bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the locality of the natural gradient for learning in deep Bayesian networks
Authors: Ay Nihat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the natural gradient method for learning in deep Bayesian networks, including neural networks. There are two natural geometries associated with such learning systems consisting of visible and hidden units. One geometry is related to the full system, the other one to the visible sub-system. These two geometries imply different natural gradients. In a first step, we demonstrate a great simplification of the natural gradient with respect to the first geometry, due to locality properties of the Fisher information matrix. This simplification does not directly translate to a corresponding simplification with respect to the second geometry. We develop the theory for studying the relation between the two versions of the natural gradient and outline a method for the simplification of the natural gradient with respect to the second geometry based on the first one. This method suggests to incorporate a recognition model as an auxiliary model for the efficient application of the natural gradient method in deep networks.
Antimicrobial activities of herbal plants from Uzbekistan against human pathogenic microbes
Authors: Egamberdieva Dilfuza , Jabborova Dilfuza , Babich Svetlana , Xalmirzaeva Sokhiba , Salakhiddinov Kamaliddin , Madazimov Madamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn traditional medicine of Uzbekistan, around 20% of herbal plants are used to treat various ailments, including diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Though conventional medicinal plants are common in Uzbekistan, many plant species potentially useful for new pharmaceuticals are less studied. They contain various biological compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activities, that could be developed into drugs. The search for novel antimicrobial compounds, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogens from aromatic and herbal plants is an essential scientific research line. However, the antimicrobial properties of several medicinally important plants from various countries are still unknown. This review aims to provide an up-to-date report on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants endemic to Uzbekistan widely used in traditional medicine.
Utility of Kinetic and Kinematic Jumping and Landing Variables as Predictors of Injury Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pedley Jason S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Read Paul J. , Moore Isabel S. , De Ste Croix Mark , Myer Gregory D. , Oliver Jon L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Jump-landing assessments provide a means to quantify an individual’s ability to attenuate ground reaction forces, generate lower limb explosive power and maintain joint alignment. In order to identify risk factors that can be targeted through appropriate training interventions, it is necessary to establish which (scalar) objective kinetic, kinematic, and performance measures are most associated with lower-extremity injury.

Methods
Online searches of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCOHost, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases were completed for all articles published before March 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results
40 articles investigating nine jump-landing assessments were included in this review. The 79% of studies using drop jump (n = 14) observed an association with future injury, while only 8% of countermovement jump studies (n = 13) observed an association with injury risk. The 57% of studies using unilateral assessments found associations with risk of injury (n = 14). Studies using performance measures (jump height/distance) as outcome measure were only associated with injury risk in 30% of cases. However, those using kinetic and/or kinematic analyses (knee abduction moment, knee valgus angle, knee separation distance, peak ground reaction force) found associations with injury in 89% of studies.

Conclusion
The landing element of jump-landing assessments appears to be superior for identifying individuals at greater risk of injury; likely due to a closer representation of the injury mechanism. Consequently, jump-landing assessments that involve attenuation of impact forces such as the drop jump appear most suited for this purpose but should involve assessment of frontal plane knee motion and ground reaction forces.
Runge–Kutta approximation for $$C_0$$-semigroups in the graph norm with applications to time domain boundary integral equations
Authors: Rieder Alexander , Sayas Francisco-Javier , Melenk Jens Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the approximation of an abstract evolution problem with inhomogeneous side constraint using A-stable Runge–Kutta methods. We derive a priori estimates in norms other than the underlying Banach space. Most notably, we derive estimates in the graph norm of the generator. These results are used to study convolution quadrature based discretizations of a wave scattering and a heat conduction problem.
Life and Work of Rosalba Carriera (1673–1757)
Authors: Oberer Angela 
Published: November 2020

The Life and Work of Rosalba Carriera (1673–1757): The Queen of Pastel is the first extensive biographical narrative in English of Rosalba Carriera. It is also the first scholarly investigation of the external and internal factors that helped to create this female painter's unique career in eighteenth-century Europe. It documents the difficulties, complications, and consequences that arose then -- and can also arise today -- when a woman decides to become an independent artist. This book contributes a new, in-depth analysis of the interplay between society's expectations, generally accepted codices for gendered behaviour, and one single female painter's astute strategies for achieving success, as well as autonomy in her professional life as a famed artist. Some of the questions that the author raises are: How did Carriera manage to build up her career? How did she run her business and organize her own workshop? What kind of artist was Carriera? Finally, what do her self-portraits reveal in terms of self-enactment and possibly autobiographical turning points?
