bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of pumpkin peel extract using supercritical CO2 and subcritical water technology: Enhancing oxidative stability of canola oil
Authors: Salami Azadeh , Asefi Narmela , Kenari Reza Esmaeilzadeh , Gharekhani Mehdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, subcritical water extraction (SWE) and the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods were used for the extraction of pumpkin peel extract. Total phenolic content and carotenoid compounds of extracts were measured. The extracts were added to canola oil at a concentration of 400 ppm and were stored at 30 °C for 60 days. The peroxide, carbonyl and acid values of the oil samples were measured, then compared with 100 ppm of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) synthetic antioxidants. The results showed that the total phenol content of obtained extract by SFE (353.5 mg GA/100 g extract) was higher than by SWE (213.6 mg GA/100 g extract), while the carotenoid content was higher for obtained extract by SWE (15.22 mg/100 g extract) compared to SFE (11.48 mg/100 g extract). The result of oil oxidation showed that the oxidative stability of the oil containing the mixed extract (SFE–SWE) is higher than the separate extract, consequently showing higher performance in preventing oil oxidation compared to TBHQ.
Microstructure and luminescent properties of Eu3+-activated MgGa2O4:Mn2+ ceramic phosphors
Authors: Luchechko A. , Shpotyuk Y. , Kravets O. , Zaremba O. , Szmuc K. , Cebulski J. , Ingram A. , Golovchak R. , Shpotyuk O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMn2+ and the trivalent europium (Eu3+)-doped MgGa2O4 ceramics are characterized using a multi-experimental approach. The formation of spinel-structured ceramics is ascertained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphology investigations with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show irregularly shaped grains and grain boundaries with a homogeneous distribution of Eu3+ ions. The inability of Eu activator to penetrate the bulk of ceramic grains is inferred from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy data. The Eu doping is shown to enhance the positron trapping rate due to the occupancy of vacancy-type defects at ceramic grains by Eu3+ ions. Both Mn2+ and Eu3+ doped samples show a broad multi-color luminescence in 350–650 nm range under 240 nm and 270–300 nm excitations. Blue emission is concluded to originate from host defects, whereas green emission and narrow lines in the red region of the spectrum are attributed to Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions, respectively. High asymmetry around Eu3+ ions can be concluded from the photoluminescence and positron annihilation lifetime spectra analysis.
Researching the political economy of adult learning systems. Theoretical amendments and empirical findings
Authors: Schemmann Michael , Herbrechter Dörthe , Engels Martina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article relates to different approaches which emphasize a multi-level perspective as well as the institutional conditions that shape adult education. With reference to both the political economy approach and the governance perspective, it is outlined how these more general approaches can be theoretically amended by neo-institutional ideas especially when considering the institutional conditions that shape adult education at an organizational level. Based on a re-analysis of interview data, the findings provide first empirical indications of how institutional conditions of adult education organizations (e.g. the actors involved and their institutionalized relationships of interdependency) can be further specified when neo-institutional ideas are taken into account.
DNA double-strand break end resection: a critical relay point for determining the pathway of repair and signaling
Authors: Katsuki Yoko , Jeggo Penny A. , Uchihara Yuki , Takata Minoru , Shibata Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA DNA double-strand break (DSB) is considered the most critical DNA lesion because it causes cell death and severe mutations if it is not repaired or repaired incorrectly. Accumulating evidence has shown that the majority of DSBs are repaired by DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), the first utilized repair pathway in human cells. In contrast, the repair pathway is sometimes diverted into using homologous recombination (HR), which has increased precision under specific circumstances: e.g., when DSBs are generated at transcriptionally active loci or are not readily repaired due to the complexity of damage at the DSB ends or due to highly compacted chromatin. DSB end resection (resection) is considered the most critical turning point for directing repair towards HR. After resection, the HR process is finalized by RAD51 loading and recombination. Thus, understanding the process of resection is critically important to understand the regulation of the choice of DSB repair pathway. In addition, resection is also an important factor influencing DNA damage signaling because unresected ends preferentially activate ATM, whereas longer resected ends activate ATR. Thus, DSB end resection is a key relay point that determines the repair pathway and the signal balance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism underlying DSB end resection and further discuss how it is involved in cancer therapy.
Jam v International Finance Corporation: The US Supreme Court Decision and its Aftermath
Authors: SIMONS Marco , GRAZIANO MacKennan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA year ago, in Jam v International Finance Corporation, fishing and farming families from rural India achieved a historic US Supreme Court victory over one of the world’s largest financial institutions. The Supreme Court decided that the World Bank Group, and similar international organizations, do not automatically enjoy ‘absolute’ immunity from suit, but instead can be sued under the same circumstances as foreign governments can be sued in United States (US) courts – including suits based on their commercial activities in the US.
Dynamic network prediction
Authors: Goyal Ravi , De Gruttola Victor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a statistical framework for generating predicted dynamic networks based on the observed evolution of social relationships in a population. The framework includes a novel and flexible procedure to sample dynamic networks given a probability distribution on evolving network properties; it permits the use of a broad class of approaches to model trends, seasonal variability, uncertainty, and changes in population composition. Current methods do not account for the variability in the observed historical networks when predicting the network structure; the proposed method provides a principled approach to incorporate uncertainty in prediction. This advance aids in the designing of network-based interventions, as development of such interventions often requires prediction of the network structure in the presence and absence of the intervention. Two simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of generating predicted networks when designing network-based interventions. The framework is also illustrated by investigating results of potential interventions on bill passage rates using a dynamic network that represents the sponsor/co-sponsor relationships among senators derived from bills introduced in the U.S. Senate from 2003 to 2016.
Dosimetric evaluation of 3 and/or 4 field radiation therapy of breast cancers: clinical experience
Authors: Osei Ernest , Dang Susan , Darko Johnson , Fleming Katrina , Rachakonda Ramana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Canadian women. Surgery is often the first line of treatment for low-risk early stage patients, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy to reduce the risk of local recurrence and prevent metastasis after lumpectomy or mastectomy. For high-risk patients with node positive disease or are at greater risk of nodal metastasis, radiation therapy will involve treatment of the intact breast or chest-wall as well as the regional lymph nodes.Materials and methods:We retrospectively evaluated the treatment plans of 354 patients with breast cancer with nodes positive or were at high risk of nodal involvement treated at our cancer centre. All patients were treated with a prescription dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the intact breast or chest-wall and 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the supraclavicular region and, based on patient suitability and tolerance, were treated either using the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) or free-breathing (FB) techniques.Results:Based on patient suitability and tolerance, 130 (36·7%) patients were treated with DIBH and 224 (63·3%) with FB techniques. There were 169 (47·7%) patients treated with intact breast, whereas 185 (52·3%) were treated for post-mastectomy chest-wall. The mean PTV_eval V92%, V95%, V100% and V105% for all patients are 99·4 ± 0·7, 97·6 ± 1·6, 74·8 ± 7·9 and 1·5 ± 3·2%, respectively. The mean ipsilateral lung V10Gy, V20Gy and V30Gy are 30·0 ± 5·3, 22·4 ± 4·7 and 18·4 ± 4·3% for intact breast and 30·9 ± 5·8, 23·5 ± 5·4 and 19·4 ± 5·0% for post-mastectomy patients with FB, respectively. The corresponding values for patients treated using DIBH are 26·3 ± 5·9, 18·9 ± 5·0 and 15·6 ± 4·7% for intact breast and 27·5 ± 6·5, 20·6 ± 5·7 and 17·1 ± 5·2% for post-mastectomy patients, respectively. The mean heart V10Gy, V20Gy, is 1·8 ± 1·7, 0·9 ± 1·0 for intact breast and 3·1 ± 2·2, 1·7 ± 1·6 for post-mastectomy patients with FB, respectively. The corresponding values with the DIBH are 0·5 ± 0·7, 0·1 ± 0·4 for intact breast and 1·1 ± 1·4, 0·4 ± 0·7 for post-mastectomy patients, respectively.Conclusion:The use of 3 and/or 4 field hybrid intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique for radiation therapy of high-risk node positive breast cancer patients provides an efficient and reliable method for achieving superior dose uniformity, conformity and homogeneity in the breast or post-mastectomy chest-wall volume with minimal doses to the organs at risk. The development and implementation of a consistent treatment plan acceptability criteria in radiotherapy programmes would establish an evaluation process to define a consistent, standardised and transparent treatment path for all patients that would reduce significant variations in the acceptability of treatment plans.
INTS10–INTS13–INTS14 form a functional module of Integrator that binds nucleic acids and the cleavage module
Authors: Sabath Kevin , Stäubli Melanie L. , Marti Sabrina , Leitner Alexander , Moes Murielle , Jonas Stefanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Integrator complex processes 3′-ends of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Furthermore, it regulates transcription of protein coding genes by terminating transcription after unstable pausing. The molecular basis for Integrator’s functions remains obscure. Here, we show that INTS10, Asunder/INTS13 and INTS14 form a separable, functional Integrator module. The structure of INTS13-INTS14 reveals a strongly entwined complex with a unique chain interlink. Unexpected structural homology to the Ku70-Ku80 DNA repair complex suggests nucleic acid affinity. Indeed, the module displays affinity for DNA and RNA but prefers RNA hairpins. While the module plays an accessory role in snRNA maturation, it has a stronger influence on transcription termination after pausing. Asunder/INTS13 directly binds Integrator’s cleavage module via a conserved C-terminal motif that is involved in snRNA processing and required for spermatogenesis. Collectively, our data establish INTS10-INTS13-INTS14 as a nucleic acid-binding module and suggest that it brings cleavage module and target transcripts into proximity.
A supervised learning framework for chromatin loop detection in genome-wide contact maps
Authors: Salameh Tarik J. , Wang Xiaotao , Song Fan , Zhang Bo , Wright Sage M. , Khunsriraksakul Chachrit , Ruan Yijun , Yue Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurately predicting chromatin loops from genome-wide interaction matrices such as Hi-C data is critical to deepening our understanding of proper gene regulation. Current approaches are mainly focused on searching for statistically enriched dots on a genome-wide map. However, given the availability of orthogonal data types such as ChIA-PET, HiChIP, Capture Hi-C, and high-throughput imaging, a supervised learning approach could facilitate the discovery of a comprehensive set of chromatin interactions. Here, we present Peakachu, a Random Forest classification framework that predicts chromatin loops from genome-wide contact maps. We compare Peakachu with current enrichment-based approaches, and find that Peakachu identifies a unique set of short-range interactions. We show that our models perform well in different platforms, across different sequencing depths, and across different species. We apply this framework to predict chromatin loops in 56 Hi-C datasets, and release the results at the 3D Genome Browser.
EEF1A1 deacetylation enables transcriptional activation of remyelination
Authors: Duman Mert , Vaquié Adrien , Nocera Gianluigi , Heller Manfred , Stumpe Michael , Siva Sankar Devanarayanan , Dengjel Jörn , Meijer Dies , Yamaguchi Teppei , Matthias Patrick , Zeis Thomas , Schaeren-Wiemers Nicole , Hayoz Antoinette , Ruff Sophie , Jacob Claire 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRemyelination of the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively) is a prerequisite for functional recovery after lesion. However, this process is not always optimal and becomes inefficient in the course of multiple sclerosis. Here we show that, when acetylated, eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) negatively regulates PNS and CNS remyelination. Acetylated eEF1A1 (Ac-eEF1A1) translocates into the nucleus of myelinating cells where it binds to Sox10, a key transcription factor for PNS and CNS myelination and remyelination, to drag Sox10 out of the nucleus. We show that the lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 acetylates eEF1A1, whereas the histone deacetylase HDAC2 deacetylates eEF1A1. Promoting eEF1A1 deacetylation maintains the activation of Sox10 target genes and increases PNS and CNS remyelination efficiency. Taken together, these data identify a major mechanism of Sox10 regulation, which appears promising for future translational studies on PNS and CNS remyelination.
The structures of two archaeal type IV pili illuminate evolutionary relationships
Authors: Wang Fengbin , Baquero Diana P. , Su Zhangli , Beltran Leticia C. , Prangishvili David , Krupovic Mart , Egelman Edward H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have determined the cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structures of two archaeal type IV pili (T4P), from Pyrobaculum arsenaticum and Saccharolobus solfataricus, at 3.8 Å and 3.4 Å resolution, respectively. This triples the number of high resolution archaeal T4P structures, and allows us to pinpoint the evolutionary divergence of bacterial T4P, archaeal T4P and archaeal flagellar filaments. We suggest that extensive glycosylation previously observed in T4P of Sulfolobus islandicus is a response to an acidic environment, as at even higher temperatures in a neutral environment much less glycosylation is present for Pyrobaculum than for Sulfolobus and Saccharolobus pili. Consequently, the Pyrobaculum filaments do not display the remarkable stability of the Sulfolobus filaments in vitro. We identify the Saccharolobus and Pyrobaculum T4P as host receptors recognized by rudivirus SSRV1 and tristromavirus PFV2, respectively. Our results illuminate the evolutionary relationships among bacterial and archaeal T4P filaments and provide insights into archaeal virus-host interactions.
Photo-oxidation of PE-HD affecting polymer/fuel interaction and bacterial attachment
Authors: Erdmann Maren , Kleinbub Sherin , Wachtendorf Volker , Schutter Jan David , Niebergall Ute , Böhning Martin , Koerdt Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a simple approach was used to investigate the effect of UV-exposure on two high density polyethylene materials (PE-HD), commonly used for storage tanks, on fuel sorption behavior and colonization by microorganisms. The aim was to investigate whether the sorption behavior of the fuels (diesel/biodiesel) and the colonization by microorganisms, frequently occurring in the fuel, is affected and may lead to undesirable or safety-relevant material changes. We showed that the UV-irradiation leads to significant changes of the sorption behavior due to chemi-crystallization and crosslinking. The fuel sorption is affected by the UV-induced formation of polar carbonyl and hydroxyl groups predominantly occurring at the surface. With respect to microbial colonization behavior forBacillus subtilisandPseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a contaminated diesel sample, differences of the initial adhesion could be shown depending on the initial type of polyethylene as well as on the degree of UV-induced degradation.
TGF-β regulates Sca-1 expression and plasticity of pre-neoplastic mammary epithelial stem cells
Authors: Remšík Ján , Pícková Markéta , Vacek Ondřej , Fedr Radek , Binó Lucia , Hampl Aleš , Souček Karel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, in tight association with stemness, contributes to the mammary gland homeostasis, evolution of early neoplastic lesions and cancer dissemination. Focused on cell surfaceome, we used mouse models of pre-neoplastic mammary epithelial and cancer stem cells to reveal the connection between cell surface markers and distinct cell phenotypes. We mechanistically dissected the TGF-β family-driven regulation of Sca-1, one of the most commonly used adult stem cell markers. We further provided evidence that TGF-β disrupts the lineage commitment and promotes the accumulation of tumor-initiating cells in pre-neoplastic cells.
Semimytilus algosus: first known hermaphroditic mussel with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Lubośny Marek , Przyłucka Aleksandra , Śmietanka Beata , Burzyński Artur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondrial DNA is a rare phenomenon occurring in some freshwater and marine bivalves and is usually characterized by the mitochondrial heteroplasmy of male individuals. Previous research on freshwater Unionida mussels showed that hermaphroditic species do not have DUI even if their closest gonochoristic counterparts do. No records showing DUI in a hermaphrodite have ever been reported. Here we show for the first time that the hermaphroditic musselSemimytilus algosus(Mytilida), very likely has DUI, based on the complete sequences of both mitochondrial DNAs and the distribution of mtDNA types between male and female gonads. The two mitogenomes show considerable divergence (34.7%). The presumably paternal M type mitogenome dominated the male gonads of most studied mussels, while remaining at very low or undetectable levels in the female gonads of the same individuals. If indeed DUI can function in the context of simultaneous hermaphroditism, a change of paradigm regarding its involvement in sex determination is needed. It is apparently associated with gonadal differentiation rather than with sex determination in bivalves.
Multivariable logistic and linear regression models for identification of clinically useful biomarkers for osteoarthritis
Authors: Liem Yulia , Judge Andrew , Kirwan John , Ourradi Khadija , Li Yunfei , Sharif Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease which causes substantial joint pain, deformity and loss of activities of daily living. Currently, there are over 500 million OA cases worldwide, and there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for early detection, and monitoring disease progression in patients without obvious radiographic damage to the joint. We have used regression modelling to describe the association of 19 of the currently available biomarkers (predictors) with key radiographic and clinical features of OA (outcomes) in one of the largest and best characterised OA cohort (NIH Osteoarthritis Initiative). We demonstrate that of the 19 currently available biomarkers only 4 (serum Coll2-1 NO2, CS846, COMP and urinary CTXII) were consistently associated with established radiographic and/or clinical features of OA. These biomarkers are independent of one another and provide additional predictive power over, and above established predictors of OA such as age, gender, BMI and race. We also show that that urinary CTXII had the strongest and consistent associations with clinical symptoms of OA as well as radiographic evidence of joint damage. Accordingly, urinary CTXII may aid in early diagnosis of OA in symptomatic patients without radiographic evidence of OA.
‘Alexandrian’ glass confirmed by hafnium isotopes
Authors: Barfod Gry H. , Freestone Ian C. , Lesher Charles E. , Lichtenberger Achim , Raja Rubina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArchaeological glass contains information about the movement of goods and ancient economies, yet our understanding of critical aspects of the ancient glass industry is fragmentary. During Roman times, distinct glass types produced in coastal regions of Egypt and the Levant used evaporitic soda (natron) mixed with Nile-derived sands. In the Levant, furnaces for producing colourless Roman glass by addition of manganese have been uncovered, whereas the source of the desirable antimony-decolourised Roman glass remains an enigma. In the Edict of Diocletian, this colourless glass is listed as “Alexandrian” referring to Egypt, but its origin has been ambiguous. Previous studies have found overlapping strontium and neodymium isotope ratios for Levantine and Egyptian glass. Here, we confirm these findings and show for the first time, based on glasses from the ancient city of Gerasa, that hafnium (Hf) isotopes are different in Egyptian and Levantine natron glasses, and that Sb Roman glass is Egyptian. Our work illustrates the value of Hf isotopes in provenancing archaeological glass. We attribute the striking difference in Hf isotopes of Egyptian versus Levantine glasses to sorting of zircons in Nile sediments during longshore drift and aeolian transport along the south-eastern Mediterranean coast leaving behind a less juvenile fraction.
Study of the bioremediatory capacity of wild yeasts
Authors: García-Béjar Beatriz , Arévalo-Villena María , Guisantes-Batan Eduardo , Rodríguez-Flores Juana , Briones Ana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobial detoxification has been proposed as a new alternative for removing toxins and pollutants. In this study, the biodetoxification activities of yeasts against aflatoxin B1 and zinc were evaluated by HPLC and voltammetric techniques. The strains with the best activity were also subjected to complementary assays, namely biocontrol capability and heavy-metal resistance. The results indicate that the detoxification capability is toxin- and strain-dependent and is not directly related to cell growth. Therefore, we can assume that there are some other mechanisms involved in the process, which must be studied in the future. Only 33 of the 213 strains studied were capable of removing over 50% of aflatoxin B1, Rhodotrorula mucilaginosa being the best-performing species detected. As for zinc, there were 39 strains that eliminated over 50% of the heavy metal, with Diutina rugosa showing the best results. Complementary experiments were carried out on the strains with the best detoxification activity. Biocontrol tests against mycotoxigenic moulds showed that almost 50% of strains had an inhibitory effect on growth. Additionally, 53% of the strains grew in the presence of 100 mg/L of zinc. It has been proven that yeasts can be useful tools for biodetoxification, although further experiments must be carried out in order to ascertain the mechanisms involved.