bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Method of Ion Exchange Resins Regeneration and Its Optimization for Water Treatment
Authors: Al-Asheh Sameer , Aidan Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Ion exchange membranes, specifically resin technology, lie at the heart of electrolytically conductive systems used in the treatment of wastewater. This chapter deals with ion exchange deionization and the effect of resin amount as well as the concentration of acid and base on the product conductivity. The strong acidic cation polymeric exchanger resin is commercially called MERCK 104765 cation exchanger IV with capacity greater than 3.2 mmol/ml, while the strong basic anion polymeric exchanger resin is commercially called MERCK 104767 anion exchanger III with capacities greater than 1.0 mmol/ml. Water conductivity, as an indicator of regeneration efficiency, was monitored over time at the different conditions and scenario. In general, it was observed that the conductivity decreases with time until one point is reached and then starts to increase as a result of resin saturation. It was also noticed that the lowest conductivity is achieved when using 1-vol% NaOH and 5-vol% HCl in the cathodic and anodic resin tubes, respectively, and that water conductivity increases with the increase in the amount of water being used. The amount of resin significantly impacts the deionization efficiency; more ions are removed as the amount of resin increases.
The Spectrum of Histopathologic Findings in Lungs of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Bois Melanie C. , Johnson Tucker F. , Aubry Marie Christine , Alexander Mariam P. , Hagen Catherine E. , Lin Peter T. , Quinton Reade A. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Boland Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2020

Context.—Respiratory failure appears to be the ultimate mechanism of death in most patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Studies of postmortem COVID-19 lungs largely report diffuse alveolar damage and capillary fibrin thrombi, but we have also observed other patterns.Objective.—To report demographic and radiographic features along with macroscopic, microscopic, and microbiologic postmortem lung findings in patients with COVID-19 infections.Design.—Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and postmortem examination (March 2020–May 2020) were included. Clinical findings were abstracted from medical records. Lungs were microscopically reviewed independently by 4 thoracic pathologists. Imaging studies were reviewed by a thoracic radiologist.Results.—Eight patients (7 men, 87.5%; median age, 79 years; range, 69–96 years) died within a median of 17 days (range, 6–100 days) from onset of symptoms. The median lung weight was 1220 g (range, 960–1760 g); consolidations were found in 5 patients (62.5%) and gross thromboemboli were noted in 1 patient (12.5%). Histologically, all patients had acute bronchopneumonia; 6 patients (75%) also had diffuse alveolar damage. Two patients (25%) had aspiration pneumonia in addition. Thromboemboli, usually scattered and rare, were identified in 5 patients (62.5%) in small vessels and in 2 of these patients also in pulmonary arteries. Four patients (50%) had perivascular chronic inflammation. Postmortem bacterial lung cultures were positive in 4 patients (50%). Imaging studies (available in 4 patients) were typical (n = 2, 50%), indeterminate (n = 1, 25%), or negative (n = 1, 25%) for COVID-19 infection.Conclusions.—Our study shows that patients infected with COVID-19 not only have diffuse alveolar damage but also commonly have acute bronchopneumonia and aspiration pneumonia. These findings are important for management of these patients.
Other-initiations of repair in Norwegian Sign Language
Authors: Skedsmo Kristian 
Published: August 2020

During the last five decades, a substantial amount of research has been conducted into conversational repair (Schegloff, Jefferson, & Sacks, 1977), and especially other-initiation of repair (OIR). A vast part of the research has been on spoken English, without considering or having access to embodied practices. Through a series of examples, this explorative paper provides a brief overview of formats and subtypes of other-initiation of self-repair employed in Norwegian Sign Language (NTS). Special attention is given to the implicit open-class repair-initiation “freeze-look”, as identified by Manrique (2016), Manrique and Enfield (2015), and Manrique, Enfield, Levinson, Crasborn, and Floyd (2017) in Argentine Sign Language, and to the subtype of restricted repair-initiations categorized as candidate offers. The data has been extracted from a corpus of informal multi-person conversations among deaf adult co-workers, recorded at their workplaces.
