bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous administration of Streptococcus mutans induces IgA nephropathy-like lesions
Authors: Naka Shuhei , Wato Kaoruko , Misaki Taro , Ito Seigo , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Nomura Ryota , Matsumoto-Nakano Michiyo , Nakano Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most frequently occurring types of chronic glomerulonephritis. Previous analyses have revealed that a major pathogen of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans [which expresses collagen-binding protein (Cnm) on its surface], is involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN.

Methods
Cnm-positive S. mutans isolated from a patient with IgAN was intravenously administered to specific pathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats to evaluate their kidney conditions.

Results
The urinary protein level of the S. mutans group reached a plateau at 30 days, with increased numbers of mesangial cells and an increased mesangial matrix. The numbers of rats with IgA-positive and/or C3-positive glomeruli were significantly greater in the S. mutans group than in the control group at 45 days (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy analyses revealed electron-dense depositions in the mesangial area among rats in the S. mutans group. There were significantly more CD68-positive cells (macrophages) in the glomeruli of the S. mutans group than in the glomeruli of the control group during the late phase (P < 0.05), similar to the findings in patients with IgAN.

Conclusion
Our results suggested that intravenous administration of Cnm-positive S. mutans caused transient induction of IgAN-like lesions in rats.
EEG bei Autoimmunenzephalitiden
Authors: Rüegg Stephan 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) ist eine wichtige paraklinische, nichtinvasive, reproduzierbare Untersuchungsmethode bei der diagnostischen Abklärung einer autoimmunen Enzephalitis, und sie dient auch der Therapieüberwachung im Falle von epileptischen Anfällen oder eines Status epilepticus. Bei Letzterem hat die kontinuierliche EEG-Ableitung einen hohen Stellenwert. Die EEG-Veränderungen finden sich v. a. über den temporalen und frontalen Hirnabschnitten; meistens sind sie unspezifisch und können auch bei vielen anderen Hirnerkrankungen beobachtet werden. Einzig der sog. „extreme Delta-Brush“ deutet auf eine Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartat(NMDA)-Rezeptor-assoziierte autoimmune Enzephalitis hin; dessen Fehlen bedeutet aber keineswegs den Ausschluss einer solchen Erkrankung. Die im Rahmen der autoimmunen Enzephalitis infolge von Anti-Leucin-reich-Gliom-induziertes Protein‑1(LGI‑1)-Antikörpern ebenfalls fast pathognomonischen nur 1–2 s dauernden faziobrachialen dystonen Anfälle weisen meistens kein EEG-Korrelat auf. Das EEG scheint bei autoimmuner Enzephalitis über eine gewisse Voraussagekraft hinsichtlich des Verlaufs und der Prognose zu verfügen.
Software engineering whispers: The effect of textual vs. graphical software design descriptions on software design communication
Authors: Jolak Rodi , Savary-Leblanc Maxime , Dalibor Manuela , Wortmann Andreas , Hebig Regina , Vincur Juraj , Polasek Ivan , Le Pallec Xavier , Gérard Sébastien , Chaudron Michel R. V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Context
Software engineering is a social and collaborative activity. Communicating and sharing knowledge between software developers requires much effort. Hence, the quality of communication plays an important role in influencing project success. To better understand the effect of communication on project success, more in-depth empirical studies investigating this phenomenon are needed.

Objective
We investigate the effect of using a graphical versus textual design description on co-located software design communication.

Method
Therefore, we conducted a family of experiments involving a mix of 240 software engineering students from four universities. We examined how different design representations (i.e., graphical vs. textual) affect the ability to Explain, Understand, Recall, and Actively Communicate knowledge.

