bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability and carrying capacity analyses for marine ecotourism development of the Medang Deras Subdistrict, Batubara district, province of North Sumatera
Authors: Ariani F , Rahimah I , Sipahutar R , Yanti E S , Paradini A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Medang Deras sub district is one of the attractions in the Batubara Regency which has appeal for the Batubara public and surrounding area. Increasing the number of visitors each year can reduce the comfort of tourists at the tourism attractions. It makes the researcher want to analyze the suitability and carrying capacity Medang deras coast region. This research used a descriptive method with an accidental random sampling technique. The results showed the suitability of marine ecotourism in Medang Deras included in the conditional category, two categories of suitability namely beach and swimming tourism. This is because the utilization and management of the area is not maximized yet, especially in terms of facilities and infrastructure. The number of tourists that can be accommodated by the tourist area is still adequate. However, if visitors have reached these numbers, the comfort and sustainability of tourism in the District of Medang Deras will be disrupted.
Carriying capacity of small island for tourism development
Authors: Mira  , Kurniawan T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of the environment on small islands to develop marine tourism. Research carried out in the Thousand Islands Indonesia includes Bidadari Island, Untung Jawa, Pramuka, Karya, Ayer Besar, Rambut, Cipir, Moringa, and Onrust. The methodology used in this study is the environmental carrying capacity class. The carrying capacity of the beach to receive tourists on Bidadari Island, Untung Jawa, Pramuka, Karya, Ayer Besar, Rambut, Cipir, Moringa, and Onrust, are as follows: 50, 40, 40, 30, 30, 30, 30, 26, 26 and 10 tourists per day for low class. Tourists who visit have already exceeded the carrying capacity of the environment while on vacation on the island of Untung Jawa, Pramuka, Bidadari, Ayer Besar, and Onrust; there are 60-200 tourists. The island’s carrying capacity for accommodation is 11,200, 5,166, 7,700, 28,070, 4,221, 4,550, 8,400, 1,120, 1,400 and 14,000 beds for each island on Pramuka Island, Karya, Panggang, Untung Jawa, Bidadari, Ayer Besar, Onrust, Cipir, Kelor, and Rambut. While the environment carrying capacity for diving activities is between 5000-6000 divers, the interview results found out that, in reality, 9600 divers do diving activities around Pramuka Island’s waters. The government should limit the number of visitors according to the allotment of the island; for example, for Rambut island tourism development should be closed because it is a conservation area. For housing islands such as in Java Untung Island, Pramuka island should limit the tourism development, while for Angel Island and Big Ayer, tourism development committed intensively.
Effect of direct quenched and tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength steel
Authors: Yang Xiong , Yu Wei , Tang Di , Li Yuqian , Lv Dewen , Shi Jiaxin , Du Qiming , Mei Donggui , Fan Jia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effect of direct quenched (DQ) and tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength steel were studied by means of SEM, EBSD, TEM and mechanical properties test. The results showed that in DQ state, the tensile strength could reach 1420 Mpa, the yield strength could be 1050 Mpa, and the elongation was about 9.0%, impact energy at −20 °C was 59 J. High density entangled dislocation was distributed inside the lath and at the boundary. A small amount of Nb and Ti carbide was precipitated at the dislocation and lath boundary, and a small amount (about 2.15%) of residual austenite distributed between the lath. With the tempering temperature rising from 500 °C to 720 °C, the tensile strength of the experimental steel decreased from 1220 MPa to 840 MPa, the yield strength decreased from 1190 MPa to 780 MPa, the elongation increased from 10% to 13%, and the impact energy at −20 °C increased from 84 J to 153 J. When the tempering temperature rised from 500 °C to 640 °C, the structure was mainly composed of lath martensite and a large number of dislocations were still distributed inside the lath. The size of carbides precipitated inside and on the boundary of the lath was about 20–30 nm. When tempered at 680 °C, the structure was mainly composed of martensite and a small amount of polygonal ferrite. There were still a large number of entangled dislocations inside and on the boundary of martensite. The carbide precipitate at the matrix boundary and dislocation line was obviously coarsening (70–80 nm). When tempered at 720 °C, the microstructure was mainly polygonal ferrite, the dislocation density in the matrix significantly decreased, and the carbide precipitated at the matrix boundary and dislocation line significantly coarsened (about 100 nm). With the tempering temperature rising from 500 °C to 720 °C, the proportion of small-angle grain boundary was gradually decreased from 88.64% to 70.50%.
