bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tween girls' dressing: Shifts, implications, and future directions in Singapore
Authors: Loh Bernice 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article traces the changes in research on tween girls' dress. Traditionally, girls' adult‐like dressing has been predominantly understood through the discourse of sexualization. Girls are seen to be prematurely sexualized when they fashion themselves after adults. This is a cause for concern as the young girl subject is seen as an unknowing victim, who is vulnerable to a range of physical, sexual, and psychological harm when she fashions herself after adults. Recent scholarship, however, have begun to pay more attention to girls' agency and viewpoints when it comes to what they want to wear. Scholars have begun to work with (rather than on) girls, situating girls' perspectives at the center of their research. Such studies acknowledge that girls are not passive recipients of an adult culture or the types of messages that they receive about what to wear. Nonetheless, in outlining the shifts in research on girls' dressing, this article highlights how scholarship on girls' young femininities remains Western‐centric. There is a need for more research on girlhood and girls' cultural identities outside the West, and especially in the context of Singapore. Much of the research on youth within this region has focused on girls' roles and identities as students.
Towards a balanced multiculturalism? Immigrant integration policies and immigrant children's educational performance
Authors: Ham Seung‐Hwan , Song Hyojune , Yang Kyung‐Eun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study examines whether a host country's institutional environment of immigrant integration influences immigrant youth's integration into its educational system. Ensuring immigrant youth are well integrated into the educational system bears paramount societal significance because the educational pathways of these youth will determine not only their own life trajectories but also the future of society as an integrated whole. Based on a dataset that links PISA 2015 with MIPEX 2010, a series of cross‐national multilevel analyses has been conducted for 227,028 children in 34 OECD countries. Two important patterns stand out in the results. First, the academic performance of immigrant children tends to be more comparable to that of their non‐immigrant peers in countries characterized by a more egalitarian distribution of civic rights. Second, the performance gap for immigrant children appears smallest in countries characterized by a medium level of sociopolitical promotion of group‐based cultural rights. These patterns suggest that policy efforts toward balancing between diversity and unity combined with systemic levers for egalitarian civic rights may contribute to the macro‐level institutional environment in which social disadvantages of immigrant students can be mitigated.
The effect of serum pretreatment regimens for the detection of HLA class I antibodies in platelet‐refractory patients
Authors: Tumer Gizem , Gniadek Thomas , Baye Jennifer , Pena Ryan , Warner Paul , Fung Mark , Beaudin Lynette , Dunckley Heather , Gandhi Manish , Gathof Birgit , Hsu Susan , Klohe Ellen , Marcus Nalaja , Bamert Roberta , Sims Shona , Takanashi Minoko , Wendel Silvano , Cohn Claudia S. ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDSingle antigen bead (SAB) assays are used to identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in patients with platelet refractoriness due to HLA Class I alloimmunization. Some laboratories use serum pretreatment regimens to eliminate interference from immunoglobulin M antibodies and complement. These modifications may contribute to interlaboratory variability, which is a recognized problem with the SAB assay.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFive patientsʼ sera were overnight shipped to 12 laboratories in the United States and internationally. Recipients used their labʼs SAB procedure to identify HLA Class I antibodies. The resultant mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) data were compared by instrumentation, bead lot, and pretreatment regimens. Laboratory‐specific cutoffs for positive antibodies were applied to the results.RESULTSInterlaboratory variability for MFI values appears to be associated with different pretreatment regimens. The coefficient of variation (CV) of MFI from samples pretreated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, dithiothreitol, or heat inactivation (EDHI) were similar, ranging from 14% to 56% (mean, 22%). For samples with no pretreatment, the CVs were significantly higher than EDHI‐treated samples, ranging from 25% to 74% (mean, 39%; 95% confidence interval, 12.10‐21.90; p < 0.0001). An intralaboratory comparison of pretreatment regimens confirmed these findings. Some positive antibody specificities present in EDHI‐treated samples were negative in corresponding samples with no pretreatment when laboratory‐specific cutoffs for positive antibodies were applied.CONCLUSIONOur results show that greater interlaboratory precision can be achieved when samples are pretreated with EDHI as opposed to no pretreatment, likely because these pretreatments eliminate interference from inhibitors. Inhibitors may mask antibodies, leading to missed (or uncalled) specificities when no pretreatment is used.
Formation of Plastic Creases in Thin Polyimide Films
Authors: Dharmadasa B. Yasara , McCallum Matthew W. , Mierunalan Seyon , Dassanayake Sahangi P. , Mallikarachchi Chinthaka H. M. Y. , López Jiménez Francisco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a combined experimental and analytical approach to study the formation of creases in tightly folded Kapton polyimide films. In the experiments, we have developed a robust procedure to create creases with repeatable residual fold angle by compressing initially bent coupons. We then use it to explore the influence of different control parameters, such as the force applied, and the time the film is being pressed. The experimental results are compared with a simplified one-dimensional elastica model, as well as a high fidelity finite element model; both models take into account the elasto-plastic behavior of the film. The models are able to predict the force required to create the crease, as well as the trend in the residual angle of the fold once the force is removed. We non-dimensionalize our results to rationalize the effect of plasticity, and we find robust scalings that extend our findings to other geometries and material properties.
Experimental Study on Combustion and Performance of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine at Different Pilot Diesel Injection Timing
Authors: Song Jiantong , Feng Zhixin , Lv Jiangyi , Zhang Hualei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The pilot diesel injection timing (θ) significantly affects the combustion and performance of dual-fuel (DF) engines. In order to optimize the θ of a natural gas-diesel DF engine, the influence of θ on combustion, cyclic variation, and performance of a diesel engine fueled with natural gas piloted by diesel under full load at 1200 rpm was investigated. The results indicate that, with the advance in θ, the cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise (ROPR), and heat release rate (HRR) increase first and then decrease. The mean value of peak cylinder pressure (pmax) rises and the standard deviation increases first and then decreases. The distribution of the crank angle of peak cylinder pressure (φ(pmax)) scatters and approaches the top dead center. The coefficient of variation (COV) in pmax decreases first and then increases while the COV in φ(pmax) obviously increases. The brake power increases first and then decreases while the brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) reduces first and then rises. The CO2 and NOx emissions rise first and then reduce while smoke emission decreases first and then increases, but the CO and HC rise.
Experimental Investigations on the Tribological Performance of Electric Discharge Alloyed Ti–6Al–4V at 200–600 °C
Authors: Philip Jibin T. , Kumar Deepak , Mathew Jose , Kuriachen Basil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the titanium alloys observe broad applicability in aerospace, marine, automobile, and bio-medical industries due to their lightweight, bio-compatibility, good fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance. However, it possesses poor tribological behavior characterized by a high coefficient of friction (CoF) and the specific wear rate (SWR). In this paper, the impact of the electrical discharge machining on the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) was compared before and after electrical discharge machining (EDM) using a pin-on-disk tribometer under un-lubricated and ambient temperature. Besides, ex-situ analysis was performed on the distinct pin surfaces using (i) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (ii) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and (iii) X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques to elucidate the associated wear mechanisms. The mechanical properties such as nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the test surfaces were also determined using a nano-indenter. Significant improvement in SWR (65.44% reduction) with a passable compromise for CoF (22.5% increment) occurred during experimentation (before and after EDM) at 100 N. Besides, the wear behavior of the electrical discharge alloyed Ti64 (ETi64) was evaluated at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C under the applied loads of 50–150 N. At 400 °C and 600 °C, the SWR initially decreased and then increased with variation in load from 50–100 N and 100–150 N, respectively. The enhanced tribo-behavior at 100 N was due to the protective influence of tribo-oxides, viz., TiO2 and Ti8O15 assisted by the hard Ti24C15 carbides in the recast layer (RL).