Results
We found that the graphical design description is better than the textual in promoting Active Discussion between developers and improving the Recall of design details. Furthermore, compared to its unaltered version, a well-organized and motivated textual design description–that is used for the same amount of time–enhances the recall of design details and increases the amount of active discussions at the cost of reducing the perceived quality of explaining.
Improving manganese circular economy from cellulose by chelation with siderophores immobilized to magnetic microbeads
Authors: Kunz Peter M. , Mörtter Kerstin , Müller Ralf , Sommer Isabell , Weller Philipp , Wilkesman Jeff 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManganese (Mn) contained in cellulose is partially responsible for an increased consumption of paper bleaching chemicals (like O2, H2O2), consequently diminishing the efficiency in pulp processing, darkening the pulp and deteriorating pulp quality. Usually, Mn in the paper industry is removed employing the environmentally critical EDTA. A greener alternative constitutes, however, the use of siderophores, high-affinity metal-chelating organic compounds that are produced by microorganisms to acquire metals (Fe and Mn among others), like desferrioxamine B (DFOB) or desferrioxamine E (DFOE). The use of native Mn-transporter proteins, like PratA, constitutes another possibility for Mn removal. The evaluation of utilizing siderophores or PratA for Mn removal from cellulose in a circular economy scheme is therefore essential. Firstly, Mn removal from cellulose was performed by immobilizing siderophores or PratA on magnetic beads (M-PVA C22). Secondly, the beads were incubated overnight with a 2% cellulose suspension, allowing Mn-ligand complex formation. Finally, cellulose suspensions were submitted for Mn quantification, employing either the TCPP [Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] method, the PAN [1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol] method or the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). When non-immobilized ligands were employed, a 31% Mn removal was achieved; when using immobilized ligands, around 10% Mn removal was obtained. Treated and untreated cellulose was analyzed by SEM and the Mn distribution between the solid and liquid phase was parameterized using adsorption isotherm models. This novel greener method proved to be feasible and easy, leading to potential improvements in the paper industry. Next research steps are to optimize Mn removal and quantify Mn recovery after ligand decoupling before scaling-up.
Autistic Traits Mediate Reductions in Social Attention in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kerr-Gaffney Jess , Mason Luke , Jones Emily , Hayward Hannah , Harrison Amy , Murphy Declan , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with difficulties in social and emotional functioning. A significant proportion of individuals with AN show autistic traits, which may influence social attention. This study examined attention to faces and facial features in AN, recovered AN (REC), and healthy controls, as well as relationships with comorbid psychopathology. One hundred and forty-eight participants’ eye movements were tracked while watching a naturalistic social scene. Anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and autistic traits were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Participants with AN spent significantly less time looking at faces compared to REC and controls; patterns of attention to individual facial features did not differ across groups. Autistic traits mediated the relationship between group and time spent looking at faces.
Formalising $$\varSigma $$-Protocols and Commitment Schemes Using CryptHOL
