bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome sequencing of orofacial cleft trios from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Consortium identifies a new locus on chromosome 21
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Nandita , Bishop Madison , Mortillo Michael , Chopra Pankaj , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Taub Margaret A. , Moreno Lina M. , Valencia-Ramirez Luz Consuelo , Restrepo Claudia , Wehby George L. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Deleyiannis Frederic , Butali Azeez , Weinberg Seth M. , Beaty Terri H. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Feingold Eleanor , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most prevalent craniofacial birth defects worldwide and create a significant public health burden. The majority of OFCs are non-syndromic, and the genetic etiology of non-syndromic OFCs is only partially determined. Here, we analyze whole genome sequence (WGS) data for association with risk of OFCs in European and Colombian families selected from a multicenter family-based OFC study. This is the first large-scale WGS study of OFC in parent–offspring trios, and a part of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program created for the study of childhood cancers and structural birth defects. WGS provides deeper and more specific genetic data than using imputation on present-day single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) marker panels. Genotypes of case–parent trios at single nucleotide variants (SNV) and short insertions and deletions (indels) spanning the entire genome were called from their sequences using human GRCh38 genome assembly, and analyzed for association using the transmission disequilibrium test. Among genome-wide significant associations, we identified a new locus on chromosome 21 in Colombian families, not previously observed in other larger OFC samples of Latin American ancestry. This locus is situated within a region known to be expressed during craniofacial development. Based on deeper investigation of this locus, we concluded that it contributed risk for OFCs exclusively in the Colombians. This study reinforces the ancestry differences seen in the genetic etiology of OFCs, and underscores the need for larger samples when studying for OFCs and other birth defects in populations with diverse ancestry.
Design of a New Peptide Substrate Probe of the Putative Biomarker Legumain with Potential Application in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Ex Vivo
Authors: Mathur Sunil , Turnbull Agnes , Akaev Iolia , Stevens Craig , Agrawal Neerja , Chopra Mridula , Mincher David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe lysosomal endoprotease legumain (asparaginyl endoprotease) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in prostate tumours, in which the enzyme is markedly overexpressed. Overexpression, coupled with highly selective specificity for cleavage of substrates at the C-terminus of asparagine (Asn) residues, make legumain an attractive biochemical target for potential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. We report the design, synthesis, characterisation and preliminary evaluation of a new rhodamine-B (Rho-B)-labelled legumain peptide substrate probe5[Rho-Pro-Ala-Asn-PEG-AQ(4-OH)] and its selective targeting to lysosomes in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Probe5was efficiently activated by recombinant human legumain to afford the high quantum yield reporter fluorophore tripeptide4b(Rho-Pro-Ala-Asn-OH) with concomitant release of intense fluorescence. Furthermore, probe5was activated upon incubation with homogenates derived from fresh-frozen tissue material of prostatectomy specimens. Probe5represents a new viable biochemical tool for probing the activity of legumain with the potential to be used in ex vivo diagnostics in the cancer pathology laboratory.
Partial or total knee replacement? Identifying patients’ information needs on knee replacement surgery: a qualitative study to inform a decision aid
Authors: Smith Stephanie , Alvand Abtin , Locock Louise , Ryan Sara , Smith James , Bayliss Lee , Wilson Hannah , Price Andrew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
For patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis, joint replacement is a widely used and successful operation to help improve quality-of-life when non-operative measures have failed. For a significant proportion of patients there is a choice between a partial or total knee replacement. Decision aids can help people weigh up the need for and benefits of treatment against possible risks and side-effects. This study explored patients’ experiences of deciding to undergo knee replacement surgery to identify information priorities, to inform a knee replacement decision aid.

Methods
Four focus groups were held with 31 patients who were candidates for both partial and total knee replacement surgery. Two focus groups included patients with no prior knee replacement surgery (pre-surgery); two with patients with one knee already replaced and who were candidates for a second surgery on their other knee (post-surgery). Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results
Participants described a process of arriving at ‘readiness for surgery’ a turning point where the need for treatment outweighed their concerns. Referral and personal factors influenced their decision-making and expectations of surgery in the hope to return to a former self. Those with previous knee surgery offered insights into whether their expectations were met. ‘Information for decisions’ details the practicality and the optimal timing for the delivery of a knee replacement decision aid. In particular, participants would have valued hearing about the experiences of other patients and seeing detailed pictures of both surgical options. Information priorities were identified to include in a decision aid for knee replacement surgery.

