bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surgery versus observation for small angle intermittent exotropia
Authors: Sung Jae Yun , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong-Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn young children with small angle exotropia, making decisions for the individual patient whether to perform surgery or not, and choosing the optimal time for surgical intervention are quite difficult. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of small angle intermittent exotropia of 20 prism diopters (PD) or less after observation versus strabismus surgery. A retrospective study was performed on 164 patients aged 3 to 13 who underwent surgical intervention or observation with or without conservative management for intermittent exotropia of 14 to 20 PD. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. The average follow-up period was 3.9 ± 2.2 years in the observation group and 4.5 ± 2.3 years in the surgery group. At the final examination, the mean angle of deviation at distance was 11.1 ± 8.9 PD in the observation group and 9.0 ± 7.5 PD in the surgery group, which was not significantly different (P = 0.121). Changes in sensory outcome and fusional control were not significantly different between both groups (P = 0.748 and P = 0.968). Subgroup analysis including patients with poor fusional control also showed similar results. By multivariate analysis, the type of surgery, unilateral recess-resect procedure, was the only predictive factor of good motor outcome in the surgery group. In conclusion, long-term surgical outcomes in small angle exotropia did not appear to be more satisfying than observation in terms of motor and sensory outcomes.
Growth of single crystalline films on lattice-mismatched substrates through 3D to 2D mode transition
Authors: Itagaki Naho , Nakamura Yuta , Narishige Ryota , Takeda Keigo , Kamataki Kunihiro , Koga Kazunori , Hori Masaru , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRegarding crystalline film growth on large lattice-mismatched substrates, there are two primary modes by which thin films grow on a crystal surface or interface. They are Volmer-Weber (VW: island formation) mode and Stranski-Krastanov (SK: layer-plus-island) mode. Since both growth modes end up in the formation of three-dimensional (3D) islands, fabrication of single crystalline films on lattice-mismatched substrates has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate another growth mode, where a buffer layer consisting of 3D islands initially forms and a relaxed two-dimensional (2D) layer subsequently grows on the buffer layer. This 3D-2D mode transition has been realized using impurities. We observed the 3D-2D mode transition for the case of ZnO film growth on 18%-lattice-mismatched sapphire substrates. First, nano-sized 3D islands grow with the help of nitrogen impurities. Then, the islands coalesce to form a 2D layer after cessation of the nitrogen supply, whereupon an increase in the surface energy may provide a driving force for the coalescence. Finally, the films grow in 2D mode, forming atomically flat terraces. We believe that our findings will offer new opportunities for high-quality film growth of a wide variety of materials that have no lattice-matched substrates.
Left ventricular global function index by magnetic resonance imaging — a novel marker for differentiating cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huang Shan , Xu Hua-yan , Diao Kai-yue , Shi Ke , He Yong , He Sen , Zhang Yi , Gao Yue , Shen Meng-ting , Guo Ying-kun , Yang Zhi-gang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDifferentiating cardiac amyloidosis (CA) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains a clinical challenge, particularly in those with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and similar hypertrophy. This study aimed to use left ventricular global function index (LVGFI) and myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) to discriminate CA from HCM without using contrast agents on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). In total, we included 68 CA patients, 90 HCM patients, and 35 healthy controls. We found that LVGFI had excellent diagnostic performance in differentiating CA from HCM (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, 95% CI [0.86–0.95]), even in the challenging conditions of similar hypertrophy (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI [0.87–0.97]) and preserved LVEF (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.84–0.96]). LVGFI also had significant correlations with LGE extent, NT-proBNP and troponin T (all p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that LVGFI was an independent predictor of CA (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.23; p = 0.034). In conclusion, LVGFI is a novel and clinically useful parameters with excellent ability in determining myocardial function and differentiating cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Routine, ensemble characterisation of electrophoretic mobility in high and saturated ionic dispersions
Authors: Austin Jake , Fernandes Diogo , Ruszala Matthew J. A. , Hill Natalie , Corbett Jason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the industrialisation of nanoparticle manufacture, the pervasive incursion of nanoparticles into the environment, the need to characterise nano-scale pharmaceuticals and living systems in replicated in vivo conditions, the continuing development of new theories to describe the electro-kinetic behaviour of nano-particles in representative ionic strengths and numerous other applications, there is an urgent requirement to provide simple and effective experimental tools to validate these models and explore new systems. Micro-electrophoresis implemented with a diffusion barrier, which isolates the dispersed phase from the electrode surface, is demonstrated as enabling such measurements for the first time, preventing the catastrophic outgassing, precipitation and sample degradation observed when the dispersed phase is in close proximity to the electrode surface. Using a measurement of a few minute’s duration in a standard laboratory light scattering instrument we reproduce the theoretically predicted phenomena of asymptotic, non-zero electrophoretic mobility with increasing ionic strength, the cationic Hofmeister series dependency, charge inversion and a continuously decreasing variation in mobility with pH as molarity increases. Standard operating procedures are developed and included to encourage further work.
Circular manufacturing of chitinous bio-composites via bioconversion of urban refuse
Authors: Sanandiya Naresh D. , Ottenheim Christoph , Phua Jun Wei , Caligiani Augusta , Dritsas Stylianos , Fernandez Javier G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBioinspired manufacturing, in the sense of replicating the way nature fabricates, may hold great potential for supporting a socioeconomic transformation towards a sustainable society. Use of unmodified ubiquitous biological components suggests for a fundamentally sustainable manufacturing paradigm where materials are produced, transformed into products and degraded in closed regional systems with limited requirements for transport. However, adoption is currently limited by the fact that despite their ubiquitous nature, these biopolymers are predominantly harvested as industrial and agricultural products. In this study, we overcome this limitation by developing a link between bioinspired manufacturing and urban waste bioconversion. This result is paramount for the development of circular economic models, effectively connecting the organic by-products of civilization to locally decentralized, general-purpose manufacturing.
The role of Ca2+/NFAT in Dysfunction and Inflammation of Human Coronary Endothelial Cells induced by Sera from patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Jian , Liu Jingjing , Geng Zhimin , Tao Yijing , Zheng Fenglei , Wang Yujia , Fu Songling , Wang Wei , Xie Chunhong , Zhang Yiying , Gong Fangqi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCa2+/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (Ca2+/NFAT) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). We investigated the poorly understood Ca2+/NFAT regulation of coronary artery endothelial cells and consequent dysfunction in KD pathogenesis. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) stimulated with sera from patients with KD, compared with sera from healthy children, exhibited significant increases in proliferation and angiogenesis, higher levels of NFATc1 and NFATc3 and some inflammatory molecules, and increased nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and NFATc3. HCAECs stimulated with sera from patients with KD treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) showed decreased proliferation, angiogenesis, NFATc1 and inflammatory molecules levels as compared with results for untreated HCAECs. In conclusion, our data reveal that KD sera activate the Ca2+/NFAT in HCAECs, leading to dysfunction and inflammation of endothelial cells. CsA has cytoprotective effects by ameliorating endothelial cell homeostasis via Ca2+/NFAT.
Near infrared readouts offer sensitive and rapid assessments of intestinal permeability and disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease models
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wallace Craig D. , Erickson Jamie E. , Nelson Christine M. , Gaudette Stephanie M. , Pohl Calvin S. , Karsen Samuel D. , Simler Gricelda H. , Peng Ruoqi , Stedman Christopher A. , Laroux F. Stephen , Wurbel Marc A. , Kamath Rajesh V. , McRae Bradford L. , Schwartz Sterman Annette J. , Mitra Soumya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntestinal permeability and neutrophil activity are closely linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. Here we discuss two techniques for assessing permeability and neutrophil activity in mouse IBD models using near infrared (NIR) detection. To address the limitation of visible light readouts—namely high background—IRDye 800CW was used to enable rapid, non-terminal measurements of intestinal permeability. The increased sensitivity of NIR readouts for colon permeability is shown using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and anti-CD40 murine colitis models in response to interleukin-22 immunoglobulin Fc (IL22Fc) fusion protein and anti-p40 monoclonal antibody treatments, respectively. In addition to enhanced permeability, elevated levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) have been reported in inflamed colonic mucosal tissue. Activatable NIR fluorescent probes have been extensively used for disease activity evaluation in oncologic animal models, and we demonstrate their translatability using a NE-activatable reagent to evaluate inflammation in DSS mice. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and tissue imaging allow visualization of spatial NE activity throughout diseased colon as well as changes in disease severity from IL22Fc treatment. Our findings with the 800CW dye and the NE probe highlight the ease of their implementation in preclinical IBD research.
Solvent-controlled self-assembly of tetrapodal [4 + 4] phosphate organic molecular cage
Authors: Feng Gen-Feng , Geng Jiao , Feng Fan-Da , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo flexible subcomponents, namely tris(4-formylphenyl)phosphate and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, are assembled into a tetrapodal [4 + 4] cage depending on the solvent effect. Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that the caivity is surrounded by four phosphate uints. Good selectivity of CO2 adsorption over CH4 is demonstrated by the gas adsorption experiment.
