bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sensory ecology and cognition in social decisions: Costs of acquiring information matter
Authors: Schneeberger Karin , Taborsky Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe generally assume that animals should maximize information acquisition about their environment to make prudent decisions. But this is a naïve assumption, as gaining information typically involves costs.This is especially so in the social context, where interests between interacting partners usually diverge. The arms race involved in mutual assessment is characterized by the attempt to obtain revealing information from a partner while providing only as much information by oneself as is conducive to one's own intentions.If obtaining information occasions costs in terms of time, energy and risk, animals should be selected to base their decisions on a cost–benefit ratio that takes account of the trade‐off between the risk of making wrong choices and the costs involved in information acquisition, processing and use.In addition, there may be physiological and/or environmental constraints limiting the ability to obtaining, processing and utilizing reliable information.Here, we discuss recent empirical evidence for the proposition that social decisions are to an important extent based on the costs that result from acquiring, processing, evaluating and storing information. Using examples from different taxa and ecological contexts, we aim at drawing attention to the often neglected costs of information recipience, with emphasis on the potential role of sensory ecology and cognition in social decisions.
The geography of grassland plant chemistry and productivity accounts for ant sodium and sugar usage
Authors: Clay Natalie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Focus: Kaspari, M., Welti, E. A. R., & de Beurs, K. M. (2020). The nutritional geography of ants: Gradients of sodium and sugar limitation across North American grasslands. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89, 276‐284. Biologically essential elements and macromolecules impact individuals to ecosystems and vary across space. Predictive frameworks for understanding community patterns across nutritional gradients are increasingly important as the nutritional landscape is continually altered by global change. Grasslands vary in the quantity and quality of essential nutrients that can impact plant consumer abundance, biomass and activity, but causes for variation, particularly across large spatial scales are poorly understood. In 53 North American grasslands spanning 16° latitude, Kaspari et al. (2020) tested three hypotheses for explaining sources of sodium (Na) limitation and five hypotheses for explaining sources of sugar limitation of ants, which are common and ecologically important omnivores that consume both plant‐ and animal‐derived material. For both Na and sugar, over half of the variation in ant bait usage was accounted for by their predictions. Specifically, after accounting for ant activity (ant usage of sugar baits), ant Na‐limitation was next best predicted by plant Na content and lastly, insect biomass, while sugar limitation after accounting for activity (ant usage of Na baits) was best predicted by growing season, then ecosystem productivity, plant potassium (K) and phosphorous (P), respectively. Kaspari et al. (2020) demonstrate the importance of plant physiology and chemistry towards a predictive framework for understanding sugar‐ and Na‐limitation and highlights the importance of tackling ecological questions from a geographical perspective. This framework can provide a useful foundation for predicting future patterns in grassland organism nutritional ecology as plant species and physiology are altered with global change.
Preservation of the mesureter to reduce urinary complications: analysis of data from the observational Leipzig School MMR study
Authors: Wolf B , Espig O , Stolzenburg J‐U , Horn L‐C , Aktas B , Höckel M 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and effect of mesureteral preservation on urinary complications in the context of total mesometrial resection (TMMR), a surgical treatment for cervical cancer.DesignRetrospective cohort study with historic control.SettingSingle tertiary academic centre.PopulationWomen older than 18 with primary cervical cancer staged FIGO IB1–IIB enrolled in the prospective Leipzig School MMR study and underwent total mesometrial resection (TMMR) without adjuvant radiation.MethodWe retrospectively analysed 100 consecutive TMMR procedures which were performed for cancer of the uterine cervix and in which the mesureter was preserved (intervention group, 01/2014–06/2017). We compared this group with the previous 100 consecutive TMMRs, which were performed before the introduction of mesureteral preservation (control group, 09/2010–01/2014).Main outcome measuresThe occurrence of urological and specifically ureteral complications.ResultsMesureteral preservation was feasible and was associated with a significant decrease in ureteral complications (11% without mesureteral preservation versus 3% with mesureteral preservation, P = 0.049). Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in the number of postoperative percutaneous nephrostomies and re‐operations (7% versus none, P = 0.014). There was also a trend towards a decrease in other urinary complications such as postoperative bladder atony and uretero‐vaginal fistulas.ConclusionThe mesureter constitutes a convenient dissection plane enabling the preservation of lateral ureteral blood supply during TMMR. In our study, maintenance of mesureteral integrity was associated with a significant reduction in ureteral complications. Mesureteral preservation might also be useful in other types of pelvic surgeries that carry a high risk of ureteral damage.Tweetable abstractSurgical preservation of the mesureter in cervical cancer patients was associated with a reduction in urinary complications.
