bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actovegin® reduces PMA-induced inflammation on human cells
Authors: Reichl Franz-Xaver , Högg Christof , Liu Fangfang , Schwarz Markus , Teupser Daniel , Hickel Reinhard , Bloch Wilhelm , Schweikl Helmut , Thomas Peter , Summer Burkhard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of Actovegin® was investigated on PMA- and LPS-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods
PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/ml) from five blood donors (2 f, 3 m; 45–55 years) were grown in medium and exposed to Actovegin® in the presence or absence of PMA or LPS. Supernatants were collected to assess the concentration of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by a ROS-GloTM H2O2 assay.

Results
Stimulation of cells by PMA or LPS (without Actovegin®) significantly increased the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α from PBMCs, compared to controls. Pre-treatment of cells with Actovegin® (1, 5, 25, 125 µg/ml) plus PMA significantly decreased the secretion of IL-1beta from PBMCs, compared to controls (PMA without Actovegin®). In contrast, addition of Actovegin® (1, 5, 25, 125 and 250 µg/ml) plus LPS did not alter the IL-1beta production, compared to controls (LPS without Actovegin®). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 do not contribute to the reduction of inflammatory reactions with Actovegin®.

Conclusions
Actovegin® can reduce the PMA-induced IL-1beta release and the ROS production from PBMCs. These findings may help to explain the clinically known positive effects of Actovegin® on athletic injuries with inflammatory responses (e.g., muscle injuries, tendinopathies).
Tspan18 is a novel regulator of thrombo-inflammation
Authors: Gavin Rebecca L. , Koo Chek Ziu , Tomlinson Michael G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe interplay between thrombosis and inflammation, termed thrombo-inflammation, causes acute organ damage in diseases such as ischaemic stroke and venous thrombosis. We have recently identified tetraspanin Tspan18 as a novel regulator of thrombo-inflammation. The tetraspanins are a family of 33 membrane proteins in humans that regulate the trafficking, clustering, and membrane diffusion of specific partner proteins. Tspan18 partners with the store-operated Ca2+ entry channel Orai1 on endothelial cells. Orai1 appears to be expressed in all cells and is critical in health and disease. Orai1 mutations cause human immunodeficiency, resulting in chronic and often lethal infections, while Orai1-knockout mice die at around the time of birth. Orai1 is a promising drug target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and Orai1 inhibitors are in clinical trials. The focus of this review is our work on Tspan18 and Orai1 in Tspan18-knockout mice and Tspan18-knockdown primary human endothelial cells. Orai1 trafficking to the cell surface is partially impaired in the absence of Tspan18, resulting in impaired Ca2+ signaling and impaired release of the thrombo-inflammatory mediator von Willebrand factor following endothelial stimulation. As a consequence, Tspan18-knockout mice are protected in ischemia–reperfusion and deep vein thrombosis models. We provide new evidence that Tspan18 is relatively highly expressed in endothelial cells, through the analysis of publicly available single-cell transcriptomic data. We also present new data, showing that Tspan18 is required for normal Ca2+ signaling in platelets, but the functional consequences are subtle and restricted to mildly defective platelet aggregation and spreading induced by the platelet collagen receptor GPVI. Finally, we generate structural models of human Tspan18 and Orai1 and hypothesize that Tspan18 regulates Orai1 Ca2+ channel function at the cell surface by promoting its clustering.
Detection of miR-155-5p and imaging lung cancer for early diagnosis: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zhu Hai-Zhen , Fang Chun-Ju , Guo Yi , Zhang Qi , Huang Li-Min , Qiu Dong , Chen Guang-Peng , Pang Xiu-Feng , Hu Jian-Jun , Sun Jian-Guo , Chen Zheng-Tang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Currently, the routine screening program has insufficient capacity for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Therefore, a type of chitosan-molecular beacon (CS-MB) probe was developed to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells for the early diagnosis.

Methods
Based on the molecular beacon (MB) technology and nanotechnology, the CS-MB probe was synthesized self-assembly. There are four types of cells—three kinds of animal models and one type of histopathological sections of human lung cancer were utilized as models, including A549, SPC-A1, H446 lung cancer cells, tumor-initiating cells (TICs), subcutaneous and lung xenografts mice, and lox-stop-lox(LSL) K-ras G12D transgenic mice. The transgenic mice dynamically displayed the process from normal lung tissues to atypical hyperplasia, adenoma, carcinoma in situ, and adenocarcinoma. The different miR-155-5p expression levels in these cells and models were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The CS-MB probe was used to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells by confocal microscopy in vitro and by living imaging system in vivo.

Results
The CS-MB probe could be used to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells significantly in these cells and models. The fluorescence intensity trends detected by the CS-MB probe were similar to the expression levels trends of miR-155 tested by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity showed an increasing trend with the tumor progression in the transgenic mice model, and the occurrence and development of lung cancer were dynamically monitored by the differen fluorescence intensity. In addition, the miR-155-5p in human lung cancer tissues could be detected by the miR-155-5p MB.

