bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Refractive Outcomes of Toric Phakic Implantable Collamer lens Implantat for correction of myopic astigmatism
Authors: Amana Suzan 
Published: December 2020

Background: Currently there are four general approaches to correct refractive errors: refractive corneal surgery, crystalline lens surgery and implantation of an intraocular lens in anterior or posterior chamber.
Objective: To evaluate the predictability, safety and stability of toric phakic implantable collamer lens implantation to correct moderate to high myopic astigmatism. in Eye Specialty Private Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
Type of the Study: a prospective non randomize intervention study.
Methods: 60 eyes of 40 patients underwent implantation of a toric implantable collamer lens (V4c design).Mean spherical refraction was ₋11.32 diopter (D) ±3.17 (SD) with range from ₋6.00 to ₋18.00D and the mean cylinder was -2.61(D) ±1.16 with range from ₋1.00 to ₋5.50D .The outcome measures that evaluated during a 12 months follow-up period include UDVA, refractive outcomes, CDVA, vault and adverse events.
Results: At 12 months postoperatively the mean Snellen decimal UDVA was 0.77±0.23 and mean CDVA was 0.80±0.21, with an efficacy index 1.16. Twenty nine eyes (48.33%) showed gain in CDVA with safety index

1.21.The treatment was highly predictable for spherical equivalent and astigmatic component .The mean SE dropped from (₋12.63D ±3.11) to ( ₋0.11 D±0.20) with 58 eyes within ±0.50 D and 60 eyes with ± 1.00D of target correction . For achieved cylinder 60 eyes (100%) had ≤0.50D and 51 eyes (85%) had ≤0.25D with strong positive linear correlation between achieved and expected cylinder(r=0.94)
Conclusions: The results of the present study support safety, efficacy, predictability of toric implantable collamer lens implantation to treat moderate to high myopic astigmatism.
Detection Of Candida Albicans Responsible For Vulvovaginitis In Women
Authors: Taher Sherihan K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The vaginal microbial ecosystem stability preclude many other organisms but sometimes the vaginal micro biota is disturbed and this cause change in the normal
balance causing symptoms of vulvuvaginitis like abnormal or increased vaginal discharge, redness and itching.
Objective: To prove C. albicans presence in their vagina clinically and laboratory by culture of vaginal swab on two media.
Type of the study: This study is a case control study
Methods: This study is a case control study in which 100 clinically patient women admitted to maternity hospital in kalar city and khanaqin hospital during the period from 1st August– 30th of October 2016 who were examined to prove C. albicans presence in their vagina clinically and laboratory by culture of vaginal swab on two media, the first media was used for primary isolation which was Sabouraud´s dextrose agar media and the second was to differentiate Candida spp. according to their color .
Results: Results of this study presented that the highest invasion of the vagina of Candida spp was accounted for C. albicans (39.6%)from the (53) positive cultures , while other species were as follows: C. glabrata (26.4%), C. tropicalis (20.8%) ,C. krusi(13.2 %).
Conclusions: this study presented that the highest invasion of the vagina of Candida spp was accounted for C. albicans
Urinary Tract Infection Risk Assessment By Non- Thermal Plasma In Iraqis Patients
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Ubaid 
Published: December 2020

Background: In the present study used device jet plasma needle with atmospheric pressure which generates non thermal plasma jet to measure treatment potent with plasma against pathogenic bacteria founded in UTI was inactivated with plasma at 10 sec,
Objective:. This work included the application of the plasma produced from the system in the field of bacterial sterilization , where sample of Gram- negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were exposed to intervals (1-10)second . Midstream Urine samples swabs were obtained from patients with urinary tract infections.
Type of the study: Cross -sectional study.
Methods: The work were used in this study obtained from studying 100 urine samples, the age of patients ranged between 10 years to 60 years. They were 60 females and 40 males. These samples were cultured on culture media to isolate bacterial colonies .After that, bacteria were identified by means of highly specific investigations Escherichia coli, plasma needle treatment is applied on bacteria through sterilization, and adhesion.
Results : It was found that the percentage of the killing of Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli) was 100% at (10) second, also decreasing bacterial adhesion on epithelial cells, where numbers adhesion bacterial with uroepithelial cells decrease after treatment with plasma needle .
Conclusion : From this work, it has been observed that applied voltage ,distance between plasma needle and treatment model as well as time treatment effect on inactivation bacteria and sterilization ,also it effect on decreasing bacterial adhesion on epithelial cells, where numbers adhesion bacterial with uroepithelial cells decrease after treatment with plasma needle .
Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Of Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) In Children At Children Hospital In Baghdad
Authors: Hussein Nadheema Hammood 
Published: December 2020

Background: First six to twelve months after initial urinary tract infection, most infections are caused by Escherichiacoli, although in the first year of life Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter spp andEnterococcus spp, are more frequent than later in life, and there is a higher risk of urosepsis compared with adulthood
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates from Urinary Tract Infections of children at a children hospital in Baghdad and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: During six months of study (1 June to 31 December, 2016), 117urine specimens were collected from a children hospital in Baghdad.
Results: Out 38 isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were obtained from urine specimens in a percentage of 5(13.2%) and 33(86.8%),respectively. The lowest incidence was among the 11-15 years old age group (11.9%) whereas the highest incidence was among the 1-5 years old age group (43.6%)(P≤0.05).Also out of 38positive cultures, the incidence was higher in females 31(81.6%)than that of males 7(18.4%).
Out of 38 positive cultures, the isolation rate was 5(13.2%) for Gram positive isolates and 33(86.8%)for Gram negative isolates. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli19(50%)(P-value ≤ 0.05), while the only isolated Gram positive was Staphylococcus aureus5(42.86%) isolates.The most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor (100%) and for Gram negative isolates wasimipenem (100%). Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate for both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates(100%) and Pesudomonas aeruginsa isolates showed the highest resistant rates to most antibiotics under study.
Conclusions: The most frequently isolated bacteria was E. coli from all urine cultures and the most effective antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were Vancomycin and Amikacinfor
Drug Resistant Epilepsy Among Patients Attended The Neurosciences Hospital
Authors: Zaer Nael Husain 
Published: December 2020

Background: Drug resistant epilepsy is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules to achieve sustained seizure freedom. Up to 30% of patients referred to clinics with a diagnosis of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy may have been misdiagnosed, and many can be helped by optimizing their treatment.Pseudoresistance, in which seizures persist because the underlying disorder has not been adequately or appropriately treated, must be ruled out or corrected before drug treatment can be considered to have failed.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of drug failure in patients with epilepsy and to differentiate between drug resistant epilepsy and pseudoresistant epilepsy.
Type of the study: This is a retrospective study.
Method: It is conducted in Baghdad governorate at the epilepsy clinic in the neurosciences hospital during the period from the 1st of February through July 2013. Two hundred patients with refractory epilepsy were involved. These patients attended the epilepsy clinic during 2011 and 2012. The data was collected from the files of the patients including age, gender, weight, history of presenting illness, type of seizure, drugs used, duration of disease, EEG and imaging findings, compliance and follow up.
Results: Drug resistance epilepsy constituted a prevalence of 24% (128) as the total number of patients with epilepsy attending the hospital during the same period was 527.The mean age of patients with refractory epilepsy was 25 years. Male were 56.5% (113/200) and urban residents were 70.5% (141/200). The study revealed that 64% (128/200) of refractory epilepsy was attributed to drug resistance; while the remaining proportion was pseudoresistance 36% (72/200). The main cause of pseudoresistance was poor compliance 36.1% (26/72).The most common type of seizure in the sampled patients was generalized tonic clonic seizures in 51.5% (103/200).Compliance was found to be statistically associated with abnormal EEG finding, past medical history (hypertension, cardiac diseases, encephalitis, diabetes mellitus and any significant history) and quality of follow up. The follow-up was found to be statistically associated with the family history, past medical history( encephalitis and hypertension) and compliance of patient.
Conclusion:A considerable number of patientsdiagnosed as cases of drug resistant epilepsy had another explanation causing drug failure.The study recommends the application of consensus definition for drug resistant epilepsy and periodic evaluation of patients with drug resistant epilepsy to exclude pseudoresistance.
Magnetic Resonance Venography Findings In A Group Of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Al-Baghdady Ali Qasim 
Published: December 2020

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic heterogeneous demyelinating axonal and inflammatory disease involving the Central Nervous System [CNS] white matter with a possibility of gray matter involvement in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms. Cerebral venous insufficiency theory was raised as a possible etiology for the disease at 2008 by Zamboni an Italian cardiothoracic surgeon. This theory was defeated by Multiple Sclerosis[ MS] researchers and scientists who thought that the disease is an autoimmune rather than vascular.
Objective: To assess the findings of Magnetic Resonance Venography [MRV] in a group of patients with MS and to compare these results with a healthy control group Magnetic Resonance Venography[ MRV] findings.
Type of the study: A case – control cross sectional study.
Methods: it was conducted at Neurosciences Hospital MS clinic from Oct.2014 to Dec. 2015, recruiting sequentially 50 patients who attend the MS clinic; 19 male and 31 females, their age was ranged from 16 to 53 year old. Diagnosis of MS was based on fulfillment of McDonald 2010 criteria for MS diagnosis, detailed history , examination and Expanded Disability Status Scale( EDSS)[see Appendix1] were recorded according to structured questionnaire forum. Each patient was send for Magnetic Resonance Venography[ MRV] using 3 Tessla Phillips model Achieva, 2012. The results of MRV were interpreted by specialist radiologist. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 21 with P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Fifty patients with Multiple Sclerosis were involved in the study female 31, male 19, their ages were ranged between 21 and 60 year old. Magnetic Resonance Venography [MRV] findings suggest of venous thrombosis were seen in [4 / 50] 8% of patients and [46 /50] 92% of the patients in this study have no findings of venous thrombosis. The comparison with the control group showed no significant statistical difference.
Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Venography[MRV] finding is not statistically different between healthy people and Multiple Sclerosis patient
Association Between Different Risk Factors And Stroke At Emergency Department In Neuro Science Hospital
Authors: Abd Muataz Fairooz 
Published: December 2020

