bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and accessibility of surgical robotics in England
Authors: Lam Kyle , Clarke Jonathan , Purkayastha Sanjay , Kinross James M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution, utilisation and accessibility of surgical robotics in England is unknown.MethodsA nationwide Freedom of Information (FOI) request was sent to all acute National Health Service (NHS) trusts. Accessibility was assessed for 32 843 Lower Super Output Areas in England.ResultsAll 149 acute NHS trusts responded to the FOI request. Sixty‐one robots are distributed between 48 trusts. The number of robots and robotic procedures has increased annually. Urological procedures comprise 84.2% of robotic procedures. Procedure volume varies between robotic centres ranging from 1 to 683 in 2018. Over 2.4 million people have a travel time of over 1 hour to their nearest robotic centre.DiscussionNational accessibility to robotic services and case volumes are variable and does not represent good value for the NHS. A national robotic surgery registry could improve the quality of robotic surgery and is needed to dynamically assess national provision of this technology.
Ivor‐Lewis oesophagectomy: A standardized operative technique in 11 steps
Authors: Franke Frederike , Moeller Thorben , Mehdorn Anne‐Sophie , Beckmann Jan Henrik , Becker Thomas , Egberts Jan‐Hendrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynopsisStandardization of robotic oesophagectomy can benefit both patients and surgeons by decreasing complications, shortening the learning curve and improving surgical training.BackgroundThoraco‐abdominal oesophagectomy with lymphadenectomy is the cornerstone of curative therapy for oesophageal carcinoma. To reduce post‐operative morbidity, minimally invasive technology has become increasingly established. Conventional thoraco‐laparoscopic procedures, however, are limited by their technical feasibility. These limitations can be overcome using robot‐assisted technology.MethodsRobotic Ivor‐Lewis oesophageal resection has gradually been implemented in our clinic from 2013. We have performed over 250 robot‐assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomies and more than 2000 robotic procedures overall. This experience allowed us to establish a standardized operative technique.ResultsWe identified 11 operative steps as key elements for oesophageal resection, which should help implementation of this technique and allow surgeons to approach this complex procedure with greater confidence.ConclusionStandardization is fundamental to the establishment of a new surgical technique and is a key element in the learning curve of Ivor‐Lewis oesophageal resection. Standardization can lead to better reproducibility of results, and thus to improved quality.
Two‐stage recursive identification algorithms for a class of nonlinear time series models with colored noise
Authors: Xu Huan , Ding Feng , Gan Min , Yang Erfu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article concentrates on the recursive identification algorithms for the exponential autoregressive model with moving average noise. Using the decomposition technique, we transform the original identification model into a linear and nonlinear subidentification model and derive a two‐stage least squares (LS) extended stochastic gradient (ESG) algorithm. In order to improve the parameter estimation accuracy, we employ the multi‐innovation identification theory and develop a two‐stage LS multi‐innovation ESG algorithm. A simulation example is provided to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
River segmentation for autonomous surface vehicle localization and river boundary mapping
Authors: Meier Kevin , Chung Soon‐Jo , Hutchinson Seth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a vision‐based algorithm that identifies the boundary separating water from land in a river environment containing specular reflections. Our approach relies on the law of reflection. Assuming the surface of water behaves like a horizontal mirror, the border separating land from water corresponds to the border separating three‐dimensional (3D) data which are either above or below the surface of water. We detect a river by identifying this border in a stereo camera. We start by demonstrating how to robustly estimate the normal and height of the water's surface with respect to a stereo camera. Then, we segment water from land by identifying the boundary separating dense 3D stereo data which are either above or below the water's surface. We explicitly show how to find this boundary by formulating and solving a graph‐based optimization problem using dense 3D stereo data near the shoreline and Dijkstra's algorithm. With the border of water identified, we validate the proposed river boundary detection algorithm by applying it to a chronologically sequential video sequence obtained from the visual‐inertial canoe data set. The intended purpose of the proposed river segmentation algorithm is to be used as a front‐end object recognition module for solving the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem; therefore, using the extracted river boundary, we apply the recently developed visual‐inertial Curve SLAM algorithm to localize a canoe and create a sparse map that recovers the outline, shape, and dimensions of the shoreline of a river.
A study of human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells transplantation combined with allogenic mesenchymal stem cell infusion for treatment of severe aplastic anemia in pediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: Ding Li , Han Dong-Mei , Zheng Xiao-Li , Yan Hong-Min , Xue Mei , Liu Jing , Zhu Ling , Li Sheng , Mao Ning , Guo Zi-Kuan , Ning Hong-Mei , Wang Heng-Xiang , Zhu Heng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The clinical applications of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (haplo-HSCT) have offered most of the young severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients an opportunity to accept curative therapy at the early stage of bone marrow lesions. However, the outcome of juvenile SAA patients received haplo-HSCT remain to be improved due to high incidence of graft failure and graft vs host disease (GVHD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been characterized by their hematopoiesis-supporting and immunomodulatory properties. In the current study, we designed a combination of haplo-HSCT with allogenic MSC for treatment of SAA in pediatric and adolescent patients and evaluated its effects. Juvenile patients (&lt;18 years) with SAA (n = 103) were given HLA-haploidentical HSC combined with allogenic MSC after a conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin and an intensive GVHD prophylaxis, including cyclosporine, short-term methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and basiliximab. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 102 of 103 patients in a median time of 14.3 days (range 9-25 days). The median time of platelet engraftment was 25.42 days (range 8-93 days). The cumulative incidence of II-IV acute GVHD at day +100 was 26.32% ± 0.19% and III-IV acute GVHD was 6.79% ± 0.06% at day +100, respectively. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 25.56% ± 0.26%. The overall survival was 87.15% ± 3.3% at a median follow-up of 40 (1.3-98) months. Our data suggest that cotransplantation of HLA-haploidentical HSC and allogenic mesenchymal stem cell may provide an effective and safe treatment for children and adolescents with SAA who lack matched donors.
Like clouds in a windy sky: Mindfulness training reduces negative affect reactivity in daily life in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Rowland Zarah , Kubiak Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile prior research has found mindfulness to be linked with emotional responses to events, less is known about this effect in a non‐clinical sample. Even less is known regarding the mechanisms of the underlying processes: It is unclear whether participants who exhibit increased acceptance show decreased emotional reactivity (i.e., lower affective responses towards events overall) or a speedier emotional recovery (i.e., subsequent decrease in negative affect) due to adopting an accepting stance. To address these questions, we re‐analysed two Ambulatory Assessment data sets. The first (NStudy1 = 125) was a 6‐week randomized controlled trial (including a 40‐day ambulatory assessment); the second (NStudy2 = 175) was a 1‐week ambulatory assessment study. We found state mindfulness to be more strongly associated with emotional reactivity than with recovery, and that only emotional reactivity was significantly dampened by mindfulness training. Regarding the different facets of mindfulness, we found that the strongest predictor of both emotional reactivity and recovery was non‐judgemental acceptance. Finally, we found that being aware of one's own thoughts and behaviour could be beneficial or detrimental for emotional recovery, depending on whether participants accepted their thoughts and emotions. Together, these findings provide evidence for predictions derived from the monitoring and acceptance theory.
Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Starch from Potatoes Grown in Mexico
Authors: Cira‐Chávez Luis Alberto , Gassós‐Ortega Laura E. , García‐Encinas Nora Lilia , Castillo‐Zamora Mariana , Ruíz‐Cruz Saúl , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Estrada‐Alvarado María Isabel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of potato starch from three cultivars in the State of Sonora, Mexico, are evaluated. Content of starch, moisture, purity, and amylose vary from 11.8% to 14%, 9.2% to 11.2%, 78.2% to 83.0%, and 20.0% to 29.9%, respectively. The size and shape of the starch granules are similar among the cultivars. The granules show birefringence, which indicates the presence of a structural arrangement of their components (amylose and amylopectin). The highest peak temperature is observed in “Fiana” starch (67.0 ± 0.3 °C), even though gelatinization enthalpy is similar for the three starch sources (9.1 to 10.1 J g−1), indicating a similar arrangement of the double helixes of the amylopectin. The percentage of retrogradation is highest in “Vivaldi” starch (38.2%), which is similar to “Atlantic” (32.1%). Regarding the pasta profiles, the highest viscosity is as found in “Vivaldi” starch (95.1 mPa s−1). Due to its physicochemical properties, isolated starches produced from potatoes grown in Mexico have the potential to be used in industrial applications.
Banana Starch: Properties Illustration and Food Applications—A Review
Authors: Dhull Sanju Bala , Malik Tanu , Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Pradyuman , Kaushal Naveet , Singh Ajay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBananas are a valuable crop that are embedded with various micronutrients. Unripe bananas are of interest because they are used by commercial interests as a source of starch. These starches can be modified to resistant forms to slow digestibility and lower glycemic index. In this context, they are of interest in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease research. Additionally, there is pharmaceutical interest in modified banana starches in terms of drug delivery and in the textile industry as filler in yarn. Due to the texturizing capacity, mouthfeel, and palatability of banana starches, the beverage, bakery, and confectionery industries have investigated their use for novel formulations. This Review summarizes the properties and applications of banana starches.
