bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minority status, access to information, and individual performance
Authors: Subasi Burcu , van Ginkel Wendy P. , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith growing nationality diversity in organizations, the question under which circumstances differences in nationality background between team members affect individual performance increases in importance. Research showed that dissimilarity may negatively affect individual performance and that the status difference between nationality majority and nationality minority moderates this effect. We take this analysis an important step further by recognizing that not all nationality minorities are low status and propose that status differences among nationality minority groups influence the extent to which nationality minority background affects individual performance. We identify the elaboration of distributed information in the team as a mediator and process accountability as a moderator in this effect. Results of a multilevel team experiment in which we manipulated team nationality composition and process accountability supported our hypotheses, testifying to the value of status‐based distinctions between minority groups in the study of relational demography effects. The mediating role of the elaboration of distributed information also provides an important bridge to team diversity research inviting further conceptual integration.
Pulsed flow in clean‐in‐place sanitization to improve hygiene and energy savings in dairy industry
Authors: Silva Lucas Donizete , Filho Ubirajara Coutinho , Naves Emiliane Andrade Araújo , Gedraite Rubens 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDemand for dairy products has increased and sanitization is key to food security of this products. Thus, this work investigated the cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) with pulsed flow in the sanitization stage on stainless steel surfaces contaminated with raw milk compared to CIP with stationary flow for hygiene and energy saving purposes. In addition, fluid dynamic behavior in geometries typically found in dairy pipelines was investigated and energy consumption estimated. For this, a CIP prototype was used, where a straight cylindrical section and an elbow were subjected to natural contamination with raw milk and later sanitized, evaluating the waviness and period effects on the pulsed flow through the central composite design. The dynamic fluid behaviors of the stationary and pulsed regimes were studied using computer simulation. The results showed that both variables were significant for cell removal. However, the reduction in colonies was more significant in the straight cylinders compared to the elbow. Larger waviness and shorter periods promoted higher cell removals due to the occurrence of annular effect and its frequency. Pulsed flow associated with computational fluid dynamics showed improved sanitization efficiency in difficult reach places and reduced energy consumption.Practical applicationsStrategies to reduce losses and to guarantee food safety are essential. Pulsed flow sanitization can be used in dairy industries to improve cell removal in difficult‐to‐access geometries during sanitization, to reduce energy consumption and time spent compared to the stationary flow process, commonly employed in dairy. In addition, this change is attractive, as it can be made with only adjustments to the control system, not necessarily requiring new equipment.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: A population‐based survey
Authors: Oshima Tadayuki , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Yoshimoto Takanori , Miura Ko , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional gastrointestinal disorders are a group of stress‐sensitive gut–brain disorders. The COVID‐19 outbreak has caused immense stress and anxiety among the general public. Strict measures to counter COVID‐19 emergency, including physical distancing, have also taken a toll on physical and mental health. We investigated the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsAn online survey was conducted in Japan for a group of randomly assigned panelists from May 26 to 27, 2020. Each respondent answered a questionnaire on stress, physical distancing, and worries about COVID‐19. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed to diagnose FD and IBS (Rome III), and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsA total of 5157 subjects were finally enrolled, with FD in 8.5%, IBS in 16.6%, and FD–IBS overlap in 4.0%. For both gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, respondents with FD–IBS overlap showed the worst scores, followed by IBS‐alone, then FD‐alone respondents. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, 11.9% of respondents reported deterioration and 2.8% reported improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms. FD–IBS overlap, psychological disease comorbidity, and stress at work/school were significantly associated with symptom deterioration. Younger age, commuting by public transport, and work/study from home were associated with symptom improvement.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic negatively affected FD/IBS subjects, with respondents showing FD–IBS overlap syndrome as the most important independent factor associated with deterioration in gastrointestinal symptoms. Physicians need to take extra care of FD/IBS patients in the post‐COVID period.
Economic and Clinical Impact of Digitally Produced Dentures
Authors: Smith P. Bradford , Perry Jeffrey , Elza William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeDigital denture technology has been gradually moving to the mainstream of dentistry over the last 25 years. Implementation of a four‐step system utilizing in‐house CAD/CAM milling technology may create cost savings for the clinical program in a dental university setting. An analysis was completed to evaluate the cost savings, if any, of fabricating complete dentures digitally versus traditionally through an outside lab.Materials and MethodsA large clinic at a North American dental school began fabricating digital dentures in 2019 utilizing the four‐step Ivoclar system. A combination of 3D printing and CAD/CAM milling produced multiple denture products used in the steps of the digital process, including the final milled complete denture.ResultsA significant cost savings was achieved, both in terms of material cost and in chair time cost when compared to traditional laboratory fabricated complete dentures.ConclusionA large clinic at a North American dental school introduced digital denture technology into the student clinical experience. This digital technology has created a cost‐saving benefit when fabricating digital dentures. Using 3D printing for the preliminary steps resulted in substantial cost savings. Fewer visits to complete the denture fabrication steps, along with fewer postinsertion visits, added further savings. Patient satisfaction with the digital denture process has been consistently high, as has student and faculty satisfaction with the final product.
Adolescent empathic concern and perspective taking: Heterogeneous developmental trajectories and childhood social and psychological factors
Authors: Farrell Ann H. , Vaillancourt Tracy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe joint developmental trajectories of empathic concern and perspective taking were examined across adolescence, along with childhood social and psychological predictors.MethodAdolescents completed self‐report measures of empathy annually from Grades 7 to 10 (i.e., ages 13 to 16;N = 609; 53.9% girls; 76.2% White). Childhood social and psychological predictors were assessed in Grades 5 and 6 using self‐ and parent‐reports.ResultsAs predicted, the majority of individuals reflected a joint trajectory of moderate stable empathic concern and moderate increasing perspective taking (31.9%), followed by joint high increasing (17.2%) and joint low stable (7.4%) empathy. Fewer adolescents reflected joint trajectories of being high on one form of empathy but not the other (e.g., high empathic concern only, 1.6%; high increasing perspective taking only, 2.8%). High increasing perspective taking was a better indicator of high increasing empathic concern than the reverse. Higher childhood hyperactivity, higher bullying perpetration, and lower perceived school climate were prominent predictors of developing low levels of at least one form of empathy, but childhood anxiety was a predictor of developing high empathy.ConclusionsThe skills and abilities associated with perspective taking and empathic concern should be promoted, with special attention paid to early indicators of affective, cognitive, and behavioral self‐regulation.
The Golden Retriever Lifetime Study: Assessing factors associated with owner compliance after the first year of enrollment
Authors: Ruple Audrey , Jones Melissa , Simpson Missy , Page Rodney 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (GRLS) is one of the largest canine cohort studies undertaken in the United States to date. This study design allows for evaluation of multiple exposures and outcomes throughout the lifetime of each dog, but relies on participants to comply with study requirements over a long period of time. Failure to do so can lead to biased reporting of results.ObjectivesTo examine factors associated with dog owner compliance for GRLS.AnimalsGolden Retrievers (n = 3044) whose owners elected to participate in GRLS.MethodsProspective, cohort study. A logistic regression model was constructed to examine associations between data collected at the time of initial enrollment in GRLS and the outcome of failure to fulfill all study obligations at the end of the first year after enrollment in GRLS.ResultsThere were 192 (6.3%) owners who did not comply with study requirements 1 year after enrollment. Owners of dogs without a record of vaccination had nearly 4 times higher odds (adjusted OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.2) of being noncompliant than owners of vaccinated dogs and owners of dogs that slept in the garage had nearly 6 times higher odds (adjusted OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.9, 17.0) of being noncompliant than owners of dogs that slept in their bedroom.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSurvey questions about a dog's sleeping location at night and vaccination status are important indicators of an owner's odds of compliance in a prospective study. Use of similar questions during enrollment in cohort studies might help to predict owner compliance that can aid in subject selection.
Origin of isolated olivine grains in carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Jacquet Emmanuel , Piralla Maxime , Kersaho Pauline , Marrocchi Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report microscopic, cathodoluminescence, chemical, and O isotopic measurements of FeO‐poor isolated olivine grains (IOG) in the carbonaceous chondrites Allende (CV3), Northwest Africa 5958 (C2‐ung), Northwest Africa 11086 (CM2‐an), and Allan Hills 77307 (CO3.0). The general petrographic, chemical, and isotopic similarity with bona fide type I chondrules confirms that the IOG derived from them. The concentric CL zoning, reflecting a decrease in refractory elements toward the margins, and frequent rimming by enstatite are taken as evidence of interaction of the IOG with the gas as stand‐alone objects. This indicates that they were splashed out of chondrules when these were still partially molten. CaO‐rich refractory forsterites, which are restricted to ∆17O <−4‰ likely escaped equilibration at lower temperatures because of their large size and possibly quicker quenching. The IOG thus bear witness to frequent collisions in the chondrule‐forming regions.
Quantifying dispersal variability among nearshore marine populations
Authors: Catalano Katrina A. , Dedrick Allison G. , Stuart Michelle R. , Puritz Jonathan B. , Montes Humberto R. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDispersal drives diverse processes from population persistence to community dynamics. However, the amount of temporal variation in dispersal and its consequences for metapopulation dynamics is largely unknown for organisms with environmentally driven dispersal (e.g., many marine larvae, arthropods and plant seeds). Here, we used genetic parentage analysis to detect larval dispersal events in a common coral reef fish, Amphiprion clarkii, along 30 km of coastline consisting of 19 reef patches in Ormoc Bay, Leyte, Philippines. We quantified variation in the dispersal kernel across seven years (2012–2018) and monsoon seasons with 71 parentage assignments from 791 recruits and 1,729 adults. Connectivity patterns differed significantly among years and seasons in the scale and shape but not in the direction of dispersal. This interannual variation in dispersal kernels introduced positive temporal covariance among dispersal routes that theory predicts is likely to reduce stochastic metapopulation growth rates below the growth rates expected from only a single or a time‐averaged connectivity estimate. The extent of variation in mean dispersal distance observed here among years is comparable in magnitude to the differences across reef fish species. Considering dispersal variation will be an important avenue for further metapopulation and metacommunity research across diverse taxa.
Plasmodium sporozoites on the move: Switching from cell traversal to productive invasion of hepatocytes
Authors: Loubens Manon , Vincensini Laetitia , Fernandes Priyanka , Briquet Sylvie , Marinach Carine , Silvie Olivier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParasites of the genus Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria, are transmitted through the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, which deposit sporozoites into the host skin. Sporozoites migrate through the dermis, enter the bloodstream, and rapidly traffic to the liver. They cross the liver sinusoidal barrier and traverse several hepatocytes before switching to productive invasion of a final one for replication inside a parasitophorous vacuole. Cell traversal and productive invasion are functionally independent processes that require proteins secreted from specialized secretory organelles known as micronemes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how sporozoites traverse through cells and productively invade hepatocytes, and discuss the role of environmental sensing in switching from a migratory to an invasive state. We propose that timely controlled secretion of distinct microneme subsets could play a key role in successful migration and infection of hepatocytes. A better understanding of these essential biological features of the Plasmodium sporozoite may contribute to the development of new strategies to fight against the very first and asymptomatic stage of malaria.
The Arabidopsis small G‐protein AtRAN1 is a positive regulator in chitin‐induced stomatal closure and disease resistance
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng , Chen Ling , Jin Pinyuan , Tetteh Charles , Zhou Xiuhong , Gao Zhimou , Zhang Huajian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChitin, a fungal microbial‐associated molecular pattern, triggers various defence responses in several plant systems. Although it induces stomatal closure, the molecular mechanisms of its interactions with guard cell signalling pathways are unclear. Based on screening of public microarray data obtained from the ATH1 Affymetrix and Arabidopsis eFP browser, we isolated a cDNA encoding a Ras‐related nuclear protein 1 AtRAN1. AtRAN1 expression was enriched in guard cells in a manner consistent with involvement in the control of the stomatal movement. AtRAN1 mutation impaired chitin‐induced stomatal closure and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in guard cells. In addition, Atran1 mutant plants exhibited compromised chitin‐enhanced plant resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens due to changes in defence‐related genes. Furthermore, Atran1 mutant plants were hypersensitive to drought stress compared to Col‐0 plants, and had lower levels of stress‐responsive genes. These data demonstrate a previously uncharacterized signalling role for AtRAN1, mediating chitin‐induced signalling.
