bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two weeks of remote ischaemic preconditioning alters sympathovagal balance in healthy humans
Authors: Gardner Richard N. , Sabino‐Carvalho Jeann L. , Kim Jahyun , Vianna Lauro C. , Lang James A. 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Delayed cardiovascular responses occur following a single bout of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC). Is heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate marker of cardiac vagal control, able to detect a delayed effect after a single bout of RIPC? Do repeated bouts of RIPC further alter HRV?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Indices of HRV indicated a shift in sympathovagal balance toward greater parasympathetic activity following 2 weeks of RIPC but not after a single bout of RIPC. Thus, repeated bouts of RIPC were necessary to elicit changes in autonomic function.

AbstractRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by brief periods of ischaemia followed by reperfusion, protects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury and improves microvascular function. However, the effect of RIPC on autonomic function remains unclear. We hypothesized that RIPC, administered as a single bout or repeated over a 2‐week period, will increase markers of cardiac vagal control measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty‐two young adults performed a single bout (n = 13), repeated bouts (n = 11), or served as a time control (n = 8). RIPC sessions consisted of four repetitions of 5 min unilateral brachial artery occlusion interspersed by 5 min of reperfusion. For the single bout protocol, resting lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) was collected before and 24, 48, 72 and 168 h post‐RIPC. The repeated bout protocol consisted of three 4‐day periods of RIPC training, each interspersed by a 1‐day break. Similar to time controls, ECG was collected before and 24 h after the last RIPC bout. HRV was analysed by power spectral density and symbolic dynamics using 350‐beat ECG segments. After a single bout of RIPC, no changes in HRV were observed at any time point (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks of repeated RIPC, the percentage of zero‐variation fragments (baseline = 13.1 ± 1.9%, post‐RIPC = 6.9 ± 1.5%, P < 0.05) and the LF/HF ratio decreased (baseline = 1.1 ± 0.2, post‐RIPC = 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.01), whereas the percentage of two‐variation fragments increased (baseline = 42.9 ± 3.6%, post‐RIPC = 52.5 ± 3.0%, P < 0.01). These data indicate that repeated RIPC is necessary to elicit changes in sympathovagal balance, specifically resulting in increased vagal and decreased sympathetic activity.
Study of a Lab-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle for the Ultra-Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery Associated With Data Centers
Authors: Araya Sebastian , Wemhoff Aaron P. , Jones Gerard F. , Fleischer Amy S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ongoing growth in data center rack power density leads to an increased capability for waste heat recovery. Recent studies revealed the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a viable means for data center waste heat recovery since the ORC uses waste heat to generate on-site, low-cost electricity, which can produce economic benefits by reducing the overall data center power consumption. This paper describes the first experimental and theoretical study of a lab-scale ORC designed for ultralow grade (40–85 °C) waste heat conditions typical of a data center server rack, and it outlines the implementation of a similar ORC system for a data center. The experimental results show thermal efficiencies ranging from 1.9% at 43 °C to 4.6% at 81 °C. The largest contributors to ORC exergy destruction are the evaporator and condenser due to large fluid temperature differences in the heat exchangers. The average isentropic efficiency of the expander is 70%. A second-law analysis estimates a reduction of 4–8% in data center power requirements when ORC power is fed back into the servers at a waste heat temperature of 90 °C. The data from the lab-scale experiment, when complemented by the thermodynamic model, provide the necessary first step toward advancing this type of waste heat recovery for data centers (DCs).
