bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von der Kraft des Schwarzpulvers: Gunpowder in der Veterinärhomöopathie
Authors: Hentschel Brigitte , Seyfried Anne-Lore 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungObwohl unter Homöopathen weitgehend unbekannt, für die Homöopathie unvollständig geprüft und in den Repertorien hoffnungslos unterrepräsentiert, besitzt Gunpowder ein großes Heilungspotenzial. Aus drei kraftvollen Arzneimitteln zusammengesetzt, ist es in der Lage, bei septischen Zuständen unschätzbare Dienste zu leisten. Eigentlich sollte es in keiner homöopathischen Hausapotheke fehlen. Vor allem in der Veterinärmedizin, in der wir es tagtäglich mit infizierten Wunden zu tun haben, sollte dieses Mittel viel häufiger eingesetzt werden.
Im Pflanzenporträt: Die Süßholzwurzel (Glycyrrhiza radix)
Authors: Israel Sabine 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Süßholzwurzel (Glycyrrhiza radix) wird seit Jahrtausenden aufgrund ihrer antioxidativen, entzündungshemmenden, krampflösenden, sekretolytischen und schleimhautschützenden Eigenschaften geschätzt. Die Pflanze, ihre wichtigsten Inhaltsstoffe und deren unterschiedliche Wirkungen werden kurz beschrieben. Wissenschaftliche Studien untermauern dies und decken zahlreiche weitere Vorzüge dieser Heilpflanze auf. Insbesondere das antivirale Potenzial ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
Orale Immunkompetenz in der Corona-Pandemie vs. Systemrelevanz der Zahnmedizin
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Pfützner Andreas 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie hat das deutsche Gesundheitssystem im Jahr 2020 vor erhebliche Herausforderungen gestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es bemerkenswert, dass für die Zahnmedizin kein sogenannter Rettungsschirm aufgespannt wurde. Dies bedeutet, dass nach Ansicht der Bundesregierung Zahnärzte als nicht systemrelevant eingestuft wurden und somit offiziell auch nicht zu den Ärzten gehören. Diese Annahme ist grundfalsch und gefährlich, wie im Folgenden anhand eines wichtigen Beispiels erörtert wird.Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus führt bei infizierten Personen zu einem Beschwerdebild von leichten Erkältungszeichen bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen beatmungsbedürftigen COVID-19-Pneumonien. Ein besonderes Risiko für schwere Verläufe haben Menschen höheren Alters sowie Patienten mit Diabetes, Bluthochdruck und anderen schweren Erkrankungen. Die Haupteintrittspforte für das SARS-CoV-2-Virus in den menschlichen Körper ist u. a. die orale Mukosa, denn die Viren reichern sich dort bevorzugt an und der ACE2-Rezeptor wird dort hochgradig exprimiert. Dieser Penetrationsweg erklärt die häufigeren schweren Verläufe bei älteren Diabetespatienten, deren Immunsystem bereits generell beeinträchtigt ist. Diabetes mellitus induziert eine chronische systemische Entzündung, die sich gerade im Mundbereich regelmäßig als Parodontitis manifestiert. Bei Diabetikern zwangsläufig oft auftretende Hyperglykämien schwächen die Mukosa-Barriere zusätzlich. Es ist daher dringend ratsam, bei Präventionsmaßnahmen für Diabetespatienten den Mund- und Rachenraum nicht zu ignorieren. Neben der parodontalprophylaktischen Betreuung ist gerade in Absenz von Zahnärzten die aktivierte Matrix-Metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP8) ein etablierter Biomarker. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Prävention der SARS-CoV-2-assoziierten COVID-19-Erkrankung sollte daher um die Aspekte der Messung und Sanierung des Mund- und Rachenraums sowie einer regelmäßigen Desinfektion der oralen Mukosa erweitert werden.
Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Olefins and Alkynes: From Oxyalkynylation to Tethered Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DYKAT)
Authors: Nicolai Stefano , Orcel Ugo , Muriel Bastian , Greenwood Phillip D. G. , Buzzetti Luca , Puriņš Mikus , Waser Jerome 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review presents an account of the palladium-catalyzed functionalizations of alkenes and alkynes developed at the Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis (LCSO). Starting from the intramolecular oxy- and aminoalkynylation of alkenes, tethered methods were then developed to functionalize allylic amines and alcohols, as well as propargylic amines. Finally, a new dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation was developed based on the use of a ‘one-arm’ Trost-type ligand, giving access to enantiopure amino alcohols. Each section is a personal account by the researcher(s) who performed the work.1	Introduction,2	Oxy- and Aminoalkynylation of Olefins,3	In Situ Tethering Strategies for the Synthesis of Vicinal Amino Alcohols and Diamines,4	Carboamination of Allylic Alcohols,5	Carbooxygenation of Propargylic Amines,6	Enantioselective Carboetherification/Hydrogenation via a Catalytically Formed Chiral Auxiliary,7	Conclusion
Physiomimetic Models of Adenomyosis
Authors: Gnecco Juan S. , Brown Alex T. , Kan Ellen L. , Baugh Lauren , Ives Clara , Loring Megan , Griffith Linda G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdenomyosis remains an enigmatic disease in the clinical and research communities. The high prevalence, diversity of morphological and symptomatic presentations, array of potential etiological explanations, and variable response to existing interventions suggest that different subgroups of patients with distinguishable mechanistic drivers of disease may exist. These factors, combined with the weak links to genetic predisposition, make the entire spectrum of the human condition challenging to model in animals. Here, after an overview of current approaches, a vision for applying physiomimetic modeling to adenomyosis is presented. Physiomimetics combines a system's biology analysis of patient populations to generate hypotheses about mechanistic bases for stratification with in vitro patient avatars to test these hypotheses. A substantial foundation for three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering of adenomyosis lesions exists in several disparate areas: epithelial organoid technology; synthetic biomaterials matrices for epithelial–stromal coculture; smooth muscle 3D tissue engineering; and microvascular tissue engineering. These approaches can potentially be combined with microfluidic platform technologies to model the lesion microenvironment and can potentially be coupled to other microorgan systems to examine systemic effects. In vitro patient-derived models are constructed to answer specific questions leading to target identification and validation in a manner that informs preclinical research and ultimately clinical trial design.
Reconciling print-size and display-size constraints on reading
Authors: Atilgan Nilsu , Xiong Ying-Zi , Legge Gordon E. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Accessibility of digital text is essential in modern society. The growing use of small mobile displays forces attention to the competing requirements for adequate print size and adequate screen real estate. As print size gets larger, the number of characters per line and the number of lines per screen shrinks, ultimately affecting reading performance. This is particularly challenging for older people who may require larger print and for the growing population with low vision. We developed a unified framework for measuring the impact of print size and display size on the readability of text. We show how these constraints reduce the range of print size, and for some display formats, prevent some readers from maximizing their reading performance.
Marine wild-capture fisheries after nuclear war
Authors: Scherrer Kim J. N. , Harrison Cheryl S. , Heneghan Ryan F. , Galbraith Eric , Bardeen Charles G. , Coupe Joshua , Jägermeyr Jonas , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Luna August , Robock Alan , Stevens Jessica , Stevenson Samantha , Toon Owen B. , Xia Lili 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceNuclear conflict poses the chilling prospect of triggering abrupt global cooling, and consequently, severely reduced crop production. However, the impacts on marine fisheries are unknown. If agricultural yields fall on land, could we turn to the sea instead? Here, we show that agricultural losses could not be offset by the world’s fisheries, especially given widespread overfishing. Cold temperatures and reduced sunlight would decrease the growth of fish biomass, at worst as much as under unmitigated climate change. Although intensified postwar fishing could yield a small catch increase, dramatic declines would ensue due to overharvesting. However, effective prewar fisheries management would create a substantial buffer of fish in the ocean, greatly increasing the oceans’ potential contribution during a global food emergency.
