bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated mental health and vocational intervention: A longitudinal study on mental health changes among young adults
Authors: Liljeholm Ulrika , Argentzell Elisabeth , Bejerholm Ulrika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate changes in mental health among young adults participating in an integrated mental health and vocational support intervention according to the Södertälje Supported Employment and Education model.DesignA prospective longitudinal pre–post intervention study of 12 months.MethodsInstruments on depressive symptoms, quality of life, empowerment, engagement in activities and sociodemographic characteristics were administered to 42 young adults aged 19–28 years with mood disorders. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess changes in mental health.ResultsStatistically significant positive changes between baseline and 12 months were noted for quality of life and engagement in activities. Difference in empowerment scores neared significance and a statistical trend towards lower depression scores was seen, corresponding to moderate depression at baseline and less severe depression at 12 months.ConclusionsIntegrated mental health and vocational services may support young adults' mental health and is suggested to be linked to their personal recovery and clinical recovery.
Hydrophilic TiO2 decorated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Tsen Wen‐Chin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is currently considered to be one of the most potential candidates of commercial perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes. To balance the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of SPEEK, nano TiO2 coated carbon nanotubes (TiO2@CNTs) were prepared using a benzyl alcohol‐assisted sol‐gel method and then used as a new nanofiller to modify SPEEK to prepare SPEEK/TiO2@CNTs composite membranes. The thick insulated TiO2 coating layer can effectively avoid the risk of electronic short‐circuiting formed by CNTs, while the hydrophilicity of TiO2 can also reduce the polar difference between CNTs and SPEEK matrix, thus promoting the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the composites. As a result, the composite membranes demonstrated simultaneously improved strength and proton conductivity. Incorporating 5 wt% of TiO2@CNTs exhibited 31% growth in mechanical strength when compared with pure SPEEK. Moreover, the maximum conductivity was 0.104 S cm−1 (80°C) for the composite membrane with 5 wt% of TiO2@CNTs, which was nearly twice as high as that of SPEEK membrane (0.052 S cm−1).
Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H2/CO2 separation at 100–300 °C
Authors: Hu Leiqing , Pal Sankhajit , Nguyen Hien , Bui Vinh , Lin Haiqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, polymers with superior H2/CO2 separation properties at 100–300 °C have gathered significant interest for H2 purification and CO2 capture. This timely review presents various strategies adopted to molecularly engineer polymers for this application. We first elucidate the Robeson's upper bound at elevated temperatures for H2/CO2 separation and the advantages of high‐temperature operation (such as improved solubility selectivity and absence of CO2 plasticization), compared with conventional membrane gas separations at ~35 °C. Second, we describe commercially relevant membranes for the separation and highlight materials with free volumes tuned to discriminate H2 and CO2, including functional polymers (such as polybenzimidazole) and engineered polymers by cross‐linking, blending, thermal treatment, thermal rearrangement, and carbonization. Third, we succinctly discuss mixed matrix materials containing size‐sieving or H2‐sorptive nanofillers with attractive H2/CO2 separation properties.
Implementation strategies for depression and anxiety screening in a pediatric cystic fibrosis center: A quality improvement project
Authors: Liu Freda F. , Lew Al , Andes Elizabeth , McNamara Sharon , Cassidy Janine , Whitmore Susan , Plunkett Rich , Ong Thida 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines to integrate mental health screening (MHS) into Cystic fibrosis (CF) care has increased adoption across the United States and European CF Centers, however, there has been limited discussion on specific strategies for implementation.ObjectiveShare key strategies that led to successful MHS implementation in one pediatric CF center and report implementation and screening outcomes.MethodsParent partners, mental health experts from the Department of Psychiatry, and the CF clinic team codesigned interventions to support three major stakeholders: (a) patients and families (b) clinic team, and (c) hospital system. The mental health coordinator approached patients (12 and older) to introduce MHS and administered screening and reviewed results using an electronic tablet and digital measurement‐feedback system. We used strategies that promoted visibility of screening progress and sharing of data with hospital administration. Descriptive statistics were used to assess prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression and symptom severity within our sample.ResultsOver the first 2 years of the project, we exceeded our goal of screening 80% of eligible patients per year (80%‐95% screened) and are on a similar trajectory within the first 7 months of year 3. We identified high prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression (16%) and anxiety (14%) similar to those found in other chronic illness populations. These data helped us advocate hospital leadership to support the development of new mental health services to address identified needs at our center.ConclusionLeveraging coproduction to address stakeholder needs led to successful implementation of a sustainable MHS process.
Framework for assessing land‐management effects on at‐risk species: Example ofSE USAwood pellet production and gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)
Authors: Parish Esther S. , Baskaran Latha M. , Dale Virginia H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLand‐management choices made for economic and societal gains intrinsically influence landscapes and species that are dependent upon them. We propose a simple analysis framework to examine critical intersections between land‐management choices and the life‐history conditions of selected species of concern, thereby facilitating the identification of mitigation practices that can reduce negative impacts on species at risk. We test the proposed framework through application to gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), a keystone species that is the focus of conservation efforts across the southeastern region of United States of America, where wood pellets are being produced for bioenergy. Production of these wood pellets for export to Europe and Asia has drastically increased in the past decade, raising concerns about potential harm to biodiversity since many species in the forests sourcing pellet production were already at risk prior to the development of this new commodity. Identifying the mechanisms of potential impacts of wood pellet production on species of concern is essential to establishing meaningful management recommendations that can enhance conservation efforts while supporting sustainable bioenergy. By considering the intersections between life‐history conditions of gopher tortoise and forest‐management practices related to woody biomass extraction for pellet production, we identify several mechanisms by which the wood‐pellet industry might affect this species of concern, both positively and negatively. We then identify mitigation practices that can help offset the potential impacts of logging, thinning, and dead wood removal on gopher tortoise. Our analysis framework may be transferable to other species of concern and land‐management practices across diverse landscapes.This article is categorized under:Bioenergy > Economics and PolicyBioenergy > Climate and Environment
Ester Prodrugs of Malonate with Enhanced Intracellular Delivery Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo
Authors: Prag Hiran A. , Pala Laura , Kula-Alwar Duvaraka , Mulvey John F. , Luping Du , Beach Timothy E. , Booty Lee M. , Hall Andrew R. , Logan Angela , Sauchanka Volha , Caldwell Stuart T. , Robb Ellen L. , James Andrew M. , Xu Zhelong , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Hartley Richard C. , Murphy Michael P. , Krieg Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue initiates the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with heart attack. During ischemia, succinate accumulates and its oxidation upon reperfusion by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) drives ROS production. Inhibition of succinate accumulation and/or oxidation by dimethyl malonate (DMM), a cell permeable prodrug of the SDH inhibitor malonate, can decrease I/R injury. However, DMM is hydrolysed slowly, requiring administration to the heart prior to ischemia, precluding its administration to patients at the point of reperfusion, for example at the same time as unblocking a coronary artery following a heart attack. To accelerate malonate delivery, here we developed more rapidly hydrolysable malonate esters.

Methods
We synthesised a series of malonate esters and assessed their uptake and hydrolysis by isolated mitochondria, C2C12 cells and in mice in vivo. In addition, we assessed protection against cardiac I/R injury by the esters using an in vivo mouse model of acute myocardial infarction.

Results
We found that the diacetoxymethyl malonate diester (MAM) most rapidly delivered large amounts of malonate to cells in vivo. Furthermore, MAM could inhibit mitochondrial ROS production from succinate oxidation and was protective against I/R injury in vivo when added at reperfusion.

Conclusions
The rapidly hydrolysed malonate prodrug MAM can protect against cardiac I/R injury in a clinically relevant mouse model.
Seasonal variability in the inorganic ocean carbon cycle in the Northwest Pacific evaluated using a biogeochemical and carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model
Authors: Ishizu Miho , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Tsunoda Tomohiko , Guo Xinyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere, we investigate the seasonal variability in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) cycle in the Northwest Pacific using a high-resolution biogeochemical and carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model. Results show that the contribution to DIC from air–sea CO2exchange is generally offset by vertical mixing at the surface at all latitudes, with some seasonal variation. Biological processes in subarctic regions are evident at the surface, whereas in the subtropical region these processes take place within the euphotic layer and then DIC consumption deepens southward with latitude. Such latitudinal differences in biological processes lead to marked horizontal and vertical contrasts in the distribution of DIC, with modulation by horizontal and vertical advection–diffusion processes.
Geochemical compositional controls on DNA strand breaks induced in in vitro cell-free assays by crushed rock powders from the Panasqueira mine area, Portugal
Authors: Badri Hatim , Polya David A. , Povey Andrew. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA strand breaks are a common form of DNA damage that can contribute to chromosomal instability or gene mutations. Such strand breaks may be caused by exposure to heavy metals. The aim of this study was to assess the level of DNA strand breaks caused by µm-scale solid particles of known chemical composition with elevated heavy metals/metalloids, notably arsenic, using an in vitro cell-free DNA plasmid scission assay. These samples were incubated with and without H2O2to see whether damage occurs directly or indirectly through the Fenton reaction. Levels of DNA damage in the absence of H2O2were < 10%, but in the presence of H2O2, all samples showed higher levels of damage ranging from 10 to 100% suggesting that damage was being incurred through the Fenton reaction. Using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple linear regression, manganese oxide (MnO), sulphur (S), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the particulates were found to be the most significant predictors of DNA damage. The mechanism of this DNA damage formation has yet to be thoroughly investigated but is hypothesised to be due to reactive oxygen species formation. Further work is required to assess the extent of contribution of reactive oxygen species to this DNA damage, but this study highlights the potential role of chemistry and/or mineralogy to the extent and/or nature of DNA damage caused by particulates.
Prolegomena to a phenomenology of “religious violence”: an introductory exposition
Authors: Staudigl Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis introductory essay discusses how the trope of “religious violence” is operative in contemporary discussions concerning the so-called “return of religion” and the “post-secular constellation.” The author argues that the development of a genuine phenomenology of “religious violence” calls on us to critically reconsider the modern discourses that all too unambiguously tie religion and violence together. In a first part, the paper fleshes out the fault lines of a secularist modernity spinning out of control. In a second part, it demonstrates how the “liberal imaginary” revolves around individualist conceptions of freedom and sovereignty that, on their part, become parasitic upon imaginations of disorder, otherness and (especially religious) violence. In a third part, the author demonstrates how these insights call for developing a transformed phenomenological framework in order to give a more sensible account of “religious violence.” Finally, in presenting the articles gathered in this “special issue” ofContinental Philosophy Review, some pathways into such a sensibilized phenomenology of “religious violence” are outlined.
Science Education in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: Reiss Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this position paper, I examine how the history, philosophy and sociology of science (HPS) can contribute to science education in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss shortcomings in the ways that history is often used in school science, and examine how knowledge of previous pandemics might help in teaching about COVID-19. I look at the potential of issues to do with measurement in the context of COVID-19 (e.g. measurement of mortality figures) to introduce school students to issues about philosophy of science, and I show how COVID-19 has the affordance to broaden and deepen the moral philosophy that students typically meet in biology lessons. COVID-19 also provides opportunities to introduce students to sociological ways of thinking, examining data and questioning human practices. It can also enable students to see how science, economics and politics inter-relate. In the final part of the paper, I suggest that there are strong arguments in favour of an interdisciplinary approach in tackling zoonoses like COVID-19 and that there is much to be said for such interdisciplinarity in school science lessons when teaching about socio-scientific issues and issues intended to raise scientific literacy.
3D Printing of NiCoP/Ti3C2 MXene Architectures for Energy Storage Devices with High Areal and Volumetric Energy Density
Authors: Yu Lianghao , Li Weiping , Wei Chaohui , Yang Qifeng , Shao Yuanlong , Sun Jingyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDesigning high-performance electrodes via 3D printing for advanced energy storage is appealing but remains challenging. In normal cases, light-weight carbonaceous materials harnessing excellent electrical conductivity have served as electrode candidates. However, they struggle with undermined areal and volumetric energy density of supercapacitor devices, thereby greatly impeding the practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the in situ coupling of NiCoP bimetallic phosphide and Ti3C2 MXene to build up heavy NCPM electrodes affording tunable mass loading throughout 3D printing technology. The resolution of prints reaches 50 μm and the thickness of device electrodes is ca. 4 mm. Thus-printed electrode possessing robust open framework synergizes favorable capacitance of NiCoP and excellent conductivity of MXene, readily achieving a high areal and volumetric capacitance of 20 F cm−2 and 137 F cm−3 even at a high mass loading of ~ 46.3 mg cm−2. Accordingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor full cell assembled with 3D-printed NCPM as a positive electrode and 3D-printed activated carbon as a negative electrode harvests remarkable areal and volumetric energy density of 0.89 mWh cm−2 and 2.2 mWh cm−3, outperforming the most of state-of-the-art carbon-based supercapacitors. The present work is anticipated to offer a viable solution toward the customized construction of multifunctional architectures via 3D printing for high-energy-density energy storage systems.
WHICH FACTORS DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF REFERENTIAL EXPRESSIONS IN L2 ENGLISH DISCOURSE?
Authors: Quesada Teresa , Lozano Cristóbal 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTReferential expressions (REs) have been investigated in L2 English but to date there is no single study that systematically and simultaneously analyzes the development and acquisition of the multiple factors that constrain the choice of REs in natural discourse production. We investigate L1 Spanish–L2 English learners across three proficiency levels versus an English control group from the COREFL corpus. An analysis of both the RE and its antecedent(s) reveals that different intra- and extralinguistic factors constrain the choice of REs (information status, activated antecedents, syntactic configurations, characterhood, within-task effect, and proficiency level). L2 learners (L2ers) are sensitive to some factors but are unable to fully attain native-like levels even at advanced stages. They do not transfer null subjects from their L1 contrary to previous L2 research, and do not find all contexts at the syntax-discourse interface equally problematic, thus confirming previous theoretical proposals and empirical findings.
Food deserts and cardiovascular health among young adults
Authors: Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B , Semenza Daniel C , Vaughn Michael G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:This study assesses the association between living in a food desert and cardiovascular health risk among young adults in the USA, as well as evaluates whether personal and area socioeconomic status moderates this relationship.Design:A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from Wave I (1993–1994) and Wave IV (2008) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Ordinary least squares regression models assessing the association between living in a food desert and cardiovascular health were performed. Mediation and moderation analyses assessed the degree to which this association was conditioned by area and personal socioeconomic status.Setting:Sample of respondents living in urban census tracts in the USA in 2008.Participants:Young adults (n 8896) aged 24–34 years.Results:Net of covariates living in a food desert had a statistically significant association with cardiovascular health risk (range 0–14) (β = 0·048, P < 0·01). This association was partially mediated by area and personal socioeconomic status. Further analyses demonstrate that the adverse association between living in a food desert and cardiovascular health is concentrated among low socioeconomic status respondents.Conclusions:The findings from this study suggest a complex interplay between food deserts and economic conditions for the cardiovascular health of young adults. Developing interventions that aim to improve health behaviour among lower-income populations may yield benefits for preventing the development of cardiovascular health problems.
Gender Differences in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs
Authors: Cassese Erin C. , Farhart Christina E. , Miller Joanne M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs. We find that women are significantly less likely than men to endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories and that this gender difference cuts across party lines. Our analysis suggests that this gender gap is partially explained by two dispositional factors: learned helplessness and conspiratorial thinking. Our findings qualify past work on the antecedents of conspiracy theory beliefs, which does not uncover robust and significant gender differences. The results highlight the need for work in this area to better theorize about the significance of gender.
An optimal circular antenna array design considering the mutual coupling employing ant lion optimization
Authors: Das Avishek , Mandal Durbadal , Kar Rajib 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient approach for the design of a non-uniform single ring circular antenna array (CAA) for the synthesis of the optimal far-field radiation pattern. A recently proposed meta-heuristic-based optimization technique known as ant lion optimization (ALO) is applied in this paper to determine the optimum set of current amplitude excitation weights and the inter-element distance among the array elements to reduce the side lobe level (SLL) and 3-dB beam width considering the mutual coupling effect. The results achieved by employing the ALO algorithm are compared with the uniform radiation pattern and with those of the recently reported literature containing equal sets of elements to prove the superiority of ALO algorithm. Three different design examples of 8, 10, and 12 elements CAA are presented, and their performances are compared to illustrate the capability of the ALO algorithm-based approach over those of the recently reported literature.
High‐Resolution Surface Velocities and Strain for Anatolia From Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS Data
Authors: Weiss Jonathan R. , Walters Richard J. , Morishita Yu , Wright Tim J. , Lazecky Milan , Wang Hua , Hussain Ekbal , Hooper Andrew J. , Elliott John R. , Rollins Chris , Yu Chen , González Pablo J. , Spaans Karsten , Li Zhenhong , Parsons Barry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMeasurements of present‐day surface deformation are essential for the assessment of long‐term seismic hazard. The European Space Agency's Sentinel‐1 satellites enable global, high‐resolution observation of crustal motion from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). We have developed automated InSAR processing systems that exploit the first ~5 years of Sentinel‐1 data to measure surface motions for the ~800,000‐km2 Anatolian region. Our new 3‐D velocity and strain rate fields illuminate deformation patterns dominated by westward motion of Anatolia relative to Eurasia, localized strain accumulation along the North and East Anatolian Faults, and rapid vertical signals associated with anthropogenic activities and to a lesser extent extension across the grabens of western Anatolia. We show that automatically processed Sentinel‐1 InSAR data can characterize details of the velocity and strain rate fields with high resolution and accuracy over large regions. These results are important for assessing the relationship between strain accumulation and release in earthquakes.