bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of Design of Experiments Approach to Optimise Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: Rochfort Simone , Isbel Ashley , Ezernieks Vilnis , Elkins Aaron , Vincent Delphine , Deseo Myrna A. , Spangenberg German C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (CO2 SFE) is a clean and cost-effective method of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis. Using design of experiment methodologies an optimised protocol for extraction of medicinal cannabis bud material (population of mixed plants, combined THC:CBD approximately 1:1.5) was developed at a scale of one kg per extraction. Key variables investigated were CO2 flow rate, extraction time and extraction pressure. A total of 15 batches were analysed for process development using a two-level, full factorial design of experiments for three variable factors over eleven batches. The initial eleven batches demonstrated that CO2 flow rate has the most influence on the overall yield and recovery of the key cannabinoids, particularly CBD. The additional four batches were conducted as replicated runs at high flow rates to determine reproducibility. The highest extraction weight of 71 g (7.1%) was obtained under high flow rate (150 g/min), with long extraction time (600 min) at high pressure (320 bar). This method also gave the best recoveries of THC and CBD. This is the first study to report the repeated extraction of large amounts of cannabis (total 15 kg) to optimise the CO2 SFE extraction process for a pharmaceutical product.
Fecal dysbiosis associated with colonic hypersensitivity and behavioral alterations in chronically Blastocystis-infected rats
Authors: Defaye Manon , Nourrisson Céline , Baudu Elodie , Lashermes Amandine , Meynier Maëva , Meleine Mathieu , Wawrzyniak Ivan , Bonnin Virginie , Barbier Julie , Chassaing Benoit , Godfraind Catherine , Gelot Agathe , Barnich Nicolas , Ardid Denis , Bonnet Mathilde , Delbac Frédéric , Carvalho Frédéric Antonio , Poirier Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Infectious gastroenteritis is a risk factor for the development of post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). Recent clinical studies reported a higher prevalence of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis in IBS patients. Using a rat model, we investigated the possible association between Blastocystis infection, colonic hypersensitivity (CHS), behavioral disturbances and gut microbiota changes. Methods: Rats were orally infected with Blastocystis subtype 4 (ST4) cysts, isolated from human stool samples. Colonic sensitivity was assessed by colorectal distension and animal behavior with an automatic behavior recognition system (PhenoTyper), the Elevated Plus Maze test and the Forced Swimming tests. Feces were collected at different time points after infection to study microbiota composition by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing and for short-chain fatty acid (SFCA) analysis. Results: Blastocystis-infected animals had non-inflammatory CHS with increased serine protease activity. Infection was also associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Analysis of fecal microbiota composition showed an increase in bacterial richness associated with altered microbiota composition. These changes included an increase in the relative abundance of Oscillospira and a decrease in Clostridium, which seem to be associated with lower levels of SCFAs in the feces from infected rats. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that experimental infection of rats with Blastocystis mimics IBS symptoms with the establishment of CHS related to microbiota and metabolic shifts.
Single platelet variability governs population sensitivity and initiates intrinsic heterotypic responses
Authors: Jongen Maaike S. A. , MacArthur Ben D. , Englyst Nicola A. , West Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvestigations into the nature of platelet functional variety and consequences for homeostasis require new methods for resolving single platelet phenotypes. Here we combine droplet microfluidics with flow cytometry for high throughput single platelet function analysis. A large-scale sensitivity continuum was shown to be a general feature of human platelets from individual donors, with hypersensitive platelets coordinating significant sensitivity gains in bulk platelet populations and shown to direct aggregation in droplet-confined minimal platelet systems. Sensitivity gains scaled with agonist potency (convulxin > TRAP-14>ADP) and reduced the collagen and thrombin activation threshold required for platelet population polarization into pro-aggregatory and pro-coagulant states. The heterotypic platelet response results from an intrinsic behavioural program. The method and findings invite future discoveries into the nature of hypersensitive platelets and how community effects produce population level responses in health and disease.
Single-photon oxidation of C60 by self-sensitized singlet oxygen
Authors: Zhang Linqi , Wang Chong , Bao Jiming , Kalkan A. Kaan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractC60 is regarded as the most efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer. Yet, its oxidation by self-sensitized 1O2 remains unclear. The literature hints both oxygen and C60 must be at excited states to react, implying a two-photon process: first, oxygen is photosensitized (1C60•1O2); second, C60 is photoexcited (1$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\ast}$$

C

60

*

•1O2). However, this scheme is not plausible in a solvent, which would quench 1O2 rapidly before the second photon is absorbed. Here, we uncover a single-photon oxidation mechanism via self-sensitized 1O2 in solvents above an excitation energy of 3.7 eV. Using excitation spectroscopies and kinetics analysis, we deduce photoexcitation of a higher energy transient, 3$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{{\ast}{\ast}}$$

