bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 enhances bone formation ability of jaw bone defect using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide)
Authors: Lingling E , Xin Helin , Wang Xing , Cheng Tao , Zhang Shou , Ma Xiaocao , Zhang Rong , Liu Hongchen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been suggested as an alternative source of MSCs. However, the studies on its bone formation ability in oral maxillo-facial bone defect are rare. This study investigated the bone formation ability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7)-induced hUC-MSCs combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide) (nHAC/PLA) in the back of nude mice and jaw bone defect of rabbit. Methods: The characteristics of hUC-MSCs were analyzed by plastic adherence, cell phenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Cell proliferation was examined using a CCK-8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantitative calcium concentration, phosphorous concentration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) concentration, mineral formation, and the mRNA levels of ALP, OCN and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Bone formation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining, micro-CT and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The isolated hUC-MSCs expressed CD105, CD90 and CD73, did not express CD45, CD34, CD11a and HLA-DR, exhibited self-renewal potential, and favored osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The exogenously-added rhBMP-7 attenuated the inhibitory effect of the serum-free osteogenic media (OMD) on the proliferation of hUC-MSCs combined with nHAC/PLA, increased the promoting effect of OMD on osteogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs in two or three-dimensional culture, and enhanced its heterotopic bone formation and jaw bone defect repair abilities. Furthermore, the bone formation of in situ bone defect was significantly superior to heterotopic bone formation. Conclusions: That the microenvironment formed by the regenerative engineered constructs and the in situ bone defect microenvironment closely matched that of the bone tissue in its native state may be essential for sufficient and timely bone regeneration. The endogenously-produced BMPs may serve an important regulatory role in the process. These results paved the way for developing allogeneic hUC-MSCs-based constructs for clinical jaw bone regenerative therapeutic applications.
Comparison of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors with other antihypertensives in association with coronavirus disease-19 clinical outcomes
Authors: Bezabih Yihienew Mequanint , Bezabih Alemayehu , Alamneh Endalkachew , Peterson Gregory M. , Bezabhe Woldesellassie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Reports on the effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been conflicting. We performed this meta-analysis to find conclusive evidence. Methods: We searched published articles through PubMed, EMBASE and medRxiv from 5 January 2020 to 3 August 2020. Studies that reported clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, stratified by the class of antihypertensives, were included. Random and fixed-effects models were used to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR). Results: A total 36 studies involving 30,795 patients with COVID-19 were included. The overall risk of poor patient outcomes (severe COVID-19 or death) was lower in patients taking RAAS inhibitors (OR=0.79, 95% CI: [0.67, 0.95]) compared with those receiving non-RAAS inhibitor antihypertensives. However, further sub-meta-analysis showed that specific RAAS inhibitors did not show a reduction of poor COVID-19 outcomes when compared with any class of antihypertensive except beta-blockers (BBs). For example, compared to calcium channel blockers (CCBs), neither angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR=0.91, 95% CI: [0.67, 1.23]) nor angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR=0.90, 95% CI: [0.62, 1.33]) showed a reduction of poor COVID-19 outcomes. When compared with BBs, however, both ACEIs (OR=0.85, 95% CI: [0.73, 0.99) and ARBs (OR=0.72, 95% CI: [0.55, 0.94]) showed an apparent decrease in poor COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusions: RAAS inhibitors did not increase the risk of mortality or severity of COVID-19. Differences in COVID-19 clinical outcomes between different class of antihypertensive drugs were likely due to the underlying comorbidities for which the antihypertensive drugs were prescribed.
Surface water quality and health risk assessment of Kameng river (Assam, India)
Authors: Singh Kunwar Raghvendra , Goswami Ankit Pratim , Kalamdhad Ajay S. , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Present study evaluated the surface water quality of Kameng River (Assam, India). Kameng River is the tributary of the river Brahmaputra, having its confluence at its north bank. Water samples were collected from 9 different locations along the stretch and 24 parameters were analysed. Water quality at all sampling sites was expressed in terms of overall index of pollution (OIP). The OIP of all sampling sites varied between 1.30 and 1.74. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the latent factors influencing the water quality of the river. PCA revealed that domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff were the leading sources causing adulteration of the river's water quality. The degree of contamination of each sampling site due to heavy metals was calculated by the contamination index and an associated human health risk assessment was done by computing average daily intake and Hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ of all sampling sites varied from 0.14 to 1.21. This work presents the reliability and practicability of the integrated use of these approaches in river water quality monitoring and assessment. These methods will be very useful for policy makers for assessing the cause and effect of pollution of water bodies and implementing policies to keep pollution under check.
Combining Angiogenesis Inhibitors with Radiation: Advances and Challenges in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rani Vinitha , Prabhu Ashwini 
Published: October 2020

