bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the impact of a smallpox attack in India and influence of disease control measures
Authors: Mohanty Biswajit , Costantino Valentina , Narain Jai , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Das Arpita , MacIntyre C Raina 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the impact of a smallpox attack in Mumbai, India, examine the impact of case isolation and ring vaccination for epidemic containment and test the health system capacity under different scenarios with available interventions.SettingThe research is based on Mumbai, India population.InterventionsWe tested 50%, 70%, 90% of case isolation and contacts traced and vaccinated (ring vaccination) in the susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered model and varied the start of intervention between 20, 30 and 40 days after the initial attack.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated and incorporated in the model the effect of past vaccination protection, age-specific immunosuppression and contact rates and Mumbai population age structure in modelling disease morbidity and transmission.ResultsThe estimated duration of an outbreak ranged from 127 days to 8 years under different scenarios, and the number of vaccine doses needed for ring vaccination ranged from 16 813 to 8 722 400 in the best-case and worst-case scenarios, respectively. In the worst-case scenario, the available hospital beds in Mumbai would be exceeded. The impact of a smallpox epidemic may be severe in Mumbai, especially compared with high-income settings, but can be reduced with early diagnosis and rapid response, high rates of case finding and isolation and ring vaccination.ConclusionsThis study tells us that if smallpox re-emergence occurs, it may have significant health and economic impact, the extent of which will depend on the availability and delivery of interventions such as a vaccine or antiviral agent, and the capacity of case isolation and treatment. Further research on health systems requirements and capacity across the diverse states and territories of India could improve the preparedness and management strategies in the event of re-emergent smallpox or other serious emerging infections.
Women’s satisfaction with their urban health extension programme and associated factors in Gondar administrative city, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Molla Sisay , Feleke Amsalu , Tsehay Chalie Tadie 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesEthiopia is a developing country striving to achieve universal health coverage using the health extension programme. There is limited evidence about Ethiopian women’s satisfaction with their urban health extension programme. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the level of women’s satisfaction with their urban health extension services and associated factors in Gondar administrative city of northwest Ethiopia and elucidate factors associated with its access and use.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsRandomly selected 744 women were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.OutcomeSatisfaction of women over 17 years of age with their urban health extension programme (use and services).ResultsSome 29.4% (95% CI 26.2 to 32.5) of women were satisfied with their urban health extension programme. Divorced women (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85), women in the age group of 45–53 years (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85), private employees (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85), unsatisfactory knowledge (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.25) and perceived accessibility of health extension workers (AOR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.17) were factors associated with women’s satisfaction with their urban health extension programme.ConclusionsWomen’s satisfaction with their urban health extension programme was low. This finding was associated with age, marital status, occupation, knowledge of participants and women’s perceived accessibility of services. Therefore, increasing awareness about the programme, promoting and improving accessibility of services, particularly by mothers, may augment the utilisation of the programme ultimately leads to efficient use of scarce healthcare resources in Ethiopia.
Exact Kantowski–Sachs spacetimes in Einstein–Aether scalar field theory
Authors: Leon Genly , Paliathanasis Andronikos , Dimakis N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExact and analytic solutions in Einstein–Aether scalar field theory with Kantowski–Sachs background space are determined. The theory of point symmetries is applied to determine the functional form of the unknown functions which defines the gravitational model. Conservation laws are applied to reduce the order of the field equations and write the analytic solution. Moreover, in order to understand the physical behaviour of the cosmological model a detailed analysis of the asymptotic behaviour for solutions of the gravitational field equations is performed.
Editorial
Authors: Fonseca Maria Augusta , Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Pacheco Ana Paula Sá e Souza 
Published: December 2020

