bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unnoticed arrival of two dipteran species in Austria: the synanthropic moth fly Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893) and the parasitic bird louse fly Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811)
Authors: Zittra Carina , Schoener Ellen R. , Wagner Rüdiger , Heddergott Mike , Duscher Georg G. , Fuehrer Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the framework of a mosquito-monitoring program conducted from 2014 to 2018, non-culicid dipteran bycatch was identified to species-level with a focus on Diptera of medical and veterinary importance as part of a biodiversity initiative and barcoding project (“Austrian Barcode of Life”). Two species hitherto not known from Austria, the regularly sampled synanthropic moth flyClogmia albipunctata(Psychodidae) and a single specimen of the louse flyOrnithoica turdi(Hippoboscidae), were collected in Vienna and Lower Austria. We confirmed identification results using a barcoding approach and provide the first reference sequence forO.turdi.
Seismo-acoustic evidence for vent drying during shallow submarine eruptions at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska
Authors: Fee David , Lyons John , Haney Matthew , Wech Aaron , Waythomas Christopher , Diefenbach Angela K. , Lopez Taryn , Van Eaton Alexa , Schneider David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCharacterizing the state of the volcanic vent is key for interpreting observational datasets and accurately assessing volcanic hazards. This is particularly true for remote, complex eruptions such as the 2016–2017 Bogoslof volcano, Alaska eruption sequence. Bogoslof’s eruptions in this period were either shallow submarine or subaerial, or some combination of both. Our results demonstrate how low-frequency sound waves (infrasound), integrated with seismic and satellite data, can provide unique insight into shallow vent processes, otherwise not available. We use simple metrics, such as the infrasound frequency index (FI), event duration, and acoustic-seismic amplitude ratio, to look at changes in the elastic energy radiation and infer changes in seawater access to the vent. Satellite imagery before and after selected eruptions is used to ground-truth inferences on vent conditions. High FI and gradual increases in infrasound frequency content at Bogoslof correspond with transitions from submarine to subaerial vent conditions and a diminished or absent role of water, likely resulting in a drying out of the vent region. Event durations generally correlate with high FI and the range of FI values for each event, suggesting long duration events were more effective at drying out the vent region. A trend from low to high acoustic-seismic amplitude ratios for some long duration events also suggests an increase in acoustic efficiency as the vent dried out. We demonstrate that infrasound can serve as a robust indicator of seawater involvement for Bogoslof and other shallow submarine eruptions that may not be inferable from other datasets, particularly in near-real-time.
Integrated care pathways on dementia in Italy: a survey testing the compliance with a national guidance
Authors: Gervasi Giuseppe , Bellomo Guido , Mayer Flavia , Zaccaria Valerio , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Lacorte Eleonora , Canevelli Marco , Corbo Massimo , Di Fiandra Teresa , Vanacore Nicola 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDementias are chronic, degenerative neurological disorders with a complex management that require the cooperation of different healthcare professionals. The Italian Ministry of Health produced the document “Guidance on Integrated Care pathway for People with Dementia” (GICPD) with the specific objective of providing a standardized framework for the definition, development, and implementation of integrated care pathways (ICP) dedicated to people with dementia. We searched all available Italian territorial ICPs. Two raters assessed the retrieved ICPs with a 2-point scale on a 43-item checklist based on the GICPD. Only 5 out of 21 regions and 5 out of 101 local health authorities had an ICP, with most ICPs having a moderate compliance to the GICPD, in particular for the items referring to the development and implementation of the care pathways. A low to moderate inter-rater agreement was observed, mainly due to a lack of standardized models to describe ICPs for dementias. Results suggest that policy- and decision-makers should pay more attention to the GICPD when producing ICPs. The direct communication with clinicians, and the implementation of more precise and appropriate clinical outcomes, could increase the involvement of clinicians, whose participation is crucial to guarantee that ICPs meet needs of patients and their carers.
Hydropolitics and issue-linkage along the Orontes River Basin: an analysis of the Lebanon–Syria and Syria–Turkey hydropolitical relations
Authors: Conker Ahmet , Hussein Hussam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Orontes River Basin is among the least researched transboundary water basins in the Middle East. The few studies on the Orontes have two main theoretical and empirical shortcomings. First, there is a lack of critical hydropolitics studies on this river. Second, those studies focus on either the Turkish–Syrian or Lebanese–Syria relations rather than analysing the case in a holistic way. Gathering both primary (international agreements, government documents, political statements and media outlets) and secondary sources, this paper seeks to answer how could Syria, as the basin hydro-hegemon, impose its control on the basin? This study argues that the lack of trilateral initiatives, which is also reflected in academic studies, is primarily due to asymmetrical power dynamics. Accordingly, Syria played a dual-game by excluding each riparian, Turkey and Lebanon, and it dealt with the issue at the bilateral interaction. Syria has used its political influence to maintain water control vis-à-vis Lebanon, while it has used non-cooperation with Turkey to exclude Turkey from decision-making processes. The paper also argues that the historical background and the political context have strongly informed Syria’s water policy. Finally, given the recent regional political developments, the paper finds that Syria’s power grip on the Orontes Basin slowly fades away because of the changes in the broader political context.
Definite descriptions of events: progressive interpretation in Ga (Kwa)
Authors: Renans Agata 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the progressive interpretation in Ga is an effect of the interaction between the imperfective aspect and a definite description of events. Crucially, the data from Ga point to the consequences of the view that definite descriptions of events encode the familiarity of the discourse referent and its uniqueness in bearing the property in question. Namely, they yield direct evidentiality and the necessary ongoingness of the event at the topic time. Thus, the paper identifies previously unattested variation in the semantics of the progressive in a cross-linguistic perspective and shows that not only lexical but also grammatical aspect exhibits striking parallelisms with the nominal domain.
A biomimetic platform for studying root-environment interaction
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Ginzburg Neta , Sayas Tali , Saphier Sigal , Bucki Patricia , Miyara Sigal Brown , Caldwell Denise L. , Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali S. , Kleiman Maya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims
Microstructure plays an important role in biological systems. Microstructural features are critical in the interaction between two biological organisms, for example, a microorganism and the surface of a plant. However, isolating the structural effect of the interaction from all other parameters is challenging when working directly with the natural system. Replicating microstructure of leaves was recently shown to be a powerful research tool for studying leaf-environment interaction. However, no such tool exists for roots. Roots present a special challenge because of their delicacy (specifically of root hairs) and their 3D structure. We aim at developing such a tool for roots.

