bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet composition of the Korean wild boar Sus scrofa coreanus (Suidae) at Mt. Jeombongsan, Korea
Authors: Shin Hyung-Min , Kim Jihee , Jin Seon Deok , Won Ho-Yeon , Park Sangkyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus Heude), because of their adaptability, are a widespread large mammal; however, they sometimes cause problems by invading farms and eating the crops, creating insufficiencies of some foods in South Korea. To understand the diet composition of Korean wild boars according to sex and body size, we collected their feces from Mt. Jeombongsan, Seoraksan National Park, South Korea. The sizes of fecal samples were measured, and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. We amplified specific loci targeting plants (rbcL and trnL) and animals (COI) to detect the food sources of this omnivore and amplified the ZF and SRY regions to determine the sex.

Results
In the wild boar feces, Rosaceae and Bryophyte were the most frequently detected plant food sources at the family level and Diptera and Haplotaxida were the most frequently detected animal food sources at the order level. As a result of sex determination, the sex ratio of wild boars collected in the Mt. Jeombongsan area was approximately 1:1. Our result suggested that there is no significant difference between the diet composition of male and female boars. Based on the average cross-sectional area of the feces, the top 25% were classified into the large body size group and the bottom 25% were classified into the small body size group. The large body size group mainly preferred Actinidiaceae, and the small body size group most frequently consumed Fagaceae. The diet of the large body size group was more diverse than the small body size group.

Conclusions
Our results showed that the wild boars preferred Rosaceae, especially Sanguisorba and Filipendula, as plant food sources, and Diptera and Coleoptera of Insecta as animal food sources. Based on the results, the dietary preferences of wild boar appear to be distinguished by not their sex but their body size. Our study could help to elucidate the feeding ecology and population structure of wild boar, as well as address conservation and management issues.
A twisted tale-radiological imaging features of COVID-19 on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: O’Neill Hazel , Doran Simon , Fraioli Francesco , Nasoodi Afshin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care systems across the globe in a short period of time. There is a growing body of evidence surrounding the findings on hybrid imaging with FDG-PET/CT, and this case highlights the importance of molecular imaging in better understanding of the biomarkers of the disease which ultimately determine the success in building a model to predict the disease severity and monitoring the response to treatment.
Use of Neem leaves as soil amendment for the control of collar rot disease of chickpea
Authors: Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad , Al-Taie Azher Hameed , Ahmed Dildar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that is attacked by the fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii, responsible for collar rot disease. In the present study, the pathogen was isolated from diseased chickpea seedlings and identified on molecular basis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin markers. To control this pathogen, an in vivo study was carried out, using Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaf dry biomass (1, 2, and 3%) as soil amendment. A broad-spectrum fungicide mancozeb was selected as a reference and the data regarding plant growth and mortality rates were calculated. In positive control, the highest seedling mortality (56%) was recorded in comparison to negative control (0%) after 30 days of sowing. In 1, 2, and 3% concentrations of A. indica dry leaf biomass, the seedling mortalities were 49, 38, and 38%, respectively. On the other hand, the mancozeb-treated seedlings showed the lowest plant mortality rate (28%). Soil treatments with mancozeb as well as with 1 and 2% leaf biomass concentrations showed marked differences in root and shoot dry biomasses over positive control. In a laboratory bioassay, methanolic leaf extract of Neem of 0.5 to 3.5% concentrations reduced biomass of S. rolfsii by 86–90% over control. The present study concluded that 2% A. indica leaf amendment was the most useful concentration for management of collar rot disease of chickpea.
Injectable fillers: imaging features and related complications
Authors: Abdelmohsen Mohsen Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Injectable fillers are currently widely used in the clinical practice; there are many indications for injectable fillers including facial and gluteal rejuvenation, management of post-traumatic facial disfiguring, and pathological volumetric loss secondary to certain disease medications like human immune deficiency virus (HIV) medications.
Radiologists should be familiar with the specific imaging features of the injectable fillers, characteristic anatomical locations, and possible complications to avoid diagnostic pitfalls especially when incidentally discovered while imaging of other pathological process like neoplastic work up or granulomatous lesions follow-up.

Results
The study included 48 patients (45 females and 3 males): 44 patients with facial injectable fillers and four patients with pelvic injectable fillers.
Of the 48 patients, 37 patients showed unremarkable fillers features with normal morphological features and anatomical distribution, and eleven patients showed complications: six patients showed one complication, and five patients showed more than one complications.
Dedicated fillers imaging study was done in 22 patients, while in the other 26 patients, imaging was done for other reasons, and fillers were notified and documented.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done for 46 patients; two patients were subjected to combine ultra-sonographic and CT examinations with no clinical indication for MRI study assessment.