A Jornada de Literatura e Cinema “Hiroshima mon amour”: poética, ética, história e subjetividade, ocorrida na Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, com apoio do Consulado Geral da França, e que foi organizada pelo Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada, em parceria com o Departamento de Línguas Modernas (francês), deu ensejo a esta publicação da revista Literatura e Sociedade, número 31. No corpo dos ensaios, celebrando 60 anos desse filme de Alain Renais, roteirizado por Marguerite Duras, os estudos publicados estão voltados para as relações entre literatura e cinema. Essa seção axial, organizada por Cleusa Rios Pinheiro Passos, Maria Cristina Vianna Kuntz e Maurício Ayer, abre com a apresentação da professora Cleusa Rios. Seguem-se as contribuições de Maria Cristina Vianna Kuntz, Laura Degaspare Monte Mascaro, Maria Luiza Berwanger da Silva, Júlia Simone Ferreira, Maurício Ayer, Celina Maria Moreira Mello, Alessandra Brum e Mateus Araújo.Na seção “Traduções”, o destaque é dado para dois importantes textos, o primeiro, “A história literária e a sociologia”, palestra de 1904 de Gustave Lanson, que tem tradução de Yuri Cerqueira dos Anjos. O segundo traz um raro e importante estudo do formalista e crítico russo Iúri Tyniánov, denominado “Fato literário” (1924), traduzido por David Gomiero Molina. As duas traduções são inéditas em português.
Historical and current extent of occurrence of the Caracal Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in India
Authors: Khandal Dharmendra , Dhar Ishan , Reddy Goddilla Viswanatha 
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the historical and current extent of occurrence of the Caracal Caracal Caracal in India between 1616 and April 2020. We collated 134 reports during this period. Historically, the Caracal was reported in 13 Indian states in nine out of 26 biotic provinces. Since 2001, the Caracal’s presence has been reported in only three states and four biotic provinces, with only two possible viable populations. Before 1947, the Caracal was reported from an area of 793,927km2. Between 1948 and 2000, the Caracal’s reported extent of occurrence in India decreased by 47.99%. From 2001 to 2020, the reported extent of occurrence further decreased by 95.95%, with current presence restricted to 16,709km2, less than 5% of the Caracal’s reported extent of occurrence in the 1948–2000 period.
Seasonal Variability of Subthermocline Eddy Kinetic Energy East of the Philippines
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Hui Yuchao , Qu Tangdong , Hu Dunxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeasonal modulation of subthermocline eddy kinetic energy (EKE) east of the Philippines and its associated dynamics are studied, using mooring measurements and outputs from an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model for the period from 2000 to 2017. Significantly high EKE appears below the thermocline in the latitude band between 5° and 14°N east of the Philippines. Separated by 10°N, the EKE in the northern and southern parts of the region shows nearly opposite seasonal cycles, with its magnitude reaching a maximum in early spring and minimum in summer in the northern part and reaching a maximum in summer and minimum in winter in the southern part of the region. Further investigation indicates that both baroclinic and barotropic instabilities are essential in generating the subthermocline eddies, but the seasonal variation of subthermocline EKE is mainly caused by the seasonal modulation of barotropic instability. The seasonal modulation of barotropic instability in the northern and southern part of the region is associated with the seasonal evolution of North Equatorial Undercurrent and Halmahera Eddy, respectively.
The role of Post-New Public Management in shaping innovation: the case of a public hospital
Authors: Melo Sara , De Waele Lode , Polzer Tobias 
Published: December 2020

This article examines how the Post-New Public Management administrative model adopted by a teaching hospital in Portugal shapes innovation processes. We find that innovation is a multi-level organizational phenomenon that relies substantially on the interplay of three factors: (1) trust-based professional autonomy at the individual level; (2) an intra-organizational collaborative approach in innovation (re)design at the team level; and (3) staff involvement/commitment towards the hospital’s strategy in the implementation of innovations at the organizational level. Additionally, innovation is facilitated by interconnected formal and informal processes that mutually reinforce each other. The study contributes to the literature on innovation and administrative models by providing a nuanced understanding of how intra-organizational innovation processes take place within a Post-New Public Management model. As such, it is one of the first attempts to empirically analyse and link the administrative model of Post-New Public Management with innovation. Points for practitioners This research provides an account of how a Post-New Public Management administrative model can foster intra-organizational innovation through collaboration across different hierarchies and professions. The article also helps to better understand the role of organizational dynamics at individual, team and organizational levels on innovation, as well as how these can shape and be shaped by formal and informal processes.
Home or hospital as the place of end-of-life care and death: A grounded theory study of parents’ decision-making
Authors: Papadatou Danai , Kalliani Vasiliki , Karakosta Eleni , Liakopoulou Panagiota , Bluebond-Langner Myra 
Published: December 2020

Background: While several studies have examined ‘what’ families want with regard to the place of a child’s end-of-life care and death, few have explored ‘how’ parents reach a decision. Aims: (1) to develop a model explaining how parents of a child with a life-threatening illness in Greece decide about the place of end-of-life care and death; (2) to identify the factors affecting decision-making; (3) to consider the implications for clinical practice. Design: Grounded theory study of bereaved parents using semi-structured open-ended interviews following Strauss and Corbin’s principles of data collection and analysis. Setting/participants: Semi-structured interviews with 36 bereaved parents of 22 children who died at home ( n = 9) or in a paediatric hospital ( n = 13) in Athens, Greece. Results: (1) Decisions regarding place of care and death were reached in one of four ways: consensus, accommodation, imposition of professional decisions on parents or imposition of parents’ decisions without including professionals. (2) Six factors were identified as affecting decisions: awareness of dying, perceived parental caregiving competence, perceived professional competence, parents’ view of symptom management, timing of decision-making, and being a ‘good parent’. (3) Decisions were clear-cut or shifting. Few parents did not engage in decisions. Conclusion: Parents’ decisions about place of end-of-life care and death are affected by personal, interpersonal, timing and disease-related factors. Parents are best supported in decision-making when information is presented clearly and honestly with recognition of what acting as ‘good parents’ means to them, and opportunities to enhance their caregiving competence to care for their child at home, if they choose so.
How to measure the effects and potential adverse events of palliative sedation? An integrative review
Authors: Belar Alazne , Arantzamendi María , Payne Sheila , Preston Nancy , Rijpstra Maaike , Hasselaar Jeroen , Radbruch Lukas , Vanderelst Michael , Ling Julie , Centeno Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Background: Palliative sedation is the monitored use of medications intended to relieve refractory suffering. The assessment of palliative sedation has been focused on the assess of the level of consciousness but a more comprehensive approach to assessment is needed. Aim: To understand how the potential effects and possible adverse events of palliative sedation in Palliative Care patients are measured. Design: Integrative review of most recent empirical research. Data sources: Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched (2010–2020) using the terms sedation, palliative care, terminal care, assessment. Limits included studies in English and adults. Inclusion criteria were: scientific assessment papers, effects and complications of palliative sedation; patients with incurable illness. Results: Out of 588 titles, 26 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The Discomfort Scale-Dementia of Alzheimer Type and Patient Comfort Score were used to assess comfort. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and The Ramsay Sedation Scale are the most used to measure its effect. Refractory symptoms were assessed through multi-symptom or specific scales; except for psychological or existential distress. Delirium was assessed using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale and pain through the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. The use of technical approaches to monitor effects is upcoming. There is lack of measurement of possible adverse events and variability in timing measurement. Conclusions: There are palliative care validated instruments to assess the sedation effect but this review shows the need for a more standardized approach when assessing it. Instruments should be used within an experienced and trained expert, providing a holistic assessment.
Does firm life cycle have impacts on managerial promotion tournament incentives?
Authors: Chowdhury Hasibul , Shams Syed 
Published: December 2020

We examine whether and how firm-level promotion tournament incentives for executives, measured by the pay gap between a chief executive officer (CEO) and non-CEO executives, vary in different corporate life-cycle stages. Results show that managerial tournament incentives are higher in growth and mature life-cycle stages than in introduction and decline stages. In additional analyses, we find that firms design compensation contracts for growth and mature life-cycle stages with a target to increase tournament incentives for non-CEO executives that induce managerial risk-taking behaviour, leading to high productivity and performance. JEL Classification: G30, M12
Improving eye screening practice among pediatric rheumatology patients receiving hydroxychloroquine
Authors: AlAhmed Ohoud , Way Amanda , Akoghlanian Shoghik , Barbar-Smiley Fatima , Lemle Stephanie , MacDonald Darby , Frost Emily , Wise Kelly , Lee Lindsey , Ardoin Stacy P , Sivaraman Vidya 
Published: December 2020

Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is commonly used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases related to its many benefits and favorable safety profile. Although HCQ retinopathy was considered to be uncommon, a prevalence of 7.5% was described in a recent study making early detection critical. The most updated screening guidelines by the American Academy of Ophthalmology were published in 2016; however, it lacked pediatric-specific recommendations and the overall compliance with screening guidelines was poor in previous studies. We developed a quality improvement (QI) initiative aiming to create institutional screening recommendations. Additionally, to increase eye screening in pediatric rheumatology clinic for patients receiving HCQ from 65% to 85% in 12 months and to sustain that rate for at least 6 months. Methods We formed a multidisciplinary team of pediatric rheumatologists and ophthalmologists, clinical pharmacist, clinic nurses, QI specialist, quality data technician and administrative staff. We included patients receiving HCQ and who were evaluated at Nationwide Children’s Hospital rheumatology clinic. A key driver diagram was formulated to identify barriers to compliance and determine possible interventions. Main interventions included summarizing screening guidelines in a step by step algorithm, increasing awareness of these guidelines among patients and providers, improving collaboration and communication with ophthalmologists, and initiating pre-visit planning. Results Baseline performance data included 164 patients. Fifty-four (33%) of those patients were at high risk for HCQ retinopathy. Of them, 50% were on HCQ dose of >5 mg/kg/day and 31.5% had been taking HCQ for ≥5 years. Two center line shifts were noticed over the course of the project. The target of 85% compliance was reached in February 2019 and was sustained until December 2019. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary communication to increase awareness of screening guidelines among medical providers and patients. Pre-visit planning played a major role in identifying patients and opportunities for optimizing eye screening in patients at risk for HCQ retinopathy. Collaboration between rheumatologists and ophthalmologists is crucial in managing patients on HCQ. The implementation of same-day eye screening allowed this collaboration to be more efficient. Future efforts are being directed at monitoring and improving utilization of the effective interventions.
Recurrent and reversible bilateral palmar blue discoloration following administration of liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (Vyxeos®) for acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes
Authors: Triesel Katherine , Chiang Timothy , Seabury Robert , Miller Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Introduction With novel treatment strategies for acute myeloid leukemia becoming more readily utilized in the clinical practice setting, new data on potential treatment-related adverse events also has become available. Case report We present a patient case on a previously unreported potential adverse event related to liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine administration. The patient experienced bilateral discoloration of the palms of his hands that resolved after completion of the treatment cycle, only to recur at cycle two of therapy. Management and outcome: No intervention was required as the condition resolved within a week of onset. Discussion With newer therapeutic modalities becoming more used in the clinical setting, it is important to understand the potential risks of treatment-related adverse events that come with them. To our knowledge this is the first case reporting blue-skin discoloration related to liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine.
The WeReha Project for an Innovative Home-Based Exercise Training in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Clinical Study
Authors: Bellomo Rosa Grazia , Paolucci Teresa , Saggino Aristide , Pezzi Letizia , Bramanti Alessia , Cimino Vincenzo , Tommasi Marco , Saggini Raoul 
Published: December 2020

