bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmanlı Devleti Okmeydanlarında Menzil Okçuluğu Eğitimi
Authors: METİN Serkan Necati , UYSAL Ahmet 
Published: September 2020

Menzil okçuluğu ilk olarak nerede ve ne zaman yapıldığı kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte Türk tarihi için çok önemli bir yere sahip olan Dede Korkut hikayelerindeuzağa ok atmak olarak rastlanılmaktadır (Yücel, 2015:67).
Menzil Okçuluğu, Osmanlı Devleti’nin en önemli sporlarından biri olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü sadece menzil okçuluğu için hemen hemen bütün önemli şehirlerinde ok meydanı kurulmuştur. İlk ok meydanının nerede kurulduğuna dair ise çeşitli fikirler mevcuttur. Kunter, ilk ok meydanının Bursa da yapıldığını belirtirken (Kunter, 1942), Yücel, Edirne olarak bildirmiştir. Asıl olan ise 38 farklı meydan ve 100 den fazla menzil olduğudur (Yücel, 2015:69; Acar ve Özveri, 2017). Evliya Çelebi de Seyahatname adlı eserinde birçok şehirde ok meydanının varlığından söz etmiştir (Akın Zorba, 2014).
Osmanlı Devleti’nde menzil okçusu olabilmek yani kemankeş sayılabilmek için ahlaki ve fiziki yeterliliğe sahip olmak gerekirdi. Kemankeş eğitimi oldukça zorluydu. Meydanlarda atış yapmadan önce bir atıcının, bir üstatdan ilk olarak Küçük kabza ve Büyük Kabza alması gerekirdi(Güven, 1999). Atıcıların (kemankeş) yalnız iyi birer atıcı olması yetmezdi. Aralarında her türlü rekabetin üstünde, saygı ve sevgiye dayanan bir dostluk ve kardeşlik havasının esmesine de dikkat edilirdi. İhtiyarlara, kıdemli atıcılara ve üstada saygı göstermek şarttı. Risalelerde, ünlü okçuların bibyografileri verilirken sadece atıcılık gücü değil, aynı zamanda ne kadar sağlam bir kişilik ve karakter sahibi oldukları da belirtilirdi (Göksu, 2018).
Bu çalışmada menzil okçusu olabilmek için gerekli olan eğitimin sistematik ve bilimsel olarak nasıl verildiği üzerinde durularak menzil okçuluğu bağlamında bir eğitimi kurumu olarak okçuluğun şahsiyet ve değerler eğitimi boyutu da eldeki kaynaklar ışığında açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Developing microsurgical milestones for psychomotor skills in neurological surgery residents as an adjunct to operative training: the home microsurgery laboratory
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Sen Rajeev D. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Sekhar Laligam N. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
A variety of factors contribute to an increasingly challenging environment for neurological surgery residents to develop psychomotor skills in microsurgical technique solely from operative training. While adjunct training modalities such as cadaver dissection and surgical simulation are embraced and practiced at our institution, there are no formal educational milestones defined to help residents develop, measure, and advance their microsurgical psychomotor skills in a stepwise fashion when outside the hospital environment. The objective of this report is to describe an efficient and convenient “home microsurgery lab” (HML) assembled and tested by the authors with the goal of supporting a personalized stepwise advancement of microsurgical psychomotor skills.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the literature on previously published simulation practice models and designed adjunct learning modules utilizing the HML. Five milestones were developed for achieving proficiency with each graduated exercise, referencing the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) guidelines. The HML setup was then piloted with 2 neurosurgical trainees.

RESULTS
The total cost for assembling the HML was approximately $850. Techniques for which training was provided included microinstrument handling, tissue dissection, suturing, and microanastomoses. Five designated competency levels were developed, and training exercises were proposed for each competency level.

