bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged (post‐thaw) shelf life of −80°C frozen AB apheresis plasma
Authors: Rijnhout Tim W.H. , Noorman Femke , De Kort Bob , Zoodsma Margreet , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEarly plasma transfusion is important in the treatment of patients with major hemorrhage. Prolonged shelf life of AB type frozen −80°C and cold‐stored (4°C) deep frozen plasma (DFP) will improve strategic stock management, minimize need for resupply, and make pre‐hospital implementation more feasible.METHODS AND MATERIALSPlasma products type AB of different age and origin (−30°C Fresh Frozen [(FFP], −80°C DFP [short (±1 year) and long (±7 year)] stored) were thawed (Day 0), stored at 4°C, and sampled on Days 7 and 14. Additionally, samples of plasma containing blood products (Octaplas LG®, whole blood and platelets) were compared for coagulation factor activity, phospholipid clotting time (PPL), and kaolin TEG during 4°C or 22°C storage.RESULTSCoagulation profiles of FFP, short‐ and long‐stored −80°C DFP were not significantly different after thaw. Cold storage did not affect fibrinogen, Protein C, and Antithrombin III activities whereas factor V, VII, VIII, and Protein S decreased in all blood products. After 14 days DFP still meets the guidelines for clinical use, except for Protein S (0.4 IU/mL). With exception of Octaplas LG®, phospholipid activity and TEG coagulation were similar between plasma containing blood components during storage.CONCLUSIONAB DFP quality was unaffected by almost 7 years of frozen storage. Quality of thawed 14‐day stored AB DFP met, with exception of Protein S, all minimal guidelines which implies that its quality is sufficient for use in the (pre)‐hospital (military) environment for treatment of major hemorrhage.
Improved long‐term time‐series predictions of total blood use data from England
Authors: Nandi Anita K. , Roberts David J. , Nandi Asoke K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cells are essential for modern medicine but managing their collection and supply to cope with fluctuating demands represents a major challenge. As deterministic models based on predicted population changes have been problematic, there remains a need for more precise and reliable prediction of use. Here, we develop three new time‐series methods to predict red cell use 4 to 52 weeks ahead.Study Design and MethodsFrom daily aggregates of red blood cell (RBC) units issued from 2005 to 2011 from the NHS Blood and Transplant, we generated a new set of non‐overlapping weekly data by summing the daily data over 7 days and derived the average blood use per week over 4‐week and 52‐week periods. We used three new methods for linear prediction of blood use by computing the coefficients using Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) algorithm.ResultsWe optimized the time‐window size, order of the prediction, and order of the polynomial fit for our data set. By exploiting the annual periodicity of the data, we achieved significant improvements in long‐term predictions, as well as modest improvements in short‐term predictions. The new methods predicted mean RBC use with a standard deviation of the percentage error of 2.5% for 4 weeks ahead and 3.4% for 52 weeks ahead.ConclusionThis paradigm allows short‐ and long‐term prediction of RBC use and could provide reliable and precise prediction up to 52 weeks ahead to improve the efficiency of blood services and sufficiency of blood supply with reduced costs.
Pulsed Eddy Current Response to General Corrosion in Concrete Rebar
Authors: Eddy Ian , Underhill P. R. , Morelli J. , Krause T. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCorrosion of carbon steel rebar in concrete structures, such as highway bridges and buildings, has a direct impact on their structural integrity since the rebar provides the tensile strength within the structure. Rebar strength depends on the remaining effective radius of a given rod. Long-time decay up to 0.1 s, in the transient response of pulsed eddy current (PEC), was examined as a potential method to quantify general corrosion in ferromagnetic rebar. The transient response of a coaxial solenoidal drive–receive coil pair, oriented parallel to the rebar axis, was analyzed over a range of distances into the concrete (liftoff) and rebar radii. At long times, the single exponential decay constant was largely independent of liftoff. A power law relationship for the characteristic decay time, consistent with long-time diffusion of electromagnetic fields into a rod, was observed. The intercept of a best-fit line to measured voltage decay decreased exponentially with liftoff and maintained a measurable response up to 110 mm distance for a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rebar. This exponential decay was present in 22 mm (7/8 in.), 19 mm (3/4 in.), and 15 mm (5/8 in.) samples as well. Reported results demonstrate the potential for PEC to quantify remaining cross-sectional area of rebar in concrete structures.
A Single-Loop Reliability-Based MDSDO Formulation for Combined Design and Control Optimization of Stochastic Dynamic Systems
Authors: Azad Saeed , Alexander-Ramos Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optimization of dynamic engineering systems requires an integrated approach that accounts for the coupling between embodiment design and control system design, simultaneously. Generally known as combined design and control optimization (co-design), these methods offer superior system’s performance and reduced costs. Despite the widespread use of co-design approaches in the literature, not much work has been done to address the issue of uncertainty in co-design problem formulations. This is problematic as all engineering models contain some level of uncertainty that might negatively affect the system’s performance, if overlooked. While in our previous study we developed a robust co-design approach, a more rigorous evaluation of probabilistic constraints is required to obtain the targeted reliability levels for probabilistic constraints. Therefore, we propose and implement a novel stochastic co-design approach based on the principles of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) to explicitly account for uncertainties from design decision variables and problem parameters. In particular, a reliability-based, multidisciplinary dynamic system design optimization (RB-MDSDO) formulation is developed using the sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) algorithm, such that the analysis-type dynamic equality constraints are satisfied at the mean values of random variables, as well as their most probable points (MPPs). The proposed approach is then implemented for two case studies, and the results were benchmarked through Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to indicate the impact of including reliability measures in co-design formulations.
A test of the efficacy of sand saltation for silt production: Implications for the interpretation of loess
Authors: Adams Steven M. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProduction of the silt that forms loess is attributed to processes operating in both glacial systems (glacial grinding) and sandy deserts (saltation-induced fracturing). However, the efficacy of saltation for significant silt production is controversial. Understanding the potential for silt production in deserts is essential for determining the paleoclimatic significance of loess. To better assess the significance of eolian abrasion for silt production, experimental abrasion was conducted in a device designed to simulate sand saltation at sustained storm-wind velocities (∼25 m/s). The design differs from previous work in (1) maintaining strong measured velocities for long duration, (2) removing preexisting silt and utilizing control samples, (3) and scaling results to estimate potential for loess accumulation. Scaling experimental rates of production to geologic proportions indicates that eolian abrasion of sand produces insufficient silt to create geologically significant loess deposits.
Effect of basic public health service project on neonatal health services and neonatal mortality in China: a longitudinal time-series study
Authors: Zhao Pengyu , Han Xueyan , You Lili , Zhao Yu , Yang Li , Liu Yuanli 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo analyse the trend change and level change of neonatal health services and neonatal mortality before and after the introduction of the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) project in 2009.Design and settingA national longitudinal study on neonatal mortality from 1991 to 2017 and neonatal health services from 2000 to 2017 was conducted based on data extracted from the National Neonatal Mortality Surveillance System and National Health Statistic Yearbook. The segmented linear regression model was used to assess the level changes and trend changes of the outcome variables before and after the introduction of BPHS project. Pearson correlation analysis as conducted to measure association between neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) and maternal health management rates (MMRs), neonatal visit rates, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variables were national NMR, the gap of NMR between urban and rural areas, maternal health management rate and neonatal visit rate.ResultsThe annual trend change coefficient of national NMR and the gap of NMR between urban and rural areas were −0.57 (p<0.01) and −0.49 (p<0.01) after the introduction of BPHS project, while the annual trend coefficient of the MMR and the neonatal visit rate were 1.21 (p<0.01) and 0.85 (p<0.01), respectively. The negative correlations were found between NMR and MMR (r=−0.79, p<0.01) and neonatal visit rate (r=−0.76, p<0.01).ConclusionThe BPHS project was found to be associated with increased volume of neonatal health services and reduced NMR. The design and implementation of this project may provide references to other low-income and middle-income countries.
Validation of the diagnostic performance of ‘HeartMedi V.1.0’, a novel CT-derived fractional flow reserve measurement, for patients with coronary artery disease: a study protocol
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Kang Si-Hyuck , Chung Woo-Young , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Park Sang-Don , Nam Chang-Wook , Kwon Ki-Hwan , Doh Joon-Hyung , Byun Young-Sup , Bae Jang-Whan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCoronary CT angiography (CCTA) is widely used for non-invasive coronary artery evaluation, but it is limited in identifying the nature of functional characteristics that cause ischaemia. Recent computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques applied to CCTA images permit non-invasive computation of fractional flow reserve (FFR), a measure of lesion-specific ischaemia. However, this technology has limitations, such as long computational time and the need for expensive equipment, which hinder widespread use.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, multicentre, comparative and confirmatory trial designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HeartMedi V.1.0, a novel CT-derived FFR measurement for the detection of haemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses identified by CCTA, based on invasive FFR as a reference standard. The invasive FFR values ≤0.80 will be considered haemodynamically significant. The study will enrol 184 patients who underwent CCTA, invasive coronary angiography and invasive FFR. Computational FFR (c-FFR) will be analysed by CFD techniques using a lumped parameter model based on vessel length method. Blinded core laboratory interpretation will be performed for CCTA, invasive coronary angiography, invasive FFR and c-FFR. The primary objective of the study is to compare the area under the receiver–operator characteristic curve between c-FFR and CCTA to non-invasively detect the presence of haemodynamically significant coronary stenosis. The secondary endpoints include diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and correlation of c-FFR with invasive FFR.Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethic approval from the ethics committee of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (E-1709/420-001) and informed consent will be obtained for all enrolled patients. The result will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberKCT0002725; Pre-results.
How psychiatrists coordinate treatment for COVID-19: a retrospective study and experience from China
Authors: Yue Ling , Wang Jingyi , Ju Mingliang , Zhu Yi , Chen Lianghu , Shi Lin , Shi Bohai , Chen Jun , Shen Yifeng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatients with COVID-19 are at high risk of developing mental health problems; however, the prevalence and management of mental disorders and how psychiatrists coordinate the treatment are unclear.AimsWe aimed to investigate the mental health problems of patients infected with COVID-19 and to identify the role of psychiatrists in the clinical treatment team during the pandemic. We also share the experience of psychiatric consultations of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.MethodsWe analysed data from the psychiatric medical records of 329 patients with COVID-19 in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 20 January to 8 March 2020. We collected information including sociodemographic characteristics, whether patients received psychiatric consultation, mental health symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric treatments and severity level of COVID-19.ResultsPsychiatric consultations were received by 84 (25.5%) patients with COVID-19. The most common symptoms of mental health problems were sleep disorders (75%), anxiety (58.3%) and depressive symptoms (11.9%). The psychiatric consultation rate was highest in critically ill patients (69.2%), with affective symptoms or disturbed behaviour as their main mental health problems. Psychiatric diagnoses for patients who received consultation included acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety (15.5%), depression (7.1%) and delirium (4.8%). In terms of psychiatric treatments, 86.9% of patients who received psychiatric consultation were treated with psychotropic medications, including non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents (54.8%), antidepressants (26.2%), benzodiazepines (22.6%) and antipsychotics (10.7%). Among the 76 patients who were discharged from the hospital, 79% had recovered from mental health problems and were not prescribed any psychotropic medications. The symptoms of the remaining 21% of patients had improved and they were prescribed medications to continue the treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report psychiatric consultations for patients with COVID-19. Our study indicated that a considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19, especially critically ill cases, experienced mental health problems. Given the remarkable effect of psychiatric treatments, we recommend that psychiatrists be timely and actively involved in the treatment of COVID-19.
