bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piani di fortificazione in Calabria Ultra tra XVI e XVII secolo
Authors: Martorano Francesca 
Published: May 2020

Fortification plans in Calabria Ultra between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesThe Crown of Spain acquired, as it is known, the kingdom of Naples in 1504, which as Viceregno it will be part of the Spanish empire for more than two centuries. The empire between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was faced with various challenges, both internal and boundary, particularly maritime, attacked by the Ottoman expansion. Urban and coastal fortification plans were prepared and put in place to defend the territory. Calabria was also a participant in this effort, which the Viceroys directed and followed from Naples, with the approval of Madrid. This study examines the projects and achievements implemented in the chronological period under consideration in Calabria Ultra, current provinces of Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia, Catanzaro and Crotone. Particular attention is paid to coastal defense plans with the design of new towers, which combined with city walls and/or castles in state-owned or feudal cities, complement the defensive projects of the coasts. It is important to highlight how the types adopted are consistent with coherent implementations implemented in the extended territory of the empire, thus declaring widespread knowledge and cultural identity in the Europe of the time.
Castelli e borghi fortificati nell’Appennino centrale d’Italia. Storia e conservazione
Authors: Serafini Lucia 
Published: May 2020

Castles and fortified villages in the central Apennines of Italy. History and conservationThe areas of the central Apennines of Italy constitute a particularly interesting research laboratory with its perched towns and its castles. Here there is a close link between the quantity of fortifications and the prevailing mountainous terrain. This has fixed in the history of the places a condition of correspondence that acts as a counterpoint to all its culture, from the economy to the costumes to the forms of the settlement. The inhabited centers also managed to guard the territory, like the numerous castles built during the Middle Ages close to rocky and harsh slopes. This because they are located in places that due to the altitude were naturally fortified, but which at supplement were enhanced with closed and compact building fabrics. The fortified villages have often elicited, with their walled houses and the steep and narrow streets, the representations of travelers-artists from the nineteenth century like the Dutchman Maurits Cornelis Escher. The purpose of this contribution is to draw attention to the reality of an architectural heritage that goes beyond the isolated episode of the feudal castle to create a network with natural and anthropic contexts of wider horizon. These are today subject to severe loss of identity due to the marginal position they often find themselves in and also to the action of the many earthquakes that have raged over time.
Il castello Colonna di Arnara: dal restauro del monumento alla valorizzazione del borgo antico e del suo territorio
Authors: Cattaneo Alessandra , Baratin Laura 
Published: May 2020

The castle Colonna of Arnara: from the restoration of the monument to the enhancement of the ancient village and its territoryThe castle of Arnara, is located in Ciociaria in southern Lazio, in what was once the feud of the Conti of Ceccano. For the territory it is the most important monumental complex of medieval architecture. In fact, despite its small size, it is one of the few examples of fortified architecture still original in its essential lines. This castle represents an exceptional case of sedimentation and stratification, which even today, from its reading, allows us to reconstruct both its historical events and those related to the urban development of the adjacent historic village. Moreover it can be considered of priority importance also from the urbanistic point of view because it represents the first historical nucleus of Arnara. Unfortunately, today, the castle is in a bad state of conservation. With the passing of time its conditions have become more and more aggravated also because of the complex events linked to the various passages of property, of private and public nature, which have strongly influenced the management of the monument. The study of the castle of Arnara is part of the national and international debate that considers participation a key factor for the sustainable enhancement of the cultural heritage, because it promotes greater awareness of its social and economic value. The objective of the research work is to develop, taking the castle as a case study, a new approach that sees cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) as an irreplaceable heritage of knowledge and as a precious resource for economic growth, employment and social cohesion; therefore a cultural heritage seen as a driving force. In the specific case of Colonna Castle, attention has been focused on the importance of being able to activate virtuous circles around this very important place of culture, enhancing its role as a centre of knowledge and incubator of creativity and social innovation.
Considerazioni sulla conservazione di un paesaggio archeologico etrusco: il caso delle fortificazioni di Cerveteri
Authors: Vagnarelli Tommaso 
Published: May 2020

