bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Food Nation
Authors: Hussain Maria 
Published: October 2020

Combining in-depth historical and socio-political analyses of the American food industry with an easy-flowing language style, Fast Food Nation is nearly impossible to put down. Mind-boggling in scope, yet as intimate as one's own kitchen, this book allows the reader to grasp the true horror of the global food situation. Schlosser provokes both laughter and tears, ultimately inspiring the reader to engage in the "higher jihad" of controlling one's appetite with the understanding of how personal consumer choices have political consequences.
Section One, "The American Way," takes us through four chapters. The first, entitled "The Founding Fathers," talks about how the mass production of the automobile transformed post-WWII American society and its land scape, and introduces us to the hard-working businessmen who gave fast food a permanent place in the car culture, replacing the lovely countryside with a nearly identical, ugly sprawl of fast food restaurants, subdivisions, and strip malls in every town.
Chapter 2, "Your Trusted Friends," explains the appeal of the fast food industry to children and adults longing for their past childhood through the use of toys and mascots such as Ronald McDonald and Taco Bell's talk­ing dog. Gearing advertisements to the psychology of children has become a big business. Al I the major toy crazes such as Beanie Babies and Pokemon have been promoted by fast food chains. Cross-promotions extend to cartoons, movies, amusement parks, and now schools. Due to funding shortages, many schools have started promoting brand names of fast food and soda companies, whose ads now cover school hallways, buses, and even rooftops, while the products are sold to children during school hours ...
"Believing Women" in Islam
Authors: Geissinger Aisha 
Published: October 2020

Does the Qur'an permit the oppression of women? Can women pursue equality and remain within the framework of its teachings? In this original and thought-provoking work, Barias attempts to address these controversial questions.
In the preface, Barias asks whether the Qur'an is a patriarchal text, and acknowledges that while this question might not be meaningful from the perspective of the Qur'anic text itself, Muslim women today are confronted with frankly patriarchal exegeses. In order to open up a discursive space for her reading, Barias asserts that various readings of the Qur'an should not be confused with the text itself, and that since Islam has no clergy, women can reclaim the right to interpret the Qur'an. Contrary to both conservative and progressive Muslims, she argues that the Qur'an challenges inequality and oppression ...
Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims
Authors: Stewart Devin 
Published: October 2020

Comparing Roman Catholicism and Twelver Shi'i Islam suggests itself for several reasons: the parallel passions of Jesus Christ and Prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn; the suffering of and devotion of their mothers, Mary and Fatimah; and perhaps most prominently in recent years, the powerful hierarchies of authority within each faith, headed by the Pope on the Catholic side and by several leading jurists (mljjtahidun) who bear the title of legal authority for laymen ( marji>al-taqlid) on the Shi'i side. In fact, the papacy is frequently mentioned in contemporary debates about the marji> al-taqlid's position within Twelver Shi'ism, often with a hint of envy. Some Shi'i thinkers aspire to the unity, efficiency, doctrinal uniformity, and political clout that a single, universally recognized legal authority for the Twelvers might provide. Bill and Williams' new publication is, however, the only work of which I am aware that undertakes this comparison in a sustained and rigor­ous manner.
After two introductory chapters that provide the basic historical back­ground of the two faiths and the I ives of the Twelve Imams, the authors begin the comparison proper. Chapter 3, "Sacred Actors and Intercessors," compares the figures of Jesus and Husayn, Mary and Fatimah, and the lmamzadas (descendants of the Imams) and Catholic saints. Chapter 4, "Redemptive Suffering and Martyrdom," treats redemptive suffering and the importance attached to the concept of martyrdom in both faiths, stress­ing the rituals or passion plays through which believers participate in the tragedy of the deaths of Jesus Christ and Husayn ...
The Thirty-First Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists
Authors: Sein Layla 
Published: October 2020

The Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) held its thirty first annual conference in Washington, DC, from October 25-27, 2002, with the collaboration of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIID. The conference was cosponsored by the School of International Service, American University, and supported by the university's Ibn Khaldun Chair ofislamic Studies, Dr. Akbar Ahmed.
In his welcoming remarks, Dr. Louis Goodman, Dean of the School of International Service, American University, encouraged the use of academic forums to highlight social concerns of the larger world community. Introductory comments by AMSS President Dr. Louay Safi, stressed the need for scholars to examine the different agendas being introduced to address concepts dealing with the fears and concerns faced by the larger Muslim and non-Muslim communities in a post-9/11 world.
The Conference Chair, Dr. Amira Sonbol, Georgetown University, OC, hoped that this con­ference would promote debate on how Islam has been studied to date, and encourage Muslims to revisit moments in history to understand their com­munity's position in world history. The conference theme, "The Muslim World after September 11: Agenda for Change," echoed in the presentations made by over 40 scholars in eight consecutive panels, one roundtable discussion, a plenary session, and a keynote address at the annual banquet. Students, academicians, activists, and intellectuals engaged in a lively debate with the panelists after their presentations. Media coverage was provided by the Washington Post and the Washington Times ...
Muslim Leadership and the Challenge of Reconciling the Religious with the Secular
Authors: Safi Louay 
Published: October 2020

The "return to religion" is a worldwide reality shared equally by the fol­lowers of different religions. Now that secularism, as a social ideology, has failed to provide a moral foundation for modern society, religion is reassert­ing its authority in all cultures. Intellectuals and religious leaders are increasingly rethinking the place of religion in modern society. Nowhere is the challenge of reconciling the religious and the secular more intense than in Muslim societies. Unlike western societies, Muslim cultures have experienced secularism not as a structure designed to prevent the imposition of one religious tradition on another, but as modern faith promoted by many political leaders eager to offer an alternative to religion. For many years, Muslim secularists looked at religion with contempt and tried to use their political authority and commanding social positions to undermine religion and religious sentiment. Most recently, however, secu­lar leaders have had to step back from their anti-religion posture in the face of the rising tide of religion in Muslim societies. Still, secularism and the secular state are widely associated with corruption, intolerance, and author­itarianism because of the archaic and bankrupt manners by which the self­proclaimed prophets of secularism in the Muslim world have exercised their power.
But while secularist excesses have led to its retreat before a newly founded religious spirit in the Muslim world, the new religiosity, in its effort to compensate for secularist extremism, is in danger of committing its own excesses. Finding a creative space between the stagnant tradition­alist outlook and the dogmatic and power-prone attitude of many Muslim ...
Herbal Medicine in Yemen
Authors: Morrow John Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Herbal Medicine in Yemen contains eleven studies on a wide range of virtually
unrelated subjects. In their introduction, the editors mention that “religious
and magical rituals are employed side by side with material medica”
(p. 1) in Yemen. This should serve as warning for what is to come and send
practitioners of phytotherapy into flight. They assert that Yemenites employ
an enormous variety of plant-based medicines and allege that “[t]this is different
in other Islamic countries, e.g. Morocco, where animal drugs are
widely used” (p. 1). As an herbalist who has lived for extended periods in
Morocco, who has also travelled widely therein and met many of its herbalists
and healers, their latter assertion is not accurate. In all of the stalls and stores
I visited in markets in cities nationwide, the only animal drugs I ever saw
were small quantities of dried lizards and other such creatures; I found more
animal drugs in the shops of sorcerers and witches who dabbled in the dark
arts ...
Apostasy in Islam
Authors: Sabet Amr G.E. 
Published: October 2020

This lucid and concise book is an important and timely contribution in light
of current intra-Muslim political rivalries that find their fueling justifications
in the domain of “excommunication” and mutual accusations of disbelief
and apostasy (takfīr). This situation has caused Alalwani, the author of this
“treatise,” to delve into the controversies and subtleties of this sensitive and
manipulation-laden issue. He attempts, both scripturally and logically, to clarify
its various aspects and challenge the conventional and traditional approaches
to it, which have been obscured by the historical weight of dogma
and power politics (pp. 19-20, 129).
Alalwani’s contends that there is no explicitly stated evidence, whether
from the Qur’an or the Prophet’s Sunnah, that mandates the death penalty for
merely changing one’s religion, as long as doing so is not accompanied or associated
with another criminal act. He highlights that when stipulating that an
apostate should be killed, the jurists were in fact dealing with “compound”
crimes that involved, in addition to apostasy, other political, legal, and social
dimensions (p. 1). He proceeds to make his point by providing evidence from
the Qur’an and the Sunnah while casting doubt on the authenticity or consistency
of much of what the fuqahā’ (jurists and scholars) narrated later on and
attributed to the Prophet or his Companions. His chosen method combines
philosophical, analytical, inductive, and historical approaches along with Islamic
textual sciences and fields of knowledge (p. 3). He focuses on cases in
which an individual changes his/her faith without engaging in hostile or criminal
activities against the Muslim community, which otherwise would elevate
the case to one of security threat or treason (p. 4).
The study comprises six chapters. The first two deal with whether apostasy
is a capital crime and with the Qur’anic depiction of what apostasy means.
Alalwani points out that despite unleashing the “sword of consensus” regarding
the death penalty for this event, in fact there is no such consensus, for no ...
Why Islam (Properly Understood) Is the Solution
Authors: Hashemi Nader 
Published: October 2020

This paper is a provocative play on the famous Muslim Brotherhood
slogan al-Islām hūwa al-ḥāl (Islam is the solution). While
critics of the Muslim Brothers rightly criticized them for the simplicity
of their worldview in thinking that religion was a panacea
for all of the problems confronting Muslim societies during the
late twentieth century, an argument can be made that religion does
profoundly matter in the context of the struggle for democracy in
the Arab-Islamic world. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, democratic
transitions in North Africa and the Middle East will be dependent
on democratically negotiating the question of religion’s
role in politics. Here I provide some reflections on this topic with
a focus on Tunisia’s transition to democracy.
Beyond the “Conflict” Paradigm
Authors: Douai Aziz 
Published: October 2020

Western-Muslim relations have experienced long periods of peaceful coexistence,fruitful co-operation, and close interactions that have enriched both civilizations.And yet an alien observer of our mainstream media could be forgivenfor concluding that “Islam” and the “West” can never co-exist in peace becausethey seem to have nothing in common. In fact, the intermittent violence interruptingthese long peaceful interactions – from the Crusades to the “War onTerror” – has constituted the core of most mainstream media coverage and“scholarship” purporting to “study” and “explain” these relations.In a zero-sum power game, these dominant frameworks emphasize thatsuch a “clash” is inevitable. Samuel Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations”theory has become the best known articulation and deployment of “conflict”as an “explanatory” framework for understanding current and past Muslim-West interactions. Simply put, existential, cultural, and religious chasmshave put the Muslim world on a collision course with the western world, aproblem that is most exacerbated by the presence of “Islam” and Muslimcommunities in western societies (Huntington, 1993).1 His thesis appearsto ignore each civilization’s internal diversity and pluralism and to be willfullyoblivious to the inter- and intra-civilizational interactions and centuriesoldco-existence, as Edward Said argued in his rebuttal: “Clash of Ignorance”(2001).
Beyond the broadest generalizations, after all, what do “Islam” and the“West” mean? How long can we afford to “ignore” the “porousness” and “ambiguity”of their geographical and cultural borders? Is “conflict” between thesetwo realms inevitable? How about the centuries-old dialogue between thesecivilizations, the “Self” and the “Other”? How can researchers and intellectualsdeploy their inter-disciplinary insights and scholarship to address both thereal and the perceived civilizational “chasms”?These questions constitute the overarching themes of some very importantscholarship published in three recent books: Engaging the Other: Public Policyand Western-Muslim Intersections, edited by Karim H. Karim and MahmoudEid; Re-Imagining the Other: Culture, Media, and Western-Muslim Intersections,edited by Mahmoud Eid and Karim H. Karim; and the Routledge Handbookof Islam in the West, edited by Roberto Tottoli. With rich methodologicalapproaches, broad theoretical lenses, and diverse topics, these three books offera unique platform to build both a holistic and nuanced understanding of thecontingencies and intricacies surrounding “Islam” and the “West.” ...
Contemplation and Craft in Turkish Material Arts
Authors: Gaber Tammy 
Published: October 2020

Books Reviewed: Mehmet Zeki Kuşoğlu, The Ottoman Touch: TraditionalDecorative Arts and Crafts (Istanbul: Blue Dome Press, 2015); Mehmet ZekiKuşoğlu, Silver in Turkish Art (Istanbul: Blue Dome Press, 2015); Sema Onat,Islamic Art of Illumination: Classical Tazhib from Ottoman to ContemporaryTimes (Istanbul: Blue Dome Press, 2015); Laurelie Rae, Islamic Art and Architecture:Memories of Seljuk and Ottoman Masterpieces (Istanbul: BlueDome Press, 2015).
The unusual aspect connecting these four books is not the fact that they sharethe same publisher or even the same general scope of Turkish arts, but thatthey have been authored by practicing artists who have featured some of theiroriginal works between their covers.Blue Dome Press, a relatively new publisher, has offices in the majorwestern cities; however, all of the printing done in Istanbul. In addition, themajority of its publications, which range from Turkish cooking to fiction, fromcurrent affairs to various arts, focus on some aspect of Turkish culture. Bysupporting the publication of these texts, one gets the sense that various sectorsof Turkish society continue to value the traditional and important historicalcontributions that the featured and other contemporary artists continue to maketo the national culture.The three artists featured in this review (one is the author of two books)come from different backgrounds that have enabled them to practice their arttoday. Mehmet Zeki Kuşoğlu author of The Ottoman Touch: Traditional DecorativeArts and Crafts and Silver in Turkish Art, has practiced the crafts ofsilverwork and other art forms based on traditional methods for over fortyyears. During his career, he has apprenticed with craftsmen – he identifiesthem by name – and completed two art degrees in Turkey. His efforts to understand,reconcile, and ultimately interpret the country’s historical craft methodsthrough his own creations lends a tremendous insight into the meaningsand processes of crafts, one that brings them palpably alive. Sema Onat, author ...
Brand Islam
Authors: Arjana Sophia R. 
Published: October 2020

Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety examines thegrowing business of Muslim merchandise, ranging from food products consideredḥalāl (permissible) to children’s dolls that represent devout Muslimbehavior through sartorial choices such as modest clothing and the wearingof the veil. Faegheh Shirazi illustrates how a growing Muslim marketoften intersects, in both problematic and intriguing ways, with capitalism.Using an extensive survey of case studies, illustrations, and diverse Muslimcommunities (Iran and Indonesia are often cited), the book provides a usefulexploration of the question of Muslim consumption and contributes tolarger discussions surrounding material religion.
In chapter 1, Shirazi begins her investigation into these topics by discussingthe problem of Islamophobia and how it may influence Muslimsto seek out markers of religious identity, thus influencing the market. Herdefinitions of xenophobia, Islamophobia, and Islamoparanoia are useful,although I felt myself wanting a richer discussion of how these trends intersectwith white supremacy, colonial politics, and misogyny. Symbols—especially the veil and the mosque—can be used, as other scholars haveshown, to generate anxiety in non-Muslim populations. Although Shiraziis less interested in how these symbols are used to shore up white, male,Christian, or secular authority, she employs them to show the ways inwhich Islamophobia and radical, literalist Islamic rhetoric feed off eachother. The manipulation of this rhetoric is even used when non-Muslimsmake concessions in an effort to improve relations with Muslims, such asQueen Elizabeth’s 2010 visit to the UAE, when she covered her hair. AsShirazi points out, “Sheikh Yasser Burhani, one of Egypt’s leading Islamicscholars, jumped on the queen’s gesture as justification for furthering an oppressive,fundamentalist Salafi Islamic position” (p. 32). The ways in whichthe body—in this case a white, regal body—is used in debates surroundingIslam and modernity is at the crux of this book ...
Muslim Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Lawrence Bruce B. 
Published: October 2020

