bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin and Liver Injury: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Jiaxi , Blais Joseph E. , Chui Celine S. L. , Suh In-Hye , Chen Esa Y. H. , Seto Wai-Kay , Mok Michael T. , Yan Vincent K. C. , Lau Wallis C.Y. , Wong Ian C. K. , Chan Esther W. 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The risk of liver injury in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has not been previously examined using liver function tests as the primary outcome in the real-world setting. This study assessed the association between NOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) and warfarin and the risk of liver injury, as defined by laboratory tests.

METHODS:
Patients newly diagnosed with AF and prescribed NOACs or warfarin between 2010 and 2016, identified using the Hong Kong Clinical Database and Reporting System, were matched on age, sex, health status scores, comorbidities, and medications by propensity score on a 1:1 ratio. Risk of liver injury, defined as laboratory test values >3 times the upper limit of normal of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase and >2 times the upper limit of normal of total bilirubin, was compared between NOAC and warfarin users using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS:
After propensity score matching, 13,698 patients were included, of which 141 (2.1%) NOAC users and 232 (3.4%) warfarin users developed liver injury. The hazard ratio (HR) for NOAC vs warfarin users was 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.89). When comparing individual NOACs, only dabigatran (hazard ratio: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.82) was associated with a lower risk of liver injury.

DISCUSSION:
Among patients with AF, NOACs as a group, and dabigatran alone were associated with a significantly lower risk of laboratory-based liver injury when compared with warfarin. However, liver injury occurs more frequently in real-world practice than in NOAC randomized controlled trials.
The Effect of Acid Concentration (H2SO4) on the Yield and Functional Group during Lignin Isolation of Biomass Waste Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Priyanto Slamet , Intan Anansya Putri , Rianto Bambang , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Pramudono Bambang , Untoro Edi , Ratu Puspa 
Published: May 2020

