bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release is the major cause of fatigue‐induced force loss in intact single fibres from human intercostal muscle
Authors: Olsson Karl , Cheng Arthur J. , Al‐Ameri Mamdoh , Wyckelsma Victoria L. , Rullman Eric , Westerblad Håkan , Lanner Johanna T. , Gustafsson Thomas , Bruton Joseph D. 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Changes in intramuscular Ca2+ handling contribute to development of fatigue and disease‐related loss of muscle mass and function. To date, no data on human intact living muscle fibres have been described.
We manually dissected intact single fibres from human intercostal muscle and simultaneously measured force and myoplasmic free [Ca2+] at physiological temperature.
Based on their fatigue resistance, two distinct groups of fibres were distinguished: fatigue sensitive and fatigue resistant. Force depression in fatigue and during recovery was due to impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in both groups of fibres.
Acidification did not affect force production in unfatigued fibres and did not affect fatigue development in fatigue‐resistant fibres.
The current study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of fatigue in human intercostal muscle.
AbstractChanges in intracellular Ca2+ handling of individual skeletal muscle fibres cause a force depression following physical activity and are also implicated in disease‐related loss of function. The relation of intracellular Ca2+ handling with muscle force production and fatigue tolerance is best studied in intact living single fibres that allow continuous measurements of force and myoplasmic free [Ca2+] during repeated contractions. To this end, manual dissections of human intercostal muscle biopsies were performed to isolate intact single fibres. Based on the ability to maintain tetanic force at >40% of the initial value during 500 fatiguing contractions, fibres were classified as either fatigue sensitive or fatigue resistant. Following fatigue all fibres demonstrated a marked reduction in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, while myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity was either unaltered or increased. In unfatigued fibres, acidosis caused a reduction in myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity that was offset by increased tetanic myoplasmic free [Ca2+] so that force remained unaffected. Acidification did not affect the fatigue tolerance of fatigue‐resistant fibres, whereas uncertainties remain whether or not fatigue‐sensitive fibres were affected. Following fatigue, a prolonged force depression at preferentially low‐frequency stimulation was evident in fatigue‐sensitive fibres and this was caused exclusively by an impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. We conclude that impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release is the predominant mechanism of force depression both in the development of, and recovery from, fatigue in human intercostal muscle.
Interaction of Impact Liquid Drop With Splat in Spray Cooling
Authors: Liang Gangtao , Yu Haibing , Chen Liuzhu , Shen Shengqiang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the interaction between an impacting liquid drop and a splat generated on a solid prior to impact, focusing mainly on the wave production and propagation on the splat with low impact velocity. Using high-speed video, the wave generation concerning the effects of Weber number is observed and analyzed, including the first wave caused by drop kinematic energy, the secondary and tertiary capillary waves subjected to surface tension. Also, the wave propagation magnitude is discussed, the purpose of which is to provide a suitable method for predicting the wave diameter. Results show that the increasing of Weber number is slightly against the wave propagation, but this effect weakens gradually. The kinematic discontinuity theory devised for crown propagation can be applied to predict the wave propagation magnitude with an excellent agreement, for both the kinematic wave and the capillary wave. In addition, the propagation speed of the wave during the drop-splat interaction is also analyzed.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe CPU Radiator
Authors: Shang Fu-Min , Yang Qing-Jing , Liu Jian-Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
According to the characteristics of heat dissipation process and the structural characteristics of traditional heat dissipation device, pulsating heat pipe (PHP) and traditional The pin-finned heat sink are used to simulate the cooling process of CPU, so as to meet the cooling requirements of computer CPU. By comparing the heat transfer perform of the two heat sinks under three conditions: the top wall temperature of the heat sink, the wall temperature of the heat sink and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of hot water, it can be found that the heat transfer performance of the PHP radiator is better. The experimental results show that in order to further improve the heat dissipation performance of the computer CPU, the CPU radiator device can be manufactured by the PHP device, and the PHP technology has broad application prospects in electronic heat dissipation.
Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Property of Knitting 3D Polyethylene: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Gao Shan , Liang Yunmin , Li Ji , Mao Peng , Liu Wei , Liu Zhichun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polymers have been widely used due to low cost, light weight, chemical inertness and easy of processing. However, bulk polymers are usually considered as thermal insulators owing to their low thermal conductivity. In this paper, the 3D polyethylene (PE) structure based on knitting method is proposed. We investigate the thermo-mechanical property of 3D PE and make a comparison with the amorphous PE. The results show that the 3D PE has a higher thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and shear modulus than amorphous PE, which provides a novel perspective on designing high thermal conductivity polymers. In the past decades, although the strain effect on the thermal conductivity of PE has been intensively studied, little research has been focused on the impact of shear. In this work, the thermal conductivity of PE under different shear strain is calculated by molecular dynamics simulation. Unexpectedly, the impact of shear on the amorphous PE and 3D PE is different. For amorphous PE, the average thermal conductivity is insensitive to the shear strain. However, the thermal conductivity of 3D PE can be slightly enhanced when the shear strain is large enough. The underlying mechanism is related to the specific morphology. Our findings can deliver new insights on designing high thermal conductive polymers.
Numerical Analysis of Parametric Effects of Tube-Strip Heat Exchanger for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Hengyun , Zhu Zhehua , Xu Shen , Deng Yuchen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are facing more severe heat dissipation challenges since the fuel cell stack is required to operate at a lower temperature and thus smaller heat exchanger temperature difference. Thorough analysis of the parametric effects is required to maximize the thermal performance. In this paper, a numerical analysis of the tube-strip heat exchanger is conducted for the targeted application in a high performance passenger FCV. The representative unit cell is used to model the detailed fluid flow and heat transfer at both hot and cold sides in the theoretical framework of volume averaging. Based on the numerical computation over the representative unit cells, the flow, temperature and pressure fields are obtained, which are then utilized to obtain the cell-level heat transfer coefficient between the hot and cold fluids. The obtained heat transfer coefficients are used for the estimation of the heat exchanger thermal performance based on the effectiveness-NTU method. Different air and liquid water flow rates are first examined. Various design parameters such as fin height, fin spacing, fin thickness and fin material are examined through the heat transfer analysis at the unit cell level. Attention is also paid on the improvement of the air-side performance by changing fin shapes to increase the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger. The result shows that the total exchanged heat of the aluminum louvered fin heat exchanger, with fin thickness of 0.06mm, fin height of 5mm and fin spacing of 1mm, can reach 59.24 kW at the liquid flowrate of 120L/min and air velocity of 5m/s.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Horizontal Nano-Structured Oscillating Heat Pipes
Authors: Hao Tingting , Yu Huiwen , Ma Xuehu , Lan Zhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Working fluid in the oscillating heat pipe (OHP) with low turn number (&lt; 9) positioned in the horizontal heat mode could not easily backflow to the evaporator due to the absence of gravity. In this paper, copper OHP with superhydrophilic nano-structured inner surface by introducing additional capillary force was investigated through the visualization and thermal experiments. OHPs with 6 turns, charged with pure water as the working fluid, were fabricated with copper, and nano-structured inner surface and tested for comparison. Contact angles of water on the copper and superhydrophilic surface were 36.7 and 0 deg. The filling ratio of water was 50%, 65%, and 80%, respectively. Startup performance, thermal resistance, and liquid slug oscillation of OHPs were investigated experimentally at the heat input of 100–380 W. Experimental results showed that OHPs with the superhydrophilic nano-structured surface showed an enhanced heat transfer performance due to the nanostructure-induced capillary action for water in the horizontal direction. The optimum filling ratio was 65% in this work. Dryout was observed in the OHPs with the filling ratio of 50% at the heat input higher than 220 W. At the filling ratio of 80%, the working fluid was accumulated in the adiabatic and condensation section, and the driving force due to the water evaporation in evaporator was not high enough to activate the movements of liquid slugs. Heat transfer performance of OHP with nano-structured surface was higher than that of bare copper surface by introducing the additional capillary force.
Atomistic Modeling of Condensation Over Nano-Structured Surface
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Nasim , Rahman Md. Hafijur , Omar Salauddin , Akhter Chandni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Present study has been performed to understand condensation characteristics of argon vapor over nano-structured surface using non equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Main focus of this study is to explore the effect of condensation surface increment due to presence of nano-structure (considering flat surface as reference), solid-liquid interfacial wettability and condensation wall temperature. The simulation domain is a horizontal cuboid system that has two platinum walls at two opposite ends, left wall as the evaporation wall and the right wall as the condensation wall. Liquid argon was placed over the evaporation wall and the rest of the domain was filled with argon vapor. Various platinum nano-structured configurations were used to vary the surface area of the condensation wall. The system is first equilibrated at 90 K for a while and the evaporation of liquid argon is achieved by increasing the evaporation wall temperature at 130 K. The condensation of argon vapor is assumed for two different condensation temperatures such as 90 K and 110 K. The results indicate that condensation improves with condensation surface increment due to presence of nano-structure. Also it shows that the effect of condensation surface increment due to presence of nano-structure is drastically reduced with increasing solid-liquid interfacial wettability. The condensation at 110 K was poor compared to condensation at 90 K. The obtained results has been presented and discussed from macroscopic approach in terms of condensation mass flux, thermodynamic heat flux and time averaged wall heat flux.
Effect Analysis of Various Gradient Particle Size Distribution on Electrical Performance of Anode-Supported SOFCs With Gradient Anode
Authors: Fu Pei , Song Yuansheng , Yang Jian , Wang Qiuwang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gradient particle size anode has shown great potential in improving the electrical performance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the present study, a 3-D comprehensive model is established to study the effect of various gradient particle size distribution on the cell electrical performance for the anode microstructure optimization. The effect of homogeneous particle size on the cell performance is studied first. The maximum current density of homogeneous anode SOFC is obtained for the comparison with the electrical performance of gradient anode SOFC. Then the effect of various gradient particle size distribution on the cell molar fraction and polarization losses distribution is analyzed and discussed in detail. Increasing the particle diameter gradient can effectively reduce the anodic concentration overpotential. Decreasing the particle diameter of AFL2 is beneficial to reducing the activation and ohmic overpotentials. On these bases, the comprehensive electrical performances of SOFCs with gradient particle size anode and homogeneous anode are compared to highlight the optimal gradient particle diameter distribution. In the studied cases of the present work, the gradient particle diameter of 0.7 μm, 0.4 μm and 0.1 μm at ASL, AFL1 and AFL2 (Case 3) is the optimal particle size distribution.
Body mass in adolescents with chronic pain: observational study
Authors: Gauntlett-Gilbert Jeremy , Bhat Chandrika , Clinch Jacqui 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveIn a paediatric chronic pain population, to determine whether higher body mass was associated with poorer functioning, mood or treatment outcome.DesignCross-sectional study with examination of treatment outcomes.SettingTertiary specialist adolescent pain rehabilitation unit.Patients355 adolescents with relatively severe non-malignant chronic pain.InterventionsIntensive 3-week pain rehabilitation programme.Main outcome measuresObjective physical measures (walk, sit-to-stand); self-reported functioning and moodResultsAverage body mass index (BMI) in the sample was relatively high (24.2 (SD 5.6)) with 20.5% being classified as obese. However, there were no relationships between body mass and objective physical measures, physical or social functioning, depression or anxiety (all p>0.05). There was a small relationship between higher body mass and greater pain-related fear (r=0.17, p<0.01). Treatment improved all variables (p<0.001) apart from pain intensity. There were no relationships between higher body mass and poorer treatment outcome; in fact, patients with higher BMI showed slightly greater decreases in depression (r=0.12, p<0.05) and pain-specific anxiety (r=0.18, p<0.01) during treatment.ConclusionsHigher body mass does not worsen functioning, mood or treatment response in adolescents with disabling chronic pain. Childhood obesity and chronic pain are both stigmatised conditions; clinicians should avoid implying that high body mass alone is a causal factor in the struggles of a young person with chronic pain.
Duality between Dirac fermions in curved spacetime and optical solitons in non-linear Schrodinger model: magic of $$1+1$$-dimensional bosonization
Authors: Ghosh Subir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBosonization in curved spacetime maps massive Thirring model (self-interacting Dirac fermions) to a generalized Sine–Gordon model, both living in $$1+1$$1+1-dimensional curved spacetime. Applying this duality we have shown that the Thirring model fermion, in non-relativistic limit, gets identified with the soliton of non-linear Scrodinger model with Kerr form of non-linearity. We discuss one particular optical soliton in the latter model and relate it with the Thirring model fermion.
