bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La communication médecin-patient et le système de santé Brésilien: Auto-ethnographie de l’expérience d’un étudiant Haitien en médecine
Authors: Civil Richardson Yonel , Cutolo Luiz Roberto Agea , Grosseman Suely , Monace Jhon-Kelly 
Published: December 2024

L'histoire migratoire du Brésil, de la colonisation portugaise aux flux récents de migrants en provenance d'Haïti, du Venezuela, de Colombie, du Sénégal, du Congo et d'Angola, enrichit sa diversité ethnique et culturelle, forgeant ainsi son identité. Cependant, malgré les garanties constitutionnelles, les immigrés peinent à s'intégrer, faute de préparation de l'État. L'expérience de l'auteur correspondant en tant qu'immigré haïtien, étudiant en médecine et interprète, révèle les défis communicationnels et culturels entre professionnels de santé brésiliens et immigrés. Par conséquent, ce travail a pour objectif d'examiner les barrières qui entravent la communication entre les professionnels de santé et les immigrés haïtiens, en partant de l'hypothèse que ces barrières vont au-delà des difficultés linguistiques. Par une approche qualitative, auto-ethnographique, l'auteur a d'abord mené des entretiens à domicile auprès de quatre immigrés haïtiens majeurs usagers du Sistema Único de Saúde - Système Unique de Santé (SUS), dans leur langue maternelle (le Créole), qu'il a ensuite transcrits, traduits en portugais et archivés électroniquement. Avant cela, les participants ont signé le Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido - Terme du Consentement Libre et Éclairé (TCLE). Le projet a reçu l'approbation du Comité d'Éthique de l’Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina sous le numéro 6.021.998. Les résultats ont encouragé l’auteur correspondant à illustrer son expérience lorsqu’il était étudiant en médecine et traducteur-interprète, mettant en lumière les obstacles rencontrés dans l'accès aux soins de santé, notamment le manque de services linguistiques et de formation en compétence interculturelle pour les professionnels de santé. L'étude recommande de développer la littératie en santé et d'améliorer les politiques publiques, incluant des programmes de formation des médiateurs interculturels afin de préparer le système de santé à offrir des soins inclusifs et adaptés aux différences culturelles.
Infants born during COVID-19 pandemic experience increased susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Lachover-Roth Idit , Cohen-Engler Anat , Furman Yael , Rosman Yossi , Meir-Shafrir Keren , Mozer-Mandel Michal , Farladansky-Gershnabel Sivan , Biron-Shental Tal , Confino-Cohen Ronit 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAsthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy are type 2 inflammation diseases. Since the 1960s, the prevalence of those diseases has steadily increased, presumably due to the “Hygiene hypothesis” which suggests that early exposure of infants to pathogens, siblings, and environmental dust, has a protective effect against the development of allergic diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic increased environmental hygiene due to lockdowns, masks, and social distancing.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of allergic diseases among children born before and during the pandemic.MethodsThe Cow's Milk Early Exposure Trial prospectively followed newborns until 12-months of age using monthly survey and examined milk allergy development. Some were born before the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel (April 2018–March 2020), and some were born during the pandemic (March 2020–May 2021). The monthly surveys included questions regarding atopic comorbidities.ResultsA total of 1,989 infants completed 12-months of follow-up. Among them, 1,086(54.5%) were diagnosed with at least one atopic disease. Among 235 infants born after the last lockdown, 162 were diagnosed with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)(68.9%), significantly more than in any other group. No other significant differences were found between the study groups.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the development of atopic comorbidities between infants born before and during the pandemic. Significantly more infants who were born after restrictions were eased were diagnosed AHR. A longer follow-up period is needed to obtain a better understanding of the influence of the COVID-19 restrictions on the development of atopic comorbidities.
Clinical Trial RegistryNIH Clinical Trials Registry: NCT02785679.