Declining oil production in Indonesia lately has been much discussed by industrial practitioners, especially from the petroleum industry. The decrease is due to the age of old drilling wells with high water cut (> 90%), so it is necessary to pursue a production method that can increase the production of these old wells. The EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) method is one way of extracting oil from oil wells that cannot be further retrieved by injecting materials that are not in the reservoir. One ingredient that can be injected is Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS) surfactant derived from lignin. Lignin was obtained from the lignin isolation process from Black Liquor, which in this study came from the pulp and paper mill waste of PT. Indah Kiat, Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in H2SO4 concentrations (concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% w/w) on the yield of lignin isolation results, and to compare the functional groups between dirty lignin, clean lignin, and pure lignin using FT-IR. Based on the research results, it was found that the best lignin is lignin with an H2SO4 concentration of 20%, with the highest yield and the color of lignin produced tends to be similar to pure lignin. In addition, it was found that the peak of the net lignin group had more similarity with commercial lignin compared to crude lignin. Keywords: Lignin, Black Liquor, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), FTIR
Fatigue Strength Analysis of S34MnV Steel by Accelerated Staircase Test
Authors: Ekaputra I. M. W. , Dewa Rando Tungga , Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Kim Seon Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the reliability estimation of fatigue strength of the material used for crank throw components. The material used for crank throw components is forged S34MnV steel and subsequently heat-treated by normalising and tempering. High cycle fatigue testing under fully reversed cycling (R = −1) was performed to determine the fatigue limit of the material. The staircase test method is used to obtain accurate values of the mean fatigue limit stress until a number of cycles up to 1E7 cycles. Subsequently, the fatigue test results depend strongly on the stress step and are evaluated by the Dixon-Mood formula. The values of mean fatigue strength and standard deviation predicted by the staircase method are 282 MPa and 10.6MPa, respectively. Finally, the reliability of the design fatigue strength in some selected probability of failure is calculated. Results indicate that the fatigue strength determined from accelerated staircase test is consistent with conventional fatigue testing. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied for the determination of fatigue strength and standard deviation for design optimisation of S34MnV steel.
Preparation of kraft lignin-based activated carbon fiber electrodes for electric double layer capacitors using an ionic liquid electrolyte
Authors: Pakkang Nutthira , Kumar Manish , Taira Shogo , Koda Keiichi , Shigetomi Kengo , Uraki Yasumitsu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article demonstrates the development of activated carbon fiber electrodes produced from hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) to fabricate electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy and power densities using an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte. A mixture solution of HKL, polyethylene glycol as a sacrificial polymer, and hexamethylenetetramine as a crosslinker in dimethylformamide/acetic acid (6/4) was electrospun, and the obtained fibers were easily thermostabilized, followed by carbonization and steam activation to yield activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The electrochemical performance of EDLCs assembled with the ACFs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) as an IL electrolyte and a cellulosic separator was insufficient due to the low conductivity of the electrode. The conductivity of the electrode was improved successfully by spraying conductive carbon black (CB) onto the fibers mat during electrospinning. The CB containing electrodes with improved conductivity gave the resulting EDLCs a higher electrochemical performance, with an energy density of 91.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 76.2 kW kg−1.
Linguistics and the state: How funding and politics shape a field
Authors: Hutton Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, Christopher Hutton discusses how states have historically taken an interest in, and funded, linguistics research. For a range of political purposes – including colonial rule and military strategy – knowing about and learning the language of “others” has been part of the projection and use of power. The specific purposes and forms of state support for research on language, argues Hutton, does vary depending on whether states have authoritarian or liberal democratic regimes.
Language ideology revisited
Authors: Cavanaugh Jillian R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn her contribution, Jillian Cavanaugh tells the story of the emergence of the concept of “language ideologies” that mediate “between the social practice of language and the socioeconomic and political structures within which it occurs.” The concept became an embedded component in analyzing the treatment of minority languages and dialects, and how power relations can be revealed through everyday language use. Today, rather than an overarching framework, language ideology has evolved into a critical point of departure for understanding the intersection between language and various forms of inequality that also require other intellectual tools to fully grasp.
The Scope of Sociolinguistics
Authors: Hymes Dell 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As sociolinguistics continued to develop in the 1970s, members of the Council’s Committee on Sociolinguistics (1963–1979) reflected on the direction and intellectual impact of this emergent discipline. In this 1972 article, Dell Hymes, cochairman of the committee, describes several orientations toward the field among its practitioners, and argues for what he regarded as the most ambitious: a “socially constituted linguistics.” By this, Hymes meant a sociolinguistics that challenges linguistics’ core theoretical starting points of linguistic structure and grammar with a focus on the social meaning and functions of language in context. In relation to our “Sociolinguistic Frontiers” series, Hymes presciently argues that ultimately the field must address how inequality and language intersect, going “beyond means of speech and types of speech community to a concern with persons and social structure.”
A study of serum cortisol levels in acute head injury patients
Authors: Rao Tangeda Padmaja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Adrenal insufficiency has a great impact on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury. In healthy persons during normal day-to-day activity, the concentration of plasma cortisol is high in the morning, decreases during the day and rises again during night. But this diurnal rhythm is abolished in long-term unconscious patients and in those with disturbed sleep cycles. In addition, patients with central nervous system disease, who are conscious but have lesions in the temporal lobe, and the pretectal or hypothalamus area, demonstrate abnormal rhythms.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 33 consecutive patients attending emergency medical departments of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital between July 2017 and April 2018 with mild to severe traumatic head injury within 6 h of injury. The selected patients were mainly divided into three groups depending on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [mild head injury (14–15); moderate head injury (9–13); severe head injury (3–8)]. In each group, 11 patients were selected. GCS was calculated at the time of admission. The adrenal function of the patients was assessed by using the serum cortisol tests.

Results
In this comparative study of acute head injury among three groups, males are more prone to injury than females, with 81%, 90% and 72% in mild, moderate and severe injuries, respectively. The result mainly shows that the mean cortisol levels estimated were significantly increased in mild head injury and were with greater increase in cases of moderate & severe head injuries. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between serum cortisol & GCS levels.