Methods
Biomimetics use synthetic systems to mimic the structure of biological systems, enabling the isolation of structural function. Here we present a method which adapts tools from leaf microstructure replication to roots. We introduce new polymers for this replication.

Results
We find that Polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA) with fast UV curing gives a reliable replication of the tomato root surface microstructure. We show that our system is compatible with the pathogenic soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum.

Conclusions
This newly developed tool may be used to study the effect of microstructure, isolated from all other effects, on the interaction of roots with their environment.
Compositional dynamics of suspended sediment in the Rhine River: sources and controls
Authors: van der Perk Marcel , Vilches Alvaro Espinoza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Information on the geochemical composition of suspended sediments in rivers is crucial to identify sediment source type or area. In large river basins, however, the relation between sediment composition and its controlling factors is often obscured. This study aims to assess and improve the conceptual understanding on the factors and mechanisms that control the composition of suspended sediments in the River Rhine, one of the large European rivers, and to identify the dominant source types of elements.

Materials and methods
We performed log-linear regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) on bi-weekly monitoring data of suspended sediment composition, supplemented with daily measurements of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and discharge at the Lobith monitoring station near the German-Dutch border for the period 2011–2016.

Results and discussion
The statistical analyses show a consistent grouping of elements that display contrasting temporal variation or different responses to increased discharge. The contrasting behaviour also becomes manifest in the results from the PCA. A first component that explains about the half of the total variance in the entire dataset reflects the variation in clay content in the suspended sediment. A second component reflects anthropogenic pollution and explains about a quarter of the total variance. A third component probably reflects variation in sediment provenance.

