bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the cognitive phenotype of post‐stroke fatigue using computerized assessment and computational modeling of sustained attention
Authors: Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Alnæs Dag , Kolskår Knut K. , Richard Geneviève , Sanders Anne‐Marthe , Dørum Erlend S. , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Pedersen Mads L. , Tornås Sveinung , Nordvik Jan E. , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPost‐stroke fatigue (PSF) is prevalent among stroke patients, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Many patients with PSF experience cognitive difficulties, but studies aiming to identify cognitive correlates of PSF have been largely inconclusive. With the aim of characterizing the relationship between subjective fatigue and attentional function, we collected behavioral data using the attention network test (ANT) and self‐reported fatigue scores using the fatigue severity scale (FSS) from 53 stroke patients. In order to evaluate the utility and added value of computational modeling for delineating specific underpinnings of response time (RT) distributions, we fitted a hierarchical drift diffusion model (hDDM) to the ANT data. Results revealed a relationship between fatigue and RT distributions. Specifically, there was a positive interaction between FSS score and elapsed time on RT. Group analyses suggested that patients without PSF increased speed during the course of the session, while patients with PSF did not. In line with the conventional analyses based on observed RT, the best fitting hDD model identified an interaction between elapsed time and fatigue on non‐decision time, suggesting an increase in time needed for stimulus encoding and response execution rather than cognitive information processing and evidence accumulation. These novel results demonstrate the significance of considering the sustained nature of effort when defining the cognitive phenotype of PSF, intuitively indicating that the cognitive phenotype of fatigue entails an increased vulnerability to sustained effort, and suggest that the use of computational approaches offers a further characterization of specific processes underlying behavioral differences.
Language anxiety and the online learner
Authors: Russell Victoria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForeign language classroom anxiety is a construct that has been investigated since the 1980s, yet few studies have examined language anxiety in the context of the online learning environment. In this literature review, the following guiding questions were examined: (a) What is foreign language classroom anxiety? (b) What are the research findings on language anxiety among online learners? (c) What can instructors do to help alleviate their online students' perceived levels of language anxiety? In addition to an exploration of the guiding questions, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, which was developed by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986), is described in detail as well as how language educators can use it as a tool in their own classrooms to measure their students' perceived language anxiety levels. The pedagogical implications include recommended techniques and interventions for helping online language learners feel less isolated, less anxious, and more connected to their teacher and to their peers. Given the large number of students who are currently engaged in online or remote language learning due to COVID‐19, it is important to consider how affective factors, such as anxiety, can impede learning outcomes. Furthermore, language educators and their students were required to transition rapidly to the online environment without sufficient time or preparation for it, which is an additional cause of stress for both students and instructors alike. The article concludes with suggestions for future research on online language anxiety.
Mind the gap: Advancing evolutionary approaches to regional development with progressive empirical strategies
Authors: Kedron Peter , F. Kogler Dieter , Rocchetta Silvia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExplaining the persistently uneven spatial patterns of development remains a central goal of economic geography and regional science. Recognizing that regional development is a process of ongoing change, many scholars now approach the topic from an evolutionary perspective that identifies knowledge recombination processes and institutions as key drivers of change. However, research has not yet fully integrated the various theoretical perspectives and empirical data streams that characterize evolutionary approaches. The present contribution identifies how an evolutionary approach centered on knowledge and institutions can be integrated with complementary forms of evidence gathered from a variety of sources to advance our understanding of regional development. Expanding and integrating the evidence base used to study regional change has important implications for making effective and responsive policy instruments.
Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma: clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis of eight cases
Authors: García‐Souto Fernando , Pereyra‐Rodriguez José Juan , Cabrera‐Perez Rocío , Durán‐Romero Antonio José , Escudero‐Ordoñez Jerónimo , Conejo‐Mir Julián 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic tumor comprising malignant epithelial and heterologous mesenchymal elements. Data on the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this tumor are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous carcinosarcoma.MethodsA descriptive retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from Spain. We reviewed the records of eight patients with cutaneous carcinosarcoma who were diagnosed from 2009 to 2019.ResultsThe mean patient age at diagnosis was 72.13 years (range 44–91 years), and there was a male predilection (6 cases). The most common site of cutaneous carcinosarcoma was the head and neck (5 cases). Carcinosarcomas demonstrated variable histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Follow‐up was available for 7–8 patients. There were two cases of local recurrence and one case of metastasis. Two patients died from the tumor during the entire follow‐up.ConclusionsAlthough the number of cases in this study was limited, our results provide valuable insight into the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma.
