bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical enhancement of ripples and dimples in CaCO3/low-density unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: Wang Ruru , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Incorporation of different fine grain calcium carbonate into CaCO3/low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) composites was studied and evident mechanical enhancement of CaCO3 on composites was investigated. Preliminary experiment results indicated that proper content of CaCO3 was less than 30.00 phr (parts per hundreds of resin), suitable preparation temperature range was from 72.0 °C to 80.0 °C, and initiator content was 1.80 phr. Optimal preparation conditions of CaCO3/LDUPR samples were obtained with the presence of 25.00 phr CaCO3 and 2.50 phr NH4HCO3 at 76.0 °C based on preliminary experiments. The lowest apparent density of A-CaCO3/LDUPR composite was 0.53 ± 0.02 g · cm−3 with a compressive strength of 20.27 ± 0.51 MPa · g−1 · cm3, and the highest specific compressive strength of the sample was 38.25 ± 1.43 MPa · g−1 · cm3. It is attributed to the hindrance to cross-linking between unsaturated polyester and styrene, and to the decrease of exothermic heat of the polymerization, which was caused by the existence of CaCO3. Unusual matrix microstructure with regular ripples and dimples formed by CaCO3, and the particular mechanical enhancement of regular ripples and dimples in composites were explored. ‘CaCO3 reefs’ concept, reefs-induced ripples, dimples of streams flowing, and resolution of external force with major force further being consumed models comprised the regulated mechanical enhancement of CaCO3 in CaCO3/LDUPR composites. This particular polymerization retarding and mechanical strengthening were obvious for the finest grain CaCO3.
Performance of Electrocardiographic Criteria for Echocardiographically Diagnosed Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chinese Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Wang Dian , Xu Jian-Zhong , Zhang Wei , Chen Yi , Li Jian , An Yinghua , Bian Rui , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Performance of electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for echocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Chinese hypertensive patients is not well known. We investigated the accuracy of various ECG criteria for the diagnosis of the echocardiographic LVH according to the new cutoff values of left ventricular mass (LVM) index (&gt;115 g/m2 for men and &gt;95 g/m2 for women) in Chinese hypertensive patients.

METHODS
Our study included 702 consecutive hypertensive inpatients including 92 (13.1%) concentric and 121 (17.2%) eccentric LVH on standard echocardiography. Diagnostic accuracy of 7 ECG criteria was evaluated by calculating sensitivity and specificity and by using the receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS
The ECG criteria for the detection of the echocardiographically defined LVH had a sensitivity of 15%–31.9% and specificity of 91.6%–99.2% overall, 20.7%–43.5% and 91.6%–99.2% concentric, and 7.4%–23.1% and 91.6%–99.2% eccentric. ECG diagnosis of LVH defined as the positive diagnosis of any of 4 ECG criteria including Sokolow–Lyon voltage, Cornell voltage, Cornell product, and RavL voltage had a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 86.3% overall, 71.7% and 86.3% concentric, and 40.5% and 86.3% eccentric. After adjustment for confounding factors, various ECG criteria were significantly correlated with LVM, with standardized β coefficients from 0.20 to 0.39 (P &lt; 0.001) and the highest coefficient for the Cornell product criterion.

