bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Orthopaedic Teaching programme for Students (COTS)
Authors: Kumar Prakrit Raj , Stubley Thomas , Hashmi Yousuf , Ahmed Usman 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a huge variation in the depth and breadth of content taught regarding orthopaedic examinations. Undergraduate students are often confused by the variability in examination teaching, therefore increasing concerns for upcoming objectively structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Doctors, despite being expected to teach, rarely receive formal preparation, with only a handful of institutions providing necessary training. The Clinical Orthopaedic Teaching programme for Students (COTS) was designed to equip medical students with the knowledge to perform orthopaedic examinations and to synergistically provide senior students with the necessary experience for the future teaching required of them.MethodsSix fortnightly sessions were delivered, each focusing on a specific joint examination. Student and tutor recruitment were voluntary. Pre-session and post-session multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were provided to students to assess improvement in knowledge. Anonymous feedback forms were provided to both students and tutors.ResultsFrom 61 student responses, 98.4% of students stated that COTS met the learning outcomes, with content relevant for their medical curriculum. 96.7% supported COTS’ near-peer teaching (NPT) style for OSCE preparation. Based on a five-point Likert scale, students displayed a mean improvement in confidence (1.7±1.2, p&lt;0.001) and MCQ scores (1.3±1.2, p&lt;0.001). All 10 tutors perceived an improvement of their teaching skills and confidence to teach (1.0±0.9, p=0.016).ConclusionCOTS shows that an NPT style can be used to effectively teach orthopaedic examinations, with benefits for students and tutors. With our aim to refine and upscale this programme, we publish our pilot study findings to encourage similar teaching programmes to be adopted at other universities.
Exploring the Twitter activity around the eighth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Robertson Lindsay , Joshi Ayush , Legg Tess , Wellock Georgina , Ray Katerina , Evans-Reeves Karen 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTobacco companies’ intentions to influence the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) via the Conference of Parties (COP; the official biannual meeting where Parties review the Convention) are well documented. We aimed to analyse Twitter data to gain insights into tobacco industry tactics, arguments and allies.MethodsWe retrieved 9089 tweets that included #COP8FCTC between 1 and 9 October 2018. We categorised the tweets’ content and sentiment through manual coding and machine learning. We used an investigative procedure using publicly available information to categorise the most active Twitter users and investigate tobacco industry links. Network analysis was used to visualise interactions and detect communities.ResultsMost tweets were about next-generation products (NGPs) or ‘harm reduction’ (54%) and tended to argue in support of NGPs; around one-quarter were critical of tobacco control (24%). The largest proportion of most active tweeters were NGP advocates, and slightly over half of those had either links to the Philip Morris International (PMI) funded Foundation for a Smoke-Free World (FSFW) and/or to the International Network of Nicotine Consumer Organisations, a network to whom the FSFW granted US$100 300 in 2018. PMI was the most active transnational tobacco company during COP8.ConclusionsThe nature of the activity on Twitter around COP8, including a substantial online presence by PMI executives and NGP advocates with links to organisations funded directly and indirectly by PMI, is highly consistent with PMI’s 2014 corporate affairs strategy, which described engaging tobacco harm reduction advocates to ‘amplify and leverage the debate on harm reduction’ around events such as the COP.
Reproductive parameters in some captive‐bred cockatoo species (genus Cacatua and Eolophus)
Authors: Marelli Stefano Paolo , Abdel Sayed Ahmad , Magni Michele , Crosta Lorenzo , Schnitzer Petra , Strillacci Maria , Luzi Fabio , Cerolini Silvia , Zaniboni Luisa 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCockatoo reproduction in captivity supplies a powerful tool to limit the economic motivation to capture endangered species from the wild; nevertheless, scientific data about reproductive parameters in cockatoos are very rare. The aim of the present work was to investigate the reproductive performance of different species of the Cacatua genus reared in the same facility to evaluate adaptability to captive breeding and to identify the main problems in ex situ conservation of some cockatoo species.MethodsData of 28 eggs from 19 reproductive pairs from 9 cockatoo species were analysed. Statistical analysis was carried out by SAS NPAR1WAY procedure: species was considered source of variation.ResultsSpecies effect does not significantly influence reproductive variables; differences were recorded in eggs fertility and embryo liveability. Bird adaptive ability to captive breeding has been described through reproductive parameters.ConclusionOur results show the importance and the maintenance of natural species‐specific behaviours and habits, and they underline the relevance of data collection about reproductive performance in endangered species kept in captivity to improve breeding management in conservation programmes.
Descrevendo o bom-tom: transferência e mediação da moda impressa na França para o Brasil na metade do século XIX
Authors: Barbosa Everton Vieira 
Published: November 2020

Desde os primórdios da publicação de periódicos femininos sobre moda no Brasil Oitocentista, a França se destacava como uma referência cultural. As constatações desta afirmação aparecem nos diversos artigos de moda, assim como na inserção de estampas litografadas, representando vestidos e padrões de bordados, a fim de instruir suas leitoras sobre as distintas indumentárias que poderiam ser usadas em determinados espaços de sociabilidade públicos e privados, na perspectiva de uma pedagogia do olhar. O surgimento do periódico feminino O Jornal das Senhoras (1852-1855), considerado um dos primeiros impressos dirigidos por mulheres no Brasil, reforça a ideia da pedagogia do olhar, na medida em que quase 80% das edições publicadas tiveram a inserção de uma estampa ilustrando vestidos ou padrões de bordado. Grande parte destas ilustrações eram extraídas do periódico de moda francês Le Moniteur de la Mode (1843-1913), assim como a descrição da estampa, traduzida para o português. Neste sentido, propomos compreender as trocas existentes entre os mediadores culturais envolvidos neste processo, e os meios utilizados na transferência cultural da moda francesa para o Brasil.
Therapeutic Potential of Tpl2 (Tumor Progression Locus 2) Inhibition on Diabetic Vasculopathy Through the Blockage of the Inflammasome Complex
Authors: Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Lin Keng-Hung , Wang Jun-Sing , Lai De-Wei , Lee Wen-Jane , Lin Fu-Yu , Chen Po-Hsun , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Yeh Hsiang-Yu , Wu Sheng-Mao , Shen Chin-Chang , Lee Maw-Rong , Liu Shing-Hwa , Sheu Meei-Ling 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Diabetic retinopathy, one of retinal vasculopathy, is characterized by retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, blood-retinal barrier breakdown, and neovascularization. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to diabetic retinopathy progression remain unclear.

Approach and Results:

Tpl2 (tumor progression locus 2) is a protein kinase implicated in inflammation and pathological vascular angiogenesis. N
ε
-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and inflammatory cytokines levels in human sera and in several diabetic murine models were detected by ELISA, whereas liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used for whole eye tissues. The CML and p-Tpl2 expressions on the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were determined by immunofluorescence. Intravitreal injection of pharmacological inhibitor or NA (neutralizing antibody) was used in a diabetic rat model. Retinal leukostasis, optical coherence tomography, and H&E staining were used to observe pathological features. Sera of diabetic retinopathy patients had significantly increased CML levels that positively correlated with diabetic retinopathy severity and foveal thickness. CML and p-Tpl2 expressions also significantly increased in the RPE of both T1DM and T2DM diabetes animal models. Mechanistic studies on RPE revealed that CML-induced Tpl2 activation and NADPH oxidase, and inflammasome complex activation were all effectively attenuated by Tpl2 inhibition. Tpl2 inhibition by NA also effectively reduced inflammatory/angiogenic factors, retinal leukostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and RPE secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The attenuated release of angiogenic factors led to inhibited vascular abnormalities in the diabetic animal model.

Conclusions:
The inhibition of Tpl2 can block the inflammasome signaling pathway in RPE and has potential clinical and therapeutic implications in diabetes-associated retinal microvascular dysfunction.
