bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a Focused Pediatric Emergency Medicine Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents: A Case Study at Michigan Medicine
Authors: Morrison Ponce Daphne P. , Wolff Margaret 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesEmergency medicine (EM) is dedicated to the treatment of urgent and emergent illness requiring physicians to evaluate, treat, and diagnose patients of all ages. EM residency provides the foundation of knowledge enabling trainees to care for any patient. However, specific pediatric curriculum guidance from governing bodies is limited. The literature includes two potential curricula that are cumbersome to implement. Our primary objective was to identify the components of this curricula that were specific to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). Secondary objectives were to provide a methods framework and to compare the results with the American Board of Emergency Medicine Model of Clinical Practice (EM Model).MethodsWith the modified Delphi technique, iterative rounds of expert panels sought to reach consensus on PEM‐specific topics. We utilized the published curricula as the foundation and focused this list using a group of local experts. Predetermined consensus was defined as 80% agreement.ResultsThe literature‐derived list of 190 topics was reviewed by the expert panel. Experts identified 92 PEM‐specific topics, and the remaining 98 topics were deemed adequately covered by general EM curricula. All topics reached consensus after three rounds. The final list was sorted in accordance with the EM Model categories. Redundant topics were consolidated resulting in 68 PEM topics. Of these 68 topics, we identified 20 topics (five of which are critical) that were incompletely covered by the EM Model.ConclusionsEmergency medicine residency programs should focus their PEM curriculum by deliberately assessing their coverage of key PEM topics. The methods of this study can be replicated to yield locally applicable results in other EM programs. Additionally, the next iteration of the EM Model of Clinical Practice should inform their PEM topics from the available curricula in the literature.
Phenological changes in the nutritive value of honey mesquite leaves, pods, and flowers in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Mayagoitia Piedad , Bailey Derek W. , Estell Richard E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHoney mesquite [Prosopis glandulosa (Torr.) glandulosa] is a potential foraging resource in southwestern United States rangelands and in other semi‐arid rangelands. Yet, intake by ruminants is limited. We conducted an in vitro digestion experiment to assess phenological changes in nutrient value and relative digestibility of honey mesquite leaves, pods, and flowers throughout the 2012 growing season. Crude protein (CP) content of leaves decreased (P < .001) during the year, while acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased (P < .05). Crude protein content of pods decreased (P = .009) over time, but we did not detect (P > .10) any phenological changes in ADF or NDF levels during the study. A cubic response was observed with in vitro gas production and Julian date for both leaves and pods (P ≤ .01). Gas production from leaves collected in spring and early summer were lower than during late summer and early fall. Gas production and nutrient content values suggest that concentration of secondary compounds of mesquite leaves may decrease in late summer. Gas production values of mesquite leaves were lowest in early and mid‐summer when CP levels were high and fiber levels were low. Mesquite flowers and pods can be valuable forage resources for cattle. Although mesquite leaves contain nutrients, secondary compounds likely limit intake, especially in late spring and early summer when the CP in mesquite leaves would be most beneficial because quality of herbaceous forages in southwestern United States rangelands at that time is usually low.
Nutrient uptake and productivity of four tropical cropping systems under biochar amendment
Authors: Bashagaluke Janvier Bigabwa , Logah Vincent , Sakordie‐Addo Joseph , Opoku Andrews 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegrated measures including climate‐smart options have been proposed to improve crop production in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, there are limited studies exploiting biochar (BC) use under different cropping systems in the region. We evaluated nutrient uptake, grain and biomass yields, and economic viabilities of integrated use of BC under cereal‐ and legume‐based cropping systems in Ghana. The two‐factor field experiment was conducted in three consecutive cropping seasons and comprised soil amendments (BC, NPK fertilizers, 50% NPK + 50% BC, and control) and cropping systems (sole maize [Zea mays], maize intercropped with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sole soybean and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.]). Generally, sole application of mineral fertilizers increased (p < .05) maize grain yield more than the 50% NPK+50% BC. Conversely, the 50% NPK + 50% BC generally produced similar yields (p > .05) of cowpea and soybean as the sole application of the 100% recommended NPK rates. For maize biomass yield, 50% NPK + 50% BC generally outperformed the sole NPK and sole BC treatments. Nutrient uptake in maize was higher in sole NPK and the integrated plots under sole cropping than in intercropping system. Nitrogen uptake of maize in 50% NPK + 50% BC was 12–22% higher in sole cropping than in intercropping system. The value/cost ratio under NPK was above the economic threshold (>2.0) under cropping systems. For 50% NPK + 50% BC, the economic threshold was only exceeded under intercropping cropping system, indicating a considerable intercropping benefits in integrated biochar and mineral fertilizer application.
