bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Chen Ning , Shi Jianwei , Huang Jiaoling , Yu Wenya , Liu Rui , Gu Li , Yang Rong , Yu Zhaohu , Liu Qian , Yang Yan , Cui Sainan , Wang Zhaoxin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Children are especially vulnerable to pneumonia and the effects of air pollution. However, little is known about the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric hospital admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China.Methods A cross-sectional design was applied to explore the association between pediatric hospital admissions and levels of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Data on hospital admissions for pneumonia and levels of ambient air pollutants were obtained for the period of 2015 to 2018. Associations between pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia and ambient air pollutants were calculated using logistic regression and described by the odds ratio and relevant 95% confidence interval. The hysteresis effects of air pollutants from the day of hospital admission to the previous 7 days were evaluated in single-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models with adjustments for weather variables and seasonality. Lag 0 was defined as the day of hospital admission, lag 1 was defined as the day before hospital admission, and so forth.Results In the single-pollutant models (without adjustment for other pollutants), pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia were positively associated with elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter. A 0.5% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m3 increase in the nitrogen dioxide level occurred at lag 1 and lag 2, and a 0.3% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter occurred at lag 1. In the multi-pollutant models, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter remained significant after inclusion of particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.Conclusions This study illustrated that higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter increase the risk of hospitalization for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China. These findings imply that the high incidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia in children in Asia might be attributed to the high concentration of specific air pollutants in Asia.
Emergency staffers could guide local health-care providers constructing a team of mass CPR instructors: a survey report of knowledge and attitudes from Shenzhen City, China.
Authors: Lin Jinle , wang Conghua , Luo Yi , Zhang Wenwu , Dou Qingli , Wei Jian , Tao Wuyuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Few investigations concern about why the local health-care providers participate in mass Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training in developing countries. This study aimed to survey knowledge and attitudes of local health-care providers who candidate to be mass CPR instructors in China. Method This was a retrospective survey study. Data were obtained from candidates being mass CPR instructors (n=496) between March 2018 and December 2018. Whether they belonged to the emergency group or non-emergency group was based on their service department. The outcome was passed in the final examination. Binary logistic regression was performed to analysis. Result Passed rate in emergency group is higher than non-emergency groups (90.7%, 175/194 vs. 83.8%, 253/302, P =0.042).Consisting with higher frequency on receiving CPR training, emergency staffers were richer in dealing emergency situation such as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (58.2%), In-of-hospital cardiac arrest (95.4%), use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED) (96.4%), traumatic hemorrhage (83.5%), suffocation(74.2%), syncope (53.1%) and epilepsy (79.4%). In despite, younger group ( OR : 0.957, 95% CI [0.925-0.990]), previous training of AED ( OR : 2.698, 95% CI [1.441-5.050]) and pecuniary motivation (OR : 3.176, 95% CI [1.231-8.191]) independently affects being mass CPR instructors among health-care provider. Conclusion Because of better knowledge and skill, emergency staffers have ability to lead local health-care providers to build a team of mass CPR instructors. Our findings can be used to conduct public emergency education for health policy design in China.
Treatment of fecal matter by smoldering and catalytic oxidation
Authors: Saberi Shadi , Samiei Kasra , Iwanek Ewa , Vohra Samoil , Farkhondehkavaki Masoumeh , Cheng Yu-Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is a strong need for transformative sanitation systems in the areas of the world where open defecation habits and/or inadequate sewage treatment methods and facilities exist. This paper describes an innovative thermally efficient solid waste treatment process as a basis for an off-the-grid, non-sewered toilet in order to address this need. Human feces are combusted in a continuous-cyclic manner using two stages of smoldering and catalytic oxidation. It has been shown that thermal coupling of the two stages creates a self-sustained reactor that can combust wet fecal material containing up to 3.2 parts water to 1 part dry matter – equivalent of water content in healthy human feces – without the need for external heating, known as the ultimate challenge in direct combustion of human feces. Furthermore, it has been shown that air flow rate can be reliably used as a controlling mechanism for fecal destruction rate which means the same reactor could be operated for various and varying input rates. The present work demonstrates the potential for manufacturing low-cost, low-energy consuming sanitation systems that are more easily accessible to communities in need of such systems.
Removing nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously in stormwater runoff using permeable asphalt pavement system with a zeolite-regulated reservoir
Authors: Luo Hui , Guan Lin , Jing Zhaoqian , Zhang Zeyu , Tao Mengni , Wang Yin , Chen Chen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Stormwater runoff is identified as a major source of pollution in water bodies, and to limit the impact of these pollutants on groundwater quality, permeable asphalt pavement systems (PAPS) have been built worldwide. But so far, few have considered zeolite or regulated zeolite as a post-treatment in reservoirs in PAPS. This study aimed at investigating the efficiencies of modified zeolites in removing NH4+-N and TP from stormwater runoff and providing a novel insight into the research on the reuse of stormwater runoff by PAPS. The effect of PAPS with a zeolite-regulated reservoir on removing nutrient in stormwater was explored by artificial rainfall experiments and temporary storage experiments. Results showed that the removal rate of NH4+-N and TP in PAPS with a regulated-zeolite reservoir increased by 23.7% and 37.2%, respectively, during simulated rainfall events when compared to those without a regulated-zeolite reservoir. TP was mainly removed by the form of phosphorus precipitation such as Zr(H2PO4)2. Ion exchange and adsorption during the temporary storage period were considered as the main approaches for removal of NH4+-N and TP. This study can help develop an optimal strategy for the operation of PAPS in treating stormwater runoff from urban roads.
Falésia de Cajueiro da Praia: testemunho da dinâmica da costa piauiense
Authors: Santos da Silva Carlos Henrique , De Moura Fé Lima Iracilde Maria 
Published: March 2020

