bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Laugh in a Pluralistic Universe: William James and the Philosophy of Humor
Authors: Weidenbaum Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to enlist the work of the American philosopher and psychologist William James in order to investigate the deeper significance of humor. It is neither James’s character nor anything he states directly about humor or laughter that is under discussion here, but the cosmos as grasped through his bold metaphysics and rich phenomenological observations. The thought of James, it is argued, discloses our inherence within a universe rife with ambiguity, complexity, and incongruity. I explore how these features of reality, particularly when illuminated through James’s lush prose, may cause us to laugh. In addition, the insights of James are employed to examine the close relationship between humor and certain forms of religious experience, as well as with horror.
Syntax meets discourse: Locative and deictic (directional) inversion in English
Authors: Ojea Ana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper offers a formal analysis of three constructions in English: locative inversion, central deictic inversion and directional inversion. These constructions constitute thetic statements with a locative intentional base which sets a scene that (re)introduces an entity in the discourse; syntactically, they display a non-canonical word order and have a number of unusual grammatical properties which make them particularly interesting to show how syntax connects, and adapts, to discourse. I propose that they all obtain from a language particular mechanism which involves a functional category LocP that adjusts the computational requirement to have a preverbal subject to the intentional need to have the subject post-verbally. As for the differences among them, they are approached in terms of the features that head LocP and the lexical properties of the verbs that head each of the structures. Ultimately, the paper also serves to discuss the role of certain informational features (the so-called core intentional features) in the syntactic derivation.
Reflecting on Diana Mishkova’s Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making
Authors: Franzinetti Guido , Breuilly John , Hirschhausen Béatrice von , Rutar Sabine , Mishkova Diana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this scholarly panel, Guido Franzinetti, John Breuilly, Béatrice von Hirschhausen, and Sabine Rutar discuss Diana Mishkova’s monograph Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making, published in the Routledge Borderland Studies series (2018; paperback edition 2020). The panel focuses, from various angles, precisely on how ‘region making’ has been influenced by scholarly politics and other kinds of policy discourses. The take of each author is conditioned by their respective expertise in European and global area studies.
Cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of Viburnum opulus on colon cancer cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Bozali Kubra , Guler Eray Metin , Gulgec Ahmet Sadik , Kocyigit Abdurrahim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Intake of various fruits is quite significant for maintaining the human body, due to their supply of useful constituents. V. opulus has been found to have outstanding antioxidant activity while showing a pro-oxidant effect at high doses. Due to this feature, V. opulus would be anticipated to have a healing impact on cancer treatment. In this study, it has been proposed to examine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of V. opulus on human colorectal cancer cell.

Method
Different concentrations of V. opulus methanolic extract (5–2000 μg/mL) were incubated for 24 h with colorectal cancer cell line (Lovo). The cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured after incubation.

Results
The obtained results of this research demonstrate decreased cell viability and increased DNA damage, iROS, and apoptosis levels of V. opulus in Lovo cells in a concentration-dependent manner in the range of 14.88–52.06%. There were strong positive relationships between apoptosis, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in V. opulus methanolic extract treated cancer cell line.

Discussion
This in vitro research clearly demonstrated that V. opulus methanolic extract induces DNA damage, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cells due to its pro-oxidant activity.