Supporting people with an intellectual disability and dementia: A constructivist grounded theory study exploring care providers’ views and experiences in the UK
Authors: Herron Daniel Lee , Priest Helena M. , Read Sue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to better understand the experiences and support needs of paid and family carers of people with an intellectual disability and dementia, and the role of Intellectual Disability Dementia Care Pathways (IDDCPs). This study explored the experiences of carers, and IDDCPs and other support structures within those experiences.MethodsA constructivist grounded theory methodology was implemented. Data were obtained through 23 semi‐structured interviews with two family carers, eight paid carers and eight healthcare professionals.FindingsThe study's theory produced five interrelated categories: Impact of Dementia, Challenging the Diagnosis Process, Continuum of Support, Continuity and Continuum of Understanding.ConclusionsFindings have demonstrated the importance of planning and supporting carers’ holistic needs; the role of an IDDCP in the post‐diagnostic support (or lack of it) for carers; and the importance of a timely diagnosis of dementia. Recommendations for practice are offered.
Age‐related difference of the association of cardiovascular risk factors with the cardio‐ankle vascular index in the Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (the Coupling Registry)
Authors: Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Fujiwara Takeshi , Negishi Keita , Nishizawa Masafumi , Yamamoto Mitsuyoshi , Yamagiwa Kayo , Kawashima Akihiro , Yoshida Tetsuro , Nakazato Jun , Matsui Yoshio , Sekizuka Hiromitsu , Abe Hideyasu , Abe Yasuhisa , Fujita Yumiko , Sato Kei , Narita Keisuke , Tsuchiya Norihiro , Kubota Yoshiaki , Hashizume Toshikazu , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe value of the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) increases with age. All large‐scale studies of the CAVI have investigated patients <80 years old. Thus, the clinical characteristics of high CAVI in patients aged 80 or more remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated (1) the CAVI in very elderly patients and (2) the determinants of a high CAVI in high‐risk patients, including very elderly patients. The Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (Coupling Registry) is a prospective observational study of Japanese outpatients with any cardiovascular risk factors. We enrolled 5109 patients from 30 institutions (average age 68.7 ± 11.4 years, 52.4% males). We investigated the determinants of the CAVI by separating the patients into three groups: 970 middle‐aged (<60 years), 3252 elderly (60‐79 years), and 887 very elderly (≥80 years) patients. The CAVI values of the males were significantly higher those of the females in all age groups (<60 years: 7.81 ± 1.11 vs. 7.38 ± 0.99, P < .001; 60‐79 years: 9.20 ± 1.29 vs. 8.66 ± 1.07, P < .001; ≥80 years: 10.26 ± 1.39 vs. 9.51 ± 1.12, P < .001). In all age groups, the CAVI of the patients with diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder was higher than that of the patients without diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder (<60 years: 7.82 ± 1.22 vs 7.58 ± 1.03, P = .002; 60‐79 years: 9.23 ± 1.20 vs 8.78 ± 1.19, P < .001; ≥80 years: 10.04 ± 1.24 vs 9.75 ± 1.32, P = .002). The determinants of the CAVI in these very elderly patients were age, male sex, low BMI, and mean blood pressure. Diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder and glucose were independently associated with the CAVI in the patients aged <60 years and 60‐79 years, but not in those aged ≥80 years after adjusting for other covariates.
Vipera snakebite in Europe: a systematic review of a neglected disease
Authors: Paolino G. , Di Nicola M.R. , Pontara A. , Didona D. , Moliterni E. , Mercuri S.R. , Grano M. , Borgianni N. , Kumar R. , Pampena R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2009, snakebites were included in the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) neglected diseases. Dermatological literature lacks current and up‐to‐date articles about snakebites and their management, despite the fact that dermatologists, especially from rural hospitals, can be called into the emergency room to consult the management of suspected snakebites. In this systematic review, we highlighted the main clinical and laboratory aspects of snakebites from Vipera spp. in Europe, by reviewing 3574 studies initially retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Of these, 78 were finally included in the systematic review. We found that the most involved taxon was V. berus in 63.3% and the most involved anatomic site of the bite was the upper limbs 53.1% with fang marks reported in 90.5%. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 years, and bites were slightly more common among males (58.2%). A wound washing was performed in 86.9% of cases before the hospitalization. The most frequently reported grade of envenomation was G2 (42.2%). In addition to local dermatological symptoms (extended erythema, oedema, cutaneous necrosis, hives, purpura, petechiae, acute compartment syndrome), numerous systemic symptoms have also been reported, including fatigue (14.4%), pain (75.3%), fever (49.2%), direct anaphylactoid reaction (5.3%), anxiety (60.8%), cranial nerve neurotoxicity (14.8%), dysesthesia/paraesthesia (7.9%), vomiting (33.7%), abdominal pain (23.3%), diarrhoea (15.4%), dyspnoea (6.3%), proteinuria (10.6%) and haematuria (9.3%). Secondary infections were present in 3.5% and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 3.1% of cases, and fasciotomy was performed in 4.2% cases, while an amputation in 6.9%. Only 0.9% of patients died. Antivenom was administered in 3053 cases. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for robust multi‐centre randomized control trials, standardized protocol for snakebite management and antivenom administration across Europe and a National snakebite register for each European country.
Dermoscopy of genital diseases: a review
Authors: Lacarrubba F. , Borghi A. , Verzì A.E. , Corazza M. , Stinco G. , Micali G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe male and female external genital regions are anatomical areas in which various types of skin disorders may occur. Although most of these conditions can be diagnosed by means of clinical examination and an accurate medical history, in most cases further investigations with time‐consuming and/or invasive procedures are needed in order to reach the correct diagnosis. Dermoscopy, as a modern non‐invasive tool, is able to better diagnose pigmented and non‐pigmented skin tumours along with various inflammatory and infectious skin and appendage disorders. The aim of this paper was to provide a review of the use of dermoscopy in genital disorders based on published data and to include personal experience gained from real life, focusing on any possible gender difference and whether disease mucosal/semimucosal dermoscopy features may differ from those observed on the skin. In conclusion, genital dermoscopy should always be considered during clinical inspection in order to enhance the diagnosis or to rule out those conditions that may look similar but that show a different dermoscopy pattern, thus narrowing down the differential diagnoses and avoiding unnecessary invasive investigations.
Comorbidities in pediatric alopecia areata
Authors: Conic R.Z. , Tamashunas N.L. , Damiani G. , Fabbrocini G. , Cantelli M. ,   Young Dermatologists Italian Network, Bergfeld W.F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundComorbidities are associated with higher health care costs, complex management, and poorer health outcomes. Identification and treatment of comorbid conditions in paediatric alopecia areata (AA) patients could provide an opportunity to improve health outcomes.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of comorbidities among paediatric patients with AA using a large de‐identified aggregated patient database.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study using aggregated health record data through April 1, 2019. Patients ≤18 years of age, with alopecia areata (n = 3510) and without alopecia areata (n = 8 310 710) were identified. The primary outcome was the prevalence of comorbidities among AA patients.ResultsOf the 8 314 220 paediatric patients, 3510 (1570 males and 1940 females) had a diagnosis of alopecia areata. The most common comorbidities included atopic dermatitis (17.4% vs. 2.2% controls, OR 9.2, 95% CI 8.55–10.18, P < 0.001), anaemia (7.7% vs. 2.4% controls, OR 3.4, 95% CI 3.06–3.92, P < 0.001), obesity (5.7% vs. 1.1% controls, OR 5.6, 95% CI 4.76–6.34, P < 0.001), vitamin D deficiency (5.1% vs. 0.4% controls, OR 14.7, 95% CI 13.5–18.1, P < 0.001), hypothyroidism (2.6% vs. 0.2% controls, OR 12, 95% CI 10.73–15.9, P < 0.001), vitiligo (1.4% vs. 0.04% controls, OR 32.2, 95% CI 24.01–42.1, P < 0.001), psoriasis (1.4% vs. 0.07% controls, OR 20.6, 95% CI 15.55–27.2, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (1.4% vs. 0.2% controls, OR 5.9, 95% CI 4.4–7.7, P < 0.001), and depression (2.6% vs. 0.6% controls, OR 4.8, 95% CI 5.09–9.45, P < 0.001).ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that children with AA are more likely to have certain autoimmune and metabolic disorders than the general paediatric population. Paediatric AA patients display a severe burden of autoimmune and metabolic diseases, thus in daily practice, dermatologists might consider multidisciplinary management in these patients.
Risk of connective tissue disease, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Schneeweiss M.C. , Merola J.F. , Schneeweiss S. , Wyss R. , Rosmarin D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been associated with auto‐inflammatory conditions, yet the risk of developing connective tissue disease (CTD), morphoea and systemic vasculitis has not been well‐characterized.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the risk of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with HS.MethodsUsing claims data, we identified patients with HS and used 2 : 1 risk‐set sampling to identify patients without HS. Patients with existing CTD were excluded. Patient follow‐up lasted until first occurrence of the following events: the occurrence of outcome (i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, morphoea, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren’s Syndrome and systemic vasculitis), death, disenrolment or end of data stream. Hazard ratios (HR) of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis were computed after 1 : 1 propensity score (PS) matching.ResultsAfter 2 : 1 risk‐set sampling, we identified 78 122 HS patients and 156 247 non‐HS comparators. The mean follow‐up was 540 days. After PS matching, HS patients had an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus HR = 1.63 (1.31–2.03) and morphoea HR = 2.02 (1.32–3.11), compared to non‐HS patients. We did not observe an increased risk for systemic sclerosis HR = 0.90 (0.59–1.44), Sjogren’s Syndrome HR = 0.91 (0.73–1.14) or systemic vasculitis HR = 0.87 (0.64–1.20).ConclusionIn this population‐based study, we observed an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematous and morphoea subsequent to a first‐recorded diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Color match of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations with different thicknesses and backgrounds
Authors: Tabatabaian Farhad , Karimi Mandana , Namdari Mahshid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of ceramic thickness and background type on the color match of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations.Materials and MethodsFifty A2 shade high translucency zirconia disk specimens with five different thicknesses (0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.4, 1.6 mm) were placed on 12 backgrounds: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B1, and B2 shade composite resin, A3 shade zirconia, nonprecious gold‐colored alloy, nickel‐chromium alloy, amalgam, and A2 and A3 shade tooth. Color measurements were performed to determine the specimens' CIELab values. CIEDE2000 formula was used to determine ΔE00 color differences between specimens and A2 VITA classical shade (target). The ΔE00 values were compared with perceptibility (0.8) and acceptability (1.8) thresholds to assess color matches. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni, and 1‐sample t tests (P < .05).ResultsMean ΔE00 values ranged between 1.3 and 5.7. Ceramic thickness, background type, and their interaction significantly affected the ΔE00 (P < .001). Ceramic thicknesses of ≥1.1 mm with the A2 or A3 shade tooth background showed 0.8 < ΔE00 ≤ 1.8 producing acceptable color matches.ConclusionsHigh translucency monolithic zirconia restorations with a minimum thickness of 1.1 mm on tooth backgrounds could create acceptable color matches; however, with other backgrounds tested, they could not.Clinical SignificanceCeramic thickness and background type affect the color of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations. A minimum zirconia thickness of 1.1 mm and normal color tooth structures, as a background, are essential for achieving the acceptable color match of these restorations.
Talk to Me: An Analysis of Statutes Regulating Police Interviews of Child Victims
Authors: Klein Michael , Dorsch Caitlin , Hemmens Craig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren can be unreliable witnesses, and they are especially vulnerable to questionable interview practices. However, in some crimes like child sexual abuse, children may be the only person capable of providing testimonial evidence. States must balance the needs of bringing criminals who target children to justice and ensuring that due process is upheld to reduce the chances of false convictions. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has published a set best‐practices for the interviewing of children to achieve this balance. This article conducts a statutory analysis to determine if states are currently following the recommendations of the OJJDP.
MMPI‐2 and 16PF‐5 Personality Traits of Parents Involved in Personality Assessment
Authors: Gambetti Elisa , Zucchelli Micaela M. , Nori Raffaella , Giusberti Fiorella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study focused on both the MMPI‐2 scales and the 16PF‐5 primary and global factors, involving 213 individuals who were court‐ordered to undergo a personality assessment in neglect and/or abuse cases. Results showed a defensive approach to the assessment and specific psychological characteristics indicated by moderate range elevations in the MMPI‐2 clinical scales 4 and 6 and in the 16PF‐5 Tough‐Mindedness, and high scores of 16PF‐5 Self‐Control associated with low scores of PSY‐5 Disconstraint. Finally, this study revealed strong associations between MMPI‐2 PSY‐5 and 16PF‐5 global factors, offering a detailed picture of psychological functioning.
Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: A nationwide survey
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Arai Katsuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Tajiri Hitoshi , Hokari Ryota , Suzuki Yasuo , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimVery early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease is defined as inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed before 6 years of age. Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease has various differential diagnoses, including primary immunodeficiency disorders, and is known to be resistant to conventional treatment. Therefore, global attention is required to manage this challenging condition. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological survey of the number of patients, final diagnosis, and examinations performed to diagnose very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease in Japan.MethodsA primary questionnaire about the number of very early‐onset bowel disease cases and its diagnosis was administered to 630 pediatric facilities nationwide in Japan. A secondary survey about the examinations performed to achieve diagnosis was sent to the facilities that responded to the first survey.ResultsThe answering rate was 92.2% (581/630 facilities); 81 facilities had 225 very early‐onset bowel disease patients undergoing their care during the past 68 months. Twenty‐six patients (11.6%) were diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease. The answering rate of the secondary survey was 70.4% (57/81 facilities). Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and small bowel imaging were performed for 99.4%, 67.5%, and 28.8% of patients, respectively. Genetic analysis was performed for 26.9% (43/160 patients) of patients, and 51.2% (22/43) of patients were diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionsApproximately 40 patients are diagnosed yearly in Japan. Imaging studies, especially for small bowel lesions, can be challenging for this unique group of patients. However, a comprehensive approach including immunological and genetic analyses appears useful for diagnosing immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease.