bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimethyl sulfide and its role in aerosol formation and growth in the Arctic summer – a modelling study
Authors: Ghahreman Roya , Gong Wanmin , Galí Martí , Norman Ann-Lise , Beagley Stephen R. , Akingunola Ayodeji , Zheng Qiong , Lupu Alexandru , Lizotte Martine , Levasseur Maurice , Leaitch W. Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, DMS(g), is a climatically important sulfur compound and is the main source of biogenic sulfate aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere. DMS(g) production and emission to the atmosphere increase during the summer due to the greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. We implemented DMS(g) in the Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) online air quality forecast model, GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multiscale–Modelling Air quality and CHemistry), and compared model simulations with DMS(g) measurements made in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July and August 2014. Two seawater DMS(aq) datasets were used as input for the simulations: (1) a DMS(aq) climatology dataset based on seawater concentration measurements (Lana et al., 2011) and (2) a DMS(aq) dataset based on satellite detection (Galí et al., 2018). In general, GEM-MACH simulations under-predict DMS(g) measurements, which is likely due to the negative biases in both DMS(aq) datasets. However, a higher correlation and smaller bias were obtained with the satellite dataset. Agreement with the observations improved when climatological values were replaced by DMS(aq) in situ values that were measured concurrently with atmospheric observations over Baffin Bay and the Lancaster Sound area in July 2014. The addition of DMS(g) to the GEM-MACH model resulted in a significant increase in atmospheric SO2 for some regions of the Canadian Arctic (up to 100 %). Analysis of the size-segregated sulfate aerosol in the model shows that a significant increase in sulfate mass occurs for particles with a diameter smaller than 200 nm due to the formation and growth of biogenic aerosol at high latitudes (>70∘ N). The enhancement in sulfate particles is most significant in the size range from 50 to 100 nm; however, this enhancement is stronger in the 200–1000 nm size range at lower latitudes (<70∘ N). These results emphasize the important role of DMS(g) in the formation and growth of fine and ultrafine sulfate-containing particles in the Arctic during the summertime.
Transient temperature distribution and thermal stresses in a thick plate subjected to random pulses
Authors: BHOYAR Sonal , VARGHESE Vinod , KHALSA Lalsingh 
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the determination of second-order statistics (the mean of each component and correlations between components) of the quasi-static temperature distribution and thermal stresses on a thick plate under thermal load. The heated thick circular plate with random internal heat generation acting at random instants of time, in addition to sectional heat supply in the form of random impulses on the upper face, while the lower face is kept at zero temperature, and the fixed circular edge thermally insulated in considered for investigation. A type of Laplace transform method is employed to obtain the analytical solutions for the temperature and stresses statistics. Numerical results demonstrate the effects of the magnitude with the statistics of the temperature and thermal stresses and represented graphically.
De Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie: eindelijk werkelijkheid, nu nog gaan werken …
Authors: Klaassen Carla 
Published: November 2019

De Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie: eindelijk werkelijkheid, nu nog gaan werken …
Na een lange wetsgeschiedenis is op 19 maart 2019 het voorstel voor de Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie (WAMCA) aangenomen door de Eerste Kamer. De inwerkingtreding van de WAMCA is op korte termijn te verwachten. In deze bijdrage wordt de WAMCA op hoofdlijnen besproken. Tevens worden enkele kritische kanttekeningen en vraagtekens bij deze wet geplaatst.
