bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication Network Structure in Developing Water-Friendly Behavior in Dense Community
Authors: Pandjaitan Nurmala K , Lasinta Megafirmawanti 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Water is the main element for the survival of human life and other living things. The availability of water is not only the responsibility of the government but also involves the community in its preservation through water-friendly behavior in the community. In fact, many residents have not yet realized the importance of saving water and maintaining water sources around it. One way to improve water-friendly behavior is through a process of communication between citizens in the community. This study aimed to analyze the structure of communication networks among citizens in an effort to build water-friendly behavior in densely populated communities that experience limited water. Primary data was obtained through surveys on 50 respondents who were equipped with qualitative data through interviews. The data were analyzed by the sociometric method and showed that the structure of the communication network in establishing water-friendly behavior was in the form of radial personal networks where the information center in the community was located in certain people. In this structure there are individuals who act as star actors. They are individuals with important positions in the community who act as Chair of RT and Posyandu Cadres. Most of the star in the network are women. The network structure formed also shows the existence of isolated individuals. People who are isolates are individuals who are elderly (above 50 years) with a solid level of activity (trading). They have the opinion that environmental management in the community is only incidental and unsustainable. In addition there are bridges in the network structure, namely individuals who become members in more than one click or group in the community. The process of interaction between individuals in the community in an effort to build water-friendly behavior is mostly done through face to face communication in daily conversations and at formal meetings such as RT meetings and socialization from the government.
Willingness To Pay and Consumption Characteristics Of Drinking Water to the Housholds in Katulampa Village, City of Bogor
Authors: Syaukat Yusman , Maryani Asih 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Katulampa Village has a variety of potential water resources with relatively good quality. The existence of a variety of water provides an alternative to the community to use clean water. With the increasing number of population and water needs on the one hand, while on the other hand the quantity and quality of water resources is relatively decreasing, the optimal management of water resources to meet various community needs is increasingly important. The objectives of this study are to identify the patterns of community water consumption in the Katulampa Village, to estimate household expenditure for water consumption, and to estimate the value of household willingness to pay (WTP) for water. This research uses descriptive analysis, expenditure analysis method, and contingent valuation method. The results indicated that households in the Katulampa Village consume on average 23.9 m3/month, which comes from various water sources, namely PDAM water, wells, rivers, springs, and seepage water. Bottled drinking water (bottled water) and refilled water are consumed by communities specially to meet the needs of some drinking water. The proportion of expenditure for consumption of bottled water and refill water were relatively low compared to the average income of the people inside and outside Griya Katulampa Housing (GKH). Household expenditure for bottled water and refilled water is relatively high. The estimated average WTP for improved PDAM piped water is Rp 4,414/m3. Seepage water is still consumed by some people, although its use is limited to non-consumption activities.
Consumption Patterns, Perception, And Economic Value of Drinking Water to the Households in Pulogelis, City of Bogor
Authors: Syaukat Yusman , Anggraini Arum 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The high population and economic activities in Bogor City have caused pressures on natural resources and the environment, and resulted in soil and water pollution. Community in the PuloGeulis Village is one of the areas in the city of Bogor whose face the problems of ground water and poor sanitation conditions. As a result, people must allocate a portion of their incomes to consume piped water (PDAM water), bottled drinking water (AMDK), and refilled water. The purpose of this study is to identify sources of drinking water in meeting the needs of clean water for the people of Kampung PuloGeulis, to estimate the amount of expenditure for clean water consumption, and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) of the community in the provision of improved clean water from the PDAM. Data analysis methods include descriptive analysis, income and expenditure analysis, and contingent valuation method. The results showed that the PuloGeulis community had four main water sources and produced five patterns of combined use of water. Total expenditure for clean water consumption is still relatively low i.e., about 4% of the average household income. People consume bottled water and refilled water because, it is perceived, that the quality of PDAM water is lower than alternative water sources. This has resulted in higher willingness to pay when there is an improvement in the water supply system through the PDAM. The estimated value of household WTP is quite high, around Rp 4,573/m3 for household in category R3. The community has felt the impact of waste pollution in the forms of smell and contamination of the surrounding land and water, so they proposed several environmental improvement programs in the Pulo Geulis area.
Flow control by pile-group groynes used for riverbank instability management
Authors: Safie O , Tominaga A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Smooth reduction of velocity from the mainstream to the bank is a desirable attempt when using a groyne for riverbank protection purpose. This can be achieved by applying modifications to groyne permeability or layout. In this study, the effects of different pile-group groynes on the flow deceleration were investigated experimentally. Different aspects including pile density, arrangement, row spacing and effects on the long downstream were considered. The results show that the pile arrangement pattern is an important factor on the control of flow magnitude and pattern behind a pile-group groyne. A gradual and smooth velocity reduction from the mainstream to the bank can be obtained by changing the arrangement of piles in a pile-group groyne.
