bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bauxite residue as an iron‐based catalyst for catalytic cracking of naphthalene, a model compound for gasification tar
Authors: Madadkhani Shiva , Burhenne Luisa , Bi Xiaotao , Ellis Naoko , Grace John R. , Lewis Tyler 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn iron‐based catalyst from bauxite residue (aka BR and red mud) was developed for removing biomass gasification tar. Its performance was investigated with naphthalene as the model tar compound. This was achieved by measuring the catalytic naphthalene conversion at five space velocities and at four temperatures in the 500°C to 800°C range, both in a N2 environment and in 13 vol% H2 with the balance N2 for 14 hours to determine the long‐term performance. The physical and chemical characteristics of the catalyst were studied prior to and after exposure to naphthalene to track the evolution of the catalyst as a result of the chemical reaction. In addition, the effects of calcination temperature and reduction with H2 on the surface characteristics were investigated. The bauxite residue catalyst was shown to be significantly active for naphthalene cracking, with its activity comparable to that of an industrial Ni catalyst. Activity measurements over 14 hours of testing showed that the catalyst activity decreased from 98% to 65% naphthalene conversion with time as a result of catalyst deactivation when tested in a N2 reaction environment. In the presence of 13 vol% H2; however, the activity maintained >95% conversion for the entire duration of the experiment.
Comparative effects of intensive ganglionated plexus ablation in treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and vasovagal syncope
Authors: Huang Xingfu , Chen Yanjia , Huang Yuli , Zhao Hongxin , He Liwei , Tan Zhenni , Xu Dingli , Peng Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGanglionated plexus (GP) ablation is used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) and vasovagal syncope (VVS). However, the comparative effects of GP ablation in treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and VVS have not been well studied.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intensive GP ablation on PAF and VVS.MethodsPAF and VVS patients were enrolled in this study. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed in the PAF group, and additional ablation was performed at GP sites. Anatomic ablation of left atrial GPs was performed in the VVS group. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF or other sustained atrial tachycardia and syncope recurrence.ResultsA total of 195 patients were enrolled: 146 patients with PAF, including eight patients with combined VVS (PAF group), and 49 patients with VVS (VVS group). Vasovagal response (VR) was achieved in 78 (53.4%) patients in the PAF group and 48 patients (98.0%) in the VVS group (P < .05). During the 17.8 ± 10.5 (range, 3‐42) month follow‐up, 126 (86.3%) patients were free of AF in the PAF group, and 45 (91.8%) patients in the VVS group had no syncope recurrence and significantly improved symptoms.ConclusionsAnatomically guided intensive GP ablation showed efficient clinical outcomes for both groups of patients. Compared with PAF patients, VVS patients had more VR during ablation in the left atrium. Furthermore, VR during ablation indicated a better prognosis in PAF patients.
Retina‐specific targeting of pericytes reveals structural diversity and enables control of capillary blood flow
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Corona Carlo , Eleftheriou Cyril G. , Bianchimano Paola , Sagdullaev Botir T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPericytes are a unique class of mural cells essential for angiogenesis, maintenance of the vasculature and are key players in microvascular pathology. However, their diversity and specific roles are poorly understood, limiting our insight into vascular physiology and the ability to develop effective therapies. Here, in the mouse retina, a tractable model of the CNS, we evaluated distinct classes of mural cells along the vascular tree for both structural characterization and physiological manipulation of blood flow. To accomplish this, we first tested three inducible mural cell‐specific mouse lines using a sensitive Ai14 reporter and tamoxifen application either by a systemic injection, or by local administration in the form of eye drops. The specificity and pattern of cre activation varied significantly across the three lines, under either the PDGFRβ or NG2 promoter (Pdgfrβ‐CreRha, Pdgfrβ‐CreCsln, and Cspg4‐Cre). In particular, a mouse line with Cre under the NG2 promoter resulted in sparse TdTomato labeling of mural cells, allowing for an unambiguous characterization of anatomical features of individual sphincter cells and capillary pericytes. Furthermore, in one PDGFRβ line, we found that focal eye drop application of tamoxifen led to an exclusive Cre‐activation in pericytes, without affecting arterial mural cells. We then used this approach to boost capillary blood flow by selective expression of Halorhodopsin, a highly precise hyperpolarizing optogenetic actuator. The ability to exclusively target capillary pericytes may prove a precise and potentially powerful tool to treat microcirculation deficits, a common pathology in numerous diseases.
