bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of softwood kraft pulp fibres using hydrogen peroxide at acidic conditions
Authors: Martinsson Axel , Hasani Merima , Potthast Antje , Theliander Hans 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to provide softwood kraft pulp fibres with new functionalities by the introduction of carbonyl groups. Carbonyl groups are known to affect properties such as wet strength through the formation of covalent bonds, i.e. hemiacetals. The method developed involves oxidation using hydrogen peroxide at mildly acidic conditions. It was found that the carbonyl group content increased with both increasing temperature and residence time when oxidized at acidic conditions. The number of carboxylic groups, however, remained approximately constant. There was virtually no increase in carbonyl groups when oxidation was performed at alkaline conditions. The maximum increase in carbonyl groups was found at a residence time of 90 min, a reaction temperature of 85 °C and a pH of 4. These conditions resulted in an increase in carbonyl groups from 30 to 122 µmol/g. When formed into a sheet, the pulp oxidized at acidic conditions proved to maintain its structural integrity at aqueous conditions. This indicates the formation of hemiacetal bonds between the introduced carbonyl groups and the hydroxyl groups on the carbohydrate chains. Thus, a possible application for the method could be fibre modification during the final bleaching stage of softwood kraft pulp, where the wet strength of the pulp could be increased.
Model decomposition of timed event graphs under periodic partial synchronization: application to output reference control
Authors: Trunk Johannes , Cottenceau Bertrand , Hardouin Laurent , Raisch Joerg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTimed Event Graphs (TEGs) are a graphical model for decision free and time-invariant Discrete Event Systems (DESs). To express systems with time-variant behaviors, a new form of synchronization, called partial synchronization (PS), has been introduced for TEGs. Unlike exact synchronization, where two transitions t1,t2 can only fire if both transitions are simultaneously enabled, PS of transition t1 by transition t2 means that t1 can fire only when transition t2 fires, but t1 does not influence the firing of t2. This, for example can describe the synchronization between a local train and a long distance train. Of course it is reasonable to synchronize the departure of a local train by the arrival of long distance train in order to guarantee a smooth connection for passengers. In contrast, the long distance train should not be delayed due to the late arrival of a local train. Under the assumption that PS is periodic, we can show that the dynamic behavior of a TEG under PS can be decomposed into a time-variant and a time-invariant part. It is shown that the time-variant part is invertible and that the time-invariant part can be modeled by a matrix with entries in the dioid ${\mathcal{M}}_{in}^{ax}\left [\!\left [\gamma ,\delta \right ]\!\right ]$

M

i
n

a
x

γ
,
δ

, i.e. the time-invariant part can be interpreted as a standard TEG. Therefore, the tools introduced for standard TEGs can be used to analyze and to control the overall system. In particular, in this paper output reference control for TEGs under PS is addressed. This control strategy determines the optimal input for a predefined reference output. In this case optimality is in the sense of the ”just-in-time” criterion, i.e., the input events are chosen as late as possible under the constraint that the output events do not occur later than required by the reference output.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using a porous tip contact force-sensing catheter from the SMART SF trial
Authors: Natale Andrea , Monir George , Patel Anshul M. , Fishel Robert S. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Delaughter M. Craig , Athill Charles A. , Melby Daniel P. , Gonzalez Mario D. , Hariharan Ramesh , Gidney Brett , Tan Tiffany , Chinitz Larry A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The prospective, multicenter SMART SF trial demonstrated the acute safety and effectiveness of the 56-hole porous tip irrigated contact force (CF) catheter for drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) ablation with a low primary adverse event rate (2.5%), leading to FDA approval of the catheter. Here, we are reporting the long-term effectiveness and safety results that have not yet been reported.

Methods
Ablations were performed using the 56-hole porous tip irrigated CF catheter guided by the 3D mapping system stability module. The primary effectiveness endpoint was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, and/or atrial flutter), based on electrocardiographic data at 12 months. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence occurring 3 months post procedure, acute procedural failures such as lack of entrance block confirmation of all PVs, and undergoing repeat procedure for atrial fibrillation in the evaluation period (91 to 365 days post the initial ablation procedure) were considered to be effectiveness failures.

Results
Seventy-eight patients (age 64.8 ± 9.7 years; male 52.6%; Caucasian 96.2%) participated in the 12-month effectiveness evaluation. Mean follow-up time was 373.5 ± 45.4 days. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from 12-month atrial tachyarrhythmia was 74.9%. Two procedure-related pericardial effusion events were reported at 92 and 180 days post procedure. There were no pulmonary vein stenosis complications or deaths reported through the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusions
The SMART SF 12-month follow-up evaluation corroborates the early safety and effectiveness success previously reported for PAF ablation with STSF.
Physical Fighting and Leisure Activities among Norwegian Adolescents—Investigating Co-occurring Changes from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Frøyland Lars Roar , Bakken Anders , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAfter many years of decline in violent behavior among adolescents in several Western countries, recent official statistics indicate a possible trend change. So far, knowledge on how this change is related to co-occurring changes in leisure time activities is limited. Using two cross-sectional surveys from Oslo, Norway, this study found substantial increases in the prevalence of physical fighting from 2015 (N = 23,381; 51.6% girls) to 2018 (N = 25,287; 50.8% girls) in junior and senior high school. The rise in fighting was related to co-occurring changes in several leisure activities, including increasing time spent unsupervised by adults, rising digital media use, and rising cannabis use. The study emphasizes the importance of considering leisure time activities when addressing adolescent misbehavior.
Gender Differences in Active Ageing: Findings from a New Individual-Level Index for European Countries
Authors: Steinmayr David , Weichselbaumer Doris , Winter-Ebmer Rudolf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe use data from wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to construct an individual-level index of active ageing for people aged between 50 and 90 years. We develop nine sub-indices for different dimensions, which are then aggregated to the final index. This individual-level index allows to analyze inequalities between age cohorts, dimensions, countries, and other individual-characteristics that are covered by SHARE. We focus on differences between the sexes. Overall women score lower than men with 54.9 index-points compared to 57.7 for men. We present gender differences in active ageing for some sub-populations as a showcase for this new individual-level index.
Why leave the teaching profession? A longitudinal approach to the prevalence and persistence of teacher turnover intentions
Authors: Räsänen Katariina , Pietarinen Janne , Pyhältö Kirsi , Soini Tiina , Väisänen Pertti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTeacher turnover has been recognized as a significant problem in the education worldwide. This study focuses on exploring reasons behind the turnover intentions, and persistence of such intentions in 5-year follow-up among Finnish teachers. Longitudinal survey data were collected from Finnish comprehensive school teachers in 2010 (T1n = 2310) and 2016 (T2n = 1450). The results showed that 50% of the teachers had turnover intentions. Turnover intentions were remarkably persistent, but the reasons for them varied significantly. Lack of professional commitment and factors related to the school system and workload were the main reasons for teacher turnover intention. The results suggest several factors that should be improved simultaneously in the teaching profession to increase teacher job satisfaction and retention.
Evolution of the Mammalian Ear: An Evolvability Hypothesis
Authors: Le Maître Anne , Grunstra Nicole D. S. , Pfaff Cathrin , Mitteroecker Philipp 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEncapsulated within the temporal bone and comprising the smallest elements of the vertebrate skeleton, the ear is key to multiple senses: balance, posture control, gaze stabilization, and hearing. The transformation of the primary jaw joint into the mammalian ear ossicles is one of the most iconic transitions in vertebrate evolution, but the drivers of this complex evolutionary trajectory are not fully understood. We propose a novel hypothesis: The incorporation of the bones of the primary jaw joint into the middle ear has considerably increased the genetic, regulatory, and developmental complexity of the mammalian ear. This increase in the number of genetic and developmental factors may, in turn, have increased the evolutionary degrees of freedom for independent adaptations of the different functional ear units. The simpler ear anatomy in birds and reptiles may be less susceptible to developmental instabilities and disorders than in mammals but also more constrained in its evolution. Despite the tight spatial entanglement of functional ear components, the increased “evolvability” of the mammalian ear may have contributed to the evolutionary success and adaptive diversification of mammals in the vast diversity of ecological and behavioral niches observable today. A brief literature review revealed supporting evidence for this hypothesis.
Sleep and Sleep Disruption in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Boentert Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), sleep disruption is frequently present and substantially adds to disease burden. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on causes, pathophysiology, and treatment of sleep disturbances in ALS.Recent FindingsMotor neuron degeneration and muscle weakness may lead to muscle cramps, pain, spasticity, immobilization, restless legs, sleep-disordered breathing, and difficulties to clear secretions. Furthermore, existential fears and depression may promote insomnia. Sleep-disordered breathing, and nocturnal hypoventilation in particular, requires ventilatory support which meaningfully prolongs survival and improves health-related quality of life albeit respiratory failure is inevitable. Early indication for non-invasive ventilation can be achieved by inclusion of capnometry in diagnostic sleep studies.SummarySleep disruption is extremely common in ALS and may arise from different etiologies. The absence of causative therapeutic options for ALS underlines the importance of symptomatic and palliative treatment strategies that acknowledge sleep-related complaints.
Factors Influencing Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Eelgrass Meadows Across New England, USA
Authors: Novak A. B. , Pelletier M. C. , Colarusso P. , Simpson J. , Gutierrez M. N. , Arias-Ortiz A. , Charpentier M. , Masque P. , Vella P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing the protection of coastal vegetated ecosystems has been suggested as one strategy to compensate for increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere as the capacity of these habitats to sequester and store carbon exceeds that of terrestrial habitats. Seagrasses are a group of foundation species that grow in shallow coastal and estuarine systems and have an exceptional ability to sequester and store large quantities of carbon in biomass and, particularly, in sediments. However, carbon stocks (Corgstocks) and carbon accumulation rates (Corgaccumulation) in seagrass meadows are highly variable both spatially and temporally, making it difficult to extrapolate this strategy to areas where information is lacking. In this study, Corgstocks and Corgaccumulation were determined at 11 eelgrass meadows across New England, representing a range of eutrophication and exposure conditions. In addition, the environmental factors and structural characteristics of meadows related to variation in Corgstocks were identified. The objectives were accomplished by assessing stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N as well as %C and %N in plant tissues and sediments, measuring grain size and210Pb of sediment cores, and through assessing site exposure. Variability in Corgstocks in seagrass meadows is well predicted using commonly measured environmental variables such as grain size distribution. This study allows incorporation of data and insights for the northwest Atlantic, where few studies on carbon sequestration by seagrasses have been conducted.
Mapping the Shoreface of Coastal Sediment Compartments to Improve Shoreline Change Forecasts in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Kinsela M. A. , Hanslow D. J. , Carvalho R. C. , Linklater M. , Ingleton T. C. , Morris B. D. , Allen K. M. , Sutherland M. D. , Woodroffe C. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potential response of shoreface depositional environments to sea level rise over the present century and beyond remains poorly understood. The shoreface is shaped by wave action across a sedimentary seabed and may aggrade or deflate depending on the balance between time-averaged wave energy and the availability and character of sediment, within the context of the inherited geological control. For embayed and accommodation-dominated coastal settings, where shoreline change is particularly sensitive to cross-shore sediment transport, whether the shoreface is a source or sink for coastal sediment during rising sea level may be a crucial determinant of future shoreline change. While simple equilibrium-based models (e.g. the Bruun Rule) are widely used in coastal risk planning practice to predict shoreline change due to sea level rise, the relevance of fundamental model assumptions to the shoreface depositional setting is often overlooked due to limited knowledge about the geomorphology of the nearshore seabed. We present high-resolution mapping of the shoreface-inner shelf in southeastern Australia from airborne lidar and vessel-based multibeam echosounder surveys, which reveals a more complex seabed than was previously known. The mapping data are used to interpret the extent, depositional character and morphodynamic state of the shoreface, by comparing the observed geomorphology to theoretical predictions from wave-driven sediment transport theory. The benefits of high-resolution seabed mapping for improving shoreline change predictions in practice are explored by comparing idealised shoreline change modelling based on our understanding of shoreface geomorphology and morphodynamics before and after the mapping exercise.
DNA barcoding of a stowaway reef coral in the international aquarium trade results in a new distribution record
Authors: Hoeksema Bert W. , Arrigoni Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDead corals and limestone boulders that act as substrate for live specimens of marine invertebrates and algae are sold as ‘live rock’ in the international aquarium trade. During a customs inspection of an airfreight shipment of ‘live rock’ at Schiphol Airport (Netherlands), 450 boulders imported from Indonesia were checked for the presence of undeclared organisms. During unpacking, about 50% of the boulders appeared to have small stony corals attached to them. Some of these corals belonged to a species unknown from Indonesia. Mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers revealed 100% and 99.3% match with Polycyathus chaishanensis Lin et al., 2012, a species reported from tidal pools in Taiwan. This new distribution record suggests that despite their easy access, intertidal and shallow subtidal reef coral assemblages (< 1 m depth) may still be underexplored.
Sleep-Related Cognitive/Behavioral Predictors of Sleep Quality and Relapse in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Brooks Alyssa Todaro , Kazmi Narjis , Yang Li , Tuason Ralph Thadeus , Krumlauf Michael Charles , Wallen Gwenyth Reid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about cognitive and behavioral predictors of sleep quality and relapse among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using the social cognitive theory (SCT), we assessed sleep-related behaviors and cognitions, sleep quality, and relapse to drinking among individuals with AUD transitioning from inpatient to outpatient settings.

Method
Individuals (n = 149) seeking treatment for AUD were recruited during their inpatient stay. Self-efficacy for sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, sleep-related behaviors, sleep quality, and relapse were assessed. Objective (actigraphy) assessment of sleep efficiency and duration was measured using actigraphy. Multiple logistic regression models tested whether self-reported sleep quality or sleep-related beliefs/behavior predicted relapse. Repeated measures linear mixed modeling tested whether there was a change over time in sleep quality as well as the relationships between self-efficacy, sleep-related beliefs, sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and relapse.

Results
In our sample, self-efficacy for sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and sleep-related behavior were all significantly associated with both sleep quality and relapse. Controlling for pre-discharge sleep-related behaviors (SRBQ) and actigraphy-recorded average sleep time during the first week post-discharge, married participants had lower odds of relapse compared with non-married patients (p = 0.048, OR = 0.119, 95% CI 0.015–0.983). Patients with lower self-efficacy for sleep (SES) scores (p < 0.001) and higher CPRS anxiety scores (p < 0.001) had higher PSQI scores.

Conclusion
Our results highlight the importance of self-efficacy and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep as predictors of sleep quality and relapse among individuals with AUD and the utility of the SCT as a sleep research framework.
Aggregation and thermal properties of nanostructured montmorillonite covered with mixed adsorption layers of cationic polyacrylamide and hazardous lead(II) ions
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Fijałkowska Gracja , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna , Sternik Dariusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of nanostructured montmorillonite surface modification by the cationic polyacrylamide and the lead(II) ions on the thermal and aggregation properties of solid particles covered with mixed adsorption layers. The effects of cationic groups content in the polymeric macromolecules, the order of individual adsorbates addition, and lead(II) ions concentration were determined. Using spectrophotometry, potentiometric titration, microelectrophoresis, turbidimetry, DCS (Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation) and thermal analysis methods, the adsorption, electrokinetic, aggregation properties, as well as the thermal stability of studied montmorillonite—CT PAM—Pb(II) systems were established. It was shown that applied polymeric substance (soil flocculant) causes accumulation of lead(II) ions, which are hazardous at very low concentrations. Nevertheless, the chemical nature of these interactions may limit the bioavailability of this heavy metal for plants.
Multivariate ratio analysis and DNA markers reveal a new Australian species and three synonymies in eucalypt-gall-associatedMegastigmus(Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae)
Authors: Le Ngoc Hoan , Nahrung Helen F. , Morgan Jess A. T. , Lawson Simon A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe genusMegastigmusDalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) contains potential biocontrol agents of the invasive eucalypt galling chalcidLeptocybespp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with several species reported in various parts of the world. Species discrimination is challenging due to intraspecific morphological variation, difficulty in measuring sizes of body parts, and the lack of information regarding the global distribution of parasiticMegastigmus. We used two species commonly associated withLeptocybein its native range to review taxonomic methods and determine the most reliable morphological characters in species delimitation. We examined size variation of body characters, and conducted species discrimination using multivariate ratio analysis, mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) sequences. Morphological traits were effective in species delimitation yet revealed high variation in several characters employed in current keys. Knowledge generated on morphology and DNA justified the description of a new species,M. manonae,sp. n., the first record ofM. pretorianensisin Australia, and revised diagnostic characters forM. zvimendeli. Based on these diagnostic characters and molecular data, we synonymize three species (M. judikingae,syn. n., from Australia,M. sichuanensis,syn. n., from China andM. icipeensis,syn. n., from Kenya) withM. zvimendeli. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular markers in assisting taxonomic decision-making and the need for coordinated work in identifyingMegastigmusassociated withLeptocybespp.
Quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance T2 imaging offers ability to non-invasively predict acute allograft rejection in children
Authors: Sethi Neeta , Doshi Ashish , Doshi Tina , Cross Russell , Cronin Ileen , Amin Elena , Kanter Joshua , Scheel Janet , Khan Sairah , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne , Olivieri Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Monitoring for acute allograft rejection improves outcomes after cardiac transplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard test defining rejection, but carries risk and has limitations. Cardiac magnetic resonance T2 mapping may be able to predict rejection in adults, but has not been studied in children. Our aim was to evaluate T2 mapping in identifying paediatric cardiac transplant patients with acute rejection.Methods:Eleven paediatric transplant patients presenting 18 times were prospectively enrolled for non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance at 1.5 T followed by endomyocardial biopsy. Imaging included volumetry, flow, and T2 mapping. Regions of interest were manually selected on the T2 maps using the middle-third technique in the left ventricular septal and lateral wall in a short-axis and four-chamber slice. Mean and maximum T2 values were compared with Student’s t-tests analysis.Results:Five cases of acute rejection were identified in three patients, including two cases of grade 2R on biopsy and three cases of negative biopsy treated for clinical symptoms attributed to rejection (new arrhythmia, decreased exercise capacity). A monotonic trend between increasing T2 values and higher biopsy grades was observed: grade 0R T2 53.4 ± 3 ms, grade 1R T2 54.5 ms ± 3 ms, grade 2R T2 61.3 ± 1 ms. The five rejection cases had significantly higher mean T2 values compared to cases without rejection (58.3 ± 4 ms versus 53 ± 2 ms, p = 0.001).Conclusions:Cardiac magnetic resonance with quantitative T2 mapping may offer a non-invasive method for screening paediatric cardiac transplant patients for acute allograft rejection. More data are needed to understand the relationship between T2 and rejection in children.