bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes controlling the development of talus slopes in SW Spitsbergen: The role of deglaciation and periglacial conditions
Authors: Senderak Krzysztof , Kondracka Marta , Gądek Bogdan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe location of Svalbard at the interface between the warm Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans causes the terrestrial environment to be highly sensitive to contemporary climate warming. Talus slopes provide a component of glaciated areas that has been registering these changes on a scale of several thousand years. However, knowledge about their development during glacial recession is still limited. This paper fills this gap by providing unique data obtained by geophysical methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), regarding the talus slopes in Revdalen (SW Spitsbergen), which was last glaciated in the Neoglacial period. The results indicate that the thickness of talus slopes depends first of all on the size of the sediment supply area and only secondarily on the stage of development. The initial content of buried glacial ice in the talus deposits is differential and depends on both the rate of deglaciation and the local intensity of rock wall denudation. Over time, as a result of creep, the presence of massive ice is limited to ever lower parts of the slope. Above, there is aggradation of pore ice in delivered debris material. At the end of this stage, the buried glacial ice can form, or co‐create together with pore ice, the core of subslope rock glaciers. The relatively long period since the beginning of the Revdalen deglaciation allowed a general model of the development of talus slopes in the polar environment to be prepared.
Accelerating CEST MRI in the mouse brain at 9.4 T by exploiting sparsity in the Z‐spectrum domain
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

PurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MR contrast modality offering an enhanced sensitivity for the detection of dilute metabolites with exchangeable protons. Quantitative analysis requires the acquisition of a number of images (usually between 20 and 50 RF offsets) per Z‐spectrum, leading to long acquisition times of the order of 5‐40 min in practice. In this work, we explore the possibility of employing sparsity in the Z‐spectrum domain (irradiation offset dimension) to provide an accelerated acquisition scheme without compromising the quality of reconstructed CEST spectra.Method and TheoryEx vivo and in vivo data were acquired on an experimental, small animal 9.4 T system. Three different reconstruction methods were tested: k‐Z SPARSE, k‐Z SLR and k‐Z principal component analysis (PCA) using retrospective undersampling with net acceleration factors R = 2, 3, 5. The quality of the reconstructed data was compared with respect to CEST spectra and full magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) asymmetry maps.ResultsIn both phantom and in vivo data, CEST spectra and the resulting MTR asymmetry maps were reconstructed without significant deterioration in data quality. For a low acceleration factor (R = 2, 3) all applied methods resulted in similar data quality, while for high acceleration factor (R = 5) only k‐Z PCA and k‐Z SLR could be used. Loss in spatial resolution was observed in reconstruction with k‐Z PCA for all acceleration factors. An example of prospective undersampling with acceleration factor R = 3 and k‐Z PCA reconstruction demonstrates improved CEST maps when compared with fully sampled data acquisition with either three times longer scan duration or threefold prolonged acquisition window per frequency offset.ConclusionThe acquisition time of CEST spectra can be significantly accelerated by exploiting the sparsity of the Z‐domain. For prospective and retrospective analysis using k‐Z PCA, an acceleration factor of up to R = 3 can be used without significant loss in data quality.
Nutrition Interventions Associated With Favorable Growth in Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Bathgate Jennifer R. , Rigassio Radler Diane , Zelig Rena , Lagoski Megan , Murthy Karna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNutrition complications are common in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Infants diagnosed with CDH may demonstrate poor growth despite receiving enteral tube feedings and gastroesophageal reflux treatment. This literature review was conducted to determine nutrition interventions resulting in favorable growth, which may improve outcomes in these infants. Results indicate that early nutrition support, including supplemental parenteral nutrition with provisions of ≥125 kcal/kg/d and ≥2.3 g/kg/d protein (which are higher than dietary reference intakes for infants), may have a positive impact on growth, potentially impacting neurological development.
Detecting early symptoms of mental health deterioration using handwriting duration parameters
Authors: Mashio Yuhei , Kawaguchi Hideo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent years have witnessed a rapid rise in the incidence of mental health deterioration, such as depression and depressive symptoms. Therefore, early detection and measures of prevention have become important. This study aimed to develop a predictive method for assessing the incident risk of mental health deterioration by examining the associations between mental health and handwriting duration.MethodsA cohort study over four years was performed with 200 university students who volunteered to participate in this study. Participants received the Uchida‐Kraepelin test every April and completed the 30‐item general health questionnaire to evaluate their mental health. From the stroke data obtained from the digital pen in the Uchida‐Kraepelin test, two kinds of intervals were extracted. Based on these interval ratios, participants were divided into two groups. We then examined the scores of the questionnaire between the high‐risk group and the low‐risk group in the first year of the study. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether those in the high‐risk group in the first year still belonged to the high‐risk group in the fourth year.ResultsIn the “Anxiety and Dysphoria scale” in the first year, the high‐risk group had a significantly higher score than the low‐risk group. Additionally, it was found that those in the high‐risk group in the first year tended to still be in the high‐risk group in the fourth year.ConclusionThese results suggested that the indicator that we developed can be used as a predictive factor for the incident risk of mental health deterioration.
The influence of job accessibility on local residential segregation of ethnic minorities: A study of Hong Kong
Authors: Tao Sui , He Sylvia Y. , Luo Shuli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research has shown that spatial mismatch between residential location and employment opportunities acts as a key influencing factor in employment outcomes for ethnic minorities living in segregated neighbourhoods. However, the effect of job accessibility on residential choice and segregation of ethnic minorities and its relevance to spatial mismatch across different minority groups has not been fully captured, especially in high‐density, transit‐oriented cities. This study seeks to address these knowledge gaps by investigating the residential segregation of ethnic minorities in relation to job accessibility in Hong Kong. Using a suite of statistical analyses, spatial patterns of residential segregation were found to relate to disparities in the socio‐economic status of different minority groups. Furthermore, modelling results suggest a significant trade‐off between neighbourhood quality and job accessibility particularly for the retail and service industries of South/Southeast Asian groups. By contrast, more privileged minority groups, such as White and Japanese communities, were found to cluster predominantly in higher income neighbourhoods with improved amenities rather than living closer to employment opportunities. These insights contribute to a more nuanced understanding of spatial mismatch across different ethnic minority groups, with which we have proposed policy recommendations with a view towards improving job accessibility, particularly for lower income minority groups and have identified avenues for future research.
On autoregressive model selection for the exponentially weighted moving average control chart of residuals in monitoring the mean of autocorrelated processes
Authors: Li Yaping , Pan Ershun , Xiao Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the development of automation technologies, data can be collected in a high frequency, easily causing autocorrelation phenomena. Control charts of residuals have been used as a good way to monitor autocorrelated processes. The residuals have been often computed based on autoregressive (AR) models whose building needs much experience. Data have been assumed to be first‐order autocorrelated, and first‐order autoregressive (AR(1)) models have been employed to obtain residuals. But for a pth‐order autocorrelated process, how the AR(1) model affects the performance of the control chart of residuals remains unknown. In this paper, the control chart of exponentially weighted moving average of residuals (EWMA‐R) is used to monitor the pth‐order autocorrelated process. Taking the mean and standard deviation of run length as performance indicators, two types of EWMA‐R control charts, with their residuals obtained from the pth‐order autoregressive AR(p) and AR(1) models, respectively, are compared. The results of the numerical experiment show that for detecting small mean shifts, EWMA‐R control charts based on AR(1) models outperform ones based on AR(p) models, whereas for detecting large shifts, they are sometimes slightly worse. A practical application is used to give a recommendation that a large number of samples are necessary for determining an EWMA‐R control chart before using it.
Building capacity for undergraduate education and training in computational molecular science: A collaboration between the MERCURY consortium and the Molecular Sciences Software Institute
Authors: McDonald Ashley Ringer , Nash Jessica A. , Nerenberg Paul S. , Ball K. Aurelia , Sode Olaseni , Foley Jonathon J. , Windus Theresa L. , Crawford T. Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) is an National Science Foundation (NSF) funded institute that focuses on improving software, education, and training in the computational molecular sciences. Through a collaboration with the Molecular Education and Research Consortium in Undergraduate computational chemistRY (MERCURY), the MolSSI has developed resources for undergraduate and other early career students to lay an educational foundation for the next generation of computational molecular scientists. The resources focus on introducing best practices in software engineering to students from the very start to make their software more useable, maintainable, and reproducible.
Elevational gradients and distributions of aggregate associated organic carbon and nitrogen and stability in alpine forest ecosystems
Authors: Kong Junqia , He Zhibin , Chen Longfei , Yang Rong , Du Jun , Lin Pengfei , Zhu Xi , Tian Quanyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistribution and elevational controls on soil aggregate‐associated organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in alpine soils are not well known, but may be critical to the stabilization of soil C and N pools in alpine areas. In this study, we determined the variability in aggregate associated OC and N concentration and aggregate‐stability in 0 to 20 cm layers along the elevation gradient in an alpine forest (2,600–3,200 m) of the Qilian Mountains. The results showed that 1–2 mm macroaggregate accounted for the largest proportion (33.9%) of all aggregate fractions, and also contributed greater proportions (33.2 and 32.6%) to OC and N in bulk soils. Concentrations of OC and N, and C to N ratio increased with increasing aggregate size across all elevations. With increasing elevation, the proportion of >1 mm macroaggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased significantly (p < .01). Aggregate OC and N concentration and C to N ratios, and the contribution of > 1 mm aggregate OC and N to OC and N in bulk soils also increased significantly (p < .01), while the contribution of 0.25–1 mm and 0.053–0.25 mm aggregates decreased with increasing elevation. In addition, MWD, GMD, OC and N concentration in aggregate decreased with mean annual temperature (MAT) and increased with mean annual precipitation (MAP). Our results demonstrated that the stability of soil structure improved, and accumulation of OC was mainly due to increases in the contribution of OC in the >1 mm macroaggregate with increasing elevation. Given that higher elevations in this alpine forest support large concentrations of SOC and macroaggregate OC, which may be vulnerable to climate warming.
Weighted linear programming discriminant analysis for high‐dimensional binary classification
Authors: Wu Yufei , Yu Guan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLinear discriminant analysis (LDA) is widely used for various binary classification problems. In contrast to the LDA that estimates the precision matrix Ω and the mean difference vector δ in the classification rule separately, the linear programming discriminant (LPD) rule estimates the product Ωδ directly through a constrained ℓ1 minimization. The LPD rule has very good classification performance on many high‐dimensional binary classification problems. However, to estimate β* = Ωδ, the LPD rule uses equal weights for all the elements of β* in the constrained ℓ1 minimization. It may not deliver the optimal estimate of β*, and therefore the estimated discriminant direction can be suboptimal. In order to obtain better estimates of β* and the discriminant direction, we can heavily penalize βj in the constrained ℓ1 minimization if we suspect the jth feature is useless for the classification while moderately penalize βj if we suspect the jth feature is useful. In this paper, based on the LPD rule and some popular feature screening methods, we propose a new weighted linear programming discriminant (WLPD) rule for the high‐dimensional binary classification problem. The screening statistics used in the marginal two‐sample t‐test screening, Kolmogorov–Smirnov filter, and the maximum marginal likelihood screening will be used to construct appropriate weights for different elements of β* flexibly. Besides the linear programming algorithm, we develop a new alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to solve the high‐dimensional constrained ℓ1 minimization problem efficiently. Our numerical studies show that our proposed WLPD rule can outperform LPD and serve as an effective binary classification tool.
Epithelial cadherin regulates transition between the naïve and primed pluripotent states in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sharaireh Aseel M. , Fitzpatrick Lorna M. , Ward Chris M. , McKay Tristan R. , Unwin Richard D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInhibition of E-cad in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) leads to a switch from LIF-BMP to Activin/Nodal-dependent pluripotency, consistent with transition from a naïve to primed pluripotent phenotype. We have used both genetic ablation and steric inhibition of E-cad function in mESCs to assess alterations to phenotype using quantitative mass spectrometry analysis, network models, and functional assays. Proteomic analyses revealed that one third of detected proteins were altered in E-cad null mESCs (Ecad−/− mESCs) compared to wild type (624 proteins were downregulated and 705 were proteins upregulated). Network pathway analysis and subsequent cellular flux assays confirmed a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, specifically through mitochondrial complex III downregulation and hypoxia inducible factor 1a target upregulation. Central to this was the transcriptional coactivator EP300. E-cad is a well-known tumor suppressor, its downregulation during cancer initiation and metastasis can be linked to the metabolic switch known as Warburg effect. This study highlights a phenomena found in both primed pluripotent state and cancer stemness and links it to loss of E-cad. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012679.
Mesoscopic numerical simulation of fracture process and failure mechanism of cement mortar
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Chen Ying , Wang Qing , Ying Liping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCement mortar is an important part of building material and a typical cement matrix composite material. In current work, the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of cement mortar under static compression are studied by using the Base Force Element Method (BFEM). The static compression damage program of cement mortar is compiled grounded on the BFEM of the potential energy principle. An elastic polyline damage constitutive model is put forward to express the meso‐damage and evolution process of cement mortar. A 2D random circular aggregate model of cement mortar was established. The numerical simulation of the uniaxial static compression is carried out, the stress–strain curve, damage process, and damage model are obtained. The strength of the interfacial transition zone and the failure process of hardened cement mortar were discussed. A mesoscopic equivalent model is proposed to analyze the mechanical properties of cement mortar by considering the effect of initial porosity.