Crosstalk in Mechanomyographic Signals From Elbow Flexor Muscles During Submaximal to Maximal Isometric Flexion, Pronation, and Supination Torque Tasks
Authors: Talib Irsa , Sundaraj Kenneth , Lam Chee Kiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study analyzed the crosstalk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from elbow flexors during isometric muscle actions from 20% to 100% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Twenty-five young, healthy, male participants performed the isometric elbow flexion, forearm pronation, and supination tasks at an elbow joint angle of 90 deg. The MMG signals from the biceps brachii (BB), brachialis (BRA), and brachioradialis (BRD) muscles were recorded using accelerometers. The cross-correlation coefficient was used to quantify the crosstalk in MMG signals, recorded in a direction transverse to muscle fiber axis, among the muscle pairs (P1: BB and BRA, P2: BRA and BRD, and P3: BB and BRD). In addition, the MMG RMS and MPF were quantified. The mean normalized RMS and mean MPF exhibited increasing (r &gt; 0.900) and decreasing (r &lt; −0.900) trends, respectively, with increases in the effort levels in all three tasks. The magnitude of crosstalk ranged from 0.915% to 21.565% in all three muscle pairs. The crosstalk was found to exhibit high positive correlations with submaximal to maximal flexion [P1 (r = 0.970), P2 (r = 0.951), and P3 (r = 0.824)], pronation [P1 (r = 0.811), P2 (r = 0.763), and P3 (r = 0.901)] and supination [P1 (r = 0.898), P2 (r = 0.838), and P3 (r = 0.852)] torque levels (eight out of nine p-values were &lt; 0.05). Regardless of the high positive correlation between crosstalk and level of effort, the crosstalk remained at a low range (0.915–21.565%) with increases in the torque levels.
Electrical Performances of a Surface Acoustic Wave Device With Inter-Digital Transducers Electrodes in Local Resonances
Authors: Serhane Rafik , Belkhelfa Nabila , Hadj-Larbi Fayçal , Bakha Yamna , Merah Sidi Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate numerically the coupling of the Rayleigh mode with the micro-wall resonance modes in inter-digital transducers (IDTs) electrodes of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. We perform a finite element analysis (FEA) of the SAW features using an implemented model using comsol Multiphysics® software. The SAW structure comprises identical transmitter and receiver IDTs electrodes, with different electrode heights (he). The proposed FEA study is based on the extraction of reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) coefficients of the SAW device. The IDTs are considered to be a micro-wall phononic crystal acting as local resonators at frequencies inside the SAW passband. The locally resonance gap is strongly dependent on the he value, and S11 and S21 parameters are affected by the SAW energy absorption in the IDTs system. We have chosen two he values (0.5 and 3 µm) to study low and high aspect ratios of micro-walls, corresponding respectively to Bragg-type and resonance-type bandgaps appearing near the SAW central frequency. At the SAW resonance frequency, the return (S11) and the insertion (S21) losses are reduced. S21 is reduced by 12.73 and 18.49 dB for he = 0.5 and 3 µm, respectively, accompanied by an increase in the quality factor, and S11 parameter is reduced by 1.357 and 4.98 dB for he = 0.5 and 3 µm, respectively.
Synthesis of Six-Bar Timed Curve Generators of Stephenson-Type Using Random Monodromy Loops
Authors: Baskar Aravind , Plecnik Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthesis of rigid-body mechanisms has traditionally been motivated by the design for kinematic requirements such as rigid-body motions, paths, or functions. A blend of the latter two leads to timed curve synthesis, the goal of which is to produce a path coordinated to the input of a joint variable. This approach has utility for altering the transmission of forces and velocities from an input joint onto an output point path. The design of timed curve generators can be accomplished by setting up a square system of algebraic equations and obtaining all isolated solutions. For a four-bar linkage, obtaining these solutions is routine. The situation becomes much more complicated for the six-bar linkages, but the range of possible output motions is more diverse. The computation of nearly complete solution sets for these six-bar design equations has been facilitated by recent root finding techniques belonging to the field of numerical algebraic geometry. In particular, we implement a method that uses random monodromy loops. In this work, we report these solution sets to all relevant six-bars of the Stephenson topology. The computed solution sets to these generic problems represent a design library, which can be used in a parameter continuation step to design linkages for different subsequent requirements.
