bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between body mass index and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and reduced systolic function: Analysis of PARADISE‐MI trial data
Authors: Amir Offer , Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Carasso Shemy , Claggett Brian , Barbarash Olga , Zaman Azfar , Christersson Christina , Kiatchoosakun Songsak , Anonuevo John , Opolski Grzegorz , Vaghaiwalla Mody F. , van der Meer Peter , Zhou Yinong , Mann Douglas L. , Kober Lars , Steg Gabriel , Jering Karola , Kulac Ian , De Pasquale Carmine G. , McMurray John J.V. , Pfeffer Marc A. ,   for the PARADISE‐MI Investigators and Committees
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, including acute heart failure (AHF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), remains debated. This study investigates the association between BMI and clinical outcomes within the PARADISE‐MI cohort, while also evaluating the impact of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) versus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) treatment on this relationship.Methods and resultsThe analysis included 5589 patients from the PARADISE‐MI study with available baseline BMI data. The cohort comprised patients with AMI and pulmonary congestion and/or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%. Patients were categorized into six World Health Organization BMI subgroups. The primary outcome of interest was the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, heart failure (HF)‐associated hospitalization, and outpatient symptomatic HF episodes. The mean baseline BMI of the cohort was 28.1 ± 5.0 kg/m2. The lowest rate of the primary composite endpoint (6.2/100 patient‐years) was observed in overweight patients (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), while the highest rates were found in the lowest and highest BMI subgroups (8.4/100 patient‐years for BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and 9.7/100 patient‐years for BMI >40 kg/m2). There was no significant interaction between BMI and the treatment effect of ARNI versus ACE‐I on the primary composite outcome (p = 0.73). Additionally, no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events or serious adverse events were noted across the BMI subgroups.ConclusionsIn AMI with AHF patients, the relationship between BMI and the primary composite outcome is non‐linear, with the lowest event rates observed in overweight individuals. Outcomes and safety profiles for ARNI and ACE‐I treatments were similar across BMI subgroups.
Research Progress on Embryonic Development, Genetic Regulation and Clinical Management of Congenital Middle Ear Malformations
Authors: Gao Xiaochen , Li Chengzhilin , Yuan Fanyu , Cao Xue , Liu Chengcheng , Qi Wenwen , Xie Fengyang , Xia Ming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCongenital middle ear malformations are a common hearing defect in newborns, primarily characterised by abnormal middle ear structures, particularly underdeveloped or malformed ossicular chains, resulting in conductive hearing loss. This article provides a comprehensive review of the embryonic development process of the middle ear and the genetic regulatory mechanisms, with a focus on the Tbx1 gene, which is closely related to middle ear development. Studies have shown that the Tbx1 gene plays a crucial role in the migration of neural crest cells and the formation of middle ear structures, and its mutation or abnormal expression can lead to developmental defects of the middle ear structure. These gene mutations affect downstream signalling pathways (such as FGF8, FGF10 and BMP4), which are essential in the formation of the ossicles, ear canal and middle ear cavity. Additionally, this article discusses the aetiology of congenital middle ear malformations, associated syndromes, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Diagnostic methods for middle ear malformations include audiological examinations, imaging studies and genetic testing. Early diagnosis and intervention, such as surgical correction and the use of hearing aids, can help improve the hearing and quality of life of patients. This article aims to provide a reference and basis for further etiological research and precise treatment by elucidating the mechanisms and clinical features of middle ear malformations.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Analysis and Its Application to Cigarette Flavouring of Methyl Cyclopentenolone Succinate Menthol Diester
Authors: Yu Zhaojin , Wang Haiyang , Li Zhuo , Yan Dingwei , Liang Kewei , Yang Xiaopeng , Qiu Jianhua , Du Fu , Ji Xiaoming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMethyl cyclopentenolone succinate menthol diester (compound 5) was synthesised from methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and succinic anhydride using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) methods. The thermal decomposition process and kinetic behaviour of the compounds were studied at various heating rates (10°C, 20°C, 40°C, 60°C and 80°C min−1) using thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG), Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) method, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) method and Coats–Redfern method. The research revealed that TG curves approached the high‐temperature end with increasing heating rates, and the peak temperature of heat loss rate on the DTG curves tended to rise, but the magnitude of the change was smaller than that of heating rate. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of thermal decomposition increased with the conversion rate. The Ea of compound 5 ranged from 77.65 to 154.05 kJ mol−1 and from 82.56 to 156.43 kJ mol−1 calculated by KAS and FWO, respectively. The thermal decomposition process models of the compounds were found to be one‐dimensional diffusion models (D1). The results of the kinetic compensation effect showed that the fitting result of the KAS method was better than that of the FWO method. Pyrolysis results indicated the production of aromatic substances such as methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and esters. Additionally, the results of cigarette flavouring showed that the smoking quality of cigarettes was improved by adding compound 5. In summary, the findings of this study not only offer insights into the thermal decomposition and development of slow‐release flavours under heated conditions, but also provide valuable references for assessing the thermal stability and utilisation potential of various substances, including biomass.
Constituents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Abilities of Essential Oil of Dolichos lablab Flowers and Its Application as Food Preservative
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , He Zhiqiang , Zhang Qingfen , Lu Qi , Zhu Minghua , Zu Yuangang , Bao Yihong , Chen Chunxia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDolichos lablab flowers, as the dried buds of D. lablab L, was used as an ingredient in various dishes in China, and there were no studies on the constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activity with the essential oil. The constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial ability of the essential oil of D. lablab flowers (EOF) obtained by hydro‐distillation (HD) method were evaluated, and its efficacy in fresh pork preservation was studied. The 36 components were recognised, accounting for 96.46% of EOF. The proportion of oxygen‐containing compounds in EOF was as high as 89.72%, of which fatty acid accounted for 65.82%. Among fatty acids, palmitic acid (33.86%), myristic acid (8.42%), lauric acid (5.42%) and 2E‐dodecenoic acid (4.46%) were identified as the major compounds. EOF had an excellent antioxidant ability. The semi‐radical scavenging concentrations (IC50) of EOF for 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH−), 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS+) and liposomal peroxidation were 3.09, 2.46 and 0.82 mg/mL. EOF also showed good antibacterial ability, including Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. And the L. monocytogenes showed the highest sensitivity to EOF with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25 μg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 2.5 μg/mL. Further research showed that EOF achieved its antibacterial effect by destroying the functional and structural integrity of cell membranes and cell walls of L. monocytogenes, leading to the leakage of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), nucleic acids and proteins, ultimately leading to L. monocytogenes death. The pork fresh‐keeping results showed that 1.0% EOF extend the shelf‐life of pork up to day 6, which was 2.00 times than the control during 7 days of refrigeration at 4°C. This study will provide the fundamental data support for future potential applications of EOF in food preservation.
Nutrition‐Associated Biomarkers in Predicting Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance and Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Ling , Chen Rui , Wang Hong , Yu Honglu , Ai Zeyu , Zhang Xiaofei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral studies explored the associations of pre‐albumin (PA)/albumin (ALB) and ALB‐combined indicators (prognostic nutrition index [PNI], albumin‐to‐globulin ratio [AGR], bilirubin‐to‐albumin [BAR], and C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio [CAR]) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. However, the results were controversial. A meta‐analysis was conducted to reconfirm their associations and predictive performance. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratios (ORs) assessed the association, while the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) evaluated the predictive power. Ninety‐four studies were included. Overall and subgroup meta‐analyses demonstrated lower ALB and higher CAR were associated with IVIG resistance (ALB: SMD = −0.61; OR = 0.83; CAR: SMD = 1.47; OR = 1.69) and CALs (ALB: SMD = −0.56; OR = 0.92; CAR: SMD = 0.52). PNI was reduced in IVIG‐resistant (SMD = −0.82) and coronary artery aneurysm (SMD = −0.18) patients in subgroup analysis and high PNI predicted the decreased risk of CALs in overall analysis (OR = 0.82). ALB, CAR, and PNI were a good or fair biomarker for differentiating IVIG‐resistant (CALs) from IVIG‐sensitive (non‐CALs) patients (AUC > 0.6 or > 0.7). PA (SMD = −0.72) and BAR (SMD = 1.10) were differential in IVIG‐resistant, but not in CAL patients compared with controls. AGR was not associated with CALs (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ALB, CAR, PNI, PA, and BAR may represent promising biomarkers for the prediction of IVIG resistance and CALs in KD patients.
Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Khalari Hornblende‐Pyroxenite Intrusion Within the Dongargarh Supergroup, Bastar Craton: Insights From Petrological and Geochemical Studies
Authors: Samal Amiya K. , Gautam Gulab C. , Ashutosh Ankur , Srivastava Rajesh K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates Paleoproterozoic hornblende pyroxenite, a lithological unit within the Khalari Ultramafic‐Mafic Complex (KUMC), which is intruded into the Neoarchean‐Paleoproterozoic Dongargarh Supergroup near Khalari village in the northern Bastar Craton. A comprehensive characterisation has been conducted through petrological analysis, bulk‐rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and platinum group elements (PGEs)‐Au geochemical studies to understand its petrogenesis and geotectonic implications. The presence of primary amphibole, specific pyroxene chemistry (low Ti and Cr), and enriched LILE, LREE and fluid‐mobile elements alongside negative Nb–Ta–Ti anomalies suggest these rocks were crystallised from a mantle melt originated from a metasomatized sub‐continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source. This metasomatization could be due to fluids derived from a subduction event predating the emplacement of the studied rocks. The proposed melt composition is estimated to have formed from 5% to 10% partial melting of a garnet‐rich peridotite mantle source. The crystallisation conditions are estimated to have occurred at an average pressure of 7.85 kbar and a temperature of 902°C, indicating moderately shallow depths influenced by fractional crystallisation and slow cooling rates. The emplacement of the KUMC is contemporaneous with several other magmatic activities in the Bastar Craton, around ca. 2.50–2.47 Ga, suggesting that mantle plume might have played a significant role in their formation. Low concentrations of PGEs in the studied samples indicate a PGE‐depleted mantle source.
Drug–Drug Interaction Potential of Mavacamten with Midazolam: Combined Results from Clinical and Model‐Based Studies
Authors: Merali Samira , Sychterz Caroline , Perera Vidya , Gaohua Lu , Florea Victoria , Murthy Bindu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMavacamten is a potential inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and could reduce the effectiveness of concomitant drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4, such as midazolam. This study aimed to determine if repeat doses of mavacamten achieving clinically relevant exposures affected midazolam exposure. This was a single‐center, open‐label study in healthy participants. Participants received: on day 1, midazolam 5 mg; on days 2–3, mavacamten 25 mg; on days 4–16, mavacamten 15 mg; and on day 17, mavacamten 15 mg and midazolam 5 mg. Plasma concentrations of mavacamten, midazolam, and the midazolam metabolite 1′‐hydroxymidazolam were measured. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to simulate the effect of mavacamten‐mediated CYP3A4 induction on midazolam exposure by CYP2C19 phenotype. Thirteen adult participants were enrolled (46.2% were female; mean [SD] age: 34.0 [9.0] years). Compared with midazolam alone, midazolam coadministered with mavacamten decreased the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the drug concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐inf), and AUC from time zero to last measurable concentration (AUC0‐last) for midazolam by 7%, 13%, and 24%, respectively; for 1′‐hydroxymidazolam, AUC0–inf and AUC0–last increased by 20% and 11%, respectively. Ten participants experienced adverse events and the majority were mild in severity. The PBPK model predicted the clinical trial data well. The PBPK simulation assessed that the overall impact of mavacamten on midazolam Cmax and AUC was predicted to be weak regardless of CYP2C19 phenotype. At clinically relevant exposures, mavacamten had a negligible effect on midazolam exposure.