A facile method of mapping HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes using chemically masked cysteines and deep sequencing
Authors: Datta Rohini , Roy Chowdhury Rohan , Manjunath Kavyashree , Hanna Luke Elizabeth , Varadarajan Raghavan 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Env, the major surface protein of HIV-1, is the primary target of the immune response elicited against HIV-1 and is therefore an important candidate for vaccine design. Vaccines confer protective immunity by eliciting neutralizing antibodies that not only bind to a virus but also prevent further infection. The knowledge of target sites (epitopes) of neutralizing antibodies on the viral surface is therefore a prerequisite for the design of effective vaccines. We have devised a high-throughput methodology to rapidly identify epitopes of monoclonal and polyclonal neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies on Env, at single-residue resolution. The methodology is useful for both design and testing of HIV-1 vaccines and can be readily extended to identify neutralizing epitopes in emerging viral infections.
Deafness mutation D572N of TMC1 destabilizes TMC1 expression by disrupting LHFPL5 binding
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Zhao Qirui , Li Xiaofen , Chen Yixuan , Tian Ye , Liu Shuang , Xiong Wei , Huang Pingbo 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The mechanotransduction (MT) complex in auditory hair cells converts the mechanical stimulation of sound waves into neural signals. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized physical and functional interactions of TMC1 and LHFPL5, two critical components of the MT complex, and provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which the D572N mutation in TMC1 causes deafness. Our findings also identify a missing link in the currently known physical organization of the MT micromolecular complex. Furthermore, by demonstrating the power of the microbead-based SiMPull assay for the biochemical examination of rare cells such as hair cells, this study opens up an avenue for the biochemical investigation of MT-complex proteins and other critical nonabundant proteins in hair cells.
Insights into coral bleaching under heat stress from analysis of gene expression in a sea anemone model system
Authors: Cleves Phillip A. , Krediet Cory J. , Lehnert Erik M. , Onishi Masayuki , Pringle John R. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots of great ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance. Their global decline under climate change and other stresses makes it urgent to understand the molecular bases of their responses to stress, including “bleaching,” in which the corals' photosynthetic algal symbionts are lost, thus depriving the host animals of a crucial source of energy and metabolic building blocks. We sought clues to the mechanisms that cause (or protect against) bleaching by analyzing the patterns of gene expression in a sea anemone relative of corals during exposure to a heat stress sufficient to induce bleaching. The results challenge some current ideas about bleaching while also suggesting hypotheses and identifying genes that are prime targets for future genetic analyses.
Scaling confirmation of the thermodynamic dislocation theory
Authors: Langer J. S. , Le K. C. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Conventional theories of the deformation of crystalline solids assume that the second law of thermodynamics is inapplicable to dislocations. As a result, they have been only descriptive and nonpredictive. In contrast, the thermodynamic dislocation theory (TDT), based directly on the second law, has proven capable of solving problems that are out of reach of conventional approaches. Examples include strain hardening, elastic–plastic yielding, shear banding, etc. We show that the fundamental assumptions of TDT predict a scaling relation and that this relation is confirmed by experiment. Our increased confidence in the TDT leads us to raise issues that need to be addressed for both basic and applied reasons. One example is the unsolved problem of fracture toughness in crystalline solids.
Review of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Saranu Ravikumar , Chanamala Ratnam , Putti SrinivasaRao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (Mg-MMC) plays a significant part in an extensive application such as chemical, automotive and aerospace application as because of its lightweight structural and low density properties. In this present investigation, the literature review of Mg-MMCs study includes, reinforcing substantial, processing techniques, Characterization, tribological and mechanical behavior of Mg-MMCs. Furthermore, the CNT, Carbonaceous, Fullerene, SiC, Al2O3, TiC, B4C, Graphenereinforced Mg-MMC articulates are explained in this study. Consequently, the mechanical behavior of tensile strength, hardness, compressive strength and tribological properties of wear rate and corrosion performance was analyzed for various state of the art methods. From the observation, it shows that the ceramic reinforcing increases the hardness and strength of the material. Nevertheless, the ductility was diminished, yet, the ductility and strength of Mg-MMCs can enhance by the titanium based metallic reinforcement.
Strength Behaviour of Clay Soil Stabilized With Lime
Authors: Arun kumar M , Kulanthaivel P , Selvapraveen S , Vinodhkumar S , Naveenraj V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Geotechnical Engineers are searching for new sustainable material, which can be suitable and effectively used to improves the engineering properties of clay soil. In this research lime is used as stabilizing material in the variable percentage of 1%,3%,5%,7%,9%,10%,12% and 15%. Lime is used as the admixture for soil stabilisation. Swelling pressure of the soil mixed with various proportions of lime such as 1, 7, 12 and 15%. Unconfined compression test, Plastic limit, Liquid limit, standard compaction proctor test, free swell index test and one-dimensional consolidation test are conducted to evaluate the clay soil strength in the laboratory. The experimental investigation results show that maximum strength improvement was achieved in the 12% lime mixed with clay soil and the strength improvement in the range of 300kPa. The results of the swelling test showed that applying lime to the soil decreases the swelling nature of clay soils.
Effect of Microsilica on Strength and Microstructure of the GGBS-based Cement composites
Authors: Khan M N , Singla S , Garg R , Garg R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cement production requires substantial energy and significantly accounts for global carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, the consumption of ordinary portland cement (OPC) must be reduced through incorporation of auxiliary materials. Also, the mechanical strength and durability of structures, in the construction industry, need to be improved for economizing the maintenance cost and increasing the service life. This study explores the effect of partial substitution of cement by granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and microsilica (MS), the industrial by-products. This study focuses on the use of 10% GGBS and 0-16% MS as a substituent of cement at a water binder ratio of 0.42. The fresh properties were determined to study the effect of these substituents. The compressive strength of all the mixes was determined after 3, 7, 28, and 56 days of treatment. The results were correlated through microstructural analysis. The study revealed that the cement composites with an optimal substituent dosage of 10% GGBS and 12% MS can attain adequate compressive strength and can be used for practical applications.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETER DURING TURNING OF A356/10%SiCp MMC USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH
Authors: Seeman M. , Sivaraj P. , Seetharaman R. , Ashok Kumar I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, an effort has been made more complex multi performance optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based desirability approach while machining of Al/10%SiC Particulate Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (PAMMC) produced through stir cast method. The effect of main cutting parameters like Cutting speed (V), Feed rate (F), Depth of cut (D) and Machining time (T) on the output responses of Tool flank wear (VBmax) and Surface roughness (Ra) were investigated. The most significant machining parameters were ascertained using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The contour plots are drawn for study effect cutting parameters and their interactions. From the study found that developed numberical model for tool flank wear and surface roughness is found to be adequate and used for predict the parameters within this experimental range.
Investigation on the Physical/Mechanical Properties of NAO brake friction Composites by using Kenaf fiber
Authors: Ramesh P. , Sai Krishnan G. , Ragu R. , Suresh G. , Srinivasan S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural fibers utilization for various applications is in increasing trend owing to its eco friendliness and ease availability. In this work the effect of kenaf fibers as key ingredient is studied for brake pad applications. The Consequences of kenaf fiber as reinforcement is studied for physical and mechanical properties. Kenaf fibers have been added in 3 different weight percentages from 0 wt% to 15 wt%. The developed composites were evaluated as per industrial standards. Properties such as density, ash content,hardness,water absorption and compressibility have been studied in this work. The brake pad samples were prepared and subjected for testing for various physical and mechanical properties. All the tests have been carried out by standard industrial procedure. Based on the results it can be clinched that the properties of hardness, density and content of ash density, decreased to certain extent and other properties such as compressibility, porosity and water absorption capacity increased with fiber loading of kenaf fiber. It can be concluded that the fiber loading has impact on the performance of fibers.
