bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Pana Tiberiu A. , Dehghani Mohsen , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Neal Samuel R. , Wood Adrian D. , Kwok Chun Shing , Loke Yoon K. , Luben Robert N. , Mamas Mamas A. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Myint Phyo Kyaw 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of dietary calcium in cardiovascular disease prevention is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between calcium intake and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data were extracted from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Multivariable Cox regressions analysed associations between calcium intake (dietary and supplemental) and cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, aortic stenosis, peripheral vascular disease) and mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause). The results of this study were pooled with those from published prospective cohort studies in a meta-analsyis, stratifying by average calcium intake using a 700 mg/day threshold. A total of 17,968 participants aged 40–79 years were followed up for a median of 20.36 years (20.32–20.38). Compared to the first quintile of calcium intake (< 770 mg/day), intakes between 771 and 926 mg/day (second quintile) and 1074–1254 mg/day (fourth quintile) were associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.91 (0.83–0.99) and 0.85 (0.77–0.93), respectively) and cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.95 (0.87–1.04) and 0.93 (0.83-1.04)]. Compared to the first quintile of calcium intake, second, third, fourth, but not fifth quintiles were associated with fewer incident strokes: respective HR 0.84 (0.72–0.97), 0.83 (0.71–0.97), 0.78 (0.66–0.92) and 0.95 (0.78–1.15). The meta-analysis results suggest that high levels of calcium intake were associated with decreased all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality, regardless of average calcium intake. Calcium supplementation was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality amongst women, but not men. Moderate dietary calcium intake may protect against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and incident stroke. Calcium supplementation may reduce mortality in women.
Situating St Mary-le-Strand: The Church, the City and the Career of James Gibbs
Authors: Aslet William 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTJames Gibbs's church of St Mary-le-Strand has often been interpreted as an expression of his training in Rome, his Tory politics and his Roman Catholic faith. These factors, as well as the growing clout of the Palladian movement, all supposedly contributed to the architect's dismissal from the Commission for Fifty New Churches. In fact, the design was discovered slowly and by compromise, and Gibbs's dismissal was brought about by a change of monarchy, the demise of his original patrons and by the cost-cutting agenda of the new Whig regime. Rather than recent Italian sources, St Mary-le-Strand derives many of its features from the architecture of London, particularly St Paul's Cathedral. The siting of the church on the royal processional way from Westminster to St Paul's Cathedral explains many of Gibbs's design choices. Queen Anne, under whose reign the church was conceived, used the route frequently.
Holes in Optical Lightning Flashes: Identifying Poorly Transmissive Clouds in Lightning Imager Data
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpace‐based optical lightning sensors including the lightning imaging sensor (LIS) and geostationary lightning mapper (GLM) are pixelated imagers that detect lightning as transient increases in cloud top illumination. Detection requires optical emissions to escape the cloud top to space with sufficient energy to trigger a pixel on the imaging array. Through scattering and absorption, certain clouds are able to block most light from reaching the instrument, causing a reduction in detection efficiency (DE) and possibly location accuracy (LA). Radiant lightning emissions that illuminate large cloud top areas are used to examine scenarios where clouds block light from reaching orbit. In some cases, these anomalies in the spatial radiance distribution from the lightning pulse lead to “holes” in the optical lightning flash where certain pixels fail to trigger. Such holes are identified algorithmically in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite LIS record and the microphysical properties of the coincident storm region are queried. We find that holes primarily occur in tall (IRTb < 235 K) convection (87%) and overhanging anvil clouds (10%). The remaining 3% of holes occur in moderate‐to‐weak convection or in clear air breaks between stormclouds. We further demonstrate how an algorithm that assesses the spatial radiance patterns from energetic lightning pulses might be used to construct an optical transmission gridded stoplight product for GLM that could help operators identify clouds with a potentially reduced DE and LA.
Parathyroid hormone increases alveolar bone homoeostasis during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis via crosstalk between STAT3 and β-catenin
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Tiancheng , Zhou Chenchen , Huang Li , Li Yuyu , Wang Han , Duan Peipei , Zou Shujuan , Mei Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeriodontitis patients are at risk of alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (1–34) treatment (iPTH) could reduce alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in individuals with periodontitis and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of OTM in the context of periodontitis was established and alveolar bone loss was observed. The control, iPTH and iPTH + stattic groups received injections of vehicle, PTH and vehicle, or PTH and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic, respectively. iPTH prevented alveolar bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and suppressing bone resorption in the alveolar bone during OTM in rats with periodontitis. This effect of iPTH was along with STAT3 activation and reduced by a local injection of stattic. iPTH promoted osteoblastic differentiation and might further regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a STAT3-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that iPTH might reduce alveolar bone loss during OTM in rats with periodontitis through STAT3/β-catenin crosstalk.
