bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID-19
Authors: Katz Jeffrey M. , Libman Richard B. , Wang Jason J. , Sanelli Pina , Filippi Christopher G. , Gribko Michele , Pacia Steven V. , Kuzniecky Ruben I. , Najjar Souhel , Azhar Salman 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) evolved quickly into a global pandemic with myriad systemic complications, including stroke. We report the largest case series to date of cerebrovascular complications of COVID-19 and compare with stroke patients without infection.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of COVID-19 patients with imaging-confirmed stroke, treated at 11 hospitals in New York, between March 14 and April 26, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and outcome data were collected, and cases were compared with date-matched controls without COVID-19 from 1 year prior.

Results:

Eighty-six COVID-19–positive stroke cases were identified (mean age, 67.4 years; 44.2% women). Ischemic stroke (83.7%) and nonfocal neurological presentations (67.4%) predominated, commonly involving multivascular distributions (45.8%) with associated hemorrhage (20.8%). Compared with controls (n=499), COVID-19 was associated with in-hospital stroke onset (47.7% versus 5.0%;
P
<0.001), mortality (29.1% versus 9.0%;
P
<0.001), and Black/multiracial race (58.1% versus 36.9%;
P
=0.001). COVID-19 was the strongest independent risk factor for in-hospital stroke (odds ratio, 20.9 [95% CI, 10.4–42.2];
P
<0.001), whereas COVID-19, older age, and intracranial hemorrhage independently predicted mortality.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for stroke in hospitalized patients and mortality, and stroke presentations are frequently atypical.
Lichens in al-Biruni’s Kitab al-Saydanah fi al-Tibb
Authors: Yavuz Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lichens are understood to be symbiotic organisms consisting of mycobiont and photobiont partners. This mutual partnership results in the production of unique secondary metabolites, which are used in contemporary pharmacy and medicine. The purpose of this study is to explore the uses of lichens in a particular period of medieval pharmacology: it retraced the relevant Arabic terms for, and descriptions of, lichens in the Kitab al-Saydanah fi al-Tibb, the “Book of Pharmacy in Medicine” written by Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973-1048). It will be shown that al-Biruni used اشنة (ushnah) for naming epiphytic lichens and حزاز الصخر (hazaz al-sakhr) for saxicolous ones. The information about lichens transmitted in his text is in accordance with that of his contemporary Ibn Sina, the famous physician and philosopher. In that period, the study, transmission and updating of the legacy of Antiquity promoted and influenced the use of lichens in Arabic and Islamic pharmacology and medicine.
CSO s in Sustainable Development in Ethiopia: Past Practices and New Trajectories
Authors: Broeckhoven Nicky , Gidey Desta G/Michael , Reda Kelemework Tafere , Townsend Dina , Verschuuren Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We researched how CSO s working in the area of sustainable development responded to regulatory restrictions on advocacy work using Ethiopia as a case study. We found that the restrictive laws had a severe impact: many CSO s had to shut down or limit their operational capacity to service delivery only. Those that survived continued to do advocacy work, disguised as service delivery. This shows that northern stakeholders should not adhere to a strict division between advocacy and service delivery in their funding policy. They also should focus on long-term CSO engagement and long-term CSO funding. In 2019, regulatory reform reopened political space to some extent. The new law envisions a greater role for self-regulation in the civil society sector while still maintaining some degree of State oversight through registration, reporting and funding allocation requirements. Despite these improvements, the sector is still in need of international support and consistent and reliable funding.
Exploring Localized Muscle Fatigue Responses at Current Upper-Extremity Ergonomics Threshold Limit Values
Authors: Abdel-Malek Daniel M. , Foley Ryan C. A. , Wakeely Fahima , Graham Jeffrey D. , La Delfa Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate localized muscle fatigue responses at three upper-extremity ergonomics threshold limit value (TLV) duty cycles. Background Recently, a TLV equation was published to help mitigate excessive development of localized muscle fatigue in repetitive upper limb tasks. This equation predicts acceptable levels of maximal voluntary contraction (% MVC) for a given duty cycle (DC). Experimental validation of this TLV curve has not yet been reported, which can help guide utilization by practitioners. Method Eighteen participants performed intermittent isometric elbow flexion efforts, in three separate counter-balanced sessions, at workloads defined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists’ (ACGIH) TLV equation: low DC (20% DC, 29.6% MVC), medium DC (40% DC, 19.7% MVC), and high DC (60% DC, 13.9% MVC). Targeted localized muscle fatigue (LMF) of the biceps brachii was tracked across numerous response variables, including decline in strength (MVC), electromyography (EMG) amplitude and mean power frequency (MnPF), and several psychophysical ratings. Results At task completion, biceps MnPF and MVC (strength) were significantly different between each TLV workload, with the high DC condition eliciting the largest declines in MnPF and MVC. Conclusion Findings demonstrate that working at different DCs along the ACGIH TLV curve may not be equivalent in preventing excessive LMF. Higher DC workloads elicited a greater LMF response across several response variables. Application High DC work of the upper extremity should be avoided to mitigate excess LMF development. Current TLVs for repetitive upper-extremity work may overestimate acceptable relative contraction thresholds, particularly at higher duty cycles.
Education Quality Assessment in China: What We Learned From Official Reports Released in 2018 and 2019
Authors: Yin (殷丹青) Danqing 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This article intended to introduce the recent Chinese compulsory education quality assessment. Design/Approach/Methods: The article summarized education policy documents relevant to the recent Chinese compulsory education quality assessment, especially from the three reports: The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report, The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report on Mathematical Learning, and The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report on Physical Education and Health. Findings: The article examined the development of Chinese education quality assessment in the context of the nation’s pursuit of holistic education. It first reviewed a brief history of the education quality monitoring work in China that bore the fruits of a few recent reports. Second, findings and the framework of the assessment are demonstrated. Finally, I discuss the significance, limitations, and special issues of the assessment. Originality/Value: The article is among the earliest to present findings of the recent quality assessment in Chinese compulsory education in English critically.
Can We Accurately Predict Which Geriatric and Middle-Aged Hip Fracture Patients Will Experience a Delay to Surgery?
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Johnson Joseph R. , Kelly Erin A. , Chan Jeffrey , Lyon Thomas , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: This study sought to investigate whether a validated trauma triage risk assessment tool can predict time to surgery and delay to surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 55 and older who were admitted for operative repair or arthroplasty of a hip fracture over a 3-year period at a single academic institution were included. Risk quartiles were constructed using Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged (STTGMA) calculations. Negative binomial and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate time to surgery and delay to surgery, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were performed to evaluate 30-day mortality rates and demonstrate the effectiveness of the STTGMA tool in triaging mortality risk. Results: Six hundred eleven patients met inclusion criteria with mean age 81.1 ± 10.5 years. Injuries occurred mainly secondary to low-energy mechanisms (97.9%). Median time to surgery (31.9 hours overall) was significantly associated with STTGMA stratification ( P = .002). Moderate-risk patients had 33% longer ( P = .019) and high-risk patients had 28% longer time to surgery ( P = .041) compared to minimal risk patients. Delay to surgery (26.4% overall) was significantly associated with STTGMA stratification ( P = .015). Low-risk patients had 2.14× higher odds ( P = .009), moderate-risk patients had 2.70× higher odds ( P = .001), and high-risk patients had 2.18× higher odds of delay to surgery ( P = .009) compared to minimal risk patients. High-risk patients experienced higher 30-day mortality compared to minimal ( P < .001), low ( P = .046), and moderate-risk patients ( P = .046). Discussion: Patients in higher STTGMA quartiles encountered longer time to surgery, greater operative delays, and higher 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged can quickly identify hip fracture patients at risk for a delay to surgery and may allow treatment teams to optimize surgical timing by proactively targeting these patients. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III.
Mycophenolic acid drug monitoring in patients with systemic sclerosis associated with diffuse skin and/or pulmonary involvement: A monocentric and retrospective French study
Authors: Legendre Paul , Blanchet Benoit , Porcher Raphael , Bérezné Alice , Allard Marie , London Jonathan , Terrier Benjamin , Cohen Pascal , Le Jeunne Claire , Mouthon Luc 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To explore pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship between mycophenolic acid area under the curve and clinical response at 1 year on skin involvement or interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis. Method: Retrospective, monocentric study based on French Scleroderma Database in patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil who experienced a limited sampling strategy to estimate individual mycophenolic acid area under the curve plus two pulmonary function tests and skin evaluation after 1 month and 1 year. Efficacy criterions were variations of modified Rodnan skin score, forced vital capacity, and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide at 1 year. Results: We included 52 patients; mean age was 49 years (range 17–79), and 36 (69%) were females. Fifty patients (96%) had skin sclerosis, 39 (75%) had diffuse skin involvement with a median modified Rodnan skin score of 14 (0–38). Thirty-eight (76%) had interstitial lung disease, with median forced vital capacity and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide of 81% (37–127) and 56% (28–103) from predicted values, respectively. Twenty-five (51%) patients had pulmonary fibrosis. Mycophenolate mofetil was given for 10 months (0–173) at a median dose of 2000 mg/day (500–3000). In the entire population, no relationship was found between area under the curve and modified Rodnan skin score (p = 0.085), forced vital capacity (p = 0.80), or diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (p = 0.72) variations at 1 year. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, we failed to document any relationship between mycophenolic acid area under the curve and skin involvement or interstitial lung disease evolution. Routine monitoring of mycophenolic acid in systemic sclerosis patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil cannot be recommended based on our results.
Adsorption of phosphate by halloysite (7 Å) nanotubes (HNTs)
Authors: Gray-Wannell Nia , Holliman Peter J. , Greenwell H. Christopher , Delbos Evelyne , Hillier Stephen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe adsorption and retention of phosphates in soil systems is of wide environmental importance, and understanding the surface chemistry of halloysite (a common soil clay mineral) is also of prime importance in many emerging technological applications of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The adsorption of phosphate anions on tubular halloysite (7 Å) has been studied to gain a greater understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of adsorption on the surface of HNTs. Two well-characterized tubular halloysites with differing morphologies have been studied: one polygonal prismatic and one cylindrical, where the cylindrical form has a greater surface area and shorter tube length. Greater phosphate adsorption of up to 42 μmol g–1 is observed on the cylindrical halloysite when compared to the polygonal prismatic sample, where adsorption reached a maximum of just 15 μmol g–1 compared to a value for platy kaolinite (KGa-2) of 8 μmol g–1. Phosphate adsorption shows strong pH dependence, and the differences in phosphate sorption between the prismatic and cylindrical morphologies suggest that phosphate absorption does not occur at the same pH-dependent alumina edge sites and that the lumen may have a greater influence on uptake for the cylindrical form.
Simultaneous manipulation of lignin structure and secondary cell wall formation in transgenic poplar
Authors: Nabuqi  , Nuoendagula  , Wu Sejirihu , Takata Naoki , Sakamoto Shingo , Yamamoto Masanobu , Uesugi Mikiko , Déjardin Annabelle , Pilate Gilles , Taniguchi Toru , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Kajita Shinya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing the wood density to a preferred range contributes to upgrading the value of wood as raw material. Lignin manipulation can also improve wood quality. This study attempted to accelerate secondary cell wall formation in transgenic poplar with an altered lignin structure. To achieve this, OsSWN1, a rice master switch for secondary cell wall formation in fiber cells, was overexpressed in poplar plants in which monolignol biosynthesis was suppressed by the expression of an RNA-interference construct targeted to the gene for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1. The generated transgenic poplars successfully overexpressed the chimeric OsSWN1 construct and monolignol biosynthesis remained altered in these plants. Secondary cell wall thickness was increased in the transgenic plants and their wood density was higher compared to the background line. No difference in lignin content was observed, except in one transgenic line. High saccharification characteristics observed in the background line were preserved in the transgenic line with lower OsSWN1 overexpression, but higher OsSWN1 overexpression had a slight negative impact on enzyme saccharification. Our data suggested that fine-tuning of accelerated deposition of the secondary cell wall combined with alteration of monolignol biosynthesis should improve the lignocellulose quality for conventional and future biorefinery uses.
Chloroplast SRP54s are Essential for Chloroplast Development in Rice
Authors: Shi Yongfeng , He Yan , Lv Xiangguang , Wei Yanlin , Zhang Xiaobo , Xu Xia , Li Liangjian , Wu Jian-li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 (cpSRP54) is known for targeting the light-harvesting complex proteins to thylakoids and plays a critical role for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis, but little is known in rice. Here, we reported two homologous cpSRP54s that affect chloroplast development and plant survival in rice.