Background:Radiation therapy is a widely employed modality that is used to destroy cancer cells, but it also tends to induce changes in the tumor microenvironment and promote angiogenesis. Radiation, when used as a sole means of therapeutic approach to treat cancer, tends to trigger the angiogenic pathways, leading to the upregulation of several angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF, bFGF, PDGF and angiogenin. This uncontrolled angiogenesis leads to certain angiogenic disorders like vascular outgrowth and an increase in tumor progression that can pose a serious threat to patients.Objective:This review emphasizes on various components of the tumor microenvironment, angiogenic growth factors and biological effects of radiation on tumors in provoking the relapse. It also describes the angiogenic mechanisms that trigger the tumor relapse after radiation therapy and how angiogenesis inhibitors can help in overcoming this phenomenon. It gives an overview of various angiogenesis inhibitors in pre-clinical as well as in clinical trials.Conclusion:The review focuses on the beneficial effects of the combinatorial therapeutic approach of anti-angiogenesis therapy and radiation in tumor management.
Carbon Nano Tubes: Novel Drug Delivery System in Amelioration of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mishra Jayanti , Kumar Bhumika , Pandey Mukesh , Pottoo Faheem H. , Fayaz Faizana , Khan Firdos Alam , Sahoo Pravat K. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder manifested with symptoms like loss of memory (known as dementia), personality changes, loss of cognition, impaired movement, confusion, deteriorated planning and thought process. Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease is the result of deposition of protein beta-amyloid that forms plaques and another protein called tau, forming tangles that prevent proper functioning of nerve cells in the brain.

Methods:
The goal of the review was to comprehensively study the utilization of nanotechnology and the role that carbon nanotubes can play as a drug delivery system for amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease.

Results:
Nanotechnology is one of the most researched domains of modern science. It contributes
significantly to therapeutics by facilitating drug therapy to reach the target sites, which are otherwise
difficult to reach with conventional drug delivery systems. Carbon nanotubes are the allotropes
of carbon in which several carbon atoms bind with each other to form a cylindrical or a
tube-like structure. The carbon nanotubes possess several unique qualities, which confer them with
a high potential of being utilized as an efficient drug delivery system. They offer high drug loading
and can readily cross the toughest biological barriers like the BBB. Carbon nanotubes also facilitate
the passage of drugs to the brain via the olfactory route, which further helps in restoring normal
autophagy, thus preventing the elimination of autophagic chemicals. They can carry a vast
range of cargos, including drugs, antigens, genetic materials, and biological macromolecules.

Conclusion:
Carbon nanotubes are a highly promising drug delivery system for anti-Alzheimer’s
drugs. They have the potential of overcoming the various biological barriers like the BBB. However,
more extensive research is required so as to set up a firm base for the development of advanced
commercial products based on carbon nanotubes for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Antioxidant and Wound Healing Potential of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Peel and Its Chemical Characterization
Authors: Ishfaq Maham , Akhtar Bushra , Muhammad Faqir , Sharif Ali , Akhtar Muhammad F. , Hamid Irfan , Sohail Kashif , Muhammad Hosh 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Fruit peels are considered as waste and contribute to a major proportion of the
biomass. They can be a good source of various therapeutic benefits. Peels biomass of citrus fruits is
usually considered as garbage. Such peels may have many important and valuable medicinal components
with pharmacological activities. Citrus reticulata, (Rutaceae family, local name tangerine) is a
local seasonal fruit in Pakistan, a very good example of wastage of its peels.

Objective:
The study is based on the exploration of a citrus fruit peel derived essential oil, its chemical
characterization, identification of various bioactive components and the exploration of pharmacological
potentials (antibacterial and wound healing activity).

Methods:
Essential oil was recovered by hydro-distillation of freshly collected peels. Chemical constituents
of oil were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant
activities were evaluated by total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, DPPH scavenging
activity and reducing power assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion assay. In
vivo wound healing potential was determined in rabbits after topical administration of oil. Wound scoring
was calculated followed by histological study.

Results:
GC-MS analysis showed the presence of various components with the greatest proportion of
D-Limonene (89.31%). Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were found to be 14.63 ± 0.95 mg CE/g
and 17.03 ± 3.24 mg GAE/g respectively, while DPPH activity was found to be 73.32%. A better antibacterial
activity was shown against E. coli. In vivo studies showed significant reduction in wound diameter
in essential oil treatment groups. Further, the essential oil was found non-irritant in draize scoring.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that essential oil of this fruit peel might be used for antibacterial and
wound healing purposes.
Natural Antidiabetic Agents: Molecular Docking Study using the Extra Precision Method
Authors: Firke Sandip Dinkar , Dhote Ashish Madhukar , Patil Ravindra Rohidas , Shirkhedkar Atul Arun , Surana Sanjay Javerilal 
Published: October 2020

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most severe, chronic metabolic disorder with abnormally elevated concentration of plasma glucose levels, leading to significant complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular illnesses.Objective:Synthetic drugs have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, there is a continuous global and insisting need for new and better treatment options for Diabetes Mellitus.Methods:In this study, 42 natural anti-diabetic constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids were selected on the basis of mechanism of action on various molecular targets such as Glucokinase activator, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), and α-glucosidase inhibitor. To investigate the potential molecular targets for natural antidiabetcs agents, molecular docking study was carried out using the Glide module of Schrodinger Suit.Results:Interactions of specific amino acid of the targets with the atoms of the chemical constituents and their Gscore indicate the proper binding of chemical constituents with target. The results revealed that Myricetin, Quercetin ae interacts with active sites of the target chosen and can be used for the designing of novel compounds as anti-dibetics.Conclusion:Calculated GScore could be used as a preliminary tool for screening of anti-diabetic drugs before performing experimental activity.
Medical Treatment in Cesarean Scar Pregnancy with Fetal Heart Activity and High Level of Serum β-hCG: A Case Report
Authors: Saghafi Nafiseh , Pourali Leila , Vatanchi Atiyeh , Rastin Zahra 
Published: October 2020

Background :
Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is the implantation of the gestational sac in the hysterotomy scar.
The optimal treatment for a cesarean scar pregnancy is unclear and therapy should be selected according to the patients'
clinical presentation. The aim of this study was reporting a successful medical treatment of a cesarean scar pregnancy with
fetal heart activity and a very high level of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

Case Presentation:
A 38-year-old woman referred for routine prenatal visit after 2 months of menstrual retard and
positive pregnancy test. She had the history of 3 cesarean sections and a uterine curettage. Untrasonography revealed
cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. The serum level of β-hCG was 109063 mIU/ml. Two doses of systemic methotrexate
therapy and intragestational sac injection of methotrexate and potassium chloride were administered. 8 weeks after the
initial treatment, β-hCG level became undetectable.

Conclusion:
Combined medical treatment with local and systemic MTX administration may be a successful treatment
with low complication even in the presence of high serum β-hCG level.
Effect of Antiretroviral Drugs on Liver Biochemical Parameters of HIV/AIDS-Infected Pregnant Women in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Udalor Gordon I. E. , Okwuosa Chukwugozie N. , Uchendu Ikenna K. , Agu Chidozie E. 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective:
Certain liver diseases are uniquely associated with pregnancy, whereas others are
unrelated. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)-associated hepatic toxicity is of increasing concern in the
management of patients with HIV/AIDS. There is no available data on whether pregnancy is associated with an increased
risk of liver damage and chronic liver damage in HIV-positive women on HAART. We evaluated the effects of
antiretroviral drugs on the liver biochemical parameters in HIV-infected pregnant women.

Methods:
Using cross-sectional survey design, 171 women were exclusively screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C
infections; grouped as 50 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, 20 newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women
(treatment-naïve), 51 HIV-infected pregnant women already on HAART, 12 non-pregnant infected females (treatmentnaive) and 38 non-pregnant HIV-infected women on HAART. Liver biomarkers were determined using standard methods.
Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s Post-HOC multiple comparison tests
were used to analyse the results.

Results:
The Aspatate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Total
Bilirubin (TB) levels in HIV-infected pregnant women on HAART were elevated. The AST (29.40±4.35 U/L) of naïve
HIV-infected pregnant women was significantly low (p<0.05) compared to non-pregnant naive HIV-infected women with
AST (53.36±5.92 U/L). Also, the ALP (272.5±22.79 U/L) and TP (80.9±4.40 g/L) of naïve HIV-infected pregnant women
were highly significant (p<0.05) compared to non-pregnant naive HIV-infected women with ALP and TP levels of
(200.30±12.74 U/L) and (63.70±6.50) g/L respectively. On the basis of trimester, HIV-positive pregnant women on
HAART had significantly higher levels of liver markers when compared with that of HIVsero-negative pregnant women.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver damage and chronic liver damage in
HIV-positive women on HAART.
Gene Selection in Multi-class Imbalanced Microarray Datasets Using Dynamic Length Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Priya R. Devi , Sivaraj R. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Microarray gene expression datasets usually contain a large number of genes
that complicate further operations like classification, clustering and other kinds of analysis. During the
classification process, the identification of salient genes is a brainstorming task and needs a careful selection.

Methods:
The classification of multi-class datasets is more critical when compared with binary classification.
When there are multiple class labels, chances are more likely that the datasets are imbalanced.
Large variations can be seen in the number of samples belonging to each class, and hence the classification
process may go biased with incorrect samples chosen for training. There is no sufficient research
work available to address all these three scenarios together in microarray datasets.

Results and Discussion:
The paper fills this gap with the following contributions: i) Selects salient
genes for classification using multiSURF algorithm ii) Identifies right instances from imbalanced datasets
using Retained Tomek Link algorithm and iii) Performs gene selection for multi-class classification
using Dynamic Length Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO).

Conclusion:
The proposed method is implemented on multi-class imbalanced microarray datasets, and
the final classification performance is seen to be encouraging and better than other compared methods.
Deep Learning in Disease Diagnosis: Models and Datasets
Authors: Saxena Deeksha , Siddiqui Mohammed Haris , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Deep learning (DL) is an Artificial neural network-driven framework with
multiple levels of representation for which non-linear modules combined in such a way that the levels
of representation can be enhanced from lower to a much abstract level. Though DL is used widely in
almost every field, it has largely brought a breakthrough in biological sciences as it is used in disease
diagnosis and clinical trials. DL can be clubbed with machine learning, but at times both are used individually
as well. DL seems to be a better platform than machine learning as the former does not require
an intermediate feature extraction and works well with larger datasets. DL is one of the most discussed
fields among scientists and researchers these days for diagnosing and solving various biological problems.
However, deep learning models need some improvisation and experimental validations to be
more productive.

Objective:
To review the available DL models and datasets that are used in disease diagnosis.

Methods:
Available DL models and their applications in disease diagnosis were reviewed discussed
and tabulated. Types of datasets and some of the popular disease-related data sources for DL were
highlighted.

Results:
We have analyzed the frequently used DL methods, data types, and discussed some of the recent
deep learning models used for solving different biological problems.

Conclusion:
The review presents useful insights about DL methods, data types, and selection of DL
models for the disease diagnosis.
Design and Cutting Performance Analysis of Spiral Drum
Authors: Tian Zhen , Jing Shuangxi , Zhao Lijuan , Gao Shan 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The spiral drum is the working mechanism of the coal shearer, whether the design of spiral drum
is reasonable or not will directly affect the cutting performance, which has an important impact on the reliability,
productivity and working stability of coal shearer.

Objective:
In order to improve the working performance of spiral drum, a program for the structural design and load
calculation of the spiral drum was developed. According to the parameters of MG400 / 951-WD shearer, two types of
spiral drum were designed.

Methods:
The distribution of cutting resistance moment and cutting power of two types of spiral drum were obtained. The
stress of the key parts and the acceleration of spiral drum centroid were obtained by the dynamic simulation.

Results:
According to the analysis of the cutting performance of the spiral drum combined with the results of the dynamic
analysis of the shearer, the appropriate spiral drum was selected to match with the MG400/951-WD shearer.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of the analysis method was verified by tracking the production process of the finalized shearer.
The results provide a certain reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the cutting performance of spiral drum.