bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base flow identification using conceptual hydrology model
Authors: Suryoputro N , Yulistyorini A , Idfi G , Alias N E B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Base flow was a vital component in controlling the flow of a river. Base flow came from the groundwater flow. Base flow was the river flow that occurred during the rainless period. Conceptual hydrology model was a model that displays the hydrology process in mathematical formulation and separating the production and routing functions. The tank model was one of the conceptual models. The tank model simulated the watershed by replacing some reservoirs with several tanks. This research aimed to identify the base flow using conceptual hydrology model. The study was conducted in the Bango sub-watershed.. The results exhibited that the tank model was dissatisfactory to simulate the surface flow compared to base flow. Surface flow model tended to be higher (overestimate) whereas the base flow tended to be lower (underestimate) compared to the observation data. The statistic test result displayed that the tank model could describe the base flow well.
Mode Shape Analysis of EV-Bus Chassis with Reverse Engineering Method
Authors: Nazaruddin N , Syehan A , Heryana G , Adhitya M , Sumarsono D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Universitas Indonesia has developed several electric vehicles, one of which is an electric bus. In order to fulfill the local content of this vehicle, reverse engineering of the R260 ladder frame type chassis is carried out. In this paper, to fulfill the local content, we used material of the ladder frame is type SS400 from PT. Krakatau Steel. After the model was created successfully with finite element software, a dynamic analysis was carried out by taking the 5 lowest frequencies from the simulation results. Loading is carried out evenly over the two main beam ladder frames totaling 14, 200 kg. The support placed in the mounting position of the front and rear wheel leaf springs. The distance of the front overhang is 2380 mm, the wheelbase is 6000 mm, and the rear overhang is 3290 mm. The resulting approach is carried out assuming a three-beam and two-overhang beam model. The five lowest frequencies are 11, 798 Hz, 21, 009 Hz, 23, 876 Hz, 30.84 Hz, and 36, 473 Hz, respectively.
Design and Performance Analysis of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motor Controller for Electric Scooter
Authors: Yuniarto M N , Rijanto Estiko , Mukhlisin Agus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Electric vehicle is an alternative to substitute internal combustion engine when fuel availability is difficult to obtain. Electric energy can be obtained from renewable energy and non-renewable energy. Electric vehicles like electric scooters consist of many parts. The parts used in an electric scooter have requirements such as reliability, safety, good performance, and high efficiency. Brushless direct current (BLDC) motor controller is one of the main components in the electric scooter. This paper presents a design and performance test of the BLDC motor controller. The controller uses PID current control with six step commutation in a trapezoidal control. The motor current ripple is eliminated by using a digital isolator. Tests were carried out using an Eddy Current Dynamometer. The results show that the current ripple is sucessfuly reduced which makes the controller suitable for electric scooter applications.
Design and Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor Cooling System for Low-Cost Manufacturing Process
Authors: Uta Nugraha Yoga , Cahyadi Arief , Raharjo Juniono , Nur Yuniarto M , Wikarta Alief 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thermal analysis on BLDC Motors is very important to be learned in order to obtain a low-cost motor design and have a high level of efficiency. The design of the existing motor cooling system uses a complex design that must use sophisticated machining tools and spend a lot of money in the manufacturing process. The purpose of this paper is to get the geometry of the cooling system on BLDC motor with simple manufacturing process thus saving the cost of production. The expected cooling system design is a simple geometry so that manufacturing can be done using 3-axis CNC machining. Design of cooling system using water-jacket with an additional cover. On this study, Author modeled the motor with Ansys Maxwell to obtain the heat source parameters of the motor geometry. Software Fluent is involved to perform the temperature simulation on the motor using the designed cooling system then validated with an experiment. Thermal analysis of this study compares motor performance with the use of water and oil. The flow rate compared to the radiator power efficiency.
