bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal changes in the six major glaciers of the Chitral River basin (Hindukush Region of Pakistan) between 2001 and 2018
Authors: Gul Jawaria , Muhammad Sher , Liu Shi-yin , Ullah Siddique , Ahmad Shakeel , Hayat Huma , Tahir Adnan Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlaciers in the northern Pakistan are a distinctive source of freshwater for the irrigation, drinking and industrial water supplies of the people living in those regions and downstream. These glaciers are under a direct global warming impact as indicated in many previous studies. In this study, we estimated the glacier dynamics in terms of Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA), mass balance and the snout position variation using remote sensing data between 2001 and 2018. Six glaciers, having area ≥ 20 km2 each, situated in the Chitral region (Hindukush Mountains) were investigated in this study. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and available cloud-free continuous series of Landsat and Sentinel the entire study area was a retreat of -231 ± 140 m. No obvious relationship was found between the glacier variation trends and the available gauged climatic data possibly due to the presence of debris cover in ablation zones of all the studied glaciers which provides insulation and reduces the immediate climatic effects.
Bone mineral density in young adults: the influence of vitamin D status, biochemical indicators, physical activity and body composition
Authors: Kopiczko Anna , Łopuszańska-Dawid Monika , Gryko Karol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSummaryThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men. Physical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men.PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men.MethodsOne hundred subjects aged 19–24 years were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) in distal and proximal parts was evaluated by forearm densitometry. Body composition was analysed with the use of JAWON-Medical-x-scan. The following biochemical indicators were analysed: 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)2D, magnesium, phosphorus, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Physical activity levels were assessed by interview.ResultsSignificant correlations between BMD and physical activity, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage were revealed in men. Among women, considerably weaker correlations of BMD with body composition and physical activity were noted than in men. BMD in the distal part correlated only with lean body mass, soft lean mass and body fat percentage. The strongest relationship between physical activity and bone mineral status parameters was noted for BMD in men. In women, physical activity did not affect BMD.ConclusionsPhysical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men.
Minimal Passive Realizations of Generalized Schur Functions in Pontryagin Spaces
Authors: Lilleberg Lassi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPassive discrete-time systems in Pontryagin space setting are investigated. In this case the transfer functions of passive systems, or characteristic functions of contractive operator colligations, are generalized Schur functions. The existence of optimal and $$^*$$∗-optimal minimal realizations for generalized Schur functions are proved. By using those realizations, a new definition, which covers the case of generalized Schur functions, is given for defects functions. A criterion due to D.Z. Arov and M.A. Nudelman, when all minimal passive realizations of the same Schur function are unitarily similar, is generalized to the class of generalized Schur functions. The approach used here is new; it relies completely on the theory of passive systems.
Assessing plant-to-plant communication and induced resistance in sagebrush using the sagebrush specialist Trirhabda pilosa
Authors: Grof-Tisza Patrick , Karban Richard , Pan Vincent S. , Blande James D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlants respond to damage by herbivores or to reliable cues of damage by changing in ways that provide greater resistance and increase their fitness. Sagebrush has been a model system for understanding induced resistance, although resistance in this system is commonly assessed by quantifying damage at the end of the season; this measure is slow and lacks accuracy and interpretability because so many other factors also affect levels of damage. Herbivore choice offers a potentially rapid and accurate alternative assay of induced resistance. Here we evaluate whether feeding behavior of a specialized Chrysomelid beetle, Trirhabda pilosa, could be used to assay induced changes in plant quality. Beetle larvae were offered the choice between two leaves in Petri dish arenas. We found that beetles avoided leaves that were naturally damaged by herbivores, experimentally clipped with scissors, and exposed to the volatiles from naturally or experimentally damaged neighboring leaves compared to control leaves. Experiments varied the source of the damage, the duration of the feeding test, and how damage was measured, still, beetles consistently preferred uninduced controls by a 2:1 ratio over leaves exposed to cues of damage. These results suggest that behavioral assays using T. pilosa larvae can be used to rapidly evaluate induced resistance in this system. More generally, movement and feeding behaviors of herbivores are an important and underappreciated component of induced plant responses.
Baroreflex Amplification and Carotid Body Modulation for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Groenland Eline H. , Spiering Wilko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Patients with true resistant hypertension (RH) are characterized by having high sympathetic activity and therefore potentially benefit from treatments such as baroreflex amplification (baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) or endovascular baroreflex amplification therapy (EVBA)) or carotid body (CB) modulation. This review aims at providing an up-to-date overview of the available evidence regarding these two therapies.

Recent Findings
In recent years, increasing evidence has confirmed the potential of baroreflex amplification, either electrically (Barostim neo) or mechanically (MobiusHD), to improve blood pressure control on short- and long-term with only few side effects, in patients with RH. Two studies regarding unilateral CB resection did not show a significant change in blood pressure. Only limited studies regarding CB modulation showed promising results for transvenous CB ablation, but not for unilateral CB resection.

Summary
Despite promising results from mostly uncontrolled studies, more evidence regarding the safety and efficacy from ongoing large randomized sham-controlled trials is needed before baroreflex amplification and CB modulation can be implemented in routine clinical practice.
Hard to solve instances of the Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Hougardy Stefan , Zhong Xianghui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe well known 4/3 conjecture states that the integrality ratio of the subtour LP is at most 4/3 for metric Traveling Salesman instances. We present a family of Euclidean Traveling Salesman instances for which we prove that the integrality ratio of the subtour LP converges to 4/3. These instances (using the rounded Euclidean norm) turn out to be hard to solve exactly with , the fastest existing exact TSP solver. For a 200 vertex instance from our family of Euclidean Traveling Salesman instances needs several days of CPU time. This is more than 1,000,000 times more runtime than for a TSPLIB instance of similar size. Thus our new family of Euclidean Traveling Salesman instances may serve as new benchmark instances for TSP algorithms.
Response surface methodology-based optimization of biosurfactant production from isolated Bacillus aryabhattai strain ZDY2
Authors: Yaraguppi Deepak A. , Bagewadi Zabin K. , Muddapur Uday M. , Mulla Sikandar I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA potential biosurfactant producing isolate was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai strain ZDY2. Biosurfactant production was enhanced by 2.51-fold through the development of an optimized process using response surface methodology. The optimized culture medium contained crude oil 4.0%, yeast extract 0.7% and NaNO3 3.0% that yielded 8.86 g/l of biosurfactant. Biosurfactant was characterized for stability up to 100 °C, at pH 5–10 and in the presence of NaCl concentration up to 8%. Biosurfactant demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida tropicalis. The morphological characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis reveals the lipopeptide nature of the biosurfactant produced by B. aryabhattai strain ZDY2. The biosurfactant finds application in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.
Die Induktion von Schülerkrisen durch Lehrpersonen. Professionalisiertes Lehrer/innenhandeln zwischen strukturtheoretischer Anforderungslogik und praxeologisch-wissenssoziologisch fundierter Rekonstruktion
Authors: Hinzke Jan-Hendrik 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Artikel wird das Thema der Induktion von Schülerkrisen durch Lehrpersonen aus zwei Perspektiven betrachtet. Erstens wird herausgearbeitet, was unter strukturtheoretischer Perspektive unter Krisen und Kriseninduktion verstanden wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Kriseninduktion im strukturtheoretischen Professionsansatz als Element professionalisierten Lehrerhandelns in den Blick gerät, das mit bestimmten Erwartungen verbunden und als Teil einer Anforderungslogik an Lehrpersonen herangetragen wird. Zweitens werden Ergebnisse einer explorativ angelegten, rekonstruktiven Interviewstudie präsentiert, der eine praxeologisch-wissenssoziologische Perspektive zugrunde liegt. In der Interpretation der Lehrer/inneninterviews mit der Dokumentarischen Methode wird deutlich, dass die Induktion von Schülerkrisen voraussetzungsreich ist. Die Arbeit an der Kriseninduktion ist in jenen typischen Orientierungen verankert, die für Lehrpersonen in ihrem Berufsalltag leitend sind. Sie basiert auf einer spezifischen Relation von Normen und Common Sense-Theorien, von Orientierungsrahmen im engeren Sinne sowie von Orientierungsrahmen im weiteren Sinne. Aufbauend auf diesen beiden Perspektiven wird diskutiert, inwiefern die Interpretationsergebnisse als Ausdruck professionalisierten Lehrer/innenhandelns gedeutet werden können und welcher weitere Forschungsbedarf sich abzeichnet. Insgesamt betrachtet verfolgt der Artikel das Anliegen, dadurch einen Beitrag zum Diskurs um Professionalität in Bezug auf den Lehrer/innenberuf zu leisten, dass strukturtheoretische Anforderungslogik an und praxeologisch-wissenssoziologisch fundierte Rekonstruktion von Lehrer/innenhandeln in Bezug zueinander gesetzt werden.
Local Vaporization at the Cut Front at High Laser Cutting Speeds
Authors: Bocksrocker Oliver , Berger Peter , Kessler Steffen , Hesse Tim , Rominger Volker , Graf Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh-speed videos of the cut front and spectrometric measurements were applied to detect local vaporization on the cut front at high cutting speeds to show that with increasing feed rate, temporally short and intense flashes are generated by vaporization phenomena on the upper part of the cut front. The latter are accompanied by the emergence of an interrupted striation pattern on the surface of the cutting edge. The findings support the assumption that local vaporization at the cut front might be the cause for reduced quality of the cutting process at elevated cutting speeds. The observation of vaporization serves as a diagnostic method to anticipate a fail cut and the interrupted striation pattern.
Manuelles Umsetzen mobilitätseingeschränkter Personen in Verkehrsflugzeugen
Authors: Backhaus Claus , Homann Helge , Jäger Matthias 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDem demografischen Wandel zufolge nimmt der Anteil mobilitätseingeschränkter Personen (MEP) in Verkehrsflugzeugen zu. Beim Unterstützen von MEP können hohe physische Belastungen, insbesondere im Bereich des unteren Rückens, auftreten. In der vorgestellten Studie wurde ein Hilfsmittel zum manuellen Umsetzen von MEP von einem Sitz auf einen anderen oder auf einen Bordrollstuhl an Bord von Verkehrsflugzeugen entwickelt und evaluiert. Die Entwicklung erfolgte iterativ in einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe. Die Evaluation des Hilfsmittels basiert auf einem Usability-Test im „Flight Training Center“ (FTC) eines großen deutschen Luftfahrtunternehmens durch Flugbegleitpersonal sowie auf einer biomechanischen Belastungsschätzung im Labor. Dazu wurden – als Maß der durch Flugbegleitpersonal ausgeübten Aktionskräfte – die Bodenreaktionskräfte beim Umsetzen einer MEP gemessen, die Bandscheibendruckkräfte als Kenngröße der lumbalen Belastung mit Hilfe des biomechanischen Simulationswerkzeugs „Der Dortmunder“ berechnet und diese mit den als Maximalbelastung des unteren Rückens empfohlenen „Revidierten Dortmunder Richtwerten“ verglichen. Das entwickelte Hilfsmittel besteht aus zwei identischen Gleittuchschlingen aus einem silikonlaminiertem Polyesterstoff. Die durchschnittliche Anwendungsdauer beim Bewegen einer MEP vom Fenstersitz auf den Bordrollstuhl im Gang betrug 02:14 min. Bei 5 von 14 Handlungsschritten wurde ein erhöhter Einweisungsbedarf identifiziert. Die Anwenderakzeptanz wurde mit 81 % als gut bis sehr gut eingeschätzt. Durch den Einsatz des neuen Hilfsmittels verringerten sich die Aktionskräfte um etwa 30 % und die Bandscheibendruckkräfte beim Umsetzen einer MEP um etwa 50 %. Zusammenfassend ermöglichen die neu entwickelten Gleittücher ein schnelles, einfaches und sicheres Umsetzen mobilitätseingeschränkter Passagiere in Verkehrsflugzeugen. Die dabei auf das Flugbegleitpersonal einwirkenden Belastungen, insbesondere des unteren Rückens, sind deutlich verringert.
Governing renewable energy transition in conflict contexts: investigating the institutional context in Palestine
Authors: Khaldi Yasser M. , Sunikka-Blank Minna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn response to pressures imposed on the energy sector, several countries in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region have committed to increasing the percentage of renewable energy to reach 15–50% of the energy supply by 2030. New governance models are required to conceptualise and guide the energy transition into a more sustainable direction. Therefore, this paper employed the transition management governance framework to answer the questions of who is governing the renewable energy transition in Palestine, and in what ways it is achieved. The analysis is based on three levels: strategic (problem structuring and envisioning), tactical (coalition building, developing transition agenda), and operational (mobilising actors and implementing experiments). Accordingly, key energy-related institutions are examined in terms of their visions, capacities and scope of influence using semi-structured interviews, roundtable discussions, and a survey. The conducted policy analysis suggests that the Palestinian energy sector started experiencing profound changes that affected all actors who had to adapt or transform to remain active, in addition to the rise of various multi-level actors. The analysis also shows that actors are more connected compared to the conventional energy system. Findings suggest that the spread of renewable technologies was not the outcome of only top–down schemes; instead, it is achieved throughout the collaboration of multi-level institutions and increasing reliance on horizontal-based governance networks. The paper uses examples to imply that it is possible to overcome the agglomeration of restrictions imposed on the Palestinian energy sector due to conflict if established regimes support governance networks and local-level initiatives.
Yield and Economic Effectiveness of Soybean Grown Under Different Cropping Systems
Authors: Gawęda Dorota , Nowak Anna , Haliniarz Małgorzata , Woźniak Andrzej 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn increase in the area under soybean and other legume crops in Europe is one of the assumptions of the European Soya Declaration. A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of cropping system and tillage system on yield, some quality characteristics of soybean seeds and economic evaluation. Therefore, this paper is of interdisciplinary nature. On average over a four-year study period, the soybean seed yield was significantly higher in monoculture compared to the yield obtained in crop rotation. A decreasing trend in yield of monocultured soybean was only observed in the 4th year of the experiment. Seeds grown in monoculture were characterized by a significantly higher percentage protein content and a lower fat content compared to obtained in crop rotation. Plough tillage affected more beneficially soybean yield. Under no-tillage conditions, soybean seeds were shown to have a higher percentage protein content and a lower fat content. The average income per ha of soybean grown under plough tillage system was higher by EUR 64.6 than that under no-tillage. In comparing production profitability depending on the cropping system, it can be noted that it was more beneficial to grow soybean in monoculture. In monoculture, both plough tillage and no-tillage generated a higher income per ha than in the case of soybean grown in crop rotation.
Antidepressant-like effects of kynurenic acid in a modified forced swim test
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Bohár Zsuzsanna , Martos Diána , Telegdy Gyula , Vécsei László 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an l-tryptophan metabolite with neuromodulatory activities, regulating the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, dopamine (DA), and acetylcholine (Ach). Dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway has been associated with neurodegenerative, neurological, and psychological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

Methods
The antidepressant-like effects of KYNA were studied with a modified mouse forced swimming test (FST), and the potential involvement of the serotonin (SER), norepinephrine, DA, Ach, N-methyl-d-aspartate, or gamma-aminobutyric acid subunit A (GABAA) receptors in its antidepressant-like effect was assayed by modified combination mouse FST. In combination studies, the mice were pretreated with the respective receptor antagonist, cyproheptadine (CPH), phenoxybenzamine, yohimbine, propranolol, haloperidol (HPD), atropine, MK-801, or bicuculline (BCL).

Results
The FST revealed that KYNA reversed immobility, climbing, and swimming times, suggesting the antidepressant-like effects of KYNA. Furthermore, the combination studies showed that CPH prevented the antidepressant-like effects of KYNA on immobility, climbing, and swimming times, whereas HPD reduced climbing time and BCL influenced immobility and climbing times and prevented the effects of KYNA on swimming time.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of antidepressant-like effects of KYNA in a modified mouse FST. Furthermore, modified combination FST showed that the antidepressant-like actions of KYNA strongly interacted with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 SER-ergic receptors, weakly interacted with D2, D3, D4 DA-ergic receptors, and interacted moderately with GABAA receptors.
Normal Testosterone but Higher Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Levels in Men With Hypersexual Disorder
Authors: Chatzittofis Andreas , Boström Adrian E. , Öberg Katarina Görts , Flanagan John N. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Arver Stefan , Jokinen Jussi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Hypersexual disorder as suggested to be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 integrates aspects of sexual desire deregulation, impulsivity, and compulsivity. However, it is unknown how it affects gonadal activity and the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in hypersexual men compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, we investigated associations between epigenetic markers and hormone levels.

Methods
Basal morning plasma levels of testosterone, LH, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were assessed in 67 hypersexual men (mean age: 39.2 years) compared with 39 age-matched healthy controls (mean age: 37.5 years). The Sexual Compulsivity Scale and the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale were used for assessing hypersexual behavior, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale-self rating was used for depression severity, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used for assessing history of childhood adversity. The genome-wide methylation pattern of more than 850 K CpG sites was measured in whole blood using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. CpG sites located within 2,000 bp of the transcriptional start site of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) and HPG axis–coupled genes were included.

Main Outcome Measures
Testosterone and LH plasma levels in association with clinical rating and a secondary outcome was the epigenetic profile of HPA and HPG axis–coupled CpG sites with testosterone and LH levels.

Results
LH plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with hypersexual disorder than in healthy volunteers. No significant differences in plasma testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, and SHBG levels were found between the groups. There were no significant associations between DNA methylation of HPA and HPG axis–coupled genes and plasma testosterone or LH levels after multiple testing corrections.

Conclusions
Subtle dysregulation of the HPG axis, with increased LH plasma levels but no difference in testosterone levels may be present in hypersexual men.
Chatzittofis A, Boström AE, Öberg KG, et al. Normal Testosterone but Higher Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Levels in Men With Hypersexual Disorder. Sex Med 2020;8:243–250.