CONCLUSIONS
The HML offers a unique, entirely home-based, affordable adjunct to the operative neurosurgical education mandated by the ACGME operative case logs, while respecting resident hospital-based education hours. The HML provides surgical simulation with specific milestones, which may improve confidence and the microsurgical psychomotor skills required to perform microsurgery, regardless of case type.
PENJARINGAN DAN UJI HAYATI ISOLAT RHIZOBAKTERI PENAMBAT NITROGEN PEMACU TUMBUH DARI EKOSISTEM TANAH SALIN
Authors: Kusrachdiyanti Nubira Maisty , Khumairah F. H. , Hindersah R. , Simarmata T. 
Published: September 2020

Salinitas dan ketersediaan hara merupakan faktor pembatas utama pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman padi pada tanah salin. Rekayasa keraga man dan dominasi mikroba yang berperan sebagai pupuk dan agen hayati pada rhizozfir dapat dilkaukan sebagai alternatif pemupukan ramah lingkungan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan hara, toleransi dan produkvitas tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolat indigenus rhizobakteri penambat nitrogen dan pemacu tumbuh (RPN-PT) yang tolerant terhadap kondisi salin. Sebanyak 16 contoh tanah komposit diambil dari berbagai rhizosfir tanaman pada ekosistem salin di kabupaten Karawang. Selanjutnya, bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media Ashbys disalinkan untuk mendapatkan isolat rhizobakteri penambat N halotoleran. Uji hayati untuk mendapatkan isolat unggul potensial dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 16 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Kecambah padi ditumbuhkan pada media media Fahreus salin selama 21 hari. Respon yang diamati meliputi tinggi bibit, panjang akar, bobot kering akar dan pupus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolate memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot akar dan pupus. Isolat S4, S5 dan S16 mampu menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih tinggi,akar yang lebih panjang serta bobot kering lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan isolat yang lainnya. Temuan ini menunjukan bahwa isolat bakteri RPN-PT halo tolerant terpilih dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi dan potensial dikembangkan sebagai pupuk hayati untuk meningkatkan produkitvitas tanaman padi pada ekosistem salin
Kata kunci: Rhizobaketri, penambat N, RPN-PT, salinitas, uji hayati
O uso da vacina contra o vírus HPV e suas principais relações com o câncer do colo do útero
Authors: Silva Filho Paulo Sérgio da Paz , Morais Thayz Ferreira Lima , Cruz Erika Santos da , Castro Rhauanna Mylena Dos Santos , Borges Eldson Rodrigues , Aleluia Raquel Gomes Gonzalez , Chagas Douglas Bento das , Farias Maria Divina dos Santos Borges , Carvalho Neto Amadeu Luis de , Oliveira Jacyra Pereira , Fernandes Elizabeth Christina Silva , Lima Pablo Rafael Araújo , Oliveira Wallyson Rangel Ribeiro , Santos Joice Mara Ferreira dos , Pantoja Daniela Assunção , Oliveira Christianne Rodrigues de 
Published: September 2020

O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é oriundo da família Papillomaviridae e ao gênero Papillomavirus. É conhecido por ser um vírus sexualmente transmissíveis e não envelopados. Sendo causador de lesões anorretais como condiloma acuminado, carcinoma espinocelular e seu precursor, a neoplasia intraepitelial. As vacinas anti-HPV foram lançadas com o objetivo de prevenir a infecção pelo vírus, com isso, diminuir o desenvolvimento de neoplasias cervicais. Com isso o presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a importância da vacinação contra o vírus HPV e sua relação com o câncer do colo do útero. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, de caráter qualitativo uma vez que é definida como um tipo de investigação voltada para o aspecto qualitativo de uma determinada questão, Para a realização desse estudo, foram consultadas as bases de dados: MEDLINE, Scholar Google e SCIELO. Utilizou-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) de forma associada: “Papilomavírus Humano”, “Câncer do Colo do Útero”, “Vacina” e "Prevenção". Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, restaram 13 estudos. As vacinas efetivas e seguras contra HPV poderiam ser importantes instrumentos de prevenção de câncer do colo do útero em todo o mundo, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. A expectativa é que em 10 a 20 anos possa ocorrer redução das taxas de incidência das lesões precursoras desse câncer e, paulatinamente, a redução do câncer que é a segunda causa de morte de mulheres por neoplasias em todo o mundo.
Comportamento em saúde e perfil nutricional de idosos hipertensos
Authors: Sousa Erislandia Maria Silva , Leal Antônia Lucimary de Sousa , Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Macedo Juliana Bezerra , Moura Karine Rafaela , Macedo Glauber Bezerra , Luz Alyne Leal de Alencar 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o comportamento em saúde e o perfil nutricional de idosos hipertensos cadastrados no programa Hiperdia. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 60 idosos hipertensos. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevista e avaliação antropométrica. Para a entrevista foi utilizado formulário semi-estruturado que englobou variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao comportamento em saúde entre o período de novembro e dezembro de 2017. Resultados: reportando-se aos hábitos alimentares, o alimento mais consumido foi a massa. O índice de etilismo e tabagismo foi baixo (8,3% e 13,3%) respectivamente. Em relação ao índice de massa corporal 53,0% dos idosos se apresentaram eutróficos, contudo, houve prevalência de obesidade abdominal, com risco elevado para doenças cardiovasculares no sexo feminino, (48,3%). Conclusão: a avaliação do comportamento em saúde e do estado nutricional de idosos hipertensos é crucial para a prevenção de complicações e surgimento comorbidades.
SARS-CoV-2 effective breeding number estimation in Vitória de Santo Antão/PE, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Jucarlos Rufino de , Ferreira Denise Stéphanie de Almeida , Lima Filipe Mendonça de , Nascimento Gabriela Isabel Limoeiro Alves , Alves Dâmocles Aurélio Nascimento da Silva , Gomes Diego Alves , Santos André Luiz Pinto dos , Rocha João Silva , Cunha Ana Luíza Xavier , Piscoya Thaísa Oliveira Folha , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Holanda Romildo Morant de , França Manoel Vieira de , Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo , Piscoya Victor Casimiro , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Cunha Filho Moacyr 
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease with the SARS-CoV-2 virus as etiological agent, triggering a worldwide pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from the year 2019. Effective reproduction number expresses the viral spread potential, being favourable in determining the epidemiological outbreak behaviour; and in obtaining crucial information to identify the disease intensity and which interventions should be conducted. The study objective was to analyze COVID-19 transmissibility, in Vitória de Santo Antão/PE, municipality, Brazil. Therefore, and , indicators were estimated, which reflect the effective number of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduction among the Vitória de Santo Antão/PE population, within 107 days from the first confirmed case (covering the disease history to date). Results showed that, to date, measures have been sufficient to effectively reduce the epidemic transmissivity. However, even with slower epidemic growth, the population must remain alert and maintain social distance in order to flatten the curve. In addition, estimates can be understood correctly and therefore enable decisions to be made to help more efficiently control pandemic expansion.
Bruxismo Infantil e ansiedade associada à tecnologia: Estudo piloto clínico pautado em uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Xavier João Mykael Alves , Xavier Myllena Alves , Oliveira Natan Silva , Alves Pollianna Muniz , Costa Edja Maria Melo Brito , Soares Renata Souza Coelho , Oliveira Nadja Maria da Silva , Ribeiro Ana Isabella Arruda Meira 
Published: September 2020

Verificou-se a relação entre Bruxismo Infantil e ansiedade associada ao uso de dispositivos tecnológicos, através de um estudo clínico pautado em uma revisão integrativa. O escopo revisional foi realizado nas bases bibliográficas BVS, MEDLINE, BBO e LILACS, empregaram-se as palavras-chave "bruxismo", "crianças", "ansiedade" e "alfa-amilases", critérios de elegibilidade foram estabelecidos e seguidos para a seleção dos artigos. Na etapa clínica, os participantes entretiveram-se com um jogo digital, coletou-se uma amostra de saliva, antes e após o uso do dispositivo. Posteriormente procedeu-se o exame intraoral, mensuração da alfa-amilase-salivar (AAS) e aplicação de questionários. A média de idade dos participantes foi 8,4 anos (n=10). Dentre os pacientes com bruxismo, observou-se que (57,2%) acordam durante a noite, falam (60%), roncam (80%), relatam pesadelos (80%) e apertamento dentário (75%). O dispositivo mais utilizado foi celular/tablet (90%), com tempo médio semanal de (27h) (DP ± 6,05), não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias dos níveis de AAS antes e após a exposição ao jogo digital (teste T-Student, p-valor 0,653). Concluiu-se que a ansiedade é um fator que pode estar relacionado ao acometimento do Bruxismo Infantil. A maioria dos bruxômanos usuários de dispositivos tecnológicos possuíam hábito de apertar os dentes e qualidade do sono inferior aos que não tinham bruxismo. Os níveis de AAS mostram-se elevados antes e após a exposição ao jogo digital.
கூற்றுகளில் வெளிப்படும் மன உணர்வுகள்
Authors: Manimozhi T 
Published: September 2020

Claims are based on the mental feelings of the inner mantras in Sangam literature. Scholars have expressed happiness and regret at the comments. Such is also the case in Kapilar’s songs. The nature of the lovers is subtly stated. Kapilar has directly and indirectly expressed the emotion of the lover and the girlfriend. The expressions of the heart are expressed in the songs of the girlfriend and her friend. Kapilar has created feminine pride in his song. This way the girlfriend and her friend are perceived as the best qualities for women in the Sangam society..
Decoding the Battlelust: A Note on the Provocations to War in the Purananuru
Authors: Ali Nazir 
Published: September 2020

Unfettered by the tinais and turais by which the Purananuru is organized, this paper looks at the issues and subjectivities of the ancient Tamil society which determined its attitudes towards war. It includes in its narration not just the members of the royalty alone but every other stakeholder whose life was altered by war: the mother, the wife and the man himself. What the paper hopes to present is, by eschewing a theoretical framework, a world closer to the realities embodied and embedded in the poems of the Purananuru. Besides mapping the discourse of the society concerning war and heroism, it analyses the causes which frequently produced wars keeping the society in a state of perpetual volatility. Interestingly, it finds the glamorised world of the warrior co-existing with the gritty and often gruesome realities of the battlefield, with all its blood and gore.
தேசம் மக்களால் ஆனது கோட்பாட்டை வலியுறுத்திய மண்சுமந்த மேனியர் நாடகம்
Authors: Thevananth Thevanayagam 
Published: September 2020

Is in play. The play is made up of everyday life activities. The place where the action takes place is defined as the stage. Drama is the best of human language that uses verbal and physical devices to reflect life.The stage is seen as a process and is used as a tool to achieve human development goals. The stage is a way to understand the nature of aggression. This is a collaborative effort of many. It invites people there to engage in creative processes. Creativity is defined as a process by which innovation can be achieved.The platform of the oppressed emerges from the belief that the role of society in changing oppression and achieving liberation from oppression can be critically explained. But drama for social change and liberation from oppression; has been used for years. This study explores the potential dynamics of drama to achieve an ideal goal based on theatrical literature.Theatrical font intended for content analysis methodology. The forum has helped people in Jaffna, Sri Lanka to develop their problem-solving skills to eliminate oppression, empower and strategize. It used theatrical methods to break down internal and external oppression into everyday life and future challenges.This study looks at how the Mansumanthamaniyar play, produced by Jaffna University students in the mid-1980s, which saw the intensification of the Tamil liberation struggle in Sri Lanka, motivated the youth and the people towards liberation and emphasized the principle of ‘the nation became the people’.
இசுலாமியச் சமூகத்தில் ஊடாடும் சாதியப் படிநிலைகளுக்கிடையேயான உட்பூசல்கள் (இசுலாமியப் புதினங்களை முன்வைத்து)
Authors: Ameena Banu S 
Published: September 2020

The Indian entry into Islam is through Arab merchants, Sufis and various settlements. Islam used the classical literary forms of Tamils and folk literature as the main medium for its religious spread. The purpose of this article is to explore the issues of interaction within Islamic societies recorded in novels, contemporary literary forms of Islamic literature that continue to operate on such a historical surface.
இச்சா:ஈழத்தமிழரின் வலியும் வேதனையும் ததும்பிடும் துன்பியல் கதை
Authors: Murugesapandian N 
Published: September 2020

The struggle of the Eelam Tamils and the repression of the Sinhala chauvinist army against it have a long history dating back to 1981 until the 2009 Mullivaikkal massacre.The atrocity of desecrating human bodies without any virtue has taken place naturally in Sri Lanka.The struggles of the movements for Tamil liberation, especially the fierce war against the government by LTTE, brutal military attacks of the Sinhala chauvinist state, armed struggle against LTTE with the support of the West, including India and China.Blood is pouring down the pages of Sri Lanka’ s history.The armed Eelam war led by Velupillai Prabhakaran in the history is incomparable; have a strong. The heroic wars of the LTTE was float in the air as indelible memories.The thirty-year armed struggle of Tamil Eelam is today became stories for future generations.A novel namely, Ichaa written by Shobha sakti with the understanding that creation is a political activity, has emerged as a social critique.The uniqueness of Ichaa’ novel is that it questions the politics of power embedded in the destruction of human dignity and values. This article expands into a cross-sectional critique of Ichaa novel, written in a political context of the past.
குழந்தை மொழி
Authors: Nirmal Karunakaran T 
Published: September 2020

