bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal and Vegetarian Protein Sources in Relationship with the Risk of Biliary Stone; A Case-Control Study from Iranian Adults
Authors: Saadati Saeedeh , Hekmatdoost Azita , Asadzadeh-aghdaei Hamid , Sadeghi Amir , Sobhani Seyyed Reza , Shahrbaf Mohammad Amin , Esmailinejad Komeil , Bahrami Alireza , Rahimi-Sakak Fatemeh , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives Previous studies suggested that protein has a protective effect on the formation of biliary stones. The aim of the current study is the comparison between the effect of animal protein and plant protein on the formation of biliary stone. One hundred and ten cases who had the history of biliary stone disease and 230 controls who were normal in terms of biliary diseases enrolled in this study. Food frequency questionnaire was used for the nutritional assessment; moreover, demographic and anthropometric data, in addition to habitual history and comorbidities were collected by a questionnaire. Results Plant protein consumption was significantly lower in cases compared to controls (p=0.03). Furthermore, the relationship between biliary stone disease and animal protein intake was significant in crude model for men (OR: 1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.05) and both sex together (OR: 1.01, 95% CI=1.00-1.01). In addition, the risk of biliary stone was significantly lower in patients with higher consumption of plant protein (for women: OR: 0.94, 95% CI=0.89-0.99, for both sex: OR: 0.96, 95% CI=0.93-0.99). Plant proteins have a significant negative effect on the formation of biliary stone disease compared to animal proteins.
Ionizing radiation: the silent enemy
Authors: Pires Robinson Esteves , Reis Igor Guedes Nogueira , de Faria Ângelo Ribeiro Vaz , Giordano Vincenzo , Labronici Pedro José , Belangero William Dias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to assessment the Brazilian orthopedic surgeon’s knowledge about ionizing radiation and its implications over the health of the surgical team and the patients. Methods A Cross-sectional study was performed using a questionnaire of fifteen questions about theoretical and practical concepts regarding ionizing radiation, during the 23 rd Brazilian Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual meeting. The participant needed to be an orthopedic surgeon or an orthopedic surgery resident in a Brazilian institution, in order to be included in the study. The questionnaire addressed the specialty within orthopedic surgery, issues such as radiation protection use and safety concepts, participants’ children gender and exposition to radiation. Results 258 questionnaires were fully answered. Only 5.8% of the participants use the three basic radiation protection equipment (apron, thyroid shield, and radiation protection glasses); 47.3% use the dosimeter; 2.7% hit the acceptable annual maximum radiation dose; 10.5% knew the gestation period of greater risk to the fetus and 5.8%, the acceptable maximum radiation dose during pregnancy; 58.5% got right that the hands, the eyes and the thyroid are the most exposed and at greater risk of radiation related lesions; 25.2% knew that the distance of 3 meters or more from the radiation-emitting tube is safe; 44.2% knew the safest positioning of the radiation-emitting tube; 25.2% got right that smaller tubes emit greater entrance dose to magnify the image and, therefore, emit more radiation; and 55.4% knew that the surgery team receives more scattered radiation in surgical procedures performed in obese patients. Conclusion It is needed an immediate educational overall plan to orthopedic surgeons and orthopedic surgery residents, so that surgical staff and patients may be less exposed and, therefore, less vulnerable to harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
Dietary inflammatory index, risk of incident hypertension, and effect modification from BMI
Authors: MacDonald Conor-James , Laouali Nasser , Madika Anne-Laure , Mancini Francesca Romana , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have identified a positive association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and hypertension. It is not known if BMI is an effect modifier for this association, nor if the association is dose-respondent. This study aimed to assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of hypertension, and assess any effect modification from BMI. Methods Data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990 was used. From the women in the study, we included those who completed a detailed diet history questionnaire, and who did not have prevalent hypertension or cardiovascular disease at baseline, resulting in 46,652 women. The adapted DII was assessed with data from the dietary questionnaire. Hypertension cases were self-reported and verified through a drug-reimbursement database. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios. Spline regression was used to determine any dose-respondent relationship. Results During 884,267 person-years, 13,183 cases of incident hypertension were identified. The median DII in the population was slightly pro-inflammatory (DII = + 0.44). A highly pro-inflammatory diet (DII > 3.0) was associated with a slight increase in hypertension risk (HR Q1-Q5 = 1.07 [1.02: 1.13]). Evidence was observed for effect modification from BMI, with associations strongest amongst women in the 18.5 - 21.0 BMI range (HR Q1-Q5 = 1.17 [1.06: 1.29]). A weak dose-respondent relationship was observed. Conclusion Evidence for a weak association between DII and hypertension was observed. Associations were stronger amongst leaner women.
Real-world comparative effectiveness of second-line ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Dai Wei Fang , Beca Jaclyn , Croxford Ruth , Isaranawatchai Wanrudee , Menjak Ines B. , Petrella Teresa M. , Mittmann Nicole , Earle Craig C. , Gavura Scott , Hanna Timothy P. , Chan Kelvin K.W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background For novel cancer treatments, effectiveness in clinical practice is not always aligned with clinical efficacy results. As such it is important to understand a treatment’s real-world effectiveness. We examined real-world population-based comparative effectiveness of second-line ipilimumab versus non-ipilimumab treatments (chemotherapy or targeted treatments). Methods We used a cohort of melanoma patients receiving systemic treatment for advanced disease since April 2005 from Ontario, Canada. Patients were identified from provincial drug databases and the Ontario Cancer Registry who received second-line ipilimumab from 2012 to 2015 (treated) or second-line non-ipilimumab treatment prior to 2012 (historical controls). Historical controls were chosen, to permit the most direct comparison to pivotal trial findings. The cohort was linked to administrative databases to identify baseline characteristics and outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess overall survival (OS). Observed potential confounders were adjusted for using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results We identified 329 patients with MM who had received second-line treatments (189 treated; 140 controls). Patients receiving second-line ipilimumab were older (61.7 years vs 55.2 years) compared to historical controls. Median OS were 6.9 (95% CI: 5.4-8.3) and 4.95 (4.3-6.0) months for ipilimumab and controls, respectively. The crude 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year OS probabilities were 34.3% (27%-41%), 20.6% (15%-27%), and 15.2% (9.6%-21%) for ipilimumab and 17.1% (11%-23%), 7.1% (2.9%-11%), and 4.7% (1.2%-8.2%) for controls. Ipilimumab was associated with improved OS (IPTW HR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.49-0.78; p <0.0001). Conclusions This real-world analysis suggests second-line ipilimumab is associated with an improvement in OS for MM patients in routine practice.
Interpretable machine learning analysis of functional metagenomic profiles improves colorectal cancer prediction and reveals basic molecular mechanisms.
Authors: Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos S. , Loucera Carlos , Peña-Chilet María , Dopazo Joaquin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Gut microbiome is gaining interest because its links with several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Results Here we performed a meta-analysis of 851 fecal metagenomic samples from five publicly available studies. We used an interpretable machine learning approach based on functional profiles, instead of the conventional taxonomic profiles, to produce a highly accurate predictor of CRC with better precision than those of previous proposals. Moreover, this approach is also able to discriminate samples with adenoma, which makes this approach very promising for CRC prevention by detecting early stages in which intervention is easier and more effective. In addition, interpretable machine learning methods allows extracting features relevant for the classification, which reveals basic molecular mechanisms accounting for the changes underwent by the microbiome functional landscape in the transition from healthy gut to adenoma and CRC conditions. Conclusion Functional profiles provide superior accuracy in predicting CCR and adenoma conditions than taxonomic profiles and additionally, in a context of explainable machine learning, provide useful hints on the molecular mechanisms operating in the microbiota behind these conditions.
The new cultural norm: reasons why UK foundation doctors are choosing not to go straight into speciality training
Authors: Hollis Alexander Conor , Streeter Jack , Hamel Clare Van , Milburn Louise , Alberti Hugh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The number of UK foundation doctors choosing to go straight into speciality training has fallen drastically over the last 10 years: We sought to explore and understand the reasons for this change. Methods We undertook semi-structured interviews with 16 foundation year two doctors, who had not applied to speciality training, from two regional foundation schools. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results The reasons that foundation doctors are choosing not to go straight into speciality training centre around the themes of feeling undervalued, career uncertainty and a new cultural norm. They report major feelings of uncertainty regarding career choice at such an early stage of their profession and this challenge was magnified by a perceived lack of flexibility of training and the growing normality of taking time out from training. Trainees feel a lack of support in planning and undertaking an “FY3” year and being helped back into the workforce. Trainees overwhelmingly reported that they feel undervalued by their employers. Importantly, however, not going into training directly was not always a reflection of dissatisfaction with training. Many trainees spoke very positively about their planned activities and often saw a break in training as an excellent way to recharge, develop skills and prepare for the rest of their careers in medicine. Conclusions Taking a year or more out of training after foundation years has become the new cultural norm for UK junior doctors and reasons for this include feeling undervalued, career uncertainty and the perception that this is now “normal”. Exploring these factors with participants has generated a number of recommendations related to improving the workplace environment, allowing more flexibility in training and supporting those who chose to take an FY3.
Evaluation of the performance and achievements of the WHO Evidence-informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) Europe
Authors: Lester Louise , Haby Michelle M , Chapman Evelina , Kuchenmüller Tanja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The Evidence-informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) is one of the key mechanisms introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the research-to-policy gap. EVIPNet Europe was launched in 2012. We evaluated the performance and achievements of EVIPNet Europe. The aims were: (1) to develop an understanding of the inputs, outputs and outcomes of EVIPNet Europe at both WHO Secretariat and country level; and (2) to contribute to the evidence base for organizational knowledge translation activities by sharing the lessons learnt. MethodsThe evaluation covered the WHO Secretariat of EVIPNet Europe and its 21 member countries, from its inception to the end of 2018. A mixed methods design was used to answer the evaluation questions, including triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods – based on the EVIPNet Europe Monitoring & Evaluation framework. Data were collected between August and October 2018. Data collection comprised documentary review, social media analysis, online country evaluation, key informant interviews and validated tools. Two case studies were also developed.Results The evaluation showed promising results, as well as lessons to guide the future development of EVIPNet in Europe and other regions of the world. EVIPNet Europe appears to be filling a niche in promoting the capacity of Network member countries for evidence-informed policy-making. There is evidence that EVIPNet Europe’s capacity-building programme of work is improving knowledge and skills at the individual level. There has been an increase in activity and outputs since its establishment, and evidence has been used to inform new policies in some member countries. However, the speed at which member countries are developing or publishing products varies greatly and no formalized knowledge translation platforms have yet been created. Financial and human resources are limited and staff turnover is a cause for concern both at the WHO Secretariat and country team levels. ConclusionsSix years since the launch of EVIPNet Europe, the Network has grown quickly, is clearly valued and has had some successes. However, more work and support are needed if it is to achieve its vision of a Europe in which high-quality, context-sensitive evidence routinely informs health decision-making processes that ultimately serve to strengthen health outcomes across the Region.
Efficacy and Acceptability of Parent-only Group Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Treatment of Anxiety disorder in Children and Adolescents : A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yin Bangmin , Teng Teng , Tong Lyu , Li Xuemei , Fan Li , Zhou Xinyu , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent mental disorder among children and adolescents, causing significant psychosocial problems and physical health conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. As a new type of CBT, parent-only CBT has some advantages. However, it remains unclear whether parent-only CBT interventions are effective for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of parent-only cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with anxiety disorder. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing parent-only CBT either with waitlist (WL), or CBT with parents in children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.Results: Finally, six RCTs with 407 participants were included in the meta-analyses. In terms of efficacy, pooled analyses indicated that parent-only CBT was significantly more effective than WL for reducing anxiety symptoms with SMD of −0.72 (95% CI −1.41 to −0.03, p = 0.04), and more remission rate with RR of 4.33 (37.96% vs. 6.85%, 95% CI 1.82 to 10.27, p = 0.0009) at post-treatment. And our analyses showed no evidence that parent-only CBT had significantly greater efficacy than CBT with parents with SMD of 0.21 (95% CI −0.09 to 0.50, p = 0.17). Acceptability in the parent-only CBT group was not significantly different to the WL group with RR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.62, p = 0.77), and was significantly worse than in the CBT with parents group with RR of 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.57, p = 0.03).Conclusions: Current evidence indicates that parent-only CBT can be an effective and acceptable intervention for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.
Cross-validation of the Arabic MINI, Module U, for Diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and the Arabic Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool
Authors: Chamali Rifka , Emam Rana , Mahfoud Ziyad , Al-Amin Hassen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects the functioning and includes various physical, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Module U (MINI-U), assesses the diagnostic criteria for probable PMDD. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) measures the severity of these symptoms and provides scores from which we can diagnose PMS and PMDD. The purpose of this study is to obtain the cut-offs from PSST that would fit well with the diagnosis of PMDD using the MINI-U as a gold standard. Methods We administered the Arabic MINI-U and PSST independently to Arab women (N = 194) in Doha, Qatar. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the PSST ordinal scores between those who answered Yes vs No on the corresponding MINI-U items. These comparisons were followed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses using the MINI-U answers as the gold standard to determine the cut-off scores on the PSST, in addition to their sensitivity and specificity measures Results The rating of PSST scores for participants who answered Yes in the MINI-U varied from 1.5 (not at all to mild) to 3 (moderate). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses showed that all areas under the curves (AUCs) were significant with the cut-off scores on the corresponding PSST items. Conclusion This cross-validation gives reassurance that the severity measures of PSST can recognize patients with moderate/severe PMS and PMDD who would benefit from immediate treatment instead of waiting another two months. Keywords Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Arabs, cross-validation
Mir-138 plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy through SIRT1-p38-TTP regulatory axis
Authors: Liu Fengxun , Guo Jia , Qiao Yingjin , Pan Shaokang , Duan Jiayu , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). SIRT1 and TTP are two important protective factors in DN, however, the regulatory relationship between SIRT1 and TTP and the underneath mechanism are interesting but still unclear. Identifying the key factors that regulate SIRT1 or TTP may be of great value to the understanding and treatment of the DN. Methods : in this study, through systematic experimental methods, we found that the expression of miR-138 was significantly up-regulated in DN clinical patients samples, and our experimental results suggested that miR-138 could bind the 3’UTR of SIRT1 and inhibit its expression in both cultured podocytes and db/db mice kidney tissues. Results : furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo date also indicated miR-138 could target SIRT1 and affect TTP through p38 pathway. And down-regulation of miR-138 attenuated podocyte injury and showed some extend of therapeutic effects in DN mice models. Conclusion : our findings reveal that the regulatory axis of miR-138-SIRT1-p38-TTP might play a key role in DN. We believe these findings may be of some value for deepening the understanding of DN and may serve as a reference for future treatment of this disease.
The 2018-19 influenza season in Afghanistan: Epidemiology and Virology
Authors: Sahak Mohammad Nadir , Arifi Fatima , Hammond Aspen A , Laurenson-Schafer Henry J , Saeedzai Sayed Ataullah , Safi Hafizullah , Abubakar Abdinasir , Elkholy Amgad , Rasooly Mohmmad Hafiz , Ikram Abdul Nasir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This paper aims to provide information on epidemiology and virology of seasonal influenza for the 2018-19 season, and build upon limited information for developing influenza vaccination policy for risk groups in Afghanistan. Methods This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of Afghanistan influenza surveillance data, both from influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases during the 2018-19 season. The data for 2018-19 has also been compared to the data of the previous two seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). Results During the 2018-19 season, a total number of 10,604 ILI and 5,261 SARI cases were reported to the national influenza sentinel surveillance system. From week 48 2018 to week 14 2019, a total of 713 ILI specimens were tested for influenza virus, and 10.7% were positive with majority influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (57%). Similarly, a total of 1,004 SARI specimens were tested for influenza virus during this period, and 11% were positive for influenza with the majority caused by influenza A(H1N1) pdm09. Almost two-thirds (62%) of the ILI-influenza positive cases and 46% SARI-influenza positive cases aged less than five years. Also, over 50 years old patient was reported to have the second-highest proportion of SARI associated influenza (30%). Conclusion The findings indicate that the seasonal influenza virus results in considerable hospital visits, admissions, and deaths in Afghanistan. The data from this study will inform and guide policymakers in developing national influenza vaccination policies.
The role of Ulipristal Acetate in infertile women with submucous fibroids
Authors: Morgante Giuseppe , Centini Gabriele , Troìa Libera , Orvieto Raoul , Leo Vincenzo De 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The presence of submucous fibroids strongly impacts on IVF results, therefore, this patients should be considered for surgical or medical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the role of Ulipristal acetate (UPA), a selective progesterone receptor modulator, in restoring uterine cavity deformation due to submucous fibroids, in infertile patients attempting an IVF treatment. Methods Infertile patients with submucosal fibroid (Type 1 and Type 2 according to FIGO classification) were enrolled and received 1 to 3 treatment cycles of UPA, according to their response, as reflected by fibroid volume reduction and restoration of normal uterine cavity. Results 26 patients underwent UPA treatment revealed a mean volume reduction of their fibroids of 41%. A total of 15 (57.6%) biochemical pregnancy were obtained, resulting in 13 (50%) ongoing pregnancy and 9 (34.6%) healthy babies were already delivered. Conclusion Restoration of normal uterine cavity by UPA treatment prior to IVF treatment avoids surgery and enhances the pregnancy rate.