u Alhaji , Abdul Latif Rohaida , Al-Dhamari Redhwan Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of CEO discretion on the real earnings management and to explore whether the discretion of the CEO to ensure accurate and reliable financial reports is influenced by the political connection of board members.Design/methodology/approachUsing the generalized method of movement to control the potential endogeneity on the sample of listed companies in Nigeria, the study conducted several checks using Driscoll–Kraay panel data regression with standard error to robust the main findings.FindingsThe paper provides evidence that CEO Discretion reduces the tendency of real earnings management and improve the reporting quality. However, the CEO’s discretion to provide reliable financial reports and to reduce the likely earnings manipulation is overturn by the presence of politically connected directors.Originality/valueExisting studies on CEO attributes and earnings management in Nigeria fail to explain why CEOs were involved in corporate financial scandals. This paper suggests that the presence of politically connected directors is what override and upturn the CEO discretion to dwell into real earnings manipulations. Prior studies measured political connection using a dummy variable (Chaney et al., 2011; Osazuwaet al., 2016; Tee, 2018), this paper measured political connection using the proportion of politically connected directors. This is on the idea that the presence of more politically connected directors may give them the power to override the CEOs decision.
Micro-CT for analysis of laser sintered micro-composites
Authors: Wingham James Robert , Turner Robert , Shepherd Joanna , Majewski Candice 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
X-Ray-computed micro-tomography (micro-CT) is relatively well established in additive manufacturing as a method to determine the porosity and geometry of printed parts and, in some cases, the presence of inclusions or contamination. This paper aims to demonstrate that micro-CT can also be used to quantitatively analyse the homogeneity of micro-composite parts, in this case created using laser sintering (LS).

Design/methodology/approach
LS specimens were manufactured in polyamide 12 with and without incorporation of a silver phosphate glass additive in different sizes. The specimens were scanned using micro-CT to characterise both their porosity and the homogeneity of dispersion of the additive throughout the volume.

Findings
This work showed that it was possible to use micro-CT to determine information related to both porosity and additive dispersion from the same scan. Analysis of the pores revealed the overall porosity of the printed parts, with linear elastic fracture mechanics used to identify any pores likely to lead to premature failure of the parts. Analysis of the additive was found to be possible above a certain size of particle, with the size distribution used to identify any agglomeration of the silver phosphate glass. The particle positions were also used to determine the complete spatial randomness of the additive as a quantitative measure of the dispersion.

Practical implications
This shows that micro-CT is an effective method of identifying both porosity and additive agglomeration within printed parts, meaning it can be used for quality control of micro-composites and to validate the homogeneity of the polymer/additive mixture prior to printing.

Originality/value
This is believed to be the first instance of micro-CT being used to identify and analyse the distribution of an additive within a laser sintered part.
Long non‐coding RNA LEF1‐AS1 is involved in the progression of retinoblastoma through regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: He Hua , Qin Mu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1‐AS1) has been suggested to function as a tumour‐associated lncRNA in several types of human cancers, but there is no study to date about the role of LEF1‐AS1 in retinoblastoma. In our study, LEF1‐AS1 expression was increased in retinoblastoma tissues and cell lines compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, respectively. Meanwhile, we found that patients with retinoblastoma with IIRC D‐E or undifferentiated type had notably higher levels of LEF1‐AS1 expression than those with IIRC A‐C or differentiated type. High LEF1‐AS1 expression predicted poor disease‐free survival in patients with retinoblastoma. The in vitro assays suggested that silencing of LEF1‐AS1 suppressed retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. In conclusion, LEF1‐AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA in retinoblastoma.
Debris: Intermingling Ethnography with Design and Artistic Practice
Authors: LOI DARIA , McGEACHY HEATHER 
Published: January 2020

This Gallery proposal focuses on the debris left behind by human's daily interactions with non‐human agents, with the end goal of providing arts‐infused lenses to investigate and help untangle our complex relationships with smart systems. Debris is the outcome of a process that intermingles ethnographic tactics with design probing techniques and artistic practice. The Debris – a series of art pieces resulting from this process – are offered to the EPIC 2019 community alongside artefacts that were used to inform art pieces: ethnographic data collected during the interviews, probing toolkit used to augment interview data, and the thought process of the two involved ethnographers/designers/artists, in the form of notes and sketches.This collection of art pieces, objects, visual commentaries, humans‐about‐machines accounts represent the fragments that are left behind by human interactions with smart agents ‐ we offer them to prompt reflections, re‐connections, and re‐discoveries of human‐non‐human hybrid landscapes.
Interactive Storytelling: Bringing Personas to Life through an AR/VR Experience
Authors: LASATER‐WILLE AMY , FINCH ALAN 
Published: January 2020

