bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relevance of a multidomain geriatric assessment in older patients with heart failure
Authors: Kleipool Emma E.F. , Wiersinga Julia H.I. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , van Rossum Albert C. , van Dam Carmen S. , Liem Su‐San , Peters Mike J.L. , Handoko M. Louis , Muller Majon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsPhysical frailty screening is more commonly performed at outpatient heart failure (HF) clinics. However, this does not incorporate other common geriatric domains. This study assesses whether a multidomain geriatric assessment, in comparison with HF severity or physical frailty, is associated with short‐term adverse outcomes.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective cohort study of 197 patients with HF (mean age 78, 44% female) attending outpatient HF clinics. HF severity was assessed with New York Heart Association class (I‐II versus III‐IV) and N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide levels. Physical frailty was assessed with the Fried frailty criteria (not frail, pre‐frail, and frail). The following geriatric domains were assessed: physical function, nutrition, polypharmacy, cognition, and dependency in activities of daily living. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, diabetes and kidney function assessed 3 month risk of adverse health outcomes (emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and/or death) according to HF severity, physical frailty, and number of affected domains. Number (%) of patients with HF with no, 1, 2, and ≥3 domains affected were 36 (18%), 61 (31%), 58 (29%), and 42 (21%). Seventy‐four adverse outcomes were experienced in 50 patients at follow‐up. Severity of HF and physical frailty were not significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. However, increasing number of affected domains were significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Compared with no domains affected, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for 1, 2, and ≥3 domains were 1.8 (0.5–6.5), 4.5 (1.3–15.4), and 7.2 (2.0–26.3) (P‐trend <0.01). Further adjustment for HF severity and frailty status slightly attenuated the effect estimates (P‐trend 0.02).ConclusionsHaving limitations in multiple domains appears more strongly associated with short‐term adverse outcomes than HF severity and physical frailty. This may illustrate the potential added value of a multidomain geriatric assessment in the evaluation and treatment of patients with HF with respect to relevant short‐term health outcomes.
Turbulence statistics and flow structure in fluid flow using particle image velocimetry technique: A review
Authors: Ayegba Paul Onubi , Edomwonyi‐Otu Lawrence C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParticle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement technique provides an excellent opportunity for investigating instantaneous spatial structures which are not always possible with point measurements techniques like laser Doppler velocimetry. In this review, it was shown that PIV technique provides an effective means of visualizing important structures of Newtonian and drag‐reducing fluid flows. Such structures include large‐scale‐events that constitute an important portion of the Reynolds stress tensor; shear layers of drag‐reducing flows, which have been suggested to constitute the mechanism of drag reduction (DR); and near wall vortices/low speed streaks which constitute the mechanism of turbulence production. PIV investigations of turbulence statistics in Newtonian and drag‐reducing fluid flows were reviewed with the view of providing explanation to DR by additives. Results of turbulence statistics, for Newtonian fluid flow, showed that streamwise velocity fluctuations and turbulence intensity had peak values close to the wall, in a region of high mean velocity gradient, while radial fluctuating velocity and Reynolds stress tensor had peaks further from the wall and at approximately the same detachment from the wall. In single‐ and two‐phase flows in horizontal channels, the velocity profile of polymer solution, in the turbulent regime, show asymmetric behavior. This review highlighted important interfacial characteristics in gas‐liquid flows such as S‐shaped velocity profile as well as the turbulences statistics in each phase and across the interface region. Drag‐reducing agents (DRAs)‐imposed changes on turbulence statistics and flow structures were also examined. PIV studies of drag‐reducing flows showed that DRAs act to dampen wall‐normal‐, streamwise fluctuating velocity, and Reynolds stress tensor. The reduction in Reynolds stress tensor is higher than the reduction of both wall‐normal and streamwise velocity fluctuations and this discrepancy has been associated with the decorrelation of the component of fluctuating velocity. Furthermore, the addition of DRA produces a shift of the peak of wall‐normal velocity fluctuations further from the wall due to increased buffer layer thickness. DRAs do not only act to reduce drag but also to modify the flow structure. The major influence of DRAs on flow structures is seen in the reduced strength and population of vortices close to the wall, increased spacing between low‐speed streaks, reduced frequency of large‐scale events and reduced concentration of small eddies. Effect of DRAs on flow structures depends not only on the level of DR but also on the concentration and molecular weight. The effect of concentration is linked to the elastic properties of the DRA. The influence of DRA on oil‐water flows in similar to its effect on single phase water flow with regards to changes in near wall structures and turbulence statistics. A few research gaps and limitations of the PIV techniques were also highlighted.
