bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humor and satire in politics: Introducing cultural sociology to the field
Authors: Tesnohlidkova Olivera 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe landscape of political humor and satire is changing rapidly, and it is becoming an increasingly relevant aspect of our culture. Although scholars have been actively trying to capture this change, majority of the existing frameworks for understanding humor and satire in politics still reduce these phenomena to mere genres or rhetoric tools. In addition, they provide insufficient accounts concerning the reception of humor and satire, and neglect to interpret and explain what they communicate. In the article, a general understanding of humor and satire outside of a political context, followed by an overview of studies discussing humor and satire in politics through their applications in social movements, as leadership tools, and through their manifestations in mass media has been presented. Lastly, a cultural sociological perspective to the field has been introduced. It has been argued that approaching humor and satire in politics through a structural hermeneutic method of the Strong Program will enable us to recognize and treat political humor and satire as autonomous and complex cultural systems which carry an internal power to move people.
Key patterns of S‐type granitic gneiss to define the baric (low‐ to high‐pressure) nature of Phanerozoic basement terranes
Authors: Massonne Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractS‐type granitic gneiss is a major rock type in exposed Phanerozoic basement areas. However, it is hardly used to decipher the metamorphic evolution of such areas formed by the collision of tectonic plates. It is demonstrated by thermodynamic modelling of the metamorphism of common to evolved S‐type granite that mineralogical key patterns can elucidate the baric nature of granitic gneiss. Low‐ to medium‐grade granitic gneiss shows increasing and decreasing contents of potassic white mica and biotite, respectively, with rising pressure. Pressures above c. 12 kbar (500°C) result in considerable amounts of Na‐rich clinopyroxene. A relatively precise peak‐pressure estimate can be obtained by the determination of the Si content in potassic white mica but only for water pressures below 13–15 kbar. Thus, eclogite facies granitic gneiss can only be recognized by the presence of Na‐rich clinopyroxene. Silicon contents in biotite might have a geobarometric potential as potassic white mica. Titanium minerals in S‐type granitic gneiss are of limited baric potential.
Effect of multiple head positions on intraocular pressure in healthy, anesthetized horses during hoisting
Authors: Alling Christopher R. , Cremer Jeannette , Liu Chin‐Chi , Lewin Andrew C. , Camacho‐Luna Pilar , Carter Renee T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) with variable head position in healthy, anesthetized horses in hoisted inversion and to assess the influence of various cofactors (age, sex, body weight, body condition score, and neck length) on IOP changes during hoisting.Animals studiedSeventeen healthy adult horses without significant ocular abnormalities.ProceduresSubjects were administered intravenous xylazine/butorphanol premedication and ketamine/midazolam induction with xylazine/ketamine boluses for anesthetic maintenance. While hoisted, IOP was measured in triplicate for each eye via rebound tonometry (TonoVet) at neutral head position (ie, eyes level with the withers), at multiple 5 cm increments above and below neutral (−20 cm through +20 cm) using foam pads for head support, and with eyes above heart level via manual support.ResultsIn hoisted positions, IOP ranged from 18 to 51 mmHg. Intraocular pressure significantly decreased with head position elevated ≥+15 cm from neutral and significantly increased when lowered ≤−5 cm from neutral. Neck length significantly influenced IOP (P = .0328) with linear regression indicating a median (range) increase of 0.244 (0.034‐0.425) mmHg in IOP for every 1 cm increase in neck length. Age, sex, breed, body weight, body condition score, and eye (OD vs OS) did not significantly influence IOP. Intraocular pressure only varied significantly between eyes at +10 cm above neutral (OS > OD, 1.7 ± 0.6 mm Hg,P = .0044).ConclusionsIntraocular pressure in healthy, anesthetized horses varies with head position during hoisting; increased neck length may be associated with larger changes in IOP during hoisting.
Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Symmetric Lifting Motion Prediction Models: A Case Study
Authors: Zaman Rahid , Xiang Yujiang , Cruz Jazmin , Yang James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Symmetric lifting is a common manual material handling strategy in daily life and is the main cause of low back pain. In the literature, symmetric lifting is mainly simulated by using two-dimensional (2D) models because of their simplicity and low computational cost. In practice, however, symmetric lifting can generate asymmetric kinetics especially when the lifting weight is heavy and symmetric lifting based on 2D models misses this important asymmetric kinetics information. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) models are necessary for symmetric lifting simulation to capture asymmetric kinetics. The purpose of this single-subject case study is to compare the optimization formulations and simulation results for symmetric lifting by using 2D and 3D human models and to identify their pros and cons. In this case study, a 10-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) 2D skeletal model and a 40-DOFs 3D skeletal model are employed to predict the symmetric maximum weight lifting motion, respectively. The lifting problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to minimize the dynamic effort and maximize the box weight. An inverse dynamic optimization approach is used to determine the optimal lifting motion and the maximum lifting weight considering dynamic joint strength. Lab experiments are carried out to validate the predicted motions. The predicted lifting motion, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and maximum box weight from the 2D and 3D human models for Subject #8 are compared with the experimental data. Recommendations are given.
Study on Acoustic Emission Detection Technology of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessel
Authors: Wei Daoxiang , Yang Yuqing , Si Jun , Wen Xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fiber reinforced plastics are used in pressure vessel manufacturing because of their high strength and corrosion resistance.Defects may occur in the manufacture and use of the pressure vessel. To ensure safe operation of the pressure vessel, it is necessary to conduct periodic safety assessment of the pressure vessel put into operation. It is difficult to evaluate the safety status of fiber-reinforced plastic pressure vessels by conventional nondestructive testing.Acoustic emission detection technology is a dynamic detection method, which has obvious advantages for the performance and fracture process of fiber reinforced plastic materials. ASME section V or ASTM section on acoustic emission detection of FRP pressure vessels, in which the localization of defects is mainly based on acoustic emission instruments. Due to the anisotropy of FRP material, the instrument can only give the area of the defect, and then use other non-destructive testing methods supplementary detection, so the author proposes a regional positioning method, which can locate defects more accurately. In this paper, acoustic emission detection method and lead breaking method were used to simulate the deficiency, and acoustic velocity attenuation and variation of fiber reinforced plastics were studied, and confirmative tests were carried out to obtain the positioning accuracy of the deficiency in different areas.In order to achieve the acoustic emission (AE) response behavior of stretching damage of glass fiber composites with fiber pre-broken and weak bonding, stretching tests and real-time AE monitoring of glass fiber composites were conducted.Experimental results showed that damage model such as matrix cracking and fiber fracture and bending could be occurred in the process of damage and failure. The composition and content of signal frequency of AE is also different because of difference of preset defect.
A Code Case Concerning the Effect of Embrittlement on Index Temperature Metrics
Authors: Kirk Mark , Erickson Marjorie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ASME Section XI Working Groups on Operating Plant Criteria (WGOPC) and on Flaw Evaluation (WGFE) have undertaken an effort to develop a new Code Case (Record # 19-1113) to address the following inquiry:
What method(s) are acceptable for obtaining RTNDT, RTTo and/or T0 that account for embrittlement for analytical evaluations performed in accordance with Nonmandatory Appendices A, E, G, or K in lieu of the current requirements of these Appendices?
Accounting for embrittlement in Code calculations in an appropriate manner is a critical element to the operating safety of nuclear power plants. The intent of responding to this inquiry is to ensure that Code guidance on this matter is comprehensive, up-to-date with the current state of knowledge and applications, and appropriate for international use. The work on the Code Case aims to unify guidance on the following topics throughout the Code, and to fill gaps as needed:
• Source of embrittlement data,
• Forecasting of embrittlement trends,
• Accounting for embrittlement in the inter-relationships between various toughness properties, and
• Accounting for uncertainties associated with embrittlement.
This paper outlines the overall structure of the Code Case, and summarizes the progress achieved to date.
Measurement of the Hydrogen Permeability of Various Polymers for High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Vessels and Valves
Authors: Jang Jin-Seob , Chung Nak-Kwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have been studied on the physical property evaluation in high-pressure hydrogen environment for components and materials used in hydrogen infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for safe use and dissemination of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen is small and light and easily leaks out of storage containers or parts. For safety, it is important to measure the permeability of the material and parts for high pressure hydrogen vessel. We will present the measurement of hydrogen permeability of polymer materials used in hydrogen storage containers and O-rings. Hydrogen permeability was measured by differential pressure method, and the permeability of several polymers such as EPDM, NBR, FKM, and HDPE was measured. Their diffusivity could be calculated using the obtained permeability graph, and their solubility was also obtained. We will measure the permeability by changing the type and the amount of additives and fillers in polymers. We will also measure the change in permeability with various hydrogen pressure and temperature.
