bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decade of variable progress: trends in fatal injury in workers in New Zealand from a national observational study
Authors: Lilley Rebbecca , Maclennan Brett , Davie Gabrielle , McNoe Bronwen M , Horsburgh Simon , Driscoll Tim R 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAnalyses of secular trends in work-related fatal injury in New Zealand have previously only considered the total working population, potentially hiding trends for important subgroups of workers. This paper examines trends in work-related fatalities in worker subgroups between 2005 and 2014 to indicate where workplace safety action should be prioritised.MethodsA dataset of fatally injured workers was created; all persons aged 15–84 years, fatally injured in the period 2005–2014, were identified from mortality records, linked to coronial records which were then reviewed for work relatedness. Poisson regression modelling was used to estimate annual percentage change in rates by age, sex, ethnicity, employment status, industry and occupation.ResultsOverall, worker fatalities decreased by 2.4% (95% CI 0.0% to 4.6%) annually; an average reduction of 18 deaths per year from baseline (2005). Significant declines in annual rates were observed for younger workers (15–29 and 30–49 years), indigenous Māori, those in the public administration and service sector, and those in community and personal service occupations. Increases in annual rates occurred for workers in agriculture and forestry and fisheries sectors and for labourers. Rates of worker deaths in work-traffic settings declined faster than in workplace settings.DiscussionAlthough overall age-standardised rates of work-related fatal injury have been declining, these trends were variable. Sources of injury risk in identifiable subgroups with increases in annual rates need to be urgently addressed. This study demonstrates the need for regular, detailed examination of the secular trends to identify those subgroups of workers requiring further workplace safety attention.
Lymphogranuloma venereum genovariants in men having sex with men in Italy
Authors: Marangoni Antonella , Foschi Claudio , Tartari Federico , Gaspari Valeria , Re Maria Carla 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an STI caused byChlamydia trachomatisserovars L1-L3. In Europe, the current epidemic is caused mainly by L2b genovariant, although increasing cases associated with other L2 variants have been reported. Here, we assessed the distribution of rectal LGV genovariants among men having sex with men (MSM) in Italy.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2020, all the anorectal swabs collected from MSM attending the STI Clinic of St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital in Bologna and positive forC. trachomatiswere stored. LGV infection was confirmed by apmpHPCR, and, subsequently, a fragment of theompAgene was amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned to reference strains representing different LGV variants.ResultsLGV cases accounted for one-third of all chlamydial rectal infections with a total prevalence of 4.1% (76/1852). Total number of LGV cases per year remained constant. LGV was mainly found in symptomatic patients (>65%), older than 30 years, with a high burden of other STIs (63.7% HIV-positive, 35.5% with concurrent rectal gonorrhoea, 19.7% with early syphilis). A decreasing trend in HIV-LGV co-infection was noticed over time. Three main LGV genovariants were detected (L2f, 46.1%; L2b, 23.0%; L2-L2b/D-Da, 16.9%), together with other known L2b variants (mainly L2bV2 and L2bV4). Two novel L2bompAvariants with non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found. Over time, the percentage of L2f cases dropped gradually, with a significant increase in L2-L2b/D-Da cases (p=0.04).ConclusionsIn our area, LGV is endemic among MSM with different circulating genovariants. Active surveillance and genotyping programmes are needed to reduce re-establishing of LGV infection.
Single-tablet regimen of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir increase adherence for HIV postexposure prophylaxis in sexual assault victims
Authors: Malinverni Stefano , Bédoret Floriane , Bartiaux Magali , Gilles Christine , De Wit Stéphane , Libois Agnes 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPostexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a recommended public health intervention after a sexual assault to prevent HIV infection.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study on how use of a single-tablet regimen (STR) of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Stribild) affected adherence to PEP and attendance of a follow-up visit to the STI clinic compared with those who received a multitablet regimen (MTR). Data from sexual assault victims consulting for PEP were prospectively recorded between January 2011 and December 2017. Data were systematically collected on patient demographics, time of medical contact, source risk factors, type of exposure, attendance to follow-up visit, reported completion of PEP and adherence based on pharmacy records.ResultsA total of 422 patients received PEP following a sexual assault, of whom 52% had documented completion of a 28-day PEP regimen and 71% attended a follow-up clinic visit. Patients who received an elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF)-based STR had a similar likelihood of attending their first follow-up visit (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.48, p=0.90) but were more likely to complete the PEP regimen (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.50, p=0.007). After adjusting for confounders, those who were prescribed an STR regimen were more likely to complete the PEP regimen (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.53, p=0.019) than those who were prescribed an MTR such as stavudine/lamivudine/lopinavir/ritonavir or zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir/ritonavir.ConclusionsSexual assault victims who were prescribed an STR based on EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF were more likely to complete PEP than those who were prescribed an MTR.
Hadronic vacuum polarization and vector-meson resonance parameters from $$\varvec{e^+e^-\rightarrow \pi ^0\gamma }$$
Authors: Hoid Bai-Long , Hoferichter Martin , Kubis Bastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the reaction$$e^+e^-\rightarrow \pi ^0\gamma $$e+e-→π0γbased on a dispersive representation of the underlying$$\pi ^0\rightarrow \gamma \gamma ^*$$π0→γγ∗transition form factor. As a first application, we evaluate the contribution of the$$\pi ^0\gamma $$π0γchannel to the hadronic-vacuum-polarization correction to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We find$$a_\mu ^{\pi ^0\gamma }\big |_{\le 1.35\,\text {GeV}}=43.8(6)\times 10^{-11}$$aμπ0γ|≤1.35GeV=43.8(6)×10-11, in line with evaluations from the direct integration of the data. Second, our fit determines the resonance parameters of$$\omega $$ωand$$\phi $$ϕ. We observe good agreement with the$$e^+e^-\rightarrow 3\pi $$e+e-→3πchannel, explaining a previous tension in the$$\omega $$ωmass between$$\pi ^0\gamma $$π0γand$$3\pi $$3πby an unphysical phase in the fit function. Combining both channels we find$${\bar{M}}_\omega =782.736(24)\,\text {MeV}$$M¯ω=782.736(24)MeVand$${\bar{M}}_\phi =1019.457(20)\,\text {MeV}$$M¯ϕ=1019.457(20)MeVfor the masses including vacuum-polarization corrections. The$$\phi $$ϕmass agrees perfectly with the PDG average, which is dominated by determinations from the$${\bar{K}} K$$K¯Kchannel, demonstrating consistency with$$3\pi $$3πand$$\pi ^0\gamma $$π0γ. For the$$\omega $$ωmass, our result is consistent but more precise, exacerbating tensions with the$$\omega $$ωmass extracted via isospin-breaking effects from the$$2\pi $$2πchannel.
Comparison of Low Cost Versus Conventional Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment: A Prospective Micro Costing Study
Authors: Arakkal Darshana , Mascarenhas Mariano , Mangalaraj Ann M. , Karthikeyan Muthukumar , Prasad Jasmin H. , Kunjummen Aleyamma T. , Kamath Mohan S. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Among multiple barriers for infertility treatment, the major deterrent appears to be the high cost of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Low-cost ART employing mild stimulation protocols among other cost cutting measures has been advocated in resource limited settings. In the current study, we compared the actual cost incurred for conventional and low-cost ART treatment. Study Design: Prospective micro-costing study at a university-level infertility unit, including women undergoing conventional and low-cost ART. The data collection for micro-costing was done primarily through direct observation of the resources utilized and time involved on a prospective basis. Only direct medical cost involved in ART treatment was calculated. The outcome measures included the cost per cycle and cost per clinical pregnancy. Results: The average cost per couple per initiated cycle for the conventional ART was almost 50% higher as compared to low-cost ART ($1,433 vs. $739). The cost per clinical pregnancy per initiated cycle for conventional ART was lower compared to low-cost ART ($4248 vs. $4960). In a limited number of patients, the clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 40% (2/5 patients) in the conventional cycle as compared to 17% (1/6) in the low-cost ART cycle. Conclusion: Using mild stimulation protocol in the low-cost ART program resulted in reduction in actual cost per cycle to almost half, but the cost per clinical pregnancy was higher compared to conventional ART.
Gertrude Elles: the pioneering graptolite geologist in a woolly hat. Her career, achievements and personal reflections from her family and colleagues
Authors: Tubb J. , Burek C. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Gertrude Elles gained worldwide renown for her seminal work with Ethel Wood on
A Monograph of British Graptolites
, which is still used today. She gained the MBE, pioneered female geological education, became the first female reader in Cambridge University and one of the first tranche of female Fellows of the Geological Society in 1919. An eccentric with a vast array of hats, PhD students and lodgers, she was a stalwart member of the Sedgwick Club and life member of the British Federation of University Women. She wrote obituaries for colleagues describing their achievements with humour and good nature. Her family describe her as ‘a fabulous woman’ with a huge range of interests including archaeology, botany and music. She related her geological and botanical knowledge in showing a nephew that plants growing along the Moine Thrust reflected change in the underlying rocks. Cambridge colleagues recall her as a ‘marvellous and well-respected figure’ who caused some amusement by her big old cluttered table from which she swept away material making room for new samples (and work for technicians). She died in 1960 in her beloved Scotland. However, her legacy survives in the classification of a group of fossils extinct for nearly 400 myr.
Checking the Hippo in Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma with Immunotherapy
Authors: Hwang Joyce K. , Agarwal Neeraj , Brugarolas James , Zhang Tian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Subset analysis of patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) included in the CheckMate 214 trial of ipilimumab-nivolumab versus sunitinib showed improved outcomes in sRCC with ipilimumab-nivolumab. The use of checkpoint inhibitor–based regimens in sRCC, for which therapeutic options were once limited, is further supported by additional clinical trials.
See related article by Tannir et al., p. 78
Palmitate-Induced IRE1–XBP1–ZEB Signaling Represses Desmoplakin Expression and Promotes Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Nath Aritro , Oak Amrita , Chen Kevin Y. , Li Irene , Splichal R. Chauncey , Portis Jason , Foster Sean , Walton S. Patrick , Chan Christina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Elevated uptake of saturated fatty acid palmitate is associated with metastatic progression of cancer cells; however, the precise signaling mechanism behind the phenomenon is unclear. The loss of cell adhesion proteins, such as desmoplakin (DSP), is a key driving event in the transformation of cancer cells to more aggressive phenotypes. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which palmitate induces the loss of DSP in liver and breast cancer cells. We propose that palmitate activates the IRE1–XBP1 branch of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway to upregulate the ZEB transcription factor, leading to transcriptional repression of DSP. Using liver and breast cancer cells treated with palmitate, we found loss of DSP leads to increased cell migration independent of E-cadherin. We report that the ZEB family of transcription factors function as direct transcriptional repressors of DSP. CRISPR-mediated knockdown of IRE1 confirmed that the transcription of ZEB, loss of DSP, and enhanced migration in the presence of palmitate is dependent on the IRE1–XBP1 pathway. In addition, by analyzing the somatic expression and copy number variation profiles of over 11,000 tumor samples, we corroborate our hypothesis and establish the clinical relevance of DSP loss via ZEB in human cancers.

Implications:
Provides mechanistic link on palmitate-induced activation of IRE1α to cancer cell migration.
The Paradoxical Roles of Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A (NR4A) in Cancer
Authors: Safe Stephen , Karki Keshav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe three-orphan nuclear receptor 4A genes are induced by diverse stressors and stimuli, and there is increasing evidence that NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1), and NR4A3 (Nor1) play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in pathophysiology. In blood-derived tumors (leukemias and lymphomas), NR4A expression is low and NR4A1−/−/NR4A3−/− double knockout mice rapidly develop acute myelocytic leukemia, suggesting that these receptors exhibit tumor suppressor activity. Treatment of leukemia and most lymphoma cells with drugs that induce expression of NR4A1and NR4A3 enhances apoptosis, and this represents a potential clinical application for treating this disease. In contrast, most solid tumor–derived cell lines express high levels of NR4A1 and NR4A2, and both receptors exhibit pro-oncogenic activities in solid tumors, whereas NR4A3 exhibits tumor-specific activities. Initial studies with retinoids and apoptosis-inducing agents demonstrated that their cytotoxic activity is NR4A1 dependent and involved drug-induced nuclear export of NR4A1 and formation of a mitochondrial proapoptotic NR4A1–bcl-2 complex. Drug-induced nuclear export of NR4A1 has been reported for many agents/biologics and involves interactions with multiple mitochondrial and extramitochondrial factors to induce apoptosis. Synthetic ligands for NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 have been identified, and among these compounds, bis-indole derived (CDIM) NR4A1 ligands primarily act on nuclear NR4A1 to inhibit NR4A1-regulated pro-oncogenic pathways/genes and similar results have been observed for CDIMs that bind NR4A2. Based on results of laboratory animal studies development of NR4A inducers (blood-derived cancers) and NR4A1/NR4A2 antagonists (solid tumors) may be promising for cancer therapy and also for enhancing immune surveillance.
