bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the market power of millers and wholesalers in the Bangladesh rice sector
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Chhiddikur , Pede Valerien , Balie Jean , Pabuayon Isabelita M. , Yorobe Jose M. , Mohanty Samarendu 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBecause of the increasing differential between farm and retail prices, the study proposes to investigate the extent of market power in the rice value chain of Bangladesh using advanced econometric techniques.Design/methodology/approachUsing a Stochastic Frontier Estimation approach on cross-sectional data, the study examines the price spread along the rice value chain to determine whether millers and wholesalers exercise market power.FindingsEmpirical results reveal that, on average, rice millers and wholesalers charge 33 and 29% above the marginal cost, respectively. This study confirms the non-competitive behavior of the rice market with wholesalers and millers wielding substantial market powerResearch limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study is that it does not include the retailers who also play a major role in the Bangladesh rice value chain. This is left for future study.Originality/valueThis study combines primary and secondary data collected on the Bangladesh rice sector to examine the market power of two major players along the value chain, millers and wholesalers, using an advanced econometrics approach.
How heterogeneity of recipients influences the income equalising impact of migrants’ remittances
Authors: Nessa Azizun 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis research develops a dynamic theoretical framework to study the interaction between migrants' remittances and entrepreneurship, together with the effect of these phenomena on inequality and income distribution.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on an overlapping generations model in which inequalities are explained by a combination of capital market imperfections and fixed costs of investment. Together, these features give rise to credit rationing such that some members of the population are denied opportunities that would otherwise make them better off. Within this framework, the author studies the implications of remittances associated with child migration.FindingsThe author considers two alternative scenarios which differ according to who receives remittances – parents or siblings. The author found that when migrant children send remittances to their parents, such transfer would result in higher bequests though not necessarily initiate entrepreneurial activities and a reduction in the extent of inequality. On the other hand, when migrant children send remittances to their siblings, such transfer would not only result in greater bequests, but also it reduces the critical level of wealth needed to get access to capital market, implying that remittance flow generates investment opportunity to even poorer members of the society.Practical implicationsTo enhance the income equalising effect of remittances, the government might consider providing extended support to households who are sending (relatively) younger members of the family abroad to earn higher wages.Originality/valueStudying how dynamic effects of remittances depend critically on the heterogeneity of recipients offers a further perspective that has not been explored before.
Delta-sigma modulation microphone sensors employing a resonant tunneling diode with a suspended microstrip resonator
Authors: Maezawa Koichi , Ito Tatsuo , Mori Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose and demonstrate novel microphone sensors based on the frequency delta-sigma modulation (FDSM) technique, which replaces the conventional delta-sigma modulator in the delta-sigma analog-to digital converters. A key of the FDSM technology is to use a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for converting an input analog signal to a 1-bit pulse-density modulated digital signal. High-performance sensors can be realized if the VCO is replaced by an oscillator whose oscillation frequency depends on an external physical parameter.

Design/methodology/approach
Microphone sensors are proposed based on FDSM that uses a suspended microstrip disk resonator, where the backside ground plane is replaced by a thin metal diaphragm. A resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator is also used, as the performance of these sensors significantly depends on the oscillation frequency. To demonstrate the basic operation of the proposal, prototype devices were fabricated with an InGaAs/AlAs RTD.

Findings
A satisfactory noise shaping property, which is a significant nature of delta-sigma modulation, was demonstrated over three decades for the prototype device. A sound-sensing peak was also clearly observed when applying 1 kHz sound from a speaker.

Practical implications
High-performance ultrasonic microphone sensors can be realized if the sensors are fabricated by using a thin InP substrate with high-frequency oscillator design.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors proposed and experimentally demonstrated novel microphone sensors, which are promising as future ultrasonic sensors that have high dynamic range with wide bandwidth.
The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Fertility Intentions*
Authors: Bassford Micaela , Fisher Hayley 
Published: July 2020

Paid parental leave is an important part of family policy in OECD countries. Australia's Paid Parental Leave scheme was introduced in 2011 and provides 18 weeks of leave paid at the full‐time minimum wage for the primary carer of a child. We estimate the effect of access to paid parental leave on women's fertility intentions by exploiting the differential impact of the scheme for women working in the public and private sectors. We find that the scheme's announcement had no impact on fertility intentions at the extensive margin but that, conditional on intending to have at least one (more) child, the number of children intended increases by 0.34, a 16 per cent increase. This effect is concentrated among highly educated women. As it has been shown that fertility intentions predict fertility outcomes, these results suggest that even modest paid parental leave programs can increase the fertility of working women and so moderate the declines in fertility rates seen in many developed countries.
