bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tadalafil versus silodosin on voiding function in male patients with non‐neurogenic detrusor underactivity: A comparative study using propensity score matching
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Majima Tsuyoshi , Funahashi Yasuhito , Fujita Takashi , Ishida Shohei , Kato Masashi , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the effects of tadalafil and silodosin on lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding functions in men with non‐neurogenic detrusor underactivity.MethodsA total of 126 treatment‐naive men with lower urinary tract symptoms diagnosed as non‐neurogenic detrusor underactivity received tadalafil (5 mg/day) or silodosin (8 mg/day) for 12 months. After propensity score matching, parameter changes from before administration to 12 months since treatment initiation were assessed based on subjective symptoms and urodynamic findings, including bladder contractility index and maximum urinary flow rate, and were compared between the tadalafil treatment group and the silodosin group. Detrusor underactivity was defined as bladder contractility index <100 and bladder outlet obstruction index <40.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, the final analysis included 48 patients each in the tadalafil and silodosin groups. No significant differences in prostate volume, subjective symptoms or urodynamic parameters were detected between the groups at baseline. Compared with baseline, significant improvements in subjective symptoms and storage and voiding functions were observed at month 12 in both groups. Maximum urinary flow rate significantly improved by 1.7 mL/s in the silodosin group and by 3.0 mL/s in the tadalafil group. In addition, the mean bladder contractility index increased from 80.0 to 86.1 in the silodosin group and from 77.9 to 97.6 in the tadalafil group. Improvements in maximum urinary flow rate and bladder contractility index were significantly superior in the tadalafil group.ConclusionsBoth tadalafil and silodosin significantly improve lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding function in patients with non‐neurogenic detrusor underactivity. Furthermore, tadalafil is more effective than silodosin in improving bladder contractility index and maximum urinary flow rate.
M2 macrophage‐derived G‐CSF promotes trophoblasts EMT, invasion and migration via activating PI3K/Akt/Erk1/2 pathway to mediate normal pregnancy
Authors: Ding Jinli , Yang Chaogang , Zhang Yi , Wang Jiayu , Zhang Sainan , Guo Duanying , Yin Tailang , Yang Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrophoblasts are important parts of the placenta and exert vital roles in the maternal‐foetal crosstalk, and sufficient trophoblasts migration and invasion is critical for embryo implantation and normal pregnancy. Macrophages, as the major components of decidual microenvironment at maternal‐foetal interface, can interact with trophoblasts to participate in the regulation of normal pregnancy. Previously, our group have demonstrated that trophoblasts could induce macrophages polarization to M2 subtype by secreting interleukin‐6 (IL‐6); however, the understanding of macrophages regulating the migration and invasion of trophoblasts is limited. In the present study, we used the co‐cultured model to further investigate the effects of macrophages on trophoblasts migration and invasion. Our results showed that co‐culture with macrophages promoted epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of trophoblasts, thereby enhancing their migrative and invasive abilities. Further experiments revealed that M2 macrophage‐derived G‐CSF was a key factor, which promoted the EMT, migration and invasion of trophoblasts via activating PI3K/Akt/Erk1/2 signalling pathway. Clinically, G‐CSF was highly expressed in placental villous tissues of normal pregnancy patients compared to patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion, and its expression level was significantly correlation with EMT markers. Taken together, these findings indicate the important role of M2 macrophages in regulating trophoblasts EMT, migration and invasion, contributing to a new insight in concerning the crosstalk between macrophages and trophoblasts in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy.
Case of highly prevalent papilloma‐like skin lesions in whitespotted char (Salvelinusleucomaenis) in Kamchatka (Russia)
Authors: Sergeenko Natalia V. , Gavruseva Tatyana V. , Ustimenko Elena A. , Bochkova Elena V. , Ryazanova Tatyana V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn October 2014, a case of mass skin lesions was reported in whitespotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) caught in the Nalycheva River on the Kamchatka peninsula (Russia). The proportion of affected fish was approximately 50% of the catch. Lesions of varying severity were noted from small tubercles to large single and confluent formations and ulcers. Papilloma‐like growths were found in the epidermal layer of the skin of the affected fish. Histopathological alterations included the following: submerged growth of epithelial cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, oedema of scale pockets, resorption of scales, haemorrhages, local necrosis and an increased number of mucous cells. In the dermal layer of the skin, haemorrhages and extensive necrosis were recorded. Inflammation, necrosis and destruction of myocytes were found in the underlying musculature. This is the first documented case of papilloma‐like skin lesions found in salmonids in Kamchatka. The affected whitespotted char were deemed unsuitable as a food product due to their unsatisfactory appearance and impermissible levels of bacterial contamination of the muscles.
Stringency of balanced budget laws and transparency of budgeting process