Is Transformational Leadership a Cure for Burnout? It Depends! The Influential Roles of Followers' Fear of Failure and Their Cooperative and Competitive Behavior
Authors: Kensbock Julia M. , Stöckmann Christoph 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study critically examines the promise of transformational leadership as a cure for followers' burnout. Adapting an achievement motivation perspective to conservation of resources theory, we suggest that the impact of transformational leaders on burnout depends on followers' level of fear of failure. In a study with 249 employees, we demonstrate that transformational leaders affect followers low versus high in fear of failure differently, with diverging consequences for burnout as captured by its core component, emotional exhaustion. For followers with low fear of failure, we primarily find an indirect effect, such that transformational leaders encourage them to engage in two opposing types of behavior—that is, exhaustion‐reducing cooperative and exhaustion‐enhancing competitive behavior. By contrast, followers high in fear of failure overall benefit from transformational leadership due to a strong direct negative impact on their emotional exhaustion. At the same time, followers high in fear of failure avoid engaging in both cooperative and competitive behavior. Our research provides important implications for the managerial practice. It reveals that transformational leadership is not a panacea for preventing burnout in the workforce. Instead, managers should be aware of the opposing effects that their leadership behavior can have and pay more attention to their followers' characteristics and needs.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Score for Preoperative Detection of Lymphovascular Invasion in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Emile Sameh H. , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Wignakumar Anjelli , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important prognosticator in rectal cancer (RC). We aimed to determine predictors for LVI in RC and incorporate them into a predictive risk score (PRS).MethodsCase‐control analysis of predictors of LVI in RC using data from a national database (2010–2019). Main outcome was LVI in RC and its predictors. Odds ratios of significant independent predictors of LVI were incorporated into a PRS.Results55,178 patients were included (60.9% male; mean age: 61.3 years). LVI was detected in 10,446 (18.9%). Independent predictors were carcinomas that were signet‐ring cell (OR: 1.98, p < 0.001), moderately differentiated (OR: 1.58, p < 0.001), poorly differentiated (OR: 3.9, p < 0.001), or undifferentiated carcinomas (OR: 4.1, p < 0.001), cN1 (OR: 1.21, p < 0.001), and cN2 (OR: 1.49, p < 0.001), stage and incorporated into a PRS (0–8). Incidence of LVI was 16.3% in the low‐risk group, 27.8% in the intermediate‐risk group, and 40.5% in the high‐risk group (p < 0.001). The PPV of the score was 40.5%, NPV was 83.7%, accuracy was 82.4%, and specificity was 97.9%.ConclusionsHigh‐grade adenocarcinomas, signet‐ring cell carcinomas, and lymph node involvement in clinical assessment were independently associated with LVI in RC. Incorporation of these predictors into a PRS conferred high specificity and good accuracy.
Application of Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm on Solar‐Wind‐Battery‐Thermal Integrated Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Problems
Authors: Ghorui Sudip Kumar , Dasgupta Koustav , Ghoshal Sakti Prasad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe current challenges faced by conventional power plants, including increasing load demand over time, high generation costs, and excessive emissions from fossil fuels, have been helped to overcome by the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) alongside conventional thermal power units. In this article, traditional dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) is enhanced by incorporating RESs, including two solar units, two wind units, and one battery power unit, forming the solar‐wind‐battery‐thermal (SWBT) integrated DEED (SWBTDEED). This integration aimed at reducing generation costs and minimizing excessive fuel emissions, and combining cost and emissions over a 24 h period. Four different test systems, each incorporating 6, 10, 30, and 40 thermal units alongside the same RESs, are considered to meet varying load demands hourly throughout the day. This article demonstrates that, in addition to reducing generation costs, SWBTDEED is capable of reducing emissions by 38.28%, 28.48%, 20.67%, and 20.44% for four test systems, thereby protecting the environment. The sooty tern optimization algorithm (STOA) is proposed in this article for solving complex DEED and SWBTDEED problems, considering various constraints such as generation limits, ramp rate limits, valve point loading, and Weibull distribution. Finally, the robustness, optimization efficiency, and capability of the STOA technique in handling complex nonlinear constraints are demonstrated in the results section, showcasing its ability to achieve optimal results compared to other algorithms such as the sine‐cosine algorithm, backtracking search algorithm, differential evolution, and particle swarm optimization.
