bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphoproteomic analysis of STRIPAK mutants identifies a conserved serine phosphorylation site in PAK kinase CLA4 to be important in fungal sexual development and polarized growth
Authors: Märker Ramona , Blank‐Landeshammer Bernhard , Beier‐Rosberger Anna , Sickmann Albert , Kück Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe highly conserved striatin‐interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex regulates phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of developmental proteins in eukaryotic microorganisms, animals and humans. To first identify potential targets of STRIPAK, we performed extensive isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification‐based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses in the filamentous fungus Sordaria macrospora. In total, we identified 4,193 proteins and 2,489 phosphoproteins, which are represented by 10,635 phosphopeptides. By comparing phosphorylation data from wild type and mutants, we identified 228 phosphoproteins to be regulated in all three STRIPAK mutants, thus representing potential targets of STRIPAK. To provide an exemplarily functional analysis of a STRIPAK‐dependent phosphorylated protein, we selected CLA4, a member of the conserved p21‐activated kinase family. Functional characterization of the ∆cla4 deletion strain showed that CLA4 controls sexual development and polarized growth. To determine the functional relevance of CLA4 phosphorylation and the impact of specific phosphorylation sites on development, we next generated phosphomimetic and ‐deficient variants of CLA4. This analysis identified (de)phosphorylation of a highly conserved serine (S685) residue in the catalytic domain of CLA4 as being important for fungal cellular development. Collectively, these analyses significantly contribute to the understanding of the mechanistic function of STRIPAK as a phosphatase and kinase signaling complex.
Mast cell‐nerve interactions correlate with bloating and abdominal pain severity in patients with non‐celiac gluten / wheat sensitivity
Authors: Giancola Fiorella , Volta Umberto , Repossi Roberta , Latorre Rocco , Beeckmans Dorien , Carbone Florencia , Van den Houte Karen , Bianco Francesca , Bonora Elena , Gori Alessandra , Costanzini Anna , Boschetti Elisa , Caio Giacomo , Vanuytsel Tim , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Tack Jan , De Giorgio Roberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) and extra‐GI symptoms/manifestations represent key clinical features of patients with non‐celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS). This study aimed to investigate neuro‐immune (focusing on mast cells, MCs) interactions in the duodenal submucosa of patients with NCG/WS.MethodsSubmucosal whole mounts from duodenal biopsies of 34 patients with self‐reported NCG/WS, 28 with celiac disease (CD), 13 with functional dyspepsia (FD), and 24 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative data on neuronal and MCs density and the percentage of MCs in close vicinity to nerves were obtained, and correlations among neurons, MC density and MC‐nerve distance (D), and symptoms were assessed in the three groups.Key ResultsThe number of submucosal neurons was not different among groups. In NCG/WS, MC density was not different from HC, while it was slightly increased vs. CD (P = .07) and significantly decreased vs. FD (P < .05). The percentage of MCs close to nerves (D < 15 µm) was similarly increased in all three pathological groups vs. HC (P < .001). In NCG/WS, MC infiltration correlated with bloating (P = .001) and abdominal pain severity (P = .03) and the percentage of MCs in proximity to neurons correlated with the number of GI symptoms (D < 5 µm; P = .05), bloating and abdominal pain severity (D < 15um; P = .01).Conclusions and InferencesSubmucosal MC infiltration and the close (within 15 µm) MC‐to‐nerve proximity in the duodenum of NCG/WS patients are features providing a histopathological basis to better understand GI symptoms in this condition.
Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the European Portuguese Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in Adolescents With Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain
Authors: Andias Rosa , Silva Anabela G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization (CS) is an important feature in musculoskeletal chronic pain, and associated symptoms can be assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI).ObjectivesThis study aimed to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the CSI to the European Portuguese language and to assess its validity and reliability in adolescents with musculoskeletal chronic pain.MethodsThe European Portuguese version of the CSI was established following the translation and testing processes recommended by international guidelines. Then, this version of the CSI was completed by 1,730 adolescents, who also completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; and the Basic Scale on Insomnia Complaints and Quality of Sleep. Test‐retest reliability and measurement error, internal consistency, hypothesis testing, and factor analysis were assessed for the translated version of the CSI.ResultsCronbach's alpha was 0.91, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90, 0.96), and the standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change were 4.15 and 11.50, respectively. Fair correlations were found between CSI and fear of movement (Spearman’s correlation [rs] = 0.46), sleep (rs = 0.46), and catastrophizing (rs = 0.49). Moderate to good correlations were found between CSI and depression (rs = 0.60), anxiety (rs = 0.59), and stress (rs = 0.65).ConclusionThe European Portuguese version of the CSI was considered easy to understand and showed very good internal consistency, excellent test‐retest reliability, and excellent construct validity in a community sample of adolescents with musculoskeletal chronic pain.
Sugar enhances waterlogging‐induced adventitious root formation in cucumber by promoting auxin transport and signalling
Authors: Qi Xiaohua , Li Qianqian , Shen Jiatao , Qian Chunlu , Xu Xuewen , Xu Qiang , Chen Xuehao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWaterlogging is a severe environmental stress that causes severe crop productivity losses. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) survives waterlogging by producing adventitious roots (ARs) that enhance gas exchange. Little is known about the role of light and sugars in the waterlogging‐induced production of ARs. The role of these factors in AR production was therefore studied in cucumber seedlings grown in the absence or presence of waterlogging and different light conditions. The effect of photosynthesis was studied by removing the shoots of the seedlings and replacing them with exogenous applications of sucrose or stachyose. Shoot removal inhibited AR emergence and elongation. However, the exogenous application of sugars fully restored AR emergence and partially restored root elongation. The exogenous application of a synthetic auxin restored AR emergence but not AR elongation. Transcriptome profiling analysis was used to determine the effects of light on gene expression in the hypocotyls under these conditions. The levels of transcripts encoding proteins involved in auxin transport and signalling were higher in the light and following the exogenous application of sucrose and stachyose. These results show that the waterlogging‐induced emergence of ARs is regulated by the interaction between sugars and auxin, whereas AR elongation depends only on sugars alone.
Nuclear pore complex components have temperature‐influenced roles in plant growth and immunity
Authors: Zhang Aiqin , Wang Shuai , Kim Jitae , Yan Jiapei , Yan Xiufeng , Pang Qiuying , Hua Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are main channels controlling nucleocytoplasmic transport and are composed of approximately 30 nucleoporins (NUPs). Emerging evidence suggests that some NUP genes have specialized functions that challenge the traditional view of NPCs as structures of uniform composition. Here, we analysed the role of six outer‐ring components of NPC at normal and warm growth temperatures by examining their loss‐of‐function mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. All six NUP subunits, NUP85, NUP96, NUP 133, NUP 160, SEH1 and HOS1, have a non‐redundant temperature‐influenced function in one or more of the processes, including rosette growth, leaf architecture and intracellular immune receptor‐mediated disease resistance. At the molecular level, NUP85 and NUP133 are required for mRNA export only at warm temperature and play a larger role in the localization of transcription factor at warm temperature. In addition, NUP96 and HOS1 are essential for the expression of high temperature‐responsive genes, which is correlated with their larger activity in facilitating nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor PIF4 at warm temperature. Our results show that subunits of NPC have differential roles at different temperatures, suggesting the existence of temperature‐influenced NPC complexes and activities.
