bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurostructural correlates of optimism: Gray matter density in the putamen predicts dispositional optimism in late adolescence
Authors: Lai Han , Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Qiu Chen , Gong Qiyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDispositional optimism reflects one's generalized positive expectancies for future outcomes and plays a crucial role in personal developmental outcomes and health (e.g., counteracting related mental disorders such as depression and anxiety). Increasing evidence has suggested that extraversion is an important personality factor contributing to dispositional optimism. However, less is known about the association between dispositional optimism and brain structure and the role of extraversion in this association. Here, we examined these issues in 231 healthy high school students aged 16 to 20 years (110 males, mean age = 18.48 years, SD = 0.54) by estimating regional gray matter density (rGMD) using a voxel‐based morphometry method via structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole‐brain regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between dispositional optimism and the rGMD of the bilateral putamen after adjusting for age, sex, family socioeconomic status (SES), general intelligence, and total gray matter volume (TGMV). Moreover, prediction analyses using fourfold balanced cross‐validation combined with linear regression confirmed a significant connection between dispositional optimism and putamen density after adjusting for age, sex, and family SES. More importantly, subsequent mediation analysis showed that extraversion may account for the association between putamen density and dispositional optimism after adjusting for age, sex, family SES, general intelligence, TGMV, and the other four Big Five personality traits. Taken together, the current study provides new evidence regarding the neurostructural basis underlying dispositional optimism in adolescents and underscores the importance of extraversion as an essential personality factor for dispositional optimism acquisition.
A systematic review of reported outcomes and outcome measures in randomized trials evaluating surgical interventions for posterior vaginal prolapse to aid development of a core outcome set
Authors: Lourenço Thais R.M. , Pergialiotis Vasilis , Durnea Constantin M. , Elfituri Abdullatif , Haddad Jorge M. , Betschart Cornelia , Falconi Gabriele , Nygaard Christiana C. , Bergstrom Lina , Pattel Mittal , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. ,   on behalf of CHORUS: An International Collaboration for Harmonising Outcomes, Research and Standards in Urogynaecology and Women's Health
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent systematic reviews have demonstrated wide variations on outcome measure selection and outcome reporting in trials on surgical treatments for anterior, apical and mesh prolapse surgery. A systematic review of reported outcomes and outcome measures in posterior compartment vaginal prolapse interventions is highly warranted in the process of developing core outcome sets.ObjectiveTo evaluate outcome and outcome measures reporting in posterior prolapse surgical trials.Search strategyWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).Selection criteriaRandomized trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of different surgical interventions for posterior compartment vaginal prolapse.Data collection and analysisTwo researchers independently assessed studies for inclusion, evaluated methodological quality, and extracted relevant data. Methodological quality, outcome reporting quality and publication characteristics were evaluated.Main resultsTwenty‐seven interventional and four follow‐up trials were included. Seventeen studies enrolled patients with posterior compartment surgery as the sole procedure and 14 with multicompartment procedures. Eighty‐three reported outcomes and 45 outcome measures were identified. The most frequently reported outcomes were blood loss (20 studies, 74%), pain (18 studies, 66%) and infection (16 studies, 59%).ConclusionsWide variations in reported outcomes and outcome measures were found. Until a core outcome set is established, we propose an interim core outcome set that could include the three most commonly reported outcomes of the following domains: hospitalization; intraoperative, postoperative urinary, gastrointestinal, vaginal and sexual outcomes; clinical effectiveness.PROSPERO: CRD42017062456.
Polarized light therapy: Shining a light on the mechanism underlying its immunomodulatory effects
Authors: Feehan Jack , Tripodi Nicholas , Fraser Sarah , Mikkelsen Kathleen , Thewlis April , Kiatos Dimitrios , Husaric Maja , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of polychromatic polarized light therapy (PLT) on human monocyte cells. While there is some evidence demonstrating a clinical effect in the treatment of certain conditions, there is little research into its mechanism of action. Herein, U937 monocyte cells were cultured and exposed to PLT. The cells were then analyzed for change in expression of genes and cell surface markers relating to inflammation. It was noted that 6 hours of PLT reduced the expression of the CD14, MHC I and CD11b receptors, and increased the expression of CD86. It was also shown that PLT caused downregulation of the genes IL1B, CCL2, NLRP3 and NOD1, and upregulation of NFKBIA and TLR9. These findings imply that PLT has the capacity for immunomodulation in human immune cells, possibly exerting an anti‐inflammatory effect.
