bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does prior residency interact with loss? A study of male–male contests in the hermit crab Pagurus minutus
Authors: Yasuda Chiaki I. , Kaida Takehiro , Koga Tsunenori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResidency is an important predictor of success in contests with ownership asymmetries. Residency often can interact with a winning experience. However, given that some residents lose a contest even when showing an ownership advantage and that the process leading to loss often determines the loser's subsequent success, prior ownership might also interact with a loss. Here, we staged experimental contests between males of the hermit crab Pagurus minutus with a similar‐sized weapon (i.e., cheliped) to examine this possibility. Male–male contests in this species occur between a solitary intruder and an owner guarding a mature female. We evaluated (a) whether resource ownership and female value affect the contest outcome and (b) whether the probability of winning after losing differs depending on the initial role of the loser (i.e., owner or intruder) by using precopulatory guarding pairs of P. minutus collected from the field. In the first fighting trial, we found an ownership advantage and increasing owner success as the body size of his partner increased. Although some owners lost the fight, in contrast to our prediction, the frequency of losing in the second fighting trial did not differ between prior owners and prior intruders. Because losers from the first fighting trial of male–male contests have no female regardless of their initial role, this shared solitary status might be related to the lack of difference in success in the second fighting trial. Moreover, unlike in other animals, resident status might not always assure greater fighting ability in P. minutus males because guarding Pagurus males can avoid male–male contests by climbing up objects in the field. Losers in the first trial, therefore, may have been weaker contestants based on traits other than size, regardless of whether they were owners or intruders.
A taste of its own medicine: Assessing the impact of the EU Better Regulation Agenda
Authors: Garben Sacha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article performs an ‘impact assessment’ of the EU Better Regulation Agenda. It considers whether there is a clear definition of the problems that the EU Better Regulation seeks to address, the evidence base, whether Better Regulation more effectively responds to those problems than alternative options, and what the costs, benefits and broader impacts of the the Agenda may be. The analysis suggests that while the Better Regulation Agenda generally promotes an open yet rational decision‐making process based on sound problem definitions and aiming at targeted solutions calibrated for optimum efficiency and effectiveness, some of its own problem assumptions remain unproven, it possesses contradictory traits and risks being counter productive. Furthermore, while EU Better Regulation may have benefits, it also entails significant costs that should not be overlooked. This assessment reveals the complex and multifaceted nature of EU Better Regulation, and the need to hold it to its own standards.
Stress triaxiality effect on void nucleation in ductile metals
Authors: Testa Gabriel , Bonora Nicola , Ruggiero Andrew , Iannitti Gianluca , Gentile Domenico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe stress triaxiality effect on the strain required for void nucleation by particle‐matrix debonding has been investigated by means of micromechanical modelling. A unit‐cell model considering an elastic spherical particle embedded in an elastic‐plastic matrix was developed to the purpose. Particle‐matrix decohesion was simulated through the progressive failure of a cohesive interface. It has been shown that the parameters of matrix‐particle cohesive interface are correlated with macroscopic material properties. Here, a simple relationship for the maximum cohesive opening at interface failure as a function of material fracture toughness and yield stress has been derived. Results seem to confirm that, increasing stress triaxiality, the strain at which void nucleation is predicted to occur decreases exponentially in a similar way as for fracture strain. This result has substantial implications in modelling of ductile damage because it indicates that if the stress triaxiality is high enough, ductile fracture can occur at plastic strain lower than that necessary to nucleate damage for moderate or low stress triaxiality regime.
Activity measurements of dalcinonacog alfa
Authors: Williams Stella C. , Gray Elaine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany recombinant and modified FIX products have been, and continue to be, developed with the aim of improving treatment for patients with haemophilia B. One such new product is dalcinonacog alfa, a recombinant FIX with modifications to provide improved features such as subcutaneous administration.AimIn view of previously observed assay discrepancies with modified FIX therapeutics, the aim of this study was to assess potential discrepancies in potency measurement of dalcinonacog alfa between and within different assay methods.MethodsPotency of dalcinonacog alfa was measured against the 5th International Standard (IS) for FIX Concentrate and the 4th IS for FIX Plasma by One‐Stage Clotting Assay, using 9 different APTT reagents and 2 commercially available FIX chromogenic kits. Plasma‐derived concentrate and recombinant FIX samples were also included for comparison in every assay.ResultsSubstantial discrepancies were observed when assaying dalcinonacog alfa using the one‐stage clotting assay against both standards. No statistically valid results were obtained when testing dalcinonacog alfa using either chromogenic kit. Increasing the incubation time with the activation reagent in both chromogenic kits resulted in valid assays and increased the potency to become more in line with potencies by one‐stage clotting assays. Increasing the incubation time in the chromogenic kits had no effect on the potencies of the plasma‐derived or recombinant samples. However, incubation time influenced in the one‐stage clotting assay using Dapttin.ConclusionsWithin and between assay method discrepancy was found when assaying dalcinonacog alfa. Methods for potency labelling and clinical monitoring should be given careful consideration.
Prevalence of inhibitors and clinical characteristics in patients with haemophilia in a middle‐income Latin American country
Authors: Villarreal‐Martínez Laura , García‐Chávez Jaime , Sánchez‐Jara Berenice , Moreno‐González Aida Mashenka , Soto‐Padilla Janet , Aquino‐Fernández Efraín , Paredes‐Aguilera Rogelio , Maldonado‐Silva Karla , Rodríguez‐Castillejos Cecilia , González‐Ávila Ana Itamar , Mora‐Torres María , Tiznado‐García Hector Manuel , Padilla‐Durón Natalia Elizabeth , Luna‐Silva Nuria Citlali , Gutiérrez‐Juárez Eric Israel , Nemi‐Cueto Jorge , Gómez‐González Claudia Sofia , De León‐Figueroa Ricardo , López‐Miranda Adela , Ríos‐Osuna Mirna Guadalupe , Tamez‐Gómez Edna Liliana , Reyes‐Espinoza Elio Aarón , Domínguez‐Varela Irving Armando , González‐Martínez Gerardo , Godoy‐Salinas Elias Adán 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionDevelopment of inhibitors is the most serious complication in patients with haemophilia (PWH). The prevalence of inhibitors in patients with severe haemophilia A (HA) is approximately 25%‐30%. Inhibitor prevalence differs among populations. Some studies report a prevalence of almost twice in Hispanic as compared to Caucasian patients. Most data available, on the prevalence of inhibitors and their predisposing factors, originate from centres in developed countries.AimEstablish the prevalence of inhibitors of FVIII and FIX in Mexico.MethodsThis was an observational, cross‐sectional and descriptive study. The records of all patients diagnosed with haemophilia A (HA) or B (HB), with and without inhibitors, were included. Clinical and demographical characteristics of patients with inhibitors were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22. The Ethics Committees of the various participating institutions approved this study.ResultsA total of 1455 patients from the 20 participating centres were recruited, from which 1208 (83.02%) had HA and 247 (16.97%) were diagnosed with HB. The presence of inhibitors in severe HA was reported in 93/777(11.96%), and 10/162 (6.17%) in severe HB. Of them, 91.7% exhibited high titres in HA and 100% in HB.ConclusionIn Mexico, the general prevalence of inhibitors varies considerably among centres. This study established a basis of comparison for future development and advances in the treatment and follow‐up of patients. These findings also augment our understanding of risk factors related to inhibitor development.
The effect of extended‐hours hemodialysis on outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hull Katherine L. , March Daniel S. , Churchward Darren R. , Graham‐Brown Matthew P.M. , Burton James O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtended‐hours hemodialysis is associated with improvements in quality of life (QoL) and mortality, but it may accelerate the loss of residual kidney function (RKF) and increase vascular access complications. Multiple established databases were systematically searched; randomized and non‐randomized studies were pooled separately. QoL outcomes were assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD), vascular access adverse events and mortality were assessed with relative risk ratios (RR). Four hundred seventy‐six patients from six trials were eligible. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) could only be synthesized for vascular access adverse events and mortality, which demonstrated no significant change in vascular access adverse events (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.77) or mortality (RR 2.29, 95% CI 0.60 to 8.71). Pooled data from non‐randomized trials demonstrated no significant difference in QoL (SF‐36 Physical Component Summary SMD 0.61, 95% CI −0.10 to 1.31, SF‐36 Mental Component Summary SMD −0.04, 95% CI −0.61 to 0.54). RKF was assessed in one report which demonstrated a potential reduction over 12 months with extended‐hours hemodialysis. The majority of trials had high risk of bias. Extended‐hours hemodialysis was not associated with improved QoL or mortality, or increased vascular access events. Adequately powered RCTs are needed to fully assess extended‐hours hemodialysis.
Delayed conversion from central venous catheter to non‐catheter hemodialysis access associates with an increased risk of death: A retrospective cohort study based on data from a large dialysis provider
Authors: Raimann Jochen G. , Chu Fang‐I , Kalloo Sean , Zhang Hanjie , Maddux Frank , Wang Yuedong , Kotanko Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemodialysis initiation using a central venous catheter (CVC) poses an increased risk of death. Conversion to an arterio‐venous graft or fistula (AVF, AVG) improves outcomes. The relationship of primary dialysis access and timing of conversion from CVC to either AVF or AVG to all‐cause mortality was investigated.MethodsTwo retrospective analyses in incident hemodialysis patients commencing treatment from January 2010 to December 2014 in dialysis clinics in the United States were conducted. Analysis 1 stratified as per access at initiation and those commencing with CVC were further stratified into (a) those that had a CVC, AVF, or AVG the entire year; (b) those that were converted to either AVF or AVG within either (i) the first or (ii) the second 6 months. Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed. Analysis 2 included all CVC patients investigating the relationship between access conversion time and mortality risk using a Cox proportional hazards model depicting the hazard ratio (HR) as a spline function over time.ResultsTwo subsets from initial 78,871 patients were studied. In Analysis 1 both AVF (referent) and AVG [HR 1.12 (0.97 to 1.30)] associated with a better outcome than CVC [HR 1.55 (1.38 to 1.74)] during follow‐up. Lower mortality risk was seen for early switch from a CVC to AV access within the first 6 months [HR = 1.04 (0.97–1.13)] compared to a later switch [HR = 1.23 (1.10–1.38)]. Analysis 2 indicated that a CVC to AVF switch resulted in improved survival. Analysis 2 indicated early conversion to confer a survival benefit for CVC to AVG switch.Discussion and ConclusionAVF and AVG show a survival benefit over CVC. Early conversion from CVC to either access improves survival. This emphasizes the importance of early preparation for dialysis by creation of an AVF or AVG and to convert CVCs early.
Quality of life in active surveillance for early prostate cancer
Authors: Kato Takuma , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, the prevalence of the prostate‐specific antigen screening test for early‐stage prostate cancer has increased, but this has also resulted in an increase in insignificant cancers. The treatment outcome of early‐stage prostate cancer is excellent, but such a radical treatment also leaves the patient with undesired adverse consequences. To resolve such problems, attention should be paid to active surveillance as a modern treatment option. This study aimed to systematically review the literature about quality of life in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance. Evidence was acquired from PubMed databases in March 2019 using quality of life, prostate cancer, well‐being, anxiety, depression, stress, outcomes, active surveillance, radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy as keywords. Five clinical active surveillance studies measured health‐related quality of life and related psychological factors, and seven compared active surveillance with other treatments (radical therapy and hormone therapy). Active surveillance was superior to radical therapy for urinary and sexual function. Furthermore, most patients who opted for active surveillance showed lower anxiety and fear of progression, whereas health‐related quality of life was maintained. Although active surveillance has the advantage of being non‐invasive, its diagnosis and follow‐up protocols are unreliable. Because such uncertainty can affect patients’ quality of life, utilization of imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the development of new biomarkers are required.
Efficient genome editing in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Koidou V. , Denecke S. , Ioannidis P. , Vlatakis I. , Livadaras I. , Vontas J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, causes great damage to the quality and quantity of olive production worldwide. Pest management approaches have proved difficult for a variety of reasons, a fact that has brought about a need for alternative tools and approaches. Here we report for the first time in B. oleae the development of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing tool, using the well‐known eye colour marker gene scarlet. Two synthetic guide RNAs targeting the coding region of the scarlet gene were synthesized and shown to work efficiently in vitro. These reagents were then microinjected along with purified Cas9 protein into early‐stage embryos. Successful CRISPR‐induced mutations of both copies of the scarlet gene showed a striking yellow eye phenotype, indicative of gene disruption. Multiple successful CRISPR events were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The establishment of an efficient CRISPR‐based gene editing tool in B. oleae will enable the study of critical molecular mechanisms in olive fruit fly biology and physiology, including the analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms and the discovery of novel insecticide targets, as well as facilitate the development of novel biotechnology‐based pest control strategies.
Experiences of service users with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning with Flexible Assertive Community Treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Neijmeijer Laura , Kuiper Chris , Kroon Hans , Didden Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the Netherlands, Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) teams have been established for people with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and mental health problems or challenging behaviour. Little is known yet about service users’ experiences with FACT.MethodAn inductive grounded theory approach was used to explore how service users valued the treatment and their own functioning, and which factors were perceived as supportive. Semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 service users.ResultsMost service users highly appreciated the contact with the staff and the practical and emotional support. Persistent involvement, availability and humanity, and respect for autonomy were distinguished as core values in the relationship with the staff. Most service users experienced improvement in time and attributed this to intrapersonal changes and/or less stress in life.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of service users with MID/BIF, FACT appears to have an added value.