Considerations on the conservation of an etruscan archaeological landscape: the case of Cerveteri fortificationsWhere now stands the city of Cerveteri (RM), between the ninth and third century BC took form one of the most important city-states of Etruria: Caere. Today this place is especially noted for the presence of the Etruscan necropolis of Banditaccia, inserted in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. The remains of the ancient fortifications, that represent one of the most interesting and well-preserved examples of an Etruscan defensive wall, are instead less known. Due to a prolonged abandonment and a presence of uncontrolled vegetation, the conservation of this testimony is now compromised by visible signs of deterioration. At the same time, this condition has defined a suggestive archaeological landscape in which architecture and nature coexist in a precarious balance. This contribution tries to deepen the importance of preserving this evocative symbiosis and proposes a possible conservative approach that could manage the relationship between ruins and vegetation.
Asentamientos fortificados en el Rif Oriental (siglos VIII-XV). Nuevos datos sobre Ghassasa y Tazouda (Nador, Marruecos)
Authors: Sarr Bilal , Mattei Luca , Hernández Casas Yaiza 
Published: May 2020

Fortified settlements in Eastern Rif (eighth-fifteenth centuries): new data on Ghassasa and Tazouda (Nador, Morocco)The present paper attempts to aproximate to the archaeological research of two of the most relevants fortified settlements of the Medieval Rif (north of Morocco), Ghassasa and Tazouda. Reviewing the written sources –Ibn Ḥawqal, al-Bakrī, al-Idrīsī, Ibn Ḥayyān, al-Bādisī, etc.– and comparing the data they offer with the archaeological records of surface, we report here the recent hypothesis deduced from the analysis of their emerging structures and pottery, trying to trace some new information of the fortification process in the Rif since Early Medieval centuries to the fifteenth century and to detect the development of the interrelations and influences by the commercial exchanges between twice Mediterranean coasts: North African and al-Andalus. So, we offer the planimetry of both settlements, Ghassasa and Tazouda, which haven´t been documented before, and also some typologies of Magrib’s medieval pottery founded there, contributing with an original research to the study of medieval urbanism in Magrib al-Aqṣā and the role that they take on the trade routes existing between Bilād al-Sūdān, to Siŷilmāsa, and al-Andalus.
De naleving van de Corporate Governance Code 2016 door (beurs)vennootschappen
Authors: Rietveld S. 
Published: May 2020

De naleving van de Corporate Governance Code 2016 door (beurs)vennootschappen. Het eerste Monitoring Rapport van de commissie-Van der Meer Mohr
In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur het op 13 december 2019 gepubliceerde Monitoring Rapport van de vierde Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code. Hierin wordt voor het eerst verslag gedaan over de in 2016 herziene Corporate Governance Code en de naleving daarvan over boekjaar 2018. Daarnaast besteedt de Monitoring Commissie aandacht aan enkele specifieke governance onderwerpen en benoemt zij enkele aandachtspunten.
Motieven voor naleving van de wettelijke anti-witwasmeldplicht
Authors: Rakké J.T. , Huisman W. 
Published: May 2020

Motieven voor naleving van de wettelijke anti-witwasmeldplicht
Toezichthouders hebben ernstige tekortkomingen geconstateerd bij het melden van ongebruikelijke transacties door meldplichtige instanties. Grootbanken zijn zelfs onderwerp van strafrechtelijk onderzoek. Om meer inzicht te verkrijgen in de motivaties van financiële instellingen om een melding te maken, wordt in dit artikel onderzocht welke factoren een rol spelen bij het naleven van de Wwft-meldplicht bij banken, accountancykantoren en trustkantoren. Deze factoren leiden tot economische, sociale en normatieve motieven die hoofdzakelijk aan het naleven van de meldplicht in de weg staan. Dit onderzoek draagt daarmee bij aan inzicht in de oorzaken van de eerder geconstateerde tekortkoming in de naleving van de anti-witwasmeldplicht.
Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht
Authors: Veenendaal T.W. , Velthuis M. 
Published: May 2020

Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht
In het artikel ‘Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht’ geven Tara Veenendaal en Marleen Velthuis een overzicht van de belangwekkende jurisprudentie van de afgelopen twee jaar, waaruit kan worden afgeleid hoe het Openbaar Ministerie en de rechter in het milieustrafrecht omgaan met de vervolging van de vermeende feitelijk leidinggevers aan gedragingen door de rechtspersoon. De recente jurisprudentie komt aan de hand van een aantal thema’s aan de orde. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de gepubliceerde transacties van milieuovertredingen door ondernemingen en in hoeverre de rol van natuurlijke personen daarin terugkomt. Het artikel sluit af met een verwachting voor de toekomst.
Nesting Behavior of Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indicaErxleben, 1777) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: Arockianathan Samson 
Published: May 2020

The present study was carried out on the nesting behavior of IGS in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the month of June 2015 to June 2017 (2 years). A total of 192 nesting trees with 279 nests belong to 19 tree species were identified as nesting trees preferences of IGS. Of which Bambusa arundinacea grass species was the dominant nesting grass species of the IGS in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (11%, n = 22). The overall nest height of the IGS was 19.70 m and a maximum height of 34 m and a minimum height of 8 m. The nest direction shows that the North East held the number of the nest (n = 137), and the nest position shows that the Crown (n = 197) contained the number of the nest. The nest position shows that top (n = 220) were contained the number of nests compared to the middle (n = 59). On the other hand, no nest was placed on the down position.
The Rule of Law, The Rule of Conflict? Hong Kong and Democracy—Past and Present Revisited1
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław M. 
Published: May 2020

“The rule of law is essential to Hong Kong’s future” — declared the last governor of Hong Kong, Christopher Patten, a few years before the city’s handover to China. The rule of law, obviously, is essential to the future of any legal entity. However, one has to ask what happens if the law that rules is imperfect. It then inevitably leads to conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how efficiently has the rule of law ‘ruled’ in Hong Kong since the transition, with a special focus on the situations when law itself led to conflicts. In his analysis the author concentrates on the post-colonial influences of the past, People's Republic of China’s influences of the present, and outlines possible scenarios for the future of the Chinese Special Administrative Region, while highlighting the question of democracy. The article is divided into two main parts–theoretical, composed of one chapter, and analytical, composed of two chapters. In the first part of the article the author reviews various understandings of the notions of the rule of law and of conflict, introducing the theoretical framework for further investigations. The second chapter of the article is devoted to the question of the rule of law in the semi-autonomous city. The author first explains why its explicit conceptualisation was revolutionary in Hong Kong at this particular moment, and then shows how it has been eroding ever since 1997. In the third chapter of the paper, the author focuses on the situations in Hong Kong when law itself has provoked conflicts — notably the recent oath-swearing dispute — and analyses them. The fourth, concluding part of the paper the author ventures to make predictions on the future of the legal systems, democracy, and thus the lives of the citizens of the Fragrant Harbour.
The Paradox of Elite Law Schools in India—A comparison with Canadian Legal Education
Authors: Dasgupta Upasana 
Published: May 2020

