bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed approximate matrix assembly in multigrid with dynamic precisions
Authors: Murray Charles D. , Weinzierl Tobias 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe accurate assembly of the system matrix is an important step in any code that solves partial differential equations on a mesh. We either explicitly set up a matrix, or we work in a matrix‐free environment where we have to be able to quickly return matrix entries upon demand. Either way, the construction can become costly due to nontrivial material parameters entering the equations, multigrid codes requiring cascades of matrices that depend upon each other, or dynamic adaptive mesh refinement that necessitates the recomputation of matrix entries or the whole equation system throughout the solve. We propose that these constructions can be performed concurrently with the multigrid cycles. Initial geometric matrices and low accuracy integrations kickstart the multigrid iterations, while improved assembly data is fed to the solver as and when it becomes available. The time to solution is improved as we eliminate an expensive preparation phase traditionally delaying the actual computation. We eliminate algorithmic latency. Furthermore, we desynchronize the assembly from the solution process. This anarchic increase in the concurrency level improves the scalability. Assembly routines are notoriously memory‐ and bandwidth‐demanding. As we work with iteratively improving operator accuracies, we finally propose the use of a hierarchical, lossy compression scheme such that the memory footprint is brought down aggressively where the system matrix entries carry little information or are not yet available with high accuracy.
Various syncretic co‐attention network for multimodal sentiment analysis
Authors: Cao Meng , Zhu Yonghua , Gao Wenjing , Li Mengyao , Wang Shaoxiu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe multimedia contents shared on social network reveal public sentimental attitudes toward specific events. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct sentiment analysis automatically on abundant multimedia data posted by the public for real‐world applications. However, approaches to single‐modal sentiment analysis neglect the internal connections between textual and visual contents, and current multimodal methods fail to exploit the multilevel semantic relations of heterogeneous features. In this article, the various syncretic co‐attention network is proposed to excavate the intricate multilevel corresponding relations between multimodal data, and combine the unique information of each modality for integrated complementary sentiment classification. Specifically, a multilevel co‐attention module is constructed to explore localized correspondences between each image region and each text word, and holistic correspondences between global visual information and context‐based textual semantics. Then, all the single‐modal features can be fused from different levels, respectively. Except for fused multimodal features, our proposed VSCN also considers unique information of each modality simultaneously and integrates them into an end‐to‐end framework for sentiment analysis. The superior results of experiments on three constructed real‐world datasets and a benchmark dataset of Visual Sentiment Ontology (VSO) prove the effectiveness of our proposed VSCN. Especially qualitative analyses are given for deep explaining of our method.
IKBKE, a prognostic factor preferentially expressed in mesenchymal glioblastoma, modulates tumoral immunosuppression through the STAT3/PD‐L1 pathway
Authors: Yi Li , Guo Gaochao , Li Jiabo , Fan Xiaoguang , Li Tao , Tong Luqing , Liu Peidong , Wang Xuya , Yuan Feng , Yu Shengping , Huang Qiang , Yang Xuejun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) plays critical roles in the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioblastoma (GBM). However, as an immune response factor, few studies have focused on the role of IKBKE in the glioblastoma‐mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we found a higher IKBKE expression level in gliomas corresponding to higher malignancy of the tumor. The highest level of IKBKE expression was examined in the core region of GBM tissues as well as the mesenchymal subtype, which are featured with necrosis, immunocyte infiltration, and immunosuppression. Further in silico analysis demonstrated that the JAK/STAT as the signaling pathway most associated with IKBKE in mesenchymal GBM. The co‐expression patterns of IKBKE, pSTAT3, and PD‐L1 were detected within GBM tissues. Mechanistically, IKBKE could interact with STAT3 and thus enhancing the phosphorylation level of STAT3 and its nuclear translocation. In addition, pSTAT3 could transcriptionally regulate the expression of PD‐L1 through binding to its promoter. In vivo results further confirmed the inhibitory effect of the IKBKE downregulation on tumor growth. Collectively, our findings suggest IKBKE as the central node in the crosstalk between NF‐κB and STAT3 signaling within mesenchymal GBM. Targeting GBM through inhibiting IKBKE could restrain tumor growth and tumor‐mediated immunosuppressive environment.
Tubulin post‐translational modifications control neuronal development and functions
Authors: Moutin Marie‐Jo , Bosc Christophe , Peris Leticia , Andrieux Annie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are an essential component of the neuronal cytoskeleton; they are involved in various aspects of neuron development, maintenance, and functions including polarization, synaptic plasticity, and transport. Neuronal MTs are highly heterogeneous due to the presence of multiple tubulin isotypes and extensive post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs—most notably detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—have emerged as important regulators of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. With this review, we summarize what is currently known about the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport as well as on brain function in normal and pathological conditions, in particular during neuro‐degeneration. The main therapeutic approaches to neuro‐diseases based on the modulation of tubulin PTMs are also summarized. Overall, the review indicates how tubulin PTMs can generate a large number of functionally specialized microtubule sub‐networks, each of which is crucial to specific neuronal features.
Detection of acquired von Willebrand syndrome after ventricular assist device by total thrombus‐formation analysis system
Authors: Takashio Seiji , Kaikita Koichi , Nishi Masato , Morioka Mami , Higo Taiki , Shiose Akira , Doman Tsuyoshi , Horiuchi Hisanori , Fukui Toshihiro , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsBleeding is a serious complication in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD). Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS; type 2A) develops because of high shear stress inside the pumps and is a cause of bleeding complication. Although von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimer analysis is useful for diagnosing AVWS, it is only performed in specialized research institutes. A novel microchip flow chamber system, the total thrombus‐formation analysis system (T‐TAS), is a point‐of‐care system to evaluate the thrombus‐formation process and useful for monitoring platelet thrombus‐formation capacity in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy and the diagnosis and evaluation of the clinical severity of von Willebrand disease type 1. However, little is known about the association between AVWS and platelet thrombus‐formation capacity evaluated by T‐TAS in patients with CF‐LVAD. We aimed to evaluate the utility of T‐TAS for easy detection of AVWS in patients with CF‐LVAD.Methods and resultsWe simultaneously evaluated the vWF large multimers and T‐TAS parameters in four consecutive patients with axial‐type CF‐LVAD and eight control patients treated with aspirin and warfarin. vWF large multimer index was defined as the proportion of large multimers in total vWF derived from a normal control plasma. T‐TAS analyses different thrombus‐formation processes using two microchips with different thrombogenic surfaces. PL24‐AUC10 levels in the platelet (PL) chip are highly sensitive for platelet functions, while AR10‐AUC30 levels in the atheroma (AR) chip allow the assessment of the overall haemostatic ability. vWF large multimer index and T‐TAS parameters were decreased in all patients with CF‐LVAD. The mean PL24‐AUC10 level (5.4 ± 2.9 vs. 219 ± 67; P < 0.01), AR10‐AUC30 level (338 ± 460 vs. 1604 ± 160; P < 0.01) and vWF large multimer index (49 ± 11% vs. 112 ± 27%; P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the patients with CF‐LVAD than in control patients. One patient showed changes in T‐TAS levels before and after implantation of CF‐LVAD. PL24‐AUC10 and AR10‐AUC30 levels decreased from 438.1 to 5.0 and from 1667.9 to 1134.3, respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with CF‐LVAD, the platelet thrombus‐formation capacity was extremely impaired because of AVWS, and T‐TAS parameters could detect the presence of AVWS. T‐TAS can be used for easy detection of AVWS as a point‐of‐care testing. Further studies with a large sample size are needed to validate our results in several LVAD models and evaluate the prognostic value of bleeding complications and thromboembolism in patients with LVAD.
Fibroblast‐derived IL‐33 is dispensable for lymph node homeostasis but critical for CD8 T‐cell responses to acute and chronic viral infection
Authors: Aparicio‐Domingo Patricia , Cannelle Hélène , Buechler Matthew B. , Nguyen Sylvain , Kallert Sandra M. , Favre Stéphanie , Alouche Nagham , Papazian Natalie , Ludewig Burkhard , Cupedo Tom , Pinschewer Daniel D. , Turley Shannon J. , Luther Sanjiv A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUpon viral infection, stressed or damaged cells can release alarmins like IL‐33 that act as endogenous danger signals alerting innate and adaptive immune cells. IL‐33 coming from nonhematopoietic cells has been identified as important factor triggering the expansion of antiviral CD8+ T cells. In LN the critical cellular source of IL‐33 is unknown, as is its potential cell‐intrinsic function as a chromatin‐associated factor. Using IL‐33‐GFP reporter mice, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) as the main IL‐33 source. In homeostasis, IL‐33 is dispensable as a transcriptional regulator in FRC, indicating it functions mainly as released cytokine. Early during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, both FRC and LEC lose IL‐33 protein expression suggesting cytokine release, correlating timewise with IL‐33 receptor expression by reactive CD8+ T cells and their greatly augmented expansion in WT versus ll33−/− mice. Using mice lacking IL‐33 selectively in FRC versus LEC, we identify FRC as key IL‐33 source driving acute and chronic antiviral T‐cell responses. Collectively, these findings show that LN T‐zone FRC not only regulate the homeostasis of naïve T cells but also their expansion and differentiation several days into an antiviral response.
Response of a scale‐model pile group for a jacket foundation of an offshore wind turbine in liquefiable ground during shaking table tests
Authors: Ko Yung‐Yen , Li Yi‐Ting 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTo investigate the seismic response of a pile group during liquefaction, shaking table tests on a 1/25 scale model of a 2 × 2 pile group were conducted, which were pilot tests of a test project of a scale‐model offshore wind turbine with jacket foundation. A large laminar shear box was utilized as the soil container to prepare a liquefiable sandy ground specimen. The pile group model comprising four slender aluminum piles with their pile heads connected by a rigid frame was designed with similitude considerations focusing on soil–pile interaction. The input motions were 2‐Hz sinusoids with various acceleration amplitudes. The excess pore water pressure generation indicated that the upper half of the ground specimen reached initial liquefaction under the 50‐gal‐amplitude excitation, whereas in the 75‐gal‐amplitude test, almost entire ground was liquefied. Accelerations in soil, on the movable frames composing the laminar boundary of the shear box, and along the pile showed limited difference at the same elevation before liquefaction. After liquefaction, the soil and the movable‐frame accelerations that represented the ground response considerably reduced, whereas both the movable frames and the piles exhibited high‐frequency jitters other than 2‐Hz sinusoid, and meantime, remarkable phase difference between the responses of the pile group and the ground was observed, all probably due to the substantial degradation of liquefied soil. Axial strains along the pile implied its double‐curvature bending behavior, and the accordingly calculated moment declined significantly after liquefaction. These observations demonstrated the interaction between soil and piles during liquefaction.
Modified model‐based control of shake tables for online acceleration tracking
Authors: Najafi Amirali , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe interest in shake tables stems from a need to simulate earthquake behavior in laboratory settings. However, the inherent properties and nonlinearities associated with electromechanical and servohydraulic shake tables, combined with issues of table‐structure interaction, make accurate reproduction of earthquake acceleration time histories a challenging problem. The classical approach to control shake tables has been the Transfer Function Iteration (TFI) method. The tuning of the TFI controller is an offline iterative process, conducted using small amplitude ground motions. Effective compensation is not achievable for system nonlinearities that are not projected in the iterative tuning process. To address this problem, researchers have developed online compensation techniques, which can maintain tracking performance for the earthquake signals more effectively. Model‐based controllers (MBC) are a class of online controllers which use an identified model of the shake table‐structure for compensation. The MBC employs feedforward and feedback controllers to ensure that the shake table tracks a specified earthquake ground motion despite the presence of table and structural nonlinearities. However, the feedback controllers in MBC do not always maintain tracking accuracy and can result in loss of robustness when changes occur in the shake table and structure dynamics. This paper introduces a modified model‐based controller (mMBC) for acceleration tracking as an improvement on the existing MBC architecture. A stability condition is introduced to assess the robustness of the new modified control architecture. Through numerical and experimental studies, the improved tracking robustness of the mMBC architecture is demonstrated.
Sand settling through bedform‐generated turbulence in rivers
Authors: Yuill Brendan , Wang Yushi , Allison Mead , Meselhe Ehab , Esposito Chris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFluvial bedforms generate a turbulent wake that can impact suspended‐sediment settling in the passing flow. This impact has implications for local suspended‐sediment transport, bedform stability, and channel evolution; however, it is typically not well‐considered in geomorphologic models. Our study uses a three‐dimensional OpenFOAM hydrodynamic and particle‐tracking model to investigate how turbulence generated from bedforms and the channel bed influences medium sand‐sized particle settling, in terms of the distribution of suspended particles within the flow field and particle‐settling velocities. The model resolved the effect of an engineered bedform, which altered the flow field in a manner similar to a natural dune. The modelling scenarios alternated bed morphology and the simulation of turbulence, using detached eddy simulation (DES), to differentiate the influence of bedform‐generated turbulence relative to that of turbulence generated from the channel bed. The bedform generated a turbulent wake that was composed of eddies with significant anisotropic properties. The eddies and, to a lesser degree, turbulence arising from velocity shear at the bed substantially reduced settling velocities relative to the settling velocities predicted in the absence of turbulence. The eddies tended to advect sediment particles in their primary direction, diffuse particles throughout the flow column, and reduced settling likely due to production of a positively skewed vertical‐velocity fluctuation distribution. Study results suggest that the bedform wake has a significant impact on particle‐settling behaviour (up to a 50% reduction in settling velocity) at a scale capable of modulating local suspended transport rates and bedform dynamics. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The response rate of alternative treatments for drugs approved on the basis of response rate
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Gill Jennifer , Prasad Vinay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe assessed the frequency that oncology drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on a single‐arm study when there is already evidence of existing and available treatments. For this, we conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of FDA‐approved oncology drugs based on a single‐arm study. All FDA announcements for all oncology drugs approved from May 2014 through June 2019 on a single‐arm trial were included. We then performed a systematic search in PubMed, looking for studies on other drugs for the same indication as the FDA drug approval. For the 60 indications, we found 38 instances (63%) of existing therapies being used for the same indication. Of those, we found that 20 drugs were approved based upon a response rate lower than response rates of existing therapies in the same indication. Among oncology drugs that were FDA‐approved based on a single‐arm study, we found evidence of existing, available therapies being used for the same indication as the FDA‐approved drug in the majority of indications (63%), and in one‐third of all indications, the response rates for existing therapies were numerically better than the FDA‐approved drug. These results suggest that there are inconsistencies in the standards set for oncology drug approvals, and many uncontrolled trials leading to drug approvals could have contemporary controls for which equipoise exists.
