bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength studies on Geopolymer Concrete produced by Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Quarry Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Alok G , Ravali K , Guru Prasad M , Pravalika C , Sai Priya P , Sai kiran M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is one of the trending techniques adopted to replace the conventional binder by any alumino-silicate material like fly ash or GGBFS. Approximately Geoploymer concrete are as productive as conventional concrete. But the key pro of Geopolymer concrete utility is to recycle concrete waste and demolition waste are transformed into coarse aggregate, which reflects in the environment and economic benefits. The natural fine aggregate (NFA) is replaced by the residue quarry fines obtained from the crushed quarry rock often termed Quarry dust or Quarry stone dust (QSD) by proportions 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. In this research study, fly ash is utilized as the binding material activated by the di-solution of NaOH and Na2SiO3 collectively to initiate a chemical reaction to attain productive strength. From the overview of previous papers literature, the geopolymer concrete is not having any proper mix design procedures, Therefore the trial and error method adopted. This research is conducted to study over results of the practical approach on geopolymer concrete composed with 40% of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in place of Natural coarse aggregate and varying different percentages of QSD in the place of Natural fine aggregate.
Performance of hybrid waste fibrous materials in high strength concrete
Authors: Sivaraja M , Poongodi K , Jegan M , Reddy Ch Krishna , Krishnaraja AR , Murthi P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Concrete is naturally a brittle material and it can withstand high compression load but fails to withstand the tensile load. In order to improve the tensile strength in concrete, concrete composites are modified by adding steel fibers in volume fraction. However, discontinuous micro cracks are developed in plastic state of concrete. The drawback can be overcome by modifying the fibrous composites in the form of hybrid fibres. In this experimental work, a triangle series of fibres are selected to establish the hybrid fibres through steel fibers, nylon fibre and coir fibre. The total fibre dosage was restricted to 2% by volume and the hybrid fibre combination was developed by replacing one-third of fibre by other one for making high strength concrete. The performance of hybrid fibre reinforced high strength concrete (FRHSC) were analysed by studying the fresh and hardened properties.
Effect of ratio between Na2SiO3and NaOH solutions and curing temperature on the early age properties of geopolymer mortar
Authors: Murthi P , Poongodi K , Saravanan R , Rajesh chary K , Gobinath R 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGeopolymer is the new generation civil engineering material and it is replacing the conventional cement in constructional activities. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as alkaline activators to develop the geopolymer mortar in this investigation. The effect of the ratio of Na2SiO3/ NaOH (SS/SH) in the activator solution on the fresh and hardened mortar strength were studied and reported in this paper. Thermal curing was followed in most of the previous research findings and it has various limitations for cast-in-situ applications. Further, the ambient temperature curing method was considered in this study to overcome the limitations and the results were compared and presented. The control geopolymer mortar was developed with class F type fly-ash (FA). Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and corn cob ash (CCA) were substituted as FA replacing basic materials. The experimental results had shown that the addition of GGBS and CCA reduced the flow value and setting time of fresh geopolymer mortar and increasing the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar. The experimental outcomes showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar was increased due to increasing the ratio SS/SH. While considering ambient curing environment instead of thermal curing, the strength development pattern was modified and compressive strength was decreased in all the rest period.
Scale effect of rectangular and square footing of shallow foundation resting on cohesive soil
Authors: Saravanan R , Murthi P , Poongodi K , Shyam Sundar G , Gobinath R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This experimental research work was performed to evaluate settlement and bearing capacity in cohesive soil. The predominant objective of this study is to develop the existing state of the knowledge about the present simulation processes to estimate its settlement and load carrying capacity. From the past literature study, the semi-empirical procedures were studied to estimate the settlement and bearing capacity parameters. The investigation was done into three parts, based on the past literature studies. The index and laboratory experimental investigations were done in the first stage. In the second part, the experimental procedure was elaborated to determine the settlement and load carrying capacity of small-scale model tests on cohesive soil. This research works presents, the effect of small-scale laboratory tests on the load carrying and settlement of model footings. The experiments were carried out with three types of model footing such as square, rectangular, and circular shapes were chosen to study the scale effect. For the circular footing, the diameters of 30, 40, and 50 mm sizes of plates were used and for square and rectangular model footings dimensions were used as 30mm×30 mm, 40mm ×40 mm, and 50mm ×50 mm and 50mm ×33 mm, 40mm ×28 mm, and 30mm ×20 mm respectively. A steel tank of size 330×220×300 mm was fabricated and used for conducting model tests. The width of the plates ranged from 50mm to 100mm for modeling plane strain and axisymmetric problems and care taken to avoid the wall friction when the load is applied. The size effects on settlement and bearing capacity was studied under different moisture conditions such as optimum moisture and plastic limit of the soil.
