bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of diffusion and perfusion MRI in evaluating primary central nervous system lymphomas of different locations
Authors: Xing Zhen , Kang Nannan , Lin Yu , Zhou Xiaofang , Xiao Zebin , Cao Dairong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Diffusion and perfusion MRI can invasively define physical properties and angiogenic features of tumors, and guide the individual treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the diffusion and perfusion MRI parameters of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are related to the tumor locations.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the diffusion, perfusion, and conventional MRI of 68 patients with PCNSLs at different locations (group 1: cortical gray matter, group 2: white matter, group 3: deep gray matter). Relative maximum cerebral blood volume (rCBVmax) from perfusion MRI, minimum apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmin) from DWI of each group were calculated and compared by one-way ANOVA test. In addition, we compared the mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmean) in three different regions of control group.

Results
The rCBVmax of PCNSLs yielded the lowest value in the white matter group, and the highest value in the cortical gray matter group (P < 0.001). However, the ADCmin of each subgroup was not statistically different. The ADCmean of each subgroup in control group was not statistically different.

Conclusion
Our study confirms that rCBVmax of PCNSLs are related to the tumor location, and provide simple but effective information for guiding the clinical practice of PCNSLs.
The effect of early administration of rectal progesterone in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies on the preterm birth rate: a randomized trial
Authors: Aboulghar Mona Mohamed , El-Faissal Yahia , Kamel Ahmed , Mansour Ragaa , Serour Gamal , Aboulghar Mohamed , Islam Yomna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of multiple pregnancies in IVF/ICSI ranges from 20 to 30%. The incidence of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies is as high as 60% and is even higher in pregnancies conceived after IVF & ICSI. The effect of progesterone on prevention of preterm birth in twins is controversial. Our group has proven a positive effect in reduction of preterm birth, by starting progesterone from the mid-trimester, in exclusively IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies but not twins. The purpose of our current study was to explore the effect of earlier administration of natural progesterone, in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies starting at 11–14 weeks for prevention of preterm birth.MethodsThis is a double-blind, placebo controlled, single center, randomized clinical trial. Women with dichorionic twin gestations, having an IVF/ICSI trial were randomized to receive natural rectal progesterone (800 mg daily) vs placebo, starting early from 11 to 14 weeks. They also received oral and vaginal antimicrobial agents as part of our routine treatment for vaginitis and urinary tract infection. They were randomized regardless of cervical length and had no previous history of preterm birth or known Mullerian anomalies. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth rate before 37 weeks. The secondary outcome was; spontaneous preterm birth before 34, 32, 28 weeks and neonatal outcome.ResultsA total of 203 women were randomized to both groups, final analysis included 199 women as 4 were lost to follow up. The base line characteristics as well as gestational age at delivery were not significantly different between the study and the placebo group (34.7 ± 3.6 vs 34.5 ± 4.5,P = 0.626). Progesterone administration was not associated with a significant decrease in the spontaneous preterm birth rates before 37 weeks (73.5% vs 68%,P = 0.551), before 34 (20.6% vs 21.6%,P = 0.649), before 32 (8.8% vs 12.4%,P = 0.46) & before 28 (4.9% vs 3.1%,P = 0.555) weeks.ConclusionsRectal natural progesterone starting from the first trimester in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies did not reduce spontaneous preterm birth.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on 31 January 2014 at www.ISRCTN.com, number69810120.
The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 in screening for post-stroke depression
Authors: Dajpratham Piyapat , Pukrittayakamee Panate , Atsariyasing Wanlop , Wannarit Kamonporn , Boonhong Jariya , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression affects about 30% of stroke survivors within 5 years. Timely diagnosis and management of post-stroke depression facilitate motor recovery and improve independence. The original version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is recognized as a good screening tool for post-stroke depression. However, no validation studies have been undertaken for the use of the Thai PHQ-9 in screening for depression among Thai stroke patients.

Methods
The objectives were to determine the criterion validity and reliability of the Thai PHQ-9 in screening for post-stroke depression by comparing its results with those of a psychiatric interview as the gold standard. First-ever stroke patients aged ≥45 years with a stroke duration 2 weeks–2 years were administered the Thai PHQ-9. The gold standard was a psychiatric interview leading to a DSM-5 diagnosis of depressive disorder and adjustment disorder with a depressed mood. The summed-scored-based diagnosis of depression with the PHQ-9 was obtained. Validity and reliability analyses, and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, were performed.

