bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary surgery for locoregional advanced oropharyngeal cancer: prognostic factors
Authors: Gomes Patrícia S. , Breda Eduardo , Monteiro Eurico 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence is rising in developed countries. These malignancies usually present in advanced stages and are associated with poor outcome. This work aims to ascertain the clinical and histopathological prognostic factors of locoregional advanced OPSCC treated with primary surgery in a tertiary oncology centre.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective chart review of all patients with advanced OPSCC who underwent primary surgery from 2011 to 2016. Overall and disease-free survivals were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical and histopathological prognostic factors were determined by univariate (Log Rank tests) and multivariate (Cox models) analyses. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 89 patients (89.9% male) with a mean age of 57.6±10.0 years were included in the study. Five-year overall and disease-free survivals were 53.9% and 57.7%, respectively. Pathologic N stage (HR=2.65 95% IC 1.32-5.32, p&lt;0.01), distant metastasis (HR= 3.26 95% IC 1.24-8.62, p=0.01) and postoperative radiotherapy (HR=0.02 95% IC 0.01-0.12, p&lt;0.01) were significantly correlated with overall survival. Pathologic N stage (HR=2.41, 95% IC 1.04-5.63, p=0.04) perineural infiltration (2.45, 95% IC 1.01-5.95 p=0.04), distant metastasis (HR=5.24, 95% IC 2.31-11.89, p&lt;0.01) and postoperative radiotherapy (HR=0.02 95% IC 0.00-0.18, p&lt;0.01), were significantly correlated with locoregional disease-free survival.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Knowledge of survival prognostic factors is crucial for selection of the appropriate treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. Pathological nodal stage, postoperative radiotherapy and the occurrence of distant metastasis were the main prognostic factors for overall and disease-free survivals in the present series. These findings may help to provide proper stratification in future randomized trials.</p>
Trend analysis in management of juvenile nasopheryngeal angiofibroma: our institutional experience
Authors: Vasani Heli H. , Joshi Chinmayee P. , Patel Kalpesh B. 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a vascular malformation rather than true neoplasm. It accounts for 0.5% of all head and neck tumors and its general incidence is 1:150,000. It is uncommon, benign, extremely vascular tumor that arises from tissues in the sphenopalatine foramen, the pterygoid base causing Early spread submucosally towards nasopharynx. Surgical excision is mainstay of treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective observational study carried out from March 2002 to March 2019, 130 patients underwent surgical resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Patients were divided in two groups with Group-A having patients from 2002-2010 and Group B having patients from 2011-2019.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total 130 cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with a mean age of 16.25 years (range 9-33) were treated by surgical excision from March 2002 to March 2019. In Group A patients open approach was used most often with endoscopic approach used only till stage II-A. In Group B patients the preferred surgical approach was trans-nasal endoscopic approach cases up to stage IV-A and open approach including the midfacial degloving approach and infratemporal approach was used cases with extensive intracranial, lateral infratemporal fossa, orbit, optic nerve, cavernous sinus involvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study shows that over the years there has been shift in surgical approaches used in treating angiofibroma with the advent of newer endoscopic method and addition of various technology such as coblation, navigation has made the procedure for a highly vascular tumor simpler.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Evaluation of serum lipid profile in female patients with hypothyroidism: a rural based study
Authors: R. Shilpa , Swamy K. Mallikarjuna 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hypothyroidism is the most common of thyroid disorders in India affecting one in ten adults and more so in women than men by 6 to 8 times with overall prevalence accounting to 11%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This hospital based prospective study was conducted in the outpatient ENT Department of district hospital, Koppal Institute Of Medical Sciences, Koppal, Karnataka between January to June 2019 which involved total 60 Female patients out of which 20 patients were euthyroid controls and the remaining 40 patients were having one or more clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism who were divided into group A (n=20, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) between 5 and 10 mIU/ml) and group B (n=20, TSH &gt;10 mIU/ml) based on TSH values. All 60 patients were in the age group of 35 to 55 years with a mean age of 42 years. Objective of study were to estimate serum lipids in female patients clinically diagnosed with hypothyroidism, to quantify the effect of lipid lowering drug and L-thyroxine therapy on TSH and serum lipid profiles. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides level in cases was higher than controls whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found significantly decreased in cases compared to controls.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In hypothyroid patients with TSH &lt;10 mIU/ml, Lipid lowering drug seemed to be sufficient to treat dyslipidemia. While in all hypothyroid patients with TSH &gt;10 mIU/ml, it’s imperative to institute L-thyroxine therapy for restoration of TSH and altered lipids back to normal levels.</p><p> </p>
Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in resolution of enuresis in children with sleep-disordered breathing: a hospital based prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania S. , Kahinga Aveline A. , Mapondella Kassim B. , Massawe Enica R. , Lengine Emmanuel Ole , Ntunaguzi Daudi 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains to be the commonest causes of sleep disordered breathing in paediatric patients and has been implicated as a cause of primary and secondary enuresis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in resolution of enuresis in children with sleep-disordered breathing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted at Ekenywa Specialised Hospital in Dar es Salaam, from May 2018 to February 2019. Two hundred children aged 3 to 15 years with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy who were admitted ready to undergo adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. Upon such evaluation, the primary outcome was the number of bedwetting incidents (nocturnal enuresis) post-operatively compared with pre-operative incidents. Patients were kept under follow-up for 3 months. Data were collected using structured questionnaires regarding number of bedwetting incidents, type of enuresis (primary or secondary) and family history of enuresis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and p-values &lt;0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of 200 children admitted for adenotonsillectomy, 80 (40%) had a positive history of preoperative enuresis, including 35 (43.8%) girls and 45 (56.2%) boys. All parents for the children consented to participate in the study. Three months after adenotonsillectomy, enuresis had resolved completely in 50 (62.5%) children and had shown relative improvement in 25 (31.3%) children. Enuresis had not improved in the remaining 5 (6.3%) children (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings from this study indicates that adenotonsillectomy can improve nocturnal enuresis and day-time incontinence in the majority of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.</p><p> </p>
Unmask the silent hearing loss: a study of audiological profile in children with chronic adenotonsillitis
Authors: Satish Hosaagrahara Subbegowda , Abhilasha Somashekhar 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic adenotonsillitis results in obstruction of eustachian tube (ET) due to edema, by mechanical obstruction and the upper respiratory tract infection disrupts the mucocilliary action of ET which can lead to otitis media with effusion (OME). This when unresolved can result in persistent hearing loss and this might cause subsequent delay in development of language, social behaviour, learning difficulties which will affect the academic performance. Young children as are unable to voice their hearing loss and sometimes due to inattentiveness of parents to child’s hearing disorder; this might be neglected. The condition remains masked for a long time and hence need to be unmasked for its appropriate management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is cross sectional study involving cases of chronic adenotonsillitis from November 2016 to May 2018. After enrolling the patients who met the inclusion criteria, their demographic details, examination findings including the findings of x-ray nasopharynx, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry were noted for analysis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 100 patients were studied in which history of hearing loss was seen in 23% and parents’ suspicions was in 22% of cases whereas hearing loss was demonstrated in 51% of cases using PTA ranging from 16-70 db in hearing level. Analyses of tympanogram revealed 43% to have either type B or type C tympanogram which are suggestive of OME.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Audiological screening for children diagnosed with chronic adenotonsillitis needs to be made mandatory to detect OME, the silent hearing loss as parents as well as children will miss out on it.</p>
Giant cell tumour of the flexor tendon sheath of the hand
Authors: Mallik M. R. , Nayak S. S. , Maharaj R. C. , Mishra N. R. , Chand D. K. , Chaterjee A. 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a benign soft tissue lesion most commonly found in the flexor aspect of hand and wrist. Recurrence of the tumor is common even after excision.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is an observational study where we present a review of 10 cases for which excision was done and were kept for regular follow up for minimum 6 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> No recurrences noted in our series with minimum six months to maximum two years follow-up though review literature shows 10-40% recurrence rates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Complete excision with regular follow up care is indicated for this neoplasm due to its high propensity towards recurrence. The most important factor deciding recurrence pattern is incomplete excision and leaving behind satellite nodules.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
NATIONAL AND CULTURAL REALIAS OF TRANSLATIONS INTO TATAR
Authors: K. Yerbulatova Ilmira , N. Kirillova Zoya , Sahin Liaisan 
Published: December 2019

Purposes: This article is devoted to the study of realityн translation, the identification of the main types and difficulties of translation based on the material of literary works translated from Russian into Tatar.
Implication/Application: Among the objective difficulties of the works of Russian writer translation into the Tatar language, one can note the mismatch of Russian and Tatar words or phrases expressing realities. It is especially difficult to translate those words and expressions that are close in meaning, but differ in “volume”.
