bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. based on metabolite profiling coupled with PLS‐DA
Authors: Cai Zhichen , Liao Haiying , Wang Chengcheng , Chen Jiali , Tan Mengxia , Mei Yuqi , Wei Lifang , Chen Huan , Yang Rong , Liu Xunhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLonicera japonica Thunb. is an economically important species of honeysuckle belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family. All aerial parts of L. japonica (leaf, flower bud, flower, and caulis) are used as herbal remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. The application of plant metabolomics to the study of L. japonica provides the potential for identifying the phytochemical composition and useful chemical markers of the plant.ObjectiveTo develop a strategy integrating metabolic profiling and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) to separate the aerial parts of L. japonica based on the occurrence of chemical markers.MethodologyThe two‐part strategy consisted of (1) ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC‐triple TOF‐MS/MS), (2) PLS‐DA, which was applied to distinguish between the different aerial parts and reveal their differential characteristic metabolites.ResultsA total of 71 metabolites were identified from samples, and eight candidate compounds were identified (lonicerin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, loganin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, secologanic acid, luteoloside, astragalin) as optimal chemical markers based on variable importance in projection (VIP) and p‐value. The relative contents of eight candidate compounds were compared based on their peak intensities.ConclusionThis study established an efficient strategy for exploring metabolite profiling and defining chemical markers among the different aerial parts of L. japonica, and laid the foundation for elucidating the phytochemical differences in efficacy between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis (LJC). Our findings also indicate that the leaves of L. japonica leaf could be used as an alternative medicinal resource for LJF and provide a reference for comprehensive exploitation and utilisation of L. japonica resources.
Systematic Review of Voxelotor: A First‐in‐Class Sickle Hemoglobin Polymerization Inhibitor for Management of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Han Jin , Saraf Santosh L. , Gordeuk Victor R. 
Published: April 2020

Voxelotor, a sickle hemoglobin polymerization inhibitor, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat sickle cell disease (SCD) in November 2019. This article reviews published data about voxelotor treatment of SCD based on a search of MEDLINE, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. In a phase I/II trial, voxelotor demonstrated a dose‐dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response and was well tolerated in healthy volunteers and patients with SCD. In a multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, phase III trial (HOPE trial), a significantly higher percentage of patients randomized to voxelotor had increased hemoglobin (> 1 g/dl from baseline) compared to placebo. A greater reduction of hemolytic markers was also observed in the voxelotor‐treated group, whereas the incidence of adverse effects was comparable. Three case series or reports also demonstrated the efficacy and safety of voxelotor use in a limited number of SCD patients in the real‐world situation, although one patient with SCD, severe anemia, and a history of autoantibody‐mediated hemolysis failed to respond to voxelotor. An ongoing trial (HOPE‐KIDS) is designed to establish the use of voxelotor in younger pediatric patients with SCD. There is a theoretical concern that voxelotor may impair oxygen delivery, due to modification of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, which needs to be further evaluated. As a first‐in‐class hemoglobin modulator, voxelotor offers a new treatment option targeting the root cause of SCD.
