bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Slag Transfer in the IronArc Process
Authors: Svantesson Jonas L. , Ersson Mikael , Imris Matej , Jönsson Pär G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The IronArc process is a novel approach to ironmaking which aims to reduce the associated

$${\hbox {CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions. By superheating gas using electricity in a plasma generator (PG) the heat required for the process can be supplied without burning of coke. Reduction of hematite and magnetite ores is facilitated by additions of hydrocarbons from liquid natural gas (LNG). The melting and reduction of ore will produce a molten slag containing 90 pct wüstite, which will be corrosive to most refractory materials. A freeze-lining can prevent refractory wear by separating the molten slag from the refractory. This approach is evaluated in CFD simulations by studying the liquid flow and solidification of the slag using the enthalpy–porosity model in two different slag transfer designs. It was found that a fast moving slag causes a high near-wall turbulence, which prevents solidification in the affected areas. The RSM turbulence model was verified against published experimental research on solidification in flows. It was found to accurately predict the freeze-lining thickness when a steady state was reached, but with lacking accuracy for predicting the time required for formation of said freeze-lining. The results were similar when the

$$k{-}\omega $$

k
-
ω

SST model was used. A design with a slower flow causes more solidified material on the walls and can protect all areas of the refractory wall from the corrosive slag. A parameter study was done on the effect of viscosity, mushy zone parameter, heat conductivity and mass flow on the amount of solidified material, thickness of solidified material, heat flux, and wall shear stress. In the current geometry, freeze-linings completely protect the refractory for mass flow rates of up to 3

$${\text {kg}} \, {\text {s}}^{-1},$$

kg

s

-
1

,

and are stable for the expected viscosity (0.05 to 0.3 Pa), heat conductivity (2

$${\text {W}}\, {\text {m}}^{-1}\,{\text {K}}^{-1}),$$

W

m

-
1

K

-
1

)
,

and used mushy zone parameter (10,000).
Identifying Blood Transcriptome Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Transgenic Mice
Authors: Ochi Shinichiro , Iga Jun-ichi , Funahashi Yu , Yoshino Yuta , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Kumon Hiroshi , Mori Hiroaki , Ozaki Yuki , Mori Takaaki , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe testing of pathological biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as amyloid beta and tau, is time-consuming, expensive, and invasive. Here, we used 3xTg-AD mice to identify and validate putative novel blood transcriptome biomarkers of AD that can potentially be identified in the blood of patients. mRNA was extracted from the blood and hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and control mice at different ages and used for microarray analysis. Network and functional analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes between AD and control mice modulated the immune and neuroinflammation systems. Five novel gene transcripts (Cdkn2a, Apobec3, Magi2, Parp3, and Cass4) showed significant increases with age, and their expression in the blood was collated with that in the hippocampus only in AD mice. We further assessed previously identified candidate biomarker genes. The expression of Trem1 and Trem2 in both the blood and brain was significantly increased with age. Decreased Tomm40 and increased Pink1 mRNA levels were observed in the mouse blood. The changes in the expression of Snca and Apoe mRNA in the mouse blood and brain were similar to those found in human AD blood. Our results demonstrated that the immune and neuroinflammatory system is involved in the pathophysiologies of aging and AD and that the blood transcriptome might be useful as a biomarker of AD.
Thallium-201 Imaging in Intact Olfactory Sensory Neurons with Reduced Pre-Synaptic Inhibition In Vivo
Authors: Shiga Hideaki , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Washiyama Kohshin , Noguchi Tomohiro , Hiromasa Tomo , Miyazono Sadaharu , Kumai Masami , Ogawa Kazuma , Taki Junichi , Kinuya Seigo , Miwa Takaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we determined whether the 201Tl (thallium-201)-based olfactory imaging is affected if olfactory sensory neurons received reduced pre-synaptic inhibition signals from dopaminergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb in vivo. The thallium-201 migration rate to the olfactory bulb and the number of action potentials of olfactory sensory neurons were assessed 3 h following left side nasal administration of rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor that decreases the number of dopaminergic interneurons without damaging the olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory bulb, in mice (6–7 animals per group). The migration rate of thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb was significantly increased following intranasal administration of thallium-201 and rotenone (10 μg rotenone, p = 0.0012; 20 μg rotenone, p = 0.0012), compared with that in control mice. The number of action potentials was significantly reduced in the olfactory sensory neurons in the rotenone treated side of 20 μg rotenone-treated mice, compared with that in control mice (p = 0.0029). The migration rate of thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb assessed with SPECT-CT was significantly increased in rats 24 h after the left intranasal administration of thallium-201 and 100 μg rotenone, compared with that in control rats (p = 0.008, 5 rats per group). Our results suggest that thallium-201 migration to the olfactory bulb is increased in intact olfactory sensory neurons with reduced pre-synaptic inhibition from dopaminergic interneurons in olfactory bulb glomeruli.
Variable Exponent Sobolev Spaces and Regularity of Domains
Authors: Górka Przemysław , Karak Nijjwal , Pons Daniel J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the embeddings of variable exponent Sobolev and Hölder function spaces over Euclidean domains, providing necessary and/or sufficient conditions on the regularity of the exponent and/or the domain in various contexts. Concerning the exponent, the relevant condition is log-Hölder continuity; concerning the domain, the relevant condition is the measure density condition.
The Relationship between a Western Amazonian Society and Domesticated Sedges (Cyperus spp.)
Authors: Kujawska Monika , Zamudio Fernando , Albán-Castillo Joaquina , Sosnowska Joanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the relationships between the Ashaninka people from Peruvian Amazonia and the domesticated sedges (Cyperusspp.) cultivated in almost every Ashaninka home garden, and mostly exchanged within family circles. An over-differentiation phenomenon is observed, in which four species ofCyperuscorrespond to 86 folk species. The names of folk species are formed by secondary lexemes, composed of a semantically active constituent and a generic suffix (i)benki. The names contain mnemonic cues to differentiate otherwise morphologically similar plants, and their meanings correspond to Ashaninka ontological categories, thus revealing many levels of connectivity between them and non-humans. The wide scope of specific uses (approx. 60 registered) assigned toCyperusspp. is only partly supported by phytochemicals and ergot alkaloids in the fungus-infested sedges. The key to understanding theibenki’s (Cyperus) agency lies in local cosmologies, in which domesticated sedges are viewed as plant-persons and kin. The Ashaninka are engaged in producing the bodies of their kin, theibenki. Simultaneously,ibenkiare powerful allies in restoring harmonious social relations and protecting people against the intentional actions of other humans and non-humans.
Seasonal variations in pancreatic surgery outcome A retrospective time-trend analysis of 2748 Whipple procedures
Authors: Marchegiani Giovanni , Andrianello Stefano , Nessi Chiara , Giuliani Tommaso , Malleo Giuseppe , Paiella Salvatore , Salvia Roberto , Bassi Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Observing cyclic patterns in surgical outcome is a common experience. We aimed to measure this phenomenon and to hypothesize possible causes using the experience of a high-volume pancreatic surgery department.