Dosing of Continuous Fentanyl Infusions in Obese Children: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Maharaj Anil R. , Wu Huali , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Speicher David G. , Sullivan Janice E. , Watt Kevin , Al‐Uzri Amira , Payne Elizabeth H. , Erinjeri Jinson , Lin Susan , Harper Barrie , Melloni Chiara , Hornik Christoph P. ,   Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: December 2019

AbstractDifferences in fentanyl pharmacokinetics (PK) between obese and nonobese adults have previously been reported; however, the impact of childhood obesity on fentanyl PK is relatively unknown. We developed a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model using opportunistically collected samples from a cohort of predominately obese children receiving fentanyl per the standard of care. Using a probability‐based approach, we evaluated the ability of different continuous infusion strategies to provide steady‐state concentrations (Css) within an analgesic concentration range (1‐3 ng/mL). Fifty‐three samples from 32 children were used for PopPK model development. Median (range) age and body weight of study participants were 13 years (2‐19 years) and 52 kg (16‐164 kg), respectively. The majority of children (94%) were obese. A 2‐compartment model allometrically scaled by total body weight provided an appropriate fit to the data. Estimated typical clearance was 32.5 L/h (scaled to 70 kg). A fixed dose rate infusion of 1 µg/kg/h was associated with probabilities between 49% and 58% for achieving Css within target; however, the risk of achieving Css > 3 ng/mL increased with increasing body weight (15% at 16 kg vs 43% at 164 kg). A proposed model‐based infusion strategy maintained consistent probabilities across the examined weight range for achieving Css within (58%) and above (20%) target. Use of an allometric relationship between weight and clearance was appropriate for describing the PK of intravenous fentanyl in our cohort of predominately obese children. Our proposed model‐derived continuous infusion strategy maximized the probability of achieving target Css in children of varying weights.
An efficient green synthesis of new benzothiazoles containing sulfonamide or cyclic imide moieties
Authors: Bougheloum Chafika , Alioua Sabrina , Belghiche Robila , Benali Nesma , Messalhi Abdelrani 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient and convenient protocol for the one‐pot synthesis of new benzothiazoles bearing sulfonamide or cyclic imide moieties using Cesium salt of Wells‐Dawson heteropolyacid (Cs5HP2W18O62) as solid catalyst and water as solvent under ultrasound irradiation was reported. The reaction speed was remarkably catalyzed with the aid of ultrasound irradiation. Moreover, this approach prepares multiple other benefits such as operational ease, higher yields, and energy performance.
Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones and Pyridino[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,6,8‐tetraones: Evaluation Antitumor Activity
Authors: Haggam Reda A. , Assy Mohamed G. , Mohamed Enaiat K. , Mohamed Abdussattar S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of some novel pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine 4–10 with 75–95% yields and pyridino[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives 11–16 with 75–92% yields is reported. The building structures have been achieved by reaction of 5‐arylidene barbituric acid 2 and active nucleophile carbon or nitrogen as examples barbituric acid and acetyl acetone or refluxing of bispyrimidine‐2,4,6‐trione derivative 3 with cyclizing reagents such as phosphorous pentoxide, hydrazine hydrate and aminothiazole. The newly synthesized structures have been elucidated on the basis of their spectral analysis. Some selected members were screened for antitumor activity. Among the screened compounds 9, 16, 7, 10 and 8 exhibited high antitumor activity.
Directly observed therapy and risk of unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes among an international cohort of people living with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Pettit April C , Jenkins Cathy A , Blevins Peratikos Meridith , Yotebieng Marcel , Diero Lameck , Do Cuong D , Ross Jeremy , Veloso Valdilea G , Hawerlander Denise , Marcy Olivier , Shepherd Bryan E , Fenner Lukas , Sterling Timothy R ,   for the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionIdentification of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated tuberculosis (TB) at increased risk for unfavourable TB outcomes would inform efforts to improve such outcomes. We sought to identify factors associated with a decreased risk of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes among people living with HIV‐infection (PLHIV) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), with a specific focus on directly observed therapy (DOT) compared with self‐administered therapy (SAT) during the continuation phase of anti‐TB therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults diagnosed with HIV‐associated TB in Africa, Asia and the Americas from 2012 to 2013; data were collected from 2012 to 2016. Unfavourable TB treatment outcomes (death during TB treatment, and TB treatment failure or recurrence) were defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Receipt of DOT was obtained at the site level and defined as ≥5 days of DOT per week. The person administering DOT and treatment location varied by site. Lack of receipt of DOT was defined as SAT. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes.ResultsAmong 1862 adults with HIV‐associated TB included, 252 (13.5%) had unfavourable TB outcomes (226 deaths, 26 recurrences/failures). Overall, 1825 (98%) received DOT in the intensive phase and 1617 (87%) received DOT in the continuation phase. DOT in the continuation phase was not significantly associated with unfavourable TB outcomes (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.38) compared to SAT. Body mass index (BMI) change during anti‐TB treatment (per 2 units increase, aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.82) and CD4+ count at TB diagnosis (200 vs. 50 cells/µL, aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.73) were both independently associated with decreased odds of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes.ConclusionsIn this large, international cohort of people living with HIV‐associated TB in LMIC who received intensive phase DOT, DOT during the continuation phase of anti‐TB therapy was not associated with a decreased odds of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes compared to SAT. Randomized trials evaluating the effect of continuation‐phase DOT on TB outcomes among PLHIV are needed.
