bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of self‐reported measures of periodontitis in a Spanish Population
Authors: Montero Eduardo , La Rosa Martina , Montanya Eduard , Calle‐Pascual Alfonso L. , Genco Robert J. , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUse of self‐reported questionnaires in Dentistry may be useful to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis in epidemiological studies. This study aims to assess the accuracy of self‐reporting for predicting the prevalence of periodontitis in a Spanish population participating in a diabetes incidence study.Materials and MethodsData were collected from 231 patients participating in the Di@bet.es study. Eight questions about periodontal health were included in a health patient‐reported questionnaire. The outcomes from self‐reporting were validated against a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Multivariable logistic regression predictive modeling was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROCC).ResultsSelf‐reported gum health, loose teeth, tooth appearance, and use of dental floss were associated with different definitions of severe periodontitis. Correlations between responses to the questions were weak. The question “Do you think you might have gum disease?” combined with demographic and well‐established risk factors resulted in an AUC value of 0.75, sensitivity of 75.2%, and specificity of 60.6% for severe periodontitis. The answer to 4 questions combined with age, educational level, smoking status, and tooth loss was 76.4% sensitive and 63.5% specific, with an AUC of 0.75 in predicting prevalence of ≥25% of teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm.ConclusionPredictive models, combining self‐reporting on oral health status with demographic and risk factors, were useful for estimating the prevalence of severe periodontitis in the Spanish population.
Tolerogenic properties of liver macrophages in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Orci Lorenzo A. , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Goossens Nicolas , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Slits Florence , Hammad Karim , Delaune Vaihere , Oldani Graziano , Negro Francesco , Clément Sophie , Gonelle‐Gispert Carmen , Buhler Léo H. , Toso Christian , Lacotte Stéphanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsOur understanding of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is improving, but there is still limited data on the function of resident liver macrophages in this context, especially when considering their contribution in dampening liver inflammation.MethodsLiver macrophages were studied in mouse models of prolonged diet‐induced liver steatohepatitis and carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury. We assessed liver macrophages phenotype and costimulatory/inhibitory properties upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide or interleukin 4. We did phagocytosis and antigen presentation assays to investigate liver macrophages function as scavengers and immune response initiators. Using immunofluorescence staining, we further determined, in human liver tissue of patients with simple steatosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis B infection, the expression of the co‐inhibitory protein CD274 (Programmed‐death ligand 1) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.ResultsBoth in humans and mice, within chronically inflamed fatty livers, liver macrophages acquired immunomodulatory properties by reducing the expression of MHC class II, and by enhancing co‐inhibitory signalling. Liver macrophages circumscribed endotoxin‐mediated inflammatory response by upregulating anti‐inflammatory genes arginase 1 and interleukin‐10. While hepatic macrophages isolated from mice with normal livers were capable of achieving endotoxin tolerance, our results indicated an impairment of this protective mechanism in the presence NASH‐like parenchymal abnormalities.ConclusionsLiver macrophages can achieve endotoxin tolerance, but in the chronically inflamed fatty liver, while they acquire an immunomodulatory phenotype, liver macrophages fail to dampen immune‐mediated damage. Therefore, loss of tolerogenicity induced by ongoing liver insult may be a mechanism contributing to the worsening of NAFLD.
Remediating professionalism lapses in medical students and doctors: A systematic review
Authors: Brennan Nicola , Price Tristan , Archer Julian , Brett Joe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextA remediation intervention aims to facilitate the improvement of an individual whose competence in a particular skill has dropped below the level expected. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of remediation, especially in the area of professionalism. This review sought to identify and assess the effectiveness of interventions to remediate professionalism lapses in medical students and doctors.MethodsDatabases Embase, MEDLINE, Education Resources Information Center and the British Education Index were searched in September 2017 and October 2018. Studies reporting interventions to remediate professionalism lapses in medical students and doctors were included. A standardised data extraction form incorporating a previously described behaviour change technique taxonomy was utilised. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.ResultsA total of 19 studies on remediation interventions reported in 23 articles were identified. Of these, 13 were case studies, five were cohort studies and one was a qualitative study; 37% targeted doctors, 26% medical students, 16% residents and 21% involved mixed populations. Most interventions were multifaceted and addressed professionalism issues concomitantly with clinical skills, but some focused on specific areas (eg sexual boundaries and disruptive behaviours). Most used three or more behaviour change techniques. The included studies were predominantly of low quality as 13 of the 19 were case studies. It was difficult to assess the effectiveness of the interventions as the majority of studies did not carry out any evaluation.ConclusionsThe review identifies a paucity of evidence to guide best practice in the remediation of professionalism lapses in medical students and doctors. The literature tentatively suggests that remediating lapses in professionalism, as part of a wider programme of remediation, can facilitate participants to graduate from a programme of study, and pass medical licensing and mock oral board examinations. However, it is not clear from this literature whether these interventions are successful in remediating lapses in professionalism specifically. Further research is required to improve the design and evaluation of interventions to remediate professionalism lapses.