How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ahmed Ali , Watterson Craig , Alhashmi Saadat , Gaber Tarek 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDistance learning has seen a significant increase as educational institutions have shifted toward offering online courses. Although some institutions quickly adapted, many struggled to modify traditional materials for online learners. Time was crucial for institutions lacking experience in remote teaching. Designing engaging online cybersecurity modules for diverse students is a major challenge. With the growing popularity of online courses, it is necessary to examine the teaching methods used. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the current state of online cybersecurity education at universities. Using the PRISMA approach, the study identifies prevalent themes and addresses key research questions. This study aims to analyze academic articles to highlight key findings on how universities teach cybersecurity courses online.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review of scholarly articles, adhering to the PRISMA approach for the period from January 2010 to August 2024. PRISMA offers a structured approach to planning, executing, and reporting systematic reviews in various fields, including healthcare and social sciences.ResultsThe review revealed several key findings on the design of online cybersecurity courses. Learner-centered approaches were commonly used, featuring active learning and practical applications. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which promoted student engagement and critical thinking. Universities emphasize practical skills evaluation and knowledge acquisition through project-based assessments. The role of IT tools was highlighted, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulations providing hands-on experiences, enhancing motivation, and facilitating active learning.DiscussionThis systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current online cybersecurity education practices in online universities. As a pioneering effort, it offers educators and curriculum developers valuable insight into designing effective online cybersecurity programmes to enhance teaching and learning practices. The review of online cybersecurity education highlighted several key findings. Learner-centered approaches, which incorporate active learning practices and practical applications, were prevalent. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which fostered student engagement and critical thinking. Assessments focused on the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, using project-based tasks, practical exercises, and online quizzes. IT tools played a significant role, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulation environments that enhanced hands-on experiences, motivation, and active learning.
Whether hysteroscopy improves fertility outcomes in infertile women: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Yidi , Tang Zunhao , Wang Chanchan , Teng Xiuxiang , He Junqin 
Published: December 2024

PurposeInfertility is affecting more and more couples of appropriate age. Hysteroscopy (HSC) has certain effects on the uncompleted pregnancy and live birth caused by uterine microenvironment. Based on the evidence, this paper systematically evaluates the effectiveness and safety of HSC intervention on the fertility outcome of female infertility.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTS) of hysteroscopy intervention in female infertility were included in the literature database. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to December 10, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis to study the effects of HSC on clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and abortion rate.ResultsA total of 14 RCTS were included. Five studies evaluated the effect of HSC on live birth rate, and HSC had an overall positive effect on live birth rate. Fourteen studies evaluated the effect of HSC on clinical pregnancy rates, and preoperative HSC was associated with significant improvements in pregnancy rates for both first-time IVF/ICSI patients and repeat IVF/ICSI patients. Eight studies showed no significant difference in the effect of HSC on miscarriage rates.ConclusionAs a visual examination/treatment technique, HSC can improve the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in most studies, while the risk of abortion is within the acceptable range, and can be used as a recommended examination method for infertile women.
Fatal outcome related to drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a disproportionality analysis of FAERS database and a systematic review of cases
Authors: Liang Chunsu , An Pengjiao , Zhang Yizhou , Liu Xin , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundDrug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction.ObjectiveThis study aims to study fatal DRESS cases using FAERS database and systematic review.MethodsData of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database were extracted and manipulated. Articles from Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL databases were screened.Results0.13% of the adverse events submitted to FAERS was identified as DRESS and the percentage of fatal cases was up to 6.62%. The top five drugs calculated to induce DRESS with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, lamotrigine, vancomycin, amoxicillin and carbamazepine. The top five drugs statistically related to fatal outcome with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, vancomycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and lamotrigine. Skin manifestations remained the main reason for admission and the average time from dose to rash onset was 27.19 days. The most commonly cited culprit medication type were antibiotics (50.00%), anti-gout agents (15.38%) and anti-epileptic drug (11.54%).ConclusionsWe discussed fatal cases of DRESS through FAERS system and case reports, hoping to raise awareness when using relevant drugs.
How does head position affect laryngeal vision with a video laryngeal mask airway?
Authors: Castillo-Monzón Caridad G. , Marroquín-Valz Hugo Antonio , Gaszynski Tomasz , Cayuela Manuel , Orozco Javier , Ratajczyk Pawel 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe Laryngeal Mask Airway Vision Mask (LMA VM) is a supraglottic airway device (SAD) with a vision guidance system. The ideal head and neck position for direct laryngoscopy is known, but the ideal position for placing a LMA is not. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the optimal position for placement of a video laryngeal mask airway.MethodsThis prospective, observational, transversal, and analytical study was performed in 72 consecutive patients. In the same patient, laryngeal vision was first assessed with the head and neck in the sniffing position and then with the head in the neutral position. Procedures were performed by the same investigator. The assessment of the laryngeal view was performed using two classifications: Cormack–Lehane classification and Brimacombe classification. The placement of the device was considered adequate when the Cormack–Lehane rating was between 1 and 2 and the Brimacombe rating between 2 and 4.ResultsIn this study, 72 patients participated. In the assessment of the glottis using the Cormack-Lehane classification for fibre-optic view, laryngeal visibility was adequate in 64 (88.89%) patients in the neutral position and in 65 (90, 28%) patients in the sniffing position (p &gt; 0.05). In the fibre-optic view of the glottis, evaluated using the Brimacombe classification, laryngeal visibility was adequate in 68 (93%) patients in the neutral position and in 69 (95%) patients in the sniffing position (p &gt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of success between the sniffing position (70 patients, 97.22% success rate) and the neutral position (67 patients, 93.06% success rate) during the first insertion attempt. Two patients required a second attempt in the sniffing position, while five patients required a second attempt in the neutral position.ConclusionAn adequate sniffing position did not result in a better glottic view than the neutral position. Additional manoeuvres were equal in both positions. The head–neck position does not influence on the placement of a third-generation SAD.
Exploring the causal relationship of gut microbiota in nonunion: a Mendelian randomization analysis mediated by immune cell
Authors: Yu Yun-fei , Gong Hai-Feng , Li Wei-Ju , Wu Mao , Hu Gang 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundEmerging research indicates that gut microbiota (GM) are pivotal in the regulation of immune-mediated bone diseases. Nonunion, a bone metabolic disorder, has an unclear causal relationship with GM and immune cells. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between GM and nonunion using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and to explore the mediating role of immune cells.MethodsUsing a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, this study explores the causal link between GM and nonunion, as well as the mediating role of immune cells in this relationship. Data were sourced from multiple cohorts and consortiums, including the MiBioGen consortium. GM data were derived from a recently published dataset of 473 gut microbiota, and nonunion data were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).ResultsMR analysis identified 12 bacterial genera with protective effects against nonunion and seven bacterial genera associated with a higher risk of nonunion, including Agathobacter sp000434275, Aureimonas, Clostridium M, Lachnospirales, Megamonas funiformis, and Peptoccia. Reverse MR analysis indicated that nonunion does not influence GM. Additionally, MR analysis identified 12 immune cell types positively associated with nonunion and 14 immune cell types negatively associated with nonunion. Building on these findings, we conducted mediation MR analysis to identify 24 crucial GM and immune cell-mediated relationships affecting nonunion. Notably, Campylobacter D, Megamonas funiformis, Agathobacter sp000434275, Lachnospirales, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, and Clostridium M significantly regulated nonunion through multiple immune cell characteristics.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our research results are the first to emphasize a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and nonunion, potentially mediated by immune cells. The correlations and mediation effects identified in our study provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, informing global action plans.
Regulation of intestinal flora by Suaeda salsa extract ameliorates hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Sui Yinzi , Chu Zhengyan , Han Suqing , Ge Xiaodong , Liu Tingting , Zeng Feng , Chen Ligen , Shao Rong , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often leads to elevated blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism disorder, which is generally accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic dysfunction.MethodsIn this study, a mouse model of T2DM was established by feeding a high-fat/sucrose diet combined with injecting a low dose of streptozotocin. The aim of this study was to analyze the regulatory effect of Suaeda salsa extract (SSE) on T2DM and its effect on the intestinal flora of mice.ResultsThe results showed that SSE could significantly improve the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and islet function index. Moreover, 4-week body weight, FBG, AUC of OGTT, GSP, as well as intestinal acetic and butyric acid were significantly better in the SSE-L than in the MET group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, it was also found that the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of SSE was related to the expression of Akt serine/threonine kinase (AKT-1) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) genes. Compared with the model group, SSE intervention significantly increased the abundance of probiotics, such as Soleaferrea, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus and Faecalibaculum, while decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Phocaeicola and Bilophila. Analysis of the correlation among intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the hypoglycemic index showed that Dwaynesavagella was significantly correlated with acetic, propionic and butyric acid, as well as all the diabetes-related indexes analyzed in this study.DiscussionThus, this taxon can potentially be used as a microbiological marker of type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SSE can alleviate T2DM and its complications by improving glycemia-related indicators and modulating the structure of intestinal flora.
Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice by modulating cholesterol metabolism through SREBP2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Xing Jingci , Du Zhiyong , Li Fan , Wang Yu , Zhang Zihan , Gao Xiaoqian , Han Lijie , Sun Xuechun , Sun Haili , Du Yunhui , Hu Chaowei , Yu Huahui , Qin Yanwen 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates atherosclerotic development and is an independent modifiable risk factor for ASCVD. Reducing cholesterol levels is effective in preventing ASCVD. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an endogenous molecule that plays a primary role in energy metabolism; however, its effect on cholesterol metabolism remains unclear.MethodsWe collected plasma samples and clinical data from 494 individuals with hyperlipidemia. Targeted metabolomics were used to measure plasma ALC levels and explore the association of ALC with clinical cholesterol levels. Additionally, we explored the effects of ALC in cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolism in a murine hypercholesterolemia model. An LDLR−/− mouse-based atherosclerotic model was established to investigate the roles of ALC on atherosclerotic progression.ResultsPlasma ALC concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels (r = −0.43, p &lt; 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; r = −0.53, p &lt; 0.0001). Incorporating ALC into the diet significantly reduced plasma TC and LDL-C levels, downregulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, and upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor expression. ALC supplementation substantially lowered plasma TC levels and inhibited atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice.ConclusionALC reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation by lowering plasma cholesterol levels via suppression of SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis, thus suggesting that ALC is a potential therapeutic target for ASCVD.
An analysis of the global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer attributable to high BMI in 204 countries and territories: 1990–2021
Authors: Hu Zhuowen , Wang Xue , Zhang Xin , Sun Wuping , Mao Jun 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundGallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBTCs) are aggressive with poor prognosis, often undetected until advanced stages. High Body Mass Index (BMI) is a significant risk factor, contributing substantially to GBTC mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). This study aimed to quantify the global burdens of GBTCs attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021, thereby developing more rational prevention and treatment strategies for GBTC.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. Age-standardized rates of mortality (ASMR), and DALYs (ASDR) for GBTCs due to high BMI were calculated by years, genders, ages, geographical locations, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends from 1990 to 2021. Decomposition and frontier analyses were conducted to understand the driving forces behind burden changes and to identify top-performing countries. Inequality analysis was conducted to assess burden disparities across different SDI levels. The disease burden was forecasted through 2035 using the Bayesian age period cohort (BAPC) model.ResultsGlobally, ASMR and ASDR for GBTCs related to high BMI decreased from 1990 to 2021; however, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs cases more than doubled, and similar patterns are projected to continue over the next 14 years in the absence of intervention. High SDI regions showed higher burdens due to higher obesity rates, population growth, and aging, while low SDI regions faced higher EAPCs due to limited resources. Moreover, this inequality has become more significant. Females were more susceptible across all age groups. Notable variations in burden management were observed among countries, with some low SDI nations demonstrating superior performance to high SDI countries.ConclusionDespite the decline in rates, the burden of GBTCs attributable to high BMI remains substantial, underscoring the need for targeted prevention strategies for high BMI, particularly in high SDI regions. Gender and age disparities necessitate tailored health interventions.
Age-related characteristics of sedation in pediatric patients and their correlated adverse events: a cohort study
Authors: Nong Xiaoling , Lu Yixing , Jiang Wenqing , Qin Yanlv , Jing Shunzhong , Chi Tao , Peng Wei , Liu Siyan , Lin Yunan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this research was to examine the features and potential hazards of sedation in children of varying ages. Additionally, the study aimed to comprehend these variations to enhance the safety and efficacy of clinical applications.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on case data involving pediatric patients who underwent imaging procedures in outpatient settings and necessitated procedural sedation from 2022 to 2024. The research participants were categorized into three age groups: ≤1 year, 1–3 years, and 3–12 years. The primary sedative agents administered were oral midazolam in conjunction with intranasal dexmedetomidine. We examined the effects of sedation and the occurrence of adverse events across various age groups. Additionally, we applied multivariate logistic regression to identify factors linked to these adverse events.ResultsThe study observed 2,194 children, with 879 (40.1%) being ≤1-year-old. The ≤1-year-old group achieved faster sleep onset at 18.7 ± 0.3 min, with no significant variance in awakening time and length of stay among the groups. The incidence of adverse events varied significantly by age, with the highest rate of 12.2% in the ≤1-year-old group and the lowest rate of 9.7% in the 3–12-year-old group. Multivariate analysis revealed age as an independent factor affecting adverse event occurrence, with a relative risk ratio (AOR) of 2.21 (95% CI: 1.31–3.75) for delayed awakening in children ≤1-year-old, 15.03 (95% CI: 1.92–117.61) for hypoglycemia, and a relative risk ratio (AOR) of 4.58 (95% CI: 2.22–9.42) for receiving a significant intervention.ConclusionsSignificant variations in sedation reactions and adverse events were observed across the different age groups. Specifically, children aged ≤1 year exhibited a higher susceptibility to adverse events such as delayed awakening and hypoglycemia.
Clinical Trial Registrationchictr.org.cn identifier (ChiCTR2400082774).