bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of psychiatric disorders in adult patients with vitiligo: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chih‐Yu , Wang Wei‐Ming , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Tsao Chang‐Huei , Chien Wu‐Chien , Hung Chih‐Tsung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease that has a major impact on the quality of life of patients. However, a nationwide study of the association between vitiligo and the incidence of inclusive psychiatric diseases has not been conducted in the Asian population. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between vitiligo and the risk of psychiatric disorders using a nationwide database in Taiwan. Data were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. In total, 1432 subjects with vitiligo and 5728 age‐, sex‐ and index year‐matched controls were enrolled in this study. Patients with vitiligo tend to have more coexisting psychiatric disorders than healthy individuals, regardless of their sex, age group and facility level of care. After adjusting for sex, age, comorbidity, urbanization and facility level of care, the adjusted hazard ratio of overall psychiatric disorders for patients with vitiligo was 2.926 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.646–3.236; P < 0.001). Among them, the highest adjusted hazard ratios were found for obsessive–compulsive disorder, at 10.790 (95% CI, 9.756–11.932; P < 0.001). Vitiligo is associated with an increased risk of various psychiatric disorders. By providing a better understanding of the psychosocial burden associated with vitiligo, these results emphasize the need to evaluate the mental health of patients with vitiligo by treating physicians.
Occupational therapy driver assessments with mental health consumers: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Dun Carolyn , Swan Jodie , Hitch Danielle , Vlachou Voula 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionDriving is an important occupation, which enables other recovery goals for adult mental health consumers. Multidisciplinary clinicians can support consumers to engage in safe driving practices, which may include referral to a specialist occupational therapy driver assessor. There is presently limited evidence to inform us about the role of occupational therapy driver assessors in mental health and the impact of such services for consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the reasons for referral and the recommendations resulting from driver assessments with adult consumers in a mental health setting and understand the experiences of driver assessors providing these services.MethodsA mixed‐methods sequential design was employed in this study. Thirty driver assessments (n = 27 consumers) were analysed to identify consumer demographics, assessment recommendations, impact on licence status and rehabilitation outcomes. Focus groups were then conducted with five occupational therapy driver assessors. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using frequencies and means, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis.ResultsThe majority of consumers were diagnosed with psychotic disorders and presented with complex needs. The three primary reasons for referral were (a) cognitive or mental health concerns, (b) consumers directed by licencing authority to undertake driver assessment and (c) consumers wanting to resume driving after not driving for a significant time. Overall, 21 consumers (70%) were recommended to hold a driver licence after completion of an occupational therapy driver assessment. Qualitative themes about the experience of occupational therapy driver assessors included the reality of driver assessments; that outcomes are usually positive, and further support is needed for driver assessments.ConclusionDriver assessments enable most consumers to return to driving. Occupational therapy driver assessors require greater support to perform this role, including dedicated time and peer support, to facilitate multidisciplinary clinicians and consumers to collaboratively achieve driving outcomes.
Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution
Authors: Kusumoto Buntarou , Costello Mark J. , Kubota Yasuhiro , Shiono Takayuki , Wei Chi‐Lin , Yasuhara Moriaki , Chao Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiodiversity knowledge shortfalls, especially incomplete information on species distributions, can lead to false conclusions about global biodiversity patterns. Diversity estimation theory statistically uses species occurrence records and sampling completeness (coverage) to predict diversity in terms of species richness, dominance and evenness. We estimated Scleractinia coral species diversity at different spatial resolutions, based on 109,296 occurrences and range data for 697 species, using an incidence‐based Hill's numbers approach through a rarefaction and extrapolation technique. We found that spatial patterns of diversity estimates were dependent on a geographic scale. The latitudinal and longitudinal diversity gradients, particularly at finer spatial scales, differed from species range‐based coral biodiversity hotspots of previous studies. The western Indian Ocean was predicted to have the most coral species, with greater diversities than in the Indo‐Pacific Coral Triangle. We concluded that the identification of marine biodiversity hotspots is sensitive to species commission errors (from range maps) and biased sampling coverage. Moreover, estimates of the geographic distribution of species richness informed us of a set of priority areas (the northeastern coast of Australia, central Coral Triangle and coast of Madagascar) for future sampling of unknown coral species occurrence. Our findings of biogeographical survey priorities contribute to filling biodiversity shortfalls for tropical coral reefs through sampling completeness, and consequently for development of conservation planning.
