bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thaddäus Derfflinger’s Sunspot Observations during 1802–1824: A Primary Reference to Understand the Dalton Minimum
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Besser Bruno P. , Iju Tomoya , Arlt Rainer , Uneme Shoma , Imada Shinsuke , Bourdin Philippe-A. , Kraml Amand 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As we are heading toward the next solar cycle, presumably with a relatively small amplitude, it is of significant interest to reconstruct and describe the past secular minima on the basis of actual observations at the time. The Dalton Minimum is often considered one of the secular minima captured in the coverage of telescopic observations. Nevertheless, the reconstructions of the sunspot group number vary significantly, and the existing butterfly diagrams have a large data gap during the period. This is partially because most long-term observations at that time have remained unexplored in historical archives. Therefore, to improve our understanding on the Dalton Minimum, we have located two series of Thaddäus Derfflinger’s observational records spanning 1802–1824 (a summary manuscript and logbooks), as well as his Brander’s 5.5 feet azimuthal quadrant preserved in the Kremsmünster Observatory. We have revised the existing Derfflinger’s sunspot group number with Waldmeier classification, and eliminated all the existing “spotless days” to remove contaminations from solar elevation observations. We have reconstructed the butterfly diagram on the basis of his observations and illustrated sunspot distributions in both solar hemispheres. Our article aims to revise the trend of Derfflinger’s sunspot group number and to bridge a data gap of the existing butterfly diagrams around the Dalton Minimum. Our results confirm that the Dalton Minimum is significantly different from the Maunder Minimum, both in terms of cycle amplitudes and sunspot distributions. Therefore, the Dalton Minimum is more likely a secular minimum in the long-term solar activity, while further investigations for the observations at that time are required.
Cosmological Constraints from the Redshift Dependence of the Alcock–Paczynski Effect: Possibility of Estimating the Nonlinear Systematics Using Fast Simulations
Authors: Ma Qinglin , Guo Yiqing , Li Xiao-Dong , Wang Xin , Miao Haitao , Li Zhigang , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Park Hyunbae 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) method is so far the best method in separating the AP signal from the redshift space distortion (RSD) effects and deriving powerful constraints on cosmological parameters using the

≲
40

h

−
1

Mpc

clustering region. To guarantee that the method can be easily applied to the future large-scale structure surveys, we study the possibility of estimating the systematics of the method using the fast simulation method. The major contribution of the systematics comes from the nonzero redshift evolution of the RSD effects, which is quantified by

ξ

ˆ

Δ
s

(
μ
,
z
)

in our analysis, and estimated using the BigMultidark exact N-body simulation and approximate COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) simulation samples. We find about 5%/10% evolution when comparing the

ξ

ˆ

Δ
s

(
μ
,
z
)

measured as z = 0.5/z = 1 to the measurements at z = 0. We checked the inaccuracy in the 2pCFs computed using COLA, and find it 5–10 times smaller than the intrinsic systematics of the tomographic AP method, indicating that using COLA to estimate the systematics is good enough. Finally, we test the effect of halo bias, and find ≲1.5% change in

ξ

ˆ

Δ
s

when varying the halo mass within the range of 2 × 1012–1014
M
⊙. We will perform more studies to achieve an accurate and efficient estimation of the systematics in the redshift range of z = 0–1.5.
Elaboração de cupcake adicionado de farinha de fibra de caju: caracterização físico-química e sensorial
Authors: Morais Elaine Carvalho de , Patias Samira Gabrielle Oliveira , Costa Erika Silva , Sandri Dayane De Oliveira , Picanço Nágela Farias Magave , Faria Rozilaine Aparecida Pelegrine Gomes de 
Published: February 2020