Authors: Butler D. , Lochbihler A. , Aspinall D. , Gascón A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMachine-checked proofs of security are important to increase the rigour of provable security. In this work we present a formalised theory of two fundamental two party cryptographic primitives:$$\varSigma $$Σ-protocols and Commitment Schemes.$$\varSigma $$Σ-protocols allow a prover to convince a verifier that they possess some knowledge without leaking information about the knowledge. Commitment schemes allow a committer to commit to a message and keep it secret until revealing it at a later time. We use CryptHOL (Lochbihler in Archive of formal proofs, 2017) to formalise both primitives and prove secure multiple examples namely; the Schnorr, Chaum-Pedersen and Okamoto$$\varSigma $$Σ-protocols as well as a construction that allows for compound (AND and OR)$$\varSigma $$Σ-protocols and the Pedersen and Rivest commitment schemes. A highlight of the work is a formalisation of the construction of commitment schemes from$$\varSigma $$Σ-protocols (Damgard in Lecture notes, 2002). We formalise this proof at an abstract level using the modularity available in Isabelle/HOL and CryptHOL. This way, the proofs of the instantiations come for free.
Scheduling jobs with a V-shaped time-dependent processing time
Authors: Sedding Helmut A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the field of time-dependent scheduling, a job’s processing time is specified by a function of its start time. While monotonic processing time functions are well-known in the literature, this paper introduces non-monotonic functions with a convex, piecewise-linear V-shape similar to the absolute value function. They are minimum at an ideal start time, which is the same for all given jobs. Then, the processing time equals the job’s basic processing time. Earlier or later, it increases linearly with slopes that can be asymmetric and job-specific. The objective is to sequence the given jobs on a single machine and minimize the makespan. This is motivated by production planning of moving car assembly lines, in particular, to sequence a worker’s assembly operations such that the time-dependent walking times to gather materials from the line-side is minimized. This paper characterizes the problem’s computational complexity in several angles. NP-hardness is observed even if the two slopes are the same for all jobs. A fully polynomial time approximation scheme is devised for the more generic case of agreeable ratios of basic processing time and slopes. In the most generic case with job-specific slopes, several polynomial cases are identified.
Stacking sequences in composite laminates through design optimization
Authors: Cutolo A. , Carotenuto A. R. , Palumbo S. , Esposito L. , Minutolo V. , Fraldi M. , Ruocco E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComposites are experiencing a new era. The spatial resolution at which is to date possible to build up complex architectured microstructures through additive manufacturing-based and sintering of powder metals 3D printing techniques, as well as the recent improvements in both filament winding and automated fiber deposition processes, are opening new unforeseeable scenarios for applying optimization strategies to the design of high-performance structures and metamaterials that could previously be only theoretically conceived. Motivated by these new possibilities, the present work, by combining computational methods, analytical approaches and experimental analysis, shows how finite element Design Optimization algorithms can be ad hoc rewritten by identifying as design variables the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in each ply of a layered structure for redesigning fiber-reinforced composites exhibiting at the same time high stiffness and toughening, two features generally in competition each other. To highlight the flexibility and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, after a brief recalling of the essential theoretical remarks and the implemented procedure, selected example applications are finally illustrated on laminated plates under different boundary conditions, cylindrical layered shells with varying curvature subjected to point loads and composite tubes made of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, recently employed as structural components in advanced aerospace engineering applications.
Distinct serum metabolomic signatures of multiparous and primiparous dairy cows switched from a moderate to high-grain diet during early lactation
Authors: Pacífico C. , Stauder A. , Reisinger N. , Schwartz-Zimmermann H. E. , Zebeli Q. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Feeding of high-grain diets is common in cows during early lactation, but increases the odds of metabolic derailments, which can likely be detected as undesirable shifts in the serum metabolome signature.

