bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure indoor traffic modeling in long‐term evolution femtocell networks using efficient Markov decision process
Authors: Manzoor Iqra , Murawwat Sadia , Majid Gulzar Muhammad , Jameel Ahlam , Saadi Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMobile users spent most of their time in an indoor environment, therefore it is crucial to develop indoor traffic models for next‐generation networks. The significance of this paper is related to the predominant femtocell technology as it is anticipated to be a very crucial part of the modern mobile networks such as 5G and beyond networks. The Femtocell network can satisfy the increased bandwidth demand for video and data traffic with improved network capacity and security. Indoor data traffic exhibits different characteristics that need to be dealt with distinct criteria of the Poisson process and existing classifying techniques. Indoor traffic models, proposed in the literature do not consider long‐range dependent characteristics for traffic modeling. Moreover, these traffic models have the ability to capture large flows only. In this paper, we have provided an efficient quality of service‐based classifier for downlink transmission in long‐term evolution (LTE)‐femtocell network. Our proposed algorithm models the indoor traffic by Poisson Lomax Burst Process. Modeled traffic streams, after prioritization, are classified using Markov Decision Process (MDP) classifier. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of our proposed MDP algorithm with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the literature has also been presented. The network performance parameters have been assessed in terms of throughput, delay, and jitter. Simulation results depict a significant improvement in throughput in contrast with Round Robin (RR), which is approximately 8%, 6%, 6%, and 7% for voice, video, BE, and BG services, respectively, while modified least weighted delay first (MLWDF) gives least performance among them. MDP also provides an improvement in delay and average jitter of four different traffic flows and mixed traffic users when compared with RR and MLWDF algorithms.
A thermochemical reaction and kinetic characteristic study of municipal sludge in the atmosphere of treated flue gas from calcium looping (Ca‐L)
Authors: Cao Songshan , Liu Yuyi , Li Zhi , Duan Feng , Zhang Lihui , Cao Jun , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, an in situ weighting system was used to study the thermal behavior of dried municipal sludge (MS) in the flue gas exiting from calcium‐looping (Ca‐L) process. The results showed that mass loss peak, initial decomposition temperature, and decomposition complete temperature moved to high‐temperature zone with increased heating rate. However, they moved to low‐temperature zone at higher O2 and CO2 concentrations. Apparent activation energy (E) and preexponential factor (A) increased with the increase of heating rate and O2 concentration and decreased with the increase of CO2 concentration. The heating rate has the greatest effect on the thermal decomposition of dried MS. With the heating rate increasing, the maximum mass loss peak occurred from 301 to 493°C, the corresponding E and A increased from 36.14 to 45.69 kJ mol−1 and from 29.58 to 321.4 min, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the number of bonds on bond portfolio exposure to interest rate risk
Authors: Chen Zhang , Sakouba Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relative importance of the impact of the number of bonds on bond portfolio exposure to interest rate risk. An experimental approach that extends the traditional full valuation approach is designed and implemented with latest data from Bloomberg and from the World Government Bonds. We find that the number of bonds in bond portfolio has a slight impact on the exposure of that portfolio to interest rate risk. This indicates that a bond portfolio with higher number of bonds is slightly less exposed to interest rate risk. This also indicates that a bond portfolio with fewer bonds is slightly more exposed to interest rate risk.
Non‐bacterial cystitis with increased expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 in the urothelium: An unusual immune‐related adverse event during treatment with pembrolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ueki Yohei , Matsuki Masahiro , Kubo Terufumi , Morita Rena , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Sato Syunsuke , Horibe Ryota , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Tsukahara Tomohide , Kanaseki Takayuki , Takakuwa Yasunari , Satoh Masaaki , Itoh Naoki , Torigoe Toshihiko 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors are now a standard therapeutic option for lung adenocarcinoma. However, Immune checkpoint inhibitors often induce various immune‐related adverse events.Case presentationThe patient was a 78‐year‐old woman with lung adenocarcinoma who had a partial response to pembrolizumab. During treatment, she complained of pollakiuria and nocturia with painful micturition. Histological analysis revealed infiltration of CD8‐positive and/or TIA‐1 cytotoxic granule‐associated RNA binding protein‐positive lymphocytes and programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in the urothelium. A diagnosis of immune‐related adverse event cystitis was made based on these clinical and pathological findings. The patient’s subjective symptoms and findings on cystoscopy improved dramatically after treatment with prednisolone.ConclusionImmune checkpoint inhibitors‐induced cystitis is extremely rare. This report is the first to include an immunohistochemical analysis of the urothelial epithelium in immune‐related adverse event cystitis and describes an instructive case.
Naturally Occurring Stable Calcium Isotope Ratios in Body Compartments Provide a Novel Biomarker of Bone Mineral Balance in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Shroff Rukshana , Fewtrell Mary , Heuser Alexander , Kolevica Ana , Lalayiannis Alexander , McAlister Louise , Silva Selmy , Goodman Nadine , Schmitt Claus P , Biassoni Lorenzo , Rahn Anja , Fischer Dagmar-Christiane , Eisenhauer Anton 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Serum calcium (Ca), bone biomarkers, and radiological imaging do not allow accurate evaluation of bone mineral balance (BMB), a key determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. We studied naturally occurring stable (non-radioactive) Ca isotopes in different body pools as a potential biomarker of BMB. 42Ca and 44Ca are absorbed from our diet and sequestered into different body compartments following kinetic principles of isotope fractionation; isotopically light 42Ca is preferentially incorporated into bone, whereas heavier 44Ca preferentially remains in blood and is excreted in urine and feces. Their ratio (δ44/42Ca) in serum and urine increases during bone formation and decreases with bone resorption. In 117 healthy participants, we measured Ca isotopes, biomarkers, and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and tibial peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). 44Ca and 42Ca were measured by multi-collector ionization-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry in serum, urine, and feces. The relationship between bone Ca gain and loss was calculated using a compartment model. δ44/42Caserum and δ44/42Caurine were higher in children (n = 66, median age 13 years) compared with adults (n = 51, median age 28 years; p &lt; 0.0001 and p = 0.008, respectively). δ44/42Caserum increased with height in boys (p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.65) and was greatest at Tanner stage 4. δ44/42Caserum correlated positively with biomarkers of bone formation (25-hydroxyvitaminD [p &lt; 0.0001, R2 = 0.37] and alkaline phosphatase [p = 0.009, R2 = 0.18]) and negatively with bone resorption marker parathyroid hormone (PTH; p = 0.03, R2 = 0.13). δ44/42Caserum strongly positively correlated with tibial cortical BMD Z-score (n = 62; p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.39) but not DXA. Independent predictors of tibial cortical BMD Z-score were δ44/42Caserum (p = 0.004, β = 0.37), 25-hydroxyvitaminD (p = 0.04, β = 0.19) and PTH (p = 0.03, β = −0.13), together predicting 76% of variability. In conclusion, naturally occurring Ca isotope ratios in different body compartments may provide a novel, non-invasive method of assessing bone mineralization. Defining an accurate biomarker of BMB could form the basis of future studies investigating Ca dynamics in disease states and the impact of treatments that affect bone homeostasis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Comparison of the specificity of rheumatoid factor detected by latex fixation with that of regulatory rheumatoid factor
Authors: Beduleva Liubov , Sidorov Alexandr , Semenova Kseniya , Menshikov Igor , Fomina Kseniya , Shklyaeva Natalia , Gilmanova Liliya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid factor (RF), originally defined as pathological autoantibodies to IgG that are detected in rheumatoid arthritis, turned out to be multi‐specific antibodies, some of which exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Recently, we identified a RF, the production of which confers resistance to experimental autoimmune diseases and is associated with the remission of autoimmune diseases. To differentiate the RF, we discovered from the one associated with rheumatic disease onset or progression and to reflect its immunoregulatory properties, we named it regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). Immunization with conformers of Fc fragments that expose regRF neoepitopes reduces collagen‐induced arthritis in rats. Certain information about the specificity of classical RF and regRF indicates that these populations may be one and the same. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between the classical RF and regRF.MethodsClassical RF was measured in diseased blood by the latex fixation method, and regRF was detected by the agglutination of human IgG‐loaded tanned erythrocytes. Competitive analysis was used to determine the specificity of rheumatoid factors.ResultsIt was found that regRF and pathology‐associated RF constitute different antibody populations. Pathology‐associated RF is specific for lyophilized IgG. RegRF does not interact with IgG. RegRF is specific to conformers of IgG Fc fragments that have a reduced hinge. In latex‐positive rheumatoid arthritis sera, regRF may be present in addition to pathology‐associated RF. The latex fixation method detects both rheumatoid factor populations.ConclusionRegRF and classical pathology‐associated RF have different specificity.
Trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and tobacco use: Does church attendance buffer negative effects?