The possible role of sirtuin 5 in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Ning , Lin Sze‐Kwan , Kok Sang‐Heng , Wang Han‐Wei , Lee Yuan‐Ling , Shun Chia‐Tung , Chi Chih‐Wen , Yang Hsiang , Hong Chi‐Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the relation between expression of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in osteoblastic cells and progression of apical periodontitis. The role of SIRT5 in hypoxia‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and osteoblast apoptosis was also examined.Materials and MethodsProgression of rat apical periodontitis was monitored by conventional radiography and microcomputed tomography. SIRT5 and oxidative stress biomarker 8‐OHdG in bone‐lining cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to demonstrate apoptosis. In primary human osteoblasts cultured under hypoxia, Western blot was used to analyze SIRT5 expression and cleavage of pro‐caspase 3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). SIRT5 was overexpressed through lentiviral technique. ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were assessed by MitoSOX‐Red and JC‐1 fluorescence, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscope was used to evaluate mitochondrial release of cytochrome c.ResultsIn rat apical periodontitis, disease progression was accompanied by decreased expression of SIRT5, increased oxidative stress, and enhanced apoptosis in bone‐lining cells. SIRT5 was suppressed in cultured osteoblasts under hypoxia. SIRT5 overexpression ameliorated hypoxia‐enhanced ROS formation, mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c leakage, activation of caspase‐3, and PARP fragmentation.ConclusionsSIRT5 is able to alleviate hypoxia‐enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. SIRT5 augmentation may have therapeutic potential for apical periodontitis.
Glass Panels and Peepholes: Nonhuman Animals and the Right to Privacy
Authors: Pepper Angie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I defend the claim that many sentient nonhuman animals have a right to privacy. I begin by outlining the view that the human right to privacy protects our interest in shaping different kinds of relationships with one another by giving us control over how we present ourselves to others. I then draw on empirical research to show that nonhuman animals also have this interest, which grounds a right to privacy against us. I further argue that we can violate this right even when other animals are unaware that we are watching them.
The Impact of forest and non‐forest cover on drinking water treatment costs: panel evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Mulatu Dawit W. , Fentie Amare , Siikamäki Juha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmpirical assessment of relationships between land use and land cover and drinking water chemical treatment cost is lacking in developing countries. This study is conducted to assess the impact of forest and non‐forest cover on water purification chemical costs in Ethiopia. A panel fixed effects regression model was applied and analysed at the watershed, upstream parts of the watershed, and different buffer distances ranging from 2.5 to 30 kilometers. Findings indicated that forest cover both at watershed and upstream level has a significant effect on water treatment chemical cost. Result showed that watershed forest cover contributes significantly to reduction of treatment chemical costs as compared to non‐forest cover, but the contribution to the reduction of treatment cost declines as the buffer distance increases. Thus, the findings highlighted that protecting forest enhances water quality and reduces the chemical costs incurred to treat potable water.
Prevalence of impaired physiological function consistent with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): an Australian elite and pre-elite cohort
Authors: Rogers Margot Anne , Appaneal Renee Newcomer , Hughes David , Vlahovich Nicole , Waddington Gordon , Burke Louise M , Drew Michael 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesAthlete health, training continuity and performance can be impeded as a result of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Here we report the point prevalence of symptoms described by the RED-S model in a mixed-sport cohort of Australian female athletes.MethodsElite and pre-elite female athletes (n=112) from eight sports completed validated questionnaires and underwent clinical assessment to assess the point prevalence of RED-S symptoms. Questionnaires included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), SCOFF questionnaire for disordered eating, Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), and a custom questionnaire on injury and illness. Clinical assessment comprised resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral density, venous and capillary blood samples, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 7.0.2). Descriptive prevalence statistics are presented.ResultsAlmost all (80%) participants (age 19 (range 15–32) years; mass 69.5±10.3 kg; body fat 23.1%±5.0%) demonstrated at least one symptom consistent with RED-S, with 37% exhibiting between two and three symptoms. One participant demonstrated five symptoms. Impaired function of the immunological (28%, n=27), haematological (31%, n=33) and gastrointestinal (47%, n=51) systems were most prevalent. A moderate to high (11%–55%) prevalence of risk of low energy availability was identified via RMR and LEAF-Q, and identified mental illnesses were prevalent in one-third of the assessed cohort.ConclusionSymptoms described by the RED-S model were prevalent in this cohort, supporting the need for improved awareness, monitoring and management of these symptoms in this population.