bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialist nurse initiated interventions in breast cancer care: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hussain Rawther Shejila Chillakunnel , Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Fernandes Donald J , Mathew Stanley , Chakrabarty Jyothi , Devi Elsa Sanatombi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of specialist nurse interventions in the care of women with breast cancer.BackgroundNurses perform a crucial role in physical and psychosocial support of women with breast cancer. However, only few reviews have explored and discussed the roles and interventions carried out by specialised nurses in breast cancer care.DesignSystematic review based on PRISMA guidelines.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, IndMed and Shodhganga databases for articles published in English language from 1980 to 2018. Only RCTs were included. Quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies.ResultsSixteen papers were assessed for methodological quality. Due to methodological heterogeneity of the papers, a meta‐analysis was not performed. The reviewers categorised the main outcomes under different domains like physical problems, psychological problems, patient satisfaction, patient needs, quality of life and cost data.DiscussionThis review provides evidence on specialist nurses’ role in breast cancer care. The methodological aspects of studies in this review vary in different aspects. More studies with rigorous scientific methods are needed to provide robust evidence on effectiveness of specialist nurses’ role.ConclusionEven though specialist nursing interventions can contribute to health outcomes of women with breast cancer, there is limited number of studies reported from developing countries. This warrants the need for specialist nurse interventions in breast cancer care from developing countries.Relevance to clinical practiceOffering a specialist nurse service helps the patients to meet their informational and educational needs, supportive care and coordination of care. Specialist breast nurse services can be integrated into hospital setting to improve patient care and treatment adherence.
Nursing students’ socialisation to emotion management during early clinical placement experiences: A qualitative study
Authors: McCloughen Andrea , Levy David , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , McKenzie Heather 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nursing students’ subjective experience of emotions during first‐year clinical placements, strategies used to manage their emotions and socialisation to emotion management.BackgroundEmotion regulation is a key source of stress for early career and student nurses. Clinical placement experiences can elicit strong emotions in nursing students; however, they may be unprepared for the challenge of regulating their emotions in real‐world practice. How nursing students learn to manage their emotions in the clinical setting, whether they receive support for this, and how they are socialised to manage their emotions during placements are not well known.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews (n = 19) were conducted with first‐year nursing students, exploring their experiences of emotion management during clinical placement. Interview transcripts were analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Reporting adheres to the COREQ Checklist.ResultsInteractions with patients and staff often elicited negative feelings. Structured guidance for emotion management by supervising staff was scarce. Students used informal self‐reflection and interpretation to guide emotion management.ConclusionsIn the absence of strategic socialisation and formal support for effective emotion management, students used emotional labour strategies that can negatively impact on well‐being. A focus on adequately preparing nursing students for emotion work is a necessary component of classroom and clinical learning environments. Structured debriefing during clinical placements may provide a relevant context to discuss emotions arising during clinical work and to learn emotion management strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceEmotional competence, a fundamental ability for registered nurses and students, supports personal health maintenance and strengthens professional practice. Students are exposed to clinical environments and interpersonal encounters that evoke strong emotions. They need situated learning strategies and formal support to develop knowledge and strengthen capability for emotion management, as this is essential for promoting professional development and patient care.
Characteristics of regulatory T‐cell function in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C coinfection
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Wei , Wu Shu‐Fen , Chen Chi‐Yi , Ho Yun‐Che , He Yi‐Ting , Tseng Kuo‐Chih 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) affect the pathogenesis and disease progression of chronic viral hepatitis. This study evaluated the frequency and function of Tregs in patients with chronic HBV/HCV coinfection. Seventy‐four untreated HBV/HCV co‐infected patients were enrolled in this study. These subjects were divided into four subgroups: HBV‐active/HCV‐active (BACA), HBV‐inactive/HCV‐active (BICA), HBV‐active/HCV‐inactive (BACI) and HBV‐inactive/HCV‐inactive (BICI). Treg frequency was calculated as the fraction of CD4+Foxp3+T cells among CD4+T cells. Treg‐mediated inhibition was measured as percent of inhibition of T‐cell proliferation. The expression of interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐10 with/without Treg inhibition was also studied. Among the patients, there were 8 cases of BACA (10.8%), 38 of BICA (51.4%), 14 of BACI (18.9%) and 14 of BICI (18.9%). The frequency of CD4+Foxp3+T cells was comparable between the four groups. The inhibitory function of Tregs among the patients in the BACA and BICA was higher than that in the BICI (BACA vs BICI, P = .0210; BICA vs BICI, P = .0301). Patients in the BACA and BICA had higher fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) scores and serum ALT levels and lower serum albumin levels than those of the other groups. ALT abnormality was significantly and independently associated with a higher Treg immunosuppressive ability. The IFN‐γ expression of the effector T cells in the BACA was higher than that of the other groups. In conclusion, the inhibitory function of Tregs is higher among the HBV/HCV co‐infected patients with active HCV infection. ALT abnormality plays a dominant role in Treg function.
