bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene amplification of YB‐1 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer in association with aberrant androgen receptor expression
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Sekino Yohei , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Abe Tatsuro , Kinoshita Fumio , Imada Kenjiro , Ueda Shohei , Ushijima Miho , Nagakawa Shohei , Matsumoto Takashi , Kashiwagi Eiji , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Uchiumi Takeshi , Oda Yoshinao , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough Y‐box binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) is known to be overexpressed in prostate cancer, especially castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the mechanism of its overexpression remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of YB‐1 overexpression in CRPC. Gene amplification in CRPC cells and tissues was examined by public database analysis, and digital PCR. The significance of YB‐1 amplification for the YB‐1/androgen receptor (AR) axis and prognosis was examined by public database analysis and immunohistochemistry. YB‐1 amplification was mainly observed in CRPC tissues by public database analysis and confirmed in CRPC cells and tissues by digital PCR. Expression of YB‐1 was increased in CRPC tissues compared with treatment‐naïve tissues. Furthermore, YB‐1 and phosphorylated YB‐1 levels were associated with AR and AR V7 expression levels. Finally, YB‐1 amplification was associated with poor outcomes in CRPC. Taken together, the present findings suggest that YB‐1 amplification contributes to progression to CRPC through regulation of AR and AR V7 expressions, and that YB‐1 is a promising therapeutic target in CRPC.
Segmental versus extended colectomy for tumours of the transverse colon: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Morarasu Stefan , Clancy Cillian , Cronin Catherine T , Matsuda Takeru , Heneghan Helen M , Winter Desmond C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThere is no consensus on the appropriate extent of oncological resection for tumours of the transverse colon. Concerns regarding tumour factors such as pattern of lymph node spread and technical factors such as anastomotic perfusion lead to a variety of procedures being performed.MethodsA comprehensive search for published studies examining outcomes following segmental versus extended colectomy for transverse colon tumours was performed adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines. Random effects methods were used to combine data.ResultsSeven comparative series examining outcomes in 3395 patients were identified. Segmental colectomy results in shorter operating times (mean difference 15.80 min, 95% CI −20.98 to −10.62, P < 0.001) and less ileus (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33–0.81, P = 0.004). There was no difference in length of hospital stay (mean difference 1.53 days, 95% CI −3.79 to 0.73, P = 0.18). Extended colectomy results in a lower rate of anastomotic leak (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97, P = 0.04). There are fewer nodes retrieved in segmental colectomy (mean difference 7.60 nodes, 95% CI −9.60 to −5.61, P < 0.001) but no difference in disease recurrence (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.59–1.34, P = 0.56) or overall survival (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.68–1.4, P = 0.9).ConclusionsAvailable data are limited due to a lack of randomized controlled trials. However, based on current evidence, segmental resection for transverse colon tumours is associated with less ileus but lower lymph node yields and higher anastomotic leak rates. Length of stay is similar. Oncological outcomes are equivalent.
Yield of colorectal cancer at colonoscopy according to faecal haemoglobin concentration in symptomatic patients referred from primary care
Authors: McSorley Stephen T. , Digby Jayne , Clyde Danielle , Cruickshank Neil , Burton Paul , Barker Louise , Strachan Judith A. , Fraser Callum G. , Smith Karen , Mowat Craig , Winter Jack , Steele Robert J.C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimLower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are poor predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy by faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) concentration in symptomatic patients assessed in primary care by faecal immunochemical testing (FIT).MethodIn three Scottish NHS Boards, FIT kits (HM‐JACKarc, Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics Systems Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) were used by general practitioners to guide referrals for patients with lower GI symptoms (laboratory data studied for 12 months from December 2015 onwards in Tayside, 18 months from June 2018 onwards in Fife and 5 months from September 2018 onwards in Greater Glasgow and Clyde). Cases of CRC diagnosed at colonoscopy were ascertained from colonoscopy and pathology records.ResultsFour thousand eight hundred and forty one symptomatic patients who underwent colonoscopy after FIT submission were included. Of the 2166 patients (44.7%) with f‐Hb <10 µg Hb/g faeces (µg/g), 14 (0.6%) were diagnosed with CRC, with a number needed to scope (NNS) of 155. Of the 2675 patients (55.3%) with f‐Hb ≥10 µg/g, 252 were diagnosed with CRC (9.4%) with a NNS of 11. Of the 705 patients with f‐Hb ≥400 µg/g, 158 (22.4%) were diagnosed with CRC with a NNS of 5. Over half of those diagnosed with CRC with f‐Hb <10 µg/g had coexisting anaemia.ConclusionSymptomatic patients with f‐Hb ≥10 µg/g should undergo further investigation for CRC, while higher f‐Hb concentrations could be used to triage for urgency during the COVID‐19 recovery phase. Patients with f‐Hb <10 µg/g and without anaemia are very unlikely to be diagnosed with CRC and the majority need no further investigation.
Retrospective analysis of the histopathologic features of basal cell carcinomas in pediatric patients with basal cell nevus syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Cuong V. , Rubin Adam I. , Smith Anna , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBasal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused most often by a loss‐of‐function mutation in the Patched‐1 (PTCH1) gene. It is characterized by the development of varied benign and malignant tumors, including numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The PTCH1 gene is integral in hair follicle development and loss of function mutation may lead to BCCs with an infundibulocystic histopathology in BCNS patients. Few studies have described the histopathological features of BCCs in BCNS. The recognition of these histopathologic features by dermatologists, dermatopathologists, and others caring for children will allow earlier and more effective identification of BCNS. We performed a retrospective analysis of 25 BCCs in 11 patients aged 5 to 19 years with BCNS and evaluated the histopathologic features on hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained sections. Our study found that 80% of BCCs in BCNS patients occurred on the head and neck with 64% of the specimens demonstrating infundibulocystic differentiation. Infundibulocystic differentiation is a common finding in BCCs found in BCNS. The finding of cutaneous neoplasms consistent with BCC with infundibulocystic differentiation in children is common in pediatric patients with BCNS and can be considered to be an early marker of the disorder, prompting further clinical investigation.
Baseline white matter hyperintensities affect the course of cognitive function after small vessel disease‐related stroke: a prospective observational study
Authors: Fruhwirth V. , Enzinger C. , Fandler‐Höfler S. , Kneihsl M. , Eppinger S. , Ropele S. , Schmidt R. , Gattringer T. , Pinter D. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeCognitive impairment is a common sequel of recent small subcortical infarction (RSSI) and might be negatively affected by preexisting cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We investigated whether the course of cognitive function in patients with RSSI is influenced by the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), an important imaging feature of SVD.MethodsPatients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐proven single RSSI were tested neuropsychologically concerning global cognition, processing speed, attention, and set‐shifting. Deep and periventricular WMH severity was assessed using the Fazekas scale, and total WMH lesion volume was calculated from T1‐weighted MRI images. We compared baseline function and course of cognition 15 months after the acute event in patients with absent, mild, and moderate‐to‐severe WMH.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 82 RSSI patients (mean age: 61 ± 10 years, 23% female). At baseline, 40% had cognitive impairment (1.5 standard deviations below standardized mean), and deficits persisted in one‐third of the sample after 15 months. After age correction, there were no significant differences in set‐shifting between WMH groups at baseline. However, although patients without WMH (deep: p < 0.001, periventricular: p = 0.067) or only mild WMH (deep: p = 0.098, periventricular: p = 0.001) improved in set‐shifting after 15 months, there was no improvement in patients with moderate‐to‐severe WMH (deep: p = 0.980, periventricular: p = 0.816). Baseline total WMH volume (p = 0.002) was the only significant predictor for attention 15 months poststroke.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study demonstrates that preexisting moderate‐to‐severe WMH negatively affect the restoration of cognitive function after RSSI, suggesting limited functional reserve in patients with preexisting SVD.
Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to autosomal recessive variants in SLC13A5 gene
Authors: Matricardi Sara , De Liso Paola , Freri Elena , Costa Paola , Castellotti Barbara , Magri Stefania , Gellera Cinzia , Granata Tiziana , Musante Luciana , Lesca Gaetan , Oertel Julie , Craiu Dana , Hammer Trine B. , Møller Rikke S. , Barisic Nina , Abou Jamra Rami , Polster Tilman , Vigevano Federico , Marini Carla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAutosomal recessive pathogenic variants of the SLC13A5 gene are associated with severe neonatal epilepsy, developmental delay, and tooth hypoplasia/hypodontia. We report on 14 additional patients and compare their phenotypic features to previously published patients to identify the clinical hallmarks of this disorder.MethodsWe collected clinical features of 14 patients carrying biallelic variants in SLC13A5 and performed a PubMed search to identify previously published patients.ResultsAll patients presented clonic or tonic seizures in the first days of life, evolving into status epilepticus in 57%. Analysis of seizure frequency and developmental milestones divided into five epochs showed an evolutionary trajectory of both items. In the first 3 years of life, 72% of patients had weekly/monthly seizures, often triggered by fever; 14% were seizure‐free. Between the ages of 3 and 12 years, 60% become seizure‐free; in the following years, up to age 18 years, 57% were seizure‐free. After the age of 18 years, all three patients reaching this age were seizure‐free. Similarly, 86% of patients at onset presented mild to moderate developmental impairment and diffuse hypotonia. In late childhood, all had developmental delay that was severe in most. Benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine were the most effective drugs. Eight probands carried heterozygous compound variants, and homozygous pathogenic variants occurred in six. Literature review identified 45 patients carrying SLC13A5 gene pathogenic variants whose clinical features overlapped with our cohort. A peculiar and distinguishing sign is the presence of tooth hypoplasia and/or hypodontia in most patients.SignificanceAutosomal recessive pathogenic variants in SLC13A5 are associated with a distinct neonatal epileptic encephalopathy evolving into severe cognitive and motor impairment, yet with seizures that settle down in late childhood. Tooth hypoplasia or hypodontia remains the peculiar feature. The SLC13A5 gene should be screened in neonatal epileptic encephalopathies; its recessive inheritance has relevance for genetic counseling.
Epicutaneously sensitized food‐induced anaphylaxis is ameliorated with “oral tolerance” to antigen
Authors: Mori Yukari , Ugajin Tsukasa , Okada Kouhei , Handa Yutaro , Umemoto Naoshi , Iijima Hazuki , Igawa Ken , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood allergy is an antigen‐specific immunological adverse reaction after exposure to a given food. Multiple clinical studies showed that oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective for the prevention and treatment for food allergy that is developed in infants and children. However, the effectiveness of OIT for epicutaneously sensitized food allergy remains unclear. Previously, we established a mouse model of epicutaneous‐sensitized food allergy. In this model, systemic allergic reaction including intestinal and skin symptoms, such as anaphylaxis, was observed. We treated this model with OIT in two ways (OIT before sensitization or OIT during the sensitization phase) and evaluated the preventive effect of both methods. OIT before sensitization significantly ameliorated mast cell degranulation in sensitized skin, but there was no decrease in rectal temperatures or in mast cell degranulation in the jejunum. However, OIT administered during the sensitization phase significantly ameliorated the decrease in rectal temperature and mast cell degranulation in the skin and jejunum. OIT before sensitization increased the regulatory T cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), but not in the spleen, and it reduced antigen‐specific IgG, but not IgE, production compared with the non‐OIT control. However, OIT during sensitization caused a greater increase in regulatory T cells in both the MLN and spleen and reduced antigen‐specific IgE and IgG generation compared with the non‐OIT control group. Thus, OIT during the sensitization phase was effective for the prevention of epicutaneous‐sensitized food allergy.
The use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in functional magnetic resonance imaging—A systematic review
Authors: Rashid Mamoon , Singh Harjeet , Goyal Vishal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is presently one of the most popular techniques for analysing the dynamic states in brain images using various kinds of algorithms. From the last decade, there is an exponential rise in the use of the machine and deep learning algorithms of artificial intelligence for analysing fMRI data. However, it is a big challenge for every researcher to choose a suitable machine or deep learning algorithm for analysing fMRI data due to the availability of a large number of algorithms in the literature. It takes much time for each researcher to know about the various approaches and algorithms which are in use for fMRI data. This paper provides a review in a systematic manner for the present literature of fMRI data that makes use of the machine and deep learning algorithms. The major goals of this review paper are to (a) identify machine learning and deep learning research trends for the implementation of fMRI; (b) identify usage of Machine Learning Algorithms and deep learning in fMRI, and (c) help new researchers based on fMRI to put their new findings appropriately in existing domain of fMRI research. The results of this systematic review identified various fMRI studies and classified them based on fMRI types, mental diseases, use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The authors have provided the studies with the best performance of machine learning and deep learning algorithms used in fMRI. The authors believe that this systematic review will help incoming researchers on fMRI in their future works.
Split moult: time constraints or endogenous strategy?
Authors: Kiat Yosef , Izhaki Ido 
Published: October 2020

Plumage renewal is an important process in the avian yearly cycle, yet knowledge about the factors that shape moult strategies is far from complete. A varying proportion of individuals of several Palaearctic passerine species divide their flight‐feather moult between breeding and wintering areas. Here we focus on split moult, which includes retaining some or all the secondary feathers during the main moult period (interrupted moult) and later renewal of these feathers (complementary moult), after migration or breeding. We built a large moult database (213 species, 64 076 individuals) to describe split moult pattern in Palaearctic passerines, identify its frequency and test whether it is more common in long‐distance migrants than in short‐distance migrants and sedentary species. We found that first‐year individuals, tested shortly after the main moult period, exhibited interrupted moult, yet individuals tested later in the annual cycle also retained non‐moulted secondaries. In contrast, in most species, adults tested later in the annual cycle had fully renewed flight‐feathers. This would suggest that age may be a factor associated with the probability of exhibiting split moult, as this strategy was more common in adults than in first‐year birds. Furthermore, we found that interrupted and split moults occur more often among long‐distance migrants than among sedentary or short‐distance migrants. Our results probably imply that the split flight‐feather moult is not initiated in the first winter of the bird's life, as has been suggested in previous studies. In addition, the occurrence of split moult among long‐distance migrants in which the main moult takes place during the winter and among sedentary or short‐distance migratory species, suggests that split moult probably does not represent an evolutionary transition between summer and winter moult; in both species groups, an evolutionary transition towards winter moult is probably impossible. Based on our findings, we suggest that split moult may be a moult strategy that allows birds to cope with time and energy constraints during the main moult period by retaining part of their flight‐feathers and resuming their moult later in the yearly cycle.
Rapid synthesis of nanostructured porous silicon carbide from biogenic silica
Authors: Riikonen Joakim , Rantanen Jimi , Thapa Rinez , Le Nguyen T. , Rigolet Séverinne , Fioux Philippe , Turhanen Petri , Bodiford Nelli K. , Kalluri Jhansi R. , Ikonen Timo , Nissinen Tuomo , Lebeau Bénédicte , Vepsäläinen Jouko , Coffer Jeffery L. , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanostructured silicon carbide (SiC) is an exceptional material with numerous applications, for example, in catalysis, biomedicine, high‐performance composites, and sensing. In this study, a fast and scalable method of producing nanostructured SiC from plant materials by magnesiothermic reduction via self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) route was developed. The produced biogenic material possessed a high surface area above 200 m2/g with a SiC crystallite size below 10 nm, which has not been done previously by SHS. This method enables affordable synthesis of the material plant‐based precursors in a reaction that only takes a few seconds, thereby paving a way for nanostructured SiC production in high volumes using renewable resources. The material was also functionalized with carboxylic acid and bisphosphonate moieties, and its use as metal adsorbent in applications such as wastewater remediation was demonstrated.