Authors: Mathew Amanda R. , Yang Eric , Avery Elizabeth F. , Crane Melissa M. , Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Lynch Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are overrepresented in urban African American communities, and associated with health risk behaviors such as tobacco use. Support and resources provided by churches may reduce trauma‐related health risks. In the current study, we assessed weekly church attendance as a moderator of relations between (a) traumatic event exposure and probable PTSD, and (b) probable PTSD and tobacco use. Data were drawn from a health surveillance study conducted in seven churches located in Chicago's West Side. Participants (N = 1015) were adults from churches as well as the surrounding community. Trauma exposure was reported by 62% of participants, with 25% of those who experienced trauma reporting probable PTSD. Overall, more than one‐third of participants (37.2%) reported current tobacco use. As compared with non‐weekly church attendance, weekly church attendance was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.62; p < .0001) and lower tobacco use overall (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.16–0.30; p < .0001), but did not moderate the effect of trauma exposure on risk of PTSD, or the effect of PTSD on tobacco use. Findings support church attendance as a potential buffer of trauma‐related stress.
L‐proline/urea catalyzed, novel, and eco‐friendly synthesis of coumarin substituted‐3‐indoloxanthenes
Authors: Vallam Reddy Hari Krishna Reddy , Anna Venkateswara Rao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA green and eco‐friendly synthesis of coumarin substituted‐3‐indoloxanthenes 4(a‐l) has been developed using urea/L‐proline as simple catalyst. Two efficient methods have been described for the synthesis of these 3‐indoloxanthene derivatives. In the first method, Knoevenagel condensation, then Pinner cyclisation followed by 1,4 addition between 4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydrocoumarin‐3‐carbaldehyde 1(a‐b), with cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (2) and indole 3(a‐f) using of L‐proline as catalyst was described. In the second method, urea/thiourea catalyzes the same reaction at 100°C for 10 minutes to afford the title compounds 4(a‐l). These two protocols involve eco‐friendly and inexpensive catalysts, give excellent yields of the clean products without the need of column chromatography for their isolation or purification.
Regioselective bromination of 6‐hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Wang Ke , Pan Xuan , Peng Kun , Liu Zhan Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegioselective bromination of 6‐hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines using molecular bromine was disclosed. Treatment of 6‐hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines with molecular bromine under different temperatures afforded 5‐bromo‐6‐hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines as sole products in high isolated yield with excellent regioselectivity.
The Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs in Engaging Leadership
Authors: van Tuin Lars , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , van Rhenen Willem 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the current study was to test engaging leadership, which is a recently developed leadership concept based on basic psychological needs theory. Drawing on self‐determination theory, the current study hypothesized that basic psychological needs mediate the relationship between engaging leadership and both positive and negative outcomes. An association between need satisfaction and positive results and an association between need frustration and adverse outcomes were expected. The survey data, collected from three comparable groups from two multinational, technical engineering organizations (N = 304), were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Autonomy satisfaction was found to play a pivotal role in the leadership model and was associated with increased positive outcomes, such as work engagement and autonomous motivation, and decreased unfavorable motivational consequences, such as controlled motivation and amotivation. The highlighted role of autonomy satisfaction informs leaders to focus on the positive aspects of leadership and need fulfillment rather than aiming to diminish frustration. Additionally, the current study adds to the growing body of knowledge on effective leadership approaches in a fast‐changing complex business world and on the benefits of autonomy‐supportive work environments.
Future projections of winter cold surge paths over East Asia from CMIP6 models
Authors: Yang Xiaoye , Zeng Gang , Zhang Guwei , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Xu Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies using observed data suggested a decreasing trend in the frequency of cold surge (CS) over East Asia (EA) under global warming. However, the future change of CSs in different paths is relatively understudied. In this study, after evaluating the classification of CSs paths and the trend of CSs in different paths in historical simulation, the changes of CS paths in EA in future warming scenario have been investigated using the latest 21 models from the phase six of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP245) scenario. First of all, the observed paths of winter CS in EA from 1979 to 2013 are tracked by the Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) model using ERA‐Interim daily reanalysis datasets, and the CS paths are divided into the northwestern path, northern path, and western path by hierarchical clustering algorithm. Random forest algorithm is introduced to match the future CSs according to the observed classification results. The projected results indicate that the frequency of total CSs will decrease significantly in the 21st century with a trend of −0.47 times/10a. Compared with the late 20th century, the total CSs, the CSs in the northwestern path and the western path decrease by 49, 61, and 60%, respectively, in the late 21st century, while the CSs in northern path do not show a significant trend. The substantial decrease of the northwestern path CSs and the western path CSs make the proportion of northern path CSs in total CSs rise from 19.5% in the late 20th century to 37.3% in the late 21st century. It means the strong CSs are still frequent in the future, probably due to the stability of the northern path CSs.
Accuracy of dental calculus detection using digital radiography and image manipulation
Authors: Hyer Jenna C. , Deas David E. , Palaiologou A. Archontia , Noujeim Marcel E. , Mader Michael J. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if image enhancement improves a clinician's ability to identify the presence of calculus on digital radiographs.MethodsSeventy‐one hopeless teeth were collected from 34 patients. Teeth were stained with 1% methylene blue, the largest interproximal calculus deposit was scored, and photographs of each interproximal root surface were taken. The surface area of calculus deposit was determined as a percentage of the total interproximal root surface area. Digital radiographs of teeth taken before extraction were modified using the following enhancements: auto‐contrast, emboss, invert, and sharpen. Radiographic presence of calculus was determined by two examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each examiner and enhancement. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare differences between the image enhancements in the detection of dental calculus. The kappa statistic was used to compare ratings between examiners.ResultsNone of the enhanced images were statistically superior to original images in identifying radiographic calculus (P > 0.05). The average sensitivity of digital radiography was 50%, average specificity was 82.2%, PPV was 94%, and NPV 23.2%. A threshold of >30% of interproximal root surface covered with calculus and increasing size of deposits were associated with improved detection (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDigital enhancements do not significantly improve radiographic detection of dental calculus. As area of calculus on the root surface and size of calculus deposits increased, sensitivity of detection also increased.
Localized spin‐flip excitations in hexagonal HoMnO3
Authors: Nam Ji‐Yeon , Kim Seung , Nguyen Hien Thi Minh , Chen Xiang‐Bai , Choi Mahn‐Soo , Lee Daesu , Noh T.W. , Yang In‐Sang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrowing demands for ultra‐fast switching of spins have turned attention to optically controlled spintronics, which indeed has recently been demonstrated promising. Here we report localized spin‐flip excitations revealed by resonance inelastic light scattering on hexagonal holmium manganite thin films with the magnetic manganese ions substituted by the nonmagnetic gallium ions (HoMn1 − xGaxO3). Our analyses on a broad Raman peak support that the corresponding spin excitation is associated with flipping of all three Mn3+ spins in the elementary trimer of manganese ions and hence maintains the same excitation energy determined by the intrinsic spin–spin interaction between Mn3+ ions. The nonmagnetic gallium ions only reduce the population of the spin excitations by breaking the spin‐frustrated triangular network. Such localized spin‐flip excitations show another promise towards optically controlled spin devices.
Levels of PAHs, PCBs, and toxic metals in Ruditapes philippinarum and Donax trunculus in Marmara Sea, Turkey
Authors: Künili İbrahim E , Çolakoğlu Serhat , Çolakoğlu Fatma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the wedge clam Donax trunculus are economic bivalve species which constitute an important part of the natural bivalve beds in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Toxic chemicals such as, dioxins, dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxic metals are recognized as important health risk factors that threaten public health via food or directly in the environment. In the present study, we aimed to determine and monitor levels of these toxic chemicals in both clam species, R. philippinarum and D. trunculus, between 2013 and 2017.RESULTSAccording to the results, maximum levels of dioxins, PAHs, and toxic metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) during the period were determined as 0.18 pg g−1, 2.43 mg kg−1, and 0.44–0.53‐0.1 mg kg−1, respectively. The level of contaminants in both clam species were determined to be below the threshold or tolerable daily intake values established by the European Commission, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Seasonal fluctuations were observed to be similar in both species and also in seasons, but elevated levels of PCBs and PAHs were detected in warmer months during the period.CONCLUSIONAs a consequence, toxic chemicals in both clam species were found at low concentrations in this study from the point of view of public health concerns; however, the contaminants should be closely monitored in the future due to their elevated levels in samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of fermentation temperature and yeast type on the chemical and sensory profile of handcrafted beers
Authors: Lasanta Cristina , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique , Díaz Ana Belén , Castro Remedios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarious physicochemical parameters, the polyphenolic content, the volatile fraction as well as the sensory profile of beers were studied using five different yeast strains (three top‐fermentation and two bottom‐fermentation) and two different fermentation temperatures (12 and 18 °C) for each of them.RESULTSThe results indicated that at lower fermentation temperatures, the yeast strain factor was less significant for the various physicochemical parameters considered. The polyphenolic content increased as the fermentation temperature decreased, and significantly higher amounts of tyrosol were found in the samples fermented at 12 °C. However, the volatile content increased for beers fermented at 18 °C, these beers being better evaluated from the sensory point of view.CONCLUSIONSNo clear relationship was observed between the temperature used and the type of yeast, with more complex aroma and sensory profiles being found in beers fermented at higher temperatures, using yeasts that are supposedly suitable for use at lower temperatures. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry