bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future is now? Clinical and translational aspects of “Omics” technologies
Authors: D’Adamo Gemma L , Widdop James T , Giles Edward M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBig data has become a central part of medical research, as well as modern life generally. “Omics” technologies include genomics, proteomics, microbiomics and increasingly other omics. These have been driven by rapid advances in laboratory techniques and equipment. Crucially, improved information handling capabilities have allowed concepts such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to enter the research world. The COVID‐19 pandemic has shown how quickly information can be generated and analyzed using such approaches, but also showed its limitations. This review will look at how “omics” has begun to be translated into clinical practice. While there appears almost limitless potential in using big data for “precision” or “personalized” medicine, the reality is that this remains largely aspirational. Oncology is the only field of medicine that is widely adopting such technologies, and even in this field uptake is irregular. There are practical and ethical reasons for this lack of translation of increasingly affordable techniques into the clinic. Undoubtedly, there will be increasing use of large data sets from traditional (e.g. tumor samples, patient genomics) and nontraditional (e.g. smartphone) sources. It is perhaps the greatest challenge of the health‐care sector over the coming decade to integrate these resources in an effective, practical and ethical way.
Nurses' communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: Umbrella review
Authors: Holm Anna , Viftrup Anette , Karlsson Veronika , Nikolajsen Lone , Dreyer Pia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct a review summarizing evidence concerning communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).BackgroundICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are unable to communicate verbally, causing many negative emotions. Due to changes in sedation practice, a growing number of patients are conscious and experience communication difficulties.DesignThe umbrella review method guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute was applied.Data SourcesA systematic search was done in the Cochrane Library, the Joanna Briggs Institute database, Cinahl, Pubmed, PsycINFO and Scopus between January ‐April 2019. Search terms were ‘nurse‐patient communication’, ‘mechanical ventilation’, ‘intensive care’, and ‘reviews as publication type’. Literature from 2009–2019 was included.Review MethodsFollowing recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute, a quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis were done.ResultsSeven research syntheses were included. There were two main themes and six subthemes: (1) Characterization of the nurse–patient communication: (a) Patients' communication; (b) Nurses' communication; (2) Nursing interventions that facilitate communication: (a) Communication assessment and documentation; (b) Communication methods and approaches; (c) Education and training of nurses; and (d) Augmentative and alternative communication.ConclusionNurse–patient communication was characterized by an unequal power relationship with a common experience – frustration. Four key interventions were identified and an integration of these may be key to designing and implementing future ICU communication packages.ImpactNurse–patient communication is characterized by an unequal power relationship with one joint experience – frustration. Four key interventions should be integrated when designing and implementing communication packages in the ICU. Findings are transferable to ICU practices where patients are conscious and experience communication difficulties.
The value of competitive employment: In‐depth accounts of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Voermans Moniek A. C. , Taminiau Elsbeth F. , Giesbers Sanne A. H. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing the societal participation of people with intellectual disabilities via competitive employment requires a full understanding of what this means to them. This paper aims to provide an in‐depth examination of the lived experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in competitive employment.MethodInterviews were conducted with six participants with mild intellectual disability or borderline functioning and good verbal communication skills. Interviews were analysed according to the guidelines of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Member checks were conducted.ResultsAnalysis yielded three main themes: (a) Building on my life experiences, (b) My place at work and (c) Being a valuable member of society, like everyone else.ConclusionsCompetitive employment could make a substantial contribution to the sense of belonging to society and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. Nevertheless, they must cope with stigma‐related obstacles and feelings of being dependent on others in the work environment.
Temporal trends of catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation: A Korean nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lee Euijae , Lee So‐Ryoung , Choi Eue‐Keun , Han Kyung‐Do , Cha Myung‐Jin , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Oh Seil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is used as a treatment to restore and maintain sinus rhythm in patients with AF. However, limited data exist regarding the temporal trends of AF ablation in Asia. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends of CA for AF in Korean over 11 years.MethodsThe nationwide claims database in Korea was utilized. Patients underwent CA for AF were identified using combinations of diagnostic codes, claims history, and procedure codes. Comorbidities and complications were also identified, and their temporal trends were evaluated.ResultsThe numbers of patients underwent CA for AF were observed to gradually increased over 11 years (452 patients in 2007 vs. 3035 patients in 2017). Mean age of the study population increased (55.4 in 2007–2010 vs. 58.9 in 2015–2017); and mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score also increased (1.9 in 2007–2010 vs. 2.2 in 2015–2017). Risks of complications decreased during the study period but risks of all‐cause deaths did not changed significantly. Older age, women, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, general anesthesia, and small procedure volume were independent predictors of complications but, only diabetes and occurrence of any complication were associated with mortality after CA.ConclusionCA for AF has become an increasingly important treatment option. Although the proportion of high‐risk patients increased, risks of complications decreased over time. Performing procedure without complications and prompt managements are essential to improve the outcome of the patients with AF underwent CA.
