bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to sliding of orthodontic archwires under increasing applied moments
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Dennis Carson , Beyer John P. , Grünheid Thorsten 
Published: December 2020

Background: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involves sliding of brackets along archwires. These movements involve friction, which causes resistance to sliding. In addition, moments cause teeth to tip until binding occurs between the bracket and archwire. The manufacturer of a new TiMolium®Titanium archwire claims material properties superior to β-Titanium, potentially leading to reduced resistance to sliding. Objective: To compare TiMolium archwires with β-Titanium and stainless steel archwires as the current gold standard for sliding mechanics under application of an increasing moment. Materials and methods: A total of 120 stainless steel (Smartclip, 3M, Monrovia, CA) and ceramic self-ligating 0.022″-slot brackets (Clarity SL, 3M) were divided into six equal-sized groups. Resistance to sliding was tested with 0.019″ × 0.025″ TiMolium (TP Orthodontics, La Porte, IN), β-Titanium (3M), and stainless steel (3M) archwires using a custom-designed apparatus to simulate sliding mechanics and application of moments of 1000, 2000, and 3000 g-mm. Results: Using stainless steel brackets, the TiMolium archwires had significantly higher resistance to sliding than stainless steel archwires at all moments tested while there was no difference between TiMolium and β-Titanium. Using ceramic brackets, the resistance to sliding with TiMolium archwires was no different than with stainless steel archwires. Both TiMolium and stainless steel archwires showed significantly lower resistance to sliding than β-Titanium. Conclusion: TiMolium archwires have resistance to sliding intermediary to stainless steel and β-Titanium archwires when clinically relevant moments are applied. Used with the stainless steel brackets, they behave like β-Titanium, whereas used with the ceramic brackets, they behave more like stainless steel.
Copper supported on acid-activated vermiculite as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction: a green approach
Authors: Torres-Méndez C.E. , López-Mayorga B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of copper citrate complex supported on acid-activated vermiculite was investigated with a view to preparing an efficient, mild, robust and recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction. The new catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Copper citrate supported over activated vermiculite (AAVrm-Cu2) showed good catalytic activity in the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones. The catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction mixture by filtration and retains its catalytic activity for up to five cycles of reaction with no apparent decrease in yield.
Estimating transmission dynamics and serial interval of the first wave of COVID-19 infections under different control measures: a statistical analysis in Tunisia from February 29 to May 5, 2020
Authors: Talmoudi Khouloud , Safer Mouna , Letaief Hejer , Hchaichi Aicha , Harizi Chahida , Dhaouadi Sonia , Derouiche Sondes , Bouaziz Ilhem , Gharbi Donia , Najar Nourhene , Osman Molka , Cherif Ines , Mlallekh Rym , Ben-Ayed Oumaima , Ayedi Yosr , Bouabid Leila , Bougatef Souha , Ben-Alaya Nissaf Bouafif ép , Chahed Mohamed Kouni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Describing transmission dynamics of the outbreak and impact of intervention measures are critical to planning responses to future outbreaks and providing timely information to guide policy makers decision. We estimate serial interval (SI) and temporal reproduction number (Rt) of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia.

Methods
We collected data of investigations and contact tracing between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020 as well as illness onset data during the period February 29–May 5, 2020 from National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases of Tunisia. Maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used to estimate dynamics of Rt.