CONCLUSIONS
All ECG LVH indexes had low sensitivity and high specificity in Chinese hypertensive patients. Combination of 4 or all ECG criteria might improve sensitivity without any loss of specificity.
Comparison of microbiome samples: methods and computational challenges
Authors: Comin Matteo , Di Camillo Barbara , Pizzi Cinzia , Vandin Fabio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study of microbial communities crucially relies on the comparison of metagenomic next-generation sequencing data sets, for which several methods have been designed in recent years. Here, we review three key challenges in the comparison of such data sets: species identification and quantification, the efficient computation of distances between metagenomic samples and the identification of metagenomic features associated with a phenotype such as disease status. We present current solutions for such challenges, considering both reference-based methods relying on a database of reference genomes and reference-free methods working directly on all sequencing reads from the samples.
Normal tissue content impact on the GBM molecular classification
Authors: Madurga Rodrigo , García-Romero Noemí , Jiménez Beatriz , Collazo Ana , Pérez-Rodríguez Francisco , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Fernández-Carballal Carlos , Prat-Acín Ricardo , Zanin Massimiliano , Menasalvas Ernestina , Ayuso-Sacido Ángel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Molecular classification of glioblastoma has enabled a deeper understanding of the disease. The four-subtype model (including Proneural, Classical, Mesenchymal and Neural) has been replaced by a model that discards the Neural subtype, found to be associated with samples with a high content of normal tissue. These samples can be misclassified preventing biological and clinical insights into the different tumor subtypes from coming to light. In this work, we present a model that tackles both the molecular classification of samples and discrimination of those with a high content of normal cells. We performed a transcriptomic in silico analysis on glioblastoma (GBM) samples (n = 810) and tested different criteria to optimize the number of genes needed for molecular classification. We used gene expression of normal brain samples (n = 555) to design an additional gene signature to detect samples with a high normal tissue content. Microdissection samples of different structures within GBM (n = 122) have been used to validate the final model. Finally, the model was tested in a cohort of 43 patients and confirmed by histology. Based on the expression of 20 genes, our model is able to discriminate samples with a high content of normal tissue and to classify the remaining ones. We have shown that taking into consideration normal cells can prevent errors in the classification and the subsequent misinterpretation of the results. Moreover, considering only samples with a low content of normal cells, we found an association between the complexity of the samples and survival for the three molecular subtypes.
The Prospect of Regulatory Alignment for an Interconnected Capital Market between the United Kingdom and China: A Takeover Law Perspective
Authors: Lee Joseph , Bao Yonghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The United Kingdom (UK) and China have launched the London–Shanghai Stock Connect Scheme to achieve an integrated capital market. In this article, the takeover market is used as an example to examine the extent to which regulatory alignment between the UK and China is possible. The focus is on the role of financial intermediaries in the two markets and how they may influence the governance model of the transfer of corporate control by an open offer to the shareholders of the target company (a takeover bid). This article argues that without regulatory alignment such an integrated market is unlikely to be realized. There are differences between the UK and China in the economic model, ownership structure, and institutional arrangements, which have been reflected in the differences in interests served by takeover law in the two regimes. The design of the framework for takeover law in the UK empowers financial market participants, so as to attract capital to the London markets. In contrast, China’s takeover law is mainly aimed at facilitating industrial restructuring and creating globally competitive national companies (national champions). Hence, the UK’s shareholder-centred takeover model, with a strong focus on financial intermediaries and international investors, would not be easily replicated in China. However, the UK model could provide lessons for China to develop its takeover market—that is, further its market structure reform, develop independent financial intermediaries, and also attract an increasing number of investors.
Inferring Risk Perceptions and Preferences Using Choice from Insurance Menus: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Ericson Keith Marzilli , Kircher Philipp , Spinnewijn Johannes , Starc Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Demand for insurance can be driven by high risk aversion or high-risk. We show how to separately identify risk preferences and risk types using only choices from menus of insurance plans. Our revealed preference approach does not rely on rational expectations, nor does it require access to claims data. We show what can be learned non-parametrically about the type distributions from variation in insurance plans, offered separately to random cross-sections or offered as part of the same menu to one cross-section. We prove that our approach allows for full identification in the textbook model with binary risks, and extend our results to continuous risks. We illustrate our approach using the Massachusetts Health Insurance Exchange, where choices provide informative bounds on the type distributions, especially for risks, but do not allow us to reject homogeneity in preferences.
Between Love and Coercion: Queer Desire, Sexual Barter and the Holocaust
Authors: Hájková Anna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In analysing a forced relationship between two women, a German guard and a Jewish Czech prisoner in a Hamburg concentration camp, this article uses queer Holocaust history to explore sexual barter, sexual violence, victim agency, and the rules of prisoner society. It also makes a plea for a departure from normativity in thinking about the Holocaust and for the inclusion of marginalized voices.
Understanding the Role of Incentive Salience in Sexual Decision-Making
Authors: Lynch Kathleen S , Ryan Michael J 
Published: May 2020

SynopsisIn the search for understanding female sexual decision-making, progress has been made in uncovering a variety of perceptual biases and most of these concern the animal’s sensory biology and cognitive processes. We are now poised to dig deeper into the female’s decision-making and ask if incentive salience, which plays a role in all types of appetitive behaviors, also influences a female’s “taste for the beautiful.” The incentive salience hypothesis suggests that dopamine assigns value or salience to objects or actions. After value is assigned to all potential actions, an action selection system then chooses among potential options to select the most valuable action. In this view, dopamine stimulates reward-seeking behavior by assigning incentive salience to specific behavioral actions, which in turn, increases pursuit and focus on objects or stimuli that represent the valuable action. Here, we apply this framework to understand why females are compelled to respond maximally to some male courtship signals over others and how this process may reveal a female’s hidden mate preferences. We examine studies of dopamine and the mesolimbic reward system because these may play a role in expanding the female’s perceptual landscape for novelty in male courtship signals and establishing novel hidden preferences. We review three avenues of research that may identify signatures of incentive salience in females during sexual decision-making. This review includes studies of dopamine agonist or antagonist administration in females during mate choice or partner preference tests, measures of neural activity in dopaminergic neural circuits during mate choice or partner preference tests, and social regulation of dopamine in females when entering reproductive contexts and/or exposure to mate signals. By applying the incentive salience hypothesis to female reproductive decision-making, it redefines how we see the female’s role in sexual encounters. Females cannot be considered passive during reproductive encounters; rather they are seeking sexual encounters, particularly with males that tap into their perceptual biases and initiate a reward-seeking response. Incentive salience applied to reproductive behavior requires considering females as viewing sexual stimuli as rewarding and initiating action to seek out this reward, all of which indicates females are driving sexual encounters.
The Use of Next-Generation Sequencing for the Quality Control of Live-Attenuated Polio Vaccines
Authors: Charlton Bethany , Hockley Jason , Laassri Majid , Wilton Thomas , Crawt Laura , Preston Mark ,   NGS Study Group, Cassart Jean-Pol , Essaghir Ahmed , Vandeputte Olivier , Lambert Christophe , Janssen Mathias , Preux Lucas , Andre Murielle , Sarcey Eric , Perret Isabelle , Tindy Fabrice , Mallet Laurent , de Boer Steffen Matthijn , Nakamura Tomofumi , Ochiai Susumu , Fritzsche Martin , Holmes Nadine , Majumdar Manasi , Mee Edward , Valdazo-Gonzalez Begona , Laassri Majid , Chumakov Konstantin , Cassart Jean-Pol , Essaghir Ahmed , Vandeputte Olivier , Lambert Christophe , Janssen Mathias , Preux Lucas , Andre Murielle , Sarcey Eric , Perret Isabelle , Tindy Fabrice , Mallet Laurent , de Boer Steffen Matthijn , Nakamura Tomofumi , Ochiai Susumu , Fritzsche Martin , Holmes Nadine , Majumdar Manasi , Mee Edward , Valdazo-Gonzalez Begona , Laassri Majid , Chumakov Konstantin , Rigsby Peter , Chumakov Konstantin , Martin Javier 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was compared to the current MAPREC (mutational analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage) assay for quality control of live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV).

Methods
MAPREC measures reversion of the main OPV attenuating mutations such as uracil (U) to cytosine (C) at nucleotide 472 in the 5′ noncoding region of type 3 OPV. Eleven type 3 OPV samples were analyzed by 8 laboratories using their in-house NGS method.

Results
Intraassay, intralaboratory, and interlaboratory variability of NGS 472-C estimates across samples and laboratories were very low, leading to excellent agreement between laboratories. A high degree of correlation between %472-C results by MAPREC and NGS was observed in all laboratories (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.996). NGS estimates of sequences at nucleotide 2493 with known polymorphism among type 3 OPV lots also produced low assay variability and excellent between-laboratory agreement.

