bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D assessment and precision of clinical referrals
Authors: Jose A , Binu AJ , Cherian KE , Kapoor N , Asha HS , Paul TV 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent worldwide. This has led to a significant surge in referrals for vitamin D assessment in recent years. The cost-effectiveness and rationalization of this practice is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the referral pattern for vitamin D testing from a tertiary center in southern India.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study done over a period of one year (2017). A total of 95,750 individuals, referred for vitamin D screening were included in this study. Details regarding referring departments and indications for referral were obtained from the computerized hospital information processing system (CHIPS).

Results:
The study population exhibited a female preponderance (54.1%) with mean (SD) age of 40.3 (18.5) years. Overall, 44% were found to have vitamin D deficiency. Most of the referrals were from nephrology (15.4%), neurology (10.1%), and orthopedics (9.1%). Nevertheless, dermatology, the staff-clinic, and hematology which contributed to 3.3%, 1.7%, and 1.7% of referrals, had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency of 59.1%, 57.7%, and 64.6%, respectively. Although the most common indications for referral were generalized body aches (20.5%) and degenerative bone disorders (20.1%), the proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency referred for these indications were 46.1% and 41.6%, respectively. In contrast, chronic steroid use that accounted for 3.3% of the referrals had 59.1% of subjects who were deficient in vitamin D.

Conclusion:
To ensure a rational approach to vitamin D testing, clinicians ought to use their discretion to screen those truly at risk for vitamin D deficiency on a case to case basis and avoid indiscriminate testing of the same.
Modifiable factors related to 7-year renal outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3
Authors: Huang CH , Chen CP , Huang YY , Hsu BRS 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims:
Subjects with diabetes are prone to a rapid decline in renal function and major adverse cardiovascular events when they reach chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the progression of CKD in this population.

Settings and Design:
An observational cohort study.

Methods and Materials:
A total of 320 type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stage 3 registered in the shared-care-system in our hospital in 2010 were regularly followed up for 7 years. Demographic, laboratory, medication, and fundus examination data of these subjects were collected and analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with changes in CKD stage.

Results:
During the 7-year follow-up period, 204 cases (63.7%) remained at CKD stage 3 while 79 cases (24.7%) progressed to stage 4 or 5 and 37 cases (11.6%) improved to stage 1 or 2. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the first 2 years and variations in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over 7 years were independent factors of both progression (hazard ratio (HR) 1.098 and 1.710, respectively) and improvement (HR 0.919 and 0.231, respectively) of CKD stage. Variations in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was also found as an independent factor for progression of renal function (HR 1.052).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that fluctuations in HbA1c and SBP, and changes in eGFR during the first 2 years of treatment were associated with the long-term renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stage 3.
REJECTION OF HARMONY
Authors: Tkachev Valentin N. , Sarvut Tatiana O. 
Published: October 2020

