bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary states for chiral symmetries in two dimensions
Authors: Smith Philip Boyle , Tong David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study boundary states for Dirac fermions in d = 1 + 1 dimensions that preserve Abelian chiral symmetries, meaning that the left- and right-moving fermions carry different charges. We derive simple expressions, in terms of the fermion charge assignments, for the boundary central charge and for the ground state degeneracy of the system when two different boundary conditions are imposed at either end of an interval. We show that all such boundary states fall into one of two classes, related to SPT phases supported by (−1)F , which are characterised by the existence of an unpaired Majorana zero mode.
Sequencing depth and genotype quality: accuracy and breeding operation considerations for genomic selection applications in autopolyploid crops
Authors: Gemenet Dorcus C. , Lindqvist-Kreuze Hannele , De Boeck Bert , da Silva Pereira Guilherme , Mollinari Marcelo , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Craig Yencho G. , Campos Hugo 
Published: September 2020

Key messagePolypoid crop breeders can balance resources between density and sequencing depth, dosage information and fewer highly informative SNPs recommended, non-additive models and QTL advantages on prediction dependent on trait architecture.AbstractThe autopolyploid nature of potato and sweetpotato ensures a wide range of meiotic configurations and linkage phases leading to complex gene-action and pose problems in genotype data quality and genomic selection analyses. We used a 315-progeny biparentalF1population of hexaploid sweetpotato and a diversity panel of 380 tetraploid potato, genotyped using different platforms to answer the following questions: (i) do polyploid crop breeders need to invest more for additional sequencing depth? (ii) how many markers are required to make selection decisions? (iii) does considering non-additive genetic effects improve predictive ability (PA)? (iv) does considering dosage or quantitative trait loci (QTL) offer significant improvement to PA? Our results show that only a small number of highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ≤ 1000) are adequate for prediction in the type of populations we analyzed. We also show that considering dosage information and models considering only additive effects had the best PA for most traits, while the comparative advantage of considering non-additive genetic effects and including known QTL in the predictive model depended on trait architecture. We conclude that genomic selection can help accelerate the rate of genetic gains in potato and sweetpotato. However, application of genomic selection should be considered as part of optimizing the entire breeding program. Additionally, since the predictions in the current study are based on single populations, further studies on the effects of haplotype structure and inheritance on PA should be studied in actual multi-generation breeding populations.
Small sets in Mann pairs
Authors: Eleftheriou Pantelis E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {M}}}=\langle {{{\mathcal {M}}}}, G\rangle $$

M
~

=

⟨
M
,
G
⟩

be an expansion of a real closed field $${{{\mathcal {M}}}}$$
M
by a dense subgroup G of $$\langle M^{>0}, \cdot \rangle $$

⟨

M

>
0

,
·
⟩

with the Mann property. We prove that the induced structure on G by $${{{\mathcal {M}}}}$$
M
eliminates imaginaries. As a consequence, every small set X definable in $${{{\mathcal {M}}}}$$
M
can be definably embedded into some $$G^l$$

G
l

, uniformly in parameters. These results are proved in a more general setting, where $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {M}}}=\langle {{{\mathcal {M}}}}, P\rangle $$

M
~

=

⟨
M
,
P
⟩

is an expansion of an o-minimal structure $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$
M
by a dense set $$P\subseteq M$$

