bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Nasal Septal Deviation and Paranasal Pneumatization
Authors: Şahin Muammer Melih , Özer Hamza , Çayönü Melih , Damgaci Lale , Dinç Seçil Kayali , Boynueğri Süleyman , Taşdemir Abdülkerim , Eryilmaz Adil 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To investigate the impact of the presence and the severity of the nasal septal deviation (NSD) on the paranasal pneumatization.

Methods:
Initially, the deviated and contralateral sides was compared to evaluate the impact of the presence of NSD on pneumatization. Then, NSD classification groups were categorized according to the severity of deviation degree; 1: mild (<9°), 2: moderate (9°–15°), and 3: severe (>15°). Pneumatization of all paranasal sinuses, osteomeatal complex (OMC), frontoethmoid recess (FER) and variant structures were compared according to the NSD classification groups separately both for the deviated and the contralateral sides.

Results:
Although there was no statistically significant difference in pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses between the deviated and contralateral sides, a significant difference was observed in OMC and FER diameters. In the deviated side, there was statistically significant difference in ethmoid sinus volume, in FER and OMC diameters between NSD classification groups. In the contralateral side, FER and OMC diameters were found to be significantly different between group 1 and group 2 and between group 1 and group 3, respectively (P = 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). Both the presence and severity of the NSD did not statistically significant influence the pneumatization of variant structures, air cells and vital structures.

Conclusion:
The severity of NSD effects the ethmoid sinus volume. The relationship of FER and OMC with NSD is evident, however this may not always be in a proportional pattern. The paranasal pneumatization did not affect Keros type, bone integrity of carotid canal and optic canal.
Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Necessary for Obstructing Stage II Colon Cancer? Results From a Propensity Score Analysis of the French Surgical Association Database
Authors: Sabbagh Charles , Manceau Gilles , Mege Diane , Abdalla Solafah , Voron Thibault , Bridoux Valérie , Lakkis Zaher , Venara Aurélien , Beyer-Berjot Laura , Diouf Momar , Karoui Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the survival of patients with stage II obstructing colon cancer (OCC) who had adjuvant chemotherapy with those who did not.Summary Background Data:The need for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer is still debated.Methods:All consecutive patients treated for a stage II OCC in a curative intent (with primary tumor resection) between January 2000 and December 2015 were included in this retrospective, multicenter cohort study which included a propensity score analysis using an odds of treatment weighting (Average Treatment effect on the Treated, ATT). The endpoint was the comparison between the 2 groups for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) according to whether or not patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Results:During the study period, 504 patients underwent a curative colectomy for a stage II OCC. Among these patients, 179 (35.5%) had adjuvant chemotherapy and 325 (64.5%) had no adjuvant treatment. Among the 179 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, 108 patients (60%) received oxaliplatin based regimen and 99 patients (55%) completed all scheduled cycles. At multivariate analysis, after weighting by the odds (ATT analysis) and adjustment, adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of a stage II OCC was associated with improvements in OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42 (0.17–0.99),P= 0.0498] and DFS [HR = 0.57 (0.37–0.88),P= 0.0116].Conclusion:This study suggests that adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of stage II OCC may improve oncological outcomes.
Coagulopathy and transfusion ratios in pediatric trauma
Authors: Murphy Colin Howard , Spain David Alan , Shan Hua 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Coagulopathy has been associated with poor outcomes in adult and pediatric trauma. Previous clinical trials have shown benefits with balanced transfusion ratios in trauma resuscitation in adults, but smaller retrospective studies have not established the same in pediatrics. We constructed a pediatric trauma database at a Level I trauma center for analysis.

METHODS
The institutional trauma registry was queried for all pediatric trauma activations from 2008 to 2018. Patient identifiers were used to identify laboratory data from the electronic data warehouse.

RESULTS
There were 2,769 pediatric patients with trauma identified, with 1,492 arriving direct from the scene. Of those with complete transport data available, 81% arrived within 60 minutes from time of injury. Fifty-two patients were transfused in the first 24 hours, with 25 receiving greater than an estimated 40 mL/kg of blood products. No significant difference in ratios of red cell to plasma transfused at 24 hours was observed between patients surviving to discharge (1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.6) and deceased (1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–1.9) (p = 0.087).
Among direct admissions, an abnormal prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time taken within 2 hours of arrival was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.003 and <0.001), but no significant associations were seen for abnormal fibrinogen or platelet counts. Red cell to plasma transfusion ratios were not significantly associated with length of stay or ventilator days (p = 0.74 and 0.28).

CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference between transfusion ratios of surviving and deceased patients at 3- and 24-hour time points, including in a weight-adjusted highly transfused subgroup. Coagulopathy remains an important issue in pediatric trauma and may guide future multicenter studies in optimizing transfusion ratios in pediatric trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Retrospective comparative study, level III.
Implementation of a multidisciplinary perinatal emergency response team improves time to definitive obstetrical evaluation and fetal assessment
Authors: Smith Jennifer A. , Sosulski Amanda , Eskander Ramy , Moazzez Ashkan , Patel Neil , Putnam Brant , Kim Dennis Y. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Trauma is the leading cause of nonobstetric death during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal mortality. In an effort to improve the delivery of care to pregnant trauma patients, we developed an institutional multidisciplinary quality initiative designed to improve response times of nontrauma specialists and ensure immediate availability of resources. We hypothesized that implementation of a perinatal emergency response team (PERT) would improve time to patient and fetal evaluation and monitoring by the obstetrics (OB) team and improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.

METHODS
We performed a 6-year (2012–2018) retrospective cohort analysis of consecutive pregnant trauma patients presenting to our university-affiliated, level I trauma center. Patients in the pre-PERT cohort (before April 2015) were compared with a post-PERT cohort. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, and level of trauma activation. The main outcome measure was time to OB evaluation. Secondary outcomes included time to cardiotocometry, and mortality.

RESULTS
Of 92 pregnant trauma patients, there were 50 patients (54.3%) in the pre-PERT cohort and 42 (45.7%) in the post-PERT group. Blunt injuries predominated (98.9%), with the most common mechanism being motor vehicle collisions (76.1%), followed by assaults (13%) and falls (6.5%). The mean time to obstetrical evaluation was 44 minutes in the pre-PERT cohort compared with 14 minutes in the post-PERT cohort (p = 0.001). There was a significant decrease in level I (highest acuity) trauma activations pre-PERT and post-PERT (46% vs. 21%, p = 0.01), and the time to cardiotocography was significantly decreased post-PERT implementation (72 vs. .37 min, p = 0.01)

CONCLUSION
Implementation of a multidisciplinary PERT improves time to evaluation by the OB team and time to cardiotocometry in the pregnant trauma patient.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Retrospective review, level IV.
The scales of recovery: Balancing posttraumatic stress with resilience in the violently injured
Authors: Wheeler Andrew , Tatebe Leah C. , Reese Carol , Jacob Beth-Anne , Pekarek Sydney , Siva Nandini Rajaram , Liesen Erik , Schlanser Victoria , Kaminsky Matthew , Messer Thomas , Starr Frederic , Mis Justin , Bokhari Faran , Dennis Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Community violence remains a clinical concern for urban hospitals nationwide; however, research on resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among survivors of violent injury is lacking. This study intends to assess survivors of violent injury for resilience and PTG to better inform mental health interventions.

METHODS
Adults who presented with nonaccidental penetrating trauma to an urban level 1 trauma center and were at least 1 month, but no more than 12 months, from treatment were eligible. Participants completed the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder screen, and a community violence exposure screen. Additional demographic, injury, and treatment factors were collected from medical record.

RESULTS
A total of 88 patients participated. The mean resiliency score was 83.2, with 71.1% scoring higher than the general population and 96.4% scoring higher than the reported scores of those seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants demonstrated a mean PTGI score of 78 (SD, 20.4) with 92.4% scoring above the significant growth threshold of 45. In addition, 60.5% of patients screened positive for significant PTSD symptoms, approximately eight times higher than general population. Exposure to other traumatic events was high; an overwhelming 94% of participants stated that they have had a family member or a close friend killed, and 42% had personally witnessed a homicide. Higher resilience scores correlated with PTGI scores (p < 0.001) and lower PTSD screen (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION
Victims of violent injury experience a myriad of traumatic events yet are highly resilient and exhibit traits of growth across multiple domains. Resiliency can coexist with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Practitioners should assess for resiliency and PTG in addition to PTSD. Further investigation is needed to clarify the relational balance between resilience and posttraumatic stress.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological study type, Level II.
Predictors of swallowing outcomes in patients with combat-injury related dysphagia
Authors: Solomon Nancy Pearl , Dietsch Angela M. , Dietrich-Burns Katie 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Traumatic injuries, such as those from combat-related activities, can lead to complicated clinical presentations that may include dysphagia.