Automatic, wearable-based, in-field eating detection approaches for public health research: a scoping review
Authors: Bell Brooke M. , Alam Ridwan , Alshurafa Nabil , Thomaz Edison , Mondol Abu S. , de la Haye Kayla , Stankovic John A. , Lach John , Spruijt-Metz Donna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDietary intake, eating behaviors, and context are important in chronic disease development, yet our ability to accurately assess these in research settings can be limited by biased traditional self-reporting tools. Objective measurement tools, specifically, wearable sensors, present the opportunity to minimize the major limitations of self-reported eating measures by generating supplementary sensor data that can improve the validity of self-report data in naturalistic settings. This scoping review summarizes the current use of wearable devices/sensors that automatically detect eating-related activity in naturalistic research settings. Five databases were searched in December 2019, and 618 records were retrieved from the literature search. This scoping review included N = 40 studies (from 33 articles) that reported on one or more wearable sensors used to automatically detect eating activity in the field. The majority of studies (N = 26, 65%) used multi-sensor systems (incorporating > 1 wearable sensors), and accelerometers were the most commonly utilized sensor (N = 25, 62.5%). All studies (N = 40, 100.0%) used either self-report or objective ground-truth methods to validate the inferred eating activity detected by the sensor(s). The most frequently reported evaluation metrics were Accuracy (N = 12) and F1-score (N = 10). This scoping review highlights the current state of wearable sensors’ ability to improve upon traditional eating assessment methods by passively detecting eating activity in naturalistic settings, over long periods of time, and with minimal user interaction. A key challenge in this field, wide variation in eating outcome measures and evaluation metrics, demonstrates the need for the development of a standardized form of comparability among sensors/multi-sensor systems and multidisciplinary collaboration.
Ecosystem-wide metagenomic binning enables prediction of ecological niches from genomes
Authors: Alneberg Johannes , Bennke Christin , Beier Sara , Bunse Carina , Quince Christopher , Ininbergs Karolina , Riemann Lasse , Ekman Martin , Jürgens Klaus , Labrenz Matthias , Pinhassi Jarone , Andersson Anders F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe genome encodes the metabolic and functional capabilities of an organism and should be a major determinant of its ecological niche. Yet, it is unknown if the niche can be predicted directly from the genome. Here, we conduct metagenomic binning on 123 water samples spanning major environmental gradients of the Baltic Sea. The resulting 1961 metagenome-assembled genomes represent 352 species-level clusters that correspond to 1/3 of the metagenome sequences of the prokaryotic size-fraction. By using machine-learning, the placement of a genome cluster along various niche gradients (salinity level, depth, size-fraction) could be predicted based solely on its functional genes. The same approach predicted the genomes’ placement in a virtual niche-space that captures the highest variation in distribution patterns. The predictions generally outperformed those inferred from phylogenetic information. Our study demonstrates a strong link between genome and ecological niche and provides a conceptual framework for predictive ecology based on genomic data.
Background timing mismatch calibration technique for TIADC in Nyquist frequency band
Authors: Yin Yongsheng , Wan Zhujuan , Chen Hongmei , Liu Lu , Deng Honghui , Meng Xu , Wu Jingsheng 
Published: March 2020

A background calibration technique for time‐interleaved analogue‐to‐digital converter (TIADC) over Sub‐Nyquist frequency timing mismatch is proposed. When the input signal only satisfies the Nyquist sampling theorem of the overall TIADC rather than sub‐ADC, both directions of estimation based on correlation and compensation based on differentiator may be opposite to the actual value, which results in a failure calibration. In this Letter, the authors propose a calibration direction correction algorithm which can detect and correct the calibration direction and assure an effective calibration in the whole Nyquist frequency of TIADC. Simulation results show that, for a four‐channel 12‐bit 1 GS/s TIADC, with , signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is improved from 30.1 to 73.2 dB.
„Punktionsinfekt“ mit klassischer Symptomatik: Rötung, Schwellung, Schmerzen
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGShuntvenen zeigen nicht selten lokal umschriebene Entzündungszeichen. Meist handelt es sich dabei um eine abakterielle resorptive Entzündung bei parietaler Shuntvenenthrombose und eher selten um einen bakteriellen Punktionsinfekt.
Hämodialyse
Authors: Beige Joachim 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Wahl des Dialyseverfahrens erfolgt auf der Basis eines umfassenden Aufklärungsgesprächs zwischen Arzt und Patienten über die individuellen Merkmale der einzelnen Verfahren und ihrer Eignung für den Patienten. Das medizinisch beste Nierenersatzverfahren ist die Nierentransplantation, die aus verschiedenen Gründen jedoch nicht immer durchgeführt werden kann. Zwischen den beiden apparativen Dialyseverfahren Hämo- (HD) und Peritonealdialyse (PD) gibt es keine größeren, evidenzgesicherten Unterschiede bzgl. Morbidität und Mortalität, sodass hier neben einigen Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien die Patientenpriorität berücksichtigt werden muss. Zu den Patientenmerkmalen und -wünschen gehören die Auswirkung auf die Alltagsgestaltung, Berücksichtigung der Restdiurese und evtl. seltene Ausschlussmerkmale bei der Zugangswahl. Da die PD in den ersten Jahren nach Dialysestart einen evtl. Mortalitätsvorteil bieten könnte, macht es bei voraussichtlich langer Dialyseabhängigkeit deshalb Sinn, eine „Nierenersatzkarriere“ mit der PD zu beginnen und HD-Verfahren erst später zu nutzen.
