bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Behavior Change Model for Designing Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthy Diet: Viewpoint
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Oh Yoo Jung , Lange Patrick , Yu Zhou , Fukuoka Yoshimi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundChatbots empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) can increasingly engage in natural conversations and build relationships with users. Applying AI chatbots to lifestyle modification programs is one of the promising areas to develop cost-effective and feasible behavior interventions to promote physical activity and a healthy diet.ObjectiveThe purposes of this perspective paper are to present a brief literature review of chatbot use in promoting physical activity and a healthy diet, describe the AI chatbot behavior change model our research team developed based on extensive interdisciplinary research, and discuss ethical principles and considerations.MethodsWe conducted a preliminary search of studies reporting chatbots for improving physical activity and/or diet in four databases in July 2020. We summarized the characteristics of the chatbot studies and reviewed recent developments in human-AI communication research and innovations in natural language processing. Based on the identified gaps and opportunities, as well as our own clinical and research experience and findings, we propose an AI chatbot behavior change model.ResultsOur review found a lack of understanding around theoretical guidance and practical recommendations on designing AI chatbots for lifestyle modification programs. The proposed AI chatbot behavior change model consists of the following four components to provide such guidance: (1) designing chatbot characteristics and understanding user background; (2) building relational capacity; (3) building persuasive conversational capacity; and (4) evaluating mechanisms and outcomes. The rationale and evidence supporting the design and evaluation choices for this model are presented in this paper.ConclusionsAs AI chatbots become increasingly integrated into various digital communications, our proposed theoretical framework is the first step to conceptualize the scope of utilization in health behavior change domains and to synthesize all possible dimensions of chatbot features to inform intervention design and evaluation. There is a need for more interdisciplinary work to continue developing AI techniques to improve a chatbot’s relational and persuasive capacities to change physical activity and diet behaviors with strong ethical principles.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PPKn Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Guna Meningkatkan Ketahanan Budaya Melalui Pemahaman Konsep Keberagaman
Authors: Santoso Ridwan , Wuryandani Wuri 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This study aimed to produced Civic Education teaching materials based on local wisdom that were appropriate for enhancing the resilience of culture through increasing of the conceptual understanding of the cultural diversity.This type of study was research and development following ADDIE procedures. The research data were obtained from the needs analysis, expert validation, product implementation in the first field trial (one-to-one trial) and the second field trial (small-group trial) at SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta, SMP Negeri 1 Depok, and SMP Muhammadiyah Pakem. This research was carried out until the development stage with research subjects consisting of 3 teachers of Civic Education and 12 students. The research subjects were determined using a purposive technique with consideration from the Civic Education teacher at school.The results of data analysis proved that Civic Education teaching materials based on local wisdom were very feasible to be used in the learning process in the classroom. The results of this research and development could be the basis of further research and development to developed innovative teaching materials that were appropriate to be used to increased the success of the learning process.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan bahan ajar PPKn berbasis kearifan lokal yang layak untuk meningkatkan ketahanan budaya melalui peningkatan pemahaman konsep keberagaman budaya.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan mengikuti prosedur research and development ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil analisis kebutuhan, validasi ahli, implementasi produk pada uji coba lapangan pertama (one-to-one trial) dan uji coba lapangan kedua (small-group trial) di SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta, SMP Negeri 1 Depok, dan SMP Muhammadiyah Pakem. Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai tahap development dengan subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 guru mata pelajaran PPKn dan 12 peserta didik. Subjek penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive dengan pertimbangan dari guru PPKn di sekolah.Hasil analisis data membuktikan produk bahan ajar PPKn berbasis kearifan lokal sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini dapat menjadi dasar penelitian dan pengembangan selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar inovatif yang layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran
STANDARDIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TWO MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION (GUTIKAS)
Authors: PALIWAL SONIA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The study was designed as standardization and evaluation of two marketed polyherbal formulation (gutikas) for the treatment of skin disorder and antibacterial.
Methods: Selected marketed polyherbal formulations were containing tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) as a main ingredient. The standardization of the two polyherbal formulation was carried out as per official guidelines, in which the polyherbal tablet formulation was subjected that physiochemical characterization, phytochemical, and pharmaceutical parameter would serve as the identity of this polyherbal formulation.
Results: Phytochemical test indicates the presence of alkaloid, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, and steroids in both formulations. Parameters for loss of drying, pH, ash values, and extractive values documented. Pharmaceutical parameters, such as hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration, were found to be within acceptable values.
