bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics enables probabilistic inference of cell type topography
Authors: Andersson Alma , Bergenstråhle Joseph , Asp Michaela , Bergenstråhle Ludvig , Jurek Aleksandra , Fernández Navarro José , Lundeberg Joakim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe field of spatial transcriptomics is rapidly expanding, and with it the repertoire of available technologies. However, several of the transcriptome-wide spatial assays do not operate on a single cell level, but rather produce data comprised of contributions from a – potentially heterogeneous – mixture of cells. Still, these techniques are attractive to use when examining complex tissue specimens with diverse cell populations, where complete expression profiles are required to properly capture their richness. Motivated by an interest to put gene expression into context and delineate the spatial arrangement of cell types within a tissue, we here present a model-based probabilistic method that uses single cell data to deconvolve the cell mixtures in spatial data. To illustrate the capacity of our method, we use data from different experimental platforms and spatially map cell types from the mouse brain and developmental heart, which arrange as expected.
Upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem optically controls the secretion of light-responsive bacteria for systemic immunity regulation
Authors: Yang Chun , Cui Meihui , Zhang Yingying , Pan Huizhuo , Liu Jing , Wang Shixing , Ma Ning , Chang Jin , Sun Tao , Wang Hanjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemical molecules specifically secreted into the blood and targeted tissues by intestinal microbiota can effectively affect the associated functions of the intestine especially immunity, representing a new strategy for immune-related diseases. However, proper ways of regulating the secretion metabolism of specific strains still remain to be established. In this article, an upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem was constructed to effectively regulate the specific secretion of engineered bacteria. The system included two major modules: (i) Modification of secretory light-responsive engineered bacteria. (ii) Optical sensing mediated by upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem. This system could regulate the efficient secretion of immune factors by engineered bacteria through optical manipulation. Inflammatory bowel disease and subcutaneously transplanted tumors were selected to verify the effectiveness of the system. Our results showed that the endogenous factor TGF-β1 could be controllably secreted to suppress the intestinal inflammatory response. Additionally, regulatory secretion of IFN-γ was promoted to slow the progression of B16F10 tumor.
Filtering spins by scattering from a lattice of point magnets
Authors: Ghazaryan Areg , Lemeshko Mikhail , Volosniev Artem G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNature creates electrons with two values of the spin projection quantum number. In certain applications, it is important to filter electrons with one spin projection from the rest. Such filtering is not trivial, since spin-dependent interactions are often weak, and cannot lead to any substantial effect. Here we propose an efficient spin filter based upon scattering from a two-dimensional crystal, which is made of aligned point magnets. The polarization of the outgoing electron flux is controlled by the crystal, and reaches maximum at specific values of the parameters. In our scheme, polarization increase is accompanied by higher reflectivity of the crystal. High transmission is feasible in scattering from a quantum cavity made of two crystals. Our findings can be used for studies of low-energy spin-dependent scattering from two-dimensional ordered structures made of magnetic atoms or aligned chiral molecules.
Nanographitic coating enables hydrophobicity in lightweight and strong microarchitected carbon
Authors: Kudo Akira , Bosi Federico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetamaterials that are lightweight, stiff, strong, scalable and hydrophobic have been achieved separately through different materials and approaches, but achieving them in one material is an outstanding challenge. Here, stereolithography and pyrolysis are employed to create carbon microlattices with cubic topology and a strut width of 60–70 µm, with specific strength and stiffness of up to 468.62 MPa cm3 g−1 and 14.39 GPa cm3 g−1 at a density of 0.55 g cm−3, higher than existing microarchitected materials and approaching those of the strongest truss nanolattices. Subsequent fast Joule-heating then introduces a hierarchical nanographitic skin that enables hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 135 ± 2°, improving the hydrophilic response of pyrolytic carbon. As the Joule heating induced sp2-hybridization and nano-texturing predominantly affect the strut sheath, the effect on mechanical response is limited to a reduction in the distribution of compressive strength of as-pyrolyzed architectures by ~80% and the increase of the mean effective stiffness by ~15%. These findings demonstrate a technique to fabricate high strength, low density, and hydrophobic nanographite-coated carbon microlattices.
Colorado River water supply is predictable on multi-year timescales owing to long-term ocean memory
Authors: Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Yost Matt , Yocom Larissa , Gillies Robert R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSkillful multi-year climate forecasts provide crucial information for decision-makers and resource managers to mitigate water scarcity, yet such forecasts remain challenging due to unpredictable weather noise and the lack of dynamical model capability. Here we demonstrate that the annual water supply of the Colorado River is predictable up to several years in advance by a drift-free decadal climate prediction system using a fully coupled climate model. Observational analyses and model experiments show that prolonged shortages of water supply in the Colorado River are significantly linked to sea surface temperature precursors including tropical Pacific cooling, North Pacific warming, and southern tropical Atlantic warming. In the Colorado River basin, the water deficits can reduce crop yield and increase wildfire potential. Thus, a multi-year prediction of severe water shortages in the Colorado River basin could be useful as an early indicator of subsequent agricultural loss and wildfire risk.
Comparison of the Ocular Trauma Score and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score as Two Prognostic Models in Pediatric Open Globe Injuries
Authors: Pahor Dusica , Gracner Tomaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAim To compare the ocular trauma score (OTS) and the pediatric ocular trauma score (POTS) as prognostic models of visual outcome after open globe injury in children during a period of 19 years.Patients and Methods A retrospective study of 36 open globe injuries in 36 patients younger than 18 years was conducted from January 2000 to January 2019. For each case, OTS and POTS points were calculated.Results Significant differences were observed in our patients using the two models regarding categories 1 to 4. One third of the cases were in categories 1 and 2 using the OTS model, and nearly 60% using the POTS model. Nearly 60% of our patients were in categories 3 and 4 using the OTS model and 30.6% using the POTS model. In category 5, no difference was observed between the two models. The comparison of distribution of the percentage of final visual acuity between OTS and POTS model in each category revealed a significant difference in category 1 in final visual acuity 20/40 or more (25 vs. 50%) as well as in final visual acuity 20/20 (0 vs. 30%). In category 2, final visual acuity was not significantly different in 20/40 or more between the two models; however, there was a significant difference in final visual acuity 20/20 – 12.5% in the OTS model and 45.5% in the POTS model. In category 3, significant differences were revealed between the two models. Using the OTS model, final visual acuity 20/40 or more was observed in more than 60% and using POTS model in 100%; final visual acuity 20/20 was observed in 36.3% using OTS model and in 50% using POTS model. In category 4 and 5, no differences were observed between OTS and POTS models.Conclusion Our study did not confirm the benefit of POTS. The distribution of our cases among OTS categories demonstrated a significant difference between the two models with more cases distributed in lower categories in POTS group. In the POTS group, the prognosis for final visual acuity was significantly better in the first three categories than in the OTS group, probably as a result of a lower calculation for POTS points. In our opinion, the OTS model is easier to use, has a higher prognostic accuracy, and should be further used in counselling of paediatric cases.
Routine ileal intubation in colonoscopy does not increase the polyp detection rate: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Chen Ke , Xu Ying , Zhou Yufen , Chen Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColonoscopy is effective in the prevention and screening of colorectal cancer. Whether terminal ileal (TI) intubation is required during conventional colonoscopy and whether it offers clinical benefits with respect to polyp detection rate (PDR) remain unclear. This retrospective study included patients who underwent colonoscopy at our hospital between July 1, 2018 and April 20, 2019. The positive findings and time for TI intubation were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with PDR. There were 1675 patients with cecal intubation colonoscopy, including 994 (59 %) with TI intubation and 8 (1 %) with intestinal disease. The mean time for TI intubation was 40 seconds (3–338), and the mean time from cecal intubation to arrival at the deep part of TI mucosa was 24 seconds (2–118). The overall PDR was 27 %. On multivariable analysis, age > 50 years [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.837–4.590], male sex (95 %CI, 0.406–0.649), presence of symptoms (abdominal symptoms vs. asymptomatic, 95 % CI, 1.146–2.468; stool changes vs. asymptomatic, 95 % CI, 1.070–1.834), and non-TI intubation (95 % CI, 1.040–1.648) were independent predictors of higher PDR. Trend analysis indicated decreasing trend of PDR among non-TI intubation group, 0–5 cm TI intubation group, and > 5 cm TI intubation group (30 % vs. 27 % vs. 24 %, respectively; p < 0.05). TI intubation is necessary to identify small bowel disease among a designated population, but it was not suggested to be routinely performed as part of colonoscopy, owing to limited positive intestinal findings, extra time requirement, and possible PDR worsening.
Sekundärprophylaxe der zerebralen Ischämie
Authors: Ringleb Peter A. , Reiff Tilman 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Sekundärprävention von Hirninfarkt und TIA umfasst neben wichtigen Maßnahmen der Lebensstiländerung zur Risikofaktorenmodifikation verschiedene medikamentöse und interventionelle Verfahren. Durch Behandlung von arterieller Hypertonie und Hyperlipidämie können erneute vaskuläre Ereignisse, Schlaganfall wie Herzinfarkt, verhindert werden. Eine große Bedeutung hat auch die antithrombotische Sekundärprävention durch Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer und orale Antikoagulantien sowie deren Kombination. Bei Vorliegen symptomatischer intra- oder extrakranieller arteriosklerotischer Stenosen können auch gefäßchirurgische oder neuroradiologisch interventionelle Verfahren der Verhinderung weiterer Schlaganfälle dienen.
