bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Lung Ultrasound Pattern Changes: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Krawczyk Paweł , Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Szczeklik Wojciech , Andres Janusz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

General anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation are associated with perioperative pulmonary complications. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a method used to evaluate lung parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LUS patterns in a cohort of women undergoing gynecological surgery with uncomplicated general anesthesia.
Methods

Patients were assessed according to the 8-zone LUS assessment protocol used to detect lung sliding, A-lines, B-lines, interstitial syndrome and lung consolidation. Each patient was screened at specific time intervals: before induction of anesthesia, at induction, 30 and 60 minutes after induction and within two hours after recovery.
Results

A total of 99 patients undergoing gynecological surgery with uneventful anesthesia from November 2017 to November 2018 were included in this study. A total of 426 LUS records were retained for further analysis. Overall, no significant changes to patients’ A-line appearance were detected, regardless of the time of assessment. There was, however, an increase in the number of B-lines at the screening times of 30 and 60 minutes after induction, as compared to initial assessments (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001 respectively), and an increase in the number of positive regions (≥ 3 B-lines) at 30 and 60 minutes after induction and after recovery, as compared to initial assessment ( P < 0.001; P < 0.001 and P = 0.001 respectively).
Conclusions

An uneventful anesthesia may predispose to abnormal LUS findings and should be considered while interpreting of LUS results in cases with perioperative pulmonary complications.
Larval Metal Pollutant Exposure Alters the Epigenetic Architecture of the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Jeanrenaud Alexander C.S.N. , Brooke Basil D. , Oliver Shune 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnopheles arabiensis (a member of the An. gambiae species complex) is a major vector of malaria. These mosquitoes typically breed in clean bodies of water, but can also utilise polluted waters. Although this expands their breeding range, adaptation to breeding in polluted waters necessitates coping with a large amount of environmental stress in the form of exposure to heavy metal pollutants. Environmental stress can induce heritable changes to an organism without altering the basal genetic code. This occurs by rapid changes in the regulatory elements associated with nucleic acids that result in changes in patterns of gene expression and silencing. This is known as epigenetic regulation. There is currently little information on epigenetic regulation in An. arabiensis. The aim of this study was to examine whether exposure to metal pollutants at the larval stage induced alterations of epigenetic markers resulting in phenotypic changes in insecticide susceptible and resistant laboratory strains of An. arabiensis. ResultsThere was a marked difference in the phenotypic response in adult mosquitoes of the insecticide susceptible strain compared to that of its’ resistant counterpart. The susceptible strain showed reduced fertility and fecundity in response to epigenetic manipulation. For males and females of the resistant strain, exposure to nucleic acid modifying drugs typically increased their tolerance to insecticides. In the insecticide susceptible strain, regulatory signals associated with gene silencing were increased, while those associated with gene expression were reduced in response to heavy metal exposure. By contrast, the insecticide resistant strain showed a decrease in signatures associated with gene silencing as well as an increase in signatures associate with chromatin remodelling. ConclusionsLarval exposure to heavy metal contaminants can result in heritable changes in gene expression. These data suggest that exposure to the same pollutants can result in different biological outcomes in insecticide susceptible and resistant adult An. arabiensis, and that these changes are reflected in their respective global? epigenetic signatures.
SOLUÇÃO PARALELA PARA O PROCESSAMENTO DE IMAGENS TRIDIMENSIONAIS DE ARGAMASSA LEVE
Authors: Iglesias Susana Marrero , Silva Mendonça Rodrigo , Valero Orellana Esbel Tomás , Sanchez Dominguez Dany 
Published: July 2020

O uso de técnicas de análise de imagens tridimensionais obtidas a partir de microtomografia computadorizada, é um recurso importante para a caracterização de materiais usados na construção civil. Não entanto, a aplicação destas técnicas é dificultada pelo tempo de processamento e pela grande quantidade de memória necessária para armazenamento e caracterização das mesmas, principal desvantagem da análise 3D. Neste artigo apresentamos um conjunto de algoritmos com diferentes abordagens desenvolvidos para extrair parâmetros que permitam a caraterização do material, de forma eficiente e escaláveis visando permitir o processamento de grandes volumes de informação em um tempo razoável. Para o processamento das imagens foram utilizadas abordagens de uma e duas passagens, modificadas para trabalhar com imagens tridimensionais. Foi introduzido também técnicas de processamento paralelo em arquitetura de memória distribuída, com o uso de troca de mensagens baseada em MPI, visando aumentar a capacidade e a velocidade de processamento. As diversas implementações foram avaliadas em termos da qualidade dos resultados, do tempo de processamento e do uso de memória, com ajuda das métricas apropriadas. Os algoritmos mostraram resultados satisfatórios na extração dos parâmetros. A implementação UFMIX mostrou capacidade para processar grandes volumes de informação (grandes imagens 3D), tendo limitações no desempenho devido, fundamentalmente, à velocidade de I/O. As implementações paralelas de RGX_PV e UFX_PV mostraram-se mais indicados para conjuntos maiores de imagens, com destaque UFX_PV que apresentou uma maior eficiência em todos os casos. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade de realizar a análise tridimensional de imagens tomográficas de grande porte com estes algoritmos.
ANÁLISE DA ESTABILIDADE NUMÉRICA NA SOLUÇÃO DA EQUAÇÃO DA CONDUÇÃO DE CALOR PELO MÉTODO DE DIFERENÇAS FINITAS
Authors: Zancanaro Júnior Flavio Vanderlei , Cisco Lenon Audibert , Rangel Nicolas Luca Suppi Vinhas , Mendes Tallis Fernando , Gomes Ronald Antunes 
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho analisou-se o comportamento da estabilidade numérica das soluções obtidas com o emprego do método de diferenças finitas, considerando a distribuição de temperatura em um domínio unidimensional (1D). O método de diferenças centrais e o esquema temporal explícito foram empregados para discretizações no espaço e no tempo, respectivamente. Os valores obtidos são para três números de Fourier (?Fo) 0,25, 0,5 e 0,6 e uma malha de 51 pontos igualmente espaçados. O problema de condução de calor é resolvido para uma barra de aço carbono, considerando condições de contorno de temperaturas e fluxos prescritas. Além disso, destaca-se a existência de um termo fonte. Com a análise dos resultados, verificou-se que para valores de ?Fo entre 0,25 e 0,5, mantendo o critério de estabilidade a solução é estável e convergente e os resultados dos campos de temperatura são próximos. Por outro lado, para valores de ?Fo ligeiramente superiores ao limite, verificou-se que a solução oscila e desestabiliza.
Three decades of oxygen transfer tests in clean water in a pilot scale test tank with fine-bubble diffusers and the resulting conclusions for WWTP operation
Authors: Behnisch J. , Schwarz M. , Wagner M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We summarized the experience from three decades of oxygen transfer testing and aeration research at the Technical University of Darmstadt to validate the oxygen transfer efficiency of modern fine-bubble diffusers. A total of 306 oxygen transfer tests in clean water of 65 different fine-bubble diffusers, carried out in the same test tank under identical test conditions, were analysed and compared with previous results. As a result, we could show that the performance of fine-bubble aeration systems has increased by 17% over the last three decades. Therefore, modern well-designed and operated aeration systems can achieve specific standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SSOTE) values between 8.5 and 9.8% · m−1. Additionally, a comparison of various diffuser types and diffuser densities was done. Based on the new results, an exemplary cost/benefit analysis for a 100,000 PE WWTP shows the calculation of an optimized diffuser density with respect to investment and operating costs.
Effective lead removal from aqueous solutions using cellulose nanofibers obtained from water hyacinth
Authors: Ramos-Vargas Sarai , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones José , Cortés-Martínez Raúl 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using cellulose nanofibers (NFC) and crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) was studied. These adsorbents were obtained from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) by the Kraft process. Characterization was carried out to NFC and CNC by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing excellent structural properties and high availability of surface functional groups. The influence of different parameters on the adsorption process was evaluated through batch-type adsorption experiments. The results showed effective lead removal reaching adsorption equilibrium at 180 min. Isotherms results showed maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of 80.02, 84.64, and 87.10 mg/g for NFC at 25, 30 and 45 °C, respectively. Results of Pb(II) adsorption isotherms by CNC showed a Qmax of 17.90, 28.20, and 30.36 mg/g at 25, 30 and 45 °C, respectively. Isotherm data were best described by the Langmuir–Freundlich model for NFC, and the Freundlich model best-described CNC isotherm. Lead adsorption mechanisms were different for both biosorbents. The thermodynamic parameters of the process were calculated. Endothermic reactions were observed for both materials. NFC and CNC materials have great potential as biosorbents for the removal of lead ions from water.
A Phospholipase-A Activity in Soluble Leishmania Antigens Causes Instability of Liposomes
Authors: Chavoshian Omid , Arabsalmani Mahdieh , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Khamesipour Ali , Abbasi Azam , Saberi Zahra , Badiee Ali 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the existence of phospholipase-A (PLA) activity in
Soluble L. major Antigens (SLA) because of no reports for it so far. Liposomes were used as sensors to
evaluate PLA activity.

Objective:
Liposomal SLA consisting of Egg Phosphatidylcholine (EPC) or Sphingomyelin (SM) were
prepared by two different methods in different pH or temperatures and characterized by Dynamic Light
Scattering (DLS) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).

Methods:
Lipid hydrolysis led to the disruption of EPC liposomal SLA in both methods but the Film
Method (FM) produced more stable liposomes than the Detergent Removal Method (DRM).

Results:
The preparation of EPC liposomal SLA at pH 6 via FM protected liposomes from hydrolysis to
some extent for a short time. EPC liposomes but not SM liposomes were disrupted in the presence of SLA.

Conclusion:
Therefore, a phospholipid without ester bond such as SM should be utilized in liposome
formulations containing PLA as an encapsulating protein.
Synthesis and Characterization of Quinoline-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of the ATM Kinase
Authors: Ravi Srimadhavi , Barui Sugata , Kirubakaran Sivapriya , Duhan Parul , Bhowmik Kaushik 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The importance of inhibiting the kinases of the DDR pathway for radiosensitizing
cancer cells is well established. Cancer cells exploit these kinases for their survival, which leads to
the development of resistance towards DNA damaging therapeutics.

Objective:
In this article, the focus is on targeting the key mediator of the DDR pathway, the ATM
kinase. A new set of quinoline-3-carboxamides, as potential inhibitors of ATM, is reported.

Methods:
Quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity assay was performed
to analyze the effect of molecules on different cancer cell lines like HCT116, MDA-MB-468, and
MDA-MB-231.

Results:
Three of the synthesized compounds showed promising cytotoxicity towards a selected set of
cancer cell lines. Western Blot analysis was also performed by pre-treating the cells with quercetin, a
known ATM upregulator, by causing DNA double-strand breaks. SAR studies suggested the importance
of the electron-donating nature of the R group for the molecule to be toxic. Finally, Western-Blot analysis
confirmed the down-regulation of ATM in the cells. Additionally, the PTEN negative cell line,
MDA-MB-468, was more sensitive towards the compounds in comparison with the PTEN positive cell
line, MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity studies against 293T cells showed that the compounds were at least
three times less toxic when compared with HCT116.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, these experiments will lay the groundwork for the evolution of potent and
selective ATM inhibitors for the radio- and chemo-sensitization of cancer cells.
In Silico Anticancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Modeling of Flavonoids against Various Cancer Targets
Authors: James Jainey Puthenveettil , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Abhishek , Bhat Katte Ishwar , Shastry Chakrakodi Shashidhara 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Designing and development of molecules for cancer treatment useful and
with no side effects are a big challenge for the researchers in the field of drug discovery. The use of
phytochemicals for chemoprevention is gaining more advantages, and intake of flavonoids has
proved to reduce the occurrence of various cancers.

Objectives:
The present study was focused on selecting eight flavonoids and study them by in silico
methods to analyse the interactions, affinity and pharmacophoric features that participate in the interactions
between the flavonoid and the active sites of different cancer targets.