A Numerical Investigation on Fluid Dynamics and Heating Characteristics of Co-and-Counterrotating Multiple Swirling Impinging Flames Arranged in 3 × 3 Inline Array
Authors: Singh Parampreet , Velamati Ratna Kishore , Chander Subhash 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Swirling impinging flame jets possess the potential of uniformly heating the target surface. Numerical simulations have been carried out for multiple reacting swirling flows arranged in square 3 × 3 array. The turbulence chemistry interactions in the flow field are modeled using RNG based k-ε/ eddy dissipation model (EDM) framework. Co-and-counterrotating configurations have been compared for interactions and spent gas release mechanism at fixed inter-jet spacing and separation distance. Multiple swirling impinging flames undergo strong interactions resulting in distortions of recirculation zones (RCZs) for all the surrounding but central flame. Co-swirling flames result in development of higher turbulence in the interaction regions as compared with counter-swirl case. Tilted heat flux contours have been noticed for co-swirling impinging flames, whereas heat flux impressions are straight for counter-swirl case. Effect of inter-jet spacing (C/Dh = 5, 7, and 9) and separation distance (H/Dh = 3, 5, 7, and 9) studied for co-swirl case revealed that peak heat fluxes decreased with increasing inter-jet spacing and separation distance. With increase in inter-jet spacing, the width of central flame increased due to increased suppression effect induced by the recirculating gases. Increase in separation distance resulted in decrease of width of central flame and thermal dilution taking place led to decrease in heat flux magnitudes.
The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on the Decline in Gross Efficiency During a 2000-m Cycling Time Trial
Authors: Voskamp Anna E. , van den Bos Senna , Foster Carl , de Koning Jos J. , Noordhof Dionne A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Gross efficiency (GE) declines during high-intensity exercise. Increasing extracellular buffer capacity might diminish the decline in GE and thereby improve performance. Purpose: To examine if sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation diminishes the decline in GE during a 2000-m cycling time trial. Methods: Sixteen male cyclists and 16 female cyclists completed 4 testing sessions including a maximal incremental test, a familiarization trial, and two 2000-m GE tests. The 2000-m GE tests were performed after ingestion of either NaHCO3 supplements (0.3 g/kg body mass) or placebo supplements (amylum solani, magnesium stearate, and sunflower oil capsules). The GE tests were conducted using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Power output, gas exchange, and time to complete the 2000-m time trials were recorded. Capillary blood samples were analyzed for blood bicarbonate, pH, and lactate concentration. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inference. Results: The decrement in GE found after the 2000-m time trial was possibly smaller in the male and female groups after NaHCO3 than with placebo ingestion, with the effect in both groups combined being unclear. The effect on performance was likely trivial for males (placebo 164.2 [5.0] s, NaHCO3 164.3 [5.0] s; Δ0.1; ±0.6%), unclear for females (placebo 178.6 [4.8] s, NaHCO3 178.0 [4.3] s; Δ−0.3; ±0.5%), and very likely trivial when effects were combined. Blood bicarbonate, pH, and lactate concentration were substantially elevated from rest to pretest after NaHCO3 ingestion. Conclusions: NaHCO3 supplementation results in an unclear effect on the decrease in GE during high-intensity exercise and in a very likely trivial effect on performance.
The Donors Supporting Charity Sport Event Participants: An Exploration of the Factors Driving Donations
Authors: Filo Kevin , Fechner David , Inoue Yuhei 
Published: January 2020

Fundraising for a charity sport event (CSE) is a critical and challenging aspect of the event experience. CSE participants (i.e., CSE fundraisers) must engage with their network of friends, family, and colleagues (i.e., CSE donors) to solicit donations. A better understanding of CSE donor motives can translate to more effective fundraising among participants, which could be applicable to other peer-to-peer and sport-based fundraising initiatives. The researchers explored the factors driving CSE donors to contribute on behalf of CSE participants. Eight mechanisms driving charitable giving provided the theoretical framework. Semistructured interviews (N = 24) were conducted with individuals who had donated to a CSE participant within the previous 12 months. Four themes emerged: feel good factor, perceived efficacy of donations, inspired by youth, and affinity for the participant. With these themes in mind, CSE managers may implement school outreach programs and testimonials from donors to achieve positive fundraising outcomes.
Fast cooling of normal-fault footwalls: Rapid fault slip or thermal relaxation?
Authors: Wolff Reinhard , Hetzel Ralf , Dunkl István , Anczkiewicz Aneta A. , Pomella Hannah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rapid rock exhumation in mountain belts is commonly associated with crustal-scale normal faulting during late-orogenic extension. The process of normal faulting advects hot footwall rocks toward Earth’s surface, which shifts isotherms upwards and increases the geothermal gradient. When faulting stops, this process is reversed and isotherms move downwards during thermal relaxation. Owing to these temporal changes of the geothermal gradient, it is not straightforward to derive the history of faulting from mineral cooling ages. Here, we combine thermochronological data with thermokinematic modeling to illustrate the importance of syntectonic heat advection and posttectonic thermal relaxation for a crustal-scale normal fault in the European Alps. The north-south–trending Brenner fault defines the western margin of the Tauern window (Austria) and caused the exhumation of medium-grade metamorphic rocks during Miocene orogen-parallel extension of the Alps. We analyzed samples from a 2-km-thick crustal section, including a 1000-m-long drill core. Zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He ages along this transect increase with elevation from ca. 8 to ca. 10 Ma and from ca. 7 to ca. 9 Ma, respectively, but differ by only ∼1 m.y. in individual samples. Thermokinematic modeling of the ages indicates that the Brenner fault became active at 19 ± 2 Ma and caused 35 ± 10 km of crustal extension, which is consistent with independent geological constraints. The model results further suggest that the fault slipped at a total rate of 4.2 ± 0.9 km/m.y. and became inactive at 8.8 ± 0.4 Ma. Our findings demonstrate that both syntectonic heat advection and posttectonic thermal relaxation are responsible for the cooling pattern observed in the footwall of the Brenner normal fault.
Rock-magnetic and archaeomagnetic investigations on archaeological artefacts from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deenadayalan K. , Gawali P. B. , Lakshmi B. V. , Rai Manish 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Archaeointensity and rock-magnetic studies were undertaken on 49 baked clay artefacts from four archaeological sites (Ter, Junnar, Nalasopara and Kanheri) in Maharashtra, India. Rock-magnetic properties, including bulk magnetic susceptibility, magnetic remanence and thermomagnetic analysis, indicate the presence of a low-coercivity magnetite in fine (superparamagnetic, single domain) grain-sizes. The ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, the reversible high-temperature susceptibility curves and the 3-axes isothermal remanent magnetization tests also indicate that the artefacts dominantly possess fine-grained magnetic particles, carrying a stable thermoremanent magnetization (TRM). Archaeointensity was estimated using Coe's modified Thellier method corresponding to the linear behaviour of natural remanent magnetization loss and TRM gained plots, which were evaluated with ThellierTool4.0 software. Cooling rate and anisotropy of the TRM corrections were applied and the corrected intensities were used to calculate a mean archaeointensity value for each one of the four sites. The new archaeointensity values were plotted along the existing Indian archaeointensity values derived only from archaeological artefacts, and were compared with the SHA.DIF.14k and ARCH10k.1 global models’ predictions. The present study aims to improve the overall understanding of Indian geomagnetic field variation in the past by providing new high-quality archaeointensity results. However, still more archaeointensity values are required to develop a reliable secular variation curve for India.
