bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for the assessment of mechanical properties of vascular tissue
Authors: Sanders Stefan N. , Lopata Richard G. P. , van Breemen Lambert C. A. , van de Vosse Frans N. , Rutten Marcel C. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccurate estimation of mechanical properties of the different atherosclerotic plaque constituents is important in assessing plaque rupture risk. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental set-up to assess material properties of vascular tissue, while applying physiological loading and being able to capture heterogeneity. To do so, a ring-inflation experimental set-up was developed in which a transverse slice of an artery was loaded in the radial direction, while the displacement was estimated from images recorded by a high-speed video camera. The performance of the set-up was evaluated using seven rubber samples and validated with uniaxial tensile tests. For four healthy porcine carotid arteries, material properties were estimated using ultrasound strain imaging in whole-vessel-inflation experiments and compared to the properties estimated with the ring-inflation experiment. A 1D axisymmetric finite element model was used to estimate the material parameters from the measured pressures and diameters, using a neo-Hookean and Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden material model for the rubber and porcine samples, respectively. Reproducible results were obtained with the ring-inflation experiment for both rubber and porcine samples. Similar mean stiffness values were found in the ring-inflation and tensile tests for the rubber samples as 202 kPa and 206 kPa, respectively. Comparable results were obtained in vessel-inflation experiments using ultrasound and the proposed ring-inflation experiment. This inflation set-up is suitable for the assessment of material properties of healthy vascular tissue in vitro. It could also be used as part of a method for the assessment of heterogeneous material properties, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
Understandings and attitudes regarding skill-based and competency-based cultures for learning: a comparative study of Norwegian and New Zealand teacher educators
Authors: Madsen Siri Sollied 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is a study of Norwegian and New Zealand teacher educators’ attitudes and understandings of what constitutes learning in schools. Excerpts of curriculum differences between the countries were used as catalysts to gain insight into teacher educators’ espoused theories regarding their understanding of learning, using examples of skill-based and competency-based perspectives on learning. This article describes reactions from Norwegian and New Zealand teacher educators when presented with examples of these two different educational cultures. The majority of both the Norwegian and the New Zealand teacher educators express a critical stance towards a skill-based perspective when asked about the matter. A concern regarding political pressure as an agent of change in educational systems was explicit in both countries. Norway appears to be politically governed top down to a greater degree than New Zealand, and this article examines whether the top-down governing of education can lead to discrepancies between formal curriculum, perceived curriculum, and operationalised curriculum. The findings indicate that such discrepancies exist among Norwegian teacher educators. The results show that inconsistencies of this nature could affect teacher educators’ motivation for their profession and can be perceived to undermine the trust that practitioners have in their professional and pedagogical competencies. This article contributes to broadening the understanding of how the governing of education could affect practitioners at a time of political pressure and requirements for measurable results.
Retrospective Analysis of Plagiaristic Practices within a Cinematic Industry in India – a Tip in the Ocean of Icebergs
Authors: Umamaheswaran Paneerselvam , Ramachandran Sharavan , Sivasubramaniam Shivadas D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMusic plagiarism is defined as using tune, or melody that would closely imitate with another author’s music without proper attributions. It may occur either by stealing a musical idea (a melody or motif) or sampling (a portion of one sound, or tune is copied into a different song). Unlike the traditional music, the Indian cinematic music is extremely popular amongst the public. Since the expectations of the public for songs that are enjoyable are high, many music directors are seeking elsewhere to “borrow” tunes. Whilst a vast majority of Indian cinemagoers may not have noticed these plagiarised tunes, some journalists and vigilant music lovers have noticed these activities. This study has taken the initiative to investigate the extent of plagiaristic activities within one Indian cinematic music industry. A list of plagiarised songs was produced by using YouTube® searches for “comparative videos” made by the vigilant music lovers about accused/detected music plagiarism. Some of these individuals were also interviewed to understand their views on this. During the investigation, it was possible to identify a vast number of plagiarised tunes, snippets, or even the full songs. In fact, some of these examples’ dates to 1954, during the era when no one would have noticed plagiarism. The paper would highlight the similarities of these music files. It will also show some examples of the excuses/denial given by the composers and would try to highlight the attitudes of general public towards these types of activities.
Out of Pocket Expenditure for Sick Newborn Care in Referral Hospitals of Nepal
Authors: Sunny Avinash K. , Gurung Rejina , Gurung Abhishek , Basnet Omkar , KC Ashish 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Almost all preventable neonatal deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and affect the poorest who have the least access to high quality health services. Cost of health care is one of the factors preventing access to quality health services and universal health coverage. In Nepal, the majority of expenses related to newborn care are borne by the caregiver, regardless of socioeconomic status. We conducted a study to assess the out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) for sick newborn care in hospitals in Nepal.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of hospital care for newborns was conducted in 11 hospitals in Nepal and explored OOPE incurred by caregivers for sick newborn care. Data were collected from the caregivers of the sick newborn on the topics of cost of travel, accommodation, treatment (drugs, diagnosis) and documented on a sick newborn case record form.

