bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinus floor elevation or referral for further diagnosis and therapy: A comparison of maxillary sinus assessment by ENT specialists and dentists using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Janner Simone F. M. , Dubach Patrick , Suter Valerie G. A. , Caversaccio Marco D. , Buser Daniel , Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists and dentists assessing health or pathology of maxillary sinuses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and methodsTwo ENT specialists and two oral surgeons assessed 100 CBCT datasets of healthy patients referred for dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla and decided on the possibility of sinus floor elevation or the necessity for further diagnostic examinations based solely on radiographic findings. Inter‐rater agreements within the same specialty were calculated with Cohen's kappa and overall agreements with Fleiss kappa, and factors influencing the decisions taken were evaluated using regression analyses.ResultsThe correlation between all four raters was generally fair to moderate. The intra‐specialty comparison showed a lower correlation between dentists than between ENT specialists. Absence of membrane thickening and total or subtotal sinus opacification showed the highest predictive value for a consensus in favor of sinus floor elevation and ENT referral, respectively. Flat membrane thickening with an irregular surface morphology was associated with disagreement between the examiners. Dome‐shaped membrane thickenings were often considered as to be referred by dentists but not by ENTs.ConclusionThe assessment of maxillary sinuses using CBCT imaging exhibited unsatisfactory agreement between ENT specialists and oral surgeons. Referral guidelines based on accidental CBCT findings that aim to diagnose relevant sinus pathologies early and avoid unnecessary diagnostics and/or therapies are needed, and an initial proposal for such recommendations is provided. Further research on correct interpretation of sinus findings and a validation of the present recommendations are required.
Intelligent document‐filling system on mobile devices by document classification and electronization
Authors: Lu Jing , Wu Shihong , Xiang Zhiyu , Cheng Hanlei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoth of an automatic classification method for original documents based on image feature and a layout analysis method based on rule hypothesis tree are proposed. Then an intelligent document‐filling system by electronizing the original documents, which can be applied to cellphones and pads is designed. When users are filling documents online, information can be automatically input to the financial information system merely by taking photos of the original documents. By this means can not only save time but also ensure the accuracy between the data online and that on the original documents. Experiments show that the accuracy of document classification is 88.38%, the accuracy of document‐filling is 87.22%, and it takes 5.042 seconds dealing with per document. The system can be applied to financial, government, libraries, electric power, enterprises and many other industries, which has high economic and application value.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Insights on pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Lee Felicity , Nair Vidhya , Chih Sharon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a unique accelerated form of coronary vascular disease affecting heart transplant recipients. This complication is a significant contributor to medium‐ to long‐term post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. There is a high prevalence of CAV with approximately one in three patients developing CAV by 5 years post‐transplant. Morphologically, CAV is characterized by concentric coronary intimal hyperplasia in both the epicardial arteries and intramural microvasculature. Although several immune and non‐immune factors have been identified, their precise pathogenic mechanisms, interactions, and relative importance in the development of CAV are not well defined. The advent of improved imaging surveillance modalities has resulted in earlier detection during the disease process. However, overall management of CAV remains challenging due to paucity of treatment. This review aims to discuss key concepts on the pathogenesis of CAV and current management strategies, focusing on the use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors.
Could vaping help lower smoking rates in Australia?
Authors: Mendelsohn Colin , Hall Wayne , Borland Ron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this brief article, we review the evidence on whether easier access to vaping could help lower smoking rates in Australia. To make a convincing case for vaping the following conditions need to be met: that vaping assists in smoking cessation; that the prevalence of vaping is high enough to produce measurable effects at a population level; and that the decline in smoking prevalence is slower in countries where vaping is less common. The evidence suggests that these criteria are satisfied.
Can simple physicochemical studies predict the effects of molecules on epidermal water‐impermeable barrier function?
Authors: Denda Mitsuhiro , Umino Yuki , Kumazawa Noriyuki , Nakata Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImprovement of the water‐impermeable barrier function of skin is clinically important, because barrier abnormality is associated with various skin diseases, such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. We have shown that topical application of fatty acids, sex hormones, hexoses, polyols and polymers influences barrier homeostasis, but the effects are highly dependent on even small variations of molecular structure. Moreover, the effects appear within one hour after application and thus are likely to be non‐genomic (physicochemical) phenomena. Secretion of lipids from lamellar bodies into the intercellular space between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum is a crucial step in epidermal water‐impermeable barrier homeostasis, especially at the early stage of barrier recovery after damage, and phase transition of the lipid lamellar structure in the epidermis is an important part of this process. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the above molecules on the physicochemical properties of phospholipid monolayers and liposomes as models of the lamellar body membrane and cell membrane. Molecules that influenced the barrier recovery process also altered the stability of liposomes and the air‐water surface pressure of phospholipid monolayers. Studies using attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry suggested that molecules influencing barrier recovery interact specifically with phospholipids. The idea that molecules interacting with phospholipids may influence barrier homeostasis should open up new approaches to the treatment of a variety of skin diseases.
