bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of appetite sensations and metabolic characteristics with weight retention in postpartum women
Authors: Pereira Leticia C.R. , Elliott Sarah A. , McCargar Linda J. , Bell Rhonda C. , Robson Paula J. , Prado Carla M. ,   the ENRICH Study Team
Published: February 2020

Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is an important risk factor for long-term obesity. Appetite may be a key factor regulating PPWR. The objectives of this study were to determine the associations between (i) PPWR and appetite; and (ii) appetite, lactation, and metabolic characteristics. Data from 49 women at 9 months postpartum contributed to this cross-sectional analysis. Energy expenditure was assessed in a whole-body calorimetry unit for 24 h. Appetite sensations were rated using visual analogue scales. Lactation (min/day) was measured using a 3-day breastfeeding diary. PPWR was negatively associated with fullness (β ± SE; R2 = –2.97 ± 0.72; 0.661; P < 0.001), and satiety (–2.75 ± 0.81; 0.617; P = 0.002), and was positively associated with hunger (2.19 ± 1.02; 0.548; P = 0.039), prospective food consumption (PFC; 2.19 ± 0.91; 0.562; P = 0.021), and composite appetite score (CAS; 0.34 ± 0.09; 0.632; P = 0.001). Lactation was associated with higher CAS (39.68 ± 15.56; 0.365; P = 0.015), hunger (3.56 ± 1.61; 0.308; P = 0.033), and PFC (4.22 ± 1.78; 0.314; P = 0.023), and with reduced sensations of fullness (–4.18 ± 1.94; 0.358; P = 0.038) and satiety (–3.83 ± 1.87; 0.295; P = 0.048). Lactation was associated with appetite, which in turn was related to PPWR. Appetite control should be explored to support postpartum weight management strategies. Novelty Postpartum weight retention was associated with appetite sensations, which were assessed throughout the day under conditions in which energy intake and expenditure were precisely matched. Lactation and other maternal metabolic factors, including carbohydrate oxidation and physical activity level may play a role in controlling appetite during the postpartum period.
On the deconfinement phase transition in neutron-star mergers
Authors: Most Elias R. , Jens Papenfort L. , Dexheimer Veronica , Hanauske Matthias , Stoecker Horst , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study in detail the nuclear aspects of a neutron-star merger in which deconfinement to quark matter takes place. For this purpose, we make use of the Chiral Mean Field (CMF) model, an effective relativistic model that includes self-consistent chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement to quark matter and, for this reason, predicts the existence of different degrees of freedom depending on the local density/chemical potential and temperature. We then use the out-of-chemical-equilibrium finite-temperature CMF equation of state in full general-relativistic simulations to analyze which regions of different QCD phase diagrams are probed and which conditions, such as strangeness and entropy, are generated when a strong first-order phase transition appears. We also investigate the amount of electrons present in different stages of the merger and discuss how far from chemical equilibrium they can be and, finally, draw some comparisons with matter created in supernova explosions and heavy-ion collisions.
Jeans analysis in energy–momentum-squared gravity
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Roshan Mahmood , De Martino Ivan , De Laurentis Mariafelicia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Jeans analysis in the context of energy–momentum-squared gravity (EMSG). More specifically we find the new Jeans mass for non-rotating infinite mediums as the smallest mass scale for local perturbations that can be stable against its own gravity. Furthermore, for rotating mediums, specifically for rotating thin disks in the context of EMSG, we find a new Toomre-like criterion for the local gravitational stability. Finally, the results are applied to a hyper-massive neutron star, as an astrophysical system. Using a simplified toy model we have shown that, for a positive (negative) value of the EMSG parameter $$\alpha $$α, the system is stable (unstable) in a wide range of $$\alpha $$α. On the other hand, no observational evidence has been reported on the existence of local fragmentation in HMNS. Naturally, this means that EMSG with positive $$\alpha $$α is more acceptable from the physical point of view.
Charged anisotropic compact stars in Logarithmic-Corrected R2 gravity
Authors: Shamir M. Farasat , Fayyaz I. 
Published: February 2020

We consider [Formula: see text] corrected model, i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are arbitrary constant values, to investigate some of the interior configurations of static anisotropic spherical charged stellar structures. The existence of electric charge and a strong electric field confirms due to the higher values of pressure distribution and energy density of the matter inside the stars. Furthermore, for compact star configurations, we also consider the simplified MIT bag model equation of state (EoS) given by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is radial pressure, [Formula: see text] is energy density and [Formula: see text] is bag constant. This approach allows to find electric charge from the Einstein–Maxwell field equations. We have extensively discussed the behavior of the electric charge and anisotropic fluid distribution factor for five different values of [Formula: see text]. Interestingly, it is noticed during this study, for smaller values of [Formula: see text] we get intensity in electric charge. The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation (TOV), is modified in order to carry electric charge. In particular, we model the compact star candidates SAXJ 1808.4–3658 and Vela X-1 and give graphical representation of some important properties such as equilibrium condition, mass-radius ratio and surface redshift. In the end, our calculated solutions provide strong evidences for more realistic and viable charged stellar model.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of W/MA956 joints by brazing
Authors: Chen Yuanting , Li Xianfen , Hua Peng , Chen Boyan , Wu Yucheng , Zhou Wei 
Published: February 2020

Brazing experiments between tungsten and MA956 ODS steel were conducted at [Formula: see text] with different holding time to investigate the interface microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the brazed joints. The interface microstructures were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the mechanical properties of the joints were measured to find the optimal brazing parameter. The results show that tungsten and MA956 steel has been successfully joined by brazing. The intermetallic compound of Ni–W formed at the W/BNi-2 interface, which was detrimental to the strength of the joint. Due to the excellent mutual solubility between Fe and Ni, no new formed intermetallic compound was found at MA956-brazing filler interface. The shear strength of the brazed joints with BNi-2 filler reached 246 MPa at the optimal brazing parameter [Formula: see text].
Circulating Immune Cell Composition and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures
Authors: Le Cornet Charlotte , Schildknecht Konstantin , Rossello Chornet Araceli , Fortner Renée T. , González Maldonado Sandra , Katzke Verena A. , Kühn Tilman , Johnson Theron , Olek Sven , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Although ample evidence indicates that immune cell homeostasis is an important prognostic outcome determinant in patients with cancer, few studies have examined whether it also determines cancer risk among initially healthy individuals. We performed a case–cohort study including incident cases of breast (n = 207), colorectal (n = 111), lung (n = 70), and prostate (n = 201) cancer as well as a subcohort (n = 465) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg cohort. Relative counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocyte sublineages were measured by qRT-PCR. HRs and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the associations between relative counts of immune cell and cancer risks. When relative counts of immune cell types were taken individually, a significant positive association was observed between relative counts of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lung cancer risk, and significant inverse associations were observed between relative CD8+ counts and risks of lung and breast cancer (overall and ER+ subtype). Multivariable models with mutual adjustments across immune markers showed further significant positive associations between higher relative FOXP3+ T-cell counts and increased risks of colorectal and breast cancer (overall and ER− subtype). No associations were found between immune cell composition and prostate cancer risk. These results affirm the relevance of elevated FOXP3+ Tregs and lower levels of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells as risk factors for tumor development.

Significance:
This epidemiologic study supports a role for both regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in determining cancer risk among healthy individuals.
See related commentary by Song and Tworoger, p. 1801
Remodeling Translation Primes CD8+ T-cell Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Hurst Katie E. , Lawrence Kiley A. , Robino Rob A. , Ball Lauren E. , Chung Dongjun , Thaxton Jessica E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The requisites for protein translation in T cells are poorly understood and how translation shapes the antitumor efficacy of T cells is unknown. Here we demonstrated that IL15-conditioned T cells were primed by the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase to undergo diminished translation relative to effector T cells. However, we showed that IL15-conditioned T cells exhibited a remarkable capacity to enhance their protein translation in tumors, which effector T cells were unable to duplicate. Studying the modulation of translation for applications in cancer immunotherapy revealed that direct ex vivo pharmacologic inhibition of translation elongation primed robust T-cell antitumor immunity. Our work elucidates that altering protein translation in CD8+ T cells can shape their antitumor capability.
Effects of Exercise Training in Postoperative Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xu Cheng , Su Xiaoqi , Ma Siyu , Shu Yaqin , Zhang Yuxi , Hu Yuanli , Mo Xuming 
Published: February 2020

Background

The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to assess the effects of exercise training on quality of life, specific biomarkers, exercise capacity, and vascular function in congenital heart disease (
CHD
) subjects after surgery.