Species‐specific root proliferation of tree seedlings in tropical litter: do nutrients matter?
Authors: Sarker Tushar C. , Maisto Giulia , De Marco Anna , Memoli Valeria , Panico Speranza C. , Motti Riccardo , Idbella Mohamed , Incerti Guido , Mazzoleni Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano 
Published: December 2019

Litter decomposition mobilizes nutrients that sustain ecosystem productivity, but decomposition by‐products may also hamper root proliferation by phytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the litter substrate preferences of tropical tree seedlings in relation to litter chemical traits.We characterized 44 litter types (11 species at four decomposition ages; 0, 30, 90 and 180 days) for nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe and Zn) and proximate chemical parameters (cellulose, extractive, lignin and C) and tested the effect of such litter materials on seedling root growth of Albizia procera, Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia arjuna. Albizia procera root growth was inhibited by all litter types and ages, including conspecific materials, while different heterospecific litters had inhibitory or stimulatory effect on D. sissoo and T. arjuna root growth, compared to the control. Interestingly, inhibitory and stimulatory effects of heterospecific litters significantly changed with litter age, although with no clear‐cut pattern among target species and litter species and age, while conspecific litters consistently inhibited root growth when aged, but not when fresh. Litter nutrient, extractive, C, cellulose and lignin showed no consistent association with root growth of tested plants. Albizia procera root growth was positively associated with Na content and N:P ratio. Dalbergia sissoo root growth was positively associated to C:N and lignin:N ratios, and negatively to K, Na and Zn content. Finally, T. arjuna root was positively associated to cellulose and N:P ratio, but negatively to extractive. We conclude that studied nutrient, cellulose and lignin do not consistently explain the species‐specific response of root of tree seedlings to decomposing litter.
Foliar herbivory by caterpillars and aphids differentially affects phytohormonal signalling in roots and plant defence to a root herbivore
Authors: Karssemeijer Peter N. , Reichelt Michael , Gershenzon Jonathan , van Loon Joop , Dicke Marcel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant‐mediated interactions are an important force in insect ecology. Through such interactions, herbivores feeding on leaves can affect root feeders. However, the mechanisms regulating the effects of above‐ground herbivory on below‐ground herbivores are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the performance of cabbage root fly larvae (Delia radicum) on cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea) previously exposed to above ground herbivores belonging to two feeding guilds: leaf chewing diamondback moth caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) or phloem‐feeding cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Our study focusses on root‐herbivore performance and defence signalling in primary roots by quantifying phytohormones and gene expression. We show that leaf herbivory by caterpillars, but not by aphids, strongly attenuates root herbivore performance. Above‐ground herbivory causes changes in primary roots in terms of gene transcripts and metabolites involved in plant defence. Feeding by below‐ground herbivores strongly induces the jasmonate pathway in primary roots. Caterpillars feeding on leaves cause a slight induction of the primary root jasmonate pathway and interact with plant defence signalling in response to root herbivores. In conclusion, feeding by a leaf chewer and a phloem feeder differentially affects root‐herbivore performance, root‐herbivore‐induced phytohormonal signalling, and secondary metabolites.
Retracted: Cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 2/5/6 increase drought tolerance via stomatal movement and reactive oxygen species scavenging in wheat
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lei Daili , Deng Xia , Li Fangfang , Ji Haikun , Yang Shushen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrought is a major threat to wheat growth and crop productivity. However, there has been only limited success in developing drought‐hardy cultivars. This lack of progress is due, at least in part, to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in wheat. Here, we evaluated the potential role of three cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenases (TaGAPC2/5/6) under drought stress in wheat and Arabidopsis. We found that TaGAPC2/5/6 all positively responded to drought stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and stomatal movement. The results of yeast co‐transformation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that TaWRKY33 acted as a direct regulator ofTaGAPC2/5/6genes. The dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that TaWRKY33 positively activated the expression ofTaGAPC2/5/6. The results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two‐hybrid system demonstrated that TaGAPC2/5/6 interacted with phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ). We then demonstrated that TaGAPC2/5/6 positively promoted the activity of TaPLDδ in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, lower PLDδ activity in RNAi wheat could lead to less PA accumulation, causing higher stomatal aperture sizes under drought stress. In summary, our results establish a new positive regulatory mechanism ofTaGAPCswhich helps wheat fine‐tune their drought responses.
Shade avoidance and reproductive strategies of an early successional species Penthorum chinense in relation to shade treatments
Authors: Yang Y. Y. , Kim J. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Shade avoidance is expected to be favoured under moderate light. However, in previous studies, shade avoidance was highest in the deepest shade, despite the fact that the plants incur the costs of shade avoidance without the benefits of being exposed to increased light.

We performed shading experiments under different light intensities to understand: (i) how shade avoidance traits of Penthorum chinense could peak in moderate light, and (ii) if there was a trade‐off between plant height and allocation of seeds along the light gradients.

Penthorum chinense increased shade avoidance traits such as height per total dry mass as the amount of light decreased. Side stem number per total dry mass of P. chinense decreased as shade became deeper, from full light to low light. Regressions on seed mass fraction and height were significant with a linear model (y = −0.0006x + 0.1338). There were more resources allocated to seeds under low light than under moderate light.

Penthorum chinense increased shade avoidance traits with the decrease in light amount, as found in previously studied species. There was a trade‐off between height and production of more seeds. The reproductive strategy of P. chinense was to increase seed mass fraction under low light more than under moderate light. This species might be able to expand established populations by both rhizomes and seeds under low light environments.
Estimation and Inference in Mixed Effect Regression Models Using Shape Constraints, with Application to Tree Height Estimation
Authors: Liao Xiyue , Meyer Mary C. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEstimation of tree height given diameter is an important part of the forest inventory analysis of the US Forest Service. Existing methods use parametric models to estimate the curve. We propose a semiparametric model in which log (height) is a smooth, increasing and concave function of diameter, with a random-plot component and fixed effect covariates. Large sample properties and inference methods that work well in practice are derived. Proposed inference methods use approximate normal distributions for the fixed effects and a likelihood ratio test for the significance of the random effect. A closed form approximate prediction method is provided and overall it outperformed competitors for both a simulation and a real data application. The methods are implemented by the cgamm routine in the R package cgam and can be used for a wide range of mixed model applications.
Meso–Cenozoic cooling and exhumation history of the Orlica‐Śnieżnik Dome (Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif, Central Europe): Insights from apatite fission‐track thermochronometry
Authors: Sobczyk Artur , Sobel Edward R. , Georgieva Viktoria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study presents the first suite of apatite fission‐track (AFT) ages from the SE part of the Western Sudetes. AFT cooling ages from the Orlica‐Śnieżnik Dome and the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben range from Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) to Early Palaeocene–Middle Eocene (64–45 Ma). The first stage of basin evolution (~100–90 Ma) was marked by the formation of a local extensional depocentre and disruption of the Mesozoic planation surface. Subsequent far‐field convergence of European microplates resulted in Coniacian–Santonian (~89–83 Ma) thrust faulting. AFT data from both metamorphic basement and Mesozoic sedimentary cover indicate homogenous Late Cretaceous burial of the entire Western Sudetes. Thermal history modeling suggests that the onset of cooling could be constrained between 89 and 63 Ma with a climax during the Palaeocene–Middle Eocene basin inversion phase.
Ectopic expression of a rice plasma membrane intrinsic protein (OsPIP1;3) promotes plant growth and water uptake
Authors: Liu Siyu , Fukumoto Tatsuya , Gena Patrizia , Feng Peng , Sun Qi , Li Qiang , Matsumoto Tadashi , Kaneko Toshiyuki , Zhang Hang , Zhang Yao , Zhong Shihua , Zeng Weizhong , Katsuhara Maki , Kitagawa Yoshichika , Wang Aoxue , Calamita Giuseppe , Ding Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPlasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are known to be major facilitators of the movement of a number of substrates across cell membranes. From a drought‐resistant cultivar of Oryza sativa (rice), we isolated an OsPIP1;3 gene single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that is mostly expressed in rice roots and is strongly responsive to drought stress. Immunocytochemistry showed that OsPIP1;3 majorly accumulated on the proximal end of the endodermis and the cell surface around the xylem. Expression of GFP‐OsPIP1;3 alone in Xenopus oocytes or rice protoplasts showed OsPIP1;3 mislocalization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐like neighborhood, whereas co‐expression of OsPIP2;2 recruited OsPIP1;3 to the plasma membrane and led to a significant enhancement of water permeability in oocytes. Moreover, reconstitution of 10×His‐OsPIP1;3 in liposomes demonstrated water channel activity, as revealed by stopped‐flow light scattering. Intriguingly, by patch‐clamp technique, we detected significant NO3− conductance of OsPIP1;3 in mammalian cells. To investigate the physiological functions of OsPIP1;3, we ectopically expressed the OsPIP1;3 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco). The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher photosynthesis rates, root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and water‐use efficiency, resulting in a greater biomass and a higher resistance to water deficit than the wild‐type did. Further experiments suggested that heterologous expression of OsPIP1;3 in cyanobacterium altered bacterial growth under different conditions of CO2 gas supply. Overall, besides shedding light on the multiple functions played by OsPIP1;3, this work provides insights into the translational value of plant AQPs.
Safety and efficacy of topically administered netarsudil (Rhopressa™) in normal and glaucomatous dogs withADAMTS10‐open‐angle glaucoma (ADAMTS10‐OAG)
Authors: Leary Kelly A. , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Steibel Juan P. , Harman Christine D. , Komáromy András M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of topically administered 0.02% netarsudil ophthalmic solution (Rhopressa™; Aerie Pharmaceutical) in normal and glaucomatous dogs withADAMTS10‐open‐angle glaucoma (ADAMTS10‐OAG).Animals studiedFive normal and 5 glaucomatous Beagle dogs withADAMTS10‐OAG.ProceduresIn each dog, left or right eye was randomly selected for netarsudil treatment. Contralateral eyes were sham‐treated with balanced salt solution (BSS). Following a 1‐week baseline period, dogs were treated once daily (q24h) during week 2, and twice daily (q12h) during week 3; week 4 served as washout period. Efficacy was measured by diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter. Safety was assessed by routine ophthalmic examination, gonioscopy, and pachymetry. Differences in least square means of quantitative outcome measures were compared between netarsudil and BSS sham‐treated eyes by linear Gaussian model.ResultsBaseline IOPs were 18.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg (mean ± SEM) in normal and 27.8 ± 1.0 mm Hg in OAG dogs. Even though mean IOPs were lower in netarsudil‐ vs sham‐treated eyes, the overall differences were neither significant nor clinically relevant, regardless of treatment frequency (q24h‐normal: sham 16.4 ± 1.1 mm Hg vs treatment 15.6 ± 1.0 mm Hg; q24hr‐OAG: sham 25.8 ± 2.3 mm Hg vs. treatment 25.7 ± 2.4 mm Hg; q12hr‐normal: sham 15.4 ± 0.8 mm Hg vs. treatment 14.4 ± 0.8 mm Hg; q12hr‐OAG: sham 26.3 ± 1.7 mm Hg vs. treatment 25.4 ± 1.8 mm Hg). Netarsudil administration was well tolerated but resulted in significant, moderate‐to‐severe conjunctival hyperemia (P < .001).ConclusionsOnce or twice daily administration of netarsudil resulted in marginal and clinically irrelevant IOP decreases in normal and OAG‐affected dogs. Except for conjunctival hyperemia, the drug was well tolerated.
Changes in systemic and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in response to exercise training in obese black African women
Authors: Nono Nankam Pamela A. , Mendham Amy E. , De Smidt Melony F. , Keswell Dheshnie , Olsson Tommy , Blüher Matthias , Goedecke Julia H. 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated during obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance; and exercise training represents a key component in the management of these conditions.
Black African women, despite high gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and less visceral fat, are less insulin sensitive than their white counterparts.
Exercise training improved systemic oxidative stress in obese black women, which was related to gynoid fat reduction and not insulin sensitivity.
Inflammatory markers changed depot‐specifically in response to exercise training, increasing in gluteal SAT without changing in abdominal SAT.
The increase of inflammatory state in gluteal SAT after exercise training is suggested to result from tissue remodelling consecutive to the reduction of gynoid fat but does not contribute to the improvement of whole‐body insulin sensitivity in obese black South African women.
AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated during obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Exercise training represents a key component in the management of obesity. We evaluated the effects of 12 weeks’ combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on systemic and abdominal vs. gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammatory and oxidative status in obese black South African women. Before and after the intervention, body composition (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry), cardio‐respiratory fitness (), serum and SAT inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured from 15 (control group) and 20 (exercise group) women and insulin sensitivity (SI; frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) was estimated. Following the intervention, (9.8%), body fat composition (1–3%) and SI (9%) improved, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) decreased (6.5%), and catalase activity increased (23%) in the exercise compared to the control group (P < 0.05), without changes in circulating inflammatory markers. The mRNA content of interleukin‐10, tumour necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB and macrophage migration inhibitory factor increased in the gluteal SAT exercise compared to the control group P < 0.05), with no changes in abdominal SAT. These changes of inflammatory profile in gluteal SAT, in addition to the reduction of circulating TBARS, correlated with the reduction of gynoid fat, but not with the improvement of SI. The changes in systemic oxidative stress markers and gluteal SAT inflammatory genes correlated with the reduction in gynoid fat but were not directly associated with the exercise‐induced improvements in SI.