bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional management of chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wiese Mats , Gärtner Simone , Doller Julia , Tran Quang Trung , Frost Fabian , Bannert Karen , Jaster Robert , Berlin Peggy , Valentini Luzia , Meyer Fatuma , Metges Cornelia C , Lamprecht Georg , Lerch Markus M , Aghdassi Ali A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimMalnutrition is a frequent complication of chronic pancreatitis. Adequate nutritional support is imperative, but there is still uncertainty about the optimal nutritional treatment. This work systematically compiles evidence from randomized controlled trials investigating dietary interventions in chronic pancreatitis and, in a further step, contrasts those findings with existing dietary recommendations.MethodsThe literature search (PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) included English and German full‐text articles, which had been published in peer‐reviewed journals. Two independent reviewers identified and selected studies. For meta‐analysis, forest plots with 95% confidence intervals were generated using a random‐effects model.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials fulfilled all selection criteria. In these trials, the following dietary interventions were tested: antioxidant treatment (n = 6), vitamin D supplementation (n = 3), supplementation with oral nutritional supplements (n = 1), and symbiotics supplementation (n = 1). Studies were of good methodological quality (mean Jadad score of 3.6) but heterogeneous in terms of interventions and study populations. Only for vitamin D, there was convincing evidence for efficacy of supplementation. We found no effect for antioxidant treatment on pain relief (standardized mean difference = −0.12; 95% confidence interval −0.73 to 0.48) and limited generalizability for interventions with oral nutritional supplements and symbiotics.ConclusionsNutritional management in chronic pancreatitis remains challenging. As well‐designed randomized controlled trials are scarce, in large part, recommendations can only be based on low‐level evidence studies or expert opinion. For now, consumption of a balanced diet remains the cornerstone recommendation for prevention, whereas more goal‐directed interventions are indicated for specific nutrient deficiencies.
Recurrence pattern and surveillance strategy for rectal neuroendocrine tumors after endoscopic resection
Authors: Chung Hye Gyo , Goh Myung Ji , Kim Eun Ran , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Tae Jun , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young‐Ho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic resection is highly effective treatment option for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) as they usually present as small localized tumors. However, there are no well‐established surveillance strategies following endoscopic resection. We established our own protocol for the surveillance of rectal NETs after endoscopic resection since 2013. This study aimed to assess the outcome and to optimize the surveillance strategies after endoscopic resection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with endoscopically treated rectal NETs between January 2013 and April 2018 at Samsung Medical Center. We analyzed 337 patients with a median follow‐up duration of 35.0 months (min–max: 12.0–88.3).ResultsA total of 329 (97.6%) patients had tumors ≤ 1 cm in size, and eight (2.4%) patients had tumors > 1 cm in diameter. Synchronous rectal NETs were diagnosed in nine (2.7%) patients. Thirteen (3.9%) patients were identified as having positive resection margins. Regardless of the salvage treatment, none of these patients developed recurrence. Metachronous rectal NETs were diagnosed in nine (2.7%) patients. Metachronous lesions were associated with the number of synchronous lesions at initial diagnosis (P < 0.001, hazard ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–2.23). Extracolonic metastasis was not detected in this study.ConclusionAlthough initial screening for detecting metastatic lesions using computed tomography is recommended, repeated imaging for detecting extracolonic recurrence was not necessary for small non‐metastatic rectal NETs. However, regular endoscopic follow‐up seems reasonable, especially in case of synchronous rectal NETs, for detecting metachronous rectal NETs.
Animal Spirits, Financial Markets, and Aggregate Instability
Authors: DAI WEI , WEDER MARK , ZHANG BO 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines whether people's animal spirits were drivers of U.S. business cycle fluctuations. In the context of an estimated macroeconomy with endogenous financial market frictions, allowing for “psychological” or nonfundamental expectational shocks improves the fit of the model and, at the posterior mode, these shocks account for well over one‐third of output fluctuations. Exogenous financial frictions are considerably less important. U.S. data favor the indeterminacy model over versions of the economy in which animal spirits cannot play a role.