Wettability control of polymeric microstructures replicated from laser-patterned stamps
Authors: Fu Yangxi , Soldera Marcos , Wang Wei , Milles Stephan , Deng Kangfa , Voisiat Bogdan , Nielsch Kornelius , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, two-step approaches to fabricate periodic microstructures on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates are presented to control the wettability of polymeric surfaces. Micropillar arrays with periods between 1.6 and 4.6 µm are patterned by plate-to-plate hot embossing using chromium stamps structured by four-beam Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP). By varying the laser parameters, the shape, spatial period, and structure height of the laser-induced topography on Cr stamps are controlled. After that, the wettability properties, namely the static, advancing/receding contact angles (CAs), and contact angle hysteresis were characterized on the patterned PET and PMMA surfaces. The results indicate that the micropillar arrays induced a hydrophobic state in both polymers with CAs up to 140° in the case of PET, without modifying the surface chemistry. However, the structured surfaces show high adhesion to water, as the droplets stick to the surfaces and do not roll down even upon turning the substrates upside down. To investigate the wetting state on the structured polymers, theoretical CAs predicted by Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models for selected structured samples with different topographical characteristics are also calculated and compared with the experimental data.
Fluid dynamics of COVID-19 airborne infection suggests urgent data for a scientific design of social distancing
Authors: Rosti M. E. , Olivieri S. , Cavaiola M. , Seminara A. , Mazzino A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is largely caused by airborne transmission, a phenomenon that rapidly gained the attention of the scientific community. Social distancing is of paramount importance to limit the spread of the disease, but to design social distancing rules on a scientific basis the process of dispersal of virus-containing respiratory droplets must be understood. Here, we demonstrate that available knowledge is largely inadequate to make predictions on the reach of infectious droplets emitted during a cough and on their infectious potential. We follow the position and evaporation of thousands of respiratory droplets by massive state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the airflow caused by a typical cough. We find that different initial distributions of droplet size taken from literature and different ambient relative humidity lead to opposite conclusions: (1) most versus none of the viral content settles in the first 1–2 m; (2) viruses are carried entirely on dry nuclei versus on liquid droplets; (3) small droplets travel less than $$2.5\,{\mathrm{m}}$$

2.5

m

versus more than $$7.5\,{\mathrm{m}}$$

7.5

m

. We point to two key issues that need to be addressed urgently in order to provide a scientific foundation to social distancing rules: (I1) a careful characterisation of the initial distribution of droplet sizes; (I2) the infectious potential of viruses carried on dry nuclei versus liquid droplets.
Root-associated entomopathogenic fungi manipulate host plants to attract herbivorous insects
Authors: Cotes Belén , Thöming Gunda , Amaya-Gómez Carol V. , Novák Ondřej , Nansen Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRoot-associated entomopathogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance. However, host plant-R-AEF interactions and R-AEF as biological control agents have been studied independently and without much attention to the potential synergy between these functional traits. In this study, we evaluated behavioral responses of cabbage root flies [Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] to a host plant (white cabbage cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba cv. Castello L.) with and without the R-AEF Metarhizium brunneum (Petch). We performed experiments on leaf reflectance, phytohormonal composition and host plant location behavior (behavioral processes that contribute to locating and selecting an adequate host plant in the environment). Compared to control host plants, R-AEF inoculation caused, on one hand, a decrease in reflectance of host plant leaves in the near-infrared portion of the radiometric spectrum and, on the other, an increase in the production of jasmonic, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and salicylic acid in certain parts of the host plant. Under both greenhouse and field settings, landing and oviposition by cabbage root fly females were positively affected by R-AEF inoculation of host plants. The fungal-induced change in leaf reflectance may have altered visual cues used by the cabbage root flies in their host plant selection. This is the first study providing evidence for the hypothesis that R-AEF manipulate the suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.