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a composição físico – química e aceitação sensorial de cupcake elaborado em substituição parcial de farinha de trigo pela farinha da fibra de caju (FFC). Foram elaboradas três formulações de cupcake adicionados de FFC, uma padrão (F1) sem FFC e as demais com 5% de FFC (F2) e 12% FFC (F3). Os cupcakes foram elaborados conforme receita padrão. Foi avaliada a composição centesimal das formulações, conforme metodologia da AOAC (2012). A análise sensorial foi realizada com 70 provadores não treinados. Os atributos avaliados foram aparência, aroma, sabor, textura e aceitação global, mediante escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos. As médias obtidas de cada análise foram submetidas a análise de variância e quando significativas comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os atributos da análise sensorial, exceto para a aparência do tratamento sem farinha de fibra de caju que foi atribuída maior média entre os provadores. Todas as formulações tiveram um alto nível de aceitação maior que 82%. Os cupcake elaborados com FFC apresentaram maior quantidade de fibras quando comparada com F1. A adição de farinha de fibra de caju mostrou-se uma boa alternativa para o aproveitamento desse subproduto, assim reforça o desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios com o resíduo do caju, reduzindo perdas e agregando valor e nutrientes a esses produtos.
Desenvolvimento de cookie sem glúten e caracterização físico-química e sensorial
Authors: Poiani Mariana Ramiri , Montanuci Flávia Daiana 
Published: February 2020