METHODS
This retrospective observational database study captured dysphagia-related information for 215 US military service members admitted to the first stateside military treatment facility after sustaining combat-related or combat-like traumatic injuries. A multidimensional relational database was developed to document the nature, course, and management for dysphagia in this unique population and to explore variables predictive of swallowing recovery using Bayesian statistical modeling and inferential statistical methods.

RESULTS
Bayesian statistical modeling revealed the importance of maxillofacial fractures and soft tissue loss as primary predictors of poor swallowing outcomes. The presence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), though common, did not further complicate dysphagia outcomes. A more detailed examination and rating of videofluoroscopic swallow studies from a subset of 161 participants supported greater impairment for participants with maxillofacial trauma and no apparent relationship between having sustained a TBI and swallow functioning.

CONCLUSION
These analyses revealed that maxillofacial trauma is a stronger indicator than TBI of dysphagia severity and slower or incomplete recovery following combat-related injuries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management study, level IV.
Effect of fibrinogen concentrate administration on early mortality in traumatic hemorrhagic shock: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Hamada Sophie Rym , Pirracchio Romain , Beauchesne Jocelyn , Benlaldj Mohammed Nadjib , Meaudre Eric , Leone Marc , Pottecher Julien , Abback Paer Selim , Gauss Tobias , Boutonnet Mathieu , Cook Fabrice , Garrigue Delphine , Lesache Frédéric , Julie Josse , Rouquette Alexandra , Duranteau Jacques 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Fibrinogen concentrate is widely used in traumatic hemorrhagic shock despite weak evidence in the literature. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fibrinogen concentrate administration within the first 6 hours on 24-hour all-cause mortality in traumatic hemorrhagic shock using a causal inference approach.

METHODS
Observational study from a French multicenter prospective trauma registry was performed. Hemorrhagic shock was defined as transfusion of four or more red blood cell units within the first 6 hours after admission. The confounding variables for the outcome (24-hour all-cause mortality) and treatment allocation (fibrinogen concentrate administration within the first 6 hours) were chosen by a Delphi method. The propensity score was specified with a data-adaptive algorithm and a doubly-robust approach with inverse proportionality of treatment weighting allowed to compute the average treatment effect. Sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Of 14,336 patients in the registry during the study period, 1,027 in hemorrhagic shock were analyzed (758 receiving fibrinogen concentrate within 6 hours and 269 not receiving fibrinogen concentrate). The average treatment effect, expressed as a risk difference, was −0.031 (95% confidence interval, −0.084 to 0.021). All sensitivity analysis confirmed the results.

CONCLUSIONS
Fibrinogen concentrate administration within the first 6 hours of a traumatic hemorrhagic shock did not decrease 24-hour all-cause mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic, level III.
Developing the implicit association test to uncover hidden preferences for sustainable drainage systems
Authors: O'Donnell Emily , Maskrey Shaun , Everett Glyn , Lamond Jessica 
Published: February 2020

Understanding public perceptions of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is critical for addressing barriers to their implementation. Perceptions are typically evaluated using explicit measures (e.g. questionnaires) that are subject to biases and may not fully capture attitudes towards SuDS. A novel image-based application of the Implicit Association Test is developed to investigate unconscious perceptions of SuDS in public greenspace and combined with explicit tests to evaluate perceptions of greenspace with and without SuDS, focusing on a sample population in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Greenspace with or without SuDS is perceived positively by the sample population. Overall, respondents implicitly and explicitly prefer greenspace without SuDS and perceive greenspace without SuDS as more attractive, tidier and safer. The wide distribution of scores for SuDS, nonetheless, suggests a range of opinions and illustrates the complex nature of preferences for the use of greenspace. That the strongly negative explicit scores were not reflected in the implicit tests may suggest that explicit attitudes towards tidiness and safety may not be deep-rooted and are subject to social bias. Combined explicit and implicit tests may help us to understand any disconnect between expressed positive attitudes to natural spaces and behaviours around them and inform SuDS design to increase public acceptance.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.
Politics, water management and infrastructure
Authors: Trowsdale Sam , Boyle Kelly , Baker Tom 
Published: February 2020

While modern water management has been central to the achievement of a range of beneficial social outcomes, it has increasingly drawn criticism for its disconnection from democratic decision-making, hindering efforts to develop more resilient systems. This paper examines how an experiment with more resilient water infrastructure politicized centralized water management focusing, in particular, on a stormwater re-use ‘third-pipe’ system at a large residential development in Auckland, New Zealand. Through analysis of resident and expert views on safety, cost and security, the paper attends (1) to the ways in which techno-managerial water management was contested and, thus, politicized through the implementation of the third pipe, and (2) how the mobilization of techno-managerial discourses by water management authorities delegitimized the third-pipe system, rendering it ultimately inoperable. While our case study was thwarted by the de-politicizing apparatus of water management authorities, such experiments offer precedents, resources and hope for more democratic systems of water management.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.
Challenges in developing urban flood resilience in India
Authors: Gupta Kapil 
Published: February 2020

