bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biology and ecology of pine aphid, Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its demographic responses to environmental changes
Authors: Hosseini Seide L. , Poorjavad Nafiseh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the most abundant aphid species attacking pine trees in Isfahan, Iran.
Population fluctuations of this species and its natural enemies were studied on Pinus brutia var. eldarica by weekly sampling. Its fertility‐life table parameters were determined in the field in spring and summer 2016. Furthermore, effects of different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and irrigation regimens (well irrigated, moderately and highly drought‐stressed) on its performance were investigated in the laboratory.
The aphid population reached its peak abundance between 11 April and 23 May. Also, a minor peak was observed between mid‐November and mid‐December. During the survey, no sexual morphs were observed. Most fertility‐life table parameters of E. tuberculostemmatus were found to be significantly higher in spring than in summer. Aphids reared at 20 and 25 °C had a significantly higher net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite capacity for increase compared to those reared at 15 and 30 °C. Also, the aphid performed significantly better on highly drought‐stressed trees, due to higher survival rate, female adult longevity and fecundity.
Population peaks of the four Coccinellidae predators Adalia bipunctata, Hippodamia variegata, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Coccinella septempunctata coincided with that of the aphid.
Increasing comorbidities in a South Korea insured population‐based cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Oh Hyunwoo , Jun Dae Won , Lee I‐Heng , Ahn Hyun Jung , Kim Bo Ok , Jung Sungeun , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundIt is controversial whether chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have more non‐liver comorbidities than non‐CHB subjects.AimTo characterise the demographics, comorbidity and health utilisation of CHB patients in South Korea and compare them to matched controls.MethodsUsing the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) 2007‐2016 database, adult patients with claims for CHB analysed. CHB cases and non‐CHB controls matched in a 1:4 ratio using propensity score matching method.ResultsThe age of CHB patients significantly increased from a mean 46.9 years in 2007 to 52.3 years in 2016. The proportions of persons having both liver‐related and non‐liver related comorbidities were higher in CHB patients compared to matched controls (dyslipidaemia [37.23% vs 23.77%, P < 0.0001], hypertension [29.39% vs 25.27%, P < 0.0001] chronic kidney disease (CKD) [3.02% vs 1.14%, P < 0.0001] and osteoporosis/fracture [OF] [4.09% vs 3.23%, P < 0.0001]). Approximately 50% of CHB patients had more than one comorbidity among CKD, diabetes, DLP, and OF. The odds of CKD in CHB patients were 1.42 times higher, and the odds of OF in CHB patients were 1.09 times higher than matched controls after adjustment for confounders (P < 0.0001).ConclusionPrevalence of liver as well as non‐liver comorbidities in patients with CHB was higher than matched controls and increased over time.
The protective effect of modafinil on vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy in rats: A possible role for TRPA1 receptors
Authors: Amirkhanloo Fatemeh , Karimi Gholamreza , Yousefi‐Manesh Hasan , Abdollahi Alireza , Roohbakhsh Ali , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVincristine (VCR) induces peripheral neuropathy. We aimed to assess the efficacy of modafinil on VCR‐induced neuropathy in rats. Neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of VCR (0.1 mg/kg). Neuropathic groups received modafinil (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg); gabapentin (20 mg/kg); and a combination of modafinil (5 and 50 mg/kg) and gabapentin (20 mg/kg,). Then, electrophysiological, behavioural, biochemical and pathological evaluations were performed. Latencies of tail‐flick and von Frey filament tests, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and excitation of nerve conduction were decreased. Moreover, the transient receptor potential cation channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) level was increased, while TRPV1 and N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) levels remained unchanged. Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) levels were markedly elevated. Pre‐treatment with modafinil prevented sensorimotor neuropathy by raising latencies, MNCV and excitation, reducing TRPA1, TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels. Modafinil improved behavioural, electrophysiological and pathological disturbances. The results showed that TRPA1 has a more important role than NMDA and TRPV1, in VCR‐induced neuropathic pain. In addition, inflammatory mediators, TNF‐α and IL‐1β, were involved. Further, the combination of modafinil and gabapentin improved the neuroprotective effect of gabapentin. So, modafinil might be a neuroprotective agent in the prevention of VCR‐induced neuropathy.