Background: Stroke is an acute neurologic injury and represents the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide, and also the most leading cause of acquired disability and morbidity in adults.
Objective: Effect and association between stroke and risk factors.
Type of the study: A retrospective study.
Methods: The study conducted on 312 patients in 2016, all data were collected from patients’ files from the emergency unit, which included basic demographic and disease characteristic, co morbid diseases, risk factors, final diagnosis.
Results: both previous stroke, ischemic heart disease was strong predictor of new stroke ,and hypertension was major risk factor that associated with new stroke (odd ratio= 13.034, 2.659and 5.684respectively), no significant correlation between sex and stroke in the collected sample despite that female had slightly higher rate of stroke than male, patients with age above 70 years carry the highest risk to present with stroke.
Conclusion: The rate of stroke in Iraqi patients still significantly associated with advance age, two major predictor of stroke are associated with stroke previous stroke and ischemic heart disease and hypertension was the major risk factor correlated with new onset stroke, and prevention programs must be implemented on them especially hypertension since it is modifiable risk factor
Background: Stroke is an acute neurologic injury and represents the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide, and also the most leading cause of acquired disability and morbidity in adults.
Objective: Effect and association between stroke and risk factors.
Type of the study: A retrospective study.
Methods: The study conducted on 312 patients in 2016, all data were collected from patients’ files from the emergency unit, which included basic demographic and disease characteristic, co morbid diseases, risk factors, final diagnosis.
Results: both previous stroke, ischemic heart disease was strong predictor of new stroke ,and hypertension was major risk factor that associated with new stroke (odd ratio= 13.034, 2.659and 5.684respectively), no significant correlation between sex and stroke in the collected sample despite that female had slightly higher rate of stroke than male, patients with age above 70 years carry the highest risk to present with stroke.
Conclusion: The rate of stroke in Iraqi patients still significantly associated with advance age, two major predictor of stroke are associated with stroke previous stroke and ischemic heart disease and hypertension was the major risk factor correlated with new onset stroke, and prevention programs must be implemented on them especially hypertension since it is modifiable risk factor
Non Traumatic Acute Abdominal pain (100 days study in Emergency Department)
Authors: Atiyah Taqi Saadoon 
Published: December 2020

Background: Abdominal symptoms are possibly the most frequent of all symptoms encountered in surgical practice. Pain is the most common of all abdominal symptoms. Causes of acute abdominal pain include both medical and surgical. Most symptoms arise from intra-abdominal organs or systems while some may originate extra abdominally and are then referred to the abdomen. Medical causes of abdominal pain are encountered more frequently.
Objective: To study the causes of acute abdominal pain in patients attending emergency department in Al- Imamain Al- Kadhimain Medical City.
Type of the study: A prospective cross sectional study
Methods: The patients attending Emergency Department in Al- Imamain Al- Kadhimain Medical City over the period from April-2014 to April 2016. There was a one day call duty per week managed by the same surgical team (total one hundred days study). Onlypatients above 12 years old with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain were included in this study.
Results: The total number was 1217 patients over hundred days study. Their age ranges from 12-83 years; average age was 36.18 ±17 year. There was slight female predominance, 638 (52.42%) female patients and 579 (47.58%) male patients. The most common cause of abdominal pain was acute appendicitis 252 (20.70%), followed by ureteric colic 251 (20.62%), and acute cholecystitis249 (20.46%). Conservative management was done for 836 (68.69%) patients, while operative management done for 379 (31.14%) patients. Postoperative mortality was 8 (2.11%) patients.Medical causes of acute abdominal pain were found in 48 (5.74%) patients.
Conclusion: Not all the patients attending surgical emergency department needs operations. Causes of acute abdominal pain include both medical and surgical diseases, some of the medical diseases are very serious like acute viral hepatitis, myocardial infarction , and diabetic ketoacidosis; and should not submit those patients to unnecessary operations with serious and may be fatal postoperative complications. General urine examination is a must in all patients with acute abdominal pain. Electrocardiography (ECG) may be needed in old patients.
Clinical Significance of Blastocystis Sp. among Children with Leukemia
Authors: Khalil Zainab Khalid 
Published: December 2020

Background: Blastocystis spp. distributes world widely and the genus Blastocystis include many subtypes that are isolated from human intestinal tract. It is considered the most common parasite detected in human being.
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of Blastocystis spp. among leukemic children, to find out its association with the presence of symptoms (diarrhea and abdominal pain), and to assess the efficacy of different staining methods in detection of Blastocystis spp.
Type of the study: cross-sectional study.
Method: 103 children were enrolled in this study, 53 leukemic patients and 50 healthy controls. The study was performed during the period between January and June 2014, in Oncology department of Ibn Al-Atheer teaching hospital in Mosul city. Three consecutive samples were taken from each child and a thorough history was taken from them. The samples then treated with 3 stains, iodine, iron hematoxylin, and trichrome.The data was analyzed using minitab version 17, Fischer’s exact test, Two-proportions test, and Correlation test. The results were considered statistically significant with P-value <0.05.
Results: Blastocystis spp. was detected in 18.87% of leukemic children and in 10% of healthy group. All specimens were stained by iodine, iron hematoxylin, and trichrome stains. Infection rates among patients were (9.4%, 11.3%, and 18.87% respectively) while among healthy children they were (4%, 6%, and 10% respectively). However, these differences were statistically nonsignificant. A higher infection rate was detected in the preschool children (33.3%) than school age group (6.9%). Furthermore, there was a significant association between Blastocystisspp. infection and intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain and diarrhea).
Conclusion: Our study reveals a higher rate of infection with Blastocystis spp. among leukemic children than normal controls and a significant association was seen between incidence ofBlastocystisspp. infection and symptomatic children. Those results draw attention for the significance of Blastocystis spp. infection in immunosuppressed patients and lighten the way for further studies on its pathogenicity and diagnostic methods.
Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis for A sample of Pregnant Women in Baghdad
Authors: Abdul Mohammed Al-Rawazq Huda Sahib 
Published: December 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a very common infection caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This parasite is called Toxoplasma gondii widely distributed around the world . Toxoplasma gondii can be vertically transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may cause wide range of clinical manifestations in the offspring.
Objective: To determine seroprevalence Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM ) to toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and to identify the risk factors.
Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: A total of 110 blood samples of pregnant women were collected from private laboratory for Dr. luay Ibrahim to Pathogenesis Analyses in Baghdad Al-Mansour- 14 Ramadan street . Which obtained during the period from 1st March 2016 till the 30th June 2016. Data was collected by using direct interviewing questionnaire sheet concerning their ages of pregnant women between (less than 20 to more than 40 years old), place of residence ( urban, rural), level of education (illiteracy, literacy), number of pervious abortion (one, two, three or more), contact with ( cat and other domestic animal or no animal in house). The diagnosis is based on IgG and IgM antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii were measured using a commercial Kit ( Cobas Toxo IgG, Toxo IgM) according to the Roche Diagnostic manufacturer's instructions. Each blood was analyzed for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii by identifying serum IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: A total of 110 pregnant women were enrolled and screened for the presence of anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies result revealed that 40 (63.4 %) of 110 pregnant women were positive for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgG and 70 (63.6 %) of 110 were negative for anti-toxoplasma-antibody-IgG while revealed that 16 (13.6 %) of 110 pregnant women were positive for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgM and 94 (86.4 %) of 110 were negative for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgM.
Conclusions: the present study shows that anti-Toxoplasma IgG Ab are higher than anti-Toxoplasma IgM Ab in pregnant women between the age group 20 to 30 years in literacy educational level and rural area also recorded the highest rates of seropositivity among women with only one previously abortion in contact with cats are more affected.
Prevalence of H pylori in obese attending Obesity therapy Unit
Authors: Hana Mumtaz K 
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity is an increasing health problem in developed countries and has grown into a major global epidemic. Recent studies suggested colonization of the stomach by Hpylori might affect gastric expression of appetite- and satiety-related hormone and patients cured of H pylori infection gained weight. Obesity and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are important because of the problems they lead and their frequency of occurrence.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in obese.
Type of the study:A cross-sectional study
Methods: A total of 32 obese female admitted to the study. Body mass indices (BMI) of all subjects were calculated H. pylori positivity were studied.
Results: The age range of the obese was (20-59) and the BMI (was 25-55 kg/m²). 26 obese (81.25%) were H pylori positive, and all obese above 45 were H pylori positive.
Conclusions: Obesity and h pylori are closely associated and the prevalence of h pylori increased with obesity. We consider that H. pylori infection can be a risk factor for obesity and almost all obese patients above 45 years were sero positive. However, further studies evaluating more subjects are required. And we need to do national survey about h pylori prevalence in our community