bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placenta previa may acquire invasive nature by factors associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Soyama Hiroaki , Miyamoto Morikazu , Ishibashi Hiroki , Iwahashi Hideki , Matsuura Hiroko , Kakimoto Soichiro , Suzuki Rie , Sakamoto Takahiro , Hada Taira , Takano Masashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the differences in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐ and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐related factors among placenta previa with and without placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) (n = 69), and normal placenta (n = 51).MethodsThe women diagnosed with placenta previa with or without PAS, and normal placentas, who delivered at our institution between 2006 and 2016, were enrolled. The difference of EMT‐related factors' expression by immunochemical analysis in chorionic villi and decidual cells between the normal placenta and placenta previa with or without PAS were evaluated.ResultsIn chorionic villi of placenta previa with and without PAS, E‐cadherin expression decreased, while that of ZEB1, SNAIL2 and MMP‐9 increased than that in normal placenta. In decidual cells of placenta previa with and without PAS, expression of vimentin, ZEB1 and MMP‐9 increased than that in normal placenta. In placenta previa with and without PAS, there was strong co‐expression of ZEB1 and vimentin in chorionic villi, of ZEB1 and MMP‐2 or MMP‐9 in decidual cells, and of SNAIL2 and vimentin or MMP‐9 in both chorionic villi and decidual cell. Vimentin expression in both chorionic villi and decidual cells was higher in placenta previa with PAS (n = 18) than in placenta previa without PAS (n = 51). MMP‐2 expression in decidual cells was higher in placenta previa with PAS than in placenta previa without PAS.ConclusionThis study revealed that EMT‐ and MMP‐associated factors may be related to placenta previa with and without PAS. Furthermore, placenta previa without PAS may acquire invasive nature.
The first quantitative histomorphological analyses of bone vitality and inflammation in surgical specimens of patients with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Mamilos Andreas , Spörl Steffen , Spanier Gerrit , Ettl Tobias , Brochhausen Christoph , Klingelhöffer Christoph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to categorize the vitality and inflammation of resected bone of patients with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to correlate the grade of inflammation with the surgical success.MethodsThis prospective study includes 44 patients with stage III MRONJ. Necrotic bone was resected in a block fashioned way. After demineralization and staining, histological analyses were performed by measuring the areas of necrotic, vital, and regenerative bone. Areas of chronic and acute inflammation were categorized as non, mild, moderate, and severe and were correlated with surgical success and parameters of inflammation in blood plasma (C‐reactive protein and leukocytes).ResultsAn average area of 59.0% was necrotic in the examined specimen. Vital bone was measured with an average area of 40.9%. The stage of chronic inflammation correlated with the amount of vital bone (P < .001) and the success of surgery (P = .002). If acute inflammation was dominant, chronic inflammation areas were found less while necrotic areas were observed more (P < .001). Also, the risk of relapses, wound healing disorders, and the level of C‐reactive protein were elevated if acute inflammation was severe or moderate (P = .031). Areas of bone regeneration were seen only in 11.3% of vital bone areas and occurred independently of infection stages.ConclusionIf possible, surgery should be delayed in patients with signs of severe acute inflammation. Patients may profit from prolonged pre‐operative antibiotic therapy to reduce the level of acute inflammation.
Reducing the Risk of COVID‐19 Transmission in Dental Offices: A Review
Authors: Ashtiani Reza Eftekhar , Tehrani Shabnam , Revilla‐León Marta , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 epidemic has become a major public health challenge around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of August 2020 there are more than 833,556 dead and over 24,587,513 people infected around the world. This pandemic has adversely affected many professions around the globe, including dentistry. COVID‐19, caused by the Corona virus family, is transmitted mainly by direct contact with an infected person or through the spread of aerosol and droplets. Dentistry by nature is considered to be one of the most vulnerable professions with regards to the high risk of transmission between the dentist, dental team, and patients; therefore, a protocol for infection control and the prevention and spreading of the COVID‐19 virus in dental settings is urgently needed. This article reviews essential knowledge about this virus and its transmission and recommends preventive methods based on existing scientific research and recommendations to prevent the spread of this virus in dental offices and clinics.
Global, regional, and national endometriosis trends from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Gong Ting‐Ting , Wang Han‐Yuan , Zhao Yu‐Hong , Wu Qi‐Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus that causes pelvic pain and infertility. We used the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 to comprehensively analyze the burden of endometriosis between 1990 and 2017. DisMod‐MR 2.1 was used to estimate the incidence and prevalence in some countries/territories with sparse or absent data. Annual percent changes were calculated to quantify endometriosis burden estimate trends. Furthermore, the sociodemographic index (SDI) was used to assess the relationship between endometriosis burden estimates and development level. Between 1990 and 2017, endometriosis age‐standardized incidence and prevalence and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) decreased globally by 0.21% (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.23% to −0.20%), 0.29% (95% CI: −0.31% to −0.28%), and 0.28% (95% CI: −0.30% to −0.27%) per year, respectively. Apart from the high SDI quintiles with increasing trends of endometriosis incidence rate, prevalence rate, and YLDs, decreasing trends were observed in all SDI quintiles for all burden estimates. In conclusion, it appears that all endometriosis burden estimates have decreased globally between 1990 and 2017. However, these results are based on limited data and highlight the need for increased data collection on the incidence and prevalence of endometriosis.
Root exudate signals in plant–plant interactions
Authors: Wang Nan‐Qi , Kong Chui‐Hua , Wang Peng , Meiners Scott J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlant‐to‐plant signalling is a key mediator of interactions among plant species. Plants can perceive and respond to chemical cues emitted from their neighbours, altering survival and performance, impacting plant coexistence and community assembly. An increasing number of studies indicate root exudates as key players in plant‐to‐plant signalling. Root exudates mediate root detection and behaviour, kin recognition, flowering and production, driving inter‐ and intra‐specific facilitation in cropping systems and mixed‐species plantations. Altered interactions may be attributed to the signalling components within root exudates. Root ethylene, strigolactones, jasmonic acid, (‐)‐loliolide and allantoin are signalling chemicals that convey information on local conditions in plant–plant interactions. These root‐secreted signalling chemicals appear ubiquitous in plants and trigger a series of belowground responses inter‐ and intra‐specifically, involving molecular events in biosynthesis, secretion and action. The secretion of root signals, mainly mediated by ATP‐binding cassette transporters, is critical. Root‐secreted signalling chemicals and their molecular mechanisms are rapidly revealing a multitude of fascinating plant–plant interactions. However, many root signals, particularly species‐specific signals and their underlying mechanisms, remain to be uncovered due to methodological limitations and root‐soil interactions. A thorough understanding of root‐secreted chemical signals and their mechanisms will offer many ecological implications and potential applications for sustainable agriculture.
Spermatozoa produced during winter are superior in terms of phenotypic characteristics and oviduct explants binding ability in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Rather Haneef Ahmad , Kumaresan Arumugam , Nag Pradeep , Kumar Vimlesh , Nayak Samiksha , Batra Vipul , Ganaie Bilal Ahmad , Baithalu Rubina K. , Mohanty Tushar Kumar , Datta Tirtha Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough reduced reproductive efficiency during summer has been well documented in buffaloes, the reason for the same is yet to be understood. The present study was conducted to identify the subtle differences in sperm phenotypic characteristics (motility, membrane integrity, acrosome reaction and lipid peroxidation status), oviduct binding ability and expression of fertility‐associated genes (AK 1, ATP5D, CatSper 1, Cytochrome P450 aromatase, SPP1 and PEBP1) between winter and summer seasons in buffaloes. Cryopreserved spermatozoa from 6 Murrah buffalo bulls (3 ejaculates/bull/season) were utilized for the study. Real‐time quantitative PCR was performed for assessing the expression patterns of select fertility‐associated genes. The proportion of motile and membrane intact spermatozoa was significantly higher (p < .05) in winter as compared to summer ejaculates. The proportion of moribund and lipid peroxidized spermatozoa was significantly lower (p < .05) in winter ejaculates as compared to summer. The sperm‐oviduct binding index was significantly lower (p < .01) when spermatozoa from summer ejaculates were used as compared to winter ejaculates. The expression of fertility‐associated genes did not differ significantly between the two seasons except for PEPB1; the transcriptional abundance of PEPB1 was significantly (p < .05) lower in summer as compared to winter season. It was inferred that buffalo spermatozoa produced during winter season were superior in terms of cryotolerance, membrane and acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation status and the ability to bind with oviduct explants.
