bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of combining CD133 and mismatch repair proteins in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Qiu Wei , Liu Haoyu , Li Tian , Ye Hua , Li Yateng , Xu Xiang , Chen Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prognostic value of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a hot topic in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) research. CD133 has been identified as an important colorectal CSC marker, but its prognostic significance remains controversial. Recently, studies have reported a possible functional link between CSCs and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. However, the relationship between CRC stemness and MMR proteins remains little explored, and whether the predictive role of CD133 is affected by MMR proteins is still unknown. The aim of our study is to investigate the influence of MMR proteins on the predictive significance of CD133 in terms of CRC patient survival and to further analyze the correlation between MMR proteins and cancer stemness. In our study, we didn't observe the prognostic value of CD133 in CRC patients. However, we demonstrated that in patients with low expression of MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 and MLH1, especially MSH6, CD133 was an effective prognostic biomarker. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between MSH6 and CD133 expression. In vitro studies supported our clinical data and showed that the expression of cancer‐associated stemness markers CD133, BMI‐1, OCT‐4 and SOX‐2 was significantly decreased in siRNA‐MSH6/MLH1 CRC cells. Thus, our results demonstrated that MMR proteins might play an important role in modulating the stemness of CRC cells. MMR proteins might be a crucial determinant that can help to accurately identify tumour subclones that may benefit from using the CSC marker CD133 as a prognostic marker.
Lysogeny in the oceans: Lessons from cultivated model systems and a reanalysis of its prevalence
Authors: Tuttle Matthew J. , Buchan Alison 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the oceans, viruses that infect bacteria (phages) influence a variety of microbially mediated processes that drive global biogeochemical cycles. The nature of their influence is dependent upon infection mode, be it lytic or lysogenic. Temperate phages are predicted to be prevalent in marine systems where they are expected to execute both types of infection modes. Understanding the range and outcomes of temperate phage–host interactions is fundamental for evaluating their ecological impact. Here, we (i) review phage‐mediated rewiring of host metabolism, with a focus on marine systems, (ii) consider the range and nature of temperate phage–host interactions, and (iii) draw on studies of cultivated model systems to examine the consequences of lysogeny among several dominant marine bacterial lineages. We also readdress the prevalence of lysogeny among marine bacteria by probing a collection of 1239 publicly available bacterial genomes, representing cultured and uncultivated strains, for evidence of complete prophages. Our conservative analysis, anticipated to underestimate true prevalence, predicts 18% of the genomes examined contain at least one prophage, the majority (97%) were found within genomes of cultured isolates. These results highlight the need for cultivation of additional model systems to better capture the diversity of temperate phage–host interactions in the oceans.
Intubation practices for children in emergency departments and intensive care units across Australia and New Zealand: A survey of medical staff
Authors: George Shane , Long Elliot , Gelbart Ben , Dalziel Stuart R , Babl Franz E , Schibler Andreas ,   Paediatric Critical Care Research Group (PCCRG), Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG) and Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) research networks
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveIntubation of children in the emergency setting is a high‐risk, low incidence event. Standardisation of clinical practice has been hampered by a lack of high‐quality evidence to support one technique over another. The aim of the present study is to determine clinician preference in intubation practice of children in EDs and ICUs in Australia and New Zealand to provide baseline information to allow future targeted research focused on improving the safety and efficacy of paediatric emergency airway management.MethodsThe present study was a voluntary questionnaire undertaken by medical staff at registrar level or above in EDs and ICUs associated with the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) and Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG) research networks. Respondents reported on their individual intubation practices, with a focus on pre‐oxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation techniques, and the use of video laryngoscopy.ResultsA total of 502 clinicians were invited to complete the survey between May and October 2018 with 336 (66.9%) responded. There was marked variation in practice between ED clinicians and ICU clinicians in the techniques used for pre‐oxygenation, the frequency of use of apnoeic oxygenation and the reported use of video laryngoscopy.ConclusionsWithin Australia and New Zealand there is considerable variation in paediatric emergency airway clinical practice, in particular with respect to pre‐oxygenation, apnoeic oxygenation and use of video laryngoscopy. Definitive clinical trials are required to best inform clinical practice in this area.