O Piauí possui a menor zona costeira do Brasil, com uma linha de apenas 66 km de extensão, representando apenas 0,89% do total brasileiro. Apesar disso, apresenta feições geomorfológicas singulares, tendo destaque a falésia de Cajueiro da Praia, única nesse litoral. É formada pelo afloramento Barreiras no contato com o mar piauiense, próximo ao limite leste do Piauí com o Estado do Ceará. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa envolveu revisão da literatura; trabalhos de campo; registro fotográfico e utilização de fichas de registro dos elementos e processos atuantes na área. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que essa falésia se compõe de sedimentos da Formação Barreiras, do terciário, recoberta por uma delgada camada de sedimentos quaternários. Conclui-se que os agentes costeiros são os principais responsáveis por sua evolução recente, por não ter sido identificadas interferências de uso antrópico nesse local. Sua dinâmica está representada por um terraço de abrasão, constituídos por clastos de quartzo e quartzito e óxidos/ hidróxidos de ferro, evidenciando a retrogradação atual da linha de costa.
Palavras-chave: Falésia; Morfodinâmica Costeira; Linha de Costa; Piauí.
Compartimentação geomorfológica da foz do Rio Jaguaribe e áreas costeiras adjacentes (Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil)
Authors: Carvalho Neta Maria de Lourdes , Claudino Sales Vanda 
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise dos elementos geoambientais e das feições geomorfológicas da desembocadura do Rio Jaguaribe e áreas costeiras adjacentes. Trata-se do recurso hídrico de maior abrangência e importância no Estado do Ceará, com foz caracterizada pela ocorrência de uma série de atividades socioeconômicas que via de regra estão alterando de forma negativa o meio ambiente. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir do uso da análise ambiental, pautada na metodologia geossistêmica, e contou com etapas de gabinete, laboratório (geoprocessamento) e trabalhos de campo, a partir do que foram consideradas a planície fluvial, a faixa de praia, os campos de dunas móveis e de dunas fixas, a planície flúvio-marinha e os tabuleiros costeiros. A perspectiva do artigo é contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento acerca do substrato natural da zona costeira cearense, com foque especial para a área de estudo, visando subsidiar o planejamento ambiental e formas mais sustentáveis de uso e ocupação do espaço regional.
Estudo da Dinâmica da Tropopausa sobre Natal-RN utilizando-se de dados de Radiossondagens de Balões Meteorológicos
Authors: Silva Júnior José Pedro , Silva Régia Pereira , Cazuza Elio Pessoa , Tenório Ricardo Bruno de Araújo , Borba Gilvan Luiz , Mendes David , Oliveira Anderson Luiz Pinheiro de , Araújo José Humberto de , Alcântara Maurício Lima de 
Published: March 2020

A tropopausa equatorial terrestre é, em geral, tratada como uma região de modestas variações de temperatura e vista apenas como uma interface entre a troposfera e a estratosfera. No entanto, trabalhos recentes têm sugerido que a tropopausa pode ser fonte de perturbações capazes de afetar localmente o clima troposférico. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve uma investigação detalhada das características da tropopausa equatorial sobre a região de Natal-RN, utilizando dados de radiossondagens de balões meteorológicos lançados pelo Centro de Lançamento da Barreira do Inferno (CLBI), entre os anos de 2010 a 2014. Além disso, comparações com modelos computacionais semi-empíricos como o MSIS-90 mostram divergências com os dados experimentais. Foram analisados um total de 1849 casos, sendo 949 sondagens diurnas e 900 noturnas. Foram comparadas as temperaturas mínimas da tropopausa com relação às estações do ano, e se constatou que o mínimo de temperatura ocorre no outono e o máximo durante o inverno, cujos valores médios são, respectivamente, 189,6 K e 194,5 K. A explicação proposta para estes resultados, relaciona a precipitação durantes estas estações com a liberação de energia para alta troposfera.
Current Insights of Inhibitors of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Inflammation
Authors: Awasthi Archana , Raju Mantripragada Bhagavan , Rahman Md. Azizur 
Published: March 2020

Background::
Inflammatory process is one of the mechanisms by which our body upholds us from pathogens such as parasites, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. Inflammatory stimuli activate many intracellular signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway and three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways which are mediated through extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. The p38 has evolved as an enticing target in treating many persistent inflammatory diseases. Hence, designing novel p38 inhibitors targeting MAPK pathways has acquired significance.

Objective:
Peruse to identify the lead target to discover novel p38MAPK inhibitors with different scaffolds having improved selectivity over the prototype drugs.

Methods:
Structure and the binding sites of p38MAPK were focused. Various scaffolds designed for inhibition and the molecules which have entered the clinical trials are discussed.

Results:
This review aspires to present the available information on the structure and the 3D binding sites of p38MAPK, various scaffolds designed for imidazole, urea, benzamide, azoles, quinoxaline, chromone, ketone as a potent p38MAPK inhibitors and their SAR studies and the molecules which have entered the clinical trials.

Conclusion:
The development of successful selective p38MAPK inhibitors in inflammatory diseases
is in progress despite all challenges. It was speculated that p38MAPK also plays an important role in
treating diseases such as neuroinflammation, arterial inflammation, vascular inflammation, cancer
and so on, which are posing the world with treatment challenges. In this review, clinical trials of
drugs are discussed related to inflammatory and its related diseases. Research is in progress to design
and develop novel p38MAPK inhibitors with minimal side effects.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Thymoquinone and Thymol Compounds from Nigella sativa L. that Inhibit Cag A and Vac A Oncoprotein of Helicobacter pylori: Probable Treatment of H. pylori Infections
Authors: Tabassum Heena , Ahmad Iffat Zareen 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Helicobacter pylori infection is accountable for most of the peptic ulcer and
intestinal cancers. Due to the uprising resistance towards H. pylori infection through the present and
common proton pump inhibitors regimens, the investigation of novel candidates is the inevitable
issue. Medicinal plants have always been a source of lead compounds for drug discovery. The research
of the related effective enzymes linked with this gram-negative bacterium is critical for the
discovery of novel drug targets.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to identify the best candidate to evaluate the inhibitory effect of
thymoquinone and thymol against H. pylori oncoproteins, Cag A and Vac A in comparison to the
standard drug, metronidazole by using a computational approach.