Nierentransplantation
Authors: Schuster Antonia , Banas Bernhard , Bergler Tobias 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGÜber 60 Jahre nach der ersten langfristig erfolgreichen Nierentransplantation stellt diese heutzutage ein sicheres, etabliertes und effektives Therapiekonzept in der Versorgung terminal dialysepflichtiger Patienten dar. Grundlegende Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Nierentransplantation sind die Entschlüsselung relevanter immunologischer Fragen, die zunehmenden Möglichkeiten einer optimierten, auf den individuellen Patienten und sein immunologisches und nichtimmunologisches Risikoprofil abgestimmten immunsuppressiven Therapie und eine konsequente, qualifizierte Nachsorge. Gleichwohl gefährden der anhaltende und sich aggravierende Mangel an Spenderorganen und die damit einhergehende Zunahme an Wartezeit nicht nur die erreichbaren Erfolge nach Nierentransplantation, sondern in direkter Konsequenz auch das Leben betroffener Patienten.
Comparative Morpho-Anatomical and HPTLC Profiling of Tinospora Species and Dietary Supplements
Authors: Parveen Abidah , Adams John S. , Raman Vijayasankar , Budel Jane M. , Zhao Jianping , Babu Ganesh N.M. , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOverlapping geographical occurrence, history of traditional use, confusion in species identification, and morphological resemblances among various species are some considerations that necessitate the importance of qualitative analysis for efficient quality control and safer botanical products. This paper provides detailed morpho-anatomies of the leaves and stems of Tinospora cordifolia, Tinospora crispa, and Tinospora sinensis, and stems of Tinospora baenzigeri. Microscopy studies of the selected Tinospora species revealed key diagnostic features that can help distinguish the closely related species of Tinospora as well as to detect any adulteration or substitution in the raw materials. HPTLC profiles of the authenticated plant materials, as well as commercial products claiming to contain Tinospora, were compared to distinguish T. crispa from other closely related species and to establish an efficient method to assess the identity and quality of the products using qualified chemical markers. HPTLC chromatograms of both plant samples and dietary supplements were compared with six reference marker compounds. The analysis revealed that borapetoside B and C were useful to identify T. crispa while tinosineside A was found to be characteristic to authenticate the T. sinensis products.
Effectiveness of Thymoquinone and Fluoridated Bioactive Glass/Nano-Oxide Contained Dentifrices on Abrasion and Dentine Tubules Occlusion: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Anthoney Daud , Zahid Shahreen , Khalid Hina , Khurshid Zohaib , Shah Asma Tufail , Chaudhry Aqif Anwar , Khan Abdul Samad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is mainly due to the loss and replenishment of minerals from tooth structure, where the lost minerals can be rehabilitated with a biomimetic approach. The objectives were to determine the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) of experimental (EXT) dentifrices and to determine the efficacy to occlude dentinal tubules.
Materials and Methods Experimental dentifrices contained nano-fluoridated bioactive glass (n-FBG: 1.5 wt.% [EXT-A], 2.5 wt.% [EXT-B], and 3.5 wt.% [EXT-C]), nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO), and thymoquinone as active agents. Bovine dentin blocks were subjected to brushing treatments as per groups, that is, distilled water; commercial dentifrice (control, CT); EXT toothpastes; and EXT-D without active agents. Samples were tested for three-dimensional (3D) abrasion analysis according to ISO-11609:2010 (International Organization for Standardization [ISO]). The roughness average (Ra), RDA, surface topography, and elemental compositions were investigated.
Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey’s and Tamhane’s test was performed for characterizations using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result was considered significant with p-value ≤ 0.05.
Results Comparisons of Ra differed significantly between all groups with p < 0.05 except CT and EXT-A. The RDA values of EXT-A, EXT-B, and EXT-C were calculated as 74.04, 84.26, and 116.24, respectively, which were well within the acceptable limit set by international standards. All n-FBG containing dentifrices demonstrated uniform occlusion of dentinal tubules; however, highly concentrated EXT dentifrices showed more occlusion.
Conclusions Acceptable range of RDA and superior occlusion of tubules by novel dentifrices suggest that it may be recommended for treating DH.