bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroepithelial Lesions (FELs) of the Breast: Is Routine Excision Always Necessary?
Authors: Limberg Jessica , Barker Kelly , Hoda Syed , Simmons Rache , Michaels Aya , Marti Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen needle core biopsies (NCBs) of the breast reveal fibroepithelial lesions (FELs), excision is often performed to rule out a phyllodes tumor (PT), despite low malignancy rates. Consequently, the natural history of observed FELs is not well described. We analyzed the malignancy risk in excised FELs and the natural history of FELs undergoing active surveillance (AS).MethodsWe retrospectively studied the pathology and imaging records of 215 patients with FELs (n = 252) diagnosed on NCB. Incidence of growth was determined by Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf 252 FELs, 80% were immediately excised and 20% underwent AS. Of the excised FELs, 198 (98%) were benign: fibroadenoma (FA) or benign breast tissue in 137 (68%), benign PT in 59 (29%), or LCIS in 2 (1%). Borderline PT or malignant lesions were found in 4 (2%). On ultrasound, malignant and borderline PTs were larger than benign lesions [median 3.9 vs 1.3 cm, p = 0.006]. Fifty FELs underwent AS, with a median follow‐up of 17 (range 2–79) months. The majority remained stable or decreased in size: at 2 years, only 35% increased in volume by ≥ 50%. Of those tumors undergoing AS that were later excised (n = 4), all were benign.ConclusionsAlmost all FELs (98%) were benign on surgical excision, and the majority undergoing AS remained stable, with benign pathology if later excised. Most FELs on NCB can be safely followed with US, with surgery reserved for patients with FELs that are large, symptomatic, or growing. This could spare most women with FELs unnecessary surgery.
Fundamental utilitarianism and intergenerational equity with extinction discounting
Authors: Chichilnisky Graciela , Hammond Peter J. , Stern Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRamsey famously condemned discounting “future enjoyments” as “ethically indefensible”. Suppes enunciated an equity criterion which, when social choice is utilitarian, implies giving equal weight to all individuals’ utilities. By contrast, Arrow (Contemporary economic issues. International Economic Association Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1999a; Discounting and Intergenerational Effects, Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC, 1999b) accepted, perhaps reluctantly, what he called Koopmans’ (Econometrica 28(2):287–309, 1960) “strong argument” implying that no equitable preference ordering exists for a sufficiently unrestricted domain of infinite utility streams. Here we derive an equitable utilitarian objective for a finite population based on a version of the Vickrey–Harsanyi original position, where there is an equal probability of becoming each person. For a potentially infinite population facing an exogenous stochastic process of extinction, an equitableextinction biasedoriginal position requires equalconditionalprobabilities, given that the individual’s generation survives the extinction process. Such a position is well-defined if and only if survival probabilities decline fast enough for the expected total number of individuals who can ever live to be finite. Then, provided that each individual’s utility is bounded both above and below, maximizing expected “extinction discounted” total utility—as advocated,inter alia, by theStern Reviewon climate change—provides a coherent and dynamically consistent equitable objective, even when the population size of each generation can be chosen.
Middle-ear cholesteatoma co-existing with labyrinthine fistula and vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Zwierz Aleksander , Masna K. , Burduk P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Many conditions, among them vestibular schwannoma and middle ear cholesteatoma with lateral semicircular canal destruction, may be associated with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vertigo. However, the probability that these two distinct disease entities causing the same symptoms occur in a single patient is very low, approximately 1 per 28 billion per 1 year.

Methods
We present the case of a 40-year-old male admitted to our clinic because of chronic middle ear inflammation with concomitant tinnitus vertigo, and deafness in the right ear. The patient was diagnosed with lateral semicircular canal fistula caused by middle-ear cholesteatoma and concomitant vestibular schwannoma. Canal wall-down surgery was carried out to remove the cholesteatoma, followed by gamma knife radiosurgery for the vestibular schwannoma.