Valluvar says of the child’s language, “He who does not listen to the words of his people.” The language of the child is different from the language spoken by the children and the language spoken for the children.Children’s language is the way in which children absorb and reflect on the element that parents speak in their own language. Children’s cognition is related to the phonetic notes of the language spoken by those around them and to the phonetic notes of the properties of the objects.From the age of two to five, children perceive the sounds of words according to their comprehension and manipulate language with phonetic notes in response to them. Despite the differences in the languages used by man, there are still variations on the family language, the community language, and the written language.The child can understand the nature of such language changes according to his experience in the difficulties that appear in its use of language.
வாதிரியார் இனத்தின் சமூக பொருளாதார வாழ்க்கை முறை
Authors: Kaliyanikumar M , Chellappa A 
Published: September 2020

Folk handicrafts are also created for the purpose of utilization. The techniques for these are traditionally and often caste-based. Artisans engaged in the industry use minimal tools to produce handicrafts using locally available raw materials.
Impact of psycho-social stress levels on clinical profile of acute central serous chorioretinopathy patients
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Ambiya Vikas , Gupta Ayon 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: To study the impact of the level of psycho-social stress on varied clinical presentations of acute Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 83 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy who presented to our out-patient department. All confirmed cases of acute CSCR were subjected to a questionnaire based on social readjustment rating score which included 43 life events that analyzed if psycho-social stress contributed to their present illness. Patients underwent a comprehensive ocular evaluation including best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination of anterior segment, fundus examination using slit lamp with a contact lens or non-contact lens, indirect ophthalmoscopy, digital fundus photography, of Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomogram(SD-OCT) and Fundus FluoresceinAngiography(FFA). The stress scores obtained were statistically analyzed with clinical and angiographic parameters obtained in patients.
Results:A total of 83 patients were included in the present study. 72(86.74%) patients were males,the majority of them presenting with unilateral involvement (n=70; 84.33%). The prevalence of stress level was mild in 5(6.02%); moderate in 31(37.34%) and severe in 47(56.62%) subjects. Severe level of psycho-social stress was significantly associated with bilateral presentation of serous detachment in posterior pole of fundus (17/47; p-value=0.04)as well as multiple angiographic leaks on FFA(19/50; p-value=0.03).
Conclusion:Higher levels of psycho-social stress can lead to more severe forms of presentation in acute CSCR with a possible sub-optimal visual recovery. Avoidance of stress and relaxation therapies can help in preventing severe forms of acute CSCR.
EFFECTIVITY OF PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY PROCEDURE IN PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT (RRD
Authors: Soedarman Soefiandi , Sjamsoe Soedarman , Girsang Waldensius , Elvioza Elvioza , Agustiawan Referano , Adriono Gitalisa Andayani 
Published: September 2020

Aim : To evaluate the effectiveness of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with respect to single operation success (SOS) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Method : This retrospective review comprised 8 eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with superior break that undergone pneumatic retinopexy as the initial procedure between 2009-2014 at Jakarta Eye Center, Indonesia.
Result : The mean age of subjects was 49 ± 14.35 years. Four subjects (50%) had Single operation had only done success after 6 months of observation. The eyes that failed single procedure underwent vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade. Subjects that only done single procedure had better BCVA (0.01 ± 1,3 logMAR) compare to subjects that done secondary procedure (0.3 ± 0.42 logMAR) after 6 months of observation.
Conclusion : Pneumatic retinopexy is still an effective procedure for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with superior breaks although in our study the single operation success was 50%.
Development of common wheat lines with the 1BL/1RS translocation linked with the allele Glu-B1al
Authors: Kozub N.A. , Sozinov I.A. , Bidnyk G.Ya. , Demianova N.A. , Sozinova O.I. , Karelov A.V. , Blume Ya.B. , Sozinov A.A. 
Published: September 2020

A number of F6 winter common wheat lines that carry the wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation of the Kavkaz type with respective resistance genes linked with high bread-making quality allele Glu-B1al have been developed via marker selection among F2 plants from the cross B16 × Odesskaya krasnokolosya. The SDS-sedimentation value in these lines proved to be in most cases similar to that of the cultivar Bezostaya 1. The lines may be used as a source of the 1BL/1RS translocation linked with the high-quality allele Glu-B1al, which compensates for the negative effect of this translocation on bread-making quality.