bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental‐scale dynamics of avian influenza in U.S. waterfowl are driven by demography, migration, and temperature
Authors: Gorsich Erin E. , Webb Colleen T. , Merton Andrew A. , Hoeting Jennifer A. , Miller Ryan S. , Farnsworth Matthew L. , Swafford Seth R. , DeLiberto Thomas J. , Pedersen Kerri , Franklin Alan B. , McLean Robert G. , Wilson Kenneth R. , Doherty Paul F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging diseases of wildlife origin are increasingly spilling over into humans and domestic animals. Surveillance and risk assessments for transmission between these populations are informed by a mechanistic understanding of the pathogens in wildlife reservoirs. For avian influenza viruses (AIV), much observational and experimental work in wildlife has been conducted at local scales, yet fully understanding their spread and distribution requires assessing the mechanisms acting at both local, (e.g., intrinsic epidemic dynamics), and continental scales, (e.g., long‐distance migration). Here, we combined a large, continental‐scale data set on low pathogenic, Type A AIV in the United States with a novel network‐based application of bird banding/recovery data to investigate the migration‐based drivers of AIV and their relative importance compared to well‐characterized local drivers (e.g., demography, environmental persistence). We compared among regression models reflecting hypothesized ecological processes and evaluated their ability to predict AIV in space and time using within and out‐of‐sample validation. We found that predictors of AIV were associated with multiple mechanisms at local and continental scales. Hypotheses characterizing local epidemic dynamics were strongly supported, with age, the age‐specific aggregation of migratory birds in an area and temperature being the best predictors of infection. Hypotheses defining larger, network‐based features of the migration processes, such as clustering or between‐cluster mixing explained less variation but were also supported. Therefore, our results support a role for local processes in driving the continental distribution of AIV.
Keystone predation: trait‐based or driven by extrinsic processes? Assessment using a comparative‐experimental approach
Authors: Menge Bruce A. , Foley Melissa M. , Robart Matthew J. , Richmond Erin , Noble Mae , Chan Francis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKeystone predation can be a determinant of community structure, including species diversity, but factors underlying “keystoneness” have been minimally explored. Using the system in which the original keystone, the sea star Pisaster ochraceus, was discovered, we focused on two potential (but overlapping) determinants of keystoneness: intrinsic traits or state variables of the species (e.g., size, density), and extrinsic environmental parameters (e.g., prey productivity) that may provide conditions favorable for keystone predator evolution. Using a comparative‐experimental approach, with repeated field experiments at multiple sites across a variable coastal environment, we tested predation rates, or how quickly predators consumed prey, and predation effects, or community response to predator presence or absence. We tested five hypotheses: (H1) predation rates and effects will vary in space but not time; (H2) per population predation rates will vary primarily with individual traits and population variables; (HJHH3) per capita predation rates will vary only with individual traits; (H4) predation effects will vary with traits, variables, and external drivers; and (H5) as predicted by the keystone predation hypothesis, diversity will vary unimodally with predation pressure. As hypothesized, predation rates differed among sites but not over time (H1), and in caging exclusion experiments, predation effect varied with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (H4). Unexpectedly, predation rates varied with both intrinsic and extrinsic (H2, per population), or only with extrinsic (H3, per capita) factors. Further, in large‐plot exclusion experiments, predation effect was most closely associated with individual traits (contra H4). Finally, taxon diversity varied unimodally with proxies of predation pressure (sessile prey abundance) and was sensitive to extrinsic factors (mussel growth, temperature, and upwelling, H5). Hence, keystoneness depended on predator individual traits, predator population variables, and environmental parameters. However, temporal differences in caging experiments suggested that environmental characteristics underlying prey dynamics may be preeminent. Compared to prior experiments, predation was weaker with low prey input compared to periods with high prey input. Collectively, our results suggest that keystone predator evolution depends on the coalescence of species‐specific characteristics, and environmental parameters favoring high prey productivity. Our approach may be a model for future studies exploring the generality of keystoneness.
Parasite intensity and the evolution of migratory behavior
Authors: Balstad Laurinne J. , Binning Sandra A. , Craft Meggan E. , Zuk Marlene , Shaw Allison K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMigration can allow individuals to escape parasite infection, which can lead to a lower infection probability (prevalence) in a population and/or fewer parasites per individual (intensity). Because individuals with more parasites often have lower survival and/or fecundity, infection intensity shapes the life‐history trade‐offs determining when migration is favored as a strategy to escape infection. Yet, most theory relies on susceptible‐infected (SI) modeling frameworks, defining individuals as either healthy or infected, ignoring details of infection intensity. Here, we develop a novel modeling approach that captures infection intensity as a spectrum, and ask under what conditions migration evolves as function of how infection intensity changes over time. We show that relative timescales of migration and infection accumulation determine when migration is favored. We also find that population‐level heterogeneity in infection intensity can lead to partial migration, where less‐infected individuals migrate while more infected individuals remain resident. Our model is one of the first to consider how infection intensity can lead to migration. Our results frame migratory escape in light of infection intensity rather than prevalence, thus demonstrating that decreased infection intensity should be considered a benefit of migration, alongside other typical drivers of migration.
Reduced magnitude and shifted seasonality of CO2 sink by experimental warming in a coastal wetland
Authors: Sun Baoyu , Yan Liming , Jiang Ming , Li Xinge , Han Guangxuan , Xia Jianyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoastal wetlands have the highest carbon sequestration rate per unit area among all unmanaged natural ecosystems. However, how the magnitude and seasonality of the CO2 sink in coastal wetlands will respond to future climate warming remains unclear. Here, based on measurements of ecosystem CO2 fluxes in a field experiment in the Yellow River Delta, we found that experimental warming (i.e., a 2.4°C increase in soil temperature) reduced net ecosystem productivity (NEP) by 23.7% across two growing seasons of 2017–2018. Such a reduction in NEP resulted from the greater decrease in gross primary productivity (GPP) than ecosystem respiration (ER) under warming. The negative warming effect on NEP mainly occurred in summer (−43.9%) but not in autumn (+61.3%), leading to a shifted NEP seasonality under warming. Further analyses showed that the warming effects on ecosystem CO2 exchange were mainly controlled by soil salinity and its corresponding impacts on species composition. For example, warming increased soil salinity (+35.0%), reduced total aboveground biomass (−9.9%), and benefited the growth of plant species with high salt tolerance and late peak growth. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence on the reduced magnitude and shifted seasonality of CO2 exchange under climate warming in coastal wetlands. These findings underscore the high vulnerability of wetland CO2 sink in coastal regions under future climate change.
Precast concrete spreader‐walls to improve the reparability of RC frame buildings
Authors: Smith Joel W. , Sullivan Timothy J. , Nascimbene R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent earthquakes have demonstrated that reinforced concrete (RC) frames, which form a beam‐sway mechanism, sustain damage to beams and floors that can be particularly difficult and costly to repair. This paper proposes a new structural system, which combines RC frames with precast concrete spreader‐walls. The spreader‐walls are fixed to frames with connections that allow them to pivot and are carefully arranged so that they distribute seismic deformation demands over the building height. This in turn allows the designer to force plastic hinges to occur at column ends without the risk of a soft‐story mechanism forming and without costly damage to beams and floors. Nonlinear time history analyses of two sets of 4‐, 8‐, and 12‐story buildings are conducted with and without the spreader‐walls. The analyses show that the system behaves as intended and has the potential to enhance the reparability of RC frame structures. To this end, experimental research is recommended to ensure that the proposed connection details behave as desired prior to their implementation in practice.
Can You Fish in a Pandemic? An Overview of Recreational Fishing Management Policies in North America During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Paradis Yves , Bernatchez Simon , Lapointe Dominique , Cooke Steven J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Facing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, government agencies had to quickly react and provide guidelines for outdoor activities such as recreational fishing. Here we review information provided by provincial and state natural resource management agencies in North America during the March–April 2020 period to collate freshwater fishing regulations implemented during the pandemic. Among the 63 jurisdictions for which information was collected, 92% of jurisdictions kept the recreational fishing season open, asking anglers to practice social distancing at all times. Although recreational fishing was open in most jurisdictions, specific measures for anglers and for the fishing industry (e.g., fishing guides) were enforced to comply with public health rules. Some management agencies altered stocking practices, restricted fishing by non-residents, withdrew permits for competitive angling events, and instituted restrictions on the charter and guide industry. This overview of fishing regulations in North America in the context of a major pandemic provides fisheries managers a portrait of some measures taken by other jurisdictions.