Impact of Changing Climate and Land Cover on Flood Magnitudes in the Delaware River Basin, USA
Authors: Woltemade Christopher J. , Hawkins Timothy W. , Jantz Claire , Drzyzga Scott 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChanging climate and land cover are expected to impact flood hydrology in the Delaware River Basin over the 21st Century. HEC‐HMS models (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center‐Hydrologic Modeling System) were developed for five case study watersheds selected to represent a range of scale, soil types, climate, and land cover. Model results indicate that climate change alone could affect peak flood discharges by −6% to +58% a wide range that reflects regional variation in projected rainfall and snowmelt and local watershed conditions. Land cover changes could increase peak flood discharges up to 10% in four of the five watersheds. In those watersheds, the combination of climate and land cover change increase modeled peak flood discharges by up to 66% and runoff volumes by up to 44%. Precipitation projections are a key source of uncertainty, but there is a high likelihood of greater precipitation falling on a more urbanized landscape that produces larger floods. The influence of climate and land cover changes on flood hydrology for the modeled watersheds varies according to future time period, climate scenario, watershed land cover and soil conditions, and flood frequency. The impacts of climate change alone are typically greater than land cover change but there is substantial geographic variation, with urbanization the greater influence on some small, developing watersheds.
A Note on a Framework for Valuation Ratios Based on Fundamentals*
Authors: Lai Cheng 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTValuation ratios divide stock price by accounting metrics such as earnings, earnings growth, and book value. This study adapts the general valuation framework in Ohlson and Juettner‐Nauroth (2005) and Ohlson (2005) to present a unified approach for developing valuation ratios based on fundamentals, referred to as fundamental valuation ratios. One starts with a valuation model that is driven by an accounting metric a and its abnormal growth, then divides the valuation model by a to get a fundamental valuation ratio. For any valuation ratio, one can find a corresponding fundamental valuation ratio, as long as the valuation model is based on the same metric a as the valuation ratio denominator.
Hyperfunction of the stress response system and novelty‐induced hyperactivity correlate with enhanced cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference in NCAM‐deficient mice
Authors: Kähler Birgit , Romswinkel Eva Viktoria , Jakovcevski Mira , Moses Ashley , Schachner Melitta , Morellini Fabio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral studies in humans and rodents suggest an association between impulsivity and activity of the stress response on the one hand and addiction vulnerability on the other. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been related to several neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. Constitutively NCAM‐deficient (−/−) mice display enhanced novelty‐induced behavior and hyperfunction of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Here we hypothesize that NCAM deficiency causes an altered response to cocaine. Cocaine‐induced behaviors of NCAM−/− mice and wild‐type (+/+) littermates were analyzed in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. c‐fos mRNA levels were investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure neural activation after exposure to the cocaine‐associated context. NCAM−/− mice showed an elevated cocaine‐induced sensitization, enhanced CPP, impaired extinction, and potentiated cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion and CPP after extinction. NCAM−/− showed no potentiated CPP as compared with NCAM+/+ littermates when a natural rewarding stimulus (ie, an unfamiliar female) was used, suggesting that the behavioral alterations of NCAM−/− mice observed in the CPP test are specific to the effects of cocaine. Activation of the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens induced by the cocaine‐associated context was enhanced in NCAM−/− compared with NCAM+/+ mice. Finally, cocaine‐induced behavior correlated positively with novelty‐induced behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in NCAM−/− mice and negatively with NCAM mRNA levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in wild‐type mice. Our findings indicate that NCAM deficiency affects cocaine‐induced CPP in mice and support the view that hyperfunction of the stress response system and reactivity to novelty predict the behavioral responses to cocaine.
Stability of regulatory T cells in T helper 2–biased allergic airway diseases
Authors: Lan Feng , Zhang Nan , Bachert Claus , Zhang Luo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells potentially suppress the deleterious activities of effector T cells and maintain a state of tolerance against antigens in the airway mucosa. A decrease in the number and function of Treg cells is observed in T helper 2 (Th2)–biased allergic airway diseases. However, adoptive transfer of naturally occurring Treg (tTreg) cells or peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) cells in asthmatic mouse models did not yield satisfactory results in any previous studies. Here, we review the recent progress in the identification and plasticity of tTreg and pTreg cells in Th2–biased airway diseases and summarize the factors affecting the stability and function of Treg cells. This review may serve as foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of tTreg and pTreg cells and development of effective strategies for treating allergic airway diseases.
