bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M5 Involved in Spermatogenesis through the Modification of Cell-Cell Junctions
Authors: Zhao Yong , Han Xiao , Zhang Pengfei , Shen Wei , Zhang Hongfu , Zhang Cong , Xiong Bohui , Yin Shen , Ge Zhaojia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonists have been reported to decrease male fertility, however the roles of mAChRs in spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. During spermatogenesis, extensive remodeling between Sertoli cells and/or germ cells interfaces takes place to accommodate the transport of developing germ cells across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and adluminal compartment. The cell-cell junctions play vital role in the spermatogenesis process.
Methods

This study used ICR male mice and spermatogonial cells (C18-4) as well as Sertoli cells (TM-4). shRNA of control or M5 gene was injected into 5-week-age ICR mice testes. Ten days post viral grafting, mice were deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital and the testes were collected. One testicle was fresh frozen in liquid nitrogen then total RNA was extracted for RNA-seq analysis or total protein was isolated for Western blotting (WB). The second testicle was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for immunofluorescence staining (IHF). C18-4 or TM-4 cells were treated with shRNA of control or M5 gene. Then the cells were collected for RNA-seq analysis, WB, or IHF.
Results

Knockdown of mAChR M5 disrupted mouse spermatogenesis and damaged the actin-based cytoskeleton and many types of junction proteins in both Sertoli cells and germ cells. M5 knockdown decreased Phldb2 expression in both germ cells and Sertoli cells which suggested that Phldb2 may regulate the cytoskeleton and other junctional proteins to control blood-testis barrier (BTB) and ectoplasmic specializations (ES) formation to regulate spermatogenesis.
Conclusion

Recent epidemiological studies suggest 20–35% of couples are infertile, and many of them have idiopathic failed gametogenesis. Moreover, the human spermatozoa quality has been declined significantly. Environmental contaminants have been found to play a major role in these phenomena because they disrupt the cell-cell junctions in testes to diminish spermatogenesis. Our investigation has elucidated a novel role for mAChR M5 in the regulation of spermatogenesis through Phldb2 regulation of the BTB and ES. M5 may be an attractive future therapeutic target in the treatment of male reproductive disorders.
Growth And Elasticity Of Output Of MSME In India
Authors: PALAK SETAK , Das Sandhyarani 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses the phenomenon of growth in India through the lens of employment elasticity. Investigative results are imitative for decompositions of both the level and change of combined employment elasticity in terms of sectoral elasticities, relative development and employment shares. Estimates of these decompositions are presented with employment and output data from related sources for both economies. In India, MSME sector was the key determinant of both the level and change of aggregate elasticity. In India, service is the most important determinant of the level, but manufacturing remains an important driver of changes in aggregate employment elasticity. The core objective of the present paper remains to analyse the growth and elasticity output relationship in this sector, so the study contains the productivity analysis of the MSME sector in India. This will unleash the role of the various inputs and output in production here. Extended Cobb Douglas Production Function has been utilised on the secondary, cross section data of MSMEs of India. Different variables like employment, Number of working enterprises, input, output and capital are selected to analyze their effects of MSMEs.
Conditional Random Fields for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Revisited
Authors: Xie Xie-Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key task which automatically extracts Named Entities (NE) from the text. Names of persons, places, date and time are examples of NEs. We are applying Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for NER in biomedical domain. Examples of NEs in biomedical texts are gene, proteins. We used a minimal set of features to train CRF algorithm and obtained a good results for biomedical texts.
The role and mechanism of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in inducing osteogenesis and preventing osteoporosis
Authors: Ge Yahao , Wang Xinjia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes promote tissue regeneration and repair, and thus might be used to treat many diseases; however, the influence of microenvironmental conditions on exosomes remains unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of the osteogenic differentiation microenvironment on the functions of human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSC)-derived exosomes. We explored the role and mechanism by which exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation and prevent osteoporosis, and propose a method to treat and prevent osteoporosis.MethodsHucMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords, and after osteogenic differentiation and normal culture for 48 h, cell supernatants were collected to isolate exosomes. Exosomes from standardized stem cell culture (Exo1) and osteogenic differentiation-exosomes (Exo2) were co-cultured with osteoblasts, separately. Cell counting kit-8 assays, and alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to observe the exosomes’ effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The levels of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting. Estrogen-deficient osteoporosis model mice were established, and treated with the two exosomes preparations. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed after 6 weeks. MicroRNAs in Exo1 and Exo2 were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics.ResultsTreatment with Exo1 and Exo2 enhanced osteoblast osteogenic differentiation significantly, and osteogenic differentiation-related gene and protein expression increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with Exo1 group, Exo2 had a stronger osteogenic differentiation promoting effect, but a weaker proliferation promoting effect. Exo1 and Exo2 significantly improved the tibial density of osteoporosis model mice, with no significant differences between the groups. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa-mir-328-3p and hsa-mir-2110 might be exosome osteogenesis regulatory microRNAs. Compared with Exo1, the target genes of Exo2-carried microRNAs are enriched in osteoclast differentiation and PPAR signaling. ConclusionsHucMSC-derived exosomes can promote osteogenic differentiation. Exosomes produced in an osteogenic differentiation microenvironment had a stronger osteogenic function, but a weaker proliferative effect. HucMSC-derived exosomes have a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The exosomes induced by osteoblasts carry microRNAs that regulate osteoblast differentiation, which might function via osteoblast, adipocyte, and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathways.
Intradialytic exercise in the treatment of social frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center prospective study
Authors: Abe Koki , Shimamura Yoshinosuke , Maeda Takuto , Kato Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Tomomi , Takizawa Hideki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Social frailty—the lack of a connection to society and infrequent social activities—has been reported to be associated with future declines in physical function in elderly individuals. This study aimed to evaluate both the association of social frailty with the physical function and the efficacy of intradialytic exercise as a therapy for social frailty among hemodialysis patients.Methods: A total of 16 hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis department of a single medical center were enrolled in this single-center prospective single-arm interventional study. Patients received five questions which asked about going out infrequently, lack of visiting friends, feeling unhelpful to friends or family, living alone, and lack of talking with someone. Those to whom two or more of the above were applicable were categorized as socially frail. All patients were placed into exercise therapy to be performed during their thrice-weekly hemodialysis visits. Participants’ physical function (walking speed), muscle strength (grip strength), muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index), and social frailty were evaluated at baseline and after three months of therapy.Results: Four (25%) of the 16 participants (median age 71.5 years, 8 women) were categorized as being socially frail. In comparison to the non-socially frail group (non-SF), the socially frail group (SF) had a significantly lower walking speed (0.70 ± 0.12 m/s vs 1.15 ± 0.26 m/s, p= 0.005) and significantly worse performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery. Three months of intradialytic exercise therapy significantly improved their walking speed, from 1.04 ± 0.30 m/s to 1.16 ± 0.29 m/s (p= 0.003). Intradialytic exercise therapy significantly improved walking speed in both the SF group and the non-SF group. The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic occurred in the middle of the intervention period of this study, and although it was not statistically significant, the number of socially frail individuals among our participants increased to seven (43.8%, p= 0.248).Conclusions: Social frailty was associated with reduced physical function among hemodialysis patients. Intradialytic exercise therapy improved physical function regardless of the presence of social frailty.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR, UMIN-CTR000038313. Registered November 1, 2019,https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043639.
A fenomenologia como possibilidade epistemológica de uma crítica às teorias do desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Prieto Bento Dourado Maira 
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo propõe fundamentar epistemologicamente a necessidade do pensamento crítico em relação às teorias do desenvolvimento humano utilizadas pela psicologia. Aqui procuramos introduzir uma crítica a partir da fenomenologia e de elementos que caminham na contramão do modo hegemônico de pensar a ciência sobre a vida humana. A doutrina fundamentada em Husserl e Heidegger aponta o empenho em problematizar o modo de fazer ciência hegemônico de suas épocas, apresentando a fenomenologia como um caminho possível para romper com o positivismo e com os imperativos da ciência moderna. A psicologia Fenomenológico-Existencial absorveu essa cadeia de críticas: oposição ao pressuposto de um sujeito (reduzido), seja como aparato psíquico, seja comportamental. Nesse sentido a postura da nos permite explorar propostas de investigação que cultivam novos caminhos para alcançar novos resultados que reconhecem o desenvolvimento infantil e humano num curso não-linear, porém progressivo dos ciclos da vida, no qual não existe a obrigatoriedade de se passar por todos os ciclos.
Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento infantil; fenomenologia; epistemologia; Heidegger; Psicologia Fenomenológico-Existencial
Linfoma Difuso de grandes células B rico em células T/Histiócitos com características do Linfoma de Hodgkin de Predomínio Nodular Linfocitário: relato de caso
Authors: Alves Peruzini Giovanna Alves , Barbosa Reis Queiroz Beatriz , Caetano Cariello Iago , De Oliveira Boechat Tiago 
Published: June 2020

