bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of RDX and HMX explosive adduct ions using ESI FT‐ICR MS
Authors: Lee Jihyeon , Kim Min Sun , Kim Hyun Sik , Choe Yoong‐Kee , Cho Soo Gyeong , Goh Eun Mee , Kim Jeongkwon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigation of two common explosives such as cyclonite (RDX) and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) using a mass spectrometer with ultrahigh resolution and accuracy has not been comprehensively performed. Here, ultrahigh mass accuracy 15‐T Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) spectra were utilized to comprehensively characterize the adduct ions of RDX and HMX. Two different ionization sources such as a conventional electrospray ionization (ESI) source and a chip‐based static nano‐ESI source were used to investigate the adduct ions of RDX and HMX. The ESI‐MS analyses of two explosives in negative ion mode provide some adduct ions of RDX and HMX even without prior addition of their corresponding anions. A total of six types of adduct ion were characterized: [M + Cl]−, [M + HCOO]−, [M + NO2]−, [M + CH3COO]−, [M + NO3]−, and [M + C3H5O3]−, where M is either RDX or HMX. The ultrahigh accuracy of the 15‐T FT‐ICR MS was utilized to distinguish two closely spaced peaks representing the monoisotopic [M + NO2]− and second isotopic [M + HCOO]− ions, thereby enabling the discovery of a [M + NO2]− adduct ion in the ESI analysis of RDX or HMX. [M + NO2]− and [M + CH3COO]− adduct ions were only observed when using a static nano‐ESI source. It is the first report explaining the discovery of [M + NO2]− adduct ion in the ESI‐MS analyses of RDX and HMX.
Clinical validation of an immunochromatographic SARS‐Cov‐2 IgM/IgG antibody assay with Japanese cohort
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Nukui Yoko , Arashiro Takeshi , Aiso Yoshibumi , Sugii Maya , Hadano Yoshiro , Nagata Kaoru , Taki Reiko , Ueda Ken , Hanada Satoko , Suzaki Shinichiro , Harada Naoshige , Yamaguchi Yoshimi , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Kurosaki Masayuki , Nagasawa Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a major health threat. To overcome COVID‐19, appropriate diagnosis methods are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS‐Cov‐2 IgM/IgG antibody (Ab).MethodsPatients confirmed COVID‐19 (n = 51) were recruited prospectively from the Musashino Red Cross hospital and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, between March and May 2020. And the analytical specificity was assessed with serum samples of patients without COVID‐19 (n = 100) collected between August to September 2019 before SARS‐CoV‐2 was first reported in China.ResultsAmong COVID‐19 patients, a total of 87 serum samples were tested for SARS‐Cov‐2 IgM/IgG Ab assay. IgM was detected 71.0 %, 86.9 %, and 83.3 % at day8‐14, 15‐28, >29 after symptom onset and IgG was detected in 81.6 %, 87.0 %, and 94.4 %, respectively. The sensitivity of IgM and IgG Ab after day8 assay was significantly higher than before day7, respectively (p=0.0016, 0.0003). There were no positive results in 100 serum samples from patients without COVID‐19.ConclusionThe SARS‐Cov‐2 IgM/IgG Ab assay had 79.7% / 86.1% sensitivity (the 8 days after from onset) and 100% specificity in this population.
The association of interleukin‐6 value, interleukin inhibitors, and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 in New York City
Authors: Maeda Tetsuro , Obata Reiichiro , Rizk DO Dahlia , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince cytokine release syndrome with elevation of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is considered to be associated with severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); IL‐6 inhibitors, such as tocilizumab, are expected to be effective for its treatment. This was a retrospective study using a consecutive cohort of 224 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in March 2020. Patients were divided into those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU group) and those not (no ICU group), and clinical data including usage of tocilizumab were compared. Correlation between IL‐6 value at admission and at peak, and tocilizumab use, as well as clinical outcomes were also investigated. The ICU group had higher rates of pre‐existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary disease, and higher IL‐6 than no ICU group (all P < .05). Age, peak IL‐6, and peak d‐dimer were significant predictors of in‐hospital mortality (1.05 [1.01‐1.09], P = .012; 1.001 [1.000‐1.002], P = .002; 1.10 [1.03‐1.18], P = .008). Receiver operating characteristics curve showed higher predictability of in‐hospital mortality with IL‐6 at peak than others (area under curve; IL‐6 at peak: 0.875 [0.87‐0.942], IL‐6 at admission: 0.794 [0.699‐0.889], d‐dimer at peak 0.787 [0.690‐0.883], d‐dimer at admission 0.726 [0.625‐0.827]). Incidence of fungal infections was significantly higher in patients who were given tocilizumab than those who were not (13.0% vs 1.1%, P < .001). Notably, tocilizumab did not affect in‐hospital mortality after adjustment including IL‐6 (odds ratio [95% confidential interval]: 1.00 [0.27‐3.72, P = .998]). Age, peak IL‐6, and peak d‐dimer levels were significant predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Tocilizumab did not decrease in‐hospital mortality in our cohort.