Results
Vertigo and tinnitus resolved within 3 days after the ear surgery, and gamma knife treatment resulted in the complete involution of the vestibular schwannoma. The patient presented with completely dry middle-ear cavity and no recurrence of the cholesteatoma was observed during a 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion
As the hereby reported condition is very rare, the results cannot be compared with any similar report published previously. Nevertheless, based on the outcome, the treatment strategy seems to be both reasonable and effective.
Pancreaticojejunostomy—a review of modern techniques
Authors: Olakowski Marek , Grudzińska Ewa , Mrowiec Sławomir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Pancreaticojejunal anastomosis is one of the most demanding procedures in surgery. Up to now, no technique has been proven to reduce the incidence of POPF when compared to the other methods.

Purpose
The aim of this review was to provide a concise and illustrated description of the most recent methods of pancreaticojejunostomy. Their development was directly related to the still ongoing search by surgeons for such a technique of anastomosis that would eliminate the problem of POPF.

Conclusions
Knowledge of various techniques of anastomosis may help the surgeon to find the most suitable and optimal method of pancreatic-intestinal anastomosis for the patient.
A standardized postmortem protocol to assess the real burden of sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Rizzo Stefania , De Gaspari Monica , Carturan Elisa , Paradiso Beatrice , Favretto Donata , Thiene Gaetano , Basso Cristina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a major cause of death in infants < 1 year of age. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a SUID still unexplained after post-mortem examination. In 2014, a protocol of post-mortem investigation was introduced to assess both the prevalence and the etiopathogenesis of SUID. Our aim was to compare SUID data before and after the application of a standardized autopsy protocol of investigation. In the time interval 2004–2018, SUID cases occurring in the Veneto Region, North-East Italy, were referred to our Core Lab. Since 2014, a complete autopsy was performed, including gross and histological study with toxicologic and molecular analysis carried out at the referral center. A total of 36 SUIDs (22 M, mean age 95.5 ± 80 days), 17 before (group A) and 19 after (group B) 2014, were collected. In group A, only 1 (6%) resulted as explained SUID, due to lymphocytic myocarditis and 16 (94%) were SIDS. In group B, 8 were SIDS (42%) and 11 (58%) explained SUID cases (p < 0.01), consisting of interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis in 9 and lymphocytic myocarditis in 2 cases. Molecular analysis was positive for viruses in 8 of them (73%). In conclusion, since the application of a standardized protocol of post-mortem investigation, inflammatory, mostly infective, cardio-pulmonary diseases have been identified as the most common cause of SUID, with SIDS falling from 94 to 42% of SUID. Efforts must be made to implement a uniform autopsy protocol to provide reliable epidemiological data on SIDS.
FAIR data for prehistoric mining archaeology
Authors: Hiebel Gerald , Goldenberg Gert , Grutsch Caroline , Hanke Klaus , Staudt Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an approach how to create FAIR data for prehistoric mining archaeology, based on the CIDOC CRM ontology and semantic web standards. The interdisciplinary Research Centre HiMAT (History of mining activities in the Tyrol and adjacent areas, University of Innsbruck) investigates mining history from prehistoric to modern times with an interdisciplinary approach. One of the projects carried out at the research centre is the multinational DACH project “Prehistoric copper production in the eastern and central Alps”. For a specific geographical region of the project, the data transformation to open and re-usable data is investigated in a separate Open Research Data pilot project. The methodological approach will use the FAIR principles to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable. Every archaeological investigation in Austria has to be documented according to the requirements of the Austrian Federal Monuments Office. This documentation is deposited in the CERN-based EU supported research data repository ZENODO. For each deposited file, metadata are created through the application of the conceptual metadata schema CIDOC CRM, an ISO standard for Cultural Heritage Information, which was adopted by ARIADNE, the European Union Research Infrastructure for archaeological resources. Concepts specific to mining archaeology research are organized with the DARIAH Back Bone Thesaurus, a model for sustainable interoperable thesauri maintenance, developed in the European Union Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities. Metadata are created through the extraction of information from the documentation and the transformation to a knowledge graph using semantic web standards. To facilitate usage, graph data are exported to hierarchical and tabular formats representing sites and objects with their geographic locations, temporal and typological assignments and links to the research activities and documents. Metadata are deposited together with the documentation into the repository.
Linking Combinatorial and Classical Dynamics: Conley Index and Morse Decompositions
Authors: Batko Bogdan , Kaczynski Tomasz , Mrozek Marian , Wanner Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe prove that every combinatorial dynamical system in the sense of Forman, defined on a family of simplices of a simplicial complex, gives rise to a multivalued dynamical system F on the geometric realization of the simplicial complex. Moreover, F may be chosen in such a way that the isolated invariant sets, Conley indices, Morse decompositions and Conley–Morse graphs of the combinatorial vector field give rise to isomorphic objects in the multivalued map case.
Stability of Low-Rank Tensor Representations and Structured Multilevel Preconditioning for Elliptic PDEs
Authors: Bachmayr Markus , Kazeev Vladimir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFolding grid value vectors of size $$2^L$$

