bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elements of the institutionalization process of the forest and pasture commons in Romania as particular forms of social economy
Authors: Opincaru Irina‐Sînziana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Romania, the study of jointly owned property (devălmășie) has been of great interest for social scientists during the different political regimes of the country. After the fall of the communist regime and after over 50 years of state ownership, the forests and pasture commons (obști and composeorate) returned to be private property of newly established associative forms. This paper aims to identify and define the contemporary Romanian commons by reference to the general characteristics of social economy organizations. In order to achieve this and obtain a clearer view of the place of the commons in Romania's organizational environment, presentation of some elements of the commons’ institutionalization process after the fall of the communist regime is included. The data used for answering these two objectives comes from the analysis of a database comprising 328 questionnaires applied to board members of commons in Romania and various legal documents. The main argument of the paper is that the restitution process that led to the re‐establishment of the Romanian commons from public property to common private property—marked by hardships, conflicts, misunderstandings or faults—deepened the scarce knowledge of the political actors, general public and other stakeholders in regard to these organizations and perpetuated their unclear position in the organizational field.
Classification of co‐operative member shares as equity or liabilities: The case of consumer co‐operatives in South Korea
Authors: Seo Jinseon , Choi Woosuk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMember shares of co‐operatives are hybrid securities in that they have characteristics of both equity and liabilities. Prior studies propose that in order to classify hybrid securities as equity or liabilities, the economic substance of those securities should be considered. This study aims to examine whether the economic substance of member shares can be considered as equity or liabilities. Systematic risk is used as a proxy of economic substance. This study tests whether the proportion of member shares to equity is positively or negatively related to equity betas. If the test shows a negative relation, member shares can be considered to have the economic substance of equity; a positive relation implies that member shares have the substance of liabilities.The results show that the proportion of member shares to equity is significantly negatively related to systematic risk of equity, which means that member shares have equity‐like characteristics. The robustness checks taking into account the tax effect of debt support the findings more strongly that redeemable member shares play an equity‐like role in consumer co‐operatives in South Korea. Although the legal and institutional systems in Korea do not provide member shares of consumer cooperatives with a clear status as equity, member shares still show equity‐like economic substance.
Antibiotics during childhood and development of appendicitis—a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Antonsen Jacob , Hansen Susanne , Morgen Camilla S. , Jess Tine , Jorgensen Lars N. , Allin Kristine H. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundAppendicitis is a common disease with a lifespan risk of approximately 8%. The full range of specific causes for the disease remains elusive, but an aberrant microbiota have been identified as a potential risk factor.AimTo investigate if use of antibiotics in a paediatric population increases the risk of appendicitis in childhood and adolescenceMethodsWe conducted a cohort study from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2014. A total of 1 385 707 children (0‐19 years of age) including 7 406 397 antibiotic prescriptions and 11 861 cases of appendicitis were included. Primary outcome was appendicitis requiring appendectomy according to previous use of antibiotics. Appendicitis and appendectomy were identified from nationwide hospital records, and exposure to antibiotics was identified from nationwide prescription register. Rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated from Poisson and logistic regression models.ResultsChildren who received at least one course of antibiotics were at increased risk of developing appendicitis compared to unexposed children (adjusted RR 1.72 [95% confidence interval 1.61‐1.85]), mean age of developing appendicitis was 9.8 years (SD 4.1 years). The RR of appendicitis increased by 1.04 (1.04‐1.04) per antibiotic course. A higher risk of appendicitis was observed in children exposed to antibiotics within the first 6 months of life (RR 1.46 [1.36‐1.56]) and children exposed to broad‐spectrum antibiotics (RR 1.33 [1.27‐1.39]). After adjustment for number of antibiotic courses, the association between early age of antibiotic exposure and risk of appendicitis and the association between exposure to broad‐spectrum antibiotics and the risk of appendicitis both disappeared.ConclusionChildren who receive antibiotics are at increased and dose‐dependent risk of appendicitis. The underlying mechanisms merit further investigation.
Adolescents' well‐being: The role of basic needs fulfilment in family context
Authors: Lo Cricchio Maria Grazia , Costa Sebastiano , Liga Francesca 
Published: October 2020

Although there is an increasing interest in studying the relations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and well‐being, this association for both parents and adolescents has been to some extent disregarded within the self‐determination theory. The present study was aimed at testing a model of relations between father, mother, and adolescent’s perception of basic needs fulfilment and well‐being. Participants were 98 co‐living family units of mother, father, and adolescents (54% males) aged from 12 to 18 years (M = 15.11, SD = 1.44). Results confirm that basic needs fulfilment was predictive of well‐being in all participants. Moreover, the needs fulfilment of both parents seemed to play a relevant role directly on the perceived needs satisfaction of their adolescents, and indirectly on their well‐being, through the adolescent’s needs satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for the promotion of positive youth development.
The relationship of emotion regulation and negative lability with socioemotional adjustment in institutionalized and non‐institutionalized children
Authors: Sousa Mariana , Cruz Sara , Cruz Orlanda 
Published: October 2020

With this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of emotion regulation and negative lability to socioemotional adjustment in institutionalized and non‐institutionalized children. Ninety‐two children aged 6 to 10 years (45 placed in residential care after abuse and 47 non‐abused, living with their biological families) participated in this study. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were completed by the main caregivers of the institutions and by the elementary teacher, respectively, for the institutionalized and non‐institutionalized groups. No differences were observed between institutionalized and non‐institutionalized children in emotion regulation, negative lability, and socioemotional adjustment outcomes. Also, no sex and age effects were observed for both groups. Considering the institutionalized children, the length of institutionalization had a significant effect on negative lability, while no effects of the type of maltreatment on emotion regulation and negative lability were observed. Additionally, in institutionalized children, negative lability was negatively associated with peer relationship problems in socioemotional adjustment, whereas in the non‐institutionalized children, no significant associations were verified between emotion regulation and negative lability with socioemotional adjustment outcomes. For institutionalized children, emotional lability seems to have a differential impact on specific maladaptive socioemotional outcomes, which emphasizes the importance of analysing these specific risk developmental pathways.
Stochastic Volume Rendering of Multi‐Phase SPH Data
Authors: Piochowiak M. , Rapp T. , Dachsbacher C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel method for the direct volume rendering of large smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation data without transforming the unstructured data to an intermediate representation. By directly visualizing the unstructured particle data, we avoid long preprocessing times and large storage requirements. This enables the visualization of large, time‐dependent, and multivariate data both as a post‐process and in situ. To address the computational complexity, we introduce stochastic volume rendering that considers only a subset of particles at each step during ray marching. The sample probabilities for selecting this subset at each step are thereby determined both in a view‐dependent manner and based on the spatial complexity of the data. Our stochastic volume rendering enables us to scale continuously from a fast, interactive preview to a more accurate volume rendering at higher cost. Lastly, we discuss the visualization of free‐surface and multi‐phase flows by including a multi‐material model with volumetric and surface shading into the stochastic volume rendering.
Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test decreases exhaled nitric oxide level in children
Authors: Burman Janne , Malmberg Pekka , Elenius Varpu , Lukkarinen Heikki , Kuusela Tom , Mäkelä Mika , Remes Sami , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundExhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) tests have been used as diagnostic tools for asthma. Data on the impact of hyperventilation on the level of FeNO are limited.AimWe aimed to evaluate whether EVH tests affect the level of FeNO in children aged 10–16 years.MethodsA total of 234 children aged 10–16 years had a 6‐min EVH test performed. In total, FeNO values for 153 of 234 children were measured before the test and within 15 min after the test. According to a baseline FeNO level of 20 ppb, children were divided into two groups: those with low values (FeNO < 20 ppb) and those with high values (FeNO ≥ 20 ppb).ResultsThe median age of the children was 13.4 years (interquartile range 12.3–15.3 years); 58% were boys and 42% were girls. Of these children, 51% were sensitized to aeroallergens. In 101 of 153 children (66%), the FeNO values decreased after the EVH test. In children with low and high baseline levels, the median level of FeNO decreased after the EVH test: 10.5 ppb before versus 9.5 ppb after (p < .011), and 31.0 ppb before versus 28.0 ppb after (p < .011), respectively. The decrease in FeNO after EVH test was not associated with induced bronchoconstriction expressed as a change in FEV1 (Rs = .19).ConclusionsThe EVH test decreases FeNO levels. Therefore, FeNO should be measured before an EVH test is performed.
Forced oscillation measurements in patients after lobectomy – A comparative analysis with IPF and COPD patients
Authors: Kostorz‐Nosal Sabina , Jastrzębski Dariusz , Ziora Dariusz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesForced oscillation technique (FOT) is becoming increasingly widespread measurement method used for assessment of lung function. In the present study, we attempted to assess FOT values in patients after lobectomy in comparison with IPF and COPD patients.MethodsTwenty‐two patients after lobectomy due to lung cancer stage I or II, 28 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 17 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in the study. All patients performed spirometry (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MEF50, MEF25, FEF25‐75, MIF50), plethysmography (Raw, TLC, RV, RV/TLC) and a test using the forced oscillation technique‐ resistance (R at 5Hz, 11Hz and 19Hz, inspiratory, expiratory and total), reactance (Xat 5Hz, 11Hz, inspiratory, expiratory and total), Fres and expiratory flow limitation (∆X). The ANOVA Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by a multiple comparison test were used to evaluate the differences in oscillatory parameters between‐groups.ResultsPatients after lobectomy presented reduced X5, X11 and moderately increased R5, R11, R19, R5‐19, ∆X and Fres. Rinsp5 weresignificantly higher when compared with IPF patients (P = 0.001). In lobectomy patients R5, X5, X11, ∆X and Fres were significantly less affected when compared with patients with COPD (P < 0.05 for all values). R5‐19, which reflects small airways dysfunction, occurred to be similarly elevated as in COPD patients (0.5 vs 0.6 cmH2O/L/s).Abnormalities of reactance at 11Hz were observed more frequently than at 5Hz in all groups of patients.ConclusionPatients after lobectomy due to lung cancer presented FOT abnormalities, which could be caused by lung parenchymal abnormalities following recent thoracic surgery.
Diagnosis of prostate cancer in one day: The benefits of cytology in tumour detection
Authors: Compérat Eva , Renard‐Penna Raphaele , Ondet Valérie , Cancel‐Tassin Géraldine , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) is a frequent and mortal disease. The aim of this study was to introduce a “diagnosis and handling of PCa in one day” concept, accelerating the handling of PCa patients by giving diagnostic results within 3 hours with the help of prostate cytology. Standard histology served as the control.Material and methodsAfter multiparametric MRI, prostate biopsies were taken and one was used for imprint cytology on superfrost slides. The cytology samples were stained by p63/p504s double staining, a standard stain in PCa histology, followed by on‐site interpretation.ResultsAmong 129 patients, 39.5% had a prior history of PCa and were either under active surveillance or had been treated by focal therapy. The others came with suspicion of PCa. In 80.8% of the cases, the cytology and histology results agreed. In low‐grade PCa the detection with cytology was more difficult with 72.4% agreement, whereas for intermediate and high‐grade PCa the concordance with histology was 81.8 and 90%, respectively. False positive cases were less than 4.0%.ConclusionCytology of the prostate is unusual, but our study is the first to show it is feasible and gives immediate results that are satisfactory, especially in more aggressive cases. Immunocytology can be easily integrated into the laboratory. Our technique allows quicker handling of PCa, which can soften the psychological impact on men waiting for the diagnosis of PCa.
Endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary adenoma and early adenocarcinoma: Analysis of factors related to treatment outcome and long‐term prognosis
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Iida Tadashi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Hashimoto Senju , Itoh Akihiro , Ishigami Masatoshi , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThere are few reports on the long‐term prognosis of papillary tumors after endoscopic papillectomy. Here, we report a retrospective study of the therapeutic effects, long‐term prognosis, and affecting factors.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were papillary adenoma with/without an adenocarcinoma component on biopsy results and ≤10 mm intraductal extension, and the exclusion criteria were moderate to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma on biopsy results. If no residual lesion was confirmed ≥6 months after the last endoscopic treatment, remission was defined. Subsequently, follow‐up endoscopy was scheduled once a year. Surgery was required in the case of adenocarcinoma recurrence or intraductal lesions >10 mm. The rates of adverse events, remission, recurrence, and need for surgery were examined. The affecting factors were calculated.ResultsThere were a total of 253 subjects, including 65 with adenocarcinoma. Pancreatitis (7.5%), bleeding (9.1%) and perforation (2.8%) were observed as adverse events. Among 221 subjects with ≥6 months of follow‐up, 212 (95.9%) were in remission. The cumulative recurrence rate using the Kaplan–Meier analysis at 5 years was 16.9% (22 cases), with the need for surgery in 5.9% (5 cases). Intraductal extension on preoperative diagnosis was the only significant risk factor for both recurrence (P < 0.001) and the need for surgery (P = 0.005). The presence of adenocarcinoma had no significant effect.ConclusionAlthough remission was achieved in more than 95% of our patients, we observed a high rate of recurrence at the long‐term follow‐up, which was significantly associated with intraductal extension but not with the presence of adenocarcinoma.
