bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic potential of multimodal neuroimaging measures in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism
Authors: Park Chang‐hyun , Lee Phil Hyu , Lee Seung‐Koo , Chung Seok Jong , Shin Na‐Young 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionFor the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP) using neuroimaging, structural measures have been largely employed since structural abnormalities are most noticeable in the diseases. Functional abnormalities have been known as well, though less clearly seen, and thus, the addition of functional measures to structural measures is expected to be more informative for the diagnosis. Here, we aimed to assess whether multimodal neuroimaging measures of structural and functional alterations could have potential for enhancing performance in diverse diagnostic classification problems.MethodsFor 77 patients with PD, 86 patients with AP comprising multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy, and 53 healthy controls (HC), structural and functional MRI data were collected. Gray matter (GM) volume was acquired as a structural measure, and GM regional homogeneity and degree centrality were acquired as functional measures. The measures were used as predictors individually or in combination in support vector machine classifiers for different problems of distinguishing between HC and each diagnostic type and between different diagnostic types.ResultsIn statistical comparisons of the measures, structural alterations were extensively seen in all diagnostic types, whereas functional alterations were limited to specific diagnostic types. The addition of functional measures to the structural measure generally yielded statistically significant improvements to classification accuracy, compared to the use of the structural measure alone.ConclusionWe suggest the fusion of multimodal neuroimaging measures as an effective strategy that could generally cope with diverse prediction problems of clinical concerns.
The mortality of lung cancer attributable to smoking among adults in China and the United States during 1990–2017
Authors: Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Yong , Wang Minsheng , Mubarik Sumaira , Wang Fang , Wang Yafeng , Meng Runtang , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStatistical data on the burden and relevant risk factors of lung cancer are valuable for policy‐making. This study aimed to compare the mortality of lung cancer attributable to smoking stratified by sex and age among adults in China and the United States (US).MethodsWe extracted age‐standardized mortality rates of lung cancer during 1990‐2017 using the comparative risk assessment framework of the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We performed an age‐period‐cohort analysis to estimate time trend of lung cancer mortality attributable to smoking.ResultsDuring 1990‐2017, the age‐standardized mortality rate of lung cancer was increasing in China but decreasing in the US for both sexes. The mortality attributable to smoking in China showed a generally increasing trend, while a continuous decrease was observed in the US. The age‐period‐cohort analysis showed a similar trend of age effect among adults between China and the US: the mortality substantially increased from the 30‐34 to 80‐84 age group and subsequently decreased in the 90‐94 age group. However, the period effect rapidly increased in Chinese adults during 1990‐2017, while it tended to be stable in the US although it was still slightly increasing in women. The cohort effect generally peaked in the earlier cohort born in 1902‐1906 in the two countries.ConclusionsDuring 1990‐2017, the lung cancer mortality attributable to smoking and the period effect are generally increasing in Chinese adults; the mortality attributable to smoking is decreasing in the US adults, but the period effect tends to be stable. The rapid aging and prevalence of smoking may intensify the increasing mortality of lung cancer in China.
Functional and nutritional characterization of in vitro enzymatic hydrolyzed millets proteins
Authors: Agrawal Himani , Joshi Robin , Gupta Mahesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesMillets protein has been reported to possess potential bioactive peptides. In current study, effects of in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical and functional properties of pearl millet (PM), finger millet (FM), and green sorghum millet (GSM) protein were assessed.FindingsMillets protein isolates were in vitro enzymatically hydrolyzed using pepsin and pancreatin. Essential amino acids such as leucine and threonine content were increased and found to be higher in PM protein hydrolysate (PMPH) (128.04 and 33.19 mg/g, respectively). GSM protein hydrolysate possessed significantly higher surface hydrophobicity (708.11), disulfide bond content (23.11 μM/g), and water absorption capacity (90.5 ml/g). Oil absorption capacity was decreased after hydrolysis. PMPH exhibited better gelation property (7%). FM protein hydrolysate possessed highest emulsification ability (93.49 m2/g). All hydrolysates showed significantly higher solubility at pH 2–10. Principal component analysis bi‐plot also revealed the variability in different physicochemical and functional properties due to enzymatic hydrolysis.ConclusionsThese results proposed that millet protein hydrolysates possess better physicochemical and functional properties compared to conventional protein isolates and may be used as a functional and nutraceutical ingredient.Significance and noveltyMillets protein hydrolysates were successfully prepared by in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis with improved physicochemical and functional properties.
Development and validation of a novel process model for fluidized bed combustion: Application for efficient combustion of low‐grade coal
Authors: Saparov Ablay , Kulmukanova Lyazzat , Mostafavi Ehsan , Sarbassov Yerbol , Inglezakis Vassilis , Anthony Edward J. , Shah Dhawal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous models have been developed in Aspen Plus for the combustion of different coal types in fluidized bed reactors. However, these models are case‐specific, particularly with respect to coal type and bed reactor type, implying limitations to general application of these models. Moreover, these processes were generally developed step‐wisely by employing a series of model blocks to simulate fluidized bed reactors in Aspen Plus. In this study, a novel hybrid approach for modelling coal combustion has been implemented to comprehensively design a model for conversion of low‐grade coal under various operating conditions. The proposed model combines sequential modelling of drying/pyrolysis (devolatilization) and combustion of coal by means of conventionally used units (RYIELD and RGIBBS), and a newly used unit (FLUIDBED) in Aspen Plus. The model validation was performed by experiments on the combustion of low‐grade coal in a pilot‐scale circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFBR). Experimental data were used to further calibrate the Aspen Plus model and decrease model uncertainties. The results obtained from the developed simulation model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Discrepancies of less than 15% were observed, in most of the predictions of molar fractions for the resultant flue gas composition, including NOx and SOx, emissions which were at ppm levels. As a result, the model can easily be used for design, scale‐up, and simulation of coal combustion as well as for other feedstock like biomass in fluidized bed with process optimization based on sensitivity analysis.
A Series of Ferulic Acid Amides Reveals Unexpected Peroxiredoxin 1 Inhibitory Activity with in vivo Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects
Authors: Yasmin Sabina , Cerchia Carmen , Badavath Vishnu Nayak , Laghezza Antonio , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Mondal Susanta K. , Atlı Özlem , Baysal Merve , Vadivelan Sankaran , Shankar S. , Siddique Mohd Usman Mohd , Pattnaik Ashok Kumar , Singh Ravi Pratap , Loiodice Fulvio , Jayaprakash Venkatesan , Lavecchia Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsulin resistance is a major pathophysiological feature in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Ferulic acid is known for attenuating the insulin resistance and reducing the blood glucose in T2DM rats. In this work, we designed and synthesized a library of new ferulic acid amides (FAA), which could be considered as ring opening derivatives of the antidiabetic PPARγ agonists Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). However, since these compounds displayed weak PPAR transactivation capacity, we employed a proteomics approach to unravel their molecular target(s) and identified the peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) as a direct binding target of FAAs. Interestingly, PRDX1, a protein with antioxidant and chaperone activity, has been implied in the development of T2DM by inducing hepatic insulin resistance. SPR, mass spectrometry‐based studies, docking experiments and in vitro inhibition assay confirmed that compounds VIe and VIf bound PRDX1 and induced a dose‐dependent inhibition. Furthermore, VIe and VIf significantly improved hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide (STZ‐NA)‐induced diabetic rats as confirmed by histopathological examinations. These results provide guidance for developing the current FAAs as new potential antidiabetic agents.
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Experience of an academic institution in a tertiary academic medical center
Authors: Castrodad‐Rodríguez Carlos A. , Lajara Sigfred , Khader Samer N. , Colanta Agnes B. , Guerrero Dominick R. , El Hussein Siba , Hakima Laleh 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) represents a standardized reporting system for salivary gland lesions. The recent literature has demonstrated a wide range of data regarding range of malignancy (ROM) and interobserver variability. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the reproducibility and interobserver agreement of MSRSGC, and establish the ROM in a unique patient population residing within a designated Health Professional Shortage Area.MethodsA total of 380 salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration cases were obtained over a 3‐year period. Corresponding cytology reports and slides were reviewed in a blinded fashion by a panel of cytopathologists and recategorized using MSRSGC. ROM was calculated by cytohistologic correlation in 176 cases. Agreement between review of reports and slides and interobserver reliability were determined using kappa statistics.ResultsThe ROMs per MSRSGC category based on review of reports and slides were as follows: 4% and 0%, respectively, for nonneoplastic; 22% and 0%, respectively, for nondiagnostic; 42.9% and 48%, respectively, for atypia of undetermined significance; 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively, for benign‐neoplastic; 17.9% and 15.6%, respectively, for salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential; 81.8% and 71.4%, respectively, for suspicious for malignancy; and 100% and 90.5%, respectively, for malignant. There was a 59.2% overall agreement between review of reports and slides with regard to recategorizing salivary gland lesions (kappa, 0.51). The interobserver reliability demonstrated a 64.6% agreement (weighted kappa, 0.59).ConclusionsThe ROMs at the study institution appeared comparable to those in the published literature. There was moderate overall agreement among cytopathologists and low interobserver agreement with regard to the indeterminate categories. Image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration specimens; rapid onsite adequacy; and integration of clinical, imaging, and ancillary studies can improve diagnostic accuracy among indeterminate lesions.
