bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologically driven cut-off definition of lymphocyte ratios in metastatic breast cancer and association with exosomal subpopulations and prognosis
Authors: Gerratana Lorenzo , Basile Debora , Toffoletto Barbara , Bulfoni Michela , Zago Silvia , Magini Alessandro , Lera Marta , Pelizzari Giacomo , Parisse Pietro , Casalis Loredana , Vitale Maria Grazia , Fanotto Valentina , Bonotto Marta , Caponnetto Federica , Bartoletti Michele , Lisanti Camilla , Minisini Alessandro Marco , Emiliani Carla , Di Loreto Carla , Fasola Gianpiero , Curcio Francesco , Beltrami Antonio Paolo , Cesselli Daniela , Puglisi Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are respectively associated with systemic inflammation and immune suppression and have been associated with a poor outcome. Plasmatic exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in the intercellular communication system that can exert an immunosuppressive function. Aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between the immune system and circulating exosomes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A threshold capable to classify patients according to MLR, NLR and PLR, was computed through a receiving operator curve analysis after propensity score matching with a series of female blood donors. Exosomes were isolated from plasma by ExoQuick solution and characterized by flow-cytometry. NLR, MLR, PLR and exosomal subpopulations potentially involved in the pre-metastatic niche were significantly different in MBC patients with respect to controls. MLR was significantly associated with number of sites at the onset of metastatic disease, while high levels of MLR and NLR were found to be associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, exosomal subpopulations varied according to NLR, MLR, PLR and both were associated with different breast cancer subtypes and sites of distant involvement. This study highlights the nuanced role of immunity in MBC spread, progression and outcome. Moreover, they suggest potential interaction mechanisms between immunity, MBC and the metastatic niche.
An anomaly in quantum phases induced by borders
Authors: Jing Jun , Guidry Mike , Wu Lian-Ao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe stationary behavior of a quantum system is determined by its Hamiltonian and its boundary conditions. All quantum phase transitions (QPT) reported previously were induced by changing the Hamiltonian. In a circular spin model with Heisenberg XY interactions and no magnetic field, we observe an anomaly in quantum phases caused by a qualitative change of the boundary condition. The unexpected anomaly features an infinite number of single-particle levels, in the same pattern as the single-photon-triggered quantum phase transition in the Rabi model.
Simulation analysis of impact damage to the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant
Authors: Ma Xinyang , Diao Xiaoou , Li Zhirui , Xin Haitao , Suo Tao , Hou Bing , Tang Zhongbin , Wu Yulu , Feng Fan , Luo Huiwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDental implant may suffer transient external impacts. To simulate the effect of impact forces on bone damage is very important for evaluation of damage and guiding treatment in clinics. In this study, an animal model was established by inserting an implant into the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbit. Implant with good osseointegration was loaded with impact force. A three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the data of the animal model. Damage process to bone tissue was simulated with Abaqus 6.13 software combining dynamic mechanical properties of the femur. The characteristics of bone damage were analyzed by comparing the results of animal testing with numerical simulation data. After impact, cortical bone around the implant and trabecular at the bottom of the implant were prone to damage. The degree of damage correlated with the direction of loading and the magnitude of the impact. Lateral loading was most likely performed to damage cancellous bone. The stress wave formed by the impact force can damage the implant–bone interface and peri-implant trabeculae. The data from numerical simulations were consistent with data from animal experiments, highlighting the importance of a thorough examination and evaluation based on the patient’s medical history.
FGF21 Mimics a Fasting-Induced Metabolic State and Increases Appetite in Zebrafish
Authors: Blanco Ayelén Melisa , Bertucci Juan Ignacio , Unniappan Suraj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the FGF superfamily that acts in an endocrine manner. FGF21 is a key regulator of energy balance and metabolism in mammals, and has emerged as a therapeutic potential for treating obesity and diabetes. Here, we report that mRNAs encoding FGF21 and its receptors are widely distributed within the zebrafish tissues and are importantly modulated by fasting (decreased in brain and liver, and increased in gut). FGF21 stimulates food intake in zebrafish, likely in part by modulating brain npy/agrp and nucb2/nesfatin-1 and gut ghrelin and cck mRNA expression. In accordance with this orexigenic role, the expression of FGF21 and its receptors were observed to increase preprandially and decrease post-feeding in the foregut and/or liver. Finally, we found important evidence in favor of a role for FGF21 in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the zebrafish liver in a way that mimics a fasting metabolic state.
The Effect of Functional and Intra-Coronary Imaging Techniques on Fluoroscopy Time, Radiation Dose and Contrast Volume during Coronary Angiography
Authors: De la Garza-Salazar Fernando , Lankenau-Vela Diana Lorena , Cadena-Nuñez Bertha , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim was to analyze the effect of fractional flow reserve (FFR), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) on fluoroscopy time (FT), radiation dose (RD) and contrast volume (CV) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. This case-control study included consecutive patients above the age of 18, who underwent coronary angiography. FT, RD, and CV after each procedure were retrospectively recorded. Multivariate models were used to demonstrate the effect of these complementary studies and other factors, on radiation and contrast exposure. A total of 1047 patients were included, 74.5% were men and the mean (SD) age was 62.4 (12.1) years. Complementary studies performed were: IVUS (n = 237), FFR (n = 56) and OCT (n = 37). FFR and IVUS had a small effect on FT (η = 0.008 B = 2.2, p < 0.001; η = 0.009, B = 2.5, p < 0.001), while OCT had no effect (η = 0.002 B = 2.9, p < 0.183). IVUS, FFR and OCT had no effect on the RD. IVUS did not affect contrast volume (η = 0.002 B = 9.4, p < 0.163) while OCT and FFR had a small effect on CV (η = 0.006 B = 39, p < 0.01; η = 0.008 B = 37, p < 0.003). The number of placed stents had a significant effect on FT (η = 0.192, Β = 4.2, p < 0.001), RD (η = 0.129, Β = 511.8, p < 0.001) and CV (η = 0.177, Β = 40.5, p < 0.001). The use of complementary studies in hemodynamics did not modify the received RD and had a minor effect on FT and the CV used.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of four cassava cultivars to drought stress
Authors: Zhu Yanmei , Luo Xinglu , Nawaz Gul , Yin Jingjing , Yang Jingni 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe antioxidant mechanism is crucial for resisting oxidative damage induced by drought stress in plants. Different antioxidant mechanisms may contribute to the tolerance of cassava to drought stress, but for a specific genotype, the response is still unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant response and physiological changes of four cassava genotypes under water stress conditions, by keeping the soil moisture content as 80% (control), 50% (medium), 20% (severe) of field capacity for a week. Genotypes RS01 and SC124 were keeping higher relative water content (RWC) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and less affected by oxidative stress than SC205 and GR4 under drought stress. RS01 just showed slight membrane damage and oxidative stress even under severe drought conditions. A principal component analysis showed that cassava plant water status was closely related to the antioxidant mechanism. Antioxidant response in genotypes RS01 and SC124 under drought stress might attribute to the increased accumulation of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, which explained by the up-regulation of Mn-SOD and CAT genes. However, Genotypes SC205 and GR4 mainly depended on the accumulation of total phenolics (TP) and increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity, which attribute to the up-regulation of the GR gene. Our findings could provide vital knowledge for refining the tactics of cultivation and molecular breeding with drought avoidance in cassava.
