bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice Thresher Machines in Handling System Alley Blow Rice in Post-Harvest
Authors: Adri Junil , Rahim Bulkia , Refdina  , Erizon Nelvi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The problem faced by Indonesia in 2017-2018 is the lack of food production which resulted in Indonesia having to import rice from neighboring countries. The low food productivity, especially rice, is due to the large number of shifts from paddy fields to oil palm and others. To boost interest and productivity in the field of rice farming, it is necessary to have innovation and special attention from all parties towards rice farming. In this service activity, the service team innovated the rice thresher machine. This innovation is in the form of adding aisles on the threshing machine. The function of this blowing tunnel is to streamline the threshing process that is able to effectively separate filled and empty rice. The method used in this service is survey and demonstration. The survey method is used to see farmers’ problems in real terms. While the demonstration method is used to introduce technology and innovation to farmers in the process of threshing rice. Problems faced by farmers in the threshing process are a burden both in terms of cost and labor. To overcome this problem, the dedication team made a thresher machine that would be used by the target population in the Sungai Duo area of Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. This activity was enthusiastically welcomed by farmers, especially farmer groups in the Sungai Duo area. Innovation in the threshing process is new and badly needed. With this activity it is hoped that the community will be helped in the process of threshing rice. The rice thresher machine with the blown aisle system is handed over to the kenagarian equipment which will then be managed for community use.
Potential of heavy metal cd, pb in affecting non-organic agricultural land levels
Authors: Widowati Hening , Sutanto Agus , Achyani  , Thresia Fenny , Hendri Nedi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Non-organic farming is not environmentally friendly, its management operations involve a lot of material that has the potential as a pollutant and free radicals, can affect the quality of the land of agricultural land. This study examines the presence of Cd, Pb heavy metals which can influence the nutrient levels of agricultural land. The study was conducted using the expose facto method, randomly taking 8 types of soil samples of agricultural land products with 4 replications in the agricultural land of Karangrejo Sub-District, Metro Utara, Metro Lampung City, in April 2019. Furthermore, samples were analyzed for the heavy metal content of Cd, Pb, N, P, K in the hope of knowing the relationship related to the availability of nutrients in agricultural land. Regression analysis and T-test showed that there were differences in the influence of the presence and levels of Cd, Pb metals on N, P, K levels in agricultural land. Heavy metals Cd, Pb contribute to suppressing levels of N, P, K in non-organic agricultural land.
Effect of Method and Duration of Curing on the Compressive Strength of the Lime-Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Adam Andi Arham , Akifa Sri Nur , Siregar Atur P.N. , Mustofa  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of lime to produce ambient cured Geopolymer concrete is one of a practical solution to avoid heat curing in the production of geopolymer concrete. The addition of lime in the geopolymer system will add another hardened mechanism, i.e. hydration in addition to condensation-polymerisation. This research aims to determine the influence of air and water curing on the strength of geopolymer concrete which uses class F fly ash and lime as raw materials. The geopolymer concrete was produced by varying the activator (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) with the variation of the activator to binder ratio of 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60. Five per cent of the fly ash was replaced by slaked lime and the water added to the mix to maintain the ratio of water to solid (activator + binder) to 0.32. The test specimens were 100 mm dia x 200 mm height cylinder. Water-immersion curing was performed for 7, 14, and 21 days and the compressive strength test was done at 28 days. The results show that there is a difference in the curing process between the geopolymer concrete and the normal concrete. In the geopolymer concrete, there is a decrease in compressive strength if soaked for seven days and recovered with the increase in the age of immersion. Whereas for normal concrete, the compressive strength continues to increase with increasing age of immersion.
Identification of Ground Water Using the Wenner-Sclumberger Configuration Method in Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin
Authors: Andas Jukepsa , Maiyudi Riko , Yulhendra Dedi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In general, groundwater processes are formed because water is absorbed from the surface into rock layers. The capacity of groundwater contained in a rock layer depends on the density, rock age, grain structure and grain size. Equitable distribution and distribution of ground water can be described vertically and horizontally according to the distribution of rock formations capable of storing and carrying water (permeable) or so-called aquifers. Geoelectric estimation basically uses the electrical properties of a rock formation on electric current that is injected in the direction of the earth through two current electrodes at two points on the surface of the earth and then reduces the potential differences that occur at two other points on the earth’s surface. For proper study this study is the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Basically, this geoelectric estimation aims to get a picture of the spread of rock layers that can store and carry water (aquifers).
Students’ Verbal Representation Abilities in Solving Geometry Problems
Authors: Septiani Dian , Riyadi  , Triyanto  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The research aims to identify the verbal representation ability of students in solving geometry problems. This method uses descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were 10 students of 8th grade at Islamic Junior High School 2 Sragen. The data were obtained through a test of mathematical representation abilities and interviews. The validity of the data in this study uses the triangulation method. This data analysis shows that 20% of students have high verbal representation ability, 30% of students have medium verbal representation ability, and 50% of students have low verbal representation ability. The results show that most students have low verbal representation ability. Students are still having trouble writing steps to solve problems using words. It is because students are not accustomed to communicating their ideas with written or verbal words.
The Effect of Katuk Leaf (Sauropusandrogynus L. Merr.) Biscuit Consumption toward Increasing Breastmilk Volume on the 10th Day
Authors: Handayani S , Setyawati I , Ariendha D S R , Pratiwi Y S , Idyawati S , Fatmawati N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The research aimed to analyze the effect of katuk leaf biscuit consumption toward increasing breastmilk volume on the 10th day. The research subjects are postpartum mother and baby on the first day at the health center of Bandung city. The research was RCT post-test only control group design with a double-blind approach with sample consisted of n1=n2=50 respondents. First treatment group were given the katuk leaf biscuit and the control group were biscuit not katuk leaf, for 9th days. Data were collected and analyzed by the Mann Whitney test. The result of the research shown the significant effect of katuk leaf biscuits towards increasing breastmilk volume on the 10th day of postpartum with a high percentage of 79,6%. The result from counting Number Needed to Treat (NNT) breastmilk volume gained NNT =3. The increased of breastmilk volume caused by katuk leaf were contained fitosterol and papaverin that can increase the prolactin and oxytocin hormone. It is also containing nutrition as the material for breastmilk production. The conclusion of the research there was a significant effect of katuk leaf biscuit consumption towards increasing breastmilk production volume. So that the biscuit can be used as a supplement to increase the breastmilk volume.
Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry–Based α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Testing
Authors: Murray Josiah D , Willrich Maria A , Krowka Michael J , Bobr Aleh , Murray David L , Halling Kevin C , Graham Rondell P , Snyder Melissa R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesFailure to produce sufficient quantities of functional α1-antitrypsin (AAT) can result in AAT deficiency (AATD) and significant comorbidities. Laboratory testing plays a vital role in AATD, with diagnosis requiring documentation of both a low AAT level and a mutated allele. This retrospective evaluation examines the efficacy of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (proteotyping)–based algorithm for AATD detection.MethodsA 16-month retrospective data analysis was performed on two cohorts: 5,474 samples tested with the proteotype-based algorithm and 16,147 samples directly tested by isoelectric focusing (IEF) phenotyping.ResultsLC-MS/MS reduced the rate of IEF testing by 97%. The 3% of cases reflexed to IEF resulted in 12 (0.2%) additional phenotype findings. Retrospectively applying the proteotype-based algorithm to the IEF cohort demonstrated a 99.9% sensitivity for the detection of deficiency-associated phenotypes. Most deficiency phenotypes missed by the proteotyping algorithm would come from heterozygous patients with an F, I, or P paired to an S or Z. In all of these cases, patient AAT levels were greater than 70 mg/dL, above the threshold for AAT augmentation therapy.ConclusionsThe proteotype algorithm is a sensitive and cost-effective approach for the diagnosis of clinical AAT deficiency.
The BODY-Q Chest Module: Further Validation in a Canadian Chest Masculinization Surgery Sample
Authors: Klassen Anne F , McEvenue Giancarlo , Wang Yi , Rae Charlene , Kaur Manraj , Johnson Natasha , Savard Kinusan , Semple John , Pusic Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The BODY-Q Chest module is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument that measures satisfaction with how the chest (10 items) and nipples (5 items) look. This PRO instrument was previously field tested in an international sample of people seeking treatment for gynecomastia (n = 174), weight loss (n = 224), and chest masculinization (n = 341).

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric performance of the BODY-Q Chest module in a new chest masculinization surgery sample.

Methods
Data were collected from patients attending a private plastic surgery outpatient clinic in Canada between January 2018 and June 2019. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used to examine how the scales performed psychometrically.

Results
The sample provided 266 assessments (115 preoperative, 151 postoperative). All items had ordered thresholds, providing evidence that the 4 response options for each scale worked as expected. Item fit was within ±2.5 for all items, with all Bonferroni adjusted chi-square values nonsignificant. The data for the chest (χ2(20) = 18.72, P = 0.54) and nipples (χ 2(10) = 12.28, P = 0.27) scales fit the requirements of the Rasch model. Reliability was high with person separation index and Cronbach’s α values of ≥0.95 for the chest and ≥0.87 for the nipple scales, respectively. More depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and lower health-related quality of life scales were weakly correlated with worse scores on the chest and nipple scales (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The BODY-Q Chest module was shown to be scientifically sound in an independent sample of patients seeking chest masculinization surgery.
Defining a Preauricular Safe Zone: A Cadaveric Study of the Frontotemporal Branch of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Kucukguven Arda , Ulkir Mehmet , Bilgic Kucukguven Meric , Demiryurek Mehmet Deniz , Vargel Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
In the preauricular region, the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve is vulnerable to injury, which can result in facial palsy and poor cosmesis after surgical interventions.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to describe variations in the branching patterns of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve and the relation between this branch and the surrounding anatomic landmarks. Based on our findings, we propose a Danger Zone and Safe Zones for preauricular interventions to avoid frontal branch injury.

Methods
Twenty cadaveric half-heads, 10 freshly frozen and 10 embalmed, were dissected. The anatomy of the auriculotemporal nerve, facial nerve, and variations of its branching pattern in the preauricular region were investigated.

Results
The mean [standard deviation] number of frontotemporal branches crossing the zygomatic arch was 2.05 [0.6]. Beginning from the X point at the apex of the intertragal notch, frontal branches ran over the zygomatic arch at a distance extending from 10 to 31 mm anterior to the tragus, which can be defined as the Danger Zone for frontal branches. Safe Zones A and B are triangular regions located behind and in front of the Danger Zone, respectively.

Conclusions
Mapping of these Safety and Danger Zones is a reliable and simple approach in preauricular interventions to avoid frontal branch injury because the facial nerve typically has multiple frontal branches. This approach provides practical information for surgeons rather than estimating the trajectory of a single frontal branch from Pitanuy's line.
Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) use color patterning, but not the colors themselves, as a cue to eject interspecific parasitic eggs
Authors: Butler Michael W , Stine Maya E , Ki Kwanho C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Brood parasitism results in substantial costs to hosts, yet not all species eject foreign eggs. Because the costs of mistakenly ejecting one’s own eggs are high, selection may favor ejection behavior only if it is unlikely a host will incorrectly eject her own eggs. Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) are currently subject to relatively low levels of interspecific brood parasitism but still sometimes eject parasitic eggs. Therefore, we tested which visual cues they use to eject foreign eggs with the prediction that only the most dissimilar eggs would be ejected, reducing the likelihood of a female making a mistake. House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), which occasionally parasitize bluebirds, lay eggs that have an off-white ground color with brown speckling. Therefore, to test which colors or patterns allow for discrimination of parasitic eggs, we generated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed model House Sparrow eggs and painted them entirely off-white, entirely brown, half off-white and half brown, or off-white with brown speckling. We then sequentially placed these 4 different model eggs in the nests of Eastern Bluebirds, with each nest receiving all treatments over the course of 4 days. After watching females enter and leave the nest box just one time after placement of the model egg, we found that speckled eggs were ejected half the time (7 of 14 nests), while no other treatment was ejected more than 3 times. Thus, Eastern Bluebird females eject eggs based primarily on color patterning (i.e. a speckled pattern) rather than coloration per se, and that they can do so quickly, as the average female had removed the model egg within 6 min of entering the nest. Because Eastern Bluebirds do not lay speckled eggs, but some brood parasites do (e.g., House Sparrows, Brown-headed Cowbirds [Molothrus ater]), selection may specifically favor ejection of eggs with a speckled pattern, not just eggs that have within-egg color contrasts.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: An Evolving Therapy
Authors: Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Midha Vandana , Mahajan Ramit , Kao Dina , Rubin David T , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently an approved treatment for recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. However, its use in ulcerative colitis is at an early stage and significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms and logistics of its practical application.

Methods and results
This article aims to look into specific issues which remain unsettled for use of FMT in ulcerative colitis including donor and recipient selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy. We also discuss optimal ways to assess response to FMT and the current state of FMT regulations. In addition, we postulate the impact of diet on the microbiome profile of the donor and recipient. We also suggest a change in the nomenclature from FMT to fecal microbiome transfer.

Conclusion
FMT is an evolving therapy. There are several considerations for its use in UC but its use and role should be directed by further clinical trials.
What is the Price of Tea in China? Goods Prices and Availability in Chinese Cities
Authors: Feenstra Robert C , Xu Mingzhi , Antoniades Alexis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers’ sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger cities, but that effect is more pronounced in China. Combining the lower prices and greater variety, the price indexes in China for the goods we study fall with city size by around seven times more than in the United States.
Provisional Application of Treaties: The EU’s Contribution to the Development of International Law
Authors: Chamon Merijn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Provisional application has become a quasi-automatic corollary to the signature of mixed bilateral European Union (EU) agreements. Resort to provisional application is thereby informed by a rationale hitherto unknown in international law: it allows federal polities where the federal level does not have exclusive treaty making powers to develop an effective external action that is not hindered by that polity’s complex internal division of competences. This article argues that the EU has also developed a rather consistent practice in relation to provisional application. The EU thereby distinguishes between its treaty partners whereby some of them simply agree that the EU unilaterally determines the scope of provisional application. Because of the reference to the EU’s internal division of competence, the internal law of the parties, something that is typically not relevant under international law, acquires legal significance. The EU’s practice is found to be largely in line with the Draft Guidelines on Provisional Application that are being elaborated by the International Law Commission, although clearly it is also more refined on some points. Lastly, the article identifies one pressing issue which requires clarification, and which is not properly addressed in the Draft Guidelines. That is the question on the fate of the provisional application by the EU of part of a mixed agreement where one individual EU member state has decided not to ratify that agreement.
Arrhythmia exacerbation after post-infarction ventricular tachycardia ablation: prevalence and prognostic significance
Authors: Siontis Konstantinos C , Kim Hyungjin M , Vergara Pasquale , Peretto Giovanni , Do Duc H , de Riva Marta , Lam Anna , Qian Pierre , Yokokawa Miki , Jongnarangsin Krit , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jais Pierre , Sacher Fred , Tedrow Usha , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Zeppenfeld Katja , Della Bella Paolo , Stevenson William G , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for post-infarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, some patients may experience a worsened arrhythmia phenotype after ablation. We aimed to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of arrhythmia exacerbation (AE) after post-infarction VT ablation.

Methods and results
A total of 1187 consecutive patients (93% men, median age 68 years, median ejection fraction 30%) who underwent post-infarction VT ablation at six centres were included. Arrhythmia exacerbation was defined as post-ablation VT storm or incessant VT in patients without prior similar events. During follow-up (median 717 days), 426 (36%) patients experienced VT recurrence. Events qualifying as AE occurred in 67 patients (6%). Median times to VT recurrence with and without AE were 238 [interquartile range (IQR) 35–640] days and 135 (IQR 22–521) days, respectively (P = 0.25). Almost half of the patients (46%) who experienced AE experienced it within 6 months of the index procedure. Patients with AE had had longer ablation times during the ablation procedures compared to the rest of the patients (median 42 vs. 34 min, P = 0.02). Among patients with VT recurrence, the risk of death or heart transplantation was significantly higher in patients with than without AE (hazard ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.28–3.10; P = 0.002) after adjusting for age, gender, ejection fraction, cardiac resynchronization therapy, post-ablation non-inducibility, and post-ablation amiodarone use.

Conclusion
Arrhythmia exacerbation after ablation of infarct-related VT is infrequent but is independently associated with an adverse long-term outcome among patients who experience a VT recurrence. The mechanisms and mitigation strategies of AE after catheter ablation require further investigation.
Mediterranean Sea bacteria as a potential source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Romano Roberta , Raddadi Noura , Fava Fabio 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), including EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are important nutritional ingredients in fish feed. So far, fish oil has been used as a main source of LC-PUFAs; however, the limited global supply of fish oil is not able to meet the demand of the growing aquaculture sector. Hence, sustainability of aquaculture industry could be supported by searching alternative sources of these compounds. Marine microorganisms represent a sustainable and stable supply source of LC-PUFAs. A collection of 209 bacterial isolates obtained from sediment samples recovered in the Mediterranean Sea was screened in order to select new LC-PUFAs producers. Among 95 putative producers selected based on colourimetric screening, 31 quickly growing were selected for further studies. The detection of LC-PUFAs was confirmed from 15 isolates belonging to the genera Marinobacter, Halomonas and Thalassospira by GC-FID analysis. Among them, the isolate Marinobacter sp. G16.20 was found to be a potentially high LC-PUFA producer exhibiting relatively high levels of DHA in particular (maximum productivity of 1.85 ± 0.371 mg/g, representing 45.89% of the total fatty acids detected and identified). Microorganisms belonging to the genera reported in this study showed biotechnological traits interesting for their potential future application in aquaculture.