UNIVERSALLY MARKETABLE INSURANCE UNDER MULTIVARIATE MIXTURES
Authors: Lo Ambrose , Tang Qihe , Tang Zhaofeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study of desirable structural properties that define a marketable insurance contract has been a recurring theme in insurance economic theory and practice. In this article, we develop probabilistic and structural characterizations for insurance indemnities that are universally marketable in the sense that they appeal to all policyholders whose risk preferences respect the convex order. We begin with the univariate case where a given policyholder faces a single risk, then extend our results to the case where multiple risks possessing a certain dependence structure coexist. The non-decreasing and 1-Lipschitz condition, in various forms, is shown to be intimately related to the notion of universal marketability. As the highlight of this article, we propose a multivariate mixture model which not only accommodates a host of dependence structures commonly encountered in practice but is also flexible enough to house a rich class of marketable indemnity schedules.
Entamoeba histolytica protein CaBP3 uses a calcium dependent nuclear localisation pathway in mammalian cells
Authors: Wei Kejun , Ghildyal Reena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEntamoeba histolytica is a major cause of dysentery that leads to a high level of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Calmodulin-like calcium binding protein EhCaBP3 of E. histolytica is directly involved in disease mechanisms with roles in cytoskeleton dynamics and scission during erythrophagocytosis in a calcium dependent fashion. Interestingly, EhCaBP3 is also present in the nucleus of E. histolytica. We have used a transfected cell system to show that EhCaBP3 is capable of calcium dependent nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Our data confirms and extends recent findings suggesting presence of a calcium dependent nuclear transport pathway in E. histolytica.
Psychiatric and psychosocial morbidity 1 year after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Patel S. , Clancy M. , Barry H. , Quigley N. , Clarke M. , Cannon M. , Delanty N. , Murphy K. C. , Cotter D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:There is a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy. However, the impact of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy on psychopathology remains under investigation. We aimed to examine the impact of epilepsy surgery on psychopathology and quality of life at 1-year post-surgery in a population of patients with epilepsy refractory to medication.Methods:This study initially assessed 48 patients with refractory epilepsy using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 89 (QOLIE-89) on admission to an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) as part of their pre-surgical assessment. These patients were again assessed using the SCID-I, QOLIE-89 and HADS at 1-year follow-up post-surgery.Results:There was a significant reduction in psychopathology, particularly psychosis, following surgery at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.021). There were no new cases of de novo psychosis and surgery was also associated with a significant improvement in the quality of life scores (p < 0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrates the impact of epilepsy surgery on psychopathology and quality of life in a patient population with refractory surgery. The presence of a psychiatric illness should not be a barrier to access surgical treatment.
An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample
Authors: Hyatt Courtland S. , Hallowell Emily S. , Owens Max M. , Weiss Brandon M. , Sweet Lawrence H. , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.
The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace
Authors: Walter Barbara F. , Howard Lise Morje , Fortna V. Page 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous empirical studies have examined the role of third-party peacekeeping in reducing violence around the world. Their results reveal an extraordinary relationship between peacekeepers and peace, notwithstanding a number of well-known problems. This review article has three goals. The first is to summarize the results of past empirical research to move the debate beyond the question ofwhetherpeacekeeping works to the more pressing questions of how, when and why it works. The second is to reveal the limitations of the current quantitative research in order to identify areas in which scholars can make big, new contributions to the field. The final goal is to propose a new research agenda that is heavily evaluative – one that informs policy makers about the specific practices, mission compositions, and mandates that work, and identifies the local, regional, and international conditions that amplify or diminish peacekeeping's effectiveness. This type of research could help reduce the costs of peacekeeping operations, eliminate some of the negative consequences of interventions and save even more lives.
