bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sous vide pretreatment in cooking sturgeon fish burger: Effects on physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Feng Qiufeng , Yang Xianqing , Gao Ruichang , Li Yujin , Bai Fan , Wang Jinlin , Zhou Xiaodong , Wang Haiyan , Xiao Feng , Yang Xin , Gao Xin , Zhao Yuanhui 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe effect of sous vide (SV) pretreatment on the physicochemical (texture, water holding capacity (WHC) and protein modifications) and sensory (appearance, odour, flavour and overall acceptability) properties of sturgeon fish burgers cooked by four common methods (steaming, baking, microwaving and frying) were investigated. The texture analysis results showed that SV combined with transglutaminase could make the structure of cooked fish burgers denser and increase the springiness (ranging from 3.60 to 4.97 mm) and chewiness (ranging from 4.50 to 9.57 N), especially in microwave‐cooked samples. In terms of sensory quality, on the one hand, SV could effectively inhibit off‐flavours from oxidation and prevents evaporative losses of flavour volatiles (nitrogen oxides, organic sulphur and aromatic compounds) during cooking. On the other hand, the overall acceptability of microwave‐cooked sample pretreated with SV was higher than that of other cooking methods, especially compared with steaming (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that it is feasible to obtain common cooked fish burgers with improved physicochemical and good sensory properties using SV pretreatment.
Assessment of end user traits and physicochemical qualities of cassava flour: a case of Zombo district, Uganda
Authors: Nanyonjo Ann Ritah , Kawuki Robert Sezi , Kyazze Florence , Esuma Williams , Wembabazi Enoch , Dufour Dominique , Nuwamanya Ephraim , Tufan Hale 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCassava breeding programmes in Uganda do not currently select materials based on flour making quality, explaining in part the low adoption rates of many released varieties. In this study, we describe end user trait preferences, processing qualities and physicochemical properties of cassava flour. We found that higher proportion of women than men showed preference for most attributes of cassava flour quality evaluated in this study. Preference for colour was 66% and 52% among women and men, respectively, while that for stickiness of Kwon was 26% (women) and 15% (men). Ease of peeling and stickiness of Kwon were key processing traits. Heap fermented flour had higher pasting temperatures, but lower viscosities than sun‐dried flour, and had lower amylose content compared to fresh root starch. The results demonstrate the importance of gender sensitive participatory evaluation of breeding materials, in tandem with physicochemical evaluation during selection of best possible candidate breeding lines.
The turning away of serum amyloid A biological activities and receptor usage
Authors: Abouelasrar Salama Sara , Gouwy Mieke , Van Damme Jo , Struyf Sofie 
Published: December 2020

SummarySerum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute‐phase protein (APP) to which multiple immunological functions have been attributed. Regardless, the true biological role of SAA remains poorly understood. SAA is remarkably conserved in mammalian evolution, thereby suggesting an important biological function. Since its discovery in the 1970s, the majority of researchers have investigated SAA using recombinant forms made available through bacterial expression. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that these recombinant forms of SAA are unreliable. Indeed, commercial SAA variants have been shown to be contaminated with bacterial products including lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. As such, biological activities and receptor usage (TLR2, TLR4) revealed through the use of commercial SAA variants may not reflect the inherent nature of this APP. Within this review, we discuss the biological effects of SAA that have been demonstrated through more solid experimental approaches. SAA takes part in the innate immune response via the recruitment of leucocytes and executes, through pathogen recognition, antimicrobial activity. Knockout animal models implicate SAA in a range of functions, such as regulation of T‐cell‐mediated responses and monopoiesis. Moreover, through its structural motifs, not only does SAA function as an extracellular matrix protein, but it also binds extracellular matrix proteins. Finally, we here also provide an overview of definite SAA receptor‐mediated functions and highlight those that are yet to be validated. The role of FPR2 in SAA‐mediated leucocyte recruitment has been confirmed; nevertheless, SAA has been linked to a range of other receptors including CD36, SR‐BI/II, RAGE and P2RX7.
