bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular alterations in Hürthle cell neoplasms of thyroid: A fine needle aspiration cytology study with cytology‐histology correlation
Authors: Gilani Syed M. , Ross Julia A. , Prasad Manju L. , Hammers Lynwood , Cai Guoping , Adeniran Adebowale J. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHürthle cell features are frequently observed on the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of thyroid nodules and often pose a diagnostic challenge because of a significant overlap between cytomorphologic features seen in benign and malignant lesions. Molecular alterations (MAs) associated with these lesions are not well described. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the molecular profile of Hürthle cell lesions classified as Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) on cytologic evaluation.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed their electronic database for cytologic diagnoses of HCN from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2020.ResultsIn total, 279 cases from 275 patients who had a diagnosis of HCN were included in the study. Molecular testing results were available in 85 cases (51 with MAs and 34 without MAs) and, of those, 42 had histologic follow‐up available. Eight of 10 malignant cases had MAs, whereas the remaining 2 cases were negative for MAs. The most frequently encountered predominant genetic alterations or classifier findings were chromosome copy number alterations (n = 15), followed by NRAS (n = 8), KRAS (n = 7), suspicious (n = 6), EIF1AX (n = 4), TSHR (n = 3), gene overexpression (n = 3), positive microRNA classifier (n = 2), and 1 each of BRAF K601E, TERT, and HRAS mutations. One hundred thirty‐seven cases had histologic follow‐up available; of those, 28 were classified as malignant, and 109 were classified as benign (neoplastic and nonneoplastic). The overall risk of malignancy associated with HCN was 20%, and the risk of HCN with MAs was 25%.ConclusionsThe cytologic diagnosis of HCN includes various MAs without any obvious trend, and most malignant cases (80%) have some type of MA.
Measuring and describing the discoloration of liquid foundation
Authors: Yan Yuchun , Lee Juhyun , Hong Jongin , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough it is widely known that the foundation color gradually changes over time after applying the makeup, no scientific clues are available, thereby remaining the “darkening” phenomenon equivocal. This study measured the discoloration of liquid foundations and suggested indices to describe the discoloration over time. Four liquid foundations were applied to opacity charts with a thickness of 100 μm, the surface color was obtained using a non‐contact spectrophotometer, and reported in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space. A long‐term measurement for 24 hours was conducted in that the initial 2 hours were measured with a 60‐second interval. The discoloration was observed as the decrease of both lightness and hue angle (h* of CIE L*C*h*) of liquid foundation over time. Different degrees and speed of color change were observed across the four foundations. Also, the discoloration was tested on three healthy human skins in 2‐hour intervals in repeated measurements. Positive correlations in changes of lightness and hue were found among the opacity charts and human skin. Furthermore, the study suggests indices, “Dt” and “TΔE” to describe the quantitative amount of discoloration over time and time duration of discoloration, respectively.
Developing dual‐resistant cassava to the two major viral diseases
Authors: Masinde Emily A. , Kimata Bernadetta , Ogendo Joshua O. , Mulwa Richard M. S. , Mkamilo Geoffrey , Maruthi Midatharahally N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are two important biotic constraints affecting cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in sub‐Saharan Africa, and the deployment of cassava varieties dually resistant to both diseases is the most effective and realistic way of reducing losses. Crosses were carried out between a Tanzanian local cassava cultivar (Namikonga) and a South American cassava genotype (AR37‐80) to develop dual‐resistant progenies, and they were evaluated for two seasons at Naliendele in Southern Tanzania, which is a CMD and CBSD hot spot area. The CMD‐resistant progenies had low foliar severities (≤1.8), similar to the CMD‐resistant parent. The CBSD‐resistant progenies had minimal foliar (≤2.0) and root necrosis (≤1.2) severities, similar to the CBSD resistant parent, whereas CBSD‐tolerant progenies had severe foliar severities up to 3.3 but minimal root necrosis severities (≤1.2). Traits with minimal environmental influence also had high heritability (≥0.65) and high selection accuracy (≥0.70), and they included CMD foliar symptoms, CBSD foliar symptoms at 6 mo after planting, root necrosis, root necrosis incidence, root weight, root number per plant, and harvest index. Correlation analysis showed that the presence of disease reduces usable roots, root weight, root number per plant, and harvest index. Dual resistance can improve yield as observed in Namar 050 and Namar 371, which had high root weights of 27.5 and 28.2 t ha−1 with high genetic gains of 56.1 and 58.5%, respectively. Dual‐resistant progenies identified were Namar 050, Namar 100, Namar 130, Namar 200, Namar 334, Namar 371, and Namar 479, as they had minimal CMD and CBSD symptom severities (≤2.0) and could be used for breeding cassava varieties with superior characteristics.
