bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave Groups Observed in Pancake Sea Ice
Authors: Thomson Jim , Gemmrich Johannes , Rogers W. Erick , Collins Clarence O. , Ardhuin Fabrice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOcean surface waves propagating through sea ice are scattered and dissipated. The net attenuation occurs preferentially at the higher frequencies, and thus the spectral bandwidth of a given wave field is reduced, relative to open water. The reduction in bandwidth is associated with an increase in the groupiness of the wave field. Using Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking buoy data from the 2015 Arctic Sea State experiment, bandwidth is compared between pancake ice and open water conditions, and the linkage to group envelopes is explored. The enhancement of wave groups in ice is consistent with the simple linear mechanism of superposition of waves with narrowing spectral bandwidth. This is confirmed using synthetic data. Nonlinear mechanisms, which have been shown as significant in other ice types, are not found to be important in this data set.
High-speed colour-converting photodetector with all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for ultraviolet light communication
Authors: Kang Chun Hong , Dursun Ibrahim , Liu Guangyu , Sinatra Lutfan , Sun Xiaobin , Kong Meiwei , Pan Jun , Maity Partha , Ooi Ee-Ning , Ng Tien Khee , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptical wireless communication (OWC) using the ultra-broad spectrum of the visible-to-ultraviolet (UV) wavelength region remains a vital field of research for mitigating the saturated bandwidth of radio-frequency (RF) communication. However, the lack of an efficient UV photodetection methodology hinders the development of UV-based communication. The key technological impediment is related to the low UV-photon absorption in existing silicon photodetectors, which offer low-cost and mature platforms. To address this technology gap, we report a hybrid Si-based photodetection scheme by incorporating CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a fast photoluminescence (PL) decay time as a UV-to-visible colour-converting layer for high-speed solar-blind UV communication. The facile formation of drop-cast CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs leads to a high PLQY of up to ~73% and strong absorption in the UV region. With the addition of the NC layer, a nearly threefold improvement in the responsivity and an increase of ~25% in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the solar-blind region compared to a commercial silicon-based photodetector were observed. Moreover, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements demonstrated a decay time of 4.5 ns under a 372-nm UV excitation source, thus elucidating the potential of this layer as a fast colour-converting layer. A high data rate of up to 34 Mbps in solar-blind communication was achieved using the hybrid CsPbBr3–silicon photodetection scheme in conjunction with a 278-nm UVC light-emitting diode (LED). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated high-speed photoreceiver design of a composition-tuneable perovskite-based phosphor and a low-cost silicon-based photodetector for UV communication.
Glutamatergic and dopaminergic function and the relationship to outcome in people at clinical high risk of psychosis: a multi-modal PET-magnetic resonance brain imaging study
Authors: Howes Oliver D. , Bonoldi Ilaria , McCutcheon Robert A. , Azis Matilda , Antoniades Mathilde , Bossong Matthijs , Modinos Gemma , Perez Jesus , Stone James M. , Santangelo Barbara , Veronese Mattia , Grace Anthony , Allen Paul , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Preclinical models of psychosis propose that hippocampal glutamatergic neuron hyperactivity drives increased striatal dopaminergic activity, which underlies the development of psychotic symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hippocampal glutamate and subcortical dopaminergic function in people at clinical high risk for psychosis, and to assess the association with the development of psychotic symptoms. 1H-MRS was used to measure hippocampal glutamate concentrations, and 18F-DOPA PET was used to measure dopamine synthesis capacity in 70 subjects (51 people at clinical high risk for psychosis and 19 healthy controls). Clinical assessments were undertaken at baseline and follow-up (median 15 months). Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity predicted the worsening of psychotic symptoms at follow-up (r = 0.35; p < 0.05), but not transition to a psychotic disorder (p = 0.22), and was not significantly related to hippocampal glutamate concentration (p = 0.13). There were no differences in either glutamate (p = 0.5) or dopamine (p = 0.5) measures in the total patient group relative to controls. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity at presentation predicts the subsequent worsening of sub-clinical total and psychotic symptoms, consistent with a role for dopamine in the development of psychotic symptoms, but is not strongly linked to hippocampal glutamate concentrations.
OPA1 overexpression ameliorates mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis in prion diseases
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhao Deming , Shah Syed Zahid Ali , Zhang Xixi , Lai Mengyu , Yang Dongming , Wu Xiaoqian , Guan Zhiling , Li Jie , Zhao Huafen , Li Wen , Gao Hongli , Zhou Xiangmei , Qiao Jian , Yang Lifeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrion diseases caused by the cellular prion protein (PrPC) conversion into a misfolded isoform (PrPSc) are associated with multiple mitochondrial damages. We previously reported mitochondrial dynamic abnormalities and cell death in prion diseases via modulation of a variety of factors. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is one of the factors that control mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, bioenergetics, and cristae integrity. In this study, we observed downregulation of OPA1 in prion disease models in vitro and in vivo, mitochondria structure damage and dysfunction, loss of mtDNA, and neuronal apoptosis. Similar mitochondria findings were seen in OPA1-silenced un-infected primary neurons. Overexpression of OPA1 not only alleviated prion-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation and mtDNA loss, decrease in intracellular ATP, increase in ADP/ATP ratio, and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential but also protected neurons from apoptosis by suppressing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of the apoptotic factor, caspase 3. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of OPA1 alleviates prion-associated mitochondrial network fragmentation and cristae remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA depletion, and neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that OPA1 may be a novel and effective therapeutic target for prion diseases.
NPI-0052 and γ-radiation induce a synergistic apoptotic effect in medulloblastoma
Authors: Frisira Eleni , Rashid Fatima , Varma Swastina Nath , Badodi Sara , Benjamin-Ombo Valentine Ayodele , Michod David , Niklison-Chirou Maria Victoria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant solid paediatric brain tumour. The standard treatment for MB is surgical resection of the tumour, radiation and chemotherapy. This therapy is associated with high morbidity and adverse side effects. Hence, more targeted and less toxic therapies are vitally needed to improve the quality of life of survivors. NPI-0052 is a novel proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds the 20S proteasome subunit. This compound has anti-tumour activity in metastatic solid tumours, glioblastoma and multiple myeloma with a good safety profile. Importantly, NPI-0052 has a lipophilic structure and can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, making it a suitable treatment for brain tumours. In the present study, we performed an in silico gene expression analysis to evaluate the proteasome subunit expression in MB. To evaluate the anticancer activity of NPI-0052, we used a range of MB patient-derived MB cells and cell lines. The synergistic cell death of NPI-0052 with γ-radiation was evaluated in tumour organoids derived from patient-derived MB cells. We show that high expression of proteasome subunits is a poor prognostic factor for MB patients. Also, our preclinical work demonstrated that NPI-0052 can inhibit proteasome activity and activate apoptosis in MB cells. Moreover, we observe that NPI-0052 has a synergistic apoptotic effect with γ-radiation, a component of the current MB therapy. Here, we present compelling preclinical evidence that NPI-0052 can be used as an adjuvant treatment for p53-family-expressing MB tumours.
Translating evidence into practice: recommendations by a UK expert panel on the use of aflibercept in diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Pearce Ian , Bailey Clare , Fletcher Emily , Ghanchi Faruque , Rennie Christina , Santiago Cynthia , Napier Jackie , Yang Yit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This paper describes recommendations from a panel of UK retina experts on aflibercept in diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods
A roundtable meeting was held in London, UK in March 2018. The meeting was sponsored by Bayer.

Results
Recommendations are based on clinical experience and level 1 evidence. Clinical experience supports the evidence base, reinforcing that aflibercept should be initiated with intensive proactive dosing at 2 mg every 4 weeks. Most panel members use six initial 4-weekly doses as in Protocol T, rather than five initial monthly doses as recommended in the Summary of product characteristics (SmPC). After intensive proactive dosing, patients with a good response (meet Protocol T ‘improvement’ criteria ≥5-letter improvement in visual acuity [VA] and/or ≥10% improvement in central subfield thickness [CST] from baseline) but who are not yet stable should continue with 4-weekly aflibercept until stability is reached. Patients with a good response and stability should initiate monitor-and-extend (not in line with SmPC). Those with a sub-optimal response (meet ‘improvement’ criteria but with additional concerns e.g. fluid worsening on macular volume map) should continue with 4-weekly aflibercept but additional treatments should be considered (aflibercept is not licensed for combination treatment). For patients with no response (no change, or meeting Protocol T ‘worsening’ criteria [≥5-letter decrease in VA and/or ≥ 10% increase in CST] from baseline), switching to a non-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment should be considered.

Conclusions
Clinical experience reinforces that, when using aflibercept in DMO, the licensed posology or Protocol T regimens achieve the best outcomes.
IL-36 promotes anti-viral immunity by boosting sensitivity to IFN-α/β in IRF1 dependent and independent manners
Authors: Wang Peng , Gamero Ana M. , Jensen Liselotte E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe functions of the IL-36 cytokines remain poorly understood. We report a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby IL-36 promotes innate antiviral immunity in mouse and human models of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infections. HSV-1 actively suppresses production of type I interferon (IFN); our data reveal that IL-36 overcomes this immune evasion strategy by increasing cellular sensitivity to IFN. IL-36β deficient mice display impaired IFN responses and poorly restrict viral replication in skin keratinocytes. In mouse and human keratinocytes IL-36 elicits an antiviral state driven by STAT1 and STAT2 via enhanced expression of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits of the type I IFN receptor. The degree of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) involvement is species dependent, with IRF1 playing a more prominent role in human cells. Similar mechanisms are activated by IL-1. Overall, IL-36 acts as an antiviral cytokine by potentiating type I IFN signaling and thereby upholds immune responses to viruses that limit the production of IFNs.
Nanosecond photochemically promoted click chemistry for enhanced neuropeptide visualization and rapid protein labeling
Authors: Li Gongyu , Ma Fengfei , Cao Qinjingwen , Zheng Zhen , DeLaney Kellen , Liu Rui , Li Lingjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComprehensive protein identification and concomitant structural probing of proteins are of great biological significance. However, this is challenging to accomplish simultaneously in one confined space. Here, we develop a nanosecond photochemical reaction (nsPCR)-based click chemistry, capable of structural probing of proteins and enhancing their identifications through on-demand removal of surrounding matrices within nanoseconds. The nsPCR is initiated using a photoactive compound, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA), and is examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Benefiting from the on-demand matrix-removal effect, this nsPCR strategy enables enhanced neuropeptide identification and visualization from complex tissue samples such as mouse brain tissue. The design shows great promise for structural probing of proteins up to 155 kDa due to the exclusive accessibility of nsPCR to primary amine groups, as demonstrated by its general applicability using a series of proteins with various lysine residues from multiple sample sources, with accumulated labeling efficiencies greater than 90%.
Ultrasensitive MoS2 photodetector by serial nano-bridge multi-heterojunction
Authors: Kim Ki Seok , Ji You Jin , Kim Ki Hyun , Choi Seunghyuk , Kang Dong-Ho , Heo Keun , Cho Seongjae , Yim Soonmin , Lee Sungjoo , Park Jin-Hong , Jung Yeon Sik , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe recent reports of various photodetectors based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field effect transistors showed that it was difficult to obtain optoelectronic performances in the broad detection range [visible–infrared (IR)] applicable to various fields. Here, by forming a mono-/multi-layer nano-bridge multi-heterojunction structure (more than > 300 junctions with 25 nm intervals) through the selective layer control of multi-layer MoS2, a photodetector with ultrasensitive optoelectronic performances in a broad spectral range (photoresponsivity of 2.67 × 106 A/W at λ = 520 nm and 1.65 × 104 A/W at λ = 1064 nm) superior to the previously reported MoS2-based photodetectors could be successfully fabricated. The nano-bridge multi-heterojunction is believed to be an important device technology that can be applied to broadband light sensing, highly sensitive fluorescence imaging, ultrasensitive biomedical diagnostics, and ultrafast optoelectronic integrated circuits through the formation of a nanoscale serial multi-heterojunction, just by adding a selective layer control process.
Controlling collective rotational patterns of magnetic rotors
Authors: Matsunaga Daiki , Hamilton Joshua K. , Meng Fanlong , Bukin Nick , Martin Elizabeth L. , Ogrin Feodor Y. , Yeomans Julia M. , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnetic actuation is widely used in engineering specific forms of controlled motion in microfluidic applications. A challenge, however, is how to extract different desired responses from different components in the system using the same external magnetic drive. Using experiments, simulations, and theoretical arguments, we present emergent rotational patterns in an array of identical magnetic rotors under an uniform, oscillating magnetic field. By changing the relative strength of the external field strength versus the dipolar interactions between the rotors, different collective modes are selected by the rotors. When the dipole interaction is dominant the rotors swing upwards or downwards in alternating stripes, reflecting the spin-ice symmetry of the static configuration. For larger spacings, when the external field dominates over the dipolar interactions, the rotors undergo full rotations, with different quarters of the array turning in different directions. Our work sheds light on how collective behaviour can be engineered in magnetic systems.
NFAT primes the human RORC locus for RORγt expression in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Yahia-Cherbal Hanane , Rybczynska Magda , Lovecchio Domenica , Stephen Tharshana , Lescale Chloé , Placek Katarzyna , Larghero Jérome , Rogge Lars , Bianchi Elisabetta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractT helper 17 (Th17) cells have crucial functions in mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor, RORγt, encoded by theRORCgene modulates Th17 polarization and function, as well as thymocyte development. Here we define several regulatory elements at the humanRORClocus in thymocytes and peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes, with CRISPR/Cas9-guided deletion of these genomic segments supporting their role in RORγt expression. Mechanistically, T cell receptor stimulation induces cyclosporine A-sensitive histone modifications and P300/CBP acetylase recruitment at these elements in activated CD4+T cells. Meanwhile, NFAT proteins bind to these regulatory elements and activate RORγt transcription in cooperation with NF-kB. Our data thus demonstrate that NFAT specifically regulate RORγt expression by binding to theRORClocus and promoting its permissive conformation.
Fast room temperature lability of aluminosilicate zeolites
Authors: Heard Christopher J. , Grajciar Lukas , Rice Cameron M. , Pugh Suzi M. , Nachtigall Petr , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Morris Russell E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAluminosilicate zeolites are traditionally used in high-temperature applications at low water vapour pressures where the zeolite framework is generally considered to be stable and static. Increasingly, zeolites are being considered for applications under milder aqueous conditions. However, it has not yet been established how neutral liquid water at mild conditions affects the stability of the zeolite framework. Here, we show that covalent bonds in the zeolite chabazite (CHA) are labile when in contact with neutral liquid water, which leads to partial but fully reversible hydrolysis without framework degradation. We present ab initio calculations that predict novel, energetically viable reaction mechanisms by which Al-O and Si-O bonds rapidly and reversibly break at 300 K. By means of solid-state NMR, we confirm this prediction, demonstrating that isotopic substitution of 17O in the zeolitic framework occurs at room temperature in less than one hour of contact with enriched water.
In-situ monitoring of seeded and unseeded stage III corrosion using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ryan Joseph V. , Parruzot Benjamin , Lines Amanda M. , Bryan Samuel A. , Seymour Lorraine M. , Bonnett Jeffrey F. , Motkuri Radha K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStage III glass dissolution, the occasionally observed tendency for accelerated aqueous corrosion after extensive time spent at low reaction rates, is a major area of technical uncertainty in long-term glass performance modeling for vitreous nuclear waste forms. Stage III dissolution behavior is thought to be caused by the precipitation of zeolite phases that lower the activity of the rate-controlling orthosilicic acid ion and cause the acceleration of glass dissolution. The uncertainty lies mainly in a poor understanding of the growth kinetics of these key crystalline phases. It is particularly important to understand the impact of temperature and pH conditions on Stage III behavior. Accurate analysis of this phenomenon is complicated by the typically very long (e.g., years), and variable length of the induction period preceding the onset of Stage III behavior. In this study of a high-sodium aluminoborosilicate glass, we demonstrate the ability to initiate the onset of Stage III behavior in a controllable fashion so as to both reduce the time delay of the incubation period, and to also be able to initiate Stage III dissolution in controlled conditions. In this case, we demonstrate that Stage III glass corrosion behavior is possible at 70 °C, a lower temperature than previously observed (90 °C), even in an unseeded experiment. We confirm, through a comparison study, that seeded and unseeded Stage III corrosion rates are equivalent. This enables wide-scale testing of Stage III corrosion rates for many glass compositions in relatively short times through this technique. We also report further development of the use of in situ Raman spectroscopy monitoring of boron concentration and pH through simple and chemometric analysis methods.
Fungi of French Guiana gathered in a taxonomic, environmental and molecular dataset
Authors: Jaouen Gaëlle , Sagne Audrey , Buyck Bart , Decock Cony , Louisanna Eliane , Manzi Sophie , Baraloto Christopher , Roy Mélanie , Schimann Heidy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Amazonia, the knowledge about Fungi remains patchy and biased towards accessible sites. This is particularly the case in French Guiana where the existing collections have been confined to few coastal localities. Here, we aimed at filling the gaps of knowledge in undersampled areas of this region, particularly focusing on the Basidiomycota. From 2011, we comprehensively collected fruiting-bodies with a stratified and reproducible sampling scheme in 126 plots. Sites of sampling reflected the main forest habitats of French Guiana in terms of soil fertility and topography. The dataset of 5219 specimens gathers 245 genera belonging to 75 families, 642 specimens are barcoded. The dataset is not a checklist as only 27% of the specimens are identified at the species level but 96% are identified at the genus level. We found an extraordinary diversity distributed across forest habitats. The dataset is an unprecedented and original collection of Basidiomycota for the region, making specimens available for taxonomists and ecologists. The database is publicly available in the GBIF repository (https://doi.org/10.15468/ymvlrp).
Frenkel line crossover of confined supercritical fluids
Authors: Ghosh Kanka , Krishnamurthy C. V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the temperature evolution of dynamics and structure of partially confined Lennard Jones (LJ) fluids in supercritical phase along an isobaric line in the P-T phase diagram using molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the Frenkel line (FL) crossover features of partially confined LJ fluids to that of the bulk LJ fluids in supercritical phase. Five different spacings have been chosen in this study and the FL crossover characteristics have been monitored for each of these spacings for temperatures ranging from 240 K to 1500 K keeping the pressure fixed at 5000 bar. We characterize the FL crossover using density of states (DoS) function and find that partially confined supercritical fluids (SCF) exhibit a progressive shift of FL crossover point to higher temperatures for smaller spacings. While the DoS perpendicular to the walls shows persistent oscillatory modes, the parallel component exhibits a smooth crossover from an oscillatory to non-oscillatory characteristics representative of FL crossover. We find that the vanishing of peaks in DoS parallel to the walls indicates that the SCF no longer supports shear mode excitations and could serve as an identifier of the FL crossover for confined systems just as is done for the bulk. Layer heights of density profiles, self-diffusivity and the peak heights of radial distribution function parallel to the walls also feature the FL crossover consistent with the DoS criteria. Surprisingly, self-diffusivity undergoes an Arrhenius to super-Arrhenius crossover at low temperatures for smaller spacings as a result of enhanced structural order evidenced via pair-excess entropy. This feature, typical of glass-forming liquids and binary supercooled liquids, is found to develop from the glass-like characteristic slowdown and strong caging in confined supercritical fluid, evidenced via mean squared displacement and velocity autocorrelation function respectively, over intermediate timescales.