Conclusion
Although in vitro results are favorable, in vivo and further studies are needed.
Effects of Resistance Training at Different Loads on Inflammatory Biomarkers, Muscle Mass, Muscular Strength, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo A.S. , de Oliveira Júnior Gersiel N. , de Sousa Jairo F.R. , Murta Eddie F.C. , Orsatti Claudio L. , Michelin Márcia A. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Orsatti Fábio L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carneiro, MAS, de Oliveira Júnior, GN, de Sousa, JFR, Murta, EFC, Orsatti, CL, Michelin, MA, Cyrino, ES, and Orsatti, FL. Effects of resistance training at different loads on inflammatory biomarkers, muscle mass, muscular strength, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1582–1590, 2022—It has been suggested that the effect of resistance training (RT) on circulating proinflammatory biomarkers may be dependent on muscle mass gain. A few recent studies have suggested that lower-load RT (LLRT; loads <50% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM] and repetition performed until, or close to, voluntary concentric failure) may be superior to higher-load RT (HLRT; loads >70% of 1RM) in increasing muscle mass. Hence, this study aimed to test whether LLRT is superior to HLRT for increasing muscle mass (total fat-free mass [TFFM] and leg fat-free mass [LFFM]) and improving circulating inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL1-ra, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and extracellular heat shock protein [eHSP]70) in postmenopausal women (PW) (primary outcome). The secondary outcome was to compare the changes in muscular strength and physical performance (4-meter walking test [4-M], timed-up-and-go [TUG] test, and sit-to-stand [STS] test) between the LLRT and HLRT. The PW were randomized into 2 groups: LLRT (n = 14; loads necessary to perform 30–35 repetitions) and HLRT (n = 15; loads necessary to perform 8–12 repetitions). The greater magnitude of increase in LFFM (p = 0.033) was observed in LLRT when compared with HLRT. Moreover, there was a trend for a greater increase in TFFM in LLRT over HLRT (p = 0.070). However, there were similar improvements in TNF-α and muscular strength (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the RT schemes on IL-6, IL-1ra, and eHSP70 levels. Thus, although performing LLRT until, or close to, voluntary concentric failure seems to provide a greater stimulus for an increase in muscle mass than HLRT, it does not seem to affect the responses in circulating inflammatory biomarkers, muscular strength, and physical performance in PW.
Mechanical Characteristics of Heavy vs. Light Load Ballistic Resistance Training in Older Adults
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Carlos , Alcazar Julian , Sánchez-Martín Coral , Ara Ignacio , Csapo Robert , Alegre Luis M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rodriguez-Lopez, C, Alcazar, J, Sánchez-Martín, C, Ara, I, Csapo, R, and Alegre, LM. Mechanical characteristics in heavy vs. light load ballistic resistance training in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2094–2101, 2022—Although power-oriented resistance training (RT) is strongly recommended to counter age-related neuromuscular function declines, there is still controversy about which intensities of load should be used to elicit optimal training adaptations. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of power-oriented RT performed at different intensities might help to better understand the training stimulus that triggers load-dependent adaptations in older adults. Using a cross-over design, 15 well-functioning older volunteers (9 men and 6 women; 73.6 ± 3.8 years) completed 2 volume × load-matched ballistic RT sessions with heavy (HL: 6 × 6 × 80% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) and light-load (LL: 6 × 12 × 40% 1RM) on a horizontal leg press exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanical variables (work, force, velocity, and power) as well as intraset neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., relative losses in force, velocity, and power) were analyzed. More concentric mechanical work was performed in the LL training session, compared with HL (36.2 ± 11.2%; p < 0.001). Despite the higher mean EMG activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle (13.2 ± 21.1%; p = 0.038) and greater concentric force (35.2 ± 7.6%; p < 0.001) during HL, higher concentric velocity (41.0 ± 12.7%, p < 0.001) and a trend toward higher concentric power (7.2 ± 18.9%, p = 0.075) were found for LL. Relative velocity losses were similar in both sessions (≈10%); however, relative force losses were only found in LL (7.4 ± 6.5%, p = 0.003). Considering the greater mechanical work performed and concentric power generated, ballistic RT using LL may, therefore, represent a stronger stimulus driving training adaptations as compared with volume × load-matched heavy-load training. Relative losses in force and power should be monitored in addition to velocity losses during ballistic RT.
Assessing Interlimb Asymmetries: Are We Heading in the Right Direction?
Authors: Dos’Santos Thomas , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The investigation of interlimb asymmetries has increased in recent years, with practitioners and researchers typically exploring the impact of interlimb asymmetry on athletic performance, screening interlimb asymmetry in relation to injury risk, and monitoring of interlimb asymmetry during injury rehabilitation. A contentious issue regarding the profiling of interlimb asymmetry is the use of thresholds to determine whether an athlete displays a “meaningful” or potentially “problematic” asymmetry and how to interpret such data. This article aims to outline the potential options available for practitioners and researchers regarding the quantification, monitoring, and interpretation of interlimb asymmetries. A video abstract is available for this article (http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A296).
Mechanisms and Trainability of Peripheral Fatigue in Grappling
Authors: Øvretveit Karsten , Laginestra Fabio Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Grappling is an ancient form of unarmed combat that has evolved into several distinct combat sports, such as wrestling, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Despite different styles and rulesets, these sports share several fundamental principles, such as the use of grips to control the opponent. Unsurprisingly, there is a discrepancy in grip strength parameters between grapplers of varying skill levels, and grip performance is also implicated in competition success. This article explores the mechanistic basis of peripheral fatigue and proposes strength and conditioning strategies aimed at attenuating the grappling-induced decline in force-generating capacity and endurance of the forearms and hands.
New Roles for Clinicians in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zeng Fengyi , Liang Xiaowen , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the rapid developments of digital picture processing, pattern recognition, and intelligent algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the medical field. The applications of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM) include diagnosis generation, therapy selection, healthcare management, disease stratification, etc. Among the applications, the focuses of AIM are assisting clinicians in implementing disease detection, quantitative measurement, and differential diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment selection. Thus, researchers focus on creating and refining modeling processes, including the processes of data collection, data preprocessing, and data partitioning as well as how models are configured, evaluated, optimized, clinically applied, and used for training. However, there is little research on the consideration of clinicians in the age of AI. Meanwhile, AI is more accurate and spends less time in diagnosis between the competitions of AI and clinicians in some cases. Thus, AIM is gradually becoming a hot topic. Barely a day goes by without a claim that AI techniques are poised to replace most of today’s professionals. Despite huge promise surrounding this technology, AI alone cannot support all the requirements for precision medicine, rather AI should be used in cohesive collaboration with clinicians. However, the integration of AIM has created confusion among clinicians on their role in this era. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new roles for clinicians in the age of AI.

