bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐related metabolomics study in the rat plasma after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: Effect of ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Baranovicova Eva , Kalenska Dagmar , Tomascova Anna , Holubcikova Simona , Lehotsky Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiac arrest is one of the major causes of death and disability. The aim of the study was to identify dynamic time‐dependent metabolomic changes reflected in rat plasma induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion with the focus on the protective effect of ischemic preconditionig. Global cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by the four‐vessel occlusion. Blood plasma was collected in three reperfusion times: an early post‐acute 3 hr, then 24 hr, as an incipient time for delayed neuronal death induction and 72 hr as prolonged reperfusion period. The metabolomic measurements were conducted via untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Plasma of ischemized rats manifested dynamic metabolomic changes over the reperfusion time, such as increased levels of ketone bodies, decreased levels of pyruvate, alanine, and citrate. All three branched chain amino acids showed common pattern during reperfusion time: a decrease in 3 hr compared to sham, then a highest level in 24 hr and decrease in 72 hr reperfusion time, similar to their corresponding ketoacids. The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated by a faster tendency of plasma metabolites to normalize. Results also proved the remarkable metabolomic differences between the control (naïve) and sham‐operated anesthetized animals, what warrants for critical evaluation of surgery/anaesthesy in the algorithm of metabolomic animal studies.
Does Foreign Aid Improve Gender Performance in Recipient Countries?
Authors: Bali Swain Ranjula , Garikipati Supriya , Wallentin Fan Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn explicit goal of foreign aid is to promote female empowerment and gender equality in developing countries. We investigate if foreign aid achieves this intended goal by examining its impact on gender performance of recipient countries at the country level. Employing structural equation models, our results suggest that aid alone, even when targeted to directly improve gender outcomes, is unlikely to shift systemic inequalities. Aid will need to bolster civil society efforts that challenge institutional structures and norms in order to impact gender outcomes at country level. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Identification of suberosin metabolites in human liver microsomes by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution quadrupole–orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Paudel Sanjita , Kim Younah , Choi Su Min , Kim Ju‐Hyun , Bae Jong‐Sup , Lee Taeho , Lee Sangkyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSuberosin is a natural prenylated coumarin derivative isolated from Citropsis articulata. It has various pharmacological properties, especially as an anticoagulant, for which it has been used since antiquity. However, its metabolic pathway and metabolites have not yet been studied. Therefore, this study characterizes its metabolic pathway and metabolites in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using high‐resolution quadrupole–orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). Eight metabolites (M1–M8) were found, including three monohydroxylated (M1–M3), one hydrated (M4), three dihydroxylated (M5–M7), and one glucuronide conjugate (M8). Furthermore, forms of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) responsible for suberosin metabolism in HLMs were characterized. CYP1A2 was identified as a major enzyme for the production of M1 and M5 metabolites. The M2, M3, and M7 metabolites were predominantly generated by CYP2B6. M8 was the only phase II metabolite, identified as a glucuronide conjugate from either M1 or M2. This glucuronide conjugate may be the only promising metabolite from phase II metabolism. Phase I metabolism, especially hydroxylation, was found to provide a predominant metabolic pathway of suberosin in HLMs. Further studies should be conducted to explore the metabolites, examining their efficacy and their toxicity in an in vivo system.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Associated Comorbidity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Ireland: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Shevlin Mark , Murphy Jamie , McBride Orla , Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Bentall Richard P. , Vallières Frédérique , Hyland Philip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as it relates to individuals’ experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic has yet to be determined. This study was conducted to determine rates of COVID‐19–related PTSD in the Irish general population, the level of comorbidity with depression and anxiety, and the sociodemographic risk factors associated with COVID‐19–related PTSD. A nationally representative sample of adults from the general population of the Republic of Ireland (N = 1,041) completed self‐report measures of all study variables. The rate of COVID‐19–related PTSD was 17.7% (n = 184), 95% CI [15.35%, 19.99%], and there was a high level of comorbidity with generalized anxiety (49.5%) and depression (53.8%). Meeting the diagnostic requirement for COVID‐19–related PTSD was associated with younger age, male sex, living in a city, living with children, moderate and high perceived risk of COVID‐19 infection, and screening positive for anxiety or depression. Posttraumatic stress symptoms related to the COVID‐19 pandemic are common in the general population. Our results show that health professionals responsible for responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic should expect to routinely encounter symptoms and concerns related to posttraumatic stress.
Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Use and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease Penetrance
Authors: San Luciano Marta , Tanner Caroline M. , Meng Cheryl , Marras Connie , Goldman Samuel M. , Lang Anthony E. , Tolosa Eduardo , Schüle Birgitt , Langston J. William , Brice Alexis , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Goldwurm Stefano , Klein Christine , Brockman Simone , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Ferreira Joachim J. , Tazir Meriem , Mellick George D. , Sue Carolyn M. , Hasegawa Kazuko , Tan Eng King , Bressman Susan , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel ,   the Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 Cohort Consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe penetrance of leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations is incomplete and may be influenced by environmental and/or other genetic factors. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to reduce inflammation and may lower Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but their role in LRRK2‐associated PD is unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the association of regular NSAID use and LRRK2‐associated PD.MethodsSymptomatic ("LRRK2‐PD") and asymptomatic ("LRRK2‐non‐PD") participants with LRRK2 G2019S, R1441X, or I2020T variants (definitely pathogenic variant carriers) or G2385R or R1628P variants (risk variant carriers) from 2 international cohorts provided information on regular ibuprofen and/or aspirin use (≥2 pills/week for ≥6 months) prior to the index date (diagnosis date for PD, interview date for non‐PD). Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between regular NSAID use and PD for any NSAID, separately for ibuprofen and aspirin in all carriers and separately in pathogenic and risk variant groups.ResultsA total of 259 LRRK2‐PD and 318 LRRK2‐non‐PD participants were enrolled. Regular NSAID use was associated with reduced odds of PD in the overall cohort (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.57) and in both pathogenic and risk variant carriers (ORPathogenic, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21–0.67 and ORRiskVariant, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.99). Similar associations were observed for ibuprofen and aspirin separately (ORIbuprofen, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07–0.50 and ORAspirin, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.91).ConclusionsRegular NSAID use may be associated with reduced penetrance in LRRK2‐associated PD. The LRRK2 protein is involved in inflammatory pathways and appears to be modulated by regular anti‐inflammatory use. Longitudinal observational and interventional studies of NSAID exposure and LRRK2‐PD are needed to confirm this association. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Ultrashort echo time quantitative susceptibility mapping (UTE‐QSM) for detection of hemosiderin deposition in hemophilic arthropathy: A feasibility study
Authors: Jang Hyungseok , von Drygalski Annette , Wong Jonathan , Zhou Jenny Y. , Aguero Peter , Lu Xing , Cheng Xin , Ball Scott T. , Ma Yajun , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of ultrashort echo time quantitative susceptibility mapping (UTE‐QSM) for assessment of hemosiderin deposition in the joints of hemophilic patients.MethodsThe UTE‐QSM technique was based on three sets of dual‐echo 3D UTE Cones data acquired with TEs of 0.032/2.8, 0.2/3.6, and 0.4/4.4 ms. The images were processed with iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation to estimate the B0 field map in the presence of fat. Then, the projection onto dipole field (PDF) algorithm was applied to acquire a local field map generated by tissues, followed by application of the morphology‐enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) algorithm to estimate a final susceptibility map. Three healthy volunteers and three hemophilic patients were recruited to evaluate the UTE‐QSM technique’s ability to assess hemosiderin in the knee or ankle joint at 3T. One patient subsequently underwent total knee arthroplasty after the MR scan. The synovial tissues harvested from the knee joint during surgery were processed for histological analysis to confirm iron deposition.ResultsUTE‐QSM successfully yielded tissue susceptibility maps of joints in both volunteers and patients. Multiple regions with high susceptibility over 1 ppm were detected in the affected joints of hemophilic patients, while no localized regions with high susceptibility were detected in asymptomatic healthy volunteers. Histology confirmed the presence of iron in regions where high susceptibility was detected by UTE‐QSM.ConclusionThe UTE‐QSM technique can detect hemosiderin deposition in the joint, and provides a potential sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hemophilic arthropathy.
Pyruvate‐lactate exchange and glucose uptake in human prostate cancer cell models. A study in xenografts and suspensions by hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRS and [18F]FDG‐PET
Authors: van Heijster Frits H.A. , Heskamp Sandra , Breukels Vincent , Veltien Andor , Franssen Gerben M. , Jansen Kees (C).F.J. , Boerman Otto C. , Schalken Jack A. , Scheenen Tom W.J. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: July 2020

Reprogramming of energy metabolism in the development of prostate cancer can be exploited for a better diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in glucose and pyruvate metabolism of human prostate cancer cells with dissimilar aggressivenesses can be detected using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRS and [18F]FDG‐PET imaging, and to evaluate whether these measures correlate. For this purpose, we compared murine xenografts of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells with those of more aggressive PC3 cells. [1‐13C]pyruvate was hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) and [1‐13C]pyruvate to lactate conversion was followed by 13C MRS. Subsequently [18F]FDG uptake was investigated by static and dynamic PET measurements.Standard uptake values (SUVs) for [18F]FDG were significantly higher for xenografts of PC3 compared with those of LNCaP. However, we did not observe a difference in the average apparent rate constant kpl of 13C label exchange from pyruvate to lactate between the tumor variants. A significant negative correlation was found between SUVs from [18F]FDG PET measurements and kpl values for the xenografts of both tumor types. The kpl rate constant may be influenced by various factors, and studies with a range of prostate cancer cells in suspension suggest that LDH inhibition by pyruvate may be one of these. Our results indicate that glucose and pyruvate metabolism in the prostate cancer cell models differs from that in other tumor models and that [18F]FDG‐PET can serve as a valuable complementary tool in dDNP studies of aggressive prostate cancer with [1‐13C]pyruvate.
Absolute Quantification of Proteins in the Eye of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Raghuraman Bharath Kumar , Hebbar Sarita , Kumar Mukesh , Moon HongKee , Henry Ian , Knust Elisabeth , Shevchenko Andrej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbsolute (molar) quantification of proteins determines their molar ratios in complexes, networks, and metabolic pathways. MS Western workflow is employed to determine molar abundances of proteins potentially critical for morphogenesis and phototransduction (PT) in eyes of Drosophila melanogaster using a single chimeric 264 kDa protein standard that covers, in total, 197 peptides from 43 proteins. The majority of proteins are independently quantified with two to four proteotypic peptides with the coefficient of variation of less than 15%, better than 1000‐fold dynamic range and sub‐femtomole sensitivity. Here, the molar abundance of proteins of the PT machinery and of the rhabdomere, the photosensitive organelle, is determined in eyes of wild‐type flies as well as in crumbs (crb) mutant eyes, which exhibit perturbed rhabdomere morphogenesis.
Plasma‐based synthesis of iron carbide nanoparticles
Authors: Libenská Hana , Hanuš Jan , Košutová Tereza , Dopita Milan , Kylián Ondřej , Cieslar Miroslav , Choukourov Andrei , Biederman Hynek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, iron carbide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the plasma‐based method using a gas aggregation source of NPs. In‐flight plasma treatment of the NPs was performed to improve their temporal stability. The auxiliary radiofrequency plasma used for the in‐flight treatment resulted in trapping of the NPs in the plasma for several 10s of seconds. Scanning electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses showed a decrease in the size of NPs due to the plasma treatment, whereas the X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of the NPs changed from amorphous iron carbide to the crystalline Fe3C (cementite). In situ and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement confirmed better temporal stability of plasma‐treated NPs against oxidation.
