bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Tracheophilus cymbius (Digenea), the first representative from the family Cyclocoelidae
Authors: Li Y. , Ma X.X. , Lv Q.B. , Hu Y. , Qiu H.Y. , Chang Q.C. , Wang C.R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tracheophilus cymbius (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) is a common tracheal fluke of waterfowl, causing serious loss in the poultry industry. However, taxonomic identification of T. cymbius remains controversial and confused. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes can provide genetic markers for the identification of closely related species. We determined the mt genome of T. cymbius and reconstructed phylogenies with other trematodes. The T. cymbius mt genome is 13,760 bp in size, and contains 12 protein-coding genes (cox 1–3, nad 1–6, nad 4L, cyt b and atp 6), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one non-coding region. All are transcribed in the same direction. The A + T content is 62.82%. ATG and TAG are the most common initiation and termination codons, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated nucleotide sequences show T. cymbius grouping in suborder Echinostomata, and clustering together, with high statistical support, as a sister taxon with Echinochasmus japonicus (Echinochasmidae), the two forming a distinct branch rooted to the ancestor of all Echinostomatidae and Fasciolidae species. This is the first report of the T. cymbius mt genome, and the first reported mt genome within the family Cyclocoelidae. These data will provide a significant resource of molecular markers for studying the taxonomy, population genetics and systematics of trematodes.
First molecular identification of hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato G6/G7 in Ecuador
Authors: Ramos-Sarmiento D. , Chiluisa-Utreras V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic illness that can cause significant disabilities, and even death for sick people. The disease is caused by the larval stage of cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus genus. In this study, multiple hydatid cysts were excised from an infected porcine liver. The identification of the parasitic species was made by the morphometric assessment of rostellar hooks and molecular detection of ribosomal DNA extant in protoscoleces of the hydatid sand. Rostellar hooks presented an average length of 27.4 µm by optical microscopy. Parasite DNA were detected in samples of hydatid sediment and positive controls by polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, Echinococcus granulosus was recognized in samples of porcine hydatid cysts by microscopic observation, and the E. granulosus sensu lato strain E. canadensis G6/G7 was identified by molecular assay.
Gastrointestinal parasites as a possible threat to an endangered autochthonous Portuguese sheep breed
Authors: Ruano Z.M. , Cortinhas A. , Carolino N. , Gomes J. , Costa M. , Mateus T.L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Helminth and protozoan infections are responsible for important diseases in grazing sheep, which can be especially threatening in an autochthonous breed at risk of extinction like the Churra Galega Mirandesa Portuguese sheep breed. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity, prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in these sheep and to assess the effects of deworming practices, cohabiting animals on the farm and feed management. Coprological qualitative and quantitative analysis (flotation, natural sedimentation and McMaster method) were used to identify and quantify gastrointestinal parasites and a questionnaire was designed and applied. A total of 512 faecal samples were collected from 49 flocks, and 49 replies to the questionnaire were received. Parasites were identified in 100% of the flocks, and in 97% of the samples. The genera or species that have been morphologically identified were: strongyle-type, Nematodirus spp., Skrjabinema spp., Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Eimeria spp., Dicrocoelium spp. and Fasciola hepatica. This is the first report in Portugal of Skrjabinema spp. The burden of parasites’ oocysts and eggs per gram in faecal samples ranged, respectively, from 50 to 17,550 for Eimeria spp., and from 50 to 6250 for strongyle-type eggs. Factors affecting parasitic infections were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression. Grazing time and a lack of anthelmintic treatment were positively associated with Nematodirus spp. infection. This study showed that there is a high prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in the Churra Galega Mirandesa sheep breed.
The effects of resection of the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerves in the inferior turbinate, with special focus on olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Suzuki M , Yokota M , Ozaki S , Murakami S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere are few detailed studies about peripheral branch resection of the posterior nasal nerves in the inferior turbinate; thus, this study aimed to investigate this.MethodsPatients who underwent submucosal turbinoplasty with or without resection of the peripheral branches of posterior nasal nerves in the inferior turbinate were included.ResultsThe resection of the posterior nasal nerves with turbinoplasty significantly reduced detection and recognition thresholds on olfactory testing. The rhinorrhoea severity, detection threshold and recognition threshold were significantly lower after resection of the posterior nasal nerves with turbinoplasty than after turbinoplasty alone, although there were no significant differences between the two groups before surgery.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that the resection of the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerves in the inferior turbinate with turbinoplasty more effectively inhibits allergic symptoms compared with turbinoplasty alone. It also showed that the resection of the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerves can inhibit olfactory dysfunction.
Why rural Malian women want to be candidates for local office: changes in social and political life and the arrival of a gender quota
Authors: Johnson Cathryn Evangeline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhy would rural Malian women express interest in political participation? Mali implemented a gender quota during the 2016 local elections. In a rural village where I conducted immersive research, the majority of women I interviewed following the 2016 poll expressed interest in running for local office in the future. Scholars of women's political participation theorise that quotas bring women to elected office and increase women's political participation. These theoretical perspectives cannot fully explain why women in rural Mali would express enthusiastic interest in political participation. These women participate extensively in savings and credit associations. Drawing on data generated through engagement with women in their daily lives, I explore how economic advancement can shape women's participatory aspirations. Examining longer-term changes in the local political economy of this rural village provides a deeper understanding of why women responded positively to a new institutional opening for political participation.
Opegrapha multipunctaandSchismatomma quercicola(Arthoniomycetes) belong to the Lecanoromycetes
Authors: ERTZ Damien , SANDERSON Neil , COPPINS Brian J. , KLEPSLAND Jon T. , FRISCH Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOpegrapha multipunctaandSchismatomma quercicolaare two sterile European lichens reproducing only vegetatively by means of soredia. RAxML and Bayesian analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit provide clear evidence that these two species do not belong to the Arthoniomycetes, but to the Lecanoromycetes. In our phylogenetic analyses,O. multipunctais nested in the genusPorina(Porinaceae) as sister toP. austroatlantica, whileS. quercicolais nested in the genusSchizotrema(Graphidaceae) as sister toS. zebrinum. The following new combinations are introduced:Porina multipuncta(Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Coppins & Frisch andSchizotrema quercicola(Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Frisch & Sanderson.Schizotrema quercicolarepresents the first record of the genusSchizotremafor Europe and the first sorediate member in this genus. The species is newly recorded from Norway. The lichenicolous habit ofArthonia invadensis confirmed.
Arctoparmelia collatolica (Parmeliaceae), a new species from Siberia, Russia
Authors: CHESNOKOV Sergey V. , PROKOPIEV Ilya A. , FROLOV Ivan V. , KONOREVA Liudmila A. , EVDOKIMOV Gregory S. , SHAVARDA Alexey L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArctoparmelia collatolica is described as a species new to science based on morphological, chemical and molecular data. The species is similar to the usnic acid-deficient chemotype of A. centrifuga but differs in the grey-brown to brown upper surface in the central part of the thallus and ivory white to pale brown rhizines. The species contains collatolic acid and its derivatives. Seven secondary lichen substances are reported as new for the genus Arctoparmelia. A key to Arctoparmelia taxa is provided.