Conclusions
In this study of serum cortisol levels in head injury patients, we observed that there is increase in the serum cortisol level immediately after trauma. The increase is linearly related with the severity of head injury. Hence performing serum cortisol test is recommended for the assessment of adrenal function in patients with traumatic head injury.
Unsupervised methods for identifying pass coverage among defensive backs with NFL player tracking data
Authors: Dutta Rishav , Yurko Ronald , Ventura Samuel L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStatistical analysis of defensive players in football has lagged behind that of offensive players, special teams, and coaching decisions, largely because data on individual defensive players has historically been lacking. With the introduction of player tracking data from the NFL, researchers can now tackle these problems. However, event and strategy annotations in the NFL’s tracking data are limited, especially when it comes to describing what defensive players do on each play. Moreover, methods for creating these annotations typically require extensive human labeling, which is difficult and expensive. Because of the importance of the passing game and the limited prior research on the defensive side of passing, we provide annotations for the pass coverage types of cornerbacks using unsupervised learning techniques, which require no training data. We define a set of features from the tracking data that distinguish between “man” and “zone” coverage. We use mixture models to create clusters corresponding to each group, allowing us to provide probabilistic assignments to each coverage type (or cluster). Additionally, we quantify each feature’s influence in distinguishing defensive pass coverage types. Our work makes possible several potential avenues of future NFL research into defensive backs and pass coverage strategies.
Coating factors influencing the fold cracking of coated papers
Authors: Wang Qinwen , Ding Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the increasing popularity of coated paper, it has been more widely used in printing, publishing, product packaging and commercial promotion. However, coated paper is prone to cracks after printing and folding which exposes to a white area which is referred to as fold cracking. This study investigated the coating properties of paper and coating factors influencing the fold cracking and aimed to provide guidance on how to reduce the problems of fold cracking. This paper mainly discusses the effects of pigment proportion, binder dosage, solids content, coating thickness and calendering pressure on fold cracking of coated paper after printing. Experiments show that when the coating consisted entirely of calcium carbonate, the degree of fold cracking is most serious. With the addition of kaolin, the fold cracking reduces. When the ratio of the number of parts of calcium carbonate to kaolin is 25/75, the area of fold cracking reaches its minimum value of 10.28 %. With increasing solids content of the coating, the fold cracking decreases initially and then increases. When the solids content is 55 %, the fold cracking reaches a minimum. Increased latex content reduced coating thickness and an increase in calendering pressure gradually reduce the degree of fold cracking.
Secondary metabolites ofHelichrysum plicatumDC. subsp.plicatumflowers as strong carbonic anhydrase, cholinesterase and α-glycosidase inhibitors
Authors: Aydin Tuba 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelichrysum plicatumspecies are used in Turkish folk medicine as lithagogue, diuretic, and nephritic. Research on the methanol (MeOH) extract of flowers ofH. plicatumDC. subsp.plicatumresulted in the isolation of eight known compounds (1–8). The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as β-sitosterol (1), apigenin (2), nonacosanoic acid (3), astragalin (4), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), helichrysin A (6), helichrysin B (7), and isosalipurposide (8) by spectroscopic and chromatographic/spectrometric methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Nonacosanoic acid (3) was isolated for the first time fromH. plicatumDC. subsp.plicatum. The MeOH extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro human carbonic anhydrase I (hCAI) and II (hCAII), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α-glycosidase inhibitory activities. The IC50values ofH. plicatumDC. subsp.plicatumMeOH extract for hCAI, hCAII, AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase were found to be 77.87, 52.90, 115.50, 117.46, and 81.53 mg/mL, respectively. The compounds showed IC50values of 1.43–4.47, 1.40–4.32, 1.69–2.90, 1.09–3.89, and 1.61–3.80 μM against hCAI, hCAII, AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase, respectively. In summary,H. plicatumDC. subsp.plicatumsecondary metabolites demonstrated strong inhibitory effects especially against hCAI and hCAII, whereas the MeOH extract showed a weak inhibitory effect on all enzymes.
Chemical composition and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity ofPavetta gracilifloraWall. ex Ridl. essential oil
Authors: Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Khamis Shamsul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil ofPavetta gracilifloraWall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) was examined for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 20 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 92.85% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (42.52%), caryophyllene oxide (25.33%), β-pinene (8.67%), and α-pinene (6.52%). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 62.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (I%: 65.4%) assays. Our findings were shown to be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil fromP. graciliflora.
Clinical occlusion analysis versus semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator occlusion analysis
Authors: Buduru Smaranda , Finta Emilia , Almasan Oana , Fluerasu Mirela , Manziuc Manuela , Iacob Simona , Culcitchi Cristian , Negucioiu Marius 
Published: May 2020

Background and aims. Identifying the optimal method for occlusion analysis by comparing examination sensitivity of the static and dynamic occlusion using three systems: clinical occlusion analysis, semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator (3Shape, Denmark) occlusion analysis.
Methods. The occlusion analysis of sixteen patients was performed using the three systems. In order to analyze the number of concordant and discordant points and trajectories, the clinical method was compared to the semi-adjustable articulator and to the computerized method.
Results. The greatest correspondence was obtained by comparing the clinical and the articulator methods, having a success rate of 85.25%, versus the clinical and the computerized method with a success rate of 73.25%. The propulsion registered the highest discrepancies: 35% in case of the semi-adjustable articulator comparison and 62% in case of the virtual articulator comparison.
Conclusions. The semi-adjustable articulator was superior in static and dynamic occlusion analysis compared to the virtual articulator. The analysis of the dynamic occlusion is the most problematic due to its dependency on the individual anatomy of the glenoid fossa which cannot be exactly reproduced by any articulator.
Cociente emocional de los estudiantes de Administración y Gestión Comercial de una universidad privada
Authors: Rojas Samanez Lita Regina , Arias Chávez Dennis , Norabuena Figueroa Roger Pedro , Mescua Figueroa Augusto César , Palacios Garay Jessica Paola , Caurcel Cara María Jesús 
Published: May 2020

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la dimensión predominante del cociente emocional de los estudiantes de Administración y Gestión Comercial de una universidad peruana privada. La investigación es de tipo sustantiva y de diseño no experimental, de nivel descriptivo-explicativo y de corte transversal. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar la variable ha sido el cuestionario del cuadro de Cociente Emocional (CE) (Cooper y Sawaf, 1997), el cual está conformado por 262 preguntas aplicadas sobre una muestra de 86 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados permitieron determinar que la dimensión “Valores y creencias” (B = 1.814) presenta mayor coeficiente y, por ende, aporta más al cociente emocional de los estudiantes analizados. Esta predominancia parte del resultado de la dimensión que presenta un odds ratio (Exp(B)) = 6.134, lo que evidencia que esta es una dimensión de riesgo, lo que llevaría a que un estudiante tenga 6.134 de veces de posibilidad de presentar niveles bajos de cociente emocional respecto a otro con niveles altos de cociente emocional por causa de la dimensión “Valores y creencias”.
SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF THE VILLAGE OF DAYEUH LUHUR, SUMEDANG
Authors: Wijaya Karto , Permana Asep Yudi 
Published: May 2020

The village of Dayeuh Luhur, Ganeas District, Sumedang is a village located on a mountain. This village has a close relationship with the history of the Kingdom of Sumedang Larang, which at that time was in conflict with the Sultanate of Cirebon. King Sumedang Larang ordered to move the royal government to a safer place, namely Mount Rengganis (now called Desa Dayeuh Luhur). Over time, this place developed into a settlement that was visited by tourists. This village has a pilgrimage destination which is the tomb of King Sumedang Larang and other royal heritage sites. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of mountain settlement patterns and environmental forming factors in the village of Dayeuh Luhur. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study can also be a good reference for policy makers and the preservation of living culture, architecture and ordinary people. Keywords – Settlement patterns, mountainous areas, pilgrimage tours.
On the question of differential diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Sokolova Mariia G. , Lobzin Sergei V. , Zuev Andrey A. , Pustozerov Vladimir G. , Aleksandrov Nicolay Yu. , Gavrichenko Artur V. 
Published: May 2020

Differential diagnostics of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) has many difficulties associated with a number of factors: rare nature of disease, polymorphic clinical forms and a phenotypic picture similar to peripheral motor neuron diseases. Such diseases also include rare nosological forms: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary myopathies and neuropathies; their general phenotypic picture has a form of progressive flaccid paralysis, age of the disease onset and the nature of its course. However, different pathogenesis of these diseases requires a differentiated approach to therapy.
This article deals with differential diagnostics of multifocal motor neuropathy, gives examples of modern diagnostic criteria necessary for diagnosing multifocal motor neuropathy and analyzes a clinical case with an incorrect diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy.
The association between somatic symptoms and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
Authors: TAN Yunus , ŞAHİN Erkan Melih 
Published: May 2020

Objevtive: Somatization is a
psychiatric condition characterized by recurring somatic symptoms that cannot
be fully explained by the general medical condition of the individual and are
not attributable to another mental disorder. There are physical, psychological
and social factors that affect somatic symptoms of individuals. The aim of this
study is to screen somatic symptoms of patients admitted to our clinic and to
investigate the relationship between scanning results and sociodemographic and
clinical characteristics of the patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional
study included 414 participants aged 18-65 years who admitted to the …. between
February 2018 and November 2018. Sociodemographic data form and SCL90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised)
psychological symptom screening test was applied to the participants through
face to face interview method.

Results: Of all the participants, 256 (61.8%) were female and
158 (38.2%) were male and the mean age was 33.7±13.6 years. Of all the
participants, 47.3% were university graduates or had a higher educational
background. The mean score of the somatization subscale of the SCL90-R
screening test was 1.0±0.6. The factors increasing the somatic symptoms were
female gender, increasing number of children, being an immigrant, decreasing
education level, increasing amount of drug use, increasing number of applications
to health institutions, and implementation of alternative medicine techniques,
presence of mental illness in families and their relatives.

Conclusion: In the present
study, the prevalence of somatic symptoms was found to be high and clinically
significant. In particular, the social position of women in Turkey, their
lifestyles, and their specific characteristics such as using body language more
are associated with high somatic symptoms. Emotional disability caused by
migrations makes individuals be at greater risk in terms of somatization. The
personality development that increases with the education level and increased
communication skills reduce the risk of somatization. Symptoms of patients who frequently use health
care and treatment options and apply alternative medicine are more significant
in terms of somatization.