Checking the pulse of the major commercial fisheries of lake Victoria Kenya, for sustainable management
Authors: Aura Christopher Mulanda , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Owili Monica , Gichuru Nicholas , Kundu Rodrick , Njiru James M. , Ntiba Micheni Japhet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the declining state of the major commercial fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya, a situation threatening sustainability of the lake's fishery. Data in the present study were derived from resource monitoring programmes that included hydro‐acoustics (2009–2018), trawl net fishing (2011–2018), frame surveys (2000–2016) and catch assessment surveys (2000–2015). The activities provided information on fish stocks and supported advice for fisheries management. The average fish stock densities for Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya of 8.92, 8.25 and 8.19 t/km2, respectively, were relatively similar. Diplomatic and sustainable efforts for harmony in fish harvesting among the fishers of the riparian countries are encouraged given the interdependence of the lake. The Kenyan and River Kagera regions had a higher proportion (≈ 4% each) of big‐sized Nile perch (≥50 cm total length) in 2018, signifying the critical breeding areas for Nile perch. To sustain the fishery, there is need to enforce a 36%–44% effort reduction for all the major fisheries, and enforcement of gear limits to avoid harvesting of immature fish and destruction of the lake ecosystem.
FGFR1 is associated with c‐MYC and proangiogenic molecules in metastatic renal cell carcinoma under anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Park Jee Young , Kim Pil‐Jong , Shin Su‐Jin , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Cho Yong Mee , Go Heounjeong 
Published: January 2020

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of FGFR1 and c‐MYC expression, particularly in relation to angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC).Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation were conducted with tissue microarrays from 91 metastatic CCRCC patients who received VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR‐TKIs). The expression of angiogenic molecules, FGFR1 and c‐MYC, and tumoral vascular density (TVD) and mRNA expression and TVD of 533 CCRCCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analysed. FGFR1, pFGFR1 and c‐MYC expression was observed in 29.1, 74.4 and 30.8% of tumours, respectively. FGFR1high was an independent worse prognostic factor for overall (HR = 1.871, P = 0.032) and progression‐free (HR = 1.976, P = 0.016) survival. FGFR1high was significantly related to VEGFR‐TKI responsiveness (P = 0.011). The presence of FGFR1high/c‐MYChigh showed a positive correlation with proangiogenic markers, including VEGF (P = 0.018) and HIF‐1α (P < 0.0001). FGFR1high/c‐MYChigh tumours showed higher TVDs together with higher VEGFR2 and PDGFR‐β expression (both P < 0.0001). FGFR1 and c‐MYC expression was also positively correlated with the expression of hypoxia‐related and proangiogenic‐related genes in the TCGA data.ConclusionsFGFR1 and c‐MYC may be involved in tumour angiogenesis and FGFR1 may represent a promising therapeutic target in metastatic CCRCC.
Greater caries‐free survival of first permanent molars: Findings from a 7‐year follow‐up evaluation of a community‐based oral health preventive program
Authors: Escobar‐Rojas Alfonso , Rojas‐Gualdrón Diego Fernando , Martínez Cecilia María , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes , Restrepo Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe occlusal surface of the first permanent molar is the most frequently affected site by dental caries.AimTo assess the caries‐free survival of first permanent molars in children participating in a community‐based oral health preventive program.DesignThis was a retrospective study conducted on 426 children under 12 years of age, beneficiaries of a preventive program from 2009 to 2015, in El Cedro, Colombia. The program offered oral health care education, supervised brushing and mouth washing, and application of topical fluoride. By using parametric survival models for interval‐censored data, primary and secondary caries‐free survival of any first permanent molar was estimated and analyzed.ResultsBefore program implementation, dental caries lesions presented at an average age, adjusted by age of eruption, of 8.3 years for primary caries lesion and 9.3 years for secondary caries lesion. After 7 years of the program, the estimated average age for presenting primary dental caries lesion was delayed by 4.6 years and by 5.3 years for secondary caries.ConclusionThe implementation of the oral health program led to improved caries‐free survival of first permanent molars.
Unpredictable times: the extent, characteristics and correlates of insecure hours of work in Britain
Authors: Felstead Alan , Gallie Duncan , Green Francis , Henseke Golo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents new British evidence that suggests that cutting working hours at short notice is twice as prevalent as zero‐hours contracts and triple the number of employees are very anxious about unexpected changes to their hours of work. The pay of these employees tends to be lower, work intensity higher, line management support weaker and the threat of dismissal and job loss greater. In addition, the well‐being of these employees is lower and they are less committed to the organisations that employ them. However, the prevalence of insecure working hours is reduced by workplace level employee involvement exercised individually or through collective representation.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of nanoscale coatings on SrAl2O4‐based phosphor powders to prevent aqueous degradation
Authors: Karacaoglu Erkul , Öztürk Esra , Uyaner Mesut , Losego Mark D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aqueous degradation of Eu2+‐activated and Dy3+‐codoped strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+, SA2‐Green) long afterglow phosphors synthesized from solid‐state reaction and coated with nanoscale metal oxide protective layers (≤12 nm) via atomic layer deposition (ALD) is investigated. Uncoated phosphor powders degrade rapidly upon water immersion and lose their green phosphorescence within 48 hours of water exposure. Postmortem investigations reveal hydration and decomposition of the SrAl2O4 phase. ALD of ~10 nm Al2O3 or ~12 nm TiO2 is found to significantly improve the powder's resistance to aqueous degradation. All ALD‐coated powders show minimal structural and chemical degradation and retain phosphoresence after 48 hours of water immersion. This enhanced durability offers a new pathway for applying long afterglow phosphors to outdoor applications like roadway markings or safety signage and for their incorporation into more eco‐friendly waterborne coatings.
Thermal properties and performance of carbon fiber‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites (Cf‐UHTCMCs)
Authors: Rubio Virtudes , Ramanujam Prabhu , Cousinet Sylvain , LePage Giles , Ackerman Terry , Hussain Azad , Brown Peter , Dautremonte Isabelle , Binner Jon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe thermophysical properties of carbon fiber‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites have been determined to aid designers who need these properties when considering using the composites in ultra‐high temperature aerospace applications. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal diffusivity of the composites were measured parallel and perpendicular to the ply direction; the thermal conductivity was measured using the laser‐flash method and the heat capacity calculated from the relationship between the thermal diffusivity, density, and thermal conductivity. Both the CTE and thermal conductivity showed higher values across the ply and increased with increasing temperature as expected, whilst the thermal diffusivity showed higher values parallel to the ply and increased smoothly with temperature. In addition, two different but related oxyfuel torch tests, based on oxyacetylene and oxypropane, were used to evaluate the thermo‐ablation behavior of the composites. The tests showed how good the composites were at withstanding the ultra‐high temperatures, high heat fluxes, and gas velocities involved.
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects against Aβ‐induced cell toxicity through regulating Aβ process
Authors: Zhang Da‐Peng , Lu Xin‐Yi , He Si‐Chen , Li Wan‐Yan , Ao Ran , Leung Feona Chung‐Yin , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Chen Qu‐Bo , Zhang Shi‐Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been reported to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, two in vitro models, Aβ‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells transfected with APPsw (SH‐SY5Y‐APPsw cells), were employed to investigate the neuroprotective of STS. The results revealed that pretreatment with STS (1, 10 and 100 µmol/L) for 24 hours could protect against Aβ (10 µmol/L)‐induced cell toxicity in a dose‐dependent manner in the SH‐SY5Y cells. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate decreased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, NO and iNOS, while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the SH‐SY5Y cells. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate decreased the levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) in the SH‐SY5Y cells. In addition, Western blot results revealed that the expressions of neprilysin and insulin‐degrading enzyme were up‐regulated in the SH‐SY5Y cells after STS treatment. Furthermore, ELISA and Western blot results showed that STS could decrease the levels of Aβ. ELISA and qPCR results indicated that STS could increase α‐secretase (ADAM10) activity and decrease β‐secretase (BACE1) activity. In conclusion, STS could protect against Aβ‐induced cell damage by modulating Aβ degration and generation. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate could be a promising candidate for AD treatment.
Acral lentiginous melanoma: a single‐centre retrospective review of four decades in East‐Central Europe
Authors: Csányi I. , Houshmand N. , Szűcs M. , Ócsai H. , Kemény L. , Oláh J. , Baltás E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) occurs on the palms, soles and subungual surface and has poor prognosis. It is uncommon in the Caucasian population and has remained unreported in East‐Central Europe.ObjectivesOur aim was to collect data from East‐Central Europe by analysing the demographic and clinicopathologic features of patients with ALM and comparing data with the reports in literature.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre, retrospective review between 1976 and 2016 at one of the largest melanoma referral centres in Hungary.ResultsWe identified 176 patients with ALM (3.83%) from 4593 patients with melanoma (mean age: 66.2 years). The tumours were mainly located on the lower extremities (88.63%). The mean Breslow tumour thickness was 3.861 mm, 37.50% of the tumours were thicker than 4.00 mm, and 71.6% exhibited microscopic ulceration. Nearly one‐third of the patients underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, and 60.3% of the biopsies were positive for metastasis. The positive SLN status was associated with significantly thick tumours and reduced survival. Patients with ALM had 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates of 60.5% and 41.6%, respectively. The mean delay in diagnosis was 18 months after the discovery of skin tumours. In multivariate analyses, age, tumour thickness and distant metastasis were independent risk factors for poor survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study, which is the first single‐centre report in East‐Central Europe focusing on ALM, confirms that patient and tumour characteristics and prognostic factors are similar with previous literature data involving Caucasians; however, tumour thickness and survival suggest even worse prognosis.
Evolution of specialized microbial cooperation in dynamic fluids
Authors: Uppal Gurdip , Vural Dervis Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, we study the evolution of specialization using realistic computer simulations of bacteria that secrete two public goods in a dynamic fluid. Through this first‐principles approach, we find physical factors such as diffusion, flow patterns and decay rates are as influential as fitness economics in governing the evolution of community structure, to the extent that when mechanical factors are taken into account, (a) generalist communities can resist becoming specialists despite the invasion fitness of specialization; (b) generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free‐riding; and (c) multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion. Our results emphasize the role of spatial assortment and physical forces on niche partitioning and the evolution of diverse community structures.
“Rapid actions of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone on ovarian and hypothalamic steroidogenesis: Central and peripheral modulation”
Authors: Cáceres Antonella Rosario Ramona , Vega Orozco Adriana Soledad , Cabrera Ricardo Jorge , Laconi Myriam Raquel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether an i.c.v. administration of allopregnanolone (ALLO) rapidly modifies the hypothalamic and ovarian 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) enzymatic activity and gene expression in in vivo and ex vivo systems in pro‐oestrus (PE) and dioestrus I (DI) rats. Animals were injected with vehicle, ALLO, bicuculline or bicuculline plus ALLO and were then killed. In the in vivo experiment, the hypothalamus, ovaries and serum were extracted and analysed. In the ex vivo experiment, the superior mesenteric ganglion ‐ ovarian nerve plexus ‐ ovary system was extracted and incubated during 120 minutes at 37 ºC. The serum and ovarian compartment fluids were used to determine progesterone by radioimmunoanalysis. In the in vivo experiments, ALLO caused a decrease in hypothalamic and ovarian 3β‐HSD enzymatic activity during PE. During DI, ALLO increased hypothalamic and ovarian 3β‐HSD activity and gene expression. The ovarian 3β‐HSD activity increased in both stages in the ex vivo system; gene expression increased only during DI. ALLO induced an increase in serum progesterone only in D1 and in the ovarian incubation liquids in both stages. All findings were reversed by an injection of bicuculline before ALLO. Ovarian steroidogenic changes could be attributed to signals coming from ganglion neurones, which are affected by the acute central neurosteroid stimulation. The i.c.v. administration of ALLO via the GABAergic system altered 3β‐HSD activity and gene expression, modulating the neuroendocrine axis. The present study reveals the action that ALLO exerts on the GABAA receptor in both the central and peripheral nervous system and its relationship with hormonal variations. ALLO is involved in the “fine tuning” of neurosecretory functions as a potent modulator of reproductive processes in female rats.
Treatment of dermatosis papulosa nigra using a carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Furukawa Fumina , Mizawa Megumi , Shimizu Tadamichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is characterized by the presence of multiple, small, hyperpigmented, warty papules affecting the face, neck, and trunk that bear to histological semblance to seborrheic keratosis. Although the lesions are benign tumors, they can cause distress for cosmetic reasons.ObjectiveWe, herein, report the cases of three female Japanese patients (mean age, 46 years) with DPN who were treated using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with a computerized scanner. The patients were all suffering from an increased number of brown asymptomatic papules (size, 1‐5 mm), which were located all over the trunk. Histological examinations revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and horn cyst formation in the epidermis.MethodsWe performed CO2 laser (LASER 30C; Lumenis Inc) treatment (settings: 8‐10 W; pulse duration, 0.05‐seconds; rest duration, 0.36 seconds; laser spot size, 1.2 mm) for 5‐10 months.ResultsWith CO2 laser treatment, were could completely remove the lesions and achieve excellent cosmetic results without scar formation in all cases. The treated lesions did not relapse for more than 1 year.ConclusionIn our opinion, CO2 laser treatment with a computerized scanner is an effective therapeutic option for DPN.