bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFT sewing as the dual of AdS cut-and-paste
Authors: Marolf Donald 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The CPT map allows two states of a quantum field theory to be sewn together over CPT-conjugate partial Cauchy surfaces R1, R2 to make a state on a new spacetime. We study the holographic dual of this operation in the case where the original states are CPT-conjugate within R1, R2 to leading order in the bulk Newton constant G, and where the bulk duals are dominated by classical bulk geometries g1, g2. For states of fixed area on the R1, R2 HRT-surfaces, we argue that the bulk geometry g1#g2 dual to the newly sewn state is given by deleting the entanglement wedges of R1, R2 from g1, g2, gluing the remaining complementary entanglement wedges of $$ {\overline{R}}_1,{\overline{R}}_2 $$

R
¯

1

,

R
¯

2

together across the HRT surface, and solving the equations of motion to the past and future. The argument uses the bulk path integral and assumes it to be dominated by a certain natural saddle. For states where the HRT area is not fixed, the same bulk cut-and-paste is dual to a modified sewing that produces a generalization of the canonical purification state $$ \sqrt{\rho } $$

ρ

discussed recently by Dutta and Faulkner. Either form of the construction can be used to build CFT states dual to bulk geometries associated with multipartite reflected entropy.
Efficacy of Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Large (≥3 cm) Benign Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Khanh Huynh Quang , Hung Ngo Quoc , Vinh Vu Huu , Khoi Nguyen Van , Vuong Nguyen Lam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLarge (≥3 cm) benign thyroid nodules usually cause clinical symptoms or cosmetic concerns and therefore require treatment. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a potential valid non‐surgical treatment alternative, but there is a lack of evidence. Thus, this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MWA in the treatment of large benign thyroid nodules.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 42 large benign thyroid nodules in 40 patients treated with MWA. We used the trans‐isthmic approach and moving‐shot technique to perform the procedure under ultrasound (US) guidance. Patients were followed by clinical and US examinations at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the MWA. Study outcomes were complications, volume reduction ratio (VRR), symptom and cosmetic scores, and the requirement of multiple MWA sessions.ResultsThere were 31 females and 9 males, with a median age of 46 years. The medians of largest diameter and volume of the nodules were 40 mm and 22 ml. Four (10%) minor complications were observed. The mean VRR was 75.1, 85.2, and 96.4% after 3, 6, and 12 months. The mean symptom and cosmetic scores dropped from 8.0 and 3.8 (before treatment) to 2.8 and 2.3 (at 12 months), respectively. Thirteen nodules (31%) required two MWA sessions.ConclusionsMWA is safe, effective, and can be a good option to treat large benign thyroid nodules. More studies with large dataset and long follow‐up are required to improve its safety and efficacy.
The immunology of other mycobacteria: M. ulcerans, M. leprae
Authors: Röltgen Katharina , Pluschke Gerd , Spencer John Stewart , Brennan Patrick Joseph , Avanzi Charlotte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMycobacterial pathogens can be categorized into three broad groups:Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex causing tuberculosis,M. lepraeandM. lepromatosiscausing leprosy, and atypical mycobacteria, or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), responsible for a wide range of diseases. Among the NTMs,M. ulceransis responsible for the neglected tropical skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU). Most pathogenic mycobacteria, includingM. leprae, evade effector mechanisms of the humoral immune system by hiding and replicating inside host cells and are furthermore excellent modulators of host immune responses. In contrast,M. ulceransreplicates predominantly extracellularly, sheltered from host immune responses through the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of mycolactone, a macrolide produced by the bacteria. In the year 2018, 208,613 new cases of leprosy and 2713 new cases of BU were reported to WHO, figures which are notoriously skewed by vast underreporting of these diseases.
Why do dogs look back at the human in an impossible task? Looking back behaviour may be over-interpreted
Authors: Lazzaroni Martina , Marshall-Pescini Sarah , Manzenreiter Helena , Gosch Sarah , Přibilová Lucy , Darc Larissa , McGetrick Jim , Range Friederike 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impossible task paradigm has been extensively used to study the looking back behaviour in dogs. This behaviour is commonly considered a social problem-solving strategy: dogs facing an unsolvable task, soon give up and look back at the experimenter to ask for help. We aimed to test if the looking back in an impossible task does indeed represent a social problem-solving strategy. We used a modified version of the classic impossible task, in which the subjects simultaneously faced three possible and one impossible trials. Additionally, subjects were tested in four different conditions: social condition (with an unknown experimenter); asocial condition (subject alone); 'dummy' human condition (with a ‘dummy’ human); object condition (with a big sheet of cardboard). Finally, we compared two populations of dogs differing in their experience of receiving help from humans: 20 pet dogs tested in their houses and 31 free-ranging dogs tested in Morocco. We found that the pet dogs and free-ranging dogs had similar persistence in interacting with the impossible task in all conditions. Moreover, subjects looked back with similar latencies at the human, at the dummy human and at the object. Overall, pet dogs looked back longer at the human than free-ranging dogs. This could be interpreted as pet dogs being more attracted to humans and/or having a stronger association between humans and food than free-ranging dogs. Concluding, the looking back in an impossible task does not represent a problem-solving strategy. This behaviour seems rather linked to the subject’s persistence, to the salience of the stimuli presented, and potentially to the past reinforcement history.
