bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laminados cerâmicos e preparos minimamente invasivos associados ao clareamento dental
Authors: Santi Marina Rodrigues , Noronha Mayara dos Santos , Guarato Fernanda Rodrigues Borges Amaral , Caldeira Milena Maria Pierre dos Santos 
Published: October 2020

A indicação de laminados cerâmicos deve ser precedida de um diagnóstico criterioso, onde deve-se estar atento aos passos e aspectos clínicos envolvidos nesse tipo de reabilitação. Este relato de caso tem como objetivo descrever a sequência clínica de uma reabilitação estética dos dentes 11 e 21 empregando laminados cerâmicos de dissilicato de lítio com desgaste dental seletivo minimamente invasivo associado ao clareamento prévio, proporcionando a reprodução das características naturais dos dentes.Descritores: Clareamento Dental; Cerâmica; Estética Dentária.ReferênciasD'Arcangelo C, De Angelis F, Vadini M, D'Amario M. Clinical evaluation on porcelain laminate veneers bonded with light-cured composite: results up to 7 years. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(4):1071-79.Benetti AR, Miranda CB, Amore R, Pagani C. Facetas indiretas em porcelana-alternativa estética. J Bras Dent Estét. 2003;2(7):186-94.Teixeira HM, Nascimento ABL, Emerrenciano M. Reabilitação da Estética com Facetas Indiretas de Porcelana. J Bras Dent Estét. 2003;2(7):219-23.Jarad FD, Griffiths CE, Jaffri M, Adeyemi AA, Youngson CC. The effect of bleaching, varying the shade or thickness of composite veneers on final colour: an in vitro study. J Dent. 2008;36(7):554-59.Lowe E. Achieving total smile enhancement through tooth whitening and placement of a single anterior veneer restoration. Dent Today. 2001;20(12):44-8Fradeani M, Redemagni M, Corrado M. Porcelain laminate veneers: 6- to 12-year clinical evaluation-a retrospective study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25(1):9-17. Aquino APT, Cardoso PC, Rodrigues MB, Takano AE, Porfírio W. Facetas de porcelana: solução estética e funcional. Clin int j braz dent. 2009;5(2):142-52.Higashi C, Reggiani RD, Kina S, Scopin O, Hirata R. Cerâmicas em Dentes Anteriores Parte I. Indicações Clínicas dos sistemas cerâmicos. Clin int j braz dent. 2006;2(1):22-31.Kina S, Brugrera A. Inivisível: restaurações estéticas cerâmicas. Maringá: Dental Press; 2007.
Nepal–India water cooperation: consequences of mutuality or hegemony?
Authors: Bagale Dharma Raj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the relationship between Nepal and India, particularly in water resources cooperation. The two South Asian neighbours have entered into a number of agreements/treaties in water resources, namely, Sarada Agreement (1920), Kosi Agreement (1954), Gandak Agreement (1959) and Mahakali Treaty (1996). Nepal is criticized within the country for being unable to secure its benefits, and that all the agreements are in India's favour. However, the Indian side claims that overpoliticization of water issues in Nepal is the reason for not achieving the benefits from these agreements. Since the Mahakali Treaty, there has been deadlock in Nepal–India water cooperation as the implementation of the treaty has not materialized even after more than two decades since its ratification. Therefore, all the forms of cooperation in the past between Nepal and India can be viewed as the consequence of hydro-hegemony rather than mutuality. The article concludes that both nations need to move forward to create mutual trust for the equitable utilization of water resources, as there is huge potential for constructive cooperation.
Resource-based agricultural non-point source pollution control using biological agents
Authors: Kan Delong , Duan Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-point source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of the deterioration of surface water quality. Effectively controlling NPS pollution, especially that from rural areas, is critical in improving the quality and safety of water resources. However, most of the approaches employed for NPS control are low-efficiency or impractical owing to ignorance of the willingness of participants, as well as the high cost. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency, this study newly proposes a resource-based approach for agricultural NPS pollution control via using biological agents. In this approach, the domestic organic waste and livestock manure are economically utilized to produce organic fertilizers and plant protection agents to replace harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides, respectively. The approach has been applied in the Danjiangkou catchment area in Nanyang City, and the results show that: (1) the most severe pollutants, total P and total N concentrations have been effectively reduced and their values in 2025 are predicted to be the same level as that before significant deterioration; (2) with unpowered sewage treatment and spontaneous participation of farmers, the treatment cost is significantly reduced; (3) the resource-based treatment of domestic waste and livestock manure supports the development of an efficient and sustainable agricultural economy.
Development of Phenotyping Algorithms for the Identification of Organ Transplant Recipients: Cohort Study
Authors: Wheless Lee , Baker Laura , Edwards LaVar , Anand Nimay , Birdwell Kelly , Hanlon Allison , Chren Mary-Margaret 
Published: October 2020