Results
Data were collected from 814 caregivers. Cost of caregivers’ stay accounted for more than 40% of the OOPE for sick newborn care, followed by cost of travel, and the baby’s stay and treatment. The overall OOPE ranged from 13.6 to 226.1 US dollars (USD). The median OOPE was highest for preterm complications ($33.2 USD; CI 14.0–226.1), followed by hyperbilirubinemia ($31.9 USD; CI 14.0–60.7), respiratory distress syndrome ($26.9 USD; 15.3–121.5), neonatal sepsis ($ 25.8 USD; CI 13.6–139.8) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ($23.4 USD; CI 13.6–97.7).

Discussion for practice
In Nepal, OOPE for sick newborn care in hospitals varied by neonatal morbidity and duration of stay. The largest proportion of OOPE were for accommodation and travel. Affordable and accessible health care will substantially reduce the OOPE for sick newborn care in hospitals.
Selected Clauses of a Copyright Contract in Polish and English in Translation by Google Translate: A Tentative Assessment of Quality
Authors: Trzaskawka Paula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of clauses in Polish and English copyright agreements in respect of their translation by a computer assisted tool—Google Translate, and to assess the quality of such translation. The comparison of parallel texts as a research method has been applied. The research corpora include authentic Polish and English Copyright Agreements. The analysed clauses have been excerpted from the above mentioned Copyright Agreements. The author chose the most standard clauses as well as clauses typical for copyright contracts. As a result of the analysis, translations provided by Google Translate are better in terms of typical clauses but of worse quality in terms of specialised copyright clauses.
The effect of cross direction and ploidy level on phenotypic variation of reciprocal diploid and triploid mandarin hybrids
Authors: Ahmed Dalel , Evrard Jean-Charles , Ollitrault Patrick , Froelicher Yann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNew citrus fruit varieties with the right pomological and organoleptic characteristics are expected by consumers and the fresh citrus fruit market. Apart from a good balance between sugar content and acidity, seedlessness is particularly demanded. Triploidy is one of the best ways to obtain seedless cultivars, and, taking advantage of diploid gametes, research programs have succeeded in creating them. Triploid hybrids are sterile and, when associated with parthenocarpy, produce seedless fruits. However, no studies have compared the potential agronomic interest of diploid and triploid cultivars to date. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of (i) cross direction between diploid and triploid reciprocal populations of mandarin hybrids and (ii) the increase in ploidy level from diploidy to triploidy phenotypic variation in quantitative agronomic traits. Reciprocal crosses between ‘Fortune’ mandarin and ‘Ellendale’ tangor generated two diploid and two triploid populations; we then phenotyped by measuring fruit and juice weights, sugar content and titratable acidity over three harvesting campaigns. Significant differences in sugar and acidity levels were observed between triploid populations. Both triploid progenies varied according to their respective female genitor, unlike diploid populations in which no relationship was found between their phenotypic variation and that of their parents. Considering each cross direction separately, the comparison of diploid and triploid populations revealed that triploid hybrids were juicier and sweeter. A genomic dosage effect appears to be the most plausible explanation for these variations. These innovative results will help optimize triploid citrus breeding programmes by choosing the appropriate diploid gamete producing parent.
Association between phospholipid metabolism in plasma and spontaneous preterm birth: a discovery lipidomic analysis in the cork pregnancy cohort