The title of the article is inspired by the critical state of modern architecture, in particular its top (outside utilitarian architecture) echelon carrying an ideological load in accordance with the general cultural paradigm of society. The latter has reached a level of paradoxical "harmony" between high rates of technological and electronic advancement and comparable rates of social degradation in Homo sapiens. The indicator of positivity in the development of civilization has turned on the red light of alarm. The response has been an unprecedented surge of scientific publications devoted to the ongoing social crisis and search for ways to prevent the catastrophe, which the humankind gravitates to "collectively unconsciously" being perfectly aware of its possible consequences.
Visual evidence of the threat and its sign is a booming architectural activity, creating an illusion of progress and flourishing.
The article reviews concepts and publications polarized in their assessment of the so-called avant-garde phenomena of modern world architecture and predicts the immediate and long-term prospects of the profession for staying mainstream.
Dissemination of NDM-1 in pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiellapneumoniae isolated from pus samples in tertiary care hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Din  , Khan Muhammad Babar  , Dawood Shah  , Ghulam Sarwar  , Saleem Khan  , Hummaira Sadaf  , Shahjahan Shabbir Ahmed  , Faiza Liaqat Ali  , Muhammad Yasir  , Nazeer Ahmed  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To highlight the prevalence and epidemiology of New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase-1.producers in pus samples.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2018at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Hi-tech Laboratory, Centre for Advance Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, and Microbiology Laboratory, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan. Biochemical and molecular approaches were used for the identification of the isolates and Modified Hodge Test for the phenotypic detection of class-A carbapenemase activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was performed using E-test and broth microdilution method. Molecular basis of carbapenemase activity was ascertained by the recognition of blaNDM-1 gene in the isolates.
Results: Of the 300 pus samples taken from surgical/burn units,6(2%) blaNDM-1 harbouring isolates were found; 3(50%) each being Klebsiellapneumoniae andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Klebsiella. pneumoniaeisolates were extensivelydrug-resistant. The Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates displayed resistance against 21 antibiotics of tetracyclines, quinolones, ?-lactams, aminoglycosides, monobactams, sulphonamides, macrolides, cephalosporins, phosphonic acid and polypeptide groups, suggesting pan-drug resistance.
Conclusion: The resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates poses a significant clinical threat in the region.
Key Words: blaNDM-1, Carbapenemase, XDR, PDR, Quetta.
Simulating human impacts on global water resources using VIC-5
Authors: Droppers Bram , Franssen Wietse H. P. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Nijssen Bart , Ludwig Fulco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Questions related to historical and future water resources and scarcity have been addressed by several macroscale hydrological models. One of these
models is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. However, further model developments were needed to holistically assess anthropogenic
impacts on global water resources using VIC. Our study developed VIC-WUR, which extends the VIC model using (1) integrated routing, (2) surface and groundwater use for various sectors
(irrigation, domestic, industrial, energy, and livestock), (3) environmental flow requirements for both surface and groundwater systems, and (4) dam
operation. Global gridded datasets on sectoral demands were developed separately and used as an input for the VIC-WUR model. Simulated national water withdrawals were in line with reported
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) national annual withdrawals (adjusted R2 > 0.8), both per sector and per source. However, trends in time for domestic and industrial water withdrawal were mixed compared with previous studies. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies were well represented (global mean root-mean-squared error, RMSE, values of 1.9 and 3.5 mm for annual and interannual anomalies
respectively), whereas groundwater depletion trends were overestimated. The implemented anthropogenic impact modules increased simulated streamflow
performance for 370 of the 462 anthropogenically impacted Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) monitoring stations, mostly due to the effects of reservoir operation. An assessment of
environmental flow requirements indicates that global water withdrawals have to be severely limited (by 39 %) to protect aquatic ecosystems,
especially with respect to groundwater withdrawals. VIC-WUR has potential for studying the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic developments on current and future water resources and sector-specific water scarcity. The additions presented here make the VIC model more suited for fully integrated worldwide water resource assessments.
Changes in detrital sediment supply to the central Yellow Sea since the last deglaciation
Authors: Koo Hyo Jin , Cho Hyen Goo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The sediment supply to the central Yellow Sea since the
last deglaciation was uncovered through clay mineralogy and geochemical
analysis of core 11YS-PCL14 in the Central Yellow Sea Mud (CYSM). The core
can be divided into four units based on the various proxies, such as grain
size, clay mineralogy, geochemistry, and Sr and Nd isotopes: Unit 4 (700–520 cm; 15.5–14.8 ka), Unit 3 (520–310 cm; 14.8–12.8 ka), Unit 2 (310–130 cm;
12.8–8.8 ka), and Unit 1 (130–0 cm; <8.8 ka). Unit 2 is subdivided
into two subunits, Unit 2-2 (310–210 cm; 12.8–10.5 ka) and Unit 2-1 (210–130 cm; 10.5–8.8 ka), according to smectite content. Comparison of the clay
mineral compositions, rare earth elements, and εNd indicate
distinct provenance shifts in core 11YS-PCL14. Moreover, the integration of
clay mineralogical and geochemical indices show different origins according
to particle size. During the late last deglaciation (Units 3 and 4,
15.5–12.8 ka), Unit 4 sediments originated from all potential provenance
rivers, such as the Huanghe, Changjiang, and western Korean rivers, while the
source of coarse sediments changed to the Huanghe beginning with Unit 3.
Fine-grained sediment was still supplied from all rivers during the deposition
of Unit 3. Early Holocene (Unit 2) sediments were characterized by
oscillating grain size, clay minerals, and moderate εNd values.
In this period, the dominant fine-sediment provenance changed from the
Huanghe to the Changjiang, whereas coarse sediments most likely originated
from western Korean rivers. The Unit 1 CYSM sediments were sourced primarily
from the Changjiang, along with minor contributions from the western Korean
rivers. Possible transport mechanisms concerning such changes in the
sediment provenance include paleo-river pathways, tidal stress evolution,
and the development of the Yellow Sea Warm Current and coastal circulation
systems, depending on the sea level fluctuations.
Change-point detection in wind turbine SCADA data for robust condition monitoring with normal behaviour models
Authors: Letzgus Simon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Analysis of data from wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. Its predominant application is to monitor turbine condition without the need for additional sensing equipment. Most approaches apply semi-supervised anomaly detection methods, also called normal behaviour models, that require clean training data sets to establish healthy component baseline models. In practice, however, the presence of change points induced by malfunctions or maintenance actions poses a major challenge. Even though this problem is well described in literature, this contribution is the first to systematically evaluate and address the issue. A total of 600 signals from 33 turbines are analysed over an operational period of more than 2 years. During this time one-third of the signals were affected by change points, which highlights the necessity of an automated detection method. Kernel-based change-point detection methods have shown promising results in similar settings. We, therefore, introduce an appropriate SCADA data preprocessing procedure to ensure their feasibility and conduct comprehensive comparisons across several hyperparameter choices. The results show that the combination of Laplace kernels with a newly introduced bandwidth and regularisation-penalty selection heuristic robustly outperforms existing methods. More than 90 % of the signals were classified correctly regarding the presence or absence of change points, resulting in an F1 score of 0.86. For an automated change-point-free sequence selection, the most severe 60 % of all change points (CPs) could be automatically removed with a precision of more than 0.96 and therefore without any significant loss of training data. These results indicate that the algorithm can be a meaningful step towards automated SCADA data preprocessing, which is key for data-driven methods to reach their full potential. The algorithm is open source and its implementation in Python is publicly available.
Hybrid Rice Research: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Rout Diptibala , Jena Debarchana , Singh Vineeta , Kumar Manish , Arsode Pandurang , Singh Prakash , Lal Katara Jawahar , Samantaray Sanghamitra , Verma Ramlakhan 
Published: October 2020