Prognostic factors and long‐term follow‐up of basiliximab for steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease: Updated experience from a large‐scale study
Authors: Liu Si‐Ning , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xu Lan‐Ping , Wang Yu , Yan Chen‐Hua , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Han Wei , Wang Feng‐Rong , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Mo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute graft‐vs‐host disease (aGVHD) is one of the most important causes of early mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), particularly for those with steroid‐refractory (SR)‐aGVHD. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors and long‐term clinical outcomes of basiliximab treatment for SR‐aGVHD. Basiliximab was administered on days 1, 3, and 8, and repeated weekly until aGVHD was less than grade II, or patients showed no response after four doses. Out of 1498 patients receiving allo‐HSCT, 230 patients with SR‐aGVHD were enrolled. Grade III to IV aGVHD before basiliximab treatment significantly and independently predicted a poorer response to basiliximab in multivariate analysis. And, the cumulative incidence of overall response at 14 days, 28 days, and 56 days after treatment was 41.4% vs 23.1% (P = .023), 70.2% vs 43.6% (P = .002), and 80.1% vs 66.7% (P = .013), respectively. This was for those with grade II and grade III to IV aGVHD. Patients receiving more than four doses of basiliximab had higher rates of infections. The 4‐year cumulative incidence of total and severe chronic GVHD after basiliximab treatment was 44.8% (95% CI 38.3%‐51.3%) and 2.2% (95% CI 0.3%‐4.1%), respectively. The 4‐year cumulative incidence of relapse, non‐relapse mortality, disease‐free survival, and overall survival after basiliximab treatment was 11.3% (95% CI 7.2%‐15.4%), 30.0% (95% CI 24.1%‐35.9%), 58.7% (95% CI 52.3%‐65.1%), and 61.7% (95% CI 55.4%‐68.0%), respectively. Comorbidities before allo‐HSCT and refined Minnesota aGVHD risk score at diagnosis had significant influences on long‐term survival. Thus, basiliximab was a safe and effective treatment for patients with SR‐aGVHD.
Efficient Synthesis of Sulfenamides through Mitsunobu‐type Coupling Reaction of Thiols with Amines using Dibenzyl Azodicarboxylate
Authors: Ryu Se Hwan , Ra Jongmin , Ko Haye Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractS−H activation reaction of thiols employing dibenzyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) has been developed for the preparation of sulfenamides. The dehydrogenation of thiols and amines under these reaction conditions involved the formation of dibenzyl hydrazine‐1,2‐dicarboxylate (5 a), which led to the S−N bond formation reaction. The reaction proceeds efficiently with the release of 5 a and affords various sulfenamides in good to excellent yields.
A novel sensitive assay for detection of a biomarker of pericyte injury in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Sweeney Melanie D. , Sagare Abhay P. , Pachicano Maricarmen , Harrington Michael G. , Joe Elizabeth , Chui Helena C. , Schneider Lon S. , Montagne Axel , Ringman John M. , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Pa Judy , Nation Daniel A. , Toga Arthur W. , Zlokovic Berislav V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionBlood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and loss of brain capillary pericytes contributes to cognitive impairment. Pericytes express platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFRβ) that regulates brain angiogenesis and blood vessel stability. Elevated soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicate pericyte injury and BBB breakdown, which is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction.MethodsA combination of reagents and conditions were tested, optimized, and validated on the Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence platform to develop a new sPDGFRβ immunoassay that was used to measure sPDGFRβ in human CSF from 147 individuals.ResultsWe developed standard operating procedures for a highly sensitive and reproducible sPDGFRβ immunoassay with a dynamic range from 100 to 26,000 pg/mL, and confirmed elevated CSF sPDGFRβ levels in individuals with cognitive dysfunction.DiscussionThis assay could be applied at different laboratories to study brain pericytes and microvascular damage in relation to cognition in disorders associated with neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction.
DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen durch RAFT‐Polymerisation und polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstassemblierung
Authors: Lückerath Thorsten , Koynov Kaloian , Loescher Sebastian , Whitfield Colette J. , Nuhn Lutz , Walther Andreas , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWir präsentieren hier eine neuartige Plattformtechnologie für die Herstellung von DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen mit verschiedenen Formen, indem wir uns die Methode der polymerisationsinduzierten Selbstassemblierung (PISA) für die Polymerisation einzelsträngiger DNA (ssDNA) zunutze machen. Es wurde ein Grafting‐from‐Verfahren für die thermische RAFT‐Polymerisation von ssDNA unter Umgebungsbedingungen entwickelt und für die Synthese von funktionalen DNA‐Blockcopolymeren sowie von DNA‐Diblockcopolymeren verwendet, die von Acrylaten und Acrylamiden abgeleitet wurden. Mit diesem Verfahren konnte PISA für die Herstellung von isotropen und anisotropen DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen angewendet werden, indem die Kettenlänge des Polymerblocks variiert wurde. Die resultierenden Nanostrukturen wurden ferner mit einer komplementären ssDNA funktionalisiert, die mit einem Farbstoff markiert war. PISA bietet damit eine effiziente Route zur Herstellung intrinsisch funktionaler DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen.
Systematic Research and Evaluation Models of Nanomotors for Cancer Combined Therapy
Authors: Wan Mimi , Wang Qi , Li Xiaoyun , Xu Bo , Fang Dan , Li Ting , Yu Yueqi , Fang Leyi , Wang Yue , Wang Meng , Wang Fenghe , Mao Chun , Shen Jian , Wei Jia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLimited tumor permeability of therapeutic agents is a great challenge faced by current cancer therapy methods. Herein, a kind of near infrared light (NIR)‐driven nanomotor with autonomous movement, targeted ability, hierarchical porous structure, multi‐drugs for cancer chemo/photothermal therapy is designed, prepared and characterized. Further, we establish a method to study the interaction between nanomotors and cells, along with their tumor permeability mechanism, including 2D cellular models, 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo models. In vivo tumor elimination results verify that the movement behaviour of the nanomotors can greatly facilitate them to eliminate tumor through multiple therapeutic methods. This work tries to establish systematic research and evaluation models, providing strategies to understand the relationship between motion behaviour and tumor permeation efficiency of nanomotors in depth.
A Sodalite‐Type Silver Orthophosphate Cluster in a Globular Silver Nanocluster
Authors: Deng Chenglong , Sun Cunfa , Wang Zhi , Tao Yunwen , Chen Yilin , Lin Jinqing , Luo Genggeng , Lin Bizhou , Sun Di , Zheng Lansun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and structure of a giant 102‐silver‐atom nanocluster (NC)1is presented. X‐ray structural analysis reveals that1features a multi‐shelled metallic core of Ag6@Ag24@Ag60@Ag12. An octahedral Ag6core is encaged by a truncated octahedral Ag24shell. The Ag24shell is composed of a hitherto unknown sodalite‐type silver orthophosphate cluster (SOC) {(Ag3PO4)8}, reminiscent of the Ag3PO4photocatalyst. The SOC is capped by six interstitial sulfur atoms, giving a unique anionic cluster [Ag6@{(Ag3PO4)8}S6]6−, which functions as an intricate polyhedral template with abundant surface O and S atoms guiding the formation of a rare rhombicosidodecahedral Ag60shell. An array of 6 linear Ag2staples further surround this Ag60shell. [Ag6@{(Ag3PO4)8}S6]6−is an unusual Ag‐based templating anion to induce the assembly of a SOC within silver NC. This finding provides molecular models for bulk Ag3PO4, and offers a fresh template strategy for the synthesis of silver NCs with high symmetry.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalyzed Ring‐Closing C−O/C−O Metathesis of Aliphatic Ethers over Ionic Liquid under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhao Yanfei , Zhang Fengtao , Wu Yunyan , Li Ruipeng , Xiang Junfeng , Wang Zhenpeng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractO‐heterocycles have wide applications, and their efficient and green synthesis is very interesting. Herein, we report hydrogen‐bonding catalyzed ring‐closing metathesis of aliphatic ethers to O‐heterocycles over ionic liquid (IL) catalyst under metal‐ and solvent‐free conditions. The IL 1‐butylsulfonate‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([SO3H‐BMIm][OTf]) is discovered to show outstanding performance, better than the reported catalysts. An interface effect plays an important role in mediating the reaction rate due to the immiscibility between the products and the IL catalyst, and the products can be spontaneously separated. NMR analysis and DFT calculation suggest that a pair of cation and anion of [SO3H‐BMIm][OTf] could form three strong H‐bonds with an ether molecule, which catalyze the ether transformation via a cyclic oxonium intermediate. A series of O‐heterocycles including tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, morpholines and dioxane can be obtained from their corresponding ethers in excellent yields (e.g., >99 %). This work opens an efficient and metal‐free way to produce O‐heterocycles from aliphatic ethers.
