bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification microflora related to growth performance in pigs based on 16s rRNA sequence analyses
Authors: Li Xin-Jian , Wang Mingyu , Xue Yahui , Duan Dongdong , Li Cong , Han Xuelei , Wang Kejun , Qiao Ruimin , Li Xiu-Ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms have been shown to be important factors that affect the growth performance of pigs. Therefore, to investigate the effect of the intestinal microflora structure on the growth performance of pigs, samples from Duroc (n=10), Landrace (n=9) and Yorkshire (n=21) pigs under the same diet and feeding conditions were collected. The fecal microbial composition was profiled via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. And we also analyzed their growth performance. We found that Duroc and Landrace had significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), growth index (GI), and 100kg daily age ( P<0.05 ). Moreover, through the analysis of the intestinal flora, we also identified that there were 18 species of intestinal flora with significant differences between Duroc and Landrace ( P<0.05 ). In order to eliminate the influence of genetic background, the intestinal differential flora of 21 Yorkshire pigs with different growth performance was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Barnesiella , Dorea , Clostridium and Lactobacillus and pig growth performance. To explore the effect of intestinal flora on the growth performance of pigs at the molecular level, Lactobacillus , which has the highest content in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification, and co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells. The qPCR was used to determine the effect of Lactobacillus on MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Lactobacillus inhibited MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results provided useful reference for the further study on the relationship between intestinal flora and pig growth performance.
Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for detecting pelvic fractures among blunt trauma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Okada Yohei , Nishioka Norihiro , Ohtsuru Shigeru , Tsujimoto Yasushi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pelvic fractures are common among blunt trauma patients, and timely and accurate diagnosis can improve patient outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether physical examinations are sufficient in this context. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of physical examination for pelvic fracture among blunt trauma patients. Methods: Studies were identified using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases starting from the creation of the database to January 2020. A total of 20 studies (49,043 patients with 8,300 cases [16.9%] of pelvic fracture) were included in the quality assessment and meta-analysis. Two investigators extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in each study. The meta-analysis involved a hierarchical summary receiver operating curve (ROC) model to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of the physical exam. Subgroup analysis assessed the extent of between-study heterogeneity. Clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis. Results: The median prevalence of pelvic fracture was 10.5% (interquartile range: 5.1–16.5). The pooled sensitivity (and corresponding 95% confidence interval) of the hierarchical summary ROC parameters was 0.859 (0.761–0.952) at a given specificity of 0.920, which was the median value among the included studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity among patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥ 13 was 0.933 (0.847–0.998) at a given specificity of 0.920. The corresponding value for patients with scores ≤ 13 was 0.761 (0.560–0.932). For threshold probability < 0.01 with 10%–15% prevalence, the net benefit of imaging tests was higher than that of physical examination. Conclusion: Imaging tests should be performed in all trauma patients regardless of findings from physical examination or patients’ levels of consciousness. However, the clinical role of physical examination should be considered given the prevalence and threshold probability in each setting.
Satellite observations indicate increasing proportion of population exposed to floods
Authors: Tellman Beth , Sullivan Jonathan , Kuhn Catherine , Kettner Albert , Doyle Colin , Brakenridge G. , Erikson Tyler , Slayback Dan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Flooding affects more people than any other environmental hazard and hinders sustainable development1–3. Investing in flood adaptation can reduce loss of life and livelihoods 4,5. However, where and how floods occur, and who is exposed, is changing due to rapid urbanization 6, new flood mitigation infrastructure 7,8, and increasing human settlements in floodplains9. Previous studies estimating population exposed to floods are limited by lack of observational data, relying instead on global models with high uncertainty4,10–14. Here we use nearly two decades of daily satellite imagery at 250 meter resolution (MODIS) to develop new estimates of flood extent and population exposure for 913 large flood events from 2000-2018, estimating 2.23 million km2 of flooded area and 290 million people directly affected. We find the at least 86 million people newly settled in a location where satellites observed inundation in the past 20 years. This represents a 20% increase in the proportion of population exposed to floods, ten times higher than previous estimates10. Near-future climate change projections (2030), indicate the proportion of population exposed to floods will continue to expand. Our findings can aid prioritization of global flood adaptation investment and inform adaptation strategies, from insurance to managed retreat, at local scales15–17. As satellite coverage and resolution increase, we anticipate observation of flood events to aid understanding where floods change and how to adapt. This flood event database will contribute to improved accuracy of global and local flood models, vulnerability assessments, efficacy of adaptation intervention, and understanding interactions of land change, climate, and floods.
Remote learning of biochemistry during the COVID-19 pandemic: case of undergraduate students in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Contreras-Rodríguez Luis Ernesto , Sandoval-Hernández Adrian G. , Maya-Hoyos Milena , Soto Carlos Y. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced the implementation of global emergency measures based on social distancing. In Colombia, remote classes in universities have avoided the spread of the disease. However, the implementation of remote classes demands virtual pedagogical strategies that are not traditionally used for teaching basic sciences in the Colombian public education system. This study describes student perception of remote biochemistry classes at Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogota).Methods: A virtual survey was applied to undergraduate students of dentistry and biology programs to assess their perception of the quality and academic impact of remote classes during the mandatory lockdown decreed by the Colombian government for semester I of 2020. Results: The students demonstrated an overall acceptance of the remote biochemistry classes, highlighting that the quality of the classes facilitated the understanding of the topics, increased assessment performance, and significantly promoted self-learning (according to 84.6% of the respondents). Although some students reported having experienced reduced attention to the classes throughout the semester, most of them (80.8%) would remotely attend the biochemistry course again.Conclusions: Under confinement, the remote biochemistry classes were well accepted by undergraduate students of dentistry and biology programs of the Colombian public university system. The students acknowledged the quality of the classes, which significantly contributed to understanding basic concepts and motivated the students to develop a deeper comprehension of the reviewed topics. These findings suggest that combining remote learning with traditional lectures could be a suitable choice to enhance the learning process of biochemistry for students of medical and basic sciences. Undoubtedly, virtual learning is a good option for public education in the post-COVID-19 future in developing countries, such as Colombia, which generally have problems related to student desertion and failure due to economic problems.
Orbital- and millennial-scale variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the past 140,000 years
Authors: Wu Shuzhuang , Lembke-Jene Lester , Lamy Frank , Arz Helge , Nowaczyk Norbert , Xiao Wenshen , Zhang Xu , Hass H. Christian , Titschack Jürgen , Zheng Xufeng , Liu Jiabo , Dumm Levin , Diekmann Bernhard , Nürnberg Dirk , Tiedemann Ralf , Kuhn Gerhard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation by fostering deep-water upwelling and formation of new water masses. On geological time-scales, ACC variations are poorly constrained beyond the last glacial. Here, we reconstruct changes in ACC strength in the central Drake Passage over the past 140,000 years, based on grain-size and geochemical characteristics. We found significant glacial-interglacial changes of ACC flow speed, with reduced ACC intensity during glacials and a more vigorous circulation in interglacials. Superimposed on these orbital-scale changes are high-amplitude millennial-scale fluctuations, with ACC strength maxima correlating with diatom-based Antarctic winter sea-ice minima, particularly during full glacial conditions. We hypothesize that the ACC is closely linked to Southern Hemisphere millennial-scale climate oscillations, amplified through Antarctic sea ice extent changes. These strong ACC variations regulated Pacific-Atlantic water exchange via the “cold water route” and affected the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and marine carbon storage.
CoV2-ID, a MIQE-compliant sub-20-minute 5-plex RT-PCR assay targeting SARS-CoV-2 for the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Bustin Stephen , Coward Amy , Sadler Garry , Teare Louise , Nolan Tania 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accurate, reliable and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 is essential not only for correct diagnosis of individual disease but also for the development of a rational strategy aimed at lifting confinement restrictions and preparing for possible recurrent waves of viral infections. We have used the MIQE guidelines to develop two versions of a unique fiveplex RT-qPCR test, termed CoV2-ID, that allows the detection of three viral target genes, a human internal control for confirming the presence of human cells in a sample and a control artificial RNA for quality assessment and potential quantification. Viral targets can be detected either separately with separate fluorophores or jointly using the same fluorophore, thus increasing the test’s reliability and sensitivity. It is robust, can consistently detect two copies of viral RNA, with a limit of detection of a single copy and can be completed in around 15 minutes. It was 100% sensitive and 100% specific when tested on 23 RNA samples extracted from COVID-19 positive patients and five COVID-19 negative patients. We also propose using multiple cycle fluorescence detection, rather than real-time PCR to reduce significantly the time taken to complete the assay as well as assuage the misunderstandings underlying the use of quantification cycles (Cq). Finally, we have designed an assay for the detection of the D614G mutation and show that all of the samples isolated in the Chelmsford, Essex area between mid-April and June 2020, have the mutant genotype whereas a sample originating in Australia was infected with the wild type genotype.
Diversity of Tree Species Used in Wood Carving and the Impact of Their Use on Forest Conservation in Benin.
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Hubert O. , Kindomihou Valentin , Sinsin Brice 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research aimed at assessing the diversity of timber species used in wood carving in southern Benin, impact of this activity on forest conservation, and carvers’ willingness to contribute to species conservation. A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the number of wood carvers in three districts of Southern Benin. Then, a semi-structured questionnaire served to collect data from twelve wood carvers. Twenty-two species were used in wood carving with most species having red or yellow wood. The purchase of wood in industrial markets was the predominant source followed by the direct purchase from plantation and tree owners. Diospyros mespiliformis, Chlorophora excelsa,Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea were species of which woods were most However, Gmelina arborea and Chlorophora excelsa exhibited the highest Use Value meaning their relative importance in terms of diversity of uses. All carvers reported the scarcity of woods and the destruction of forests and plantations for logging were the main cause; 25% of them own plantations of G. arborea and A. auriculiformis. Carvers indicated their willingness to have plantations of T. grandis and G. arborea for personal use and trade. Promoting reforestation and timber species plantation through sustainable tools is needed, and sensitizing them about forest conservation.
Unconventional band structure and pseudogap of liquid metals on a crystalline insulator
Authors: Kim Keun Su , Ryu Sae Hee , Huh Minjae , Park Do Yun , Jozwiak Chris , Rotenberg Eli , Bostwick Aaron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A key to understand how electrons behave in crystalline solids is the band structure that connects the energy of electron waves to their wavenumber (k). Even in the phase of matter with only short-range order (liquid), the coherent part of electron waves still possesses a band structure. Theoretical models for the band structure of liquid metals were formulated more than 5 decades ago1-15, but so far, it has remained unobserved experimentally. Here, we reveal the band structure of liquid metals using the interface between liquid dopants (alkali metals) and a crystalline insulator (black phosphorus). We find that the conventional parabolic band structure of free electrons bends back towards zero k with the isotropic pseudogap of 30-240 meV from the Fermi level. This is the k renormalization caused by resonance scattering that leads to the formation of quasi-bound states in the scattering potential of liquid alkali-metal ions. The depth of this potential tuned by different kinds of alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) allows us to classify the pseudogap of p-wave and d-wave resonance. Our results provide a key clue to the pseudogap phase of various materials16-20, a common aspect of which is the crystalline insulator doped by disordered (liquid) dopants.
The analysis of short-term forecast models for oak forest damage by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).
Authors: Лямцев Н.И. 
Published: September 2020

Проведена предварительная верификация четырех моделей краткосрочного прогнозирования дефолиации дубрав непарным шелкопрядом путем их сравнительного анализа. Модели характеризуют два подхода в определении будущей дефолиации по числу зимующих яиц насекомого: а) оценка кормовой нормы (количества зеленой массы, уничтоженной средней гусеницей в условиях нормальной смертности); б) использование соотношения между потерями листвы и величиной плотности популяции. Эффективность прогнозирования зависит от точности определения количества зеленой массы дерева и насаждения и численности питающихся гусениц (варьирования смертности насекомых). В моделях использовались разные элементарные единицы учета для оценки плотности популяции (деревья разного возраста или стволы разного диаметра, побег текущего года, 100 г листвы). По установленным соотношениям между этими единицами модели были пересчитаны и приведены к единой шкале. В качестве предиктора использован возраст насаждений. Прогнозные оценки, полученные по разным моделям, относительно близки в молодняках и средневозрастных древостоях. При увеличении возраста растет и варьирование оценок. Необходимы дальнейшая верификация моделей и их корректировка, так как для производственного прогнозирования они достаточно надежны только при возрасте насаждений до 60 лет. Вероятно, требуется в большей степени учитывать и региональные различия в средней массе листьев дуба.
Preliminary verification of 4 short-term forecast models with their comparative analysis is presented. The models specify two approaches to identify future defoliation by insects that hibernate as eggs: a) feeding rate assessment (foliage mass consumed by an average caterpillar in normal mortality conditions); b) application of a ratio between foliage loss and population density. Forecast efficiency depends on accuracy of tree and whole stand foliage mass assessment and feeding caterpillar population (insect mortality variation). Various units were applied in population density assessment (trees of various age or diameter, current year shoot, 100 g of foliage). The models were recalculated and reduced to a unified scale based on found ratios between these units. Forest age was used as a predictor. The forecast assessments derived in various models are relatively close for young and mid-aged stands. Variation of the assessments grows with stand age increase. Further verification and adjustment of the models is necessary since they are only reliable in forecast for stands younger than 60 years. Probably regional difference in oak foliage mean phytomass should be taken more into consideration.
Rationale for improving technology for the maintenance of urban roadside areas
Authors: Яхяев Д.Б. , Мясищев Д.Г. 
Published: September 2020

Одними из актуальных и социально значимыми проблемами наших дней являются проблемы поддержания экологической стабильности и безопасности дорожного движения. Значимую роль в оптимизации окружающей среды и безопасности дорожного движения играют зелёные насаждения, то есть городские придорожные территории. Зеленые насаждения в виде газона являются биологическим фильтром, выполняют средообразующие, средозащитные, рекреационные, а также социальные функции. Улучшая окружающую среду, городские придорожные территории нуждаются в постоянном бережном уходе и защите, в данном случае в измельчении напочвенного покрова. Напочвенный покров – это в основном массив листьев, в которых содержатся такие необходимые для почвы элементы, как калий, железо, фосфор, магний, азот, кальций и сера. Необходимость измельчения массива листьев аргументируется тем, что опавшие листья не успевают быстро гнить и впитываться в почву. Рассмотрены экспериментальные образцы машин для уборки и измельчения напочвенного покрова, предложенные В.Н. Коршуновым. Выявлен главный недостаток данного рода образцов – это большие габариты и высокие энергозатраты. Из-за больших размеров такие машины не смогут использоваться на городских придорожных территориях, лесопарковых зонах с близким расположением деревьев. Для решения данной задачи авторами ведется работа по обоснованию параметров роторного струнного рабочего органа для измельчения мелкой напочвенной растительности. Также представлена основная функция в математической модели роторного струнного измельчителя.
One of the urgent and socially significant problems of our days are the problems of maintaining environmental stability and road safety. A significant role in optimizing the environment and road safety is played by green plantations, that is, urban roadside areas. Green plantations in the form of a lawn are a biological filter, perform environment-forming, environmental protection, recreational, and social functions. Improving the environment, urban roadside areas need constant care and protection, in this case in the grinding of the ground cover. The soil cover is basically an array of leaves containing such elements necessary for soil as potassium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen, calcium and sulfur. The need to grind the array of leaves in this article is argued by the fact that the fallen leaves do not have time to quickly rot and soak into the soil. The experimental samples of machines for harvesting and grinding the soil cover, proposed by VN Shirshov, are considered. Korshunov. The main drawback of this kind of samples is revealed – these are large dimensions and high energy costs. Due to their large size, such machines can not be used in urban roadside areas, forest park areas with a close arrangement of trees. To solve this problem, the authors work on justifying the parameters of the rotary string working organ for grinding fine ground vegetation. The basic function in the mathematical model of a rotary string shredder is also presented.
Improvement of operational properties and technology of plywood of increased water resistance, manufactured with the use of melaminecarbamideformaldehyde resins
Authors: Соколова Е.Г. 
Published: September 2020

В настоящее время к производству плитной продукции и фанеры предъявлены ужесточенные требования, которые регулируются законодательством. Одной из проблем фанерного производства является уменьшение токсичности фанеры повышенной водостойкости до уровня, определяемого современными мировыми требованиями. Снижение содержания свободного формальдегида в фанере можно достичь с помощью применения специализированных связующих, модифицированных меламином. Использование меламина признано перспективным направлением развития современного фанерного производства. Изложены результаты исследования меламинокарбамидноформальдегидных смол с со- держанием меламина от 20 до 25%, а также результаты исследования влияния содержания меламина в меламинокарбамидноформальдегидной смоле на проч- ность и токсичность фанеры, изготовленной с применением этих смол. Даль- нейшие исследования направлены на совершенствование эксплуатационных свойств (прочность склеивания и токсичность продукции) и технологии фанеры повышенной водостойкости с применением МКФС с содержанием меламина 20%. Одним из эффективных способов повышения прочности клеевого соедине- ния и снижения токсичности фанеры является применение аэросила технического в качестве модификатора для синтетических смол. Разработан рациональный состав клея на основе меламинокарбамидоформальдегидной смолы для склеива- ния шпона. Приведены технологические параметры склеивания фанеры, изго- товленной с применением меламинокарбамидноформальдегидных смол, показатели ее прочности и токсичности.
Currently, tightened requirements to production of particleboard and plywood products are presented which are regulated by law. One of the problems in plywood production is the reduction of the toxicity of plywood increased water resistance to the level determined by the modern world requirements. The decrease in the content of free formaldehyde in the plywood can be achieved through the use of special binders modified with melamine. The use of melamine is recognized as a promising direction of development of modern plywood production. The research results of melamine-carbamide-formaldehyde resins containing melamine from 20 to 25% and also results of research of influence of melamine in the melamine-carbamide-formaldehyde resin strength and current-sicnosti plywood, manufactured using these resins. Further research aimed at improving the operational properties (bonding strength and toxicity of products) and technologies of plywood increased water resistance with the use of MKFS resins containing 20% of melamine. One effective way of increasing the bonding strength and reduce the toxicity of the plywood is the use of Aerosil technical as a modifier for synthetic resins. Developed rational adhesive composition based on melamineformaldehyde resin for bonding veneers. The technological parameters of the bonding of plywood, manufactured melamine-carbamide-formaldehyde resins, indicators of its strength and toxicity.