Personas are an effective way to bring customers to life, enabling business owners and designers to have a better understanding of their audiences' needs, values and behaviors in detail. Personas help with building and improving product and brand experiences.There is a diverse set of tools and methods to create personas, and while most are successful in creating detailed stories, they're mostly limited in terms of creating an immersive experience or building a deeper level of empathy.Our AR/VR Persona Experience is a unique, dynamic persona engagement tool that uses best‐in class interactive storytelling methods and enables audiences to better visualize and connect with their personas' emotions, habits and aspirations. Based on in‐depth, on‐site interviews, the AR/VR experience creates an ethnographic experience for the audience in the sense that they are able to deeply acquaint themselves with people and the worlds in which they live, ultimately creating greater understanding and empathy.
hi how r u?: Understanding Modern Digital Communication
Authors: RYAN ERIN 
Published: January 2020

In the absence of physical cues like tone of voice and facial expressions, young people are increasingly using digital communication tools in unexpected or unintended ways to allow for more nuanced online communication. This can involve using punctuation in new ways, spelling words differently, using uppercase and lowercase letters in non‐ traditional places, and using images, letters, and emojis to create hybrid or intertextual images and emoticons that convey a hyper‐specific emotion. This is a new form of digital placemaking that merits its own scrutiny as more and more our digital relationships and interactions hold a weight that rivals our physical ones.Through a series of workshops, this project explores how digital communication has evolved within the constraints of modern‐day messaging platforms, and how it can be furthered without them. These research methods could be used not only to understand and better document the ways in which these tools for digital communication are being used across different demographics, but also as a participatory method to understand how users think and feel in a more visual way. Furthermore, the analog method of collaging digital elements used in these workshops could be adapted to be used with a different set of “tools” to test specific digital design elements to better understand how they might be used and misused by their audience.
Where Does Cancer Live Now?
Authors: McAULIFFE JACOB , PARK REBEKAH 
Published: January 2020

This gallery is a photographic representation of six ethnographic encounters from a 2018 study of people living with Stage‐IV lung cancer. Our photographs capture their lives beyond the hectic whirl of machines, medications, and medical workers, instead bringing radically ordinary expressions of agency into focus. For our subjects, the paradoxical condition of living with a terminal disease prompts a deep and ongoing reflection on the routines of everyday life. These become symbols of loss and reclamation of agency: while ruptures in routines can reveal the limitations imposed by cancer treatment, for others daily activities come to signify cancer kept in check. These photographs and narratives bear witness to those meaningful mundanities by depicting artifacts of past lives and evidence of new normals. Our aim is to show the role that rich, sensorial photography can play in presenting visual evidence for what matters most to the patient throughout treatment.Our photographs also demonstrate the limits imposed on photography by GDPr‐regulated healthcare projects, where we must endeavor to capture the lives of people without showing their faces. We found that the very regulatory constraints that threatened to dehumanize our subjects also allowed us to bring their lives into fuller context. Instead of abandoning photography, we depicted the objects, relationships, and places that were most significant to those we met with. These totemic depictions illustrated their relationship with cancer, as well as their shifting evaluations concerning quality of life throughout their cancer journey.
Out to Dry: Change and Agency across Urban China
Authors: HYMAN ZACH 
Published: January 2020

This PechaKucha will take the audience on an intimate, visual exploration of the evolving ways that clothing is dried outside across urban China as drying practices are forced to adapt to limitations by evolving regulation and perceptions of urban modernity. Increasingly, engaging in this social practice requires an act of agency against both municipal governments and one's own neighbors in China.While drying one's laundered clothing outdoors remains a standard part of rural life, both the legal and physical space for this practice has shrunk during China's massive urbanization. This practice is being replaced by bureaucrats' desire to stimulate domestic consumption (of appliances, in this case) and their desire to erase from cities what is considered a visual embarrassment of laundry hanging out of windows and between buildings.Today when something in urban China needs drying outside of one's privately owned space, one must assert agency over a slice of public space: A comforter is draped over a chair in a quiet, sunny corner of an apartment courtyard, or towels and sheets are thrown over a rope running between a signpost, a stop sign, and an electrical pole. While the scales and dried objects vary, the declaration of agency remains.
Nutritional quality of Drosophila melanogaster as factitious prey for rearing the predatory bug Orius majusculus
Authors: Montoro Marta , De Fine Licht Henrik H. , Sigsgaard Lene 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe predatory bug, Orius majusculus (Reuter), is an important predator of thrips commercially produced for augmentative releases using the eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). In this study, we assessed the potential for using frozen adults of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen), either as nymphal rearing diet or as diet throughout the entire life‐cycle. We compared life‐history traits and reproduction of predators when fed D. melanogaster with high lipid body content (lipid‐rich) and with high protein body content (protein‐rich), using a diet of 100% E. kuehniella eggs as control. We also analyzed the biochemical composition of both prey and predator in order to assess the nutritional quality of each diet, which partially explained the adequacy of the different diets for O. majusculus. There were significant differences between predators fed the two types of D. melanogaster, with the protein‐rich flies as diet providing the best results in terms of mortality and fecundity. Furthermore, we show that while feeding O. majusculus throughout their development with D. melanogaster increases mortality and reduces reproduction, protein‐rich D. melanogaster can be used as nymphal diet with minimal reduction in reproductivity and minimal increase in mortality.