bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multilocus sequence analysis for the taxonomic update and identification of the genus Proteus
Authors: Dai Hang , Lu Binghuai , Li Zhenpeng , Huang Zhenzhou , Cai Hongyan , Yu Keyi , Wang Duochun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The members of the genus Proteus are commonly opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in humans. The molecular evolutionary characteristics and genetic relationships among Proteus species are remain unelucidated. In this study, we developed a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) approach based on five housekeeping genes (HKGs) to delineate phylogenetic relationships of species within genus of Proteus. Results: Of all 223 Proteus strains collected in current study, phylogenetic tree of concatenated five HKGs (dnaJ, mdh, pyrC, recA and rpoD) divided into eleven clusters, which representative of their counterpart species. Meanwhile, phylogenetic trees of the five individual HKGs were also corresponded to that of the concatenated tree, except for recA, which clustered four strains at an independent cluster. The evaluation of inter- and intra-species distance of HKGs concatenation, all inter-species indicated more significant different distances than those of intra-species, which revealed these HKGs concatenation can be used as gene marker to distinguish different Proteus species. Further web-based DNA-DNA hybridization estimated by genome of type strains confirmed the validity of the MLSA and each of eleven clusters were congruent with eleven different Proteus species. In addition, we used the established MLSA method to identify the randomly collected Proteus, and found that P. mirabilis is the most species of Proteus. However, the top second is P. terrae, but not P. vulgaris. Combined with the genetic, genomic and phenotypic characteristics, three species, P. terrae, P. cibarius and Proteus genospecies 5 should be regarded as the heterotypic synonyms.Conclusions: Our data suggested the MLSA was a powerful method for the discrimination and classification of the Proteus at species level. The MLSA scheme provides a rapid, economical and precise identification of Proteus strains. The identification of Proteus species determined by the MLSA approach plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment of Proteus infection.
Comparative analysis of Clinial Carbapenem- Resistant (CR), Hypermucoviscous (HM) and CR-HM Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in China
Authors: Zhu Jun-Ying , Wang Guang-Yu , Wei Qing , Shen Zhen , Li Qiong , Zhao Rong-Ping , Li Min 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Although carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae (HMKP) were largely non-overlapping, the recent emergence of CR-HMKP has raised great alarm in the world. We compared the molecular characteristics of CRKP, HMKP and CR-HMKP isolates.Results: 220 cases of K. pneumoniae isolates was collected and identified between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016 from Renji Hospital. Carbapenem resistance test and string test were performed to screen CRKP, HMKP and CR-HMKP isolates. All the CRKP, HMKP and CR-HMKP isolates were investigated for capsular genotyping, virulence genes and resistance genes by PCR and DNA sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize isolates sequence types (STs). Serum killing assay and mouse lethality assay were respectively performed to confirm the virulence of the isolates in vitro and in vivo. Of 220 K. pneumoniae，71 HMKP, 84 CRKP and 8 CR-HMKP were identified. Resistance rate to carbapenems was significantly higher in CRKP than HMKP and CR-HMKP. For MLST and serotyping, ST23 (26.8%)，K1 (33.8%) and K2 (23.9%) serotypes were the most common in HMKP isolates while ST11 (84.5%, 100%) and K-nontypable (91.6%, 100%) were the predominant types in CRKP and CR-HMKP isolates. The existence of virulence genes rmpA, magA and iutA was significantly higher in HMKP while the prevalence of resistance gene blaKPC-2 was higher in CRKP and CR-HMKP. Virulence test in vivo and in vitro both showed the lower virulence of CRKP and CR-HMKP compared to HMKP.Conclusions: In spite of low virulence, the emergence of CR-HMKP indicates a confluence of hypermucoviscous phenotype and carbapenem resistance. Furthermore, the similar molecular characteristics between CRKP and CR-HMKP suggested that CR-HMKP might evolve from CRKP.
MiRNA-200b-3p represses LRH-1 expression and is associated with reduced serum bile acid in human obstructive cholestasis
Authors: Qiu Wen , Zhou Xueqian , Song Chunwei , Feng Xinchan , Wang Huaizhi , Cai Shi-Ying , Chen Wensheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are closely associated with liver diseases including cholestasis, but the roles of miR-200 family in cholestasis has not been determined. Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1/NR5A2) plays an important role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis by regulating some genes, including CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, but the mechanistic details remain to be elucidated in human cholestasis. Methods The mRNA and or protein expressions of miR-200b-3p, LRH-1, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 in human liver tissues (11 controls and 24 cholestasis) were analyzed using RT-PCR or Western blot. HepG2 cells was transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic to determine gene expressions. We used luciferase gene reporter assay to identify the potential response element of miR-200b-3p in LRH-1 gene. Results MiR-200b-3p was increased for about 2 folds in cholestatic liver tissues, which were divided into low and high expression group. Serum TBA was negatively correlated with miR-200b-3p in miR-200b-3p high expression group. Levels of LRH-1, CYP8B1 and CYP7A1 were decreased, LRH-1 and CYP8B1 were negatively correlated with miR-200b-3p in miR-200b-3p high expression group. MiR-200b-3p mimic was transfected into HepG2 cells, the levels of LRH-1, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 were significantly repressed by 45%-55%. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential binding site of LRH-1 and miR-200b-3p and luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-200b-3p might directly bind with LRH-1. Conclusions Our findings indicate that miR-200b-3p represses liver LRH-1, which in turn decreases bile acid synthesis, suggesting that miR-200b-3p may be a potential therapeutic target for cholestasis.
Immune Landscape in Burkitt Lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and Correlation between PD-L1 expression and Non-Canonical EBV latency program
Authors: Granai Massimo , Mundo Lucia , Akarca Ayse U , Siciliano Maria Chiara , Rizvi Hasan , Mancini Virginia , Onyango Noel , Othieno-Abinya Nicholas , Maha Ibrahim , Margielewska Sandra , Wi Wenbin , Bibas Michele , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Fend Falko , Lazzi Stefano , Leoncini Lorenzo , Marafioti Teresa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood.METHODS: In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME. Furthermore, by multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multispectral immunofluorescence (IF), we investigated the TME of additional series of 40 BL cases to evaluate the role of the Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint axis. RESULTS: Our results indicate that M2 polarized macrophages are the most prominent TME component in BL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A) expression on tumour cells, highlighting a subgroup of BL cases characterized by a non-canonical latency program of EBV with an activated PD-L1 pathway. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study analysed the TME in BL and identified a tolerogenic immune signature highlighting new potential therapeutic targets.
Dental Caries Status among the Elderly in the Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Shinan , Ding Hui , Shen Xun , Pu Lingli , Li Yingmei , Cai Le , Yao Lan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Elder population is considered as a vulnerable group with high risk of dental caries. The older adults living in rural areas of Yunnan province account for approximately half of the province’s total population. However, few studies have addressed their dental caries status. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the dental caries status and its associated factors among 65-74 years old people in the rural areas of Yunnan province, China. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited participants through a multistage and stratified strategy, and comprised a clinical oral examination and a questionnaire survey. Two trained and calibrated dentists, wearing LED headlights, conducted the clinical assessment with dental mirrors and CPI probes. Caries experience was measured using the DMFT and DF-root indices. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the participants’ socio-demographic information, oral health-related knowledge and practices. A multi-factor ANCOVA test was used to detect the factors influencing dental caries. Results 1175 elderly residents aged 65-74 were included. Of them, a majority of the surveyed elderly respondents (87%) experienced dental caries (DMFT>0), and 56% of the respondents had root caries. Their overall mean DMFT and DF-root scores were 10.4±10.9 and 2.4±3.8, respectively. In total, 12% of the participants were edentulous. In the final model, female, divorced or widowed elderly who living in Jianchuan district had higher mean DMFT scores. Conclusion The dental caries status among 65-to 74-year-old in the rural areas of Yunnan province, China, was poor. Their caries experience varied by gender, marital status and location. Cost-effective prevention and treatment programs should be implemented.
Alveolar bone modeling and bone modeling/ tooth movement ratio during mandibular incisor retraction: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Jingchen , Zhou Jialiang , Yin Yuanyuan , Chang Le , Chen Song 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to explore the limit of orthodontic tooth movement by evaluating changes of alveolar bone during mandibular incisor retraction and comparing the bone modeling/tooth movement (B/T) ratio among patients with different vertical facial types. Methods: There were 103 patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion evaluated with cephalograms in this study. The alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and cortical plate remodeling at cervical level (S1), middle level (S2) and apical level (S3) in Tip and Torque groups were measured, and B/T ratio in patients with different vertical facial types was calculated. Results: After excluding growth effect, buccolingual ABT at S1 and S2, as well as labial ABT at S1 in both Tip and Torque group decreased significantly. Cortical plate at three levels in Torque group remodeled to the lingual side. But in Tip group, cortical plate at S1 remodeled to the lingual side and cortical plate at S2 and S3 remodeled to the labial side. Regarding the B/T ratio, high-angle patients was smaller than average-angle and low-angle patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, resorption of alveolar bone was more than apposition during mandibular incisor retraction. The direction of alveolar cortical modeling was as same as tooth movement and the modeling amount was proportional to the distance of tooth movement. In addition, the B/T ratio was different among patients with different vertical craniofacial patterns. Close attention should be paid to high-angle patients with narrower ABT and smaller B/T ratio. Keywords: alveolar bone modeling, orthodontic tooth movement limit, incisor retraction, vertical facial patterns
How dentists diagnose and treat erosive tooth wear in Finland? – A questionnaire survey