Managerial discretion in revenue recognition amidst financial restatements and implications for GAAP compliance
Authors: Burnett Brian M. , Martin Gregory W. , Reppenhagen David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examine GAAP‐compliant and non‐compliant revenue accruals among non‐fraud, non‐error restated firm‐years. The restatement setting isolates and quantifies managerial discretion in the revenue recognition process and provides insight into the role of GAAP compliance in producing predictive information. We find consistent evidence that non‐GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals are predictive of future cash receipts and total sales. We find that this main result is strongest for accrued revenues rather than deferred revenues. We find additional evidence that non‐GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals are generally more or similarly predictive of future cash receipts or total sales when compared to GAAP‐compliant revenue accruals for both restated and non‐restated firm‐years. Our findings suggest that managers’ discretion provides predictive information in the restatement setting, where managers’ judgment is likely most prevalent. We also find that ex‐post compliance with US GAAP does not isolate and remove less predictive information. Last, we fail to find reliable evidence that managers in our sample use their discretion over revenue accruals to smooth revenues or to meet or beat revenue and earnings benchmarks.
iPad‐assistedreading fluency instruction for fourth graders with reading difficulties: A single case experimental design
Authors: Mize Min , Park Yujeong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of iPad‐assisted reading instruction for fourth‐grade students' oral reading fluency and their attitudes towards reading. Three fourth‐grade students at‐risk for reading disabilities participated in an iPad‐assisted repeated reading programme that integrated repeated reading, vocabulary instruction, error correction and feedback procedures. During each intervention session, the participants practiced reading a fourth grade‐level text, engaged in repeated reading with the intervention agent and repeatedly read the text three or four times with error correction. The oral reading rate for the fourth‐grade text that they practiced and a transfer text (i.e., new text that students have not practiced before) served as the primary dependent variables. Their attitudes towards reading were measured before and after the intervention. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, we showed that the iPad‐assisted repeated reading programme improved all participants' oral reading rates on both the grade‐level text and the transfer text. Implications of the study and future directions were discussed.
High prevalence and clinical impact of dynapenia and sarcopenia in Japanese patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Findings from the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Dynapenia study
Authors: Mori Hiroyasu , Kuroda Akio , Yoshida Sumiko , Yasuda Tetsuyuki , Umayahara Yutaka , Shimizu Sayoko , Ryomoto Kayoko , Yoshiuchi Kazutomi , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Matsuoka Taka‐aki , Shimomura Iichiro , Matsuhisa Munehide 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study aimed to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of sarcopenia and dynapenia, which are muscle weakness with and without low muscle mass, respectively, in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 1,328 participants with type 1 diabetes (n = 177), type 2 diabetes (n = 645) and without diabetes (n = 506). Sarcopenia was defined as a low grip strength and slow gait speed with low skeletal muscle mass index, whereas dynapenia was defined as low strengths of grip and knee extension with a normal skeletal muscle mass index. Participants without sarcopenia and dynapenia were defined as robust.ResultsAmong participants aged ≥65 years, sarcopenia and dynapenia were observed in 12.2% and 0.5% of individuals without diabetes, 42.9% and 11.4% of type 1 diabetes patients, and 20.9% and 13.9% of type 2 diabetes patients. In both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes patients, sarcopenic patients were significantly older and thinner, and showed a significantly higher rate of diabetic neuropathy than robust patients. In patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, dynapenic patients were older, and showed a higher rate of diabetic neuropathy and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than robust patients. Patients complicated with sarcopenia and dynapenia showed a significantly lower physical quality of life and higher rate of incidental falls than robust patients.ConclusionsSarcopenia and dynapenia were more frequent in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes than in individuals without diabetes, which might contribute to their impaired quality of life and incidental falls.