bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5-ALA-assistant automated detection of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Murayama Yasutoshi , Matsuo Hisataka , Okochi Kengo , Koshiishi Naotaka , Harada Yoshinori , Tanaka Hideo , Takamatsu Tetsuro , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been utilized for cancer diagnosis as a fluorescence probe. We have reported the feasibility of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence for detecting lymph node (LN) metastasis in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, a major barrier to the fluorescence diagnosis has been that the evaluation has been highly dependent on the observers. In this study, we examined the validity of a developed device for automated detection without subjectivity.

Methods
Gastric cancer patients who received oral administration of 5-ALA (20 mg/kg) prior to surgery were enrolled. For a total of 323 LNs obtained from 64 patients, the diagnostic results of the device were compared to those of conventional histopathological examination based on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained slides. The accuracy with the device was compared to that of stereoscopic detection with conventional fluorescence microscopy for 211 LNs from 42 patients. We used two types of image processing that we previously developed to eliminate autofluorescence of background tissues: differential and ratio methods.

Results
For detection of metastasis in 323 LNs, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves with the differential method and ratio method were 0.921 and 0.909, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with the differential method were 78.0%, 96.8%, and 94.4%; while those with the ratio method were 78.0%, 96.1%, and 93.8%, respectively. In 211 LN analysis, the diagnostic accuracy with the device was comparable to that of stereoscopic examination.

Conclusion
Our device for automated detection of LN metastasis using 5-ALA can be a useful tool for intraoperative diagnosis.
Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update of the IUIS Phenotypical Classification
Authors: Bousfiha Aziz , Jeddane Leila , Picard Capucine , Al-Herz Waleed , Ailal Fatima , Chatila Talal , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Etzioni Amos , Franco Jose Luis , Holland Steven M , Klein Christoph , Morio Tomohiro , Ochs Hans D. , Oksenhendler Eric , Puck Jennifer , Torgerson Troy R. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Tangye Stuart G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince 2013, the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee (EC) on Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) has published an updated phenotypic classification of IEI, which accompanies and complements their genotypic classification into ten tables. This phenotypic classification is user-friendly and serves as a resource for clinicians at the bedside. There are now 430 single-gene IEI underlying phenotypes as diverse as infection, malignancy, allergy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation. We herein report the 2019 phenotypic classification, including the 65 new conditions. The diagnostic algorithms are based on clinical and laboratory phenotypes for each of the ten broad categories of IEI.
Broadcasting a file in a communication network
Authors: Goetzmann Kai-Simon , Harks Tobias , Klimm Max 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of distributing a file, initially located at a server, among a set of n nodes. The file is divided into $$m\ge 1$$

m
≥
1

equally sized packets. After downloading a packet, nodes can upload it to other nodes, possibly to multiple nodes in parallel. Each node, however, may receive each packet from a single source node only. The upload and download rates between nodes are constrained by node- and server-specific upload and download capacities. The objective is to minimize the makespan. This problem has been proposed and analyzed first by Mundinger et al. (J Sched 11:105–120, 2008. 10.1007/s10951-007-0017-9) under the assumption that uploads obey the fair sharing principle, that is, concurrent upload rates from a common source are equal at any point in time. Under this assumption, the authors devised an optimal polynomial time algorithm for the case where the upload capacity of the server and the nodes’ upload and download capacities are all equal. In this work, we drop the fair sharing assumption and derive an exact polynomial time algorithm for the case when upload and download capacities per node and among nodes are equal. We further show that the problem becomes strongly NP-hard for equal upload and download capacities per node that may differ among nodes, even for a single packet. For this case, we devise a polynomial time $$\smash {(1+2\sqrt{2})}$$

(
1
+
2

2

)

-approximation algorithm. Finally, we devise two polynomial time algorithms with approximation guarantees of 5 and $$2 + \lceil \log _2 \lceil n/m\rceil \rceil /m$$