Methods
Outcomes of 2748 patients who underwent a Whipple procedure at a single high-volume center from January 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Three different hypotheses were tested: the effect of climate changes, the “July effect” and the effect of vacations.

Results
Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 morbidity was similar during warm vs. cold months (22.5% vs. 19.8%, p = 0.104) and at the beginning of activity of new trainees vs. the rest of the year (23.5 vs. 22.5%, p = 0.757). Patients operated when a high percentage of staff is on vacation showed an increased Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 morbidity (22.3 vs. 18.5%, p = 0.022), but similar mortality (2.3 vs. 1.8%, p = 0.553). The surgical waiting list was also significantly longer during these periods (37 vs. 27 days, p = 0.037). Being operated in such a period of the year was an independent predictor of severe morbidity (OR 1.271, CI 95% 1.086–1.638, p = 0.031).

Conclusion
Being operated when more staff is on vacation significantly affects severe morbidity rate. Future healthcare system policies should prevent the relative shortage of resources during these periods.
Serum and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in patients with central nervous system infections caused by varicella-zoster virus
Authors: Tyrberg Tobias , Nilsson Staffan , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Grahn Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common cause of viral central nervous system (CNS) infection, and patients may suffer from severe neurological sequelae. The biomarker neurofilament light chain (NFL) is used for assessment of neuronal damage and is normally measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Novel methods have given the possibility to measure NFL in serum instead, which could be a convenient tool to estimate severity of disease and prognosis in VZV CNS infections. Here, we investigate the correlation of serum and CSF NFL in patients with VZV CNS infection and the association of NFL levels in serum and CSF with different VZV CNS entities. NFL in serum and CSF was measured in 61 patients who were retrospectively identified with neurological symptoms and VZV DNA in CSF detected by PCR. Thirty-three herpes zoster patients and 40 healthy blood donors served as control groups. NFL levels in serum and CSF correlated strongly in the patients with VZV CNS infection. Encephalitis was associated with significantly higher levels of NFL in both serum and CSF compared with meningitis and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Surprisingly, herpes zoster controls had very high serum NFL levels, comparable with those shown in encephalitis patients. We show that analysis of serum NFL can be used instead of CSF NFL for estimation of neuronal injury in patients with VZV CNS infection. However, high levels of serum NFL also in patients with herpes zoster, without signs of CNS involvement, may complicate the interpretation.
Group mentorship for undergraduate medical students—a&nbsp;systematic review
Authors: Skjevik Elise Pauline , Boudreau J. Donald , Ringberg Unni , Schei Edvin , Stenfors Terese , Kvernenes Monika , Ofstad Eirik H. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Mentoring has become a prevalent educational strategy in medical education, with various aims. Published reviews of mentoring report very little on group-based mentorship programs. The aim of this systematic review was to identify group-based mentorship programs for undergraduate medical students and describe their aims, structures, contents and program evaluations. Based on the findings of this review, the authors provide recommendations for the organization and assessment of such programs.
Methods A systematic review was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines, and using the databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ERIC up to July 2019. Eight hundred abstracts were retrieved and 20 studies included. Quality assessment of the quantitative studies was done using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI).
Results The 20 included studies describe 17 different group mentorship programs for undergraduate medical students in seven countries. The programs were differently structured and used a variety of methods to achieve aims related to professional development and evaluation approaches. Most of the studies used a single-group cross-sectional design conducted at a single institution. Despite the modest quality, the evaluation data are remarkably supportive of mentoring medical students in groups.
Discussion Group mentoring holds great potential for undergraduate medical education. However, the scientific literature on this genre is sparse. The findings indicate that group mentorship programs benefit from being longitudinal and mandatory. Ideally, they should provide opportunities throughout undergraduate medical education for regular meetings where discussions and personal reflection occur in a supportive environment.
