bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the Roots of Dementia Praecox: The Emergence of Verrücktheit as a Primary Delusional-Hallucinatory Psychosis in German Psychiatry From 1860 to 1880
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile the roots of mania and melancholia can be traced to the 18th century and earlier, we have no such long historical narrative for dementia praecox (DP). I, here, provide part of that history, beginning with Kraepelin’s chapter on Verrücktheit for his 1883 first edition textbook, which, over the ensuing 5 editions, evolved into Kraepelin’s mature concepts of paranoia and paranoid DP. That chapter had 5 references published from 1865 to 1879 when delusional-hallucinatory syndromes in Germany were largely understood as secondary syndromes arising from prior episodes of melancholia and mania in the course of a unitary psychosis. Each paper challenged that view supporting a primary Verrücktheit as a disorder that should exist alongside mania and melancholia. The later authors utilized faculty psychology, noting that primary Verrücktheit resulted from a fundamental disorder of thought or cognition. In particular, they argued that, while delusions in mania and melancholia were secondary, arising from primary mood changes, in Verrücktheit, delusions were primary with observed changes in mood resulting from, and not causing, the delusions. In addition to faculty psychology, these nosologic changes were based on the common-sense concept of understandability that permitted clinicians to distinguish individuals in which delusions emerged from mood changes and mood changes from delusions. The rise of primary Verrücktheit in German psychiatry in the 1860–1870s created a nosologic space for primary psychotic illness. From 1883 to 1899, Kraepelin moved into this space filling it with his mature diagnoses of paranoia and paranoid DP, our modern-day paranoid schizophrenia.
Assessing outcomes of genetic selection panels to predict marbling in crossbred beef cattle
Authors: Weber Tanya M , Buseman Brianna J , Nasados James A , Lancaster Jessica M , Van Buren Jessie B , Smart Jaxon H , Bass Phillip D , Murdoch Gordon K , Insausti Kizkitza , Colle Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic panel marbling indexes [Igenity (IT) and PredicGEN (PG)] to predict marbling and tenderness of crossbred cattle. Steers (n = 23) were harvested at the University of Idaho Meat Science Laboratory, and blood samples were submitted to Neogen and Zoetis for genetic panel analysis. Forty-eight hours postharvest, one boneless strip loin was collected from each carcass, and six 2.54-cm thick steaks were cut from each strip loin. Steaks were aged for 14 and 21 d and assigned to consumer sensory evaluation or Warner–Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) analysis. Results were analyzed using the Mixed Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Carcasses were grouped by marbling index score into Low IT (IT indexes 3–6; n = 16; marbling score (MS) = 410), High IT (IT indexes 7–10; n = 7; MS = 496), Low PG (PG index &lt;50; n = 9; MS = 398), or High PG (PG index ≥50; n = 14; MS = 458). Mean MS was observed to be greater in High IT steaks than Low IT (P &lt; 0.01) and greater in High PG steaks than Low PG (P = 0.01). There was a trend observed in WBSF between IT marbling groups (P = 0.06); however, no difference in WBSF was observed between PG marbling groups (P = 0.83). Consumers did not report differences between IT marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.99) or tenderness (P = 0.24). Additionally, consumers could not detect differences between PG marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.75) or tenderness (P = 0.40). Consumers consistently preferred Choice steaks over Select steaks in terms of acceptability (P = 0.02) and tenderness (P = 0.02). In conclusion, though consumers were not able to tell the difference between steaks from each of the genetic panels, using genetic panels to predict marbling, in conjunction with proper nutrition and handling practices, could be a beneficial tool to producers making decisions about retaining ownership at the feedlot.
Compassionate Care: Making It a Priority and the Science Behind It
Authors: Goldberg Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Compassion is the deep feeling that arises when confronted with another’s suffering coupled with a strong desire to alleviate that suffering. Until recently, evidence was lacking as to whether compassion was innate, acquired, or modifiable. Because patients who experience compassionate health care report better clinical outcomes, an understanding of the science behind it may give rise to methods of incorporating compassion into clinical care delivery.

Methods:
A high-level summary of the social and neuroscience research was constructed.

Results:
Functional neuroimaging of empathy and compassion demonstrates neural networks involving the insula, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices suggesting neurological hard wiring for these emotional and cognitive experiences. Neuroscience and social science research evidence supports the presence of cognitive and/or emotional empathy in all individuals studied; that empathy and compassion can be taught; and that both internal and external factors influence their expression.

Conclusions:
Burnout may result when clinicians know what their patients need (thereby activating the empathy/pain neural pathways) but are unable to deliver that care (therefore inactivation of the compassion/reward neural pathways). Understanding the neuroscience underlying empathy and compassion informs practical programs that mitigate burnout and creates a more compassionate workplace.
Building a Culture of Wellness When Systems Do Not Allow for Collaborative Care
Authors: Baden Harris P. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Health care is fragmented and frustrating to patients and physicians. The consequences include patient and physician dissatisfaction.

