bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Household Wealth Shocks Affect Productivity? Evidence from Innovative Workers During the Great Recession
Authors: BERNSTEIN SHAI , MCQUADE TIMOTHY , TOWNSEND RICHARD R. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate how the deterioration of household balance sheets affects worker productivity, and in turn economic downturns. Specifically, we compare the output of innovative workers who experienced differential declines in housing wealth during the financial crisis but were employed at the same firm and lived in the same metropolitan area. We find that, following a negative wealth shock, innovative workers become less productive and generate lower economic value for their firms. The reduction in innovative output is not driven by workers switching to less innovative firms or positions. These effects are more pronounced among workers at greater risk of financial distress.
Great Successes and Great Failures: The Impact of Project Leader Status on Project Performance and Performance Extremeness
Authors: Szatmari Balazs , Deichmann Dirk , van den Ende Jan , King Brayden G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch supporting the Matthew effect demonstrates that high‐status actors experience performance benefits due to increased recognition of their work and greater opportunities and resources, but recent research also indicates that high‐status actors face a greater risk of negative performance evaluations. In this paper, we seek to contribute to the status literature by reconciling these findings and ask: To what extent does status influence heterogeneity in performance evaluations? We explore how project leader status affects the performance of innovation projects in the video game industry. We hypothesize that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between project leader status and project performance, and a positive relationship between project leader status and performance extremeness (i.e., performance variation). In order to test our hypotheses, we analysed the performance of video game projects and computed the status of project leaders by applying a project affiliation social network analysis. We find that an intermediate level of status – neither too much nor too little – is positively associated with average project performance. We also reveal more extreme performance effects for high‐status leaders: While some achieve superior project performance, others experience significant project failures. We, therefore, provide important theoretical and practical insights regarding how status affects the implementation of innovations. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the literature on middle‐status conformity.
Effect of peri‐implant bone resorption on mechanical stress in the implant body: In vivo measured load‐based finite element analysis
Authors: Bing Liu , Mito Takehiko , Yoda Nobuhiro , Sato Emika , Shigemitsu Ryuji , Han Jian‐Min , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch on resolving implant fracture is still gaining attention as it can be a serious treatment failure outcome. The implant fracture is likely to occur due to increased stress in implant body associated with peri‐implant bone resorption.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between degree of peri‐implant bone resorption and stress distribution in implant body by using finite element analysis (FEA).MethodsThe magnitude and direction of loads on implants at the mandibular molar region were measured with 3D piezoelectric force transducers in a patient during maximal voluntary clenching, grinding and tapping to obtain input for the FEA as the loading condition. Simplified finite element bone models were generated to simulate the six patterns of peri‐implant bone resorption progression which the bone levels from implant platform were set at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm. Three types of implants with different diameters (3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 mm), corresponding abutments and screws were created. FEA using the in vivo measured load was conducted to investigate how peri‐implant bone loss affects stress distribution in the implant body.ResultsLoading condition affected stress distribution in the implant body. As bone resorption increased, von Mises stress in the implant body became larger, which was marked in smaller diameter implants, and this change was amply demonstrated when the bone resorption increased from 0 to 2 mm.ConclusionThe FEA demonstrated that as peri‐implant bone loss increased, the magnitude of stress in the implant increased, especially in small diameter implants.
A novel role for the pineal gland: Regulating seasonal shifts in the gut microbiota of Siberian hamsters
Authors: Shor Elyan K. , Brown Shawn P. , Freeman David A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays a significant role in a variety of host behavioral and physiological processes. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and the host communicate are not fully resolved but include both humoral and direct neural signals. The composition of the microbiota is affected by internal (host) factors and external (environmental) factors. One such signal is photoperiod, which is represented endogenously by nocturnal pineal melatonin (MEL) secretion. Removal of the MEL signal via pinealectomy abolishes many seasonal responses to photoperiod. In Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), MEL drives robust seasonal shifts in physiology and behavior, such as immunity, stress, body mass, and aggression. While the profile of the gut microbiota also changes by season, it is unclear whether these changes are driven by pineal signals. We hypothesized that the pineal gland mediates seasonal alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. To test this, we placed pinealectomized and intact hamsters into long or short photoperiods for 8 weeks, collected weekly fecal samples, and measured weekly food intake, testis volume, and body mass. We determined microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). We found significant effects of treatment and time on the abundances of numerous bacterial genera. We also found significant associations between individual OTU abundances and body mass, testis mass, and food intake, respectively. Finally, results indicate a relationship between overall community structure, and body and testis masses. These results firmly establish a role for the pineal gland in mediating seasonal alterations in the gut microbiota. Further, these results identify a novel neuroendocrine pathway by which a host regulates seasonal shifts in gut community composition, and indicates a relationship between seasonal changes in the gut microbiota and seasonal physiological adjustments.