P
⊆
M

, satisfying three tameness conditions.
Simulation of laser heating distribution for a thermoplastic composite: effects of AFP head parameters
Authors: Baho Omar , Ausias Gilles , Grohens Yves , Férec Julien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaser-assisted automated fiber placement (AFP) is highly suitable for an efficient production of thermoplastic-matrix composite parts, especially for aeronautic/aerospace applications. Heat input by laser heating provides many advantages such as better temperature controls and uniform heating projections. However, this laser beam distribution can be affected by the AFP head system, mainly at the roller level. In this paper, a new optico-thermal model is established to evaluate the laser energy quantity absorbed by a poly(ether ether ketone) reinforced with carbon fibers (APC-2). During the simulation process, the illuminated radiative material properties are characterized and evaluated in terms of the roller deformation, the tilt of the robot head, and the reflection phenomenon between the substrate and the incoming tape. After computing the radiative source term using a ray-tracing method, these data are used to predict the temperature distribution on both heated surfaces of the composite during the process. The results show that both the roller deformation and the tilt of head make it possible to focus the laser beam on a small area, which considerably affects the quality of the finished part. These findings demonstrate that this optico-thermal model can be used to predict numerically the insufficient heating area and thermoplastic composites heating law.
Pre-emptive digitally guided pudendal block after posterior vaginal repair
Authors: Uustal Eva 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this study was to establish if digitally guided pre-emptive pudendal block (PDB) reduces postoperative pain and facilitates recovery after posterior vaginal repair under local anesthesia and sedation.

Methods
We carried out a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in an outpatient surgery facility. Forty-one women between 18 and 70 years of age, scheduled for primary posterior vaginal reconstructive outpatient surgery, completed the study. The surgery was performed using sedation and local anesthesia with bupivacaine/adrenaline. At the end of surgery, 20 ml of either ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml or sodium chloride (placebo) was administered as a digitally guided PDB. The primary aim was to establish if PDB with ropivacaine compared with placebo reduced the maximal pain as reported by visual analog scale (VAS) during the first 24 h after surgery. Secondary aims were to compare the duration and experience of the hospital stay, nausea, need for additional opioids, and adverse events.

Results
PDB with ropivacaine after local infiltration with bupivacaine/adrenaline after outpatient posterior repair did not significantly reduce maximal postoperative pain, need for hospital admittance, nausea, or opioid use. Mild transient sensory loss occurred after ropivacaine in two women. Two women the placebo group were unable to void owing to severe postoperative pain, which was resolved by a rescue PDB.

