bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoprotective properties of natural antioxidant flavonoids: A DFT and TD‐DFT study on acridone derivatives
Authors: Chinh Ngo Thi , Le Anh Nguyen Thi , Thao Pham Thi , Quang Dao Duy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAntioxidant and photoprotective properties of two natural acridone derivatives namely Paratrimerin C (1) and Citrusinine‐I (2) have been studied by DFT and TD‐DFT at the M05‐2X/6‐311++G(3df, 3p)//M05‐2X/6‐31+G(d) level of theory. Three common mechanisms characterized for the antioxidant properties including H‐atom transfer (HAT) and proton transfer (PT) towards HOO●/HO● radicals and single electron transfer (SET) were investigated in the gas phase, water and pentyle thanoate. The DFT results revealed that both compounds can efficiently scavenge HOO● and HO● radicals via HAT mechanism in all media. Particularly, the HAT reactions of 2 with HO● radical in water are the most favored reaction (∆H ‐37.7 kcal/mol). In addition, the efficient UV‐absorption ability of the studied compound was elucidated by TD‐DFT. All compounds can absorb UV radiations in the range of 200‐335 nm, for which the easiest excitations are at 334‐332 nm and the strongest absorptions were found at 234‐227 nm, for 1 and 2, respectively. The HOMO to LUMO and HOMO‐3 to LUMO (π‐π*) transitions are assigned for the corresponding UV‐absorption.
Indigenizing Development
Authors: MacNeill Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis chapter compares, contrasts, and, where possible, incorporates indigenous concepts of sustainable development with “Western” ideas presented in earlier chapters. The goal here is to use Maya, Andean indigenous, and Garifuna development ideas to bend the sustainable development towards an indigenous perspective. The underlying question addressed is “can existing ideas of development bend to incorporate indigenous perspectives, or must they be jettisoned if indigeneity is to be meaningfully considered?”
Culture in Critical and Sociological Thought
Authors: MacNeill Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClassical thought on culture and development was not all functionalist. Large critical traditions of thought emerged in the eighteenth century, and these would inform many later theories of international development. Marxian and Gramscian theories are discussed in this chapter, as are early sociological contributions from thinkers such Weber, Parsons, Veblen, and others.
Origins of a Maya Sustainable Development Movement
Authors: MacNeill Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the emergence of a strong indigenous challenge to mainstream development that emerged in Guatemala. The historical and global changes that contributed to this idea are explored in detail. So are the deep cultural roots of Maya cosmovision, in which this idea is embedded. The chapter focusses around the story of one particular Maya organization called El Centro Pluricultural para la Democracia (the Pluricultural Centre for Democracy), from which the indigenous idea of culturally sustainable development emerged.
Weyl–Schrödinger Representations of Heisenberg Groups in Infinite Dimensions
Authors: Lopushansky Oleh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the group $${\mathcal {H}}_{\mathbb {C}}$$HC of complexified Heisenberg matrices with entries from an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space H. Irreducible representations of the Weyl–Schrödinger type on the space $$L^2_\chi $$Lχ2 of quadratically integrable $${\mathbb {C}}$$C-valued functions are described. Integrability is understood with respect to the projective limit $$\chi =\varprojlim \chi _i$$χ=lim←χi of probability Haar measures $$\chi _i$$χi defined on groups of unitary $$i\times i$$i×i-matrices U(i). The measure $$\chi $$χ is invariant under the infinite-dimensional group $$U(\infty )=\bigcup U(i)$$U(∞)=⋃U(i) and satisfies the abstract Kolmogorov consistency conditions. The space $$L^2_\chi $$Lχ2 is generated by Schur polynomials on Paley–Wiener maps. The Fourier-image of $$L^2_\chi $$Lχ2 coincides with the Hardy space $${H}^2_\beta $$Hβ2 of Hilbert–Schmidt analytic functions on H generated by the correspondingly weighted Fock space $$\varGamma _\beta (H)$$Γβ(H). An application to heat equation over $${\mathcal {H}}_{\mathbb {C}}$$HC is considered.
Auswirkung der Implementierung eines Schockraumkoordinators auf Prozessparameter der Polytraumaversorgung im Schockraum eines Maximalversorgers
Authors: Schmitz J. , Battenberg T. , Drinhaus H. , Eifinger F. , Ries C. , Hinkelbein J. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Altersgruppe bis 40 Jahre stellt das schwere Trauma die häufigste Todesursache in Deutschland dar. Entsprechend der S3-Leitlinie „Polytrauma/Schwerverletztenbehandlung“ ist seit 2011 die Anwesenheit eines Schockraumkoordinators in Erwägung zu ziehen, der durch optimierte Versorgungs- und Behandlungsabläufe das Überleben der Patienten verbessern kann. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Analyse unterschiedlicher Prozessparameter zur Schockraumversorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten vor und nach Implementierung eines Schockraumkoordinators für die Polytraumaversorgung.