Mechanical properties and friction coefficient of hybrid polypropylene Entada mannii composites
Authors: Balogun O P , Alaneme K K , Adediran A A , Omotoyinbo J A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current study evaluates the mechanical properties and friction coefficient of polypropylene based composites reinforced with particulate derivatives from Entada mannii fiber. The composites were fabricated by mixing different ratios of fiber ash (FA) and fiber particulates (FP) with polypropylene matrix and compounded using compression moulding method. Tensile and flexural properties, impact strength, hardness and friction coefficient were assessed, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for structural and morphological studies of the composites. The results show that the tensile, flexural, impact and hardness properties of all the composites were enhanced in comparison with the unreinforced polypropylene. The hybrid reinforced composite composition containing FA and FP in ratio 3:1, had the best tensile, flexural, and hardness properties of all composites produced, ascribed to the achievement of a more uniform dispersion of FA/FP and stronger interface bonding with the polymer matrix. Specifically, enhancement of tensile and flexural strengths of 58.7% and 62.9%, respectively in comparison with the unreinforced propylene was obtained for this composition. The friction coefficient of the single reinforced composite compositions of FA and FP were higher compared to the hybrid reinforced composites and unreinforced polypropylene. The representative morphological assessments of the composites fracture surface showed that the single reinforced composite was characterized with the agglomeration of fiber ash/fiber particulates while the hybrid reinforced composites had relatively uniform distribution of reinforcement in the matrix.
Phosphomatics: interactive interrogation of substrate–kinase networks in global phosphoproteomics datasets
Authors: Leeming Michael G , O’Callaghan Sean , Licata Luana , Iannuccelli Marta , Lo Surdo Prisca , Micarelli Elisa , Ang Ching-Seng , Nie Shuai , Varshney Swati , Ameen Sadia , Cheng Heung-Chin , Williamson Nicholas A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics can routinely identify and quantify thousands of phosphorylated peptides from a single experiment. However interrogating possible upstream kinases and identifying key literature for phosphorylation sites is laborious and time-consuming.

Results
Here, we present Phosphomatics—a publicly available web resource for interrogating phosphoproteomics data. Phosphomatics allows researchers to upload phosphoproteomics data and interrogate possible relationships from a substrate-, kinase- or pathway-centric viewpoint.

Availability and implementation
Phosphomatics is freely available via the internet at: https://phosphomatics.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Andrographolide: A Review of Analytical Methods
Authors: Patil Rashmi , Jain Vandana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBicyclic diterpenoid lactone andrographolide is regarded as a “natural antibiotic” as it is known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antipyretic, antineoplastic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic, and is present in Andrographis paniculata. The aim of this article is to review the information on analytical methods for andrographolide in biological samples, pharmaceutical formulations and plant materials. This article includes various techniques such as Spectrophotometry, Chemiluminescence method, Electroanalytical method, Chromatography and various hyphenated techniques.
Threat recognition and response in an avian brood-parasite host from New Caledonia
Authors: Attisano Alfredo , Hlebowicz Kasper , Gula Roman , Theuerkauf Jörn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNest predation and avian brood parasitism are the main sources of nest failure in many passerine birds. Large predators threaten both brood and parents, whereas brood parasites pose only a danger to eggs or nestlings. The fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis from New Caledonia is subjected to high rates of nest predation by the New Caledonian crow Corvus moneduloides (responsible for about 20–40% of predation) and moderate rates of brood parasitism by the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus (parasitizing about 18% of nests), which also depredates nests that are too advanced for parasitism (13% of nests). To test if fan-tailed gerygones are able to discriminate predators from brood parasites, we presented 3 bird models at active gerygone nests: a brood parasite/small nest predator (shining bronze-cuckoo), a large nest predator (crow), and a small non-native bird (common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs), which is unknown to the gerygone, as a control. We assessed the response of adult gerygones to the presentation of each model by measuring the minimum approach distance, number of alarm calls, number of attacks, and time to first nest visit after the presentation (latency). Adult gerygones often attacked the cuckoo, approached but never attacked the chaffinch and always avoided the crow. Latency was shorter after an attack response and during brooding, but similar among models. We did not find any link between the cuckoo model presentation and later ejection of cuckoo nestlings. We conclude that adult fan-tailed gerygones discriminate between different models and respond accordingly to the level of threat, but do not show awareness of parasitism risk and increase of nestling ejection rates following exposure to the cuckoo model.