Restored pelvic anatomy is preserved after laparoscopic and robot‐assisted ventral rectopexy: MRI‐based 5‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Laitakari K. E. , Mäkelä‐Kaikkonen J. K. , Pääkkö E. , Kata I. , Ohtonen P. , Mäkelä J. , Rautio T. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to compare the long‐term anatomical outcomes between robot‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy (RVMR) and laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) for external or internal rectal prolapse.MethodThis study is a follow‐up of a single‐centre randomized controlled trial (RCT). Thirty patients were randomly allocated to RVMR (n = 16) or LVMR (n = 14). The primary end‐point was maintenance of the restored pelvic anatomy 5 years after the operation, as assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) defaecography. Secondary outcome measures included the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) measures and functional results assessed using symptom questionnaires.ResultsTwenty‐six patients (14 RVMR and 12 LVMR) completed the 5‐year follow‐up and were included in the study. The MRI results, POP‐Q measurements and symptom‐specific quality of life measures did not differ between the RVMR and LVMR groups. The MRI measurements of the total study population remained unchanged between 3 months and 5 years. In the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20), the RVMR group had lower symptom scores (mean 96.0, SD 70.7) than the LVMR group (mean 160.6, SD 58.9; P = 0.004). In the subscales of pelvic organ prolapse (POPDI‐6) (mean 23.2, SD 24.3 vs mean 52.4, SD 22.4; P = 0.001) and the Colorectal–Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI‐8) (mean 38.4, SD 23.3 vs mean 58.6, SD 25.4; P = 0.009), the patients in the RVMR group had significantly better outcomes.ConclusionAfter VMR, the corrected anatomy was preserved. There were no clinically significant differences in anatomical results between the RVMR and LVMR procedures 5 years after surgery based on MR defaecography. However, functional outcomes were better after RMVR.
Definition and diagnosis of cerebral palsy in genetic studies: a systematic review
Authors: Pham Ryan , Mol Ben W , Gecz Jozef , MacLennan Alastair H , MacLennan Suzanna C , Corbett Mark A , van Eyk Clare L , Webber Dani L , Palmer Lyle J , Berry Jesia G 
Published: June 2020

AimTo conduct a systematic review of phenotypic definition and case ascertainment in published genetic studies of cerebral palsy (CP) to inform guidelines for the reporting of such studies.MethodInclusion criteria comprised genetic studies of candidate genes, with CP as the outcome, published between 1990 and 2019 in the PubMed, Embase, and BIOSIS Citation Index databases.ResultsFifty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. We appraised how CP was defined, the quality of information on case ascertainment, and compliance with international consensus guidelines. Seven studies (12%) were poorly described, 33 studies (58%) gave incomplete information, and 17 studies (30%) were well described. Missing key information precluded determining how many studies complied with the definition by Rosenbaum et al. Only 18 out of 57 studies (32%) were compliant with the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) international guidelines on defining CP.InterpretationLimited compliance with international consensus guidelines on phenotypic definition and mediocre reporting of CP case ascertainment hinders the comparison of results among genetic studies of CP (including meta‐analyses), thereby limiting the quality, interpretability, and generalizability of study findings. Compliance with the SCPE guidelines is important for ongoing gene discovery efforts in CP, given the potential for misclassification of unrelated neurological conditions as CP.
Acknowledging Ambivalence in Teaching about Art and Aesthetics
Authors: Brodén Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article Daniel Brodén explores the ambivalence in teaching about art and aesthetics in the humanities. By comparing and contrasting Gert J. J. Biesta's educational theory and Jacques Rancière's writing on aesthetics, he hopes to bring some of the particularities of aesthetic experiences into focus and to discuss a tension in educational situations that concern students' interpretation of aesthetic texts: how the teacher, on the one hand, will serve as a representative for a formal system of education — or what Rancière calls a system of inequality — and, on the other hand, should respect the autonomy of the aesthetic experience. Brodén argues, however, that more interesting than the ambivalence itself is the question of how we can acknowledge this tension in productive ways. Thus, his aim here is to show how the teacher can contribute to the verification of an interpretive approach to art, with Rancière's axiom of equality in mind. Drawing on Biesta's writings, Brodén also highlights how the teacher can provide students with possibilities to pursue a subject‐ness and how the risks involved call for a deconstructive approach to the enactment of teacher power. The article concludes by suggesting that we would do better not to view the ambivalence in focus as a problem, but instead to see it as something that calls for continuous engagement and critical reflection.