Authors: Mou Haizhen , Lozano Man Hing Maritza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a framework to define and measure transparency in the budgeting process. We survey the main fiscal rules in the Canadian provinces from 1980 to 2018 and quantify them into a stringency index and a transparency index. Our findings show that more stringent balanced budget laws (BBLs) do not necessarily imply less transparency, while higher transparency requirements appear to reduce the effect of stringent BBLs on budget balance, possibly because transparency rules deter creative accounting. This study provides insights into the role of various fiscal rules in fiscal governance.
COVID‐19, the Great Recession and social policy: Is this time different?
Authors: Moreira Amílcar , Hick Rod 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the initial crisis responses to the coronavirus pandemic and asks whether and how both the nature of the COVID‐19 crisis and the national responses to this differ from those witnessed during the Great Recession. We argue that the speed and scale of the crisis are indeed distinctive, but that claims of symmetry—a crisis affecting all equally—are misplaced. We suggest that stimulus packages have, in broad terms, reflected the scale of the threat and that the wage subsidies and employment supports that were introduced or adjusted are novel in scope and scale, with innovative developments. There has been a greater emphasis on housing than was apparent in responses to the Great Recession and, while a focus on taxation in response packages has been a focus in both crises, its form differs, with a greater reliance on deferrals rather than tax reductions in the stimulus plans announced to date. Our account stresses the agility of crisis responses and this agility must be regarded as welcome, mitigating a great deal of social harm during the initial phase of the pandemic. Whether these short‐run responses create pressures for wider‐ranging change is much debated, but highly uncertain.
Approach to analysing correlated contextual factors: an application for studies on violence
Authors: Ramirez Marizen R , Flores Javier E , Cheng Gang , Peek-Asa Corinne , Cavanaugh Joseph E 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundNumerous public health studies, especially in the area of violence, examine the effects of contextual or group-level factors on health outcomes. Often, these contextual factors exhibit strong pairwise correlations, which pose a challenge when these factors are included as covariates in a statistical model. Such models may be characterised by inflated standard errors and unstable parameter estimates that may fluctuate drastically from sample to sample, where the excessive estimation variability is reflected by inflated standard errors.MethodsWe propose a three-stage approach for analysing correlated contextual factors that proceeds as follows: (1) a principal components analysis (PCA) is performed on the original set of correlated variables, (2) the primary generated principal components are included in a multilevel multivariable model and (3) the estimated parameters for these components are transformed into estimates for each of the original contextual factors. Using school violence data, we examined the associations between school crime and correlated contextual school factors (ie, English proficiency, academic performance, pupil to teacher ratio, average class size and children on free and reduced meals).ResultsFrom models ignoring correlations, school crime was not reliably associated with any of the contextual school factors. When models were fit with principal components, school crime was found to be positively associated with a school’s student to teacher ratio, average classroom size and academic performance but negatively associated with the proportion of children who were on free and reduced meals.ConclusionOur multistep approach is one way to address multicollinearity encountered in social epidemiological studies of violence.
The Bose-Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory
Authors: Frye Kai , Abend Sven , Bartosch Wolfgang , Bawamia Ahmad , Becker Dennis , Blume Holger , Braxmaier Claus , Chiow Sheng-Wey , Efremov Maxim A. , Ertmer Wolfgang , Fierlinger Peter , Franz Tobias , Gaaloul Naceur , Grosse Jens , Grzeschik Christoph , Hellmig Ortwin , Henderson Victoria A. , Herr Waldemar , Israelsson Ulf , Kohel James , Krutzik Markus , Kürbis Christian , Lämmerzahl Claus , List Meike , Lüdtke Daniel , Lundblad Nathan , Marburger J. Pierre , Meister Matthias , Mihm Moritz , Müller Holger , Müntinga Hauke , Nepal Ayush M. , Oberschulte Tim , Papakonstantinou Alexandros , Perovs̆ek Jaka , Peters Achim , Prat Arnau , Rasel Ernst M. , Roura Albert , Sbroscia Matteo , Schleich Wolfgang P. , Schubert Christian , Seidel Stephan T. , Sommer Jan , Spindeldreier Christian , Stamper-Kurn Dan , Stuhl Benjamin K. , Warner Marvin , Wendrich Thijs , Wenzlawski André , Wicht Andreas , Windpassinger Patrick , Yu Nan , Wörner Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrogravity eases several constraints limiting experiments with ultracold and condensed atoms on ground. It enables extended times of flight without suspension and eliminates the gravitational sag for trapped atoms. These advantages motivated numerous initiatives to adapt and operate experimental setups on microgravity platforms. We describe the design of the payload, motivations for design choices, and capabilities of the Bose-Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory (BECCAL), a NASA-DLR collaboration. BECCAL builds on the heritage of previous devices operated in microgravity, features rubidium and potassium, multiple options for magnetic and optical trapping, different methods for coherent manipulation, and will offer new perspectives for experiments on quantum optics, atom optics, and atom interferometry in the unique microgravity environment on board the International Space Station.
Semantic Correctness of Dependence-based Slicing for Interprocedural, Possibly Nonterminating Programs
Authors: Masud Abu Naser , Lisper Björn 
Published: January 2021

Existing proofs of correctness for dependence-based slicing methods are limited either to the slicing of intraprocedural programs [2, 39], or the proof is only applicable to a specific slicing method [4, 41]. We contribute a general proof of correctness for dependence-based slicing methods such as Weiser [50, 51], or Binkley et al. [7, 8], for interprocedural, possibly nonterminating programs. The proof uses well-formed weak and strong control closure relations, which are the interprocedural extensions of the generalised weak/strong control closure provided by Danicic et al. [13], capturing various nonterminating-insensitive and nontermination-sensitive control-dependence relations that have been proposed in the literature. Thus, our proof framework is valid for a whole range of existing control-dependence relations.
We have provided a definition of semantically correct (SC) slice. We prove that SC slices agree with Weiser slicing, that deterministic SC slices preserve termination, and that nondeterministic SC slices preserve the nondeterministic behavior of the original programs.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals insights into the adaptation of French Charolais cattle to Cuban tropical conditions
Authors: Ramírez-Ayala Lino C. , Rocha Dominique , Ramos-Onsins Sebas E. , Leno-Colorado Jordi , Charles Mathieu , Bouchez Olivier , Rodríguez-Valera Yoel , Pérez-Enciso Miguel , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the early 20th century, Cuban farmers imported Charolais cattle (CHFR) directly from France. These animals are now known as Chacuba (CHCU) and have become adapted to the rough environmental tropical conditions in Cuba. These conditions include long periods of drought and food shortage with extreme temperatures that European taurine cattle have difficulty coping with.ResultsIn this study, we used whole-genome sequence data from 12 CHCU individuals together with 60 whole-genome sequences from six additional taurine, indicus and crossed breeds to estimate the genetic diversity, structure and accurate ancestral origin of the CHCU animals. Although CHCU animals are assumed to form a closed population, the results of our admixture analysis indicate a limited introgression ofBos indicus. We used the extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH) approach to identify regions in the genome that may have had an important role in the adaptation of CHCU to tropical conditions. Putative selection events occurred in genomic regions with a high proportion ofBos indicus, but they were not sufficient to explain adaptation of CHCU to tropical conditions byBos indicusintrogression only. EHH suggested signals of potential adaptation in genomic windows that include genes of taurine origin involved in thermogenesis (ATP9A,GABBR1,PGR,PTPN1andUCP1) and hair development (CCHCR1andCDSN). Within these genes, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may have a functional impact and contribute to some of the observed phenotypic differences between CHCU and CHFR animals.ConclusionsWhole-genome data confirm that CHCU cattle are closely related to Charolais from France (CHFR) and Canada, but also reveal a limited introgression ofBos indicusgenes in CHCU. We observed possible signals of recent adaptation to tropical conditions between CHCU and CHFR founder populations, which were largely independent of theBos indicusintrogression. Finally, we report candidate genes and variants that may have a functional impact and explain some of the phenotypic differences observed between CHCU and CHFR cattle.
Statistical model and testing designs to increase response to selection with constrained inbreeding in genomic breeding programs for pigs affected by social genetic effects
Authors: Chu Thinh Tuan , Henryon Mark , Jensen Just , Ask Birgitte , Christensen Ole Fredslund 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Social genetic effects (SGE) are the effects of the genotype of one animal on the phenotypes of other animals within a social group. Because SGE contribute to variation in economically important traits for pigs, the inclusion of SGE in statistical models could increase responses to selection (RS) in breeding programs. In such models, increasing the relatedness of members within groups further increases RS when using pedigree-based relationships; however, this has not been demonstrated with genomic-based relationships or with a constraint on inbreeding. In this study, we compared the use of statistical models with and without SGE and compared groups composed at random versus groups composed of families in genomic selection breeding programs with a constraint on the rate of inbreeding.

