bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk between codon optimality and cis-regulatory elements dictates mRNA stability
Authors: Medina-Muñoz Santiago Gerardo , Kushawah Gopal , Castellano Luciana Andrea , Diez Michay , DeVore Michelle Lynn , Salazar María José Blanco , Bazzini Ariel Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability has a profound impact on gene expression dynamics during embryogenesis. For example, in animals, maternally deposited mRNAs are degraded after fertilization to enable new developmental trajectories. Regulatory sequences in 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) have long been considered the central determinants of mRNA stability. However, recent work indicates that the coding sequence also possesses regulatory information. Specifically, translation in cis impacts mRNA stability in a codon-dependent manner. However, the strength of this mechanism during embryogenesis, as well as its relationship with other known regulatory elements, such as microRNA, remains unclear.

Results
Here, we show that codon composition is a major predictor of mRNA stability in the early embryo. We show that this mechanism works in combination with other cis-regulatory elements to dictate mRNA stability in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos as well as in mouse and human cells. Furthermore, we show that microRNA targeting efficacy can be affected by substantial enrichment of optimal (stabilizing) or non-optimal (destabilizing) codons. Lastly, we find that one microRNA, miR-430, antagonizes the stabilizing effect of optimal codons during early embryogenesis in zebrafish.

Conclusions
By integrating the contributions of different regulatory mechanisms, our work provides a framework for understanding how combinatorial control of mRNA stability shapes the gene expression landscape.
Disome-seq reveals widespread ribosome collisions that promote cotranslational protein folding
Authors: Zhao Taolan , Chen Yan-Ming , Li Yu , Wang Jia , Chen Siyu , Gao Ning , Qian Wenfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The folding of proteins is challenging in the highly crowded and sticky environment of a cell. Regulation of translation elongation may play a crucial role in ensuring the correct folding of proteins. Much of our knowledge regarding translation elongation comes from the sequencing of mRNA fragments protected by single ribosomes by ribo-seq. However, larger protected mRNA fragments have been observed, suggesting the existence of an alternative and previously hidden layer of regulation.

Results
In this study, we performed disome-seq to sequence mRNA fragments protected by two stacked ribosomes, a product of translational pauses during which the 5′-elongating ribosome collides with the 3′-paused one. We detected widespread ribosome collisions that are related to slow ribosome release when stop codons are at the A-site, slow peptide bond formation from proline, glycine, asparagine, and cysteine when they are at the P-site, and slow leaving of polylysine from the exit tunnel of ribosomes. The structure of disomes obtained by cryo-electron microscopy suggests a different conformation from the substrate of the ribosome-associated protein quality control pathway. Collisions occurred more frequently in the gap regions between α-helices, where a translational pause can prevent the folding interference from the downstream peptides. Paused or collided ribosomes are associated with specific chaperones, which can aid in the cotranslational folding of the nascent peptides.

Conclusions
Therefore, cells use regulated ribosome collisions to ensure protein homeostasis.
Clostridium difficile appendicitis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pham Charles Dac , Hua Duong Tommy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a common cause of infectious colitis in individuals with prior antibiotic or hospital exposure. Extraintestinal manifestations of C. difficile infections, however, are rare. Here we present a case of C. difficile appendicitis in an immunocompromised patient.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency room for two days of lower abdominal pain associated with nausea and subjective fevers. He otherwise denied having diarrhea or hematochezia. He did not have any recent hospitalizations, nursing home stays, or antibiotic exposure. His past medical history was notable for stage III tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma for which he was status post tonsillectomy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (cisplatin 4 days prior to presentation). He was afebrile with tenderness to palpation in the bilateral lower quadrants, right greater than left. His white blood cell (WBC) count was 15.6 × 103 cells/μL. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis showed marked edema and inflammation of the cecum and ascending colon as well as an enlarged appendix with surrounding inflammatory changes with a small amount of free fluid in the right paracolic gutter. He was treated non-surgically with antibiotics. He did not clinically improve and on hospital day 3, he developed diarrhea for which C. difficile stool polymerase chain reaction was sent. Repeat CT of the abdomen and pelvis was performed which showed progression to pan-colitis and persistent appendicitis. C. difficile testing later resulted positive, for which oral vancomycin was started. The patient markedly improved with medical management alone and was subsequently discharged on oral vancomycin.

