bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptonigrin at low concentration promotes heterochromatin formation
Authors: Loyola Andre C. , Dao Kevin , Shang Robin , Zhang Lin , Dutta Pranabananda , Fowler Cody , Li Jinghong , Li Willis X. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeterochromatin is essential for regulating global gene transcription and protecting genome stability, and may play a role in tumor suppression. Drugs promoting heterochromatin are potential cancer therapeutics but very few are known. In order to identify drugs that can promote heterochromatin, we used a cell-based method and screened NCI drug libraries consisting of oncology drugs and natural compounds. Since heterochromatin is originally defined as intensely stained chromatin in the nucleus, we estimated heterochromatin contents of cells treated with different drugs by quantifying the fluorescence intensity of nuclei stained with Hoechst DNA dye. We used HeLa cells and screened 231 FDA-approved oncology and natural substance drugs included in two NCI drug libraries representing a variety of chemical structures. Among these drugs, streptonigrin most prominently caused an increase in Hoechst-stained nuclear fluorescence intensity. We further show that streptonigrin treated cells exhibit compacted DNA foci in the nucleus that co-localize with Heterochromatin Protein 1 alpha (HP1α), and exhibit an increase in total levels of the heterochromatin mark, H3K9me3. Interestingly, we found that streptonigrin promotes heterochromatin at a concentration as low as one nanomolar, and at this concentration there were no detectable effects on cell proliferation or viability. Finally, in line with a previous report, we found that streptonigrin inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, raising the possibility that non-canonical STAT function may contribute to the effects of streptonigrin on heterochromatin. These results suggest that, at low concentrations, streptonigrin may primarily enhance heterochromatin formation with little toxic effects on cells, and therefore might be a good candidate for epigenetic cancer therapy.
Comparative transcriptomics of the pheromone glands provides new insights into the differentiation of sex pheromone between two host populations of Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Guo Shuang , Tian Zhong , Quan Wei-Li , Sun Dan , Liu Wen , Wang Xiao-Ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReproductive isolation between different host populations is often based on intraspecific sex pheromone differences. The mechanisms underlying these differences have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Previous studies suggested that Chilo suppressalis has differentiated into rice and water-oat host populations, and these two populations manifest clear differences in sex pheromone titer and mating rhythm. Hence, this moth is an ideal model to investigate the endogenous mechanisms of intraspecific reproductive isolation. Here, we identified a series of putative genes associated with sex pheromone biosynthesis based on the C. suppressalis pheromone gland transcriptome data. Transcripts of most genes were at higher level in the rice population. Then we obtained 11 pivotal differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The expression levels of these DEGs exhibited a distinct increase in the rice population. Moreover, we also observed the expression rhythm of these DEGs is discrepant between two host populations. Our study offers a new understanding to elucidate the mechanisms of intraspecific reproductive isolation.
Heritability of Inner Retinal Layer and Outer Retinal Layer Thickness: The Healthy Twin Study
Authors: Kong Mingui , Hwang Sungsoon , Ko Hyeonyoung , Song Yun-Mi , Ham Don-Il 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the heritability of inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL) thicknesses in the healthy Korean population. This was a cross-sectional, twin and family study. We included 374 Korean adults with healthy eyes from 89 families. IRL thickness (from the internal limiting membrane to the external limiting membrane) and ORL thickness (from the external limiting membrane to the outer border of the retinal pigment epithelium layer) were measured in the nine macular subfields as defined by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study using optical coherence tomography. The heritability on IRL and ORL thicknesses were investigated using a variance decomposition model. The heritability of IRL thickness was 0.87, 0.58, 0.85, 0.89, and 0.74 for the central, inner superior, inner inferior, inner temporal, inner nasal subfields, respectively; and 0.62, 0.83, 0.62, and 0.60 for the outer superior, outer inferior, outer temporal, outer nasal subfields, respectively. The heritability of ORL thickness was 0.56, 0.75, 0.66, 0.72, and 0.56 for the central, inner superior, inner inferior, inner temporal, inner nasal subfields, respectively; and 0.64, 0.63, 0.73, 0.54 for the outer superior, outer inferior, outer temporal, and outer nasal subfields, respectively. The heritability estimates of IRL thickness and ORL thickness ranged from moderate to high. The IRL thickness at the central, inner temporal, and inner inferior subfields had particularly high heritability.
Comprehensive evaluation of the risk of lactational mastitis in Chinese women: combined logistic regression analysis with receiver operating characteristic curve
Authors: Yin Yongshuo , Yu Zhiyong , Zhao Min , Wang Yuemei , Guan Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: To identify the potential risk factors for acute mastitis during lactation comprehensively. Subsequently, to evaluate logistic regression model in predicting the risk of lactational mastitis in Chinese women by applying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Methods: A case–control study among Chinese women enrolled 652 patients with mastitis and 581 healthy women with breastfeeding experience as control. The retrospective information was obtained by questionnaires that included medical history of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and breastfeeding behaviors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were performed to investigate the relationship between these factors and the occurrence of lactational mastitis. Using ROC curve to evaluate the prognostic value of these selected indicators in the risk of acute mastitis.
Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the primiparity (P &lt; 0.001), mastitis in previous breastfeeding (P &lt; 0.001), nipple’s heteroplasia (P &lt; 0.001), cracked nipple (P &lt; 0.001), breast trauma by external force (P = 0.002), lateral position (P = 0.007), breast pump (P = 0.039), nipple sucking (P = 0.007), sleep with sucking (P = 0.007), and tongue-tie (P = 0.013) were risk variables independently and significantly related with mastitis. While vaginal delivery (P = 0.015), clean nipple before breastfeeding (P = 0.015), first contact with child within 1 h (P = 0.027) were protective factors. The ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of model 2 was 0.8122 (95%CI = 0.7885–0.8360), which stated that the model presented a high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion: By means of collecting and summarizing the risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast mastitis in Chinese women, we established risk discriminant model to identify and warn the individuals susceptible to acute mastitis early, which will allow practitioners to provide appropriate management advice and effective individual care.
Auditory Perception and Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment Outcomes for Children With Residual /ɹ/ Distortions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , Leece Megan C. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This study evaluated whether outcomes from treatment, which includes ultrasound visual feedback (UVF), would be more or less effective when combined with auditory perception training for children with residual /ɹ/ errors.

Method
Children ages 8–16 years with /ɹ/ distortions participated in speech therapy that included real-time UVF of the tongue. Thirty-eight participants were randomized to speech therapy conditions that included a primary focus on articulation using UVF or a condition that included auditory perceptual training plus UVF (incorporating category goodness judgments and self-monitoring). Generalization of /ɹ/ production accuracy to untrained words was assessed before and after 14 hr of therapy. Additionally, the role of auditory perceptual acuity was explored using a synthetic /ɹ/–/w/ continuum.

Results

There was no difference between the treatment groups in rate of improvement of /ɹ/ accuracy (increase of 34% for each group;
p =
.95, η
p
2
= .00). However, pretreatment auditory acuity was associated with treatment progress in both groups, with finer perceptual acuity corresponding to greater progress (
p
= .015, η
p
2
= .182).

Conclusion
Similar gains in speech sound accuracy can be made with treatment that includes UVF with or without auditory perceptual training. Fine-grained perceptual acuity may be a prognostic indicator with treatment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11886219
Direction-Specific Jaw Dysfunction and Its Impact on Tongue Movement in Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lee Jimin , Rodriguez Elizabeth , Mefferd Antje 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The current study tested jaw movement characteristics and their impact on tongue movement for speech production in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, the study examined tongue and jaw movement in multiple directions during jaw opening and closing strokes in individuals with ALS and controls.

Method
Twenty-two individuals with ALS and 22 controls participated in the current study. Tongue and jaw movements during the production of the words “Iowa” and “Ohio” (produced in a carrier phrase) were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Tongue and jaw distances were measured for jaw opening and closing strokes. Distance was measured in the anterior–posterior and superior–inferior dimensions (retraction, advancement, lowering, and raising).