Methods:
The cancer targets were downloaded from the protein data bank, and flavonoids from
PubChem and were docked by Glide XP molecular docking method to find the molecular interactions.
The binding energy was calculated by Prime MM-GBSA application and ADMET analysis by
Qikprop of Schrodinger. The anticancer potential of flavonoids screening was based on an online
tool, Pass predictor. Phase module was used to find the common pharmacophore features that participate
in essential interactions between the flavonoid and the active site.

Results:
In this study, myricetin has proved to be the best flavonoid for the treatment of breast and
lung cancer with docking score of -11.50 kcal/mol and -10.56 kcal/mol respectively, whereas, quercetin
has proved to be the best for prostate and colorectal cancer with docking score of -14.18
kcal/mol and -12.94 kcal/mol, respectively. The responsible forces for the interaction of these flavonoids
are hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interactions, polar and pi-pi stackings. The PASS tool predicted
the anticancer potential for the flavonoids, in particular, myricetin had responded highly active for most
cancer cells. The hypothesis AADRR_1 has the highest survival score, which indicates the best alignment
of the active ligands and represents the best pharmacophore model for anticancer activity.

Conclusion:
This work has screened eight flavonoids against various cancer targets and shown the
binding interactions between them, stating that myricetin is the suitable lead candidate for breast and
lung cancer; whereas, quercetin is the best lead for prostate and colorectal cancer. And these data are
about the results obtained from PASS predictor. Moreover, the pharmacophore model has generated
for the flavonoids, which correlate activities with the spatial arrangement of various chemical features.
Therefore, this investigation strongly suggests that these flavonoids can be used as leads as
anticancer agents.
A Computational Molecular Docking Studies on the Tryparedoxin Peroxidase of Leishmania donovani Responsible for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human
Authors: Bhowmik Sagar , Samrat Sk. Mohiuddin , Akhter Md. Shamim 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Hydroperoxide metabolism involving trypanothione, key for the survival of Leishmania,
is a validated target for rational drug design. In this study, we aim in silico drug design by targeting
tryparedoxin peroxidase (2-Cysperoxiredoxin type) from Leishmania donovani (LdTXNPx) using
clioquinol, nelfinavir, and strychnobiflavone as mother compound. Clioquinol, nelfinavir are known
for their anti-leishmanial activity and strychnobiflavone showed antileishmanial activity against
Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum amastigotes and promastigotes recently.

Background:
Visceral leishmaniasis, the most lethal form of Leishmaniasis, is caused by
Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent and East Africa. Current therapeutics for the disease
is associated with a risk of high toxicity and development of drug-resistant strains. Thus, the
discovery of potential targets, successful inhibitors, and improved drug distribution mechanisms for
leishmaniasis diagnosis has become a focus.

Methods:
On this basis, we constructed protein structure using homology modeling, molecular
docking of protein with potential drug candidates, interaction analysis and pharmacophore analysis
conducted in this study.

Results:
We have revealed two compounds i.e. Nelfinavir mesylate and strychnobiflavone, which
have desired characteristics in the future drugs for Visceral leishmaniasis.

Conclusion:
Consistently in the future, we will ratify the efficacy of these compounds, essential
animal and clinical trials are needed to be performed. We believe that our present study will help to
find efficient and effective therapy for treating Visceral leishmaniasis in humans.
Research Progress on Secondary Metabolites from the Ascidians of Aplidium Genus
Authors: Han Qing-Hua , Tian Xiao-Qing , Zhao Shu-Ming , Lu Ya-Nan , Fan Cheng-Qi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Ascidians (tunicates) are widely recognized as one of the most prolific producers of bioactive
natural products in the marine environment. This present study reviewed the chemical diversity
of marine ascidians from the Aplidium genus and their pharmacological applications since Jan 2005.
The resources of this genus from China Seas, including the changes of their names in the family Polydinidae
were also summarized in this paper. In addition, a concise outlook on their chemical and
pharmaceutical investigation is made to support further development.
Voltammetric Determination of Diazepam on Antimony Film Screen- Printed Electrode in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Antunović Vesna , Baošić Rada , Lolić Aleksandar 
Published: July 2020

Background:Diazepam belongs to the group of 1,4-benzodiapines. It is used for the treatment of anxiety, convulsions and as muscle relaxants. The presence of a 4,5-azomethine group enables its electrochemical detection.Introduction:A screen-printed electrode modified with antimony film was used for the determination of diazepam in pharmaceutical preparationsMethods:Electrode modification was done by ex-situ deposition of antimony on a commercially available screen-printed electrode. Parameters affecting the electroanalytical response of the sensor, such as deposition potential, deposition time, and antimony concentration, were examined and optimized. The modified electrode showed enhanced electroactivity for diazepam reduction compared to the unmodified electrode. Under optimal conditions, linear sweep voltammetry was used for the determination of the analyte.Results:The sensor showed linear dependence in the range from 0.5 to 10 μmol/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9992. The limit of detection was 0.33 μmol/L, corresponding limit of quantification was 1.08 μmol/L. Modification enabled determination of diazepam in the presence of oxygen.Conclusion:The modified electrode was used for the determination of diazepam in tablets. Results confirmed the applicability of the electrochemical sensor.
Recent Designs on Resin Containers of Photocuring 3D Printer
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Ji Xuhui 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Photocuring 3D printing is a highly efficient additive manufacturing technology
for machining complex object geometries. Resin container, a core component of photocuring 3D
printer, plays a significant role in solving the problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling
method and membrane pressure during the curing process. Thus, the resin container has been paid great
attention to optimize the curing process.

Objective:
To offer some new designs of resin container which contribute to solve problems about resin
supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure. Provide the reader with a new
idea that the function of resin containers cannot be ignored during 3d printing. Moreover, stimulate the
reader's thoughts about how can designs of resin containers be further improved.

Methods:
This paper sketches out the strengths and weaknesses of these designs of resin containers
with a more critical eye. And show their similarities and differences in a more concise form.

Results:
The strengths and weaknesses of these designs of resin containers in photocuring 3D printing
are summarized. There is no doubt that a suitable resin container contributes to solve the problems
about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure. It helps to stimulate
the reader's thoughts on the selection of resin containers for printing optimization.

Conclusion:
Researchers should pay more attention to the new designs of resin containers which are
easy to be ignored but have great significance. Some new resin containers will be invented to solve
problems about resin supply, temperature control, peeling method and membrane pressure during the
curing process.
Research Development of End Traction Shoulder Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Chen Houjun , Huang Dongcheng , Guo Yafeng , Tang Dedong , Wu Dianhao 
Published: July 2020

Background:
With the rapid growth of the elderly population, the phenomenon of shoulder
subluxation caused by stroke is increasing. For young people, frozen shoulders caused by works and
shoulder fractures caused by accidents are also increasing. With the development and popularization of
rehabilitation medicine, more and more people realize that rehabilitation and treatment are equally important.
Therefore, more and more shoulder rehabilitation devices are designed.

Objective:
To provide an overview of the end traction shoulder rehabilitation device and introduce their
classification, characteristics and development.

Methods:
This paper reviewed various productions and patents related to the end traction shoulder rehabilitation
device. The structural characteristics, differentiations, applications of the end traction rehabilitation
device are also introduced.

Results:
By analyzing the physiological structure and movement characteristics of the shoulder, the
rehabilitation mechanism is understood. According to the usage and training track of the end traction
shoulder rehabilitation device, it is classified and compared, and the typical characteristics are concluded.
The main problems in its development are analyzed and studied. The current and future research
of the productions and patents on it are discussed.

Conclusion:
As a single joint rehabilitation device, the rehabilitation goal of the end traction shoulder
rehabilitation device is clearer. Through analysis of existing patents, it is found that the safety, the rehabilitation
effect and the rehabilitation program of device need to be further improved. In the future, in
order to better serve patients, technologies such as human-machine interaction and rehabilitation process
monitoring are also essential.