Authors: Morillon Aude-Claire , Yakkundi Shirish , Thomas Gregoire , Gethings Lee A. , Langridge James I. , Baker Philip N. , Kenny Louise C. , English Jane A. , McCarthy Fergus P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionPreterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks’ gestation, affects 5–9% of all pregnancies in developed countries, and is the leading cause of perinatal mortality. Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) accounts for 31–50% of all PTB, but the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to decipher the lipidomics pathways involved in pathophysiology of sPTB.MethodsBlood samples were taken from SCreening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE), an international study that recruited 5628 nulliparous women, with a singleton low-risk pregnancy. Our analysis focused on plasma from SCOPE in Cork. Discovery profiling of the samples was undertaken using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Lipidomics, and features significantly altered between sPTB (n = 16) and Control (n = 32) groups were identified using empirical Bayes testing, adjusting for multiple comparisons.ResultsTwenty-six lipids showed lower levels in plasma of sPTB compared to controls (adjusted p < 0.05), including 20 glycerophospholipids (12 phosphatidylcholines, 7 phosphatidylethanolamines, 1 phosphatidylinositol) and 6 sphingolipids (2 ceramides and 4 sphingomyelines). In addition, a diaglyceride, DG (34:4), was detected in higher levels in sPTB compared to controls.ConclusionsWe report reduced levels of plasma phospholipids in sPTB. Phospholipid integrity is linked to biological membrane stability and inflammation, while storage and breakdown of lipids have previously been implicated in pregnancy complications. The contribution of phospholipids to sPTB as a cause or effect is still unclear; however, our results of differential plasma phospholipid expression represent another step in advancing our understanding of the aetiology of sPTB. Further work is needed to validate these findings in independent pregnancy cohorts.
Effects of dissolved organic phase composition and salinity on the engineered sulfate application in a flow-through system
Authors: Shafieiyoun Saeid , Al-Raoush Riyadh I. , Ismail Reem Elfatih , Ngueleu Stephane K. , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Van Cappellen Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEngineered sulfate application has been proposed as an effective remedy to enhance the rate-limited biodegradation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated subsurface environments, but the effects of dissolved organic phase composition and salinity on the efficiency of this method are unknown. A series of flow-through experiments were conducted for 150 days and dissolved benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were injected under sulfate-reducing and three different salinity conditions for 80 pore volumes. Then, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were omitted from the influent solution and just dissolved benzene and toluene were injected to investigate the influence of dissolved phase composition on treatment efficiency. A stronger sorption capacity for PAHs was observed and the retardation of the injected organic compounds followed the order of benzene < toluene < naphthalene < 1-methylnaphthalene. Mass balance analyses indicated that 50 and 15% of toluene and 1-methlynaphtalene were degraded, respectively. Around 5% of the injected naphthalene degraded after injecting > 60 PVs influent solution, and benzene slightly degraded following the removal of PAH compounds. The results showed substrate interactions and composition can result in rate-limited and insufficient biodegradation. Similar reducing conditions and organic utilization were observed for different salinity conditions in the presence of the multi-component dissolved organic phase. This was attributed to the dominant microbial community involved in toluene degradation that exerted catabolic repression on the simultaneous utilization of other organic compounds and were not susceptible to changes in salinity.
Entwicklung des Lebensstilprogramms „Gemeinsam Gesund“
Authors: Kranz Ragna-Marie , Englert Heike 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zivilisationserkrankungen (NCD) werden in Deutschland mit nahezu allen Sterbefällen assoziiert. Durch einen gesunden Lebensstil lässt sich das Erkrankungsrisiko jedoch maßgeblich beeinflussen. Daraus leitet sich ein großes Potenzial für Lebensstilinterventionen zur Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung ab. Das community-basierte Lebensstilprogramm „Gemeinsam Gesund“ kombiniert verhaltens- und verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen zur NCD-Prävention.

