bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Dysphagia Following Radiotherapy After Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
Authors: Schreiber Ann-Marie , Dawson Camilla , Skoretz Stacey A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is radiation therapy (RT); however, long-term effects of RT frequently include significant swallowing impairments (dysphagia;
Gaziano, 2002
;
Hui, Chan, & Le, 2018
). Our objective was to describe swallowing physiology in consecutive outpatients with a history of NPC following RT using standardized methods. Understanding dysphagia characteristics in this patient population could ultimately inform rehabilitation strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Method

We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive outpatients undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing (VFS) exams at our clinic, from 2009 to 2014. We included those with a diagnosis of NPC treated with RT. Those with other cancer diagnoses; previous tracheostomy; acute neurological injury; and progressive, degenerative neurological conditions were excluded. Two registered MBSImP clinicians, blinded to each other, reviewed and scored the VFS exams according to previously published methods (
Martin-Harris et al., 2008
). Following unblinding, a single reviewer collected demographic data from the electronic medical record. We reported overall impairment and MBSImP component scores descriptively.

Results

Of 158 outpatients undergoing VFS, 6 (
N
) met our inclusion criteria. The median time from completion of RT to outpatient VFS was 21.0 years. Patients reported a variety of dysphagia symptoms. All patients had high oral and pharyngeal residue scores (scores ≥ 2) and high impairment scores on components contributing to bolus transport and airway closure.

Conclusions
All patients presented with impairments in oral–pharyngeal bolus transport and airway protection. Our results identify specific swallowing impairments for this patient group highlighting possible latent RT effects on swallowing. This population would benefit from dysphagia rehabilitation and maintenance programs informed by multimodal diagnostic approaches.
An Analysis of Nonsignificant Results in Audiology Using Bayes Factors
Authors: Brydges Christopher R. , Gaeta Laura 
Published: December 2019

PurposeNull hypothesis significance testing is commonly used in audiology research to determine the presence of an effect. Knowledge of study outcomes, including nonsignificant findings, is important for evidence-based practice. Nonsignificantpvalues obtained from null hypothesis significance testing cannot differentiate between true null effects or underpowered studies. Bayes factors (BFs) are a statistical technique that can distinguish between conclusive and inconclusive nonsignificant results, and quantify the strength of evidence in favor of 1 hypothesis over another. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BFs in nonsignificant results in audiology research and the strength of evidence in favor of the null hypothesis in these results.MethodNonsignificant results mentioned in abstracts of articles published in 2018 volumes of 4 prominent audiology journals were extracted (N= 108) and categorized based on whether BFs were calculated. BFs were calculated from nonsignificantttests within this sample to determine how frequently the null hypothesis was strongly supported.ResultsNonsignificant results were not directly tested with BFs in any study. Bayesian re-analysis of 93 nonsignificantttests found that only 40.86% of findings provided moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, and none provided strong evidence.ConclusionBFs are underutilized in audiology research, and a large proportion of null findings were deemed inconclusive when re-analyzed with BFs. Researchers are encouraged to use BFs to test the validity and strength of evidence of nonsignificant results and ensure that sufficient sample sizes are used so that conclusive findings (significant or not) are observed more frequently.Supplemental Materialhttps://osf.io/b4kc7/
Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention
Authors: Peters-Sanders Lindsey A. , Kelley Elizabeth S. , Biel Christa Haring , Madsen Keri , Soto Xigrid , Seven Yagmur , Hull Katharine , Goldstein Howard 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book.MethodSeventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words.ResultsTreatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36).ConclusionsResults support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.
Resonance Effects and the Vocalization of Speech
Authors: Rakerd Brad , Hunter Eric J. , LaPine Peter 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Studies of the respiratory and laryngeal actions required for phonation are central to our understanding of both voice and voice disorders. The purpose of this tutorial is to highlight complementary insights about voice that have come from the study of vocal tract resonance effects.

Conclusion
This tutorial overviews the following areas: (a) special resonance effects that have been found to occur in the vocal productions of professional performers; (b) resonance and antiresonance effects associated with nasalization, together with clinical considerations associated with the diagnosis and/or treatment of hyponasal and hypernasal speech; and (c) studies of resonant voice and what they tell us about both normal and disordered speech production.
Incoherent fast variability of X-ray obscurers
Authors: De Marco B. , Adhikari T. P. , Ponti G. , Bianchi S. , Kriss G. A. , Arav N. , Behar E. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Cappi M. , Costantini E. , Costanzo D. , di Gesu L. , Ebrero J. , Kaastra J. S. , Kaspi S. , Mao J. , Markowitz A. , Matt G. , Mehdipour M. , Middei R. , Paltani S. , Petrucci P. O. , Pinto C. , Różańska A. , Walton D. J. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Obscuration events caused by outflowing clumps or streams of high column density and low ionised gas, shown to absorb the X-ray continuum heavily, have been witnessed across a number of Seyfert galaxies.
Aims. We report on the X-ray spectral-timing analysis of the December 2016 obscuration event in NGC 3783, which was aimed at probing variability of the X-ray obscurer on the shortest possible timescales. The main goals of this study are to obtain independent constraints on the density and, ultimately on the distance of the obscuring gas, as well as to characterise the impact of variable obscuration on the observed X-ray spectral-timing characteristics of Seyfert galaxies.
Methods. We carried out a comparative analysis of NGC 3783 during unobscured (using archival 2000–2001 XMM-Newton data) and obscured states (using XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data from the 2016 observational campaign). The analysed timescales range between ten hours and about one hour. This study was then generalised to discuss the signatures of variable obscuration in the X-ray spectral-timing characteristics of Seyfert galaxies as a function of the physical properties of the obscuring gas.
Results. The X-ray obscurer in NGC 3783 is found to vary on timescales between about one hour to ten hours. This variability is incoherent with respect to the variations of the X-ray continuum. A fast response (on timescales shorter than about 1.5 ks) of the ionisation state of the obscuring gas to the short timescale variability of the primary X-ray continuum provides a satisfactory interpretation of all the observed X-ray spectral-timing properties. This study enabled us to put independent constraints on the density and location of the obscuring gas. We found the gas to have a density of ne >  7.1 × 107 cm−3, which is consistent with a location in the broad line region.
Emergence of small-scale magnetic flux in the quiet Sun
Authors: Kontogiannis I. , Tsiropoula G. , Tziotziou K. , Gontikakis C. , Kuckein C. , Verma M. , Denker C. 
Published: December 2019

Context. We study the evolution of a small-scale emerging flux region (EFR) in the quiet Sun, from its emergence in the photosphere to its appearance in the corona and its decay.
Aims. We track processes and phenomena that take place across all atmospheric layers; we explore their interrelations and compare our findings with those from recent numerical modelling studies.
Methods. We used imaging as well as spectral and spectropolarimetric observations from a suite of space-borne and ground-based instruments.
Results. The EFR appears in the quiet Sun next to the chromospheric network and shows all morphological characteristics predicted by numerical simulations. The total magnetic flux of the region exhibits distinct evolutionary phases, namely an initial subtle increase, a fast increase with a Co-temporal fast expansion of the region area, a more gradual increase, and a slow decay. During the initial stages, fine-scale G-band and Ca II H bright points coalesce, forming clusters of positive- and negative-polarity in a largely bipolar configuration. During the fast expansion, flux tubes make their way to the chromosphere, pushing aside the ambient magnetic field and producing pressure-driven absorption fronts that are visible as blueshifted chromospheric features. The connectivity of the quiet-Sun network gradually changes and part of the existing network forms new connections with the newly emerged bipole. A few minutes after the bipole has reached its maximum magnetic flux, the bipole brightens in soft X-rays forming a coronal bright point. The coronal emission exhibits episodic brightenings on top of a long smooth increase. These coronal brightenings are also associated with surge-like chromospheric features visible in Hα, which can be attributed to reconnection with adjacent small-scale magnetic fields and the ambient quiet-Sun magnetic field.
Conclusions. The emergence of magnetic flux even at the smallest scales can be the driver of a series of energetic phenomena visible at various atmospheric heights and temperature regimes. Multi-wavelength observations reveal a wealth of mechanisms which produce diverse observable effects during the different evolutionary stages of these small-scale structures.
Empfehlungen zur Erfassung und Beschreibung perioperativer kognitiver Störungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis
Authors: Borchers Friedrich , Knaak Cornelia , Piper Sophie K. , Spies Claudia 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungPerioperative kognitive Störungen treten bei über 70-jährigen Patienten häufig auf und führen zu einer reduzierten Lebensqualität. Dieser Beitrag stellt die 2018 publizierten Nomenklaturempfehlungen der Nomenclature Consensus Working Group vor, durch die perioperative kognitive Störungen erstmals exakt erfasst und beschrieben werden können. Dies ermöglicht ein gezieltes Screening und das frühzeitige Erkennen betroffener Patienten.
Psychische Erkrankungen im Arbeitskontext – eine Verortung im
Versorgungssystem
Authors: Braun Simone , Kessemeier Franziska , Balint Elisabeth , Schwarz Elena , Hölzer Michael , Gündel Harald , Rothermund Eva 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungArbeit und psychische Gesundheit stehen in einer engen wechselseitigen Beziehung
zueinander. Psychisch bedingte Arbeitsunfähigkeitszahlen steigen seit Jahren
an, sodass die Thematik für viele Betriebe, aber auch gesamtgesellschaftlich
an Bedeutung gewonnen hat.Dieser Artikel gibt zunächst einen Überblick über
verschiedene Arbeitsstressmodelle sowie über die Abbildung arbeitsbezogener
psychischer Störungen in den Klassifikationssystemen ICD und DSM. Der
Begriff Burnout wird erläutert, die Begriffsätiologie dargestellt
und ein sinnvoller Einsatz des Begriffs in der klinischen Praxis beschrieben.
Darüber hinaus wird die Einteilung arbeitsbezogener psychischer
Störungen der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (engl. International
Labour Organization, ILO) vorgestellt. Anschließend wird auf
mögliche Interventionsmodelle zur Prävention und Therapie
arbeitsbezogener psychischer Erkrankungen sowie auf die wesentlichen Bestandteile
einer arbeitsbezogenen Psychotherapie eingegangen. Schließlich werden
Handlungsempfehlungen im internationalen Vergleich dargestellt.
Strategien zur Rekrutierung von Geflüchteten für Interventionsstudien: Erkenntnisse aus dem „Sanadak“-Trial
Authors: Roehr Susanne , Wittmann Felix , Jung Franziska , Hoffmann Rahel , Renner Anna , Dams Judith , Grochtdreis Thomas , Kersting Anette , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Rekrutierung von sogenannten seltenen Populationen, dazu zählen Geflüchtete, für Forschungsstudien gilt als schwierig. Deshalb teilen wir Erkenntnisse zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Strategien zur Rekrutierung von Geflüchteten sowie wahrgenommene Barrieren basierend auf unseren Erfahrungen im „Sanadak“-Trial, einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie zur Evaluation einer Selbsthilfe-App für syrische Geflüchtete mit posttraumatischer Belastung.
Methodik Datengrundlage war eine Interimsevaluation der Rekrutierungsstrategien. Im quantitativen Teil analysierten wir, wie Studieninteressierte von „Sanadak“ erfahren haben und über welchen Weg der Erstkontakt stattfand. Diese Ergebnisse wurden durch einen qualitativen Teil ergänzt. Dazu wurden die syrischen Studienassistenten des „Sanadak“-Trials (n=3) mittels problemzentrierter Leitfadeninterviews zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Rekrutierungsstrategien sowie wahrgenommenen Barrieren befragt.
