bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Flow in Delayed Graft Function as Assessed by IVIM Is Associated With Time to Recovery Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Hashim Eyesha , Yuen Darren A. , Kirpalani Anish 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF), defined as the need for dialysis in the first week after kidney transplantation, frequently complicates posttransplantation care. The most common cause of DGF is ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). To date, no clinical tools can accurately estimate its severity, nor the time required for recovery of kidney function.PurposeTo investigate if parameters related to directed flow and diffusion of water, as determined by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI), could be used to differentiate DGF from normal graft function posttransplantation, predict time to recovery from DGF, and hence serve as a surrogate measure of IRI severity.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional cohort study.PopulationFifty consecutive kidney transplant recipients within 3–10 days posttransplantation at our hospital.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/IVIM‐DWI.AssessmentThe following IVIM‐DWI parameters were studied: flow‐fraction (f), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and total‐ADC (ADCT). Mean intrarenal resistive index (R.I.) from Doppler ultrasound was also included for a comparison of IVIM‐DWI with the clinical standard of care.Statistical TestsWelch's t‐test, Spearman's correlation, and linear regression.Resultsf was significantly reduced in DGF compared to non‐DGF patients in the cortex, medulla, and whole renal parenchyma (P < 0.05). Time to recovery with respect to MRI correlated negatively with f (P < 0.05; rho = −0.52 (cortex), and −0.65 [parenchyma]), ADC (P < 0.05; rho = −0.59 [cortex], 0.59 [medulla], and −0.59 [parenchyma]) and ADCT (P < 0.05; rho = −0.54 [cortex], and −0.52 [medulla]). Whole renal parenchymal f predicted time to recovery relative to MRI (P < 0.05, adjusted r‐squared = 0.36). R.I. was significantly different between the groups but did not correlate with time to recovery with respect to MRI (rho = 0.43, P = 0.096).Data ConclusionQuantification of renal flow using IVIM‐DWI has the potential to serve as a surrogate measure of IRI severity to estimate the degree of and recovery from DGF.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3
Asymmetric rectilinear ion trap with unidirectional ion ejection capability
Authors: Huo Xinming , Chen Dong , Tian Yuan , Li Man , Yu Quan , Guo Cheng'an , Wang Xiaohao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the shapes of the electrodes are modified based on a rectilinear ion trap to achieve unidirectional ejection of ions. The designed asymmetric rectilinear ion trap (ARIT) analyzer adds convex and concave circular structures with a height of 0.5 mm on the two X‐electrodes, so that the electric field center of the ion trap is inclined to the concave side. The electric field lines of the convex side are compressed to the concave side. Both simulations and experimental results show that ions are more likely to emit from the slit on the concave side plate when performing ion resonance ejection. The mass spectrum signal intensity can reach more than twice that of the original rectilinear trap when using only one detector. Calculations of the electric field components in the trap show that the even‐order higher field proportion in the ion trap has not been significantly affected. Combined with the experimental test results, the study further confirmed that the developed ARIT has no significant loss in mass resolution, tandem mass spectrometry capability, and quantitative analysis capability. The proposed asymmetric structure modification scheme can achieve single‐side ejection without significantly affecting other performances of the analyzer, which provides a new idea for the structural optimization of the subsequent ion trap analyzers.