Increasing Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Efficiency through Cobalt‐Induced Intrastructural Enhancement and Electronic Structure Modulation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhu Yuanxin , Li Ziyao , Wang Yong , Wågberg Thomas , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrolytic water splitting using surplus electricity represents one of the most cost‐effective and promising strategies for hydrogen production. The high overpotential of the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) caused by the multi‐electron transfer process with a high chemical energy barrier, however, limits its competitiveness. Here, a highly active and stable OER electrocatalyst was designed through a cobalt‐induced intrastructural enhancement strategy combined with suitable electronic structure modulation. A carved carbon nanobox was embedded with tri‐metal phosphide from a uniform Ni−Co−Fe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocube by sequential NH3 ⋅ H2O etching and thermal phosphorization. The sample exhibited an OER activity in an alkaline medium, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 182 mV and displayed a small Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1, superior to the most recently reported OER electrocatalysts. Moreover, it showed impressive electrocatalytic durability, increasing by approximately 2.7 % of operating voltage after 24 h of continuous testing. The excellent OER activity and stability are ascribed to a favorable transfer of mass and charge provided by the porous carbon shell, synergistic catalysis between the three‐component metal phosphides originating from appropriate electronic structure modulation, more exposed catalytic sites on the hollow structure, and chainmail catalysis resulting from the carbon protective layer. It is foreseen that this successfully demonstrated design concept can be easily extended to other heterogeneous catalyst designs.
Adenomatous neuroendocrine tumors of the middle ear (MEANTs) with local invasion and lymph nodes metastasis: A brief report of a rare neoplasm
Authors: Yang Linlin , Asiry Saeed , Khader Samer N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdenomatous neuroendocrine tumors of the middle ear (MEANTs) are very rare neoplasms which are composed of both epithelial and neuroendocrine components. They have mostly bland histology and indolent biological behavior, yet they may recur and metastasize. Here we present a case of MEANT with ipsilateral local brain, bone and nerve invasion and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy in a 48 years old male with history of recurrent chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. The patient underwent an initial fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of an enlarged cervical lymph node followed by surgical excision of the tumor and immunohistochemistry which confirmed the diagnosis.
Unravelling androgens in sport: Altrenogest shows strong activation of the androgen receptor in a mammalian cell bioassay
Authors: Gillon Ashley , Ho Emmie N.M. , Chan George H.M. , Kauff Alexia , Hughes Gillian , Lund Rachel A. , Ashley Zoe , Wan Terence S.M. , Heather Alison K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAltrenogest is a commonly used progestogen for the suppression of oestrus and associated distracting behaviours that interfere with training and performance of female racehorses. The steroid is derived from 19‐nor testosterone and is structurally similar to the anabolic androgenic steroid, trenbolone. In this study, the relative androgen potency of altrenogest was determined by a kidney (HEK293) cell androgen bioassay. The HEK293 bioassay shows that in its pure form, altrenogest has a high relative potency compared with testosterone but is not as strong as β‐trenbolone. Our results also show that altrenogest is able to activate the androgen receptor at the concentrations relevant to the administration regime of racehorses and retains its activity ex vivo. Thus, we show unequivocally that altrenogest, a progestogen used widely in female racehorses, acts as a strong androgen in a mammalian cell bioassay.
Teaching during a pandemic: Using high‐impact writing assignments to balance rigor, engagement, flexibility, and workload
Authors: Reynolds Julie A. , Cai Victor , Choi Julia , Faller Sarah , Hu Meghan , Kozhumam Arthi , Schwartzman Jonathan , Vohra Ananya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created new challenges for instructors who seek high‐impact educational practices that can be facilitated online without creating excessive burdens with technology, grading, or enforcement of honor codes. These practices must also account for the possibility that some students may need to join courses asynchronously and have limited or unreliable connectivity. Of the American Association of Colleges and University's list of 11 high‐impact educational practices, writing‐intensive courses may be the easiest for science faculty to adopt during these difficult times. Not only can writing assignments promote conceptual learning, they can also deepen student engagement with the subject matter and with each other. Furthermore, writing assignments can be incredibly flexible in terms of how they are implemented online and can be designed to reduce the possibility of cheating and plagiarism. To accelerate the adoption of writing pedagogies, we summarize evidence‐based characteristics of effective writing assignments and offer a sample writing assignment from an introductory ecology course. We then suggest five strategies to help instructors manage their workload. Although the details of the sample assignment may be particular to our course, this framework is general enough to be adapted to most science courses, including those taught in‐person, those taught online, and those that must be able to switch quickly between the two.
Efficacy of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: deficiency of atrial natriuretic peptide and replacement therapy
Authors: Matsumoto Shingo , Nakazawa Gaku , Ohno Yohei , Ishihara Mai , Sakai Katsuaki , Nakamura Norihito , Murakami Tsutomu , Natsumeda Makoto , Kabuki Takayuki , Shibata Atsushi , Kida Keisuke , Konishi Masaaki , Ishii Shunsuke , Ikeda Takanori , Ikari Yuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsExogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may be a logical treatment for heart failure (HF) patients with ANP deficiency. Lower ANP concentrations may result from HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which also results in lower brain natriuretic peptide levels in HFpEF relative to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), although clinical features regarding circulating ANP in HFpEF and HFrEF have not been fully investigated during acute HF. Here, we characterized the differential regulation of circulating ANP and the efficacy of exogenous ANP (carperitide) in patients with acute HF, especially HFpEF.Methods and resultsSerum ANP levels before treatment and the diuretic effect of 0.0125 μg/kg/min of carperitide alone for the first 6 h were prospectively evaluated in 113 patients with acute HF who were divided into two groups: HFpEF vs. HFrEF. We mainly analysed the impact of baseline ANP levels and the presence of HFpEF on the diuretic effect of exogenous ANP. There was an inverse relationship between ANP levels and the diuretic effect of exogenous ANP (r2 = 0.19, P < 0.001). Patients with HFpEF had lower ANP levels (P < 0.001) and a greater diuretic effect of exogenous ANP than patients HFrEF (P < 0.001). HFpEF was an independent predictor of greater diuretic effect of exogenous ANP (P = 0.003), as with a lower baseline ANP level (P = 0.004).ConclusionsPatients with HFpEF might have an aspect of ANP deficiency and represent a promising therapeutic target for modulating circulating ANP.
Seven decades of hydrogeomorphological changes in a near‐natural (Sense River) and a hydropower‐regulated (Sarine River) pre‐Alpine river floodplain in Western Switzerland
Authors: Tonolla Diego , Geilhausen Martin , Doering Michael 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTHydropower alteration of the natural flow and sediment regime can severely degrade hydromorphology, thereby threatening biodiversity and overall ecosystem processes of rivers and their floodplains. Using sequences of aerial images, we quantified seven decades (1938/1942–2013) of spatiotemporal changes in channel and floodplain morphology, as well as changes in the physical habitats, of three floodplain river reaches of the Swiss pre‐Alps, two hydropower‐regulated and one near‐natural. In the Sarine River floodplain, within the first decades of hydropower impairment, the magnitude and frequency of flood events (Q2, Q10, Q30) decreased substantially. As a result, the area of pioneer floodplain habitats that depend on flood activity and sediment dynamic, such as bare sediments, decreased dramatically by approximately 95%. However, by 2013 vegetated areas had generally increased in comparison to the pre‐regulation period in 1943, indicating general vegetative colonization. Between 1943 and 2013, the active channel underwent essential narrowing (up to 62% width reduction in the residual flow reach) and habitat turnover rates were very low (5% of the total floodplain area changed habitat type five to six times). In contrast, from the 1950s onwards, the near‐natural floodplain of the Sense River experienced recurrent narrowing and widening, and frequent changes between bare and vegetated areas, reflecting the shifting habitat mosaic concept typical for natural floodplains. In the three reaches investigated, we found that the active floodplain width and erosion of vegetated areas were primarily controlled by medium to large floods (Q10, Q30), which combined with reduced time intervals between ordinary floods ≥ Q2 most likely mobilized streambed sediments and limited the ability of vegetation to establish itself on bare gravel bars within the parafluvial zone. These findings can contribute to restoration action plans such as controlled flooding and sediment replenishments in the Sarine and other floodplain rivers of the Alps. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Bioavailability Corrections for Nickel in Freshwaters for Australia and New Zealand Water Quality Guideline Development
Authors: Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , Stauber Jenny , Golding Lisa , Batley Graeme , Gissi Francesca , Adams Merrin , Binet Monique , McKnight Kitty , Schlekat Christian E. , Garman Emily , Middleton Ellie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bioavailability-based approaches have been developed for the regulation of metals in freshwaters in several countries. Empirical multiple linear regression (MLR) models have been developed for nickel that can be applied to aquatic organisms. The MLR models have been compared against the use of previously developed biotic ligand models (BLMs) for the normalization of an ecotoxicity dataset compiled for the derivation of a water quality guideline value that could be applied in Australia and New Zealand. The MLR models were developed from data for a number of specific species and were validated independently to confirm their reliability. An MLR modeling approach using different models for algae, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates performed better than either a pooled MLR model for all taxa or the BLMs, in terms of its ability to correctly predict the results of the tests in the ecotoxicity database based on their water chemistry and a fitted species-specific sensitivity parameter. The present study demonstrates that MLR approaches can be developed and validated to predict chronic nickel toxicity to freshwater ecosystems from existing datasets. The MLR approaches provide a viable alternative to the use of BLMs for taking account of nickel bioavailability in freshwaters for regulatory purposes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:113–126. © 2020 SETAC
Internet of Things backdoors: Resource management issues, security challenges, and detection methods
Authors: Hashemi Soheil , Zarei Mani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) technology is one of the successful and interesting products of ubiquitous wireless networks that beneficiate human life with the make use of smart devices. Many companies have a significant plan to develop and utilize the IoT benefits and futures. Context‐aware computing applications are extensively used anywhere and anytime but they may violate or abuse human privacy. For example, if an IoT healthcare resource like a pacemaker acts as a backdoor on a human body, human life will be in danger. Moreover, targeting the privacy of IoT users is much more catastrophic compared with targeting network security as well as network denial of service. In this article, we review the security vulnerabilities and prerequisite of the IoT resource management by pointing out to the IoT architecture in terms of the principal abstraction layer and summarize the corresponding IoT security terms. Next, we define IoT penetration testing, IoT backdoor types, backdoor severity, backdoor mechanism, and propose the corresponding backdoors detection techniques. Finally, we review the reported IoT backdoors and investigate the limitation of backdoors detection and highlight future directions.