C

60

*
*

•3O2, converting to 1$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\ast}$$

C

60

*

•1O2. Such triplet-triplet annihilation, yielding two simultaneously-excited singlets, is unique. Additionally, rate constants derived from this study allow us to predict a C60 half-life of about a minute in the atmosphere, possibly explaining the scarceness of C60 in the environment.
Strain tuning of closed topological nodal lines and opposite pockets in quasi-two-dimensional α-phase FeSi2
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Gang , Kuang Minquan , Wang Xiao-Lin , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2020

α-FeSi2 is a valuable candidate for spintronics application by utilization of type I, type II, and hybrid-type topological nodal line semimetals in a single material tuned by mechanical strain.
How the Study of Speech Motor Control Can Inform Assessment and Intervention in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Case Julie , Grigos Maria 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The study of speech motor control has led to great advancements in the current understanding of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). There remains a significant need to bridge the gap between theory and practice to fully understand the clinical implications of past research.

Method
This review article reviews the speech motor control research in CAS and discusses how these works have offered key information about the underlying motor deficits (Grigos et al., 2015; Terband et al., 2019), the influence of structured practice on speech performance (Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018), and the role of task complexity (Case, 2019; Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018). We highlight salient points from this existing literature and clinical implications to the assessment and treatment of CAS.

Conclusion
The study of speech motor control has shed light on a number of key factors related to CAS. Even within perceptually accurate speech, children with CAS display differences in movement patterning and timing control. Assessment must aim to more directly tax speech motor skills to obtain a thorough and accurate illustration of production deficits. Intervention is challenged with the task of not only improving production accuracy but also facilitating more efficient motor planning and programming. Motor-based intervention that applies motor learning principles and introduces variability across motor, phonetic, and prosodic contexts is believed to achieve this goal, though research is needed to better understand changes in speech motor control with treatment.
One‐minute integrated rainfall rate statistics from a rain gauge network in Colombia: accuracy of prediction methods
Authors: Emiliani L. , Luini L. , Rolon A. 
Published: June 2020

Reliable rainfall rate complementary cumulative distributions are critical for the design of microwave communications systems operating above around 8 GHz. This Letter presents the results of the analysis of more than 5 years of 1‐minute integrated rainfall accumulation data for 12 stations. This new dataset will prove useful considering the sharing analyses that must be executed for IMT services in the 24.25–27.5, 37–43.5, 45.5–47, 47.2–48.2 and 66–71 GHz spectrum bands. The resulting statistics can complement the entries in the database of ITU‐R Study Group 3 for the region.
Design of a multimode tunable low noise amplifier for software defined radios
Authors: Aneja A. , Li X. J. 
Published: June 2020

This Letter presents the design and analysis of a tunable low noise amplifier (LNA) capable of achieving single band, dual band and wideband operations. The circuit features a modified tunable open stub matching to achieve a reconfigurable multiband response. The LNA adopts a varactor diode in the input matching stage to achieve reconfigurable modes. Two bias conditions for the varactor diode are analysed. The forward bias condition yields a wideband mode (1.6 to 2.5 GHz) and zero bias results in a concurrent dual band mode (0.9 and 1.7–2.5 GHz). In reverse bias condition, the bias voltage of varactor diode () can be tuned to achieve one single band mode (1 GHz), and a tunable concurrent dual band mode, where the first band is fixed at 1 GHz and the second band is continuously tunable from 1.7 to 2.5 GHz. The LNA is fabricated in microwave integrated circuit process on an FR‐4 board. The measured power gain is 7–15 dB and noise figure is 1.2–2.2 dB across all bands. The measured 1 dB compression () is , and at 0.9, 1 and 2.4 GHz, respectively.
Real‐time simulation device for mean arterial pressure of hypotensive patient subjected phenylephrine infusion
Authors: Coelho M.S. , Silva S.J. , Boschi S.R.M.S. , Rodrigues S.C.M. , Scardovelli T.A. , Barbuy H.S. , Silva A.P. 
Published: June 2020

This Letter presents the implementation in a hardware device of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) response model of patients subjected to the infusion of the vasoconstrictor drug phenylephrine, enabling the development of automatic control systems in the future. The proposed model was firstly developed in a software platform with Simulink/MatLab using block libraries based on previous research carried out with animals and then implemented on hardware using a single‐board computer with microcontroller and code generated in C/C++. The responses of MAP were simulated and compared using the proposed software and hardware model, considering the dynamic effects of several patients. The results showed that the hardware model presented 0.43% as the largest absolute percentage error observed in all trials, for an injection rate of the drug varying in steps with levels of 40 ml/h
Pareto‐optimal design of UHF antenna using modified non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II
Authors: Bin Feng , Wang Feng , Chen She , Sun Qiuqin , Zhong Lipeng , Lin Shu 
Published: June 2020

