bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Coupling of Valley Excitons and Light through Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions
Authors: Chen Peigang , Lo Tsz Wing , Fan Yulong , Wang Shubo , Huang Haitao , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpintronics employs the spin of electrons to encode information. Akin to spintronics, valleytronics exploits the valley as pseudospin‐carrying controllable binary information. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have asymmetric +K and −K valleys. The valley pseudospins of these materials can be manipulated by selective pumping, giving rise to valley‐dependent circularly polarized photoluminescence. The photonic spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) in nanophotonic systems allow the transformation or coupling of optical spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum of light. Hybridizing 2D TMDC electronic systems with nanophotonic systems can open up an avenue for merging TMDC valley polarization and photonic SOIs to uncover new mechanisms of on‐chip optical information processing and transport. This review focuses on the fundamentals and implications of TMDC valley polarization, photonic SOI effects, and their chiral coupling in hybrid TMDCs–nanophotonic systems. First, the deterministic valley‐dependent optical properties of TMDCs and recent efforts in achieving large valley polarization contrast are reviewed. Then, various SOI effects in nanophotonic systems and their physical mechanisms are summarized. At the end, recent demonstrations of chiral coupling between TMDC valley excitons and light through spin‐direction locking at hybrid interfaces are highlighted.
Harnessing an Artificial Intelligence Platform to Dynamically Individualize Combination Therapy for Treating Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model
Authors: Ding Xianting , Chang Vincent H. S. , Li Yulong , Li Xin , Xu Hongquan , Ho Chih‐Ming , Ho Dean , Yen Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDesigning multi‐drug regimens often involves target‐ and synergy prediction‐based drug selection, and subsequent dose escalation to achieve the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of each drug. This approach may improve efficacy, but not the optimal efficacy and often substantially increases toxicity. Drug interactions depend on many pathways in the omics networks and further complicate the design process. The virtually infinite drug–dose parameter space cannot be reconciled using conventional approaches, which are largely based on prediction. This barrier at least partially accounts for the low response rates that are observed with conventional mono‐ and combinatorial chemotherapy. A combination of nonstandard therapies for colorectal cancer (AGCH: adriamycin, gemcitabine, cisplatin, and herceptin) at ¼ MTD is used to treat the rats, the tumor response rates varied in a wide range. Some of the tumor response rates are close to that of control group. This work harnesses an artificial intelligence (AI) platform that is mechanism free and can dynamically optimize combinatorial therapy in rats. The individually optimized AGCH regimen reveal starkly different drug–dose parameters, which can converge each rat toward the same and low tumor response rate. Importantly, this AI‐based drug–dose optimization technology is an actionable platform, which can achieve N‐of‐1 therapy.
Analytical Solutions for a Supersymmetric Wave‐Equation for Quasiparticles in a Quantum System
Authors: Manzetti Sergio , Trounev Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVortices and quasiparticles have been studied for 2D systems over the past decades in relation to the development of technologies in quantum electromagnetics, optics, and quantum computation. Deriving new equations for quasiparticles in quantum systems is therefore a critical part of quantum physics. Recently, a supersymmetric wave equation has been developed which describes quasiparticles and vorticity under the influence of electromagnetic fields which has been studied numerically. The analytical solutions of the supersymmetric wave‐equation are presented by increasing levels of energy. It is shown that the derived linear and nonlinear models of the supersymmetric wave‐equation can represent respectively symmetric and asymmetric vorticity formed in a confined rotating torus. The models described are suitable to represent vorticity formed in 2D and 3D electron gas and can be of significant relevance to future research in quantum electromagnetics.