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy through neuropeptide Y‐mediated enhancement of neurovascular microenvironment
Authors: Ou Kepeng , Copland David A. , Theodoropoulou Sofia , Mertsch Sonja , Li Youjian , Liu Jian , Schrader Stefan , Liu Lei , Dick Andrew D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of blindness. DR is principally a microvascular disease, although the pathogenesis also involves metabolic reactive intermediates which induce neuronal and glial activation resulting in disruption of the neurovascular unit and regulation of the microvasculature. However, the impact of neural/glial activation in DR remains controversial, notwithstanding our understanding as to when neural/glial activation occurs in the course of disease. The objective of this study was to determine a potential protective role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) using an established model of DR permissive to N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐induced excitotoxic apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced vascular leakage. In vitro evaluation using primary retinal endothelial cells demonstrates that NPY promotes vascular integrity, demonstrated by maintained tight junction protein expression and reduced permeability in response to VEGF treatment. Furthermore, ex vivo assessment of retinal tissue explants shows that NPY can protect RGC from excitotoxic‐induced apoptosis. In vivo clinical imaging and ex vivo tissue analysis in the diabetic model permitted assessment of NPY treatment in relation to neural and endothelial changes. The neuroprotective effects of NPY were confirmed by attenuating NMDA‐induced retinal neural apoptosis and able to maintain inner retinal vascular integrity. These findings could have important clinical implications and offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment in the early stages of DR.
FAM46C controls antibody production by the polyadenylation of immunoglobulin mRNAs and inhibits cell migration in multiple myeloma
Authors: Herrero Ana Belén , Quwaider Dalia , Corchete Luis Antonio , Mateos Maria Victoria , García‐Sanz Ramón , Gutiérrez Norma C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFAM46C, frequently mutated in multiple myeloma (MM), has recently been shown to encode a non‐canonical poly(A) polymerase (ncPAP). However, its target mRNAs and its role in MM pathogenesis remain mostly unknown. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and gene expression analysis, we found that the inactivation of FAM46C in MM down‐regulates immunoglobulins (Igs) and several mRNAs encoding ER‐resident proteins, including some involved in unfolded protein response and others that affect glycosylation. Interestingly, we show that FAM46C expression is induced during plasma cell (PC) differentiation and that Ig mRNAs encoding heavy and light chains are substrates of the ncPAP, as revealed by poly(A) tail‐length determination assays. The absence of the ncPAP results in Ig mRNA poly(A) tail‐shortening, leading to a reduction in mRNA and protein abundance. On the other hand, loss of FAM46C up‐regulates metastasis‐associated lncRNA MALAT1 and results in a sharp increase in the migration ability. This phenotype depends mainly on the activation of PI3K/Rac1 signalling, which might have significant therapeutic implications. In conclusion, our results identify Ig mRNAs as targets of FAM46C, reveal an important function of this protein during PC maturation to increase antibody production and suggest that its role as a tumour suppressor might be related to the inhibition of myeloma cell migration.
Mycosis fungoides: developments in incidence, treatment and survival
Authors: Kaufman A.E. , Patel K. , Goyal K. , O'Leary D. , Rubin N. , Pearson D. , Bohjanen K. , Goyal A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have demonstrated improved disease‐specific survival of mycosis fungoides (MF) patients over the last 50 years.ObjectiveTo analyse patterns of survival and incidence from 1973 to 2016 and determine whether apparent improvements in MF‐specific survival are due to lead‐time bias rather than improvements in treatment.MethodsWe performed an analysis of 10 155 patients diagnosed with MF from 1973 to 2016 in the United States cancer registries of SEER‐18. We also performed a literature review of papers including stage data for unselected populations of MF patients prior to 2000.ResultsIncidence of MF increased from 3.0 per million person‐years in the 1970s to 5.9 in the 2010s. For all cohorts, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (including MF) was the leading cause of death. Survival analysis demonstrated marked improvement in disease‐specific and overall survival from the 1970s to 2010s. Based on systematic review of the literature, 32%–73% of patients diagnosed prior to 2000 were diagnosed with early‐stage disease, as opposed to 81% of patients in the SEER 2000–2016 cohort (P < 0.035 for all cohorts).ConclusionsAlthough there have been improvements in MF‐related survival over the last 50 years, these may reflect improvements in our ability to diagnose early‐stage disease rather than improved treatment.
A model of Social Rehabilitation Treatment for Juveniles: Cognitive and Behavioral Perspective ‐ Practical Aspects
Authors: Siemionow Justyna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe article concerns the new model of social rehabilitation treatment of juveniles which is based on cognitive and behavioral theory. This theory is the foundation of cognitive – behavioral therapy (CBT). The main goal of this manuscript is to describe the planned and conducted actions within the process of social rehabilitation of adolescents residing at the Youth Education Center. In Poland, this institution strictly cooperates with Court. The purposes of this article are: firstly, to present the theoretical basis for the cognitive–behavioral interventions; secondly, to introduce the Youth Educational Center as an example of an individual approach to a socially maladjusted adolescent; and finally, to describe an example of a juvenile’s individual treatment and its evaluation.