Conclusion: From the result, it was concluded that polyherbal formulation of tulsi and neem tablet passes all the standardization and evaluation parameters and developed quality standard which can be used as a quality standard for polyherbal formulation.
PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF CEPHALOSPORIN IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT WESTERN INDI
Authors: JOSHI ANURADHA , KHUMBANI URVI , GANJIWALE JAISHREE , GANGULY BARNA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of cephalosporins in children following the implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) in a tertiary care hospital at western India.
Methods: This was an observational study of records using data of pre- and post-implementation of ASP. Data were collected from case files of children admitted to pediatric wards in the years 2012 and 2014, respectively. Data were analyzed to find the prescribing pattern of cephalosporin and its appropriateness in relation to ASP program guidelines.
Results: Three hundred case files were collected and analyzed (n=150 each from the year 2012 and 2014). The mean age of patients in both years was 6.21 years±5.63 (the year 2012) and 5.88 years±5.88 in (the year 2014). Majority of children, that is, 47.3% were suffering from infectious diseases in the year 2012 while in the year 2014, 38.7% suffered from infectious diseases. Post-implementation of ASP, there was an improvement in the appropriateness of cephalosporin prescribing in terms of prophylactic and empirical treatments. Switch over of parenteral cephalosporins to oral was observed in 54.0% patients in 2012, while in 2014, it was seen in 51.3% of patients. There was a 4.6% rise in prescriptions containing 1st generation cephalosporins. Overall there was a significant impact of ASP in terms of appropriate cephalosporin prescribing (p=0.039).
Conclusion: Implementation of ASP and its adherence by pediatricians can improve antibiotic prescribing in children.
ASSOCIATION OF THE IMPACT OF POSTNATAL NUTRITION ON THE GROWTH OF PRETERM INFANTS <34 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE
Authors: FAUJDAR JITENDRA SINGH , SINGH KALPANA , SINGH YADAV RAJVEER , GUPTA JITENDRA KUMAR , KAKKAR MUNISH , ACHARYA USHA , SINGH SOURABH 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the actual daily amount of each nutrient (protein, glucose, and fat) energy and fluid as per current ESPGHAN guidelines for preterm infants and to analyze the role of nutrients at different gestational age on growth and weight of preterm infants.
Material and Methods: An observational and prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. This study included all preterm infants born <34 weeks gestational age admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit during this period at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. A total of 120 preterm neonates were studied.
Results: There were mean weight, length, and head circumference continues to rise till the study end. Mean energy at birth was also continues to rise till the end.
Conclusion: In the study, proper nutritional supplement as per ESPHAGEN guidelines was used for the development of preterm infant. The study showed that there were statistically significant results with anthropometry parameters with preterm baby growth in all domains.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS COVID-19 AMONG RESIDENTS IN HAIL CITY, SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ALSHAMMARI FARHAN , ALHAGBANI TURKI , ALAFNAN AHMED , ALMANSOUR KHALID , KHAN KASHIFULLAH 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Immense measures were taken to monitor the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) against COVID-19 influence a resident’s commitment to these control measures. The objective of the study was to investigate the KAP of Saudi residents toward COVID-19 during the increasingly growing outbreak period.
Methods: Through the authors’ network with residents in Hail city and the northern region of Saudi Arabia, an online sample was successfully carried out among Saudi residents. The participants completed an established and validated online KAP questionnaire. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 16 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments of attitudes and practices of the residents toward COVID-19, included questions on confidence in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak, going to crowded places and wearing facemasks when going out in recent days.
Results: A total of 285 participants took part in the survey questionnaire, of these 54.7% were women, 68.4% held a bachelor’s degree, and 47.7% were engaged in an occupation other than health-care providers. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 65%. The majority of the respondents (66%) reported that they had confirmed the information obtained from different media sources, where nearly 78.3% of respondents agreed that COVID-19 can be successfully controlled. Furthermore, about 92.3% of the participants avoided going out to crowded places, whereas only 41.1% wore facemasks when going out in recent days. A statistically significant association (p=0.0001) was found on analysis of the COVID-19 knowledge score, with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices toward COVID-2019.
Conclusion: The majority of Hail city residents are familiar with COVID-19 in both genders, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices toward COVID-19. Health education programs designed to enhance COVID-19 awareness are beneficial for Saudi residents to maintain positive attitudes and appropriate practices.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHROMOLAENA SCABRA (L. F.) R.M. KING AND H. ROB.
