bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic and Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Signaling Pathways Critical for Pancreatic Islet Maturation
Authors: Lien Yu-Chin , Won Kyoung-Jae , Simmons Rebecca A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and reduced insulin secretion play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Fetal and neonatal islets are functionally immature and have blunted glucose responsiveness and decreased insulin secretion in response to stimuli and are far more proliferative. However, the mechanisms underlying functional immaturity are not well understood. Pancreatic islets are composed of a mixture of different cell types, and the microenvironment of islets and interactions between these cell types are critical for β-cell development and maturation. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic data from intact islets isolated from fetal (embryonic day 19) and 2-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were integrated to compare their gene and protein expression profiles. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was also applied to elucidate pathways and upstream regulators modulating functional maturation of islets. By integrating transcriptome and proteomic data, 917 differentially expressed genes/proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. A total of 411 and 506 of them were upregulated and downregulated in the 2-week-old islets, respectively. IPA revealed novel critical pathways associated with functional maturation of islets, such as AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, as well as the importance of lipid homeostasis/signaling and neuronal function. Furthermore, we also identified many proteins enriched either in fetal or 2-week-old islets related to extracellular matrix and cell communication, suggesting that these pathways play critical roles in islet maturation. Our present study identified novel pathways for mature islet function in addition to confirming previously reported mechanisms, and provided new mechanistic insights for future research on diabetes prevention and treatment.
Preconception Alcohol Exposure Increases the Susceptibility to Diabetes in the Offspring
Authors: Al-Yasari Ali , Jabbar Shaima , Cabrera Miguel A , Rousseau Benedicte , Sarkar Dipak K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking alters glucose metabolism, but the inheritability of this effect of alcohol is not well understood. We used an animal model of preconception alcohol exposure in which adult female rats were given free access to 6.7% alcohol in a liquid diet and water for about 4 weeks, went without alcohol for 3 weeks, and then were bred to generate male and female offspring. Control animals were either ad lib–fed rat chow or pair-fed an isocaloric liquid diet during the time of alcohol-feeding in the experimental animals. Our results show that the female rats fed with alcohol in the liquid diet, but not with the isocaloric liquid diet, prior to conception had an altered stress gene network involving glucose metabolism in oocytes when compared with those in ad lib–fed chow diet controls. The offspring born from preconception alcohol-fed mothers showed significant hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia when they were adults. These rats also showed increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis in the pancreas, altered insulin production and actions in the liver, and a reduced number of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus. Replenishment of proopiomelanocortin neurons in these animals normalized the abnormal glucose to restore homeostasis. These data suggest that preconception alcohol exposures alter glucose homeostasis by inducing proopiomelanocortin neuronal functional abnormalities. Our findings provide a novel insight into the impact of high doses of alcohol on the female gamete that may cause inheritance of an increased susceptibility to diabetes.
Amino Acid Sensing in Metabolic Homeostasis and Health
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Guo Feifan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sensing and responding to changes in nutrient levels, including those of glucose, lipids, and amino acids, by the body is necessary for survival. Accordingly, perturbations in nutrient sensing are tightly linked with human pathologies, particularly metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other complications of metabolic syndromes. The conventional view is that amino acids are fundamental elements for protein and peptide synthesis, while recent studies have revealed that amino acids are also important bioactive molecules that play key roles in signaling pathways and metabolic regulation. Different pathways that sense intracellular and extracellular levels of amino acids are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level, and, together, these pathways maintain whole metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the studies describing how important sensing signals respond to amino acid availability and how these sensing mechanisms modulate metabolic processes, including energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism. We further discuss whether dysregulation of amino acid sensing signals can be targeted to promote metabolic disorders, and discuss how to translate these mechanisms to treat human diseases. This review will help to enhance our overall understanding of the correlation between amino acid sensing and metabolic homeostasis, which have important implications for human health.
Crystal Structures and Physical Properties of Charge-Ordered Organic Conductor β-(MTDT-TTP)2BF4
Authors: Wada Tomoya , Nikaido Shun , Yoshino Harukazu , Yamada Jun-ichi , Kodama Takeshi , Kikuchi Koichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We have prepared a new donor MTDT-TTP (bis(methylthio)dithio-tetrathia-pentalene) and obtained β-(MTDT-TTP)2BF4, which undergoes structural transition by ordering of the bis(methylthio) groups at 190 K. A crystal structure analysis indicated that the BF4 salt is in a charge-ordered (CO) state at room temperature (RT), although it shows a metallic behavior above 260 K. The CO pattern at RT has a four-molecular cycle. The BF4 salt has also the CO state below the transition temperature, but the CO pattern is changed by the structure change.
Role of Montelukast in Asthma and Allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Zuberi Faisal Faiyaz , Haroon Muhammad Amir , Haseeb Abdul , Khuhawar Shafi Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Montelukast on the symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), assess its effect on the individual quality of life (QoL), and estimate the proportion of participants having adverse effects.
Methods: This prospective, open-label study conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Ankle Saria Hospital and Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad, Karachi, from August 2018 to September 2019, included patients aged >18 years with a clinical diagnosis of Asthma, AR, or both. Patients were given a 10 mg Montelukast tablet each day and then called for follow-up in the fourth week, where the questions related to the improvement in the symptoms of asthma or AR were asked. Patients were also asked about the improvement in QoL and any adverse effects.
Results: A total of 694 patients were registered of which 138(19.8%) had AR, 294(42.4%) had asthma, while 273(39.3%) had both. Mean age was 41.1±14.63 years and 352 (50.7%) were male and 342(49.3%) were females. On a follow-up visit, there was a sufficient improvement in 351 asthmatics (63.9%), and 288 patients with AR (70.1%) overall, strong or marked improvement in the day (n=342,62.3%) and night time (n=331,60.3%) asthma symptoms. Overall improvements in QoL were very good or good in 419 patients. Montelukast was well-tolerated here with adverse effects (like abdominal discomfort, fever, fatigue, headache, rash, and upper respiratory tract symptoms) seen in 125 patients (18.01%).
Conclusion: Montelukast was very effective in improving the symptoms and QoL of the individuals suffering from asthma and/or AR.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2657
How to cite this:Zuberi FF, Haroon MA, Haseeb A, Khuhawar SM. Role of Montelukast in Asthma and Allergic rhinitis patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1517-1522. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2657
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Statistical and health economic analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial of surgical fixation with K-wires versus plaster casting in the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures: DRAFFT2
Authors: Ooms Alexander Gert , Png May Ee , Cook Jonathan A. , Dritsaki Melina , Dakin Helen A. , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: October 2020