Shorebird Abundance Estimates in Interior Alaska
Authors: Martin Ellen C. , Jochum Kim A. , Bagley Calvin F. , Doherty Paul F. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTInterior Alaska, USA, is the least‐studied region in Alaska for breeding shorebirds because of challenging accessibility and expectations of low densities and abundances. We estimated lowland and upland shorebird population sizes on 370,420 ha of military lands in interior Alaska boreal forest from May–July 2016 and 2017. We modified the Program for Regional and International Shorebird Monitoring (PRISM) protocol used elsewhere in Alaska and incorporated a probability‐based sampling design and dependent double‐observer methods. We pooled all lowland shorebird and all upland shorebird observations and estimated abundance using Huggins closed captures models in Program MARK. Estimated abundances of all lowland and upland shorebirds were 42,239 ± 13,431 (SE) and 3,523 ± 494, respectively. The survey area is important for shorebirds in Alaska. We estimate that military lands in interior Alaska support 45,762 ± 13,925 shorebirds, including 7 species of conservation concern. Higher abundance of lowland shorebirds was best explained by lower elevation, lower percent scrub canopy, and higher percent water on plots. Higher abundance of upland shorebirds was best explained by higher elevation and increased distance to wetland. Our modified Arctic PRISM protocol was effective for surveys in the boreal forest and we recommend continued use of method modifications for future shorebird surveys in boreal forests. Identifying baseline abundances of shorebirds using interior Alaska is an important step in monitoring distributional shifts and potential future population declines. © 2020 The Authors. TheJournal of Wildlife Managementpublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Graphenated Ceramic Particles as Functional Fillers for Nonisocyanate Polyhydroxyurethane Composites
Authors: Yang Yuan , Pössel Burkhardt , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphenation of corundum and silicon carbide filler particles simultaneously improves mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of nonisocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes (NIPU) composites prepared by amine cure of polyfunctional cyclic carbonates. Typically, the ceramic fillers coated with either glucose, polydopamine, or graphite oxide (GO) are thermolyzed to produce an ultrathin graphene shell around the ceramic core, as verified by transmission electron microscopy. As compared to a blend of corundum particles with the thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) nanofiller, graphenation of corundum with GO at a similar total carbon content significantly improves the Young’s modulus (7000 MPa, +184%) of trimethylolpropane glycidylether carbonate (TMPGC) cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA). Moreover, up to 30 wt% of the graphenated corundum filler is uniformly dispersed, whereas a few percent of neat TRGO account for intolerable high viscosity. Furthermore, NIPU composites containing graphenated ceramic fillers exhibit electrical conductivities of up 2.58 × 10−5 S m−1 well below the percolation threshold of neat TRGO in the same NIPU matrix. Hence, the graphenation of inorganic particles represents a facile and universal synthetic route toward tailoring functional fillers and combines the two worlds of functionalized graphene and inorganic fillers in an economic way by eliminating the tedious syntheses and handling typical for graphene nanofillers.
Lysine‐Functionalized Gibbsite Nanoplatelet Dispersions for Nonisocyanate Polyhydroxyurethane Nanocomposites and Translucent Coatings
Authors: Pössel Burkhardt , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe lysine functionalization of ultrathin γ‐Al(OH)3 single‐crystal nanoplatelets (ly‐gibbsite) having an average thickness below 100 nm and a width ranging between 0.5 and 1.5 µm renders them organophilic and enables their agglomerate‐free dispersion in nonisocyanate polyhydroxyurethane (NIPU) thermosets prepared by amine cure of polyfunctional cyclic carbonates. Whereas most other nanoparticles drastically increase viscosity even at very low content, NIPU processing tolerates up to 40 wt% ly‐gibbsite without impairing its uniform dispersion. The amine groups of ly‐gibbsite can react with cyclic carbonate groups of NIPU to afford interfacial coupling. Contrary to the NIPU composites containing corundum and spherical gibbsite particles, ly‐gibbsite/NIPU nanocomposites exhibit substantially higher stiffness as reflected by high Young’s modulus up to 9500 MPa. Moreover, ly‐gibbsite/NIPU coatings remain translucent even at high ly‐gibbsite content when the nanoplatelet length is below 1 µm. As verified by transmission electron microscopic imaging of coatings, the ly‐gibbsite nanoplatelets are aligned parallel to the surface. At high ly‐gibbsite content, NIPU thermosets are rendered flame retardant in the absence of halogen and other flame retardants. The NIPU coatings tolerate the addition of aluminum flakes to produce metallic NIPU varnishes.