Vallecular cyst with coexisting laryngomalacia: Successful diagnosis and laser therapy by flexible endoscopy with a novel noninvasive ventilation support in infants
Authors: Soong Wen‐Jue , Yang Chia‐Feng , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Tsao Pei‐Jeng , Lin Chien‐Heng , Chen Chieh‐Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveVallecular cyst coexisting with laryngomalacia (VC‐LM) can cause significant pharyngolaryngeal obstruction. Traditionally, it is diagnosed with flexible endoscopy (FE) and treated by rigid endoscopy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of solely using FE with novel noninvasive ventilation (NIV) of sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) support for both diagnosis and treatment in such infants.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive infants who were diagnosed and treated for VC‐LM in the 12‐year period, 2007 to 2018, was conducted. Clinical variables, techniques, and outcomes were analyzed and reported.ResultsEighteen infants (10 males) were included. The mean age was 3.0 ± 0.6 months and the mean body weight was 4.6 ± 1.3 kg. Before FE, 14 infants were supported with bi‐nasal prongs NIV (BN‐NIV) and four infants with tracheal intubation. During diagnostic and therapeutic FE, all infants supported with a nasopharyngeal NIV (NP‐NIV) only. All diagnoses were made in the first FE inspection of 3.5 ± 1.2 minutes. Thirteen lesions were immediately treated with FE laser therapy in 18.1 ± 1.7 minutes in the same FE course. Total FE time was 24.6 ± 2.8 minutes. Three infants needed revision laser therapy 4 days later. There was no desaturation (<90%), bradycardia (<100/min), or pneumothorax. After FE therapy, all infants were supported with BN‐NIV only with significantly (<0.01) lower pressure and completely weaned off before being discharged 8.4 ± 1.5 days later. All infants, followed up for a 6‐month period, showed many clinical improvements.ConclusionsFE, with this NP‐NIV and SPI supports, could offer accurate diagnosis and successful laser therapy of the VC‐LM with procedural sedation in the same session in infants.
Enhancing data acquisition for the analysis of complex organic matter in direct‐infusion Orbitrap mass spectrometry using micro‐scans
Authors: Wolters Cédric , Flandinet Laurène , He Chao , Isa Junko , Orthous‐Daunay François‐Régis , Thissen Roland , Hörst Sarah , Vuitton Véronique 
Published: April 2020

RationaleAcquisition quality in analytical science is key to obtaining optimal data from a sample. In very high‐resolution mass spectrometry, quality is driven by the optimization of multiple parameters, including the use of scans and micro‐scans (or transients) for performing a Fourier transformation.MethodsThirty‐nine mass spectra of a single synthesized complex sample were acquired using various numbers of scans and micro‐scans determined through a simple experimental design. An electrospray ionization source coupled with an LTQ Orbitrap XL™ mass spectrometer was used, and acquisition was performed using a single mass range. All the resulting spectra were treated in the same way to enable comparisons of assigned stoichiometric formulae between acquisitions.ResultsConverting the number of scans into micro‐scans enhances signal quality by lowering noise and reducing artifacts. This modification also increases the number of attributed stoichiometric formulae for an equivalent acquisition time, giving access to a larger molecular diversity for the analyzed complex sample.ConclusionsFor complex samples, the use of long acquisition times leads to optimal data quality, and the use of micro‐scans instead of scans‐only maximizes the number of attributed stoichiometric formulae.
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide as a Sustainable Carbonaceous Catalyst for Greener Synthesis: Benign and Solvent‐free Synthesis of Pyranopyrazoles
Authors: Saravana Ganesan Nagappan , Suresh Palaniswamy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of benign strategies using the greener catalytic system is one of the prime tasks to improvise the greenness and sustainability in the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In the present work, a straightforward and sustainable methodology for the one‐pot synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c] pyrazole has been developed using nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (NGO) as a solid carbocatalyst under neat condition. The presence of high‐density different types of nitrogen on the basal plane and the edges of the graphitic surface renders excellent active alkali sites and make it as a carbonaceous catalyst for the synthesis of a wide range of pyranopyrazoles with excellent yield. Present carbonaceous NGO catalysis the formation of pyranopyrazoles from diverse aldehydes and ketones under a solvent‐free simple grinding condition that avoids chromatographic purifications. In this benign multicomponent synthesis, the NGO is highly stable and reusable without any loss in its catalytic activity even after eight successive reuses, which strongly enlighten the sustainable nature of the catalyst. Further analytical studies of the reused catalyst confirm the stability of the catalyst even after several reuses. The NGO catalyst paves a path for the development of sustainable nitrogen‐based carbocatalyst for the benign multicomponent synthesis of bioactive molecules.
