bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐locus DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the sandfly subgenus Evandromyia (Aldamyia)
Authors: Rodrigues B. L. , Baton L. A. , Shimabukuro P. H. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSandfly specimens from the subgenus Evandromyia (Aldamyia) Galati, 2003 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) were collected between 2012 and 2019 from nine localities in seven Brazilian states, morphologically‐identified, and then DNA barcoded by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coi) gene. Forty‐four new barcode sequences generated from 10 morphospecies were combined with 49 previously published sequences from the same subgenus and analysed using sequence‐similarity methods (best‐match criteria) to assess their ability at specimen identification, while four different species delimitation methods (ABGD, GMYC, PTP and TCS) were used to infer molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Overall, seven of the 11 morphospecies analysed were congruent with both the well‐supported clades identified by phylogenetic analysis and the MOTUs inferred by species delimitation, while the remaining four morphospecies – E. carmelinoi, E. evandroi, E. lenti and E. piperiformis – were merged into a single well‐supported clade/MOTU. Although E. carmelinoi, E. evandroi and E. lenti were indistinguishable using coi DNA barcodes, E. piperiformis did form a distinct phylogenetic cluster and could be correctly identified using best‐match criteria. Despite their apparent morphological differences, we propose on the basis of the molecular similarity of their DNA barcodes that these latter four morphospecies should be considered members of a recently‐diverged species complex.
Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and The Third Man Argument
Authors: Fehr René Ardell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Third Man argument, as it originated in Plato's Parmenides, is unjustly read into Aristotle. The Parmenides argument is briefly examined, followed by an analysis of the relevant Aristotelian texts, with a special emphasis on the commentary of Thomas Aquinas. Three different versions of Aristotle's Third Man argument are identified, of which none contain the essential infinite regress that characterizes the Parmenides argument. Finally, current scholarship on the Third Man argument, especially as it pertains to Aristotle, is reviewed. In this respect, I note that the overwhelming tendency has been to identify Aristotle's Third Man argument with that of the Parmenides, in spite of the fact that Aristotle only once articulates his version of the Third Man argument, and that this articulation is vastly different from its Parmenides counterpart. I conclude that contemporary Third Man scholarship must take this into account.
From the Field to the Laboratory: The Theory‐Practice Research of Peter J. Carnevale
Authors: Putnam Linda L. , Olekalns Mara , Conlon Donald E. , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs colleagues and collaborators, we reflect on the work and legacy of Peter Carnevale, currently professor at the University of Southern California, and recipient of the 2002 Jeffrey Z. Rubin Theory‐to‐Practice Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM). We review Carnevale’s main contributions, including his work on time pressure and surveillance, strategies for mediation, emotions in negotiation, and the use and integration of distinct methods for studying conflict and negotiation. We share personal anecdotes from our time as PhD students and collaborators with Peter Carnevale, and we touch on lessons learned for doing science and mentoring the next generation.
Oral cancer stem cells drive tumourigenesis through activation of stromal fibroblasts
Authors: Al‐Magsoosi Mohanad J. N. , Lambert Daniel W. , Ali Khurram Syed , Whawell Simon A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cells are responsible for tumour progression and chemoresistance. Fibroblasts surrounding a tumour also promote progression and fibroblast “activation” is an independent prognostic marker in oral cancer. Cancer stem cells may therefore promote tumourigenesis through communication with stromal fibroblasts.MethodsCancer stem cells were isolated from oral cancer cell lines by adherence to fibronectin or cisplatin resistance. Fibroblasts were exposed to conditioned medium from these cells, and the activation markers, alpha smooth muscle actin and interleukin‐6, were assessed using qPCR and immunofluorescence. Stem cell markers and smooth muscle actin were examined in oral cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry.ResultsAdherent and chemoresistant cells expressed increased levels of stem cell markers CD24, CD44 and CD29 compared with unsorted cells. Adherent cells exhibited lower growth rate, higher colony forming efficiency and increased cisplatin resistance than unsorted cells. Smooth muscle actin and Interleukin‐6 expression were increased in fibroblasts exposed to conditioned medium. In oral cancer tissue, there was a positive correlation between expression of αSMA and stem cell markers.ConclusionsAdherence to fibronectin and chemoresistance isolates stem‐like cells that can activate fibroblasts, which together with a correlation between markers of both in vivo, provides a mechanism by which such cells drive tumourigenesis.