Validation of simulated commercial manufacturing of flour tortillas to control Salmonella contamination
Authors: Channaiah Lakshmikantha H. , Michael Minto , Acuff Jennifer C. , Vega Daniel , Lopez Keyla , Phebus Randall K. , Thippareddi Harshavardhan , Milliken George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study validated a typical batch commercial flour tortilla cooking process against Salmonella contamination. Tortilla dough prepared from flour inoculated with a 7‐serovar Salmonella cocktail was pressed in a dough press (preset at 200 °F [93.3°C]) for 3 s, then heated on a griddle (preheated to 221.1°C [430 °F]) for 30, 45 or 60 s on each side, followed by ~8 min of ambient air cooling. The maximum internal temperature of tortillas during cooking was >97°C for all cooking times. The Salmonella counts in tortillas decreased >6‐log at all cooking times; however, tortillas cooked for 30 and 45 s had an undercooked appearance. The water activity and pH of cooked tortillas after 60 s of heating on both sides followed by cooling were 0.934 and 6.62, respectively. The D‐values of the Salmonella cocktail in raw tortilla dough were 22.2, 13.4, and 4.6 min at 55, 58, and 61°C, respectively, and the z‐value was 8.9°C.
Are People With Chronic Diseases Satisfied With the Online Health Information Related to COVID‐19 During the Pandemic?
Authors: Kor Patrick Pui Kin , Leung Angela Yee Man , Parial Laurence Lloyd , Wong Eliza Mi Ling , Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , Amoah Padmore Adusei , Wang Shan Shan , Deng Renli , Cheung Teris Cheuk Chi , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeA deluge of fake news and misinformation about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the Internet poses challenges for the public in their search for reliable and relevant health information for taking protective measures, especially among people with chronic diseases (PWCD). This study aimed to (a) understand the satisfaction level of the online information related to COVID‐19 in people with and without chronic diseases; (b) explore information‐searching behavior and digital health literacy in PWCD; and (3) identify the possible predictors of information satisfaction among PWCD.MethodsThis was a multicity, cross‐sectional study using an online survey with a convenience sample of people who (a) were 15 years of age or older and (b) had access to the Internet in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.FindingsFour thousand four hundred and seventy‐two subjects completed the survey, of whom less than 50% felt satisfied with the online information. About 20% of respondents (n = 882) were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease and reported a lower level of information satisfaction (p = .003) than the people without chronic diseases. The majority of the PWCD obtained their online health information from social media. Higher digital health literacy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.07), higher frequency of searches regarding symptoms of COVID‐19 (adjusted OR = 2.07), higher perceived importance of quickly learning from the information searched (adjusted OR = 1.63), and lower frequency of searches on the topic of dealing with psychological stress (adjusted OR = 0.54) were found to be predictors of information satisfaction among PWCD.ConclusionsThe majority of PWCD sought online information related to COVID‐19 from social media, and their level of information satisfaction was significantly lower than among people without chronic diseases. Digital health literacy is a strong and significant predictor of information satisfaction.Clinical RelevanceTo support PWCD, we not only have to provide them with clear and accurate information, but also promote their digital health literacy so that they may seek, understand, and appraise health information from the Internet to make appropriate health‐related judgments and decisions.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration and infectious respiratory disease complex in shelter dogs
Authors: Jaffey Jared A. , Lappin Michael R. , Ringold Randy , Kreisler Rachael , Bradley‐Siemens Nancy , Hawley Jennifer , Sun Andrew , Blakeman Cody , Mayer Nancy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for the development of respiratory infections in humans and repletion can be protective.ObjectivesDetermine if serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin (OH)D concentrations are lower in shelter dogs and if 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with clinical signs of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) or with time in the shelter.AnimalsOne hundred forty‐six shelter dogs (clinically ill n = 36, apparently healthy n = 110) and 23 nonshelter control dogs.MethodsProspective cohort study. Shelter dogs were grouped as clinically ill or apparently healthy based on the presence or absence, respectively, of clinical signs associated with CIRDC. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminesence immunoassay. Nucleic acids of agents associated with the CIRDC were amplified by polymerase chain reaction assays.ResultsThe concentration of 25(OH)D was 7.3 ng/mL (4.5‐9.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]) lower in dogs with signs of CIRDC than apparently healthy shelter dogs (t(142) = 2.0, P = .04). Dogs positive for DNA of canine herpesvirus (CHV)‐1 had serum 25(OH)D concentrations 14.9 ng/mL (−3.7 to 29.6, 95% CI) lower than dogs that were negative (t(137) = 2.0, P = .04). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in shelter dogs were not different from control dogs (t(45) = −1.4, P = .17). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with duration of time in the shelter (F(1, 140) = 1.7, P = .2, R2 = 0.01).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceVitamin D could have a role in acute respiratory tract infections in shelter dogs.
Metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in coeliac disease
Authors: Rispo Antonio , Imperatore Nicola , Guarino Maria , Tortora Raffaella , Alisi Anna , Cossiga Valentina , Testa Anna , Ricciolino Simona , Fiorentino Andrea , Morisco Filomena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsCoeliac disease (CD) is considered a high‐risk condition for developing non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other related metabolic disorders, particularly after commencing gluten‐free diet (GFD). Recently, a new concept of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of NAFLD definition. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of NAFLD and MAFLD in CD patients at the time of CD diagnosis and after 2 years of GFD. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of PNPLA3 rs738409 in the development of NAFLD and MAFLD in the same population.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled all newly diagnosed CD patients who underwent clinical, laboratory and ultrasonography investigations both at diagnosis and after 2 years of follow‐up. Moreover, a PNPLA3 rs738409 genotyping assay was performed.ResultsOf 221 newly diagnosed CD patients, 65 (29.4%) presented NAFLD at CD diagnosis, while 32 (14.5%) met the criteria for MAFLD (k = 0.57). There were no significant differences between NAFLD and MAFLD, except for the higher rate of insulin resistance (IR) of MAFLD patients (75% vs 33.8%, P < .001). At 2 years of follow‐up, 46.6% of patients developed NAFLD while 32.6% had MAFLD (k = 0.71). MAFLD subjects had higher transaminases (P = .03), LDL‐cholesterol (P = .04), BMI and waist circumference and higher IR than NAFLD patients. MAFLD patients showed higher non‐invasive liver fibrosis scores than NAFLD subjects (APRI = 1.43 ± 0.56 vs 0.91 ± 0.62, P < .001; NFS=−1.72 ± 1.31 vs −2.18 ± 1.41, P = .03; FIB‐4 = 1.27 ± 0.77 vs 1.04 ± 0.74, P = .04). About PNPLA3 polymorphisms, at 2 years follow‐up, NAFLD subjects presented a higher rate of heterozygosis (40.8%) and homozygosis (18.4%) polymorphisms than non‐NAFLD (26.3% and 7.6%, respectively, P = .03 and 0.02), while no correlation between PNPLA3 polymorphisms and MAFLD was seen.ConclusionsThe new MAFLD definition better reflects the metabolic alterations following GFD in CD population. This new classification could be able to identify patients at higher risk of worse metabolic outcome, who need a close multidisciplinary approach for their multisystemic disease.
Population genetics of cold‐water coral associated Pleustidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) reveals cryptic diversity and recent expansion off Iceland
Authors: Schwentner Martin , Lörz Anne‐Nina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmphipoda are a diverse and important faunal component of deep‐sea habitats worldwide. However, relatively little is known about species that are associated with cold‐water corals, in particular concerning their genetic diversity, population genetic processes, population differentiation, and potential host specificity. We exemplarily investigate these questions studying three pleustid species—Stenopleustes aff. malmgreni (Boeck, 1871), Stenopleustes aff. nodifera (Sars, 1883) and Neopleustes aff. boecki (Hansen, 1888)—that are associated with cold‐water corals and polychaete assemblages along the Reykjanes Ridge southwest of Iceland. We sequenced mitochondrial COI and performed ddRAD to study thousands of nuclear loci. These species and a pair of morphologically cryptic species within Stenopleustes aff. nodifera were consistently delimited by COI and ddRAD. We conclude that all of our studied species are new to science, raising the number of pleustids reported from cold‐water corals to six. Two species were collected only once, and these species exhibited high levels of inbreeding, suggesting little exchange with other populations, which might be a result of strong host specificity. The other two species were wider distributed, with very low differentiation among populations, even between populations separated by 130 km. These species showed signs of recent population expansions, possibly in relation to changes in the cold‐water coral associated ecosystem (e.g., due to glacial cycles and/or volcanic or geothermal activities). They had lower levels of inbreeding and were each associated with three different host coral species, which might facilitate dispersal and gene flow. Our results show divergent population genetic patterns for the studied pleustid species. These might be attributed to the species’ host specificity and highlight important differences among species with seemingly similar life‐styles. Species diversities appear to be greatly underestimated, limiting our abilities to truly assess the vulnerability of the fauna living in these threatened cold‐water coral habitats.
Sustainability of coffee land use upon conversion from natural forest in Western Ghats of South India: An evaluation
Authors: Karthika Kavukattu Sreekumar , Anil Kumar Kokkuvayil Sankaranarayanan , Nair Krishna Pillai Madhusoodanan , D’Souza Violet M. , Nagaraja Jambaradi Satyanarayana , Lalitha Manickam , Koyal Arti , Jayaramaiah Maheswarappa , Parvathy Sreekumar , Sujatha Karumathil , Shivanand Khandal , Ramamurthy Venkataramanappa , Srinivas Seggoju , Raghuramulu Yenugula , Hegde Rajendra , Singh Surendra Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe variability of soil qualities across the coffee‐growing areas and consequences of conversion of forest to coffee plantations on soil qualities and sustainability in the Western Ghats of South India are evaluated in this study by assessing and studying the six representative pedons selected from Chikmagalur district in Karnataka and Wayanad and Idukki districts of Kerala taking into consideration of the agro‐ecological zones, they belong. Sixty sites were located for monitoring soil quality, of which 46 sites were located in coffee plantations of all agro‐climates and 14 in forests adjacent to coffee plantations in similar setting. Soil quality indicators were selected by carrying out principal component analysis (PCA) on measured soil attributes, which provided 4 PCs in both land uses with eigen values > 1 and explaining at least 5 per cent variance in data set. The indicators for coffee land use were pH, exch. Al and CEC and for forest land use, organic carbon, pH and exch. Al. These indicators were transformed into scores following linear scoring method and soil quality index was determined, on a scale of 0–1, using the weighting factors obtained from PCA. Soil quality index was high (0.836) for natural forest land use, while it was medium (0.634) for coffee land use. Results indicated that organic carbon, pH and exch. Al are the most powerful indicators of soil quality. Proper management of soil acidity in coffee plantations due to liming, pooling back of nutrients, fertilization effect and other anthropogenic interventions in them have helped in maintaining a near equal soil quality to that of natural forest, which can be made sustainable by adopting effective plantation management practices.
The MENA region's need for more democracy and less bureaucracy: A gravity model controlling for aspects of governance and trade freedom in MENA
Authors: Kamel Esmat Mostafa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper considers a domain of governance and trade freedom indicators in order to reveal some of the dimensions along which the MENA region's intra‐regional trade and export intensity might be fostered. Historically, conflicts, crises and oil interests have impeded intra‐MENA integration efforts and kept trade‐flow intensities between the region's countries below those of its trade with RoW. But it seems evident that similarities in the governance and trade freedom indicators of MENA countries would promote such trade flows. Our empirical methodology here is to use a classical trade gravity model with augmented variables to measure intra‐regional trade and export flows for MENA countries and compare them with flows for MENA_E.U. and MENA_RoW. We develop three sets of scenarios to capture the impact of governance and trade freedom indicators accordingly: First, we introduce a standardised polity index to measure its impact on accelerating intra MENA's export flows compared with MENA_EU and MENA_RoW. Second, we introduce a range‐based Polity IV index and trade freedom index to test whether similarity in the governance indicators of MENA countries leads to significant intra‐regional trade flows. We also test the interaction between both. Finally, to check the robustness of export flows, we include World Governance Indicators (WGI) and their sub‐components in the estimations. The main result is that when two MENA trade partners are both classified as mixed regimes under the Polity IV index ranges, the coefficient becomes highly significant and bilateral trade flows increase by 1.25%. Components of (WGI) specifying government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption increase exports for MENA's origin exporter countries. Finally, the interaction term (Polity IV and Trade freedom ranges) captures continuous improvement in the quality of governance and self‐regulated systems implemented by governing executives and authorities as they shift away from pressure and interest groups. This leads to higher degrees of mutual understanding and benefits to the region's trade flows and policies.
A Nonstationary Uncertainty Model and Bayesian Calibration of Strain-Life Models
Authors: Dourado Arinan , Irmak Firat , Viana Felipe A. C. , Gordon Ali P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Coffin–Manson–Basquin–Haford (CMBH) model is a well-accepted strain-life relationship to model fatigue life as a function of applied strain. In this paper, we propose a nonstationary uncertainty model for the CMBH model, alongside a Bayesian framework for model calibration and estimation of confidence and prediction intervals. Using Inconel 617 coupon test data, we compared our approach to traditional stationary variance models. The proposed uncertainty model successfully captures the fact that the variance of strain amplitude decreases with increasing fatigue life. Additionally, a discussion on how to use the proposed Bayesian framework to compensate for the lack of data by using prior information coming from similar alloys is also presented considering Hastealloy-X and Inconel 617 coupon data.
An Exploratory Study of Teachers’ Experiences in Physical Education With Children Thought to Have Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Zimmer Chantelle , Causgrove Dunn Janice 
Published: December 2020

Teachers can create supportive conditions in physical education to mitigate experiences of stress for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD); however, most are unfamiliar with DCD and lack adequate training to instruct children with impairments. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ perceptions of and interactions in physical education with children thought to demonstrate functional difficulties associated with DCD. A semistructured interview was conducted with 12 teachers across all elementary years with diverse backgrounds and thematically analyzed. Four themes were produced. Teachers (a) had differing views on the etiology of children’s movement difficulties, though (b) all recognized a range of difficulties children demonstrated. They (c) believed it was their role to facilitate positive experiences for these children in physical education but (d) experienced challenges in doing so. Training that increases teachers’ knowledge of and abilities to address the needs of children thought to have DCD is warranted.
The targeting of preschoolers, children, adolescents and adults by the Canadian food and beverage industry on television: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pinto A. , Pauzé E. , Roy-Gagnon M.-H. , Dubois L. , Potvin Kent M. 
Published: December 2020

Unhealthy food advertising can negatively impact children’s food preferences and nutritional health. In Canada, only companies participating in the self-regulatory Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) commit to limiting unhealthy food advertising to children. We analyzed food advertising from 182 Canadian television stations in 2018. A principal component analysis explored patterns of advertising by 497 food companies and their targeting of preschoolers, children, adolescents, and adults. Chi-square analyses tested differences in the volume of advertising between target age groups by heavily advertising food companies and by CAI-participating and non-participating companies. In 2018, Maple Leaf Foods, Boulangerie St-Méthode, Exceldor Foods, Goodfood Market and Sobeys advertised most frequently during preschooler-programming. General Mills, Kellogg’s, the Topps Company, Parmalat and Post Foods advertised most frequently during child-programming, while Burger King, McDonald’s, General Mills, Kellogg’s and Wendy’s advertised most frequently during adolescent-programming. CAI-participating companies were responsible for over half of the food advertising broadcast during programs targeted to children (55%), while they accounted for less than half of the food advertising aired during programs targeting preschoolers (24%), adolescents (41%) and adults (42%). Statutory food advertising restrictions are needed to limit food companies’ targeting of young people on television in Canada.Novelty:Advertising from fast food restaurant chains dominated television programming targeted to adolescents in 2018. Advertising from breakfast cereal, candy, and snack manufacturers dominated television programming targeted at children in 2018. Over 100 Canadian and transnational companies contravened broadcast restrictions on advertising to preschoolers in 2018.