Identité culturelle et spiritualité dans la tradition Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Dimitrova Diana 
Published: November 2019

Cette contribution se concentre sur l’identité culturelle et la spiritualité dans la tradition du Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord. J’aborde le sujet en discutant l’histoire de la spiritualité du Radhasoami et puis en analysant plusieurs aspects importants de la spiritualité du Radhasoami dans la modernité. Je traite aussi de la question des liens complexes entre la spiritualité du Radhasoami et l’identité culturelle. Par la suite, je considère plusieurs aspects de la mondialisation du mouvement Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord et ses rapports complexes avec la patrie en Asie du Sud. Parmi les questions auxquelles je cherche une réponse sont les suivantes : comment les spiritualités hindoues dans la diaspora se trans-nationalisent-elles ? Est-ce que les nouveaux espaces et pratiques rituels fournissent une « spiritualité moderne » alternative à celle construite par l’Occident ? Est-ce que « l’altérité » spirituelle de la communauté Radhasoami mène à l’isolement et à la marginalisation, ou est-ce qu’il contribue à l’intégration dans le nouveau pays de résidence ?
Effect of Silymarin on Cathepsin Activity and Oxidative Stress in TNBS-induced Colitis in Rats
Authors: Bayramoglu Gokhan , Senturk Hakan , Kanbak Gungor , Canbek Mediha , Bayramoglu Aysegul , Dokumacioglu Eda , Engur Selin 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the this study was to defined protective effects of silymarin on the experimental colitis induced by intra-colonic application of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The twenty eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly seperated into four groups, each group containing seven rats represent as follows: group 1 determined as control; group 2 determined as colitis-untreated; group 3 determined as colitis rats administered silymarin (50 mg/kg) and group 4 determined as colitis rats administered silymarin (100 mg/kg). Doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg silymarin decreased tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), cathepsin L and cathepsin B and activity of myleperoxidase (MPO) enzyme with respect to the colitis group (p<0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be said that silymarin can be used as an effective treatment agent in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Urinary Pathogens amongst Parturients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Korubo Inye Faye , Alegbeleye Justina Omoikhefe , Akani Chris Iheanachor 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To identify the microorganisms in urine before and after delivery. Also, to identify the incidence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in postpartum bacteriuria.
Methods: A quasi-interventional study of 50 women who had term vaginal deliveries at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) Nigeria, between September 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. Clean catch midstream urine samples collected in sterile containers from parturients before and after delivery were processed. All significant isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Socio-demographic data and data regarding labour and risk factors were collected on a pre-designed proforma and entered on a spread sheet. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0.
Results: Majority 49 (98%) of the parturients were booked (women that received antenatal care). Eight (16%) of the parturients had bacteriuria pre and post-delivery. Four of the parturients who were negative for bacteriuria before delivery had postpartum bacteria, giving an incidence of 8% for postpartum bacteriuria. The commonest micro-organism isolated post-delivery was Escherichia coli (50%). The number of vaginal examinations, vacuum delivery, episiotomy, perineal tear and bladder catheterization did not significantly increase the risk of postpartum bacteriuria.
Conclusion: Escherichia coli is the most common urinary pathogens and sensitive to Nalidixic acid. Routine screening of women for bacteriuria after delivery and an understanding of the antimicrobial sensitivity will help in reducing associated morbidities.
Adoption of Agroforestry Practices among Farmers in Gwaram Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Vihi S. K. , Adedire O. , Ngu-Uma B. K. 
Published: November 2019

This study assessed the adoption of agroforestry practices among farmers in Gwaram Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria. The multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 farmers from four (4) out of the six (6) districts in the Local Government Area for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires and oral interview and were subjected to both descriptive and logit regression analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the mean age of the farmers was 39 years. Majority of the farmers were male and mostly married. The study also showed that majority of the respondents had at least one form of education with a mean farming experience of 7 years and a mean farm size of 3.5 hectares. A greater percentage of the respondents acquired their farmlands through inheritance. The greater proportion of the farmers affirmed to have had contact with extension agents three times in a year and the majority of them aware of agroforestry. The average number of agroforestry practices adopted by the farmers is approximately 2 with home garden adopted by the majority of the farmers. The results also revealed that the mean annual income of respondents is N113,529. The logit regression result showed that educational level, income, membership of cooperatives and land tenure had a significant relationship with the adoption of agroforestry practices at different levels of probabilities. The major constraints to agroforestry practices as opined by the respondents include; land and tree tenure rights, long gestation period to obtain benefits, lack of knowledge and skills in agroforestry, low awareness of agroforestry practice and the high cost associated in adopting agroforestry. The study recommended the formulation of a good land use policy so that farmers can acquire land titles to guarantee the security of their land.
