bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riluzole Exhibits No Therapeutic Efficacy on a Transgenic Rat model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Chen Si , Liao Qiao , Lu Ke , Zhou Jinxia , Huang Cao , Bi Fangfang 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disorder clinically
characterized by motor system dysfunction, with intraneuronal accumulation of the TAR DNAbinding
protein 43 (TDP-43) being a pathological hallmark. Riluzole is a primarily prescribed
medicine for ALS patients, while its therapeutical efficacy appears limited. TDP-43 transgenic
mice are existing animal models for mechanistic/translational research into ALS.

Methods:
We developed a transgenic rat model of ALS expressing a mutant human TDP-43 transgene
(TDP-43M337V) and evaluated the therapeutic effect of Riluzole on this model. Relative to
control, rats with TDP-43M337V expression promoted by the neurofilament heavy subunit (NEF)
gene or specifically in motor neurons promoted by the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene
showed progressive worsening of mobility and grip strength, along with loss of motor neurons,
microglial activation, and intraneuronal accumulation of TDP-43 and ubiquitin aggregations in the
spinal cord.

Results:
Compared to vehicle control, intragastric administration of Riluzole (30 mg/kg/d) did not
mitigate the behavioral deficits nor alter the neuropathologies in the transgenics.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that transgenic rats recapitulate the basic neurological and
neuropathological characteristics of human ALS, while Riluzole treatment can not halt the development
of the behavioral and histopathological phenotypes in this new transgenic rodent model of
ALS.
CircRNA SCARB1 Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Via Mir- 510-5p/SDC3 Axis
Authors: Sun Jijian , Pan Shijie , Cui Hongquan , Li Hao 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Emerging studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important
roles in the development of many tumors. CircRNA-scavenger receptor class B member 1
(Circ-SCARB1) was consistently reported as an elevated circRNA in RCC tissues. This study focused
on examining the biological function and molecular mechanism of circSCARB1 in RCC progression.

Methods:
Expressions of Circ-SCARB1, microRNA (miR)-510-5p, and syndecan 3 (SDC3) were
detected using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or western blot.
Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-diphenytetrazoliumromide
and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were measured
using Transwell assays. The interaction between miR-510-5p and Circ-SCARB1 or SDC3 was
verified using dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results:
Circ-SCARB1 was elevated in 30 pairs of RCC tissues and multiple RCC cell lines.
Knockdown of Circ-SCARB1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing
cell apoptosis. MiR-510-5p was confirmed to be a target of Circ-SCARB1; inhibition of cell progression
by silencing Circ-SCARB1 was mediated by a direct interaction between Circ-SCARB1
and miR-510-5p. SDC3 was verified to be a gene target of miR-510-5p; transfection of miR-510-5p
mimic not only suppressed the expression of SDC3 but also the cell proliferation and an SDC3 cotransfection
partially restored cell proliferation. Additionally, the genetic knockdown of Circ-
SCARB1 reduced the expression SDC3, and the addition of anti-miR-510-5p could partially reelevate
SDC3 expression.

Conclusion:
Circ-SCARB1 promotes RCC progression via sequestering miR-510-5p and indirectly
up-regulating SDC3 expression. This provides a novel perspective for the pathogenesis of RCC and
potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of RCC.
Electrophilic Aromatic Synthesis of Radioiodinated Aripiprazole: Experimental and DFT Investigations
Authors: Moustapha Moustapha E. , Geesi Mohammed H. , Farag Zeinab R. , Anouar El Hassane 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Aripiprazole is a quinolinone derivative. It shows a high affinity for neurotransmitters
dopamine and serotonin receptors, which can overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central
nervous system (CNS) to exert therapeutic effects. Its radioiodination may lead to high radiochemical yield and
improved its affinity. Aripiprazole radioiodination is an aromatic electrophilic substitution.

Objective:
Herein, we investigate the favorable atom site of the aromatic electrophilic substitution of
aripiprazole by calculating the Fukui indices of heavy atoms and ESP charges of the parent molecule.

Methods:
The calculations have been carried out at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory. The iodinated
aripiprazole structure is confirmed by comparing the experimental and the predicted 1H NMR chemical shifts
of the parent molecule and its iodinated forms.

Result:
Finally, the electronic properties of aripiprazole and its iodinated form were calculated at the same
level of theory. Nucleophilic Fukui indices and ESP charges calculations confirm that C8 is the most favorable
site of the electrophilic substitution. The calculated electronic properties (e.g, gap energy, electron affinity, and
electronegativity) of aripiprazole and its iodinated form reveal the higher reactivity of iodinated aripiprazole
compared with aripiprazole.

Conclusion:
This may explain the higher affinity of iodinated aripiprazole and the increase of its radiochemical
yield.
Discovery of a Highly Potent and Novel Gambogic Acid Derivative as an Anticancer Drug Candidate
Authors: Ling Huiping , Li Hong , Chen Meijun , Lai Baolong , Zhou Haiming , Gao Hui , Zhang Jiangye , Huang Yan , Tao Yiwen 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose:Gambogic acid (GA), a promising anti-cancer agent isolated from the resin of Garcinia species in Southeast Asia, exhibits high potency in inhibiting a wide variety of cancer cells growth. Moreover, the fact that it is amenable to chemical modification makes GA an attractive molecule for the development of anticancer agents.Methods:Gambogic acid-3-(4-pyrimidinyloxy) propyl ester (compound 4) was derived from the reaction between 4-hydroxypropoxy pyrimidine and GA. Its structure was elucidated by comprehensive analysis of ESIMS, HRESIMS, 1 D NMR data. Antitumor activities of compound 4 and GA in vitro against HepG-2, A549 and MCF-7 cells were investigated by MTT assay. FITC/PI dye were used to test apoptosis. The binding affinity difference of compound 4 and GA binding to IKKβ was studied by using Discovery Studio 2016.Results:Compound 4 was successfully synthesized and showed strong inhibitory effects on HepG-2, A549 and MCF-7 cells lines with an IC50value of 1.49±0.11, 1.37±0.06 and 0.64±0.16μM, respectively. Molecular docking study demonstrated that four more hydrogen bonds were established between IKKβ and compound 4, compared with GA.Conclusion:Our results suggested that compound 4 showed significant effects in inducing apoptosis. Further molecular docking study indicated that the introduction of pyrimidine could improve GA’s binding affinity to IKKβ. Compound 4 may serve as a potential lead compound for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Methodology for evaluating linear and non-linear effects in a radio over fiber system
Authors: Puerto López Karla Cecilia , Báez Parada Rudy Paolo , Torres Palencia Ángel David , Guevara Ibarra Dinael 
Published: April 2020

This article shows the methodology used to evaluate the linear and non-linear effects present in a radio over fiber system (RoF) by employing the multiplexing technique used for dense wave division, the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technique. It is completed with a dissemination of 50 GHz, in accordance to the standards of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), through a channel speed of 10 Gbps, at an input power in the optical channel of 30mW, for optical fiber stretches of 40km, 60km and 80km. It presents the modeling of the RoF system graphically through a block diagram by means Matlab, a computational tool, whereby each of the stages of the RoF system are implemented using the libraries offered by the ‘simulink’ toolbox of Matlab. As a result, it is obtained that the methodology proposed for the evaluation of the RoF system using the DWDM technique allows for the analysis of linear and non-linear effects; where it is observed that the effects that degrade the signal are proportional to the established distances of the optical fiber and that the optical input power used is optimal for the optical fiber to behave as a non-linear medium.
Accounting Quality and Debt Concentration
Authors: Li Ningzhong , Lou Yun , Otto Clemens A. , Wittenberg-Moerman Regina 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the relation between accounting quality and debt concentration in corporate capital structures (i.e., firms' tendency to rely predominantly on only a few types of debt). Motivated by theoretical and empirical research that supports a strong link between debt concentration and creditors' coordination costs and the importance of accounting quality in reducing these costs, we hypothesize that firms with higher accounting quality have less concentrated debt structures. Measuring accounting quality with a comprehensive index based on the occurrence of material internal control weaknesses, accounting restatements, SEC AAERs, and firms' reliance on small auditors, we find that higher accounting quality is indeed associated with less concentrated debt structures. This relation is stronger for firms with higher default risk, as the probability that creditors need to coordinate is higher, and for firms with lower liquidation values, as creditor coordination to avoid liquidation is more important.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M4; G32; G33.
Error or Fraud? The Effect of Omissions on Management's Fraud Strategies and Auditors' Evaluations of Identified Misstatements
Authors: Hamilton Erin L. , Smith Jason L. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Using experiments with 58 corporate managers and 215 auditors, we examine whether managers attempt to reduce the perceived intentionality of their fraudulent misstatements by perpetrating fraud via omission, as opposed to a more active form of commission, and how auditors evaluate the resulting misstatements. We find that managers choose to omit a transaction from the financial statements rather than record a transaction inappropriately. They also choose to omit critical information from supporting documents rather than provide misleading information. However, auditors generally believe misstatements involving omissions are unintentional. Specifically, we find auditors are less skeptical of an omitted transaction compared to a misrecorded transaction. They are also less skeptical of a misstatement that results from management omitting information from a supporting document compared to misrepresenting information. Overall, our studies identify a method of fraud—omission—that managers are likely to use, but that auditors are unlikely to judge as being intentional.
On the Economics of Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation and Tenure: Evidence from PCAOB Data
Authors: Gipper Brandon , Hail Luzi , Leuz Christian 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyze the effects of partner tenure and mandatory rotation on audit quality, pricing, and production for a large cross-section of U.S. public firms during 2008–2014. On average, we find no evidence that audit quality declines over the tenure cycle and little support for “fresh-look” benefits provided by the new audit partner. Audit fees decline and audit hours increase after mandatory rotation, but then reverse over the tenure cycle. We also find evidence that audit firms use “shadowing” in preparation for a lead partner turnover. These effects differ by competitiveness of the local audit market, client size, and partner experience. When multiple members of the audit team commence work at a new client, the transition appears to be more disruptive and more likely to exhibit audit quality effects. Our findings point to costly efforts by the audit firms to minimize disruptions and audit failures around mandatory rotations.
JEL Classifications: J01; J44; L84; M21; M42.
Penalties for Unexpected Behavior: Double Standards for Women in Finance
Authors: Bloomfield Robert J. , Rennekamp Kristina , Steenhoven Blake , Stewart Scott 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present 179 investment professionals with a scenario that manipulates whether a male or female analyst persists in pitching a stock pick after it has been voted down. Respondents evaluate analysts as less promotable when they do not persist, but only if the analyst is female. Results are consistent with categorization theory, which suggests that evaluators rely on stereotypes to interpret unexpected behaviors. In male-dominated settings, the same unexpected behavior may be perceived as evidence of a “lack of fit” in evaluations of women, but nondiagnostic in evaluations of men. Analysis of free-response questions confirm that the unexpected behavior was a predominant focus in performance evaluations of women, but not for men. Semi-structured interviews with 13 senior investment professionals provide additional support for the role of expectations and categorization heuristics on promotion decisions. Our findings shed light on factors that may contribute to the investment industry's “leaky pipeline” for women.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49; M51.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Analisis Kinerja Transmisi Citra Melalui Kanal Mobile To Mobile Pada Sistem Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Authors: Amillia Fitri 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRAK Long Term Evolution (LTE) merupakan teknologi nirkabel generasi keempat (4G) memberikan layanan aplikasi multimedia berupa gambar, video dan audio berkualitas tinggi dan kecepatan internet yang tinggi menggunakan teknik transmisi Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Pada sistem ini menggunakan kanal mobile to mobile, dimana pemancar dan penerima serta entitas jaringan selalu bergerak. Pergerakan pengguna atau obyek di sekitarnya menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran frekuensi (Doppler shift) yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja sistem komunikasi. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan penelitian analisis kinerja transmisi citra melalui kanal mobile to mobile pada sistem OFDM. Hasil perbandingan transmisi masing-masing citra yang berbeda ukuran dalam pixel yang melalui kanal mobile to mobile menggunakan teknik modulasi 4 QAM lebih cepat mendekati nilai standard BER sebesar 10-3 daripada teknik modulasi 16 QAM. Sistem kinerja transmisi citra pada teknik modulasi 4 QAM menunjukkan kinerja transmisi lebih baik disebabkan rendahnya nilai rata-rata Eb/No 16.61 dB mampu memberikan persentase error yang cukup kecil dari pada menggunakan teknik modulasi 16 QAM nilai rata-rata Eb/No yaitu 25.71 dB. Kata Kunci: OFDM, Citra, Transmisi, kanal mobile to mobile, QAM
Sequestro de carbono
Authors: Schinato Franco 
Published: April 2020

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Canoinhas (BHRC) ocupa uma superfície de 1.663km², representando cerca de 16% da área do Planalto Norte Catarinense (PNC). Esta região era originalmente coberta por ecossistemas naturais com predomínio da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), uma das formações do bioma Mata Atlântica. A Mata de Araucárias apresenta elevados níveis de biodiversidade e alta capacidade de produção de biomassa florestal, sendo que sua ampla abrangência resulta em grandes reservatórios de carbono. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a distribuição espacial do estoque de carbono na BHRC. Para isto foram gerados mapas de cobertura e uso dos solos da BHRC, utilizando imagens satelitais de média resolução espacial dos anos de 2006, ano de instauração da Lei da Mata Atlântica, e de 2014. A determinação dos estoques de carbono das coberturas foi realizada por meio de revisão de literatura científica. Finalmente, estes materiais foram utilizados para gerar mapas de distribuição espacial de estoque de carbono. Como resultados se verificou que as áreas com vegetação nativa aumentaram 7.290 hectares, representando uma variação de 11%. As superfícies de produção florestal com espécies exóticas aumentaram 950 hectares (8,5%), com diminuição no uso de espécies do gênero Pinus, e aumento de 519% nas áreas com espécies do gênero Eucalyptus. Com base nas informações geradas se pode evidenciar o papel dos dispositivos legais para conservação da vegetação nativa, bem como identificar as principais áreas de armazenamento de carbono na BHRC. O uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto se apresenta como uma ferramenta importante para análises espaciais de Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SE).
Palavras chave: Serviços Ecossistêmicos. Sensoriamento Remoto. Mata de Araucárias.
Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) sect. Trionychon Wallr., en Andalucía
Authors: Pujadas Salva Antonio J. 
Published: April 2020

Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) sect. Trionychon Wallr., en Andalucía. Se ha llevado a cabo la revisión de las especies de la sección Trionychon Wallr. del genero Orobanche en Andalucía, sur de la Península Ibérica. Para ello se ha realizado una exhaustiva prospección botánica y una revisión crítica de la información bibliográfica existente y de los principales herbarios nacionales. Para las siete especies identificadas aportamos su corología, características ecológicas y hospedantes. Resaltamos la presencia de especies de marcado interés corológico como son O. lavandulacea Rchb. y O. purpurea Jacq. como taxones no citados en gran parte del territorio.
Filosofía nietzscheana de la tensión: la re-sistencia del pensar
Authors: Cragnolini Mónica B. 
Published: April 2020

RESUMENLas interpretaciones de la filosofía de Nietzsche en términos de un irracionalismo sin fuerza crítica o de un superracionalismo sin fuerza afirmadora, resultan formas de posiciones extremas (algo que Nietzsche rechazó expresamente en su concepto de «nihilismo decadente») que no tienen en cuenta la peculiar «tensión» que se produce entre el «si» afirmador y el «no» crítico en este pensamiento. En este trabajo se destaca el carácter tensional de la filosofía nietzscheana desde diversos puntos de vista: la interpretación de la voluntad de poder como «razón imaginativa», la idea del «yo en tensión» en el concepto de Zwischen, la interpretación del instante en el pensamiento del eterno retorno.PALABRAS CLAVENIETZSCHE-NIHILISMOABSTRACTThe interpretations of Nietzsche´s philosophy in terms of an irrationalism without ciritcal forcé or a superrationalism without affirmative forcé, become extreme positions (something that Nietzsche expressely rejected in his concept of «decadent nihilism» that do not take into consideration the peculiar «tension» between the affirmative «yes» and the critical «no» of this thought. In these paper, I will underline the tensional carácter of Nietzschean philosophy from several points of view: the interpretation of the will to power as «imaginative reason», the idea of the «self in tension» in the concepto of Zwischen, and the interpretation os instant in the eternal recurrence.KEYWORDSNIETZSCHE-NIHILISM
Presencia de Carnap en el nominalismo de Hartry Field
Authors: Caba Sánchez Antonio 
Published: April 2020

RESUMENDesde su perspectiva nominalista, Dield sostiene que la utilidad de los enunciados matemáticos en el mundo físico no proporciona razones suficientes para creer que sean verdaderos; en realidad, las matemáticas no son algo que pueda evaluarse adecuadamente en términos de verdad o de falsedad. Por ello, tiene que negar la existencia de entidades matemáticas y rebatir la tesis de que estas entidades sean teóricamente indispensables. En su lugar, argumenta que la utilidad de las matemáticas puede justificarse solamente por su carácter conservativo, esto es, que cualquier inferencia que pueda hacerse a partir de premisas nominalistas con su ayuda, podría haberse hecho sin ella. El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que los aspectos más importantes del planteamiento de Field han sido mantenidos, hasta cierto punto, por Carnap y los empiristas lógicos.PALABRAS CLAVEEMPIRISMO LOGICO-NOMINALISMO-CARNAP-FIELDABSTRACTFrom his nominalistic point of view, Field claims that the utiity of mathematical assertions in the physical world gives no ground for believing in their trith; actually, mathematics is not the sort of thing that can be appropiately evaluated in terms of truth and falsehood. So, he has to deny that mathematical entities exist, and undermine the thesis that these entities are theoretically indispensable. he argues, instead, that the utility of mathematics can be accounted for only by its conservatiness, i.e., that any inference from nominalistic premises that can be made with the help of mathematics, could be made without it. The goal of this paper is to show that Field's main claim have been maintened, up to a point, by Carnap and the logical positivists. KEYWORDSLOGICAL EMPIRICISM-NOMINALISM-CARNAP-FIELD
Spiral, Slasher, and Sequel: Case of "Happy Death Day" (2017) and "Happy Death Day 2U" (2019)
Authors: Kokeš Radomír D. 
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the films Happy Death Day (2017) and Happy Death Day 2U (2019). Both handle the spiral narrative, which is recognised by the article as a specific storytelling pattern with a protagonist stuck in an iterative segment of space, time and causality – and this protagonist is not only fully aware of this situation but also tries to deal with it. What for other unaware characters is a closed loop is for the protagonist an open experience with an odd number of turns of time spiral. The spiral narrative is known mostly from high-budget films such as Groundhog Day (1993) or Edge Of Tomorrow (2014). Nevertheless, as the article explains, it occurs in dozens of other theatrical films, VOD films, television films or television shows. However, what are the reasons why, when there is an extensive set of works to choose from, does the article take just the doublet of Happy Death Day films? (1) On their example, the article discusses the author’s general hypothesis about spiral narrative works as a series of applications of the innovative narrative schema as an aesthetic tool. Such a hypothesis consists of three broader dimensions: (a) the aesthetic dimension, i.e. the spiral schema as a part of the art work; (b) the creative dimension, i.e. the spiral schema as part of the problem-solution process of filmmaking; (c) the production dimension, i.e. the spiral schema as a part of the competition of audiovisual production. (2) An even more important reason, though, for selecting just these two films has been the fact that Happy Death Day 2U is a sequel of Happy Death Day. In the „post-classical era” of global franchises, sequels, prequels, remakes, reboots and transmedia storytellings, this does not seem to be exceptional. However, in the context of the spiral narrative, this is an unprecedented step that raises several questions the article asks.