bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden species diversity in Marcusenius moorii (Teleostei: Mormyridae) from the Congo Basin
Authors: Mambo Baba Taylor , Kisekelwa Tchalondawa , Danadu Mizani Célestin , Decru Eva , Vreven Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNew collections from the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) and Okapi Wildlife Reserve (OWR) revealed the presence of two groups of specimens similar to, but different from Marcusenius moorii. To study both these groups, an integrated morphological and genetic (mtDNA, cytb) approach was used. This study revealed that one of the two groups is conspecific with Marcusenius lambouri, a junior synonym of M. moorii, which is herein revalidated, with M. moorii longulus as its junior synonym. Marcusenius lambouri differs from M. moorii by a higher number of lateral line scales (44–46 vs. 40–43), a shorter pectoral‐fin length (14.6–19.9 vs. 20.3–25.2% standard length; LS) and a more elongated body due to a usually shallower middle body depth (19.8–26.5 vs. 26.3–35.9% LS). The other group revealed to be a new species for science, Marcusenius verheyenorum, which can be distinguished from its congeners with eight circumpeduncular scales by the following unique combination of characters: a rounded head with a terminal mouth; a short and deep caudal peduncle (middle caudal‐peduncle depth, 44.9–54.6% caudal‐peduncle length; LCP), a deep body (middle body depth, 27.7–34.2% LS), 38–43 scales on the lateral line, 40–41 vertebrae, 20–21 dorsal‐fin rays and 26 anal‐fin rays. Some specimens previously attributed to M. moorii were examined and reassigned to M. lambouri or M. verheyenorum. As a result, M. moorii and M. lambouri occur in sympatry in the middle Congo Basin, with the distribution area of M. moorii still further extending into the lower Congo Basin. Instead, the distribution of M. verheyenorum is limited to some right bank tributaries of the upstream part of the middle Congo Basin. Two museum records from the Lilanda River (YBR), collected in the 1950s and previously identified as M. moorii, were re‐identified as belonging to the new species, M. verheyenorum. However, the species now seems locally extinct in that region, which reflects the significant anthropogenic effects even within this reserve.
ON INDUSTRY MOMENTUM STRATEGIES
Authors: Grobys Klaus , Kolari James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we investigate industry momentum strategies. We find that industry portfolios that outperformed in the previous month generate on average significantly higher returns in the holding period than those that underperformed. Plain and risk‐managed strategies using this short‐run industry momentum are not subject to optionality effects. Also, the tail risks of these strategies are uncorrelated with traditional industry momentum strategies. The spread associated with the risk‐managed strategy both meets necessary conditions as a risk factor and is significantly priced in the cross‐section of U.S. industry portfolios.
Longitudinal Effects of Adolescent Abuse on Relationship Quality and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Mother–Adolescent Dyads
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Ledermann Thomas 
Published: December 2019

The current study examined dyadic reports of mother–adolescent relationship quality (RQ) as a mechanism by which emotional, physical, and sexual abuse affect posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time from a family systems perspective. We used three waves of data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), including 321 mother–adolescent dyads observed when adolescents were approximately 12, 14, and 16 years old. We used an extended version of the actor–partner interdependence mediation model to analyze the effect of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse on adolescents' PTSS through dyadic reports of mother–adolescent RQ. Results yielded significant indirect effects between sexual and emotional abuse, but not physical abuse, and PTSS 4 years later through adolescent perceptions of RQ. Maternal perceptions of RQ were not directly associated with adolescents' PTSS; however, maternal perceptions of RQ positively contributed to future adolescent perceptions of RQ. Clinical implications are discussed.
Desensitization of NMDA channels requires ligand binding to both GluN1 and GluN2 subunits to constrict the pore beside the activation gate
Authors: Chen Yu‐Shian , Tu Ya‐Chi , Lai Yi‐Chen , Liu Erin , Yang Ya‐Chin , Kuo Chung‐Chin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels are activated by glutamate (or NMDA) and glycine. The channels also undergo desensitization, which denotes decreased channel availability, after prolonged exposure to the activating ligands. Glycine apparently has a paradoxical negative effect on desensitization, as the increase in ambient glycine in concentrations required for channel activation would increase sustained NMDA receptor currents. We hypothesized that this classical “glycine‐dependent desensitization” could be glycine‐dependent activation in essence. By performing electrophysiological recordings and biophysical analyses with rat brain NMDA receptors heterogeneously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we characterized that the channel opened by “only” NMDA (in nominally glycine‐free condition probably with the inevitable nanomolar glycine) would undergo a novel form of deactivation rather than desensitization, and is thus fully available for subsequent activation. Moreover, external tetrapentylammonium ions (TPentA), tetrabutylammonium ions, and tetrapropylammonium ions (TPA, in higher concentrations) block the pore and prohibit channel desensitization with a simple “foot‐in‐the‐door” hindrance effect. TpentA and TPA have the same voltage dependence but show different flow dependence in binding affinity, revealing a common binding site at an electrical distance of ~0.7 from the outside yet differential involvement of the flux‐coupling region in the external pore mouth. The smaller tetraethylammonium ion and the larger tetrahexylammonium and tetraheptylammonium ions may block the channel but could not affect desensitization. We conclude that NMDA receptor desensitization requires concomitant binding of both glycine and glutamate, and thus movement of both GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. Desensitization gate itself embodies a highly restricted pore reduction with a physical distance of ~4 Å from the charged nitrogen atom of bound tetraalkylammonium ions, and is located very close to the activation gate in the bundle‐crossing region in the external pore vestibule.
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Land outsourcing and labour contracting: Labour management in China's capitalist farms
Authors: Yiyuan Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDifficulty in labour supervision has been considered to be one of the obstacles to the development of capitalist agriculture. This paper presents two distinctive labour management strategies in China's large‐scale agriculture, which contribute to the development of agrarian capitalism in China. As shown in these cases, agribusiness companies engaged in grain crop production retreat from direct labour management by outsourcing crop cultivation, while acquiring profits from upstream and downstream activities. On the other hand, capitalist producers, who are involved in the labour‐intensive and capital‐intensive crop production, tend to mobilize local elites to manage the farmworkers. Although independent labour contracting services have not emerged, a specialized group of labour contractors is being cultivated. Rural social resources are utilized in labour recruitment and supervision to minimize the labour management costs in both strategies. However, the conflicts between capital and labour are covered or replaced instead of being settled.
Longitudinal studies can identify distinct inflammatory cytokines associated with the inhibition or progression of liver cancer
Authors: Mirshahi Faridoddin , Aqbi Hussein F. , Cresswell Kellen , Saneshaw Mulugeta , Coleman Cara , Jacobs Taylor , Idowu Michael O. , Dozmorov Mikhail , Sanyal Arun J. , Manjili Masoud H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated with chronic inflammation. However, controversial reports as to the key cytokines involved in the process of chronic inflammation hinder development of targeted therapies for patients. This is because, chronic inflammatory process cannot be fully understood by studying the mechanisms of the disease in a short‐term or isolated fashion. Understanding of the trend of inflammatory cytokines through longitudinal studies could provide a profound insight into the process of disease progression.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal analysis of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and faecal microbiome dysbiosis associated with the diet‐induced progression of NAFLD to HCC in diet‐induced animal model of NAFLD comparing males and females, since males show a higher incidence of these diseases than females do.ResultsLongitudinal analyses revealed that a transient and timely increase in LIF and TMIP1 was associated with the inhibition of the progression of NAFLD to HCC in females. On the other hand, chronically increasing trends in CCL12, CCL17, CXCL9 and LIX/CXCL5 were associated with the promotion of the progression of NAFLD to HCC in males.ConclusionsWe provided empirical evidence that a methodological shift from snapshot observations to longitudinal data collection and analysis can provide a better understanding of chronic liver diseases.
The interaction between Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporothrix brasiliensis with Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Lemos Tavares Priscila , Carvalho Ribeiro Amanda , Kercher Berte Francisco , da Silva Hellwig Alessandra Helena , Machado Pagani Danielle , Tavares de Souza Carine Cristina , Brittes Rott Marilise , Scroferneker Maria Lúcia 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundSporotrichosis is a group of zoonotic subcutaneous mycoses, found worldwide and caused by fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix. Protozoans of the genus Acanthamoeba are widely distributed, and some species may be pathogenic and/or opportunistic. These organisms coexist in the same environment and may interact.ObjectivesThis study determined the profile of interactions of S schenckii sensu stricto and S brasiliensis with A castellanii, using an in vitro co‐culture model to evaluate the intrinsic characteristics of the two Sporothrix species and A castellanii.MethodsWe compared the rate of phagocytosis of S schenckii sensu stricto and S brasiliensis by A castellanii; the viability of S schenckii sensu stricto and S brasiliensis after contact with A castellanii; the viability of the amoeba after contact with a fungal species; and the influence of S schenckii sensu stricto and S brasiliensis on the encystment process of A castellanii.ResultsThe analyses indicated that A castellanii phagocytised both S schenckii and S brasiliensis, with significantly more S schenckii than S brasiliensis in the first two hours of contact. Our results showed a significant increase in conidia and hyphae count after 72 hours of co‐culture of A castellanii with S brasiliensis, and the amoebae lysed after they ingested the fungi, indicating that the fungi probably used the amoebae as a source of nutrition.ConclusionsOur results were obtained in vitro and these organisms may not behave similarly in vivo; in vivo studies of co‐infections are necessary in order to gain a thorough understanding of this relationship.
Perinatal depressive symptoms among Thai women: A hospital‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Manwong Mereerat , Eriksson Leif , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe authors of this longitudinal study investigated risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms and differences in depressive symptoms at late pregnancy and at 1 and 3 months postpartum. In Sakhonnakhon Province, in northeastern Thailand, 449 women were recruited during late pregnancy and followed at 1 and 3 months postpartum with the use of psychosocial factors. Depressive symptom scores were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The scores were compared using dependent‐samples t‐tests, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for depressive symptoms at 1 and 3 months postpartum. EPDS scores decreased from late pregnancy to 1 month postpartum and remained on the same level until 3 months postpartum. Low psychological well‐being scores and low personal monthly income were risk factors for increased EPDS scores at 1 and 3 months postpartum. Pregnant women in Thailand who have a low income, have limited social support, and report low psychological well‐being are at increased risk for postpartum depression. Results of this study suggest they should be screened for depressive symptoms during pregnancy, referred for diagnosis, and provided treatment to reduce the risk of ongoing depressive symptoms during the postpartum period.
Investigation of interference from synthetic colloids on the performance of a canine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin immunoassay
Authors: Davis Jennifer , Rossi Gabriele , Miller David W. , Shiel Robert E. , Raisis Anthea L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSynthetic colloid solutions, administered by rapid infusion to volume‐depleted dogs, might be present in high concentrations in subsequent urine samples. The potential for these solutions to affect the performance of ELISA measurements due to sample matrix effects when studying kidney injury biomarkers requires investigation.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate two different synthetic colloid solutions, 4% succinylated bovine gelatin (GEL) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), for potential interferences with a commercially available canine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) ELISA.MethodsAssay interference was assessed by measuring the linearity of NGAL concentrations measured using a canine NGAL ELISA after serial dilution of a canine pooled urine sample with an assay diluent, GEL, or HES.ResultsNGAL recovery from urine specimens containing up to 75% HES and up to 62.5% GEL was within acceptable limits (80%‐120%). NGAL recovery from the urine specimen containing 75% GEL was poor (76%). Linear regression analysis demonstrated excellent linearity under dilution when a canine urine sample was diluted with the assay diluent, GEL, or HES.ConclusionsThe presence of large amounts (>62.5%) of GEL in canine urine samples could cause negative interference in the performance of the NGAL ELISA investigated.
Genetic variation in tolerance to defoliation in Cirsium arvense
Authors: Cripps M G , Dowsett C A , Jackman S D , van Koten C , Goeke D F , Houliston G J 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe perennial weed, Cirsium arvense (creeping, Canada or Californian thistle), is notorious for its ability to tolerate defoliation by mowing, herbivores or herbicides. The tolerance of 36 genotypes of C. arvense was examined by establishing pairs of clonal replicates that were assigned to a clipped or unclipped treatment. Three clippings were applied from spring to early summer to simulate repeated mowing. The average final percentage reduction caused by the repeated clipping was 18%, 72%, 32% and 50% for shoot biomass, root biomass, number of shoots and shoot height respectively. While nearly all genotypes were negatively affected by clipping, some overcompensated, and achieved greater shoot biomass, number of shoots, or increased height than their unclipped counterparts. No genotype was able to overcompensate, or fully tolerate, the lost root biomass due to repeated clipping. Genetic variation for tolerance to defoliation was detected for the number of shoots, maximum shoot height and for relative height growth rate. For relative growth rate, significant genetic variation was not detected until after the third clipping event, indicating that genotypes were equally tolerant to a moderate degree of defoliation, but upon more severe defoliation, genetic differences were evident. Since repeated defoliation is a recommended control technique, selection for more tolerant genotypes is possible and should be considered for the management of this weed.
Regional contributions of nitric oxide synthase to cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in young men
Authors: McGarr Gregory W. , Ghassa Reem , Fujii Naoto , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We evaluated whether regional variations exist in NO‐dependent cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during cholinergic stimulation.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Peak cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating were greater on the torso than the forearm. Furthermore, we found that NO was an important modulator of cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation, but not sweating, across body regions, with a greater contribution of NO to cutaneous vasodilatation in the limb compared with the torso. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms influencing regional variations in cutaneous vasodilator and sweating responses to pharmacological stimulation.
AbstractRegional variations in cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating exist across the body. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important modulator of these heat loss responses in the forearm. However, whether regional differences in NO‐dependent cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating exist remain uncertain. In 14 habitually active young men (23 ± 4 years of age), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC%max) and local sweat rates were assessed at six skin sites. On each of the dorsal forearm, chest and upper back (trapezius), sites were continuously perfused with either lactated Ringer solution (control) or 10 mm Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NNA; an NO synthase inhibitor) dissolved in Ringer solution, via microdialysis. At all sites, cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating were induced by co‐administration of the cholinergic agonist methacholine (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 2000 mm; 25 min per dose) followed by 50 mm sodium nitroprusside (20–25 min) to induce maximal vasodilatation. The l‐NNA attenuated CVC%max relative to the control conditions for all regions (all P < 0.05), and NO‐dependent vasodilatation was greater at the forearm compared with the back and chest (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, maximal vasodilatation was higher at the back and chest relative to the forearm (both P < 0.05). Conversely, l‐NNA had negligible effects on sweating across the body (all P > 0.05). Peak local sweat rate was higher at the back relative to the forearm (P < 0.05), with a similar trend observed for the chest. In habitually active young men, NO‐dependent cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation varied across the body, and the contribution to cholinergic sweating was negligible. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms influencing regional variations in cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during pharmacological stimulation.
Accidente por araña Loxosceles spp.: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: Aguilar Martínez Leonar , Sarmiento Acuña Karen , Sarmiento Acuña Karen , Salamanca Díaz Natalia , Segura Salguero Juan Camilo , Vargas Guerrero Luis Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

La picadura de la araña del género Loxosceles produce dermonecrosis en el sitio de la lesión y complicaciones sistémicas secundarias a reacciones enzimáticas de su veneno, lo que aumenta la tasa de mortalidad. El objetivo es reportar un caso de loxoscelismo en Bogotá a 2600 msnm, donde el paciente tuvo una evolución satisfactoria a pesar de la inexistencia del antiveneno como manejo ideal de la toxicidad.
Estimulación medular en el tratamiento de la angina refractaria
Authors: Rojas Borda Andrés Felipe , Aldana Bitar Jairo Alejandro , Acevedo González Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

La estimulación medular es considerada una opción eficaz de tratamiento en pacientes con diagnóstico de angina de pecho refractaria. A través del tiempo y con los resultados de los estudios clínicos, se ha posicionado como una alternativa segura que mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En este artículo se revisa su historia, la técnica, su mecanismo de acción, los resultados de estudios clínicos y la utilización como alternativa en los pacientes con diagnóstico de angina refractaria.
Estimulación del nervio hipogloso: una nueva alternativa en el tratamiento de la apnea obstructiva del sueño
Authors: Pérez García Irene Camila , Salcedo Betancourt Juan David , Ríos Rosado Elsa Carolina , Ruiz Morales Álvaro J. , Ospina García Juan Camilo , Hidalgo Martínez Patricia 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es el trastorno respiratorio del sueño más frecuente. La terapia de elección es la presión positiva continua de la vía aérea (CPAP), pero se ha descrito mala adherencia en su uso. La estimulación del nervio hipogloso (ENH) se encuentra entre las nuevas modalidades de tratamiento en estudio.Objetivo: revisar la fisiopatología de este trastorno, así como la efectividad y seguridad de la ENH como terapia de la AOS.Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos de Medline utilizando las palabras clave: Sleep Apnea, Syndrome; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Hypoglossal Nerve; Electrodes, Implanted; Implantable Neurostimulators, y Electric Stimulation Therapy.Resultados: se encontraron 267 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 27 según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda secundaria de estos artículos. La ENH ha mostrado un perfil de efectividad y seguridad favorable con alta adherencia como tratamiento de la AOS. Sin embargo, no se recomienda en pacientes con un índice apnea-hipopnea > 50, ya que produce una reducción parcial, inferior que la que puede producir el CPAP.Conclusiones: la ENH ayuda a corregir, parcialmente, uno de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la AOS. Si bien en la revisión se encontraron datos que sugieren efectividad y seguridad aceptables en corto plazo, se necesitan más estudios sobre efectividad y seguridad a largo plazo, sobre comparación directa con CPAP en algunos casos y sobre uso bilateral de esta nueva modalidad terapéutica.
Trabeculectomía, una terapia vigente: estudio observacional descriptivo en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá
Authors: De Vivero Clemencia , Ruiz Álvaro , Becerra Catalina 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: el glaucoma es una enfermedad del nervio óptico de carácter crónico y progresivo que constituye un problema epidemiológico serio, ya que es responsable de la segunda causa de ceguera irreversible en el mundo. Existen diferentes modalidades de tratamiento, entre ellos medicamentos, láseres y cirugías. La trabeculectomía es el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección en el paciente adulto cuando la terapia médica y los procedimientos con láser fracasan en detener esta neuropatía óptica.Objetivo: analizar una serie de pacientes sometidos a trabeculectomía en el Hospital San Ignacio entre el 2005 y el 2011.Conclusión: los resultados, a pesar de ser una serie pequeña de pacientes, nos permiten afirmar que dicha cirugía continúa siendo una buena alternativa en el control de la presión intraocular y, por consiguiente, en la progresión del daño glaucomatoso sobre el nervio óptico.