bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family planning trends among community‐dwelling African refugee women
Authors: Agbemenu Kafuli , Auerbach Samantha , Ely Gretchen E. , Aduloji‐Ajijola Natasha , Wang Hua (Helen) 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeFrom 2009 to 2019, more than 175,000 refugees were admitted into the United States from African countries. What is known about sexual and reproductive health in this population is focused on perinatal outcomes; beliefs and attitudes towards family planning and related behaviors, which can impact perinatal health, have not been explored. Understanding these beliefs and attitudes can guide future work with this population.Study DesignA cross‐sectional, convenience survey of 100 community‐dwelling African refugee women was conducted.ResultsThe following research questions guided analysis: What are African refugee women's family planning attitudes (pregnancy intention, desired timing, perceived fecundity)? What are African refugee women's family planning behaviors (use vs. non‐use of methods, type of methods used)? and What socio‐demographic factors and family planning attitudes are related to family panning behaviors (use or non‐use of methods)? Almost 49% of participants reported ever using a method of family planning and 35% reported current use. Reasons for non‐use included desire for more children (28.8%), infrequent intercourse (22.0%), and fear of side effects (16.9%). Nearly two thirds expressed a desire for a future pregnancy (63.4%), but the majority reported wanting to become pregnant in two or more years (25.7%) or “when God wants” (24.8%). No significant relationship was found between family planning method use and future pregnancy intention, desired timing of future pregnancy, perceived fecundity, marital status, religious affiliation, number of years in the US. Having had any formal schooling decreased the likelihood of using a family planning method.Implications for Practice and ResearchLow family planning method use rates among African refugee women are not completely explained by desires for future pregnancy, perceived fecundity, marital status, or other sociodemographic factors. Concern for future fertility and fear of side effects were identified as potentially modifiable reasons appropriate for community based culturally congruent educational interventions on family planning use.
Camel nanobodies: Promising molecular tools against leishmaniasis
Authors: Abu Alshamat Enas , Kweider Mahmoud , Abbady Abdul Qader 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo characterize several anti‐Leishmania tropica nanobodies and to investigate their effect on Leishmania infection.MethodsSeveral immunological tests were implied to characterize five different (as confirmed by sequencing) anti‐L tropica nanobodies (NbLt05, NbLt06, NbLt14, NbLt24 and NbLt36) against parasite lysates or intact cells from different stages, promastigotes and amastigotes. Direct inhibitory effect of these nanobodies on parasite infection cycle on macrophages was tested in cell culture.ResultsAll the five nanobodies (with distinguished characteristics) were more specific to L tropica than to L major, but could equally recognize the lysate and the outer surface of the intact cells from the two main stages of the parasite. Nanobodies recognized several leishmania antigens (majorly between 75 and 63 kDa), and their proteinaceous nature was confirmed. Because of its role in leishmania life cycle, gp63 was considered a potential antigen candidate for nanobodies, and bioinformatics predicted such interaction. All nanobodies have a negative effect on the infectivity of L tropica, as they decreased the number of infected macrophages and the amastigotes inside those macrophages.ConclusionSuch anti‐leishmania nanobodies, with outstanding characteristics and important target, can be of great use in the development of promising treatment strategies against leishmaniasis.
Pregnancy intention and phthalate metabolites among pregnant women in The Infant Development and Environment Study cohort
Authors: Lyden Grace R. , Barrett Emily S. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Bush Nicole R. , Swan Shanna H. , Nguyen Ruby H. N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreconception life style and health play a pivotal role in positively impacting the health of a pregnancy, and this includes the reduction of exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals such as phthalates. We have previously demonstrated that women planning a pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology (ART) have lower phthalate metabolite concentrations than their non–ART‐using counterparts.ObjectiveTo determine whether women who intended to become pregnant had lower phthalate metabolite concentrations than those who had an unintended pregnancy, or whether change in phthalate exposure across pregnancy differed between these two groups.MethodsA total of 721 women enrolled in The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES), a multicentre US prospective pregnancy cohort; 513 (71%) indicated their pregnancy was planned. Urine samples from first‐ and third‐trimester visits were analysed for 10 specific‐gravity‐adjusted, natural‐log‐transformed phthalate metabolites. Simple and multivariable linear regression, adjusting for centre, race, age, income, marital status, and parity, were employed to determine whether phthalate metabolite concentrations differed by pregnancy intention.ResultsIn bivariate analyses, the geometric mean concentrations of all first‐trimester and most third‐trimester phthalates were higher in women with unplanned pregnancies. However, after covariate adjustment, only first‐trimester monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) remained associated with pregnancy intention, and the association changed direction such that unplanned pregnancies had lower MiBP concentrations (ß −0.18, 95% CI −0.35, −0.02).ConclusionsWe did not find evidence of a difference in phthalate exposure between pregnancy planners and non‐planners.
