bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Vertebral Body Growth Modulation
Authors: Cobetto Nikita , Aubin Carl-Eric , Parent Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Study Design.
Numerical planning and simulation of immediate and after 2 years growth modulation effects of anterior vertebral body growth modulation (AVBGM).

Objective.
The objective was to evaluate the planning tool predictive capability for immediate, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative correction and biomechanical effect on growth modulation over time.

Summary of Background Data.
AVBGM is used to treat pediatric scoliotic patients with remaining growth potential. A planning tool based on a finite element model (FEM) of pediatric scoliosis integrating growth was previously developed to simulate AVBGM installation and growth modulation effect.

Methods.
Forty-five patients to be instrumented with AVBGM were recruited. A patient-specific FEM was preoperatively generated using a 3D reconstruction obtained from biplanar radiographs. The FEM was used to assess different instrumentation configurations. The strategy offering the optimal 2-year postoperative correction was selected for surgery. Simulated 3D correction indices, as well as stresses applied on vertebral epiphyseal growth plates, intervertebral discs, and instrumentation, were computed.

Results.
On average, six configurations per case were tested. Immediate, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative 3D correction indices were predicted within 4° of that of actual results in coronal plane, whereas it was <0.8 cm (±2%) for spinal height. Immediate postoperative correction was of 40%, whereas an additional correction of respectively 13% and 3% occurred at 1- and 2 year postoperative. The convex/concave side computed forces difference at the apical level following AVBGM installation was decreased by 39% on growth plates and 46% on intervertebral discs.

Conclusion.
This study demonstrates the FEM clinical usefulness to rationalize surgical planning by providing clinically relevant correction predictions. The AVBGM biomechanical effect on growth modulation over time seemed to be maximized during the first year following the installation.

Level of Evidence: 3
Impact of High-intensity Zones on Their Corresponding Lumbar Spine Segments
Authors: Chen Xiao , Tamai Koji , Yang Jui-Jung , Shah Ishan D. , Paholpak Permsak , Wang Jeffrey C. , Buser Zorica 
Published: April 2020

Study Design:
Retrospective radiographic study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare disks with and without high-intensity zones (HIZ) to understand the impact of an HIZ on the stability of corresponding lumbar spinal segments.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies have established a relationship between back pain and the presence of HIZ on T2-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging. These previous studies, however, used either plain radiographs or static (neutral position) magnetic resonance imaging to assess their chosen variables.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 140 consecutive patients with MR images taken in weight-bearing neutral, flexion, and extension positions. We separated segments into those with HIZ and without HIZ and assessed the grade of disk degeneration for each segment. Subsequently, a matched control group was selected from the segments without HIZ. Multiple factors were compared in a univariate analysis. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between angular range of motion (ROM) >10 degrees and translational motion >2 mm with multiple independent variables.

Results:
Upon assessment of the 700 lumbar segments, 70 (10%) segments had an HIZ and 68 patients had a single HIZ. On univariate analysis, the presence of an HIZ was not found to be significantly associated with degree of fatty muscle degeneration (P=0.969), muscle volume (P=0.646), degree of facet joint osteoarthritis (P=0.706), intervertebral disk height (P=0.077), Modic change (P=0.951), lower endplate shape (P=0.702), upper endplate shape (P=0.655), or degree of disk degeneration (P=0.607). Multifactorial analysis showed that none of the independent variables significantly correlated with angular ROM >10 degrees. For translational motion, the only significant correlation was the Goutallier classification (P=0.017).

Conclusions:
The presence of HIZ did not significantly affect spinal stability as measured by angular ROM and translational motion and was not associated with significant changes in several quantitative measurements of spine pathology.
Conjunctival Epithelial Ingrowth After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Hata-Mizuno Miki , Ingaki Emi , Mitamura Hiroto , Uchino Yuichi , Tsubota Kazuo , Shimmura Shigeto 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To report a case of conjunctival epithelial ingrowth after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods:
A 57-year-old woman with herpetic corneal keratitis, endotheliitis, and bullous keratopathy underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and secondary cataract surgery. One month after cataract surgery, an epithelial ingrowth was observed at the 5 o'clock donor host junction. Ingrowth extended into the anterior chamber and along the iris surface by 9 months. Another PKP was performed, and the excised graft was submitted for histopathology.

Results:
The graft showed CK13-positive and CK3-negative cells lining the endothelial surface, indicating the conjunctival origin of ingrown epithelium. Ten months postoperatively, no recurrence of ingrowth was observed.