Background
Studies involving organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are often limited to the variables collected in the national Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Electronic health records contain additional variables that can augment this data source if OTRs can be identified accurately.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop phenotyping algorithms to identify OTRs from electronic health records.

Methods
We used Vanderbilt’s deidentified version of its electronic health record database, which contains nearly 3 million subjects, to develop algorithms to identify OTRs. We identified all 19,817 individuals with at least one International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for organ transplantation. We performed a chart review on 1350 randomly selected individuals to determine the transplant status. We constructed machine learning models to calculate positive predictive values and sensitivity for combinations of codes by using classification and regression trees, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting algorithms.

Results
Of the 1350 reviewed patient charts, 827 were organ transplant recipients while 511 had no record of a transplant, and 12 were equivocal. Most patients with only 1 or 2 transplant codes did not have a transplant. The most common reasons for being labeled a nontransplant patient were the lack of data (229/511, 44.8%) or the patient being evaluated for an organ transplant (174/511, 34.1%). All 3 machine learning algorithms identified OTRs with overall >90% positive predictive value and >88% sensitivity.

Conclusions
Electronic health records linked to biobanks are increasingly used to conduct large-scale studies but have not been well-utilized in organ transplantation research. We present rigorously evaluated methods for phenotyping OTRs from electronic health records that will enable the use of the full spectrum of clinical data in transplant research. Using several different machine learning algorithms, we were able to identify transplant cases with high accuracy by using only ICD and CPT codes.
Identifying Ectopic Pregnancy in a Large Integrated Health Care Delivery System: Algorithm Validation
Authors: Getahun Darios , Shi Jiaxiao M , Chandra Malini , Fassett Michael J , Alexeeff Stacey , Im Theresa M , Chiu Vicki Y , Armstrong Mary Anne , Xie Fagen , Stern Julie , Takhar Harpreet S , Asiimwe Alex , Raine-Bennett Tina 
Published: October 2020

Background
Surveillance of ectopic pregnancy (EP) using electronic databases is important. To our knowledge, no published study has assessed the validity of EP case ascertainment using electronic health records.

Objective
We aimed to assess the validity of an enhanced version of a previously validated algorithm, which used a combination of encounters with EP-related diagnostic/procedure codes and methotrexate injections.

Methods
Medical records of 500 women aged 15-44 years with membership at Kaiser Permanente Southern and Northern California between 2009 and 2018 and a potential EP were randomly selected for chart review, and true cases were identified. The enhanced algorithm included diagnostic/procedure codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, used telephone appointment visits, and excluded cases with only abdominal EP diagnosis codes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall performance (Youden index and F-score) of the algorithm were evaluated and compared to the validated algorithm.

Results
There were 334 true positive and 166 true negative EP cases with available records. True positive and true negative EP cases did not differ significantly according to maternal age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. EP cases with only one encounter and non-tubal EPs were more likely to be misclassified. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the enhanced algorithm for EP were 97.6%, 84.9%, 92.9%, and 94.6%, respectively. The Youden index and F-score were 82.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV were lower for the previously published algorithm at 94.3% and 88.1%, respectively. The sensitivity of surgical procedure codes from electronic chart abstraction to correctly identify surgical management was 91.9%. The overall accuracy, defined as the percentage of EP cases with correct management (surgical, medical, and unclassified) identified by electronic chart abstraction, was 92.3%.

Conclusions
The performance of the enhanced algorithm for EP case ascertainment in integrated health care databases is adequate to allow for use in future epidemiological studies. Use of this algorithm will likely result in better capture of true EP cases than the previously validated algorithm.
Effects of Goal Type and Reinforcement Type on Self-Reported Domain-Specific Walking Among Inactive Adults: 2×2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: McEntee Mindy L , Cantley Alison , Foreman Emily , Berardi Vincent , Phillips Christine B. , Hurley Jane C. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Hooker Steven , Adams Marc A 
Published: October 2020

Background
WalkIT Arizona was a 2×2 factorial trial examining the effects of goal type (adaptive versus static) and reinforcement type (immediate versus delayed) to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among insufficiently active adults. The 12-month intervention combined mobile health (mHealth) technology with behavioral strategies to test scalable population-health approaches to increasing MVPA. Self-reported physical activity provided domain-specific information to help contextualize the intervention effects.

