bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suggestion models of temperature differentials for the composite box girder bridge
Authors: Numan Hesham A , Salman Heba Kadhm , Abbas Aamer N , Obed Ahmed H , Özakça Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The trend and behavior of Composite Box Girder Bridge (CBGB) are distinctly affected by the surrounding combination environment actions due to these constructions are erected in open environments. From this consideration, this research deals with the effect of the bridge’s longitudinal axis, the geometrical configuration of CBGB and the thickness of the asphalt in addition to the season parameters on the temperature differentials under the combination of the surrounding environment actions; solar radiation, atmospheric temperature, and wind speed. To achieve this aim, the full-scale experimental composite concrete slab-steel box girder segment constructed on a campus of Gaziantep University and Finite Element (FE) program (COMSOL) activated. Two temperature differential models (vertical and horizontal) introduced during the typical summer actions, which considered as the reference thermal inputs when studied all parameters. This research demonstrated that the fashion of temperature differential weather along or across the CBGB was not sensitive under all ranges of the individual parameters generally. Additionally, based on the obtained results from this research, the vertical and horizontal of temperature differential models are proposed that can aid the engineers in design practices of such constructions without restoring to experimental tests that are always costly.
Seismic performance of bridge piers
Authors: Al-Aayedi Hussam K. , Aldefae Asad H. , Shamkhi Mohammed S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The bridges that constructed in earthquake-prone areas perhaps subjected to sudden earthquake through their construction and service period. So, attentions should be pushed during bridge design specially, as they are one of the main civil infrastructures. The bridge piers are the main parts of bridges whether they are built across river or even as an express highway projects. This paper presented an experimental study of seismic performance of concrete bridge piers. Several important parameters have been studied such as acceleration response, seismic displacements, the bridge pier model settlement and the failure mechanism. Principles of physical modeling are used to fabricate two bridge pier models and shaking table (1-g tests) were performed under 0.82g waveform (i) Chamfered bridge pier built on saturated cohessionless soil (test-1) (ii) Oblong bridge pier built on saturated cohessionless soil(test-2). The output results included the acceleration response in term of the time acceleration and acceleration response spectra, failure mechanism during shacking, seismic displacement of the bridge pier model. The results show that the amplification in the acceleration is increases significantly at the top of the bridge pier. The seismic displacement is suddenly increased sharply due to strong motion. Overturning failure mechanism about the heel of the bridge pier has been observed in test-1 and test-2.
Correlation between Stress and Strain of wood used in construction
Authors: salman Mohammed Mosleh , Muttar Ammar , Mohammad Hussein kareem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wood is a biomaterial and its used for different purposes in construction. The testing of any material is very important to decide its suitability, quality and making decision whether it will be used or not so it is necessary to determine the mechanical properties of wood inorder to have an idea about its behavior during loading of structure. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical characteristics of wood used as a building material through studying the stress-strain diagram of this constructional material and calculating the modulus of elasticity of wood in various methods which is considered as the main property of wood. The experimental part of this study included testing of many prisms with dimensions of 75 × 5 × 5cm. Under bending and measure the deflection during the stages of loading until occurance of failure and draw the stress-strain graph for each specimen. The conclusion and recommendation will be written especially that concerning the using of wood as a structural material in formworks.
Use environmentally friendly hydraulic power to design a hydraulic rapid mixing basin in the drinking water treatment plant
Authors: Ghawi Ali Hadi , Tisti Habeeb Jafer Mahrath 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Most cities in Iraq provide drinking water by purifying river water of physical and chemical contaminants. It uses energy from petroleum (electricity). As it seeks to get drinking water from the rivers with clean and renewable technologies and energy, the State of Iraq plans to use one of its most abundant resources to address the shortage of fresh water, namely hydropower. This study is based on the use of hydraulic energy (environmentally friendly) in the purification of water instead of the use of electricity. The use of electrical energy in water purification has a lot of problems, including the continuous interruption of the current and therefore stop the station from work and that it needs periodic maintenance and need to staff specialized for operation and maintenance, so it is expensive while the use of hydraulic energy will help to solve most of these problems. The possibility of replacing the rapid-mechanical mixing basin to the rapid hydraulic mixing, which operates according to the principle of forced forexes, where the study of the performance of the drinking water treatment plant in the eastern district of Al-Hamzah On the ADiwaniyah River in the southern province of ADiwaniyah, where concentrations of pollutants in the river are high in the study area. Where samples were taken from different locations for water in the drinking water treatment plant of Al-Hamzah for different treatment stages. Where the pollutants were examined in the laboratories of the Environment Directorate of ADiwaniyah and the laboratories of the Faculty of Engineering. All concentrations of physical and chemical contaminants were higher than the standards of Iraqi standards and the efficiency of treatment was not as low as 83%. This is due to the continuous interruption of electrical current and the failure of the mechanical equipment of the rapid mechanical mixing basin, which requires periodic maintenance and the continuation of the addition of high coagulant doses which cause high processing costs as well as the high concentration of aluminum used for coagulation. Therefore, a hydraulic mixing basin was used by conducting experiments in the fluid laboratory In the Faculty of Engineering using the Free and Forced Vortex, which has been developed and adjust suit the requirements of the study. There have been various experiments to obtain the best dimension of hydraulic mixer and best amount of coagulant to remove the turbidity and the best mixing speed and the best value of the pH, which achieved processing efficiency of up to 98.0%.