The Effects of a High-Protein Diet on Markers of Muscle Damage Following Exercise in Active Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Clifford Tom , Hayes Eleanor J. , Scragg Jadine H. , Taylor Guy , Smith Kieran , Bowden Davies Kelly A. , Stevenson Emma J. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This study examined whether a higher protein diet following strenuous exercise can alter markers of muscle damage and inflammation in older adults. Methods: Using a double-blind, independent group design, 10 males and eight females (age 57 ± 4 years; mass 72.3 ± 5.6 kg; height 1.7 ± 6.5 m) were supplied with a higher protein (2.50 g·kg−1·day−1) or moderate protein (1.25 g·kg−1·day−1) diet for 48 hr after 140 squats with 25% of their body mass. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions, muscle soreness, creatine kinase, Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted, and inflammatory markers were measured preexercise, and 24 hr and 48 hr postexercise. Results: The maximal isometric voluntary contractions decreased postexercise (p = .001, ), but did not differ between groups (p = .822, ). Muscle soreness peaked at 24 hr post in moderate protein (44 ± 30 mm) and 48 hr post in higher protein (70 ± 46 mm; p = .005; ); however, no group differences were found (p = .585; ). Monocytes and lymphocytes significantly decreased postexercise, and eosinophils increased 24 hr postexercise (p < 0.05), but neutrophils, creatine kinase, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted were unchanged by exercise or the intervention (p > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, 2.50 g·kg−1·day−1 of protein is not more effective than 1.25 g·kg−1·day−1 for attenuating indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation following strenuous exercise in older adults.
A Baltic heritage in Scotland: Basement terrane transfer during the Grenvillian orogeny
Authors: Strachan R.A. , Johnson T.E. , Kirkland C.L. , Kinny P.D. , Kusky T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Archean basement inliers within the Northern Highland terrane (NHT), Scottish Caledonides, have been correlated with the Lewisian Gneiss Complex of the Laurentian foreland. New zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the NHT basement contains evidence for magmatism at 2823–2687 Ma and 1772–1655 Ma. The first group compares with crystallization ages of the foreland Archean gneisses. However, the second group, and a supracrustal unit, formed ∼100–250 m.y. after the youngest major phase of juvenile magmatism and sedimentation in the foreland. Also, there is no indication within the NHT basement of the Paleoproterozoic mafic and felsic intrusions common within the foreland, leading us to conclude that there is no firm basis for correlation of the two crustal blocks. The Caledonian Moine thrust, which separates the foreland and the NHT basement, is thought to have reworked a Grenvillian suture indicated by the presence of the ca. 1100–1000 Ma Eastern Glenelg eclogites. On the basis of the new isotopic data, we propose that the NHT basement was a fragment of Baltica that was emplaced onto Laurentia during the Grenvillian orogeny, representing a further example of basement terrane transfer in the circum–North Atlantic orogens.
Intermittent fracturing in the middle continental crust as evidence for transient switching of principal stress axes associated with the subduction zone earthquake cycle
Authors: Mancktelow Neil , Pennacchioni Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the Neves area, eastern Alps, fractures that localized shear zones in middle continental crust above the Alpine megathrust are commonly oriented at a high angle to the inferred long-term shortening direction. Fractures show a segmentation geometry and, locally, a discernible offset, indicating movement opposite to the sense of subsequent ductile shear and implying a switch of principal stress axes σ1 and σ3 during fracturing. We propose that this repeated switch, demonstrated by overprinting relationships and different degrees of fracture reactivation, was due to sporadic co-seismic to early post-seismic rebound in the upper plate of the Alpine continental collision system. Fracturing occurred intermittently in the weak midcrustal rocks due to seismic stress release at high transient strain rates and pore-fluid pressures. Widespread transient fracturing in the hanging wall of the Alpine megathrust regionally controls the orientation of ductile shear zones in the middle crust, as well as the emplacement of magmatic dikes.