ADR‐Net: Context extraction network based on M‐Net for medical image segmentation
Authors: Ji Lingyu , Jiang Xiaoyan , Gao Yongbin , Fang Zhijun , Cai Qingping , Wei Ziran 
Published: June 2020

PurposeMedical image segmentation is an essential component of medical image analysis. Accurate segmentation can assist doctors in diagnosis and relieve their fatigue. Although several image segmentation methods based on U‐Net have been proposed, their performances have been observed to be suboptimal in the case of small‐sized objects. To address this shortcoming, a novel network architecture is proposed in this study to enhance segmentation performance on small medical targets.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a joint multi‐scale context attention network architecture to simultaneously capture higher level semantic information and spatial information. In order to obtain a greater number of feature maps during decoding, the network concatenates the images of side inputs by down‐sampling during the encoding phase. In the bottleneck layer of the network, dense atrous convolution (DAC) and multi‐scale residual pyramid pooling (RMP) modules are exploited to better capture high‐level semantic information and spatial information. To improve the segmentation performance on small targets, the attention gate (AG) block is used to effectively suppress feature activation in uncorrelated regions and highlight the target area.ResultsThe proposed model is first evaluated on the public dataset DRIVE, on which it performs significantly better than the basic framework in terms of sensitivity (SE), intersection‐over‐union (IOU), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In particular, the SE and IOU are observed to increase by 7.46% and 5.97%, respectively. Further, the evaluation indices exhibit improvements compared to those of state‐of‐the‐art methods as well, with SE and IOU increasing by 3.58% and 3.26%, respectively. Additionally, in order to demonstrate the generalizability of the proposed architecture, we evaluate our model on three other challenging datasets. The respective performances are observed to be better than those of state‐of‐the‐art network architectures on the same datasets. Moreover, we use lung segmentation as a comparative experiment to demonstrate the transferability of the advantageous properties of the proposed approach in the context of small target segmentation to the segmentation of large targets. Finally, an ablation study is conducted to investigate the individual contributions of the AG block, the DAC block, and the RMP block to the performance of the network.ConclusionsThe proposed method is evaluated on various datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model performs better than state‐of‐the‐art methods in medical image segmentation of small targets.
Prescription patterns in patients with schizophrenia in Japan: First‐quality indicator data from the survey of “Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)” project
Authors: Ichihashi Kayo , Hori Hikaru , Hasegawa Naomi , Yasuda Yuka , Yamamoto Tomoya , Tsuboi Takashi , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kishimoto Taishiro , Horai Tadasu , Yamada Hiroki , Sugiyama Nobuhiro , Nakamura Toshinori , Tsujino Naohisa , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Oishi Satoru , Usami Masahide , Katsumoto Eiichi , Yamamori Hidenaga , Tomita Hiroaki , Suwa Taro , Furihata Ryuji , Inagaki Takahiko , Fujita Junichi , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Miura Kenichiro , Matsumoto Junya , Ohi Kazutaka , Matsui Yuki , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Hashimoto Naoki , Iga Junichi , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Yamada Hisashi , Watanabe Koichiro , Inada Ken , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuideline for Pharmacological Therapy for Schizophrenia was published by the Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology in 2015. “Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)” project aimed to standardize medical practice using quality indicators (QIs) as indices to evaluate the quality of medical practice. In this study, we have reported the quality indicator values of prescription before the beginning of the guideline lectures in the EGUIDE project to ascertain the baseline status of treating patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA cross‐sectional, retrospective case record survey was conducted, involving 1164 patients with schizophrenia at the time of discharge. We checked all types and dosage of psychotropic drugs.ResultsForty‐three percent of patients had antipsychotic polypharmacy, and substantial concomitant medication was observed (antidepressants; 8%, mood stabilizers: 37%, anxiolytics or hypnotics: 68%).ConclusionsIn the results obtained in this study, we plant to report changes in the effectiveness of education in the EGUIDE project near the future.
