bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite‐time adaptive control of high‐order nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients and actuator fault
Authors: Ma Jiali , Park Ju H. , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, the global finite‐time adaptive control problem is considered for high‐order nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown control coefficients, actuator fault, and external disturbance. Different from the previous results, a tune parameter is introduced to directly compensate the unknown control coefficients rather than the traditional Nussbaum‐gain function. Without requiring a priori knowledge of the uncertainties, a switching‐type adaptive controller is proposed by adding a power integrator method. Based on the modified switching mechanism, the controller parameter can be tuned online such that global finite‐time stability can be achieved. Finally, a simulation example combined with comparison is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Investigating the Cognitive Affective Engagement Model of Learning From Multiple Texts: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: List Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTGiven limited work modeling the role of individual difference factors and processing variables in students’ learning from multiple texts, the author evaluates such a model. In particular, the model analyzed examines the relation between cognitive (i.e., habits with regard to information evaluation) and affective (i.e., interest) individual difference factors and multiple‐text outcomes (i.e., integrated mental model development and intertext model development, as facets of multiple‐text integration), as mediated by students’ processing of multiple texts (i.e., time on texts, engagement in cross‐textual elaboration). Interest and time devoted to text access were found to have a direct effect on integrated mental model formation, whereas time and students’ engagement in cross‐textual elaboration had a direct effect on intertext model development. Additionally, time on texts mediated the relation between both individual difference factors and the integration‐related outcomes examined. Implications for theory development and research on learning from multiple texts are discussed.
An Efficient Environmentally Friendly Composite Material Based on Carbonized Biological Cellulose/Paraffin: Thermal and Sustainable Properties Analysis
Authors: Xu Yunfei , Zhang Xiaoguang , Huang Zhaohui , Chen Guo , Leng Guoqin , Lin Fankai , Zhang Weiyi , Liu Yangai , Fang Minghao , Wu Xiaowen , Min Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA shape‐stabilized composite phase change material (SS‐CPCM) with paraffin (PA) and biological porous carbon (BPC) was prepared. Freeze‐dried biological‐cellulose include abandoned pomelo peel (APP) and tangerine peel (ATP) were carbonized in vacuum at 800 °C to obtain BPC to be used as a matrix material to prevent PA leakage and enhance thermal conductivity. A vacuum impregnation process was utilized to obtain the SS‐CPCM. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BPC (carbonized APP is subsequently referred to as BPC1 and carbonized ATP as BPC2) has a porous, honeycomb‐like structure, and that the paraffin encapsulated by the pores is evenly distributed. The SS‐CPCM2 (made from ATP) had the highest thermal conductivity (2.10 W/m K), which is 1.89 and 10 times that of the SS‐CPCM1 (made using APP) and pure PA, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermo‐gravimetric analysis were applied to determine the thermal performance and thermal reliability of the SS‐CPCM. Therefore, the prepared SS‐CPCM has potential in the field of energy storage.
The Role of Carbon Steel Corrosion Process on CaCO3 Scaling in Deoxidized Oilfield Injection Water
Authors: Pang Lin , Zheng Yugui , Chang Ming , Wang Zhengbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe influencing mechanism of the cathodic and anodic reactions in the corrosion process of carbon steel on CaCO3 scaling was studied by galvanostatic polarization, and explained by potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical calculation mathematical analysis on the Oddo‐Tomson saturation index. The results reveal that the increased local pH caused by the higher cathodic current density is the only reason for enhanced CaCO3 scaling. A critical corrosion rate due to the diffusion effect of OH−, above which the corrosion process can enhance the CaCO3 scaling is reported. This research highlights the practical significance of corrosion related critical phenomenon for CaCO3 scaling in the deoxidized oilfield injection water system.
