bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Diego Noé , Pinto Giovana Boff Araujo , Thomé Edval Fernando , Machado Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos , Amorim Rogério Martins 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Lissencephaly is a brain malformation characterized by smooth and thickened cerebral surface, which may result in structural epilepsy. Lissencephaly is not common in veterinary medicine. Here, we characterize the first cases of lissencephaly in four Shih Tzu dogs, including clinical presentations and findings of magnetic resonance imaging of lissencephaly and several concomitant brain malformations.

Case presentation
Early-onset acute signs of forebrain abnormalities were observed in all dogs, which were mainly cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. Based on neurological examination, the findings were consistent with symmetrical and bilateral forebrain lesions. Metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases were excluded. Magnetic resonance imaging for three dogs showed diffuse neocortical agyria and thickened gray matter while one dog had mixed agyria and pachygyria. Other features, such as internal hydrocephalus, supracollicular fluid accumulation, and corpus callosum hypoplasia, were detected concomitantly. Antiepileptic drugs effectively controlled cluster seizures, however, sporadic isolated seizures and signs of forebrain abnormalities, such as behavioral alterations, central blindness, and strabismus persisted.

Conclusions
Lissencephaly should be considered an important differential diagnosis in Shih Tzu dogs presenting with early-onset signs of forebrain abnormalities, including cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. Magnetic resonance imaging was appropriate for ante-mortem diagnosis of lissencephaly and associated cerebral anomalies.
Research ethics and refugee health: a review of reported considerations and applications in published refugee health literature, 2015-2018
Authors: Seagle Emma E. , Dam Amanda J. , Shah Priti P. , Webster Jessica L. , Barrett Drue H. , Ortmann Leonard W. , Cohen Nicole J. , Marano Nina N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Public health investigations, including research, in refugee populations are necessary to inform evidence-based interventions and care. The unique challenges refugees face (displacement, limited political protections, economic hardship) can make them especially vulnerable to harm, burden, or undue influence. Acute survival needs, fear of stigma or persecution, and history of trauma may present challenges to ensuring meaningful informed consent and establishing trust. We examined the recently published literature to understand the application of ethics principles in investigations involving refugees.

Methods
We conducted a preliminary review of refugee health literature (research and non-research data collections) published from 2015 through 2018 available in PubMed. Article inclusion criteria were: participants were refugees, topic was health-related, and methods used primary data collection. Information regarding type of investigation, methods, and reported ethics considerations was abstracted.

Results
We examined 288 articles. Results indicated 33% of investigations were conducted before resettlement, during the displacement period (68% of these were in refugee camps). Common topics included mental health (48%) and healthcare access (8%). The majority (87%) of investigations obtained consent. Incentives were provided less frequently (23%). Most authors discussed the ways in which community stakeholders were engaged (91%), yet few noted whether refugee representatives had an opportunity to review investigational protocols (8%). Cultural considerations were generally limited to gender and religious norms, and 13% mentioned providing some form of post-investigation support.

Conclusions
Our analysis is a preliminary assessment of the application of ethics principles reported within the recently published refugee health literature. From this analysis, we have proposed a list of best practices, which include stakeholder engagement, respect for cultural norms, and post-study support. Investigations conducted among refugees require additional diligence to ensure respect for and welfare of the participants. Development of a refugee-specific ethics framework with ethics and refugee health experts that addresses the need for stakeholder involvement, appropriate incentive use, protocol review, and considerations of cultural practices may help guide future investigations in this population.
Non-coding RNAs in cancer: platforms and strategies for investigating the genomic “dark matter”
Authors: Grillone Katia , Riillo Caterina , Scionti Francesca , Rocca Roberta , Tradigo Giuseppe , Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Alcaro Stefano , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Tassone Pierfrancesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe discovery of the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the onset and progression of malignancies is a promising frontier of cancer genetics. It is clear that ncRNAs are candidates for therapeutic intervention, since they may act as biomarkers or key regulators of cancer gene network. Recently, profiling and sequencing of ncRNAs disclosed deep deregulation in human cancers mostly due to aberrant mechanisms of ncRNAs biogenesis, such as amplification, deletion, abnormal epigenetic or transcriptional regulation. Although dysregulated ncRNAs may promote hallmarks of cancer as oncogenes or antagonize them as tumor suppressors, the mechanisms behind these events remain to be clarified. The development of new bioinformatic tools as well as novel molecular technologies is a challenging opportunity to disclose the role of the “dark matter” of the genome. In this review, we focus on currently available platforms, computational analyses and experimental strategies to investigate ncRNAs in cancer. We highlight the differences among experimental approaches aimed to dissect miRNAs and lncRNAs, which are the most studied ncRNAs. These two classes indeed need different investigation taking into account their intrinsic characteristics, such as length, structures and also the interacting molecules. Finally, we discuss the relevance of ncRNAs in clinical practice by considering promises and challenges behind the bench to bedside translation.
Multiorgan failure following gastroenteritis: a case report
Authors: De Zylva Joseph , Padley James , Badbess Rassam , Dedigama Maneesha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This report highlights the first published case of fatal septic shock associated with Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus avium bacteremia due to infective gastroenteritis.