Construction of high‐density genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time in autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using genotyping by sequencing
Authors: Zhang Fan , Kang Junmei , Long Ruicai , Yu Long‐Xi , Sun Yan , Wang Zhen , Zhao Zhongxiang , Zhang Tiejun , Yang Qingchuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlowering time is an important agronomic trait of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Managing flowering time can produce economic benefits for farmers. To understand the genetic basis of this trait, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted in a full‐sib population that consisted of 392 individuals segregating based on flowering time. High density linkage maps were constructed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated by genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). The linkage maps contained 3,818 SNP markers on 64 linkage groups in two parents. The average marker density was 4.33 cM for Parent 1 (P1) and 1.47 cM for Parent 2 (P2). Phenotypic data for flowering time was collected for three years at one location. Twenty‐eight QTLs were identified associated with flowering time. Eleven QTLs explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, five main effect QTLs located on linkage group (LG) 7D of P1 and five main effect QTLs located on LG 6D of P2 were identified. Three QTLs were co‐located with other QTLs. The identified linked markers to QTLs could be used for marker‐assisted selection in breeding programs to develop new alfalfa varieties to modulate flowering time.
Promotion of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using natural additives for bioethanol production
Authors: Rajeswari K. , Rekha B. , Saravanathamizhan Ramanujam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPretreatment is used to reduce the lignin and hemicellulose content present in biomass as they are inhibitory to the hydrolysis of cellulose. As time proceeds, it is found that redeposition of lignin occurs on the biomass surface. This paper focuses on the preparation of natural additives using soy‐protein extract, and it is used for the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis. Acid pretreatment followed by hydrogen peroxide and hot‐water pretreatment has been attempted for the black urad dhal (Vigna mungo) biomass. Hot‐water–pretreated biomass was further subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using additives. The nonproductive lignin binding on to the surface of the biomass lowers the activity of the enzyme and increases the requirement of enzymes for the hydrolysis of cellulose. The hydrolyzed biomass subjected to bioethanol production using saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is noticed that the bioethanol produced using hot‐water pretreatment with additives and acid pretreated biomass with additives has a concentration of about 0.443 and 0.204 mL/g, respectively.
A rapid and simple single‐step method for the purification of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites
Authors: El‐Ashram Saeed , Zhang Yu , Ji Yongsheng , Salama Dina , Mei Kun , Zhili Li , Shujian Huang , Zhang Haoji , Aboelhadid Shawky M. , Alajmi Reem A. , Metwally Dina M. , El‐Khadragy Manal F. , Hargis Billy M. , Tellez‐Isaias Guillermo , Cenci‐Goga Beniamino T. , Karama Musafiri , Marufu Munyaradzi C. , Abouhajer Fathi , Ali Abdelhafez Hamady Gamal , El Wakil Abeer , Al Nasr Ibrahim , Suo Xun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study describes a simple method for the large‐scale isolation of pure Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. T. gondii tachyzoites were obtained from infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and peritoneal exudates of mice, while tissue cysts containing bradyzoites were collected from chronically infected mice. Harvested cells and brain tissues were incubated in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.5% taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) for 5 min. Subsequent washes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were conducted, and the cell viability of the preparations was good, as determined by flow cytometry and ability to reinfect HFF cells and propagate in mice. The purification procedure allowed for a rapid preparation of pure T. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in sufficient quantity that can be used for downstream procedures. The advantage of the new method is that it is convenient and inexpensive.
Optimization of the rectilinear motion of a capsule system along a rough plane
Authors: Figurina Tatiana , Glazkov Timur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA rectilinear motion of a capsule system along a horizontal rough plane is considered. The system consists of a housing and an internal mass moving periodically along an inclined straight guide rigidly connected to the housing. The friction between the housing and the underlying plane is assumed to be Coulomb's one. The motion of the housing with a periodically changing velocity is investigated. Such a motion may be reversible, in which case the housing alternately moves forward and backward, or irreversible, in which case the housing moves forward or stays at rest and never moves backward. The problem under consideration is the maximization of the distance traveled by the housing for a period with respect to the parameters of the system, for both reversible and irreversible modes of the motion.
EFT anomalous dimensions from the S-matrix
Authors: Miró Joan Elias , Ingoldby James , Riembau Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We use the on-shell S-matrix and form factors to compute anomalous dimensions of higher dimension operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We find that in many instances, these computations are made simple by using the on-shell method. We first compute contributions to anomalous dimensions of operators at dimension-six that arise at one-loop. Then we calculate two-loop anomalous dimensions for which the corresponding one-loop contribution is absent, using this powerful method.