Groups in contact: Meta‐representations, interobjectivity, and cultural incompatibilities
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis analysis departs from social identity being part and parcel of the system of social representations a group holds. Additionally, social identity is seen as being affectively laden with religious or other deeply ingrained ideological beliefs. These systems delimit the space of norms and behaviours where people socially construct the objects defining the local world as an objectively given. The local objectifications differ between groups and cultures and pose a problem for interaction and communication between members of different groups. Inter‐group discrepancies must be bridged by establishing a shared representational space and interobjective understanding. This understanding can be reached if both interactants mutually develop meta‐representations that allow them to grossly anticipate what to expect from the other and to orient their actions accordingly. But there is a catch in establishing interobjectivity: even if the interactants manage to overcome semantic and cognitive barriers, their interaction and open‐minded communication will be blocked if the two objectivities are ethically or affectively incommensurable. I illustrate this process by suggesting that native Europeans will feel blocked to establish interobjective acceptance for example with proponents of a slave holder culture whose values are incommensurable with European ideas of human equality. Accepting a slave holder's worldview would threaten the European's identity. A similar process seems to govern devout conservative Muslims living in 'gated communities' and enclaves in European cities who try to maintain their identity by avoiding regular contact with the non‐Muslim majority. Such contact would threaten their identity if their worldview and sharia rules were measured by the standards of human rights. Native Europeans on the other hand, will feel their own cultural objectivity to be incompatible with traditional Islam that does not equally observe human rights. The implications of such processes are discussed in terms of migrants' integration, multiculturalism, and socio‐political psychology.
Measurement of vertical and horizontal vibrations of a probe for acoustic evaluation of food texture
Authors: Sakurai Naoki , Akimoto Hidemi , Takashima Tatsuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (vertical and horizontal) vibrations of a wedge‐type probe upon food rupture were evaluated separately using two accelerometers placed perpendicular to a guide rod of a swing‐arm device for texture evaluation of the flesh of three varieties of apples and three types of potato chips. Voltage signals from the accelerometers were filtered using a half‐octave band‐pass filter. The energy texture index (ETI), based on kinetic energy of the vertical or horizontal probe vibrations, was calculated over low to high frequency bands (no. 1–21). The spectra for the flesh of the three varieties of apples included two common peaks for vertical ETI at band no. 11 (1,120–1,600 Hz) and 19 (17,920–25,600 Hz) and horizontal ETI at band no. 1 (0–10 Hz) and 15 (4,480–6,400 Hz). The spectra for the three types of potato chips had a common ETI peak at band no. 11 (1,120–1,600 Hz) for horizontal ETI and at no. 15 (4,480–6,400 Hz) for vertical ETI. The three apple varieties gave rise to different intensities of vertical and horizontal ETIs while the two peaks were maintained. The thick potato chip type had higher vertical and horizontal ETIs than the thin and soft varieties in most bands; however, the thin type had the highest vertical ETIs only in lower bands (0–200 Hz). The soft type had the lowest vertical and horizontal ETI. The above results suggest that different food textures can be distinguished by two‐dimensional vibration analyses of probe insertion into a food sample based on frequency bands.
Early caregiver burden in owners of pets with suspected cancer: Owner psychosocial outcomes, communication behavior, and treatment factors
Authors: Shaevitz Marejka H. , Tullius Jeri A. , Callahan Robert T. , Fulkerson Christopher M. , Spitznagel Mary Beth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOwners of companion animals with serious illnesses are likely to experience “caregiver burden.” This topic has not been fully evaluated in veterinary oncology.ObjectivesTo examine owners of a dog or cat with suspected cancer for relationships between early caregiver burden and (a) psychosocial factors: depression, stress, and quality of life; (b) owner communication behavior; and (c) specific pet treatment plan factors.AnimalsNone.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, observational study recruited 164 owners of a cat or dog presenting for evaluation by a veterinary oncology service at a single referral institution. Measures of caregiver burden, psychosocial function, treatment plan elements, and demographics were collected online via owner self‐report. Medical records were reviewed to identify factors including diagnosis, medications, treatment schedules, and owner communications.ResultsCaregiver burden correlated with higher stress (rs = 0.40, P < .001), greater symptoms of depression (rs = 0.50, P < .001), and lower quality of life (rs = 0.39, P < .001). Pet treatment plan factors related to caregiver burden included changes in care routines, perception that compliance with new routines was challenging, and difficulty adhering to medication routines. There was low correlation between caregiver burden and owner‐driven communications (rs = 0.15, P = .07).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFindings suggest caregiver burden is similar in owners of pets with cancer and owners of pets with other diseases. Caregiver burden is present in the earliest stages of disease. Major correlates of burden including life‐disruptive treatments and schedules provide key areas for potential intervention by veterinary teams.
Impact of metabolic risk factors on the severity and outcome of patients with alcohol‐associated acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Duseja Ajay , De Arka , Taneja Sunil , Choudhury Ashok Kumar , Devarbhavi Harshad , Hu Jinhua , Hamid Saeed S. , Butt Amna Subhan , Jafri Syed Muhammad Wasim , Ghazinian Hasmik , Chawla Yogesh K. , Dhiman Radha K. , Duan Zhongping , Chen Yu , Tan Soek Siam , Lee Guan Huei , Lim Seng Gee , Kim Dong Joon , Sahu Manoj , Sollano Jose D. , Carpio Gian , Mohan Prasad Virukalpatti Gopalratnam , Abbas Zaigham , Lesmana Laurentius A. , Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi , Eapen Chundamannil E. , Goel Ashish , Sood Ajit , Midha Vandana , Goyal Omesh , Dokmeci Abdul Kadir , Ning Qin , Chen Tao , Ma Ke , Payawal Diana A. , Lau George K. K. , Al Mahtab Mamun , Rahman Salimur , Alam Mohd Shahinul , Shukla Akash , Shrestha Ananta , Shah Samir , Kalal Chetan Ramesh , Kumar Guresh , Jain Priyanka , Paulson Irene , Sarin Shiv Kumar ,   for the APASL ACLF Working Party, APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic risk factors may impact the severity and outcome of alcoholic liver disease. The present study evaluated this effect in patients with alcohol‐associated acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodologyOne thousand two hundred and sixteen prospectively enrolled patients with ACLF (males 98%, mean age 42.5 ± 9.4 years, mean CTP, MELD and AARC scores of 12 ± 1.4, 29.7 ± 7 and 9.8 ± 2 respectively) from the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) database were analysed retrospectively. Patients with or without metabolic risk factors were compared for severity (CTP, MELD, AARC scores) and day 30 and 90 mortality. Information on overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and dyslipidaemia were available in 1028 (85%), 1019 (84%), 1017 (84%) and 965 (79%) patients respectively.ResultsOverall, 392 (32%) patients died at day 30 and 528 (43%) at day 90. Overweight/obesity, T2DM, hypertension and dyslipidaemia were present in 154 (15%), 142 (14%), 66 (7%) and 141 (15%) patients, respectively, with no risk factors in 809 (67%) patients. Patients with overweight/obesity had higher MELD scores (30.6 ± 7.1 vs 29.2 ± 6.9, P = .007) and those with dyslipidaemia had higher AARC scores (10.4 ± 1.2 vs 9.8 ± 2, P = .014). Overweight/obesity was associated with increased day 30 mortality (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06‐2.24, P = .023). None of other metabolic risk factors, alone or in combination, had any impact on disease severity or mortality. On multivariate analysis, overweight or obesity was significantly associated with 30‐day mortality (aHR 1.91, 95% CI 1.41‐2.59, P < .001), independent of age, CTP, MELD and AARC scores.ConclusionOverweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia increase the severity of alcohol‐associated ACLF, and the former also increases the short‐term mortality in these patients.
Clinical cues used by nurses to recognize changes in patients' clinical states: A systematic review
Authors: Burdeu Gabrielle , Lowe Grainne , Rasmussen Bodil , Considine Julie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the clinical cues used by acute care nurses to recognize changes in clinical states of adult medical and surgical patients that occurred as usual consequence of acute illness and treatment. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and checklist were followed. Four databases and reference lists of included studies were searched: from 1,049 studies, 38 were included. There were 26 subjective and 147 objective cues identified; only 6% of all cues described improvements in patients' clinical states. The most common clinical cues used were heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. Many studies (n= 31) focused on only one element of assessment, such as physiological stability, pain, or cognition. There was a paucity of studies detailing the complexity of acute care nurses' assessment practices as they would occur in clinical practice and a disproportionate focus on the objective assessment of deterioration. Studies are needed to understand the full breadth of cues acute care nurses use to recognize clinical change that includes both improvement and deterioration.
