bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anatomical Study of the Morphometric Differences between Complete Arcuate Foramina and Ipsilateral Foramina Transversaria in Human Atlas Vertebrae: Could these Be Responsible for Vaso-occlusive Symptoms?
Authors: Lalit Monika , Mahajan Anupama , Piplani Sanjay , Kullar Jagdev S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and Aims Arcuate foramina (AF), the atlas bridges formed by a delicate bony spicule over the posterior arch of atlas, have been implicated in the compression of the vertebral artery during extreme rotation of head and neck movements. Reduction in the size of arcuate foramina as compared with foramen transversarium (FT) is also an important cause for the compression of vertebral artery. Aim of the present study was to determine the morphometric differences between complete AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria.
Materials and Methods Eighty dry adult human atlas vertebrae were obtained in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Measurements were taken of the maximum dimensions of AF and ipsilateral FT and cross-sectional area was also calculated.
Results The following results were obtained.The AF were seen in total 11 (13.75%) vertebrae, 3 (3.75%) on the right side, 6 (7.5%) on left side, and 2 (2.5%) bilateral.• The mean ventrodorsal (AFL) and superoinferior (AFH) diameter of AF was 8.79 mm and 5.98 mm, and 8.11 mm and 5.54 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, and the difference was found to be highly significant.• The mean ventrodorsal (FTL) and mediolateral (FTW) diameter of the FT 8.19 mm and 6.56 mm, and 7.31 mm and 6.86 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with significant difference on the right side.• The mean cross-sectional area of AF was 41.32 mm﻿﻿﻿2 and 35.38 mm﻿﻿2, and FT was 42.53 mm﻿﻿2 and 39.71 mm﻿﻿2 on the right and left sides, respectively, and AF has smaller area than ipsilateral FT.
Conclusions Knowledge about the dimensions and cross-sectional area of the AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria of the atlas vertebra can improve the success rate of surgeries, thus preventing damage to the adjoining vital structures.
Triple-Rule-Out Computed Tomography Scanning for the Diagnosis of a Mediastinal Tumor
Authors: Useini Dritan , Taghiyev Zulfugar , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThymomas are rare tumors that commonly lie in the anterior mediastinum. The arteries supplying thymomas branch from the internal thoracic arteries and their collaterals. This report presents a patient with huge mediastinal thymoma, whose sensational vascularization is ensured directly by a single dominant tributary branch of the left internal thoracic artery. After initially performed computed tomography angiography, the tumor was suspect to be vascularized from the right coronary artery. Triple-rule-out computed tomography scan was a key step for accurate radiologic diagnosis.
30.3.7.11 Deprotection of S,S-Acetals (Update 2019)
Authors: Sugamata K. , Sasamori T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of S,S-acetals is increasingly popular as a strategy for the protection of carbonyl groups because, in comparison to the analogous acetals, they are chemically inert under many reaction conditions; this is due to the chemical softness of sulfur atoms. In this context, the deprotection of S,S-acetals to reveal the carbonyl group is of great importance. This update describes methods for the deprotection of S,S-acetals published between 2007 and 2017, and provides an update to Section 30.3.7.
38.10 Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Peroxides
Authors: Gnanaprakasam B. , Chaudhari M. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the application of metal catalysts for the peroxidation, using hydroperoxides, of unactivated hydrocarbons, alkenes, and enynes as well as activated compounds such as various carbonyl compounds.
A geographic relational perspective on the internationalization of emerging market firms
Authors: Deng Ping , Delios Andrew , Peng Mike W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe growth of outward foreign direct investment from emerging markets has led to increased scholarly attention on the internationalization of emerging market firms (EMFs). We break from the recent strategic approach on internationalizing EMFs to develop a problematization approach, which permits us to introduce a geographic relational perspective. We use this perspective to highlight process thinking, complex social realities, and relational practice as means by which to better develop theory on the internationalization of EMFs. Our emergent approach emphasizes the need to view EMF internationalization as deeply situated in multifaceted contextual influences, as influenced by path dependence and as manifested in practice. These three relational tenets (contextuality, path dependence, and practice) are central to our geographic relational approach’s ability to generate new challenging research questions for understanding EMF internationalization. Consequently, we add novelty to the international business domain by bringing space and process to the forefront of the EMF research agenda.
Developing morpho-syntax in non-configurational languages
Authors: Magnani Marco 
Published: October 2019

Within the Processability Theory (PT) framework, the Topic Hypothesis (Pienemann et al., 2005) and its recent reformulation as
the Prominence Hypothesis (Bettoni & Di Biase,
2015) have contributed substantially to explaining syntactic development in
non-configurational languages, adding an important discourse-pragmatic component. However,
the role of morphological development cannot be ignored, because in this type of languages
it is morphology that constructs syntactic relations (Nordlinger, 1998). This chapter will look at syntactic development by attempting to
incorporate both morphological and discourse-pragmatic factors in a way that is consistent
with the predictions of PT’s Prominence Hypothesis. Specifically, I will look at the
development of morpho-syntax in Russian L2 and Italian L2 – two languages located towards
the less configurational end of the typological spectrum, the former more dependent-marking,
the latter more head-marking.