Ethics Education in Democratic Pluralist Contexts
Authors: Franck Olof 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article Olof Franck examines some prerequisites for the development of an emancipatory ethics education in pluralist contexts. He first formulates a platform for the examination with regard to Gert Biesta's educational philosophy, particularly with reference to perspectives on education, subjectification, and democracy, and then discusses the concepts of unexpectedness and risk, as these are approached and elaborated by Biesta, with reference to possible challenges when ethics is taught in pluralist contexts. Next, he poses the question: How can such an education contribute to the development of democratic dialogue and democratic relations as well as to students' subjectification — and emancipation? Franck closes with a discussion of an answer to this question that seems to follow from Biesta's approach; in it, he raises certain critical considerations with respect to that approach and also offers some suggestions for how to find ways to meet challenges to the development of democratic, emancipatory ethics education.
Primary pancreatic lymphoma: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome
Authors: Facchinelli Davide , Sina Sokol , Boninsegna Enrico , Borin Alex , Tisi Maria C. , Piazza Francesco , Scapinello Greta , Maiolo Elena , Hohaus Stefan , Zamò Alberto , Merli Michele , Stefani Piero M. , Mellone Federica , Basso Marco , Sartori Roberto , Rusconi Chiara , Parisi Alice , Manfrin Erminia , Krampera Mauro , Ruggeri Marco , Visco Carlo , Tecchio Cristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a rare disease representing 0.1% of malignant lymphomas, which lacks well‐defined diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.ObjectivesTo describe PPL clinical, diagnostic and histological characteristics, together with therapy and outcome, in a relatively large series of patients.MethodsThe study includes 39 PPL patients, aged ≥15 years, observed from January 2005 to December 2018, in 8 Italian Institutions.ResultsThe main symptoms were abdominal pain (58%) and jaundice (47%). Lactate dehydrogenase serum levels were elevated in 43% of patients. Histological specimens were mostly obtained by percutaneous (41%) or endoscopic (36%) biopsy, with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma being the most frequent (69%) histological diagnosis. Chemotherapy was administered alone in 65% of patients, with radiotherapy in 17%, or after surgery in 9%. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 62%, the 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) 44%. Debulking surgery (with or without chemotherapy) was associated with a significant worse OS. Three (9.4%) of 32 high‐grade patients experienced a central nervous system (CNS) relapse.ConclusionsPPL is rare, often high‐grade, with symptoms and localization similar to other pancreatic malignancies. Biopsy should be the preferred diagnostic method. High‐grade PPL should undergo CNS prophylaxis.
Early initiation of direct anticoagulation after stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: D'Anna L. , Filippidis F. T. , Antony S. , Brown Z. , Wyatt H. , Malik A. , Sivakumaran P. , Harvey K. , Marinescu M. , Bentley P. , Korompoki E. , Veltkamp R. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe safety of early initiation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with ischaemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. We investigated the safety of early initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or no anticoagulation.MethodsThis observational, retrospective, single‐centre study included consecutive patients with recent (<4 weeks) ischaemic stroke and AF. The primary outcome was the rate of major (intracranial and extracranial) bleeding in patients on different treatment schemes, i.e. DOACs, VKAs and not anticoagulated. We also investigated the rate of ischaemic cerebrovascular events and mortality.ResultsWe included 959 consecutive patients with AF and ischaemic stroke followed up for an average of 16.1 days after the index event. A total of 559 out of 959 patients (58.3%) were anticoagulated with either VKAs (n = 259) or DOACs (n = 300). Anticoagulation was started after a mean of 7 ± 9.4 days in the DOAC group and 11.9 ± 19.7 days in the VKA group. Early initiation of any anticoagulant was not associated with an increased risk of any major bleeding [odds ratio (OR), 0.49; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.21–1.16] and in particular of intracranial bleeding (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.17–1.29; P = 0.143) compared with no anticoagulation. In contrast to VKAs (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.28–2.13), treatment with DOACs (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.10–0.96) reduced the rate of major bleeding compared with no anticoagulation. Early recurrences of ischaemic stroke did not differ significantly among the three groups.ConclusionsStarting DOACs within a mean of 7 days after stroke appeared to be safe. Randomized controlled studies are needed to establish the added efficacy of starting anticoagulation early after stroke.
