bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Custom Impression Technique to Record Emergence Profile and Fabrication of an Esthetic Implant Supported Restoration
Authors: Dhingra Ajay , Taylor Thomas , Flinton Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the challenges in esthetic implant supported restorations is to replicate the emergence profile of soft tissue contours created by provisional restorations. Various analog techniques have been used to achieve the most esthetic and natural emergence profile in final restorations. The evolution of digital dentistry has made dentistry easier and efficient albeit with a learning curve. The technique described here uses digital technology to describe a complete digital workflow from the provisional stage to the final restoration.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Structural and Storage Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Kelp Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Zhang Linan , Cao Zengmei , Liang Guangjin , Li Xiaojie , Wu Hao , Yang Guanpin 
Published: May 2020

Saccharina japonica is a brown macroalga that has been commercially cultivated in China for almost a century. As a natural raw material, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and it may potentially be useful for biofuel production. However, little is known about the genes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis, and their regulation is less understood. In this study, the analysis of growth traits and alginate and mannitol contents suggested that sporophyte development could be divided into four stages. Accordingly, we performed transcriptome analysis of the S. japonica sporophyte. In total, 589 million clean reads were generated, and 4,514 novel genes were identified. Gene expression analysis revealed that 2,542 genes were differentially expressed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in “Carbon metabolism,” “Photosynthesis,” and “Photosynthesis‐antenna proteins” pathways, which are important for metabolism of various carbohydrates during sporophyte development. Systematic analysis identified the genes encoding enzymes for the biosynthesis of cell wall carbohydrates (including alginate, fucoidan, and cellulose) and cytoplasm storage carbohydrates (mannitol, laminarin, and trehalose). Among them, some key genes associated with carbohydrate content were further identified based on detailed expression profiling, representing good candidates for further functional studies. This study provides a global view of the carbohydrate metabolism process and an important resource for functional genomics studies in S. japonica. The results obtained lay the basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of carbohydrate biosynthesis and for genetic breeding of carbohydrates‐related traits in kelp.
Fibroblast‐enhanced cyclophilin A releasing from U937 cell upregulates MMP‐2 in gingival fibroblast
Authors: Kuo Po‐Jan , Lin Chi‐Yu , Chen Tzu‐Ying , Hung Tsung‐Fu , Lin Hsiao‐Lun , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Lin Fu‐Gong , Fu Earl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis in vitro study aimed to evaluate the expression of cyclophilin A (CyPA) in U937 monocytic cells after coculturing with the human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the effect of CyPA on the augmentation of MMP‐2 expression in the coculture environment.BackgroundLeukocyte infiltration in gingival connective tissue is one of the major findings in the lesions of inflammatory periodontal diseases. A crosstalk between the resident gingival fibroblasts and the recruited inflammatory cells that promote the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was proposed based on recent findings, whereas the cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147)‐CyPA pathway was suggested to be involved with the crosstalk.Material and MethodsCyPA was released into media, in the independent or transwell coculture of HGF and U937 cells, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, whereas intracellular mRNA expressions for CyPA and MMP‐2 were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, in the transwell coculture or conditional medium models. Zymography was conducted to analyze the activities of pro‐MMP‐2/MMP‐2 released into the media.Results(a) A significantly increased CyPA protein level was observed in the transwell coculture media compared with that in the independent culture. (b) The transwell coculture‐enhanced mRNA expression for CyPA was noticed in U937 cells but not in HGFs. After adding with HGF‐conditioned medium, the mRNA enhancement in U937 cells occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. (c) Although the MMP‐2 activities significantly increased after transwell coculturing, the MMP‐2 mRNA enhancement was observed only in HGFs. (d) Exogenous CyPA could enhance MMP‐2 activities in HGFs in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the CyPA antagonist reduced the MMP‐2 activities in the transwell cocultures. (e) Moreover, the CyPA‐enhanced MMP‐2 activity in HGF was decreased significantly by the pathway inhibitor for c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK).ConclusionBased on the present findings, we suggest that gingival fibroblasts could enhance the CyPA release from U937 cells, via the JNK pathway, resulting in MMP‐2 enhancement in fibroblasts. The finding shed light on a new mechanism of cellular interaction involving MMP‐2 and CyPA, in two cells.
