bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning health care systems: Highly needed but challenging
Authors: Wouters Roel H.P. , van der Graaf Rieke , Voest Emile E. , Bredenoord Annelien L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLearning health care systems (LHSs) have the potential to transform health care. However, this transformation process faces significant challenges.Materials and methodsBased on proposals and early examples of LHSs in the literature and conceptual analysis of the LHS mission, we provide four models with distinct organizational and ethical implications that may facilitate the transformation.ResultsAn LHS could be developed in the following ways: by taking away practical impediments that prevent patients and professionals from engaging in scientific research (model 1: optimization LHS); by routinely analyzing observational data from electronic health records and other sources (model 2: comprehensive data LHS); by making clinical decisions based on the outcomes of the aforementioned data analyses and directly evaluating the outcomes in order to continuously improve decision‐making (model 3: real‐time LHS); or by embedding clinical trials into routine care delivery (model 4: full LHS).ConclusionsEach model has different ethical implications for consent and oversight. Also, the four‐model approach shows that reorganizing a health care center into an LHS is not an all‐or‐nothing decision. Rather, it is a choice from a menu of possibilities. Instead of discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the LHS menu in its entirety, the medical community should focus on the designs and ethical aspects of each of the separate options.
Corrosion behavior of austenitic 304L and 316LN stainless steel clad reinforcing bars in cracked concrete
Authors: Ogunsanya Ibrahim G. , Strong Victoria , Hansson Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA study has been conducted on the chloride‐induced corrosion behavior of 304L and 316LN stainless steel clad reinforcing bars (rebar) in concrete and in synthetic concrete pore solution. Metallographic examination of the as‐received clad bars confirmed a strong metallurgical bond at the core/clad interface and some grain growth interdiffusion of species at the interface. Both bars showed a wide variation in coating thickness around the rebar circumference, from a minimum of 0.32 and 0.60 mm to a maximum of 1.4 and 2.8 mm in the 304L clad and 316LN clad, respectively. The electrochemical results and visual examination after autopsy showed that active corrosion was yet initiated on either the solid and clad stainless steel or carbon steel rebar in the sound noncracked concrete specimens. In contrast, corrosion had initiated in the bars embedded in cracked concrete at the base of the crack and extended along or around the bars. In the concrete and synthetic pore solution tests, the current densities of both solid and clad stainless steel rebar exposed to ∼21% chloride brine solution for days between 400 and 1,500 were similar. This was also the case for current densities of the straight and bent stainless steel bars tested in the synthetic pore solution test.
Corrosion behavior of 2205 stainless steel in simulated flue gas condensate with different chloride concentrations in a waste incineration power plant
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Ge Honghua , Sheng Kun , Xie Siyu , Yao Jiahui , Ge Fang , Zhao Yuzeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effect of Cl− on the initial corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel (2205 DSS) in simulated flue gas condensate from a waste incineration power plant was investigated using Mott–Schottky plot, micro‐area electrochemical methods, and microscopic surface morphology observation. The results show that at 150°C, the carrier concentration of the 2205 DSS passive film was maintained at a small value and changed little when the Cl− concentration is less than 25 g/L, indicating that it has good pitting resistance. When the Cl− concentration reaches 30 g/L and above, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases remarkably, and pitting corrosion appears on the 2205 DSS surface. At 180°C, there is no obvious pitting on the surface when the Cl− concentration is not more than 15 g/L. When the Cl− concentration is 20 g/L or above, the carrier concentration of the passive film significantly increases, and pitting corrosion appears on the surface. When the Cl− concentration reaches 30 g/L, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases sharply. The passive film on a 2205 DSS surface is seriously damaged and accompanied by the occurrence of uniform corrosion.
A Dual Stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Gel Provides Insulin Hydrolysis Protection and Redox‐Controlled Release of Actives
Authors: Navarro‐Barreda Diego , Angulo‐Pachón César A. , Bedrina Begoña , Galindo Francisco , Miravet Juan F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo supramolecular hydrogelators containing a central disulfide moiety and terminal carboxylic acid groups are studied. On the one hand, the hydrogels are responsive to a reductive environment, which transforms the disulfide unit to the corresponding thiols. On the other hand, the hydrogels show pH response associated with the presence of carboxylic acid units. Gels are formed at pH below ≈4 while at higher pH values, ionization of the gelators provokes gel disassembly. The properties of the gel are exploited for the release, as a proof of concept, of Bromophenol Blue in the presence of the reducing species tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride. Additionally, insulin is loaded into the hydrogels and protected from hydrolysis with simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin. Quantitative release of unaltered insulin, checked with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay colorimetric assay, is observed upon treatment with pH 7.4 buffer. This behavior would permit the use of the new hydrogels for oral insulin delivery.