fib models for modeling of chloride ion ingress and concrete carbonation: Levels of assessment of input parameters
Authors: Šomodíková Martina , Strauss Alfred , Zambon Ivan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDegradation processes affecting structural materials, such as chloride ion ingress, concrete carbonation, and the subsequent corrosion of reinforcement, are limiting factors for the service life of reinforced concrete structures and/or structural elements. The objective of a structural condition assessment is to determine the current state and estimate the future performance of a structure with a maximum degree of accuracy and a minimum of effort. There is therefore a need for advanced methodologies and predictive deterioration models for the assessment of structures/structural elements over time. In the paper, the focus is on the widely accepted models for modeling of chloride ion ingress into concrete and concrete carbonation process incorporated in the fib Model Code 2010. Three levels of assessment of input parameters are presented, starting with simple quantification based on codes/literature recommendations and progressing to higher levels of assessment using design documentation and visual inspection data, additional on‐site measurements, and/or laboratory tests.
Effect of Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene) Block Copolymer on Thermomechanical Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene)/Polycarbonate Ternary Blends
Authors: Soltanolkottabi Fariba , Moini Jazani Omid , Shokoohi Shirin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTernary polymer blends based on polypropylene (PP)/poly(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) (SEBS)/polycarbonate (PC) compatibilized through maleic anhydride‐grafted SEBS were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. Four different compositions in which the weight ratio of SEBS constituent was varied from 5% up to 30% were formulated in order to assess the relation between morphology and mechanical properties and SEBS/SEBS‐g‐MA weight ratio was set to be 1. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and mechanical properties measurements. Microscopic observation confirmed the formation of core‐shell droplets dispersed in the PP matrix in which the rubbery phase encapsulated PC droplets. Individual fibril‐like PC rods were also observed beside the encapsulations. Accordingly, impact resistance progressively improved (28.57‐fold at 30 wt% of SEBS) compared to neat PP while only 6.8% decrease was detected in the yield strength of this sample. SEM micrographs also showed that the population and size of the individual PC particles are higher in the samples containing 5 and 10 wt% of SEBS compared to those containing 20 and 30 wt%, which endow the former with higher chance of heterogeneous nucleation and correspondingly higher crystallization temperature confirmed by DSC results. Introduction of SEBS rubber phase intensified the elastic behavior of the blends supported by DMTA thermograms.
How animals collaborate: Underlying proximate mechanisms
Authors: Duguid Shona , Melis Alicia P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCollaboration or social interactions in which two or more individuals coordinate their behavior to produce outcomes from which both individuals benefit are common in nature. Individuals from many species hunt together, defend their territory, and form coalitions in intragroup competition. However, we still know very little about the proximate mechanisms underlying these behaviors. Recent theories of human cognitive evolution have emphasized the role collaboration may have played in the selection of socio‐cognitive skills. It has been argued that the capacity to form shared goals and joint intentions with others, is what allows humans to collaborate so flexibly and efficiently. Although there is no evidence that nonhuman animals are capable of shared intentionality, there is conceivably a wide range of proximate mechanisms that support forms of, potentially flexible, collaboration in other species. We review the experimental literature with the aim of evaluating what we know about how other species achieve collaboration; with a particular focus on chimpanzees. We structure the review with a new categorization of collaborative behavior that focuses on whether individuals intentionally coordinate actions with others. We conclude that for a wider comparative perspective we need more data from other species but the findings so far suggest that chimpanzees, and possibly other great apes, are capable of understanding the causal role of a partner in collaboration.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
What do practicing lawyers need to know about technology?
Authors: Trammell Rebecca S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContinuing advances in technology and the many ways technologies are used involve both legal issues and ethical concerns impacting today's lawyers and the practice of law. What laws apply to existing technology? If current technology is used in new ways will existing laws apply to these new uses? Will new technology require new laws? How will existing ethical rules apply to today's technology? What are the technology related ethical issues that practicing lawyers must consider? How can lawyers keep up with advances in technology including electronically stored information and the artificial intelligence necessary to understand and use this technology? What resources are available to attorneys to assist in meeting these challenges? How can practicing lawyers successfully meet today's tech‐driven changes?This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Digital Courtroom
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Diagnostik von psychischen Faktoren bei chronischem Pruritus
Authors: Schneider G. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pruritus ist ein häufiges und quälendes Symptom in der Bevölkerung sowie in ärztlichen Praxen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Systematik psychischer Faktoren in Entstehung bzw. Verlauf des Pruritus sowie Hinweise zu ihrer jeweiligen Diagnostik

Material und Methode
Es handelt sich um eine Überblicksarbeit.

