bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility, acceptability and benefit of interventions that target eating speed in the clinical treatment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Cox Jennifer S , Elsworth Rebecca , Perry Rachel , Hamilton-Shield Julian P. , Hinton Elanor C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Eating speed is positively correlated with higher BMI. Thus, modifying pace of eating may provide a treatment opportunity for those with overweight and obesity, which may have additional, longitudinal benefits if established in childhood. Researchers have designed interventions to help both adults and children reduce eating speed as a mechanism for weight-loss. These interventions include those that change the food that is eaten, those that use technology to support a slower eating speed, and those that work to change eating speed by cognitive means. This review seeks to understand the feasibility, acceptability and benefit to using eating speed in paediatric populations who have experienced such methods as part of a clinical weight-management programme.Methods: Clinical studies that use eating speed interventions as a treatment for paediatric patients (age 5–18 years) with overweight or obesity will be included in this review. No limits to language or search date will be implemented. A systematic search of the literature will be conducted using the following databases - MEDLINE, PyschINFO and EMBASE via OVID, Web of Science and JBI, Database of systematic reviews and Implementation reports, along with trial registers NICE, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A grey literature search will be conducted via OpenGrey, and by writing to experts in the field. Study quality will be assessed and meta-analyses for trials that use similar interventions and report similar outcomes will be undertaken where possible.Discussion: This review will synthesise evidence regarding the feasibility, acceptability and benefit of using eating speed interventions to develop a narrative review. An assessment of heterogeneity will be assessed and where there is sufficient data, we will carry out a meta-analysis; for example, on the secondary outcomes of BMISDS or eating speed change following the interventions.
Impacts Of Tumor Location On Prognosis Of Patients With Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhencheng , Luo Kunlun , Zhu Qingzhou , Xie Weixuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impacts of tumor location on the prognosis of patients with T1-3N0-1M0 gallbladder carcinoma(GBC) after radical surgery.Methods: Totally, 136 patients with stage T1-3 gallbladder carcinoma after radical surgery from 2000 to 2018 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to anatomic location of GBC (neck /body and fundus). The clinicopathological features and survival time were compared between these two groups. At last, in combination with the difference between the liver side and the peritoneal side of the tumor, survival analysis and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression models were performed in GBC patients with survival differences between gallbladder neck and body/fundus tumors.Results: The bile duct invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor growth pattern, jaundice, albumin, and tumor markers were significantly related to the tumors in neck of gallbladder(P<0.05). Besides, patients with GBC in body and fundus of gallbladder had a higher rate of appearing microscopic liver metastasis(P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that there was significant difference on patients with stage T2 GBC in different tumor location (neck /body and fundus), but no significant difference on stage T1 and T3. Further combining the differences between the liver side and the peritoneal side of the tumor, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, bile duct invasion, microscopic liver metastasis, tumor differentiation, and jaundice were deemed as prognostic factors according to univariable survival analysis. Among these factors, multivariable Cox analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and tumor location were independent prognostic factors for survival of patients with T2 GBC (P <0.05).Conclusions: Tumor location is an important prognostic factor for GBC, especially for the patients with T2 stage. Besides the survival differences between the hepatic-side and peritoneal-side tumors, tumor in neck is also one of the factors predicting the poor prognosis at T2 stage. GBC in neck was more prone to cause bile duct invasion, lymph node metastasis and jaundice. However, tumors in body and fundus were more likely to appear microscopic liver metastasis. Further refinement of the surgery for T2 GBC according to the tumor location may improve their survival time.
Fear of Childbirth in Chinese Pregnant Women and Their Preferred Mode of Delivery: Validation Study of the Chinese Version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/experience Questionnaire Version A
Authors: Lai Hei Tung Theodora , Kwok Shuk Tak , Wang Weilan , Seto Mimi Tin Yan , Cheung Ka Wang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Fear of childbirth causes significant distress and impact on women’s wellbeing. It also contributes to the rising trend of non-medically indicated Caesarean sections worldwide. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (Version A) (W-DEQ-A) is a comprehensive instrument for the assessment of fear of childbirth among antenatal women.
Methods

Hong Kong Chinese women at the antenatal booking clinic completed the translated questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, State-trait Anxiety Inventory and indicated their preferred mode of delivery. The validity and reliability of the translated questionnaire were analysed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient respectively. The subscales of the questionnaire were determined using exploratory factor analysis. The relationship between demographic data, preferred mode of delivery and the W-DEQ-A score were analysed using student’s t test, Mann-Whitney test or Pearson’s correlation.
Results

