bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic and Antioxidative Properties of Novel Zn(II)-cinnamic Acid Complex
Authors: Chukwuma Chika I. , Mashele Samson S. , Swain Shasank S. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The role of zinc in diabetes has been a subject of considerable interest due to
the insulin-mimetic properties associated with this mineral. On the other hand, phenolic acids are
known as plant-derived polyphenols with antioxidative and antidiabetic pharmacological credence.

Objective:
This study was conducted in order to develop a novel therapeutic nutraceutical with an
improved and multi-mode antidiabetic and antioxidative pharmacological property using cinnamic
acid and Zn(II) mineral framework.

Methods:
A Zn(II) acetate complex of cinnamic acid was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR
and 1HNMR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity evaluation was done using Chang liver cells and differentiated
L6 myotubes. DPPH and ABTS scavenging, as well as Fe3+ reducing effects, were used to evaluate
the antioxidant capacity. The antiglycation, as well as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory
properties, were evaluated. Insulin mimetic property was evaluated as glucose uptake in L6 myotubes,
while the complex was docked against GLUT-4 and PKB.

Results:
FTIR and 1HMR suggested that Zn(II) complexed with cinnamic acid through a Zn(O4) coordination
mode, thus affording the resulting complex 2 cinnamic acid molecules. Hence, complexation
increased (p ˂ 0.05) the antiglycation effect of cinnamic acid (IC50 = 29.3 μM) by 2 folds (IC50 =
13.9 μM). Also, Zn(II) conferred a potent glucose uptake (EC50 = 31 μM) and α-glucosidase inhibitory
(IC50 = 59.4 μM) property on cinnamic acid; hence the activity of the complex was 162 and 2.1
folds higher than (p ˂ 0.05) its precursor, respectively. Further molecular docking studies showed that
the complex had a stronger interaction with insulin signaling proteins (GLUT-4 and PKB) than its
precursor. Interestingly, the complex showed no severe cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:
Data suggested a structure-activity relationship. Complexation of Zn(II) to cinnamic
acid resulted in a complex with improved and multi-facet pharmacological effects, which may be
further studied as a safe glycemic control nutraceutical for T2D and glycation-induced complications.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of the Moroccan Collard Green (Brassica oleracea var. viridis) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of Brassica oleracea.

Background:
Collard green or Brassica oleracea var. viridis which belongs to Brassicaceae family
is ranked at 10th place of “powerhouse” vegetables, and it is commonly used traditionally for the
treatment of diabetes in Morocco.

Objective:
This current investigation aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic capacity of the aqueous
extract of Collard green leaves.

Methods:
The effect of a single (6 hours) and repeated (seven days of treatment) oral administration
of Collard green aqueous extract (CGAE) at a dose of 60 mg/kg on glucose and lipid profile
was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, histopathological
examination of liver was carried out according to the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Furthermore, a
preliminary phytochemical screening, and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents
as well as the antioxidant activity using DPPH assay were carried out.

Results:
The results demonstrated that Collard green A.E. (CGAE) exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic
effect and positive improvement liver histology in diabetic rats. After a single oral administration
of CGAE, blood glucose levels were lowered from 15±2 mM to 4.9±1 mM
(p<0.0001) at the sixth hour in diabetic rats but no change was observed in normal rats. Repeated
CGAE administration was able to reduce blood glucose levels from 15±2 mM to normal values
(5±1 mM at the seventh day, p<0.0001) while the extract had no effect in normal rats. In addition,
we revealed that CGAE is rich in several phytochemical compounds and exerts an important antioxidant
activity.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Collard green possesses a beneficial effect
against diabetes and can be used in the program diet of diabetic patients.
Curcumin Targets p53-Fibrinolytic System in TGF-β1 Mediated Alveolar Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Prabhu Ashwini , Bhandary Yashodhar P. 
Published: September 2020

Aims:
We aim to investigate curcumin interaction with p53-fibrinolytic system, smad
dependent and independent pathways underlying their prime role during lung injury and fibrosis.