Methods:
The author’s perspective is informed by his research, innovation, and leadership to optimize the experience of care for physicians and patients.

Results:
Understanding and prioritizing the touchpoints between patients and physicians is essential to designing health care delivery that is compassionate to patients and is fulfilling and sustainable for physicians.

Conclusions:
Hospital administrative leaders and physicians must reject the culture of a dichotomy in purpose, and partner to create systems that make the right thing to do, the easy thing to do.

Levels of Evidence:
Level V—expert opinion.
Inadvertent Rupture of a Silicone Breast Implant during Fat Grafting: Surgical and Radiological Findings
Authors: Stewart Christopher N. , Heinrich Cherrie A. 
Published: June 2020

Summary:
Autologous fat grafting is a common, relatively safe procedure for breast augmentation and reconstruction. The most commonly reported complications tend to be fat necrosis and oil cysts. The incidence of rare events, such as breast implant rupture, is likely underreported. Here we present the case of a patient who underwent fat grafting and sustained implant rupture with injection of fat within the silicone implant. She complained of her implant changing shape and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed classic signs of implant rupture (linguini sign). At the time of surgery however, fat was surprisingly found to be within the implant itself. To our knowledge this finding has yet to be reported. Here we review the radiologic and surgical findings of implant rupture following fat grafting and present some suggestions to prevent this occurrence and ensure safe, aesthetically pleasing outcomes.
Involvement of Multiple Trigeminal Nerve Branches in IgG4-Related Orbital Disease
Authors: Elkhamary Sahar M. , Cruz Antonio Augusto V. , Zotin Maria C. , Cintra Murilo , Akaishi Patricia , Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , Alkatan Hind M. , Chahud Fernando 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To describe the occurrence of multiple trigeminal nerves (TGNs) enlargement in patients with orbital IgG4-related disease.

Methods:
Retrospective review of MRI findings and medical records of 6 patients (10 orbits) with orbital IgG4-related disease and enlargement of more than 1 TGN. Orbital biopsies were performed in all cases revealing the typical lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with significant plasma cell positivity for IgG4 (IgG4+/IgG ratio ≥ 40%). Three experienced neuroradiologists reviewed the MRI sequences using a digital imaging viewer system (Horos, https://horosproject.org/).

Results:
Bilateral involvement of at least 2 TGNs divisions was detected in all 6 patients. Enlargement of both V1 and V2 nerves was diagnosed in 5 patients, and in 3 cases, all TGN divisions were involved. V2 nerves were the most affected. In this division, all 12 infraorbital nerves were enlarged, followed by lesser palatines (10/83.3%), superior alveolar (10/83.3%), and zygomatic (6/50%). V1 and V3 nerves were less affected albeit 9 (75%) frontal branches (V1), and 50% of the inferior alveolar (V3) nerves were also enlarged.

Conclusions:
Widespread involvement of the TGN is an important feature of IgG4-related disease.
Tinnitus Affects Speech in Noise Comprehension in Individuals With Hearing Loss
Authors: Oosterloo Berthe C. , Homans Nienke C. , Goedegebure André 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Tinnitus is a prevalent auditory disorder that frequently co-occurs with hearing loss. It is suggested that tinnitus might have negative impact on speech perception. However, studies thus far have not been able to disentangle tinnitus, hearing loss, and speech in noise intelligibility. We therefore investigated whether there is an association between tinnitus and speech understanding in noise, independent of hearing loss.

Methods:
Of 4,211 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age 67.8 [SD 8.9], 57.3% female) data was available on tinnitus, pure-tone audiometry, and digits in noise test. We compared the speech reception threshold in noise (SRTn) in participants with and without tinnitus for the whole population as well as for subgroups stratified for average hearing threshold in 10-dB strata. Additionally, we regressed tinnitus on SRTn with a multivariable regression model, adjusting for sex, age, highest achieved education, and cognitive function.

Results:
Participants with tinnitus (20.8%) had a higher SRTn (−3.6 dB [SD 3.7] versus −4.6 dB [SD 3.1]). This difference remained only in the subgroups of participants with hearing loss, between 0.6 and 0.8 dB difference in the SRTn for the different subgroups. In the fully adjusted model tinnitus was associated with 0.2 dB (95% CI 0.00, 0.39) SRTn increase.

Conclusion:
We have shown that tinnitus is associated with speech intelligibility in noise, but it is a small effect, only found in people with co-occurring hearing loss.
Serial Clinical Scoring to Assess Transported Pediatric Patients
Authors: Holt Tanya , Parker Kayla , Shaw Adam , Hansen Gregory 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate serial Transport Risk Assessment in Pediatrics (TRAP) scoring during pediatric critical care transport as a potential measure for specialized pediatric transport teams (PTTs).

