bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tribological behaviors of core‐shell n‐octadecane@TiO2/epoxy composites
Authors: Zhao Gengrui , Wang Honggang , Ren Junfang , Chen Shengsheng , Gao Gui , Wang Na , Yang Yawen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the n‐octadecane@TiO2 particles with core‐shell structure were successfully prepared via a sol‐gel method in an oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion. The resultant core‐shell particles were incorporated into epoxy matrix to prepare composites. Compared with pure epoxy and TiO2 doped epoxy, the incorporation of n‐octadecane@TiO2 reduced the friction coefficient (COF) and wear rate of epoxy. According to the systematical investigation of the wear tracks on three samples and scars on their friction antithesis balls, it was speculated that the antifriction effect of core‐shell additives on composites were mainly attributed to the mixture formed by the crushed n‐octadecane@TiO2. The mixture not only backfilled the tearing‐like cracks on worn face generated by fatigue wear, but also promoted the formation of transfer film.
Preparation and properties of carbon‐based epoxy nanocomposites: Dynamic mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties
Authors: Wang Rui , Xie Congzhen , Gou Bin , Xu Huasong , Luo Shoukang , Zhou Jiangang , Zeng Leilei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew types of carbon nanomaterials, such as multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), have attracted much attention in enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymers. However, due to the high electric conductivity of carbon materials, it is difficult for carbon‐based epoxy to achieve the high thermal conductivity while obtaining desired dielectric property. In this article, using GNP and MWCNT modified by titanate coupling agent (PN‐105), a novel method for highly thermally conductive, but electrically insulating epoxy nanocomposites is reported. The experimental results show that the 4% modified MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposite has presented a simple thermal conductivity network, which can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin (EP), about 6.5 times higher than pure epoxy. Co‐filled with 2% GNPs and 4% MWCNTs, the thermal conductivity of the epoxy nanocomposite is increased to 2.04 W/mK, 957% higher than pure epoxy. In addition, the dielectric constant of the composite is 9.1, which is maintained within an acceptable range. The dynamic mechanical results show that the filling of carbon materials can reduce the storage modulus and the loss factor of EP.
A comparison of first trimester prenatal screening strategies for Down Syndrome with maternal age and preferences considerations
Authors: Fujimoto Akane B. , Ayer Turgay , Caughey Aaron B. , Keskinocak Pinar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveScreening for Down Syndrome (DS) includes traditional ultrasound and serum‐based and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing. While cfDNA testing usually has superior performance, it is significantly more costly. As an alternative, a hybrid strategy combining contingent cfDNA with traditional testing is recommended when universal cfDNA screening is not feasible. This study compares the efficacy of traditional, contingent cfDNA, and universal cfDNA screening strategies at various cut‐offs based on maternal age and parents' preferences, which may improve testing outcomes and patients' satisfaction.MethodDecision trees were used to analyze a cohort of 3 855 500 pregnancies from 12 to 50 years old. The performance of the strategies was compared using the number of adverse outcomes (undetected DS live births and euploid procedure‐related losses).ResultsUniversal cfDNA results in the fewest number of adverse outcomes in every scenario. Contingent cfDNA performs better than traditional screening when the cut‐offs used to identify high‐risk cases for cfDNA testing are relatively low. These cut‐offs change depending on the maternal age and parents' preference.ConclusionMaternal age and parents' preferences should be considered when choosing cut‐offs for contingent cfDNA to remain as an effective strategy compared to traditional screening and to improve patient satisfaction.