Results
Four hundred ninety-one of infector-infectee pairs were involved, with 14.46% reported pre-symptomatic transmission. SI follows Gamma distribution with mean 5.30 days [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 4.66–5.95] and standard deviation 0.26 [95% CI 0.23–0.30]. Also, we estimated large changes in Rt in response to the combined lockdown interventions. The Rt moves from 3.18 [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 2.73–3.69] to 1.77 [95% CrI 1.49–2.08] with curfew prevention measure, and under the epidemic threshold (0.89 [95% CrI 0.84–0.94]) by national lockdown measure.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings highlight contribution of interventions to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia.
Machine learning applied to simulations of collisions between rotating, differentiated planets
Authors: Timpe Miles L. , Han Veiga Maria , Knabenhans Mischa , Stadel Joachim , Marelli Stefano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the late stages of terrestrial planet formation, pairwise collisions between planetary-sized bodies act as the fundamental agent of planet growth. These collisions can lead to either growth or disruption of the bodies involved and are largely responsible for shaping the final characteristics of the planets. Despite their critical role in planet formation, an accurate treatment of collisions has yet to be realized. While semi-analytic methods have been proposed, they remain limited to a narrow set of post-impact properties and have only achieved relatively low accuracies. However, the rise of machine learning and access to increased computing power have enabled novel data-driven approaches. In this work, we show that data-driven emulation techniques are capable of classifying and predicting the outcome of collisions with high accuracy and are generalizable to any quantifiable post-impact quantity. In particular, we focus on the dataset requirements, training pipeline, and classification and regression performance for four distinct data-driven techniques from machine learning (ensemble methods and neural networks) and uncertainty quantification (Gaussian processes and polynomial chaos expansion). We compare these methods to existing analytic and semi-analytic methods. Such data-driven emulators are poised to replace the methods currently used in N-body simulations, while avoiding the cost of direct simulation. This work is based on a new set of 14,856 SPH simulations of pairwise collisions between rotating, differentiated bodies at all possible mutual orientations.
Female filicide perpetrators: challenges facing clinicians and secure services
Authors: Murphy Paula , Lee James , Bisht Vivek , Dodge Liam 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYMuch exists in the literature on filicide and the characteristics of perpetrators and their victims but there is little in the way of practical advice on how to manage perpetrators of filicide in secure psychiatric wards. Clinically, these patients can rapidly respond to medical treatment, only to be faced with the reality of what they have done. In the authors' experiences, certain aspects of their management are particularly challenging due to the emotive nature of their offence. These include managing the interpersonal dynamics on a ward, the media interest that surrounds the case and rehabilitation back into the community. In this article we outline a brief background to filicide in the context of mental illness and describe our experiences of managing the practical difficulties outlined above. The approaches used, outcomes and the supporting evidence base are discussed and illustrated through examples.
Language in Action: The Artistry of Process Drama in Second Language Education by Erika Piazzoli (2018)
Authors: Göksel Eva 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Language in Action: The Artistry of Process Drama in Second Language Education by Erika Piazzoli (2018)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer International, 367 pp., €93.59 (Pbk),
ISBN 9 7833 1977 9614, ISBN e-book: 9 7833 1977 9621
Importância da capacitação dos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária: a doença renal crônica em pauta
Authors: Pereira Daniele Francine , Silva Lucas Saraiva da , Lage Mário Renato Grillo , Silva Luciana Saraiva da , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre 
Published: December 2020

A prevalência de doença renal crônica (DRC) vem aumentando mundialmente, tendo como agravante, o fato de ser uma enfermidade desconhecida por muitos portadores. As diretrizes clínicas recomendam identificar os indivíduos de risco, como os portadores de hipertensão arterial (HA) e diabetes mellitus (DM) e avalia-los anualmente quanto à função renal. Os profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) possuem papel estratégico no diagnóstico precoce e encaminhamento dos pacientes aos especialistas. No entanto, a DRC tem sido subdiagnosticada e tratada inadequadamente, resultando em maior morbimortalidade, custos ao sistema de saúde e qualidade de vida comprometida. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência de DRC oculta em portadores de HAS, com ênfase no papel estratégico da APS na detecção precoce e no manejo adequado da DRC. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com os portadores de HAS acompanhados pela APS de um município do interior mineiro, em 2012 e 2013. Participaram do estudo 293 indivíduos. Realizaram-se entrevistas, avaliações bioquímica e antropométrica. Para o diagnóstico de DRC, utilizou-se a fórmula CKD-EPI, que é atualmente recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde. A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados era do sexo feminino, idosos, com baixa renda, baixa escolaridade e excesso de peso. Encontrou-se prevalência de DRC oculta de 38,6% (IC 95%: 33,0-44,2), sendo que, aproximadamente 14% estavam em estágio avançado da doença. Tal resultado evidencia a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para superar a elevada prevalência de DRC e a problemática do diagnóstico precoce da doença em nível de APS. Os resultados sugerem que o atendimento da APS tem falhado, visto a elevada prevalência de DRC oculta nos portadores de HAS, que deveriam ser acompanhados rotineiramente. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais da APS, especialmente os médicos para solicitação dos exames, análise e prescrição de condutas terapêuticas adequadas, bem como de uma equipe multiprofissional integrada, a fim de manter uma efetiva continuidade do cuidado.
INVENTING URBANITY: URBAN MOVEMENTS IN POLAND
Authors: KUBICKI PAWEŁ 
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the process of formation and transformation of urban movements in Poland. Conclusions are based on the data collected during the research project “Urban Social Movements in Poland” supported by the National Science Centre. For the requirements of the project was adopted a method of qualitative research using the techniques of in-depth narrative interviews, participant observations and secondary data analysis. The author conducted 30 in-depth interviews with leaders of urban movements from sixteen cities. The article describes the process of structuralization and the creation of the identity of the Polish urban movement and their role on the local political stage, stressing, in particular, their significant role as creators of a new discourse in Polish cities.
Asymmetric Impact of Inflation to Financial Development
Authors: Wu Jin-Shun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Because of financial frictions and asymmetric information, inflation impacts financial development uncertainly. These findings are empirically tested within a factor-augmented dynamic panel threshold regression model. This study provides a comparative study on the threshold effects of inflation on financial development between advanced countries and underdeveloped countries. The findings of the study indicate evidence of the existence of a robust threshold of inflation in both sample countries, suggesting that low inflation is development enhancing for the sample of developing countries but impedes financial development for the advanced countries to a certain degree. However, inflation above the minimum level is a hinderance to financial development for all countries considered. The study therefore argues inflation suppressing policies should be the focus in monetary policy to develop the financial sector.
Experimental Study on the Viscoelastic Flow Mixing in Microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Wu , Wang Zihuang , Chen Weiqian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background: The study of blood flow in vessels is always crucial to understand cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, coronary artery disease and deep vein thrombosis. A viscoelastic fluid in a microchannel is modeled for the blood flow study.