The study of border zone formation in ischemic heart using electro‐chemical coupled computational model
Authors: Wan Ab Naim Wan N. , Mokhtarudin Mohd J. Mohamed , Lim Einly , Chan Bee T. , Ahmad Bakir Azam , Nik Mohamed Nik A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of a heart failure, which occurs due to myocardial ischemia leading to left ventricular (LV) remodeling. LV remodeling particularly occurs at the ischemic area and the region surrounds it, known as the border zone. The role of the border zone in initiating LV remodeling process urges the investigation on the correlation between early border zone changes and remodeling outcome. Thus, this study aims to simulate a preliminary conceptual work of the border zone formation and evolution during onset of MI and its effect towards early LV remodeling processes by incorporating the oxygen concentration effect on the electrophysiology of an idealized three‐dimensional LV through electro‐chemical coupled mathematical model. The simulation result shows that the region of border zone, represented by the distribution of electrical conductivities, keeps expanding over time. Based on this result, the border zone is also proposed to consist of three sub‐regions, namely mildly, moderately, and seriously impaired conductivity regions, which each region categorized depending on its electrical conductivities. This division could be used as a biomarker for classification of reversible and irreversible myocardial injury and will help to identify the different risks for the survival of patient. Larger ischemic size and complete occlusion of the coronary artery can be associated with an increased risk of developing irreversible injury, in particular if the reperfusion treatment is delayed. Increased irreversible injury area can be related with cardiovascular events and will further deteriorate the LV function over time.
Recent Progress in Self‐healing Materials for Sensor Arrays
Authors: Vu Van‐Phu , Sinh Le Hoang , Choa Sung‐Hoon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recent development of diverse types of self‐healing materials promises increased material lifetimes, reduced replacement costs, and improved product safety in a wide variety of practical engineering applications. In particular, self‐healing materials provide advantages in electronic devices, conductors and sensors, as evidenced by their possible applications such as electronic skin, protectively conductive coating, adhesives, energy storage devices, aerospace, automobile, etc. To further the development of self‐healing materials for sensors and conductors, this review provides a summary of the current work. A short overview of self‐healing concepts and classification are presented, and some of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of self‐healing material are introduced and highlighted, in relation to various sensor applications. A perspective on self‐healing material approaches and development strategies using soft electronic technology is provided.
Stereo Matching with Multi‐scale Based on Anisotropic Match Cost
Authors: Liu Huaiguang , Cai Yu , Zhou Shiyang , Yang Jintang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBinocular vision is a popular method for 3d measurement, but the precision and efficiency is still a limitation. In order to solve the problem of low precision and high mismatching rate of current stereo match methods in weak texture region, a local stereo matching algorithm with multi‐scale based on anisotropic match cost was proposed. Not only including the gray value between the adjacent pixels as the absolute difference (AD) method, the matching cost function also involved gradient and phase information to make an anisotropic evaluation and eliminate the outliers of the flat area. Meanwhile, a multi‐scale strategy with the image pyramid was referenced, and the dynamic disparity search range of variable window was used on the original cost aggregation framework by improving the stereo matching algorithm of cross‐scale cost aggregation. The matching cost volume in each scale space used the dynamic support window to guide the filter to aggregate the matching cost. Finally, to overcome the problems of disparity selection ambiguity of WTA (winner‐take‐all) strategy and the horizontal fringe introduced by left‐right consistency (LRC) detection, the weighted median filter based on guided filter weight was used to carry out disparity refinement. According to the experiments, the method got more high matching accuracy, and the average error on the Middlebury test platform reached 5.25%.