Botanical monoterpenes synergise the toxicity of azamethiphos in the vector of Chagas disease, Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Reynoso Mercedes María Noel , Seccacini Emilia Ana , Zerba Eduardo Nicolás , Alzogaray Raúl Adolfo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate what toxicological interactions occur when binary combinations of azamethiphos and botanical monoterpenes (eugenol, menthol or menthyl acetate) are applied to Triatoma infestans.MethodsThe toxicity of binary mixtures of azamethiphos and sublethal doses of a monoterpene (eugenol, menthol or menthyl acetate) was evaluated in nymphs of the first stage of T. infestans. Experiments using exposure to filter papers and topical application were carried out. Values of Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) were calculated in the first case, and values of Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) in the second.ResultsThe LC50 of azamethiphos applied on filter paper was 50.3 µg/cm2. However, when it was simultaneously applied with a sublethal concentration of monoterpene, its toxicity increased (LC50 with eugenol = 11.20 µg/cm2, LC50 with menthyl acetate = 5.30 µg/cm2, LC50 with menthol = 7.26 µg/cm2). When applied topically, the LD50 of azamethiphos was 7.85 µg/insect, but its toxicity drastically increased when it was applied together with sublethal doses of menthol (LD50 = 0.00016 µg/insect) or menthyl acetate (LD50 = 0.00051 µg/insect). The simultaneous application with eugenol did not significantly change azamethiphos toxicity (LD50 = 12.79 µg/insect).ConclusionsThe toxicity of azamethiphos in T. infestans was synergised when it was applied together with eugenol, menthol or menthyl acetate on a filter paper. However, only menthol and menthyl acetate synergysed azamethiphos when mixtures were topically applied. The drastic effects of menthol and menthyl acetate in topical application experiments should be further studied as they could be the basis for developing more efficient triatomicidal products with a lower content of conventional insecticides than those currently used for controlling T. infestans.
Hemochromatosis alters the sensitivity of red blood cells to mechanical stress
Authors: Richardson Kieran J. , McNamee Antony P. , Simmonds Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by chronic iron accumulation, leading to deleterious effects to various organ systems. A common approach to managing iron load involves large‐volume venesection. Some countries authorize HH venesections to be used in the development of transfusable blood products, although concerns remain regarding suitability. Due to the high oxidative load associated with hyperferritinemia, it has been proposed that HH blood products may be susceptible to mechanical damage. This is particularly relevant given that typical blood product destinations (eg, transfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass) expose blood to supraphysiologic levels of mechanical stress. We sought to explore the mechanical tolerance of red blood cells (RBC) derived from HH venesections to varied magnitudes and durations of sublethal shear stress.Study Design and MethodsInitially, 110 individuals with HH were recruited; to eliminate the effects of comorbidities, only those who were untreated and uncomplicated were included for comparisons with age‐matched healthy controls (Con). RBC were exposed to 25 discrete magnitudes (1‐64 Pa) and durations (1‐64 seconds) of shear stress. Cellular deformability was assessed before, and immediately after, each shear exposure.ResultsIn the absence of prior shear exposure, RBC deformability of HH was significantly decreased by 11.5%, compared with Con. For both HH and Con, supraphysiologic shear exposure significantly impaired RBC deformability, although the rate and magnitude of deterioration were elevated for HH.ConclusionGiven that blood products are commonly exposed to high‐shear environments (eg, during high‐volume transfusion), venesections from asymptomatic and untreated individuals with HH appear suboptimal for the development of therapeutic RBCs.
Differences in platelet aggregometers to study platelet function and coagulation dysregulation in xenotransplantation
Authors: Isidan Abdulkadir , Chen Angela M. , Saglam Kutay , Yilmaz Sezai , Zhang Wenjun , Li Ping , Ekser Burcin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractXenotransplantation (ie, cross‐species transplantation) using genetically engineered pig organs could be a limitless source to solve the shortage of organs and tissues worldwide. However, despite prolonged survival in preclinical pig‐to‐nonhuman primate xenotransplantation trials, interspecies coagulation dysregulation remains to be overcome in order to achieve continuous long‐term success. Different platelet aggregometry methods have been previously used to study the coagulation dysregulation with wild‐type and genetically engineered pig cells, including the impact of possible treatment options. Among these methods, while thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry measure the change in viscoelasticity, optical aggregometry measures the change in opacity. Recently, impedance aggregometry has been used to measure changes in platelet aggregation in electrical conductance, providing more information to our understanding of coagulation dysregulation in xenotransplantation compared to previous methods. The present study reviews the merits and differences of the above‐mentioned platelet aggregometers in xenotransplantation research.
Embedded Spherical Microlasers for In Vivo Diagnostic Biomechanical Performances
Authors: Manzo Maurizio , Cavazos Omar , Ramirez-Cedillo Erick , Siller Hector R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we propose to use spherical microlasers that can be attached to the surface of bones for in vivo strain monitoring applications. The sensing element is made of mixing polymers, namely, PEGDA-700 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and Thiocure TMPMP (Evan Chemetics, Teaneck, NJ) at 4:1 ratio in volume doped with rhodamine 6G (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) laser dye. Solid-state microlasers are fabricated by curing droplets from the liquid mixture using ultraviolet (UV) light. The sensing principle relies on morphology-dependent resonances; any changes in the strain of the bone causes a shift of the optical resonances, which can be monitored. The specimen is made of a simulated cortical bone fabricated with photopolymer resin via an additive manufacturing process. The light path within the resonator is found to be about perpendicular to the normal stress' direction caused by a bending moment. Therefore, the sensor measures the strain due to bending indirectly using the Poisson effect. Two experiments are conducted: 1) negative bone deflection (called loading) and 2) positive bone deflection (called unloading) for a strain range from 0 to 2.35 × 10−3 m/m. Sensitivity values are ∼19.489 and 19.660 nm/ε for loading and unloading experiments, respectively (percentage difference is less than 1%). In addition, the resolution of the sensor is 1 × 10−3 ε (m/m) and the maximum range is 11.58 × 10−3 ε (m/m). The quality factor of the microlaser is maintaining about constant (order of magnitude 104) during the experiments. This sensor can be used when bone location accessibility is problematic.
Glacier development in continental climate regions of central Asia
Authors: Batbaatar Jigjidsurengiin , Gillespie Alan R. , Koppes Michele , Clark Douglas H. , Chadwick Oliver A. , Fink David , Matmon Ari , Rupper Summer 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Glaciers in central Asia that developed under a range of climatic conditions from arid to humid provide an excellent opportunity to test glacial responses to changes in climate. To do this, we mapped and dated glacial deposits at 11 sites spread over five mountain ranges in central Asia: the Altai, Tian Shan, Altyn Tagh, Qilian Shan, and Kunlun. The glacial chronologies for these sites were determined from new 10Be and 26Al exposure ages for the mapped moraines, in addition to 10Be ages available in the literature. Paleo–equilibrium-line altitudes were estimated for past glacier extents from the dated moraines. The equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) were also estimated for existing glaciers to characterize the spatial pattern in modern climate across the study region. Differences between the modern and paleo-ELAs (ΔELAs) were used to explore the climatic reasons for variations in the glacier sensitivities and responses to past changes in climate. The results show that the glaciers in more humid regions advanced to their maximum during marine oxygen-isotope stage (MIS) 3–2 with ΔELAs of ~1100–600 m. However, glaciers in the arid interior of central Asia, in the rain shadows of the Karakorum and Pamir ranges and in the Gobi Desert ranges, reached their maximum between MIS 6 and 4, and glacier extents during the subsequent colder/drier MIS 3–2 were significantly smaller or did not extend beyond their cirques. Comparisons of our results and the sensitivity analysis of modern glaciers suggest that depression of air temperature was the primary driver of glacier advances in central Asia but that precipitation played a major role in shaping the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of glacier advances. Precipitation was especially important in hyperarid conditions. Therefore, inferences about paleoclimate parameters from past glacial extents must be made after careful consideration of the climatic setting in which the glaciers are found, as well as their sensitivity to climatic factors.