Critical Review of ASME III Plasticity Correction Factors for Fatigue Design-by-Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant Components
Authors: Clarkson David M. , Bell Christopher D. , Mackenzie Donald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite significant technological progress in recent years, elastic-plastic fatigue analysis of pressure-retaining components remains a time-consuming venture. Accordingly, nuclear pressure vessel design codes such as ASME Section III provide simplified elastic-plastic analysis procedures as a practical alternative. This approach can be excessively conservative under certain conditions due to the bounding nature of the applied plasticity correction factor, Ke. Whilst this overconservatism was tolerable in the past, recent technical challenges arising due to consideration of environmentally-assisted fatigue (EAF) and design for long-term operation have posed difficulty in achieving acceptable fatigue usage based on extant Code assessment procedures for certain components. The incorporation of more accurate Ke factors has since been identified as a nuclear industry priority.
This paper presents a critical review of Ke factors within ASME Section III, with particular attention given to a recently proposed approach by Ranganath, which is currently being considered for inclusion as an ASME Section III Code Case. Correction factors adopted within other nuclear and non-nuclear codes and standards (C&S) were also considered. The code-based Ke factors were comparied with Ke factors obtained directly from various elastic-plastic finite element (FE) models of representative plant components. The results revealed a considerable difference in conservatism between the code-based methods. Based on the elastic-plastic FE results, an alternative improved plasticity correction method was proposed. The need for a harmonized approach to determining Ke based on elastic-plastic FE analysis is discussed and identified as a desirable industry objective.
INCEFA-PLUS Project: Review of the Test Programme
Authors: Bruchhausen Matthias , McLennan Alec , Cicero Roman , Huotilainen Caitlin , Mottershead Kevin , le Roux Jean-Christophe , Vankeerberghen Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The European Project INCEFA-PLUS (INcreasing Safety in NPPs by Covering gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment) characterizes environmentally assisted fatigue of stainless steels in light water reactor environments. The project includes a major test programme during which more than 200 fatigue tests have been carried out in different laboratories across Europe.
The test campaign was structured in three successive phases with slightly different foci. All testing programmes were optimized by means of the Design of Experiment method. The majority of the tests were carried out on a single batch of 304L which were complemented by tests on different batches of 304L and on X6 CrNiTi 18 10, a Ti stabilized steel used in VVERs.
The influences of mean strain, surface roughness and hold time on fatigue life in air and water environment at a given environmental fatigue correction factor Fen were investigated.
Besides the main test campaign, additional activities on the effects of mean stress, testing at reduced Fen, and different applications of hold time as well as biaxial fatigue tests have been carried out.
The paper is part of a special session for the dissemination of the project results. It summarizes the tests performed during the project and provides the basis for the project conclusions in a different paper in the same session.
Method and Application of Pipeline Integrity Management Performance Evaluation
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Ming , Shi Lei , Li Xue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pipeline integrity management has been highly admitted by the international pipeline industry as its nature of proactive prevention. And since it was introduced into China, it has been widely favored by Chinese oil and gas pipeline operators. With more than 10 years’ continuous absorption, practice and technical innovation, China has achieved some progress in key technologies such as risk assessment, integrity evaluation and maintenance. However, it is undeniable that there is still a gap between domestic technology and the international advanced technology. In addition, the integrity management level of different pipeline enterprises in China varies. As a result, it is indispensable and advisable to set up a scientific management thinking of continuous improvement and to establish a long-term effective management mechanism. As the last step in the integrity management cycle, performance evaluation is the key to realize the improvement of integrity management level constantly by cycle. In this paper a performance evaluation method is established based on implementation process and management effect of integrity management. On account of requirements of current documents and standards, specific scoring rules concerning integrity management are proposed, and an evaluation tool is developed accordingly. With application of developed evaluation method and tool, the performance of a certain pipeline operator in a certain management period is evaluated, and problems and deficiencies have been identified during the management process, thus measures and suggestions for improvement given specifically. In the end, it is suggested this performance evaluation method be promoted and applied to realize its function of feedback and improvement.
Improved Bayesian Update Method on Flaw Distributions Reflecting Non-Destructive Inspection Result
Authors: Katsuyama Jinya , Miyamoto Yuhei , Lu Kai , Mano Akihiro , Li Yinsheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have developed a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code named PASCAL4 for evaluating the failure frequency of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) through consideration of neutron irradiation embrittlement and transients such as pressurized thermal shock events. It is well-known that flaw distributions, including flaw size and density, have an important role in the failure frequency calculations of a PFM analysis. NUREG-2163 report provides a methodology to obtain much more realistic flaw distributions based on a Bayesian updating approach by reflecting the non-destructive inspection (NDI) results, which is applicable for case when there are flaw indications through NDI. There may, however, be no flaw indications resulting after inspection of some RPVs. Therefore, we proposed likelihood functions applicable for both cases when flaws are detected and when there is no flaw indication as the NDI results. In the Bayesian updating method, the likelihood functions were applied to independently acquire the posterior distributions of flaw depth and density using the same NDI results. In this study, we further improve the likelihood functions to enable them to update flaw depth and density simultaneously. Based on this improved likelihood function, several application examples are presented where the flaw distributions are estimated by reflecting the NDI results through Bayesian update. In addition, PFM analyses are also performed considering those estimated flaw distributions. All the results indicate that the improved likelihood functions are useful for estimating flaw distributions.
Constraint Effect on Fracture Mechanics Evaluation for an Under-Clad Crack in a Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
Authors: Shimodaira Masaki , Tobita Tohru , Takamizawa Hisashi , Katsuyama Jinya , Hanawa Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For structural integrity assessment of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in JEAC 4206-2016, it is required that the fracture toughness (KJc) be higher than the stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a postulated under-clad crack (UCC) near the inner surface of RPV steel under the pressurized thermal shock event. Previous analytical studies showed a low constraint effect at the crack tip of an UCC, compared with that of a normal surface crack. Such a low constraint effect may increase the apparent KJc. In this study, we performed three-point bending (3PB) fracture toughness tests and finite element analysis (FEA) for RPV steel containing an UCC or a surface crack to quantitatively investigate the effect of cladding on the KJc. The FEAs considering the anisotropic property of the cladding successfully reproduced the load vs. load-line displacement curves obtained from the tests. We found that the apparent KJc for the UCC was considerably higher than that for the surface crack. FEA also showed that the constraint effect for the 3PB test specimen with the UCC was lower than that for the specimen with the surface crack owing to the cladding. Thus, a low constraint effect from an UCC may increase the apparent KJc.
Bayesian Uncertainty Evaluation of Charpy Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature for Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels
Authors: Takamizawa Hisashi , Nishiyama Yutaka , Hirano Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels can be predicted using the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shift obtained from Charpy impact tests. For the structural integrity assessment considering irradiation embrittlement, it is necessary to set margins for various uncertainties. It is important to understand what and how much factors contribute to the uncertainty. In the present study, a 34% credible interval value of Charpy DBTT at a 41J energy level (T41J) was evaluated by estimating the probability distributions of Charpy test data using Bayesian statistics. To fit the Charpy transition curves, a hyperbolic tangent with coefficients whose uncertainties depend on the test temperature was used. The probability distribution of T41J was estimated using Monte Carlo sampling and Bayesian inference. It was clarified that 34% of the credible-interval values of T41J before and after irradiation unchanged for base and weld metals when the number of specimens and test temperature were equivalent under un-irradiated and irradiated conditions. When the Charpy transition curve was determined by 12 specimens loaded in a surveillance test capsule, the estimated uncertainty of T41J was about 5 °C.
Qualification of a Non-Standard Piping Component for ASME Pressure Piping Applications
Authors: Haupt Ronald , Hirschberg Paul , Sindelar Mark , Kassar Maher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 1991 one of the authors of this paper coauthored a paper [1] on how to qualify a non-standard piping component for ASME B31.1 and B31.3 services. Since that time a number of ASME piping qualification standards have been written or are under development that affect how piping components should be qualified.
This paper updates the 1991 paper and uses a non-standard piping component, in this case a mechanical joint, to demonstrate a method to qualify non-standard piping components for ASME non-nuclear and nuclear services. The herein documented testing applies the various more current qualification requirements to meet ASME B31 and Section III, Class 2 and 3 Code service rules. The paper explains the intention of the various Code requirements, outlining the mechanical tests and calculations used to demonstrate ASME Code conformance.
This paper also discusses non-traditional piping failure mechanisms, mechanisms other than rupture and fatigue, such as component disassembly due to the component being a compression fitting. Similar non-traditional failure mechanisms are often encountered in other types of non-standard components such as clamps, flared and flareless joints, rolled and expanded joints, and proprietary components. The discussion of non-traditional failure mechanisms is extended to include how the tests for these failure mechanisms could translate into ASME pressure piping requirements to assure a safe piping system. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the ASME pressure piping Code requirements as they apply to non-standard piping component qualification.