Eco‐design as Driver for Circular Economy: An ICESP's Empirical Investigation on Italian Firms
Authors: Del Vecchio Pasquale , Scrucca Flavio , Paoni Susanna , Barberio Grazia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe paper contributes to the debate on eco‐design as a driver for the circular economy configuration of firms' business models. The study presents the empirical evidence of a research promoted by the Working Group on the Eco‐design and Circular Business Model of ICESP, the Italian Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform. The research adopted a two‐stage qualitative investigation approach, including an online focus group and a self‐administered online survey. Findings showed that the adoption of eco‐design is conceived into a larger strategy of innovation aimed at continuous improvement, quality management, and collaboration with stakeholders. Eco‐design is also identified as a strategy for improving customer satisfaction that leverages collaborative innovation paths with suppliers, external partners, and universities. Implications for theory arise in terms of a major understanding of eco‐design as a driver for value creation, while for the practice the study highlights new directions for managerial and entrepreneurial practical applications.
Versatile and Fast Electrochemical Activation Method for Carbon Nanotube Fibers with Diverse Active Materials
Authors: Lee Sungju , Yu Hayoung , Han Min Gook , Jung Hyewon , Jung Hee‐Tae , Kim Seung Min , Jeong Hyeon Su 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, the challenge of non‐electrochemical activity in carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is addressed by developing a modified chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) densification process specifically developed for directly spun CNTFs. This post‐treatment method, well‐known for enhancing the physical properties of CNTFs, utilizes the double diffusion phenomenon to efficiently integrate a diverse range of active materials, from conductive polymers like polyaniline (PANI) to metal oxides like nickel oxide (NiO), into the fibers. This universal and cost‐effective approach not only simplifies the integration process but also significantly boosts both the electrochemical and physical properties of the fibers. For instance, the PANI@CNTF composite exhibited a remarkable 17‐fold increase in specific capacitance and a two‐fold increase in load value compared to its pristine counterparts. This method proves straightforward, efficient, and versatile, making it suitable for developing fiber‐shaped electrodes that advance the capabilities of wearable energy storage systems.
Prediction on mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites: An experimental and machine learning approach
Authors: Shanmugasundaram N. , Praveenkumar S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe adoption of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) has witnessed a notable surge in recent years, primarily because of their remarkable strain‐hardening behavior and other hardened properties. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) approaches have been widely employed to predict various properties in engineering applications by incorporating an ‘n’ number of inputs and target data. An ML aids in understanding the selection, properties, and blending ability of materials, thereby reducing the cost and duration of research. In this study, an ML technique based on an artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to predict the mechanical properties of ECC with different binders. For this purpose, several parameters are collected from the present investigation and various literature sources, and the collected data are trained using three algorithms, namely, scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Bayesian regularization (BR), and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM). The correlations and variations between the experimental and predicted outputs are analyzed. In addition, a comparison between the experimental results obtained by each investigator and the corresponding outputs predicted by the individual algorithms is highlighted. The LM algorithm achieved a mean regression value of 0.910 for the prediction of compressive strength, whereas the BR showed values of 0.908 and 0.852 for predicting the direct tensile and flexural properties of ECC, respectively. Furthermore, considering the standard benchmark, the proposed model exhibited a high correlation with the coefficient of determination (R2).