Authors: GIRALDO VILLAMIL PAULA ALEJANDRA , ANDRADE BURBANO ANDRÉS CAMILO , OSPINA LUIS POMBO , PALACIOS JANETH ARIAS , RODRÍGUEZ AGUIRRE ÓSCAR EDUARDO 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extract in Chromolaena scabra (L. f.) R.M. King and H. Rob., against selected strains of bacteria and fungi.
Methods: The agar diffusion method with plate perforation was developed; the microorganisms used were strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum. Rifampicin was used as a positive control. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts was obtained by its efficiency compared to the positive control. A comparison with fluconazole and ketoconazole was performed to determine how much of the extract is required to cause inhibition of fungal growth from the standard.
Results: IC50 was determined by relating the ln of mass evaluated with respect to the square of the inhibition halo; ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of petroleum ether with IC50 values of 85.8 mg/ml and 50.3 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus; the extract of petroleum ether and ethanol from leaves with IC50 of 64 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml, respectively. They were effective with A. niger. Leaf petroleum ether extract showed the best relative antifungal activity against A. niger with respect to fluconazole equivalent to 459.51 when fluconazole is 1.0.
Conclusion: The extracts with high potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms were determined to be ether flowers of petroleum and ethanol leaf extracts.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF ALGERIAN SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL (DELILE) HAYNE LEAVES
Authors: BENMAAROUF DAOUIA KELTOUM , PINTO DIANA C. G. A. , CHINA BERNARD , ZENIA SAFIA , BENDESARI KHEIRA BOUZID , BEN-MAHDI MERIEM HIND 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To investigate the qualitative composition of the acetonic extract from leaves of S. argel (AESA) and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo.
Methods: AESA profile was established by UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS2. AESA was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD-420 method. Antioxydant activity of AESA was performed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects of AESA were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Further, anti-nociceptives activities of AESA were assessed by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test.
Results: The in vivo AESA toxicity was low. AESA expresses a maximum radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 36,05 μg/ml. The AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageen an induced paw edema by 70.09% and 85.53% 6h after carrageenan injection, respectively. AESA produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellets-induced granuloma formation in rats. In addition, AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.83 and 80.41%, respectively. Oral administration of 250 and 400 mg/kg of AESA caused a significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effect in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking. AESA also impacted the pain latency in the hot plat test.
Conclusion: These data suggest that AESA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. These results support the traditional use of S. argel to cure pain and inflammatory diseases in the Algerian Sahara.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF MUSK ON ORGANISMS DIFFERENT TYPES
Authors: ALJURISS JANA ABDUL MOHSEN , ALNAJEM NOURA SAUD , ALGHOFAILI FAHDAH FAHAD , AL-ARIFI TURKI N. , AL-KHATTAF FATIMAH S. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aims to The research aimed at a comparative study the effect of natural and synthetic musk compared to creams that have an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effect on the growth of Candida albicans that causes vaginal diseases in women, as well as the growth of the bacteria strains include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, which would be more effective in inhibiting the growth of these microbes and Achieve the recommendation of the Prophet Muhammad for women to treat the vagina with natural musk, find alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, and reduce their negative effects on human health.
Methods: This study investigates the antagonistic effect of Anti fungal and bacterial Cream and different natural type {Musk (N. M), Black Musk (B. M)} and chemical Musk {white Musk (W. M), cream Musk (M. C) } on some microorganisms. The types of yeast Candida albicans HVS and the bacteria strains include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, were tested by means of disk diffusion,
Results: Results indicated that Musk has inhibitory effects on the growth of study microorganisms Musk contains active substances similar to antibiotic, alkaloids and volatile oils present in them as they have the ability to stop the growth of many microorganisms. The effect of natural musk was higher than the effect synthetic musk, And the microbes were the most sensitive to musk is Bacillus subtilis. As for anti-microbial creams, the effect of the anti-bacterial cream was more effective in their suppression compared to all kinds of musk unlike the anti-fungal cream which gave a negative result.
Conclusion: This study showed that the different concentrations of natural musk have an effective role in inhibiting some of the microbes of this vaginal pathogen, and it has given a positive opposite result to these microbes, and therefore it can be used as a natural antibiotic that reduces side effects on females and the environment.