Pidgin play: Linguistic subversion on Chinese-run construction sites in Ethiopia
Authors: Driessen Miriam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Chinese-run construction sites that have emerged across the Ethiopian landscape over the past two decades have given rise to a pidgin—a contact language that facilitates communication between Chinese managers and the Ethiopian labourers under their direction. By unravelling the nature of this pidgin, including its lexicon, syntax, and semantics, this article discusses the power dynamics in Ethiopian–Chinese encounters through the lens of language. A prototypical contact language at first blush, the pidgin spoken on Chinese road projects in Ethiopia is different from pidgins that emerged in colonial Africa. Its structure and use reveal that power relations between Chinese management and Ethiopian rank and file are less asymmetrical than often portrayed. As a site of contestation as much as collaboration, pidgin has in fact become one of the domains in which power is negotiated. By hijacking words and manipulating their meanings, Ethiopian workers play with pidgin in an attempt to confront expatriate management and challenge the sociopolitical asymmetries that the growing Chinese presence in their country has brought forth.
The (self) protection of civilians in South Sudan: Popular and community justice practices
Authors: Rhoads Emily Paddon , Sutton Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over the past decade, a body of scholarship on civilian self-protection (CSP) has emerged, advancing understandings of civilian agency in war. In this article, we argue that CSP has been conceptualized in a narrow manner, reflecting the nascent status of the field. Scholars have focused on responses to threats directly related to the dynamics of conflict, physical in nature, and caused by the presence of armed groups. Using the case study of the Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites in South Sudan and drawing on over 150 interviews, we identify one type of protective response neglected in the literature: community and popular justice. Although the PoC sites provide a measure of protection, residents face a range of daily threats that are indirectly related to the conflict, such as crime. In this context, community justice emerged as a natural response, an overlooked yet vital form of CSP that addresses immediate protection needs and fulfills a social ordering function. By conceiving of justice in this way, this article aims to deepen understanding of civilian agency and start a conversation with scholars and practitioners about the boundaries of (self) protection.
The clinical usefulness of muscle mass and strength measures in older people: a systematic review
Authors: Lunt Eleanor , Ong Terence , Gordon Adam L , Greenhaff Paul L , Gladman John R F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and quality and is diagnosed using measures of muscle strength, size and mass. We evaluated the literature on whether sarcopenia measures are predictive of motor outcomes in older people in clinical settings.

Methods
electronic databases (MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for articles on measures of muscle mass, volume, thickness or strength, in older people in clinical settings, which reported cross-sectional or longitudinal associations with motor outcomes. Clinical cohorts included geriatric medical inpatients and outpatients, patients with hip fracture, geriatric rehabilitation and care home residents. Motor outcomes were mobility, falls, balance and activities of daily living (ADL). Due to high study heterogeneity, standardised mean differences were used to compare strength of associations.

Results
in total, 83 articles were identified. The most frequently studied measures were grip strength (47 studies), knee extension strength (21 studies) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (18 studies). Handgrip strength (HGS) had evidence for cross-sectional associations with mobility (14 of 16 studies, 2,088 participants), balance (6 of 6 studies, 1,177 participants) and ADL independence (10 of 11 studies, 3,228 participants), and evidence of longitudinal associations with mobility (3 of 3 studies, 883 participants) and ADL independence (7 of 10 studies, 1,511 participants). There was no conclusive evidence for association with falls.

Conclusions
HS was the most studied measure and was associated with mobility, balance and ADL outcomes. There was a paucity of studies, particularly with longitudinal follow-up, measuring muscle mass, volume or thickness using gold-standard approaches.
Antihypertensive Drugs and Risk of Cancer: Between Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: Sanidas Elias , Velliou Maria , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Fotsali Anastasia , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Mantzourani Marina , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Barbetseas John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntihypertensive drugs namely angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and diuretics are among the most clearly documented regimens worldwide with an overall cardioprotective benefit. Given that malignancy is the second leading cause of mortality, numerous observational studies aimed to investigate the carcinogenic potential of these agents with conflicting results. The purpose of this review was to summarize current data in an effort to explore rare side effects and new mechanisms linking antihypertensive drugs with the risk of developing cancer.
