bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition and parasitism of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) populations in the northern Catalan Sea in the context of changing environmental conditions
Authors: Biton-Porsmoguer Sebastian , Bou Ricard , Lloret Elsa , Alcaide Manuel , Lloret Josep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The status of sardine and anchovy populations in the northern Mediterranean Sea has been declining in recent decades. In this study, fatty acids and parasitism at different reproductive and feeding stages in these two species were assessed using specimens caught along the northern Catalan coast, in order to assess the links between lipid dynamics, reproduction and feeding in these two species and to contribute towards an explanation of the potential causes of the current poor situation of the stocks. The results support the use of fatty acid levels as indicators of the body condition of sardine and anchovy at different reproductive and feeding stages, as well as that of the pelagic environmental conditions. In particular, the relatively low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels found in spawning sardines compared to spawning anchovies indicate a poorer reproductive health status of sardine. By comparing the current total lipid content values with those recorded in other Mediterranean and North Atlantic areas, and others from more than 10 years ago, in the adjacent area of the Gulf of Lion, our study reveals the persistent poor condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea. Furthermore, the low levels of diatom fatty acid markers observed throughout the spawning and non-spawning seasons in both sardine and anchovy indicate a diet poor in diatoms. Moreover, the results indicate that it is very unlikely that parasitism is a significant factor in the decline in condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea. In fact, the results, which we believe provide useful insights for the management of small pelagic fisheries in the Mediterranean, suggest that the current poor condition of sardine and anchovy in the northern Catalan Sea has probably been exacerbated by a decrease in plankton productivity and/or a shift in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton communities, adding to the ongoing effects of overfishing.
No Stratified Effect of Unemployment on Incomes: How the Market, State, and Household Compensate for Income Loss in the United Kingdom and Switzerland
Authors: Nallo Alessandro Di , Oesch Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnemployment is a critical life event that may affect the income trajectories of displaced workers very unequally. It may lead to cumulative disadvantage and hit vulnerable groups hardest. Alternatively, it may level the playing field because higher classes have more to lose. We analyse heterogeneous effects of unemployment on income for the United Kingdom and Switzerland, using two household panels—Understanding Society 2009–2017 and the Swiss Household Panel 1999–2017—and distinguishing two sources of income: from the labour market and welfare state, at the level of individuals and households. We use a difference-in-differences design by matching unemployed to employed workers and estimating fixed-effects regressions. Results show that individual labour income drops in the 2 years after an unemployment spell by 20 and 25 per cent in Switzerland and by 25 and 55 per cent in the United Kingdom. Welfare state transfers reduce these losses by half in Switzerland, but have only a marginal impact in the United Kingdom. In both countries, income losses do not differ much across social classes. If anything, they are smaller in the working class. We thus find no evidence for cumulative disadvantage. The middle classes face a lower risk of becoming unemployed, but are not less vulnerable to its consequences.
Complex patients’ effect on family physicians: high cognitive load and negative emotional impact
Authors: Roskos Steven E , Fitzpatrick Laurie , Arnetz Bengt , Arnetz Judy , Shrotriya Shiva , Hengstebeck Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
Complex patients present an increasing challenge to the health care system and family physicians play an important role in their care. As part of a larger project exploring family physicians’ perceptions of complex patients, we sought to understand how complex patients affect family physicians and if these effects might be related to physician burnout.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study involving interviews with family physicians from various practice settings. We invited the physicians to choose three of their patients between the ages of 18 and 64 whom they considered to have complex medical problems and to have access to their medical records during a telephone interview using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed and coded. Using qualitative analytical software, research team members worked together to analyse the interview data and determine emerging themes.

Results
Eleven family physicians participated in the interviews and described 29 unique complex patients, including challenges and effects on them personally. Analysis of the available 10 family physicians’ interviews revealed two themes related to complexity’s impact on physicians: (i) high cognitive load and (ii) negative emotional impact.