Authors: Kangasmaa Hanna Kaisa , Tanner Tarja , Laitala Marja-Liisa , Mulic Aida , Vidnes-Kopperud Simen , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Anttonen Vuokko , Alaraudanjoki Viivi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives To investigate Finnish dentists’ knowledge on and means of recording and diagnosing erosive tooth wear (ETW). Treatment options and possible differences in treatment decisions between general and specialized dentists were also evaluated. Materials and Methods An electronic questionnaire was sent to 3,664 Finnish dentists by e-mail. Respondents’ gender, age, work experience, field of specialty, and practice location were requested. The questionnaire also included a patient case where the dentists were asked about their choice of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using means, proportions, and cross tabulations. Results Response rate was 24% (n=866). Almost all respondents (98.0%) recorded ETW in patient files, but only 4.1% used a detailed scoring system. Of the respondents, 64.4% usually found the cause for ETW. Probable causes were reported to be use of carbonated beverages (84.3%), energy drinks (57.0%), and reflux disease (53.1%). The majority of the respondents (80.9%) usually assessed patient’s dietary history while 1.9% evaluated saliva secretion rate. When asked about treatment decisions of ETW patients the differences between general dentists and specialized dentists were not as obvious as hypothesized. Conclusions This study suggests that the dentists in Finland are relatively up-to-date regarding clinical recording and diagnosis of ETW. However, they do not feel they have enough competence in detecting the cause of ETW. Differences in treatment decisions between general dentists and specialized dentists seem to be moderate. Clinical Relevance The treatment practices for ETW are not established and further research to create clinical guidelines seems to be needed. Key words Erosive tooth wear, Dental Erosion, Diagnosing, Dentists
Analysis of the difference in characteristics of patients and IVF cycles and the parameters of in vitro embryo culture between normal individuals with high and low blastocyst formation rate
Authors: Yu Chun-mei , Dai Xiu-liang , Wang yu-feng , Chen Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the possible factors that were related with high useful blastocyst formatio rate in normal patients.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study included 706 normal patients(excluding PCOS, DOR, endometriosis and other special diseases),according to the useful blastocyst in vitro formation rate(UBIVFR), the patients were divided into two groups respectively,group A（0-50%,including 50%）and group B（50%-100%). Results: There were no significant difference in patient ages between the two groups,compared with group A , the level of basic LH(bLH) was significantly increased. The clincal data showed that ,compared with group A ,the total Gn dose and the number of dominant follicles , oocytes retrieved，MII mature oocytes, normal fertilized oocytes rate,high-quality embryos rate and FET clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher than group B.Conclusion:Our study is to investigate the useful blastocyst formation rate in relation to bLH levels in IVF/ICSI cycles, showing that high bLH is associated with higher ovarian response and higher UBIVFR.AMH,bFSH and AFC which were defined as ovarian reserve and ovarian response are seem not associated with the useful blastocyst formation. Key words:Useful blastocyst formation; normal patients; individual characteristics; basic LH; ovarian response; in vitro embryo culture
Pathogen Infection Recovery Probability (PIRP) Versus Proinflammatory Anti-Pathogen Species (PIAPS) Levels: Modelling and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Sun Sam-Shajing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Current new COVID-19 viruses have already spread in multiple countries and have resulted in over one hundred thousand human infections and over three thousand human deaths worldwide. The possibility of a global pandemic is growing. It appears most of the infection resulted deaths are mainly due to dysfunctions or failures of the lung or multiple organs that could be attributed to host immune system’s hyperinflammatory disorders. In this work, a model is proposed to correlate the Pathogen Infection Recovery Probability (PIRP) versus Proinflammatory Anti-Pathogen Species (PIAPS) levels within a host unit, where a maximum PIRP is exhibited when the PIAPS levels are equal to or around PIAPS equilibrium levels at the pathogen elimination or clearance onset. Based on this model, rational or effective therapeutic strategies at right stages or timing, with right type of agents and right dosages, can be designed and implemented that are expected to effectively achieve maximum PIRP or reduce the mortality.
The restoration of the Roman water supply system in 1880 for the water supply to Split
Authors: Margeta Jure , Marasović Katja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the development of the Urban Water Supply System (UWSS) for Split (Croatia) in the second half of the 19th century. The selected concept of the water supply system was entirely based on the system of Emperor Diocletian's Palace from 305 AD, which has not been in operation since the 7th century. The research is based on the analysis of historical data and the actual state of the water supply system of Split. The study provides a clearer insight into the process of choosing the optimum concept of water supply system, the operational characteristics of Diocletian's system and the restored UWSS. The sustainability of both the Roman UWSS and the 1880 system, which has a significant part of the aqueduct still in use today, have been confirmed. It is an example of a zero-carbon water supply system running entirely on renewable energy: gravity.
The Use of Natural Materials in Film Coating for Controlled Oral Drug Release
Authors: Tran Phuong Ha-Lien , Tran Thao Truong-Dinh 
Published: March 2020

:
Although synthetic materials have been used in film coating processes for drug
delivery for many years, substantial studies on natural materials have also been conducted because of
their biodegradable and unique properties.

Methods:
Because of the ability to form and modify films for controlled oral drug delivery, increasing
attention has been shown to these materials in the design of film coating systems in recent research.

Results:
This review aims to provide an overview of natural materials focusing on film coating for oral
delivery, specifically in terms of their classification and their combinations in film coating formulations
for adjusting the desired properties for controlled drug delivery.

Conclusion:
Discussing natural materials and their potential applications in film coating would benefit
the optimization of processes and strategies for future utilization.
Radiolabeled GRPR Antagonists for Imaging of Disseminated Prostate Cancer - Influence of Labeling Chemistry on Targeting Properties
Authors: Mitran Bogdan , Tolmachev Vladimir , Orlova Anna 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Radionuclide molecular imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor
(GRPR) expression promises unparalleled opportunities for visualizing subtle prostate tumors, which
due to small size, adjacent benign tissue, or a challenging location would otherwise remain undetected
by conventional imaging. Achieving high imaging contrast is essential for this purpose and the molecular
design of any probe for molecular imaging of prostate cancer should be aimed at obtaining as high
tumor-to-organ ratios as possible.

Objective:
This short review summarizes the key imaging modalities currently used in prostate cancer,
with a special focus on radionuclide molecular imaging. Emphasis is laid mainly on the issue of radiometals
labeling chemistry and its influence on the targeting properties and biodistribution of radiolabeled
GRPR antagonists for imaging of disseminated prostate cancer.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus library databases
was conducted to find relevant articles.

Results:
The combination of radionuclide, chelator and required labeling chemistry was shown to have
a significant influence on the stability, binding affinity and internalization rate, off-target interaction
with normal tissues and blood proteins, interaction with enzymes, activity uptake and retention in excretory
organs and activity uptake in tumors of radiolabeled bombesin antagonistic analogues.

Conclusion:
Labeling chemistry has a very strong impact on the biodistribution profile of GRPRtargeting
peptide based imaging probes and needs to be considered when designing a targeting probe
for high contrast molecular imaging. Taking into account the complexity of in vivo interactions, it is not
currently possible to accurately predict the optimal labeling approach. Therefore, a detailed in vivo
characterization and optimization is essential for the rational design of imaging agents.
Controlling Wetting Properties on Nanostructure Surfaces by the Coupled Effect of the Structural Parameter and Roughness Factor
Authors: Shi Pengcheng , Lu Yan , Liu Peng 
Published: March 2020

Background:
This study used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the wetting
properties of a droplet on copper surfaces with different nanostructures to determine the influence of
the structural parameter and roughness factor on the wetting properties.

Methods:
The simulation results show that the structural parameter h/b can determine the wetting
transition of droplets on surfaces. In addition, the critical structural parameter values are 1.5, 1.5,
2.08 and 2.24 for the square pillar, cylinder, frustum and cone nanostructures, respectively. Due to
the restriction of the wedge surface on water molecules, the effect of the wedge surface is not the
same when the theoretical gap and height of the nanostructures are changed on different surfaces.

Results and Discussion:
For the square pillar and the cylinder surfaces, when changing the height or
the theoretical gap of the nanostructure, the wedge angle is always the same and is 90°, so the effect
of the wedge surface is unchanged for water molecules. For the frustum and the cone surfaces, the
wedge angle does not change when the theoretical gap of the nanostructure is changed but when the
height of the nanostructure is changed, the wedge angle gradually increases but does not exceed 90°
resulting in the restriction of the wedge surface on water molecules gradually increasing. Therefore,
for the same height and theoretical gap, the contact angle of the frustum and the cone surfaces is
larger than that of the square pillar surfaces and cylinder surfaces due to the effect of the wedge surface.
It is also observed that the increased roughness factor helps increase the contact angle of the
droplet.

Conclusion:
We propose that the wetting properties of the nanostructure surface can be controlled by
the structural parameter associated with the surface roughness.