bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Drying Parameters on the Physical Properties of Extruded Fish Feed
Authors: Adedeji A E , Olalusi A P , Olayanju T M A , Erinle O C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Commercial catfish feed is sometimes manufactured through extrusion, usually are of high moisture content which cannot be stored or transported without it being damaged, hence, the need for effective drying of fish feed. Fish feed was formulated, mixed, extruded (single screw extruder), dried (mechanical convective dryer) and evaluated upon to examine the impact of the drying parameters (air drying temperature and air-drying velocity) and some physical properties of the fish feed. Five levels of drying air temperature (40° C, 50° C, 60° C, 70° C and 80° C) and three levels of drying air velocity (1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s) were used during the drying experiments. The final moisture content reduces with increase in drying air temperature and drying air velocities. The drying temperature does not significantly affect the unit density and porosity. Bulk density reduces with increased drying air temperature and drying air velocity. The extrudate porosity increases with drying air temperature. The drying air velocities does not significantly affect the sinking velocity and porosity. The optimum floatation time is from the feed dried at 1.5 m/s drying air velocity and 80oC drying air temperature.
Effect of Supplemental Irrigation Interval and Mulching on Hydrothermal Properties of an Alfisol Cropped with Cucumis sativus
Authors: Abegunrin T P , Awe G O , Onofua O E , Ojediran J O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Irrigation and mulching are important soil management practices for sustainable food productions. Different irrigation and mulching treatments could however affect soil hydrothermal properties and hence the soil productivity. This study evaluated the effect of drip irrigation interval and mulching type on selected hydrothermal properties of an Alfisol cropped with Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). A field experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was conducted with split-plot arrangement having irrigation interval as the main-plot and mulching material as the sub-plot. Three irrigation intervals: two days per week (D2), four days per week (D4) and six days per week (D6); and two mulching materials: plastic (M1) and spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) (M2) were applied. There were nine (9) treatment combinations which gave a total of 27 plots. Soil physical properties of soil water content (SWC), bulk density (BD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were monitored during the growing cycle. Thermal conductivity, resistivity, diffusivity and volumetric specific heat of the soil were measured. There was no significant difference in thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, thermal diffusivity and volumetric specific heat, under the irrigation intervals. The cucumber yield under the mulch treatment was in the order of M1 > M2 > M3. The Cucumis sativus yield was highest under M1 and D4 (11629.63 kg/ha) and lowest in M3 and D2 (3362.22 kg/ha). The mulching treatment had significant effect on the soil temperature, SWC, BD and yield while the irrigation treatment had no significant effect on the soil properties considered.
Impact of small hydropower developments on rural transformation in Nigeria
Authors: Imo E E , Olayanju A , Ibikunle F A , Dahunsi S O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rural transformation in Nigeria constitutes a major problem. Over the years rural development has not been given priority attention and this is where about seventy percent of the estimated Nigeria population of 180 million resides. The problem has largely been identified as government non-sustainable policy action towards rural transformation. However, the recent Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (2017 – 2020) of the Nigerian administration seem to address this imbalance by directing governance largely towards the rural dwellers. The paper highlights the importance of small hydropower technology in driving rural economy thereby reducing rural-urban migration.
Effects of operating pressure, lateral length and irrigation period on the fuel consumption of a centrifugal pump in a pressurized drip irrigation system
Authors: Onwuegbunam D O , Nayan G Z , Olayanju T M A , Onwuegbunam N E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fuel consumption rates of a centrifugal water pump was evaluated with respect to varied system operating pressures and lateral lengths and irrigation period in a pressurized drip irrigation system (PDIS). The fuel consumption rates were found to vary among the operating pressures. The highest fuel consumption rate (1.04 l/hr) was obtained at 206.84 KPa while the least (0.43 l/hr) was obtained at 103.42 KPa. The differences in fuel consumption with respect to operating pressures were statistically significant but not significant with respect to lateral length. It was concluded that PDIS with pressure compensating emitters produce uniform EU irrespective of undulating terrains where uniformity of application can be adversely affected by gravitational effects.
