bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Causal Relationship Between Genetically Determined Plasma Metabolites and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Song Kunpeng , Ma Julei , Wang Bing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPresently, research examining the impact of plasma metabolites on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is scarce. We utilized a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal link between 1400 plasma metabolites and RA.MethodsWe performed a two‐sample MR analysis to assess the causal association between 1400 plasma metabolites and RA. The primary method of two‐sample MR Analysis was the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) model, and the secondary methods were the Weighted Median (WM) and MR Egger methods. We conducted sensitivity analyses using Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR‐PRESSO, and Leave‐One‐Out analyses. Steiger test was used for validation of the metabolites. The main results were validated in the UK Biobank.ResultsIn the discovery dataset, 60 metabolites were identified as significantly associated with the onset of RA. A notable finding was the strong correlation between Valve levels and RA risk, showing the highest positive correlation (OR [95% CI]: 1.361 (1.112, 1.667), p = 0.0028). Subsequent analysis of the validation dataset revealed 46 metabolites linked to RA, with X‐22771 levels displaying the strongest positive association (OR [95% CI]: 1.002 (1.00, 1.004), p = 0.037). Notably, Glycohydrocolate levels exhibited a protective effect on RA in both datasets. Specifically, the effect size in the initial dataset was (OR [95% CI]:0.867 (0.753, 1.000), p = 0.050), whereas in the validation dataset, the effect was weaker (OR [95% CI]: 0.999 (0.997, 1.000), p = 0.048). These findings were further validated through a series of sensitivity analyses, affirming their robustness and reliability.ConclusionsThis study highlights a strong correlation between elevated Valine levels and an increased risk of RA, as well as potential protective effects of Glycohydrohorate in independent datasets.
Shareholder activism, divestment, and sustainability
Authors: Shen Yun , Linnenluecke Martina , Smith Tom 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a systematic review of the literature pertaining to shareholder activism, divestment, and sustainability. Since the early 2000s, scholars have been engaged in research to better understand shareholder activism and firm divestment. By conducting a state‐of‐the‐art literature review, we identify the 40 most influential publications in the field and find that they can be divided into two distinct themes. We review each of these to identify the main contributions in these research areas. With a highlight on possible pathways for future research, we outline these emerging trends to integrate existing knowledge and provide suggestions for innovative research opportunities to expand the research frontier.
In vitro bioactive dentin protein release by diode laser conditioning
Authors: García‐Guerrero Claudia , Rodas Serrano Ana Priscila , Leal Fernández Maria Carolina , Quijano‐Guauque Sara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis in‐vitro study aimed to explore the potential of Diode Laser by quantifying the release of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from root dentin after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diode laser. In 30 hemi‐roots distributed into five groups: G1: Tris‐buffered solution (TBS); G2: 17%EDTA; G3: 17% EDTA +650 nm Diode Laser; G4:17% EDTA +810 nm Diode Laser; and G5: 810 nm Diode Laser. The concentration of the three factors was quantified using a cytokine bead array. Statistical tests were performed to estimate intergroup differences (p ≤ 0.05). TGF‐β1 and VEGF were solubilised in all test protocols. The ability of low‐level power diode lasers to release proteins from the matrix is limited. Its effect on the release of VEGF and PDGF‐BB does not make a difference. A synergy between EDTA and Diode Laser led to a greater proportion of TGF‐β1 release.
Visual discrimination learning in the Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Mourmourakis Faelan , Barron Andrew B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKarl von Frisch's ground‐breaking research first demonstrated visual learning in the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). The study of Australian native bees and their cognitive abilities, however, is still a relatively new and emerging field. Here we examined visual cognition in the Australian stingless bee, Tetragonula carbonaria. First we tested for any colour preferences in T. carbonaria. Then we set stingless bees with three simple visual discrimination learning tasks using distinct colours (blue or yellow), oriented gratings (horizontal or vertical) and patterns (radial or concentric). In the colour preference task, we found evidence of a weak colour preference, with bees preferring colours blue and purple. In the visual discrimination task, T. carbonaria learned all three tasks in just 10 training trials. Bees learned equally well across the colour, orientation and pattern conditions, suggesting rapid visual learning. Future research should focus on closing knowledge gaps in Australian native bee cognition research, building upon the results of this study and exploring more complex non‐elemental learning.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Reveals a Causal Relationship Between Allergic Rhinitis and Hazelnut Allergy
Authors: Sun Yidan , Vonk Judith M. , Kersten Elin T. G. , Qi Cancan , Sprikkelman Aline B. , Koppelman Gerard H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about the genetics of food allergy (FA) to various allergens and the heterogeneity of FA in adults.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate genetic susceptibility to FA in an adult population and to assess the association between secondary FA and allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsFA and allergen‐specific FA were defined based on in‐depth questionnaires and a previously published FA algorithm in the Lifelines. We performed a series of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on FA and nine allergen‐specific (e.g., hazelnut) FA in 21,353 adults in Lifelines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (p < 1E‐5) were replicated in a second independent set of 15,518 adults participating in the Lifelines followed by meta‐analysis of the results of the two datasets. We subsequently investigated the causal relationship of AR to FA using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsWe observed co‐occurrence of tree nuts and apple FA, with over 80% of this group also reporting AR. After meta‐analysis, we identified one genome‐wide significant locus near HLA‐DPA1 associated with self‐reported hazelnut allergy (hazelnutFA), of which the top SNP is rs5025825 (p = 2.51E‐9, OR = 1.43). Two‐sample MR indicated that AR is a significant causal risk factor for hazelnutFA (p‐IVW = 5.27E‐10, β = 5.90, p‐pleiotropy = 0.46).ConclusionOur questionnaire enabled a large GWAS on self‐reported FA in Dutch adults. We report one novel locus in the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) region associated with hazelnutFA, implying an association with antigen recognition. Our findings genetically link secondary FA to AR in adults.
Early Reduction of FeNO on Anti‐IL5 Biologics Is Associated With Clinical Remission of Severe Asthma
Authors: Soendergaard Marianne Baastrup , Hansen Susanne , Håkansson Kjell Erik Julius , von Bülow Anna , Bjerrum Anne‐Sofie , Schmid Johannes Martin , Johansson Sofie Lock , Rasmussen Linda Makowska , Johnsen Claus Rikard , Bertelsen Barbara Bonnesen , Krogh Niels Steen , Hilberg Ole , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Porsbjerg Celeste 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn patients with severe asthma, treatment with anti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) biologics can lead to a reduction in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in some patients. The clinical implications of varying FeNO responses to anti‐IL‐5 biologics remain unclear. This study aims to categorise patients based on their FeNO response to anti‐IL‐5 biologics and evaluate the association of these categories with clinical outcomes.MethodsWe used the Danish Severe Asthma Register (DSAR) to identify the early FeNO response profiles in patients receiving anti‐IL5 biologics. We defined FeNO responders as patients with elevated FeNO levels at baseline and a decrease corresponding to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at 4 months of follow‐up and FeNO non‐responders as those who did not experience a decrease.ResultsWe identified 403 patients on anti‐IL5 treatment in DSAR, and 265 (66%) had elevated FeNO levels at baseline. After 4 months of treatment, 151 (57%) patients showed a significant decrease in FeNO levels, and 114 (43%) did not. FeNO responders were more likely to achieve clinical remission of asthma (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.01, OR 2.11, CI 1.04, 5.18, p = 0.03) than FeNO non‐responders after 12 months of treatment. The higher remission rates in FeNO responders mainly reflected a higher rate of normalisation of lung function.ConclusionsFeNO levels were reduced after anti‐IL5 treatment in a significant proportion of patients treated with anti‐IL5, and this was associated with clinical remission. Early FeNO response to anti‐IL5 could potentially be used as a biomarker to guide management decisions with biologics towards remission of disease in severe asthma.
