bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiologic Analysis of COVID-19 Children Cases in Colombia PEDIACOVID
Authors: Bolaños-Almeida Carlos Ernesto , Espitia Segura Oscar Mauricio 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The COVID pandemic has affected Colombia with a high number of cases and deceases; however, no studies have been published regarding pediatric population. An epidemiologic analysis of the nationwide COVID register, therefore, is necessary to outline and describe the impact in such population.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was made of the characteristics of a cohort of 5062 patients <18 years of age, until June 16, 2020, reported at the National Institute of Health—INS (https://www.ins.gov.co/News./Pages/Coronavirus.aspx), through the national public access database, with all subjects confirmed with COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2.

Results:
Reviewed on June 16, 2020, a total of 54,971 confirmed cases were reported nationwide for COVID-19, of which 5062 (9.2%) are cases in patients under 18 years of age. There was a statistically significant difference between groups; age was statistically significantly higher in the asymptomatic, compared with: deceased, severe and moderate cases; moreover, age was statistically significantly higher in the mild, compared with: deceased, severe and moderate. Statistically significant difference determined with one-way ANOVA was found between groups (F = 16.08, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis reveals significant differences between groups, the age of patients at home (9.39 years) and those recovered (9.3 years) being significantly higher than those in intensive care unit (4.9 years), in hospital (6.1 years), or than the deceased (2.9 years).

Conclusion:
The results of this study show that, at the nationwide level, patients in more severe states (deceased, severe and moderate), are significantly younger than those in the milder state (asymptomatic and mild).
Serratia Chorioamnionitis and Culture Proven Sepsis in a Preterm Neonate
Authors: Ottolini Katherine M. , Litke-Wager Carrie A. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Schulz Elizabeth V. 
Published: October 2020

Background:

Serratia marcescens is a well-known cause of nosocomial infectious outbreaks in the neonatal intensive care unit, with a high mortality rate in the vulnerable preterm population. However, it is not typically associated with neonatal sepsis secondary to intrapartum vertical transmission. We present the case of a preterm male born at 25 weeks and 4 days of gestation in Okinawa, Japan with culture-proven S. marcescens chorioamnionitis and sepsis, as well as a review of the previously published literature.

Methods:
We conducted a literature search utilizing MeSH indexing with the headings [chorioamnionitis], [Serratia], and [infant, newborn] limited to “humans” with a publication date range between 1950 and 2020.

Results:
All reported cases of preterm S. marcescens chorioamnionitis occurred in coastal locations. The majority of cases resulted in spontaneous abortion, and we found no published reports of confirmed S. marcescens chorioamnionitis in conjunction with viable preterm delivery and positive neonatal cultures. In the case presented herein, S. marcescens chorioamnionitis with associated neonatal sepsis was confirmed by positive placental and blood cultures. Bacterial clearance was achieved following an antibiotic course consisting of 5 days of gentamicin and 14 days of meropenem therapy.

Conclusions:

S. marcescens is an uncommon cause of chorioamnionitis that can have devastating neonatal consequences, especially in the at-risk preterm population.
Sexual History Taking in Clinical Settings: A Narrative Review
Authors: Brookmeyer Kathryn A. , Coor Alexandra , Kachur Rachel E. , Beltran Oscar , Reno Hilary E. , Dittus Patricia J. 
Published: October 2020

Background
This study aimed to explore gaps between Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's clinical guidelines for obtaining a sexual history and regular clinical practice. We examine how patient, provider, and setting characteristics may influence the likelihood of obtaining comprehensive sexual histories and examine patient outcomes linked to sexual history taking.

Methods
We performed a narrative review to identify studies that examined clinical practice and sexual history taking via 8 databases. A 2-level inclusion protocol was followed, wherein the abstract and full text of the article were reviewed, respectively. Data were abstracted using a standardized tool developed for this study.

Results
The search yielded 2700 unique studies, of which 2193 were excluded in level 1, and 497 were excluded in level 2, leaving 10 studies for data abstraction. None of the studies reported comprehensive sexual history taking, and 8 studies reported differences in how providers obtain a sexual history when patient and provider demographics are considered. Three studies found a positive link between providers who discuss sexual history and provider sexually transmitted disease testing.

