bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: a series of national surveys, 1982-2012
Authors: ZHU ZHENNI , Yang Xiaoguang , Fang Yuehui , Zhang Jian , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Zhu , Liu Ailing , He Li , Sun Jing , Lian Yiyao , Ding Gangqiang , He Yuna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
China’s diets transition might give references for the undeveloped countries on the way to prosperity. This report describes the trends and disparities in energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese adults and by subpopulations.
Methods
Data for the current study were obtained from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2010-12 CNNS rounds, which were nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. 24-h dietary recall and food weighing were applied to assess dietary intake.
Results
There were 204 877 participants aged 20 years or older included in the current analysis. From 1982 to 2012, the estimated energy intake declined from 2614.7 kcal to 2063.9 kcal. The trends of the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat showed a spike. It increased from 16.3–33.1% (1992 vs 1982 difference, 7.6%; 95% CI 7.4–7.7%; 2002 vs 1992 difference, 7.7%; 95% CI 7.6–7.9%; 2012 vs 2002 difference, 1.6%; 95% CI 1.4–1.7%; P < 0.01 for trend). The trends coincided in the subgroups (all P < 0.01 for trend) except the subgroup of those educated over 15 years whose percentage of energy intake from fat declined from 37.4–36.6% (2012 vs 2002 difference, -0.8%; 95% CI -1.6–0.0%). The estimated percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates declined from 74.0–55.0%. The ranges of the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat within population subgroups stratified by education level, area, and Gross national product (GNP) level were narrowed.
Conclusions
Quick improvements in society and economy effectively curbed undernutrition but easily triggered overnutrition. Disparities persistently existed in different subpopulations while the gaps would narrow if comprehensive efforts put on. Education might be a promising way to preventing overnutrition during the prosperous progress. Low social profile population required specific interventions to avoid further disease burden.
Long-term outcomes of early initiated antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan children: A Cameroonian cohort study
Authors: Ndongo Francis Ateba , TEJIOKEM Mathurin Cyrille , PENDA Calixte IDA , NDIANG Suzie TETANG , NDONGO Jean-Audrey , GUEMKAM Georgette , SOFEU Casimir Ledoux , TAGNOUOKAM-NGOUPO Paul Alain , KFUTWAH ANFUMBOM , MSELLATI Philippe , FAYE Albert , WARSZAWSKI Josiane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
In most studies, the virological response is assessed during the first two years of antiretroviral treatment initiated in HIV-infected infants. However, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy exposes infants to very long-lasting treatment. Moreover, maintaining viral suppression in children is difficult. We aimed to assess the virologic response and mortality in HIV-infected children after five years of early initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and identify factors associated with virologic success in Cameroon.
Methods
In this cohort study, we included 149 children who were still alive after two years of early ART. Virologic response was assessed after 5 years of treatment. The probability of maintaining virologic success between two and five years of ART was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curve. Factors associated with a viral load < 400 copies/mL in children still alive at five years of ART were studied using logistic regressions.
Results
The viral load after five years of early ART was suppressed in 66.8% [60.1–73.5] of the 144 children still alive and in care. Among the children with viral suppression after two years of ART, the probability of maintaining viral suppression after five years of ART was 64.0% [54.0–74.0]. The only factor associated with viral suppression after five years of ART was achievement of confirmed virological success within the first two years of ART [OR = 2.7 (1.1–6.8); p = 0.033].
Conclusions
This study reported difficulty in maintaining virologic success in sub-Saharan HIV-infected children between two and five years of early initiated ART. It also highlighted the importance of initial viral suppression for achieving and maintaining virologic success in the long-term.
Prevalence and determinants of Common Mental Disorder among pregnant women In Debre Berhan town: Highland in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Gizachew Kefyalew Dagne , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Wubetu Abate Dargie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The high prevalence of antenatal mental disorders in Sub-Saharan African countries is poorly understood. Pregnancy and childbirth are gaining recognition as significant risk factors for the development and exacerbation of mental health problems. In low- and lower-middle income countries about one in six pregnant women are experiencing antenatal common mental disorders (CMD). Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, North Showa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was employed among 569 participants. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with Amharic version of Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) from seven selected kebeles. Kebeles were selected by simple random sampling and individuals were selected using cluster sampling. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and the level of significance for association was determined with 95% CI and at P- value < 0.05. Result: A total 557 study participants were completed the interview and the prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder was found to be 45.2%. Loss of loved one (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.19–3.27), history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 6.57; 95% CI: 2.17–19.94), unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.15–3.95), nulliparity (AOR = 8.71; 95% CI: 1.58–47.94), one or less ANC consultations (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.64), two-three ANC consultations (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.83) and current obstetric complications (AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21–8.99) were important factors significantly associated with antenatal common mental disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder (CMD) was high in this study that shows antenatal CMD is significant public health issue that requires a great emphasis. So, early screening and intervention for antenatal CMD should be integrated in primary health care and antenatal care service settings.
Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhao Binbin , Qian Li , Gao Fengjie , Fan Yanjuan , He Xiaoyan , Ma Qingyan , Yang Lihong , Yan Bin , Wang Wei , Ma Xiancang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Intelligence predicts important life and health outcomes, but the biological mechanisms underlying differences in intelligence are not yet understood. The use of genetically determined metabotypes (GDMs) to understand the role of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, in human complex traits has been recently proposed. However, this strategy has not been applied to human intelligence. Here we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GDMs to assess the causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence. The standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the primary MR analysis and three additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) were used for sensitivity analyses. Using 25 genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), our study found that 5-oxoproline was associated with better performance in human intelligence tests (PIVW = 9·25 × 10− 5). The causal relationship was robust when sensitivity analyses were applied (PMR−Egger = 0·0001, PWeighted median = 6·29 × 10− 6, PMR−PRESSO = 0·0007), and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Similarly, also dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6) and p-acetamidophenylglucuronide showed robust association with intelligence. Our study provides novel insight by integrating genomics and metabolomics to estimate causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on human intelligence, which help to understanding of the biological mechanisms related to human intelligence.
Chinese stock market sectoral indices performance in the time of novel coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Liew Venus Khim-Sen , Puah Chin-Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to quantify the effect of the deadly novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak on Chinese stock market performance. Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and its component sectorial indices are examined in this study. The pandemic is represented by a lockdown dummy, new COVID-19 cases and a dummy for 3 February 2020. First, descriptive analysis is performed on these indices to compare their performances before and during the lockdown period. Next, regression analysis with Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity specification is estimated to quantify the pandemic effect on the Chinese stock market. This paper finds that health care, information technology and telecommunication services sectors were relatively more pandemic-resistant, while other sectors were more severely hurt by the pandemic outbreak. The extent to which each sector was affected by pandemic and sentiments in other financial and commodity markets were reported in details in this paper. The findings of this paper are resourceful for investors to avoid huge loss amid pandemic outburst and the China Securities Regulatory Commission in handling future pandemic occurrence to cool down excessive market sentiments.
Clinical manifestations and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yee Jeong , Kim Woorim , Han Ji Min , Yoon Ha Young , Lee Nari , Lee Kyung Eun , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their infants were reported as means and proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine studies involving with 93 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 103 infants were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms. However, abnormal proportions of laboratory parameters were similar or even increased, compared to general population. Around 30% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced preterm delivery, whereas the mean birth weight was 3214.7g. Fetal death, severe neonatal asphyxia, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in about 2%, whereas no neonatal death was found. In conclusion, the current review will serve as an ideal basis for future considerations in the treatment and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.
Removal of N, P from seepage and runoff by different vegetated and slope buffer strips
Authors: Wu Jian Q. , Xiong Li J. , Sha Chen Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The migration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from farmland to river not only results in fertilizer inefficiency, but also aggravates water pollution and eutrophication. It is of great significance to construct a reasonable vegetation buffer zone between the river and farmland to protect water quality. By using constructed buffer strips and runoff hydrometric devices, quantitative research was conducted on removal loads of N and P in a field experiment of different vegetated and slope strips. Results showed that removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, and TP by different vegetated strips were 2 ∼ 3 times higher than the control group. The removal ratios of seepage accounted for 73.6%, 66.9%, 73.9% of total seepage and runoff in three vegetated strips, respectively. On the 2% gradient strips with Cynodon dactylon, the removal ratios of TN, NH4+-N, and TP were 36%, 34%, 37%, which were higher than that with 5% gradient, respectively. And removal ratios from the seepage of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% gradient strips were 71.66%, 68.14%, 64.39%, and 61.93% of the total, respectively. The conclusion can provide the basis of vegetation and slope optimization for the design and construction of a riparian buffer zone, so as to control non-point source pollution effectively.
Correlates of Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Qi D. , Kuang Xiao M. , Qi Jing 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:
The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with
disabilities are well documented, and children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI) engage in less PA
than their sighted peers. Two reviews have summarized studies on PA of children and adolescents with VI, but no
systematic review with semi-quantitative assessment has been conducted to specifically identify the correlates of
their PA. This review aims to systematically summarize the existing literature, which investigated the correlates
of PA of children and adolescents with VI until 2019 and identify variables that contribute to their PA participation.