Behavioural risk factors and healthy life expectancy: evidence from two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the US
Authors: Zaninotto Paola , Head Jenny , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examined whether the co-occurrence of four behavioural risk factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity) is associated with disability-free and chronic disease-free life expectancy similarly in two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the United States. Data were from 17,351 individuals aged 50+ from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and, 10,388 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), from 2002 to 2013. Disability-free life expectancy was estimated using repeat measures of limitations with instrumental activities and activities of daily living and, chronic disease-free life expectancy was based on chronic health conditions. Multistate life table models were used to estimate sex-specific health expectancy at the ages of 50, 60 and 70. In both countries and at all ages, there was a clear gradient towards shorter health expectancy with increasing number of behavioural risk factors. Compared to people with 2+ behavioural risk factors, in both countries, those with no behavioural risk factors could expect to live up to 11 years longer without disability and, up to 12 years longer without chronic conditions. Individual and co-occurring behavioural risk factors were strongly associated with shorter healthy life expectancy in both countries, attesting to the robustness of the contribution of lifestyle factors on health expectancy.
Prediction of Intracranial Aneurysm Risk using Machine Learning
Authors: Heo Jaehyuk , Park Sang Jun , Kang Si-Hyuck , Oh Chang Wan , Bang Jae Seung , Kim Tackeun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient method for identifying subjects at high risk of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) is warranted to provide adequate radiological screening guidelines and effectively allocate medical resources. We developed a model for pre-diagnosis IA prediction using a national claims database and health examination records. Data from the National Health Screening Program in Korea were utilized as input for several machine learning algorithms: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), scalable tree boosting system (XGB), and deep neural networks (DNN). Algorithm performance was evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) using different test data from that employed for model training. Five risk groups were classified in ascending order of risk using model prediction probabilities. Incidence rate ratios between the lowest- and highest-risk groups were then compared. The XGB model produced the best IA risk prediction (AUROC of 0.765) and predicted the lowest IA incidence (3.20) in the lowest-risk group, whereas the RF model predicted the highest IA incidence (161.34) in the highest-risk group. The incidence rate ratios between the lowest- and highest-risk groups were 49.85, 35.85, 34.90, and 30.26 for the XGB, LR, DNN, and RF models, respectively. The developed prediction model can aid future IA screening strategies.
Anti-CD81 antibodies reduce migration of activated T lymphocytes and attenuate mouse experimental colitis
Authors: Hasezaki Takuya , Yoshima Tadahiko , Mine Yukiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunological disease associated with CD4+T cell activation in the intestines. CD81 is a regulator of the immune system with multiple biological functions. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the contribution of CD81 to IBD pathophysiology and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD81 antibodies. Expression of CD81 was increased on activated T cellsin vitroand in colitic micein vivo. Therapeutic effects of anti-CD81 antibodies on colitic symptoms and inflammation were evaluated in mice with colitis, including long-term effects of the antibodies. Treatment with anti-CD81 antibodies improved colitis scores, reduced colon shortening, decreased loss of body weight, and resulted in fewer pathological changes of the colon in colitic mice. Moreover, the increased inflammatory markers in the blood of colitic mice were decreased by anti-CD81 antibodies. The anti-CD81 antibody treatment had long-lasting therapeutic effects on colitic mice, even after cessation of treatment. Two different clones of the anti-mouse CD81 antibody were also effective in mice with colitis. Furthermore, anti-CD81 antibodies reduced migration of CD4+T cells both in colitic mice andin vitro. Thus, CD81 contributes to IBD pathology and treatment with anti-CD81 antibodies may be a potential novel therapy for IBD patients.
Rotavirus A shedding and HBGA host genetic susceptibility in a birth community-cohort, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014–2018
Authors: Cantelli Carina Pacheco , Velloso Alvaro Jorge , Assis Rosane Maria Santos de , Barros José Júnior , Mello Francisco Campello do Amaral , Cunha Denise Cotrim da , Brasil Patricia , Nordgren Johan , Svensson Lennart , Miagostovich Marize Pereira , Leite José Paulo Gagliardi , Moraes Marcia Terezinha Baroni de 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent studies have investigated whether the human histo-blood group antigen (HBGAs) could affect the effectiveness of the oral rotavirus vaccines, suggesting secretor positive individuals develop a more robust response. We investigated the Rotavirus A (RVA) shedding in association with the host susceptibility profile in children from a birth community-cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. A total of 132 children were followed-up between 0 to 11-month-old, stool samples were collected before/after the 1st/2ndRV1 vaccination doses and saliva samples were collected during the study. RVA shedding was screened by RT-qPCR and G/P genotypes determined by multiplex RT-PCR and/or Sanger nucleotide sequencing. The sequencing indicated an F167L amino acid change in the RV1 VP8* P[8] in 20.5% of shedding follow-ups and these mutant subpopulations were quantified by pyrosequencing. The HBGA/secretor status was determined and 80.3% of the children were secretors. Twenty-oneFUT2gene SNPs were identified and two new mutations were observed. The mutant F167L RV1 VP8* P[8] was detected significantly more in Le (a+b+) secretors (90.5%) compared to non-secretors and even to secretors Le (a−b+) (9.5%). The study highlights the probable association between RV1 shedding and HBGAs as a marker for evaluating vaccine strain host susceptibility.
Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of in vitro cultured Nidularium procerum, a bromeliad vulnerable to extinction
Authors: Gollo André Luiz , Tanobe Valcineide O. A. , de Melo Pereira Gilberto Vinícius , Marin Oranys , Bonatto Sandro José Ribeiro , Silva Suzany , de Barros Ivan Ricardo , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study reports the first phytochemical and biological characterization in treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) of extracts fromNidularium procerum, an endemic bromeliad of Atlantic Forest vulnerable to extinction. Extracts of dry leaves obtained fromin vitro-grown plants were recovered by different extraction methods,viz., hexanoic, ethanolic, and hot and cold aqueous. Chromatography–based metabolite profiling and chemical reaction methods revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, lipids, vitamins, among other antioxidant and antitumor biomolecules. Eicosanoic and tricosanoic acids, α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and scutellarein were, for the first time, described in theNidulariumgroup. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts contained the highest phenolic content (107.3 mg of GAE.100 g−1) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively. The immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities of aqueous extracts were assessed using specific tests of murine macrophages modulation (RAW 264.7) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, respectively. The aqueous extract improved cell adhesion and phagocytic activities and phagolysossomal formation of murine macrophages. This constitutes new data on the Bromeliaceae family, which should be better exploited to the production of new phytomedicines for pharmacological uses.
Impact of Kidney Donor Profile Index Scores on Post-Transplant Clinical Outcomes Between Elderly and Young Recipients, A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Park Woo Yeong , Kim Jeong Ho , Ko Eun Jung , Min Ji-Won , Ban Tae Hyun , Yoon Hye-Eun , Kim Young Soo , Jin Kyubok , Yang Chul Woo , Han Seungyeup , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated if clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation (KT) from deceased donors (DDs) with high Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) can be different according to the age of KT recipients (KTRs). Six-hundred fifty-seven KTRs from 526 DDs were included from four transplant centers. We divided KTRs into elderly-KTR and young-KTR groups based on age 60 and each group was subdivided into high- or low-KDPI subgroup based on KDPI score of 65%. We compared short-term and long-term clinical outcomes among those four subgroups (low KDPI-young KTR, low KDPI-elderly-KTR, high KDPI-young-KTR, high KDPI-elderly-KTR). In short-term outcomes including acute rejection, BK virus and CMV infection, there was no significant difference among the four subgroups. In the long-term outcomes, the development of cardiovascular disease was higher in the high KDPI-elderly-KTR group than the other groups. In comparison of allograft survival rate, the high KDPI-young KTR subgroup showed highest risk for allograft failure and there was significant interaction between high-KDPI donors and young-KTR on allograft survival rate (P = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in comparison of the patient survival rate. In conclusion, clinical impact of high-KDPI in DDs on post-transplant allograft survival may be less significant in elderly-KTR than in young-KTR.
