bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron ionization induced fragmentation of fluorinated derivatives of bisphenols
Authors: Caban Magda , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: June 2020

RationaleFluorinated derivatization agents allow for the identification and quantification of emerging pollutants with high sensitivity, yet details of their potential applications using electron ionization are lacking. The fluorine atom itself does not effectively participate in electron ionization. Furthermore, limited information exists regarding the effect of fluorine during electron ionization‐induced fragmentation. To fill this gap, this report presents the fragmentation pathways of the fluorinated derivatives of ten bisphenol analogues as exemplary emerging pollutants.MethodsThe bisphenols were derivatized by the acetylation reagent trifluoroacetic anhydride and a new silylation reagent, namely dimethyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)silyldiethylamine (DIMETRIS; previously applied for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in environmental samples), and analyzed using GC/MS (electron ionization, 70 eV). Deuterated bisphenol A was added to the group of analytes to confirm the proposed fragmentation pathways.ResultsThe specific chemical structure of bisphenols gives the possibility of several resonance hybrids of C‐centered radicals. This, in turn, results in several fragmentation pathways, unique for each resonance hybrid. Sequential losses of radicals and neutral fragments were observed in both types of derivative, with final stable carbenium ions. McLafferty‐type rearrangements were observed between the native structure of the analytes and the introduced substituents. The gamma‐shift of F onto Si in the Si(CH2)2CF3 substituent is proposed to explain the loss of the fragment with a mass of 78 u.ConclusionsBoth types of derivatization reagent used were found to be applicable, although the use of DIMETRIS was limited for high‐mass bisphenols. The introduction of fluorine by derivatization brings benefits for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of bisphenol‐type compounds using GC/MS because of the presence of characteristic ions in the mass spectra.
Mesenchymal stromal cells pretreated with pro-inflammatory cytokines promote skin wound healing through VEGFC-mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Chu Yunpeng , Shang Qianwen , Zheng Zhiyuan , Li Yanan , Cao Lijuan , Chen Yongjing , Cao Jianchang , Lee Oscar K. , Wang Ying , Melino Gerry , Lv Guozhong , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Skin wound is one of the most common forms of wound. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used to aid skin wound healing via their paracrine factors. Because the secretome of MSCs can be greatly enriched and amplified by treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α (IT), we here tested whether supernatant derived from MSCs pretreated with IT, designated as S-MSCs-IT, possesses improved wound healing effect by using a murine model of cutaneous excision, S-MSCs-IT was found to be more potent in promoting angiogenesis, constricting collagen deposition and accelerating wound closure than control supernatant (S-MSCs) during the healing of skin wound. VEGFC, but not VEGFA, was greatly upregulated by IT and was found to be a key factor in mediating the improved wound healing effect of S-MSCs-IT. Our results indicate that the beneficial paracrine effect of MSCs on wound healing can be enhanced by pretreatment with inflammatory cytokines. IT treatment may represent a new strategy for optimizing the therapeutic effect of MSCs on skin injuries.
The post‐embryonic ontogeny of the early Cambrian trilobite Estaingia bilobata from South Australia: trunk development and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Holmes James D. , Paterson John R. , García‐Bellido Diego C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrilobites are one of the most diverse and abundant fossil groups from the early Palaeozoic, and as such are useful for answering important questions about early animal evolution, including developmental processes. Ontogenetic information for a large number of trilobite species has been published, but cases where multiple articulated specimens are known across the full range of developmental stages are rare. The early Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) Emu Bay Shale biota from Kangaroo Island (South Australia) is numerically dominated by trilobites, particularly articulated specimens of the ellipsocephaloid Estaingia bilobata, which are present in densities of >600 individuals per square metre on certain bedding planes. Here we describe the essentially complete post‐embryonic ontogenetic series of E. bilobata from the Emu Bay Shale, and investigate patterns of growth relating to articulation and segmentation in this early Cambrian arthropod. Estaingia bilobata exhibits the hypoprotomeric mode of growth, with the epimorphic phase (the cessation of trunk segment generation) reached prior to the onset of the holaspid period. The meraspid pygidium had an extended equilibrium period in which anterior segment release into the thorax was matched by subterminal segment generation. Previously undocumented morphological features of E. bilobata, including the hypostome and bispinose pleural tips in holaspides, are also described. The growth characteristics and morphological features of E. bilobata documented herein strengthen close phylogenetic relationships between the Estaingiidae, Ellipsocephalidae and Xystriduridae.
