bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Agricultural Practices to Increase Yield and Financial Return and Minimize Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abudulai M. , Mahama G. , Dzomeku I. , Seidu A. , Sugri I. , Nboyine J.A. , Opoku N. , Alhassan M.H. , Appaw W. , Ellis W.O. , Akromah R. , Mochiah M.B. , Dankyi A. , Jordan D.L. , Brandenburg R.L. , Bravo-Ureta B.E. , Jelliffe J. , Boote K. , MacDonald G. , Chen J. , Phillips R.D. , Mallikarjunan K. , Balota M. , Hoisington D. , Rhoads J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and financial returns are often low for smallholder farmers in Ghana. Additionally, aflatoxin concentration in foods derived from peanut can be high enough to adversely affect human health. Eight experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in northern Ghana to compare yield, financial returns, pest reaction, and aflatoxin contamination at harvest with traditional farmer versus improved practices. Relative to the farmer practice, the improved practice consisted of weeding one extra time, applying local potassium-based soaps to suppress arthropods and pathogens, and application of either homogenized oyster shells or a commercial blend of fertilizer containing calcium. Each of these field treatments were followed by either drying peanut on the soil surface and storing in traditional poly bags or drying peanut on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags for 4 months. Peanut yield and financial returns were significantly greater when a commercial blend of fertilizer or oyster shells were applied compared to the farmer practice of not applying any fertilizer. Yield and financial returns were greater when a commercial fertilizer blend was applied compared with oyster shells. Severity of early leaf spot [caused by Passalora arachidicola (Hori) U. Braun] and late leaf spot [caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous], scarring and penetration of pods by arthropods, and the number of arthropods at harvest were higher for the farmer practice than for either fertility treatment; no difference was noted when comparing across fertility treatments. Less aflatoxin was observed for both improved practices in the field compared with the farmer practice. Drying peanut on tarps resulted in less aflatoxin compared to drying peanut on the ground regardless of treatments in the field. Aflatoxin concentration after storage was similar when comparing post-harvest treatments of drying on soil surface and storing in poly bags vs. drying on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags. These results demonstrate that substantial financial gain can be realized when management in the field is increased compared with the traditional farmer practice. While aflatoxin concentrations differed between the farmer practice and the improved practices at harvest and after drying, these differences did not translate into differences after storage.
A MULTINOMIAL NAÏVE BAYES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR COVID-19 DETECTION
Authors: Awwalu Jamilu , Umar Nana Aisha , Ibrahim Mubaraka Sani , Nonyelum Ogwueleka Francisca 
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 termed COVID-19 is a highly infectious and pathogenic illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. Symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild to severe, in some cases leading to death. Early detection could help to monitor progression of the disease, mitigate spread of the disease and possibly reduce mortality rate. Computer-aided diagnosis systems are designed to complement health care systems and assist in the early detection of diseases. Currently, as it is not possible to test all citizens especially in developing countries with very large populations due to financial constraints and the standard of their healthcare facilities, the problem of identifying suspected cases and deciding laboratory test priority among citizens is evident and more pressing. Therefore in this study, we introduce an interactive Artificial Intelligent web system using the Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm with the aim of detecting warning COVID-19 symptoms and to provide fitting suggestions. Furthermore, the study also evaluates the performance of the Multinomial Naïve Bayes based on the different holdout approaches experimented. The experimental results are promising as the Multinomial Naïve Bayes is shown to achieve high accuracy detection thus providing a reliable method to identify warning symptoms of COVID-19.
Assessment of vitamin D, calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients
Authors: Sumi Sufia Khatun , Rahman Shahana A , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Islam Mohammad Mahbubul , Talukder Manik Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background: Decrease in bone mass in JIA patients is multifactorial. By assessing the level of vitamin D and other associated parameters we can identify the deficiency earlier and can predict the risk of osteoporotic bone fracture & give appropriate supplements.
Objective: To determine the status of serum 25(OH)D, calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone in patients with JIA.
Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study. Thirty newly diagnosed cases of JIA attending the pediatric rheumatology clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from October 2015 to September 2016 were included. Thirty age and sex matched control were also selected. Serum 25(OH)D, calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase & parathormone were assesed in both cases and controls.
Results: Hypovitaminosis D was present in 60% of JIA and 33% of controls. In JIA group the mean level of all biochemical parameters were significantly lower than control group except serum 25 (OH) D. Level of calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase was decreased with the decrease of 25 (OH) D levels and there was no change of parathyroid hormone level.