Targeting alveolar macrophages shows better treatment response than deletion of interstitial macrophages in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Alikhanyan Kristina , Chen Yuanyuan , Kraut Simone , Sotillo Rocio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical in the development of lung adenocarcinoma driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Whether interstitial macrophages (IMs) are also involved in lung tumorigenesis is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of both AM and IM in the development of EGFR mutant driven lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe used the EGFR mutant doxycycline‐inducible mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma to deplete interstitial or AMs by clodronate‐encapsulated liposomes administered intravenously (IV) and intratracheally (IT), respectively. Tumor burden, AMs, and the tumor microenvironment were examined by immunohistochemistry, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or flow cytometry.ResultsClodronate treatment resulted in a significant reduction of tumor burden compared with vehicle liposomes alone. Elimination of AMs resulted in a significant reduction of proliferation compared with IV treatment. However, both treatments resulted in a significantly higher number of Ki67 positive cells compared with control mice, suggesting that tumor cells still proliferate despite the treatment. The number of natural killer cells decreased during tumor development, and it remained low even after the elimination of AMs. We also observed that IT instillation of clodronate significantly increased the number of CD8+ T cells, which was higher compared with vehicle‐treated mice and mice where only IMs were depleted. The similar trend was observed in immunohistological analyses of CD8+ T cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the reduction of AMs has a stronger impact on restricting tumor progression compared with targeting IMs. The depletion of AMs leads to an elevated infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the lung that might be responsible for tumor growth impairment. Altogether, elimination of AMs is a better strategy to reduce EGFR mutant tumor growth and is less toxic, suggesting the selectively targeting of AMs to complement established therapies.
Assessing the Recyclability of Supramolecularly Assembled Organocatalytic Species: A Theoretical Insight
Authors: Llorens Lluis , Llanes Patricia , Fianchini Mauro , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAsymmetric organocatalytic synthesis is a powerful tool in organic chemistry to achieve desired stereoisomers in high purity via mild catalytic routes. The immobilization of homogeneous catalytic species onto heterogeneous phases embodies the evolution of asymmetric catalysis, since it allows the recycling of the catalyst for several runs until degradation. Previously reported non‐covalent immobilization of proline‐based catalysts for aldol reaction onto magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin (MNP‐β‐CB) demonstrated the viability of the methodology. This paper proposes two new catalyst recycling strategies based on Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) for the aldol reaction and the Robinson annulation. These recycling methodologies are conceptually different. The former relies on the homogeneous encapsulation of the catalyst in cucurbituril, CB[7] ⋅ Cat, and its recycling in the aqueous phase by extraction of the aldol product with organic solvents. The latter relies on the heterogeneous encapsulation of the catalyst as MNP‐CB[7] ⋅ Cat2 system and its recycling by magnetic harvesting. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to rationalize the thermodynamics of experimental results, and to suggest caveats and plausible improvements in view of a future catalytic design.
Downregulation of serum exosomal miR‐320d predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Wenxiao , Ding Xuemei , Wang Shaohong , Xu Li , Yin Tao , Han Shuangxi , Geng Jianli , Sun Wenbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) is a class of functional regulator of tumorigenesis of human cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential clinical significance of serum exosomal miR‐320d in HCC has not been elucidated.MethodsReal‐time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the expression pattern of serum exosomal miR‐320d in patients with HCC, and the correlation between the deregulation of serum exosomal miR‐320d and the clinical outcome of HCC was explored. The biological function of exosomal miR‐320d in HCC was also investigated.ResultsOur results showed that the expression levels of exosomal miR‐320d were remarkably reduced in the serum samples of HCC patients and the culture medium of HCC cell lines compared with their respective controls. Serum exosomal miR‐320d could differentiate the HCC patients from healthy controls with high accuracy. In addition, its level was remarkably increased in the HCC patients who had received surgical treatment. Moreover, reduced serum exosomal miR‐320d was associated with advanced tumor stage, positive lymph node metastasis, and poorly differentiated tumors. HCC patients with lower serum exosomal miR‐320d had shorter overall and disease‐free survival. Low serum exosomal miR‐320d was identified to be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC. Finally, overexpression of miR‐320d inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells, and BMI1 was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR‐320d.ConclusionTaken together, serum exosomal miR‐320d could be a potential non‐invasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
Multivariate network meta‐analysis of survival function parameters
Authors: Cope Shannon , Chan Keith , Jansen Jeroen P. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundNetwork meta‐analysis (NMA) of survival data with a multidimensional treatment effect has been introduced as an alternative to NMA based on the proportional hazards assumption. However, these flexible models have some limitations, such as the use of an approximate likelihood based on discrete hazards, rather than a likelihood for individual event times. The aim of this article is to overcome the limitations and present an alternative implementation of these flexible NMA models for time‐to‐event outcomes with a two‐step approach.MethodsFirst, for each arm of every randomised controlled trial (RCT) connected in the network of evidence, reconstructed patient data are fit to alternative survival distributions, including the exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log‐normal, and log‐logistic. Next, for each distribution, its scale and shape parameters are included in a multivariate NMA to obtain time‐varying estimates of relative treatment effects between competing interventions.ResultsAn illustrative analysis is presented for a network of RCTs evaluating multiple interventions for advanced melanoma regarding overall survival. Alternative survival distributions were compared based on model fit criteria. Based on the log‐logistic distribution, the difference in shape and scale parameters for each treatment versus dacarbazine (DTIC) was identified and the corresponding log hazard and survival curves were presented.ConclusionsThe presented two‐step NMA approach provides an evidence synthesis framework for time‐to‐event outcomes grounded in standard practice of parametric survival analysis. The method allows for a more transparent and efficient model selection process.
Changes in the Interventricular Septal Curvature in Healthy Full‐term Neonates During the First 14 Days of Life
Authors: Zhan Ying , Ren Weidong , Xiao Yangjie , Qiao Wei , Song Guang , Sun Lu 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesInterventricular septal geometry and motion reflect the interaction between the ventricles, and an abnormal shape and abnormal motion are always regarded as signs of increased right ventricular or pulmonary artery pressure. During the neonatal period, there are profound changes in the cardiac circulation. The aims of this study were to quantitatively analyze neonatal septal deformations under normal physiologic conditions and evaluate the changes in association with the hemodynamic changes occurring during the transitional period.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 114 healthy full‐term neonates from birth to 14 days of age. Normalized septal curvatures were measured on left ventricular parasternal short‐axis views during end diastole and end systole. The interventricular pressure gradient, ratio of ventricular volumes, septal strain, thickness, and some clinical characteristics were assessed, along with the association of these parameters with septal curvature.ResultsAll 4 normalized septal curvatures were found to have a significant correlation with the trans‐septal pressure gradient (TSPG) and the end‐diastolic volume ratio of the left and right ventricles (P < .0001). The TSPG had the highest impact on septal curvature, and among the 4 curvatures, the middle end‐systolic normalized septal curvature had the highest correlation with the TSPG (r2 = 0.948; P < .0001).ConclusionsThere were significant correlations between septal curvature and the interventricular pressure gradient and ventricular volume ratio in healthy full‐term neonates. The normalized septal curvatures gradually increased with increasing age and could be good indicators of the hemodynamic changes occurring during the transitional period.
On the value of QSM from MPRAGE for segmenting and quantifying iron‐rich deep gray matter
Authors: Naji Nashwan , Sun Hongfu , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been employed for both iron evaluation and segmentation of deep gray matter (DGM), but QSM sequences are not typically used in standard brain volumetric studies, which use T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) with short TE. Here, QSM produced directly from standard MPRAGE phase (