Selective linkage of mitochondrial enzymes to intracellular calcium stores differs between human‐induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and neurons
Authors: Chen Huanlian , Cross Abigail C. , Thakkar Ankita , Xu Hui , Li Aiqun , Paull Dan , Noggle Scott A. , Kruger Laken , Denton Travis T. , Gibson Gary E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMitochondria and releasable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium modulate neuronal calcium signaling, and both change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The releasable calcium stores in the ER are exaggerated in fibroblasts from AD patients and in multiple models of AD. The activity of the alpha‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), a key mitochondrial enzyme complex, is diminished in brains from AD patients, and can be plausibly linked to plaques and tangles. Our previous studies in cell lines and mouse neurons demonstrate that reductions in KGDHC increase the ER releasable calcium stores. The goal of these studies was to test whether the relationship was true in human iPSC‐derived neurons. Inhibition of KGDHC for one or 24 hr increased the ER releasable calcium store in human neurons by 69% and 144%, respectively. The effect was mitochondrial enzyme specific because inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, another key mitochondrial enzyme complex, diminished the ER releasable calcium stores. The link of KGDHC to ER releasable calcium stores was cell type specific as the interaction was not present in iPSC or neural stem cells. Thus, these studies in human neurons verify a link between KGDHC and releasable ER calcium stores, and support the use of human neurons to examine mechanisms and potential therapies for AD.
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The mechanisms of action and use of botulinum neurotoxin type A in aesthetics: Key Clinical Postulates II
Authors: Nestor Mark S. , Arnold David , Fischer Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe literature on botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A) is extensive, often contradictory, and confounded by a competitive market of products and research attempting to distinguish brand individuality.MethodsA comprehensive review of literature on the principles of BoNT‐A in aesthetics as well as clinical examples.ResultsIn 2017, the Eight Key Clinical Postulates were formulated as a guide for the aesthetic practitioner in understanding BoNT‐A pharmacodynamics and to compare different toxins. These are now updated to include (a) All type A toxins act identically; (b) The mathematical relationship between toxin and receptor is the basis of efficacy, and clinical efficacy is influenced by molecular potency and patient attributes including muscle mass, gender, age, and ethnicity; (c) Efficacy, onset, and duration are functions of “molecular potency” defined as the number of active 150 kDa molecules available for binding; (d) “Molecular potency” is difficult to objectively quantify for commercially available toxins; (e) Up to a point, increased molecular potency decreases time to onset and increases duration of effect, and the “Molecular Potency Quotient” is a construct for comparing molecular potency commercial cost; (f) The area of effect of a toxin injection is dependent upon molecular potency, diffusion (passive), and spread (active); (g) Differing reconstitution volumes; and (h) Increased number of injection sites can affect spread, onset, and duration of effect.ConclusionsThe principles of BoNT‐A use in aesthetics are complex yet understandable as outlined in the framework of the updated Eight Key Clinical Postulates and serves as a useful tool for providing the most effective treatment and interpreting research on present and future toxin formulations.
Palliative care needs experienced by Danish patients with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Boje Julie , Madsen Jens Kristian , Finderup Jeanette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) may have palliative care needs. A tool validated in a Danish context to identify such needs is lacking. The Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale—Renal (IPOS‐Renal) aims to identify patients' palliative care needs. The current study is the first phase of a research project translating and validating the IPOS‐Renal into Danish.ObjectivesTo investigate palliative care needs among Danish patients with ESKD.DesignA literature review was conducted using meta‐ethnography inspired by Noblit and Hare. A focus group with health care professionals (HCPs) and semi‐structured individual patient interviews were conducted and analysed using Malterud's principles of systematic text condensation.ResultsA synthesis of 15 studies, a focus group with 13 HCPs, and interviews with nine patients were conducted. We found that patients with ESKD experienced several symptoms related to physical, social, mental and existential and practical needs. The most prominent findings were fatigue, reduced physical functioning, dizziness, impaired memory, dependency on relatives or HCPs, social isolation and loss of identity.ConclusionThe palliative care needs identified in the Danish patient population are substantiated by the IPOS‐Renal questionnaire. However, some Danish patients also appear to struggle with dizziness and impaired memory. These symptoms do not appear specifically in the IPOS‐Renal questionnaire but may have to be included in a Danish version.
Giraffe diurnal recumbent behavior and habitat utilization in Katavi National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Saito M. , Idani G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResting behaviors play an important role in animals’ daily activities by minimizing energy consumption. Although this may be equally important to other behavioral states for sustaining life, it has not been well studied in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). This study characterized the bout duration, frequency, and age–sex class differences in diurnal recumbent behavior of free‐ranging giraffe. Additionally, it is currently unknown whether giraffe utilize shady or safe areas for diurnal recumbency, as many other animals do. Therefore, we also investigated this in the present study. Data were collected in Katavi National Park, Tanzania, during four time periods. The duration of recumbency bouts was calculated from 170 episodes, and the frequency of recumbency was determined by following 24 individuals for more than 10 h each. Habitat type was categorized into wooded grassland or miombo woodland, and habitat preference was analyzed based on 173.6 h of observations. We found no significant difference in the duration of recumbency bouts among the four age‐classes and between sexes in adults. On the other hand, calves (n = 2) rested more frequently than did other age‐groups, possibly due to differences in predation risk or activity budgets. Adult males had a higher frequency of recumbency compared to adult females, possibly because pregnant/nursing females were hindered in adopting this posture. We also found that giraffe primarily utilized the miombo woodland for daytime recumbency, likely because the high tree density reduces heat stress, and its seclusion from the river reduces predation risk.
Cell division is antagonized by the activity of peptidoglycan endopeptidases that promote cell elongation
Authors: Truong Thao T. , Vettiger Andrea , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall composed of glycans crosslinked by short peptides surrounds most bacteria and protects them against osmotic rupture. In Escherichia coli, cell elongation requires crosslink cleavage by PG endopeptidases to make space for the incorporation of new PG material throughout the cell cylinder. Cell division, on the contrary, requires the localized synthesis and remodeling of new PG at midcell by the divisome. Little is known about the factors that modulate transitions between these two modes of PG biogenesis. In a transposon‐insertion sequencing screen to identify mutants synthetically lethal with a defect in the division protein FtsP, we discovered that mutants impaired for cell division are sensitive to elevated activity of the endopeptidases. Increased endopeptidase activity in these cells was shown to interfere with the assembly of mature divisomes, and conversely, inactivation of MepS was found to suppress the lethality of mutations in essential division genes. Overall, our results are consistent with a model in which the cell elongation and division systems are in competition with one another and that control of PG endopeptidase activity represents an important point of regulation influencing the transition from elongation to the division mode of PG biogenesis.
A Master Equation for Photochemical Rates
Authors: Bolton James R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditionally, the general photochemical rate equation could be integrated only at two limits (high concentration and low concentration). In this paper, the general photochemical equation has been integrated to yield a master equation that is valid for any chromophore concentration. Hence, in future, data for all concentrations can be utilized in deriving the incident photon flux and/or the quantum yield for a photochemical reaction. Unfortunately, the master equation can only be used for monochromatic light sources.
Asian American Christian theology: Topographies, trajectories, and possibilities
Authors: Koh SueJeanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article introduces some of the history, thematic issues, and communities of Asian American Christian theology. “Asian American Christian theology” here is understood as a more expansive rather than narrowly defined endeavor, including the work of biblical scholars, practical theologians, ethicists, systematic theologians, and historians. Employing Edward Said's concept of Orientalism in order to situate Asian Americans as both the racial and religious “other,” Asian American Christians have been simultaneously the “perpetual foreigner” and “heathen” in the white American, Christian imaginary. The article argues that Asian American Christian theology reflects this history and so vacillates in various intellectual, racial, and political spaces as a discourse invested in projects of belonging on the one hand and projects of solidarity on the other. The final section offers that a de‐Orientalization of Asian American Christian theology will require an increased attention to interreligious dialog and transpacific connections, which will play critical roles in Asian American Christianity's resistance to its domestication.
Nitrous oxide dynamics during denitrification along a hydrological gradient of subtropical grasslands
Authors: Hu Jing , Inglett Kanika S. , Wright Alan L. , Clark Mark W. , Reddy K. Ramesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics during denitrification, including N2O production and reduction, particularly as related to soil depth, are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the rates of N2O production and reduction processes at various soil depths along a hydrological gradient in grazed subtropical grasslands. A batch incubation study was conducted on soils collected along a hydrological gradient representing isolated wetland (Center), transient edge (Edge) and pasture upland (Upland) in south‐central Florida. Significantly different N2O production and reduction rates between hydrological zones were observed for surface soils (0–10 cm) under ambient conditions, with average N2O production rates of 0.368, 0.178 and 0.003 N2O‐N kg−1 dry soil h−1 for Center, Edge and Upland, respectively, and average N2O reduction rates of 0.063, 0.132 and 0.002 N2O‐N kg−1 dry soil h−1. Nitrous oxide production and reduction in subsurface soils maintained low rates and showed small variations between depths and hydrological zones. Our results suggest that N2O dynamics were affected by depth, mainly through labile organic carbon (C) and microbial biomass C, being influenced by hydrological zone primarily through soil NO3‐ content. The spatial distribution of N2O fluxes from denitrification along the hydrological gradient is likely attributed to the differences in N2O production and reduction in surface soils.