The results show a high degree of overlap with formats found in spoken languages, but also highlight features that seem to be unique to signed languages and the visual mode of communication. The examples presented take the form of summaries, transcriptions, uncensored video clips, and series of stills.
Pressupostos para uma ecologia integral à luz de Hildegarda de Bingen
Authors: Silva Dirce Gomes 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar pressupostos para uma ecologia integral, tendo por base a teologia da criação e ecologia, vivenciada de forma holística na vida de Hildegarda de Bingen no qual desperta para o contexto atual, a saber, Amazônia: novos caminhos para a Igreja e para uma ecologia integral. Assim sendo o legado deixado por Hildegarda, aponta para a humanidade contemporânea, o respeito, valor e dignidade da vida do ser humano enquanto criatura do criador. Para os tempos atuais, a teologia hildegardiana, com sua audácia, profecia, mística, vivência holística e integral ecológica, indica, que o ser humano, para honrar a Deus, é necessário primeiramente viver uma interação com o seu meio ambiente, em sua potencialidade, enquanto alma, mente e corpo tornando parte integrante de um cosmo. Dotada de um carisma excepcional, por tudo que envolve a obra criadora de Deus, ela busca amar e valorizar toda a natureza enquanto obra do criador atingindo assim a mais elevada teologia da criação e contemplação mística.
Study the Seed and Oil Yield Stability of Sunflower Hybrids across Environments
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Morad Kh. A. , Attia M. A. , Ghareeb Zeinab E. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the nature of genotypes-environments interaction (GEI) and identify the most stable sunflower hybrids that can give high seed yield with high oil yield under a wide range of environmental conditions in Egypt.
Place and Duration of Study: Fifteen hybrids were evaluated across three years (2017 to 2019) and three locations (Giza, Ettay El-Barod and Shandaweel).
Study Design: The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
Methodology: Analysis of variance, some stability methods as additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effects and genotype-by-environment interaction effects (GGE-biplot) were conducted. Results of stability indices were ranked as AMMI Stability Value (ASV), yield stability (YSI) and rank-sum (RSI) and heritability was estimated.
Results: Combined analysis revealed that GEI was highly significant, indicating the possibility of selection for stable ones. AMMI analysis confirmed that the seed yield performance of sunflower hybrids was largely influenced by the environment. On the contrary, environments recorded less impact on oil yield as compared to the effect of hybrids (genetics). Then, heritability estimate of oil yield trait (93.86%) was higher than the seed yield one (31.10%). Indices of YSI and RSI presented that hybrids (H15, H7 and H11) and (H7, H8 and H15) were the best stable promising ones in seed and oil yield, respectively. GGE-biplot analysis indicated that hybrids (H15, H7, H4 and H11) and (H7, H15, H8 and H15) were considered as the most ideal for seed and oil yield, respectively whereas Shandweel was the ideal environment for both.
Conclusion: Therefore, all analyses agreed on hybrids H15, H7 and H11 were considered as the most desirable and stable ones. These hybrids can be recommended for wider cultivation due to better seed and oil yield with stable performance across the test environments.
Conventional Lathe Remanufacturing into CNC Machine Tool: Uncertainty Modeling Approach
Authors: Abdullah Ziyad Tariq 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Uncertainty modeling to study possibility of proposing several remanufacturing alternatives of conventional lathe into CNC machine tool.
Study Design: Conventional lathe into CNC machine remanufacturing-upgrading experience is used to project the suitable literature comparatively to construct uncertainty modeling. Faults modes of conventional lathe are studied to propose different remanufacturing solution based on faults literature viewpoints in field of lathe remanufacturing-upgrading, which are reviewed and modified to accommodate new changes that can accompany the current case study.
Place and Duration of Study: Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Mechanical Techniques Department, between January 2020 and July 2020.
Methodology: Decision making for selection of remanufactured alternatives and remanufacturing portfolio alternatives in field of lathe remanufacturing are reviewed. Experience in field of lathe remanufacturing is exploited to remodeling of existence models to optimize a remanufactured lathe into CNC machine as a case study. Methodology can be concluded into:-

Literature survey to find two paths of:
Faults and their statutes study.
Remanufacturing portfolio study.
Literature re-presentation and modeling.
Literature results graphical modeling.
Mathematical modeling of remanufacturability.
Restoration alternative modeling
Modeling of uncertainty.

Results: Emerged technology aided conventional lathe into CNC lathe remanufacturing alternative exhibits good behavior of criteria toward optimization. While Advanced technology aided conventional lathe into CNC lathe remanufacturing alternative exhibits behavior to be of interesting ability to be a reservoir of developing potentials. Conventional technology aided conventional lathe remanufacturing alternative is of lower potentials to be developed into optimum solution.
Conclusion: Remanufacturing-upgrading of conventional lathe into CNC machine in its mechanical part, it is merely traditional remanufacturing process of conventional lathe. Developing potentials can include that gearbox can be eliminated due to use of motorized axis, feed rod and lead screws, in both forward and transvers directions, can be replaced with motorized ball screws. Also tool post can be replaced with automatic tool changer while dovetail guide ways and saddles can be reused. Comparative literature based analysis and experience based analysis for uncertainty reduction can substitute the leak of relevant data acquisition for decision-making in field of remanufacturing. Uncertainty reduction modeling can enable simplify certain difficulties, the calculation of some criteria and adopting of simplified analysis methods so that theoretic and practical gap can be directed towards certain actual conditions to reach the optimum solution.
Optimization of Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Dengue Virus
Authors: Azizi Kaunara A. , Ndaro Arnold J. , Maro Athanasia , Saro Adonira , Kavishe Reginald A. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study was set to optimize conditions for real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of dengue virus by using rapid and simple nucleic acid extraction method.
Methodology: One step and two step real time RT-PCR were evaluated in different PCR thermocyclers. Extraction of viral RNA was done by using a simple boom method.
Results: The real time RT-PCR technique was successfully optimized using simple and rapid method for purification of nucleic acid, ‘boom method’. The technique works better when performed in a two-step procedure and can works well with all range of real time PCR machines. The optimized real time RT-PCR used in the present study is a valuable and reliable technique for routine diagnosis of dengue. Further investigation on the cost effectiveness in adopting this technique for routine screening and monitoring of the dengue infection should be done.
Assessment on the Use of High Capacity “Sn4P3”/NHC Composite Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ether and Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Palaniselvam Thangavelu , Mukundan Charan , Hasa Ivana , Santhosha Aggunda L. , Goktas Mustafa , Moon Hyein , Ruttert Mirco , Schmuch Richard , Pollok Kilian , Langenhorst Falko , Winter Martin , Passerini Stefano , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work reports the facile synthesis of a Sn–P composite combined with nitrogen doped hard carbon (NHC) obtained by ball‐milling and its use as electrode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The “Sn4P3”/NHC electrode (with nominal composition “Sn4P3”:NHC = 75:25 wt%) when coupled with a diglyme‐based electrolyte rather than the most commonly employed carbonate‐based systems, exhibits a reversible capacity of 550 mAh gelectrode−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 440 mAh gelectrode−1 over 500 cycles (83% capacity retention). Morphology and solid electrolyte interphase formation of cycled “Sn4P3”/NHC electrodes is studied via electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The expansion of the electrode upon sodiation (300 mAh gelectrode−1) is only about 12–14% as determined by in situ electrochemical dilatometry, giving a reasonable explanation for the excellent cycle life despite the conversion‐type storage mechanism. In situ X‐ray diffraction shows that the discharge product is Na15Sn4. The formation of mostly amorphous Na3P is derived from the overall (electro)chemical reactions. Upon charge the formation of Sn is observed while amorphous P is derived, which are reversibly alloying with Na in the subsequent cycles. However, the formation of Sn4P3 can be certainly excluded.
Irradiation‐Induced Extremes Create Hierarchical Face‐/Body‐Centered‐Cubic Phases in Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Jiang Li , Hu Yong‐Jie , Sun Kai , Xiu Pengyuan , Song Miao , Zhang Yanwen , Boldman Walker L. , Crespillo Miguel L. , Rack Philip D. , Qi Liang , Weber William J. , Wang Lumin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA nanoscale hierarchical dual‐phase structure is reported to form in a nanocrystalline NiFeCoCrCu high‐entropy‐alloy (HEA) film via ion irradiation. Under the extreme energy deposition and consequent thermal energy dissipation induced by energetic particles, a fundamentally new phenomenon is revealed, in which the original single‐phase face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) structure partially transforms into alternating nanometer layers of a body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) structure. The orientation relationship follows the Nishiyama–Wasser‐man relationship, that is, (011)BCC || ( 1¯1¯1)FCC and [100]BCC || [ 11¯0]FCC. Simulation results indicate that Cr, as a BCC stabilizing element, exhibits a tendency to segregate to the stacking faults (SFs). Furthermore, the high densities of SFs and twin boundaries in each nanocrystalline grain serve to accelerate the nucleation and growth of the BCC phase during irradiation. By adjusting the irradiation parameters, desired thicknesses of the FCC and BCC phases in the laminates can be achieved. This work demonstrates the controlled formation of an attractive dual‐phase nanolaminate structure under ion irradiation and provides a strategy for designing new derivate structures of HEAs.
Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Cha Hyungyeon , Kim Junhyeok , Lee Hyomyung , Kim Namhyung , Hwang Jaeseong , Sung Jaekyung , Yoon Moonsu , Kim Kyungho , Cho Jaephil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConventional nickel‐rich cathode materials suffer from reaction heterogeneity during electrochemical cycling particularly at high temperature, because of their polycrystalline properties and secondary particle morphology. Despite intensive research on the morphological evolution of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, its practical investigation at the electrode and cell levels is still rarely discussed. Herein, an intrinsic limitation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich cathode materials in high‐energy full‐cells is discovered under industrial electrode‐fabrication conditions. Owing to their highly unstable chemo‐mechanical properties, even after the first cycle, nickel‐rich materials are degraded in the longitudinal direction of the high‐energy electrode. This inhomogeneous degradation behavior of nickel‐rich materials at the electrode level originates from the overutilization of active materials on the surface side, causing a severe non‐uniform potential distribution during long‐term cycling. In addition, this phenomenon continuously lowers the reversibility of lithium ions. Consequently, considering the degradation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, this study suggests the adoption of a robust single‐crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a feasible alternative, to effectively suppress the localized overutilization of active materials. Such an adoption can stabilize the electrochemical performance of high‐energy lithium‐ion cells, in which superior capacity retention above ≈80% after 1000 cycles at 45 °C is demonstrated.
Controlled Lengthwise Assembly of Helical Peptide Nanofibers to Modulate CD8+ T‐Cell Responses
Authors: Fries Chelsea N. , Wu Yaoying , Kelly Sean H. , Wolf Michelle , Votaw Nicole L. , Zauscher Stefan , Collier Joel H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeptide nanofibers are useful for many biological applications, including immunotherapy, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The robust lengthwise assembly of these peptides into nanofibers is typically difficult to control, resulting in polydisperse fiber lengths and an incomplete understanding of how nanofiber length affects biological responses. Here, rationally designed capping peptides control the length of helical peptide nanofibers with unique precision. These designed peptides bind the tips of elongated nanofibers to shorten and narrow their length distributions. Demonstrating their use as immunotherapies, capped nanofibers are preferentially cross‐presented by dendritic cells compared to uncapped nanofibers. Due to increased cross‐presentation, these capped nanofibers trigger stronger CD8+ T‐cell responses in mice than uncapped nanofibers. This strategy illustrates a means for controlling the length of supramolecular peptide nanofibers to modulate their immunogenicity in the context of immunotherapies.