Conclusion: More than half of JIA patients had hypovitaminosis D. There was positive relationship between 25(OH)D level and other biochemical parameters except PTH.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (3) :145-151
To Compare the Outcome of Estrogen and Betamethasone Cream in the Treatment of Labial Adhesion in Pre-pubertal Girls
Authors: Mahato Gajendra Nath , Palit Paritosh Kumar , Md Hasanuzzaman - 
Published: October 2020

Background: Labial adhesion is a condition of prepubertal girls where the labia are fused over the vaginal opening and/or urethra.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of estrogen and betamethasone cream in the treatment of labial adhesion.
Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted among 100 pre-pubertal girls with labial adhesion where at least 50% vaginal opening was fused. Patients previously treated with estrogen or betamethasone for labial adhesion was excluded from the study. Fifty patients were treated with betamethasone cream (group 1) and fifty patients with estrogen cream (group 2) after randomization. All patients were followed at 3rd week, 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and then release of adhesion and adverse effects were noted.
Results: Within 3 weeks no adhesion was found in 84.0% participants in group 1 and 64.0% participants in group 2, which showed significant statistical differences (p=0.023). Within 6 months recurrence of adhesion was found in 2.2% participants in group 1 and 23.4% in group 2, which also showed highly significant statistical differences (p=0.004). Success rate was 90.0% and 72.0% within 6 months in group 1 and in group 2 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.022).
Conclusion: Betamethasone cream appears to be a superior agent in terms of effectiveness, safety and cost than estrogen cream in the treatment of labial adhesion in pre-pubertal girls.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (3) :161-164
Outcome of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma attended in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman ATM Atikur , Begum Momena , Kibria CSH , Akter Mehnaz , Azad Siddiqua Khurshida , Siddiqua Farzana , Jamal Choudhury Yakub , Shah Salahuddin 
Published: October 2020

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin, is the most common form of paediatric soft tissue sarcoma. It is the third most common solid tumor comprising 4.5% of all childhood cancer with an annual incidence of 4.5 cases per million children. There is so no statistical data on RMS in Bangladesh because no study has done in Bangladesh.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of children with rhabdomyosarcoma among tertiary care.
Methods: A retrospective study carried out analysing the medical records of 39 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma from the BSMMU tumor registry. Medical records of children with rhabdomyosarcoma were reviewed over a period of 6 years from June 2011 to May 2017. Most patients received multimodality therapy (chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy).
Results: The male female was ratio 1.2:1. More than half of cases presented with a mass at varying sites The predominant complaint 12.0% was pain. The primary site of disease was the head and neck in 46.0% followed by pelvis 40.0%. Pathologically most frequent histological subtype was in 46.0% embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma followed by alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 23.0%, botryoid type 5.0%, spindle cell type 5.0% and unspecified 21.0%. At the time of diagnosis 64.0% of patients were TNM stage 3 next frequency is stage IV 23.0%. The survival rate from diagnosis to subsequent demise was poor – between 13 days and 3.5 years. The overall 5-year survival rate was 41.0% which is may be due to advanced stage of disease.
Conclusion: The majority of presentations were in the advanced stages of disease but sensitive to multimodality therapy. Poor survival rate is correlated with the advanced stage of the disease. The clinical characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma at BSMMU Hospital are similar to worldwide countries, but not like developed countries. Further multicentre studies are needed to report our experiences with rhabdomyosarcoma.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 17-21
Enterotoxic, neurotoxic and cytotoxice demonstrated by shiga toxin (2d) producing escherichia coli in experimental models
Authors: Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Begum Kohinur , Kabir Enamul , Kamal Alam Nur-E- , Talukder Kaisar Ali 
Published: October 2020

Background: Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize human intestinal tract and their infections have asymptomatic clinical manifestations which cause local and systemic pathological changes.
Objectives: This study intended to establish the role of Shiga toxin (Stx2d) in developing clinical manifestations in STEC infections using experimental models.
Methods: A total 300 stool samples were screened from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients enrolled in 2% surveillance system at International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). The stx gene profile including their variants was identified byPCR.stx2d gene positive STEC PT187 was selected for toxin (s) preparation.Toxin was prepared by centrifugation of culture supernatant. Enterotoxicand paralytic-lethal activities were tested in rabbit ileal loops and mice, respectively. Histopathological study of the rabbit ileal loop segments and different tissues of mice by paraffin embedded method and stained by H & E staining. Cytotoxic effect was performed on HeLa cells.
Results: Nine STEC strains were identified for stx2 gene positive. Among them STEC PT187 was found stx2d gene positive strain and selected for toxic activities. Toxin (s) responsible for causing accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loops and its segments showed inflammation and enterocytenecrosis. In mouse model, toxin(s) was found to cause hind limbs paralysis and death. Brain, spinal cord and kidney tissue of mice showed histopathological changes. Toxin (s) also showed positive cytotoxic activity in HeLa cell.