Results
Findings revealed that individuals with ALS exaggerated their jaw opening movements, but not their jaw closing movements, compared to controls. Between the groups, a comparable tongue lowering distance was observed during jaw opening movements. In contrast, reduced tongue raising was observed during the jaw closing movements in individuals with ALS compared to controls.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that individuals with ALS produce excessive jaw opening movements in the absence of excessive jaw closing movements. The lack of excessive jaw closing movements results in reduced tongue raising in these individuals. Excessive jaw opening movements alone suggest a direction-specific jaw dysfunction. Future studies should examine whether excessive jaw raising can be facilitated and if it enhances tongue raising movement for speech production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to ALS.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training and Voluntary Cough Skill Training: A Single-Subject Treatment Study in a Person With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curtis James A. , Dakin Avery E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Airway protective disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet effective methods to rehabilitate these life-threatening impairments are limited. This study examined the effects of two skill-based treatments aimed at improving swallowing and cough in a severely dysphagic person with PD: respiratory–swallow coordination training (RSCT) and voluntary cough skill training (VCST). It was hypothesized that (a) RSCT would improve respiratory–swallow coordination and swallowing safety and efficiency and (b) VCST would improve reflex and voluntary cough effectiveness.

Method

An 81-year-old man with midstage PD and severe dysphagia was recruited for study participation. The study utilized a multiple-baseline ABACA experimental design with a 2-month delayed retention assessment. Measures of respiratory–swallow coordination, swallowing safety and efficiency, and cough effectiveness were collected at each assessment using respiratory inductive plethysmography, flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing, and spirometry. Data were analyzed descriptively using baseline corrected tau and standard mean difference effect sizes (
d
).

Results

Large effect sizes were observed immediately following RSCT for respiratory–swallow coordination (
d
= 9.17), penetration–aspiration (
d
= 12.88), vallecular residue (
d
= 1.75), piriform residue (
d
= 4.15), and overall dysphagia severity (
d
= 1.83). Large effect sizes were also observed immediately following VCST for single voluntary cough (
d
= 4.30), sequential voluntary cough (
d
= 3.28), and reflex cough (
d
= 5.58). Improvements were maintained 2 months later for all outcome measures except single voluntary cough.