Transnational ageing and “care technologies”: Chinese grandparenting migrants in Singapore and Sydney
Authors: Ho Elaine Lynn‐Ee , Chiu Tuen Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransnational grandparenting examines the care that grandparents provide across borders, recreating familyhood. This paper investigates how Information Communication Technologies (ICT) mediate ageing in localised and transnational contexts. We focus on grandparenting migrants from the People's Republic of China who moved temporarily to Singapore and Sydney, Australia. We introduce the concept of “care technologies” to explicate two dimensions of governmentality. The first dimension considers how governmentality underpins care relations that extend from the individual and family to wider migration, care, and welfare regimes. The second dimension considers how ICT mediates care relations that are situated in place (i.e., localised) and those that extend across borders (i.e., transnational). These two dimensions of care technologies are intertwined: while ICT is given social meaning through care relations, it is their co‐constitution—seemingly offering possibilities of/for care—that entrench the governmentality effects of regimes that position grandparenting migrants as transient older carers.
Interactions between procyanidin oligomers and the active form of matrix metalloproteinase‐7: A theoretical insight
Authors: Mendoza‐Wilson Ana M. , Balandrán‐Quintana René R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the sites and modes of interaction of the most common oligomers of B‐type procyanidins (PCs) with the active form of the matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) and some molecular properties of the PCs by using theoretical methods. These data may provide useful insights into the ability of PCs to act as selective MMP‐7 inhibitors. Some stereoisomers that predominated in the analyzed PCs (PB2, PC1, tetramer) could act as selective inhibitors of MMP‐7 due to their interaction with amino acids of the subsites S2 and/or S1′ in the active site, and with some specific amino acids of MMP‐7 that bind to cholesterol sulfate to promote proteolysis of the cell membrane. Hydrogen bonding was the main interaction of PB2 and PC1 with MMP‐7, while in the tetramer, the van der Waals interactions prevailed. The determination of molecular properties such as chemical reactivity and stability by the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, revealed that oligomers of PCs acquired very stable poses in their docking with MMP‐7. Polarizability seems to be an important factor for PCs with large molecular volume (PC1, tetramer) to establish contact with amino acids of narrow subsites in the active site (S2, S1′) and amino acids located outside the active site.
Absolute isotope ratios defining isotope scales used in isotope ratio mass spectrometers and optical isotope instruments
Authors: Skrzypek Grzegorz , Dunn Philip J. H. 
Published: July 2020

RationaleThe isotope delta is calculated from the isotope ratio of a sample and the absolute isotope ratio of the zero reference point defining each stable isotope international scale (Rstd). Therefore, Rstd requires accurate determination. However, the literature contains a large number of Rstd values, and selection of different Rstd may lead to inconsistency in reporting and recalculating stable isotope results.MethodsWe reviewed Rstd used in the proprietary software provided by the manufacturers of stable isotope instruments commonly employed for analyses of stable HCNOS compositions. We compared the Rstd values and assessed the potential implications of using different Rstd and the normalization versus tank working gas standard for consistency in reporting stable isotope results.ResultsDifferent Rstd values are used by different manufacturers of stable isotope analytical instruments. For R(2H/1H)VSMOW two different but very similar values are used, 0.00015575 and 0.00015576; for R(13C/12C)VPDB three different values are used, 0.0111802, 0.0112372 and 0.01118028; and for R(15N/14N)Air‐N2 two values, 0.0036782 and 0.0036765, are used. All manufacturers are using the same value for R(18O/16O)VSMOW, 0.00200520, but three different values for R(18O/16O)VPDB, 0.002067200, 0.00208835 and 0.002088349. For R(34S/32S)VCDT four different Rstd are used, 0.0441509, 0.0441626, 0.044162589 and 0.0441520597.ConclusionsThe use of different Rstd values may lead to differences in the isotope delta values obtained if the normalization versus working standard gas is applied. For the range of Rstd used in proprietary software, the potential differences are lowest for oxygen (< 0.002 ‰) and nitrogen (< 0.001 ‰), and highest for carbon (0.107 to 0.112 ‰) and sulfur (0.023 ‰). Evaluation of the existing Rstd values and recommendations for the best estimates are highly desirable to ensure worldwide consistency in stable isotope data reporting.
Haloxyfop determination by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in eggs
Authors: Lehner Andreas F. , Zyskowski Justin , Fulton Richard M. , Buchweitz John P. 
Published: July 2020

RationaleHaloxyfop is a pre/post‐emergence herbicide with known organ toxicities and teratogenic effects in mammals. The European Union Commission on Food Safety has an established maximum residue limit of 10 μg/kg in all agricultural products including eggs. A sensitive highly specific method would be of value in determination of haloxyfop residues in foodstuffs such as eggs.MethodsThe Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab (MSU VDL) developed a method for the extraction of haloxyfop from eggs based on popular QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) methodologies, essentially providing acetonitrile extracts following treatment with high ionic strength additives. Extracts derivatized with trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups were examined by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using developed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methodology.ResultsThe MSU VDL received eggs from chickens exposed to 760 μg/kg haloxyfop in flaxseed. Haloxyfop‐TMS m/z 374→73 MRM setting enabled quantitation across the 1–50 ppb range in comparison with an ibuprofen MRM transition as internal standard.ConclusionsThe determined limit of quantitation was 2.5 ng/g, and the method successfully identified haloxyfop residues in five of six batches of the chicken eggs, with nonzero values ranging from 2.7 to 14.5 ng/g. These values were consistent with flaxseed incorporation into the diet at 4–7% and known excretion into eggs at 2–3% of daily haloxyfop exposure, and establish the utility of the method in identifying regulatory noncompliance and adulteration of food sources.
An improved continuous sliding mode controller for flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Ding Yibo , Wang Xiaogang , Bai Yuliang , Cui Naigang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn improved continuous sliding mode control algorithm is proposed for a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV), including nonsingular fast fixed‐time sliding surface (NFFS) and dual‐layer adaptive continuous twisting reaching law (DACTL). Firstly, the nonlinear control‐oriented model of FAHV is processed using input/output feedback linearization method with the significant flexible effects modeling as unknown matched disturbances. Secondly, a novel NFFS is improved from conventional fixed‐time sliding surface by adjusting power exponent to accelerate convergence rate. In the meanwhile, in order to avoid singularity aroused by fractional power term, an exponential convergent sliding surface is switched when tracking error approaches zero. Thirdly, a DACTL is proposed to realize finite‐time convergence of sliding mode variable with higher convergence precision and less chattering. Dual‐layer adaptive law is utilized to adjust the gain in DACTL based on equivalent control concept so as to enhance robustness automatically and avoid overestimation of control gain. Meanwhile, disturbances can be compensated without knowledge of Lipschitz constants. Ultimately, simulations on longitudinal control of FAHV demonstrate the control algorithm proposed is superior to conventional quasi‐continuous sliding mode controller in the aspect of convergence accuracy and chattering suppression.
Self‐triggered stabilizing controllers for linear continuous‐time systems
Authors: Zobiri Fairouz , Meslem Nacim , Bidegaray‐Fesquet Brigitte 
Published: July 2020

SummarySelf‐triggered control is an improvement on event‐triggered control methods. Unlike the latter, self‐triggered control does not require monitoring the behavior of the system constantly. Instead, self‐triggered algorithms predict the events at which the control law has to be updated before they happen, relying on system model and past information. In this work, we present a self‐triggered version of an event‐triggered control method in which events are generated when a pseudo‐Lyapunov function (PLF) associated with the system increases up to a certain limit. This approach has been shown to considerably decrease the communications between the controller and the plant, while maintaining system stability. To predict the intersections between the PLF and the upper limit, we use a simple and fast root‐finding algorithm. The algorithm mixes the global convergence properties of the bisection and the fast convergence properties of the Newton‐Raphson method. Moreover, to ensure the convergence of the method, the initial iterate of the algorithm is found through a minimization algorithm.