bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Order and State Violence
Authors: Lambert Tom 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe corpus of law texts surviving from tenth-century England reveals a society that sought to maintain public order without anything resembling a police force. Rather than envisioning order as the product of state coercion, the kingdom’s upper-elite legislators understood society to attend to its own ordering on a local scale through a mix of individual action and communal self-regulation. This tenth-century idealized legal order is unlikely to hold much appeal today; it combined alarmingly libertarian assumptions about the legitimacy of lethal male violence with a harshly punitive communitarian approach to theft, involving both routinized execution and theft-prevention measures that intruded heavily on the lives of the ordinary people. Yet there is much to suggest that this vision of order was rarely realized, and that communal control meant this culture’s cruel fantasies of retributive justice often ended up yielding in the face of the more humane sentiments embedded in local interpersonal networks.
The Coercive Function of Early Medieval English Art
Authors: Fidler Luke A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines the spectacular representation of confinement in early medieval English sculpture in the context of poems, sermons, and translations. By identifying a series of features that early medieval spectators would have paid special attention to, it shows that sculptors used imprisoned and fugitive figures to craft a discourse about power in the absence of both a strong state and a regime of punitive incarceration. Compelling pictures of prisoners and verbal images of captivity flourished as a kind of carceral imaginary in the public landscape before the carceral state’s rise, as well as licensing forms of community policing in which early medieval subjects were required to participate. As such, these sculptures model a relationship between art and coercive power predicated on historically specific expectations about sculpture’s capacity to instruct and surveil.
Property’s Guardians, People’s Terror
Authors: Singh Gagan Preet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores why victims of cattle theft in colonial north India avoided the police and courts, whose very purpose was to apprehend thieves and to restore stolen property. Throughout colonial rule, victims recovered stolen cattle themselves and with the help of khojis (trackers) and panchayat (indigenous systems). From the mid-nineteenth century onward, however, the British colonial government introduced criminal laws, like the Indian Penal Code and the Indian Evidence Act, and relied on colonial police to enforce those laws. These colonial laws and policing systems proved not only highly ineffective at dealing with theft, worsening the plight of victims while protecting thieves, but they also eroded the authority of indigenous institutions. By revisiting an important case, the Karnal Cattle Lifting Case (1913), the article shows how the institution of colonial police and courts oppressed rural Indian people and how and why Indian people, in turn, avoided colonial justice systems.
Beyond the “Pine Pig”
Authors: Beauchamp Toby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article shows how the US national park ranger comes to function simultaneously as friendly, educational caretaker and as policing authority forged through and upholding state violence. It argues that long-standing government and popular discourse distinguishing rangers from “real” police naturalizes and actively supports the ranger’s authoritative role in hierarchies of power. This framework further obscures the violent mechanisms of social and environmental control that underwrite the national parks as such. At the same time, however, the article suggests that persistent efforts to distinguish rangers from law enforcement create an opportunity to practice collaborative and anti-authoritarian forms of protection.
Prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in the temporomandibular joint in patients with chondrocalcinosis of the knee or wrist
Authors: Willekens Inneke , Fares Abdallah , Devos Hannes , Shahabpour Maryam , Lenchik Leon , Buls Nico , De Maeseneer Michel 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TMJ chondrocalcinosis on head CT scans in patients with chondrocalcinosis of the knee or wrist. Methods and materials: 227 patients with radiological evidence of calcifications on knee or wrist radiographs had a head CT scan obtained for unrelated purposes. CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of temporomandibular crystal deposition. Prevalence, bilaterality, age and gender distribution were determined. Results: 41 of 227 (18%) of patients had TMJ chondrocalcinosis. TMJ chondrocalcinosis was more common in females (17%) than males (1%). It was more commonly unilateral (68%) than bilateral (32%). Conclusion: In patients with peripheral calcific disease, the TMJ is more commonly involved than previously reported and this is more common in females compared to males.
Anxiety in patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker aged > 60 years old
Authors: Vasileiou Stella , Iordani Moschoula Mina , Martinis Illias , Nikitopoulou Alexandra , Sakiqi Jona , Sekeroglou Eleni , Tsampoula Ilianna , Dousis Evangelos 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: A cardiac pacemaker is a small implanted device to control abnormal heart rhythms. According to estimates, 3 million individuals worldwide live with an implanted permanent pacemaker (PPM) while about 600 thousand pacemakers are implanted, annually.Purpose: to explore anxiety of pacemaker recipients as well as all the associated demographic and self-reported characteristics.Material and Method: 100 outpatients with PPM were enrolled in the study. Collection of data was performed by the completion of the “Self-rating Anxiety Scale Zung (SAS)” which included patients' characteristics. Results: From the 100 participants 65% were men, 66% were >70 years old, 60% married, 50,5% of primary education and 90% lived in Attica. In terms of anxiety, 50% of recipients scored less than 48 on SAS scale (wide of range: 20-80) indicating mild to low levels of anxiety. Regarding associated factors, anxiety was found to be statistically significantly associated with gender (p=<0,001), understanding of provided information (p=<0,001), understanding of precautions in electromagnetic fields (p=0,021), desire for more frequent and long term follow-up and devise assessment (p=<0,001 and p=<0,001, respectively).Conclusions: Though pacemaker is an opportunity to prolong survival, however systematic assessment of anxiety and all the associated factors is considered to be of primary importance in clinical pacemaker settings.
Elaboração, validação e reprodutibilidade de um questionário de frequência alimentar para hipertensos e/ou diabéticos
Authors: Ataide-Silva Thays , Padilha Catherine Cavalcanti , Amorim Cruz Michele Ferro de , Santos Ewerton Amorim dos , Vasconcelos Sandra Mary Lima 
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo elaborar e avaliar a validade e a reprodutibilidade de um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) para hipertensos e/ou diabéticos do município de Maceió-AL, Brasil. Métodos: O QFA foi elaborado a partir de 1.603 inquéritos dietéticos recordatórios de 24 h (IDR24H). Para avaliar a validade e a reprodutibilidade do QFA aplicaram-se, em uma amostra de 40 indivíduos, três QFAS e três IDR24H concomitantemente e com intervalo máximo de 45 dias entre as aplicações. A validade foi avaliada por meio dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson (CCP) ou de Spearman (CCS) entre o QFA 1, 2 e 3, e a média dos 3IDR24H, adotando-se o IDR24H como padrão de referência; e a reprodutibilidade, por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) entre os QFAs. Resultados: Quanto à validade, os CCP ou CCS atingiram os valores recomendados entre 0,4 e 0,7 para energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e sódio para as aplicações 1 e 2 do QFA (validade satisfatória); e para os demais nutrientes, CCP < 0,4. Quanto à reprodutibilidade, todos os nutrientes estudados apresentaram CCI dentro dos valores recomendados, exceto potássio entre QFA1 e QFA3 (CCI = 0,28). Conclusão: O QFA elaborado e avaliado neste estudo constitui um bom instrumento de avaliação de consumo alimentar para avaliação de energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e sódio para hipertensos e/ou diabéticos, podendo fornecer informações importantes para estudos de epidemiologia nutricional neste público-alvo.
Musculo-skeletal problems of the hand in haemophilia
Authors: Bravo Elena , Barco Raul , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: June 2020

