bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The baryonic Tully–Fisher relation in the simba simulation
Authors: Glowacki M , Elson E , Davé R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the Baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR) in the $(100\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$simba hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation together with a higher resolution $(25\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$simba run, for over 10 000 disc-dominated, H i-rich galaxies. We generate simulated galaxy rotation curves from the mass distribution, which we show yields similar results to using the gas rotational velocities. From this, we measure the galaxy rotation velocity Vcirc using four metrics: $V_{\rm max}, V_{\rm flat}, V_{2R_e},$ and Vpolyex. We compare the predicted BTFR to the SPARC observational sample and find broad agreement. In detail, however, simba is biased towards higher Vcirc by up to 0.1 dex. We find evidence for the flattening of the BTFR in Vcirc &gt; 300  km s−1 galaxies, in agreement with recent observational findings. simba’s rotation curves are more peaked for lower mass galaxies, in contrast with observations, suggesting overly bulge-dominated dwarf galaxies in our sample. We investigate for residuals around the BTFR versus H i mass, stellar mass, gas fraction, and specific star formation rate, which provide testable predictions for upcoming BTFR surveys. simba’s BTFR shows sub-optimal resolution mass convergence, with the higher resolution run lowering V in better agreement with data.
A thousand days after the merger: Continued X-ray emission from GW170817
Authors: Troja E , van Eerten H , Zhang B , Ryan G , Piro L , Ricci R , O’Connor B , Wieringa M H , Cenko S B , Sakamoto T 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent observations with the Chandra X-ray telescope continue to detect X-ray emission from the transient GW170817. In a total exposure of 96.6 ks, performed between 2020 March 9 and 16 (935–942 d after the merger), a total of 8 photons are measured at the source position, corresponding to a significance of ≈5σ. Radio monitoring with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) shows instead that the source has faded below our detection threshold (&lt;33 $\mu$Jy, 3σ). By assuming a constant spectral index of β = 0.585, we derive an unabsorbed X-ray flux of ≈1.4 × 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1, higher than earlier predictions, yet still consistent with a simple structured jet model. We discuss possible scenarios that could account for prolonged emission in X-rays. The current data set appears consistent both with energy injection by a long-lived central engine and with the onset of a kilonova afterglow, arising from the interaction of the sub-relativistic merger ejecta with the surrounding medium. Long-term monitoring of this source will be essential to test these different models.
Novel strategy for manufacturing autologous dendritic cell/allogeneic tumor lysate vaccines for glioblastoma
Authors: Parney Ian F , Gustafson Michael P , Solseth Mary , Bulur Peggy , Peterson Timothy E , Smadbeck James B , Johnson Sarah H , Murphy Stephen J , Vasmatzis George , Dietz Allan B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is nearly universally fatal by 5 years. Dendritic cell vaccines are promising but often limited clinically by antigen choice, dendritic cell potency, and/or manufacturing yield. We optimized vaccine manufacture, generating potent mature autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma lysates.

Methods
Platelet lysate-based supplement was used to establish human glioblastoma cell lines. Phenotype and genotype were assessed. An improved culture technique to generate mature dendritic cells from glioblastoma patients’ monocytes was developed. The ability of T cells stimulated with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma cell lysate to kill HLA-A2-matched glioblastoma cells was assessed.

Results
Glioblastoma cell lines established with platelet lysate supplement grew faster and expressed more stem-like markers than lines grown in neural stem cell media or in the presence of serum. They expressed a variety of glioma-associated antigens and had genomic abnormalities characteristic of glioblastoma stable up to 15 doublings. Unlike standard culture techniques, our optimized technique produced high levels of mature dendritic cells from glioblastoma patients’ monocytes. Autologous T cells stimulated with mature dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma cell line lysate briskly killed HLA-A2-matched glioblastoma cells.