Results
When SGE were of a moderate magnitude, inclusion of SGE in the statistical model substantially increased RS when SGE were considered for selection. However, when SGE were included in the model but not considered for selection, the increase in RS and in accuracy of predicted direct genetic effects (DGE) depended on the correlation between SGE and DGE. When SGE were of a low magnitude, inclusion of SGE in the model did not increase RS, probably because of the poor separation of effects and convergence issues of the algorithms. Compared to a random group composition design, groups composed of families led to higher RS. The difference in RS between the two group compositions was slightly reduced when using genomic-based compared to pedigree-based relationships.

Conclusions
The use of a statistical model that includes SGE can substantially improve response to selection at a fixed rate of inbreeding, because it allows the heritable variation from SGE to be accounted for and capitalized on. Compared to having random groups, family groups result in greater response to selection in the presence of SGE but the advantage of using family groups decreases when genomic-based relationships are used.
Home blood-pressure measurement for the diagnosis and monitoring of arterial hypertension by French general practitioners: a cross-sectional survey in the Auvergne region
Authors: Xavier Mangiavillano , Jéromine Tréfond , Guillaume Plaquevent-Hostache , Gilles Tanguy , Sylvaine Bœuf-Gibot , Aurélien Mulliez , Philippe Vorilhon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Home blood-pressure measurement (HBPM) is recommended for the diagnosis of hypertension and monitoring of patients with hypertension. Since 2013, the French National Health Insurance Body (FNHIB) has promoted HBPM to general practitioners (GPs). The objective of the study was to evaluate the practice of HBPM by French GPs to diagnose and monitor hypertension, 3 years after the beginning of the FNHIB campaign.

Methods
We conducted a postal survey from 7 March to 31 May 2016. All of the 1040 GPs practising in the Auvergne region in France were invited to participate, using a self-reporting questionnaire. We obtained information on the characteristics of the GPs, and their practice regarding the use of HBPM. Use of HBPM was reported as “never, occasionally, regularly and systematically”. Frequency of HBMP use was analysed using multivariate ordered logistic regression model.

Results
A total of 569 (54.7%) GPs responded to the survey. They were 50.3 (± 11.5) years old, 241 (43.0%) were female, and 352 (62.7%) worked in urban areas. Among them, 530 (94.5%) reported the use of HBPM for diagnosis and 519 (92.5%) for monitoring hypertension. To diagnose hypertension, younger GPs (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.98), GPs practising in a group (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00–2.10) and in an MHC (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.15–3.78), as compared to GPs with individual practices, and Clinical Tutors, as compared to non-Clinical Tutors, (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.33–2.79) reported more frequent use of HBPM. To manage hypertension, female GPs, as compared to male GPs, (OR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.04–2.06), younger GPs (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99), and Clinical Tutors (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.31–2.75) reported more frequent use of HBPM.

Conclusions
Our survey reveals that 3 years after the introduction of the FNHIB incentives, the use of HBPM by participating GPs to diagnose and manage hypertension is well established. A larger survey of GPs from other regions would make it possible to verify whether our results can be extrapolated to France as a whole.
Epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic surgical site infections and under-reporting estimation of registries using capture-recapture analysis
Authors: Taherpour Niloufar , Mehrabi Yadollah , Seifi Arash , Eshrati Babak , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the leading causes of the postoperative complications. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic SSIs and estimating the under-reporting of registries using the capture-recapture method.

Methods
This study, which was a registry-based, cross-sectional one, was conducted in six educational hospitals in Tehran during a one-year period, from March, 2017 to March, 2018. The data were collected from two hospital registries (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS) and Health Information Management database (HIM)). First, all orthopedic SSIs registered in these sources were used to perform capture-recapture (N = 503). Second, 202 samples were randomly selected to assess patients` characteristics.

Results
Totally, 76.24% of SSIs were detected post-discharge. Staphylococcus aureus (11.38%) was the most frequently detected bacterium in orthopedic SSIs. The median time between the detection of a SSI and the discharge was 17 days. The results of a study done on 503 SSIs showed that the coverage of NNIS and HIM was 59.95 and 65.17%, respectively. After capture-recapture estimation, it was found that about 221 of orthopedic SSIs were not detected by two sources among six hospitals and the real number of SSIs were estimated to be 623 ± 36.58 (95% CI, 552–695) and under-reporting percentage was 63.32%.

Conclusion
To recognize the trends of SSIs mortality and morbidity in national level, it is significant to have access to a registry with minimum underestimated data. Therefore, according to the weak coverage of NNIS and HIM among Iranian hospitals, a plan for promoting the national Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs and providing updated protocols is recommended.