Multifunctional Effect of p‐Doping, Antireflection, and Encapsulation by Polymeric Acid for High Efficiency and Stable Carbon Nanotube‐Based Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Qian Yang , Jeon Il , Ho Ya‐Lun , Lee Changhyun , Jeong Sujeong , Delacou Clement , Seo Seungju , Anisimov Anton , Kaupinnen Esko I. , Matsuo Yutaka , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae‐Seok , Kim Donghwan , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSilicon solar cells among different types of solar energy harvesters have entered the commercial market owing to their high power conversion efficiency and stability. By replacing the electrode and the p‐type layer by a single layer of carbon nanotubes, the device can be further simplified. This greatly augments the attractiveness of silicon solar cells in the light of raw material shortages and the solar payback period, as well as lowering the fabrication costs. However, carbon nanotube‐based silicon solar cells still lack device efficiency and stability. These can be improved by chemical doping, antireflection coating, and encapsulation. In this work, the multifunctional effects of p‐doping, antireflection, and encapsulation are observed simultaneously, by applying a polymeric acid. This method increases the power conversion efficiency of single‐walled carbon nanotube‐based silicon solar cells from 9.5% to 14.4% and leads to unprecedented device stability of more than 120 d under severe conditions. In addition, the polymeric acid‐applied carbon nanotube‐based silicon solar cells show excellent chemical and mechanical robustness. The obtained stable efficiency stands the highest among the reported carbon nanotube‐based silicon solar cells.
The Ottawa Emergency Department Shift Observation Tool (O‐EDShOT): A New Tool for Assessing Resident Competence in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cheung Warren J. , Wood Timothy J. , Gofton Wade , Dewhirst Sebastian , Dudek Nancy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe outcome of emergency medicine (EM) training is to produce physicians who can competently run an emergency department (ED) shift. However, there are few tools with supporting validity evidence specifically designed to assess multiple key competencies across an entire shift. The investigators developed and gathered validity evidence for a novel entrustment‐based tool to assess a resident’s ability to safely run an ED shift.MethodsThrough a nominal group technique, local and national stakeholders identified dimensions of performance that are reflective of a competent ED physician and are required to safely manage an ED shift. These were included as items in the Ottawa Emergency Department Shift Observation Tool (O‐EDShOT), and each item was scored using an entrustment‐based rating scale. The tool was implemented in 2018 at the University of Ottawa Department of Emergency Medicine, and quantitative data and qualitative feedback were collected over 6 months.ResultsA total of 1,141 forms were completed by 78 physicians for 45 residents. An analysis of variance demonstrated an effect of training level with statistically significant increases in mean O‐EDShOT scores with each subsequent postgraduate year (p < 0.001). Scores did not vary by ED treatment area. Residents rated as able to safely run the shift had significantly higher mean ± SD scores (4.8 ± 0.3) than those rated as not able (3.8 ± 0.6; p < 0.001). Faculty and residents reported that the tool was feasible to use and facilitated actionable feedback aimed at progression toward independent practice.ConclusionsThe O‐EDShOT successfully discriminated between trainees of different levels regardless of ED treatment area. Multiple sources of validity evidence support the O‐EDShOT as a tool to assess a resident’s ability to safely run an ED shift. It can serve as a stimulus for daily observation and feedback making it practical to use within an EM residency program.
Glucocorticoid use and ischemia‐reperfusion injury in laparoscopic liver resection: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasegawa Yasushi , Nitta Hiroyuki , Takahara Takeshi , Katagiri Hirokatsu , Kanno Shoji , Umemura Akira , Akiyama Yuji , Iwaya Takeshi , Otsuka Koki , Sasaki Akira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is increasingly carried out worldwide. However, there are concerns regarding ischemia‐reperfusion injury caused by pneumoperitoneum and the Pringle maneuver. It is not clear whether perioperative use of glucocorticoids lowers the risk of ischemia‐reperfusion hepatic injury in LLR as has been reported for open liver resection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of perioperative glucocorticoid use in improving hepatic function and surgical outcomes after LLR.MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized controlled trial (UMIN000013823), we enrolled 130 patients who presented to our institution for LLR between April 2014 and October 2018. Six patients were excluded, resulting in 124 patients being randomized to either the glucocorticoid or the control group. Preoperatively, patients in the glucocorticoid group received 500 mg methylprednisolone in saline solution, patients in the control group saline solution only. Surgical outcomes and blood parameters were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe Pringle maneuver could not be carried out in 24 patients, resulting in 50 patients in each group being included in the analysis. Postoperatively, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, and C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 levels were significantly lower, albumin levels were significantly higher, and prothrombin time was significantly shorter in the glucocorticoid than in the control group. Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionThis first report on preoperative glucocorticoid use in LLR showed that it significantly improved postoperative liver function and thus might enhance the safety of LLR.
A Benzophenone‐Based Photocaging Strategy for the N7 Position of Guanosine
Authors: Anhäuser Lea , Klöcker Nils , Muttach Fabian , Mäsing Florian , Špaček Petr , Studer Armido , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelective modification of nucleobases with photolabile caging groups enables the study and control of processes and interactions of nucleic acids. Numerous positions on nucleobases have been targeted, but all involve formal substitution of a hydrogen atom with a photocaging group. Nature, however, also uses ring‐nitrogen methylation, such as m7G and m1A, to change the electronic structure and properties of RNA and control biomolecular interactions essential for translation and turnover. We report that aryl ketones such as benzophenone and α‐hydroxyalkyl ketone are photolabile caging groups if installed at the N7 position of guanosine or the N1 position of adenosine. Common photocaging groups derived from the ortho‐nitrobenzyl moiety were not suitable. Both chemical and enzymatic methods for site‐specific modification of N7G in nucleosides, dinucleotides, and RNA were developed, thereby opening the door to studying the molecular interactions of m7G and m1A with spatiotemporal control.
Development of active cassava starch cellulose nanofiber‐based films incorporated with natural antimicrobial tea tree essential oil
Authors: Silveira Maíra Patricio , Silva Helen Costa , Pimentel Ida Chapaval , Poitevin Carolina Gracia , da Costa Stuart Andressa Katiski , Carpiné Danielle , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario , Jorge Regina Maria Matos 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present study, a cassava starch‐glycerol film with reinforcement of Pinus sp. nanofibers (NFC) incorporated with tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil (TTO) were prepared by casting technique. The physical (barrier, mechanical, and optical), structural, and antimicrobial properties of the films were evaluated and compared with the control films. Films with 0.08% TTO exhibited a significant increase in the tensile strength (TS) while films with 1.5% TTO showed a decrease in TS, suggesting a crosslinking effect. The addition of 1.5% TTO reduced the water vapor permeability values in 43% comparing to the control films. Analysis obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed bands related to the interaction between TTO and matrix for films with 1.5% TTO and 0.3% NFC. This film was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans which could be applied for several packaging purposes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48726.
ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences
Authors: Ros‐Demarize Rosmary , Bradley Catherine , Kanne Stephen M. , Warren Zachary , Boan Andrea , Lajonchere Clara , Park Justine , Carpenter Laura Arnstein 
Published: November 2019

Although considerable work has documented higher prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in boys, fewer studies have focused on sex differences within samples of young children at‐risk for ASD. This study examined sex differences in ASD symptom domains and ASD screening outcomes among toddlers (18–35 months) and preschoolers (36–72 months) with ASD‐related concerns. Participants included 480 children between 18 and 72 months evaluated by university‐based ASD specialty clinics. Results revealed significant sex differences in severity of social communication (SC) deficits across age groups. Within the toddler group, girls diagnosed with ASD displayed greater SC deficits according to standardized observation and clinician severity ratings. Within the preschool group, girls diagnosed with ASD were rated by parents as having more severe SC deficits, but these differences were not corroborated by standardized observations or clinician ratings. No sex differences emerged for severity of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) for either age group. Across the entire referred sample, boys and girls did not differ in terms of scores on commonly used screening instruments. Importantly, results suggest that two of the most commonly used ASD screeners (i.e., Modified‐Checklist for Autism in Toddlers‐Revised with Follow‐up and Social Communication Questionnaire ) may underidentify RRBs in toddler and preschool‐aged girls as screening scores were only influenced by severity of SC deficits. Greater SC deficits in young girls with ASD along with its impact on screening status suggests greater attention be placed on the under‐identification of ASD in girls as well as current screening measures' ability to tap into the topography of ASD symptoms across genders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 157–166. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this study, we found that young girls diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder tend to have greater social communication deficits than young boys and that these differences vary by age. Specifically, toddler‐aged girls receive higher clinician ratings of social communication deficits when compared to boys, while preschool‐aged girls receive higher parent ratings of social communication deficits. For girls, current screening tools seem to be more highly influenced by severity of social communication deficits than by restricted repetitive behaviors.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Possible localization of trypsin‐like and metalloprotease active centers in the protein sequence of the monoclonal light chain (NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr)
Authors: Timofeeva Anna M. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt was previously shown that several monoclonal light chains corresponding to the phagemid library of recombinant peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin light chains of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus specifically hydrolyze only myelin basic protein (MBP). Canonical enzymes usually have only one active site catalyzing some kind of chemical reaction. It was shown previously that in contrast to classical enzymes, preparations of one of the light chains (NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr) showed two optimal pH values, two optimal concentrations of metal ions, and two Km values for MBP. One protease active site of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr was trypsin like, whereas second one was metal dependent. In this article, a search for protein sequences of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr responsible for catalytic functions was carried out. We performed, for the first time, analysis of the homology of the protein sequence of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr with those of several classical Zn2+‐ and Ca2+‐dependent, as well as human serine, proteases. The analysis allowed us to identify the protein sequences of NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr responsible for serine‐like activity, the binding of MBP, and chelation of metal ions and catalysis directly. The data obtained are summarized using hypothetical models of the structure of the two active centers of a very unusual light chain of antibodies (Abs). The findings obtained may be very important for understanding possible structure of active centers of very unusual light chain of Abs possessing several enzymatic activities.
Belastungsprüfung im Kaufhaus Görlitz
Authors: Mosig Oliver , Wellner Sabine , Rudolph Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDas Jugendstil‐Kaufhaus in Görlitz gilt als letztes baulich erhaltenes Zeugnis der deutschen Warenhausarchitektur des frühen 20. Jh. Im Zuge der Sanierung des Gebäudes musste die Tragfähigkeit der Geschossdecken aufgrund erhöhter Lasten und zusätzlicher Anforderungen aus heutiger Normung neu beurteilt werden. Bei den Decken handelt es sich um Steineisendecken, sog. Reformhohlsteindecken – ein typisches System dieser Bauepoche – mit Spannweiten von bis zu 9 m. Das Otto‐Mohr‐Laboratorium des Instituts für Massivbau der TU Dresden führte dazu Traglastversuche an insgesamt zehn Deckenfeldern in unterschiedlichen Gebäudebereichen des Kaufhauses durch. Mit einer Belastungsrahmenkonstruktion konnten die Geschossdecken experimentell durch Probebelastungen für eine Flächenlast von 10,2 kN/m2 nachgewiesen werden. Die max. gemessenen Durchbiegungen blieben deutlich unterhalb der Grenzwerte, außer feinen Haarrissen konnten während der Belastungsprüfung keine Schäden oder Beeinträchtigungen festgestellt werden. Für die weitere Sanierung des Kaufhauses können somit aufwändige Verstärkungsmaßnahmen entfallen.Teile des hier vorliegenden Beitrags wurden erstmals im Tagungsband zum 10. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen (SEUB) veröffentlicht.
