bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SANPolyA: a deep learning method for identifying Poly(A) signals
Authors: Yu Haitao , Dai Zhiming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Polyadenylation plays a regulatory role in transcription. The recognition of polyadenylation signal (PAS) motif sequence is an important step in polyadenylation. In the past few years, some statistical machine learning-based and deep learning-based methods have been proposed for PAS identification. Although these methods predict PAS with success, there is room for their improvement on PAS identification.

Results
In this study, we proposed a deep neural network-based computational method, called SANPolyA, for identifying PAS in human and mouse genomes. SANPolyA requires no manually crafted sequence features. We compared our method SANPolyA with several previous PAS identification methods on several PAS benchmark datasets. Our results showed that SANPolyA outperforms the state-of-art methods. SANPolyA also showed good performance on leave-one-motif-out evaluation.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/yuht4/SANPolyA.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cognition, Health, and Social Support of Formerly Homeless Older Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: Souza Anita M , Tsai Jenny Hsin-Chin , Pike Kenneth C , Martin Francesca , McCurry Susan M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Formerly homeless older adults residing in Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) represent an invisible subsector of two distinct, yet related populations: the homeless population and the elderly population. Little research is focused on the complex health concerns facing this aging population within the homelessness response system. Of particular concern is the identification and support of individuals with cognitive impairment and co-occurring chronic conditions. We collaborated with a leading housing services provider to develop a systematic screening system for case managers to capture the cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health of older adults served within homeless housing programs.

Research Design and Methods
PSH residents aged ≥50 years in four sites screened as being without cognitive impairment on the Mini-Cog were enrolled. A brief demographic survey and selected PROMIS measures were used to characterize participants’ demographics, cognition, global physical and mental health, physical functioning, self-efficacy for social interactions, and instrumental support. PSH case managers were trained to recruit participants and collect data. PROMIS scales were scored using the Health Measures Scoring Service. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and one sample t-tests were performed.

Results
Fifty-three residents (mean age = 60.8 years, range 50–76 years) participated. The majority self-identified as male and were military veterans; 60% reported having a history of two or more episodes of homelessness. All PROMIS scores were significantly (p &lt; .05) lower than reference U.S. population means, with global mental health and cognition having the lowest scores.

Discussion and Implications
Self-reported cognitive functioning and global mental health were residents’ greatest concerns. Strengthening housing case manager capacity to assess residents’ cognitive and health status could increase support for older adults in PSH. It is feasible to train PSH staff to conduct structured interviews to identify resident cognitive and health needs to help support this “invisible” population to successfully age in place.
Hearing and Cognitive Impairments Increase the Risk of Long-term Care Admissions
Authors: Williams Nicole , Phillips Natalie A , Wittich Walter , Campos Jennifer L , Mick Paul , Orange Joseph B , Pichora-Fuller M Kathleen , Savundranayagam Marie Y , Guthrie Dawn M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The objective of the study was to understand how sensory impairments, alone or in combination with cognitive impairment (CI), relate to long-term care (LTC) admissions.

Research Design and Methods
This retrospective cohort study used existing information from two interRAI assessments; the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC) and the Minimum Data Set 2.0 (MDS 2.0), which were linked at the individual level for 371,696 unique individuals aged 65+ years. The exposure variables of interest included hearing impairment (HI), vision impairment (VI) and dual sensory impairment (DSI) ascertained at participants’ most recent RAI-HC assessment. The main outcome was admission to LTC. Survival analysis, using Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan–Meier curves, was used to identify risk factors associated with LTC admissions. Observations were censored if they remained in home care, died or were discharged somewhere other than to LTC.

Results
In this sample, 12.7% of clients were admitted to LTC, with a mean time to admission of 49.6 months (SE = 0.20). The main risk factor for LTC admission was a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s dementia (HR = 1.87; CI: 1.83, 1.90). A significant interaction between HI and CI was found, whereby individuals with HI but no CI had a slightly faster time to admission (40.5 months; HR = 1.14) versus clients with both HI and CI (44.9 months; HR = 2.11).