Introduction.
Authors: Schouten A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview on the current knowledge about endophytic fungi and bacteria, their diversity, their relationships with pests and pathogens, their distribution and activities inside the plant and their (potential) applications in developing more sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, the identification of chemical constituents synthesized by endophytes or by the endophyte-host plant association is discussed, as they can be most relevant for identifying novel compounds relevant for medicine, such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs, and for agriculture, such as biologically sound pesticides.
Sources, niches and routes of colonization by beneficial bacterial endophytes.
Authors: Compant S. , Vacher C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The plant individual is a holobiont as it hosts diverse microbial assemblages in and on vegetative, reproductive or disseminative organs. All plant compartments - roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds - have been shown to host microorganisms that can influence positively or negatively the plants performance. Some of these microorganisms thrive as endophytes inside plant tissues. Identifying the environmental sources of these microorganisms and the route they take to colonize plant tissues, visualizing their niches within their hosts and understanding how they make intimate associations with plants are of crucial importance in developing biocontrol and biofertilization approaches, both in organic and integrated protection systems. This chapter considers that the plant individual is part of a complex network of biotic interactions influenced by the environment in the phytobiome and provides a comprehensive review on the development of the interactions between plants and beneficial bacterial endophytes.
Study the effect of film thickness on the structural and optical of (ZnO) thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Azara Hussain Saleem , Jabbar Radi Awatif 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research included preparation of (ZnO) thin films. On glass substrate using pulsed laser deposition method in room temperature. The structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The film grown have a polycrystalline wurtizte structure. It can be seen that the highest texture coefficient was in (101) plane.
New π-Conjugated Materials Based on Thienopyrazine As Organic Dye Sensitizers for Organic Photovoltaic Device Applications
Authors: AL-Temimei Faeq A , Salih Abbas Faiz , Alaboodi Azhar S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, new organic donor-π-acceptor molecules based on thienopyrazine is designed and reported. Diverse side based electron groups were presented to evaluate their impacts on the electronic and photovoltaic properties. The calculations of ground state were done by employing the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and the TD-DFT method for the excitation properties of the produced molecules. The results indicated that the “HOMO” and “LUMO” level are slightly changed and this suggests that there are different structures, playing important roles in improving the electronic and photovoltaic properties and in improving the electron accepting ability. The attained values of band gap together with the open circuit voltage are parameters that can be manipulated to improve the quality of solar cell applications. Moreover, the results showed that these molecules can be used for a solar cell as organic sensitizers due to probability of the electron injection process from the molecules to the conduction band of PC60BM, PC70BM or TiO2, in addition to the help of the compounds in designing more effective functional photovoltaic organic materials.
Estimation Hartree - Fock’s energy for the carbon atom and the ions are similar
Authors: Trier Saleem H , Kadhim Shaymaa A , Mousa Hamza Zahra , Shamkhi AL-Khafaji Qassim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, was used the technique of fragmentation to analyze the systems studied based on the energy of repulsion between electronic pairs. The energy of Hartree - Fock was calculated for the carbon atom (C) and the similar ions (N+1) and (O+2), When the results of the energies compared with the global publications we found a large agreement also studied the atomic properties by using atomic units.
Estimation of Radiological Hazards due to Natural Radioactivity in Shampoo Samples Used in Iraqi Markets.
Authors: Alabood Azhar S , Hadi Kadhim Suha , Hamead Harjan Allawi , Qasim Ahmed Anwar , Yahya Hadi Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, The levels of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) in (25) samples of shampoo have been measured. The radioactivity of these samples were determined using Gamma–ray spectrometry with( NaI ((Tl)) detector. The specific activity of the radionuclides varied from (67.00±5.86) Bq Kg−1 to (163.00±17.42) Bq Kg−1 for 40K with a mean of (108.76±15.11) Bq Kg−1, from (1.84±0.38) Bq Kg−1 to (8.64±2.42) Bq Kg−1 for 238U having a mean of (4.80±0.87) Bq Kg−1 and also for 232Th activity ranged from (0.23±0.03)Bq Kg−1 to Bq Kg−1 with a mean of (1.34±0.43) Bq Kg−1. The equivalent activity of radium(Raeq) and external hazard index(Hex) for the sample of the study have normal values ranging around (15.109)Bq kg−1 and (0.0408), respectively. The values of (Ra) and (Hex) in the present work were below the action level which is recommended around (370Bq/kg and 1). This safe level is considered by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and International Commission on Radiological Protection. It is found that the radiation levels of the samples studied from shampoo used in local markets were within natural rates of permissible limits and don’t cause any danger to human different uses.