Physical properties, storage stability, and consumer acceptability for sourdough bread produced using encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter culture
Authors: Mohd Roby Bizura Hasida , Muhialdin Belal J. , Abadl Muna Mahmood Taleb , Mat Nor Nor Arifah , Marzlan Anis Asyila , Lim Sarina Abdul Halim , Mustapha Nor Afizah , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to produce sourdough bread using an encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter culture without the addition of baker's yeast. The bioactive metabolites of kombucha sourdough starter and sourdough starter without kombucha were identified using 1H‐NMR analysis with multivariate analysis. The physical properties, including loaf volume, specific loaf volume, firmness, and water activity were determined following standard methods. The shelf life and consumer acceptability of the bread were also being evaluated. The principal component analyses showed the presence of 15 metabolites in kombucha sourdough starter. The major compounds that contributed to the differences from sourdough starter without kombucha were alpha‐aminobutyric acid, alanine, acetic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, anserine, tryptophan, gluconic acid, and trehalose. The encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter increased the loaf volume (976.7 ± 25.2 mL) and specific loaf volume (4.38 ± 0.12 mL/g) compared to yeast bread. Thus, significant (P < 0.05) reduction was observed in the crumb firmness (116.07 ± 6.28 g) compared to traditional sourdough bread and yeast bread. The encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter extended the shelf life of bread by 5 to 10 days at room temperature. The sourdough bread prepared using the encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) higher taste and overall acceptability scores compared to the other bread. The findings indicate that the encapsulated kombucha sourdough starter is promising to produce functional sourdough bread with extended shelf life and improved quality.Practical ApplicationEncapsulated kombucha sourdough starter culture that appropriately refreshed can be used primarily as a dough leavening agent in the bread industry without the addition of baker's yeast. This starter culture applied in sourdough bread production extended the shelf life and improved the biological function of sourdough bread.
Cavitation and fatal hemoptysis after immunotherapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wang Ruijuan , Li Kao , Pi Jianjun , Meng Liwei , Zhu Minli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐related massive hemoptysis with cavitation has rarely been identified. Here, we report a case of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with lethal bleeding after eight cycles of pembrolizumab. A 55‐year‐old male was diagnosed with stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Following confirmation of high programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression of 60% cancer cells, he subsequently received pembrolizumab monotherapy. His symptoms and chest images significantly improved after four cycles of therapy. However, after eight cycles of immunotherapy, he presented with recurrence of bloody sputum and shortness of breath. Pembrolizumab was discontinued and a diagnosis of checkpoint inhibitor‐associated pneumonitis (CIP) was made. When the CIP was absorbed after glucocorticoid therapy, the patient died of sudden massive hemoptysis with cavitation in the lesion.Key pointsAlthough checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonitis was the leading cause of ICI‐related death, clinicians should be alerted to the finding that more attention should be given to hemoptysis attributed to ICI therapy in advanced lung cancer.
Preoperative urinary function does not predict postoperative acute urinary retention in men after rectal resection
Authors: Zhu K. J. , Thanigasalam R. , Solomon M. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimAcute urinary retention (AUR) is a well‐known complication after rectal surgery. It can be associated with additional morbidity. Causes of postoperative AUR are often multifactorial – involving patient‐, pathology‐ and treatment‐related factors. A proportion of men undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) have preexisting urinary dysfunction and this may predispose to AUR. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the influence of preoperative urinary function on postoperative AUR in men undergoing TME.MethodA prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted. All adult men undergoing rectal resection between June 2016 and January 2018 were recruited. Combined pelvic resections, inability to void per urethra and emergency surgery were excluded. Preoperative urinary function was assessed with uroflowmetry, prostate ultrasound and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). The incidence of postoperative AUR, urinary tract infection (UTI) and length of hospital stay (LOS) were measured.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients (mean age 61 years) were recruited. The overall incidence of AUR was 21%. Preoperative urinary function, IPSS and past urological history were not predictive for postoperative AUR. AUR was not associated with UTI and did not affect LOS. Patients with UTI had a higher intravesical protrusion of the prostate.ConclusionPreoperative urinary dysfunction in men is not predictive of postoperative AUR after TME. It should not preclude early trial of void after TME. AUR did not predispose to UTI, nor did it prolong LOS.