High‐Dose Glucagon Has Hemodynamic Effects Regardless of Cardiac Beta‐Adrenoceptor Blockade: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Petersen Kasper M. , Bøgevig Søren , Riis Troels , Andersson Niklas W. , Dalhoff Kim P. , Holst Jens J. , Knop Filip K. , Faber Jens , Petersen Tonny S. , Christensen Mikkel B. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Intravenous high‐dose glucagon is a recommended antidote against beta‐blocker poisonings, but clinical effects are unclear. We therefore investigated hemodynamic effects and safety of high‐dose glucagon with and without concomitant beta‐blockade.

Methods and Results

In a randomized crossover study, 10 healthy men received combinations of esmolol (1.25 mg/kg bolus+0.75 mg/kg/min infusion), glucagon (50 µg/kg), and identical volumes of saline placebo on 5 separate days in random order (saline+saline; esmolol+saline; esmolol+glucagon bolus; saline+glucagon infusion; saline+glucagon bolus). On individual days, esmolol/saline was infused from −15 to 30 minutes. Glucagon/saline was administered from 0 minutes as a 2‐minute intravenous bolus or as a 30‐minute infusion (same total glucagon dose). End points were hemodynamic and adverse effects of glucagon compared with saline. Compared with saline, glucagon bolus increased mean heart rate by 13.0 beats per minute (95% CI, 8.0–18.0;
P
<0.001), systolic blood pressure by 15.6 mm Hg (95% CI, 8.0–23.2;
P
=0.002), diastolic blood pressure by 9.4 mm Hg (95% CI, 6.3–12.6;
P
<0.001), and cardiac output by 18.0 % (95% CI, 9.7–26.9;
P
=0.003) at the 5‐minute time point on days without beta‐blockade. Similar effects of glucagon bolus occurred on days with beta‐blockade and between 15 and 30 minutes during infusion. Hemodynamic effects of glucagon thus reflected pharmacologic glucagon plasma concentrations. Glucagon‐induced nausea occurred in 80% of participants despite ondansetron pretreatment.

Conclusions
High‐dose glucagon boluses had significant hemodynamic effects regardless of beta‐blockade. A glucagon infusion had comparable and apparently longer‐lasting effects compared with bolus, indicating that infusion may be preferable to bolus injections.

Registration Information

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03533179.
An Eddy–Zonal Flow Feedback Model for Propagating Annular Modes
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Hassanzadeh Pedram 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The variability of the zonal-mean large-scale extratropical circulation is often studied using individual modes obtained from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses. The prevailing reduced-order model of the leading EOF (EOF1) of zonal-mean zonal wind, called the annular mode, consists of an eddy–mean flow interaction mechanism that results in a positive feedback of EOF1 onto itself. However, a few studies have pointed out that under some circumstances in observations and GCMs, strong couplings exist between EOF1 and EOF2 at some lag times, resulting in decaying-oscillatory, or propagating, annular modes. Here, we introduce a reduced-order model for coupled EOF1 and EOF2 that accounts for potential cross-EOF eddy–zonal flow feedbacks. Using the analytical solution of this model, we derive conditions for the existence of the propagating regime based on the feedback strengths. Using this model, and idealized GCMs and stochastic prototypes, we show that cross-EOF feedbacks play an important role in controlling the persistence of the annular modes by setting the frequency of the oscillation. We find that stronger cross-EOF feedbacks lead to less persistent annular modes. Applying the coupled-EOF model to the Southern Hemisphere reanalysis data shows the existence of strong cross-EOF feedbacks. The results highlight the importance of considering the coupling of EOFs and cross-EOF feedbacks to fully understand the natural and forced variability of the zonal-mean large-scale circulation.