Compaction characteristics and penetration resistance of poultry-litter-amended agricultural soils
Authors: Okunade D A , Raphael O D , Adesina A M , Adekalu K O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Compaction characteristics and penetration resistance of five southwestern Nigeria agricultural soils amended with poultry litter were investigated. Poultry litter was added to the soil samples at four moisture levels of 6, 9, 12, 15 % weight basis to raise the organic matter content to 2, 4 and 6 % dry mass basis and then later subjected to three levels of compaction blows (5,15 and 25 blows) using a standard proctor hammer in a cylindrical mould. Dry densities and the corresponding moisture content were measured at the different compaction loads. Penetration resistance was measured using the cone penetrometer. Results show that dry bulk density increased with increase in compaction load (5 to 25 blows) from 1.78 to 1.91, 1.68 to 1.88, 1.36 to 1.52, 1.48 to 1.70, and 1.47 to 1.78 gcm-3 but reduced with increasing poultry litter levels (0-6% weight basis) from 1.91 - 1.90, 2.08 - 1.99, 1.74- 1.71, 1.88- 1.78and 1.96- 1.82 gcm-3 for Apomu, Egbeda, Iwo, Oba and Ondo soil series respectively. The penetration resistance reduced with increased load from 50.1- 44.5, 46.8- 44.0, 49.6- 44.0and 39.5- 36.1 N for Egbeda, Iwo, Oba and Ondo soil series respectively. The soil behaviour was not affected by the differences in soil series. These results show that soil compaction, litter application and penetration resistance are interrelated in their influences on soil dry bulk density and moisture content.
Determination of Physiographic Characteristics of an Ungauged Watershed in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Olla O O , Adeniran K A , Kasali M Y , James D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Watershed characteristics such as basin length, shape, area, stream order, drainage density and steam density are some of the factors affecting various aspects of runoff. This research work presents the determination of some physiographic and geological factors of a small catchment in North Central Nigeria. The perimeter of the catchment was delineated with the aid of a Global Positioning System (GPS) using the co-ordinate of the concrete dam located at Elerinjare community and software such as Google Earth and Arc GIS were also utilized. The catchment was found to include some local communities among which are Okanle, Fajeromi, Amodu-Asungbolu, Igberi, Arugbo, Irapa and Basanyin. The total Basin Area for the catchment determined using ArcGIS, was found to be 61.115 km2, with the total length of the catchment as 13.598 km. Other catchment characteristics determined include the catchment drainage density, found to be 0.656; this is an indication of the drainage condition within the catchment; higher drainage densities are expected where the soils are easily eroded, or relatively impermeable, with steep slopes and scanty vegetation. The average length of overland flow within the basin is indirectly proportional to the drainage density within the watershed, it was determined to be 0.62/km for this catchment. The stream density/stream frequency was found to be 0.245/km2. Some of the factors determining the shape of the basin were also determined; these include the circulatory ratio, elongation ratio and compactness coefficient, found to be 0.327, 0.649 and 1.749/km, respectively. This study reveals the physical/hydrological characteristics of this watershed that will lead to hydrological modeling of the watershed for water resource utilization for the communities located within the watershed.
Effect of runoff management and soil conservation practices on the growth and yield of Maize (Zea mays) in a sub-humid agro-climatic zone of Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Okunade D A , Adekalu K O , Gowing J W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife in a completely randomized design with five soil-water conservation (SWC) treatments: Contour bunds (CT); Infiltration pits (IP); Mulched plots (ML); Tied ridges (TR); and the Conventional practice (CP), which served as the control. Four (4) levels of soil moisture replenishment [50% (Full Replenishment), 25% (½), 12.5 % (¼), and 6.25 % (1/8)] after depletion to 50% of Field Capacity (FC) were considered as supplementary water application from an in-situ RWH system. Measurements of soil moisture in the soil profile, plant growth parameters and yield at harvest were made. Results showed that maize yield and WUE varied amongst the SWC practices and within the years from the experimental plots with substantial yield improvements. The TR and CT gave better yields compared with the ML and IP of the same year. The 50 and 25% replenishment levels under TR and CT also gave better yield and WUE compared with other levels of replenishment. Biomass yield for the 2008-2010 planting seasons recorded higher values in TR, IP and CT compare to the control experiment, while the moisture retention ability was better in TR and slightly lower in CT of the same year. In 2011 soil moisture replenishment, the 50% gave the highest yield in a TR, followed by the CT and ML treatments. The TR gave the best WUE for the 50% and in all cases the CP gave a comparatively low efficiency. The study concluded that the methods of soil moisture conservation practice is an effective way to increase water availability for higher crop yields; but a combination of the supplementary, in-situ RWH system could produce better results in terms of enhanced yield and mitigate against the adverse effect of short duration intra-seasonal drought.
Effect of coir fibre and clayey soil on the strength of unglazed roofing tiles
Authors: Atoyebi O D , Orogbade B O , Olayanju T M A , Okunola A A , Oyetayo A J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Agricultural waste based roofing materials can be useful in the construction of farm structures and green buildings. This study evaluated the transverse breaking strength, flexural strength and Water Absorption properties of concrete roofing tile replacing the conventionally used sisal fiber which provides transverse strength with coir fiber and plaster sand with clay soil. Five roofing tile samples of different mix design were produced. The result attained for the flexural test and transverse breaking strength for all roofing tile samples at 28 days test showed that roofing tile replace with 100% coir fiber can also be used commercially although it is not as strong as the roofing tile with 100% coir fiber. The result attained for water absorption was within the acceptable value according to ASTM C1492.
Reliability analysis of reinforced concrete beam using varying properties
Authors: Aladegboye O J , Opeyemi D A , Atoyebi O D , Akingbonmire S L , Ibitogbe E M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, the reliability analysis data of simply supported reinforced concrete beams are presented. Beams are structural elements that are very important in all kinds of structures namely high rise buildings, frame structures, load bearing buildings, timber structures and farm structures. The investigation was done using first order reliability method (FORM) with varying parameters such as depth, length and characteristic concrete strength. The safety index and probability of failure from the reliability of the simply supported beam with varying properties was given. The result of the model investigated shows that the formal deterministic way of measuring safety such as in factor of safety and load factor failed to put into consideration uncertainties in design like depth, length, characteristic strength etc. and therefore not consistent.
Effect of crumb rubber aggregate on the performance of cementitious composites: A review
Authors: Adesina A , Atoyebi O D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The increasing use of cementitious composites for different infrastructure constructions has led to an increase in the consumption of raw materials such as aggregate which is a major component in cementitious components. In order to reduce the huge strain posed on the natural sources of aggregate, and continually meet the increasing demand of aggregates to produce cementitious composites; the use of recycled products such as crumb rubber as aggregate in these composites is a viable alternative. However, as the properties of crumb rubber differ from those of conventional aggregate, it is paramount to understand how the incorporation of crumb rubber affects the performance of the cementitious composites. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of how the use of crumb rubber as aggregate affects the performance of cementitious composites in terms of its mechanical, durability, thermal and insulation properties. Conclusions from this paper showed that crumb rubber content in cementitious composites can be optimized to achieve desired properties. Also, the use of crumb rubber as aggregates in cementitious composites reduce significantly the embodied carbon and cost of the composite.
A descriptive and inferential analysis of on-street parking volume in Nigeria –A case study of Ibadan
Authors: Atoyebi O D , Jegede S L , Olayanju T M A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Urbanization is a term used for capturing the process by which a rural settlement transforms into the urban way of life. It is associated with development and civilization. A multitude of push and pull factors is causing a rapid growth in Nigeria’s process of urbanization. Observations from urban centres in Nigeria have outlined various threats faced due to urbanizations such as the risk of environmental hazards, health hazards, and so on. The intense urbanization in Nigeria has further generated urban traffic crises among city dwellers. This traffic exist in different forms but majorly in the road transportation systems. The study analyzes and generate inferences on the stationary vehicular traffic count which was carried out at three areas in the third Africa largest city–Ibadan. Factors such as time point, routes and six (6) categories of vehicles plying the routes were taken into consideration to check whether or not there is a significant difference within each factors. Routes across the study locations with hectic traffic were discovered, such as Efunsetan to MRS and Ososami to Liberty at Challenge, Iwo Road to Abayomi at Gate, First Bank to Ogunpa at Dugbe. Sensitization of road users, strict law enforcement and construction of spaces for stationary vehicles were some of the recommendations made to reduce traffic.
Effect of Guinea Corn Husk Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Concrete
Authors: Odeyemi S O , Atoyebi O D , Ayo E K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Materials in Nigerian building construction are scaling great heights in prices, demanding every stakeholders in the industry to research into alternatives in indigenous materials and agricultural wastes for rural infrastructural development. This research was aimed at investigating the effects of guinea corn ash on mechanical properties of lateritic concrete as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The lateritic concrete was investigated for its workability, porosity, compressive strength and corrosion resistance at varying water-cement ratios with different percentages of Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA). Central composite method was used to obtain an optimal combination that would give the highest compressive strength for the lateritic. The optimal combination was found to be 20% GCHA and 80% OPC at 0.51 water cement ratio. This combination gave a porosity of 14.59%, slump height of 2.75 mm and a compressive strength of 18.78 N/mm2. This is higher than the control compressive strength of 17.61 N/mm2 by 6.64% obtained at 0.7 water-cement ratio. Therefore, guinea corn husk ash can be used as a replacement for cement in lateritic concrete.
