bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet recovery correlates parenchymal volume recovery after liver resection
Authors: Yamazaki Shintaro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Mitsuka Yusuke , Aoki Masaru , Midorikawa Yutaka , Moriguchi Masamichi , Higaki Tokio 
Published: January 2020

AimPlatelet count seems to assess liver function and predict liver regeneration, but factors associated with liver regeneration remain unclear. This study analyzed the relationship between platelet recovery and postresection liver regeneration.MethodsData from 343 candidates from 1245 consecutive patients with liver resection of more than Couinaud's segments were analyzed. Patients were divided into a low‐platelet‐recovery rate (LPRR) group (lowest 25%) or a control group on the basis of the platelet recovery rate on postoperative day (POD)7. Data were matched before analysis to adjust for operation scale. Trends in liver functional recovery were assessed, and liver volume recovery and remnant ischemic area was calculated using computed tomography volumetry. Factors predicting liver regeneration were analyzed.ResultsIn 78 matched‐pair patients, the all‐complications rate (42.3% vs. 26.9%, P = 0.002) and infectious complications rate (21.8% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.027) were significantly higher in the LPRR group than in controls. Trends in liver functional recovery did not differ significantly, whereas significant differences remained for platelet recovery. Parenchyma volume recovery was delayed in the LPRR group from POD7 (84.5% vs. 78.1, P < 0.01) to POD30 (92.5% vs. 85.6, P < 0.01). Platelet recovery rate on POD7 correlated negatively with ischemic liver volume as evaluated on POD2 by computed tomography (r = 0.691). Postoperative ischemic volume on POD2 (5.41 [1.98–11.21], P < 0.001), infectious complications (3.48 [1.44–7.37], P < 0.001), and multiple resection (1.67 [1.10–4.11], P = 0.011) predicted delayed platelet recovery rate on multivariate analysis.ConclusionPlatelet recovery correlated with liver volume recovery and occurrence of complications. Large ischemic area might negatively impact regeneration after liver resection.
Change of fatty acid esters of MCPD and glycidol during restaurant deep frying of fish nuggets and their correlations with total polar compounds
Authors: Xu Lirong , Zhang Yuanbo , Gong Mengyue , Huang Jianhua , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xiaosan , Wang Xingguo 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis study examined the fatty acid esters of 2‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (2‐MCPD), 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GEs) in frying oils during fish nuggets deep frying. The 3‐MCPD esters significantly increased in the first 12 h and then decreased, whereas 2‐MCPD esters increased to a maximum at 24 h (0.69–0.81 mg kg−1) and then decreased. The GEs decreased with frying time and degraded to approximately 0.05 mg kg−1 after 36 h in all frying oils. The correlation results showed that the 3‐MCPD esters had a positive correlation with 2‐MCPD esters (R = 0.910), so 3‐MCPD esters could be an indicator of the presence of MCPD esters in frying oils. Strong correlations were found between MCPD esters and the peroxide values and p‐anisidine values, indicating that changes in MCPD esters may be related to oil oxidation. These results may improve our understanding of MCPD esters and GEs in frying oils and find ways to control them during frying.
Influence of hydrocolloid type on structural breakdown of vegetable purees during in vitro digestion
Authors: Salvador Ana , Sanz Teresa 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of hydrocolloids on the reformulation of pureed zucchini to obtain a healthy food. Changes in the rheological properties after in vitro digestion and in the sensory acceptability of purees were studied. After saliva addition, the carrageenan puree was the sample that kept its structure more stable with similar G′ and G″ values, whereas the guar gum and HPMC purees exhibited a very small decrease in the viscoelastic functions after mixing with saliva and the starch puree was completely degraded due to the effect of amylase. Regarding sensory properties, the scores of the carrageenan puree were the ones that were closest to the starch puree, so carrageenan puree is a good option for preparing a healthy food without any significant modification in its structure after digestion and in the sensory acceptability properties of a traditional puree.
