bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Concise Review on Nano‐emulsion Formation by the Phase Inversion Composition (PIC) Method
Authors: Feng Jin , Rodríguez‐Abreu Carlos , Esquena Jordi , Solans Conxita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNano‐emulsion formation by the phase inversion composition method is reviewed. The relationship between phase behavior and nano‐emulsion formation is revised with emphasis on the key role of phase transitions involving changes in the sign of the curvature of the surfactant layer (inversion) via zero‐average‐curvature structures such as bicontinuous microemulsions or lamellar liquid crystalline phases. The different low‐energy methods that can be involved in a nano‐emulsification process at constant temperature are also discussed.
Kinetics of catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol using carbonized agro‐waste
Authors: Bhusari Amol A. , Mazumdar Bidyut , Rathod Ajit P. , Khonde Ruta D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research work was to investigate the kinetics of esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol through the variation of experimental parameters. The reaction mixture was catalyzed heterogeneously by a sulfonated catalyst in batch mode of operation. The catalyst was prepared from abundantly available agro‐waste, Cajanus cajan husk by chemical activation process, which produces a carbon‐based solid catalyst with high surface area. The catalyst was characterized by a Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller surface analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to know the surface morphology. Process parameters such as contact time, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading, which can influence the extent of conversion of reactants, were studied. Furthermore, the kinetic investigation was also carried out to estimate the kinetic parameters for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction using the second‐order pseudo‐homogeneous (P‐H), Eley‐Rideal (E‐R), and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH) kinetic models for this research work. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, preexponential factor, and the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy were estimated for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions using these three models. The process conditions were optimized for catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions to obtain the maximum product yield by minimizing root mean square error of each experimental data using the MS‐excel solver tool. Thus, this study reveals the high potential of an agro‐waste, Cajanus cajan husk as raw material for the synthesis of catalyst. The results show that the E‐R model is more appropriate for predicting the dynamic data of an esterification reaction, as the forward rate of reaction estimated using the E‐R model are more modified than P‐H and L‐H models.
Atmospheric corrosion kinetics and dynamics of electrogalvanized mild steel in southeastern coastal area of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Jamil Ishrat , Bano Humaira , Castano Juan G. , Zafar Faiza , Mahmood Azhar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine atmospheric corrosivity, corrodants, and corrosion products of southeastern coastal area of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor as per ISO protocols 9223 and 9225, and ASTM standards G1, G50, G140‐02, D4458‐94, and D2010. Test sites are located at National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Karachi Port Trust (KPT) at the banks of the Arabian Sea. Electrogalvanized mild steel test coupons were exposed, and levels of corrodants (sulfur dioxide, chloride, and time of wetness) were measured for a period of 24 months, from May 2014 to May 2016. Corrosivity category C5+ is established in terms of the corrosion rate for both NIO and KPT test stations, which does not coincide with the corrosivity category C5 ascertained by employing environmental characteristics and atmospheric corrodants. Corrosion kinetic parameter “n” and correlation coefficient (R2) are 0.71 and 0.97 for NIO and 0.96 and 0.97 for KPT, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy have corroborated the presence of simonkolleite and hydrozincite, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxychloride, and zinc in corrosion products at both test sites.
Supramolecularly Mediated Robust, Anti‐Fatigue, and Strain‐Sensitive Macromolecular Microsphere Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Wang Mingcheng , Zhao Weifeng , Chen Lin , Liu Hanbin , Jin Xilang , Ma Aijie , Zhang Gai , Jiang Danlie , Chen Weixing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogels are increasingly investigated and applied in flexible electronic devices, but their practical applications are often restricted by the poor mechanical and limited anti‐fatigue properties. This works reports an approach to robust, anti‐fatigue, and strain‐sensitive hydrogels by introducing macromolecular microsphere and mediating their supramolecular cross‐linking points. A model network composed of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) microspheres and poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/Fe3+ (poly(Am‐co‐AA)/Fe3+) is investigated. The resulting composite hydrogels have high tensile strength (4.29 MPa) and anti‐fatigue property. More interestingly, such composite hydrogels have strain‐dependent conductivity and can be applied in robust flexible strain sensors for monitoring various human motions. Overall, the hydrogels developed herein not only help to understand the enhancing mechanism of composite hydrogels, but also offer alternative materials for fabricating robust electronic devices.
Surface plasma resonance characteristics of cylindrical multilayer metal‐coated silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Yu Guanxia , Cao Ruoyu , Wang Huanhuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, the light scattering properties of cylindrical, three‐layer, silver‐coated silicon nanoparticles of the same size are investigated. Based on the T‐matrix methods, the light transmission and reflection characteristics of the multilayer structure are strictly derived. The scattering cross section (SCS) of the system and the near‐field Hz distribution are numerically calculated. The results show that surface plasmas (SPs) with different frequencies in the outer interface between the metal shell and air can be excited by the incident light and were resonant in different cavities formed by the silver‐coated silicon nanoparticles. When the incident light has higher frequencies, the SPs are excited at the inner interface between the silver shell and the silicon rod by the penetration of the light into the metal shell, and are resonant in the internal dielectric nuclei. These special SPs resonant phenomena have broad applications in the fields of surface plasma resonance sensors and detector.
Pseudospectral frequency‐domain analysis of rectangular waveguides filled by dielectrics whose permittivity varies continuously along the broad dimension
Authors: Pereda José A. , Grande Ana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe calculation of dispersion diagrams and field patterns of metallic rectangular waveguides filled with an inhomogeneous dielectric whose permittivity varies continuously along the broad size of the guide is considered. In general, this problem has no exact solution, thus numerical techniques should be used. In this article, the pseudospectral frequency‐domain (PSFD) method is proposed to address the problem. Starting from the Helmholtz equation, a matrix eigenvalue problem is obtained by applying the collocation technique with Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions. The results obtained are compared with those calculated by the conventional finite‐difference frequency‐domain method showing that the PSFD technique provides an excellent accuracy.
Feasibility study of macroscopic simulations of nanodosimetric parameters for proton therapy
Authors: Vasi Fabiano , Schmidli Kevin , Hälg Roger A. , Schneider Uwe 
Published: April 2020

PurposeIn view of the potential of treatment plan optimization based on nanodosimetric quantities, fast Monte Carlo methods for obtaining nanodosimetric quantities in macroscopic volumes are important. In this work, a “fast” method for obtaining nanodosimetric parameters from a clinical proton pencil beam in a macroscopic volume is compared with a slow and detailed method. Furthermore, the variations of these parameters, when obtained with the Monte Carlo codes TOPAS and NOREC, are investigated.MethodsMonte Carlo track structure simulations of 1 keV–100 MeV protons and 12 eV–1 MeV electrons in a volume of 8 nm

liquid water provided us with an atlas of cluster size distributions. Two kinds of ionization cluster size distributions were recorded, counting all ionizations or only ionizations directly produced by the primary particle. The simulations of the proton pencil beam were performed in two different ways. A “fast” method where only the protons were simulated and a “slow and detailed” method where protons and electrons were simulated in order to obtain spectra at different depths. The obtained spectra were then convoluted with cluster size distributions.ResultsIt was shown that the nanodosimetric quantity

from the “fast” method is, depending on the location, between 43.6% and 63.6% smaller than the

obtained by the “slow and detailed” method. However, it was also shown that variations of nanodosimetric quantities are even larger when the cluster size distributions of the electrons are simulated with the Monte Carlo code NOREC, that is, the cumulative

probabilities obtained with NOREC were between 50.8% and 75.5% smaller than the

probabilities obtained with TOPAS.ConclusionsAs long as the uncertainties of different Monte Carlo codes are not improved, it is feasible to only simulate protons in a macroscopic volume. It must be noted, however, that the uncertainty is in the order of 100%.
Impact of Spatial Management on Nontarget Species in an Oceanic Penaeid Trawl Fishery
Authors: Taylor Matthew D. , Silburn Jack , Booth David J. , Johnson Daniel D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Trawling is generally an unselective fishing method that is employed to harvest a number of species. Capture of nontarget species that are subsequently discarded is an important issue for trawl fisheries, especially penaeid trawl fisheries. While gear modifications are a common approach to manage this issue, maintaining areas that are closed to trawling may also have a positive impact on these nontarget species. This study systematically examined the diversity and abundance of nontarget species across a network of areas closed to trawling (trawl closure areas) relative to adjacent areas that were open to trawling. Analysis of nontarget species from 209 trawls and 72,787 animals (across 216 taxa) revealed some impact on both abundance and diversity within trawl closure areas. Latitude was a key variable that was driving differences in the taxonomic assemblage among locations. Within locations, there were inconsistent impacts for different nontarget species in trawl closure areas. Length distributions showed size truncation of abundant nontarget species in fished areas relative to adjacent trawl closure areas. While the impact of trawl closure areas varied among species, it was clear that the spatial management in the fishery provided some refuge for a diversity of nontarget species, observed in patterns of species richness, abundance, and population size structure. Latitudinal breadth appears to be an essential component of the trawl closure network, but localized effects may be important for maintaining reproductive capacity for nontarget species. These data highlight the broader utility of trawl closure networks as a management tool for trawl fisheries.
Adaptive reduced order modeling for nonlinear dynamical systems through a new a posteriori error estimator: Application to uncertainty quantification
Authors: Nurtaj Hossain Md. , Ghosh Debraj 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMultiquery problems such as uncertainty quantification (UQ), optimization of a dynamical system require solving a differential equation at multiple parameter values. Therefore, for large systems, the computational cost becomes prohibitive. This issue can be addressed by using a cheaper reduced order model (ROM) instead. However, the ROM entails error in the solution due to approximation in a lower dimensional subspace. Moreover, the ROM lacks robustness over a wide range of parameter values. To address these issues, first, an upper bound on the norm of the state transition matrix is derived. This bound, along with the residual in the governing equation, are then used to develop an error estimator for general nonlinear dynamical systems. Furthermore, this error estimator is used in conjunction with the modified greedy search algorithm proposed by Hossain and Ghosh (Int J Numer Methods Eng, 2018;116(12‐13): 741‐758) to adaptively construct a robust proper orthogonal decomposition‐based ROM. This adaptive ROM is subsequently deployed for UQ by invoking it in a statistical simulation. Two numerical studies: (i) viscous Burgers' equation and (ii) beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation, showed an improved accuracy of the error estimator compared to the current literature. A significant computational speed‐up in UQ is achieved.
A combined reduced order‐full order methodology for the solution of 3D magneto‐mechanical problems with application to magnetic resonance imaging scanners
Authors: Seoane M. , Ledger P. D. , Gil A. J. , Zlotnik S. , Mallett M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe design of a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner requires multiple numerical simulations of the same magneto‐mechanical problem for varying model parameters, such as frequency and electric conductivity, in order to ensure that the vibrations, noise, and heat dissipation are minimized. The high computational cost required for these repeated simulations leads to a bottleneck in the design process due to an increased design time and, thus, a higher cost. To alleviate these issues, the application of reduced order modeling techniques, which are able to find a general solution to high‐dimensional parametric problems in a very efficient manner, is considered. Building on the established proper orthogonal decomposition technique available in the literature, the main novelty of this work is an efficient implementation for the solution of 3D magneto‐mechanical problems in the context of challenging MRI configurations. This methodology provides a general solution for varying parameters of interest. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are proven by applying it to challenging MRI configurations and comparing with the full‐order solution.
Development of family‐based follow‐up care system for patients with burn in Iran: Participatory action research
Authors: Lotfi Mojgan , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Ostadi Ali , Jalili Fazel Maryam , Nobakht Afsaneh , Khajehgoodari Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAfter the discharge of patients with burns, quality of life, psychological and social adjustment, performance and their follow‐up are ambiguous. Therefore, we decided to improve the status of family‐based care programmes in patients with the burn.DesignParticipatory action research.MethodsThe participatory action research was conducted between the Faculty of Nursing, Sina Hospital's managers and multidisciplinary burn teams from 2017–2018. The procedure for data collection included focus group meetings with key informants, interviews, observation, and questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis and qualitative data were analysed by SPSSv.24.ResultsThe study, comprised of four phases, started in May 2017 and completed in 9 months. The results of quantitative showed that quality of life has a statistically significant difference before and after the action. The qualitative data resulted were grouped into 3 categories and 28 subcategories and were analysed in the SWOT Matrix. All the multidisciplinary burn teams together with the managers as a team working of the care providers and the academic researcher resulted in enablers the changes in providing health education and services as well as improving the quality of life of patients and their families.
A case of glandular odontogenic cyst with mandibular segmental resection and secondary reconstruction
Authors: Yusa Kazuyuki , Ishikawa Shigeo , Yamanouchi Hideyuki , Edamatsu Kaoru , Hemmi Tomoharu , Ueda Shouhei , Kabasawa Takanobu , Iino Mitsuyoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon cyst that is locally aggressive and has recurring potential. This report presents a case of GOC that was successfully treated using segmental resection and reconstruction with particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM). We report the case of a 56‐year‐old woman with GOC. She underwent left mandibular segmental resection and secondary reconstruction with PCBM. At the 2‐year follow‐up, healing was satisfactory with no sign of recurrence, and an esthetically satisfactory outcome was achieved. Segmental resection and mandibular reconstruction have contributed to maintain patient's facial appearance with no sign of recurrence.
Weight loss and persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg by obesity class in the real‐world effectiveness study in Canada
Authors: Wharton Sean , Haase Christiane L. , Kamran Elham , Liu Aiden , Mancini Johanna , Neish Drew , Pakseresht Arash , Power G Sarah , Christensen Rebecca A. G. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryObjectiveLiraglutide 3.0 mg is associated with clinically significant weight loss in clinical trials, but real‐world data are lacking. In this analysis, weight loss and persistence outcomes with liraglutide 3.0 mg were assessed across obesity classes, in a real‐world clinical setting.MethodsSecondary analysis of an observational, retrospective study of liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management (as adjunct to diet and exercise) at six Wharton Medical Clinics in Canada. Patients were categorized by body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) into obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9); class II (BMI 35–39.9); and class III (BMI ≥40). Change in weight, categorical weight loss, time to maintenance dose (defined as the time to reach the full liraglutide 3.0 mg maintenance dose) and persistence were assessed for each class and for differences between classes.ResultsOf 308 patients, 70 (22.7%) had obesity class I, 83 (26.9%) obesity class II and 155 (50.3%) obesity class III. Similar percentage change in weight was observed between obesity classes (mean [standard deviation, SD]: −7.0% [6.0], −6.6% [6.0] and −6.1% [5.0], respectively; p = .640), and similar proportions achieved ≥5% weight loss (60.4%, 62.0% and 55.3%, respectively; p = .717) at 6 months. Mean time to maintenance dose (SD) was 64.2 (56.4) d, 76.4 (56.3) d and 71.4 (54.5) d for obesity classes I, II and III, respectively (p = .509). Persistence with medication was also similar between obesity classes (p = .358).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that real‐world treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg, regardless of obesity class, is associated with similar clinically significant weight loss, time to maintenance dose and medication persistence.
TIM‐3 deficiency presenting with two clonally unrelated episodes of mesenteric and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Wegehaupt Oliver , Groß Miriam , Wehr Claudia , Marks Reinhard , Schmitt‐Graeff Annette , Uhl Markus , Lorenz Myriam , Schwarz Klaus , Kratz Christian , Niemeyer Charlotte , Ehl Stephan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis report offers novel clinical and diagnostic aspects of the association between germline mutations in HAVCR2 and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL). The patient presented with panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma involving mesenteric fatty tissue associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Five years later, he developed a clonally unrelated SPTCL and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Retrospectively, he was found to carry germline mutations in HAVCR2 associated with reduced T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (TIM‐3) expression. We show that mesenteric fatty tissue localization of SPTCL can be the presenting manifestation of TIM‐3 deficiency, that this condition predisposes to recurrent lymphoma, and that flow cytometry is a possible screening tool.
Preparation and multifunctional performance of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic composites for laminated structural batteries
Authors: Zhao Yueqing , Zhao Danni , Zhang Tao , Li Hongfu , Zhang Boming , Zhenchong Zhang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research focuses on the simultaneous maintenance of mechanical and electrochemical properties of laminated structural batteries (LSBs), using co‐continuous structural electrolytes and carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. A comparison is made between the electrochemical performance of LSB encapsulated by glass fabric composites and those directly integrated into coin cells. The electrochemical properties of LSB with different lay‐up configurations are evaluated using charge/discharge cycling, and tensile/bending tests were carried out to evaluate their mechanical properties. The effect of lay‐up configurations on the multifunctional performance of LSB is also investigated. The results show that the self‐designed encapsulating method improves the load‐carrying capacity of batteries while sacrificing some electrochemical properties. The multifunctional performances of LSB having a CFRP composite anode with [0]2 lay‐up is the best among the four structures with different lay‐up configurations. Although further research is required to improve the electrochemical properties of LSB, the proposal and verification of this new encapsulating method are a significant contribution in the development of LSB.
On the effectiveness of the addition of milkweed floss fibers on processing and mechanical properties of PLA biocomposites
Authors: Ovlaque Pierre , Foruzanmehr MReza , Elkoun Saïd , Robert Mathieu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the reinforcement effect of milkweed (MW) floss, a smooth and homogeneous natural fiber with a wide hollow lumen, on bio‐based polymer composites. First, MW floss was thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology, surface roughness, and tensile and thermal resistance. Then, MW floss was compared to flax fibers, one of the most widely used natural fibers in the composite industry. Subsequently, bio‐based composites made of polylactic acid (PLA) and 1 wt% MW floss were produced by injection molding and compared to composites reinforced with 1 wt% of flax fibers. Finally, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and impact resistance of composites were determined. Results showed that MW floss, with respect to flax fibers, exhibits lower tensile modulus, ultimate tensile strength, surface roughness as well as a shorter critical length. Nonetheless, and despite the lower intrinsic properties of MW floss, UTS and impact resistance of MW/PLA composites were found to be 60% and 15% higher than those of Flax/PLA composites, respectively. In addition, micrographs of MW/PLA interface revealed a lack of adhesion in MW/PLA, which should be overcome by surface treatment in upcoming work.