bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern educational formats: technology of flipped chemistry teaching
Authors: Popova S V , Petrischeva L P , Popova E E , Ushakova O V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article substantiates the need for the use of modern educational technology of blended learning flipped classroom in school education. The solution to the research problem is based on theoretical, methodological and practical issues that are considered in the research. The authors focus on the achievements of both modern sciences based on the formation of the natural science paradigm and the achievements of modern pedagogy aimed at the formation of natural science thinking. The study of chemistry at school is realized by the methodological potential of competence-based and personality-oriented approaches. The model of teaching chemistry consists of updated content, interactive methods and organizational forms, traditional and distance learning tools and a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions. The obtained results of the pedagogical experiment allow us to assume that the use of the flipped classroom blended learning technology has increased the level of internal motivation of students to study chemistry. This technology allows us to individualize and activate the educational process.
Hermeneutisation of education in the digital age
Authors: Kuparashvili M D , Nikolaeva A B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article aims to consider the possible inclusion of hermeneutic tools in modern educational models. Such techniques and methods of hermeneutics as understanding, reflection, interpretation can increase the degree of effectiveness of dialogue learning and the value of an educational workshop. In this situation, in our opinion, the educational space will acquire the necessary dynamism and mobility, which is especially important in the digital age. The hypothesis of a new hermeneutic model of education can become the basis for further reasoning in this vector.
Methodology of building a master’s individual educational route for effective development of professional competencies
Authors: Antamoshkina O I , Zinina O V , Olentsova J A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by the beginning of informatization and digital technologies. For a modern specialist to solve most problems, it is necessary to have a high level of professional competence and be receptive to innovation. The Bologna system provides for the opportunity to get a bachelor’s degree in one direction, and finish a master’s degree in another. Thus, the master’s program can be applied to both bachelors and specialists who have a diploma in related fields of knowledge (in the same enlarged group of specialties), or completely from other fields of knowledge. Some bachelors and specialists often do not have the necessary knowledge to master a new specialty, which makes it necessary to form an individual educational route. Today, in the system of higher professional pedagogical education, students are given the opportunity to choose the subjects for the variable part of the working curriculum in accordance with the educational program for the training profile. In addition, you can get additional professional education through retraining programs. In this case, the student himself becomes the subject of designing an individual educational route, who chooses a certain additional educational program.
The University digital educational environment potential in the future teacher professional and personal development
Authors: Zakharova M A , Mezinov V N , Mironova E L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The transition to digital education is associated with economic, political changes in society, as well as with changes in infrastructural, communicative, and cultural nature. The University digital educational environment role in a professional and personal development system is being updated. The "professional and personal development a future teacher" scientific and theoretical analysis concept made it possible to consider professional and personal development as a becoming a teacher dynamic process, which entails the subject inner essence transformation through the interaction of self-improvement motivation, professional orientation and competence, creativity, personality traits and activities. This study purpose was to study different approaches to understanding this category, disclosing its essence and structure, establishing the basic requirements for its organization. The main research question was in which case the digital educational environment provides professional and personal development, competitiveness formation, communicative equality, the future teacher social experience interactivity. The leading methods in the research were: theoretical and methodological analysis, scientific research interdisciplinary analysis, system analysis, pedagogical interpretation method, comparison, generalization, concretization; experience in organizing multi-level education study, questionnaires, testing. It is shown that a teacher at a university professional and personal development effectiveness largely depends on the students, teachers, the digital educational environment and various conditions’ optimal interaction.
Integration of sustainability in metallurgical education: analysis of educational practices CDIO
Authors: Dubova I V , Sanacheva G S , Gilmanshina T R , Vasyunina N V , Merdak N V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Integration of sustainable development in education is now being addressed in numerous educational institutions across the globe. Based on different integration approaches, various teaching methods are being developed, applied and evaluated. A complex relationship exists between curriculum development and sustainable development. The goal of this paper is to present educational practices for integration of sustainable development in engineering education of metallurgy made by Siberian Federal University. We present in this study the results and reflections on the implementation of a specific teaching-learning methodology that has been designed to incorporate sustainability aspects in projects. These 12 ECTS-compulsory subjects are taught following the CDIO standards, according to which the students must develop a somehow innovative product or service from the conception and design to the implementation and operation. The results show that the students perceive that they have developed deep skills in sustainable development, as well as working across disciplines and with different stakeholders.