Recent advances of automated methods for searching and extracting genomic variant information from biomedical literature
Authors: Lee Kyubum , Wei Chih-Hsuan , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
To obtain key information for personalized medicine and cancer research, clinicians and researchers in the biomedical field are in great need of searching genomic variant information from the biomedical literature now than ever before. Due to the various written forms of genomic variants, however, it is difficult to locate the right information from the literature when using a general literature search system. To address the difficulty of locating genomic variant information from the literature, researchers have suggested various solutions based on automated literature-mining techniques. There is, however, no study for summarizing and comparing existing tools for genomic variant literature mining in terms of how to search easily for information in the literature on genomic variants.

Results
In this article, we systematically compared currently available genomic variant recognition and normalization tools as well as the literature search engines that adopted these literature-mining techniques. First, we explain the problems that are caused by the use of non-standard formats of genomic variants in the PubMed literature by considering examples from the literature and show the prevalence of the problem. Second, we review literature-mining tools that address the problem by recognizing and normalizing the various forms of genomic variants in the literature and systematically compare them. Third, we present and compare existing literature search engines that are designed for a genomic variant search by using the literature-mining techniques. We expect this work to be helpful for researchers who seek information about genomic variants from the literature, developers who integrate genomic variant information from the literature and beyond.
Phenotype-specific differences in polygenicity and effect size distribution across functional annotation categories revealed by AI-MiXeR
Authors: Shadrin Alexey A , Frei Oleksandr , Smeland Olav B , Bettella Francesco , O'Connell Kevin S , Gani Osman , Bahrami Shahram , Uggen Tea K E , Djurovic Srdjan , Holland Dominic , Andreassen Ole A , Dale Anders M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Determining the relative contributions of functional genetic categories is fundamental to understanding the genetic etiology of complex human traits and diseases. Here, we present Annotation Informed-MiXeR, a likelihood-based method for estimating the number of variants influencing a phenotype and their effect sizes across different functional annotation categories of the genome using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies.

Results
Extensive simulations demonstrate that the model is valid for a broad range of genetic architectures. The model suggests that complex human phenotypes substantially differ in the number of causal variants, their localization in the genome and their effect sizes. Specifically, the exons of protein-coding genes harbor more than 90% of variants influencing type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, making them good candidates for whole-exome studies. In contrast, &lt;10% of the causal variants for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are located in protein-coding exons, indicating a more substantial role of regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

Availability and implementation
The software is available at: https://github.com/precimed/mixer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phenotypic diversity and its relationship to reproductive potential in changing social contexts in a lizard model
Authors: López Juri Guadalupe , Rossi Nicola , Chiaraviglio Margarita , Cardozo Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotype in lizards is related to reproductive function, and hence to reproductive output. Besides the intraspecific diversity in phenotypes, their temporal variation throughout the reproductive season in relation to the variation of social contexts builds extra complexity into sexual selection scenarios. One useful model for understanding phenotypic diversity dynamics is Tropidurus spinulosus because it presents sexual dimorphism in different phenotypic traits, dichromatism in regions related to reproductive behaviour, and it has intense social reproductive interactions. We aimed to evaluate how the reproductive and phenotypic traits of individuals vary with changing social contexts, and how intrasexual phenotypic diversity and reproductive potential are explained by the phenotypic traits. In this study, we used data obtained during four consecutive breeding seasons (2015–2018) in a wild population. The social context, characterized according to the operational sex ratio, varied between months and, therefore, some phenotypic and reproductive traits also varied. We found that body robustness and chromatic diversity were the main sources of phenotypic diversity and were related to reproductive traits in both sexes. Our results help to understand the dynamics and reproductive implications of phenotypic diversity in changing social contexts in a lizard social model.
Loss of supervillin causes myopathy with myofibrillar disorganization and autophagic vacuoles
Authors: Hedberg-Oldfors Carola , Meyer Robert , Nolte Kay , Abdul Rahim Yassir , Lindberg Christopher , Karason Kristjan , Thuestad Inger Johanne , Visuttijai Kittichate , Geijer Mats , Begemann Matthias , Kraft Florian , Lausberg Eva , Hitpass Lea , Götzl Rebekka , Luna Elizabeth J , Lochmüller Hanns , Koschmieder Steffen , Gramlich Michael , Gess Burkhard , Elbracht Miriam , Weis Joachim , Kurth Ingo , Oldfors Anders , Knopp Cordula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe muscle specific isoform of the supervillin protein (SV2), encoded by the SVIL gene, is a large sarcolemmal myosin II- and F-actin-binding protein. Supervillin (SV2) binds and co-localizes with costameric dystrophin and binds nebulin, potentially attaching the sarcolemma to myofibrillar Z-lines. Despite its important role in muscle cell physiology suggested by various in vitro studies, there are so far no reports of any human disease caused by SVIL mutations. We here report four patients from two unrelated, consanguineous families with a childhood/adolescence onset of a myopathy associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SVIL. Wide neck, anteverted shoulders and prominent trapezius muscles together with variable contractures were characteristic features. All patients showed increased levels of serum creatine kinase but no or minor muscle weakness. Mild cardiac manifestations were observed. Muscle biopsies showed complete loss of large supervillin isoforms in muscle fibres by western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Light and electron microscopic investigations revealed a structural myopathy with numerous lobulated muscle fibres and considerable myofibrillar alterations with a coarse and irregular intermyofibrillar network. Autophagic vacuoles, as well as frequent and extensive deposits of lipoproteins, including immature lipofuscin, were observed. Several sarcolemma-associated proteins, including dystrophin and sarcoglycans, were partially mis-localized. The results demonstrate the importance of the supervillin (SV2) protein for the structural integrity of muscle fibres in humans and show that recessive loss-of-function mutations in SVIL cause a distinctive and novel myopathy.