In this study, the ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) antenna for partial discharge (PD) detection is optimised to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of low return loss and high fidelity factor (FF) in the frequency band of interest by using the modified non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (MNSGA‐II). Based on the labour division strategy, the MNSGA‐II adopts an adaptive crossover and mutation possibilities instead of the fixed ones, resulting in the significant improvement of convergence rate and exploration ability. One of the Pareto‐optimal solutions is presented as the authors’ proposed UHF antenna, whose performance is compared with those of both the antenna optimised by genetic algorithm and the existing wideband antennas. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna with a compact size of 0.201 λL × 0.198 λL realises the reflection coefficient less than −10 dB from 490 MHz to 1.52 GHz, and its FFs in the face‐to‐face and side‐by‐side scenarios are 0.897 and 0.845, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation results reveal that the high FF of antenna greatly increases the accuracy of PD source localisation. It indicates that the MNSGA‐II provides an excellent solution to the multiobjective optimisation problems in antenna design.
Chirurgie des Zwerchfells
Authors: Sklenar Stephan , Eggeling Stephan 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Zwerchfell befindet sich im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes im Randbereich verschiedener chirurgischer Disziplinen. Die Grundprinzipien der Chirurgie des Zwerchfells werden daher meist auch nur am Rande oder im Rahmen anderer Erkrankungen abgehandelt. In diesem Artikel soll nun das Zwerchfell in das Zentrum der Betrachtungen gerückt werden und chirurgische Aspekte von dessen häufigsten Erkrankungszuständen beleuchtet werden.
Robotische Ösophaguresektion (RAMIE) – Setup, Port Placement, strukturierte OP-Schritte
Authors: Möller Thorben , Becker Thomas , Reichert Benedikt , Egberts Jan-Hendrik 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie roboterassistierte Ösophagusresektion (RAMIE) kann insbesondere im thorakalen Teil der Operation die Limitationen der konventionellen minimalinvasiven Chirurgie überwinden. Durch mehr Freiheitsgrade der Bewegung und verbesserte Sicht ist insbesondere die Anastomosenanlage im robotischen Vorgehen einfacher. In der vorliegenden Arbeit stellen wir unsere etablierte RAMIE-Technik sowie die Anlage einer Dünndarmernährungssonde am Da-Vinci-Xi®-System vor. Diese unterscheidet sich insbesondere durch die nur partielle Bildung des Magenschlauches abdominell sowie die Durchführung einer End-zu-Seit-Anastomose mit Zirkularstapler und kompletter Übernähung von anderen publizierten Techniken.
Rektumkarzinom – Robotic Setup, Port Placement, strukturierte OP-Schritte
Authors: Türler Andreas , Loriz Haug-Lambert , Schröder Tatjana , Cerasani Nicola 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie robotische tiefe anteriore Rektumresektion beim Rektumkarzinom findet zunehmend Verbreitung in Europa. Es ergeben sich sowohl onkologisch als auch funktionell potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber dem konventionellen laparoskopischen Zugang. Die neue Generation der Operationsroboter, insbesondere das Da-Vinci-Xi-System von Intuitive, erweitert die Möglichkeiten des robotischen Zuganges, insbesondere bei der Mobilisation der linken Kolonflexur. Dementsprechend kann die tiefe anteriore Resektion sicher, komplikationsarm und ohne Hybridunterstützung robotisch durchgeführt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden das Setup des Roboters, das Port Placement und die Operationsschritte bei der robotischen tiefen anterioren Resektion beschrieben. Hierbei werden sowohl die Besonderheiten des Da-Vinci-Xi- als auch des -X-Systems hervorgehoben. Potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber dem laparoskopischen Zugang durch eine bessere 3-dimensionale Visualisierung des Operationssitus durch eine Erhöhung der Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade und durch eine erhöhte Präzision der Instrumentenführung können zu verbesserten Resultaten der Rektumchirurgie führen. Bisher ist die Evidenz allerdings zu schwach, um die robotische tiefe anteriore Rektumresektion als Standardzugang beim Rektumkarzinom zu empfehlen.
Discharging Medically Complex Infants with Supplemental Nasogastric Tube Feeds: Impact on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay and Prevention of Gastrostomy Tubes
Authors: Mago-Shah Deesha D. , Malcolm William F. , Greenberg Rachel G. , Goldstein Ricki F. 
Published: June 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of discharge with supplemental nasogastric tube (NGT) feeds in medically complex infants.
Study Design Cohort study of 400 infants enrolled in the Transitional Medical Home (TMH) program at Duke University Level IV neonatal intensive care unit from January 2013 to 2017.
Results Among 400 infants enrolled in the TMH, 57 infants were discharged with an NGT. A total of 45 infants with a variety of diagnoses and comorbidities were included in final analysis. Among 45 infants, 5 obtained a gastrostomy tube (GT) postdischarge. Median (25–75th percentile) length of use of NGT in 40 infants was 12 days (4–37). Excluding four outliers who used NGT for ≥140 days, the median length of use was 8 days (3–24). This extrapolates to a median of 288 hospital days saved for the remaining 36 infants. There were only three emergency room visits related to parental concern for incorrect NGT placement. There was no statistically significant difference in percent oral feeding predischarge or growth in first month postdischarge between infants who orally fed versus those who obtained GTs.
