bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV infection and AIDS reported cases in two municipalities near Lisbon between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Cunha I , Lopes D , Bragança Pereira M , Duarte S , Moreira A , Abreu Gomes F , Machado Gil M , Esteves H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the WHO European Region, in 2018, there were 16.2 newly diagnosed HIV infections per 100,000. In Portugal, there were 9.5 new cases per 100,000 population. The aim of this study is to analyse HIV/AIDS's notifications in the group of primary healthcare centres of Loures-Odivelas (ACES LO), with 340,000 inhabitants, between 2015 and 2019.

Methods
An observational, descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study was performed. Data was collected in March 2020, from the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance Database. Variables included were age, sex, HIV's presentation, country of probable origin of infection, probable form of transmission, partner characteristics, pregnancy at diagnosis, reason for testing/consultation, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) before diagnostic of AIDS. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables.

Results
In ACES LO, there were 83 notified cases of HIV infection/AIDS between 2015 and 2019, with 36.1% of cases notified in 2019. The male to female ratio was 1.4. The average age was 41.7 years old. At time of notification, 56.6% of cases were asymptomatic and 25.3% had clinical criteria for AIDS. Guinea-Bissau was the probable origin of infection in 43.0% of cases (n = 23). Men having sex with men (MSM) was the probable form of transmission in 19.3% of cases. In 19.6% of cases of heterosexual contact, the partner was known to have HIV infection. Six women were pregnant at time of diagnosis. Testing was done on a routine basis in 22.2% of cases (n = 54). Among those with clinical criteria for AIDS (n = 21), 5 cases had previously taken ART.

Conclusions
There was an increase in notified cases of HIV infection/AIDS from 2015 to 2019 in ACES LO. The male to female ratio was lower than for Portugal in 2018.The proportion of cases with AIDS at time of notification was higher than for Portugal in 2018. Preventive strategies should be reinforced for people with partners diagnosed with HIV infection and perhaps for people.

Key messages
More than one third of cases were notified in 2019. Preventive strategies should be reinforced for people with partners diagnosed with HIV infection.
Development an app for monitoring stress level and early detection of mental disorders in Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari I M , Sinuraya R K , Witriani W , Aridarma A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Stress may contribute to physical and mental health problems. The number of people with mental-emotional disorders has reached up to be 19 million people in Indonesia in 2018. Monitoring stress levels and early detection are important to prevent serious mental health problems. Therefore, we are developing De-stres©, a mobile app for monitoring the stress level and early detection of mental health disorders in Bahasa Indonesia.

Methods
De-stres© was developed for android OS and web-based app by using the web2py framework and PostgreSQL database. The app used the PSS-10 and Beck Depression-II questionnaires that were available in Bahasa Indonesia. It had six main functions: creating an account, approving the informed consent, filling the questionnaire, generating test results automatically, advice from psychologists based on the test result and saving test history.

Results
A month since its launch, the six functions test ran well on the Android OS and the website. A preliminary result showed that the app was downloaded more than 100 times from Google Playstore. Among the 420 data records, 71.6% (301) app users were students, with 60.7% (255) using the app to measure only stress level, 25.5% (107) resulting in severe stress and 4% (17) severe depression.

Conclusions
De-stres© is successfully developed and a promising instrument that can be implemented for Indonesia, by providing preliminary self-administered questionnaire.

Key messages
De-stres© is an app for monitoring stress levels and early detection of mental health problems and successfully developed with preliminary self-administered questionnaires in Bahasa Indonesia. De-stres© is a promising app that can be implemented for preventing serious mental health disorders in Indonesia.
Barriers and facilitators to a health information exchange system for general practitioners
Authors: Centemero N S , Rechel B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Health information exchange (HIE) systems, that are computer-based tools used by healthcare providers for secure access to share patient's medical information electronically, seem to help reduce the use of specific resources and improve the quality of care. This highlights the importance of this issue in the Public Health sector. This research goal is to identify barriers and facilitators perceived by general practitioners (GPs) when using an HIE system in a Southern Switzerland area.

Methods
we performed a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, interviewed 10 GPs, randomly selected among some 500 HIE system local users and analysed interview transcripts using thematic content analysis with an abductive approach (a mix of deductive and inductive approaches).

