bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Institutional Arrangements for Collaborative Governance of Forests in Kenya Using a Delphi Process
Authors: Ming’ate Felix Lamech Mogambi , Letema Sammy , Obiero Kennedy 
Published: December 2019

The focus of the study is to examine the institutional arrangement for forests governance in Kenya to understand the important design issues that can improve their performance in the delivery of sustainable livelihoods and conserve forests as they have been previously regarded as problematic. The study uses the Delphi technique to assemble information from 46 experts with vast experience in collaborative governance of forests in developing countries. The researchers then developed four questions which were asked across all the study experts. In the second round, all the expert responded to the four open-ended questions and all the qualitative results were analyzed manually by grouping them into interquartile ranges and only those issues that were above the 75th interquartile range were retained. In the subsequent third round of the Delphi technique the experts gave their answers, the responses were collated and returned to each respondent who then was invited to revise his/her estimates or to specify the reasons for remaining outside the consensus. In the fourth and final round, again, the responses were assembled and reported back to the participants to justify his/her position, whether or not he wishes to change his/her position. The results show that the Delphi technique has the potential for studying institutional design for collaborative governance of forests. The study recommends that the important issues identified can be used to help in the formulation of collaborative governance institutional design policies.
Reversible Water Transportation Diode: Temperature‐Adaptive Smart Janus Textile for Moisture/Thermal Management
Authors: Wang Yuanfeng , Liang Xin , Zhu He , Xin John H. , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Air‐conditioning” textiles with thermal‐ or moisture‐managing functions are of high interest for not only improving human comfort but also reducing energy consumption. However, making the textile sensitive to the surrounding environment and exhibit adaptive thermal/moisture management still remains a great challenge. Herein, a double‐sided synergetic Janus textile is developed, featuring reversible diode‐like water transportation and adjustable thermal convection upon temperature change. The incorporated responsive polymer networks with inverse transitions on the opposite sides provide synergistic surface energy gradients and capillary gradients that generate drying and cooling effects (with 50% faster water evaporation and 1.2–2.3 °C cooler than with cotton fabric) in hot weather while offering thermal preservation (120 s longer needed to be cooled down and maximumly 3.3 °C warmer than with cotton fabric) in a cold environment. This method could provide ideas for the development of more adaptive textiles and clothing to address maximum personal comfort in demanding situations.
Dry Mechanochemical Synthesis of Highly Luminescent, Blue and Green Hybrid Perovskite Solids
Authors: Martínez‐Sarti Laura , Palazon Francisco , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA simple method to obtain bright photoluminescent wide bandgap mixed‐halide 3D perovskites is reported. The materials are prepared by dry mechanochemical synthesis (ball‐milling) starting from neat binary precursors, and show enhanced photoluminescence upon the addition of an adamantane derivative in the precursors' mixture. The structural characterization suggests that the additive does not participate in the crystal structure of the perovskite, which remains unvaried even with high loading of amantadine hydrochloride. By simple stoichiometric control of the halide precursors, the photoluminescence can be finely tuned from the UV to the green part of the visible spectrum. Photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 29% and 5% have been obtained for green‐ and blue‐emitting perovskite solids, even at very low excitation densities.
Reversing Interfacial Catalysis of Ambipolar WSe2 Single Crystal
Authors: Wang Zegao , Wu Hong‐Hui , Li Qiang , Besenbacher Flemming , Li Yanrong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Dong Mingdong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn improved understanding of the origin of the electrocatalytic activity is of importance to the rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, an ambipolar single‐crystal tungsten diselenide (WSe2) semiconductor is employed as a model system where the conductance and carrier of WSe2 can be individually tuned by external electric fields. The field‐tuned electrochemical microcell is fabricated based on the single‐crystal WSe2 and the catalytic activity of the WSe2 microcell is measured versus the external electric field. Results show that WSe2 with electrons serving as the dominant carrier yields much higher activity than WSe2 with holes serving as the dominant carrier even both systems exhibit similar conductance. The catalytic activity enhancement can be characterized by the Tafel slope decrease from 138 to 104 mV per decade, while the electron area concentration increases from 0.64 × 1012 to 1.72 × 1012 cm−2. To further understand the underlying mechanism, the Gibbs free energy and charge distribution for adsorbed hydrogen on WSe2 versus the area charge concentration is systematically computed, which is in line with experiments. This comprehensive study not only sheds light on the mechanism underlying the electrocatalysis processes, but also offers a strategy to achieve higher electrocatalytic activity.
Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Phosphorus‐Doped Carbon Dot/Graphene Aerogel for All‐Solid‐State Flexible Al–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Mengran , Li Yuan , Fang Jing , Villa Cesar J. , Xu Yaobin , Hao Shiqiang , Li Jie , Liu Yexiang , Wolverton Chris , Chen Xinqi , Dravid Vinayak P. , Lai Yanqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarbon dots have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. However, the desired ORR performance in metal–air batteries is often limited by the moderate electrocatalytic activity and the lack of a method to realize good dispersion. To address these issues, herein a biomass‐deriving method is reported to achieve the in situ phosphorus doping (P‐doping) of carbon dots and their simultaneous decoration onto graphene matrix. The resultant product, namely P‐doped carbon dot/graphene (P‐CD/G) nanocomposites, can reach an ultrahigh P‐doping level for carbon nanomaterials. The P‐CD/G nanocomposites are found to exhibit excellent ORR activity, which is highly comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalysts. When used as the cathode materials for a primary liquid Al–air battery, the device shows an impressive power density of 157.3 mW cm−2 (comparing to 151.5 mW cm−2 of a similar Pt/C battery). Finally, an all‐solid‐state flexible Al–air battery is designed and fabricated based on our new nanocomposites. The device exhibits a stable discharge voltage of ≈1.2 V upon different bending states. This study introduces a unique biomass‐derived material system to replace the noble metal catalysts for future portable and wearable electronic devices.
Long‐Life, High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Cells with a Carbon‐Free VN Host as an Efficient Polysulfide Adsorbent and Lithium Dendrite Inhibitor
Authors: He Jiarui , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are a promising next‐generation energy‐storage system, but the polysulfide shuttle and dendritic Li growth seriously hinder their commercial viability. Most of the previous studies have focused on only one of these two issues at a time. To address both the issues simultaneously, presented here is a highly conductive, noncarbon, 3D vanadium nitride (VN) nanowire array as an efficient host for both sulfur cathodes and lithium‐metal anodes. With fast electron and ion transport and high porosity and surface area, VN traps the soluble polysulfides, promotes the redox kinetics of sulfur cathodes, facilitates uniform nucleation/growth of lithium metal, and inhibits lithium dendrite growth at an unprecedented high current density of 10 mA cm−2 over 200 h of repeated plating/stripping. As a result, VN‐Li||VN‐S full cells constructed with VN as both an anode and cathode host with a negative to positive electrode capacity ratio of only ≈2 deliver remarkable electrochemical performance with a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.6% over 850 cycles at a high 4 C rate and a high areal capacity of 4.6 mA h cm−2. The strategy presented here offers a viable approach to realize high‐energy‐density, safe Li‐metal‐based batteries.
Increased mitochondrial apoptotic priming with targeted therapy predicts clinical response to re‐induction chemotherapy
Authors: Garcia Jacqueline S. , Bhatt Shruti , Fell Geoffrey , Sperling Adam S. , Burgess Michael , Keshishian Hasmik , Yilma Binyam , Brunner Andrew , Neuberg Donna , Carr Steven A. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Ballen Karen , Stone Richard M. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Letai Anthony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) do not benefit from current re‐induction or approved targeted therapies. In the absence of targetable genetic mutations, there is minimal guidance on optimal treatment selection particularly in the R/R setting highlighting an unmet need for clinically useful functional biomarkers. Blood and bone marrow samples from patients treated on two clinical trials were used to test the combination of lenalidomide (LEN) and MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) chemotherapy in R/R AML patients. The bone marrow samples were available to test the clinical utility of the mitochondrial apoptotic BH3 and dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP) assays in predicting response, as there was no clear genetic biomarker identifying responders. To test whether LEN‐induced mitochondrial priming predicted clinical response to LEN‐MEC therapy, we performed DBP on patient myeloblasts. We found that short‐term ex vivo treatment with lenalidomide discriminated clinical responders from non‐responders based on drug‐induced change in priming (delta priming). Using paired patient samples collected before and after clinical LEN treatment (prior to MEC dosing), we confirmed LEN‐induced increased apoptotic priming in vivo, suggesting LEN enhanced vulnerability of myeloblasts to cytotoxic MEC chemotherapy. This is the first study demonstrating the potential role of DBP in predicting clinical response to a combination regimen. Our findings demonstrate that functional properties of relapsed AML can identify active therapies.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aplastic anemia with pre‐transplant conditioning using fludarabine, reduced‐dose cyclophosphamide, and low‐dose thymoglobulin: A KSGCT prospective study