Discussion and Implications
Although CI increases the risk of LTC admission, HI is also important, making it is imperative to continue to screen for sensory issues among older home care clients.
After the Armada: thanksgiving in Ireland, 1589
Authors: Maginn Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Following the failure of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I ordered a formal and public thanksgiving for England’s deliverance. Soon after, the queen and her privy council determined that her kingdom of Ireland should also give thanks. This Irish thanksgiving, celebrated in late January 1589, represents a rare example of a government-ordered national event that sought to draw together Elizabeth’s subjects in Ireland to give thanks to God and to pray with one voice for their queen and the continued success of her reign. This article explores the circumstances surrounding Ireland’s first thanksgiving to see what this national day of commemoration can tell us about the state of English rule in later Elizabethan Ireland. The very fact that a public display of this kind was held in Ireland at all is significant. It was indicative of the confidence of a government which had at last exerted its control over most of Ireland and which could reasonably expect the queen’s subjects there to behave as they had in England.
The fortunes of urban fullers in fourteenth-century England*
Authors: Pajic Milan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the first half of the fourteenth century, for various reasons connected to the international market, urban clothmakers in England underwent a steady transition from producing light coarse cheap woollens, known as worsteds, towards producing heavily finished full woollens. One of the main beneficiaries of this shift were the urban fullers, as their economic position considerably improved relative to other textile trades. This article examines the development of their craft, looking at individual fullers in urban areas. It demonstrates how urban fullers rose to prominence throughout the fourteenth century.
‘Fake news’ – the perfect storm: historical perspectives*
Authors: Fox Jo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
What is ‘fake news’? Undoubtedly, the phenomenon has become one of the defining characteristics of our recent past – in 2016 Oxford Dictionaries defined ‘post-truth’ to be its ‘word of the year’. But what might its significance be 100 years from now, and how ‘new’ is ‘fake news’? This article reflects on propaganda in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to argue that we now face the ‘perfect storm’: the speed, scope and scale of modern communications, complicated by the uncertain status of social media as neither platform nor publisher and the hidden algorithms used to control the information we see; the building frustration of those who feel disempowered by elites; the desire of some to destabilize the entire social and political system through psychological warfare campaigns and by creating a situation where all views are of equal value regardless of the evidential base; where psychological warriors can operate under the radar in the largely unregulated ‘wild west’ of the internet. But what is genuinely new about this situation, and how might history help us to find appropriate solutions to ‘fake news’ within a liberal democracy?
Personality assessment in orthopaedic residency programs: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Salazar Dane , McGregor Patrick Cole , Varsanik Mary Alyssa , Perry Michael , Schiff Adam 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The use of personality-based assessments has become common practice across industries outside of medicine. Although widely used in the corporate arena, the use of personality testing in medicine is comparatively unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of personality assessment tools used by orthopaedic residency programs.

Methods:
Survey invitations were sent to 154 orthopaedic residency program directors from around the United States. The survey queried the use of personality assessment tools in each residency program. Participants also were asked their sentiments regarding the potential utility of personality assessment in their respective programs.

Results:
Of the 47 respondents, 42 program directors indicated they do not use any personality assessment in their residency program. Of the five directors answering in the affirmative, three use personality assessment to identify potential problems, two use it for mentorship selection and for investigational purposes. One director uses personality assessment in the evaluation of residency applicants. No program directors use the information to select clinical service teams. A majority indicated they are at least somewhat familiar with the Myers-Briggs personality inventory.

Conclusions:
Personality assessment is not a widely used tool in orthopaedic residency programs, with nearly 90% of program directors indicating they do not use it in their programs. However, nearly 70% of respondents indicated there is some utility for the use of personality testing in their residency. Future studies will be needed to further elucidate the barriers to wider spread utilization of personality assessment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Influence of Demographic Characteristics and Muscle Strength on the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale in Career Firefighters
Authors: Giuliani Hayden K. , Gerstner Gena R. , Mota Jacob A. , Ryan Eric D. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Little is known regarding how individual characteristics and changes in muscle strength across a shift cycle are associated with the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery scale in career firefighters.

Methods:
Thirty-two career firefighters completed lower body maximal strength testing prior to and following three 24-hour on-off shifts. Demographic data were collected prior to the first shift and the OFER15 questionnaire was completed following the last shift.

Results:
Increased age was associated with greater acute and chronic fatigue and poorer recovery. A positive percent change in strength following a shift cycle was related to better recovery. Age was the only significant predictor of acute and chronic fatigue, while age and the change in strength were significant predictors of inter-shift recovery.

