bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembinaan Kultur Sekolah Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Di SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun
Authors: Sari Maya kartika , Suyanti  , Budyartati Sri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the development of school culture in SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun City. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Research subjects were the principal, teachers, students and parents of students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data in this study uses the Miles and Huberman Model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that SD Manisrejo 1 had implemented the school culture optimally with the collaboration of principals, teachers and students. School culture developed and fostered by schools is 5 S culture, courtesy and politeness culture, checking morning present or absence, morning story, read the scriptures of holy quran, morning prayer and cast praise on the prophet, multidirectional communication, and cultural love. The characters that are grown from fostering school culture are discipline, religious, social care, honesty, fond of reading, tolerance, love for the motherland/Nationalism, mutual respect, friendship, responsibility and care for the environment. The character must always be fostered continuously so that all school personnel have a noble personality.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembinaan kultur sekolah di SD Manisrejo 1 Kota Madiun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru, siswa dan orangtua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan Model Miles dan Huberman yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SD Manisrejo 1 telah menerapkan budaya sekolah dengan optimal dengan kolaborasi kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa. Kultur sekolah yang dikembangkan dan dibina oleh sekolah adalah Kultur 5 S, kultur unggah ungguh, absen pagi, morning story, tadarus pagi, doa pagi dan bersholawat, komunikasi multiarah, dan cinta budaya. Karakter yang ditumbuhkan dari pembinaan kultur sekolah yakni kedisiplinan, religius, peduli sosial, jujur, gemar membaca, toleransi, cinta tanah air, saling menghargai, bersahabat, tanggungjawab dan peduli lingkungan. Karakter tersebut harus senantiasa dibina secara kontinue agar seluruh personil sekolah berkepribadian luhur.
Pengembangan Media Ensiklopedia Bentuk dan Fungsi Tumbuhan Melatihkan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Erawati Yeny , Raharjo  , Azizah Utiya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Encyclopedia media development research has a goal that is worth practicing the critical thinking of fourth grade students in terms of plant form and function in terms of validity, practicality, effectiveness. This type of quantitative research (R&D) model is Borg and Gall. Data collection techniques: observation, questionnaire, and test. Data analysis techniques: validity and reliability, student activities, lesson plans and critical thinking tests. The results of the Encyclopedia media validator are valid for use, tested at SDN MOJO VI / 225 with One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The results of Encyclopedia media validation> 96% valid, RPP implementation> 94% performed well with the Discovery Learning model, the effectiveness of the N-Gain critical thinking test 0.75 (high), positive response 97%. Conclusion Media Encyclopedia of Plant Form and Function is appropriate to be used to train Critical thinking.
Abstrak: Penelitian pengembangan media Ensiklopedia memiliki tujuan yang layak melatihkan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV materi bentuk dan fungsi tumbuhan ditinjau kevalidan, kepraktisan, keefektifan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif model (R&D) Borg and Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data: pengamatan, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data: validitas dan reliabilitas, aktivitas siswa, keterlaksanaan RPP dan tes berpikir kritis. Hasil validator media Ensiklopedia valid untuk digunakan, diuji di SDN MOJO VI/225 dengan One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Hasil validasi media Ensiklopedia >96% valid, keterlaksanaan RPP >94% terlaksana baik dengan model Discovery Learning, keefektifan tes berpikir kritis N-Gain 0,75 (tinggi), respon positif 97%. Kesimpulan media Ensiklopedia Bentuk dan Fungsi Tumbuhan layak digunakan melatihkan berpikir Kritis.