Extracellular clusterin limits the uptake of α‐synuclein fibrils by murine and human astrocytes
Authors: Filippini Alice , Mutti Veronica , Faustini Gaia , Longhena Francesca , Ramazzina Ileana , Rizzi Federica , Kaganovich Alice , Roosen Dorien A. , Landeck Natalie , Duffy Megan , Tessari Isabella , Bono Federica , Fiorentini Chiara , Greggio Elisa , Bubacco Luigi , Bellucci Arianna , Missale Mariacristina , Cookson Mark R. , Gennarelli Massimo , Russo Isabella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe progressive neuropathological damage seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to be related to the spreading of aggregated forms of α‐synuclein. Clearance of extracellular α‐synuclein released by degenerating neurons may be therefore a key mechanism to control the concentration of α‐synuclein in the extracellular space. Several molecular chaperones control misfolded protein accumulation in the extracellular compartment. Among these, clusterin, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, binds α‐synuclein aggregated species and is present in Lewy bodies, intraneuronal aggregates mainly composed by fibrillary α‐synuclein. In this study, using murine primary astrocytes with clusterin genetic deletion, human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocytes with clusterin silencing and two animal models relevant for PD we explore how clusterin affects the clearance of α‐synuclein aggregates by astrocytes. Our findings showed that astrocytes take up α‐synuclein preformed fibrils (pffs) through dynamin‐dependent endocytosis and that clusterin levels are modulated in the culture media of cells upon α‐synuclein pffs exposure. Specifically, we found that clusterin interacts with α‐synuclein pffs in the extracellular compartment and the clusterin/α‐synuclein complex can be internalized by astrocytes. Mechanistically, using clusterin knock‐out primary astrocytes and clusterin knock‐down hiPSC‐derived astrocytes we observed that clusterin limits the uptake of α‐synuclein pffs by cells. Interestingly, we detected increased levels of clusterin in the adeno‐associated virus‐ and the α‐synuclein pffs‐ injected mouse model, suggesting a crucial role of this chaperone in the pathogenesis of PD. Overall, our observations indicate that clusterin can limit the uptake of extracellular α‐synuclein aggregates by astrocytes and, hence, contribute to the spreading of Parkinson pathology.
Socio‐economic predictors of time to care home admission in people living with dementia in Wales: A routine data linkage study
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Schnier Christian , Wilkinson Tim , North Laura , Gabbay Mark , Rodgers Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesLimited research has shown that people with dementia (PwD) from lower socio‐economic backgrounds can face difficulties in accessing the right care at the right time. This study examined whether socio‐economic status (SES) and rural versus urban living location are associated with the time between diagnosis and care home admission in PwD living in Wales, UK.Methods/DesignThis study linked routine health data and an e‐cohort of PwD who have been admitted into a care home between 2000 and 2018 living in Wales. Survival analysis explored the effects of SES, living location, living situation, and frailty on the time between diagnosis and care home admission.ResultsIn 34,514 PwD, the average time between diagnosis and care home admission was 1.5 (±1.4) years. Cox regression analysis showed that increased age, living alone, frailty, and living in less disadvantaged neighbourhoods were associated with faster rate to care home admission. Living in rural regions predicted a slower rate until care home admission.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to show a link between socio‐economic factors on time to care home admission in dementia. Future research needs to address variations in care needs between PwD from different socio‐economic and geographical backgrounds.