bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and zircon ages of the late Tonian: early Cryogenian arc-related Big Naryn Complex in the Eastern Djetim-Too Range, Middle Tianshan block, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Terbishalieva Baiansuluu , Timmerman Martin Jan , Mikolaichuk Alexander , Altenberger Uwe , Sláma Jiří , Schleicher Anja Maria , Sudo Masafumi , Sobel Edward R. , Cichy Sarah B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Big Naryn Complex (BNC) in the East Djetim-Too Range of the Kyrgyz Middle Tianshan block is a tectonized, at least 2 km thick sequence of predominantly felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks intruded by porphyric rhyolite sills. It overlies a basement of metamorphic rocks and is overlain by late Neoproterozoic Djetim-Too Formation sediments; these also occur as tectonic intercalations in the BNC. The up to ca. 1100 m thick Lower Member is composed of predominantly rhyolites-to-dacites and minor basalts, while the at least 900 m thick pyroclastic Upper Member is dominated by rhyolitic-to-dacitic ignimbrites. Porphyric rhyolite sills are concentrated at the top of the Lower Member. A Lower Member rhyolite and a sill sample have LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon crystallization ages of 726.1 ± 2.2 Ma and 720.3 ± 6.5 Ma, respectively, showing that most of the magmatism occurred within a short time span in the late Tonian–early Cryogenian. Inherited zircons in the sill sample have Neoarchean (2.63, 2.64 Ga), Paleo- (2.33–1.81 Ga), Meso- (1.55 Ga), and Neoproterozoic (ca. 815 Ma) ages, and were derived from a heterogeneous Kuilyu Complex basement. A 1751 ± 7 Ma40Ar/39Ar age for amphibole from metagabbro is the age of cooling subsequent to Paleoproterozoic metamorphism of the Kuilyu Complex. The large amount of pyroclastic rocks, and their major and trace element compositions, the presence of Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic inherited zircons and a depositional basement of metamorphic rocks point to formation of the BNC in a continental magmatic arc setting.
Validation of a surgical invasiveness index in patients with lumbar spinal disorders registered in the Spine Tango registry
Authors: Holzer Erik M. , Aghayev Emin , O’Riordan Dave , Fekete Tamas F. , Jeszenszky Dezső J. , Haschtmann Daniel , Porchet Francois , Kleinstueck Frank S. , Pigott Tim , Munting Everard , Luca Andrea , Mannion Anne F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Being able to quantify the invasiveness of a surgical procedure is important to weigh up its associated risks, since invasiveness governs the blood loss, operative time and likelihood of complications. Mirza et al. (Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33:2651–2661, 2008) published an invasiveness index for spinal surgery. We evaluated the validity of a modified version of the Mirza invasiveness index (mMII), adapted for use with registry data.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed with data acquired from the Spine Tango registry including 21,634 patients. The mMII was calculated as the sum of six possible interventions on each vertebral level: decompression, fusion and stabilization either on anterior or posterior structures. The association between the mMII and blood loss, operative time and complications was evaluated using multiple regression, adjusting for possible confounders.

Results
The mean (± SD) mMII was 3.9 ± 5.0 (range 0–40). A 1-point increase in the mMII was associated with an additional blood loss of 12.8% (95% CI 12.6–13.0; p < 0.001) and an increase of operative time of 10.4 min (95% CI 10.20–10.53; p < 0.001). The R2 for the blood loss model was of 43% and for operative time, 47%. The mean mMII was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in patients with surgical complications (4.5 ± 5.6) and general medical complications (6.5 ± 7.0) compared to those without (3.8 ± 4.9). Our results were comparable to those reported in the original publication of Mirza et al.

Conclusion
The mMII appeared to be a valid measure of surgical invasiveness in our study population. It can be used in predictor models and to adjust for surgical case-mix when comparing outcomes in different studies or different hospitals/surgeons in a registry.
Feasibility of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of the human kidney
Authors: Bechler Eric , Stabinska Julia , Thiel Thomas , Jasse Jonas , Zukovs Romans , Valentin Birte , Wittsack Hans-Jörg , Ljimani Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of in-vivo quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of the human kidney.

