bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global incidence trends in primary liver cancer by age at diagnosis, sex, region, and etiology, 1990‐2017
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Suo Chen , Mao Xianhua , Jiang Yanfeng , Jin Li , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) continues to increase worldwide. The incidence trends and patterns of PLC associated with different age at diagnosis remain unknown.MethodsWe collected detailed information on PLC between 1990 and 2017 from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Estimated annual percentage changes in the PLC age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) diagnosed by age, sex, region, and etiology were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in PLC ASR.ResultsGlobally, the number of PLC cases for which the age at diagnosis was <30 years decreased from 17,381 in 1990 to 14,661 in 2017, whereas the number of PLC cases diagnosed at age 30 to 59 and ≥60 years old increased from 216,561 and 241,189 in 1990 to 359,770 and 578,344 in 2017, respectively. The ASR of PLC cases with age at diagnosis <30 years and between 30 and 59 years decreased in both sexes, whereas the ASR of PLC with age at diagnosis ≥60 years increased in males and remained stable in females at the global level. Males had a more dramatic increase in PLC diagnosed at age ≥60 years but a milder decrease in PLC diagnosed between 30 and 59 years of age. This decrease was attributed largely to the reduction in PLC caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C and was consistent in most regions except for developed countries, in which the ASR of PLC increased irrespective of sex and age. The ASR of PLC due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increased by the greatest magnitude in most regions.ConclusionPLC in highly endemic regions has been partly alleviated due to the potent control of hepatitis, especially among young and middle‐aged people. However, an unfavorable trend was observed in most developed countries and in elderly populations. As such, PLC prevention schedules should give more attention to NASH and elderly patients.
Self‐limited Phosphatase‐mimicking CeO2 Nanozymes
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Liu Juewen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCeO2 nanoparticles or nanoceria is a very interesting enzyme mimic (nanozyme) with a diverse range of catalytic activities. Most of the previous studies focused on its redox chemistry for mimicking oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase‐like activities, and as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Considering CeO2 has both Ce(III) and Ce(IV) species and both interact strongly with inorganic phosphate, nanoceria has also been studied for its phosphatase‐like activity. We herein compared these species along with alkaline phosphatase (ALP). First, CeO2 and Ce(IV) have good activity using p‐nitrophenylphosphate (p‐NPP) as a substrate, while other metal ions failed to show this activity. Since a reaction product is inorganic phosphate and we observed an interesting enzyme kinetic profile, the effect of phosphate was studied, which inhibited both CeO2 and ALP. The inhibition constant was about 5‐fold smaller for CeO2. The inhibition effect of polyphosphates was even stronger. Due to the product inhibition effect, CeO2 is unlikely to be a typical multiple turnover nanozyme, and the system is self‐limited. For the other anions, only F− showed a moderate inhibition effect on the cerium species, while adsorption of DNA did not inhibit the activity. Finally, heat treated ALP lost the activity, but CeO2 and Ce(IV) remained active. This study has deepened our understanding of CeO2 as a phosphatase mimicking nanozyme, which could be useful for biosensing and chemical biology applications.
A Methoxyamine‐Protecting Group for Organic Radical Battery Materials—An Alternative Approach
Authors: Hansen Kai‐Anders , Chambers Lewis C. , Eing Matthias , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Blinco James P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn alternative synthetic route towards the widely employed electroactive poly(TEMPO methacrylate) (PTMA) via a thermally robust methoxyamine‐protecting group is demonstrated herein. Protection of the radical moiety of hydroxy‐TEMPO with a methyl functionality and subsequent esterification with methacrylic anhydride allows the high‐yielding formation of the novel monomer methyl‐TEMPO methacrylate (MTMA). The polymerization of MTMA to poly(MTMA) (PMTMA) is investigated via free radical polymerization and reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT), a reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization technique. Cleavage of the temperature‐stable methoxyamine functionality by oxidative treatment of PMTMA with meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) releases the electroactive PTMA. The redox activity of PTMA was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in lithium‐ion coin cells.
Nanoscale Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cell Revisited: Dye‐Cell or Perovskite‐Cell?
Authors: Yoo So‐Min , Lee Seul‐Yi , Velilla Hernandez Esteban , Kim Myoung , Kim Gitae , Shin Taeho , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Mora‐Seró Iván , Lee Hyo Joong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA general and straightforward way of preparing few‐nanometer‐sized well‐separated MAPbIxBr3−x (MA=methylammonium) perovskite photosensitizers on the surface of an approximately 1 μm thick mesoporous TiO2 photoanode was suggested through a two‐step sequential deposition of low‐concentrated lead halides (0.10–0.30 m PbI2 or PbBr2) and methylammonium iodide/bromide (MAI/MABr). When those nanoscale MAPbIxBr3−x perovskites were incorporated as a photosensitizer in typical solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSSCs), it could be verified clearly by the capacitance analysis that nano‐particulate MAPbI3 perovskites play the same role as that of a typical dye sensitizer (MK‐2 molecule) although their size, composition, and structure are different.
Smart Bifunctional Sb2Se3 Nanorods for Integrated Water Purification: Insoluble Liquid Separation and Photoelectrochemical Degradation
Authors: Kim Young Been , Cho Sung Woon , Deshpande Nishad G. , Jung Sung Hyeon , Kim Dong Su , Park Ki Ju , Kim Han‐Ki , Cho Hyung Koun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) nanostructures enable bifunctional water purification by a single membrane through i) physical separation of water‐insoluble oil and ii) photoelectrocatalytic degradation of water‐soluble organic compounds. Sb2Se3 nanorods with exposed surfaces of {h 0 0} and {h 0 l} planes exhibit superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of ≈159°) owing to extremely low surface energy of those dangling‐bond‐free van der Waals planes. Based on crystallographic understanding, superhydrophobic Sb2Se3 nanorods were produced on a mesh‐type substrate for utilization as a membrane for physical water/oil separation. Sb2Se3 exhibited an optimal photocathodic response with p‐type electrical conductivity under visible light along the longitudinal crystal direction. This indicated that the nanorods could be used as photoelectrocatalytic material for chemical water purification. A smart membrane with Sb2Se3 nanostructures was proposed as a candidate for integrated water purification that can simultaneously accomplish water/oil separation and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in wastewater. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements of the Sb2Se3‐membrane showed cathodic photocurrent generation (up to approximately 10 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), which was enough to reduce O2 to an oxygen radical (O2.−) for degradation of methyl orange. Consequently, solar‐driven integrated water purification was demonstrated for the first time by using a single material with a dual function of superhydrophobicity and photoactivity.
Mechanistic Study of Diaryl Ether Bond Cleavage during Palladium‐Catalyzed Lignin Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Li Yanding , Karlen Steven D. , Demir Benginur , Kim Hoon , Luterbacher Jeremy , Dumesic James A. , Stahl Shannon S. , Ralph John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogenolysis has emerged as one of the most effective means of converting polymeric lignin into monoaromatic fragments of value. Reported yields may be higher than for other methods and can exceed the theoretical yields estimated from measures of the content of lignin's most readily cleaved alkyl‐aryl ether bonds in β‐ether units. The high yields suggest that other units in lignin are being cleaved. Diaryl ether units are important units in lignin, and their cleavage has been examined previously using simple model compounds, such as diphenyl ether. Herein, the hydrogenolysis of model compounds that closely resemble the native lignin 4‐O‐5 diaryl ether units was analyzed. The results provided unexpected insights into the reactivity and partial cleavage of these compounds. The models and lignin polymer produced not only monomers, but also unusual 1,3,5‐meta‐substituted aromatics that appear to be diagnostic for the presence and the cleavage of the 4‐O‐5 diaryl ether unit in lignin.
Assessment of loss‐of‐control eating in healthy youth by interview and questionnaire
Authors: Altman Deborah R. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Shank Lisa M. , Swanson Taylor N. , Ramirez Eliana , Moore Nia A. , Rubin Sarah G. , Byrne Meghan E. , LeMay‐Russell Sarah , Schvey Natasha A. , Kelly Nichole R. , Parker Megan N. , Gubbi Sriram , Brady Sheila M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate two questionnaires, an updated youth version of the questionnaire on eating and weight patterns (Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns‐5 Children/Adolescent [QEWP‐C‐5]) and the Loss‐of‐Control (LOC) Eating Disorder Questionnaire (LOC‐ED‐Q), against the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview to assess the presence of LOC‐eating among youth.MethodTwo‐hundred and eighteen youths (12.8 ± 2.7 years) completed the QEWP‐C‐5, LOC‐ED‐Q, and EDE, depressive and anxiety questionnaires, and adiposity assessment. Sensitivity, specificity, positive‐predictive value, negative‐predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated; Cochran's Q and McNemar's tests were used to compare measures. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed. Mood and adiposity based on LOC‐eating presence and absence based on each measure were examined.ResultsThe QEWP‐C‐5 and LOC‐ED‐Q demonstrated poor sensitivity (33%; 30%) and high specificity (95%; 96%) compared with the EDE. The AUCs suggested neither the QEWP‐C‐5 (0.64) nor the LOC‐ED‐Q (0.62) demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy. Comparing distributions of LOC‐eating presence between assessments, the QEWP‐C‐5 and EDE did not differ significantly (p = .10), while the LOC‐ED‐Q and EDE had significantly different distributions (p = .03). LOC‐eating presence was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms across all measures (ps < .02). Greater adiposity (ps < .02) was associated with LOC‐eating presence on the EDE and LOC‐ED‐Q, and higher BMI z‐score (p = .02) on the LOC‐ED‐Q.DiscussionNeither the QEWP‐C‐5 nor the LOC‐ED‐Q was sensitive for identifying LOC‐eating presence as determined by the EDE, although both were associated with greater mood symptoms. Research is needed to improve self‐report questionnaires to better screen for LOC‐eating presence among pediatric populations.
A secure data transmission protocol for cloud‐assisted edge‐Internet of Things environment
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Verma Harsh , Sikka Geeta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCloud‐edge (CE) is revolutionizing our modern world with a greater user experience through the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the edge devices, communication bridge between the cloud and users, are repeatedly exhibiting many security flaws which will inevitably lead to massive cyber attacks. Thus, providing a proper security, specifically, the confidentiality and authenticity of sensitive data become a prime focus for many of the researchers. In cryptography, certificateless signcryption (CLSC) is one of the recent public key techniques that meets the requirements of confidentiality and authenticity of sensitive data between parties with minimal overhead. This paper aims to present a new data sharing protocol where the safety of data is achieved through a new CLSC scheme. The proposed CLSC is designed using the bilinear pairing and modular exponentiation operations. Besides, the CLSC is secure based on the intractability of Diffie‐Hellman inversion (DHI) and bilinear‐DHI assumptions without considering the random oracle model (ROM). Performance assessment of proposed CLSC gives satisfactory results after comparing with other related CLSC schemes. Therefore, proposed CLSC can be installed in the cloud‐based edge‐IoT environment where both the authenticity and confidentiality with minimal computational overhead are the essential factors.
Research and optimization of sports injury medical system under the background of Internet of things
Authors: Yu Hongying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the popularization of Internet of things (IoT) knowledge and the wide dissemination of technology, IoT technology medical and health industry has brought far‐reaching influence. This article studies the application of IoT technology in sports injury medical system, and expounds the application of telemedicine, mobile diagnosis, and user data management in medical system supported by IoT technology. First, the application layer, network layer, and perceptual layer structure of the IoT are used to plan the overall hierarchy of the sports injury medical system, and then the system is divided into three modules, which are the user physiological parameter acquisition module, the user physiological parameter processing module, and the motion damage diagnosis result module. Finally, the performance of the system is detected from packet loss rate and concurrency quantity, and it is concluded that the medical system of sports injury can meet the requirements of field diagnosis based on the background of IoT, and the user's satisfaction is found to be greatly improved by the results of user's investigation.
