bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel GaN vertical junction field-effect transistor with intrinsic reverse conduction capability and kilo-volt breakdown voltage
Authors: Chen Kuangli , Zhou Qi , Zhu Liyang , Dong Zhiwen , Huang Peng , Deng Chao , Cai Yonglian , Gao Wei , Zhou Chunhua , Chen Wanjun , Zhang Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, a novel GaN vertical junction field-effect transistor (JFET) with intrinsic reverse conduction capability (RC-JFET) is proposed and studied by simulation. The RC-JFET features two separate source electrodes, one of which performs as an embedded freewheeling diode that can enable the reverse conduction function of the device. Benefiting from a structure with two separate source electrodes, the forward and reverse current conduction paths are also separated, which allows us to independently design the forward and reverse conduction characteristics of the RC-JFET. The forward threshold voltage V
TH is 1.6 V while the reverse turn-on voltage V
on,rev is as low as 0.7 V. In addition, the buried floating p-base can effectively modulate the E-field in the GaN drift region, which can achieve a high breakdown voltage of 1720 V with an R
on,sp of 2.79 mΩ cm2. Due to the embedded freewheeling diode, the device exhibits a short reverse recovery time T
rr of 13 ns. By featuring an intrinsic reverse conduction capability, the proposed RC-JFET is capable of eliminating the externally connected diode, which is beneficial for improved switching speed and switching power loss due to the reduction of parasitic effects and chip size of power circuits.
Enhancing photoelectric current by nonclassical light
Authors: Yao Hai-Yan , Li Sheng-Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the photoelectric current generated by a driving light with nonclassical photon statistics. Due to the nonclassical input photon statistics, it is no longer enough to treat the driving light as a planar wave as in classical physics. We make a quantum approach to study such problems, and find that: when the driving light starts from a coherent state as the initial state, our quantum treatment well returns the quasi-classical driving description; when the the driving light is a generic state with a certain P function, the full system dynamics can be reduced as the P function average of many ‘branches’—in each dynamics branch, the driving light starts from a coherent state, thus again the system dynamics can be obtained in the above quasi-classical way. Based on this quantum approach, it turns out the different photon statistics does make differences to the photoelectric current. Among all the classical light states with the same light intensity, we prove that the input light with Poisson statistics generates the largest photoelectric current, while a nonclassical sub-Poisson light could exceed this classical upper bound.
A study on the bifurcation of stagnation points for a peristaltic transport of micropolar fluids with slip condition
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Ali Nasir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of present work is to investigate the impacts of embedded parameters on various flow phenomena and the bifurcations of stagnation points. This analysis is made for peristaltic transports of micropolar fluids through symmetric channel with slip condition. Exact analytic expressions for velocity profile and stream function are obtained under the constraints of long wavelength and vanishing Reynolds number. Three various flow phenomena (backward, trapping and augmented flow) and two bifurcation conditions due to their transitions are encountered in the flow by employing the dynamical system theory. The local bifurcation diagrams are used to explore the influences of micropolar parameter, coupling number and slip parameter on these bifurcations. The backward region experiences contraction by enlarging the micropolar parameter up to a critical value and after that an opposite trend is observed. The augmented flow and trapping regions expand by increasing the coupling number, while slip parameter shows an opposite behavior. At the end, the results of this analysis are summarized by using global bifurcation diagrams.
Instability of AdS black holes with lattices *
Authors: Ling Yi , Wu Meng-He 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes with lattices are essential for optical conductivity studies in the holographic approach. We investigate the instability of these black holes that can result in the holographic description of charge density waves. In the presence of homogeneous axion fields, we show that the instability of AdS-Reissner-Nordström (AdS-RN) black holes is always suppressed. However, in the presence of Q-lattices, we find that the unstable region becomes the smallest in the vicinity of the critical region for the metal/insulator phase transition. This novel phenomenon is reminiscent of the behavior of the holographic entanglement entropy during quantum phase transitions.
Revisiting the determining fraction of glueball component in f
0 mesons via radiative decays of J/ψ
*
Authors: Guo Xing-Dao , Ke Hong-Wei , Zhao Ming-Gang , Tang Liang , Li Xue-Qian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
QCD theory predicts the existence of glueballs, but so far all experimental endeavors have failed to identify any such states. To remedy this discrepancy between QCD, which has proven to be a successful theory for strong interactions, and the failure of experimental searches for glueballs, one is tempted to accept the promising interpretation that the glueballs mix with regular

