bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of controlled drug release in gastrointestinal tract simulation
Authors: Permanadewi I , Kumoro A C , Wardhani D H , Aryanti N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The drug release system is a process in which a bioactive substance discharged from a drug product and enters the process of absorption, distribution and metabolism to deliver its pharmacological action. The drug release is maintained at a specific rate to maximize the benefits as well as to suppress the side impacts. The release rate behaviour is affected by physiological conditions such as ion charge, pH level and enzymatic environment. Since the intestinal tract itself varies broadly in a pH environment, hence it is important to study the profile of drug release in different pH conditions. Mathematical model turns out very useful in predicting the drug release as well as reducing experimental works. The objective of this work was to study the mathematical model in describing the drug release profile in gastrointestinal tract liquid simulation. The release profiles of furosemide and sodium-iron chlorophyllin encapsulation were studied in the pH ranges 1.3-1.5 and 6.8-7.4 to simulate the different part of gastrointestinal tract acidity. The Korsemeyer-Peppas, Weibull and Gompertz were applied in describing the profile. Korsmeyer-Peppas model shows more superior (R2>0.912) than Weibull and Gompertz in describing the release kinetic of furosemide and sodium-iron chlorophyllin encapsulations in both pHs of GTS. The n values of Korsmeyer-Peppas are mostly less than 0.5 suggesting the release mechanism was governed by diffusion.
Central Composite Design for Optimization of Starch-Based Bioplastic with Bamboo Microfibrillated Cellulose as Reinforcement Assisted by Potassium Chloride
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Rahayu Puji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground: Sago starch is a natural resource which has the potential to be used as a raw material for biocomposite such as bioplastic. In addition, bamboo cellulose is able to improve the characteristics of sago starch bioplastics. Potassium chloride can act as dispersing agent to increase efficiency in solution preparation of bamboo microfibrillated cellulose. This paper is aimed to observe the best condition for optimal tensile strength of sago starch-based bioplastics reinforced with bamboo cellulose dispersed in potassium chloride as assistance and durability assessment of the bioplastic by soil buried. To achieve this goal, bioplastic was prepared by using matrix of sago starch-based reinforced bamboo cellulose (1-5 %-w/w) assisted by sonication and dispersing agent of potassium chloride with 1-3 %-w/w. The bioplastic with optimum tensile strength was then analysed for durability by burying the sample in soil. Optimum tensile strength of bioplastics was obtained at 28.6 MPa with the optimum concentration of bamboo cellulose microfibril and potassium chloride of 5 %-w/w and 3 %-w/w, respectively. Post durability test, the non-reinforced and without dispersing agent bioplastic experienced a mass loss of 67.95%, while the bioplastic reinforced with bamboo cellulose assisted by potassium chloride experienced mass loss of 33.33% to 41.25% (more durable).
Synthesis of Cassava Bagasse Starch-Based Biocomposite Reinforced Woven Bamboo Fibre with Lime Juice as Crosslinker and Epoxidized Waste Cooking Oil (EWCO) as Bioplasticizer
Authors: Silviana S , Dzulkarom M C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An alternative available huge source of biocomposite matrix can be found in cassava bagasse regard with high amount of starch content and low protein. It can be reinforced by bamboo fiber. The objectives of this paper are to observe the optimum condition of woven bamboo fibre pattern confirmed by mechanical assessment. The research was conducted by bamboo fiber treatment, epoxidized waste cooking oil and cassava bagasse starch preparation as plasticizer and crosslinker respectively, and biocomposite preparation by different woven pattern, i.e. plain, twill, and random. The results showed that optimum condition of biocomposite could be achieved at plain woven bamboo fibre, 0.25 %v/v of lime juice, and 0.75 %v/v of EWCO with tensile strength of 38.49 MPa. It was considered that random pattern had lowest mechanical property. The effect of lime juice denoted increase tensile strength significantly at beginning. However, plasticizer resulted maximum tensile strength at 0.75 %v/v.
Enhanced conductivity of supercapacitor based PAni-GO-Cellulose-Lanthanum using modification of Al current collector surface and gamma irradiation
Authors: Swantomo D , Wijaya C A L , Sigit  
Published: November 2019

AbstractConductivity of supercapacitor based PAni-GO-Cellulose-Lanthanum has been improved by modifying the surface of Al current collector using chemical etching methods and gamma irradiation. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of surface roughness of current collector, and radiation dose of gamma irradiation to interface resistance, internal resistance, and conductivity supercapacitor. The roughness of the Al current collector surface can increase the contact area between the electrode and the current collector by increasing the adhesion force, while the irradiation of the PAni-GO-Cellulose-Lanthanum electrode material can improve the wettability properties of the electrode with increasing carboxyl group, thus helping the ion dispersion process in the electrode. The experimental results showed that the chemical etching process at 0.4 N NaNO3concentration, and irradiation dose at 40 kGy gave a synergistic effect on the performance improvement of the supercapacitor by decreasing the resistance interface to 109.67 Ω and the internal resistance to 122.63 Ω, also increasing the conductivity to 1160 μS/cm. The improved conductivity properties of the supercapacitor cell represent an alternative promising candidate for the application as energy storage devices and offered a new facile method.
DNA Barcoding and Analysis of Nine Butterfly Species And Three Moth Species From Entopia Penang Butterfly Farm
Authors: Faik A A M , Nagaligam N K M , Roland R , Bakar A M S Abu , Meng M H Y , Kuen L Y , Sani S Abdul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to utilize cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequences in the classification of 22 butterfly and 8 moth species that were morphologically identified by Entopia Penang Butterfly Farm. COI of the mitochondrial gene has been chosen for evolutionary study of butterflies and moths because COI mitochondrial gene is maternally inherited with little or no recombination. This research revealed that 20 out of 22 butterflies were correctly classified while two butterflies and three moths were misidentified after the sequences were analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Morphologically identified Cepora nadina (Sample ID: NCN1) was identified as Cepora iudith while Prioneris thestylis (NPT2) was identified as Prioneris philonome. Three moths; Dysphania malayanus (RDMA1), Nyctemera coleta (RNC1) and Nyctemera coleta (RNC2) were discovered as Bracca matutinata, Nyctemera regularis and Nyctemera baulus respectively. The outcome of this study further classified four butterfly species into subspecies, including Cepora nadina with subspecies andersoni, Prioneris philonome with subspecies themana, Pareronia valeria with subspecies lutescens and Elymnias nesaea classified into subspecies Elymnias nesaea lioneli. Analysis of nine butterfly species and three moth species demonstrates the value in attaching subspecies names to DNA barcode records and further helps to correct misidentified species. Overall, the relationship between butterfly and moth proves that butterfly and moth are distantly related.
Passive Maternal Antibody Tranfer to Eggs and Larvae of Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Authors: Azman M H Nain , Rafidah O , Ching F F , Senoo S , Zamri-Saad M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The immune response of Tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) broodstocks and its passive transfer of maternal antibodies to eggs and larvae were evaluated following vaccination with an inactivated V.harveyi. Tiger grouper broodstock (mean BW 8.66 ± 0.09 kg, n=19) were vaccinated intraperitoneally (IP) and followed by a booster two weeks post vaccination, while Controlled Non-vaccinated (CG) broodstock were IP injected with PBS. The serum antibody level against V.harveyi was monitored for two weeks on post-vaccination and monthly up to 5 months post-vaccination. This study showed that the Vaccinated Group (VG) broodstock induced significantly (P<0.05) higher in specific IgM antibody level against V.harveyi as compared to the CG, which in turn induced a marked increased (P<0.05) in specific IgM in eggs and larvae produced from VG broodstock at 14 weeks post vaccination. The findings from this study suggested that inactivated V.harveyi vaccines were able to stimulate the immune response in broodstock and passively transferred the maternal antibody to their eggs and larvae.
Banana peel: is it useful for surgical suturing training?