Serological evidence of DENV, JEV, and ZIKV among the indigenous people (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Khor Chee‐Sieng , Mohd‐Rahim Nurul‐Farhana , Hassan Habibi , Tan Kim‐Kee , Zainal Nurhafiza , Teoh Boon‐Teong , Sam Sing‐Sin , Khoo Jing‐Jing , Lee Hai‐Yen , Lim Yvonne Ai‐Lian , Abubakar Sazaly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are mosquito‐borne flavivirus of medical importance in tropical countries such as Malaysia. However, much remains unknown regarding their prevalence among the underserved indigenous people (Orang Asli) living in communities in the forest fringe areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Information on the prevalence of diseases is necessary to elevate the effectiveness of disease control and preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of the three major flaviviruses among the Orang Asli and investigate the association between demographic factors and seropositivities. Sampling activities were conducted in the Orang Asli villages to obtain serum samples and demographic data from consenting volunteers. The presence of DENV, JEV, and ZIKV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera were examined using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. A focus reduction neutralization assay was performed to measure virus‐specific neutralizing antibodies. A total of 872 serum samples were obtained from the Orang Asli volunteers. Serological assay results revealed that DENV IgG, JEV IgG, and ZIKV IgG seropositivities among the Orang Asli were at 4.9%, 48.4%, and 13.2%, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies (FRNT50 ≥ 1:40) against JEV and ZIKV were found in 86.7% and 100.0%, respectively, out of the samples tested. Positive serology to all three viruses corresponded significantly to the age of the volunteers with increasing seropositivity in older volunteers. Findings from the study suggest that Orang Asli are at significant risk of contracting JEV and ZIKV infections despite the lack of active transmission of the viruses in the country.
Temperature dependent X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies of polycrystalline YCrO3 ceramics across the TC ~ 460 K
Authors: Mall Ashish Kumar , Paul Barnita , Garg Ashish , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we report the X‐ray diffraction studies over the temperature range of 300–900 K and subsequent Rietveld refinement of the diffraction patterns shows that there is no evidence of any structural phase transition in YCrO3 (YCO) across the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transitions (TC ~ 460 K), and the material retains the orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. However, a detailed analysis reveals local distortions in the CrO6 octahedra. To probe the local structural distortion, we have carried out temperature‐dependent, unpolarized Raman measurements, from 300 to 600 K. YCrO3 shows a strong anomalous deviation in both phonon wavenumbers and line widths around TC. YCrO3 is reported to possess as an incipient ferroelectric material to show that there are two competing phenomenon—onset of ferroelectricity due to rotation of CrO6 octahedra and displacement of Y atom leading to suppression of ferroelectricity. This competition reveals that although the octahedral rotations favor a lower symmetry state, the Y atom displacement opposes it leaving YCO to exhibit only an incipient ferroelectric state. These results while being in agreement with the earlier theoretical predictions can also help suggest a pathway to a more stable ferroelectric state in these oxides by using a larger cationic substitution at the Y site.
Introduction to the Special Section on Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD): The Evolution of a Disorder
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Levendosky Alytia A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe inclusion of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases is an important development in the field of psychotraumatology. Complex PTSD was developed as a response to a clinical need to describe difficulties commonly associated with exposure to traumatic stressors that are predominantly of an interpersonal nature. With this special section, we bring attention to this common condition following exposure to traumatic stressors that only recently has been designated an official diagnosis. In this introduction, we review the history of CPTSD as a new condition and we briefly introduce the papers for the special section in the present issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress. It is our hope that the work presented in the special section will add to an ever‐expanding evidence base. We also hope that this work inspires further research on the cultural validity of CPTSD, its assessment, and treatment.