Effects of riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment on pathogen reduction and platelets
Authors: Yin Yundi , Li Ling , Gong Li , Xu Haixia , Liu Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathogen reduction technology has become an accepted method for limiting transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). Riboflavin and ultraviolet light (RUV) treatment of platelets (PLTs) is an optional means of pathogen inactivation owing to its safety, effectiveness, and ease of use. However, the literature on effects of ultraviolet (UV) light spectra and doses on pathogen reduction is still contradictory.MethodsWe tested the effectiveness of killing Escherichia coli following RUV exposure with one broad‐spectrum and two narrow‐spectrum light sources centered at 311 and 365 nm and at successively higher doses by limited dilution survival assays. After comparing the effectiveness of E coli and phage inactivation (n = 6) and the changes in PLT count and metabolism caused by RUV treatment with optimized UV light at increasing doses, we confirmed our results by using four model virus systems that represent common TTIs, as well as PLT function and activation assays at an optimized light dose.ResultsThe narrow‐spectrum UV, centered at 311 nm, optimally reduced the E coli titer with a light dose ≥8.11 J/mL, resulting in the same trend of E coli and phage reduction at different light doses. At 8.11 J/mL, 311‐nm narrow‐spectrum UV had a good inactivation effect on E coli and phages, eliminating many viruses, and resulted in acceptable PLT quality after RUV treatment and during storage for 4 days.ConclusionsOur data suggest restricting exposure to narrow‐spectrum UV centered at 311 nm can increase E coli elimination and potentially optimize virus titer reduction without significantly compromising PLT quality.
Additive Manufacturing Review: Early Past to Current Practice
Authors: Beaman J. J. , Bourell D. L. , Seepersad C. C. , Kovar D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a set of manufacturing processes that are capable of producing complex parts directly from a computer model of the part. This review provides a history of the early antecedents of these processes. In addition, the different classes of AM processes and their commercialization are presented and discussed along with their fields of use. This paper emphasizes AM processes that produce production quality parts. The review also addresses design issues and the commercial state of the art for production of polymer, metal, and ceramic parts. A main emphasis of this paper is the development and motivations for AM especially during its nascent years. The paper is written for the general readership of manufacturing professionals and researchers.
Design of a Deep Post Gripping Perception Framework for Industrial Robots
Authors: Zoghlami Firas , Kurrek Philip , Jocas Mark , Masala Giovanni , Salehi Vahid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of flexible and autonomous robotic systems is a possible solution for automation in dynamic and unstructured industrial environments. Pick and place robotic applications are becoming common for the automation of manipulation tasks in an industrial context. This context requires the robot to be aware of its surroundings throughout the whole manipulation task, even after accomplishing the gripping action. This work introduces the deep post gripping perception framework, which includes post gripping perception abilities realized with the help of deep learning techniques, mainly unsupervised learning methods. These abilities help robots to execute a stable and precise placing of the gripped items while respecting the process quality requirements. The framework development is described based on the results of a literature review on post gripping perception functions and frameworks. This results in a modular design using three building components to realize planning, monitoring and verifying modules. Experimental evaluation of the framework shows its advantages in terms of process quality and stability in pick and place applications.
Effect of Blowing Ratio on Mist-Assisted Air Film Cooling of a Flat Plate: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pabbisetty Mallikarjuna Rao , Prasad B. V. S. S. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel mist-assisted air film cooling scheme is proposed by Li and Wang (2006, “Simulation of Film Cooling Enhancement With Mist Injection,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 128, pp. 509–519) to increase the film cooling effectiveness of a gas turbine cooled vane/blade. This scheme is further investigated experimentally in this article to determine the effect of the blowing ratio. The coolant is made to pass through the film holes on a flat plate mounted in a test facility. Tiny water droplets, characterized by Rosin-Rammler mean diameter of about 36.7 μm measured with a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system is introduced into the cooling air. The effectiveness values are evaluated by measuring the plate surface temperature with the infrared (IR) camera. The maximum percentage of the mist-assisted film cooling effectiveness is 26% more than air film cooling effectiveness when 2.1% of mist is added to the air. In addition, the coolant coverage on the plate is found to be much better with mist cooling in both the streamwise and the spanwise directions. The net enhancement due to the mist-assisted air film cooling effectiveness (Δη) decreases with the increasing values of the blowing ratio in the range of 0.55–2.58 at a density ratio of 2.2.