Conclusions
Our case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for C. difficile in a patient presenting with both appendicitis and colitis, with prompt diagnosis and treatment being essential.
Equipping community health workers with digital tools for pandemic response in LMICs
Authors: Feroz Anam Shahil , Khoja Adeel , Saleem Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Community health workers (CHWs) are well-positioned to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic at the community level. The Covid-19 outbreak has led to a lot of stress and anxiety among CHWs as they are expected to perform pandemic related tasks along with the delivery of essential healthcare services. In addition, movement restrictions, lockdowns, social distancing, and lack of protective gear have significantly affected CHWs’ routine workflow and performance. To optimize CHWs’ functioning, there is a renewed interest in supporting CHWs with digital technology to ensure an appropriate pandemic response.

Discussion
The current situation has necessitated the use of digital tools for the delivery of Covid-19 related tasks and other essential healthcare services at the community level. Evidence suggests that there has been a significant digital transformation to support CHWs in these critical times such as remote data collection and health assessments, the use of short message service and voice message for health education, use of digital megaphones for encouraging behavior change, and digital contract tracing. A few LMICs such as Uganda and Ethiopia have been successful in operationalizing digital tools to optimize CHWs’ functioning for Covid-19 tasks and other essential health services.

Conclusion
Yet, in most LMICs, there are some challenges concerning the feasibility and acceptability of using digital tools for CHWs during the Covid-19 pandemic. In most cases, CHWs find it difficult to adopt and use digital health solutions due to lack of training on new digital tools, weak technical support, issues of internet connectivity, and other administrative related challenges. To address these challenges, engaging governments would be essential for training CHWs on user-friendly digital health solutions to improve routine workflow of CHWs during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound in pre- and postoperative evaluation of the hand tendons injuries
Authors: Baz Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed , Hussien Aya Bahaa , Samad Hesham Mostafa Abdel , El-Azizi Hatem Mohamed Said 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hand tendon injuries are recognized clinical entities that are frequently seen. Clinical examinations usually warrant radiological correlative studies for confirmation and as a postoperative screening test. Here is a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 30 patients who were diagnosed clinically to have hand tendon injuries either pre- or postoperative; their ages were ranging from 5 to 64 years with a mean ± SD of 31.43 ± 12.19 years; 23 male patients (76.7%) and 7 female patients (23.3%) were evaluated by high-resolution ultrasound examination and a correlative evaluation was done by either intra-operative assessment or MRI study as gold standards.

Results
High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) findings were binned into seventeen cases (56%) that had tendon tears, of which 10 cases (33.3%) had a complete tear and 7 cases (23.3%) had a partial tear. Postoperative tendon integrity was present in 13 cases (43.3%), a tendon callus was found in 2 cases (6.66%), and a postoperative abnormal motion on the dynamic study was present in 15 cases (50%). Intra-tendinous foreign bodies were detected in two cases (6.66%), a gap between the torn ends was found in 10 cases (33.3%), and re-tear (rupture) of the repaired tendons was present in four cases (13.3%). Coexistent nerve injuries were seen in two cases (6.66%); for the forementioned findings, HRUS had gained high accuracy measures as correlated to the gold standards (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity).

Conclusion
High-resolution ultrasound serves as a highly accurate potential diagnostic modality for preoperative evaluation of hand tendon injuries and the postoperative follow-up.
Prognostic factors for predicting health-related quality of life after intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sprague Sheila , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bzovsky Sofia , Zdero Radovan , Bhandari Mohit , Swiontkowski Marc , Tornetta Paul , Sanders David , Schemitsch Emil 
Published: January 2021