Results
Two rice cpSRP54 homologues, OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b, were identified in present study. The defective OscpSRP54a (LOC_Os11g05552) was responsible for the pale green leaf phenotype of the viable pale green leaf 14 (pgl14) mutant. A single nucleotide substitution from G to A at the position 278, the first intron splicing site, was detected in LOC_Os11g05552 in pgl14. The wild type allele could rescue the mutant phenotype. Knockout lines of OscpSRP54b (LOC_Os11g05556) exhibited similar pale green phenotype to pgl14 with reduced chlorophyll contents and impaired chloroplast development, but showed apparently arrested-growth and died within 3 weeks. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were constitutively expressed mainly in shoots and leaves at the vegetative growth stage. Subcellular location indicated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were chloroplast-localized. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were able to interact with OscpSRP43, respectively. The transcript level of OscpSRP43 was significantly reduced while the transcript level of OscpSRP54b was apparently increased in pgl14. In contrast, the transcript levels of OscpSRP54a, OscpSRP43 and OscpSRP54b were all significantly decreased in OscpSRP54b knockout lines.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were essential for normal chloroplast development by interacting with OscpSRP43 in rice. OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b might play distinct roles in transporting different chloroplast proteins into thylakoids through cpSRP-mediated pathway.
Sarcopenia is associated with hypertension in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bai Tingting , Fang Fang , Li Feika , Ren Yan , Hu Jiaan , Cao Jiumei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia, particularly low handgrip strength has been observed and correlated in association with hypertension among the older people. However, the results reported in different studies were inconsistent. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the significant association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension in older adults.

