bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From entropic to energetic barriers in glassy dynamics: the Barrat–Mézard trap model on sparse networks
Authors: Tapias Diego , Paprotzki Eva , Sollich Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Trap models describe glassy dynamics as a stochastic process on a network of configurations representing local energy minima. We study within this class the paradigmatic Barrat–Mézard model, which has Glauber transition rates. Our focus is on the effects of the network connectivity, where we go beyond the usual mean field (fully connected) approximation and consider sparse networks, specifically random regular graphs (RRG). We obtain the spectral density of relaxation rates of the master operator using the cavity method, revealing very rich behaviour as a function of network connectivity c and temperature T. We trace this back to a crossover from initially entropic barriers, resulting from a paucity of downhill directions, to energy barriers that govern the escape from local minima at long times. The insights gained are used to rationalize the relaxation of the energy after a quench from high T, as well as the corresponding correlation and persistence functions.
Ground Level Ozone Fluctuational Characteristics within Two Industrial Areas in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Hasifah Abdul , Awang Norrimi Rosaida , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Mohamad Junaidi Nur Fatihana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the fluctuation characteristics and source signature of ground level ozone (GLO) at a receptor site in commercial urban-industrial and suburban industrial area in Shah Alam, Selangor, and Bakar Arang are hot spots for industrialization. The fluctuation characteristics of ozone in industrial is determined using critical conversion time (CCT) and introduce the Critical Transformation Time (CTT) using secondary data from 2000 to 2011. We also use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the primary sources from atmospheric parameter and meteorological parameter. It was observed that suburban Bakar Arang has earlier CCT between 8.00 a.m. and 9.00 a.m. compared to Shah Alam where CCT occurred between 10.00 to 11.00 a.m. Results of PCA indicate ozone CCT fluctuation contribution in Shah Alam by primary air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, CH4) and meteorological influence are 64.1% and 41.5%, respectively, higher than that in Bakar Arang. The use of CCT and CTT show specific time range of ozone production and destruction. These sources of compounds lead to formation of GLO and affecting the CCT. The application of CTT could be a signal of the urgent need to manage nitrogen emission from commercial industrial areas.
GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Zonation of Kg. Chas, Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Syafril Nur Safrina , Udin Wani Sofia , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research entitled GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Zonation and Evaluation of Kg. Chas, Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan. The study area is located in Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan with the area covered is 25 km2. The aim of this research is to evaluate the landslide causative factors and to produce the landslide hazard zonation map with scale of 1:25000. The method used in generating the landslide hazard zonation map is by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) which is using the Weighted Overlay Method (WOM). The parameters that triggered the occurrence of landslide were analyzed and overlaid in order to generate the landslide hazard zonation map. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used to extract the parameters. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) methods were used to identify the changes of the vegetation and to locate the locations of the past landslides in the study area. The results showed that the landslide hazard zonation map were divided into 5 classes. Class 1 is no hazard, class 2 is low hazard, class 3 is medium hazard, class 4 is high hazard and class 5 is the highest hazard. Based on the landslide hazard zonation map, the study area is covered with a low hazard of landslide and the probability of landslide to occur is low.
Alluvium Assessment of Gold-Bearing Layer in Buried Old River Channel by using Electrical Resistivity Method at Batu Melintang, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Syakir , Udin Wani Sofia , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Fatihi Mohamad , Fikri Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey was conducted to delineate the distribution of sediment in the gold-bearing layer and the nature of bedrock within the study area at Batu Melintang. The study area is known as a highly potential zone of gold mineralization due to its location within the Bentong-Raub suture zone. Miners are having difficulties to have a proper mining activities plan as the alluvium distribution is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify the sediment in the subsurface of the mining area and to locate the high potential deposit containing gold. ERI survey concerns with resistivity (ohm.m) value of rocks in the subsurface. This research was conducted by using the Schlumberger array with the total number of survey lines are four. All the survey line were done in 200m with 2.5m electrode spacing except for survey line 3 which was done at 100m with 1.5m electrode spacing. All the data obtained is processed in RES2DINV software. The results show variable resistivity ranging from 1-4000ohm.m with a depth of investigation is approximately 35m for 200m length of survey line and depth of 16m for 100m length of survey line. Low resistivity zones of 10-800ohm.m show the values for alluvium present in the area while high resistivity zones of 2000-4000ohm.m indicate values for bedrock. Alluvium layer is identified located around 15m depth, whereas the depth of bedrock is about 20m. This survey gives the general idea of the alluvium distribution, old river channel and the depth of bedrock that can be used for volume estimation and facilitates to create a proper sustainable mining plan in the future
Geomorphosite Assessment of Renyok River, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Udin Wani Sofia , Hussin Hamzah , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Sulaiman Nursufiah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Renyok River has many unique and interesting geosites. So far there are very few academic publications related to Renyok River so that its potential as a tourist area is not discovered. In order to ensure the Renyok River geosite has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction, a comprehensive geomorphosite study is carried out along the Renyok river. In this study the data collection was carried out through geomorphological mapping on geosite along the river. Geomorphosite data were obtained and analyzed in reference to the standard values created by Kubalikova. River landform dominated by leucogranite and metasediment where contacts can be found in many locations. The analysis shows that the Renyok River geomorphosite value is quite high in all aspects assessed including Scientific and Intrinsic aspects (75%), educational (87.5%), conservation aspects (62.5%), and value added aspects (75%), but low value only in economy aspects (33%). Overall conclusion is that the Renyok River has a high potential to be developed as a geotourism area with a note that all deficiencies will be improved in the future and subsequently could be beneficial to economic strengthening.
Density of Densified Paraserianthes falcataria Wood Pre-treated with Alkali
Authors: Raman Vinodini , Liew Kang Chiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wood densification is done to improve its mechanical and physical properties, by compressing the porous structure under steam, heat and pressure called Viscoelastic-Thermal Compression (VTC). This study had been done to evaluate the effect of alkaline pre-treatment using different concentrations of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on Paraserianthes falcataria (local name: Batai) and its density. Alkaline pre-treatment was done before the densification process, using three different concentrations of NaOH (3%, 6% and 9%) with 0% NaOH as the control. There were 30 replicates used for the study. The lamina was prepared by trimming the lamina sawn timber into specific size. Then, laminas cooking process in different NaOH concentrations for 30 minutes, followed by hot water extraction with acetic acid for 20 minutes and 24 hours of oven dried under temperature 103 ± 5°C. The laminas were then pressed using hot press machine under 105°C temperature and 6 MPa pressure for 30 minutes before cooling phase were conducted for 10 minutes. The density was evaluated continuously for 7 days and the results showed that densified P. falcataria without alkaline pre-treatment (0% NaOH) has the highest density compared to treated densified P. falcataria with different alkaline pre-treatments (3%, 6% and 9%); meanwhile the highest concentration of NaOH (9%) has the lowest density value compared to 3% and 6%, as 3% has the higher value than 6% NaOH.
Diversity of Ferns and Lycophytes of Pergau Dam, Kelantan and its Vicinity
Authors: Maideen Haja , Syahirah Fatin , Khaduwi Nur Aliah , Nadhirah Nurul , Norhazrina Nik , Nor Shukor Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ferns and lycophytes were opportunistically collected along the major trail at Gunung Basor Forest Reserve near Pergau Dam, Kelantan. Samples were curated, identified and deposited at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Herbarium (UKMB). From the sampling area, a total of 94 taxa of ferns and lycophytes in 55 genera and 29 families were identified. This figure represents 8.07% of the total 1165 taxa of ferns and lycophytes in Malaysia and 14.52% of 647 taxa recorded in Semenanjung Malaysia. Polypodiaceae is the largest family recorded with 11 species in eight genera. The second largest family is Aspleniaceae with 10 species in a single genus. This is followed by the family Grammitidaceae with eight species in six genera. The most widely recorded species is from the genus Asplenium. The smallest families with one species each are Blechnaceae, Cyatheaceae, Gleichiniaceae, Marattiaceae, Matoniaceae, Oleandraceae, Ophioglossaceae, Psilotaceae, Pteridaceae and Sinopteridaceae. From the 94 taxa reported, terrestrial species are the most dominant with ca. 53 species covering 56.0% and followed by epiphytic species (33%) and litophyte species (10.6%).
Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock of Lianas along the Watershed Area of Pergau, Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fauzi Norashikin , Ilias Muhammad Aideed , Amaluddin Nazahatul Anis , Hambali Kamarul , Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Firdaus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A preliminary inventory on the above ground biomass and carbon stock of liana associated with landscape-scale fragmentation induced by the Pergau dam along the watershed area of Sungai Long II intake in Jeli, Kelantan was executed. A total of 67 liana individuals (≥1 cm dbh) was enumerated in 0.15 ha of surveyed plot. Lianas with dbh range between 0.06 to 0.95cm were found to be dominant in the inventory site, comprising 41.8% of the proportional abundance followed by 40.3% of lianas with dbh in the range of 1.05 to 1.94cm. The least encountered dbh of lianas were 3.82cm and 4.14cm respectively (1.5%). The total above ground biomass was estimated 37.9 t ha−1 within the inventory site. The contribution of liana biomass to total above ground biomass has been estimated 6.5%, extremely lower than the total above ground biomass contributed by the thirteen host trees (545.3 t ha−1). Carbon sequestration by lianas was estimated 19.8 t C ha−1, contributing 6.8% in response to level off high CO2 whilst the carbon stock of the host trees was estimated 272.6 t C ha−1. It could be suggested that ecosystems along the Sungai Long II in Pergau, Kelantan have been disturbed and this was based on the high abundance of liana. Although the above ground biomass of lianas was lesser than the host trees, the liana population size should be controlled and in equilibrium within the ecosystem. To ensure the stability of the ecosystem, regular silviculture treatment should be executed in the highly liana infected area.
Macroinvertebrates Checklist in River Intakes of Pergau Lake, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Idris Nurul Hashimah , Shafie Nur Syuhadah , Mohd Snawi Mohammad Muizz , Azlan Rozali Mohd Fayree , Bahri Ayuni Samsul , Shukor Aisah Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted in several selected river intakes of the Pergau Lake as well as Sungai Pergau to determine the macroinvertebrate community, and also to update checklist of those macroinvertebrates known to the area. Previous study was done by Suhaila et al in 2017 with seven sampling points; Sungai Terang, Sungai Suda, Sungai Renyok 2, Sungai Renyok 3, Sungai Kalai, Sungai Long 1 and Sungai Long 2. Meanwhile, this study maintain the similar sampling points except Sungai Kalai, besides introduction of new sampling points at Sungai Renyok 1 and Sungai Pergau. Result shows the study rivers have great number of macroinvertebrates taxa. Sungai Renyok 2 recorded the most diverse aquatic insect collected with 29 genera while the least diversity of aquatic insects was recorded in Sungai Suda (16 genera). A total of 53 genera and 34 families from nine different orders of benthic macroinvertebrates namely Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Decapoda, and Lepidoptera were recorded. The existence of some orders such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) showed rivers in Pergau has good water quality and habitats for macroinvertebrates especially aquatic insects.
Spatial Analysis Model Assessing Habitat Quality of Selangor
Authors: Adnan Norliyana , Mamat Mohd Parid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years, ecosystem services mapping has become key as its practical application and offer a wide range of assessment. One of them is habitat quality assessments, which are an excellent significance for protecting biodiversity. This study analyses the changing habitat quality of Selangor, specifically in the Hulu Langat catchment. The spatial analysis model of Integrating Valuation of Ecosystem Services (InVEST) Habitat Quality was used. The tool provides a rapid approach to assess the status and changes in biodiversity. Data used were the land use maps for 2005, 2010 and 2015 and the main threats of wildlife. The model calculates habitat quality and degradation based on intensity and sensitivity. Results show that a number of the area with habitat degradation and degree of habitat quality ranged 0 to 1, which indicate that 0 are the low area biodiversity and nearly to 1 with high biodiversity. The analysis provides input to the government and local authority in assessing ecosystem services through mapping using presented spatial analysis models.
Diversity and Distribution of Primates in the Gunung Basur Permanent Forest Reserve
Authors: Muhd Sahimi Hani Nabilia , Zawawi Zainal Abdullah , Selat Baharim , Khalid Norfariza Mohd , Magintan David , Abdul Rahman Mohd Taufik , Nor Shukor Md. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents data regarding the diversity, population density, and distribution of primate species within the Gunung Basur Permanent Forest Reserve (GBPFR). The survey was conducted from the 3rd–8th of November in 2019, covering 7 survey locations (Terang Pump House, Suda Intake, Renyok 1 Intake, Renyok 2 Intake, Renyok 3 Intake, Long Intake, and Long 2 Intake) within the reserve. A total of 36 hours was spent to perform random sampling observations. The focus of this survey was to identify diurnal primate species. A total of 5 species (Symphalangus syndactylus, Hylobates agilis, Presbytis siamensis, Trachypithecus obscurus, and Macaca nemestrina), belonging to the families Hylobatidae and Cercopithecidae, were observed during the survey period. The density of Trachypithecus obscurus was high at the study site, with 60 individuals identified, followed by Symphalangus syndactylus, with 45 individuals, Presbytis siamensis, with 39 individuals, Hylobates agilis, with 20 individuals, and Macaca nemestrina with only 3 individuals. Two of the identified species are classified as Totally Protected (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates agilis), whereas the other 3 species (Macaca nemestrina, Presbytis siamensis, and Trachypithecus obscurus) as classified as Protected, according to the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, 2 species (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates agilis) are considered to be Endangered, 2 species (Presbytis siamensis and Trachypithecus obscurus) are considered to be Near Threatened, and Macaca nemestrina is listed as Vulnerable. The data gathered from this study is crucial for designing a wildlife conservation plan for this reserve.