Developmental Validation of the ANDE 6C System for Rapid DNA Analysis of Forensic Casework and DVI Samples
Authors: Turingan Rosemary S. , Tan Eugene , Jiang Hua , Brown Jessi , Estari Yeshwanthi , Krautz‐Peterson Greice , Selden Richard F 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA developmental validation was performed to demonstrate reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of the ANDE Rapid DNA Identification System for processing of crime scene and disaster victim identification (DVI) samples. A total of 1705 samples were evaluated, including blood, oral epithelial samples from drinking containers, samples on FTA and untreated paper, semen, bone, and soft tissues. This study was conducted to address the FBI’s Quality Assurance Standards on developmental validation and to accumulate data from a sufficient number of unique donors and sample types to meet NDIS submission requirements for acceptance of the ANDE Expert System for casework use. To date, no Expert System has been approved for such samples, but the results of this study demonstrated that the automated Expert System performs similarly to conventional laboratory data analysis. Furthermore, Rapid DNA analysis demonstrated accuracy, precision, resolution, concordance, and reproducibility that were comparable to conventional processing along with appropriate species specificity, limit of detection, performance in the presence of inhibitors. No lane‐to‐lane or run‐to‐run contamination was observed, and the system correctly identified the presence of mixtures. Taken together, the ANDE instrument, I‐Chip consumable, FlexPlex chemistry (a 27‐locus STR assay compatible with all widely used global loci, including the CODIS core 20 loci), and automated Expert System successfully processed and interpreted more than 1200 unique samples with over 99.99% concordant CODIS alleles. This extensive developmental validation data provides support for broad use of the system by agencies and accredited forensic laboratories in single‐source suspect‐evidence comparisons, local database searches, and DVI.
‘A Reward for so Meritorious an Action’ ? Lord Hervey's Summons to the House of Lords and Walpole's Management of the Upper Chamber (1727–42)
Authors: Eagles Robin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 1733 Lord Hervey was summoned to the house of lords early. The move has traditionally been seen as part of an effort by Walpole to increase his ministry's strength in the upper chamber in spite of objections voiced by allies such as the duke of Newcastle. This essay seeks to reconsider the circumstances of the move and question more broadly the management of the Lords during the ‘Robinocracy’.
Radiological ‘SATs’ monitor: The use of ‘study ascribable times’ to assess the impact of clinical workload on resident training in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Le Roux Camilla Engela , Le Roux Nelmarie , Pitcher Richard Denys 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, increasing clinical demands threaten postgraduate radiology training programmes. Time‐based assessment of clinical workload is optimal in the academic environment, where an estimated 30% of consultant time should ideally be devoted to non‐reporting activities. There has been limited analysis of the academic radiologist workload in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsDepartmental staffing and clinical statistics were reviewed for 2008 and 2017. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists ‘study ascribable times’ (RANZCR‐SATs) for primary consultant reporting were used with the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) 2012 guidelines for secondary review of resident reports, to estimate the total consultant‐hours required for each year’s clinical workload. Analyses were stratified by type of investigation (plain‐film vs. special) and expressed as a proportion of the total annual available consultant working hours.ResultsReporting all investigations required 90% and 100%, while reporting special investigations alone, demanded 53% and 69% of annual consultant working hours in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Between 2008 and 2017, the proportion of consultant time available for plain‐film reporting decreased from 17% to 1%, while preserving 30% for non‐reporting activities.ConclusionA time‐based analysis of the academic radiologist’s clinical workload, utilizing the RANZCR‐SATs and RCR 2012 guidelines for primary and secondary reporting, respectively, provides a reasonably accurate reflection of the service pressures in resource‐constrained environments and has potential international applicability.