states of the same quantum numbers. The lattice estimate of the masses of pure

glueballs ranges from 1 to 2 GeV, which is the region of the

family. Thus many authors suggest that the

mesonic series is an ideal place to study possible mixtures of glueballs and

. In this paper, following the strategy proposed by Close, Farrar and Li, we try to determine the fraction of glueball components in

mesons using the measured mass spectra and the branching ratios of

radiative decays into

mesons. Since the pioneering papers by Close et al., more than 20 years have elapsed and more accurate measurements have been done by several experimental collaborations, so it is time to revisit this interesting topic using new data. We suppose

and

to be pure quark states, while for

,

and

, to fit both the experimental data of

radiative decay and their mass spectra, glueball components are needed. Moreover, the mass of the pure

glueball is phenomenologically determined.
How protective is China’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards on short-term PM2.5? Findings from blood pressure measurements of 1 million adults
Authors: Guan Tianjia , Xue Tao , Guo Jian , Wang Xin , Zheng Yixuan , Chao Baohua , Kang Yuting , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Zheng Congyi , Jiang Linlin , Yang Ying , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zengwu , Liu Yuanli , Gao Runlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been shown to induce elevated blood pressure (BP), limited evidence is available regarding the association between ambient PM2.5 and BP levels in nationwide China and how the association may change. This study sought to explore acute BP changes with exposure to PM2.5 at levels below China’s current National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Based on a spatiotemporal study of over 1 million adults, we linked BP measurements to daily estimates of PM2.5 from multiple sources (i.e. in situ observations, satellite measurements of aerosol and numeric simulations of air quality model) after adjusting for several individual-level covariates and further conduced the below-criteria models by restricting the analyses within subsets of individuals with short-term PM2.5 exposure below 75 μg m−3 (i.e. NAAQS of 24 h PM2.5 in China). We further explored variations in BP-PM2.5 associations by pollution level and for different demographic groups. With full adjustments, a 10 μg m−3 increase in PM2.5 was statistically significantly associated with a 0.049 mmHg (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.041, 0.057) increase in systolic BP, a 0.022 mmHg (95% CI: 0.017, 0.027) increase in diastolic BP and a 0.77% (95% CI: 0.62%, 0.92%) increased risk of hypertension (HPN). For both BP and HPN, the exposure-response curves were linear, with no threshold effects, at the low-concentration ends and sublinear at the high-concentration ends. Below the current NAAQS, the associations in population level remained statistically significant and were even stronger. A 10 μg m−3 increase in below-NAAQS PM2.5 was associated with a 1.95% (95% CI: 1.44%, 2.47%) increased risk of HPN. Specific subpopulations were more susceptible to PM2.5 exposure. These findings can help support decisions by policymakers to revise related environmental regulations to protect public health.
Designing tunable narrowband parametric source in Chalcogenide-based dynamic fiber geometry
Authors: Chatterjee Sudip K , Khan Saba N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We numerically investigate the generation of spectrally isolated narrowband tunable parametric sources by continuous-wave pumping a specially designed gelatin-coated chalcogenide-silica dynamic fiber in the normal dispersion regime. The relative humidity (RH) dependent phase matching dominated by fourth order dispersion has been exploited for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to produce far-detuned new wavelengths. A tunable source in the range of 0.96–2.5 μm with a tuning rate of 1.3 THz/%RH has been designed by milliwatt pumping a 30 cm long fiber at 1.395 μm. Additionally, the sideband tailorability of about 50 THz close to the visible band was achieved by selectively exciting higher-order fiber modes (HE21) in the anomalous dispersion regime at 0.91 μm. We emphasize that the parametric sources from the proposed host would be extremely useful in short-wave infrared spectroscopy and biomedical applications.
Multi-Class classification of vulnerabilities in smart contracts using AWD-LSTM, with pre-trained encoder inspired from natural language processing
Authors: Gogineni Ajay K , Swayamjyoti S , Sahoo Devadatta , Sahu Kisor K , Kishore Raj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Vulnerability detection and safety of smart contracts are of paramount importance because of their immutable nature. Symbolic tools like OYENTE and MAIAN are typically used for vulnerability prediction in smart contracts. As these tools are computationally expensive, they are typically used to detect vulnerabilities until some predefined invocation depth. These tools require more search time as the invocation depth increases. Since the use of smart contracts increases rapidly, their analysis becomes difficult using these traditional tools. Recently, a machine learning technique called Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) has been used to predict the vulnerability of a smart contract. In the present article, we present how to classify smart contracts into Suicidal, Prodigal, Greedy, or Normal categories using Average Stochastic Gradient Descent Weight-Dropped LSTM (AWD-LSTM), a variant of LSTM. We reduced the class imbalance by considering only distinct opcode combinations for normal contracts and achieved a weighted average F1 score of 90.0%. Such techniques can be utilized in real-time to analyze a large number of smart contracts and to improve their security.
Contrasting patterns of plant–pollinator interactions among four oil-secreting species of Iridaceae from Pampean and Cerrado provinces (Brazil)
Authors: Báez-Lizarazo Mabel R , Eggers Lilian , Aguiar Antonio J C , Chauveau Olivier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlowers producing oil resources and oil bee pollinators are involved in one of the most specialized pollination strategies. Various species of Iridaceae tribe Tigridieae are characterized by floral oil-secreting structures called elaiophores, but specialized plant–pollinator interactions among these taxa remain poorly understood. This study focused on four South American species of Tigridieae in three genera to assess the nature and extent of ecological specialization related to oil flower/oil bee interactions. Proportion, frequency and behaviour of specialist and generalist pollinators were investigated, and experiments on plant breeding system and observations on floral biology were conducted. Species of Arhysoceble (specialist bees) and Halictidae (generalist bees) formed the most representative taxonomic groups of pollinators. Even though ecological specialization for oil bees was detected in Cypella amplimaculata and Cipura sp., contrasting patterns of specialization were observed not only among the different plant species studied but also between populations of Herbertia pulchella and Cipura formosa. Self-incompatibility was reported for H. pulchella and Cipura sp., whereas C. amplimaculata and C. formosa presented a mixed-breeding system. However, all species were pollinator dependent and patterns of ecological specialization were not dependent of plant breeding system. This study revealed also that interactions between oil bees and elaiophores are not reliable predictors for efficient pollination.
Diphtheria Antitoxin Administration, Outcomes, and Safety: Response to a Diphtheria Outbreak in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Eisenberg Nell , Panunzi Isabella , Wolz Anja , Burzio Chiara , Cilliers Anna , Islam Md Ariful , Noor Waqar Mohammad , Jalon Oren , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Gil Cuesta Julita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Diphtheria has re-emerged over the past several years. There is a paucity of data on the administration and safety of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), the standard treatment for diphtheria. The 2017–2018 outbreak among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh was the largest in decades. We determined the outcomes of DAT-treated patients and describe the occurrence and risk factors associated with adverse reactions to DAT.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at the Médecins Sans Frontières Rubber Garden Diphtheria Treatment Center from December 2017–September 2018. Diphtheria was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization clinical case criteria. High-acuity patients were eligible for DAT. Safety precautions were meticulously maintained. We calculated the presence of adverse events by age, duration of illness, and DAT dosage using bivariate comparisons.

Results
We treated 709 patients with DAT; 98% (n = 696) recovered and were discharged. One-fourth (n = 170) had at least 1 adverse reaction. Common reactions included cough (n = 115, 16%), rash (n = 66, 9%), and itching (n = 37, 5%). Three percent (n = 18) had severe hypersensitivity reactions. Five patients died during their DAT infusion or soon afterwards, but no deaths were attributed to DAT.

Conclusions
Outcomes for DAT-treated patients were excellent; mortality was &lt;1%. Adverse reactions occurred in one-quarter of all patients, but most reactions were mild and resolved quickly. DAT can be safely administered in a setting with basic critical care, provided there is continuous patient monitoring during the infusion, staff training on management of adverse effects, and attention to safety precautions.
A Verifier-Based Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Using Tamper-Proof Hardware
Authors: Shin Ji Sun , Jo Minjae , Hwang Jung Yeon , Lee Jaehwan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Password-based authenticated key exchange (PAKE) allows two parties to compute a common secret key. PAKE offers the advantage of allowing two parties to pre-share only a password. However, when it is executed in a client–server environment, server corruption can expose the clients’ passwords. To be resilient against server compromises, verifier-based authenticated key exchange (VPAKE) is proposed, as an augmented version of PAKE. Thus far, there are two known major VPAKE constructions formally proven secure. However, both involve strong assumptions, such as random oracles. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient VPAKE using tamper-proof hardware without random oracles to support resilient infrastructures. In particular, we transform Katz–Vaikuntanathan one-round PAKE into two-round VPAKE so as to instill resilience to server compromises. We provide a formal definition of VPAKE using tamper-proof hardware and security proof without random oracles. Finally, we provide a performance analysis and comparisons to previous VPAKE and PAKE protocols. Our transformation supports an efficient VPAKE protocol with six group element communications when the underlying Katz–Vaikuntanathan PAKE is instantiated by Cramer–Shoup ciphertext following the proposal by Benhamouda et al.
Satellite Cell Depletion Disrupts Transcriptional Coordination and Muscle Adaptation to Exercise
Authors: Englund Davis A , Figueiredo Vandré C , Dungan Cory M , Murach Kevin A , Peck Bailey D , Petrosino Jennifer M , Brightwell Camille R , Dupont Alec M , Neal Ally C , Fry Christopher S , Accornero Federica , McCarthy John J , Peterson Charlotte A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Satellite cells are required for postnatal development, skeletal muscle regeneration across the lifespan, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy prior to maturity. Our group has aimed to address whether satellite cells are required for hypertrophic growth in mature skeletal muscle. Here, we generated a comprehensive characterization and transcriptome-wide profiling of skeletal muscle during adaptation to exercise in the presence or absence of satellite cells in order to identify distinct phenotypes and gene networks influenced by satellite cell content. We administered vehicle or tamoxifen to adult Pax7-DTA mice and subjected them to progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). We then performed immunohistochemical analysis and whole-muscle RNA-seq of vehicle (SC+) and tamoxifen-treated (SC−) mice. Further, we performed single myonuclear RNA-seq to provide detailed information on how satellite cell fusion affects myonuclear transcription. We show that while skeletal muscle can mount a robust hypertrophic response to PoWeR in the absence of satellite cells, growth, and adaptation are ultimately blunted. Transcriptional profiling reveals several gene networks key to muscle adaptation are altered in the absence of satellite cells.
The Order of Trait Emergence in the Evolution of Cyanobacterial Multicellularity
Authors: Hammerschmidt Katrin , Landan Giddy , Domingues Kümmel Tria Fernando , Alcorta Jaime , Dagan Tal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms is one of the most significant events in the history of life. Key to this process is the emergence of Darwinian individuality at the higher level: Groups must become single entities capable of reproduction for selection to shape their evolution. Evolutionary transitions in individuality are characterized by cooperation between the lower level entities and by division of labor. Theory suggests that division of labor may drive the transition to multicellularity by eliminating the trade off between two incompatible processes that cannot be performed simultaneously in one cell. Here, we examine the evolution of the most ancient multicellular transition known today, that of cyanobacteria, where we reconstruct the sequence of ecological and phenotypic trait evolution. Our results show that the prime driver of multicellularity in cyanobacteria was the expansion in metabolic capacity offered by nitrogen fixation, which was accompanied by the emergence of the filamentous morphology and succeeded by a reproductive life cycle. This was followed by the progression of multicellularity into higher complexity in the form of differentiated cells and patterned multicellularity.
Does Antihypertensive Use Moderate the Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Decline in Older People?
Authors: Lennon Matthew J , Lam Ben Chun Pan , Crawford John , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole A , Trollor Julian N , Numbers Katya , Draper Brian , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Sachdev Perminder S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
While midlife hypertension is deleterious, late-life hypertension has been associated with better cognitive outcomes in several studies. Many questions remain, including the relative benefit or harm of a blood pressure (BP) target and antihypertensive therapy of &lt;120 in very old individuals.

Methods
The Sydney Memory and Aging Study (n = 1015) comprises a cohort of 70- to 90-year-olds, who were followed biennially for 8 years. Global cognition was assessed with a battery of 10 neuropsychological tests. Blood pressure was measured at Waves 1 and 2 and classified into 3 systolic groupings: group 1 (≤120 mmHg), group 2 (121–140 mmHg), and group 3 (&gt;140 mmHg). Multiple regression, linear mixed modeling, and Cox regression examined the effect of BP and antihypertensives.

Results
There were no overall significant differences in global cognition or dementia between the disparate BP groups. However, in those not taking antihypertensives, the systolic BP (SBP) &gt; 140 mmHg group had a significantly worse global cognitive trajectory compared to SBP ≤ 120 mmHg (b = −0.067, 95% CI [−0.129, −0.006], p = .030). Within the SBP ≤ 120 mmHg group those taking antihypertensives had significantly worse global cognition trajectories compared to those not taking antihypertensives even when controlling for past history of hypertension (b = −0.077, 95% CI [−0.147, −0.007], p = .030).

Conclusions
Untreated hypertension in old age is related to worse global cognitive decline. However, ongoing treatment at new recommendations of lower SBP targets may be related to poorer cognitive decline and should be considered carefully in older populations.