Banking market reaction to auctions of failed banks
Authors: Molyneux Philip , Zhou Tim Mi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we find that non‐merger rival banks of failed banks from 2008 to 2013 experience substantial negative abnormal stock returns in the United States when failed banks are auctioned. Negative abnormal returns are related to contagion effects associated with an increased probability of their own failure and the information of these rival banks' opaque assets. We also find evidence that FDIC resolutions of these failed banks, similar to previous regulatory interventions, distort the market competition.
Effect of misoprostol with and without letrozole on the induction of abortion for women with first‐trimester missed abortion
Authors: Allameh Zahra , Goharian Maryam , Eslamian Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether addition of letrozole to a misoprostol‐based abortion regimen can increase the rate of complete abortion.MethodsThe randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial enrolled women with missed abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy attending Sadooghi Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from 2016 to 2018. The women were randomly assigned to the study group, which received 10 mg of letrozole daily for 3 days, followed by two doses of 800 μg of vaginal misoprostol at a 4‐hour interval, or the control group, which received a placebo, followed by the same dose of misoprostol. Sonography was performed to check the abortion status.ResultsIn total, 120 women completed the study: 60 in the misoprostol plus letrozole group, and 60 in the misoprostol only group. Complete abortion was documented for 93 (77.5%) women: 48 (80.0%) in the misoprostol plus letrozole group and 45 (75.0%) in the misoprostol only group (P=0.80). The mean duration of induction in the misoprostol plus letrozole and misoprostol only groups was 7.35 ± 3.54 hours and 8.2 ± 3.8 4hours, respectively (P=0.21).ConclusionAdministration of misoprostol alone was found to be as effective as the administration of misoprostol plus letrozole for first‐trimester missed abortion.
English Disciplinary Literacy: Enhancing Students’ Literary Interpretive Moves
Authors: Reynolds Todd , Rush Leslie S. , Lampi Jodi P. , Holschuh Jodi Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe authors explore foundational ideas of disciplinary literacy and articulate a research‐based heuristic for teaching disciplinary literacy in English language arts: generating, weaving, and curating. The authors apply the heuristic to the classroom, arguing that high school teachers should explicitly enhance students’ opportunities for low‐stakes interpretive moves by teaching them how to curate their own thoughts about texts and giving them the space and techniques to do so throughout their reading. The authors provide recommendations for expanding the focus of instruction from comprehension to interpretation, supporting students in developing their own interpretation through instructional techniques, such as journaling and discussion.
Combination of biocompatible hydrogel precursors to apatitic calcium phosphate cements (CPCs): Influence of the in situ hydrogel reticulation on the CPC properties
Authors: Ramirez Caballero Silvia Stella , Ferri‐Angulo Daniel , Debret Romain , Granier Fabien , Marie Sébastien , Lefèvre François‐Xavier , Bouler Jean‐Michel , Despas Christelle , Sohier Jérôme , Bujoli Bruno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the field of bone regenerative medicine, injectable calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used for decades in clinics, as bone void fillers. Most often preformed polymers (e.g., hyaluronic acid, collagen, chitosan, cellulose ethers…) are introduced in the CPC formulation to make it injectable and improve its cohesion. Once the cement has hardened, the polymer is simply trapped in the CPC structure and no organic subnetwork is present. By contrast, in this work a CPC was combined with organic monomers that reticulated in situ so that a continuous biocompatible 3D polymeric subnetwork was formed in the CPC microstructure, resulting in a higher permeability of the CPC, which might allow to accelerate its in vivo degradation. Two options were investigated depending on whether the polymer was formed before the apatitic inorganic network or concomitantly. In the former case, conditions were found to reach a suitable rheology for easy injection of the composite. In addition, the in situ formed polymer was shown to strongly affect the size, density, and arrangement of the apatite crystals formed during the setting reaction, thereby offering an original route to modulate the microstructure and porosity of apatitic cements.