Results: The authors show the dependence of translation strategy choice on external sociocultural and pragmatic factors. The study also found out what problems may arise during the transfer of realities in translation, and the main difficulties are highlighted that arise during the translation of realities, in particular, during the absence of an equivalent, correspondence or analogue in the translated language, the need to convey not only the meaning of reality but also its color.
Novelty: In our work, the essence of the realities was determined, the main aspects of reality transfer during translation were analyzed, the types of correspondences by a value between the realities, which can be grouped into three main ones, are considered: full, partial correspondence and its absence.
INTEGRATION OF FACEBOOK MESSENGER IN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE CLASSROOM: LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Nafea Farhan Raed , Shah Yusoff Zailin 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate learners’ attitudes and perceptions toward the integration of online discussion forum via Facebook Messenger into the EFL/ literature classroom.
Methodology: For this research, a convenience sampling method was used to collect 45 samples through a questionnaire to gauge learners’ attitudes and perceptions of using the online discussion forum for learning the literature from those who are incorporated for group discussions on the course’s prescribed novel, Lord of the Flies. The research data was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.
Main Findings: The results of the experimental study revealed that the respondents’ positive attitudes towards the integration of ODF (Overall Mean = 4.03, SD = 0.84) and perceptions on the effects of online discussion forum on learning the novel were revealed (Overall Mean = 3.99, SD = 0.87). Thus, this study proposes an online discussion forum as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL classroom.
Applications: This study proposes ODF as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL/ ESL classroom based on the learners’ positive attitudes and perceptions. It is conducted at the University of Anbar in Iraq. Undergraduate EFL learners who were enrolled in the English language course at the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities participated in the study. It can be used by literary students, from universities and other literary centers.
Novelty: Industrial revolution 4.0 requires a shift from face-to-face lecture approach to a technology-enhanced environment whereby learners can take responsibility for their own learning through collaboration, critical discussion, and negotiation. Taking up this challenge, online discussion forum (ODF) via Facebook Messenger was first introduced into the EFL literature classroom at the University of Anbar, Iraq to replace the predominantly used traditional approach.
Compound Lactobacillus sp. Administration Ameliorates Stress and Body Growth Through Gut Microbiota Optimization on Piglet Model
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Wang Chonglong , Huang Kehe , Zhang Minhong , Wang Jing , Pan Xiaocheng 
Published: December 2019

The composition of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets is easily affected by environmental changes, particularly during the weaning period. Compound strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius were supplemented to piglets during pre- and post-weaning to determine their effects in improving the growth performance and ameliorating the diarrhea rate and stress caused by antioxidation in piglets. A larger number of L. reuteri and L. salivarius colonized the distal segment of the ileum and the total numbers of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium were higher in the ileal mucous membrane and cecal lumen with probiotics supplementation. The numbers of antioxidative and immune molecules were increased in the plasma following compound bacteria (CL) supplementation, whereas cortisol and endotoxin levels were lower and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 were higher. Spearman’s and KEGG analysis of the bacterial operational taxonomic unit and antioxidative and immune indices and metabolic genes indicated that the body growth modulation by CL supplementation could be attributed to optimization of the intestinal bacterial composition. Collectively, these results suggest that supplementation with CL could reduce stress and improve the growth performance of piglets during weaning by optimizing the intestinal bacterial composition.
Comparison of personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages
Authors: Sarieva Zamira  
Published: December 2019

The role of pronouns is to replace nouns or noun phrases in the sentences. Personal pronouns replace proper and common nouns, so we do not have to repeat them. This article compares personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. The most important point in the analysis is cultural aspect and its influence on the usage of personal pronouns. The article will reveal the influence of such cultural aspects like politeness and kinship based on example of personal pronoun "you" in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. Influence of formal and informal speech on denoting personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. The analysis will occur on the basis of examples that were taken from the sources which are given in the references.
Early versus delayed postoperative oral hydration in children following general anesthesia: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Yin Xiaorong , Zeng Xiaoqi , Wang Ting , Dong Bibbin , Wu Menghang , Jia Anna , Ye Ling 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: oral hydration has typically not been administered for between 4 and 6 hours postoperative for children’s safety. But children are more likely to suffer from apnea, crying and agitation, wound bleeding, and other complications during the post-anesthesia recovery period because of thirsty and fear. This Prospective, randomized study sought to assess the compare the early and late oral hydration (EOH and DOH, respectively) in children following general anesthesia, with the goal of assessing relative safety and tolerability and thereby improving patient comfort. Methods : A total of 2,000 children corresponding to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-III were randomized into an EOH group (n=1000) and a DOH group (n=1000). For the former group, children were administered a small amount of drinking water following recovery of the swallowing reflex, and children's vital signs were monitored for 20 minutes in a postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DOH group patients received water at 4 h following general anesthesia). All patients underwent monitoring to assess their thirst, satisfaction, oropharyngeal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Results: Complete data were collected from a total of 1770 patients (EOH=832, DOH=938) and was compared via chi-squared and t-tests as appropriate. There was no hypoxemia in either group, nor did the incidence of nausea and vomiting differ between the two groups (P>0.05). The thirst score of the EOH group was significantly decreased relative to the DOH group in the children over 5 years old after drinking for 10 to 20 minutes (P<0.05). Conclusions: For children undergoing general anesthesia, a small amount of drinking water in the early stages of recovery will not increase the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or hypoxemia, but will decrease thirst and improve satisfaction. It is important, however, that medical staff carefully monitor the swallowing reflex and vital signs of all children.
Contraceptive use and associated factors among sexually active HIV positive women attending ART clinic in FHRH in Bahir Dar, north west, Ethiopia, 2018. Facility based cross-sectional study.
Authors: ayalew tilksew , Tewabe Tilahun , Abdanur Abdulhakim , Jenbere Demoze , Ayehu Mastewal , Talema Girma 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Back ground: Contraception helps prevent unplanned pregnancies and mother to child HIV transmission among human immune virus positive women. Contraceptive use status and associated factors were not well addressed in the study area. This study aimed to assess contraceptives use and associated factors among HIV positive sexually active women at anti-retroviral therapy clinic in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Method : A facility based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from June 01 -30, 2018, among 308 randomly selected sexually active HIV positive women of reproductive age in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital anti-retro viral treatment clinic. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic characteristics of participants. A multivariate logistic regression analysis method was employed and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to control possible confounders. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.
Results: The current study revealed that overall contraception use among sexually active HIV positive women was 38.3 %( 95%CI: 32.5%-43.5%). Women with age range of 15-34 years old (AOR =3.089, 95%CI: 1.591-5.999), HIV status disclosure to sex partner, (AOR=2.75995%CI: 1.142-6.663), previous contraception utilization experience; (AOR=3.361, 95%CI: 1.677-6.736), Sexual activity in the last six months (AOR5.451, 95%CI: 2.724-10.908) and had drinking habit (AOR=4.351, 95%CI: 1.824-10.379) were the main predictors of contraceptive use.
Conclusion: Contraceptive use was low in the current study area. Efforts should be strengthened to increase contraception use among human immune virus positive women. Anti-retro viral treatment and family planning services should be integrated to increase contraceptive use uptake in the study area.
Keywords: Contraceptive use, Contraception, Human immune virus positive women, Bahir Dar, North west Ethiopia.
A Estratégia Como Prática em Diferentes Ritmos: um Estudo do Strategizing em Bandas Musicais
Authors: Ramos Marlos Vinícius Oliveira , Borges Jacquelaine Florindo 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe um diálogo entre a estratégia como prática social e os estudos culturais, especificamente a articulação entre estilos e identidades, a partir da questão: como práticas de estilo moldam o strategizing de bandas musicais? Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com 11 bandas musicais, orientada pelo método de múltiplos casos e por uma abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados com a aplicação da técnica de entrevistas com músicos e empresários, da pesquisa documental em websites e da análise de foto/imagem das bandas. Os resultados mostram que as bandas desenvolvem quatro práticas estratégicas centrais: (a) identidade sonora; (b) identidade estética; (c) coletivo de identidades e habilidades dos músicos (formação e composição da banda); e (d) identidade econômica (crescimento e popularização da banda). Essas práticas são conduzidas a partir de rotinas interativas, comportamentais/comunicacionais, procedimentos de aprendizagem e uso de instrumentos de gestão. É no fluxo dessas práticas que se constitui a estratégia artística da banda: um complexo de ações e instrumentos visando reconhecimento artístico e resultados comerciais no contexto cultural da época. A pesquisa mostra que a abordagem cultural do strategizing é um caminho promissor para conectar diferentes níveis de análise e temas de pesquisa ainda pouco presentes nos estudos da estratégia como prática social: práticas culturais de estilo e interações entre identidades individuais e coletivas em organizações e manifestações culturais.