Aims Describe a statistical and economic analysis plan for the Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial 2 (DRAFFT2) randomized controlled trial. Methods DRAFFT2 is a multicentre, parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial. It compares surgical fixation with K-wires versus plaster cast in adult patients who have sustained a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius. The primary outcome measure is the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE, a validated assessment of wrist function and pain) at 12 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes are measured at three, six, and 12 months after randomization and include the PWRE, EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS (visual analogue scale), complication rate, and cost-effectiveness of the treatment. Results This paper describes the full details of the planned methods of analysis and descriptive statistics. The DRAFFT2 study protocol has been published previously. Conclusion The planned analysis strategy described records our intent to conduct statistical and within-trial cost-utility analyses. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:245–252.
Moduli of stable sheaves supported on curves of genus three contained in a quadric surface
Authors: Maican Mario 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the moduli space of stable sheaves of Euler characteristic 1 supported on curves of arithmetic genus 3 contained in a smooth quadric surface. We show that this moduli space is rational. We compute its Betti numbers by studying the variation of the moduli spaces of α-semi-stable pairs. We classify the stable sheaves using locally free resolutions or extensions. We give a global description: the moduli space is obtained from a certain flag Hilbert scheme by performing two flips followed by a blow-down.
The Cyclicality of On-the-Job Search Effort
Authors: Ahn Hie Joo , Shao Ling 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper provides new evidence for cyclicality in the job-search effort of employed workers, on-the-job search (OJS) intensity, in the U.S. using American Time Use Survey and various cyclical indicators. We find that the probability of an employed worker to engage in OJS is statistically significantly countercyclical, while time spent on OJS of an employed job seeker is weakly countercyclical. The fear of job loss, employment uncertainty, and workers’ financial situations is crucial in the job search decision of employed individuals. The results imply that the precautionary motive might be the key driver of the countercyclicality in OJS intensity.
Evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurements on the V8 capillary electrophoresis system and comparison with the IFCC approved HPLC reference method and N-Latex immunonephelometric assay
Authors: Jacobs Leo H.J. , te Stroet Riekie M. , Demir Ayse Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements are commonly used for the identification and follow-up of individuals suspected of chronic alcohol abuse. This study describes the analytical characteristics of the CDT assay on the Helena Biosciences V8 electrophoresis analyzer and compares its diagnostic performance to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine approved high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and the N-Latex CDT immunonephelometric assay.

Methods
The analytical performance of the V8 assay, including the linearity and the imprecision, was studied at two separate locations. Method comparison analysis was performed by studying the correlation, bias and agreement between the V8, HPLC and the N-Latex assays in 231 patient samples.

Results
The total imprecision ranged between 5.1 and 24.3% and was ≤13.1% for samples with concentrations above the clinical cut-off value (≥1.62%). The method comparisons revealed excellent correlations with r2≥0.97 for all comparisons. Measurements on the V8 showed a bias of −0.83 (−22.24%) and −0.40 (−12.26%) with the HPLC and N-Latex assays, respectively. The assays showed excellent agreements (Kappa scores ≥ 0.8) in classifying subjects with elevated CDT values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curve analysis, using the HPLC classification as reference, revealed areas under the ROC-curves of 0.981 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99) and 0.996 (0.99–1.00) for the N-Latex and V8 assays, respectively.

Conclusions
CDT measurements on the V8 assay are highly correlated with both the HPLC and the N-Latex assay and show excellent agreement in classifying subjects with elevated CDT values. Overall, the V8 CDT analysis is a robust, reliable and effective method to measure CDT concentrations in serum samples.
Rotational symmetry of Weingarten spheres in homogeneous three-manifolds
Authors: Gálvez José A. , Mira Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Let M be a simply connected homogeneous three-manifold with isometry group of dimension 4, and let Σ be any compact surface of genus zero immersed in M whose mean, extrinsic and Gauss curvatures satisfy a smooth elliptic relation

Φ
⁢

(
H
,

K
e

,
K
)

=
0

{\Phi(H,K_{e},K)=0}

. In this paper we prove that Σ is a sphere of revolution, provided that the unique inextendible rotational surface S in M that satisfies this equation and touches its rotation axis orthogonally has bounded second fundamental form.
In particular, we prove that: (i) Any elliptic Weingarten sphere immersed in

ℍ
2

×
ℝ

{\mathbb{H}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}}

is a rotational sphere. (ii) Any sphere of constant positive extrinsic curvature immersed in M is a rotational sphere. (iii) Any immersed sphere in M that satisfies an elliptic Weingarten equation

H
=

ϕ
⁢

(

H
2

-

K
e

)

≥
a
>
0

{H=\phi(H^{2}-K_{e})\geq a>0}

with ϕ bounded, is a rotational sphere. As a very particular case of this last result, we recover the Abresch–Rosenberg classification of constant mean curvature spheres in M.
“We need to become ‘educational chameleons’”: from unified to multiple norms in a multilingual and international higher education context
Authors: de Saint-Georges Ingrid , Budach Gabriele , Tress Constanze 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, scholars have documented how globalisation and mobility have changed our relationship with linguistic, social and cultural norms. Yet in most educational contexts, evaluation systems still tend to support the teaching of homogeneous knowledge mastered by all, and to portray linguistic standards as key for social mobility. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with students on an international and multilingual higher education programme, this paper examines what the students claim they learn from a programme premised instead on the circulation of a multiplicity of norms, standards and practices. The interviews, conducted on the basis of a co-inquiry approach, suggest that the students learn to 1) deal productively and agentively with tensions, 2) rethink their positions and 3) open up to unexpected experiences when teachers support them in navigating multiple norms. In conclusion, the paper highlights how the research elucidates two kinds of norms at play in the programme, institutional and lived norms, and the relationship between them. It also reflects on the utility of discussing multilayered norms (Canagarajah 2006) openly in a globalised higher education context.
Glutaredoxins and iron-sulfur protein biogenesis at the interface of redox biology and iron metabolism
Authors: Mühlenhoff Ulrich , Braymer Joseph J. , Christ Stefan , Rietzschel Nicole , Uzarska Marta A. , Weiler Benjamin D. , Lill Roland 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The physiological roles of the intracellular iron and redox regulatory systems are intimately linked. Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms, yet elevated cellular iron levels are a potent generator and amplifier of reactive oxygen species and redox stress. Proteins binding iron or iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage and require protection from the cellular oxidative stress protection systems. In addition, key components of these systems, most prominently glutathione and monothiol glutaredoxins are involved in the biogenesis of cellular Fe/S proteins. In this review, we address the biochemical role of glutathione and glutaredoxins in cellular Fe/S protein assembly in eukaryotic cells. We also summarize the recent developments in the role of cytosolic glutaredoxins in iron metabolism, in particular the regulation of fungal iron homeostasis. Finally, we discuss recent insights into the interplay of the cellular thiol redox balance and oxygen with that of Fe/S protein biogenesis in eukaryotes.
Recasts versus clarification requests: The relevance of linguistic target, proficiency, and communicative ability
Authors: Mifka-Profozic Nadia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper compares the effects of recasts and clarification requests as two implicit types of corrective feedback (CF) on learning two linguistic structures denoting past aspectual distinction in French, the passé composé and the imparfait. The participants in this classroom-based study are 52 high-school learners of French FL at a pre-intermediate level of proficiency (level B1 of CEFR). A distinctive feature of this study is the use of focused, context constrained communicative tasks in both treatment and tests. The paper specifically highlights the advantages of feedback using recasts for the acquisition of morpho-syntactically complex grammatical structures such as is the French passé composé. The study points to the participants’ communicative ability as an essential aspect of language proficiency, which seems to be crucial to bringing about the benefits of recasts. Oral communicative skill in a foreign language classroom is seen as a prerequisite for an appropriate interpretation and recognition of the corrective nature of recasts.
Gaussian variant of Freivalds’ algorithm for efficient and reliable matrix product verification
Authors: Ji Hao , Mascagni Michael , Li Yaohang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, we consider the general problem of checking the correctness of matrix multiplication.
Given three

n
×
n

n\times n

matrices 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶, the goal is to verify that

A
×
B

=
C

A\times B=C

without carrying out the computationally costly operations of matrix multiplication and comparing the product

A
×
B

A\times B

with 𝐶, term by term.
This is especially important when some or all of these matrices are very large, and when the computing environment is prone to soft errors.
Here we extend Freivalds’ algorithm to a Gaussian Variant of Freivalds’ Algorithm (GVFA) by projecting the product

A
×
B

A\times B

as well as 𝐶 onto a Gaussian random vector and then comparing the resulting vectors.
The computational complexity of GVFA is consistent with that of Freivalds’ algorithm, which is

O
⁢

(

n
2

)

O(n^{2})

.
However, unlike Freivalds’ algorithm, whose probability of a false positive is

2

-
k

2^{-k}

, where 𝑘 is the number of iterations, our theoretical analysis shows that, when

A
×
B

≠
C

A\times B\neq C

, GVFA produces a false positive on set of inputs of measure zero with exact arithmetic.
When we introduce round-off error and floating-point arithmetic into our analysis, we can show that the larger this error, the higher the probability that GVFA avoids false positives.
Moreover, by iterating GVFA 𝑘 times, the probability of a false positive decreases as

p
k

p^{k}

, where 𝑝 is a very small value depending on the nature of the fault on the result matrix and the arithmetic system’s floating-point precision.
Unlike deterministic algorithms, there do not exist any fault patterns that are completely undetectable with GVFA.
Thus GVFA can be used to provide efficient fault tolerance in numerical linear algebra, and it can be efficiently implemented on modern computing architectures.
In particular, GVFA can be very efficiently implemented on architectures with hardware support for fused multiply-add operations.
Enhanced harmonic generation in gases using an all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Ginsberg Jared S. , Overvig Adam C. , Jadidi M. Mehdi , Malek Stephanie C. , Patwardhan Gauri N. , Swenson Nicolas , Yu Nanfang , Gaeta Alexander L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Strong field confinement, long-lifetime resonances, and slow-light effects suggest that metasurfaces are a promising tool for nonlinear optical applications. These nanostructured devices have been utilized for relatively high efficiency solid-state high-harmonic generation platforms, four-wave mixing, and Raman scattering experiments, among others. Here, we report the first all-dielectric metasurface to enhance harmonic generation from a surrounding gas, achieving as much as a factor of 45 increase in the overall yield for Argon atoms. When compared to metal nanostructures, dielectrics are more robust against damage for high power applications such as those using atomic gases. We employ dimerized high-contrast gratings fabricated in silicon-on-insulator that support bound states in the continuum, a resonance feature accessible in broken-symmetry planar devices. Our 1D gratings maintain large mode volumes, overcoming one of the more severe limitations of earlier device designs and greatly contributing to enhanced third- and fifth-harmonic generation. The interaction lengths that can be achieved are also significantly greater than the 10’s of nm to which earlier solid-state designs were restricted. We perform finite-difference time-domain simulations to fully characterize the wavelength, linewidth, mode profile, and polarization dependence of the resonances. Our experiments confirm these predictions and are consistent with other nonlinear optical properties. The tunable wavelength dependence and quality factor control we demonstrate in these devices make them an attractive tool for the next generation of high-harmonic sources, which are anticipated to be pumped at longer wavelengths and with lower peak power, higher repetition rate lasers.
Eine psychophysiologische Lektüre der Vorreden von 1886/87. Genese und Bedeutung von „Krankheit“ und „Gesundheit“ in Nietzsches Spätphilosophie
Authors: Silenzi Marina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 1886/87 prefaces for the new editions ofThe Birth of Tragedy, the first volume ofHuman, All Too Human,Daybreak, andThe Gay Science, as well the preface for the first edition of the second volume ofHuman, All Too Human, are Nietzsche’s starting point for elaborating and developing his late conception of illness and health. To arrive at a more detailed interpretation of the health process that Nietzsche describes, it is necessary to establish an intertextual reading of the prefaces and the aphorism GS 370 from the perspective of a psychophysiological analysis. Nietzsche classifies his interpretation of illness under the term “romanticism,” which he sees embodied by the figures of Schopenhauer and Wagner and which he considers to be the most extreme case of illness – while his conception of health is classified under the term “tragic pessimism.” Nietzsche applies the meaning of romanticism and tragic pessimism until the end of his work, transforming both concepts into categories from which he defines the nature of the human being.