2
L

into Lth-order tensors of mode size $$2\times \cdots \times 2$$

2
×
⋯
×
2

, combined with low-rank representation in the tensor train format, has been shown to result in highly efficient approximations for various classes of functions. These include solutions of elliptic PDEs on nonsmooth domains or with oscillatory data. This tensor-structured approach is attractive because it leads to highly compressed, adaptive approximations based on simple discretizations. Standard choices of the underlying bases, such as piecewise multilinear finite elements on uniform tensor product grids, entail the well-known matrix ill-conditioning of discrete operators. We demonstrate that, for low-rank representations, the use of tensor structure itself additionally introduces representation ill-conditioning, a new effect specific to computations in tensor networks. We analyze the tensor structure of a BPX preconditioner for a second-order linear elliptic operator and construct an explicit tensor-structured representation of the preconditioner, with ranks independent of the number L of discretization levels. The straightforward application of the preconditioner yields discrete operators whose matrix conditioning is uniform with respect to the discretization parameter, but in decompositions that suffer from representation ill-conditioning. By additionally eliminating certain redundancies in the representations of the preconditioned discrete operators, we obtain reduced-rank decompositions that are free of both matrix and representation ill-conditioning. For an iterative solver based on soft thresholding of low-rank tensors, we obtain convergence and complexity estimates and demonstrate its reliability and efficiency for discretizations with up to $$2^{50}$$

2
50

nodes in each dimension.
Grundrentenplan der großen Koalition
Authors: Klammer Ute , Wagner Gert G. 
Published: January 2020

ZusamenfasungUnabhängig davon, ob der Grundrenten-Beschluss der Koalitionsparteien tatsächlich umgesetzt wird, ist er von Interesse, da die Diskussion über die noch offene Finanzierung der geplanten Grundrente auf die grundsätzliche Frage verweist, welche Risiken die Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung eigentlich versichert. Es gibt Argumente dafür, dass die konventionelle Sichtweise auf die versicherten Risiken abgelöst werden könnte bzw. erweitert werden sollte. Das Risiko, trotz langjähriger Erwerbstätigkeit und Beitragszahlung im Alter auf bedarfsgeprüfte Grundsicherung angewiesen zu sein, lässt sich als durch die Rentenversicherung versicherbares Risiko ansehen. Dann ist eine Beitragsfinanzierung nicht nur systematisch möglich, sondern zur Gewährleistung eines verlässlichen Generationsvertrags geradezu geboten.
Geburtsstunde des modernen Steuerstaats in Deutschland 1919/1920
Authors: Bach Stefan , Buggeln Marc 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungVor 100 Jahren haben die “Erzbergerschen Steuerund Finanzreformen” die öffentlichen Finanzen in Deutschland grundlegend umgestaltet. Sie zentralisierten die Finanzverfassung und modernisierten das Steuersystem umfassend. Einkommensteuer, Körperschaftsteuer und Erbschaftsteuer wurden deutschlandweit vereinheitlicht und deutlich erhöht, ferner wurden eine Vermögensabgabe eingeführt und die indirekten Steuern ausgebaut. Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Steuer- und Abgabenbelastung verdoppelte sich bis 1925. Diese Reformen prägen die Grundlagen der öffentlichen Finanzen und des Steuersystems bis heute.
Ökonomische Effekte ausländischer Unternehmen in Deutschland
Authors: Jungbluth Cora , Sunesen Eva Rytter , Hansen Morten May , Brown Joshua 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Globalisierung ist mit komplexen Wertschöpfungsketten und den Wirtschaftstätigkeiten von Unternehmen verbunden, die von ausländischen Investoren kontrolliert werden. Welche ökonomischen Effekte haben ausländische Unternehmen auf das Bruttoinlandsprodukt und die Beschäftigung in Deutschland? Sie leisten einen Beitrag zur lokalen Wirtschaft, indem sie Arbeitskräfte beschäftigen, Waren und Dienstleistungen von lokalen Lieferanten kaufen und durch Spillover-Effekte die Produktivität lokaler Unternehmen steigern.
Simulation of mineral dissolution at the pore scale with evolving fluid-solid interfaces: review of approaches and benchmark problem set
Authors: Molins Sergi , Soulaine Cyprien , Prasianakis Nikolaos I. , Abbasi Aida , Poncet Philippe , Ladd Anthony J. C. , Starchenko Vitalii , Roman Sophie , Trebotich David , Tchelepi Hamdi A. , Steefel Carl I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis manuscript presents a benchmark problem for the simulation of single-phase flow, reactive transport, and solid geometry evolution at the pore scale. The problem is organized in three parts that focus on specific aspects: flow and reactive transport (part I), dissolution-driven geometry evolution in two dimensions (part II), and an experimental validation of three-dimensional dissolution-driven geometry evolution (part III). Five codes are used to obtain the solution to this benchmark problem, including Chombo-Crunch, OpenFOAM-DBS, a lattice Boltzman code, Vortex, and dissolFoam. These codes cover a good portion of the wide range of approaches typically employed for solving pore-scale problems in the literature, including discretization methods, characterization of the fluid-solid interfaces, and methods to move these interfaces as a result of fluid-solid reactions. A short review of these approaches is given in relation to selected published studies. Results from the simulations performed by the five codes show remarkable agreement both quantitatively—based on upscaled parameters such as surface area, solid volume, and effective reaction rate—and qualitatively—based on comparisons of shape evolution. This outcome is especially notable given the disparity of approaches used by the codes. Therefore, these results establish a strong benchmark for the validation and testing of pore-scale codes developed for the simulation of flow and reactive transport with evolving geometries. They also underscore the significant advances seen in the last decade in tools and approaches for simulating this type of problem.
Perioperative fatigue in patients with diffuse glioma
Authors: Schei Stine , Solheim Ole , Jakola Asgeir Store , Sagberg Lisa Millgård 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Few studies have assessed fatigue in relation to glioma surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of pre- and postoperative high fatigue, perioperative changes, and factors associated with pre- and postoperative high fatigue in patients undergoing primary surgery for diffuse glioma.

Methods
A total of 112 adult patients were prospectively included. Patient-reported fatigue was assessed before and one month after surgery using the cancer-specific European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire fatigue subscale. The scores were dichotomized as high fatigue (≥ 39) or low fatigue (< 39). A change in score of ≥ 10 was considered as a clinically significant change. Factors associated with pre- and postoperative high fatigue were explored in multivariable regression analyses.

Results
High fatigue was reported by 45% of the patients preoperatively and by 42% of the patients postoperatively. Female gender and low Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were associated with preoperative high fatigue, while postoperative complications, low KPS and low-grade histopathology were associated with postoperative high fatigue. In total 35/92 (38%) patients reported a clinically significant improvement of fatigue scores after surgery, 36/92 (39%) patients reported a clinically significant worsening of fatigue scores after surgery, and 21/92 (23%) patients reported no clinically significant change in fatigue scores after surgery. Patients with low-grade gliomas more often reported low fatigue before surgery and high fatigue after surgery, while patients with high-grade gliomas more often reported high fatigue before surgery and low fatigue after surgery.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that fatigue is a common symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, both pre- and postoperatively. Perioperative changes were frequently seen. This is important knowledge when informing patients before and after surgery.
Developing an Evidence-Based Technical Assistance Model: a Process Evaluation of the National Training and Technical Assistance Center for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health
Authors: Olson Jonathan R. , Coldiron Jennifer Schurer , Parigoris Ryan M. , Zabel Michelle D. , Matarese Marlene , Bruns Eric J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe National Training and Technical Assistance Center for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health (NTTAC) supports the development and implementation of systems of care (SOC) for youth with serious emotional disorders (SED) and their families. This article presents results from a process evaluation of NTTAC, conducted to support the Center’s quality improvement and contribute to the knowledge base around provision of technical assistance (TA). The evaluation used a mixed methods approach with data collection focused on a defined subset of NTTAC TA recipients—recipients of federal Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children SOC grants. Data sources included coded administrative records from SOC grant sites, administrative data from NTTAC, standardized measures of SOC development, and stakeholder survey data. Results indicate that TA dosage matched needs and goals of TA recipients (SOC sites), overall levels of satisfaction with TA were high, and TA content was generally aligned with need. TA recipients reported significant progress on indicators of SOC development over time. Together, these findings suggest that it is possible to develop TA methods that reflect the level and type of TA recipients’ goals and needs, and, in turn, positively impact SOC development and behavioral health service delivery.
Chronic Burping and Belching
Authors: Zad M. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAbstractBelching is a physiological event that allows venting of swallowed gastric air. Excessive belching is a common presentation to gastroenterology clinics and could be isolated complains or associated with other gastrointestinal problems.Purpose of this ReviewIt is to describe the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of belching disordersRecent FindingsThese demonstrate that learned abnormal behaviors in response to unpleasant feeling in the abdomen are the driving causes for excessive belching and addressing these behaviors by speech pathology and cognitive behavior therapy considered as the keystone in its managementSummaryThe gold standard in the diagnosis of belching is impedance monitoring by which belching is classified into supragastric belching and gastric belching.
Effect of Combined Prenatal and Adult Benzophenone-3 Dermal Exposure on Factors Regulating Neurodegenerative Processes, Blood Hormone Levels, and Hematological Parameters in Female Rats
Authors: Skórkowska Alicja , Maciejska Alicja , Pomierny Bartosz , Krzyżanowska Weronika , Starek-Świechowicz Beata , Bystrowska Beata , Broniowska Żaneta , Kazek Grzegorz , Budziszewska Bogusława 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBenzophenone-3 (BP-3), the most widely used UV chemical filter, is absorbed well through the skin and gastrointestinal tract and can affect some body functions, including the survival of nerve cells. Previously, we showed that BP-3 evoked a neurotoxic effect in male rats, but since the effects of this compound are known to depend on gender, the aim of the present study was to show the concentration and potential neurotoxic action of this compound in the female rat brain. BP-3 was administered dermally to female rats during pregnancy, and then in the 7th and 8th weeks of age to their female offspring. The effect of BP-3 exposure on short-term and spatial memory, its concentrations in blood, the liver, the frontal cortex, and the hippocampus, and the effect on selected markers of brain damage were determined. Also, the impact of BP-3 on sex and thyroid hormone levels in blood and hematological parameters was examined. It has been found that this compound was present in blood and brain structures in females at a lower concentration than in males. BP-3 in both examined brain structures increased extracellular glutamate concentration and enhanced lipid peroxidation, but did not induce the apoptotic process. The tested compound also evoked hyperthyroidism and decreased the blood progesterone level and the number of erythrocytes. The presented data indicated that, after the same exposure to BP-3, this compound was at a lower concentration in the female brain than in that of the males. Although BP-3 did not induce apoptosis in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, the increased extracellular glutamate concentration and lipid peroxidation, as well as impaired spatial memory, suggested that this compound also had adverse effects in the female brain yet was weaker than in males. In contrast to the weaker effects of the BP-3 on females than the brain of males, this compound affected the endocrine system and evoked a disturbance in hematological parameters more strongly than in male rats.