bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts: Exploring the Effects of Ionic Character
Authors: Sroda Miranda M. , Stricker Friedrich , Peterson Julie A. , Bernal Alexandria , Read de Alaniz Javier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of solution‐state dielectric and intermolecular interactions on the degree of charge separation provide a route to understanding the switching properties and concentration dependence of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs). Through solvatochromic analysis of the open‐form DASA in conjunction with X‐ray diffraction and computational theory, we have analyzed the ionic character of a series of DASAs. First‐ and third‐generation architectures lead to a higher zwitterionic resonance contribution of the open form and a zwitterionic closed form, whereas the second‐generation architecture possesses a less charge‐separated open form and neutral closed form. This can be correlated with equilibrium control and photoswitching solvent compatibility. As a result of the high contribution of the zwitterionic resonance forms of first‐ and third‐generation DASAs, we were able to control their switching kinetics by means of ion concentration, whereas second‐generation DASAs were less affected. Importantly, these results show how the previously reported concentration dependence of DASAs is not universal, and that DASAs with a more hybrid structure in the open form can achieve photoswitching at high concentrations.
Effects of maternal and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms on infants’ parasympathetic regulation in low‐income, Mexican American families
Authors: Lin Betty , Yeo Anna J. , Luecken Linda J. , Roubinov Danielle S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMothers and fathers are at elevated risk for developing depression during the first postnatal year, especially among families from marginalized communities. Although a number of studies demonstrate that exposure to maternal depressive symptoms can undermine infants’ regulatory development, less is known about the extent to which paternal depressive symptoms may also contribute. The current study investigated whether maternal and paternal depressive symptoms were uniquely associated with infants’ physiological regulation, and whether associations varied depending on infant sex. Participants included 90 low‐income Mexican American families. Fathers and mothers self‐reported their depressive symptoms when infants were 15 weeks old, and infants’ resting parasympathetic activity (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) was assessed at 6 and 24 weeks. Results indicated that, after controlling for infant 6‐week RSA and depressive symptoms in the other parent, paternal depressive symptoms were associated with lower 24‐week RSA for both girls and boys, but maternal depressive symptoms were only associated with lower 24‐week RSA for boys. Findings highlight a potential mechanism through which the consequences of parent depressive symptoms may reverberate across generations, and suggest that considerations of both infants’ and parents’ sex may lend insight into how best to intervene.
Relative impact of bleedings over ischaemic events in patients with heart failure: insights from the CARDIONOR registry
Authors: Lemesle Gilles , Ninni Sandro , de Groote Pascal , Schurtz Guillaume , Lamblin Nicolas , Bauters Christophe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsMajor bleeding events in heart failure (HF) patients are poorly described. We sought to investigate the importance of major bleeding and its impact on outcomes in HF patients.Methods and resultsWe analysed incident bleeding and ischaemic events during a 3 year follow‐up in 2910 HF outpatients included in a prospective multicentre registry. Major bleeding was defined as a Type ≥3 bleed using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition. Ischaemic event was a composite of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Events were adjudicated by a blinded committee. At inclusion, most patients (89%) received at least one antithrombotic: anticoagulation (53.9%) and/or antiplatelet therapy (46.2%). Bleeding occurred in 111 patients {3 year cumulative incidence: 3.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–4.3]} and ischaemic events in 102 patients [3 year cumulative incidence: 3.3% (95% CI 2.7–4.0)]. Most bleedings were Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3a (32.5%) or 3b (31.5%). Most frequent sites of bleeding were gastrointestinal (40.6%) and intracranial (27.9%). Variables associated with bleeding were atrial fibrillation [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.63 (95% CI 1.66–4.19), P < 0.0001], diabetes [HR = 1.62 (95% CI 1.11–2.38), P = 0.012], and older age [HR = 1.19 per 10 year increase (95% CI 1.00–1.41), P = 0.049]. Anticoagulation use was associated with a two‐fold increase in the bleeding risk. Bleeding events as well as ischaemic events were strongly associated with subsequent mortality [adjusted HRs: 5.67 (4.41–7.29), P < 0.0001 and 4.29 (3.18–5.78), P < 0.0001, respectively].ConclusionsIn HF outpatients, antithrombotics are widely used. Bleeding occurs at a stable rate of 1.2% annually (as frequent as ischaemic events) and is associated with a dramatic increase in mortality (at least as severe as ischaemic events). Most events occurred in patients receiving anticoagulation. Knowledge of these findings may help physicians to manage antithrombotics in HF patients.