Nurse education to reduce physical restraints use in ICU: A scoping review
Authors: Lei Ruobing , Jiang Xiaoping , Liu Qin , He Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical restraints are defined as a manual approach to reduce a patient's physical movement and has been regarded as a protective nursing measure in the intensive care unit (ICU) to avoid unplanned extubation, falls, and other unexpected events. However, the limitations and changes associated with physical restraints have been verified by several studies. Restraint minimization has been advocated by studies worldwide; however, the most effective interventions are still being explored.AimTo identify and map nurse education strategies that reduce the use of physical restraints in the ICU.Design and methodsA systematic literature search that followed the steps of a scoping review was performed in the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, and VIP databases. We included studies that focused on nurse education aiming to reduce the use of physical restraints and/or use physical restraints reasonably.ResultsThe included studies (n = 12) described a variety of education strategies. Two delivery modes, eight common course durations, 14 main topics, two types of teaching methods with various materials, and two kinds of outcome measurements were identified and compared.ConclusionThere are a variety of nurse education activities that could effectively improve ICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards physical restraints. However, the strategies of nurse education, such as delivery mode, teaching methods, and outcome measurements, require further study.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse education on physical restraints should be carried out in ICUs. Online courses, practical sessions, and simulated scenarios should be a part of future nurse education. In addition to nurses' knowledge and attitude changes, frequency of physical restraints and other patient‐related outcomes should also be considered for outcome evaluation.
Molecular IgE sensitization profiles of urban and rural children in South Africa
Authors: Mittermann Irene , Dzoro Sheron , Gattinger Pia , Botha Maresa , Basera Wisdom , Facey‐Thomas Heidi E. , Gaunt Ben , Genuneit Jon , Gray Claudia L. , Hlela Carol , Flicker Sabine , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Mankahla Avumile , Ramjith Jordache , Valenta Rudolf , Levin Michael E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergens can act as disease‐triggering factors in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The aim of the study was to elucidate the molecular IgE sensitization profile in children with and without AD living in urban and rural areas of South Africa.MethodsSpecific IgE reactivity was assessed in 166 Black South African children aged 9‐38 months using a comprehensive panel of microarrayed allergens. According to clinical characterization children fell in four groups, urban AD cases (n = 32), urban controls (non‐AD, n = 40), rural cases (n = 49) and rural controls (non‐AD, n = 45).ResultsIgE reactivity to at least one of the allergens was detected in 94% of urban and 86% of rural AD children. House dust mite (HDM; 81% urban, 74% rural AD) and animal‐derived allergens (50% urban, 31% rural AD) were the most frequently recognized respiratory allergens, whereas IgE to pollen allergens was almost absent. Urban AD children showed significantly higher frequency of IgE reactivity (50%) to mouse lipocalin, Mus m 1, than rural AD children (12%). The most frequently recognized food allergens were from egg (63% urban, 43% rural AD), peanut (31% vs 41%), and soybean (22% vs 27%), whereas milk sensitization was rare. α‐gal‐specific IgE almost exclusively occurred in rural children (AD: 14%, non‐AD: 49%).ConclusionMolecular allergy diagnosis detects frequent IgE sensitization to HDM, animal but not pollen allergens and to egg, peanut, and soy, but not milk allergens in African AD children. Urban AD children reacted more often to Mus m 1, whereas α‐gal sensitization is more common in rural children likely due to parasite exposure.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis suppression in asthma: A glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism may protect
Authors: Akurugu Wisdom Alemya , Van Heerden Carel Jacobus , Mulder Nicola , Zöllner Ekkehard Werner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthmatic children on corticosteroids can develop hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis suppression (HPAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs242941 and rs1876828 of the corticotrophin‐releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene were associated with lower stimulated cortisol (F) levels, whereas rs41423247 of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene was associated with higher basal F levels. The objective of the current study was to confirm whether these three SNPs are associated with HPAS in asthmatic children.MethodsDNA was extracted from saliva obtained from 95 asthmatic children, who had previously undergone basal F and metyrapone testing. Thirty‐six children were classified as suppressed. Non‐suppressed children were subclassified according to their post‐metyrapone adrenocorticotropin (PMTP ACTH) level into a middle (106‐319 pg/mL) and a high (>319 pg/mL) ACTH response group. TaqMan® polymerase chain reaction assays were utilized.ResultsOnly rs41423247 was inversely associated with HPAS (OR = 0.27 [95% CI 0.06‐0.90]). Its GC genotype was inversely associated with HPAS (log odds = −1.28, P = .021). √PMTP ACTH was associated with CC (effect size = 10.85, P = .005) and GC genotypes (effect size = 4.06, P = .023). The C allele is inherited as a dominant trait (effect size = −1.31 (95% CI −2.39‐−0.33; P = .012). In the high ACTH response group, both genotypes affected the PMTP ACTH (effect sizes 1.41 and 15.46; P‐values .023 and <2 × 10−26 for GC and CC, respectively).ConclusionsThe C allele of rs41423247 was found to be protective against HPAS. CC genotype is associated with the highest PMTP ACTH response.