A atual classificação dos linfomas é baseada em um complexo sistema de características clínicas, morfológicas, imunofenotípicas e moleculares. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso de diagnóstico desafiador de um linfoma com características do Linfoma de Hodgkin de Predomínio Nodular Linfocitário (LHPNL) e Linfoma B Rico em células T/Histiócitos (LBRCT/H). Paciente, 38 anos, sem comorbidades compareceu ao ambulatório com queixa de linfonodomegalias generalizadas há aproximadamente 4 anos, com aumento progressivo ao longo dos anos, associado a emagrecimento de cerca de 20kg, sudorese noturna, febre e tosse. Ao exame físico, presença de massa bulky em região inguinal direita de 28 cm e edema ipsilateral. O histopatológico e o estudo imuno-histoquímico não puderam diferenciar entre LHPNL em LBRCT/H. O caso foi conduzido como LBRCT/H devido apresentação clínica avançada, com massa bulky e sintomas B, refletindo o caráter agressivo da doença. O linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) é uma neoplasia maligna rara de células B e, no que diz respeito a transformação para o Linfoma Difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB), um levantamento mostrou que 3-6% dos LHPNL irão se transformar em um LDGCB de caráter agressivo ou podem, ainda, apresentar simultaneamente um LHPNL e um LDGCB4. Isto pode alterar o curso e a escolha do tratamento, já que existem protocolos distintos dependendo do tipo histológico da doença. Deve-se, também, levar em consideração as manifestações clínicas da doença, pois, como no estudo em questão, pode haver dúvida diagnóstica através de exames complementares.
Insomnia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil
Authors: Orsini Marco Antônio , Stephanie Fernandes do Nascimento Jacqueline , Azizi Marco , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo , Castro Renata , Santos Moras Nunes Nicolle , Fernandes do Nascimento Janie Kelly 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 among humans in Brazil and its spread around the world is strongly impacting mental health. Health problems such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and fear were the most related to. High levels of stress during the day can impair quality and time of sleep.
Method: The purpose of this article was to update, through a bibliographic search, the effects of the pandemic on sleep disorders, with insomnia being the most related. A systematic search had been carried out in the main databases: Lilacs, Bireme and PubMed. The languages used in the search were Portuguese and English, from articles published this year. Using the following keywords: Sleep quality, COVID-19, Insomnia, Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Discussion: The concern about financial and political uncertainties, feelings of impotence and fear of self-contamination and of family members are factors that corroborate with the worsening of the sleep quality of the population and health professionals’ working on the front lines of the fight against the pandemic, leading to increased cases of insomnia. Behavioral Cognitive Therapy, hypnotherapy and social interaction mediated by Web conferencing tools are the best ways to treat these symptoms at the moment. Even so, the brazilian literature on the subject is extremely scarce, making it an extremely relevant subject for future research.
Simulation on Incipient Particle Motion in Highly-Inclined Annulus
Authors: Ye Chen , Kelin Wang , Xiaofeng Sun , Jingyu Qu , lihu Cao 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Highly-inclined and horizontal wells have been widely used for the development
of mature oilfield, marine oilfield, and low permeable oilfield. During drilling operations,
cutting particles will accumulate in the low side of wellbore and cuttings bed may be formed,
which may lead to high drag and torque, stuck pipe, and other drilling problems. We reviewed the
patents about cutting bed cleaning tool.

Objective:
The goal of this work is to determine the incipient motion velocity or rate to re-suspend
and remove the cutting particles.

Methods:
In this study, the random distribution function of particles is introduced to determine the
percentage of incipient particle motion, and the mechanical models for rolling and lifting method
considering the net gravity, drag force, lift force, additional mass force, adhesive force and flow
pressure gradient force are developed to predict the incipient motion velocity or rate. Also, the
model has been verified by published experimental data.

Results:
The critical particle size of incipient motion rate is approximately 1 mm. The incipient
motion rate decreases as the height of cuttings bed decreases, and the minimum flow rate that prevents
the bed formation may be estimated when bed height is small enough. Also, increasing wellbore
inclination or fluid density has a positive effect on incipient motion rate, but increasing particle
density or percentage of incipient particle motion has an adverse effect.

Conclusion:
This study may provide a guideline for designing hydraulic parameters and sand
washing in the highly-inclined and horizontal wells, thereby contributingin economic production.
Synthesis of Neural Network Architecture for Recognition of Sea-Going Ship Images
Authors: Konarev D. I. , Gulamov A. A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research. The current task is to monitor ships using video surveillance cameras installed along the canal. It is important for information communication support for navigation of the Moscow Canal. The main subtask is direct recognition of ships in an image or video. Implementation of a neural network is perspectively.Methods. Various neural network are described. images of ships are an input data for the network. The learning sample uses CIFAR-10 dataset. The network is built and trained by using Keras and TensorFlow machine learning libraries.Results. Implementation of curving artificial neural networks for problems of image recognition is described. Advantages of such architecture when working with images are also described. The selection of Python language for neural network implementation is justified. The main used libraries of machine learning, such as TensorFlow and Keras are described. An experiment has been conducted to train swirl neural networks with different architectures based on Google collaboratoty service. The effectiveness of different architectures was evaluated as a percentage of correct pattern recognition in the test sample. Conclusions have been drawn about parameters influence of screwing neural network on showing its effectiveness.Conclusion. The network with a single curl layer in each cascade showed insufficient results, so three-stage curls with two and three curl layers in each cascade were used. Feature map extension has the greatest impact on the accuracy of image recognition. The increase in cascades' number has less noticeable effect and the increase in the number of screwdriver layers in each cascade does not always have an increase in the accuracy of the neural network. During the study, a three-frame network with two buckling layers in each cascade and 128 feature maps is defined as an optimal architecture of neural network under described conditions. operability checking of architecture's part under consideration on random images of ships confirmed the correctness of optimal architecture choosing.
Application of Neural Networks in the Problem of Quantitative Analysis of Air Composition
Authors: Bondar O. G. , Brezhneva E. O. , Chernyshov R. E. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of reseach is to develop a method for generating training data to enable the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) method in gas analyzer systems. The problem of increasing the accuracy of separate determination of gas concentrations in multicomponent mixtures under conditions of environmental parameters changes is considered. It is proposed to increase the accuracy of determining target gas concentrations by using the ANN method for joint processing of sensor signals.Methods: Training data for the neural network were generated using numerical experiments and mathematical simulation methods. To assess the accuracy of training, the standard deviation (SD) was used and the relative error was calculated. ANN training and research were conducted in the MATLAB environment (the Neural Networks Toolbox application). When developing mathematical models of gas sensors, the theory of electrical circuits, electronic theory of chemisorption and the adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis were applied.Results: A method for generating training data sets using mathematical models of gas sensors is described. The proposed training method has been tested on a specific task, in particular, a decision-making device based on ANN for a four-component gas analyzer has been developed. The efficiency of using neural networks for tuning out from the mutual cross-sensitivity of sensors was evaluated.Conclusion: A method for generating training data using simulation models is proposed, which allows automazing the process of training, research, choosing the architecture and structure of ANN and their testing. The method was tested. Based on the analysis of the obtained errors, conclusions are made about the efficiency of using neural networks to reduce errors caused by cross sensitivity at different concentrations of the main and interfering gases.
Implementation Method of the Robot Adaptation to Contact Interaction Mode Changes Using Deep Fully Connected Neural Networks
Authors: Savin S. I. , Vorochaeva L. Yu. , Malchikov A. V. , Salikhzyanov A. M. , Zalyaev E. M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research. The present paper conserns the problem of using reaction predictors in the control system of bipedal walking robots. The main advantage of using predictors is the ability to exclude unknown reaction forces from the dynamics equations and, consequently, from the robot control problem statements based on the model. An additional advantage of predictor setting of control tasks is also discussed in the paper, namely the possibility of its use to predict changes in contact interaction modes, such as slipping motion or foot lifting from the supporting surface.Methods. The following methods are used in the research: the method of dynamics of multi-mass systems is necessary for developing a mathematical model of the behavior of a walking robot and describing its contact interaction with the support surface, the method of neural networks is used to develop a predictor that allows one to forecast the values of reactions between the robot’s foot and the surface.Results. The paper shows that there is a connection between the frequencies of the harmonic components of robot movements (the ratio p of these frequencies in the experiment and the training sample) and the quality of reactions predictor operation of the support surface. This indicates the importance of applying a representative spectrum of walking robot movement frequencies in forming a training sample, and the poor generalizability of the predictor in relation to movement frequency.Conclusion. The paper has considered the use of a reaction predictor to identify the possibility of changing the mode of contact interaction, based on the measurement of discrepancies between local linearizations for various discrete steps. The results obtained in this work will be used in the development of a motion control system for a bipedal walking robot, which allows the device to adapt to the parameters of the support surface on which the movement occurs.