Seismic evidence for craton chiseling and displacement of lithospheric mantle by the Tintina fault in the northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Estève Clément , Audet Pascal , Schaeffer Andrew J. , Schutt Derek L. , Aster Richard C. , Cubley Joel F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe northern Canadian Cordillera (NCC) of northwestern Canada is segmented by several margin-parallel, right-lateral, strike-slip faults that accumulated several hundred kilometers of displacement between the Late Cretaceous and the Eocene. The depth extent of these faults, notably the Tintina fault (TF), has important implications for the tectonic assemblage and evolution of NCC lithospheric mantle, but geophysical models and geochemical data remain inconclusive. Using a recent three-dimensional P-wave seismic velocity model, we resolved a series of sharp (∼10 km) P-wave velocity contrasts (∼4%) at uppermost mantle depths beneath the surface trace of the TF. Seismic anisotropy data that represent upper-mantle fabrics revealed similar changes in the orientation and magnitude of anisotropy in the vicinity of the TF. These data suggest that the TF is a lithospheric-scale shear zone. After restoration of 430 km of right-lateral displacement along the TF, fast P-wave anomalies align with the outline of the North American craton margin. We propose the fast anomaly structure currently located in eastern Alaska represents a fragment of the Mackenzie craton that was chiseled and displaced to the northwest by the TF between the Late Cretaceous and the Eocene. A second cratonic fragment currently located in the southern NCC may be associated with the Cassiar terrane at upper-mantle depth. These observations provide the first evidence that large lithospheric-scale shear zones cut through refractory mantle and produce major lateral displacement of cratonic mantle material within cordilleras worldwide.
Association of hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity and hepatitis B surface antibody seropositivity with diabetes: a cross-sectional study based on two Chinese populations in Guangdong, China
Authors: Liu Yuan , Jiang Chaoqiang , Hao Yuantao , Xu Lin , Zhang Weisen , Jin Ya Li , Zhu Tong , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo examine whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) seropositivity were associated with the presence of diabetes in two population-based studies in southern China, the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS) and the Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (MIDPC) study.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe GBCS was conducted among a community social and welfare organisation with branches in all 10 districts of Guangzhou. The MIDPC was conducted among the community residents in two districts of Guangzhou and three districts of Zhongshan.Participants4947 participants from the GBCS and 4357 participants from the MIDPC were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresType 2 diabetes was the main study outcome, which was diagnosed by fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, and/or self-reported history of diabetes.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity and body mass index, we found no association of HBsAg seropositivity in GBCS or MIDPC (OR=1.12, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.69, and OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.17, respectively), and HBsAb seropositivity (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.12, OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.16, respectively) with the presence of diabetes. Null associations were found for analysis pooling GBCS and MIDPC data after similar adjustment. The adjusted OR for the associations of HBsAg seropositivity and HBsAb seropositivity with the presence of diabetes in the pooled sample was 0.91 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.19) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.12), respectively.ConclusionsTaking advantage of data from two large cross-sectional studies, we found no association of serological status of HBsAg and HBsAb with the presence of diabetes or glucose measures.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a comprehensive care plan to reduce hospital acquired complications in an Australian hospital: protocol for a mixed-method preimplementation and postimplementation study
Authors: Jessup Rebecca Leigh , Tacey Mark , Glynn Maree , Kirk Michael , McKeown Liz 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionA new healthcare standard (Standard 5: Comprehensive Care) has been introduced by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare. Standard 5 advocates for organisational leadership to develop and maintain systems and processes to deliver patient-centred comprehensive care plans that include appropriate screening to identify and mitigate risks associated with hospitalisation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a comprehensive care and risk evaluation (Comprehensive Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE)) plan to reduce hospital acquired complications (HACs) in an Australian hospital network.Methods and analysisThis study will comprise a mixed-method pre and post implementation concurrent triangulation evaluation design. The primary clinical outcome will assess the reduction of routinely