bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between benzophenone-3 and dietary fat in mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Kariagina Anastasia , Morozova Olena , Hoshyar Reyhane , Aupperlee Mark D. , Borin Mitchell A. , Haslam Sandra Z. , Schwartz Richard C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Benzophenone-3 is a putative endocrine disrupting chemical and common active ingredient in sunscreens and personal care products. The potential of endocrine disrupting chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists in critical hormonally regulated processes, such as mammary gland development and mammary tumorigenesis, demands evaluation of their potential in promoting breast cancer. We previously demonstrated promotion of mammary tumorigenesis by a diet high in saturated animal fat. This study examines the activity of benzophenone-3 in a dietary context to provide insight into its potential role in promoting breast cancer, and how diet might influence this.
Methods

Mammary tumorigenesis was studied in a BALB/c mouse Trp53-null transplantation model. Three-week-old mice were fed low-fat or high-fat diets, and at ten weeks of age were switched to high-fat or low-fat diets, respectively, while other mice were maintained continuously on low-fat diet. Mice additionally were treated continuously with or without benzophenone-3. The level of benzophenone-3 exposure yielded levels in urine similar to that observed in humans subjected to heavy topical exposure of benzophenone-3-containing commercial sunscreen.
Results

Benzophenone-3 had complex effects that were dependent upon diet and tumor histopathology. Benzophenone-3 was protective in regard to epithelial tumorigenesis in mice fed low-fat diet and was promotional for epithelial tumorigenesis in mice fed high-fat diet restricted to adulthood. It increased tumor cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell apoptosis, and increased tumor vascularity in a manner dependent on specific dietary regimen and tumor histopathology. Protective effects were not always concordant with a decrease in properties associated with tumor progression. Notably, although benzophenone-3 seemed protective for tumorigenesis in mice fed low-fat diet, spindle cell tumors that arose in these mice showed increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis.
Conclusions

Benzophenone-3 elicits promotional and protective effects on mammary tumorigenesis dependent upon diet and tumor histopathology. However, even in instances of an ostensibly protective effect, other parameters suggest potential for greater risk. This points to a need for further studies of benzophenone-3 in both animal models and humans as a potential breast cancer risk factor, as well as a more general need to evaluate endocrine disrupting chemicals in the context of varying diets.
Whole microbial community viability is not quantitatively reflected by propidium monoazide sequencing approach
Authors: Wang Ya , Yan Yan , Thompson Kelsey N. , Bae Sena , Accorsi Emma K. , Zhang Yancong , Shen Jiaxian , Vlamakis Hera , Hartman Erica M. , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: High-throughput sequencing provides a powerful window into the structural and functional profiling of microbial communities, but it is unable to characterize only the viable portion of microbial communities at scale. There is as yet not one best solution to this problem. Previous studies have established viability assessments using propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment coupled with downstream molecular profiling (e.g. qPCR or sequencing). While these studies have met with moderate success, most of them focused on the resulting “viable” communities without systematic evaluations of the technique. Here, we present our work to rigorously benchmark “PMA-seq” (PMA treatment followed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) for viability assessment in synthetic and realistic microbial communities. Results: PMA-seq was able to successfully reconstruct simple synthetic communities comprising viable/heat-killed Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sanguinis . However, in realistically complex communities (computer screens, computer mice, soil and human saliva) with E. coli spike-in controls, PMA-seq did not accurately quantify viability, with its performance largely affected by community properties such as initial biomass, sample types and compositional diversity. We then applied this technique to environmental swabs from the Boston subway system. Several taxa differed significantly after PMA treatment, while not all microorganisms responded consistently. To elucidate the “PMA-responsive” microbes, we compared our results with previous PMA-based studies and found that PMA-responsiveness varied widely when microbes were sourced from different ecosystems but were reproducible within similar environments across studies. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of PMA-seq exploring its quantitative accuracy in synthetic and complex microbial communities, where the technique was effective for semi-quantitative purposes in simple synthetic communities, but provided only qualitative assessments in realistically complex community samples.