Dendritic cell vaccination and CD40-agonist combination therapy licenses T cell-dependent antitumor immunity in a pancreatic carcinoma murine model
Authors: Lau Sai Ping , van Montfoort Nadine , Kinderman Priscilla , Lukkes Melanie , Klaase Larissa , van Nimwegen Menno , van Gulijk Mandy , Dumas Jasper , Mustafa Dana A M , Lievense Sanne L A , Groeneveldt Christianne , Stadhouders Ralph , Li Yunlei , Stubbs Andrew , Marijt Koen A , Vroman Heleen , van der Burg Sjoerd H , Aerts Joachim , van Hall Thorbald , Dammeijer Floris , van Eijck Casper H J 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notoriously resistant to treatment including checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. We hypothesized that a bimodal treatment approach consisting of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination to prime tumor-specific T cells, and a strategy to reprogram the desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME) would be needed to break tolerance to these pancreatic cancers. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated the efficacy of combined DC vaccination with CD40-agonistic antibodies in a poorly immunogenic murine model of PDAC. Based on the rationale that mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer share a number of tumor associated antigens, the DCs were loaded with either pancreatic or mesothelioma tumor lysates.MethodsImmune-competent mice with subcutaneously or orthotopically growing KrasG12D/+;Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) PDAC tumors were vaccinated with syngeneic bone marrow-derived DCs loaded with either pancreatic cancer (KPC) or mesothelioma (AE17) lysate and consequently treated with FGK45 (CD40 agonist). Tumor progression was monitored and immune responses in TME and lymphoid organs were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry and NanoString analyzes.ResultsMesothelioma-lysate loaded DCs generated cross-reactive tumor-antigen-specific T-cell responses to pancreatic cancer and induced delayed tumor outgrowth when provided as prophylactic vaccine. In established disease, combination with stimulating CD40 antibody was necessary to improve survival, while anti-CD40 alone was ineffective. Extensive analysis of the TME showed that anti-CD40 monotherapy did improve CD8 +T cell infiltration, but these essential effector cells displayed hallmarks of exhaustion, including PD-1, TIM-3 and NKG2A. Combination therapy induced a strong change in tumor transcriptome and mitigated the expression of inhibitory markers on CD8 +T cells.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the potency of DC therapy in combination with CD40-stimulation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and provide directions for near future clinical trials.
Economic evaluation of a dedicated cardiac resynchronisation therapy preassessment clinic
Authors: Sidhu Baldeep Singh , Rua Tiago , Gould Justin , Porter Bradley , Sieniewicz Benjamin , Niederer Steven , Rinaldi Christopher Aldo , Carr-White Gerald 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPatient evaluation before cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) remains heterogeneous across centres and it is suspected a proportion of patients with unfavourable characteristics proceed to implantation. We developed a unique CRT preassessment clinic (CRT PAC) to act as a final review for patients already considered for CRT. We hypothesised that this clinic would identify some patients unsuitable for CRT through updated investigations and review. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the CRT PAC led to savings for the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsA decision tree model was made to evaluate two clinical pathways; (1) standard of care where all patients initially seen in an outpatient cardiology clinic proceeded directly to CRT and (2) management of patients in CRT PAC.Results244 patients were reviewed in the CRT PAC; 184 patients were eligible to proceed directly for implantation and 48 patients did not meet consensus guidelines for CRT so were not implanted. Following CRT, 82.4% of patients had improvement in their clinical composite score and 57.7% had reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥15%. Using the decision tree model, by reviewing patients in the CRT PAC, the total savings for the NHS was £966 880. Taking into consideration the additional cost of the clinic and by applying this model structure throughout the NHS, the potential savings could be as much as £39 million.ConclusionsCRT PAC appropriately selects patients and leads to substantial savings for the NHS. Adopting this clinic across the NHS has the potential to save £39 million.
C‐reactive protein in dogs with suspected bacterial diskospondylitis: 16 cases (2010–2019)
Authors: Nye George , Liebel Francois‐Xavier , Harcourt‐Brown Tom 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesC‐reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein used in multiple canine inflammatory conditions including steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis, immune‐mediated polyarthritis and bronchopneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum CRP is elevated in cases of diskospondylitis.MethodsMedical records from 2010 to 2019 were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with diskospondylitis based on findings consistent on CT or MRI and with CRP tested.ResultsA total of 16 dogs met the inclusion criteria. All cases had back pain. Fourteen cases had elevated CRP, with a median value of 100.7 mg/l (reference range for CRP values: 0–10 mg/l), 12 were pyrexic and six had leucocytosis. The two dogs with normal CRP were normothermic and did not have leucocytosis. CRP was measured four to six weeks into antimicrobial treatment in eight of 14 dogs and was normal in all cases. One dog developed a suspected bacterial empyema diagnosed on MRI; this occurred two weeks after antibiotic treatment was discontinued based on a normal CRP level at follow‐up.ConclusionsSerum CRP is elevated in cases of diskospondylitis and may be clinically more useful to screen dogs with back pain than pyrexia or leucocytosis alone. Further long‐term clinical evaluation in a prospective study is needed to assess its use as a treatment monitoring tool and in decision making.
Post-Newtonian limit: second-order Jefimenko equations
Authors: Carlos David Pérez , Espinoza Augusto , Chubykalo Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to get second-order gravitational equations, a correction made to Jefimenko’s linear gravitational equations. These linear equations were first proposed by Oliver Heaviside in [1], making an analogy between the laws of electromagnetism and gravitation. To achieve our goal, we will use perturbation methods on Einstein field equations. It should be emphasized that the resulting system of equations can also be derived from Logunov’s non-linear gravitational equations, but with different physical interpretation, for while in the former gravitation is considered as a deformation of space-time as we can see in [2–5], in the latter gravitation is considered as a physical tensor field in the Minkowski space-time (as in [6–8]). In Jefimenko’s theory of gravitation, exposed in [9, 10], there are two kinds of gravitational fields, the ordinary gravitational field, due to the presence of masses, at rest, or in motion and other field called Heaviside field due to and acts only on moving masses. The Heaviside field is known in general relativity as Lense-Thirring effect or gravitomagnetism (The Heaviside field is the gravitational analogous of the magnetic field in the electromagnetic theory, its existence was proved employing theGravity Probe Blaunched by NASA (See, for example, [11, 12]). It is a type of gravitational induction), interpreted as a distortion of space-time due to the motion of mass distributions, (see, for example [13, 14]). Here, we will present our second-order Jefimenko equations for gravitation and its solutions.
Classification of spatial Lp AF algebras
Authors: Christopher Phillips N. , Grazia Viola Maria 
Published: July 2020

We define spatial [Formula: see text] AF algebras for [Formula: see text], and prove the following analog of the Elliott AF algebra classification theorem. If [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are spatial [Formula: see text] AF algebras, then the following are equivalent: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have isomorphic scaled preordered [Formula: see text]-groups. [Formula: see text] as rings. [Formula: see text] (not necessarily isometrically) as Banach algebras. [Formula: see text] is isometrically isomorphic to [Formula: see text] as Banach algebras. [Formula: see text] is completely isometrically isomorphic to [Formula: see text] as matricial [Formula: see text] operator algebras. As background, we develop the theory of matricial [Formula: see text] operator algebras, and show that there is a unique way to make a spatial [Formula: see text] AF algebra into a matricial [Formula: see text] operator algebra. We also show that any countable scaled Riesz group can be realized as the scaled preordered [Formula: see text]-group of a spatial [Formula: see text] AF algebra.