bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WB5−x: Synthesis, Properties, and Crystal Structure—New Insights into the Long‐Debated Compound
Authors: Kvashnin Alexander G. , Rybkovskiy Dmitry V. , Filonenko Vladimir P. , Bugakov Vasilii I. , Zibrov Igor P. , Brazhkin Vadim V. , Oganov Artem R. , Osiptsov Andrey A. , Zakirov Artem Ya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent theoretical prediction of a new compound, WB5, has spurred the interest in tungsten borides and their possible implementation in industry. In this research, the experimental synthesis and structural description of a boron‐rich tungsten boride and measurements of its mechanical properties are performed. The ab initio calculations of the structural energies corresponding to different local structures make it possible to formulate the rules determining the likely local motifs in the disordered versions of the WB5 structure, all of which involve boron deficit. The generated disordered WB4.18 and WB4.86 models both perfectly match the experimental data, but the former is the most energetically preferable. The precise crystal structure, elastic constants, hardness, and fracture toughness of this phase are calculated, and these results agree with the experimental findings. Because of the compositional and structural similarity with predicted WB5, this phase is denoted as WB5−x. Previously incorrectly referred to as “WB4,” it is distinct from earlier theoretically suggested WB4, a phase with a different crystal structure that has not yet been synthesized and is predicted to be thermodynamically stable at pressures above 1 GPa. Mild synthesis conditions (enabling a scalable synthesis) and excellent mechanical properties make WB5−x a very promising material for drilling technology.
Oxytocin Differentially Modulates Amygdala Responses during Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Aversive Anticipation
Authors: Xin Fei , Zhou Xinqi , Dong Debo , Zhao Zhongbo , Yang Xi , Wang Qianqian , Gu Yan , Kendrick Keith M. , Chen Antao , Becker Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability to successfully regulate negative emotions such as fear and anxiety is vital for mental health. Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been shown to reduce amygdala activity but to increase amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity during exposure to threatening stimuli suggesting that it may act as an important modulator of emotion regulation. The present randomized, between‐subject, placebo‐controlled pharmacological study combines the intranasal administration of OXT with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an explicit emotion regulation paradigm in 65 healthy male participants to investigate the modulatory effects of OXT on both bottom‐up and top‐down emotion regulation. OXT attenuates the activation in the posterior insular cortex and amygdala during anticipation of top‐down regulation of predictable threat stimuli in participants with high trait anxiety. In contrast, OXT enhances amygdala activity during the bottom‐up anticipation of unpredictable threat stimuli in participants with low trait anxiety. OXT may facilitate top‐down goal‐directed attention by attenuating amygdala activity in high anxiety individuals, while promoting bottom‐up attention/vigilance to unexpected threats by enhancing amygdala activity in low anxiety individuals. OXT may thus have the potential to promote an adaptive balance between bottom‐up and top‐down attention systems depending on an individual's trait anxiety level.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for Substitutional Doping of Monolayer MoS2 and Effectively Altering the Electronic Structure and Phononic Properties
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Jianqi , Han Bo , Xie Chunyu , Huang Xiaoxiao , Tian Kesong , Zeng Yi , Zhao Zijing , Gao Peng , Zhang Yanfeng , Yang Teng , Zhang Zhidong , Sun Shengnan , Hou Yanglong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubstitutional doping of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been proved to be an effective route to alter their intrinsic properties and achieve tunable bandgap, electrical conductivity and magnetism, thus greatly broadening their applications. However, achieving valid substitutional doping of TMDs remains a great challenge to date. Herein, a distinctive molten‐salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (MACVD) method is developed to match the volatilization of the dopants perfectly with the growth process of monolayer MoS2, realizing the substitutional doping of transition metal Fe, Co, and Mn. This doping strategy effectively alters the electronic structure and phononic properties of the pristine MoS2. In addition, a temperature‐dependent Raman spectrum is employed to explore the effect of dopants on the lattice dynamics and first‐order temperature coefficient of monolayer MoS2, and this doping effect is illustrated in depth combined with the theoretical calculation. This work provides an intriguing and powerful doping strategy for TMDs through employing molten salt in the CVD system, paving the way for exploring new properties of 2D TMDs and extending their applications into spintronics, catalytic chemistry and photoelectric devices.
Structural and Thermodynamic Understandings in Mn‐Based Sodium Layered Oxides during Anionic Redox
Authors: Kang Seok Mun , Kim Duho , Lee Kug‐Seung , Kim Min‐Seob , Jin Aihua , Park Jae‐Hyuk , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Jung Young Hwa , Yu Seung‐Ho , Mun Junyoung , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA breakthrough utilizing an anionic redox reaction (O2−/On−) for charge compensation has led to the development of high‐energy cathode materials in sodium‐ion batteries. However, its reaction results in a large voltage hysteresis due to the structural degradation arising from an oxygen loss. Herein, an interesting P2‐type Mn‐based compound exhibits a distinct two‐phase behavior preserving a high‐potential anionic redox (≈4.2 V vs Na+/Na) even during the subsequent cycling. Through a systematic series of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the anionic redox reaction originating from O 2p‐electron and the reversible unmixing of Na‐rich and Na‐poor phases are confirmed in detail. In light of the combined study, a critical role of the anion‐redox‐induced two‐phase reaction in the positive‐negative point of view is demonstrated, suggesting a rational design principle considering the phase separation and lattice mismatch. Furthermore, these results provide an exciting approach for utilizing the high‐voltage feature in Mn‐based layered cathode materials that are charge‐compensated by an anionic redox reaction.
Chirally Reversed Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Wu Peiyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColloidal liquid crystals (LCs) formed by nanoparticles hold great promise for creating new structures and topologies. However, achieving highly ordered hierarchical architectures and stable topological configurations is extremely challenging, mainly due to the liquid‐like fluidity of colloidal LCs in nature. Herein, an innovative synchronous nanofluidic rectification (SNR) technique for generating ultralong graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystal (GOLC) fibers with hierarchical core‐skin architectures is presented, in which the GO sheet assemblies and hydrogel skin formation are synchronous. The SNR technique conceptually follows two design principles: horizontal polymer‐flow promotes the rapid planar alignment of GO sheets and drives the chiral‐reversing of cholesteric GOLCs, and in situ formed hydrogel skin affords some protection against environmental impact to maintain stable topological configurations. Importantly, the dried fibers retain the smooth surface and ordered internal structures, achieving high mechanical strength and flexibility. The linear and circular polarization potential of GOLC fibers are demonstrated for optical sensing and recognition. This work may open an avenue toward the scalable manufacture of uniform and robust, yet highly anisotropic, fiber‐shaped functional materials with complex internal architectures.
Converting to Connect: A Rapid RE‐AIM Evaluation of the Digital Conversion of a Clerkship Curriculum in the Age of COVID‐19
Authors: Nagji Alim , Yilmaz Yusuf , Zhang Peter , Dida Joana , Cook‐Chaimowitz Lauren , Dong Junghwan Kevin , Colpitts Lorraine , Beecroft James , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic, a decision was made to remove medical students from clinical rotations for their own safety. This forced students on a core emergency medicine (EM) rotation at McMaster University to immediately cease all in‐person activities. An urgent need for a virtual curriculum emerged.MethodsA virtual curriculum consisting of asynchronous case‐based learning on Slack, ask‐me‐anything webinars, and online e‐modules was created to fill the need. We describe a program evaluation using the RE‐AIM framework and a social networking analysis of participants.ResultsMedical students (n = 23) and 11 facilitators (five residents, six faculty members) participated in this pilot study. Faculty members sent a mean (±SD) of 115 (±117) messages (n = 6), and mean (±SD) message counts for students and residents were 49.96 (±25; n = 23) and 39 (±38; n = 5), respectively. A total of 62,237 words were written by the participants, with a mean of 1,831 per person. Each message consisted of a mean (±SD) of 25 words (±29). Students rapidly acquitted themselves to digital technology. Using the RE‐AIM framework we highlight the feasibility of a virtual curriculum, discuss demands on faculty time, and reflect on strategies to engage learners.ConclusionsThe use of asynchronous digital curricula creates opportunities for faculty–resident interaction and engagement. We report the successful deployment of a viable model for undergraduate EM training for senior medical students in the COVID‐19 era of physical distancing.
Establishing Consensus‐based Objectives for the Creation of an Opioid Overdose Curriculum for Emergency Medical Services Clinicians
Authors: Trebach Joshua D. , Levy Matthew , Ali Fahad , Beauchamp Gillian , Biary Rana , Everett Christopher , Margolis Asa , Nawrocki Philip Stuart , Wendell Jonathan C. , Zour John , Stolbach Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEmergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are on the front lines of the opioid epidemic and are often the first health care personnel system to contact patients experiencing opioid toxicity. Although national educational guidelines include opioid toxicity, no specific standardized prehospital educational objectives or competencies exist. The goal of this project was to identify objectives for an EMS opioid toxicity curriculum that could be used for EMS training.MethodsA list of preliminary educational objectives from U.S. EMS training programs was compiled and reviewed by a group of experts. The Delphi method was used to attain consensus on a final list of objectives for an EMS opioid curriculum.ResultsA total of 107 opioid‐related preliminary objectives were identified and then narrowed down to 81 preliminary objectives after accounting for redundancy. After four successive rounds of evaluating/accepting/rejecting objectives, 18 final objectives were identified and unanimously approved by the expert panel.ConclusionWe identified 18 objectives to serve as a framework for an opioid toxicity curriculum for EMS clinicians. These objectives can serve as a basis for creating a standardized didactic training program for EMS training programs nationwide. Further evaluation will be needed to explore the best means for educational program delivery.
Quantum Thermalization and Vanishing Thermal Entanglement in the Open Jaynes–Cummings Model
Authors: Fan Li‐Bao , Zhou Yue‐Hui , Zou Fen , Guo Huan , Huang Jin‐Feng , Liao Jie‐Qiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe quantum thermalization of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model in both equilibrium and non‐equilibrium open‐system cases is studied, in which the two subsystems, a two‐level system and a single‐mode bosonic field, are in contact with either two individual heat baths or a common heat bath. It is found that in the individual heat‐bath case, the JC model can only be thermalized when either the two heat baths have the same temperature or the coupling of the JC system to one of the two baths is turned off. In the common heat‐bath case, the JC system can be thermalized irrespective of the bath temperature and the system–bath coupling strengths. The thermal entanglement in this system is also studied. A counterintuitive phenomenon of vanishing thermal entanglement in the JC system is found and proved.
Development of Industrially Scalable Method for Phospholipids and Branch‐Chain Fatty Acids of Dairy by‐Product
Authors: Price Nathan , Wan Zifan , Fei Tao , Clark Stephanie , Wang Tong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDairy phospholipids (PL) is of interest due to their health benefits and functional properties. Solvent fractionation of PL has not been commonly used in the dairy industry to fractionate milk fat to obtain or concentrate the PL. The total lipid extracted from the β stream, a waste by‐product of dairy processing, was used in this study to investigate suitable solvent and conditions to separate the neutral lipid from PL. A fixed lipid solvent ratio (1:10 g/v) was used at various fractionation temperatures (−20, 2, 15, 23, 40, and 60 °C) depending on the solvents. The use of acetone at 23 °C, not at the lower temperatures, led to a dairy lecithin product with high PL content, such as 71.5%. The more aqueous ethanol, i.e. at 70% concentration compared to 95%, was able to preferentially extract PL to form products with up to 74.7% PL, but the PL yield was much lower (26.3%) compared to acetone precipitation (97.9%). The enrichment of branch chain fatty acids proved to be very challenging due to the overlapping melting points with other fatty acids. The composition of the major fatty acids of polar and neutral lipids also showed interesting patterns that may indicate different nutritional and oxidative properties of the fractionated products.
The bottom‐up synthesis for aramid nanofibers: The influence of copolymerization
Authors: Shi Yifei , Qiu Teng , Tuo Xinlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAramid based on poly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) is widely concerned as high‐performance materials. Herein, copolymerized aramid nanofibers (CANFs) were prepared for the first time by a direct bottom‐up polymerization method without additives. Three kinds of third monomers of m‐phenylenediamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, and 2,5‐dichloro‐1,4‐phenylenediamine were separately copolymerized in PPTA and transformed into nanofiber dispersions in water medium. The characterization results revealed the relationship between the morphology of products and the structure as well as dosages of the different kinds of monomers, which was explained by the influence on conjugate regularities of the PPTA molecules. Furthermore, CANFs were used to build aramid paper blended in pure PPTA nanofibers, and the mechanical and insulation properties of composite paper were improved significantly, which would be of potential use as the new building block for aramid composite materials.
Effects of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated on flame retardant and mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Cheng Jiaji , Niu Shaoshuai , Ma Dan , Zhou Yue , Zhang Feng , Qu Wenjuan , Wang Dong , Li Shaoxiang , Zhang Xinlong , Chen Xianqun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, a flame retardant microcapsule ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated by polyurea (POAPP) was successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization method using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as core and polyurea as shell. The microencapsulation is observed by scanning electron microscopy and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and hydroscopicity test, which prove the success in synthesizing microencapsulation. When the POAPP is added into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), the flame retardant and mechanical properties are investigated using cone calorimeter, limited oxygen index test, and compressive strength test. The PHRR of RPUF‐POAPP20 decreased from 336.52 kW/m2 (Ref. RPUF) to 203.84 kW/m2 and the THR of RPUF‐POAPP20 was only 7.6 MJ/m2, which is 33.9% lower than that of Ref. RPUF. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index of RPUF‐POAPP20 reaches 24.8%, which increased by 36.3% compared to Ref. RPUF. Whereas the maximum compressive strength of RPUF‐POAPP5 was 7.46 MPa, which is higher than that of RPUF‐APP5.