Conclusion
Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the CS-MB probe could be utilized to recognize the miR-155-5p and image the lung cancer cells. It provided a novel experimental and theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of the disease. Also, the histopathological sections of human lung cancer research laid the foundation for subsequent preclinical studies. In addition, different MBs could be designed to detect other miRNAs for the early diagnosis of other tumors.
Treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome in dense deposit disease: complement-mediated glomerular capillary wall injury?
Authors: Duineveld Caroline , Steenbergen Eric J. , Bomback Andrew S. , van de Kar Nicole C. A. J. , Wetzels Jack F. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The C3 glomerulopathies (C3G) are recently defined glomerular diseases, attributed to abnormal complement regulation. Dense deposit disease (DDD) is part of the spectrum of C3G, characterized by electron-dense deposits in the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane. Patients with DDD present with hematuria, variable degrees of proteinuria, and kidney dysfunction. Kidney biopsies typically disclose proliferative and inflammatory patterns of injury. Treatment with glucocorticoids and mycophenolate mofetil has been shown to achieve remission of proteinuria in a significant proportion of C3G patients.

Case-diagnosis/treatment
We report two patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome while on immunosuppressive therapy. Repeat kidney biopsies disclosed massive C3 deposits with foot process effacement in the absence of proliferative or inflammatory lesions on light microscopy.