2
+
⌈

log
2

⌈
n
/
m
⌉

⌉
/
m

, respectively, for the general case of m packets.
Antioxidants and molecular damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to microplastics
Authors: Hamed Mohamed , Soliman Hamdy A. M. , Osman Alaa G. M. , Sayed Alaa El-Din H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, research on the biological effects of microplastics (MPs) has grown exponentially. However, effects of MPs on freshwater fishes and the mechanisms of the biological effects of MPs were limited. So, the purpose of the current study was to clarify the effects of microplastics on oxidative stress response, DNA fragmentation, and proteinogram of the early juvenile stage of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fishes were assigned into four groups: one control, three MPs-exposed groups as 1 mg/L of MPs, 10 mg/L of MPs, and 100 mg/L of MPs respectively for 15 days and 15 days of recovery. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total peroxides, and oxidative stress index (OSI), as well as lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, increased in groups exposed to MPs compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the activity of total antioxidant capacity decreased in groups exposed to MPs compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The electrophoretic pattern of muscle proteins revealed alteration in the proteinogram in the MPs-exposed groups compared to control. After the recovery period, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total peroxides, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, and the electrophoretic pattern of muscle proteins returned to normal levels in 1 mg/L of MPs-exposed group. Combined with our previous work, these results suggest that MPs cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alters the antioxidants parameters, resulting in oxidative stress and DNA damage. The present study fosters a better understanding of the toxic effects of MPs on Tilapia as a freshwater model.
Towards a more robust approach for the restoration of mangroves in Vietnam
Authors: Hai N.T. , Dell B. , Phuong V.T. , Harper R.J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Key message
Globally, mangrove forests are under threat from a range of causes. They also represent a large potential form of climate mitigation and adaptation via reforestation, and this investment may contribute to restoration efforts and reverse mangrove decline. There has been significant (c. 200,000 ha) mangrove reforestation and restoration activity in Vietnam, and these projects provide indicators of the causes of project failure or success, and what is required for more complex restoration of ecosystem services. Failure in mangrove programs can be attributed to lack of understanding of the reasons for the loss of mangroves, poor site and species selection, and lack of incentives to engage local residents in the long-term management of restored areas. Overcoming these impediments and adopting monitoring and reporting procedures that consider both areal success and ecosystem function will provide a more robust approach for future mangrove restoration projects.

Context
Over the last three decades there has been considerable (c. 200,000 ha) state and non-government investment in mangrove programs in Vietnam. The main objectives have been coastal protection and stabilization and the production of forest products, with fisheries, climate mitigation, and adaptation and ecosystem restoration as minor objectives. These have had reportedly varied success in terms of long-term survival rates. Much focus has been on the use of mono-species rather than restoring functioning mangrove ecosystems.

Aims
This paper provides an overview of the status of mangroves in Vietnam and considers the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts based on an analysis of these reports. We develop and recommend approaches to make future mangrove restoration programs more effective.

Result
First, we provide an overview of mangrove distribution and mangrove deforestation in Vietnam. Second, we analyse major mangrove projects by investigating their objectives and exploring reasons for their success or failure. Third, we suggest approaches for successful mangrove restoration activities in the context of current international agreements on climate change. Failure in some mangrove restoration programs in Vietnam can be attributed to lack of understanding of the reasons for the loss of mangroves and of site hydrology, poor site and species selection, lack of long-term monitoring and management, and lack of incentives to engage local communities in the long-term management of restored areas. Removal of these impediments will increase restoration success.

