bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and mechanism of insecticidal periplocosides from the root bark of Periploca sepium Bunge
Authors: Li Tian , Zhang Jiwen , Ma Shichuang , Gao Lvtong , Chen Cuicui , Ji Zhiqin , Hu Zhaonong , Shi Baojun , Wu Wenjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Periploca sepium bark root (PSBR) has been regarded as a potential botanical insecticide because of its significant insecticidal activity of secondary metabolites. Several periplocosides were isolated from it as promising pesticides to control crop pests in agriculture.RESULTSIn our research, two new periplocosides, along with four known periplocosides were isolated from PSBR. The names of new periplocosides were periplocoside T (PST) and periplocoside U (PSU) while another four periplocosides were known as follows: periplocoside A (PSA), periplocoside F (PSF), periplocoside E (PSE) and periplocoside D (PSD). All periplocosides were evalulated for insecticidal activity against 3rd Mythimna separata (Walker) and Plutella xylostella. The biometric data showed that periplocoside T, PSD and PSF had remarkable insecticidal activity against tested insects. Its values of LD50 were 1.31, 3.94 and 3.42 μg·lavare−1 against 3rd M. separata respectively, while the activity of those compounds against 3rd P. xylostella were 5.45, 12.17 and 13.95 μg·lavare−1, respectively. It was apparent after further study of the mechanism of action against M. separata was conducted that PST possessed the most significant insecticidal activity. The results of enzymatic activity displayed that powerful activation of tryptase, especially weak alkaline tryptase might be a dominant factor causing death of M. separata in vivo.CONCLUSIONWe herein report isolation and the mechanisms of action of insecticidal periplocosides, which established the fundamental development of natural agents to prevent pest damage to crops. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Reviving the Orchard: Visions of reclaiming science education for Nicaragua
Authors: Fowler Kelsie N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEducators involved in the improvement of science instruction need to explore how science education could better align with the needs and interests of specific communities, especially in areas of Central America where local knowledge has been expunged from schools. In this paper, I draw upon Culturally Sustaining and Revitalizing Pedagogies to explore a single community's visions for science education and how these visions may be used as pathways for restoring relevant science education practices. To do this study, a case study approach was used to collect 150 h of science lesson observations at three schools in a small Nicaraguan community and interview 18 science teachers and community members. Many of these teachers and community members provided detailed accounts of local science knowledge or methods of teaching science that had been replaced with Westernized curriculum and pedagogies to the detriment of learning and their community. Results indicate two overarching visions: (1) a vision for reviving Scholar Orchards and (2) a vision for learning science with community resources. These findings highlight the need to partner with local teachers and community members when designing, implementing, and evaluating science education because they possess sophisticated visions for making science more relevant, sustaining, and revitalizing within their community context.
Mean comparisons and power calculations to ensure reproducibility in preclinical drug discovery
Authors: Novick Steven , Zhang Tianhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the pharmaceutical industry, in vivo animal experiments are conducted to test the effects of novel preclinical drug compounds. Well‐planned animal studies involve a sample size and statistical power analysis to provide a basis for the number of animals allocated into comparator arms of a future study. These calculations require approximate values for the parameters of a statistical model that will be applied to the future data and used to test for differences via statistical hypotheses. If the prestudy parameter estimates are nearly correct, the power analysis guarantees that a difference will be detected from the study data, up to a prespecified probability. Traditional power computations, however, are not calculated with reproducibility in mind. In this work, the issue of reproducibility in drug discovery is tackled from the point of view that study‐to‐study variability is not included in a typical sample size and power analysis. Three proposed methods that yield a reproducible mean‐comparison analysis are derived and compared.
Exploring Coumarins Reduction: NaBH4/MeOH versus Nickel Boride Generated In Situ.
Authors: Faure Clarisse , Jamet Hélène , Belle Catherine , du Moulinet d'Hardemare Amaury 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of reagents NaBH4/MeOH and nickel boride (Ni2B) generated in situ from NaBH4 and NiCl2, are compared in the reduction process of coumarin and a variety of 3,7‐substituted coumarins bearing electro‐donating (ED‐group) or electro‐withdrawing groups (EW‐group). Coumarins (chromen‐2‐ones) are only reduced by Ni2B to the cyclic chromanones. This provides a useful and very simple reduction method for electron‐rich coumarins, which are resistant to many other reducing methods. DFT calculations underlined the role of substituents electronic effects in the reactivity. Subsequent methanolysis may open the ring to methyl phenylpropanoate esters and alcohols resulting from their reductions can also be produced.