CLU rs11136000 Promotes Early Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sampedro Frederic , Marín‐Lahoz Juan , Martínez‐Horta Saul , Pérez‐González Rocío , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe C allele of the rs11136000 genetic variant of the clusterin gene has been associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, a comprehensive characterization of the role of this genetic variant in early cognitive deterioration in PD is lacking.MethodsUsing the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, we compared baseline and 5‐year cognitive performance between high‐risk and low‐risk clusterin genotypes.ResultsAt baseline, recently diagnosed and drug‐naive de novo PD patients with the high‐risk clusterin genotype showed lower cognitive scores in memory and executive function tests. These differences were even higher at the 5‐year follow‐up, when they showed a higher prevalence of clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment or dementia. They also showed cortical thinning at baseline and increased annual thinning in frontal and posterior cortical regions.DiscussionOur results provide evidence of this clusterin genotype promoting early cognitive deterioration in PD, but further research is needed to delineate the specific neurodegenerative pathways underlying this clinical association. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Impairs Motivation: Implication for Apathy in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Vachez Yvan , Carcenac Carole , Magnard Robin , Kerkerian‐Le Goff Lydia , Salin Pascal , Savasta Marc , Carnicella Sebastien , Boulet Sabrina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundApathy is one of the most disabling neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and has a higher prevalence in patients under subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Indeed, despite its effectiveness for alleviating PD motor symptoms, its neuropsychiatric repercussions have not yet been fully uncovered. Because it can be alleviated by dopaminergic therapies, especially D2 and D3 dopaminergic receptor agonists, the commonest explanation proposed for apathy after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is a too‐strong reduction in dopaminergic treatments. The objective of this study was to determine whether subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation can induce apathetic behaviors, which remains an important matter of concern. We aimed to unambiguously address this question of the motivational effects of chronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.MethodsWe longitudinally assessed the motivational effects of chronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation by using innovative wireless microstimulators, allowing continuous stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in freely moving rats and a pharmacological therapeutic approach.ResultsWe showed for the first time that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces a motivational deficit in naive rats and intensifies those existing in a rodent model of PD neuropsychiatric symptoms. As reported from clinical studies, this loss of motivation was fully reversed by chronic treatment with pramipexole, a D2 and D3 dopaminergic receptor agonist.ConclusionsTaken together, these data provide experimental evidence that chronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation by itself can induce loss of motivation, reminiscent of apathy, independently of the dopaminergic neurodegenerative process or reduction in dopamine replacement therapy, presumably reflecting a dopaminergic‐driven deficit. Therefore, our data help to clarify and reconcile conflicting clinical observations by highlighting some of the mechanisms of the neuropsychiatric side effects induced by chronic subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Artemisinin‐derived antimalarial endoperoxides from bench‐side to bed‐side: Chronological advancements and future challenges
Authors: Tiwari Mohit K. , Chaudhary Sandeep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to WHO World Malaria Report (2018), nearly 219 million new cases of malaria occurred and a total no. of 435 000 people died in 2017 due to this infectious disease. This is due to the rapid spread of parasite‐resistant strains. Artemisinin (ART), a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua, has been recognized as a novel class of antimalarial drugs. The 2015 “Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine” was given to Prof Dr Tu Youyou for the discovery of ART. Hence, ART is termed as “Nobel medicine.” The present review article accommodates insights from the chronological advancements and direct statistics witnessed during the past 48 years (1971‐2019) in the medicinal chemistry of ART‐derived antimalarial endoperoxides, and their clinical utility in malaria chemotherapy and drug discovery.
Atypical Rett syndrome in a girl with mosaic triple X and MECP2 variant
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Takeguchi Ryo , Kuroda Mami , Tanaka Ryosuke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls, resulting from a loss‐of‐function variant in X‐linked MECP2. Here, we report a rare case of a girl with RTT with an X chromosome mosaic karyotype (46,XX/47,XXX).MethodsFluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out to confirm the mosaic karyotype. Sanger sequencing was carried out to genetically diagnose RTT. Furthermore, we assessed the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern. MECP2 expression levels were examined via RT‐PCR.ResultsThe patient presented with preserved speech variant, the milder form of RTT. Genetic examination revealed a de novo, heterozygous, truncating variant of MECP2. FISH revealed mosaicism in the 47,XXX karyotype in 6% of her cells. The XCI assay revealed unbalanced inactivation with skewing in favor of the paternal X chromosome. MECP2 was downregulated to only 84% of the control, indicating that the patient's variant was probably of paternal origin. Unbalanced XCI in this patient might have contributed to the alleviation of the phenotype. However, her supernumerary X chromosome was derived from maternal X chromosome harboring the wild‐type allele and might have had no preferential effect on her RTT‐related phenotype.ConclusionThe present results indicate that phenotypic effects of X chromosome aneuploidy depend on the nature of the supernumerary X chromosome, the pattern of mosaicism, and XCI status.
An Electronic‐structure Informatics Study on the Toxicity of Alkylphenols toTetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Sugimoto Manabu , Manggara Algafari Bakti , Yoshida Kazuki , Inoue Takafumi , Ideo Toshihiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlkylphenols (APs) dissolved in water are known to be toxic to animals including humans. In this study, regression models describing the toxicity of the 33 AP molecules were investigated for reproducing and thereby making it possible to predict a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR). For this purpose, we tried to derive regression models for the experimentalIGC50(growth inhibition concentration at 50 %) toTetrahymena pyriformisby using various descriptor sets consisting of electronic and shape descriptors. By applying the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, it was successful to derive a quantitative regression model for theIGC50values. In this analysis, the size parameters of the molecules were found important, suggesting that bulky molecules should be less toxic. We could also obtain, when the size descriptors were excluded, an MLR model indicating that the electron affinity (EA) should be important, which is consistent with the previous QSAR studies. Through the correlation analysis among the descriptors, it was shown that, in the present set of molecules, EA and a size parameter are highly correlated. Since EA was calculated to be negative, indicating that the related process would be energetically unfavourable, it was concluded that the size of the molecules should be a dominant factor determiningIGC50. This implies that a molecular recognition process would play a critical role in the mode of action for the toxicity.
Longitudinal assessment of recovery after spinal cord injury with behavioral measures and diffusion, quantitative magnetization transfer and functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wu Tung‐Lin , Byun Nellie E. , Wang Feng , Mishra Arabinda , Janve Vaibhav A. , Chen Li Min , Gore John C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) are a leading cause of disability and can severely impact the quality of life. However, to date, the processes of spontaneous repair of damaged spinal cord remain incompletely understood, partly due to a lack of appropriate longitudinal tracking methods. Noninvasive, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides potential biomarkers for the comprehensive evaluation of spontaneous repair after SCI. In this study in rats, a clinically relevant contusion injury was introduced at the lumbar level that impairs both hindlimb motor and sensory functions. Quantitative MRI measurements were acquired at baseline and serially post‐SCI for up to 2 wk. The progressions of injury and spontaneous recovery in both white and gray matter were tracked longitudinally using pool‐size ratio (PSR) measurements derived from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) methods, measurements of water diffusion parameters using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and intrasegment functional connectivity derived from resting state functional MRI. Changes in these quantitative imaging measurements were correlated with behavioral readouts. We found (a) a progressive decrease in PSR values within 2 wk post‐SCI, indicating a progressive demyelination at the center of the injury that was validated with histological staining, (b) PSR correlated closely with fractional anisotropy and transverse relaxation of free water, but did not show significant correlations with behavioral recovery, and (c) preliminary evidence that SCI induced a decrease in functional connectivity between dorsal horns below the injury site at 24 h. Findings from this study not only confirm the value of qMT and DTI methods for assessing the myelination state of injured spinal cord but indicate that they may also have further implications on whether therapies targeted towards remyelination may be appropriate. Additionally, a better understanding of changes after SCI provides valuable information to guide and assess interventions.
Pediatric oncology provider perspectives and practices: Supporting patients and families in schooling after cancer diagnosis
Authors: Ruble Kathy , Paré‐Blagoev Juliana , Cooper Stacy , Jacobson Lisa A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCognitive limitations are common after childhood cancer and require assessment and support in the medical and school setting. Pediatric oncology providers are tasked with educating families about the side effects of disease/treatment, and supporting families as they navigate the associated challenges. Despite this important role, little is known about the training, practice, and knowledge of providers in the domain of cognitive/school impacts.MethodsAn online survey was emailed to Children's Oncology Group (COG) member physicians in the United States. The survey consisted of 42 questions about training and practice, and 4 knowledge questions about neurocognitive impacts and school supports.ResultsSurveys were completed by 282 physicians representing 64% of COG institutions and a diverse group of experience and institution size. The pediatric oncologist was reported most frequently (93%) as the person at their institution to provide information to families on this topic, yet 54% reported receiving no specific training in this area and the majority (66%) reported to only “somewhat” understand the issues pediatric oncology patients face when returning to school. A minority reported available institutional guidelines (42%) or screening tools (19%) to assist in making referrals or assessments. Knowledge questions concerning health conditions qualifying children for school supports received the fewest correct answers. The majority (77%) thought more training would be helpful.ConclusionsAdditional training about cognitive impacts and schooling challenges associated with childhood cancer is needed to prepare providers to support parents/children. In addition, establishing policy guidelines and screening procedures may help support providers in providing care.
Effects of carbon nanotubes and interphase properties on the interfacial conductivity and electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLc is the minimum length of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) required for efficient transfer of filler conductivity to polymer matrix in polymer CNT nanocomposites (PCNTs). In this work, Lc is correlated with the dimensions of the CNTs and the interphase thickness. Subsequently, the interfacial conductivity as well as the effective length and concentration of CNTs are expressed by CNT and interphase properties. Moreover, a simple model for the tunneling conductivity of PCNTs is developed with these effective terms. The impacts of all parameters on Lc, the interfacial conductivity, the fraction of CNTs in the networks and the conductivity of the PCNT are explained and justified. In addition, the predictions of the percolation threshold and conductivity are compared with the experimental results of several samples. The desirable values of interfacial conductivity are achieved by thin, short and super‐conductive CNTs, high waviness and a thick interphase. However, thin and long CNTs, low waviness, a thick interphase, poor tunneling resistivity due to the polymer matrix and a short tunneling distance advantageously affect the conductivity of PCNTs, because they produce large conductive networks. The predictions also show good agreement with the experimental measurements of percolation threshold and conductivity, which confirms the developed equations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Confined crystallization, melting behavior and morphology in PEG‐b‐PLA diblock copolymers: Amorphous versus crystalline PLA
Authors: Bao Jianna , Dong Xiaolei , Chen Shichang , Lu Wangyang , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn diblock copolymers, the constraining effects of different stereochemical structure of high‐Tm block on crystallization and melting behaviors of other constituent are supposed to be different. In this work, PEG‐b‐PDLLA and PEG‐b‐PLLA were synthesized, and crystallization kinetics, crystalline structure, melting behaviors of PEG blocks and morphology development in these systems were evaluated. Compared to those connected to PLLA, PEG‐b‐PDLLA exhibited lower crystallization rates, implying that connectivity of amorphous chain exerted more pronounced effect on crystallization rate of PEG than that of steric hindrance of PLLA crystallites. While all PEG‐b‐PDLLA samples showed a single endothermic peak during heating process, multiple melting peaks were observed in PEG‐b‐PLLA associated with composition, crystallization temperature and cooling rate of PLLA. A lamellar structure was formed by the crystallization of PEG in all PEG‐b‐PDLLA, however, when PEG‐b‐PLLA crystallized at room temperature directly, unexpected results occurred: lamellar for diblock copolymers with 31.5 and 48.0 wt% PLA or cylindrical structure for the diblock copolymers with 56.1 and 63.8 wt% PLA. Depending on composition, PEG‐b‐PLLA created one or two types of lamellar stacks after sequential crystallization of PLLA and PEG. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 455–465
Role of the surface chemistry of plasma polymer layers on their long‐term antifogging behavior
Authors: Tran Thanh Hien , Debarnot Dominique , Ortiz José , Poncin‐Epaillard Fabienne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe long‐term antifogging capability of plasma coatings obtained from a hydrophilic precursor, such as 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate or acrylic acid, and a hydrophobic monomer, 1H,1H,2H‐perfluoro‐1‐decene (HDFD), deposited on polycarbonate is studied for two different agings. These films, when freshly prepared, show simultaneous hydrophilicity/oleophobicity for HDFD concentrations <50%. They fulfill antifogging criteria: low water contact angle (<20°), high hexadecane contact angle around 70° and preservation of optical transparency after water vapor contact. Depending on their chemical structure, only p‐AA‐co‐HDFD with 20–40% of HDFD retain their antifogging properties after thermal aging, while all of them are altered when dipped in hot water. p‐AA‐co‐HDFD is more efficient than p‐DAME‐co‐HDFD in reducing airborne contamination and improving long‐term antifogging performance.
Comparative evaluation of the virucidal effect of remote and direct cold air plasmas with UV‐C
Authors: Moldgy Ankit , Aboubakr Hamada , Nayak Gaurav , Goyal Sagar , Bruggeman Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCold atmospheric pressure plasma is an emerging nonthermal processing technology for the decontamination of foodborne pathogens. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the energy efficiency of the decontamination by three different dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) setups operating in air against Feline calicivirus with a UV‐C lamp. Significant enhancement of the energy efficiency was achieved with a lab‐scale batch reactor prototype, which employed surface DBD, leading to similar energy per unit area requirements as that for UV‐C. A key advantage of plasma over UV‐based disinfection systems is that plasmas are not limited by shadowing effects. Nonetheless, unlike UV‐C, the virucidal efficacy of plasma is significantly reduced for dry samples and remote plasma treatment is only effective against wet samples.