A study on the effect of waste plastic strips in the stabilization of clay soil
Authors: Saravanan R , Murthi P , Poongodi K , Raju Adigoppula 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The black cotton soilis the kind of soils whose size of size modifications together with the variation in moisture content material. They will have a conduct of expanding and contracting that is a severevulnerability to constructed building above them. The swelling behaviour of clay soil is existing in north Karnataka region. Thestudy demonstrates the results of an effortto strengthen and stabilize the clay soil with waste synthetic strips. The synthetic pieces being kept readyand integrated at three diverse blending proportions (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) by mass of soil with various aspect ratios (8*8mm, 8*16mm, and8*24mm). The exploratory results demonstrated that there was obviously a development in the shear quality factors. The expanding and drying upwards conduct behaviour are additionally sensitively reduced. There was a reduction that is substantial the OMC and insignificant improvement in MDD. The maximum size of plastic (aspect ratio) and synthetic content that results in maximum outcome may be chosen based on the value for the selection parameter for a definite engineering work. Stabilizing black cotton soils with unwanted plastic containers at the same time solves the tasks of unsuitable plastic waste reutilizing that is presently a teething issue in many countries that are developing. The outcomes obtained from this investigation positively suggest that addition of this product in clay soils would succeed for ground enhancement in geotechnical engineering.
Performance of sustainable concrete with crushed rock fines–A Review
Authors: Boobalan S C , Gayathri V , Shyamala G , Maruthachalam D , Rani Sandhya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This review paper gives the performance of various concrete types by replacing the naturalriver sand by crushed rock fines. Nowadays, owing to the infrastructure developments in the developing countries natural river sand will be becoming scarce and ecological imbalance will be started occurring due to the lifting of more sand from the river beds. Many of the researchers will be working on it for selecting the appropriate material for replacing the natural river sand. Currently, the effect of alternate materials such as geosynthetic aggregates, recycled aggregates, crushed rock fines, quarry dust, slag, etc. in various types of concrete will be tested. One such material is crushed rock fines; it would be shown better performances with concrete by replacing the natural river sand by 50% replacement. This review paper has given the analysis of utilization of crushed rock fines as the partial replacement of natural river sand with compared with control concrete by various strength tests, physio-chemical properties. The utilization of crushed rock fines will be solving ecological imbalance and environmental hazards which is created by many of thecrushers.
Experimental Investigation on Jute Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Plastic Waste
Authors: Kalaivani M , Shyamala G , Ramesh S , Rajasri Reddy I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plastic waste is the major cause of environmental pollution and hence it should be recycled or reused to reduce it. Plastic wastes are used as fine aggregate in a severalquantities in the jute fibre reinforced concrete and check their aptness. This study investigates the effect of using plastic waste as an alternative for fine aggregate. The PET plastic bottle is injurious to land and health, hence the usage of plastic waste in the concrete will lead to protect the environment and human health. The partial replacement of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are the major components in the concrete. In India tons of plastic wastes are produced per year hence by reusing in the concrete can decrease the wastages. The jute fibre is one of the natural fibre and it is used in plastic waste concrete to increase the split tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete. The present study has been conducted on M20 grade concrete, by replacing fine aggregate by PET plastic waste for varying percentages such as 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The PET plastic concrete is optimized as 10% from the mechanical properties of concrete. The jute fibre is added for 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1% for various proportions by volume of optimized plastic waste concrete. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete were evaluated and compared. The experimental results of companion specimen show that the mechanical properties of plastic waste concrete increases with 0.25% of jute fibre in concrete. Utilization of M Sand and PET plastic aggregates in concrete leads to minimize the cost of construction and leads to sustainable environments. The natural fibres in concrete increase the strength of concrete.
Performance evaluation of concrete using prosopis juliflora as partial replacement of coarse aggregate
Authors: Shyamala G , Swaminathen AN , Rajasri Reddy I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the suitability of Prosopis juliflora as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Concrete mix is made with varying proportions of Prosopis juliflora stem replacing the coarse aggregate up to 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10 % and 12.5 % to the concrete percentage and results to increase in the compressive strength of the concrete cube up to 10 % was noted. Water absorption is up to 0.9 % and maximum value of flexural strength achieved at 3Mpa. Maximum strength of 34Mpa Compressive strength was achieved. Concrete with Light weight and less thermal conductivity was achieved by using Prosopis juliflora wood as partial replacement for coarse aggregate.
Thermal behavior of Concrete subjected to elevated temperature: Case Studies
Authors: Shyamala G. , Mahesh V. , Rajesh Kumar K. , Rajasri Reddy I 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFire presents a significant danger to the survival of the building and inhabitants, adverse effects at the structural level. In view of this, several researchers have measured the fire efficiency and behavioural characteristics of concrete under varying temperatures. Using indirect measures such, water permeability, as chloride ion permeability absorption and sorptivity, the resilience of concrete after fire exposure is assessed. In most previous literature, residual mechanical properties mentioned may be overvalued, where cooling was typically employed. Proper assessment of concrete fire resistance requires more experimental data found under different cooling environments, such as water spraying or water quenching. Design considerations and analytical methods are provided to determine the reaction of reinforced concrete structures to elevated-temperature settings. Related studies in which reinforced concrete structural components have being exposed to cyclic loading. The purpose of this review is to provide a description of the elevated temperature characteristics of the performance of concrete ingredients and structures. The impacts of high temperatures on high-strength concrete materials are observed and their quality is compared to standard concrete strength.
Effect of plastic powder, silica fume and steel slag in concrete-An Experimental and Analytical Approach
Authors: Sivakumar S , Rajesh Kumar K , Vinod Kumar M , Rasha  , Gurumoorthy N , Vandhiyan R , Balaji Kumar G , Kameshwari B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Emergent countries employ the broad toughened building resources such as plastic powder, silica fume and other ingredients in concrete. In accumulation, steel slag has been introduced as an alternative of coarse aggregate to put together concrete encompass good possessions. This paper describes the results of a coordinated work carried out using plastic powder, steel slag and silica fume to form the concrete. New research on concrete mix M20 was carried out for 7, 28 days by 0 ( zero) percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent replacement of fine aggregate by plastic powder, similarly steel slag was replaced by coarse aggregate and their mechanical properties of concrete were addressed by 10 percent addition of silica fume by cement credence. Bending strength has been addressed for 7 days, 28 days depending on the optimum amount of replacement of concrete strength. Depending on the optimum prescribed amount of replacement in concrete strength, flexural strength has been addressed for 7, 28 days. The experimental and finite element analysis results have been analyzed using computational techniques.
Mitigating of drying shrinkage in alkali-activated slag composites
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi , Rajesh Kumar K. , Odeyemi Samson , Mahender K , Das Shaswat , Cyriaque Kaze 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alkali activated slag composites are promising alternatives to be used as a replacement of Portland cement composites for different construction applications. However, despite the evolution of these composites over the years, its high drying shrinkage still poses a limitation on its application. The increasing interest in alkali-activated slag composites by the research community has resulted in the use of various methods and materials to mitigate the drying shrinkage. This current paper explores the different major types of mitigation techniques that can be used to reduce the drying shrinkage in alkali-activated composites. The mitigation techniques explored are in terms of the use of various materials and curing methods. Discussions presented in this paper showed that a significant reduction in the drying shrinkage can be achieved by partially replacing slag with mineral admixtures or incorporating chemical admixtures specifically made to reduce shrinkage. The use of appropriate internal or external curing method for alkali-activated slag was also found to reduce drying shrinkage effectively. However, it is recommended to carry out further research in order to fully understand the mechanism of drying shrinkage in alkali-activated slag composites in order to develop effective ways to mitigate it.
Performance Studies on white topping layers over flexible pavement
Authors: Rashmi S M , Rajesh Kumar K , Akki Basavaraj , Rajasri Reddy I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main focus of the present era is to construct a long-lasting and better performing pavement. Usually, with respect to the rehabilitation of the pavement, the construction agencies go with the bituminous overlays as their first priority without considering the condition of the existing pavement structure. But CC pavements have proved that they perform better and are long-lasting as new pavement as well as when used for rehabilitation of the existing pavement. And hence it is the era where the Thin and Ultra-Thin White Topping methods are gaining their popularity. Hence in this study, in order to arrive at the performance of the TWT and UTWT methods, various types of basic and the performance tests have been carried out with different combinations of concrete i). Plain Cement Concrete ii). Cement replaced by Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) (50%) iii). With admixture (Conplast NC) iv) 50% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag GGBS + Conplast NC. Later to understand the performance of these combinations, the composite beams with varying thickness are subjected to repeated wheel loads under Modified Immersion Wheel Tracking Equipment along with a bituminous layer of 50mm thick below the cement concrete layer. The performance results of 150mm thick admixture added CC beam and the 100mm thick GGBS & Admixture added CC beam has almost the same value. Hence, it can be concluded that the slab thickness can be reduced by 50mm by replacing 50% GGBS to the Admixture added CC beam.