Conclusions
Our glioblastoma culture method provides a renewable source for a broad spectrum glioblastoma neoantigens while our dendritic cell culture technique results in more mature dendritic cells in glioblastoma patients than standard techniques. This broadly applicable strategy could be easily integrated into patient care.
Alternatives to Opioid Education and a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Cumulatively Decreased Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions
Authors: Sigal Adam , Shah Ankit , Onderdonk Alex , Deaner Traci , Schlappy David , Barbera Charles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Deaths have increased, and prescription medications are involved in a significant percentage of deaths. Emergency department (ED) changes to managing acute pain and prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) can impact the potential for abuse.

Methods
We analyzed the impact of a series of quality improvement initiatives on the opioid prescribing habits of emergency department physicians and advanced practice providers. We compared historical prescribing patterns with those after three interventions: 1) the implementation of a PDMP, 2) clinician education on alternatives to opioids (ALTOs), and 3) electronic health record (EHR) process changes.

Results
There was a 61.8% decrease in the percentage of opioid-eligible ED discharges that received a prescription for an opioid from 19.4% during the baseline period to 7.4% during the final intervention period. Among these discharges, the cumulative effect of the interventions resulted in a 17.3% decrease in the amount of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed per discharge from a mean of 104.9 MME/discharge during the baseline period to 86.8 MME/discharge. In addition, the average amount of MME prescribed per discharge became aligned with recommended guidelines over the intervention periods.

Conclusions
Initiating a PDMP and instituting an aggressive ALTO program along with EHR-modified process flows have cumulative benefits in decreasing MME prescribed in an acute ED setting.
Optical shape analysis based on discrete Fourier transform and second-order moment analysis of the brightness distribution for the detection of sub-micron range tracks in nuclear emulsion
Authors: Umemoto Atsuhiro , Naka Tatsuhiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Ryuta , Shiraishi Takuya , Asada Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To recognize sub-micron-range low-energy tracks recorded in a super-fine-grained nuclear emulsion (Nano Imaging Tracker), an elliptical fitting method was devised to analyze anisotropic images taken by an optical microscope. We report on this newly developed method using a discrete Fourier transform and second-order moment analysis of the brightness distribution. We succeeded in lowering the ellipticity threshold, thereby improving the selection efficiency and angular resolution. Notably, the success of detecting carbon 30 keV tracks is the first such achievement in the world, where the incident direction of carbon 30 keV ions was determined with an accuracy of 41$^\circ$ and an efficiency of $1.7 \pm 0.1\%$.
Tackling the elective case backlog generated by Covid-19: the scale of the problem and solutions
Authors: Macdonald Nathanael , Clements Caterina , Sobti Anshul , Rossiter Daniel , Unnithan Ashwin , Bosanquet Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
In April 2020, Covid-19 brought NHS elective procedures to a halt. The aim of this paper is to produce accurate forecasts on the building backlog, highlight the state of waiting lists currently and propose solutions required to prevent a public health crisis.

Method
Using data published by NHS digital and NHS England on previous years, we have analysed and used this to produce estimates of cancellations and missed cases. We also analyse government data on waiting lists and show compliance or lack of with these.

Results
We show that compliance with waiting list times pre pandemic was falling year on year (83.2% in 2020 down from 87% in 2019). Every month that passes we estimate that 400 000 cases are not being performed. This may include urgent cancer care work in some trusts.