Battlefield acupuncture added no benefit as an adjunct analgesic in emergency department for abdominal, low back or limb trauma pain
Authors: Jan Andrew L , Aldridge Emogene S , Visser Eric J , Rogers Ian R , Hince Dana A , Woosey Michael V , Bulsara Max K , Suen Lorna KP 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo ascertain whether ear acupuncture (modified Battlefield technique) as an adjunct (Adj‐BFA) to standard analgesia care (SAC) significantly reduces pain scores compared with sham acupuncture (Adj‐Sham) or SAC alone, when delivered by medical and nursing practitioners in an ED.MethodsA randomised controlled trial using a convenience sample of 90 patients attending an ED with acute abdominal, limb trauma or low back pain were allocated to three treatment arms: Adj‐BFA, Adj‐Sham and SAC. The primary outcome of change in pain scores out‐of‐10 (NPRS‐10) from triage were assessed immediately after intervention and at 1 and 2 h post‐intervention. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients reporting ‘adequate analgesia’ or ≥30% reduction in pain score, analgesic medication use (in morphine equivalent dose [milligrammes]), analgesics and needle costs (Australian dollars), adverse effects and patient satisfaction (Likert scale).ResultsThere was no significant difference in pain scores (P = 0.582) or secondary outcomes measures between Adj‐BFA, Adj‐Sham and SAC.ConclusionThe present study on 90 patients did not show a significant difference in analgesia outcomes in the first 2 h using Adj‐BFA for acute pain in the ED, and there were no significant differences for secondary outcomes between treatment arms. Given the mixed results of recent BFA trials, further research using the original BFA technique on different painful conditions, as either stand‐alone or as‐adjunct to non‐opioid analgesia are needed before BFA can be recommended as a technique for acute pain management in the ED.
The Mask of Cicero: Jonathan Swift, Classical Rhetoric and A Modest Proposal
Authors: Hedrick Elizabeth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSwift's attachment to ancient learning has long been regarded as a settled matter. The Modest Proposal has been seen as reflecting this attachment through its use of a Ciceronian rhetorical model to enable the work’s irony. Reading the Proposal in the broader context of Swift’s prose non‐fiction works, however, suggests that Swift’s experience as an Irish political writer caused him to question the connection between classical rhetorical models and political power. Against this background, the hyper‐regular structure of the Proposal is as much the object of Swift’s satire as an enabler of it.
Incorporating alternative interaction modes, forbidden links and trait‐based mechanisms increases the minimum trait dimensionality of ecological networks
Authors: Kiziridis Diogenis A. , Boddy Lynne , Eastwood Daniel C. , Yuan Chenggui , Fowler Mike S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Individual‐level traits mediate interaction outcomes and community structure. It is important, therefore, to identify the minimum number of traits that characterise ecological networks, that is, their ‘minimum dimensionality’. Existing methods for estimating minimum dimensionality often lack three features associated with increased trait numbers: alternative interaction modes (e.g. feeding strategies such as active vs. sit‐and‐wait feeding), trait‐mediated ‘forbidden links’ and a mechanistic description of interactions. Omitting these features can underestimate the trait numbers involved, and therefore, minimum dimensionality. We develop a ‘minimum mechanistic dimensionality’ measure, accounting for these three features.

The only input our method requires is the network of interaction outcomes. We assume how traits are mechanistically involved in alternative interaction modes. These unidentified traits are contrasted using pairwise performance inequalities between interacting species. For example, if a predator feeds upon a prey species via a typical predation mode, in each step of the predation sequence, the predator's performance must be greater than the prey's. We construct a system of inequalities from all observed outcomes, which we attempt to solve with mixed integer linear programming. The number of traits required for a feasible system of inequalities provides our minimum dimensionality estimate.

We applied our method to 658 published empirical ecological networks including primary consumption, predator–prey, parasitism, pollination, seed dispersal and animal dominance networks, to compare with minimum dimensionality estimates when the three focal features are missing. Minimum dimensionality was typically higher when including alternative interaction modes (54% of empirical networks), ‘forbidden interactions’ as trait‐mediated interaction outcomes (92%) or a mechanistic perspective (81%), compared to estimates missing these features. Additionally, we tested minimum dimensionality estimates on simulated networks with known dimensionality. Our method typically estimated a higher minimum dimensionality, closer to the actual dimensionality, while avoiding the overestimation associated with a previous method.

Our method can reduce the risk of omitting traits involved in different interaction modes, in failure outcomes or mechanistically. More accurate estimates will allow us to parameterise models of theoretical networks with more realistic structure at the interaction outcome level. Thus, we hope our method can improve predictions of community structure and structure‐dependent dynamics.
Understanding the public debate about trophy hunting in China as a rural development mechanism
Authors: Zhou X. , MacMillan D. C. , Zhang W. , Wang Q. , Jin Y. , Verissimo D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of trophy hunting as a wildlife management option has been a highly controversial topic, especially in southern Africa, but trophy hunting has historically also taken place also throughout Asia. In China, trophy hunting was the topic of intense public discussion more than a decade ago, leading ultimately to the suspension of this practice in 2006. Yet, this debate was dominated by urban voices, with no formal consultation of rural populations from minorities such as the Tibetan herders who previously benefited financially from commercial trophy hunting acting as guides and who are also concerned about the negative impact of rising blue sheep numbers on livestock grazing. We used a discrete choice experiment econometric method to better understand the trade‐offs made by both urban and rural populations across China in relation trophy hunting as a rural development and wildlife management tool. We find that trophy hunting is supported by the majority of rural residents but opposed by most urban residents, although there is heterogeneity within both these groups. We recommend that policy‐making in this realm should be informed by a better understanding of the preferences of different stakeholders, including the local people who bear the costs of living with wildlife.