Authors: Kako Shinichi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Onizuka Makoto , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Usuki Kensuke , Tachibana Takayoshi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kato Jun , Yano Shingo , Shimizu Hiroaki , Shono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Masatsugu , Tsukamoto Shokichi , Mori Takehiko , Yamazaki Etsuko , Najima Yuho , Hangaishi Akira , Hoshino Takumi , Watanabe Reiko , Matsumoto Kenji , Okamoto Shinichiro ,   for Kanto Study Group for Cell Therapy (KSGCT)
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe optimal pre‐transplant conditioning for aplastic anemia (AA) remains unclear. We performed a prospective study on allogeneic transplantation from a related or unrelated donor for adult patients with AA. We assessed whether reduced‐dose cyclophosphamide (CY) could decrease toxicity while maintaining engraftment, and low‐dose thymoglobulin could safely prevent graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD). The pre‐transplant conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine 120 mg/m2, CY 100 mg/kg, and thymoglobulin 2.5 mg/kg with or without 2 Gy of total body irradiation. Twenty‐seven patients with a median age of 36 years were analyzed. Sixteen patients received graft from related donors. The stem cell source was bone marrow in 26 patients. All of the patients but one, who died early, achieved neutrophil engraftment at a median of 19 days. Mixed chimerism was observed in six and five patients at days 30 and 90, respectively. Only one patient experienced secondary engraftment failure with complete donor‐type chimerism. None of the patients developed severe acute GVHD. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 37.7% at 1 year. The overall survival rate was 96.3% at 1 year and 3 years. A high EB virus‐DNA load was detected in one patient at days 60. No one developed EBV‐lymphoproliferative disorder within a year. The results suggest that the conditioning regimen in this study was safe and effective. However, relatively high incidence of chronic GVHD needs further improvement.
Deletion 20q12 is associated with histological transformation of nodal marginal zone lymphoma to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Qian Lei , Soderquist Craig , Schrank‐Hacker April , Strauser Honore , Dupoux Vanessa , Tang Chi Ngong , Smith Jennifer R. , Sun Ang , Majumdar Sonali , Nguyen Tran , Widura Sandy , Landsburg Daniel J. , Schuster Stephen J. , Baxter Richard H. G. , Bogusz Agata M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe genetic and molecular abnormalities underlying histological transformation (HT) of nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are not well known. While del(20q12) is commonly deleted in myelodysplastic syndrome it has not previously been associated with DLBCL. We recently described a case of DLBCL harboring del(20q12) in a patient with a history of MZL involving lymph nodes and skin. Here we report eight matched cases of transformed MZL(tMZL): six from nodal MZL (tNMZL) and two from splenic MZL (tSMZL). We found >20% del(20q12) in 4/6 tNMZL, but not in tSMZL, nor in unmatched DLBCL, MZL with increased large cells (MZL‐ILC), or MZL cases. To examine whether transformation is associated with a specific gene signature, the matched cases were analyzed for multiplexed gene expression using the Nanostring PanCancer Pathways panel. The differential gene expression signature revealed enrichment of inflammatory markers, as previously observed in MZL. Also, tMZL and de novo DLBCL were enriched for extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin, vascular development protein PDGFRβ, DNA repair protein RAD51, and oncogenic secrete protein Wnt11. A subset of genes is expressed differentially in del(20q12) tMZL cases vs non‐del(20q12) tMZL cases. These results suggest a specific pathway is involved in the histological transformation of NMZL, which could serve as an indicator of aggressive clinical course in this otherwise indolent neoplasm.
Synthetische Photoelektrochemie
Authors: Barham Joshua P. , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn der organischen Synthese werden Photoredoxkatalyse (PRK) und synthetische organische Elektrochemie häufig als von Grund auf verschiedene Technologien betrachtet, weshalb ihre Kombination weitgehend unbeachtet blieb. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir den aktuellen Stand der synthetisch‐organischen Photoelektrochemie zusammen und unterteilen diese anhand von Beispielen in drei Gruppen: 1) elektrochemisch‐vermittelte Photoredoxkatalyse (e‐PRK), 2) entkoppelte Photoelektrochemie (dPEC, decoupled photoelectrochemistry) und 3) Grenzflächen‐Photoelektrochemie (iPEC, interfacial photoelectrochemistry). Die Synergien der Methoden wirken sich nicht nur positiv auf die synthetische Nachhaltigkeit und die chemische Selektivität aus, sondern erlauben auch ein Aufsummieren von Energie, um Zugang zu superoxidierenden oder ‐reduzierenden Einelektronenüberträgern (SET, single‐electron transfer) zu erhalten. Die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen dieses aufstrebenden und spannenden Gebietes werden diskutiert.
Ge=B‐π‐Bindung: Synthese und reversible [2+2]‐Cycloaddition von Germaborenen
Authors: Raiser Dominik , Sindlinger Christian P. , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhosphan‐stabilisierte Germaborene mit einer Ge=B‐Doppelbindung konnten ausgehend von einem intramolekularen Germylen‐Phosphor‐Lewis‐Paar (1) synthetisiert werden. Die erhaltenen Germaborene haben einen bemerkenswert kurzen B⋅⋅⋅Ge‐Kontakt von 1.886(2) (4) und 1.895(3) Å (5). Nach oxidativer Addition der Bortrihalogenide BX3 (X=Cl, Br) konnten die Additionsprodukte mit Magnesium und katalytischen Mengen Anthracen zu den Borylen‐Derivaten reduziert werden, mit Ausbeuten von 78 % (4) und 57 % (5). Die Halogen‐substituierten Germaborene wurden mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie charakterisiert und ihre elektronische Struktur durch quantenchemische Rechnungen genauer untersucht. Aus NBO‐NRT‐Analysen lässt sich ebenfalls eine Ge=B‐Doppelbindung als dominierende Lewis‐Struktur ableiten. Die Germaborene gehen bei Raumtemperatur eine reversible, photochemisch induzierte [2+2]‐Cycloaddition mit einer Phenylgruppe des Terphenylsubstituenten ein. Hierbei entsteht eine komplexe heterocyclische Struktur, in welcher das GeIV‐Atom in einer stark verzerrten Koordinationsumgebung vorliegt.
Carboxymethyl cellulose‐based nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite and ε‐poly‐l‐lysine for antimicrobial active food packaging
Authors: He Yunqing , Fei Xiang , Li Hui 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTTraditional packaging materials with single function or weak activity cannot meet the requirements of active packaging. In this study, antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based nanocomposites containing montmorillonite (MMT) and ε‐poly‐(l‐lysine) (ε‐PL) were prepared by solution casting method. The morphological, optical, mechanical, barrier, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of the resulted ternary nanocomposites were investigated. The surface morphology of the films was dependent on the contents of the ε‐PL used. The incorporation of MMT and ε‐PL into CMC matrix improved the UV barrier property, tensile strength, hydrophobicity, and water vapor barrier property. When incorporation of 7.5 wt % ε‐PL, the tensile strength increased more than threefold and the water vapor permeability decreased by about 35% compared with pure CMC film, the water contact angle reached up to the highest value of 65.38°. The ε‐PL incorporated CMC/MMT films exhibited good antimicrobial activities against Gram‐positive (Staphylococus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus oligosporus). Microbial growth inhibition rate of above 90% was obtained when the content of ε‐PL got up to 7.5 wt %. In addition, CMC/MMT/ε‐PL7.5 wt % film‐forming solution having the appropriate properties was used as coating for the strawberries preservation, the shelf life of strawberries was extended for 2 days. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48782.