Development and application of a biomass burner using nyamplung seed cake as feedstock for pyrolysis process
Authors: Syamsiro M , Putra N A , Winarno J , Ika S R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main issue in running the pyrolysis plant for waste plastics and waste tire is how to operate the plant efficiently with the minimum energy required for heating the reactor. Therefore, the alternative heating source for the pyrolysis reactor should be applied to reduce the energy cost. Development of a novel biomass burner has been successfully fabricated, tested and applied for pyrolysis system. The experiments have been conducted to study the effect of air supply and fuel on the combustion performance of the burner. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the burner was higher by utilizing nyamplung seed cake as a feedstock compared to wood pellet. However, the maximum flame temperature of nyamplung seed cake was lower than that of wood pellet. This is due to the lower density of nyamplung seed cake compared to wood pellet which was lowering the combustion rate in the burner. The increase of the air supply generates the increase of the maximum flame temperature and the decrease of thermal efficiency. Moreover, the higher air supply the higher the flame length would be in which it will be one of the important parameters when designing larger scale of biomass burner and the pyrolysis reactor.
The Potential of Hydroelectric Power of Kawiwi River in Ratahan District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Maluegha B L , Punuhsingon C S C , Soplanit G D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research was aimed at calculating the hydro energy potential for generating electricity from Kawiwi river in Ratahan District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The required data were the estimation of daily electrical loads of the buildings around Kawiwi river and the monthly average flow velocity of the river in a year. Data of electrical loads were obtained from questionnaires given to the people who is living by the river. Meanwhile, the data of the monthly average flow velocity for June, July and August 2019 were directly measured, and for other months were estimated based on monthly average rainfall in South East Minahasa regency, where Ratahan district is located. The monthly average flow velocity of Sungai Kawiwi are as follows: Januari 1.35 m/s, February 2.45 m/s, March 2.12 m/s, April 2.69 m/s, May 1.10, June 0.76 m/s, July 0.70 m/s, August 0, 60 m/s, September 0, 16 m/s, October 0, 96 m/s, November 1, 17 m/s, and December 2.20 m/s. The data, then, were analyzed by using HOMER 2.68 Beta with an assumption that the electricity produced from Kawiwi river was generated by Darrieus Hydro Turbine, a kinetic turbine. By HOMER’s calculation, it was found that the electricity produced from Kawiwi river was 16.880 kWh/year.
Corrosion Resistance of Sn-Zn Coated on Low Carbon Steel Material in Wet Gas Pipeline
Authors: Hadi Wijaya Roni , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Low carbon steel pipeline material is usually to transport wet gas. The presence of water in gas may lead corrosion and leakage. To enhance corrosion resistance of this material, we investigated electrodeposited of Sn-Zn on various composition Zn. Microstructure, structure, thermal properties and corrosion behaviour were analysed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Potentiodynamic Polarization. Electrodeposited Sn-Zn with smallest Zn content shows highest corrosion rate. With various composition, XRD pattern shows tetragonal crystal structure. The various Zn content have changed the melting point and the enthalpy. Electrodeposited Sn-Zn on low carbon steel pipeline material enhance the corrosion resistance.
Effect of Solution Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy 4032 on the Structure and Corrosion Resistance in 3,5% and 10,5% NaCl Solution
Authors: Nur Cahyo Fadli , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aluminum Alloy 4032 is usually used as a material for making engine pistons, which has a composition of Aluminum (Al), 21%wt Silicon (Si), 0.82%wt Nickel (Ni) and 0.67%wt Copper (Cu). The alloy is known to have mild properties and should have good corrosion resistance. Heat treatment was carried out with the aim of the enhancement of the corrosion resistance. The solution heat treatment process was performed at 510°C for 2 hours and then quenching to room temperature in water media. Some of the material were also performed an aging process at 171°C with varying duration of time and then cooling to room temperature. Corrosion resistance testing was carried out by electrochemical testing using 3.5% wt and 10.5% wt NaCl solution. The structure before and after heat treatment were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were analyzed. The results of the characterization indicate that the heat treatment on the Alloy is affected by solution heat treatment and the aging process.
The Effect of Copper on Corrosion Resistance and Structure of Al-8%wt Si Alloys for Engine Block Application
Authors: Aji Setiady Adina , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Al-Si Alloys are mostly used in an application for the engine block. An experimental investigation was carried out to understand the corrosion resistance of alloys with various Copper (Cu) content in Al-Si alloys. The corrosion properties of Aluminium alloys (Al-Si-0wt%Cu, Al-Si-2wt%Cu, Al-Si-5wt%Cu, and Al-Si-9wt%Cu) were investigated. X-ray diffraction and Electrochemical test were performed to investigate the structure of each sample, and corrosion resistance in 3.5%wt and 7%wt NaCl solution, and coolant water were used to understand the corrosion rate of Al-Si alloys. X-ray diffraction shows a different diffraction pattern from one sample to another. The effect of Copper addition shows marks different in corrosion resistance and structure of this alloy.
Analysis of the electrodeposition process of Fe–Mn films from sulfate electrolytes
Authors: Barreiros Pollyana P , Pires Manoel J M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fe–Mn alloys with different composition and structure have great importance in a wide range of applications, which requires a detailed knowledge of a variety of production methods. In the present work, Fe–Mn thin films were electrochemically deposited from sulfate aqueous solutions under different conditions on Cu substrates. The effects of several applied potentials for deposition, concentrations of reagents and speed of rotation of the electrode were investigated. Chronoamperometry tests were performed and the curves obtained were analyzed through the models for nucleation and growth from Scharifker et al and from Isaev et al considering apparent diffusion coefficient for the deposition of the alloy. The approach with both these models point to a process close to the instantaneous nucleation limit. Globally, the results indicate a mixed transport-kinetic control for most of the conditions, but a behavior with characteristics of diffusion controlled growth can be established for specific conditions of speed of rotation and concentrations. Koutechký-Levich analysis has been applied to current-potential curves at the rotating-disk electrode providing the determination of the apparent diffusion coefficients and heterogeneous rate constants for electron transfer. Fe is preferentially deposited with a much higher rate of reduction than Mn in the employed solutions. The whole deposition process is very sensitive to the presence of (NH4)2SO4, which affects also the quality of the deposits. The samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy.
First-principles study of defects in blue phosphorene
Authors: Wang Chao , You Yizhou , Choi Jin-Ho 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, we investigate the energetics and electronic properties of Stone Wales and vacancy defects in blue phosphorene. Among these defects, the Stone Wales defect has the lowest formation energy of 1.49 eV. Single and double vacancy defects have much larger formation energies (2.35 ∼ 2.90 eV). All the defects induce mid-gap bands that are relatively flat, which indicates the localized nature of the defect states. Our spin-polarized calculations further show that a single vacancy defect exhibits local magnetic moments (1.0 μ

B
), which can be attributed to the existence of an unpaired electron. Besides, we propose new types of defects with irregular buckling configurations. These new defects have even lower formation energies (1.01 and 1.30 eV). The present work may serve as an important guidance for designing and defect engineering of blue phosphorene-based devices.
Fast and efficient approach to synthesis of ultra-fine TiC powder
Authors: Yang Chang-Jiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A fast and large scalable process to produce TiC powder was obtained using a horizontal rotary ball mill within 60 min via a mechanically induced self-propagating reaction (MSR). The as-synthesized TiC particles have well-defined crystals structure and the median diameter of ∼1 μm with less impurity due to short duration of milling. The mechanism for the acceleration of MSR was investigated in detail. The graphene nano-platelets are exfoliated from graphite by ultra-high-energy of the horizontal rotary ball mill after less than 30 min of milling, which plays a crucial role in formation of leaf-like nanoplatelets with Ti lamella by ball collision. At the same time, the ultra-high-energy of ball milling can boost self-prorogating reaction in a short duration of milling.
Complex-k modes of plasmonic chain waveguides
Authors: Yan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nanoparticle chain waveguide based on negative-epsilon material is investigated through a generic 3D finite-element Bloch-mode solver which derives complex propagation constant (k). Our study starts from waveguides made of non-dispersive material, which not only singles out ‘waveguide dispersion’ but also motivates search of new materials to achieve guidance at unconventional wavelengths. Performances of gold or silver chain waveguides are then evaluated; a concise comparison of these two types of chain waveguides has been previously missing. Beyond these singly-plasmonic chain waveguides, we examine a hetero-plasmonic chain system with interlacing gold and silver particles, inspired by a recent proposal; the claimed enhanced energy transfer between gold particles appears to be a one-sided view of its hybridized waveguiding behavior—energy transfer between silver particles worsens. Enabled by the versatile numerical method, we also discuss effects of inter-particle spacing, background medium, and presence of a substrate. Our extensive analyses show that the general route for reducing propagation loss of e.g. a gold chain waveguide is to lower chain-mode frequency with a proper geometry (e.g. smaller particle spacing) and background material setting (e.g. high-permittivity background or even foreign nanoparticles). In addition, the possibility of building mid-infrared chain waveguides using doped silicon is commented based on numerical simulation.
Species and classification
Authors: Okasha Samir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
‘Species and classification’ first considers the species problem and the biological species concept. It then discusses phylogenetic systematics, which involves the organization of species into higher taxa. Classification in science raises a deep philosophical issue as all objects can in principle be classified in more than one way. Is there a ‘correct’ way to assign organisms to species, and species to higher taxa? Classification of organisms was traditionally done using the Linnaean system, which served biologists well for years, and elements of it are still used today. However, the rise of evolutionary biology has led to fundamental changes in both the theory and practice of biological classification.
Echoes
Authors: Doyle William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
‘Echoes’ examines the legacy of the French Revolution in the Western world through the lens of late 18th-century and 19th-century literature and culture. It considers writing by Edmund Burke and Thomas Carlyle, but it is Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities (1859) that offers the most influential image that posterity has of the French Revolution. It took as its main theme the contrast between violent Paris and tranquil London. The images of this book define the French Revolution for many, and were reinforced elsewhere, for example in The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905). Despite enjoying all the romance of the French Revolution in books and plays, did people really know what caused it?
How it happened
Authors: Doyle William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Just before the monarchy collapsed into bankruptcy, a hailstorm swept across France, bringing with it agricultural and economic disaster. The political storm that was about to break would take place against a background of economic crisis. ‘How it happened’ examines the events that led up to the storming of the Bastille and beyond. There were three issues that polarized France at this time: war, religion, and the monarchy. How did the polarization of these three issues lead to the terror? What caused Louis XVI to flee? Why did it go wrong and what were the ramifications of his attempt to leave France? How did Napoleon ‘save’ France from slipping deeper into chaos?
What it ended
Authors: Doyle William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The French Revolution began as a destructive force. The revolutionaries wanted to abolish anything associated with the old order. ‘What it ended’ describes how the French Revolution had begun as an attack on despotism, aristocracy, old-style corporatism, and privilege. It provided an opportunity to dispense with the old and replace with new. However, although the Revolution symbolized the assertion of political will against the constraints of history, circumstance, and vested interest, the revolutionaries soon realized that will alone is not enough to destroy the old. The old fought back. But these attempts were always problematic as concerns with the old regime remained. No true restoration was ever possible.
What it started
Authors: Doyle William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Revolution began as an assertion of national sovereignty. Nations were the new supreme source of authority in human affairs. ‘What it started’ considers the effects of the French Revolution over the 19th century. A new principle of political legitimacy began, and the sovereignty of nations achieved successful acceptance throughout the Western world. In the 20th century, it would be used to expel Europeans from overseas colonies. What part did the Revolution play in defining a ‘nation’ in 19th-century terms? What significance did popular power have? Can there ever be a true revolution without terror? The legacy of the French Revolution in the 19th century was momentous, yet always partial and often paradoxical.
Where it stands
Authors: Doyle William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The historian François Furet proclaimed in 1978, at the start of a much celebrated essay, that ‘The French Revolution is finished’. He meant the Revolution ought to be the subject for detached historical enquiry. ‘Where it stands’ examines what ended the French Revolution, the legacy it left behind, and various interpretations of its legacy, both within France and worldwide. The history of the Revolution, in France at least, has been more a matter of commemoration than scholarly analysis. The bicentenary in 1989 released a torrent of vituperative publishing, most of it denouncing one aspect or another of the Revolution and its legacy.
Patient-controlled variable dosing of levodopa for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Roycroft Matthew , Abdelhafiz Ahmed H , Rose Joanne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medication for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is for symptomatic relief, and typically, patients are advised to take their medication at agreed regular times. Here, we present a lady with moderate PD and superimposed anxiety for whom this management strategy did not work well as it increased her anxiety significantly around dosing times. She was switched to an PRN regime and although taking the same total dose of levodopa with similar symptom control was overall much happier. Although there are sound reasons behind regular dosing of levodopa (its short duration of action and relationship of clinical response to plasma concentration), a holistic co-created management plan against classical advice but taking into account the psychological burden of disease and medication may in many cases be more appropriate.