Effect of bacteria on strength and porosity of M-sand based pumpable concrete
Authors: Murthi P , Poongodi K , Rajasri Reddy I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental investigation which was carried out to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the compressive strength, porosity of M-sand concrete. The river sand was replaced by M-sand and M20 and M30grade pumpable concreteswere designed for investigation purpose. The w/c ratio of the concrete was selected as 0.45 and 0.4 respectively. Bacillus subtilis bacteria was included at a concentration of 30x105 cells/mL of water. The compressive strength, water absorption and porosity of concrete were determined after the curing periodof 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. Results were indicated that the substitution of M-sand instead of river sand was reduced the compressive strength up to 20% when compared with river sand based control concrete. The porosity and water absorptionbehaviour of M-sand concrete were observed in higher order than that of control concrete. On the addition of bacteria, 37%-45% reduction in water absorption and porosity level of bacterial M-sand concrete was achieveddue to the self-healing of micro crack in the concrete.
Impact of Partial Replacement of Cement by Coconut Shell Ash and Coarse Aggregate by Coconut Shell on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Vasanthi P , Senthil Selvan S , Murthi P , Rajasri Reddy I , Poongodi K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
India is the third largest coconut cultivating country in the world. South India states are the predominant coconut cultivating area in India. Coconut shell (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are unavoidable by-products from agricultural industry. As a part of solid waste management, the investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing cement by CSA and coarse aggregate by CS. The replacement level was considered as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in both cement and coarse aggregate by CSA and CS respectively. Normal strength concrete was considered in this investigation. The density and mechanical properties of concrete such as 28 days cured compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Using 3D graphical analysis, the optimum replacement of cement and coarse aggregate was predicated in this investigation.
Investigation of Strain in Infill Frames using Nastran Patran
Authors: Golla Swamy Yadav , Santhosh Reddy B. , Prabhanjan N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Masonry infill is usually neglected in the design and it is treated as a non-structural element instead of its stiffness and lateral resistance capacity. Their presence in the RC frame could also affect the lateral load resistance. The interaction of infill presence in the RC frame will also depend on the aspect ratio of frame and openings presence in the infill. The infill collapse initiated disaster of RC Framed structures are mainly concerned by the researchers recently. Many researchers considered experimentation up to a single-story single bay frame may be due to constraints in their facilities. A 3-bay 3-Storey Frame is considered in the present study using finite element package using MSC Nastran for different frame such as bare frame, Infill frame with different openings provided in it, and meshing was done finally strains were taken at middle third distances on each member of the internal panel of the bare frame, Infill frame, Infill frame with window opening, Infill frame with door opening, Infill frame with window and door openings and a comparison was made with infill frame and presence of openings in the infilled frame.
Strength and Settlement studies on basalt fiber reinforced marginal soil
Authors: Gobinath R , Mahesh V , Shyamala G. , Rajesh Adla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laboratory soil tests had conducted footing settlement studies analysis for sand and soil, but still a research gap exist that not many studies were done for reinforced and stabilized earth. In thus study, an attempt is made to analyze the load vs. settlement characteristics of various reinforced soils using an small size square reaction tank of 50x 25x18 cm. Various reinforced soils such as Basalt fiber in 2% reinforcement and optimum moisture content for this proportions is found to be 10% and soil in the reaction tank is filled with this OMC and kept for 48 hours for mellowing. A 5-ton capacity loading frame is used for loading, settlement characteristics measurements were using precise dial gauges and load settlement curve were drawn.
Machine Learning based Landslide Prediction System for Hilly Areas
Authors: Archana Reddy R , Gobinath R , Khanna Chilupuri Saloni , Shyamala g 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recent decade had seen many natural hazards across the globe claiming numerous human lives and caused severe damage to infrastructure creating havoc. Landslide is one such natural disaster which not only creates irreversible damage but also proved to be frequently occurring in hilly areas. Several parts of the world suffer from landslides, and numerous research works were conducted across the globe to predict and manage landslides. In these works, researchers had used a specific Machine Learning-based prediction system to provide early warning before potential landslide occurs. Bountiful research works conducted on landslide generation proved that elevated water content in the soil, which may increase due to continuous and prolonged rainfall occurring in the slopes, leads to most of the landslides. It is evident that measuring the amount of rainfall is the key to predict landslide generation. This is an area where we looked upon and had developed a mechanism to predict landslides using machine learning models. This study uses seven machine learning algorithms that are trained and tested with integrated rainfall and landslide data for 36 meteorological subdivisions of India from the years 2009 to 2019. The results obtained were consistent and reliable, the algorithm that outperformed other algorithms is Logistic Regression with an accuracy of about 94.6 %. This predictive model shows better performance than the conventional rainfall threshold method.