Biscoitos tipo cookies são amplamente consumidos por todas as idades e sua utilização para a adição de ingredientes sem glúten, permitem agregar valor nutricional e tem boa aceitação pela população, principalmente pelos celíacos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver cookies com mix de farinhas (uva, linhaça dourada, amido de milho) e avaliar suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Para a elaboração dos cookies foram utilizadas cinco formulações distintas em diferentes temperaturas e tempos de assamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o teor de cinzas e proteínas aumentou com o acréscimo de farinha de uva e os cookies assados a 180 °C apresentaram maior teor de umidade devido ao curto tempo de assamento (5 minutos). Para o teor de lipídios houve diferença significativa e o teor de fibras variou de 3,57 a 7,08% elevando seu teor à medida que a concentração de farinha de uva aumentava. Pelo teste de aceitação, determinou-se que a formulação mais aceita pelos julgadores foi com 6,00% de farinha de uva, na temperatura de 140 ºC. Ao desenvolver a tabela nutricional da formulação mais aceita, tem-se para uma porção de 30 gramas ou 4 unidades o valor médio de 92 kcal. Com a Análise dos Componentes Principais foi possível verificar a relação entre as análises físico-químicas e sensoriais com boa explicação da variabilidade através dos três componentes principais.
Urban Stream Syndrome and Contaminant Uptake in Salamanders of Central Texas
Authors: Diaz Peter H. , Orsak Erik L. , Weckerly Floyd W. , Montagne Mike A. , Alvarez David A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We studied the ecological health of springs experiencing varying levels of urban development to assess impacts to rare endemic salamanders (Eurycea spp.) of Central Texas. We evaluated measures of invertebrate species richness, water quality, and contaminant uptake by salamanders to determine how springs and their inhabitants were being affected by urban growth and changing land-use patterns. The number of environmental contaminants present and concentrations of contaminants increased in both water and salamander tissues with increasing age of the developments (i.e., years postconstruction) and increasing levels of impervious cover (e.g., roads) in urban watersheds compared with nondeveloped sites. We conclude that urbanization and associated increases in pollutant loading in watersheds can result in a loss of spring biodiversity and the accumulation of persistent and potentially toxic pollutants in salamanders. Although we detected generally low levels of pollutants, the altered water quality and invertebrate composition observed at springs, coupled with the changing hydrology and chronic contaminant exposure inherent in urban landscapes, is cause for concern, with potential implications for the long-term health, survival, and recovery of salamanders.
Anatomical variations of the terminal branching of the brachial artery
Authors: Abeywardhana U. N. , Wahalawatte Y. R. , Dissanayake J. K. , Amaratunga H. A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveKnowledge regarding arterial variations is important during surgeries, intra-arterial injections, venipuncture and imaging of the upper limb. Our objective was to document brachial artery variations. MethodsWe studied 54 upper limb specimens during routine dissection. The anterior compartment of the arm, cubital fossa and the forearm were dissected and the pathway and the distribution of the brachial artery and its branches were documented. ResultsVariations of the brachial artery anatomy were noted in 3 specimens (5%). Unilateral high bifurcation of brachial artery was noted in two specimens on the left side. In one of these, bifurcation was directly from the axillary artery at the axilla just proximal to the formation of the median nerve. Here the brachial artery divided into its terminal radial and ulnar branches. In the other specimen, the brachial artery bifurcated into radial and ulnar arteries at the level of the mid humerus. In the other specimen, the brachial artery was seen to trifurcate into radial, ulnar and common interosseus arteries at the level of the neck of the radius. ConclusionsHigh brachial artery bifurcation and trifurcation of the brachial artery in the upper arm was noted in this study. Reporting of such variations in different populations is important for the practicing clinician during diagnostic and surgical procedures.
Morphological variations of human adult spleens in a cohort of Sri Lankan population: a cadaveric study
Authors: Abarana K. , Samaranayake U. M. J. E. , Anthony D. J. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionSpleen is an organ enriched in vascular and lymphoid tissue located in left hypochondrium. It has morphological variations which may be misinterpreted as a disease condition involving the spleen. Therefore, knowledge on such morphological differences in a population is vital to distinguish normal variations from the disease conditions. Objective of this study was to identify the morphological variations such as notches, fissures and lobulations in cadavers. MethodsTen-percent formalin fixed, selfdonated cadaveric human spleens (n=13) in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo were included in the present study. In the study population, male to female ratio was 10: 3 with age ranging from 26 to 95 years. The morphological features such as shape, notching of borders, fissures and lobulations were photographed, dissected and analyzed according to Michels NA classification. The morphological types of spleens were categorized by measuring hilar lengths. ResultsNotches were present in superior (n=8), inferior (n= 1) or intermediate (n=2) borders in ten spleens, while notches were absent in three. Five spleens had supernumerary notches. Six spleens contained fissures in both visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces. Four spleens had more than three lobules, while three had more than one hilum. The splenic types included compact, intermediate and distributed, which accounted for four, three and sixrespectively. ConclusionInconstant location of notches, presence of supernumerary notches, fissures and lobules were a common morphological variation observed.