Prehospital clinical signs are a poor predictor of raised intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injury
Authors: ter Avest Ewoud , Taylor Sam , Wilson Mark , Lyon Richard L 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundFor the prehospital diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians are reliant on clinical signs such as the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), pupillary response and/or Cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these signs as indicators of a raised ICP.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients attended by a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (Air Ambulance Kent, Surrey Sussex), who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), requiring prehospital anaesthesia between 1 January 2016 and 1 January 2018. We established optimal cut-off values for clinical signs to identify patients with a raised ICP and investigated diagnostic accuracy for combinations of these values.ResultsOutcome data for 249 patients with TBI were available, of which 87 (35%) had a raised ICP. Optimal cut-off points for systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and pupil diameter to discriminate patients with a raised ICP were, respectively, >160 mm Hg,<60 bpm and >5 mm. Cushing criteria (SBP >160 mm Hg and HR <60 bpm) and pupillary response and size were complimentary in their ability to detect patients with a raised ICP. The presence of a fixed blown pupil or a Cushing’s response had a specificity of 93.2 (88.2–96.6)%, and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 5.4 (2.9–10.2), whereas sensitivity and LR− were only 36.8 (26.7–47.8)% and 0.7 (0.6–0.8), respectively, (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.65 (0.57–0.73)). Sensitivity analysis revealed that optimal cut-off values and resultant accuracy were dependent on injury pattern.ConclusionTraditional clinical signs of raised ICP may under triage patients to prehospital treatment with hyperosmolar drugs. Further research should identify more accurate clinical signs or alternative non-invasive diagnostic aids in the prehospital environment.
Prevalence of exposure to multiple occupational carcinogens among exposed workers in Australia
Authors: McKenzie Jennifer F , El-Zaemey Sonia , Carey Renee N 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWorkers can be exposed to a range of different carcinogenic agents in the workplace. However, previous studies have often focused on prevalence of exposure to a single carcinogen, resulting in substantial knowledge gaps regarding the extent of multiple exposures in the workplace. This study aims to investigate the current prevalence of occupational exposure to multiple carcinogens among exposed workers in Australia.MethodsThe data for this study come from the Australian Work Exposures Study, a nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey of Australian workers aged between 18 and 65. Information was collected about the respondents’ current employment and numerous demographic factors using a web-based application (Occupational Integrated Database Exposure Assessment System) to conduct the interview, with predefined algorithms used to automatically assign exposures to carcinogens based on the respondents’ job tasks.ResultsThe majority (81%) of exposed respondents were assessed as being probably exposed to more than one carcinogen, and 26% reported exposure to five or more carcinogens. We found that after adjusting for occupation, exposure to multiple carcinogens was more likely among male respondents, while older workers (aged between 55 and 65) were less likely to be exposed to multiple carcinogens.ConclusionsThis study provides information on the prevalence of exposure to multiple carcinogens in the general population that has not previously been reported. This information could be useful for the intervention and control of occupational exposures to the prioritised carcinogens identified in this study.