Nonlinear decentralized load frequency control of multi‐machine power systems with exponential stability and low L2 gain against load disturbance
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Kang‐Zhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel nonlinear decentralized control method for a class of multi‐machine power systems. The aim is to construct a suitable decentralized feedback control law so as to guarantee that the large‐scale interconnected power system is exponentially stable and robust against load fluctuations. To this end, we propose a novel design algorithm based on the backstepping, which involves five steps and actively utilizes the locally measurable part of the tie‐line power to improve the performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through extensive simulation studies.
Adaptive Fractional High‐order Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Robotic Manipulator under Alternating Loads
Authors: Ahmed Saim , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators under varying loads with uncertainties and external disturbances is obtained by proposing model‐independent adaptive fractional high‐order terminal sliding mode control (AFO‐HoTSMC). The proposed AFO‐HoTSMC method is composed of an adaptive high‐order terminal sliding mode control integrated with fractional‐order (FO) control. An adaptive tuning control is utilised to evaluate the uncertain unknown dynamics of the system without relying on the prior knowledge of the upper bounds. FO control and HoTSMC are used to achieve the fast finite‐time convergence, chatter‐free control inputs, better tracking performance and robustness. The finite‐time stability of the overall system is investigated and derived from the Lyapunov stability criterion. Finally, to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed control method, comparative simulations with H∞‐Adaptive control, intelligent PD (iPD), intelligent PID (iPID) and adaptive third‐order SMC (ATOSMC) are realized to demonstrate the performance of AFO‐HoTSMC.
The Truth About Water Efficiency in the United States
Authors: DeOreo William B. 
Published: July 2020

Key TakeawaysIn December 2019, US president Donald Trump questioned the value of water‐efficient toilets, saying the need for excessive flushing eliminated any potential water savings.Research reports published in 1999 and 2016 demonstrate that water‐efficient fixtures—primarily toilets and clothes washers—led to significant savings in residential water use.The 1993 Energy Policy Act and the voluntary WaterSense program, which provide guidelines for residential plumbing fixtures, have been successful in helping US residents conserve water.
Exploring the binding mode of donepezil with calf thymus DNA using spectroscopic and molecular docking methods
Authors: Guo Hui , Xie Jiawen , Liao Tancong , Tuo Xun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDonepezil (DNP) is one of approved drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the potential effect of DNP on DNA is still unclear. Therefore, the interaction of DNP with calf thymus DNA (DNA) was studied in vitro using spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Steady‐state and transient fluorescence experiments showed that there was a clear binding interaction between DNP and DNA, resulting from DNP fluorescence being quenched using DNA. DNP and DNA have one binding site between them, and the binding constant (Kb) was 0.78 × 104 L·mol−1 at 298 K. In this binding process, hydrophobic force was the main interaction force, because enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of DNP–DNA were 67.92 kJ·mol−1 and 302.96 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively. DNP bound to DNA in a groove‐binding mode, which was verified using a competition displacement study and other typical spectroscopic methods. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum results showed that DNP interacted with guanine (G) and cytosine (C) bases of DNA. The molecular docking results further supported the results of spectroscopic experiments, and suggested that both Pi‐Sigma force and Pi‐Alkyl force were the major hydrophobic force functioning between DNP and DNA.
Patient-reported chronic pain after open inguinal hernia repair with lightweight or heavyweight mesh: a prospective, patient-reported outcomes study
Authors: Melkemichel M , Bringman S , Nilsson H , Widhe B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain after groin hernia repair is a significant problem, and it is unclear whether or not lightweight meshes help. This national register-based study investigated whether patients who underwent open anterior mesh inguinal hernia repair with lightweight mesh had less chronic pain than those who had hernia repair with heavyweight mesh.

Methods
All patients registered in the Swedish Hernia Register between September 2012 and October 2016 were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing patient-reported outcome measures 1 year after surgery. The present study examined open anterior repair with mesh sutured in place with non-absorbable sutures in male patients only. The primary endpoint, chronic pain, was defined as pain present in the past week that could not be ignored and interfered with concentration (on chores) and daily activities.

Results
In total, 23 259 male patients provided data for analysis (response rate 70·6 per cent). Rates of chronic pain after repairs using regular polypropylene lightweight mesh, composite (poliglecaprone-25) polypropylene lightweight mesh and polypropylene heavyweight mesh were 15·8, 15·6 and 16·2 per cent respectively. Adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis showed no significant differences between regular (odds ratio (OR) 0·98, 95 per cent c.i. 0·90 to 1·06) or composite (OR 0·95, 0·86 to 1·04) lightweight mesh versus heavyweight mesh. The most striking risk factor for chronic pain was young age; 19·4 per cent of patients aged less than 50 years experienced pain 1 year after hernia repair (OR 1·43, 1·29 to 1·60).

Conclusion
Patient-reported chronic pain 1 year after open mesh repair of inguinal hernia was common, particularly in young men. The risk of developing chronic pain was not influenced by the type of mesh.