Aggresome-Like Formation Promotes Resistance to Proteotoxicity in Cells from Long-Lived Species
Authors: Sunchu Bharath , Riordan Ruben T , Yu Zhen , Almog Ido , Dimas-Munoz Jovita , Drake Andrew C , Perez Viviana I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The capacity of cells to maintain proteostasis declines with age, causing rapid accumulation of damaged proteins and protein aggregates, which plays an important role in age-related disease etiology. While our group and others have identified that proteostasis is enhanced in long-lived species, there are no data on whether this leads to better resistance to proteotoxicity. We compared the sensitivity of cells from long- (naked mole rat [NMR]) and short- (Mouse) lived species to proteotoxicity, by measuring the survival of fibroblasts under polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity, a well-established model of protein aggregation. Additionally, to evaluate the contribution of proteostatic mechanisms to proteotoxicity resistance, we down-regulated a key protein of each mechanism (autophagy—ATG5; ubiquitin-proteasome—PSMD14; and chaperones—HSP27) in NMR fibroblasts. Furthermore, we analyzed the formation and subcellular localization of inclusions in long- and short-lived species. Here, we show that fibroblasts from long-lived species are more resistant to proteotoxicity than their short-lived counterparts. Surprisingly, this does not occur because the NMR cells have less polyQ82 protein aggregates, but rather they have an enhanced capacity to handle misfolded proteins and form protective perinuclear and aggresome-like inclusions. All three proteostatic mechanisms contribute to this resistance to polyQ toxicity but autophagy has the greatest effect. Overall, our data suggest that the resistance to proteotoxicity observed in long-lived species is not due to a lower level of protein aggregates but rather to enhanced handling of the protein aggregates through the formation of aggresome-like inclusions, a well-recognized protective mechanism against proteotoxicty.
An Alu-mediated duplication in NMNAT1, involved in NAD biosynthesis, causes a novel syndrome, SHILCA, affecting multiple tissues and organs
Authors: Bedoni Nicola , Quinodoz Mathieu , Pinelli Michele , Cappuccio Gerarda , Torella Annalaura , Nigro Vincenzo , Testa Francesco , Simonelli Francesca ,   TUDP (Telethon Undiagnosed Disease Program), Corton Marta , Lualdi Susanna , Lanza Federica , Morana Giovanni , Ayuso Carmen , Di Rocco Maja , Filocamo Mirella , Banfi Sandro , Brunetti-Pierri Nicola , Superti-Furga Andrea , Rivolta Carlo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigated the genetic origin of the phenotype displayed by three children from two unrelated Italian families, presenting with a previously unrecognized autosomal recessive disorder that included a severe form of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability and Leber congenital amaurosis (SHILCA), as well as some brain anomalies that were visible at the MRI. Autozygome-based analysis showed that these children shared a 4.76 Mb region of homozygosity on chromosome 1, with an identical haplotype. Nonetheless, whole-exome sequencing failed to identify any shared rare coding variants, in this region or elsewhere. We then determined the transcriptome of patients’ fibroblasts by RNA sequencing, followed by additional whole-genome sequencing experiments. Gene expression analysis revealed a 4-fold downregulation of the gene NMNAT1, residing indeed in the shared autozygous interval. Short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing highlighted a duplication involving 2 out of the 5 exons of NMNAT1 main isoform (NM_022787.3), leading to the production of aberrant mRNAs. Pathogenic variants in NMNAT1 have been previously shown to cause non-syndromic Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). However, no patient with null biallelic mutations has ever been described, and murine Nmnat1 knockouts show embryonic lethality, indicating that complete absence of NMNAT1 activity is probably not compatible with life. The rearrangement found in our cases, presumably causing a strong but not complete reduction of enzymatic activity, may therefore result in an intermediate syndromic phenotype with respect to LCA and lethality.