Marine Pollution in Indonesia and the Regulatory Framework
Authors: Sodik Dikdik Mohamad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oil pollution and marine plastic pollution (MPP) in Indonesian waters have been causing concerns for decades. This article examines the adequacy of the existing Indonesian legislation on oil pollution and MPP consistent with international environmental governance regimes. It is argued that the current Indonesian laws and regulations for dealing with oil pollution and marine debris are inadequate tools to effectively combat the environmental threats from oil pollution and MPP. This article demonstrates the gaps remaining in implementing the relevant legal framework, namely through the rules of a strict liability and MPP, to address marine pollution in Indonesian waters.
Erasmus and the Emotions of Death
Authors: Raeburn Gordon D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the presence of emotion, primarily fear, in Erasmus’ work on death and dying. How did Erasmus approach the fear of death, how did he believe people should face this fear, and what were his own personal beliefs on the matter? These questions are addressed here. The recent growth of the study of the History of Emotion has shown just how central to the development of thought and belief in the late medieval and early modern periods the emotions were, and this is no less true of the development of thought and belief concerning death and dying. The various ars moriendi works of the period were fully aware of the natural fear of death that people had, and they approached this fear in several ways. By the time Reformed Protestant artes moriendi began to appear, readers were taught that the fear of death could only be overcome by the constant meditation upon death. In certain respects Erasmus, with his De Praeparatione, bridged the gap between Catholicism, Early Lutheranism, and Reformed Protestantism, and as such his work, and its use of and engagement with fear, is investigated in detail here.
Erasmus and the Colloquial Emotions
Authors: Cummings Brian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cognitive philosophy in recent years has made conversation central to the experience of emotion: we recognise emotions in dialogue. What lesson can be drawn from this for understanding Erasmus’ Colloquies? This work has often been rifled for its treatment of ideas and opinions, but it also offers a complex and highly imaginative treatment of conversation, originating as rhetorical exercises in De copia. This essay reconfigures the Colloquies in such terms, especially those involving female interlocutors, drawing on the riches of ancient interest in conversation in Plato, Cicero and Quintilian, and also on the vogue for dialogue in Renaissance Italy from Leonardo Bruni to Castiglione.
Jules Vuillemin, philosophe analytique contrarié
Authors: Engel Pascal 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Jules Vuillemin a souvent été considéré comme l’un des parrains de la philosophie analytique en France. Mais il a pris toutes ses distances vis-à-vis de la tournure qu’a prise cette philosophie à la fin du vingtième siècle. Il est cependant resté fidèle aux principes les plus constants de la philosophie analytique à ses origines.
Logique et gnoséologie dans les Principia Mathematica et Inquiry into Meaning and Truth chez Russell
Authors: Vernant Denis 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Procédant à une relecture de l’article de Jules Vuillemin « Difficultés logiques et problèmes philosophiques dans les Principia Mathematica de Russell », nous montrerons d’abord qu’effectivement la logique pure des Principia ne peut s’appliquer qu’à requérir des engagements existentiels sur des objets logico-mathématiques. Puis, en prolongeant les réflexions de Vuillemin, nous établirons que dans An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth Russell élabore une logique du langage ordinaire pour rendre compte à la fois de notre usage du langage et de nos modes de connaissance empirique.
Monumentality, Counter-monumentality, and Political Authority in Post-socialist Albania
Authors: Isto Raino 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines the role that monumentality—and efforts to critique it—have played in shaping the experience of public space in post-socialist Albania. It considers artistic and architectural strategies often labeled ‘counter-monumental’ because they were first developed as a way to challenge authoritarian and nationalist monumental structures from the past, and it argues that in Albania these counter-monumental strategies have become wedded to centralized state power. In the conditions of neoliberal capitalism, projects that aim to undo traditional monumentality can effectively obfuscate political agendas. In Albania, where Edi Rama—the current Prime Minister—is also a practicing artist, the discourses of contemporary art have served to increase the centralization of political authority, and the work of architecture and design firms such as the Brussels-based group 51N4E have reinforced the symbolic power of the state at the same time that they claim to open public spaces up for citizen participation.
Part-Peasant, Part-Trader: A Study of the Rural Poor in Republican Shanxi
Authors: Zhang Aiming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mixed occupations are a prominent feature of China’s smallholder peasant economy. For poor peasant households with little land, working in multiple occupations is a survival strategy that represents a more rational or efficient allocation of household labor. In central Shanxi in the 1930s and 1940s, the growth of the commercial economy encouraged peasant households to dedicate their surplus labor to small-scale commercial activities (including itinerant trade and shopkeeping apprenticeship), thus leading to the formation of a mixed “part-peasant, part-trader” 半耕半商 economy. This economy was characterized by the following practices: First, many young, able-bodied men farmed during the busy seasons and peddled goods in the slack seasons. Second, other able-bodied men engaged in off-farm commercial activities year-round, while female and elderly dependents did the farming—often with the help of relatives and neighbors. This represented a rational gendered and intergenerational allocation of labor that undercut labor market prices to maximize household income. Third, any surplus income from commerce, after satisfying basic consumption needs, was used to purchase more land as subsistence insurance against the vagaries of the commercial economy. These mixed practices of mutually supporting agriculture and commerce developed into a robust and competitive part-peasant, part-trader economic system.
Warfare in Northern Mozambique, Late Sixteenth to Late Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Alpers Edward A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Studies of precolonial African warfare are still relatively scarce and northern Mozambique is no exception. This paper examines more than three centuries of African warfare among the Makua of Macuana. It emphasizes continuities in strategy and tactics, while at the same time paying attention to innovations in weaponry, above all the adoption and effective utilization of firearms. Based on a critical assessment of both primary and secondary sources, it analyzes Portuguese claims of cannibalism among the Makua in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and the development of a “gun culture” from the late eighteenth century. It also seeks to locate Makua warfare in a broadly comparative African perspective.
Developing Teacher Credibility in Urban Environments: A B.E.A.R. Necessity
Authors: Tanase Madalina F. 
Published: November 2020

Teacher credibility is a prerequisite of effective instruction. A credible teacher is honest, knowledgeable, and caring. Credible teachers do the right thing when no one is watching; they are in control of the learning environment, but they do this in an enthusiastic and engaging way. Credibility takes time to develop. This study investigated ways in which urban teachers develop and maintain credibility in their classrooms. Participants were 22 secondary mathematics and science teachers in their first year of teaching. The researcher used the B.E.A.R. framework developed by Riner in 2008 to interpret the results. In this framework, B stands for believability; E stands for expertise; A stands for attractive power, and R stands for relationships. Results show that the participants developed credibility by being believable, by possessing content and pedagogical content knowledge, by being in charge of the classroom in a positive way, and by developing relationships with their students. Credibility is a prerequisite of effective instruction, and, in some cases, it takes time to develop. A credible teacher is honest, knowledgeable, and caring. This study investigated ways in which urban teachers develop and maintain credibility in their classrooms. Participants were 22 secondary mathematics and science teachers in their first year of teaching. Results show that the participants developed credibility by being believable, by possessing content and pedagogical content knowledge, by being in charge of the classroom in a positive way, and by developing relationships with their students.