Does Medicare‐eligible high‐risk breast cancer screening MRI target the right women?
Authors: Lo Glen , McLaughlin Aden , Jacques Angela , Dhillon Ravinder , Porter Gareth , Jayaratne Thilina , Bose Sharmistha , Bourke Anita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionMRI is the most sensitive modality to screen for breast cancer, but it is expensive with somewhat limited access. Audit of screening performance should reflect appropriate population targeting.MethodsAn observational study on consecutively screened high‐risk women, assessment of the contralateral breast staging a new cancer, or surveillance in women with prior breast cancer or high‐risk lesion in Perth, Western Australia. All breast MRI studies from 1 January 2015 to 7 September 2018 were included. Studies were 3T comprising T2, DWI, ADC and T1‐weighted +/‐ fat saturation +/‐ IV gadolinium, +/‐ subtraction. DCE was read on the dynamics or DynaCAD (Invivo, Gainesville, FL, USA). Fellowship‐trained breast radiologists blindly double‐read by consensus; additional reader/s arbitrated. The reference standard was the histopathology result or cancer registry notification for cancer diagnoses and benign biopsies, benign follow‐up imaging or subsequent screening MRI.ResultsOf 993 MRI studies in 554 women, 870 eligible MRI were performed in 471 women, and 706 had a reference standard. Median age was 44 years (range 18–80). The majority of studies (65% 457/706) were screening Medicare rebate‐eligible high familial risk; 26% for surveillance after a breast cancer or contralateral staging; 6% screened BRCA carriers. Eleven cancers were diagnosed, eight were MRI‐detected. Only two of these were at high‐risk screening MRI. Five were detected at staging contralateral ILC, after negative 2D mammography and ultrasound. Cancer prevalence was highest for staging contralateral ILC, at 600/10,000 MRI, for high‐risk screening 77/10,000 MRI and surveillance 116/10,000 MRI.ConclusionsCancers were predominantly detected in women undergoing preoperative staging of new invasive lobular carcinoma in the contralateral breast, rather than the Medicare rebate‐eligible high‐risk screening group.
Surgeons' preference sublobar resection for stage I NSCLC less than 3 cm
Authors: Huang Chien‐Sheng , Hsu Po‐Kuei , Chen Chun‐Ku , Yeh Yi‐Chen , Hsu Han‐Shui , Shih Chun‐Che , Huang Biing‐Shiun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare survival between standard lobectomy and surgeons' preference sublobar resection among patients with stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsMedical records of patients undergoing pulmonary resection between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Differences in disease‐free survival (DFS) and DFS‐associated factors between patients receiving lobectomy and surgeons' preference sublobar resection were analyzed after 1‐1 propensity score‐matching (n = 119 per group).ResultsIn total, 1064 pathological stage I NSCLC patients were identified, including 816 (76.7%) who underwent lobectomy, 111 (10.4%) who underwent sublobar resection as a compromised procedure (medically unfit), and 137 (12.9%) who underwent surgeons' preference sublobar resection. Rates of five‐year DFS for patients undergoing lobectomy, medically unfit, and surgeons' preference sublobar resection were 88.7%, 71.0%, and 93.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that radiological solid‐appearance (adjusted hazard [aHR] = 2.908, P = 0.003), PL2 invasion (aHR = 1.970, P = 0.024), and angiolymphatic invasion (aHR = 2.202, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with lower DFS after adjusting for surgeons' preference sublobar resection (aH = 1.031, P = 0.939). Subgroup analysis of all 403 solid‐dominant patients demonstrated equivalent five‐year DFS between surgeons' preference sublobar resection and lobectomy (87.7% and 84.1%, respectively, P = 0.721). Propensity‐matched analysis showed no differences in five‐year DFS in stage I NSCLC patients undergoing lobectomy or surgeons' preference sublobar resection (90.5% vs. 93.4% P = 0.510), and DFS for surgeons' preference sublobar resection remained an insignificant factor (aHR = 0.894, P = 0.834).ConclusionsCarefully selected patients who have undergone surgeons' preference sublobar resection have comparable outcomes to those receiving lobectomy for stage I NSCLC <3 cm.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study Intended sublobar resection has a good outcome. What this study adds Sublobar resection is applicable for stage I NSCLC <3 cm.
Beyond the Unit Root Question: Uncertainty and Inference
Authors: Webb Clayton , Linn Suzanna , Lebo Matthew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA fundamental challenge facing applied time‐series analysts is how to draw inferences about long‐run relationships (LRR) when we are uncertain whether the data contain unit roots. Unit root tests are notoriously unreliable and often leave analysts uncertain, but popular extant methods hinge on correct classification. Webb, Linn, and Lebo (WLL; 2019) develop a framework for inference based on critical value bounds for hypothesis tests on the long‐run multiplier (LRM) that eschews unit root tests and incorporates the uncertainty inherent in identifying the dynamic properties of the data into inferences about LRRs. We show how the WLL bounds procedure can be applied to any fully specified regression model to solve this fundamental challenge, extend the results of WLL by presenting a general set of critical value bounds to be used in applied work, and demonstrate the empirical relevance of the LRM bounds procedure in two applications.
The role of intra‐operative cell salvage in patient blood management for revision hip arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Palmer A. J. R. , Lloyd T. D. , Gibbs V. N. , Shah A. , Dhiman P. , Booth R. , Murphy M. F. , Taylor A. H. , Kendrick B. J. L. ,   collaborators
Published: February 2020

SummaryCell salvage is an important component of blood management in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty surgery. However concerns regarding efficacy and patient selection remain. The aims of this study were to describe intra‐operative blood loss, cell salvage re‐infusion volumes and red blood cell transfusion rates for revision hip procedures and to identify factors associated with the ability to salvage sufficient blood intra‐operatively to permit processing and re‐infusion. Data were collected from a prospective cohort of 664 consecutive patients undergoing revision hip surgery at a single tertiary centre from 31 March 2015 to 1 April 2018. Indications for revision surgery were aseptic (n = 393 (59%)) fracture (n = 160 (24%)) and infection (n = 111 (17%)). Salvaged blood was processed and re‐infused when blood loss exceeded 500 ml. Mean (SD) intra‐operative blood loss was 1038 (778) ml across all procedures. Salvaged blood was re‐infused in 505 of 664 (76%) patients. Mean (SD) re‐infusion volume was 253 (169) ml. In total, 246 of 664 (37%) patients received an allogeneic red blood cell transfusion within 72 h of surgery. Patients undergoing femoral component revision only (OR (95%CI) 0.41 (0.23–0.73)) or acetabular component revision only (0.53 (0.32–0.87)) were less likely to generate sufficient blood salvage volume for re‐infusion compared with revision of both components. Compared with aseptic indications, patients undergoing revision surgery for infection (1.87 (1.04–3.36)) or fracture (4.43 (2.30–8.55)) were more likely to generate sufficient blood salvage volume for re‐infusion. Our data suggest that cell salvage is efficacious in this population. Cases where the indication is infection or fracture and where both femoral and acetabular components are to be revised should be prioritised.