Morphological variants of silent bared‐teeth displays have different social interaction outcomes in crested macaques (Macaca nigra)
Authors: Clark Peter R. , Waller Bridget M. , Burrows Anne M. , Julle‐Danière Eglantine , Agil Muhammad , Engelhardt Antje , Micheletta Jérôme 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesWhile it has been demonstrated that even subtle variation in human facial expressions can lead to significant changes in the meaning and function of expressions, relatively few studies have examined primate facial expressions using similarly objective and rigorous analysis. Construction of primate facial expression repertoires may, therefore, be oversimplified, with expressions often arbitrarily pooled and/or split into subjective pigeonholes. Our objective is to assess whether subtle variation in primate facial expressions is linked to variation in function, and hence to inform future attempts to quantify complexity of facial communication.Materials and MethodsWe used Macaque Facial Action Coding System, an anatomically based and hence more objective tool, to quantify “silent bared‐teeth” (SBT) expressions produced by wild crested macaques engaging in spontaneous behavior, and utilized discriminant analysis and bootstrapping analysis to look for morphological differences between SBT produced in four different contexts, defined by the outcome of interactions: Affiliation, Copulation, Play, and Submission.ResultsWe found that SBT produced in these contexts could be distinguished at significantly above‐chance rates, indicating that the expressions produced in these four contexts differ morphologically. We identified the specific facial movements that were typically used in each context, and found that the variability and intensity of facial movements also varied between contexts.DiscussionThese results indicate that nonhuman primate facial expressions share the human characteristic of exhibiting meaningful subtle differences. Complexity of facial communication may not be accurately represented simply by building repertoires of distinct expressions, so further work should attempt to take this subtle variability into account.
A Universal Graphene Quantum Dot Tethering Design Strategy to Synthesize Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Jin Song , Ni Youxuan , Hao Zhimeng , Zhang Kai , Lu Yong , Yan Zhenhua , Wei Yajuan , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chan Ting‐Shan , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA general graphene quantum dot‐tethering design strategy to synthesize single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is presented. The strategy is applicable to different metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and supports (0D carbon nanosphere, 1D carbon nanotube, 2D graphene nanosheet, and 3D graphite foam) with the metal loading of 3.0–4.5 wt %. The direct transmission electron microscopy imaging and X‐ray absorption spectra analyses confirm the atomic dispersed metal in carbon supports. Our study reveals that the abundant oxygenated groups for complexing metal ions and the rich defective sites for incorporating nitrogen are essential to realize the synthesis of SACs. Furthermore, the carbon nanotube supported Ni SACs exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction with nearly 100 % CO selectivity. This universal strategy is expected to open up new research avenues to produce SACs for diverse electrocatalytic applications.
A Pure‐Red Doublet Emission with 90 % Quantum Yield: Stable, Colorless, Iodinated Triphenylmethane Solid
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Hao , Hamzehpoor Ehsan , Sakai‐Otsuka Yoko , Jadhav Thaksen , Perepichka Dmitrii F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRed luminescence is found in off‐white tris(iodoperchlorophenyl)methane (3I‐PTMH) crystals which is characterized by a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY 91 %) and color purity (CIE coordinates 0.66, 0.34). The emission originates from the doublet excited state of the neutral radical 3I‐PTMR, which is spontaneously formed and becomes embedded in the 3I‐PTMH matrix. The radical defect can also be deliberately introduced into 3I‐PTMH crystals which maintain a high PLQY with up to 4 % radical concentration. The immobilized iodinated radical demonstrates excellent photostability (estimated half‐life >1 year under continuous irradiation) and intriguing luminescent lifetime (69 ns). TD‐DFT calculations demonstrate that electron‐donating iodine atoms accelerate the radiative transition while the rigid halogen‐bonded matrix suppresses the nonradiative decay.