Good practices in harnessing social media for scholarly discourse, knowledge translation, and education
Authors: Lu Daniel , Ruan Brandon , Lee Mark , Yilmaz Yusuf , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction There still remains a gap between those who conduct science and those who engage in educating others about health sciences through various forms of social media. Few empirical studies have sought to define useful practices for engaging in social media for academic use in the health professions. Given the increasing importance of these platforms, we sought to define good practices and potential pitfalls with help of those respected for their work in this new field.
Methods We conducted a qualitative study, guided by constructivist grounded theory principles, of 17 emerging experts in the field of academic social media. We engaged in a snowball sampling technique and conducted a series of semi-structured interviews. The analytic team consisted of a diverse group of researchers with a range of experience in social media.
Results Understanding the strengths of various platforms was deemed to be of critical importance across all the participants. Key to building online engagement were the following: 1) Culture-building strategies; 2) Tailoring the message; 3) Responsiveness; and 4) Heeding rules of online engagement. Several points of caution were noted within our participants’ interviews. These were grouped into caveat emptor and the need for critical appraisal, and common pitfalls when broadcasting one’s self.
Discussion Our participants were able to share a number of key practices that are central to developing and sharing educational content via social media. The findings from the study may guide future practitioners seeking to enter the space.
The learning community faculty experience: how longitudinal relationships with learners enhance work meaning
Authors: Roussel Danielle , Gordon Paul R. , Wagner James M. , Bardack Michelle , Sardesai Maya G. , Colbert-Getz Jorie M. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Work meaning has gained attention as an important contributor to physician job engagement and well-being but little is known about how faculty participation in medical school learning communities might influence this phenomena. Our study goals were to determine how physician faculty members may derive meaning from serving as mentors for longitudinal learning communities of medical students, to understand how that meaning may impact other areas of their work, and relate our findings to existing literature and theoretical frameworks.
Methods The research team conducted, recorded, transcribed, and coded 25 semi-structured telephone interviews of faculty mentors from four US medical schools with curricular learning communities. The team used an iterative interview coding process to generate final themes and relate these themes to existing literature.
Results The authors identified five themes of meaning faculty derive from participation as learning community mentors: “I am a better professional,” “I am more connected,” “I am rejuvenated,” “I am contributing,” and “I am honored.” A sixth theme, “I am harmed,” encompassed the negative aspects of the learning community faculty experience. The authors found that their identified themes related closely to the theoretical framework for pathways to meaningful work proposed by Rosso et al.
Discussion The alignment of the themes we identified on the experience of learning community faculty to existing literature on work meaning corroborates the theoretical framework and deepens understanding of beneficial and harmful learning community effects on faculty.
Student Potential for Self-assessment in a Clinical Dentistry Practical Training Course on Communication Skills
Authors: Iguchi Asami , Hasegawa Yuh , Fujii Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate student potential for self-assessment in a clinical dentistry practical training course focused on communication skills. Participants were 124 fourth-year students (70 males, 54 females; all Japanese) in 2017 and 2018 at the Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata. Participating students belonged to different cohorts in 2017 and 2018. Participants were asked to complete a self-evaluation sheet at the end of each unit of the course. Their self-evaluation scores and the faculty evaluation scores for each student for Units 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 were statistically analyzed. The results showed that females tended to rate themselves significantly higher than males. Furthermore, there were significant differences in evaluation scores between students and faculty for nine of 11 evaluation items for male students and 10 of 11 items for female students in Unit 1-3. Faculty expectations increased from Unit 1-1 to Unit 1-3, although students were satisfied with their performance and had a sense of achievement. However, students’ actual performance was below faculty expectations, suggesting faculty evaluations were stricter than students’ self-evaluation. Self-assessment may enhance students’ ability for self-directed learning and may also inform how faculty can effectively educate dental students. Dental educators should support students to increase their levels of self-efficacy, which will enhance their self-evaluation skills.