Results
findings showed the following key facilitators: a) perception of dealing with a secure system; b) possibility of delegating management to secretaries and healthcare assistants; c) technical support and training; d) high quality of the information exchange; e) positive impact on clinical practice; and f) regional context. However, major challenges persist, and GPs reported the following main barriers to using an HIE system: a) frequent lack of all patient information needed; b) no effective workflow improvements; c) lack of some technical features.

Conclusions
We propose four recommendations based on findings: 1. Future initiatives should focus on developing HIE systems giving GPs access to all possible patient medical information; 2. Crucial data privacy and security issues should never be overlooked; 3. Technical and workflow improvements should particularly consider the socio-technical nature of HIE systems; 4. Much attention needs to be paid to the importance of relationships between health care providers and between these and local health institutions when implementing HIE systems.

Key messages
This study filled a research gap as it is the first that tackles HIE system barriers and facilitators in Ticino. When information sharing for clinical practice focuses on improving the quality and costs of healthcare, GP's trust in HIE system security is crucial.
The role of mHealth in chronic disease management in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pedrosa V M , Abrantes A V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The burden of non-communicable diseases has been increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa, mainly due to the adoption of behavioral risk factors by the population. At the same time, there has been an exponential growth in the information and communication technologies sector, which has attracted interest in the development of mobile health strategies (mHealth) through the potential use of mobile phones in the management of chronic conditions such as hypertension.

Methods
It was performed a systematic review of the literature using scientific databases (Cochrane, B On, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). Inclusion criteria included: quantitative and qualitative studies developed between 2010 and 2018 in Sub-Saharan African countries, with adult participants of both sexes, diagnosed with hypertension, with access to mobile phones and attending primary health care or outpatient appointments.

Results
Five studies were selected for review (four from South Africa and one from Ghana). However, only two studies managed to obtain results which proved that the use of text messages was efficient and accepted during hypertension treatment, as well as it could allow understanding the factors that influence and hinder therapeutic adherence. Those results were supported by information from a randomized trial (use of clinical comparators as evaluation of blood pressure values during a follow-up period of 12 months) and a qualitative study (self-reported changes in the knowledge and health behavior of 15 participants from focus groups and individual interviews).

Conclusions
There's still a lack of evidence available proving that mHealth can be efficient and feasible in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, it was possible to present a conceptual framework, adapted from the literature, which identifies potential strategies for the use of mHealth in areas of prevention and management of chronic diseases in the region.

Key messages
Provide guidance to improve research about the adoption of mHealth in low and middle-income countries. Promote the potential of this type of technology as a model for mutual health education.
Cardiovascular Diseases and Health Literacy Skills of students in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Wamba A , Soh G , Ngoumou R-D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases will attack, from 2020 in sub-Saharan Africa, according the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018), one in two students aged 20-25. They would constitute the main public health concern for the states of this part of the continent, where the control of the skill level of the populations in health literacy (HL) still escapes the authorities in charge of public health policies. Provided that such control represents a great opportunity for better effectiveness of health promotion policies and preventive, educational and health care for cardiovascular diseases and therefore, a guarantee of good health for citizens (Beauregard, 2010).

Objective
Given the fact that the level of HL skills varies according to socio-political and economic contexts, according to the culture and the environment in which we find ourselves (WHO, 2013), this study seeks to describe the level of HL skills of students in link with appropriate use of the means of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methodology. The study concerns 500 students/ youths enrolled in secondary and university education, whose ages vary between 12 and 20 years. Based on quantitative design, the study aims to describe and report on all of the students and young people's practical experiences related to health literacy skills.

Results
The results indicate, in general, unequal access of students to health knowledge. In addition, the level of their skills in cardiovascular health literacy varies according to the economic capital of their family, the possession or not of an Android phone with internet connection, the level of prestige of the cultural capital of family.

Conclusions
The study suggests not only to encourage students to develop their health literacy skills, but also the need to put a particular emphasis within schools and universities on knowledge related to health literacy, in order to better enhance capacities of students to cope with cardiovascular health problems.