Chitosan-sodium lauryl sulfate/Eudragit S100 beads loaded with 5-fluorouracil: Influence of solvent and duration of crosslinking the crosslinking on physicochemical properties
Authors: Muniyandy Saravanan , Yi Lui Mei , Santhagunam Aruna , Chuah Lay Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chitosan beads loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were prepared by ionotropic gelation using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a crosslinking agent in presences of Eudragit S100. The objective was to improve the loading and sustained release of 5-FU. The influence of the solvent system, counter ion concentration, crosslinking time, and addition of Eudragit on particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency (E.E.), and in vitro release was investigated. The beads were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Spherical beads were produced with at least 2% SLS, and the resultant particle size was smaller with higher SLS concentration. FTIR has confirmed the incorporation of 5-FU and the electrostatic interaction involved in the formation of chitosan/SLS/Eudragit beads. TGA graph has shown a sharp weight loss between 225 °C and 250 °C in beads prepared with an alcoholic crosslinking solution. The amorphous nature of the entrapped drug was also revealed in the TGA. All batches exhibited 5-FU burst release within 30 min, and beads prepared with 2% SLS/Eudragit has displayed a sustained release up to 4 h in a dissolution medium of increasing pH. Further, the E.E. of 5-FU was increased with hydroalcoholic solvent, lower SLS concentration, and shorter crosslinking time.
Hydrogel biomaterials to support and guide vascularization
Authors: Chapla Rachel , West Jennifer L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Biomaterials can be intentionally designed to support and even guide vascularization for applications ranging from engineered organs to treatment of ischemic diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke. In order to appropriately design bioactive biomaterials for vascularization, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular events involved in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Cell-matrix and signaling biomolecule interactions that initiate and promote formation of vasculature in vivo can often be mimicked in biomaterial platforms. Hydrogels are frequently used in these applications because they are soft and hydrated with mechanical properties similar to soft tissues and because many synthetic hydrogels are essentially bioinert, allowing one to engineer in specific cell-material interactions. A variety of both naturally-derived and synthetic hydrogel bases are used for supporting vascularization, and these gels are tailored to possess mechanical properties, biodegradation, cell adhesive interactions, biochemical signaling, and/or architectural properties that can promote assembly and tubulogenesis by vascular cells. This article serves to review current hydrogel materials and the innovative design modifications implemented to guide and support the vascularization process.
Magnetic moment manipulation in hydrogen-peroxide-doped grafoil, pyrolytic graphite and Fe3C-filled multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fayazi Mahsa , Shuai Gao , Lei Li , He Yi , Boi Filippo S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Observation of granular superconductivity and percolative ferromagnetism in hydrogen/oxygen doped graphite materials has motivated recent research because of the unexplored scenarios in the field of magnetic-devices and spintronics. Here we report a novel investigation of the effects of hydrogen-peroxide-doping on the magnetic properties of grafoil, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and carbon nanotube (CNT) samples characterized by specific defective characteristics. ZFC and FC magnetic curves acquired on the undoped boundary-defect-rich grafoil samples from 2 K to 300 K, revealed a spin-glass-like behaviour, with magnetic irreversibilities indicating the existence of percolative ferromagnetism. An enhancement in such effect was found in the post-doped samples below ∼70 K, together with a magnetic transition. This was evidenced further by ESR, with the appearance of a broad differential absorption peak at 77 K for g ∼ 3.54, compatible with antiferromagnetic ordering in presence of ferromagnetic multilayers. An analogous enhancement of ferromagnetic signals was found on sp3-defect-rich HOPG, with the appearance of localized ESR differential absorption features at g factors of ∼ 2.14, ∼2.08, ∼2.02, ∼ 1.91 and ∼ 1.86 at 77 K. Instead, comparisons performed in vacancy-rich doped CNTs revealed a significantly different trend, with an anomalous demagnetization of both the vacancy-rich graphitic CNT layers and encapsulated Fe3C nanowires. These observations seem to highlight a possible role of specific defects towards modifications of magnetic correlation in presence of hydrogen/oxygen species.