bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence, genotype distribution of human papillomavirus and cervical cytology in Wenzhou, China: a retrospective research of 7391 cases
Authors: Lin Qiongqiong , Lin Xiangjie , Zhuang Xiaoping , Tang Yibing , Zhao Zhiguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main pathogen of precancerous transformation and finally progress to cervical cancer. It associated with cervical squamous and glandular lesions. However, the genotype distribution of HPV and the relationship between HPV infection and cervical disease are still remind unclear.Material and methodsA total of 7391 abnormal cervical cytology cases with detailed histological reports and HPV genotypes were collected. The prevalence of HPV infection in squamous epithelial lesions and glandular epithelial lesions were statistically analyzed.ResultAround 6958 cytological squamous epithelial lesions and 433 glandular epithelial lesions were enrolled. 79.72% of cytological squamous epithelial lesions and 26.56% of glandular epithelial lesions were HPV infected. The HPV infection rates in squamous cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma were 66.67%, 54.17% and 19.72%, respectively. HVP16, 18 and 58 are the most common types in squamous and glandular epithelial lesions. Among the squamous epithelial lesions, women less than 25 years old had the highest HPV infection rate, and majority of multiple infections was found in women >55 years old. The total infection rate of HPV in glandular epithelial lesions was the highest in the 35 to 45 group. Multiple infections peaked in women around 55 years old.ConclusionThe prevalence of HPV infection is divergent in different types of cervical cancer. The HPV infections in cervical squamous epithelial lesions tended to be younger. HPV detection is one of the necessary tests for cervical disease screening and should be individualized in an age manner.
Toward reliable habitat suitability and accessibility models in an era of multiple environmental stressors
Authors: De Kort Hanne , Baguette Michel , Lenoir Jonathan , Stevens Virginie M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal biodiversity declines, largely driven by climate and land‐use changes, urge the development of transparent guidelines for effective conservation strategies. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a widely used approach for predicting potential shifts in species distributions, which can in turn support ecological conservation where environmental change is expected to impact population and community dynamics. Improvements in SDM accuracy through incorporating intra‐ and interspecific processes have boosted the SDM field forward, but simultaneously urge harmonizing the vast array of SDM approaches into an overarching, widely adoptable, and scientifically justified SDM framework. In this review, we first discuss how climate warming and land‐use change interact to govern population dynamics and species’ distributions, depending on species’ dispersal and evolutionary abilities. We particularly emphasize that both land‐use and climate change can reduce the accessibility to suitable habitat for many species, rendering the ability of species to colonize new habitat and to exchange genetic variation a crucial yet poorly implemented component of SDM. We then unite existing methodological SDM practices that aim to increase model accuracy through accounting for multiple global change stressors, dispersal, or evolution, while shifting our focus to model feasibility. We finally propose a roadmap harmonizing model accuracy and feasibility, applicable to both common and rare species, particularly those with poor dispersal abilities. This roadmap (a) paves the way for an overarching SDM framework allowing comparison and synthesis of different SDM studies and (b) could advance SDM to a level that allows systematic integration of SDM outcomes into effective conservation plans.
The prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of tricuspid regurgitation in stage B and C heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ren Qing‐wen , Li Xin‐li , Fang Johnathan , Chen Yan , Wu Mei‐Zhen , Yu Yu‐Juan , Liao Shen‐gen , Tse Hung‐Fat , Yiu Kai‐Hang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have demonstrated that moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with adverse outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Little is known about the prevalence and prognostic value of TR in patients of stage B HF and those with stage C HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognosis of TR in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsFrom 2013 to 2017, 2014 patients with stage B (n = 1341) or C (n = 673) HFpEF were enrolled in the study. Detailed transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, and the severity of TR was graded as no, mild, moderate, and severe. The mean age of the study population was 66.7 ± 14.1 years old, and 46% were men. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 62.2 ± 5.5%. The prevalence of moderate/severe TR increased from stage B to C HF (8% to 16%, respectively, P < 0.01). Older age, hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular mass, and right ventricular systolic pressure were independently associated with moderate/severe TR (P < 0.05 for all). With a median follow‐up of 3.8 (2.9–4.7) years, 346 patients died and 234 developed HF requiring hospitalization. Kaplan–Meier curve revealed that the presence of moderate/severe TR was associated with all‐cause mortality, HF requiring hospitalization and cardiovascular death (log‐rank test P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that moderate (hazard ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.2; P < 0.05) and severe TR (hazard ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–3.3; P < 0.01) were independently associated with mortality, HF requiring hospitalization and cardiovascular death.ConclusionsThe presence of moderate/severe TR is not uncommon in patients with stage B HF and stage C HFpEF. Importantly, moderate/severe TR was independently associated with mortality and HF requiring hospitalization.
Comparison of different prediction models for the indication of implanted cardioverter defibrillator in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Aquaro Giovanni Donato , De Luca Antonio , Cappelletto Chiara , Raimondi Francesca , Bianco Francesco , Botto Nicoletta , Barison Andrea , Romani Simona , Lesizza Pierluigi , Fabris Enrico , Todiere Giancarlo , Grigoratos Crysanthos , Pingitore Alessandro , Stolfo Davide , Dal Ferro Matteo , Merlo Marco , Di Bella Gianluca , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Three different prediction models for the indication of implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are now available: the 5 year ARVC risk score, the International Task Force Consensus (ITFC) criteria, and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) criteria. We compared these three prediction models in a validation cohort of patients with definite ARVC.Methods and resultsIn a cohort of 140 patients with definite ARVC, the 5 year ARVC risk score and the ITFC and HRS criteria were compared for the prediction of a major combined endpoint of sudden cardiac death, appropriate ICD intervention, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and sustained ventricular tachycardia. During the follow‐up, 65 major events occurred. The 5 year ARVC risk score with a threshold >10%, derived from the maximally selected rank statistic, predicted 62 (95%) events [odds ratio (OR) 9.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–32, P = 0.0006], the ITFC criteria 53 (81%, OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.2–10.3, P = 0.0001), and the HRS criteria 29 (45%, OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.3, P = 0.0003). At the analysis of decision curve for ICD implantation, a 5 year ARVC risk score >10% showed a greater net benefit than the ITFC and HRS criteria over a wide range of threshold probability of events. Finally, at multivariate analysis, the 5 year ARVC risk score >10% was the only independent predictor of major events.ConclusionsThe 5 year score with a threshold of >10% was more effective for predicting events than the ITFC and HRS criteria.
Loss of skeletal muscle mass predicts cardiac death in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction but not heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Matsumura Koichiro , Teranaka Wakana , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Fujii Kenichi , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Otagaki Munemitsu , Morishita Shun , Hashimoto Kenta , Shibutani Hiroki , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsLoss of skeletal muscle mass is an important determinant associated with poor long‐term prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, limited evidence is available. This study investigated the prognostic value of the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) in patients with ADHF.Methods and resultsA total of 210 consecutive patients aged ≥60 years with ADHF were enrolled using a prospective database between 2015 and 2017. Primary endpoint was incidence of cardiac death. Cross‐sectional psoas muscle area at the L3 vertebral level was obtained by computed tomography, and PMI was calculated by height. Reduced PMI was defined as a PMI below the 25th sex‐specific percentile. Patients were also classified by their left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as having either heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, EF < 50%) or heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%). The median follow‐up period was 1.8 years. There were 44 cardiac deaths (21%) during the study period. Patients with reduced PMI had significantly higher cardiac death rates than those with preserved PMI (33% vs. 17%, log‐rank test P = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, HFpEF patients with reduced PMI had significantly higher cardiac death rates than those with preserved PMI (38% vs. 16%, log‐rank test P = 0.006); conversely, HFrEF patients had comparable cardiac death rates regardless of their PMI group (27% for reduced PMI vs. 18% for preserved PMI, log‐rank test P = 0.24). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that patients with reduced PMI had a 2.3‐fold higher risk of cardiac death compared with patients with preserved PMI (95% confidence interval 1.23–4.42, P = 0.01).ConclusionsReduced PMI helps to predict long‐term outcome in patients with HFpEF but not HFrEF.
Blockade of bradykinin receptors or angiotensin II type 2 receptor prevents paclitaxel‐associated acute pain syndrome in mice
Authors: Zanata Graziele C. , Pinto Larissa G. , da Silva Nicole R. , Lopes Alexandre H. P. , de Oliveira Francisco F. B. , Schivo Ieda R. S. , Cunha Fernando Q. , McNaughton Peter , Cunha Thiago M. , Silva Rangel L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPaclitaxel (PCX) is the first‐line choice for the treatment of several types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. However, patients who receive even a single dose with PCX commonly develop mechanical and cold allodynia, a symptom known as PCX‐associated acute pain syndrome (P‐APS). Here, we assessed possible involvement of kinin–kallikrein and renin‐angiotensin systems in P‐APS in mice.MethodsMale mice C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and knockouts for bradykinin receptors, B1 (B1−/−) and B2 (B2−/−), were used. Mechanical and cold allodynia were evaluated by using von Frey filaments and acetone test, respectively. P‐APS was induced by administration of PCX 4 mg/kg, i.v.. ACE inhibitors (captopril and enalapril), antagonists for angiotensin II type 1 (losartan) and type 2 ([AT2R]; PD123319 and EMA 401) receptors were administrated prior the treatment with PCX. RT‐PCR was used to analyse the expression of mRNA for B1, B2 and AT2R receptors.ResultsAdministration of PCX in B1−/− and B2−/− mice induced lower mechanical and cold allodynia compared to the WT. However, the pre‐treatment with ACE inhibitors reduced the development of mechanical and cold allodynia in P‐APS. Surprisingly, we found that mice pre‐treatment with the PD123319 or EMA401, but not losartan, prevented the development of mechanical and cold allodynia induced by PCX.ConclusionOur results demonstrated the involvement of bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 as well as AT2R in the induction of P‐APS in mice, and suggest the use of AT2R antagonists as a potential therapy for the prevention of P‐APS in humans.SignificanceKinin–kallikrein and renin‐angiotensin systems, through B1, B2 and AT2 receptors, potentiates paclitaxel‐associated acute pain syndrome (P‐APS) in mice. Antagonists for AT2R are potential alternatives to prevent P‐APS.
Three‐dimensional Pt catalyst on TiO2 structures: Synthesis, characterization, and optimal morphology for efficient ethanol electro‐oxidation in acidic medium
Authors: Mohammadi Naser , Benabid Chahrazed , Wang Haixia , Abrego‐Martinez Juan Carlos , Wang Youling , Mohamedi Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy combining the hydrothermal and pulsed laser deposition methods, several three‐dimensional Pt catalysts on TiO2 structures are prepared and used for the electro‐oxidation of ethanol in acidic medium. SEM reveals that TiO2 prepared with 0.6 M of HCl consist of a mixture of nanowires and nanorods. For higher HCl concentrations, the TiO2 are either in the form of vertically aligned bars or large branched crystals in the form of flowers‐like. Despite having the same loading of Pt, among the 3D Pt/TiO2/Ti structures, only those with TiO2 prepared with 0.6 M of HCl shows a higher area specific activity and current mass activities exceptionally superior of about >50 times than those of unsupported Pt/Ti catalyst toward ethanol oxidation reaction, which suggests a promising application in ethanol fuel cells.
The response of rock tunnel when subjected to blast loading: Finite element analysis
Authors: Zaid Mohammad , Sadique Md. Rehan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the past few decade tunnels were targeted to explosives and that resulted in sizeable structural damage. The increase in the strategic importance of tunnel construction has increased the demand for the blast‐resistant design approach. The present paper considered an internal blast loading on a rock tunnel constructed in Quartzite rock. A three‐dimensional finite element model of the tunnel has been developed in Abaqus. The diameter of the tunnel has been kept constant to a two‐lane transportation tunnel. However, the thickness of the concrete liner, depth of overburden, and mass of explosive charge has been varied to understand the response in different possible conditions. The Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee, Concrete Damage Plasticity, and Mohr‐Coulomb material models have been used for the modeling of trinitrotoluene, concrete, and rock respectively. Blast has been formulated through Coupled‐Eulerian‐Lagrangian technique. The tunnel at 12.5 of the depth of overburden has been found 2.7‐times more blast resistant than 5 m. Moreover, the extent of damage in shallow depth tunnels found to be more than the tunnels at higher depth of overburden.
A novel approach for securing data against intrusion attacks in unmanned aerial vehicles integrated heterogeneous network using functional encryption technique
Authors: Sharma Diwankshi , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Rashid Aabid , Gupta Sumeet , Rashid Mamoon , Srivastava Ashutosh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the number of user equipment (UE) in any heterogeneous network (HetNet) assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) continues to grow, so does the number of intruder nodes. The intruder/malicious nodes are able to interfere with the ongoing data transmission in the network and carry out different kinds of active and passive attacks such as spoofing, masquerading, impersonating, and so on in the network thus requiring an optimized security technique for the network. This article implements the novel functional encryption (FE) technique in the proposed UAV assisted HetNet model for the dense urban area to secure data against such intrusions. In this network model, UAV acts as a relay node for those UE which are in nonline‐of‐sight communication with macro based station (MBS). For securing the data transmission among UAV, UE, and MBS, FE technique is implemented in the network in two phases: the first phase between UE and MBS and the second phase between MBS and UE through UAV. During implementation, the Dolev‐Yao attack model is considered in which intruders are able to intercept or modify the UE data. The main objective of the FE technique implementation is to provide security from such intrusion attacks. The proposed methodology is validated using automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool. The results of the AVISPA tool clearly indicate that the proposed technique is safe to implement in the UAV assisted HetNet, even in the presence of intruder nodes.
On the ergodic capacities of decode‐and‐forward MIMO relay network with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer
Authors: Waqar Omer , Asim Ali Muhammad , Liaqat Mahrukh , Iqbal Ayesha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been studied for point‐to‐point decode‐and‐forward (DF) based multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) relay network with an energy‐constrained relay. This relay is capable of harvesting energy from the wireless signals received from the source terminal. In particular, three different SWIPT schemes, that is, time switching, power splitting, and antenna switching are considered for EH at relay. New closed‐form approximations for the sum ergodic capacity of a DF MIMO relay network have been derived with spatial multiplexing at source, zero‐forcing receivers at relay and destination. Based on the sum capacity approximations, optimal splitting coefficients for aforementioned SWIPT schemes that maximize the sum capacity are presented. Moreover, the impact of system parameters on these optimal coefficients has been studied. In addition to this, first optimization problems for the number of antennas at relay have been formulated and then these problems are transformed into concave form by relaxing constraints to be defined over positive real numbers instead of taking only discrete values. New closed‐form solutions for the optimum number of antennas at relay have been derived. Furthermore, new closed‐form approximations for the ergodic capacities in the presence of an external co‐channel interference are also presented. Numerical results show that approximations for the sum capacity match well with the exact ones obtained through Monte‐Carlo simulations, particularly when the channel hardening effect kicks in, that is, for large degrees of freedom. Finally, the solutions for the optimization problems have also been validated by the numerical examples.
Toward Fair and Humane Pain Policy
Authors: Goldberg Daniel S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPain policy is not drug policy. If society wants to improve the lives of people in pain and compress the terrible inequalities in its diagnosis and treatment, we have to tailor policy to the root causes driving our problems in treating pain humanely and equitably. In the United States, we do not. Instead, we have proceeded to conflate drug policy with pain policy, relying on arguably magical thinking for the conclusion that by addressing the drug overdose crisis, we are simultaneously addressing the pain crisis. This is a category error, decades of commitment to which have resulted mostly in a worsening of both public health problems. Disentangling our problems in treating pain fairly and equitably from our problems with drugs and substance use is the only path to humane and ethical policy for each.
Acute on Chronic Liver Failure From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Growing and Aging Cohort With Rising Mortality
Authors: Sundaram Vinay , Jalan Rajiv , Shah Parth , Singal Ashwani K. , Patel Arpan A , Wu Tiffany , Noureddin Mazen , Mahmud Nadim , Wong Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
We assessed the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) among transplant candidates in the United States, along with waitlist outcomes for this population.

Approach and Results
We analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry from 2005 to 2017. Patients with ACLF were identified using the European Association for the Study of the Liver/Chronic Liver Failure criteria and categorized into NAFLD, alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We used linear regression and Chow’s test to determine significance in trends and evaluated waitlist outcomes using Fine and Gray’s competing risks regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Between 2005 and 2017, waitlist registrants for NAFLD‐ACLF rose by 331.6% from 134 to 574 candidates (P < 0.001), representing the largest percentage increase in the study population. ALD‐ACLF also increased by 206.3% (348‐1,066 registrants; P < 0.001), whereas HCV‐ACLF declined by 45.2% (P < 0.001). As of 2017, the NAFLD‐ACLF population consisted primarily of persons aged ≥60 years (54.1%), and linear regression demonstrated a significant rise in the proportion of patients aged ≥65 in this group (β = 0.90; P = 0.011). Since 2014, NAFLD‐ACLF grade 1 was associated with a greater risk of waitlist mortality relative to ALD‐ACLF (subhazard ratio [SHR] = 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐1.44) and HCV‐ACLF (SHR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.71), among patients aged ≥60 years. Mortality was similar among the three groups for patients with ACLF grade 2 or 3.

Conclusions
NAFLD is the fastest rising etiology of cirrhosis associated with ACLF among patients listed in the United States. As the NAFLD population continues to grow and age, patients with NAFLD‐ACLF will likely have the highest risk of waitlist mortality.