Conclusions:
We experienced a rare case of conjunctival epithelial ingrowth after penetrating keratoplasty. There was no recurrence of the ingrowth after surgical removal, and the conjunctival origin may explain the relatively benign course of the complication.
Automated quantification of tissue red blood cell perfusion as a new resuscitation target
Authors: Hilty Matthias P. , Ince Can 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Identification of insufficient tissue perfusion is fundamental to recognizing circulatory shock in critically ill patients, and the primary target to restore adequate oxygen delivery. However, the concept of tissue perfusion remains ill-defined and out-of-reach for clinicians as point-of-care resuscitation target. Even though handheld vital microscopy (HVM) provides the technical prerequisites to collect information on tissue perfusion in the sublingual microcirculation, challenges in image analysis prevent quantification of tissue perfusion and manual analysis steps prohibit point-of-care application. The present review aims to discuss recent advances in algorithm-based HVM analysis and the physiological basis of tissue perfusion-based resuscitation parameters.

Recent findings
Advanced computer vision algorithm such as MicroTools independently quantify microcirculatory diffusion and convection capacity by HVM and provide direct insight into tissue perfusion, leading to our formulation a functional parameter, tissue red blood cell (RBC) perfusion (tRBCp). Its definition is discussed in terms of the physiology of oxygen transport to the tissue and its expected effect as a point-of-care resuscitation target. Further refinements to microcirculatory monitoring include multiwavelength HVM techniques and maximal recruitable microcirculatory diffusion and convection capacity.

Summary

tRBCp as measured using algorithm-based HVM analysis with an automated software called MicroTools, represents a promising candidate to assess microcirculatory delivery of oxygen for microcirculation-based resuscitation in critically ill patients at the point-of-care.
Up-front Treatment With Romiplostim in Children With Acquired Bone Marrow Failure: A Single Institutional Pediatric Case Series
Authors: Al-Huniti Ahmad , Rathi Nityam , Modi Arun , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Mitten Roxane , Sharathkumar Anjali A. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are emerging as a therapeutic option for patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We report our experience of treating children with AA/MDS with romiplostim, thrombopoietin receptor agonist.

Observations:
Three children (AA, 2; MDS, 1) received romiplostim treatment at a median dose of 10 μg/kg/week (starting dose: 5 μg/kg/wk; 2.5 μg/kg/wk increment). Trilineage hematopoietic recovery occurred at a median of 13 weeks (range: 13 to 16 wk) without adverse events. Hematopoiesis continued to improve after therapy discontinuation (median follow-up: 2.8 y; range: 0.5 to 3.0).

Conclusion:
Our experience supports the short-term safety and efficacy of romiplostim in children with AA/MDS.
Prediction of Pediatric Critical Care Resource Utilization for Disaster Triage*
Authors: Killien Elizabeth Y. , Mills Brianna , Errett Nicole A. , Sakata Vicki , Vavilala Monica S. , Rivara Frederick P. , Kissoon Niranjan , King Mary A. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
Pediatric protocols to guide allocation of limited resources during a disaster lack data to validate their use. The 2011 Pediatric Emergency Mass Critical Care Task Force recommended that expected duration of critical care be incorporated into resource allocation algorithms. We aimed to determine whether currently available pediatric illness severity scores can predict duration of critical care resource use.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Seattle Children’s Hospital.

Patients:
PICU patients admitted 2016–2018 for greater than or equal to 12 hours (n = 3,206).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We developed logistic and linear regression models in two-thirds of the cohort to predict need for and duration of PICU resources based on Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III, Pediatric Index of Mortality-3, and serial Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 scores. We tested the predictive accuracy of the models with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (need for each resource) and R
2 (duration of use) in a validation cohort of the remaining one of three of the sample and among patients admitted during one-third of the sample and among patients admitted during surges of respiratory illness. Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score calculated 12 hours postadmission had higher predictive accuracy than either Pediatric Risk of Mortality or Pediatric Index of Mortality scores. Models incorporating 12-hour Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, age, Pediatric Overall Performance Category, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category, chronic mechanical ventilation, and postoperative status had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.8831 for need for any PICU resource (positive predictive value 80.2%, negative predictive value 85.9%) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.9157 for mechanical ventilation (positive predictive value 85.7%, negative predictive value 89.2%) within 7 days of admission. Models accurately predicted greater than or equal to 24 hours of any resource use for 78.9% of patients and greater than or equal to 24 hours of ventilation for 83.1%. Model fit and accuracy improved for prediction of resource use within 3 days of admission, and was lower for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, vasoactive infusions, continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and length of stay.

Conclusions:
A model incorporating 12-hour Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score performed well in estimating how long patients may require PICU resources, especially mechanical ventilation. A pediatric disaster triage algorithm that includes both likelihood for survival and for requiring critical care resources could minimize subjectivity in resource allocation decision-making.
Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of Uterine Cervical Carcinoma: Correlation With Histopathologic Findings
Authors: Yamada Ichiro , Oshima Noriko , Wakabayashi Akira , Miyasaka Naoyuki , Wakana Kimio , Saida Yukihisa , Tateishi Ukihide , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe authors investigated the usefulness of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluating tumor invasion depth, histologic grade, and lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical carcinoma (CC). Fifteen consecutive patients with histologically confirmed CC underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging and DTI. The CCs were clearly depicted as hypointense areas on all DTI maps. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and axial diffusivity showed significantly inverse correlations with CC histologic grades and were significantly different between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes.
Liquid plasma reduces waste and health care expenses compared with thawed plasma at a Level I trauma center
Authors: Smith Sawyer , Dewey Elizabeth , VanSandt Mandy , Schreiber Martin 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND
Balanced resuscitation strategies have led to increased utilization of plasma. Fresh frozen plasma that is thawed and never used is a large source of blood component wastage. Thawed plasma (TP) and can only be stored for 5 days. Liquid plasma (LP) has never been frozen and can be stored for 26 days. Due to longer storage duration, we hypothesized that using LP would result in decreased waste and cost savings compared with TP.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of all trauma patients at our Level I trauma center in the years 2015 to 2016. We compared 2015 when only TP was used to 2016 when both TP and LP were used. All plasma units ordered for trauma patients were tracked until the time of transfusion or wastage. Wastage rates were compared between years and plasma type.

RESULTS
There were 5,789 trauma patients admitted to our institution from 2015 to 2016. There were 4,107 plasma units ordered with 487 (11.9%) units wasted. During 2015, 2,021 total units of plasma were ordered with 273 (13.5%) units wasted which was a significantly higher rate than 2016 when 2,086 total units of plasma were ordered and 214 (10.3%) units were wasted (p = 0.0013). During 2016, 1,739 units of TP were ordered and 204 (11.7%) units were wasted which was significantly higher than LP wastage, 347 units ordered and 10 (2.9%) units wasted (p < 0.001). Of the 477 wasted TP units, 76.9% were ordered no more than two times before being wasted and 95.8% were ordered no more than three times before being wasted. Of the 10 LP units wasted, 40% were ordered no more than two times before being wasted, and 50% were ordered no more than three times before being wasted. If TP was wasted at the same rate as LP, 368 fewer units of plasma would have been wasted representing US $39,376 (US $107/unit) of wasted health care expenses.

CONCLUSION
At a Level I trauma center, the addition of LP to the blood bank for trauma resuscitations significantly reduced plasma wastage rates and health care expenses.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, Economic/Decision.
Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation
Authors: Lista Maria Jose , Matos Pedro M. , Maguire Thomas J. A. , Poulton Kate , Ortiz-Zapater Elena , Page Robert , Sertkaya Helin , Ortega-Prieto Ana M. , O’Byrne Aoife M. , Bouton Clement , Dickenson Ruth E , Ficarelli Mattia , Jimenez-Guardeño Jose M. , Howard Mark , Betancor Gilberto , Galao Rui Pedro , Pickering Suzanne , Signell Adrian W , Wilson Harry , Cliff Penelope , Tan Kia Ik Mark , Patel Amita , MacMahon Eithne , Cunningham Emma , Doores Katie , Agromayor Monica , Martin-Serrano Juan , Perucha Esperanza , Mischo Hannah E. , Shankar-Hari Manu , Batra Rahul , Edgeworth Jonathan , Zuckerman Mark , Malim Michael H. , Neil Stuart , Martinez-Nunez Rocio Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not have the capacity to develop these and/or perform manual processing. We provide multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit (Omega Bio-tek). We also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (FastVirus, ThermoFisher Scientific), qPCRBIO Probe 1-Step Go Lo-ROX (PCR Biosystems) and Luna® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (Luna, NEB). We used primer-probes that detect viral N (EUA CDC) and RdRP (PHE guidelines). All RNA extraction methods provided similar results. FastVirus and Luna proved most sensitive. N detection was more reliable than that of RdRP, particularly in samples with low viral titres. Importantly, we demonstrate that treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs with 70 degrees for 10 or 30 min, or 90 degrees for 10 or 30 min (both original variant and B 1.1.7) inactivates SARS-CoV-2 employing plaque assays, and that it has minimal impact on the sensitivity of the qPCR in clinical samples. These findings make SARS-CoV-2 testing portable to settings that do not have CL-3 facilities. In summary, we provide several testing pipelines that can be easily implemented in other laboratories and have made all our protocols and SOPs freely available at https://osf.io/uebvj/.
Dataset on the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Tunisia with Application to SIR Model
Authors: Lassoued Abir , Saad Afef Ben , Lassoued Hela , Ketata Raouf , Boubaker Olfa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApril 9, 2020 marks 100 days since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. In this crucial day with 1 436 198 confirmed infected cases in the world and 85 521 deaths, the Global Level of the Covid-19 pandemic was evaluated at very high according to the World Health Organization (WHO) situation report. For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness (fever and at least one symptom of respiratory disease); however, for more than 3.4% of people, it can be fatal. Older people and those with preexisting medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, or diabetes) are at risk of severe disease and mortality. The incubation period of the virus is estimated to be between 2 and 14 days, but longer incubation had been reported. Furthermore, data published by world authorities show that statistics are different for different geographical regions and depend on many social and environmental factors. The sad reality of the COVID-19 is that there are currently no medications or vaccines proven to be effective for the treatment or prevention of the disease. The pandemic spread is consequenctly followed by a worldwide panic. Facing this dramatic uncertain situation, implementing a country-wide strategy for social distancing and a general logistic policy for critical and life-saving supplies is an urgent for government and sanitary authorities. Several mathematical models have been proposed to predict epidemic spread. However, models should be adapted to specific situations in countries where geographic, societal, economic, and political strategies are different. Here, we propose the application of the well-known SIR model to the case study of Tunisia for which data are collected from three databases in order to have rapidly predict the situation. Such results can be useful in the future to design a more reliable model to help in monitoring infection control.
An alternative model to prion fragmentation based on the detailed balance between PrPScand suPrP
Authors: Chyba Monique , Kotas Jakob , Beringue Vincent , Eblen Christopher , Igel-Egalon Angelique , Kravchenko Yuliia , Rezaei Human 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPrion assemblies responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies grow in the form of linear amyloid fibrils. Traditional models for prion growth and tissue-spreading have relied upon the assumption that propagation is based on the process of fragmentation, wherein an assembly literally breaks in two, creating additional templating interfaces. Recent experimental data shows that PrPScassemblies are in detailed balance with an elementary oligomeric building block called suPrP. In the present work we compare the dynamics of the canonical model of induced-fragmentation to the model of PrPScassemblies in detailed balance with suPrP. The model is a dynamical system describing the populations of fibrils of varying lengths as a function of time; we analyze the system via both analytical and numerical techniques. We demonstrate that the detailed balance between suPrP and PrPScmodel can equivalently replace the induced-fragmentation model. This equivalence opens a new opportunity in an optimal control problem.
Lung injury in patients with or suspected COVID-19 : a comparison between lung ultrasound and chest CT-scanner severity assessments, an observational study
Authors: Benchoufi Mehdi , Bokobza Jerôme , Chauvin Anthony , Dion Elisabeth , Baranne Marie-Laure , Levan Fabien , Gautier Maxime , Cantin Delphine , d’Humières Thomas , Gil-Jardiné Cédric , Benenati Sylvain , Orbelin Mathieu , Martinez Mikaël , Pierre-Kahn Nathalie , Diallo Abdourahmane , Vicaut Eric , Bourrier Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChest CT (CT) is the reference for assessing pulmonary injury in suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 with signs of clinical severity. We explored the role of lung ultrasonography (LU) in quickly assessing lung status in these patients.MethodseChoVid is a multicentric study based on routinely collected data, conducted in 3 emergency units of Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); 107 patients were included between March 19, 2020 and April 01, 2020 and underwent LU, a short clinical assessment by 2 emergency physicians blinded to each other’s and a CT. LU consisted of scoring lesions in 8 chest zones from 0 to 3, defining a severity global score (GS) ranging from 0 to 24. CT severity score ranged from 0 to 3 according to the extent of interstitial pneumonia signs. 48 patients underwent LU by both an expert and a newly trained physician.FindingsThe GS showed good performance to predict CT severity assessment of COVID-19 as normal versus pathologic: AUC=0.93, maximal Youden index 1 with 95% sensitivity, and 83% specificity. Similar performance was found for CT assessment as normal or minimal versus moderate or severe (n=90): AUC 0.89, maximal Youden index 7 with 86% sensitivity, and 78% specificity. Good agreement was found for zone scoring assessed by new trainee (30mn theory + 30mn practice) and expert (n=14,14*8 checkpoints), weighted kappa 0.85-1; moderate agreement was found for new trainee (n=48, 30mn theory) and expert, kappa 0.62-0.81.InterpretationGS score is a simple tool to assess lung damage severity in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19. Comparing the performance of new trainees and expert physicians opens a path for adoption beyond the scope of experts. LU is a good candidate for patients triage, especially in case of CT availability issues.