Fragestellung
Wie lässt sich das Programm „Gemeinsam Gesund“ mithilfe des Intervention-Mapping-Ansatzes (IMA) entwickeln und strukturieren?

Methodik
Die Planung des Lebensstilprogramms erfolgte mithilfe des IMA. Die theoretische Planungsmethode ermöglichte eine in Teilschritte untergliederte Programmentwicklung, die von einer Analyse der Ausgangssituation und Zielfindung über die Maßnahmenfestlegung bis hin zur Evaluationsplanung reichte.

Ergebnisse
Die Bedarfs- und Bestandsanalyse (Schritt I) konnte die Bedarfe und bereits etablierte Gesundheitsangebote der Community aufzeigen. Daraus konnten konkrete Ziele entwickelt (Schritt II) sowie Maßnahmenformate und -inhalte (Schritt III) festgelegt werden. Es wurden Gesundheitschecks und ein 10-wöchiges intensives Lebensstilprogramm mit anschließenden Alumni-Treffen konzipiert. Für alle Interventionsinhalte wurden Materialien entwickelt (Schritt IV) und die Akteure für die Implementierung vor Ort identifiziert (Schritt V). Für die Evaluation (Schritt VI) wurde eine Kombination aus einer Effekt- und Prozessevaluation geplant.

Diskussion
Der IMA eignet sich gut zur Planung von komplexen Lebensstilprogrammen. Die Anwendung der Methode konnte zu einer sehr zielgruppenorientierten Interventionsentwicklung beitragen, wenngleich einige Abweichungen von der normalen Vorgehensweise des IMA notwendig waren.
Kompetenzen für Tätigkeiten in der Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Karg Stephanie , Blättner Beate , Krüger Kerstin , Micheew Naomi 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheitsförderer werden am Arbeitsmarkt gebraucht. Für Absolventinnen und Absolventen entsprechender Studiengänge scheint aber die Orientierung nicht leicht zu sein, welche Kompetenzen relevant sind und am Arbeitsmarkt erwartet werden.

Fragestellung
Es interessierte, welche Kompetenzen aus Sicht von Stakeholdern benötigt werden und wie Studierende sich während des Studiums gezielt auf eine Erwerbstätigkeit vorbereiten können.

Material und Methode
Es wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 28 Stakeholdern geführt und mittels Kategorisierung und Typenbildung ausgewertet. Als Stakeholder wurden Personen definiert, die im jeweiligen Tätigkeitsfeld beschäftigt waren oder als Personalverantwortliche bzw. Geschäftsführer für entsprechende Arbeitsfelder fungierten.

Ergebnisse
Die Bereiche Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung, Gesundheitsberichterstattung, Gesundheitskommunikation und Koordinations- und Entwicklungsarbeit sind wesentliche Arbeitsfelder. In den benötigten Kompetenzen und Aufgabengebieten weisen sie eher Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede auf. Persönliche und soziale Kompetenzen können über die Einstellung entscheiden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Förderung persönlicher und sozialer sowie eher generalistischer Kompetenzen in der Gesundheitsförderung sollte im Studium einen Schwerpunkt darstellen. Daneben sollten Studierende individuelle Kompetenzprofile entwickeln.
Cholecystectomy After Previous Bariatric Surgery with Special Focus on Pregnant Patients—Results from Two Large Nationwide Registries
Authors: Hedström Jonas , Nilsson Johan , Ekelund Mikael , Andersson Roland , Andersson Bodil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Biliary complications during pregnancy is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine if there is an increased risk to perform cholecystectomy during pregnancy in patients with previous bariatric surgery in comparison to other females subjected to cholecystectomy.

Methods
The Nationwide Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery (GallRiks) and the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) were combined. Female patients 18–45 years old were included. The study group was patients with a history of bariatric surgery whom were pregnant at the time of cholecystectomy. This group was compared with pregnant patients without previous bariatric surgery and non-pregnant with and without previous bariatric surgery.

Results
In total, 21,314 patients were included and 292 underwent surgery during pregnancy. From 1282 patients identified in both registers, 16 patients were pregnant at the time of cholecystectomy. Acute cholecystectomy was performed in 5922 (28%) non-pregnant and 199 (68%) pregnant (p < 0.001), including 11/16 (69%) pregnant with previous bariatric surgery. When comparing all pregnant patients, those with previous bariatric surgery had longer operative time (p = 0.031) and length of stay (p = 0.043), but no differences were seen when only comparing patients with an acute indication for surgery. There was no difference in complications comparing pregnant patients with previous bariatric surgery with non-pregnant, both with and without previous bariatric surgery.

Conclusions
Cholecystectomy during pregnancy in patients with previous bariatric surgery seems to be safe. The increased risk seen in the non-pregnant group after previous bariatric surgery is not seen in pregnancy, possibly due to an optimization of the circumstances at surgery.
Soil Shear Strength Losses in Two Fresh Marshes with Variable Increases in N and P Loading
Authors: Turner R. Eugene , Swarzenski Christopher , Bodker James E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe measured soil shear strength (SSS) from 2009 to 2018 in two hydrologically distinct freshwater marshes dominated by Panicum hemitomon after nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) were applied to the surface in spring. The SSS averaged over 100-cm depth in the floating and anchored marshes declined up to 30% throughout the profiles and with no apparent differences in the effects of the low, medium, and high N + P dosing. Plots with only N or P additions exhibited significant changes in SSS at individual depths below 40 cm for the anchored marsh, but not the floating marsh. The average SSS for the anchored marsh over the entire 100 cm profile declined when N and P were added separately or together. At the floating marsh, however, the SSS decreased when N and P were added in combination, or P alone, but not for the N addition. Increasing nutrient availability to these freshwater marsh soils makes them weaker, and perhaps lost if eroded or uplifted by buoyant forces during storms. These results are consistent with results from multi-year experiments demonstrating higher decomposition rates, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon losses in wetlands following increased nutrient availability.
Refining national greenhouse gas inventories
Authors: Yona Leehi , Cashore Benjamin , Jackson Robert B. , Ometto Jean , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe importance of greenhouse gas inventories cannot be overstated: the process of producing inventories informs strategies that governments will use to meet emissions reduction targets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) leads an effort to develop and refine internationally agreed upon methodologies for calculating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and removals. We argue that these guidelines are not equipped to handle the task of developing national greenhouse gas inventories for most countries. Inventory guidelines are vital to implementing climate action, and we highlight opportunities to improve their timeliness and accuracy. Such reforms should provide the means to better understand and advance the progress countries are making toward their Paris commitments. Now is the time to consider challenges posed by the current process to develop the guidelines, and to avail the policy community of recent major advances in quantitative and expert synthesis to overhaul the process and thereby better equip multi-national efforts to limit climate change.
Distance-learning For Approximate Bayesian Computation To Model a Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Pacchiardi Lorenzo , Künzli Pierre , Schöngens Marcel , Chopard Bastien , Dutta Ritabrata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApproximate Bayesian computation (ABC) provides us with a way to infer parameters of models, for which the likelihood function is not available, from an observation. Using ABC, which depends on many simulations from the considered model, we develop an inferential framework to learn parameters of a stochastic numerical simulator of volcanic eruption. Moreover, the model itself is parallelized using Message Passing Interface (MPI). Thus, we develop a nested-parallelized MPI communicator to handle the expensive numerical model with ABC algorithms. ABC usually relies on summary statistics of the data in order to measure the discrepancy model output and observation. However, informative summary statistics cannot be found for the considered model. We therefore develop a technique to learn a distance between model outputs based on deep metric-learning. We use this framework to learn the plume characteristics (eg. initial plume velocity) of the volcanic eruption from the tephra deposits collected by field-work associated with the 2450 BP Pululagua (Ecuador) volcanic eruption.