Context, Intersubjectivism, and Value: Humean Constructivism Revisited
Authors: Maclure Jocelyn 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTI defend a version of what Sharon Street called “Humean constructivism.” I'll first sketch out why I think that contextual constructivism provides us with a more plausible understanding of the ontological status of values than both Kantian constructivism and moral realism. In addition to its recognition of the role of evolutionary pressures in the emergence of human morality, contextual constructivism must now clarify the role of historical intersubjectivity in the subsequent development of morality. I will then claim that adding a coherentist module to Humean constructivism provides a satisfactory answer to those who fear that contextual metaethical theories can only be non-cognitivist. Finally, I will sketch out why I think that the notion of a mind-independent “space of moral reasons” is largely compatible with Humean constructivism.
Rocky shores as tractable test systems for experimental ecology
Authors: Hawkins Stephen J. , Pack Kathryn E. , Hyder Kieran , Benedetti-Cecchi Lisandro , Jenkins Stuart R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRocky shore ecology has been studied for a long time, starting with qualitative descriptions and becoming more quantitative and experimental over time. Some of the earliest manipulative experimental ecological studies were undertaken on rocky shores. Many, over time, have made considerable contributions to ecological theory, especially highlighting the importance of biological interactions at the community level. The suitability of rocky shores as convenient test systems for ecological experimentation is outlined. Here we consider contributions from rocky shores to the emerging concepts of supply-side ecology, the roles of competition, predation and grazing, disturbance and succession and positive interactions in structuring communities along environmental gradients. We then address alternative stable states, relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and bottom-up and top-down control of ecosystems. We briefly consider the feedback and synergies between ecological concepts and experimental work on rocky shores, whilst still emphasizing the traditional values of marine natural history upheld in JMBA since its first publication. The importance of rigorous experimental designs championed by Underwood and co-workers is emphasized. Recent progress taking advantage of new technologies and emerging approaches is considered. We illustrate how experimental studies have shown the importance of biological interactions in modulating species and assemblage-level responses to climate change and informed conservation and management of coastal ecosystems.
Moonsnail hatching success, development timing and early feeding behaviour at the high-latitude White Sea
Authors: Aristov Dmitriy , Flachinskaya Lyudmila , Varfolomeeva Marina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs predators, Naticidae (Gastropoda) can shape marine soft-sediment communities. Thus understanding of the reproductive biology and development of moonsnails is of great importance. Most moonsnails lay large egg masses, known as sand or egg collars, which are freely distributed on sand or muddy sediments. Here we report upon the abundance of egg collars of two naticid species,Amauropsis islandicaandEuspira pallida, from the high-latitude White Sea, as well as describe the morphology of egg collars and hatching success, with a brief description of juvenile feeding inA. islandica. While in the subtidal zone, the egg collars ofE. pallidawere 10 times more abundant than ofA. islandica, the egg collars of the latter species were the only ones that occur in the intertidal zone. The morphology of an egg collar ofE. pallidadiffered from the literature descriptions by having a plicated basal margin. The number of egg capsules inside the collars was twice as high inA. islandicacompared withE. pallida, but they were smaller.Amauropsis islandicahatchlings were larger and hatching success was more than twice that inE. pallida. We suggest that these characteristics promote the high abundance ofA. islandicapopulations observed on some tidal flats of the White Sea. Surprisingly,A. islandicajuveniles could perform non-drilling feeding in the first month after hatching. This study fills the gap in the knowledge of naticid reproductive biology at high latitudes.
New insights on the conservation status of the Endangered coastal endemic plant Astragalus berytheus (Fabaceae) in Lebanon
Authors: Abdel Samad Farah , Medail Frederic , Baumel Alex , Siljak Yakovlev Sonja , Roukoz Anthony , Tohme Georges , Tohme Henriette , Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coastal vegetation includes unique species with adaptations to the specific conditions of this environment, and in the Mediterranean region urban development of coastal areas has severely affected coastal ecosystems. Astragalus berytheus Boiss. & Blanche is a narrow endemic plant of the eastern Mediterranean coast, occurring in Lebanon and Palestine/Israel; its Red List status has not been previously assessed. As a result of the effects of urban sprawl in coastal areas A. berytheus is one of the most threatened plant taxa in Lebanon. We assess the conservation status of this taxon and propose conservation measures. Only one population of A. berytheus is extant in Lebanon, in the Tyre Coast Nature Reserve. We recommend that A. berytheus should be categorized as Endangered globally and as Critically Endangered at the national level in Lebanon. Unless adequate conservation measures are implemented A. berytheus is likely to go extinct in Lebanon in the near future.
Ovarian activity and antioxidant indices during estrous cycle of Barki ewes under effect of thyme, celery and salinomycin as feed additives
Authors: El-Zaher Hussein M. , Eid Sherif Y. , Shaaban Mahmoud M. , Ahmed-Farid Omar A. , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M. , Khattab Mostafa S.A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis research aimed to examine the effects of thyme, celery and salinomycin on ovarian sex hormones, reproductive traits and antioxidant status during the estrous cycle. Seventy-five mature Barki ewes aged 2–3 years with an average weight of 40 ± 1.5 kg were assigned randomly into five groups (15 head/group). Group 1 was kept as the control; groups 2 and 3 received 20 g/head/day thyme (T) and celery (C) as dried herbs, respectively. Group 4 (T×C) received 10 g thyme + 10 g celery/head/day, and group 5 was treated with salinomycin 1 g/head/day. Blood samples were collected during follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Thyme and celery and the mixture of T×C increased (P < 0.01) estradiol-17β (E2) during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, while only the celery group showed a marked (P < 0.001) increase in progesterone (P4) during the luteal phase compared with the control. Salinomycin supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) E2 concentrations during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Supplementation with thyme and celery enhanced (P < 0.001) antioxidant capacity in the luteal phase compared with the follicular stage. The salinomycin group showed increased (P < 0.01) levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the control group throughout luteal phase. For the interaction between estrous phases and treatments, thyme, celery, and T×C supplementation revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels compared with the control group during the follicular and luteal phases. Thyme and celery supplementation improved the number of services per conception and fertilization from 1st and 2nd inseminations, respectively. In conclusion, the applied treatment had significant effects on reproductive performance and antioxidant status in ewes throughout the estrous cycle.
Quantum chemical study on the formation of isopropyl cyanide and its linear isomer in the interstellar medium
Authors: Singh Keshav Kumar , Tandon Poonam , Misra Alka , Shivani  , Yadav Manisha , Ahmad Aftab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe formation mechanism of linear and isopropyl cyanide (hereafter n-PrCN and i-PrCN, respectively) in the interstellar medium (ISM) has been proposed from the reaction between some previously detected small cyanides/cyanide radicals and hydrocarbons/hydrocarbon radicals. n-PrCN and i-PrCN are nitriles therefore, they can be precursors of amino acids via Strecker synthesis. The chemistry of i-PrCN is especially important since it is the first and only branched molecule in ISM, hence, it could be a precursor of branched amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, etc. Therefore, both n-PrCN and i-PrCN have significant astrobiological importance. To study the formation of n-PrCN and i-PrCN in ISM, quantum chemical calculations have been performed using density functional theory at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p)//M062X/6-311+G(2d,p) level. All the proposed reactions have been studied in the gas phase and the interstellar water ice. It is found that reactions of small cyanide with hydrocarbon radicals result in the formation of either large cyanide radicals or ethyl and vinyl cyanide, both of which are very important prebiotic interstellar species. They subsequently react with the radicals CH2 and CH3 to yield n-PrCN and i-PrCN. The proposed reactions are efficient in the hot cores of SgrB2 (N) (where both n-PrCN and i-PrCN were detected) due to either being barrierless or due to the presence of a permeable entrance barrier. However, the formation of n-PrCN and i-PrCN from the ethyl and vinyl cyanide always has an entrance barrier impermeable in the dark cloud; therefore, our proposed pathways are inefficient in the deep regions of molecular clouds. It is also observed that ethyl and vinyl cyanide serve as direct precursors to n-PrCN and i-PrCN and their abundance in ISM is directly related to the abundance of both isomers of propyl cyanide in ISM. In all the cases, reactions in the ice have smaller barriers compared to their gas-phase counterparts.