Authors: Ohn M H , Ohn K M , Souza U D , Yusof S , Ariffin Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Banana is a popular world major fruit which contribute around 15% of global fruit generation. It is a standout amongst the utmost generally established tropical fruits, developed more than 130 nations, along the tropics and subtropics of Capricorn. The greater part of the consumable bananas are grown from Musa acuminata or Musa balbisiana), Pacific tropical bananas (Musa sapientum) as well as cooking bananas, also called plantains (Musa paradisiacal). Fruit banana isn’t just exceptionally nutritious nourishment yet in addition valuable as fragrance, beauty care products and antioxidants for cancer prevention. The paper will feature the convenience of banana peel as a rule and discuss the use of banana peel for surgical training. banana peel is using for practising suturing skills to supplant the costly silicon surgical skin pad. The texture of banana peel is like human skin and more sensible practice. Students were permitted to practice different types of suturing method such as simple interrupted suture, vertical and horizontal mattress suture by using the different species of banana. In conclusion, banana peel is a suitable cheap, eco-friendly and given more reasonable alternative practice for suturing among medical students.
The effects of comprehensive core body resistance exercise on lower extremity motor function among stroke survivors
Authors: Bacho Z , Lajangang F J E , Khin N Y , Shah S S , Chia Y K , Jalil E , Kelvin C C S , Ag Daud D M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of comprehensive core body resistance exercise on lower extremity motor function in stroke survivors. This resistance exercise was developed to aid stroke patients with various severity to perform this exercise, aimed to improve their core strength, stability, and control. Thirty-four stroke patients aged 47.7±13.16 years old were selected from the Rehabilitation Department, Queen Elizabeth I Hospital in Sabah, Malaysia. All patients underwent supervised training either assistive, active or active resistance exercise, biweekly for 12 weeks. Motor function was evaluated using Fugl-Meyer Assessment Lower Extremity (FMA-LE). The data were collected at baseline and at four weeks training interval. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t test were employed to analyse the effects of the resistance exercise on lower extremity motor function. The twelve-week resistance exercise showed statistically significant effects on lower extremity motor function, lower extremity, coordination/speed, passive joint motion, and joint pain. However, sensation was found insignificant. Paired t test showed statistically significant improvement in lower extremity motor function, lower extremity, coordination/speed, passive joint motion, joint pain, and sensation. This study suggested that the obtained results indicate that the core body resistance exercise was applicable without any induced negative effect such as spasticity or joint pain.
Effects of substrate to inoculum ratio on Phosphorus Recovery from Different Composition of Food Waste using Anaerobic Batch Digestion
Authors: Selaman R , Wid N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a process by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process involves hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acedogenesis and methanogenesis stages. Anaerobic digestion of food waste has been widely investigated for biogas recovery but limited study was performed on phosphorus recovery. Substrate to inoculum ratio is a very crucial parameter in anaerobic digestion in an attempt to recover phosphorus as it highly influences the production of organic acids during acidogenesis. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate phosphorus recovery at different ratio of substrate to inoculum, where substrates was fixed to ratio 1.0 while inoculum ratio varied to 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 throughout the digestion process. The main substrate used in the anaerobic digestion was food waste which was segregated into different composition namely carbohydrates rich-food waste, fiber rich-food waste and protein rich-food waste. The phosphorus recovery was performed using anaerobic batch digester at mesophilic (35±1°C) condition and pH= 6.0 for 15 days. Semi treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) was used as the inoculum to boost up the anaerobic digestion. The results indicate that substrate to inoculum ratio (1.0 : 2.0) was the optimum ratio to recover phosphorus, where protein rich-food waste shows the phosphorus recovery was about 40.8%, followed by carbohydrate rich-food waste and fibre rich-food waste with 32.8% and 26.2%, respectively. This study is very important in resources recovery from wastes as it provides information on a new strategies for phosphorus recovery from food waste.
