bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Induced Modification of the Optical Characteristics of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Mendelson Noah , Doherty Marcus , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor , Tran Toan Trong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are promising building blocks for the realization of integrated quantum photonic systems. However, their spectral inhomogeneity currently limits their potential applications. Here, tensile strain is applied to quantum emitters embedded in few‐layer hBN films and both red and blue spectral shifts are realized with tuning magnitudes up to 65 meV, a record for any 2D quantum source. Reversible tuning of the emission and related photophysical properties is demonstrated. Rotation of the optical dipole in response to strain is also observed, suggesting the presence of a second excited state. A theoretical model is derived to describe strain‐based tuning in hBN, and the rotation of the optical dipole. The study demonstrates the immense potential for strain tuning of quantum emitters in layered materials to enable their employment in scalable quantum photonic networks.
Synthesis and Immobilization of Metal Nanoparticles Using Photoactive Polymer‐Decorated Zeolite L Crystals and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Wissing Maren , Niehues Maximilian , Ravoo Bart Jan , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA facile route to generate Au and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on zeolite L crystals decorated with photoactive polymer brushes is described. The polymers used in this approach serve a dual role: Upon irradiation with UV light, they release highly reducing ketyl radicals in a Norrish‐Type‐I reaction. These radicals serve as one electron donors to reduce metal salts to the corresponding metal NPs. At the same time the polymer shell stabilizes the in situ generated metal NPs. It is shown that the zeolite‐polymer‐NP composites can be used as recyclable catalysts for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes to Z‐alkenes. The polymer shell in these hybrid catalysts protects the NPs from aggregation and also alters their catalytic properties.magnified image
Investigating the concordance in molecular subtypes of primary colorectal tumors and their matched synchronous liver metastasis
Authors: Schlicker Andreas , Ellappalayam Architha , Beumer Ines J. , Snel Mireille H. J. , Mittempergher Lorenza , Diosdado Begona , Dreezen Christa , Tian Sun , Salazar Ramon , Loupakis Fotios , Pietrantonio Filippo , Santos Vivas Cristina , Martinez‐Villacampa Maria Mercedes , Villanueva Alberto , Sanjuán Xavier , Schirripa Marta , Fassan Matteo , Martinetti Antonia , Fucà Giovanni , Lonardi Sara , Keilholz Ulrich , Glas Annuska M. , Bernards René , Vecchione Loredana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo date, no systematic analyses are available assessing concordance of molecular classifications between primary tumors (PT) and matched liver metastases (LM) of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated concordance between PT and LM for four clinically relevant CRC gene signatures. Twenty‐seven fresh and 55 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded pairs of PT and synchronous LM of untreated mCRC patients were retrospectively collected and classified according to the MSI‐like, BRAF‐like, TGFB activated‐like and the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) classification. We investigated classification concordance between PT and LM and association of TGFBa‐like and CMS classification with overall survival. Fifty‐one successfully profiled matched pairs were used for analyses. PT and matched LM were highly concordant in terms of BRAF‐like and MSI‐like signatures, (90.2% and 98% concordance, respectively). In contrast, 40% to 70% of PT that were classified as mesenchymal‐like, based on the CMS and the TGFBa‐like signature, respectively, lost this phenotype in their matched LM (60.8% and 76.5% concordance, respectively). This molecular switch was independent of the microenvironment composition. In addition, the significant change in subtypes was observed also by using methods developed to detect cancer cell‐intrinsic subtypes. More importantly, the molecular switch did not influence the survival. PT classified as mesenchymal had worse survival as compared to nonmesenchymal PT (CMS4 vs CMS2, hazard ratio [HR] = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.5‐18.5, P = .0048; TGFBa‐like vs TGFBi‐like, HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1‐5.6, P = .028). The same was not true for LM. Our study highlights that the origin of the tissue may have major consequences for precision medicine in mCRC.
Selling rights: Changes and challenges for rights professionals
Authors: Hodder Clare 
Published: April 2020

