bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltige Arbeit
Authors: Jochum Georg , Barth Thomas , Brandl Sebastian , Tomažič Ana Cárdenas , Hofmeister Sabine , Littig Beate , Matuschek Ingo , Ulrich Stephan , Warsewa Günter 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Debatte und wissenschaftlichen Forschung zur Zukunft der Arbeit finden ökologische Aspekte noch immer geringe Beachtung. Zugleich wird im Diskurs um Nachhaltigkeit das Thema Arbeit selten berücksichtigt. Um diese Defizite zu beheben, wird in dem Artikel mit Bezug auf das Leitbild der ‚Nachhaltigen Arbeit‘ eine Forschungsagenda zur sozial-ökologischen Transformation der gegenwärtigen Arbeitsgesellschaft entwickelt. Fokussiert auf die Themenbereiche der Transformation der Erwerbsarbeitssphäre, des Verhältnisses von bezahlten und unbezahlten Arbeiten, der globalen Zusammenhänge der Arbeitsgesellschaften, der Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für nachhaltige Arbeit sowie der Governance von Arbeit werden neue arbeitssoziologische Forschungsfelder erschlossen.
Sibling Rivalry: Evidence from China’s Compulsory Schooling Reform
Authors: Fang Guanfu , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the causal effect of older siblings’ schooling on their younger siblings’ schooling and labor market outcomes by exploiting the temporal and geographical variations in the implementation of compulsory schooling laws in China. Reform exposure is quantified as the number of years that an individual is eligible for compulsory education. We find that older siblings’ exposure to compulsory schooling reform had negative impacts on their younger siblings’ academic achievement and labor market performance. We provide some suggestive evidence for the mechanism of resource reallocation within households. These findings suggest that we may be overestimating the social benefits of compulsory schooling reforms by ignoring the resources constraints within households and the spillover effects on siblings.
Die Stadtbibliothek als Filmparadies
Authors: Daniel Frank 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Bibliotheken bieten auch technisch Unkundigen einen demokratischen, nicht-kommerziellen Rahmen für das Ausprobieren neuer technischer Trends. Angesichts des sich entwickelnden Video-Streaming-Markts und zurückgehender DVD-Entleihungen wurde in der Stadtbibliothek Köln der Dienst filmfriend eingeführt, allerdings erst nachdem ein für beide Seiten akzeptables Lizenzmodell gefunden wurde. Filmstreaming ist zwar kein Ersatz für einen umfangreichen DVD-Bestand, aber die zeit- und ortsunabhängige parallele Zugriffsmöglichkeit bringt für die Bibliotheksmitglieder eine erhebliche Komfortsteigerung mit sich – nicht nur in Pandemiezeiten. Vor allem aber handelt es sich trotz der begrenzten Titelauswahl um ein imagestärkendes Angebot, das man von Bibliotheken so nicht erwartet und das sich sehr gut in weitere Bibliotheksaktivitäten einfügt – von pädagogisch begleiteten Vermittlungsaktionen bis hin zum Selbermachen im 2020 in der Stadtbibliothek Köln eröffneten Studio für YouTube-Videos.
Improving Access to Scientific Literature with Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Auer Sören , Oelen Allard , Haris Muhammad , Stocker Markus , D’Souza Jennifer , Farfar Kheir Eddine , Vogt Lars , Prinz Manuel , Wiens Vitalis , Jaradeh Mohamad Yaser 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transfer of knowledge has not changed fundamentally for many hundreds of years: It is usually document-based-formerly printed on paper as a classic essay and nowadays as PDF. With around 2.5 million new research contributions every year, researchers drown in a flood of pseudo-digitized PDF publications. As a result research is seriously weakened. In this article, we argue for representing scholarly contributions in a structured and semantic way as a knowledge graph. The advantage is that information represented in a knowledge graph is readable by machines and humans. As an example, we give an overview on the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), a service implementing this approach. For creating the knowledge graph representation, we rely on a mixture of manual (crowd/expert sourcing) and (semi-)automated techniques. Only with such a combination of human and machine intelligence, we can achieve the required quality of the representation to allow for novel exploration and assistance services for researchers. As a result, a scholarly knowledge graph such as the ORKG can be used to give a condensed overview on the state-of-the-art addressing a particular research quest, for example as a tabular comparison of contributions according to various characteristics of the approaches. Further possible intuitive access interfaces to such scholarly knowledge graphs include domain-specific (chart) visualizations or answering of natural language questions.
Spinal cord segmentation and injury detection using a Crow Search-Rider optimization algorithm
Authors: Jasim Munavar , Brindha Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The damage in the spinal cord due to vertebral fractures may result in loss of sensation and muscle function either permanently or temporarily. The neurological condition of the patient can be improved only with the early detection and the treatment of the injury in the spinal cord. This paper proposes a spinal cord segmentation and injury detection system based on the proposed Crow search-Rider Optimization-based DCNN (CS-ROA DCNN) method, which can detect the injury in the spinal cord in an effective manner. Initially, the segmentation of the CT image of the spinal cord is performed using the adaptive thresholding method, followed by which the localization of the disc is performed using the Sparse FCM clustering algorithm (Sparse-FCM). The localized discs are subjected to a feature extraction process, where the features necessary for the classification process are extracted. The classification process is done using DCNN trained using the proposed CS-ROA, which is the integration of the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) and Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA). The experimentation is performed using the evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The proposed method achieved the high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.874, 0.8961, and 0.8828, respectively that shows the effectiveness of the proposed CS-ROA DCNN method in spinal cord injury detection.
Prediction of salivary cortisol level by electroencephalography features
Authors: Savareh Behrouz Alizadeh , Bashiri Azadeh , Hatef Mohammad Mehdi , Hatef Boshra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Change in cortisol affects brain EEG signals. So, the identification of the significant EEG features which are sensitized to cortisol concentration was the aim of the present study. From 468 participated healthy subjects, the salivary samples were taken to test the cortisol concentration and EEG signal recording was done simultaneously. Then, the subjects were categorized into three classes based on the salivary cortisol concentration (<5, 5–15 and >15 nmol/l). Some linear and nonlinear features extracted and finally, in order to investigate the relationship between cortisol level and EEG features, the following steps were taken on features in sequence: Genetic Algorithm, Neighboring Component Analysis, polyfit, artificial neural network and support vector machine classification. Two classifications were considered as following: state 1 categorized the subjects into three groups (three classes) and the second state put them into two groups (group 1: class 1 and 3, group 2: class 2). The best classification was done using ANN in the second state with the accuracy=94.1% while it was 92.7% in the first state. EEG features carefully predicted the cortisol level. This result is applicable to design the intelligence brain computer machines to control stress and brain performance.
Confocal laser microscopy without fluorescent dye in minimal-invasive thoracic surgery: an ex-vivo pilot study in lung cancer
Authors: Ellebrecht David Benjamin , Kuempers Christiane , Perner Sven , Kugler Christian , Kleemann Markus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cancer will be the leading cause of death in a few decades. In line with minimal invasive lung cancer surgery, surgeons loose most of their tactile tissue information and need an additional tool of intraoperative tissue navigation during surgery. Confocal laser microscopy is a well-established method of tissue investigation. In this ex-vivo pilot study, we evaluated an endoscopic confocal laser microscope (eCLM) that does not need any fluorescent dye as a diagnostic tool in non-malignant and malignant pulmonary tissue and distal stapler resection margins, respectively. In seven cases, an eCLM was used for examining pulmonary tissue ex-vivo. Images of non-malignant and non-small cell lung cancer tissue and distal stapler resection margins were characterized in terms of specific signal-patterns. No fluorescent dye was used. Correlations to findings in conventional histology were systematically recorded and described. Healthy lung tissue showed hyperreflectoric alveolar walls with dark alveolar spaces. Hyperreflective nets indicated the tumor stroma; whereas the hyperreflective areas indicated the tumor cell clusters. Compared to adenocarcinoma tissue, tissue from squamous cell carcinoma showed more distinctive hyperreflective stroma nets. eCLM characteristics seen in non-malignant and malignant tissue were also visible in distal stapler resection margins and so therefore it was feasible to distinguish between healthy lung tissue and lung cancer. This pilot study shows that the assessment of pulmonary tissue with this eCLM for minimally invasive surgical approach without any fluorescent dye is feasible. It enables to differentiate between benign and malignant tissue in pulmonary specimen by easy to evaluate and reproducible parameters.
Basophil counting in hematology analyzers: time to discontinue?
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J. M. L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Basophils (basophilic granulocytes) are the least abundant cells in blood. Nowadays, basophils are included in the complete blood count performed by hematology analyzers and therefore reported in practically all patients in whom hematologic investigations are requested. However, hematology analyzers are not reliable enough to report clinically useful results. This is due to a combination of very high analytical imprecision and poor specificity, because the chemical and physical methods used for basophil counting in hematology analyzers are ill-defined and thus basophils are not well recognized by the analyzers. As a result, false basophil counts are quite common. In view of increasing analytical performance demands, hematology laboratories should stop reporting basophil counts produced by hematology analyzers. Suggestions for alternative pathways are presented for those situations where basophils are of clinical relevance.
Hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without cytokine storm syndrome on the sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer
Authors: Martens Remy J. H. , van Adrichem Arjan J. , Mattheij Nadine J. A. , Brouwer Calvin G. , van Twist Daan J. L. , Broerse Jasper J. C. R. , Magro-Checa César , van Dongen Christel M. P. , Mostard Rémy L. M. , Ramiro Sofia , Landewé Robert B. M. , Leers Math P. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCOVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic. There is an urgent need for identification and understanding of clinical and laboratory parameters related to progression towards a severe and fatal form of this illness, often preceded by a so-called cytokine-storm syndrome (CSS). Therefore, we explored the hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients in relation to the deteriorating clinical condition CSS, using the Sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer.MethodsFrom March 1st till May 16th, 2020, all patients admitted to our hospital with respiratory complaints and suspected for COVID-19 were included (n=1,140 of whom n=533 COVID-19 positive). The hemocytometric parameters of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood (neutrophils [NE], lymphocytes [LY] and monocytes [MO]) obtained upon admission to the emergency department (ED) of COVID-19 positive patients were compared with those of the COVID-19 negative ones. Moreover, patients with CSS (n=169) were compared with COVID-19 positive patients without CSS, as well as with COVID-19 negative ones.ResultsIn addition to a significant reduction in leukocytes, thrombocytes and absolute neutrophils, it appeared that lymphocytes-forward scatter (LY-FSC), and reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMPHO)/leukocytes were higher in COVID-19-positive than negative patients. At the moment of presentation, COVID-19 positive patients with CSS had different neutrophils-side fluorescence (NE-SFL), neutrophils-forward scatter (NE-FSC), LY-FSC, RE-LYMPHO/lymphocytes, antibody-synthesizing (AS)-LYMPHOs, high fluorescence lymphocytes (HFLC), MO-SSC, MO-SFL, and Reactive (RE)-MONOs. Finally, absolute eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and MO-FSC were lower in patients with CSS.ConclusionsHemocytometric parameters indicative of changes in immunocompetent peripheral blood cells and measured at admission to the ED were associated with COVID-19 with and without CSS.
On the early lokapāla statues in the Buddhist sculptures unearthed in Chengdu
Authors: Huo Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, some lokapāla statues which might be carved in the Liang dynasty of the Southern Dynasties are unearthed in Chengdu area, the features of which have some differences from that of the lokapāla statues of the northern system found in Khotan, Dunhuang and other areas; they have some similarities with the early lokapāla statues of the Northern Wei dynasty, but also have some differences. The early lokapālas in the Buddhist scriptures have only names and titles with little concrete descriptions; the archaeologically discovered lokapāla statues enriched our understandings of this motif.
Error Analysis of Nitsche’s and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods of a Reduced Landau–de Gennes Problem
Authors: Maity Ruma Rani , Majumdar Apala , Nataraj Neela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study a system of semi-linear elliptic partial differential equations with a lower order cubic nonlinear term, and inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, relevant for two-dimensional bistable liquid crystal devices, within a reduced Landau–de Gennes framework. The main results are (i) a priori error estimates for the energy norm, within the Nitsche’s and discontinuous Galerkin frameworks under milder regularity assumptions on the exact solution and (ii) a reliable and efficient a posteriori analysis for a sufficiently large penalization parameter and a sufficiently fine triangulation in both cases. Numerical examples that validate the theoretical results, are presented separately.
Causality, subjectivity and mental spaces: Insights from on-line discourse processing
Authors: Kleijn Suzanne , Mak Willem M. , Sanders Ted J. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch has shown that it requires less time to process information that is part of an objective causal relation describing states of affairs in the world (She was out of breath because she was running), than information that is part of a subjective relation (She must have been in a hurry because she was running) expressing a claim or conclusion and a supporting argument. Representing subjectivity seems to require extra cognitive operations.In Mental Spaces Theory (MST; Fauconnier, Gilles. 1994.Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge: MIT Press) the difference between these two relation types can be described in terms of an extra mental space in the discourse representation of subjective relations: representing the Subject of Consciousness (SoC). In processing terms, this might imply that the processing difference is not present if this SoC has already been established in the discourse. We tested this prediction in two eye tracking experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that signaling the subjectivity of the relation by introducing a subject of consciousness beforehand did not diminish the processing asymmetry compared to a neutral context. However, the relative complexity of subjective relations was diminished in the context of Free Indirect Speech (No! He was absolutely sure. There was no doubt about it. She was running so she was in hurry; Experiment 2).In terms of MST and the representation of subjectivity in general, this implies that not only creating a representation of a thinking subject, but also assigning a claim to this thinking subject requires extra processing effort.
Unit Under Test Identification Using Natural Language Processing Techniques
Authors: Madeja Matej , Porubän Jaroslav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unit under test identification (UUT) is often difficult due to test smells, such as testing multiple UUTs in one test. Because the tests best reflect the current product specification they can be used to comprehend parts of the production code and the relationships between them. Because there is a similar vocabulary between the test and UUT, five NLP techniques were used on the source code of 5 popular Github projects in this paper. The collected results were compared with the manually identified UUTs. The tf-idf model achieved the best accuracy of 22% for a right UUT and 57% with a tolerance up to fifth place of manual identification. These results were obtained after preprocessing input documents with java keywords removal and word split. The tf-idf model achieved the best model training time and the index search takes within 1s per request, so it could be used in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) as a support tool in the future. At the same time, it has been found that, for document preprocessing, word splitting improves accuracy best and removing java keywords has just a small improvement for tf-idf model results. Removing comments only slightly worsens the accuracy of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The best speed provided the word splitting with average 0.3s preprocessing time per all documents in a project.
Radial growth of the derivatives of analytic functions in Besov spaces
Authors: Domínguez Salvador , Girela Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For 1 < p < ∞, the Besov space Bp
consists of those functions f which are analytic in the unit disc 𝔻 = {z ∈ 𝔺 : |z| < 1} and satisfy ∫𝔻(1 − |z|2)
p

−2|f ′(z)|
p dA(z) < ∞. The space B
2 reduces to the classical Dirichlet space 𝒟. It is known that if f ∈ 𝒟then |f ′(reiθ
)| = o[(1 − r)−1/2], for almost every ∈ [0, 2π]. Hallenbeck and Samotij proved that this result is sharp in a very strong sense. We obtain substitutes of the above results valid for the spaces Bp
(1 < p < ∞) an we give also an application of our them to questions concerning multipliers between Besov spaces.
State dependent correlations in the Vasicek default model
Authors: Metzler A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper incorporates state dependent correlations (those that vary systematically with the state of the economy) into the Vasicek default model. Other approaches to randomizing correlation in the Vasicek model have either assumed that correlation is independent of the systematic risk factor (zero state dependence) or is an explicit function of the systematic risk factor (perfect state dependence). By contrast, our approach allows for an arbitrary degree of state dependence and includes both zero and perfect state dependence as special cases. This is accomplished by expressing the factor loading as a function of an auxiliary (Gaussian) variable that is correlated with the systematic risk factor. Using Federal Reserve data on delinquency rates we use maximum likelihood to estimate the parameters of the model, and find the empirical degree of state dependence to be quite high (but generally not perfect). We also find that randomizing correlation, without allowing for state dependence, does not improve the empirical performance of the Vasicek model.
Relektüren des klassisch-islamischen Erbes für eine Gerechtigkeitsgrammatik der Gegenwart
Authors: Karoui Kaouther 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay examines Fatima Mernissi’s and Mohammed Arkoun’s strategies of rereading central texts of the classical Islamic tradition in order to develop a contemporary normative grammar of critique. Mernissi reconsiders marginalized intellectuals and theoretical schools of Islamic history and derives immanent principles of justice. From a feminist perspective, she criticizes the dominantly patriarchal interpretations of Islamic foundational texts. Taking the classical humanism of Miskawayh as a point of departure, Arkoun carves out his conception of justice. Based on both Islamic religious ethics and antique Greek philosophy, he develops a transcultural humanism. Methodologically, Arkoun suggests a deconstructive examination of the classical Islamic texts to free Islamic thought from orthodox strictures. By way of conclusion, the article suggests that Mernissi’s and Arkoun’s progressive interpretation of the classical Islamic heritage may help to overcome the narrow, identitarian understanding of Islamic thought prevalent in both Muslim and Western societies.
Streamlining possibility of transport-supply logistics when using chosen Operations Research techniques
Authors: Stopka Ondrej , Ľupták Vladimír , Stopková Mária , Jurkovič Martin , Jeřábek Karel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The subject of this article is to model and streamline processes in the area of the transport-supply logistics in a specific enterprise. The topic of the manuscript was implemented in a particular enterprise with the residence in the city of České Budějovice (South Bohemia region). The aim of the article is to step by step analyze the current state of the supply logistics of the specific subject and propose appropriate measures contributing to optimize the entire process using selected techniques of the Operations Research. By applying the methods of multi-criteria decision analysis (such as Weighted Sum Approach and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), the most attractive option is chosen; i.e. the optimal supplier for the implementation of the transport-supply process that will enhance the effectiveness of specific logistics activities in the operation being examined. The conclusion in detail discusses individual contributions in terms of the suggested ways of modeling and improving the current state with respect to supply processes in the selected enterprise.
Structural design toward functional materials by electrospinning: A review
Authors: Yang Xiuling , Wang Jingwen , Guo Hongtao , Liu Li , Xu Wenhui , Duan Gaigai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electrospinning as one of the most versatile technologies have attracted a lot of scientists’ interests in past decades due to its great diversity of fabricating nanofibers featuring high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, flexibility, structural abundance, and surface functionality. Remarkable progress has been made in terms of the versatile structures of electrospun fibers and great functionalities to enable a broad spectrum of applications. In this article, the electrospun fibers with different structures and their applications are reviewed. First, several kinds of electrospun fibers with different structures are presented. Then the applications of various structural electrospun fibers in different fields, including catalysis, drug release, batteries, and supercapacitors, are reviewed. Finally, the application prospect and main challenges of electrospun fibers are discussed. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the structural design and applications of electrospun fibers in different fields.