Professionals’ experience with conscientious objection to abortion in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An interview study
Authors: Magelssen Morten , Ewnetu Demelash Bezabih 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Ethiopia, conscientious objection (CO) to abortion provision is not allowed due to government regulations. We here report findings from a qualitative interview study of 30 healthcare professionals from different professions working with abortion in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CO is practised despite the regulations forbidding it. Most informants appeared to be unfamiliar with the prohibition or else did not accord it weight in their moral reasoning. Proponents of institutionalization/toleration of CO claimed that accommodation was often feasible in a hospital setting because colleagues could take over. Opponents pointed to threats to patient access in rural settings especially. Both proponents and opponents invoked tenets of professional ethics, viz., the right not to be coerced into actions one deems unacceptable, or the duty to provide care, respectively. More societal and professional discussion of the ethics and regulation of CO, and a clearer link between legal regulation and ethical guidance for professionals, are called for.
Measuring skeletal muscle morphology and architecture with imaging modalities in children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Authors: Williams Sîan A , Stott N Susan , Valentine Jane , Elliott Catherine , Reid Siobhán L 
Published: October 2020

AimTo investigate the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodologies to assess muscle morphology and architecture in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA scoping review was conducted with systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycInfo for all original articles published up to January 2019 utilizing ultrasound and/or MRI to determine morphological and architectural properties of lower limb skeletal muscle in children with CP.ResultsEighty papers used ultrasound (n=44), three‐dimensional ultrasound (n=16), or MRI (n=20) to measure at least one muscle parameter in children and adolescents with CP. Most research investigated single muscles, predominantly the medial gastrocnemius muscle, included children classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I (n=62) and II (n=65), and assessed fascicle length (n=35) and/or muscle volume (n=35). Only 21 papers reported reliability of imaging techniques. Forty‐six papers assessed measures of Impairment (n=39), Activity (n=24), and Participation (n=3).InterpretationCurrent research study design, variation in methodology, and preferences towards investigation of isolated muscles may oversimplify the complexities of CP muscle but provide a foundation for the understanding of the changes in muscle parameters in children with CP.What this paper adds

Current evidence is biased towards the medial gastrocnemius muscle and more functionally able children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Variations in imaging techniques and joint positioning limit comparisons between studies.

Clinimetric testing of parameters of CP muscle is not always considered.

Assessment of parameter(s) of muscle with measures of participation is sparse.
Neural correlates of visual spatial selective attention are altered at early and late processing stages in human amblyopia
Authors: Mortazavi Matin , Aigner Kiera M. , Antono Jessica E. , Gambacorta Christina , Nahum Mor , Levi Dennis M. , Föcker Julia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder which results in reduced visual acuity in one eye and impaired binocular interactions. Previous studies suggest attentional deficits in amblyopic individuals. However, spatial cues which orient attention to a visual field improved performance. Here, we investigate the neural correlates of auditory‐visual spatial selective attention in amblyopia during EEG recording. An auditory cue, that was followed by the presentation of two Gabor patches presented in the lower left and right visual fields, indicated the most likely location of an upcoming target Gabor. The target Gabor differed in orientation from the more frequently presented non‐target Gabor patches. Adults with amblyopia and neurotypical observers were asked to detect the target Gabor monocularly at the cued location, while withholding their response to targets presented at the uncued location and to all non‐target Gabor patches. Higher response rates were observed for cued compared to uncued targets in both groups. However, amblyopic individuals detected targets less efficiently with their amblyopic eye as compared to their fellow eye. Correspondingly, event‐related potentials (ERPs) recorded to the onset of the non‐target Gabor patches were delayed at early processing stages (150–300 ms: posterior N100) and reduced in amplitude at later time windows (150–350 ms: P200, 300–500 ms: sustained activity) in the amblyopic eye compared to the fellow eye. Such interocular differences were not observed in neurotypical observers. These findings suggest that neural resources allocated to the early formation of visual discrimination as well as later stimulus recognition processes are altered in the amblyopic eye.
Syllogistic reasoning as a ground for the content of judgment: A line of thought from Kant through Hegel to Peirce
Authors: Stovall Preston 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper I develop Paul Redding's suggestion that Peircean abduction and Hegel's discussion of the syllogism can be seen as a working out of Kant's treatment of the reflecting power of judgment, particularly concerning its role in conceptual change. After some historical background I regiment a use of singular terms, kind terms, and predicates across Hegel's three syllogistic figures and reconstruct an account of comprehension and extension for this system suggested by Peirce. In doing so I show that reasoning according to the ampliative syllogistic figures affects the content of these three classes of terms in precise ways. I close with a treatment of inference by analogy (associated by Hegel with the third syllogistic figure) as an exercise of reflection, and I discuss two cases in the history of science, one in astronomy and the other in biology, where a reflective exercise associated with analogical inference revised our understanding of the domain in question.