bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leçon 1 du cours
Authors: Pizarro Noël François 
Published: April 2020

*Full article is in FrenchLa publication de la leçon inédite du cours de physiques des moeurs et du droit de 1899 sur les sanctions pénales permet de mieux comprendre la typologie des sanctions et responsabilités que Durkheim planifiait de déployer dans le cadre de cette dernière partie de l’éthique objective consacrée à la théorie spéciale des sanctions. Nous nous attardons plus particulièrement, dans cet article, sur la réfutation de la définition de la peine par la douleur et sur les arguments que Durkheim amène pour corriger la définition de la peine qui figure dans la DTS. Nous présentons également l’ébauche d’une typologie des sanctions négatives qui figure dans cette leçon et qui montre que la définition sociologique des sanctions pénales passe par leur comparaison avec d’autres sanctions négatives, tant répressives (publiques et privées) que restitutives (civiles). Enfin, nous soulignons l’intérêt qu’il y a à explorer certains éléments du texte, notamment les sanctions positives et l’éthique subjective qui, bien qu’ils y soient peu développés, permettraient sans doute de parfaire notre compréhension de la sociologie de la morale de Durkheim.
Georges Dumas et Marcel Mauss
Authors: Consolim Marcia 
Published: April 2020

*Full article is in FrenchEnglish abstract:
This article discusses the relationships between sociology and psychology through the dialogue between Georges Dumas and Marcel Mauss about the expression of emotions during the 1920s. Firstly, the aim is to show the affinities of their engagements concerning the disputes between human sciences and philosophy. Secondly, from an analysis of their trajectories, the aim is to show that the positions taken in the debates are associated with the positions psychologists and sociologists took inside the academic field from 1900 to 1930. Finally, the article aims to show that the dialogue between Mauss and Dumas reveals a process of sociologization of psychology rather than a psychologization of sociology, which has produced criticism from psychologists aiming to regain their lost position and from sociologists from the new generation aiming to overcome Durkheimian sociology.French abstract:
Il s’agit de discuter les rapports entre la sociologie et la psychologie à travers le dialogue entre Georges Dumas et Marcel Mauss au long des années 1920 sur l’expression des émotions et des sentiments. Le but est d’abord de montrer les affinités entre leurs engagements concernant les combats des sciences de l’homme contre la philosophie. Ensuite, à partir d’une analyse de leurs trajectoires, d’argumenter que leurs prises de position dans ce débat sont associées aux positions que les psychologues et les sociologues ont occupées dans le champ académique entre les années 1900 et 1930. Finalement, il s’agira de montrer que le dialogue entre Mauss et Dumas révèle la sociologisation de la psychologie plutôt que la psychologisation de la sociologie, et que les critiques faites à ce dialogue par les psychologues visent à regagner de l’espace perdu, alors que celles des sociologues de la nouvelle génération visent plutôt à dépasser la sociologie durkheimienne qui inspire ce dialogue.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESULTS OF FRACTURE DISTAL THIRD FEMUR TREATED WITH VARIOUS OPERATIVE MODALITIES
Authors: Meena Mithlesh Kumar , Gautam Yogesh Kumar , Jangir Lokesh , Shetty Utsav C 
Published: April 2020

Distal femoral fractures are difficult to treat and ideal treatment of such fractures will include anatomical reduction, rigid fixation of articular surfaces and early mobilization of knee joint. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the end results of surgical management of fracture of distal end of femur using various surgical modalities and analyze the complications and the causes of fractures.
Materials and methods: A Retrospective Study of 75 patients were evaluated from tertiary hospital for a period of july 2007 to July 2009. There were 75 fractures in 75 patients involving the distal femur, which were treated surgically by internal fixation using various surgical modalities.
Results: At the end of study, the cases were followed up for an average period of 15.6 months and functional results were evaluated using modified Schatzker and Lambert (1982) criteria. 36 cases were fixed with Supra Condylar nail ( SC nail), 20 cases were fixed with dynamic Condylar screw(DCS), 6 cases were fixed with Dynamic Compression Plate(DCP), 6 cases were fixed with Cancellous Screw, 4 cases were fixed with Enders Nail, 3 cases were fixed with Ext. Fixator
Conclusion; Fractures of distal femur can be very effectively treated by surgical methods. The satisfactory osteosynthesis of fractures and stable osteosynthesis is achieved by the right approach and correct surgical technique.
Keywords: distal femur fracture, internal fixation, dynamic condylar screws, supracondylar femur nail
EVALUATING THE CHANGES IN THE SPATIOTEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT WITH TONE INHIBITING ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS IN CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Yadav Nirbhay Singh , Joshi Mrinal 
Published: April 2020

