bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of durvalumab on local control after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in comparison with chemoradiotherapy alone
Authors: Abe Takanori , Saito Satoshi , Iino Misaki , Aoshika Tomomi , Ryuno Yasuhiro , Ohta Tomohiro , Igari Mitsunobu , Hirai Ryuta , Kumazaki Yu , Miura Yu , Kaira Kyoichi , Kagamu Hiroshi , Noda Shin‐ei , Kato Shingo 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDurvalumab after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) has been found to significantly improve overall survival (OS). However, the effect of durvalumab on local control remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of the durvalumab on local control in comparison with the clinical result of patients treated with CCRT alone.MethodsA total of 120 LA‐NSCLC patients including 76 patients with CCRT alone and 44 patients with CCRT followed by durvalumab were analyzed. Baseline patient characteristics of CCRT alone cohort and durvalumab cohort were compared with student's t test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and with chi‐squared test for categorical variables. Local control (LC), progression free survival (PFS) and OS rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log‐rank test.ResultsThere were 19 patients with stage II disease and 101 patients with stage III disease. Age, sex, histopathological type, T classification, N classification, clinical stage, tumor volume and dose fractionation schedule were not significantly different between the CCRT alone and durvalumab cohorts. The one‐year LC rate was significantly higher in the durvalumab cohort (86%) compared with the CCRT alone cohort (62%) (P = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was observed in either PFS (P = 0.864) or OS (P = 0.443) between the CCRT and durvalumab cohorts.ConclusionsThe one‐year LC rate was significantly higher in the durvalumab cohort compared with the CCRT alone cohort. Although the follow‐up period was too short to draw definitive conclusions, the study revealed that durvalumab might have a significant effect on LC.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyEffect of durvalumab on local control after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer is unclearWhat this study addsThe one‐year local control rate of chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab was significantly higher compared with chemoradiotherapy alone.
Outsourcing Patriarchy To and Within India: Intersectional and Decolonial Gender Politics Across Scales
Authors: Gilbertson Amanda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYoung caste‐class privileged gender justice workers in Delhi navigate several relations of power—with Euro‐American feminisms, and with less privileged feminisms and recipients of development work within India. Their experiences reveal that decolonial politics in India cannot be conceptualised without consideration of other axes of inequality including caste and religion. There is thus a need to broaden decolonial and intersectional analyses to include multiple spatial scales, from the transnational to the most granular interpretations of the local. By bringing intersectional analyses into greater dialogue with postcolonial feminist theory, this paper demonstrates that patterns of “outsourcing patriarchy” are observable at many scales, and that these patterns at different scales are co‐produced, each in turn shaping the other. Such a framework also explains how young caste‐class privileged gender justice workers outsource patriarchy and reproduce “mainstream” feminisms even as they seek to avoid doing so.
Long‐term fuel and understorey vegetation response to fuel treatments in oak and chaparral stands of northern California
Authors: Martorano Caroline A. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Engber Eamon A. , Gibson Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsFuel reduction treatments are broadly implemented to reduce the risk of extreme wildfire, but research on the long‐term effectiveness and impacts of these treatments is lacking. In this study, we examined short‐ and long‐term (two and 15 years) changes in fuels and understorey vegetation after treatment in chaparral and oak‐dominated stands.LocationWhiskeytown National Recreation Area, California, USA.MethodsTreatments, including hand thinning, mastication only, burn only, and mastication + burning, were applied randomly to one or two units within each of 10 blocks across two vegetation types (chaparral and oak‐dominated). Vegetation data were initially measured two years after treatment and remeasured 15 years later with additional sampling of dead surface fuels and shrubs. Fuel and vegetation data were analyzed to examine the effect of treatment, time, and vegetation type.ResultsIn chaparral stands, shrub height and cover in the hand‐thinning, mastication, and mastication + burning treatments were still lower than in the control after 15 years. However, only the hand‐thinning treatment reduced fine woody fuels. Hand thinning and mastication + burning increased native species richness after two years, but this was also associated with an increase in exotic species richness and cover that persisted after 15 years. In oak‐dominated stands, treatments had varied and relatively fewer changes to fuels and vegetation. Shrub height was reduced in both the hand‐thinning and Burn‐only treatments, but only mastication reduced shrub cover. Species richness and vegetative cover were largely unaffected by treatment in oak‐dominated stands, except for lower native plant cover in mastication and mastication + burning treatments.ConclusionTreatments varied in their level of effectiveness and most involved trade‐offs between their impacts on fuels and vegetation responses that differed by vegetation type and time. Our findings provide insights for managers interested in balancing these trade‐offs when making fuel treatment decisions and emphasize the importance of examining longer‐term effectiveness of fuels treatments.
Prevalence of drink‐driving in Thimphu, Bhutan: Targeted surveillance at sentinel sites
Authors: Tenzin Tashi , Karki Roma , Duba Tashi , Jamphel Kinga , Dhendup Sonam , Subba Dil Kumar , Dorji Gampo , Miller Peter G. , Connor Jennie , Barker Daniel , O'Brien Kerry S. , Kypri Kypros 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsBhutan has a high incidence of alcohol‐related disease. With economic development, motorised transport is proliferating, increasing the potential for traffic injury. We investigated drink‐driving in the country's largest urban environment.MethodsWorking with police, we set up checkpoints at major thoroughfares in Thimphu, on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday nights, from May to July 2017. Police directed cars to testing bays where drivers were breathalysed and interviewed.ResultsAll 1596 drivers stopped by police were breathalysed, and 212 (13%) tested positive. Blood alcohol of >0.02 g/dL (which we defined as ‘probable impairment’) was detected in 178 drivers (11%), while 67 (4.2%) exceeded the legal limit of 0.08 g/dL. Probable impairment was more common in men, older drivers, on Tuesdays (versus Fridays or Saturdays) and later at night.ConclusionDrink‐driving is very common at night‐time in Bhutan. Routine roadside random breath‐testing, and media campaigns emphasising the risk of apprehension and consequent serious financial and social penalties, should be considered to deter drink‐driving.
First‐episode psychosis in the Ferrara Mental Health Department: Incidence and clinical course within the first 2 years
Authors: Belvederi Murri Martino , Bertelli Raffaella , Carozza Paola , Berardi Lorenzo , Cantarelli Luca , Croce Enrico , Antenora Fabio , Curtarello Eleonora Maria Alfonsina , Simonelli Gabriele , Recla Elisabetta , Girotto Barbara , Grassi Luigi ,   Ferrara Working Group on First‐Episode Psychosis,   The Ferrara Working Group on First‐Episode Psychosis in Ferrara includes: IDMHPA coordinating team:
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the incidence of with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) in the Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions in Ferrara, Italy, and to examine the association between the Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and the clinical course.MethodsParticipants recruited in 2013–2019 were assessed with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) every 6 months for 24 months. Hierarchical growth models analysed changes of global severity (HoNOS total scores) and symptom dimensions. Regression modelled factors associated with remission (HoNOS < 8) and clinical improvement (<12).ResultsThe incidence of FEP was 21.5 (95%CI: 21.2–21.9) cases per 100 000 person year. Among participants (n = 86, mean age 23, 76% males), baseline HoNOS scores were higher for those with a longer DUP. More than half subjects reached clinical remission (61.6%) or improvement (82.6%), while very few (2.3%) were re‐hospitalized. HoNOS total scores decayed with a mixed linear/quadratic trend, with a slower decay among migrants. A longer DUP was associated with reduced improvements of positive symptoms and lower likelihood of clinical improvement (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73–0.96).ConclusionsPatients from the FEP program of Ferrara reached good clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, individuals with a longer DUP may need additional clinical attention. Systematic monitoring of clinical outcomes may be an optimal strategy to improve the outcomes of FEP in the real world.
Overcoming the gap between child and adult mental health services: The Reggio Emilia experience in an early intervention in psychosis program
Authors: Poletti Michele , Pelizza Lorenzo , Azzali Silvia , Paterlini Federica , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Chiri Luigi Rocco , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimEarly intervention in psychosis (EIP) can reduce severity and persistence of illness. From September 2012, the Reggio Emilia Department of Mental Health developed the ‘Reggio Emilia At‐Risk Mental States’ (ReARMS) protocol as a specific EIP infrastructure in all its adult and child/adolescent mental health services. Aims of this study were (a) to describe the ReARMS macroscopic organization and (b) to analyse some specific process indicators (i.e., the amount of individuals referred to the ReARMS program, the number of subjects who met defined diagnostic criteria of early psychosis and accepted the intervention, and the 1‐year drop‐out rate) during the first 5 years of its clinical activity, in order to examine feasibility and quality of its procedures on the adolescent help‐seeking subgroup.MethodsAdolescent participants (n = 125), aged 13–18 years, completed the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) to investigate the clinical status. Descriptive quantitative analyses were then used.ResultsFifty (40%) individuals did not meet early psychosis‐defined criteria, while 75 (60%: i.e., 44 Ultra‐High Risk [UHR] and 31 First Episode Psychosis [FEP] subjects) were offered an EIP dedicated care protocol: of them, 66 (88%) were enrolled in the program and 9 (12%) dropped out during the first year of treatment). Adolescents enrolled in the ReARMS protocol were mainly referred by general practitioners (32%), family members (16%), or school/social services (15.2%). Seventy (56%) participants had a history of previous specialist contact (especially for learning and anxiety disorders).ConclusionsAn EIP program for adolescents with early psychosis in Italian child/adolescent mental health services are feasible, clinically relevant and recommended, specifically in this age group with a high risk of falling through the child/adult service gap.
