bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐Ray Protection in an Industrial Production Environment
Authors: Freitag Christian , Giedl‐Wagner Roswitha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the classification of ultrashort‐pulse laser processing systems as “systems for the generation of ionizing radiation” in the German Strahlenschutzgesetz (Radiation Protection Act), their operation is usually no longer possible without a license and without notification of the authorities. This article deals with the implementation of the legal requirements resulting from this classification in an industrial production environment.
Process Monitoring in E‐Mobility Applications
Authors: Franz Christoph , Bruchwald Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith an increasing demand for laser welding applications related to e‐mobility, the range of material combinations, system setups, wavelengths used, beam qualities and frequencies has risen drastically. There is a multitude of different processes and parameters that all aim at the same goal: hundreds of connectors in batteries, electric drives, and cable connections must be functional for years in each car. Not a single one may fail or increase its electrical resistance and all of them need to be welded and inspected in the shortest time. Online process monitoring systems contribute to achieve these ambitious goals, so their capabilities and limitations as well as some vivid examples are discussed in this article.
The Future of Micro‐Optics in Europe
Authors: Amairi‐Pyka Sana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicro‐optics is set to become one of the main technology platforms in Europe for photonics with the potential to reach the same manufacturing maturity level of micro‐electronics. These ambitions, together with good profit margins and the predicted exponential growth in business opportunities, make micro‐optics a very attractive proposition for investment.
Association between Patient‐Reported Health Status and Physical Activity Six Months after Upper and Lower Limb Fractures in Working‐Aged Adults
Authors: Ekegren Christina L. , Ashe Maureen C. , Gabbe Belinda J. 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPhysical activity limitations are common following upper and lower limb fractures in adults of working age. There is a lack of research investigating the factors associated with these limitations, such as pain, mental health problems, and mobility impairments.ObjectivesTo report health status (EQ‐5D) 6 months after upper and lower limb fracture in adults of working age (ages 18‐69 years), and to determine the association between sedentary behavior (sitting time) and physical activity (steps, moderate‐intensity physical activity [MPA]) 2 weeks and 6 months post‐fracture with health status 6 months post‐fracture.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMajor (level I) trauma center.ParticipantsSixty‐three adults 18‐69 years of age with upper or lower limb fractures who were recruited consecutively.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants wore ActiGraph and activPAL accelerometers for 10 days, 2 weeks and 6 months post‐fracture. At 6 months, participants completed the EQ‐5D. We used linear mixed‐effects multivariable regression analyses to explore associations between EQ‐5D domains and sitting time, steps, or physical activity.ResultsParticipants with mobility problems (compared to participants without) were highly sedentary at 2 weeks (β = 0.86, P = .04), took fewer steps/d (Ratio of Geometric Means [RGM] = 0.62, P = .02) and engaged in less MPA (RGM = 0.32, P = .01). In addition, they engaged in less MPA at 6 months (RGM = 0.52, P = .02). Participants with self‐care problems (compared with participants without) took fewer steps per day at 6 months (RGM = 0.78, P = .04), and engaged in less MPA at 2 weeks (RGM = 0.31, P = .01) and 6 months (RGM = 0.48, P = .02).ConclusionsAdults with mobility and self‐care problems 6 months post‐fracture engaged in high levels of sedentary behavior and low levels of physical activity. These findings can guide clinicians on health problems to target in order to maximize recovery of physical activity following fracture.
Identification of aberrantly expressed long non‐coding RNAs in ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma cells
Authors: Nakashima Kengo , Sato Shun , Tamura Isao , Hayashi‐Okada Maki , Tamehisa Tetsuro , Kajimura Takuya , Sueoka Kotaro , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify the aberrantly expressed long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).MethodsTotal RNA was isolated in HGSC cell lines, ovarian surface epithelial cells, and normal ovaries. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in HGSC were identified by PCR array, which analyzes 84 kinds of lncRNAs. To infer their functions, HGSC cell lines with different levels of expression of the identified lncRNAs were established, and then, activities of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were examined. Expression levels of the identified lncRNAs were also examined in multiple ovarian HGSC tissues.ResultsTen aberrantly expressed lncRNAs, six upregulated and four downregulated, were identified in the HGSC cell lines. The authors established four HGSC cell lines: in two of the cell lines, one of the upregulated lncRNAs was knocked down, and in two other cell lines, one of the downregulated lncRNAs (MEG3 and POU5F1P5) was overexpressed. Migration activities were inhibited in the HGSC cell lines overexpressing MEG3 or POU5F1P5 while there were no differences in proliferation and apoptosis between the established and control cell lines. The four lncRNAs downregulated in the HGSC cell lines were also observed to be downregulated in ovarian HGSC tissues.ConclusionThe authors identified four downregulated lncRNAs in ovarian HGSC.
Definitive Screening Design Optimization of Chemoenzymatic Process for (R)‐3‐(Carbamoylmethyl)‐5‐methylhexanoicacid: A Key Intermediate of Pregabalin
Authors: Vinigiri Krishna , Kammari Bal Raju , Balaswamy Madanu , Mohammed Noorjahan , Kotu Girija Mangatayaru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA practical scalable chemoenzymatic process was developed for the synthesis of (R)‐3‐(carbamoylmethyl)‐5‐methylhexanoic acid (2) (R‐CMHA) and achieved 98.5%eeand 99% HPLC purity at pilot scale. The systematic statistical design of experimentation (DOE) of esterification, enzymatic desymmetrization and CaCl2assisted amidation led to the robust design space.
Two Cathodes in One for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Voltammetric Study of a Composite Cathode of Sulfur and LiFePO4
Authors: David Garay‐Marín Juan , Quiroga‐González Enrique , Leticia Garza‐Tovar Lorena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to satisfy the growing energy demand of large‐scale applications such as energy storage for renewable sources and for electromobility, advanced electroactive materials are required for energy storage technologies. The aim of this work is to develop a new cathode concept for Li‐ion batteries, which allows high charging/discharging rates as well as high gravimetric capacities. The composite cathode consisting of LiFePO4 (high rates) and S (high capacity), takes advantage of the benefits of both materials. However, it is a challenge considering the reactivity of both materials, and the electrolytes needed for each of them. This paper deals with some strategies to make the composite work; the problems encountered when having two materials with different electrochemical behavior in the same electrode in a battery have been partially solved. The voltammetric studies of this work show promising results for the development of the new concept of lithium‐ion batteries.
Optimal vaccination strategy against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine circovirus type 2 in case of early M. hyopneumoniae infection
Authors: Yang Siyeon , Oh Taehwan , Mago Josuke , Iwakuma Akihiro , Chae Chanhee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal vaccination strategies for the control of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in case of early mycoplasmal infection.MethodsA total of 120 pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups (20 pigs per group). Four separate vaccine regimen groups were selected. Pigs from the four vaccinated groups were challenged with M. hyopneumoniae at 28 days old followed by a challenge of PRRSV or PCV2 at 49 days old.ResultsRegardless of PRRSV or PCV2 vaccination, pigs vaccinated with one of the M. hyopneumoniae vaccines at 7 days old had a significantly better growth performance over the whole length of the study compared to pigs vaccinated with a second M. hyopneumoniae vaccine at 21 days old. Vaccination of pigs with M. hyopneumoniae at 7 days and PRRSV at either 7, 14 or 21 days old resulted in significantly reduced PRRSV viremia and lung lesions compared to vaccination of pigs with M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV at 21 days old.ConclusionsThe efficacy of the PRRSV MLV vaccine is influenced by the different timing of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination whereas the efficacy of the PCV2 vaccine is not. This experiment study demonstrated that early vaccination with a M. hyopneumoniae vaccine should be the highest priority in order to control M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV infection in cases of early M. hyopneumoniae infection.
Association of dynamic susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging at initial tumor diagnosis with the prognosis of different molecular glioma subtypes
Authors: Brendle Cornelia , Klose Uwe , Hempel Johann-Martin , Schittenhelm Jens , Skardelly Marco , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Ernemann Ulrike , Bender Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The updated 2016 CNS World Health Organization classification differentiates three main groups of diffuse glioma according to their molecular characteristics: astrocytic tumors with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas. The present study aimed to determine whether dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is an independent prognostic marker within the molecular subgroups of diffuse glioma.

Methods
Fifty-six patients with treatment-naive gliomas and advanced preoperative MRI examination were assessed retrospectively. The mean and maximal normalized cerebral blood volume values from DSC-MRI within the tumors were measured. Optimal cutoff values for the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) were defined, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed separately for the three glioma subgroups.

Results
IDH wild-type astrocytic tumors had a higher mean and maximal perfusion than IDH-mutant astrocytic tumors and oligodendrogliomas. Patients with IDH wild-type astrocytic tumors and a low mean or maximal perfusion had a significantly shorter PFS than patients of the same group with high perfusion (p = 0.0159/0.0112). Furthermore, they had a significantly higher risk for early progression (hazard ratio = 5.6/5.1). This finding was independent of the methylation status of O6-methylguanin-DNA-methyltransferase and variations of the therapy. Within the groups of IDH-mutant astrocytic tumors and oligodendrogliomas, the PFS of low and highly perfused tumors did not differ.