Statement of significance

With the advent of the era of AI, the integration of medical field and AI is on the rise. Medicine has undergone significant changes, and what was previously labor-intensive work is now being solved through intelligent means. This change has also raised concerns among scholars: Will doctors eventually be replaced by AI? From this perspective, this study elaborates on the reasons why AI cannot replace doctors, and points out how doctors should change their roles to accelerate the integration of these fields, so as to adapt to the developing times.
BDNF Activates Postsynaptic TrkB Receptors to Induce Endocannabinoid Release and Inhibit Presynaptic Calcium Influx at a Calyx-Type Synapse
Authors: Wu Yichen , Liu Qingzhuo , Guo Bin , Ye Fangfei , Ge Jianlong , Xue Lei 
Published: September 2020

Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been shown to play critical roles in neural development, plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main function of BDNF in the brain is widely accepted to be synaptic regulation. However, how BDNF modulates synaptic transmission, especially the underlying signaling cascades between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the actions of BDNF at rat calyx-type synapses of either sex by measuring the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and presynaptic calcium current and capacitance changes. We found that BDNF inhibits the EPSC, presynaptic calcium influx, and exocytosis/endocytosis via activation of the presynaptic cannabinoid Type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). Inhibition of the CB1Rs abolished the BDNF-induced presynaptic inhibition, whereas CB1R agonist mimicked the effect of BDNF. Exploring the underlying signaling cascade, we found that BDNF specifically activates the postsynaptic TrkB receptors, inducing the release of endocannabinoids via the PLCγ/DGL pathway and retrogradely activating presynaptic CB1Rs. We also reported the involvement of AC/PKA in modulating vesicle endocytosis, which may account for the BDNF-induced calcium-dependent and -independent regulation of endocytosis. Thus, our study provides new insights into the BDNF/endocannabinoid-associated modulation of neurotransmission in physiological and pathologic processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBDNF plays critical roles in the modulation of synaptic strength. However, how BDNF regulates synaptic transmission and its underlying signaling cascade(s) remains elusive. By measuring EPSC and the presynaptic calcium current and capacitance changes at rat calyces, we found that BDNF inhibits synaptic transmission via BDNF-TrkB-eCB signaling pathway. Activation of postsynaptic TrkB receptors induces endocannabinoid release via the PLCγ/DGL pathway, retrogradely activating the presynaptic CB1Rs, inhibiting the AC/PKA, and suppressing calcium influx. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of BDNF/endocannabinoid-associated modulation of neuronal activities.
Obtaining low-energy cement from industrial raw material
Authors: Zhanikulov N. N. , Taymasov B. T. , Borisov I. N. , Dauletiyarov M. S. , Aitureev M. Zh. , Dzhanmuldaeva J. K. 
Published: September 2020

The results of obtaining Portland cement by lowenergy technology using technogenic raw materials are presented. Coal wastes and tephritobasalt in a ratio of 1: 1 were used as the clay component, instead of scarce pyrite cinder, granular lead slags were used. The regularities of the influence of the compositions of the blends, saturation coefficient, silicate and alumina modules, firing modes on the chemical and mineral composition and quality of clinker and cement are established. The composition of the raw mixes was calculated according to the ROCS program, the content of free CaO in the clinker was determined. The strength of experimental cement was tested after 7 and 28 days of hardening. Its physical and mechanical characteristics and structure were studied.
Some Comments to R. Aquila&apos;s Paper ‘Kantian Appearances, Intentional Gegenstände, and Some Varieties of Phenomenalism’
Authors: Katrechko Sergey 
Published: September 2020

In my commentary, I write, firstly, of the dualistic (ambivalent) use of the concept ‘appearance’ by Kant and, secondly, of the need for a semantic (referential) interpretation of the Kantian concept ‘‘appearance’ as opposed to intentional interpretation of R.Aquilla. In his reply to my objections, R. Aquila precisies his initial position and gives additional arguments in it’s favor.
Factors Associated To the Onset of Mental Depression among Young Adults at the Yaounde Central Hospital
Authors: BASSONG MANKOLLO Olgayvonne , Andela Kounou Therese 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Mental depression is the most common mental health illness. The burden related to this condition is very important worldwide. Depression represents a highly prevalent public health concern in Cameroon, particularly within the city Yaounde. Young adults aged 20-40 years, searching for life stability, and consulting general medical practitioners are vulnerable. This study was to analyze factors associated to the onset of depression among young adults at the Yaounde Central Hospital (YCH). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted among 124 participants aged 20-40 years at the YCH. Data was collected through two questionnaires between October and November 2019. Chi-square tests and logistic polytomous regression were performed using CSPRO 7.3, SPSS.25, STATA & SPAD softwares. Results: The mean age was 33.19 ±6.19, with 54.8% women and 45.2% men. Moderate depression was the most represented (53.2%). Depression’s onset was significantly associated to educational level (P=0.016), the experience of work-related sexual harassment (P=0.003), having suffered from a chronic illness (P=0.022) and social isolation (P=0.000). Individuals with a not higher than primary educational level were 3.18 (P=0.003; 95% C.I. 0.52-32.67) times more prone to develop severe rather than moderate depression, compared to their highly educated counterparts. The risk for severe depression was 10.31 (95% C.I 5.22- 12.60) times greatly increased among those that reported work-related sexual harassment. Conclusions: A focus should therefore be placed on strategies ensuring young adults’ mental wellbeing within the social, academic, professional and clinical spheres.
Keywords: Factors associated, mental depression, young adults, Yaounde Central Hospital
Analysis on the Regulatory Effect of Financial Policies on China’s Real Estate Market
Authors: Hu Haisheng 
Published: September 2020

<p>To deal with the negative problems emerged in the rapidly developing real estate market in the recent years, the government of China has put forward some corresponding financial policies, which aimes to regulate the real estate market macroscopically. Based on this, this article analyzes the regulatory effect of financial policies on the real estate market. Starting with the necessity of macro-control policies and combining with the actual conditions, it expounds the financial policies adopted in China in recent years and the achieved results. Meanwhile, this article puts forward some specific strategies to strengthen the regulatory effect in order to promote the stable development of the real estate market.</p>
The Impact of Mobile Payments on China's Economy
Authors: Rui Yingjian , Huang Youyan , Pan Guangxin 
Published: September 2020

<p>The rapid development of modern science and information technology has let China change a lot, exerting a great impact on people’s daily life. The combination of the modern science and information technology has led to a new way of payment: mobile payment. Mobile payment has consciously or unconsciously influenced our daily life and the development of China. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of mobile payment will be analyzed briefly so as to predict the developing trend of China’s mobile payment industry.</p>
Identifikasi Lemak Tikus Pada Bakso Daging Sapi di Km 9 Palembang dengan Instrumen Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Authors: Hernanda Muhammad , Saputri Risma Dewi , Sari Luffiya Yulia , Marlina Rini , Putra Riandy 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK
Masalah kehalalan produk pangan di Indonesia mendapat perhatian khusus adanya cemaran daging bersifat non-halal. Salah satunya daging tikus pada produk halal makanan bakso KM 9 Palembang. Percobaan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu dasar tercapainya penjaminan produk halal terhadap produk bakso sapi, agar tidak tecemar daging tikus non-halal. Penggunaan spektrofotometri FTIR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya daging tikus pada bakso sapi secara kualitatif. Sampel bakso sapi diekstrak dengan kloroform menggunakan corong pisah pada suhu ruang. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat cemaran tikus pada bakso daging sapi yang dibuktikan oleh spektra FTIR dan uji kualitatif yang telah dilakukan.
Kata Kunci: Bakso Sapi; Fourier Transform Infrared; Lemak Tikus; Produk Halal
Fleksibilitas Makna Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Khitam Achmad Khusnul 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Semantic flexibility is one of linguistic phenomenon which represents dynamic relation attached between text, lexical meaning and implied meaning. One of linguistic phenomenon in this issue is technically called semantic shift. In this regard, a word is mentioned but it is intended to something else.
Data Collection Method. This article uses two techniques to compile the data; sadap (observation) and catat (notation) techniques.
Analysis Data. This article uses semantic approach and analytic descriptive method to analyze the data.
Results and Discussions. It is found from this research, that the relation between lexical meaning and implied meaning has many patterns, such as partial relation, causal relation, temporal relation, institution-location relation, etc. From this point, it can be referred that metonimy is similiar to majāz mursal in Arabic rethorical tradition. It is also found that metonimia has some importants secrets on its usage, such as giving power effect on the message, giving firmness and conviction to the audiences and describing the message with real and obvious description.
Conslusion. Conclusively, this article found that the Qur’an, as a sacred text in Arabic language does not only use explicit sentences to deliver message, but also uses implicit sentence (majaz) frequently. In fact, it is represented in multi various kinds of relation between text and meaning.
Keywords: Semantic shift, flexibility, Metonimy, Qur’an