Electroencephalography source localization analysis in epileptic children during a visual working‐memory task
Authors: Galaris Evangelos , Gallos Ioannis , Myatchin Ivan , Lagae Lieven , Siettos Constantinos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe localize the sources of brain activity of children with epilepsy based on electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings acquired during a visual discrimination working memory task. For the numerical solution of the inverse problem, with the aid of age‐specific MRI scans processed from a publicly available database, we use and compare three regularization numerical methods, namely the standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), the weighted minimum norm estimation (wMNE) and the dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM). We show that all three methods provide the same spatio‐temporal patterns of differences between the groups of epileptic and control children. In particular, our analysis reveals statistically significant differences between the two groups in regions of the parietal cortex indicating that these may serve as “biomarkers” for diagnostic purposes and ultimately localized treatment.
The Importance of Conferences and Networking in PhD and Postdoctoral Training
Authors: Subramanian Shoba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConferences play an important role in enabling trainees to develop and apply competencies in science, in communication, and in networking during biomedical PhD and postdoctoral training. This article offers guidelines for trainees on how to use conferences to initiate, sustain, and strengthen connections, including in virtual conference formats which could become the norm in the future. Additionally, it provides tips for expanding professional networks via broad mechanisms such as informational interviews. Recommendations in this manuscript are applicable to trainees pursuing diverse career paths in different STEM fields including education, scientific research, policy, advocacy, consulting, and communication. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Thermal analysis, design, and implementation of an L‐band high‐power stepped impedance low‐pass filter
Authors: Pourgholamhossein Zohre , Askari Gholamreza , Talaei Fattah , Mirmohammad Sadeghi Hamid 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper presents high power, thermal analyses, and implementation of a stepped impedance high‐power low‐pass filter (LPF). A comprehensive model and analysis have been developed for the design and simulation of the LPF. In this analysis, power handling capacity and breakdown‐voltage are discussed, and the effects of critical points are considered. The attenuation due to conductor and dielectric losses is also studied. The novelty of our approach lies in employing theoretical analysis to estimate the power‐dissipation of the filter based on the proposed equivalent circuit. An accurate method is also introduced to calculate attenuation in the filter's elements. Thermal analysis to obtain accurate temperature profiles is done for the first time based on the electro‐thermal simulation. Consequently, an effective cooling method is used to spread heat across the entire filter. Finally, the filter was implemented and tested to operate at L‐band with handling 8 kW peak and 800 W average power. The insertion‐loss is less than 0.27 dB, the stop‐band attenuation is more than 60 dB, and the return‐loss is better than 15.7 dB. The filter is capable of tolerating produced heat without any destructive effects at a maximum temperature of about 200°C above ambient. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the LPF is suitable for high‐power microwave applications.
Immune contexture analysis in immuno‐oncology: applications and challenges of multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry
Authors: Shakya Reshma , Nguyen Tam Hong , Waterhouse Nigel , Khanna Rajiv 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is an integral player in cancer initiation, tumor progression, response and resistance to anti‐cancer therapy. Understanding the complex interactions of tumor immune architecture (referred to as ‘immune contexture’) has therefore become increasingly desirable to guide our approach to patient selection, clinical trial design, combination therapies, and patient management. Quantitative image analysis based on multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry and deep learning technologies are rapidly developing to enable researchers to interrogate complex information from the tumor microenvironment and find predictive insights into treatment response. Herein, we discuss current developments in multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry for immune contexture analysis, and their application in immuno‐oncology, and discuss challenges to effectively use this technology in clinical settings. We also present a multiplexed image analysis workflow to analyse fluorescence multiplexed stained tumor sections using the Vectra Automated Digital Pathology System together with FCS express flow cytometry software. The benefit of this strategy is that the spectral unmixing accurately generates and analyses complex arrays of multiple biomarkers, which can be helpful for diagnosis, risk stratification, and guiding clinical management of oncology patients.
Reconstructed monthly river flows for Irish catchments 1766–2016
Authors: O’Connor Paul , Murphy Conor , Matthews Tom , Wilby Robert L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 250‐year (1766–2016) archive of reconstructed river flows is presented for 51 catchments across Ireland. By leveraging meteorological data rescue efforts with gridded precipitation and temperature reconstructions, we develop monthly river flow reconstructions using the GR2M hydrological model and an Artificial Neural Network. Uncertainties in reconstructed flows associated with hydrological model structure and parameters are quantified. Reconstructions are evaluated by comparison with those derived from quality assured long‐term precipitation series for the period 1850–2000. Assessment of the reconstruction performance across all 51 catchments using metrics of MAE (9.3 mm/month; 13.3%), RMSE (12.6 mm/month; 18.0%) and mean bias (−1.16 mm/month; −1.7%), indicates good skill. Notable years with highest/lowest annual mean flows across all catchments were 1877/1855. Winter 2015/16 had the highest seasonal mean flows and summer 1826 the lowest, whereas autumn 1933 had notable low flows across most catchments. The reconstructed database will enable assessment of catchment specific responses to varying climatic conditions and extremes on annual, seasonal and monthly timescales.
Stillbirths and neonatal deaths among 18 942 women with postpartum hemorrhage: Analysis of perinatal outcomes in the WOMAN trial
Authors: Hough Amy , Shakur‐Still Haleema , Roberts Ian , Koukounari Artemis , Lawn Joy E. ,   the WOMAN Trial Collaborators
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the rates and risk factors for stillbirth and pre‐discharge neonatal mortality (PDNM), and impact on quality of life (QoL) among women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted of the WOMAN trial, which evaluated the use of tranexamic acid for PPH and collected infant outcome data to assess drug safety. The analysis was restricted to singletons (n=18 942). Overall and country‐level rates of stillbirth and PDNM were calculated. Multilevel logistic regression models examined the association of stillbirth and PDNM with selected risks, and the association of mother’s QoL at discharge after stillbirth or PDNM.ResultsFor women with PPH, the rate of stillbirths was 104.42 per 1000 births (n=1978) and the rate of PDNM was 15.56 per 1000 live births (n=264). Cesarean delivery, increasing blood loss, maternal complications, and maternal death were strongly associated with these adverse outcomes. Women with stillbirth and PDNM were significantly more likely to report poorer QoL.ConclusionWomen with PPH experience an extremely high rate of stillbirth and slightly elevated PDNM, which is associated with markers of the severity of their condition and impacts on their QoL.
System Security Engineering and Feature‐based Product Line Engineering: A Productive Marriage
Authors: Young Bobbi , Darbin Rowland , Clements Paul 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTProduct Line Engineering (PLE) is a systems engineering discipline to engineer a product portfolio using variation management techniques to take advantage of the products’ similarities while managing their differences. It has well known cost, quality, and time to delivery improvements compared to single‐system development. Systems Security Engineering (SSE) is a discipline for engineering systems proactively and reactively mitigating vulnerabilities. Do these two engineering disciplines conflict with each other? Or are they compatible, even complementary? This article will discuss the relationship between PLE and SSE and how they work together. Specific topics include managing a product line factory of products in a secure way and implementing cyber resilient frameworks within a product line addressing cyber resiliency commonality and variability in product design, implementation, and migration over time.
Towards a Model‐Based approach to Systems and Cybersecurity: Co‐engineering in a Product Line context
Authors: Navas Juan , Voirin Jean‐Luc , Paul Stephane , Bonnet Stephane 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAs cybersecurity threats multiply and global public opinion becomes aware of cybersecurity attack's potential consequences, customers become more demanding regarding cybersecurity concerns in the products they acquire. Consequently, product providers should consider such concerns early in their solution's development life cycle. This paper presents how a model‐based approach can contribute to an effective co‐engineering effort between cybersecurity and product engineering during product architecture definition.
Integrating Security into Enterprise Architecture with UAF and PLE
Authors: Hause Matthew 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAt the systems of systems and enterprise levels, systems engineers and architects must plan for system security from system concept inception ensuring security embeds into every process, procedure, system, and component as well as the enterprise's mindset. While the various United States Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) views contain security attributes, there is no integrated view set defining system security goals, threats, risks, mitigating elements, and demonstrating how these integrate and implement into the operational, system, standards, and services views. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) implements DoDAF using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as well as the British Ministry of Defence Architecture Framework (MODAF) and NATO Architecture Framework. In addition, UAF has integrated a security view set facilitating engineers defining security goals and requirements and demonstrating how these implement throughout the architecture. By using these integrated security views, engineers can design system protection as well as system protection options and variants.