bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein M: new connections with diet, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tavernier Geneviève , Caspar-Bauguil Sylvie , Viguerie Nathalie 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
To focus on state-of-the-art knowledge on the apolipoprotein M (ApoM) physiology and physiopathology regarding metabolism.

Recent findings
In humans, the ApoM was recently described as secreted by adipocytes. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are associated with low circulating ApoM and adipose tissue APOM expression. Dieting-induced weight loss enhances adipose tissue expression and secretion, and exercise training increases plasma ApoM. The ApoM is a chaperone for the bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a specific role in inflammation. Its association with S1P in the inhibition of brown adipose tissue activity and subsequent insulin sensitivity was reported with the model of ApoM-deficient mouse.

Summary
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ responsible for obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity and dieting impact the adipose tissue secretory profile. The recent demonstration of ApoM being secreted by healthy adipocytes questions about the possible role of this adipose production in metabolic diseases. Low-circulating ApoM is associated with unhealthy metabolic phenotype. The lower circulating apoM during metabolic syndrome might be a cause of obesity-related comorbidities. Lifestyle interventions enhance ApoM production. Whether it acts in combination to S1P or other small lipidic molecules deserves further investigations.
Vestibular Rehabilitation for a Child With Posterior Fossa Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Flowers Meredith , Reneker Jennifer , Karlson Cynthia 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
This case report assesses gaze stability, postural control, and balance pre- and post–physical therapy intervention, including vestibular rehabilitation, in a 4-year-old child with posterior fossa syndrome following gross total resection of a juvenile astrocytoma brain tumor.

Summary of Key Points:
The child in this case study had improved balance and gaze stability, as determined by the Pediatric Balance Scale and the Dynamic Visual Acuity test upon completion of the 10-week intervention.

Statement of Conclusion and Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
This case provides preliminary support of the need for vestibular screening in children with a diagnosis of posterior fossa syndrome. The success of the intervention suggests that vestibular rehabilitation exercises can be modified for use in preschool-aged children, and the specific intervention outlined in this case report can be easily replicated in a variety of treatment settings.
Continuous Albuterol in Pediatric Acute Care: Study Demonstrates Safety Outside the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Messer Amanda F. , Sampayo Esther M. , Mothner Brent , Camp Elizabeth A. , Jones Jennifer , Brown Terri , Vachani Joyee 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
There are little data to support the use of continuous aerosolized albuterol (CAA) in the non-intensive care unit (ICU) or non-emergency department (ED) setting for pediatric asthma patients. A 2014 study demonstrated low rates of adverse outcomes associated with administration of CAA on the acute care unit; however, the authors do not describe additional outcomes. We sought to determine whether administration of CAA within a respiratory cohort on an acute care floor was feasible and safe.

Methods:
This quasi-experimental study evaluates data 1 year before and after (2014–2016) the initiation of CAA on the acute care inpatient unit for asthma patients 2−18 years of age. Outcome measures included ED and hospital length of stay (LOS), readmission rate, rapid response team activations, and transfers to ICU. Use of chest x-rays, viral studies, and hospital charges were also studied.

Results:
Seven hundred thirty-two patients met study criteria. Population demographics and severity of acute presentation were similar pre- and poststudy. ED LOS decreased poststudy, whereas overall hospital LOS was unchanged. Fifteen-day readmission rate decreased in the poststudy group. Only 4 rapid response activations occurred in the poststudy population. The poststudy group utilized fewer chest x-rays and viral studies. There was no change in overall hospital charges.

Conclusions:
With appropriate resources and safety processes in place, care of pediatric patients with status asthmaticus receiving CAA on an acute care unit, outside of the ICU, resulted in improved ED LOS with evidence of lower resource utilization and rare adverse outcomes.
Monocytes from men living with HIV exhibit heightened atherogenic potential despite long-term viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Angelovich Thomas A. , Trevillyan Janine M. , Hoy Jennifer F. , Wong Michelle E. , Agius Paul A. , Hearps Anna C. , Jaworowski Anthony 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
People living with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Monocytes play a key role in the early stages of atherosclerosis-driven CVD by forming lipid-laden foam cells within artery walls. HIV infection potentiates foam cell formation ex vivo, but the mechanisms contributing to this are not known.