Conclusions:
Increased age influences all dimensions of work-related fatigue, with changes in muscle strength influencing inter-shift recovery in career firefighters.
Choosing the right inhaler for the right patient: Considerations for effective management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma
Authors: Hoy Haley , O'Keefe Louise 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Effective management of chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma necessitates that patients inhale their medication. However, lack of detailed guidelines on the technological and mechanical functions of inhalers limits the ability of health care providers (HCPs) to personalize inhaler choice for patients. Numerous types of inhalers are currently available which offer their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Independent of the drug class, the choice of inhaler may be influenced by many factors (e.g., inhaler attributes and the efficiency with which it delivers the medication, patient characteristics and preferences, dosing regimen, clinical setting, and support available for both patients and HCPs). This article attempts to summarize the inhalation technology and factors influencing inhaler choice and use and to provide an approach for matching the right inhaler to the right patient.

Conclusions:
Identifying factors related to inhaler choice is critical to ensuring adherence to treatment and patients' ability to use their inhaler correctly.

Implications for practice:
This review will help HCPs engage their patients in decision-making for inhaler choice and facilitate selection of the correct inhaler for each patient (i.e., one that they will use).
Occupational lung diseases in the 21st century: the changing landscape and future challenges
Authors: Fazen Louis E. , Linde Brian , Redlich Carrie A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Occupational exposures remain an underrecognized and preventable cause of lung disease in high-income countries. The present review highlights the emergence of cleaning-related respiratory disease and the re-emergence of silicosis as examples of trends in occupational lung diseases in the 21st century.

Recent findings
Employment trends, such as the shift from large-scale manufacturing to a service economy, the growth of the healthcare sector, and changing consumer products have changed the spectrum of work-related lung diseases. Following decades of progress in reducing traditional hazards such as silica in U.S. workplaces, cases of advanced silicosis have recently re-emerged with the production of engineered stone countertops. With growth in the healthcare and service sectors in the United States, cleaning products have become an important cause of work-related asthma and have recently been associated with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women. However, these occupational lung diseases largely go unrecognized by practicing clinicians.

Summary
The present article highlights how changes in the economy and work structure can lead to new patterns of inhalational workplace hazards and respiratory disease, including cleaning-related respiratory disease and silicosis. Pulmonary clinicians need to be able to recognize and diagnose these occupational lung diseases, which requires a high index of suspicion and a careful occupational history.
Effects of protective factors on the depressive status of elderly people in Taiwan
Authors: Li Yang-Tzu , Tung Tao-Hsin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of protective factors on the relationship between crisis episodes and depression in the elderly population in Taiwan.
In this study, the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging was used as basis for a cross-sectional secondary data analysis. After eliminating respondents below the age of 65 years and those with missing values, 2426 samples were collected. Predictive variables, such as crisis episodes, personal resources, family ties, social participation, and social support, were investigated, and the dependent variable of “depression status” was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.
According to the results of regression analysis, the protective factors of self-assessed health (ß = −0.290, P < .001), instrumental support (ß = −0.153, P < .001), financial satisfaction (ß = −0.126, P < .001), emotional support (ß = −0.101, P < .001), crisis episodes (ß = 0.087, P < .001), support satisfaction (ß = −0.081, P < .001), leisure participation (ß = −0.053, P < .05), family ties (ß = −0.048, P < .05), and community participation (ß = −0.042, P < .05) had a significant effect on depression status. Moreover, leisure participation had a moderating effect on the relationship between crisis episodes and depression (ß = −0.07, P < .01). In addition, according to path analysis results, family ties had a significant negative predictive power on depression (β = −0.225, P < .001), as did social support (β = −0.978, P < .001). The predictive power of crisis episodes on depression through social support was 0.197 (−0.201 × −0.978 = 0.197, P < .001), and it was −0.324 (−0.331 × −0.978 = −0.324, P < .001) through social participation, which indicated that social support plays a mediating role between crisis episodes and depression and between social participation and depression.
Strengthening effective protective factors can improve the resilience of elderly people and enable them to cope with dilemmas rapidly and effectively when faced with crisis episodes as well as restore their health status and enjoy a satisfactory life.
Moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Wu Xiao , Gan Lu , Zhang Yong , Chen Bailu , Luo Jing , Yan Jue , Chen Guiquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological complaint among menstruating females. Acupuncture has been employed to relieve the pain-based symptoms and to avoid the side effects of conventional medication, especially, moxibustion has confirmed as an effective, convenient, and safe treatment for various types of menstrual pain. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the effect and safety of moxibustion for treating PD.