Increases in forage legume biomass as a response to nitrogen input depend on temperature, soil characters and planting system: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Limin , Su Jing , Chen Chun , Tian Qian , Shen Yixin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the effects of nitrogen (N) on forage legume productivity have been well‐studied, there is still some debate as to whether the supply of additional N is essential to support higher forage legume yields. Here, a meta‐analysis was conducted to synthesize the effects of N fertilization on forage legume biomass across different climates, soil types and planting system. The results showed that forage legume biomass in pure stands generally increased after N addition and was positively correlated with plant accumulation of N, phosphorus and potassium. The direction and magnitude of forage legume biomass responses in pure stands were influenced by accumulated temperature during growth stage and soil characters including organic matter, pH and N availability. Soil pH was positively correlated while other factors were negatively correlated with forage legume biomass response. Increases in forage legume biomass were greater at sites where accumulated temperatures were lower than 2,000°C. N addition did not contribute to higher forage legume biomass in acidic soil and when soil N availability was high (e.g. soil total N content higher than 0.9 g/kg and N addition rate higher than 200 kg/ha). Moreover, forage legume biomass was negatively affected in mixed systems which was independent of N application rate. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis highlights the importance of considering temperature, soil characters and planting system when evaluating the necessity of N application during forage legume production.
COVID‐19 in older adults: What are the differences with younger patients?
Authors: Gómez‐Belda Ana B , Fernández‐Garcés Mar , Mateo‐Sanchis Elisabeth , Madrazo Manuel , Carmona Mar , Piles‐Roger Laura , Artero Arturo 
Published: December 2020

AimThe present study aimed both to gain knowledge on the distinctive clinical characteristics of older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), in comparison with those of younger patients, and to identify risk factors for mortality.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out of patients consecutively admitted to Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia (Spain) for COVID‐19 from 11 March to 28 April 2020. Every case was diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or by serology test to detect antibodies. Demographic details, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings on admission and complications of each case were collected from electronic medical records.ResultsThe dataset comprised 340 patients. Of them, 152 (44.6%) were aged >70 years. Comorbidities were more common in the older groups. Confusion was more common in older adults, whereas typical symptoms of COVID‐19, such as fever, cough and myalgia, were less common. Oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air, neutrophilia, D‐dimer >0.5 μg/mL, creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase ≥250 U/L and elevation of creatine kinase were higher in the older adult groups.Complications during hospitalization, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (53.3% vs 33.2%, P < 0.001), acute kidney injury (11.8% vs 5.3%; P = 0.030) and mortality (28.9% vs 6.5%; P < 0.001) were more common in patients aged >70 years. Oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air on admission was a predictor of mortality (odds ratio 11.65, 95% confidence interval 3.26–41.66, P < 0.001) in patients aged >70 years.ConclusionsOlder adults with COVID‐19 have more atypical presentation, more complications and higher mortality. Oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air on admission is a predictive factor of death. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 60–65.
Bumble bee communities in power‐line clearings: Effects of experimental management practices
Authors: Steinert Mari , Eldegard Katrine , Sydenham Markus A. K. , Moe Stein R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bumble bees fill an important function in temperate, boreal and alpine ecosystems as pollinators of wild plants and cultivated crops. Global declines in population size of many bumble bee species call for knowledge about how habitats influenced by human land use can be managed to accommodate diverse bumble bee communities.
We carried out a field experiment to study effects on bumble bee communities in power‐line clearings in response to different vegetation clearing practices: (i) cutting, (ii) cutting and removing, and (iii) not cutting the woody vegetation, whilst simultaneously assessing the effect of environmental variables, both individually and in interaction with treatment.
Cutting the woody vegetation improved habitat quality for bumble bees relative to the uncut treatment, whereas removal of woody debris provided no additional benefit. The treatment effect on bee richness, diversity, abundance, and the abundance of generalist bees depended on local forb species richness. Increasing functional variation of forbs and cover of forbs with nectar tubes were positively related to species richness and abundance of bees, irrespective of treatment.
The abundance of specialized long‐tongued and late emerging bumble bees – which are of special conservation interest – were higher in the cut and cut‐remove treatments and increased with functional variation of forb species irrespective of treatments.
Management to improve habitat conditions for bumble bees in power‐line clearings does not require costly removal of woody debris after cutting, but more frequent cutting can benefit specialized bumble bee species of particular conservation interest.