Ergebnisse
Psychische Beeinträchtigungen/Störungen können als Reaktion auf chronischen Pruritus auftreten, z. B. als Anpassungsstörungen, depressive Störungen, Angststörungen. Psychische Faktoren können auch in Entstehung und Verlauf eines chronischen Pruritus eine Rolle spielen, entweder im Zusammenspiel mit organischen Ursachen oder bei deren Fehlen als somatoformer Pruritus oder Pruritus bei coenästhetischer Schizophrenie. Ferner können selbstinduzierte Kratzartefakte mit oder ohne Pruritus im Rahmen von Störungen der Impulskontrolle, Zwangsstörungen oder Artefaktstörungen auftreten. Auch eine primär unabhängige Komorbidität mit einer sonstigen psychischen oder psychosomatischen Störung kann das Management des Pruritus erschweren und den Krankheitsverlauf beeinflussen. Es werden Hinweise zur Diagnostik der genannten Faktoren gegeben.

Diskussion
Die Diagnostik psychischer Einflussfaktoren und psychischer Aspekte des chronischen Pruritus ist komplex. Das wichtigste diagnostische Werkzeug ist die gründliche Anamneseerhebung auch bezüglich psychischer Aspekte. Zusätzlich können psychometrische Instrumente zum Einsatz kommen, die das ärztliche Gespräch jedoch nicht ersetzen.
Entwicklung einer Entscheidungshilfe für partizipative Vorausplanungen für Menschen mit Demenz und deren Angehörige
Authors: Bronner Katharina , Bodner Lea , Jox Ralf J. , Marckmann Georg , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Hamann Johannes 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEine Demenzdiagnose konfrontiert Betroffene mit vielen gesundheitlichen und sozialen Entscheidungen. Aufgrund der Progression der Demenz ist für eine aktive Teilnahme am Entscheidungsprozess eine rechtzeitige Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Themen ratsam. Eine professionelle Unterstützung kann dabei helfen, frühzeitig gemäß den eigenen Wünschen und Möglichkeiten vorauszuplanen.Material und MethodenIn einem mehrstufigen Prozess wurde eine Entscheidungshilfe basierend auf „advance care planning“ und „shared decision making“ entwickelt. Der Prototyp wurde an 8 Patient-Angehörigen-Dyaden aus einer Spezialambulanz für Früherkennung vorgetestet und für deren Bedürfnisse bestmöglich angepasst. In einer Pilotstudie wurde anschließend die Anwendbarkeit der Entscheidungshilfe bei weiteren 19 Patient-Angehörigen-Dyaden (Diagnose einer Alzheimer-Demenz bzw. gemischte Form; MMSE (Mini-Mental-State-Test-Summenwert) >20 und <27) mit ausgebildeten Gesprächsbegleitern als Intervention getestet.ErgebnisDas Ergebnis ist eine schriftliche Entscheidungshilfe für Menschen mit Demenz im Frühstadium und deren Angehörige, welche den Entscheidungsprozess bei wichtigen Themen (Vorsorgevollmacht, Patientenverfügung, Wohnen, Autofahren) unterstützt. Erste Ergebnisse weisen auf eine gute Akzeptanz und Handhabung hin. Patienten und Angehörige beschäftigten sich in hohem Maße mit den Themen und sprachen ihnen hohe Relevanz zu.DiskussionTrotz positiver Rückmeldung der Teilnehmer hinsichtlich Akzeptanz und Anwendbarkeit gab es größere Schwierigkeiten bei der Rekrutierung. Perspektivisch könnte der systematisierte Einsatz einer Entscheidungshilfe als Teil der Routineversorgung dazu beitragen, Entscheidungsprozesse dieser Patientengruppe zu unterstützen.