Discussion
This is the first study to examine the effects of RSCT and VCST in a person with PD. Robust improvements in respiratory–swallow coordination and swallowing safety and efficiency were achieved following four sessions of RSCT, and significant improvements in reflex and voluntary cough strength were seen following four sessions of VCST. Future work is needed to study these treatments in larger cohorts of people with PD.
Sklerostin des Osteozyten – von der Expression zur klinischen Anwendung
Authors: Wölfel Eva Maria , Busse Björn , Jähn Katharina 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungSklerostin ist ein sezerniertes Glykoprotein und ein Produkt des SOST-Gens, welches im Knochen vorranging von Osteozyten exprimiert wird und zu einer Inhibition der Osteoblasten-induzierten Knochenformation und damit zu einer reduzierten Knochenmasse führen kann. Im Gegensatz dazu induziert eine Funktionsdeletion des SOST-Gens einen High-bone-mass-Knochenphänotyp. Darüber hinaus wirkt Sklerostin auf den Osteozyten selbst, wodurch der Osteoklasten-gesteuerte Knochenabbau gefördert werden kann und die osteozytäre Osteolyse unterstützt wird. Die Sklerostin-Expression kann durch verschiedene Mechanismen beeinflusst werden und bildet aufgrund der anabolen Rolle in der Knochenformation einen potenziellen Behandlungsansatz. Der Sklerostin-Antikörper Romosozumab ist seit Anfang 2019 in Japan und den USA zugelassen, und es zeigen sich erste positive Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung postmenopausaler Osteoporose. Andere Studien präsentieren Daten zu Sklerostin-Serumwerten in Relation zu Frakturraten oder Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, lassen jedoch die Frage offen, ob sich Sklerostin als Biomarker in der Frakturrisikodiagnostik eignet.
Physikalische Therapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen – was gibt es an Evidenz?
Authors: Lange Uwe , Klemm Philipp , Dischereit Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGRheumatische Erkrankungen führen aufgrund ihres progredienten Verlaufs oft zu Einschränkungen der Funktionalität und Partizipation. Basierend hierauf ergibt sich eine elementare Indikation für den Einsatz physikalischer Therapieoptionen. Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert auf den Stellenwert und die Bedeutung der physikalischen Therapie bei Rheumatikern und gibt einen Überblick über Grundlagen und therapeutische Möglichkeiten, Krankheitsfolgen, die Versorgungsrealität und zur vorhandenen Evidenz diverser Physiotherapeutika.
Physikalische Therapie bei systemischer Sklerose (Sklerodermie)
Authors: Küther Gerald 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Physikalische Therapie bietet verschiedene Verfahren zur Behandlung unterschiedlicher Symptome der systemischen Sklerose (Sklerodermie) an. Einzelne randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien konnten zeigen, dass mit der manuellen Lymphdrainage eine Ödemreduktion und verbesserte Handfunktion zu erzielen war und mit der Bindegewebsmassage in Verbindung mit Techniken der manuellen Therapie eine verbesserte Gelenkbeweglichkeit und Handfunktion. Sogar mit Selbstübungsprogrammen für Dehnübungen konnte eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit im Finger- und orofazialen Bereich erreicht werden. Widersprüchliche Befunde liegen zur Wirkung von Paraffinbädern vor. Keine randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien sind bisher zur Wirkung von CO2-Bädern bei der Sklerodermie bekannt, obwohl eine verbesserte kapilläre Perfusion in den Extremitäten auch bei dieser Erkrankung nachweisbar war. Vielversprechend sind erste Befunde zur Wirkung eines aeroben Trainings auf die periphere Mikrozirkulation, die auf die Möglichkeit einer nicht nur symptomatischen, sondern auch in den Pathomechanismus der Vaskulopathie eingreifenden Therapie bei der systemischen Sklerose hinweisen.
Untersuchung von Aktivierungsmustern posturaler Muskulatur durch Fazilitation über die Hände „Hands Induced Posture“ (HIP) mittels O-EMG- Teil 1: Prüfung der Reliabilitätswerte der Versuchsanordnung
Authors: Best Stefanie , Anders Christoph , Best Norman 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für die Fazilitation der Rumpfmuskulatur über die Hände (engl.: hands induced posture, HIP) liegt noch kein Wirkungsnachweis vor. Dieser soll nun erbracht werden. Zuvor sind Untersuchungen zur Reliabilität notwendig.
Methoden Mittels Oberflächen-Elektromyografie (O-EMG) wurden 15 Muskelpaare auf ihre Aktivierung bei gesunden Erwachsenen geprüft. Initial erfolgte die Berechnung der Intraklassenkorrelationskoeffizienten für Ausgangsstellung und Übphase.
Ergebnisse 2 Muskeln zeigen für die Ausgangsstellung keine akzeptablen ICC-Werte. Für alle anderen konnten beachtliche bzw. fast vollkommene Wiederholbarkeit nachgewiesen werden. Alle OEMG-Ableitungen während der Übphase zeigten Korrelationswerte > 0,6, die meisten >0,8.
Diskussion Die OEMG-Ableitung im Rahmen der „HIP“ eignet sich für den Wirkungsnachweis, ähnlich wie bei anderen OEMG-Untersuchungen. Die Ableitung in der Ausgangsstellung zeigte sich für 2 Muskeln nur eingeschränkt wiederholbar. Möglicherweise ist die Diskrepanz durch einen Fazilitations- oder Ermüdungsvorgang während der Messung oder eine inkonstante Beanspruchung dieser Muskeln beim Stehen zu erklären.
Schlussfolgerung Weitere Untersuchungen zur klinischen Anwendung können mittels OEMG erfolgen.
Bacterial Spectrum of Acute Otitis Media in Bulgarian Children during the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era
Authors: Setchanova Lena , Stancheva Iglika , Popova Diana , Alexandrova Alexandra , Mitov Ivan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Bulgaria for universal childhood vaccination in 2010. The objective of this study was to describe bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media (AOM) in children in the era of routine PCV10 immunization.
Materials and Methods Middle ear fluid (MEF)/otorrhea or nasopharyngeal specimens were collected between May 2012 and April 2017 from 425 children aged < 12 years diagnosed with AOM; 71.5% of them were vaccinated. Capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility were determined.
Results Among 240 children with “severe” AOM, the studied specimens were MEF/otorrhea, and a total of 132 (55.0%) children were culture-positive. The most frequently identified bacteria were S. pyоgenes (31.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), S. pneumoniae (20.4%), and nontypeable H. influenzae (12.1%). Among 185 nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from children at the onset of a “mild” AOM episode, 67.0% were culture-positive for otopathogens. The most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (41.9%), followed by H. influenzae (25.8%), Moraxella catarrhalis (23.4%), and S. pyоgenes (14.5%), alone or in combinations. Among children with pneumococcal AOM (79), PCV10 serotypes (VTs) were 21.5%. A high prevalence (50%) of nonvaccine serotypes 3 (14), 19A (11), and 6C (7) was found among vaccinated children. Rates of nonsusceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin, and of multidrug resistance, were 51.2, 10.1, 51.2, and 51.2, respectively. The rate of ampicillin-non-susceptibility in H. influenzae was 25%. All M. catarrhalis isolates were β-lactamase producers, and 32.2% of S. pyogenes were erythromycin-resistant.
Conclusion Following implementation of PCV10, S. pyogenes was the most prevalent pathogen in children with “severe” AOM. Numbers of S. pneumoniae recovered from MEF/otorrhea significantly decreased, as did the overall proportion of VTs among AOM patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were the most commonly found pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with less severe AOM episodes.
现代汉语常用文言虚词的语块教学
Authors: Liu Yu 
Published: February 2020