Hip geometry on femoral neck bone strength; a review article
Authors: Alwis G. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Low bone strength of the hip, which depends on both bone mass and bone geometry, leads to risk for fragility hip fracture. Anatomical adaptations of the proximal femoral structure are important to maintain higher bone strength because they predict the fracture risk independent of bone mass. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the bone strength of proximal femur to predict the likelihood of fragility fracture risk based on both bone mass and geometric adaptations, as well as the biomechanical strength of femoral neck (FN). Aim: To discuss the literature on geometric indices and biomechanical indices of the proximal femur to estimate FN strength. Material and methods: Dual energy xray absorptiometry (DXA) based hip structural analysis (HSA) technique derived indices of FN geometric adaptations and biomechanical strength at FN and their impact on FN bone strength were explored using the existing literature. Bone mineral content (BMC, gram) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm2) can be measured using the HAS technique. The simple hip geometric indices such as hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck length (FNL), neck shaft angle (NSA), FN diameters, FN width and biomechanical indices such as cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI, cm4), section modulus (Z, cm3) and cross-sectional area (CSA, cm2) can be estimated using the HSA technique to estimate FN bone strength. Conclusion: Estimation of FN bone strength by HSA based geometric adaptations and biomechanical strength indices provides better understanding of bone strength at FN. HAL and FN bone size with BMD provide better hip fracture predictability.
Optimization of DNA extraction protocol using skeletal remains found in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandimal K. M. , Yasawardene S. G. , Illeperuma Ruwan J. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe preservation of DNA in old skeletal remains is reported to be very low in a tropical country like Sri Lanka due to prevailing climatic and environmental conditions such as high temperature, high rainfall and high humidity, etc. In this study, extraction of DNA from old skeletal remains dated back to 15 – 40 years was attempted by using previously published extraction protocols. Materials and MethodsA 15-years-old humerus (15Y) excavated from Kuliyapitiya area in Kurunegala district and the 40-yearsold tibia (40Y) received from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura were used to extract old DNA. Human mitochondrial HVS I region of extracted DNA was amplified in PCR using four overlapping first round primers and second round nested primers respectively. A second-round nested PCR was performed. PCR amplification success was verified upon electrophoresis in 2% agarose gels. Results and AnalysisDNA bands were obtained with correct size ranges for all systems in both first and second round PCR products of amplified DNA extract of old bones 15Y and 40Y from modified phenolchloroform method. DNA bands were obtained from all four systems for 40Y bone DNA extract from DNA investigation Kit; QIAGEN, Germany. ConclusionIn the present study, we have successfully extracted and amplified DNA from old skeletal remains by using modified phenol chloroform method and DNA investigation Kit – QIAGEN, Germany, nevertheless the preservation of DNA in skeletal remains in Sri Lanka is very low.
Evidence of restricted maternal gene flow of Purana (old) Population in the suburbs of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandimal K. M. , Yasawrdene S. G. , Illeperuma R. J. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionBased on historical records suggesting that the ancestry of the Purana (old) population living in the suburbs of Sigiriya in Sri Lanka can be traced back to the times of the Sinhalese Kings of the 5th century A.D. (1,450 YBP) and studies reporting that the Purana are biometrically different from the rest of present Sri Lankans and other populations in the world, we investigate the maternally inherited Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Purana population in the suburbs of Sigiriya to better understand genetic affinities of them to present day Sri Lankans. Materials and MethodsForty six Purana inhabitants belonging to Purana pedigrees were recruited in the study. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced. Polymorphisms of mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS –I) between nucleotide positions 16,004 –16,411 were identified using CLUSTALX option of MEGAVA 4.0 sequence alignment software. In order to investigate genetic affinity of Purana population, Arlequin software version 3.11 and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were applied using reported similar genetic data of present Sri Lankans such as Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils, Sri Lankan Moors and Vedda. Genetic relationships of Purana population with other Sri Lankans were further explored by phylogenetic analysis. Results and AnalysisGenetic dissimilarity among groups was higher (2.81%) when populations were grouped into two as modern and Purana than grouping them according to their ethnic basis (0.00%). This indicates a restricted mtDNA flow between the two groups (Purana and rest of the Sri Lankans) that made Purana population was maternally isolated from the rest of Sri Lankans. ConclusionDetailed phylogenetic analysis of the study revealed that they are maternally more related to Sri Lankan Tamil than to any other present Sri Lankans.
Peer Coaching as a Faculty Development Tool: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Carlson Kristy , Ashford Allison , Hegagi Marwa , Vokoun Chad 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
In the era of competency-based assessment, medical education faculty are frequently challenged to develop unique teaching approaches. One method to address faculty development needs in a real-time clinical learning environment is peer coaching.