What Strategies Are Hospitals Adopting to Address the Opioid Epidemic? Evidence From a National Sample of Nonprofit Hospitals
Authors: Franz Berkeley , Cronin Cory E. , Pagan Jose A. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives Hospitals are on the front lines of the opioid epidemic, seeing patients who overdose or have complicated infections, but the extent of services offered or whether services are evidence-based is not known. The objective of our study was to assess the extent to which nonprofit hospitals are addressing opioid abuse, a critical public health issue, through their community benefit work and to identify which evidence-based strategies they adopt. Methods We reviewed community benefit documents from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018, for a sample (N = 446) of all nonprofit hospitals in the United States. We classified hospital opioid-related strategies into 9 categories. Using logistic regression, we predicted the likelihood of hospitals adopting various strategies to address opioid abuse. Results Of the 446 nonprofit hospitals in our sample, 49.1% (n = 219) adopted ≥1 clinical strategy to address opioid use disorder in their community. Approximately one-quarter (26.5%; n = 118) of hospitals adopted a strategy related to treatment services for substance use disorder; 28.2% (n = 126) had ≥1 program focused on connecting patients to a primary care medical home, and 14.6% (n = 65) focused on caring for patients with opioid-related overdoses in the emergency department. We also identified factors that predicted involvement in programs that were less common than clinical strategies, but potentially effective, such as harm reduction and prescriber initiatives (both 6.3% of hospitals). Conclusions Evidence-based prevention and treatment require strong collaboration between health care and community institutions at all levels. Effective policy interventions may exist to encourage various types and sizes of nonprofit hospitals to adopt evidence-based interventions to address opioid abuse in their communities.
Gaps in Knowledge About COVID-19 Among US Residents Early in the Outbreak
Authors: McCormack Lauren A. , Squiers Linda , Frasier Alicia M. , Bevc Christine , Lynch Molly , Bann Carla M. , MacDonald Pia D.M. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 began to affect the United States in early 2020. This study aimed to assess the US public’s initial understanding about the disease and virus to inform public health communication efforts. Methods We conducted a survey of US households from February 28 through March 2, 2020, using a probability-based web-panel survey of 1021 US residents. To assess knowledge about COVID-19, we asked respondents a series of 16 true/false questions. We conducted descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses to examine differences in knowledge scores based on demographic and background characteristics. Results Knowledge about COVID-19 and the virus was relatively low overall at the beginning of the outbreak, with average scores of 62% on a 16-item knowledge index (ie, answers for 6 of the 16 questions were incorrect or unknown). Knowledge was especially low among people who had low education and income levels, were unemployed, were Hispanic, were non-Hispanic Black, were aged 18-24 and 35-49, indicated having “other” health insurance, and had limited exposure to information about the pandemic. Non-Hispanic Black respondents were less knowledgeable about COVID-19 and the virus at every education level compared with non-Hispanic White respondents at higher education levels. Non-Hispanic Black respondents with <high school degree were the least knowledgeable of all subgroups. Conclusions The findings of our study highlight the need for widespread, ongoing public health education about the virus and COVID-19, especially among certain populations. It is critical to effectively translate complex clinical and epidemiologic evidence into messages that most people can understand and act on during a pandemic, that combat misinformation about the virus and COVID-19, and that consider low levels of health literacy.
Autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature for ovarian cancer
Authors: Meng Chan , Zhou Jie-Qiong , Liao Yong-Sheng 
Published: November 2020

Objective Ovarian cancer (OC) affects nearly 22,000 women annually in the United States and ranks fifth in cancer deaths, largely because of being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Autophagy is the cellular process of self-degrading damaged or degenerate proteins and organelles. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules whose transcripts are greater than 200 nt but are not translated into proteins. However, just a small number of autophagy-related lncRNAs have been explored in depth. Methods We used RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and autophagy datasets to identify dysfunctional autophagy-related lncRNAs and provide potential useful biomarkers for OC diagnosis and prognosis. Results Seventeen differentially expressed lncRNAs (AC010186.3, AC006001.2, LBX2-AS1, SNHG17, AC011445.1, AC083880.1, MIR193BHG, AC025259.3, HCG14, AC007114.1, AC108673.2, USP30-AS1, AC010336.5, LINC01132, AC006333.2, LINC00665 and AC027348.1) were selected as independent prognostic factors for OC patients. Functional annotation of the data was performed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The results suggested that the high-risk group was mainly enriched in specific tumor-related and metabolism pathways. Conclusion Based on the online databases, we identified novel autophagy-related lncRNAs for the prognosis of ovarian cancer.