Objectives
The present study aimed to identify the metabolic signatures of the serum metabolome of early lactation dairy cows switched from a moderate to a high-grain diet.

Methods
Targeted ESI-LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics was used to characterize metabolic alterations in the serum of early lactation multiparous (MP, n = 16) and primiparous (PP, n = 8) Simmental cows, according to parity and feeding phase. Data were analysed using different data mining approaches.

Results
Carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionoylcarnitine, amino acid related compounds cis-4-hydroxyproline, trans-4-hydroxyproline, proline betaine, lysophosphatidylcholine PC a C16:1 and phosphatidylcholine PC ae C36:0 were identified as the key metabolites distinguishing MP from PP cows. A different serum metabolite composition during moderate and high-grain diet was also evident. Notably, cows fed high grain diet had higher serum concentrations of primary bile acids and triglycerides, but lower levels of conjugated bile acids and carboxylic acids during the first week in grain. Amino acids valine, cystine and taurine together with lysophosphatidylcholine PC a C26:0 and several phosphatidylcholines were classified as important features for cluster separation.

Conclusions
Our study greatly expands earlier observations on dietary effects on serum metabolome composition of cows. The altered metabolomic fingerprints clearly distinguishable by diet and cow parity hold potential to be used as early diagnostic tools for cows experiencing grain-induced metabolic disturbances.
Good Robots, Bad Robots: Morally Valenced Behavior Effects on Perceived Mind, Morality, and Trust
Authors: Banks Jaime 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth robots and humans can behave in ways that engender positive and negative evaluations of their behaviors and associated responsibility. However, extant scholarship on the link between agent evaluations and valenced behavior has generally treated moral behavior as a monolithic phenomenon and largely focused on moral deviations. In contrast, contemporary moral psychology increasingly considers moral judgments to unfold in relation to a number of moral foundations (care, fairness, authority, loyalty, purity, liberty) subject to both upholding and deviation. The present investigation seeks to discover whether social judgments of humans and robots emerge differently as a function of moral foundation-specific behaviors. This work is conducted in two studies: (1) an online survey in which agents deliver observed/mediated responses to moral dilemmas and (2) a smaller laboratory-based replication with agents delivering interactive/live responses. In each study, participants evaluate the goodness of and blame for six foundation-specific behaviors, and evaluate the agent for perceived mind, morality, and trust. Across these studies, results suggest that (a) moral judgments of behavior may be agent-agnostic, (b) all moral foundations may contribute to social evaluations of agents, and (c) physical presence and agent class contribute to the assignment of responsibility for behaviors. Findings are interpreted to suggest that bad behaviors denote bad actors, broadly, but machines bear a greater burden to behave morally, regardless of their credit- or blame-worthiness in a situation.
Endo-urologie en stenen
Authors: Oomen Robert J.A. , Bouma-Houwert A.C. 
Published: September 2020

SamenvattingHoewel het congres in Amsterdam dit jaar geen doorgang heeft gevonden, is er toch een hoop te vertellen over de urologie. Dat blijkt uit het uitgebreide programma dat geheel virtueel werd gepresenteerd dit jaar. ‘Hot Shots’ uit alle vakgebieden schoven aan om iedereen bij te praten over hun passie. Het merendeel van de praatjes betrof oncologische onderwerpen, maar er is zeker ook het een en ander te melden op het gebied van stenen en endo-urologie
Minimaal-invasieve technieken bij benigne prostaathyperplasie
Authors: Zhu Xiaoye , d’Ancona Frank C.H. 
Published: September 2020

SamenvattingDe TURP (transurethrale resectie van de prostaat) is nog steeds de gouden standaard bij chirurgische desobstructie bij benigne prostaathyperplasie (BPH). Toch zijn er significante risico’s aan de operatie verbonden, zoals nabloeding, blaashalssclerose, urethrastrictuur en seksuele disfunctie, ondanks de intrede van bipolaire en vaporiserende technieken. Er zijn dan ook meerdere ontwikkelingen binnen de minimaal-invasieve urologie die zich richten op het verminderen van de kans op complicaties en seksuele bijwerkingen, maar die net zo effectief pogen te zijn als de TURP.
Bioactive Diarylheptanoids from Alpinia coriandriodora
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Li , Li Han-Xiang , Chen Juan , Wu Ping , Xue Jing-Hua , Zhou Zhong-Yu , Xia Nia-He , Wei Xiao-Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEight new diarylheptanoids, coriandralpinins A–H (1–8), were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia coriandriodora, an edible plant of the ginger family. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. Compounds 1–8 have a 1,5-O-bridged diarylheptanoid structure featuring polyoxygenated aryl units. When evaluated for intracellular antioxidant activity using t-BHP stressed RAW264.7 macrophages, all these compounds scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner. Compounds 3 and 5 also showed inhibitory activity against NO release in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Six known flavonols, 7,4′-di-O-methylkaempferol, 7-O-methylquercetin, 7,4′-di-O-methylquercetin, 7,3′,4′-tri-O- methylquercetin, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-(6-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)glucopyranoside, and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranuronosylquercetin were also isolated and characterized from the rhizomes.
Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Marchese Valentina , Crosato Verena , Gulletta Maurizio , Castelnuovo Filippo , Cristini Graziella , Matteelli Alberto , Castelli Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed formidable public health and clinical challenges. The use of immunosuppressive agents, such as high dose corticosteroids and cytokine inhibitors (e.g., Tocilizumab) has been suggested to contrast the hyperinflammatory process involved in the pathogenesis of the severe disease, with conflicting evidence. Among the drawbacks of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk of reactivation of latent infections, including parasitic infestations, is to be considered.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 59-year-old Italian patient treated with high dose intravenous dexamethasone and two intravenous doses of Tocilizumab for interstitial bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed itching, abdominal pain, and an increased eosinophil count. Stool examination confirmed the presence of S. stercoralis larvae. The patient was treated with a 4-day course of Ivermectin with full recovery.

