bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapped in a service encounter
Authors: Fliess Sabine , Volkers Maarten 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons why customers often cannot or do not exit a negative service encounter (lock-in) and to discuss how this affects their well-being and coping responses. This contributes to the research on how negative service encounters emerge and evolve and how such encounters impact customer well-being and subsequent responses.Design/methodology/approachAn inductive, exploratory approach was used. Interviews with 20 service customers yielded over 90 detailed lock-in experiences across 25 different services. A multi-step, iterative coding process was used with a mixture of coding techniques that stem from a grounded theory approach.FindingsFour categories of factors that caused customers to endure a negative event were identified (physical lock-in, dependency on the service, social lock-in and psychological lock-in). Customers either experienced inner turmoil (if they perceived having the option to stay or leave) or felt captive; both impacted their well-being and coping strategies in different ways. Three characteristics of negative events that caused lock-in to persist over time were identified.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a qualitative study that aims to identify factors behind customer lock-in, reduced well-being and coping strategies across different types of service encounters. Future research may build on these themes to investigate lock-in during specific service encounters in greater depth.Practical implicationsThis research provides insights regarding how service providers can anticipate lock-in situations. In addition, the findings point to several ways in which frontline employees can assist customers with the coping process, during lock-in.Originality/valueCustomer lock-in during a service encounter is a common, yet unexplored phenomenon. This research contributes to a better understanding of why customers endure negative events and how such perceptions are reflected in their experiences and behaviors.
External behavior of small states in light of theories of international relations
Authors: Galal Abdelraouf Mostafa 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the hypotheses of main international theories (realism, liberalism and constructivism) and the development of these theories toward the behavior of foreign policy of small states in the developing world. The theories of international relations, especially the realistic theory, face a theoretical debate and a fundamental criticism. The hypotheses of these theories are not able to explain the external behavior of some small states, especially those in the developing world such as Qatar. In particular, these small states do not have the elements of physical power through which they can play this role. However, they are based on the internal determinants (such as political leadership and the variable of perception) and non-physical dimensions of power to play an effective and influential external role.

Design/methodology/approach
This topic sheds light on the hypotheses of theories of main international relations, which explain the behavior of foreign policy of small states. This is due to the increased number of such states after the disintegration of Soviet Union, the practice of some countries an effective foreign role and the transformation of the concept of power from the hard power to soft power, and then to smart power

Findings
The theories of international relations, especially the realistic theory, face a theoretical debate and a fundamental criticism. The hypotheses of these theories are not able to explain the external behavior of some small states, especially those in the developing world such as Qatar. In particular, these small states do not have the elements of physical power through which they can play this role. However, they are based on the internal determinants (such as political leadership and the variable of perception) and non-physical dimensions of power to play an effective and influential external role.

Originality/value
The importance of the study comes from its interest in small countries in general and the Qatar situation in particular. The small country emerged as a player independent of the Gulf Cooperation Council, unlike what prevailed before, which led to the discussion of a regional role for Qatar despite its small power compared to the strength and size of other factions in the region such as Turkey, Israel and Iran.
3D bioprinting of tissue engineering scaffold for cell culture
Authors: Wu Li , Li Xinxin , Guan Tianmin , Chen Yong , Qi Chunwei 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The 3 D bioprinting technology is used to prepare the tissue engineering scaffold with precise structures for the cell proliferation and differentiation.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the characteristics of the ideal tissue engineering scaffold, the microstructural design of the tissue engineering scaffold is carried out. The bioprinter is used to fabricate the tissue engineering scaffold with different structures and spacing sizes. Finally, the scaffold with good connectivity is achieved and used to cell PC12 culture.

Findings
The results show that the pore structure with the line spacing of 1 mm was the best for cell culture, and the survival rate of the inoculated cells PC12 is as high as 90%. The influence of the pore shape on the cell survival is not evidence.

Originality/value
This study shows that tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by 3 D bioprinting have graded structure for three-dimensional cell culture, which lays the foundation for the later detection of drug resistance.
Capabilities, Opportunities, Resources and Environments (CORE): Using the CORE approach for inclusive, occupation‐centred practice
Authors: Pereira Robert B. , Whiteford Gail , Hyett Nerida , Weekes Gemma , Di Tommaso Amelia , Naismith James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/AimOccupational participation is often claimed as a human right and determinant of health by occupational science and therapy scholars. Yet, maintaining occupation at the centre of practice is a challenge. The Capabilities, Opportunities, Resources and Environments (CORE) approach provides a mechanism for occupational therapists to address this challenge by viewing their practice through an inclusive lens, and enacting inclusive, occupation‐centred occupational therapy. This paper presents applications of the CORE approach via three case narratives. The aim is to increase occupational therapists’ understanding of how to apply the CORE approach and to facilitate research‐to‐practice knowledge translation.MethodsThe CORE approach is introduced and applied through three case narratives, each highlighting one of the CORE elements within the context of the broader approach.FindingsThe narratives contain critical reflective case narratives on the application of the CORE approach in the context of three different practice settings in Australia based on the authors’ experiences. Practice settings include working within the National Disability Insurance Scheme, in a secure forensic mental health facility, and in rural community health. The forensic health case narrative documents findings from the authors’ research which applied the CORE approach as an analytical tool, providing an additional layer of analysis of the identified themes from the original study.ConclusionThis paper provides occupational therapists with a practical understanding of how to apply the CORE approach through diverse case narrative examples. The practical “how to” questions that guided the development of the case narratives can be used by occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in individual or group critical reflection to support development and application of socially inclusive and occupation‐centred praxis. If occupational therapists are to claim expertise in enabling occupation and social inclusion, then using the CORE approach is vital to designing and implementing inclusive, occupation‐centred interventions.
Nitrate reductase activities in plants from different ecological and taxonomic groups grown in Japan
Authors: Koyama Lina A. , Terai Masakazu , Tokuchi Naoko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlants generally use soil inorganic nitrogen, ammonium (NH4+–N), and nitrate (NO3−–N) as sources of nitrogen, an essential nutrient. The assimilation processes after uptake differ considerably from ammonium to nitrate. Nitrate must be reduced to ammonium in plant tissue before it is synthesized to amino acids, while ammonium is directly and immediately synthesized to amino acids after its uptake. Nitrate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate‐limiting step of nitrate assimilation, reducing nitrate to nitrite. It is a substrate‐inducible enzyme, and the capacity to induce nitrate reductase varies greatly among plant species. In vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) is generally measured as a nitrite production rate during incubation using fine cut pieces of plant tissue, and it is applicable as an indicator on plant nitrate use. Here we present in vivo NRA of leaves from a total of 108 species including arboreal trees, small trees, shrubs, herbs, a vine and a moss. For 75 of the species, NRA in fine roots was also determined. At least 20 species in sampled plants were imported and planted for scientific or industrial purposes, but most sampled species were native to Japan. Several inventory studies of plant NRA have been conducted, mainly in Europe, and they provided information on the species‐specific capacity of nitrate use by plants in Europe. However, to our best knowledge, there has been hitherto no published inventory of the NRA of plants in Japan where many endemic species are distributed. Our dataset contains plant NRA with species, family name, life form, leaf lifespan (evergreen or deciduous), growth stage, the season of sample collection, growth conditions (natural or cultivated) and other treatments/conditions when applicable. The data provided by this study may contribute to future works that require information regarding the plant species characteristics for nitrate use capacity or nitrate preference.The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER athttp://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2019-06.1/jalter-en. [Correction added on 7 September 2020, after first online publication: JaLTER URL has been updated.]
Comparative Capitalisms and Energy Transitions: Renewable Energy in the European Union
Authors: Allen Maria L. , Allen Matthew M. C. , Cumming Douglas , Johan Sofia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe develop new theory pertaining to the institutional determinants of renewable energy usage across countries and over time. Building on key strands of the comparative capitalisms literature, we introduce new hypotheses relating to the 2009 Directive from the European Union (EU) on energy generation, as well as the impact of labour market regimes, national stock markets and merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, as well as ‘doing business’ conditions across countries. Based on renewable energy data from 27 EU countries over a period of 11 years, we provide new tests of the determinants of renewable energy usage. The data show strong and robust evidence of a causal impact of institutional determinants on renewable energy usage, consistent with a positive impact of the EU's 2009 Directive and other specific institutional factors. We discuss the implications for policy and practice.
Understanding the mobility chances of children from working‐class backgrounds in Britain: How important are cognitive ability and locus of control?