Methods
PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 15 November 2019 to retrieve the original research studies that addressed the association between sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and hypertension. All the relevant data were retrieved, analyzed, and summarized.

Results
Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and a total of 21,301 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Eight eligible studies have reported the odd ratios (ORs) of hypertension and sarcopenia, and the ORs ranged from 0.41 to 4.38. When pooled the ORs together, the summarized OR was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) =1.00–1.67]. The summarized OR for the Asian group 1.50 (95% CI = 1.35–1.67) was significantly higher than that of Caucasian group 1.08 (95% CI = 0.39–2.97). Eleven studies have provided the data on association between handgrip strength and hypertension. The overall OR and 95% CI was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.80–1.23), showing no significant association.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia was associated with hypertension, but no correlation was found between handgrip strength and hypertension in older adults.
Conscientious objection to abortion: why it should be a specified legal right for doctors in South Korea
Authors: Kim Claire Junga 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2019, the Constitutional Court of South Korea ruled that the anti-abortion provisions in the Criminal Act, which criminalize abortion, do not conform to the Constitution. This decision will lead to a total reversal of doctors’ legal duty from the obligation to refuse abortion services to their requirement to provide them, given the Medical Service Act that states that a doctor may not refuse a request for treatment or assistance in childbirth. I argue, confined to abortion services in Korea that will take place in the near future, that doctors should be granted the legal right to exercise conscientious objection to abortion.Main textConsidering that doctors in Korea have been ethically and legally obligated to refrain from abortions for many years, imposing a universal legal duty to provide abortions that does not allow exception may endanger the moral integrity of individual doctors who chose a career when abortion was illegal. The universal imposition of such a duty may result in repudiation of doctors as moral agents and damage trust in doctors that forms the basis of medical professionalism. Even if conscientious objection to abortion is granted as a legal right, most patients would experience no impediment to receiving abortion services because the healthcare environment of Korea provides options in which patients can choose their doctors based on prior information, there are many doctors who would be willing to provide an abortion, and Korea is a relatively small country. Finally, the responsibility to effectively balance and guarantee the respective rights of the two agents involved in abortion, the doctor and the patient, should be imposed on the government rather than individual doctors. This assertion is based on the government’s past behaviours, the nature of its relationship with doctors, and the capacity it has to satisfy both doctors’ right to conscientious objection and patients’ right to legal medical services.ConclusionWith regard to abortion services that will be sought in the near future, doctors should be granted the legal right to exercise conscientious objection based on the importance of doctor’s moral integrity, lack of impediment to patients, and government responsibility.
The effect of surgical approach in total hip replacement on outcomes: an analysis of 723,904 elective operations from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man
Authors: Blom Ashley W. , Hunt Linda P. , Matharu Gulraj S. , Reed Michael R. , Whitehouse Michael R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Total hip replacement (THR) is clinically and cost-effective. The surgical approach employed influences the outcome; however, there is little generalisable and robust evidence to guide practice.

Methods
A total of 723,904 primary THRs captured in the National Joint Registry, linked to hospital inpatient, mortality and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) data with up to 13.75 years follow-up, were analysed. There were seven surgical approach groups: conventional posterior, lateral, anterior and trans-trochanteric groups and minimally invasive posterior, lateral and anterior. Survival methods were used to compare revision rates and 90-day mortality. Groups were compared using Cox proportional hazards and Flexible Parametric Survival Modelling (FPM). Confounders included age at surgery, sex, risk group (indications additional to osteoarthritis), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, THR fixation, thromboprophylaxis, anaesthetic, body mass index (BMI) and deprivation. PROMs were analysed with regression modelling or non-parametric methods.

Results
Unadjusted analysis showed a higher revision risk than the referent conventional posterior for the conventional lateral, minimally invasive lateral, minimally invasive anterior and trans-trochanteric groups. This persisted with all adjusted FPM and adjusted Cox models, except in the Cox model including BMI where the higher revision rate only persisted for the conventional lateral approach (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 1.12 [95% CI 1.06,1.17] P < 0·001) and trans-trochanteric approaches (HRR 1.48 [95% CI 1.14,1.91] P = 0.003). PROMs demonstrated statistically, but not clinically, significant differences. Self-reported complications were more frequent with the conventional lateral approach, and the risk of 90-day mortality was higher (HRR 1.15 [95%CI 1.01–1.30] P = 0.029).

Conclusions
Lateral approaches for THR are associated with worse outcomes, including more deaths and revisions, than the posterior approach. We recommend the posterior approach should be considered the current standard approach for THR. Large well-designed studies are needed to assess any potential benefits from using minimally invasive posterior approaches and the conventional anterior approach.