Urologische Forschung in Deutschland
Authors: Neuberger M. , Weiß C. , Westhoff N. , Worst T. S. , Michel M. S. , von Hardenberg J. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Der Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU) spiegelt die urologische Forschungslandschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum wider. Ziel war es, durch die longitudinale Analyse der Kongressabstracts und hervorgehenden Vollpublikationen Trends aufzudecken.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte die systematische Analyse der Kongressabstracts des Jahreskongresses 2016 auf Inhalt, Studiendesign, Kooperationen, hervorgehenden Vollpublikationen sowie der veröffentlichenden Journalen. Hiernach erfolgte der Vergleich mit den Kongressen 2002 und 2009. Statistische Berechnungen erfolgten per χ2-, Mann-Whitney-U-, Cochran-Armitage- und Kruskal-Wallis-Test.

Ergebnisse
Auf den Kongressen 2002, 2009 und 2016 wurden 1073 Abstracts präsentiert. Abstracts zu Prostataerkrankungen (24,2 %, 29,7 %, 34,0 %; p = 0,0043), onkologische Abstracts (50,6 %, 57,9 %, 61,7 %; p = 0,003), multizentrische Studien (18,3 %, 28,6 %, 34,3 %; p < 0,0001) und Kooperationsprojekte (55,6 %, 62,9 %, 70,5 %, p < 0,0001) nahmen zu, experimentelle (29,0 %, 33,2 %, 22,8 %; p = 0,009) und prospektive Arbeiten (62,1 %, 42,0 %, 36,0 %; p < 0,0001) ab. Statistische Analysen (18,4 %, 14,7 %, 41,2 %; p < 0,0001) und der „impact factor“ nachfolgender Vollpublikationen (2,08, 3,42, 4,42; p < 0,0001) stiegen. 2016 erfolgten 11,2 % dieser Vollpublikationen „open access“. Die Rate veröffentlichter Abstracts betrug 49,1 %, 56,3 % und 52,3 % (p = 0,15).

Schlussfolgerung
Die nationale und internationale Vernetzung der urologischen Forschungsgemeinschaft nimmt zu, prospektive Studien werden weniger präsentiert. Die Rate aus DGU-Abstracts hervorgehender Vollpublikationen zeigt sich über die drei Kongresse auf hohem Niveau. Die Veröffentlichungsrate in Open-access-Journalen ist bisher gering.
Absence of the highly expressed small carbohydrate-binding protein Cgt improves the acarbose formation in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110
Authors: Schaffert Lena , Schneiker-Bekel Susanne , Gierhake Jessica , Droste Julian , Persicke Marcus , Rosen Winfried , Pühler Alfred , Kalinowski Jörn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractActinoplanes sp. SE50/110 (ATCC 31044) is the wild type of industrial producer strains of acarbose. Acarbose has been used since the early 1990s as an inhibitor of intestinal human α-glucosidases in the medical treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. The small secreted protein Cgt, which consists of a single carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 20-domain, was found to be highly expressed in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 in previous studies, but neither its function nor a possible role in the acarbose formation was explored, yet. Here, we demonstrated the starch-binding function of the Cgt protein in a binding assay. Transcription analysis showed that the cgt gene was strongly repressed in the presence of glucose or lactose. Due to this and its high abundance in the extracellular proteome of Actinoplanes, a functional role within the sugar metabolism or in the environmental stress protection was assumed. However, the gene deletion mutant ∆cgt, constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, displayed no apparent phenotype in screening experiments testing for pH and osmolality stress, limited carbon source starch, and the excess of seven different sugars in liquid culture and further 97 carbon sources in the Omnilog Phenotypic Microarray System of Biolog. Therefore, a protective function as a surface protein or a function within the retainment and the utilization of carbon sources could not be experimentally validated. Remarkably, enhanced production of acarbose was determined yielding into 8–16% higher product titers when grown in maltose-containing medium.