Removal of Cd(ll) from polluted water by filtration using iron oxide coated sand media
Authors: Al Jaaf Hyman Jafar Meerza , Al-Ubaidy Mohammed Ibrahem Basheer , Al-Sharify Zainab T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCadmium is a poisonous metal that may influence numerous organs in the human body; coated sand with iron oxide (IOCS) was prepared and utilized in this study as a filter media to investigate its removal efficiency of cadmium from Synthetic polluted water. The removal efficiency variation due to pH value, operation time, and the initial concentration were investigated. The results show good capability of the filtration media in removing cadmium ions which could reach about 95 % at a specific operating condition, optimal pH value, and operation time were 4, 30 min respectively while initial concentration higher than 1 mg/l would require longer operation time. In order to provide a practical tool to predict the removal efficiency under specific operating conditions a mathematical model and statistical analysis was applied, statistical analysis showed that the model had good representation capability.
Effect of Adding Sand on Clayey Soil Shear Strength
Authors: Al-Badran Yasir M. , Al-Ameri Abbas F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effect of adding sand on clayey soil shear strength is investigated in this study. Five different percentage of clay-sand mixtures are used; 100% clay with 0% sand termed 100C, 60% clay with 40% sand termed 60C-40S, 30% clay with 70% sand termed 30C-70S, 15% clay with 85% sand termed 15C-85S, and as well as 100% sand termed 100S. The used clay was obtained from Baghdad city in Iraq and classified as CH soil, while the used sand was taken from Al-Khider area from Iraq and classified as SW soil. The initial dry unit weight for all mixtures is 16 kN/m3. The results show that the variations of the soil shear strength properties with soil components content changes almost as polynomial function. The results show that the soil cohesion (C) decrease as the sand percentage increases, while the angle of internal friction (ϕ) increases as the sand percentage increases. The cohesion (C) decreases with 68%, 99%, 97% and 100% as the sand percentage increases with 40%, 70%, 85% and 100% respectively from pure clay soil 100C. While, the angle of internal friction (ϕ) increases with 148%, 410%, 471% and 676% as the sand percentage increases with 40%, 70%, 85% and 100% respectively from pure clay soil 100C. Finally, a predicted (fitting) equations are achieved for the variation of the clayey soil shear strength properties with sand content with good agreement.
Impact of the Saline Irrigation Water on Crop Production
Authors: Karim Ibtisam Raheem , Jameel Mohammed Abid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An experimental study was carried out on the experimental field in Baghdad during the spring season of 2018 to investigate the effects of water quality and irrigation method on yield of maize crop. To this end, two types of water quality were investigated i.e. fresh water, and highly saline water (6.46 dS/m). Besides, the alternating irrigation method were adopted to analyze the possible enhancements of Maize crop production through two irrigate of fresh water followed by one irrigate of highly saline water. These different types of water quality were irrigated by using two irrigation system (drip and furrow). The gross area of the field is 1000 m2 divided into 24 plots, with an area of 9 m2 for each plot and distant of 2 m between each adjacent plots. The fresh water and highly saline water with alternating irrigation method were applied during planting season of 2018. Maize yield measurements were taken for each replicate. Results indicated that, the plots which were irrigated with fresh water gave the highest yield compared with the plots irrigated by the saline water. Statistical analysis and the linear equations showed a significant correlation between yield reduction and increasing water salinity levels. Also, the results show significant differences in yield reduction between the different irrigated water under the two irrigation systems, where furrow irrigation system gave maize yield reduction more than drip irrigation system.
Stabilization of Baiji Sand Dunes by Petroleum Residues
Authors: Al-Soud Madhat S. , Al-Shakarchi Yousif J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research is concerned with the use of petroleum residues to stabilize Baiji sand dunes. The purpose of this research is to study the stabilizing effect of these residues irrespective of their possible toxicity to plant and environment. Two petroleum mixtures were prepared in different mulching rates to test their efficiency in stabilizing sand dunes. Those mixtures were added to the dune samples with variable mulching rates, mixtures temperatures and initial water contents. Mechanical stability was estimated from percent of dry aggregates greater than 0.84 mm and percent of aggregates less than 0.42 mm. The mixtures of petroleum residues used in this study were found to be effective in forming large amounts of nonerodible aggregates greater than 0.84 mm and reducing the erodible aggregates less than 0.42 mm. treated samples also showed a good stability against breakdown under repeated sieving and the effect of cyclic freezing and thawing on the mean weight diameter factor MWD. The results of repeated sieving test RST showed that petroleum mixtures create a stable crust preventing the bare sand dunes from erosion.
Molecular Characteristics of Cement-Lime Treated contaminated-Lateritic Clay Soil
Authors: Saeed Khitam Abdulhussein , Kassi Khairul Anuar , Nur Hadi , Al-Hashimi Shaymaa Abdul Muttaleb 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The existence of contaminated land due to industrial and mining activities is an important apprehension in today’s highly industrialized nations. However, the effect of these contaminants on the geotechnical properties of clayey soils can be modified by the chemical stabilization using traditional stabilizers like cement and lime, which result in achieving suitable material for construction purposes. Molecular characteristics of cement and lime stabilized contaminated-Lateritic clay soil presented in this research. This objective was applied by studying the induced alterations in molecular structure of cement-lime, and heavy metals stabilized lateritic soil using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In current study, FTIR was performed to invistigate the molecular amendments in the structure of treated samples before and after contamination. Based on the results, the major vibrational bands were attributed to the kaolinite minerals. Furthermore, other bands appeared due to the presence of quartz and hematite. A new band was detected at 1462cm−1 with low intensity assigned to the carbonates, which was noticed increasing with time due to the producing of calcite. Also, it was detected a new sharp band at 1384cm−1 related to zinc and copper nitrates due the presence of heavy metals.
Adsorption of Terasil Blue on Prosopis Farcta: Performance and Modelling Study
Authors: Jaeel Ali J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural materials which are readily available in large amounts in nature may be used as low cost additives. The purpose of this research is to inspect the possibility of the naturally available material; Prosopis Farcta (PF) plant; to improve dyes from textile wastewater. Prosopis Farcta and activated carbon were used as adsorbents in order to make a comparison to remove terasil blue dyes (TB). Batch tests investigated the adsorption isotherm of TB at room temperature and various parameters such as the adsorbent dose, contact time and initial dye concentration. The experimental results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of PF was found to be 85% at a fixed 200 rpm mixing speed, pH value 8, mixing time 90 minutes and the dose of adsorbent 0.5g. The maximum removal efficiency of AC was found to be 96% at a fixed 200 rpm mixing speed, pH value 8, mixing time 90 minutes and the dose of adsorbent 0.5g. The above removal efficiencies were obtained at temperature 24±1 °C and initial TB dye concentration 15 mg/l. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were assigned to analyse the test data. Findings revealed that Langmuir adsorption isotherm was best model for TB adsorption onto AC and PF with energy of adsorption (Qo) 2.495 mg/g and 1.652 mg/g, the maximum adsorption capacity (b) 7.08 l/mg and 0.307 l/mg at coefficient of determination 0.9958 and 0.9718 respectively.
Derivation of Earth Geoid Model for Mosul City in Iraq
Authors: Hussain R Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The quality and efficiency of geoid models have been developed rapidly to provide elevations instead of traditional surveying. The high cost and the long measurement time of surveying instrumentation cause an urgent need for deriving local Earth Geoid Model (EGM). Hundred control points are selected on the study area topographic map. The study area is located in Mosul city in Iraq. Multiple earth geoid models have been derived using different interpolation methods available in ArcGIS environment. The results of statistical analysis determine the best interpolation method. The percentage root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the adapted interpolation methods are 26.54 %, 28.43 %, 30.13 %, 34.79 %, 36.75 %, and 37.28 % in kriging, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Trend, Natural Neighbor, Spline, and Topo To Raster, respectively. Kriging interpolation gives minimum standard deviation (2.226 m) and RMSE (2.654 m) so it is the preferable method. The results indicate that the geoid is departed from GPS Visualizer data by the mean value of minus (1.405 m) in the study area.