One hundred and fifty women completed the study. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability of the Chinese version were 0.907 and 0.867 respectively. Convergent validity was demonstrated with other psychological measures at expected levels. The mean W-DEQ-A score among the Hong Kong Chinese population is 65 out of 165, which is negatively correlated with gravidity, parity and partner support. Using a standard cut-off of 85, 11.3% women were found to suffer from fear of childbirth and it is associated with a history of psychiatric history. 72% and 22.7% women preferred vaginal delivery and Caesarean section respectively. Nulliparous women who preferred a vaginal delivery have a significantly lower score than those who preferred a Caesarean section, with mean (SD) W-DEQ-A scores of 67.1 (14.8) compared to 75.9 (15.9) (p = 0.036).
Conclusion

The Chinese version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (Version A) is a reliable and valid instrument to measure antenatal fear of childbirth among Chinese women. Clinicians can use this measure to assess the severity of women’s fear over the course of their pregnancy, and to monitor the success of any medical or psychological interventions for women with fear of childbirth in the future.
The Spatial and Temporal Probability of Dust Storm Activity in Chryse, One of the Tentative Landing Areas of Tianwen-1 Mission
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Jiang , Yue Zongyu , Yao Peiwen , Li Chenfan , Wang Biao , Fu Xiaohui , Ling Zongcheng , Chen Shengbo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dust storms, observed in all seasons, are among the most momentous Mars atmosphere activities. The Entry-Descent-Landing (EDL) activity of a Martian landing mission is influenced by local atmospheric conditions, especially the dust storm activity probability. It is of great significance to know well the dust storm situation that China's first Mars mission (Tianwen-1) may encounter in EDL season in the Chryse area, one of the tentative landing areas. Firstly, based on four Martian years’ Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Mars Daily Global Maps (MDGMs), 1172 dust storms were identified within Chryse’s 1600 km radius ring with their shape parameters extracted, including center, range and area. Secondly, the daily mean dust storm probability was calculated binned by 1° of solar longitude in the Chryse area during EDL season. Dust storm activity frequency was closely interrelated with the seasonal ebb and flow of the arctic polar ice cap, consequently, most of dust storms occurring in either the cap’s grow or the recession. The dust storm activity in the Chryse area mainly came from the northern polar cap region, Acidalia and Chryse, with some contribution from the southern hemisphere (Argyre and Bosprous) northward. Thirdly, we divided the Chryse area into many square grids of 0.5° and computed the average occurrence probability of dust storm in each grid during EDL season. The dust storm activity probability in space was also in-homogeneous, low in the west and south but high in the east and north, which was mainly affected by three factors: topography, the origin and the path of dust storm sequence. Based on Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, of the storms in the Chryse area we’ve discovered, 40.5% are cap-edge storms in the northern hemisphere and 17.5% are textured dust storms. Finally, according to the temporal and spatial probability of dust storm activity in the Chryse area during EDL season, we held that the preferred landing time of the Tianwen-1 mission in 2021 was in Ls=18°-65° and three preferred landing areas were selected with low dust storm probability.
Perceived social support and coping style as mediators between resilience and health-related Quality of Life in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Kaina , Li Lulu , Zhao Wenqian , Bai Xue , Zhang Mengyue , Han Dongfang , Li Xiaomei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer may impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We examined the mediating roles of perceived social support (PSS) and coping style (CS) in the relationship between resilience and HRQoL in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Methods: Four-hundred thirty-one patients completed a survey at two hospitals in Shaanxi Province, China using self-report measures assessing HRQoL, resilience, PSS, and CS. A one-sample t-test analyzed differences between resilience, PSS, and CS in breast cancer patients and the corresponding norm. Multivariate linear regression analyzed the independent predictors of HRQoL. The mediating roles of PSS and CS between resilience and HRQoL were investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Participants had significantly lower scores for resilience and PSS, and higher scores for the avoidance and resignation CSs than their corresponding norm. SEM analysis showed resilience had significant direct effects on PSS (B = 0.59, 95% CI [0.49, 0.68], P = 0.003), CS (confrontation: B = 0.53, 95% CI [0.44, 0.62], P = 0.001; resignation: B = -0.66, 95% CI [-0.74, -0.57], P = 0.002), and HRQoL (B range from 0.54–0.58). Resilience had significant indirect effects (B range from 0.09–0.27), and PSS and CS had significant direct effects on HRQoL (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients had lower resilience and PSS, and higher negative CSs. PSS and CS appeared to mediated the influence of resilience on HRQoL. Multimodal intervention programs focusing on PSS and CS might increase the influence of resilience on HRQoL in breast cancer patients.
Economic cost-benefit analysis for the agricultural use of sewage sludge treated with lime and fly ash
Authors: Hadas Efrat , Mingelgrin Uri , Fine Pinchas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A tool for calculating the economic and environmental impacts of the use of byproducts of industrial processes that can substitute for perishable resources is presented. This is exemplified by fly ash (the fine fraction of ash originating from coal burned to generate electricity and collected by filtering exhaust gases leaving the furnace), added to soil as a component of sewage sludge stabilized with fly ash and lime (NVS). Application to soil of NVS has potential agricultural and environmental advantages and disadvantages. The costs and benefits of such application were calculated using both a database and expert opinions. The calculations assumed a representative assemblage of soils and crops, with weights assigned to each crop type and soil characteristic. The annual weighted benefits (additional income for the farmer) and costs per hectare reached 324 $/He and 131 $/He respectively. Major potential benefits include: Chemical fertilizer replacement, 159 $/He; Improvement to the soil's physical properties, 75 $/He; Supply of vital trace elements, 33 $/He. Major potential costs are: Regulatory limitations on marketing of crops pending proof of absence of risk of heavy metals or radionuclides accumulation in these crops, (17 $/He and 36 $/He respectively); Application and incorporation cost, 50 $/He. The presented estimates of the costs and benefits refer to a hypothetical “representative soil” depicting a typical Israeli soil. It is possible to maximize potential benefits by applying fly ash only to the most suitable agricultural soils while improper use of fly ash will increase the costs incurred from its use.
Normal values and associated factors in high-resolution anorectal manometry in healthy Vietnamese adults
Authors: Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Tung Le Dinh , Khoa Ngo Xuan , Cuong Le Manh , Hung Nguyen Xuan , Hang Nguyen Thi Thu , Khanh Pham Phuc , Huy Nguyen Van , Kien Vu Duy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aims to identify normal HRAM values and related factors in healthy Vietnamese adults.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Viet Duc hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, during April and May, 2019. Healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the study. Anorectal measurement values including pressure and an electromyographical signal from the digestive tract were recorded. Differences between groups were analyzed using paired t-tests, and linear regression models was used to compare anorectal values between men and women.
Results

A total of the 76 healthy volunteers was recruited. The mean functional anal canal length was 4.2 ± 0.5 cm while the mean anal high-pressure zone (HPZ) length was 3.4 ± 0.5 cm. The mean defecation index was 1.4 ± 0.8, with values ranging from 0.3 to 5.0. The mean threshold volume to elicit RAIR was 18.1 mL. Mean rectal sensation values were 32.4 mL, 81.6 mL, and 159 mL at the first sensation, the desire to defecate, and the urge to defecate, respectively. Dyssynergic patterns occurred in approximately 50% of study participants and included mainly types I (27.6%) and III (14.6%). There were significant differences between males and females in maximum anal squeeze pressure, maximum anal cough pressure, maximum anal strain pressure, maximum rectal cough pressure, and maximum rectal strain pressure (all p < 0.01).
Conclusions

This study establishes normal HRAM values in healthy Vietnamese adults, particularly with regards to normal values of anorectal pressure and rectal sensation. Further studies that include larger sample sizes should be conducted in order to further confirm the constants and their relationships.
Does Household Perceptions Influence Enrolment Decisions into Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes in Tanzania?
Authors: Kagaigai Alphoncina , Anaeli Amani , Mori Amani Thomas , Grepperud Sverre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several countries including Tanzania, have established voluntary non-profit insurance schemes, commonly known as community-based health insurance schemes (CBHIs), that typically target rural populations and the informal sector. This paper considers the importance of household perceptions towards a CBHIs in Tanzania and their role in explaining the enrolment decision of households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional household survey that involves 722 households located in Bahi and Chamwino districts in Dodoma region. A three-stage sampling procedure was used, and the data were analyzed using both factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Statistical tests such as Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) for sampling adequacy, and the Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency and scale reliability were performed to examine the suitability of the data for PCA and FA. Finally, multivariate logistic regressions were run to determine the associations between the identified factors and the insurance enrolment status. Results: PCA identified 7 perception factors while FA identified 4 factors. The quality of healthcare services, preferences (social beliefs), and accessibility to insurance scheme administration (convenience) were the common most important factors identified by the two methods. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that the factors identified from the two methods differed somewhat in importance when considered as independent predictors of the enrollment status. The most important perception factors in terms of strength of association (odds ratio) and statistical significance were accessibility to insurance scheme administration (convenience), preferences (beliefs), and the quality of health care services. Age and income were the only demographic characteristics that were significant. Conclusion: Household perceptions influence households’ decisions to enroll in CBHIs. Policymakers should recognize and consider the role of perceptions when designing policies that aim to increase the enrolment into CBHIs.
The Design and Implementation of an Undergraduate Health Professional Degree Elective Course on Scientific Writing, Peer Assessment and Critical Appraisal
Authors: Osman Aisha , Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Hussain Farhat Naz , Riaz Sadaf , Elewa Hazem , Mraiche Fatima 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background.