Conclusion
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for evaluation of facial and gluteal region fillers with delineation of their imaging features and related potential complications.
Differentiation between fillers and neoplastic or granulomatous lesions could be accurately done with MRI.
Development and pilot testing of an adaptable protocol to address postpartum depression in pediatric practices serving lower-income and racial/ethnic minority families: contextual considerations
Authors: Goff Sarah L. , Moran Michael J. , Szegda Kathleen , Fioroni Tina , DeBanate Mary Ann , Byatt Nancy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 25% of women in lower-income and racial/ethnic minority populations in the USA. Evidence-based interventions for PPD screening and treatment exist, but many women with PPD are not identified or are inadequately treated. To address this gap, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for PPD at routine preventive visits in the first 6 months of postpartum, but less than half of pediatricians do so. Small PPD screening studies have been conducted in pediatric practices serving average-risk women, but less is known about practices serving families with lower-income and/or racial/ethnic minority status (safety-net practices). Study objectives were (1) to develop and pilot test an adaptable PPD screening protocol in safety-net practices and (2) to test strategies for implementing the protocol.

Methods
The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used for this two-phase pilot study. Phase I focus groups with pediatric providers and staff in four safety-net practices informed phase II development and implementation of a PPD screening and referral protocol. Feasibility measures included the percentage of eligible women screened and documentation of follow-up plans in the electronic health record at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-month preventive visits over 3 months. Implementation strategies were assessed for acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Results
Focus group participants felt that (1) addressing PPD in the pediatric setting is important, (2) all clinical team members should be engaged in screening, (3) workflows and competing interests may present barriers, and (4) commonly used screening tools/approaches may not adequately detect depression in the population studied. During protocol implementation, screening rates increased from 75 to 85% for 324 eligible preventive visits and documentation of follow-up plans increased from 66 to 87%. Only 6.5% of women screened positive (EPDS ≥ 10). Minor adaptations to implementation strategies were recommended to improve acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Conclusions
Although developing and implementing an adaptable protocol for PPD screening in safety-net pediatric practices using external facilitation and a bundle of implementation strategies appear feasible, low positive screen rates suggest adaptations to account for intersecting patient, practice, and external policy contexts are needed to improve PPD screening effectiveness in these practices.
Typhoid ulcer related massive gastrointestinal bleeding successfully treated with endoscopic therapy
Authors: Sonavane Amey D. , Gupta Deepak , Parmar Tushar , Sen Suvadeep , Nimavat Balakrishna , Ambekar Asawari , Nagral Aabha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Typhoid fever can manifest with a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the present-day era, gastrointestinal bleeding related to bowel ulceration is becoming increasingly sporadic especially in the urban setting.

Case presentation
We present a rare case of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding from a typhoid ileal ulcer that was successfully managed with endoscopic therapy.