Objective
We implemented and evaluated a faculty development program involving peer observation and feedback for attending physicians.

Methods
Hospital internal medicine faculty assigned to a teaching service were recruited for the study. Participants voluntarily agreed to observe and be observed by a peer attending physician during a 2-week block of teaching rounds. When serving in the coaching role, faculty were asked to observe 4 separate occasions using an observation tool based on the Stanford Faculty Development Program framework to guide feedback. An outside consultant facilitated a focus group and completed a qualitative content analysis to categorize all participants' experiences during the faculty development activity.

Results
Of the 22 eligible faculty, 14 (64%) agreed to participate by committing to 6 to 8 hours observing another faculty member during rounds, 2 feedback sessions, and 90 minutes to provide program feedback during a focus group. The analysis of the focus group revealed favorable reactions to the faculty development program, including (1) observed attending awareness of unrecognized habits; (2) personalized teaching tips for the observed attending to improve teaching quality based on individual style/preferences; and (3) exposure to new teaching techniques.

Conclusions
An inpatient-based peer-coaching faculty development program was acceptable and feasible for a majority of faculty and may improve individual teaching effectiveness among conventionally trained physicians.
Becoming Critical Consumers of Evidence in Occupational Therapy for Children and Youth
Authors: Grajo Lenin C. , Laverdure Patricia , Weaver Lindy L. , Kingsley Karrie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy on interventions for children and youth highlights the current developments in and evidence for the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions and psychometric properties of assessments for children and youth. In this guest editorial, we identify various factors that challenge the implementation of evidence-based strategies in daily clinical practice. We assert that scholars, educators, and practitioners need to address several strategic steps. To facilitate critical consumption of evidence in practice, efforts need to be made to build capacity for evidence production and evidence use through implementation science and to ensure that evidence-based practice is not only taught but also reflectively applied across the educational curriculum and that clinicians are given more access to resources that are easy to translate to daily clinical practice.
A national dataset of 30 m annual urban extent dynamics (1985–2015) in the conterminous United States
Authors: Li Xuecao , Zhou Yuyu , Zhu Zhengyuan , Cao Wenting 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Dynamics of the urban extent at fine spatial and temporal
resolutions over large areas are crucial for developing urban growth models
and achieving sustainable development goals. However, there are limited
practices of mapping urban dynamics with these two merits combined. In this
study, we proposed a new method to map urban dynamics from Landsat time
series data using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and developed a
national dataset of annual urban extent (1985–2015) at a fine spatial
resolution (30 m) in the conterminous United States (US). First, we derived
the change information of urbanized years in four periods that were
determined from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), using a temporal
segmentation approach. Then, we classified urban extents in the beginning (1985) and ending (2015) years at the cluster level through the implementation of a
change vector analysis (CVA)-based approach. We also developed a
hierarchical strategy to apply the CVA-based approach due to the spatially
explicit urban sprawl over large areas. The overall accuracy of mapped
urbanized years is around 90 % with the 1-year tolerance strategy. The
mapped urbanized areas in the beginning and ending years are reliable, with
overall accuracies of 96 % and 88 %, respectively. Our results reveal
that the total urban area increased by about 20 % during the period
of 1985–2015 in the US, and the annual urban area growth is not linear over the years. Overall, the growth pattern of urban extent in most coastal states is
plateaued over the past three decades while the states in the Midwestern US
show an accelerated growth pattern. The derived annual urban extents are of
great use for relevant urban studies such as urban area projection and urban
sprawl modeling over large areas. Moreover, the proposed mapping framework
is transferable for developing annual dynamics of urban extent in other
regions and even globally. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8190920.v2 (Li et al.,
2019c).
“Pointless, Ridiculous Monster”: Monstrous Abjection and Event in “The House of Asterion” and Grendel
Authors: Woltmann Suzy 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In this article, I examine reimaginings of myth and legend that subversively address the confrontation between hero and monster by recreating the villainous monster as protagonist. These adaptations disrupt the Self/Other binary, which consequently positions us in a state of empathetic abjection with the monster. Jorge Luis Borges's “The House of Asterion” and John Gardner's Grendel take notions of the monstrous abject in the popular imagination and recreate the myth of the Minotaur and the epic of Beowulf, respectively, from the point of view of the monstrous Other. Borges and Gardner rely on mythic and folkloric profanation to (re)write abject monsters. They intertextually invoke their parent texts and explore the monster's own maternal parentage, which leads to their eventual (and Evental) demise.