Methods:
A systematic search using Academic Search Premier (ASP), Education Resources Information Center
(ERIC), Education Source (ES), PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC), MEDLINE,
Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) was conducted in September 2019 to identify studies examining the correlates
of PA in children and adolescents with VI aged 5 to 17 years. Two researchers independently screened studies,
assessed their methodological quality and extracted relevant data. The correlates of PA among children and
adolescents with VI were synthesized and further assessed semi-quantitatively.

Results:
A total of 17 articles identified correlates of PA in children and adolescents with VI. Out of 21 variables
identified from the reviewed studies, 3 were consistently associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI.
Body mass index (BMI)/obesity, percent of body fat, and visual impairment level were consistently and negatively
associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI. Gender and age were identified as having inconsistent
relationships with PA in children and adolescents with VI. The level of parental education was identified to
have “no association” with children and adolescents with VI.

Conclusions:
This review can aid in developing effective interventions to improve the PA of children and adolescents
with VI and propose directions for future research.
QSAR Study of PARP Inhibitors by GA-MLR, GA-SVM and GA-ANN Approaches
Authors: Vahedi Nafiseh , Mohammadhosseini Majid , Nekoei Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme superfamily
present in eukaryotes.

Methods:
In the present report, some efficient linear and non-linear methods including multiple linear
regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were successfully
used to develop and establish quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models
capable of predicting pEC50 values of tetrahydropyridopyridazinone derivatives as effective PARP
inhibitors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to a rational division of the whole data set
and selection of the training and test sets. A genetic algorithm (GA) variable selection method was
employed to select the optimal subset of descriptors that have the most significant contributions to
the overall inhibitory activity from the large pool of calculated descriptors.

Results:
The accuracy and predictability of the proposed models were further confirmed using crossvalidation,
validation through an external test set and Y-randomization (chance correlations) approaches.
Moreover, an exhaustive statistical comparison was performed on the outputs of the proposed
models. The results revealed that non-linear modeling approaches, including SVM and ANN
could provide much more prediction capabilities.

Conclusion:
Among the constructed models and in terms of root mean square error of predictions
(RMSEP), cross-validation coefficients (Q2 LOO and Q2 LGO), as well as R2 and F-statistical value for
the training set, the predictive power of the GA-SVM approach was better. However, compared with
MLR and SVM, the statistical parameters for the test set were more proper using the GA-ANN model.
Synthesis and Application of Zwitterionic Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Removal of Fluoroquinolones from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Shao Huikai , Cherif Samar Douh , Wang Jincai , Wang Qiqin , Jiang Zhengjin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Although molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have now been widely utilized for the sample pretreatment, chromatography separation and removal of pollutants, conventional MIPs are still lack of satisfactory compatibility with
water, thus leading to poor molecular recognition for target analytes in aqueous solutions. This aim of study was to prepare the watercompatible MIPs.

Methods:
The zwitterionic MMIPs were synthesized on vinyltrimethoxysilane-coated Fe3O4
(Fe3O4-VTMS) through a surface imprinting process by using levofloxacin (LEV) as a template,
[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SPE) as a functional
monomer, N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an
initiator.

Results:
The prepared zwitterionic LEV-MMIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared
spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy and
water contact angle test. The characterization results showed that zwitterionic LEV-MMIPs exhibited
good magnetic responsiveness and super-hydrophilicity (the contact angle is 0°). The optimum pH
for binding LEV was found to be 6.0 and the binding isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm
model of monolayer adsorption. The binding process was very fast and the pseudo-second-order
model fitted well with the kinetic data. The adsorption capacity of these zwitterionic MMIPs was
54.30 mg g-1 with a selectivity factor of 1.6 compared to the magnetic non-imprinted polymers
(MNIPs). Their feasibility for removing fluoroquinolones (FQs) from the environmental sample was
demonstrated using pearl river water spiked with LEV, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin.
The zwitterionic LEV-MMIPs could be reused at least five times with a removal efficiency of more
than 80% for the selected FQs.