Conclusion
The widespread and varied mangrove reforestation and restoration activities in Vietnam allow the analysis of different approaches and identification of the key factors leading to restoration success. These include care with species selection, having clear protocols for monitoring and reporting and implementing a co-management approach that provides incentives for local communities to benefit from the management of restored mangroves.
Evaluation of a Novel Antibiotic Teaching Resource
Authors: Davies Angharad P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance presents a major challenge for healthcare and education of future prescribers is critical. Integrated medical courses allow more limited time for teaching the science of clinical microbiology, which underpins antimicrobial prescribing, making this a difficult topic for students. An innovative educational resource based on a game was created and evaluated in medical student teaching. Most students reported that the game assisted learning. However, testing showed that recall did not improve after using the resource. Student perceptions of resource efficacy may not correlate with test scores. The longer-term positive effect of enhanced student engagement is more difficult to measure.
The diversity of powdery mildew resistance gene loci among wheat germplasm in Southwest China
Authors: Cheng B. , Ding Y. Q. , Gao X. , Cao N. , Xin Z. H. , Zhang L. Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKnowledge of genetic diversity and genes conferring disease resistance is essential for the effective use of wheat germplasm resistant to powdery mildew in breeding programs in southwest China. In this study, a collection of 140 common wheat varieties was evaluated for their resistance to powdery mildew in four different environments. Thirty-six varieties (25.71%) showed resistance in all four environments, and most of these varieties originated from the Guizhou Province. This collection was also scanned for molecular markers closely linked to the powdery mildew resistance genes. Most of the wheat varieties (79.86%) carried the resistance Pm30 gene locus. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to screen our collection against the whole genome. Finally, 6864 informative SNP markers were used to construct a consensus tree with 1000 bootstraps, which showed two groups based on their origins and the presence of the Pm21 gene locus. Our results provide useful information for breeding wheat resistant to powdery mildew in China, and they will likely contribute to the identification of new resistance genes in the future.
The Museumification of Treasure Hill: Authenticity, Authority and Art in a Taiwanese Urban Village
Authors: Rogelja Igor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the “museumification” of an urban village in Taipei into the Treasure Hill Artist Village in the context of wider debates on gentrification and the redevelopment of marginal urban spaces. Populated by soldiers evacuated to Taiwan following the Chinese Civil War, Treasure Hill became a hybrid space, combining welfare provision for elderly veterans with an artist colony, forming part of the Taipei Cultural Foundation. Lauded as a compromise that combined social, cultural and economic aspects of urban regeneration, the mix of high-modernist paternalism and neoliberal place-making resulted in the integration of the space into the existing city bureaucracy as a museum-like institution, with elderly residents and artists becoming exhibits in a living diorama. Although widely understood as “gentrification” at the time, the article argues that the museumification of Treasure Hill was a process led by a coalition of state and spatial experts which has distinct implications for the study of state-led neighbourhood amelioration.
Between “Eradicate All False Religion” and “Love the Stranger as Yourself”: How Immigration Attitudes Divide Voters of Religious Parties
Authors: Otjes Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe literature on voting for Christian-democratic parties has emphasized that voters of these parties are still motivated by the old religious cleavages that led to the formation of these parties and that structured the vote for these parties for years. Their strong attachment to religious parties even immunized Christian voters from the temptation of the radical right. Yet what the role the new cultural dimension about immigration, civic integration, and identity plays in structuring the vote for religious parties is unclear. Are voters of religious parties immune to the effect of the party polarization of immigration? This paper shows that the policy positions of religious parties matter for what kind of voter votes for them. This paper shows the importance of immigration attitudes in voting for three different religious parties in the Netherlands by combining eight national election surveys between 1994 and 2017.
A Probabilistic Tremor Location Method
Authors: Li Ka Lok , Gudmundsson Olafur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA method to locate tremor with an unclear onset is introduced. The method maps envelopes of cross‐correlated records from pairs of seismographs to signal likelihoods using Bayes' theorem. The likelihood time series are then back projected to obtain likelihoods of source location in space. Assuming that information derived from different station pairs is independent, the joint likelihood for all station pairs is the product of all individual station pair likelihoods. Its peak and spread give the most probable source location and its uncertainty. Robustness of the method has been evaluated with synthetic tests. The method recovers true location within 0.5 km with realistic noise characteristics in synthetic data. Uncertainty estimates are consistent with location deviations for sources inside the seismic network. When applied to real data from Katla and Eyjafjallajökull volcanoes in southern Iceland, their likely tremor source is also recovered within 1 km.
Low Latitude Lightning Activity Responses to Cosmic Ray Forbush Decreases
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tinsley Brian , Zhou Limin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe relation between low latitude lightning activity and Forbush decreases (FDs) of galactic cosmic rays was studied, with flash rates observed by the Lightning Image Sensor aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite and FDs selected from the events with decreases more than 2% measured by the Mexico City neutron monitor. The effect of spacecraft precession on Lightning Image Sensor data complicates the analysis, but this can be dealt with by the approach we use. Applying a superposed epoch analysis to all of the 70 FD cases, we found the low latitude lightning activity decreases by about 10% after the Forbush minimum, with a 95% confidence level tested by Monte Carlo simulation, and recovers 3 days later. The response is more significant in the Southern Hemisphere. Our result provides evidence for a proposed link between solar activity, cosmic rays, the global atmospheric electric circuit, and cloud microphysics.
Cancer as a disease of old age: changing mutational and microenvironmental landscapes
Authors: Laconi Ezio , Marongiu Fabio , DeGregori James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhy do we get cancer mostly when we are old? According to current paradigms, the answer is simple: mutations accumulate in our tissues throughout life, and some of these mutations contribute to cancers. Although mutations are necessary for cancer development, a number of studies shed light on roles for ageing and exposure-dependent changes in tissue landscapes that determine the impact of oncogenic mutations on cellular fitness, placing carcinogenesis into an evolutionary framework. Natural selection has invested in somatic maintenance to maximise reproductive success. Tissue maintenance not only ensures functional robustness but also prevents the occurrence of cancer through periods of likely reproduction by limiting selection for oncogenic events in our cells. Indeed, studies in organisms ranging from flies to humans are revealing conserved mechanisms to eliminate damaged or oncogenically initiated cells from tissues. Reports of the existence of striking numbers of oncogenically initiated clones in normal tissues and of how this clonal architecture changes with age or external exposure to noxious substances provide critical insight into the early stages of cancer development. A major challenge for cancer biology will be the integration of these studies with epidemiology data into an evolutionary theory of carcinogenesis, which could have a large impact on addressing cancer risk and treatment.
Sub-picosecond charge-transfer at near-zero driving force in polymer:non-fullerene acceptor blends and bilayers
Authors: Zhong Yufei , Causa’ Martina , Moore Gareth John , Krauspe Philipp , Xiao Bo , Günther Florian , Kublitski Jonas , Shivhare Rishi , Benduhn Johannes , BarOr Eyal , Mukherjee Subhrangsu , Yallum Kaila M. , Réhault Julien , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Neher Dieter , Richter Lee J. , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Ortmann Frank , Vandewal Koen , Zhou Erjun , Banerji Natalie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) show record efficiency of 16 to 17% and increased photovoltage owing to the low driving force for interfacial charge-transfer. However, the low driving force potentially slows down charge generation, leading to a tradeoff between voltage and current. Here, we disentangle the intrinsic charge-transfer rates from morphology-dependent exciton diffusion for a series of polymer:NFA systems. Moreover, we establish the influence of the interfacial energetics on the electron and hole transfer rates separately. We demonstrate that charge-transfer timescales remain at a few hundred femtoseconds even at near-zero driving force, which is consistent with the rates predicted by Marcus theory in the normal region, at moderate electronic coupling and at low re-organization energy. Thus, in the design of highly efficient devices, the energy offset at the donor:acceptor interface can be minimized without jeopardizing the charge-transfer rate and without concerns about a current-voltage tradeoff.
Quantitative SUMO proteomics identifies PIAS1 substrates involved in cell migration and motility
Authors: Li Chongyang , McManus Francis P. , Plutoni Cédric , Pascariu Cristina Mirela , Nelson Trent , Alberici Delsin Lara Elis , Emery Gregory , Thibault Pierre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) is an E3 SUMO ligase that plays important roles in various cellular pathways. Increasing evidence shows that PIAS1 is overexpressed in various human malignancies, including prostate and lung cancers. Here we used quantitative SUMO proteomics to identify potential substrates of PIAS1 in a system-wide manner. We identified 983 SUMO sites on 544 proteins, of which 62 proteins were assigned as putative PIAS1 substrates. In particular, vimentin (VIM), a type III intermediate filament protein involved in cytoskeleton organization and cell motility, was SUMOylated by PIAS1 at Lys-439 and Lys-445 residues. VIM SUMOylation was necessary for its dynamic disassembly and cells expressing a non-SUMOylatable VIM mutant showed a reduced level of migration. Our approach not only enables the identification of E3 SUMO ligase substrates but also yields valuable biological insights into the unsuspected role of PIAS1 and VIM SUMOylation on cell motility.
Reduced holey graphene oxide film and carbon nanotubes sandwich structure as a binder-free electrode material for supercapcitor
Authors: Sammed Khan Abdul , Pan Lujun , Asif Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Cong Tianze , Amjad Farid , Imran Muhammad Asif 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced holey graphene oxide film (RHGOF) sandwich structure has been fabricated to enhance its electrochemical properties. CNTs are grown by a catalyst assisted chemical vapor deposition technique, interpenetrated between the RHGOF layers. A RHGOF/CNTs hybrid film is used as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode. The grown CNTs in the graphene layers structure act as spacers and bridges to increase the counductivity of RHGOF, while the grown CNTs on the surfaces of the graphene contribute to increase the specific surface area of RHGOF. The results demonstrate that the synthesized porous, flexible and binder free hybrid electrode has advantages of higher ion diffusion rate, longer diffusion length and larger ion accessible surface area as compared to the pristine graphene which results in an extra ordinary galvanostatic charge-discharge specific capacitance of 557 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, with excellent rate capabilities and superior cyclic stabilities.