Methods:
We investigated the atherosclerosis-promoting potential of monocytes from 39 virologically suppressed men living with HIV (MLHIV) on ART and no evidence of CVD, and 25 HIV-uninfected controls of comparable age, sex, smoking status and CVD risk.

Results:
Despite absence of clinical atherosclerosis in both MLHIV and uninfected cohorts (evidenced by a carotid intima–media thickness of 0.6 mm for both groups; P = 0.254), monocytes from MLHIV showed increased potential to form atherosclerosis-promoting foam cells compared with controls in an ex-vivo assay (36.6% vs. 27.6%, respectively, P = 0.003). Consistent with observations of persistent inflammation and immune/endothelial activation in ART-treated HIV infection, levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II, CXCL10 and soluble VCAM-1 were elevated in MLHIV (P ≤ 0.005 for all), but were not significantly associated with foam cell formation. Foam cell formation was associated with an impaired ability of monocytes to undergo reverse transmigration, and a reduced ability to efflux cholesterol ex vivo (P < 0.05 for both). Importantly, foam cell formation declined significantly with duration of viral suppression (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the persistence of HIV-related changes to the atherogenic potential of monocytes despite long-term viral suppression, and provide insights into mechanisms potentially driving increased CVD in ART-treated HIV infection.
Characteristics of Acquired Inhibitors to Factor VIII and Von Willebrand Factor Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cao Xiao-Yu , Li Meng-Tao , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiao-Feng , Zhang Feng-Chun , Hou Yong , Zhu Li-Xiu 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Because acquired hemophilia (AH) is a rare entity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we aimed to investigate the clinical features of SLE-related AH in Chinese patients.

Methods
This is a medical records review study carried out at a large tertiary care hospital in China from years 1986 to 2018. We searched the case database in Peking Union Medical College Hospital using the International Classification of Diseases. The clinical data on SLE-related AH patients were collected.

Results
A total of 9282 SLE patients had been hospitalized. Six female SLE-related AH patients were identified. Four patients had acquired hemophilia A (AHA), and 2 patients had acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Their mean age was 33.67 ± 13.77 years. Five patients had active disease. The mean SLE disease activity index measured at the time of diagnosis of AH was 10.50 ± 5.28. The average level of activated partial thromboplastin time was 86.5 seconds. Coexistence of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome and AHA was found in one case, and pulmonary embolism was observed 3 years later. After immunosuppressive therapy and symptomatic treatment, an overall remission rate of 83.3% was achieved.

Conclusions
The frequency of SLE-related AH was low. The development of AH in SLE patients frequently occurs with active disease. The AH could be the first clinical presentation of SLE. Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome and AHA could appear in the same SLE patient. Early and aggressive treatment contributes to a favorable prognosis.
Minimizing Risks of Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Donor Livers by Preferred Recipient Matching
Authors: Jackson Kyle R. , Motter Jennifer D. , Haugen Christine E. , Long Jane J. , King Betsy , Philosophe Benjamin , Massie Allan B. , Cameron Andrew M. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: December 2019

Background.Donor livers with ≥30% macrosteatosis (steatotic livers) represent a possible expansion to the donor pool, but are frequently discarded as they are associated with an increased risk of mortality and graft loss. We hypothesized that there are certain recipient phenotypes that would tolerate donor steatosis well, and are therefore best suited to receive these grafts.Methods.Using national registry data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients between 2006 and 2017, we compared 2048 liver transplant recipients of steatotic livers with 69 394 recipients of nonsteatotic (<30%) livers. We identified recipient factors that amplified the impact of donor steatosis on mortality and graft loss using interaction analysis, classifying recipients without these factors as preferred recipients. We compared mortality and graft loss with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers in preferred and nonpreferred recipients using Cox regression.Results.Preferred recipients of steatotic livers were determined to be first-time recipients with a model for end-stage liver disease 15–34, without primary biliary cirrhosis, and not on life support before transplant. Preferred recipients had no increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]:0.921.041.16;P= 0.5) or graft loss (HR:0.931.031.15;P= 0.5) with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers. Conversely, nonpreferred recipients had a 41% increased mortality risk (HR:1.171.411.70;P< 0.001) and 39% increased risk of graft loss (HR:1.161.391.66;P< 0.001) with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers.Conclusions.The risks of liver transplantation with steatotic donor livers could be minimized by appropriate recipient matching.
Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion Improves Early DCD Graft Function Compared With Hypothermic Machine Perfusion and Static Cold Storage
Authors: Urbanellis Peter , Hamar Matyas , Kaths J. Moritz , Kollmann Dagmar , Linares Ivan , Mazilescu Laura , Ganesh Sujani , Wiebe Aryn , Yip Paul M. , John Rohan , Konvalinka Ana , Mucsi Istvan , Ghanekar Anand , Bagli Darius J. , Robinson Lisa A. , Selzner Markus 
Published: December 2019

Background.
Better preservation strategies for the storage of donation after circulatory death grafts are essential to improve graft function and to increase the kidney donor pool. We compared continuous normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) with hypothermic anoxic machine perfusion (HAMP) and static cold storage (SCS) in a porcine kidney autotransplantation model.

Methods.
Porcine kidneys were exposed to 30 minutes of warm ischemia and then reimplanted following either 16 hours of either SCS, HAMP (LifePort 1.0), or NEVKP before autotransplantation (n = 5 per group). The contralateral kidney was removed. Animals were followed for 8 days.

Results.
Grafts preserved by NEVKP demonstrated improved function with more rapid recovery compared with HAMP and SCS (mean peak serum creatinine: 3.66 ± 1.33 mg/dL [postoperative d 1 [(POD1)], 8.82 ± 3.17 mg/dL [POD2], and 12.90 ± 2.19 mg/dL [POD3], respectively). The NEVKP group demonstrated significantly increased creatinine clearance calculated on POD3 (63.6 ± 19.0 mL/min) compared with HAMP (13.5 ± 10.3 mL/min, P = 0.001) and SCS (4.0 ± 2.6 mL/min, P = 0.001). Histopathologic injury scores on POD8 were lower in both perfused groups (NEVKP and HAMP, score: 1–1.5) compared with SCS (score: 1–3, P = 0.3), without reaching statistical significance.

Conclusions.
NEVKP storage significantly improved early kidney function compared with both cold preservation strategies, although HAMP also demonstrates improvement over SCS. NEVKP may represent a novel, superior preservation option for donation after circulatory death renal grafts compared with conventional hypothermic methods.
Psychiatric Patients on Neuroleptics: Evaluation of Parkinsonism and Quantified Assessment of Gait
Authors: Yahalom Hila , Israeli-Korn Simon , Linder Muli , Yekutieli Ziv , Karlinsky Keren Tchelet , Rubel Yarin , Livneh Vered , Fay-Karmon Tsvia , Hassin-Baer Sharon , Yahalom Gilad 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
We aimed to characterize parkinsonian features and gait performance of psychiatric patients on neuroleptics (PPN) and to compare them to Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls (HC).

Methods
Hospitalized PPN (n = 27) were recruited, examined, and rated for parkinsonian signs according to the motor part of the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and performed a 10-m “timed-up-and-go” (TUG) test with a smartphone-based motion capture system attached to their sternum. Gait parameters and mUPDRS scores were compared to those of consecutive age-matched PD patients (n = 18) and HC (n = 27).