Determination of Microplastics in Surface Water and Sediment of Kelantan Bay
Authors: Saipolbahri Nurain , Anak Bitlus Mimi Lovianna , Ismail Nur Arifah , Fauzi Norashikin Mohd , Subki Noor Syuhadah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the presence of microplastics in surface water and sediment ofKelantan Bay. The samples were collected between May and July 2019. Microplastics were isolated from the surface water and sediment samples by using wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) followed by density separation. Microplastics were sorted visually according to their shapes and colours after being examined under photographed microscope. The most abundant particle found in this study was threadlike and fragment shapes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify functional groups in the composition of microplastics to determine the types of microplastic found in the samples. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundance type of microplastic found in the surface water and sediments of Kelantan Bay. This study provides an insight of the types of microplastics found in Kelantan Bay and therefore, further actions need to be taken to curb the distribution of microplastics in marine ecosystem from threatening the marine food chain of Kelantan Bay.
Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) Programmes in Schools: A Case Study in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Abas Muhamad Azahar , Ibrahim Nur Eliana , Wee Seow Ta , Sibly Suzyrman , Mohamed Sulzakimin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Flooding is not an uncommon phenomenon that occurs yearly in Malaysia. In fact, in the last few decades, the event of floods in Malaysia has become a disaster and has negatively impacted human wellbeing. Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) is one of the initiatives to prepare the community towards the unpredictable event of a disaster, including the flood. Therefore, this study will explore the Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) programmes that have been conducted in a secondary school at Tanah Merah, Kelantan. A questionnaire was adopted as the research instrument to collect data from respondents. A total of 200 respondents which consisted of students, teachers, and administrative staffs, had participated in this study. The stratified sampling approach was applied in this study to select the respondents. Descriptive and inferential analysis were executed to explore the DRE programmes that had been conducted, in order to identify the school’s community awareness on DRE and the factors that influence the school’s community awareness. This study has revealed that there is a minimal number of DRE programmes that have been conducted by the school. However, the awareness level of the school community on DRE is good. This study has found that different socio-demographic factors have a significant influence on the school’s community awareness on DRE. Therefore, the finding from this study is crucial for the local authority and government, to enhance the resilience programme in school.
Malaysia Textile Craft Industry: Innovation Inspired by Bamboo for Batik Block Contemporary Design
Authors: Lias Hamdan , Ismail Ahmad Rashdan , Hamid Haslinda Abd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Block Batik in batik industry has been practised in Malaysia since 1920s. It also known as “Batik Cop” or “Batik Terap”. The block for stamping or “Sarang Batik” normally made from steel with variety design on the surface of it. The beauty of the block batik pattern designs depend on the fineness and creativity of the motifs designed that engraved on the surface of the block by the expertise of the engraver. Therefore the objective of the study is to produce new design for block batik used from natural sources which is bamboo as a block to stamp the design for batik. The study emphasized on the uses of bamboo sticks cutted from bamboo tree sections as a block to create new geometric and spontaneous design for block batik design. Bamboo is one of the tropical resources in Malaysia. The light weight of the bamboo sticks alternatively can reduce the consequences towards the practitioners rather than using block made from steel which is more heavy than bamboo. The structure on the bamboo vascular cross sections scattered around the trunk create circular motif, dots and dotted lines. The uniqueness of the motif and pattern using bamboo as a block depends on the creativity in manipulating the structure of the bamboo with stamping techniques and the application of wax and the color techniques. A variety of designs such as overall repetition, vertical stripes and horizontal stripes as well as color overlays and tones highlight the creativity of the batik design. Such designs can be featured in the market especially for production of handicraft products, interior decoration and clothing design. Therefore, this study significantly gives an ideas and inspiration for batik entrepreneurs in producing block batik by using bamboo as new natural based batik design at a lower-cost.
Possibility of Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve (SLFR), Sandakan As Nature Tourism Attraction
Authors: Hasmat Nurliza , Mojiol Andy Russel , Rashid Rosmalina Abdul , Goh Collin , Liau Paul , John Sanchez Vincent , Linus Jesleen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The tourism sector in Sabah is rapidly developing as the state has high biodiversity resources. The state needs to diversify its natural tourism destinations to increase the number of tourists because tourism is one of the sector that give some contribution to the economic state. Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve which located in Sandakan district is a newly discovered conservation area that has the potential to be a natural tourism area as this area is rich in biodiversity of flora and fauna as well as attractive landscapes. The objective of the study is to identify the natural resources found in the SLFR that can be the tourist attraction. The Criteria for Assessing Natural Tourism Potential based on National Ecotourism Plan of Malaysia (Guideline for Sabah State) was used in this study. This study shows that the SLFR area has the potential to be a nature tourism attraction but recommends to have some management mechanism in place to precede any development of tourism activity.