Conclusion
Although preliminary, this study offers a previously unconsidered understanding of drivers of physician burnout, including high cognitive load and negative emotional impact on family physicians created by caring for complex patients. Interventions to improve health care, including addressing physician wellness and burnout, should include the provision of resources to assist them with decreasing cognitive load and negative emotional impact when caring for complex patients.
Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, a historical perspective on its discovery, characterization and metal resistance
Authors: Mergeay Max , Van Houdt Rob 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Cupriavidus metallidurans, and in particular type strain CH34, became a model bacterium to study bacterial resistance to metals. Although nowadays the routine use of a wide variety of omics and molecular techniques allow refining, deepening and expanding our knowledge on adaptation and resistance to metals, these were not available at the onset of C. metallidurans research starting from its isolation in 1976. This minireview describes the early research and legacy tools used to study its metal resistance determinants, characteristic megaplasmids, ecological niches and environmental applications.
Exploring access to, use of and benefits from population-oriented digital health services in Australia
Authors: Foley Kristen , Freeman Toby , Ward Paul , Lawler Anthony , Osborne Richard , Fisher Matt 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The provision of population-oriented, on-demand digital health services in many countries exemplifies the perceived utility of digital health services in supporting population health. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the equity of these services. Using mixed-method research, we recruited users of a health website and general practice patients to surveys (n = 441) and telephone interviews (n = 40). We contribute specific evidence investigating barriers to access, use and benefit from digital health services within an equity framework that incorporates social determinant factors, eHealth Literacy and trust. Our research highlights the foundational role of trust in predicting use, showcases which groups are unlikely to benefit from population-oriented digital health services, and proposes strategies to enhance the equity of these services. The theoretical framework we developed serves as a roadmap for future health promotion research and action by outlining the complex and interrelated pathways that can promote and threaten digital health equity.
Redesigning walking brochures using behaviour change theory: implications for walking intentions in natural environments
Authors: Elliott Lewis R , White Mathew P , Fleming Lora E , Abraham Charles , Taylor Adrian H 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Natural environments can be used to promote health through facilitating recreational walking. However, efforts to encourage this often neglect messages identified in psychological research that are effective at influencing intentions to walk. This is despite the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence stating that promotional efforts should utilize theoretical frameworks of behaviour change and be targeted towards less active adults. As an illustrative example, this experiment compared a prototypical recreational walking brochure with an “enhanced” version including such persuasive messages on people’s intentions to walk for recreation in natural environments. The enhanced brochure heightened intentions for inexperienced recreational walkers through our hypothesized mechanisms, but appeared to dissuade already-experienced walkers. Optimal messaging strategies in recreational walking brochures require tailoring to more and less active readerships. Guidelines are provided for authors of recreational walking brochures, though the principles and techniques could easily be extended to other means of outdoor walking promotion.
The relationship between general health behaviors and general health literacy levels in the Turkish population
Authors: Aygun Ozcan , Cerim Selda 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The purpose of our study was to determine the health literacy level of the study participants and examine the relationship between health literacy levels and sociodemographic characteristics, health self-assessment levels and health protective behaviors. We recruited 826 individuals into the study, selecting the participants by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected with a descriptive information form, the European Health Literacy Scale and a General Health Behaviors Scale. The analysis of the data was carried out using numbers and percentages, the Chi Square test and ordinal regression analysis. We found that the level of health literacy was inadequate in 25.9% of the study participants, problematic/limited in 41.4% had, adequate in 23.6% and excellent in 9.1%. A statistically significant correlation was found between an adequate level of health literacy and being relatively more educated, having a chronic disease, being able to follow up on health news, reading publications on health and being better able to evaluate one’s own health (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was observed between adequate health literacy levels and being in the later stages of the transtheoretical model in terms of general health behaviors in the domains outside of monitoring one’s own weight and avoiding the sun (p &lt; 0.05). The level of adequate health literacy was discovered to be lower in our study than in Europe. Health protective behaviors show an increase among individuals who display an adequate level of health literacy.
Grand challenge for habitat science: stage-structured responses, nonlocal drivers, and mechanistic associations among habitat variables affecting fishery productivity
Authors: Thorson James T , Hermann Albert J , Siwicke Kevin , Zimmermann Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatial management has been adopted worldwide to mitigate habitat impacts while achieving fisheries management objectives. However, there is little theory or practice for predicting the impact of spatial regulations on future fishery production; this would provide scientific basis for greater flexibility in fisheries management when balancing fishery and conservation goals. We propose that predicting changes in fishery production resulting from human activities within specific habitats is a “Grand Challenge” for habitat science in the coming decade(s). We then outline three difficulties in resolving this Grand Habitat Challenge, including: (i) stage-structured responses to habitat impacts, (ii) nonlocal responses, and (iii) mechanistic associations among habitat variables. We next discuss analytical approaches to address each difficulty, respectively: (i) ongoing developments for spatial demographic models; (ii) individual movement models and rank-reduction approaches to identify regional variability; (iii) causal analysis involving structural equation models. We demonstrate nonlocal effects in detail using a diffusion-taxis movement model applied to sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the Gulf of Alaska and discuss all three approaches for deep-sea corals. Despite isolated progress to resolve individual difficulties, we argue that resolving this Grand Habitat Challenge will require a coordinated commitment from science agencies worldwide.
Spectral Quasi Correlations and Phase Transitions for the Nodal Length of Arithmetic Random Waves
Authors: Sartori Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the nodal length of arithmetic random waves at small scales: we show that there exists a phasetransition for the distribution of the nodal length at a logarithmic power above Planck scale. Furthermore, we give strong evidence for the existence of an intermediate phase between arithmetic and Berry’s random waves. These results are based on the study of small sums of lattice points lying on the same circle, called spectral quasi correlations. We show that, for generic integers representable as the sum of two squares, there are no spectral quasi correlations.
Risk Factors for Ebola Exposure in Health Care Workers in Boende, Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Doshi Reena H , Hoff Nicole A , Bratcher Anna , Mukadi Patrick , Gadoth Adva , Nicholson Bradly P , Williams Russell , Mukadi Daniel , Mossoko Matthias , Wasiswa Joseph , Mwanza Alexis , Sinai Cyrus , Alfonso Vivian H , Shah Rupal , Bramble Matthew S , Ilunga-Kebela Benoit , Okitolonda-Wemakoy Emile , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean Jacques , Rimoin Anne W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Health care workers (HCW) are more likely to be exposed to Ebola virus (EBOV) during an outbreak compared to people in the general population due to close physical contact with patients and potential exposure to infectious fluids. However, not all will fall ill. Despite evidence of subclinical and paucisymptomatic Ebola virus disease (EVD), prevalence and associated risk factors remain unknown.

Methods
We conducted a serosurvey among HCW in Boende, Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Human anti-EBOV glycoprotein IgG titers were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. We assessed associations between anti-EBOV IgG seroreactivity, defined as ≥2.5 units/mL, and risk factors using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses explored a more conservative cutoff, &gt;5 units/mL.

Results
Overall, 22.5% of HCWs were seroreactive for EBOV. In multivariable analyses, using any form of personal protective equipment when interacting with a confirmed, probable, or suspect EVD case was negatively associated with seroreactivity (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, .07–.73).

Discussion
Our results suggest high exposure to EBOV among HCWs and provide additional evidence for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic EVD. Further studies should be conducted to determine the probability of onward transmission and if seroreactivity is associated with immunity.
High percentage of the ceftriaxone-resistantNeisseria gonorrhoeaeFC428 clone among isolates from a single hospital in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yan Jing , Chen Yan , Yang Fan , Ling Xia , Jiang Shengnan , Zhao Feng , Yu Yunsong , van der Veen Stijn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCeftriaxone is currently the last-remaining empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of gonorrhoea. However, the high-level ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal FC428 clone has shown transmission in China in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse ceftriaxone resistance among a collection of recent clinical isolates, with a specific focus on prevalence of the FC428 clone.MethodsA total of 70 consecutive gonococcal isolates were collected between May and October 2019 from a single hospital in Hangzhou, China, and analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility by the agar dilution method. STs were determined by PCR and sequences and isolates related to the FC428 clone were further characterized by WGS and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsCeftriaxone resistance (MIC &gt;0.125 mg/L) was observed in 21 (30%) isolates, while 14 (20%) isolates displayed a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 mg/L. Importantly, seven (10%) isolates were related to the gonococcal FC428 clone based on the presence of mosaic penA allele 60.001, displaying identical or closely related STs, and phylogenetic analysis after WGS. These seven isolates displayed high-level ceftriaxone resistance (MIC = 1 mg/L) and all associated gonorrhoea cases resulted in treatment failure because oral cephalosporins were initially prescribed. Subsequent re-treatment with a higher dose (2 g) of IV ceftriaxone appeared to be successful because all patients returning for test-of-cure became culture-negative.ConclusionsHere, we report a high percentage of the internationally spreading gonococcal FC428 clone among clinical isolates from a single hospital in Hangzhou, China. A high dose of ceftriaxone is currently the only recommended and effective therapy.
Numerical simulation of flattened heat pipe with double heat sources for CPU and GPU cooling application in laptop computers
Authors: Sanhan Wisoot , Vafai Kambiz , Kammuang-Lue Niti , Terdtoon Pradit , Sakulchangsatjatai Phrut 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An investigation of the effect of the thermal performance of the flattened heat pipe on its double heat sources acting as central processing unit and graphics processing unit in laptop computers is presented in this work. A finite element method is used for predicting the flattening effect of the heat pipe. The cylindrical heat pipe with a diameter of 6 mm and the total length of 200 mm is flattened into three final thicknesses of 2, 3, and 4 mm. The heat pipe is placed under a horizontal configuration and heated with heater 1 and heater 2, 40 W in combination. The numerical model shows good agreement compared with the experimental data with the standard deviation of 1.85%. The results also show that flattening the cylindrical heat pipe to 66.7 and 41.7% of its original diameter could reduce its normalized thermal resistance by 5.2%. The optimized final thickness or the best design final thickness for the heat pipe is found to be 2.5 mm.
Decreased dengue transmission in migrant worker populations in Singapore attributable to SARS-CoV-2 quarantine measures
Authors: Lim Jue Tao , Dickens Borame Lee , Ong Janet , Aik Joel , Lee Vernon J , Cook Alex R , Ng Lee Ching 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
We examined the impact of SARS-CoV-2 social distancing and quarantine policies on dengue transmission in the general and migrant worker populations in Singapore.