A2SnS5: A Structural Incommensurate Modulation Exhibiting Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and a High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold (A=Ba, Sr)
Authors: Li Rui‐An , Zhou Zhengyang , Lian Yu‐Kun , Jia Fei , Jiang Xingxing , Tang Ming‐Cong , Wu Li‐Ming , Sun Junliang , Chen Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStructural modulations have been recently found to cause some unusual physical properties, such as superconductivity or charge density waves; however, thus‐induced nonlinear optical properties are rare. We report herein two unprecedented incommensurately modulated nonlinear optical sulfides exhibiting phase matching behavior, A2SnS5 (A=Ba, Sr), with the (3+1)D superspace groups P21212(00γ)00s or P21(α0γ)0, featuring different modulations of the [Sn2S7]∞ belts. Remarkably, Ba2SnS5 exhibits an excellent second harmonic generation (SHG) of 1.1 times that of the benchmark compound AgGaS2 at 1570 nm and a very large laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 8×AgGaS2. Theoretical studies revealed that the structural modulations increase the distortions of the Sn/S building units by about 44 or 25 % in A2SnS5 (A=Ba, Sr), respectively, and enhance significantly the SHG compared with α‐Ba2SnSe5 without modulation. Besides, despite the smaller Eg, the A2SnS5 samples exhibit higher LIDTs owing to their smaller thermal expansion anisotropies (Ba2SnS5 (1.51)<Sr2SnS5 (2.08)<AgGaS2 (2.97)).
Silylium‐Ion‐Promoted (5+1) Cycloaddition of Aryl‐Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes and Hydrosilanes Involving Aryl Migration
Authors: He Tao , Wang Guoqiang , Bonetti Vittorio , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free (5+1) cycloaddition of aryl‐substituted vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and hydrosilanes to afford silacyclohexanes is reported. Catalytic amounts of the trityl cation initiate the reaction by hydride abstraction from the hydrosilane, and further progress of the reaction is maintained by self‐regeneration of the silylium ions. The new reaction involves a [1,2] migration of an aryl group, eventually furnishing 4‐ rather than 3‐aryl‐substituted silacyclohexane derivatives as major products. Various control experiments and quantum‐chemical calculations support a mechanistic picture where a silylium ion intramolecularly stabilized by a cyclopropane ring can either undergo a kinetically favored concerted [1,2] aryl migration/ring expansion or engage in a cyclopropane‐to‐cyclopropane rearrangement.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [4+2] Cycloaddition of 2‐Methylidenetrimethylene Carbonate with Alkenes: Access to Chiral Tetrahydropyran‐Fused Spirocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Mao Biming , Liu Honglei , Yan Zhengyang , Xu Yi , Xu Jiaqing , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Guo Hongchao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+2] cycloaddition of 2‐methylidenetrimethylene carbonate with alkenes derived from pyrazolones, indandione, or barbiturate has been successfully developed, affording pharmacologically interesting chiral tetrahydropyran‐fused spirocyclic scaffolds. The target compounds were generated in good to excellent yields and with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Furthermore, this cycloaddition reaction could be efficiently scaled up, and several synthetic transformations were accomplished for the construction of other useful chiral spiropyrazolone and spiroindandione derivatives.
Strong Metal–Support Interactions between Pt Single Atoms and TiO2
Authors: Han Bing , Guo Yalin , Huang Yike , Xi Wei , Xu Jie , Luo Jun , Qi Haifeng , Ren Yujing , Liu Xiaoyan , Qiao Botao , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStrong metal–support interaction (SMSI) has gained great attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. However, whether single‐atom catalysts can exhibit SMSI remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SMSI can occur on TiO2‐supported Pt single atoms but at a much higher reduction temperature than that for Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Pt single atoms involved in SMSI are not covered by the TiO2 support nor do they sink into its subsurface. The suppression of CO adsorption on Pt single atoms stems from coordination saturation (18‐electron rule) rather than the physical coverage of Pt atoms by the support. Based on the new finding it is revealed that single atoms are the true active sites in the hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene, while Pt NPs barely contribute to the activity since the NP sites are selectively encapsulated. The findings in this work provide a new approach to study the active sites by tuning SMSI.
Synthesis of NiO Crystals Exposing Stable High‐Index Facets
Authors: Susman Mariano D. , Pham Hien N. , Zhao Xiaohui , West David H. , Chinta Sivadinarayana , Bollini Praveen , Datye Abhaya K. , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal oxides exposing high‐index facets are potentially impactful in catalysis and adsorption processes owing to under‐coordinated ions and polarities that alter their interfacial properties compared to low‐index facets. Here, we report molten‐salt syntheses of NiO particles exposing a variety of crystal facets. We show that for a given anion (nitrate or chloride), the alkali cation has a notable impact on the formation of crystals exposing {311}, {611}, {100}, and {111} faces. Based on a parametric analysis of synthesis conditions, we postulate that the crystallization mechanism is governed by the formation of growth units consisting of NiII complexes whose coordination numbers are determined by temperature and the selection of anion (associated to the coordination sphere) and alkali cation (associated with the outer coordination sphere). Notably, our findings reveal that high‐index facets are particularly favored in chloride media and are stable under prolonged periods of catalysis and steaming.
Pleiotropy in the Genetic Predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phenome‐Wide Association Study and Inverse Variance–Weighted Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kawai Vivian K. , Shi Mingjian , Feng Qiping , Chung Cecilia P. , Liu Ge , Cox Nancy J. , Jarvik Gail P. , Lee Ming T. M. , Hebbring Scott J. , Harley John B. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Namjou Bahram , Larson Eric , Gordon Adam S. , Roden Dan M. , Stein C. Michael , Mosley Jonathan D. ,   the eMERGE Investigators
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that a genetic predisposition toward rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of 10 cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders previously associated with RA in epidemiologic studies, and to define new genetic pleiotropy present in RA.MethodsTwo approaches were used to test our hypothesis. First, we constructed a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and then examined its association with 10 prespecified disorders. Additionally, a phenome‐wide association study (PheWAS) was carried out to identify potential new associations. Second, inverse variance–weighted regression (IVWR) meta‐analysis was used to characterize the association between genetic susceptibility to RA and the prespecified disorders, with the results expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThe wGRS for RA was significantly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.04–1.16]; P = 9.82 × 10−4) and multiple sclerosis (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.77–0.88]; P = 1.73 × 10−8), but not with other cardiometabolic phenotypes. In the PheWAS, wGRS was also associated with an increased risk of several autoimmune phenotypes including RA, thyroiditis, and systemic sclerosis, and with a decreased risk of demyelinating disorders. In the IVWR meta‐analyses, RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 1 DM (P = 1.15 × 10−14), with evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (Mendelian Randomization–Egger intercept estimate P = 0.001) likely driven by rs2476601, a PTPN22 variant. The association between type 1 DM and RA remained significant (P = 9.53 × 10−9) after excluding rs2476601, with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (intercept estimate P = 0.939). RA was also significantly associated with type 2 DM and C‐reactive protein levels. These associations were driven by variation in the major histocompatibility complex region.ConclusionThis study presents evidence of pleiotropy between the genetic predisposition to RA and associated phenotypes found in other autoimmune and cardiometabolic disorders, including type 1 DM.