Discussion
We report the first case of S. stercoralis infection following an 11-day treatment with high-dose steroids and Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of strongyloidiasis as a complication of the treatment for severe COVID-19.
Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Authors: Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Winn Robert , Kiebish Michael A. , Bountra Chas , Granger Elder , Narain Niven R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Hypertension, obesity and diabetes are major risk factors associated with morbidities underlying COVID-19 infections. Regression analysis correlated presence of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism to COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Furthermore, COVID-19 prevalence correlated to allele frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion (D) polymorphism within the European population.

Objective
Homozygous ACE deletion polymorphism is associated with increase in ACE and angiotensin II (Ang-II), sustained levels can result in inflammation, fibrosis and organ damage. The ACE DD polymorphism is also associated with hypertension, acute respiratory distress and diabetic nephropathy, all considered high risk for COVID-19 infection and outcomes. The study objective was to describe a biological framework associating ethnic prevalence of ACE deletion polymorphism to COVID-19 comorbidities providing rationale for therapeutic utility of ACE-I/ARBs to improve outcomes.

Method and Results
The Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) was queried for frequency of rs4646994 representing ACE I/D polymorphism. In a total of 349 worldwide population samples, frequency of ACE D allele was higher in European, Asian, and Africans cohorts. In the USA, the frequency of ACE D allele was higher in non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White and Mexican Americans.

Conclusion
COVID-19 binding mediated reduction/inactivation of ACE-II can increase ACE/Ang-II signalling pathway and related pathologies. The presence of ACE DD polymorphism with COVID-19 infection likely augments ACE/Ang-II activities, increasing severity of COVID-19 morbidities and impacts outcomes. Thus, ethnic prevalence of ACE DD polymorphism can explain in part the severity of COVID-19 morbidity providing rationale for the use of ACE-I/ARBs to improve outcomes.
A genetic algorithm for the fuzzy shortest path problem in a fuzzy network
Authors: Lin Lihua , Wu Chuzheng , Ma Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe shortest path problem (SPP) is an optimization problem of determining a path between specified source vertexsand destination vertextin a fuzzy network. Fuzzy logic can handle the uncertainties, associated with the information of any real life problem, where conventional mathematical models may fail to reveal proper result. In classical SPP, real numbers are used to represent the arc length of the network. However, the uncertainties related with the linguistic description of arc length in SPP are not properly represented by real number. We need to address two main matters in SPP with fuzzy arc lengths. The first matter is how to calculate the path length using fuzzy addition operation and the second matter is how to compare the two different path lengths denoted by fuzzy parameter. We use the graded mean integration technique of triangular fuzzy numbers to solve this two problems. A common heuristic algorithm to solve the SPP is the genetic algorithm. In this manuscript, we have introduced an algorithmic method based on genetic algorithm for determining the shortest path between a source vertex s and destination vertex t in a fuzzy graph with fuzzy arc lengths in SPP. A new crossover and mutation is introduced to solve this SPP. We also describe the QoS routing problem in a wireless ad hoc network.
Hochschild Cohomology, Monoid Objects and Monoidal Categories
Authors: Hellstrøm-Finnsen Magnus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper expands further on a category theoretical formulation of Hochschild cohomology for monoid objects in monoidal categories enriched over abelian groups, which has been studied in Hellstrøm-Finnsen (Commun Algebra 46(12):5202–5233, 2018). This topic was also presented at ISCRA, Isfahan, Iran, April 2019. The present paper aims to provide a more intuitive formulation of the Hochschild cochain complex and extend the definition to Hochschild cohomology with values in a bimodule object. In addition, an equivalent formulation of the Hochschild cochain complex in terms of a cosimplicial object in the category of abelian groups is provided.