Sex differentiation in seasonal distribution of the starry smooth‐hound Mustelus asterias
Authors: Brevé Niels W. P. , Winter Hendrik V. , Wijmans Paul A. D. M. , Greenway Eleanor S. I. , Nagelkerke Leopold A. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis mark‐recapture study of starry smooth‐hound Mustelus asterias tagged during the summer months near the Dutch coast demonstrates a large‐scale spatial sex differentiation in their circannual migration patterns and small‐scale spatial sex differentiation during summer. Overwintering occurs in the North Sea, English Channel and Bay of Biscay, with significantly more males in the Northern North Sea and more females in the Bay of Biscay. During summer, sheltered sea arms off the Dutch coast were almost exclusively used by adult females. In subsequent summers post‐release, both sexes were mostly confined to the Southern North Sea, suggesting philopatry.
Clinical and pathological aspects of first report of Tunga penetrans infestation on southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Schott Diogo , Ribeiro Paula Reis , de Souza Viviane Kelin , Surita Lívia Eichenberg , de Amorim Derek Blaese , Bianchi Matheus Viezzer , Anicet Marina Zortea , Alievi Marcelo Meller , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , de Carvalho Raimundo Wilson , Soares João Fábio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTungiasis is a neglected neotropical disease caused by penetration of Tunga spp. into the skin of the host.MethodsTwo primates were rescued from nearby different indigenous villages, and the clinical, pathological, and parasitological features of tungiasis were described. Flea identification occurred through their morphometry and was confirmed with the use of a dichotomous key.ResultsMonkey 1 was parasitized by 23 sand fleas and, after treatment, was assigned to the animal rehabilitation center. Monkey 2 was in poor body condition and died shortly after clinical examination. At necropsy, this primate was parasitized by 26 specimens of sand fleas.ConclusionsBoth animals altered their tree behavior by staying on the ground for long periods. This parasitic relationship implies the possibility of enlargement of the sand flea dispersion. Thus, this is the first record of Tunga penetrans occurrence in wild Alouatta guariba clamitans.
Falls risk score removal does not impact inpatient falls: A stepped‐wedge, cluster‐randomised trial
Authors: Jellett Joanna , Williams Cylie , Clayton Diana , Plummer Virginia , Haines Terry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the impact of removing a falls risk screening tool from an overall falls risk assessment programme on the rate of falls, injurious falls and completion of falls prevention activities by staff.BackgroundFalls in older patients are common adverse events in hospital settings. Screening and assessing individual patients for risk of falls are a common, but controversial element of falls prevention strategies in hospitals.DesignA stepped‐wedge, cluster‐randomised controlled trial using a disinvestment approach.MethodsThis trial was carried out according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). All patients were admitted to 20 health service wards (9 units) over the 10‐month study period. The control condition contained a falls risk screening tool element, a full falls risk factor assessment and intervention provision section. In the intervention condition, only the full falls risk factor assessment and intervention provision section was applied, and the falls risk screening tool element was removed. Fall rates were extracted from hospital level data, files were audited for tool completion, and nurses surveyed about tool use.ResultsThere did not appear to be an impact on the falls rate per month when the risk screening tool component was removed (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.84—favours intervention, 95%CI = 0.67 to 1.05, p = .14) nor on the falls rate with serious injury (IRR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.26 to 3.09, p = .87). There was a thirty‐six second reduction of time per patient reported by staff to complete paperwork (p < .001). There was no difference in the proportion of patients for whom the tool was completed, nor the number of falls prevention interventions identified for implementation.ConclusionRemoving the falls risk screening tool section did not negatively impact falls and reduced time spent completing falls prevention paperwork.Relevance to clinical practiceFalls prevention is an important issue in health services. Removal of a screening risk tool is unlikely to impact falls. This has the potential to reduce nursing administration time that may be otherwise redirected to individual approaches to falls prevention.
Intraoral Scans Alignment in Single Edentulous Arch Cases
Authors: Lo Russo Lucio , Troiano Giuseppe , Salamini Angelo , Guida Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing intraoral scans for removable denture fabrication requires proper alignment according to maxillo‐mandibular relationships. The presented technique combines intraoral and extraoral scanning of the occlusion rim to obtain intraoral scan alignment and the transfer of all information for tooth arrangement to the digital workflow. The technique was developed for single edentulous arch cases and is particularly indicated for the edentulous mandible; nonetheless, it can also be used for the maxilla if a full‐size occlusion rim is required for optimal stability.
Trust in insurance: The importance of experiences
Authors: Courbage Christophe , Nicolas Christina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the predictors of trust in insurance and the importance of experiences in a cross‐country setting using a recent insurance industry survey conducted in seven industrialized countries. Preliminary data analysis reveals a very high prevalence of bad experiences with insurance whereby more than 50% of respondents acknowledge having had a bad experience with insurance. Our main findings show that experiences with insurance are one of the most important factors influencing trust in insurance, with the negative effect of a bad experience being more pronounced than the positive effect of a good experience. We also find that trust in insurance is higher among females, younger and less educated individuals, while being lower among individuals with higher insurance literacy. Additionally, access to insurance information through the internet is associated with lower trust in insurance, while higher trust is observed among individuals using newspapers and magazines.
Dynamic Photophysiological Stress Response of a Model Diatom to Ten Environmental Stresses
Authors: Li Zhengke , Li Wei , Zhang Yong , Hu Yingyu , Sheward Rosie , Irwin Andrew J. , Finkel Zoe V. 
Published: September 2020

Stressful environmental conditions can induce many different acclimation mechanisms in marine phytoplankton, resulting in a range of changes in their photophysiology. Here we characterize the common photophysiological stress response of the model diatomThalassiosira pseudonanato ten environmental stressors and identify diagnostic responses to particular stressors. We quantify the magnitude and temporal trajectory of physiological parameters including the functional absorption cross‐section of PSII (σPSII), quantum efficiency of PSII, non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), cell volume, Chla,and carotenoid (Car) content in response to nutrient starvation (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), and iron (Fe)), changes in temperature, irradiance, pH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) over 5 time points (0, 2, 6, 24, 72 h). We find changes in conditions: temperature, irradiance, and ROS, often result in the most rapid changes in photophysiological parameters (<2 h), and in some cases are followed by recovery. In contrast, nutrient starvation (N, P, Si, Fe) often has slower (6‐72 h) but ultimately larger magnitude effects on many photophysiological parameters. Diagnostic changes include large increases in cell volume under Si‐starvation, very large increases in NPQ under P‐starvation, and large decreases in the σPSIIunder high light. The ultimate goal of this analysis is to facilitate and enhance the interpretation of fluorescence data and our understanding of phytoplankton photophysiology from laboratory and field studies.
Risk factors for anaemia among Ghanaian women and children vary by population group and climate zone
Authors: Petry Nicolai , Wirth James P. , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Wegmuller Rita , Woodruff Bradley A. , Tanumihardjo Sherry A. , Bentil Helena , Donkor William E.S. , Williams Thomas N. , Shahab‐Ferdows Setareh , Selenje Lilian , Mahama Abraham , Steiner‐Asiedu Matilda , Rohner Fabian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnaemia has serious effects on human health and has multifactorial aetiologies. This study aimed to determine putative risk factors for anaemia in children 6–59 months and 15‐ to 49‐year‐old non‐pregnant women living in Ghana. Data from a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey were analysed for associations between anaemia and various anaemia risk factors. National and stratum‐specific multivariable regressions were constructed separately for children and women to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) for anaemia of variables found to be statistically significantly associated with anaemia in bivariate analysis. Nationally, the aPR for anaemia was greater in children with iron deficiency (ID; aPR 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.88, 2.59), malaria parasitaemia (aPR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.32), inflammation (aPR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.46), vitamin A deficiency (VAD; aPR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.60) and stunting (aPR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.46). In women, ID (aPR 4.33; 95% CI: 3.42, 5.49), VAD (aPR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.09) and inflammation (aPR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.11) were associated with anaemia, whereas overweight and obese women had lower prevalence of anaemia (aPR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.97). ID was associated with child anaemia in the Northern and Middle belts, but not in the Southern Belt; conversely, inflammation was associated with anaemia in both children and women in the Southern and Middle belts, but not in the Northern Belt. Anaemia control programmes should be region specific and aim at the prevention of ID, malaria and other drivers of inflammation as they are the main predictors of anaemia in Ghanaian children and women.