Key points
The new edition of Selling Rights by Lynette Owen is an opportunity to pause and take stock of the changes and challenges for rights people at the turn of the decade.
Revenues accruing to UK publishers from rights sales has increased by over 22% in the past 5 years.
The recent and controversial European Union Copyright Directive and Brexit will undoubtedly impact selling rights, but as yet, we do not know what that impact will be.
Technology plays a role both in changing the kinds of rights being licensed and in helping the management of rights sales to be carried out more efficiently.
It is vital that rights metadata is developed and implemented to ensure improved efficiency in rights management.
Rights Management Practice will need to evolve in response to the climate emergency.
Risk of thrombotic events after inpatient intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange for neurologic disease: A case‐crossover study
Authors: Jin Peter H. , Shin Susan C. , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionOur aim in this study was to determine whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange (PLEx) for treatment of neurologic disease is a trigger for thrombotic events.MethodsUsing administrative data from 2005 to 2014, we identified index admissions for thrombotic events. We performed case‐crossover analyses for these admissions with previous admissions for neurologic disease with IVIg or PLEx using exposure periods of between 7 and 120 days.ResultsWe identified 1.9 million admissions for venous thrombosis embolism, myocardial infarction, or acute ischemic stroke. The odds ratio for venous thrombosis embolism within a 30‐day window after exposure to IVIg was 3.33 (1.34–8.30, P = .0097) and for PLEx was 4.29 (1.88–9.76, P = .0005). Myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke admissions were not associated with exposure to either therapy.DiscussionPatients admitted for venous thrombosis embolism (but not acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction) were more likely exposed to either IVIg or PLEx during previous admission for neurologic disease.
SICs: Some Explanations
Authors: Bengtsson Ingemar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe problem of constructing maximal equiangular tight frames or SICs was raised by Zauner in 1998. Four years ago it was realized that the problem is closely connected to a major open problem in number theory. We discuss why such a connection was perhaps to be expected, and give a simplified sketch of some developments that have taken place in the past 4 years. The aim, so far unfulfilled, is to prove existence of SICs in an infinite sequence of dimensions.
Schutzkonzepte in der Pflegekinderhilfe
Authors: Husmann Laura , Rusack Tanja 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Forschungsprojekt „FosterCare“ werden im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung und Implementierung von Schutzkonzepten in der Pflegekinderhilfe und die Verwirklichung von Rechten junger Menschen in Pflegefamilien Reformbedarfe in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe aufgezeigt.
Educating the Public on Hemorrhage Control: Methods and Challenges of a Public Health Initiative
Authors: Humar P. , Goolsby C. A. , Forsythe R. M. , Reynolds B. , Murray K. M. , Bertoty D. , Peitzman A. B. , Neal M. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe aim to determine the various models of training and identify educational strategies that would be efficacious in teaching bleeding control to the public.Recent FindingsRecent studies have examined various educational strategies of bleeding control education including lectures, web-based classes, and hands-on training. The effectiveness of these trainings can not only be measured in increases in knowledge, but also in feelings of confidence, preparedness, and willingness to assist in a bleeding emergency. When looking at retention or skills and knowledge, we found that multiple studies showed decreases in ability to stop life-threatening bleeding when retested weeks or months after training. These issues of retention and a lack of education in general lead to a discussion about the possible benefits of having just-in-time (JiT) information during a bleeding emergency.SummaryBased on the recent findings, bleeding control trainings have proven to be a very effective method of providing the general public with necessary skills. Therefore, moving forward, it is crucial to look at retention and the use of JiT information in longitudinal studies.
Is the Religious Left Resurgent?
Authors: Baker Joseph O , Martí Gerardo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Journalistic sources seem to suggest that there has been a resurgence of the American Religious Left (i.e., politically liberal Christians who support progressive agendas) in the wake of the strong support from the conservative Christian right in the 2016 presidential election of Donald J. Trump. Using quantitative analysis, we draw on survey data from the General Social Survey, the Public Religion Research Institute, and the National Congregations Study to assess the possibility of a resurgence among the Religious Left. In comparison with a speculated rise, our analysis indicates a notable decline in both the prevalence and engagement of Americans who self-identify as both religious and politically liberal. Not only is the constituency of the Religious Left shrinking, they have also been steadily disengaging from political activity in the last decade. Especially when looking at more recent elections, it has been those among the Secular Left who have been the most politically engaged. We summarize these empirical patterns in relation to the Religious Right and consider the potential for influence among the Religious Left aside from electoral politics. We also briefly consider other possibilities for their political impact and reflect on the inadequacy of the label “Religious Left” for capturing important dynamics. In the end, we urge greater attention to politics among sociologists of religion, providing a set of research questions to consider in light of the upcoming American 2020 national election.
Fast, Easy, and Good: Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities in Psychiatry Residents With a Mobile App
Authors: Young John Q. , McClure Matthew 
Published: April 2020

Problem
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) can be used to operationalize competency-based medical education. Mobile apps can efficiently capture feedback based on direct observation. To leverage the benefits of both, the authors developed an assessment tool that combines EPAs with mobile technology.

Approach
The authors designed an app to collect EPA data based on direct observation using human–technology interface guidelines. Data collected in the app included: name of resident, the 13 end-of-training EPAs for psychiatry, entrustment ratings, and corrective narrative feedback. The app was implemented in an outpatient continuity clinic for second-year psychiatry residents over a 10-month period between September 2017 and June 2018. Ten faculty–resident dyads piloted the app. To assess the feasibility, utility, and validity of this intervention, the authors examined 3 outcomes: (1) utilization (mean time to complete each assessment; percentage of dyads who completed 10 assessments), (2) quality of the comments (proportion of comments that were behaviorally specific and actionable), and (3) correlation between entrustment level and resident experience (defined as days elapsed since the beginning of the experience).

Outcomes
A total of 99 assessments were completed during the pilot. Mean time to complete an assessment was 76 seconds (standard deviation = 50 seconds, median = 67 seconds). Only 6 of the 10 dyads completed at least 10 assessments. Of all comments, 95% (94) were behaviorally specific and actionable and 91% (90) were corrective. Entrustment scores correlated moderately with resident experience (r = 0.43, P < .001).

Next Steps
The authors’ EPA mobile app was efficient, generated high-quality feedback, and produced entrustment scores that improved as the residents gained experience. Challenges included uneven adoption. Looking forward, the authors plan to examine the enablers and barriers to adoption from an implementation science perspective.
Evaluation of the Minimum Clinically Important Differences of the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Fukushima Masayoshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Oshima Yasushi , Yuzawa Yohei , Matsudaira Ko , Tanaka Sakae , Inanami Hirohiko 
Published: April 2020

Study Design:
A case-control study.

Object:
This study aimed to evaluate the minimally clinically important differences (MCIDs) of the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) after microendoscopic laminectomy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of Background Data:
The ZCQ is a self-administered tool used to evaluate symptom severity and physical function in patients with LSS. It has been used in many studies worldwide. However, the MCIDs of the ZCQ have not yet been determined.

Materials and Methods:
The study sample consisted of 514 patients who underwent microendoscopic laminectomy for LSS at our hospital between March 2012 and May 2014. The ZCQ, which includes 7 items for symptom severity (scored from 1 to 5) and 5 items for functional disability (scored from 1 to 4), was administered preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The MCID was calculated by 4 approaches, including average change, minimum detectable change, change difference, and receiver operating characteristic curve. The authors calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the accuracy of the receiver operating characteristic curve. The responsiveness of each measurement was then analyzed.

Results:
The authors were able to administer the ZCQ at 1-year postoperatively in 349 patients. The ZCQ score was statistically significantly improved 1-year postoperatively. The MCID of ZCQ for symptom severity varied from 0.75 to 0.84, whereas the MCID of the ZCQ score for functional disability varied from 0.60 to 0.76. The AUC of the ZCQ for symptom severity was 0.81 and that for functional disability was 0.80.

Conclusions:
This study showed that the MCID of the ZCQ for symptom severity varied from 0.75 to 0.84 and the MCID for functional disability varied from 0.60 to 0.76. In addition, each AUC was over 0.80, indicating that MCIDs of the ZCQ were found to have a high diagnostic performance.
Photoaging Reversibility in Asian Patients With Melasma Treated Using Picosecond Lasers With a Diffractive Lens Array: A 1-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Erh-Ti , Chiang Hsiu-Mei , Lin Bor-Shyh , Huang Yung-Hsueh , Chang Chang-Cheng 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND
Picosecond lasers appear to be effective and safe in treating pigmentation and photoaging disorders through laser-induced optical breakdown.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the feasibility of photorejuvenation using picosecond lasers with diffractive lens array (DLA) in patients with melasma.

METHODS
Ten Asian (N = 10) women with melasma and Fitzpatrick skin Type IV were enrolled and treated using 755-nm picosecond alexandrite lasers with DLA. All individuals were assessed before treatment, and at 12, 20 weeks, and 1 year by post-hoc test on melasma area and severity index (MASI) and with VISIA Complexion Analysis System using percentile rank for measurement.

RESULTS
The median participant age was 46.5 years. The average MASI continually and significantly (p < .05) decreased until the 1-year follow-up, with the photoaging characteristics, such as wrinkles and red areas improving simultaneously (p < .05). Spots, texture, pores, ultraviolet (UV) spots, brown spots, and porphyrins exhibited alleviation, but this improvement relapsed by the 1-year follow-up. No postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation occurred.

CONCLUSION
In patients with melasma, picosecond laser treatment with DLA may alleviate pigmentation disorder and the related photoaging characteristics (e.g., wrinkled skin and increased vascularity), and the effects may be maintained for a long time. Nevertheless, post-treatment clinical visits every 3 to 6 months are recommended.
Cholesterol efflux capacity in coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Huiming , Xu Guiyu , Ren Lihui , Peng Jianjun 
Published: April 2020

Objective
To quantitatively analyze the association between cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and the risk and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
A systematic search of electronic databases for studies published until September 2019 was performed. Cohorts, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of CEC on the risk and prognosis of CAD were included.

Results
Eighteen studies with 12 685 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Among them, 14 studies reported the CEC in non-CAD and CAD groups, and eight studies reported the association between CEC and risk of CAD. Four studies reported the prognosis of stable CAD or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the pooled analyses, significantly decreased CEC was found in patients with stable CAD as compared with those without CAD. Decreased CEC was also present in subgroup in patients with ACS. High CEC was significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.75, P < 0.001]. High CEC predicted lower all-cause mortality (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20–0.77, P = 0.007) and cardiovascular mortality (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.90, P = 0.03) in patients with CAD. However, CEC failed to predict the occurrence of stroke and myocardial infraction in patients with CAD.

Conclusions
Decreased CEC is an independent risk factor for CAD, and it predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD.
Proof of concept of a novelex vivo, in situmethod for MRI and histological brain assessment
Authors: Maranzano Josefina , Dadar Mahsa , Bertrand-Grenier Antony , Frigon Eve-Marie , Pellerin Johanne , Plante Sophie , Duchesne Simon , Tardif Christine L. , Boire Denis , Bronchti Gilles 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMRI-histology correlation studies of theex vivobrain mostly employ fresh, extracted (ex situ) specimens, aldehyde fixed by immersion. This method entails manipulation of the fresh brain during extraction, introducing several disadvantages: deformation of the specimen prior to MRI acquisition; introduction of air bubbles in the sulci, creating artifacts; and uneven or poor fixation of the deeper regions of the brain.We propose a new paradigm to scan theex vivobrain, exploiting a technique used by anatomists: fixation by whole body perfusion, which implies fixation of the brainin situ. This allows scanning the brain surrounded by fluids, meninges, and skull, thus preserving the structural relationships of the brainin vivoand avoiding the disadvantages ofex situscanning. Our aims were: 1) to assess whether months ofin situfixation resulted in a loss of fluid around the brain; 2) to evaluate whetherin situfixation modified antigenicity for myelin and neuron specific marker; 3) to assess whetherin situfixation improved the register ofex vivobrain images to standard neuroanatomical templates in pseudo-Talairach space for morphometry studies.Five head specimens fixed with a saturated sodium chloride solution (a non-standard fixative used in our anatomy laboratory for neurosurgical simulation) were employed. We acquired 3D T1-weighted (MPRAGE), 2D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2w-FLAIR), and 3D gradient-echo (3D-GRE) pulse sequences of all brains on a 1.5T MRI. After brain extraction, sections were processed for binding with myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) primary antibodies by immunofluorescence.This study showed that all but one specimen retained fluids in the subarachnoid and ventricular spaces. The specimen that lost fluid was the oldest one, with the longest interval between the time of death and the MRI scanning day being 403 days. All T1-weighted images were successfully processed through a validated pipeline used within vivoMRIs. The pipeline did not require any modification to run on theex vivo-in situscans. All scans were successfully registered to the brain template, more accurately than anex vivo-ex situscan and exhibited positive antigenicity for MBP and NeuN.MRI and histology study of theex vivo-in situbrain fixed by perfusion is feasible and allows forin situMRI imaging for of at least 10 months post-mortem prior to histology analyses. Fluids around and inside the brain specimens and antigenicity for myelin and neurons were all well preserved.
Intercontinental test of constraint‐breaking adaptations: Testing behavioural plasticity in the face of a predator with novel hunting strategies
Authors: Bleicher Sonny S. , Kotler Burt P. , Downs Cynthia J. , Brown Joel S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Constraint‐breaking adaptations are evolutionary tools that provide a mechanism for incumbent‐replacement between species filling similar ecological roles.

In common‐garden experiments, we exposed populations of two desert rodents to two different viper species, testing their ability to adjust to novel predators that use different hunting strategies. We aimed to understand whether both predators and prey with constraint‐breaking adaptations actually manifest comparative advantage over their counterparts.

We used convergent species from desert dunes in the Mojave Desert in North America, Merriam's kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami and the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes, and from the Negev Desert in the Middle East, the greater Egyptian gerbil Gerbillus pyramidum and the Saharan horned viper Cerastes cerastes. Both Mojave species hold constraint‐breaking adaptations in relation to their counterparts from the Negev. The rattlesnakes have heat sensing organs (pits) and the kangaroo rats have fur‐lined cheek pouches that allow for greater foraging efficiency and food preservation. Using patch‐use theory, we evaluated the rodents' risk‐assessment from each snake—separately, together and in combination with barn owls.

Initially each rodent species foraged less in the presence of its familiar snake, but within a month both foraged less in the presence of the pit‐viper (sidewinder).

Our findings indicate a level of learning, and behavioural plasticity, in both rodents and ability to assess the risk from novel predators. The kangaroo rats were capable of harvesting far greater amounts of resources under the same conditions of elevated risk. However, the reason for their advantage may lie in bi‐pedal agility and not only their ability collect food more efficiently.