Effects of Coal and Fly Ash Dust Deposition of Photovoltaic Panel Performance: A Photovoltaic System at Coal-Fired Power Plant Case Study
Authors: Elias M A , Resali M S Mohd , Muda N , Ramli R B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Malaysia is aiming to increase its renewable energy generation capacity from 2% to 20% by 2030. Solar photovoltaic (PV) system will play a huge role in getting this target achieve as it is considered a maturing technology in Malaysia and the nation is blessed with ample amount of solar irradiation throughout the year. However, in Malaysia, this technology faces various implementation challenges such as the PV performance degradation due to dust deposition on the PV panels. Generally, coal-fired power plants have an abundant area of coal ash pond that is suitable for installing floating PV systems. However, this area is prone to dust deposition resulting from pulverized coal particles and fly ashes. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of dust deposition on PV panels’ performance, specifically for PV systems that will be installed near coal-fired power plants in Malaysia. In this study, PV panels were exposed to four different types of dust deposit conditions, which are coal particles, fly ashes, normal environmental dust as well as control PV panel that was clean on daily basis. The tests were carried out outdoor under natural sunlight. Performance of the PV panels were measured based on the power generated by the panels. The average power drop based on the types of dust deposition on PV panels are; natural dust (2.72%), fly ash (13.16 %) and coal ash (15.82 %).
Survey on the Empirical Method to Evaluate the Thermal Performance of Roof Assembly
Authors: Nasir M Ahmad , Lim C H , Abdullah A F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Roof constitutes as one of the largest surfaces in a building that receives high amount of heat through radiation, conduction and convection. The amount of heat received by a roof depends greatly on climate condition and roof design configurations. In a hot climate, roof is designed as a barrier to the hot sun, while in cold climate, roof is an amplifier that magnifies the amount of heat gains into building envelope. As Malaysia is in tropical climate, roofs in Malaysia must be able to curb heat from the sun. Latest insertion of Malaysia Standard MS1525 requirement to the Universal Building By Law (UBBL) mandate for authority approval on the achievable thermal transmittance (U-value) not greater than 0.4W/m2K for light weight roof and 0.6W/m2K for heavy weight roof. The lower the U-value, the better the roof as a barrier to the external heat. Based on a survey study done in Malaysia, only 43.18% of building practitioners are aware on the requirement, and the current implementation of the regulation involves submission of U-value numerical calculation for total roof assembly during Building Plan (BP) submission. The result of this study suggests a need for an empirical method to measure roof performance. Computer Controlled Solar Simulator (CCSS) is suggested as a platform to ensure effective implementation of MS1525 and certify that housing design in Malaysia complies with the thermal comfort requirement.
Application of Four-Point EGSOR Iteration with Nonlocal Arithmetic Mean Discretization Scheme for Solving Burger’s Equation
Authors: Zainal N F A , Sulaiman J , Alibubin M U 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main objective for this study is to examine the efficiency of block iterative method namely Four-Point Explicit Group Successive Over Relaxation (4EGSOR) iterative method. The nonlinear Burger’s equation is then solved through the application of nonlocal arithmetic mean discretization (AMD) scheme to form a linear system. Next, to scrutinize the efficiency of 4EGSOR with Gauss-Seidel (GS) and Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) iterative methods, the numerical experiments for four proposed problems are being considered. By referring to the numerical results obtained, we concluded that 4EGSOR is more superior than GS and SOR iterative methods in aspects of number of iterations and execution time.
Flat Electroencephalography Image: Image Size Dependent Normalization versus Fuzzy Technique