A preliminary study on the quality of street vended foods around a university in Kunming, China
Authors: Zhang Xuechun , Li Yunqian , Sun Jian , Kan Huan , Wang Zhenxing , Xiang Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe street vended foods (SVF) are very popular in China, particularly in highly adolescents populated regions such as schools. Food quality is a critical global issue, but there are few studies describe the quality assessment of SVF. In this study, the quality of SVF around a university in Kunming was evaluated, including the microbial quality, proximate composition, oil quality, and heavy metal content. Microbial results showed that the aerobic plate count (APC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts ranged from 1.94 to 7.43 log CFU/g or ml, and 0.53 to 1.48 log CFU/g or ml, respectively. A portion of fried snack samples exceed the standard limit of acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV), and the same result was observed in carbonyl group value (CGV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, viscosity, and conductivity. The proximate composition of the fried snack samples varied widely, while the fat content was generally higher. The heavy metal analysis showed most samples met the safety standards, with the content of 12–51, 1–19, 12–73, and 11–88 μg/kg for As, Hg, Cd, and Pb, respectively. In conclusion, although the overall results of this study were satisfying, more attention should be given to the quality of SVF. Consequently, there is a need for additional measures to protect consumers, particularly young adults in college, from foodborne disease.
Feeding practice, energy, and nutrient intake adequacy among children aged 6–23 months in Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Feyisa Beshadu Bedada , Tefera Gosaye Mekonen , Endris Bilal Shukur , Asayehu Tamene Taye , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter 6 months, children require increased food and nutrient intake from complementary food for their growth and development. However, quantitative data on macro and micronutrient intakes from complementary food is limited. Thus, this study is designed to identify the adequacy of energy and micronutrient intake from complementary foods among children aged 6–23 months and to characterize current feeding practice in Southern Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from February to March 2016. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 190 mothers/primary caregivers of children aged 6–23 months. A repeated interactive multiple‐pass 24‐hr recall survey was used to assess' food and nutrient intake of children. Complementary food was low in animal sources, fruits, and vegetables. Most of the children (94.7%) consume grain, roots, and tubers. Vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables are consumed by 71 (37.8%) children. Very few (1.6%) children consume iron‐fortified food. Median protein intake exceeds the estimated requirement from complementary food. Except for vitamin B2 and B6, intake of energy and micronutrient were below world health organization (WHO) recommendations among children aged 9–23 months. In conclusion, infant and young child feeding practices in Butajira district did not conform to recommendations. Intake of energy and micronutrient from complementary food among children aged 6–23 months in Butajira district was inadequate. Consumption of a diverse diet by including animal source food (ASF) such as poultry, organ meat, chicken liver, beef, fruits, and vegetables is needed to fill the nutrient intake gap among the study participant.
Not All Regional Public Universities Strive for Prestige: Examining and Strengthening Mission‐Centeredness Within a Vital Sector
Authors: Orphan Cecilia M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA dominant narrative exists that all regional public universities (RPUs) are striving for prestige and, if given the chance, would readily abandon their missions of facilitating educational access for marginalized students and increase admissions selectivity to privilege elite students. As a result of this dominant narrative, RPUs are largely depicted as being unsure of and uncommitted to their missions. This chapter tests this dominant narrative by examining research and media reporting about the sector. The chapter argues that some indicators of prestige‐seeking have been inappropriately applied to RPUs and that assumptions have been made about the entire sector based on the behaviors of a few institutions. Research demonstrating far more mission‐centeredness in the sector than the dominant narrative suggests is also shared. The chapter concludes with recommendations for policymakers, the media, and RPU administrators to help them counter the dominant narrative while strengthening the sector's mission‐centeredness.
A Well in the Desert: Regional Public Universities as Teaching‐Supportive Institutions
Authors: Campbell Corbin M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTeaching quality is a crucial, yet under‐valued, component of a quality institution. This study draws upon a multi‐institutional study of college teaching, the College Educational Quality (CEQ) study to examine the teaching practices and the culture of support for teaching at one Regional Public University that was included in the broader CEQ study. Through faculty surveys, student surveys, and classroom observations of forty‐one courses, this study found that the Regional Public Universities (RPUs) demonstrated characteristics of a Teaching‐Supportive Institution. In particular, faculty reported a high motivation for teaching, peer faculty support for teaching, and institutional reward structures that focus on teaching. At the same time, faculty were less likely to report engaging in specific teaching development experiences. The conclusion of this chapter discusses implications for RPUs and the faculty who teach at RPUs.
Outpacing Expectations: Battling the Misconceptions of Regional Public Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Commodore Felecia , Njoku Nadrea R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOften Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are viewed and discussed through a deficit‐laden lens. In reality, HBCUs—many of which are regional public universities (RPUs)—not only carry a lion's share of the education of Black students but also contribute greatly to the social mobility, economic impact, and increased access to marginalized populations within their respective states. In this chapter, using the foundation of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) “Punching Above Their Weight” report findings, the authors explore four state cases to highlight how HBCU RPUs are overlooked in broader RPU discussions regarding their unique contributions to access and degree attainment. This chapter will review research and popular press on HBCU RPUs to give insight into how they are uniquely contributing to state higher education goals while navigating funding disparities. Moreover, this review—coupled with our insights for research, practice, and funding—will give a broader view of these institutions’ contributions for both students and the regions they serve.
Conclusion: Appraising Asset‐Based Themes for Policy and Practice
Authors: Warshaw Jarrett B. , McClure Kevin R. , DeMonbrun Matt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents four central themes that are distilled from the volume. First, regional public universities (RPUs) are mission‐centered as access‐ and teaching‐oriented and civically engaged institutions. Second, no matter how RPUs are sampled and classified, they are at the center of college access and equity. Third, RPUs deploy lean resources to shoulder a strong share of undergraduate education in the 4‐year sector, displaying some long‐term financial ingenuity and resilience. Fourth, campus leaders have the power to shape and tell the story of the “positive core” of what RPUs are and do well in enriching the lives of their students and communities. These themes suggest that RPUs are positioning, based on strengths, to adapt to significant challenges in their external environments. Public and institutional policies may enhance RPUs and their unique contributions by rewarding these campuses for serving the broader public and economic good.
Systematic review of postoperative therapy for resected squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Executive summary of the American Radium Society appropriate use criteria
Authors: Margalit Danielle N. , Sacco Assuntina G. , Cooper Jay S. , Ridge John A. , Bakst Richard L. , Beadle Beth M. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Chang Steven S. , Chen Allen M. , Galloway Tom J. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Mita Carol , Robbins Jared R. , Tsai C. Jillian , Truong Minh T. , Yom Sue S. , Siddiqui Farzan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this systematic review are to (a) evaluate the current literature on the impact of postoperative therapy for resected squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) on oncologic and non‐oncologic outcomes and (b) identify the optimal evidence‐based postoperative therapy recommendations for commonly encountered clinical scenarios.MethodsAn analysis of the medical literature from peer‐reviewed journals was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Prospective studies and methodology‐based systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of postoperative therapy for SCCHN were identified by searching Medline (OVID) and EMBASE (Elsevier) using controlled vocabulary terms (ie, National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings [MeSH], EMTREE). Study screening and selection was performed with Covidence software and full‐text review. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used by the expert panel to rate the appropriate use of postoperative therapy, and the modified Delphi method was used to come to consensus.ResultsA total of 5660 studies were identified and screened using the title and abstract, leading to 201 studies assessed for relevance using full‐text review. After limitation to the eligibility criteria, 101 studies from 1977 to 2020 were identified, including 77 with oncologic endpoints and 24 with function and quality of life endpoints. All studies reported staging prior to the implementation of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC‐8).ConclusionsProspective clinical studies and systematic reviews identified through the PRISMA systematic review provided good evidence for consensus statements regarding the appropriate use of postoperative therapy for resected SCCHN. Further research is needed in domains where consensus by the expert panel could not be achieved for the appropriateness of specific postoperative therapeutic interventions.
The V‐Y gluteal fold advancement flap: Outcomes following radical surgery for vulvar malignancies
Authors: Giannini Andrea , Di Donato Violante , D’Oria Ottavia , Schiavi Michele Carlo , May James , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Congiu Mario Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and complication rate of the V‐Y gluteal fold flap in surgery for vulvar cancer.MethodsFrom June 2015 to June 2018, 62 patients surgically treated for vulvar cancer were included in the study. Twenty‐three (37.1%) underwent plastic reconstructive surgery with V‐Y advancement flaps.ResultsThe mean surgical time was longer for patients undergoing V‐Y flap surgery. The margins were positive in six patients (9.7%), close (<8 mm) in 10 (16.1%), and adequate (>8 mm) in 46 (74.2%). Six (9.7%) patients had dehiscence and two (3.2%) patients suffered from necrosis. In patients undergoing V‐Y flap reconstruction, two (8.7%) had a wound dehiscence, no patients had necrosis. In patients undergoing direct closure, four (10.3%) had wound dehiscence and two (5.1%) had necrosis.ConclusionsV‐Y gluteal fold advancement technique is a safe procedure, performed in a single surgical session with minimal increase in surgical time and low wound healing complications. Use of this technique was correlated with an increased rate of adequate surgical margins (<8 mm) and reduced need for adjuvant radiotherapy.