Methods
We utilized all nationally reported dengue cases in the general and migrant worker populations from 1 January 2013 to 31 May 2020. A difference-in-difference identification strategy was used to determine the effects of social distancing and quarantine policies on reported dengue case counts over time, whilst controlling for weather patterns, seasonality, age and population size.

Results
A reduction of 4.8 dengue cases per age band among migrant workers was attributable to quarantine policies, corresponding to a total reduction of around 432 reported dengue cases over 10 weeks. In the general working population, an increase of 14.5 dengue cases per age band was observed, which corresponds to a total increase of around 1450 reported dengue cases in the same time period. There is an expected relative risk reduction in dengue transmission for the migrant worker population at 0.635 due to quarantine policy and a relative risk increase for the general working population due to social distancing policies at 0.685.

Conclusions
Migrant workers experienced a reduced risk of dengue when they were confined to their dormitories as part of the COVID-19 social distancing measures. Our study highlights the vulnerability of migrant workers under normal working conditions.
MAPK11 regulates seed germination and ABA signaling in tomato by phosphorylating SnRKs
Authors: Song Jianwen , Shang Lele , Wang Xin , Xing Yali , Xu Wei , Zhang Yuyang , Wang Taotao , Li Hanxia , Zhang Junhong , Ye Zhibiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeed germination is a critical stage in the plant life cycle and it plays an important role in the efficiency of agricultural production. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate seed germination remains limited. In this study, we identified a novel gene, MAPK11, that encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase 11; its expression was significantly higher in seeds of tomato varieties with a low optimum germination temperature than in those with a high optimum germination temperature. In tests at 25 °C, overexpression of MAPK11 in an accession with optimum germination at 25 °C resulted in a decrease in germination, whereas RNAi of MAPK11 in an accession with optimum germination at 15 °C resulted in increased germination. Furthermore, we found that lines overexpressing MAPK11 exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA during germination. These observations were at least partially explained by the fact that MAPK11 up-regulated both NCED1 expression and ABA biosynthesis, and that it also affected ABA signaling and negatively regulated germination by influencing the phosphorylation of SnRK2.2 in vivo. In addition, we found that MAPK11 interacts with and phosphorylates SnRK1 in vivo, thereby potentially inhibiting its activation. SnRK1 interacted with ABI5 and suppressed the transcription of ABI5, thereby affecting ABA signaling and the regulation of germination. Our results demonstrate that ABA signaling in tomato is affected by a mechanism that depends on MAPK11 phosphorylating SnRKs, and this ultimately influences seed germination.
WUSCHEL in the shoot apical meristem: old player, new tricks
Authors: Lopes Filipa Lara , Galvan-Ampudia Carlos , Landrein Benoit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of the stem cell niche in the shoot apical meristem, the structure that generates all of the aerial organs of the plant, relies on a canonical feedback loop between WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3). WUS is a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the organizing centre that moves to the central zone to promote stem cell fate. CLV3 is a peptide whose expression is induced by WUS in the central zone and that can move back to the organizing centre to inhibit WUS expression. Within the past 20 years since the initial formulation of the CLV–WUS feedback loop, the mechanisms of stem cell maintenance have been intensively studied and the function of WUS has been redefined. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of WUS function, of its interaction with other transcription factors and hormonal signals, and of its connection to environmental signals. Through this, we will show how WUS can integrate both internal and external cues to adapt meristem function to the plant environment.