bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confined Synthesis of N, P Co–Doped 3D Hierarchical Carbons as High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Chen Siru , Cui Ming , Yin Zehao , Zeng Qi , Cao Zhenyu , Xiong Jiabin , Mi Liwei , Li Yanqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with hierarchical pore structures, high specific surface area and multiple heteroatoms doping is very attractive due to the rapid mass transport and abundant active sites. In this work, we reported a facile confined strategy to prepare N, P co‐doped hierarchical porous carbon (NPHC) and investigated their catalytic performance for ORR. The strategy greatly simplifies the synthesis procedure of 3D hierarchical carbon templated by SiO2, which can utilize small organic molecules as carbon sources and avoids the pre‐polymerization and post‐washing process. Moreover, this strategy can be readily extended to synthesis other carbons by simply changing the carbon sources and heteroatom sources, or to synthesize metal compounds/carbon composites by adding metal sources during the synthesis process for energy conversion and storage.
Synthetic Tigliane Intermediates Engage Thiols to Induce Potent Cell Line Selective Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Chow Sharon , Krainz Tanja , Bettencourt Christian J. , Broit Natasa , Ferguson Blake , Zhu Mingzhao , Hull Kenneth G. , Pierens Gregory K. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Parsons Peter G. , Romo Daniel , Boyle Glen M. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tigliane ring system, which encompasses iconic members such as phorbol and TPA, is widely renowned due to numerous observations of displaying potent biological activity, and subsequent use as mainstream biochemical tools. Traditionally, naturally occurring phorboids are regarded as tumor promotors through PKC activation, although in recent times more highly oxidized natural derivatives have been identified as anti‐tumor agents. In the view that only limited synthetic investigations toward skeletal stereochemical modification have been undertaken, non‐natural systems could be useful for a better understanding of the tigliane pharmacophore via interrogation of cellular sensitivity. In this context the concise construction of a number of highly functionalized non‐natural D‐ring inverted phorbol esters were synthesized, via a rhodium‐catalyzed [4+3] cycloaddition, and biologically evaluated using a range of cancer cell lines. The biological results highlight the notion that subtle changes in structure have dramatic effects on potency. Furthermore, although the non‐natural derivatives did not outcompete the natural systems in the PKC‐activation sensitive MCF7 cancer cell line, they outperformed in other cancer cell lines (MM96L and CAL27). This observation strongly suggested an alternate mode of action not involving activation of PKC, but instead involves thiol addition as indicated by glutathione addition and NF‐κB reporter activity.
Transition Metal‐Promoted Reactions in Aqueous Media and Biological Settings
Authors: Destito Paolo , Vidal Cristian , López Fernando , Mascareñas José L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the last decade, there has been a tremendous interest for developing non‐natural biocompatible transformations in biologically relevant media. Among the different encountered strategies, the use of transition metal complexes offers unique possibilities due to their high transformative power. However, translating the potential of metal catalysts to biological settings, including living cells or small‐animal models such as mice or zebrafish, poses numerous challenges associated to their biocompatibility, and their stability and reactivity in crowded aqueous environments. Herein, we describe the most relevant advances in this direction, with a particular emphasis on the systems’ structure, their mode of action and the mechanistic bases of each transformation. Thus, the key challenges from an organometallic perspective might be more easily identified.
CO‐Induced Dinitrogen Fixation and Cleavage Mediated by Boron
Authors: Deng Guohai , Pan Sudip , Dong Xuelin , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe boron atoms react with carbon monoxide and dinitrogen forming the end‐on bonded NNBCO complex in solid neon or in nitrogen matrices. The NNBCO complex rearranges to the (η2‐N2)BCO isomer with a more activated side‐on bonded dinitrogen ligand upon visible light excitation. (η2‐N2)BCO and its weakly CO‐coordinated complexes further isomerize to the NBNCO and B(NCO)2molecules with N−N bond being completely cleaved under UV light irradiation. The geometries, energies and vibrational spectra of the molecules are calculated with quantum chemical methods and the electronic structures are analyzed with charge‐ and energy‐partitioning methods.