Conclusion
These cases, coupled with data from animal models of disease and the variable response to eculizumab in C3G patients, illustrate that two different pathways might be involved in the development of kidney injury in C3G: a C5-independent pathway leading to glomerular capillary wall injury and the development of proteinuria versus a C5-dependent pathway that causes proliferative glomerulonephritis and kidney dysfunction.
Sliding on wet sand
Authors: Liefferink Rinse W. , Aliasgari Mojgan , Maleki-Jirsaraei Nahid , Rouhani Shahin , Bonn Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present sliding experiments of a sledge on wetted sand and describe that the frictional response is controlled by the penetration hardness of the granular medium. Adding a small amount of water to sand increases the hardness which results in a decrease of the sliding friction. Pouring even more water to sand results in a decrease of the hardness and a subsequent increase of the friction. This inverse correlation between hardness of a wetted granular material and its frictional response to sliding is found to be due to ploughing of the sledge. When the load of the sledge exceeds the penetration hardness of the water-sand mixture the granular material is irreversibly deformed, which is evident by a trace of the slider left after its passage. The penetration hardness sets how deep the trace of the slider is which, in turn, controls the ploughing force. Consequently, increasing the hardness of the water-sand mixtures makes pulling a sledge over it easier. In addition, we quantify the critical shear strain which sets the transition of an elastic to plastic response of (wet) granular materials which enables us to directly relate the shear modulus, in the elastic regime, to the hardness, in the plastic regime.
Graphic abstract
Modelling seawater intrusion in the Pingtung coastal aquifer in Taiwan, under the influence of sea-level rise and changing abstraction regime
Authors: Dibaj Mahdieh , Javadi Akbar A. , Akrami Mohammad , Ke Kai-Yuan , Farmani Raziyeh , Tan Yih-Chi , Chen Albert S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA three-dimensional variable-density finite element model was developed to study the combined effects of overabstraction and seawater intrusion in the Pingtung Plain coastal aquifer system in Taiwan. The model was generated in different layers to represent the three aquifers and two aquitards. Twenty-five multilayer pumping wells were assigned to abstract the groundwater, in addition to 95 observation wells to monitor the groundwater level. The analysis was carried out for a period of 8 years (2008–2015 inclusive). Hydraulic head, soil permeability, and precipitation were assigned as input data together with the pumping records in different layers of the aquifer. The developed numerical model was calibrated against the observed head archives and the calibrated model was used to predict the inland encroachment of seawater in different layers of the aquifer. The effects of pumping rate, sea-level rise, and relocation of wells on seawater intrusion were examined. The results show that all layers of the aquifer system are affected by seawater intrusion; however, the lengths of inland encroachment in the top and bottom aquifers are greater compared with the middle layer. This is the first large-scale finite-element model of the Pingtung Plain, which can be used by decision-makers for sustainable management of groundwater resources and cognizance of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers.
Wage response to global production links: evidence for workers from 28 European countries (2005–2014)
Authors: Parteka Aleksandra , Wolszczak-Derlacz Joanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing rich individual level data on workers from 28 European countries, this study provides the first so extensive cross-country assessment of wage response to global production links within GVC in the period 2005–2014. Unlike the other studies, the authors (i) address the importance of backward linkages in globally integrated production structures (capturing imports of goods and services neededin anystage of the production of the final product); (ii) measure occupational task profile of workers with country-specific indices of routinisation; (iii) compare the impact of global production links on wages between workers from Western, Central-Eastern and Southern Europe; employed in manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors; (iv) account for direct and indirect dependence on GVC imports from developing and high income countries. The study takes into account the potential endogeneity issues. The results suggest that global import intensity of production exhibits negative pressure on wages in Europe. This effect concerns mainly workers from Western Europe employed in manufacturing and is driven by production links with non-high income countries but our counterfactual estimates suggest that the effect is economically small.
An exploratory study of benthic diatom communities in stormwater ponds of different land uses and varying biocide contamination
Authors: Minelgaite Greta , van Alst Nikki , Stephansen Diana Agnete , Bollmann Ulla Elisabeth , Bester Kai , Fejerskov Morten Lauge , Nielsen Asbjørn Haaning , Vollertsen Jes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStormwater retention ponds receive a variety of urban and highway pollutants that may have adverse effects on water-dwelling organisms. In this exploratory study, the benthic diatom community composition at genus level of nine such ponds servicing highway, residential, industrial, and mixed industrial/residential catchments was examined. Thirteen biocides were measured in the pond water as one of the possible explanatory factors for diatom taxonomic variability. The uppermost 1 cm of sediment was sampled, and a total of 50 diatom genera were identified. Moderate to high similarities were found among the diatom communities of the ponds. Two genera, namely Navicula and Nitzschia, were the most abundant and accounted for 19–47% of the relative abundance in the ponds. Estimated relative abundances of diatom genera and measured biocide concentrations in the ponds were grouped according to land use. Highway ponds were found to be significantly different from ponds servicing residential and industrial catchments, while no significant differences were found between residential and industrial ponds. The presence of biocides alone could not explain diatom taxonomic variability, although some evidence was found that communities differed depending on the catchment type of the ponds. The results of this exploratory study are an important contribution to future works investigating stormwater diatom communities, where combined effects of biocides and other stormwater contaminants and community stressors, e.g., metals, PAHs, road salt, should be explicitly looked at.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in ATLAS and FLAIR Participants on Long-Acting Regimens of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Over 48 Weeks
Authors: Murray Miranda , Antela Antonio , Mills Anthony , Huang Jenny , Jäger Hans , Bernal Enrique , Lombaard Johan , Katner Harold , Walmsley Sharon , Khuong-Josses Marie-Aude , Hudson Krischan , Dorey David , Griffith Sandy , Spreen William , Vanveggel Simon , Shaefer Mark , Margolis David , Chounta Vasiliki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe phase 3 ATLAS and FLAIR studies demonstrated that maintenance with Long-Acting (LA) intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine is non-inferior in efficacy to current antiretroviral (CAR) oral therapy. Both studies utilized Patient-Reported Outcome instruments to measure treatment satisfaction (HIVTSQ) and acceptance (ACCEPT general domain), health status (SF-12), injection tolerability/acceptance (PIN), and treatment preference. In pooled analyses, LA-treated patients (n = 591) demonstrated greater mean improvements from baseline than the CAR group (n = 591) in treatment satisfaction (Week 44, + 3.9 vs. +0.5 HIVTSQs-points;p < 0.001) and acceptance (Week 48, +8.8 vs. +2.0 ACCEPT-points;p < 0.001). The acceptability of injection site reactions (PIN) significantly improved from week 5 (2.10 points) to week 48 (1.62 points;p < 0.001). In both studies, ≥ 97% of LA group participants with recorded data preferred LA treatment compared with prior oral therapy. These results further support the potential of a monthly injectable option for people living with HIV seeking an alternative to daily oral treatment.
“Those are Your Words, Not Mine!” Defence Strategies for Denying Speaker Commitment
Authors: Boogaart Ronny , Jansen Henrike , van Leeuwen Maarten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn response to an accusation of having said something inappropriate, the accused may exploit the difference between the explicit contents of their utterance and its implicatures. Widely discussed in the pragmatics literature are those cases in which arguers accept accountability only for the explicit contents of what they said while denying commitment to the (alleged) implicature (“Those are your words, not mine!”). In this paper, we sketch a fuller picture of commitment denial. We do so, first, by including in our discussion not just denial of implicatures, but also the mirror strategy of denying commitment to literal meaning (e.g. “I was being ironic!”) and, second, by classifying strategies for commitment denial in terms of classical rhetorical status theory (distinguishing between denial, redefinition, an appeal to ‘external circumstances’ or to a ‘wrong judge’). In addition to providing a systematic categorization of our data, this approach offers some clues to determine when such a defence strategy is a reasonable one and when it is not.
Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat the age-related loss of muscle mass and function
Authors: Thoma Anastasia , Akter-Miah Tania , Reade Rebecca L. , Lightfoot Adam P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe loss of muscle mass and function with age, termed sarcopenia, is an inevitable process, which has a significant impact on quality of life. During ageing we observe a progressive loss of total muscle fibres and a reduction in cross-sectional area of the remaining fibres, resulting in a significant reduction in force output. The mechanisms which underpin sarcopenia are complex and poorly understood, ranging from inflammation, dysregulation of protein metabolism and denervation. However, there is significant evidence to demonstrate that modified ROS generation, redox dis-homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction may have an important role to play. Based on this, significant interest and research has interrogated potential ROS-targeted therapies, ranging from nutritional-based interventions such as vitamin E/C, polyphenols (resveratrol) and targeted pharmacological compounds, using molecules such as SS-31 and MitoQ. In this review we evaluate these approaches to target aberrant age-related ROS generation and the impact on muscle mass and function.
The Role of Risk Climate and Ethical Self-interest Climate in Predicting Unethical Pro-organisational Behaviour
Authors: Sheedy Elizabeth , Garcia Patrick , Jepsen Denise 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnethical pro-organisational behaviour (UPB) is an ongoing concern, prompting the need for more nuanced understanding of the workplace environment most likely to inhibit it. This study considers the role of risk climate, sometimes referred to as risk culture, as well as ethical climate, for reducing UPB. The study investigates whether four risk climate factors (avoidance, valued, proactive and manager) can, by focusing on the long-term consequences of UPB to the organisation, and providing guidance on behavioural norms, reduce UPB misconduct. Surveying employees in three financial institutions we found that only one of the risk climate factors, avoidance, is consistently associated with UPB. On the other hand, a self-interested, (un)ethical climate significantly increases UPB in all samples. In multi-climate analysis, we found that risk climate factors interacted with ethical climate to predict UPB. That is, when employees perceive that the workplace ethos is not self-interested, three factors of risk climate—avoidance, proactive and manager—significantly predict UPB. UPB is least likely when self-interest is low, avoidance risk climate is low, proactive risk climate is high and manager risk climate is high. Implications for leaders are discussed.
Quantifying the potential scale of mitigation deterrence from greenhouse gas removal techniques
Authors: McLaren Duncan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGreenhouse gas removal (GGR) techniques appear to offer hopes of balancing limited global carbon budgets by removing substantial amounts of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere later this century. This hope rests on an assumption that GGR will largely supplement emissions reduction. The paper reviews the expectations of GGR implied by integrated assessment modelling, categorizes ways in which delivery or promises of GGR might instead deter or delay emissions reduction, and offers a preliminary estimate of the possible extent of three such forms of ‘mitigation deterrence’. Type 1 is described as ‘substitution and failure’: an estimated 50–229 Gt-C (or 70% of expected GGR) may substitute for emissions otherwise reduced, yet may not be delivered (as a result of political, economic or technical shortcomings, or subsequent leakage or diversion of captured carbon into short-term utilization). Type 2, described as ‘rebounds’, encompasses rebounds, multipliers, and side-effects, such as those arising from land-use change, or use of captured CO2in enhanced oil recovery. A partial estimate suggests that this could add 25–134 Gt-C to unabated emissions. Type 3, described as ‘imagined offsets’, is estimated to affect 17–27% of the emissions reductions required, reducing abatement by a further 182–297 Gt-C. The combined effect of these unanticipated net additions of CO2to the atmosphere is equivalent to an additional temperature rise of up to 1.4 °C. The paper concludes that such a risk merits further deeper analysis and serious consideration of measures which might limit the occurrence and extent of mitigation deterrence.
From historical backgrounds towards the functional classification of river phytoplankton sensu Colin S. Reynolds: what future merits the approach may hold?
Authors: Abonyi Andras , Descy Jean-Pierre , Borics Gábor , Smeti Evangelia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRiver phytoplankton has been studied to understand its occurrence and composition since the end of the nineteenth century. Later, pioneers addressed mechanisms that affected river phytoplankton by “origin of plankton”, “turbulent mixing”, “flow heterogeneity”, “paradox of potamoplankton maintenance” and “dead zones” as keywords along the twentieth century. A major shift came with the recognition that characteristic units in phytoplankton compositions could be linked to specific set of environmental conditions, known as the “Phytoplankton Functional Group concept” sensu Reynolds. The FG concept could successfully be applied to river phytoplankton due to its close resemblance to shallow lakes phytoplankton. The FG approach enables one to separate the effects of “natural constraints” and “human impacts” on river phytoplankton and to evaluate the ecological status of rivers. The FG classification has mainly been advocated in the context of how the environment shaped the functional composition of phytoplankton. It may be further developed in the future by a trait-based mechanistic classification of taxa into FGs, and by the exact quantification of FGs on ecosystem functioning. These improvements will help quantify how global warming and human impacts affect river phytoplankton and corresponding alterations in ecosystem functioning.