抽象
现代汉语中保留了许多文言成分，文言虚词的使用是现代汉语书面语体的重要特征之一，不仅让语言表达更为书面，也能够使语言表达更典雅。本文对两组面对汉语二语学习者的词表进行统计，总结出现代汉语中二语学习者需要掌握的常用文言虚词。并提出应重视对现代汉语中的常用文言虚词进行系统性的教学和训练，文言虚词的教学不应局限于词语本身，而需要进行联系和拓展，从词素、词，到词语搭配、固定结构，多层面地为学习者展现文言虚词的用法，进行语块教学。本文在语料库分析的基础上，总结了常用文言虚词的常见语块，包括词语搭配、实词和虚词组合的固定结构、框架结构及话语标记语等类型，并讨论了如何培养学习者的语块学习意识、加强对语块的正确使用、促进对语块语体特征的理解以及引导学习者输出语块四个方面的教学操作问题，以期为汉语作为第二语言的教学和教材编写提供参考｡
Analytic solutions for parallel transport along generic bound geodesics in Kerr spacetime
Authors: van de Meent Maarten 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We provide analytical closed form solutions for the parallel transport along a bound geodesic in Kerr spacetime. This can be considered the lowest order approximation for the motion of a spinning black hole in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral. As an illustration of the usefulness of our new found expressions we scope out the locations of spin–spin resonances in quasi-circular EMRIs. All solutions are given as functions of Mino time, which facilitates the decoupling of the equations of motion. To help physical interpretation, we also provide an analytical expression for the proper time along a geodesic as a function of Mino time.
Tropical counting from asymptotic analysis on Maurer-Cartan equations
Authors: Chan Kwokwai , Ma Ziming Nikolas 
Published: February 2020

Let

X
=

X
Σ

X = X_\Sigma

be a toric surface and let

(

X
ˇ

,
W
)

(\check {X}, W)

be its Landau-Ginzburg (LG) mirror where

W
W

is the Hori-Vafa potential as shown in their preprint. We apply asymptotic analysis to study the extended deformation theory of the LG model

(

X
ˇ

,
W
)

(\check {X}, W)

, and prove that semi-classical limits of Fourier modes of a specific class of Maurer-Cartan solutions naturally give rise to tropical disks in

X
X

with Maslov index 0 or 2, the latter of which produces a universal unfolding of

W
W

. For

X
=

P

2

X = \mathbb {P}^2

, our construction reproduces Gross’ perturbed potential

W
n

W_n

[Adv. Math. 224 (2010), pp. 169–245] which was proven to be the universal unfolding of

W
W

written in canonical coordinates. We also explain how the extended deformation theory can be used to reinterpret the jumping phenomenon of

W
n

W_n

across walls of the scattering diagram formed by Maslov index 0 tropical disks originally observed by Gross in the same work (in the case of

X
=

P

2

X = \mathbb {P}^2

).