bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex difference in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct‐acting antiviral therapy in patients with HCV infection
Authors: Watanabe Takao , Tokumoto Yoshio , Joko Kouji , Michitaka Kojiro , Horiike Norio , Tanaka Yoshinori , Tada Fujimasa , Kisaka Yoshiyasu , Nakanishi Seiji , Yamauchi Kazuhiko , Yukimoto Atsushi , Nakamura Yoshiko , Hirooka Masashi , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSex differences in the predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development after direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy was investigated. DAA therapy was given to 1438 (663 male, 775 female) patients. Sex differences in the HCC development rate and the factors contributing to HCC development after DAA therapy were investigated. Male patients had a significantly higher cumulative HCC incidence (log‐rank test, P =  .007). On multivariate analysis, the fibrosis‐4 index (HR = 1.11; 95%CI, 1.042‐1.202, P =  .002) and posttreatment α‐fetoprotein (AFP) (HR = 1.11; 95%CI, 1.046‐1.197, P  =  .001) were found to be independent factors that contributed to HCC development following DAA therapy in female patients, whereas only posttreatment AFP (HR  =  1.090; 95%CI, 1.024‐1.160, P  = .007) was an independent factor in male patients. The optimal posttreatment AFP cut‐off values were set based on receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The optimal posttreatment AFP cut‐off value was much higher in females (6.0 ng/mL) than in male (3.5 ng/mL) patients. In conclusion both in male and female patients, posttreatment AFP was an independent predictor of HCC development after DAA therapy. However, the cut‐off values differed between the sexes. In male patients, HCC could be seen in patients with relatively low posttreatment AFP levels; more careful observation might be needed in such patients.
Joint line elevation and tibial slope are associated with increased polyethylene wear in cruciate‐retaining total knee replacement
Authors: Pourzal Robin , Cip Johannes , Rad Elmira , Laurent Michel P. , Berger Richard A. , Jacobs Joshua J. , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this retrieval study was to determine the effect of implant positioning on wear, taking patient‐related factors into account. Therefore, the volumetric material loss of 59 retrieved tibial liners was quantitatively determined using a coordinate measuring‐machine. All retrievals were made of the same polyethylene and design by a single manufacturer. Using time in‐situ and linear regression, a wear rate for each liner was determined and corrected for bedding‐in. Backside damage was qualitatively scored. The following implant positioning parameters were obtained from radiographs: anatomical lateral‐distal femoral angle, anatomical medial‐proximal tibial angle, femoral tilt angle, and posterior tibial slope. The patella position was assessed by the Blackburne‐Peel index and the Insall‐Salvati ratio. Unlike the Insall‐Salvati ratio, the Blackburne‐Peel index is known to detect surgical joint line elevation. Using general linear modeling the most impactful factors on wear rate and backside damage was determined, thereby taking patient demographic factors into account. The mean volumetric wear rate was 11.6 mm3/y. Wear decreased with older age (P = .021) and female sex (P = .001). The wear rate increased with joint line elevation as indicated from a decreased Blackburne‐Peel index (P = .019), and increased with increased posterior tibial slope (P = .026). The backside damage score also increased with joint line elevation (P = .036). A Blackburne‐Peel index decrease of 0.1, signifying joint line elevation, was found to increase the wear rate by 1.8 mm3/y and increase back‐sided wear. A high tibial slope (>7°) led to a 9.3 mm3/y increase in wear rate compared with a low tibial slope (<3°). The results of this study demonstrate that tibial liner positioning has a significant impact on polyethylene wear with potential implications on osteolysis over time.
Effect of stress‐shielding‐induced bone resorption on glenoid loosening in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Min , Gregory Thomas , Hansen Ulrich , Cheng Cheng‐Kung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAseptic loosening of the glenoid component is one of the main reasons for the high revision rates of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). It has been reported that the bulky implant designs may lead to stress shielding. However, it is uncertain whether the shielding effect is severe enough to lead to bone resorption and glenoid loosening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of stress‐shielding and assess whether bone resorption plays a role in aseptic glenoid loosening following RTSA. A cadaveric in vitro test model was used to validate a finite element model (FEM) of the scapula. The FEM of the scapula, incorporating adaptive bone remodeling algorithms, was used to predict changes in postoperative bone density after RTSA. Changes in bone strength after implantation were also analyzed. The strain values predicted from the FEM of the scapula were in agreement with the in vitro measurements. Analysis of postoperative bone adaptation revealed that strain‐induced bone resorption began at the peg of the implant and around the resected bone surface and then gradually expended to the peripheral regions. The bone strength also reduced postoperatively and appeared particularly around the implant peg. Strain‐induced bone resorption is a likely source of the bone loss commonly observed in RTSA. The finite element glenoid bone remodeling simulation may be used as a tool to evaluate glenoid implant design.