Prevalence and determinants of systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in acute ischemic stroke patients: The SICFAIL study
Authors: Heuschmann Peter U. , Montellano Felipe A. , Ungethüm Kathrin , Rücker Viktoria , Wiedmann Silke , Mackenrodt Daniel , Quilitzsch Anika , Ludwig Timo , Kraft Peter , Albert Judith , Morbach Caroline , Frantz Stefan , Störk Stefan , Haeusler Karl Georg , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsIschaemic stroke (IS) might induce alterations of cardiac function. Prospective data on frequency of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure (HF) after IS are lacking. We assessed prevalence and determinants of diastolic dysfunction (DD), systolic dysfunction (SD), and HF in patients with acute IS.Methods and resultsThe Stroke‐Induced Cardiac FAILure in mice and men (SICFAIL) study is a prospective, hospital‐based cohort study. Patients with IS underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in the acute phase (median 4 days after IS) including clinical examination, standardized transthoracic echocardiography by expert sonographers, and determination of blood‐based biomarkers. Information on demographics, lifestyle, risk factors, symptoms suggestive of HF, and medical history was collected by a standardized personal interview. Applying current guidelines, cardiac dysfunction was classified based on echocardiographic criteria into SD (left ventricular ejection fraction < 52% in men or <54% in women) and DD (≥3 signs of DD in patients without SD). Clinically overt HF was classified into HF with reduced, mid‐range, or preserved ejection fraction. Between January 2014 and February 2017, 696 IS patients were enrolled. Of them, patients with sufficient echocardiographic data on SD were included in the analyses {n = 644 patients [median age 71 years (interquartile range 60–78), 61.5% male]}. In these patients, full assessment of DD was feasible in 549 patients without SD (94%). Prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and HF was as follows: SD 9.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–12.2%]; DD in patients without SD 23.3% (95% CI 20.0–27.0%); and clinically overt HF 5.4% (95% CI 3.9–7.5%) with subcategories of HF with preserved ejection fraction 4.35%, HF with mid‐range ejection fraction 0.31%, and HF with reduced ejection fraction 0.78%. In multivariable analysis, SD and fulfilment of HF criteria were associated with history of coronary heart disease [SD: odds ratio (OR) 3.87, 95% CI 1.93–7.75, P = 0.0001; HF: OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04–5.05, P = 0.0406] and high‐sensitive troponin T at baseline (SD: OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31–2.42, P = 0.0003; HF: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.33, P = 0.004); DD was associated with older age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.11, P < 0.0001) and treated hypertension vs. no hypertension (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.23–6.54, P = 0.0405).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of the study population exhibited subclinical and clinical cardiac dysfunction. SICFAIL provides reliable data on prevalence and determinants of SD, DD, and clinically overt HF in patients with acute IS according to current guidelines, enabling further clarification of its aetiological and prognostic role.
Recent Developments in Deaminative Functionalization of Alkyl Amines
Authors: Li Yi‐Na , Xiao Fang , Guo Yu , Zeng Yao‐Fu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe amino group is one of the most prevalent functional groups present in a wide range of organic molecules, which has been widely applied in various organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals. Alkyl amines could be converted in a single step into Katritzky salts which could serve as alkyl radical precursors to construct C−C bonds and C−X bonds via C(sp3)−N cleavage. This deaminative functionalization could be carried out under transition‐metal catalysis, photocatalysis, carbene catalysis or promoted by base. In this paper, recent developments in the deaminative functionalization of alkyl amines were covered. This review was categorized into four parts according to the nature of the bond formation. Some representative examples and corresponding reaction mechanisms were also summarized.
Recent Developments in C−H Functionalisation of Benzofurans and Benzothiophenes
Authors: Morgan David , Yarwood Stephen J. , Barker Graeme 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBenzofurans and benzothiophenes are important pharmaceutical motifs, appearing in a broad range of small molecule therapeutic classes. Often overlooked by synthetic methodologists in favour reactions of the analogous indole bicyclic system, there is nevertheless a plurality of approaches to effecting benzofuran and benzothiophene C−H functionalisations. In this review, we summarise progress in this area over the past five years, including 1) alkylations, 2) arylations and heteroarylations, 3) carboxylations, carbamoylations, and C‐heteroatom bond formations and 4) cyclisations.