Musculo-skeletal complications of the hand in the haemophilia patient are rare, and they include synovitis, arthropathy, pseudotumours, carpal tunnel syndrome and vascular aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. The best way to prevent the aforementioned musculo-skeletal complications is early continuous haematological primary prophylaxis (intravenous infusion of the deficient coagulation factor, ideally from cradle to death). There is a wide range of procedures that a hand surgeon treating these patients should be able to manage, including synovectomy, prosthetic replacement of small joints, removal or curettage of pseudotumours, release of carpal tunnel and, occasionally, vascular reconstruction of aneurysms. The treatment of these patients should be made at an institution with close collaboration between haematologists and hand surgeons (all surgical procedures must always be performed under cover of the deficient coagulation factor).Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:328-333. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190078
Prognostic factors in ankle sprains: a review
Authors: Ferreira José Nuno , Vide João , Mendes Daniel , Protásio João , Viegas Rui , Sousa Manuel Resende 
Published: June 2020

Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, being the most frequent musculoskeletal trauma among athletes. Most of these injuries are successfully treated conservatively; however, up to 70% of patients can develop long-lasting symptoms. Therefore, understanding prognostic factors for an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and choose the right treatment. A suggested approach will be presented in order to positively identify the factors that should warrant a more aggressive attitude in the initial conservative treatment. There are some prognostic factors linked to a better recovery and outcome; nevertheless, prognostic factors for full recovery after initial ankle sprain are not consistent. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:334-338. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200019
From past to present: children’s exposure of intimate partner violence and subsequent experience of IPV in adulthood among women
Authors: Chernyak Elena , Ceresola Ryan , Herrold Morgan 
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research is to analyse the prevalence of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in ten developing countries in four regions as identified by the Demographics and Health Survey (DHS): Sub-Saharan Africa with Mali and Nigeria; North Africa/West Asia with Egypt and Jordan; South and Southeast Asia with Cambodia, Pakistan and the Philippines; and Latin America and the Caribbean with Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Peru. These countries are all tested with one primary research question: whether witnessing physical IPV in family-of-origin is associated with women’s experience of physical IPV in adulthood. Past research has shown reason to believe witnessing parental violence is a significant risk factor in IPV in many nations, but the influence of IPV in these developing countries has not been examined.
The results indicate that having witnessed physical IPV in one’s family-of-origin significantly increases the likelihood of experiencing later physical abuse, for respondents in all countries. By controlling for other factors, this finding provides robust support for the intergenerational transmission of violence theory, which explains the link between interparental aggression and physical IPV in subsequent relationships as a result of learned models of behaviour observed in childhood. Implications of this research for developing countries are also discussed.
All-optical logic gates using dielectric-loaded waveguides with quasi-rhombus metasurfaces
Authors: Yao Chaonan , Kotb Amer , Wang Bin , Singh Subhash C. , Guo Chunlei 
Published: June 2020

Nanostructure and nanoantenna-based all-optical (AO) devices have attracted significant research interests in recent years due to their small size, high information capacity, ultrafast processing, low power consumption, and overall practicality. Here, in this Letter, we propose a novel metasurface having quasi-rhombus-shaped antennas to modulate optical modes in a dielectric-loaded waveguide for the realization of a complete family of logic gates including NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. These logic operations are realized using destructive and constructive interferences between the input optical signals. The high contrast ratios of about 33.39, 27.69, and 33.11 dB are achieved for the NAND, NOR, and XNOR logic gates, respectively, with the speed as high as 108 Gb/s.
Mueller matrix ellipsometer using dual continuously rotating anisotropic mirrors
Authors: Ruder Alexander , Wright Brandon , Peev Darin , Feder Rene , Kilic Ufuk , Hilfiker Matthew , Schubert Eva , Herzinger Craig M. , Schubert Mathias 
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate calibration and operation of a single wavelength (660 nm) Mueller matrix ellipsometer in normal transmission configuration using dual continuously rotating anisotropic mirrors. The mirrors contain highly spatially coherent nanostructure slanted columnar titanium thin films deposited onto optically thick gold layers on glass substrates. Upon rotation around the mirror normal axis, sufficient modulation of the Stokes parameters of light reflected at oblique angle of incidence is achieved. Thereby, the mirrors can be used as a polarization state generator and polarization state analyzer in a generalized ellipsometry instrument. A Fourier expansion approach is found sufficient to render and calibrate the effects of the mirror rotations onto the polarized light train within the ellipsometer. The Mueller matrix elements of a set of anisotropic samples consisting of a linear polarizer and a linear retarder are measured and compared with model data, and very good agreement is observed.
How Teaching Affects Student Attitudes towards the Environment and Sustainability in Higher Education: An Instructors’ Perspective
Authors: Misseyanni Anastasia , Marouli Christina , Papadopoulou Paraskevi 
Published: June 2020

In the rapidly changing, 21st century globalized world, with increasing environmental pressures and challenges, education for the environment and sustainability is a priority at all levels; from kindergarten to higher education. It is the education that will create the environmentally aware and socially responsible individuals, capable of addressing existing and future environmental challenges. Courses on the environment and/or sustainability are now an essential element of all Higher Education Institutions with a sustainability vision. But, does teaching about the environment and sustainability lead to a change in student attitudes? What teaching and learning methods seem to have a more significant effect on attitudes and behaviors and what are the challenges for instructors? In this study, instructors reflect on which educational methods seem most effective in promoting change in student attitudes and behaviors towards the environment and sustainability. This reflection is based on instructor experiences from selected courses or course activities (learning objects) and it focuses on the goals, teaching methods and effect on student learning and attitudes; changes in student attitudes in the course of the last years are also discussed. Suggestions are offered and implications for higher education institutions are outlined. Keywords: education for the environment, education for sustainability, higher education, active learning, student behaviors, emotional engagement
Water-Education as a Promoter of Education for Sustainable Development: Three Studies in Portuguese-Speaking African Countries
Authors: Leitão Mafalda Franco , Cunha Albino , Ferreira Manuela Malheiro 
Published: June 2020