Comparative dental anatomy in newborn primates: Cusp mineralization
Authors: Paddock Kelsey , Zeigler Larissa , Harvey Brianna , Prufrock Kristen A. , Liptak Jordan M. , Ficorilli Courtney M. , Hogg Russell T. , Bonar Christopher J. , Evans Sian , Williams Lawrence , Vinyard Christopher J. , DeLeon Valerie B. , Smith Timothy D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious descriptive work on deciduous dentition of primates has focused disproportionately on great apes and humans. To address this bias in the literature, we studied 131 subadult nonhominoid specimens (including 110 newborns) describing deciduous tooth morphology and assessing maximum hydroxyapatite density (MHD). All specimens were CT scanned at 70 kVp and reconstructed at 20.5–39 μm voxels. Grayscale intensity from scans was converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) density (mg HA/cm3) using a linear conversion of grayscale values to calibration standards of known HA density (R2 = .99). Using Amira software, mineralized dental tissues were captured by segmenting the tooth cusps first and then capturing the remainder of the teeth at descending thresholds of gray levels. We assessed the relationship of MHD of selected teeth to cranial length using Pearson correlation coefficients. In monkeys, anterior teeth are more mineralized than postcanine teeth. In tarsiers and most lemurs and lorises, postcanine teeth are the most highly mineralized. This suggests that monkeys have a more prolonged process of dental mineralization that begins with incisors and canines, while mineralization of postcanine teeth is delayed. This may in part be a result of relatively late weaning in most anthropoid primates. Results also reveal that in lemurs and lorises, MHD of the mandibular first permanent molar (M1) negatively correlates with cranial length. In contrast, the MHD of M1 positively correlates with cranial length in monkeys. This supports the hypothesis that natural selection acts independently on dental growth as opposed to mineralization and indicates clear phylogenetic differences among primates.
Ag@TiO2 Nanoprisms with Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion for Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Nie Chuang , Du Peng , Zhao Hongwei , Xie Hainan , Li Yuxin , Yao Li , Shi Yuanyuan , Hu Lianna , Si Shaoyan , Zhang Maonian , Gu Jianwen , Luo Ling , Sun Zaicheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMelanoma is a primary reason of death from skin cancer and associated with high lethality. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been developed into a powerful cancer treatment technique in recent years. Here, we created a low‐cost and high‐performance PTT agent, Ag@TiO2 NPs, which possesses a high photothermal conversion efficiency of ≈65 % and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption about 808 nm. Ag NPs were synthesized using a two‐step method and coated with TiO2 to obtain Ag@TiO2 NPs by a facile sol‐gel method. Because of the oxide, Ag@TiO2 NPs exhibit remarkable high photothermal conversion efficiencies and biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. Cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficiency of photothermal cytotoxicity of Ag@TiO2 NPs were tested in B16‐F10 cells and C57BL/6J mice. Under light irradiation, the elevated temperature causes cell death in Ag NPs‐treated (100 μg mL−1) cells in vitro (both p<0.01). In the case of subcutaneous melanoma tumor model, Ag@TiO2 NPs (100 μg mL−1) were injected into the tumor and irradiated with a 808 nm laser of 2 W cm−2 for 1 minute. As a consequence, the tumor volume gradually decreased by NIR laser irradiation with only a single treatment. The results demonstrate that Ag@TiO2 NPs are biocompatible and an attractive photothermal agent for cutaneous melanoma by local delivery.
Effects of disulfide bond and cholesterol derivatives on human calcitonin amyloid formation
Authors: Lantz Richard , Busbee Brian , Wojcikiewicz Ewa P. , Du Deguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman calcitonin (hCT) is a 32‐residue peptide that aggregates to form amyloid fibrils under appropriate conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of the intramolecular disulfide bond formed at the N‐terminal region of the peptide in the aggregation kinetics of hCT. Our results indicate that the presence of the disulfide bond in hCT plays a crucial role in forming the critical nucleus needed for fibril formation, facilitating the rate of hCT amyloidogenesis. Furthermore, we reported for the first time the effects of cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate, and 3β‐[N‐(dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]‐cholesterol (DC‐cholesterol) on the amyloid formation of oxidized hCT. Our results show that while cholesterol does not affect amyloidogenesis of oxidized hCT, high concentrations of cholesterol sulfate exhibits a moderate inhibiting activity on hCT amyloid formation. In particular, our results show that DC‐cholesterol strongly inhibits amyloidogenesis of oxidized hCT in a dose‐dependent manner. Further studies at different pH conditions imply the crucial impact of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions in mediating the interplay of hCT and the surface of DC‐cholesterol vesicles and the inhibiting function of DC‐cholesterol on hCT fibrillization.