Security augmentation grounded on Fresnel and Arnold transforms using hybrid chaotic structured phase mask
Authors: Yadav Shivani , Singh Hukum 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel asymmetric double image encryption technique is introduced to protect the algorithm from the interlopers by using hybrid chaotic structured phase masks in Arnold and Fresnel transforms. Mostly random phase masks are used routinely in many algorithms which are not strong against many attacks. So, taking in consideration replacing of random phase masks with the new hybrid chaotic structured phase masks takes place in the algorithm. With the assistance of Fresnel zone plates, radial Hilbert mask and logistic map functions, the chaotic structured phase mask is accumulated and hybrid chaotic structured phase mask provides extra security to system. Arnold transform helps in pixel shuffling, and with the pixel reorganization, it also helps in image reaping and bordering. The propagation distance of the Fresnel transform and the constraints of the Arnold transform serve as keys for encryption and decryption. To check the sturdiness of hybrid chaotic structured phase mask, simulations have been done which are carried out by the support of MATLAB R2018a (9.4.0.813654).
The effect of applied voltage and temperature on growth of copper micro‐ and nanowires in etched ion‐track cellulose nitrate detector
Authors: Shakeri Jooybari Banin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of the applied voltage and temperature on growth of Cu micro‐ and nanowires electrochemical deposited in the etched ion‐track Cellulose Nitrate (CN) detector were investigated. Cellulose Nitrate foils of 96‐μm thickness were irradiated with heavy ions (U ions of initial energy 17.7 MeV/nucleon and 16.34 MeV/nucleon). By chemical etching of the latent tracks produced by the heavy ions in CN samples, a porous membrane containing nano‐ and micro‐sized cylindrical open pores were prepared. These porous membranes have been used for fabrication of the nano and microwires. Cu micro‐ and nanowires were grown by electrochemical deposition of copper into pores using the two‐electrode electrochemical cell. The electrochemical deposition process was monitored in real time by recording the current during the growth of the wires. The influence of the deposition parameters such as applied voltage and electrolyte temperature on current versus time curve recorded during the manufacturing of Cu microwires and their structure were studied.
Study of capacitor charge power supply with homopolar inductor alternator: System modelling and mode analysis
Authors: Yu Kexun , Yao Jiakang , Guo Songlin , Xie Xianfei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCapacitor charge power supply (CCPS) based on homopolar inductor alternator (HIA) has been successfully used in capacitor‐based pulsed power supply (PPS), but there is still no perfect system modelling and compete system parameter design method. In this study, the system modelling and mode analysis of HIA‐CCPS is developed in detail. First, a simplified CCPS model is proposed based on the voltage‐behind‐reactance (VBR) model of HIA and the phase base‐value system (PBVS). Second, four different modes of CCPS are derived on conditions of the constant voltage load (CVL) assumption; the symbols and terms in these modes are unified. The equations derived in this study are the basis of the system parameter design and the further research of HIA‐CCPS.
Analysis, design and performance characterisation of transistor clamped dual active bridge DC–DC converter in wide voltage range
Authors: Yadeo Dharmendra , Chaturvedi Pradyumn , Suryawanshi H. M. , Atkar Dipesh , Saketi Sai Krishna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to control dual active bridge conventionally, control scheme such as single phase shift is used which reduces the system efficiency particularly when voltage conversion ratio differs from unity. This causes more circulating power and high current stress in switches. Moreover, voltage obtained at primary side of high frequency transformer is of two‐level only, which increases voltage stress across it. Furthermore, it has only one degree of freedom which confines its ability to regulate power flow. In this paper, a transistor clamped dual active bridge dc–dc converter is proposed with three degrees of freedom which improves its ability to regulate power flow, and because of incorporation of five‐level voltage on primary side of high frequency transformer, current stress in switches and voltage stress across high frequency transformer reduces. Mathematical modelling for the proposed converter is done for obtaining power flow equation. In addition to the phase shift control, proposed converter has two more control parameter which enhances the power flow controllability of the converter. Comparative analysis with conventional dual active bridge shows that the proposed converter is having more efficiency. Performance of the proposed converter is verified via simulation and hardware implementation.
Four‐phase interleaved TCM DC‐DC buck converter with matrix inductor in battery charging application
Authors: Nguyen Anh Dung , Chen Shu‐Xin , Chen Yang , Chen Cheng‐Wei , Han Byeongcheol , Lai Jih‐Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a 1‐kW DC‐DC buck converter with a four‐phase interleaved matrix inductor is proposed for battery charging applications. It is well‐known that the DC bias on the inductor will cause high core loss as it changes the B–H characteristic. Typically, the transient conduction mode employed in high voltage applications for zero‐voltage‐switching of devices would cause higher inductor current ripple. The conventional approach to reduce the effect of DC bias and inductor current ripple is employing multi‐phases. However, the cost and size of the converter will increase significantly. This paper proposes the matrix inductor which has a small volume and reduces the effect of the DC bias by flux sharing and flux cancellation at the same time, results in low inductor core loss. With the interleaved operations the output current ripple can be lower which is suitable for battery charging application. Besides, the comparison of the synchronous and interleaved operation is presented. A 1‐kW prototype is built and the experimental results show that the peak efficiency is 99.1% and 99.2% for synchronous and interleaved control, respectively. Additionally, the output current ripple of the interleaved operation is reduced by 85% in comparison with the synchronous operation.
