bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of landscapes and range expansion on population structure and local adaptation
Authors: Zhao Wei , Sun Yan‐Qiang , Pan Jin , Sullivan Alexis R. , Arnold Michael L. , Mao Jian‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Ru 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Understanding the origin and distribution of genetic diversity across landscapes is critical for predicting the future of organisms in changing climates. This study investigated how adaptive and demographic forces have shaped diversity and population structure in Pinus densata, a keystone species on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

We examined the distribution of genomic diversity across the range of P. densata using exome capture sequencing. We applied spatially explicit tests to dissect the impacts of allele surfing, geographic isolation and environmental gradients on population differentiation and forecasted how this genetic legacy may limit the persistence of P. densata in future climates.

We found that allele surfing from range expansion could explain the distribution of 39% of the c. 48 000 genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Uncorrected, these allele frequency clines severely confounded inferences of selection. After controlling for demographic processes, isolation‐by‐environment explained 9.2–19.5% of the genetic structure, with c. 4.0% of loci being affected by selection. Allele surfing and genotype–environment associations resulted in genomic mismatch under projected climate scenarios.

We illustrate that significant local adaptation, when coupled with reduced diversity as a result of demographic history, constrains potential evolutionary response to climate change. The strong signal of genomic vulnerability in P. densata may be representative for other QTP endemics.
Melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes do not correlate with size in two cohorts of medium‐to‐giant congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Calbet‐Llopart Neus , Pascini‐Garrigos Mirella , Tell‐Martí Gemma , Potrony Miriam , Martins da Silva Vanessa , Barreiro Alicia , Puig Susana , Captier Guillaume , James Isabelle , Degardin Nathalie , Carrera Cristina , Malvehy Josep , Etchevers Heather C. , Puig‐Butillé Joan Anton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are cutaneous malformations whose prevalence is inversely correlated with projected adult size. CMN are caused by somatic mutations, but epidemiological studies suggest that germline genetic factors may influence CMN development. In CMN patients from the U.K., genetic variants in MC1R, such as p.V92M and loss‐of‐function variants, have been previously associated with larger CMN. We analyzed the association of MC1R variants with CMN characteristics in two distinct cohorts of medium‐to‐giant CMN patients from Spain (N = 113) and from France, Norway, Canada, and the United States (N = 53), similar at the clinical and phenotypical level except for the number of nevi per patient. We found that the p.V92M or loss‐of‐function MC1R variants either alone or in combination did not correlate with CMN size, in contrast to the U.K. CMN patients. An additional case–control analysis with 259 unaffected Spanish individuals showed a higher frequency of MC1R compound heterozygous or homozygous variant genotypes in Spanish CMN patients compared to the control population (15.9% vs. 9.3%; p = .075). Altogether, this study suggests that MC1R variants are not associated with CMN size in these non‐UK cohorts. Additional studies are required to define the potential role of MC1R as a risk factor in CMN development.
Propranolol‐resistant infantile hemangioma successfully treated with sirolimus
Authors: Dávila‐Osorio Victoria L. , Iznardo Helena , Roé Esther , Puig Lluis , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors in childhood. Propranolol is the first‐line treatment for infantile hemangiomas, but failures may occur. Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is a promising drug for the treatment of vascular malformations and vascular tumors. We present the case of a child with multiple infantile hemangiomasthat was successfully treated with sirolimus and propranolol after failure of combined propranolol and prednisolone treatment.
Ultraviolet filters in sunscreen products labeled for use in children and for sensitive skin
Authors: Phadungsaksawasdi Pawit , Sirithanabadeekul Punyaphat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe active ingredients in sunscreen products are ultraviolet (UV) filters, many of which are known potential allergens. The use of sunscreen in younger children and individuals with sensitive skin requires special attention, since absorption and allergen sensitization are of concern.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the ultraviolet filters in sunscreen products labeled specifically for “kids” or as “sensitive/hypoallergenic” and compare these to general sunscreen products.MethodsFrom December 2017 to March 2018, the ingredient labels on commercially available sunscreen products in Bangkok, Thailand, were analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐six sunscreen products were examined. Of these, twenty products (8.1%) were marketed for “kids.” Forty‐one products (16.6%) were labeled as “sensitive” or “hypoallergenic.” Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and benzophenone‐3 (BP3) were less prevalent in products for children [(P = .004) and (P = .029), respectively]. Eighty‐five percent of sunscreen products labeled for kids contained at least one chemical UV filter. There was no significant difference between BP3, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM), and octocrylene (OCR) in products labeled for sensitive skin compared to products with no specific labels. Moreover, methylene bis‐benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) was more commonly found in products for sensitive skin than in nonsensitive products (P = .001).ConclusionsCommon allergenic UV filters were found in sunscreens labeled as sensitive and for children. Regulations for displaying these specific labels should be established for improved benefits and safety to allergy‐prone skin.