Phenotyping in Mice Using Continuous Home Cage Monitoring and Ultrasonic Vocalization Recordings
Authors: Hobson Liane , Bains Rasneer S. , Greenaway Simon , Wells Sara , Nolan Patrick M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the last century, the study of mouse behavior has uncovered insights into brain molecular mechanisms while revealing potential causes of many neurological disorders. To this end, researchers have widely exploited the use of mutant strains, including those generated in mutagenesis screens and those produced using increasingly sophisticated genome engineering technologies. It is now relatively easy to access mouse models carrying alleles that faithfully recapitulate changes found in human patients or bearing variants of genes that provide data on those genes’ functions. Concurrent with these developments has been an appreciation of the limitations of some current testing platforms, especially those monitoring complex behaviors. Out‐of‐cage observational testing is useful in describing overt persistent phenotypes but risks missing sporadic or intermittent events. Furthermore, measuring the progression of a phenotype, potentially over many months, can be difficult while relying on assays that may be susceptible to changes in the testing environment. In recent years, there has also been increasing awareness that measurement of behaviors in isolation can be limiting, given that mice attempt to hide behavioral cues of vulnerability. To overcome these limitations, laboratory animal science is capitalizing on progress in data capture and processing expertise. Moreover, as additional recording modes become commonplace, ultrasonic vocalization recording is an appealing focus, as mice use vocalizations in various social contexts. Using video and audio technologies, we record the voluntary, unprovoked behaviors and vocalizations of mice in social groups. Adoption of these approaches is undoubtedly set to increase, as they capture the round‐the‐clock behavior of mouse strains. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Continuous recording of home cage activity using the Home Cage Analyzer (HCA) systemSupport Protocol: Subcutaneous insertion of a radio frequency identification microchip in the inguinal areaBasic Protocol 2: Continuous recording of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations in the home cage.
Which psychological characteristics influence therapists' readiness to work with refugees?
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Hellmann Jens H. , Wingbermühle Pia , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRefugee populations show considerably high rates of mental health problems. Yet many mental health professionals may have reservations to work with refugees due to suspected cultural differences, language barriers and the need to provide additional services. However, little is known about psychotherapists' readiness to work with refugees. In a sample of German psychotherapists (N= 111), we explored therapeutic style (neutrality, supportiveness and self‐doubt), therapists' basic assumptions (pessimism, rationality and therapy as art), experiences, private and work‐related contact with refugees, political interests, openness and practical barriers as potential predictors of readiness to work with refugees. Therapeutic styles of self‐doubt and neutrality, rationality as basic assumption, former experiences with refugees in a therapeutic setting, feeling comfortable working with an interpreter in therapy and perceived language barriers emerged as most important predictors of psychotherapists' readiness to work with refugees. Future directions and potential interventions to promote therapists' readiness to work with refugees are discussed.
Sustainable strategies andcorporate social responsibilityin the Italian fisheries companies
Authors: Scarpato Debora , Civero Gennaro , Rusciano Vincenzo , Risitano Marcello 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fisheries industry is currently characterized by a social context where levels of competitiveness and economic development must continue to grow, while simultaneously ensuring commitment to and guarantee of levels of environmental and social sustainability. Such businesses, demonstrate an elevated sensitivity to the territory in which they operate, voluntarily implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in a sustainable development and stakeholder engagement perspective. This study will analyse—through an empirical analysis developed in the Italian context—the level of sustainable strategies and CSR of the large buyers in the fisheries industry, as well as willingness to invest to create a sustainable product. Using multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, we will identify the various groups of buyers in the adoption of sustainable strategies and CSR practices in their business.