Der kritische Chloridgehalt – Bestimmung am Bauwerk und Einfluss auf die Lebensdauer
Authors: Boschmann Käthler Carolina , Angst Ueli M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie zuverlässige Bestimmung des Korrosionsrisikos an Stahlbeton‐Bauwerken ist eine der großen Ingenieur‐Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Bisher beruht die Abschätzung des Korrosionsrisikos auf der Bestimmung von Chloridprofilen am Bauwerk, welche mit festgesetzten Grenzwerten, dem kritischen, korrosionsauslösenden Chloridgehalt Ccrit, verglichen werden. Dieser Ccrit ist mangels einer anwendbaren Testmethode ein in Normen festgesetzter Wert, der mit min. Anpassungsmöglichkeiten für alle Bauwerke Gültigkeit hat. Dadurch bleiben wesentliche objektspezifische Einflussfaktoren unberücksichtigt; die Resultate bleiben erfahrungsbasiert und können lediglich der Orientierung dienen. Die hier beschriebene Testmethode ermöglicht die Bestimmung des spezifischen Ccrit für Bauwerke. Dazu werden 150‐mm‐Bohrkerne mit jeweils einem zentrischen, noch nicht korrodierenden Bewehrungsstahl entnommen und im Labor einer konzentrierten Chloridlösung ausgesetzt. Bei Korrosionsinitiierung kann Ccrit als statistische Verteilung bestimmt werden.Aus einer Vielzahl von Proben haben die Autoren eine Ccrit‐Datenbank etabliert. Diese zeigt eine deutliche Variation des Ccrit verschiedener Bauwerke: die Werte liegen teilweise unter‐, teilweise oberhalb des Normwerts. Damit können objektspezifische Restlebensdauern berechnet werden. Im Falle eines tieferen spezifischen Ccrit erlaubt dies, dass Instandsetzungsarbeiten noch vorgenommen werden können, bevor die Korrosionsschäden diese maßgeblich verteuern oder gar verunmöglichen. Dagegen können im Falle eines höheren Ccrit die Instandsetzungsarbeiten ohne bedeutende Kostenfolge (und unter gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung der Sicherheit) auf einen späteren Zeitpunkt verschoben werden.
First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of propofol and cisatracurium besylate in biological fluids
Authors: El Sharkasy Mona E. , Walash M. , Belal F. , Salim M.M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPropofol and cisatracurium besylate have been simultaneously determined using a highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method. The method is based on measuring first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude at Δλ = 40 nm with a scanning rate of 600 nm/min. The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity of the two drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The amplitude–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 40.0–400.0 ng/mL and 20.0–280.0 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively with lower detection limits of 4.0 and 2.35 ng/mL and quantification limits of 12.1 and 7.1 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the two compounds in synthetic mixtures and in commercial ampoules. The high sensitivity attained using the proposed method allowed the simultaneous determination of both drugs in spiked plasma samples. The mean % recoveries in spiked human plasma (n = 3) were 96.53 ± 0.90 and 96.20 ± 1.64 for each of propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.
Radiomics approach to distinguish between well differentiated liposarcomas and lipomas on MRI
Authors: Vos M , Starmans M P A , Timbergen M J M , van der Voort S R , Padmos G A , Kessels W , Niessen W J , van Leenders G J L H , Grünhagen D J , Sleijfer S , Verhoef C , Klein S , Visser J J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) can be difficult to distinguish from lipoma. Currently, this distinction is made by testing for MDM2 amplification, which requires a biopsy. The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive method to predict MDM2 amplification status using radiomics features derived from MRI.

Methods
Patients with an MDM2-negative lipoma or MDM2-positive WDLPS and a pretreatment T1-weighted MRI scan who were referred to Erasmus MC between 2009 and 2018 were included. When available, other MRI sequences were included in the radiomics analysis. Features describing intensity, shape and texture were extracted from the tumour region. Classification was performed using various machine learning approaches. Evaluation was performed through a 100 times random-split cross-validation. The performance of the models was compared with the performance of three expert radiologists.

Results
The data set included 116 tumours (58 patients with lipoma, 58 with WDLPS) and originated from 41 different MRI scanners, resulting in wide heterogeneity in imaging hardware and acquisition protocols. The radiomics model based on T1 imaging features alone resulted in a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0·83, sensitivity of 0·68 and specificity of 0·84. Adding the T2-weighted imaging features in an explorative analysis improved the model to a mean AUC of 0·89, sensitivity of 0·74 and specificity of 0·88. The three radiologists scored an AUC of 0·74 and 0·72 and 0·61 respectively; a sensitivity of 0·74, 0·91 and 0·64; and a specificity of 0·55, 0·36 and 0·59.

Conclusion
Radiomics is a promising, non-invasive method for differentiating between WDLPS and lipoma, outperforming the scores of the radiologists. Further optimization and validation is needed before introduction into clinical practice.