Press–pulse interactions and long‐term community dynamics in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Authors: Collins Scott L. , Chung Y. Anny , Baur Lauren E. , Hallmark Alesia , Ohlert Timothy J. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuestionsReordering of dominant species is an important mechanism of community response to global environmental change. We asked how wildfire (a pulse event) interacts with directional changes in climate (environmental presses) to affect plant community dynamics in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland.LocationSevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico, USA.MethodsVegetation cover by species was measured twice each year from 1989 to 2019 along two permanently located 400‐m long line intercept transects, one in Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and the second in the ecotone between Chihuahuan Desert and Great Plains grasslands. Trends in community structure were plotted over time, and climate sensitivity functions were used to predict how changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) affected vegetation dynamics.ResultsCommunity composition was undergoing gradual change in the absence of disturbance in the ecotone and desert grassland. These changes were related to the reordering of abundances between two foundation grasses, Bouteloua eriopoda and B. gracilis, that together account for >80% of above‐ground primary production. However, reordering varied over time in response to wildfire (a pulse) and changes in the PDO (a press). Community dynamics were initially related to the warm and cool phases of the PDO, but in the ecotone these relationships changed following wildfire, which reset the system.ConclusionSpecies reordering is an important component of community dynamics in response to ecological presses. However, reordering is a complex, non‐linear process in response to ecological presses that may change over time and interact with pulse disturbances.
Genetic richness affects trait variation but not community productivity in a tree diversity experiment
Authors: Bongers Franca J. , Schmid Bernhard , Durka Walter , Li Shan , Bruelheide Helge , Hahn Christoph Z. , Yan Haoru , Ma Keping , Liu Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments found that productivity generally increases with species richness, but less is known about effects of within‐species genetic richness and potential interactions between the two. While functional differences between species can explain species richness effects, empirical evidence regarding functional differences between genotypes within species and potential consequences for productivity is largely lacking.

We therefore measured within‐ and among‐species variation in functional traits and growth and determined stand‐level tree biomass in a large forest experiment factorially manipulating species and genetic richness in subtropical China.

Within‐species variation across genetic seed families, in addition to variation across species, explained a substantial amount of trait variation. Furthermore, trait responses to species and genetic richness varied significantly within and between species. Multivariate trait variation was larger among individuals from species mixtures than those from species monocultures, but similar among individuals from genetically diverse vs genetically uniform monocultures. Correspondingly, species but not genetic richness had a positive effect on stand‐level tree biomass.

We argue that identifying functional diversity within and among species in forest communities is necessary to separate effects of species and genetic diversity on tree growth and community productivity.
Predictors of close faculty−student relationships and mentorship in higher education: findings from the Gallup−Purdue Index
Authors: Raposa Elizabeth B. , Hagler Matthew , Liu Diana , Rhodes Jean E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCollege students’ supportive relationships with mentors—professors, advisors, and other caring adults to whom students turn as they develop their interests and career paths—are critical to their development and academic success. The current study sought to explore factors that promote or impede the formation of positive mentor–student relationships during college using a large, nationally representative sample of 5,684 college graduates from the Gallup–Purdue Index. Linear regression models revealed that first‐generation college students, as well as students attending larger institutions, rated faculty and other college staff as less caring and supportive, and were less able to identify a supportive mentoring relationship during college. Greater engagement at college, including participation in faculty research, academic internships, long‐term projects, and extracurricular clubs or activities, was associated with stronger perceptions of faculty support and mentorship while in college. Interestingly, demographic characteristics moderated the effects of some extracurricular activities on students’ experiences. For example, participants with more student loans showed a stronger positive association between participation in long‐term academic projects and perceptions of faculty support, relative to students with few loans. These findings have important implications for policies designed to foster sustained and meaningful faculty–student relationships for all students, including those traditionally marginalized on college campuses.