Use of in vitro assays to identify antibiotics that are cytotoxic to normal equine chondrocytes and synovial cells
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn , Chow Lyndah , Piquini Gabriella , Griffenhagen Gregg , Ramirez Dominique , Dow Steven , Goodrich Laurie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐articular (IA) antibiotic usage is prevalent in equine practice. However, recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance prompts re‐evaluation of antibiotic selection, particularly when used prophylactically. Furthermore, many commonly used antibiotics exert direct cytotoxicity to equine cells, and appropriate IA doses have not been defined.ObjectivesTo screen antibiotics in vitro as an initial assessment of cytotoxicity against normal equine joint cells in monolayer culture and explant tissues.Study designIn vitro experimental study.MethodsChondrocytes and synovial cells were harvested from three horses and plated on 24‐well plates (100 000 cells/wells in triplicate) for 48 hours prior to addition of antibiotics. Joint cells were exposed to antibiotics (n = 15) at various doses (25‐0.39 mg/mL in complete DMEM media) for 24 hours and viability was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for each antibiotic. Cartilage explants were obtained from 3 horses, minced and exposed to antibiotics (n = 5) for 72 hours. Live/dead staining was performed, and fluorescence was visualised using Olympus IX83 spinning disk confocal microscope. Percentage of live vs dead cells was quantified.ResultsAntibiotics from different antimicrobial classes expressed dose‐dependent but variable cytotoxicity to equine joint cells in vitro. Aminoglycosides and doxycycline had the lowest IC50 (most toxic). Ampicillin sulbactam, imipenem, tobramycin, ceftiofur sodium and amoxicillin had IC50 > 25 mg/mL for at least one cell line, representing potentially less cytotoxic alternatives.Main limitationsFurther studies are necessary to extrapolate these in vitro data results to the in vivo joint environment.ConclusionsTargeted IA antibiotic therapy would involve selection of the safest antibiotics (highest IC50) with efficacy based on bacterial culture/sensitivity. Antimicrobial selection and evidence‐based dosing may minimise damage to native articular cartilage and synovial cells and development of antimicrobial resistance when IA antibiotics are used in equine practice.
The challenges of caring for children who require complex medical care at home: ‘The go between for everyone is the parent and as the parent that’s an awful lot of responsibility’
Authors: Page Bethan F. , Hinton Lisa , Harrop Emily , Vincent Charles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of children with complex health‐care needs are cared for at home by their family. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges experienced by families caring for children who need complex medical care at home.MethodsWe conducted a thematic analysis of eleven in‐depth interviews with parents who carry out specialist medical procedures (eg, enteral feeding, bowel washouts and tracheostomy care) for their children at home. Participants were purposely selected from an existing sample of interviews with parents whose child had abdominal surgery in the first year of life.ResultsWe identified three overarching themes: (a) responsibilities of the parent, (b) impact on daily life and (c) the parent journey over time. Parents have substantial responsibilities, including performing medical procedures, managing emergencies (sometimes life‐threatening), co‐ordinating care and advocating for their child. Their responsibilities have an enormous impact on the family: going out of the home becomes a challenge, there are constant constraints on time, parents are sleep‐deprived and there are wider impacts on siblings. The third theme explores the parent journey over time as parents become experts and make sense of the new normal.DiscussionThe burden of care on families caring for children with complex medical needs is much greater than is generally understood by either multidisciplinary health‐care teams or the general public. Families need to be better prepared and supported for the responsibilities they take on and the burden of care needs to be shared by others.
