bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the validity of a cohort be improved by reweighting based on register data? Evidence from the Swedish MDC study
Authors: Nilsson Anton , Bonander Carl , Strömberg Ulf , Björk Jonas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In any study with voluntary participation, self-selection risks leading to invalid conclusions. If the determinants of selection are observed, it is however possible to restore the parameters of interest by reweighting the sample to match the population, but this approach has seldom been applied in epidemiological research.

Methods
We reweighted the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study based on population register data on background variables, including socio-demographics and hospital admissions for both participants and the background population. Following individuals from baseline in 1991–1996 and at most until 2016, we studied mortality (all-cause, cancer, and CVD), incidences (cancer and CVD), and associations between these outcomes and background variables. Results from the unweighted and reweighted participant sample were compared with those from the background population.

Results
Mortality was substantially lower in participants than in the background population, but reweighting the sample helped only little to make the numbers similar to those in the background population. For incidences and associations, numbers were generally similar between participants and the background population already without reweighting, rendering reweighting unnecessary.

Conclusion
Reweighting samples based on an extensive range of sociodemographic characteristics and previous hospitalizations does not necessarily yield results that are valid for the population as a whole. In the case of MDC, there appear to be important factors related to both mortality and selection into the study that are not observable in registry data, making it difficult to obtain accurate numbers on population mortality based on cohort participants. These issues seem less relevant for incidences and associations, however. Overall, our results suggest that representativeness must be judged on a case-by-case basis.
Perception survey of crisis and emergency risk communication in an acute hospital in the management of COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
Authors: Ow Yong Lai Meng , Xin Xiaohui , Wee Jennifer Mei Ling , Poopalalingam Ruban , Kwek Kenneth Yung Chiang , Thumboo Julian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Emergency risk communication is a critical component in emergency planning and response. It has been recognised as significant for planning for and responding to public health emergencies. While there is a growing body of guidelines and frameworks on emergency risk communication, it remains a relatively new field. There has also been limited attention on how emergency risk communication is being performed in public health organisations, such as acute hospitals, and what the associated challenges are. This article seeks to examine the perception of crisis and emergency risk communication in an acute hospital in response to COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore and to identify its associated enablers and barriers.

Methods
A 13-item Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) Survey, based on the US Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) CERC framework, was developed and administered to hospital staff during February 24–28, 2020. The survey also included an open-ended question to solicit feedback on areas of CERC in need of improvement. Chi-square test was used for analysis of survey data. Thematic analysis was performed on qualitative feedback.

Results
Of the 1154 participants who responded to the survey, most (94.1%) reported that regular hospital updates on COVID-19 were understandable and actionable. Many (92.5%) stated that accurate, concise and timely information helped to keep them safe. A majority (92.3%) of them were clear about the hospital’s response to the COVID-19 situation, and 79.4% of the respondents reported that the hospital had been able to understand their challenges and address their concerns. Sociodemographic characteristics, such as occupation, age, marital status, work experience, gender, and staff’s primary work location influenced the responses to hospital CERC. Local leaders within the hospital would need support to better communicate and translate hospital updates in response to COVID-19 to actionable plans for their staff. Better communication in executing resource utilization plans, expressing more empathy and care for their staff, and enhancing communication channels, such as through the use of secure text messaging rather than emails would be important.

Conclusion
CERC is relevant and important in the hospital setting to managing COVID-19 and should be considered concurrently with hospital emergency response domains.
Spider venom components decrease glioblastoma cell migration and invasion through RhoA-ROCK and Na+/K+-ATPase β2: potential molecular entities to treat invasive brain cancer
Authors: Barreto Natália , Caballero Marcus , Bonfanti Amanda Pires , de Mato Felipe Cezar Pinheiro , Munhoz Jaqueline , da Rocha‐e‐Silva Thomaz A. A. , Sutti Rafael , Vitorino-Araujo João Luiz , Verinaud Liana , Rapôso Catarina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GB) cells have the ability to migrate and infiltrate the normal parenchyma, leading to the formation of recurrent tumors often adjacent to the surgical extraction site. We recently showed thatPhoneutria nigriventerspider venom (PnV) has anticancer effects mainly on the migration of human GB cell lines (NG97 and U-251). The present work aimed to investigate the effects of isolated components from the venom on migration, invasiveness, morphology and adhesion of GB cells, also evaluating RhoA-ROCK signaling and Na+/K+-ATPase β2 (AMOG) involvement.MethodsHuman (NG97) GB cells were treated with twelve subfractions (SFs—obtained by HPLC from PnV). Migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton were shown by GFAP and phalloidin labeling. The assay with fibronectin coated well plate was made to evaluate cell adhesion. Western blotting demonstrated ROCK and AMOG levels and a ROCK inhibitor was used to verify the involvement of this pathway. Values were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software package and the level of significance was determinate using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.ResultsTwo (SF1 and SF11) of twelve SFs, decreased migration and invasion compared to untreated control cells. Both SFs also altered actin cytoskeleton, changed cell morphology and reduced adhesion. SF1 and SF11 increased ROCK expression and the inhibition of this protein abolished the effects of both subfractions on migration, morphology and adhesion (but not on invasion). SF11 also increased Na+/K+-ATPase β2.ConclusionAll components of the venom were evaluated and two SFs were able to impair human glioblastoma cells. The RhoA effector, ROCK, was shown to be involved in the mechanisms of both PnV components. It is possible that AMOG mediates the effect of SF11 on the invasion. Further investigations to isolate and biochemically characterize the molecules are underway.
Association of parity with birthweight and neonatal death in five sites: The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry study
Authors: Garces Ana , Perez Wilton , Harrison Margo S. , Hwang Kay S. , Nolen Tracy L. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Patel Archana B. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Saleem Sarah , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Derman Richard J. , Patterson Jacquelyn , Koso-Thomas Marion , McClure Elizabeth M. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Nulliparity has been associated with lower birth weight (BW) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, with most of the data coming from high-income countries. In this study, we examined birth weight for gestational age z-scores and neonatal (28-day) mortality in a large prospective cohort of women dated by first trimester ultrasound from multiple sites in low and middle-income countries.

Methods
Pregnant women were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy and followed through 6 weeks postpartum from Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guatemala, Belagavi and Nagpur, India, and Pakistan from 2017 and 2018. Data related to the pregnancy and its outcomes were collected prospectively. First trimester ultrasound was used for determination of gestational age; (BW) was obtained in grams within 48 h of delivery and later transformed to weight for age z-scores (WAZ) adjusted for gestational age using the INTERGROWTH-21st standards.

Results
15,121 women were eligible and included. Infants of nulliparous women had lower mean BWs (males: 2676 gr, females: 2587 gr, total: 2634 gr) and gestational age adjusted weight for age z-scores (males: − 0.73, females: − 0.77, total: − 0.75,) than women with one or more previous pregnancies. The largest differences were between zero and one previous pregnancies among female infants. The associations of parity with BW and z-scores remained even after adjustment for maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, antenatal care visits, hypertensive disorders, and socioeconomic status. Nulliparous women also had a significantly higher < 28-day neonatal mortality rate (27.7 per 1,000 live births) than parous women (17.2 and 20.7 for parity of 1–3 and ≥ 4 respectively). Risk of preterm birth was higher among women with ≥ 4 previous pregnancies (15.5%) compared to 11.3% for the nulliparous group and 11.8% for women with one to three previous pregnancies (p = 0.0072).

Conclusions
In this large sample from diverse settings, nulliparity was independently associated with both lower BW and WAZ scores as well as higher neonatal mortality compared to multiparity.
Oviposition of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated native species in relation to season, temperature and land use in western Germany
Authors: Früh Linus , Kampen Helge , Koban Marcel B. , Pernat Nadja , Schaub Günter A. , Werner Doreen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Aedes japonicus japonicus, first detected in Europe in 2000 and considered established in Germany 10 years later, is of medical importance due to its opportunistic biting behaviour and its potential to transmit pathogenic viruses. Its seasonal phenology, temperature and land use preference related to oviposition in newly colonised regions remain unclear, especially in the context of co-occurring native mosquito species.

Methods
Focussing on regions in Germany known to be infested by Ae. japonicus japonicus, we installed ovitraps in different landscapes and their transition zones and recorded the oviposition activity of mosquitoes in relation to season, temperature and land use (arable land, forest, settlement) in two field seasons (May–August 2017, April–November 2018).

Results
Ae. japonicus japonicus eggs and larvae were encountered in 2017 from June to August and in 2018 from May to November, with a markedly high abundance from June to September in rural transition zones between forest and settlement, limited to water temperatures below 30 °C. Of the three native mosquito taxa using the ovitraps, the most frequent was Culex pipiens s.l., whose offspring was found in high numbers from June to August at water temperatures of up to 35 °C. The third recorded species, Anopheles plumbeus, rarely occurred in ovitraps positioned in settlements and on arable land, but was often associated with Ae. japonicus japonicus. The least frequent species, Aedes geniculatus, was mostly found in ovitraps located in the forest.

Conclusions
The transition zone between forest and settlement was demonstrated to be the preferred oviposition habitat of Ae. japonicus japonicus, where it was also the most frequent container-inhabiting mosquito species in this study. Compared to native taxa, Ae. japonicus japonicus showed an extended seasonal activity period, presumably due to tolerance of colder water temperatures. Higher water temperatures and arable land represent distribution barriers to this species. The frequently co-occurring native species An. plumbeus might be useful as an indicator for potentially suitable oviposition habitats of Ae. japonicus japonicus in hitherto uncolonised regions. The results contribute to a better understanding of mosquito ecology and provide a basis for more targeted monitoring, distribution modelling and risk management of mosquitoes.

Graphical Abstract
A qualitative content analysis of "problem students": how can we identify and manage them?
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khajeali Nasrin , Kalantarion Masomeh , Amini Mitra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Problem students is one of the important issues in medical education. This study aimed to identify the problem students and the ways for managing these students from the educational experts view. Purposive sampling was used, and data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was performed by the content analysis method based on the Heidegger approach. We interviewed 12 educational experts who had a history of dealing with "problem students”.

Results
After data analysis, five main themes and 28 categories, and 164 codes were extracted. The reasons for changing a student to a problem students was: student self-regulation skills, multilayer interactions, curriculum failure, identification policy and supportive solutions. The results indicated that despite revision in the curriculum, there were shortcomings in identification and management of problem students. According to participants, existence of a comprehensive system and a capable counseling center can identify the problem student sooner. On the other hand by improving self-regulation skills, active teaching methods and frequent formative evaluation and the use of supportive strategies, problem student can be encouraged to complete their education successfully. This study emphasized faculty development, reviewing the faculty member recruitment, strengthening counseling centers, improving the exams.
Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients
Authors: Ad’hiah Ali H. , Abdullah Maha H. , Alsudani Mustafa Y. , Shnawa Rasool M. S. , Al-Sa’ady Ali J. R. , Allami Risala H. , Misha’al Khawla I. , Jassim Iftikhar A. , Taqi Estabraq A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients.ResultsMean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year; probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858; 95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875;p< 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4vs. 39.6%) and controls (56vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5vs. 32.7; correctedp[pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3vs. 41.7%;pc= 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0vs. 63.3%;pc= 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21;pc= 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls.ConclusionsThe study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males.
Botulinum toxin abdominal wall injection and post-omphalocele ventral hernia repair: database and proposal of a protocol
Authors: de Jesus Lisieux Eyer , Leve Thais Cardoso , Fulgencio Celine , Dekermacher Samuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Post-omphalocele ventral hernias (POVH) are common after giant omphaloceles. Abdominal wall botulinum toxin injections (BTI) are useful to treat complex incisional hernias (CIH) in adults, which may also apply to POVH. We review BTI data in the treatment of CIH and POVH and propose an algorithm applicable to POVH.

Results
Sixteen papers which described the treatment of CIH on the treatment of POVH in adults (n = 15) and children (n = 1) were reviewed. BTI elongates the lateral abdominal wall and reduces the hernia defect, with a lower incidence of compartment syndrome and respiratory complications. Doses and injection volumes vary. Effects start after 3 days, peak after 10–15 days, stabilize for 2–3 months, and decline after 4–6 months, disappearing after 6–9 months. Patients should be operated on 3–4 weeks after injection. Post-operative complications are uncommon. BTI may be associated with pre-operative pneumoperitoneum (PPP). Children presenting POVH differ from adults presenting CIH. Associated congenital cardiac malformations, genetically determined syndromes, pulmonary hypoplasia, abdominal wall hypoplasia, and thoracic dysmorphism, are common; children need sedation for any procedures; non-absorbable reinforcing meshes are not indicated; and POVH limits are frequently near to the costal margin.

Conclusion
BTI to induce preoperative muscular relaxation in preparation of CIH repair in adults is effective and safe. Experience with the method in children with POVH is limited, but the proposal is logical and probably safe. POVH differs from CIH in some aspects, especially abdominal wall hypoplasia, proximity to the rib cage, and diaphragmatic biomechanics.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption by Insertion Reaction in the Nanospace of a Porphyrin-based MOF
Authors: Morita Masashi , Kusaka Shinpei , Yonezu Akira , Ohara Yuki , Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Matsuda Ryotaro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Here we report enhanced CO2 molecular recognition ability by incorporating insertion reaction into a metal porphyrin complex in a metal-organic framework (MOF). PCN-222(Cu)-INA was synthesized by the reaction of PCN-222(Cu) [Zr6O8(H2O)8(Cu-TCPP)2], where Cu-TCPP = Cu(II) tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, and isonicotinic acid (INA). PCN-222(Cu)-INA exhibited a 1.5 times larger CO2 adsorption amount than PCN-222(Cu) at 298 K and 1 bar. The mechanism involving insertion reaction of CO2 into Cu–N bonds enhanced the adsorption, which was revealed by in situ IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
Inertial sensor and Timed Up and Go test in elderly women with bone demineralization: a reliability and agreement study
Authors: Silva Laíla Pereira Gomes da , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de , Costa André dos Santos , Pedrosa Barbara Cristina de Sousa , SIlva Karla Kristine Dames da , Santos Tony Meirelles dos 
Published: December 2020

O estudo visa avaliar: 1) confiabilidade teste-reteste e medidas de erro das variáveis quantitativas do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) coletadas com o sensor inercial wireless Wiva® Science (TUGsi) e, 2) a concordância do TUGsi e o método cronometrado (TUGc) e entre os dois métodos aplicados em idosas com osteoporose e osteopenia. Foram recrutadas 18 idosas com desmineralização óssea. O tempo (s) de duas execuções do TUG (T1 e T2) foi mensurado com cronômetro manual por um avaliador e com o sensor inercial acoplado ao corpo em nível da vértebra L5 com coleta remota. T1 e T2 foram executadas com intervalo de 1 min. As subtarefas do TUG também foram captadas pelo sensor inercial. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e erro das variáveis foram avaliados pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), erro padrão de medida (EPM) e mínima mudança detectável (MMD). A concordância entre as médias do tempo total do TUGc e TUCsi e entre T1 e T2 mensuradas com o sensor e cronômetro foram avaliadas pelo método Bland-Altman. A consistência interna das subtarefas do TUGsi variaram entre substancial a quase completa. O EPM e a MMD para o TUGsi foram de 1,27s e 2,48s, respectivamente. A concordância entre medidas do sensor e cronômetro apresentaram baixo erro sistemático. O sensor inercial foi confiável na verificação do desempenho do TUG e pode ser um complemento para avaliação de risco de quedas e mobilidade funcional de idosas com desmineralização óssea. Porém, não representa melhoria na investigação exclusiva do tempo total do teste.
Determinantes sociais da saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração no Brasil
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schulter Buss , Campagnoni Juliana Praxedes , Zanettini Angélica , Schleicher Maira Lídia , Walker Fernanda 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos imigrantes haitianos sobre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa ação participante, fundamentada no Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que constitui três fases: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Descodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Realizou-se Círculo de Cultura, no segundo semestre de 2019, com a participação de 12 imigrantes haitianos, estudantes universitários, residentes no oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: nos diálogos emergiram duas temáticas para discussão como determinação social da saúde e doença: saúde do imigrante no Brasil; desafios de estudar e trabalhar. Conclusão: A iniquidade de acesso aos direitos, escasso tempo para dormir e praticar exercícios físicos, saudade do Haiti, dificuldade financeira, adaptação à cultura brasileira e discriminação foram apontados como fatores determinantes que afetam a saúde. Urge a necessidade da construção de políticas públicas que garantam os direitos dos imigrantes no Brasil.
248. Uma leitura sobre propostas curriculares de Geografia no Brasil: 1986-2018
Authors: Lima Maria das Graças de 
Published: December 2020

Desde os anos 1980, buscando modificar práticas de ensino, foram implementadas na educação escolar brasileira diversas reformas educacionais, precedidas por propostas curriculares para todas as áreas do ensino escolar, incluindo a Geografia. Entre os anos 1986 e 2018, três propostas curriculares e uma base curricular, que tiveram particular interesse para este estudo por suas proximidades e pelas suas contribuições ao ensino de Geografia no Brasil, foram aprovadas: a proposta da Coordenadoria de Estudos e Normas Pedagógicas - CENP, em 1986, no estado de São Paulo; a proposta municipal, em 1992, no município de São Paulo; os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN de Geografia, aprovados em 1998 pelo Ministério de Educação - MEC para o território brasileiro; e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC, aprovada pelo MEC para o território brasileiro em 2017 e 2018. Essas propostas curriculares contribuíram de diversos modos para a alteração da abordagem didática, pedagógica e geográfica do ensino de Geografia no Brasil, deslocando suas questões da relação sociedade/natureza para sociedade/ambiente, modificando, com isso, seus conteúdos, introduzindo metodologias de ensino e manifestando preocupações com a aprendizagem dos educandos e com a democratização da rede escolar.