Methods and Results

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,
MEDLINE
, and
EMBASE
from the date of the inception of the database through April 2019. Altogether, 1161 records were identified in the literature search. Studies evaluating outcomes before and after exercise training among postoperative patients with congenital heart disease were included. The assessed outcomes were exercise capacity, vascular function, serum
NT
‐pro
BNP
(N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) levels and quality of life. We analyzed heterogeneity by using the I
2
statistic and evaluated the evidence quality according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (
GRADE
) guidelines. Nine randomized controlled trials were included. The evidence indicated that exercise interventions increased the one of the quality of life questionnaire score (mean difference=3.19 [95%
CI
, 0.23, 6.16];
P
=0.03; I
2
=39%) from the score before the interventions. However, no alterations in exercise capacity, vascular function, NT‐proBNP or quality of life were observed after exercise training. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that NT‐proBNP levels were lower in the group with exercise training than in the group without exercise training over the same duration of follow‐up. The evidence quality was generally assessed to be low.

Conclusions
In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that physical exercise improves long‐term follow‐up outcomes of congenital heart disease, although it has some minor effects on quality of life.
Global Horse Trade in the United States: 1981-2013
Authors: Aguilera Michael B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Similar to other commodities, US sport horses have increasingly been outsourced. The sport horse commodity chain is a long process involving many actors. The data presented document a shift away from US-born horses to those born in Europe. Since the 1980s, the American sport horse market has become a global market. Over $300 million dollars in horses are imported into the United States, and over a third comes from Germany. These foreign horses have uprooted the domestic supply of sport horses, who were US-born ex-racehorses. This research relies on import data to document the transition from a domestic market to a global market. This transformation has wide-reaching implications for the equestrian industry in the US. Through analysis of import statistics, content analysis, and participant observation, data are presented that illustrate how equestrian show jumping changed as a result of the dependence on European supplies of horses.
Modulation of South Asian Jet Wave Train on the Extreme Winter Precipitation over Southeast China: Comparison between 2015/16 and 2018/19
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Wen Zhiping , Huang Wan-Ru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo extremely wet winters in 2015/16 and 2018/19 over Southeast China are compared in this study. South-to-north discrepancies appear in the spatial distribution of precipitation, with anomalous precipitation centered over the southeast coast in 2015/16 and the lower reaches of Yangtze River valley in 2018/19, respectively. Both instances of enhanced precipitation are ascribed mainly to warm and moist advection from the south, with transport in 2015/16 partly by a deepened India–Burma trough to the west, whereas with transport in 2018/19 mainly by a subtropical western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC). Both the India–Burma trough and WNPAC are maintained by the wave trains propagating along the South Asian jet, which are zonally offset by a quarter-wavelength. Further study of the wave train sources in 2015/16 and 2018/19 shows that they both tend to originate from extremely strong storm-track activity over the North Atlantic but have different displacement. The former is located more northeastward than the mean storm track and is modulated by a strong positive NAO, whereas the latter lies over the midlatitude central North Atlantic along with a circumglobal teleconnection. These differences further result in a quarter-wavelength offset in the Rossby wave source near the entrance of the South Asian jet by the convergence of upper-level divergent wind.
Cricoid Chondronecrosis: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mims Mark M. , Leclerc Andree A. , Smith Libby J. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Cricoid chondronecrosis is a rare entity that has significant consequences for patients. Reports of its occurrence are scattered in the literature and currently there is no comprehensive review to help guide providers. Methods: A case report from our institution is presented. A review of available literature is then provided with assessment of risk factors, signs and symptoms at presentation, laryngeal exam findings, radiologic findings, and surgical techniques. Results: Twenty-four cases of cricoid chondronecrosis were reviewed from the literature. Patient age ranged from 8 months to 76 years. A history of endotracheal intubation for various reasons was present in all but two cases, and duration of intubation ranged from 6 hours to 28 days. Patients presented with airway compromise in all but two cases—one asymptomatic patient with prior tracheostomy and another with dysphagia after radiation. Dysphonia (n = 6) and dysphagia (n = 3) were less commonly present. Subglottic stenosis (n = 19) was the most common exam finding followed by vocal fold impairment (n = 11). When CT scan findings were reported, fragmentation of the cartilage and/or hypodensity of the central lamina were described in all but one case. Interventions ranged from observation on antibiotics and steroids to surgical therapies including tracheostomy, dilation, and posterior cricoid split, with or without stent placement. Conclusions: Cricoid chondronecrosis is a serious, rare entity that can occur even after a short period of endotracheal intubation. Providers must have a high level of suspicion in patients that present with upper airway dyspnea with a history of prior intubation. Level of evidence: Level 4
Methylprednisolone may be associated with improved lung compliance in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Tabatabai Ali , Menaker Jay , Stene Edward , Kufera Joseph A , Rabinowitz Ronald P , Kon Zachary , Herr Daniel L , Scalea Thomas M 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Methylprednisolone has been used for acute respiratory distress syndrome with variable results. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in acute respiratory distress syndrome has increased. Occasionally, both are used. We hypothesized that methylprednisolone could improve lung compliance and ease weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients in our veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation unit treated with methylprednisolone over a 20 month period. Methylprednisolone was initiated for inability to wean off veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was calculated at cannulation, methylprednisolone initiation, and decannulation. Demographics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–specific data, and ventilator data were collected. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test for differences in dynamic compliance. Results: A total of 12 veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients received methylprednisolone. Mean age was 50 (±15) years. Seven had influenza. Methylprednisolone was started on median Day 16 (interquartile range: 11-22) of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In total, 10 patients had veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decannulation on median Day 12 (7-22) after methylprednisolone initiation. Two patients died before decannulation. The 10 decannulated patients had initial median dynamic compliance (mL × cm H2O−1) of 12 (7-23), then 16 (10-24) at methylprednisolone initiation, and then 44 (34-60) at decannulation. Dynamic compliance was higher at decannulation than methylprednisolone initiation (p = 0.002), and unchanged from cannulation to methylprednisolone initiation for all patients (p = 0.97). A total of 10 patients had significant infections. None had significant gastrointestinal bleed or wound healing issues. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone may be associated with improved compliance in acute respiratory distress syndrome allowing for decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. High rates of infection are associated with methylprednisolone use in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Further studies are required to identify appropriate patient selection for methylprednisolone use in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Factors influencing self-care in outpatients with external fixation in China
Authors: Xing Jun , Sun Ning , Li Laiyou , Lv Dongmei , Geng Shuling , Li Yuqian 
Published: February 2020

Objective This study was performed to investigate factors influencing self-care agency in outpatients with external fixation support. Methods Using a cross-sectional study approach, 110 outpatients with external fixation from a single Chinese hospital were evaluated from May 2018 to October 2018. Consecutive sampling was performed, and variables included demographic data, health knowledge regarding external fixation, and self-care skills. Open and closed survey questions were used. Results The mean self-care agency score was 101.70 ± 20.14, with 36 (35.3%) outpatients scoring high. Demographic variables did not significantly influence the self-care level. However, health knowledge was significantly correlated with self-care skills, indicating that knowledgeable outpatients were more likely to be better at self-care. Conclusions Outpatients with external fixation support need higher levels of health knowledge. The level of self-care agency in the present study was in the moderate range. Outpatients with external fixation support with higher health knowledge are more likely to have higher self-care skills.
Improvement in liver stiffness measurement for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with concurrent chronic hepatitis B and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Xu Nan , Xie Qinxiu , Li Jiang , Gao Yufeng , Li Xu 
Published: February 2020

Objective This study was performed to clarify the influence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and establish a new diagnostic model. Methods A retrospective cohort of 601 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) was enrolled as the derivation group, and a prospective cohort of 30 patients with concurrent CHB and NAFLD was enrolled as the validation group. Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LSM in patients with CHB without NAFLD (0.792) was higher than that in patients with concurrent CHB and NAFLD (0.720) in diagnosing significant liver fibrosis. Patients with concurrent CHB and NAFLD had significantly higher LSM values than those without NAFLD among the overall F0-F1 patients (6.88 vs. 5.80). The LSM value in the higher controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) quartile was significantly higher than that in the normal CAP quartile among F0-F1 patients (6.80 vs. 5.74). The efficacy of our new diagnostic model for liver fibrosis (Fibro-NAFLD) was higher than that of LSM in both study groups. Conclusion NAFLD with a high CAP value increases the risk of false-positive diagnosis of significant fibrosis. The Fibro-NAFLD model improves the diagnostic efficacy of LSM in patients with concurrent CHB and NAFLD.