reported HACs (pressure care and falls), selected based on the likely reliability of routinely collected data prior to implementation. Secondary clinical outcomes will include length of stay and activity-based costing data for each episode, in-hospital mortality, expected and unplanned readmissions within 28 days, compliance with CARE plan completion and referrals for at risk patients, staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction and barriers and enablers to implementation. We expect that the incidence of other HACs (malnutrition, delirium, violence and aggression, and suicide and self-harm) may increase as routine methods for assessing risk were not in place prior to implementation of the CARE plan. We will therefore collect data on incidence of these HACs as tertiary outcomes. Our primary cost-effectiveness outcome will be calculation of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from Northern Health Low Risk Ethics Committee. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
Are population trends in high-risk alcohol consumption in smokers associated with trends in quit attempts and quit success? A time-series analysis
Authors: Beard Emma , Brown Jamie , West Robert , Michie Susan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesMonthly changes in the prevalence of high-risk drinking and smoking in England appear to be positively correlated. This study aimed to assess how far monthly changes in high-risk drinking were specifically associated with attempts to stop smoking and the success of quit attempts.DesignData were used from the Alcohol and Smoking Toolkit Studies between April 2014 and June 2018. These involve monthly household face-to-face surveys of representative samples of ~1800 adults.SettingEngland.ParticipantsData were aggregated on 17 560 past-year smokers over the study period.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAutoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous input (ARIMAX) modelling was used to assess the association over time between monthly prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and (a) prevalence of attempts to quit smoking and (b) prevalence of successful quit attempts in those attempting to quit. Bayes factors (BF) were calculated to compare the null hypothesis with the hypothesis of an effect sufficiently large (β=0.6) to explain the established association between overall prevalence in smoking and high-risk drinking.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between monthly changes in prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and attempts to quit smoking (β=0.156, 95% CI −0.079 to 0.391, p=0.194) or quit success (β=0.066, 95% CI −0.524 to 0.655, p=0.827). BF indicated that the data were insensitive but suggested there is weak evidence for the null hypothesis in the case of both quit attempts (BF=0.80) and quit success (BF=0.53).ConclusionsMonthly changes in prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption in England are not clearly associated with changes in quit attempt or quit success rates.
Establishing reference costs for the health benefit packages under universal health coverage in India: cost of health services in India (CHSI) protocol
Authors: Prinja Shankar , Singh Maninder Pal , Guinness Lorna , Rajsekar Kavitha , Bhargava Balram 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo achieve universal health coverage, the Government of India has introduced Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB - PMJAY), a large tax-funded national health insurance scheme for the provision of secondary and tertiary care services in public and private hospitals. AB - PMJAY reimburses care for 1573 health benefit packages (HBPs). HBPs are designed to cover the treatment of diseases/conditions with high incidence/prevalence or which contribute to high out-of-pocket expenditure. However, there is a dearth of reference cost data against which provider payment rates can be assessed.Methods and analysisThe CHSI (Cost of Health Services in India) study will collect cost data from 13 Indian states covering 52 public and 40 private hospitals, using a mixed economic costing methodology (top-down and bottom-up), to generate unit costs for the HBPs. States will be sampled to capture economic status, development indicators and health service utilisation heterogeneity. The public sector hospitals will be chosen at secondary and tertiary care level. One tertiary facility will be selected from each state. At secondary level, three districts per state will be selected randomly from the district composite development score ranking. The private sector hospital sample will be stratified by nature of ownership (for-profit and not-for-profit), type of city (tier 1, 2 or 3) and size of the hospital (number of beds). Average costs for each HBP will be calculated across the different facility types. Multiple scenarios will be used to suggest rates which could be negotiated with the providers. Overall, the study will provide economic cost data for price setting, strategic purchasing, health technology assessment and a national cost database of India.Ethics and disseminationThe approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee and Institutional Collaborative Committee of the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh, India. The results shall be disseminated in conferences and peer-reviewed articles.