bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-15 Thyroid and biochemical profiles during the prepartum and postpartum periods in the blood of primiparous dairy cows with various reproductive abilities
Authors: Montvila Elena K , Mityashova Olga , Solomakhin Aleksey , Bogolyubova Nadezhda , Konovalova Olga , Lebedeva Irina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The metabolic status of dairy cows prior to and after calving can be of great importance for their subsequent reproductive performance. The current research was aimed to compare prepartum and postpartum biochemical and thyroid profiles in dairy cows with different reproductive abilities during the first lactation. Blood samples from 44 Russian Black Pied cows were collected 8, 6, 4, and 2 weeks before calving and 2 and 7 weeks after calving. The cows were divided into three groups: (1) animals with short open days period (&lt; 125 days; SOP, n = 12), (2) animals with long open days period (&gt;125 days; LOP, n = 21), and (3) animals remaining non-pregnant for 1 year after calving (NPR, n = 11). Serum components were measured using a biochemical analyzer and hormonal levels were determined by ELISA. Specific differences between the compared groups in alterations of some biochemical indices, especially the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and the content of triglycerides (TG), were found. The ALT activity reduced 1.3–1.5 times (P &lt; 0.05) from the 4th week before calving to the 2nd week after calving in LOP cows and did not change in SOP and NPR cows. In the SOP group, the serum content of TG increased 1.7 fold (P &lt; 0.05) between the 8th and 2nd week prepartum and then declined 1.5 fold (P &lt; 0.05) by the 2nd week postpartum, whereas it was invariable during this period in the LOP and NPR groups. Besides, free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels four weeks prepartum were 1.2 times lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the blood of LOP cows than SOP cows. Thus, modified prepartum profiles of ALT, triglycerides and free thyroid hormones are associated with the elongation of open days period in primiparous dairy cows. The study was supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (0445-2019-0025).
PSXIII-32 Effects of rumen-protected niacin on dry mater intake, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cow during transition period
Authors: Gaowa Naren , Wang Erdan , Li Shengli , Cao Zhijun , Wang Yachun , Zhang Jun , Wang Yajing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The dairy cows decrease dry mater intake (DMI) before calving and are frequently in negative energy balance after calving. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-protected niacin (NA) on DMI, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cows during transition period. Eighteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated into 3 groups: (1) control diet (Con; n = 6), not supplemented with NA, (2) supplemented diet 1 (NA1; supplemented with 20 g NA/cow daily, n = 6), and (3) supplemented diet 2 (NA2; supplemented with 40 g NA/cow daily, n = 6). Experimental stage was from 49 d before calving until 21 d after calving. Daily TMR intake was monitored by Roughage Intake Control System, and daily rumination time was monitored by Hr-Tag rumination monitoring system and milk yield was recorded every day after calving. Blood samples were collected on d -49, -35, -21, -14, -7, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 relative to parturition for quantifying concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin A (OXA). The 20 g/day NA feeding increased DMI during transition period (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of NPY and OXA, which are the intake related hormones, were significant higher in NA1 than the other two groups in the first two weeks after calving (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the daily rumination time in NA1 was significantly higher than the control group from two weeks before calving to the first week after calving (P &lt; 0.01). The 20 g/day NA feeding significantly increased milk yield (P &lt; 0.05) compared to control group in early lactation. Overall, our study demonstrated that 20 g/day NA feeding could improve DMI and production in fresh cows, while those improvements were not detected with 40 g/day NA feeding.
PSXIII-36 The inflammatory response in cellular level changes during the transition period in dromedary camel
Authors: Zarrin Mousa , Christensen Rachael , DoostMohammadi S Kazem , Ahmadpour Ahmadali , Ahmadpour Amir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During the physiological transition around calving, many aspects of innate and acquired defence are suboptimal. Liver antioxidants would be expected to fluctuate during this time and could be affected by Nrf2 through some means of regulation. However, there is a lack of data on the initiation time of such defence systems against oxidative stress around calving in dromedary camels. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in expression of the responsible genes in the metabolism of antioxidant factors in hepatic tissue of camels at parturition. We studied ten multiparous (2.38 ± 0.56; mean parity) pregnant camels weighing 527.94 ± 73.46 kg BW during four months around parturition. Camels were pastured during the day, kept in individual stalls during the night, and provided with partial mixed ration and free access to water in the stalls. The mRNA abundance of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Peroxiredoxin (Prx) were studied in the hepatic tissues from biopsies obtained at days 60, 45, 30, and 15 antepartum (AP) and days 3, 15, 30, 45, and 60 postpartum (PP), using qPCR technique. Compared to d 60AP, mRNA abundance of SOD1, GPx3, and also Prx1 (P = 0.05), remained unchanged. mRNA of the SOD3 reached a peak at d 3PP (P = 0.01), declined gradually until d 45PP and remained at that level until the experiment’s end. However, the abundance of GPx4 mRNA did not change from d 60AP until d 30PP, then decreased marginally, and stayed at that level to d 60 PP. GPx4 was significantly lower from d 30 to 60PP compared to d 3PP (P ≤ 0.05). These results may help substantiate the increased expression of Nrf2 during this period. Nrf2 could be considered as a primary immunoregulatory factor for orchestrating the genes responsible for cytoprotective systems against oxidative stress.
PSXIII-22 Modeling the optimal time point at which to perform timed artificial insemination
Authors: Thomas Jordan M , Lamberson William R , Hall John B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Timing of artificial insemination (AI) critically impacts likelihood of pregnancy success. In modern timed AI protocols for cattle, AI is performed at a predetermined time point following estrus synchronization. As a result, there may be significant variation among cows or heifers in estrous status and in timing of insemination relative to estrus onset. Recommendations as to when timed AI should be performed are formulated based on research trials evaluating alternative time points. However, available data are limited, as such trials are costly and require large numbers to detect significant differences. As an alternative approach, a mathematical model was developed to predict the anticipated aggregate pregnancy rate to timed AI based on the hour at which timed AI is performed. Previously published distributions of estrus onset were compiled separately for two long-term progestin-based protocols for beef heifers (MGA-PG and 14-d CIDR-PG). Probability of pregnancy was modeled using a regression equation for fertility based on timing of AI in relation to timing of estrus, with heifers grouped in one hour time blocks. Based on a previously published meta-analysis that compiled pregnancy rates when timed AI was performed prior to onset of estrus, a reduced pregnancy rate was assigned to heifers for which timed AI would be performed prior to anticipated estrus expression. Modeled pregnancy rates based on timing of AI were plotted for each protocol. Additionally, use of a split-time AI versus fixed-time AI approach was modeled, as well as predicted impact of varying intervals between the two time points used for split-time AI. Modeled cumulative estrous response and aggregate pregnancy rates were compared to published data for the MGA-PG and 14-d CIDR-PG protocols. Results suggest a mathematical model may be useful to determine the optimal time point at which to perform timed AI following estrus synchronization.
PSIX-41 The potential for different supplement sources to reduce frothy legume bloat based on in vitro degradation characteristics
Authors: Trotta Ronald J , Swanson Kendall C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Previous research has shown that supplementation of corn silage or grass hay can reduce the incidence of frothy legume bloat in cattle. However, forage-based supplements may not be the most feasible supplements due to the infrastructure required for harvest, storage, and feeding. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different supplement sources, commonly available in the upper Midwest, on in vitro digestion kinetics and extent of digestion of alfalfa-based diets. Two ruminally-cannulated steers (928.1±25.5 kg BW) were fed alfalfa hay at 2.0% of BW and served as donors of rumen fluid. Treatments were early-bud alfalfa (CON) or a combination (DM basis) of 80% early-bud alfalfa with 20% of corn silage (CS), brome grass hay (BGH), soybean hulls (SBH), beet pulp (BP), corn grain (CORN), dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), or wheat middlings (MIDD). Tubes were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, or 72-h and assessed for rate and extent of digestion. Samples were run in duplicate and replicated over 4 days. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Measurements reported are from the 48-h incubation. Apparent DM and OM digestibility was increased (P &lt; 0.001) with SBH, BP, CORN, and MIDD and decreased with BGH. True DM digestibility was increased (P &lt; 0.001) with SBH, BP, CORN, and DDGS and decreased with BGH. All treatments besides BGH and MIDD reduced (P &lt; 0.001) NDF digestibility in comparison to CON. All treatments besides BP reduced (P &lt; 0.001) the absolute initial rate (3-h) of apparent DM digestion, and SBH had the lowest rate. These data show that SBH increases the extent of digestion, while reducing the initial rate of degradation, suggesting that SBH has potential to reduce the incidence of frothy legume bloat as an alternative to corn silage or grass hay.
PSIX-7 1H NMR-based plasma metabolomics reveals a potential biomarker of aflatoxin ingestion in dairy cows
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Jiang Yun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study applied high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)-based plasma metabolomics to identify candidate biomarkers of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ingestion in dairy cows fed no sequestering agents and evaluate the effect of supplementing clay and/or a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on such biomarkers. Eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 squares. Treatments were control, toxin (T; 1725 µg AFB1/head/day), T with clay (CL; 200 g/head/day), and CL with SCFP (CL+SCFP; 35 g of SCFP/head/day). Cows in T, CL, and CL+SCFP were dosed with AFB1 from d 26 to 30. The sequestering agents were top-dressed from d 1 to 33. On d 30 of each period, 15 mL of blood was taken from the coccygeal vessels and plasma samples were prepared by centrifugation. Plasma sample (200 µL) was subjected to spectral analysis using a 700 MHz Avance III spectrometer. The metabolite data were subjected to statistical analysis using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Biomarker analysis was done using metaboanalyst 4.0. The model included the fixed effects of treatment, period, interaction of treatment and period, and random effects of cow and square. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Compared to the control, T decreased (P ≤ 0.05) plasma concentrations of alanine, acetic acid, leucine, arginine, and valine. In contrast, T increased plasma ethanol concentration 3.56-fold compared to control. Treatment with CL+SCFP increased concentrations of mannose and 12 amino acids. Based on size of the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic and fold change (FC) analyses, ethanol was the most significantly altered metabolite in T (AUC = 0.88; FC = 3.56); hence, it was chosen as the candidate biomarker of aflatoxin ingestion in dairy cows fed no sequestering agent.
PSXI-18 Clove oil and cashew nut shell liquid have antibacterial activity against some ruminal Prevotella
Authors: Carvalho Venício M , Avila Vicente A Diaz , Matos Aylle Medeiros , Bonin Edineia , Mendes Amanda T Teixeira , Castilho Ricardo Araújo , Prado Rodolpho Martin Do , Prado Ivanor Nunes do 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work was carried out to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata) on Prevotella albensis (DSM 11370), Prevotella bryantii (DSM 11371) and Prevotella ruminicola (ATCC® 19189™). The experiments were designed using each bacterium exposed to two different doses (1:500 and 1:5000 g/L on Tween) of either clove oil or CNSL and with six replicates. Bacteria were cultivated on Hobson’s M2 medium in Hungate tubes. Cultures without addition of any oils were considered as control. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Spectrophotometer Evolution 201 UV-visible (Thermo Scientific) at 600 nm. Readings were performed at 0, 8, 12 and 24 hours after inoculation. Data were analysed using linear mixed models and NLME Procedure in R software. Both clove oil and CNSL had an inhibitory effect against the tested bacteria. However, each bacterium responded differently to the treatment. Clove oil decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the microbial growth of P. ruminicola (-32% and -31%) when doses 1:500 and 1:5000 were used. However, there was no effect of clove oil P. bryantii and P. albensis. The use of CNSL reduced growth of P. albensis (-38 and -41%), P. bryantii (-44% and 52%) and P. ruminicola (-41 and -52%), when doses 1:500 and 1:5000, respectively. These results demonstrate the effect of clove oils and CNSL to inhibit growth of gram negative ruminal bacteria. These results provide a prospect of the use of both products to modulate the rumen. For example, the Prevotellaceae family is responsible to degrade protein, amino acid deamination and formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Thus, CNSL and clove oils have potential to modulate the ruminal fermentation by having antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria.
PSXII-11 In vitro fermentative parameters of diets containing increasing inclusions of soybean molasses for sheep
Authors: Arruda Maria Carolina G , Pereira-Junior Sérgio A G , Almeida Marco Túlio C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing inclusion of soybean molasses (SM) in sheep diets on in vitro gas production, pH, N-NH3 and VFA. Three ruminally-cannulated adult sheep were used as donors of inoculum. The treatments consisted of diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of SM (DM basis) with forage: concentrate ratio of 20:80. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measurements over time (2, 6, 12 and 24 hours). Flasks with a volume of 50 mL were used for incubation. Approximately, 0.2 g of sample, 10 mL of the inoculum and 20 mL of the McDougall buffer solution were added into the flasks. Each time consisted of 6 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles without sample (n = 104). Gas production was measured by a pressure transducer. Concentrations of N-NH3 was determined using micro-Kjeldhal apparatus, and VFA was determined by gas chromatography. The disappearance of DM was evaluated by filtration using nylon bags (50 μm porosity). The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effect of SM inclusion. Total concentration of VFA, pH and gas production per g disappeared (mL/g DM disappeared) had no significant effect (P &gt; 0.05). Gas production per incubated g (mL/g DM incubated), disappearance of DM (%) showed increasing linear effect (P &lt; 0.05), with values of 92.87 to 119.64 and 58.48 to 75.40 for 0 and 30% of SM, respectively. N-NH3 (mg/dL) presented a linear decreasing effect (P &lt; 0.05), ranging from 19.27 to 16.95, for 0 and 30% of SM, respectively. The inclusion up to 30% of SM (DM basis) in sheep diets did not affect in vitro fermentation parameters and did not promote a difference in gas production per g disappeared when compared to other treatments.
PSXII-19 Feed additives association for the rumen fermentation manipulation and reduce production methane in Nellore cattle
Authors: Sene Guilherme , Tropaldi Cristiane , Assumpçao Alice H , Tseu Ramos , Oliveira Júlia , Mendes Isabelle , Junior Flávio Perna , Rodrigues Paulo H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aimed to evaluate the association between essential oils (Next Enhance 300®), exogenous enzymes (Allzyme SSF®), and monensin for the rumen fermentation manipulation, especially reduction of rumen methane in Nellore cattle. Eight cows weighing 480 ± 55 kg and cannulated in the rumen were used in two 4x4 Latin squares, into a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, which one of the factors being analyzed by the squared effect. The animals fed the same basal diet using a corn silage: concentrate ratio of 60:40. The factors used were: 300 mg/animal/d, 10 g/animal/d, 300 mg/animal/d for essential oils, exogenous enzyme, and monensin, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 26 days. Sixteen days were used for adaptation to the experimental diets, while from D16 to D21 for evaluation of DMI and D22 to evaluate rumen fermentation (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12h after feeding) through the ex situ technique, which consists of incubating ruminal content in conditions similar to those of the rumen allowing the measurement of rumen production (SCFA and methane). Differences were considered significant when P-value was below 0,05 through analysis of variance using mixed procedure. No significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) was observed for DMI Monensin decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the concentration of acetic, butyric and total SCFA. However, the production of acetic acid, propionic acid, total SCFA and acetate:propionate ratio was not altered (P &gt; 0,05). Significant interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between enzyme and monensin was observed for butyric acid production, indicating the enzyme used alone did not alter the production of these acid, but when associated with monensin, a reduction was observed. The enzyme reduced (P &lt; 0.05) methane concentration, and when associated with monensin this reduction was increased. However methane production was not affected (P &gt; 0.05). The feed additives evaluated do not reduce the rumen production of methane, but reduced butyric acid production.
PSXII-15 Fiber content in diets for feedlot lambs: ruminal and cecal pH and short chain fatty acids
Authors: Ferreira Evandro M , Eckermann Nathalia R , Biava Janaina S , Avelino Matheus , Pasqualino Letícia , Martins André S , Limede Arnaldo C , Baggio Marcelo , Cunha Ancelmo , Neto Francisco Montanaro , de Paula Matheus F F V , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fifty-eight Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs (initial BW 20.7 ± 1.19 kg and 75 ± 10.83 d old) were assigned to a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of fiber content on ruminal and cecal pH and SCFA. The treatments were defined by the fiber (“Coastcross” hay) content in diets (CP: 16,12% ± 0.92): 0F: no forage diet (NDF: 10.4%); 5F: 5% of forage (NDF: 12.1%); 10F: 10% of forage (NDF: 15%); 15F: 15% of forage (NDF: 15.5%); 20F: 20% of forage (NDF: 20.8%) and 25F: 25% of forage (NDF: 23.5%). The experiment lasted 89 days, at the end of the experiment the lambs were slaughtered without fasting. The forage inclusion linear decreased ruminal concentration of propionate (0F: 45.4; 5F: 39.7; 10F: 41.5; 15F: 39.4; 20F: 35.3; 25F: 30.5 mM/100mM; P &lt; 0.01) and total SCFA (0F: 106.6; 5F: 96.4; 10F: 84.2; 15F: 90.6; 20F: 63.0; 25F: 71.2 mM; P = 0.01) and increased the ruminal concentration of acetate (0F: 43.4; 5F: 45.3; 10F: 47.8; 15F: 49.8: 20F: 51.8; 25F: 57.2 mM/100mM; P &lt; 0.01). However, there was a quadratic effect on ruminal pH (0F: 5.61; 5F: 5.66; 10F: 5.98; 15F: 6.27; 20F: 6.05; 25F: 5.74; P = 0.01). There was no effect of fiber levels on cecal concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetate:propionate ratio. Nevertheless, there was a linear decrease in cecal concentration of valerate (0F: 3.28; 5F: 2.35; 10F: 2.39; 15F: 2.64: 20F: 2.12; 25F: 1.80 mM/100mM; P &lt; 0.01) and total SCFA (0F: 173.9; 5F: 165.7; 10F: 153.2; 15F: 155.2; 20F: 139.9; 25F: 128.9 mM; P &lt; 0.01). Similarly to rumen, cecal pH presented a quadratic response (0F: 5.92; 5F: 6.12; 10F: 6.15; 15F: 6.23; 20F: 6.30; 25F: 5.83; P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, cecal fermentation was different from rumen fermentation. However, pH variation was similar, with higher values for 15F diet.
PSXII-35 Tolerance of fattening cattle to slow release urea
Authors: Devant Maria , Holder Vaughn , Moran Colm 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the tolerance of fattening beef cattle to slow release urea (SRU). Twenty-four growing Holstein bulls were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: CON (no urea) and SRU (Optigen®, Alltech Inc., KY) at 1% or 3% of the ration. Energy and crude protein levels were maintained in SRU diets by replacing soybean meal with SRU, barley meal and corn meal. Daily feed intake and body weights at d 0, 21 and 42 were registered. Blood was collected on d 0 and 42 for hematologic and biochemical analysis. Intake was analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with repeated measures with initial body weight as a covariate. Blood data at d 42 were analyzed using a linear model with fixed effect of treatment including data of d 0 as covariate. Intake did not differ among dietary treatments (P &gt; 0.1). Blood hematologic results for all treatments were within normal physiologic ranges. Compared with CON, bulls fed diets with SRU at 1% or 3% had lesser hemoglobin (13.0 vs.12.3, 12.3 g/dL; P = 0.028) and lesser packed cell volume (33.1 vs. 31.1, 31.2%; P = 0.007). Serum albumin concentrations differed between treatments, but values were within normal physiologic range (3.7, 3.4 and 3.6 g/dL, P &lt; 0.01). Total protein values were significantly lesser in SRU containing diets versus CON (6.8 vs. 6.6, 6.5 %; P = 0.031) and slightly under the reference values. Serum ammonia concentrations were well below the toxic limit and did not differ among dietary treatments (P &gt; 0.1). There was no evidence of ammonia toxicity during the study. Feeding SRU appears to be safe and well tolerated when included at up to 3% of the diet in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets during a 6-wks period.