Conclusions
Waiting lists have been governed by strict rules since 2004. Given falling compliance with 18-week intention to treat we believe the scale of the backlog combined with NHS capacity diminished due to Covid-19 precautions is a public health crisis waiting to occur. We identify difficulties in resuming elective work and suggest strategies that could be employed to avoid a public health crisis.
Dedications, Epistles to the Reader, and Prefatory Custom in Printed English Playbooks, 1559–1642
Authors: Singh Devani 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This essay argues for the value of approaching printed dedications and addresses to readers through a comparative lens. For printed drama in particular, the presence of readerly paratexts has been a means of charting the genre’s literary ascent. The essay presents a bibliometric survey of the two paratexts in plays printed between 1559 and 1642, and compares their rates of occurrence in plays from the professional theatres with those from nonprofessional contexts. Contrary to the critical commonplace that the establishment of early modern literary culture saw the decline of patronage and the rise of the figure of the reader, the rates of publication of dedications and addresses to readers suggest the opposite. The essay documents a striking absence of attention to readers in the preliminaries of playbooks and finds that the dedication was the more popular form of prefatory address for both professional and nonprofessional plays, although professional plays initially favoured addresses to readers. After suggesting ways of accounting for these trends and considering their implications, the essay concludes with a discussion of dramatic prefaces which self-reflexively invoke the ‘custom’ of having a printed preface. The essay argues that this rhetorical convention shows authors and stationers weighing the merits of prefatory matter and negotiating the attendant question of literary worth as they sought to position their plays favourably in the print marketplace.
Interferon-stimulated GTPases in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: promising role for the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family
Authors: Haque Mahamudul , Siegel Ruby J , Fox David A , Ahmed Salahuddin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman IFNs are secreted cytokines shown to stimulate the expression of over one thousand genes. These IFN-inducible genes primarily encode four major protein families, known as IFN-stimulated GTPases (ISGs), namely myxovirus-resistance proteins, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), p47 immunity-related GTPases and very large inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases). These families respond specifically to type I or II IFNs and are well reported in coordinating immunity against some well known as well as newly discovered viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. A growing body of evidence highlights the potential contributory and regulatory roles of ISGs in dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our focus was to draw attention to studies that demonstrate increased expression of ISGs in the serum and affected tissues of patients with RA, SS, lupus, IBD and psoriasis. In this review, we analysed emerging literature describing the potential roles of ISGs, particularly the GBP family, in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlighted the promise and implications for therapeutically targeting IFNs and GBPs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
COVID-19 and myositis – unique challenges for patients
Authors: Gupta Latika , Lilleker James B , Agarwal Vikas , Chinoy Hector , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent effects on healthcare systems is having a significant effect on the management of long-term autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the problems faced by patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).

Methods
An anonymized eSurvey was carried out with a focus on effects on disease control, continuity of medical care, drug procurance and prevalent fears in the patient population.

Results
Of the 608 participants (81.1% female, median (s.d.) age 57  (13.9) years), dermatomyositis was the most frequent subtype (247, 40.6%). Patients reported health-related problems attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 195, 32.1%); specifically 102 (52.3%) required increase in medicines, and 35 (18%) required hospitalization for disease-related complications. Over half (52.7%) of the surveyed patients were receiving glucocorticoids and/or had underlying cardiovascular risk factors (53.8%), placing them at higher risk for severe COVID-19. Almost one in four patients faced hurdles in procuring medicines. Physiotherapy, critical in the management of IIM, was disrupted in 214 (35.2%). One quarter (159, 26.1%) experienced difficulty in contacting their specialist, and 30 (4.9%) were unable to do so. Most (69.6%) were supportive of the increased use of remote consultations to maintain continuity of medical care during the pandemic.