HIERARCHY, GEOGRAPHY AND EPIGRAPHY: ADMINISTRATION IN THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH
Authors: Garfinkel Yosef , Mendel‐Geberovich Anat 
Published: April 2020

SummaryHundreds of epigraphic finds have been uncovered in excavations conducted in the ancient Kingdom of Judah, located in the south Levant and dated to the Iron Age (c.1000–586 BCE). These finds are usually studied from the linguistic and historical points of view, in a basic, descriptive manner. Here we present a new approach, analysing aspects relating to spatial distribution of epigraphic finds, spatial hierarchy of sites, bureaucratic hierarchy of officials, core and periphery, and ecological diversity of various regions of the kingdom.
Stop‐Flow Pelvic Chemoperfusion for the Treatment of Malignant Pelvic Bone Tumors: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Han , Tang Xiaodong , Xie Lu , Dong Sen , Chen Chen , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo preliminarily study the efficacy and safety of stop‐flow pelvic chemoperfusion, a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pelvic malignancies.MethodsStop‐flow chemoperfusion was performed six times in 5 patients with primary pelvic malignancies. Aortic and vena cave balloons and tourniquets were used to isolate pelvic blood flow from systemic circulation. Cisplatin was then perfused through a transarterial catheter to achieve exposure to a higher drug concentration. Pelvic and peripheral blood samples were collected to determine drug concentration during perfusion. The efficacy of stop‐flow pelvic perfusion was assessed by measuring the change in tumor size, the visual analogue scale, and the tumor necrosis rate after perfusion. Safety was assessed by classifying adverse events according to CTCAE v4.03.ResultsThe mean area under the curve (AUC) and maximum drug concentration in the pelvis during perfusion were 246.23 min μg/mL and 17.29 μg/mL, respectively. These measures were significantly higher than the peripheral mean AUC and maximum drug concentration of 52.08 min μg/mL and 5.14 μg/mL, respectively. All 5 patients showed stable disease in response, with changes in tumor size of −4.7%, −5.4%, +4.7%, −8.4%, and 0.0%. Among the 5 patients, 3 (60%) experienced significant pain relief after perfusion. Three patients underwent surgery, with tumor necrosis of 63%, <60%, and 93%. No severe complications were observed in this study.ConclusionsStop‐flow pelvic chemoperfusion resulted in exposure to drug higher concentration with fewer serious complications. These preliminary results suggest that further studies are required to comprehensively assess the therapeutic potential of stop‐flow pelvic chemoperfusion in pelvic malignancies.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Paper‐Based Sensor Based on CdTe Quantum Dots and Graphite Carbon Nitride Hybrid for Visual and Rapid Determination of Cu2+ in Drinks
Authors: He Kaili , Zhan Xin , Liu Lian , Ruan Xiaohong , Wu Yiwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence sensor of CdTe QDs/GCNNs for on‐site and rapid analysis of Cu2+ has been established by mixing physically CdTe QDs and graphite carbon nitride (GCNNs). Two emissions peaks of CdTe QDs at 572 nm and GCNNs at 436 nm are both excitated at 340 nm. Under a UV lamp, fluorescent of traffic yellow CdTe QDs is linearly quenched by Cu2+ (as the detection signal), while blue GCNNs remains unchanged (as the reference), resulting in a distinguishable color change gradually from pink yellow to blue. The limit of detection (LOD) of this new sensor for Cu2+ is as low as 0.47 ng mL−1 with 1.4 % RSD. The established method has been successfully applied to detection of Cu2+ in various drinks with satisfactory results. Moreover, a paper‐based sensor, which has been prepared by soaking cellulose acetate membrane in CdTe QDs/GCNNs sensor solution, has a wide semiquantitative detection range for Cu2+ (0.01 ~ 5.0 μg mL−1). It has realized successfully on‐site and rapid determination of Cu2+ in red wine without any pretreatment procedure and is of great promotion and application value in determination of Cu2+ in liquid samples.
Are cytochrome P4502D6 and apolipoprotein E genotypes associated with long‐term cognitive and functional changes in patients treated with donepezil?
Authors: Pamio Maria V. , Trevisan Caterina , Pigozzo Sabrina , De Rui Marina , Devita Maria , Girardi Agostino , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe , Coin Alessandra 
Published: April 2020

AimWe investigated the associations of the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs1080985 of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes with cognitive and functional changes in patients treated with donepezil.MethodsSixty‐five outpatients with Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia being treated with donepezil were assessed at baseline and over 27 months. Changes in cognitive status, assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and in functional status, assessed by the Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, were evaluated as a function of CYP2D6 and APOE genotypes by using linear mixed models. Multiplicative interactions between the CYP2D6 and APOE genotypes and time were investigated.ResultsIndividuals with the mutated CYP2D6 exhibited a slower decline in total Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, orientation, registration, and functional status than those with the wild type. A significant interaction between CYP2D6, APOE, and time was found for changes in the Activities of Daily Living Scale; among the ε4 carriers, those with the mutated CYP2D6 exhibited a slower decline on the Activities of Daily Living Scale than those with the wild type.ConclusionThe CYP2D6 and APOE genotypes may modulate the effectiveness of donepezil on cognitive and functional status.
A comparative review of intelectins
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Jinyi , Yang Guiwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntelectin (ITLN) is a new type of glycan‐binding lectin. It has been demonstrated to agglutinate bacteria probably due to its carbohydrate‐binding capacity, suggesting its role in an innate immune response. It is involved not only in many physiological processes but also in some human diseases such as asthma, heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. Up to now, intelectin orthologs have been identified in placozoans, urochordatas, cephalochordates and several vertebrates, such as cyclostomata, fish, amphibians and mammals. Although the sequences of intelectins in different species are conserved, their expression patterns, quaternary structures and functions differ considerably among and within species. We summarize the evolution of the intelectin gene family, the tissue distribution, structure and functions of intelectins. We conclude that intelectin plays a role in innate immune response and there are still potential functions of intelectin awaiting discovery.
Pattern of human monocyte subpopulations in health and disease
Authors: Ożańska Agnieszka , Szymczak Donata , Rybka Justyna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonocytes are important cells of the innate system. They are a heterogeneous type of cells consisting of phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations, which play a specific role in the control, development and escalation of the immunological processes. Based on the expression of superficial CD14 and CD16 in flow cytometry, they can be divided into three subsets: classical, intermediate and non‐classical. Variation in the levels of human monocyte subsets in the blood can be observed in patients in numerous pathological states, such as infections, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of human monocyte subsets and their significance in homeostasis and in pathological conditions.
LncRNA XLOC_003810 promotes T cell activation and inhibits PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression in patients with myasthenia gravis‐related thymoma
Authors: Hu Bo , Niu Li , Jiang Zheng , Xu Shenglin , Hu Yong , Cao Kun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of long non‐coding RNA XLOC_003810 on the activation of CD4+ T cells and expression of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in patients with myasthenia gravis‐related thymoma (MG‐T). Thymus specimens and thymic mononuclear cells were obtained from MG and MG‐T patients or cardiac surgery patients undergoing thoracotomy who were selected as negative controls (NC). XLOC_003810 expression was examined using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Frequency of CD4+ T cells and proportion of CD4+PD‐1+ T cells and CD14+PD‐L1+ monocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. The release of inflammatory cytokines was measured by qRT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with the NC group, expression of XLOC_003810, frequency of CD4+ T cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines were increased in patients with MG and MG‐T. XLOC_003810 overexpression significantly increased the frequency of CD4+ T cells, facilitated the production of inflammatory cytokines and decreased the proportion of CD4+PD‐1+ T cells and CD14+PD‐L1+ monocytes in the thymic mononuclear cells. In contrast, XLOC_003810 knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Together, XLOC_003810 promotes T cell activation and inhibits PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway in patients with MG‐T.
Investigating a Mixed-Initiative Workflow for Digital Mind-Mapping
Authors: Chen Ting-Ju , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report on our investigation of human-AI collaboration for mind-mapping. We specifically focus on problem exploration in pre-conceptualization stages of early design. Our approach leverages the notion of query expansion—the process of refining a given search query for improving information retrieval. Assuming a mind-map as a network of nodes, we reformulate its construction process as a sequential interaction workflow wherein a human user and an intelligent agent take turns to add one node to the network at a time. Our contribution is the design, implementation, and evaluation of algorithm that powers the intelligent agent (IA). This paper is an extension of our prior work (Chen et al., 2019, “Mini-Map: Mixed-Initiative Mind-Mapping Via Contextual Query Expansion,” AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, p. 2347) wherein we developed this algorithm, dubbed Mini-Map, and implemented a web-based workflow enabled by ConceptNet (a large graph-based representation of “commonsense” knowledge). In this paper, we extend our prior work through a comprehensive comparison between human-AI collaboration and human-human collaboration for mind-mapping. We specifically extend our prior work by: (a) expanding on our previous quantitative analysis using established metrics and semantic studies, (b) presenting a new detailed video protocol analysis of the mind-mapping process, and (c) providing design implications for digital mind-mapping tools.