Describe the design, delivery and impact of a course delivered in an undergraduate pharmacy program with students whose first language is not English. The aim of this course is to develop pharmacy students’ scientific writing, peer assessment and critical appraisal skills.
Methods.

The course is offered in the final year of an undergraduate pharmacy program. In this course, students wrote two structured pharmacy review articles (PRA) based on assigned scientific research articles and peer assessed each others’ written PRAs. Students also critically appraised scientific research articles on a weekly basis, completed one pre-journal club written reflective critique based on a assigned scientific research article and moderated one journal club session.
Results.

Course rubrics were developed and validated by the course coordinators. A survey that was administered to students enrolled in the course identified that 85% of the students perceived that they gained adequate writing skills in the course. More than 70% of the students indicated they had the necessary skills to evaluate their peers’ written assessments and 93% felt comfortable providing and receiving feedback from peers. More than 90% of the students indicated that their understanding of the primary research articles assigned improved as a result of their contribution to the peer assessment process and writing of PRAs.
Conclusion.

This course improved students scientific writing, peer assessment and critical appraisal skills. Further practice is required to reinforce the skills learned and to strengthen the writing skills of students.
Research on the diagnosis and treatment of the dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine based on machine learning
Authors: tang yuqi , Yang Dongdong , Li Zechen , Fang Yu , Gao Shanshan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Insomnia as one of the dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively studied in recent years. To explore the novel approaches of research on TCM diagnosis and treatment, this paper presents a strategy for the research of insomnia based on machine learning. Methods: First of all, 654 insomnia cases have been collected from an experienced doctor of TCM as sample data. Secondly, in the light of the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment, the contents of research samples have been divided into four parts: the basic information, the four diagnostic methods, the treatment based on syndrome differentiation and the main prescription. And then, these four parts have been analyzed by three analysis methods, including frequency analysis, association rules and hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally, a comprehensive study of the whole four parts has been conducted by random forest. Results: Researches of the above four parts revealed some essential connections. Simultaneously, based on the algorithm model established by the random forest, the accuracy of predicting the main prescription by the combination of the four diagnostic methods and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation was 0.85. Furthermore, having been extracted features through applying the random forest, the syndrome differentiation of five zang-organs was proven to be the most significant parameter of the TCM diagnosis and treatment.Conclusions: The results indicate that the machine learning methods are worthy of being adopted to study the dominant diseases of TCM for exploring the crucial rules of the diagnosis and treatment.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Repeatability and Reliability of Three-Dimensional Postoperative Evaluation Software in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Konno Kenta , Hagiwara Shigeo , Nakamura Junichi , Yoh Satoshi , Yoshino Kensuke , Nawata Kento , Sugano Masahiko , Kawarai Yuya , Orita Sumihisa , Eguchi Yawara , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the reliability of measurement of the alignment and position of the prosthetic components after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT)-based postoperative evaluation software.Methods: We evaluated the postoperative CT data from 20 hips in 20 patients, using postoperative evaluation software. The alignment and three-dimensional positioning of the cup and stem were assessed by eight orthopedic surgeons for repeatability (intraobserver reliability) and reproducibility (interobserver reliability) of postoperative evaluation software using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). The radiographic inclination (RI) and radiographic anteversion (RA) of the cup, and anteversion, varus-valgus angle and flexion-extension angles of the stem were measured for alignment. The implant positioning was measured along three axes, X-axis (transverse), Y-axis (sagittal), and Z-axis (longitudinal).Results: The intra- and inter-observer ICC of alignment measurement were very good for both cup and stem (0.86–1.00). The intra-observer and inter-observer ICC of cup positioning were very good in X-axis and Y-axis (0.91–0.94) and good in Z-axis (0.68–0.80). The intra-observer and inter-observer ICC of implant positioning were very good for the stem (0.98–0.99) for all axes.Conclusion: CT-based postoperative evaluation software was able to evaluate the position of total hip implants with high reproducibility.