Late globalization and evolution, episodes and epochs of industries: Evidence from Danish textile and fashion industry, 1945–2015
Authors: Turcan Romeo V. , Boujarzadeh Behnam , Dholakia Nikhilesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the conceptual terrain of what we term late globalization. The late globalization phenomena are multilevel and multidimensional; this paper offers an initial portal into these phenomena. Understanding late globalization would provide academic insights and help in shaping practices at international, national, sectoral, and corporate levels. The paper follows a macro‐conceptual to a micro‐empirical path to provide illustrative empirical evidence. Studying the emergence and evolution of Danish Textile and Fashion Industry (DTFI) between 1945 and 2015—a quintessential sector for globalization—allows the examination of several interrelated issues: critical events, impediments, pressures, and turning points that shaped DTFI; main institutional players that motivated key policy changes in and evolution of DTFI; and effects of late globalization on size, mission, location, knowledge, growth, and structure of DTFI. This longitudinal case study of the development of the DTFI brings to the fore key features that shape late globalization at the sectoral‐national level: government industrial policies toward domestic and foreign players in an industry, global competition that shapes and continually reshapes (cost as well as quality‐driven) location of key value chain activities (and the concomitant global distribution of core competencies and skills), and the growing role of information technologies that enable globally‐dispersed value chains to function in cohesive and unified ways. Late globalization has additional levels and dimensions; and we point to implications for future research.
Critical success factors determining performance of cross‐border acquisition: Evidence from the African telecom market
Authors: Dhir Sanjay , Rajan Rishabh , Ongsakul Viput , Owusu Richard Afriyie , Ahmed Zafar U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the factors affecting Bharti Airtel's cross‐border postacquisition performance in an African market. This study describes the relationships among various factors such as technical capability, affiliated firm's absorptive capacity, and organizational learning capabilities, which determine the successful operations of the Zain acquisition deal in South Africa. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to identify factors that influence the postacquisition performance. Seven factors are identified based on the literature. Consequently, it has become a necessity to encapsulate these factors in suitable proportions. In this study, we have developed a total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) to analyze the postacquisition performance of Bharti Airtel in South Africa. Our research has highlighted six dynamic factors (organizational learning capability, knowledge management, technology capability, technology relatedness, acquirer's absorptive capacity, and national culture difference) that affect the firm's postacquisition performance. The interpretive structural model (ISM) and total interpretive structural model for postacquisition performance are built‐up. The developed TISM will support academics and practitioners to develop their understanding of acquisition performance of parent companies in the context of telecom business in the South African market.
Scaling factors in HYDRUS to simulate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity during infiltration from recharge wells and infiltration basins
Authors: Glass Jana , Šimůnek Jiří , Stefan Catalin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) represents a promising technique to cope with increasing water stress worldwide. However, it can be challenging to operate MAR systems, especially concerning clogging. Clogging reduces the infiltration capacity and system efficiency of a MAR facility. Processes that cause clogging are difficult to quantify and assess, and their simulations in MAR schemes have so far been limited. The variably saturated water flow model HYDRUS‐2D was therefore modified to include time‐variable hydraulic conductivities to more realistically represent clogging at the infiltration interface of infiltration basins and recharge wells. An exponential function with a time‐variable scaling factor was implemented into HYDRUS to vary the soil hydraulic conductivity over time during simulations. The new approach was tested, in combination with the reservoir boundary condition, by simulating two‐dimensional cross‐sections of two three‐dimensional laboratory experiments representing recharge from infiltration basins and injection wells. With the help of the time‐variable scaling factor, the increasing ponding depth in both experiments due to progressive clogging was reproduced. Hypothetical simulations with various well configurations, soils, and injection rates indicate that clogging influences the infiltration volumes and subsurface infiltration area, which should be considered during the planning of MAR systems. The approach can be used to evaluate the resulting infiltration capacity numerically and to help with the operation and design of MAR facilities. However, further research is required to fully understand and integrate the processes that lead to clogging at MAR facilities into numerical simulations.