Conclusions
The high consistency of NGS data demonstrates that NGS analysis can be used as high-resolution test alternative to MAPREC, producing whole-genome profiles to evaluate OPV production consistency, possibly eliminating the need for tests in animals. This would be very beneficial for the quality assessment of next-generation polio vaccines and, eventually, for other live-attenuated viral vaccines.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: stellar population correlates with stellar root-mean-square velocity Vrms gradients or total-density-profile slopes at fixed effective velocity dispersion σe
Authors: Lu Shengdong , Cappellari Michele , Mao Shude , Ge Junqiang , Li Ran 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy properties are known to correlate most tightly with the galaxy effective stellar velocity dispersion σe. Here, we look for additional trends at fixed σe using 1339 galaxies (M* ≳ 6 × 109 M⊙) with different morphologies in the MaNGA (DR14) sample with integral-field spectroscopy data. We focus on the gradients (γrms ≡ σ(Re/4)/σe) of the stellar root-mean-square velocity ($V_{\rm rms} \equiv \sqrt{V^2 + \sigma ^2}$), which we show traces the total mass density gradient γtot derived from dynamical models and, more weakly, the bulge fraction. We confirm that γrms increases with σe, age, and metallicity. We additionally find that these correlations still exist at fixed σe, where galaxies with larger γrms are found to be older and more metal-rich. It means that mass density gradients contain information of the stellar population which is not fully accounted for by σe. This result puts an extra constraint on our understanding of galaxy quenching. We compare our results with galaxies in the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations and find that, at fixed σe, similar trends exist with age, the bulge fraction, and the total mass density slope but, unlike observations, no correlation with metallicity can be detected in the simulations.
The nature of flux variations in the continua and broad-line regions of selected active galactic nuclei
Authors: Bewketu Belete A , Goicoechea L J , Canto Martins B L , Leão I C , De Medeiros J R 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a multifractal analysis of the long-term light curves of a small sample of type 1 active galactic nuclei: NGC 4151, Arp 102B, 3C 390.3, E1821+643 and NGC 7469. We aim to investigate how the degrees of multifractality of the continuum and Hβ line vary among the five different objects and to check whether the multifractal behaviours of the continuum and the Hβ line correlate with standard accretion parameters. The backward (θ = 0) one-dimensional multifractal detrended moving average procedure was applied to light curves covering the full observation period and partial observation periods containing an equal number of epochs for each object. We detected multifractal signatures for the continua of NGC 4151, Arp 102B and 3C 390.3 and for the Hβ lines of NGC 4151 and 3C 390.3. However, we found nearly monofractal signatures for the continua of E1821+643 and NGC 7469, as well as for the Hβ lines of Arp 102B, E1821+643 and NGC 7469. In addition, we did not find any correlations between the degree of multifractality of the Hβ line and accretion parameters, while the degree of multifractality of the continuum seems to correlate with the Eddington ratio (i.e. the smaller the ratio is, the stronger the degree of multifractality). The given method is not robust, and these results should be taken with caution. Future analysis of the sampling rate and other properties of the light curves should help with better constraining and understanding these results.
Decoupling the rotation of stars and gas – II. The link between black hole activity and simulated IFU kinematics in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Duckworth Christopher , Starkenburg Tjitske K , Genel Shy , Davis Timothy A , Habouzit Mélanie , Kraljic Katarina , Tojeiro Rita 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the relationship between supermassive black hole (BH) feedback, BH luminosity, and the kinematics of stars and gas for galaxies in IllustrisTNG. We use galaxies with mock MaNGA observations to identify kinematic misalignment at z = 0 (difference in rotation of stars and gas), for which we follow the evolutionary history of BH activity and gas properties over the last 8 Gyr. Misaligned low-mass galaxies ($\mathrm{\mathit{ M}_{stel} \lt 10^{10.2}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$) typically have boosted BH luminosity and BH growth, and have had more energy injected by BHs into the gas over the last 8 Gyr in comparison to low-mass aligned galaxies. These properties likely lead to outflows and gas removal, in agreement with active low mass galaxies in observations. Splitting on BH luminosity at z = 0 produces consistent distributions of kinematic misalignment at z = 0; however, splitting on the maximum BH luminosity over the last 8 Gyr produces statistically significant different distributions. While instantaneous correlation at z = 0 is difficult due to misalignment persisting on longer time-scales, the relationship between BH activity and misalignment is clear. High-mass quenched galaxies ($\mathrm{\mathit{ M}_{stel} \gt 10^{10.2}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$) with misalignment typically have similar BH luminosities, show lower gas fractions, and have typically lower gas phase metallicity over the last 8 Gyr in comparison to the high mass aligned.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shinkawa Kanna , Yoshida Satomi , Seki Tomotsugu , Yanagita Motoko , Kawakami Koji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the risk factors of VTE in nephrotic syndrome, other than hypoalbuminemia and severe proteinuria, are not well established. Therefore we aimed to investigate the risk factors of VTE in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from a Japanese nationwide claims database. We identified patients ≥18 years of age hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. Through multivariable logistic regression, we determined the risk factors of VTE in patients with nephrotic syndrome during hospitalization.