Ergebnisse Es lagen Daten zur Rekrutierung von 140 syrischen Geflüchteten vor. Davon wurde fast die Hälfte (44%) über persönlichen Kontakt rekrutiert, rund ein weiteres Drittel (36%) wurde über verschiedene Werbemaßnahmen (z. B. Facebook-Werbung) und rund ein Fünftel (19%) über Multiplikatoren gewonnen. Typische Barrieren waren Bedenken hinsichtlich Datenschutz, Anonymität und Stigmatisierung.
Diskussion Das Schneeballprinzip war eine effektive Rekrutierungsstrategie im „Sanadak“-Trial. Weitere Strategien waren ergänzend sinnvoll, v. a. um die Varianz der Stichprobe zu erhöhen. Die Interimsevaluation erwies sich als wertvoll, um Ressourcen auf effektive Rekrutierungsstrategien zu lenken und Barrieren zu adressieren.
Schlussfolgerung Ein multistrategischer Rekrutierungsansatz mit Fokus auf persönlichen Kontakt, vielfältigen Kontaktmöglichkeiten und interkulturell kompetenten Projektmitarbeitern hat sich im „Sanadak“-Trial bewährt.
Rehabilitation von Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Meyer-Olson Dirk , Hoeper Kirsten , Sturm Christian , Busche Thilo , Brückle Wolfgang , Roth Karin , Mattussek Sigrid , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Polnau Uwe 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie rheumatologische Rehabilitation dient der Wiederherstellung einer eingeschränkten sozialen oder beruflichen Teilhabe bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatologischen Erkrankungen. Trotz deutlicher Fortschritte bei der medikamentösen Versorgung von Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis und der Spondyloarthritis, finden sich trotz Verbesserungen weiterhin noch deutliche Einschränkungen der beruflichen Teilhabe bei Patienten mit diesen Krankheitsbildern. Dieser Übersichtartikel vermittelt den aktuellen Stand der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland und beschreibt aktuelle Problemfelder der rehabilitationsmedizinischen Versorgung sowie mögliche Lösungsansätze.
An Ophthalmology Resident-Led Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease the Incidence of Perioperative Corneal Injury
Authors: Ely Amanda L. , Goerlitz-Jessen Mark , Scott Ingrid U. , Lehman Erik , Ali Tabassum , Kerchner Denise , Liang David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective This article evaluates the effectiveness of an ophthalmology resident-led quality improvement (QI) initiative to decrease the incidence of perioperative corneal injury at an academic medical center
Design Retrospective chart review.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all surgical cases performed 6 months prior to, and 6 months after, implementation of an ophthalmology resident-led QI initiative at an academic medical center. The QI initiative (which focused on perioperative corneal injury awareness, understanding of risk factors, and presentation of an algorithm designed to prevent perioperative corneal injury) consisted of a lecture and distribution of educational materials to anesthesia providers. Data collected through the chart review included type of surgical case, presence of diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease, patient age and gender, patient positioning (supine, prone, or lateral), level of anesthesia provider training, length of surgical case, surgical service, type of anesthesia, and type (if any) of perioperative eye injury. The rates of perioperative corneal injury pre- versus post-initiative were compared.
Results The rates of perioperative corneal injury pre- and post-initiative were 3.7 and 1.9 per 1,000, respectively (p = 0.012). Significant risk factors for perioperative corneal injury include longer duration of surgery (odds ratio [OR] 90–180 vs. < 90 minutes = 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–12.18; OR > 180 vs. < 90 minutes = 8.56, 95% CI 3.01–24.32; OR > 180 vs. 90–180 = 2.05, 95% CI 1.17–3.58), patient position lateral > prone > supine (OR prone vs. lateral = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.67; OR supine vs. lateral = 0.13, 95% CI 0.07–0.23), nonhead and neck surgeries (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.87), and surgery performed under the general surgery service (OR general surgery service vs. other subspecialty services = 6.50, 95% CI 2.39–24.76).
Conclusions An ophthalmology resident-led QI initiative consisting of educating anesthesia providers was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of perioperative corneal injury.
Faith Cures, Doctor Treats: Management of a Case of Pancreatic Trauma in a Jehovah’s Witness Patient
Authors: Dhaliwal Galvin , Pawar Pranay , Matthew Renji , Chaudhry Navneet Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe awareness about Jehovah’s Witness in India is very poor. One of the fundamentals of their beliefs is prohibition of blood and blood product transfusions. This presents a unique challenge, especially when coupled with massive trauma. We describe a rare case of a patient presenting with massive abdominal trauma who was managed successfully.
Relationship of Scoliosis with Pain and Respiratory Dysfunction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sertpoyraz Filiz Meryem , Tiftikcioglu Bedile Irem , Baydan Figen , Tuncay Bakiye , Gunduz Nihan Erdinc , Dikici Aylin , Zorlu Yasar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Scoliosis is one of the major causes of respiratory dysfunction in patients with Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Also, progressive spinal deformity severely affects walking and sitting, and can also lead to pain and difficulty in patient care. Although the relationship between scoliosis and respiratory functions was extensively studied, its impact on pain has not been examined. Hereby, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between scoliosis and respiratory dysfunction and pain, together with the frequency of scoliosis in Turkish DMD patients.
Materials and Methods The demographical data, rate, and region of scoliosis, pain, and respiratory functions were evaluated in 69 male DMD patients. The severity of pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) and the degree of scoliosis was assessed with Cobb angle. Forced vital capacity was used to grade the pulmonary functions.
Results Scoliosis was present in 52.2% of the patients, mainly in the dorsolumbar region. Pain was present in 53.6% of the patients, most commonly in the back and lumbar regions. The rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 49.3%. Of the 36 patients with scoliosis, prevalences of pain and respiratory dysfunction were 77.7 and 50.0%, respectively. Scoliosis was significantly associated with pain and respiratory dysfunction, as expected.
Conclusion The prevalence of pain and respiratory dysfunction is considerably high in DMD patients with scoliosis. These patients should be closely monitored for pain and deterioration in respiratory functions, to ease their daily care, increase their quality of life, and preserve the functionality, as long as possible.
Impact of neuroanatomical variations and electrode orientation on stimulus current in a device for migraine: a computational study
Authors: Salkim Enver , Shiraz Arsam , Demosthenous Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective. Conventional treatment methods for migraine often have side effects. One treatment involves a wearable neuromodulator targeting frontal nerves. Studies based on this technique have shown limited efficacy and the existing setting can cause pain. These may be associated with neuroanatomical variations which lead to high levels of required stimulus current. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of such variations on the activation currents of the Cefaly neuromodulator. Also, using a different electrode orientation, the possibility of reducing activation current levels to avoid painful side-effects and improve efficacy, is explored. Approach. This paper investigates the effect of neuroanatomical variations and electrode orientation on the stimulus current thresholds using a computational hybrid model involving a volume conductor and an advanced nerve model. Ten human head models are developed considering statistical variations of key neuroanatomical features, to model a representative population. Main results. By simulating the required stimulus current level in the head models, it is shown that neuroanatomical variations have a significant impact on the outcome, which is not solely a function of one specific neuroanatomical feature. The stimulus current thresholds based on the conventional Cefaly system vary from 4.4 mA to 25.1 mA across all head models. By altering the electrode orientation to align with the nerve branches, the stimulus current thresholds are substantially reduced to between 0.28 mA and 15 mA, reducing current density near pain-sensitive structures which may lead to a higher level of patient acceptance, further improving the efficacy. Significance. Computational modeling based on statistically valid neuroanatomical parameters, covering a representative adult population, offers a powerful tool for quantitative comparison of the effect of the position of stimulating electrodes which is otherwise not possible in clinical studies.