Use of Home Enteral Nutrition in Malnourished Post‐Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Velapati Saketh R. , Schroeder Sarah E. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Buttar Navtej S. , Mohamed Elfadil Osman , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery is by far the most effective treatment option available for successfully achieving and maintaining weight loss in the obese population, but it can also be associated with complications that lead to malnutrition. There is limited data on how enteral nutrition (EN) can be used to provide nutrition support in such cases.MethodsRetrospective review of our Home Enteral Nutrition (HEN) database was conducted from February 2013 to April 2018 to identify patients who received HEN because of bariatric surgery–related complication.ResultsDuring the study period, 72 patients (86% female, mean age 50.3 ± 11.6 years) initiated HEN because of bariatric surgical complication. Most common bariatric surgery was Roux‐en‐Y (74%) and most common indication for HEN was malnutrition/failure to thrive (33%). HEN was most commonly provided through nasojejunal feeds and resulted in an average increase in body weight and body mass index from 74.8 kg and 26.5, respectively, before HEN to 76.9 kg and 27.2, respectively, at the end of the HEN period. Through HEN, patients received 22.2 ± 7.9 kcal/kg/d and 1.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/d protein, meeting 94% ± 17% of their energy goals and 95% ± 29% of their protein goals. Vitamin deficiencies were noted in 69% of patients at the time of HEN initiation, which improved to 10% after enteral feeds and appropriate vitamin supplementation.ConclusionHEN is safe and effective in treating malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies that might occur as a complication of bariatric surgery, leading to avoidance of parenteral nutrition support in most cases.
Congenital Short‐Bowel Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Presentation in China
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Shanshan , Yan Weihui , Lu Lina , Tao Yijng , Xiao Yongtao , Cai Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital short‐bowel syndrome (CSBS) is a rare disorder characterized by retardation of intestinal development. However, it is still not well recognized at present. In this study, the etiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of CSBS in China were analyzed.MethodsNine infants with CSBS were recruited. Full‐thickness biopsy findings were evaluated by histopathology. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to identify mutations in patients and their family members. All patients were followed up at >1 year of age.ResultsSix of 9 infants had malrotation, and 2 patients had intestinal atresia. The average total small‐bowel length was 51.7 (40–75) cm. Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor‐like membrane protein (CLMP) mutations were found in 5 patients and were related to decreases in ileal goblet cells and mucous secretion. Among these 5 patients, 3 shared the same mutation (c. 206G>A p.R69H), 1 patient had an exon 3–5 deletion, and 1 patient had the C.655T>G, p.Cys219Gly, and C.389‐2A>C. Another case carried a loss‐of‐function mutation in filamin A (FLNA). In the other 3 patients, no pathogenic mutations in genes related to intestinal development were found. The rate of catheter‐related bloodstream infection was 4.3 per 1000 catheter days, and intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) was 77.8%. The median follow‐up duration was 24.1 months. Eight patients were weaned off parenteral nutrition (PN). Six patients still exhibited malnutrition during follow‐up.ConclusionsInfants with CSBS often need long‐term PN and remain at risk of SBS‐related complications. CLMP and FLNA mutations are associated with CSBS in the Chinese population.