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities of Saba senegalensis (A.DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae) Extracts and Fractions on Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)
Authors: Bonewendé Belemlilga Mohamed , Traoré Aristide , Belemnaba Lazare , Bondo Kini Félix , Ouédraogo Sylvin , Pierre Guissou Innocent 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To investigate ovicidal and larvicidal activities of an aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic macerate (HEM) extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis.
Study Design: In vitro, the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of AD and HEM extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis on the eggs and larvae (L1) of Heligmosomoides bakeri.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) between June 2015 and December 2016.
Methodology: The phytochemical groups of the extract and fractions of Saba senegalensis were determined by a colorimetric and Thin Layer Chromatography methods. The eggs were obtained from feces of mice deliberately infected and the larvae from the eggs were incubated at 25 ±2℃ for 72 hours. Eggs and larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations (100; 625; 1250; 2500; 3750 µg/mL) of the different extracts, 48 hours and 24 hours for the eggs and larvae respectively. Distilled water and DMSO 0.1% were used as negative controls while albendazole and levamisole were used as positive controls.
Results: The phytochemical groups of interest are the tannins, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenes. The negative control had given 2.16% of egg hatch inhibition and 0% of larvae mortality mean while the positive control had given 100% in both cases. The extracts inhibited eggs hatching and affected larval survival. Pharmacological effects were concentration-dependent. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of HEM is more interesting than that of AD with an Emax = 95.60% and an IC50 = 390 µg/mL. It is the same for the larvicidal activity with Emax = 100% and an LC50 = 900 µg/mL. However, the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: These results show the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of the S. senegalensis leaves.
The Effect of Diffraction in the Degree of Bitumen Penetration on Asphalt Mixture Used for Surface Layer
Authors: Basiouny M. E. , Eisa M. S. , Abdallah A. M. , Algahny A. A. Abd 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: This research discuss the simulation of the bad bitumen which gives a penetration out of the specification limit and Study the effect of crumb rubber on the performance of asphalt mixture in case of low penetration grade and waste cooking oil in case of high penetration grade.
Presentation of Case: Determination of the permissible limits of the diffraction in the degree of penetration for Suez Bitumen and Alexandria bitumen.
Methodology: 14 asphalt mixtures are designed by using two types of bitumen (Alexandria bitumen and Suez bitumen). By using crumb rubber powder (C.R.P) with contents (6%, 8% and 10%) to decrease penetration for Alex bitumen by (59, 56 and 53) respectively. Then (-C.R.P-) was added with ratios (5%, 6.5% and 8%) to decrease penetration for Suez bitumen by (59, 56 and 53) respectively. after that waste cooking oil was added with different percentages (0.3%, 0.5% and 1%) for each bitumen type to increase penetration by (71, 74 and 77) respectively. Marshall Test was implemented for all asphalt mixtures to determine stability value and flow. The ITS Test was performed for all mixtures to determine tensile properties for mixtures.
Results: The results were showed important conclusions for using bitumen with penetration grades (60/70) with increase or decrease in penetration by 7.
Conclusion: This study recommends using (C.R.P) with ratios (10% and 5%) from bitumen weight for Alex and Suez bitumen respectively for achieving 53, 59 penetration to obtain 29% increase of stability value and 23.64% for Alex and Suez bitumen mixture respectively.