Conclusion
This large descriptive study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has incurred a detrimental effect on continuity of medical care for many patients with IIM. There is concern that delays and omissions in clinical care may potentially translate to poorer outcomes in the future.
Overexpression of MdIAA24 improves apple drought resistance by positively regulating strigolactone biosynthesis and mycorrhization
Authors: Huang Dong , Wang Qian , Jing Guangquan , Ma Mengnan , Li Chao , Ma Fengwang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Most land plant species have the ability to establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi penetrate into root cortical cells and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. We cloned the MdIAA24 from apple (Malus domestica) following its up-regulation during AM symbiosis. Results demonstrate the positive impact of the overexpression (OE) of MdIAA24 in apple on AM colonization. We observed the strigolactone (SL) synthesis genes, including MdD27, MdCCD7, MdCCD8a, MdCCD8b and MdMAXa, to be up-regulated in the OE lines. Thus, the OE lines exhibited both a higher SL content and colonization rate. Furthermore, we observed that the OE lines were able to maintain better growth parameters under AM inoculation conditions. Under drought stress with the AM inoculation, the OE lines were less damaged, which was demonstrated by a higher relative water content, a lower relative electrolytic leakage, a greater osmotic adjustment, a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, an improved gas exchange capacity and an increased chlorophyll fluorescence performance. Our findings demonstrate that the OE of MdIAA24 in apple positively regulates the synthesis of SL and the formation of arbuscules as a drought stress coping mechanism.
Type 1 diabetes induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Rui , Cai Xiao-Ling , Liu Liu , Han Xue-Yao , Ji Li-Nong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in cancers, ICI-induced type 1 diabetes has been reported throughout the world. In this review, we aim to summarize the characteristics of this disease and discuss the mechanism of it. As an immune-related adverse event, type 1 diabetes developed after the administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the combination with or without anti-CTLA-4. It usually presented with acute onset, and 62.1% of the reported cases had diabetic ketoacidosis. Only a third of them had positive autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. Susceptible HLA genotypes might be associated. T-cell-stimulation by blocking of the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 in pancreatic β cells was the main mechanism involved in the pathology. Insulin was the only effective treatment of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes. In conclusions, ICI-induced type 1 diabetes is a potentially life-threating adverse event after the immunotherapy of cancers. Screening and early recognition is important. Further investigation of the mechanism may help to better understand the pathology of type 1 diabetes.
Reflections on the Impending Lawsuits by Governments Against Pharmaceutical Opioid Producers in Canada
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Haines-Saah Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Canada has experienced an unprecedented opioid-related public health crisis. Several Canadian (provincial) governments are preparing lawsuits against pharmaceutical opioid manufacturers towards liability and reparations for the extensive costs of opioid-related harms. We briefly examine these efforts on ethical, practical and commonsensical grounds. Specifically, the opioid drugs fuelling the crisis were actively approved by public regulators, and governments for long neglected explicit warnings about and failed to implement crucial interventions towards the emerging opioid crisis when needed. The opioid crisis arose out of interactive dynamics (of actions and non-actions) by multiple protagonists neither accounted for nor corrected by one-sided responsibility assignments.

Le Canada a connu une crise sans précédent au niveau de la santé publique liée aux opioïdes. Plusieurs gouvernements canadiens (provinciaux) préparent des poursuites contre les fabricants d’opioïdes pharmaceutiques pour responsabilité civile et réparation en raison des coÛts élevés des méfaits liés aux opioïdes. Nous avons examiné ces efforts aux niveaux éthique, pratique et logique. Plus précisément, les médicaments opioïdes qui alimentent la crise ont été activement approuvés par les régulateurs publics, et les gouvernements ont longtemps négligés les avertissements explicites. De plus, ils n’ont pas réussi à mettre en œuvre des interventions cruciales contre la crise des opioïdes émergente en cas de besoin. La crise des opioïdes est née de la dynamique interactive (des actions et des non-actions) de multiples protagonistes. Elle n’a été ni expliquée ni corrigée par des attributions de blâmes unilatérales.
Female reproductive health and cognitive function
Authors: Tsai Chia-Kuang , Chen Yuan-Yuei , Chou Chung-Hsing , Kao Tung-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung , Yang Fu-Chi , Wang Chung-Ching , Lee Jiunn-Tay , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The impact of sex hormones milieu on women's cognitive performance at different reproductive stages has caused increased caution. Our research aims to explore whether parity is negatively correlated with cognitive function.

Methods:
There were 1,093 postmenopausal participants recruited from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. Cognitive functioning was evaluated by digit symbol substitution test (DSST). We performed log transformation to normalize the distributions of the DSST values.

Results:
Participants were categorized into tertile groups based on the number of pregnancies. Using the zero to one pregnancy group as the reference, there was a reduced DSST scores with β values of −0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.23 to −0.03; P = 0.008) in the ≥5 pregnancies group after adjusting for socioeconomic, medical disease, lifestyle, and reproductive components. Moreover, women who had their last pregnancy after 28 years old and education less than 12 years also was correlate with cognitive malfunction after adjusting relevant covariates (both P
< 0.001).

Conclusions:
Women with at least five pregnancies had poorer cognitive performance. Last pregnancy after 28 years old and education less than 12 years also was associated with poorer DSST scores.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A634.
Breast effects of oral, combined 17β-estradiol, and progesterone capsules in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu James H. , Black Denise R. , Larkin Lisa , Graham Shelli , Bernick Brian , Mirkin Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of a single-capsule, bioidentical 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) hormone therapy on mammograms and breasts in postmenopausal women after 1 year of use.

Methods:
In the 12-month, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter REPLENISH trial, postmenopausal women (40-65 y) with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and a uterus were randomized to four active daily dose groups of E2/P4 (TX-001HR) or a placebo group. Mammograms were performed and read locally at screening (or ≤6 months before first dose) and at study end using BI-RADS classification. Incidence of abnormal mammograms and breast adverse events was evaluated.

Results:
All but 8 (0.4%) mammograms at screening were normal (BI-RADS 1 or 2). At 1 year, 39 (2.9%) of the 1,340 study-end mammograms were abnormal (BI-RADS 3 or 4); incidence was 1.7% to3.7% with active doses and 3.1% with placebo. Breast cancer incidence was 0.36% with active doses and 0% with placebo. Breast tenderness was reported at frequencies of 2.4% to 10.8% with active doses versus 0.7% with placebo, and led to eight study discontinuations (1.6% of discontinuations in active groups).

Conclusions:
In this phase 3 trial of a combined E2/P4, results of secondary outcomes suggest that E2/P4 may not be associated with increased risk of abnormal mammograms versus placebo, and the incidence of breast tenderness was low relative to most of the rates reported in other studies using hormone therapy.
Relative Cost Differences of Initial Treatment Strategies for Newly Diagnosed Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Larochelle Marc R. , Wakeman Sarah E. , Ameli Omid , Chaisson Christine E. , McPheeters Jeffrey T. , Crown William H. , Azocar Francisca , Sanghavi Darshak M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Relative costs of care among treatment options for opioid use disorder (OUD) are unknown.

Methods:
We identified a cohort of 40,885 individuals with a new diagnosis of OUD in a large national de-identified claims database covering commercially insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees. We assigned individuals to 1 of 6 mutually exclusive initial treatment pathways: (1) Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center; (2) Behavioral Health Intensive, intensive outpatient or Partial Hospitalization Services; (3) Methadone or Buprenorphine; (4) Naltrexone; (5) Behavioral Health Outpatient Services, or; (6) No Treatment. We assessed total costs of care in the initial 90 day treatment period for each strategy using a differences in differences approach controlling for baseline costs.

Results:
Within 90 days of diagnosis, 94.8% of individuals received treatment, with the initial treatments being: 15.8% for Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center, 4.8% for Behavioral Health Intensive, Intensive Outpatient or Partial Hospitalization Services, 12.5% for buprenorphine/methadone, 2.4% for naltrexone, and 59.3% for Behavioral Health Outpatient Services. Average unadjusted costs increased from $3250 per member per month (SD $7846) at baseline to $5047 per member per month (SD $11,856) in the 90 day follow-up period. Compared with no treatment, initial 90 day costs were lower for buprenorphine/methadone [Adjusted Difference in Differences Cost Ratio (ADIDCR) 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.80], naltrexone (ADIDCR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42–0.67), and behavioral health outpatient (ADIDCR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44–0.66). Costs were higher for inpatient detox (ADIDCR 2.30; 95% CI, 1.88–2.83).

Conclusion:
Improving health system capacity and insurance coverage and incentives for outpatient management of OUD may reduce health care costs.