Optimal management of severe symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Talley N. J. , Zand Irani M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder, and empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is often the first step of management; however, up to 40% of patients remain symptomatic despite PPI treatment. Refractory reflux refers to continued symptoms despite an adequate trial of PPI, and management remains challenging. The differential diagnosis is important; other oesophageal (e.g. eosinophilic oesophagitis) and gastroduodenal disorders (e.g. functional dyspepsia) should be ruled out, as this changes management. A combination of clinical assessment, endoscopic evaluation and in selected cases oesophageal function testing can help characterize patients with refractory reflux symptoms into oesophageal phenotypes so appropriate therapy can be more optimally targeted. Medical options then may include adding a H2 receptor antagonist, alginates, baclofen or antidepressant therapy, and there is emerging evidence for bile acid sequestrants and diaphragmatic breathing. The demonstration of a temporal association of symptoms with reflux events on pH‐impedance testing (reflux hypersensitivity) serves to focus the management on modulating oesophageal perception and reducing the reflux burden, or identifies those with no obvious pathophysiologic abnormalities (functional heartburn). Anti‐reflux surgery based on randomized controlled trial evidence has a role in reflux hypersensitivity or continued pathological acid reflux despite PPI in carefully considered, fully worked up cases that have failed medical therapy; approximately two of three cases will respond but there is a small risk of complications. In patients with persistent volume reflux despite medical therapy, given the lack of alternatives, anti‐reflux surgery is a consideration. Promising newer approaches include endoscopic techniques. This review aims to summarize current diagnostic approaches and critically evaluates the evidence for the efficacy of available treatments.
The utility of combined urine dipstick analysis and specific gravity measurement to determine feline proteinuria
Authors: Pérez‐Accino J. , Feo Bernabe L. , Manzanilla E. G. , Puig J. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the utility of urine dipstick strips for detection of feline proteinuria when used in combination with urine‐specific gravity, compared with urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio as the gold standard.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical records of comprehensive urine examination obtained from cats presented to a referral hospital. Diagnostic agreement and test accuracy were calculated for the dipstick test alone and in combination with the urine‐specific gravity, using different cut‐off values for proteinuria. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves were also calculated.ResultsA total of 121 urine samples were included. The diagnostic agreement between dipstick and urine protein‐creatinine ratio was poor. A dipstick result of equal or greater than “Trace” (0.1–0.3 g/L) had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 31% to detect proteinuria. Grouping the samples by urine‐specific gravity did not increase dipstick agreement with the urine protein‐creatinine ratio and only resulted in a slight improvement in the accuracy of detecting proteinuria.Clinical SignificanceThe dipstick test was not accurate for detecting proteinuria when combined with urine‐specific gravity in cats. Clinicians should not rely on this test and, regardless of the urine concentration, other appropriate quantitative methods such as urine protein‐creatinine ratio should always be performed to detect proteinuria in cats.
The past and future of historical poetics: Poetry and empire
Authors: Mulholland James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay suggests that with the increasing prominence of “historical poetics” as a set of social collectives, methodologies, and debates (especially about literary analysis), now seems to be an ideal time to assess its history and consider its future. The first part of the essay offers a genealogy of historical poetics, accounting for some of the central tenets of the group and considering detractors of these assertions, especially about the idea of “lyric reading” and the “lyricization” of poetry. The second part explains how the institutional history of historical poetics affects what it might become in the future, particularly if scholars expand its scope to include poetries not aligned with the 19th century Anglo‐Atlantic world. It suggests how postcolonial literary studies and the history of empire might alter some of the original insights of the Historical Poetics group. Examples draw from poetry printed in India's earliest anglophone newspapers between the 1780 and 1800, part of the “unread poetry of colonialism.” Recovering an historical understanding of this poetry demonstrates that Anglo‐Indian newspapers, while poignantly aware of their debts to Britain, perceived their verse as adapting borrowed British literary institutions. Insights devised from historical poetics provide another way to analyze seriously the conventional and common poetry of 18th century Anglo‐Indian newspapers, to assess how its authors perceived the institutional contexts of their writing, and to describe how it differed from Europe's norms. The final section concludes with some thoughts on what historical poetics might reveal about intellectual labor in the professional literary academy. Ultimately, historical poetics is not only about how we study poetry, but is an extended conversation about the value of history in literary study and how historical change is valued (or not) by academic scholars. Scholars can use historical poetics to consider larger questions about how to distribute their attention and how it might be rewarded by their colleagues and professional organizations. Over the next 10 years, it will prove crucial for scholars of historical poetics to reengage with questions about what archives are valuable for an historical reading of poetry and what those archives mean for the analysis of poetry in the academy.
Impacts of an egg complementary feeding trial on energy intake and dietary diversity in Malawi
Authors: Lutter Chessa K. , Caswell Bess L. , Arnold Charles D. , Iannotti Lora L. , Maleta Kenneth , Chipatala Raphael , Prado Elizabeth L. , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComplementary feeding diets in low‐ and middle‐income countries are generally inadequate to meet requirements for growth and development. Food‐based interventions may prevent nutrient inadequacies provided that they do not displace other nutrient‐rich foods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi in which 660 children aged 6 to 9 months were provided an egg a day for 6 months or assigned to a control group. Dietary intake of complementary foods and drinks was assessed at baseline, 3‐month midline and 6‐month endline visits using a tablet‐based multipass 24‐h recall. Up to two repeat recalls were collected at each time point in a subsample of 100 children per treatment group. At midline and endline, usual energy intake from eggs was about 30 kcal/day higher in the egg group compared with controls (p< 0.0001). Compared with controls, children in the egg group were over nine times more likely to consume eggs at midline and endline. There was a comparable, but nonsignificant, greater total usual energy intake from complementary foods of 30 kcal/day at midline (p= 0.128) and 36 kcal/day at endline (p= 0.087). There also was a displacement of 7 kcal/day in legumes and nuts in children at endline (p= 0.059). At midline and endline, more than 80% of children in the egg group consumed a minimally diverse diet compared with 53% at midline and 60% at endline in the control group. This study illustrates that mothers in the egg group fed eggs to young children on a regular basis without substantial displacement of other complementary foods.
CTP‐CM enhances osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Na , Li Zehan , Wang Yanqiu , Chen Yan , Ge Xingyun , Lu Jiamin , Bian Minxia , Wu Jintao , Yu Jinhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe conditioned medium of calcined tooth powder (CTP‐CM) is a type of biomimetic mineralized material and well contributing to bone healing and bone formation in vivo. However, little is known about the effect of CTP‐CM on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as well as the underlying mechanisms.MethodsALP activity assay was conducted to select the concentration with the highest ALP level, which was used for the following experiments. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. Expression levels of osteogenic markers in CTP‐CM‐induced hPDLSCs were evaluated with real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. Mineralization of CTP‐CM‐induced hPDLSCs was evaluated by alizarin red staining. Furthermore, the involvement of NF‐κB pathway was examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.Results20 μg/ml was selected for the further experiments. Functional studies demonstrated that CTP‐CM exerted almost no influence on the proliferation of hPDLSCs and CTP‐CM increased the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Mechanistically, CTP‐CM leads to activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway. When treated with BMS345541, the osteogenic differentiation of CTP‐CM‐treated hPDLSCs was significantly attenuated.ConclusionCTP‐CM can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via activating NF‐κB pathway.
Ocular Demodex: a systematic review of the clinical literature
Authors: Zhang Alexis Ceecee , Muntz Alex , Wang Michael T M , Craig Jennifer P , Downie Laura E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThere is increasing clinical and research interest in the potential contribution of Demodex to ocular surface disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and synthesise current clinical evidence relating to the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex.Recent findingsA comprehensive literature search was performed in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and clinical trial registries, for studies published between 1990 and August 2019, examining Demodex on the ocular surface. The review included primary clinical research studies and systematic reviews of primary clinical research studies, where Demodex was considered in the context of the ocular surface and/or adnexa. Studies were categorised using the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy. Risk of bias assessment was performed using validated tools for studies categorised as providing Level I or II evidence.A total of 87 studies were eligible for inclusion, including two systematic reviews. Most studies (60%) were observational, describing the prevalence of ocular Demodex in different clinical populations. There was a high degree of variability in the epidemiological data derived from cross‐sectional aetiology studies. There was mostly consistent evidence to support an association between ocular Demodex and chronic blepharitis. Seven diagnostic test‐accuracy studies were identified, which considered a range of techniques, including slit lamp examination for cylindrical eyelash collarettes and/or eyelash manipulation techniques, light microscopic evaluation of epilated eyelashes and in vivo confocal microscopy. There is currently no accepted gold‐standard diagnostic method for ocular Demodex. For intervention studies, there was one systematic review, 11 published randomised trials, six trial registry entries, and nine case series. Despite a number of recent trials, the appropriate treatment regimen for ocular Demodex (including the optimal criteria and timing of an intervention) is not clearly established.ConclusionsThis comprehensive narrative synthesis has captured the landscape of clinical evidence relating to the prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex. There remain opportunities to enhance understanding of its role in ocular surface disease, best diagnostic approaches and optimal treatment protocols.