Conclusions
When sexual histories are obtained, they are not comprehensive, and providers may discuss sexual history differentially based on patients' demographic characteristics. Providers who discuss patients' sexual history may be more likely to also provide sexual health preventive care.
Management of Condyloma Acuminata in Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Nishijima Koji , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
No clear guidelines are available for the management of pregnant women with condyloma acuminata, a human papillomavirus–associated benign neoplasm that develops in the genital tract. We performed a systematic review to gain a better understanding of the management of condyloma acuminata during pregnancy. In this review, we mainly focused on treatments. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify studies on the treatment of condyloma acuminata during pregnancy. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. The treatment methods described in the literature were laser therapy, cryotherapy, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, trichloroacetic acid, and local hyperthermia. The most effective treatment remains unclear. Various factors must be considered when deciding how to treat. Based on our assessment of the literature, we recommend cryotherapy as the first-choice treatment and laser therapy as the second-choice treatment. Imiquimod can be considered in cases such as extensive condyloma acuminata that is not easily treated by cryotherapy or laser therapy. In such cases, sufficient informed consent must be obtained from the patient. Cryotherapy, laser therapy, and imiquimod have been administered during all 3 trimesters with no severe adverse effects, but we cautiously recommend reserving laser therapy until the third trimester because of the lower risk of recurrence before delivery. There are still many unclear points regarding the management of condyloma in pregnancy, and further research is needed.
Environmental Contamination by Chlamydia trachomatis RNA Can Cause False-Positive Test Results in Clinical Samples
Authors: Toepfer Michael , Herrmann Björn , Sansone Martina , Lilja Caroline , Nolskog Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An investigation of unexpected positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis at a women’s health clinic in Sweden revealed that samples were contaminated by RNA in the clinic. The risk for RNA contamination at a clinic has been postulated previously. We are, however, not aware that this has actually been demonstrated in practice.
Incident Reports of Naming Errors among Two Sets of Infant Twins
Authors: Redman Chelsea T. , Reddy Pooja , Kneifati-Hayek Jerard Z. , Applebaum Jo R. , Manzano Wilhelmina , Goffman Dena , Adelman Jason S. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Newborns are at high risk for identification errors due to their inability to speak and indistinguishable features. To reduce this risk, The Joint Commission requires hospitals to use a distinct identification method for newborns. Most hospitals create medical records for newborns at birth using temporary naming conventions, resulting in patients with similar identifiers. Typically, multiple-birth infants are distinguished from their siblings by a single character (1, 2, or A, B), placing them at higher risk for identification errors, which can delay care and compromise patient safety.

Methods:
We present 2 unrelated cases involving naming errors in sets of infant twins receiving care in a healthcare system using Joint Commission compliant distinct temporary naming convention.

Results:
In the 2 cases, system failures contributed to naming errors in 2 sets of infant twins, which resulted in delayed care. In the first case, twins were inadvertently assigned the same temporary name. In the second case, an infant’s blood specimen label did not include a single character, which distinguishes a multiple-birth infant from their sibling. Further safeguards are needed to reduce this risk. These cases illustrated the potential for misidentification related to newborn naming conventions during the registration process, especially between siblings of multiple-birth infants.

Conclusions:
Further research is needed to determine strategies to prevent newborn identification errors. Potential strategies to reduce this risk and protect newborns include improving the design of newborn identifiers, systems-level interventions such as verification alerts, and improved registration processes.
Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature
Authors: Bailey Chad M. , Hinchcliff Katharine M. , Moore Zachary , Pu Lee L. Q. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Surgical specialists in plastic, head and neck, hand, trauma surgery, and emergency medicine physicians bear the burden of treating the most serious injuries caused by animals. Most of these incidents result from an attack by a known dog, and breed has been proposed, but not proven, to be a controllable factor. The authors summarize the peer-reviewed literature on dog bites in the United States, specifically as related to the breeds implicated.

Methods:
A systematic review of all peer-reviewed publications reporting on dog bites in the United States was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted through May 8, 2018, for studies from the United States implicating a specific dog breed as responsible.