This note presents a short commentary on the recurring urban flooding in India and the challenges the country faces in implementing sustainable drainage practices and developing urban flood resilience. The major incidences of heavy rainfall and the consequent urban flooding and their causes are briefly described. The recent flood disaster management and mitigation measures carried out by the Central, State and Local Government are highlighted. The flood resilience initiatives and challenges are then discussed. The effects of climate change on increased rainfall in shorter durations are now being felt in many Indian cities. The planners are now taking cognizance of this and future flood resilience measures are being planned to incorporate an integrated approach to stormwater management by recommending best management practices in the stormwater manuals. However, a lot still needs to be done to make the cities in India flood resilient.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience'.
Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China
Authors: Griffiths James , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Shao Michelle , Zhu Fangfang , Higgitt David Laurence 
Published: February 2020

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.
Paramesonia marina gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Wang Lei , Lai Qiliang , Liu Xiupian , Shao Zongze 
Published: February 2020

A taxonomic study was carried out of strain K7T, which was isolated from deep-sea water collected from the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0.5–10 % (optimum, 3 %), at a pH range of pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at temperatures of 10–40 °C (optimum, 28 °C). Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain K7T belonged to the family

Flavobacteriaceae

, with the high sequence similarities to the genera

Mesonia

(92.2 %–94.4 %),

Salinimicrobium

(91.9 %–93.2 %),

Salegentibacter

(92.1 %–92.6 %),

Leeuwenhoekiella

(92.1 %–92.3 %),

Gramella

(91.9 %–92.1 %) and

Zunongwangia

(91.8 %–92.1 %). The principal fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (28.4 %), iso-C15 : 1G (14.2 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl; 11.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (10.0 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c; 9.6 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 35.8 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-6 (100 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids were detected. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain K7T represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Paramesonia marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain K7T (=MCCC 1A01093T=KCTC 52325T).
Reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase in Vip3Aa-resistantHeliothis virescens
Authors: Pinos Daniel , Chakroun Maissa , Millán-Leiva Anabel , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis , Wright Denis J. , Hernández-Martínez Patricia , Ferré Juan 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe Vip3Aa insecticidal protein fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is produced by specific transgenic corn and cotton varieties for efficient control of target lepidopteran pests. The main threat to this technology is the evolution of resistance in targeted insect pests, thus understanding the mechanistic basis of resistance is crucial to deploy the most appropriate strategies for resistance management. In this work, a laboratory-selected colony ofHeliothis virescens(Vip-Sel) highly resistant to the Vip3Aa protein was used to test whether an alteration of membrane receptors in the insect midgut might explain the resistance phenotype. Binding of125I-labeled Vip3Aa to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from 3rd instar larvae from Vip-Sel was not significantly different from binding in the reference susceptible colony. Interestingly, BBMV from Vip-Sel larvae show dramatically reduced levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, which was further confirmed by a strong down-regulation of the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase 1 (HvmALP1) gene. However, its involvement as a receptor for the Vip3Aa protein was not supported by ligand blotting and viability assays with insect cells expressingHvmALP1. These data support that reduced alkaline phosphatase, previously observed in insect colonies resistant to Cry proteins from Bt, may also serve as an indirect marker that is not mechanistically involved in resistance to Vip3Aa.IMPORTANCEThe Vip3Aa insecticidal protein remains the only lepidopteran-specific trait in transgenic Bt crops with no cases of field-evolved resistance. While laboratory-selected resistance to Vip3A has been reported elsewhere, the mechanism for resistance is unknown. Results in this work show lack of significant Vip3Aa binding alterations in resistant and reference colonies ofH. virescens.These observations are in contrast to most cases of high levels of resistance to insecticidal Bt proteins for which decreased binding is commonly detected. In addition, this study provides the first evidence of down-regulation of membrane bound alkaline phosphatase (mALP) associated with Vip3Aa resistance, a phenomenon commonly associated with resistance to Cry proteins from Bt. Results from this work suggest that mALP down-regulation may be a useful biomarker yet reject its direct participation in resistance to Vip3Aa.