Results
Psychiatric patients on neuroleptics exhibited parkinsonism (mUPDRS score range: 8–44) but less than that of PD patients (18.2 ± 9.2 vs 29.8 ± 10.3, P = 0.001). TUG times were slower for PPN and PD versus HC (total: 30.6 ± 7.6 seconds vs 30.0 ± 7.3 seconds vs 20.0 ± 3.2 seconds, straight walking: 10.6 ± 2.7 seconds vs 10.6 ± 2.4 seconds vs 6.8 ± 1.2 seconds) (P < 0.001), and cadence and step length were similar among PPN and PD and different from HC as well. Although their gait speed was slower than HC but similar to PD, PPN had lower mediolateral sway (4.3 ± 1.1 cm vs 6.7 ± 2.9 cm vs 6.9 ± 2.9 cm, respectively, P < 0.001) than both.

Conclusions
Parkinsonism is very common in hospitalized PPN, but usually milder than that of PD. It seems that wearable sensor-based technology for assessing gait and balance may present a more sensitive and quantitative tool to detect clinical aspects of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism than standard clinical ratings.
Reprogramming of the apoplast metabolome ofLolium perenneupon infection with the mutualistic symbiontEpichloë festucae
Authors: Green Kimberly A , Berry Daniel , Feussner Kirstin , Eaton Carla J. , Ram Arvina , Mesarich Carl H. , Solomon Peter , Feussner Ivo , Scott Barry 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEpichloë festucaeis an endophytic fungus that forms a mutualistic symbiotic association withLolium perenne. Here we analysed how the metabolome of the ryegrass apoplast changed upon infection of this host with sexual and asexual isolates ofE. festucae. A metabolite fingerprinting approach was used to analyse the metabolite composition of apoplastic wash fluid from non-infected and infectedL. perenne. Metabolites enriched or depleted in one or both of these treatments were identified using a set of interactive tools. A genetic approach in combination with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify a novel product of a secondary metabolite gene cluster. Metabolites likely to be present in the apoplast were identified using the MarVis Pathway in combination with the BioCyc and KEGG databases, and an in-houseEpichloëmetabolite database. We were able to identify the known endophyte-specific metabolites, peramine and epichloëcyclins, as well as a large number of unknown markers. To determine whether these methods can be applied to the identification of novelEpichloë-derived metabolites, we deleted a gene encoding a NRPS (lgsA) that is highly expressedin planta. Comparative mass spectrometric analysis of apoplastic wash fluid from wild-type- versus mutant- infected plants identified a novel Leu/Ile glycoside metabolite present in the former.
Large scale genome-wide association study reveals that drought induced lodging in grain sorghum is associated with plant height and traits linked to carbon remobilisation
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Mace Emma , Tao Yongfu , Cruickshank Alan , Hunt Colleen , Hammer Graeme , Jordan David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSorghum is generally grown in water limited conditions and often lodges under post-anthesis drought, which reduces yield and quality. Due to its complexity, our understanding on the genetic control of lodging is very limited. We dissected the genetic architecture of lodging in grain sorghum through genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 2308 unique hybrids grown in 17 Australian sorghum trials over 3 years. The GWAS detected 213 QTL, the majority of which showed a significant association with leaf senescence and plant height (72% and 71% respectively). Only 16 lodging QTL were not associated with either leaf senescence or plant height. The high incidence of multi-trait association for the lodging QTL indicates that lodging in grain sorghum is mainly associated with plant height and traits linked to carbohydrate remobilisation. This result supported the selection for stay-green (delayed leaf senescence) to reduce lodging susceptibility, rather than selection for short stature and lodging resistanceper se, which likely reduces yield. Additionally, our data suggested a protective effect of stay-green on weakening the association between lodging susceptibility and plant height. Our study also showed that lodging resistance might be improved by selection for stem composition but was unlikely to be improved by selection for classical resistance to stalk rots.Key messageWe detected 213 lodging QTL and demonstrated that drought induced stem lodging in grain sorghum is substantially associated with stay-green and plant height, suggesting a critical role of carbon remobilisation.
In silicon emergence of an autonomous artificial metabolic system
Authors: Chen Shijian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we establish and evolve an artificial metabolic system in silicon to shed light on how the metabolic mechanism emerged. This system is composed of two subsystems: the artificial genome subsystem (AGS) and the artificial metabolite subsystem (AMS). The whole system is designed to be capable of being autonomous: the dynamics of AGS is capable of situating itself to the dynamics of AMS to provide it with enzymes in the right time and quantity; the dynamics of AMS is capable of implementing the metabolic function and harvest energy so as to pay back the energy consumption of AGS. This kind of autonomous state requires an intricate structure of the AGS. So it is almost impossible to be predetermined manually. With the help of an evolutionary computational method that has a hierarchical mutational structure, the artificial metabolic system with this kind of autonomous state eventually emerged in silicon. We find that ATP and ADP molecules have an important role in making the state of the system autonomous. We also find that the emerged structure of AGS ensemble existing biological structures in the natural cells.
Faecal DNA to the rescue: Shotgun sequencing of non-invasive samples reveals two subspecies of Southeast Asian primates to be Critically Endangered species
Authors: Ang Andie , Roesma Dewi Imelda , Nijman Vincent , Meier Rudolf , Srivathsan Amrita , Rizaldi  
Published: December 2019