ATP and repetitive electric stimulation increases leukemia inhibitory factor expression in astrocytes: A potential role for astrocytes in the action mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Maruyama Soichiro , Boku Shuken , Okazaki Satoshi , Kikuyama Hiroki , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Monji Akira , Otsuka Ikuo , Sora Ichiro , Kanazawa Tetsufumi , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Yoneda Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AimElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for psychiatric disorders. However, its action mechanism remains unclear. We previously reported that transcription factor 7 (TCF7) was increased in patients successfully treated with ECT. TCF7 regulates Wnt pathway, which regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Astrocytes play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis via neurogenic factors. Of astrocyte‐derived neurogenic factors, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) activate Wnt pathway. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), released from excited neurons, activates astrocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECT might increase LIF and/or FGF2 in astrocytes. To test this, we investigated the effects of ATP and electric stimulation (ES) on LIF and FGF2 expressions in astrocytes.MethodsAstrocytes were derived from neonatal mouse forebrain and administered ATP and ES. The mRNA expression was estimated with quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein concentration was measured with ELISA.ResultsATP increased LIF, but not FGF2, expression. Multiple ES, but not single, increased LIF expression. Knockdown of P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) attenuated ATP‐induced increase of LIF mRNA expression. In contrast, P2X3 and P2X4 receptors intensified it.ConclusionP2X2R may mediate ATP‐induced LIF expression in astrocytes and multiple ES directly increases LIF expression in astrocytes. Therefore, both ATP/P2X2R and multiple ES‐induced increases of LIF expression in astrocytes might mediate the efficacy of ECT on psychiatric disorders. Elucidating detailed mechanisms of ATP/P2X2R and multiple ES‐induced LIF expression is expected to result in the identification of new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
The recent engagement between analytic philosophy and Heideggerian thought: Logic and language
Authors: Casati Filippo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMartin Heidegger's philosophy is famous for being unusually rich. It ranges over technology, poetry, theology, history, and many other subjects. In this paper, I focus my attention on two topics which are particularly close to the hearts of analytic philosophers: logic and language. I show that Heidegger faces two different kinds of paradoxes: an ontic paradox and an ontological paradox. Moreover, for each one of these paradoxes, I give an overview of how both Heidegger and the philosophers who engage with his thought have tried to overcome them by challenging either a certain account of language or the authority of logic in philosophical discourse.
The effects of UVB irradiance on vitiligo phototherapy and UVB‐induced photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Chiu Szu‐Hao , Lan Cheng‐Che E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhototherapy is the most commonly used modality for repigmenting vitiligo. Currently, UVB emitting devices, including narrow‐band UVB (NBUVB) and excimer laser/light, are considered as the treatment of choice. While emitting wavelengths at close proximity, excimer lights emit higher irradiance (HI; W/m2) compared to NBUVB. Clinical reports have shown that excimer light is more efficacious in treating vitiligo compared to NBUVB, and we demonstrated that irradiance plays a critical role in promoting melanoblasts differentiation. UVB radiation from the sun is closely associated with photocarcinogenesis of the skin. Sunscreens were used to protect the skin by reducing UVB irradiance (low irradiance (LI) UVB). Sunscreen use was associated with skin cancer reduction in clinical trials. Paradoxically, sunscreen use was associated with increased sunburn episodes in the real‐world settings. It was shown that UVB‐induced sunburn depends on fluence (J/m2) but not irradiance of UVB radiation. We investigated the significance of irradiance in the context of UVB‐induced carcinogenesis of the skin. For mice receiving equivalent fluence of UVB exposure, the LIUVB‐treated mice showed earlier tumor development, larger tumor burden, and more epidermal keratinocytes harboring mutant p53 as compared to their HIUVB‐treated counterparts. These results suggested that at equivalent fluence, LIUVB radiation has more photocarcinogenic potential on the skin compared to its HI counterpart. Since development of sunburn with or without sunscreen use indicates that certain threshold of UVB fluence has been received by the skin at LI and HI, respectively, sunburn episodes with sunscreen use (LIUVB) are more damaging to the skin compared to that without sunscreen (HIUVB) application. In summary, since irradiance plays an important role determining the biological effects of UVB radiation on the skin, future related studies should take this critical parameter into consideration.
