bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Status and Febrile Seizures: Results from a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arul Janani , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar , Kasinathan Ananthanarayanan , Ray Lopamudhra , Krishnan Lalitha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective To estimate the serum zinc levels in children under the age of 5 years with febrile seizures and febrile children without seizures

Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2018, 40 children with febrile seizures (simple and complex) were taken as cases. Forty age- and sex-matched febrile children without convulsions were recruited as controls. Serum zinc estimates were analyzed using a spectrophotometer (Biolis 50i–Autoanalyzer).

Statistical Analysis The demographic variables and serum zinc estimates were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. The odds ratio was used to calculate the association of zinc deficiency in febrile seizures; 5% level of significance was considered.

Results The mean serum concentrations of zinc in the cases and controls were 83.8 ± 33.1 μg/dL and 116.3 ± 30.3 μg/dL, respectively (p = 0.002). Hypozincemia defined by “a serum zinc level of less than 63 μg/dL” was found in 12 (30%) cases and 2(5%) controls with an odds ratio of 8:1.

Conclusion Children with febrile seizures had significantly reduced concentrations of zinc in the serum.
Breastfeeding in COVID-19: A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Ng Yvonne Peng Mei , Low Yi Fen , Goh Xin Lei , Fok Doris , Amin Zubair 
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to perinatal and neonatal care, concentrating on minimizing risks of transmission to the newborn and health care staff while ensuring medical care is not compromised for both mother and infant. Current recommendations on infant care and feeding when mother has COVID-19 ranges from mother–infant separation and avoidance of human milk feeding, to initiation of early skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding. Health care providers fearing risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) maternal–infant transmission may veer toward restricted breastfeeding practices. We reviewed guidelines and published literature and propose three options for infant feeding depending on various scenarios. Option A involves direct breastfeeding with the infant being cared for by the mother or caregiver. In option B, the infant is cared for by another caregiver and receives mother's expressed milk. In the third option, the infant is not breastfed directly and does not receive mother's expressed milk. We recommend joint decision making by parents and the health care team. This decision is also flexible as situation changes. We also provide a framework for counseling mothers on these options using a visual aid and a corresponding structured training program for health care providers. Future research questions are also proposed. We conclude that evidence and knowledge about COVID-19 and breastfeeding are still evolving. Our options can provide a quick and flexible reference guide that can be adapted to local needs.
Key Points
Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Chinnusamy Manokaran , Viswanathan Ram Arvind , Janakiraman Sathiyanarayanan , Elayidath Roshna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug-induced lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune phenomenon where the drug exposure leads to the development of systemic lupus erythematous like clinical features. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus can be divided into systemic lupus erythematous, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous, and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematous. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old female presented with systemic lupus erythematous due to chronic use of proton pump inhibitors, which is considered to be very rare.
An improved cooling system design to enhance energy efficiency of floating photovoltaic systems
Authors: Sheikh Y. A. , Butt A. D. , Paracha K. N. , Awan A. B. , Bhatti A. R. , Zubair M. 
Published: September 2020