Conclusion
High perfusion upon initial diagnosis is not compellingly associated with worse short-term prognosis within the different molecular subgroups of diffuse glioma. Particularly, the overall highly perfused group of IDH wild-type astrocytic tumors contains tumors with low perfusion but unfavorable prognosis.
On the strength improvement of lightweight fibre networks by polymers, fibrils and fines
Authors: Pöhler Tiina , Ketoja Jukka A. , Lappalainen Timo , Luukkainen Veli-Matti , Nurminen Ilkka , Lahtinen Panu , Torvinen Katariina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNovel lightweight cellulose fibre materials containing various strength enhancing polymeric and fibrillar components were formed with the help of foam technology. Increasing inter-fibre bond strength and local material density was attempted with unique lignin-containing wood fines (V-fines), cellulose microfibrils (CMF), TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNF), and macromolecules such as cationic starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and locust bean gum (LBG). The investigated fibres included both long hemp bast fibres and northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp. In the low-density range of 38–52 kg/m3, the compression stress and modulus were highly sensitive to inter-fibre bond properties, the multi-scale features of the fibre network, and the foaming agent employed. Still, the compression-stress behaviour in most cases approached the same theoretical curve, derived earlier by using a mean-field theory to describe the deformation behaviour. At 10% addition level of fine components, the specific compression stress and compression modulus increased in the order of V-fines < CMF < TCNF. A tremendous increase in the compression modulus was obtained with LBG, leading to a material surface that was very hard. In general, the foams made with PVA, which acts both as foaming agent and reinforcing macromolecule, led to better strength than what was obtained with a typical anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant. Strength could be also improved by refining the softwood pulp.Graphic abstract
Constitutional mosaicism for a BRCA2 mutation as a cause of early-onset breast cancer
Authors: Alhopuro Pia , Vainionpää Reetta , Anttonen Anna-Kaisa , Aittomäki Kristiina , Nevanlinna Heli , Pöyhönen Minna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGermline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Mutations in these genes are usually inherited, and reports of de novo BRCA1/2 mutations are rare. To date, only one patient with low-level BRCA1 mutation mosaicism has been published. We report on a breast cancer patient with constitutional somatic mosaicism of a BRCA2 mutation. BRCA2 mutation c.9294C>G, p.(Tyr3098Ter) was detected in 20% of reads in DNA extracted from peripheral blood using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The BRCA2 mutation was subsequently observed at similar levels in normal breast tissue, adipose tissue, normal right fallopian tube tissue and ovaries of the patient, suggesting that this mutation occurred early in embryonic development. This is the first case to report constitutional mosaicism for a BRCA2 mutation and shows that BRCA2 mosaicism can underlie early-onset breast cancer. NGS for BRCA1/2 should be considered for patients whose tumors harbor a BRCA1/2 mutation and for individuals suggestive of genetic predisposition but without a family history of HBO.
Determination of Yield Surfaces in Accordance With ISO 16842 Using an Optimized Cruciform Test Specimen
Authors: Nasdala L. , Husni A. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground: For the standard ISO 16842 cruciform test specimen, stresses obtained from the gauge area are far below the ultimate tensile strength due to high stress concentrations at the slit ends which lead to premature failure. Objective: To introduce a new cruciform specimen design which has been optimized with respect to the determination of yield surfaces. Methods: The proposed design differs from the ISO standard by an additional thinning of the gauge area and wider slits in the arms to avoid stress singularities. Compared to other cruciform test piece designs found in the literature, the stress distribution is still homogeneous and there is no need to reduce the size of the gauge area, thanks to the specimen’s well-balanced proportions. Results: Biaxial tensile tests have been conducted with aluminium 5754 alloy samples of different thicknesses. For the standard cruciform test piece, the maximum strain achieved at the gauge area is only 25% of the fracture strain. The optimized cruciform test piece can attain about 66% of the fracture strain before breaking. Conclusions: The optimized specimen design enables the measurement of yield surfaces at higher stress levels. In case of other materials such as elastomers, the slit length has be to adjusted accordingly.
Reviews Left and Right: The Link Between Reviewers’ Political Ideology and Online Review Language
Authors: Graf-Vlachy Lorenz , Goyal Tarun , Ouardi Yannick , König Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOnline reviews, i.e., evaluations of products and services posted on websites, are ubiquitous. Prior research observed substantial variance in the language of such online reviews and linked it to downstream consequences like perceived helpfulness. However, the understanding of why the language of reviews varies is limited. This is problematic because it might have vital implications for the design of IT systems and user interactions. To improve the understanding of online review language, the paper proposes that consumers’ personality, as reflected in their political ideology, is a predictor of such online review language. Specifically, it is hypothesized that reviewers’ political ideology as measured by degree of conservatism on a liberal–conservative spectrum is negatively related to review depth (the number of words and the number of arguments in a review), cognitively complex language in reviews, diversity of arguments, and positive valence in language. Support for these hypotheses is obtained through the analysis of a unique dataset that links a sample of online reviews to reviewers’ political ideology as inferred from their online news consumption recorded in clickstream data.
Integration of polar-analytic functions and applications to Boas’ differentiation formula and Bernstein’s inequality in Mellin setting
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Butzer Paul L. , Mantellini Ilaria , Schmeisser Gerhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe establish a general version of Cauchy’s integral formula and a residue theorem for polar-analytic functions, employing the new notion of logarithmic poles. As an application, a Boas-type differentiation formula in Mellin setting and a Bernstein-type inequality for polar Mellin derivatives are deduced.
Two Roads, One Destination: Community and Organizational Mechanisms for Contextualizing Child Abuse Prevention in Australia and the UK
Authors: Firmin Carlene , Rayment-McHugh Susan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCalls for a contextual approach to abuse prevention highlight a need to better understand how contextual frameworks may be operationalized. Using a dual-case study design, this research compares two contrasting pilot projects underpinned by contextual theories of abuse prevention. One was implemented in a small remote Indigenous community in Australia and aimed to reduce the extent of youth-perpetrated sexual abuse. The other occurred in a densely populated urban area in London (UK) and involved the co-creation and testing of a contextual child protection response to peer-to-peer abuse. Despite their divergent approaches to developing contextual practice, a comparison of the two projects identified shared features of implementation. Both involved context-specific community buy-in and ownership of a response to peer-to-peer abuse; solutions that were co-created between professionals and communities; and the enhancement of community guardianship, pro-social use of space, and changes to the physical design of areas to increase safety. Consequentially, both projects demanded a radical transformation in the way health and social care professionals viewed the target of their interventions—the what—and the approach to achieving change—the how. Comparing these two case studies provides a unique opportunity to extend knowledge on the practical application of contextual theoretical approaches to abuse prevention.
Community-based interventions for hoarding: Impacts on children, youth and families
Authors: Bratiotis Christiana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHoarding is a complex and persistent mental illness that may pose significant threats to the health, safety and optimal functioning of the sufferer and their family members. Children and youth who live in hoarded environments are especially vulnerable to safety hazards and the negative social and developmental impacts that can result from this challenging behaviour. Some educational, health and protective service organisations are compelled to act on legal and regulatory mandates that necessitate interventions for hoarding in cases where children and youth are residing and may be at risk. Striking the balance between individual rights and protection of some of society’s most vulnerable citizens is a significant challenge. Carefully executed multidisciplinary interventions grounded in an ecological system’s approach offer some hope for minimising adverse impacts on youth and families while reducing the potential for harm caused by hoarding behaviour.
Is Conspiracy Theorizing Really Epistemically Problematic?
Authors: Hagen Kurtis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn an article based on a recent address to the Royal Institute of Philosophy, Keith Harris has argued that there is something epistemically wrong with conspiracy theorizing. Although he finds “standard criticisms” of conspiracy theories wanting, he argues that there are three subtle but significant problems with conspiracy theorizing: (1) It relies on an invalid probabilistic version of modus tollens. (2) It involves a problematic combination of both epistemic virtues and vices. And (3) it lacks an adequate basis for trust in its information sources. In response to Harris, this article argues that, like previous criticisms, these criticisms do little to undermine conspiracy theorizing as such. And they do not give us good reasons to dismiss any particular conspiracy theory without consideration of the relevant evidence.
Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA
Authors: Mathew Gina Marie , Hale Lauren , Chang Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of research on associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and obesity among adolescents. We examined the associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and BMI in adolescents before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Self-report data were collected from 3060 adolescents (48·1 % female, mean age 15·59 (sd 0·77) years) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In regression models, social jetlag predicted odds of consumption of breakfast, fruits/vegetables, fast food and sweetened drinks and BMI percentile. Primary models adjusted for school night sleep duration, sex, age, household income and youth living arrangements; secondary models further adjusted for race/ethnicity. In fully adjusted models, greater social jetlag was associated with lower odds of consumption of breakfast (OR = 0·92, P = 0·003) and fruits/vegetables (OR = 0·92, P = 0·009) and higher odds of consumption of fast food (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001) and sweetened drinks (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001). Social jetlag was positively associated with BMI percentile after additional adjustment for eating behaviours (b = 0·84, P = 0·037), but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for race/ethnicity (b = 0·72, P = 0·072). Ethnoracial differences in social jetlag may attenuate the association of social jetlag with BMI and should be considered in future studies of circadian misalignment, eating behaviours and obesity markers.