bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical case of parietal fibrinous peritonitis in a Belgian Blue heifer without a history of laparotomy
Authors: Djebala Salem , Evrard Julien , Moula Nassim , Sartelet Arnaud , Bossaert Philippe 
Published: June 2020

A 19‐month‐old Belgian Blue heifer was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Liege University. The heifer was 2 months pregnant by insemination and presented hyperthermia, anorexia and weight loss. Rectal palpation revealed a large, depressible abdominal mass. Diagnosis of parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) was made by ultrasound, revealing a liquid and fibrin filled cavity attached to the abdominal wall. Blood analysis indicated an inflammatory status. Analysis of a PFP fluid sample confirmed bacterial contamination. Treatment, apart from fluids, antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, consisted of surgical drainage and repeated flushing of the cavity. Complete resorption of the cavity was observed after 5 weeks. The heifer remained pregnant but died 7 months later, after elective caesarean section, due to generalised peritonitis. This is the first report of PFP in an animal without a history of laparotomy. The PFP may have been caused by an insemination‐induced trauma.
Effectiveness of using a hybrid rye cultivar in feeding broiler chickens
Authors: Milczarek Anna , Osek Maria , Skrzypek Alicja 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of hybrid rye in rations for broiler chickens. The study covered 160 chickens split into four equal groups [I (control), II, III, IV] and kept for 42 d. Rye was introduced into the above-mentioned diets as a partial substitute for maize in the following quantities: (I), no rye; (II), 5% rye in starter feed and 10% rye in grower and finisher feed; (III), 10% rye in starter feed and 20% rye in grower and finisher feed; (IV), 15% rye in starter feed and 30% rye in grower and finisher feed. During the 42 d rearing period, the most favourable body weight gain (P ≤ 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.01) were observed in chickens fed with rations containing the highest share of hybrid rye (group IV). The rye did not affect the dressing percentage and muscularity but diversified the fatness of birds. The muscles of chickens from group IV showed higher (P ≤ 0.01) red saturation and lower (P ≤ 0.01) yellow saturation and hue compared with the muscle of birds receiving diets with the lowest rye content (group I). The results of the study show that the inclusion of hybrid rye can be recommended in broiler chicken diets at a share of 15% in starter feed and 30% in grower and finisher feed, respectively.
The Trouble with Water: Condensation, Circulation and Climate
Authors: Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article discusses at a basic level a few of the problems that arise in geophysical fluid dynamics and climate that are associated with the presence of moisture in the air, its condensation and release of latent heat. Our main focus is Earth’s atmosphere, but we also discuss how these problems might manifest themselves on other planetary bodies, with particular attention to Titan where methane takes on the role of water. Geophysical fluid dynamics has traditionally been concerned with understanding the very basic problems that lie at the foundation of dynamical meteorology and oceanography. Conventionally, and a little ironically, the subject mainly considers ‘dry’ fluids, meaning it does not concern itself overly much with phase changes. The subject is often regarded as dry in another way, because it does not consider problems perceived as relevant to the real world, such as clouds or rainfall, which have typically been the province of complicated numerical models. Those models often rely on parameterizations of unresolved processes, parameterizations that may work very well but that often have a semiempirical basis. The consequent dichotomy between the foundations and the applications prevents progress being made that has both a secure basis in scientific understanding and a relevance to the Earth’s climate, especially where moisture is concerned. The dichotomy also inhibits progress in understanding the climate of other planets, where observations are insufficient to tune the parameterizations that weather and climate models for Earth rely upon, and a more fundamental approach is called for. Here, we discuss four diverse examples of the problems with moisture: the determination of relative humidity and cloudiness; the transport of water vapor and its possible change under global warming; the moist shallow water equations and the Madden–Julian Oscillation; and the hydrology cycle on other planetary bodies.
Multicenter Phase I Trial of a DNA Vaccine Encoding the Androgen Receptor Ligand-binding Domain (pTVG-AR, MVI-118) in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Ferrari Anna C. , Schweizer Michael T. , Wargowski Ellen , Olson Brian M. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Preclinical studies demonstrated that a DNA vaccine (pTVG-AR, MVI-118) encoding the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain (AR LBD) augmented antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, delayed prostate cancer progression and emergence of castration-resistant disease, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. This vaccine was evaluated in a multicenter phase I trial.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) who had recently begun androgen deprivation therapy were randomly assigned to receive pTVG-AR on one of two treatment schedules over one year, and with or without GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant. Patients were followed for 18 months. Primary objectives were safety and immune response. Secondary objectives included median time to PSA progression, and 18-month PSA-PFS (PPFS).

Results:
Forty patients were enrolled at three centers. Twenty-seven patients completed treatment and 18 months of follow-up. Eleven patients (28%) had a PSA progression event before the 18-month time point. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed. Of 30 patients with samples available for immune analysis, 14 (47%) developed Th1-type immunity to the AR LBD, as determined by IFNγ and/or granzyme B ELISPOT. Persistent IFNγ immune responses were observed irrespective of GM-CSF adjuvant. Patients who developed T-cell immunity had a significantly prolonged PPFS compared with patients without immunity (HR = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.0–0.21; P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
pTVG-AR was safe and immunologically active in patients with mCSPC. Association between immunity and PPFS suggests that treatment may delay the time to castration resistance, consistent with preclinical findings, and will be prospectively evaluated in future trials.
See related commentary by Shenderov and Antonarakis, p. 5056
Overcoming Barriers
Authors: Gustafson Dakota , Raju Sneha , Wu Ruilin , Ching Crizza , Veitch Shawn , Rathnakumar Kumaragurubaran , Boudreau Emilie , Howe Kathryn L. , Fish Jason E. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic involving >5 500 000 cases worldwide as of May 26, 2020. The culprit is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which invades cells by binding to ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). While the majority of patients mount an appropriate antiviral response and recover at home, others progress to respiratory distress requiring hospital admission for supplemental oxygen. In severe cases, deterioration to acute respiratory distress syndrome necessitating mechanical ventilation, development of severe thrombotic events, or cardiac injury and dysfunction occurs. In this review, we highlight what is known to date about COVID-19 and cardiovascular risk, focusing in on the putative role of the endothelium in disease susceptibility and pathogenesis.

Approach and Results:
Cytokine-driven vascular leak in the lung alveolar-endothelial interface facilitates acute lung injury in the setting of viral infection. Given that the virus affects multiple organs, including the heart, it likely gains access into systemic circulation by infecting or passing from the respiratory epithelium to the endothelium for viral dissemination. Indeed, cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are highly prevalent and include acute cardiac injury, myocarditis, and a hypercoagulable state, all of which may be influenced by altered endothelial function. Notably, the disease course is worse in individuals with preexisting comorbidities that involve endothelial dysfunction and may be linked to elevated ACE2 expression, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:
Rapidly emerging data on COVID-19, together with results from studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1, are providing insight into how endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the pandemic that is paralyzing the globe. This may, in turn, inform the design of biomarkers predictive of disease course, as well as therapeutics targeting pathogenic endothelial responses.
Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin in Chinese Adults
Authors: Guo Chengxian , Kuang Yun , Zhou Honghao , Yuan Hong , Pei Qi , Li Jingle , Jiang Weihong , Ng Chee M. , Chen Xiaoping , Huo Yong , Cui Yimin , Wang Xiaobin , Yu Jingjing , Sun Xue , Yu Wanying , Chen Peng , Miao Da , Liu Wenyu , Yu Zaixin , Ouyang Zewei , Shi Xiangjiang , Lv Chunmei , Peng Zijing , Xiong Guozuo , Zeng Gaofeng , Zeng Jianping , Dai Haiying , Peng Jianqiang , Zhang Yuming , Xu Fanghua , Wu Jie , Chen Xiaoliang , Gong Hao , Yang Zhiyuan , Wu Xianming , Fang Qiulian , Yang Liu , Li Haigang , Tan Hongyi , Huang Zhijun , Tang Xiaohong , Yang Qiong , Tu Shan , Wang Xiaoyan , Xiang Yuxia , Huang Jie , Wang Xiaomin , Cai Jingjing , Jiang Shanjie , Huang Lu , Peng Jinfu , Gong Liying , Zou Chan , Yang Guoping 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Warfarin is an effective treatment for thromboembolic disease but has a narrow therapeutic index; optimal anticoagulation dosage can differ tremendously among individuals. We aimed to evaluate whether genotype-guided warfarin dosing is superior to routine clinical dosing for the outcomes of interest in Chinese patients.

Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial from September 2014 to April 2017 in 15 hospitals in China. Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age, with atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis without previous treatment of warfarin or a bleeding disorder. Nine follow-up visits were performed during the 12-week study period. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of time in the therapeutic range of the international normalized ratio during the first 12 weeks after starting warfarin therapy.

Results:

A total of 660 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to a genotype-guided dosing group or a control group under standard dosing. The genotype-guided dosing group had a significantly higher percentage of time in the therapeutic range than the control group (58.8% versus 53.2% [95% CI of group difference, 1.1–10.2];
P
=0.01). The genotype-guided dosing group also achieved the target international normalized ratio sooner than the control group. In subgroup analyses, warfarin normal sensitivity group had an even higher percentage of time in the therapeutic range during the first 12 weeks compared with the control group (60.8% versus 48.9% [95% CI, 1.1–24.4]). The incidence of adverse events was low in both groups.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of genotype-guided warfarin dosing were superior to those of clinical standard dosing. These findings raise the prospect of precision warfarin treatment in China.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02211326.
Computed Tomography-Aortography Versus Color-Duplex Ultrasound for Surveillance of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Elixène , Feugier Patrick , Cruzel Coralie , Sarlon-Bartoli Gabrielle , Reix Thierry , Steinmetz Eric , Chaufour Xavier , Chavent Bertrand , Salomon du Mont Lucie , Ejargue Meghann , Maurel Blandine , Spear Rafaelle , Midy Dominique , Thaveau Fabien , Desgranges Pascal , Rosset Eugenio , Hassen-Khodja Réda , Bureau Pascale , Ravoux Mireille , Bozzetto Catherine , Sevestre-Pietri Marie-Antoinette , Terriat Béatrice , Favier Claire , Degeilh Maryse , Le Hello Claire , Favre Jean-Pierre , Rinckenbach Simon , Loppinet Anca , Goueffic Yann , Connault Jérôme , Alimi Yves , Barthélémy Pierre , Magne Jean-Luc , Seinturier Christophe , Choukroun Marie-Luce , Rouyer Olivier , Bitton Liliane , Becquemin Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Background
Color-duplex ultrasonography (DUS) could be an alternative to computed tomography-aortography (CTA) in the lifelong surveillance of patients after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), but there is currently no level 1 evidence. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DUS as an alternative to CTA for the follow-up of post-EVAR patients.

Methods
Between December 16, 2010, and June 12, 2015, we conducted a prospective, blinded, diagnostic-accuracy study, in 15 French university hospitals where EVAR was commonly performed. Participants were followed up using both DUS and CTA in a mutually blinded setup until the end of the study or until any major aneurysm-related morphological abnormality requiring reintervention or an amendment to the follow-up policy was revealed by CTA. Database was locked on October 2, 2017. Our main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratios of DUS against reference standard CTA. CIs are binomial 95% CI.

Results
This study recruited prospectively 659 post-EVAR patients of whom 539 (82%) were eligible for further analysis. Following the baseline inclusion visit, 940 additional follow-up visits were performed in the 539 patients. Major aneurysm-related morphological abnormalities were revealed by CTA in 103 patients (17.2/100 person-years [95% CI, 13.9–20.5]). DUS accurately identified 40 patients where a major aneurysm-related morphological abnormality was present (sensitivity, 39% [95% CI, 29–48]) and 403 of 436 patients with negative CTA (specificity, 92% [95% CI, 90–95]). The negative predictive value and positive predictive value of DUS were 92% (95% CI, 90–95) and 39% (95% CI, 27–50), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 4.87 (95% CI, 2.9–9.6). DUS sensitivity reached 73% (95% CI, 51–96) in patients requiring an effective reintervention.

Conclusions
DUS had an overall low sensitivity in the follow-up of patients after EVAR, but its performance improved meaningfully when the subset of patients requiring effective reinterventions was considered.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01230203.
Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis by Subtype Using
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Sánchez-Nadales Alejandro , Igbinomwanhia Efehi , Cremer Paul , Griffin Brian , Xu Bo 
Published: June 2020

Background

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a difficult to diagnose condition associated with high mortality.
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (
18
F-FDG PET/CT) has recently emerged as another IE imaging modality, although diagnostic accuracy varies across observational studies and types of IE. This meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic performance of
18
F-FDG PET/CT for IE and its subtypes.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase from January 1980 to September 2019 for studies reporting both sensitivity and specificity of
18
F-FDG PET/CT for IE. Meta-Disc 1.4 was used to pool data for all cases of IE and its subgroups of native valve IE, prosthetic valve IE, and cardiac implantable electronic devices IE.

Results
We screened 2566 records from the search, assessed 52 full-text articles, and included 26 studies totaling 1358 patients (509 IE cases). Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI, inconsistency I-square statistic) were 0.74 (0.70–0.77, 71.5%) and 0.88 (0.86–0.91, 78.5%) for all cases of endocarditis. Corresponding parameters for native valve IE were sensitivity 0.31 (0.21–0.41, 29.4%) and specificity 0.98 (0.95–0.99, 34.4%); for prosthetic valve IE: sensitivity 0.86 (0.81–0.89, 60.0%) and specificity 0.84 (0.79–0.88, 75.2%); and for cardiac implantable electronic devices IE: sensitivity 0.72 (0.61–0.81, 76.2%) and specificity 0.83 (0.75–0.89, 83.6%). Pooled sensitivities and specificities were higher for the 17 studies since 2015 than the 9 studies published before 2015.

Conclusions

18
F-FDG PET/CT had high specificity for all IE subtypes; however, sensitivity was markedly lower for native valve IE than prosthetic valve IE and cardiac implantable electronic devices IE. It is, therefore, a useful adjunct modality for assessing endocarditis, especially in the challenging scenarios of prosthetic valve IE and cardiac implantable electronic devices IE, with improving performance over time, related to advances in
18
F-FDG PET/CT techniques.
Adverse Pregnancy Conditions Among Privately Insured Women With and Without Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Downing Karrie F. , Tepper Naomi K. , Simeone Regina M. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Gurvitz Michelle , Boulet Sheree L. , Honein Margaret A. , Howards Penelope P. , Valente Anne M. , Farr Sherry L. 
Published: June 2020

Background
In women with congenital heart defects (CHD), changes in blood volume, heart rate, respiration, and edema during pregnancy may lead to increased risk of adverse outcomes and conditions. The American Heart Association recommends providers of pregnant women with CHD assess cardiac health and discuss risks and benefits of cardiac-related medications. We described receipt of American Heart Association–recommended cardiac evaluations, filled potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic (Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category D/X) cardiac-related prescriptions, and adverse conditions among pregnant women with CHD compared with those without CHD.

Methods and Results
Using 2007 to 2014 US healthcare claims data, we ascertained a retrospective cohort of women with and without CHD aged 15 to 44 years with private insurance covering prescriptions during pregnancy. CHD was defined as ≥1 inpatient code or ≥2 outpatient CHD diagnosis codes >30 days apart documented outside of pregnancy and categorized as severe or nonsevere. Log-linear regression, accounting for multiple pregnancies per woman, generated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for associations between the presence/severity of CHD and stillbirth, preterm birth, and adverse conditions from the last menstrual period to 90 days postpartum. We identified 2056 women with CHD (2334 pregnancies) and 1 374 982 women without (1 524 077 pregnancies). During the last menstrual period to 90 days postpartum, 56% of women with CHD had comprehensive echocardiograms and, during pregnancy, 4% filled potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic cardiac-related prescriptions. Women with CHD, compared with those without, experienced more adverse conditions overall (aPR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.7–2.1]) and, specifically, obstetric (aPR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2–1.4]) and cardiac conditions (aPR, 10.2 [95% CI, 9.1–11.4]), stillbirth (aPR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.4]), and preterm delivery (aPR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4–1.8]). More women with severe CHD, compared with nonsevere, experienced adverse conditions overall (aPR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2–1.9]).

Conclusions
Women with CHD have elevated prevalence of adverse cardiac and obstetric conditions during pregnancy; 4 in 100 used potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic medications, and only half received an American Heart Association–recommended comprehensive echocardiogram.
Agrin Promotes Coordinated Therapeutic Processes Leading to Improved Cardiac Repair in Pigs
Authors: Baehr Andrea , Umansky Kfir Baruch , Bassat Elad , Jurisch Victoria , Klett Katharina , Bozoglu Tarik , Hornaschewitz Nadja , Solyanik Olga , Kain David , Ferraro Bartolo , Cohen-Rabi Renee , Krane Markus , Cyran Clemens , Soehnlein Oliver , Laugwitz Karl Ludwig , Hinkel Rabea , Kupatt Christian , Tzahor Eldad 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Ischemic heart diseases are leading causes of death and reduced life quality worldwide. Although revascularization strategies significantly reduce mortality after acute myocardial infarction (MI), a large number of patients with MI develop chronic heart failure over time. We previously reported that a fragment of the extracellular matrix protein agrin promotes cardiac regeneration after MI in adult mice.

Methods:
To test the therapeutic potential of agrin in a preclinical porcine model, we performed ischemia–reperfusion injuries using balloon occlusion for 60 minutes followed by a 3-, 7-, or 28-day reperfusion period.

Results:
We demonstrated that local (antegrade) delivery of recombinant human agrin to the infarcted pig heart can target the affected regions in an efficient and clinically relevant manner. A single dose of recombinant human agrin improved heart function, infarct size, fibrosis, and adverse remodeling parameters 28 days after MI. Short-term MI experiments along with complementary murine studies revealed myocardial protection, improved angiogenesis, inflammatory suppression, and cell cycle reentry as agrin’s mechanisms of action.

Conclusions:
A single dose of agrin is capable of reducing ischemia–reperfusion injury and improving heart function, demonstrating that agrin could serve as a therapy for patients with acute MI and potentially heart failure.
<p><strong><em>Carex talbotii</em></strong><strong> (Cyperaceae), a replacement name for Berggren’s Sedge</strong></p>
Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM , BASU MUTHURAMALINGAM JOTHI 
Published: June 2020

Carex Linnaeus (1753: 972) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms with about 2000 species (Jiménez-Mejías et al. 2016a). According to the Global Carex Group (2015) circumscription, it is nearly a cosmopolitan genus with higher species diversity in cold-temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Martín-Bravo et al. 2019). A recent revision of Carex fossils (Jiménez-Mejías et al. 2016b) provided an exhaustive compilation of Carex names coined for fossils, later compiled by IFPNI (2014–present). Some cases of the homonymy between extant and fossil species have been recently resolved by Turner (2014, 2015), Doweld (2015, 2016a–b, 2017a–c, 2018), Kottaimuthu (2017, 2018a–b, 2019) and Govaerts (2018). During routine nomenclatural check for the existence of the homonymy between extant and extinct members of sedges, we identified that the Berggren’s sedge namely Carex berggrenii Petrie (1886: 297) is illegitimate because there exists an earlier homonym Carex berggrenii Heer (1870: 49) a fossil-species described from Spitsbergen island (Svalbard archipelago, Norway). Since no legitimate synonyms are available for this endemic sedge (Hamlin 1968, Edgar 1970, Breitwieser & Wilton 2020, Govaerts et al. 2020, POWO 2020), the replacement name Carex talbotii Kottaim. is proposed here.