AVM nuclear glass/steel/claystone system altered by Callovo–Oxfordian poral water with and without cement–bentonite grout at 70°C
Authors: Carriere Charly , Neff Delphine , Martin Christelle , Tocino Florent , Delanoë Alexis , Gin Stephane , Michau Nicolas , Linard Yannick , Dillmann Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of a cement–bentonite grout material was studied through glass/steel interactions. Hence, two experimental mock‐ups, consisting of a “sandwich” of four materials in contact, stainless steel/AVM glass/AVM glass/P285NH steel, were leached by Callovo–Oxfordian poral water at 70°C for 1 year. CBG material was added for one experiment, whereas the second one was CBG‐free. Chemical and structural analyses (scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman), performed mainly at the AVM glass/P285NH interface, evidenced a comparable alteration with and without the CBG. Indeed, its presence did not impact the gel formation by hydrolysis/condensation mechanism. For both experiments, the glass alteration rates corresponded to , highlighting a kinetic rate drop after a 1‐year leaching period. However, the CBG impacted the pH solution initially buffered by the claystone, promoting precipitation of Mg/Fe‐rich silicates on the gel surface. Regarding P285NH corrosion, no major difference was observed with the CBG. Steel corrosion layers in both experiments were Si‐free, and the corrosion rates were similar. Therefore, after 1 year at 70°C, the CBG had a limited effect on the glass/carbon steel interactions.
Identification of the novel COL5A1 c.3369_3431dup, p.(Glu1124_Gly1144dup) variant in a patient with incomplete classical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: The importance of phenotype‐guided genetic testing
Authors: Ritelli Marco , Cinquina Valeria , Venturini Marina , Colombi Marina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundClassical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (cEDS) is a connective tissue disorder mainly caused by heterozygous COL5A1 or COL5A2 variants encoding type V collagen and rarely by the p.(Arg312Cys) missense substitution in COL1A1 encoding type I collagen. The current EDS nosology specifies that minimal suggestive criteria are marked skin hyperextensibility plus atrophic scarring together with either generalized joint hypermobility or at least three minor criteria comprising additional cutaneous and articular signs. To reach a final diagnosis, molecular testing is required. Herein, we report on a 3‐year‐old female who came to our attention with an inconclusive next generation sequencing (NGS) panel comprising all cEDS‐associated genes.MethodsDespite the patient did not formally fulfill the nosological criteria because the skin was only slightly hyperextensible, we made a cEDS diagnosis, mainly for the presence of typical atrophic scars. We investigated COL5A1 intragenic deletions/duplications by Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), excluded the recessive classical‐like EDS type 2 by AEBP1 Sanger analysis, and retested COL5A1 with the Sanger method.ResultsMolecular analyses revealed the novel COL5A1 c.3369_3431dup p.(Glu1124_Gly1144dup) intermediate‐sized duplication with a predicted dominant negative effect that was missed both by NGS and MLPA.ConclusionsThis report highlights that some cEDS patients might not display overt skin hyperextensibility and the importance of clinical expertise to make such a diagnosis in patients with an incomplete presentation. Our results also exemplify that NGS is not a fool‐proof technology and that Sanger sequencing achieves the diagnostic goal when there is a sufficiently clear phenotypic indication.
Determination of optimal parameters for 3D single‐point macromolecular proton fraction mapping at 7T in healthy and demyelinated mouse brain
Authors: Soustelle Lucas , Antal Maria Cristina , Lamy Julien , Harsan Laura‐Adela , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo determine optimal constrained tissue parameters and off‐resonance sequence parameters for single‐point macromolecular proton fraction (SP‐MPF) mapping based on a comprehensive quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) protocol in healthy and demyelinated living mice at 7T.MethodsUsing 3D spoiled gradient echo‐based sequences, a comprehensive qMT protocol is performed by sampling the Z‐spectrum of mice brains, in vivo. Provided additional T1, and B0 maps allow for the estimation of qMT tissue parameters, among which three will be constrained, namely the longitudinal and transverse relaxation characteristics of the free pool (R1,fT2,f), the cross‐relaxation rate (R) and the bound pool transverse relaxation time (T2,r). Different sets of constrained parameters are investigated to reduce the bias between the SP‐MPF and its reference based on the comprehensive protocol.ResultsBased on a whole‐brain histogram analysis about the constrained parameters, the optimal experimental parameters that minimize the global bias between reference and SP‐MPF maps consist of a 600° and 6 kHz off‐resonance irradiation pulse. Following a Bland‐Altman analysis over regions of interest, optimal constrained parameters were R1,fT2,f = 0.0129, R = 26.5 s−1, and T2,r = 9.1 µs, yielding an overall MPF bias of 10−4 (limits of agreement [−0.0068;0.0070]) and a relative variation of 0.64% ± 5.95% between the reference and the optimal single‐point method across all mice.ConclusionThe necessity of estimating animal model‐ and field‐dependent constrained parameters was demonstrated. The single‐point MPF method can be reliably applied at 7T, as part of routine preclinical in vivo imaging protocol in mice.