Not so black, not so white: differences in microorganism load of contiguous feathers from white stork chicks
Authors: Al Rubaiee Zaid , Al Murayati Haider , Tobolka Marcin , Tryjanowski Piotr , Møller Anders Pape 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany organisms are characterized by strikingly contrasting black and white coloration, but the function of such contrasts has been inadequately studied. In this article, we tested the function of black and white contrasting plumage in white stork Ciconia ciconia chicks. We found greater abundance and diversity of microorganisms on black compared with adjacent white feathers. In addition, nest size was positively correlated with the abundance and diversity of microorganisms on white feathers. Flight initiation distance (FID), defined as the distance at which adult white storks took flight when approached by a human, was negatively correlated with most measurements of microorganism abundance. Breeding success was generally positively correlated with the abundance and diversity of microorganisms on black feathers. The feather growth rate was positively correlated with some and negatively correlated with other measurements of microbial abundance and diversity. Finally, chick growth was negatively correlated with the number of microbial species on black feathers and positively with the abundance and diversity of microorganisms on white feathers. These findings are consistent not only with the role of microorganisms in the maintenance of a benign microbial environment which differs between black and white feathers, but also with the hypothesis that several taxa of microorganisms found in black and white plumage are virulent, with negative effects on the fitness of their hosts.
Quantifying Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Invasion in Northern California Vineyards to Inform Management Strategy
Authors: Schartel Tyler E , Cooper Monica L , May Aubrey , Daugherty Matthew P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe spread and impact of invasive species in exotic ranges can be mitigated by increased understanding of pest invasion dynamics. Here, we used geospatial analyses and habitat suitability modeling to characterize the invasion of an important vineyard pest, vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus Signoret, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), using nearly 15,000 trapping records from throughout Napa County, California, between 2012 and 2017. Spatial autocorrelation among P. ficus detections was strongest at distances of ~250 m and detectable at regional scales (up to 40 km), estimates of the rate and directionality of spread were highly idiosyncratic, and P. ficus detection hotspots were spatiotemporally dynamic. Generalized linear model, boosted regression tree, and random forest modeling methods performed well in predicting habitat suitability for P. ficus. The most important predictors of P. ficus occurrence were a positive effect of precipitation in the driest month, and negative effects of elevation and distance to nearest winery. Our results indicate that 250-m quarantine and treatment zones around P. ficus detections are likely sufficient to encompass most local establishment and spread, and that implementing localized regulatory procedures may limit inadvertent P. ficus spread via anthropogenic pathways. Finally, surveys of P. ficus presence at &gt;300 vineyard sites validated that habitat suitability estimates were significantly and positively associated with P. ficus frequency of occurrence. Our findings indicate that habitat suitability predictions may offer a robust tool for identifying areas in the study region at risk to future P. ficus invasion and prioritizing locations for early detection and preventative management efforts.
Unraveling the Role of ACE2, the Binding Receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ferreira-Duarte Mariana , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Duarte-Araújo Margarida , Magro Fernando , Morato Manuela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been highlighted for its role as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes current knowledge about ACE2 as a multifunctional protein, focusing on its relevance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As an enzyme, ACE2 may be protective in IBD because it favors the counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system or deleterious because it metabolizes other anti-inflammatory/repairing elements. Meanwhile, as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the impact of ACE2 expression/activity on infection is still under debate because no direct evidence has been reported and, again, both protective and deleterious pathways are possible. Research has shown that ACE2 regulates the expression of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1, controlling tryptophan-associated intestinal inflammation and nutritional status. Finally, intact membrane-bound or shed soluble ACE2 can also trigger integrin signaling, modulating the response to anti-integrin biologic drugs used to treat IBD (such as vedolizumab) and fibrosis, a long-term complication of IBD. As such, future studies on ACE2 expression/activity in IBD can improve monitoring of the disease and explore an alternative pharmacological target.
Multiplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Diagnostic Testing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Seasonal Influenza Viruses: A Challenge of the Phase 3 Pandemic Setting
Authors: Mancini Fabiola , Barbanti Fabrizio , Scaturro Maria , Fontana Stefano , Di Martino Angela , Marsili Giulia , Puzelli Simona , Calzoletti Laura , Facchini Marzia , Di Mario Giuseppina , Fabiani Concetta , Bella Antonino , Riccardo Flavia , Pezzotti Patrizio , Stefanelli Paola , Rezza Giovanni , Ciervo Alessandra ,   Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) COVID-19 Team, Villa Laura , Fortini Daniela , Iacobino Angelo , Fiore Stefano , Benedetti Eleonora , Marchi Antonella , Venturi Giulietta , Fortuna Claudia , Amendola Antonello , Toma Luciano , Di Luca Marco , Severini Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease represents a challenge for healthcare structures. The molecular confirmation of samples from infected individuals is crucial and therefore guides public health decision making. Clusters and possibly increased diffuse transmission could occur in the context of the next influenza season. For this reason, a diagnostic test able to discriminate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from influenza viruses is urgently needed.