Academic motivation of students in the period of digital transformation of the educational environment
Authors: Pulyaeva V N , Gibadullin A A , Zerkin D G , Eismunt V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of an empirical study of students of one of the leading financial and economic universities in the country, the main goal of which was to identify the features of motivation for educational activities in the higher education system based on an assessment of a number of psychological variables associated with motivation. At the same time, the authors used a number of psychological diagnostic techniques developed by experts in previous studies: life satisfaction, resilience, etc. The central place in the study is to identify the direction of academic motivation: internal, external and motivation in accordance with the theory of self-determination, which is widespread in modern psychological science personalities of E. Desi and R. Ryan. The study-involved students of various courses and areas of training for bachelor’s and master’s degrees, full-time and part-time studies, as well as those receiving higher education on a budgetary and paid basis. The recommendations developed by the authors to increase the level of motivation of students with low indicators of intrinsic motivation for educational activity are given.
Structural and logical circuits in learning activities under conditions of education digitalization
Authors: Bakeyeva L V , Brylevskaya L I , Pastukhova E V , Romanova Y S , Skepko O A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The digitalization of the educational system is more aimed at developing an independent, responsible and creative person. The more knowledge a student receives independently and actively engaged in self-education, the more he needs help, both practical and definite. Digitalization of the educational process requires a special approach to its development, redefining the role of the professor, searching for new possibilities of interaction between all participants, adaptation of existing or development of new methods and means of knowledge transfer and their control. One of the didactic methods of activating the cognitive abilities of students, which include thinking, memorizing, perceiving, imagining and presenting are structural and logical schemes. Their application in educational activities solves several tasks: the meaningful acquisition of new knowledge and increase the intellectual and creative potential of students, the study and use of services, programs or mobile applications to structure information and transform it into clear logical schemes for memory and playback. This article discusses the peculiarities of applying structural and logical schemes at different stages of the educational process in the conditions of education digitalization.
Elaborating test materials for digital assessment of BSc students’ learning outcomes in training area “Agroengineering”, profile "Electrical Equipment and Electrotechnology”
Authors: Zanfirova L V , Kovalenok T P , Ovsyannikova E A , Chistova Ya S , Sergeeva N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper considers modern specific features and requirements for engineering education. The authors show changes in the forms, methods and means of professional education. The main engineering activities are specified for training area "Agroengineering". The paper underlines the importance of the comprehensive development of future engineers’ thinking, in particular, theoretical thinking, and the ability of performing logical actions with scientific concepts, using mental operations of comparison, concretizing, generalizing and abstraction. To check the development level of theoretical and logical thinking, the authors developed an educational and diagnostic test on the "Electrical Materials" course to note the necessity and possibilities of using computer testing for the strategic, systematic and objective assessment of students’ knowledge, in terms of the development of their professional thinking and competencies. There is a description of the procedure of elaborating test materials, and the test results are presented. The authors analyze the digital test results at the stage of ongoing control and the number of mistakes that students made when performing tasks of different subtests and sections. Assumptions are made about the possible reasons for the poor outcomes; possible ways to improve the test procedure are offered.
Principal components of implementation of “university-3.0” transformation in the development of innovative-entrepreneurial activities of modern higher educational institutions
Authors: Rakhmatov Shukhrat A , Nizamov Aslitdin B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research of factors of support of innovative-entrepreneurial activities in higher education plays an important role in identifying problems in the management of innovation and entrepreneurship and its economic incentives. Because of the research, the importance of factors supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education was assessed, the principal components of the development of innovation and entrepreneurship as a factor of competitiveness of higher education institutions, “University-3.0” transformation were identified and transformation model was developed.
The emergence of anthropogenic signal in mean and extreme precipitation trend over China by using two large ensembles
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Yang , Chen Weilin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic warming may impact mean and extreme precipitation trends by enhancing the water cycle, potentially bringing threats to human societies. The design of national-level policy for disaster prevention and mitigation depends on the reliable detection of anthropogenic forcing in mean and extreme precipitation changes there. The anthropogenic signal might be obscured by strong internal variability at a regional scale. The goal of this study is to investigate the emergence of anthropogenic signal in mean and extreme precipitation trends across China by using two large ensembles (CanESM2-LE and Community Earth System Model (CESM)-LE) of simulations during 1961–2010. Results show that the signal could not be detected in either mean or extreme precipitation trend during the current climate period (1961–2010). Following the RCP8.5 scenario, the signal is projected to emerge in mean precipitation around the 2020s and 2030s in the CanESM2-LE and CESM-LE, respectively, much earlier than in extreme precipitation. For extreme precipitation, the signal could be steadily detected no earlier than the 2030s for CanESM2-LE and the 2040s for CESM-LE. These projected times of emergence in precipitation changes highlight the urgency of preparing for an uncharted hydrological future dominated by anthropogenic warming.