Methods: In this paper, we modeled the blood flow through a viscoelastic fluid in a microfluidic channel. The flow properties, especially the flow pattern and transient mixing of two fluid streams in a T-shaped microchannel, are experimentally studied.

Results: It was found that the viscoelastic fluid has a transiently unstable flow pattern compared to the normal Newtonian fluid, and the mixing is also increased due to its elastic property. Similar to the pulsatile blood flow, the fluid is driven under a periodically pulsed stimulus, and the flow pattern and transient mixing are compared at different flow rates and driving period conditions.

Conclusions: The integration of microfluidic technology with the blood flow research could provide a new approach to understand the related disease mechanism, which can also be used to analyze the drug mixing and delivery in the blood flow.
Percepções das gestantes quanto à escolha da via de parto
Authors: Spigolon Dandara Novakowski , Teston Elen Ferraz , Maran Edilaine , Varela Patrícia Louise Rodrigues , Biazyan Sumie Fateme , Ribeiro Beatriz Maria dos Santos Santiago 
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções das gestantes quanto à escolha da via de parto. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com gestantes de um município da região noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas. Para o tratamento dos dados, adotou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Participaram 20 gestantes, das quais 13 realizaram o parto cesárea. De acordo com as respostas das entrevistas foram geradas 25 expressões-chaves e delas originaram-se cinco ideias centrais: A – “Preferência pelo parto normal”, na qual metade das gestantes optou inicialmente por essa via de parto; B – “Indicação da via de parto cesárea”, escolhida por nove gestantes (45%) com indicação médica, a despeito da preferência prévia pelo parto normal; C – “Escolha de via de parto cesárea”, com quatro (20%) mulheres que escolheram essa via por medo da dor; D – “Satisfação com via de parto realizada”, via pela qual todas as mulheres (35%) que realizaram parto normal expressaram satisfação; e E – “Dualidade entre satisfação e sofrimento com a via de parto realizada”, misto de sentimento vivenciado por todas mulheres que realizaram cesárea. Concluiu-se que metade das gestantes tem preferência pelo parto normal, mas a maioria acabou por realizar o parto cesárea. Na percepção das entrevistadas, as escolhas da via de parto cesáreo foram decorrentes de indicação médica, medo, insegurança e desejo pela laqueadura. Sugerem-se ações educativas esclarecedoras para diminuir inseguranças nas decisões das gestantes e possibilitar autonomia na escolha consciente quanto à via de parto
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Analysis of Working Postures by OWAS among Saffron Harvesters
Authors: Rasoulivalajoozi Mohsen , Rasouli Mojtaba 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) annually dismiss numerous afflicted workers to medical centers and also cause inefficiency among the workers. Given that Iran is one of the major saffron producers and exporters, and having many workers involved, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to analyze the postural conditions of saffron harvesters.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 saffron-harvesters were randomly selected. The prevalence of WRMSDs was examined through the Nordic Questionnaire (The data were analyzed using SPSS Software, Version 21), and corrective measurements were determined for these postures through the OWAS postural analysis.
Results: The results showed that the most compromised regions of any prevalent disorders were back (38%) and waist (31.6%). In the postural analysis, trunk (80%) and legs (13%) were among the corrective measurements of category II, and arms were at category I. In the analysis of combined postures, it was found that 46% of them were at corrective measurements of category II, and 31% were at category III.
Conclusion: Regarding the Nordic Questionnaire’s results and its comparison with the OWAS postural analysis, it was concluded that it was of utmost importance to take corrective measurements to prevent the mentioned damages. Therefore, main ergonomic recommendations and a product-oriented design guideline were advised to correct the postures.
Androgen Receptor Expression of Prostate Cancer Correlates with Gleason Score and Perineural Invasion in West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Putriyuni Anandia , Oktora Meta Zulyati 
Published: December 2020

Prostate cancer is the second most common and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide now. The failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer caused by activated androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways mostly found. The role of AR in growth and progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Analysis of AR expression in prostate cancer has never been done in West Sumatera. This study aims to determine AR expression of prostate cancer and correlate with Gleason score and perineural invasion. A total of 56 prostate cancer from department of anatomical pathology in West Sumatera. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved. Slides of all cases were evaluated to review Gleason score, histopathological grading, WHO grade group based on ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 and perineural invasion. Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied on all cases. High AR expression was the mostly found (51,79%). The mostly prostate cancer is Gleason score 9 (44,64%), histopathological grading poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (76,78%), WHO grade group 5 (48,21%). Perineural invasion was noted in 39,29%. There was significant statistical correlation between AR expression and Gleason score, but no significant correlation with perineural invasion. AR expression is the important marker of prostate cancer progression.
Migratory Bronchial Foreign Body: Role of Serial Radiographs and Review of Literature
Authors: Afiadigwe E.E. , Chime E.N. , Obasikene G. , Ezeanolue B C 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Foreign body impaction in the airway poses a great challenge of management to any Laryngology facility. Prompt localization of the foreign body and its endoscopic removal are the panacea for the successful extraction of the foreign body
Tracheobronchial foreign bodies depending on their size and site of initial impaction can migrate to other locations in the tracheobronchial tree making their identification and subsequent extraction more challenging for the endoscopist.
We present here and review the literature on three cases that throw up such challenges that were successfully managed by the authors to highlight this. Serial radiograph can be useful in the management of such cases especially if delay occurred in its extraction after initial radiograph assessment.
In dogs undergoing elective procedures is medetomidine superior to acepromazine when used as a premedication?
Authors: Littlehales Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

PICO question
In dogs undergoing elective procedures does the use of medetomidine during premedication result in an increase in anaesthetic complication rates, when compared to acepromazine?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Four papers were critically reviewed, all of which were randomised controlled trials
Strength of evidence
Strong
Outcomes reported
There were some statistically significant differences between using medetomidine and acepromazine as premedications in the outcomes measured, but as the clinical parameters including blood pressure were still within acceptable clinical limits, the clinical benefits of these findings remain undetermined. There is also evidence to suggest that patients premedicated with medetomidine have less of a perioperative stress response than those receiving acepromazine, but in addition may have increased risk of cardiac conduction disturbances, but the clinical importance of these findings is also unknown
Conclusion
The overall findings showed that either drug can be used as a suitable premedication, but the differences in pain score postoperatively shown in one small study mean that due to its poor analgesic properties it is recommended when using acepromazine instead of medetomidine, that additional analgesia should be given to reduce postoperative pain for better animal welfare

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Tubule Formation Segmentation Of Histopathological Image Of Breast Cancer By Using Clustering Method
Authors: Waasilah Hadiyyatan , Rulaningtyas Riries , Winarno Winarno , Rahaju Anny Setijo 
Published: December 2020

Histopathological assessment is one of the examinations that allows the classification of breast cancer based on its level. Histopathological assessment factors are based on tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, and the mitotic count. This study only focused on tubule formation. The tubule formation was represented by a lumen surrounded a nucleus. The segmentation of tubule histopathology of breast cancer method was using a combination of k-means clustering and graph cut. The image data used in this study were 15 images of breast cancer histopathology preparations using 5 variations in the number of clusters (k) in the k-means clustering method. The best results of tubule formation segmentation using k = 4, with an average value of balanced accuracy was 81.08% and the most optimal balanced accuracy results was 94.34%.