bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Experimental Technology for Simulated Fuel-Assembly Heating to Address Core-Material-Relocation Behavior During Severe Accident
Authors: Abe Yuta , Yamashita Takuya , Sato Ikken , Nakagiri Toshio , Ishimi Akihiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors are developing an experimental technology for simulating severe accident (SA) conditions using simulant fuel material (ZrO2) that would contribute, not only to Fukushima Daiichi (1 F) decommissioning, but also to enhance the safety of worldwide existing and future nuclear power plants through clarification of accident progression behavior. Nontransfer (NTR) type plasma, which has been in practical use with a large torch capacity as high as 2 MW, has the potential to heat subject materials to very high-temperatures without selecting the target to be heated. When simulating 1 F with SA code (Severe Core Damage Analysis Package (SCDAP), Methods for Estimation of Leakages and Consequences of Releases (MELCOR) and Modular Accident Analysis Program (MAAP)), the target of this core-material-melting and relocation (CMMR) experiment was to confirm that NTR plasma has a sufficient heating performance realizing large temperature gradients (&gt;2000 K/m) expected under 1 F conditions. The authors selected NTR-type plasma-heating technology that has the advantage of continuous heating in addition to its high-temperature level. A prototype large-scale experiment (1 m × 0.3 m dia.), called CMMR-0, was conducted in 2016, in which a large temperature gradient was realized and basic characteristics of a heated test assembly were studied. However, the maximum temperature was limited in this test by the instability of the plasma torch under low-oxygen concentrations. It was clarified through this test that an improvement in plasma-heating technology was necessary to heat the large-scale test assembly. The CMMR-1/-2 experiments were carried out in 2017 with a test assembly similar to CMMR-0, applying the improved technology (higher heating power and controlled oxygen concentration). In these two tests, heating history was different, resulting in similar physical responses with more pronounced material melting and relocation in the CMMR-2 experiment. The CMMR-2 experiment was selected from the perspective of establishing an experimental technology. The CMMR-2 experiment adopted a 30-min heating period, wherein the power was increased to a level where a large temperature gradient was expected at the lower part of the core under actual 1 F accident conditions. Most of the control blade and channel box migrated from the original position. After heating, the simulated fuel assembly was measured by X-ray-computed tomography (CT) technology and by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). CT pictures and elemental mapping demonstrated its excellent performance with rather good precision. Based on these results, an excellent perspective, in terms of applicability of the NTR-type plasma-heating technology to the SA experimental study, was obtained.
Lessons learned in the challenging case of evolving compartment syndrome with atypical presentation
Authors: Ng Jessica , Makaram Navnit , Mitchell Sarah 
Published: November 2019

We present the rare case of a non-painful compartment syndrome of the forearm in a 35-year old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse, and lessons learned which would have enabled earlier consideration of this limb threatening condition and earlier therapeutic intervention.On initial assessment in the emergency department, the patient was drowsy, tachycardic and pyrexic. There was no obvious pain outwith expectation, and his forearm was erythematous and swollen. Due to the constellation of symptoms and signs, he was presumed to be septic from a forearm cellulitis and was thus treated for sepsis with intravenous antibiotics under the care of the medical team. As his arm swelling continued, he was then thought to possibly have a vascular issue and was given a therapeutic dose of low molecular weight heparin. He was otherwise pain free throughout and had no evidence of neurological compromise. A subsequent orthopaedic review raised the concern of compartment syndrome, and this, alongside a clinically evolving picture, resulted in a diagnosis of developing compartment syndrome being made. The patient underwent subsequent surgical management with dual incision fasciotomies and definitive wound management with split skin graft under the care of plastic surgery.This is a rare presentation of a masked developing compartment syndrome. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations of compartment syndrome in high risk patients, and the importance of early specialist orthopaedic referral, particularly in those who do not present with typical features in their history and examination. We summarise the lessons learned in this case which would have enabled earlier identification of this limb-threatening diagnosis and could have improved further definitive outcome.
Levetiracetam is a useful alternative to phenytoin for epileptic seizures in children
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , Martin Rosie 
Published: November 2019

The studyLyttle MD, Rainford NEA, Gamble C, et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 2019;393:2125-34.This trial was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 12/127/134).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000790/levetiracetam-vs-phenytoin-in-stopping-childrens-prolonged-epileptic-seizures
Development of a longlist of healthcare quality indicators for physical activity of patients during hospital stay: a modified RAND Delphi study
Authors: Koenders Niek , van den Heuvel Stein , Bloemen Shanna , van der Wees Philip J , Hoogeboom Thomas J 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo develop a longlist of healthcare quality indicators for the care of hospitalised adults of all ages with (or at risk of) low physical activity during the hospital stay.DesignA modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Delphi study.Setting and participantsParticipants were physical therapists, nurses and managers working in Dutch university medical centres.MethodsThe current study consisted of three phases. Phase I was a systematic literature search for quality indicators and relevant domains. Phase II was a survey among healthcare professionals to collect additional data. Phase III consisted of three consensus rounds. In round 1, experts rated the relevance of the potential indicators online (Delphi). The second round was a face-to-face expert panel meeting managed by an experienced moderator. Acceptability, feasibility and validity of the quality indicators were discussed by the panel members. In round 3, the panel members rated the relevance of the potential indicators that were still under discussion.ResultsThe search retrieved 1556 studies of which 53 studies were assessed full text. Data from 17 studies were included in a first draft longlist of indicators. Eighteen nurses and one physical therapist responded to the survey and added data for a second draft of the longlist. Experts constructed the final longlist of 23 indicators in three consensus rounds. Seven domains were identified: ‘Policy’, ‘Attitude and education’, ‘Equipment and support’, ‘Evaluation’, ‘Information’, ‘Patient-tailored physical activity plan’ and ‘Outcome measure’.Conclusion and implicationsThe healthcare quality indicators developed in this study could help to grade, monitor and improve healthcare for hospitalised adults of all ages with (or at risk of) low physical activity during the hospital stay. Future research will focus on the psychometric quality of the indicators and selection of key performance indicators.
Long-term clinical outcomes of keratoplasty using gamma-irradiated corneal lenticules
Authors: Mathews Priya M , Fogla Rajesh , Samayoa Erik , VanCourt Shanna , Akpek Esen K 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo report long-term clinical outcomes of gamma-irradiated corneal lenticules in partial and full-thickness keratoplasty.Methods and AnalysisThis multicentre, retrospective case series includes 23 patients who underwent surgery at three centres (India, Guatemala, and USA) between May 2009 and March 2018. The main outcome measures were epithelialization and retention for therapeutic keratoplasty and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) for optical keratoplasty.ResultsPatients were categorised according to primary aetiology requiring corneal transplantation: non-inflammatory conditions, infectious keratitis and sterile keratolysis. Nine patients with non-inflammatory conditions underwent anterior lamellar keratoplasty (n=7) and Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (n=2). All nine grafts remained intact and epithelialized during follow-up (median 24 months). In the seven patients who underwent anterior keratoplasty, the graft stayed optically clear during follow-up (median 12 months), with BSCVA between 20/20 and 20/40 in all but one patient who developed cataract. Nine patients with severe infectious keratitis had emergency patch grafting. Six of those grafts epithelialized and remained intact over a median of 30 months, providing tectonic support until optical keratoplasty with fresh tissue could be performed. Three grafts had recurrent infectious keratitis 1–3 months postoperatively, two of which underwent tectonic keratoplasty with fresh tissue which also eventually became infected during follow-up. In five additional patients with sterile keratolysis who underwent lamellar patch graft, two grafts remained intact during follow-up (median 36 months). Two patients had recurrent corneal melt within 1 month, and both had subsequent corneal surgery with fresh tissue which also failed. There were no donor-related complications.ConclusionGamma-irradiated sterile corneal stromal lenticules can be considered as a viable alternative to fresh tissue in various clinical settings.
Leprosy in children: a Cuban experience on leprosy control
Authors: Ruiz-Fuentes Jenny Laura , Rumbaut Castillo Raisa , Hurtado Gascón Laura de la Caridad , Pastrana Fernanda 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundChildren are believed to be the most vulnerable group to leprosy. Childhood leprosy reflects disease transmission in the community as well as the efficiency of ongoing disease control programmes. In Cuba, leprosy is not a national health problem; however, new childhood leprosy cases are diagnosed every year.ObjectiveWe summarise the experience of Cuba on childhood leprosy control over the past two decades.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2017, a total of 103 children in Cuba have been diagnosed with leprosy, showing that active transmission of cases remains in 13 of 15 provinces of Cuba. The majority of cases were multibacillary (66%), and 34% were paucibacillary cases. Clinically 60% of children have more than five lesions all over their body. Voluntary reporting was the principal method of case detection. The presence of familial and extrafamilial contact with leprosy cases may be a cause of concern, as it implies continuing transmission of the disease. Only four children had disabilities (one with grade 2 disabilities and three with grade 1 disabilities). A set of national investigations have been developed to intervene in a timely manner. Intervention strategies that combine clinical surveillance and laboratory test could be an option for early detection of childhood leprosy.ConclusionsEarly detection of cases due to effective health education campaigns, regular and complete treatment with MDT, and contact tracing may be important in reducing the burden of leprosy in the community.
Biallelic VPS35L pathogenic variants cause 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel-like syndrome through dysfunction of retriever complex
Authors: Kato Kohji , Oka Yasuyoshi , Muramatsu Hideki , Vasilev Filipp F , Otomo Takanobu , Oishi Hisashi , Kawano Yoshihiko , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Nakazawa Yuka , Ogi Tomoo , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Saitoh Shinji 
Published: November 2019

Background3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome is characterised by congenital cranio-cerebello-cardiac dysplasia, where CCDC22 and WASHC5 are accepted as the causative genes. In combination with the retromer or retriever complex, these genes play a role in endosomal membrane protein recycling. We aimed to identify the gene abnormality responsible for the pathogenicity in siblings with a 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel-like syndrome, displaying cranio-cerebello-cardiac dysplasia, coloboma, microphthalmia, chondrodysplasia punctata and complicated skeletal malformation.MethodsExome sequencing was performed to identify pathogenic variants. Cellular biological analyses and generation of knockout mice were carried out to elucidate the gene function and pathophysiological significance of the identified variants.ResultsWe identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.1097dup; p.Cys366Trpfs*28 and c.2755G>A; p.Ala919Thr) in the VPS35L gene, which encodes a core protein of the retriever complex. The identified missense variant lacked the ability to form the retriever complex, and the frameshift variant induced non-sense-mediated mRNA decay, thereby confirming biallelic loss of function of VPS35L. In addition, VPS35L knockout cells showed decreased autophagic function in nutrient-rich and starvation conditions, as well as following treatment with Torin 1. We also generated Vps35l−/− mice and demonstrated that they were embryonic lethal at an early stage, between E7.5 and E10.5.ConclusionsOur results suggest that biallelic loss-of-function variants in VPS35L underlies 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel-like syndrome. Furthermore, VPS35L is necessary for autophagic function and essential for early embryonic development. The data presented here provide a new insight into the critical role of the retriever complex in fetal development.
Rotating and non-rotating AdS black holes in $$f(\mathcal{T})$$ gravity non-linear electrodynamics
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Nashed Gamal G. L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We derive new exact charged d-dimensional black hole solutions for quadratic teleparallel equivalent gravity, $$f(\mathcal{T})=a_0+a_1\mathcal{T}+a_2\mathcal{T}^2$$f(T)=a0+a1T+a2T2, where $$\mathcal T$$T is the torsion scalar, in the case of non-linear electrodynamics. We give a specific form of electromagnetic function and find out the form of the unknown functions that characterize the vielbeins in presence of the electromagnetic field. It is possible to show that the black holes behave asymptotically as AdS solutions and contain, in addition to the monopole and quadrupole terms, other higher order terms whose source is the non-linear electrodynamics field. We calculate the electromagnetic Maxwell field and show that our d-dimensional black hole solutions coincide with the previous obtained one (Awad et al. in J High Energy Phys 13:1706.01773, 2017). The structure of the solutions show that there is a central singularity that is much mild in comparison with the respective one in general relativity. Finally, the thermodynamical properties of the solutions are investigated by calculating the entropy, the Hawking temperature, the heat capacity, and other physical quantities. The most important result of thermodynamics is that the entropy is not proportional to the area of the black hole. This inanition points out that we must have a constrain on the quadrupole term to get a positive entropy otherwise we get a negative value.
Phenomenology of the partially aligned 2HDM with leptonic meson decays
Authors: Carrillo-Monteverde A. , Gómez-Ávila S. , Gómez-Rosas R. , López-Lozano L. , Rosado A. 
Published: November 2019

In this paper we present a phenomenological analysis of the Partially Aligned Two Higgs Doublet Model (PA-2HDM) by using leptonic decays of mesons and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] mixing. We focus our attention in a scenario where the leading contribution to FCNC is given by the tree-level interaction with the light pseudoscalar [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] GeV). We show how an underlying flavor symmetry controls FCNC in the quark and lepton couplings with the pseudoscalar, without alignment between Yukawa matrices. Upper bounds on the free parameters are calculated in the context of the leptonic decays [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mixing. Also, our assumptions imply that bounds on New Physics contribution in the quark sector coming from [Formula: see text] mixing impose an upper bound on the parameters for the leptonic sector. Finally we give predictions of branching ratios for leptonic decay of mesons with FCNC and LFV.