Sedimentary and foraminiferal records of Late Quaternary environmental change west of Ireland and implications for the last British–Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Peters Jared L. , Benetti Sara , Dunlop Paul , Wheeler Andrew J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPalaeoenvironmental change following deglaciation of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet on the continental shelf west of Ireland was investigated using multiproxy analyses of sediment and foraminifera data from nine sediment cores. Lithofacies associations record various depositional regimes across the shelf, which evolve from subglacial to postglacial conditions. Census data provide the first characterisation of benthic foraminifera populations across the continental shelf and multivariate analyses reveal three distinct biotopes. Biomineralization within these biotopes is restricted to ≤21 200 cal a bp by four radiocarbon ages. The transition from glacial to postglacial benthic foraminifera populations near the shelf break marks the establishment of productive, nutrient‐rich, ice‐distal conditions at ~20 900 cal a bp; these conditions may also mark the start of favourable conditions for postglacial cold‐water coral growth. Postglacial conditions on the inner shelf were not established until <14 500 cal a bp, suggesting glacial conditions west of Ireland may have persisted into the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial.
Enzyme‐catalyzed acylation improves gel properties of rapeseed protein isolate
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Ruixue , Ju Xingrong , He Rong , Wang Zhigao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough rapeseed protein isolate (RPI) possessed some good functional properties, the use of RPI as an ingredient in the food industry is restricted mainly due to its inferior gelation. The purpose of this study was to improve the heat‐induced gel properties of RPI using double processes of acylation and additional transglutaminase catalysis.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy showed that the gel formed by native RPI exhibited randomly aggregated particulate network structures whereas transglutaminase (TG)‐assisted RPI gels significantly improved gelation properties. More importantly, the combined modifications of RPI using TG‐assisted acylation can form a gel with unique percolating and small porous structure. Furthermore, TG‐catalyzed 5% acylated RPI gel (100 U g‐1, protein basis) exhibited excellent gel properties in terms of gel strength, thermal stability, surface roughness and apparent viscosity compared to non‐treated or single modification of RPI gel as determined by texture analyzer, atomic force microscopy and rheometer. Mechanistically, Fourier‐transform infrared spectra and gel dissociation test revealed that TG‐catalyzed acylation extensively unfolded the hydrophobic and sulfhydryl residues of RPI, in turn, reinforced re‐assembly of protein molecules via hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds during gel formation.CONCLUSIONCombined processes of acylation and additional TG catalysis improved the thermal gelation properties by altering inter‐ and intra‐protein structures. Such sequential processes will provide a promising approach to improve the protein gelation that could be potentially applied in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ellagic acid induces esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell apoptosis by modulating SHP‐1/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Xu Ying‐Ying , Wang Wan‐Wei , Huang Jing , Zhu Wei‐Guo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEllagic acid (EA) has been reported to have antiproliferative and antioxidant properties, but its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been investigated yet. In the current study, EA was found have a significant anti‐tumor activity in ESCC. In specific, EA inhibited ESCC cell survival in both of a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. And our results showed that EA promoted ESCC cell apoptosis, including inducing the cleavages of PARP, and inhibiting the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins. In mechanistic, EA markedly suppressed STAT3‐driven luciferase activity, and inhibited both of the endogenous and cytokines‐induced STAT3 activation in ESCC cells. Further investigations indicated that EA could significantly upregulate SHP‐1 expression, a negative modulator of STAT3 signaling. In contrast, knockdown of SHP‐1 could attenuate the effects of EA on inhibiting ESCC cell survival. Moreover, we found that EA could inhibit RNF6 expression, an E3 of SHP‐1, and overexpressing RNF6 could also significantly attenuate the effects of EA on inhibiting ESCC cell survival, which further revealed that EA could inhibit STAT3 signaling by modulating RNF6/SHP‐1 axis. Our present study indicated that EA could be as a novel STAT3 inhibitor for the treatment of ESCC.
Friction and wear properties of phenolic composites with dual inorganic oxide‐modified titanate whiskers
Authors: Chen Yinjie , Song Renfeng , Guo Ke , Wang Tao , Zhao Yunhui , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInorganic oxides, alumina and silica, were successively modified on titanate whiskers surface. Enrolled into phenolic resin, the phenolic/whisker composites were prepared by melting molding, with intentions for wearing property. The alumina‐coated whisker surface fulfilled wear resistance, while the outer silica layer was less stiff for compatible with polymer matrix. The dual surface modifications improved the whiskers dispersion in the matrix, enhanced interfacial adhesion, and significantly triggered wear resistance of the composites. With 7.5 wt% multiply modified whiskers involved, the phenolic composite showed specific wear rate of 0.49 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, remarkably lower than that of phenolic resin (4.79 × 10−5 mm3/Nm). The worn surface of the composites detected by a scanning electron microscope showed abrasive wear with slight fatigue wear. Optical microscope images indicated that the whisker‐filled composite had a shallow scratch on the worn surface, which positively favored wear resistance.