Abelian Higgs model in power-law inflation: the propagators in the unitary gauge
Authors: Glavan Dražen , Marunović Anja , Prokopec Tomislav , Zahraee Zahra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider the Abelian Higgs model in the broken phase as a spectator in cosmological spaces of general D space-time dimensions, and allow for the condensate to be time-dependent. We fix the unitary gauge using Dirac’s formalism for constrained systems, and then quantize the gauge-fixed system. Vector and scalar perturbations develop time­dependent masses. We work out their propagators assuming the cosmological background is that of power-law inflation, characterized by a constant principal slow-roll parameter, and that the scalar condensate is in the attractor regime, scaling as the Hubble rate. Our propagators correctly reduce to known results in the Minkowski and de Sitter space limits. We use the vector propagator to compute the equal-time correlators of electric and magnetic fields and find that at super-Rubble separations the former is enhanced, while the latter is suppressed compared to the vacuum fluctuations of the massless vector field. These correlators satisfy the hierarchy governed by Faraday’s law.
The phytopathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ alters apple tree phloem composition and affects oviposition behavior of its vector Cacopsylla picta
Authors: Görg Louisa Maria , Gallinger Jannicke , Gross Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApple proliferation disease is caused by the phloem-dwelling bacterium ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma mali’, inducing morphological changes in its host plant apple, such as witches’ broom formation. Furthermore, it triggers physiological alterations like emission of volatile organic compounds or phytohormone levels in the plant. In our study, we assessed phytoplasma-induced changes in the phloem by sampling phloem sap from infected and non-infected apple plants. In infected plants, the soluble sugar content increased and the composition of phloem metabolites differed significantly between non-infected and infected plants. Sugar and sugar alcohol levels increased in diseased plants, while organic and amino acid content remained constant. As ‘Ca. P. mali’ is vectored by the phloem-feeding insectCacopsylla picta(Foerster, 1848), we assessed whether the insect–plant interaction was affected by ‘Ca. P. mali’ infection of the common host plantMalus domesticaBorkh. Binary-choice oviposition bioassays between infected and non-infected apple leaves revealedC. picta’s preference for non-infected leaves. It is assumed and discussed that the changes in vector behavior are attributable to plant-mediated effects of the phytoplasma infection.
The Acute and Delayed Mortality of the Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Escobar-Lux Rosa H. , Samuelsen Ole B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBath treatment pharmaceuticals used to control sea lice infestations in the salmonid industry, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are released directly into the environment where non-target organisms are at risk of exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold concentrations for mortality of the Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, a major component of the north Atlantic marine ecosystem. To assess the lethal effects of H2O2, we carried out a series of 1 h acute toxicity tests and assessed mortality through a 48 h post-exposure period. One-hour exposure to 170 mg/L, corresponding to 10% of the recommended H2O2 treatment, caused 100% mortality and a subsequent acute median-lethal concentration LC50 value of 32.5 mg/L. Increased mortality was observed with time in all exposed groups, resulting in successively lower LC50 values during the post-exposure period. The suggested H2O2 concentrations have the potential of causing negative effects to the Northern krill.
Good outcomes of modified Grammont and Langenskiöld technique in children with habitual patellar dislocation
Authors: Musielak Bartosz Jan , Premakumaran Pirunthi , Janusz Piotr , Dziurda Magda , Koch Aleksander , Walczak Michał 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, the functional mid-term outcomes of the modified Grammont and Langenskiöld technique was assessed in skeletally immature patients with habitual patellar dislocation, with emphasis on knee function, pain, and other possible post-surgical complications. This is the first study concerning the application of the modified Grammont and Langenskiöld technique in habitual patellar dislocations.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study considered 10 patients (15 knees), ranging from 7 to 11 years old, who underwent the modified Grammont and Langenskiold procedure between 2015 and 2018. History of dislocation, patellar stability and range of motion (ROM) were analysed. To assess functional improvement and knee pain, the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale and KOOS-Child Knee Survey were used before and after surgical treatment.

Results
No history of dislocation was noted after surgical treatment. All 15 knees showed full ROM. There were no signs of genu recurvatum and no length discrepancies were found. The subjective assessment revealed significant improvement in the scores of the KOOS-Child questionnaire in all five sections (p < 0.001), as well as in The Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The modified Grammont and Langenskiöld technique yields remarkable results in terms of knee stability and knee function, while decreasing recurrence risk and intensity of pain in patients with challenging cases of patellofemoral joint dislocation. This surgical technique is most effective in cases where the patella remains dislocated continuously; however, it may also be used in immature patients with recurrent instability.

Level of evidence
IV.