Numerical simulations of the pulsatile blood flow in narrowing small vessels using different rheological models
Authors: Achab L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study of the blood flow through the circulatory system vessels depends on the rheological properties of the blood, the pulsatile nature of the blood flow and the vessel diameter. Blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid in small vessels, in situations of complex geometry and in certain cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery diseases, etc.In this article, we present two-dimensional computational simulation of blood flow in an axisymmetric narrowed small vessels (stenosis artery) taking into consideration the non-Newtonian fluid properties. The study is based on the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for Pulsatile flow using three constitutive relations for modeling the rheological blood behavior, ie; the Cross law; the Generalized power law; Gpl, and the Herschel-Bulkley law. We examined the flow characteristics particularly the velocity, shear rate distribution, wall shear stress and time-dependent vortex structures with respect to critical flow conditions in small vessels. Results indicate that the instantaneous flow characteristics are significantly affected by the blood rheological models considered, especially, in zones of important shear rate.
Some feebly Separation Properties
Authors: Khalaf Hussain Al-Hachami Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper considers feebly separation axioms for topological spaces, especially their relationship to the semi-separation properties of the associated ∝ −topologies, by using ∝ − open and feebly open sets. At the same time it also established that semi-R
0 and feebly-R
0 spaces.
On Estimates Of Statistically Characteristics Of The Almost Periodic Function Of Control System
Authors: Alaa Hussein Hammadi , Shani Hassan Kurdi Alia , Hussain Kalil Alaa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study some properties of the statistical characteristics of the function, almost periodic in the sense of Bohr. Obtained statistical evaluation for different control systems. Also we study the external and internal parallel sets of convex M in the Euclidean space.
Neural networks in business applications
Authors: Hadi Issa Alrammahi Atheer , Jawad Radif Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper shows a present vision of neural systems that are propelled by neural frameworks to give viable models to measurable examination. Their most essential part in neural system is the capacity to “learn”, depend in a set number of observation. With regards to neural systems, The articulation “Picking up” subsidizing that the learning picked up from the example can be outlined as tactile reconnaissance. In this regard, fake neural systems are regularly alluded to as the learning machine. In that capacity, counterfeit neural systems might be considered as images for operators who take in the reliance of their condition and make their conduct techniques subject to a predetermined number of perceptions. This exploration does not have to finish up from the natural sources of neural systems. Be that as it may, this is an absolutely scientific model and factual application. ever after the comming of PC insight, The craft of working together needs to experience uncommon changes. After some time, numerous information based registering frameworks have entered a substantial number of organizations and their utilization has turned out to be progressively across the board. With the colossal advances in innovation, the administration of data identified with cutting edge counterfeit neuroscience has turned into a basic part of business insight. In this article, we portray the key of neural systems and in addition We will audit the work done in counterfeit neural systems applications in numerous organizations. The association of this diary is as per the following. The initial segment exhibits a general prologue to neural systems. The second part features the business utilizations of neural systems. The third part takes a gander at work done in the field of insolvency determining, trailed by work in the zones of Mastercard extortion identification. The fourth part investigate the Back spread calculation – a numerical methodology and work done in the zones of securities exchange forecast, trailed by a survey of money related bookkeeping work. Area five examines The connection among ANN and Statistical strategies, Finally, we finish up this article in segment 6th pursued by references and the glossary.
QoS Prediction for Web Services Using User Based Classification
Authors: Sabah Naser Roaa , Naji Nawaf Huda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the development of technology, the web services increase dynamically with using of the internet. In order to avoid the time consuming and the expensive selection for selecting the best web service, it is becoming more important to design effective approaches for the selection and recommendation of the internet web services. This paper proposed a new collaborative for web service QoS prediction by using user-based classification technique, specifically the voting method. The experimental result shows the effectiveness and efficient QoS prediction of our approach. For comparison purpose, we employ real-world web service QoS datasets (namely DS-DREAM datasets). In sum, the experimental results compete with the recent related works.
Spectrophotometric method for designation of nitrobenzene by using o-chloranil so application in Diyala River and waterproof case
Authors: Abdulwhaab Abdulateef H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A reproducible, critical and simple spectrophotometric method for assay of RNB was investigated is based on (charge transfer complex) formation reaction of RNB with O-Chloranil reagent in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in ethanol to give a highly coloured species with maximal absorption at 440 nm, As well Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of (5-50) µg.mL with a molar absorptivity of 1.21×104 L.mol−1.cm−1 and the limit of detection and quantitation were 0.059 and 0.242 µg.mL respectively. The (average recovery rate) was 101.65% and relative standard deviation (RSD) was better than 0.55%. In addition, it was ratio of 1:1. The method was successfully applied to assay of RNB in Diyala river water and waterproof case.
Modification of silica with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid for cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Mohammed Hello Kasim , Kadhim Hlial Elham 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Different percentages (5, 10, 15, and 20 %) of sulfuric and phosphoric acids were successfully loaded with Silica. Both phosphate and sulfate groups were observed onto silica in different spectroscopic techniques. Oxigene, silicon, and sulfur were shown during the analysis of silica-sulfuric catalyst by photoelectron peaks (XPS). The main functional groups of Brønsted acid sites at the expected range in the FT-IR were confirmed by Pyridine test. Cellulose was hydrolyzed to glucose in 9 h over a silica-sulfuric catalyst, and 10 h over the silica-phosphoric catalyst. The recycle experiment shows both catalysts were stable during the hydrolysis and many times at the same catalytic activity.
Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye by Bio- micro-adsorbent from Aqueous Solution at Different Temperatures
Authors: Ahmed Jasim Mohammed , Mohammed Abbas Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study is to test the ability of algae bio adsorbent to absorb green malachite (MG) from aqueous solutions. The properties of the bioadsorbent surface have been diagnosed through several spectral techniques such as FTIR and SEM / EDX. The batch adsorption system was used to study the effect of both temperature and equilibrium time parameters on the adsorption capacity of the algal biomass. The percentage of adsorption of dye was obtained at a concentration of 80 mg L−1, biosorbent size 150 μm, 0.02 g dose, and 60 min of equilibrium time by Biomass reached to (100%). The adsorption kinetics were tested using several kinetics models. The results showed that malachite green adsorption by algae biomass follows pseudo-second order model with a high coefficient (R2=0.99). We conclude from this study that algal biomass is highly efficient in cationic dyes adsorption from aqueous solutions.
Preparation and Spectral Characterization of Some Novel Heterocyclic ligands Derivative from 2,4,6-tri oxo tetra hydro pyrimidine and their complexes with Pd(II)
Authors: Kadhim Kareem Ibtihal , Faleh Mohsein Hanan , Sadiq Majeed Nadia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Novel Heterocyclic ligands N-phenyl-4-{[(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro pyrimidin-5(2H)ylidene)methyl]amino}benzene sulfonamide (L1) and 5-{[(3-hydroxy phenyl)amino]methylene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (L2) were prepared to give the final poly dentate Heterocyclic with different donor atom system. All the synthesized ligands were characterized using 1H,13CNMR, Mass Spectra, C.H.N. microanalysis and studied by FTIR, UV.-Vis. techniques. with TLC technique for each steps of prepare reactions and melting points.
New complexes of the general formulae [Pd (L1)2] and [Pd (L2)2], have been isolated. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR and UV-Vis ) studies and melting points. All the data are discussed in terms of the nature of the bonding and the possible structural types. All preparation of complexes of Pd (II) ion were deduced according to the molar ratio (2:1) (L:M) depending on the Micro elemental Analysis (C.H.N.S). The Ligands behaves as a Didentate ligand in the monomeric complexes.
According to the results obtained, Square Plainer structure suggested for the prepared complexes.
Synthesis, Characterization and biological Study of some new derivatives from Pregnenolone via McMurry reaction
Authors: Abed Abdul-Reda Nabeel , Abed Muhee Aqeel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A series of some new Pregnenolone derivatives have been synthesized by McMurry reaction which include using of (Low-Valent) titanium from (TiCl4) with (Zn-dust) as catalyst and (THF) as a solvent to convert the (ketonic carbonyl group) of Pregnenolone with a new aldehyde or ketone compound to a new aliphatic double bond connected each other. All the new synthesized derivatives were monitored by (TLC) and assigned by elemental analysis, melting points, FT-IR and (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR) spectroscopy. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungi activity of these derivatives were also determined.
Bioadsorption of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) onto Iraqi Rice Husk as Adsorbent
Authors: Abass Ahmed K , Kadhim Zeina M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study enclosed the employment of low cost industrial waste rice husk for the removal of Eriochrome Black T by adsorption technique. The impact of some parameters was studied like agitation time, biosorbent dose and temperature. The bioadsorption information were analyzed by langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models at equilibrium. The adsorption capacities (Qm) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm plots were 40.00, 39.68, 38.91 and 38.00 mg/g respectively at pH adequate to of 7.0 at 30, 40, 50and 60 C°. The study of the temperature diversity incontestible that the EBT adsorption is endothermicand spontaneous with distended irregularity at the solid-solution interface. thermodynamic quantities as change in (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°) and change in free energy (ΔG°) were additionallyinvestigated. Free energy change showed that bioadsorption of Eriochrome Black T was spontaneous in any respect studied temperatures (30–60 C°).It was implicit that rice husk could also be appropriate as an adsorbent for removal of Eriochrome Black T.