Does cosmopolitanism exist in the Muslim world? Does it reflect a distinctambience in Muslim societies that links to other expressions of cosmopolitanismbeyond Islam?
This deftly-crafted book amounts to a manifesto that answers bothquestions with a resounding: YES! Yes, there is a cosmopolitan trajectorywith Muslim overtones and undertones, and yes, it can be found in placesand persons identified with Islam, especially but not solely in SoutheastAsia. There it becomes part of what the author labels, following AzyumardiAzra, Islam Nusantara (86-91).The author begins by reviewing several previous efforts to locate, thendescribe, and interpret or explain what is cosmopolitanism and who areMuslim cosmopolitans. He correctly notes that “as a concept, Muslim cosmopolitanismsuffers from being used too loosely and too indiscriminatelyto describe anything that Muslims say and do which points towards somedegree of inclusivity” (xix). He then looks to forms of everyday expression—“a style of thought, a habit of seeing the world, and a way of living”—all linked to Islam in its broadest formulation as maqāṣid al-sharīʿa, that is,the purposes of Islamic law defined in five mandates that apply to Muslimsbut also to all humankind: to preserve self, to preserve mind, to propagatevia marriage, to preserve society, including property, and also to preserveand defend belief in God ...
Driving Culture in Iran
Authors: Saeidi Shirin 
Published: October 2020

Driving Culture in Iran creatively explores the relationship between legalculture and citizenry formation in post-revolutionary Iran. Banakar focusseson driving customs and explanations for citizens’ disregard of trafficlaws, demonstrating that the exceptionally high rates of road accidents andlack of law abidance is due to the complex cultural and political climate. Themonograph argues that the state’s propaganda machine promotes revolutionaryzeal but in a context where people are penalized if they dissent (3).
Consequently, dissension becomes a tool for control, setting into motionmultiple forms of internal conflict which are reflected in the way Iraniansrelate to one another as well as in increasing rates of road traffic accidents(4). The originality of the study rests in its exploration of political life atthe juncture of law and culture. Through his analysis of the unintendedcultural outcomes of the legal structure in Iran, Banakar contributes to ourunderstanding of citizenship formation in hybrid and religiously chargedregimes. In particular, the book illustrates how citizens’ distrust of the statecan have deadly consequences on Iran’s roads. The monograph will be ofinterest to academics and other professionals working on the Middle East,Islam, and from a multitude of disciplinary perspectives ...
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverange Terhadap Praktik Income Smoothing pada Bank Syariah
Authors: Harianto Syawal , Amin Haris Al , Indah Yusmika 
Published: October 2020

This research is to know the effect of firm size, and financial leverage to Income Smoothing practices is Islamic Banks. The data used is the secondary data with sourced from annual report data published by Islamic commercial banks and syariah business unit during 2016-2018 periods, samples research are 54 (fifty four) bank. Data analysis method using eviews with the fixed effect model. The result of the research shows that the simultan firm size and financial leverage have significant effect on Income Smoothing in Islamic banks.the partially, firm size an financial leverage has a positive and significant effect on income smoothin practices in Islamic banks City. The determination test result is 55%. Keywords: Firm Size, Financial leverage, Income Smoothing.
Pengaruh Pengeluaran Zakat Perbankan, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Islamic Social Responsibility (ISR)Terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2016-2019
Authors: Eliana Eliana , Astuti Intan Novia , Nurbismi Nurbismi , Riza Akmal 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to see the effect of banking zakat expenditure, company size and Islamic Social Responsibility on profitability. The data of this research uses the financial report data Annual Report or the annual report of each Islamic Commercial Bank for the period 2016-2019. This study uses a quantitative research approach with data analysis methods using multiple linear regression models. Hypothesis testing is done by statistical tests, namely partial test (t-test) and simultaneous test (F-test) with a significance level of 5%. Simultaneous test results show that banking zakat expenditure, company size and ISR simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on profitability. Partially, the bank zakat expenditure variable has a positive and significant impact on profitability, while the company size variable and ISR have no effect on profitability at Islamic Commercial Banks. Keywords: Zakat Expenditures, Company Size, ISR, Profitability.