Using 3‐dimensional ultrasound islice technology for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Geng Chenchen , Xu Hongtao , Zhan Xinfeng , Li Li , Song Qian , Zhang Lu , Ge Ling 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the reliability of 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by comparing the results with those of 2‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound.MethodsOne hundred five infants who were younger than 6 months were enrolled in this study. All of the infants underwent 2D and 3D ultrasound scanning for DDH by novices and experts, and the images were graded by a lead expert. The scanning time and image grades were analyzed by Student t tests (P < .05). The consistency of the α angle measurement between the novices and experts was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe 105 infants included 34 boys and 71 girls. On 2D scanning, there was agreement between the experts about the correct diagnosis, whereas in the novice group, 41 infants had misdiagnoses. There were no misdiagnoses with 3D scanning in either group. In the novice group, the mean image grades ± SD were 4.2 ± 1.3 (2D ultrasound) and 8.1 ± 0.7 (3D ultrasound; P < .05). In the expert group, the mean image grades were 7.4 ± 1.0 (2D ultrasound) and 8.2 ± 1.0 (3D ultrasound; P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the grades for 3D ultrasound (P = .83). The scanning time for 3D ultrasound was shorter than that for 2D ultrasound in both groups (P < .05). In the novice group, the ICC of the α angle between the 2D and 3D ultrasound results was 0.34, and in the expert group, it was 0.92. The ICCs were 0.35 and 0.84, respectively when comparing 2D and 3D ultrasound results in the groups.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasound required less time and showed greater inter‐rater reliability than 2D ultrasound for detecting DDH.
Surgical treatment following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Huang Ming‐Yii , Huang Ching‐Wen , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is known for its poor prognosis. A multimodal treatment approach is the only method to achieve satisfactory local recurrence and survival rates in LARC. Determining which therapeutic modality for LARC has the most satisfactory influence on quality of life and disease outcome is still controversial. LARC treatment is subject to continuous advancement due to the development of new and better diagnostic tools, radiotherapy techniques, and chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we review various therapeutic modalities for LARC from several aspects. In addition to radiotherapy techniques such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), we discuss the progress of chemotherapy, appropriate time interval between NCRT and surgery, relationship between tumor location and NCRT efficacy/safety, wait‐and‐watch policy, and predictors of treatment response following NCRT. Because of the controversies and unanswered questions regarding NCRT treatments for LARC, additional investigations are required to determine which therapeutic approach is the most feasible for LARC patients.
Improved SiRNA Loading of Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles by Variation of Crosslinking Density
Authors: Leber Nadine , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with a concept to improve the loading capability of cationic nanohydrogel particles with siRNA. For this purpose, a new tetrafunctional crosslinker is synthesized via a peptide coupling approach using lysine and spermine derivatives. Applying this four‐arm crosslinker to the particle synthesis makes it possible to perform the crosslinking with an excess or a deficit of the crosslinker. This allows for varying numbers of cationic groups per cationic core and its crosslinking density while the stability of the carrier system remains. The obtained cationic nanohydrogel particles are narrowly distributed in size as determined by dynamic light scattering measurements. Zeta potential measurements confirm the cationic nature of these carriers (ζ > +30 mV) and the ability to form complex anionic siRNA (agarose gel electrophoresis). As a result, it becomes possible to increase the siRNA loading by a factor of four by varying the composition of the crosslinked core. Such an increased siRNA loading should lead to an improved therapeutic gene knockdown effect.
The fasciocutaneous iliotibial band perforator flap in soft tissue and tendon reconstruction of the foot: A case report
Authors: Bottini Gian Battista , Gaggl Alexander , Steiner Christoph , Bürger Heinz K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn cases of large defects of the limbs, post‐traumatic deformity and disability can have devastating effects on patients' quality of life. The purpose of this report is to describe the technique for raising a fasciocutaneous iliotibial perforator flap and present its application in the reconstruction of a complex soft tissue defect of the foot. The patient was a 13‐year‐old male who had suffered a crush injury to the foot in a motor vehicle accident 5 years earlier. Due to retraction of the skin, together with the extensor tendons of the digits, the patient could not flex the digits II, III, IV, and V. To reconstruct the defect, the authors harvested a fasciocutaneous flap based on a perforator branch of the superior lateral genicular artery and accompanying veins. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful, with progressive and complete recovery of power and range of motion in the foot and knee within 6 weeks. Despite the tendency to form hypertrophic scars again, the functionality of the operated foot was excellent 29 months after the reconstruction. According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scale, the patient scored 100 points on the midfoot section and 93 points on the section forefoot rays two to five. The iliotibial perforator flap could be a new tool for a state‐of‐the‐art functional reconstruction of soft tissues defects of the limbs and head and neck.