Hypergraph clustering by iteratively reweighted modularity maximization
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Vaidyanathan Sankaran , Ananthapadmanabhan Harini , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Ravindran Balaraman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLearning on graphs is a subject of great interest due to the abundance of relational data from real-world systems. Many of these systems involve higher-order interactions (super-dyadic) rather than mere pairwise (dyadic) relationships; examples of these are co-authorship, co-citation, and metabolic reaction networks. Such super-dyadic relations are more adequately modeled using hypergraphs rather than graphs. Learning on hypergraphs has thus been garnering increased attention with potential applications in network analysis, VLSI design, and computer vision, among others. Especially, hypergraph clustering is gaining attention because of its enormous applications such as component placement in VLSI, group discovery in bibliographic systems, image segmentation in CV, etc. For the problem of clustering on graphs, modularity maximization has been known to work well in the pairwise setting. Our primary contribution in this article is to provide a generalization of the modularity maximization framework for clustering on hypergraphs. In doing so, we introduce a null model for graphs generated by hypergraph reduction and prove its equivalence to the configuration model for undirected graphs. The proposed graph reduction technique preserves the node degree sequence from the original hypergraph. The modularity function can be defined on a thus reduced graph, which can be maximized using any standard modularity maximization method, such as the Louvain method. We additionally propose an iterative technique that provides refinement over the obtained clusters. We demonstrate both the efficacy and efficiency of our methods on several real-world datasets.
Verbessert ein Pick-by-Watch-System Kommissionierungsleistungen gegenüber herkömmlichen Papierlisten?
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J. , Kurt Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie vergleicht ein Pick-by-Watch (PbW)-System mit dem Pick-by-Paper (PbP)-Verfahren im Hinblick auf fünf objektiv und sieben subjektiv gemessene Dimensionen von Kommissionierleistungen in einem Laborexperiment mit 55 Teilnehmern. Uni- und multivariate Analysen sprechen dafür, dass (1) die Kommissioniergeschwindigkeit bei PbW im Vergleich zu PbP signifikant niedriger ausfällt und (2) Fehler bei PbW nicht seltener auftreten als bei PbP. Hingegen schneidet PbW bei subjektiven Messungen von vier Reaktionsaspekten (empfundene Anforderungen, Leistungszufriedenheit, Unterstützung, Nutzerfreundlichkeit) besser ab als PbP. Aus diesem Ergebnismuster werden Schlussfolgerungen für Unternehmenspraxis und die Forschung abgeleitet.Praktische Relevanz Anstelle von herkömmlichen Kommissionierlisten auf Papier (Pick-by-Paper; PbP) testen Unternehmen in der Lagerbewirtschaftung zunehmend informationsdarstellende digitale Assistenzsysteme, da sie sich hiervon Verbesserungen von Kommissionierleistungen versprechen. Eine Variante solcher Assistenzsysteme, Pick-by-Watch (PbW), verwendet vernetzte Armbanduhren mit berührungsempfindlichen Bildschirmen (Smart Watches). Überraschenderweise mangelt es aber bislang an methodisch soliden empirischen Analysen zum Ausmaß, in dem mit PbW-Systemen tatsächlich bessere Kommissionierleistungen erzielt werden als mit papierbasierten Kommissionierlisten. Derartige Befunde sind jedoch erforderlich, um Praktiker dabei zu unterstützen, wirksamere Auswahlentscheidungen bezüglich vernetzter digitaler Assistenzsysteme in der manuellen Kommissionierung zu treffen.
Die Transgendersprechstunde – was gibt es zu beachten?
Authors: Feil Katharina , Toth Bettina 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund einer stetigen Zunahme der Personen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz bzw. dem Wunsch nach geschlechtsangleichenden Therapien ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema für alle ÄrztInnen ebenso wie für das medizinische Personal von wachsender Dringlichkeit. Die Initiierung der therapeutischen Maßnahmen sollte idealerweise in spezialisierten Zentren unter interdisziplinärer Abstimmung erfolgen, die Begleitung durch niedergelassene KollegInnen ist jedoch von ebenso großer Bedeutung. Die Therapiemöglichkeiten umfassen die gegengeschlechtliche Hormontherapie, Operationen, logopädische Betreuung und psychotherapeutische sowie psychiatrische Behandlungen. Die Betreuung von Trans*Personen sollte ein Leben lang erfolgen und auch allgemeine Vorsorgeaspekte miteinschließen.