Key messages
The level of their skills in cardiovascular health literacy varies according to the economic capital of their family. The need to put a particular emphasis within schools and universities on knowledge related to health literacy.
Virtual Reality-based and gender-sensible alcohol prevention in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Prediger C , Helmer S M , Stock C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Virtual Reality (VR)-simulations offer new opportunities for alcohol prevention in adolescents. As an innovative medium VR can be attractive for young people, and avatar-based pathways offer possibilities of tailoring prevention in a gender-specific manner. At the same time, tailoring can reproduce gender stereotypes and be exclusive. Therefore, this review aims (1) to identify and summarize existing evidence regarding VR-simulations for alcohol prevention targeting adolescents and (2) to examine if and how gender is taken into account.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted. 7 medical, psychological, and educational research databases were searched, including all research designs to assure all studies of the emergent research field are detected. Two reviewers independently performed screening and data extraction. Results are reported in a narrative way.

Results
Of 224 search hits, 4 publications met inclusion criteria. These derived out of an Australian and a Danish project. Designs were qualitative (2), mixed methods (1) and review (1). In all studies, gender was assessed in male-female dichotomy. The Australian project scripted a gender-specific simulation, while the Danish project was to a larger degree gender neutral. In the Australian project during development differences occurred between the homogenous and mixed gender groups: Gender homogeneous groups showed greater degree of involvement, which could be due to higher homogeneity of group composition or higher sensitization incentive, as the authors acknowledge.

Conclusions
So far 2 VR-based approaches for alcohol prevention in adolescents are developed. Gender is partly considered during development and application, but not discussed or reported as a central aspect. Further gender-sensitive research is needed to develop and test the possibilities and pit falls of tailoring VR-simulations. Hence, cooperation with previous developers and researchers as well as the target group can be promising.

Key messages
VR-simulations offer new opportunities for gender-specific alcohol prevention programmes in adolescents. This review serves as foundation for researchers, developers and future applications. So far 2 VR-simulations for alcohol prevention in adolescents have been developed. Cooperation for and further gender-sensitive research is needed to develop and enhance existing programmes.
Self-perception of oral health in the elderly associated with health literacy and related factors
Authors: Tenani C F , De Checchi M H R , Bado F M R , Mialhe F L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-perception of oral health in the elderly and to verify its association with oral health literacy and sociodemographic factors, through a cross-sectional study. Data collection took place in a probabilistic sample consisting of 535 elderly people over 60 years of age, who did not have cognitive problems, and were residents of the areas covered by six Family Health Units of the public health service, as well as users of a Center for Dental Specialties and dental clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP), all located in the city of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and health issues was applied, as well as the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument for the assessment of oral health literacy. Poisson regression was used to estimate the associations between self-perceived oral health and literacy in oral health, as well as sociodemographic and general health characteristics. The data were analyzed using the SAS statistical software. The final regression model demonstrated that the elderly who were more likely to report poor oral health self-perception were associated with a low level of oral health literacy, were of the “non-white” ethnic group, had chronic illnesses and had sought the dentist for curative reasons in the last year. It was concluded that the self-perception of oral health in the elderly is influenced by variables that go beyond the dental sector, a fact that demands multiprofessional and intersectoral actions for their care. This fact highlights the importance of integrating aspects of health literacy in health and sociodemographic factors into the process of assessing oral health in the elderly, expanding the perspective of public health assessment for actions focused only on normative needs.

Key messages
We show the importance of assessing the oral health of the elderly in association with health literacy, expanding the perspective of public health assessment to actions beyond the normative needs. Despite the importance of the topic, there is still a scarcity of studies on health literacy and its impact on oral health behaviors and outcomes, impacting public health.
The International Classification for Human Functioning, Disability and Health in e-Health of Bulgaria
Authors: Tzacheva N , Kundurjiev T , Stoycheva M , Hristova L , Nikolova R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study is based on the National Science Program 'eHealth in Bulgaria (e-Health)', funded by the Ministry of Education and Science. Partnership Contract No. D-01-200/16.11.2018

Issue
In the last years in Bulgaria has been working hard to improve the information and communication environment through the National Science Program 'e-Health'. The links between the health of working people and the social and environmental determinants of public health are best identified by the WHO through the International Classification for Human Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). In Bulgaria, about 650 occupational health services (OHSs) that use heterogeneous software products.

Description of the Problem
A targeted study of the ICF's capabilities opens the horizon to integrate social and environmental health factors in an increasingly aging and morbid workforce, with people with disabilities, and with electronic access to social and medical services. The creation of an electronic system for dynamic monitoring of any change in human functioning health of workers and their determinants, allows the OHS, the organs of workability expertise to make the right decisions in work placement.

Results
A scientific toolkit has been developed for the introduction of the ICF Module for updating the electronic health integrated dossier for all STMs with a view to applying the common methodology of EUROSTAT, EC, Directorate-General F5 for the consolidation of occupational disease data and other health problems in functioning, disability and health to working people.

Lessons
The ICF module supports both the company's occupational health and safety policy, the OHS, and the implementation of a higher class electronic network, a challenge that inevitably faces the digitalisation of every European country. The module contributes to the extension and refinement of information. Data will be provided on priority risk factors that have harmed workers' health.

Key messages
The ICF module creates opportunities for rapid and correct measures to ensure good occupational health. The ICF module creates opportunities for rapid and correct measures people with disabilities in a changing demographic and health environment.
Validation of ICD-10 codes for identifying cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea
Authors: Dixon B E , Ho Y A , Broyles A A , Wiensch A , Arno J N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Public health researchers seek to use administrative health data captured in digital health systems to examine outcomes for individuals with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Yet the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes used to identify cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea have not been validated.

Objective
We sought to assess the validity of using ICD-10 codes to identify cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Methods
We utilized data from electronic health records gathered from private and public health systems from 1 October, 2015 to 31 December, 2016. Patients were included if they were aged 13-44 and received either 1) laboratory testing for chlamydia or gonorrhea or 2) an ICD-10 diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or an unspecified STI. To validate ICD-10 codes, we calculated positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity based on the presence of a laboratory test result, or any STI laboratory test results in case of unspecified STI. We further examined the timing of clinical diagnosis relative to laboratory testing.

Results
A total of 238,876 individuals (16.0% of population) were either tested for chlamydia or gonorrhea, or diagnosed with an ICD-10 code of interest, during the study period. For cases in which a patient was diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea, 82% and 78% of cases were confirmed, respectively. The positive predictive values for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and unspecified STI ICD-10 codes were 87.6%, 85.0%, and 32.0%, respectively. Negative predictive values were high (&gt;92%). Sensitivity for chlamydia diagnostic codes was 10.6% and gonorrhea was 9.7%. Specificity was 99.9% for both chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Conclusions
Disease specific ICD-10 codes accurately identify cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea. However, low sensitivities suggest that most gonorrhea and chlamydia cases could not be identified in administrative data alone without laboratory test results.

Key messages
Disease specific ICD-10-CM codes accurately identify cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea. Low sensitivities suggest that most gonorrhea and chlamydia cases could not be identified in administrative data alone without laboratory test results.
Identifying emotional facial expressions in practice: a study on Indian medical students
Authors: Bandyopadhyay A , Sarkar S , Mukherjee A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Successful identification of emotional expression in patients is of considerable importance in the diagnosis of diseases and while developing rapport between physicians and patients. Despite the importance of such skills, this aspect remains grossly overlooked in conventional medical training in India. This study aims to explore the extent to which medical students can identify emotions by observing photographs of male and female subjects expressing different facial expressions.

Methods
A total of 106 medical students aged 18-25 without any diagnosed mental illnesses were shown images of the six universal facial expressions (anger, sadness, fear, happiness, disgust and surprise) at 100% intensity with an exposure time of 2 seconds for each image. The participants marked their responses after each image was shown. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results
Participants could identify 76.54% of the emotions on average, with higher accuracy for positive emotions (95.6% for happiness) and lower for negative emotions (46% for fear). There were no significant variations in identification with respect to gender of observers. On the other hand, statistically significant differences were observed in identification when gender of the expressors were considered.

Conclusions
Male participants identified emotions better from male faces, while females identified positive emotions better from female faces and negative ones from male faces.

Key messages
Misidentification of emotions, especially negative emotions, from static facial expressions was common in physician students of both sexes. This is an aspect that needs to be addressed during the training of medical students in India.