Results
In all, 115 stroke patients with a mean age of 64 years (SD: 10 years) were enrolled. The mean PHQ-9 score was 5.2 (SD: 4.8). Using the DSM-5 criteria, 11 patients (9.6%) were diagnosed with depressive disorder, 12 patients (10.5%) were diagnosed with adjustment disorder with a depressed mood. Both disorders were combined as a group of post-stroke depression. The Thai PHQ-9 had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.78). The algorithm-based diagnosis of the Thai PHQ-9 had low sensitivity (0.52) but very high specificity (0.94) and positive likelihood ratio (9.6). Used as a summed-scored-based diagnosis, an optimal cut-off score of six revealed a sensitivity of 0.87, specificity of 0.75, positive predictive value of 0.46, negative predictive value of 0.95, and positive likelihood ratio of 3.5. The area under the curve was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78–0.96).

Conclusions
The Thai PHQ-9 has acceptable psychometric properties for detecting a mixture of major depression and adjustment disorder in post-stroke patients, with a recommended cut-off score of ≥6 for a Thai population.
Defining adequate contact for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an African urban environment
Authors: Castellanos María Eugenia , Zalwango Sarah , Kakaire Robert , Ebell Mark H. , Dobbin Kevin K. , Sekandi Juliet , Kiwanuka Noah , Whalen Christopher C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The risk of infection from respiratory pathogens increases according to the contact rate between the infectious case and susceptible contact, but the definition of adequate contact for transmission is not standard. In this study we aimed to identify factors that can explain the level of contact between tuberculosis cases and their social networks in an African urban environment.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kampala, Uganda from 2013 to 2017. We carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in social network data from tuberculosis cases and their contacts. We evaluated the factorability of the data to EFA using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO). We used principal axis factoring with oblique rotation to extract and rotate the factors, then we calculated factor scores for each using the weighted sum scores method. We assessed construct validity of the factors by associating the factors with other variables related to social mixing.

Results
Tuberculosis cases (N = 120) listed their encounters with 1154 members of their social networks. Two factors were identified, the first named “Setting” captured 61% of the variance whereas the second, named ‘Relationship’ captured 21%. Median scores for the setting and relationship factors were 10.2 (IQR 7.0, 13.6) and 7.7 (IQR 6.4, 10.1) respectively. Setting and Relationship scores varied according to the age, gender, and nature of the relationship among tuberculosis cases and their contacts. Family members had a higher median setting score (13.8, IQR 11.6, 15.7) than non-family members (7.2, IQR 6.2, 9.4). The median relationship score in family members (9.9, IQR 7.6, 11.5) was also higher than in non-family members (6.9, IQR 5.6, 8.1). For both factors, household contacts had higher scores than extra-household contacts (p < .0001). Contacts of male cases had a lower setting score as opposed to contacts of female cases. In contrast, contacts of male and female cases had similar relationship scores.

Conclusions
In this large cross-sectional study from an urban African setting, we identified two factors that can assess adequate contact between tuberculosis cases and their social network members. These findings also confirm the complexity and heterogeneity of social mixing.
Ethnic variation in prevalence, self-reported barriers and outcome of cataract surgery in a rural population in southwestern China: the Yunnan minority eye study
Authors: Shen Wei , Cun Qing , Zhong Hua , Pan Chen-Wei , Li Jun , Chen Qin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
As a part of the Yunnan Minority Eye Studies, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, barriers and visual acuity outcomes of cataract surgery in a multiethnic adult population in rural areas of southwestern China.

Methods
A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants of Bai, Yi, and Han ethnicity aged ≥50 years in Yunnan. A detailed eye examination was performed. Information on the date, setting, type, and complications of cataract surgery were recorded in the examination of cataract-operated eyes.

Results
Of 6546 subjects (2133 Bai ethnicity, 2208 Yi ethnicity and 2205 Han ethnicity), the prevalence of cataract surgery was 6.0%, with 4.6% in Bai, 7.0% in Yi, and 6.4% in Han ethnicity. Cataract Surgical coverage (CSC) among those with presenting visual acuity (PVA) < 20/200 in both eyes because of cataract was 53.3%, with 52.8% in Bai, 64.4% in Yi, and 45.3% in Han ethnicity. CSC was associated with Yi ethnicity, younger age, and higher education level, while unoperated cataract was associated with Han ethnicity, older age, and illiterate. The main barrier to cataract surgery was lack of awareness and knowledge, cost, and fear. Among the 525 cataract-operated eyes, PVA and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/63 or better was 44.5 and 67.2%, respectively, with 48.1 and 65.9% in Bai, 47.8 and 75.4% in Yi, 39.1 and 59.9% in Han ethnicity. Han ethnicity, aphakia, earlier year of surgery, lower-level surgical hospital and illiterate were associated with postoperative visual impairment defined by PVA, while Han ethnicity, aphakia, and illiterate were associated with that defined by BCVA. The principal causes of postoperative visual impairment were retinal disorders (26.8%), posterior capsule opacification (25.1%), refractive error(22.7%), and glaucoma (9.3%).

Conclusions
Han ethnicity had a lower CSC and relatively poor visual outcomes compared with ethnic minorities. Further effective effort to remove barriers and provide sight restoration is warranted.
The physical activity and nutrition-related corporate social responsibility initiatives of food and beverage companies in Canada and implications for public health
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pauzé Elise , Guo Kevin , Kent Arianne , Jean-Louis Royce 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
As diet-related diseases have increased over the past decades, large food companies have come under scrutiny for contributing to this public health crisis. In response, the food industry has implemented Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity to emphasize their concern for consumers. This study sought to describe the nature and targeted demographic of physical activity and nutrition-related CSR initiatives of large food companies in Canada and to compare companies who participate in the Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI), a self-regulatory initiative aimed at reducing unhealthy food advertising to children, with non-participating companies.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. Thirty-nine large food companies, including 18 participating in the CAI, were included in the study. The webpages, Facebook pages and corporate reports of these companies were surveyed to identify CSR initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity. Initiatives were then classified by type (as either philanthropic, education-oriented, research-oriented or other) and by targeted demographic (i.e. targeted at children under 18 years or the general population). Differences between CAI and non-CAI companies were tested using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
Overall, 63 CSR initiatives were identified; 39 were nutrition-related while 24 were physical activity-related. Most (70%) initiatives were considered philanthropic activities, followed by education-oriented (20%), research-oriented (8%) and other (2%). Almost half (47%; n = 29) of initiatives targeted children. Examples of child-targeted initiatives included support of school milk programs (n = 2), the sponsorship of children’s sports programs (n = 2) and the development of educational resources for teachers (n = 1). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of CSR initiatives per company (CAI: Mdn = 1, IQR = 3; non-CAI: Mdn = 0, IQR = 2; p = .183) or the proportion of child-targeted initiatives (CAI: 42%; non-CAI: 54%; p = .343) between CAI and non-CAI companies.

Conclusion
Food companies, including many that largely sell and market unhealthy products, are heavily involved in physical activity and nutrition-related initiatives in Canada, many of which are targeted to children. Government policies aimed at protecting children from unhealthy food marketing should consider including CSR initiatives that expose children to food company branding.
Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: a protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail)
Authors: Gray Nicola S. , Davies Helen , Snowden Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders are the leading cause of workplace absences. While the reasons for this are multifarious, there is little doubt that stigma related to common mental disorder plays a large role in sickness absence and in poor help-seeking. Frequently both managers and staff are unsure of how to approach and intervene with mental health related problems. We have therefore devised a mental health intervention programme (Prevail) that aims to reduce stigma and to educate staff about evidence-based low intensity psychological interventions. These can be used by the individual, as well as in collaboration with managers via co-production of problem-focussed solutions, with the aim of improving mental health, reducing sickness absence, and increasing workplace productivity.MethodsThis two-armed cluster randomised control trial (RCT) will evaluate the effectiveness of Prevail. Eighty managers at a large UK government institution (the DVLA) and their teams (approximately 960 employees) will be randomised into the active intervention group or control (employment as usual) arms of the study. All participants will be invited to complete a series of questionnaires related to mental health stigma, their current and past mental health, and their recent workplace productivity (absenteeism and presenteeism). All employees in the active arm will receive the Prevail Staff intervention, which covers stigma reduction and includes psychoeducation about evidence-based low intensity psychological interventions for common mental disorder. The managers in the active arm will also receive the Prevail Managers programme which covers communication skills, problem formulation, and problem-solving skills. The questionnaire battery will then be given to both groups again 4 weeks post training, and 12 months post-training. Official records of absenteeism from Human Resources will also be gathered from both active and control groups at 12 months post-training.DiscussionThe treatment trial aims to evaluate if Prevail reduces mental health related stigma (of a number of forms), increases help-seeking behaviours, and increases workplace productivity (via decreased absenteeism and presenteeism).Trial registrationISRCTN12040087. Retrospectively registered 04/05/2020.
Cooled radiofrequency ablation provides extended clinical utility in the management of knee osteoarthritis: 12-month results from a prospective, multi-center, randomized, cross-over trial comparing cooled radiofrequency ablation to a single hyaluronic acid injection
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Khalouf Fred , Zora Keith , DePalma Michael , Kohan Lynn , Guirguis Maged , Beall Douglas , Loudermilk Eric , Pingree Matthew J. , Badiola Ignacio , Lyman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Safe and effective non-surgical treatments are an important part of the knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment algorithm. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are two commonly used modalities to manage symptoms associated with knee OA.

Methods
A prospective 1:1 randomized study was conducted in 177 patients comparing CRFA to HA injection with follow-ups at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. HA subjects with unsatisfactory outcomes at 6-months were allowed to crossover and receive CRFA. Knee pain (numeric rating scale = NRS), WOMAC Index (pain, stiffness and physical function), overall quality of life (global perceived effect = GPE, EQ-5D-5 L), and adverse events were measured.

Results
At 12-months, 65.2% of subjects in the CRFA cohort reported ≥50% pain relief from baseline. Mean NRS pain score was 2.8 ± 2.4 at 12 months (baseline 6.9 ± 0.8). Subjects in the CRFA cohort saw a 46.2% improvement in total WOMAC score at the 12-month timepoint. 64.5% of subjects in the crossover cohort reported ≥50% pain relief from baseline, with a mean NRS pain score of 3.0 ± 2.4 at 12 months (baseline 7.0 ± 1.0). After receiving CRFA, subjects in the crossover cohort had a 27.5% improvement in total WOMAC score. All subjects receiving CRFA reported significant improvement in quality of life. There were no serious adverse events related to either procedure and overall adverse event profiles were similar.

Conclusion
A majority of subjects treated with CRFA demonstrated sustained knee pain relief for at least 12-months. Additionally, CRFA provided significant pain relief for HA subjects who crossed over 6 months after treatment.

Trial registration
This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03381248. Registered 27 December 2017
Threshold-based quantification of fatty degeneration in the supraspinatus muscle on MRI as an alternative method to Goutallier classification and single-voxel MR spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Dokwan , Hong Ki-Taek , Lee Wonhee , Khil Eun Kyung , Lee Guen Young , Choi Jung-Ah , Song Yongnam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional fat quantification methods for rotator cuff muscles have various limitations, such as inconsistent reliabilities of the Goutallier grades and need for advanced techniques in quantitative MRI sequences. We aimed to examine a threshold-based fat quantification method in the supraspinatus muscle on standard T1-weighted MR images and compare the threshold-based method with Goutallier grades and MR spectroscopy.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 38 symptomatic patients, who underwent T1 and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging and a single voxel spin-echo MR spectroscopy. The supraspinatus muscle and fossa were manually segmented in T1-weighted sagittal images and clustering-based thresholding was applied to quantify the fat fractions in the segmented areas using custom MATLAB software. Threshold-based fat fractions were compared with the Goutallier grades and MR spectroscopy fat/water ratios. A one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were tested in the MATLAB software.ResultsInter-observer reliability of threshold-based fat fractions for the supraspinatus muscle and fossa were 0.977 and 0.990 respectively, whereas the reliability of the Goutallier grading was 0.798. Threshold-based fat fractions in the supraspinatus fossa were significantly different between various Goutallier grades (one-way ANOVA,p < 0.001). Threshold-based fat fractions in the supraspinatus muscle strongly correlated with the MR spectroscopy fat/water ratio (Pearson correlation R-square = 0.83).ConclusionsThreshold-based fat quantification on standard T1-weighted MR images was highly reliable and produced comparable results to conventional Goutallier grades and MR spectroscopy fat/water ratios and could serve as an alternative method for accurate fat quantification in rotator cuff muscles.
Clinical presentation and surgical treatment of distal fibular non-union with talus chondral lesions in a pediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Turati Marco , Leone Giulio , Zanchi Nicolò , Omeljaniuk Robert J. , Brahim Lilia , Zatti Giovanni , Courvoisier Aurélien , Bigoni Marco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In children, fracture non-union is uncommon yet, curiously, non-union of distal fibula fractures are rarely reported. Historically, the most common treatment of a lateral malleolus fracture after an ankle sprain is conservative, which usually leads to fracture union. However, even in clinically stable ankles, subsequent pain arising from fracture site could suggest non-union, thereby necessitating reexamination and possible secondary treatment.

Case presentation
We report the case of an 8-year-old girl with an epiphyseal distal fibula fracture complicated with a symptomatic non-union associated with the chondral flap of the talar dome after conservative treatment. Surgical excision of the fragment and chondroplasty was performed and resulted in an excellent clinical outcome.

Conclusion
This case report illustrates the necessity of particularly meticulous evaluation of pediatric post-traumatic ankle pain. Surgical treatment as well as talar chondral evaluation should be taken into consideration in the treatment of pediatric distal fibular nonunion.