High‐Amylose Cornstarch Variably Affects Food Intake and Body Composition of Rats When Substituted to Standard versus a Moderately High‐Fat High‐Sugar Diet
Authors: Alrashidi Noura A , Zafar Tasleem A. , Khan Islam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe addition of resistant starch (RS) to a food lowers its energy density but its impact on appetite, food intake (FI), and body composition is not well understood. This study explores the effect of RS from high‐amylose cornstarch on FI, body composition, mineral‐absorption, and inflammatory markers when tested simultaneously in control (C) and moderately increased fat and sugar (HFHS) diets. Four groups of weanling rats are fed C, C + RS, HFHS, or HFHS + RS diets and their FI and body weight (BW) are recorded. After four weeks blood serum, abdominal fat, total gut weight, cecal content, and feces are collected and analyzed. FI increases (p < 0.000) in C + RS (440 ± 29 g) versus C (396 ± 40 g) while it decreases (p = 0.001) in HFHS + RS (419 ± 44 g) versus HFHS (481 ± 35 g). Both BW and abdominal fat decrease significantly in HFHS + RS (212 ± 39 g) versus HFHS (247 ± 28 g) (p = 0.032) and (7 ± 2.27 g) versus (10 ± 2.41 g) (p < 0.000), respectively but remains unchanged in C + RS versus C. Percent calcium absorption selectively increases in HFHS + RS (p <0.000) versus HFHS. In conclusion, RS effectively reduces FI, weight gain, abdominal fat‐mass, and enhanced mineral absorption differentially when added to standard or a moderately HFHS diet of growing rats.
Effect of Crosslinking Agents on the Physicochemical and Digestive Properties of Corn Starch Aerogel
Authors: Wang Yiwei , He Mohe , Wu Yanwen , Liu Yongguo , Ouyang Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, sodium trimetaphosphate, adipic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, and epichlorohydrin (EPI) are used to investigate the effect of the crosslinking reaction on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of corn starch aerogel (CSA). Gelatinization destroys the morphology of the corn starch granules, and the crosslinking reaction which is performed in the gelatinization stage considerably alters the structure of the gel. The aerogel prepared by adding 0.5% EPI shows the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area among the crosslinked starch aerogels. Corn starch xerogels and aerogels all have porous network structures which may be related to the high amylose structure of corn starch. Gelatinization and crosslinking agents disrupt the short‐range molecular order of corn starch, and the crosslinked CSA has relatively lower crystallinity and higher swelling power and solubility than the control. After crosslinking, rapidly digestible starch and resistant starch content of CSAs increase, while slowly digestible starch decreases slightly. Thus, the crosslinked CSA may be used for encapsulation with low digestibility.
Experimental and analytical study on tension lap splices in nonconventional concrete using different techniques
Authors: Fawzy Tarek , Khalil Abdel‐Hakim , Atta Ahmed , Afefy Hamdy M. , Ellithy Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn experimental and analytical study on 15 specimens of lap splices embedded in nonconventional concrete without confining reinforcement was performed under direct tension. The experimental program involved two groups of straight‐ended and anchored‐ended bars; three different techniques were employed with different splice lengths. For straight‐ended bars, conventional lap splice was studied as a benchmark. The anchored‐ended steel bars were hooks, hooks intersecting with cross bars, and plate‐end bars. It was found that, the used techniques not only achieved higher tensile stress at failure, but also different modes of failure were observed. Besides, a splice length of five times bar diameter was found to be sufficient to achieve the nominal yield stress of the reinforcing steel bar in the case of anchored‐ended bars. Finally, an analytical model was proposed in order to predict the ultimate tensile stress of the straight‐ended spliced bars. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified against the test results of 137 existing specimens from previous research. The comparison showed good agreement between the results of the proposed model and the test results.
Indonesian students’ strategies to cope with foreign language anxiety
Authors: Abdurahman Nur Hafiz , Rizqi Muhammad Ainur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious research reports that foreign language anxiety (FLA) is one of the affective factors exerting influence on foreign language learning. Myriad studies have examined how foreign language learners cope with foreign language anxiety. However, few studies have addressed the particular moments when students feel the most anxious and how they cope with this anxiety. The present study aims to (1) identify specific moments when students feel the most anxious; (2) investigate their coping strategies; and (3) recognize the changes in the strategies used by the students during specific moments in their language learning. In so doing, a stimulated recall was carried out among five university students from non–English departments who had to conduct presentations in English. The findings show that they displayed different levels of anxiety, which resulted in several accidents during the presentation. The participants with a high anxiety level tended to utilize monotonous coping strategies. This study implies that teachers need to take into account their students’ anxiety levels before they commence a new term or semester. When encountering highly anxious students, they can introduce the learners to alternative strategies to cope with anxiety.