Improving Transitional Services for Adolescents and Young Adults with Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Schraegle William A. , Young Stephanie R. , Rettig Eman K. , Payne Angie R. , Wilson Janet K. , Wedberg-Sivam Elizabeth A. , Titus Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe transition from pediatric to adult health care systems is challenging for many adolescents with epilepsy and their families, and those challenges are compounded for adolescents with comorbid intellectual disabilities and epilepsy (ID-E). Many traditional transition pathways to adult care are inadequate, as they fail to address important considerations unique to the ID-E population or are absent entirely. Poor organization of care during critical transition periods increases the risks of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, suboptimal seizure control, inadequate management of comorbidities, and poor psychological and social outcomes. The literature lacks systematic studies on effective transition programs for this population. The present review provides an overview of the main themes important in care transitions for the ID-E population: (1) precise diagnosis and management of seizures; (2) mental health and medical comorbidities affecting care; (3) accessing behavioral, habilitative, legal, financial, and community resources; and (4) caretaker support. We propose a specific framework which includes targeted recommendations of minimum care standards for youth with ID-E transitioning to adult care.
Subdural Empyema by Enterobacter cloacae: Case Report
Authors: Celi Fernando , Saal-Zapata Giancarlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfections of the central nervous system are a medical emergency, potentially lethal and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a male with risk factors and clinical deterioration, in which the brain computed tomography scan showed a subdural collection following a head injury, which underwent surgical evacuation revealing a subdural empyema. The culture of the subdural collection yielded a positive result to Enterobacter cloacae.
Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2−infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity
Authors: Kaptein Suzanne J. F. , Jacobs Sofie , Langendries Lana , Seldeslachts Laura , ter Horst Sebastiaan , Liesenborghs Laurens , Hens Bart , Vergote Valentijn , Heylen Elisabeth , Barthelemy Karine , Maas Elke , De Keyzer Carolien , Bervoets Lindsey , Rymenants Jasper , Van Buyten Tina , Zhang Xin , Abdelnabi Rana , Pang Juanita , Williams Rachel , Thibaut Hendrik Jan , Dallmeier Kai , Boudewijns Robbert , Wouters Jens , Augustijns Patrick , Verougstraete Nick , Cawthorne Christopher , Breuer Judith , Solas Caroline , Weynand Birgit , Annaert Pieter , Spriet Isabel , Vande Velde Greetje , Neyts Johan , Rocha-Pereira Joana , Delang Leen 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceThe previous lack of consensus around the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients underlines the need to thoroughly assess the in vivo efficacy of drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Small animal infection models, such as the hamster model, have a pivotal place herein. We here show in vivo preclinical results with favipiravir which indicate that antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 might only be achieved with a very high dose. Hydroxychloroquine, on the other hand, completely lacks antiviral activity, thus providing no scientific basis for its further use in COVID-19 patients. With this study on two key antiviral candidates, we establish the baseline for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral treatment, which will allow us to identify superior antiviral candidates in the near future.
Religious tourism and environmental conservation in Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha, World Heritage Site, Nepal.
Authors: Lafortune-Bernard Anouk , Suwal Rajendra N. , Weise Kai , Coningham Robin A. E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Lumbini is an important pilgrimage site and a tourist attraction in Nepal. This chapter discusses how the Lumbini Master Plan (LMP) integrated the surrounding environment in the site development and the challenges that site managers have faced in implementing this vision and balancing its social, economic, and environmental impacts. With the LMP implementation in its final stages in 2019, the chapter begins by reflecting on the design and its use of the natural environment and landscaping components in its conception of the pilgrim experience. The second section critically reviews the implementation of the plan in comparison with this original design and considers its impact on local dynamics, particularly that of the Project Area and its surrounding communities. In the rapidly changing context of increasing visitor numbers and accelerated development within the Greater Lumbini Area, driven notably by international and national investments in regional infrastructure, this chapter concludes by discussing the current and future challenges linked to the management of Lumbini beyond the completion of the LMP and the sustainable future of its wider region.
The effects of natural disasters on religious tourism sites: earthquakes in the spiritual heart of Italy.
Authors: di Giovine Michael , Ascione Elisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork including participant observation, site inspections within the forbidden 'red zone' of towns such as Norcia, Amatrice and Campi, and interviews with locals, administrators, tourism industry workers, and clergy, this chapter examines the physical and spiritual impacts of the series of earthquakes in Central Italy in 2016, and explores how different stakeholders (e.g. tourist guides, local authorities, shopkeepers, priests, nuns and monks, and tourists) have framed the role of tourism in the area and how touristic practices re-signify the value of places and their associated moral ideals after environmental disasters. In addition, the chapter examines the dialectical effects of a double environmental transformation on sites: how a natural disaster - unplanned and uncontrollable by social actors - impacts the tangible and intangible fabric of pilgrimage sites, and how those subsequent social interventions likewise impact religious tourism and its stakeholders as well as the wider environment itself.
Religion, the environment, and sacred places: lessons learned and future directions.
Authors: Olsen Daniel H. , Shinde Kiran A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The environment, with its various facets and dimensions, and sacred places and their intersection with religious tourism, have been the central focus of this book. In this final chapter, the authors reflect on some of the insights offered by the contributors on the interconnections between religious tourism and the environment that highlight the complexities surrounding the environment and sacred places. In outlining some of the limitations of this book, the authors also suggest avenues for future research in this area of inquiry.
Magnetic shear effect on plasma transport at T
e/T
i ∼ 1 through electron cyclotron heating in DIII-D plasmas
Authors: Yoshida M. , McKee G.R. , Petty C.C. , Grierson B.A. , Nakata M. , Rost C. , Rhodes T.L. , Ernst D.R. , Garofalo A.M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effect of magnetic shear on plasma transport for an electron to ion temperature ratio (T
e/T
i) near unity has been explored in DIII-D utilizing electron cyclotron heating (ECH). Previous reports showed that significant confinement degradation occurred at T
e/T
i ∼ 1 in positive shear (PS) plasmas in DIII-D, whereas reduced confinement degradation was observed in negative central shear (NCS) plasmas. In this study, plasma transport in weak magnetic shear (WS) plasmas with ECH is investigated and compared with that in NCS and PS plasmas. Here the magnetic shears (

s
ˆ

) are

s
ˆ

> 0.5, ∼0 and <-0.1 in the core region (ρ∼ 0.3–0.4) of PS, WS and NCS plasmas, respectively, and flat or negative inside ρ∼ 0.4 in the WS and NCS plasmas. Weak magnetic shear is found to be effective in minimizing degradation of ion thermal confinement as T
e/T
i increases through ECH application, and an improved confinement factor of H
98y2 ∼ 1.2 is maintained, similar to NCS plasmas. At T
e/T
i ∼ 1, the ion thermal diffusivity around an internal transport barrier decreases when changing the magnetic shear from positive to weak or negative shear. Also, reduced local particle and momentum transport was indicated by steeper density and toroidal rotation profiles in the weak and negative shear regimes. Linear gyrokinetic simulations predict little change in growth rates of low-k turbulence with ECH application in the WS and NCS plasmas, which is consistent with the transport and profile analyses.
Development of mobile-based application for practical wood identification
Authors: Arifin M R , Sugiarto B , Wardoyo R , Rianto Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wood Identification is an important task, especially for wood anatomist. The identification process is required in many fields, such as custom ports, forest survey, and wood industries. However, expertise-in wood identification is limited due to a few wood anatomists. To enable wood identification can be performed in a broader area, a mobile-based application is proposed to realise these purposes. The paper presents the development of a mobile-based application for wood identification. A dataset of Indonesian commercial wood images of cross-section surface was collected from Xylarium Bogoriense, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of The Republic of Indonesia. The images were collected using a smartphone camera at optical magnification level around 200 times and a minimum resolution of 12 megapixels. The collected images were then used to develop a deep learning-based algorithm to classify wood species. These images are considered as the training datasets, whereas testing dataset is collected in another session. The final model obtained through the training process is then stored in a cloud-based server at Research Center for Informatics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. A mobile application, namely AIKO stands of Indonesian words-Alat Identifikasi Kayu Otomatis (Automatic Tool for Wood Identification), is developed to enable image acquisition and images transferring to the server. AIKO application sends the acquired image to the trained identification model in the server. The output of the identification model is the species name of the observed images. Besides species/botanical name, AIKO also provides information on trade names, specific gravity and density, durability class, strength class, commercial timber classification, and recommended utilization.
Parasitic Architectural Forms (PAF) S01.E01 “Prologue”
Authors: Baroš Tomáš 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to outline the main functionality of Parasitic Architectural Forms (PAF), extend on potential utilization of it in the digital era, discuss the possibility of architecture being self-designed. I raised a question if architecture could be self-growing, self-developed and self-healing. This issue is being solved by this concept of PAF. Absence of artificial intelligence in the process of design in the architecture field offers a space for new research. Also, it generates options for yet uncharted views for experimental creation and urges us to ask of what are we, people, and computers currently capable.