Network video summarization based on key frame extraction via superpixel segmentation
Authors: Jin Haiyan , Yu Yang , Li Yumeng , Xiao Zhaolin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe spread of insecure online video has been a serious social problem. The video summarization becomes one of key step for automatic filtering the expected video from the Internet. At present, the most existing video summarization methods are based on calculating the image similarity between video frames, so that the key frame can be selected properly. In this article, we introduce a superpixel segmentation based image similarity calculation, and then the metric is applied into video summarization. To identify the video key frames, we introduce superpixel segmentation to cluster the pixels locally by estimating the optical flow displacement field between successive frames, which can extract key frames and reduce video redundancy. On the VSUMM dataset and YouTube dataset, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has clear advantages on both subjectively qualitative analysis and objectively quantitative evaluation comparing with the state of the art methods.
Temporal dynamics of the flash‐induced bouncing effect
Authors: Zhong Hui , Zhao Song , Chen Tingji , Yang Wanlu , Huang Xinyin , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo identical visual disks moving toward each other on a two‐dimensional (2D) display are more likely to be perceived as “streaming through” than “bouncing off” each other after their coincidence. However, either a brief auditory tone or visual flash presented at the coincident moment of the disks can strikingly increase the incidence of the bouncing percept. Despite the neural substrates underlying the sound‐induced bouncing effect have been widely investigated, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying the flash‐induced bouncing effect. The present study used event‐related potential recordings to explore the temporal dynamics of the flash‐induced bouncing effect. The results showed that the amplitude of the postcoincidence parietooccipital P2 component (190–230 ms after coincidence) elicited by the visual motion was significantly smaller on bouncing relative to streaming trials only when the flash was presented but not when absent. In addition, the parietal P3 component (330–430 ms) was found to be larger on bouncing than streaming trials when the flash was presented, but the opposite was true when no flash was presented. These electrophysiological findings suggest that the flash‐induced bouncing effect may occur at both perceptual and postperceptual stages of processing.
Loss of S100A14 expression at the tumor‐invading front correlates with poor differentiation and worse prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pandey Sushma , Osman Tarig A. , Sharma Sunita , Vallenari Evan M. , Shahdadfar Aboulghassem , Pun Chin B. , Gautam Dej K. , Uhlin‐Hansen Lars , Rikardsen Oddveig , Johannessen Anne C. , Costea Daniela E. , Sapkota Dipak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed a tumor‐suppressive function of S100A14 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to examine the prognostic significance and differentiation‐related function of S100A14 in OSCC.MethodsS100A14 expression was examined in 170 OSCCs from Norwegian and Nepalese populations using immunohistochemistry. Pro‐differentiation function was investigated by overexpressing and silencing S100A14 expression in OSCC‐derived cells. External transcriptomic datasets were used to validate association between S100A14 and differentiation markers in OSCC.ResultLoss of S100A14 expression at the invading tumor fronts significantly correlated with poor differentiation and reduced 10‐years survival of OSCC‐patients. Multivariate Cox analysis identified S100A14 to be an independent prognostic factor. Modulation of S100A14 expression in OSCC‐derived cells positively correlated with the expression of differentiation markers. Analysis of external datasets supported the pro‐differentiation function of S100A14.ConclusionThese results indicate that S100A14 is a pro‐differentiation protein and its expression might be useful as a prognostic marker in OSCC.
