bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short beam shear properties and failure modes of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure
Authors: Zheng Tengteng , Zou Liuxiao , Hu Yingcheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure was manufactured by insertion-glue method. The birch was used as core, and Oriented Strand Board was used as panel of the sandwich structure. The short beam shear properties and the failure modes of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure with different core direction (vertical and parallel), unit specification (120 mm × 60 mm and 60 mm × 60 mm), core size (50 mm and 60 mm), and drilling depth (9 mm and 12 mm) were investigated by a short beam shear test and the establishment of a theoretical model to study the equivalent shear modulus and deflection response of the X-type lattice sandwich structure. Results from the short beam shear test and the theoretical model showed that the failure modes of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure were mainly the wrinkling and crushing of the panels under three-point bending load. The experimental values of deflection response of various type specimens were higher than the theoretical values of them. For the core direction of parallel, the smaller the unit specification is, the shorter the core size is, and the deeper the drilling depth is, the greater the short beam shear properties of the wood-based X-type lattice sandwich structure is.
Detection of flow units of Quseir Formation (Lower Campanian) as a potential reservoir using experimental correlations of capillary pressure derived parameters, Gebel el-Silsila, Egypt
Authors: Elnaggar Osama M. , Temraz Mostafa G. , Khallaf Mohamed K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSandstone surface samples were collected from Quseir Fm., a member of Nubian Sandstone at Gebel el-Silsila and subjected to petrographical investigation using polarizing microscope. X-Ray diffraction was carried out to determine mineralogy. Scanning electron microscope also was utilized for the morphological characterization of the rock components. This sandstone petrofacies is mainly quartz arenite. The depositional environment of the studied sandstones is fluvial to fluvial-marine, and they suffered post-depositional alterations. Alterations include diagenesis (clay infiltration and original detrital grains disintegration), weathering, deterioration phenomena as erosion, voids existence due to dissolution and absence of bound materials. Mineralogical characterization indicated that quartz is the main constituent of sandstone in addition to kaolinite clay mineral as a cementing material. Petrophysically, the studied samples subjected to porosity and permeability measurements. The measurements showed that the samples are highly porous and permeable. Permeability–porosity relation displayed two groups (A and B). Although porosity values are close to great extent, permeability is quite different for the two groups due to the different distributions of pore throats, perhaps as a result of uneven clay distribution within the two groups of samples. Many capillary pressure-derived parameters were calculated using experimental correlations. The results confirmed the presence of two flow groups, macroport group (group A) and megaport group (group B) that is the best in terms of reservoir quality. The two groups reflect the excellent properties for the studied potential reservoir.
Nutritional and prebiotic efficacy of the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) in honey bees
Authors: Ricigliano Vincent A. , Simone-Finstrom Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the microalga Arthrospira platensis (commonly called spirulina), as a pollen substitute for honey bees. Nutritional analyses indicated that spirulina is rich in essential amino acids and a wide variety of functional lipids (i.e., phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sterols) common in pollen. Feeding bioassays were used to compare dry and fresh laboratory-grown spirulina with bee-collected pollen and a commercial pollen substitute using sucrose syrup as a control. Diets were fed ad libitum as a paste to newly emerged bees in cages (10–13 cage replicates) and bees were sampled at days 5 and 10 for physiological and molecular measurements. Spirulina diets produced biomarker profiles (thorax weight, head protein content, and beneficial gut bacteria abundance) that were indicative of elevated nutritional states, meeting or exceeding the other diets in some metrics despite reduced consumption. Furthermore, spirulina diets led to significantly increased fat body lipid content and mRNA levels of the central storage lipoprotein vitellogenin. We conclude that spirulina has significant potential as a pollen substitute or prebiotic diet additive to improve honey bee health.
Research progress and prospects of coal petrology and coal quality in China
Authors: Tang Yuegang , Li Ruiqing , Wang Shaoqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClean utilization of coal depends on the quality of raw coal, which depends on the coal-forming parent materials (petrology and chemical composition of coal), the multiple media of the coal-forming environment, and some epigenetic conditions, such as thermal evolution (coalification), magmatic hydrothermal fluid, groundwater. Based on the research results of predecessors and prediction studies of coal resources since the founding of China, the present status of research on coal petrology, coal quality, coal metamorphism, and coal geochemistry in China is discussed in detail, with emphasis on research progress and the general situation of highly efficient and clean utilization of coal in the technical fields of coking, pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, and liquefaction, and the development prospects of coal petrology and coal quality in China are prospected.
Development history and prospect of remote sensing technology in coal geology of China
Authors: Tan Kelong , Qiao Junwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoal remote sensing technology was founded in the period of coal resources survey after the founding of People’s Republic of China. Aerophoto Grammetry & Remote Sensing Bureau of China National Administration of Coal Geology was established, specializing in the application and promotion of coal remote sensing technology. With the rapid development of coal geological exploration in China, coal remote sensing technology has evolved from coal geology based survey to comprehensive survey that factors in resources, environment, ecology and so on. This paper summarizes the general situation, theories, development process, key research and future of remote sensing technology for coal mining in China. Spanning over 50 years, the history of China’s coal remote sensing technology can be divided into five stages: aero-geological mapping, coal remote sensing theory experimental research, application research and promotion, architecture planning and productionisation, “3S” technology integration and application. This paper expounds the main technical progress, application fields, major projects and major achievements in various historical periods, and points out that the coal remote sensing has entered a unified development stage of “Aviation, Aerospace and Ground”, with a focus on high-resolution remote sensing, hyperspectral remote sensing, radar remote sensing, “3S” technology integration and multi-means comprehensive exploration and evaluation. In the future, coal remote sensing technology will develop rapidly in data mass, technology integration, evaluation intelligence, integration application programming, system visualization, etc. Coal remote sensing technology has entered the industrial development from technology application.
The Bail-in Beyond Unpredictability: Creditors’ Incentives and Market Discipline
Authors: Martino Edoardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe market discipline of creditors on the risk-taking behaviour of borrowing banks represents a long-lasting debate. Such a debate gained new attention after the post-crisis stream of reforms concerning resolution policy: creditors should be incentivized to make an optimal effort in monitoring their borrowers and, at the same time, their interests have been aligned with the social ones. Many commentators criticized such an expectation especially in the European context, arguing that the lack of credibility and excessive complexity of the resolution mechanism impair the ability and willingness of creditors to exert a disciplining role. This article aims at taking a step forward in this scientific debate, investigating whether the ability to exert disciplining activity is inherently impaired by the design of the Directive. In other words, this research wants to assess if, assuming an ideal environment, creditors would have optimal incentives to monitor banks’ behaviour and to react accordingly. To do so, the article reviews the literature on market discipline, then carries out a legal analysis of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD), focusing on those norms shaping the market for bail-inable securities. Eventually, the incentives stemming from those norms are discussed, assuming an ideal environment where a bail-in is certain and credible and the market for bail-inable securities works smoothly. The analysis highlights that the incentives of creditors toward market discipline are inherently diluted by the BRRD’s legal design because of competing policy objectives pursued by the Directive. The direct normative consequence of such a finding is that enhancing information and predictability, though desirable in principle, will never lead to an optimal monitoring effort, leaving the floor to alternative rule-based strategies.
Investigation of strain rate sensitivity of Gum Metal under tension using digital image correlation
Authors: Golasiński Karol , Pieczyska Elżbieta , Maj Michał , Staszczak Maria , Świec Paweł , Furuta Tadahiko , Kuramoto Shigeru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mechanical behavior of a multifunctional titanium alloy Gum Metal was investigated by conducting tensile tests at various strain rates and applying digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Stress–strain curves confirmed low Young’s modulus and high strength of the alloy. The determined values of yield strength had a tendency to increase, whereas the elongation to the specimen rupture tended to decrease with increasing strain rate. True stress versus strain curves were analyzed using selected lengths of virtual extensometer (VE) placed in the strain localization area. When the initial length of the VE was the same as the gauge length, work hardening was observed macroscopically at lower strain rates, and a softening was seen at higher strain rates. However, the softening effect was not observed at the shorter VE lengths. Evolution of the Hencky strain and rate of deformation tensor component fields were analyzed for various strain rates at selected stages of Gum Metal loading. The DIC analysis demonstrated that for lower strain rates the deformation is macroscopically uniform up to the higher average Hencky strains, whereas for higher strain rates the strain localization occurs at the lower average Hencky strains of the deformation process and takes place in the smaller area. It was also found that for all strain rates applied, the maximal values of Hencky strain immediately before rupture of Gum Metal samples were similar for each of the applied strain rates, and the maximal local values of deformation rate were two orders higher when compared to applied average strain rate values.
Improved stability of a compact vacuum-free laser-plasma X-ray source
Authors: Martín L. , Benlliure J. , Cortina-Gil D. , Peñas J. , Ruiz C. 
Published: May 2020

We report the development of a stable high-average power X-ray source generated by the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses (35 fs, 1 mJ, 1 kHz) with a solid target in air. The achieved source stability, which is essential for the applications foreseen for these laser-driven plasma accelerators, is due to the combination of precise positioning of the target on focus and the development of a fast rotating target system able to ensure the refreshment of the material at every shot while minimizing positioning errors with respect to the focal spot. This vacuum-free laser-plasma X-ray source provides an average dose rate of 1.5 Sv/h at 30 cm and a repeatability better than 93% during more than 36 min of continuous operation per target.
The Nicolas Maduro Regime (O.A.S.)
Authors: Cerna Christina M. 
Published: May 2020

On September 11, 2019, twelve states parties invoked the Inter-American Treaty on Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR), because they considered the crisis in Venezuela to have a destabilizing impact on the peace and security of the hemisphere. Venezuela was one of the twelve, voting in favor; this was because, on April 9, 2019, the Organization of American States (OAS) formally recognized Juan Guaido's representative, Gustavo Tarre, in lieu of Nicolas Maduro's Ambassador. At the OAS General Assembly in June, Tarre's appointment was approved in a much contested and heated session. The OAS has thirty-five member states and approximately one-third of its membership supported the invocation of the TIAR. The TIAR is the OAS's mutual defense pact; it was last invoked following the events of September 11, 2001. Article 5 of the NATO Charter, calling for collective action in the case of an armed attack on one member, is derived from Article 3 of the TIAR. Following invocation of the TIAR, the Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (the OAS equivalent to the UN Security Council, but without veto power) held its 30th meeting in New York City during the UN General Assembly. The result of that meeting was the adoption of the Resolution under consideration here.
Successful aging at work: A process model to guide future research and practice
Authors: Kooij Dorien T. A. M. , Zacher Hannes , Wang Mo , Heckhausen Jutta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough aging workforces result in numerous practical challenges for organizations and societies, little research has focused on successful aging at work. The limited existent research has generated rather diverse conceptualizations of successful aging at work, which are often broad and difficult to operationalize in practice. Therefore, to advance research and practice, we offer a specific and practical conceptualization of successful aging at work by developing a process model, which identifies relevant antecedents and mechanisms. In particular, we define successful aging at work as the proactive maintenance of, or adaptive recovery (after decline) to, high levels of abilityandmotivation to continue working among older workers. We also argue that proactive efforts to maintain, or adaptive efforts to recover and restore, high ability and motivation to continue working result from a self-regulation process that involves goal engagement and disengagement strategies to maintain, adjust, and restore person–environment fit. Further, we propose that at various levels (i.e., person, job, work group, organization, and society) more distal factors function as antecedents of this self-regulation process, with age-related bias and discrimination potentially operating at each level. Finally, we offer a roadmap for future research and practical applications.
Receptive number morphosyntax in children with Down syndrome
Authors: ABREU-MENDOZA ROBERTO A. , JASSO TANIA , SOTO-ALBA ELIA E. , ARIAS-TREJO NATALIA 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the comprehension of plural morphosyntactic markers and its relationship with numerical comparison abilities in children with Down syndrome (DS). It evaluated 16 Spanish-speaking children with DS (mean verbal mental age = 3;6) and 16 typically developing children with similar receptive vocabulary (mean chronological age = 3;5). Children participated in two preferential looking tasks assessing their abilities to map singular and plural markers to their visual referents and to distinguish one object from more than one. Results showed that both groups of children correctly mapped plural markers to their referents but failed to map singular ones. Furthermore, results also indicated that both groups also looked at collections of more than one object with four objects but not at those with two. The eye movement patterns of children who looked at collections of more than one object suggest a counting-like strategy. These results indicate that comprehension of plural markers of children with DS is similar to that of their typically developing peers; however, it is not related to their numerical abilities.
Using Artificial Intelligence to classify Jobseekers: The Accuracy-Equity Trade-off
Authors: DESIERE SAM , STRUYVEN LUDO 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly popular in the public sector to improve the cost-efficiency of service delivery. One example is AI-based profiling models in public employment services (PES), which predict a jobseeker’s probability of finding work and are used to segment jobseekers in groups. Profiling models hold the potential to improve identification of jobseekers at-risk of becoming long-term unemployed, but also induce discrimination. Using a recently developed AI-based profiling model of the Flemish PES, we assess to what extent AI-based profiling ‘discriminates’ against jobseekers of foreign origin compared to traditional rule-based profiling approaches. At a maximum level of accuracy, jobseekers of foreign origin who ultimately find a job are 2.6 times more likely to be misclassified as ‘high-risk’ jobseekers. We argue that it is critical that policymakers and caseworkers understand the inherent trade-offs of profiling models, and consider the limitations when integrating these models in daily operations. We develop a graphical tool to visualize the accuracy-equity trade-off in order to facilitate policy discussions.
Second Earners and In-Work Poverty in Europe
Authors: JARA TAMAYO H. XAVIER , POPOVA DARIA 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit system in moderating this risk. Our analysis refers to 2014 and employs EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union and the United Kingdom. In order to assess the role of second earners in preventing in-work poverty we simulate a counterfactual scenario where second earners become unemployed. Our results show that the effect of net replacement rates (i.e. the ratio of household income before and after the transition of second earners to unemployment) on the probability of in-work poverty is negative and statistically significant, but in relative terms it appears to be small compared to the effects of individual labour market characteristics, such as low pay and part-time employment.
The southern Jiangsu coast is a critical moulting site for Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer
Authors: YANG ZIYOU , LAGASSÉ BENJAMIN J. , XIAO HUI , JACKSON MICHA V. , CHIANG CHUNG-YU , MELVILLE DAVID S. , LEUNG KAR SIN KATHERINE , LI JING , ZHANG LIN , PENG HE-BO , GAN XIAOJING , LIU WEN-LIANG , MA ZHIJUN , CHOI CHI-YEUNG 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe extent of intertidal flats in the Yellow Sea region has declined significantly in the past few decades, resulting in severe population declines in several waterbird species. The Yellow Sea region holds the primary stopover sites for many shorebirds during their migration to and from northern breeding grounds. However, the functional roles of these sites in shorebirds’ stopover ecology remain poorly understood. Through field surveys between July and November 2015, we investigated the stopover and moult schedules of migratory shorebirds along the southern Jiangsu coast, eastern China during their southbound migration, with a focus on the ‘Critically Endangered’ Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and ‘Endangered’ Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer. Long-term count data indicate that both species regularly occur in globally important number in southern Jiangsu coast, constituting 16.67–49.34% and 64.0–80.67% of their global population estimates respectively, and it is highly likely that most adults undergo their primary moult during this southbound migration stopover. Our results show that Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Nordmann’s Greenshank staged for an extended period of time (66 and 84 days, respectively) to complete their primary moult. On average, Spoon-billed Sandpipers and Nordmann’s Greenshanks started moulting primary feathers on 8 August ± 4.52 and 27 July ± 1.56 days respectively, and their moult durations were 72.58 ± 9.08 and 65.09 ± 2.40 days. In addition, some individuals of several other shorebird species including the ‘Endangered’ Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, ‘Near Threatened’ Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, ‘Near Threatened’ Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii also underwent primary moult. Our work highlights the importance of the southern Jiangsu region as the primary moulting ground for these species, reinforcing that conservation of shorebird habitat including both intertidal flats and supratidal roosting sites in this region is critical to safeguard the future of some highly threatened shorebird species.
Spawning induction and embryonic development of Salminus hilarii (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Araújo Bruno Cavalheiro , Mello Paulo Henrique , Moreira Renata Guimarães , Hilsdorf Alexandre Wagner Silva , Marques Victor Hugo , Honji Renato Massaaki 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe present study aimed to evaluate two different methods of artificial reproduction induction, and characterize the embryonic development of Salminus hilarii. Different than observed for other tropical fish species, artificial reproduction induction followed by hand-stripping of gametes was considered unfeasible for S. hilarii, as no gamete fertilization was observed. However, females that were induced and spawned naturally presented a fertilization rate of 65.64 ± 0.54%. With a mean temperature of 26.20 ± 0.90ºC it was possible to clearly distinguish a large perivitelline space at 14 min after fertilization (AF) and at 49 min AF more than 50% of the embryos presented two blastomeres, and these cleavages occurred until 1 h 54 min AF. The gastrula phase was characterized at 3 h 56 min AF, and blastopore closure was observed at 8 h 31 min AF. At 9 h 1 min, organogenesis started, with a clear distinction of the yolk mass, embryonic axis, cephalic and caudal regions; at 11 h 51 min AF the embryos already had advanced segmentation and a free tail. Total hatching occurred at 21 h 17 min and after opening the mouth, which occurred at 33 h 9 min, the larvae of S. hilarii presented a strong and characteristic cannibalism. This information can be considered fundamental to improving S. hilarii production in captivity and for collaboration with a conservation programme in the upper Tietê river basin.