Lack of knowledge and experience highlights the need for a clear paediatric organ and tissue donation protocol in the Netherlands
Authors: Vileito Alicija , Siebelink Marion J. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Verhagen A. A. Eduard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThis study explored the attitudes of medical professionals to organ and tissue donation in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the Netherlands. It also examined their compliance with the existing Dutch donation protocol and assessed whether a paediatric donation protocol was needed.MethodsWe invited 966 professionals working in all eight PICUs and the two largest NICUs to complete an online survey from December 2016 until April 2017.ResultsA quarter (25%) took part and they included PICU intensivists, neonatologists, nurses and other health and allied professionals. Most were female and nurses. More than half (54%) of the PICU respondents considered paediatric organ donation to be very important and 53% supported tissue donation. In contrast, only 22% of the NICU respondents believed that both neonatal organ and tissue donation were very important. Familiarity and compliance with the existing national donation protocol were low. PICU nurses had significantly less experience than PICU intensivists and felt less comfortable with the donation process. None of the NICU respondents had prior donation experience.ConclusionPaediatric intensive care units and NICU professionals lack specialised knowledge and experience on organ and tissue donation. A comprehensive and clear paediatric donation protocol is clearly needed.
Burying our mistakes: Dealing with prognostic uncertainty after severe brain injury
Authors: Graham Mackenzie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrognosis after severe brain injury is highly uncertain, and decisions to withhold or withdraw life‐sustaining treatment are often made prematurely. These decisions are often driven by a desire to avoid a situation where the patient becomes ‘trapped’ in a condition they would find unacceptable. However, this means that a proportion of patients who would have gone on to make a good recovery, are allowed to die. I propose a shift in practice towards the routine provision of aggressive care, even in cases where the probability of survival and acceptable recovery is thought to be low. In conjunction with this shift, I argue in favour of a presumption towards withdrawing life‐sustaining treatment, including artificial nutrition and hydration, when it becomes clear that a patient will not recover to a level that would be acceptable to them. I then respond to three potential objections to this proposal.
Comparison of complications after transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy: a national population‐based study
Authors: Berry Brendan , Parry Matthew G. , Sujenthiran Arunan , Nossiter Julie , Cowling Thomas E. , Aggarwal Ajay , Cathcart Paul , Payne Heather , van der Meulen Jan , Clarke Noel 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the complications of transrectal (TR) compared to transperineal prostate (TP) biopsies.Patients and MethodsMen diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2017 in England were identified in the National Prostate Cancer Audit. Administrative hospital data were then used to categorize the type of prostate biopsy and subsequent complications requiring hospital admission. Administrative hospital data were used to identify patients staying overnight immediately after biopsy and those readmitted separately for hospital admissions because of sepsis, urinary retention or haematuria. Procedure‐related mortality and total length of hospital stay within 30 days were also recorded. Generalized linear models were used to calculate adjusted risk differences (aRDs).ResultsA total of 73 630 patients undergoing prostate biopsy were identified. Those undergoing TP biopsy (n = 13 723) were more likely to have an overnight hospital stay (12.3% vs 2.4%; aRD 9.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1–12.3), were less likely to be readmitted because of sepsis (1.0% vs 1.4%; aRD −0.4%, CI −0.6 to −0.2), and were more likely to be readmitted with urinary retention (1.9% vs 1.0%; aRD 1.1%, CI 0.7–1.4) than those undergoing a TR biopsy (n = 59 907). There were no significant differences in the risk of haematuria or mortality.ConclusionsOur results showed that TP biopsy had a lower risk of readmission for sepsis but a higher risk of readmission for urinary retention than TR biopsy. Use of the TP route would prevent one readmission for sepsis in 278 patients at the cost of three additional patients readmitted for urinary retention.