Conclusion: In this study, results indicated that Stx2d producing E. coli exhibit not only enterotoxic activity, but also cause impaired neurological functions and cytotoxic effect.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 41-47
Two-dimensional ferroelectrics and homogeneous switching. On the 75th anniversary of the Landau–Ginzburg theory of ferroelectricity
Authors: Bystrov V S , Fridkin V M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Within the framework of the Landau–Ginzburg (LG) theory, the kinetics of polarization switching in ferroelectric crystals and the transition from domain switching to homogeneous switching in nanosized single-crystal films are considered. It is shown that homogeneous (nondomain) switching can be described in LG theory terms only for two-dimensional ferroelectrics. A review of the experimental results for two-dimensional films of a ferroelectric polymer and barium titanate is given. For ultrathin polymer films, these results are also confirmed by first principles calculations.
DISCUSIONES DE LOS DOCENTES DE LENGUA ACERCA DE SU PROPIO TRABAJO
Authors: Tapia Stella Maris , Goicoechea Gaona María Victoria 
Published: October 2020

En función de estudiar cómo se aborda la articulación entre el lenguaje como una práctica y el sistema gramatical de la lengua materna en los niveles medio y superior, se organizaron tres grupos de discusiones focalizadas donde, a partir de una consigna, diferentes docentes argumentaron sobre el trabajo en las aulas y sobre la relación entre la enseñanza de los textos y de la gramática. El enfoque del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo explica la actividad social como el origen del lenguaje y del pensamiento. En este marco, consideramos a cada texto o enunciado como el producto de una interacción social, con tres niveles de planificación que, como un hojaldre, se entremezclan: la infraestructura general, los mecanismos de textualización y los mecanismos de responsabilidad enunciativa. Los elementos que conforman estos mecanismos son utilizados, en este artículo, para analizar tres textos de las discusiones focalizadas, con el objeto de esbozar cómo los docentes dan cuenta de su propio trabajo.
FUNDAMENTOS DE DISEÑO DE UN TALLER DE POSGRADO SOBRE “INTERVENCIONES INTERDISCIPLINARIAS”
Authors: San Martín Patricia Silvana 
Published: October 2020

El artículo fundamenta una experiencia de diseño y puesta en obra de un taller físico-virtual denominado “Intervenciones Interdisciplinarias”, atendiendo a diversas problemáticas sociales complejas que se presentan en la Argentina. El mismo, es parte de un proyecto de carrera de especialización (nivel posgrado), propuesto por una universidad ubicada en la región del noroeste del país, que aborda problemáticas subjetivas del contexto jurídico. El texto expone el diseño del taller y su puesta en obra a partir del marco téorico-metodológico del Dispositivo Hipermedial Dinámico. A su vez, se describen y documentan aspectos inherentes al desarrollo del taller, analizando algunos resultados provisorios alcanzados por la actual cohorte, integrada por profesionales del Derecho, Psicología y Trabajo Social, entre otros. Finalmente, las conclusiones ponen a consideración el significativo aporte que la participación en redes sociotécnicas colaborativas, podría brindar hacia la construcción de la disponibilidad interdisciplinar en función de mejorar las prácticas físico-virtuales profesionales y/o de formación superior. En este sentido, se enfatiza la necesidad de construcción de Dispositivos Hipermediales Dinámicos, fundamentados en la ética de la Subjetividad-Responsabilidad, los Derechos Humanos y la adhesión a las perspectivas internacionales de Acceso Abierto y Código Abierto.
LA DIMENSIÓN AMBIENTAL COMO COMPONENTE DE LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA EN CUBA
Authors: Ruiz Gutiérrez Lourdes 
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo plantea una síntesis histórica de la vinculación de la dimensión ambiental como componente de la educación, la ciencia y la tecnología en Cuba y expresa la relación directa de la investigación científca con la protección ambiental y el desarrollo sostenible como directiva de las políticas de la educación superior y científcas nacionales. Esta vinculación ha propiciado la aplicación de los nuevos conocimientos y resultados alcanzados y la evaluación del potencial de los recursos naturales existentes en el país, la educación ambiental por vías formales en todos los niveles de enseñanza y la educación comunitaria, la aplicación de prácticas productivas sostenible, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para el aprovechamiento de residuales, incluidas las prácticas de producciones más limpias, la rehabilitación y restauración de ecosistemas afectados, la mejor gestión en el manejo de los recursos como agua y suelo, entre otros.