This work presents a lightweight and minimally invasive cooling system design with forced water cooling, which can improve photovoltaic (PV) system performance by thoroughly reducing the temperature of its solar cells. This design is an improved version of traditional PV-thermal cooling systems that are bulky and mostly limited to land-based applications. Thermal and fluid flow analyses of this system have been presented to numerically assess output efficiency improvement with a commercial solar panel. The proposed serpentine cooling block structure has been optimized to maintain module efficiency better than Standard Testing Conditions (STC) under all conditions. For a 395 W commercial solar panel, an output power improvement of up to 49.4 W (14.29%) at an irradiance level of 1000 W/m2 at an ambient temperature of 35 °C has been achieved. The corresponding water pump operation and associated losses are limited to a maximum of 8.5 W/module. The impact of cooling system performance has also been evaluated for the region of Mangla Dam Lake, Pakistan, where an annual increase in electricity output of around 9.58% is foreseen. Consequently, this work is envisioned to provide guidance on increasing the efficiency of the PV system to those who would install it near water reservoirs.
Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering
Authors: Haw David J. , Pung Rachael , Read Jonathan M. , Riley Steven 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Epidemics are typically described using a standard set of mathematical models that do not capture social interactions or the way those interactions are determined by geography. Here, we propose a model that can reflect social networks influenced strongly by the way people travel, and we show that they lead to very different epidemic profiles. This type of model will likely be useful for forecasting.
Thermoelectric response from grain boundaries and lattice distortions in crystalline gold devices
Authors: Evans Charlotte I. , Yang Rui , Gan Lucia T. , Abbasi Mahdiyeh , Wang Xifan , Traylor Rachel , Fan Jonathan A. , Natelson Douglas 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Scanning photothermoelectric measurements, using a laser spot as a moveable heat source, have revealed local information about thermoelectric response in various materials. This work applies this to examine surprising thermoelectric variation in nominally simple single crystals of gold as well as individual grain boundaries between crystals. Abrupt grain boundaries have little effect on thermoelectric response. Instead, the Seebeck response correlates with crystallographic defects and strain associated with misorientation within the single crystals, detected via electron backscatter diffraction. Annealing reduces these thermoelectric signatures, presumably via relaxation of lattice distortions. These measurements show that minor structural defects in otherwise single-crystalline materials can have readily detectable thermoelectric consequences, a result with implications for many devices and material systems.
Genome-wide variation and transcriptional changes in diverse developmental processes underlie the rapid evolution of seasonal adaptation
Authors: Dowle Edwina J. , Powell Thomas H. Q. , Doellman Meredith M. , Meyers Peter J. , Calvert McCall B. , Walden Kimberly K. O. , Robertson Hugh M. , Berlocher Stewart H. , Feder Jeffrey L. , Hahn Daniel A. , Ragland Gregory J. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceOrganisms living in seasonal environments must synchronize their growth and reproduction to favorable times of the year. Our study highlights how the timing of dormancy can rapidly evolve to synchronize insects with changes in seasonal food sources. Dormancy is often conceptualized as suspended animation or arrested development, but our results suggest slow, progressive development during dormancy, with the rate of dormancy affected by many genes. Moreover, a population that recently shifted to a food source available earlier in the year has rapidly evolved through changes in many of those same genes. This shows how complex genetics can facilitate adaptation while also leveraging a rapid shift in phenology to understand developmental regulation of dormancy, a fundamental life-history trait in seasonal environments.
Chondrules reveal large-scale outward transport of inner Solar System materials in the protoplanetary disk
Authors: Williams Curtis D. , Sanborn Matthew E. , Defouilloy Céline , Yin Qing-Zhu , Kita Noriko T. , Ebel Denton S. , Yamakawa Akane , Yamashita Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2020

Significance
We present a coordinated petrologic, mineral chemistry, and multi-isotopic investigation of individual chondrules to further elucidate the origins and formation histories of planetary materials. We show chondrules from certain meteorites that accreted in the outer Solar System contain an assortment of both inner and outer Solar System material, as well as previously unidentified material. The outward transport of inner Solar System material places important constraints on dynamical models, as outward transport in the disk was thought possible only if significant barriers (e.g., Jupiter) to radial transport of materials do not exist. We show this “barrier” is either not completely impermeable to transport of millimeter-sized materials or additional mechanisms are required to transport materials to the outer Solar System.
El Niño resilience farming on the north coast of Peru
Authors: Caramanica Ari , Huaman Mesia Luis , Morales Claudia R. , Huckleberry Gary , Castillo B. Luis Jaime , Quilter Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceDisaster management policies are aimed at system resistance: Maintaining or quickly returning to operations established during normal periods. The Peruvian approach to El Niño follows this model, but the cost of reconstruction rises with each event. Meanwhile, archaeological evidence demonstrates that El Niño events were successfully managed by prehispanic farmers, who developed resilient hybrid canal systems that utilized both river water and floodwater for agricultural production. Ancient farmers treated the El Niño phenomenon as part of the norm, and likewise accounted for floodwaters in their irrigation technology. This study calls for a conceptual shift as effective disaster management policy is developed in the context of the global climate crisis.
Targeting myostatin/activin A protects against skeletal muscle and bone loss during spaceflight
Authors: Lee Se-Jin , Lehar Adam , Meir Jessica U. , Koch Christina , Morgan Andrew , Warren Lara E. , Rydzik Renata , Youngstrom Daniel W. , Chandok Harshpreet , George Joshy , Gogain Joseph , Michaud Michael , Stoklasek Thomas A. , Liu Yewei , Germain-Lee Emily L. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Among the major health challenges for astronauts during prolonged space travel are loss of muscle mass and loss of bone mass. Here, we investigated the effects of targeting the signaling pathway mediated by the secreted signaling molecules, myostatin and activin A, in mice sent to the International Space Station. We show that targeting this signaling pathway has significant beneficial effects in protecting against both muscle and bone loss in microgravity, suggesting that this strategy may be effective in preventing or treating muscle and bone loss not only in astronauts on prolonged missions but also in people with disuse atrophy on Earth, such as in older adults or in individuals who are bedridden or wheelchair-bound from illness.
Online processing and offline judgments of L2-English articles
Authors: Cho Jacee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study examines L1-Korean speakers’ online processing and offline judgments of L2-English articles using a self-paced
task (SPRT) targeting implicit knowledge and an untimed acceptability judgment task (AJT) assessing explicit knowledge. SPRT results
indicate that L1-Korean speakers exhibited targetlike online sensitivity to (in)appropriate use of articles, which provides evidence against
the claim that L2-specific morphosyntactic structures cannot be utilized during online comprehension (Jiang, 2007). However, the same L2 speakers showed non-targetlike judgment patterns in the AJT. The discrepancy between online and
offline performance is discussed in terms of the role of task effects on L2 performance and the development of implicit and explicit
knowledge for L2 articles in the acquisition process. Methodological considerations for evaluating L2 knowledge are also discussed.
Multidimensionality, dynamicity, and complexity
Authors: Jiang Na , Wei Xiangqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the cognitive shift since the 1990s, metaphorical terms have become a recurrent theme in terminological studies. However, how they actually function in science communication has not been fully explored. The issue becomes more pressing today since the exponential expansion of knowledge has heightened our awareness of the need for new designations. And the metaphorical approach is often an economic choice. To gain more insights into the mechanism of metaphorical terms, the authors of the present study will reexamine their functional peculiarities by looking at their linguistic, cognitive and communicative facets respectively. The multidimensional functions of metaphorical terms as exemplified by those in economics are described in detail. More importantly, their dynamic functional potentialities as well as the interplay among them are further discussed.
Methodology for the standardization of terminological resources
Authors: Vezzani Federica , Di Nunzio Giorgio Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Terminology standardization reflects two different aspects involving the meaning of terms and the structure of
terminological resources. In this paper, we focus on the structural aspect of standardization and we present the work of re-modeling TriMED,
a multilingual terminological database conceived to support multi-register medical communication. In particular, we provide a general
methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural
meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its
implementation. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37
standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data
Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation.
Uniqueness to inverse acoustic scattering from coated polygonal obstacles with a single incoming wave
Authors: Hu Guang-Hui , Vashisth Manmohan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is proved that a connected polygonal obstacle coated by thin layers together with its surface impedance function can be determined uniquely from the far field pattern of a single incident plane wave. As a by-product, we prove that the wave field cannot be real-analytic on each corner point lying on the convex hull of the scatterer. Our arguments are based on the Schwarz reflection principle for the Helmholtz equation satisfying the impedance boundary condition on a flat boundary.
Multi-synchrosqueezing S-transform for fault diagnosis in rolling bearings