Legal education, like law, should always be overhauled and refitted to changes in society. What is sought is a model of legal education that best meets the needs of the society, by law students and law professionals alike. In 1987, a new model of law school was established in Bengaluru, India—the National Law School of India University (NLSIU)—drawing largely upon components of the Socratic method and the case-study method that had already been implemented, tried and tested in North America. This paper is a comparison of legal education in North America, particularly in Canada, and in the National Law Universities (NLUs) in India, based on the model of NLSIU. The comparison identifies similarities and dissimilarities between legal education of two countries, India and Canada, one developed and one developing, both of which imbibed the Harvard case method at some point in time. The object of the study is to point out the paradoxes existing in legal education in general and the NLU system in India and is a preliminary study of whether Canadian law schools and NLU systems can learn lessons from each other.
At one time—when law-school education was characterized by disinterested practitioners and academicians lecturing a passive group of students and evaluating them through closed-book examinations, where students needed to spend time memorizing the law instead of analyzing it—NLUs were a welcome experiment. They changed the face of legal education by encouraging discussion in class; incorporating an interdisciplinary approach, introducing research projects, compulsory internships and introducing many other innovations. With time, these innovations proved to be less effective and perhaps the time is ripe for change in legal education in India, as in the words of Roscoe Pound, “[w]e must seek principles of change no less than principles of stability.”
Voisins et non pas usagers, membres et non pas consommateurs, partenaires et non pas clients1
Authors: Lankes R. David 
Published: May 2020

À partir de son expérience personnelle, l’auteur décrit l’impact du contexte sur le processus d’apprentissage, et fait le lien avec les bibliothèques, des lieux d’apprentissage importants. Il explique comment celles-ci peuvent mieux répondre aux besoins de publics différents en les associant étroitement à la bibliothèque, en faisant appel aux notions de « communauté » et de « conversation ». Il donne des exemples de bibliothèques ayant réussi à y parvenir.
Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases
Authors: Abozeed Waleed N. , Elazab Skoukri H. , Zahi Mohamed S. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare ovarian tumors represent only 5% of all ovarian cancers. GCTs are divided into an adult (AGCT) and juvenile (JGCT) types. The prognosis of these tumors is good when compared with other epithelial tumors. Radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy according to the presence of risk factors still the main line of treatment. Many Prognostic factors are suggested to affect the course of the disease like tumor stage and extend of surgery. But due to the small number of cases and indolent course of the disease, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for this type of tumours still unclear.
Aim: To determine the clinical characteristics of cases with AGCT and the prognostic factors for disease relapse and survival.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. 40 patients with (AGCT) were recruited. Patient characteristics were collected. The disease-free interval and overall survival were determined.
Results: At the end of the study, the median disease-free survival DFS was 101.215 months (93.2-109.3) with statistically significant difference regarding the stage of the disease, extent of surgery, rupture of the tumor and presence of residual disease. The median overall survival OAS was 106.38 months (100.3-112.5) with statistically significant difference regarding stage of the disease, parity and presence of residual disease.
Conclusion: (AGCT) are rare tumors with excellent survival. Stage of the disease and extent of surgery were significant prognostic factors affecting the course of the disease. Prospective studies are needed for better understanding of this disease.
The Outpatient Use of Furosemide in a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: May 2020

Aim: The prescribing pattern of furosemide helps the prescribers in the monitoring and evaluation of the drugs and helps them in recommending the necessary modifications. So the aim of the present study is to demonstrate the outpatient use of furosemide in a public hospital.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to demonstrate the prescription patterns of furosemide. The study included all outpatient prescriptions that contains furosemide in 2018.
Results: Furosemide was prescribed in 46.27% of diuretics prescriptions in the outpatient setting. The majority of the patients were female patients. Most of the patients were more than 39 years old. Most of the furosemide prescriptions were prescribed mainly by resident prescribers, mainly in the cardiology department.
Conclusion: Furosemide is an important medication for treating cardiovascular diseases specially in the presence of edema. It is important to increase the awareness of health care professionals and patients regarding the use of furosemide. Moreover, it is important to increase the awareness of the public regarding the importance of adherence to furosemide.
Hand‐onset weakness is a common feature of ALS patients with a NEK1 loss‐of‐function variant
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Lin Kon‐Ping , Jih Kang‐Yang , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Liao Yi‐Chu , Lee Yi‐Chung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe NEK1 gene has been recently implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aims to assess the influence of NEK1 variants on the occurrence of ALS and investigate the spectrum and clinical features of NEK1 loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants in a Taiwanese ALS cohort.MethodsWe screened 325 unrelated ALS patients for coding variants in NEK1 by targeted resequencing and queried the Taiwan Biobank database for NEK1 coding variants in 1000 Taiwanese healthy individuals. The clinical features of the patients with a NEK1 LOF variant were analyzed.ResultsSix patients and two healthy individuals carried NEK1 LOF variants. The rare missense variants with minor allele frequencies <0.1% in Taiwanese population were present in 2.8% of the ALS patients and 1.6% of the healthy subjects. NEK1 LOF variants, but not rare missense variants, are significantly enriched in the ALS patients (P = 0.0037 and 0.24, Fisher’s exact test). The odds ratio of an individual carrying a NEK1 LOF variant to develop ALS is 9.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.88–46.7). All the six patients carrying a NEK1 LOF variant had a hand‐onset ALS with an onset age from 52 to 64 years. Comparing with ALS patients without a NEK1 LOF variant, patients with a NEK1 LOF variant tend to have a hand‐onset disease (P = 0.0008, Fisher’s exact test).InterpretationOur study supports the pathogenic role of NEK1 LOF variants and demonstrates their spectrum and clinical features in a Taiwanese cohort with ALS.
Ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed Monohydroalkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with N‐Acyl Pyrroles using a C−H Activation Strategy
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Li Hui‐Jing , Lu Wen‐Yu , Wu Yan‐Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed Michael addition of N‐acyl pyrroles to α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been developed by using a C−H activation strategy. The key to this selective reaction is to use an acyl group as an effective chelating group. The use of AgOTf remarkably promoted the protonolysis process and thereby facilitated the Michael addition reaction. Monoalkylated pyrroles could be selectively synthesized by controlling the ratio of α,β‐unsaturated ketones to N‐acyl pyrroles.
Triton X‐100 functionalized Cu(II) dihydrazone based complex immobilized on Fe3O4@dopa: A highly efficient catalyst for oxidation of alcohols, alkanes, and sulfides and epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Chakraborty Tonmoy , Mondal Rimpa , Ghanta Rinku , Chakraborty Aratrika , Chattopadhyay Tanmay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, we have presented a protocol for green synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of TX100/Fe3O4@dopa@CuL (FDCTX) magnetically separable nanoparticles. Fe3O4@dopa@CuL (FDC) was synthesized using a four‐step procedure: (i) synthesis of a dihydrazone derivative, (ii) reaction of the dihydrazone derivative with copper perchlorate salt to generate a copper complex of the dihydrazone derivative, (iii) immobilization of the complex onto Fe3O4@dopa to generate FDC, and (iv) coating of FDC with surfactant Triton X‐100. The as‐synthesized homogeneous complex was well characterized using UV–Vis., Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry, and single‐crystalX‐ray techniques. Single‐crystalX‐ray analysis revealed the tetranuclear framework of the complex. The heterogeneous nanoparticles (FDCTX) were characterized using FT‐IR, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersiveX‐ray spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Finally, both the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were utilized for efficient oxidation of alcohols, alkanes, and sulfides and epoxidation of alkenes. A most probable mechanism for the oxidation reaction is proposed at the end of the article.
Guidelines in Practice: Hypothermia Prevention
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAll patients are at risk for unplanned hypothermia in the perioperative practice setting. Adverse outcomes attributed to hypothermia include myocardial events, surgical site infections, poor wound healing, increased blood loss, and prolonged postanesthesia care unit stays. The AORN “Guideline for prevention of hypothermia” includes recommendations for measuring the patient's body temperature, selecting methods for prevention of unplanned hypothermia, and implementing the selected insulation and warming interventions. This article discusses guideline recommendations related to using a consistent temperature measurement method through all phases of perioperative care, assessing risk for hypothermia in all patients, and prewarming perioperative patients. A scenario provides an example in which an interdisciplinary facility team uses a gap analysis and a risk assessment to determine the process for implementing recommendations from this guideline. Perioperative RNs should review the entire guideline for additional information and for guidance when creating and updating policies and procedures related to unplanned hypothermia.