bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging study of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in normal adults
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yuan Feng , Yin Yong , Fan Jian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: As an important anatomical basis, coronal structural position matching of the distal radius has long been lacking in terms of a quantitative understanding, and such matching is correlated with the postoperative functional recovery of patients with distal radius fracture. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population and to improve the detailed anatomical knowledge of the distal radius.Methods: The reconstructed 3D data were analysed using 3-matic research software from thin-film CT images of 80 normal adults, and the coronal structural matching of the distal radius was studied from two aspects: 1) self-matching of the distal radius; and 2) matching between the distal radius and ulna (i.e., the joint space of the distal radioulnar joint). Specific research methods: 1) The relative position of the medial wall of the distal radius with respect to the lunate was determined as the percentage (%) of the vertical distance from the medial wall of the radius to the most prominent ulnar point of the lunate in the corresponding plane from the ulna to the radius. 2) A total of 9 sets of data were collected for evaluating the palmar lateral spacing, median spacing, and dorsal lateral spacing at the distal, middle, and proximal levels of the radius.Results: In the study, 9 sets of data were obtained. And the data of self-matching of the coronal structural of distal radius was also obtained, was 45.0%±16.2%. The P values in the above data were all greater than 0.05, showing no statistical significance. Finally, data of coronal bone structural matching of distal radius in 80 normal adults were obtained. Conclusions: Our study refines the anatomical data of the degree of coronal bone structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population. To explore the relationship between coronal alignment and function in cases of distal radius fracture, a standardized approach was established. Thin- film CT may help diagnose patients with dysplasia around the lunate and radioulnar joint that is difficult to diagnose on MRI.
Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China
Authors: Gao Jun-min , Fu Ping-ting , Chen Xiao-ling , Guo Jin-song , Hou Xian-yu , Zeng Jie , Chen Zhu-man 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the largest freshwater reservoir in China. Previous studies showed that organotin pollution is present in the TGR. In June 2011, the AFS Convention went into effect in China. In order to explore the pollution evolution processes of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) before and after implementation of the AFS Convention and their variations with water level fluctuations in the TGR, the characteristic parameters of the TGR and the physicochemical parameters of TBT and TPhT were used to develop a level IV multimedia fugacity model considering water level fluctuations to simulate the fate, transfer, and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR. Based on the simulation results, exposure concentrations of TBT and TPhT were then used to assess the ecological and health risks in the TGR region (TGRR). Results: The simulation results showed that the average concentrations of both TBT and TPhT decreased in all compartments except the sediment, whereas the total content of the system continued to increase after the AFS Convention was implemented. The concentration of TBT in the sediment was higher than that in fish, while the concentration of TPhT in fish was much greater than that in the sediment. The total contents of both TBT and TPhT were highest in the sediment phase. In addition, variations in water level of the TGR significantly affected the distribution and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR.Conclusions: Sediment is an important source and sink of TBT and TPhT, and the water level regulation of the TGR strengthened the two roles of sediment. Both TBT and TPhT in surface water, but especially TBT, carried significant chronic exposure risks to the aquatic community of the TGR. Intake of TPhT, mainly through eating fish, posed a potential health risk to the population in the TGRR.
Enhanced soil aggregate stability limits colloidal phosphorus loss potentials in agricultural systems
Authors: Li Fayong , LIANG XINQIANG , Li Hua , Jin Yingbin , Jin Junwei , He Miaomiao , Klumpp Erwin , Bol Roland 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Colloid-facilitated phosphorus (P) transport is recognized as an important pathway for the loss of soil P in agricultural systems; however, information regarding soil aggregate-associated colloidal P (Pcoll) is lacking. To elucidate the effects of aggregate size on the potential loss of Pcoll in agricultural systems, soils (0–20 cm depth) from six land-use types were sampled in the Zhejiang province in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The aggregate size fractions (2–8 mm, 0.26–2 mm, 0.053–0.26 mm and <0.053 mm) were separated using the wet sieving method. Colloidal P and other soil parameters in aggregates were analyzed.