Sequence and characterization of shuttle vectors for molecular cloning in Porphyromonas, Bacteroides and related bacteria
Authors: Jones Kevin R. , Belvin Benjamin Ross , Macrina Francis L. , Lewis Janina P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of shuttle vectors to be needed for investigations into the genetics of Porphyromonas gingivalis and related species. To better understand the prevalence of candidates for such tools, we have examined multiple strains of black‐pigmented anaerobes (clinical and laboratory isolates) for plasmids. As no plasmids were found in P. gingivalis strains, we have used the pYH420 plasmid, derived from P. asaccharolytica, as backbone to construct a shuttle vector in combination with pUC19 from Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence determination of the pYH420 plasmid revealed that it contained a gene with similarity to rep from plasmid pTS1 (isolated from Treponema denticola) as well as a homolog of mobA, a member of a gene family found on mobilizable genetic elements found in the genus Bacteroides. We constructed the pG106 and pG108 shuttle vectors using parts of the pUC19 and pYH420 vectors. This resulted in a vector with a multiple cloning site (MCS) in the lacZ gene enabling us to perform blue–white colony selection. The pG106 and pG108 shuttle vectors are electro‐transformable into E. coli, P. gingivalis and B. thetaiotaomicron, where they are stable. We demonstrated that these vectors were suitable in these species for applications of molecular cloning including complementation and gene expression studies. Using the pG108 vector, we complement the hcpR mutant strain of P. gingivalis and rescued its

‐sensitive phenotype. We also performed a gene expression study using the P‐glow BS2 fluorescent reporter gene and the ahpC promoter in B. thetaiotaomicron.
Do More Options Always Benefit the Users of Public Services? An Experimental Study of School Choice, Performance, and Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Ivan P. , Jilke Sebastian , James Oliver 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen an increase in choice of provider in many public services, including education. Proponents of provider choice suggest that it increases users' satisfaction. However, insights from the psychology of choice overload suggest that too much choice can be detrimental. The authors use a survey experiment to investigate the effect of provider choice on parents' satisfaction with schools (under performance declines and increases). The findings show that choice increases satisfaction and perceptions of fairness of the process compared with no choice. However, consistent with choice overload, increasing the number of options does not boost satisfaction. The findings have important implications for satisfaction as a measure of performance, because user satisfaction seems not to be independent of choice processes. This suggests lessons for designing delivery systems: although facilitating minimal user choice is preferable to having no choice, further increasing delivery options may not increase users' satisfaction.
Lipopolysaccharide‐responsive beige‐like anchor acts as a cAMP‐dependent protein kinase anchoring protein in B cells
Authors: Moreno‐Corona Nidia Carolina , Lopez‐Ortega Orestes , Flores Hermenegildo Jose Mizael , Berron‐Ruiz Laura , Rodriguez‐Alba Juan Carlos , Santos‐Argumedo Leopoldo , Lopez‐Herrera Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐responsive beige‐like anchor (LRBA) protein was initially described as a monogenetic cause for common variable immune deficiency, a syndrome characterized by low levels of B cells, defects in memory B cell differentiation and hypogammaglobulinaemia. LRBA was identified as an LPS up‐regulated gene in B cells, macrophages and T cells. LRBA weighs 320 kDa and has 2863 amino acids. Its sequence contains multiple domains, suggesting that LRBA can act as a scaffolding protein. It contains two putative binding sites for cAMP‐dependent kinase (PKA) regulatory subunits, suggesting this protein can act as A‐kinase anchor protein (AKAP); however, physical interactions involving LRBA and PKA have not been demonstrated to date, and functional roles for such interactions are unexplored. In this work, we investigated physical interactions involving LRBA with regulatory subunits of PKA in human B cell lines and primary human B cells. PKA is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits, which can be RIα, RIβ, RIIα or RIIβ, and two catalytic subunits, Cα or Cβ. We co‐immunoprecipitated LRBA using Ramos B cell lymphoma cells and observed that LRBA interacts with RIIβ. Interestingly, St‐Ht31, an inhibitory peptide that disrupts AKAP interactions with regulatory subunits, reduced the amount of interacting protein. Furthermore, in primary human B cells, LRBA was induced after CD40L and IL‐4 stimulation, and under such activation, we found that LRBA interacts with RIIα and RIIβ, suggesting that LRBA acts as an AKAP and binds RII subunits. Interestingly, we also identified that LRBA interacts with activation‐induced cytidine deaminase in primary B cells, suggesting that it is involved in B cell function.
Perioperative intensive glycemic control for liver transplant recipients to prevent surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Ramon Antônio , Poveda Vanessa de Brito , Tanner Judith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical Site Infections (SSIs) are common among liver transplant recipients and result in adverse patient outcomes. Standard glycemic control is effective in reducing SSIs. Some studies suggest intensive glycemic control reduces the risk of SSI further.MethodsFor this systematic review, were searched for studies comparing perioperative intensive and standard glycemic control in liver transplant recipients. Clinical trials registries and reference lists of included studies were also searched. No date or language restrictions were applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE method. Cohort studies were assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.ResultsTwo RCTs and three cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Low‐quality evidence from the two RCTs in a meta‐analysis with 264 recipients found it was uncertain whether the risk of SSI was reduced by having intensive glycemic control (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.52, 95% CI 0.66‐3.51). However, there was an increased risk of hypoglycemia among recipients having intensive glycemic control (RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.40‐3.92) n = 264. Meta‐analyses found it uncertain whether secondary outcomes, allograft rejection and death, were reduced among recipients having intensive glycemic control; (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.48‐1.50) and (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.44‐1.95), respectively. The two cohort studies were poor quality and presented conflicting outcomes on the effects of intensive blood glucose control on SSI.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of intensive glycemic control among liver transplant recipients to reduce SSIs.
Plant breeding involving genetic engineering does not result in unacceptable unintended effects in rice relative to conventional cross‐breeding
Authors: Liu Qingsong , Yang Xiaowei , Tzin Vered , Peng Yufa , Romeis Jörg , Li Yunhe 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYAdvancements in ‐omics techniques provide powerful tools to assess the potential effects in composition of a plant at the RNA, protein and metabolite levels. These technologies can thus be deployed to assess whether genetic engineering (GE) causes changes in plants that go beyond the changes introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of transcriptome and metabolome modification occurring in leaves of four GE rice lines expressing Bacillus thuringiensis genes developed by GE and seven rice lines developed by conventional cross‐breeding. The results showed that both types of crop breeding methods can bring changes at transcriptomic and metabolic levels, but the differences were comparable between the two methods, and were less than those between conventional non‐GE lines were. Metabolome profiling analysis found several new metabolites in GE rice lines when compared with the closest non‐GE parental lines, but these compounds were also found in several of the conventionally bred rice lines. Functional analyses suggest that the differentially expressed genes and metabolites caused by both GE and conventional cross‐breeding do not involve detrimental metabolic pathways. The study successfully employed RNA‐sequencing and high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology to assess the unintended changes in new rice varieties, and the results suggest that GE does not cause unintended effects that go beyond conventional cross‐breeding in rice.
Do immigrants’ funds affect the exchange rate?
Authors: Aziz Nusrate , Cooray Arusha , Teo Wing Leong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing annual data over 1966–2014 from the Citizenship and Immigration statistics archives of Canada and constructing a time series for the funds brought into Canada by immigrants, we investigate whether these funds affect the exchange rate of Canada. We employ the ARDL bound testing (Pesaran and Shin, Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century: The Ragnar Frisch centennial symposium. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1999), dynamic OLS (Stock and Watson, Econometrica, 1993, 61, 783) approaches to cointegration. 2SLS and GMM methods are also applied to estimate the portfolio balance models of the exchange rate. Estimated results indicate a long‐run relation between immigrants’ funds and the exchange rate with immigrants' funds leading to a significant appreciation of the exchange rate in Canada. These results are robust to different estimation methods and an alternative proxy measure for the funds brought into Canada by immigrants.
Perception of small animal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of owners presenting to a small animal teaching clinic including a large first opinion service
Authors: Oberholtzer Jennifer A. , Hofmeister Erik H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo gather information from veterinary clients to better understand and gauge the knowledge level and perception of small animal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in an academic veterinary hospital.DesignProspective cross‐sectional survey.SettingA veterinary teaching hospital including a large first opinion service.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsAn anonymous survey was developed to gauge the knowledge of veterinary clients on a variety of CPR related topics at a university veterinary hospital. Surveys were randomly distributed to a convenience sample of clients in the waiting room through the client services staff between October 2017 and March 2018. Of the 451 surveys distributed, 296 were used for the statistical analysis. The majority of respondents (92%) knew the appropriate definition of CPR but only 11% knew how to perform CPR on a dog or cat. Most respondents (82%) wanted to discuss their pet's CPR status at a veterinary visit. The mean ± SD estimate of rate of discharge from hospital after cardiac arrest was 39.4 ± 25.6% and the majority of respondents (202 [68%]) got their estimate from an educated guess. The respondents who elected CPR that day provided an estimated cost of 257 ± 365 USD while the respondents who elected not to have CPR provided an estimated cost of 491 ± 875 USD; P = 0.019. The respondents that watched television medical dramas estimated a higher rate of survival to discharge at 42 ± 25%, while people who did not watch television medical dramas provided an estimated survival rate of 35 ± 26%; P = 0.034.ConclusionsInaccurate perceptions regarding CPR and survival rates exist among the general public; however, respondents are interested in becoming better informed.
Evidence for age‐related differences in heat acclimatisation responsiveness
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Meade Robert D. , Akerman Ashley P. , Poirier Martin P. , Boulay Pierre , Sigal Ronald J. , Flouris Andreas D. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Repeated heat exposure during the summer months can enhance heat loss in humans (seasonal heat acclimatisation), but does the magnitude of that enhancement differ between young and older adults when assessed during passive heat exposure?

What is the main finding and its importance?
While seasonal heat acclimatisation enhanced evaporative heat loss (i.e. sweating) in both young and older adults, those improvements led to a greater reduction in body heat storage in older adults. These outcomes indicate that heat acclimatisation may confer greater thermoregulatory benefits with increasing age.

AbstractRepeated heat exposure throughout summer can enhance heat loss in humans (seasonal heat acclimatisation), although the effect of ageing on those improvements remains unclear. We therefore sought to assess thermoregulatory function in young and older adults during environmental heat exposure prior to and following seasonal heat acclimatisation, hypothesizing that the magnitude of adaptation would be greater in older relative to young adults. To achieve this, 14 young (19–27 years) and 10 older adults (55–72 years), who resided in a temperate humid‐continental climate, completed a 3 h resting heat exposure (44°C, ∼30% relative humidity) in the winter–spring months as part of a larger investigation (pre‐acclimatisation), before being re‐evaluated using the same heat stress test following the summer months (post‐acclimatisation). Whole‐body dry and evaporative heat exchange, and metabolic rate were measured throughout using direct and indirect calorimetry (respectively), and used to quantify body heat storage (metabolic rate + dry heat gain – evaporative heat loss). Evaporative heat loss increased in both groups following acclimatisation, but those improvements led to a decrease in body heat storage in older (mean difference (95% CI); 213 (295, 131) kJ; P < 0.001), but not young adults (−25 (−94, 44) kJ; P = 0.458). Thus, body heat storage was greater in older compared to young adults before (222 (123, 314) kJ; P < 0.001), but not following acclimatisation (34 (−55, 123) kJ; P = 0.433). Although there is a need for larger and more controlled confirmatory studies, our findings indicate that seasonal heat acclimatisation may induce greater thermoregulatory adaptation in older compared to young adults.
Simultaneous Extraction of Multiple Parameters From a Transmit–Receive Eddy Current Probe Above a Layered Planar Conductive Structure
Authors: Luloff Mark S. , Contant Stephane , Morelli Jordan , Krause Thomas W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A validated analytical model of a transmit–receive coil pair situated above two parallel plates, separated by an air gap, was used as the basis for an inversion algorithm (IA) to extract probe liftoff, second layer plate resistivity, and plate-to-plate gap from multi-frequency eddy current data. The IA was tested over a large range of first layer wall thickness (3.80–4.64 mm), second layer plate resistivity (1.7–174 µΩ cm), second layer wall thickness (1.20–4.85 mm), probe liftoff (2.8–7.9 mm), and plate-to-plate gap (0–13.3 mm). At nominal liftoff (2.8 mm), the IA achieved a gap measurement accuracy of ±0.7 mm and was able to return good estimates of the second layer resistivity within ±1 μΩ cm for low resistivity samples, but with decreasing accuracy for higher resistivities. When the gap was fixed, the IA was able to measure changes in probe liftoff (relative to nominal) to an accuracy of ±0.2 mm. The reported accuracy and a demonstration for the ability to accurately estimate parameters outside of the calibration range provide confidence in the potential utility of the algorithm.
A Note on the Effects of Local Blockage and Dynamic Tuning on Tidal Turbine Performance
Authors: Chen Lei , Bonar Paul A.J. , Vogel Christopher R. , Adcock Thomas A.A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulations are used to explore the potential for local blockage effects and dynamic tuning strategies to enhance the performance of turbines in tidal channels. Full- and partial-width arrays of turbines, modeled using the volume-flux-constrained actuator disc and blade element momentum theories, are embedded within a two-dimensional channel with a naturally low ratio of drag to inertial forces. For steady flow, the local blockage effect observed by varying the cross-stream spacing between the turbines is found to agree very well with the predictions of the two-scale actuator disc theory of Nishino and Willden (2012, “The Efficiency of an Array of Tidal Turbines Partially Blocking a Wide Channel,” J. Fluid Mech., 708, pp. 596–606). For oscillatory flow, however, results show that, consistent with the findings of Bonar et al. (2019, “On the Arrangement of Tidal Turbines in Rough and Oscillatory Channel Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 865, pp. 790–810), the shorter and more highly blocked arrays produce considerably more power than predicted by two-scale theory. Results also show that, consistent with the findings of Vennell (2016, “An Optimal Tuning Strategy for Tidal Turbines,” Proc. R. Soc. A, 472(2195), p. 20160047), the “dynamic” tuning strategy, in which the tuning of the turbines is varied over the tidal cycle, can only produce significantly more power than a temporally fixed turbine tuning if the array has a large number of turbine rows or a large local blockage ratio. For all cases considered, trends are consistent between the two turbine representations but the effects of local blockage and dynamic tuning are found to be much less significant for the more realistic tidal rotor than for the idealized actuator disc.