The Indonesian version of the Medical Outcome Survey ‐ Short Form 12 version 2 among patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wicaksana Anggi Lukman , Maharani Erika , Hertanti Nuzul Sri 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to examine psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 12 version 2 (SF12v2).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in three primary healthcare units in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Patients with cardiovascular diseases who were able to respond to questionnaires and provide their consent were invited. The validity test included face, content, discriminant, and construct validity. The internal consistency was used as the reliability indicator.ResultsThe item and subscale of content validity index were 0.97 and 0.83, respectively. The instrument had 100% for equivalence and clarity outcomes, whereas the readability outcome was 91.7%. More than 80% of participants agreed and considered SF12v2 understandable. The correlations among physical and mental subscales were substantial, supporting discriminant validity. The Bartlett test of sphericity was significant with the Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin test of 0.74. The principal component analysis resulted in eight components, explaining 88.4% of total variance. α coefficients for subscale were ranging from.58 to.81, whereas the physical and mental component summaries were.77 and.67, respectively.ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of SF12v2 indicated a reliable and valid instrument. The SF12v2, available in a Bahasa Indonesia version, is an applicable instrument to assess quality of life on patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of nano‐grain structures and surface defects on fracture of micro‐scaled polysilicon components
Authors: Xu Ran , Hu Xiaozhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines a simple fracture model for microscopically heterogeneous polysilicon components when Griffith theory applicable only to homogeneous materials fails. The strength‐limiting micro/nano‐ surface defect a0 is linked to the nano‐scaled grain size G of polysilicon and bulk fracture properties. Here the a0/G ratio is not large enough for polysilicon to be considered as homogeneous. Two polysilicon materials, with laminated grain structures (G = 125 nm) and columnar grain structures (G = 285 nm), have been analyzed. The simple fracture model together with a normal distribution methodology can be used to predict both the mean and 96% reliability fracture curves for the micro/nano‐crack range bridging the classic Griffith theory and the non‐linear fracture model.
Adaptive management of an iconic invasive goat Capra hircus population
Authors: Cowan Dave P. , van der Waal Zelda , Pidcock Sally , Gomm Matthew , Stephens Nathalie , Brash Matthew , White Piran C.L. , Mair Louise , Mill Aileen C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe the first use of fertility control to manage a free‐living mammal population in Europe. An immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon) was used to reduce female fertility in an invasive feral goat Capra hircus population. Adaptive management was implemented to assess the feasibility of fertility control and to allow prediction of the required level of vaccination to limit goat numbers. The individual probability of breeding success decreased for two years following treatment. Understanding the population demographics alongside modelling of the individual and population‐level responses to the vaccine is important for future management.
Quantifying breast milk intake by term and preterm infants for input into paediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Yeung Cindy H.T. , Fong Simon , Malik Paul R.V. , Edginton Andrea N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the many benefits of breast milk, mothers taking medication are often uncertain about the risks of drug exposure to their infants and decide not to breastfeed. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models can contribute to drug‐in‐milk safety assessments by predicting the infant exposure and subsequently, risk for toxic effects that would result from continuous breastfeeding. This review aimed to quantify breast milk intake feeding parameters in term and preterm infants using literature data for input into paediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic models designed for drug‐in‐milk risk assessment. Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to July 2, 2019. Key study reference lists and grey literature were reviewed. Title, abstract and full text were screened in nonduplicate. Daily weight‐normalized human milk intake (WHMI) and feeding frequency by age were extracted. The review process retrieved 52 studies. A nonlinear regression equation was constructed to describe the WHMI of exclusively breastfed term infants from birth to 1 year of age. In all cases, preterm infants fed with similar feeding parameters to term infants on a weight‐normalized basis. Maximum WHMI was 152.6 ml/kg/day at 19.7 days, and weighted mean feeding frequency was 7.7 feeds/day. Existing methods for approximating breast milk intake were refined by using a comprehensive set of literature data to describe WHMI and feeding frequency. Milk feeding parameters were quantified for preterm infants, a vulnerable population at risk for high drug exposure and toxic effects. A high‐risk period of exposure at 2–4 weeks of age was identified and can inform future drug‐in‐milk risk assessments.
Development of mouse models for the study of chloropicrin and hydrogen fluoride ocular injury
Authors: Causey Robert D. , Koenig Jeffrey A. , Autrey Jeffrey J. , McGowan Kevin J. , Gomez Amber M. , Lehman John G. , Ruff Albert L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe possibility of chemical terrorism within the United States is a rising concern, with the eye being one of the most sensitive tissues to toxicant exposure. We sought to develop mouse models of toxicant‐induced ocular injury for the purpose of evaluating potential therapeutics. Chloropicrin (CP) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) were selected for the study owing to their reportedly high potential to induce ocular injury. Eyes of female BALB/c mice were exposed to CP or HF vapor in order to produce a moderate injury, as defined by acute corneal epithelial loss followed by progressive corneal pathology with the absence of injury to deeper eye structures. Clinical injury progression was evaluated up to 12 weeks postexposure, where a significant dose‐dependent induction of corneal neovascularization was measured. Histopathology noted epithelial necrosis and stromal edema as early as 24 h after exposure but was resolved by 12 weeks. A significant increase in inflammatory cytokine concentrations was measured in the cornea 24 h after exposure and returned to baseline by day 14. The ocular injury models we developed here for CP and HF exposure should serve as a valuable tool for the future evaluation of novel therapeutics and the molecular mechanisms of injury.
More Royalist Than the King? Immigration Policy Attitudes Among Naturalized Citizens
Authors: Politi Emanuele , Chipeaux Marion , Lorenzi‐Cioldi Fabio , Staerklé Christian 
Published: January 2020

Social psychological research has analyzed immigration attitudes mostly from the perspective of natives without an immigrant background. Nevertheless, an increasing number of migrants obtain national citizenship and take a stance towards immigration policies. By studying immigration policy attitudes reported by naturalized citizens, this article develops a dual‐pathway model of immigrant political incorporation featuring pathways of either absorption or transformation. Based on a unique sample of immigrants who just accomplished the naturalization procedure (N = 566), we investigate participants' preferences for permissive or restrictive immigration policies as a function of their naturalization motives and expectations about how immigrants should acculturate in the receiving society (i.e., acculturation orientations). Our findings provide evidence for both processes of political absorption and transformation. On the one hand, belongingness motives underlying naturalization were connected to orientations towards host culture adoption, which in turn predicted support for restrictive immigration policies. On the other hand, instrumental motives were connected to orientations towards heritage culture maintenance, which in turn predicted support for permissive immigration policies. To conclude, we discuss the social psychological dynamics involved in the transition from national outsiders to national insiders and highlight the effects of naturalization on power relations between national majority and immigrant minority groups.
Peer observation to develop resident teaching
Authors: Ricotta Daniel N , Hale Andrew J , Freed Jason A , Taylor Jessica L , Smith Christopher C 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundDeveloping teaching skills is a fundamental part of physician postgraduate training. Although resident‐as‐teacher curricula are proliferating, there is no clear consensus on how best to train resident physicians as clinical teachers. Peer observation has been shown to be effective in other settings, including faculty development, and could be adopted for resident teaching skill development.MethodsThe authors developed a 5‐day resident‐as‐teacher training programme, founded on three principles: (i) focused seminars; (ii) authentic teaching experiences; and (iii) peer observation. To provide genuine teaching experiences, course participants taught regularly scheduled curricular sessions. Residents were partnered with a peer; each delivered two teaching sessions and provided two peer observations.ResultsEvaluations revealed the course had a ‘major impact’ on participants’ teaching. Significant improvements were observed in self‐reported comfort and confidence with teaching and in providing feedback. Peer observation was cited as the most effective component of the course. Nearly all residents were both comfortable receiving and providing peer‐observed feedback. A majority of residents reported that they were more likely to seek feedback as a result of the course. The faculty member time required was limited to 1–2 hours per individual.DiscussionPeer observation can be used effectively to engage residents and advance clinical teaching skills. Residents were generally comfortable giving and receiving feedback in peer‐observer dyads. Employing peer observation also reduced the amount of faculty member time needed to deliver resident‐as‐teacher programming, thereby facilitating the scalability of the programme. Allowing participants to teach during regular conference time allowed for smooth integration into the pre‐existing schedule for the training programme.
Exergy Analysis of Heat Recovery Steam Generator: Effects of Supplementary Firing and Desuperheater
Authors: Param Hanieh Khalili , Jianu Ofelia A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Comprehensive exergy analysis of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with two levels of delivered pressure is presented. The effects of supplementary firing as well as desuperheater set-point are considered to evaluate the exergy destruction of HRSG components. Burner firing rate is limited to a value that corresponds to the maximum allowable temperature of tube metal of high-pressure (HP) superheater. According to the exergy analysis performed in the current study, the exergy efficiency of HRSG is about 80% which means 20% of flue gas exergy (entering HRSG) is dissipated by HRSG destruction (∼14%) and stack exergy loss (∼6%). The stack exergy loss drops continuously as supplementary firing raises. It has also been determined that increasing the rate of supplementary firing boosts the exergy efficiency in the absence of water spray and reduces it when desuperheater is working. In addition, the exergy delivered to steam turbine shows a linear growth with burner heat while it is hardly affected by the set-point of desuperheater. Also, it is found that exergy loss through the stack is not sensitive to desuperheater set-point while it is on the decrease as burner duty raises. HP steam flow will raise with increasing the firing and/or decreasing the desuperheater set-point. HP evaporator has the most contribution in exergy destruction among HRSG components (∼40%), whereas HP superheater and desuperheater are components with a maximum sensitivity of exergy destruction to the amount of water spray.
Estimating on-Board Power Generation by Solar Photo-Voltaic Array Integrated Lighter-Than-Air Platform Under Variable Pitching Conditions
Authors: Ghosh Kuntal , Pawar Shriya Vijay , Banerjee Ayan Kumar , Guha Anirban , Duttagupta Siddhartha P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sustainable power generation on solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules integrated lighter-than-air platforms (LTAPs) is a daunting task since they are exposed to variable environmental factors such as wind, ambient air pressure, and incident solar insolation. Among these factors, the wind plays a significant role in destabilizing the system from its equilibrium position and affects the power generation. In this paper, we proposed a methodology for estimating the dynamics of power generation due to the destabilized pitching under different wind vectors. An alternative to the conventional fluid–structure interaction, a semi-analytical methodology has been formulated, utilizing commercial ansys fluent software, to estimate the pitching characteristics of lighter-than-air platform (LTAP). This pitching characteristic has been mapped to the body inertial frame for investigating the incident solar insolation followed by determining the corresponding power generation. The consequences of the envelope contour function (ECF) are also incorporated while characterizing the power generation. Furthermore, this study also provides scope for the placement of the solar PV array on LTAP in order to minimize losses in generated onboard power under variable pitching conditions.
Operator-Based Uncertainty Quantification of Stochastic Fractional Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Kharazmi Ehsan , Zayernouri Mohsen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fractional calculus provides a rigorous mathematical framework to describe anomalous stochastic processes by generalizing the notion of classical differential equations to their fractional-order counterparts. By introducing the fractional orders as uncertain variables, we develop an operator-based uncertainty quantification framework in the context of stochastic fractional partial differential equations (SFPDEs), subject to additive random noise. We characterize different sources of uncertainty and then, propagate their associated randomness to the system response by employing a probabilistic collocation method (PCM). We develop a fast, stable, and convergent Petrov–Galerkin spectral method in the physical domain in order to formulate the forward solver in simulating each realization of random variables in the sampling procedure.
Childhood socioeconomic conditions are associated with increased chronic low-grade inflammation over adolescence: findings from the EPITeen cohort study
Authors: Fraga Sílvia , Severo Milton , Ramos Elisabete , Kelly-Irving Michelle , Silva Susana , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Petrovic Dusan , Barros Henrique , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveEarly life adversity has been associated with increased risk of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association of childhood socioeconomic conditions with chronic low-grade inflammation over adolescence.MethodsWe used information on 2942 members (1507 girls and 1435 boys) of the EPITeen (Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto) cohort that was established in 2003 in Porto, Portugal, and included 13-year-old adolescents were further evaluated at 17 and 21 years. Mother’ and father’s education and occupation were used as indicators of childhood socioeconomic conditions. High-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured at three points in time (13, 17 and 21 years). hs-CRP levels were categorised in tertiles separately for each wave; chronic low-grade inflammation in adolescence was defined as having hs-CRP levels in the highest tertile in at least two waves and never in the lowest tertile.ResultsPrevalence of chronic low-grade inflammation during adolescence was significantly higher among participants with low parental socioeconomic position. Low parental socioeconomic position was associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in adolescence, after adjustment for sex, perinatal and physical environment factors, health-related behaviours and health status in adolescence OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.4 for lowest versus highest mother’s education and OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.3 for lowest versus highest father’s occupation.ConclusionLow childhood socioeconomic conditions are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation during adolescence. Our results suggest that the early life socioeconomic environment has an impact on inflammatory processes over adolescence.
Contact — but not foul play — dominates injury mechanisms in men’s professional handball: a video match analysis of 580 injuries
Authors: Luig Patrick , Krutsch Werner , Henke Thomas , Klein Christian , Bloch Hendrik , Platen Petra , Achenbach Leonard 
Published: January 2020

Aim
We aimed to identify patterns and mechanisms of injury situations in men’s professional handball by means of video match analysis.

Methods
Moderate and severe injuries (absence of >7 days) sustained in competition in one of six seasons (2010 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017) in men’s professional handball were prospectively analysed with a newly developed standardised observation form. Season 2013 to 2014 was excluded because of missing video material.

Results
580 injuries were identified: 298 (51.4%) contact injuries, 151 (26.0%) indirect contact injuries and 131 (22.6%) non-contact injuries. Head (87.5%), hand (83.8%), shoulder (70.2%) and ankle (62.9%) injuries were mainly sustained during direct contact. Typical contact injuries included collision with an opponent’s upper extremity or torso, and ankle injuries mainly consisted of foot-to-foot collisions. A large proportion (41.7%) of knee injuries were caused by indirect contact, whereas thigh injuries mainly occurred (56.4%) through non-contact mechanism. Wing (56.9%) and pivot (58.4%) players had the highest proportion of contact injuries, whereas backcourt players had a high proportion of indirect contact injuries (31.5%) and goalkeepers of non-contact injuries (48.9%). The injury proportion of foul play was 28.4%. Most injuries occurred in the central zone between the 6-metre and 9-metre lines (26.1%) and during the last 10 min of each match half (OR 1.71, p=0.016).

Conclusions
In men’s professional handball in a league setting, contact — but not foul play — was the most common mechanism associated with moderate and severe injuries. Head, hand, shoulder and ankle injury were mainly sustained during direct contact.