MAPPING SPECIFICS OF LANGUAGES OF NOMADIC PEOPLES IN CIRCUMPOLAR AREAS OF EURASIA
Authors: Коряков Юрий Борисович 
Published: September 2020

В работе рассматриваются основные трудности, возникающие при картографировании кочевых народов и их языков, по сравнению с картографированием оседлых народов и языков. Показана история картографии народов и языков Севера в XIX–XX вв. Затем рассматриваются существующие источники для современных карт. Наконец, предлагается целый ряд визуальных решений, позволяющих достаточно адекватно и в то же время наглядно отобразить на картах не только кочевые и полукочевые этнические группы, но их языки. Эти решения иллюстрируются картами.
This study concerns with the main difficulties connected to the mapping of the nomadic peoples and their languages compared to the mapping of the sedentary peoples and languages. Among those difficulties are huge areas with no clear borders between them, very low population density, high personal, family and seasonal mobility, overlapping of winter pastures of one ethnic groups with summer pastures of another groups, transition of migration routes might through other group area, extensive multilingualism and lack of data. Quite surprisingly for an outside observer, the most part of Eurasian Circumpolar area were inhabited until recently by nomadic or semi-nomadic groups. Several types of life-styles are defined in the article: full (whole-family) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer, partial (male only) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer; (nomadic) hunting and gathering (sometimes together with occasional nomadic pastoralism). During Soviet period many of nomadic ethnic groups switched to mostly sedentary style of life. In the article, the history of cartography of peoples and languages of Russian North in 19th –20th centuries is shown. Then the existing sources for modern maps are discussed. Finally, a several ways of visualisation are proposed which let us show adequately not only nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnic groups but also their languages. Those ways are illustrated with maps.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pangan Pokok pada Provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia Menggunakan Indeks Moran Berdasarkan Metode Bootstrap
Authors: Fallo Lydia Soepriyani , Setiawan Adi , Nugroho Didit Budi 
Published: September 2020

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris, namun saat ini Indonesia sering mengimpor bahan pangan dari negara lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakatnya. Kebutuhan pangan yang dimaksud adalah kebutuhan akan pangan pokok. Kebutuhan pangan pokok setiap provinsi di Indonesia tentunya berbeda, kelebihan maupun kekurangan pangan pokok pada suatu wilayah bergantung pada jumlah produksi pangan dan jumlah penduduk yang ada pada wilayah tersebut.Untuk itu analisis kebutuhan pangan pokok diperlukan selain untuk mengetahui kekurangan dan kelebihan pangan pokok juga untuk mengetahui hubungan wilayah yang kekurangan atau kelebihan dengan wilayah di sekitarnya yang berbatasan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis kebutuhan pangan pokok dengan menggunakan Indeks Moran dengan data jumlah produksi pangan pokok (padi) dan jumlah penduduk pada provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2019. Metode bootstrap digunakan untuk memperoleh distribusi Indeks Moran dan nilai-p. Dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 5% diperoleh bahwa nilai-p. Pada nilai-p yang lebih kecil dari 5 %, yaitu pada tahun 2012, 2015, 2015 dan 2019 maka H0 ditolak yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat autokorelasi spasial atau keterkaitan erat kelebihan atau kekurangan pangan pokok pada wilayah yang berbatasan. Hal itu berarti bahwa antar provinsi satu dengan yang lainnya yang saling berbatasan memiliki kemiripan nilai atau mengindikasi bahwa kelebihan dan kekurangan pangan pokok antar provinsi di Indonesia yang berbatasan akan saling berkorelasi.
FAKTOR PENYEBAB LAMANYA MAHASISWA MENYELESAIKAN SKRIPSI DI FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Adelina Siska 
Published: September 2020

This research aimed for: describing factor that cause of the durating of student completing the thesis in Economic Faculty on State University of Padang. The type of this research is descriptive cuantitative. Population of this researh is the student of Economic Faculty on State university of Padang generatin 2010-2013 where they are complete their thesis. Data collection’s technique with questionarie which use proportional random sampling technique. Sampel for this research is 81 student. Data analysis using descriptive analysis, and exploratory analysis factor.The result from this reseach identify cause the length of the student completing their thesis in Economic Faculty on State University of Padang, and analysis factors being caused is psycological factors, campus environtment factors, family factors, interaction with friend factors, and attention factors. The dominant factor of this research is psycological factors with variabels effective and efficient guidance, less discipline on guidance, more inquired, attention, guidance schedule, interested, motivation, and readiness. The dominant factor make student long to completing their thesis is quidance schedule. Keyword: Thesis Completion, Psycological Factors, Campus Environtment Factors, family factors, interaction with friend factors, and attention factors