Results:
Forty-one articles met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were single-institution retrospective reviews. Main outcomes were any dog bite reported in the peer-reviewed literature where a specific breed was implicated. Secondary measures included dog bites reported in areas where breed-specific legislation was enacted. The most common pure breed identified was German Shepherd, followed by Pit Bull–type breeds (i.e., American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, American Bully), Labrador, Collie, and Rottweiler, respectively. Pit bull–type and German Shepherd breeds are consistently implicated for causing the most serious injuries to patients in the United States across heterogeneous populations, and this remained consistent across multiple decades.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results indicate that German Shepherd and Pit Bull–type breeds account for the largest subset of pure breeds implicated in severe dog bites inflicted on humans in the medical literature. The role and complexity of mentioning breed in relation to human injuries are also discussed.
Machine learning and MRI-based diagnostic models for ADHD: are we there yet?
Authors: Zhang-James Yanli , Razavi Ali Shervin , Hoogman Martine , Franke Barbara , Faraone Stephen V 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has been applied to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnostic classifiers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review examines this literature to clarify its clinical significance and to assess the implications of the various analytic methods applied. We found that, although most of studies reported the classification accuracies, they varied in choice of MRI modalities, ML models, cross-validation and testing methods, and sample sizes. We found that the accuracies of cross-validation methods inflated the performance estimation compared with those of a held-out test, compromising the model generalizability. Test accuracies have increased with publication year but were not associated with training sample sizes. Improved test accuracy over time was likely due to the use of better ML methods along with strategies to deal with data imbalances. Ultimately, large multi-modal imaging datasets, and potentially the combination with other types of data, like cognitive data and/or genetics, will be essential to achieve the goal of developing clinically useful imaging classification tools for ADHD in the future.
Decrease in Hospitalizations for COVID-19 after Mask Mandates in 1083 U.S. Counties
Authors: Adjodah Dhaval , Dinakar Karthik , Fraiberger Samuel P. , Rutherford George W. , Glidden David V. , Gandhi Monica 
Published: October 2020

WithdrawalThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because there are increased rates of SARS- CoV-2 cases in the areas that we originally analyzed in this study. New analyses in the context of the third surge in the United States are therefore needed and will be undertaken directly in conjunction with the creators of the publicly-available databases on cases, hospitalizations, testing rates. Etc. We will be performing this in conjunction with machine learning experts at UCSF. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. We hope to have an updated analysis using data from the 2ndand now 3rdwave of SARS-CoV-2 in this country soon. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Intervention Development Protocol for a novel, co-produced, sexually transmitted infection partner notification intervention for men who have sex with men
Authors: McQueen Jean M , Owusu Melvina Woode , Mapp Fiona , Estcourt Claudia S , Symonds Merle , Howarth Alison R , Nandwani Rak , Brice Susannah , Comer Alex , Flowers Paul 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe number of bacterial sexually transmitted infections diagnosed among men who have sex with men (MSM) continues to rise annually. Innovative public health interventions are needed to address this. Partner notification (PN), is important in reducing STI transmission by identifying, testing and treating the sex partners of people with STIs. Outcomes of PN in MSM are sub-optimal; some MSM with STIs report high numbers of “one-off” sex partners (where sex occurs on one occasion only) who appear to contribute disproportionately to community transmission but are poorly reached by current PN interventions.Aims/ObjectivesThis paper describes the protocol for development of a novel, co-produced, multi-level, PN intervention for MSM with “one-off” partners. The process described will ensure the intervention is evidence-based, theoretically informed and acceptable to users, service providers, commissioners and those with community interest.Methods and AnalysisOur three-phase approach draws on the revised Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions. First, we combine evidence synthesis with stakeholder engagement to understand the barriers and enablers to PN to co-produce preliminary intervention ideas. Next, we further develop our intervention ideas and adapt our emerging programme theory by collecting detailed data through focus groups and interviews with purposively sampled stakeholders. Data analysis using the theoretical domains framework and the behaviour change wheel will detail the relationship between putative causal mechanisms and optimal intervention components involved in enhancing PN amongst MSM. Finally, we refine our programme theory, map and clarify our intervention and its intersecting components. We will share our intervention with a panel of expert clinicians, third sector organisations and a lay audience of MSM to detail a co-produced PN intervention.OutcomeCo-produced intervention and programme theory suitable for testing in a future feasibility study.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol received ethical approval from Glasgow Caledonian University HLS/NCH/19/059. Findings will be published with open access licenses.SUMMARYPartner notification for men who have sex with men is suboptimal this paper describes a protocol to develop a co-produced multi-level partner notification intervention.
Nasopharyngeal aspirates vs. nasal swabs for the detection of respiratory pathogens: results of a rapid review protocol
Authors: Flynn Matthew F. , Kelly Martin , Dooley James S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNasal pathogen detection sensitivities are often as low as 70% despite advances in molecular diagnostics. It has been suggested that this is linked, in part, to the choice of sampling method.MethodsA diagnostic test accuracy review for sensitivity, using recently developed Cochrane methods for conducting rapid reviews, and the PRISMA protocol was undertaken, with QUADAS-2 risk of bias assessments and meta-analysis of included studies. Sensitivities were calculated by a consensus standard of positivity by either method as the gold standard. Insufficient and/or inaccurate, cross sectional or anatomical site pooling methodologies were excluded.ResultsOf 13 included studies, 8 had ‘high’ risk of bias, and 5 had ‘high’ applicability concerns. There were no statistical differences in pooled sensitivities between collection methods for 8 different viruses, and neither with use of PCR, Immunofluorescence nor culture. In a single study, Influenza H1N1 favoured nasopharyngeal swabs, with aspirates having 93.3% of the sensitivity of swabs (p>0.001). Similar equivocal sensitivities were noticed in detecting bacteria.ConclusionsThe chain of sampling, from anatomical site to laboratory results, features different potential foci along which sensitivity may be lost. A sufficient body of evidence exists that use of a different sampling method will not yield more respiratory pathogens. The new Cochrane Rapid Reviews guidance helped rapidly answer this relevant and timely clinical question.
Relaxed peripheral tolerance drives broad de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19
Authors: Woodruff Matthew C. , Ramonell Richard P. , Saini Ankur Singh , Haddad Natalie S. , Anam Fabliha A. , Rudolph Mark E. , Bugrovsky Regina , Hom Jennifer , Cashman Kevin S. , Nguyen Doan C. , Kyu Shuya , Piazza Michael , Tipton Christopher M. , Jenks Scott A. , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn emerging feature of COVID-19 is the identification of autoreactivity in patients with severe disease that may contribute to disease pathology, however the origin and resolution of these responses remain unclear. Previously, we identified strong extrafollicular B cell activation as a shared immune response feature between both severe COVID-19 and patients with advanced rheumatic disease. In autoimmune settings, this pathway is associated with relaxed peripheral tolerance in the antibody secreting cell compartment and the generation of de novo autoreactive responses. Investigating these responses in COVID-19, we performed single-cell repertoire analysis on 7 patients with severe disease. In these patients, we identify the expansion of a low-mutation IgG1 fraction of the antibody secreting cell compartment that are not memory derived, display low levels of selective pressure, and are enriched for autoreactivity-prone IGHV4-34 expression. Within this compartment, we identify B cell lineages that display specificity to both SARS-CoV-2 and autoantigens, including pathogenic autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane, and describe progressive, broad, clinically relevant autoreactivity within these patients correlated with disease severity. Importantly, we identify anti-carbamylated protein responses as a common hallmark and candidate biomarker of broken peripheral tolerance in severe COVID-19. Finally, we identify the contraction of this pathway upon recovery, and re-establishment of tolerance standards coupled with a concomitant loss of acute-derived ASCs irrespective of antigen specificity. In total, this study reveals the origins, breadth, and resolution of acute-phase autoreactivity in severe COVID-19, with significant implications in both early interventions and potential treatment of patients with post-COVID sequelae.
Pitfalls in pre-operative prediction of lymph node metastasis in early endometrial cancer
Authors: Veena Pampapati , Ilango Rajalakshmi , Durairaj Jayalakshmi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe role of lymphadenectomy in early stage endometrial cancer is controversial as it is associated with intra-operative complications and its therapeutic benefit is not established. Prediction of lymph nodal metastasis so as to perform selective lymph node dissection is desirable. This study was conducted to study grade of the tumor obtained by endometrial biopsy specimen and depth of myometrial invasion assessed by imaging pre-operatively as predictors of lymph nodal metastasis in early endometrial cancers.MethodsOur study was a cross sectional study done in a tertiary care center in south India, where 100 patients were studied from August 2016 to May 2018. After Ethical Committee clearance, all patients who were diagnosed with early endometrial cancer and who underwent surgery in our hospital were included in the study after getting informed consent. Pre-operative tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion were studied as predictors of lymph nodal metastasis. They were also correlated with post-operative grade and myometrial invasion.ResultsThe present study recruited 100 women of which 3 cases were excluded because of non-endometrioid histology. The incidence of positive lymph node metastasis in our study was 18.6%. Both pre-operative tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion were not significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. There was significant variation between pre-operative and post-operative tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion. Among post-operative histopathological factors, only lymphovascular space invasion was found to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis.ConclusionIn our study, neither pre-operative nor post-operative grade of the tumor and depth of myometrial invasion were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. There was considerable variation between pre-op and post-op grade of the tumor making pre-op grade an unreliable factor in predicting lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. Among post-operative histopathological factors, only lymphovascular space invasion was found to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis.Key messageConsiderable variation between pre-op and post-op grade of the tumor makes pre-op grade an unreliable factor in predicting lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer