bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of common differentially expressed genes in Turner (45,X) and Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndromes using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Manotas María Carolina , Calderón Juan Camilo , López-Kleine Liliana , Suárez-Obando Fernando , Moreno Olga M. , Rojas Adriana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of patients with chromosomal abnormalities, including Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, has highlighted the importance of X‐linked gene dosage as a contributing factor for disease susceptibility. Escape from X‐inactivation and X‐linked imprinting can result in transcriptional differences between normal men and women as well as in patients with sex chromosome abnormalities.ObjectiveTo identify differentially expressed genes among patients with Turner (45,X) and Klinefelter (46,XXY) syndrome using bioinformatics analysis.MethodologyTwo gene expression data sets of Turner (45,X) and Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) were obtained from the Gene Omnibus Expression (GEO) database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Statistical analysis was performed using R Bioconductor libraries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined using significance analysis of microarray (SAM). The functional annotation of the DEGs was performed with DAVID v6.8 (The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery).ResultsThere are no genes over‐expressed simultaneously in both diseases. However, when crossing the list of under‐expressed genes for 45,X cells and the list of over‐expressed genes for 47,XXY cells, there are 16 common genes: SLC25A6, AKAP17A, ASMTL, KDM5C, KDM6A, ATRX, CSF2RA, DHRSX, CD99, ZBED1, EIF1AX, MVB12B, SMC1A, P2RY8, DOCK7, DDX3X, eight of which are involved in the regulation of gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, regulation of splicing processes and protein synthesis.ConclusionOf the 16 identified as under‐expressed in 45,X cells and over‐expressed in 47,XXY cells, 14 are located in X chromosome and 2 in autosomal chromosome; 8 of these genes are involved in the regulation of gene expression: 5 genes are related to epigenetic mechanisms, 2 in regulation of splicing processes, and 1 in the protein synthesis process. Our results are limited by it being the product of a bioinformatic analysis from mRNA isolated from whole blood, this makes necessary further exploration of the relationships between these genes and Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome in the future.
Blow‐up for wave equation with the scale‐invariant damping and combined nonlinearities
Authors: Hamouda Makram , Hamza Mohamed  Ali 
Published: September 2020

In this article, we study the blow‐up of the damped wave equation in the scale‐invariant case and in the presence of two nonlinearities. More precisely, we consider the following equation:

with small initial data.For
and μ ∈ (0, μ∗), where μ∗ > 0 is depending on the nonlinearties' powers and the space dimension (μ∗ satisfies
), we prove that the wave equation, in this case, behaves like the one without dissipation (μ = 0). Our result completes the previous studies in the case where the dissipation is given by
, where, contrary to what we obtain in the present work, the effect of the damping is not significant in the dynamics. Interestingly, in our case, the influence of the damping term
is important.
High energy LiDAR source for long distance, high resolution range imaging
Authors: Jiang Yewen , Yang Jiang , Li Peilin , Si Hanying , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh energy, high repetition rates laser with excellent beam quality are fundamental components for LiDAR. In particular, high pulse energy is benefit for long distance range imaging. Narrow pulse width and high repetition rates are benefit for high resolution and high refresh rate operation of LiDAR. However, increasing the laser repetition rates will cause the pulse energy decreasing and the pulse width expanding. In order to achieve the requirements at the same time, we propose a 885 nm laser diode end‐pumped RTP Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. Pulse pumping scheme was used to avoid heat accumulation. With a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, 40.5 mJ, 7.5 ns of 1064 nm pulses were obtained at 2 kHz. The beam quality factor M2 was measured as 1.60/1.51. Moreover, by frequency doubling with a LBO crystal, 16.4 mJ, 6.5 ns of 532 nm laser with the M2 factor of 1.52 and 1.50 was obtained. The 1064 and 532 nm pulses are suitable for avalanche photodiode arrays LiDAR and streak tube imaging LiDAR, respectively. The laser system is shown to accomplish high stability from temperature of −10°C to 30°C and vibration frequency of 10 to 100 Hz.
Adaptive greedy algorithms based on parameter‐domain decomposition and reconstruction for the reduced basis method
Authors: Jiang Jiahua , Chen Yanlai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reduced basis method (RBM) empowers repeated and rapid evaluation of parametrized partial differential equations through an offline–online decomposition, a.k.a. a learning‐execution process. A key feature of the method is a greedy algorithm repeatedly scanning the training set, a fine discretization of the parameter domain, to identify the next dimension of the parameter‐induced solution manifold along which we expand the surrogate solution space. Although successfully applied to problems with fairly high parametric dimensions, the challenge is that this scanning cost dominates the offline cost due to it being proportional to the cardinality of the training set which is exponential with respect to the parameter dimension. In this work, we review three recent attempts in effectively delaying this curse of dimensionality, and propose two new hybrid strategies through successive refinement and multilevel maximization of the error estimate over the training set. All five offline‐enhanced methods and the original greedy algorithm are tested and compared on two types of problems: the thermal block problem and the geometrically parameterized Helmholtz problem.
Weekday time in bed and obesity risk in adolescence
Authors: Danielsen Yngvild Sørebø , Pallesen Ståle , Sivertsen Børge , Stormark Kjell Morten , Hysing Mari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSleep curtailment is associated with obesity in children, but few studies have investigated this relationship in a longitudinal sample of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to examine the longitudinal association between weekday time in bed (TIB) at age 10–13 and overweight at age 16–19.MethodsAdolescents and their parents (N = 3025 families), participating in a longitudinal population‐based study, completed questionnaires assessing habitual bedtime and wake time on weekdays, weight and height, socioeconomic status (SES), internalizing mental health problems and disturbed eating. Two surveys were administered with a 6‐year interval (T1 and T2). A one‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed examining the association between TIB and weight category 6 years later, with SES, internalizing problems and disturbed eating at baseline entered as covariates. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were used to assess TIB at age 10–13 years to as a predictor of body mass index (BMI) standardized deviation scores (SDS) and overweight status at age 16–19 adjusting for the same confounders and baseline BMI.ResultsA linear inverse relationship between TIB at age 10–13 and BMI category at age 16–19 was demonstrated by the ANCOVA, p < 0.001. Shorter TIB was related to higher weight, but the effect size was small (partial eta squared = 0.01). When adjusting for the included baseline confounders in the hierarchical regression model TIB significantly predicted later BMI SDS (β = −0.039, p = 0.02). The adjusted logistic regression model showed that for each hour reduction of TIB at T1 the odds of being overweight/obese at T2 increased with a factor of 1.6.ConclusionShorter TIB was found to be a significant, yet modest, independent predictor of later weight gain in adolescence. The findings implicate that establishing healthy sleep habits should be addressed in prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent obesity.
Enhanced tailored of thermal stability, optical and electrochemical properties of PANI matrix containing Al2O3 hybrid materials synthesized through in situ polymerization
Authors: Bekhti Mohamed Amine , Belardja Mohamed Sif eddine , Lafjah Mama , Chouli Faiza , Benyoucef Abdelghani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybrid materials based on Al2O3, modified with polyaniline have been obtained. Samples have been synthesized by chemical polymerization of aniline monomer with Al2O3 nanoparticles, the ammonium persulfate have been used as oxidizers. The resulting samples were fully characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV‐vis spectroscopies, which have shown that polymerizations have been carried out. Importantly, this work represents an efficacious way of setting the optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites, obtained by adjusted the amounts of Al2O3 during polymerization, the analysis shows that the lowest evaluate of optical band gap is 2.88 eV for PANI@Al2O3 (4%) compared to PANI@Al2O3 (2%), and PANI@Al2O3 (6%) with 2.95 and 2.91 eV, respectively. Good electroactivity response where achieve two pairs oxidation/reduction with improved thermal stability for the synthesized hybrid materials have been observed.
An Indonesian model of well‐being: The integration of universal and cultural factors
Authors: Maulana Herdiyan , Khawaja Nigar , Obst Patricia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study examined a predictive model of both universal factors (socioeconomic, neuroticism, and extraversion) and culturally specific factors (sense of community, trust, and self‐construal) towards the well‐being of Indonesians. A nationally representative sample (N = 929) was recruited across the nation to complete a survey in either online or offline format. The survey contained a measure of well‐being as well as demographic, psychosocial, and cultural variables. Analysis via hierarchical multiple regression showed that both universal and cultural factors were associated with well‐being in this Indonesian sample. In particular, once the cultural factors were added to the model, there were changes in universal factor effects to well‐being. The finding of this study recognized the multidimensional model of well‐being and supports the importance of evaluating well‐being at the dimensional level to allow for an exploration of the nuanced relationship between distinct indicators and facets of well‐being. The theoretical implications of these results and future directions were also discussed in this study.