A Green Step to New Monomers and Their Polymerization
Authors: Strehmel Veronika , Strunk David , Heinz Markus , Walther Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtract obtained from the bark of Betula Pendula was treated with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one. New (meth)acrylates were synthesized on the basis of 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one. Free radical polymerization of the new (meth)acrylates was compared with that of commercial monomers (e. g. phenyl(meth)acrylate, 2‐phenoxyethyl methacrylate, and benzyl methacrylate) in solution resulting in soluble polymers as expected in all examples. In contrast to this, free radical polymerization of 4‐(4‐acryloyloxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one in bulk resulted in a crosslinked material although an extremely high molecular weight soluble polymer was received in case of bulk polymerization of 4‐(4‐methacryloyloxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one. The 3‐oxobutyl substituent at the phenyl ring of these monomers may influence their radical polymerization. Furthermore, enzyme mediated radical polymerization and photoinitiated polymerization were applied for the polymer synthesis using 4‐(4‐methacryloyloxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one.
Green Bio‐organic and Recoverable Catalyst Taurine (2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid) for Synthesis of Bio‐active Compounds 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin Derivatives in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El‐Remaily Mahmoud , Elhady Omar M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA highly green bio‐organic catalyst known as Taurine (2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid) is plentifully in the tissues of humans and animals and is an efficient and environmentally benign catalyst for the one‐pot multicomponent reaction synthesis of bio‐active 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones (Biginelli Reaction) in aqueous medium. The advantages of this protocol by way of the Taurine catalyst are that it is eco‐friendly, commercially available, low cost, has high reusability, short reaction times, high yields and the products obtained high purities without using any organic solvents.
A Phthalonitrile Resin with a Low Melting Point and High Storage Modulus Containing High‐Density Aromatic Ether Bonds
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Bai Shengnan , Ji Puguang , Naito Kimiyoshi , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingxin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA low melting point phthalonitrile monomer named 4,4′‐((((((2‐cyano‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(oxy))diphthalonitrile (BOPN), was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of 4,4′‐oxydiphenol with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile. The BOPN resin containing high‐density aromatic ether bonds were prepared via bulk addition polymerization. Two kinds of polymers were prepared from BOPN monomer by using 4‐(aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) as the curing agent under different curing procedures. The chemical structure of the monomer was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the storage modulus of the resin at room temperature was 3712 MPa and the glass transition temperature was above 400 °C. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis and rheological test indicated that the melting point and processing window of the monomer were 92 °C and 118 °C, respectively. The temperature for 95 % weight retention of the polymer in air was 529 °C.
Exploring the Potential of Supported Ionic Liquids as Building Block Systems in Catalysis
Authors: Kaur Pawanpreet , Chopra Harish K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupported ionic liquid catalysts have gained significant attention in recent years to overcome the limitations of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The thin film containing dispersed homogeneous catalyst in the ionic liquid have been immobilized onto various porous solid supports having a high surface area to synthesize supported ionic liquids (SILs) that acted as potential organocatalysts in organic green synthesis. Support materials, ionic liquids, and molecularly dispersed catalysts have played a significant role in increasing the catalytic activity of the SIL catalysts. In the present review, the literature of the last decade concerning the synthesis of SIL catalysts by using different strategies as well as their applications in organic synthesis is incorporated. The main emphasis of the present work is to critically analyze the recent developments in the supported molecular dispersed catalysts (such as lewis acids, organometallic complexes, metal nanoparticles, and chemical functionality associated with cation/anion of ionic liquids) using ILs and explore their potential to act as building block systems in catalysis.
Synthesis of New Picolylamine Bearing Calix[8]arene Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents for Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Oguz Mehmet , Gul Alev , Karakurt Serdar , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCalixarene macromolecules have been developed as essential candidate in pharmaceutical application as drug carrier. Possible functionalization with different small molecules at lower and upper rims uplifts biological activity in its structure. This work explain the application of lower rim‐functionalized 4‐picolylamine‐calix[8]arenes (O‐1 b and O‐2 b) in antiproliferative potentials of several human cancerous cells (DLD‐1, HT‐29, MDA‐231, and PC‐3) as well as healthy epithelium cell (PNT1 A). The death mechanism and DNA interaction of O‐1 b and O‐2 b were also investigated. Syntheses of 4‐picolylamine‐calix[8]arenes (O‐1 b and O‐2 b) confirmed with different spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and FTIR. Results demonstrated that O‐1 b and O‐2 b compounds dose‐dependently inhibited proliferation of DLD‐1, HT‐29, MDA‐231, and PC‐3 cells. The highest cytotoxicity was observed on colorectal carcinoma cells; DLD‐1 with an IC50 value as 4.96 μM and 6.12 μM, respectively. These compounds were weak inhibitors on human healthy epithelium (PNT1 A) cells, while they significantly increased the apoptosis by interacting DNA molecule in a different manner. This is the first study to clarify the molecular mechanism of 4‐picolylamine derived calix[8]arene on human cancerous cells.