Abdominal paracentesis drainage attenuates severe acute pancreatitis by enhancing cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Chen , Huang Qilin , Yuan Xiaohui , Yang Yi , Wang Bing , Huang Zhu , Tang Lijun , Sun Hongyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur previous studies have shown that abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) is a safe and effective strategy for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, the underlying mechanisms behind APD treatment remain poorly understood. Given that apoptosis is a critical pathological response of SAP, we here aim to investigate the effect of APD on cell apoptosis in pancreatic tissues during SAP and to explore its potential molecular mechanism. SAP was induced by 5% sodium-taurocholate retrograde while APD group was inserted a drainage tube into the right lower abdomen of rats immediately after SAP induction. Histopathological staining, serum amylase, endotoxin and inflammatory mediators were measured. Cell apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins and signaling pathway were also evaluated. Our results demonstrated that APD treatment significantly attenuated pancreatic damage and decreased the serum levels of amylase, endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in rats with SAP. Notably, APD treatment enhanced cell apoptosis and reduced necrosis in pancreatic tissues, as evidenced by Tunnel staining, the increased pro-apoptosis proteins (Cleaved-caspase-3 and bax) and decreased anti-apoptosis protein (Bcl-2). Moreover, the effect of APD on cell apoptosis was further confirmed by the regulatory pathway of PI3K/AKT and NF-kB signaling pathway. These results suggest that APD attenuates the severity of SAP by enhancing cell apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the effectiveness of APD in patients with SAP.
Effects of invasive larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) on disease transmission, growth and survival in the larvae of native amphibians
Authors: Blaustein Andrew R. , Jones Devin K. , Urbina Jenny , Cothran Ricky D. , Harjoe Carmen , Mattes Brian , Buck Julia C. , Bendis Randall , Dang Trang , Gervasi Stephanie S. , Relyea Rick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms by which invasive species negatively affect native species include competition, predation, and the introduction of novel pathogens. Moreover, if an invasive species is a competent disease reservoir, it may facilitate the long-term maintenance and spread of pathogens in ecological assemblages and drive the extinction of less tolerant or less resistant species. Disease-driven loss of biodiversity is exemplified by the amphibian–chytrid fungus system. The disease chytridiomycosis is caused by the aquatic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in anurans and is associated with worldwide amphibian population declines and extinctions. For amphibian species that metamorphose and leave infected aquatic habitats, the mechanisms by which Bd persists over winter in these habitats remains a critical open question. A leading hypothesis is that American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), a worldwide invasive species, are tolerant to Bd and serve as a reservoir host for Bd during winter months and subsequently infect native species that return to breed in spring. Using outdoor mesocosms, we experimentally examined if two strains of Bd could overwinter in aquatic systems, in the presence or absence of bullfrog tadpoles, and if overwintered Bd could be transmitted to tadpoles of two spring-breeding species: Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) and Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae). We found that only 4 of 448 total animals (one bullfrog and three spring breeders) tested positive for Bd after overwintering. Moreover, two of the three infected spring breeders emerged from tanks that contained overwintered Bd but in the absence of infected bullfrogs. This suggests that Bd can persist over winter without bullfrogs as a reservoir host. We found no effect of Bd strain on bullfrog survival after overwintering. For Pacific treefrogs, Bd exposure did not significantly affect mass at or time to metamorphosis while exposure to bullfrogs reduced survival. For Cascades frogs, we found an interactive effect of Bd strain and bullfrog presence on time to metamorphosis, but no main or interactive effects on their survival or mass at metamorphosis. In short, bullfrog tadpoles rarely retained and transmitted Bd infection in our experiment and we found limited evidence that Bd successfully overwinters in the absence of bullfrog tadpoles and infects spring-breeding amphibians.
Plant invasions in New Zealand: global lessons in prevention, eradication and control
Authors: Hulme Philip E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe number of non-native plant species established outside of cultivation in the New Zealand archipelago is higher than for any other islands worldwide. Faced with this scale of plant invasions, there has been considerable investment in the scientific and operational aspects of prevention, eradication and control. As a result, New Zealand is ideally placed to illustrate the many challenges that plant invasions present worldwide as well as the possible solutions. New Zealand has been at the forefront of biosecurity policy developments to tackle plant invasions being one of the first countries to: (a) implement national legislation to address the management of non-native plants; (b) establish a national permitted list (white-list) for plant imports; and (c) introduce bans on the sale, distribution, or propagation of non-native plant species. However, these preventative measure are only effective where there are also adequate border inspection regimes, compliance monitoring of the horticulture industry, and surveillance of internet trade. While New Zealand has successfully eradicated several non-native plant species from its territory, the small number of successes reflects the short-term, local and often uncoordinated efforts to manage non-native plants rather than national programmes backed by legislation and financed over several decades. New Zealand supports a world-leading biological control programme, but this has led to sustained, large-scale control for only a handful of species. In natural areas, most management attempts using mechanical or herbicide treatments have failed to achieve control and there has been a progressive reduction in the area, and frequency of these programmes over time. This is illustrative of the challenges facing those responsible for managing non-native plants in any region of the world. A general insight is that a shift in mindset is required that overcomes significant cognitive biases that include succumbing to the pressure to always intervene, underestimating the non-linear trajectories of invasions, failing to articulate the values at stake, and underestimating the time programmes require to succeed. Important lessons of global relevance include the need for managers to: (a) recognise when and where sleeper weeds are likely to become a national issue, especially as a result of climate change; (b) quantify impacts on those values that stakeholders most cherish rather than those that are easy to measure; (c) provide accurate estimates of the potential future extent of the invasion in the absence of management; and (d) identify clear indicators of successful progress over the course of a long-term management programme.
Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of various HER2-targeted regimens after prior taxane/trastuzumab in patients with previously treated, unresectable, or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Paracha Noman , Reyes Adriana , Diéras Véronique , Krop Ian , Pivot Xavier , Urruticoechea Ander 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the absence of head-to-head trial data, network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to compare trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) with other approved treatments for previously treated patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer (BC).