Salidroside-pretreated mesenchymal stem cells contribute to neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Liping , Yao Panpan , Jiang Lixia , Wang Zhaoyun , Ma Xiaohe , Wen Guangxin , Yang Jintao , Zhou Binjie , Yu Qin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising tool for treating cerebral ischemic injury. However, their poor survival after transplantation limits their therapeutic effect and applications. Salidroside has been reported to exert potent cytoprotective and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether salidroside could improve MSC survival under hypoxic-ischemic conditions and, subsequently, alleviate cerebral ischemic injury in a rat model.Methods: MSCs were pretreated by salidroside under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The cell proliferation, migratory capacity, and apoptosis were evaluated by means of Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. MSCs pretreated with salidroside were transplanted into the rats subsequent to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The grip strength, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to analyze the therapeutic efficiency and pathological changes. The mature neuron marker NeuN and astrocyte marker GFAP in the focal area were detected by immunofluorescence.Results: These results indicated that salidroside promoted the proliferation, migration and reduced apoptosis of MSCs under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. In vivo experiments revealed that transplantation of salidroside-pretreated MSCs strengthened the therapeutic efficiency by enhancing neurogenesis and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampal CA1 area after ischemia.Conclusion: Our results suggest that pretreatment with salidroside could be an effective strategy to enhance the cell survival rate and the therapeutic effect of MSCs in treating cerebral ischemic injury.
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) extract from Coriolus versicolor decreased Tmax of tamoxifen and maintained biochemical serum parameters, with no change in the metabolism of tamoxifen in the rat
Authors: Naumovski Valentina , Kimble Benjamin , Laurenti Daunia , Nammi Srinivas , Norimoto Hisayoshi , Chan Kelvin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Natural products such as mushrooms are increasingly used as adjunct therapies in cancer to stimulate the immune system. However, little is known about their interaction with chemotherapy drugs. This study investigated whether a commercial polysaccharide peptide (PSP) extract of the mushroom Coriolus (C.) versicolor interacts with tamoxifen, a common chemotherapy drug used in breast cancer. Methods: The pharmacokinetic and biochemical parameters of tamoxifen in female Sprague-Dawley rats’ serum were determined after orally administering tamoxifen (20 mg/kg) at a single dose and repeated dosing with and without C. versicolor (340 mg/kg). Results: Although the area-under-curve and maximum concentration showed no significant differences in both the single dose and repeated dosing, time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) increased by 228% and 93%, respectively, in the rats treated with C. versicolor (p<0.05). The repeated dosing of C. versicolor, when co-administered with repeated dosing of tamoxifen, maintained 19 out of 23 biochemical serum parameters in rats compared to control (p<0.05). Using hepatic female rat microsomes, an in vitro study showed that the extract (10 – 100 µg/mL) did not significantly alter the rate of tamoxifen depletion which is known to be mediated by cytochromes P450 (CYP450). Conclusions: These results indicate that C. versicolor may delay the intestinal absorption of tamoxifen and maintain biochemical serum parameters, without any change in tamoxifen’s metabolism. If clinical trials confirm this result, the timing of tamoxifen and C. versicolor administration would need to be considered to avoid potential drug interactions resulting from a delay in achieving the systemic level of the anti-cancer medication.
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Regulates EPO and Iron Recycling Protein Expressions in Anemic Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease: Accumulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α via ERK Signaling
Authors: Wang Fochang , Yu Huimin , Huang Shiying , Zheng Lin , Zheng Ping , Zhang Shangbin , Li Shunmin , Chen Jianping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS), the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction has been commonly used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications such as anemia. JPYS has been previously found to induce erythropoietin (EPO) production in HEK293T cells and CKD rats. However, the mechanism of JPYS in treating anemia of CKD rats has remained largely unknown. Here, we further extend our effort to investigate the translational control of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-α protein via ERK signaling and the effect on iron recycling related protein expression by JPYS, thus revealing the mechanism of JPYS in correcting anemia in CKD. Methods: Experimental CKD rats with anemia were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Rats were administrated orally with high dose (6.0 g/kg/d) and low dose ( 1.5 g/kg/d ) of JPYS for 90 days. Serum hepcidin level was determined to evaluate iron homeostasis. Protein expressions of HIF-2α, erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin and ferroportin (FPN), as well as the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (RK1/2) were detected by Western blot. Results: Our data showed that JPYS treatment significantly ameliorated kidney function by reducing increased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and the urine protein (UPRO). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining observation showed that the renal pathological damage was restored in JPYS-treated CKD rats. In parallel, JPYS markedly improved CKD anemia through up-regulation of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT). JPYS stimulated EPO and HIF-2α protein expression in both kidney and liver of CKD rats. Furthermore, JPYS induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein. In addition, JPYS regulated protein expressions of ferritin and FPN in both liver and spleen of CKD rats, as well as serum level of hepcidin. Conclusions: JPYS induces the expression of EPO through ERK-mediated HIF-2α protein accumulation, and regulates systemic iron recycling, supporting its role in promoting erythropoiesis and improvement of anemia in CKD.
Passive Prescription of Secondary Prevention Medical Therapy During Index Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction is Prevalent and Associated with Adverse Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Huang Nancy Xu-Rui , Fang Fang , Xu Yizhou , Huang Jinyu , Sanderson John E. , Yan Bryan P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Secondary prevention therapy reduces death and re-infarction after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but is under-utilized in clinical practice. Mechanisms for this therapeutic gap are not well established. We aimed to evaluate the impact of passive continuation compared to active initiation of secondary prevention therapy for AMI patients during index hospitalization. Methods: We analyzed 1083 consecutive patients with AMI to a tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong and assessed discharge prescription rates of secondary prevention therapies (aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs)). Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of discharge and 6-month medication, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate 12-month survival. Results: Overall prescription rates of aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers, statins, ACEI/ARBs on discharge was 94.8%, 54.2%, 64.5%, 83.5% and 61.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that prior use of each therapy, except clopidogrel, was an independent predictor of prescription of the same therapy on discharge: aspirin [Odds ratio (OR) =4.8, 95% CI =1.9-12.3, P<0.01]; beta-blockers (OR=2.5, 95%CI =1.8-3.4, P<0.01); statins (OR=8.3, 95%CI =0.4-15.7, P<0.01) and ACEI/ARBs (OR=2.9, 95%CI =2.0-4.3, P<0.01). Passive continuation of prior medication was associated with higher 1-year mortality rates than active initiation in treatment naïve patient [aspirin (13.7% vs. 5.7%), beta-blockers (12.9% vs. 5.6%), statins (11.0% vs. 4.6%), all P<0.01].Active prescription was more common in lower risk patients (who were younger, with less co-morbidity, and with higher left ventricular ejection fraction) who were treated more aggressively with secondary prevention medication on discharge. Also patients who were not on a given medication before admission were less likely to be prescribed it on discharge.Conclusions: Overall use of secondary prevention medication for AMI was suboptimal compared to guideline recommendations. Our findings suggested the practice of passive continuation of prior medication was prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes compared to those who received secondary preventive medication for the first time during index hospitalization. Failure to start additional medication and possible inadequate dose titration in the passive continuation group may be in part the reason for the poorer clinical outcome in this group.
Risk factors for Lymphatic Filariasis and Mass Drug Administration non-Participation in Mandalay Region, Myanmar
Authors: Dickson Benjamin Felix Rothschild , Graves Patricia M. , Aye Ni Ni , Nwe Thet Wai , Wai Tint , Win San San , Shwe Myint , Douglass Janet , Wood Peter , Wangdi Kinley , McBride William J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Myanmar commenced a lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination program in 2000. Whilst the country has made considerable progress since then, a number of districts have demonstrated persistent transmission after many rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). The causes of unsuccessful MDA have been examined elsewhere, however, there remains little information on the factors that contribute in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted an analysis of factors associated with persistent infection, LF-related hydrocoele and MDA participation in an area with ongoing transmission in 2015. A cross-sectional household survey was undertaken in 24 villages across four townships of Mandalay Region. Participants were screened for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using immunochromatographic tests and if positive, for microfilaria by night-time thick blood slide. Individuals 15 year and older were assessed for filariasis morbidity (lymphoedema and if male, hydrocoele) by ultrasound-assisted clinical examination. A pre-coded questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for LF and for never-taking MDA. Significant variables identified in univariate analyses were included in separate step-wise multivariate logistic regressions for each outcome. Results: After adjustment for covariates and survey design, being CFA positive was significantly associated with age (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.06), per year), male gender (OR 3.11, 1.23 – 7.87), elevation (OR 0.97, 0.94 – 1.00, per metre) and the density of people per household room (OR 1.56, 1.26 – 1.93). LF-related hydrocoele was associated with age (OR 1.06, 1.02 – 1.09, per year) and residing in Amarapura Township (OR 8.56, 1.33 – 55.22). Never-taking MDA was associated with age (less than 15 years: OR 2.89, 1.11 – 7.51; greater than 60 years: OR 4.00, 1.53 – 10.48), male gender (OR 1.85, 1.05 – 3.25), residing in Amarapura township (OR 2.99, 1.39 – 6.43), moving to one’s current village from another (OR 2.84, 1.15 – 7.02) and ever having declined medication (OR 13.76, 4.79 – 39.58). Decreased likelihood of never taking MDA was associated with a higher proportion of household members being present during the last MDA round (OR 0.18, 0.04 – 0.96)). Conclusions: These results contribute to the understanding of LF and MDA participation related risk factors, and will assist Myanmar improve its elimination and morbidity management programs.
Materials and Techniques of the “Chun Rong Xuan Mao” Birthday Inscribed Plaque in the Bashu Area of China During the Reign of Tongzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Zheng Liping , Wang Liqin , Zhao Xing , Yang Jiali , Zhang Mengxia , Wang Yunfu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In ancient China, people presented inscribed plaques as gifts to the elderly on their birthdays to wish them longevity. Under long-term weathering conditions, the plaques, often hung on the lintel of a door, gradually deform, the words fade,and the decorative parts deteriorate. Whenever possible, original materials and techniques should be used to restore such cultural relics. Therefore, it is important to analyze the materials and techniques used for the production of the inscribed plaques. However, no study has been carried out on the materials and techniques used to create inscribed plaques. In this study, multi-analytical scientific approach, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-ATR-FTIR), and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman), were used to explore the materials and techniques utilized to create the “Chun Rong Xuan Mao” birthday inscribed plaque in the Bashu area of China produced during the fifth year of the reign of Tongzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The results showed that the plaque wad made of cypress wood and decorative parts consisting of the surface lacquer layers, plaster lacquer layers and primer lacquer layers. Chinese lacquer was the principal material used in the surface lacquer layers; gypsum and Chinese lacquer were the materials used in the plaster lacquer layers; and the primer lacquer layers was composed of Chinese lacquer, calcite, and mixed pigments by cinnabar and minium. The surface lacquer layers of the inscribed plaque were lacquered black. Gypsum lacquer plaster has been commonly used in the ground layer of lacquerware in modern history. This study confirmed the existence of technology to make lacquerware using gypsum lacquer plaster in the Bashu area during the late Qing Dynasty. Moreover, this study not only provides new findings regarding the traditional production of inscribed plaques and offers technical support for the protection and restoration of such plaques but also has great significance to exploring the history of ancient techniques of lacquering and decorating lacquerware.
Development and Application of a Multidimensional&nbsp;Oral Health Scale
Authors: Chiang Yi-Chen , Lin Shengnan , Chu Meijie , Li An , Cai Xinlan , Xiao Jin , Zhao Benhua , Wang Ruixin , Luo Fangcong , Su Yanhua , Yang Lingyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Based on existing measuring tools, we sought to develop a multidimensional oral health scale suitable for domestic use and evaluate its reliability and validity. The scale was applied to conduct an initial investigation of the oral health of college students. It is expected that groups with a high oral health risk can be identified early through large-scale and low-cost questionnaire screening in the future, which can also provide ideas for the development of relevant clinical research. Methods: The current questionnaire focuses on oral health and health care behaviors. It is multidimensional and incorporates concepts such as oral health literacy. Freshmen from two different university colleges were selected as the research objects, and the questionnaire was distributed electronically. LISREL 8.80 and SPSS 21.0 were used to analyze the validity and reliability of the oral healthy literacy scale, and descriptive analysis was also performed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The scores of the two scales of oral health literacy were at medium and high levels. The Cronbach's alpha values were 0.96 and 0.95, and both the GFI and AGFI reached 1. The percentages of people who did not brush their teeth or use dental floss were 78.8% and 79.3%, respectively. Only 16.2% knew that the Bass Method was the most important technique to ensure oral health, and only 15.1% knew that regular dental cleaning every six months could also ensure oral health.Conclusions: At present, college freshmen have not developed correct oral health care behaviors. Dental cleaning should be included in medical insurance reimbursement to encourage people to receive regular oral examinations and dental cleanings.