ANÁLISIS DEL TRABAJO DOCENTE: RELACIONES ENTRE LO PRESCRIPTO Y LO REALIZADO EN CLASES DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA
Authors: Tapia Stella Maris 
Published: October 2020

El análisis del trabajo docente constituye una metodología que permite una revisión del actuar de los profesores en su labor. Desde el campo de la didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura con esta metodología que se inscribe en el marco teórico del interaccionismo socio-discursivo, se indagan en clases de Lengua y Literatura, las transposiciones didácticas en las transiciones entre los objetos de enseñanza, con sus diferentes niveles de prescripción, y su realización efectiva en objetos enseñados. La distancia entre lo planificado y lo realizado efectivamente en las clases permite diferenciar, por un lado, lo concretado de aquello abandonado en situación y, por otro lado, los emergentes, tanto si son incorporados a las clases como si son inatendidos por los docentes. Las relaciones entre las categorías sistematizadas constituirían un insumo metodológico y un instrumento didáctico que podrían facilitar el análisis de clases en diferentes instancias de investigación y formación docente.
EVALUACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS UNIVERSITARIAS
Authors: Trottini Ana María , Ferrandi María Angélica 
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo expone las conclusiones a las que se arribó en la elaboración de la tesis del Máster de Desarrollo Emprendedor e Innovación (Universidad de Salamanca-España).Se selecciona una de las categorías, establecidas por la Organización de Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, en su Programa para la Evaluación Internacional para Estudiantes (PISA, por sus siglas en inglés).Partiendo del objetivo de relevar competencias universitarias, se han buscado indicadores sistematizados y reconocidos mundialmente. Para tal fin se ha utilizado además como instrumento, el test MBTI (Myer-Briggs Type Indicator) transferido a un software de Business Intelligence que permite la visualización de cada uno de los aspectos.
The Effect of Product Quality and Promotion on Consumer Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Wijayanti Kiki Dwi 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and promotion on consumer purchasing decisions at Floris Florists in Jakarta. The method used is explanatory research with analytical techniques using statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study product quality significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions by 40.9%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (8.069> 1.986). The promotion has a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions by 39.3%, the hypothesis test is obtained t count> t table or (7.796> 1.986). Product quality and promotion simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a regression equation Y = 10.681 + 0.382X1 + 0.361X2 and an influential contribution of 50.2%, the hypothesis test is obtained F count> F table or (46.890> 2.700).
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) DAN RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERBANKAN ( Study pada Perusahaan Perbankan periode 2014-2017 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Mukhlis Muhamad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This research aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) simultaneously on the stock price of banking companies; to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) partially on the stock price of companies, and; to determine which variable that is dominant between Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) on the stock price of companies. This research is explanatory research that aims to analyze the relationship between variable and other variables. The analysis technique used is descriptive test and hypothesis testing. Based on the results and the discussion in this research, it can be concluded as follows: 1) simultaneously or jointly between ROA and ROE affect the stock price of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017; 2) Partially Return on Assets (ROA) significantly influence the stock price of banking companies on stock price on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017 while Return on Equity (ROE) has no significant effect on the stock price of banking companies on stock price on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017. Analysis result dominant test indicates that Return on Assets (ROA) has a dominant influence on stock price compared to Return on Equity (ROE)
Keywords: Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Share Prices
Neural and behavioral traces of error awareness
Authors: Kirschner Hans , Humann Jil , Derrfuss Jan , Danielmeier Claudia , Ullsperger Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonitoring for errors and behavioral adjustments after errors are essential for daily life. A question that has not been addressed systematically yet, is whether consciously perceived errors lead to different behavioral adjustments compared to unperceived errors. Our goal was to develop a task that would enable us to study different commonly observed neural correlates of error processing and post-error adjustments in their relation to error awareness and accuracy confidence in a single experiment. We assessed performance in a new number judgement error awareness task in 70 participants. We used multiple, robust, single-trial EEG regressions to investigate the link between neural correlates of error processing (e.g., error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe)) and error awareness. We found that only aware errors had a slowing effect on reaction times in consecutive trials, but this slowing was not accompanied by post-error increases in accuracy. On a neural level, error awareness and confidence had a modulating effect on both the ERN and Pe, whereby the Pe was most predictive of participants’ error awareness. Additionally, we found partial support for a mediating role of error awareness on the coupling between the ERN and behavioral adjustments in the following trial. Our results corroborate previous findings that show both an ERN/Pe and a post-error behavioral adaptation modulation by error awareness. This suggests that conscious error perception can support meta-control processes balancing the recruitment of proactive and reactive control. Furthermore, this study strengthens the role of the Pe as a robust neural index of error awareness.