Schistosoma haematobium infection modulates Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses
Authors: Tokplonou Léonidas , Nouatin Odilon , Sonon Paulin , M’po Grace , Glitho Sonya , Agniwo Privat , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Daniel , Tchégninougbo Théophile , Ayitchédji Aurèle , Favier Benoit , Donadi Eduardo A. , Milet Jacqueline , Luty Adrian J. F. , Massougbodji Achille , Garcia André , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Courtin David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsSchistosomiasis and malaria are endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa where Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) coinfections are thus frequent. We explored the effect of Sh infection on antibody responses directed to Pf merozoite antigens and on malaria susceptibility in Beninese children.Methods and resultsA total of 268 children were followed during a malaria transmission season. Detection of Pf infection was performed by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. Sh infection was determined in urine by microscopy. Antimalarial antibody, cytokine and HLA‐G concentrations were quantified by ELISA. The expression of HLA‐G receptors by immune cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Children infected by Sh had higher concentrations of IgG1 directed to MSP3 and GLURPR0, IgG2 directed to GLURPR0 and IgG3 directed to MSP3, GLURPR0 and GLURPR2 and have lower Pf densities than those uninfected by Sh. No difference in cytokine and HLA‐G concentrations was observed between Sh egg carriers and non‐carriers.ConclusionSchistosoma haematobium modulates host immune responses directed to Pf antigens. The absence of immune downregulation usually observed during helminth infections is surprising in our study. We hypothesize that the stage of Sh development could partly explain the immune pathways leading to increased antibody levels that favour better control of Pf parasitemia.
Explaining the Cultural Retention–Delinquency Relationship Using Differential Support and Coercion Theory: A Study of Native‐Born and Immigrant Latino Youth
Authors: Zavala Egbert , Curry Theodore R. , Morales Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAlthough immigrants tend to have lower involvement in delinquency, increasing levels of acculturation to American society may lead to higher levels of delinquency. Conversely, cultural retention typically reduces such behavior. To explain these findings, this study employs differential coercion and support theory to predict that cultural retention is inversely associated with delinquency through associations with greater social support and less coercion.MethodUsing a large, national‐level sample of Latino native‐born and immigrant youth, analyses are conducted using both ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression.ResultsFindings support hypotheses, showing that increases in cultural retention are associated with less coercion and more social support, both of which are, in turn, related to delinquency. Importantly, an initial strong inverse relationship between cultural retention and delinquency disappears when coercion and social support are controlled.ConclusionHigher social support and lower coercion help explain the inverse relationship between cultural retention and delinquency among native‐born and immigrant Latino youth.
“Dancing Droplets”: Partial Coalescence on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Yan Xiao , Feng Lezhou , Zhang Leicheng , Sett Soumyadip , Li Longnan , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Droplet coalescence has received significant attention due to its significant role in fluid mixing, microfluidics, coalescence-induced droplet jumping, and heat and mass transfer applications. Coalescence of droplets has been extensively investigated from the perspectives of hydrodynamics and energy transfer. However, the study of coalescence characteristics of size-mismatched droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces remains a challenge due to visualization difficulty, limited droplet size control, and poor droplet manipulation. Here, in order to study coalescence dynamics of droplets with arbitrary initial sizes, a droplet dispensing and visualization system was developed. To control the size of droplets, monodispersed droplets with radii of ≈20 μm were dispensed using a frequency-controlled piezoelectric pulse injector onto a superhydrophobic surface, enabling the target droplets to accumulate in volume and grow in radii. The coalescence process of droplets having radii of ≈270 and ≈780 μm was imaged at a magnification of ≈25X and capture rate of 13000 fps. Surprisingly instead of completely merging together, the size-mismatched droplets underwent partial coalescence with the development of an additional satellite droplet. Specifically, the smaller droplet gave 'birth' to a secondary satellite droplet upon coalescence with the larger primary droplet due to liquid-bridge pinch-off dynamics, after which the satellite droplet bounced off upon collision with the primary droplet due to the presence of an air cushion that blocked contact between the two droplets. Meanwhile, the primary droplet continued to oscillate while the bouncing satellite droplet returned to the surface and eventually bounced off (moving direction is identified with arrows). Our work not only presents a powerful platform capable of both controlling and visualizing droplet coalescence hydrodynamics, but also provides insights into the flow hydrodynamics of droplets undergoing partial coalescence.