Optimal control of earth pressure balance of shield tunneling machine based on dual‐heuristic dynamic programming
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Xu Sheng , Shao Cheng 
Published: June 2020

SummaryEarth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling machine has been widely used in underground construction. To avoid the catastrophic accidents caused by earth pressure imbalance, the earth pressure on excavation face must be controlled balance to that in chamber. To solve this problem better, a multi‐variable data‐driven optimal control method for shield machine based on dual‐heuristic programming (DHP) is proposed. The DHP controller is constructed with action network, model network, and critic network based on back‐propagation neural networks (BPNNs). Following Bellman's principle of optimality, a cost function of DHP controller for the chamber's earth pressure is presented, which simplifies a multi‐level optimization to a single‐level optimization. To minimize the cost function, the action network utilizes the critic network's error to achieve multi‐variable optimization, and the optimal control parameters for the tunneling process are obtained at last. The simulation results show that the method can effectively control the earth pressure balance. Even in case of disturbance, the system has strong anti‐interference ability and the control process is also quicker and steadier.
A case of anti‐laminin 332 mucous membrane pemphigoid manifesting as desquamative gingivitis
Authors: Maeda Sahoko Imai , Fujiwara Kumiko , Tomihara Kei , Yamazaki Manabu , Imaue Shuichi , Noguchi Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnti‐laminin 332 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is characterized by circulating anti‐laminin 332 autoantibodies, with a high risk of concurrent malignant neoplasms. We report a case of anti‐laminin 332 MMP manifesting as a desquamative gingivitis. A 45‐year‐old woman experienced painful erythema and occasional bullous lesions on the gingiva despite good oral hygiene and plaque control. Intraoral examination revealed gingival inflammation with desquamation. Biopsy showed subepithelial cleft formation suggesting a subepidermal blister. Direct immunofluorescence revealed the deposition of IgG and IgA in the epithelium. Accordingly, we diagnosed anti‐laminin 332 MMP and treated with systemic corticosteroids. The oral lesion resolved after 3 months.
Successful use of transarterial radioembolization with yttrium‐90 (TARE‐Y90) in two children with hepatoblastoma
Authors: Aguado Allison , Dunn Stephen P. , Averill Lauren W. , Chikwava Kudakwashe R. , Gresh Renee , Rabinowitz Deborah , Katzenstein Howard M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary malignant liver tumors are rare but all require surgical resection as part of therapy with curative intent. A minority of patients have resectable tumors at diagnosis. Chemotherapy has a therapeutic role in hepatoblastoma but only one‐third of patients have resectable disease at diagnosis. Two children with hepatoblastoma and suboptimal responses to initial chemotherapy received therapy with transarterial radioembolization utilizing yttrium‐90 (TARE‐Y90) and had significant response leading to resection and remission. The role of TARE‐Y90 needs to be studied further to define its use in primary pediatric liver neoplasms.
Development of a novel plasma probe for the investigation and control of plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating processes
Authors: Kasashima Yuji , Brenner Thorben , Vissing Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA plasma probe and measuring method were developed to simultaneously determine both the electron density, ne, and floating potential in plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) coating processes within low‐pressure plasmas. The functionality of the probe with a high deposition rate is demonstrated on the basis of examples using hexamethyldisiloxane as a precursor gas. The results show that the developed probe can determine both the ne (∼1015 m−3) and the time‐varying floating potential. The results also indicate that the probe is effective for monitoring the changes in the plasma condition caused by the pressure and the gas flow rate during the coating process. This method can contribute to confirm the process and chamber conditions in PECVD processes.