Authors: Betthäuser Bastian A. , Bourne Mollie , Bukodi Erzsébet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch in social stratification has shown that children from working‐class backgrounds tend to obtain substantially lower levels of educational attainment and lower labor market positions than children from higher social class backgrounds. However, we still know relatively little about the micro‐level processes that account for this empirical regularity. Our study examines the roles of two individual‐level characteristics—cognitive ability and locus of control—in mediating the effect of individuals’ parental class background on their educational attainment and social class position in Britain. We find that cognitive ability mediates only about 35% of the total parental class effect on educational attainment and only about 20% of the total parental class effect on respondents’ social class position, net of their educational attainment. These findings contradict existing claims that differences in the life chances of children from different social class backgrounds are largely due to differences in cognitive ability. Moreover, we find that although individuals’ locus of control plays some role in mediating the parental class effect, its role is substantially smaller than the mediating role of cognitive ability. We measure individuals’ social class positions at different points in their careers—at labor market entry and at occupational maturity—and find that the mediating roles of cognitive ability and locus of control are remarkably stable across individuals’ working lives.
Impact of music therapy before first‐trimester instrumental termination of pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Belloeil V , Tessier Cazeneuve C , Leclercq A , Mercier MB , Legendre G , Corroenne R 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of preoperative Music Therapy (MT) on pain in first‐trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) under local anaesthesia.DesignRandomised controlled trial comparing women undergoing a first‐trimester TOP under local anaesthesia with or without a preoperative MT session.SettingUniversity Hospital of Angers from November 2016 to August 2017.PopulationWomen who underwent first‐trimester TOP under local anaesthesia.MethodsWomen allocated to the MT group underwent a preoperative 20‐minute session of MT.Main outcome measuresPain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) just before the procedure, during the procedure, at the end of the procedure and upon returning to the ward.ResultsA total of 159 women were randomised (80 in the MT group, and 79 in the control group). Two women were excluded from the control group and six from the MT group. Therefore, 77 women were analysed in the control group and 74 in the MT group. The intensity of pain was similar in the two groups just before the procedure (VAS 4.0 ± 2.9 versus 3.6 ± 2.5; P = 0.78), during the procedure (VAS 5.3 ± 2.5 versus 4.9 ± 2.9; P = 0.78), at the end of the procedure (VAS 2.7 ± 2.4 versus 2.6 ± 2.4; P = 0.43) and upon returning to the ward (VAS 1.8 ± 2.0 versus 1.5 ± 2.0; P = 0.84). The difference in pain between entering the department and returning to the room after the procedure was similar between the MT and control groups (difference in VAS 0.3 ± 2.5 versus 0.3 ± 2.4; P = 0.92).ConclusionAn MT session before a TOP under local anaesthesia procedure resulted in no improvement in patient perception of pain during a first‐trimester TOP.Tweetable abstractMusic therapy before first‐trimester termination of pregnancy under local anaesthesia did not improve the perception of pain.
Reduced‐sodium cheeses: Implications of reducing sodium chloride on cheese quality and safety
Authors: Bansal Venus , Mishra Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSodium chloride (NaCl) universally well‐known as table salt is an ancient food additive, which is broadly used to increase the storage stability and the palatability of foods. Though, in recent decades, use of table salt in foods is a major concern among the health agencies of the world owing to ill effects of sodium (Na) that are mostly linked to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. As a result, food scientists are working to decrease the sodium content in food either by decreasing the rate of NaCl addition or by partial or full replacement of NaCl with other suitable salts like potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), or magnesium chloride (MgCl2). However, in cheese, salt reduction is difficult to accomplish owing to its multifaceted role in cheese making. Considering the significant contribution in dietary salt intake (DSI) from cheese, researchers across the globe are exploring various technical interventions to develop reduced‐sodium cheeses (RSCs) without jeopardizing the quality and safety of cheeses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide an insight of NaCl reduction on sensory, physicochemical, and technofunctional attributes of RSCs with an aim to explore various strategies for salt reduction without affecting the cheese quality and safety. The relationship between salt reduction and survival of pathogenic and spoilage‐causing microorganisms and growth of RSCs microflora is also discussed. Based on the understanding of conceptual and applied information on the complex changes that occur in the development of RSCs, the quality and safety of RSCs can be accomplished effectively in order to reduce the DSI from cheese.