From Absolution to Action: Examining Americans’ Reactions to High‐Profile Corporate Scandals
Authors: Guckian Meaghan L. , Chapman Daniel A. , Lickel Brian , Markowitz Ezra M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen corporations behave inappropriately, for example, by intentionally circumventing emissions regulation or jacking up the price of a life‐saving drug, assessing and assigning culpability is both natural and necessary. Such ascriptions of blame influence how consumers perceive and engage with corporations in the wake of misconduct. In a nationally representative sample of American adults, we examined how people's mental models of corporate wrongdoing influenced their awareness of and responses to a series of corporate scandals that broke between 2015 and 2017. Using a mixed effects modeling approach addressing both individual and scandal‐level variability, our results revealed that subscribing to the belief that corporate scandals are the product of the corporate culture (as opposed to the actions of a “few bad apples” within an organization) amplified people's awareness of, degree of concern about, and the probability of having taken action against transgressing corporations. The findings presented here highlight the importance of exploring consumers’ complex responses to corporate scandals, particularly for regulators and consumer advocates interested in leveraging public outcry to hold corporations responsible.
Youth perspectives on weight‐related words used by healthcare professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Stuij Mirjam , van Maarschalkerweerd Pomme E.A. , Seidell Jaap C. , Halberstadt Jutka , Dedding Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough healthcare professionals often consider body weight a sensitive and difficult topic to discuss with children, a contextualized and comprehensive understanding of youth perspectives on weight‐related words used in healthcare has yet to be established. This qualitative study aims to explore perspectives of Dutch children on the terminology healthcare professionals use when discussing weight.MethodsFourteen interviews and one focus group discussion were held with children (age 8–16) who were in care because of their weight. A toolkit with customizable interview techniques was used in order to facilitate reflection and tailor the interview to each respondent. A narrative content analysis was conducted.ResultsRespondents attached both clear and subtle differences in meanings to (certain) weight‐related words. Their perspectives were not unanimous for any single word. Moreover, at times, respondents framed certain words in positive or negative ways or used a word they disliked to describe themselves. This illustrates that meanings of weight‐related words are not fixed but context and situation specific.ConclusionThis study revealed that meanings children assign to weight‐related words are shaped by their experiences in the broader social context, especially at school, as well as with (previous) healthcare professionals. It pointed towards the importance of bedside manner, acquaintanceship, and support. Healthcare professionals treating children because of their body weight are advised to invest in a good patient–caregiver relationship, pay attention to children's previous (negative) social weight‐related experiences, and reflect critically on their own preconceptions about body weight and the impact these preconceptions might have on their patient–caregiver relationships.
Clinical use of a 180‐day implantable glucose sensor improves glycated haemoglobin and time in range in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Irace Concetta , Cutruzzolà Antonio , Nuzzi Annamaria , Assaloni Roberta , Brunato Barbara , Pitocco Dario , Tartaglione Linda , Di Molfetta Sergio , Cignarelli Angelo , Laviola Luigi , Citro Giuseppe , Lovati Elisabetta , Gnasso Agostino , Tweden Katherine S , Kaufman Francine R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThis real‐world study evaluated the changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics associated with use of the implantable 180‐day Eversense CGM System (Eversense) in patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective, multicentre, observational study among adult participants aged ≥18 years with type 1 diabetes across seven diabetes‐care centres in Italy who had Eversense inserted for the first time. HbA1c was measured at baseline and at 180 days. Changes in time in range [TIR (glucose 70–180 mg/dL)], time above range [TAR (glucose >180 mg/dL)], time below range [TBR (glucose <70 mg/dL)] and glycaemic variability were also assessed. Data were also analysed by previous CGM use and by mode of insulin delivery.ResultsOne‐hundred patients were enrolled (mean age 36 ± 12 years, mean baseline HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.92% [57 ± 10 mmol/mol]). Fifty‐six per cent of patients were users of the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump and 45% were previous users of CGM. HbA1c significantly decreased in patients after 180 days of sensor wear (−0.43% ± 0.69%, 5 ± 8 mmol/mol, P < 0.0001). As expected, CGM‐naïve patients achieved the greatest reduction in HbA1c (−0.74% ± 0.48%, 8 ± 5 mmol/mol). TIR significantly increased and TAR and mean daily sensor glucose significantly decreased while TBR did not change after 180 days of sensor wear.ConclusionsReal‐world clinical use of the Eversense CGM System for 180 days was associated with significant improvements in HbA1c and CGM metrics among adults with type 1 diabetes. The study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04160156).