PENet—a scalable deep-learning model for automated diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using volumetric CT imaging
Authors: Huang Shih-Cheng , Kothari Tanay , Banerjee Imon , Chute Chris , Ball Robyn L. , Borus Norah , Huang Andrew , Patel Bhavik N. , Rajpurkar Pranav , Irvin Jeremy , Dunnmon Jared , Bledsoe Joseph , Shpanskaya Katie , Dhaliwal Abhay , Zamanian Roham , Ng Andrew Y. , Lungren Matthew P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening clinical problem and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment are critical to avoid high morbidity and mortality rates, yet PE remains among the diagnoses most frequently missed or delayed. In this study, we developed a deep learning model—PENet, to automatically detect PE on volumetric CTPA scans as an end-to-end solution for this purpose. The PENet is a 77-layer 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) pretrained on the Kinetics-600 dataset and fine-tuned on a retrospective CTPA dataset collected from a single academic institution. The PENet model performance was evaluated in detecting PE on data from two different institutions: one as a hold-out dataset from the same institution as the training data and a second collected from an external institution to evaluate model generalizability to an unrelated population dataset. PENet achieved an AUROC of 0.84 [0.82–0.87] on detecting PE on the hold out internal test set and 0.85 [0.81–0.88] on external dataset. PENet also outperformed current state-of-the-art 3D CNN models. The results represent successful application of an end-to-end 3D CNN model for the complex task of PE diagnosis without requiring computationally intensive and time consuming preprocessing and demonstrates sustained performance on data from an external institution. Our model could be applied as a triage tool to automatically identify clinically important PEs allowing for prioritization for diagnostic radiology interpretation and improved care pathways via more efficient diagnosis.
Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes melanoma to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic mouse models
Authors: Waaler Jo , Mygland Line , Tveita Anders , Strand Martin Frank , Solberg Nina Therese , Olsen Petter Angell , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Fauskanger Marte , Lund Kaja , Brinch Shoshy Alam , Lycke Max , Dybing Elisabeth , Nygaard Vegard , Bøe Sigurd Læines , Heintz Karen-Marie , Hovig Eivind , Hammarström Clara , Corthay Alexandre , Krauss Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients fail to respond to checkpoint pathway blockade. Evidence for WNT/β-catenin signaling-mediated immune evasion is found in a subset of cancers including melanoma. Currently, there are no therapeutic strategies available for targeting WNT/β-catenin signaling. Here we show that a specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor, G007-LK, decreases WNT/β-catenin and YAP signaling in the syngeneic murine B16-F10 and Clone M-3 melanoma models and sensitizes the tumors to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the synergistic effect of tankyrase and checkpoint inhibitor treatment is dependent on loss of β-catenin in the tumor cells, anti-PD-1-stimulated infiltration of T cells into the tumor and induction of an IFNγ- and CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Our study uncovers a combinatorial therapeutical strategy using tankyrase inhibition to overcome β-catenin-mediated resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.
The feather degradation mechanisms of a new Streptomyces sp. isolate SCUT-3
Authors: Li Zhi-Wei , Liang Shuang , Ke Ye , Deng Jun-Jin , Zhang Ming-Shu , Lu De-Lin , Li Jia-Zhou , Luo Xiao-Chun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFeather waste is the highest protein-containing resource in nature and is poorly reused. Bioconversion is widely accepted as a low-cost and environmentally benign process, but limited by the availability of safe and highly efficient feather degrading bacteria (FDB) for its industrial-scale fermentation. Excessive focuses on keratinase and limited knowledge of other factors have hindered complete understanding of the mechanisms employed by FDB to utilize feathers and feather cycling in the biosphere. Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3 can efficiently degrade feather to products with high amino acid content, useful as a nutrition source for animals, plants and microorganisms. Using multiple omics and other techniques, we reveal how SCUT-3 turns on its feather utilization machinery, including its colonization, reducing agent and protease secretion, peptide/amino acid importation and metabolism, oxygen consumption and iron uptake, spore formation and resuscitation, and so on. This study would shed light on the feather utilization mechanisms of FDBs.