Towards Solar Factories: Prospects of Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion using Colloidal Semiconductor Photosynthetic Systems
Authors: Agosti Amedeo , Natali Mirco , Amirav Lilac , Bergamini Giacomo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolar‐to‐chemical (STC) energy conversion is the fundamental process that nurtures Earth's ecosystem, fixing the inexhaustible solar resource into chemical bonds. Photochemical synthesis endows plants with the primary substances for their development; likewise, an artificial mimic of natural systems has long sought to support human civilization in a sustainable way. Intensive efforts have demonstrated light‐triggered production of different solar fuels, such as H2, CO, CH4 and NH3, while research on oxidative half‐reactions has built up from O2 generation to organic synthesis, waste degradation and photo‐reforming. Nevertheless, while extensive utilization of the radiant chemical potential to promote a manifold of endergonic processes is the common thread of such research, exploration of the chemical space is fragmented by the lack of a common language across different scientific disciplines. Focusing on colloidal semiconductor materials, this Viewpoint discusses an inclusive protocol for the discovery and assessment of STC redox reactions, aiming to establish photon‐to‐molecule conversion as the ultimate paradigm beyond fossil energy exploitation.
Defect‐Enhanced CO2 Reduction Catalytic Performance in O‐Terminated MXenes
Authors: Chen Hetian , Handoko Albertus D. , Wang Tianshuai , Qu Jiale , Xiao Jiewen , Liu Xiaopeng , Legut Dominik , Wei Seh Zhi , Zhang Qianfan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a promising way to generate fuels and chemical feedstock sustainably. Recently, studies have shown that two‐dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) can be promising CO2RR electrocatalysts due to the alternating −C and −H coordination with intermediates that decouples scaling relations seen on transition metal catalysts. However, further by tuning the electronic and surface structure of MXenes it should still be possible to reach higher turnover number and selectivities. To this end, defect engineering of MXenes for electrochemical CO2RR has not been investigated to date. In this work, first‐principles modelling simulations are employed to systematically investigate CO2RR on M2XO2‐type MXenes with transition metal and carbon/nitrogen vacancies. We found that the −C‐coordinated intermediates take the form of fragments (e. g., *COOH, *CHO) whereas the −H‐coordinated intermediates form a complete molecule (e. g., *HCOOH, *H2CO). Interestingly, the fragment‐type intermediates become more strongly bound when transition‐metal vacancies are present on most MXenes, while the molecule‐type intermediates are largely unaffected, allowing the CO2RR overpotential to be tuned. The most promising defective MXene is Hf2NO2 containing Hf vacancies, with a low overpotential of 0.45 V. More importantly, through electronic structure analysis it could be observed that the Fermi level of the MXene changes significantly in the presence of vacancies, indicating that the Fermi level shift can be used as an ideal descriptor to rapidly predict the catalytic performance of defective MXenes. Such an evaluation strategy is applicable to other catalysts beyond MXenes, which could enhance high throughput screening efforts for accelerated catalyst discovery.
Regulating the Electronic Structure and Water Adsorption Capability by Constructing Carbon‐Doped CuO Hollow Spheres for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Fengliang , Xiao Linghan , Chen Jianmin , Chen Liyu , Fang Ruiqi , Li Yingwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCopper(II) oxide featuring a narrow bandgap and low toxicity has been frequently applied in the visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but it suffers from large intrinsic overpotential and low water adsorption capacity. Herein, we report a self‐templated strategy for the preparation of carbon‐doped CuO hollow spheres (C−CuO HSs) through thermal transformation of a hierarchical MOF. The hierarchical Cu−MOFs not only act as a template to form interior voids during the thermal transformation, but also serve as precursors to dope C atoms into the CuO lattice. The as‐synthesized C−CuO HSs exhibits remarkable photocatalytic performance with a H2 evolution rate of 67.3 mmol/g/h and the apparent quantum efficiency of 25.3 % at 520 nm in the present of eosin‐Y photosensitizer. The high performance of C−CuO HSs is attributed to the hierarchical porous structure and modulated electronic structure of CuO by C‐doping with well exposed reactive sites, high water adsorption capability, and low water reduction reaction barrier. The results presented in this work might shed light on the design of high‐performance photocatalysts for various energy‐related applications.