Smart Sensing, Communication, and Control in Perishable Food Supply Chain
Authors: Pal Amitangshu , Kant Krishna 
Published: January 2020

Transportation and distribution (T8D) of fresh food products is a substantial and increasing part of the economic activities throughout the world. Unfortunately, fresh food T8D not only suffers from significant spoilage and waste, but also from dismal efficiency due to tight transit timing constraints between the availability of harvested food until its delivery to the retailer. Fresh food is also easily contaminated, and together with deteriorated fresh food is responsible for much of food-borne illnesses.
The logistics operations are undergoing rapid transformation on multiple fronts, including infusion of information technology in the logistics operations, automation in the physical product handling, standardization of labeling, addressing and packaging, and shared logistics operations under 3rd party logistics (3PL) and related models. In this article, we discuss how these developments can be exploited to turn fresh food logistics into an intelligent cyberphysical system driven by online monitoring and associated operational control to enhance food freshness and safety, reduce food waste, and increase T8D efficiency. Some of the issues discussed in this context are fresh food quality deterioration processes, food quality/contamination sensing technologies, communication technologies for transmitting sensed data through the challenging fresh food media, intelligent management of the T8D pipeline, and various other operational issues. The purpose of this article is to stimulate further research in this important emerging area that lies at the intersection of computing and logistics.
ICER 2020 conference preview
Authors: Moskal Adon , Robins Anothony , McCauley Renee , Ko Amy J. 
Published: January 2020

You are warmly invited to the sixteenth annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference, which will be held in Dunedin, New Zealand, 10-12 August 2020.
ICER is a well-regarded forum for presenting and publishing high-quality research in computing education. With its traditional single-track format, and round-table discussions, ICER affords a convivial and supportive environment for established and emerging researchers alike.
ONO-7475, a Novel AXL Inhibitor, Suppresses the Adaptive Resistance to Initial EGFR-TKI Treatment inEGFR-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Okura Naoko , Nishioka Naoya , Yamada Tadaaki , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Tanimura Keiko , Katayama Yuki , Yoshimura Akihiro , Watanabe Satoshi , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Kitazaki Takeshi , Nishiyama Akihiro , Iwasaku Masahiro , Kaneko Yoshiko , Uchino Junji , Uehara Hisanori , Horinaka Mano , Sakai Toshiyuki , Tanaka Kohei , Kozaki Ryohei , Yano Seiji , Takayama Koichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose:Currently, an optimal therapeutic strategy comprising molecularly targeted agents for treating EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with acquired resistance to osimertinib is not available. Therefore, the initial therapeutic intervention is crucial for the prolonged survival of these patients. The activation of anexelekto (AXL) signaling is known to be associated with intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we investigated the best therapeutic strategy to combat AXL-induced tolerance to EGFR-TKIs using the novel AXL inhibitor ONO-7475.Experimental Design:We examined the efficacy of ONO-7475 in combination with EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells using in vitro and in vivo experiments. We investigated the correlation between AXL expression in tumors and clinical outcomes with osimertinib for EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to initial EGFR-TKIs.Results:ONO-7475 sensitized AXL-overexpressing EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells to the EGFR-TKIs osimertinib and dacomitinib. In addition, ONO-7475 suppressed the emergence and maintenance of EGFR-TKI–tolerant cells. In the cell line–derived xenograft models of AXL-overexpressing EGFR-mutated lung cancer treated with osimertinib, initial combination therapy of ONO-7475 and osimertinib markedly regressed tumors and delayed tumor regrowth compared with osimertinib alone or the combination after acquired resistance to osimertinib. AXL expression in EGFR-TKI refractory tumors did not correlate with the sensitivity of osimertinib.Conclusions:These results demonstrate that ONO-7475 suppresses the emergence and maintenance of tolerant cells to the initial EGFR-TKIs, osimertinib or dacomitinib, in AXL-overexpressing EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells, suggesting that ONO-7475 and osimertinib is a highly potent combination for initial treatment.