Scattering of therapeutic radiation in the presence of craniofacial bone reconstruction materials
Authors: Toivonen Joonas , Björkqvist Mikko , Minn Heikki , Vallittu Pekka K. , Rekola Jami 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeRadiation scattering from bone reconstruction materials can cause problems from prolonged healing to osteoradionecrosis. Glass fiber reinforced composite (FRC) has been introduced for bone reconstruction in craniofacial surgery but the effects during radiotherapy have not been previously studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the attenuation and back scatter caused by different reconstruction materials during radiotherapy, especially FRC with bioactive glass (BG) and titanium.MethodsThe effect of five different bone reconstruction materials on the surrounding tissue during radiotherapy was measured. The materials tested were titanium, glass FRC with and without BG, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and bone. The samples were irradiated with 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams. Measurements of backscattering and dose changes behind the sample were made with radiochromic film and diamond detector dosimetry.ResultsAn 18% dose enhancement was measured with a radiochromic film on the entrance side of irradiation for titanium with 6 MV energy while PEEK and FRC caused an enhancement of 10% and 4%, respectively. FRC‐BG did not cause any measurable enhancement. The change in dose immediately behind the sample was also greatest with titanium (15% reduction) compared with the other materials (0–1% enhancement). The trend is similar with diamond detector measurements, titanium caused a dose enhancement of up to 4% with a 1 mm sample and a reduction of 8.5% with 6 MV energy whereas FRC, FRC‐BG, PEEK or bone only caused a maximum dose reduction of 2.2%.ConclusionsGlass fiber reinforced composite causes less interaction with radiation than titanium during radiotherapy and could provide a better healing environment after bone reconstruction.
Engineered Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines for Validation of CAR T Cell Function
Authors: Repellin Claire E. , Ganesan Priya , Alcudia Javier F. , Lakshmireddy Haritha K. Duggireddy , Patel Puja , Beviglia Lucia , Javitz Harold S. , Sambucetti Lidia , Bhatnagar Parijat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA set of genetically engineered isogenic cell lines is developed to express either folate receptor alpha or mesothelin, and a control cell line negative for both antigens. These cell lines also express fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter transgenes. The cell lines are used to authenticate specificity and function of a T‐cell biofactory, a living vector that is developed to express proportionate amounts of engineered proteins upon engaging with disease cells through their specific antigenic biomarkers. The engineered cell lines are also used to assess the cytolytic function and specificity of primary T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors; and the specificity of monoclonal antibodies. The strategy described can be used to generate other cell lines to present different disease‐specific biomarkers for use as quality control tools.
In Pursuit of Zero 2.0: Recent Developments in Nonfouling Polymer Brushes for Immunoassays
Authors: Heggestad Jacob T. , Fontes Cassio M. , Joh Daniel Y. , Hucknall Angus M. , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract“Nonfouling” polymer brush surfaces can greatly improve the performance of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays due to the reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption and consequent improvement of signal‐to‐noise ratios. The development of synthetic polymer brush architectures that suppress adventitious protein adsorption is reviewed, and their integration into surface plasmon resonance and fluorescent sandwich immunoassay formats is discussed. Also, highlighted is a novel, self‐contained immunoassay platform (the D4 assay) that transforms time‐consuming laboratory‐based assays into a user‐friendly and point‐of‐care format with a sensitivity and specificity comparable or better than standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) directly from unprocessed samples. These advancements clearly demonstrate the utility of nonfouling polymer brushes as a substrate for ultrasensitive and robust diagnostic assays that may be suitable for clinical testing, in field and laboratory settings.
Toward Efficient Carbon and Water Cycles: Emerging Opportunities with Single‐Site Catalysts Made of 3d Transition Metals
Authors: Wan Gang , Zhang Guanghui , Lin Xiao‐Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvances in the chemical and electrochemical transformation of carbon and water are vital for delivering affordable and environmentally friendly energy sources and chemicals. Central to this challenge is the performance of materials. Traditionally, noble metal particles or metal complexes have been used as catalysts for many reactions. Recently, 3d transition‐metal single‐site catalysts (3dTM‐SSCs) have emerged as potentially transformational candidates for the next‐generation high‐performance noble‐metal‐free catalysts. Designing catalysts at the molecular level can lead to a more efficient utilization of metal atoms and at the same time enhance catalytic performance under harsh reaction conditions. Despite this promise, several fundamental issues remain, in particular the structural evolution of 3dTM‐SSCs during the synthesis, the molecular‐level insights into the structure of the active sites, catalytic mechanisms, and the long‐term cycling stability. Here, the material chemistries that facilitate the 3dTM‐SSCs generation through a controlled pyrolytic synthesis are discussed, with focus on elucidating the underlying performance descriptors that can tune the catalytic properties in various critical reactions in carbon and water cycles. The current challenges and possible solutions for improving these novel catalytic materials are also highlighted.
[4+2]‐Cycloaddition of para‐Quinone Methides with Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐Triazines: Access to 1,3‐Benzoxazine Derivatives
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Zhou Shuang‐Jing , Xu Guo‐Yong , Wang Long , Yang Qing‐Qing , Xuan Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA [4+2]‐cycloaddition of para‐quinone methides with hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazines is reported. The reaction occurs under very mild conditions (catalyst‐, ligand‐, and base‐free), exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, and affords a series of biologically important 1,3‐benzoxazine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the successful late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds further renders the approach valuable.magnified image
Graphene‐Oxide‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Oxindoles with Arenes and Thiophenols
Authors: Wu Hongru , Qiu Chuntian , Zhang Zhaofei , Zhang Bing , Zhang Shaolong , Xu Yangsen , Zhou Hongwei , Su Chenliang , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHere, we explore the GO‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of oxindoles with arenes and thiophenols for the rapid synthesis of 3‐aryloxindoles and 3‐sulfenylated oxindoles. Control experiments and small‐molecule mimicking studies reveal that the acidic nature and quinone‐type functionalities of GO are synergistically utilized for the coupling reaction. The reaction proceeds under simple and mild reaction conditions, exhibits good functional group tolerance, and can be easily scaled up to the gram level.magnified image
Enzymatic O‐Prenylation of Diverse Phenolic Compounds by a Permissive O‐Prenyltransferase from the Medicinal Mushroom Antrodia camphorata
Authors: He Junbin , Hu Zhimin , Dong Zeyuan , Li Bin , Chen Kuan , Shang Zhanpeng , Zhang Meng , Qiao Xue , Ye Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrenylated compounds are pharmacologically attractive natural products that are widely distributed in nature. Prenyltransferases (PTs) could catalyze the transfer of prenyl moieties to aromatic acceptors and increase the structural diversity and biological activity of natural products. In this work, a permissive O‐prenyltransferase AcaPT was discovered from Antrodia camphorata, a precious medicinal mushroom in Taiwan. AcaPT exhibited robust O‐prenylation capability toward structurally diverse drug‐like phenolic compounds, including antrodins, flavonoids, and coumarins. In total, 23 O‐prenylated products were obtained by scaled‐up enzymatic synthesis. AcaPT could be used as an efficient biocatalyst to synthesize O‐prenylated derivatives for drug discovery.magnified image
Enantioselective Construction of Spiro[chroman‐thiazolones]: Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt‐Catalyzed [2+4] Annulation between 5‐Alkenyl Thiazolones and ortho‐Hydroxyphenyl‐Substituted para‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Tan Jian‐Ping , Zhang Hongkui , Jiang Zhiyu , Chen Yuan , Ren Xiaoyu , Jiang Chunhui , Wang Tianli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe enantioselective formal [2+4] annulation of 5‐alkenyl thiazolones with hydroxyl‐substituted para‐quinone methides was disclosed by dipeptide‐based phosphonium salt catalysts. A wide range of functionalized spiro‐chroman‐thiazolone molecules bearing three contiguous 3° and/or 4° stereocenters were readily constructed in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities (>20:1 dr and up to >99.9% ee) under low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions. The practicality and utility of this protocol were demonstrated by the scaled‐up preparation and elaborations of product.magnified image