AbstractA significant number of Southeast Asian mammal species described in the 19thand 20thcentury were subsequently synonymized and are now considered subspecies. Many are affected by rapid habitat loss and there is thus an urgent need to re-assess the conservation status based on species boundaries established with molecular data. However, such data are lacking for many populations and subspecies. We document via a literature survey and empirical study how shotgun sequencing of faecal DNA is a still underutilized but powerful tool for accelerating such evaluations. We obtain 11 mitochondrial genomes for three subspecies in the langur genusPresbytisthrough shotgun sequencing of faecal DNA (P. femoralis femoralis,P. f. percura,P. siamensiscf.cana). The genomes support the resurrection of all three subspecies to species based on multiple species delimitation algorithms (PTP, ABGD, Objective Clustering) applied to a dataset covering 40 species and 43 subspecies of Asian colobines. For two of the newly recognized species (P. femoralis,P. percura), the results lead to an immediate change in the IUCN status to Critically Endangered due to small population estimates and fragmented habitat. We conclude that faecal DNA should be more widely used for clarifying species boundaries in endangered mammals.
Quantitative Structure-Mutation-Activity Relationship Tests (QSMART) Model for Protein Kinase Inhibitor Response Prediction
Authors: Huang Liang-Chin , Yeung Wayland , Wang Ye , Cheng Huimin , Venkat Aarya , Li Sheng , Ma Ping , Rasheed Khaled , Kannan Natarajan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredicting drug sensitivity profiles from genotypes is a major challenge in personalized medicine. Machine learning and deep neural network methods have shown promise in addressing this challenge, but the “black-box” nature of these methods precludes a mechanistic understanding of how and which genomic and proteomic features contribute to the observed drug sensitivity profiles. Here we provide a combination of statistical and neural network framework that not only estimates drug IC50in cancer cell lines with high accuracy (R2= 0.861 and RMSE = 0.818) but also identifies features contributing to the accuracy, thereby enhancing explainability. Our framework, termed QSMART, uses a multi-component approach that includes (1) collecting drug fingerprints, cancer cell line’s multi-omics features, and drug responses, (2) testing the statistical significance of interaction terms, (3) selecting features by Lasso with Bayesian information criterion, and (4) using neural networks to predict drug response. We evaluate the contribution of each of these components and use a case study to explain the biological relevance of several selected features to protein kinase inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Specifically, we illustrate how interaction terms that capture associations between drugs and mutant kinases quantitatively contribute to the response of two EGFR inhibitors (afatinib and lapatinib) in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Although we have tested QSMART on protein kinase inhibitors, it can be extended across the proteome to investigate the complex relationships connecting genotypes and drug sensitivity profiles.