bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between ‘Everyday’ and ‘Extraordinary’: Partition, violence and the communal riots of 1946 in Bihar
Authors: DUBEY ISHA 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe year 1937 saw the establishment of Congress Ministries in eight of the eleven provinces in which the provincial elections had been held, Bihar being one of them. The resounding victory of the Congress which secured a clear majority in the province of Bihar and the dismal performance of the Muslim League seemed at the time to depict the mood of the people in general. It was taken as a clear rejection of the politics of communalism and separatism and as an expression of faith in the secular credentials of the Indian National Congress. However, less than a decade later, the province was gripped by severe communal tensions and had become one of the most prominent parts of India from where the movement for Pakistan drew support. This article thus explores the nature of the communal violence that occurred in Bihar in 1946 against the backdrop of the ‘escalating’ communal tensions during the late 1930s and early 1940s. It seeks to problematise the dichotomy that exists in literature on communal violence between moments of what have been called ‘extraordinary’ violence (such as riots) and the everyday structures of (what Gyanendra Pandey has called) ‘routine violence’. Through its analysis of contemporary material produced by the Muslim League, the Congress Ministry and the provincial British administration to explain the causes of the 1946 riots in Bihar, it argues that it is in the moments of rupture presented by riots that everyday structures of violence are trivialised or normalised through processes of ‘dichotomisation’, ‘dehumanisation’ and ‘denial’.
Metachronous NSCLC in previously irradiated patients: is re-irradiation with SBRT a good option as definitive treatment?
Authors: Spatola Corrado , Milazzotto Roberto Massimo , Tocco Alessandra , Raffaele Luigi , La Monaca Viviana , Salamone Vincenzo , Milone Pietro , Foti Pietro Valerio , Pergolizzi Stefano , Basile Antonio , Privitera Giuseppe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim:Treatment of metachronous second primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients already treated with definitive radiotherapy is a matter of debate, since most patients are excluded from surgical treatment, which remains a therapeutic standard for patients with isolated lung masses. Salvage chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone offers a low probability of disease control. The option of re-irradiation often remains the only viable, but the risks of severe acute or late toxicities affecting the surrounding normal tissues make this a real clinical challenge.Materials and methods:From January 2015 to April 2018, five patients (male/female: 4/1; age 54–81 years, median 68) with previously irradiated NSCLC presented with a second primary lung tumour.Results:A partial response was seen in four patients, one complete responses in the fifth. The toxicity was low: two patients experienced a grade 2 asymptomatic radiation pneumonitis after 6 and 12 months from the end of stereotactic body radiation therapy, resolved with cortisone therapy. No acute or late oesophageal or cardiac toxicity was found.Findings:In this work, we present our initial experience about the use of stereotactic radiotherapy technique in already irradiated patients. We reported a local disease control in all cases with an acceptable toxicity.
Radiotherapy treatment planning for prostate and nodes using variable planning ring
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Yan Yue , Paliwal Bhudatt R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground:Prostate cancer is one of the most common solid malignancies and has a high morbidity rate. The uncertainty of the prostate location compromises the overall treatment plan optimisation. To account for the location uncertainty, the radiation oncologist needs to expand the margin of the planning target volume (PTV), which may increase the radiation toxicity to organs in proximity.Materials and methods:In this study, we investigated the quality of treatment plans for a patient with different ring sizes (2 and 3 cm). A small ring-shaped structure circumferentially around the PTV helps in defining the location of PTV. Prostate and pelvic node plans were analysed with dose prescription to 99% of PTV.Results:Additional ring-shaped structures led to more conformal dose coverage for target with reduced radiation side effects to nearby organ at risk (OAR). Expected treatment time was slightly higher for 2 cm ring compared to 3 cm ring. In case of prostate, expected duration was 4% higher, while for node plan, expected duration for 2 cm ring was 16% higher compared to 3 cm ring plan.Conclusions:It was observed that using a smaller size ring can lead to improved dose sparing to OAR with same target coverage as with larger dimension ring. The composite plans do not show any clinically significant difference in dose to OARs.
IN BATTLE FOR PEACE DURING ‘SCOUNDREL TIME’
Authors: Burden-Stelly Charisse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing the praxis and persecution of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois as a case study, this article analyzes the ways in which anticommunism became a tool of investigating, policing, discrediting, and ultimately curtailing what I call “Radical Black Peace Activism.” During the Cold War, the U.S. state apparatus treated this form of activism as an anti-American, foreign-inspired threat to national security attributable to the Communist “peace offensive.” Radical Black Peace Activists linked the end of global conflict, disarmament, and non-proliferation with antiracism, anticolonialism, anti-imperialism, and socialism. They argued that progress and justice could only be realized through international cooperation and peaceful coexistence. In other words, they demanded a new world order that would displace the United States, and its relentless militarism, as the world’s police. The investigation, indictment, and defamation of W. E. B. Du Bois, which coincided with the intensification of the Korean War, is illustrative of how Radical Black Peace Activism was treated as a form of Soviet-backed subversion. Through anticommunism, the U.S. state apparatus deemed the use of anti-Black and antiradical repression imperative to its security, stability, and status as the global defender of freedom and democracy.
The Do’s and Don’ts of Psychophysical Methods for Interpretability of Psychometric Functions and Their Descriptors
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Alcalá-Quintana Rocío 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany areas of research require measuring psychometric functions or their descriptors (thresholds, slopes, etc.). Data for this purpose are collected with psychophysical methods of various types and justification for the interpretation of results arises from a model of performance grounded in signal detection theory. Decades of research have shown that psychophysical data display features that are incompatible with such framework, questioning the validity of interpretations obtained under it and revealing that psychophysical performance is more complex than this framework entertains. This paper describes the assumptions and formulation of the conventional framework for the two major classes of psychophysical methods (single- and dual-presentation methods) and presents various lines of empirical evidence that the framework is inconsistent with. An alternative framework is then described and shown to account for all the characteristics that the conventional framework regards as anomalies. This alternative process model explicitly separates the sensory, decisional, and response components of performance and represents them via parameters whose estimation characterizes the corresponding processes. Retrospective and prospective evidence of the validity of the alternative framework is also presented. A formal analysis also reveals that some psychophysical methods and response formats are unsuitable for separation of the three components of observed performance. Recommendations are thus given regarding practices that should be avoided and those that should be followed to ensure interpretability of the psychometric function, or descriptors (detection threshold, difference limen, point of subjective equality, etc.) obtained with shortcut methods that do not require estimation of psychometric functions.
Cognitive Aging and Tests of Rationality
Authors: Park Sanghyuk , Davis-Stober Clintin P. , Snyder Hope K. , Messner William , Regenwetter Michel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether older adults are more likely than younger adults to violate a foundational property of rational decision making, the axiom of transitive preference. Our experiment consisted of two groups, older (ages 60-75; 21 participants) and younger (ages 18-30; 20 participants) adults. We used Bayesian model selection to investigate whether individuals were better described via (transitive) weak order-based decision strategies or (possibly intransitive) lexicographic semiorder decision strategies. We found weak evidence for the hypothesis that older adults violate transitivity at a higher rate than younger adults. At the same time, a hierarchical Bayesian analysis suggests that, in this study, the distribution of decision strategies across individuals is similar for both older and younger adults.
Non-locality Correlation in Two Driven Qubits Inside an Open Coherent Cavity: Trace Norm Distance and Maximum Bell Function
Authors: Mohamed A. -B. A. , Eleuch H. , Ooi C. H. Raymond 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analytically investigate two separated qubits inside an open cavity field. The cavity is initially prepared in a superposition coherent state. The non-locality correlations [including trace norm measurement induced non-locality, maximal Bell-correlation, and concurrence entanglement] of the two qubits are explored. It is shown that, the generated non-locality correlations crucially depend on the decay and the initial coherence intensity of the cavity field. The enhancement of the initial coherence intensity and its superposition leads to increasing the generated non-locality correlations. The phenomena of sudden birth and death entanglement are found.
Using road class as a replacement for predicted motorized traffic flow in spatial network models of cycling
Authors: Chan Eric Yin Cheung , Cooper Crispin H. V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen renewed policy interest in urban cycling due to the negative impacts of motorized traffic, obesity and emissions. Simulating bicycle mode share and flows can help decide where to build new infrastructure for maximum impact, though modelling budgets are limited. The four step model used for vehicles is not typically used for this task as, aside from the expense of use, it is designed around too-large zone sizes and a simplified network. Alternative approaches are based on aggregate statistics or spatial network analysis, the latter being necessary to create a model sufficiently sensitive to infrastructure location, although still requiring considerable modelling effort due to the need to simulate motor vehicle flows in order to account for the effect of motorized traffic in disincentivising cycling. The model presented uses an existing spatial network analysis methodology on an unsimplified network, but simplifies the analysis by substituting explicit prediction of motorized traffic flow with an alternative based on road classification. The method offers a large reduction in modelling effort, but nonetheless gives model correlation with actual cycling flows (R2 = 0.85) broadly comparable to a previous model with motorized traffic fully simulated (R2 = 0.78).
Sideroflexin 4 affects Fe-S cluster biogenesis, iron metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and heme biosynthetic enzymes
Authors: Paul Bibbin T. , Tesfay Lia , Winkler C. R. , Torti Frank M. , Torti Suzy V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSideroflexin4 (SFXN4) is a member of a family of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Rare germline mutations in SFXN4 lead to phenotypic characteristics of mitochondrial disease including impaired mitochondrial respiration and hematopoetic abnormalities. We sought to explore the function of this protein. We show that knockout of SFXN4 has profound effects on Fe-S cluster formation. This in turn diminishes mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and mitochondrial respiration and causes a shift to glycolytic metabolism. SFXN4 knockdown reduces the stability and activity of cellular Fe-S proteins, affects iron metabolism by influencing the cytosolic aconitase–IRP1 switch, redistributes iron from the cytosol to mitochondria, and impacts heme synthesis by reducing levels of ferrochelatase and inhibiting translation of ALAS2. We conclude that SFXN4 is essential for normal functioning of mitochondria, is necessary for Fe-S cluster biogenesis and iron homeostasis, and plays a critical role in mitochondrial respiration and synthesis of heme.
The prognostic significance of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia without minimal residual disease
Authors: Liao Hongyan , Zheng Qin , Jin Yongmei , Chozom Tashi , Zhu Ying , Liu Li , Jiang Nenggang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed to dissect the prognostic significances of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) without minimal residual disease(MRD) after the induction chemotherapy cycle. A total of 113 ALL patients who have received standardized chemotherapy cycle were analyzed. Cases that were not remission after induction chemotherapy or have received stem cell transplantation were excluded. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow aspirations, and the patients were grouped according to the levels of these two precursor cell types. The long-term relapse-free survival(RFS) and recovery of peripheral blood cells of each group after induction chemotherapy were compared. The results indicated that, after induction chemotherapy, patients with hematogones ≥0.1% have a significantly longer remission period than patients with hematogones <0.1% (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, the level of hematogones was positively associated with the recovery of both hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood, while CD34+ myeloblasts level is irrelevant to the recovery of Hb and PLT in peripheral blood, level of hematogones and long-term prognosis. This study confirmed hematogones level after induction chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic factor for ALL without MRD. It is more applicable for evaluation prognosis than CD34+ myeloblasts.
Hemagglutinin Quantitative ELISA-based Potency Assay for Trivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Using Group-Specific Universal Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Chae Wonil , Kim Paul , Kim Hanna , Cheong Yu Cheol , Kim Young-Seok , Kang Sang Moo , Seong Baik L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe assurance of vaccine potency is important for the timely release and distribution of influenza vaccines. As an alternative to Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID), we report a new quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). The consensus hemagglutinin (cHA) stalks for group 1 influenza A virus (IAV), group 2 IAV, and influenza B virus (IBV) were designed and produced in bacterial recombinant host in a soluble form, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated. The group-specific ‘universal’ mAbs (uAbs) bound to various subtypes of HAs in the same group from recombinant hosts, embryonated eggs, and commercial vaccine lots. The calibration curves were generated to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and linear dynamic range. The quantitative ELISA was validated for the potency assay of individual components of TIV- H1, H3, and IBV- with good correlation with the SRID method. This new assay could be extended to pandemic or pre-pandemic mock-up vaccines of H5 of group 1 and H7 virus of group 2, and novel HA stalk-based universal vaccines.
Genetic association of E26 transformation specific sequence 1 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of primary biliary cholangitis in China
Authors: Xu Huan , Niu Qian , Su Zhenzhen , Wang Fang , Zhang Junlong , Yang Bin , Huang Zhuochun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and cholestatic liver disease characterized by an autoimmune-mediated destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. E26 transformation specific sequence 1 (ETS-1) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of various immune-related genes. The aim of our study was to identify the associations between the gene polymorphisms of ETS-1 with the susceptibility and clinical characteristics of PBC in Chinese Han population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4937333, rs11221332 and rs73013527) of ETS-1 were selected based on relevant studies. Genotyping was executed with polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting (PCR-HRM) assay. SNP rs4937333 of ETS-1 was prominent correlation with the susceptibility of PBC (P = 0.007, OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.10–1.88). For rs4937333, PBC patients carrying the allele T assumed high-level TP (P = 0.020), and homozygous genotype TT assumed low-level RDW (P = 0.033). For rs11221332, PBC patients carrying the allele T assumed high-level TP and HDLC (P = 0.004, P = 0.015, respectively). For rs73013527, PBC patients carrying the allele T assumed low-level PLT (P = 0.002), and homozygous genotype TT assumed high-level RDW (P = 0.021). In conclusion, Gene polymorphisms of ETS-1 present relevant with the susceptibility of PBC, and affect the expression of TP, HDLC, PLT and RDW concentrations in patients with PBC.
Retinopathy of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia are Independent Antecedents of Cortical Maturational Abnormalities in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Kline Julia E. , Illapani Venkata Sita Priyanka , He Lili , Altaye Mekibib , Parikh Nehal A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVery preterm (VPT) infants are at high-risk for neurodevelopmental
impairments, however there are few validated biomarkers at term-equivalent age that
accurately measure abnormal brain development and predict future impairments. Our
objectives were to quantify and contrast cortical features between full-term and VPT
infants at term and to associate two key antecedent risk factors, bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with cortical maturational
changes in VPT infants. We prospectively enrolled a population-based cohort of 110
VPT infants (gestational age ≤31 weeks) and 51 healthy full-term infants
(gestational age 38–42 weeks). Structural brain MRI was performed at term.
94 VPT infants and 46 full-term infants with high-quality T2-weighted MRI were
analyzed. As compared to full-term infants, VPT infants exhibited significant global
cortical maturational abnormalities, including reduced surface area (−5.9%)
and gyrification (−6.7%) and increased curvature (5.9%). In multivariable
regression controlled for important covariates, BPD was significantly negatively
correlated with lobar and global cortical surface area and ROP was significantly
negatively correlated with lobar and global sulcal depth in VPT infants. Our cohort
of VPT infants exhibited widespread cortical maturation abnormalities by
term-equivalent age that were in part anteceded by two of the most potent neonatal
diseases, BPD and ROP.
STAT3-induced up-regulation of lncRNA NEAT1 as a ceRNA facilitates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by elevating TULP3
Authors: Cai Bing , Yang Baihui , Huang Dong , Wang Di , Tian Jun , Chen Feiyun , Wang Xi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were viewed as crucial participants in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). LncRNA NEAT1 was recognized as an oncogenic gene in various diseases. However, its function and mechanism in AAA were not precisely documented. Here, we explored the functional role and molecular mechanism of NEAT1 in AAA. Functionally, the effect of NEAT1 on the proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and EdU assay, while its impact on the apoptosis was evaluated through caspase-3/9 activity and TUNEL assays. As a result, we found that NEAT1 knockdown enhanced the proliferation and impaired the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Reversely, overexpressed NEAT1 exerted anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects in VSMCs. Mechanically, we found that STAT3 acted as a transcription factor and contributed to NEAT1 transcription by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. In addition, NEAT1 was confirmed as a sponge of miR-4688 and thereby increase the expression of TULP3 in VSMCs via RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. Rescue experiments indicted that TULP3 overexpressing countervailed the impact of NEAT1 depletion on AAA biological processes. Conclusively, lncRNA NEAT1 induced by STAT3 was identified as a ceRNA and facilitated AAA formation by targeting miR-4688/TULP3 axis.
Modification of proteins by reactive lipid oxidation products and biochemical effects of lipoxidation
Authors: Spickett Corinne M. , Pitt Andrew R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lipid oxidation results in the formation of many reactive products, such as small aldehydes, substituted alkenals, and cyclopentenone prostaglandins, which are all able to form covalent adducts with nucleophilic residues of proteins. This process is called lipoxidation, and the resulting adducts are called advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), by analogy with the formation of advanced glycoxidation end products from oxidized sugars. Modification of proteins by reactive oxidized lipids leads to structural changes such as increased β-sheet conformation, which tends to result in amyloid-like structures and oligomerization, or unfolding and aggregation. Reaction with catalytic cysteines is often responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity in lipoxidized proteins, although inhibition may also occur through conformational changes at more distant sites affecting substrate binding or regulation. On the other hand, a few proteins are activated by lipoxidation-induced oligomerization or interactions, leading to increased downstream signalling. At the cellular level, it is clear that some proteins are much more susceptible to lipoxidation than others. ALEs affect cell metabolism, protein–protein interactions, protein turnover via the proteasome, and cell viability. Evidence is building that they play roles in both physiological and pathological situations, and inhibiting ALE formation can have beneficial effects.