Strength evaluation of different cement brands in the production of inter locking paving stones
Authors: Gana A J , Amodu M F , Orogbade B O , Ashinetiang U J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Portland cement remains the most common type generally used throughout the world as a basic ingredient of concrete. Four brands of Portland cement commonly available in Nigeria were investigated through a series of tests conducted to determine their strength characteristics. The study evaluated different cement brands in the production of interlocking paving stones. This study appraised the engineering properties of four cement brands, Dangote 3X Portland Limestone cement, Dangote Falcon kiwi set Portland Limestone cement, Elephant Portland Limestone cement, and Elephant Supaset Portland Limestone cement using sampling to ensure equal representation of various cement brands. Mix ratio 1:4 was used to produce the interlocks and tests such as flexural strength and compressive strength were conducted on 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The flexural strength was conducted following IS 15658:2006 and the result ranges from 1.79 – 4.48N/mm2. Comparing the results of different brands of cement suggests recommended cement brands to be used in producing interlocks for Residential pathway/public pedestrian path, Residential driveways (light vehicles, commercial vehicles). The compressive strength result for the mix ratio 1:4 ranges from 5.44-15.91N/mm2 and Dangote Falcon had the highest compressive strengths of 15.27N/mm2 and 15.91N/mm2 a 28 and 21 days respectively indicating that it is stronger than other cement brands in the production of interlocking stones. Dangote Falcon and Elephant Supaset are recommended to produce interlocking paving stone on higher compressive and flexural strength.
Development of a mobile livestock loading ramp
Authors: Mijinyawa Y , Asiru A A , Olaogun S C , Adedokun R A M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An Adjustable Mobile Loading Ramp was developed to serve as panacea to the inadequacy of handling equipment along the cattle value chain in Nigeria. The Ramp is 2.7 m long and 1.0 m wide. Performance evaluation of the ramp was carried out based on the animal stress indicators i.e. pulse and respiratory rates measured before and after loading. For comparison, similar data were collected when loading was done manually at the Akinyele Cattle Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The mean pulse rates (beats per minute) of animals before and after loading were 65.67 and 72.33 units respectively for the ramp as against 68.67 and 89 units for the manual method respectively. The mean respiratory rates (breaths per minute) before and after loading were 30 and 34.66 units respectively for the ramp compared to 29 and 45.67 units for the manual method respectively. Statistical analyses showed that there were no significant differences between the pulse and respiratory rates before and after loading of animals using the ramp. The manual method resulted in significant differences between the pulse and respiratory rates before and after loading. The use of the ramp eliminates many of the hazards associated with loading and unloading of animals onto transport vehicles.
Potential of using agricultural waste (orange peel) and empty water sachets/bags in the production of sound absorption panel
Authors: Saleh A , Ige H O , Akande F B , Yunusa S U , Atiku M M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Noise is an unwanted sound which is mostly produced by the machines, transportation systems, engines, aircraft, etc. Noise pollution is the third pollution resource that has greatly placed an adverse effect on the environment, human health economy. As a result, it became imperative to develop a sound absorption medium that could minimize the aforementioned effects. In this study, orange peels and sachet water bags were used to develop a composite material. The materials (i.e. orange peel and sachet water bags) were prepared into six samples (that is 280g of orange peels and 120g of sachet water bags respectively). These samples were transferred into a two-roll mill (compounding machine), where they were melted at about 150°C temperature before transferring them to a compressing machine which was already set at a temperature of 130°C. This procedure was repeated on the rest of the samples respectively. The composite panel was coupled together to form a box. Three speakers were connected to MP3 and inserted into the box. Test was carried out to check for the sound absorption of the composite using a sound level meter. Various readings were obtained which include: maximum and minimum readings at frequency weighing of “A” and “C” and the sound level drastically reduced after coupling the box, this indicates that the composite board is a good sound absorber. The reduction level of the noise should be quantified.
Genetically modified foods: pathway to food security
Authors: Olabinjo O O , Okunola A A , Olumurewa J A V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Currently, the demand of food far exceeds agricultural production in most developing countries including Nigeria as a result of unsustainable agricultural practices and environmental degradation. Increase in agricultural importation has subsequently increased the government’s expenditure and yearly budget, while also influencing the price of food in the nation. Therefore, a look into other sustainable food options to fight hunger and poverty in Nigeria is imperative. This study attempts to investigate how genetically modified food can help solve the numerous challenges of food security. The study revealed the shortfall in domestically produced food in Nigeria for instance, which is as a result of rapid population growth rate of 3.2% as opposed to food production rate of less than 1%. Advancement in genetic modification technologies has ensured the production of virus, stress-resistant crops and also disease resistant animals. Although these technologies are predominantly employed on plant than animals. Genetically modified foods employ biotechnological processes to alter inherent features of living organisms by replacing the natural gene sequence. Across the globe, several products modified and regenerated by genetic alteration have already been patented and certified by health institutes to be consumable. Foods such as rice, potato, corn, wheat, and soya ranks top in the list of products derived from Genetic Modified species. As research deepens in biotechnology, more uncertainties and controversies surround the consumption of GM products through cutting edge scientific research checked in legal framework, consumers will no longer react negatively towards GM foods.