Materials and Methods:
The targeted oncoproteins, Cag A and Vac A were retrieved from RCSB
PDB. Lipinski’s rule and ADMET toxicity profiling were carried out on the phytoconstituents of the
N. sativa. The two compounds of N. sativa were further analyzed by molecular docking and MD
simulation studies. The reported phytoconstituents, thymoquinone and thymol present in N. sativa
were docked with H. pylori Cag A and Vac A oncoproteins. Structures of ligands were prepared
using ChemDraw Ultra 10 software and then changed into their 3D PDB structures using Molinspiration
followed by energy minimization by using software Discovery Studio client 2.5.

Results:
The docking results revealed the promising inhibitory potential of thymoquinone against
Cag A and Vac A with docking energy of -5.81 kcal/mole and -3.61kcal/mole, respectively. On the
contrary, the inhibitory potential of thymol against Cag A and Vac A in terms of docking energy
was -5.37 kcal/mole and -3.94kcal/mole as compared to the standard drug, metronidazole having
docking energy of -4.87 kcal/mole and -3.20 kcal/mole, respectively. Further, molecular dynamic
simulations were conducted for 5ns for optimization, flexibility prediction, and determination of
folded Cag A and Vac A oncoproteins stability. The Cag A and Vac A oncoproteins-TQ complexes
were found to be quite stable with the root mean square deviation value of 0.2nm.

Conclusion:
The computational approaches suggested that thymoquinone and thymol may play an
effective pharmacological role to treat H. pylori infection. Hence, it could be summarized that the
ligands thymoquinone and thymol bound and interacted well with the proteins Cag A and Vac A as
compared to the ligand MTZ. Our study showed that all lead compounds had good interaction with
Cag A and Vac A proteins and suggested them to be a useful target to inhibit H. pylori infection.
Nutraceutical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties of Pyropia vietnamensis (Tanaka et Pham-Hong Ho) J.E. Sutherl. et Monotilla
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Sharma Arun K. , De La Cruz Celia B. Vargas , Chaugule Bhupal , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Pyropia genus is one of the most nutritionally rich marine algae which
contain various bioactive compounds. Among Indian Pyropia species, Pyropia vietnamensis (P.
vietnamensis), which was earlier known as Porphyra vietnamensis has recently documented with
various reports. The present work is designed to evaluate the radical scavenging, nutraceutical and
microbicidal properties of Pyropia vietnamensis.

Methods:
P. vietnamensis was collected from the coastal region of Maharashtra, namely Harihareshwar.
Dried algal material was extracted with different solvents. Nutritional parameters such
as fatty acids, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, lipids, ash content and protein were measured as
per the standard protocol (WHO guidelines). Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric
procedures were used to estimate total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Free radical
scavenging activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide and superoxide
anion (O2¯) assays. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by in vitro microdilution procedure to
estimate minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration, against Gram--
positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris).

Results:
Nutritional analysis revealed that Pyropia vietnamensis contained a considerable amount
of dietary fiber, protein, carbohydrate, methyl palmitate, magnesium, sulphur and sodium. Total
phenolic content and total flavonoid content of methanolic fractions (913±21.7, 128±11.7) were
more than an aqueous fraction (841±21.2, 3.7±11.1). Aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions showed
significant antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (65.5±1.2 μg/mL, 68.3±1.6
μg/mL), nitric oxide (71.5±3.5 μg/mL, 52.3±1.9 μg/mL), and O2¯ (50.6±1.02 μg/mL,
62.1±1.03μg/mL) free radicals. Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest total
antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration as 110–490 μg/mL and minimum
bacterial concentration as 248–689 μg/mL against one Gram-positive and three Gram-negative microorganisms.

Conclusion:
Aqueous, ethyl acetate, and methanolic fractions of Pyropia vietnamensis exhibited good antimicrobial spectrum and antioxidant activity. This could be useful in preventing various oxidative stresses and pathogenic microbial strains.
A Comparative Study of 1D Descriptors Supported CoMFA and CoMSIA QSAR Models to Gain Novel Insights into 1,2,4-Triazoles Acting As Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Ray Rajdeep , Shenoy Gautham G. , Kumar T.N.V. Ganesh 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of deaths due to infectious disease
worldwide. There is an urgent need for developing new drugs due to the rising incidents of
drug resistance. Previously, triazole molecules showing antitubercular activity, were reported. Various
computational tools pave the way for a rational approach to understanding the structural importance
of these compounds in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to develop and compare two different QSAR models based on a
set of previously reported triazole molecules and use the best one for gaining structural insights into
those molecules.

Methods:
In this current study, two separate models were made with CoMFA and CoMSIA descriptors
based on a dataset of triazole molecules showing antitubercular activity. Several one dimensional
(1D) descriptors were added to each of the models and the validation results and contour
data generated from them were compared. The best model was analysed to give a detailed understanding
of the triazole molecules and their role in the antitubercular activity.

Results:
The r2, q2, predicted r2 and SEP (Standard error of prediction) for the CoMFA model were
0.866, 0.573, 0.119 and 0.736 respectively and for the CoMSIA model, the r2, q2, predicted r2 and
SEP were calculated to be 0.998, 0.634, 0.013 and 0.869 respectively. Although both the QSAR
models produced acceptable internal and external validation scores, but the CoMSIA results were
significantly better. The CoMSIA contours also provided a better match than CoMFA with most of
the features of the active compound 30b. Hence, the CoMSIA model was chosen and its contours
were explored for gaining structural insights into the triazole molecules.

Conclusion:
The CoMSIA contours helped us understand the role of several atoms and groups of
the triazole molecules in their biological activity. The possibilities for substitution in the triazole
compounds that would enhance the activity were also analyzed. Thus, this study paves the way for
designing new antitubercular drugs in future.
Alpha Tocopherol Loaded in Liposome: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization and Sperm Motility Protection
Authors: Taouzinet Lamia , Fatmi Sofiane , Khellouf Allaeddine , Skiba Mohamed , Iguer-ouada Mokrane 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Alpha-tocopherol is a potent antioxidant involved in sperm protection particularly during cryopreservation. However, its poor solubility limits the optimal protection in aqueous solutions.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of α-tocopherol by the use of liposomes.

Methods:
The experimental approach consisted to load vitamin E in liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method and the optimization carried out by an experimental design. The optimum solution was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscope. Finely, the impact on sperm motility protection was studied by the freezing technic of bovine sperm.

Results:
The optimum solution was obtained when using 10.9 mg/ml of phospholipids, 1.7 mg/ml of cholesterol and 2 mg/ml of vitamin E. The liposome size was 99.86 nm, providing 78.47% of loaded efficiency. The results showed also a significant positive impact on sperm motility after hours of preservation.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the current results showed the interest of liposome preparation as an alternative to enhance vitamin E solubility and to protect spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
Перенос заряда в планарных структурах на основе халькогенидной системы (As-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-100-x-=/SUB=-Bi-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кастро Р.А. , Ханин С.Д. , Смирнов А.П. , Кононов А.А. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe results of investigating charge-transfer processes in thin layers of a vitreous system (As_2Se_3)_100 – _ x Bi_ x are presented. A power-law dependence of the conductivity on the frequency and a decrease in the exponent s with increasing temperature are found. Charge transfer is a thermally activated process with two regions in the temperature dependence of the conductivity with the activation energies E _1 = 0.12 ± 0.01 eV and E _2 = 0.23 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. The results are explained in terms of the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model of hopping conductivity in disordered systems. The main microparameters of the system are calculated: the density of localized states ( N ), the hopping length ( R _ω), and the largest height of the potential barrier ( W _ M ).