The impact of catalase and glutathione peroxidase‐1 genetic polymorphisms on their enzyme activities among Egyptian patients with keratoconus
Authors: Abdul‐Maksoud Rehab S. , Fouad Rania A. , Elsayed Tamer G. , Ibrahem Reda A. , Badawi Amani E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundElevated oxidative stress plays a significant role in pathophysiology of keratoconus (KC). Polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzymes as CAT and GPX‐1 might alter their antioxidant enzyme capacities leading to increase in the oxidative damage induced KC.AimTo analyze the impact of CAT rs7943316 A/T and GPX‐1 rs1050450 C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk and severity of KC among a group of Egyptian population.Subject & methodsCAT rs7943316 and GPX‐1 rs1050450 SNPs were examined using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 100 control subjects and 150 KC patients [50 patients (KC stages 1&2), 50 patients (KC stage 3) and 50 patients (KC stage 4)].ResultsPatients with TT genotype of CAT rs7943316 were at high risk of developing KC. T allele of GPX‐1 rs1050450 was significantly associated with KC risk (P ˂0.001). The frequency of CAT TT genotype and T allele was significantly higher among severe stages of KC compared to mild and moderate stages. GPX‐1 T allele frequency was significantly higher among severe stages of KC compared to mild and moderate stages. A very significant decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in association with these SNPs. Age of the patients, CAT and GPX‐1 SNPs as well as their enzyme activities were independent predictors of KC severity.ConclusionOur study suggests that CAT (rs7943316) and GPX‐1 (rs1050450) SNPs act as independent predictors for different grades of KC and that these SNPs might have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Optimizing TNFR2 antagonism for immunotherapy with tumor microenvironment specificity
Authors: Yang Michael , Tran Lisa , Torrey Heather , Song Yaerin , Perkins Haley , Case Katherine , Zheng Hui , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kuhtreiber Willem M. , Faustman Denise L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Most approved cancer immunotherapies lack T-regulatory (Treg) or tumor specificity. TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) antibody antagonism is emerging as an attractive immunotherapy due to its tumor microenvironment (TME) specificity. Here we show that the human TNFR2 receptor is overexpressed on both human tumor cells and on human tumor-residing Tregs, but negligibly expressed on beneficial T effectors (Teffs). Further, we found widespread, if variable, TNFR2 expression on 788 human tumor cell lines from diverse cancer tissues. These findings provided strong rationale for developing a targeted immunotherapy using a TNFR2 antibody antagonist. We designed a novel, human-directed TNFR2 antibody antagonist and tested it for function using three cell-based TME assays. The antagonist showed TME specificity by killing of TNFR2-expressing tumor cells and Tregs, but sparing Teffs, which proliferated. However, the antagonist shuffled between five isoforms, only one of which showed the desirable function. We designed and tested several new chimeric human versions of the antagonist, finding that the IgG2 isotype functioned better than the IgG1 isotype. To further improve function, we introduced targeted mutations to its amino acid sequence to stabilize the natural variability of the IgG2 isotype's hinge. Altogether, our findings suggest that optimal TNFR2 antagonists are of the human IgG2 isotype, have hinge stabilization, and have wide separation of antibody arms to bind to newly synthesized TNFR2 on rapidly growing tumor cells. Antagonistic antibodies with these characteristics, when bound to TNFR2, can form a nonsignaling cell surface dimer that functions with high TME specificity.
Analysis of colon-infiltrating γδ T cells in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and in colitis-associated cancer
Authors: Lo Presti Elena , Mocciaro Filippo , Mitri Roberto Di , Corsale Anna Maria , Di Simone Marta , Vieni Salvatore , Scibetta Nunzia , Unti Elettra , Dieli Francesco , Meraviglia Serena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a global health problem with a significant percentage of patients progressing to chronic inflammation and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Whether or not γδ T cells contribute to initiation and maintenance of inflammation in IBD and in the development of CAC is not known. We have evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functions of γδ T cells among tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in healthy donors and IBD and CAC patients. Results show that Vδ1 T cells are the dominant γδ T-cell population in healthy tissue, whereas Vδ2 T significantly abound in chronic IBD. Vδ2 T cells produce more IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 than Vδ1 T cells in chronic inflamed IBD. In CAC patients no significant cytokine production was detected in tissue-resident Vδ1 T cells, but Vδ2 T cells produced remarkable amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α; these data were confirmed by the analysis of an independent cohort of IBD transcriptomes. Moreover, transcriptomes of IBD patients revealed a clear-cut clusterization of genes related with the maintenance of the inflammatory status. In conclusion, our results demonstrating that Vδ2 T cells have a proinflammatory profile in chronic IBD are suggestive of their participation in IBD and CAC pathogenesis.