bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-18 Effects on performance and market weight of DNA 600 Duroc sired pigs when fed diets with a blend of phytonutrients (Lean Fuel) in combination with Narasin (Skycis)
Authors: Ochoa Luis , Bible Megan , Soltwedel Kevin , Sandberg Fredrik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine effects on performance from using Narasin (Skycis, Elanco) or a phytonutrient blend (Lean Fuel, Furst-McNess Company), or used in combination. 856 pigs (40.7±3.1 kg BW) were used in the experiment and pens were blocked by nursery feeding program within block to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 8 pens per treatment: 1) Basal Diet met NRC2012 requirements (C), 2) Basal diet + 13.6 g/ton of Narasin throughout the study (Nar), 3) Basal diet + 1.25 kg of Lean Fuel from day 50 of the study to market (LF) and 4) Basal diet + 13.6 g/ton Narasin throughout the study + 1.25 kg of Lean Fuel from day 50 of the study to market (LF+Nar). Carcass data were collected by 3 market cuts (d 78, 92 and 106 of study) shipping 1/3 of pigs from every pen on each cut. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cray, NC) from Day 0 to 50, and as a 2x2 factorial arrangement from Day 50 to market and initial BW was used as covariate. No statistical differences in performance from Day 0 to 50. No difference in mortality: 1.34%, 1.32%, 1.36% and 0% of C, Nar, LF and Nar+LF, respectively. From Day 50 to market, main effect of Narasin improved ADG (1043 g/d vs 1025 g/d, P=0.02), and there was a trend for an interaction with LF (P=0.076), where LF+Nar had the greatest ADG 1055 g/d. Numerical increase in carcass weight for LF (94.92 vs 94.29 kg, P=0.19). Nar and Nar+LF had greater carcass weight for Cut 1 (P=0.072) and Cut 2 (P=0.01) as compared to the other treatments with no difference for Cut 3 and the results are given in Table 1. The results of this trial show improved performance from feeding Nar, and interactive effects on ADG and additive effects on carcass weight when using Nar and LF in combination.
PSIX-10 Effects of SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of DNA 600 Sired Pigs
Authors: Carrender Brittany , Williams Hayden E , Gerhart Mandy , Coble Kyle , DeRouchey Joel M , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A total of 2,673 mixed sex pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 21.4 kg BW) were used in a 117-d study to evaluate the effects of increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of DNA sired pigs. Pens of pigs (30 pigs/pen) were blocked by BW and location and allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 18 pens per treatment. Treatments were 90%, 95%, 100%, or 105% of the 2016 PIC recommended SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratio for finishing gilts. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete-block design with pen as the experimental unit. Overall (d 0-117), increasing Lysine:Calorie NE tended to improve ADG (Linear; P = 0.077) and G:F (Linear; P = 0.053). Although there was an increase in ADG with increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE, there was no evidence for a difference (P &gt; 0.100) in final BW. The lack of BW response is most likely due to the lower (Quadratic; P &lt; 0.008) removal rate as SID Lysine:Calorie NE increased. Carcass ADG (Linear; P &lt; 0.064) tended to improve as SID Lysine: Calorie NE increased. An improvement in carcass G:F (Quadratic; P &lt; 0.004) was observed as SID Lysine:Calorie NE increased to 100% PIC (2016) recommendations, with little improvement observed thereafter. No significant differences were observed in carcass yield, loin depth, back fat, or % lean. These results suggests that DNA sired pigs fed increasing SID Lysine:Calorie NE ratios tended to have improved growth performance with no impact on carcass quality.
PSIX-2 Amino acid digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of a few protein isolates and concentrates derived from cereal grains, plant proteins, or dairy proteins
Authors: Bailey Hannah M , Stein Hans H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA) and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for brown rice protein concentrate (BRPC), pea protein concentrate (PPC), two rapeseed protein isolates (RSP-1 and RSP-2), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI). Seven cannulated barrows (36.51 ± 1.61 kg) were randomly allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square design and fed a diet containing each protein as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also used. The DIAAS was calculated for children from 6-mo to 3-yr and persons &gt;3-yr. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS in a randomized complete block design with pigs as the experimental unit. Among proteins, WPI had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) SID of all indispensable AA (IAA), except Lys and Thr, and RSP-1 had the least (P &lt; 0.05) SID of most IAA. The SID of all AA, except Leu and Met, did not differ between RSP-2 and SPI, and the SID of all IAA, except Arg and Lys, was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for RSP-2 than for PPC and BRPC. For DIAAS (Table 1), RSP-2 was the only protein with a DIAAS greater than 100 for children 6-mo to 3-yr, and both RSP-2 and WPI had a DIAAS greater than 100 for persons &gt;3-yr. For both reference patterns, the DIAAS for RSP-2 and WPI was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than for SPI. The DIAAS for RSP-1 was less (P &lt; 0.05) than for SPI and greater (P &lt; 0.05) than for PPC, which had a DIAAS greater (P &lt; 0.05) than BRPC. In conclusion, RSP-2 resulted in an excellent quality protein for persons &gt;6-mo, and WPI is an excellent quality protein for persons &gt;3-yr.