Conclusions
When bupivacaine/adrenaline is used for anesthesia in posterior vaginal repair, PDB with ropivacaine gives no benefit regarding postoperative pain, recovery or length of hospital stay. Rescue PDB can be useful for postoperative pain relief.
Minimal important difference and patient acceptable symptom state for PFDI-20 and POPDI-6 in POP surgery
Authors: Karjalainen Päivi K. , Mattsson Nina K. , Jalkanen Jyrki T. , Nieminen Kari , Tolppanen Anna-Maija 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisPatient-reported outcome measures are fundamental tools when assessing effectiveness of treatments. The challenge lies in the interpretation: which magnitude of change in score is meaningful for the patients? The minimal important difference (MID) is defined as the smallest difference in score that patients perceive as important. The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) represents the value of score beyond which patients consider themselves well. We aimed to determine the MID and PASS for Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 (POPDI-6) in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.MethodsWe used data from 2704 POP surgeries from a prospective, population-based cohort. MID was determined with three anchor-based and one distribution-based method. PASS was defined using two different methods. Medians of the estimates were identified.ResultsThe MID estimates with (1) mean change, (2) receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, (3) 75th percentile, and (4) distribution-based method varied between 22.9–25.0 (median 24.2) points for PFDI-20 and 9.0–12.5 (median 11.3) for POPDI-6. The PASS cutoffs with (1) 75th percentile and (2) ROC curve method varied between 57.7–62.5 (median 60.0) for PFDI-20 and 16.7–17.7 (median 17.2) for POPDI-6.ConclusionA mean difference of 24 points in the PFDI-20 or 11 points in the POPDI-6 can be used as a clinically relevant difference between groups. Postoperative scores ≤ 60 for PFDI-20 and ≤ 17 for POPDI-6 signify acceptable symptom state.
The role of microorganisms on biotransformation of brewers’ spent grain
Authors: Bianco Angela , Budroni Marilena , Zara Severino , Mannazzu Ilaria , Fancello Francesco , Zara Giacomo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product of brewing. Due to its microbiological instability and high perishability, fresh BSG is currently disposed of as low-cost cattle feed. However, BSG is an appealing source of nutrients to obtain products with high added value through microbial-based transformation. As such, BSG could become a potential source of income for the brewery itself. While recent studies have covered the relevance of BSG chemical composition in detail, this review aims to underline the importance of microorganisms from the stabilization/contamination of fresh BSG to its biotechnological exploitation. Indeed, the evaluation of BSG-associated microorganisms, which include yeast, fungi, and bacteria, can allow their safe use and the best methods for their exploitation. This bibliographical examination is particularly focused on the role of microorganisms in BSG exploitation to (1) produce enzymes and metabolites of industrial interest, (2) supplement human and animal diets, and (3) improve soil fertility. Emerging safety issues in the use of BSG as a food and feed additive is also considered, particularly considering the presence of mycotoxins.Key points• Microorganisms are used to enhance brewers’ spent grain nutritional value.• Knowledge of brewers’ spent grain microbiota allows the reduction of health risks.
Microbiome of root vegetables—a source of gluten-degrading bacteria
Authors: Kõiv Viia , Adamberg Kaarel , Adamberg Signe , Sumeri Ingrid , Kasvandik Sergo , Kisand Veljo , Maiväli Ülo , Tenson Tanel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gluten is a cereal protein that is incompletely digested by human proteolytic enzymes that create immunogenic peptides that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Although both environmental and human bacteria have been shown to expedite gluten hydrolysis, gluten intolerance is a growing concern. Here we hypothesize that together with food, we acquire environmental bacteria that could impact our GIT with gluten-degrading bacteria. Using in vitro gastrointestinal simulation conditions, we evaluated the capacity of endophytic bacteria that inhabit root vegetables, potato (Solanum tuberosum), carrot (Daucus sativus), beet (Beta vulgaris), and topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) (Helianthus tuberosus), to resist these conditions and degrade gluten. By 16S rDNA sequencing, we discovered that bacteria from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, and Clostridiaceae most effectively multiply in conditions similar to the human GIT (microoxic conditions, 37 °C) while utilizing vegetable material and gluten as nutrients. Additionally, we used stomach simulation (1 h, pH 3) and intestinal simulation (1 h, bile salts 0.4%) treatments. The bacteria that survived this treatment retained the ability to degrade gluten epitopes but at lower levels. Four bacterial strains belonging to species Bacillus pumilus, Clostridium subterminale, and Clostridium sporogenes isolated from vegetable roots produced proteases with postproline cleaving activity that successfully neutralized the toxic immunogenic epitopes.

Key points
• Bacteria from root vegetables can degrade gluten.
• Some of these bacteria can resist conditions mimicking gastrointestinal tract.
Immersives verteiltes Robotic Co-working
Authors: Seiger Ronny , Aßmann Uwe , Grzelak Dominik , Belov Mikhail , Riedel Paul , Podlubne Ariel , Zhao Wanqi , Kerber Jens , Mohr Jonas , Espinosa Fabio , Schwartz Tim 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIm zukünftigen taktilen Internet wachsen die physische und virtuelle Welt auch über mehrere Standorte hinweg immer weiter zusammen. Robotic Co-working – das gemeinsame Kollaborieren von Robotern und Menschen – gewinnt dabei zunehmend im Kontext des Internet der Dinge (IoT) und cyber-physischer Systeme (CPS) an Bedeutung. Mit dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir eine Fallstudie, die anlässlich des 50-jährigen Jubiläums des Informatikstudiums in Deutschland durchgeführt wurde. In dieser arbeiten Menschen und Roboter über mehrere Standorte verteilt in einer virtuellen Co-Working-Zelle zusammen, um einen „physischen und virtuellen Informatik-Deutschland-Campus 2069“ zu konstruieren. Unter Nutzung von Sensorik, Aktuatorik und Software wird der cyber-physische Campus, von einem Workflow gesteuert, schrittweise errichtet. Mithilfe einer Mixed-Reality-Anwendung kann dieser Prozess immersiv, d. h. eintauchbar und interaktiv, unabhängig von einem konkreten Standort erlebt werden.
Persistence on biologic DMARD monotherapy after achieving rheumatoid arthritis disease control on combination therapy: retrospective analysis of corrona registry data
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , Litman Heather J. , Lesperance Tamara , Kricorian Greg , Karis Elaine , Rebello Sabrina , Hua Winnie , Accortt Neil A. , Stryker Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) monotherapy may enhance adherence and decrease adverse events compared to combination therapy with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs); however, persistence with bDMARD monotherapy has not been extensively studied. We explore persistence of etanercept monotherapy and monotherapy with other tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) among patients first achieving remission/low disease activity (LDA) while on combination therapy with csDMARDs and a TNFi. Using Corrona registry data, the percentage of patients persistent with the index TNFi (etanercept versus other TNFis) over 6 and 12 months was determined. Factors influencing persistence and treatment patterns at 6 and 12 months were examined. Among 617 eligible patients, 56% of 182 patients on etanercept and 45% of 435 patients on other TNFis persisted with monotherapy at 6 months, 46% and 33%, respectively, at 12 months. Across first-line and subsequent biologic DMARDs, etanercept persistence was greater than other TNFi persistence by 10.8% (95% CI 2.1%, 19.6%) at 6 months and 11.4% (95% CI 0.9%, 21.9%) at 12 months. Patients on other TNFis were more likely to require reintroduction of csDMARD after 6 months (45% versus 35% for etanercept). Remission was the key predictor of persistence for both etanercept and other TNFi monotherapies. This retrospective, cohort study of registry data reflecting real-world practice indicates patients who achieve remission/LDA with combination csDMARD and TNFi therapy may successfully transition to TNFi monotherapy. Patients on etanercept monotherapy experienced greater persistence and less frequent reintroduction of a csDMARD than was observed for patients on other TNFi monotherapies.
Patient preferences for development in MRI scanner design: a survey of claustrophobic patients in a randomized study
Authors: Iwan Elisa , Yang Jinhua , Enders Judith , Napp Adriane Elisabeth , Rief Matthias , Dewey Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner designs claustrophobic patients prefer.

Material/methods
We analyzed questionnaires completed by 160 patients at high risk for claustrophobia directly after a scan in either a short-bore or open panoramic scanner as part of a prospective randomized trial Enders et al (BMC Med Imaging 11:4, 2011). Scanner preferences were judged based on schematic drawings of four scanners. Information on the diagnostic performance of the depicted scanners was provided, too.

Results
A majority of patients suggested upright open (59/160, 36.9%) and open panoramic (53/160, 33.1%) before short-bore designs (26/160, 16.3%, for all p < 0.001) for future development. When asked about patients’ preferred scanner choice for an upcoming examination, information about a better diagnostic performance of a short-bore scanner significantly improved its preference rates (from 6/160 to 49/160 or 3.8 to 30.5%, p < 0.001). Patients with a claustrophobic event preferred open designs significantly more often than patients without a claustrophobic event (p = 0.047). Patients scanned in a short-bore scanner in our trial preferred this design significantly more often (p = 0.003). Noise reduction (51/160, 31.9%), more space over the head (44/160, 27.5%), and overall more space (33/160, 20.6%) were the commonest suggested areas of improvement.

Conclusion
Patients at high risk for claustrophobia visually prefer open- over short-bore MRI designs for further development. Education about a better diagnostic performance of a visually less-attractive scanner can increase its acceptance. Noise and space were of most concern for claustrophobic patients. This information can guide individual referral of claustrophobic patients to scanners and future scanner development.

Key Points
• Patients at high risk for claustrophobia visually favor the further development of open scanners as opposed to short- and closed-bore scanner designs.
• Educating claustrophobic patients about a higher diagnostic performance of a short-bore scanner can significantly increase their acceptance of this otherwise visually less-attractive design.
• A medical history of earlier claustrophobic events in a given MRI scanner type and focusing on the features “more space” and “noise reduction” can help to guide referral of patients who are at high risk for claustrophobia.
C9orf72 loss-of-function: a trivial, stand-alone or additive mechanism in C9 ALS/FTD?
Authors: Braems Elke , Swinnen Bart , Van Den Bosch Ludo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA repeat expansion in C9orf72 is responsible for the characteristic neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in a still unresolved manner. Proposed mechanisms involve gain-of-functions, comprising RNA and protein toxicity, and loss-of-function of the C9orf72 gene. Their exact contribution is still inconclusive and reports regarding loss-of-function are rather inconsistent. Here, we review the function of the C9orf72 protein and its relevance in disease. We explore the potential link between reduced C9orf72 levels and disease phenotypes in postmortem, in vitro, and in vivo models. Moreover, the significance of loss-of-function in other non-coding repeat expansion diseases is used to clarify its contribution in C9orf72 ALS/FTD. In conclusion, with evidence pointing to a multiple-hit model, loss-of-function on itself seems to be insufficient to cause neurodegeneration in C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Different time course of compensation of subjective visual vertical and ocular torsion after acute unilateral vestibular lesion
Authors: Faralli Mario , Ricci Giampietro , Manzari Leonardo , Zambonini Giulia , Lapenna Ruggero , Pettorossi Vito Enrico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTime course of the recovery of otolithic dis-function caused by superior vestibular neuritis has been examined in fifteen patients.MethodsThe subjective visual vertical (SVV) and the ocular cyclotorsion (OT) have been measured four times after the acute episode up to 1 yearResultsIn most of the patients the SVV tilt returned to control values within few months (3–6 months) after the acute episode, while OT remained out of normal range in almost all patients a year later.ConclusionThe abnormal OT observed after 1 year from the acute episode of vestibular neuritis, suggests that the otolithic receptors remained altered for several months and the OT may be a good indicator of the entity of the residual peripheral otolithic lesion. Moreover, the dissociation between the SVV tilt recovery and that of OT supports the issue that the two signs of the otolithic disfunction are only partially linked each other with centrally or peripherally distinct re-balancing circuits.
Parkinson’s disease laterality: a 11C-PE2I PET imaging study
Authors: Roussakis Andreas-Antonios , Zeng Zhou , Lao-Kaim Nicholas P. , Martin-Bastida Antonio , Piccini Paola ,   TRANSEURO consortium, Barker Roger A. , Farrell Krista , Guzman Natalie Valle , He Xiaoling , Lazic Stanley E. , Moore Sarah , Morris Robert , Tyers Pamela , Wijeyekoon Ruwani , Daft Danielle , Hewitt Sam , Dayal Biswas , Foltynie Thomas , Kefalopoulou Zenobia , Mahlknecht Philipp , Bjartmarz Hjalmar , Björklund Anders , Lindvall Olle , Nelander-Wahlestedt Jenny , Parmar Malin , Paul Gesine , Widner Hakan , Church Alistair , Dunnett Stephen , Peall Kathryn , Rosser Anne , Gurruchaga Jean Marc , Palfi Stéphane , Piroth Tobias , Winkler Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsymmetry of striatal dopaminergic deficits and motor symptoms is a typical characteristic of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aims to characterise the trend of asymmetry in moderate-stage PD. We performed a 19-month longitudinal study in 27 patients with PET-CT imaging and appropriate clinical assessments. 11C-PE2I non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated bilaterally for the striatum at baseline and follow-up to estimate the in vivo density of striatal dopamine transporters (DAT). Changes in striatal 11C-PE2I BPND over time were more prominent in the ipsilateral as compared to contralateral side. Changes in MDS-UPDRS-III (motor component of the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale) were not different between the clinically most and least affected body sides. Our data support that the asymmetry in striatal dopaminergic degeneration becomes less prominent in moderate-stage PD. In contrast, during the above period, the asymmetry of motor symptoms was maintained between the clinically most and least affected body sides.