Conclusion:
The prepared zwitterionic LEV-MMIP is a promising sorbent for rapid, selective and efficient removal of fluoroquinolones from aqueous medium.
Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Serotonin in Real Complex Matrices
Authors: Truţă Florina , Tertis Mihaela , Cristea Cecilia , Graur Florin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers with crucial implication in the
human body. Perturbations in the concentration of neurotransmitters can affect a multitude of mental
and physical functions such as heart rate, sleep, appetite and mood. Thus, the sensitive detection of
these compounds is a real need for a new generation of treatments.

Methods:
Simultaneous detection of two important neurotransmitters, namely dopamine and serotonin,
was investigated in this study using differential pulse voltammetry. The optimization of several
surface parameters was performed in order to choose the best electrode material for electrochemical
oxidation of targets. Screen-printed electrodes based on carbon, gold and platinum and modified with
different nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes decorated with
gold nanoparticles) were tested.

Results:
Carbon-based electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles
were chosen after the optimization protocol. Linear correlations between the analytic signals obtained
and the concentration of dopamine and serotonin, respectively were obtained with good sensitivity
and the detection limits were 0.3 μM for dopamine and 0.8 μM for serotonin with no significant reciprocal
influences. Selectivity studies were also performed, as well as tests in real samples (e.g.,
human serum, tears and saliva) complex matrices for which acceptable recoveries were obtained.

Conclusion:
The results obtained in this study can be considered as an important starting point for
the development of a fast and simple method for selective and highly sensitive detection of neurotransmitters,
with possible applications in the diagnosis of different pathologies and for monitoring
the effectiveness of the applied drug treatment.
"LOCUTIONS, UNITÉS, SÉRIES, COMPOSÉS..." POINTS DE VUE DE L’ÉCOLE DE LINGUISTIQUE GÉNÉRALE DE GENÈVE (CH. BALLY, A. SECHEHAYE, H. FREI)
Authors: CUREA Anamaria 
Published: May 2020

Phrases, Units, Series, Compound Words ... Approaches of the Genevan School of General Linguistics (Ch. Bally, A. Sechehaye, H. Frei). In this article we aim to examine the approaches regarding the word combinations advanced by the linguists of the "first" Genevan School. Between 1920-1930, this issue has been subject of investigation in their research, which proposed solutions convergent with more recent ones, but which, however, remained tributary to the englobing conceptual framework and to the research objectives of each type of approach. Our purpose is to identify the peculiarities of the Genevan theories of Linguistics, somewhere between the Saussurean inspiration and other diverse and original projects.
REZUMAT. Locuțiuni, unități, serii, cuvinte compuse în abordarea şcolii de lingvistică generală de la Geneva (Ch. Bally, A. Sechehaye, H. Frei). În acest articol, ne propunem să examinăm abordările privind combinațiile de cuvinte propuse de lingviștii „primei” școli de la Geneva. În anii 1920-1930, această problematică a făcut obiectul unor cercetări care au propus soluții convergente cu abordări mai recente, rămânând totuși tributare cadrului conceptual care le înglobează și obiectivelor de cercetare ale fiecărui tip de abordare. Ne propunem să identificăm ceea ce aduce specific lingvistica şcolii de la Geneva, între inspirația saussuriană și proiecte diverse și originale.
Cuvinte-cheie: frazeologie, compunere, locuțiuni, cuvinte compuse, lingvistica generală, Geneva.
KOMPARASI KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA ANTARA PMR DAN PBM PADA MATERI GEOMETRI SMP KELAS VII
Authors: Amperawan I Wayan , Pujawan I Gusti Ngurah , Suarsana I Made 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan pembelajaran matematika realistik (PMR) lebih baik daripada siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM). Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperiman semu dan menggunakan desain penelitian adalah Post-test Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII non unggulan di SMP N 1 Sukasada pada tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Siswa pada kelompok eksperimen dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran matematika realistik dan pada kelompok pembanding dibelajarkan dengan PBM selama 8 kali pertemuan, serta pada pertemuan ke-9 dilaksanakan post-test. Post-test pada penelitian ini menggunakan tes pemecahan masalah matematika yang berbentuk tes uraian. Melalui tes tersebut diperoleh rata-rata skor kelompok eksperimen sebesar 13,43 dan kelompok pembanding sebesar 12,37. Perolehan data dalam penelitian tersebut diuji normalitasnya menggunakan uji liliefors, homogenitas penelitian diuji dengan uji levene dan hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan uji-t. Dari analisis data diperoleh t-hitung=1,76959 dan t-tabel=1,672. Apabila dibandingkan nilai t-hitung > t-tabel, sehingga H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran matematika realistik lebih baik daripada kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah.