bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autogenous Production and Stabilization of Highly Loaded Sub‐Nanometric Particles within Multishell Hollow Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Utilization for High Performance in Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Choi Won Ho , Moon Byeong Cheul , Park Dong Gyu , Choi Jae Won , Kim Keon‐Han , Shin Jae‐Sun , Kim Min Gyu , Choi Kyung Min , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSub‐nanometric particles (SNPs) of atomic cluster sizes have shown great promise in many fields such as full atom‐to‐atom utilization, but their precise production and stabilization at high mass loadings remain a great challenge. As a solution to overcome this challenge, a strategy allowing synthesis and preservation of SNPs at high mass loadings within multishell hollow metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is demonstrated. First, alternating water‐decomposable and water‐stable MOFs are stacked in succession to build multilayer MOFs. Next, using controlled hydrogen bonding affinity, isolated water molecules are selectively sieved through the hydrophobic nanocages of water‐stable MOFs and transferred one by one to water‐decomposable MOFs. The transmission of water molecules via controlled hydrogen bonding affinity through the water‐stable MOF layers is a key step to realize SNPs from various types of alternating water‐decomposable and water‐stable layers. This process transforms multilayer MOFs into SNP‐embedded multishell hollow MOFs. Additionally, the multishell stabilizes SNPs by π‐backbonding allowing high conductivity to be achieved via the hopping mechanism, and hollow interspaces minimize transport resistance. These features, as demonstrated using SNP‐embedded multishell hollow MOFs with up to five shells, lead to high electrochemical performances including high volumetric capacities and low overpotentials in Li–O2 batteries.
Spontaneously Self‐Assembly of a 2D/3D Heterostructure Enhances the Efficiency and Stability in Printed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Jinlong , Wang Chuan , Qiu Shudi , Zhao Yicheng , Gu Ening , Zeng Linxiang , Yang Yuzhao , Li Chaohui , Liu Xianhu , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Mai Yaohua , Guo Fei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly efficient, demonstration of high‐performance printed devices becomes important. 2D/3D heterostructures have recently emerged as an attractive way to relieving the film inhomogeneity and instability in perovskite devices. In this work, a 2D/3D ensemble with 2D perovskites self‐assembled atop 3D methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) via a one‐step printing process is shown. A clean and flat interface is observed in the 2D/3D bilayer heterostructure for the first time. The 2D perovskite capping layer significantly suppresses nonradiative charge recombination, resulting in a marked increase in open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the devices by up to 100 mV. An ultrahigh VOC of 1.20 V is achieved for MAPbI3 PSCs, corresponding to 91% of the Shockley–Queisser limit. Moreover, notable enhancement in light, thermal, and moisture stability is obtained as a result of the protective barrier of the 2D perovskites. These results suggest a viable approach for scalable fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with enhanced environmental stability.
Applications of Postresuscitation Debriefing Frameworks in Emergency Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hale Stephen J. , Parker Melissa J. , Cupido Cynthia , Kam April J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesPostresuscitation debriefing (PRD) is a valuable educational tool in emergency medicine. It is recommended by international resuscitation guidelines, has been shown to improve both patient outcomes and resuscitation team performance, and is frequently requested by medical learners. However, there is limited research comparing standardized debriefing frameworks. Not only does this hinder the ability of interested emergency departments (EDs) to adopt PRD, but it limits the quality of future debriefing research. We sought to identify and compare existing PRD frameworks to inform the implementation of effective PRD in emergency medicine.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA standards to identify debriefing frameworks used in the ED and other acute care settings for further analysis. Identified frameworks were analyzed and compared based on a method previously described in the literature.ResultsOur search identified six frameworks, which ranged from simple tools for immediate feedback to complex, hospital‐wide systems engineering–based approaches to quality improvement. Key findings were the importance of ensuring debriefing facilitators are properly selected and trained and of tailoring framework design to specific organizational targets. However, there is limited validation data for these frameworks, and more study is needed to identify and validate true best practices in PRD.ConclusionsAll six identified frameworks seem to be effective methods of debriefing. Given the breadth in debriefing methods and goals identified, this suggests that there may not be a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to PRD and that organizations should instead identify their own unique needs and barriers and adopt the debriefing framework that best addresses those needs. Other findings were the importance of well‐trained debriefing facilitators and the use of clear roles in organizing debriefings. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of postresuscitation frameworks with regard to both team performance and patient outcomes.
Malignant mesothelioma following repeated exposures to cosmetic talc: A case series of 75 patients
Authors: Emory Theresa S. , Maddox John C. , Kradin Richard L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsbestos is the primary known cause of malignant mesothelioma. Some cosmetic talc products have been shown to contain asbestos. Recently, repeated exposures to cosmetic talc have been implicated as a cause of mesothelioma.MethodsSeventy‐five individuals (64 females; 11 males) with malignant mesothelioma, whose only known exposure to asbestos was repeated exposures to cosmetic talcum powders, were reviewed in medical‐legal consultation. Out of the 75 cases, 11 were examined for asbestiform fibers.ResultsAll subjects had pathologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma. The mean age at diagnosis was 61 ± 17 years. The mean latency from exposure to diagnosis was 50 ± 13 years. The mean exposure duration was 33 ± 16 years. Four mesotheliomas (5%) occurred in individuals working as barbers/cosmetologists, or in a family member who swept the barber shop. Twelve (16%) occurred in individuals less than 45 years old (10 females; 2 males). Forty‐eight mesotheliomas were pleural (40 females; 8 males), 23 were peritoneal (21 females; 2 males). Two presented with concomitant pleural and peritoneal disease. There was one pericardial, and one testicular mesothelioma. The majority (51) were of the epithelioid histological subtype, followed by 13 biphasic, 8 sarcomatoid, 2 lymphohistiocytoid, and 1 poorly differentiated. Of the 11 individuals whose nontumorous tissues were analyzed for the presence of asbestiform fibers, all showed the presence of anthophyllite and/or tremolite asbestos.ConclusionsMesotheliomas can develop following exposures to cosmetic talcum powders. These appear to be attributable to the presence of anthophyllite and tremolite contaminants in cosmetic talcum powder.
Entamoeba histolytica infections in wild and semi‐wild orangutans in Sumatra and Kalimantan
Authors: Stuart Peter , Yalcindag Erhan , Ali Ibne Karim M. , Pecková Radka , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Morrogh‐Bernard Helen , Foitová Ivona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKey to the success of orangutan conservation management practices is the prevention of the introduction of infectious diseases to the remaining populations. Previous reports of Entamoeba spp. positive orangutans are of concern as Entamoeba spp. infection has been linked to morbidity and mortality in primates. It remains to be determined if the Entamoeba species infecting orangutans is the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Orangutan fecal samples have been collected from orangutans from sites in Sumatra (Bukit Lawang, Ketambe, and Suaq, 241 samples from 64 individuals), and two sites in Kalimantan (Sebangau and Tuanan, 129 samples from 39 individuals). All samples were from wild orangutans except for a proportion from Sumatra which were from semi‐wild (108 samples, 10 individuals). E. histolytica‐specific nested PCR assays were carried out on the fecal samples. A total of 36 samples from 17 individuals tested positive for E. histolytica. When compared with published sequences using NCBI BLAST the E. histolytica positive samples showed a 98–99% concordance. The majority (76%, n = 36) of the positive isolates came from semi‐wild orangutans in Bukit Lawang. This study supports the growing body of evidence that contact with humans is an important risk factor for infection of wild primates with E. histolytica.
To the hunter go the spoils? No evidence of nutritional benefit to being or marrying a well‐reputed Hadza hunter
Authors: Stibbard‐Hawkes Duncan N. E. , Attenborough Robert D. , Mabulla Ibrahim A. , Marlowe Frank W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe incentives underlying men's hunting acquisition patterns among foragers are much debated. Some argue that hunters preferentially channel foods to their households, others maintain that foods are widely redistributed. Debates have focused on the redistribution of foods brought to camp, though the proper interpretation of results is contested. Here we instead address this question using two nutritional variables, employed as proxies for longer‐term food access. We also report on broader patterns in nutritional status.Materials and MethodsWe measured male hunting success, hemoglobin concentration and body fatness among bush‐living Hadza. Hunting success was measured using an aggregated reputation score. Hemoglobin concentration, a proxy for dietary red meat, was measured from fingerprick capillary blood. Body fatness, a proxy for energy balance, was measured using BMI and bioelectrical impedance.ResultsWe find no statistically significant relationship between a hunter's success and any measure of his nutritional status or that of his spouse. We further find that: women are, as elsewhere, at greater risk of iron‐deficiency anemia than men; men had slightly lower BMIs than women; men but not women had significantly lower hemoglobin levels than in the 1960s.DiscussionThe absence of an association between hunting reputation and nutritional status is consistent with generalized food sharing. Null results are difficult to interpret and findings could potentially be a consequence of insufficient signal in the study measures or some confounding effect. In any event, our results add to a substantial corpus of existing research that identifies few nutritional advantages to being or marrying a well‐reputed Hadza hunter.
Ultra‐Narrow Depletion Layers in a Hematite Mesocrystal‐Based Photoanode for Boosting Multihole Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zhujun , Nagashima Hiroki , Tachikawa Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSignificant charge recombination that is difficult to suppress limits the practical applications of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) for photoelectrochemical water splitting. In this study, Ti‐modified hematite mesocrystal superstructures assembled from highly oriented tiny nanoparticle (NP) subunits with sizes of ca. 5 nm were developed to achieve the highest photocurrent density (4.3 mA cm−2at 1.23 V vs. RHE) ever reported for hematite‐based photoanodes under back illumination. Owing to rich interfacial oxygen vacancies yielding an exceedingly high carrier density of 4.1×1021 cm−3for super bulk conductivity in the electrode and a large proportion of ultra‐narrow depletion layers (<1 nm) inside the mesoporous film for significantly improved hole collection efficiency, a boosting of multihole water oxidation with very low activation energy (Ea=44 meV) was realized.
Prospects of Coupled Organic–Inorganic Nanostructures for Charge and Energy Transfer Applications
Authors: Steiner Anja Maria , Lissel Franziska , Fery Andreas , Lauth Jannika , Scheele Marcus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe review the field of organic–inorganic nanocomposites with a focus on materials that exhibit a significant degree of electronic coupling across the hybrid interface. These nanocomposites undergo a variety of charge and energy transfer processes, enabling optoelectronic applications in devices which exploit singlet fission, triplet energy harvesting, photon upconversion or hot charge carrier transfer. We discuss the physical chemistry of the most common organic and inorganic components. Based on those we derive synthesis and assembly strategies and design criteria on material and device level with a focus on photovoltaics, spin memories or optical upconverters. We conclude that future research in the field should be directed towards an improved understanding of the binding motif and molecular orientation at the hybrid interface.
Quantitative Detection of G‐Quadruplex DNA in Live Cells Based on Photon Counts and Complex Structure Discrimination
Authors: Liu Liu‐Yi , Liu Wenting , Wang Kang‐Nan , Zhu Bo‐Chen , Xia Xiao‐Yu , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractG‐quadruplex DNA show structural polymorphism, leading to challenges in the use of selective recognition probes for the accurate detection of G‐quadruplexes in vivo. Herein, we present a tripodal cationic fluorescent probe, NBTE, which showed distinguishable fluorescence lifetime responses between G‐quadruplexes and other DNA topologies, and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) enhancement upon G‐quadruplex binding. We determined two NBTE‐G‐quadruplex complex structures with high Φf values by NMR spectroscopy. The structures indicated NBTE interacted with G‐quadruplexes using three arms through π–π stacking, differing from that with duplex DNA using two arms, which rationalized the higher Φf values and lifetime response of NBTE upon G‐quadruplex binding. Based on photon counts of FLIM, we detected the percentage of G‐quadruplex DNA in live cells with NBTE and found G‐quadruplex DNA content in cancer cells is 4‐fold that in normal cells, suggesting the potential applications of this probe in cancer cell detection.
Structure‐based design, synthesis, and evaluation of Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 dual inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Wang Ziqian , Guo Zongwei , Zhang Xiaodong , Song Ting , Guo Yafei , Ji Tong , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on our previously reported Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 dual inhibitor 4‐thiomorpholinyl‐2‐cyano‐3‐amidinophenalenone (A1) that simultaneously occupies the p2 and p4 hydrophobic pockets of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1, we optimized molecules with different bond angles of the groups extending to the p4 pocket and bulky hydrophobic groups to explore p2. Research on structure–activity relationship resulted in a new derivative B4 that is capable of occupying both the p2 and p4 more deeply and completely than A1, with Ki values determined by fluorescence polarization assay (FPAs) improving to 0.31 μM for Bcl‐2 and 0.16 μM for Mcl‐1. Furthermore, B4 exhibited selective lethality on cancer cells over normal cells. It showed stronger apoptosis induction than (–)‐gossypol on a Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1‐dependent cancer cell line and killed an Mcl‐1‐dependent cell line which is resistant to ABT‐199 treatment.
Fabrication of Current Collectors and Binder‐Free Electrodes on Separators Used in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Delaporte Nicolas , Ossonon Diby B. , Zaghib Karim , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the fabrication of a composite electrode through the deposition of electrode materials directly onto a separator to avoid the use of a metallic current collector. In addition to being an active electrode material, this method employs only graphene as both a carbon additive and a binder. A major achievement is the elimination of heavy and inactive current collector, harmful solvents, and resistive binder. The deposition of the composite film electrode was applied through the filtrated dispersion of a redox active material and graphene through a separator (Celgard), which is commonly used in battery. The electronic conductivity of LiFePO4/Celgard electrodes was ∼10 times higher than that of conventional electrodes spread onto an aluminum current collector. The electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C (LFP) and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) half‐cells fabricated according to this process and a conventional method were compared. A clear improvement in the electrochemical performance for electrodes fabricated using the new method was observed, particularly at high C‐rates. LiFePO4/Celgard electrodes deliver specific capacities of up to 125 mAh.g−1electrode corresponding to more than 6 times the gravimetric capacity of an LFP electrode coated on Al foil. A LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 full cell made using film electrodes deposited on a Celgard membrane shows stable specific capacities during the cycling at various C‐rates and delivers a specific capacity of 106 mAh.g−1electrode at a C/10 rate.
Laboratory Notes, Laboratory Experiences, and Conceptual Analysis: Understanding the Making of Ohm's First Law in Electricity
Authors: Heering Peter , Keck Julian , Rohlfs Gerhard A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGeorg Simon Ohm's work in the field of electricity led to what is now considered to be the most fundamental law of electrical circuits, Ohm's Law. Much less known is that only months earlier, Ohm had published another law—one that differed significantly from the now accepted one. The latter entailed a logarithmic relation between the length of the conductor and a parameter that Ohm called “loss of force.” This paper discusses how Ohm came up with an initial law that he felt compelled to correct a few months later. We analyze Ohm's publication as well as his laboratory notes, relating them to our own laboratory experiences while using the replication method to study his work. We also discuss the conceptual background of Ohm's work. We conclude that he was significantly influenced by French studies in the field of electricity, most notably the ones by Charles Augustin Coulomb.
Commensal Rats and Humans: Integrating Rodent Phylogeography and Zooarchaeology to Highlight Connections between Human Societies
Authors: Puckett Emily E. , Orton David , Munshi‐South Jason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhylogeography and zooarchaeology are largely separate disciplines, yet each interrogates relationships between humans and commensal species. Knowledge gained about human history from studies of four commensal rats (Rattus rattus, R. tanezumi, R. exulans, and R. norvegicus) is outlined, and open questions about their spread alongside humans are identified. Limitations of phylogeographic and zooarchaeological studies are highlighted, then how integration would increase understanding of species’ demographic histories and resultant inferences about human societies is discussed. How rat expansions have informed the understanding of human migration, urban settlements, trade networks, and intra‐ and interspecific competition is reviewed. Since each rat species is associated with different human societies, they identify unique ecological and historical/cultural conditions that influenced their expansion. Finally, priority research areas including nuclear genome based phylogeographies are identified using archaeological evidence to understand R. norvegicus expansion across China, multi‐wave colonization of R. rattus across Europe, and competition between R. rattus and R. norvegicus.
Circular Nucleic Acids: Discovery, Functions and Applications
Authors: Li Jiuxing , Mohammed‐Elsabagh Mostafa , Paczkowski Freeman , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCircular nucleic acids (CNAs) are nucleic acid molecules with a closed‐loop structure. This feature comes with a number of advantages including complete resistance to exonuclease degradation, much better thermodynamic stability, and the capability of being replicated by a DNA polymerase in a rolling circle manner. Circular functional nucleic acids, CNAs containing at least a ribozyme/DNAzyme or a DNA/RNA aptamer, not only inherit the advantages of CNAs but also offer some unique application opportunities, such as the design of topology‐controlled or enabled molecular devices. This article will begin by summarizing the discovery, biogenesis, and applications of naturally occurring CNAs, followed by discussing the methods for constructing artificial CNAs. The exploitation of circular functional nucleic acids for applications in nanodevice engineering, biosensing, and drug delivery will be reviewed next. Finally, the efforts to couple functional nucleic acids with rolling circle amplification for ultra‐sensitive biosensing and for synthesizing multivalent molecular scaffolds for unique applications in biosensing and drug delivery will be recapitulated.
Probing the Brønsted Acidity of the External Surface of Faujasite‐Type Zeolites
Authors: Lakiss Louwanda , Vicente Aurélie , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Valtchev Valentin , Mintova Svetlana , Vimont Alexandre , Bedard Robert , Abdo Suheil , Bricker Jeffery 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe outline two methodologies to selectively characterize the Brønsted acidity of the external surface of FAU‐type zeolites by IR and NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed basic probe molecules. The challenge and goal are to develop reliable and quantitative IR and NMR methodologies to investigate the accessibility of acidic sites in the large pore FAU‐type zeolite Y and its mesoporous derivatives often referred to as ultra‐stable Y (USY). The accessibility of their Brønsted acid sites to probe molecules (n‐alkylamines, n‐alkylpyridines, n‐alkylphosphine‐ and phenylphosphine‐oxides) of different molecular sizes is quantitatively monitored either by IR or 31P NMR spectroscopy. It is now possible, for the first time to quantitatively discriminate between the Brønsted acidity located in the microporosity and on the external surface of large pore zeolites. For instance, the number of external acid sites on a Y (LZY‐64) zeolite represents 2 % of its total acid sites while that of a USY (CBV760) represents 4 % while the latter has a much lower framework Si/Al ratio.