Background: Telerehabilitation (TR) in chronic stroke patients has emerged as a promising modality to deliver rehabilitative treatment-at-home. The primary objective of our methodical clinical study was to determine the efficacy of a novel rehabilitative device in terms of recovery of function in daily activities and patient satisfaction and acceptance of the medical device provided. Methods: A 12-week physiotherapy program (balance exercises, upper and lower limb exercises with specific motor tasks using a biofeedback system and exergaming) was administered using the WeReha device. Twenty-five ( N = 25) chronic stroke outpatients were enrolled, and the data of 22 patients was analyzed. Clinical data and functional parameters were collected by Berg Balance scale (BBS), Barthel Index (BI), Fugl-Meyer scale (FM), Modified Rankin scale (mRS), and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and at the 12-week follow-up (T2). Statistical tests were used to detect significant differences ( P < .05), and Cohen’s (Co) value was calculated. Results: BI scores improved significantly after treatment ( P = .036; Co 0.776, medium), as well as BBS scores ( P = .008; Co 1.260, high). The results in FM scale ( P = .003) and mRS scores ( P = .047) were significant post treatment. Follow-up scores remained stable across all scales, except the BI. The A and C sub-scales of the TAM correlated significantly to only a T2 to T1 difference for BI scores with P = .021 and P = .042. Conclusion: Currently, the WeReha program is not the conventional therapy for stroke patients, but it could be an integrative telerehabilitative resource for such patients as a conventional exercise program-at-home. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03964662.
The modified Lindstedt–Poincare method for solving quadratic nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Yeasmin Ismot A , Rahman MS , Alam MS 
Published: December 2020

Recently, an analytical solution of a quadratic nonlinear oscillator has been presented based on the harmonic balance method. By introducing a small parameter, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations have been solved which usually appear among unknown coefficients of several harmonic terms. But the method is not suitable for all quadratic oscillators. Earlier, introducing a small parameter to the frequency series, Cheung et al. modified the Lindstedt–Poincare method and used it to solve strong nonlinear oscillators including a quadratic oscillator. But due to some limitations of both parameters, a changed form of frequency-related parameter (introduced by Cheung et al.) has been presented for solving various quadratic oscillators.
Barriers to knowledge acquisition and utilisation in child welfare decisions: A qualitative study
Authors: McCafferty Paul , Taylor Brian J 
Published: December 2020

Summary Permanency decisions in child welfare are recognised as being challenging. Nevertheless, society and the profession expect that professional judgements should be of the highest quality, consistent, reliable, fully justified and informed by evidence of what works, particularly where decisions are potentially life-changing. However, barriers to knowledge acquisition and utilisation exist, preventing practitioners from gaining the full range of knowledge they require, leading to permanency decisions being interventionist and protectionist in orientation (author, 2020). Think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews, in conjunction with a vignette, were used with social workers ( N = 17) in statutory services to explore barriers to knowledge acquisition and utilisation in permanency decisions for children in state care. Findings The main barriers to knowledge use were (1) misunderstanding or misuse of theory, (2) limitations in training and learning and (3) organisational issues. Applications By developing a real-world understanding of the barriers and listening to the views of the professionals themselves, we can begin to realistically inform policy and practice, with the aim of decreasing the barriers to knowledge acquisition and utilisation in permanency decision-making. If we appreciate the barriers to knowledge acquisition and utilisation in permanency decision-making more fully, then perhaps we can reduce them, thereby facilitating more fully informed decisions that best serve the individual needs of children and their families.