Background:
Curcumin, an active component of Curcuma longa plant, substantially modulates respiratory
conditions. TGF-β1 plays a central role in lung remodeling by balancing extracellular matrix
(ECM) production and degradation, which is a hallmark for alveolar EMT. However, the
crosstalk of curcumin is not known yet with TGF- β1 mediated p53-Fibrinolytic system regulating
alveolar EMT leading to IPF. In the present study, the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin
in TGF-β1 mediated p53-fibrinolytic system in basal alveolar epithelial cells was explored.

Objectives:
To understand the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin in TGF-β1 mediated
p53-fibrinolytic system in basal alveolar epithelial cells.

Methods:
Basal alveolar epithelial cells were treated with TGF- β1 to induce alveolar EMT and after
24 hrs curcumin was administered to study its anti-fibrotic effects. Molecular techniques like immunoblot,
RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the anti-fibrotic role of curcumin
on EMT markers, IL-17A, p53-smad interaction to investigate the anti-fibrotic role of curcumin.

Results:
The results indicated that TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells exhibited altered expression
of the IL-17A, p53-fibrinolytic markers and EMT markers at the mRNA and protein level. Intervention
with curcumin attenuated alveolar EMT and inactivated TGF-β1 induced Smad/non
Smad signaling pathways via blocking p53-fibrinolytic system.

Conclusions:
This study provides the first evidence of the dynamic response of curcumin on TGF-
β1 mediated p53-fibrinolytic system during alveolar injury in vitro.
Design and Evaluation of Eudragit RS-100 Based Itraconazole Nanosuspension for Ophthalmic Application
Authors: Pawar Pravin , Duduskar Anita , Waydande Swati 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Poor water soluble compounds are difficult to develop as drug products using
conventional formulation techniques.

Objective:
n the present study, the potential of Eudragit RS-100 nanosuspension as a new vehicle
for the improvement of the delivery of drugs to the intraocular level was investigated.

Methods :
Solvent evaporation technique has been employed for nanosuspension preparation. Surfactant
concentration and drug to polymer ratio has been optimized using 32 factorial design to
achieve desired particle size, entrapment efficiency and percent permeation responses as dependent
variables. All the formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index
(PDI), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC),
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, viscosity, antifungal study and Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM). Secondly, itraconazole eye drop was prepared by using sulfobuty ether-β-cyclodextrin
and comparatively studying its antifungal efficacy.

Results:
The nanosuspension had a particle size range of 332.7-779.2nm, zeta potential
+0.609-16.3, entrapment efficiency 61.32 ± 1.36%-76.34 ± 2.04%. Ex vitro corneal permeability
study showed that optimized itraconazole nanosuspension produced higher permeation as compared
to the market formulation and Itraconazole eye drop. Moreover, optimized nanosuspension
was found as more active against Candida albicans & Aspergillus flavus compared to the market
formulation and Itraconazole eye drop.

Conclusion:
The nanosuspension approach could be an ideal, promising approach to increase the
solubility and dissolution of Itraconazole.
Hydroxychloroquine Induced DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome) Mimicking SARS-COV-2 Illness: A Case Report with Review
Authors: Patel Maitri M. , Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Patel Mukundkumar V. , Gurumukhani Jayanti K. , Patel Suyog Y , Patel Harsh D. 
Published: September 2020

