bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 3‐aminospirostane alkaloids from roots of Solanum paniculatum L. with hepatoprotective activity
Authors: Gazolla Matheus Coutinho , Marques Lucas Maciel Mauriz , e Silva Mariana Gama , Araújo Maria Taís Moura Fontes , Mendes Rosemairy Luciane , da Silva Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes , Vessecchi Ricardo , Lopes Norberto Peporine 
Published: December 2019

RationaleSolanum paniculatum L., popularly known as jurubeba, has traditionally been used in Brazilian folk medicine for liver diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the chemical characterization of 3‐aminospirostane alkaloids, an important class related to pharmacological activities. This work aimed to characterize the alkaloids using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) supported by molecular networking and theoretical calculations as well as to evaluate the contribution to hepatoprotective activity.MethodsS. paniculatum roots were collected and macerated with MeOH/H2O (8:2) obtaining the crude extract (SP‐CE). From this, partition using EtOAc with pH variation yielded the alkaloidic fraction (SP‐AF). Both were evaluated in an acute liver injury model (100 and 200 mg/kg), after intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase) serum levels were investigated, as well as the histopathological characteristics. The SP‐CE and SP‐AF were analyzed by LC/MS/MS, using quadrupole/time‐of‐flight and ion‐trap systems. The alkaloids annotated by the GNPS molecular network had their structures defined using gas‐phase ionization and fragmentation reaction supported by theoretical calculations.ResultsThe SP‐CE and SP‐AF decreased the ALT serum levels compared with the negative control. The group treated with the SP‐CE (at the highest dose) demonstrated a significant decrease of ALT. Hepatic cell degeneration decrease was observed mainly at the highest dose of the treatment. Detailed electrospray ionization MS/MS data allowed us to identify alkaloids not previously reported, to propose their gas‐phase reactions and to redefine the initial open ring fragmentation mechanism of the steroidal alkaloids with the jurubidine moiety.ConclusionsThe results allowed us to identify seven steroidal alkaloids from jurubeba and redefine the initial mechanism of fragmentation. A significant hepatoprotective effect was also demonstrated, corroborating its traditional use.
Source separation in ecoacoustics: a roadmap towards versatile soundscape information retrieval
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Hao , Tsao Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA comprehensive assessment of ecosystem dynamics requires the monitoring of biological, physical and social changes. Changes that cannot be observed visually may be trackable acoustically through soundscape analysis. Soundscapes vary greatly depending on geophysical events, biodiversity and human activities. However, retrieving source‐specific information from geophony, biophony and anthropophony remains a challenging task, due to interference by simultaneous sound sources. Audio source separation is a technique that aims to recover individual sound sources when only mixtures are accessible. Here, we review techniques of monoaural audio source separation with the fundamental theories and assumptions behind them. Depending on the availability of prior information about the source signals, the task can be approached as a blind source separation or a model‐based source separation. Most blind source separation techniques depend on assumptions about the behaviour of the source signals, and their performance may deteriorate when the assumptions fail. Model‐based techniques generally do not require specific assumptions, and the models are directly learned from labelled data. With the recent advances of deep learning, the model‐based techniques can yield state‐of‐the‐art separation performance, accordingly facilitate content‐based audio information retrieval. Source separation techniques have been adopted in several ecoacoustic applications to evaluate the contributions from biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbance to soundscape dynamics. They can also be employed as nonlinear filters to improve the recognition of bioacoustic signals. To effectively retrieve ecological information from soundscapes, source separation is a crucial tool. We believe that the future integrations of ecological hypotheses and deep learning can realize a high‐performance source separation for ecoacoustics, and accordingly improve soundscape‐based ecosystem monitoring. Therefore, we outline a roadmap for applying source separation to assist in soundscape information retrieval and hope to promote cross‐disciplinary collaboration.
A new Chinese national reference material (GBW04481) for calcite oxygen and carbon isotopic microanalysis
Authors: Tang Guo‐Qiang , Li Xian‐Hua , Li Qiu‐Li , Liu Yu , Ling Xiao‐Xiao 
Published: December 2019

Carbonate oxygen (O) and carbon (C) isotopes are widely used as proxies for tracing the processes and physicochemical conditions of many geological events and environmental changes in Earth Science. In particular, O and C isotopic variations at micrometer scales revealed by modern microbeam analytical techniques such as SIMS and NanoSIMS are robust archives for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate changes at annual and seasonal resolution or even higher temporal resolution. Widespread application of carbonate O and C isotopic microanalysis in Earth Sciences, however, has been restricted due to limitation of high‐quality carbonate reference materials for O and C isotopic microanalysis. We introduce in this paper a new calcite reference material for calcite O and C isotopic microanalysis. This calcite is collected from a drill‐core of the Oka carbonatite complex (Quebec, Canada). We demonstrated that the Oka calcite is fairly homogeneous in O and C isotopic compositions at micrometer scales based on homogeneity test by hundreds of SIMS O and C isotopic analyses. Precise determinations by using conventional gas‐source IRMS yield the recommended value of δ18OVPDB = −23.12 ± 0.15‰ (1SD) and δ13CVPDB = −5.23 ± 0.06‰ (1SD) for the Oka calcite, which has been certified as the first class of Chinese national certified reference material (GBW04481) for O and C isotopic microanalysis.
Work, family, work–family conflict and psychological distress: A revisited look at the gendered vulnerability pathways
Authors: Bilodeau Jaunathan , Marchand Alain , Demers Andrée 
Published: December 2019

AbstactThis paper revisited the vulnerability hypothesis to explain the greater level of psychological distress among working women compared to working men. A comprehensive vulnerability model was tested in which work and family stressors and psychosocial resources are directly related to psychological distress and indirectly through work‐to‐family (WFC) and family‐to‐work (FWC) conflicts. Data came from a random sample of 989 women and 1,037 men working in 63 Canadian establishments. Multilevel path analyses were performed separately for men and for women. The results show that many work/family stressors and resources are linked to men's or women's psychological distress directly and indirectly through WFC and FWC. However, the z‐test used to assess whether the relationships differed significantly between women and men indicated that only two relationships differ significantly between the two groups: experimenting problems with children and a low self‐esteem are associated positively to psychological distress through FWC only for women. In addition to showing the specific involvement of work–family conflict in the psychological distress inequality, this study contributes to revealing that testing the differences in the magnitude of the relation offer a more suitable appraisal of the vulnerability mechanism involved in the psychological distress inequality between men and women.
New Advances in In Vivo Applications of Gated Mesoporous Silica as Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: García‐Fernández Alba , Aznar Elena , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne appealing concept in the field of hybrid materials is related to the design of gated materials. These materials are prepared in such a way that the release of chemical or biochemical species from voids of porous supports to a solution is triggered upon the application of external stimuli. Such gated materials are mainly composed of two subunits: i) a porous inorganic scaffold in which a cargo is stored, and ii) certain molecular or supramolecular entities, grafted onto the external surface, that can control mass transport from the interior of the pores. On the basis of this concept, a large number of examples are developed in the past ten years. A comprehensive overview of gated materials used in drug delivery applications in in vivo models from 2016 to date is thus given here.
Agile ways of working: A team maturity perspective
Authors: Gren Lucas , Goldman Alfredo , Jacobsson Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the agile approach to managing software development projects comes an increased dependability on well‐functioning teams, since many of the practices are built on teamwork. The objective of this study was to investigate if, and how, team development from a group psychological perspective is related to some work practices of agile teams. Data were collected from 34 agile teams (200 individuals) from six software development organizations and one university in both Brazil and Sweden using the Group Development Questionnaire (Scale IV) and the Perceptive Agile Measurement (PAM). The result indicates a strong correlation between levels of group maturity and the two agile practices iterative development and retrospectives. We, therefore, conclude that agile teams at different group development stages adopt parts of team agility differently, thus confirming previous studies but with more data and by investigating concrete and applied agile practices. We thereby add evidence to the hypothesis that an agile implementation and management of agile projects need to be adapted to the group maturity levels of the agile teams.
The metamorphosis of analytical chemistry
Authors: Adams Freddy , Adriaens Mieke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefining analytical chemistry as the measurement of isolated compositional features in a selected study object ignores the unique perspective that analytical chemists bring to twenty-first century science and society. In this feature article, we will discuss some of the existing preconceptions and misinterpretations of analytical chemistry that occur at present and will tackle them from the more up-to-date perspective of science in the Big Data Era. This will place their influence in context while simultaneously enlarging the scope of the discipline analytical chemistry to its well-deserved prevalent position in present-day science and technology.
Comparison of Common Surgical Procedures in Non‐complicated Pilonidal Sinus Disease, a 7‐Year Follow‐Up Trial
Authors: Caliskan Mujgan , Kosmaz Koray , Subasi Ismail Ege , Acar Aylin , Evren Ismail , Bas Gurhan , Atayoglu Ali Timucin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal disease is a common problem in primary health care which may require immediate surgical referral. Although various management options have been proposed, so far there is no gold standard treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine which of the following techniques was superior as regards postoperative complications and recurrence, midline unshifted adipofascial turn‐over flap, midline shifted adipofascial turn‐over flap or Karydakis flap.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Department of General Surgery. Patients with non‐complicated pilonidal sinus were enrolled in the study from April 2009 to January 2012. All patients were randomized the day of surgery at the coordinating center by means of a computer program. Patients were randomized to receive midline unshifted adipofascial turn‐over flap, midline shifted adipofascial turn‐over flap or Karydakis flap. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and patients were discharged 6 h after surgery. Demographic characteristics, skin color, body hair type, family history, preoperative complaints and duration of symptoms, cyst size, intraoperative iatrogenic cyst rupture, the presence of a tuft of hairs in the cyst, surgical techniques, duration of drainage, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and recurrence were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐two patients with non‐complicated pilonidal sinus were enrolled. Seventy‐two patients were randomized to midline unshifted adipofascial turn‐over flap, 67 patients to midline shifted adipofascial turn‐over flap and 53 patients to Karydakis flap. The mean age was 25.66 ± 7.67 years. At 76‐month follow‐up, the overall complications and recurrence rates were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn cases of non‐complicated pilonidal sinus, we recommend surgical management using local anesthesia, outpatient surgery and the surgical approach with which the surgeon is most familiar.
Kompetenzfelder der Elektronik – Systemlösungen des Instituts Electronic Engineering der FH JOANNEUM
Authors: Berger Hubert , Netzberger Christian , Stocksreiter Wolfgang , Estrada-Vázquez Raúl , Blasonig Nina , Preda Aida , Obermayr Werner , Salloker Michael , Vogel Christian 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die verschiedenen Gebiete der Elektronik sind vielschichtig und umfangreich, sodass es einer zielgerichteten Strategie bedarf, um systemische Lösungen in verschiedenen Kompetenzbereichen anbieten zu können. Das Institut für Electronic Engineering an der FH JOANNEUM kann auf 25 Jahre F&E-Aktivitäten zurückblicken, wobei es folgende Kompetenzbereiche systematisch bündelt: Im Bereich EMV fokussiert sich die Forschung auf die Prüfung elektromagnetischer Verträglichkeit und die Entwicklung von Funkapplikationen im Bereich Leistungselektronik, Kommunikation, Medizintechnik und Automatisierung. Das Forschungsgebiet ist stark mit dem Schwerpunkt Leistungselektronik verknüpft, bei dem zusätzlich noch intensiv an den Themen Simulation auf Schaltungs- und Systemebene, elektronischer Schaltungstechnik und Mechatronik mit Prototypenfertigung geforscht wird. Möglich wird das durch nachhaltige und strategische Investitionen in die dafür notwendige Laborinfrastruktur sowie durch einen mit der Industrie abgestimmten Kompetenzaufbau. Der Artikel geht auch auf unsere Kompetenzbereiche PCB-Design, FPGA-Design und Realtime Computing ein, die unsere übrigen Forschungsaktivitäten ergänzen und sowohl für zahlreiche Kundenprojekte als auch für den Wissenstransfer in die Lehre unabdingbar sind.
PARASOL: a hybrid approximation approach for scalable frequent itemset mining in streaming data
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Tabei Yasuo , Iwanuma Koji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere, we present a novel algorithm for frequent itemset mining in streaming data (FIM-SD). For the past decade, various FIM-SD methods in one-pass approximation settings that allow to approximate the support of each itemset have been proposed. They can be categorized into two approximation types: parameter-constrained (PC) mining and resource-constrained (RC) mining. PC methods control the maximum error that can be included in the approximate support based on a pre-defined parameter. In contrast, RC methods limit the maximum memory consumption based on resource constraints. However, the existing PC methods can exponentially increase the memory consumption, while the existing RC methods can rapidly increase the maximum error. In this study, we address this problem by introducing a hybrid approach of PC-RC approximations, called PARASOL. For any streaming data, PARASOL ensures to provide a condensed representation, called a Δ-covered set, which is regarded as an extension of the closedness compression; when Δ = 0, the solution corresponds to the ordinary closed itemsets. PARASOL searches for such approximate closed itemsets that can restore the frequent itemsets and their supports while the maximum error is bounded by an integer, Δ. Then, we empirically demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art PC and RC methods for FIM-SD.
Thermal Conductivity of Superfluid $$^3$$He-B in a Tubular Channel Down to 0.1$$T_\mathrm{c}$$ at the $$^{4}$$He Crystallization Pressure
Authors: Riekki T. S. , Tuoriniemi J. T. , Sebedash A. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe studied the thermal conductivity of superfluid $$^{3}$$

3

He in a 2.5-mm effective diameter and 0.15-m-long channel connecting the two volumes of our experimental assembly. The main volume contained pure solid $$^{4}$$

4

He, pure liquid $$^{3}$$

3

He and saturated liquid $$^{3}$$

3

He–$$^{4}$$

4

He mixture at varying proportions, while the separate heat-exchanger volume housed sinter and was filled by liquid $$^{3}$$

3

He. The system was cooled externally by a copper nuclear demagnetization stage, and, as an option, internally by the adiabatic melting of solid $$^{4}$$

4

He in the main volume. The counterflow effect of superfluid just below the transition temperature $$T_\mathrm{c}$$

T
c

resulted in the highest observed conductivity about five times larger than that of the normal fluid at the $$T_\mathrm{c}$$

T
c

. Once the hydrodynamic contribution had practically vanished below $$0.5T_\mathrm{c}$$

0.5

T
c

, we first observed almost constant conductivity nearly equal to the normal fluid value at the $$T_\mathrm{c}$$

T
c

. Finally, below about $$0.3T_\mathrm{c}$$

0.3

T
c

, the conductivity rapidly falls off toward lower temperatures.
Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health in Health Facilities in Nepal
Authors: KC Ashish , Singh Dipendra Raman , Upadhyaya Madan Kumar , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Gurung Abhishek , Målqvist Mats 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Nepal has pledged to substantially reduce maternal and newborn death by 2030. Improving quality of intrapartum health services will be vital to reduce these deaths. This paper examines quality of delivery and newborn services in health facilities of Nepal.

Methods
Data were sourced from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015, which covered a national representative sample of health facilities. The datasets were analysed to assess service readiness, availability and quality of delivery and newborn care in a sample of 992 health facilities.

Results
Of the 992 facilities in the sample, 623 provided delivery and newborn care services. Of the 623 facilities offering delivery and newborn care services, 13.3% offered comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmONC), 19.6% provided basic emergency obstetric care (BEmONC) and 53.9% provided basic delivery and newborn service. The availability of essential equipment for delivery and newborn care was more than 80% in health facilities. Except for the coverage of vitamin K injection, the coverage of immediate newborn care was more than 85% in all health facilities. The coverage of use of chlorhexidine ointment to all newborns was more than 70% in government hospitals and primary health care centers (PHCCs) and only 32.3% in private hospitals.

Conclusions
These findings show gaps in equipment and drugs, especially in PHCCs and private health facilities. Improving readiness and availability of equipment and drugs in PHCCs and private health facility will help improve the quality of care to further reduce maternal and newborn mortality in Nepal.
Resolving Zeckhauser’s paradox
Authors: Pawitan Yudi , Isheden Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZeckhauser’s paradox has puzzled and entertained many rationality enthusiasts for almost half a century. You are forced to play a Russian Roulette with a 6-chamber revolver containing either (A) two bullets, or (B) four bullets. Would you pay more to remove the two bullets in (A) than you would to remove one in (B)? Most would say yes, but rational considerations based on the classical utility theory suggest you should not. We discuss a possible solution within the classical framework, by explicitly stating and accounting for more detailed preferences in terms of fewer bullets and smaller debt. To a large extent, the paradox arises due to a surreptitious trespassing of Savage’s Small-World utilities implied by a limited set of preferences to govern a larger world containing potentially conflicting preferences. To avoid logical issues associated with death in the roulette, we also describe a non-fatal game-show version, where you choose one box out of six that could be either empty or contain prize money. Here, the paradox arises when you pay from the prize money, but not when you pay from your own money. In summary, the paradox provides a useful lesson about the normative role of the utility function as a rational guide for our decisions and preferences.
Validation of an algorithm to predict decline in INR following warfarin cessation in patients undergoing invasive procedures
Authors: Kampouraki Emmanouela , Wynne Hilary , Avery Peter , Kamali Farhad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients on warfarin are required to withdraw from treatment for a fixed period (normally 5 days) prior to an invasive procedure. However, the anticoagulant effect of warfarin subsides at different rates among different patients, exposing some to increased risk of either thrombosis or bleeding. In a recent study in patients awaiting surgery, following warfarin cessation the INR declined slower over time in those with two CYP2C9 variant alleles, increasing age, weight and number of comorbidities and that INR decline was faster in those with higher maintenance INR value. Subsequently, we developed an algorithm which predicts INR decline in individual patients after 5 days of warfarin cessation. The current study validated the algorithm. An independent cohort of patients completing a short course of warfarin took part in the study. INR values for subsequent 9 days and CYP2C9 genotype were available. The predicted INR decline (INRday 1–INRday 5) was compared to the observed one (where an INR check on day 5 was unavailable, INR was estimated using a linear approximation model). There was a strong correlation between the decline in INR by day 5 and that predicted from the algorithm for the 117 patients (r = 0.949, p < 0.001). The algorithm was precise, with low degree of bias and variance of the prediction error. The algorithm can accurately predict the INR decline following warfarin cessation in individual adult patients. The use of this easily adoptable algorithm can reduce cancellation or delays of planned surgical procedures.