Rydberg multidimensional states: Rényi and Shannon entropies in momentum space
Authors: Aptekarev A I , Belega E D , Dehesa J S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work the momentum spreading of a multidimensional hydrogenic system in highly excited (Rydberg) states is quantified by means of the Rényi and Shannon entropies of its momentum probability density. These quantities, which rest at the core of numerous fields from atomic and molecular physics to quantum technologies, are determined by means of a methodology based on the strong degree-asymptotics of a modified

L

q

-norm of the Gegenbauer polynomials which control the wavefunctions of these states in momentum space. The leading term of these entropic quantities is found from first principles, i.e. by means of the Coulomb potential parameters (space dimensionality, the nuclear charge) and the states’s hyperquantum numbers, in a rigorous simple manner. It is shown that they fulfill a logarithmic growth scaling law with the principal hyperquantum number n which characterizes the Rydberg state.
The peppermint breath test: a benchmarking protocol for breath sampling and analysis using GC–MS
Authors: Wilkinson M , White I , Hamshere K , Holz O , Schuchardt S , Bellagambi F G , Lomonaco T , Biagini D , Di Francesco F , Fowler S J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which offer the potential for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of diseases. As the breath research field has grown, sampling and analytical practices have become highly varied between groups. Standardisation would allow meta-analyses of data from multiple studies and greater confidence in published results. Washout of VOCs from ingestion into the blood and subsequently breath could provide data for an initial assessment of inter-group performance. The Peppermint Initiative has been formed to address this task of standardisation. In the current study we aimed to generate initial benchmark values for thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS) analysis of breath samples containing peppermint-derived VOCs using data from three independent European research groups. Initially, headspace analysis of peppermint oil capsules was performed to determine compounds of interest. Ten healthy participants were recruited by each three groups across Europe. The standard Peppermint protocol was followed. In brief, each participant provided a baseline breath sample prior to taking a peppermint capsule, with further samples collected at 60, 90, 165, 285 and 360 min following ingestion. Sampling and analytical protocols were different for each group, in line with their usual practice. Samples were analysed by TD–GC–MS and benchmarking values determined for the time taken for detected peppermint VOCs to return to baseline values. Sixteen compounds were identified in the capsule headspace, and all were confirmed in breath following ingestion of the peppermint capsules. Additionally, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole was uniquely found in the breath samples, with a washout profile that suggested it was a product of metabolism of peppermint compounds. Five compounds (α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, menthol and menthone) were quantified by all three groups. Differences were observed between the groups, particularly for the recovery of menthone and menthol. The average time taken for VOCs to return to baseline was selected as the benchmark and were 377, 423, 533, 418 and 336 min for α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, menthone and menthol respectively. We have presented an initial set of easy-to-measure benchmarking values for assessing the performance of TD–GC–MS systems for the analysis of VOCs in breath. These values will be updated when more groups provide additional data.
Advances in continuous-flow based microfluidic PCR devices—a review
Authors: Kulkarni Madhusudan B , Goel Sanket 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method typically active in genetic research, especially to amplify or copy genes. Herein, the application of microfluidic devices for nucleic acid amplification has recently been extensively and vigorously studied and implemented. However, the existing classical instruments are hefty, excessive thermal loss, more power consumption, laborious, and require more execution time. Further, it is hard to establish a platform to integrate, automate, and miniaturize the microdevice on a solo stage for testing and analyzing. There has been substantial innovation in the development of continuous-flow based microfluidic PCR micro-devices in the last few decades because of their widespread applications. The continuous-flow microfluidic PCR microdevice enables several features like compact device, portability, repeatability, miniaturization, and integration with a marginal sample reaction volume. It also permits rapid testing and identification of the genetic sample with high-throughput and increased efficiency and output stability of the microdevice by using minimum accessories for its operation. In this review, the recent trends towards the advancement and miniaturization of the assessments using PCR technique with many distinct novel based microchannel designs, fabrication and bonding method, and other associated approaches in the development of continuous-flow based microfluidic PCR devices for the quantification and detection of the nucleic acids. This review discusses concepts like Automation, Integration, and Miniaturization (AIM) with different approaches and applications using continuous-flow based PCR devices.
Cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in humans
Authors: Luo Kai , Luo Xianghua , Cao Wenhao , Hochalter J Bradley , Paiano Viviana , Sipe Christopher J , Carmella Steven G , Murphy Sharon E , Jensen Joni , Lam Stephen , Golin Andrew P , Bergstrom Lori , Midthun David , Fujioka Naomi , Hatsukami Dorothy , Hecht Stephen S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough it is well established that human cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes are induced by cigarette smoking through activation of the Ah receptor, it is not known whether this leads to increased metabolic activation or detoxification of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are present in cigarette smoke and the general environment. We gave oral doses of deuterated phenanthrene ([D10]Phe), a non-carcinogenic surrogate of carcinogenic PAH such as benzo[a]pyrene, to smokers (N = 170, 1 or 10 μg doses) and non-smokers (N = 57, 1 μg dose). Bioactivation products (dihydrodiol and tetraol) and detoxification products (phenols) of [D10]Phe were determined in 6-h urine to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile. Cigarette smoking increased the bioactivation of [D10]Phe and decreased its detoxification resulting in significantly different metabolic patterns between smokers and non-smokers (P &lt; 0.01), consistent with increased cancer risk in smokers. The Phe bioactivation ratios ([D10]PheT/total [D9]OHPhe) were significantly higher (2.3 (P &lt; 0.01) to 4.8 (P &lt; 0.001) fold) in smokers than non-smokers. With solid human in vivo evidence, our results for the first time demonstrate that cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of Phe, structurally representative of carcinogenic PAH, in humans, strongly supporting their causal role in cancers caused by smoking. The results suggest potential new methods for identifying smokers who could be at particularly high risk for cancer.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Associations With Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, and Neuronal Injury
Authors: Jiang Wei , Luo Zhenwu , Stephenson Sophie , Li Hong , Di Germanio Clara , Norris Philip J , Fuchs Dietmar , Zetterberg Henrik , Gisslen Magnus , Price Richard W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased systemic microbial translocation, neuroinflammation, and occasionally, neuronal injury. Whether systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) penetrates into the brain and contributes to neuroinflammation remain unknown in HIV. Here, we measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LPS levels along with biomarkers of neuroinflammation (white blood cell counts and 40 soluble markers) and neurofilament light chain (NfL). Notably, CSF LPS was undetectable in all samples, including 3 HIV-infected individuals with dementia. Increased plasma LPS, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction were found in untreated HIV-infected individuals, but not in healthy or treated HIV-infected individuals. Plasma LPS levels were directly correlated with various markers of inflammation in both plasma and CSF, as well as with degree of BBB permeability but not with CSF NfL in HIV-infected subjects. These results suggest that the magnitude of microbial translocation associates with neuroinflammation and BBB permeability in HIV without direct penetration into the central nervous system.
Predicting outcomes in central venous catheter salvage in pediatric central line–associated bloodstream infection
Authors: Walker Lorne W , Nowalk Andrew J , Visweswaran Shyam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a common, costly, and hazardous healthcare-associated infection in children. In children in whom continued access is critical, salvage of infected central venous catheters (CVCs) with antimicrobial lock therapy is an alternative to removal and replacement of the CVC. However, the success of CVC salvage is uncertain, and when it fails the catheter has to be removed and replaced. We describe a machine learning approach to predict individual outcomes in CVC salvage that can aid the clinician in the decision to attempt salvage.

Materials and Methods
Over a 14-year period, 969 pediatric CLABSIs were identified in electronic health records. We used 164 potential predictors to derive 4 types of machine learning models to predict 2 failed salvage outcomes, infection recurrence and CVC removal, at 10 time points between 7 days and 1 year from infection onset.

Results
The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve varied from 0.56 to 0.83, and key predictors varied over time. The infection recurrence model performed better than the CVC removal model did.

Conclusions
Machine learning–based outcome prediction can inform clinical decision making for children. We developed and evaluated several models to predict clinically relevant outcomes in the context of CVC salvage in pediatric CLABSI and illustrate the variability of predictors over time.