BUSINESS CYCLES, TREND ELIMINATION, AND THE HP FILTER
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. , Jin Sainan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrend elimination and business cycle estimation are analyzed by finite sample and asymptotic methods. An overview history is provided, operator theory is developed, limit theory as the sample sizeis derived, and filtered series properties are studied relative to smoothing parameter () behavior. Simulations reveal that limit theory withdelivers excellent approximations to the HP filter for common sample sizes but fails to remove stochastic trends, contrary to standard thinking in macroeconomics and thereby explaining “spurious cycle” effects of the HP filter. The findings are related to the long run effects of the global financial crisis.
From Distant Horizon to the ‘Uncoercive Rearrangement of Desire’: Institutional Pedagogy and Collaborative Learning in an Instance of Arts and Curatorial Education
Authors: Faramelli Anthony , Graham Janna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn politics and philosophy, the question of horizons, the vanishing point that is always out of reach, but provides direction and guidance, underpins utopic thinking. This is a strange phenomenon since, as Jodi Dean suggests, horizons are ‘real’ insofar as they exist both spatially and temporally. Dean invokes the Lacanian concept of the real to demonstrate how horizons are omnipresent, even when we are unable to see them. Here, we disagree with Dean. Rather than view them as a fixed and constant entity, with Deleuze & Guattari we agree that horizons, understood as spaces of possibility, must be constructed through communal enunciations of desire. Following Dean's (re)formulation of horizons alongside of Deleuze & Guattari's concept of desire, we propose that Foucault's idea of ‘heterotopia’, a real, but inverted and potentially uncomfortable counter‐site, is a better schema for thinking the possibilities of arts education's horizon. This article thinks through the construction of other, emancipated, spaces of learning in arts education through the methodological approach of institutional analysis and the work done by the Institutional Pedagogy movement in post‐war France. Drawing from this movement, the work of Fernand Oury and Aïda Vasquez and Félix Guattari, ‘institution’ here is understood loosely as anything that institutes forms of sociability. As such, institutional analysis seeks to radically transform institutions from within and without by creating spaces to facilitate the reconfiguration of desire. Our analysis will be grounded in our own pedagogical practices in universities where we have made use of the techniques of Institutional Pedagogy.
Strongylocentrotusnudos Egg Polysaccharide induces autophagy and apoptosis in leukaemia cells by regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Mengya , Li Lingling , Shen Xiaohui , Liu Yanfang , Wang Shujuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the ability of the Polysaccharide from the Eggs of Strongylocentrotus nudus (SEP) to regulate cellular autophagy and apoptosis in leukaemia cells. Human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells (HL60) and murine AML cells (L1210) treated with SEP were used to assess viability using Cell Counting Kit‐8, cytotoxicity by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DCFH‐DA staining. In addition, we utilized a mouse model of leukaemia in which L1210 cells were injected into DBA/2 mice by sub‐axillary injection. Treatment with SEP decreased cell viability, increased in cytotoxicity and increased the release of ROS in a dose‐dependent manner. SEP treatment was also associated with the activation of pro‐apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9 and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Activation of the apoptotic pathway led to the release of cytochrome C (CytoC) into the cytosol of the cell resulting in decreased membrane potential. The effect of SEP treatment was depended on the activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway as SEP treatment led to an increase in NF‐κB phosphorylation, and inhibition of NF‐κB signalling using PDTC blocked SEP‐mediated activation of apoptosis. Treatment with SEP also prolonged survival time in our leukaemia mouse model and was associated with diminished tumour volume, increased leucocyte and lymphocyte proliferation, promoted pro‐inflammatory factor release in serum and enhanced immune function. Taken together, these data suggest that SEP inhibits the progression of leukaemia by initiating mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis via the NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000658 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration via the miR‐1227/IRF2axis
Authors: Jiang Xin , Chen Dong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently occurring bone cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to exert pivotal impact in modulation of gene expression, but their roles in OS are still not fully understood. In this study, we analysed the role ofcirc‐0000658in OS. Thereafter, molecular techniques such as Western blot, qRT‐PCR, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation and Dual‐Luciferase reporter assays were implemented to investigate the role ofcirc‐0000658/miR‐1227/interferon regulatory factor‐2(IRF2) axis in OS. Eventually, the impact ofcirc‐0000658on tumour growth and metastasis was observed in a xenograft mouse model. The results of this study revealed thatcirc‐0000658exhibits low levels in OS tissues and cell lines. Moreover,circ‐0000658repression promoted cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and migration but inhibited the apoptosis of OS cells. Researches have previously shown thatcirc‐0000658contains a binding site for miR‐1227 and thus can abundantly sponge miR‐1227 to up‐regulate the expression of its target geneIRF2. Moreover, both inhibition of miR‐1227 and overexpression ofIRF2reversed cell proliferation and invasion, which was triggered bycirc‐0000658repression. Conclusively,circ‐0000658modulates biological function of OS cells through the miR‐1227/IRF2axis. Therefore,circ‐0000658might act as a possible novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.