The present study is based on research in teacher self-training in Education for Sustainable Development (Leitão, 2012). Water was the motivating theme. The priority of a fair distribution of water, guaranteeing the consumption, in quality and quantity, to all mankind and living beings is urgent. To respond to water-related sustainability challenges, people worldwide need to acquire "water literacy" about various aspects of water use and management in order to ensure safer water consumption and to contribute to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Three case studies were carried out in schools in three African countries: Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. A model of skills in education for sustainable development was applied (Sleurs, 2008). From the analysis of these case studies the theoretical assumptions of research were strengthened by the effective professional practice. But, on contrary, the results that the pillars of sustainable development presented in the basic research should be reviewed, placing the political dimension as transversal, thus strengthening education for sustainable development as fundamental for critical and responsible citizens of the present and of the future. This experience paves the way for future water-education and education for sustainable development projects; such as the follow-up of these three schools. Keywords: Sustainable Development; Education for Sustainable Development; Water-education and Water Literacy; Case Study
Methodology for Assessing the Harmony of Economic Relations Between Participants of the Agrofood Market
Authors: Kravchenko Olha , Kucher Anatolii , Yanchuk Tetiana , Stavska Yuliia 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the paper is to summarize the principles of harmonization of economic relations between participants of the agrofood market of Ukraine, in particular, the livestock products market, and to create a system of criteria for socio-ecological and economic assessment of the level of harmony of these relations with adherence to the principle of inclusivity. The results of a systematic review convincingly show that the basic principles of harmonization of economic relations between the livestock market participants shall be as follows: the principle of inclusivity, maximizing the mutual benefit of all parties to relationship, the consistency of their economic interests (or the principle of consensus), the principle of systematization, controllability, social fairness, openness and scientific validity. With the help of three indicator systems, namely: (1) criteria for assessing the socio-economic conditions of the livestock market entities, (2) criteria for assessing the development effectiveness and efficiency of the specified market entities, (3) criteria for assessing the harmonious relations of agricultural producers with other participants in relations on the product market animal husbandry, it is possible to systematically explore the economic environment in which modern economic relations between the livestock production market participants are formed, developed and transformed, and to find mechanisms for harmonizing such relations. Key words: economic relations, sustainable development, agrarian policy, harmonization, livestock products market, inclusivity, agrofood sector, Ukraine
Conceptual Principles of Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Karpan Iryna , Chernikova Nataliia , Motuz Tetiana , Bratanich Boris , Lysokolenko Tetiana 
Published: June 2020

Education has an important place in transitional strategy of society to sustainable development that is proved by many international acts. In the outlines of modern approaches, education for sustainable development is characterized as innovative concept of changes to educational activity, as mechanism of realization of strategy of sustainable development, as instrument of modernization of educational practice, as one of the basis of modern educational quality and continuity standards. National system of global aims for consolidation of society of sustainable development with an accent on the significance of educational matter was created in Ukraine. Education for sustainable development is characterized by being part to structure creating social institutes of modern society, transversality, subjective direction, integrativity, forward-looking character. This vector of education research is same with global man’s intentions of civilization development – increase in human’s value in all spheres of life, developing of democratic management, constructive cooperation and communication, etc. Among multidimensional potential of researched phenomenon the most practical value has environmental education. As for today, environmental education is a practical mechanism of transformation of educational system on the principles of sustainable development. Environmental education is seen as an instrument for systematic formation of man’s basic attributes for being part of education for sustainable development field – critical thinking, environmental worldview, subjective-value approach to environment, eco-cultural values. Cumulative result of environmental education is formation of environmental culture. Key words: education, sustainable development, environment, ecology, synergetic, culture, humanism.
Transformationen. Beobachtungen zur Situation des Religionsunterrichts
Authors: Saß Marcell 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Religious education is also considerably affected by the current social transformation processes, which appear to be epochal, and is under pressure - varying from region to region. The article analyses this connection under the keywords differentiation, digitisation, diversity and dialogue and offers a brief outlook on future questions of religious education teacher education as well as on international contexts.
Od skromnego świadka do wiedzy usytuowanej. O pożytkach z feministycznych badań nad nauką&nbsp;i&nbsp;technologią
Authors: Derra Aleksandra 
Published: June 2020

Idea skromnego świadka (modest witness) wyrasta z tradycji traktowania wiedzy naukowej jako racjonalnej, empirycznej i obiektywnej uprawianej przez bezstronnego badacza. W artykule przedstawiam korzyści z przeformułowania powyższego rozumienia wiedzy i przyjęcia rozwijanej w feministycznych badaniach nad nauką i technologią idei wiedzy usytuowanej (zob. prace Donny Haraway). Zgodnie z tą ideą jesteśmy zdolni do zdobywania wiedzy jedynie z określonego, w tym także przez wartości i narzędzia, punktu widzenia, zaś powstała wiedza przekształca zarówno podmiot poznający, jak i przedmiot badany. Wiedza usytuowana, odżegnując się od redukcjonistycznego empiryzmu naukowego, oderwanego od uwikłania ekonomicznego, technologicznego czy politycznego, pozwala na uzyskanie szerszej i pełniejszej wiedzy oraz realizowanie praktyk naukowych o zdecydowanie bardziej egalitarnym i inkluzywnym charakterze.