Cutaneous manifestations of congenital malignant rhabdoid tumor: Unusual papillomatous plaques and other skin presentations
Authors: Luu Minnelly , Halbert Anne , Yan Albert , Rubin Adam , McMahon Patrick , Liang Marilyn , Vadeboncoeur Sophie , Frieden Ilona J. , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMalignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are highly aggressive tumors with a predilection for the kidney, central nervous system, and soft tissues that usually affect young children under three years of age. Primary presentation in the skin is rarely reported, and features of the cutaneous manifestations are not well described. We report six cases of metastatic MRT that first manifested with congenital nodules and masses in the skin.MethodsRetrospective case series.ResultsThe cutaneous presentation of MRT may be heterogeneous and can present with solitary or multifocal skin lesions. Congenital polypoidal and papillomatous plaques, including those with histologic features of neurovascular hamartoma, appear to be a unique presentation of MRT in the infant.ConclusionsMalignant rhabdoid tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual skin tumors in neonates and infants.
Pellagra secondary to selective eating in a child with autism
Authors: Zaenglein Andrea , Martin Ashley , Carlson Lisa , Williams Keith E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOnce a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, health care providers rarely see primary pellagra in developed countries where fortification of foods with niacin is commonplace and niacin‐rich foods are generally widely available. We report a ten‐year‐old boy with autism spectrum disorder who presented with photosensitive dermatitis which resolved after vitamin supplementation and dietary changes. In this child, the pellagra developed as the result of a long‐term pattern of selective eating. Restricted diets, even to the point of nutrient deficiencies, are well‐documented among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Using cold plasma to treat warts in children: A case series
Authors: Friedman Peter C. , Fridman Gregory , Fridman Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTreatment of warts is especially challenging in the pediatric patient population because of the pain associated with many of available treatments. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma is a novel treatment with expanding clinical uses for a variety of skin conditions. In this case series, we present five pediatric patients who achieved full clearance of warts with cold plasma treatment. While further studies are needed, these results are promising because of the efficacy and entirely painless nature of this treatment modality.
Moderators of the internal consistency of error‐related negativity scores: A meta‐analysis of internal consistency estimates
Authors: Clayson Peter E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo ensure adequate reliability (i.e., internal consistency), it is common in studies using event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) to exclude participants for having too few trials. This practice is particularly relevant for error‐related ERPs, such as error‐related negativity (ERN), where the number of recorded ERN trials is not entirely under the researcher's control. Furthermore, there is a widespread practice of inferring reliability based on published psychometric research, which assumes that internal consistency is a universal property of ERN. The present, preregistered reliability generalization study examined whether there is heterogeneity in internal consistency estimates of ERN scores and whether contextual factors moderate reliability. A total of 189 internal consistency estimates from 68 samples nested within 43 studies (n = 4,499 total participants) were analyzed. There was substantial heterogeneity in ERN score internal consistency, which was partially moderated by the type of paradigm (e.g., Stroop, flanker), the clinical status of the sample, the ocular artifact correction procedure, measurement sensors (single versus cluster), and the approach to scoring and estimating reliability, suggesting that contextual factors impact internal consistency at the individual study level. Age, sex, year of publication, artifact rejection procedure, acquisition system, sample type (undergraduate versus community), and length of mean amplitude window did not significantly moderate reliability. Notably, the overall estimated reliability of ERN scores was below established standards. Recommendations for improving ERN score reliability are provided, but the routine failure of most ERN studies to report internal consistency represents a substantial barrier to understanding the factors that impact reliability.
Evidence‐based practice in child and adolescent mental health services – The challenge of implementing national guidelines for treatment of depression and anxiety
Authors: Westerlund Anna , Ivarsson Anneli , Richter‐Sundberg Linda 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMental health problems are one of the most pressing public health concerns of our time. Sweden has seen a sharp increase in mental disorders among children and youth during the last decade. The evidence base for treatment of psychiatric conditions has developed strongly. Clinical practice guidelines aim to compile such evidence and support healthcare professionals in evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. In Sweden, the national guidelines for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents were launched in 2010. The aim of this study was two folded, (i) to explore to what extent these guidelines were known and adhered to by health professionals in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and (ii) to investigate factors influencing implementation of the guidelines informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.MethodsA qualitative approach was used, and data were collected through interviews with 18 health professionals in Child Mental Health Services in Sweden and a combination of conventional and directed content analyses was used. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided and structured data collection and analysis.ResultsThe guidelines were largely unknown by health professionals in Child Mental Health Services in all the clinics investigated. Adherence to guideline recommendations was reported as very low. Barriers to implementation were found in relation to the characteristics of the intervention, outer setting, inner setting and characteristics of the individuals involved.ConclusionsThe government initiative to develop and disseminate the guidelines seems to have made very little impact on health professionals’ clinical practice. The guidelines were poorly aligned with the health professionals’ knowledge and beliefs about effective mental health services for children and youth with depression and anxiety disorders. Suggestions for future efforts to improve the development and implementation of guidelines in Child Mental Health Services settings are given.
Patterns, quality and appropriateness of surgical referrals in Malawi
Authors: Pittalis Chiara , Brugha Ruairi , Bijlmakers Leon , Mwapasa Gerald , Borgstein Eric , Gajewski Jakub 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesReliable referral systems are essential to the functionality and efficiency of the wider health care system in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), particularly in surgery as the disease burden is growing while resources remain constrained and unevenly distributed. Yet, this is a critically under‐researched area. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of surgical referral systems in a LMIC, Malawi, with a view to shedding light on this important aspect of public health and share lessons learned.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of all inter‐hospital referrals received at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in 2014–2015. A subsample of 255 referrals was assessed by three independent surgical experts against necessity and quality of the transfer to identify any inefficiencies in the referral process.Results1317 patients were referred to QECH during the study period (average 53/month), 80% sent by government district hospitals. One in 3 cases were referred unnecessarily, many of which could have been managed locally. In 82% of cases, there was no communication with QECH prior to referral, 41% had incorrect/incomplete diagnosis by the referring clinicians and 39% of referrals were not timely.ConclusionsOur findings provide the first evidence on the state of the surgical referral system in Malawi and contribute to building the body of knowledge necessary to inform system improvements. Responses should include reducing inappropriate use of specialist care and ensuring better care pathways for surgical patients, especially in rural areas, where access to specialist expertise is not available at present.
An extended root phenotype: the rhizosphere, its formation and impacts on plant fitness
Authors: de la Fuente Cantó Carla , Simonin Marie , King Eoghan , Moulin Lionel , Bennett Malcolm J. , Castrillo Gabriel , Laplaze Laurent 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYPlants forage soil for water and nutrients, whose distribution is patchy and often dynamic. To improve their foraging activities, plants have evolved mechanisms to modify the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of the rhizosphere, i.e. the soil compartment under the influence of the roots. This dynamic interplay in root−soil−microbiome interactions creates emerging properties that impact plant nutrition and health. As a consequence, the rhizosphere can be considered an extended root phenotype, a manifestation of the effects of plant genes on their environment inside and/or outside of the organism. Here, we review current understanding of how plants shape the rhizosphere and the benefits it confers to plant fitness. We discuss future research challenges and how applying their solutions in crops will enable us to harvest the benefits of the extended root phenotype.
