bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol treatment reduces expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8 and RANTES in endometriotic stromal cells
Authors: Kolahdouz‐Mohammadi Roya , Shidfar Farzad , Khodaverdi Sepideh , Arablou Tahereh , Heidari Sahel , Rashidi Nesa , Delbandi Ali‐Akbar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is an inflammatory disease affecting reproductive‐aged women. Immunologic disturbance, as well as inflammation, have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of resveratrol treatment on expression of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in endometrial stromal cells from patients with endometriosis compared with non‐endometriotic controls. Thirteen eutopic (EuESCs) and nine ectopic (EESCs) endometrial stromal cells from endometriotic patients as well as eleven endometrial stromal cells from non‐endometriotic controls (CESCs) were treated with resveratrol (100 μmol/L) or ethanol, and gene and/or protein expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8 and RANTES was examined at 6, 24 and 48 hours following treatment in the cells from all origins. Resveratrol treatment significantly reduced gene and protein expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in EuESCs and EESCs compared with CESCs (P < .05‐.001, P < .05‐.001 and P < .05‐<.01, respectively), and this reduction was more noticeable in EESCs than EuESCs (P < .05‐<.001). Besides, resveratrol treatment significantly reduced RANTES protein expression in EESCs in all time intervals (P < .05). Resveratrol treatment significantly reduced the expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8 and RANTES in EESCs.
Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant–environment interactions
Authors: Dong Nai‐Qian , Lin Hong‐Xuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant–environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant–environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, post‐translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
The plant cell wall: Biosynthesis, construction, and functions
Authors: Zhang Baocai , Gao Yihong , Zhang Lanjun , Zhou Yihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics, many achievements have been made in uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting‐edge technologies such as single‐molecule imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review, we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall.
Incidence and risk factors for feline lymphoma in UK primary‐care practice
Authors: Economu L. , Stell A. , O'Neill D. G. , Schofield I. , Stevens K. , Brodbelt D. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of feline lymphoma in cats attending primary‐care practices across the UK and to identify patient‐based and environmental (radon and pesticide exposure) risk factors.Materials and MethodsCase records from the VetCompass programme from primary‐care veterinary practices in the UK were searched for a diagnosis of lymphoma in cats in 2016. Cases were required to have had an external laboratory confirmed diagnosis based on cytology and/or histopathology. A nested case–control study design was used to identify risk factors for lymphoma using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsFrom a cohort of 562,446 cats under veterinary care at VetCompass participating practices in 2016, a total of 271 lymphoma cases were identified (prevalence: 48/100,000, 95% confidence interval (CI) 44 to 56/100,000; incidence 32/100,000, 95% CI 26 to 35/100,000). There were 180 incident lymphoma cases and 803 controls, all aged 2 years and older. Male (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4), insured (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.6) and older cats (compared to cats 2 to <5 years, OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.8 to 8.8) were associated with increased odds of lymphoma diagnosis. Vaccinated cats were associated with decreased odds (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) compared to unvaccinated cats, although the type of vaccination received was not statistically significant. Breed and environmental factors studied were not associated with a diagnosis of lymphoma.Clinical SignificanceThis is the first study to estimate the frequency and report risk factors for lymphoma in cats attending UK primary‐care practice.
The evolution of traveling waves in a KPP reaction–diffusion model with cut‐off reaction rate. II. Evolution of traveling waves
Authors: Tisbury Alex D. O. , Needham David J. , Tzella Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Part II of this series of papers, we consider an initial‐boundary value problem for the Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piscounov (KPP)‐type equation with a discontinuous cut‐off in the reaction function at concentration . For fixed cut‐off value , we apply the method of matched asymptotic coordinate expansions to obtain the complete large‐time asymptotic form of the solution, which exhibits the formation of a permanent form traveling wave (PTW) structure. In particular, this approach allows the correction to the wave speed and the rate of convergence of the solution onto the PTW to be determined via a detailed analysis of the asymptotic structures in small time and, subsequently, in large space. The asymptotic results are confirmed against numerical results obtained for the particular case of a cut‐off Fisher reaction function.