Methods
Systematic reviews were conducted of published controlled trials of treatments for unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive BC with early relapse (≤ 6 months) following adjuvant therapy or progression after trastuzumab (Tras) + taxane published from January 1998 to January 2018. Random-effects NMA was conducted for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety endpoints.

Results
The NMA included regimens from seven randomized controlled trials: T-DM1 and combinations of Tras, capecitabine (Cap), lapatinib (Lap), neratinib, or pertuzumab (Per; unapproved). OS results favored T-DM1 over approved comparators: hazard ratio (HR) (95% credible interval [95% CrI]) vs Cap 0.68 (0.39, 1.10), LapCap 0.76 (0.51, 1.07), TrasCap 0.78 (0.44, 1.19). PFS trends favored T-DM1 over all other treatments: HR (95% CrI) vs Cap 0.38 (0.19, 0.74), LapCap 0.65 (0.40, 1.10), TrasCap 0.62 (0.34, 1.18); ORR with T-DM1 was more favorable than with all approved treatments. In surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis T-DM1 ranked highest for all efficacy outcomes. Discontinuation due to adverse events was less likely with T-DM1 than with all comparators except neratinib. In general, gastrointestinal side effects were less likely and elevated liver transaminases and thrombocytopenia more likely with T-DM1 than with comparators.

Conclusions
The efficacy and tolerability profiles of T-DM1 are generally favorable compared with other treatments for unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive BC.
Further development of the database of the Mössbauer Effect Data Center
Authors: Klencsár Zoltán , Wang Junhu , Ge Rile , Zhou Wenhui , Liu Duorong , Rykov Alexandre I. , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Mössbauer spectroscopy database compiled and maintained by the Mössbauer Effect Data Center (MEDC) is a unique, wide-scope Mössbauer-spectroscopy related information resource, which forms the basis of information services provided by the Mössbauer Effect Data Center to the worldwide scientific community. The Mössbauer Effect Reference and Data Journal (MERDJ) and the Mössbauer Web Access Database (MWAD), both published by MEDC, are widely known examples of the services that rely on the MEDC database. In recent years a further improvement of these services, especially that of MWAD, has been envisaged, and as a first step of the corresponding process the further development of the MEDC database was started. In the present work we introduce the main features of the MEDC database and the steps that have been already taken in the frame of its further development. Implications of the work regarding the associated services are also presented.
The quadratic cycle cover problem: special cases and efficient bounds
Authors: de Meijer Frank , Sotirov Renata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quadratic cycle cover problem is the problem of finding a set of node-disjoint cycles visiting all the nodes such that the total sum of interaction costs between consecutive arcs is minimized. In this paper we study the linearization problem for the quadratic cycle cover problem and related lower bounds. In particular, we derive various sufficient conditions for the quadratic cost matrix to be linearizable, and use these conditions to compute bounds. We also show how to use a sufficient condition for linearizability within an iterative bounding procedure. In each step, our algorithm computes the best equivalent representation of the quadratic cost matrix and its optimal linearizable matrix with respect to the given sufficient condition for linearizability. Further, we show that the classical Gilmore–Lawler type bound belongs to the family of linearization based bounds, and therefore apply the above mentioned iterative reformulation technique. We also prove that the linearization vectors resulting from this iterative approach satisfy the constant value property. The best among here introduced bounds outperform existing lower bounds when taking both quality and efficiency into account.
Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity is independently associated with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a Chinese community-based cohort
Authors: Jiang Yimeng , Fan Fangfang , Jia Jia , He Danmei , Sun Pengfei , Wu Zhongli , Huo Yong , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Arterial stiffness is important in the development of albuminuria. The brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) acts as an indicator of arterial stiffness and may be associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a metric used to diagnose albuminuria and has also been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Here, we aim to elucidate the relationship between the baPWV and UACR in the Chinese community.

Methods
A community-based cohort of 3669 subjects was selected for the analysis. The BaPWV and UACR were measured from each subject. UACR ≥ 30 mg/g was defined as pathological albuminuria.

Results
The mean baPWV was 1536.59 ± 305.89 cm/s, and the median UACR value was 6.11 mg/g (interquartile range 4.17, 10.68). A threshold-effect analysis was conducted, and the results showed that the cut-off value for the baPWV was 1269 cm/s. In subjects with baPWV values lower than 1269 cm/s, the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was not significantly associated with the baPWV (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.57–1.03, P = 0.08). However, in participants with baPWV ≥ 1269 cm/s, the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria increased with increasing baPWV 100 cm/s (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.22, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that, in this Chinese community-based cohort, elevated baPWV is independently associated with pathological albuminuria with a cut-off value of 1269 cm/s as determined by threshold-effect analysis.
Applying a socio-ecological green network framework to Xi’an City, China
Authors: Xiu Na , Ignatieva Maria , van den Bosch Cecil Konijnendijk , Zhang Shuoxin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGreen–blue space loss and fragmentation are particularly acute in Chinese cities due to rapid urbanization, large ring-road system and the following city compartments. Therefore, connecting urban green–blue spaces has been recently advocated by central government. This paper revised and applied the recently developed urban green network approach to the case of Xi’an city, China, a city which has been rarely studied before from this perspective. The focus was on connecting fragments of urban green–blue spaces to compact green–blue networks, integrating both social and ecological functions into a fully functioning entity. Landscape metric analysis was added to identify that the main city outside the city core should be a planning priority zone. The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) and humans at leisure were selected as three focal species to meet the emerged socio-ecological benefits. Sociotope and biotope maps were drawn up to identify patches with high human recreation and wildlife shelter values and providing crucial network structures. Least-cost-path model was used for identifying potential linkages between patches. This model was based on network structures and cost surface, which measures the theoretical energy cost of travelling between landscape elements. By integrating the potential paths for the selected organisms with density analysis, the updated framework generated three improvement maps for species indicators, and 10 network corridors for establishing green–blue networks at city scale. At neighbourhood scale, one site with habitat and linkage examples illustrated specific measures that could be taken in local practice.
The early bird catches the worm: an empirical analysis of imprinting in social entrepreneurship
Authors: Dickel Petra , Sienknecht Monika , Hörisch Jacob 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the antecedents of social entrepreneurship is critical for unleashing the potential of social entrepreneurship and thus for tackling social problems. While research has provided valuable insights into imprinting of the conventional entrepreneur, research on differences between social and conventional entrepreneurship suggests that social entrepreneurs evolve differently. Using survey data of 148 social entrepreneurs, we draw on the concepts of imprinting and critical incident recognition as a framework for understanding how social entrepreneur’s childhood experiences and parental exposure to social entrepreneurship affect social entrepreneurial activity in adulthood. First, our results suggest that social entrepreneurs are imprinted by their childhood experiences but not by parental exposure to social entrepreneurship. Second, imprints tend to persist over time when they are linked to critical incidents regarding social entrepreneurship. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of imprinting mechanisms in social entrepreneurship contexts and highlight the importance of making examples of social entrepreneurship tangible to children.
Integrable Magnetic Flows on the Two-Torus: Zoll Examples and Systolic Inequalities
Authors: Asselle Luca , Benedetti Gabriele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study some aspects of integrable magnetic systems on the two-torus. On the one hand, we construct the first non-trivial examples with the property that all magnetic geodesics with unit speed are closed. On the other hand, we show that those integrable magnetic systems admitting a global surface of section satisfy a sharp systolic inequality.