Review of epidemiological factors (other than maternal age) that determine the prevalence of common autosomal trisomies
Authors: Cuckle Howard , Benn Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe birth prevalence of each common autosomal trisomy (21, 18 and 13) increases with advancing maternal age and this is the most important epidemiological risk factor. Prevalence during pregnancy is also dependent on gestational age. Other factors claimed to influence prevalence include paternal age, ethnicity, family history, premature reproductive aging, parity, twinning, smoking, environmental exposures, maternal medical conditions, and predispositions. We review the evidence for these associations since they may provide insights into causal mechanisms. When investigating potential co‐factors it is important to adequately allow for maternal age and minimize its confounding contribution. This is well illustrated by reports of an inverse paternal age effect where there is strong correlation between parental ages. Gestational age at diagnosis, availability of prenatal screening, diagnostic testing, and elective termination of affected pregnancies and healthcare disparities also confound the studies on ethnicity, medical conditions, and predispositions or environmental factors. Data from twin zygosity studies demonstrate the importance of differences in fetal viability for affected pregnancies. We conclude that existing epidemiological evidence for most of the co‐factors discussed should currently be considered tenuous; history of Down syndrome, albeit biased, may be an exception. The co‐factors may yet provide clues to hitherto poorly understood causal pathways.
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System Therapy with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Enhanced Clearance of Piperacillin in a Pediatric Patient and Led to Failure to Attain Pharmacodynamic Targets
Authors: Tang Girdwood Sonya , Arbough Trent , Dong Min , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Tang Peter , Vinks Alexander A. , Kaplan Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), an extracorporeal support device used in patients with liver failure, specifically removes albumin‐bound molecules, including antibiotics. Case reports in adult patients showed that MARS enhances the clearance of piperacillin. However, for those patients, pharmacodynamic targets were achieved when piperacillin/tazobactam was administered as extended infusions over 3–4 hours. In contrast, piperacillin/tazobactam is typically given as short intermittent infusions in children. No reports describe the effect of MARS on piperacillin pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic target attainment in pediatric patients with liver failure. This case report describes the effects of MARS on piperacillin clearance and target attainment in a child with liver failure. It was noted that MARS, in conjunction with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), enhanced the clearance of piperacillin when compared with CRRT alone (6.4–7.4 L/hr vs 3.0 L/hr). Pharmacodynamic targets were not attained during MARS‐CRRT cycles with free piperacillin concentrations being above 64 µg/ml for < 50% of dosing intervals, the goal target. We performed simulation analysis to identify a dosing regimen to optimize target attainment. For this patient, doses 3 times what she received over 3‐hour extended infusions and an additional dose within 5 hours of cycle initiation would have led to target attainment throughout the MARS‐CRRT cycles.
Slippery liquid‐infused porous surface via thermally induced phase separation for enhanced corrosion protection
Authors: Hao Zhentao , Chen Chuchu , Shen Ting , Lu Jiaxing , Yang Hao‐Cheng , Li Weihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSlippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) is a rising star in corrosion protection owing to its outstanding corrosive medium resistance and self‐healing property. The large‐area and facile fabrication of SLIPS remains a challenge lying on the way of its practical application. Herein, we develop a novel SLIPS based on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate fabricated by thermally induced phase separation. A sphere‐packing structure can be easily obtained by blade‐coating followed by cooling. The SLIPS exhibits an extremely low sliding angle of 5.8° so that it can resist the fouling of even the Chinese ink, ascribing to its slippery dynamic surface with low surface energy. We also evaluated the anti‐corrosion performance of the SLIPS and superhydrophobic PVDF coating by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning Kelvin probe technique (SKP), both of which exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution due to the physical oil and air barriers against the corrosive medium penetration. Nevertheless, the SLIPS coatings performed outstanding self‐healing properties because of the high fluidity of infused oil to recover the surface damages, and the self‐healing process was recorded by the SKP.
Obesity‐related asthma in children: A role for vitamin D
Authors: O'Sullivan Brian P. , James Laura , Majure Joseph M. , Bickel Scott , Phan Ly‐Thao , Serrano Gonzalez Monica , Staples Heather , Tam‐Williams Jade , Lang Jason , Snowden Jessica ,   the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network
Published: September 2020

AbstractExcess adipose tissue predisposes to an enhanced inflammatory state and can contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Vitamin D has anti‐inflammatory properties and low‐serum levels are seen in children with asthma and in children with obesity. Here we review the intersection of asthma, obesity, and hypovitaminosis D in children. Supplementation with vitamin D has been proposed as a simple, safe, and inexpensive adjunctive therapy in a number of disease states. However, little research has examined the pharmacokinetics of vitamin D and its therapeutic potential in children who suffer from obesity‐related asthma.
Pediatric lung imaging features of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nino Gustavo , Zember Jonathan , Sanchez‐Jacob Ramon , Gutierrez Maria J. , Sharma Karun , Linguraru Marius George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRationalePediatric COVID‐19 studies have been mostly restricted to case reports and small case series, which have prevented the identification of specific pediatric lung disease patterns in COVID‐19. The overarching goal of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide the first comprehensive summary of the findings of published studies thus far describing COVID‐19 lung imaging data in the pediatric population.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed was performed to identify studies assessing lung‐imaging features of COVID‐19 pediatric patients (0–18 years). A single‐arm meta‐analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsA total of 29 articles (n = 1026 children) based on chest computerized tomography (CT) images were included. The main results of this comprehensive analysis are as follows: (1) Over a third of pediatric patients with COVID‐19 (35.7%, 95% CI: 27.5%–44%) had normal chest CT scans and only 27.7% (95% CI: 19.9%–35.6%) had bilateral lesions. (2) The most typical pediatric chest CT findings of COVID‐19 were ground‐glass opacities (GGO) (37.2%, 95% CI: 29.3%–45%) and the presence of consolidations or pneumonic infiltrates (22.3%, 95% CI: 17.8%–26.9%). (3) The lung imaging findings in children with COVID‐19 were overall less frequent and less severe than in adult patients. (4) Typical lung imaging features of viral respiratory infections in the pediatric population such as increased perihilar markings and hyperinflation were not reported in children with COVID‐19.ConclusionChest CT manifestations in children with COVID‐19 could potentially be used for early identification and prompt intervention in the pediatric population.
Serum ECP as a diagnostic marker for asthma in children less than 5 years: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polavarapu Mounika , Klonoff‐Cohen Hillary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are no clear‐cut clinical or laboratory parameters to diagnose asthma in young children. Spirometry or the lung function tests cannot be reliably measured in children less than 5 years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of serum eosinophilic cationic protein (sECP) in diagnosing asthma among children less than 5 years of age.MethodsA systematic review was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify studies investigating the role of sECP in diagnosing childhood asthma. The quality of each study was assessed using quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 scale. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.3 application.ResultsA total of eight studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the systematic review and five studies in the meta‐analysis. There was a degree of clinical heterogeneity between studies primarily related to the definition of asthma and the time of assessment of sECP levels. Pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.88), pooled specificity was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and the pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 14.73 (95% CI: 3.58–60.58).ConclusionOverall, this review found insufficient evidence to support the role of sECP levels in diagnosing early childhood asthma.
Nematicidal activity of teleocidin B4 isolated from Streptomyces sp. against pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Kang Min‐Kyoung , Kim Min‐Hee , Liu Min‐Jiao , Jin Chun Zhi , Park So Hee , Lee Jong Min , Kim Junheon , Park Dong‐Jin , Park Hae‐Ryong , Kim Young Ho , Kim Chang‐Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPine wilt disease (PWD) is a plant disease that causes serious damage to pine trees. PWD occurs when the host plant is infected with pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, a compound with nematicidal activity was isolated from actinomycetes and its efficacy was investigated in vitro.RESULTWe screened and selected Streptomyces sp. 680560, which had nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, it showed 99.93% similarity with Streptomyces blastmyceticus NRRB‐5480T. Furthermore, the active compound was isolated and identified as teleocidin B4. Teleocidin B4 at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μM had low nematicidal activity after 24 and 36 h against adult and stage juveniles (J2) of B. xylophilus, but after 48 h nematicidal activity exceeded 95%. The rate of inhibition of egg hatching for Teleocidin B4 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM was confirmed to be dose‐dependently inhibited after 48 h of treatment. Teleocidin B4 is not only toxic to hatched B. xylophilus, but also affects egg hatching.CONCLUSIONThis study was carried out to isolate actinomycete metabolites from pine tree endophytes from various natural environments for control of PWD. A compound with nematicidal activity was isolated from a selected strain and its structure was identified as teleocidin B4. The nematicidal effect of the isolated active substance, teleocidin B4, was confirmed. This is the first report of the effect of teleocidin B4 on B. xylophilus, suggesting its possibility as a PWD control agent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Analog ensemble data assimilation and a method for constructing analogs with variational autoencoders
Authors: Grooms Ian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is proposed to use analogs of the forecast mean to generate an ensemble of perturbations for use in ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) or ensemble variational (EnVar) methods. A new method of constructing analogs using variational autoencoders (VAEs; a machine learning method) is proposed. The resulting analog methods using analogs from a catalog (AnEnOI), and using constructed analogs (cAnEnOI), are tested in the context of a multiscale Lorenz‐‘96 model, with standard EnOI and an ensemble square root filter for comparison. The use of analogs from a modestly‐sized catalog is shown to improve the performance of EnOI, with limited marginal improvements resulting from increases in the catalog size. The method using constructed analogs (cAnEnOI) is found to perform as well as a full ensemble square root filter, and to be robust over a wide range of tuning parameters.