Material und Methoden
Um einen ausreichenden zeitlichen Abstand zum Zeitpunkt der Neueinführungen (2011) einzuhalten, wurden die Jahre 2009 und 2012 zum Vergleich herangezogen: Alle eingescannten Schockraumprotokolle der Jahre 2009 (01.01.2009–31.12.2009) und 2012 (01.01.2012–31.12.2012) wurden gesichtet und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Aus dem Jahr 2009 wurden 213 und aus dem Jahr 2012 wurden 420 Schockraumeinsätze in die Auswertung einbezogen. Die durchschnittliche Schockraumanzahl lag im Jahr 2009 bei 17,8/Monat und im Jahr 2012 bei 35/Monat. Die mittlere Anzahl der Schockraumeinsätze hat sich nahezu verdoppelt (p < 0,001). Die mittlere Schockraumdauer lag im Jahr 2012 im Durchschnitt 5,8 min unter der im Jahr 2009 (p = 0,56).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Patientenversorgung war in Anwesenheit eines Schockraumkoordinators bzw. nach Implementierung der SOP weder statistisch signifikant noch klinisch relevant verkürzt.
Transient protein expression in tobacco BY-2 plant cell packs using single and multi-cassette replicating vectors
Authors: Poborilova Zuzana , Plchova Helena , Cerovska Noemi , Gunter Cornelius J. , Hitzeroth Inga I. , Rybicki Edward P. , Moravec Tomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key message
This is the first evidence that replicating vectors can be successfully used for transient protein expression in BY-2 plant cell packs.

Abstract
Transient recombinant protein expression in plants and recently also plant cell cultures are of increasing interest due to the speed, safety and scalability of the process. Currently, studies are focussing on the design of plant virus-derived vectors to achieve higher amounts of transiently expressed proteins in these systems. Here we designed and tested replicating single and multi-cassette vectors that combine elements for enhanced replication and hypertranslation, and assessed their ability to express and particularly co-express proteins by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in tobacco BY-2 plant cell packs. Substantial yields of green and red fluorescent proteins of up to ~ 700 ng/g fresh mass were detected in the plant cells along with position-dependent expression. This is the first evidence of the ability of replicating vectors to transiently express proteins in BY-2 plant cell packs.
Development of a combined mining technique to protect the underground workspace above confined aquifer from water inrush disaster
Authors: Yu Shengchao , Xu Jingmin , Zhu Weibing , Wang Sihua , Liu Wenbing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne task facing by the geotechnical engineers is to protect the workspace in an underground construction/excavation site from various forms of geological disasters, such as the water inrush, rock burst, and collapse of the surrounding rock/soil. In this paper, a combined controlling measure was proposed based on underground mining and water environment: the method of strip mining has been initially proposed as an effective measure against underground workspace floor failure when mining above confined aquifer in the Bucun coal mine, China, and however, its ability to avoid floor water inrush has yet to be demonstrated; in the next step, field trials using caving zone backfill technology to prevent underground workspace floor failure and excavate retained strip coal pillars were implemented based on the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results. Engineering practice showed that the failure depth of the underlying strata of the workspace had no growth without the possibility of water inrush, and the safety of the underground space was achieved. Thus, this study represents a successful attempt to develop the combined strip mining and caving zone backfilling technique to ensure the safety of the underground workspace and control surface subsidence when excavating the retained strip coal pillars above confined aquifer. The proposed combined technique can also be used in other underground excavation activities with similar problems.
Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer: the framework of malignant behavior
Authors: Jiang Ningni , Dai Qijie , Su Xiaorui , Fu Jianjiang , Feng Xuancheng , Peng Juan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven that the PI3K/AKT pathway has manifested its compelling influence on multiple cellular process, we further review the roles of hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway in various human cancers. We state the abnormalities of PI3K/AKT pathway in different cancers, which are closely related with tumorigenesis, proliferation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stem-like phenotype, immune microenvironment and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, we investigated the current clinical trials of inhibitors against PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers and found that the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapy has so far been limited despite of the promising preclinical activity, which means combinations of targeted therapy may achieve better efficacies in cancers. In short, we hope to feature PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers to the clinic and bring the new promising to patients for targeted therapies.
Long-term follow-up after bypass surgery or coronary stenting in elderly with multivessel disease
Authors: Gimbel M. E. , Willemsen L. M. , Daggelders M. C. , Kelder J. C. , Oirbans T. , Beukema K. F. , Daeter E. J. , ten Berg J. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
We sought to compare long-term follow-up of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in elderly patients with left main or multivessel disease, hypothesising that completeness of revascularisation and severity of coronary artery disease are predictors of adverse outcomes.

Methods
Patients aged ≥75 years with multivessel disease or left main disease who underwent PCI or CABG between 2012–2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Baseline characteristics from the index procedure were collected. Severity of coronary artery disease and completeness of revascularisation were assessed. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality, in addition we captured major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, bleedings, recurrent angina and new onset atrial fibrillation.

Results
A total of 597 patients were included. Median follow-up was 4 years (interquartile range 2.8–5.3 years). At baseline, patients in the PCI group more often had a previous medical history of CABG and more frequently underwent an urgent procedure compared with patients in the CABG group. Mortality at 5‑year follow-up was significantly higher in patients who underwent PCI compared with CABG (39.9% vs 25.4%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), repeat revascularisation and recurrent angina occurred more frequently after PCI, while occurrence of bleedings and new onset atrial fibrillation were more frequent after CABG. Neither completeness of revascularisation nor severity of coronary artery disease was a predictor for any of the outcomes.

Conclusion
Long-term mortality was higher in elderly patients with multivessel disease undergoing PCI compared with CABG. In addition, patients undergoing PCI had a higher risk of ACS, repeat revascularisation and recurrent angina.
Perceptions of the Importance of Sleep in Common Cold—Two Online Questionnaire-Based Surveys
Authors: Phillipson Gill , Aspley Sue , Fietze Ingo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSleep deprivation affects the immune system and can render subjects more susceptible to symptoms associated with the common cold. The aim of this research was to investigate cold sufferers’ and doctors’ perceptions of the role of sleep in recovery from cold/flu. An online survey of 4000 adults who had suffered from cold/flu in the previous 12 months was conducted in eight countries and an online survey of 150 doctors was conducted in Germany. Responses were collected to questions regarding aspects of life affected by, and concerns while suffering from, cold/flu symptoms including nighttime awakening and actions taken to aid recovery. Responses were also collected to questions regarding advice given to cold/flu patients and the importance of sleep. Ability to sleep well was widely reported as negatively impacted by cold/flu (mean 46.1% of respondents across eight countries), especially in Western Europe, and inability to sleep well was a frequently reported concern associated with suffering from cold/flu (21.8%). To sleep more than usual was a frequently reported action taken to feel better (40.5%). Ninety-four percent of respondents reported waking up at night because of symptoms, cough being the most frequently reported symptom to awaken respondents. There was evidence of a possible relationship between sleep quality and medication taken at night for symptom relief. Countries with the highest proportions of respondents who reported sleep to be the aspect of life most negatively affected by a cold (France, Germany and Italy) were also those with the lowest proportions of respondents who reported that taking medications at night was the most effective way of getting back to sleep after waking due to cold symptoms. The majority of doctors believed sleep helped cold/flu patients to recover faster and that a good night’s sleep was important. Sleep is widely considered to be important in promoting recovery from cold/flu. Hence, the relief of symptoms that disrupt sleep is also likely to be important for a faster recovery.
Impulsgeberin und Anstifterin: Die Deutsche Stiftung Friedensforschung im Lichte der Evaluation
Authors: Schneckener Ulrich , Held Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag bewertet die Evaluation durch den Wissenschaftsrat aus Sicht der Deutschen Stiftung Friedensforschung (DSF). Er stellt die Rolle der DSF für das Forschungsfeld dar und diskutiert die wichtigsten Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates für die Profilierung und die Weiterentwicklung der DSF. Außerdem macht der Artikel deutlich, welche Perspektiven sich für die Förderung der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung ergeben – dies betrifft sowohl Förderstrukturen und Förderformate als auch die künftige finanzielle Ausstattung der DSF.
Therapeutic Targeting of Hepatic Macrophages
Authors: Nijland Hilde , Bansal Ruchi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review outlines the current knowledge about hepatic macrophages and provides an overview of therapeutic approaches to target hepatic macrophages for the treatment of liver diseases.

Recent Findings
In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that hepatic macrophages (resident macrophages, Kupffer cells, or circulating bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages) are implicated in liver homeostasis as well as in disease progression and resolution. More recently, different populations of hepatic macrophages with distinct phenotypes and functions have been identified that have shown to play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of various acute and chronic liver diseases. The understanding of the role of hepatic macrophages in initiation, progression, and resolution of liver diseases has given rise to the development of therapeutics that can target different phenotypes of hepatic macrophages. Innovative strategies comprises of microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), therapeutic proteins, and small-molecule inhibitors.

Summary
Evidence from recent in vitro and in vivo studies support the fact that hepatic macrophages can be efficiently targeted using miRNA/siRNA-based approaches, protein-based approaches, and small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases. However, more in-depth understanding underlying the roles of distinct macrophage phenotypes in different liver diseases is required for the translation of novel targeted therapeutics to the clinic.
Virtual application of in situ simulation during a pandemic
Authors: Hanel Erich , Bilic Monika , Hassall Kelly , Hastings Mary , Jazuli Farah , Ha Michael , Trotter Brendon , Fraser Cory , Rutledge Greg 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced challenges to the use of simulation, including limited personal protective equipment and restricted time and personnel. Our use of video for in situ simulation aimed to circumvent these challenges and assist in the development of a protocol for protected intubation and simultaneously educate emergency department (ED) staff. We video-recorded a COVID-19 respiratory failure in situ simulation event, which was shared by a facilitator both virtually and in the ED. The facilitator led discussions and debriefs. We followed this with in situ run-throughs in which staff walked through the steps of the simulation in the ED, handling medications and equipment and becoming comfortable with use of isolation rooms. This application of in situ simulation allowed one simulation event to reach a wide audience, while allowing participants to respect social distancing, and resulted in the education of this audience and successful crowdsourcing for a protocol amidst a pandemic.
Unveiling the Natural History of Category 4 Tropical Cyclones: The Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital Experience after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Ramos-Meléndez Ediel O. , Nieves-Plaza Mariely , López-Maldonado Julio , Ramírez-Martínez Laura , Guerrios Lourdes , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The hazardous environmental conditions hurricanes create might increase injury incidence almost 7 times. Therefore, a cohort study was performed at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital to compare morbidity and mortality patterns of patients after Hurricane Maria with a control period.

Methods:
Admissions from September 20, 2017, through January 20, 2018, constituted the post-Maria period (473 patients); the corresponding months of the previous year comprised the pre-Maria period (439 patients). Comparisons were done using Pearson’s chi-square or Mann-Whitney U-tests, as appropriate. A logistic regression was performed to assess the association between mortality and the study period.

Results:
Postlandfall admissions among patients aged 40-64 y increased by 6.6%, while among subjects between ages 18 and 39 y dropped by 7.0% (P = 0.03). Falls, gunshots, and burns were the injury mechanisms that varied the most across the exposure period. The median Injury Severity Score (13 vs 12; P = 0.05) and the frequency of Glasgow Coma Scale scores ≤8 (17.1% vs 10.9%; P = 0.03) were higher among poststorm patients. Moreover, a 2-fold (odds ratio = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.07-3.47) increase in mortality was observed after Maria, when adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions:
Following a hurricane, trauma centers might expect an older population, with more severe injuries and a 2-fold increased mortality risk.
Investigating a self-reference effect in musical aesthetics
Authors: Kasdan Anna , Belfi Amy M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious work on aesthetic experience suggests that aesthetic judgments are self-referential. The self-reference effect (SRE) is the tendency for individuals to show improved memory for items that are judged in relation to themselves. The current study sought to understand if the SRE exists for aesthetic judgments of music. Participants heard musical excerpts (classical, jazz, and electronic) and rated either a) how much they liked the music (Self condition), b) how much a close relative or friend would like the music (Other condition), or c) the genre of the music (Genre condition). After a retention interval, participants completed a recognition memory task for the musical excerpts. Participants did not show improved memory for musical excerpts encoded in the Self condition. These results extend the concept of the SRE into the domain of aesthetic judgments, but do not provide support for a memory advantage when making aesthetic judgments in relation to the self.
ON THE IRREDUCIBLE COMPONENTS OF SOME CRYSTALLINE DEFORMATION RINGS
Authors: BARTLETT ROBIN 
Published: April 2020

We adapt a technique of Kisin to construct and study crystalline deformation rings of

$G_{K}$

for a finite extension

$K/\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

. This is done by considering a moduli space of Breuil–Kisin modules, satisfying an additional Galois condition, over the unrestricted deformation ring. For

$K$

unramified over

$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

and Hodge–Tate weights in

$[0,p]$

, we study the geometry of this space. As a consequence, we prove that, under a mild cyclotomic-freeness assumption, all crystalline representations of an unramified extension of

$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

, with Hodge–Tate weights in

$[0,p]$

, are potentially diagonalizable.
The shape of and solutions to the MTurk quality crisis
Authors: Kennedy Ryan , Clifford Scott , Burleigh Tyler , Waggoner Philip D. , Jewell Ryan , Winter Nicholas J. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmazon's Mechanical Turk is widely used for data collection; however, data quality may be declining due to the use of virtual private servers to fraudulently gain access to studies. Unfortunately, we know little about the scale and consequence of this fraud, and tools for social scientists to detect and prevent this fraud are underdeveloped. We first analyze 38 studies and show that this fraud is not new, but has increased recently. We then show that these fraudulent respondents provide particularly low-quality data and can weaken treatment effects. Finally, we provide two solutions: an easy-to-use application for identifying fraud in the existing datasets and a method for blocking fraudulent respondents in Qualtrics surveys.
RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR AGES IN THE HOLOCENE DEAD SEA
Authors: Weber Nurit , Lazar Boaz , Stern Ofra , Burr George , Gavrieli Ittai , Roberts Mark , Kurz Mark D , Yechieli Yoseph , Stein Mordechai 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe sources and fate of radiocarbon (14C) in the Dead Sea hypersaline solution are evaluated with 14C measurements in organic debris and primary aragonite collected from exposures of the Holocene Ze’elim Formation. The reservoir age (RA) is defined as the difference between the radiocarbon age of the aragonite at time of its precipitation (representing lakeʼs dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC]) and the age of contemporaneous organic debris (representing atmospheric radiocarbon). Evaluation of the data for the past 6000 yr from Dead Sea sediments reveal that the lakeʼs RA decreased from 2890 yr at 6 cal kyr BP to 2300 yr at present. The RA lies at ~2400 yr during the past 3000 yr, when the lake was characterized by continuous deposition of primary aragonite, which implies a continuous supply of freshwater-bicarbonate into the lake. This process reflects the overall stability of the hydrological-climate conditions in the lakeʼs watershed during the late Holocene where bicarbonate originated from dissolution of the surface cover in the watershed that was transported to the Dead Sea by the freshwater runoff. An excellent correlation (R2=0.98) exists between aragonite ages and contemporaneous organic debris, allowing the estimation of ages of various primary deposits where organic debris are not available.