A simplified monotone model of Wolbachia invasion encompassing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Escobar‐Lasso Oscar Eduardo , Vasilieva Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWolbachia‐based biocontrol has recently emerged as a potential method for the prevention and control of dengue and other vector‐borne diseases. Major vector species, such as Aedes aegypti females, when deliberately infected with Wolbachia become far less capable of getting infected and transmitting the virus to human individuals. In this paper, we propose and qualitatively analyze a simplified model of Wolbachia invasion that describes an interaction and competition between Wolbachia‐infected and wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This model not only facilitates better visualization of the Wolbachia invasion dynamics thanks to its bidimensionality, but it also possesses the noticeable property of monotonicity and exhibits the saddle‐point behavior. The latter helps to identify a threshold manifold consisting of points in that couple the minimum viable population sizes of wild and Wolbachia‐carrying insects and also regulate the survival and extinction of each population of mosquitoes.
Common shock, different paths? Comparing social policy responses to COVID‐19 in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Hick Rod , Murphy Mary P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe UK and Ireland responded to the rapid health and economic impacts of COVID‐19 by supporting incomes through job retention and job loss instruments, However distinct policy legacies, political and institutional differences between the two countries mean critical differences in both the nature and the relative weight placed on these instruments. The UK income support package was announced in one go and centred on a generous, newly created Job Retention Scheme as well as an enhanced Universal Credit for people who became unemployed. Ireland, by contrast, created a new, more generous social security payment, the Pandemic Unemployment Payment, while a less prominent job retention scheme followed a week later. These initial decisions generated distinct policy dilemmas during a second round of policy changes, in which Ireland sought to reintegrate the more generous Pandemic Unemployment Payment into the mainstream welfare system, while UK sought to ensure that the Job Retention Scheme was only supporting retained (or “viable”) jobs. A second wave of infections in October 2020, requiring new restrictions, led both nations to make substantial retreats from resolving these core policy dilemmas.
Clinical social work in Aotearoa New Zealand: Origins, practice, and future implications
Authors: Appleby Joanna , Staniforth Barbara , Flanagan Caroline , Millar Clarke 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Clinical social work is practised with individuals, groups and families in areas concerned with mental health and counselling for people’s wellbeing. As a field of practice, it has been insufficiently researched and often not understood in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article provides an overview of clinical social work in Aotearoa New Zealand.APPROACH: This is a theoretical article that discusses the development of social work, and clinical social work, in this country; attention is paid to professionalisation debates and registration. There is an overview of the social work training landscape and post-qualifying mental health specialisation options, with a brief discussion about the New Entry to Specialist Practice model for social workers. Theoretical underpinnings of clinical social work interventions are canvassed, including systemic models, recovery approaches, strengths-based models, indigenous models, narrative therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and dialectical behaviour therapy. Four vignettes of clinical social work are presented, before a discussion about the future implications for clinical social work in Aotearoa New Zealand.CONCLUSION: Clinical social workers have a range of knowledge and skills to work with people in mental distress. A challenge is issued to clinical social workers to continue to uphold social work values within multidisciplinary mental health services. The development of a clinical scope of practice in the context of recent mandatory registration for social workers is recommended.
Expression of Story: Ethical considerations for participatory, community- and arts-based research relationships
Authors: Van Katwyk Trish , Wong Veen , Geiger Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: This meta-research article considers the ethics and efficacy of a nonviolent, “braided” methodology used by a research study called “The Recognition Project.” The methodology of The Recognition Project interweaved participatory, community-, and arts- based approaches in an effort to create a cooperative, relationally oriented environment where three distinct communities of interest could contribute respectively—and collaboratively—to the sharing, creation, and public dance performance of stories about self-harm. The three communities of interest were university-based researchers, community-based researchers who had engaged in self-harm, and an artist team of choreographers, a musician, and professional youth dancers. Our article explores some of the experiences, as shared by dancers of the artist team, from narrative interviews following the final dance performance.METHOD: Data were collected through qualitative interviews conducted with six artist team members. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was used to identify the main themes.FINDINGS: What emerged was an overriding theme about Story and the power issues that came forward due to the personal and the collective aspects of Story. The power issues were related to individual and collective exercise of power, the use of dialogue to build a positive community, and the transformative potential for the artist collaborators to participate in such a study.CONCLUSION: While participatory, community- and arts-based projects are often taken up with the intention of facilitating research that will not harm, there are important and additional ethical considerations to be made in community-based collaborations that feature difference across perspective, experience, skill, and knowledge.
Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity
Authors: Zapata Miguel Ángel , Banderas García Sandra , Sánchez-Moltalvá Adrián , Falcó Anna , Otero-Romero Susana , Arcos Gabriel , Velazquez-Villoria Daniel , García-Arumí Jose 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundGlobal pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a prothrombotic state without fully elucidated effects. This study aims to analyse and quantify the possible retinal microvascular abnormalities.Materials and methodsCase–control study. Patients between 18 and 55 years old with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the last 3 months were included. Risk stratification: group 1—mild disease (asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic); group 2—moderate disease (required hospital admission with no acute respiratory distress) and group 3—severe disease (subjects who developed an acute respiratory distress were admitted in the intensive care unit and presented interleukin 6 values above 40 pg/mL). Age-matched volunteers with negative serology tests were enrolled to control group. A colour photograph, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) and an angiography using OCT centred on the fovea were performed.ResultsControl group included 27 subjects: group 1 included 24 patients, group 2 consisted of 24 patients and 21 participants were recruited for group 3. There were no funduscopic lesions, neither in the colour images nor in the structural OCT. Fovea-centred vascular density (VD) was reduced in group 2 and group 3 compared with group 1 and control group (control group vs group 2; 16.92 vs 13.37; p=0.009) (control group vs group 3; 16.92 vs .13.63; p=0.026) (group 1 vs group 2; 17.16 vs 13.37; p=0.006) (group 1 vs group 3; 17.16 vs 13.63 p=0.017).ConclusionPatients with moderate and severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had decreased central retinal VD as compared with that of asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic cases or control subjects.
Transcutaneous CO2application accelerates fracture repair in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats
Authors: Oda Takahiro , Niikura Takahiro , Fukui Tomoaki , Oe Keisuke , Kuroiwa Yu , Kumabe Yohei , Sawauchi Kenichi , Yoshikawa Ryo , Mifune Yutaka , Hayashi Shinya , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Matsushita Takehiko , Kawamoto Teruya , Sakai Yoshitada , Akisue Toshihiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) negatively affects fracture repair by inhibiting endochondral ossification, chondrogenesis, callus formation, and angiogenesis. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2application accelerates fracture repair by promoting endochondral ossification and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to determine whether CO2treatment would promote fracture repair in cases with type I DM.Research design and methodsA closed femoral shaft fracture was induced in female rats with streptozotocin-induced type I DM. CO2treatment was performed five times a week for the CO2group. Sham treatment, where CO2was replaced with air, was performed for the control group. Radiographic, histologic, genetic, and biomechanical measurements were taken at several time points.ResultsRadiographic assessment demonstrated that fracture repair was induced in the CO2group. Histologically, accelerated endochondral ossification and capillary formation were observed in the CO2group. Immunohistochemical assessment indicated that early postfracture proliferation of chondrocytes in callus was enhanced in the CO2group. Genetic assessment results suggested that cartilage and bone formation, angiogenesis, and vasodilation were upregulated in the CO2group. Biomechanical assessment revealed enhanced mechanical strength in the CO2group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CO2treatment accelerates fracture repair in type I DM rats. CO2treatment could be an effective strategy for delayed fracture repair due to DM.
Glycemic excursion minimization in the management of type 2 diabetes: a novel intervention tested in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cox Daniel J , Banton Tom , Moncrief Matthew , Conaway Mark , Diamond Anne , Holmes Viola , Green Pastors Joyce , Wolf Anne , Fang Kun , McCall Anthony 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThis study of adults with type 2 diabetes employed a non-inferiority hypothesis to investigate whether an innovative lifestyle focused on minimizing postnutrient blood glucose (BG) excursions (glycemic excursion minimization (GEM)) would be equivalent or superior to conventional weight loss (WL) therapy in regard to reducing HbA1c, and superior to WL when investigating physical, behavioral and psychological secondary outcomes. The impact of BG feedback on GEM efficacy was also investigated.Research design and methods178 adults with type 2 diabetes for ≤10 years, HbA1c ≥6.8%, and not using insulin were randomized to WL (n=40) or one of three versions of GEM. Didactic (GEM-D, n=39) taught participants to choose low-glycemic load foods, reduce sedentary time and increase moderate routine physical activity. GEM-S (n=51) received GEM-D and systematically measured BG before and after meals and physical activity to educate and motivate food and activity choices. GEM-C (n=48) received GEM-D with continuous glucose monitoring feedback. All participants received 6 hours of group training and BG and activity monitors. Before and 3 months after treatment, participants were assessed for HbA1c, lipids, weight, routine physical activity, nutrition, depression, diabetes empowerment and distress.ResultsGEM versions did not differ in primary or secondary outcomes, so they were combined for analyses. While WL reduced body mass index (BMI) (p=0.005), GEM demonstrated a greater reduction in HbA1c (p=0.005), BMI (p=0.013), carbohydrate intake (p=0.001), BG response to a glucose challenge (p=0.02), and cardiovascular risk (p=0.003). Only GEM participants significantly improved diabetes empowerment, diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, steps/day, and active hours and reduced calories/day. Neither intervention had negative side effects.ConclusionsGEM is an effective alternative to WL with respect to physical, behavioral and psychosocial outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT03196895.
Circulating sex hormone binding globulin levels are modified with intensive lifestyle intervention, but their changes did not independently predict diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Aroda Vanita R , Christophi Costas A , Edelstein Sharon L , Perreault Leigh , Kim Catherine , Golden Sherita H , Horton Edward , Mather Kieren J 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionSex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are reported to be inversely associated with diabetes risk. It is unknown whether diabetes prevention interventions increase SHBG and whether resultant changes in SHBG affect diabetes risk. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) or metformin changed circulating SHBG and if resultant changes influenced diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).Research design and methodsThis is a secondary analysis from the DPP (1996–2001), a randomized trial of ILS or metformin versus placebo on diabetes risk over a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. The DPP was conducted across 27 academic study centers in the USA. Men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women without hormone use in the DPP were evaluated. The DPP included overweight/obese persons with elevated fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. Main outcomes measures were changes in SHBG levels at 1 year and risk of diabetes over 3 years.ResultsILS resulted in significantly higher increases (postmenopausal women: p<0.01) or smaller decrements (men: p<0.05; premenopausal women: p<0.01) in SHBG compared with placebo or metformin. Changes in SHBG were primarily attributable to changes in adiposity. There were no consistent associations of change in SHBG with the risk of diabetes by treatment arm or participant group.ConclusionsLifestyle intervention may be associated with favorable changes in circulating SHBG, which is largely due to changes in adiposity. Changes in circulating SHBG do not independently predict reductions in diabetes incidence.
Continuous EEG use and status epilepticus treatment in Australasia: a practice survey of Australian and New Zealand epileptologists
Authors: Laing Joshua , Lawn Nicholas , Perucca Piero , Kwan Patrick , O'Brien Terence J 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveContinuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is increasingly used to detect non-convulsive seizures in critically ill patients but is not widely practised in Australasia. Use of cEEG is also influencing the management of status epilepticus (SE), which is rapidly evolving. We aimed to survey Australian and New Zealand cEEG use and current treatment of SEMethodsA web-based survey was distributed to Epilepsy Society of Australia (ESA) members, between October and November 2019. Adult and paediatric neurologists/epileptologists with ESA membership involved in clinical epilepsy care and cEEG interpretation were invited to participate.ResultsThirty-five paediatric/adult epileptologists completed the survey, 51% with over 10 years of consultant experience. cEEG was always available for only 31% of respondents, with the majority having no or only ad hoc access to cEEG. Lack of funding (74%) and personnel (71%) were the most common barriers to performing cEEG. Although experience with SE was common, responses varied regarding treatment approaches for both convulsive and non-convulsive SE. Escalation to anaesthetic treatment of convulsive SE tended to occur later than international guideline recommendations. There was general agreement that formal training in cEEG and national guidelines for SE/cEEG were needed.ConclusionscEEG availability remains limited in Australia, with lack of funding and resourcing being key commonly identified barriers. Current opinions on the use of cEEG and treatment of SE vary reflecting the complexity of management and a rapidly evolving field. An Australian-based guideline for the management of SE, including the role of cEEG is recommended.