Optimal antimicrobial concentration of mixed antibiotic pastes in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from root dentin
Authors: Dewi Anat , Upara Chawin , Krongbaramee Tadkamol , Louwakul Phumisak , Srisuwan Tanida , Khemaleelakul Saengusa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to identify the optimal concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) that could completely eradicate Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules. One hundred and ninety extracted human premolars inoculated with E. faecalis were medicated with calcium hydroxide and mixed antibiotic pastes (TAP, mTAP and DAP at 0.1, 1.25, 5, 10 and 20 mg mL−1 of each drug) for seven days before being frozen, pulverised and cultured. Specimens treated with the lowest concentration of the mixed antibiotics capable of eradicating E. faecalis were examined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy to confirm the eradication of the microbial. TAP at 10 mg mL−1 of each drug was able to completely eliminate bacteria inside dentinal tubules, whereas mTAP and DAP required 20 mg mL−1 of each drug. Calcium hydroxide was not effective in eradicating E. faecalis inside dentinal tubules.
Genotyping complex structural variation at the malaria‐associated human glycophorin locus using a PCR‐based strategy
Authors: Algady Walid , Weyell Eleanor , Mateja Daria , Garcia André , Courtin David , Hollox Edward J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStructural variation in the human genome can affect risk of disease. An example is a complex structural variant of the human glycophorin gene cluster, called DUP4, which is associated with a clinically significant level of protection against severe malaria. The human glycophorin gene cluster harbours at least 23 distinct structural variants, and accurate genotyping of this complex structural variation remains a challenge. Here, we use a polymerase chain reaction‐based strategy to genotype structural variation at the human glycophorin gene cluster, including the alleles responsible for the U– blood group. We validate our approach, based on a triplex paralogue ratio test, on publically available samples from the 1000 Genomes project. We then genotype 574 individuals from a longitudinal birth cohort (Tori‐Bossito cohort) using small amounts of DNA at low cost. Our approach readily identifies known deletions and duplications, and can potentially identify novel variants for further analysis. It will allow exploration of genetic variation at the glycophorin locus, and investigation of its relationship with malaria, in large sample sets at minimal cost, using standard molecular biology equipment.
Education, occupation and operational measures of sarcopenia: Six years of Australian data
Authors: Brennan‐Olsen Sharon L. , Vogrin Sara , Balogun Saliu , Wu Feitong , Scott David , Jones Graeme , Hayes Alan , Phu Steven , Duque Gustavo , Beauchamp Alison , Talevski Jason , Naureen Ghazala , Winzenberg Tania M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine associations of education and occupation with handgrip strength (HGS), lower limb strength (LLS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM).MethodsMeasures of HGS, LLS and ALM (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were ascertained at baseline in 1090 adults (50‐80 years, 51% women), ~3 and 5 years. Education and occupation were self‐reported, the latter categorised as high‐skilled white collar (HSWC), low‐skilled white collar (LSWC) or blue collar. Separate general estimating equations were performed.ResultsThe highest education group had greater HGS than the middle (0.33 psi) and lowest (0.48 psi) education groups, and 0.34 kg greater ALM than the lowest education group. HGS was 0.46 psi greater for HSWC than LSWC groups. Compared to LSWC groups, LLS was 5.38 and 7.08 kg greater in HSWC and blue‐collar groups. Blue‐collar and HSWC groups each had ~ 0.60‐0.80kg greater ALM than LSWC.ConclusionProgressive muscle loss can be prevented by targeted intervention; thus, we suggest clinical attention be directed towards specific social groups.
Mechanisms of long non‐coding RNA function in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Poursheikhani Arash , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally. Although a variety of CRC screening methods have been developed, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of CRC with tumor invasion and distance metastasis. Several studies have suggested the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as one of the main contributors in CRC tumorigenesis, although the exact underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in CRC is still unknown. Numerous studies have indicated aberrant expression of lncRNAs in CRC through different modes of action such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair response, drug‐resistance, migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, lncRNA polymorphisms can influence the risk of CRC development. Accordingly, lncRNAs can be served as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also desired therapeutic targets affecting the outcome of patients with CRC. In this review, we summarized the updated and novel evidence that identifies different roles of lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of CRC.