Methods and analysis:
The following databases will be searched from their inception to December 2019: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Wan-Fang Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Citation Information by National Institute of Informatics, Chinese Scientific Journal Database. Two reviewers will search these databases, select data and evaluate the quality of studies separately. The methodological quality will be measured by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The primary outcome is the pain degree evaluation including visual analog scale, numerical visual scale, verbal rating scale, Cox retrospective symptom scale, or any other scale used to evaluate the level of pain. And the response rate involved overall reduction in symptoms. The adverse effects, quality of life will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Risk ratio for dichotomous data and mean differences with a 95% confidence interval for continuous data will be adopted to express the effect and safety of moxibustion for PD.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019130141.
Effect of eight-section brocade on bone mineral density in middle age and elderly people
Authors: Tian Tianzhao , Cai Yingfeng , Zhou Jianpeng , Liu Baoxin , Chen Liye , Shi Min , Liang Haodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Physical therapy have an important role in preventing and managing osteoporosis (OP). A number of randomized controlled studies have indicated that eight-section brocade (ESB) could increase bone mass and alleviate pain, particularly in older women. However, there is no systematic review evaluating safety and efficacy of ESB.

Methods:
Relevant studies involving eight-section brocade in middle-aged and elderly individuals with osteoporosis were systematically identified from electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database, Chinese BioMedical Database, and Wanfang Data. Inclusion criteria are randomised controlled trials of eight-section brocade that examine function and bone metabolism in middle-aged and elderly individuals with OP. The primary outcome measures will be bone mineral density (BMD), balance capacity, pain score, and adverse event including fracture during exercise. Review Manager (Revman Version 5.3) software will be used for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta regression, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. A funnel plot will be developed to evaluate reporting bias and Begg and Egger tests will be used to assess funnel plot symmetries. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence.

Results:
This paper will systematically review the existing evidence, assessing the safety and effect of eight-section brocade in middle-aged and elderly individuals with OP.

Conclusion:
The results of this review may help to establish a better approach to prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in high-risk groups and to provide reliableevidence for its further application.

Ethics and dissemination:
Our aim is to publish this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal. Our findings will provide information about the safety of ESB exercises and their effect on BMD of middle-aged and elderly individuals. This review will not require ethical approval as there are no issues about participant privacy.
An investigation into the avoidability of adverse drug reactions using the LAAT and modified Hallas tools
Authors: Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud , Shokri Shaikha Al , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Malik Ashraf El , Abdallah Ibtihal Mahmoud Hassan , Shafei Mohamed Nabil El , Fatima Haajra , Mahmoud Mohamed , Hussain Tanweer , Maghoub Yahya , Sajid Jamal , Zouki Abdel Naser El 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An adverse drug reactions avoidability tool called the Liverpool ADR avoidability assessment tool (LAAT) was recently developed (for research purposes), and subsequently validated with mixed interrater reliability (IRR). We investigated the comparative IRR of this tool in an inpatient cohort to ascertain its practical application in this setting.
The patient population was comprised of 44 ADR drug pairs drawn from an observational prospective cohort of patents with ADR attending a Weill Cornell Medicine-affiliated tertiary medical Centre in Doha Qatar (Hamad General Hospital). Using the LAAT, and modified Hallas tools, 4 independent raters (2 Clinical Pharmacologists, and 2 General Physicians) assessed and scored the 44 ADR-drug pairs. Agreement proportions between the rating pairs were evaluated as well individual/overall kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients. We evaluated the weight of each of the 7 questions on the LAAT tool to ascertain its determinative role.
Across 44 ADR-drug pairs, the overall median Fleiss kappa using the LAAT, and modified Hallas tools were 0.67 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.55, 0.76), 0.36 (IQR, 0.23–0.71) respectively. The overall percentage pairwise agreement with the LAAT and modified Hallas tools were 78.5%, and 62.2% respectively. Exact pairwise agreement occurred in 37 out of 44 (range 0.71–1), and 27 of 44 (0.53–0.77) ADR-drug pairs using the LAAT and modified Hallas tools respectively. Using the LAAT tool, the overall intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68 (CI 0.55, 0.79), and 0.37 (CI 0.22, 0.53) with the modified Hallas tool.
We report a higher proportion of “possible” and “definite” avoidability outcomes of adverse drug reactions compared with the modified Hallas, or that reported by developers of the LAAT tool. Although initially developed for research purposes, our report has suggested for the first time a potential applicability of this tool in clinical environment as well.