tRNA methylation: An unexpected link to bacterial resistance and persistence to antibiotics and beyond
Authors: Hou Ya‐Ming , Masuda Isao , Foster Leonard J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA major threat to public health is the resistance and persistence of Gram‐negative bacteria to multiple drugs during antibiotic treatment. The resistance is due to the ability of these bacteria to block antibiotics from permeating into and accumulating inside the cell, while the persistence is due to the ability of these bacteria to enter into a nonreplicating state that shuts down major metabolic pathways but remains active in drug efflux. Resistance and persistence are permitted by the unique cell envelope structure of Gram‐negative bacteria, which consists of both an outer and an inner membrane (OM and IM, respectively) that lay above and below the cell wall. Unexpectedly, recent work reveals that m1G37 methylation of tRNA, at the N1 of guanosine at position 37 on the 3′‐side of the tRNA anticodon, controls biosynthesis of both membranes and determines the integrity of cell envelope structure, thus providing a novel link to the development of bacterial resistance and persistence to antibiotics. The impact of m1G37‐tRNA methylation on Gram‐negative bacteria can reach further, by determining the ability of these bacteria to exit from the persistence state when the antibiotic treatment is removed. These conceptual advances raise the possibility that successful targeting of m1G37‐tRNA methylation can provide new approaches for treating acute and chronic infections caused by Gram‐negative bacteria.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Boundary optimal control of a dynamic frictional contact problem
Authors: Peng Zijia , Gamorski Piotr , Migórski Stanisław 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study boundary optimal control of an evolutionary system governed by a history‐dependent variational‐hemivariational inequality. The inequality is a weak formulation of a dynamic frictional contact problem for a viscoelastic body with a multivalued normal damped response condition and a simplified version of the Coulomb law of dry friction. A continuous dependence result for the solution map is proved and the existence of optimal solutions to the control problem is established.
Analytical study of exciting forces acting on a rigid sphere in a fluid with flexible base surface
Authors: Das Lopamudra , Mohapatra Smrutiranjan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA three‐dimensional problem of wave diffraction by a neutrally buoyant immersed sphere in a fluid having a flexible bottom surface is studied within the framework of linear potential theory. The flexible base surface of the fluid is modelled as a narrow flexible sheet and it follows on the Euler‐Bernoulli bar condition. The impact of the free‐surface tension is ignored. In such circumstances, the time‐harmonic proliferating waves with two distinct wavenumbers propagate in the fluid for any specific frequency. The proliferating waves having higher wavenumber spread along the flexible bottom surface, say, flexural mode and the proliferating waves having smaller wavenumber spread along the free‐surface of the fluid, say, free‐surface mode. By applying the multipole technique, we acquire the analytical solution for the issue of wave diffraction by a rigid sphere immersed in a fluid having flexible bottom surface. This technique reduces the boundary value problem to the solution of an infinite number of algebraic linear non‐homogeneous equations which can easily resolve numerically by any conventional technique. The exciting forces acting on the submerged sphere along the horizontal and vertical directions in the fluid are estimated in the case of both the flexural and free‐surface wave modes. These forces are plotted graphically for several immersion depths of the rigid sphere and the rigidity factors of the flexible base surface of the fluid.
Current practice in the management of acromioclavicular joint dislocations; a national survey in the Netherlands
Authors: De Rooij Philippe P. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Schurink Ivo J. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. ,   ACJ injury study group
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate current practice in the management of acromioclavicular joint dislocations in the Netherlands.

Methods
A 36-item literature-based and expert consensus survey was developed. If available, one orthopaedic and one trauma surgeon for every hospital (n = 82) in the Netherlands was asked to complete the online questionnaire. Only complete data sets were included in the analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results
Of 149 invited surgeons, 106 (71%) fully completed the survey. The diagnosis of ACJ injury was mainly based on physical examination (91%) and radiographs (95%). The vast majority of patients with ACJ injuries was treated non-operatively. The decision for operative treatment was mainly based on the surgeon’s experience and available literature. Patient-related factors that contributed most to the decision to operate or not, were mainly functional needs and age. Cosmesis and gender contributed less to this decision. Rockwood II and III ACJ injuries were usually treated non-operatively, whereas Rockwood IV and V ACJ injuries were usually treated operatively. For primary and secondary operative treatment, a flexible implant was preferred over rigid fixation techniques. All respondents agreed that nonoperative treatment of Rockwood II ACJ injuries leads to satisfactory results and that secondary operative treatment is only rarely required. Also the majority of patients with Rockwood III ACJ injuries is treated non-operatively, although failure rates are considered higher.

Conclusion
This survey showed a significant individual variation on diagnosis and treatment strategies among surgeons in the Netherlands. The majority of the Dutch surgeons concern a flexible implant the best available technique for patients who require operative treatment.
Micromachining of hardened hot-work tool steel: effects of milling strategies
Authors: Balázs Barnabás Zoltán , Jacsó Ádám , Takács Márton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, micro-milling has been one of the most important technologies to produce miniature components, because optional geometrical structures can be machined with a high material removal rate. In terms of conventional dimensions, dynamic milling definitely signals the direction of development in modern technologies: dynamic milling results in higher productivity, better thermal circumstances, and increased tool life. The current paper gives a summary of the possible applications of dynamic milling tool paths in the case of micromachining. The major problems of this technology are the issue of minimum chip thickness and relatively large tool deformation. Different milling strategies, i.e. up milling and down milling, will be compared in detail. A systematic series of experiments were performed in order to generate data for the investigation. A special measuring system was established to perform related data collection. The experiments were carried out on a 5-axis micromachining centre using a tool steel workpiece with a hardness of 50 HRC. Based on the results of the experiments, the force components and the vibrations were also analysed at different radial depths of cut and different feed per tooth values, where productivity was also an important factor. It was found that dynamic milling can be applied in micro sizes, too. It is concluded that in the case of small contact angles, setting as high a feed per tooth value as 23.52 μm is also justified. During the investigation, optimal cutting parameters were also determined within the applied parameter range, these are ae = 34.80%, fz = 8.28 μm, and the use of the down milling strategy.
International confidence spillovers and business cycles in small open economies
Authors: Brzoza-Brzezina Michał , Kotłowski Jacek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe economic literature has for a long time been looking for explanations of a very strong international correlation of business cycles. This paper shows empirically that common fluctuations can to some degree be the effect of confidence shocks being transmitted internationally. We focus on a large (euro area) and a small, nearby economy (Poland). Our results show that euro area confidence fluctuations account for approximately 40–70% of business cycle fluctuations both in the euro area and in Poland. More importantly, their transmission happens not only via traditional channels (e.g., by confidence affecting euro area GDP and then Polish GDP via trade), but to a large extent occurs directly (e.g., by news spreading via media).
Phase I trial evaluating safety and efficacy of intratumorally administered inflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells (ilixadencel) in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Fröbom Robin , Berglund Erik , Berglund David , Nilsson Inga-Lena , Åhlén Jan , von Sivers Karin , Linder-Stragliotto Christina , Suenaert Peter , Karlsson-Parra Alex , Bränström Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) develop resistance to imatinib, and subsequent treatments have limited efficacy. Ilixadencel (allogeneic inflammatory dendritic cells) is a cell-based immune primer injected intratumorally that previously has been clinically investigated in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsThe trial was a single arm phase I trial assessing safety and efficacy of ilixadencel in subjects with progressing advanced/metastatic GIST despite ongoing treatment with second or later lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Three patients were progressing while on sunitinib (second line), one on regorafenib (third line), and two on pazopanib (fourth line). TKI treatment was maintained throughout, while two intratumoral injections of ilixadencel (10 × 106viable and HLA-DR expressing cells per dose) were administered.ResultsNo severe adverse events were found to be related to ilixadencel administration. Four patients showed continued tumor progression at 3 months per RECIST 1.1 and Choi criteria. One patient (on third line regorafenib) had stable disease for 9 months and another patient (on second line sunitinib) had stable disease at end of study (12 months) as per RECIST 1.1. These two patients developed a partial response as per Choi criteria with a duration of 3 and 6 months, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months.ConclusionIlixadencel treatment presented an acceptable safety profile among advanced GIST patients who developed resistance to TKI. Encouraging radiological tumor responses were detected in 33% of treated patients, supporting further investigation.Clinical trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT: 02432846; registration date: February 22, 2016.
Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) diet on the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway: during a time of ecosystem change
Authors: Bengtsson O. , Lydersen C. , Kovacs K. M. , Lindström U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal warming is causing Atlantification of water masses and concomitant changes in food webs in the Barents Sea region. To determine whether changes that have been documented at lower trophic levels are impacting the diet of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) from 99 coastal-feeding ringed seals, collected in western Spitsbergen, Svalbard, were analysed via identification of hard-parts. The study animals were shot in spring (n = 30; April–July) or autumn (n = 69; August–October) during four consecutive years (2014–2017). Thirty different prey types were identified, but most seals (55.6%) had consumed between 2 and 4 different types of prey. Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) dominated the diet of the ringed seals in terms of relative biomass (Bi = 60.0%) and frequency of occurrence (FOi = 86.9%), followed by pricklebacks (Stichaeidae;Bi = 23.4%;FOi = 79.8%). Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that year was the only significant predictor explaining variance in autumn diet composition (RDA,F3 = 4.96,AIC = − 76.49,p ≤ 0.0050; blubber content and maturity/sex group were not significant). Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) occurred in the diet in small quantities; this Atlantic fish species has not previously been documented in the ringed seals’ diet. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) had the highestBi(9.2%) among Atlantic prey types. However, despite major changes in the last decade in the fish and zooplankton community in western Svalbard, and consumption of a few Atlantic prey types, the ringed seals’ diet in Svalbard continues to be dominated by Arctic prey, especially polar cod.