Functional and cell surface characteristics of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) on RGD‐synthetic polypeptide conjugate coatings
Authors: Khorolsuren Zambaga , Lang Orsolya , Pallinger Eva , Foldes Anna , Szabolcs Gyulai‐Gaál , Varga Gabor , Mezo Gabor , Vag Janos , Kohidai Laszlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are an important source for periodontal tissue healing and regeneration. Proper cell adhesion is a key for survival of anchorage‐dependent cells and also initiates further intracellular signals for essential cellular functions. We aimed to test 3 different synthetic conjugates with integrin‐binding RGD sequence (SAK‐c[RGDfC], AK‐c[RGDfC], and SAK‐opn on the adhesion of human PDLCs and subsequent events including proliferation, migration, behavior of cell surface molecules, and osteogenic differentiation.Materials and MethodsSynthetic peptides were synthesized by solid‐phase technique and attached to branched chain polymeric polypeptides via thioether linkage. Simple adsorption method was used to coat tissue culture plastic or electric arrays. PDLCs were isolated from 24 surgically extracted human third molars. Cell adhesion and proliferation were measured with real‐time impedimetric xCELLigence SP system. Cell migration assay was performed with Ibidi® Culture inserts. Cell surface antigens were detected using flow cytometry analysis. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and Alizarin Red S staining, and real‐time qPCR was performed to analyze the osteoblast‐related gene expression. Osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of PDLCs were monitored by real‐time Electrical Cell‐Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy (ECIS).ResultsPrimary outcome of this study relies on that all three synthetic RGD peptides improved PDLC adhesion (P < .05). When animal serum is absent in culture medium, SAK‐c[RGDfC] and AK‐c[RGDfC] elevated cell adhesion (P < .05). Cell migration was enhanced by SAK‐c[RGDfC] and AK‐c[RGDfC] (P < .05). After 1‐week treatment, all synthetic peptides elevated CD105 (1.7‐ to 2.2‐fold) and CD146 (1.3‐ to 1.5‐fold) markers and caused different integrin patterns. ALP activity (1.4‐fold) and ARS (1.8‐ and 2.0‐fold) were increased by SAK‐c[RGDfC] and AK‐c[RGDfC] in absence of osteogenic supplements, and all the peptides supported the mineralization under osteogenic condition (P < .05). RT‐qPCR revealed the upregulation of bone sialoprotein (5.0‐ to 7.8‐fold), osteocalcin (2.3‐ to 2.7‐fold), and ALP (1.9‐ to 2.3‐fold) gene expression in osteogenesis‐induced PDLCs. ECIS monitoring showed that higher impedance was generated by the osteogenic induction compared with the adipogenic or the non‐induced (P < .05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that SAK‐c[RGDfC] and AK‐c[RGDfC] improved adhesion and migration of PDLCs and supported osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. These cyclic RGD peptides proved to be applicable biocompatible material in regenerative medicine.
Zolpidem overutilisation among Korean patients with insomnia
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Park Susin , Kim Jisu , Je Nam Kyung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate zolpidem overutilisation among Korean patients with insomnia. We analysed the National Patient Sample (NPS) data compiled by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA‐NPS) in 2016. Zolpidem overutilisation was defined as when a patient used zolpidem for longer than 30 consecutive days and prescriptions overlapped with more than 10% of total prescription periods. Demographic and clinical factors associated with the overutilisation of zolpidem were investigated using a logistic regression model. The proportion of zolpidem overutilisers was estimated at 5.0%. Factors such as age (0–39 years), consuming controlled‐release dosage formulations of zolpidem, presence of psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder) and other medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and arthritis) were observed to be risk predictors for zolpidem overutilisation. The formulation was selected owing to the absence of a quantity restriction for zolpidem CR in Korea during the study period. Possible approaches to prevention and control of zolpidem overutilisation include regulatory or legal provisions promoting rational drug use, management of psychiatric and medical co‐morbid disorders, and widespread implementation of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia as a first‐line treatment option.
Does tamsulosin or mirabegron improve ureteral stent‐related symptoms? A prospective placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Yavuz Abdulmecit , Kilinc Muhammet F. , Aydin Mustafa , Ofluoglu Yilmaz , Bayar Göksel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin or mirabegron on ureteral stent‐related symptoms.Patients and methodsThis was a prospective, randomized, controlled, and single‐blinded study. In total, 180 patients who had undergone ureterolithotripsy and ureteral stent insertion were included. Patients were randomly divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 was the control group taking placebo; group 2 was administered tamsulosin (0.4 mg) once a day; and group 3 received mirabegron (50 mg) once a day. The Turkish version of the ureteral stent symptom questionnaire was filled out after 4 weeks.ResultsAfter excluding patients who were lost to follow‐up, 161 patients were included in the final analysis. Analgesic usage doses were lower in the tamsulosin (5.1 ± 1.8) and mirabegron (4.5 ± 1.4) groups than in the control group (5.9 ± 2.1; P < .001). The urinary symptoms score was lower in tamsulosin group than it was in the control group (22.1 vs 27.8; P = .001); however, the other scores (body pain, general health, work performance, sexual matters, and other problems) were similar between the groups.ConclusionsTamsulosin improves only urinary symptoms due to the ureteral stent and decreases the need for analgesics. Mirabegron has no effect on ureteral stent‐related symptoms, but it decreases analgesic need.