Conclusion Discharge with supplemental NGT feeds is safe and feasible utilizing a standardized protocol and close postdischarge follow-up. This practice can decrease length of stay and prevent need for GT.
Key Points
Ethical Issues in Pediatric Regulatory Studies Involving Placebo Treatment
Authors: Rose Klaus , Neubauer David , Grant-Kels Jane M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeparate pediatric studies for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) emerged with general separate drug approval in children and were defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as <17 years and by the European Union (EU) as <18 years. These administrative age limits are necessary in pediatrics, but they correspond variably with the physiological maturity of young patients and are not helpful for therapeutic decisions or as study inclusion criteria. AEDs are often effective for partial onset seizures (POS) in 2 to 17-year-olds as well as in ≥18-year-olds, if dosed correctly. Separate pediatric AED studies assume no difference between the legal and the physiological meaning of the word “child.” While the FDA now accepts efficacy of AEDs in POS in children ≥2 years, the EU still requires separate “pediatric” studies. For retigabine it waived all pediatric studies after having required 20 such studies over several years. We feel the current regulation creates a situation where many studies in children are done unnecessarily; we question the ethics of such an approach, which in our view, is morally wrong. Critical publications contributed to the FDA's shift of opinion for AEDs in POS but did not address the blur of different meanings of the word “child.”
Implementation of an Intravenous Fluid Titration Algorithm to Treat Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Babbitt Christopher , Dadios Marc , Chau Ariya , Tse Graham , Brown Lisa , Ladbury Tracy , Morphew Tricia , Brakin Mario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit and many centers utilize the “two-bag system” to treat DKA. We developed an intravenous fluid (IVF) titration algorithm to standardize adjustments of the two bags. A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing 155 patients treated before and 175 patients treated after implementation of the IVF titration algorithm. Postimplementation patients reached the blood glucose target zone faster and had a higher probability of remaining at goal while on insulin infusion. There was no significant difference in incidence of cerebral edema or hypoglycemia between study groups. Overall IVF titration algorithm compliance was 95%. Implementation of an IVF titration algorithm is safe and effective when treating DKA in children.
Balanced Double Aortic Arch Causing Persistent Respiratory Symptoms Mimicking Asthma in an Infant
Authors: Temur Hafize Otcu , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Ugurlucan Murat , Yazan Hakan , Cakir Erkan , Yozgat Yilmaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDouble aortic arch (DAA) is a common form of complete vascular ring. The condition leads to airway obstruction and compression of the esophagus. A balanced type of DAA is an extremely rare anomaly. The anatomical aberration cannot be easily distinguished by transthoracic echocardiography when an infant has chronic respiratory distress. Herein we presented a case of an 11-month-old infant who had chronic respiratory distress and a balanced type of DAA.
Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Terzi Francesca , Cefarelli Mariano , Fattori Rossella , Di Eusanio Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ominous infectious disease that seems capable to attack any organ system, leading in the most severe cases to patient death. COVID-19 has been associated with multiple cardiovascular complications of inflammatory and immune origin, leading to a wide spectrum of vascular damage, myocardial injury, stroke, and pulmonary obstruction. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma.
A simple method for measuring inequality
Authors: Sitthiyot Thitithep , Holasut Kanyarat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo simultaneously overcome the limitation of the Gini index in that it is less sensitive to inequality at the tails of income distribution and the limitation of the inter-decile ratios that ignore inequality in the middle of income distribution, an inequality index is introduced. It comprises three indicators, namely, the Gini index, the income share held by the top 10%, and the income share held by the bottom 10%. The data from the World Bank database and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Income Distribution Database between 2005 and 2015 are used to demonstrate how the inequality index works. The results show that it can distinguish income inequality among countries that share the same Gini index but have different income gaps between the top 10% and the bottom 10%. It could also distinguish income inequality among countries that have the same ratio of income share held by the top 10% to income share held by the bottom 10% but differ in the values of the Gini index. In addition, the inequality index could capture the dynamics where the Gini index of a country is stable over time but the ratio of income share of the top 10% to income share of the bottom 10% is increasing. Furthermore, the inequality index could be applied to other scientific disciplines as a measure of statistical heterogeneity and for size distributions of any non-negative quantities.