Conclusion
Though rare, this infective cause of gastrointestinal bleeding should still be considered in differential diagnosis, especially in developing countries.
Smartphone-Enhanced Training, QA, Monitoring, and Evaluation of a Platform for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges to Implementation in Tanzania
Authors: Yeates Karen , Erwin Erica , Mtema Zac , Magoti Frank , Nkumbugwa Simoni , Yuma Safina , Hopman Wilma M. , Ferguson Alyssa , Oneko Olola , Macheku Godwin , Mtei Agnes Feksi , Smith Carter , Andrews Linda , West Nicola , Dalton Milena , Newcomb Ashley , Ginsburg Ophira 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Until human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cervical screening is more affordable and widely available, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the WHO for screening in lower-resource settings. Visual inspection will still be required to assess the cervix for women whose screening is positive for high-risk HPV. However, the quality of VIA can vary widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers. We developed a smartphone-enhanced VIA platform (SEVIA) for real-time secure sharing of cervical images for remote supportive supervision, data monitoring, and evaluation. METHODS We assessed programmatic outcomes so that findings could be translated into routine care in the Tanzania National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. We compared VIA positivity rates (for HIV-positive and HIV-negative women) before and after implementation. We collected demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and loss-to-follow-up data. RESULTS From July 2016 to June 2017, 10,545 women were screened using SEVIA at 24 health facilities across 5 regions of Tanzania. In the first 6 months of implementation, screening quality increased significantly from the baseline rate in the prior year, with a well-trained cadre of more than 50 health providers who “graduated” from the supportive-supervision training model. However, losses to follow-up for women referred for further evaluation or to a higher level of care were considerable. CONCLUSION The SEVIA platform is a feasible, quality improvement, mobile health intervention that can be integrated into a national cervical screening program. Our model demonstrates potential for scalability. As HPV screening becomes more affordable, the platform can be used for visual assessment of the cervix to determine amenability for same-day ablative therapy and/or as a secondary triage step, if needed.
Outcomes and Costs for Women After Breast Cancer: Preparing for Improved Survivorship of Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Yashkin Arseniy P. , Greenup Rachel A. , Gorbunova Galina , Akushevich Igor , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Hwang E. Shelley 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:Increasing health care costs, longer life expectancy, improved breast cancer (BC) survival, and higher levels of complex comorbidities have important implications for future Medicare expenditures.METHODS:Data from the SEER program linked to Medicare claims records were used. Women with BC (cases) were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of their year of diagnosis (1998, 2003, or 2008) and were propensity score matched to women without a BC diagnosis (controls). All stage and stage-specific longitudinal changes in survival, morbidity levels using the Elixhauser index, and Medicare expenditures in 2018 dollars were calculated and compared.RESULTS:More than 15% of BC cases were diagnosed in patients over the age of 85 years. The prevalence of most comorbidities increased over time. Costs among cases increased between 1998 and 2008. Spending directly correlated with the stage of disease at diagnosis, with the lowest per-patient costs in the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) subgroup ($14,792 in 1998 and $19,652 in 2008) and the highest in those with distant cancer ($37,667 in 1998 and $43,675 in 2008). Assuming no significant changes in the distribution of BC stage or age at diagnosis, the total annual costs of caring for patients with BC in women 65 years of age or older at diagnosis increased by at least $1.1 billion between 1998 and 2008.CONCLUSION:Improvements in BC survivorship are associated with intensive use of health care resources and substantially higher downstream costs among Medicare beneficiaries. Appropriate planning, in both the fiscal and the oncology care infrastructure, is required to prepare the health system for these emerging health care trends.
Extended Resections for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kuipers H. , de Savornin Lohman E. A. J. , van Dooren M. , Braat A. E. , Daams F. , van Dam R. , Erdmann J. I. , Hagendoorn J. , Hoogwater F. J. H. , Groot Koerkamp B. , van Gulik T. M. , de Reuver P. R. , de Boer M. T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Extended resections (i.e., major hepatectomy and/or pancreatoduodenectomy) are rarely performed for gallbladder cancer (GBC) because outcomes remain inconclusive. Data regarding extended resections from Western centers are sparse. This Dutch, multicenter cohort study analyzed the outcomes of patients who underwent extended resections for locally advanced GBC.

Methods
Patients with GBC who underwent extended resection with curative intent between January 2000 and September 2018 were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Extended resection was defined as a major hepatectomy (resection of ≥ 3 liver segments), a pancreatoduodenectomy, or both. Treatment and survival data were obtained. Postoperative morbidity, mortality, survival, and characteristics of short- and long-term survivors were assessed.

Results
The study included 33 patients. For 16 of the patients, R0 resection margins were achieved. Major postoperative complications (Clavien Dindo ≥ 3A) occurred for 19 patients, and 4 patients experienced postoperative mortality within 90 days. Recurrence occurred for 24 patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.5–19.0 months). A 2-year survival period was achieved for 10 patients (30%) and a 5-year survival period for 5 patients (15%). Common bile duct, liver, perineural and perivascular invasion and jaundice were associated with reduced survival. All three recurrence-free patients had R0 resection margins and no liver invasion.

Conclusion
The median OS after extended resections for advanced GBC was 12.8 months in this cohort. Although postoperative morbidity and mortality were significant, long-term survival (≥ 2 years) was achieved in a subset of patients. Therefore, GBC requiring major surgery does not preclude long-term survival, and a subgroup of patients benefit from surgery.
An Untargeted Urine Metabolomics Approach for Autologous Blood Transfusion Detection
Authors: BEJDER JACOB , GÜRDENIZ GÖZDE , CUPARENCU CĂTĂLINA , HALL FREDERIKKE , GYBEL-BRASK MIKKEL , BREENFELDT ANDERSEN ANDREAS , DRAGSTED LARS OVE , SECHER NIELS H. , JOHANSSON PÄR I. , NORDSBORG NIKOLAI BAASTRUP 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Autologous blood transfusion is performance enhancing and prohibited in sport but remains difficult to detect. This study explored the hypothesis that an untargeted urine metabolomics analysis can reveal one or more novel metabolites with high sensitivity and specificity for detection of autologous blood transfusion.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design, exercise-trained men (n = 12) donated 900 mL blood or were sham phlebotomized. After 4 wk, red blood cells or saline were reinfused. Urine samples were collected before phlebotomy and 2 h and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 d after reinfusion and analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Models of unique metabolites reflecting autologous blood transfusion were attained by partial least-squares discriminant analysis.

Results
The strongest model was obtained 2 h after reinfusion with a misclassification error of 6.3% and 98.8% specificity. However, combining only a few of the strongest metabolites selected by this model provided a sensitivity of 100% at days 1 and 2 and 66% at day 3 with 100% specificity. Metabolite identification revealed the presence of secondary di-2-ethylhexyl phtalate metabolites and putatively identified the presence of (iso)caproic acid glucuronide as the strongest candidate biomarker.

Conclusions
Untargeted urine metabolomics revealed several plasticizers as the strongest metabolic pattern for detection of autologous blood transfusion for up to 3 d. Importantly, no other metabolites in urine seem of value for antidoping purposes.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Serum Vitamin D, and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Authors: FARRELL STEPHEN W. , LEONARD DAVID , BARLOW CAROLYN E. , WILLIS BENJAMIN L. , PAVLOVIC ANDJELKA , DEFINA LAURA F. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), vitamin D deficiency, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) are prevalent among U.S. adults. Joint associations among these variables are not well described.

Methods
Between 2006 and 2018, 14,353 apparently healthy men completed a comprehensive health examination, including CRF based on a maximal treadmill test, components of MetSyn, and serum vitamin D levels [25(OH)D]. Participants were classified into groups of low (category 1), moderate (categories 2–3), and high (categories 4–5) CRF by age-group, as well as by clinical cut points for MetSyn and 25(OH)D. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of MetSyn across levels of CRF and 25(OH)D and also examined joint associations among these three variables.

Results
Mean 25(OH)D levels were 30.9 ± 11.6 and 26.3 ± 10.7 ng·mL−1 in men without and with MetSyn, respectively (P < 0.001). The prevalence of MetSyn was inversely associated with ordered categories of CRF and 25(OH)D (P
trend < 0.001 for both). Men with normal 25(OH)D had significantly lower odds of MetSyn than men who were vitamin D deficient (OR = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.33). Men with moderate (OR = 0.31, 0.27–0.35) or high CRF (OR = 0.08, 0.07–0.09) had significantly lower odds of MetSyn than men with low CRF. Joint associations between CRF, 25(OH)D, and MetSyn revealed significantly greater prevalence of MetSyn in unfit men compared with fit men within each category of 25(OH)D (P < 0.001). Each 5 ng·mL−1 increment of 25(OH)D and 1 MET increment of CRF was associated with a 16.0% and 31.3% lower prevalence of MetSyn, respectively.

Conclusion
There are strong individual and joint associations between CRF, 25(OH)D, and MetSyn. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate these joint associations with regard to mortality outcomes.
Force and Rate Metrics Provide Return-to-Sport Criterion after ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Alzakerin Helia Mahzoun , Halkiadakis Yannis , Morgan Kristin D. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Peak vertical ground reaction force and linear loading rate can be valuable metrics for return-to-sport assessment because they represent limb loading dynamics; yet, there is no defined cutoff criterion to differentiate between healthy and altered limb loading. Studies have shown that healthy individuals exhibit strong first-order relationships between gait variables whereas individuals with pathological conditions did not. Thus, this study sought to explore and exploit this first-order relationship to define a region of healthy limb dynamics, which individuals with pathological conditions would reside outside of, to rapidly assess individuals with altered limb loading dynamics for return to sport. We hypothesized that there would be a strong first-order linear relationship between vertical ground reaction force peak force and linear loading rate in healthy controls’ limbs, which could be exploited to identify abnormal limb loading dynamics in post–anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) individuals.

Methods
Thirty-one post-ACLR individuals and 31 healthy controls performed a running protocol. A first-order regression analysis modeled the relationship between peak vertical ground reaction forces and linear vertical ground reaction force loading rate in the healthy control limbs to define a region of healthy dynamics to evaluate post-ACLR reconstructed limb dynamics.

Results
A first-order regression model aided in the determination of cutoff criteria to define a region of healthy limb dynamics. Ninety percent of the post-ACLR reconstructed limbs exhibited abnormal limb dynamics based on their location outside of the region of healthy dynamics.

Conclusion
This approach successfully delineated between healthy and abnormal limb loadings dynamics in controls and post-ACLR individuals. The findings demonstrate how force and loading rate–dependent metrics can help develop criteria for individualized post-ACLR return-to-sport assessment.