Results: Our study demonstrated that 0.26–2 mm small macroaggregates had the highest total P (TP) content. In acidic soils, the highest Pcoll content was observed in the 0.26–2 mm sized aggregate, while the lowest was reported in the <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles, the opposite of that revealed in alkaline and neutral soils. Paddy soils contained less Pcoll than other land-use types. The proportion of Pcoll in total dissolved P (TDP) was dominated by <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles. Aggregate size strongly influenced the loss potential of Pcoll in paddy soils, where Pcoll contributed up to 83% TDP in the silt+clay sized particles. The Pcoll content was positively correlated with TP, Al, Fe, and the mean weight diameter. Aggregate-associated total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), C/P, and C/N had significant negative effects on the contribution of Pcoll to potential soil P loss. The Pcoll content of the aggregates was controlled by the aggregate-associated TP and Al content, as well as the soil pH value. The potential loss of Pcoll from aggregates was controlled by its organic matter content.
Conclusion: We concluded that management practices that increase soil aggregate stability or its organic carbon content will limit Pcoll loss in agricultural systems.
Impact of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care initiated immediately after birth (iKMC) on survival of newborns with birth weight between 1.0 to &lt;1.8 kg: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Group WHO Immediate KMC Study , Bahl Rajiv 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally about 15% of newborns are born with a low birth weight (LBW), as a result of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction or both. Up to 70% of neonatal deaths occur in this group within the first three days after birth. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) applied after stabilization of the infant, has shown to reduce mortality by 40% among hospitalized infants with birth weight <2.0 kg. In these studies, infants were randomized and KMC initiated after about three days of age, by when the majority of neonatal deaths would have already occurred. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous KMC initiated as soon as possible after birth compared to the current recommendation of initiating continuous KMC after stabilization in neonates with birth weight between 1.0 and <1.8 kg. Methods: This randomized controlled trial is being conducted in tertiary care hospitals in five low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. All pregnant women admitted in these hospitals for childbirth are being pre-screened. After delivery, all neonates with birth weight between 1.0 and <1.8 kg are being screened for enrolment. Eligible infants are randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention consists of continuous skin-to-skin contact initiated as soon as possible after birth, promotion and support for early exclusive breastfeeding, and provision of health care for mother and baby with as little separation as possible. This efficacy trial will primarily evaluate the impact of KMC started immediately after birth on neonatal death (between enrolment and 72 hours of age, and deaths between enrolment and 28 days of age), and other key outcomes. Discussion : This is the first large multi-country trial studying immediate KMC in low- and middle-income countries. Implementation of this intervention has already resulted in an important enhancement of the paradigm shift in LMIC settings in which mothers are not separated from their baby in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The findings of this trial will not only have future global implications on how the LBW newborns are cared for immediately after birth, but also for the dissemination of designing NICUs according to the “Mother-Newborn Intensive Care Unit (M-NICU) model.” Trial registration : Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI)- CTRI/2018/08/01536 (retrospectively registered); Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12618001880235 (retrospectively registered). https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001880235.aspx Funding: The study is funded by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to the World Health Organization (Grant agreement OPP1151718) Keywords : Immediate Kangaroo Mother Care (iKMC), low birth weight babies, mortality, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, mother-neonatal intensive care unit (M-NICU)
Downhill running increases bone mass accumulation and bone tissue morphology through TGF- β /Smad pathway in mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Sun Peng , Chen Aiguo , Peng Haixia , Zhang Xianliang , Yang Kang , Yu Huilin , Zhao Renqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Compelling evidence has demonstrated that impact exercise can help to accumulate more bone mass. However, the cellular mechanism is less clear. The current study aimed to examine the effects of downhill running on osteoblast formation and the ability of mineralization in mice. The expression of transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)/Smad pathway molecules was also determined. Methods: Twenty-eight 4-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned to either downhill running group (DG) or control group (CG). DG mice received a daily forty-minute downhill training on a decline treadmill (9 o decline) for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later, all mice were killed. Bone marrow stromal cells were collected and cultured for assessment of osteoblastic differentiation and the capacity of osteoblastic mineralization. We determined the protein (Western Blot) and mRNA (RT-PCR) expression of TGF-b, p-Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 in bone tissue. The bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphological changes were also examined. Results: Eight-week training significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase positive (ALP + ) osteoblasts in tibia epiphysis. Downhill running also promoted bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), while it decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Additionally, the numbers of alkaline phosphatase positive colony forming units-fibroblastic (ALP ＋ CFU-f) cells and the area of mineralized nodule formation were significantly higher in training group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TGF-b, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly elevated by downhill training, and the protein expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad4 and Runx2 also increased in exercise group. Conclusion: The findings suggested that downhill running enhanced bone accrual in mice mainly by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and the ability of mineralization. The beneficial changes partly be regulated by TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway.
Determining mutational burden and signature using RNA-seq from tumor-only samples
Authors: Jessen Erik , Liu Yuanhang , Davila Jaime , Kocher Jean-Pierre , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Traditionally, mutational burden and mutational signatures have been assessed by tumor-normal pair DNA sequencing. The requirement of having both normal and tumor samples is not always feasible from a clinical perspective, and led us to investigate the efficacy of using RNA sequencing of only the tumor sample to determine the mutational burden and signatures, and subsequently molecular cause of the cancer. The potential advantages include reducing the cost of testing, and simultaneously providing information on the gene expression profile and gene fusions present in the tumor.Results: In this study, we devised supervised and unsupervised learning methods to determine mutational signatures from tumor RNA-seq data. As applications, we applied the methods to a training set of 587 TCGA uterine cancer RNAseq samples, and examined in an independent testing set of xxx TCGA colorectal cancer RNAseq samples. Both diseases are known associated with microsatellite instable high (MSI-H) and driver defects in DNA polymerase ɛ (POLɛ). From RNAseq called variants, we found majority (>95%) are likely germline variants, leading to C>T enriched germline variants (dbSNP) widely applicable in tumor and normal RNAseq samples. We found significant associations between RNA-derived mutational burdens and MSI/POLɛ status, and insignificant relationship between RNAseq total coverage and derived mutational burdens. Additionally we found that over 80% of variants could be explained by using the COSMIC mutational signature-5, -6 and -10, which are implicated in natural aging, MSI-H, and POLɛ, respectively. For classifying tumor type, within UCEC we achieved a recall of 0.56 and 0.78, and specificity of 0.66 and 0.99 for MSI and POLɛ respectively. By applying learnt RNA signatures from UCEC to COAD, we were able to improve our classification of both MSI and POLɛ. Conclusions: Taken together, our work provides a novel method to detect RNAseq derived mutational signatures with effective procedures to remove likely germline variants. It can leads to accurate classification of underlying driving mechanisms of DNA damage deficiency.
Characterization of Clostridium novyi isolated from a sow in a sudden death case in Korea
Authors: Kim Won-Il , Jeong Chang-Gi , Seo Byoung-Joo , Nazki Salik , Jung Byung Kwon , Khatun Amina , Yang Myeon-Sik , Kim Seung-Chai , Noh Sang-Hyun , Shin Jae-Ho , Kim Bumseok 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Multifocal spherical nonstaining cavities and gram-positive, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming bacteria were found in the liver of a sow that died suddenly. Clostridium novyi type B was identified and isolated from the sudden death case and the isolate was characterized by molecular analyses and bioassays in the current study. Results C. novyi was isolated from the liver and was confirmed as C. novyi type B by differential PCR. The C. novyi isolate fermented glucose and maltose and demonstrated lecithinase activity, and the cell-free culture supernatant of the C. novyi isolate exhibited cytotoxicity toward Vero cells, demonstrating that the isolate produces toxins. In addition, whole-genome sequencing of the C. novyi isolate was performed, and the complete sequences of the chromosome (2.29 Mbp) and two plasmids (134 and 68 kbp) were identified for the first time. Based on genome annotation, 7 genes were identified as glycosyltransferases, which are known as alpha toxins; 23 genes were found to be related to sporulation; 12 genes were found to be related to germination; and 20 genes were found to be related to chemotaxis. Conclusion C. novyi type B was isolated from a sow in a sudden death case and confirmed by biochemical and molecular characterization. Various virulence-associated genes were identified for the first time based on whole-genome sequencing.