A New Method of Evaluating the Symmetry of Movement Used to Assess the Gait of Patients after Unilateral Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Winiarski Slawomir , Rutkowska-Kucharska Alicja , Pozowski Andrzej , Aleksandrowicz Krzysztof 
Published: December 2019

Purpose. We propose a new concept of symmetry, the symmetry function, as a continuous function of the percentage of differences between sides of body movement and normalised throughout the whole range of motion. The method is used to assess the dynamical symmetry of gait of patients after unilateral total hip replacement (asymmetric group) and healthy people (symmetric group) and also to reveal discrepancies between normal and abnormal movement patterns. Methods. The gait of twelve male patients (49.7±2.8 y), six weeks after unilateral total hip replacement (uTHR), was analysed against the gait of thirteen healthy men (36.1±3.1 y). The speed of healthy men was matched to the speed of the patients. Comparison of the affected limb in uTHR patients with the healthy limb of able-bodied men was carried out on the basis of the highest symmetry values in the sagittal plane. Results. In uTHR patients, the symmetry function provides information on the symmetry of movements in the whole range of motion in contrast to symmetry indices which are calculated for selected parameters or peak values. Research revealed average asymmetric discrepancies for pelvic tilt up to 250% for the entire gait cycle with a peak of approx. 400% at the end of the loading response and terminal swing phases. Asymmetry of gait observed in other joints was below 200% of the mean range of motion. Conclusions. Regions of the greatest asymmetry in pathological movements are usually different from the region of the greatest range of motion. Therefore, it is insufficient to measure symmetry only for selected regions during motion. The symmetry function is a simple method which can complement other robust methods in time series data evaluation and interpretation.
ВМІСТ ІНТЕРЛЕЙКІНУ-10 У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ПРИ ОПЕРІЗУВАЛЬНОМУ ГЕРПЕСІ У ДОРОСЛИХ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ПОЛІМОРФІЗМУ ЙОГО ГЕНА
Authors: Onishchenko N. V. , Riabokon O. V. , Kamyshnyi O. M. 
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – визначити роль інтерлейкіну-10 у крові залежно від поліморфізму його гена (rs1800896) при оперізувальному герпесі у дорослих.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 50 дорослих хворих на оперізувальний герпес. Молекулярно-генетичне визначення гена ІЛ-10 (rs1800896) проводили методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції у режимі реального часу. Вміст ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові визначали імуноферментним методом.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У разі генотипу ТТ гена ІЛ-10 частіше реєструвався тяжкий перебіг оперізувального герпесу (0,933 проти 0,6, χ2=5,56, OR=9,33, 95 % CI=1.10-79.21), що характеризувався вищим (Р<0,05) вмістом ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові. Поліморфізм гена, що кодує ІЛ-10 (rs1800896), впливав на рівень підвищення цього цитокіна у сироватці крові як на етапі госпіталізації (τ=0,33, P=0,0036), так і при виписуванні зі стаціонару (τ=0,34, Р=0,0034). Генотип ТТ асоціювався з високими шансами розвитку ускладненого перебігу захворювання (0,784 проти 0,462, χ2=4,76, OR=4,23, 95 % CI=1.10-16.19), проте не впливав на спектр ускладнень (Р>0,05). За наявності ускладнень вміст ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові хворих у розпал захворювання був вищим (в 4,5 разу, Р<0,05), ніж у пацієнтів з неускладненим оперізувальним герпесом. При розвитку локалізованої форми оперізувального герпесу ураження трійчастого нерва частіше реєст­рувалося у хворих з ТТ генотипом (84,8 % проти 15,2 %, χ2=6,36, Р=0,02), проте динаміка змін вмісту ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові цих пацієнтів не залежала від локалізації уражень. Встановлено, що генотип СС гена ІЛ-10 (rs1800896) частіше виявлявся у хворих на оперізувальний герпес з рецидивним перебігом (0,75 проти 0,261, χ2=4,19, OR=8,5, 95 % CI=0,81-89,75). Вміст ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові хворих з рецидивним перебігом захворювання, на відміну від пацієнтів з первинною маніфестацією, характеризувався менш значущим його підвищенням (Р<0,05).
Висновки. Генотип ТТ гена ІЛ-10 асоціюється з високими шансами розвитку тяжкого ускладненого оперізувального герпесу у дорослих та вищим (Р<0,05) вмістом цитокіна в динаміці захворювання. Доведено вплив генетичного поліморфізму ІЛ-10 (rs1800896) на підвищення концентрації цього цитокіна на всіх етапах захворювання (Р<0,005). Генотип СС гена ІЛ-10 у дорослих хворих на оперізувальний герпес асоційований з високими шансами розвитку рецидивного перебігу захворювання (Р<0,05). Концентрація цитокіна у хворих з рецидивним перебігом оперізувального герпесу характеризується помірним його підвищенням (Р<0,05). Розвиток локалізованої форми захворювання з ураженням трійчастого нерва асоціюється з генотипом ТТ (Р<0,05). Концентрація ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові хворих з локалізованими формами оперізувального герпесу не залежить від локалізації уражень.
ВПЛИВ СТРЕПТОКОКА СЛИЗОВОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ НОСОРОТОГЛОТКИ НА ЦИТОКІНОВУ ВІДПОВІДЬ ДІТЕЙ, ХВОРИХ НА ІНФЕКЦІЙНИЙ МОНОНУКЛЕОЗ
Authors: Huz O. V. , Kuznietsov S. V. 
Published: December 2019

Мета дослідження – встановити значення наявності стрептокока на слизовій оболонці носо- та ротоглотки в реакції інтерлейкінів крові дітей, хворих на інфекційний мононуклеоз (ІМ).
Пацієнти і методи. Під спостереженням перебувало 60 дітей у віці 3-7 років, хворих на ІМ, які лікувалися в обласній дитячій інфекційній клінічній лікарні м. Харкова. Діагноз ІМ підтверджували на основі позитивних результатів пошуку маркерів захворювання методами ІФА та ПЛР. У 30 дітей (перша група) при бактеріологічному дослідженні слизової оболонки носо- та ротоглотки виділено Streptococcus pyogenes в концентраціях 10-5 і вище. Друга група (30 дітей) – на слизовій оболонці носо- і ротоглотки стрептокок не був виявлений. Імунний статус хворих оцінювався за показниками рівнів інтерлейкінів 1β, 4, фактора некрозу пухлин (ФНП). Вміст інтерлейкінів у крові хворих визначали в гострий період (1-2-а доба захворювання) і в період ранньої реконвалесценції (7-10-а доба).
Результати досліджень і висновки. Аналіз результатів обстеження встановив, що наявність у хворих стрептокока на слизовій оболонці носо- і ротоглотки в гострому періоді інфекційного мононуклеозу призводить до яскравішої реакції прозапальних інтерлейкінів їх крові і гальмування відповіді протизапального інтерлейкіну-4 (Р<0,05). Надалі відбувається повільне зниження рівнів інтерлейкіну 1, ФНП-α і гальмування наростання вмісту ІЛ-4.
A Portable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Real-Time Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang He , Wang Huagang , Hu Zhiwei , Xuan Weipeng , Dong Shurong , Luo Jikui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a reliable indicator of human physiological health, respiratory rate has been utilized in more and more cases for prediction and diagnosis of potential respiratory diseases and the respiratory dysfunction caused by cystic fibrosis. However, compared with smart mobile electronics, traditional clinical respiration monitoring systems is not convenient to work as a household wearable device for real-time respiration monitoring in daily life due to its cumbersome structure, complex operability, and reliance on external power sources. Thus, we propose a wearable wireless respiration sensor based on lateral sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to monitor respiratory rates by sensing the variation of the abdominal circumference. In this paper, we validate the possibility of the device as a respiration monitoring sensor via an established theoretical model and investigate the output performance of the sensor via a series of mechanical tests. Furtherly, the applications of the respiration sensor in different individuals, different breathing rhythms, different active states, and wireless transmission have been verified by a lot of volunteer tests. All the results demonstrate the potential of the proposed wearable sensor as a new alternative for detecting and monitoring real-time respiratory rates with general applicability and sensitivity.