Event‐triggered model predictive control for disturbed linear systems under two‐channel transmissions
Authors: Hu Xiaoda , Yu Hao , Hao Fei , Luo Yu 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article studies an event‐triggered model predictive control problem for constrained continuous‐time linear systems subject to bounded disturbances. Two different event‐triggered strategies are constructed in the sensor and the controller nodes for reducing the communication and computational loads, respectively. The continuous predicted control trajectory generated by the controller is applied to the plant under a sample‐and‐hold implementation. By constructing a feasible control sequence, the sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the feasibility and stability of the closed‐loop system. Furthermore, the case of multiple samples within an event‐triggered control update interval is considered. It is shown that a larger number of samples will improve the triggering performance while increasing the amount of transmission information. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Surface Charge of Supramolecular Nanosystems for In Vivo Biodistribution: A MicroSPECT/CT Imaging Study
Authors: Ding Ling , Lyu Zhenbin , Louis Beatrice , Tintaru Aura , Laurini Erik , Marson Domenico , Zhang Mengjie , Shao Wanxuan , Jiang Yifan , Bouhlel Ahlem , Balasse Laure , Garrigue Philippe , Mas Eric , Giorgio Suzanne , Iovanna Juan , Huang Yuanyu , Pricl Sabrina , Guillet Benjamin , Peng Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioimaging has revolutionized medicine by providing accurate information for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology‐based bioimaging is expected to further improve imaging sensitivity and specificity. In this context, supramolecular nanosystems based on self‐assembly of amphiphilic dendrimers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) bioimaging are developed. These dendrimers bear multiple In3+ radionuclides at their terminals as SPECT reporters. By replacing the macrocyclic 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid cage with the smaller 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid scaffold as the In3+ chelator, the corresponding dendrimer exhibits neutral In3+‐complex terminals in place of negatively charged In3+‐complex terminals. This negative‐to‐neutral surface charge alteration completely reverses the zeta‐potential of the nanosystems from negative to positive. As a consequence, the resulting SPECT nanoprobe generates a highly sought‐after biodistribution profile accompanied by a drastically reduced uptake in liver, leading to significantly improved tumor imaging. This finding contrasts with current literature reporting that positively charged nanoparticles have preferential accumulation in the liver. As such, this study provides new perspectives for improving the biodistribution of positively charged nanosystems for biomedical applications.
A framework for microservices synchronization
Authors: De Iasio Antonio , Zimeo Eugenio 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMicroservices architecture and continuous software engineering are becoming popular approaches for developing and operating software products. The enabling feature of this success is the independence of the execution environments hosting microservices: by insulating failures and versioning in specific microservices, a complex application benefits of high availability at runtime and agility at development time. However, execution independence does not mean functional independence. Microservices need to interact among them to fulfill a common goal of an application. The unavailability of a microservice may seriously impact other dependent microservices, limiting continuity. To address this new kind of problem in microservices architecture, we argue the necessity of a synchronization mechanism able to support microservices coordination according to their running states: dependent microservices should wait for unready ones to avoid useless and faulty interactions. In this article, we propose a new framework, Synchronizer, able to support synchronization among microservices by exploiting distributed registries for collecting health/state information about deployed containers and hosted microservices. It has been implemented for the OpenShift platform and validated in different use cases: for example, for coordinating applications bootstrap and for programming scripts of continuous deployment orchestrators, such as Jenkins. In both cases, Synchronizer worked as expected and showed the positive effects of synchronization, giving us a valuable feedback about the possibility of further extending its application and of integrating the feature in existing microservices frameworks (eg, services mesh).
Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme auf Stahlbauteilen mit doppelt gekrümmter Oberfläche
Authors: Häßler Dustin , Häßler Mai , Hothan Sascha , Krüger Simone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReaktive Brandschutzsysteme können die Feuerwiderstandsdauer von Stahlbauteilen signifikant erhöhen. Im Brandfall schäumt das reaktive Brandschutzsystem auf und bildet um das Stahlbauteil eine thermische Schutzschicht aus. Dadurch wird die Erwärmung des Stahls verlangsamt und der temperaturbedingte Festigkeitsverlust verzögert. Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme werden überwiegend in drei Bereichen angewendet: Hochbau, Offshore bzw. maritimer Sektor sowie Tank‐ bzw. Behälterbau. Insbesondere bei Stahltanks und ‐behältern sind häufig einfach oder auch doppelt gekrümmte Bauteiloberflächen anzutreffen. Aufgrund des meist begrenzten seitlichen Expansionsvermögens von reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen kann es bei Bauteilen mit konvexer Oberflächenkrümmung zu einer Intensivierung der Rissbildung im Schaum kommen, wodurch sich häufig die thermische Schutzwirkung verschlechtert. Da zum Thema des Einflusses der Oberflächenkrümmung auf die Leistungsfähigkeit reaktiver Brandschutzsysteme bisher kaum Untersuchungen vorliegen, wurden exemplarisch zwei Tankböden mit zwei verschiedenen Trockenschichtdicken eines reaktiven Brandschutzsystems einer Brandprüfung unterzogen. Bei gleicher Trockenschichtdicke des reaktiven Brandschutzsystems zeigten die Tankböden eine wesentlich schnellere Erwärmung als ebene Stahlplatten mit vergleichbarem Profilfaktor. Die Brandprüfungen und die Ergebnisse zum Einfluss der Oberflächenkrümmung werden im Beitrag ausführlich vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Preparation and Utilization of Jute‐Derived Carbon: A Short Review
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Shah Syed Shaheen , Kashem Abul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article summarizes the preparation and applications of carbon derived from jute sticks and fibers that are low‐cost, widely available, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Both the fibers and sticks are considered ideal candidates of carbon preparation because they are composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, and contain negligible ash content. Various carbon preparation methods including simple pyrolysis, pyrolysis with chemical and physical activations are discussed. The impacts of several parameters including types of activating agents, impregnation ratio, and temperature on their morphology, surface area, pore size, crystallinity, and surface functional groups are also emphasized. Various treatments to endow functionalization for increasing the practical applicability, such as chemical, physical, and physico‐chemical methods, are discussed. In addition, applications of jute‐derived carbon in various practical areas, including energy storage, water treatment, and sensors, are also highlighted in this report. Due to the porous fine structure and a large specific surface area, the jute‐derived carbon could be considered as a powerful candidate material for various industrial applications. Finally, possible future prospects of jute‐derived carbon for various applications are pointed out.
Freezing Technology: Control of Freezing, Thawing, and Ice Nucleation
Authors: Kilbride Peter , Meneghel Julie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFrom early dry-ice-based freezers and passive coolers, cryopreservation devices have come a long way. With increasing interest in the field of cryobiology from new scientific applications, the importance of reliable, traceable, and reproducible cold chain devices is sure to increase, ensuring more precise cryopreservation and enabling better post-thaw outcomes, both for the user and for biological samples. As with any cryopreservation process, it is important to optimize each part of the cold chain for each lab’s biological samples, cryocontainers used, and logistical restraints. In this chapter we describe how freezing technology can be used for cryopreservation of cells.
Small medial femoral condyle morphotype is associated with medial compartment degeneration and distinct morphological characteristics: a comparative pilot study
Authors: Grammens Jonas , Van Haver Annemieke , Danckaers Femke , Booth Brian , Sijbers Jan , Verdonk Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Early-onset degeneration of the knee is linked to genetics, overload, injury, and potentially, knee morphology. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the small medial femoral condyle, as a distinct knee morphotype, by means of a landmark-based three-dimensional (3D) analysis and statistical parametric mapping.

Methods
Sixteen knees with a small medial femoral condyle (SMC) were selected from a database of patients with distinct knee joint anatomy and 16 gender-matched knees were selected from a control group database. 3D models were generated from the medical imaging. After normalization for size, a set of pre-defined landmark-based parameters was analysed for the femur and tibia. Local shape differences were evaluated by matching all bone surfaces onto each other and comparing the distances to the mean control group bone shape.

Results
The small medial condyle group showed a significant association with medial compartment degeneration and had a 4% and 13% smaller medial condyle anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally, whereas the distal femur was 3% wider mediolaterally. The lateral condyle was 2% smaller anteroposteriorly and 8% wider mediolaterally. The complete tibial plateau was 3% smaller mediolaterally and the medial tibial plateau was 6% smaller.

Conclusion
A new knee morphotype demonstrated an increased risk for medial compartment degeneration and was differentiated from a healthy control group based on the following morphological characteristics: a smaller medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau, a wider lateral femoral condyle and a wider distal femur on a smaller tibial plateau. This pilot study suggests a role for the SMC knee morphotype in the multifactorial process of medial compartment degeneration.

Level of evidence
III
Abrasive fluidized bed finishing to improve the fatigue behaviour of Ti6Al4V parts fabricated by electron beam melting
Authors: Atzeni Eleonora , Rubino Gianluca , Salmi Alessandro , Trovalusci Federica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA study of the abrasive fluidized bed (AFB) finishing process was conducted to quantify the obtainable improvement of the fatigue behaviour of Ti6Al4V parts produced by electron beam melting (EBM). Axial-symmetric EBM samples were rotated at high speed inside a fluidized bed of stainless-steel media. The effects of the treatment time and the rotational speed on morphological features and fatigue life of the EBM samples were investigated. Outcomes showed that the improvement in surface properties induced by the AFB finishing process determined an increase up to 50% in fatigue life and a shift of the S-N curve.
On-line analysis and in situ pH monitoring of mixed acid fermentation by Escherichia coli using combined FTIR and Raman techniques
Authors: Metcalfe George D. , Smith Thomas W. , Hippler Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce an experimental setup allowing continuous monitoring of bacterial fermentation processes by simultaneous optical density (OD) measurements, long-path FTIR headspace monitoring of CO2, acetaldehyde and ethanol, and liquid Raman spectroscopy of acetate, formate, and phosphate anions, without sampling. We discuss which spectral features are best suited for detection, and how to obtain partial pressures and concentrations by integrations and least squares fitting of spectral features. Noise equivalent detection limits are about 2.6 mM for acetate and 3.6 mM for formate at 5 min integration time, improving to 0.75 mM for acetate and 1.0 mM for formate at 1 h integration. The analytical range extends to at least 1 M with a standard deviation of percentage error of about 8%. The measurement of the anions of the phosphate buffer allows the spectroscopic, in situ determination of the pH of the bacterial suspension via a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in the 6–8 pH range with an accuracy better than 0.1. The 4 m White cell FTIR measurements provide noise equivalent detection limits of 0.21 μbar for acetaldehyde and 0.26 μbar for ethanol in the gas phase, corresponding to 3.2 μM acetaldehyde and 22 μM ethanol in solution, using Henry’s law. The analytical dynamic range exceeds 1 mbar ethanol corresponding to 85 mM in solution. As an application example, the mixed acid fermentation of Escherichia coli is studied. The production of CO2, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acids such as formate and acetate, and the changes in pH are discussed in the context of the mixed acid fermentation pathways. Formate decomposition into CO2 and H2 is found to be governed by a zeroth-order kinetic rate law, showing that adding exogenous formate to a bioreactor with E. coli is expected to have no beneficial effect on the rate of formate decomposition and biohydrogen production.
Derandomization for Sliding Window Algorithms with Strict Correctness∗
Authors: Ganardi Moses , Hucke Danny , Lohrey Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the sliding window streaming model the goal is to compute an output value that only depends on the lastnsymbols from the data stream. Thereby, only space sublinear in the window sizenshould be used. Quite often randomization is used in order to achieve this goal. In the literature, one finds two different correctness criteria for randomized sliding window algorithms: (i) one can require that for every data stream and every time instantt, the algorithm computes a correct output value with high probability, or (ii) one can require that for every data stream the probability that the algorithm computes at every time instant a correct output value is high. Condition (ii) is stronger than (i) and is called “strict correctness” in this paper. The main result of this paper states that every strictly correct randomized sliding window algorithm can be derandomized without increasing the worst-case space consumption.