Insights into the prognosis of lipidomic dysregulation for death risk in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Qin Min , Zhu Qian , Lai Weihua , Ma Qilin , Liu Chen , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Yuelin , Wang Zixian , Chen Hui , Yan Hong , Lei Heping , Zhang Shuyao , Dong Xuekui , Wang Hong , Huang Min , Lian Qizhou , Zhong Shilong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDyslipidaemia contributes to the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) toward adverse outcomes. Plasma lipidomic measure may improve the prognostic performances of clinical endpoints of CAD. Our research is designed to identify the correlations between plasma lipid species and the risks of death, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with CAD.MethodsA total of 1569 Chinese patients with CAD, 1011 single‐centre patients as internal training cohort, and 558 multicentre patients as external validation cohort, were enrolled. The concentration of plasma lipids in both cohorts was determined through widely targeted lipidomic profiling. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox and multivariate Cox regressions were used to develop prognostic models for death and MACE, respectively.ResultsTen (Cer(d18:1/20:1), Cer(d18:1/24:1), PE(30:2), PE(32:0), PE(32:2), PC(O‐38:2), PC(O‐36:4), PC(16:1/22:2), LPC(18:2/0:0) and LPE(0:0/24:6)) and two (Cer(d18:1/20:1) and LPC(20:0/0:0)) lipid species were independently related to death and MACE, respectively. Cer(d18:1/20:1) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) were correlated with LV remodeling (P < .05). The lipidic panel incorporating 10 lipid species and two traditional biomarkers for predicting 5‐year death risk represented a remarkable higher discrimination than traditional model with increased area under the curve from 76.56 to 83.65%, continuous NRI of 0.634 and IDI of 0.131. Furthermore, the panel was successfully used in differentiating multicentre patients with low, middle, or high risks (P < .0001). Further analysis indicated that the number of double bonds of phosphatidyl choline and the content of carbon atoms of phosphatidyl ethanolamines were negatively associated with death risk.ConclusionsImprovement in the prediction of death confirms the effectiveness of plasma lipids as predictors to risk classification in patients with CAD. The association between the structural characteristics of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and death risk highlights the need for mechanistic research that characterizes the role of individual lipid species in disease pathogenesis.
Redesign your in‐person course for online: Creating connections and promoting engagement for better learning
Authors: Theodosiou Nicole A. , Corbin Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis spring, instructors moved their courses online in an emergency fashion as campuses were closed due to the pandemic. As colleges prepare for the next academic year, there is a need to provide flexible instruction that is more intentional for quality online learning. We taught two undergraduate courses online for the first time this spring and surveyed our students’ reactions to the course experiences. From our experiences and student feedback, we identified design elements and activities that were beneficial in promoting student engagement, sense of connectivity, and learning. We describe four qualities for a successful transition to online learning: (a) big questions and core concepts; (b) peer groups including reflective writing; (c) outreach to broader scientific community; and (d) instructor's social presence in the class. Our experience gives us confidence that courses can be redesigned for online without compromising rigor or essential learning goals.
Signaler–receiver–eavesdropper: Risks and rewards of variation in the dominant frequency of male cricket calls
Authors: Dobbs Olivia L. , Talavera Janelle B. , Rossi Sarina M. , Menjivar Stephanie , Gray David A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSignals are important for communication and mating, and while they can benefit an individual, they can also be costly and dangerous. Male field crickets call in order to attract female crickets, but gravid females of a parasitoid fly species, Ormia ochracea, are also attracted to the call and use it to pinpoint male cricket hosts. Conspicuousness of the call can vary with frequency, amplitude, and temporal features. Previous work with this system has only considered temporal variation in cricket calls, both large scale, that is, amount of calling and at what time of evening, and small scale, that is, aspects of chirp rate, pulse rate, and numbers of pulses per chirp. Because auditory perception in both crickets and flies relies on the matching of the peak frequency of the call with the peripheral sensory system, peak frequency may be subject to selection both from female crickets and from female flies. Here, we used field playbacks of four different versions of the same male Gryllus lineaticeps calling song that only differed in peak frequency (3.3, 4.3, 5.3, and 6.3 kHz) to test the relative attractiveness of the calls to female crickets and female flies. Our results clearly show that lower frequency calls enhance male safety from fly parasitism, but that the enhanced safety would come at a cost of reduced attraction of female crickets as potential mates. The results imply that eavesdropper pressure can disrupt the matched coevolution of signalers and receivers such that the common concept of matched male–female signaler–receiver coevolution may actually be better described as male–female–predator signaler–receiver–eavesdropper coevolution.
Seismic performance assessment of a multispan continuous isolated highway bridge with superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced piers and restraining devices
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang Jing‐quan , Alam M. Shahria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analytically determine the effectiveness of a novel bridge system with superelastic (SE) shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced concrete piers. The bridge is also equipped with SE SMA cable restrainers to prevent the bridge spans from a large displacement that can potentially cause span unseating. In the concrete bridge piers, the conventional steel reinforcements in the plastic hinge regions are replaced with SE SMA rebar to avoid large plastic deformation and improve its self‐centering capacity. A typical three‐span continuous highway bridge is modeled with SMA‐reinforced piers and SMA restrainers. Numerical simulations of the bridge are conducted under destructive near‐fault ground motions. The seismic responses and fragility curves of the novel bridge (Bridge IV) are assessed and compared with the reference bridge (Bridge I), the bridge with only SMA‐reinforced piers (Bridge II), and the bridge with only SMA restrainers (Bridge III). The results revealed that the SMA‐reinforced pier can successfully reduce the residual deformation and damage probability of the bridge; however, the bridge with only SMA‐reinforced piers is less efficient in preventing a large displacement. The use of SMA restrainers can efficiently limit the displacement of the bridge spans but increase the damage probability of the bridge piers. The proposed novel bridge having SMA‐reinforced piers equipped with SMA restrainers (Bridge IV) is more efficient than the bridge with only SMA‐reinforced piers (Bridge II)) or the bridge with only SMA restrainers (Bridge III).
TWO‐SIGMA: A novel two‐component single cell model‐based association method for single‐cell RNA‐seq data
Authors: Van Buren Eric , Hu Ming , Weng Chen , Jin Fulai , Li Yan , Wu Di , Li Yun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop TWO‐SIGMA, a TWO‐component SInGle cell Model‐based Association method for differential expression (DE) analyses in single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) data. The first component models the probability of “drop‐out” with a mixed‐effects logistic regression model and the second component models the (conditional) mean expression with a mixed‐effects negative binomial regression model. TWO‐SIGMA is extremely flexible in that it: (i) does not require a log‐transformation of the outcome, (ii) allows for overdispersed and zero‐inflated counts, (iii) accommodates a correlation structure between cells from the same individual via random effect terms, (iv) can analyze unbalanced designs (in which the number of cells does not need to be identical for all samples), (v) can control for additional sample‐level and cell‐level covariates including batch effects, (vi) provides interpretable effect size estimates, and (vii) enables general tests of DE beyond two‐group comparisons. To our knowledge, TWO‐SIGMA is the only method for analyzing scRNA‐seq data that can simultaneously accomplish each of these features. Simulations studies show that TWO‐SIGMA outperforms alternative regression‐based approaches in both type‐I error control and power enhancement when the data contains even moderate within‐sample correlation. A real data analysis using pancreas islet single‐cells exhibits the flexibility of TWO‐SIGMA and demonstrates that incorrectly failing to include random effect terms can have dramatic impacts on scientific conclusions. TWO‐SIGMA is implemented in the R package twosigma available at https://github.com/edvanburen/twosigma.
Epidemiologic factors in patients with advanced head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Brennan Michael T. , Treister Nathaniel S. , Sollecito Thomas P. , Schmidt Brian L. , Patton Lauren L. , Yang Yi , Lin Alexander , Elting Linda S. , Hodges James S. , Lalla Rajesh V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 50% of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) initially were seen with advanced disease. We aimed to evaluate the association of epidemiologic factors with advanced HNC at diagnosis.MethodsThe OraRad multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled HNC patients receiving curative‐intent radiation therapy. Factors assessed for association with advanced HNC presentation at diagnosis included demographics, social and medical history, cancer characteristics, human papilloma virus (HPV) status, and dental disease measures.ResultsWe enrolled 572 participants; 77% male and mean (SD) age of 61.7 (11.2) years. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (88% HPV‐related) were seen with smaller tumors, but more frequent nodal involvement. Private medical insurance and no Medicaid were associated with smaller tumors. A higher dental disease burden was associated with larger tumors.ConclusionsInsurance status, cancer type/location, and dental disease are associated with advanced HNC and may represent potentially modifiable factors or factors to be considered in the screening process of new lesions.
Rapid recurrence in head and neck cancer: Underappreciated problem with poor outcome
Authors: Lee Douglas Y. , Abraham Jesty , Ross Eric , Ridge John A. , Lango Miriam N. , Liu Jeffrey C. , Bauman Jessica R. , Avkshtol Vladimir , Galloway Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRapid recurrence, defined as gross tumor recurrence after primary operation but prior to initiating postoperative radiation therapy (PORT), is underappreciated in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsCT simulation images in patients with HNC managed surgically with adjuvant therapy at a single center between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 194 patients with HNC were included. Rapid recurrence occurred in 39 patients (20%) with a median time from operation to CT simulation of 37 days. On multivariable analysis (MVA), extranodal extension (ENE) was the only predictor of rapid recurrence (P = .03). While rapid recurrence, ENE, and perineural invasion were all associated with poor overall survival (OS) on MVA, rapid recurrence was the strongest predictor (hazard ratio [HR] 5.47).ConclusionRapid recurrence occurs at an underappreciated rate and is associated with poor survival outcomes. Patients with ENE are at highest risk and may benefit from diagnostic imaging evaluations immediately prior to PORT.
Cervical cancer in low‐income countries: A Bangladeshi perspective
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Razuanul , Haque Effi , Karim M. Rezaul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 70% of cases involving infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 50 million Bangladeshi women are at risk of developing cervical cancer, and 17 686 new cases and 10 362 deaths occur annually. If diagnosed at the precursor stage, however, cervical cancer is a condition that can be successfully treated. As a result, screening programs are necessary to identify the disease before it progresses to invasive cancer. In the present review, we discuss the overall situation of cervical cancer in Bangladesh, summarizing the sociodemographic status of affected women, associated risk factors, screening approaches, and treatment options. We emphasize the potential of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a cost‐effective screening approach for detecting cervical lesions among poor women in the community. In a resource‐limited country such as Bangladesh, VIA may represent an ideal model to build an effective awareness campaign through urban and rural hospitals, community‐based clinics, and other health facilities available in industry.
Teriparatide Did Not Increase Adult Osteosarcoma Incidence in a 15-Year US Postmarketing Surveillance Study
Authors: Gilsenan Alicia , Midkiff Kirk , Harris David , Kellier-Steele Nicole , McSorley David , Andrews Elizabeth B 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The Osteosarcoma Surveillance Study was initiated in the United States in 2003 to monitor for a potential association between the osteoporosis treatment teriparatide and osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma occurs at a background incidence rate of approximately 2.5 cases per million per year in US adults aged 40 years or older. For this study, incident cases of osteosarcoma diagnosed between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, were identified through participating cancer registries in the United States. Information on prior exposure to medications and possible risk factors was obtained by self-report (or proxy report) in telephone interviews. Exposure information was verified through medical record abstraction for a sample of patients. A standardized incidence ratio was estimated to compare the observed and expected numbers of osteosarcoma patients with a prior history of teriparatide treatment. Interviews were completed for 24% (1173) of patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma between 2003 and 2016; three reports of teriparatide use before diagnosis were identified. Based on the background incidence rate, the expected number of osteosarcoma cases among patients treated with teriparatide was 4.17. Given the three observed cases, the standardized incidence ratio was 0.72 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 1.86). Demographic characteristics were similar for interviewed and noninterviewed patients. Agreement was &gt;90% between self-reported and chart-recorded exposure to osteoporosis medications. Mean age of interviewed patients was 61 years; 53% of patients were male, 84% were white, and 5% were Hispanic. The prevalence of suspected risk factors for development of osteosarcoma among the osteosarcoma cohort was 19% for history of radiation and 4% for history of Paget's disease of bone. These findings showed that the incidence of osteosarcoma associated with teriparatide use during the 15-year surveillance period was no different than would be expected based on the background incidence rate of osteosarcoma. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Neuroprotective role of chrysin‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticle against kindling‐induced epilepsy through Nrf2/ARE/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhao Jing , Afzal Obaid , Kazmi Imran , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. , Altamimi Abdulmalik S. A. , Yang Zhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChrysin is the major bioactive compound of blue passionflower, an important medicinal plant used in traditional herbal formulations since ancient times. In the present study, we report that chrysin nanoparticles (chrysin NPs) protect Wistar rats against kindling‐induced epilepsy. Nanoparticles of sizes less than 150 nm with a spherical shape were prepared using poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and polyvinyl alcohol, respectively, as polymer and stabilizer. Rats were injected with subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day, with 22 injections in total, and on the same days, they received protective doses of the chrysin NPs (5 and 10 µg/mL, PO), respectively, 45 min before each PTZ injection. After the last PTZ injection, an average of thirteen seizure scores was recorded. Animals were killed by decapitation 24 h after a seizure. The cortex and hippocampus were removed and stored in liquid nitrogen for determining oxidative stress terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assay, histopathology, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA expression. The result showed chrysin NPs treatment has counteracted oxidative stress, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of chrysin NPs against kindling‐induced epilepsy might be escorted by the alleviation of oxidative stress through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element/HO‐1 pathway signal pathway.