Decline in internal migration levels in Australia: Compositional or behavioural effect?
Authors: Kalemba Sunganani Violet , Bernard Aude , Charles‐Edwards Elin , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLevels of internal migration have declined since the 1980s in many advanced economies. Australian studies remain largely descriptive, making it difficult to ascertain the extent to which the decline in aggregate levels of migration is due to shifts in the socio‐demographic composition of the Australian population or driven by deeper behavioural changes. This paper aims to address this gap by applying an Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition method to individual‐level data from the 2001 and 2016 censuses. Our results confirm the strong impact of population ageing on the decline in migration although its effect has been fully counteracted by other compositional changes such as education and immigration. We find behavioural effects to be the principal factor explaining this downward trend. This finding points to a secular shift in migration behaviour and represents a starting point in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the factors underpinning the long‐term decline in internal migration in Australia.
Using G‐Rich Sequence to Enhance the Peroxidase‐Mimicking Activity of DNA‐Cu/Ag Nanoclusters for Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
Authors: Du Zhiwei , Wei Chunying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFour kinds of DNA‐based Ag and Cu/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) were synthesized and their fluorescence properties were investigated at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Among them the Cu/Ag NCs templated by DNA containing both C‐rich and G‐rich sequences (the c‐myc TBA−Cu/Ag NCs) give the strongest and the most stable fluorescence emission at ∼555 nm under neutral and acidic conditions. Unexpectedly, the c‐myc TBA−Cu/Ag NCs can catalyze efficiently and rapidly the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce blue TMB oxide (TMBox) under acidic conditions, indicating the high peroxidase‐mimicking activity. Based on this nanozyme the detection for H2O2 and glucose was performed using colorimetric method. The results indicate that the linear range of detection for H2O2 is from 0.1 to 1 mM with the detection limit (LOD) of 7.42 μM, while the linear range is from 0.1 to 0.7 mM and LOD was calculated to be 9.38 μM for glucose. Additionally, glucose can be successfully detected in diluted serum samples and has an acceptable recovery rate, indicating that this nanozyme has a potential application prospect.
DNA‐Driven Two‐Layer Core–Satellite Gold Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive MicroRNA Detection in Living Cells
Authors: Meng Dan , Ma Wei , Wu Xiaoling , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is a significant challenge to achieve controllable self‐assembly of superstructures for biological applications in living cells. Here, a two‐layer core–satellite assembly is driven by a Y‐DNA, which is designed with three nucleotide chains that hybridized through complementary sequences. The two‐layer core–satellite nanostructure (C30S5S10 NS) is constructed using 30 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the core, 5 nm Au NPs as the first satellite layer, and 10 nm Au NPs as the second satellite layer, resulting in a very strong circular dichroism (CD) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. After optimization, the yield is up to 85%, and produces a g‐factor of 0.16 × 10−2. The hybridization of the target microRNA (miRNA) with the molecular probe causes a significant drop in the CD and Raman signals, and this phenomenon is used to detect the miRNA in living cells. The CD signal has a good linear range of 0.011–20.94 amol ngRNA−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0051 amol ngRNA−1, while Raman signal with the range of 0.052–34.98 amol ngRNA−1 and an LOD of 2.81 × 10−2 amol ngRNA−1. This innovative dual‐signal method can be used to quantify biomolecules in living cells, opening the way for ultrasensitive, highly accurate, and reliable diagnoses of clinical diseases.
Electroweak phase transition in non-minimal Higgs sectors
Authors: Basler Philipp , Mühlleitner Margarete , Müller Jonas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHiggs sector extensions beyond the Standard Model (BSM) provide additional sources of CP violation and further scalar states that help to trigger a strong first order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) required to generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through electroweak baryogenesis. We investigate the CP-violating 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (C2HDM) and the Next-to-Minimal 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (N2HDM) with respect to their potential to generate an SFOEWPT while being compatible with all relevant and recent theoretical and experimental constraints. The implications of an SFOEWPT on the collider phenomenology of the two models are analysed in detail in particular with respect to Higgs pair production. We provide benchmark points for parameter points that are compatible with an SFOEWPT and provide distinct di-Higgs signatures.
