bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulative Optimierung der Steuerungsparameter eines Materialflusslayouts mit Bandförderern
Authors: Kienzlen A. , Weißen J. , Verl A. , Göttlich S. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungModerne Fertigungssysteme sind komplexe, umfangreiche Systeme. Eine sorgfältige Planung des gesamten Fertigungssystems ist erforderlich, um langfristig effektiv zu produzieren und Gewinne zu erzielen. Bei der Layoutplanung dieser Systeme muss berücksichtigt werden, dass der Materialfluss zwischen einzelnen Stationen zuverlässig und reibungslos funktioniert. Die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme (VIBN) ermöglicht es, das Zusammenspiel von Anlagenlayout und Steuerungssystem, welches das optimale Design der Anlage wesentlich beeinflusst, frühzeitig zu testen. Konzeptionsfehler und Engpässe, die die Performance beeinflussen, können im Voraus erkannt und behoben werden. Für die VIBN wird die reale Anlage durch ein Simulationsmodell ersetzt, um im Zusammenspiel mit dem realen Steuerungssystem Tests durchführen zu können.In dieser Arbeit wird ein Vorgehensmodell entworfen, anhand dessen die Leistungsfähigkeit von Maschinen und Anlagen mit besonders hohem Materialflussaufkommen analysiert und das Layout bewertet werden kann. Wichtige Leistungskenngrößen wie die Taktzeit und Auslastung einzelner Bestandteile des Fertigungssystem können hinsichtlich ihrer Realisierbarkeit überprüft werden. Durch Testläufe an einem Simulationsmodell des Materialflusses werden Fehler und Engpässe, welche die Performance der Anlage negativ beeinflussen, frühzeitig erkannt. Zur Verbesserung des Layouts wird dabei ein Flussmodell basierend auf einer Erhaltungsgleichung eingesetzt. Das neue Simulationsmodell ermöglicht insbesondere die Simulation großer Mengen an Materialien bei gleichzeitig geringer Berechnungsdauer. Für die Validierung der Ergebnisse werden Parameter festgelegt, die als Indikator für die Leistung von Materialflusssystemen dienen und in einer ingenieurstechnischen Simulation gemessen werden können. Das enge Zusammenspiel verschiedener Simulationen ermöglicht die Validierung und effiziente Verbesserung des Layouts.
A review of optimal evaluation and treatment of suspected esophageal food impaction
Authors: Lake MeNore , Smoot David , O’Halloran Peter , Shortsleeve Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluoroscopy-guided esophageal disimpaction of ingested food is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient alternative to endoscopically guided disimpaction. Patients with suspected esophageal impaction usually require fluoroscopy to confirm the diagnosis and determine the level of obstruction, which guides further management. Proximal esophageal food impactions at or near the cricopharyngeus muscle require an ENT intervention. Food impactions from the cervical esophagus to the aortic arch require a GI intervention. Obstructions distal to the aortic arch can usually be managed by the radiologist with a fluoroscopy-guided disimpaction. The use of intravenous glucagon to relax the mid and distal esophageal smooth muscle, combined with an effervescent agent, and water comprises this “combination” therapy to relieve an acute esophageal food impaction. This paper reviews the indications, contraindications, technique, and 32 years of experience with fluoroscopy-guided esophageal disimpaction at our institution. A retrospective chart review of our experience includes 252 patients with a 56% success rate that obviated more expensive and invasive procedures. Only one complication of a minor mucosal tear of no clinical consequence was encountered. Radiologists should be familiar with the presentation and management of this common diagnosis.
The effect of signaling in dependence on the extraneous cognitive load in learning environments
Authors: Beege Maik , Nebel Steve , Schneider Sascha , Rey Günter Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractText-based learning media are often used in primary, secondary and university education. Therefore, text designers can support the learner by highlighting the most relevant information by using visual cues. Despite this signaling effect’s broad empirical basis, the extent to which the effectiveness of educational signals is dependent on moderator variables, like the design and layout of the text has not been investigated to date. In the current experiment, 138 university students learned about the formation of tsunamis from an instructional text. The text was manipulated in terms ofsignaling(color cues vs. no color cues) andinduced learning-irrelevant extraneous cognitive load(fluent text font vs. disfluent text font). The results revealed that learners who had received the signaled text outperformed those who received the non-signaled text in terms of transfer performance. These results are explained by cognitive load, which was reduced in the signaling condition. The text font had no influence on the learning outcomes. Extraneous load induction further led to higher metacognitive accuracy and invested effort, while cognitive load and frustration were also increased. Interaction effects only occurred in terms of testing time, ease of learning and navigation. Results indicate that signaling is beneficial for transfer performance, independent of the font design of text.
Numerical investigations of retrogressive failure in sensitive clays: revisiting 1994 Sainte-Monique slide, Quebec
Authors: Shan Zhigang , Zhang Wangcheng , Wang Dong , Wang Lizhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetrogressive slope failure is ubiquitous in regions of abundant sensitive clays with its mechanism yet to be understood comprehensively. This study gives numerical investigations of retrogressive slope failure with a focus on the 1994 Sainte-Monique slide, Quebec, using a large deformation finite element method. Failure mechanisms and post-failure behaviours including the global kinematics and retrogression distance are highlighted with controlling factors discussed in parametric studies. Key features of post-failure behaviours of the 1994 Sainte-Monique slide are reproduced with the configuration of sliding mass deposits comparable to the site investigations. Post-failure kinematics and retrogression distance are sensitive to sensitivity, brittleness and viscosity of soils and riverbed geometry. Parametric studies may contribute to assess potential retrogression recurrence in the region and its retrogression distance upon current set of in situ parameters.
Cardiovascular health care and health literacy among immigrants in Europe: a review of challenges and opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wernly Bernhard , Wernly Sarah , Magnano Anthony , Paul Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Europe is a destination for many migrants, a group whose proportion of the overall population will increase over the next decades. The cardiovascular (CV) risk distribution and outcomes, as well as health literacy, are likely to differ from the host population. Challenges related to migrant health status, cardiovascular risk distribution and health literacy are compounded by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) crisis.

Methods
We performed a narrative review of available evidence on migrant CV and health literacy in Europe.

Results
Health literacy is lower in migrants but can be improved through targeted interventions. In some subgroups of migrants, rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, most importantly hypertension and diabetes, are higher. On the other hand, there is strong evidence for a so-called healthy migrant effect, describing lower rates of CV risk distribution and mortality in a different subset of migrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CV risk factors, as well as health literacy, are key elements in optimally managing public health responses in the ongoing pandemic.

Conclusions
Migrants are both an opportunity and a challenge for public health in Europe. Research aimed at better understanding the healthy migrant effect is necessary. Implementing the beneficial behaviors of migrants could improve outcomes in the whole population. Specific interventions to screen for risk factors, manage chronic disease and increase health literacy could improve health care for migrants. This pandemic is a challenge for the whole population, but active inclusion of immigrants in established health care systems could help improve the long-term health outcomes of migrants in Europe.
Harm Reduction and Moral Desert in the Context of Drug Policy
Authors: Porter Lindsey Brooke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe target of my discussion is intuitions lay people have about justice in the context of drug policy—intuitions that take on a more or less moral-desert-based shape. I argue that even if we think desert is the right measure of how we ought to treat people, we ought still be in favour of Harm Reduction measures for people who use drugs. Harm Reduction measures are controversial with members of the public, and much of the opposition seems to come from something like an appeal to a desert conception of justice—the notion that a just state of affairs is one in which everybody gets what they deserve, no more, no less. A recent study, for example, found that ‘moral outrage’ predicts a preference for prevalence reduction (criminal sanction, etc.) over Harm Reduction. The thinking seems to be that, since drug use is wrong, letting people who use drugs suffer and/or die as a consequence of their use is just. Aiding their health and safety, while perhaps compassionate, is unjust. I argue that there is a bad desert fit between using drugs and suffering avoidable harm even if using drugs is morally wrong. Many of the possible harms of drug use are socially/policy driven, and much problematic drug use is context dependent, not cleanly attributable to the decisions of the person who uses drugs. This means that even if drug use is wrong, people who use drugs deserve Harm Reduction policies, at minimum.
Time Use, Unemployment, and Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis Using British Time-Use Data
Authors: Hoang Thi Truong An , Knabe Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe use nationally representative data from the UK Time-Use Survey 2014/2015 to investigate how a person’s employment status is related to time use and cognitive and affective dimensions of subjective well-being. We do not find clear indications that employed and unemployed persons experience different average levels of emotional well-being when they engage in the same kinds of activities. For the employed, working belongs to one of the least enjoyable activities of their day. They also spend a large share of their time at work and on work-related activities. The unemployed, instead, spend more time on leisure and more enjoyable activities. When looking at duration-weighted average affective well-being over the entire waking time of the day, the unemployed experience, on average, more enjoyment than the employed. For the employed, the more hours they have to work on a specific day, the lower the average enjoyment they experience on that day. Differentiating the analyses by weekdays and weekends supports the finding that being able to freely allocate one’s non-work time is associated with higher levels of affective well-being. In line with previous studies on cognitive well-being, we find that the unemployed report substantially lower levels of life satisfaction than the employed.
On the High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Ta-Containing Quaternary Co-Base Model Alloy System with γ/γ′-Microstructure - Influence of γ′-Volume Fraction, Surface State, and Heating Condition on Alumina Growth
Authors: Hagen S. P. , Weiser M. , Kubacka D. , Spiecker E. , Virtanen S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe improvement of the high-temperature oxidation resistance remains an ambitious goal for the design of new γ/γ′-strengthened Co-base superalloys, since their oxidation resistance beyond 800 °C still ranks behind their Ni-base counterparts. To better understand the origin of the poor oxidation resistance at higher temperatures, this study focuses on early stages of oxidation of four quaternary (Co-Al-W-Ta system) Co-base model alloys with a two-phase γ/γ′-microstructure and varying γ′-volume fraction at 800 °C, 850 °C and 900 °C. Based on time-resolved isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in synthetic air and detailed electron microscopic analysis, the role of the γ-channel width (or γ′-volume fraction), the surface preparation prior to exposure (polishing versus shot-peening), and the heating conditions (synthetic air versus argon) on protective alumina growth is elucidated. Firstly, for alloys of increased γ′-volume fractions slower oxidation kinetics prevailed. Secondly, the two-phase microstructure was found to decisively affect the propagation of the internal oxidation front at the early stages of oxidation. Thirdly, shot-peening prior to exposure together with a lack of oxygen availability during heating was identified to foster protective alumina growth, accompanied by TCP-phase formation in the substrate. The critical role of a high Al availability in the alloy for a rapid growth of protective alumina and the relating challenges in alloy development regarding, for example, phase stability in this relatively novel Co-base alloy class are discussed in detail.
Scaling Beyond Early Adopters: a Content Analysis of Literature and Key Informant Perspectives
Authors: Miake-Lye Isomi , Mak Selene , Lam Christine A. , Lambert-Kerzner Anne C. , Delevan Deborah , Olmos-Ochoa Tanya , Shekelle Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Innovations and improvements in care delivery are often not spread across all settings that would benefit from their uptake. Scale-up and spread efforts are deliberate efforts to increase the impact of innovations successfully tested in pilot projects so as to benefit more people. The final stages of scale-up and spread initiatives must contend with reaching hard-to-engage sites.

Objective
To describe the process of scale-up and spread initiatives, with a focus on hard-to-engage sites and strategies to approach them.

Design
Qualitative content analysis of systematically identified literature and key informant interviews.

Participants
Leads from large magnitude scale-up and spread projects.

Approach
We conducted a systematic literature search on large magnitude scale-up and spread and interviews with eight project leads, who shared their perspectives on strategies to scale-up and spread clinical and administrative practices across healthcare systems, focusing on hard-to-engage sites. We synthesized these data using content analysis.

Key Results
Searches identified 1919 titles, of which 52 articles were included. Thirty-four discussed general scale-up and spread strategies, 11 described hard-to-engage sites, and 7 discussed strategies for hard-to-engage sites. These included publications were combined with interview findings to describe a fourth phase of the national scale-up and spread process, common challenges for spreading to hard-to-engage sites, and potential benefits of working with hard-to-engage sites, as well as useful strategies for working with hard-to-engage sites.

Conclusions
We identified scant published evidence that describes strategies for reaching hard-to-engage sites. The sparse data we identified aligned with key informant accounts. Future work could focus on better documentation of the later stages of spread efforts, including specific tailoring of approaches and strategies used with hard-to-engage sites. Spread efforts should include a “flexible, tailored approach” for this highly variable group, especially as implementation science is looking to expand its impact in routine care settings.
How Society Changes: Sociological Enlightenment and a Theory of Social Evolution for Freedom
Authors: Tada Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article clarifies the relationship between individual freedom and social order by relying on Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory and thereby defines sociology’s contribution to social evolution as sociological enlightenment, which seeks otherwiseness in living experience and action. For this purpose, Luhmann’s theory will specifically be compared with Emile Durkheim’s and Alfred Schutz’s sociological theories. Durkheim, a “child of the Enlightenment,” considered freedom a collective ideal of moral individualism and conceived that the rational state realizes freedom by spreading the civil-religious human ideal for modern social order. In contrast, Schutz, following Henri Bergson, who criticized rationality for spatially fixing inner time, regarded freedom as a given in the individual’s underlying duration, not as a shared ideal. Yet, unlike Bergson, he continued relying on rationalism, and he thought that the sociological observer observes how something appears to people with the epoché of natural attitude, not what it objectively is. Inheriting this phenomenological subjectivism, Luhmann showed that the self-referentiality of consciousness also applies to society: A social system, which path-dependently emerges itself from a double contingency, observes the world in its own way based on its self-referentially constituted eigen-time. On account of this system closure, and contrary to Durkheim’s illuminist belief, there is no controlling entity in a highly evolved society, where freedom results from the enlarged, diversified possibilities of living experience and action (contingency). Thus, sociological enlightenment doubts self-evidence so that society brackets the taken-for-granted social order or social reality and amplifies individuals’ deviations to evolve toward freedom.
Precision micro-milling process: state of the art
Authors: O’Toole Lorcan , Kang Cheng-Wei , Fang Feng-Zhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicro-milling is a precision manufacturing process with broad applications across the biomedical, electronics, aerospace, and aeronautical industries owing to its versatility, capability, economy, and efficiency in a wide range of materials. In particular, the micro-milling process is highly suitable for very precise and accurate machining of mold prototypes with high aspect ratios in the microdomain, as well as for rapid micro-texturing and micro-patterning, which will have great importance in the near future in bio-implant manufacturing. This is particularly true for machining of typical difficult-to-machine materials commonly found in both the mold and orthopedic implant industries. However, inherent physical process constraints of machining arise as macro-milling is scaled down to the microdomain. This leads to some physical phenomena during micro-milling such as chip formation, size effect, and process instabilities. These dynamic physical process phenomena are introduced and discussed in detail. It is important to remember that these phenomena have multifactor effects during micro-milling, which must be taken into consideration to maximize the performance of the process. The most recent research on the micro-milling process inputs is discussed in detail from a process output perspective to determine how the process as a whole can be improved. Additionally, newly developed processes that combine conventional micro-milling with other technologies, which have great prospects in reducing the issues related to the physical process phenomena, are also introduced. Finally, the major applications of this versatile precision machining process are discussed with important insights into how the application range may be further broadened.
Nanoparticle-Loaded Polarized-Macrophages for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Cell-Chemotherapy
Authors: Hou Teng , Wang Tianqi , Mu Weiwei , Yang Rui , Liang Shuang , Zhang Zipeng , Fu Shunli , Gao Tong , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCell therapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic efficiency remains limited due to the complex and immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironments. In this study, the “cell-chemotherapy” strategy was presented to enhance antitumor efficacy. M1-type macrophages, which are therapeutic immune cells with both of immunotherapeutic ability and targeting ability, carried sorafenib (SF)-loaded lipid nanoparticles (M1/SLNPs) were developed. M1-type macrophages were used both as therapeutic tool to provide immunotherapy and as delivery vessel to target deliver SF to tumor tissues for chemotherapy simultaneously. M1-type macrophages were obtained by polarizing macrophages using lipopolysaccharide, and M1/SLNPs were obtained by incubating M1-type macrophages with SLNP. Tumor accumulation of M1/SLNP was increased compared with SLNP (p < 0.01), which proved M1/SLNP could enhance tumor targeting of SF. An increased ratio of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages, and the CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cell quantities in tumor tissues after treatment with M1/SLNP indicated M1/SLNP could relieve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. The tumor volumes in the M1/SLNP group were significantly smaller than those in the SLNP group (p < 0.01), indicating M1/SLNP exhibited enhanced antitumor efficacy. Consequently, M1/SLNP showed great potential as a novel cell-chemotherapeutic strategy combining both cell therapy and targeting chemotherapy.
3D Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Charge/Discharge Rate Supercapacitors with High Energy-Power Density
Authors: Leng Changyu , Zhao Zongbin , Song Yinzhou , Sun Lulu , Fan Zhuangjun , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang , Wang Xuzhen , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon-based electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and excellent cycle stability. However, the practical use of EDLCs is limited by the low energy density in aqueous electrolyte and sluggish diffusion kinetics in organic or/and ionic liquids electrolyte. Herein, 3D carbon frameworks (3DCFs) constructed by interconnected nanocages (10–20 nm) with an ultrathin wall of ca. 2 nm have been fabricated, which possess high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity and good conductive network. After deoxidization, the deoxidized 3DCF (3DCF-DO) exhibits a record low IR drop of 0.064 V at 100 A g−1 and ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 10 V s−1. The related device can be charged up to 77.4% of its maximum capacitance in 0.65 s at 100 A g−1 in 6 M KOH. It has been found that the 3DCF-DO has a great affinity to EMIMBF4, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 174 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and a high energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 150 kW kg−1 at 4 V after a fast charge in 1.11 s. This work provides a facile fabrication of novel 3D carbon frameworks for supercapacitors with ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high energy-power density.