bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does identifying frailty from ICD-10 coded data on hospital admission improve prediction of adverse outcomes in older surgical patients? A population-based study
Authors: Harvey Lara A , Toson Barbara , Norris Christina , Harris Ian A , Gandy Robert C , Close Jacqueline J C T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
frailty is a major contributor to poor health outcomes in older people, separate from age, sex and comorbidities. This population-based validation study evaluated the performance of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, coded Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in the prediction of adverse outcomes in an older surgical population and compared its performance against the commonly used Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

Methods
hospitalisation and death data for all individuals aged ≥50 admitted for surgery to New South Wales hospitals (2013–17) were linked. HFRS and CCI scores were calculated using both 2- and 5-year lookback periods. To determine the influence of individual explanatory variables, several logistic regression models were fitted for each outcome of interest (30-day mortality, prolonged length of stay (LOS) and 28-day readmission). Area under the receiving operator curve (AUC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were assessed.

Results
of the 487,197 patients, 6.8% were classified as high HFRS, and 18.3% as high CCI. Although all models performed better than base model (age and sex) for prediction of 30-day mortality, there was little difference between CCI and HFRS in model discrimination (AUC 0.76 versus 0.75), although CCI provided better model fit (AIC 79,020 versus 79,910). All models had poor ability to predict prolonged LOS (AUC range 0.62–0.63) or readmission (AUC range 0.62–0.65). Using a 5-year lookback period did not improve model discrimination over the 2-year period.

Conclusions
adjusting for HFRS did not improve prediction of 30-mortality over that achieved by the CCI. Neither HFRS nor CCI were useful for predicting prolonged LOS or 28-day unplanned readmission.
The impact of pain on the course of ADL functioning in patients with dementia
Authors: van Dalen-Kok Annelore H , Pieper Marjoleine J C , de Waal Margot W M , van der Steen Jenny T , Scherder Erik J A , Achterberg Wilco P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding if and how pain influences activities of daily living (ADL) in dementia is essential to improving pain management and ADL functioning. This study examined the relationship between the course of pain and change in ADL functioning, both generally and regarding specific ADL functions.

Methods
Participants were Dutch nursing home residents (n = 229) with advanced dementia. ADL functioning was assessed with the Katz ADL scale, and pain with the Dutch version of the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC-D). Changes of PACSLAC-D and Katz ADL scores were computed based on the difference in scores between baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between change in pain score, change in total ADL score and specific ADL item scores during follow-up.

