bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MD Codes™: A Methodological Approach to Facial Aesthetic Treatment with Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Authors: de Maio Maurício 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients often seek aesthetic correction of facial deficiencies (e.g., lines and folds) that are rarely the underlying cause of dissatisfaction with their appearance. Use of a more holistic approach focused on improving the emotional messages of the face (e.g., looking less sad) may improve patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes. The MD Codes™ system was developed to increase clinician success rates by reducing variability in the technical aspects of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler treatment and focusing on addressing unfavorable emotional attributes of the face.

Methods
The MD Codes, or medical codes, represent specific anatomical subunits for injection of HA fillers. Each MD Code includes information regarding the target depth of injection, the proper delivery tool (needle or cannula) and delivery technique (e.g., aliquot, bolus, fanning), and the minimum product volume recommended to achieve visible, reproducible results (active number). During treatment planning, the appropriate MD Codes are selected using algorithms focused on lessening unfavorable facial attributes (a saggy, tired, sad, or angry look) and enhancing positive attributes (an attractive, younger, more contoured, or feminine [soft] or masculine look).

Results
Three case studies are presented to illustrate how the MD Codes and their algorithms were used to address sagginess, tiredness, and sadness in two women and one man.

Conclusions
MD Codes provide a universal symbolic language for reducing variability in injection technique. The platform provides user-friendly algorithms to help clinicians increase patient satisfaction by going beyond treatment of lines and folds and to focus on reducing unfavorable facial attributes.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Long-term survival and polyclonal immunoglobulin reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Eisfeld Christine , Eßeling Eva , Wullenkord Ramona , Khandanpour Cyrus , Reusch Julia , Mikesch Jan-Henrik , Reicherts Christian , Kerkhoff Andrea , Schliemann Christoph , Kessler Torsten , Mesters Rolf M. , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Lenz Georg , Stelljes Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite significant progress made in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the last decade, for patients with early relapse or rapidly progressing high-risk disease, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) might be an option leading to long-term survival. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 90 MM patients who received allogeneic SCT in our center between 1999 and 2017. We specifically assessed the association of impaired humoral immune reconstitution, referred to as immunoparesis, and post-transplant survival. Sixty-four patients received allogeneic SCT in relapse following 2–7 lines of therapy; 26 patients received upfront tandem autologous-allogeneic SCT. With a median follow-up of 76 months, OS and PFS were 52.6% (95% CI 42.9–64.3) and 36.4% (95% CI 27.6–47.9) at 2 years and 38.6% (95% CI 29.2–51.1) and 25.3% (95% CI 17.5–36.4) at 5 years, respectively. Receiving more than two therapy lines prior to transplantation was an independent risk factor for OS (HR 3.68, 95% CI 2.02–6.70) and PFS (HR 3.69, 95% CI 2.09–6.50). In a landmark analysis at day 200, prolonged immunoparesis was associated with reduced OS (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.14–9.11). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers an additional treatment element that may lead to long-term remission in selected patients with poor prognosis, probably exploiting graft-versus-myeloma effects. Immunoparesis could potentially serve as an indicator for impaired survival following allogeneic transplantation, an observation to be further studied prospectively.
Closed Unstretchable Knotless Ribbons and the Wunderlich Functional
Authors: Seguin Brian , Chen Yi-chao , Fried Eliot 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 1962, Wunderlich published the article “On a developable Möbius band,” in which he attempted to determine the equilibrium shape of a free standing Möbius band. In line with Sadowsky’s pioneering works on Möbius bands of infinitesimal width, Wunderlich used an energy minimization principle, which asserts that the equilibrium shape of the Möbius band has the lowest bending energy among all possible shapes of the band. By using the developability of the band, Wunderlich reduced the bending energy from a surface integral to a line integral without assuming that the width of the band is small. Although Wunderlich did not completely succeed in determining the equilibrium shape of the Möbius band, his dimensionally reduced energy integral is arguably one of the most important developments in the field. In this work, we provide a rigorous justification of the validity of the Wunderlich integral and fully formulate the energy minimization problem associated with finding the equilibrium shapes of closed bands, including both orientable and nonorientable bands with arbitrary number of twists. This includes characterizing the function space of the energy functional, dealing with the isometry and local injectivity constraints, and deriving the Euler–Lagrange equations. Special attention is given to connecting edge conditions, regularity properties of the deformed bands, determination of the parameter space needed to ensure that the deformation is surjective, reduction in isometry constraints, and deriving matching conditions and jump conditions associated with the Euler–Lagrange equations.
Neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies conceived by fresh or frozen embryo transfer compared to spontaneous conceptions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elias Flavia T. S. , Weber-Adrian Danielle , Pudwell Jessica , Carter Jillian , Walker Mark , Gaudet Laura , Smith Graeme , Velez Maria P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased in the last 2 decades and continuous surveillance is needed. This systematic review aims to assess the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes (preterm birth [PTB], low birth weight [LBW], small-for-gestationalage [SGA] and large for gestational-age [LGA]), in singleton pregnancies conceived by fresh or frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared to spontaneous conceptions.MethodsCohort studies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library (January 2019), and manual search. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) using random effects models in RevMan 5.3 andI-squared (I2) test > 50% was considered as high heterogeneity.ResultsAfter 3142 titles and abstracts were screened, 1180 full-text articles were assessed, and 14 were eligible. For fresh embryo transfer, the pooled ORs were PTB 1.64 (95% CI 1.46, 1.84);I2 = 97%; LBW 1.67 (95% CI 1.52, 1.85);I2 = 94%; SGA 1.46 [95% CI 1.11, 1.92];I2 = 99%, LGA 0.88 (95% CI 0.80, 0.87);I2 = 80%). For frozen, the pooled ORs were PTB 1.39 (95% CI 1.34, 1.44);I2 = 0%; LBW 1.38 (95% CI 0.91, 2.09);I2 = 98%; SGA 0.83 (95% CI 0.57, 1.19);I2 = 0%, LGA 1.57 (95% CI 1.48, 1.68);I2 = 22%).ConclusionsWhen compared with spontaneous pregnancies, fresh, but not frozen was associated with LBW and SGA. Both fresh and frozen were associated with PTB. Frozen was uniquely associated with LGA. Despite improvements in ART protocols in relation to pregnancy rates, attention is needed towards monitoring adverse neonatal outcomes in these pregnancies.
Hearing and hearing rehabilitation after obliteration of troublesome mastoid cavities
Authors: Geerse Simon , Bost Tim J. M. , Allagul Samira , de Wolf Maarten J. F. , Ebbens Fenna A. , van Spronsen Erik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of post-operative hearing threshold after revision surgery and obliteration of troublesome canal wall down mastoidectomy cavities (CWDMCs). The ability to use and tolerate conventional hearing aids (CHAs) was also evaluated.