“English as a tool for empowering women’s educational success”: A case study of a young rural Turkmen woman
Authors: Orazova Gulshirin , Cohen James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnglish has gained in popularity as the world’s lingua franca, inviting individuals and countries to join the international community. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the use of English has dramatically increased in Turkmenistan, in Central Asia (CA). Russian was required for securing jobs, professional development, and economic well‐being in CA countries during the time of the Soviet Union, but it has been replaced with English. Using liberal feminist theory (Groenhout, 2002; Tong, 2009) and Norton’s (1995) investment theory, this case study examined the experience of one woman learning English as a foreign language in rural Turkmenistan and its role in her professional trajectory and identity development as an empowered Turkmen woman. The authors show how Ayna, the case study participant, invested in learning English as a child but was originally prohibited from postsecondary education by the family’s matriarch because Ayna is female. Later, with help from her parents and an English tutor, Ayna used her advanced English skills to access postsecondary employment and education, where she was introduced to Western philosophical and sociological texts. Through these experiences Ayna transformed her identity as an empowered woman by increasing her awareness of gender inequality, shifted her perspectives on rural village life, and took on, as she said, “an English‐speaking mindset.”
Ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial cancer by subjective pattern recognition in women with postmenopausal bleeding: prospective inter‐rater agreement and reliability study
Authors: Wong M. , Thanatsis N. , Amin T. , Bean E. , Madhvani K. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the inter‐rater agreement and reliability of using subjective pattern recognition for diagnosing endometrial cancer (EC) on ultrasound in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study conducted at a gynecological rapid‐access clinic, between October 2016 and December 2017, in which consecutive women with PMB and endometrial thickness of ≥ 4.5 mm on transvaginal ultrasound examination were included. Women on hormone replacement therapy or tamoxifen and those with a history of primary gynecological malignancy were excluded. Two raters independently performed ultrasound examinations, blinded to each other's findings, and classified women as having uniformly thickened endometrium, benign endometrial polyp or EC, using subjective pattern recognition. Inter‐rater reliability of ultrasound diagnosis was assessed using Cohen's kappa (κ) statistic. All women subsequently underwent either outpatient endometrial biopsy, hysteroscopy or hysterectomy.ResultsForty women were included in the study, with a median age of 61 (interquartile range (IQR), 57–69) years and a median endometrial thickness of 11.0 (IQR, 6.2–20.3) mm. Final histological analysis confirmed 16 (40%) women with EC, 16 (40%) with benign endometrial polyp, four (10%) with atrophic endometrium, three (8%) with proliferative endometrium and one (3%) with endometrial hyperplasia. Inter‐rater agreement for the ultrasound diagnoses of uniformly thickened endometrium, benign endometrial polyp and EC was 14/16 (87.5%), 22/30 (73.3%) and 28/34 (82.4%), respectively; inter‐rater reliability was good (κ = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49–0.88). When the ultrasound diagnoses were grouped as either cancer or no cancer, inter‐rater agreement was 85% and inter‐rater reliability was good (κ = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61–0.95). Rater A correctly identified 14/16 cases of EC and Rater B identified 15/16. EC was misdiagnosed as benign polyps on ultrasound in two women by Rater A and in one woman by Rater B. The overall accuracies of Rater A and Rater B in differentiating between benign endometrial pathologies and malignancy were 90% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsOur results show good inter‐rater reliability of subjective pattern recognition in diagnosing uniformly thickened endometrium, benign endometrial polyp and EC on ultrasound in women with PMB. Our findings should facilitate wider use of subjective pattern recognition in routine clinical practice. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The influences of plasticizer B2 mass fraction on the performances of CAB/B2 polymer composite materials: Combining experiments and simulations
Authors: Li Jing , Jin Shaohua , Chao Hui , Wang Na , Zhang Guangyuan , Lu Baoping , Chen Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/B2 (50 wt% bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl)‐acetal and 50 wt% bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl)‐formal) polymer composite material is a commonly used binder system to prepare polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). However, few literature report the influence of plasticizer B2 mass fraction on the performance of CAB/B2 polymer composite binder systems. In this study, experiment measurements and computer simulations are utilized to explore the influences of B2 mass fraction on the glass transition temperature, mechanical property, and thermal decomposition of CAB/B2 polymer composite materials. The results show that, with an increase in B2 content, the glass transition temperature and fragility of CAB/B2 are decreased, and the plasticity and ductility of CAB/B2 are enhanced. Moreover, the thermal decomposition mechanism, decomposition products, and decomposition path of CAB/B2 are unchanged with the increase in B2 content. Besides, the researchers also demonstrate that the addition of B2 is positive to the formability of CAB/B2 systems and is negative to the thermal stability of CAB/B2 systems, whereas the content of B2 has little influences on the thermal stability of CAB/B2 systems. The results obtained from this work can provide some guidance for the designs of high‐energy density PBXs.