Screening and genetic studies on resistance to Soil-born Cereal Mosaic Virus (SBWMV) in rye
Authors: Schlegel R. , Eifler J. , Schmidt M. , Schmiedchen B. , Ordon F. , Kastirr U. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to several reasons soil-borne viruses such as the furoviruses, i. e., cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) as well as the bymovirus wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) gained importance in cereal breeding including rye. High yield losses are recorded, today. Since there is no or little resistance to these viruses in modern rye cultivars, an extended screening for resistance was initiated. In addition to earlier screenings, 37 rye genotypes were tested for resistance. Among them, three genotypes were found with persistent resistance to SBCMV. They belong to Secale montanum and S. vavilovii species, i. e., wild types of rye. One accession, PC2243 (S. montanum), was used as a resistance donor for the present genetic study. In F2 generation, it was observed that resistance to SBCMV is independently inherited from WSSMV. The evaluation of the ELISA values pointed to a 3:1 distribution assuming duplicate dominant epistasis. Molecular marker analysis supports this segregation pattern. By composite interval mapping a QTL on chromosome 2R could be detected. It can be assumed that there is a DNA region of about 13 cM on the long arm of chromosome 2R (2RL) harboring SBCMV resistance with the closest markers “C9654_1947” and “isotig11640”.
Moreover, genotypes with a yellow seed coat showed practically no infection with SBCMV. Thus, the resistance gene could be linked to the allele an1 determining non expression of anthocyanins. This locus was also mapped earlier on chromosome 2R.
A 13‐year Trajectory‐Based Analysis of Convection‐Driven Changes in Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Composition Over the United States
Authors: Tinney Emily N. , Homeyer Cameron R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMoist convection frequently reaches the tropopause and alters the distribution and concentration of radiatively important trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), but the overall impact of convection on regional and global UTLS composition remains largely unknown. To improve understanding of convection‐driven changes in water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the UTLS, this study utilizes 13 years of observations of satellite‐based trace gas profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite and convection from the operational network of ground‐based weather radars in the United States. Locations with and without convection identified via radar are matched with downstream MLS observations through three‐dimensional, kinematic forward trajectories, providing two populations of trace gas observations for analysis. These populations are further classified as belonging to extratropical or tropical environments based on the tropopause pressure at the MLS profile location. Extratropical regions are further separated by tropopause type (single or double), revealing differing impacts. Results show that convection typically moistens the UT by up to 300% and the LS by up to 100%, largely reduces O3 by up to 40%, and increases CO by up to 50%. Changes in H2O and O3 are robust, with LS O3 reduced more by convection within tropical environments, where the median concentration decrease is 34% at ∼2 km above tropopause, compared to 24% in extratropical environments. Quantification of CO changes from convection is less reliable due to differences being near the MLS measurement precision and accuracy.
Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Impatiens balsamina is an annual herb thought to be native to India and Myanmar. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range as an ornamental to Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania and some parts of tropical Africa. It has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in disturbed sites and semi-natural habitats including secondary forests and forest edges. It spreads by seed and also vegetatively by stem fragments and can form dense stands in forest understory inhibiting germination and the establishment of seedlings, displacing native plant species. It is thought to be invasive to many tropical and subtropical islands in Oceania and the Caribbean as well as Costa Rica, Peru, the Galapagos Islands, the Philippines and parts of India.
Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

M. oleifera is a perennial tree thought to be native to India but now widely introduced and naturalized across the tropics and subtropics. It is also widely cultivated for a range of purposes including for human consumption, as livestock feed and for use in cosmetics. Its increasing commercialisation and international trade are likely to result in further spread of this species, though its sensitivity to low temperatures may restrict its distribution to tropical and subtropical regions. There is conflicting information about the invasive nature and potential spread of this species. It is listed as invasive in the British Indian Ocean Territory, China, Philippines, Palau, the Solomon Islands and Cuba; though there is a lack of information about its invasive nature or its effect on native flora and natural habitats in these countries. Furthermore, despite being listed as a weed in many countries, it has not been observed invading intact habitats or displacing native flora. As a result, M. oleifera should be regarded at present as a widely cultivated species with low invasive potential.
Grey facet-controlled anatase nanosheets for photocatalytic H2 evolution without co-catalyst
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Kim Hyesung , Denisov Nikita , Fehn Dominik , Schmidt Jochen , Meyer Karsten , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, black and grey titania in various morphologies have been intensively investigated for their high performance in photocatalytic H2 generation. Here we use titania nanosheets (NSs) with a large percentage of (001) facets and hydrogenate them to activate suitable Ti3+-Ov defects for co-catalyst free H2 generation. Key to a highly active NS-catalyst is the prevention of serious deformation and sintering during the thermal hydrogenation. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of different thermally treated NSs characterized by scanning electron microscope, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, TEM-energy-dispersive x-ray, x-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic response, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photocatalytic H2 evolution performance. We describe how to achieve robust grey NSs with an intact two-dimensional shape that can endure hydrogenation at the required high temperatures. Due to a defined faceting, these optimized ‘grey’ NSs can produce photocatalytic H2 at a higher rate than previously reported best performing grey nanoparticles—this in spite of having a lower Brunauer–Emmett–Teller than the reduced nanoparticles.
Structural origins of carbon quantum dot luminescence by synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Adsetts Jonathan Ralph , Hoesterey Salena , Love David A , Ding Zhifeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A carbon quantum dot (CQD) sample series was synthesized from citric acid and varying concentrations of thiourea. The highest (sample 1) and lowest (sample 2) concentrations of thiourea exhibited unique visual effects and electronic structures. X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) along with UV-visible spectroscopy provided unique insight into the absorption and emission mechanisms of samples 1 and 2, where only sample 2 emitted XEOL. Sample 1 exhibited the commonly observed aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) effects in the solid state. While sample 2 displayed unique aggregation induced emissions (AIE) effects upon exciting the sample above the C K edge. The AIE and ACQ sample differences were suspected to be from S moiety differences arising from the varying thiourea concentrations during synthesis. Furthermore, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in modes of total electron yields (TEY) and partial fluorescence yields (PFY) allowed the identification of specific core and surface states of the CQDs. It was discovered that thiophene moieties were uniquely formed in the AIE sample’s surface and not anywhere in the ACQ CQD sample. The thiophene surface functionality is believed to be a significant contributor to the AIE effects seen in the XEOL studies. Understanding and preventing the common CQD ACQ mechanism allows the application of CQDs in solid lighting applications.
Population-Based Screening for Functional Disability in Older Adults
Authors: Ankuda Claire K , Freedman Vicki A , Covinsky Kenneth E , Kelley Amy S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Screening for functional disability is a promising strategy to identify high-need older adults. We compare 2 disability measures, activities of daily living (ADLs), and life space constriction (LSC), in predicting hospitalization and mortality in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
We used the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study of 30,885 observations of adults aged 65 years and older. Outcomes were 1-year mortality and hospitalization. Predictors were ADLs (receiving help with bathing, eating, dressing, toileting, getting out of bed, walking inside) and LSC (frequency of leaving home).

Results
Of respondents, 12.4% reported 3 or more ADLs and 10.8% reported rarely/never leaving home. ADL disability and LSC predicted high rates of 1-year mortality and hospitalization: of those with 3 or more ADLs, 46.4% died and 41.0% were hospitalized; of those who never/rarely left home, 40.7% died and 37.0% were hospitalized. Of those with both 3 or more ADLs and who never/rarely left home, 58.4% died. ADL and LSC disability combined was more predictive of 1-year mortality and hospitalization than either measure alone. ADL disability and LSC screens identified overlapping but distinct populations. LSC identified more women (72.6% vs 63.8% with ADL disability), more people who live alone (40.7% vs 30.7%), fewer who were White (71.7% vs 76.2%) with cancer (27.6% vs 32.4), and reported pain (67.1% vs 70.0%).

Discussion and Implications
LSC and ADLs both independently predicted mortality and hospitalization but using both screens was most predictive. Routine screening for ADLs and LSC could help health systems identify those at high risk for mortality and health care use.
Systematically Reviewing American Law and Public Administration: A Call for Dialogue and Theory Building
Authors: Osorio Andrew , Nielsen Sarah , Christensen Robert K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany of the world’s most pressing issues lay at the intersection of law and public administration. However, many have long lamented the relatively weak and atomized state of law and public administration scholarship. In this article, we use bibliometric and content analyses to systematically assess the last 20 years of literature, exploring the extent to which law and public administration have developed as a coherent paradigm. In short, we provide a contemporary assessment of the past assertion that “public administration has largely abandoned or forgotten its roots in public law—in the Constitution, statutes, and case law.” While we conclude that little changed in the last two decades, we offer some insights on the theoretical integration of law and public administration identifying strengths, weaknesses, and future avenues to advance paradigm building. Many of these recommendations necessitate better cross- and inner-field integration of voices and ideas.