Methods
An axial single-breath-hold 3D multi-echo sequence (acquisition time 33 s) was completed on a 3 T-MRI-scanner (Magnetom Prisma, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) in 19 healthy volunteers. Graph-cut-based unwrapping combined with the T2*-IDEAL approach was performed to remove the chemical shift of fat and to quantify QSM of the upper abdomen. Mean susceptibility values of the entire, renal cortex and medulla in both kidneys and the liver were determined and compared. Five subjects were measured twice to examine the reproducibility. One patient with severe renal fibrosis was included in the study to evaluate the potential clinical relevance of QSM.

Results
QSM was successful in 17 volunteers and the patient with renal fibrosis. Anatomical structures in the abdomen were clearly distinguishable by QSM and the susceptibility values obtained in the liver were comparable to those found in the literature. The results showed a good reproducibility. Besides, the mean renal QSM values obtained in healthy volunteers (0.04 ± 0.07 ppm for the right and − 0.06 ± 0.19 ppm for the left kidney) were substantially higher than that measured in the investigated fibrotic kidney (− 0.43 ± − 0.02 ppm).

Conclusion
QSM of the human kidney could be a promising approach for the assessment of information about microscopic renal tissue structure. Therefore, it might further improve functional renal MR imaging.
Geochemical focusing and sequestration of manganese during eutrophication of Lake Stechlin (NE Germany)
Authors: Scholtysik Grzegorz , Dellwig Olaf , Roeser Patricia , Arz Helge Wolfgang , Casper Peter , Herzog Christiane , Goldhammer Tobias , Hupfer Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSignificant sedimentation of manganese (Mn) in form of manganese oxides (MnOx) and the subsequent formation of authigenic calcium-rich rhodochrosite (Mn(Ca)CO3) were observed in the seasonally stratified hard water Lake Stechlin in north-eastern Germany. This manganese enrichment was assumed to be associated with recent eutrophication of the formerly oligotrophic lake. The mechanisms and processes involved were examined by analysing: (i) short sediment cores obtained from seven locations along a depth transect ranging from 69.5 m (the deepest point) to 38 m; (ii) sediment traps located at 20 m and 60 m water depths; (iii) water column profiles; and (iv) porewater profiles at 69.5 m and 58 m depths. Sedimentary Mn enrichment was observed at water depths below 56 m and increased to more than 25 wt% at the deepest site. Between 2010 and 2017, Mn accumulation at the deepest site was 815 g Mn m−2. Transfer of Mn from the shallower towards the deepest parts of the lake was initiated by reductive dissolution of MnOx and diffusion of dissolved Mn from the sediment to the overlying water column. Manganese was then dissipated via turbulent mixing and subsequently oxidised to MnOx before being transported towards the deepest zone. Transformation of the redeposited MnOx to Mn(Ca)CO3 favoured the final burial of Mn. We show that eutrophication and the areal spreading of anoxic conditions may intensify diagenetic processes and cause the spatial redistribution of Mn as well as its effective burial. Contrary to many previous findings, we show that increases of Mn and Mn/Fe can also be used as indicators for increasing anoxic conditions in previously oligotrophic lakes.
Maternal and paternal carriage of the annexin A5 M2 haplotype: a possible risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF)
Authors: Rogenhofer Nina , Markoff Arseni , Ennerst Xenia , Bogdanova Nadja , Thaler Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study was carried out to determine the potential role of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype as a risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Carriage of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype that induces prothrombotic changes has been implicated in failure of early pregnancies and placenta-mediated complications (preeclampsia, IUGR, preterm birth).

Material and methods
In the present case control study, 63 couples (females and males) with RIF presenting for IVF/ICSI to the Fertility Center of [masked] were analyzed. RIF was defined as ≥ 4 consecutive failed ART-transfers of ≥ 4 blastocysts or ≥ 8 cleavage-stage embryos of optimal quality and maternal age ≤ 41. Fertile female controls (n = 90) were recruited from the same center. Population controls (n = 533) were drafted from the PopGen biobank, UKSH Kiel.

Results
Couples carrying the M2/ANXA5 haplotype turned out to have a significantly increased relative risk (RR) for RIF. Compared with female fertile controls, RR was 1.81 with p = 0.037 (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0–4.3) and RR was 1.70, with p = 0.004 (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.2–3.1) compared with population controls (15.4% M2 carriers). Male partners were comparable with RIF females for M2/ANXA5 haplotypes (28.6% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.54). RIF females compared with population controls had a RR of 1.55 (p = 0.09) and RIF males compared with population controls had a RR of 1.9 (p = 0.01). Couples with ≥ 7 failed transfers showed a RR of 1.82 (p = 0.02) compared with population controls.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that maternal as well as paternal M2/ANXA5 haplotype carriages are risk factors for RIF. These results allow new insights into the pathogenesis of RIF and might help to identify relevant risk groups.
Implications of the principle of effective stress
Authors: Gudehus Gerd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile Terzaghi justified his principle of effective stress for water-saturated soil empirically, it can be derived by means of the neutrality of the mineral with respect to changes of the pore water pressure $$p_w$$

p
w

. This principle works also with dilating shear bands arising beyond critical points of saturated grain fabrics, and with patterns of shear bands as relics of critical phenomena. The shear strength of over-consolidated clay is explained without effective cohesion, which results also from swelling up to decay, while rapid shearing of water-saturated clay can lead to a cavitation of pore water. The $$p_w$$

p
w

-neutrality is also confirmed by triaxial tests with sandstone samples, while Biot’s relation with a reduction factor for $$p_w$$

p
w

is contestable. An effective stress tensor is heuristically legitimate also for soil and rock with relics of critical phenomena, particularly for critical points with a Mohr–Coulomb condition. Therein, the $$p_w$$

p
w

-neutrality of the solid mineral determines the interaction of solid fabric and pore water, but numerical models are questionable due to fractal features.
Long Non-coding RNAs as Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wolska Marta , Jarosz-Popek Joanna , Junger Eva , Wicik Zofia , Porshoor Tahmina , Sharif Lucia , Czajka Pamela , Postula Marek , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Czlonkowska Anna , Eyileten Ceren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, ischemic stroke (IS) has been one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. The general mechanism of IS is based on reduced blood supply to neuronal tissue, resulting in neuronal cell damage by various pathological reactions. One of the main techniques for acute IS treatment entails advanced surgical approaches for restoration of cerebral blood supply but this is often associated with secondary brain injury, also known as ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Many researches have come to emphasize the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in IS, especially in I/R injury and their potential as therapeutic approaches. LncRNAs are non-protein transcripts that are able to regulate cellular processes and gene expression. Further, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in neuronal signaling pathways. Several lncRNAs are recognized as key factors in the physiological and pathological processes of IS. In this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in neuronal injury mechanisms and their association with brain neuroprotection. Moreover, we identify the lncRNAs that show the greatest potential as novel therapeutic approaches in IS, which therefore merit further investigation in preclinical research.
CARE: Context-awareness for elderly care
Authors: Klakegg Simon , Opoku Asare Kennedy , van Berkel Niels , Visuri Aku , Ferreira Eija , Hosio Simo , Goncalves Jorge , Huttunen Hanna-Leena , Ferreira Denzil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present CARE, a context-aware tool for nurses in nursing homes. The system utilises a sensors infrastructure to quantify the behaviour and wellbeing (e.g.,activity, mood, social and nurse interactions) of elderly residents. The sensor data is offloaded, processed and analysed in the cloud, to generate daily and long-term summaries of residents’ health. These insights are then presented to nurses via an Android tablet application. We aim to create a tool that can assist nurses and increase their awareness to residents’ needs. We deployed CARE in a local nursing home for two months and evaluated the system through apost-hocexploratory analysis and interviews with the nurses. The results indicate that CARE can reveal essential insights on the wellbeing of elderly residents and improve the care service. In the discussion, we reflect on our understanding and potential impact of future integrated technology in elderly care environments.
Investigation of the sooting propensity of aviation fuel mixtures
Authors: Richter S. , Kathrotia T. , Naumann C. , Scheuermann S. , Riedel U. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAromatic compounds occurring naturally in jet fuels are precursors for the formation of soot in the exhaust gas of jet engines. Directly emitted in cruising altitude, soot particles lead to the formation of contrails and clouds influencing the radiation balance of the atmosphere. Hence, a detailed knowledge on the effect of aromatics on the sooting behavior is of great importance, especially for the development of alternative synthetic jet fuels. Investigations on the sooting propensity influenced by the molecular structure and concentration of diverse aromatic compounds contained in synthetic and fossil aviation fuels as well as blends of synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) with aromatic compounds (SKA) were carried out experimentally. Using a predefined SPK fuel, five different blends—each containing a single aromatic compound—were prepared in addition to one blend with a typical composition consisting of all these aromatic compounds. In subsequent measurements, the concentration of the aromatics was increased from initially 8.0 vol%, to about 16.5, and 25.0 vol%. The aromatics added were toluene,n­-propylbenzene, indane, 1­methylnaphthalene, and biphenyl. The studied jet fuels include fossil-based Jet A-1 as well as different synthetic jet fuels (with and without aromatics). Furthermore, the experimental results of the sooting propensity are compared with the results of the hydrogen deficiency model being a measure for the amount of cyclic and unsaturated molecular structures occurring in a hydrocarbon fuel. This study shows the hydrogen deficiency as a useful tool to make predictions about the sooting behavior of different fuels compared to a reference fuel at a specified condition. Additionally, it is observed from the measured sooting propensities as well as from the model predictions of hydrogen deficiency that the structure of aromatic compounds presents greater influence on the soot formation than the aromatic concentration.
The Role of Self-Criticism and Shame in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviour Symptoms
Authors: Houazene S. , Aardema F. , Leclerc J. B. , O'Connor K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBody-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), such as hair-pulling, skin-picking, and nail-biting, are non-functional habits associated with difficulties in emotion regulation. Although several models have been developed to explain the difficulties experienced by people suffering from BFRBs, a number of cognitive and emotional processes have yet to be explored. This study sought to investigate the psychological characteristics involved in the development and maintenance of BFRB symptoms. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of self-criticism, shame, and maladaptive cognitive emotion strategies with symptoms and examine if the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms was mediated by self-criticism and shame. Seventy-six participants from a community sample completed a number of self-report measures. Findings from our multivariate linear regression model supported that shame and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly predicted BFRB symptoms. Results of our mediational analyses revealed that shame significantly mediated the relationship between perfectionism and BFRB symptoms. Interventions that target shame may be beneficial for treating these conditions. Future studies should replicate these findings with clinical populations and other BFRB subtypes.
