bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type I collagen facilitates safe and reliable expansion of human dental pulp stem cells in xenogeneic serum-free culture
Authors: Mochizuki Mai , Sagara Hiroshi , Nakahara Taka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a readily accessible and promising cell source for regenerative medicine. We recently reported that a xenogeneic serum-free culture medium (XFM) is preferable to fetal bovine serum-containing culture medium for ex vivo expansion of DPSCs; however, we observed that, upon reaching overconfluence, XFM cells developed a multilayered structure and frequently underwent apoptotic death, resulting in reduced cell yield. Therefore, we focused on optimization of the XFM culture system to avoid the undesirable death of DPSCs.

Methods
We selected type I collagen (COL) as the optimal coating substrate for the cultureware and compared DPSCs cultured on COL in XFM (COL-XFM cells) to the conventional XFM cultures (XFM cells).

Results
Our results demonstrated that COL coating facilitated significantly higher rates of cell isolation and growth; upon reaching overconfluence, cell survival and sustained proliferative potential resulted in two-fold yield compared to the XFM cells. Surprisingly, after subculturing the overconfluent COL-XFM cultures, the cells retained stem cell behavior including stable cell growth, multidifferentiation potential, stem cell phenotype, and chromosomal stability, which was achieved through HIF-1α-dependent production and uniform distribution of collagen type I and its interactions with integrins α2β1 and α11β1 at overconfluency. In contrast, cells undergoing apoptotic death within overconfluent XFM cultures had disorganized mitochondria with membrane depolarization.

Conclusion
The use of COL as a coating substrate promises safe and reliable handling of DPSCs in XFM culture, allowing translational stem cell medicine to achieve stable isolation, expansion, and banking of donor-derived stem cells.
The unfolded protein response is activated in the olfactory system in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Murray Helen C. , Dieriks Birger Victor , Swanson Molly E. V. , Anekal Praju Vikas , Turner Clinton , Faull Richard L. M. , Belluscio Leonardo , Koretsky Alan , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is an early and prevalent symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the olfactory bulb is a nexus of beta-amyloid plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology during early AD progression. To mitigate the accumulation of misfolded proteins, an endoplasmic reticulum stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs in the AD hippocampus. However, chronic UPR activation can lead to apoptosis and the upregulation of beta-amyloid and tau production. Therefore, UPR activation in the olfactory system could be one of the first changes in AD. In this study, we investigated whether two proteins that signal UPR activation are expressed in the olfactory system of AD cases with low or high amounts of aggregate pathology. We used immunohistochemistry to label two markers of UPR activation (p-PERK and p-eIF2α) concomitantly with neuronal markers (NeuN and PGP9.5) and pathology markers (beta-amyloid and tau) in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus in AD and normal cases. We show that UPR activation, as indicated by p-PERK and p-eIF2α expression, is significantly increased throughout the olfactory system in AD cases with low (Braak stage III-IV) and high-level (Braak stage V-VI) pathology. We further show that UPR activation occurs in the mitral cells and in the anterior olfactory nucleus of the olfactory bulb where tau and amyloid pathology is abundant. However, UPR activation is not present in neurons when they contain NFTs and only rarely occurs in neurons containing diffuse tau aggregates. We conclude that UPR activation is prevalent in all regions of the olfactory system and support previous findings suggesting that UPR activation likely precedes NFT formation. Our data indicate that chronic UPR activation in the olfactory system might contribute to the olfactory dysfunction that occurs early in the pathogenesis of AD.
Induced extracellular production of stilbenes in grapevine cell culture medium by elicitation with methyl jasmonate and stevioside
Authors: Jeong Yu Jeong , Park Su Hyun , Park Sung-Chul , Kim Soyoung , Kim Tae Hee , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Suk Weon , Ryu Young Bae , Jeong Jae Cheol , Kim Cha Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the high production of stilbenes, including resveratrol and viniferin, in grapevine (Vitis labruscanaL.) cell cultures through elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and stevioside (STE). Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MeβCD) is widely used as a solubilizer for resveratrol production. For the first time, we used STE as a solubilizer for stilbene production in plant cell cultures. MeJA was most effective elicitor in activatingVvSTSexpression and stimulating stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine cell cultures. The maximum concentration of δ-viniferin (892.2 mg/L) production with a small amount oftrans-resveratrol (12.2 mg/L) was observed in the culture medium by co-treatment of cells with MeJA and STE, whereas the highest level oftrans-resveratrol (371.9 mg/L) with a slight amount of δ-viniferin (11.5 mg/L) was accumulated in the culture medium of cells treated with MeJA and MeβCD. However, neithertrans-resveratrol nor δ-viniferin were significantly elevated within the cells by the applications. Notably, predominant production of δ-viniferin andtrans-resveratrol was observed in shake and static flask culture medium, respectively, by co-treatment of MeJA and STE. Furthermore, stilbene compounds of resveratrol, ε-viniferin, and δ-viniferin were mainly produced in a 3-L bioreactor culture following elicitation of cells with MeJA and STE. These results provide new strategies for conditional, high-level production of resveratrol and viniferin in cell cultures by utilizing the solubilizing properties of STE or MeβCD.
Pulmonary aspiration during procedural sedation for colonoscopy resulting from positional change managed without oral endotracheal intubation
Authors: Parker Jun D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary aspiration under anaesthesia is a feared complication. It is likely that the incidence of aspiration occurring during procedural sedation is underreported; although rare, fatalities do occur. The supine position increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration in gastrointestinal endoscopy during procedural sedation. Immediate oral endotracheal intubation has traditionally been the cornerstone of management for aspiration during anaesthesia; however, this may not be always beneficial when aspiration occurs during procedural sedation. To my knowledge, this is the first case report of aspiration pneumonitis resulting from surgical repositioning during colonoscopy under procedural sedation.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old female underwent elective outpatient diagnostic colonoscopy. Intravenous propofol infusion was commenced for the procedural sedation. A large amount of non-particulate vomitus was expelled from the oropharynx as the patient was repositioned from the left lateral to supine position. Oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry immediately dropped to below 90% during the event. The patient was managed successfully without oral endotracheal intubation.

Conclusions
Anaesthesiologists need to be mindful of factors that raise the risk of aspiration during procedural sedation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy poses a higher risk of aspiration than other procedures, and positional change may be a precipitant. Aspiration that occurs during procedural sedation may be more safely managed by avoiding immediate oral endotracheal intubation.
China's model to combat the COVID-19 epidemic: a public health emergency governance approach
Authors: Ning Yan , Ren Ran , Nkengurutse Gerard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of global health concern. It is a serious public health emergency for the entire world, threatening human life and public health security. To address the epidemic, it is necessary not only to take good prevention and treatment measures, but also to have effective and targeted public health emergency governance. That said, reports focusing on governance are scant. In this commentary, we summarize China’s model to combat the COVID-19 epidemic from a public health emergency governance approach. Stemmed from goals and values, a number of mechanisms are put forward, which include: a whole-of-government response and accountability, setting up a multi-sectoral cooperation platform, swiftly scaling up epidemic emergency capacity, whole-of-society actions with engagement of social organizations, and engaging citizens in the epidemic prevention and control. As the epidemic continues to evolve, other countries might learn from China to build their own, context-specific models for better outcomes.
Validation of the 3-item What Engagement Looks Like (WELL) scale in patients with diabetes
Authors: Brodney Suzanne , Valentine K. D. , Fowler Floyd J. , Barry Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients’ behaviors play a key role in chronic disease management, but how effective they are may depend on how engaged they feel. The objective was to develop a short measure of how much patients felt engaged in self-managing a chronic condition. Online test of a three-question series followed by a survey of physicians and their eligible diabetic patients. Physicians answered: 1) how well the physician thought the patient was managing his/her diabetes, and 2) how much effort the physician thought the patient was putting in. Each patient was mailed a survey that included three questions on self-management. Six hundred six patients from a national online consumer panel with diabetes or obesity, and 35 physicians from 3 primary care practices and a sample of 243 of their diabetic patients. Respondents were asked three questions about how much they thought their behavior could affect their health condition, how confident they were that they could do what was needed, and how involved they were in decisions about managing their condition. These items were summed to create a WELL score. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were used to describe item relationships. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to predict how well the physician thought the patient was managing their diabetes and patient effort.

Results
Correlations among the three patient-reported items ranged from − 0.01 to 0.45. The WELL score was correlated with an existing measure of patient activation commitment (r = .43, p < 0.001) and found to be a significant predictor of physicians’ ratings of how much effort patients devoted to condition management (b = 0.02, p = 0.001, OR = 1.02) after adjusting for confounders. The WELL score didn’t predict physicians’ ratings of how effective patients were (b = 0.003, p = .526, OR = 1.004) after their A1c score had been taken into account.