Aims Using tibial shaft fracture participants from a large, multicentre randomized controlled trial, we investigated if patient and surgical factors were associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at one year post-surgery. Methods The Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures (SPRINT) trial examined adults with an open or closed tibial shaft fracture who were treated with either reamed or unreamed intramedullary nails. HRQoL was assessed at hospital discharge (for pre-injury level) and at 12 months post-fracture using the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) Dysfunction, SMFA Bother, 36-Item Short Form 36 (SF-36) Physical, and SF-36 Mental Component scores. We used multiple linear regression analysis to determine if baseline and surgical factors, as well as post-intervention procedures within one year of fracture, were associated with these HRQoL outcomes. Significance was set at p < 0.01. We hypothesize that, irrespective of the four measures used, prognosis is guided by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors and that patients do not return to their pre-injury level of function, nor HRQoL. Results For patient and surgical factors, only pre-injury quality of life and isolated fracture showed a statistical effect on all four HRQoL outcomes, while high-energy injury mechanism, smoking, and race or ethnicity, demonstrated statistical significance for three of the four HRQoL outcomes. Patients who did not require reoperation in response to infection, the need for bone grafts, and/or the need for implant exchanges had statistically superior HRQoL outcomes than those who did require intervention within one year after initial tibial fracture nailing. Conclusion We identified several baseline patient factors, surgical factors, and post-intervention procedures within one year after intramedullary nailing of a tibial shaft fracture that may influence a patient’s HRQoL. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(1):22–32.
Über die Konvergenz der Fakultätenreihen
Authors: Gandler M. E. , Golossowa E. , Naftalewitsch A. 
Published: January 2021

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
М. Гандлер, Э. Голосова и А. Нафталевич. О сходимости факториальных рядов
M. Gandler, E. Golosova ir A. Naftalevičius. Faktorialinių eilučių konvergencija
On asymptotic expansions of the characteristic functions of the sum of independent random values
Authors: Statulevičius V. 
Published: January 2021

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
В. Статулявичюс. Об асимптотическом разложении характеристической функции суммы независимых случайных величин
V. Statulevičius. Apie nepriklausomų atsitiktinių dydžių sumos charakteringosios funkcijos asimptotinį išdėstymą
Abschätzung nach unten der Zahl der Lösungen der Gleichungen vom Typ Hardy—Littlewood in Sektoren
Authors: Poljanskij A. 
Published: January 2021

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
А. А. Полянский. Оценка числа решений уравнений типа Гарди—Литтлвуда в секторах
A. Poljanskis, Hardi—Litlvudo tipo lygčių sprendinių skaičiaus sektoriuose įvertinimas
On conjugate of saddle-convex functions
Authors: Tinianskij N. 
Published: January 2021

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
H. Т. Тынянский. О сопряженности вогнуто-выпуклых функций
N. Tinianskis. Apie iškilai-įgaubtų funkcijų sujungtinumą
Procesos de adaptación de la población infantil en los centros infantiles de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el marco de las nuevas ciudadanías
Authors: Vindas González Adriana , Briceño Mendoza Cindy , Mc Quiddy Padilla Evelyn , Watson Soto Hannia , Garro Sancho Mónica , Mairena Rodríguez Nuria , Hidalgo Arias Sarita 
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Los Centros Infantiles Universitarios de la Universidad de Costa Rica (CIUS) son proyectos de la Vicerrectoría de Acción Social y conforman el Programa Institucional de Atención Integral Universitaria para niñas y niños menores de seis años que articula las acciones de cinco centros desde un consejo interdisciplinar. Su objetivo es reflexionar y brindar una atención integral a la niñez de la que se encarga con un enfoque de derechos, es decir, un ejercicio de la docencia guiado por las necesidades de los preescolares y un acompañamiento de la niñez con fundamento en el marco legislativo nacional que garantiza el cumplimiento y la protección de los derechos de las personas menores de edad en Costa Rica. El presente trabajo es producto de la sistematización de las experiencias desarrolladas desde hace más de 40 años en los procesos de adaptación de la primera infancia (desde los 8 meses hasta los 5 años) y sus familias los cuales presentan similitudes y diferencias que permiten constituirse en ejemplo de la manera en que los CIUS, a partir del ejercicio de los derechos, aporta al el desarrollo de nuevas ciudadanías.
UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA DE DUAS PONTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO SOB EFEITO DA ASSISTÊNCIA A AR NA BARRA
Authors: Kullmann Sueli Elisa , Dias Vilnei de OLiveira 
Published: January 2021

UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA DE DUAS PONTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO SOB EFEITO DA ASSISTÊNCIA A AR NA BARRA

SUELI ELISA KULLMANN1, VILNEI DE OLIVEIRA DIAS2

1 Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Alegrete, Avenida Tiarajú, 810, Bairro Ibirapuitã, CEP 97546-550, Alegrete, RS, Brasil, e-mail: suelik2013@gmail.com.
2 Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Alegrete, Avenida Tiarajú, 810, Bairro Ibirapuitã, CEP 97546-550, Alegrete, RS, Brasil, e-mail: vilneidias@gmail.com.

RESUMO: Com este trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes velocidades de vento ambiente e da assistência a ar no perfil de distribuição volumétrico individual e sobreposto de duas pontas de pulverização de jato leque plano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com pulverizador hidráulico com sistema de assistência a ar na barra de pulverização. A análise da distribuição volumétrica foi realizada por meio do emprego de mesa de distribuição com as pontas API 11003 e JAP 11002 e uma pressão de pulverização de 413,7 kPa. Para compor os tratamentos, foram utilizadas três velocidades da assistência a ar: 0, 4,16 e 7,77 m s-1, com vento ambiente em três velocidades: 0, 2,22 e 3,33 m s-1. Simularam-se as sobreposições a partir do padrão de distribuição individual das pontas, sendo que a homogeneidade da distribuição do líquido na barra foi avaliada com base no coeficiente de variação (CV). Verificou-se que a uniformidade da distribuição volumétrica das pontas foi influenciada pelos ventos ambiente e assistente, sendo que a presença da assistência a ar promoveu menores valores de CV, com destaque para a velocidade máxima do vento assistente utilizada.

Palavras-chaves: tecnologia de aplicação, perfil de deposição, coeficiente de variação.

VOLUMETRIC DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY FOR TWO SPRAY NOZZLES UNDER THE EFFECT OF AIR ASSISTANCE IN THE BAR

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different speeds of wind and air assistance on the individual volumetric distribution profile and superimposed for two flat fan spray nozzles. The work was developed with an air assistance boom sprayer. The analysis of the volumetric distribution was performed using a distribution testing table with the spray nozzles API 11003 and JAP 11002, and spray pressure of 413.7 kPa. The procedure consisted of three air assistance speeds: 0, 4.16 and 7.77 m s-1, with three ambient wind speeds: 0, 2.22 and 3.33 m s-1. The overlays were simulated from the pattern of individual spray nozzles distribution and the homogeneity of the liquid distribution was evaluated based on the variation coefficient. It was found that the uniformity of the spray nozzles volumetric distribution was influenced by the air assistance and environment wind, whereas the air assistance usage promoted the lowest values ​​of the variation coefficient, with emphasis on its maximum speed.

Keywords: application technology, deposition profile, variation coefficient.
Konflikt ewolucjonizmu z kreacjonizmem jako spór światopoglądowy
Authors: Lemańska Anna 
Published: January 2021

Jednym ze współczesnych sporów światopoglądowych jest konflikt między materialistycznymi ewolucjonistami a zwolennikami projektu w przyrodzie. Co istotne, obie strony sporu twierdzą, że ich stanowiska mieszczą się w obszarze nauk przyrodniczych. Dyskusje toczą się już od ponad stu lat, lecz nie widać szans na ich zakończenie i uzyskanie jakiegoś konsensusu. Źródło takiego stanu rzeczy zdaje się leżeć w tym, że spór ten toczy się w rzeczywistości na płaszczyźnie filozoficznej.
W artykule przytaczam argumenty za tym, że zarówno ewolucjonizm materialistyczny, jak i koncepcja inteligentnego projektu nie są teoriami naukowymi. Porównuję także pojęcia ewolucji i kreacji oraz pokazuję, że pojęcie kreacji nie jest pojęciem naukowym. Stwarzanie bowiem jest aktem Stwórcy, który nie jest bytem czasoprzestrzennym. Jego działania zatem nie mogą być badane metodami właściwymi dla nauk przyrodniczych.
Czy procesy naturalne mogą realizować cele nadnaturalne?
Authors: Bugajak Grzegorz 
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest poszukiwanie takiej interpretacji obecności i działania Boga w świecie, jaka pozwoliłaby zharmonizować istotne prawdy wiary z naukowym obrazem świata, którego ewolucja jest rządzona przypadkiem i pozbawiona kierunku. Poszukiwanie to jest realizowane w kilku krokach. Odwołując się do różnych koncepcji celowości wskazuje się najpierw, że jeśli można mówić o tym, że świat ma taką cechę, to nie w sensie zmierzania w określonym kierunku (nauki przyrodnicze takiego kierunku nie wykrywają, więc najrozsądniej jest przyjąć, że go nie ma), lecz w sensie celowości wewnętrznej: świat ze swej natury jest skierowany na Boga.
Współcześnie o Bożej celowości w świecie mówi się często w kategoriach ogólnego lub szczególnego działania Boga (general lub special divine action). Artykuł, podejmując tę kwestię zmierza do wniosku, że odróżnienie aspektu naturalnego od nadnaturalnego w danym zdarzeniu jest przypuszczalnie niemożliwe.
Na jeden z powodów tej niemożliwości wskazuje tzw. zasada domknięcia przyczynowego, dlatego jest ona analizowana w kolejnym punkcie artykułu. Wskazuje się tutaj między innymi na konieczność zrewidowania niektórych klasycznych koncepcji cudu. W odniesieniu zaś do takich przełomowych zdarzeń z dziejów świata, jak powstanie życia czy pojawienie się człowieka, proponuje się hipotezę niedookreśloności celu stworzenia: Bóg może realizować swoje cele w świecie rządzonym przez autentyczny przypadek, jeśli cele te są rozumiane odpowiednio subtelnie. Na przykład, jeśli celem Boga jest pojawienie się w świecie istoty zdolnej do nawiązania z nim świadomego kontaktu (zwanej w teologii Człowiekiem), to istota taka niekoniecznie musiała przyjąć postać przedstawiciela gatunku Homo sapiens.
Na koniec wskazuje się na panenteizm jako na właściwą, prawdziwie chrześcijańską wizję świata, który jest „losem i przeznaczeniem” samego Boga (Karl Rahner). W tej perspektywie, detale ewolucyjnego rozwoju świata przestają być religijnie istotne, a sama religia uwalnia się ostatecznie—po części pod wpływem współczesnej nauki—„od błędu i przesądu” (Jan Paweł II).
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS STUDENTS' AFFECTIVE DOMAIN BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) CLASSROOM
Authors: Maisarah Ira , Noermanzah  , Arsyad Safnil , Zaim M. , Wadhana Dian Eka Chandra 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The objective of this research was to explain the results of the development of instruments to assess the students' affective based on scientific approaches in the EFL class.
Methodology: This study used the ADDIE method that consists of five steps: (1) analyzing, (2) designing, (3) developing, (4) implementing, and (5) evaluating. There were some instruments of the research used to gather the data such as the expert's validation sheet and questionnaire. Statistical analyses used in this research were Alpha Cronbach, the test of normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the test of homogeneity Levene, the test of linearity, the test of correlational Pearson, test of regression, and Wilcoxon test.
Main Findings: The result showed that the development of an instrument to evaluate students' affective based on scientific approach was considered by some items, e.g. phases in scientific approach, skills in English language teaching, learning experiences, affective aspects, and indicator of assessment. Finally, it can be stated that (1) the instrument was valid with the mean Score in rank between 1-124 is 114.8; (2) the instrument reliable with the Score is 0.754; (3) the instrument was tested with the Asymp. Sig score of 0.042.
Applications of this study: This study proved that the instrument of affective assessment was valid, practice, and effective to be used by the English teachers in assessing the students' affective during the teaching and learning process at the EFL classroom.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The success of a student is not only measured based on the cognitive aspect but also based on the affective aspect.