Motivated reasoning and policy information: politicians are more resistant to debiasing interventions than the general public
Authors: CHRISTENSEN JULIAN , MOYNIHAN DONALD P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA growing body of evidence shows that politicians use motivated reasoning to fit evidence with prior beliefs. In this, they are not unlike other people. We use survey experiments to reaffirm prior work showing that politicians, like the public they represent, engage in motivated reasoning. However, we also show that politicians are more resistant to debiasing interventions than others. When required to justify their evaluations, politicians rely more on prior political attitudes and less on policy information, increasing the probability of erroneous decisions. The results raise the troubling implication that the specialized role of elected officials makes them more immune to the correction of biases, and in this way less representative of the voters they serve when they process policy information.
An investigation of the possibility of non-Laurentide ice stream contributions to Heinrich event 3
Authors: Velay-Vitow Jesse , Peltier W. Richard , Stuhne Gordan R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ocean floor sedimentological signature of Heinrich event 3 (H3) is markedly different from that of other Heinrich events that are known to have originated in Hudson Strait. It has therefore been suggested that the H3 contribution to iceberg flux may have been delivered by ice streams located in the eastern sector of the North Atlantic, from the Fennoscandian or British Isles ice sheets. To investigate this possibility and whether the instability involved may have been tidally induced, as seems to have been the case for H1, we consider several eastern Atlantic sector possibilities: a hypothetical Barents Sea ice stream, the Norwegian ice stream, and the Irish Sea ice stream. We find that the extremely high amplitude of the M2 tidal constituent in the western North Atlantic that appears to have forced H1 did not exist in the northeastern Atlantic. This suggests that, with one possible exception, if destabilized ice streams in this region did contribute to H3, tidal forcing was most probably not the cause. The single exception to this general conclusion may be the Irish Sea ice stream, and we comment on the probability of a contribution to H3 from this source.
More Accurate, But No Less Polarized: Comparing the Factual Beliefs of Government Officials and the Public
Authors: Lee Nathan , Nyhan Brendan , Reifler Jason , Flynn D. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies of the American public demonstrate that partisans often diverge not only on questions of opinion but also on matters of fact. However, little is known about partisan divergence in factual beliefs among the government officials who make real policy decisions, or how it compares to belief polarization among the public. This letter describes the first systematic comparison of factual belief polarization between the public and government officials, which we conducted using a paired survey approach. The results indicate that political elites are consistently more accurately informed than the public across a wide range of politically contentious facts. However, this increase in accuracy does not translate into reduced factual belief polarization. These findings demonstrate that a more informed political elite does not necessarily mitigate partisan factual disagreement in policy making.
Temporal variation in the recruitment of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) in Todos os Santos Bay, tropical Brazilian coast
Authors: Chagas C. , Barros F. , Cavalcanti F. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecruitment is related to the occupation of the substrate by fouling organisms. It plays an important role in the maintenance and distribution of benthic populations, being under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors. In the present work, the recruitment of calcareous sponges was monitored over two years in a marina at Todos os Santos Bay, a large bay in the tropical portion of the Brazilian coast. Artificial plates were immersed, being replaced bimonthly and the potential influence of the seawater temperature, photoperiod and precipitation on the number of sponge recruits was tested. The results showed that the number of calcareous sponge recruits had significant temporal variation. Nevertheless, different species showed different patterns over time. Significant differences were observed forSycon avus,Syconsp. andLeucandra serrata, and the periods with the highest number of recruits were different amongst them.Sycon bellum,Paraleucilla incomposita,Leucillasp. andHeteropia glomerosadid not show significant variation in the number of recruits over time. None of the three tested environmental factors were correlated with the number of recruits, but results indicatedS. avusrecruitment might be driven by seawater temperature. Our results contribute to improve the current knowledge on the dynamics of each species found on the plates and reinforce the general view that the pattern of recruitment varies greatly in Calcarea, even amongst sympatric species.
Individual crop size increases predispersal predation by beetles in a tropical palm
Authors: Bruno Morgana Maria Arcanjo , Massi Klécia Gili , Christianini Alexander V. , Hay John du Vall 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPredispersal seed predation is one of the main causes of seed mortality in plant populations, contributing to decreased plant recruitment. Seed loss has previously been found to be related to crop size. Thus, we examined the influence of individual crop size on predispersal seed predation by beetles in the palm Syagrus flexuosa in the Brazilian savanna. The study was carried out in three tropical woodland savanna sites, where we sampled the total seed crop of 46 fruiting palms and checked the presence of beetle larvae inside all seeds per plant. We observed predispersal seed predation of S. flexuosa from all sites and a high variation in the number of seeds preyed on per individual palm. Crop size had a positive influence on the number of seeds lost to predispersal seed predators. Variations in levels of predispersal seed predation may also be accounted for by the reproductive phenology of S. flexuosa. If fruits are not available at the same time, less resource is available for predators and therefore a high proportion of seeds may be preyed on. Thus, our study demonstrates that an individual plant trait, crop size, is an important predictor of beetle seed damage per palm and a driver of the number of seeds lost to predispersal seed predators.