bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of heparin binding protein in cardiothoracic surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass – exploring its potential as a marker for postoperative infections.
Authors: Sterner Niklas , Fisher Jane , Thelaus Louise , Ketteler Carolin , Lemez Spela , Dardashti Alain , Nilsson Johan , Linder Adam , Zindovic Igor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Surgical trauma and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cause an inflammatory response, difficult to differentiate from postoperative infections. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is released from neutrophils and has been shown to predict infection-related organ dysfunction and disease progression to severe sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the pre-, intra- and postoperative dynamics of HBP in cardiac surgery using CPB, in order to explore the usefulness of HBP as a biomarker for postoperative infections. Methods and Results Thirty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were included, of which 15 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and 15 underwent complex procedures with longer CPB time. A reference group of ten patients undergoing lung surgery without CPB was also included. HBP was measured at nine different time points during surgery. Our results showed that HBP levels were not affected by surgical trauma itself. An increase in HBP levels was observed immediately following heparin administration and further increased during CPB. Prior to protaminization, we measured higher peak in HBP-levels in the complex group 345.7 (287.8-472.6) ng/mL compared with the CABG group 152.7 (85.3-204.0) ng/mL, p <0.001. HBP decreased rapidly following end of CPB and simultaneous protamine administration. Delay of protamine administration revealed that protamine, and not the cessation of CPB is primarily responsible for the rapidly reduced HBP concentration. At the arrival to the ICU, the median HBP levels were 24.8 (15.6-38.1) ng/mL for CABG patients compared with 50.5 (36.5-104.6) ng/mL for complex surgery patients ( p =0.004). One day after surgery HBP levels in all three groups were below the proposed cutoff of 30 ng/mL previously found to predict development organ dysfunction during infection. There was a statistically significant correlation between CPB duration and peak HBP concentration (r=0.598, p =0.002). Conclusions HBP levels are elevated by administration of heparin and the use of CPB. However, at postoperative day one, HBP levels normalized regardless of surgical complexity, indicating that postoperative HBP measurement may be used as a screening tool for postoperative infections in cardiac surgery.
Regulation of degenerative spheroids after injury
Authors: Yong Yu , Gamage Kanchana , Cushman Courtny , Spano Anthony , Deppmann Christopher D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Neuronal injury leads to rapid, programmed disintegration of axons distal to the site of lesion. Much like other forms of axon degeneration ( e.g. developmental pruning, toxic insult from neurodegenerative disorder), Wallerian degeneration associated with injury is preceded by spheroid formation along axons. The mechanisms by which injury leads to formation of spheroids remains elusive.

Methods

Here, using wild-type and mutant neonatal mouse primary sympathetic neurons, immunostaining and calcium imaging, we investigate the roles of players previously implicated in the progression of Wallerian degeneration in injury-induced spheroid formation.

Results

We find that intra-axonal calcium flux is accompanied by actin-Rho dependent growth of calcium rich axonal spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing material to the extracellular space prior to catastrophic axon degeneration. Importantly, after injury, Sarm1 -/- and DR6 -/- , but not Wld s (excess NAD + ) neurons, are capable of forming spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing their contents to the extracellular space. Supplementation of exogenous NAD + or expressing WLD s suppresses Rho-dependent spheroid formation and degeneration in response to injury.

Conclusions

Taken together, our findings place Rho-actin and NAD + upstream of spheroid formation and may suggest that other mediators of degeneration, such as DR6 and SARM1, mediate post-spheroid rupture events that lead to catastrophic axon disassembly.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Cancer Mortality in a Federative Unit of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Between 2000 and 2015
Authors: Alves Mário Ribeiro , Oliveira Jânia Cristina de Souza , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Azevedo Elicléia Filgueira Santiago de , Souza Rita Adriana Gomes de , Galvão Noemi Dreyer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: About 41 million deaths were due to chronic noncommunicable diseases and of these, 9 million (22%) had cancer as a basic cause of death. In Brazil, 2,023,038 deaths from cancer occurred between 1996 and 2010. Methods: Ecological design study, in which mortality from neoplasia was analyzed, from 2000 to 2015, for the municipalities of the Mato Grosso state. Mortality rates due to cancer were calculated by the ratio of the sum of deaths by cancer in each quadrennium, divided by the average of the population in the two central years of the period, multiplied by 10,000 inhabitants. An annual percentage change was calculated by the ratio of the linear regression coefficient to the cancer mortality rates in the Mato Grosso state at the beginning of the analyzed period (2000 to 2003). Thematic maps were constructed for each quadrennium using intervals of equal classes. Results: Cancer caused 31,097 deaths in the Mato Grosso state in the period, 13,058 in women and 18,039 in men, with a male to female ratio of 1.38. The top five causes of cancer death in the period were lung (12.2%), prostate (8.7%), stomach (7.7%), breast (6.0%) and liver (4.7%). There is an increase in the number of municipalities with rates greater than 23.67 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the period. Conclusion: The description of cancer mortality can bring important contributions to epidemiological studies. These studies are necessary, especially in Mato Grosso, since studies on this topic are scarce, and can potentially contribute to the identification of priority regions for intervention aiming to reduce mortality rates.
The evolution of T-cell receptor repertoire in different stages of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jia Ziqi , Wang Yadong , Yang Xiaoying , Wu Pancheng , Wang Yanyu , Song Yang , Xu Huihui , Gu Dejian , Chen Rongrong , Li Jin , Xia Xuefeng , Bing Zhongxing , Cao Lei , Cao Zhili , Liu Peng , Yang Huaxia , Li Shanqing , Liang Naixin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The intricate relationship between the tumor and host was not well understood, and antigen-specific T cell is fundamental in understanding the interaction. TCR repertoire analysis which described TCR clonotypes and TCR numbers has shown that TCRs with high frequency was tumor-specific T cells, while others might be ‘bystander’ T cells within tumors. However, how these “expanded” tumor-specific T cells was selected during the tumor development was not clear. Methods We retrospectively analyzed TCR sequencing and mutation sequencing results from 144 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Results A rich TCR repertoire comprising thousands of different TCR sequences was identified in all stages of NSCLC, with most TCR clonotypes presented at low frequency. Interestingly, Stage IV NSCLC tumors contain more expanded TCRs as compared to earlier stages, however, lymph node metastasis or tumor size had little impact on expanded TCRs. Moreover, accumulation of mutations did not significantly change the number of TCR clonotypes, however, EGFR mutant patients had significantly lower while KRAS mutant patients had significantly higher number of TCR clonotypes especially in terms of those “expanded” TCRs. Conclusions In summary, T cells in the tumor microenvironment were gradually activated with tumor development. Critical events such as distal metastases and generation of EGFR or KRAS mutations might be the major factors affecting the changing of tumor-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Acetylation stabilizes chloride intracellular channel 1 that exerts a tumor-promoting role by activation of nuclear factor kappa B in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Wanyue , Li Xin , Xu Ye , Guo Weikang , Yu Hui , Zhang Lu , Wang Yaoxian , Chen Xiuwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death in women, especially in developing countries. Previously, we identified that acetylation levels of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) at lysine 131 were increased in cervical cancer tissues by using the label-free proteomics approach. The aim of this study was further to determine the role of CLIC1 expression and its acetylation in cervical cancer. Methods: CLIC1 expression and its implications on prognosis in cervical cancer were analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (gepia.cancer-pku.cn). The effect of CLIC1 on cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell assay, western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). In vivo tumor growth was assessed in mouse xenograft models. Results: We found that CLIC1 expression was increased in cervical cancer tissues and cells. The knockdown of CLIC1 significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis of cervical cancer cells. Molecularly, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity was positively regulated by CLIC1. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, attenuated the tumor-promoting effect of CLIC1. Moreover, CLIC1 acetylation at K131 was upregulated in cervical cancer, which stabilized CLIC1 by inhibiting ubiquitylation. The substitution of K131 inhibited CLIC1 ubiquitylation and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and tumor growth. In addition, we identified that acetyltransferase HAT1 was responsible for CLIC1 acetylation at K131. Conclusion: This finding shows that CLIC1 is a tumor promoter in cervical cancer, indicating a potential strategy to treat cervical cancer by regulating CLIC1 expression or acetylation.
The antihistamine deptropine induces hepatoma cell death through blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion
Authors: Liang Yu-Chih , Chang Chi-Ching , Sheu Ming-Thau , Lin Shyr-Yi , Chung Chia-Chen , Teng Chang-Ting , Suk Fat-Moon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background: Autophagy is generally defined as a lysosome-dependent mechanism that degrades cytosolic proteins and organelles at the basal level. Recent studies focused on developing autophagy inhibitors for cancer treatment. Some antihistamines exhibited significant antitumor activity alone or in combination with other therapies in in vitro and clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of how antihistamines inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation are still unknown. Methods: Two human hepatoma cells were used to examine the effects of 12 benzocycloheptene structural-analogue drugs on the cytotoxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms. The induction of autophagy marker proteins were analyzed by western blot, and the formation of autophagosomes and the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. The in vivo anti-cancer activity of drug was evaluated by xenograft nude mice model.Results: We first screened the antiproliferation activity of 12 benzocycloheptene structural-analogue drugs, and results showed that deptropine was the most potent inhibitor of both Hep3B and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Deptropine significantly increased light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) expression, but did not induce sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) degradation in either cell line. Interestingly, other autophagy-related proteins, such as autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated Akt, exhibited no significant change in either deptropine-treated cell line. Deptropine also inhibited the processing of cathepsin L from its precursor form to its mature form. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase of autophagosomes in deptropine-treated cells, but deptropine interfered with the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. In a xenograft nude mice model, 2.5 mg/kg deptropine showed a great inhibitory effect on Hep3B tumor growth. Conclusion: These results suggest that deptropine can induce hepatoma cell death in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibiting autophagy by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Low fifth minute Apgar scores and its associated factors among newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mersha Abera , Shibiru Shitaye , Bante Agegnehu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Low Apgar scores in the childbirth period increased risk globally and significantly contributes to both newborn morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very essential to update information on the status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. The majority studies conducted were retrospective and prone to bias. In addition, there is limited study in Ethiopia that shows the recent status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. Therefore, this study intends to fill those gaps. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study conducted among 286 newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from February 6 to March 9, 2019. A study participants selected by using systematic random sampling method. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklist used to collect the data. Data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A crude and adjusted odds ration computed in the binary logistic regression model. In this study, P-value, < 0.05 considered to declare factors as statistically significant. Results: In this study, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.8%, 22.7%) of neonates had low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Condition of labor (induced/augmented) (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.90), meconium-stained liquor (AOR=3.37, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.74), and birth weight (AOR=3.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 9.86) were significantly associated with neonate’s low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant number of newborns resulted in low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Strengthen the provision of health information during antenatal care; avoid delay in screening high-risk mothers during pregnancy and delivery, and give immediate interventions should recommended. Keywords: Apgar scores, Newborns, Arba Minch
Profiles of Amino Acid in Indonesian Neonates
Authors: Timan Ina Susianti , Sjarif Damayanti Rusli , Pasaribu Merci Monica , Anandari Latifah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Amino acid profiles in newborns is a sign of its nutritional status and it reflects the protein intake of the mother before and during pregnancy. The amino acid level is also a predictor of improved growth velocity and the only tool for diagnosis of amino acid disorder in suspected individuals. In Indonesia, based on National Basic Health Research year 2018, 48.8% of pregnant mother has anemia and 13% babies were underweight. Determining amino acid profiles is important to differentiate pathologic from normal condition in newborn population. There are only a few reports with adequate sample size on amino acid profiles in newborns from South East Asian Countries and none from the Indonesian population. Methods: This is the first descriptive study in Indonesia newborns population determining the profiles of amino acid concentration from dried blood spot (DBS) sample by liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. This study used DBS sample obtained from the newborns’ heel pricks, which is easier to store and handle in Indonesia’s landscape. This will allow samples from remote area to be safely transported to referral laboratory. Results: A total of 993 healthy newborns from 25 provinces and districts in Indonesia were included in this study. All samples were stored at -20oC and analyzed within 1 month. The amino acid concentration profile was summarized as 95% reference interval determined using nonparametric method. The result for most amino acid was only slightly different from previously reported reference from various population which was presumably caused by food preference. This study’s result is expected to be implemented in Indonesian population. Conclusions: Determining the amino acid profile in neonates using DBS is dependable. The result from this study is expected to be applied in our center and other referral hospital for inborn error of metabolism screening.
The Iodine Knowledge of Pregnant Women in an Endemic Goiter Area: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: ÇİN NAZLI Nur ASLAN , ÖZÇELİK Ayşe Özfer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Iodine is an crucial micronutrient for fetal brain development, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. The level of knowledge about iodine among pregnant women has not been previously evaluated in Trabzon city where is an endemic area of iodine deficiency in the Blacksea region of Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge about iodine nutrition during pregnancy among pregnant women living in an endemic goiter area of Turkey. Methods: One hundred fifty pregnant women between ages 19-45 years who applied to Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Trabzon were recruited. This cross-sectional study was conducted with one hundred and fifty pregnant women between the ages of 19-45 who applied to Trabzon Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Research data were collected using questionnaire forms and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire form consisted of questions determining the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their previous pregnancy data, iodized salt consumption habits, and knowledge about iodine. Results: Although 68% of women know that iodine deficiency can cause serious consequences during pregnancy, about 30% did not know the problems caused by iodine deficiency. Three main dietary source of iodine in Turkey, fish, milk and dairy products and table salt are 68.0%, 20.0% and 77.3% of them correctly identified as good sources, respectively. The mean iodine knowledge score of the participants was 8.5±4.5. Higher educated pregnant women had significantly higher knowledge scores (p<.05). However, age, trimester, parity and those who had received information about iodine and iodine knowledge score between no significant differences (p>.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that lack of knowledge about iodine in pregnant women living in an endemic goiter area of Turkey. Furthermore, pregnants also had limited knowledge about the most important dietary iodine sources that can meet their daily iodine requirements. The necessity of public education initiatives to improve iodine knowledge in the pregnant population is evident for healthier future generations.
Daytime Functioning in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Insomnia Symptoms: A Comparison-Correlational Study
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed M , Rucker Jason , Alenazi Aqeel M , Alothman Shaima , Alahmari Wafa , Gray Corey , Alqahtani Bader , Kluding Patricia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Sleep disturbances showed negative impact on self-care and diabetes outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes. However, there is a need to understand to what extent insomnia symptoms impact daytime functioning in people with type 2 diabetes. This study compared common daytime functioning outcomes including fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life related to vitality and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes with and without insomnia symptoms.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional comparison design which used validated instruments to assess common daytime functioning outcomes (i.e. fatigue severity scale, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life related to vitality and physical function domains) in 60 participants with type 2 diabetes with and without symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia Severity Index was used to stratify participants into an insomnia group and non-insomnia control group. Multivariate linear model and partial correlations tests were utilized to examine the relationships between outcomes in the two groups after controlling for age and depression symptoms.

Results

Levels of fatigue severity, and quality of life related vitality and physical function were worse in the insomnia group compared to non-insomnia group (P<.004). After controlling for age, the multivariate linear model showed that the insomnia group had greater fatigue severity (R 2 =0.15, p=.003), and lower quality of life related to vitality and physical function (R 2 =0.25, p<.001; and R 2 =0.11, p=.004, respectively). Partial correlation showed that daytime sleepiness was correlated with Insomnia Severity Index in the full sample after controlling for age ( r =.35, p =.006). When added depression symptoms into the models, the differences or relationships were not observed.

Conclusion

Fatigue, and quality of life related vitality and physical function were worse in people with both type 2 diabetes and insomnia symptoms compared to people with type 2 diabetes only. Depression symptoms may have an independent contribution for the daytime functioning.
Maternal Tobacco Exposure and Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy: A National-based Study of 15682 Pregnant Women in China
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Huang Xinyu , Wu Huailiang , Zhang Casper J. P. , Yin Zongzhi , Fan Qianqian , Wang Huiyun , Jayavanth Pallavi , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Wu Yanxin , Wang Zilian , Ming Wai-kit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background With the increase of the number of smokers, tobacco exposure among pregnant women is becoming more and more common. Though that pregnant women exposed to first-hand smoke and second-hand smoke are susceptible to physiological and psychological health issues has been proved in previous studies, there are no enough studies focus on the impact of third-hand smoke. This study aimed to assess and compare health-related quality of life for pregnant women with exposure to first-hand smoke, second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke and non-exposure to tobacco in mainland China. Methods National-based cross-sectional study is based on a questionnaire survey which collects information including demographics, smoking behaviors and self-evaluation. All questionnaires were delivered and collected from August to September 2019. EuroQol group’s visual analog scale and EuroQoL Five-dimension Questionnaire were used to collect data in mainland China. Results Totally, 15682 pregnant women were included in this study, among which non-exposure to smoke were 7564 (48.2%), exposed to first-hand smoke, second-hand smoke and third-hand smoke were 89 (0.6%), 2349 (15.0%), and 5680 (36.2%) respectively. Pregnant women without tobacco exposure had the highest EuroQol group’s visual analog scale score (mean value=85.4[SD=14.0]), while those with first-hand smoke had the lowest score (mean value=77.4[SD=22.2]). Among all five dimensions of EuroQoL Five-dimension Questionnaire, there were significant differences of EQ-index among groups with different tobacco exposure in usual activity and anxiety or depression dimensions (p<0.001). Conclusions Third-hand smoke exposure had close relationship with low health-related quality of life in pregnant women. Moreover, second-hand smoke exposure significantly led more problems on mental dimension of pregnant women.