Weakening Influence of Spring Soil Moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula on the Following Summer Mei-Yu Front and Precipitation Extremes over the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Gao Chujie , Li Gen , Xu Bei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe seasonal prediction of precipitation extremes over the Yangtze River basin (YRB) has always been a great challenge. This study investigated the effects of spring soil moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) on the following summer mei-yu front and YRB precipitation extremes during 1961–2010. The results indicated that the frequency of summer YRB precipitation extremes was closely associated with the mei-yu front intensity, which exhibited a strong negative correlation with the preceding spring ICP soil moisture. However, the lingering climate influence of the ICP soil moisture was unstable, with an obvious weakening since the early 1990s. Due to its strong memory, an abnormally lower spring soil moisture over the ICP would increase local temperature until the summer by inducing less evapotranspiration. Before the early 1990s, the geopotential height elevation associated with the ICP heating affected the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), strengthening the southwesterly summer monsoon. Consequently, the mei-yu front was intensified as more warm, wet air was transported to the YRB, and local precipitation extremes also occurred more frequently associated with abnormal ascending motion mainly maintained by the warm temperature advection. In the early 1990s, the Asian summer monsoon underwent an abrupt shift, with the changing climatological states of the large-scale circulations. Therefore, the similar ICP heating induced by the anomalous soil moisture had different effects on the monsoonal circulation, resulting in weakened responses of the mei-yu front and YRB precipitation extremes since the early 1990s.
Formation of Anticyclones above Topographic Depressions
Authors: Solodoch Aviv , Stewart Andrew L. , McWilliams James C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong-lived anticyclonic eddies (ACs) have been repeatedly observed over several North Atlantic basins characterized by bowl-like topographic depressions. Motivated by these previous findings, the authors conduct numerical simulations of the spindown of eddies initialized in idealized topographic bowls. In experiments with one or two isopycnal layers, it is found that a bowl-trapped AC is an emergent circulation pattern under a wide range of parameters. The trapped AC, often formed by repeated mergers of ACs over the bowl interior, is characterized by anomalously low potential vorticity (PV). Several PV segregation mechanisms that can contribute to the AC formation are examined. In one-layer experiments, the dynamics of the AC are largely determined by a nonlinearity parameter ϵ that quantifies the vorticity of the AC relative to the bowl’s topographic PV gradient. The AC is trapped in the bowl for low , but for moderate values () partial PV segregation allows the AC to reside at finite distances from the center of the bowl. For higher , eddies freely cross the topography and the AC is not confined to the bowl. These regimes are characterized across a suite of model experiments using ϵ and a PV homogenization parameter. Two-layer experiments show that the trapped AC can be top or bottom intensified, as determined by the domain-mean initial vertical energy distribution. These findings contrast with previous theories of mesoscale turbulence over topography that predict the formation of a prograde slope current, but do not predict a trapped AC.
Subseasonal Prediction with and without a Well-Represented Stratosphere in CESM1
Authors: Richter Jadwiga H. , Pegion Kathy , Sun Lantao , Kim Hyemi , Caron Julie M. , Glanville Anne , LaJoie Emerson , Yeager Stephen , Kim Who M. , Tawfik Ahmed , Collins Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a growing demand for understanding sources of predictability on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales. Predictability at subseasonal time scales is believed to come from processes varying slower than the atmosphere such as soil moisture, snowpack, sea ice, and ocean heat content. The stratosphere as well as tropospheric modes of variability can also provide predictability at subseasonal time scales. However, the contributions of the above sources to S2S predictability are not well quantified. Here we evaluate the subseasonal prediction skill of the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1), in the default version of the model as well as a version with the improved representation of stratospheric variability to assess the role of an improved stratosphere on prediction skill. We demonstrate that the subseasonal skill of CESM1 for surface temperature and precipitation is comparable to that of operational models. We find that a better-resolved stratosphere improves stratospheric but not surface prediction skill for weeks 3–4.