Authors: Zenian Suzelawati , Ahmad Tahir , Idris Amidora 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flat Electroencephalography (fEEG) is a method for mapping high dimensional signal, namely Electroencephalography (EEG) into a low dimensional space. The image of fEEG which is in grayscale form is obtained from digital fEEG by using fuzzy approach. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the spread of the vague boundary and improve the visibility of the clusters of epileptic foci in terms of contrast enhancement via Image Size Dependent Normalization (ISDN) and fuzzy technique. Contrast performance comparison between both methods are carried out for an epileptic patient at varied time, t. It shows that fuzzy method gives better contrast compared to ISDN.
Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn) Using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Technique for Landuse Planning: A Case from Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mariappan S , Roslee R , Sharir K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flooding is one of the main natural disasters in Sabah, Malaysia. Several current cases of disastrous flooding were recorded particularly in Penampang area, Sabah (e.g. July 1999; October 2010; April 2013; October & December 2014). Substantial downpour has triggered floods and caused extreme loss in Penampang area. The 2014 floods have affected 40,000 people from 70 villages. The objectives of this research are (i) To determine the factors contributing to the flood occurrences; (ii) To analyst the Flood Susceptibility Level (FSL); and (iii) and to produce the flood hazard map for the study area. In this study, eight (8) parameters were considered in relation to the causative factors to flooding, which are: rainfall, slope gradient, elevation, drainage density, land use, soil textures, slope curvatures and flow accumulation. Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn) map was produced based on the data collected from the field survey, laboratory analysis, high resolution digital radar images (IFSAR) acquisition, and secondary data in year 2014. FSL was defined using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique integrated with GIS software. Based on the FSAn, approximately 3.17% of total study area classified as Very High Hazard (VHH), 4.55% as High Hazard (HH), 15.52% as Moderate Hazard (MH), 15.72% as Low Hazard (LH) dan 61.04% as Very Low Hazard (VLH) respectively. Based on the risk rate, requirements for the development procedure has been recommended in this paper. The map produced will be a very useful source for consulting, planning agencies and local governments in managing risk, land-use zoning and redressal efforts to mitigate risks. Besides, the method used in this study can easily be applied to other areas, where other factors may be considered, depending on the convenience of data.
Comparative study of Uber and taxi in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Zulkifli Malina , Yunus Muhammad Yasir Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Transportation is a major factor in influencing our daily lives to become more efficient and productive. The taxi had become the favourite of people in choosing public transportation because it personally brings us to the exact location of our destination. Taxi has monopolized public transport from door to door for a long time ago until a company providing the same service known as the Grab entered the market recently. This study had been conducted to compare the services provided by taxi and Grab from the perception of their customers. This study can help service providers see which aspects they need to make improvements in the interests of both parties. The survey had been conducted at Kuala Lumpur because of the probability of taxi and Grab users are higher at a busier state as in the capital city. Descriptive statistics is mainly used in making simple summaries with the help of graphical representation. Mann Whitney U test had been used to compare the two service providers at each aspect which are accessibility, comfort of rides, safety and value for money. As a result, Grab has significantly higher user ratings than taxi for all aspects of services considered in the study.
Some constructions of complete decomposition of dihedral group
Authors: Sin C. S. , Chen H. V. , Wong Denis C. K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Let G be a finite non-abelian group. For integer k ≥ 2, we let A
1,…,Ak
be non-empty subsets of G. If A
1,…, Ak
are pairwise disjoint and if the subset product A

i
1
… Aik

= {a

i
1
…aik

|aij
∈ Aij
, j = 1,…, k} coincides with G, where the Aij

are all distinct and {A

i
1
,…, Aik

} = {A
1,…, Ak
} then (A
1,…, Ak
) is called a (k, |A
1|,…, |Ak
|)-complete decomposition of G. For integer n ≥ 3, let D2n
be the dihedral group of order n. Let A, B be the subset of D2n
. In this paper, we show some constructions, namely (2, |A|, |B|)-complete decomposition of D2n
where

|
B
|
∈

{

2
,
4
,
…
2

⌊

n
3

⌋

,
n
−
1
,
n

}

and |A| = 2n − |B|.