Methods
A retrospective chart analysis of 249 patients with chronically draining CWDMCs who underwent revision surgery including obliteration of the mastoid cavity between 2007 and 2017 at the AMC location of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC) was performed. Patient characteristics, pre- and post-operative Merchant grade, surgical outcomes, pre- and post-operative hearing thresholds, and the ability/necessity to use a CHA or the ability/necessity to use a Bone Conduction Device (BCD) were recorded.

Results
Dry ears were found in 95% of the total cohort. Residual disease was detected in 1.6% during MRI follow-up with no residual cholesteatoma in the obliterated area. In 3.2% of the patients, recurrent disease was found. A significant improvement in mean air conduction level, mean bone conduction level, and mean air-bone gap (ABG) was found post-operatively (p < 0.05). For all types of ossicular chain reconstruction, a significant improvement in mean Pure Tone Average was observed (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with an indication for CHA was similar pre- and post-operatively (67% both pre- and post-operatively). The ability to use a CHA improved from 3% pre-operatively to 57% post-operatively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study shows that revision surgery and obliteration of CWDMCs enable successful CHA rehabilitation post-operatively. Upon this type of surgery, hearing thresholds improve significantly, but the need for rehabilitation with a CHA remains necessary in most cases.
A systematic review and meta-analyses of pregnancy and fetal outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis: a contribution from the IMI2 ConcePTION project
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Geissbühler Yvonne , Sabidó Meritxell , Turkson Moise , Wahlich Charlotte , Morris Joan K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeurologists managing women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) need information about the safety of disease modifying drugs (DMDs) during pregnancy. However, this knowledge is limited. The present study aims to summarize previous studies by performing a systematic review and meta-analyses. The terms “multiple sclerosis” combined with DMDs of interest and a broad profile for pregnancy terms were used to search Embase and Medline databases to identify relevant studies published from January 2000 to July 2019.1260 studies were identified and ten studies met our inclusion criteria. Pooled risk ratios (RR) of pregnancy and birth outcomes in pregnancies exposed to DMDs compared to those not exposed were calculated using a random effects model. For spontaneous abortion RR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.99–1.32, for preterm births RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.72–1.21 and for major congenital malformations RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.47–1.56. The most common major congenital malformations reported in MS patients exposed to MS drugs were atrial septal defect (ASD) (N = 4), polydactyly (N = 4) and club foot (N = 3), which are among the most prevalent birth defects observed in the general population. In conclusion, interferons, glatiramer acetate or natalizumab, do not appear to increase the risk for spontaneous abortions, pre-term birth or major congenital malformations. There were very few patients included that were exposed to fingolimod, azathioprine and rituximab; therefore, these results cannot be generalized across drugs. Future studies including internal comparators are needed to enable treating physicians and their patients to decide on the best treatment options.
Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Afshar Mehdi H. , Şorman Ali Ünal , Tosunoğlu Fatih , Bulut Burak , Yilmaz M. Tugrul , Danandeh Mehr Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate change, one of the major environmental challenges facing mankind, has caused intermittent droughts in many regions resulting in reduced water resources. This study investigated the impact of climate change on the characteristics (occurrence, duration, and severity) of meteorological drought across Ankara, Turkey. To this end, the observed monthly rainfall series from five meteorology stations scattered across Ankara Province as well as dynamically downscaled outputs of three global climate models that run under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios was used to attain the well-known SPI series during the reference period of 1986–2018 and the future period of 2018–2050, respectively. Analyzing drought features in two time periods generally indicated the higher probability of occurrence of drought in the future period. The results showed that the duration of mild droughts may increase, and extreme droughts will occur with longer durations and larger severities. Moreover, joint return period analysis through different copula functions revealed that the return period of mild droughts will remain the same in the near future, while it declines by 12% over extreme droughts in the near future.
Eu1 − xSrxAu4Cd2: a ferromagnetic solid solution with adjustable Curie temperature
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Bönnighausen Judith , Klenner Steffen , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSamples of the solid solution Eu1–xSrxAu4Cd2(YbAl4Mo2type, space groupI4/mmm) withx = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were synthesized from the elements by annealing in sealed tantalum ampoules. The structures of Eu0.66Sr0.34Au4.12Cd1.88and Eu0.22Sr0.78Au4.10Cd1.90were refined from X-ray single crystal diffractometer data. Besides the expected Eu/Sr mixing on the 2asites the diffraction data revealed also a small degree of Cd/Au mixing on the 4dsites of the cadmium chains. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data show divalent europium and ferromagnetic ground states for all samples and a linear decrease of the Curie temperature from 16.3 K for EuAu4Cd2to 2.9 K for Eu0.2Sr0.8Au4Cd2. Magnetization isotherms characterize the Eu1 − xSrxAu4Cd2samples as soft ferromagnets. The divalent nature of europium is underpinned by151Eu Mössbauer spectra. The decreasing Curie temperature goes along with a decreasing magnetic hyperfine field at 6 K.Graphic abstract
Substrate specificity among Diptera in decaying bioenergy wood: can they be conserved by the same measures as are currently applied to beetles?
Authors: Jonsell Mats , Widenfalk Lina A. , Hellqvist Sven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough threatened by forestry, our knowledge concerning saproxylic insects is strongly biased towards well-known orders, mainly beetles (Coleoptera). The beetles have, therefore, formed the basis on which conservation measures of other groups have been formulated. Despite being more species-rich, the Diptera have been rather neglected. Moreover, our limited knowledge of the Diptera suggests that their demands on the dead wood substrate differ markedly from that of coleopterans. We tested if this is true by comparing the substrate requirements of dipteran and coleopteran species by analysing the affinities of species assemblages for logging residues differing in age, size, and tree species. Insects were reared out from the same samples of bioenergy wood from clear-cuts in Sweden. 15 species of Brachyceran flies were compared with 56 species of Coleoptera. We found the average level of specialisation to be similar between the two groups, but the dipterans had (contrary to the expectations) a higher proportion of specialists. Affinities for differently aged wood were similar. More dipterans than beetles were associated with the coarsest wood (diameter 9 cm–15 cm). More dipterans than beetles tended to be associated with aspen (Populus tremula), while Coleoptera tended to be more associated than Diptera with oak (Quercus) and spruce (Picea abies). We conclude that most recommendations for conserving the saproxylic beetle fauna also seem to benefit dipterans, but that the dipterans might be even more sensitive to which qualities of the wood that is preserved. The high conservation value of aspen is already recognised and our results for dipterans strengthen this. The high incidence of many dipteran species in logging residues suggests that many dipterans use sun-exposed environments.
The self-effacing functionality of blame
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper puts forward an account of blame combining two ideas that are usually set up against each other: that blame performs an important function, and that blame is justified by the moral reasons making people blameworthy rather than by its functionality. The paper argues that blame could not have developed in a purely instrumental form, and that its functionality itself demands that its functionality be effaced in favour of non-instrumental reasons for blame—its functionality isself-effacing. This notion is sharpened and it is shown how it offers an alternative to instrumentalist or consequentialist accounts of blame which preserves their animating insight while avoiding their weaknesses by recasting that insight in an explanatory role. This not only allows one to do better justice to the authority and autonomy of non-instrumental reasons for blame, but also reveals that autonomy to be a precondition of blame’s functionality. Unlike rival accounts, it also avoids the “alienation effect” that renders blame unstable under reflection by undercutting the authority of the moral reasons which enable it to perform its function in the first place. It instead yields a vindicatory explanation that strengthens our confidence in those moral reasons.
Dyslexia Candidate Gene and Ciliary Gene Expression Dynamics During Human Neuronal Differentiation
Authors: Bieder Andrea , Yoshihara Masahito , Katayama Shintaro , Krjutškov Kaarel , Falk Anna , Kere Juha , Tapia-Páez Isabel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with complex genetic mechanisms. A number of candidate genes have been identified, some of which are linked to neuronal development and migration and to ciliary functions. However, expression and regulation of these genes in human brain development and neuronal differentiation remain uncharted. Here, we used human long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES, here termed NES) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to study neuronal differentiation in vitro. We characterized gene expression changes during differentiation by using RNA sequencing and validated dynamics for selected genes by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, we found that genes related to cilia were significantly enriched among upregulated genes during differentiation, including genes linked to ciliopathies with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We confirmed the presence of primary cilia throughout neuronal differentiation. Focusing on dyslexia candidate genes, 33 out of 50 DD candidate genes were detected in NES cells by RNA sequencing, and seven candidate genes were upregulated during differentiation to neurons, including DYX1C1 (DNAAF4), a highly replicated DD candidate gene. Our results suggest a role of ciliary genes in differentiating neuronal cells and show that NES cells provide a relevant human neuronal model to study ciliary and DD candidate genes.
The revised Edward Zigler Yale-Personality Questionnaire (EZPQ) for persons with intellectual disability: A new four-factor structure in confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Gacek Michal , Krzywoszanski Lukasz , Fusinska-Korpik Agnieszka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZigler’s theory assumes that due to frequent negative personal experiences, persons with intellectual disability are likely to develop specific personality traits which hinder their functioning. The Edward Zigler-Yale Personality Questionnaire (EZPQ) is a measure that allows these traits to be assessed. However, studies in which the measure was used report problems with its factorial structure and reliability. We evaluated the psychometric properties of EZPQ in three consecutive studies conducted in three different samples of 336, 330, and 310 students with mild and moderate intellectual disability. By making successive modifications to the original version of the EZPQ, we developed and validated a revised four-factor version of the questionnaire that consists of 16 items (EZPQ-16R). The factors we identified corresponded to the following traits: readiness to explore, assignment alacrity, negative-reaction tendency, and support dependence. The reliability of the new gauge was high, and its validity was confirmed in correlational analyses with other measures of personality and adjustment. The four traits that were identified are directly derived from Zigler’s theory, thus giving a new perspective on the assessment of specific personality traits in persons with intellectual disability.
Sex Work Governance Models: Variations in a Criminalized Context
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Fuji , Porth Kerry 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Under current laws, sex workers are effectively criminalized, which can lead to harmful impacts beyond arrest and prosecution for sex work–specific offenses, including eviction, search and seizure, surveillance, harassment, and deportation. Although these laws are federal, they are realized in and by policy communities at the municipal level.

Materials and Methods
Based on a qualitative and inductive study of local policy actors affected by or involved in the implementation of prostitution laws, including 65 semistructured interviews in 2014, 2015, and 2016, we identify five different governance models within a shared legal framework of criminalization. We derive these models from an exploration of interactions among actors and organizations based in selected Canadian cities, all of which are bound by federal laws that criminalize the buying of sex thus effectively criminalizing prostitution.

Results
Our study surfaces a diversity of traditional and non-traditional policy players who interpret and implement prostitution laws or advocate for and support sex workers. Focusing on equilibrium moments in relationships among these actors, we identify ideational frames that appear to shape dynamics among them and, in turn, give rise to different governance models.

Conclusions
Our findings of different models within the same, overarching legal context are notable because it demonstrates the variability of a single law when it is implemented in local contexts. This is a contribution not just to understanding how prostitution is governed in particular contexts but also to policy and governance theory more generally. Our findings can serve in future, deductive studies that seek to determine the causes and implications of different governance models in the policy area of prostitution and beyond.
Coupled Mode Characteristics From the Perturbation of 3D Printed Long-Period Fiber Grating Devices
Authors: Khun-In Ravivudh , Usuda Yuji , Jiraraksopakun Yuttapong , Bhatranand Apichai , Yokoi Hideki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCharacteristics of electric field from a coupled mode inside an optical fiber under perturbation by three-dimensional (3D) printed long-period fiber grating (LPFG) device have been observed in this work by the experiment and simulation. The various periodic index differences referring to the weights of perturbation by 3D printed LPFG device are applied on the single-mode fiber. The experimental results show that the resonant wavelength shift is a linear function of the grating period with the maximum coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9995. Some of resonant wavelengths are chosen to run simulations to investigate the electric field distribution. The scattering direction of the electric field states the magnitude of leaking optical power when the light transmits through the grating region applied to the single-mode fiber. Both the experimental and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can usefully be applied to selective tunable filters, intruder sensors, etc.