bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Strategies in Clinical Guideline Delivery: Randomized Trial of Online, Interactive Decision Support Versus Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Selection by Trainees
Authors: Ramirez Jesus A , Maddali Manoj V , Nematollahi Saman , Li Jonathan Z , Shah Maunank 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Support for clinicians in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine is critical given national HIV-provider shortages. The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines are comprehensive but complex to apply for antiretroviral therapy (ART) selection. Human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral selection support and interactive search tool (HIV-ASSIST) (www.hivassist.com) is a free tool providing ART decision support that could augment implementation of clinical practice guidelines.

Methods
We conducted a randomized study of medical trainees at Johns Hopkins University, in which participants were asked to select an ART regimen for 10 HIV case scenarios through an electronic survey. Participants were randomized to receive either DHHS guidelines alone, or DHHS guidelines and HIV-ASSIST to support their decision making. ART selections were graded “appropriate” if consistent with DHHS guidelines, or concordant with regimens selected by HIV experts at 4 academic institutions.

Results
Among 118 trainees, participants randomized to receive HIV-ASSIST had a significantly higher percentage of appropriate ART selections compared to those receiving DHHS guidelines alone (percentage of appropriate responses in DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST arms: median [Q1, Q3], 40% [30%, 50%] vs 90% [80%, 100%]; P &lt; .001). The effect was seen for all case types, but most pronounced for complex cases involving ART-experienced patients with ongoing viremia (DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST: median [Q1, Q3], 0% [0%, 33%] vs 100% [66%, 100%]).

Conclusions
Trainees using HIV-ASSIST were significantly more likely to choose appropriate ART regimens compared to those using guidelines alone. Interactive decision support tools may be important to ensure appropriate implementation of HIV guidelines.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04080765.
Dantrolene reduces CaMKIIδC-mediated atrial arrhythmias
Authors: Pabel Steffen , Mustroph Julian , Stehle Thea , Lebek Simon , Dybkova Nataliya , Keyser Andreas , Rupprecht Leopold , Wagner Stefan , Neef Stefan , Maier Lars S , Sossalla Samuel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
In atrial fibrillation (AF), an increased diastolic Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) mediated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent-protein-kinaseIIδC (CaMKII) can serve as a substrate for arrhythmia induction and persistence. Dantrolene has been shown to stabilize the cardiac ryanodine-receptor. This study investigated the effects of dantrolene on arrhythmogenesis in human and mouse atria with enhanced CaMKII activity.

Methods and results
Human atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) were isolated from patients with AF. To investigate CaMKII-mediated arrhythmogenesis, atrial CMs from mice overexpressing CaMKIIδC (TG) and the respective wildtype (WT) were studied using confocal microscopy (Fluo-4), patch-clamp technique, and in vivo atrial catheter-based burst stimulations. Dantrolene potently reduced Ca2+ spark frequency (CaSpF) and diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in AF CMs. Additional CaMKII inhibition did not further reduce CaSpF or leak compared to dantrolene alone. While the increased SR CaSpF and leak in TG mice were reduced by dantrolene, no effects could be detected in WT. Dantrolene also potently reduced the pathologically enhanced frequency of diastolic SR Ca2+ waves in TG without having effects in WT. As an increased diastolic SR Ca2+ release can induce a depolarizing transient inward current, we could demonstrate that the incidence of afterdepolarizations in TG, but not in WT, mice was significantly diminished in the presence of dantrolene. To translate these findings into an in vivo situation we could show that dantrolene strongly suppressed the inducibility of AF in vivo in TG mice.

Conclusion
Dantrolene reduces CaMKII-mediated atrial arrhythmogenesis and may therefore constitute an interesting antiarrhythmic drug for treating patients with atrial arrhythmias driven by an enhanced CaMKII activity, such as AF.
Safety and quality of bacterially fermented functional foods and beverages: a mini review
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bacteria have been employed widely in the food and beverage industry, with evolving dimensions in recent years. Proteases derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are useful in the production of fermented functional beverages and are of particular use in conditioning their shelf life, nutritional content, flavour, and texture quality, thus making fermented foods and beverages functional and therapeutic. This review focuses on bacteria, especially protease-producing LAB used in food processing, and their usefulness in the production of functional foods and beverages. A case study of oat beverages was briefly explored due to its popularity. The safety and quality importance of the food products were also considered with a few recommendations.
Relocated aftershocks and background seismicity in eastern Indonesia shed light on the 2018 Lombok and Palu earthquake sequences
Authors: Supendi P , Nugraha A D , Widiyantoro S , Pesicek J D , Thurber C H , Abdullah C I , Daryono D , Wiyono S H , Shiddiqi H A , Rosalia S 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYHigh seismicity rates in eastern Indonesia occur due to the complex interaction of several tectonic plates which resulted in two deadly, destructive earthquake sequences that occurred in Lombok Island and the city of Palu, Sulawesi in 2018. The first sequence began in July with an Mw 6.4 event near Lombok, culminating in an Mw 7.0 event 8 d later. This was then followed by a nearby Mw 6.9 event 12 d later. Approximately 1000 km to the northeast, a separate sequence began several weeks later near Palu where an Mw 7.5 event occurred that triggered a tsunami. In this study, we present hypocentre relocations for both earthquake sequences as well as all other regional earthquakes in eastern Indonesia. The relocations were performed using a teleseismic double-difference relocation method and arrival times for P and S waves from stations at local, regional, and teleseismic distances. The catalogue and phase data were taken from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) of Indonesia and the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for the period of April 2009 through November 2018. The relocated catalogue provides an improved view of seismicity in eastern Indonesia over the study period, sharpening locations and interpretations of seismogenic features throughout the region. In the Lombok area, the relocated earthquakes clearly show a backarc thrust to the north of the Sunda-Banda Arc transition zone. The relocated aftershocks show that the destructive Mw 7.0 and Mw 6.9 earthquakes of the Lombok sequence ruptured two different regions: The Mw 7.0 earthquake propagated westward, whereas the Mw 6.9 earthquake propagated eastward. The entire sequence of Lombok earthquakes was most likely started by the Mw 6.4 event as the initial event or foreshock, which then triggered backarc thrusts on both sides. Several weeks later and far to the northeast, the Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake occurred along the Palu-Koro Fault, filling a seismic gap that had not ruptured in an Mw 6.0 event or larger since at least 1900. The distribution of aftershocks indicates that the northern part of the Palu-Koro Fault has lower relative seismicity rates than the southern part at shallow depths, and that off fault aftershocks are mostly located to the east of the Palu-Koro Fault.
Novel truncating mutations in CTNND1 cause a dominant craniofacial and cardiac syndrome
Authors: Alharatani Reham , Ververi Athina , Beleza-Meireles Ana , Ji Weizhen , Mis Emily , Patterson Quinten T , Griffin John N , Bhujel Nabina , Chang Caitlin A , Dixit Abhijit , Konstantino Monica , Healy Christopher , Hannan Sumayyah , Neo Natsuko , Cash Alex , Li Dong , Bhoj Elizabeth , Zackai Elaine H , Cleaver Ruth , Baralle Diana , McEntagart Meriel , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Scott Richard , Hurst Jane A , Au Ping Yee Billie , Hosey Marie Therese , Khokha Mustafa , Marciano Denise K , Lakhani Saquib A , Liu Karen J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCTNND1 encodes the p120-catenin (p120) protein, which has a wide range of functions, including the maintenance of cell–cell junctions, regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transcriptional signalling. Due to advances in next-generation sequencing, CTNND1 has been implicated in human diseases including cleft palate and blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome albeit only recently. In this study, we identify eight novel protein-truncating variants, six de novo, in 13 participants from nine families presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms including cleft palate and hypodontia, as well as congenital cardiac anomalies, limb dysmorphologies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Using conditional deletions in mice as well as CRISPR/Cas9 approaches to target CTNND1 in Xenopus, we identified a subset of phenotypes that can be linked to p120-catenin in epithelial integrity and turnover, and additional phenotypes that suggest mesenchymal roles of CTNND1. We propose that CTNND1 variants have a wider developmental role than previously described and that variations in this gene underlie not only cleft palate and BCD but may be expanded to a broader velocardiofacial-like syndrome.
Population dynamics of three brachyuran crab species (Decapoda) in Icelandic waters: impact of recent colonization of the Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus)
Authors: Gíslason Sindri , Pálsson Snæbjörn , Jónasson Jónas P , Guls Hermann Dreki , Svavarsson Jörundur , Halldórsson Halldór P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus) was first found in Icelandic waters in 2006. Since then, the species has dispersed rapidly and is currently found clockwise from the southwest coast of Iceland to the east, corresponding to &gt;70% of the coastline. Here, we present a monitoring study on this non-indigenous crab species in Iceland from 2007 to 2019. The study shows that the rock crab is now the most abundant brachyuran crab species on soft substrate bottoms in Southwest Iceland, both as adults and planktonic larvae, indicating that it is outcompeting its rival native species, the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and the spider crab (Hyas araneus). The average size of the rock crab was similar over time (2007–2019), although it fluctuated between years in a pattern similar to that for the green crab, while significant reduction in size was observed for male spider crabs. The rock crab population is still in a growth phase in Icelandic waters, as seen in increasing distributional range, and can be found in densities comparable to the highest reported for the species in its native range in North America.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factors: interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain inhibition decreases inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jiang Yicheng , Li Xue , Xu Hai , Gu Yang , Shi Feiya , Wang Fang , Zhang Xiwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-AMI cardiac remodelling is closely related to the prognosis of AMI. The excess inflammatory responses could promote cardiac remodelling. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) has been identified as a nuclear factor (NF)-κB activator, which plays a key role in the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. The goal of this research was to investigate the expression and the underlying mechanism of TIFA in an AMI mouse model.

METHODS
The AMI mouse model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. TIFA and NF-κB knockdown were established by lentivirus transduction. The expression levels of associated proteins were analysed by a western blot or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological characteristics were evaluated by haematoxylin–eosin staining.

RESULTS
The TIFA level was elevated in our AMI mouse model. The production of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α increased markedly in the mice with AMI. TIFA knockdown inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, production of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), NF-κB activation and cardiac remodelling (matrix metallopeptidase 9) post-AMI. In addition, NF-κB knockdown could also alleviate cardiac remodelling after AMI.

CONCLUSIONS
The preceding results indicated that TIFA inhibition could ameliorate cardiac remodelling after AMI partly through inactivation of NF-κB. This study provides insights into further research of cardiac remodelling and AMI from bench to clinic.
Burden of Adults Hospitalized With Group B Streptococcal Infection
Authors: McLaughlin John M , Peyrani Paula , Furmanek Stephen , Khan Farid L , Quinn Angela , Jodar Luis , Ramirez Julio , Swerdlow David L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The burden of noninvasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in adults is unknown. We determined population-based rates of hospitalization where invasive or noninvasive GBS infections were identified among US adults in a defined catchment area.

Methods
We identified adults with clinical and laboratory-confirmed evidence of GBS infection from January 2014 through December 2016 from 6 hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky. Invasive disease was defined as GBS isolated from a normally sterile site.

Results
Among 1076 adults with GBS infection, the median age was 52 years, 51% were male, and 89% had ≥1 chronic medical condition. The most prevalent infection sites were skin and soft tissue (39%), urinary tract (23%), bone and joint (16%), and bloodstream (11%). Forty percent of infections were polymicrobial. The annual incidence of GBS-associated hospitalization was 73 per 100 000 adults and 68 and 100 per 100 000 for patients aged 18–64 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. For every invasive GBS infection, 3.7 noninvasive infections occurred.

Conclusions
Our population-based study outlines the full burden of GBS-associated hospitalization in adults and found incidence rates comparable to those of pneumococcal disease, where vaccines are recommended. Noninvasive disease was 3–4 times more common than invasive disease, suggesting that the GBS burden among adults is considerably greater than previously recognized.
Prospectively identifying adults with serious mental illness at risk for poor physical health: The role of person reported outcomes
Authors: Hochman Limor , Moran Galia S , Gelkopf Marc , Roe David , Shadmi Efrat 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Persons with serious mental illnesses are at increased risk for co-occurring physical comorbidities. Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used in routine assessments of persons with serious mental illnesses, yet the relation of patient-reported outcome measures to physical health outcomes has not been comprehensively investigated. We examined the association between patient-reported outcome measures and self-reported physical health at 1-year follow-up.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Data were collected as part of the Israeli Psychiatric Rehabilitation Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement program in Israel.

Participants
A total of 2581 psychiatric rehabilitation service users assessed between April 2013 and January 2016.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reports on two consecutive years of physical health dichotomized as poor versus good.

Results
More than one-third of participants reported having poor physical health. Multivariate regression analysis showed that quality of life (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.84) and lack of effect of symptoms on functioning (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.74–0.89) predict subsequent physical health, controlling for all other factors. Compared to a multivariate model with personal characteristics and self-reports on physical health at baseline (Model A), the model which also included patient-reported outcome measures (Model B) showed slightly better discrimination (c-statistic: 0.74 vs. 0.76, respectively).

Conclusions
These results suggest that patient-reported outcome measures contribute to the prediction of poor physical health and thus can be useful as an early screening tool for people with serious mental illnesses living in the community, who are at risk of physical health problems.
Contribution of hypermutation to fosfomycin heteroresistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Portillo-Calderón Inés , Ortiz-Padilla Miriam , Rodríguez-Martínez Jose Manuel , de Gregorio-Iaria Belen , Blázquez Jesús , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Pascual Alvaro , Docobo-Pérez Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the effect of combining defects in DNA repair systems with the presence of fosfomycin-resistant mechanisms to explain the mechanisms underlying fosfomycin heteroresistance phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae.Materials and methodsWe used 11 clinical Escherichia coli isolates together with isogenic single-gene deletion mutants in the E. coli DNA repair system or associated with fosfomycin resistance, combined with double-gene deletion mutants. Fosfomycin MICs were determined by gradient strip assay (GSA) and broth microdilution (BMD). Mutant frequencies for rifampicin (100 mg/L) and fosfomycin (50 and 200 mg/L) were determined. Using two starting inocula, in vitro fosfomycin activity was assessed over 24 h in growth (0.5–512 mg/L) and time–kill assays (64 and 307 mg/L).ResultsStrong and weak mutator clinical isolates and single-gene deletion mutants, except for ΔuhpT and ΔdnaQ, were susceptible by GSA. By BMD, the percentage of resistant clinical isolates reached 36%. Single-gene deletion mutants showed BMD MICs similar to those for subpopulations by GSA. Strong mutators showed a higher probability of selecting fosfomycin mutants at higher concentrations. By combining the two mechanisms of mutation, MICs and ranges of resistant subpopulations increased, enabling strains to survive at higher fosfomycin concentrations in growth monitoring assays. In time–kill assays, high inocula increased survival by 37.5% at 64 mg/L fosfomycin, compared with low starting inocula.ConclusionsThe origin and variability of the fosfomycin heteroresistance phenotype can be partially explained by high mutation frequencies together with mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance. Subpopulations should be considered until clinical meaning is established.
Strategies for Successful Recruitment and Retention of Parents in Pediatric Psychosocial eHealth Interventions: A Qualitative Study in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Canter Kimberly S , Vega Gabriela , Ramirez Alejandra Perez , Deatrick Janet A , Kazak Anne E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Psychosocial intervention studies with parents often have difficulty with regard to participant recruitment, retention, and engagement. Prior to conducting a pilot test of the Electronic Surviving Cancer Competently Intervention Program (eSCCIP), a psychosocial eHealth intervention for parents of children with cancer, a qualitative study was designed to preemptively generate strategies to address potential difficulties in these domains.

Methods
Two focus groups and three semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with cancer. Qualitative data were analyzed using the principles of thematic and content analysis. Themes were generated to describe results and inform the development of concrete recruitment, retention, and engagement strategies to be utilized in future intervention trials.

Results
Five themes emerged specific to recruitment, and three themes emerged related to retention and engagement. Parents highlighted a number of important potential recruitment, retention, and engagement strategies, including the importance of flexibility, ease of access and use, intervention timing, and pathways to follow-up care. Themes were linked to actionable recruitment, retention, and engagement strategies which can be utilized in future studies.

Conclusion
Results from the current study will be utilized when designing future eSCCIP intervention trials and will also be of use to the broader field of psychosocial eHealth intervention research in pediatric psychology. This study also underscores the importance of working with parent stakeholders at all phases of study design and implementation.
Viewing Participation in Censuses and Surveys through the Lens of Lifestyle Segments
Authors: Mulry Mary H , Bates Nancy , Virgile Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As the 2020 US Census approaches, the preparations include tests of new methodologies for enumeration that have the potential to reduce cost and improve quality. The 2015 Census Test in Savannah, GA, included tests of Internet and mail response modes and of online delivery of social marketing communications focused on persuading the public to respond by Internet and mail. Merging data from the 2015 Census Test with external third-party lifestyle segments and the Census Bureau’s new Low Response Score (LRS) produces a dataset suitable for studying relationships between census response, LRSs, and lifestyle segments. This paper uses the merged dataset to examine whether lifestyle segments can provide insight to hard-to-survey populations, their response behavior, and interactions with social marketing communications. The article also includes analyses with nationwide data that support the broader application of using segmentation variables in self-response propensity models and a discussion of potential applications of segment lifestyle information in tailored and targeted survey designs for hard-to-survey populations.
Dynamical and physical features of Perseid meteoroids from Tajikistan fireball network observations
Authors: Kokhirova G I , Babadzhanov P B , Khamroev U H , Latipov M N , Faizov Sh B 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe present the results of a study of the dynamical and physical properties of large-sized Perseid meteoroids based on optical observations. Photographic observations of the Perseid meteor shower were carried out during the maximum of its activity in 2007–2011 using the Tajikistan fireball network. Multistation images of 29 Perseids recorded during this period were processed. The atmospheric trajectories, velocities, radiants, orbits, photometric masses and densities of the meteoroids were determined using the astrometric and photometric reduction of fireball images. The initial masses of meteoroids that produced fireballs range from several to 20 g. The observed light-curves of the Perseids and the mean bulk density of most meteoroids of ~0.4 g cm−3 are typical for cometary matter. According to the radiants, velocities and orbits, the captured Perseids are related both to the annual component of the stream and to the dust trail ejected by the parent comet 109P/Swift–Tuttle during its last perihelion passage in 1992.