Elder abuse and its predictors: a cross‐sectional study in a rural area of West Bengal, eastern part of India
Authors: Sembiah Sembagamuthu , Dasgupta Aparajita , Taklikar Chandrashekhar S. , Paul Bobby , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Burman Jayeeta 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundElder abuse is an important public health problem hidden from public view in spite of its detrimental effect on physical and mental health. In the last three decades, there is responsiveness toward abuse of children and spouses worldwide but even today abuse and neglect of aged people seem to be the matter of least concern. This study aims to reveal the magnitude of elder abuse and its predictors.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study carried out in a community setting among elderly people (60 years and older) from October 2015 to September 2017 in a rural area of West Bengal, eastern part of India. Elder abuse was elicited by questions adapted from the Actual Abuse Tool. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 16.0). Logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal the factors associated with elder abuse.ResultsThe study found that 25.6% of the respondents had experienced abuse, psychological abuse being the commonest type. Disability was the most common perceived risk for abuse. Univariate logistic regression showed higher age (70 years and older), female gender, who were Scheduled caste, living in a nuclear family, having more than three children, financially and functionally dependent, who was suffering from depression and multimorbidity had increased odds of being abused. In multivariable logistic regression, people aged above 70 years, living in a nuclear family and dependent for instrumental activities of daily living remained significant predictors of abuse.ConclusionAround one in four of the respondents was abused in a 1 year duration which implies the urgent need for action. Routine screening for elder abuse at ground level and abuse prevention campaigns can be an important measure to alleviate this hidden problem. Also, there is a need to explore culturally specific forms of elder abuse to provide an age‐friendly environment.
Tectonic evolution of strike-slip zones on continental margins and their impact on the development of submarine landslides (Storegga Slide, northeast Atlantic)
Authors: Song Jing , Alves T.M. , Omosanya K.O. , Hales T.C. , Ze Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubmarine landslides have affected the mid-Norwegian margin since the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the role of tectonic movements, and most especially fault reactivation, in generating landslides offshore Norway is largely unconstrained. This study uses high-quality three-dimensional seismic and borehole data to understand how landslide development is controlled by faults propagating within the uplifted south Modgunn arch. Variance and structural maps above the south Modgunn arch show that: (1) local scarps of recurrent landslides were formed close to the largest faults, and mainly above strike-slip faults; (2) distinct periods of fault generation were associated with tectonic events, such as the breakup of the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and those events forming the south Modgunn arch; and (3) important fluid-flow features coincide with faults and sill intrusions. In total, 177 faults were analyzed to demonstrate that fault throw values vary from 10 ms to 115 ms two-way traveltime (8 m to 92 m). We propose that the long-term activity of faults in the study area has contributed to fluid migration, weakened post-breakup strata, and controlled the development of submarine slope instability. In particular, strike-slip faults coincide with the locations of several Quaternary landslide scars near the modern seafloor. Similar processes to those documented in Norway may explain the onset of large-scale landslides on other continental margins.
Effectiveness of a lumbopelvic monitor and feedback device to change postural behaviour: the ELF cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Cury , Milosavljevic Stephan , Terry Jane , Abbott J H 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this clustered, randomised controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of a lumbopelvic postural feedback device for changing postural behaviour in a group of healthcare workers. We hypothesised that workers exposed to auditory postural feedback would reduce the number of times forward bending posture is adopted at work.MethodsThis was a participant and assessor blinded, randomised, sham-controlled trial with blocked cluster random allocation. We recruited healthcare workers from aged care institutions. Healthcare sites were randomly allocated to the feedback or sham group (SG). A postural monitoring and feedback device was used to monitor and record lumbopelvic forward bending posture, and provided audio feedback whenever the user sustained lumbopelvic forward bending posture that exceeded predefined thresholds. The primary outcome measure was postural behaviour (exceeding thresholds). We used a robust variant of repeated measures mixed-effect model for assessing within-group and between-group differences in postural behaviour.ResultsWe recruited 19 sites, and 130 healthcare workers participated. There were no within-group changes on the number of times postural threshold was exceeded at 1-week follow-up (feedback group: −0.7, 95% CI −2.61 to 0.72; SG −0.3, −1.65 to 0.98), and no differences (0.05, 95% CI −1.83 to 1.94) between SG and feedback group.ConclusionsFindings from this trial indicate that audio feedback provided by a postural monitor device did not reduce the number of times healthcare workers exceeded the postural threshold.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000449437.
Evaluation of veterinary antimicrobial benchmarking systems at farm‐level in Europe: implications for the UK ruminant sector
Authors: Craig Aimee‐Louise , Buijs Stephanie , Morrison Steven 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundA number of European countries currently conduct mandatory farm‐level benchmarking for antimicrobial usage (AMU). This review describes the systems used, with emphasis on metric type and practical implications.MethodsThis report describes examples of four types of metrics used to measure AMU: count‐based, mass‐based, daily dose‐based and course‐based, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.ResultsThe Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Switzerland use daily dose‐based metrics to benchmark AMU at farm‐level, but each country diverges from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption methodology in its own way, including how the population ‘at risk’ is calculated. Germany operates a count‐based system. Threshold AMU values have been specified at farm‐level in the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark, and action is required from producers to reduce AMU above these values. The Netherlands and Belgium also benchmark veterinarians.ConclusionsFor mixed species farms common in the UK and Ireland, splitting AMU by species is recommended. It is also recommended that high priority critically important antimicrobials are benchmarked separately to other antimicrobials. No one metric is optimum; however, for ruminant livestock a daily dose‐based metric allows for country‐specific adaptations which may allow a higher degree of precision at farm‐level benchmarking in the UK and Ireland.
Mechanistic Insights for Optimizing PSMA Radioligand Therapy
Authors: Ravi Kumar Aravind S. , Hofman Michael S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
PSMA radioligand therapy is a promising new class of therapy for prostate cancer. Heterogeneity of PSMA expression is an important factor explaining variability in clinical results. The ability to visualize the target with theranostics provides unique mechanistic insights. Potential clinically applicable strategies to improve patient selection and optimize therapeutic efficacy are discussed.
See related article by Current et al., p. 2946
From Revolution to Modernising Counter-Revolution in Russia, 1917–28
Authors: Camfield David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents a historical-materialist approach to key issues of revolution and counter-revolution and uses it to analyse what happened in Russia between 1917 and the late 1920s. What took place in 1917 was indeed a socialist revolution. However, by the end of 1918 working-class rule had been replaced with the rule of a working-class leadership layer that was improvising a fragile surplus-extracting state of proletarian origin. The eventual transformation of that layer into a new ruling class represented the triumph of a modernising counter-revolution. The decisive determinants of these developments were material pressures acting, first, on a working class plunged into catastrophic social crisis and war and then, after the Civil War, on the party-state leadership layer that sought to maintain its state against both European capitalist societies and the classes from which it had to extract surpluses. However, aspects of Bolshevik ideology also played a role.
CASEarth Poles: Big Data for the Three Poles
Authors: Li Xin , Che Tao , Li Xinwu , Wang Lei , Duan Anmin , Shangguan Donghui , Pan Xiaoduo , Fang Miao , Bao Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnprecedented changes in the climate and environment have been observed in the three poles, including the North Pole, the South Pole, and the Third Pole–Tibetan Plateau. Although considerable data have been collected and several observation networks have been built in these polar regions, the three poles are relatively data-scarce regions due to inaccessible data acquisition, high-cost labor, and difficult living environments. To address the obstacles to better understanding the unprecedented changes in the three poles and their effects on the global environment and humans, there is a pressing need for better data acquisition, curation, integration, service, and application to support fundamental scientific research and sustainable development for the three poles. CASEarth Poles, a project within the framework of the “CAS Big Earth Data Science Engineering” program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aims to construct a big data platform for the three poles. CASEarth Poles will be devoted to 1) breaking the bottleneck of polar data curation, integration, and sharing; 2) developing high-resolution remote sensing products over the three poles; 3) generating atmospheric reanalysis datasets for the polar regions; 4) exploring the synchronization, asynchronization, and teleconnection of the environmental changes in the three poles; 5) investigating the climate, water cycle, and ecosystem dynamics and the interactions among the multispheres in the polar regions and their global effects; and 6) supporting decision-making with regard to sea ice forecasting, infrastructure, and sustainable development in polar regions. CASEarth Poles will collaborate with international efforts to enable better data and information services for the three poles in the big data era.
Bioinformatic prospecting and phylogenetic analysis reveals 94 undescribed circular bacteriocins and key motifs
Authors: Vezina Ben , Rehm Bernd H. A. , Smith Andrew T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCircular bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria with a N and C termini ligation. They have desirable properties such as activity at low concentrations along with thermal, pH and proteolytic resistance. There are twenty experimentally confirmed circular bacteriocins as part of bacteriocin gene clusters, with transport, membrane and immunity proteins. Traditionally, novel antimicrobials are found by testing large numbers of isolates against indicator strains, with no promise of corresponding novel sequence.ResultsThrough bioprospecting publicly available sequence databases, we identified ninety-nine circular bacteriocins across a variety of bacteria bringing the total to 119. They were grouped into two families within class I modified bacteriocins (i and ii) and further divided into subfamilies based on similarity to experimentally confirmed circular bacteriocins. Within subfamilies, sequences overwhelmingly shared similar characteristics such as sequence length, presence of a polybasic region, conserved locations of aromatic residues, C and N termini, gene clusters similarity, translational coupling and hydrophobicity profiles. At least ninety were predicted to be putatively functional based on gene clusters. Furthermore, bacteriocins identified fromEnterococcus,StaphylococcusandStreptococcusspecies may have activity against clinically relevant strains, due to the presence of putative immunity genes required for expression in a toxin-antitoxin system. Some strains such asPaenibacillus larvaesubsp.pulvifaciensSAG 10367 contained multiple circular bacteriocin gene clusters from different subfamilies, while some strains such asBacillus cereusBCE-01 contained clusters with multiple circular bacteriocin structural genes.ConclusionsSequence analysis provided rapid insight into identification of novel, putative circular bacteriocins, as well as conserved genes likely essential for circularisation. This represents an expanded library of putative antimicrobial proteins which are potentially active against human, plant and animal pathogens.
Causative factors of liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients. A single center study
Authors: Androutsakos Theodoros , Schina Maria , Pouliakis Abraham , Kontos Athanasios , Sipsas Nikolaos , Hatzis Gregorios 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients; however no consensus exists on HIV-related risk factors for it. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in a cohort of Greek HIV-infected patients.

Methods
Patients attending the HIV outpatient clinic of Pathophysiology Department at «Laiko» General Hospital in Athens, Greece, between December 2014 and December 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were confirmed HIV infection and age > 18 years. Exclusion criteria were Body-Mass index (BMI) > 40, liver metastases of malignant diseases and concurrent or previous chemotherapy.
Liver stiffness (LS) was measured using Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (TE) and laboratory tests were acquired in all patients. Patients were classified in 2 groups: those with mild or no fibrosis (equivalent to Metavir score F0-F2) and those with significant fibrosis (equivalent to Metavir score F3-F4).

Results
A total of 187 consecutive patients were included in this study. Median TE value was 5.1 kilopascals (KPa) (range 2.8–26.3), with 92.5% (173/187) of the patients having no/mild fibrosis and 7.4% (14/187) significant fibrosis.
On multivariate logistic regression analysis older patient’s age, abnormal serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, CD4/CD8 ratio and an increased number of liver related events (LREs) were significantly correlated with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Conclusions
In our cohort of HIV-infected individuals HCV/HIV co-infection, older age, alcohol abuse and CD4/CD8 ratio seem to correlate with fibrogenesis in the liver.
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young: case report and review focus on the radiological features and genetic alterations
Authors: Chen Yingqian , Tian Tian , Guo Xinwen , Zhang Fenfen , Fan Miao , Jin Huawei , Liu Dawei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A new type of epileptogenic tumor, the polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) was firstly reported by Jason T. Huse et al. at 2016. After that, only 1 case of PLNTY was reported by article. The radiological characteristics of PLNTY have not been concluded. The objective of our study was to report 3 cases of PLNTYs in details and to analyze the image characteristics and genetic alterations of PLNTYs by reviewing our cases and articles.

Case presentation
There were 3 cases diagnosed as PLNTY by pathology in our hospital during the last 10 years, with the average age of 15. They were all suffered from different degrees of epilepsy. All of them underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 2 of them underwent computer tomography (CT) imaging. The PLNTYs are all appearing as a solid or solid-cystic cortical mass with little mass effect and unclear boundary with normal brain tissue. They are all shown as hyperintensity in T2WI and iso−/hypointensity in T1WI with slight or no enhancement after contract enhanced in MR imaging. The “salt and pepper sign” in T2WI and grit calcification in CT images might be specific characteristics of PLNTY. All of them recovered after excision of the tumors. The gene tests revealed fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3)-TACC3 fusion and FGFR3 amplification in one case, and the B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) V600E mutation in another case.

Conclusion
In the image, the partial ill-marginated cortical mass with “salt and pepper sign” in T2WI or grit calcification in CT imaging might be the typical imaging characteristics of PLNTY. We also prove that the BRAF V600E mutation as well as the FGFR2 and FGFR3 have a close relationship with PLNTY.