Objective
The aim of this study was to report on the secondary outcomes of self-reported walking for transportation and leisure over the course of the 12-month WalkIT intervention.

Methods
A total of 512 participants aged 19 to 60 years (n=330 [64.5%] women; n=425 [83%] Caucasian/white, n=96 [18.8%] Hispanic/Latinx) were randomized into interventions based on type of goals and reinforcements. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form assessed walking for transportation and leisure at baseline, and at 6 months and 12 months of the intervention. Negative binomial hurdle models were used to examine the effects of goal and reinforcement type on (1) odds of reporting any (versus no) walking/week and (2) total reported minutes of walking/week, adjusted for neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status. Separate analyses were conducted for transportation and leisure walking, using complete cases and multiple imputation.

Results
All intervention groups reported increased walking at 12 months relative to baseline. Effects of the intervention differed by domain: a significant three-way goal by reinforcement by time interaction was observed for total minutes of leisure walking/week, whereas time was the only significant factor that contributed to transportation walking. A sensitivity analysis indicated minimal differences between complete case analysis and multiple imputation.

Conclusions
This study is the first to report differential effects of adaptive versus static goals for self-reported walking by domain. Results support the premise that individual-level PA interventions are domain- and context-specific and may be helpful in guiding further intervention refinement.

Trial Registration
Preregistered at clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT02717663) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02717663

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.001
Impact of Trump's Promotion of Unproven COVID-19 Treatments on Social Media and Subsequent Internet Trends: Observational Study
Authors: Niburski Kacper , Niburski Oskar 
Published: October 2020

Background
Individuals with large followings can influence public opinions and behaviors, especially during a pandemic. In the early days of the pandemic, US president Donald J Trump has endorsed the use of unproven therapies. Subsequently, a death attributed to the wrongful ingestion of a chloroquine-containing compound occurred.

Objective
We investigated Donald J Trump’s speeches and Twitter posts, as well as Google searches and Amazon purchases, and television airtime for mentions of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir.

Methods
Twitter sourcing was catalogued with Factba.se, and analytics data, both past and present, were analyzed with Tweet Binder to assess average analytics data on key metrics. Donald J Trump’s time spent discussing unverified treatments on the United States’ 5 largest TV stations was catalogued with the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, and his speech transcripts were obtained from White House briefings. Google searches and shopping trends were analyzed with Google Trends. Amazon purchases were assessed using Helium 10 software.

Results
From March 1 to April 30, 2020, Donald J Trump made 11 tweets about unproven therapies and mentioned these therapies 65 times in White House briefings, especially touting hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These tweets had an impression reach of 300% above Donald J Trump’s average. Following these tweets, at least 2% of airtime on conservative networks for treatment modalities like azithromycin and continuous mentions of such treatments were observed on stations like Fox News. Google searches and purchases increased following his first press conference on March 19, 2020, and increased again following his tweets on March 21, 2020. The same is true for medications on Amazon, with purchases for medicine substitutes, such as hydroxychloroquine, increasing by 200%.

Conclusions
Individuals in positions of power can sway public purchasing, resulting in undesired effects when the individuals’ claims are unverified. Public health officials must work to dissuade the use of unproven treatments for COVID-19.
A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study
Authors: Bin Morshed Mehrab , Kulkarni Samruddhi Shreeram , Li Richard , Saha Koustuv , Roper Leah Galante , Nachman Lama , Lu Hong , Mirabella Lucia , Srivastava Sanjeev , De Choudhury Munmun , de Barbaro Kaya , Ploetz Thomas , Abowd Gregory D 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEating behavior has a high impact on the well-being of an individual. Such behavior involves not only when an individual is eating, but also various contextual factors such as with whom and where an individual is eating and what kind of food the individual is eating. Despite the relevance of such factors, most automated eating detection systems are not designed to capture contextual factors.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to (1) design and build a smartwatch-based eating detection system that can detect meal episodes based on dominant hand movements, (2) design ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions to capture meal contexts upon detection of a meal by the eating detection system, and (3) validate the meal detection system that triggers EMA questions upon passive detection of meal episodes.MethodsThe meal detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of 3 weeks. The participants reported various contextual data through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria.ResultsAmong the total consumed meals, 89.8% (264/294) of breakfast, 99.0% (406/410) of lunch, and 98.0% (589/601) of dinner episodes were detected by our novel meal detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 96.48% (1259/1305) of the meals consumed by the participants. The meal detection classifier showed a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87.3%. We found that over 99% (1248/1259) of the detected meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. A high proportion of meals was consumed alone (680/1259, 54.01%). Our participants self-reported 62.98% (793/1259) of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior.ConclusionsThe presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture the eating context, which has strong implications for well-being research. We reflected on the contextual data gathered by our system and discussed how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.
Deep Learning–Based Detection of Early Renal Function Impairment Using Retinal Fundus Images: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Li Chien-Hung , Huang Yi-Jin , Kuo Chang-Fu , Kang Je-Ho , Chen Kuan-Jen , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi , Hwang Yih-Shiou 
Published: October 2020

Background
Retinal imaging has been applied for detecting eye diseases and cardiovascular risks using deep learning–based methods. Furthermore, retinal microvascular and structural changes were found in renal function impairments. However, a deep learning–based method using retinal images for detecting early renal function impairment has not yet been well studied.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning model for detecting early renal function impairment using retinal fundus images.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent renal function tests with color fundus images captured at any time between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2019. A deep learning model was constructed to detect impaired renal function from the images. Early renal function impairment was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Model performance was evaluated with respect to the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
In total, 25,706 retinal fundus images were obtained from 6212 patients for the study period. The images were divided at an 8:1:1 ratio. The training, validation, and testing data sets respectively contained 20,787, 2189, and 2730 images from 4970, 621, and 621 patients. There were 10,686 and 15,020 images determined to indicate normal and impaired renal function, respectively. The AUC of the model was 0.81 in the overall population. In subgroups stratified by serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, the AUCs were 0.81, 0.84, 0.85, and 0.87 for the HbA1c levels of ≤6.5%, >6.5%, >7.5%, and >10%, respectively.

Conclusions
The deep learning model in this study enables the detection of early renal function impairment using retinal fundus images. The model was more accurate for patients with elevated serum HbA1c levels.
ROLE OF PANCHAMAHABHOOTA IN DEVELOPMENT OF GARBHA AND GESTATIONAL ABNORMALITIES
Authors: J NANDEESH , DEVIDAS NIDHI 
Published: October 2020

Being close to the nature has helped Ayurveda to develop the principles which are time-tested. The unique concept of commonness between the cosmos and human body is the strength of Ayurveda. The presence of the five elements such as prithvi, jala, teja, vayu and akasha in all the dravya can be deduced from the verse, ‘sarvam dravyam panchabhoutikam’. The body is said to be anitya (temporary) as it undergoes some apoptotic changes each moment. To replenish the lost bodily element, human is dependent on the diet. Ahara being pancabhautika, replenishes the the body to maintain dhatusamyata. A living body has had intrauterine as “garbha” and extrauterine life in the form of “shaddhatuja purusha”. Pancamahabhoota play significant role in garbha avastha in designing the anatomy and physiology of the body. Anatomical or physiological abnormalities seen during or post labour are also attributed to the pancamahabhoota. This works throws light on the role of the five elements in maintaining the normalcy or causing any abnormality in a garbha which may eventually form the base of Ayurveda genetics.
El Código de Ética en la función pública del Uruguay
Authors: Correa Freitas Ruben 
Published: October 2020

<p>Se analiza el nuevo Código de Ética en la Función Pública de la República Oriental del Uruguay, sancionado por la Ley Nº 19.823 de fecha 18 de setiembre de 2019, que culmina un proceso de sucesivas normas jurídicas nacionales e internacionales aplicadas en la Administración Pública. Se estudia el concepto de ética en la doctrina, así como las normas de ética contenidas en la Constitución de la República de 1967. Asimismo, se detalla el trámite parlamentario que tuvo el Proyecto de Código, con especial referencia a algunas intervenciones en la discusión general de Senadores y Representantes Nacionales. En forma especial, se enumeran los principios fundamentales que consagra el Código de Ética uruguayo, explicando el alcance de cada uno de ellos, procurando una interpretación de los mismos para su aplicación práctica.</p>