Studies onMicareain Australasia II. A synopsis of the genus in Tasmania, with the description of ten new species
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras , COPPINS Brian J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThirty-five species ofMicareaare recorded for Tasmania. Ten are described as new to science:M. ceraceaCoppins & Kantvilas (also known from Victoria and New South Wales), characterized by a thallus containing perlatolic and didymic acids, pallid apothecia and 3(–4)-septate ascospores, 10–21 × 3·5–6 µm;M. cinereopallidaCoppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), with a granular to coralloid, goniocyst-like thallus containing superlatolic acid, pallid to piebald apothecia and (0–)1-septate ascospores, 8–15 × 2·5–5 µm;M. micromelaenaKantvilas & Coppins, similar to the widespreadM. melaenabut with markedly smaller, 0–1-septate ascospores, 8–12·5 × 2·5–4 µm;M. oreinaKantvilas & Coppins, characterized by a thallus of globose areoles containing gyrophoric acid, black, subglobose apothecia, and 1-septate ascospores, 11–16·5 × 4·5–6·5 µm;M. pallidaCoppins & Kantvilas, similar toM. ceraceabut distinguished by the presence of porphyrilic acid and relatively small, 3-septate ascospores, 9·5–15 × 2·5–4 µm;M. prasinastraCoppins & Kantvilas (also known from New Zealand), a member of theM. prasinagroup with a finely granular-sorediose thallus containing gyrophoric acid, unpigmented apothecia and (0–)1-septate ascospores, 7–11·5 × 1·8–3·5 µm;M. rubiginosaCoppins & Kantvilas (also known from Chile), likewise allied toM. prasinabut with apothecia containing Rubella-orange pigment and ascospores 0–1-septate, 9·5–17 × 3·5–5·5 µm;M. sandyanaKantvilas, related toM. ternaria(Nyl.) Vĕzda but differing by smaller ascospores, 7–13·5 × 3·5–6 µm;M. saxicolaCoppins & Kantvilas, characterized by a relatively thick, grey-brown, areolate thallus, convex, black apothecia and 0(–1)-septate ascospores, 7–18 × 4·5–7 µm; andM. tubaeformisCoppins & Kantvilas, related toM. flagellisporaand with filiform ascospores, 45–100 × 1–2 µm, but differing by containing 2′-O-methylperlatolic acid and having funnel-shaped pycnidia. Ten species ofMicareaare reported for Tasmania for the first time:M. almborniiCoppins,M. argopsinosaP. M. McCarthy & Elix,M. byssacea(Th. Fr.) Czarnotaet al.,M. contextaHedl.,M. farinosaCoppins & Aptroot,M. humilisP. M. McCarthy & Elix,M. incrassataHedl.,M. myriocarpaV. Wirth & Vězda ex Coppins,M. nowakiiCzarnota & Coppins andM. pseudocoppinsiiBrandet al.Also recorded for the first time for Victoria areM. alabastrites(Nyl.) Coppins andM. cinerea(Schaer.) Hedl. A key toMicarea-like lichens in Tasmania, which includesMicareaitself as well asBrianaria,PsilolechiaandLeimonis, is presented.Leimonis erratica(Körb.) R. C. Harris & Lendemer andBrianaria tuberculata(Sommerf.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson are recorded for Tasmania for the first time.
Diet of longnose stingrayHypanus guttatus(Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in tropical coastal waters of Brazil
Authors: Gianeti Michel Donato , Yokota Leandro , Lessa Rosangela Paula Teixeira , Dias June Ferraz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the diet of longnose stingrayHypanus guttatusin the tropical waters of north-eastern Brazil. Samples were obtained from monthly sampling of artisanal fisheries from August 2007 to July 2008. A total of 258 specimens were examined, 127 females and 131 males, and stomach contents analysis suggestedH. guttatusto be a generalist and opportunistic predator feeding on the most available prey in the environment. There was no significant difference in the diet composition of males and females, or between seasons. However, an ontogenetic dietary shift was observed with larger individuals having an increased proportion of molluscs in the diet, whilst smaller individuals predated primarily on small crustaceans.
Parasites shape community structure and dynamics in freshwater crustaceans
Authors: Friesen Olwyn C. , Goellner Sarah , Poulin Robert , Lagrue Clément 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParasites directly and indirectly influence the important interactions among hosts such as competition and predation through modifications of behaviour, reproduction and survival. Such impacts can affect local biodiversity, relative abundance of host species and structuring of communities and ecosystems. Despite having a firm theoretical basis for the potential effects of parasites on ecosystems, there is a scarcity of experimental data to validate these hypotheses, making our inferences about this topic more circumstantial. To quantitatively test parasites' role in structuring host communities, we set up a controlled, multigenerational mesocosm experiment involving four sympatric freshwater crustacean species that share up to four parasite species. Mesocosms were assigned to either of two different treatments, low or high parasite exposure. We found that the trematodeMaritrema poulinidifferentially influenced the population dynamics of these hosts. For example, survival and recruitment of the amphipodParacalliope fluviatiliswere dramatically reduced compared to other host species, suggesting that parasites may affect their long-term persistence in the community. Relative abundances of crustacean species were influenced by parasites, demonstrating their role in host community structure. As parasites are ubiquitous across all communities and ecosystems, we suggest that the asymmetrical effects we observed are likely widespread structuring forces.