Synthesis of New Energetic Materials Based on Furazan Rings and Nitro‐NNO‐azoxy Groups
Authors: Leonov Nikita E. , Klenov Michael S. , Anikin Oleg V. , Churakov Aleksandr M. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Voronin Alexey A. , Lempert David B. , Muravyev Nikita V. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Semenov Sergei E. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnergetic compounds 1–6, consisting of one or two furazan rings linked by azo or azoxy bridges and one or two nitro‐NNO‐azoxy substituents, were synthesized by nitration of the corresponding tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy precursors with NO2BF4. Novel methods for the synthesis of 3,4‐bis(tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)furazan (7) and bis‐4,4′‐(tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)‐3,3′‐azoxyfurazan (21) were elaborated. The nitro‐NNO‐azoxy compounds obtained display high calculated detonation performance (vD=8.07–9.40 km s−1 and PC‐J=27.4–43.4 GPa) that is superior to the corresponding nitrofurazans (DNF, DNAzF, DNAF). The replacement of nitrofurazans with the corresponding (nitro‐NNO‐azoxy)furazans increases the specific impulse of the model solid composite propellant formulations by 2–10 s, which is due to high calculated heats of formation (600–892 kcal kg−1) and positive oxygen balance (0–20 %) of the latter compounds.
Sodium and Sulfur Co‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Novel and Effective Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst with Tunable Bandgap for Degradation of Eosin Yellow
Authors: Das Bishal , Devi Meghali , Hassan Barbhuiya Monjur , Sankar Dhar Siddhartha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel Na and S co‐doped g‐C3N4 (Na−S−GCN) hybrid was synthesized by facile and inexpensive calcination of melamine and Na2S. The synthesized catalysts were systematically characterized with XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, HR‐TEM, XPS, PL and UV‐DRS. The successful doping of Na and S in the g‐C3N4 layers was confirmed with XPS and FT‐IR analysis. UV‐DRS spectra and band gap calculation revealed higher visible light absorption and lower band gap of Na−S−GCN (2.64 eV) than that of GCN (2.83 eV). The photochemical efficiency of Na−S−GCN was examined using eosin yellow (EY) which afforded 90 % degradation in 140 minutes under visible light. A 7.4 times higher degradation of EY was found with Na−S−GCN than that with bulk GCN. The higher catalytic activity was attributed to enhanced visible light absorption and effective lowering of recombination of reactive photogenerated species. The involvement of .OH and O2.− in the degradation process was confirmed with radical trapping experiments.
The Adsorption of Chlorofluoromethane on Pristine, Al‐, Ga‐, P‐, and As‐doped Boron Nitride Nanotubes: A PBC‐DFT, NBO, and QTAIM Study
Authors: Doust Mohammadi Mohsen , Abdullah Hewa Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe feasibility of detecting a Chlorofluoromethane (CFM) gas molecule on the outer surface of a pristine single‐walled boron nitride nanotube as well as Al‐, Ga‐, P‐, and As‐doped structures. A periodic boundary condition (PBC), within a density functional theory (DFT) method, using the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof exchange‐correlation (PBE0) functional, together with a 6‐311G(d) basis set was used. Subsequently, the B3LYP, CAM−B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06‐2X functionals were also employed to consider the single point energies. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were implemented by using the PBE0/6‐311G(d). To explore the nature of the intermolecular interactions, density of state (DOS), Wiberg bond index (WBI), natural charge, natural electron configuration, donor–acceptor natural bond orbital interactions, the second‐order perturbation energies tests, and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis are performed. The sensitivity of the adsorption will be increased when the gas molecule interacts with decorated nanotubes; therefore, the change of electronic properties can be used to design suitable nanosensors.
Co/N Co‐doped Micro‐/Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres as Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Electrocatalysts
Authors: Guo Weibin , Meng Zihan , Chen Neng , Li Hao , Cai Shichang , Wang Rui , Tang Haolin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping high efficiency and durability catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is fundamental to achieve the large‐scale commercial application of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, a series of Co−N doped bi‐functional hierarchical porous electrocatalysts were synthesized using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as soft template to assist the Zn/Co bimetal Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (BMZIF) to form micro‐/mesoporous carbon nanospheres via a convenient one‐step solution synthesis method, followed by pyrolysis to form carbon nanospheres catalysts. The as‐prepared Co/N co‐doped carbon exhibits outstanding performances in the ORR and OER due to the formed hierarchical pores architecture and the high surface area. The catalyst displays superior ORR performance with a high half‐wave potential of 0.89 V, and a remarkable long‐term stability in 0.1 M KOH. In addition, the electrocatalyst elicits a low voltage of 1.72 V under the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the zinc‐air battery fabricated with P‐CNCo‐3 delivers a power density of 175.1 mW cm−2, a high specific capacity of 791 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 976 Wh kg−1 at 20 mA cm−2.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Ternary Black Ti‐Mo‐Ni Oxide Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Deyab Nourhan M. , Salem Kholoud E. , Mokhtar Abdelrahman M. , Ramadan Mohamed , Steegstra Patrick , Hubin Annick , Delplancke Marie‐Paule , Rahier Hubert , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoint defects play important and crucial roles in the design of high performance photocatalysts. We report on the electrochemical fabrication of black Ti−Mo‐Ni−O nanotubes as a promising electrode material for solar‐assisted water splitting. The ternary Ti−Mo‐Ni−O catalyst was annealed in hydrogen atmosphere to induce point defects in the material to enhance its conductivity, charge carriers density, and performance. The effect of annealing duration on the performance of ternary Ti−Mo‐Ni−O nanotube films was investigated. The hydrogen‐annealed nanotubes showed enhanced optical characteristics in the visible spectrum, which can be related to the formation of defect states upon hydrogen annealing. The 10 h‐annealed sample showed an exceptionally enhanced photocurrent density of ∼10 mA/cm2 with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of ∼−1.0 VAg/AgCl under AM 1.5G illumination. This improved photocurrent is in agreement with the obtained 75 % incident‐photon‐to‐current‐conversion‐efficiency (IPCE), confirming the improved photoactivity of the hydrogen‐treated mixed oxide nanotubes.
Efficacy of Fatty Acid Amide Derivatives against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Yosief Hailemichael O. , Hussain Syed A. , Sarker Majher I. , Annous Bassam A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFatty acid amide derivatives of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the cocktail of four Listeria monocytogenes (LMC) strains. Pyrrolidine amide derivative of Lauric (LAPY) and myristic (MYPY) acids exhibited time and concentration dependent inhibitory activity against LMC but pyrrolidine amide derivative of palmitic acid did not show any inhibitory activity. Treating LCM strains with 15 ppm of LAPY for 2 min resulted in 4.0 log CFU/ml reduction in bacterial count, and when the treatment was extended for 4, 6 and 10 min, the bacterial growth was inhibited completely. Similarly, treating LMC with MYPY resulted in significant log reduction but higher concentration was required compared to LAPY. Both LAPY and MYPY demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity against LMC strains compared to lauric acid which is known to be active against Listeria and other gram‐positive bacterial strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that pyrrolidine amide derivative of lauric and myristic acids have excellent inhibitory activity against LMC strains. These fatty acid amide derivatives can be considered as bio‐based antimicrobial agents that can control Listeria growth in food products.