Results
Of the 7473 hospitalized patients with nephrotic syndrome without VTE, 221 (3.0%) developed VTE. In the VTE group, 14 (6.3%), 11 (5.0%) and 198 (89.6%) patients developed pulmonary embolism, renal vein thrombosis and deep vein thrombosis, respectively. We found that female sex {odds ratio [OR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.85]}, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 [OR 2.01 (95% CI 1.35–2.99)], acute kidney injury [AKI; OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.07–2.62)], sepsis [OR 2.85 (95% CI 1.37–5.93)], lupus nephritis [OR 3.64 (95% CI 1.58–8.37)] and intravenous corticosteroids use [OR 2.40 (95% CI 1.52–3.80)] were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing VTE.

Conclusions
In patients with nephrotic syndrome, female sex, BMI ≥30, AKI, sepsis, lupus nephritis and intravenous corticosteroid use may help evaluate the risk of VTE.
Dissecting the Financial Relationship Between Industry and Academic Neurosurgery
Authors: Motiwala Mustafa , Herr Michael J , Jampana Raju Sripraharsha S , Lillard Jock , Ajmera Sonia , Saad Hassan , Schultz Andrew , Fraser Brittany , Wallace David , Norrdahl Sebastian , Akinduro Olutomi , Oravec Chesney S , Xu Raymond , Jimenez Brian , Justo Melissa , Hardee Jennings , Vaughn Brandy N , Michael L Madison , Klimo Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Established by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Open Payments Database (OPD) has reported industry payments to physicians since August 2013.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the frequency, type, and value of payments received by academic neurosurgeons in the United States over a 5-yr period (2014-2018).

METHODS
The OPD was queried for attending neurosurgeons from all neurosurgical training programs in the United States (n = 116). Information from the OPD was analyzed for the entire cohort as well as for comparative subgroup analyses, such as career stage, subspecialty, and geographic location.

RESULTS
Of all identified neurosurgeons, 1509 (95.0%) received some payment from industry between 2014 and 2018 for a total of 106 171 payments totaling $266 407 458.33. A bimodal distribution was observed for payment number and total value: 0 to 9 (n = 438) vs > 50 (n = 563) and 0-$1000 (n = 418) vs >$10 000 (n = 653), respectively. Royalty/License was the most common type of payment overall (59.6%; $158 723 550.57). The median number (40) and value ($8958.95) of payments were highest for mid-career surgeons. The South-Central region received the most money ($117 970 036.39) while New England received the greatest number of payments (29 423). Spine surgeons had the greatest median number (60) and dollar value ($20 551.27) of payments, while pediatric neurosurgeons received the least (8; $1108.29). Male neurosurgeons received a greater number (31) and value ($6395.80) of payments than their female counterparts (11, $1643.72).

CONCLUSION
From 2014 to 2018, payments to academic neurosurgeons have increased in number and value. Dollars received were dependent on geography, career stage, subspecialty and gender.