PSVI-2 Dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease increased the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in post-weaned and growing pigs
Authors: Seok Woo Jung , Cheng Lei , Palanisamy Thanapal , Fu Xiangting , Kim In Ho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease in diets on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and fecal microbial shedding in post-weaned growing pigs. In total, 90 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weaner pigs with an initial average BW of 6.61 ± 1.73 kg were randomly allotted into 2 treatments with 9 replicate pens of 5 pigs for a 4-phase feeding trial (0 to 1, 1 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 11 weeks). The treatments were: CON, corn-soybean meal based basal diet; PROT, basal diet + 0.05% protease. The basal diet contained 16.32, 15.91, 15.49, and 14.91 MJ/kg digestibility energy respectively and 1.50, 1.40, 1.30, and 1.00% lysine respectively for phase 1, 2, 3, and 4. All data were statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Variability in the data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation, differences with P &lt; 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. During phase 3, average daily gain, and gain: feed ratio was increased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed PROT diet compared with those fed CON diet. Pigs fed PROT diet had higher (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of dry matter and crude protein than pigs fed CON diet. No differences were observed in fecal microflora counts between CON and PROT groups. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease increased growth performance at phase 3 and increased the digestibility) of dry matter and crude protein (insert mean values for both Con vs Treat) in growing pigs.
PSVII-21 Impacts of various farrowing induction protocols on attended farrowings
Authors: Sharp Katharine G , Mills Kayla M , Shirley Larissa , Garcia Ricardo , Stewart Kara R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Genetic selection has resulted in increased number of piglets born accompanied by an increase in pre-weaning mortality. Attending farrowings to assist sows is effective at reducing mortality in piglets. Inducing sows to farrow may help to ensure that labor is present for the farrowing process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate farrowing induction protocols on the farrowing process. Primiparious and multiparious sows (n=58) were assigned to one of the following treatments: no induction (NO, n=24), 2cc of Lutalyse on d114 followed by 1cc Oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24, n=13), 2cc of Lutalyse on d114 followed by 0.5cc Oxytocin 6 and 12 hours later (OXY6, n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded in addition to sow blood glucose and hemoglobin levels at four intervals: piglet 1, piglet 6, 2 hours after piglet 1, and end of farrowing. Seventy-seven percent (10/13) of the OXY24 sows farrowed within 36 hours of induction compared to 62% (13/21) of the OXY6 sows. The length of the farrowing process was not different among treatments (NO = 3.55 ± 0.3, OXY24 = 4.76 ± 1.13, OXY6 = 3.86 ± 0.5, P=0.22) or parity groups (P=0.58). Across all treatments, total born averaged 13.2 piglets with 5.5% stillborns and 4.5% mummies. Induction had no effect on piglets born alive (NO = 11.9, OXY24 = 12.4, OXY6 = 11.4, P=0.42), stillborns (NO = 0.71, OXY24 = 0.70, OXY6 =1.76, P=0.73) or mummies (NO = 0.54, OXY24 = 0.70, OXY6 = 0.71, P=0.84). Number of piglets that were pulled from the sow did not differ among treatments (P=0.89) or by parity (P=0.18). Blood glucose and hemoglobin at the end of the farrowing process was not different among treatments (P=0.75 and P=0.83, respectively). These current results indicate farrowing induction protocols have no negative impacts on attended farrowings.
PSVII-13 Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid and methionine supplementation during late gestation on offspring duodenal amino acid and peptides transporters in sheep
Authors: Rosa-Velazquez Milca , Batistel Fernanda , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The intestine plays a crucial role in nutrient digestion and absorption, and its function is critical for animal growth and health. However, the effect of maternal nutrition on offspring’s intestine is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), methionine (M) or both to ewes during late gestation on offspring duodenal amino acid (AA) and peptides transporters. Twenty-four post-weaned lambs (6/treatment) born from ewes supplemented from day 100 (d100) gestation until lambing were used. Dam supplementation was: 1) no PUFA or M supplementation (CONT, NFA-NM); 2) supplementation with PUFA (PUFA-NM, 1 % StrataG113); 3) a source of M (NFA-MET, 0.1 % rumen protected methionine, Smartamine); and 4) PUFA and MET (PUFA-MET). At weaning (60 days of age) lambs were placed in 24 pens and fed a common finishing diet for 56 days. On d56, lambs were harvested and samples of the duodenum were collected to quantified amino acid (AA) and peptides transporters. Protein quantification of amino acid transporters was performed using Simple Western System. Offspring data was analyzed as a 2x2x2 factorial (FA, M, and sex). No triple interaction was found (P &gt; 0.15). Dam supplementation did not affect SLC38A2 and SLC38A10 expression. A trend was observed in MET*Sex interaction (P = 0.1), M-ewes and NM-wethers had a greater SLC6A19 expression compared with NM-ewes and M-wethers. Furthermore, SLC7A5 protein expression tended to decrease (P = 0.1) in M-ewes and NM-wethers when compared with M-wethers. There was an effect of FA supplementation, PUFA born animals had a greater SLC38A1 protein expression when compared to NFA born offspring. Maternal supplementation of M or PUFA led to a modification in the protein expression of duodenal AA transporters, and this modification could be influenced by the sex of the offspring.
PSVI-18 Effects of rumen-protected lysine on performance and plasma amino acid metabolism in early lactation Holstein cows
Authors: Carney Geoffrey , Cardoso Phil , Doane Perry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementation on performance and plasma amino acids in Holstein cows. A total of 40, primi- and multiparous Holstein cows (DIM 49 ± 13) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design consisting of 20 blocks. Total length of the experiment was 49 d. From d1 to d7 cows were not fed RPL (adaptation phase; covariate) and from d8 to d49 (experimental phase) cows received the treatments that were top-dressed. Treatments were as follow: cows fed a basal TMR + 300 g of dried ground molasses (CON); and basal TMR + RPL (NPL; ADM, Decatur, IL) at 0.41% of the TMR DM. Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein or artery, on d 7, 14, 28, 42, 45, and 49 of each period from each cow. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (v9.4). There was no difference for DMI in cows in CON and NPL (P &gt; 0.21). Cows in NPL had a tendency for lower BCS (3.22 ± 0.04) than CON (3.32 ± 0.03) (P = 0.06). There were no treatment differences for BW (P = 0.30) and milk protein [CON (2.94 % ± 0.04) and NPL (2.93 % ± 0.05) (P = 0.85)]. Cows in CON (64.35µM/L ± 2.06) had lower (P = 0.03) Lys plasma concentration then NPL (71.14 µM/L ± 2.11). Cows in CON (64.52 µM/L ± 1.35) had tendency for lower (P = 0.08) Arg concentration than NPL (67.98 µM/L ± 1.38). In conclusion, NPL did not improve nor decreased DMI, milk yield and components; but increased plasma Lys and Arg, concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows.
PSI-6 Effects of rest period prior to processing on vaccine response and blood metabolites in feedlot heifers
Authors: Reeb Macie , Tarpoff A J , Theurer Miles , Jones Tom , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is common for feedyards to rest cattle after transport and prior to administration of their receiving vaccinations in an attempt to minimize transport stress and optimize vaccine efficacy and subsequent growth and performance. This study aimed to test how time of rest after feedlot heifer arrival impacts vaccine titer and blood metabolites indicating cattle health. Eighty mixed-breed heifers (250 ± 4.2 kg BW) were purchased at live auction in Oklahoma City, OK and transported to the Kansas State University in Manhattan. Heifers were allotted in a completely randomized design to one of four treatments processed at 0, 6, 24, or 48 hours after arrival. At the time of processing (d 0) and again on d 35, serum samples were collected and analyzed for infectious bovine rhinotrachitis (IBR) titer, large animal chemistry panel, and hepatic profile by the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. There were time × treatment interactions (P &lt; 0.02) for serum IBR titer, glucose, urea nitrogen, and bicarbonate. Specifically, heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.05) IBR titer on d 35 than d 0, as expected because they were vaccinated upon arrival. Upon arrival, cattle held for 48 hours prior to processing had significantly greater (P &lt; 0.05) glucose than those held for 24 hours (108 vs. 68 mg/dL, respectively), with no differences in processing treatment by d 35. Urea nitrogen levels in cattle held for 6, 24, or 48 hr prior to processing were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those held for 0 hours on d 0 or for any length of time by d 35. Finally, cattle held for 0 or 48 hr prior to processing had lower (P &lt; 0.05) bicarbonate levels on d 0 than those held for 6 or 24 hours by d 35. These data show that while initial rest may be helpful to normalize blood metabolites, cattle should be placed within 24 hours of arrival. However, most blood metabolite levels normalize within 35 days.
PSIII-2 Considering a large creep pellet as a means to improve suckling and early weaned pig performance
Authors: Mahal Shannen T , Morton Jodi M , Perez-Palencia Jorge Y , Levesque Crystal L , Groenewegen Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the benefit of creep feeding with large pellets (10mm diameter, Masterfeeds, London, ON, Canada) on pre- and post-weaning pig performance. Litters from two farrowing groups were assigned to one of 2 treatments: Control (no creep n= 25 litters) and Creep (large creep pellets n = 24) during the suckling phase. Pellets were provided beginning 7 d after the first sow farrowed within a group until weaning at 21 d. Pellets were placed in shallow plastic feeders three times/day (100-150 g at a time as needed) to ensure access to fresh feed. Creep pellets contained 2500 ppm zinc and ferric oxide-dyed biscuit crumbles were added at 5% inclusion in Phase 1 nursery diet. Therefore, fecal zinc concentration at 2 to 3d prior to weaning and red fecal coloration 2 to 4d after weaning were used to identify “eaters” from “non-eaters”. Pigs were weaned at 21 ± 2 d into pens based on suckling treatment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block with the sows as a random effect (PROC MIXED, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). Post-weaning fecal swabs data were analyzed by frequency test using the PROC FREQ procedure in SAS. There was no difference in pig weight prior to creep pellets. At weaning, Control pigs were heavier due to greater daily gain (P &lt; 0.01; Table 1) than Creep pigs. However, there was no difference in d34 BW due to greater (P &lt; 0.05) daily gain of Creep pigs in the post-weaning period. A greater proportion of Creep pigs were identified as “eaters” on d2 post-weaning (43 vs 33%, □ 2 = 0.004; Figure 1). Lighter weight at weaning in Creep pigs may be due to temporary distraction from suckling; however, exposure to large creep feed pellets pre-weaning improved pig feed intake and growth post-weaning.
PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality
Authors: Harrison Olivia , Tauer Samantha , Frederick Brent 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P &gt; 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.
45 A permutation test for validation of genomic estimated breeding values
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Sullivan Brian , Jafarikia Mohsen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the accuracy of Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) as a predictor of future performance is higher than the traditional Estimated Breeding Value (EBV). The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential advantage of selection on GEBV for litter size (LS) compared to selection on EBV in the Canadian swine dam line breeds. The study included 236 Landrace and 210 Yorkshire gilts born in 2017 which had their first farrowing after 2017. GEBV and EBV for LS were calculated with data that was available at the end of 2017 (GEBV2017 and EBV2017, respectively). De-regressed EBV for LS in July 2019 (dEBV2019) was used as an adjusted phenotype. The average dEBV2019 for the top 40% of sows based on GEBV2017 was compared to the average dEBV2019 for the top 40% of sows based on EBV2017. The standard error of the estimated difference for each breed was estimated by comparing the average dEBV2019 for repeated random samples of two sets of 40% of the gilts. In comparison to the top 40% ranked based on EBV2017, ranking based on GEBV2017 resulted in an extra 0.45 (±0.29) and 0.37 (±0.25) piglets born per litter in Landrace and Yorkshire replacement gilts, respectively. The estimated Type I errors of the GEBV2017 gain over EBV2017 were 6% and 7% in Landrace and Yorkshire, respectively. Considering selection of both replacement boars and replacement gilts using GEBV instead of EBV can translate into increased annual genetic gain of 0.3 extra piglets per litter, which would more than double the rate of gain observed from typical EBV based selection. The permutation test for validation used in this study appears effective with relatively small data sets and could be applied to other traits, other species and other prediction methods.
40 PRLR and PCCA variants associated with hair length in Brangus heifers
Authors: Davila Kaitlyn M Sarlo , Howell Alyssa , Nunez Andrea , Orelien Arseia , Roe Victoria , Rodriguez David , Rodriguez Eduardo , Dikmen Serdal , Mateescu Raluca G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thermal stress limits beef cattle production and results in a loss of $370 million in the U.S. annually due to reduced animal performance. A shorter hair coat is a key thermoregulative adaptation that allows cattle to lose heat more efficiently through conductive, convective, and evaporative cooling at the hair-skin interface. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with the length of the topcoat and undercoat of cattle. Hair samples were collected from the shoulder, 4 inches down from the spine from 2,161 heifers in 2016, 2017 and 2018. ImageJ software was used to measure hair length. The length of the topcoat and undercoat were evaluated for each individual by averaging five long and five short hairs, respectively. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array. After quality control, 132,225 SNP were available for association analyses using Golden Helix SVS. Year of collection was fitted as a fixed effect and the genomic relationship matrix was fitted to account for the genetic covariance among animals. To correct for multiple tests, the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate was constrained to 0.1. Four SNP in the PRLR gene were significantly associated with topcoat length, including a missense mutation that explained 4% of the variation in topcoat length. PRLR has previously been demonstrated to significantly impact hair length in cattle. Seven SNP in the PCCA gene were significantly associated with undercoat length. PCCA belongs to the biotin transport and metabolism pathway. Biotin deficiency has been reported to cause hair loss. These genetic variants may contribute to a shorter hair coat and more thermotolerant animals.