Heterosis is a solitary means of exploiting hybrid vigor in crop plants. Given its yield advantage and economic importance, several hybrids in rice have been commercialized in more than 40 countries, which has created a huge seed industry worldwide. India has made commendable progress and commercialized 117 three-line indica hybrids for different ecology and duration (115–150 days), which accounted for 6.8% of total rice area in the country. Besides, several indigenous CMS lines developed in diversified genetic and cytoplasmic backgrounds are being utilized in hybrid rice breeding. NRRI, which has been pioneering to start with the technology, has developed three popular rice hybrids, viz., Ajay, Rajalaxmi, and CR Dhan 701 for irrigated-shallow lowland ecosystem. Biotechnological intervention has supplemented immensely in excavating desirable genomic regions and their deployment for further genetic enhancement and sustainability in rice hybrids. Besides, hybrid seed production creates additional job opportunity (100–105 more-man days) and comparatively more net income (70% more than production cost) than HYVs. Hence, this technology has great scope for further enhancement in per se rice productivity and livelihood of the nation.
Low-Dose Aminophylline for the Treatment of Neonatal Non-Oliguric Renal Failure—Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lynch Bethany A. , Gal Peter , Ransom J. Laurence , Carlos Rita Q. , Dimaguila Mary Ann V.T. , Smith McCrae S. , Wimmer John E. , Imm Mitchell D. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE Aminophylline is a methylxanthine with multiple physiologic actions. At low doses, aminophylline can antagonize adenosine and improve renal function via increased glomerular filtration rate. Despite its clinical use, little data exists in neonates for this indication. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe the impact of aminophylline on renal function indices in a series of neonates with acute renal failure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of 13 neonates with acute renal failure who received aminophylline during a 15-month study period. Aminophylline was administered at 1 mg/kg intravenously or orally every twelve hours. Forty-six percent (n = 6) of the patients received a 5 mg/kg loading dose before initiation of maintenance therapy. Most patients had already received other treatments for renal failure, including diuretics and dopamine.
RESULTS Resolution of acute renal failure (with normalization of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) was documented in 10 patients (77%). Four of the thirteen patients died from complications due to their prematurity. Failure of low-dose aminophylline was observed in 3 of the 4 patients who died.
CONCLUSIONS Low-dose aminophylline in neonates with acute renal failure is associated with an improvement in renal function indices.
Medication Management in Primary and Secondary Schools: Assessing the Practices and Opinions of Pediatricians
Authors: Reutzel Thomas J. , Baich Brandy L. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES 1)To assess the awareness of pediatricians regarding the potential problems caused by children taking their medications before or during school hours 2) To identify the types of interventions pediatricians use to manage these issues 3)To assess the views of pediatricians regarding how well the process of medication management is handled by the schools that their patients attend.METHODS Thirty-five pediatricians completed a questionnaire inquiring about their prescribing habits for children under the age of 18, their views on the possible effects medications may have on children while at school, and what they do to minimize problems that may be associated with taking or being under the influence of medications while at school.RESULTS The largest group of responding physicians (42.9%; n = 15) selected “Somewhat Common” when asked how common it is that they prescribe medications that must be used before or during school hours. The majority of responding pediatricians surveyed (62%; n = 21) believe that taking medications at school can create special problems. The majority of respondents (59.4%; n = 19) disagree with the statement that “Medications in Illinois schools are well managed by a trained agent. These pediatricians utilize a variety of strategies to minimize problems caused by medication use during or before school, and the most common of these is the prescribing of sustained release products.CONCLUSIONS Pediatricians who responded to a survey are aware of potential problems associated with children being under the influence of, or taking medications during school hours. As a result, many have devised ways to ameliorate and/or prevent potential problems.
Evaluation of the Two-Bag System for Fluid Management in Pediatric Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: So Tsz-Yin , Grunewalder Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES A one-bag and a two-bag system have both been used to manage intravenous fluid administration in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The one-bag system, however, has been noted to have limitations, such as slow response time. This study evaluates whether the two-bag system provides any clinical benefit in pediatric DKA patients as compared to the one-bag system.
METHODS This was a retrospective, non-blinded chart review. Inclusion criteria were patients ≤ 18 years old and whose admission had the code of DKA as the diagnosis. Baseline clinical and demographic data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis.
RESULTS A total of 31 patients were included, 9 (29%) in the one-bag group and 22 (71%) in the two-bag group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Mean (SD) rate of complete blood glucose (CBG) correction was 31.04 mg/dL/hr (20.61) in the two-bag group and 21.04 mg/dL/hr (16.26) in the one-bag group (p = 0.297). The rate of bicarbonate correction, however, was faster with the two-bag system than the one-bag system (0.949 ± 0.553 mEq/L/hr and 0.606 ± 0.297 mEq/L/hr, respectively) (p = 0.047). The two-bag system also had a faster time to ketone (p = 0.04), but not pH (p = 0.172), correction.
CONCLUSIONS The two-bag system provided a faster rate of bicarbonate and ketone correction compared to the one-bag system. The two-bag system also provided a trend towards a faster rate of blood glucose and pH correction.
Dexmedetomidine Use in Pediatric Intensive Care and Procedural Sedation
Authors: Buck Marcia L. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE
Dexmedetomidine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1999 for the sedation of adults receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care setting. It provides sedation with minimal effects on respiratory function and may be used prior to, during, and following extubation. Based on its efficacy in adults, dexmedetomidine is now being explored as an alternative or adjunct to benzodiazepines and opioids in the pediatric intensive care setting. This review describes the studies evaluating the safety and efficacy dexmedetomidine in infants and children and provides recommendations on dosing and monitoring.

METHODS
The MEDLINE (1950–November 2009) database was searched for pertinent abstracts, using the key term dexmedetomidine. Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the articles reviewed and the manufacturer. All available English-language case reports, clinical trials, retrospective studies, and review articles were evaluated.

RESULTS
Over two dozen case series and clinical studies have documented the utility of dexmedetomidine as a sedative in children requiring mechanical ventilation or procedural sedation. In several papers, dexmedetomidine use resulted in a reduction in the dose or discontinuation of other sedative agents. It may be of particular benefit in children with neurologic impairment or in those who do not tolerate benzodiazepines. The most frequent adverse effects reported with dexmedetomidine have been hypotension and bradycardia, in 10% to 20% of patients. These effects typically resolve with dose reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Dexmedetomidine offers an additional choice for the sedation of children receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care setting or requiring procedural sedation. While dexmedetomidine is well tolerated when used at recommended doses, it has the potential to cause hypotension and bradycardia and requires close monitoring. In addition to clinical trials currently underway, larger controlled studies are needed to further define the role of dexmedetomidine in pediatric intensive care.
The History of PPAG: The First 30 Years
Authors: Poole Robert L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This article describes the history of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG). From its humble beginning in 1979, to its formation as the Pediatric Directors of Pediatric Hospitals in 1985, through its time as the Pediatric Pharmacy Administrative Group and through its evolution into the PPAG. The organization was established and continues to be dedicated to improving medication therapy use in children. Its sole purpose is to promote safe and effective medication use in children through communication, education, and research. After three decades, PPAG has established itself as the preeminent pediatric pharmacy organization. Its annual conference has grown over the years to become the best educational and networking meeting for pediatric pharmacists worldwide.