The minimal seesaw model with a modular S4 symmetry
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhou Shun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we incorporate the modular S4 flavor symmetry into the supersymmetric version of the minimal type-I seesaw model, in which only two right-handed neutrino singlets are introduced to account for tiny Majorana neutrino masses, and explore its implications for the lepton mass spectra, flavor mixing and CP violation. The basic idea is to assign two right-handed neutrino singlets into the unique two-dimensional irreducible representation of the modular S4 symmetry group. Moreover, we show that the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe can be successfully explained via the resonant leptogenesis mechanism working at a relatively-low seesaw scale ΛSS≈ 107 GeV, with which the potential problem of the gravitino overproduction can be avoided. In this connection, we emphasize that the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry may lead to a stringent constraint on the parameter space and testable predictions for low-energy observables.
Perturbative 4D conformal field theories and representation theory of diagram algebras
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe correlators of free four dimensional conformal field theories (CFT4) have been shown to be given by amplitudes in two-dimensional so(4, 2) equivariant topological field theories (TFT2), by using a vertex operator formalism for the correlators. We show that this can be extended to perturbative interacting conformal field theories, using two representation theoretic constructions. A co-product deformation for the conformal algebra accommodates the equivariant construction of composite operators in the presence of non-additive anomalous dimensions. Explicit expressions for the co-product deformation are given within a sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM and for the Wilson-Fischer fixed point near four dimensions. The extension of conformal equivariance beyond integer dimensions (relevant for the Wilson-Fischer fixed point) leads to the definition of an associative diagram algebra U★, abstracted from Uso(d) in the limit of large integer d, which admits extension of Uso(d) representation theory to general real (or complex) d. The algebra is related, via oscillator realisations, to so(d) equivariant maps and Brauer category diagrams. Tensor representations are constructed where the diagram algebra acts on tensor products of a fundamental diagram representation. A similar diagrammatic algebra U★, 2, related to a general d extension for Uso(d, 2) is defined, and some of its lowest weight representations relevant to the Wilson-Fischer fixed point are described.
Duality and transport for supersymmetric graphene from the hemisphere partition function
Authors: Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Herzog Christopher P. , Jeon Imtak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe use localization to compute the partition function of a four dimensional, supersymmetric, abelian gauge theory on a hemisphere coupled to charged matter on the boundary. Our theory has eight real supercharges in the bulk of which four are broken by the presence of the boundary. The main result is that the partition function is identical to that of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 abelian Chern-Simons theory on a three-sphere coupled to chiral multiplets, but where the quantized Chern-Simons level is replaced by an arbitrary complexified gauge coupling τ. The localization reduces the path integral to a single ordinary integral over a real variable. This integral in turn allows us to calculate the scaling dimensions of certain protected operators and two-point functions of abelian symmetry currents at arbitrary values of τ. Because the underlying theory has conformal symmetry, the current two-point functions tell us the zero temperature conductivity of the Lorentzian versions of these theories at any value of the coupling. We comment on S-dualities which relate different theories of supersymmetric graphene. We identify a couple of self-dual theories for which the complexified conductivity associated to the U(1) gauge symmetry is τ/2.
Traumatic brain injury and alcohol intoxication: effects on injury patterns and short-term outcome
Authors: Leijdesdorff Henry Alexander , Legué Juno , Krijnen Pieta , Rhemrev Steven , Kleinveld Sanne , Schipper Inger Birgitta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
A significant number of patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are diagnosed with elevated blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Recent literature suggests a neuroprotective effect of alcohol on TBI, possibly associated with less morbidity and mortality. Our goal is to analyze the association of different levels of BAC with TBI characteristics and outcome.

Methods
Adult patients with moderate to severe TBI (AIS ≥ 2) and measured BAC admitted to the Trauma Centre West (TCW), during the period 2010–2015, were retrospectively analyzed. Data included injury severity (AIS), length of hospitalization, admittance to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in-hospital mortality. The association of BAC with ICU admittance and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with correction for potentially confounding variables.

Results
BACs were available in 2,686 patients of whom 42% had high, 26% moderate, 6% low and 26% had normal levels. Patients with high BAC’s were predominantly male, were younger, had lower ISS scores, lower AIS-head scores and less concomitant injuries compared to patients in the other BAC subgroups. High BACs were associated with a lower risk for in-hospital mortality (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.97). Also, patients with moderate and high BACs were less often admitted to the ICU (respectively, AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25–0.52 and AOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.29–0.57).

Conclusion
The current study suggests that in patients with moderate to severe TBI, increasing BACs are associated with less severe TBI, less ICU admissions and a higher survival. Further research into the pathophysiological mechanism is necessary to help explain these findings.