Fiscal incentives and local tax competition: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yongzheng , Tai Hang , Yang Chenping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how fiscal incentives affect capital tax decisions by local governments in the Chinese context. We develop a model in which local governments, facing different fiscal incentives, compete for mobile capital over corporate taxes. The key prediction of the model, borne out in data from Chinese cities over the years 2004–13, is that an increase in the local corporate income tax‐sharing ratio, proxying local fiscal incentives, makes city governments’ horizontal tax reactions stronger. Our results contribute to the fiscal federalism literature by providing evidence in support of the argument that fiscal incentives faced by local governments significantly shape their policy choices. Additionally, we provide explicit evidence on local tax competition within provinces in China, which has long been regarded as one of the driving forces of China's rapid economic growth.
Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) infestation in two Malaysian cats treated with oral lotilaner
Authors: Han Hock Siew , Yasmin Lynn 
Published: April 2020

The most common fly species associated with screwworm myiasis in Southeast Asia is Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), the Old‐World screwworm. Treatment of screwworm myiasis in cats traditionally has comprised subcutaneous injection of ivermectin or oral administration of nitenpyram, combined with aggressive tissue debridement and larval removal under general anaesthesia. Two cats diagnosed with cutaneous myiasis caused by the larvae of Ch. bezziana were treated with lotilaner. In both cats, a single dose of lotilaner at 6–26 mg/kg, killed all larvae within 24 h, negating the need for general anaesthesia. Both cats were simultaneously infested with Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi) which also was eradicated with lotilaner. No adverse reactions were observed and both cats recovered without complications.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: April 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 5 Gianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLeila Youssef, Arab Open University, LebanonMaria Rachel Queiroz, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BrazilMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMelike Özüdoğru, Manisa Celal Bayar University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMuhammad Haris Effendi-Hasibuan, Universitas Jambi, IndonesiaRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USAShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandWenjuan Sang, Indiana University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Dynamic Analysis and Design of an Innovative Sit-to-Stand Gait Trainer
Authors: Yagiela Michael , Johnson Richard W. , Schmitz Anne , Steinbrink Scott , Piovesan Davide 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper illustrates three examples of how to implement dynamic lifting support, including the solution adopted in the Up n’ Free® (Easy-Walking Inc., Maple Glen, PA). The Up n' Free system can lift the user from a seated posture to a standing position through the employment of a four-bar mechanism and gas piston. When the user is standing, the mechanism can provide partial compensation from gravity to help the user regain mobility. The compensation can be provided while standing without taxing the arms and shoulders with the use of crutches. By using this system, users can sit and stand without assistance from another person and can also receive compensation for gravity loads while walking. This group is not involved with the design and commercialization of the Up n' Free product but uses that design as a reference of comparison for two additional actuation solutions, one of which involves a cam acting on a rubber band. The piston in the Up n' Free is positioned between the bottom part of the walker frame and the four-bar mechanism. We propose a more compact configuration where the piston is located within the four-bar mechanism. This work discusses the pros and cons of the two gas spring cylinder configurations. Common problems arising with both configurations are the difficulty of regulating the minimum and maximum force at the seat, as well as the inability to define a force profile for the transition from sitting to standing. Thus, a new actuation system to implement the dynamic lifting support is proposed, where the force profile is modulated using a cam acting on an elastic band. We were able to define a linear profile of the force during the transition from sit-to-stand, thereby avoiding sudden increases in force that are typical of actuation solutions encompassing gas pistons acting on a variable moment arm.
Singular System-Based Approach for Active Vibration Control of Vehicle Seat Suspension
Authors: Li Wenxing , Du Haiping , Feng Zhiguang , Ning Donghong , Li Weihua , Sun Shuaishuai , Tu Lixin , Wei Jumei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a singular system-based approach for active vibration control of vehicle seat suspensions, where the drivers' acceleration is augmented into the conventional seat suspension model together with seat suspension deflection and relative velocity as system states to make the suspension model as a singular system. In this novel seat suspension system, all the system states are easy to measure in real-time. A friction observer is applied to estimate the real system friction and an H∞ controller is designed to achieve the optimal ride comfort performance with consideration of the friction compensation, actuator saturation, and time delay issues. The cone complementarity linearization (CCL) algorithm is applied to solve the nonlinear constraints. The experimental results show that good ride comfort performance can be achieved by the proposed controller in both the time and frequency domain compared with the uncontrolled seat suspension.