Grounding judgement in context: A conceptual learning model of clinical reasoning
Authors: Koufidis Charilaos , Manninen Katri , Nieminen Juha , Wohlin Martin , Silén Charlotte 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextContemporary research on clinical reasoning focuses on cognitive problem‐solving processes. However, the decisive role that clinical context plays in clinical reasoning is often overlooked. We explored how novice learners make sense of the patient encounter in the clinical situation. In particular, we examined medical students' own judgements concerning diagnostic and management decisions and how the clinical context impacts on this. We aimed to produce a conceptual model of how students learn clinical reasoning in the clinical environment.MethodWe used grounded theory methodology to develop a conceptual learning model. A total of 23 medical students in their third academic year were recruited. Qualitative data were gathered from semi‐structured interviews, participant observations and field interviews, during clinical clerkships.ResultsLearners participating in the clinical environment experienced tensions, called ‘Disjunctions.’ These disjunctions emerged in the context of the student–patient encounter and in particular in situations where an element from the interaction with the patient was perceived as being inconsistent with existing frames of reference. We categorised the sources of disjunctions into four subcategories: (a) observing the manifestations of clinical signs in reality; (b) fitting the symptoms to a diagnosis; (c) considering management decisions, and (d) communicating a medical decision to the patient. Disjunctions involved an affective component and were associated with feelings of uncertainty. These tensions provoked reactions from the learners, leading them to reassess and modify held assumptions in order to accommodate the encountered inconsistent elements. This facilitated changes in judgement. When making a judgement, participants learned to take into consideration situational elements.ConclusionsStudents experience disjunctions in the clinical environment as they encounter situations that challenge their frames of reference. These disjunctions carry significant learning potential. This study can contribute to knowledge concerning the role of the patient encounter in advancing clinical reasoning by transforming problematic habits of the mind.
A systematic review of the use of acceptance and commitment therapy in supporting parents
Authors: Byrne Gary , Ghráda Áine Ní , O’Mahony Teresa , Brennan Emma 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has accrued a growing evidence‐base for a wide variety of psychological difficulties. Given that ACT promotes broad and flexible repertoires of behaviour as well as neutralizing the ubiquitous psychological processes theorized to be responsible for much human suffering, such an approach may hold promise. The use of ACT‐informed parenting interventions offers another alternative to solely behavioural approaches but it remains relatively understudied and in need of further exploration.DesignThe current systematic review, which searched four databases, aimed to collate all ACT interventions that included parental therapeutic components in the treatment of various child presenting difficulties. The review also rated the methodological rigour of the ACT evidence‐base for this type of treatment format.ResultsTwenty‐seven individual studies covering a broad spectrum of presenting problems were included, comprising of 1,155 participants. A large proportion of studies were within‐group designs with a smaller number using randomized controlled trials. The majority of studies reported improvements on either parent report symptoms regarding child physical or psychological functioning as well as parent‐reported measures of stress, depression, and anxiety. Similar improvements were noted on a number of ACT mechanisms of change outcomes, including mindfulness, acceptance, and cognitive fusing. These gains were evident for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, chronic pain, and significant physical health difficulties. Maintenance or further treatment gains were often reported at follow‐up. These positive findings are tempered by low levels of methodological rigour common in some of the studies included.ConclusionsDespite these limitations, ACT holds promise as a transdiagnostic intervention that can help with the parenting of children with a range of psychological and physical difficulties.Practitioner points

ACT has accrued a relatively strong evidence base for a range of psychological difficulties.

Despite some methodological shortcomings, ACT shows promise as an intervention to help parents manage stress and difficulties especially in relation to children with autism, chronic pain, and physical health needs.

Further research is required in comparing ACT to more established treatments and helping consolidate initial positive findings.
Speed rate (SR) as a new dynamic index of melanoma behavior
Authors: Gualdi Giulio , Panarese Fabrizio , Meogrossi Giovanna , Marchioni Michele , De Tursi Michele , Di Marino Pietro , Angelucci Domenico , Amatetti Massimo , Proietto Gianluca , Di Nicola Marta , Amerio Paolo ,   the GICO Melanoma Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractMelanomas are skin tumors that show a variety of biological behavior. Some develop very fast and some other grow extremely slow, with metastasis appearing, eventually, many years after the diagnosis. The number of mitoses in primary melanoma has been related to a more aggressive tumor and may have a potential as predictive factor for cutaneous melanoma survival. However, tumor mitotic rate is a static measure and in multivariate analysis on tumor survival, it has scored less than other tumor characteristics. We tried to evolve tumor mitotic rate from a static parameter to a time‐dependent one. Similar to the already described growth rate (GR), we propose the speed rate (SR). SR is defined as the ratio of tumor mitotic rate to time to melanoma development. A prospective series of 345 patients with melanoma was investigated for the role of SR as predictive factor for sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity and tumor progression. We calculated the best threshold for SR and GR to predict the risk of recurrence. Melanoma clinical and histological characteristics as well as GR were correlated in a multivariated analysis with SR. SR values >0.2 mitoses/month were associated with negative prognostic factors such as ulceration (82.8%), SLN positivity (80%), progression (82.8%), and death (85.7%). The association of GR > 0.3 mm/months and SR > 0.2 mitoses/month had a significant predictive value in terms of SLN positivity, progression, and recurrence‐free survival. We propose SR as a new “dynamic” predictor of histological SLN positivity and melanoma recurrence risk. We think that he association with this new feature with GR may be helpful in improving the accuracy of predicted clinical outcome of patient especially with thin melanomas.
The 2020 Public Policy Yearbook
Authors: Jenkins‐Smith Hank , Krutz Julie , Carlson Nina , Weible Chris 
Published: May 2020

The articles presented in this supplemental issue mark the twelfth edition of the Policy Studies Journal's Public Policy Yearbook. This issue includes three outstanding retrospective review articles that summarize recent developments in public policy research concerning health policy, defense and security policy, and policy evaluation. We provide a brief description of these articles below. You can also find the main content of the 2020 Yearbook online at: www.psjyearbook.com.
Peptide derivatives of dermaseptin S4 in fresh bovine semen for bacterial contamination control: Physicochemical and structural characterization, antibacterial potency, and effects on red blood and sperm cells
Authors: Sánchez‐Acosta Yesid Alexander , Castillo Vargas Julián Andrés , Ramírez Quintero Karen Juliet , Orduz Peralta Sergio , Camargo Rodríguez Delmis Omar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine the physicochemical and structural properties of peptide derivatives of dermaseptin S4, investigate their detrimental effects on red blood and sperm cells and ascertain their antibacterial potency to control bacterial contaminants in fresh bovine semen. The dermaseptin S4 peptide derivatives used in this study were K4S4, S4(5–28), S4(5–28)a, K20S4(5–28), K4S4(1–16)a, K4S4(1–15)a and K4S4(1–15). Peptides K4S4, S4(5–28)a, K20S4(5–28), K4S4(1–15)a and K4S4(1–16)a, with a higher positive charge, were the most potent against the bacterial strains tested, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), whereas S4(5–28) and K4S4(1–15), with a lower positive charge, showed the highest MIC (p < .01). Haemolysis percentage depended on peptide concentration (p < .01). The K4S4 was the most powerful haemolytic peptide, showing the highest haemolysis percentage at all peptide concentrations (p < .01). In contrast, S4(5–28), S4(5–28)a, K20S4(5–28) and K4S4(1–15) were not able to produce 50% cell lysis up to 100 µM (p < .01). All peptides reduced sperm motility in a dose‐dependent manner when used in concentrations from 16 to 64 μM (p < .01). The highest reduction was seen due to K4S4 activity, and the lowest reductions of sperm motility were observed due to K4S4(1–16)a and K4S4(1–15)a activity (p < .01). Hence, we can conclude that K4S4(1–16)a and K4S4(1–15)a at a concentration of approximately 15 µM are the most promising peptides as antibacterial agents in fresh bovine semen, because at this concentration, they showed the most potent antibacterial activity against evaluated strains without significant effects on haemolysis or a reduction in sperm motility.
Combined experimental–numerical study on residual stresses induced by a single impact as elementary process of mechanical peening
Authors: Sandmann Paul , Nielsen Marc‐André , Keller Sören , Maawad Emad , Staron Peter , Klusemann Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeening processes can be used as a fatigue enhancement treatment for metallic structures by locally introducing compressive residual stresses. A combined experimental–numerical study on a single‐impact process with a drop tower on the aluminium alloy AA5754, representing the elementary process of mechanical peening, has been performed to investigate different impact parameters on the residual stress profile. Residual stresses have been measured using high‐energy X‐Ray diffraction. A three‐dimensional finite element model is used to predict the residual stresses numerically. The elastic strain components from the numerical results are used to calculate residual stresses by assuming either a plane stress or a plane strain state for different specimen thickness to assess the validity of respective assumption. The validity of the numerical simulation is evaluated based on comparisons of the elastic strain profiles and the percentage loss in kinetic energy of the steel ball due to the impact for four different energies, showing overall a good agreement in the experimental–numerical comparisons.