Use of the cell division assay to diagnose Fanconi anemia patients' hypersensitivity to mitomycin C
Authors: Hammarsten Ola , Muslimovic Aida , Thunström Sofia , Ek Torben , Johansson Pegah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recently reported cell division assay (CDA) was optimized to measure the relative sensitivity of cells to cytotoxic drugs in vitro. Here, we investigated the in vitro hypersensitivity of lymphocytes from Fanconi anemia (FA) patients, to cytotoxic drugs using CDA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as cell lines derived from FA patients were treated with two DNA interstrand crosslinking (ICL) agents, mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide. Our data indicate that the CDA detects hypersensitivity of cells from FA patients to mitomycin C. Further, cell lines derived from FA‐patients were also hypersensitive to mitomycin C as well as cyclophosphamide, when assayed by the CDA. This study suggests that the CDA is a useful alternative for the diagnosis of FA patients' hypersensitivity to ICL agents.
Effective treatment and prevention of attempted suicide, anxiety, and aggressiveness with fluoxetine, despite proven use of androgenic anabolic steroids
Authors: Amaral Julio M.X. , Padilha Monica C. , Chagas Silvana V. , Baker Julien S. , Mullen Carrie , Vieira Neto Leonardo , Aquino Neto Francisco R. , Cruz Marcelo S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe treatment of a man who attempted suicide after experiencing symptoms of anxiety and aggressiveness associated with the use of androgenic‐anabolic steroids (AAS) is described. This report includes 30 days of inpatient treatment and a 6‐month follow‐up. Regular use of fluoxetine apparently prevented the onset of anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, and suicide ideation, even with the concurrent use of AAS. The urinary concentration of androgens, metabolites of AAS, and fluoxetine were monitored through analysis of urinary samples by the Brazilian Laboratory of Doping Control. Our results are congruent with previous findings describing the risk of suicide prompted by AAS use as well as the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of mood disorders associated with the use of anabolic steroids.
Detection of a nonerythropoietic erythropoietin, Neuro‐EPO, in blood after intranasal administration in rat
Authors: Martin Laurent , Garcia Rodriguez Julio Cesar , Audran Michel , Ericsson Magnus , Maurice Tangui , Marchand Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonerythropoietic erythropoietins (EPOs) are investigated for their high antioxidant properties. A new drug candidate under clinical investigation to treat brain diseases is Neuro‐EPO, produced by selecting EPO isoforms with low sialic acid content. Intranasal administration allows to bypass the blood–brain barrier to get a fast and concentrated delivery to the brain. The aims of this project were to characterize Neuro‐EPO with anti‐doping methods used to detect conventional recombinant EPOs (isoelectric focusing [IEF] and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS‐PAGE]) and to evaluate the window of detection of Neuro‐EPO in brain and blood (plasma) after a single intranasal administration in rats. Neuro‐EPO drug analyzed by IEF‐PAGE presented a very basic profile completely detected only when using a 2–8 or 2–10 pH gradient instead of the conventional 2–6 pH gradient. Its profile consisted in six main bands that did not interfere with endogenous EPO profile from human or rat. After SDS‐PAGE, a broad band was detected for Neuro‐EPO in the same area as endogenous EPO, making Neuro‐EPO identification very difficult by this approach. Therefore, IEF was the method for identification chosen after administration in rats. Neuro‐EPO was clearly identified in blood 2 and 6 h after the delivery. Fainter signals were obtained between 12 and 48 h, but some characteristic very basic bands remained detectable. Surprisingly, brain extracts did not show the presence of Neuro‐EPO even 2 h after administration, indicating a fast degradation or elimination from the brain to the bloodstream. This experiment indicated that detection of Neuro‐EPO after intranasal delivery should be possible for a few days.