Background: Tone inhibiting AFO can be there by an effective, non-invasive method of controlling deformity and reducing hypertonus of contracture musculature. This study explores the hypothesis that by reducing the instinct deforming reflexes, deformity can be corrected as well gait can be improved.
Methods: Prospective study conducted on all patients with cerebral palsy admitted to the dept. of PMR, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, who fulfill eligibility criteria and have given written informed consent, was included and evaluated.
Results: In our study phase duration increased in every phase of TUG test. During sit to stand mean change in phase duration was 0.245 + 1.012 (p=0.505), during mid turn mean change in phase duration was 0.583 + 2.998(p=.279), during end turning mean change was 0.04 + 2.24 (p=0.925) and during stand to sit phase mean change was 0.103 + 0.862 (p=0.505).
Conclusion: Our study showed improvement in distance covered by patients with TIAFO which is statistically non significant through Six Minute Walk Test which exhibits the improvement in energy efficient walking.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, TUG test, Six Minute Walk Test.
ROLE OF AYURVEDA MEDICINE WITH RELEVANCE OF LIVER CANCER
Authors: Bhatt Sonia Kukreti 
Published: April 2020

Ayurveda, the oldest Indian indigenous medicine system of plant drugs is known from very early times for preventing or suppressing various tumors using these natural drugs. And nowadays scientists are keener to researches on complementary and alternative medicine for the management of cancer. In Ayurvedic concept, according to ‘Charaka’ and ‘SushrutaSamhitas’ cancer is described as inflammatory or non-inflammatory swelling and mentioned either as ‘Granthi’ (minor neoplasm) or ‘Arbuda‘ (major neoplasm). The nervous system (Vata or air), the venous system (Pitta or fire) and the arterial system (Kapha or water) are three basics of Ayurveda and very important for normal body function. In malignant tumors all three systems get out of control (Tridoshas) and lose mutual coordination that causes tissue damage, resulting critical condition. Tridoshas cause excessive metabolic crisis resulting in proliferation.
Key words: Cancer, Charaka, Arbuda, Herbal drugs, TCM.
STUDY OF EFFICACY OF METERED DOSE INHALER (MDI) AND DRY POWDER INHALER (DPI) FOR DELIVERY OF SALBUTAMOL IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION OF ASTHMA IN PATIENTS, ATTENDING IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT, PATNA
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Seth Raj Narayan 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Metered dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer and with Dry powder inhaler (DPI) for delivery of salbutamol in acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. It is a randomized controlled trial study.
Material and Methods: A total of 78 children in the age group of 6-14 years who presented with a mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma were included in the study. Salbutamol dose of 400µg were given to all the children’s by either a MDI with spacer or a DPI in randomized pattern. All the changes in the wheezing and accessory muscle scores, Sa02, and PEFR were noted.
Results: Out of 78 children, 42 were assigned to the MDI spacer group and 36 to rotahaler (DPI) group. After receiving treatment, the PEFR improved by about 14% in both the groups. The oxygen saturation increased by 2.1% in both the groups. Within each group, the improvement in PEFR, Sa02, wheeze and accessory muscle score after the treatment was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Metered dose inhaler with spacer and Dry powder inhaler are equally effective in delivering salbutamol in therapy of mild to moderate acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children between 6-14 years of age
Keyword: DPI, Salbutamol, Treatment, Asthma, Children, MDI, PEFR
DOES LEADERSHIP STYLE INFLUENCE HEALTH STATUS OF LEADERS, AND IS IT A NEW DETERMINANT OF HEALTH?
Authors: Bourne Paul Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The discourse of health and leadership has not empirically established whether leadership styles (transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire) is a health determinant.
Objective: This study seeks to examine whether selected demographic characteristics and leadership styles are factors of self-reported general health status.
Methods and materials: A standardized questionnaire was developed to evaluate whether or not leadership styles are correlated with health status and if this should be included as a new health determinant. This was administered between August and September 2019. The population for this research was leaders who serve in Seventh-day Adventist Churches in Central Jamaica. Statistical significance was determined a p-value less than or equal to five percentage points (≤ 0.05)– two-tailed test. Multivariate analyzing (logistic binary regression) was used to model factors influencing the good health status of the sampled respondents, and exploratory factor was used to determine the suitability of the indexations such as leadership styles and self-reported health status.
Results: Three variables emerged as statistically significant predictors of self-reported good health status of leaders (transformational leadership: OR=19.241, 95%CI: 3.225-114.8, R2=47.6%; Transactional leadership: OR=0.143, 95%CI: 0.31-0.664; and age of respondents: OR=0.954, 95%CI: 0.911-0.999). Based on the Nagelkerke R Square, 48% of the variance in good health is explained by age, transactional and transformational leadership styles.
Conclusion: Leadership style is a potential determinant of health (social determinant) that offers further explanation of people’s well-being (health) that cannot be discounted any longer.
Keywords: Health determinants, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, laisses-faire leadership
Végétation culminale du Mont Ventoux, sa signification dans une interprétation phytogéographique des Préalpes Méridionales
Authors: Barbero Marcel , Quézel Pierre 
Published: April 2020

Authors describe the culminal vegetation of «Mont Ventoux» and give a new interpretation from the similar formations of the calcareous zones in the south western Alps.
On the northern slopes, Pinus uncinata, in a «série préalpine » belong to a typic subalpine vegetation on the southern slopes, Pinus uncinata is present in the superior sequency of Pinus silvestris and in the mediterranean sequency of Pinus uncinata in the oro-mediterranean level.
The degradation stades are also described, with two new alliances (PINO-JUNIPERO-CYTISION and ANTHOXANTHO-PLANTAGINION BRUTIAE). Le value of «pseudo-alpine» vegetation is discussed.
Les remontées méditerranéennes sur le versant italien des Alpes
Authors: Barbero Marcel 
Published: April 2020

Mediterranean species play an important role on the Italian slopes of the Alpes.
The author studies the geographical distribution of the principal forest and shrub mediterranean species within the vegetation levels. Two localities are defined being more frequently occupied by these species. The first lies between the Valley of Tanaro and that of Maira, the other in the zone between Lac Majeur where the mediterranean influence is attenuated and Lac Garde. Between the two sets the mediterranean species colonize arerealy very localized in outposts, pre-alpine and on the valley’s outlets where the groupments are more xeric than those at the interior. The groupments encountered recall those of mediterranean steppe formations.
Analyse dendroclimatologique comparée de quelques populations de chêne pubescent (Quercus pubescens Willd.) de la Drôme et du Var
Authors: Tessier Lucien , Pons Armand , Serre-Bachet Françoise 
Published: April 2020

Une analyse des variations annuelles de l'épaisseur des cernes du Chêne pubescent pris dans neuf populations réparties sur quatre stations à caractère méditerranéen plus ou moins marqué permet de caractériser chacune d'elles par un certain nombre de paramètres sans toutefois montrer , à l'évidence , des regroupements significatifs.
Une analyse comparée des relations de l'épaisseur des cernes et du climat mises en évidence pour chaque population distingue néanmoins les stations sur la base de leur sensibilité plus ou moins grande aux précipitations et/ou aux températures mensuelles . Il ressort des types de relations établies que le Chêne pubescent considéré ne serait peut-être pas spécialement adapté au climat méditerranéen , mais s'en accommoderait de façon tout à fait remarquable Une analyse du même type, en cours sur une vingtaine de populations réparties selon un transect nord-sud plus vaste que celui qui est considéré ici, devrait préciser les exigences réelles du Chêne pubescent et mieux cerner sa véritable nature.
Ecologie et typologie de quelques mares temporaires à Isoètes d’une région aride du Maroc occidental
Authors: Boutin C. , Lesne L. , Thiéry Alain 
Published: April 2020

For one year and half, the authors studied 4 "dayas", temporary pools, in a arid area not far from Marrakech.
The vegetation of these pools is very changing over a one year time period, and characterized by circles of ephemerophy tic plants ; this vegetation is a local facies of Isoetion described by earlier phytosociologists in other mediterranean countries.
The composition, structure and development of zoocenoses in 3 dayas are then presented comparatively. Excepting microfauna (Protozoa and Rotatoria) non described in this paper, animal population is characterized by the duality between 2 groups : Crustacea, poor in species but dominant by the number of creatures and Insects represented by a large number of populations of few animals .
Comparative remarks on geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of 4 pools and their biocenosis, suggest to the authors an hypothesis on evolution of temporary pools in this district.
A study on Douro vegetation
Authors: Rego Francisco C. 
Published: April 2020

Different classification and ordination techniques were used to study the natural vegetation of Douro region. Polar ordination (PO) , principal components analysis (PCA), reciprocal averaging (RA), detrendend correspondence analysis (DCA) were the ordination techniques used. Grouping of samples by dominance of the different Quercus sp. and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were the classification systems used.
Comparison between data records was made with TWINSPAN leading to the conclusion that there is no major difference in classifications based on presence-absence and quantitative data. Results arising from the data including only trees and that considering both trees and shrubs were not very different. Comparison of the several ordination techniques has been made in terms of the ecological meaning of its axes. PO was not so good as PCA and RA, and DCA was the best one.
In the classification by TWINSPAN, Quercus rotondifolia and Quercus pyrennaica characterize two very distinct groups. The first group can be subdivided according to the existence of Olea europea (community 1) or Arbutus unedo and Quercus suber (community 2). The second group includes two different communities : community 3 is characterized by Arbutus unedo, Quercus suber and Quercus robur and community 4 is typical of abundant Quercus pyrennaica.
Environmental gradients were studied, and precipitation was determined to provide a fairly good explanation of vegetation distribution. Elevation represents another gradient, and should be considered separately in the ecological interpretation of Douro climacic vegetation.
Holocene vegetational changes in the southern Appalachian mountains, U.S.A.
Authors: Delcourt Hazel R. 
Published: April 2020

During the late Pleistocene, tundra occurred at least as far south in the Appalachian Mountains as Cranberry Glades, West Virginia. Boreal forest of northern Diploxylon Pinus, Picea, Abies, and Larix was extensive over a wide altitudinal range in the southern Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge provinces of southwestern Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Northern hardwoods forest of Acer, Fagus, and Tsuga replaced the boreal forest at low elevations in the late-glacial period as Picea and Abies were restricted to higher elevations. By 9000 yr B.P., warm-temperate oak-chestnut forests dominated by Quercus and Castanea were widespread in the region, with cool-temperate and boreal taxa restricted to elevations generally above 1000 m and 1500 m, respectively.
Holocene paleoecological records from Sphagnum bogs and fens ranging in elevation from 500 m to over 1500 m indicate that current patterns of distribution of many rare plants in the Southern Appalachian Mountains are the result of climatic change, migrational history, past and present habitat diversity, and natural and anthropogenic disturbance history.
L'Aire minimale d'un peuplement terricole lichéno-bryophytique (Toninio-Psoretum decipientis Stodiek)
Authors: Khalife Samir 
Published: April 2020

The minimal area of a licheno-bryophytic community (Toninio-Psoretum decipientis Stodiek) is studied hy two methods :
-the method of the species-area curve ;
-the method of the mean similarity-area curve.
Only the last method proved to be satisfactory and showed the determination of the qualitative minimal area (250-500 cm2) and the quantitative minimal area (500-1000 cm2) .
Post-fire dynamics of shrubland dominated by Papilionaceae plants
Authors: Casal Mercedes 
Published: April 2020