The Idea of Accountable Office in Ancient Greece and Beyond
Authors: Lane Melissa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile leaders in many times and places from ancient Greece to today have been called to account, it has been claimed that leaders in ancient Athens were called to account more than any other group in history. This paper surveys the distinctive ways in which Athenian accountability procedures gave the democratic people as a whole a meaningful voice in defining, revealing, and judging the misuse of office, and in holding every single official regularly and personally accountable for their use of their powers. By then assessing a drastic case of unaccountability in a certain moment of Athenian history – the rule of the Thirty in 404–403 BCE – and how accountability was ultimately imposed on them, the paper concludes with thoughts about what might deepen and restore trust in the accountability of public officials today.
The Diversity and Causality of Pension Reform Pathways: A Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: CARRERA LEANDRO N. , ANGELAKI MARINA 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPension reform is one of the top public policy priorities in advanced industrialized countries due to population ageing and the significant weight of pension spending in governments’ budgets. As a result of these concerns European countries have engaged in varying degrees of pension reforms over the last three decades. The extant literature on pension reform focuses on structural, institutional and blame avoidance theories to explain how pension reform take place. Yet, how do different conditions combine to lead to significant pension reform outcomes? To answer this question we analyze a set of 48 pension reform cases in eight European countries since the late 1980s up until 2014 by using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our main finding is that institutional, structural or blame avoidance theories cannot account by themselves for instances of significant pension reform. Rather, we find three pathways that combine structural and institutional conditions to lead to significant pension reform.
Receiving Social Assistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Negating Shame or Producing Stigma?
Authors: ROELEN KEETIE 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the centrality of shame and stigma within research on welfare in high-income countries, these issues only exist within the periphery of rapidly expanding practice in and research on social assistance in low- and middle-income countries. This oversight undermines social assistance’s potential in breaking the poverty-shame cycle and ignores its role in the (re)production of shame and stigma. This article offers a critical exploration of the role of social assistance in alleviating or reinforcing shame and stigma in low- and middle-income countries. Findings indicate that positive and negative effects co-exist but that far too little evidence is available to judge whether social assistance receipt overwhelmingly negates or plays into shame and stigma, particularly in low-income countries. Greater awareness of the interface between social assistance, shame and stigma, explorations of policy options that minimise or counter stigmatisation, and critical engagement with ideological and political discourse underpinning design and delivery of interventions represent crucial steps to move towards ‘shame proofing’ social assistance in low- and middle-income countries.
SLIP-Based Control of Bipedal Walking Based on Two-Level Control Strategy
Authors: Dadashzadeh Behnam , Macnab C.J.B. 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYIn this research, we propose a two-level control strategy for simultaneous gait generation and stable control of planar walking of the Assume The Robot Is A Sphere (ATRIAS) biped robot with unlocked torso, utilizing active spring-loaded inverted pendulum (ASLIP) as reference models. The upper level consists of an energy-regulating control calculated using the ASLIP model, producing reference ground reaction forces (GRFs) for the desired gait. In the lower level controller, PID force controllers for the motors ensure tracking of the reference GRFs for ATRIAS direct dynamics. Meanwhile, ATRIAS torso angle is controlled stably to make it able to follow a point mass template model. Advantages of the proposed control strategy include simplicity and efficiency. Simulation results using ATRIAS’s complete dynamic model show that the proposed two-level controller can reject initial condition disturbances while generating stable and steady walking motion.
Exploring the Appropriateness of Culturally Safe Dementia Information with Indigenous People in an Urban Northern Ontario Community
Authors: Webkamigad Sharlene , Cote-Meek Sheila , Pianosi Birgit , Jacklin Kristen 
Published: November 2019

RÉSUMÉCe projet en application de connaissances a exploré la pertinence d’une documentation en promotion de la santé élaborée pour une population autochtone nationale en vue de son utilisation dans une communauté autochtone urbaine du nord de l’Ontario. Une approche décolonisée et communautaire de recherche-action participative faisant appel à l’épistémologie tribale a été suivie pour former un groupe consultatif autochtone local et établir un partenariat avec le N’Swakamok Native Friendship Centre. Deux groupes de discussion (n=8) composés d’adultes autochtones et cinq entrevues individuelles avec des aidants autochtones soignant une personne atteinte de démence ont alimenté l’analyse thématique qualitative. Quatre thèmes sont ressortis des données: (1) la nécessité d’une compréhension commune des cultures autochtones et occidentales dans le cadre des soins de santé; (2) l’amélioration de la communication interculturelle dans les discussions sur la santé; (3) l’ancrage du matériel de promotion de la santé dans la culture, et (4) les stratégies autochtones de littératie en matière de santé et la sensibilisation aux maladies neurodégénératives. Considérant que les prestataires de soins de santé cherchent des moyens efficaces pour communiquer avec les peuples autochtones, il est important de fournir de l’information pertinente localement et sur le plan culturel afin d’améliorer l’adoption et l’efficacité chez ces populations.
High expression levels of influenza virus receptors in airway of the HBV-transgenic mice
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Li Hao , Jia Liyuan , Lan Xianchun , Zhao Yuhui , Bian Huijie , Li Zheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the human population, influenza A viruses are associated with acute respiratory illness and are responsible for millions of deaths annually. Avian and human influenza viruses typically have a different α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialic acid (SA) binding preference. Only a few amino acid changes in the haemagglutinin on the surface of avian influenza viruses (AIV) can cause a switch from avian to human receptor specificity, and the individuals with pathognostic chronic diseases might be more susceptible to AIV due to the decreased expression level of terminal α2-3-linked SA in their saliva. Here, using lectin and virus histochemical staining, we observed the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in the airway of HBV-transgenic mice compared with that of control mice due to the significant decrease in control mice during ageing, which imply that this is also a risk factor for individuals with pathognostic chronic diseases susceptible to influenza viruses. Our findings will help understand the impact on influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission.
Unlabelled Gibbs partitions
Authors: Stufler Benedikt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study random composite structures considered up to symmetry that are sampled according to weights on the inner and outer structures. This model may be viewed as an unlabelled version of Gibbs partitions and encompasses multisets of weighted combinatorial objects. We describe a general setting characterized by the formation of a giant component. The collection of small fragments is shown to converge in total variation toward a limit object following a Pólya–Boltzmann distribution.
The string of diamonds is nearly tight for rumour spreading
Authors: Angel Omer , Mehrabian Abbas , Peres Yuval 
Published: November 2019

AbstarctFor a rumour spreading protocol, the spread time is defined as the first time everyone learns the rumour. We compare the synchronous push&pull rumour spreading protocol with its asynchronous variant, and show that for any n-vertex graph and any starting vertex, the ratio between their expected spread times is bounded by $O({n^{1/3}}{\log ^{2/3}}n)$. This improves the $O(\sqrt n)$ upper bound of Giakkoupis, Nazari and Woelfel (2016). Our bound is tight up to a factor of O(log n), as illustrated by the string of diamonds graph. We also show that if, for a pair α, β of real numbers, there exist infinitely many graphs for which the two spread times are nα and nβ in expectation, then $0 \le \alpha \le 1$ and $\alpha \le \beta \le {1 \over 3} + {2 \over 3} \alpha $; and we show each such pair α, β is achievable.
Internal iliac artery thrombosis in a 2-month-old infant with incomplete Kawasaki disease
Authors: Musa Husna , Yubbu Putri , Koh Ghee Tiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a case of a 2-month-old infant with incomplete Kawasaki disease with multiple coronary and systemic arteries aneurysms complicated with internal iliac arteries thrombosis. The atypical clinical presentations and severity of systemic vascular involvements discuss the importance of high index of suspicions in younger infants and treatment options in such cases.