Soft tissue expander for vertically atrophied alveolar ridges: Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Byun Soo‐Hwan , Kim Seon‐Yeong , Lee Ho , Lim Ho‐Kyung , Kim Ju‐Won , Lee Ui‐Lyong , Lee Jong‐Bin , Park Sung‐Ho , Kim Sun‐Jong , Song Ju-Dong , Jang Il-Seok , Kim Min-Kyoung , Kim Jin‐Woo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesConventional guided bone regeneration (GBR) limits the amount of bone graft due to limited soft tissue expansion. We hypothesize that the use of tissue expander will successfully augment soft tissue prior to bone graft, allowing for sufficient amount of grafting which will lead to a more stable and effective vertical bone graft. The authors aimed to evaluate effectiveness of the novel self‐inflating tissue expander for vertical augmentation in terms of soft tissue expansion, clinical outcomes, and related complications.Material and methodsA prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was performed on patients requiring vertical augmentation. For experimental group patients, the tissue expander was subperiosteally implanted and followed by a tunneling bone graft without full flap reflection. Control patients underwent conventional vertical GBR. Primary objectives were to evaluate the dimensional changes of soft tissue and radiographic vertical bone gain and retention. As a secondary outcome, clinical complications and thickness changes of expanded overlying tissue were assessed and analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐three patients in each group were included. During a 4‐week expansion, two of the experimental group showed over‐expansion and one showed mucosal perforation associated with previous severe scars. The other patients showed uneventful expansion and mean tissue augmentation was 6.88 ± 1.64 mm vertically. Ultrasonographic measurements of overlying gingiva revealed no thinning after tissue expansion (p > .05). Significantly higher vertical bone gain was shown in the experimental group (5.12 ± 1.25 mm) compared with that in the control patients (4.22 ± 1.15 mm;p < .05). After a 6‐month retention period, the mean vertical bone measurement of the controls had decreased to 1.90 mm (55.0% reduction), which was a significantly greater decrease than that in the experimental group (mean 3.55 mm, 30.7% reduction;p < .05).ConclusionOur results demonstrated the effectiveness of tissue expanders followed by tunneling bone graft for vertical augmentation; however, studies comparing the two techniques without tissue expanders are needed to elucidate the net effect of tissue expansion.
Anteroposterior balance reactions in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Crenshaw Jeremy R , Petersen Drew A , Conner Benjamin C , Tracy James B , Pigman Jamie , Wright Henry G , Miller Freeman , Johnson Curtis L , Modlesky Christopher M 
Published: March 2020

AimTo compare anterior and posterior standing balance reactions, as measured by single‐stepping thresholds, in children with and without spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSeventeen ambulatory children with spastic CP (eight males, nine females) and 28 typically developing children (13 males, 15 females; age range 5–12y, mean [SD] 9y 2mo [2y 3mo]), were included in this cross‐sectional, observational study. Balance reaction skill was quantified as anterior and posterior single‐stepping thresholds, or the treadmill‐induced perturbations that consistently elicited a step in that direction. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of between‐group differences in stepping thresholds, dynamic stability was quantified using the minimum margin of stability. Ankle muscle activation latency, magnitude, and co‐contraction were assessed with surface electromyography.ResultsWe observed an age and group interaction for anterior thresholds (p=0.001, partial η2=0.24). At older (≈11y; p<0.001, partial η2=0.48), but not younger (≈7y; p=0.33, partial η2=0.02) ages, typically developing children had larger anterior thresholds than those with CP. In response to near‐threshold anterior perturbations, older typically developing children recovered from more instability than their peers with CP (p=0.004, partial η2=0.18). Older children had no between‐group differences in ankle muscle activity. No between‐group differences were observed in posterior thresholds.InterpretationThe effects of CP on balance reactions are age‐ and direction‐specific. Older typically developing children are more able or willing to withhold a step when unstable.What this paper adds

Children with spastic cerebral palsy have age‐ and direction‐specific balance‐reaction impairments.

Lower anterior stepping thresholds were observed in older, but not younger children.

Older typically developing children withheld a forward step at higher levels of instability.

No between‐group differences were seen in posterior stepping thresholds.
Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest, China
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Li Xiaoshuang , Bozorov Tohir A. , Ma Rong , Ma Jinbiao , Zhang Yiheng , Yang Honglan , Li Li , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.