Shrublands dominated by aphyllous Papilionaceae are commonly seral communities in the Mediterranean Region derived from degradation of climatic forest, developed on poor soils and maintained by human action. Because of their morphology, these shrublands are very susceptible to fire.
In this paper, changes after fire in different Papilionaceae (Ulex, Cytisus, Genista, Calicotome, Chamaespartium) communities are analysed, specially in France and Spain. All these communities and species show similar trends of change.
The recovery from resprout is quantitatively the most important. A few woody species became dominant in the community thanks to this recolonization system ; other species which recolonize only by seeds (Cistus or Ericaceae shrubs) became less dominant with fire. The same occurs for herbs and grasses.
The horizontal and vertical structures of the community change strongly : shrubs' height, cover and biomass increase with time. The herbaceous community shows an abundant displacement, the annual species being replaced by perennial species.
Species richness and diversity vary in a different way depending on the component : the number of annual species is unstable, whereas the diversity of perennial species progressively increases.
The maintenance of Papilionaceae shrublands is due to repeated, but not very recurrent, fires. The post-fire dynamics seems to fit Connell & Slatyer's succession model.
Effect of fire and associate heating wave on the physicochemical parameters related to the soil potential erodibility
Authors: Giovannini G. 
Published: April 2020

The common experience shows that the soils over which fire has passed appear largely degraded and profoundly eroded. The aim of this paper is an attempt to understand the primary reasons for this degradation and erosion by means of a study focused on the modifications induced by fire, and the associate heat wave on those soil parameters such as organic matter content, particle size distribution, aggregation, cementation, permeability, porosity and plasticity all associated with soil erodibility.
The high temperature developed during the fire indeed destroys all the surficial organic matter, produce a temperature gradient along the soil profile and induce an accumulation of hydrophobic substances in subsurficial layers in so reducing the water infiltration and increasing the runoff. The passage of a fire produces changes in soil texture increasing the sand and silt fractions and decreasing the clay fraction, in addition, it reduces the soil porosity and increases the bulk density.
To clarify the effect of the heat wave that accompanies the passage of a fire on the physico-chemical parameters related to the soil erodibility two soils were subjected to an artificial heating in controlled conditions.
Heating up to 220°C had only little effect on organic matter content, particle size distribution, plastic and liquid limits. Beyond this value the organic matter was burned up, the soils lost their plasticity, the sand fraction increased while the soil porosity decreased.
The aggregate stability of both soils increased continuously also when the generally acknowledged cementing agents , such as the gel forms, the organic matter and the organometallic cements were destroyed. This means that the heating promotes new forms of cementation and hardening very similar to soil laterization.
A field situation of this type, with single soil aggregates very hardened but not plastic is certainly not desirable because it may lead to massive landslides and produce more erosion than in a less cemented but more plastic and elastic soil.
Analyse pollinique d’une séquence tardi et postglaciaire à Tourves (Var, France)
Authors: Nicol-Pichard S. 
Published: April 2020

Le sondage de Tourves (Var, France) a mis à jour un épais remplissage de limons et de tourbes dont la base remonte à l’interstade tardiglaciaire.
Un diagramme pollinique montre le caractère hétérogène de la végétation tardiglaciaire. Durant l'Holocène, chênaie caducifoliée et chênaie sclérophylle connaissent une expansion simultanée au début du Boréal, avant que l 'action humaine ne favorise cette dernière.
Syntaxonomie des groupements préforestiers et steppiques de l’Algérie aride
Authors: Djebaili Salah 
Published: April 2020

The author presents a synthesis of the syntaxonomy of pre foresty and steppic groupings in arid Algeria. Characterized by a floristic diversity and a high variability of environmental conditions, the area strenches upon twenty millions hectares.
The author, concerning the vegetation enphasizes upon the distinct paralelism between, on the one hand, the ditribution of the physionomical types and on the other hand, the global aridity of climate, the geomorphological types and the soil conditions. The various studies of syntaxonomy within the ten past years did not come to a satisfactory diagnosis. That seems due to the specific structuration of groupings imbricated in a real mosaic integrating the two communities of perrenial and annual plants. This structuration being taken into account allows KAABECHE (1990) to propose, temporary, a more satisfactory diagnosis for each of the two groupings separating the annual and the perenial components.