Methods
A multiplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was assessed using 1 laboratory protocol with different real-time PCR instruments. Overall, 1000 clinical samples (600 from samples SARS-CoV-2–infected patients, 200 samples from influenza-infected patients, and 200 negative samples) were analyzed.

Results
The assay developed was able to detect and discriminate each virus target and to intercept coinfections. The limit of quantification of each assay ranged between 5 and 10 genomic copy numbers, with a cutoff value of 37.7 and 37.8 for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, respectively. Only 2 influenza coinfections were detected in COVID-19 samples.

Conclusions
This study suggests that multiplex assay is a rapid, valid, and accurate method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in clinical samples. The test may be an important diagnostic tool for both diagnostic and surveillance purposes during the seasonal influenza activity period.
The 1971 and 2019 Hague Judgments Conventions: Compared and Whether China Would Change Its Attitude Towards The Hague
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Tu Guangjian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Under the auspices of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, decades of endeavours brought about the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, being the newest achievement and a milestone. Serving the basic modern values of promoting access to justice and facilitating multilateral trade, the 2019 Convention reflects the global trend and maximizes the common grounds countries could agree to. As a historical culmination, the 2019 Convention refers to the experience of the past Hague conventions, in particular the 1971 Convention. On the one hand, the 2019 Convention duplicates the 1971 Convention in significant respects, maintaining its virtues; on the other hand, novelties are created to avoid the failures shadowing the 1971 Convention. Overall, the 2019 Convention is acceptable though it falls short of some long-lasting expectations. Recent years have seen China’s efforts to promote transboundary movement of judgments and its contribution to the arrival of the 2019 Convention. As an important global player with increasing ambition of claiming more international presence, the Convention is expected to fare well in China.
We Are All Coethnics: State Identities and Foreign Interventions in Violent Conflict
Authors: Huang Reyko , Tabaar Mohammad Ayatollahi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of religious identity in states’ decisions to intervene in foreign conflicts? Existing scholarship on external interventions in armed conflict pays little attention to religion, while many studies on religion and conflict give intrinsic importance to actors’ religious beliefs. In this article, we draw on insights from the comparative study of ethnic identity to explain foreign intervention decisions. Ethnic constructivism has been developed to explain domestic and group identity politics, but we demonstrate its utility for explaining state behavior in international politics. Based on the core premise of ethnic constructivism, we argue that coreligionism and coethnicity are poor predictors of states’ foreign policies. Rather, states create narratives of ethnic affinity in the service of political objectives. We use archival and other primary sources to test the theory's expectations through a structured within-case comparative analysis of Iran and its response to violent conflicts in Lebanon, Tajikistan, and Azerbaijan. Our findings offer robust support for our theory while providing theoretical and methodological implications for the study of “religious” and other identity-based conflicts in international politics.
Criticality of In-House Preparation of Viral Transport Medium in Times of Shortage During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petersen Jeffrey , Dalal Sharvari , Jhala Darshana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWith the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been supply challenges necessitating that laboratories must prepare their own viral transport medium (VTM), which provides stability for clinical specimens for diagnostic viral testing.MethodsWithin a veteran affairs medical center clinical laboratory, VTM was prepared with a Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) 500 mL bottle with phenol red, sterile heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), gentamicin sulfate (50 mg/mL), and amphotericin B (250 μg/mL). An antimicrobial mixture was made of 50 mL each of amphotericin B and gentamicin sulfate. Ten mL of FBS and 2 mL of the antimicrobial mixture were mixed into the HBSS bottle, from which 3 mL aliquots were made. Sterility and efficacy check were assessed. These preparations were conducted at our VAMC’s clinical laboratory to assure adequate VTM supply during the COVID-19 shortage.ResultsThe VTM was successfully prepared in-house, supporting uninterrupted testing for the facility and other affiliated medical facilities/centers and community living centers.ConclusionThis quality assurance/improvement report represents the first published manuscript on feasible VTM preparation exclusively within a clinical microbiology laboratory during the COVID-19 pandemic.