Results
At baseline, residents had a median ADL score of 18 (interquartile range 13–22, range 6–24) and 48% of the residents were in pain (PACSLAC-D ≥ 4). Residents with pain were more ADL dependent than residents without pain. A change in pain score within the first 3 months was a significant predictor for a decline in ADL functioning over the 6-month follow-up (B = 0.10, SE = 0.05, P = 0.045), and specifically, a decline on the items ‘transferring’ over the 6-month follow-up and ‘feeding’ during the first 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
Pain is associated with ADL functioning cross-sectionally, and a change in pain score predicts a decline in ADL functioning, independent of dementia severity. Awareness of (changes in) ADL activities is clearly important and might result in both improved recognition of pain and improved pain management.
Flattening the Curve on COVID-19: South Korea’s Measures in Tackling Initial Outbreak of Coronavirus
Authors: Lee Daejoong , Heo Kyungmoo , Seo Yongseok , Ahn Hyerim , Jung Kyungran , Lee Sohyun , Choi Hyeseung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing an unprecedented crisis around the world, with South Korea being no exception. South Korea experienced a surge of COVID-19 cases on February 19, 2020, but was able to flatten the COVID-19 curve in only 20 days without enforcing lockdown measures that restrict the freedom and movement of people. The actual field experience of the Korean government’s COVID-19 response team, who participated in drafting the document “Tackling COVID-19: Health, Quarantine, and Economic Measures: Korean experience,” was examined and an in-depth analysis was conducted of the South Korean government’s experience dealing with the Middle East respiratory syndrome of 2015. Three prominent factors were identified behind Korea’s responses against COVID-19. First, it was crucial that the government responded as 1 team efficiently to cooperate and respond to COVID-19. Second, a novel approach was needed to combat COVID-19 spread. Information and communication technology had a key role in South Korea’s strategy to contain COVID-19. Third, an effective response to COVID-19 was possible due to the successful partnership between the general public and state authorities.
‘Green revolution’ dwarf genesd1of rice has gigantic impact
Authors: Gaur Vikram Singh , Channappa Giresh , Chakraborti Mridul , Sharma Tilak Raj , Mondal Tapan Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal that has fed the world over a longer period. Before green revolution, cultivated rice is believed to have consisted of thousands of landraces each adapted to its specific climatic conditions by surviving against different abiotic and biotic selection pressure. However, owing to the low yield, photo-period sensitivity, late maturity and sensitivity to lodging of these landraces grown world-wide, serious concerns of impending global food crisis was felt during the 1960s because of (i) unprecedented increase of the population and (ii) concomitant decline in the cultivable land. Fortunately, high-yielding varieties developed through the introgression of the semi-dwarf1 gene (popularly known as sd1) during the 1960s led to significant increments in the food grain production that averted the apprehensions of nearing famine. This historical achievement having deep impact in the global agriculture is popularly referred as ‘Green Revolution.’ In this paper, we reviewed, its genetics as well as molecular regulations, evolutionary relationship with orthologous genes from other cereals as well as pseudo-cereals and attempted to provide an up-to-date information about its introgression to different rice cultivars of the world.
The scales of coevolution: comparative phylogeography and genetic demography of a locally adapted venomous predator and its prey
Authors: Holding Matthew L , Sovic Michael G , Colston Timothy J , Gibbs H Lisle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoevolutionary theory predicts that differences in the genetic demography of interacting species can influence patterns of local adaptation by affecting the potential of local populations to respond to selection. We conducted a comparative phylogeographical study of venomous rattlesnakes and their venom-resistant ground squirrel prey across California, and assessed how effective population size (Ne) estimates correspond with a previously documented pattern of rattlesnake local adaptation. Using RAD sequencing markers, we detected lineage relationships among both the rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus ssp.) and ground squirrels (Otospermophilus sp.) that are incongruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Both rattlesnakes and squirrels share a deep divergence at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. At this broad phylogeographical scale, we found that the locally adapted rattlesnakes had higher Ne than squirrels. At the population scale, snakes also had larger Ne accompanied by larger values of several metrics of population genetic diversity. However, the specific magnitude of local adaptation of venom activity to ground squirrel venom resistance was not significantly correlated with local differences in Ne or other diversity statistics between predator and prey populations, suggesting that other factors in the geographic mosaic of coevolution contribute to the specific local-scale outcomes of this interaction. These results suggest an evolutionary mechanism that may explain some (but clearly not all) of rattlesnake local adaptation in this coevolutionary interaction – larger population sizes raise the adaptive potential of rattlesnakes compared to ground squirrels.
Sustained Response After Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma Therapy in a B-Cell–Depleted Patient With Protracted Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Malsy Jakob , Veletzky Luzia , Heide Janna , Hennigs Annette , Gil-Ibanez Ines , Stein Alexander , Lütgehetmann Marc , Rosien Ulrich , Jasper Dorothea , Peine Sven , Hiller Jens , Haag Friedrich , Schmiedel Stefan , Huber Samuel , Jordan Sabine , Addo Marylyn M , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We provide detailed clinical, virological, and immunological data of a B-cell–depleted patient treated with obinutuzumab for follicular lymphoma with protracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and viremia. A sustained response was achieved after 2 courses of remdesivir and subsequent convalescent plasma therapy. Immunocompromised patients might require combined and prolonged antiviral treatment regimens.
Efficacy and Safety of a 3-Antigen (Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S) Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial in the Russian Federation
Authors: Esaulenko Elena V , Yakovlev Aleksey A , Volkov Genady A , Sukhoruk Anastasia A , Surkov Kirill G , Kruglyakov Peter V , Diaz-Mitoma Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This study compares the immunogenicity and safety of a 3-antigen (S/pre-S1/pre-S2) hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine (3AV), to a single antigen vaccine (1AV) in adults to support the registration of 3AV in Russia.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, comparative study of 3-dose regimens of 3AV (10 μg) and 1AV (20 µg) in adults aged 18–45 years. We evaluated immunogenicity based on hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titers at days 1, 28, 90, 180, and 210, adverse and serious adverse events (SAEs) to study day 210. The primary outcome was based on the difference in rates of seroconversion at day 210 (lower bound 95% confidence interval [CI]: &gt; − 4%). Secondary outcomes were seroprotection rates (SPR), defined as anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL and anti-HBs geometric mean concentration (GMC).

Results
Rate of seroconversion in 3AV (100%) was noninferior to 1AV (97.9%) at study day 210 (difference: 2.1%, 95% CI: −2.0, 6.3%]) but significantly higher at study day 28. SPR at study day 210 was &gt;97% in both arms. Anti-HBs titers were significantly higher at study days 90 (P = .001) and 180 (P = .0001) with 3AV. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) had no impact on anti-HBs titers. The rates of local reactions related to vaccination were similar between vaccine arms (3AV vs 1AV) after the first (30% vs 18.8%, P = .15), second (20.0% vs 14.6%, P = .33), and third vaccination (14.9% vs 23.4%, P = .22). No SAEs were reported.

Conclusions
3AV was noninferior to 1AV. 3AV induced high SPR, and there were no safety concerns.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04209400.
Effect of linagliptin versus placebo on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in nephrotic-range proteinuria and type 2 diabetes: the CARMELINA randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wanner Christoph , Cooper Mark E , Johansen Odd Erik , Toto Robert , Rosenstock Julio , McGuire Darren K , Kahn Steven E , Pfarr Egon , Schnaidt Sven , von Eynatten Maximilian , George Jyothis T , Gollop Nicholas D , Marx Nikolaus , Alexander John H , Zinman Bernard , Perkovic Vlado ,   the CARMELINA investigators
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP) is associated with rapid kidney function loss and increased cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. We assessed the effects of linagliptin (LINA) on CV and kidney outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without NRP.

Methods
Cardiovascular and renal microvascular outcome study with LINA randomized participants with T2D and CV disease and/or kidney disease to LINA 5 mg or placebo (PBO). The primary endpoint [time to first occurrence of 3-point major adverse cardiac events (3P-MACE)], and kidney outcomes, were evaluated by NRP status [urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥2200 mg/g] at baseline (BL) in participants treated with one or more dose of study medication.

Results
NRP was present in 646/6979 [9.3% (LINA/PBO n = 317/n = 329); median UACR 3486 (Q1: 2746/Q3: 4941) mg/g] participants, who compared with no-NRP were younger (62.3/66.1 years) and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (39.9/56.1 mL/min/1.73 m2). Over a median of 2.2 years, 3P-MACE occurred with a 2.0-fold higher rate in NRP versus no-NRP (PBO group), with a neutral LINA effect, regardless of NRP. The composite of time to renal death, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or decrease of ≥40 or ≥50% in eGFR, occurred with 12.3- and 13.6-fold higher rate with NRP (PBO group); evidence of heterogeneity of effects with LINA was observed for the former [NRP yes/no: hazard ratio 0.80 (0.63–1.01)/1.25 (1.02–1.54); P-interaction 0.005], but not the latter [0.83 (0.64–1.09)/1.17 (0.91–1.51), P-interaction 0.07]. No heterogeneity was observed for renal death or ESKD [0.88 (0.64–1.21)/0.94 (0.67–1.31), P-interaction 0.79]. Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced regardless of NRP, without increasing hypoglycaemia risk. Regression to normoalbuminuria [1.20 (1.07–1.34)] and reduction of UACR ≥50% [1.15 (1.07–1.25)] from BL, occurred more frequently with LINA, regardless of NRP status (P-interactions &gt;0.05).

Conclusions
Individuals with T2D and NRP have a high disease burden. LINA reduces their albuminuria burden and HbA1c, without affecting CV or kidney risk.
Contributions of source population and incubation temperature to phenotypic variation of hatchling Chinese skinks
Authors: Lu Hong-Liang , Qu Yan-Fu , Li Hong , Ji Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits, but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles. Here, we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink (Plestiodon chinensis) from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) to evaluate the combined effects of clutch origin, source population, and incubation temperature on hatchling traits. The relative importance of these factors varied between traits. Nearly all examined hatchling traits, including body mass, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length, head size, limb length, tympanum diameter, and locomotor speed, varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature. Measures for hatchling size (body mass and SVL) varied considerably among clutches. Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass, whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits. Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P. chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.
Male pheromones and their reception by females are co-adapted to affect mating success in two subspecies of brown rats
Authors: Zhang Yao-Hua , Zhao Lei , Fu Shi-Hui , Wang Zhen-Shan , Zhang Jian-Xu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPheromonal communication plays a key role in the sociosexual behavior of rodents. The coadaptation between pheromones and chemosensory systems has been well illustrated in insects but poorly investigated in rodents and other mammals. We aimed to investigate whether coadaptation between male pheromones and female reception might have occurred in brown rats Rattus norvegicus. We recently reported that major urinary protein (MUP) pheromones are associated with male mating success in a brown rat subspecies, R. n. humiliatus (Rnh). Here, we discovered that MUPs were less polymorphic and occurred at much lower concentrations in males of a parapatric subspecies, R. n. caraco (Rnc), than in Rnh males, and found no association between pheromones and paternity success. Moreover, the observation of Rnc males that experienced chronic dyadic encounters and established dominance–submission relationships revealed that the dominant males achieved greater mating success than the subordinate males, but their MUP levels did not differ by social status. These findings suggest that male mating success in Rnc rats is related to social rank rather than to pheromone levels and that low concentration of MUPs might not be a reliable signal for mate choice in Rnc rats, which is different from the findings obtained in Rnh rats. In addition, compared with Rnh females, Rnc females exhibited reduced expression of pheromone receptor genes, and a lower number of vomeronasal receptor neurons were activated by MUP pheromones, which imply that the female chemosensory reception of pheromones might be structurally and functionally coadapted with male pheromone signals in brown rats.
Non-calcific aortic tissue quantified from computed tomography angiography improves diagnosis and prognostication of patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Grodecki Kajetan , Tamarappoo Balaji K , Huczek Zenon , Jedrzejczyk Szymon , Cadet Sebastien , Kwiecinski Jacek , Rymuza Bartosz , Parma Radoslaw , Olasinska-Wisniewska Anna , Fijalkowska Jadwiga , Protasiewicz Marcin , Walczak Andrzej , Nowak Adrianna , Gocol Radoslaw , Slomka Piotr J , Reczuch Krzysztof , Jagielak Dariusz , Grygier Marek , Wojakowski Wojciech , Filipiak Krzysztof J , Dey Damini 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate the role of aortic valve tissue composition from quantitative cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) for the differentiation of disease subtypes and prognostication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results
Our study included 447 consecutive AS patients from six high-volume centres reporting to a prospective nationwide registry of TAVI procedures (POL-TAVI), who underwent cardiac CTA before TAVI, and 224 matched controls with normal aortic valves. Components of aortic valve tissue were identified using semi-automated software as calcific and non-calcific. Volumes of each tissue component and composition [(tissue component volume/total tissue volume) × 100%] were quantified. Relationship of aortic valve composition with clinical outcomes post-TAVI was evaluated using Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 definitions.
High-gradient (HG) AS patients had significantly higher aortic tissue volume compared to low-flow low-gradient (LFLG)-AS (1672.7 vs. 1395.3 mm3, P &lt; 0.001) as well as controls (509.9 mm3, P &lt; 0.001), but increased non-calcific tissue was observed in LFLG compared to HG patients (1063.6 vs. 860.2 mm3, P &lt; 0.001). Predictive value of aortic valve calcium score [area under the curve (AUC) 0.989, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.981–0.996] for severe AS was improved after addition of non-calcific tissue volume (AUC 0.995, 95% CI: 0.991–0.999, P = 0.011). In the multivariable analysis of clinical and quantitative computed tomography parameters of aortic valve tissue, non-calcific tissue volume [odds ratio (OR) 5.2, 95% CI 1.8–15.4, P = 0.003] and history of stroke (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.5, P = 0.037) were independent predictors of 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE).