Conclusions
The majority of the temporal variation in suspended sediment composition can be attributed to variations in grain size (clay content), organic matter content, and anthropogenic pollution. Only a minority of the variation can be attributed to variations in the contributions from different upstream source areas. This variation represented by the third and higher components from the PCA can potentially be used for sediment provenance analysis.
Tooth Regeneration: Insights from Tooth Development and Spatial-Temporal Control of Bioactive Drug Release
Authors: Huang Delan , Ren Jianhan , Li Runze , Guan Chenyu , Feng Zhicai , Bao Baicheng , Wang Weicai , Zhou Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTooth defect and tooth loss are common clinical diseases in stomatology. Compared with the traditional oral restoration treatment, tooth regeneration has unique advantages and is currently the focus of oral biomedical research. It is known that dozens of cytokines/growth factors and other bioactive factors are expressed in a spatial-temporal pattern during tooth development. On the other hand, the technology for spatial-temporal control of drug release has been intensively studied and well developed recently, making control release of these bioactive factors mimicking spatial-temporal pattern more feasible than ever for the purpose of tooth regeneration. This article reviews the research progress on the tooth development and discusses the future of tooth regeneration in the context of spatial-temporal release of developmental factors.
Dystrophin Dp71 and the Neuropathophysiology of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Naidoo Michael , Anthony Karen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by frameshift mutations in theDMDgene that prevent the body-wide translation of its protein product, dystrophin. Besides a severe muscle phenotype, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent. Dystrophin protein 71 (Dp71) is the majorDMDgene product expressed in the brain and mutations affecting its expression are associated with the DMD neuropsychiatric syndrome. As with dystrophin in muscle, Dp71 localises to dystrophin-associated protein complexes in the brain. However, unlike in skeletal muscle; in the brain, Dp71 is alternatively spliced to produce many isoforms with differential subcellular localisations and diverse cellular functions. These include neuronal differentiation, adhesion, cell division and excitatory synapse organisation as well as nuclear functions such as nuclear scaffolding and DNA repair. In this review, we first describe brain involvement in DMD and the abnormalities observed in the DMD brain. We then review the gene expression, RNA processing and functions of Dp71. We review genotype-phenotype correlations and discuss emerging cellular/tissue evidence for the involvement of Dp71 in the neuropathophysiology of DMD. The literature suggests changes observed in the DMD brain are neurodevelopmental in origin and that their risk and severity is associated with a cumulative loss of distalDMDgene products such as Dp71. The high risk of neuropsychiatric syndromes in Duchenne patients warrants early intervention to achieve the best possible quality of life. Unravelling the function and pathophysiological significance of dystrophin in the brain has become a high research priority to inform the development of brain-targeting treatments for Duchenne.
External Kinematic Calibration of Hybrid Kinematics Machine Utilizing Lower-DOF Planar Parallel Kinematics Mechanisms
Authors: Rosyid Abdur , El-Khasawneh Bashar , Alazzam Anas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the implementation of nonlinear least squares and iterative linear least squares algorithms for external kinematic calibration of a hybrid kinematics machine composed of two 3PRR planar parallel kinematics mechanisms by utilizing a laser tracker. First the hand-eye and robot-world transformations were obtained by a separable closed-form solution and refined by the nonlinear least squares. Subsequently, the geometric parameters of the machine’s mechanisms were estimated using the two algorithms. Due to the rank deficiency, we implemented the nonlinear least squares algorithm through a subset selection approach in which we performed the estimation in two steps. We iterated the closed-form solution of the linear least squares until the solution converges to the actual values. We have shown that the nonlinear least squares algorithm successfully refined the hand-eye and robot-world transformations and outperformed the iterative linear squares algorithm in the estimation of the geometric parameters of the mechanisms.
Social media in knowledge translation and education for physicians and trainees: a&nbsp;scoping review
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Dzara Kristina , Dimeo Sara Paradise , Bhalerao Anuja , Maggio Lauren A. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction The use of social media is rapidly changing how educational content is delivered and knowledge is translated for physicians and trainees. This scoping review aims to aggregate and report trends on how health professions educators harness the power of social media to engage physicians for the purposes of knowledge translation and education.
Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ERIC) for publications emerging between 1990 to March 2018. Articles about social media usage for teaching physicians or their trainees for the purposes of knowledge translation or education were included. Relevant themes and trends were extracted and mapped for visualization and reporting, primarily using the Cook, Bordage, and Schmidt framework for types of educational studies (Description, Justification, and Clarification).
Results There has been a steady increase in knowledge translation and education-related social media literature amongst physicians and their trainees since 1996. Prominent platforms include Twitter (n = 157), blogs (n = 104), Facebook (n = 103), and podcasts (n = 72). Dominant types of scholarship tended to be descriptive studies and innovation reports. Themes related to practice improvement, descriptions of the types of technology, and evidence-based practice were prominently featured.
Conclusions Social media is ubiquitously used for knowledge translation and education targeting physicians and physician trainees. Some best practices have emerged despite the transient nature of various social media platforms.
Schrödinger evolution of superoscillations with $$\delta $$- and $$\delta '$$-potentials
Authors: Aharonov Yakir , Behrndt Jussi , Colombo Fabrizio , Schlosser Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the time persistence of superoscillations as the initial data of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with $$\delta $$
δ
- and $$\delta '$$

δ
′

-potentials. It is shown that the sequence of solutions converges uniformly on compact sets, whenever the initial data converge in the topology of the entire function space $$A_1(\mathbb {C})$$

A
1

(
C
)

. Convolution operators acting in this space are our main tool. In particular, a general result about the existence of such operators is proven. Moreover, we provide an explicit formula as well as the large time asymptotics for the time evolution of a plane wave under $$\delta $$
δ
- and $$\delta '$$

δ
′

-potentials.
Simulation of fracture propagation in fibre-reinforced concrete using FDEM: an application to tunnel linings
Authors: Farsi A. , Bedi A. , Latham J. P. , Bowers K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe application of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to simulate fracture propagation in fibre-reinforced-concrete (FRC)-lined tunnels has been investigated. This constitutes the first attempt of using FDEM for the simulation of fracture in FRC structures. The mathematical implementations of the new FDEM joint-element constitutive model are first introduced, and the numerical model is then validated comparing the results for plain and FRC beams with three-point bending experimental data. The code has also been applied to two practical tunnel design case studies, showing different behaviours depending on the type of concrete and shape of tunnel section. The FDEM simulations of the linings are also compared with results from a finite element code that is commonly used in the engineering design practise. These results show the capabilities of FDEM for better understanding of the fracture mechanics and crack propagation in FRC tunnels. A methodology for directly inferring the numerical parameters from three-point bending tests is also illustrated. The results of this research can be applied to any FRC structure.
Venous Pooling in Suspension Syndrome Assessed with Ultrasound
Authors: Rauch Simon , Schenk Kai , Gatterer Hannes , Erckert Martin , Oberhuber Lukas , Bliemsrieder Bernhard , Dal Cappello Tomas , Brugger Hermann , Paal Peter , Strapazzon Giacomo 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Suspension syndrome describes a potentially life-threatening event during passive suspension on a rope. The pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood; however, the most widespread hypothesis assumes blood pools in the lower extremities, prompting a reduction in cardiac preload and cardiac output and leading to tissue hypoperfusion, loss of consciousness, and death. The aim of this study was to assess venous pooling by ultrasound in simulated suspension syndrome using human subjects. Methods In this trial, 20 healthy volunteers were suspended in a sit harness for a maximum of 60 min with and without preceding exercise. Venous pooling was assessed by measuring the diameter of the superficial femoral vein (SFV) with ultrasound at baseline in supine and standing positions as well as during and after suspension. Results SFV diameter increased and blood flow became progressively sluggish. In 30% of the tests, near syncope occurred. However, SFV diameter did not differ between subjects with and without near syncope. Conclusions Free hanging in a harness leads to rapid venous pooling in the lower limbs. The most important measure to prevent suspension syndrome might be constant movement of the legs.
Physical culture, the Royal Irish Constabulary and police masculinities in Ireland, 1900–14
Authors: Heffernan Conor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the importance of physical culture systems for Irishmen seeking to enter the Royal Irish Constabulary (R.I.C), and those already operating within it, in the period 1900 to 1914. R.I.C. entrance requirements encouraged some men to alter their bodies physically to meet standardised body measurements for police officers. Simultaneously, a growing body of literature urged men to reflect upon their stature and, if found deficient, to undertake courses of physical culture. This situation, it is argued, led to a valorisation of muscularity and strength as foundational to an officer's physical presence and strength of character. To further demonstrate the relationship between physical culture and the R.I.C., the article also examines efforts by members within the force to associate strong bodies with broader masculine identities related to courage, integrity and bravery. The article begins with a brief discussion of the R.I.C., before examining the historiography of Irish masculinity and police masculinities more generally. Next, the article examines the importance of physical culture for those seeking entry into the constabulary, with reference to theIrish Times’sphysical culture column, before finally examining the efforts by existing members to strengthen the R.I.C.’s relationship with physical culture. In both instances, involving aspirant and actual members of the R.I.C., the article argues that conceptions of masculinity in the constabulary echoed broader social messages and came to equate strong physiques with wider assumptions about police integrity and character.
A Bayesian ice thickness estimation model for large-scale applications
Authors: Werder Mauro A. , Huss Matthias , Paul Frank , Dehecq Amaury , Farinotti Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate estimations of ice thickness and volume are indispensable for ice flow modelling, hydrological forecasts and sea-level rise projections. We present a new ice thickness estimation model based on a mass-conserving forward model and a Bayesian inversion scheme. The forward model calculates flux in an elevation-band flow-line model, and translates this into ice thickness and surface ice speed using a shallow ice formulation. Both ice thickness and speed are then extrapolated to the map plane. The model assimilates observations of ice thickness and speed using a Bayesian scheme implemented with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, which calculates estimates of ice thickness and their error. We illustrate the model's capabilities by applying it to a mountain glacier, validate the model using 733 glaciers from four regions with ice thickness measurements, and demonstrate that the model can be used for large-scale studies by fitting it to over 30 000 glaciers from five regions. The results show that the model performs best when a few thickness observations are available; that the proposed scheme by which parameter-knowledge from a set of glaciers is transferred to others works but has room for improvements; and that the inferred regional ice volumes are consistent with recent estimates.