Conclusions
Patients’ experiences of surgical decision-making have much in common with the Necessity-Concerns Framework. Whilst originally developed to understand drug treatment decisions and adherence, it provides a useful lens to understand decision-making about surgery. The use of a decision aid could enhance decision-making on knee replacement surgery. Ultimately, patients’ understanding of the risks and benefits of both surgical options could be improved and in turn, help informed decision-making. The knee replacement decision aid is perceived as a useful tool to be associated with other detailed information resources as recommended.
Differences between predictive factors for early neurological deterioration due to hemorrhagic and ischemic insults following intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Matsumoto Shoji , Furuta Konosuke , Yamada Takeshi , Nagano Sukehisa , Takase Kei-ichiro , Hatano Taketo , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun-ichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly neurological deterioration (END) following intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment is a serious clinical event that can be caused by hemorrhagic or ischemic insult. We investigated the differences in predictive factors for END due to hemorrhagic and END due to ischemic insults. Consecutive patients from four hospitals who received 0.6 mg/kg intravenous rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively recruited. END was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 4 points within 24 h compared with baseline. END was classified into those due to hemorrhagic (ENDh) or ischemic (ENDi) insult based on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. Risk factors associated with ENDh and ENDi were investigated by comparison with non-END cases. A total of 744 patients (452 men, median 75 years old) were included. END was observed in 79 patients (10.6%), including 22 ENDh (3.0%) and 57 ENDi (7.7%), which occurred within a median of 7 h after treatment. Multivariate analyses showed that higher pretreatment NIHSS score (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.13) and pretreatment with antiplatelets (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.08–7.72) were associated with ENDh. Extensive early ischemic change (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≤ 7 on CT or ≤ 6 on diffusion-weighted imaging; OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.36–5.64) and large artery occlusions (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.53–6.57) were associated with ENDi. Distinct factors were predictive for the END subtypes. These findings could help develop preventative measures for END in patients with the identified risk factors.
What makes mathematical word problem solving challenging? Exploring the roles of word problem characteristics, text comprehension, and arithmetic skills
Authors: Pongsakdi Nonmanut , Kajamies Anu , Veermans Koen , Lertola Kalle , Vauras Marja , Lehtinen Erno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study we investigated word-problem (WP) item characteristics, individual differences in text comprehension and arithmetic skills, and their relations to mathematical WP-solving. The participants were 891 fourth-grade students from elementary schools in Finland. Analyses were conducted in two phases. In the first phase, WP characteristics concerning linguistic and numerical factors and their difficulty level were investigated. In contrast to our expectations, the results did not show a clear connection between WP difficulty level and their other characteristics regarding linguistic and numerical factors. In the second phase, text comprehension and arithmetic skills were used to classify participants into four groups: skilful in text comprehension but poor in arithmetic; poor in text comprehension but skilful in arithmetic; very poor in both skills; very skilful in both skills. The results indicated that WP-solving performance on both easy and difficult items was strongly related to text comprehension and arithmetic skills. In easy items, the students who were poor in text comprehension but skilful in arithmetic performed better than those who were skilful in text comprehension but poor in arithmetic. However, there were no differences between these two groups in WP-solving performance on difficult items, showing that more challenging WPs require both skills from students.
Self-Reported Sleep and Exercise Patterns in Patients with Schizophrenia: a Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Kiwan Nancy , Mahfoud Ziyad , Ghuloum Suhaila , Chamali Rifka , Yehya Arij , Hammoudeh Samer , Hani Yahya , Amro Iman , Al-Amin Hassen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Adequate sleep and physical activity have been linked to the overall well-being of both medical and psychiatric patients. Patients with schizophrenia have shown abnormal sleep patterns and decreased physical activity that were linked to their psychopathology and physical health. These phenomena are not studied yet in Arab patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to study the sleep and exercise patterns in Arab patients with schizophrenia compared with those of healthy controls.

Method
A total of 99 patients with schizophrenia and 101 controls were recruited. Arabic versions of sleep, exercise, socio-demographic, and clinical questionnaires were administered as well as the validated scales to measure psychopathology, depression, and suicidality in these participants.

Results
The majority of patients with schizophrenia slept more than 8 h per day and exercised less when compared with controls. Sleep quality was worse in those with higher depression score and higher suicidality scores were seen in patients with lower sleep duration. Multinomial regression showed that patients with schizophrenia have higher odds of sleeping more than 8 h even after controlling for the intake of antipsychotics, age, gender, smoking status, and other confounding factors.

Conclusion
Our results showed that Arab patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of having longer sleep duration with inadequate physical activity, which are correlating with worsening of depressive symptoms and suicidality. Thus, more attention should be paid to the changes in sleep patterns and level of exercise when treating Arab patients with schizophrenia.