Synthesis of Triazole‐Containing rctt Tetra‐C‐Naphthyl‐Calix [4]resorcinarene and 1,1‐Dinaphthylmethane Derivatives
Authors: Serkova Olga S. , Glushko Valentina V. , Toropygin Ilya Yu. , Maslennikova Vera I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractrctt‐Octatriazolyl‐ortho‐methyl‐tetra‐C‐naphthyl‐calix[4]resorcinarenes containing triazole moieties on the horizontally and vertically arranged benzene rings of the macrocyclic core; rctt tetra‐triazolyl‐tetra‐phosphato‐ortho‐methyl‐tetra‐C‐naphthyl‐calix[4]resorcinarene with triazole groups being bound only to the vertically arranged benzene rings of the macrocycle and the phosphate groups being immobilized on the horizontally arranged benzene rings; di‐ and tetra‐triazolyl‐dinaphthylmethanes differing in the number and spatial orientation of chelate pairs; and 2,2′‐diphosphonato‐dinaphthylmethanes in which exocyclic substituents include the phosphonate and the terminal triazole moieties connected by linkers differing in the steric crowding were synthesized, isolated in high yields, and characterized. In all cases, the catalytic azide‐alkyne cycloaddition click reaction was the key step of the synthesis. One octatriazole calix[4]resorcinarene derivative was subjected to subsequent transformations in which the terminal ester groups in the triazole rings were converted to carboxyl and amide groups. The alkylation of rctt resorcinarenes with propargyl bromide and modification of octatriazole resorcinarene derivative with terminal ester groups by biologically active phenethylamine proceeded efficiently only under microwave irradiation.
The Glucose Effect on Direct Electrochemistry and Electron Transfer Reaction of Glucose Oxidase Entrapped in a Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Matrix
Authors: Yin Ziyu , Ji Zuowei , Zhang Wendi , Taylor E. Will , Zeng Xinping , Wei Jianjun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, glucose oxidase (GOx) cross‐linking to a single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)‐poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) matrix is investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) for its direct electrochemistry and kinetics with presence of glucose. The electrochemistry of the bound flavin cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) of the GOx, is impeded by glucose and recovered at absence of glucose, whereas a non‐specific sugar (e. g. sucrose) has no such effect. The Faradaic current of the GOx in CV decreases when the concentration of glucose increases, while the calculated electron transfer (ET) rate constant (k0) of the GOx presents a monotonic increment manner up to 144 % at 70 mM glucose concentration vs. absence of glucose in a deaerated electrolyte solution. The k0 and Faradaic current changes demonstrate a strong linear relationship to logarithmic value of glucose concentration up to 20 mM. These results suggest that the entrapped GOx, when exposing to glucose, becomes deactivated in the direct electrochemistry. Further mechanistic analysis suggests the ET reaction of GOx shows a responsive correlation to the non‐ergodicity of those active GOx sites. A control experiment using pure FAD immobilized in the matrix doesn't show responses to glucose addition.
Study of a new type of steel slit shear wall with initially twisted links
Authors: He Liusheng , Ma Yiming , Bu Haifeng , Jiang Huanjun 
Published: October 2020

SummaryTo address the issue of strength and stiffness degradation of steel slit shear walls (SSSWs) after the occurrence of out‐of‐plane buckling at large lateral deformation, a new type of SSSW made by assembling initially twisted steel plate links is proposed in the present work. Three types of SSSW specimens, with vertical slits, narrow rhomboid openings, and initially twisted steel plate links, respectively, were manufactured and tested under quasi‐static cyclic loading. Test results showed that the SSSW assembled by initially twisted steel plate links had no strength degradation and a nearly constant positive second stiffness throughout the whole loading process with a maximum drift ratio of 6%, whereas the other two SSSW specimens exhibited obvious degradation of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. The new SSSW also had much smaller residual strength, and its deformation capacity was largely improved. The method to predict the elastic stiffness of the new SSSW was proposed, by which the predicted results agreed well with test results. A user‐defined macromodel was developed to simulate its force‐deformation hysteretic behavior.
Harnessing Globalization: An Everlasting Challenge
Authors: Halonen Tarja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, President Tarja Halonen reflects on her experience serving as co-chair of the ILO World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization from 2002 to 2004. The World Commission’s work in achieving fair and inclusive globalization, and promoting decent work are discussed in detail. Major challenges to and prospects of the ILO as an international organization are reflected even more broadly, to build a view of the future of labour.