Production and characterization of haploidentical CD19 CAR T cells: Validated to induce a continuous complete remission in a patient with relapsed refractory B‐cell ALL
Authors: Prasongtanakij Somsak , Anurathapan Usanarat , Vanichapol Thitinee , Jittorntrum Bunyada , Atjanasuppat Korakot , Pongpitcha Pongpak , Pakakasama Samart , Songdej Duantida , Sirachainan Nongnuch , Paisooksantivatana Karan , Borwaornpinyo Suparerk , Andersson Borje S. , Hongeng Suradej 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to design and manufacture CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells for clinical use in Thailand, as a model for how this technology can be directly applied at individual institutions treating high‐risk leukemia patients.MethodsWe constructed second‐generation CAR T cells expressing CD19 scFV‐CD28‐CD3ζ with different lengths of the spacer region: full, intermediate, and short length, by using a lentiviral vector. We wanted to determine whether the difference in length of the spacer would affect the cytotoxic potential of the CD19 CAR T cells against the leukemic cells.ResultsWe found that all constructs of CD19 CAR T cells exhibited a similar level of cytotoxicity against several human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. For the clinical application, we chose the intermediate length spacer construct CD19 CAR T cells, hypothesizing that the highest transduction efficiency coupled with a slower initial proliferation in vitro might lead to effective leukemic cell kill, yet a lower probability for serious clinical side effects. We then tested the clinical efficacy of our CD19 CAR T cells in one patient with refractory/relapsed acute B‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia. This patient indeed had minimal clinical side effects after the CAR T‐cell infusion, and he remains in an unmaintained, ongoing complete remission 10+ months after his T‐cell treatment.ConclusionOur CD19 CAR T cells demonstrated efficacies in acute lymphoblastic B‐cell leukemia, and will be used to establish an immunotherapeutic program for high‐risk B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Thailand. We propose that this approach can be used as a model for how this new exciting technology can be applied directly at individual institutions that treat (a large number of) patients with high‐risk leukemia.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its effect on gametogenesis and early pregnancy
Authors: Singh Bhuchitra , Gornet Megan , Sims Holly , Kisanga Edwina , Knight Zachary , Segars James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection and pregnancy has been the topic of hundreds of publications over the last several months; however, few studies have focused on the implications of infection in early pregnancy and reproductive tissues. Here, we analyzed available evidence pertaining to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, in early pregnancy, and in reproductive tissues. We searched PubMed and Embase databases in accordance with guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) for publications from inception to June 4, 2020. Four reviewers screened titles and abstracts and obtained full‐text articles for analysis. Sixty‐two studies were included in the review. Biological plausibility for infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 exists in testis, ovaries, and placenta as they express ACE2 receptor activity. In males, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could lead to functional abnormalities leading to spermatogenic failure and male infertility. In females, an alteration of the ACE2 cascade via SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could lead to impairment in important follicular and luteal processes. There is also evidence of significant placental pathology in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but it is unclear what effects there may be for early pregnancy, though available data suggest less severe effects compared to other respiratory virus outbreaks. Further investigation is needed regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 in reproductive function and early pregnancy.
Lipiodol flush under ultrasound guidance in Australia
Authors: Sekhon Jasmin , Lee Emmeline , Lo Glen , Woolcock Jane , Ramkrishnan Jayshree , Menezes Melody , Tan Shawn , Meagher Simon , Murphy Anthony 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundLipiodol tubal flushing is offered to select subfertile women primarily to confirm tubal patency and to increase pregnancy rates.AimsTo investigate the safety of hystero‐salpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using Lipiodol flush (through frequency of adverse events and mean recalled pain score) and secondarily to quantify pregnancy rates.Materials and MethodsRetrospective observational Phase 1 study of subfertile women in three centres across Australia between June 2017 and June 2019. Cases were identified from medical records, and women telephoned to assess adverse outcomes, procedure tolerability and confirm pregnancy outcomes within six months from procedure.ResultsA total of 325 cases were identified; 14 were excluded due to incomplete or abandoned procedure, 32 were lost to follow‐up, leaving 279 for analysis. Fourteen women (5% overall) experienced mild vasovagal reactions, with one case of infection and no reports of anaphylaxis or allergy. There were 141 conceptions reported (51%) within six months after Lipiodol flush, and an ongoing pregnancy in 43% (119) of women. For women with ongoing pregnancies, 55% (78/119) conceived spontaneously, and 45% (63/119) via artificial reproductive technology. Mean recalled pain score was 5.7 (SD 3.2; range 0‐10) at a single site.ConclusionsThis Phase 1 study has indicated that Lipiodol flush using HyCoSy may be a safe and efficacious alternative to hysterosalpingography in the workup for infertility. The low adverse effect profile observed in this study coupled with a substantial ongoing pregnancy rate indicates that further investigation of Lipiodol under HyCoSy is warranted.