) is evaluated for segmentation and quantification of highly iron‐rich DGM regions.MethodsSimulations were used to explore quality and possible limitations. In addition, QSM from a standard multi‐echo gradient‐echo (

) was compared to

in 40 healthy adults at 3T. DGM structures with weak contrast on MPRAGE magnitude were evaluated for improving segmentation with

, with focus on the iron‐rich globus pallidus (GP). Furthermore, susceptibility quantification was assessed on six DGM nuclei and compared to standard

.ResultsLimited by TE and signal‐to‐noise ratio, only iron‐rich regions like GP and dentate nucleus produced adequate contrast on

, confining applications to such regions.

improved GP segmentation with mean Dice scores raised by 9.0%, and mean volumetric differences reduced by 9.7%. Simulations suggested that phase contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) should be above 3.0 to attain segmentation improvement. For quantification purposes, higher CNR is required, and typical

provided comparable estimates to

in large iron‐rich DGM nuclei.ConclusionDespite the short TE of standard MPRAGE,

can improve GP segmentation over the use of MPRAGE magnitude alone and roughly quantify high‐iron regions in DGM. Thus, reconstructing

can be a useful addition to volumetric studies that rarely include standard

.
Natural Recolonization by Pacific Lampreys in a Southern California Coastal Drainage: Implications for Their Biology and Conservation
Authors: Reid Stewart B. , Goodman Damon H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The historical range of anadromous Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus includes coastal drainages from Alaska south to northern Baja California. However, there has been a widespread loss of distribution inland due to the construction of dams that form impassable barriers as well as a loss of Pacific Lampreys from some historically occupied drainages in the south. These losses have prompted the consideration of suitable approaches to reestablishing Pacific Lamprey populations through either active intervention or natural processes. While Pacific Lampreys apparently do not home to natal streams, they are thought to use cues that are related to such factors as flow patterns or the presence of ammocoete (larval lamprey) pheromones in offshore river plumes to identify suitable rivers for spawning and rearing. In this report, we present documentation of natural recolonization of the San Luis Obispo drainage by Pacific Lampreys on the central California coast, located 130 km south of the nearest freshwater population of Pacific Lampreys and with no existing ammocoete population. We also review recent observations of adult Pacific Lampreys in other southern rivers, recolonization of the Carmel River following dam removal, and indications that Pacific Lampreys are still using oceanic habitat off southern California. The results of our investigation demonstrate that Pacific Lampreys are fully capable of returning to an isolated drainage from which they have been extirpated and then rapidly reestablishing a viable population of ammocoetes, contradicting the hypothesis that they are dependent on existing ammocoete pheromones or adult sex pheromones to attract adults. These results indicate the importance of proactive management for Pacific Lampreys in drainages within their historical range, even if they are not currently present. The results also demonstrate that recolonization does not necessarily require active reintroduction efforts. Rather, conservation efforts should focus on identifying factors that may have led to the loss of Pacific Lamprey and removing potential impediments in order to facilitate natural recolonization.
On active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement
Authors: Chen Sen , Xue Wenchao , Huang Yi 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe paper proposes a novel control design for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement. The output linearization is utilized to handle the nonlinearities in system dynamics and measurement. Firstly, the integrator chain for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties is analyzed. Based on the fundamental integrator chain form, the equivalent total effect of multiple uncertainties is summarized as total disturbance. By timely estimating and compensating for the total disturbance, an active disturbance rejection control design to handle both multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement is proposed. Moreover, the transient performance of the corresponding closed‐loop system is rigorously studied, which theoretically reveals the high consistence of the tracking performance despite various multiple uncertainties.
Hot accelerated qubits: decoherence, thermalization, secular growth and reliable late-time predictions
Authors: Kaplanek Greg , Burgess C. P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We compute how an accelerating qubit coupled to a scalar field — i.e. an Unruh-DeWitt detector — evolves in flat space, with an emphasis on its late-time behaviour. When calculable, the qubit evolves towards a thermal state for a field prepared in the Minkowski vacuum, with the approach to this limit controlled by two different time-scales. For a free field we compute both of these as functions of the difference between qubit energy levels, the dimensionless qubit/field coupling constant, the scalar field mass and the qubit’s proper acceleration. Both time-scales differ from the Candelas-Deutsch-Sciama transition rate traditionally computed for Unruh-DeWitt detectors, which we show describes the qubit’s early-time evolution away from the vacuum rather than its late-time approach to equilibrium. For small enough couplings and sufficiently late times the evolution is Markovian and described by a Lindblad equation, which we derive in detail from first principles as a special instance of Open EFT methods designed to handle a breakdown of late-time perturbative predictions due to the presence of secular growth. We show how this growth is resummed in this example to give reliable information about late-time evolution including both qubit/field interactions and field self-interactions. By allowing very explicit treatment, the qubit/field system allows a systematic assessment of the approximations needed when exploring late-time evolution, in a way that lends itself to gravitational applications. It also allows a comparison of these approximations with those — e.g. the ‘rotating-wave’ approximation — widely made in the open-system literature (which is aimed more at atomic transitions and lasers).
Modification of the laws of gravity in the DGP model by the presence of a second DGP brane
Authors: Warkentin Max 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate how the laws of gravity change in the DGP model, if we add a second, parallel 3-brane, endowed with a localized gravitational curvature term. We calculate the gravitational potential energy between two static point sources localized on different branes. We discover a new length scale, which is equal to the geometric mean of the DGP cross-over scale and the separation of the two branes in the extra dimension. For distances, which are larger than this new length scale, we recover the original DGP result, but for smaller distances the gravitational potential is weaker. Furthermore, a region emerges, where a 4-dimensional observer measures a distance independent force. We discuss a possible application of the present scenario for deriving rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies. Using the Kaluza-Klein description, we observe a curious pattern, in which even and odd KK-modes contribute to the attractive and repulsive parts of the gravitational potential, respectively. Finally, since this setup allows for the existence of a sector of particle species that are interacting arbitrarily weakly with “our” sector, we discuss the implications of this phenomenon for black holes and the bound on the number of species. We find that the behavior is qualitatively different from theories with a normalizable zero-mode graviton.