Paleogene volcanic rocks in the northern Faroe–Shetland Basin and Møre Marginal High: understanding lava field stratigraphy
Authors: Walker Faye , Schofield Nick , Millett John , Jolley David , Hole Malcolm , Stewart Margaret 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Onshore exposures of the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been studied in detail for over 200 years, whereas the more extensive offshore volcanic stratigraphy is significantly less well constrained with the exception of a small number of boreholes. Within this study we integrate seismic and well data across the northern Faroe–Shetland Basin and Møre Marginal High to improve understanding of the volcanic stratigraphy and its relationship to rifting in the NE Atlantic. Volcanic seismic facies, including compound and tabular lavas and hyaloclastites (representing subaerial and subaqueous emplacement), are interpreted across the study area, calibrated by the Lagavulin borehole. The volcanic sequence was erupted between
c.
56.1 and 55.2 Ma, when subaerial conditions dominated in the region, but extensive lava deltas developed in a seaway east of the main lava field. Geochemical and thickness variations within the volcanic pile have important implications for the regional rifting history. MORB-like lavas at the base of Lagavulin, which thicken substantially northward, support an early onset of rifting near the Møre Marginal High prior to major thinning associated with continental breakup to the south and north. Following a period of erosion, smaller-degree melting caused the eruption of higher-TiO
2
/Zr lavas, marking the final ‘pre-breakup’ volcanism before emplacement of seaward-dipping reflectors.
Kinematics of the virtual geomagnetic poles during Brunhes–Matuyama times
Authors: Caminha-Maciel George , Ernesto Marcia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Twenty magnetostratigraphic profiles from IODP (International Oceanic Drilling Project) sediment cores distributed on the Earth's surface allowed the scatter of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) during Brunhes–Matuyama times to be examined. We identified two groups of recording sites which give different paths for the VGPs during a time interval of about 1.1 myr. Calculations of the VGP velocities and accelerations, as well as the corresponding azimuths, resulted in mean/median values like those observed for recent times. No significant differences were observed during the ‘stable’ and transitional fields. The acceleration azimuths show variations from north–south to east–west depending on the field state: normal/reversed or transitional. Despite the uncertainties in the magnetization of the sediments (overprints and/or low-resolution records), we demonstrate that the use of this database is valid for obtaining kinematic parameters of the geomagnetic field when analysed on a statistical basis.
BaroSense
Authors: Dimri Anuj , Singh Harsimran , Aggarwal Naveen , Raman Bhaskaran , Ramakrishnan K. K. , Bansal Divya 
Published: November 2019

Traffic congestion on urban roadways is a serious problem requiring novel ways to detect and mitigate it. Determining the routes that lead to the traffic congestion segment is also vital in devising mitigation strategies. Further, crowdsourcing this information allows for use of these strategies quickly and in places where infrastructure is not available. In this work, we present an unconventional method, using the barometer sensor of mobile phones to (a) detect road traffic congestion and (b) estimate the paths that lead to the congested road segment. We make the observation that roads are not completely flat and very often, altitude varies along the road. The barometer sensor chips are sensitive enough to measure these variations and consume very little energy of the mobile phone, compared to other sensors such as the GPS or accelerometer. We devise a feature set to map the rate of change of this altitude as the user moves into activities characterized as “still” and “motion,” which are further used by the traffic congestion detection algorithm (RoadSphygmo) to classify the group of users as being in “moving,” “congestion,” or “stuck” states. To estimate the paths that lead to the congested road segment, we compare the user’s barometer sensor readings with a pre-stored road signature of barometer values using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). We show that by using correlation of barometer sensor values, we can determine if users are in the same vehicle. We crowdsource this information from multiple mobile phones and use majority voting technique to improve the accuracy of traffic congestion detection and path estimation. We find a significant increase in the accuracies using crowdsourced information as compared to individual mobile phones. Further, we show that we can use barometer sensor for other applications such as bus occupancy, boarding/deboarding of a vehicle, and so on. The validation of the state determined by RoadSphygmo is done by comparing it with average GPS speed calculated during the same time period. The path estimation is validated over different intersections and considering various cases of commuter travel. The results obtained are promising and show that the traffic state determination and the estimation of the path taken by the commuter can achieve high accuracy.
On the Complexity of Cache Analysis for Different Replacement Policies
Authors: Monniaux David , Touzeau Valentin 
Published: November 2019

Modern processors use cache memory, a memory access that “hits” the cache returns early, while a “miss” takes more time. Given a memory access in a program, cache analysis consists in deciding whether this access is always a hit, always a miss, or is a hit or a miss depending on execution. Such an analysis is of high importance for bounding the worst-case execution time of safety-critical real-time programs.
There exist multiple possible policies for evicting old data from the cache when new data are brought in, and different policies, though apparently similar in goals and performance, may be very different from the analysis point of view. In this article, we explore these differences from a complexity-theoretical point of view. Specifically, we show that, among the common replacement policies, Least Recently Used is the only one whose analysis is NP-complete, whereas the analysis problems for the other policies are PSPACE-complete.