Quantification and characterization of bull trout annually entrained in the major irrigation canal on the St. Mary River, Montana, United States, and identification of operations changes that would reduce that loss
Authors: Kaeding Lynn R. , Mogen Jim T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe entrainment of fish in irrigation canals has long been a management concern in western North America. In north‐central Montana, United States, the presumed but unexamined entrainment of the “threatened” bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus Suckley) in the St. Mary Canal was considered a major impediment to the species' Federal Endangered Species Act recovery. Between April and September, 2002–2006, we systematically netted fish entrained at four canal gates. Among the total 9,981 fish caught during 21,064 net hours, 207 were bull trout mainly 120–200 mm total length (91%) and age 2 (60%) or age 3 (38%). Because catch per unit sampling effort was small and positive values few, the data were pooled among years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate entrainment within months, hours of the day, and individual nets, as well as total annual entrainment. Bull trout entrainment was lowest during daylight and highest during darkness. Seasonally, entrainment was highest in spring, lowest in summer, and of moderate size in early fall. We estimated 140–274 (95% prediction bounds) bull trout were entrained annually under current canal operations; a 90% reduction in that entrainment if there were no April–May operations; and an 80% reduction if operations were limited to daylight hours. That final result suggested bull trout entrainment may be reduced by operation of non‐physical barriers (e.g., artificial illumination of the river) near the canal gates at night. Our approach provided a tool that could be used to reduce bull trout entrainment while potentially meeting water‐delivery needs.
A Self‐Assembled Hetero‐Structured Inverse‐Spinel and Anti‐Perovskite Nanocomposite for Ultrafast Water Oxidation
Authors: Ma Nana , Chen Gao , Zhu Yanping , Sun Hainan , Dai Jie , Chu Hang , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Cai Rui , Shao Zongping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpinel and perovskite with distinctive crystal structures are two of the most popular material families in electrocatalysis, which, however, usually show poor conductivity, causing a negative effect on the charge transfer process during electrochemical reactions. Herein, a highly conductive inverse spinel (Fe3O4) and anti‐perovskite (Ni3FeN) hetero‐structured nanocomposite is reported as a superior oxygen evolution electrocatalyst, which can be facilely prepared based on a one‐pot synthesis strategy. Thanks to the strong hybridization between Ni/Fe 3d and N 2p orbitals, the Ni3FeN is easily transformed into NiFe (oxy)hydroxide as the real active species during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process, while the Fe3O4 component with low O‐p band center relative to Fermi level is structurally stable. As a result, both high surface reactivity and bulk electronic transport ability are reached. By directly growing Fe3O4/Ni3FeN heterostructure on freestanding carbon fiber paper and testing based on the three‐electrode configuration, it requires only 160 mV overpotential to deliver a current density of 30 mA cm−2 for OER. Also, negligible performance decay is observed within a prolonged test period of 100 h. This work sheds light on the rational design of novel heterostructure materials for electrocatalysis.
Extremum‐seeking control for energy‐harvesting enhancement of wind turbines with hydromechanical drivetrains
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud E. , Shaltout Mohamed L. , Kassem Saad A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEfficiency and reliability enhancement of distributed wind energy systems have been the subject of extensive research effort for the purpose of energy cost reduction and power availability. This work investigates the integration of a hydromechanical power split transmission into the drivetrain of a stall‐regulated wind turbine with a fixed‐speed generator to enhance the overall system efficiency without compromising its reliability. The proposed drivetrain configuration introduces a variable transmission ratio capability, thus enabling the turbine rotor to cope with varying wind speeds independent of the fixed generator speed. An extremum‐seeking control approach is adopted to maximize energy harvesting by controlling a variable geometric volume hydraulic pump without the need for wind speed measurement. Compared with a stall‐regulated fixed‐speed wind turbine, the performance of the proposed wind turbine configuration is evaluated in simulation environment under different wind speed conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed wind turbine configuration to significantly improve the system overall efficiency in partial and full‐load regions of operation. Consequently, the proposed wind turbine configuration with extremum‐seeking control can be considered as an efficient and reliable possible alternative for future distributed and isolated wind energy systems.