Effect of foreign direct investment, financial development, and economic growth on environmental quality in OECD economies using panel quantile regressions
Authors: Ganda Fortune 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examined the impact of foreign direct investment, financial development, and economic growth on environmental quality in 26 OECD countries from 2000 to 2014. Environmental quality adopted proxies: carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. The study used panel quantile regression. The findings demonstrate that foreign direct investments show varied significant negative and positive associations with all types of environmental quality in both lower and higher carbon‐emitting countries, although the negative links were more predominant. As such, halos and havens exist in explored quantiles. Financial development indicates a predominantly negative connection with environmental quality across the quantiles. Economic growth indicates diverse negative and positive relationships with all types of environmental quality in both lower and higher carbon‐emitting countries, although the positive links appear to be more announced across the quantiles. As such, some quantiles show no evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), while other quantiles confirm the N‐shaped and the inverted N‐shaped EKC models. Thus, structures within the OECD economies should be made more environmentally friendly to fully enjoy the benefits of a low‐carbon environment.
A Monte Carlo approach to the worldline formalism in curved space
Authors: Corradini Olindo , Muratori Maurizio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a numerical method to evaluate worldline (WL) path integrals defined on a curved Euclidean space, sampled with Monte Carlo (MC) techniques. In particular, we adopt an algorithm known as YLOOPS with a slight modification due to the introduction of a quadratic term which has the function of stabilizing and speeding up the convergence. Our method, as the perturbative counterparts, treats the non-trivial measure and deviation of the kinetic term from flat, as interaction terms. Moreover, the numerical discretization adopted in the present WLMC is realized with respect to the proper time of the associated bosonic point-particle, hence such procedure may be seen as an analogue of the time-slicing (TS) discretization already introduced to construct quantum path integrals in curved space. As a result, a TS counter-term is taken into account during the computation. The method is tested against existing analytic calculations of the heat kernel for a free bosonic point-particle in a D-dimensional maximally symmetric space.
Electric-magnetic duality in twisted quantum double model of topological orders
Authors: Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We derive a partial electric-magnetic (PEM) duality transformation of the twisted quantum double (TQD) model TQD(G, α) — discrete Dijkgraaf-Witten model — with a finite gauge group G, which has an Abelian normal subgroup N , and a three-cocycle α ∈ H3(G, U(1)). Any equivalence between two TQD models, say, TQD(G, α) and TQD(G′, α′), can be realized as a PEM duality transformation, which exchanges the N-charges and N-fluxes only. Via the PEM duality, we construct an explicit isomorphism between the corresponding TQD algebras Dα(G) and Dα′(G′) and derive the map between the anyons of one model and those of the other.
Cosmological constraint on vector mediator of neutrino-electron interaction in light of XENON1T excess
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Kobayashi Shin , Nakayama Yuhei , Shirai Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, the XENON1T collaboration reported an excess in the electron recoil energy spectrum. One of the simplest new physics interpretation is a new neutrino-electron interaction mediated by a light vector particle. However, for the parameter region favored by this excess, the constraints from the stellar cooling are severe. Still, there are astrophysical uncertainties on those constraints. In this paper, we discuss the constraint on the light mediator from the effective number of neutrino Neff in the CMB era, which provides an independent constraint. We show that Neff is significantly enhanced and exceeds the current constraint in the parameter region favored for the XENON1T excess. As a result, the interpretation by a light mediator heavier than about 1 eV is excluded by the Neff constraint.
Charge asymmetry in decays B → $$ D\overline{D}K $$
Authors: Bondar A. E. , Milstein A. I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We discusses the charge asymmetry in B →$$ D\overline{D}K $$
D

D
¯

K
decays with an invariant mass of the $$ D\overline{D} $$
D

D
¯

pair near the Ψ(3770) resonance. Unlike Ψ(3770) decays in e+e− annihilation, in B+ decays the probability of $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

D
¯

0

production is almost three times higher than D+D−. In B0 decays, the ratio of these probabilities will be opposite. The effect is explained by the fact that, in B-meson decays, the $$ D\overline{D} $$
D

D
¯

pair is produced in a superposition of isoscalar and isovector states, and only in combination with K-mesons the total state has 1/2 isospin. We present a simple model in which the interference of the nonresonant isovector amplitude with the resonant isoscalar amplitude explains the experimental data.
Galois conjugation and multiboundary entanglement entropy
Authors: Buican Matthew , Radhakrishnan Rajath 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We revisit certain natural algebraic transformations on the space of 3D topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) called “Galois conjugations.” Using a notion of multiboundary entanglement entropy (MEE) defined for TQFTs on compact 3-manifolds with disjoint boundaries, we give these abstract transformations additional physical meaning. In the process, we prove a theorem on the invariance of MEE along orbits of the Galois action in the case of arbitrary Abelian theories defined on any link complement in S3. We then give a generalization to non-Abelian TQFTs living on certain infinite classes of torus link complements. Along the way, we find an interplay between the modular data of non-Abelian TQFTs, the topology of the ambient spacetime, and the Galois action. These results are suggestive of a deeper connection between entanglement and fusion.
Scattering amplitudes and soft theorems in multi-flavor Galileon theories
Authors: Kampf Karol , Novotný Jiří 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we initiate the study of multi-flavor Galileon theories using the methods of scattering amplitudes. We explore this topic from different perspectives and extend the techniques employed so far mainly in the single-flavor case. This includes soft theorems, generalized soft theorems with non-trivial right-hand side, Galileon dualities, soft bootstrap and bonus relations. We demonstrate new properties on two examples, the multi-flavor U(N) Galileon and the three-flavor U(2)/U(1) Galileon.
Super Yang-Mills theories with inhomogeneous mass deformations
Authors: Kim Yoonbai , Kwon O-Kab , Tolla D. D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe construct the 4-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=\frac{1}{2} $$N=12and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 inhomogeneously mass-deformed super Yang-Mills theories from the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1*and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2*theories, respectively, and analyse their supersymmetric vacua. The inhomogeneity is attributed to the dependence of background fluxes in the type IIB supergravity on a single spatial coordinate. This gives rise to inhomogeneous mass functions in the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 super Yang-Mills theory which describes the dynamics of D3-branes. The Killing spinor equations for those inhomogeneous theories lead to the supersymmetric vacuum equation and a boundary condition. We investigate two types of solutions in the$$ \mathcal{N}=\frac{1}{2} $$N=12theory, corresponding to the cases of asymptotically constant mass functions and periodic mass functions. For the former case, the boundary condition gives a relation between the parameters of two possibly distinct vacua at the asymptotic boundaries. Brane interpretations for corresponding vacuum solutions in type IIB supergravity are also discussed. For the latter case, we obtain explicit forms of the periodic vacuum solutions.
LARS is Associated with Lower Anastomoses, but not with the Transanal Approach in Patients Undergoing Rectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Filips Alexandra , Haltmeier Tobias , Kohler Andreas , Candinas Daniel , Brügger Lukas , Studer Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a defecation disorder that frequently occurs after a low anterior resection (LAR) with a total mesorectal excision (TME). The transanal (ta) TME for low rectal pathologies could potentially overcome some of the difficulties encountered with the abdominal approach in a narrow pelvis. However, the impact of the transanal approach on functional outcomes remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of the taTME approach on functional outcomes by comparing LARS scores between the LAR and taTME approaches in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study including 80 patients (n = 40 LAR‐TME, n = 40 taTME) with rectal adenocarcinoma. We reviewed medical charts to obtain LARS scores 6 months after the rectal resection or a reversal of the protective ileostomy.ResultsAt the 6‐month follow‐up, 80% of patients exhibited LARS symptoms (44% minor LARS and 36% major LARS). LARS scores were not significantly associated with the T‐stage, N‐stage, or neo‐adjuvant radiotherapy. The mean distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge was 4.0 ± 2.0 cm. The taTME group had significantly lower anastomoses compared with the LAR‐TME group (median 4.0 cm [IQR1.8] vs. median 5.0 cm [IQR 2.0], p < 0.001). Univariable analysis revealed significantly higher LARS scores in the taTME group compared with the LAR‐TME group (median LARS scores: 29 vs. 25, p = 0.040). However, multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for neo‐adjuvant treatment, anastomosis distance from the anal verge, anastomotic leak rate, and body mass index, revealed no significant effect of taTME on the LARS score (adjusted regression coefficient:  − 2.147, 95%CI:  − 2.130 to 6.169, p = 0.359). We also found a significant correlation between LARS scores and the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge (regression coefficient:  − 1.145, 95%CI:  − 2.149 to  − 1.141, p = 0.026).ConclusionFifty percentage of patients in this cohort exhibited some LARS symptoms after a mid‐ or low‐rectal cancer resection. As previously described, LARS scores were negatively correlated with the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge. TaTME was after adjustment for the height of the anastomosis not associated with higher LARS at 6 months when compared with LAR‐TME.