Conclusion
Quantitative CTA assessment of aortic valve tissue volume and composition can improve detection of severe AS, differentiation between HG and LFLG-AS in patients referred for TAVI as well as prediction of 30-day MACEs post-TAVI, over the current clinical standard.
Methodological quality and risk of bias in orthodontic systematic reviews using AMSTAR and ROBIS
Authors: Hooper Emily J , Pandis Nikolaos , Cobourne Martyn T , Seehra Jadbinder 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Background
This study aimed to compare the methodological quality and risk bias of orthodontic systematic reviews (SRs) using the AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews) and ROBIS (Risk of Bias in Systematic Review) tools.

Materials and Methods
A search of electronic databases (OVID and Medline) was undertaken to identify orthodontic SRs published in five primary orthodontic journals (January 2015 to December 2018) and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews (January 2000 to January 2018). Full articles were reviewed by two assessors against the eligibility criteria. Methodological quality of each SR was gauged using the AMSTAR tool with a score of 0 or 1 given for each of the 11 items. Cumulative totals were calculated and scores between 4 and 8 represented poor to fair methodological quality and 9 or greater deemed to be good. As per the ROBIS tool, the risk of bias (ROB) for each domain was assessed and the overall ROB was classified as low, high, or unclear.

Results
A total of 91 SRs were included. The median AMSTAR score was 8 (IQR = 3). The methodological quality of 47.3% SRs was rated good. SRs without protocol registration (Coef: −3.00, 95% CI: −3.72, −2.28, P &lt; 0.001) and American continent SRs (Coef: −1.00, 95% CI: −1.72, −0.21, P = 0.007) were associated with lower AMSTAR scores. A total of 56.0% SRs were rated a low ROB, with a lower ROB apparent in multicentre SRs (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.64, P = 0.003) and a higher ROB evident in SRs without a registered protocol (OR: 111.81, 95% CI: 22.34, 559.62, P &lt; 0.001). When adjusted for the effect of AMSTAR score on ROB, a higher ROB was associated with SRs without protocol registration (OR: 32.24, 95% CI: 6.03, 172.44, P ≤ 0.001). As the AMSTAR score (per unit) increased, the odds of having a high ROB rating decreased (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.45, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
As the methodological quality rating of orthodontic SRs increases, a reduction in the ROB is evident.
Improved Equations for the Density Management Diagram Isolines of Ponderosa Pine Stands
Authors: Jang Woongsoon , Ritchie Martin W , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to improve estimation of concomitant variables for implementation of a stand density management diagram (SDMD) for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in northern California and Oregon. In traditional SDMD, isolines for variables such as stand volume are presented in such a way that uncertainty with estimation is not available. We developed the new top height and stand volume equations, as well as aboveground biomass and percent canopy cover, for building isolines in the SDMD using high-quality data collected from well-managed even-aged stands. The data were selected from the USDA Forest Service’s Pacific Southwest Research Station database. A total of 829 observations (from 113 plots across 15 sites in Oregon and California) were used for model construction. In addition, covariance-variance structures of all of the estimated parameters were provided so that users can evaluate the uncertainty associated with predictions. The model validation results indicated that the predictions made from fixed-effects model forms performed better than the current volume equation of SDMD, as well as those from mixed-effects model forms using the population average effect. The proposed equations provide enhanced predictions and additional useful information about managed ponderosa pine stands, including their uncertainty.