Novel approach for the development of dietary fibre‐anthocyanin enriched functional bread from culinary banana bract
Authors: Begum Yesmin Ara , Baishya Pitambar , Das Manas Jyoti , Chakraborty Sourav , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDietary fibre (DF)‐anthocyanin formulation was incorporated in bread to develop anthocyanin rich DF powder (ARDFP) fortified bread. Prior to incorporation of DF‐anthocyanin formulation in bread preparation, the cytotoxicity of DF and anthocyanin extracts was assessed. The effect of incorporation of different level of ARDFP with moisture on bread quality characteristics such as specific volume, textural, colour, sensory properties and starch digestibility was studied. The results revealed that extracted DF and anthocyanin of culinary banana bracts were nontoxic towards peripheral blood mononuclear cell and cytotoxic towards HT29 cancerous cell line. Incorporation of 2% ARDFP with 68% moisture was rated as best with higher specific volume (5.50 cm3 g−1), improved textural properties (high springiness and cohesiveness), anthocyanin content (9.08 mg per 100 g), colour characteristics and sensory acceptability next to control. The in vitro digestibility study suggested increased incorporation of ARDFP in bread flour reduced the rate of starch digestibility (0.0035 min−1).
Waist circumference, body mass index, and colorectal cancer risk according to diabetes status: A Korean nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kim Dae Bum , Lee Kang‐Moon , Lee Ji Min , Ko Seung‐Hyun , Han Kyung‐Do , Park Yong Gyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated the relationship of BMI and waist circumference with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) using a population‐based cohort database and to explore the relationship of CRC with diabetes status.MethodsRetrospective data (age >20 years) on anthropometric variables, blood parameters of fasting sugar, lipid levels, and blood pressure were collected from the National Health Insurance Corporation database between 2009 and 2012. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOf the 23 121 360 people studied, 120 579 were diagnosed with CRC after a median follow‐up period of 5.4 years. Both waist circumference and body mass index were positively associated with increased risk of CRC, regardless of age or sex. After mutual adjustment, only waist circumference was significantly associated with increased risk of CRC (HR = 1.275, 95% CI: 1.205–1.349). When the risk of CRC was compared according to diabetes status among people with the same waist circumference range, risk of CRC was higher for those with worse diabetes status.ConclusionWhen waist circumference and body mass index were mutually adjusted, only waist circumference was associated with CRC risk. In addition, the risk of CRC is gradually higher in those with worsening diabetes, even if their waist circumferences are within the same range.
Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Nursing Home Physicians: Insight from Yelp Reviews, 2009–2018
Authors: Ryskina Kira L. , Wang Hannah , Foley Kierra A. , Merchant Raina M. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESTo describe the content of reviews submitted on Yelp that pertain to nursing home (NH) physicians.DESIGNRetrospective qualitative study.SETTINGNHs in the United States reviewed on Yelp from 2009 to 2018 with reviews that discussed NH physicians.PARTICIPANTSPhysicians in 375 NHs in 31 states.MEASUREMENTSContent analysis was performed to detect recurrent themes and divergent ideas about NH physicians perceived by reviewers.RESULTSAverage rating among NHs with physician reviews was 2.0 (standard deviation = 1.5; range = 1–5). The major themes from content analysis of reviews that discussed physicians were perceived attitudes of clinicians toward patients and caregivers, physician communication with patients or caregivers, and perceived clinical expertise of the physicians.CONCLUSIONUnsolicited online reviews of NHs that comment on patient and caregiver perceptions of physician care represent a small but growing number of online comments about NHs. These reviews contain important information about aspects of physician care valued by NH patients and caregivers. However, the sample of comments about physicians represents a small proportion of online reviews and is not representative of all NHs. As online reviews grow in number and become more representative, these data could be used by physicians to improve perceptions of their care by NH patients and their families, and by NHs to inform expectations of their medical director and attending physicians.