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxia , Wei Yanbin , Liu Jing , Jiang Haisheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rolling bearings are one of the most significant components of much large machinery, and also one of the components prone to failure. Advanced time–frequency analysis (TFA) methods can provide time–frequency (TF) graphs with more significant features that are critical for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. In this paper, we propose a new TF algorithm, called the multi-synchrosqueezing S-transform, in which an S-transform is embedded into a multi-synchrosqueezing framework, by reassigning the TF coefficients of the S-transform result in frequency multiple times to achieve the ideal TFA. Using the Rényi entropies to measure the resolution of the TFA and determine iteration, this method can get a better time–frequency representation (TFR) with fewer iterations. The results show that the algorithm can produce TFRs with higher TFR resolution while inheriting the advantages of the S-transform. Through simulation signals and field signals, the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Bimetallic Ag–Au alloy nanocubes for SERS based sensitive detection of explosive molecules
Authors: Kumar Govind , Soni R K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have fabricated Ag–Au alloy nanocubes using the galvanic replacement of silver nanocubes by aqueous HAuCl4 and investigated their morphological, structural, compositional and optical properties. The inter-diffusion between silver and gold at 100 °C leads to the formation of Ag–Au alloy nanocubes with hollow interiors. A broad tuning of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength from 624 nm to 920 nm is obtained with the varying volume of HAuCl4. When excited at wavelength 785 nm, the bimetallic Ag–Au nanocubes with pinholes exhibit two-fold Raman intensity enhancement compared to pristine Ag nanocubes. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate prepared with Ag–Au alloy nanocubes shows high-intensity enhancement factor of 1.9 × 107 for 11.2 wt% Au content. The SERS-active Ag–Au alloy nanocubes substrates were exploited for the detection of two explosive molecules; p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) and picric acid (PA). Remarkable detection sensitivity and ultra-low detection limit of 1.7 × 10–14 M for PNBA and 4.1 × 10–11 M for PA were obtained, demonstrating the very high SERS detection capabilities of the as-prepared substrate.
AC loss measurement and simulation in a REBCO coil assembly utilising low-loss magnetic flux diverters
Authors: You Shuangrong , Staines Mike , Sidorov Gennady , Miyagi Daisuke , Badcock Rodney A , Long Nicholas J , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
AC loss in high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils affects the performance of HTS devices. Using magnetic flux diverters (MFDs) is an effective way to reduce AC loss in HTS coils. In this paper, measurement and finite element method simulation of AC loss results in a REBCO coil assembly comprising four double pancake coils with two molypermalloy-powder MFDs are presented. Both experimental and numerical results show that MFDs can significantly reduce the AC loss in the REBCO coil assembly while generating negligible loss in themselves. Further, the influence of the distance between the coil assembly and the diverters on AC loss reduction is explored. Compared with the AC loss data in the coil assembly without MFDs, over 80% AC loss reduction is achieved when the distance between the coil assembly and the diverters is at its minimum value, 2 mm. The simulation results reveal that the AC loss reduction in the coil assembly is mainly due to the reduction of the radial (perpendicular) magnetic field component to the surface of REBCO wires in the end windings of the coil assembly.
Diagnosing fast ion redistribution due to sawtooth instabilities using fast ion deuterium-α spectroscopy in the mega amp spherical tokamak
Authors: Jackson A.R. , Jacobsen A.S. , McClements K.G. , Michael C.A. , Cecconello M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A comparison between fast ion measurements and sawtooth models in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) is extended to include fast ion deuterium-alpha (FIDA) data. It is concluded that FIDA data cannot be used to distinguish between three alternative models used in the plasma transport/fast particle code TRANSP/NUBEAM to simulate fast ion redistribution during sawteeth. For FIDA lines-of-sight that probe the sawtoothing region, at each sawtooth crash there is an overall drop in the emission of up to 60%. Data from passive FIDA lines-of-sight (i.e. with emission resulting from neutralisation by thermal neutrals in the plasma periphery rather than beam neutrals) show a sudden increase in the emission following sawtooth crashes. The subsequent decay in the emission in these passive channels indicates that redistributed passing fast ions are rapidly lost from the edge region, probably as a result of charge-exchange reactions with edge neutrals.
Ecological status of river networks: stream order-dependent impacts of agricultural and urban pressures across ecoregions
Authors: Büttner Olaf , Jawitz James W , Borchardt Dietrich 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Why have ecological targets for the majority of water bodies in Europe not been met despite decades of water protection programs? We hypothesize that restoration strategies have not adequately accounted for whole-river network perspectives, including interactions between stream orders, spatial patterns of pollutant sources, and ecoregion-dependent susceptibility. We used high-resolution data from Germany to identify relationships between urban wastewater-river discharge fraction (UDF), agricultural land use fraction (ALF), and ecological status by stream order across three ecoregions. Low-flow UDF values were used to reflect the strong vulnerability of low-order streams under these conditions. We found ecological status of good or better in less than 8% of all river sections with the highest proportions in low-order streams and complete disappearance at higher orders. Increasing ALF impaired the ecological status for river reaches across all stream orders. In contrast, relationships between UDF and ecological status impairment were significant only in low-order streams, independent from ecoregion. Concentrating integrative restoration efforts in low-order streams would maximize the potential to mitigate anthropogenic impacts.
The Beginning of the End
Authors: Khoshpouri Parisa , Bahar Rayeheh , Khoshpouri Pegah , Ebrahimi Amitis , Ghahramani Omid , Singh Sekhon Amardeep , Mansouri Somayeh , Choo-Foo Jade , Khosa Faisal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gender, research productivity, academic rank, and departmental leadership positions of pathology faculty in North America.

Methods
The online information presented for the faculty members in all American- and Canadian-accredited pathology residency programs’ official websites and Elsevier’s SCOPUS were queried to assess research productivity, academic ranks, and leadership positions.

Results
Among 5,228 academic pathologists included in our study, there were 3,122 (59.7%) males and 2,106 (40.3%) females. Male faculty held higher academic ranks (being professor) and leadership positions (chair/program director) (P &lt; .0001). Males were more likely to hold combined MD-PhD degrees (P &lt; .0001) than females. The median h-index for the male faculty was 17 vs 9 for the female faculty (P = .023).

Conclusions
Gender has a significant influence on leadership positions, academic ranks, and research productivity among pathology faculty members in North America.