Voltage unbalances mitigation in bipolar DC microgrids using a novel three‐port multidirectional buck–boost converter
Authors: Ahmadi Taha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a new three‐port multidirectional DC‐DC converter (TMC) to integrate an energy storage system (ESS) or main grid to a bipolar DC microgrid (BDCMG). This converter provides a voltage balancing function and controls the input and output power of the BDCMG so that during overload conditions injects power to the BDCMG and in low‐load conditions saves the available power to an ESS or transfers to the main grid. Given this integration of activities, the total number of converters in the BDCMG can be decreased. This feature enables that the converter can be used in portable systems where the overall efficiency and weight of the system are important. In the study, the performance of the proposed converter is analysed. Simulation studies are performed and a BDCMG laboratory setup is implemented in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed TMC.
Space‐vector current control of cascaded half‐bridge three‐phase three‐wire voltage source inverter
Authors: Rawa Muhyaddin , Belkamel Hamza , Bassi Hussain , Abusorrah Abdullah , Mekhilef Saad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent controllers for voltage source inverters give better control of current waveform and also provide compensation for load transients and non‐linearities. Despite the increasing employment of multilevel inverters in high‐power medium voltage applications and its superior performance compared to two‐level inverters, the extension of hysteresis current controllers to multilevel voltage source inverters is much less established. In this study, a current error space vector‐based hysteresis controller is implemented on a three‐phase cascaded half‐bridge voltage source inverter. The vector‐based method measures the current error in a space vector form and keeps the error within the assigned tolerance region. It has been observed from the simulation tests and experimental verifications that the implemented current regulator maintains the load current as close as possible to the set reference current with a significantly minimised error. Another attractive feature in the implemented closed‐loop current controller is that the number of voltage levels is maintained as the output of the inverter with a fast dynamic response.
Design of a switched‐capacitor boost converter utilizing magnetic coupling with capability of right‐half plane zero elimination
Authors: Goudarzian Alireza , Mirzaeian Dehkordi Behzad , Abjadi Navidreza , Adib Ehsan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe dynamic operation of the conventional boost converters is limited in the continuous conduction mode, due to the presence of
at least one right‐half plane (RHP) zero in their control transfer function which can limit the open‐loop bandwidth of the converter. This problem complicates the control design for the output voltage regulation and conversely influences the closed‐loop system stability. To cancel this problem, a new step‐up boost converter using the magnetic coupling and the switched capacitor (SC) is presented. In the proposed converter the effect of the RHP zero can be successfully eliminated, the voltage transfer ratio can be enhanced and the circumstances are provided to reach a small operating duty cycle as well as stress reduction of the diodes and power switch. Using the averaging technique, the state‐space model of the converter is analytically studied and the essential conditions are given for achieving a minimum‐phase structure. Based on the mentioned advantage, a simple classical PI controller for the output voltage regulation is designed. To confirm the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter, simulations and practical results are presented. Also, the performance of the proposed converter is compared with the other boost converters without RHP zero.
Development of android-based learning module in metal fabrication techniques for vocational high school 2 Klaten
Authors: Nuryanto A , Erestio D , Pamungkas A , Pratiwi H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to develop an android-based learning module and find out the level of feasibility of learning module development in vocational high school 2 Klaten. This study uses ADDIE models, which are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study involved 37 respondents (students) to determine the feasibility of the android-based learning module that was developed. Data was obtained by the questionnaire and analysed by changing the average score into a percentage. The result of this study was android based learning module products on metal fabrication techniques subject for XI grade students. The feasibility test showed that the feasibility level of learning module validated by media experts obtained 77.90% with the category of eligible. The feasibility validated by material experts showed an overall average of 86.39% with the category very eligible, and from the results of the user obtained an overall average of 78.53% with the eligible category. From the feasibility test it could be concluded that the android module development could be used as one of the learning media in metal fabrication subject.