bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary stress increases the total opportunity for sexual selection and modifies selection on condition‐dependent traits
Authors: Cattelan Silvia , Evans Jonathan P. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Francisco , Morbiato Elisa , Pilastro Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough it is often expected that adverse environmental conditions depress the expression of condition‐dependent sexually selected traits, the full consequences of environmental change for the action of sexual selection, in terms of the opportunity for total sexual selection and patterns of phenotypic selection, are unknown. Here we show that dietary stress in guppies, Poecilia reticulata, reduces the expression of several sexually selected traits and increases the opportunity for total sexual selection (standardized variance in reproductive success) in males. Furthermore, our results show that dietary stress modulates the relative importance of precopulatory (mating success) and postcopulatory (relative fertilization success) sexual selection, and that the form of multivariate sexual selection (linear vs. nonlinear) depends on dietary regime. Overall, our results are consistent with a pattern of heightened directional selection on condition‐dependent sexually selected traits under environmental stress, and underscore the importance of sexual selection in shaping adaptation in a changing world.
Aesthetics as Shared Interfaith Space between Christianity and Islam
Authors: Mihoc Vasile‐Octavian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to its immediate message, religious aesthetics is prone to various kinds of instrumentations in the contemporary world. In this context the aesthetic fundamentals shared by different religious traditions or scriptures must be rediscovered. This article argues for theological aesthetics as an effective category of analyzing religious identity and alterity. It looks at the aesthetics of revelation and scripture, and their reflexes in the embodied faith – architecture, ritual, and faith narratives – to articulate a comparative aesthetic theology of Christianity and Islam. The focus of this article lies in the interreligious potentialities of religious aesthetics, in the case of (Eastern) Christianity and Islam, conceived as a resonance chamber for similar sensibilities in the two religions.
The Virgin and the Whore – An Interreligious Challenge for Our Times
Authors: Parker Eve Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe boundaries of religious belonging are often based upon essentialist patriarchal conceptions of decency and morality that have been shaped into doctrine; those who are deemed indecent are marginalized to locations of struggle and often met with violence – thus presenting an interreligious challenge for our times. This paper will explore the gendered politics of religious belonging through an intersectional lens, focusing on the virgin/whore dichotomy in Christianity. It aims to undress exclusive notions of religious belonging and expose the hegemonic systems that have created ideological boundaries intended to control the bodies of women. It will then look to the narrative of Tamar and Judah in the book of Genesis, where prostitution, Levirate marriage, widowhood, childbirth, ethnicity, honour killing, and sexual desires shape the text and force the reader to confront questions of morality, justice, and the politics of religious belonging.
Re‐viewing Christian Theologies of Religious Diversity
Authors: Samuel Joshua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile Christian theology of religions fundamentally revolves around the questions of revelation and salvation, as some scholars have shown, context also plays an important role in dialoguing/engaging with other religions. However, these context‐sensitive perspectives, which focus on common socio‐economic‐ecological concerns and multiple identities that cut across religious boundaries, generally seem to promote a pluralistic position (for commendable reasons). But this need not always be the case. In contexts (like that of rural Dalit Christianity) where communities are marginalized and threatened, it might be necessary and justifiable to make claims of exclusivism; although what is (verbally) professed could be quite different from what is actually practised. Reflecting on these observations, this essay suggests the need for theologians of religions and dialogists to be (self‐)aware of the critical and complex role that socio‐political contexts play in terms of influencing and determining (their) theological approaches toward other religions.
An evolutionary perspective on marine invasions
Authors: Blakeslee April M. H. , Manousaki Tereza , Vasileiadou Katerina , Tepolt Carolyn K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpecies distributions are rapidly changing as human globalization increasingly moves organisms to novel environments. In marine systems, species introductions are the result of a number of anthropogenic mechanisms, notably shipping, aquaculture/mariculture, the pet and bait trades, and the creation of canals. Marine invasions are a global threat to human and non‐human populations alike and are often listed as one of the top conservation concerns worldwide, having ecological, evolutionary, and social ramifications. Evolutionary investigations of marine invasions can provide crucial insight into an introduced species’ potential impacts in its new range, including: physiological adaptation and behavioral changes to exploit new environments; changes in resident populations, community interactions, and ecosystems; and severe reductions in genetic diversity that may limit evolutionary potential in the introduced range. This special issue focuses on current research advances in the evolutionary biology of marine invasions and can be broadly classified into a few major avenues of research: the evolutionary history of invasive populations, post‐invasion reproductive changes, and the role of evolution in parasite introductions. Together, they demonstrate the value of investigating marine invasions from an evolutionary perspective, with benefits to both fundamental and applied evolutionary biology at local and broad scales.
Flood disturbance affects macroinvertebrate food chain length in an alluvial river floodplain
Authors: Chanut Pierre C. M. , Siebers Andre R. , Robinson Christopher T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Characterising food‐web responses to environmental factors could greatly improve our understanding of environment‐biota relationships, and especially in floodplains where trophic interactions can be particularly important during phases of hydrological disconnection. The effects of floodplain hydrology and environmental attributes on structural aspects of biotic assemblages have been extensively studied, but responses at the functional level remain largely unknown.