Frost Halo Dynamics on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Su Wei , Li Longnan , Yan Xiao , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Understanding the frosting mechanisms on solid surfaces is crucial to a broad range of industrial sectors such as aerospace, power transmission, and refrigeration. During the last few decades, extensive studies have been conducted on fundamental frosting phenomena, including ice nucleation, growth, bridging, and frost propagation, with few studies focusing on frost halo formation which has been shown to affect frosting dynamics on hydrophilic substrates. The role of frost halo dynamics formation on superhydrophobic surface remains unclear due to limited characterization in the past. Here, in order to study frost propagation dynamics, particularly freezing-induced vapor diffusion and frost halo formation, condensation frosting on highly-reflective nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces (θ ≈170º) was visualized using high-speed top-view optical microscopy. Condensation frosting was initiated by cooling the surface to -20 ± 0.5°C in atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ≈50% and air temperature ≈25°C). We show that the wave front reaches neighboring supercooled droplets along the path of frost propagation, resulting in supercooled droplet freezing within ~100 ms and numerous microscale (~1 µm) condensing droplets forming around the primary freezing droplet. The microscale droplets form a condensate halo stretching two times the freezing droplet radius. The condensate halo was formed by the rapid evaporation of the supercooled recalescent freezing droplet due to the fast (~100 ms) release of latent heat, resulting in the heating of the freezing droplet and thus outwards diffusion of vapor. Further diffusion of vapor led to the subsequent evaporation of the halo condensate droplets within ~4 s. Interestingly, accompanied by the freezing of the primary droplet and condensate halo formation, the neighboring satellite droplets in the halo zone were observed to oscillate directionally and dramatically, indicative of the presence of a strong flow field disturbance due to rapid vapor diffusion. The visualizations presented here not only help to quantify the physics of condensate halo formation during frost wave propagation on superhydrophobic surfaces, but also provide insights into the role of freezing-induced vapor diffusion during frost dynamics.
Aerodynamic Optimization of the Low-Pressure Turbine Module: Exploiting Surrogate Models in a High-Dimensional Design Space
Authors: Baert Lieven , Chérière Emmanuel , Sainvitu Caroline , Lepot Ingrid , Nouvellon Arnaud , Leonardon Vincent 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Further improvement of state-of-the-art low-pressure (LP) turbines (LPTs) has become progressively more challenging. LP design is more than ever confronted to the need to further integrate complex models and to shift from single-component design to the design of the complete LPT module at once. This leads to high-dimensional design spaces and automatically challenges their applicability within an industrial context, where computing resources are limited and the cycle time is crucial. The aerodynamic design of a multistage LP turbine is discussed for a design space defined by 350 parameters. Using an online surrogate-based optimization (SBO) approach, a significant efficiency gain of almost 0.5pt has been achieved. By discussing the sampling of the design space, the quality of the surrogate models, and the application of adequate data mining capabilities to steer the optimization, it is shown that despite the high-dimensional nature of the design space, the followed approach allows to obtain performance gains beyond target. The ability to control both global as well as local characteristics of the flow throughout the full LP turbine, in combination with an agile reaction of the search process after dynamically strengthening and/or enforcing new constraints in order to adapt to the review feedback, not only illustrates the feasibility but also the potential of a global design space for the LP module. It is demonstrated that intertwining the capabilities of dynamic SBO and efficient data mining allows to incorporate high-fidelity simulations in design cycle practices of certified engines or novel engine concepts to jointly optimize the multiple stages of the LPT.