bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between B value deviation and sintering temperature of perovskite solid solution materials
Authors: Sang Xu , Zhang Huimin , Chang Aiming , Zhou Junyi , Li Haibing , Li Xiaohui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effects of different sintering temperatures on the system of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3–La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (BST‐LCM) material were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray, resistance‐temperature measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that BST‐LCM is completely miscible and BST is the main phase, which under the premise of following the theory of small polaron conduction, titanium ions interact with manganese ions, which affects the electrical properties of the system of BST‐LCM material. For the electrical properties of related, the LCM content is inversely proportional to the activation energy. Through the linear fitting of the experimental data, the empirical formula between the sintering temperature B value and the content of solid solution is obtained, and the approximate B value within a certain range can be preliminarily calculated.
Rethinking Same‐Sex Sex in Natural Law Theory
Authors: Blankschaen Kurt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany prominent proponents of Old and New Natural Law morally condemn sexual acts between people of the same sex because those acts are incapable of reproduction; they each offer a distinct set of supporting reasons. While some New Natural Law philosophers have begun to distance themselves from this moral condemnation, there are not many similarly ameliorative efforts within Old Natural Law. I argue for the bold conclusion that Old Natural Law philosophers can accept the basic premises of Old Natural Law without also being committed to morally condemning sexual activity between people of the same sex. I develop an argument from analogy that shows how we can draw metaphysically distinct sub‐categories based on someone's capacity to experience the unitive goods of sex. This unitive capacity constitutes the sub‐category and provides a distinct principle for evaluating how members of that sub‐category (X) act as members of that sub‐category, rather than as acting as defective members of another category (Y). Even though my argument is ‘internal’ to Old Natural Law, I conclude by showing how these conclusions can also address some of the objections to same‐sex sex in New Natural Law.
Safety and efficacy of topical, fixed‐dose combination calcipotriene (0.005%) and betamethasone (0.064% as dipropionate) gel in adolescent patients with scalp and body psoriasis: a phase II trial
Authors: Eichenfield L.F. , Marcoux D. , Kurvits M. , Liljedahl M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a disease that commonly manifests in adolescence. Up to half of adults with psoriasis develop it before the age of 20. Topical formulations containing corticosteroids and/or vitamin D3 analogs are recommended for treatment.ObjectiveThis phase II study aimed to evaluate the safety, including any potential effect on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and calcium metabolism, and efficacy of fixed‐dose combination calcipotriene (0.005%) and betamethasone (0.064% as dipropionate) (Cal/BD) gel in adolescents with psoriasis.MethodsPatients aged 12 to <17 years, with at least mild psoriasis on the body and scalp, received topical Cal/BD gel once daily for ≤8 weeks. Safety response criteria included adverse drug reactions [ADRs; any adverse event (AE) possibly or probably related to treatment as determined by the investigator; a primary response criterion] and AEs (a secondary response criterion). Only treatment‐emergent AEs (events that occurred after the first application of Cal/BD gel or events which started before this and increased in intensity after the first application of Cal/BD gel) are presented here. Efficacy response criteria included controlled disease, by physician's global assessment of disease severity (PGA), following Cal/BD gel treatment.ResultsA total of 107 patients (median age 14 years; range 12–16) were enrolled and treated. Eight ADRs were observed in 7 (7%) patients and 38 (36%) patients experienced ≥1 AE. The most common AEs were headache [6 (6%) patients], nasopharyngitis [6 (6%) patients] and blood parathyroid hormone increased [4 (4%) patients]. One severe AE was reported (attempted suicide) but was considered unrelated to treatment. At the end of treatment, 58% of patients had controlled disease on the body and 69% on the scalp according to PGA.ConclusionIn this uncontrolled phase II study, Cal/BD gel was well tolerated and effective for treating scalp and body psoriasis in adolescents.
Baseline characteristics, disease severity and treatment history of patients with atopic dermatitis included in the German AD Registry TREATgermany
Authors: Heratizadeh A. , Haufe E. , Stölzl D. , Abraham S. , Heinrich L. , Kleinheinz A. , Wollenberg A. , Weisshaar E. , Augustin M. , Wiemers F. , Zink A. , von Kiedrowski R. , Hilgers M. , Worm M. , Pawlak M. , Sticherling M. , Fell I. , Handrick C. , Schäkel K. , Staubach‐Renz P. , Asmussen A. , Schwarz B. , Bell M. , Effendy I. , Bieber T. , Homey B. , Gerlach B. , Tchitcherina E. , Stahl M. , Schwichtenberg U. , Rossbacher J. , Buck P. , Mempel M. , Beissert S. , Biedermann T. , Weidinger S. , Schmitt J. , Werfel T. ,   The TREATgermany Study Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Atopic Dermatitis (AD) TREATgermany registry was initiated by the German Society for Dermatology (DDG) in 2011 to evaluate the ‘real‐life’ situation of health care for patients with AD.ObjectivesInterim data analysis on baseline characteristics as well as current and prescribed systemic treatments of the TREATgermany registry patients.MethodsPatients (≥18 years) with moderate‐to‐severe AD [objective (o)SCORAD > 20], or with current or previous anti‐inflammatory systemic treatment for AD within 24 months, were included and are followed up over at least 24 months. To assess clinical signs, the eczema area severity index (EASI, 0–72), the oSCORAD (0–83) and the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA; 6‐point scale) were used. The disease severity was globally scored by the patients [Patient Global Assessment (PGA); six‐step Likert scale]. Disease symptoms were assessed by the patient‐oriented eczema measure (POEM, 0–28) and numeric rating scales (NRS, 0–10). Health‐related quality of life was measured using the dermatological life quality index (DLQI, 0–30).ResultsA total of 612 patients were recruited across 32 sites between 06/2016 and 01/2019 (mean age: 42.6 ± 14.2 years; mean oSCORAD: 40.8 ± 16.3). The mean POEM score was 16.3 ± 7.5. Pruritus was rated highest among subjective symptoms (NRS: 5.4 ± 2.7). The mean DLQI value was 11.3 ± 7.5. The frequency of arterial hypertension was lower (20.8%) compared with the general population, whilst this was higher for depression (10%). More than 60% of the patients had received systemic glucocorticosteroids, and 36.8% had received cyclosporine A prior to inclusion. Dupilumab was the leading substance documented as either ‘current’ (12.1%) or ‘prescribed’ (31.4%) at baseline.ConclusionsThese ‘real‐life’ data clearly demonstrate the substantial disease burden. Most of TREATgermany patients were already treated with or prescribed dupilumab at baseline. Moreover, current findings indicate the urgent need for further alternative agents in order to achieve a perceptible improvement of quality of life of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Parameters optimization and quality evaluation of mechanical properties of infrared radiation thin layer drying of pumpkin samples
Authors: Sadeghi Ebrahim , Movagharnejad Kamyar , Haghighi Asl Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work aims to estimate quality characteristics of dried pumpkin samples in an infrared dryer under natural and forced drying air convection systems. Drying time, rehydration ratio, and shrinkage as a function of infrared intensity, sample thickness, sample distance from the infrared lamps, and air velocity were optimized using response surface methodology. Maximum rehydration ratio and minimum drying time and shrinkage were assumed as criteria for optimizing drying conditions of the samples. The optimum values of process variables were 1 m/s air velocity, a sample thickness of 2 mm, 2,000 W of infrared intensity, and sample to infrared lamps distance of 550 mm. Based on the significant effect, sample thickness was the most prominent factor. The optimal values of drying times, rehydration ratios, and shrinkages of the dried samples under natural and forced convection were 1.068 hr and 1.017 hr, 10.375 and 9.141 (g rehydrated sample/g dried sample), and 69.38 and 73.17 (%), respectively.Practical ApplicationsPumpkin as one of the tasty, valuable and healthy nutrition vegetables containing a lot of biologically active substances is rich in phenolics, polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins, mineral salts, and a good source of carotene and water‐soluble vitamins. Because of the high initial moisture content, it is very sensitive to microbial spoilage. Thus, the drying can be greatly minimized microbial activities and deterioration chemical reaction by the removal of moisture up to a certain level. In addition, choosing the right type of dryer, design, simulation, and optimization of the drying process are largely dependent on the knowledge of the drying characteristics. It is worth mentioning, the developed statistical multivariate model equations accompanied by the optimal process conditions can be very useful for the design and operation of IR dryer when there is no certain multidimensional infrared drying model for high‐value foodstuffs such pumpkin.
Evidence for UHP anatexis in the Shuanghe UHP paragneiss from inclusions in clinozoisite, garnet, and zircon
Authors: Liu Qiang , Hermann Jörg , Zheng Shu , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Shuanghe garnet‐bearing paragneiss from the Dabie ultra‐high–pressure (UHP) orogen occurs as an interlayer within partially retrogressed eclogite. A first UHP metamorphic stage at 680°C, 3.8–4.1 GPa is documented by Zr‐in‐rutile temperatures coupled with phengite inclusions (Si = 3.55) in clinozoisite and grossular‐rich garnet. Relic matrix phengite and phengite inclusions in zircon rims display lower Si of 3.42. Combined with garnet compositions and Ti‐in‐zircon temperatures, they provide evidence for a second UHP metamorphic stage at 800–850°C, ~3.8 GPa. Such isobaric heating at UHP conditions has not been documented so far from the adjacent eclogites and other rock types in the Dabie orogen and indicates proximity to the hot, convecting mantle wedge. The dominant mineral assemblage consisting of plagioclase, epidote, biotite, and amphibole provides evidence for widespread retrogression during the exhumation of the UHP paragneiss. Several types of polyphase mineral inclusions were identified. Phengite inclusions hosted by clinozoisite are partially replaced by kyanite and K‐feldspar, whereas inclusions in host garnet consist of relic phengite, K‐feldspar, and garnet, indicating limited sub‐solidus dehydration of phengite by the reaction Ph→Kfs+Ky±Grt+fluid. Tightly intergrown K‐feldspar and quartz are preserved as inclusions with sharp boundaries and radial cracks in garnet. Analyses of whole inclusions also show small enrichments in light rare earth elements. These inclusions are interpreted to be derived from melting of an inclusion assemblage consisting of Ph+Coe±Czo. A third type of polyphase inclusion consists of typical nanogranite (Ab+Kfs+Qz±Ep) inclusions in recrystallized metamorphic zircon. Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry and the Si content of phengite included in these zircon domains indicate that melting occurred at 800–850°C and 3.8–4.0 GPa during isobaric heating at UHP conditions. The partial melting event led to an equilibration of trace elements in garnet, phengite, and apatite. Using published partition coefficients between these minerals and hydrous granitic melt, the trace element composition of the UHP anatectic melt can be constrained. The melts are characterized by high LILE contents and pronounced relative enrichments of U over Th and Ta over Nb. The REE are below primitive mantle values, likely due to the presence of residual clinozoisite and garnet during partial melting. So far, no major granitic bodies have been found that share the same trace element pattern as the partial melts from the UHP anatexis of the Shuanghe paragneiss.
Tongue thickness is associated with masticatory performance of perioral muscles: Ultrasonographic study of perioral muscle characteristics in healthy young subjects
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Tohara Haruka , Hara Koji , Chantaramanee Ariya , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakane Ayako , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMastication is a complicated task that involves the teeth and perioral muscles, such as the tongue and lip. Previous studies have shown correlations between masticatory performance and perioral muscle strength (eg tongue pressure) and between masticatory performance and occlusal forces.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between masticatory performance and perioral muscle characteristics.MethodsForty‐nine healthy young subjects (men: 24 and women: 25) with Eichner classification group A were included in this cross‐sectional study. Age, body weight, masticatory performance, masseter muscle thickness, masseter muscle echo intensity, cross‐sectional area of geniohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle echo intensity, tongue thickness (TT) and tongue echo intensity were assessed. Masticatory performance was evaluated using a colour‐changeable chewing gum. The thickness and echo intensity of the masseter muscle, geniohyoid muscle and tongue were observed using an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine relationships between perioral muscle characteristics and masticatory performance.ResultsTongue thickness (P < .01) was the sole significant explanatory variable for masticatory performance. The standard partial regression coefficient was 0.47. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) was .47, and the adjusted R2 was .20; the variance inflation factor was 1.0. This study showed that TT was related to masticatory performance, whereas perioral muscle quality was not. Moreover, perioral muscle quantity was highly correlated with perioral muscle quality.ConclusionsTongue thickness is a predictor of masticatory performance in healthy young subjects. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is useful in the evaluation of perioral muscle characteristics.
Spatio‐temporal factors impacting encounter occurrences between leopards and other large African predators
Authors: Rafiq K. , Jordan N. R. , Wilson A. M. , McNutt J. W. , Hayward M. W. , Meloro C. , Wich S. A. , Golabek K. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEncounters between individuals can have implications for a range of processes, including disease transmission, information transfer and competition. For large carnivores, difficulties in directly observing individuals and historical hardware limitations of GPS collars mean that relatively little is known of the spatio‐temporal factors contributing to encounters. The African large predator guild represents one of the few remaining functionally intact guilds of large carnivores on the globe and so represents a unique study system for understanding competitor interactions. We explored the drivers of male leopard (Panthera pardus) encounters with lions (Panthera leo), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in the context of habitat characteristics and temporal activity overlaps. Using high‐resolution (five minute GPS fixes) data from 48 large African carnivores from 2012 to 2018, we quantified encounter occurrences between male leopards and other guild species and related these to habitat type (open vs closed), activity overlaps and moonlight levels. Leopards met wild dogs 4.56 ± 1.15 (standard error), lions 3.11 ± 0.56 and cheetahs 2.27 ± 0.73 times per month. All species instigated encounters, but leopard instigated encounters with dominant competitors appeared to reflect imperfect information on risk, primarily occurring within habitats with limited visibility. Moreover, encounters peaked during periods of high temporal overlap, suggesting that, although previous research indicates temporal activity patterns may not be driven by predator avoidance, temporal overlap has implications for competitor dynamics. Our results show how habitat characteristics and niche overlaps contribute to encounters between competitors and provide an example of how niche shifts within competitor assemblages can impact competition between species.
Quantitation of large, middle and small hepatitis B surface proteins in HBeAg‐positive patients treated with peginterferon alfa‐2a
Authors: Rinker Franziska , Bremer Corinna M. , Schröder Kathrin , Wiegand Steffen B. , Bremer Birgit , Manns Michael P. , Kraft Anke R. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Yang Lei , Pavlovic Vedran , Wat Cynthia , Gerlich Wolfram H. , Glebe Dieter , Cornberg Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) contains three viral surface proteins, large, middle and small hepatitis B surface protein (LHBs, MHBs, SHBs). Proportions of LHBs and MHBs are lower in patients with inactive vs active chronic infection. Interferon alfa may convert hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to an inactive carrier state, but prediction of sustained response is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that quantification of MHBs and LHBs may allow for a better prognosis of therapeutic response than total hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentration.MethodsHepatitis B surface proteins were measured before and during peginterferon alfa‐2a therapy in serum from 127 Asian patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB. Sustained response was defined as HBeAg seroconversion 24 weeks post‐treatment.ResultsMean total HBs levels were significantly lower in responders vs nonresponders at all time points (P < .05) and decreased steadily during the initial 24 weeks treatment (by 1.16 vs 0.86 ng/mL in responders/nonresponders respectively) with unchanged relative proportions. Genotype B had a two‐fold higher proportion of LHBs than genotype C (13% vs 6%). HBV DNA, HBeAg, HBsAg and HBs protein levels predicted response equally well but not optimally (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values >0.70).ConclusionsHepatitis B surface protein levels differ by HBV genotype. However, quantification of HBs proteins has no advantage over the already established HBsAg assays to predict response to peginterferon alfa‐2a therapy in HBeAg‐positive patients.
Climate‐dependent variation in cold tolerance of weedy rice and rice mediated by OsICE1 promoter methylation
Authors: Xie Hongjie , Han Yihao , Li Xinyue , Dai Weimin , Song Xiaoling , Olsen Kenneth M. , Qiang Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) has adapted to endure low‐temperature stress in northern latitudes remain unresolved. In this study, we assessed cold tolerance of 100 rice varieties and 100 co‐occurring weedy rice populations, which were sampled across a broad range of climates in China. A parallel pattern of latitude‐dependent variation in cold tolerance was detected in cultivated rice and weedy rice. At the molecular level, differential cold tolerance was strongly correlated with relative expression levels of CBF cold response pathway genes and with methylation levels in the promoter region of OsICE1, a regulator of this pathway. Among all methylated cytosine sites of the OsICE1 promoter, levels of CHG and CHH methylation were found to be significantly correlated with cold tolerance among accessions. Furthermore, within many of the collection locales, weedy rice shared identical or near‐identical OsICE1 methylation patterns with co‐occurring cultivated rice. These findings provide new insights on the possible roles that methylation variation in the OsICE1 promoter may play in cold tolerance, and they suggest that weedy rice can rapidly acquire cold tolerance via methylation patterns that are shared with co‐occurring rice cultivars.
Machine learning based novelty detection using modal analysis
Authors: Ozdagli Ali I. , Koutsoukos Xenofon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong many structural assessment methods, the change of modal characteristics is considered a well‐accepted damage detection method. However, the presence of environmental or operational variations may pollute the baseline and prevent a dependable assessment of the change. In recent years, the use of machine learning algorithms gained interest within structural health community, especially due to their ability and success in the elimination of ambient uncertainty. This paper proposes an end‐to‐end architecture to detect damage reliably by employing machine learning algorithms. The proposed approach streamlines (a) collection of structural response data, (b) modal analysis using system identification, (c) learning model, and (d) novelty detection. The proposed system aims to extract latent features of accessible modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes measured at undamaged target structure under temperature uncertainty and to reconstruct a new representation of these features that is similar to the original using well‐established machine learning methods for damage detection. The deviation between measured and reconstructed parameters, also known as novelty index, is the essential information for detecting critical changes in the system. The approach is evaluated by analyzing the structural response data obtained from finite element models and experimental structures. For the machine learning component of the approach, both principal component analysis (PCA) and autoencoder (AE) are examined. While mode shapes are known to be a well‐researched damage indicator in the literature, to our best knowledge, this research is the first time that unsupervised machine learning is applied using PCA and AE to utilize mode shapes in addition to natural frequencies for effective damage detection. The detection performance of this pipeline is compared to a similar approach where its learning model does not utilize mode shapes. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the damage detection under temperature variability improves significantly when mode shapes are used in the training of learning algorithm. Especially for small damages, the proposed algorithm performs better in discriminating system changes.