Does facility type and location impact upon patient experiences in emergency departments? Secondary analysis of a state‐wide, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Bull Claudia , Crilly Julia , Chaboyer Wendy , Spain David , Mulhern Brendan , Fitzgerald Gerard , Scuffham Paul , Byrnes Joshua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the extent to which patient experiences in the ED differ depending on facility type (based on bed numbers, services available and annual separations), and location (level of remoteness).MethodsData from a 2015 state‐wide (Queensland, Australia) public ED patient experience survey were linked to sociodemographic and presentation‐related characteristics data. Survey items were individually scored (from 0 to 100), and averaged across 13 pre‐determined patient experience topic areas. Descriptive statistics were used to report on patient sociodemographic and presentation‐related characteristics. One‐way analysis of variance tests were used to identify associations between patient‐reported experience scores, facility types and location.ResultsA total of 10 553 patients over the age of 16 years completed the survey. All patients reported scores above 75 for 7 of the 13 patient experience topic areas (0 = lowest score, 100 = highest score). Patients from very remote and outer regional EDs reported the highest scores for the topic Environment and facilities, and remote facility patients reported the highest scores for the topic Leaving the ED – Delays. The same two topic areas were scored most highly by patients from smaller facilities in comparison to principal referral hospital EDs.ConclusionsPatients attending smaller and more rurally located EDs reported more positive experiences than those attending larger, metropolitan EDs on two of the 13 topic areas. However, these differences were marginal. Future research should aim to determine what constitutes clinically meaningful differences between groups when comparing patient‐reported experience scores, and understand the characteristics of small and rural EDs that may be associated with better patient experiences.
Surgical management of ground glass opacities of the lung
Authors: Sihoe Alan D.L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence for the efficacy of low‐dose CT thorax screening for lung cancer is undoubtedly good news for patients. However, the by‐product is increasing incidental detection of lung lesions know as ground‐glass opacities (GGOs). Because these may or may not develop into lung cancer, a number of guidelines currently exist to help clinicians decide how to manage them. These guidelines are characterized by a reliance on CT imaging alone, an inherent aversion to surgery, and a failure to recognize the possibility of variance in GGO pathology between populations in different parts of the world. As a result, surgeons in particular are inadequately served by these guidelines. This article explores how recent advanced in thoracic surgery may play important roles in shaping GGO management, and how surgery may need to feature more prominently in future guidelines.
Structure of ant assemblages on street trees in urban Busan, Korea
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyun , Moon Tae‐Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStreet trees planted in urban areas are one of the smallest urban green habitats; however, their role as a valuable refuge for local biota is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate urban street trees as habitat for ants. We found ants on 195 (92%) of 211 street trees studied. Seventeen ant species were collected from five tree species. The two most common ant species were Tetramorium tsushimae (on 112 trees) and Lasius japonicus (on 93 trees). The number of ant species found per tree ranged from 0 to 5, with a mean of 1.55 ± 0.92. The species composition differed significantly among tree species. Nine ant species (Camponotus vitiosus, Lasius alienus, L. japonicus, Nylanderia flavipes, Crematogaster matsumurai, Crematogaster vagula, Monomorium intrudens, T. tsushimae, and Brachyponera chinensis) nested on the trees, mostly in the root zone. Nests were found on 150 trees but were relatively rare on trees with diameter at breast height of less than 40 cm.
Dual sgRNA‐directed gene deletion in basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum using the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Liu Ke , Sun Bin , You Hao , Tu Jun‐Liang , Yu Xuya , Zhao Peng , Xu Jun‐Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGanoderma lucidum is an important medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the lack of adequate genetic tools has hindered molecular genetic research in and the genetic modification of this species. Here, we report that the presence of an intron is necessary for the efficient expression of the heterologous phosphinothricin‐resistance and green fluorescent protein genes in G. lucidum. Moreover, we improved the CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene disruption frequency in G. lucidum by adding an intron upstream of the Cas9 gene. Our results showed that the disruption frequency of the orotidine 5’‐monophosphate decarboxylase gene (ura3) in transformants containing the glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase gene intron in the Cas9 plasmid is 14–18 in 107 protoplasts, which is 10.6 times higher than that in transformants without any intron sequence. Furthermore, genomic fragment deletions in the ura3 and GL17624 genes were achieved via a dual sgRNA‐directed CRISPR/Cas9 system in G. lucidum. We achieved a ura3 deletion frequency of 36.7% in G. lucidum. The developed method provides a powerful platform to generate gene deletion mutants and will facilitate functional genomic studies in G. lucidum.