Behavior of Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Building Containing Waste Plastic and Fibers
Authors: Noori Abdul_Qader Nihad , Numan Hesham A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlenty of waste plastic is one of the major problems for environmental sustainability as plastic contaminates the mainland, rivers, and seas. Moreover, many-sided behavior of waste plastic (lightweight, flexible, cheap, strong, and moisture-resistant) can make it a replacement for or alternative to coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper investigates the properties and strength of reinforced concrete flat plate slabs using recycled waste plastic as a coarse aggregate instead of the conventional aggregate to produce lightweight concrete. Also studying the effectiveness of adding polypropylene fibers for enhancing both concrete properties and shear strength of the reinforced concrete respectively in a flat slab. All specimens had the same dimensions and main flexural reinforcement ratio and they were subjected to concentrated vertical loads. Four mixes had been tested in this work, the results showed that using waste plastic mixed with polypropylene fibers to produce lightweight concrete was very promising. It was observed that by adding polypropylene fibers the failure pattern was shifted from punching to flexural. Ultimate load, crack pattern, and deflection had been included and discussed for all specimens.
Improvement of traffic control at intersection sites
Authors: Imran Muneeb Salam , Ewadh Hussein Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a frequent need for conducting an evaluation to upgrade mobility and safety at intersections. The study goal is to; examine the suitable type of control, demonstrate a typical scenario for evaluation task, and achieve suitable alternatives that solve problems of congestion and their consequences. The optimized choice with a design of traffic operation as well as the geometric layout, are proposed for each studied site. Five individual intersections were studied within Babylon province in Iraq. Three methods are adopted due to; Institute of Highway Transportation IHT, Department of Transportation DoT and Iraqi Highway Design Manual SORB, to identify the suitable control. SYNCHRO 10 software is used for analyzing operational performance for existing conditions and suggested alternatives. Due to SYNCHRO 10, most intersections operate at an unacceptable level of service. Converting the Station and Al-Irjoan intersections from TWSC type to roundabout type decreased the average delay about 97% and 95% respectively. For the signal intersections, Al-Salam and Awlad-Muslim, the indirect left turn is the best alternative with a decrease in delay by about 91% and 92% respectively. For Al-Sadah intersection, installation of a traffic signal instead of AWSC type decreased the delay about 82%. Thereby level of service raised from F to B in; The Station intersection, Al-Salam intersection and Al-Irjoan intersection. LOS also raised from D to A in Awald-Muslim intersection and from F to C in Al-Sadah intersection.
Finite Element Modelling of Normal and High Strength Reinforced Concrete Square Columns
Authors: Abtan Yaarub Gatia , Mahdi Hayder A. , Hassan Hassan Falah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with a numerical simulation of reinforced concrete square columns. The behavior of reinforced square columns of normal and high strength concrete was studied, and special attention paid to the concrete strength, ratio of longitudinal steel reinforcement, as well as reinforcement steel grade of this type of columns. In the present study, ABAQUS program was utilized to represent the response of this type of columns. The numerical model of finite element employs the approach of damaged plasticity for concrete. For effectiveness, a column of reinforced concrete was represented that had been comparison with experimental results that presented from the other researchers. In this research the numerical results were done for three types of loading, columns subjected to pure compressive force only (compression failure is done), columns undergo bending moment only (tension failure is done), and finally columns under axial load as well as bending moment such that the tension and compression failure is done at same moment. An interaction equation was derived in this research and can be applicable for any section of columns. The present equation was appeared a very good results when compare its interaction diagram with interaction diagram driven from previous works.
Artificial neural network model for removal of copper ions from pollutant solutions by olives seeds powder
Authors: Madhloom Huda M. , Jassam Salim H , Rushed Salwa Rahman , Rashid Hatim A. , AL-Gburi Majed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) model was done to develop and to predict the Pollutant Removal Efficiency (PRE) of Copper Cu (II) ions from polluted solution by olives seeds powder. Five model variables as Adsorbent dosage, the initial concentration, initial pH, agitation speed, and contact time was studied to optimize the conditions for maximum removal efficiency of Cu (II) ions. Perceptron Multilayer Networks (PMN), with a back-propagation algorithm where the sigmoid axon transforms function for input and output layers is adopted. The PMN model is systematically trained with 425 data points and is validated with data points from the database. The optimum values of learning parameters that are giving encouraging and satisfactory with a correlation coefficient of about 0.983 at training and 0.987 at verification for variables used in this study. The model results showed that the major important parameter influencing on the removal efficiency is the initial copper concentration 37.3%, olive seeds dosage 23.53%, the agitation speed 21%, the pH 10.38%, and smallest influence has the contact time 7.77%. The results showed a good agreement between the ANN model result and the experimental result.