Information Theoretic Model to Simulate Agent-Signage Interaction for Wayfinding
Authors: Dubey Rohit K. , Thrash Tyler , Kapadia Mubbasir , Hoelscher Christoph , Schinazi Victor R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSignage systems are critical for communicating spatial information during wayfinding among a plethora of noise in the environment. A proper signage system can improve wayfinding performance and user experience by reducing the perceived complexity of the environment. However, previous models of sign-based wayfinding do not incorporate realistic noise or quantify the reduction in perceived complexity from the use of signage. Drawing upon concepts from information theory, we propose and validate a new agent-signage interaction model that quantifies available wayfinding information from signs for wayfinding. We conducted two online crowd-sourcing experiments to compute the distribution of a sign’s visibility and an agent’s decision-making confidence as a function of observation angle and viewing distance. We then validated this model using a virtual reality (VR) experiment with trajectories from human participants. The crowd-sourcing experiments provided a distribution of decision-making entropy (conditioned on visibility) that can be applied to any sign/environment. From the VR experiment, a training dataset of 30 trajectories was used to refine our model, and the remaining test dataset of 10 trajectories was compared with agent behavior using dynamic time warping (DTW) distance. The results revealed a reduction of 38.76% in DTW distance between the average trajectories before and after refinement. Our refined agent-signage interaction model provides realistic predictions of human wayfinding behavior using signs. These findings represent a first step towards modeling human wayfinding behavior in complex real environments in a manner that can incorporate several additional random variables (e.g., environment layout).
Grooming behavior and gene expression of the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock
Authors: Morfin Nuria , Given Krispn , Evans Mathew , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Hunt Greg J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the Indiana “mite-biter” honey bee stock, which has been selected for increased mutilation of Varroa destructor mites (“mite biting” behavior). A comparison between colonies of the selected stock and colonies of unselected Italian bees showed that the proportion of mutilated mites, the severity of mutilations, and winter colony survival were higher in Indiana mite-biter colonies. Additionally, the number of fallen mites and the rate of mite population growth were lower in the colonies of the selected genotype than in those of the unselected genotype. The expression of a gene associated with grooming behavior, AmNrx-1 (neurexin), was significantly higher in the selected stock. Moreover, AmNrx-1 expression was positively correlated with the proportion of mutilated mites but not with mite population growth. AmNrx-1 may have the potential to be used for marker-assisted selection. This study provides evidence that selection for mite-biting behavior reduces V. destructor infestations, increases colony survival and increases the expression of a grooming behavior–associated gene.
Investigation of carbon monoxide gas adsorption on the Al2O3/Pd(NO3)2/zeolite composite film
Authors: Mozaffari Nastaran , Haji Seyed Mirzahosseini Alireza , Sari Amir Hossein , Fekri Aval Leila 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, Al2O3/Pd(NO3)2/zeolite composite films have been fabricated by roll coating method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The gas adsorption was tested in an experimental setup by a continuous gas analyzer KIMO KIGAZ 210 at constant temperature and pressure (32 °C and 1.5 bar) and as a function of reaction time (s). The inlet CO gas concentration was 150 mg L−1, and the saturation level of CO gas concentration was 5 mg L−1. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) and maximum adsorption efficiency (%) were calculated as 111.16 mg g−1 and 97%, respectively. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were investigated to kinetic study of CO adsorption on Al2O3/Pd(NO3)2/zeolite adsorbents. Results indicated that CO adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order model well according to regression coefficient value (R2 = 0.98), and the value of pseudo-second-order rate constant of adsorption was obtained as 2 × 10−5 g mg−1 s−1. According to the intra-particle diffusion model, adsorption is affected by only one process. So, adsorption of CO by Al2O3/Pd(NO3)2/zeolite adsorbent indicated an effective adsorption by obtained results.
Vanguards of globalization: Organization and political action among America's pro-trade firms
Authors: Osgood Iain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper identifies recurrent patterns in the political activity of American corporations that support trade. These firms have made public coalitions a central element of their pro-trade activities, and their collective efforts vastly outstrip those of trade's corporate opponents. This superiority in organization is paired with dramatically greater volumes of lobbying and campaign contributions. I explain these striking divergences by integrating collective action theory into a firm-centred model of trade politics: the heavy concentration of gains from trade among a small number of firms makes both individual and collective political action easier for pro-trade firms than for producers opposed to trade. This explanation is supported in panel analysis of firms’ participation in pro-trade coalitions, which shows that size, multinationality, and heterogeneity in global networks of production and sales drive participation in pro-trade groups. Globally engaged firms have supported trade by matching pro-trade preferences with highly organized political action.
Rethinking Measures of Mergers & Acquisitions Deal Premiums
Authors: Eaton Gregory W. , Liu Tingting , Officer Micah S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany academic studies use fixed preannouncement event days (e.g., -20,-42, or -63) to measure takeover premiums. In this paper, we show that the use of traditional fixed windows generates premiums that are underestimated by as much as 8 percentage points. This downward bias is especially severe for transactions with long processes (e.g., target-initiated deals). We take account of this bias by hand collecting deal initiation dates and show that using these dates results in measured premiums that give contradictory conclusions to those found in existing literature. We also offer guidance for measuring premiums if hand collecting data is impractical.
New insights into Sulawesi's apex predator: the Sulawesi civet Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
Authors: Hunowu Iwan , Patandung Alfons , Pusparini Wulan , Danismend Isabel , Cahyana Andi , Abdullah Syahril , Johnson Caspian L. , Hilser Harry , Rahasia Rivo , Gawina Jenly , Linkie Matthew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Sulawesi civet Macrogalidia musschenbroekii is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, where it is the largest mammalian predator. Limited field data means that little is known about the species’ distribution, habitat preferences, conservation status and needs, but it is believed to depend on primary forest. We conducted camera-trap surveys across the forests of North Sulawesi, including in two of its main protected areas: Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park and Tangkoko Nature Reserve. From 148 camera trap stations and 10,371 trap nights, Sulawesi civets were recorded 17 times at 12 stations, and in almost equal numbers in primary forest, secondary forest and farmland, including the first photographic records from both the National Park and Nature Reserve. We also collected data on the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga, an introduced species of Viverridae and potential competitor. Our records (n = 21) revealed that it is established in secondary forest; it only co-occurred twice with the Sulawesi civet. With a lapse of > 20 years since the last field record of the Sulawesi civet, our findings offer new insight into its status and new enthusiasm within the provincial government for its conservation, which has led to an extension of camera-trap research into neighbouring Gorontalo province.
How do bilingual dyslexic and typically developing children perform in nonword repetition? Evidence from a study on Italian L2 children
Authors: Vender Maria , Delfitto Denis , Melloni Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonword repetition is typically impaired in dyslexia. Conversely, native-like performance is early achieved by bilingual children whose second language has a simple phonotactic system, like Italian. Our study aimed at comparing the performance of monolingual and bilingual children with and without dyslexia in a nonword repetition task modeled after Italian. We assessed nonword repetition in 111 school-aged children: 24 Italian L2 bilingual dyslexics, 24 Italian monolingual dyslexics, 30 Italian L2 bilingual controls and 33 Italian monolingual controls. We administered an original task composed of 40 nonwords ranging from two to five syllables; the complexity of the syllables was also manipulated. Results showed that both groups of dyslexics underperformed controls at each syllable length. No differences were found between monolingual and bilingual controls. Conversely, bilingual dyslexics underperformed monolingual dyslexics only with four-syllable nonwords. The possible use of nonword repetition tasks to assist in the identification of dyslexia in bilingual children is also discussed.
RACE, NATIVITY, AND MULTICULTURAL EXCLUSION
Authors: Thornton E. Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the exclusion of Afro-Mauritians (or Creoles) in Mauritian multiculturalism. Although Creoles represent nearly thirty percent of the population, they are the only major group not officially recognized in the Mauritian Constitution (unlike Hindus, Muslims, and the Chinese) and they experience uniquely high levels of socioeconomic and political marginalization despite the country’s decades-long policy of official multiculturalism. While scholarship on multiculturalism and nation-building in plural societies might explain the exclusion of Creoles as a breakdown in the forging of political community in postcolonial Mauritius, I build on these theories by focusing on the tension between diaspora and nativity evident in Mauritian public discourse. Using the politics of language policy as a case study, I examine why theKreollanguage in Mauritius—the ancestral language of Creoles and mother tongue of the majority of Mauritians—was consistently rejected for inclusion in language policy until recently (unlike Hindi, Urdu, and other ethnic languages). In my analysis of public policy discourse, I map how Creole ethnic activists negotiatedKreol’sinclusion in multiculturalism and highlight their constraints. This analysis shows that through multiculturalism, non-Creole political actors have createdethniccategories of inclusion while reciprocally denotingracially-excluded others defined by their lack of diasporic cultural value. I argue that groups claiming diasporic cultural connections are privileged as “ethnics” deemed worthy of multicultural inclusion, while those with ancestral connections more natively-bound to the local territory (such as Creoles, as a post-slavery population) are deemed problematic, culturally dis-recognized, and racialized as “the Other” because their nativity gives them a platform from which to lay territorial counter-claims to the nation.