Study of Degradable Fibers with and without Guar Gum as a Proppant Transport Agent Using Large-Scale Slot Equipment
Authors: Kim Jung Yong , Zhou Lijun , Morita Nobuo 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a common practice in developing unconventional resources in North America. The proppant placement in the fractures largely determines the productivity of the well because it affects the conductivity of fractures. Despite the wide use of slickwater fracturing and the importance of proppant placement, the proppant transport is still not fully understood, and the efficiency of the proppant placement is mostly bound to the changes to proppant properties, friction reducers, and guar technology. Although the degradable fiber is currently used in some cases, it has not been well investigated. In this experimental study, we conducted a proppant transport experiment using different fluid compositions of fiber and guar gum in three types of proppant transport slot equipment. After the experiments, simulation was conducted with the commercial fracture software StimPlan™ (NSI Technologies 2020) to simulate and compare the fracture fluid performance with and without the fibers. The results indicate that using degradable fibers with or without the guar gum as a viscosifier can produce a fracture slurry applicable in both conventional and unconventional fracturing operations, helping proppant placement in the reservoir.
Challenges and Potentials for Sand and Flow Control and Management in the Sandstone Oil Fields of Kazakhstan: A Literature Review
Authors: Soroush Mohammad , Roostaei Morteza , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Mohammadtabar Mohammad , Pourafshary Peyman , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Ghalambor Ali , Fattahpour Vahidoddin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryKazakhstan owns one of the largest global oil reserves (approximately 3%). This paper aims at investigating the challenges and potentials for production from weakly consolidated and unconsolidated oil sandstone reserves in Kazakhstan.We used the published information in the literature, especially those including comparative studies between Kazakhstan and North America. Weakly consolidated and unconsolidated oil reserves in Kazakhstan were studied in terms of the depth, pay-zone thickness, viscosity, particle-size distribution (PSD), clay content, porosity, permeability, gas cap, bottomwater, mineralogy, solution gas, oil saturation, and homogeneity of the pay zone. The previous and current experiences in developing these reserves were outlined. The stress condition was also discussed. Furthermore, the geological condition, including the existing structures, layers, and formations, were addressed for different reserves.Weakly consolidated heavy-oil reserves in shallow depths (less than 500-m true vertical depth) with oil viscosity of approximately 500 cp and thin pay zones (less than 10 m) have been successfully produced using cold methods; however, thicker zones could be produced using thermal options. Sand management is the main challenge in cold operations, while sand control is the main challenge in thermal operations. Tectonic history is more critical compared with the similar cases in North America. The complicated tectonic history necessitates geomechanical models to strategize the sand control, especially in cased and perforated completions. These models are usually avoided in North America because of the less-problematic conditions. Further investigation has shown that inflow-control devices (ICDs) could be used to limit the water breakthrough, because water coning is a common problem that begins and intensifies the sanding.This paper provides a review on challenges and potentials for sand control and sand management in heavy-oil reserves of Kazakhstan, which could be used as a guideline for service companies and operators. This paper could be also used as an initial step for further investigations regarding the sand control and sand management in Kazakhstan.
Stranded Nation with Stranded Resources: Sustainability Imperatives for Nigeria
Authors: Ite Uwem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The global transition from a high-carbon economy to a low-carbon economy is well underway. Major players in the oil and gas sector are already re-aligning their business strategies towards a low-carbon economy framework. This paper examines the broad implications of the changing global energy landscape for Nigeria, a country heavily dependent on its vast wealth oil and gas reserves to drive national development. Using a combination of current thinking and debates on stranded assets, stranded resources, resource curse thesis and rentier state theory, the paper argues that Nigeria has the potential to become a stranded nation with stranded resources, with significant implications for national sustainable development aspirations. The sustainability imperatives for Nigeria include accelerated economic diversification; transparency in internalization of costs, as well as equity in the distribution of benefits among stakeholders in the Nigerian oil and gas industry.
Techno-Economic Comparison of Self-Lift and Gas-Lift Slug Mitigation in Deepwater
Authors: Fred Fikemi , Okereke Ndubuisi , Kara Fuat , Onwukwe Stanley , Ehinmowo Adegboyega , Baba Yahaya , Nwanwe Onyebuchi , Odo Jude 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the most recent down turn in the oil industry, there is an urgent need to optimize production from deepwater oil fields. Adopting a technically sound and cost-effective severe slug mitigation technique is very important. In this work, a sample deepwater oil field in West-Africa operating at over 1000m water depth, currently operating at over 150,000 bbl/d and with an oil API of 47 °, GOR of 385.91 Sm3/Sm3 and a water-cut of over 10%; experienced slugging during it’s early life. This slugging scenario was modelled and subsequently fine-tuned to severe slugging by moderating the flow rates. Self-lift and Gas-lift were then separately applied to mitigate the severe slugging scenario. The results of this work highlighted that the self-lift technique proves effective for valve openings of 0.85, 0.65 and 0.35 for a 4 inch and 3 inch diameter bypass line. The gas lift technique proved effective with increased mass flow rate from 7kg/s and 12kg/s. Although both techniques mitigated the severe slug, the power consumption required by the gas lift technique for 12kg/s the best scenario proved to be huge at about 75,921,254.54 kw and at over $10,000,000 (USD) cost. This was not the case with the self-lift technique which required no external power source for its functionality.
Automated Volume Measurement, Adulteration Detection, and Tracking of Petroleum Products
Authors: Ejofodomi O'tega , Ofualagba Godswill 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The quantity of crude oil, petrol, diesel, or kerosene stored in storage tanks by the refineries, bulk oil terminals/depots, bulk consumers and petrol pumps is measured by taking the "dip" or height of the product in the tank. The process is manual, and open to theft, manipulation, and inaccurate reporting. Furthermore, petroleum products adulteration is another major challenge as there are no devices capable of detecting adulteration at point of sale (POS) terminals. A significant volume of petroleum products in Nigeria are being diverted and adulterated by corrupt officials to create artificial scarcity or smuggle to neighbouring countries to earn higher profits. The Petroleum Product Volume Estimator and Tracker (PPVET) is a portable electronic device that automatically measures the volume of a petroleum product contained with a receptacle, be it calibrated or uncalibrated. PPVET is also capable of detecting and identifying pure petroleum products, and tracking petroleum products during transportation.
The Petroleum Product Volume Estimator and Tracker has been designed, built, and tested in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. The unit accurately measured 9 L of kerosene in a vertical cylinder with a measurement error of 2.2%. The system also demonstrated the ability to distinguish between pure crude oil, diesel, kerosene and petrol, based on their chemical signature data from gas vapor emissions. PPVET demonstrated the ability to track the transportation of a petroleum product along an authorized route, to detect when the product was being diverted outside the authorized route, and to alert the appropriate authorities on the diversion occurence and the GPS location of the diversion.
Future work includes testing the system for automated volume measurement of underground storage tanks and petroleum product tankers, testing the PPVET's ability to detect adulterated petroleum products and to quantity the level of adulteration present in a given petroleum product, and testing the PPVET product tracking capability on a petroleum tanker transporting petroleum products across the country.
Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Vandalism Detection System
Authors: Ofualagba Godswill , Ejofodomi O'tega 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Oil Pipeline Vandalism is the act of drilling into the pipelines with the intent to steal the products. Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 2,787 line breaks were reported on pipelines belonging to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), resulting in a loss of 157.81 metric tonnes of petroleum products worth about N12.53 billion. Nigeria's Oil and Gas pipelines need to be monitored constantly and continuously to stop these pipeline attacks before damage to the pipelines are sustained and the petroleum products is illegally accessed and siphoned off.
The Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector works by detecting the earth vibration signals unique to ground digging and pipeline breakage using custom designed sensing units (SUs). A single SU of the Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector consists of geophones, an Arduino Mega Board, a GSM/GPRS/GPS shield, a Lora Communication Shield and a Lithium Battery Pack enclosed in a sealed anti-corrosion case. SUs are buried underneath the ground, above the buried pipeline, and are spaced 200 m apart. Acquired seismic signals are processed by the Arduino Mega controller board using a customized algorithm that quantifies the activities going on at the surface of the earth into threatening activities (e.g. digging and drilling), and non-threatening activities (e.g. walking and running). After detecting a threatening activity, the SU sends an alert message to the mobile phones of the patrol officers in patrol cars spaced 20 km apart on the pipeline route., and to dedicated control centres.
Testing of the Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector has been conducted in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. The system demonstrated the ability to detect a vandal digging within 20 seconds of the activity's commencement. The system also demonstrated the ability to alert the appropriate authorities via text messages containing the date, time, type of activity detected, alarm confidence rate, GPS location and driving directions to the vandalization site. Future work includes the integration of a line of sight (LOS) drone to assist local authorities in navigating and mobilizing to the vandalization site with the appropriate number of armed personnel to handle the vandals. The system will also be deployed to provide constant monitoring of a buried oil and gas pipeline at the Federal University of Petroleum Resources for further data gathering, testing and analysis.
Evaluation of Continuous Surfactant Flooding in North East Africa: Case Study of Bentiu Reservoir
Authors: Elhag Hani Hago , Abbas Azza Hashim , Gbadamosi Afeez , Agi Augustine , Oseh Jeffrey , Gbonhinbor Jeffrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, continuous surfactant flooding (CSF) has been devised as an improvement to overcome the limitation of conventional surfactant flooding (SF). The utilization of CSF depends on several factors such as surfactant type and reservoir characteristics. This study performs the feasibility study of utilizing CSF for a marginal field of Bentiu reservoir in Sudan with a production history of 20 years. The reservoir is moderately heterogeneous reservoir. Thirty-six (36) cores from the natural reservoir extension of its most effective basin were evaluated. The evaluation focused on the role of core properties such as porosity and permeability on CSF. The comparison of the results was benchmarked by water flooding and the conventional surfactant flooding. Numerical simulation CMG STARS was used to perform the sensitivity analysis on the core scale. The results of the study showed 5 main ranges of the cores available after grouping. The highest recovery factor of water flooding was in the range of 48 (+/- 1.3%). There were no significant changes in the cumulative oil produced; however, the core physical properties affected the duration needed to reach the production plateau. For CSF, the highest recovery was in the fourth group of cores. In term of water cut, the percentages declined slightly with a range of 0.01 to 0.09 % with lowest percentage value water cut recorded at 99.90% and the highest result of 99.99%. Moreover, the recovery factor reached up to 45.80% using water flooding method and increased up to 90.41 % in CSF method. The remaining oil saturation reached to 0.35 during water flooding and dropped to 0.061 during the CSF. Moreover, the result obtained in CSF which indicates that the optimum porosity and permeability range of 0.26 to 0.29 in porosity and 390 to 2220 mD in permeability is the suitable range to be implemented in continuous surfactant application. Hence, based on the obtained results, CSF shows promising effects for use in marginal oil fields.
Managing Subsurface Safety Valve in Oil and Gas Well for Optimal Production
Authors: Nwankwo Kenechukwu , Iwuoha Obioma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Production sustainability from oil and gas wells could be an uphill task when there is a need to constantly monitor Subsurface safety valves for optimal functionality. It's always a standard practice that surface safety valves are tested on specific periods safe enough to ensure well's safety is not compromised. Surface controlled subsurface safety valves are also tested with same objective.
Many Production Engineers are ignorant of the fact that the subsurface safety valve affect well productivity through drop in hydrostatic pressure across valve for Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSV) and the Sub-Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves (SSCSV) additionally causes drop in fluid flow across valves in the process of sensing fluid velocity across valve.
In this Paper, A case by case analysis was performed on the various sub-surface safety valves for producing wells with the view of minimizing friction to flow of well fluids which affects performance which in turn minimizes production restriction. Efficiency of different type of subsurface safety valves where evaluated and compared and business cases where made on the most attractive option.
Periodic testing or inspection of valves was analyzed, and best routine testing time proffered with reasons to wells performance. The advantages and disadvantage of different valve options were also discussed to recommend a workable valve option for Uninterrupted well flow. Flow assurance and flow stability considerations were also made to ensure no unwanted valve closure occurs.
A Stable and uninterrupted production was realized for five wells using this analytical method and the total productivity increase was about 1,200 BOPD for the five wells. Addressed wax blockage valve/sticky flapper problems to enable the SCSSV four wells function. The SSCSV of the last well caused flow assurance challenges which was addressed by surface choke bean optimization.
Experience of management of anorexia nervosa patients with extremely severe malnutrition in a transdisciplinary eating disorders inpatient unit
Authors: Guinhut Marie , Melchior Jean-Claude , Godart Nathalie , Hanachi Mouna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The question of where to hospitalize extremely malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is a real dilemma. On one hand, psychiatrists have to deal with severe medical complications that are not within their competences and that justify hospitalization in an internal medicine ward. On the other hand, medical doctors have to face psychic decompensations that would justify admission to a psychiatric ward. In this context, we share our experience of management of severely malnourished AN adult patients in a transdisciplinary specialized eating disorders (ED) unit, referral center for AN associated with somatic severity.Method: First, we described the modalities of care proposed to patients with AN hospitalized in the medical unit. Intensive medical care, both somatic and psychiatric, are provided thanks to a transdisciplinary therapeutic program, where objectives are to: medically stabilize the patient, initiate progressive refeeding and start supportive psychotherapy before being transferred to a psychiatric ED unit. Secondly, we conducted a retrospective descriptive study that included all adult patients with AN admitted for the first time to the unit, between November 1997 and January 2014, for severe malnutrition and/or complications of the ED. Objective was to specify patients characteristics: demographic, nutritional status, history of ED, care pathway. Finally we discussed the value of such a unit.Results: Among a cohort of 386 adult patients with AN (21 males and 365 females) admitted for the first time in the unit, mean age was 29.4 (± 11.5) years, mean BMI was 12.7 (± 2.2) kg/m². Before being supported in the unit, 78.2% of patients had already been hospitalized in other hospitals. Mean length of stay was 35.2 days. Patients were clinically serious and unstable because of life-threatening somatic complications due to a low BMI. During hospital stay, a temporary transfer to medical intensive care unit was necessary for 25.6% of patients. Average patient weight gain was 0.777 kg per week and 81.9% of patients benefited from enteral nutrition.Conclusion: This specialized transdisciplinary unit where physician nutritionists and psychiatrists coordinate medical care together, allow a better understanding and management of extreme malnutrition associated with AN. Thanks to their expertise, care teams are less critical and less rejecting towards patients. Thus, therapeutic alliance could be optimized.
Detection of a novel PAX6 mutation in a Chinese family with multiple ocular abnormalities
Authors: Ouyang Junyi , Cai Ziyan , Guo Yinjie , Nie Fen , Cao Mengdan , Duan Xuanchu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Aniridia is a congenital,panocular disease affecting the cornea,anterior chamber angle,iris,lens,retina and optic nerve.PAX6 loss-of-function mutations were the most common cause of aniridia.Mutations throughout the PAX6 gene have been linked to a range of ophthalmic abnormalities,with distinct mutations at a given site within this gene leading to distinct phenotypic findings.This study aimed to characterize genetic mutations associated with congenital aniridia in a Chinese family.MethodsThe proband and the proband’s brother of this family underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as exome sequencing,with Next Generation Sequencing being used to confirm these results.Results A novel mutation(c.114_119delinsAATTTCC:p.Pro39fs)in the PAX6 gene was identified in subjects III-2 and III-3 in these family,and both of these subjects exhibited completeaniridia,cataracts,glaucoma,high myopia,and foveal hypoplasia.Conclusions We identified a novel PAX6 frameshift heterozygous deletion mutation in a Chinese family and determined that this mutation was a probable cause of various eye abnormalities in carriers.