Conclusion
Patients’ WELL scores predicted physicians’ ratings of patient effort in diabetes self-management.
Toxicity of cypermethrin and enzyme inhibitor synergists in red hairy caterpillar Amsacta albistriga (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Narayanan Mathiyazhagan , Ranganathan Muthusamy , Subramanian Shivakumar Muthugounder , Kumarasamy Suresh , Kandasamy Sabariswaran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga.

Objectives
The present study was conducted to understand the toxicity of cypermethrin with and without a combination of three enzyme inhibitors (PBO, DEM, and TPP) on A. albistriga using a topical bioassay.

Methodology
The in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to understand the effect of three enzyme inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate along with six different concentration of cypermethrin on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) of A. albistriga.

Results
Bioassay shows elevated LC50 for cypermethrin (63.32 ppm) whereas in a combination of PBO cypermethrin LC50 values were reduced into 12.039 ppm followed by TPP combination as 13.234 ppm. In vitro and in vivo inhibition analysis shows AChE inhibition by PBO P < 0.01, esterase inhibition by PBO, and TPP were less; GST inhibition by DEM was observed at P < 0.001. Native PAGE results revealed that the in vitro AChE isoenzyme inhibition could be possible by PBO synergism with cypermethrin in A. albistriga.

Conclusions
The overall results conclude that the PBO and TPP enzyme inhibitors could be fine synergist molecules when it mixed with cypermethrin insecticide to control and manage the insecticide-resistant Amsacta albistriga in the field.
Survey of rumen microbiota of domestic grazing yak during different growth stages revealed novel maturation patterns of four key microbial groups and their dynamic interactions
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Mi , Ma Tao , Bi Sisi , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Ying , Huang Xiaodan , Guan Le Luo , Long Ruijun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The development and maturation of rumen microbiota across the lifetime of grazing yaks remain unexplored due to the varied lifestyles and feed types of yaks as well as the challenges of obtaining samples. In addition, the interactions among four different rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa) in the rumen of yak are not well defined. In this study, the rumen microbiota of full-grazing yaks aged 7 days to 12 years old was assessed to determine the maturation patterns of these four microbial groups and the dynamic interactions among them during different growth stages.

Results
The rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi) varied through the growth of yaks from neonatal (7 days) to adult (12 years), and the bacterial and archaeal groups were more sensitive to changes in growth stages compared to the two eukaryotic microbial groups. The age-discriminatory taxa within each microbial group were identified with the random forest model. Among them, Olsenella (bacteria), Group 10 sp., belonging to the family Methanomassiliicoccaceae (archaea), Orpinomyces (fungi), and Dasytricha (protozoa) contributed the most to discriminating the age of the rumen microbiota. Moreover, we found that the rumen archaea reached full maturation at 5 approximately years of age, and the other microbial groups matured between 5 and 8 years of age. The intra-interactions patterns and keystone species within each microbial group were identified by network analysis, and the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups changed with growth stage. Regarding the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups, taxa from bacteria and protozoa, including Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Prevotella 1, Trichostomatia, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Lachnospiraceae, were the keystone species in the network based on betweenness centrality scores.

Conclusions
This study depicted a comprehensive view of rumen microbiota changes in different growth stages of grazing yaks. The results revealed the unique microbiota maturation trajectory and the intra- and inter-interactions among bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa in the rumen of grazing yaks across the lifetime of yaks. The information obtained in this study is vital for the future development of strategies to manipulate rumen microbiota in grazing yaks for better growth and performance in the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem.
Small signal stability analysis of stand-alone microgrid with composite load
Authors: Agrawal Rahul , Changan D. D. , Bodhe Anil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrogrid concept provides suitable context for installing distributed generation resources and providing reliability and power quality for loads. During grid connected mode of microgrid, all stability issues are getting handled by main grid due to its sufficient inertia. But when islanding occurs, microgrid faces stability-related problems. This paper presents the state space model of isolated microgrid along with load dynamics. This paper investigates the effect of static load, induction motor type of dynamic load and composite load on the stability of the island microgrid. The paper also studies the effect of damping and inertia on the stability of the microgrid. The performance of the test system is evaluated using MATLAB simulation software. The present studies show that during the planning of the microgrid, effect of types of loads and load changes should be considered for stable operation of the system.
The Median Effective Dose of One Intravenous Bolus of Oxycodone for Postoperative Analgesia After Myomectomy and Hysterectomy With Local Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration: An Up–Down Dose-Finding Study
Authors: Yu Wantong , Wu Xiuying , Liu Lidan , Long Bo , Tian Yue , Ma Chenguang , Dong Yunxia 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Oxycodone has been shown to be an effective analgesic for early postoperative analgesia, especially for abdominal operations associated with severe visceral pain. However, the dose needed varies depending on the operation and application of multimodal analgesia, such as local ropivacaine wound infiltration. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the median effective dose (ED50) of oxycodone that provides analgesia for hysterectomy and myomectomy with local ropivacaine wound infiltration.

METHODS:
In this dose-finding study, the ED50 of oxycodone for postoperative analgesia was estimated separately for laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy. We used the sequential allocation designed by Dixon. Trials were conducted simultaneously in the 4 surgical type groups. A predefined dose of oxycodone was injected 30 minutes before the end of the operation with an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg. A series of trials were performed following the rule of a relative 10% increase in dose after inadequate analgesia and a relative 10% decrease in dose after adequate analgesia. The study was conducted until the collection of 7 crossover points was achieved. Local ropivacaine wound infiltration was administered during abdominal stitching. The mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were analyzed to assess the hemodynamic changes associated with oxycodone administration.

RESULTS:
A total of 113 patients were included in the estimation of ED50: 28 each in the laparoscopic hysterectomy group and transabdominal myomectomy group, 27 in the transabdominal hysterectomy group, and 30 in the laparoscopic myomectomy group. The estimated oxycodone ED50 (95% confidence interval [CI]) after laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy was 0.060 mg/kg (0.053–0.068), 0.079 mg/kg (0.072–0.086), 0.060 mg/kg (0.051–0.071), and 0.092 mg/kg (0.086–0.098), respectively, for postoperative analgesia with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. The ED50 of oxycodone was different between laparoscopic surgeries and transabdominal surgeries (P < .001). The MBP and HR before and after oxycodone injection were different, regardless of surgical type.

CONCLUSIONS:
The oxycodone ED50 for postoperative analgesia was lower for laparoscopic hysterectomy (0.060 mg/kg) and laparoscopic myomectomy (0.060 mg/kg) than for transabdominal hysterectomy (0.079 mg/kg) and transabdominal myomectomy (0.092 mg/kg) when combined with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. A single intravenous injection of oxycodone is associated with an acceptable decrease in MBP and HR within a short time.
The Origins, Evolution, and Spread of Anesthesia Monitoring Standards: From Boston to Across the World
Authors: Pandya Aniket N. , Majid Sana Z. , Desai Manisha S. 
Published: July 2020

In the mid-1980s, the anesthesia departments at hospitals affiliated with Harvard Medical School were faced with a challenge: mounting medical malpractice costs. Malpractice insurance was provided by the Controlled Risk Insurance Company (CRICO), a patient safety and medical malpractice insurance company owned by and providing service to the Harvard medical community. CRICO spearheaded an effort to reduce these costs and ultimately found a way to decrease the risks associated with anesthesia. Here, we chronicle events that led to the dramatic changes in medical practice that resulted from the activities of a small group of concerned anesthesiologists at Harvard-affiliated hospitals. We place these events in a historical perspective and explore how other specialties followed this example, and end with current strategies that minimize the risk associated with anesthesia.
We conducted interviews with principals who formulated original standards of patient monitoring. In addition, we consulted documents in the public domain and primary source material. Efforts of these pioneers resulted in the establishment of the seminal Harvard-based anesthesia monitoring standards for minimal monitoring. What followed was an unprecedented transformation of the entire field. After the implementation of these standards at Harvard-affiliated hospitals, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) adopted “Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring” for use during the administration of all anesthetics in the United States. Other nations have since adopted similar guidelines and these practices have resulted in significant improvements in patient safety. Currently, we estimate mortality due to anesthesia in healthy patients to be 1:400,000—perhaps as much as 10 times lower since the early 1980s.
What began as an attempt to lower medical malpractice costs in a group of university hospitals became a worldwide effort that resulted in improvements in patient safety. Other specialties have adopted similar measures. Currently, an attitude and appreciation of safety are exemplified by several practices that include among others—the adherence to these patient safety guidelines, simulator training, the promulgation of standards and guidelines by ASA, and the use of a safety checklist before induction of anesthesia.