Here, we characterised a central aspect of food‐web architecture, the food chain length, as the maximum trophic position within 24 macroinvertebrate communities of parafluvial habitats in the Maggia river floodplain, in Switzerland. We investigated how the food chain length changed with different levels of habitat size, primary productivity and disturbance, the three factors potentially affecting food chain length in both theoretical and empirical studies.

We found that food chain length was lower in frequently flooded habitats and immediately after a flood. We also showed that trophic omnivory, where predators fed at lower trophic levels after flooding, and in more frequently flooded habitats, may explain these changes.

These findings show that trophic omnivory may explain how predators resist disturbance and are maintained in highly dynamic landscapes. More importantly, given that trophic omnivory may overall weaken trophic linkages and thus increase food‐web stability, this suggests that it could be a key mechanism in sustaining biodiversity in river floodplains.
Beavers alter stream macroinvertebrate communities in north‐eastern Utah
Authors: Washko Susan , Roper Brett , Atwood Trisha B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Understanding changes in macroinvertebrate communities is important because they play a large role in stream ecosystem functioning, and they are an important food resource for fish. Beaver‐induced changes to stream morphology could alter macroinvertebrate communities, which in turn could affect food webs and ecosystem function. However, studies investigating the effects of North American beaver activities on macroinvertebrates are rare in the inter‐mountain west, an area with high potential for beaver‐assisted restoration.

The aim of this study was to quantify differences in the macroinvertebrate community between unaltered segments of streams and within beaver ponds in north‐eastern Utah, U.S.A. We assessed macroinvertebrate species richness, biomass, density, functional feeding group composition, mobility group composition, and macroinvertebrate habitat characteristics to test the hypothesis that macroinvertebrate communities will differ among habitat types (undammed stream segments and beaver ponds) in beaver‐occupied streams.

Beaver pond communities significantly differed from lotic reach communities in many ways. Beaver ponds were less diverse with 25% fewer species. Although there was variability among streams, in general, beaver ponds had 75% fewer individuals and 90% lower total macroinvertebrate biomass compared to lotic reaches.

Regarding functional feeding groups, beaver ponds contained more engulfers, while lotic reaches contained more scrapers, filterers, and gatherers. For mobility groups, beaver ponds had more sprawlers, while lotic reaches had more clingers. Swimmers were also more prevalent in lotic reaches, although this is probably due to the abundance of Baetis within lotic reaches. More beaver pond taxa were classified as lentic‐dwelling insects, while more lotic reach taxa were categorised as preferring lotic habitats.

The creation of ponds by beavers fundamentally altered the macroinvertebrate community in north‐eastern Utah streams. Such changes to stream macroinvertebrate communities suggest that recolonisation of beavers across North America may be altering stream functioning and food webs. Our study highlights the need to further investigate the effects of beaver recolonisation on stream communities.
An infatuation with building things: Business strategies, linkages, and small city economic development in Manitoba
Authors: Rice Murray D. , Kalafsky Ronald V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe establishment of a solid understanding of regional economic development has proved to be highly elusive. Research efforts within this area have focused largely on major urban areas, yet this somewhat narrow focus means that economic development activities in smaller urban centers have not received the attention that they deserve. This article investigates regional economic development within a small city context through a survey‐based study of the entrepreneurial ecosystems operating in two small cities in the province of Manitoba. The results indicate that many currently accepted bases of regional business community expansion, such as government support and development of local suppliers, have limited utility within these cities. Concurrently, business leader survey responses from the two cities reveal a unique set of factors that drive economic development success in this nonmetropolitan case study, keyed by the pivotal role of a unique mix of nonlocal linkages, local cultural resources, and social connections in catalyzing local business expansion. These findings indicate that business community growth in the study cities proceeds from a distinctive template relative to larger centers, and suggest that increased research attention is necessary to elucidate the bases of business success in a more diverse selection of successful small cities.
Extensive disease among potential candidates for hemi‐ablative focal therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Takeda Toshikazu , Tin Amy L , Corradi Renato B , Alvim Ricardo , Hashimoto Takeshi , Ito Yujiro , Nguyen Daniel P , Mamoor Maha , Robertson Nicola L , Vargas Hebert A , Benfante Nicole E , Sjoberg Daniel D , Eastham James A , Scardino Peter T , Fine Samson W , Oya Mototsugu , Touijer Karim A 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine a set of proposed eligibility factors for hemi‐ablative focal therapy in prostate cancer and to determine the likelihood of residual extensive disease.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 98 patients with unilateral prostate cancer on biopsy with detailed tumor maps from whole‐mount slides and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data. These patients met the focal therapy consensus meeting inclusion criteria (prostate‐specific antigen <15 ng/mL, clinical stage T1c‐T2a and Gleason score 3 + 3 or 3 + 4 on needle biopsy), and underwent radical prostatectomy between 2000 and 2014. Extensive disease was defined as having Gleason pattern 4/5 in bilateral lobes, any extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion or lymph node invasion. Both lobes of the prostate were scored on magnetic resonance imaging. Preoperative characteristics including biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging data were used to predict extensive disease.ResultsAmong our cohort of 98 patients, 40% (95% CI 30–50%) had extensive disease. A total of 33% (95% CI 24–43%) had Gleason pattern 4/5 in both lobes with a median Gleason pattern 4/5 tumor volume in the biopsy negative lobe of 0.06 cm3, 17 patients had pathological tumor stage ≥3 and one patient had lymph node invasion.ConclusionsAn important number of patients meeting the focal therapy consensus meeting inclusion criteria can present extensive disease. Further studies using targeted biopsies might provide more accurate information about the selection of focal therapy candidates.
2004 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without bronchiectasis in Aboriginal Australians: a comparative study
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S. , Wasgewatta Sanjiwika L. , McNamara Kelly , Mingi Joy J. , Mehra Sumit , Eisemberg Carla C. , Maguire Graeme 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic respiratory disorders are highly prevalent in Aboriginal Australian population, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. However, there is paucity of information in the literature among Aboriginal patients with underlying COPD with and without bronchiectasis.AimsIn this retrospective study we evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics of adult Aboriginal Australian patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD with and without bronchiectasis from the remote communities of the Northern Territory of Australia.MethodsClinical records were reviewed to extract information on demographics, respiratory and medical comorbid conditions, COPD directed treatment, hospital admission frequency and exacerbations. Chest radiology were reviewed to evaluate the presence or absence of bronchiectasis. Spirometry results, sputum culture and cardiac investigations were also recorded.ResultsOf the 767 patients assessed in the remote community respiratory outreach clinics 380 (49%) patients had a clinical diagnosis of COPD. Chest X‐ray and computed tomography scan were available to evaluate the presence of bronchiectasis in 258 patients. Of the 258/380 patients, 176/258 (68.2%) were diagnosed to have COPD alone and 82/258 (31.8%) had bronchiectasis along with COPD. The mean age was 56 and 59 years among patients with and without bronchiectasis, respectively, and 57% were males with bronchiectasis. Patients with bronchiectasis had lower body mass index (22 vs 24 kg/m2), frequent hospital admissions (2.0 vs 1.5/year) and productive cough (32.1% vs 28.9%). Spirometry showed 77% had forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7. In 81% and 75% of patients with and without bronchiectasis the FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio was <0.7 and the mean FEV1 was 39% and 43% respectively.ConclusionsAbout 32% of Aboriginal Australians had co‐existent bronchiectasis with COPD. Lower body mass index, productive cough, frequent hospital admission and marginally more severe reduction in lung function were noted among patients with COPD and bronchiectasis compared to those with COPD in isolation.
Cairns Mental Health Co‐Responder Project: Essential elements and challenges to programme implementation
Authors: Robertson Jan , Fitts Michelle S. , Petrucci Joe , McKay Donni , Hubble Gary , Clough Alan R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn Australia and internationally, co‐responder models are becoming an increasingly common intervention to respond to police callouts where there is an assumed mental health‐related component or crisis. This type of model involves a collaborative approach where trained police officers team with mental health clinicians to provide specialized responses in order to improve outcomes for persons with mental illness. However, there is limited understanding as to major elements required for implementation of the model. This study aims to identify the essential elements and challenges in implementation of the Mental Health Co‐Responder Project in Cairns, Australia, where the team consists of a mental health nurse with demonstrated competencies in crisis intervention and a specially trained police officer. In 2016, 39 participants completed semi‐structured interviews regarding knowledge and experience of the Cairns co‐responder model. The participants represented first responders and community‐based service providers who work with and support persons living with mental illness. Using a thematic analysis approach, key elements identified as essential to successful project implementation were as follows:

co‐responder team characteristics,
senior and project executive level support,
collaborative project governance, and
co‐location of the team within a mental health setting.
The main perceived challenges to project implementation included the following: initial concerns regarding client confidentiality, lack of an evaluation plan, and adequate project resourcing. Governance through a vigorous joint agency operation committee and adequate resourcing is imperative to the sustainability of this model.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and immunosurveillance – the impact of immunosuppression on frequency of cSCC
Authors: Plasmeijer E.I. , Sachse M.M. , Gebhardt C. , Geusau A. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at extreme risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) post‐transplantation due to the immunosuppressive medication needed to retain the transplanted organ. The early classical immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine and cyclosporine, have largely been replaced by modern immunosuppressants, namely mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus, as well as sirolimus and everolimus. Although still very high, the risk of cSCC in OTR seems to be decreasing which suggests that cSCC risk may be lower in OTR treated with these modern immunosuppressive drugs and that cSCC preventive measures may be effective. OTR should be closely monitored so that cSCC can be treated at an early stage. (Chemo)prevention of cSCC as well as changing immunosuppression to more favourable regimens will be important in future to reduce skin cancer incidence.
Intensity of infection with intracellular Eimeria spp. and pinworms is reduced in hybrid mice compared to parental subspecies
Authors: Balard Alice , Jarquín‐Díaz Víctor Hugo , Jost Jenny , Martincová Iva , Ďureje Ľudovít , Piálek Jaroslav , Macholán Miloš , Goüy de Bellocq Joëlle , Baird Stuart J. E. , Heitlinger Emanuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenetic diversity in animal immune systems is usually beneficial. In hybrid recombinants, this is less clear, as the immune system could also be impacted by genetic conflicts. In the European house mouse hybrid zone, the long‐standing impression that hybrid mice are more highly parasitized and less fit than parentals persists despite the findings of recent studies. Working across a novel transect, we assessed infections by intracellular protozoans, Eimeria spp., and infections by extracellular macroparasites, pinworms. For Eimeria, we found lower intensities in hybrid hosts than in parental mice but no evidence of lowered probability of infection or increased mortality in the centre of the hybrid zone. This means ecological factors are very unlikely to be responsible for the reduced load of infected hybrids. Focusing on parasite intensity (load in infected hosts), we also corroborated reduced pinworm loads reported for hybrid mice in previous studies. We conclude that intensity of diverse parasites, including the previously unstudied Eimeria, is reduced in hybrid mice compared to parental subspecies. We suggest caution in extrapolating this to differences in hybrid host fitness in the absence of, for example, evidence for a link between parasitemia and health.
Research Foundations of Greenbook Interventions to Address the Co‐Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Adult Domestic Violence
Authors: Holmes Megan R. , Bender Anna E. , Crampton David S. , Voith Laura A. , Prince Dana M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwenty years ago the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, which became known as the Greenbook because of its green cover. This article presents the social science research leading up to the Greenbook and the 20 years beyond the publication of this seminal document, including examination of the effect of co‐occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to domestic violence on child outcomes, the interventions for families to improve the safety of both child and adult victims, and future directions for research.
Advocacy Perspectives on the Greenbook: Interviews with Domestic Violence Advocates from Three Federally Funded Greenbook Sites
Authors: Carter Lucy Salcido 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBetween 2000 and 2005, six sites engaged in local implementation of recommendations made in Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice (the Greenbook), published by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 1999. This three‐part article reflects recorded conversations in June and July of 2019 and captures the perspectives of five domestic violence advocates who participated in local Greenbook implementation (in El Paso County, CO; San Francisco County, CA; or Santa Clara County, CA) and their thoughts on the Greenbook work then, since then, and going forward.
Estimation of distributed flow resistance in vegetated rivers using airborne topo‐bathymetric LiDAR and its application to risk management tasks for Asahi River flooding
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Maeno Shiro , Ogawa Shuhei , Mano Koji , Nigo Shinya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis report describes a method of extracting vegetation conditions and topo‐bathymetric data of rivers using airborne LiDAR with near‐infrared and green pulsed lasers. Parameters related to flow resistance attributable to vegetation in rivers were found using point cloud data of LiDAR with support from supervised classification. Comparison of data obtained from simulations and observations was used to assess the applicability of the proposed method for examination of lower Asahi River flooding that occurred in Japan in September 2011. Results demonstrated that the methodology used herein can estimate flow resistance parameterisation of vegetation distributed on a reach scale. This study also used numerical tests to elucidate effects of established vegetation for flood control at the lower Asahi River bifurcation point using a historically important fixed weir. Results of these numerical tests demonstrated that the method can elucidate effective means of managing vegetation removal around the bifurcation point.