Three-dimensional orthotropic nonlinear transient moisture simulation for wood: analysis on the effect of scanning curves and nonlinearity
Authors: Florisson Sara , Vessby Johan , Mmari Winston , Ormarsson Sigurdur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces, with the development of user-subroutines in the finite-element software Abaqus FEA®, a new practical analysis tool to simulate transient nonlinear moisture transport in wood. The tool is used to revisit the calibration of moisture simulations prior to the simulation of mechanical behaviour in bending subjected to climate change. Often, this calibration does not receive sufficient attention, since the properties and mechanical behaviour are strongly moisture dependent. The calibration of the moisture transport simulation is made with the average volumetric mass data experimentally obtained on a paired specimen of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with the dimensions $$30\times 15\times 640\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$$

30
×
15
×
640

mm

3

. The data, from a 90-day period, were measured under a constant temperature of 60 °C and systematic relative humidity cycles between 40 and 80%. A practical method based on analytical expressions was used to incorporate hysteresis and scanning behaviour at the boundary surface. The simulation tool makes the single-Fickian model and Neumann boundary condition readily available and the simulations more flexible to different uses. It also allows for a smoother description of inhomogeneity of material. The analysis from the calibration showed that scanning curves associated with hysteresis cannot be neglected in the simulation. The nonlinearity of the analysis indicated that a coherent set of moisture dependent diffusion and surface emission coefficient is necessary for the correct description of moisture gradients and mass transport.
On finitary properties for fiber products of free semigroups and free monoids
Authors: Clayton Ashley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider necessary and sufficient conditions for finite generation and finite presentability for fiber products of free semigroups and free monoids. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on finite fiber quotients for a fiber product of two free monoids to be finitely generated, and show that all such fiber products are also finitely presented. By way of contrast, we show that fiber products of free semigroups over finite fiber quotients are never finitely generated. We then consider fiber products of free semigroups over infinite semigroups, and show that for such a fiber product to be finitely generated, the quotient must be infinite but finitely generated, idempotent-free, and$$\mathcal {J}$$J-trivial. Finally, we construct automata accepting the indecomposable elements of the fiber product of two free monoids/semigroups over free monoid/semigroup fibers, and give a necessary and sufficient condition for such a product to be finitely generated.
A New Treatment for Local Adiposity with Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbyl-Palmitate Solution: Clinical and Histological Study
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Sbarbati Andrea , Amore Roberto , Iorio Eugenio Luigi , Ferraro Giuseppe , Amuso Domenico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocalized adiposity (AL) is the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue, placed in definite anatomic areas, building up an alteration of the body silhouette. The aim of the present clinical and histological study is to assess the effectiveness of an injectable solution containing sodium salt of ascorbic acid 0.24% and surfactant agent at 0.020% ascorbyl-palmitate (SAP) for treating local adiposity.MethodsEighty healthy female adult patients were selected, suffering from local adiposity in the abdominal region. The patients underwent a cycle of 6 sessions, with biweekly treatments, without the addition of any active ingredient. Direct infiltration of pharmacologically active SAP solutions into the adipose tissue with a long needle, very similar to the needles used for spinal anesthesia, was performed. This procedure is quick and painless (does not require any anesthesia) with moderate infiltration speed.ResultsAll the patients treated showed good results with good satisfaction of the circumferential reductions. Before treatment: Waist (cm) 78.8 ± 10.6 and hip 93.6 ± 9.0 with WHR 0.84 ± 0.07. After treatment: Waist (cm) 70.8 ± 9.6 and hip 92.6 ± 8.0 with WHR 0.76 ± 0.06. Indeed, signs of adipocyte apoptosis were observed in subcutaneous skin after injection of SAP.ConclusionThe results showed in the present study suggest that the SAP utilized induces apoptosis of adipocytes and could be of use as a safe and effective method with which to eliminate subcutaneous abdominal fat.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authorswww.springer.com/00266.