Probing the ballistic microcirculation in placenta using flow‐compensated and non‐compensated intravoxel incoherent motion imaging
Authors: Jiang Ling , Sun Taotao , Liao Yuhao , Sun Yi , Qian Zhaoxia , Zhang Yi , Wu Dan 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging is widely used to evaluate microcirculatory flow, which consists of diffusive and ballistic flow components. We proposed a joint use of flow‐compensated (FC) and non‐compensated (NC) diffusion gradients to probe the fraction and velocity of ballistic flow in the placenta.MethodsForty pregnant women were included in this study and scanned on a 1.5T clinical scanner. FC and NC diffusion MRI (dMRI) sequences were achieved using a pair of identical or mirrored bipolar gradients. A joint FC‐NC model was established to estimate the fraction (fb) and velocity (vb) of the ballistic flow. Conventional IVIM parameters (f, D, and D*) were obtained from the FC and NC data, separately. The vb and f·D*, as placental flow velocity measurements, were correlated with the umbilical‐artery Doppler ultrasound indices and gestational ages.ResultsThe ballistic flow component can be observed from the difference between the FC and NC dMRI signal decay curves. vb fitted from the FC‐NC model showed strong correlations with umbilical‐artery impedance indices, the systolic‐to‐diastolic (SD) ratio and pulsatility index (PI), with correlation coefficients of 0.65 and 0.62. The f·D* estimated from the NC data positively correlated with SD and PI, while the FC‐based f·D* values showed weak negative correlations. Significant gestational‐age dependence was also found in the flow velocity measurements.ConclusionOur results demonstrated the feasibility of using FC and NC dMRI to noninvasively measure ballistic flow velocity in the placenta, which may be used as a new marker to evaluate placenta microcirculation.
Sensitivity to myelin using model‐free analysis of the water resonance line‐shape in postmortem mouse brain
Authors: Foxley Sean , Wildenberg Gregg , Sampathkumar Vandana , Karczmar Gregory S , Brugarolas Pedro , Kasthuri Narayanan 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDysmyelinating diseases are characterized by abnormal myelin formation and function. Such microstructural abnormalities in myelin have been demonstrated to produce measurable effects on the MR signal. This work examines these effects on measurements of voxel‐wise, high‐resolution water spectra acquired using a 3D echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) pulse sequence from both postmortem fixed control mouse brains and a dysmyelination mouse brain model.MethodsPerfusion fixed, resected control (n = 5) and shiverer (n = 4) mouse brains were imaged using 3D‐EPSI with 100 µm isotropic resolution. The free induction decay (FID) was sampled every 2.74 ms over 192 echoes, for a total sampling duration of 526.08 ms. Voxel‐wise FIDs were Fourier transformed to produce water spectra with 1.9 Hz resolution. Spectral asymmetry was computed and compared between the two tissue types.ResultsThe water resonance is more asymmetrically broadened in the white matter of control mouse brain compared with dysmyelinated white matter. In control brain, this is modulated by and consistent with previously reported orientationally dependent effects of white matter relative to B0. Similar sensitivity to orientation is observed in dysmyelinated white matter as well; however, the magnitude of the resonance asymmetry is much lower across all directions.ConclusionResults demonstrate that components of the spectra are specifically differentially affected by myelin concentration. This suggests that water proton spectra may be sensitive to the presence of myelin, and as such, could serve as a MRI‐based biomarker of dysmyelinating disease, free of mathematical models.
Bioactive ROS‐scavenging nanozymes for regenerative medicine: Reestablishing the antioxidant firewall
Authors: Wu Haibin , Liao Hongwei , Li Fangyuan , Lee Jiyoung , Hu Pingjing , Shao Wei , Li Xiangzi , Ling Daishun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBio‐therapeutics, such as stem cells, nucleic acids, and growth factors, represent the frontier of regenerative medicines. The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an essential mechanism in tissue degeneration or injury, which stimulates deleterious oxidative damage to the administered bio‐therapeutics. Likewise, a high level of ROS provokes critical damage to vital endogenous biomacromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which restricts the innate regeneration. Recently, ROS‐scavenging nanozymes gain increasing attention from the field of regenerative medicine, which are able to protect bio‐therapeutics and endogenous actives from oxidative damage and facilitate innate regeneration. ROS‐scavenging nanozyme becomes a novel bioactive platform technology that enables the development of tailored materials for regenerative therapies. Herein, we provide a review on the chemical mechanism of ROS‐scavenging nanozymes, and summarize their applications within the scope of tissue repair and regeneration. We also discuss the current limitations and future directions of ROS‐scavenging nanozymes in the field of regenerative medicine from a perspective of clinical translation. Hopefully, our work may inspire further innovation of advanced ROS‐modulating biomaterials, which will accelerate the evolution of regenerative medicine.
Function of a PETN‐Based Exploding Bridgewire Detonator Post Melt
Authors: Manner Virginia W. , Yeager John D. , Smilowitz Laura , Remelius Dennis , Henson Bryan F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExploding bridgewire (EBW) detonators are used for a variety of purposes and subjected to a wide range of conditions during transport and use, however, few studies have been conducted on stability at high temperatures. Many EBW's contain pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) as the initiating explosive, which has been shown to exhibit a relatively low melt at 141 °C, followed by an onset of decomposition of approximately 160 °C. In the present work, we have evaluated the behavior of PETN with X‐ray radiography in commercial RP‐80 EBW detonators at temperatures just above the melt. These experiments show that PETN remains stable in the solid‐state, but after reaching the melt temperature is vulnerable to mixing, followed by rapid evolution of gases and decomposition. Our results indicate that the orientation of the thermally treated detonator with respect to gravity is important after the PETN reaches the melted state: this shows for the first time why thermal tests on PETN‐based detonators often result in varied outcomes.
Methylene Surrogates for the Synthesis of 3,3’‐Diindolylmethanes
Authors: Sarmah Debasish , Bora Utpal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDi(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methanes (DIMs) and their derivatives are one of the highly essential indole derivatives with a broad spectrum of biological activities. The scaffold involves two indole/substituted indole moieties connected to each other via a methenyl bridge generally at the 3,3’ positions, as well as 2,2’ and 2,3’ positions. Synthesis of such moieties with the use of easily available chemicals and process is highly desirable for its tremendous importance in the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we review the synthesis of 3,3’‐methylene bridged indoles with the use of some methylene surrogates under various chemical and catalytic conditions.
Novel 6‐Morpholino‐9H‐purine Derivatives: Synthesis, Pharmacological and In Silico Evaluation
Authors: Nadaf AfraQuasar A. , Dixit Shruti , Yaseen Mohammed , Mantur Shivaraj , Najare Mahesh S. , Joshi Shrinivas , Vootla Shyamkumar , Khazi Imtiyaz Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of novel N‐9 substituted 6‐morpholino‐9H‐purine derivatives (PP 1–6; PO 1–6) were designed and synthesized via a multi‐step synthetic pathway. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed their chemical structures. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. PP‐3, PP‐5, PP‐6, PO‐2 and PO‐5 have exhibited good activity against all the bacterial strains with MIC 4–8 μg/mL whereas PO‐5 and PO‐6 exhibited strong inhibition of fungal strains (MIC: 2–4 μg/mL). PP‐5 has strongly inhibited C. albicans with MIC 2 μg/mL which is similar to that of Fluconazole standard. The in silico studies performed on C. albicans indicated that their mode of action is by the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant assays have shown that the halogen substituted derivatives have good anti‐inflammatory properties while the non halogen substituted derivatives exhibited good antioxidant profile.
HClO4‐Al2O3 as a Prominent Catalyst in the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones under Environmentally Friendly Solvent Conditions
Authors: Zanin Lucas L. , Porto André L. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn accessible, non‐toxic, easy to handle and stock catalyst with high efficiency was developed in this study for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones. Al2O3 was used as a support for HClO4, resulting in a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction. In the absence of the catalyst, the reaction provided a yield of 19%. However, in the presence of HClO4‐Al2O3 it was possible to synthesize 16 examples of DHPMs/thiones with improved yields (80‐98%), in reaction periods of 1 to 3 hours. The catalyst also stood out for its stability against temperature and the reagents used.