Epithelium‐Specific Runx2 knockout mice display junctional epithelium and alveolar bone defects
Authors: Xu Chang , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Li , Yang Chunyan , Gao Yan , Dong Zhiheng , Tian Yuan , Li Cong , Gao Yuguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this investigation was to study the effects of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) on the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone.MethodsThe attachment level of the junctional epithelium and the resorption of alveolar bone were analyzed by histology and scanning electron microscopy. The expression of amelotin was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real‐time PCR. The ultrastructure of the dentogingival interface was observed by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThe cKO mice demonstrated remarkable attachment loss, epithelial hyperplasia, and alveolar bone loss. The relative protein and mRNA expression of amelotin was increased in the junctional epithelium of the cKO mice. The attachment apparatus of the cKO mice showed ultrastructural deficiency.ConclusionsLoss of Runx2 led to the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone defects in mice. Runx2 may play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the dentogingival junction and the normal structure of alveolar bone.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANGLO‐SAXON STYLE POTTERY IN RADIOCARBON DATES: IMPROVING THE TYPO‐CHRONOLOGY
Authors: Krol Tessa N. , Dee Michael , Nieuwhof Annet 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the fourth and fifth centuries AD, the Anglo‐Saxon style was introduced in north‐western Europe. To what extent immigrants contributed to this process for each region is still debated. How and when the Anglo‐Saxon style spread is essential in this debate. Handmade pottery is the most common find category, but so far it can only be dated globally. An earlier and a later style have been postulated and the introduction of this pottery is seemingly not simultaneous in every region. Hitherto this could not be supported by the radiocarbon dates. The present study shows that, with the help of Bayesian modelling, it is possible to substantiate these patterns, which is of utmost importance for understanding migration patterns, contacts and exchange along the southern North Sea coastal regions during this period.
The role of the disc damage likelihood scale in glaucoma detection by community optometrists
Authors: Formichella Paolo , Annoh Roxanne , Zeri Fabrizio , Tatham Andrew J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent guidelines recommend disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) is recorded for all referrals of suspected glaucoma from community optometrists to hospital eye services (HES) in Scotland. This study aimed to determine whether lower DDLS grades were associated with higher rates of discharge at the first visit to HES.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 618 consecutive new referrals from community optometrists to a university hospital glaucoma service. 65 (10.5%) included DDLS graded by the community optometrist. A comprehensive eye examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in the hospital glaucoma clinic and first visit discharge rate (FVDR) for different grades of DDLS compared. The relationship between DDLS and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness on OCT was also examined.ResultsThe FVDR for patients with DDLS recorded in the referral was 27.7% (18 of 65) compared to 25% (138 of 553) in those without DDLS (p = 0.631). The FVDR was 50% for those with a DDLS of 3 in the worse eye, decreasing to 32% and 21% for DDLS grades of 4 and 5 respectively. No patient with a DDLS ≥ 6 was discharged at the first visit and none with a DDLS < 4 (the cut off for consideration of referral in Scottish guidelines) were found to have glaucoma. There was a significant but weak inverse relationship between DDLS and RNFL thickness. The strongest relationship was with average RNFL thickness (r = −0.378, p < 0.01) followed by superotemporal (r = −0.359, p < 0.01) and inferotemporal (r = −0.353, p < 0.01) RNFL thickness.ConclusionsIn patients referred to HES with DDLS information included, lower DDLS grading was associated with higher odds of being discharged at the first visit. DDLS grading by community optometrists had a poor correlation with RNFL thickness measured using OCT.
Lysine biofortification in rice by modulating feedback inhibition of aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase
Authors: Yang Qing‐Qing , Yu Wai‐Han , Wu Hong‐Yu , Zhang Chang‐Quan , Sun Samuel Sai‐Ming , Liu Qiao‐Quan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryLysine is the main limiting essential amino acid (EAA) in the rice seeds, which is a major energy and nutrition source for humans and livestock. In higher plants, the rate‐limiting steps in lysine biosynthesis pathway are catalysed by two key enzymes, aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), and both are extremely sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. In this study, two rice AK mutants (AK1 and AK2) and five DHDPS mutants (DHDPS1–DHDPS5), all single amino acid substitution, were constructed. Their protein sequences passed an allergic sequence‐based homology alignment. Mutant proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and all were insensitive to the lysine analog S‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐l‐cysteine (AEC) at concentrations up to 12 mm. The AK and DHDPS mutants were transformed into rice, and free lysine was elevated in mature seeds of transgenic plants, especially those expressing AK2 or DHDPS1, 6.6‐fold and 21.7‐fold higher than the wild‐type (WT) rice, respectively. We then engineered 35A2D1L plants by simultaneously expressing modified AK2 and DHDPS1, and inhibiting rice LKR/SDH (lysine ketoglutaric acid reductase/saccharopine dehydropine dehydrogenase). Free lysine levels in two 35A2D1L transgenic lines were 58.5‐fold and 39.2‐fold higher than in WT and transgenic rice containing native AK and DHDPS, respectively. Total free amino acid and total protein content were also elevated in 35A2D1L transgenic rice. Additionally, agronomic performance analysis indicated that transgenic lines exhibited normal plant growth, development and seed appearance comparable to WT plants. Thus, AK and DHDPS mutants may be used to improve the nutritional quality of rice and other cereal grains.