On undevelopment and de‐development: A geographical critique on perpetual growth and resource‐based accumulation
Authors: Wijburg Gertjan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEconomic development is often defined as a cycle of sustained growth adding to ever‐increasing living standards of the general population. However, in human and economic geography such an orthodox definition of development is increasingly considered problematic. Not only have cycles of lower growth, rising debt, inequality and environmental degradation challenged the foundations of post‐war prosperity. Economic development in advanced nations must also be associated with the development of underdevelopment in peripheral countries. In this essay, I therefore contend that what is otherwise defined as ‘development’ has increasingly taken the form of ‘undevelopment’, i.e., a regressive cycle of falling productivity, financialisation, rising inequality, global imbalance and irreversible climate change. Although it is difficult to change the global course of undevelopment, I argue that de‐development can develop into its logical successor. Indeed, by progressively transcending the capitalist world‐system, I conclude that a more durable global economic system can emerge where global wealth redistribution and economic activity within the planet's finite boundaries are central.
Organizational purpose concept clarity: An exploration of employees' perspectives
Authors: Kilson Gabriel A. , Tavares Patrícia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEmployees play a critical role in materializing the company's purpose as they are the ones responsible for planning and executing all the organizational activities. Considering their vital role, we explored how employees, currently working full‐time from home, perceive their participation in the company's purpose. To do so, we performed online interviews with 23 employees from 14 companies. In addition to employees' perspectives, we collected textual data from the companies' websites where these employees were working, allowing us to compare both perspectives and better understand employees' perspectives. Results revealed that employees do not directly recognize the organizational purpose concept and that the term purpose is barely found on the companies' websites. Therefore, we found that besides a problem of conceptual lack of clarity in the literature, organizational purpose is still on the way to being comprehended within companies. To help solve this problem, based on stakeholder theory, we discuss the meaning of organizational purpose and compare it to related concepts such as mission and vision. Finally, we offer managers orientation on how they should operationalize their companies' purpose and how they may externally communicate it online.
An international Delphi consensus on patient preparation for metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Clyde Danielle R. , Adib Reza , Baig Sarfaraz , Bhasker Aparna G. , Byrne James , Cameron David , Catalain Copaescu , Clare Ken , de Beaux Andrew , Drummond Gillian , Fawal Hayssam , Fried Martin , Ghanem Omar , Graham Yitka , Goel Ramen , Hopkins George , Husain Farah , Joyce Brian , Kermansaravi Mohammad , Kothari Shanu , Kow Lilian , Leite Silvia , Madhok Brij , Mahon David , Miller Karl , Miras Alex , Moussa Osama , Neto Manoel G. , Nimeri Abdelrahman , O'Kane Mary , Parmar Chetan , Peterli Ralph , Poggi Luis , Saliminen Paulina , Sarkar Rupa , Shenfine Jon , Sogg Stephanie , Stenberg Erik , Suter Michel , Taha Safwan , Tahrani Abd , Vilallonga Ramon , Voon Kelvin , Welbourn Richard , Zerrweck Carlos , Lamb Peter , Mahawar Kamal K. , Yang Wah , Robertson Andrew G. N. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryGlobal obesity rates have risen dramatically, now exceeding deaths from starvation. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), initially for severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), is performed globally over 500 000 times annually, offering significant metabolic benefits beyond weight loss. However, varying eligibility criteria globally impact patient care and healthcare resources. Updated in 2022, ASMBS and IFSO guidelines aim to standardise MBS indications, reflecting current understanding and emphasising comprehensive preoperative assessments. Yet, clinical variability persists, necessitating consensus‐based recommendations. This modified Delphi study engaged 45 global experts to establish consensus on perioperative management in MBS. Experts selected from bariatric societies possessed expertise in MBS and participated in a two‐round Delphi protocol. Consensus was achieved on 90 of 169 statements (53.3%), encompassing multidisciplinary team composition, patient selection criteria, preoperative testing, and referral pathways. The agreement highlighted the critical role of comprehensive preoperative assessments and the integration of healthcare professionals in MBS. These findings offer essential insights to standardise perioperative practices and advocate for evidence‐based guidelines in MBS globally. The study underscores the need for unified protocols to optimise outcomes and guide future research in MBS.
Pharmacogenomic variation and sedation outcomes during early intensive care unit admission: A pragmatic study
Authors: Mohamed Moataz E. , Nguyen Tam T. , Larson Jared , Schwake Beatrice , Rivers Zachary , Beilman Greg , Skaar Debra J. , Jacobson Pamala A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnpredicted responses to sedatives and analgesics are common in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) and may be attributed to genetic variation. Our primary aim was to investigate the association between the pharmacogenomic (PGx) variation and sedation outcomes. The secondary aim was to capture intensive care unit (ICU) participants' perceptions of PGx. This was a prospective, observational PGx association study. Adult ICU patients receiving acute MV and sedatives/analgesics were enrolled. The number of altered PGx phenotypes in genes relevant to fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam (CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, COMT, OPRM1, and CYP2B6) were tested with logistic regression for association with achieving ≥60% and ≥70% of time within Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) target range (0 to −2) in the first 24 and 48 h of MV. Participants' perceptions of PGx testing and satisfaction with the return of PGx results were collected. Participants (n = 78) had a median of 2 altered PGx phenotypes. Fentanyl and propofol combination was the most frequently administered regimen. There were non‐significant associations of worse sedation outcomes with an increasing number of altered PGx phenotypes (i.e., adjusted odds ratio of achieving target RASS range = 0.46 to 0.96 for each altered phenotype increase at both 24 and 48 h). Individuals participating in the post‐discharge survey had positive perceptions toward PGx. There were no associations between sedation outcomes and PGx variants in the studied 6 genes. Larger studies are needed to investigate the impact of these genes and to evaluate additional genes. ICU participants had positive attitudes and perceptions toward PGx.
Experiences of participation in daily life of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Cleary Stacey L. , Morgan Prue E. , Wallen Margaret , Honan Ingrid , Shields Nora , Munzel Freya E. , Plummer James R. , Assaad Cassandra , Karlsson Petra , Culnane Evelyn , Ding Jacqueline Y. , Holmes Carlee , Dutia Iain M. , Reddihough Dinah S. , Imms Christine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo synthesize the experiences of 15‐ to 34‐year‐olds with cerebral palsy (CP) as they participate in key life situations of young adulthood.MethodA mixed‐methods scoping review was undertaken and six electronic databases searched (January 2001 to August 2023). Participation foci and thematic outcomes were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results were integrated using a convergent integrated analysis framework, and data analysis completed through thematic synthesis. Themes were mapped to the family of Participation‐Related Constructs.ResultsThirty‐eight publications (32 studies; 2759 participants) were included. More participants were male (n = 1435), walked independently (n = 1319), and lived with their families (n = 1171). ‘Claiming my adulthood and “doing” life’ was the unifying descriptor of participation, conveying the effortful work young people felt necessary to take their places in the adult world. The physical accessibility of the environment was a significant barrier to participation, as were people's negative attitudes or misconceptions about disability. A close‐knit ‘circle of support’, typically family members, formed a supportive foundation during this period.InterpretationYoung people with CP aim to participate fully in adult life, alongside their peers. Improved community accessibility, inclusion, and more supportive health environments would ensure they could live the lives they choose.
Site‐Specific Nutrient Data Reveal the Importance of Soils in Driving the Mycorrhizal Make‐Up of Woody Vegetation Worldwide
Authors: Hua Xiaobin , Lusk Christopher H. , Dickie Ian A. , Adu‐Bredu Stephen , Allen Kathryn J. , Araus Viviana , Augusto Laurent , Barsukov Pavel , Bauman David , Brédoire Félix , Burslem David F. R. P. , Dalling James W. , Depauw Leen , Dexter Kyle G. , Drouet Thomas , Godlee John L. , Godoy Roberto , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Muledi Jonathan Ilunga , Jacobs Arnaud , Kooyman Robert , Latorre Claudio , Angulo Jesús López , Macé Sébastien , Maes Sybryn L. , Gonçalves Francisco Maiato Pedro , Junior Ben Hur Marimon , Nicolas Manuel , Nilus Reuben , O'Brien Michael , Menor Imma Oliveras , Piper Frida I. , Read Jennifer , Reynolds Glen , Saldaña Alfredo , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Verheyen Kris , Westoby Mark , Wigley Benjamin , Wright Ian J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimArbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) have different impacts on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, community dynamics and enhancement of photosynthesis by rising CO2. Recent global analyses have concluded that patterns of AM/ECM dominance in forests worldwide are shaped by climate, with soil nutrients contributing negligible additional explanatory power. However, their reliance on nutrient data from GIS surfaces masks important local influences of parent material, topography and soil age on soil nutrient status. We asked if use of site‐specific nutrient data reveals a more important role for nutrients.Time PeriodPresent day.LocationGlobal dataset comprising 703 sites, encompassing forests, savanna/woodlands, shrublands and deserts on all continents except Antarctica.Taxa StudiedArborescent plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and tree ferns.MethodsGeneralised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to determine the effects of climate variables, soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus on the proportional representation of ECM and of non‐mycorrhizal species (NM) in woody vegetation.ResultsGAMLSS showed a strong negative relationship of ECM representation with mean annual temperature (MAT), and a strong negative relationship with soil total nitrogen. NM representation was highest on dry sites and phosphorus‐poor sites. Reanalysis showed that GIS‐derived soil nutrient data had less explanatory power than site‐specific nutrient data, and resulted in poorer model fits.ConclusionsOur results support the long‐held belief that soil nutrients as well as climate influence the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal syndromes worldwide, and demonstrate the value of using site‐specific nutrient data. Soil nutrients should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the mycorrhizal composition of vegetation and resulting shifts in ecosystem processes.
Latitudinal Variation in the Timing of Nest Predator Activity Is Habitat Specific
Authors: de Framond Léna , Francis Clinton D. , Valcu Mihai , Brumm Henrik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe goal of this work was to investigate whether the community of avian nest predators shifts from nocturnal to diurnal with changes in latitude. This hypothesis was formulated 70 years ago, under the rationale that longer day length during the bird breeding season at high latitudes increases opportunities for visual predators. Based on other studies investigating the identity of nest predators, we also considered variation in the habitat and nest height.LocationGlobal.Time Period1994–2020.Major Taxa StudiedBirds and their nest predators.MethodsWe reviewed studies that report the results of nest monitoring by video or photograph camera and collected data on the identity of nest predators. We then used the activity pattern of the predator species as a proxy to estimate whether predation events were nocturnal or diurnal. We used multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions to investigate whether the probability that nest predators are nocturnal changes with latitude and habitat.ResultsWe found that both habitat and latitude explain variation in the circadian type of nest predators. In open habitats, nest predation was more often due to diurnal predators at high latitudes and nocturnal predators near the equator. In forests, on the other hand, nocturnal predator activity patterns were more common closer to the poles.Main ConclusionsUsing meta‐analytical methods, we show that predator activity varies across habitats and latitude leading to markedly different consequences of predation for prey. These findings suggest that small‐scale environmental factors such as habitat type can strongly affect and even neutralise larger‐scale, ecological patterns. We speculate that day length might act along with other biotic and abiotic factors to shape the timing of nest predation in birds.