Case presentation
We report a case of hepatic infarction, abscess, and death following gastroenteritis in a 63-year-old Aboriginal man who initially presented to a rural hospital with suspected food poisoning. The patient had persistent fever and was commenced on empirical antibiotics. His blood culture results were positive for Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus avium. He was transferred to a tertiary center but developed organ failure and refractory shock. Initial computed tomography of the abdomen was unremarkable, but repeat imaging showed small bowel enteritis, hepatic abscess, and infarction as a result of portal vein septic thromboembolism. Despite maximal intensive care treatment, including percutaneous drainage of hepatic abscess and broad antibiotic cover, the patient died 6 days after initial presentation.

Conclusions
This case highlights the rare but commonly fatal course of sepsis associated with Clostridium perfringens bacteremia and demonstrates detrimental effects of coinfection with Enterococcus avium, including potential for rapidly seeding abscess formation. Lessons for rural practice are highlighted, including the need for urgent and early referral for intensive care support, particularly for patients with complex comorbidities.
Changes of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Ectopic Fat in Response to Weight-loss Diets: the POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Li Xiang , Sun Dianjianyi , Zhou Tao , Ma Hao , Heianza Yoriko , Liang Zhaoxia , Bray George A , Sacks Frank M , Qi Lu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
Recent evidence has related circulating branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs) to ectopic fat distribution.

Objective
To investigate the associations of changes in plasma BCAAs induced by weight-loss diet interventions with hepatic fat and abdominal fat, and potential modification by different diets.

Design, Setting, and Participants
The current study included 184 participants from the 2-year Preventing Overweight and Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial with repeated measurements on plasma BCAAs, hepatic fat, and abdominal fat over 2 years.

Main Outcome Measures
Repeated measurements of hepatic fat, abdominal fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT).

Results
Over 2 years, a decrease in total plasma BCAAs was significantly associated with improvement in hepatic density (a marker for hepatic fat; P = 0.02) and reductions in abdominal fat, including VAT, SAT, and TAT (all P &lt; 0.05) in the main analyses. Additionally, we observed that decreases in BCAAs were associated with decreased insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides, independent of weight loss (all P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, we found that dietary protein intake significantly modified the relation between changes in total plasma BCAAs and hepatic density at 6 months (Pinteraction = 0.01). Participants with a larger decrease in total BCAAs showed a greater increase in hepatic density when consuming a high-protein diet, compared with those with a smaller decrease or increase in total BCAAs.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that weight-loss diet-induced decrease in plasma BCAAs is associated with reductions of hepatic and abdominal fat. In addition, dietary protein intake may modify these associations.
Plasma Clusterin as a Potential Link Between Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Ha Junghee , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Hyunjeong , Park Minsun , Cho So Yeon , Lee Jimin , Lee Jun-Young , Kim Eosu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Plasma clusterin, a promising biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD), has been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, clusterin has not been investigated considering a relationship with both DM and AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the individual and interactive relationships of plasma clusterin levels with both diseases.

Design
Cross-sectional observation study.

Methods
We classified participants by the severity of cognitive (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and AD) and metabolic (healthy control, prediabetes, and DM) impairments. We evaluated the cognitive and metabolic functions of the participants with neuropsychological assessments, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and various blood tests, to explore potential relationships with clusterin.

Results
Plasma clusterin levels were higher in participants with AD and metabolic impairment (prediabetes and DM). A two-way ANCOVA revealed no synergistic, but an additive effect of AD and DM on clusterin. Clusterin was negatively correlated with cognitive scores. It was also associated with metabolic status indicated by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index, and fasting C-peptide. It showed correlations between medial temporal atrophy and periventricular white matter lesions, indicating neurodegeneration and microvascular insufficiency, respectively. Further mediation analysis to understand the triadic relationship between clusterin, AD, and DM revealed that the association between DM and AD was significant when clusterin is considered as a mediator of their relationship.

Conclusions
Clusterin is a promising biomarker of DM as well as of AD. Additionally, our data suggest that clusterin may have a role in linking DM with AD as a potential mediator.
Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Subtype Diagnosis of Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Burrello Jacopo , Burrello Alessio , Pieroni Jacopo , Sconfienza Elisa , Forestiero Vittorio , Rabbia Paola , Adolf Christian , Reincke Martin , Veglio Franco , Williams Tracy Ann , Monticone Silvia , Mulatero Paolo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
Primary aldosteronism (PA) comprises unilateral (lateralized [LPA]) and bilateral disease (BPA). The identification of LPA is important to recommend potentially curative adrenalectomy. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the gold standard for PA subtyping, but the procedure is available in few referral centers.

Objective
To develop prediction models for subtype diagnosis of PA using patient clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Design, Patients and Setting
Patients referred to a tertiary hypertension unit. Diagnostic algorithms were built and tested in a training (N = 150) and in an internal validation cohort (N = 65), respectively. The models were validated in an external independent cohort (N = 118).

Main outcome measure
Regression analyses and supervised machine learning algorithms were used to develop and validate 2 diagnostic models and a 20-point score to classify patients with PA according to subtype diagnosis.

Results
Six parameters were associated with a diagnosis of LPA (aldosterone at screening and after confirmatory testing, lowest potassium value, presence/absence of nodules, nodule diameter, and computed tomography results) and were included in the diagnostic models. Machine learning algorithms displayed high accuracy at training and internal validation (79.1%-93%), whereas a 20-point score reached an area under the curve of 0.896, and a sensitivity/specificity of 91.7/79.3%. An integrated flowchart correctly addressed 96.3% of patients to surgery and would have avoided AVS in 43.7% of patients. The external validation on an independent cohort confirmed a similar diagnostic performance.

Conclusions
Diagnostic modelling techniques can be used for subtype diagnosis and guide surgical decision in patients with PA in centers where AVS is unavailable.
Effect of Gut Microbiota and PNPLA3 rs738409 Variant on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Youth
Authors: Monga Kravetz Ayesha , Testerman Todd , Galuppo Brittany , Graf Joerg , Pierpont Bridget , Siebel Stephan , Feinn Richard , Santoro Nicola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease, affecting approximately 3 in 10 obese children worldwide.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD in obese youth, while considering the role of PNPLA3 rs738409, a strong genetic contributor to NAFLD.

Design
In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an abdominal magnetic resonance imaging to measure hepatic fat fraction (HFF), oral glucose tolerance test, and PNPLA3 rs738409 genotyping. Fecal samples were collected to analyze the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene for intestinal bacteria characterization.

Setting
Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic.

Participants
Obese youth (body mass index &gt;95th percentile) with NAFLD (HFF ≥5.5%; n = 44) and without NAFLD (HFF &lt;5.5%; n = 29).

Main Outcome Measure
Shannon-Wiener diversity index values and proportional bacterial abundance by NAFLD status and PNPLA3 genotype.

Results
Subjects with NAFLD had decreased bacterial alpha-diversity compared with those without NAFLD (P = 0.013). Subjects with NAFLD showed a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (P = 0.019) and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.010), Prevotella (P = 0.019), Gemmiger (P = 0.003), and Oscillospira (P = 0.036). F/B ratio, Bacteroidetes, Gemmiger, and Oscillospira were associated with HFF when controlling for group variations. We also observed an additive effect on HFF by PNPLA3 rs738409 and Gemmiger, and PNPLA3 rs738409 and Oscillospira.

Conclusions
Obese youth with NAFLD have a different gut microbiota composition than those without NAFLD. These differences were still statistically significant when controlling for factors associated with NAFLD, including PNPLA3 rs738409.
Comparative study between the Titanium Phosphate TiP2O7 and the Phosphate Fertilizers in the catalysis of the Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives synthesis
Authors: Merroun Youssef , Chehab Soukaina , Ghailane Tourya , Ghailane Rachida , Boukhris Said , Hassikou Amina , Habbadi Nouzha , Lakhrissi Brahim , Souizi Abdelaziz 
Published: June 2020

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives via condensation of anthranilamide with aromatic aldehyde catalyzed by monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and triple superphosphate (TSP), were developed. The modification of these three phosphate fertilizers using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl<sub>4</sub>) has increased their catalytic efficiency. The prepared titanium phosphate (TiP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) was characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic methods, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The TiP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> was applied for the first time as a heterogeneous catalyst in quinazolin-4(3H)-ones synthesis. High yields and short reaction times were observed in the determined optimal condition (solvent nature, volume, and catalyst amount). This study shows that the TiP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> presents an exciting catalytic activity and long-term durability compared to those of MAP, DAP, and TSP.
Analysis of a Strong Suppressor of Segregation Distorter in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Greenberg Temin Rayla 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Segregation Di st orter (SD) is a naturally occurring male meiotic drive system in Drosophila melanogaster, characterized by almost exclusive transmission of the SD chromosome owing to dysfunction of sperm receiving the SD+ homolog. Previous studies identified at least three closely linked loci on chromosome 2 required for distortion: Sd, the primary distorting gene; E(SD) (Enhancer of SD), which increases the strength of distortion; and Rsp (Responder), the apparent target of Sd. Strength of distortion is also influenced by linked upward modifiers including M(SD) (Modifier of SD) and St(SD) (Stabilizer of SD), and by various unlinked suppressors. Although Sd is known to encode a mutant RanGAP protein, none of the modifiers have been molecularly identified. This work focuses on the genetic and cytological characterization of a strong X-linked suppressor, Su(SD), capable of restoring Mendelian transmission in SD/SD+ males. Sd and its cohort of positive modifiers appear to act semiquantitatively in opposition to Su(SD) with distortion strength depending primarily on the total number of distorting elements rather than which particular elements are present. Su(SD) can also suppress male sterility observed in certain SD genotypes. To facilitate its eventual molecular identification, Su(SD) was localized by deletion mapping to polytene region 13C7-13E4. These studies highlight the polygenic nature of distortion and its dependence on a constellation of positive and negative modifiers, provide insight into the stability of Mendelian transmission in natural populations even when a drive system arises, and pave the way for molecular characterization of Su(SD) whose identity should reveal new information about the mechanism of distortion.
Embbed Dajare Word Play Process in “Shirokuma Café”
Authors: Salisah Talin , Sunarni Nani 
Published: June 2020

Pun, in English, is a word play that is very suitable for Japanese, which has many homonyms. The name of word play in Japanese is called dajare. Many experts mention the types of dajare, and one of the researchers mentioned that there are three types of dajare. These three of types are homophonic dajare, near-homophonic dajare, and embbed dajare. One of the three types of dajare is the main focus of research. This research explained the analysis of embbed dajare in an animated show titled ““Shirokuma Café””, the show that has a lot of dajare in conversations between Shirokuma and his friends which is seen from the vocabularies are used. The purpose of this research was to study how the embbed dajare word play process is used in the conversation between Shirokuma and the person he is talking to. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research showed that the same or similarity of sound and form of dajare does not guarantee the similarity of meaning between the referent word and the target word.
Chuugi Bushido Value in Animation Movie “Sengoku Musou” by Kojin Ochi
Authors: Wardana Ruditya Yogi , Rahayu Ely Triasih , Firmansyah Dian Bayu , Hartati Hartati 
Published: June 2020

This research was based on one of the most popular Japanese cultural value called Bushido, especially chuugi value in Sengoku Musou animated film by Kojin Ochi. The purposes of this research were: 1) Describing the implementation of chuugi value in bushido, 2) Describing the act of chuugi, and 3) Describing the act that deviate from chuugi. The method used in this research was a qualitative research method. The results of this study showed that there were 20 acts of chuugi and 5 acts that deviate from chuugi in Sengoku Musou animated film. Moreover, this research indicated that the act of chuugi can be motivated by several factors such as the aspect of obedience with orders, the desire to stay together, and the will to sacrifice everything for their master. On the other hand, the deviation of chuugi were occurred because of economic factor, depression factor, psychopathic factor, seeking a target for disappointment factor, and opposing social bonding factor
Implementation of Active Knowledge Sharing Strategy in Intermediate Level Dokkai through Scientific Approach
Authors: Oktaviany Feny , Philiyanti Frida , Prasetio Viana Meilani 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness and to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the Active Knowledge Sharing strategy through a scientific approach in the Dokkai. In learning Japanese, learners often encountered difficulties in reading comprehension or Dokkai. Based on a questionnaire, the difficulties including reading kanji, followed by vocabulary competence and grammar competence. On the other hand, the time limitation in class cause problems of learning method which teacher rarely provide an introduction step to students in the form of questions or vocabulary exercises related to the reading material they will deal with. To overcome this problem, we need a learning strategy that emphasize the cooperative learning among students to achieve the objective of comprehending a reading. We chose the strategy initiated by Silberman (2013), namely Active Knowledge Sharing, as a good way to introduce students to the subject matter that will be learned. In addition, by monitoring how students solving each other's problems in team, teacher can evaluate how much knowledge they have. In this study a scientific approach is complemented to support the active learning in this strategy. The study conducted using an experimental method with pretest and posttest design. The sample are 38 students of fifth semester students who take Dokkai III course. Based on the analysis of research data, it found that the Active Knowledge Sharing strategy through a scientific approach is effective in learning Dokkai III. The advantages are that students who are initially passive become actively participate in learning and students can also answer the meaning of vocabulary without depending on dictionary or smartphones, and students are encouraged to help each other in solving problems which help students to comprehend the contents of reading easier and faster. However there are the disadvantages of this strategy such as inability to enhance student’s critical thinking and less suitable for students who are more focused if studying alone.