Background:In the current pandemic of COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is recommended as an experimental drug for prophylaxis and treatment of the illness. Although it is a safe drug, it can rarely produce a severe drug reaction ‘drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS)’, and to differentiate it from systemic viral infections is challenging.Case Presentation:A 45-year old male nurse working in a COVID-19 ward consumed HCQ weekly for two weeks for prevention of SARS-COV-2 illness. He presented with fever, pruritic maculopapular palmar rash, cervical lymphadenopathy for 12 hours and was quarantined as a suspected COVID-19 case. His laboratory tests revealed lymphopenia, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytes, raised liver enzymes along with IgM negative, IgG positive rapid antibody test of SARS-COV-2. However, his throat swabs for SARS-COV-2 by real-time PCR were negative on day 1 and 7. He was finally diagnosed as definite DRESS based on the RegiSCAR score of six. He responded to levocetirizine 5 mg OD and oral prednisolone 60 mg daily tapered over 7 days.Conclusion:DRESS due to HCQ is ‘probable’, ‘of moderate severity’, and ‘not preventable’ adverse effect mimicking SARS-COV-2 illness.
Surgical Treatment of Patient with Advanced Kienböck’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Khominets V. V. , Tkachenko M. V. , Ivanov V. S. , Muhkurya D. Yu. 
Published: September 2020

Relevance. For more than a century, many methods of treating Kienböck’s disease have been developed, although none of them could achieve consistently good results. The transposition of the pisiform into the lunate location after removal of the latter, as well as the combination of this operation with a shortening osteotomy of the radius, is considered as one of the promising methods of this disease treatment. The purpose of this publication was to demonstrate the options of the modern reconstructive surgery for the treatment the stage IIIb Kienböck’s disease. Case presentation. A clinical case of a successful non-free transplant of a blood-supplied pisiform in aseptic necrosis of the lunate is described. A patient was a 21 year old military serviceman with stage IIIb Kienböck’s disease complicated by persistent pain syndrome and severe dysfunction of the left wrist. He underwent removing the fragmented lunate with replacing it with a pisiform on the tendon feeding pedicle and performing simultaneous shortening osteotomy of the radius. The displaced bone was fixed with an anchor to the dorsal surface of the distal radial metaepiphysis. In 12 months after the surgery, an improvement of the wrist function was achieved in the form of an increase in the range of motion compared with the preoperative period and a significant decrease in the level of pain syndrome. The radiological examination at the same time showed the preservation of the shape, size and intraarticular localization of the bone autograft. Conclusion. The use of transposition of the blood-supplied pisiform on a permanent tendon feeding pedicle into the region of the removed lunate demonstrated, in our opinion, the favorable possibilities of successful surgical treatment of the late stages of Kienböck’s disease. A favorable outcome of such treatment is possible only in a specialized hospital, where there are trained specialists in the field of hand surgery, and there are also opportunities for employment a modern rehabilitation complex aimed at restoring movements in the hand joints, taking into account the strength and coordination parameters of its anatomical structures.
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Views: A Triple Crossover Trial of Visual Abstracts to Examine Their Impact on Research Dissemination
Authors: Oska Sandra , Lerma Edgar , Topf Joel 
Published: September 2020

Background
A visual abstract is a graphic summary of a research article’s question, methods, and major findings. Although they have a number of uses, visual abstracts are chiefly used to promote research articles on social media.

Objective
This study aimed to determine if the use of visual abstracts increases the visibility of nephrology research shared on Twitter.

Methods
A prospective case-control crossover study was conducted using 40 research articles published in the American Journal of Nephrology (AJN). Each article was shared by the AJN Twitter account in 3 formats: (1) the article citation, (2) the citation with a key figure from the article, and (3) the citation with a visual abstract. Tweets were spaced 2 weeks apart to allow washout of the previous tweet, and the order of the tweets was randomized. Dissemination was measured via retweets, views, number of link clicks, and Altmetric scores.

Results
Tweets that contained a visual abstract had more than twice as many views as citation-only tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 639, SD 343) and nearly twice as many views as key figure tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 732, SD 464). Visual abstract tweets had 5 times the engagements of citation-only tweets and more than 3.5 times the engagements of key figure tweets. Visual abstract tweets were also associated with greater increases in Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets (2.20 vs 1.05).

Conclusions
The use of visual abstracts increased visibility of research articles on Twitter, resulting in a greater number of views, engagements, and retweets. Visual abstracts were also associated with increased Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets. These findings support the broader use of visual abstracts in the scientific community. Journals should consider visual abstracts as valuable tools for research dissemination.
Biology and the Statistic Demographic of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the Soybean with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Treatment
Authors: Triwidodo Hermanu , Agustini Anggun , Listihani Listihani 
Published: September 2020

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) applied to different plants may suppress pests population developments. This research was to study the capability of a commercial PGPR product contained Bacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas fluorescens in suppressing population developments of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The biology and demographic statistics of A. glycines reared on soybean with and without the PGPR applications were compared. The PGPR suspensions of 5 g formulation per liter water were used to soak soybean seed for 15 minutes and to water soybean plant 2 weeks after transplanting. Cohorts of 65 first instar A. glycines of each treatment were observed daily and individual mortality, molting, and fecundity were recorded until the last individual dead. Second instar stadium of A. glycines reared on treated plant lasted longer than those reared on untreated plant, i.e. 1.4 and 1.1 days, respectively. These resulted on a longer life cycle for A. glycines reared on treated plant than on untreated plant, i.e. 4.9 and 4.5 days, respectively. In turn, it caused the A. glycines population to experienceslower growth on treated plants than on untreated plants. The values of A. glycines GRR, Ro, rm, T and DT on treated plants were 71.834, 57.780, 0.557, 7.287 and 1.245, consecutively; whilst that of untreated plants were 104.861, 63.326, 0.586, 7.084 and 1.184, respectively.
Potency of Yeasts to Promote Induced Resistance on Chili Plant (Capsicum annuum L.) against Yellow Leaf Curl Disease
Authors: Hartati Sri , Meliansyah Rika , Djaya Luciana , Nasahi Ceppy , Putra Ramadhan Kamal 
Published: September 2020

Yellow leaf curl is a major disease on chili plants. The use of antagonistic yeasts as the control agents is a good alternative in an environmentally friendly control method. This study was objected to evaluate the potencies of Rhodotorula minuta and Candida tropicalis to promote induced resistance on chili plants against yellow leaf curl disease. The experiment was arranged in the randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the application of the yeasts at three different times of virus inoculation, as follows: A. R. minuta, virus inoculation at 3 days after transplanting (dat), B. R. minuta, virus inoculation at 7 dat, C. R. minuta, virus inoculation at 10 dat, D. C. tropicalis, virus inoculation at 3 dat, E. C. tropicalis, virus inoculation at 7 dat, F. C. tropicalis, virus inoculation at 10 dat, G. control, virus inoculation at 3 dat, H. control, virus inoculation at 7 dat, and I. control, virus inoculation at 10 dat. No treatment was applied to the control. The yeasts were applied by soaking the chili seeds, and pouring the suspension into the growth media at transplanting. The variables observed were incubation period, disease severity, and disease incidence. Peroxidase activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, and salicylic acid accumulation were also analyzed. The results showed that the application of R. minuta or C. tropicalis was able to extend the disease incubation period, but did not reduce the yellow leaf curl disease incidence and severity. The treatment of R. minuta, virus inoculation at 7 dat, increased the peroxidase activity from 2590.80 units to 6870.93 units (0.5 minute) and from 577.367 units to 1131.300 units (2.5 minutes), PAL activity from 16.059 to 17.911 A290/mg, and accumulation of salicylic acid from 2.785 to 6.263 ppm. Application of C. tropicalis, virus inoculation at 7 dat, increased the peroxidase activity from 2590.80 units to 6033.067 units (0.5 minute) and from 577.367 units to 950.967 units (2.5 minutes), and accumulation of salicylic acid from 2.785 to 6.982 ppm.
Disease Severity and Molecular Identification of Banana bunchy top virus, Infecting Local Banana in Bali Island
Authors: Wirya Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta , Sudiarta I Putu , Selangga Dewa Gede Wiryangga 
Published: September 2020

Bunchy top symptoms on banana has been reported in Bali Island since early 2011. Symptoms variation were observed in the field similar to infection of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). The identity of the BBTV in Bali on the basis of DNA-S nucleotide sequence has not been studied, therefore research was conducted to identify the species of BBTV infecting local banana in Bali based on sequence analysis. Research activities were initiated by collecting field samples from several local banana growing areas in Bali Island. Incidence of bunchy top disease in all locations reached 8% to 44% with disease severity ranged from 2.6% to 30%. Identification of BBTV from field samples were done by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for BBTV (CPF/CPR) followed by sequence analysis of amplified DNA target. Specific BBTV DNA fragment was successfully amplified from 10 field samples; sequence analysis of DNA fragments showed their highest homology with BBTV. In addition the phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship of BBTV isolates from Bali with various BBTV isolates from Indonesia and other isolates from the Asian group in GeneBank.
Empagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes across KDIGO Risk Categories
Authors: Levin Adeera , Perkovic Vlado , Wheeler David C. , Hantel Stefan , George Jyothis T. , von Eynatten Maximilian , Koitka-Weber Audrey , Wanner Christoph ,   on behalf of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives
In the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG Outcome), empagliflozin, in addition to standard of care, significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular death by 38%, hospitalization for heart failure by 35%, and incident or worsening nephropathy by 39% compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Using EMPA-REG Outcome data, we assessed whether the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD classification had an influence on the treatment effect of empagliflozin.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients with type 2 diabetes, established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at screening were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care. Post hoc, we analyzed cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, and safety, using the two-dimensional KDIGO classification framework.

Results
Of 6952 patients with baseline eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio values, 47%, 29%, 15%, and 8% were classified into low, moderately increased, high, and very high KDIGO risk categories, respectively. Empagliflozin showed consistent risk reductions across KDIGO categories for cardiovascular outcomes (P values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.26 to 0.85) and kidney outcomes (P values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.16 to 0.60). In all KDIGO risk categories, placebo and empagliflozin had similar adverse event rates, the notable exception being genital infection events, which were more common with empagliflozin for each category.

Conclusions
The observed effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes were consistent across the KDIGO risk categories, indicating that the effect of treatment benefit of empagliflozin was unaffected by baseline CKD status.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
EMPA-REG OUTCOME, NCT01131676
In the Nick of Time: Performance-Based Compensation and Proactive Responses to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Authors: Durrant Jon , Gong James Jianxin , Howard Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) introduced two major changes that may influence executive compensation: (1) reducing corporate tax rates from 35 to 21 percent, and (2) eliminating the performance-based pay exception in Section 162(m). These changes provide incentives to maximize deductible compensation expense in 2017, before the TCJA goes into effect. Consistent with our expectation, we find that the increase in CEO bonus and stock option compensation is significantly greater in 2017 relative to prior years. Our difference-in-differences results are consistent with the tax rate reduction driving the bonus increase and the repeal of the performance-based exception leading to the increase in CEO stock options. The TCJA also changed the definition of covered employees to include the CFO. We find weak evidence for abnormal increases in CFO performance-based compensation. Overall, our findings suggest that firms responded to the TCJA in the period before it was effective.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH BERBASIS REPRESENTASI MULTIPEL PADA MATERI KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA TERHADAP EFIKASI DIRI SISWA
Authors: Tima Maria Tensiana , Sutrisno Hari 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efikasi diri siswa pada penerapan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah berbasis representasi multipel dengan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah pada materi kesetimbangan kimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan Posttest Only Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dua kelas siswa kelas XI MIPA pada salah satu SMA di Yogyakarta yang diambil menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Kelas eksperimen (26 siswa) diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah berbasis representasi multipel sedangkan kelas kontrol (24 siswa) diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah. Terdapat perbedaan efikasi diri siswa antara penerapan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah berbasis representasi multipel dengan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah pada materi kesetimbangan kimia. Siswa pada kelas yang diterapkan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah berbasis representasi multipel memiliki skor efikasi diri yang lebih baik daripada siswa pada kelas yang diterapkan model pembelajaran pemecahan