Methods
This was a retrospective study with a provincial PTT from a tertiary hospital pediatric intensive care unit. All acutely ill children who were transported by the PTT between 2018 and 2019 were included in the study. The TRAP scores were measured at time of transport team arrival (TRAP1), time at arrival to tertiary center (TRAP2), and 4 hours postarrival to tertiary center (TRAP3).

Results
A total of 300 transports were included. Patients' mean age was 54 months, with lower respiratory tract infection (40.7%) as the most common diagnosis. There were significant differences between TRAP1-TRAP2 (P < 0.01) and TRAP1-TRAP3 (P < 0.01), but not between TRAP2-TRAP3 (P = 0.67). The most significant improvements of ΔTRAP1-TRAP2 scores were seen in septic shock (mean, 2.0; SD, 1.7).

Conclusions
The TRAP scores improved following the PTTs' arrival to acutely ill children, particularly with sepsis. Serial TRAP scoring may present a system for evaluation of team performance and/or characterize disease states that are positively impacted by PTTs. Future prospective evaluation is needed to validate TRAP for this purpose.
Relationship Between Breast Ultrasound Background Echotexture and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Background Parenchymal Enhancement and the Effect of Hormonal Status Thereon
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Jung Hyun Kyung , Han Boo-Kyung , Lee Jin Hwa , Oh Kyung Seung , Lee Jung Sun , Lee Yedaun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We studied the relationship between breast ultrasound background echotexture (BET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and whether this relationship varied with hormonal status and amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) on MRI. Two hundred eighty-three Korean women (52.1 years; range = 27–79 years) with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer who underwent preoperative breast ultrasound and MRI were retrospectively studied. Background echotexture, BPE, and FGT were classified into 4 categories, and age, menopausal status, menstrual cycle regularity, and menstrual cycle stage at MRI were recorded. Background echotexture and BPE relationship was assessed overall, and in menopausal, FGT, menstrual cycle regularity, and menstrual cycle stage subgroups. Background echotexture and BPE correlated in women overall, and menopausal, FGT, and menstrual cycle subgroups and those in the first half of the cycle (all P < 0.001). Background echotexture reflects BPE, regardless of menopausal status, menstrual cycle regularity, and FGT and may be a biomarker of breast cancer risk.
Fibrin Glue and Its Alternatives in Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Chow Nathan , Miears Hunter , Cox Cameron , MacKay Brendan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past century, many advancements have been made in peripheral nerve repair, yet these reconstructions still remain a challenge. Although sutures have historically been used for neurorrhaphy, they sometimes fail to provide optimal outcomes. As a result, multiple adhesive compounds are currently being investigated for their efficacy in nerve repair. Recently, fibrin glue has shown utility in peripheral nerve repair, and the body of evidence supporting its use continues to grow. Fibrin glue has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve axonal regeneration, and provide excellent functional results. This alternative to traditional suture neurorrhaphy could potentially improve outcomes of peripheral nerve reconstruction.
Satisfaction From Plastic Surgery Residency
Authors: Kaufman Tal , Ad-El Dean 
Published: June 2020

Background
Plastic surgery residency programs in Israel have undergone several changes over the years, but the perspectives and satisfaction of the residents have not been investigated.

Methods
An anonymous national survey of plastic surgery residents in Israel was performed. Demographic, professional, and education variables were summarized using descriptive statistics, and findings were related to self-reported satisfaction levels using univariate analysis.

Results
The response rate was 75.9%. Response rates to surgery and education-related items were as follows: 60% performed 5 to 15 surgeries/month; 60.3% performed fewer than 5 surgeries/month as the primary surgeon; 57.3% and 77.8%, respectively, received surgical and academic instruction from fewer than half the attending physicians; 33.9% and 32.3%, respectively, had little or no in-hospital exposure to aesthetic surgeries. The average overall satisfaction rate was 3.33/5. Ten variables were significantly associated with increased satisfaction: total number of surgeries performed (P = 0.01); active participation in complex procedures (P = 0.0009); performing preoperative and postoperative management for one's patients (P = 0.016); marking one's patients preoperatively (P = 0.037); managing complications of one's patients (P = 0.0027); receipt of surgical instruction (P = 0.0035); receipt of academic medical instruction (P < 0.0001); sense that the training will provide the proper professional level (P < 0.0001) and independence (P = 0.0002); and subjective correspondence between demands and capabilities (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions
This study identifies several factors associated with plastic surgery resident satisfaction. It highlights factors that warrant changes by plastic surgery departments and faculty to improve resident training and increase their satisfaction. The questionnaire can also serve as a diagnostic and follow-up tool.
Chitinophaga tropicalis sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
Authors: Zhang Xian-Jiao , Feng Guang-Da , Yao Qing , Zhang Jun , Phuong Le Thi Bich , Zhu Honghui 
Published: June 2020

A novel bacterial strain, designated ysch24T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, gliding, filamentous or rod-shaped. The results of 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed that strain ysch24T belongs to the genus

Chitinophaga

, and was most closely related to

Chitinophaga silvisoli

GDMCC 1.1411T (97.4 %), followed by

Chitinophaga oryziterrae

JCM 16595T (97.3 %) and

Chitinophaga sancti

NBRC 15057T (96.9 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain ysch24T and closely related type strains were 72.0–74.0 % and 19.1–19.4 %, respectively. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1
ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.6 mol%. The study clearly showed that strain ysch24T should represent a novel species of the genus

Chitinophaga

, for which the name Chitinophaga tropicalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ysch24T (=GDMCC 1.1355T=KACC 21527T).
A recently formed triploidCardamine insuetainherits leaf vivipary and submergence tolerance traits of parents
Authors: Sun Jianqiang , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Hofhuis Hugo , Shimizu Kentaro , Hay Angela , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Sese Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContemporary speciation provides a unique opportunity to directly observe the traits and environmental responses of a new species.Cardamine insuetais an allotriploid species that appeared within the past 150 years in a Swiss village, Urnerboden. In contrast to its two progenitor species,C. amaraandC. rivularisthat live in wet and open habitats, respectively,C. insuetais found in-between their habitats with temporal water level fluctuation. This triploid species propagates clonally and serves as a triploid bridge to form higher ploidy species. Although niche separation is observed in field studies, the mechanisms underlying the environmental robustness ofC. insuetaare not clear. To characterize responses to a fluctuating environment, we performed a time-course analysis of homeolog gene expression inC. insuetain response to submergence treatment. For this purpose, the two parental (C. amaraandC. rivularis) genome sequences were assembled with a reference-guided approach, and homeolog-specific gene expression was quantified by using HomeoRoq software. We found thatC. insuetaandC. rivularisinitiated vegetative propagation by forming ectopic meristems on leaves, whileC. amaradid not. We examined homeolog-specific gene expression of three species at nine time points during the treatment. The genome-wide expression ratio of homeolog pairs was 2:1 over the time-course, consistent with the ploidy number. By searching the genes with high coefficient of variation of expression over time-course transcriptome data, we found many known key transcriptional factors related to meristem development and formation upregulated in bothC. rivularisandrivularis-homeolog ofC. insueta, but not inC. amara. Moreover, someamara-homeologs of these genes were also upregulated in the triploid, suggesting trans-regulation. In turn, Gene Ontology analysis suggested that the expression pattern of submergence tolerant genes in the triploid was inherited fromC. amara. These results suggest that the triploidC. insuetacombined advantageous patterns of parental transcriptomes to contribute to its establishment in a new niche along a water-usage gradient.
Information theoretic approaches to deciphering the neural code with functional fluorescence imaging
Authors: Climer Jason R. , Dombeck Daniel A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInformation theoretic metrics have proven useful in quantifying the relationship between behaviorally relevant parameters and neuronal activity with relatively few assumptions. However, these metrics are typically applied to action potential recordings and were not designed for the slow timescales and variable amplitudes typical of functional fluorescence recordings (e.g. calcium imaging). The lack of research guidelines on how to apply and interpret these metrics with fluorescence traces means the neuroscience community has yet to realize the power of information theoretic metrics. Here, we used computational methods to create mock action potential traces with known amounts of information. From these, we generated fluorescence traces and examined the ability of different information metrics to recover the known information values. We provide guidelines for how to use information metrics when applying them to functional fluorescence and demonstrate their appropriate application to GCaMP6f population recordings from mouse hippocampal neurons imaged during virtual navigation.
Genetic and species-level biodiversity patterns are linked by demography and ecological opportunity
Authors: Schmidt Chloé , Dray Stéphane , Garroway Colin J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe processes that give rise to species richness gradients are not well understood, but may be linked to resource-based limits on the number of species a region can support. Ecological limits placed on regional species richness would also limit population sizes, suggesting that these processes could also generate genetic diversity gradients. If true, we might better understand how broad-scale biodiversity patterns are formed by identifying the common causes of genetic diversity and species richness. We develop a hypothetical framework based on the consequences of regional variation in ecological limits to simultaneously explain spatial patterns of species richness and neutral genetic diversity. Repurposing raw genotypic data spanning 38 mammal species sampled across 801 sites in North America, we show that estimates of genome-wide genetic diversity and species richness share spatial structure. Notably, species richness hotspots tend to harbor lower levels of within-species genetic variation. A structural equation model encompassing eco-evolutionary processes related to resource availability, habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance explained 78% of variation in genetic diversity and 74% of the variation in species richness. These results suggest we can infer broad-scale patterns of species and genetic diversity using two simple environmental measures of resource availability and ecological opportunity.