WITHDRAWN: Secretion of IFN-γ in goat mammary epithelial cells reduce the mastitis infection risk
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Hongyan , Dong Shasha , Li Boyu , Ma Weiming , Ge Lijiang , Hu Zhiyong , Su Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Mastitis results in great economic loss to the dairy goat industry. Many approaches have attempted to decrease the morbidity associated with this disease, and among these, transgenic strategies have been recognized as a crucial development. A previous mammalian study reports that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has potential anti-bacterial bioactivity against infection in vitro; however, its capacity in vivo is ambiguous. Results: In this study, we first constructed targeting and homologous recombination vectors (containing the IFN-γ gene) and then transferred the vectors into goat mammary gland epithelial cells (GMECs). Enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis indicated that the vectors used in this study were built correctly. Subsequently, monoclonal cells were selected using puromycin and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test indicated that IFN-γ was correctly inserted downstream of the casein promoter. Monoclonal cells were then assessed for reducible expression, and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot tests confirmed that monoclonal cells could express IFN-γ. Finally, anti-bacterial capacity was evaluated using bacterial counts and flow cytometry analysis. Decreased bacterial counts and cell apoptosis rates in transgenic GMECs demonstrated that the secretion of IFN-γ could inhibit bacterial proliferation and reduce the risk of mammary infection in goats. Conclusions: Secretion of IFN-γ could inhibit bacterial proliferation and reduce the risk of mammary infection in goats.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Association Between Co-ed and Gender-Specific School Intramural Programs and Intramural Participation Among a Sample of Canadian Secondary School Students
Authors: Williams Gillian , Burns Kathleen E , Battista Kate , de Groh Margaret , Jiang Ying , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Intramurals are an important part of the physical activity offerings in secondary schools; however, it is not well understood how co-ed and gender-specific intramural programs impact intramural participation among male and female students. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine if the number of co-ed, male-only, and female-only intramurals offered at a school was associated with student participation in intramurals. Methods A large sample of Canadian secondary school students (N=60,635) completed the COMPASS survey in 2017-2018. School staff reported the number of co-ed, male-only, and female-only intramurals offered at each school. Students reported whether they participated in school intramurals. Hierarchical models were used to assess associations. Results Intramural participation was marginally higher among male students (36%) than female students (32%; p<.0001). Female students attending schools that offered female-only intramurals were 17% (OR 1.17 [95% CI: 1.05-1.30]) more likely to participate. The number of co-ed and male-only intramurals offered were not significantly associated with student participation. Conclusions We found a positive association between offering female-only intramurals and female intramural participation, highlighting the importance of these programs for female students. Offering female-only intramurals may be a way for schools to improve participation and physical activity levels of female students. More research is needed on the impact of specific sports or activities on male and female student participation.
VDR Pathway-Specific Dose-Related Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Salmonella typhimurium-induced Mouse Colitis
Authors: Qiu Fubin , Zhang Lijuan , Li Chunyan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Whether and how 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation influences VDRs in experimental mice with colitis remains to be seen. To explore the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on S. typhimurium colitis through the VDR pathway and to discover the role of VDR in its action. Methods: We established a mouse UC model induced by S. typhimurium. After streptococcal typhus infection, the mice were fasted for 12 hours. Blood was collected by the eyeball extraction method, and then sacrificed by cervical dislocation, specimens were collected for corresponding indicators. Results: Mice exposed to S. typhimurium infection developed signs of acute colitis. After HE staining were performed on the diseased colons from the mice. high dose VD supplementation, the pathological colonic damage did not improve in the mice, and there was no statistical difference between the groups with VD deficiency (P>0.05). VDR expression in the UC group treated with Salmonella was higher than that in the control group, a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Compared with the VDD+UC group, VDR expression rose in both the LVDS+UC group and the HVDS+UC group, with VDR protein expression being highest after high dose VD supplementation (P<0.01). Compared with the control and the UC groups, the VDR mRNA expression level in the VDD+UC group was significantly higher, and the colon VDR mRNA expression level decreased after active VD supplementation (Fig.7C). Conclusions: Our data suggest the need for defining the accurate 1,25(OH)2D3 dose limits that induce an anti-inflammatory effect as current data indicate that higher doses would produce an inflammatory response.
Correlation between early maladaptive schemas and violence against women among a representative sample from a Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahme Clara , Haddad Chadia , Akel Marwan , Khoury Chloe , Obeid Hala , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: The study objectives were to trace a linkage between Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and Violence against Women (VAW) in this specific Lebanese patriarchal context while undertaking this research on a larger scope of those Lebanese women who don’t have a choice to act against Violence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on Lebanese women between September and December 2018. Participants enrolled in this study were from all of Lebanon's governorates and selected using an equitable representative sample. Results: Being divorced (Beta=12.11), having a partner addicted to substance (Beta=9.64), to alcohol (Beta=5.03), to gambling (Beta=4.78), have a history of threats, violence, assaults and crimes (Beta=8.45), higher child physical abuse scale (Beta=1.58), higher child sexual abuse scale (Beta=3.77), higher child psychological abuse scale (Beta=0.25), higher Stressful life experiences (Beta=0.24), higher social isolation (Beta=0.43), higher emotional deprivation (Beta=0.42), higher subjugation (Beta=0.31) and higher failure (Beta=0.52) were significantly associated with greater partner physical and non-physical abuse. Conclusion: This current research suggests a positive correlation between violence against women and the activation of early maladaptive schemas.