bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A polling experiment on public opinion on the future expansion of Medicare and Medicaid
Authors: Karra Mahesh , Sandoe Emma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a polling experiment to understand the possible framing effects that drive constituents’ views around Medicare For All (MFA) and Medicaid Buy‐In (MBI).Data Sources and Study SettingFive thousand and fifty‐one US adults aged 18 and older were recruited to participate in an online poll conducted between September 12, 2018, and September 26, 2018.Study DesignParticipants were randomized to receive one of four polls: (a) a poll measuring respondent approval for MFA, with the name of the proposal stated with a description; (b) a poll measuring approval for MFA, with only a description of the proposal; (c) a poll measuring approval for MBI, with the name stated with a description; or (d) a poll measuring approval for MBI, with only a description.Principal FindingsIncluding the names “Medicare For All” and “Medicaid Buy‐In” increases approval by 3.4 (from 32.7 percent to 36.1 percent) and 5.0 (from 50.1 percent to 55.1 percent) percentage points, respectively. Support varies by age, where MBI is most strongly supported by Millennials, while Baby Boomers and those older than 65 are more likely to support MFA.ConclusionsConstituents are more likely to support a proposal when given the names of the proposal. Approval is also higher for health policies that are framed as expansions of existing policies than as new programs.
Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates colitis by damaging epithelial barriers and inducing aberrant inflammation
Authors: Liu Hua , Hong Xia Lu , Sun Tian Tian , Huang Xiao Wen , Wang Ji Lin , Xiong Hua 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveFusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has been reported to be enriched in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to explore the role of F. nucleatum in IBD and its pathogenic mechanism.MethodsSeveral bacteria that have been reported to be associated with IBD or colorectal cancer were measured in the fecal samples of 91 patients with IBD and 43 healthy individuals. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and a Caco‐2 cell line were used to explore the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum. Barrier damage was evaluated by a transmission electron microscope, the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran, transepithelial electrical resistance and immunofluorescence. Protein levels of the cell‐cell junction and activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. Cytokine secretion and T‐cell differentiation were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.ResultsF. nucleatum was significantly enriched in the feces of patients with IBD and its abundance correlated with disease activity. Administration of F. nucleatum markedly exacerbated colitis in a DSS mouse model. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum damaged epithelial integrity and increased permeability by regulating the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins zonula occludens‐1 and occludin. Moreover, F. nucleatum promoted the secretion of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17), activated the STAT3 signaling pathway, and induced CD4+T cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 subset differentiations.ConclusionF. nucleatum can damage the intestinal barrier and induce aberrant inflammation, which exacerbates colitis.
Assessment of renal vascular anatomy on multi‐detector computed tomography in living renal donors
Authors: O’Neill Damien C. , Murphy Blathnaid , Carmody Emma , Trench Luke , Dunne Ruth , Lee Michael J , Little Dilly , Morrin Martina M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundProspective renal donors are a select population of healthy individuals who have been thoroughly screened for significant comorbidities before they undergo multi‐detector computed tomography angiography and urography (MDCT).PurposeThe aim of this study is to describe the anatomy of potential living renal donor subjects using MDCT over a 2‐year period. The primary objective is to identify the renal arterial anatomy variations, with a secondary objective of identifying venous and collecting system/ureteric variations.Materials and MethodsA prospective study was performed of prospective living kidney transplant donors at a national kidney transplant centre. Study inclusion criteria were all potential kidney donors who underwent MDCT during the living‐donor assessment process over a 2‐year period.ResultsOur cohort included 160 potential living donors who had MDCT; mean age was 45.6 years (range, 21–71). Two renal arteries were identified on the left in 40 subjects (25%) and on the right in 42 subjects (26.3%). A total of 3 or more renal arteries were identified on the left in 7 subjects (4.4%) and on the right in 7 subjects (4.4%). On the left, the distances between multiple arteries ranged from 1 mm to 43 mm, and on the right, they were 1 mm to 84 mm.ConclusionsConventionally described anatomy was only seen on the left side in 70.6% and 69.4% on the right side of subjects. Single renal arteries are seen in 54.4% showing that conventional anatomy has a relatively low incidence.
Comprehensive Assessment of Alcohol Consumption in People Living with HIV (PLWH): The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study
Authors: Ferguson Tekeda F. , Theall Katherine P. , Brashear Meghan , Maffei Vincent , Beauchamp Alaina , Siggins Robert W. , Simon Liz , Mercante Donald , Nelson Steve , Welsh David A. , Molina Patricia E. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundHigh frequency of alcohol use among people living with HIV (PLWH) warrants careful assessment and screening to better understand its impact on HIV disease progression and development of comorbidities. Due to the limitations of the tools used to measure alcohol use, the links to health consequences are not fully understood.MethodsWe completed a cross‐sectional analysis to examine the prevalence of alcohol consumption using multiple alcohol assessment tools and their correlation and consistency in a cohort of PLWH (N = 365) enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) Study. Alcohol use was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), timeline followback (TLFB) Calendar, lifetime drinking history, Alcohol and Drug Addiction Severity Index, and blood levels of phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Spearman’s correlations were estimated for continuous measures of alcohol consumption; Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to compare means; and logistic regression was used to estimate odds of alcohol use by demographic characteristics.ResultsSelf‐report of current alcohol use varied from 58.9 to 73.7% depending on the assessment. All the self‐reported alcohol measures showed statistically significant correlations with the biological marker PEth. The highest correlation was with TLFB grams (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Using TLFB, 73.7% of the cohort reported using alcohol in the last 30 days, and 61.6% had a positive PEth value. The prevalence of risky drinkers, meeting the TLFB > 3 (women) or >4 (men) drinks/day or>7 (women) or>14 (men) drinks/week, was 49.0%. Medium‐risk drinking defined as an AUDIT score ≥ 8 was reported in 40.3%, and high‐risk drinkers/probable AUD (AUDIT score ≥ 16) was met by 17.0% of the cohort.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the importance of comprehensive assessments for alcohol use, including self‐report via multiple assessment tools administered by trained staff, as well as the addition of biomarkers for improved classification of subjects into different drinking categories.
Using monitors to monitor ecological restoration: Presence may not indicate persistence
Authors: Cross Sophie L. , Craig Michael D. , Tomlinson Sean , Dixon Kingsley W. , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHabitat loss is a leading cause of biodiversity declines globally, and there has been increasing recognition in recent years of the importance of restoring degraded habitats to functional ecosystems to ameliorate this loss. Despite the critical roles animals play in ecosystems, animals are often overlooked in assessments of ecological restoration success, particularly beyond their presence or absence in these habitats. Apex predators are critical to ecosystems, regulating predator–prey dynamics, and in arid Australia, monitor lizards (Reptilia: Varanidae) often fill high‐order predatory roles. Varanids are highly diverse in size and occupy a variety of ecological niches, providing an ideal group for assessing habitat change over multiple spatial scales. Here, we assess the responses of varanids to early‐stage habitat restoration following the discontinuation of mining activities, by mapping behavioural signs of habitat usage including burrows, tracks and diggings. We recorded burrow size and track measurements to gauge the size of varanids utilising reference and restored habitats, and mapped tortuosity of tracks to assess their movement through habitats. Restored areas had significantly fewer signs of varanid presence than the reference bushland and largely appeared to be just traversed or used only by larger individuals. Restored landscapes, particularly those in early successional stages, often lack established vegetation cover and present increased metabolic costs and predation risks. Providing fauna refuges (e.g. hollow logs) to mitigate the metabolic costs and predation risks in areas undergoing restoration may aid in facilitating the return of varanids and of other animal populations, particularly during the early stages of vegetation establishment. Understanding the behavioural responses and movement ecology of animals within landscapes undergoing restoration is key to facilitating the conservation of self‐sustaining and functional ecosystems.
APPEAL‐1: A pan‐European survey of patient/caregiver perceptions of peanut allergy management
Authors: Blumchen Katharina , DunnGalvin Audrey , Timmermans Frans , Regent Lynne , Schnadt Sabine , Podestà Marcia , Sánchez Angel , Couratier Pascale , Feeney Mary , Hjorth Betina , Patel Ram , Lush Tessa , Ryan Robert , Vereda Andrea , Fisher Helen R. , Fernández‐Rivas Montserrat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeanut allergy (PA) is associated with marked quality‐of‐life (QoL) impairment. However, data are lacking on the experience and impact of living with PA from the perspectives of persons with PA (PwPA) and their caregivers. Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life study 1 (APPEAL‐1) was a pan‐European survey investigating these perspectives. This first of two articles reports clinical characteristics of PwPA and PA management practices.MethodsAPPEAL‐1 was a quantitative, online survey conducted in eight European countries, developed by eight representatives of patient advocacy groups and five healthcare professionals and researchers. Eligible participants included adults with PA and parents/caregivers of PwPA who responded by self‐report and provided proxy‐report for the PwPA under their care. Data were summarized using nonweighted descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 1846 completed/analysed questionnaires, 528 were from adults with PA (self‐report); 437 by proxy for children with PA (34 aged 0‐3 years, 287 aged 4‐12 years, 116 aged 13‐17 years) and 881 from parents/caregivers (self‐report). Of PwPA (N = 965), 95% reported diagnosis by healthcare professionals, mostly by clinical history and peanut‐specific allergy testing. Rates of allergic rhinitis, asthma and other food allergies in PwPA were 50%, 42% and 79%, respectively. Only 31% of PwPA received HCP advice/support following their worst allergic reaction, and 28% had not been prescribed an adrenaline auto‐injector. Results were similar by country but varied by age group.ConclusionsThe APPEAL‐1 findings contribute to greater understanding of PA impact on PwPA, caregivers and family members and the need for improved PA management across Europe.
Gestational age reference ranges for umbilical cord blood lactate: An external validation study of post‐date pregnancies
Authors: Bowe Sophie , Staff Anne C. , Sugulle Meryam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA previous study published in 2008 by Wiberg et al demonstrated increasing umbilical cord blood lactate at delivery by gestational age in vigorous offspring (n = 10 169, gestational age 24‐43 weeks). Based on these results the authors concluded that gestational age‐independent umbilical cord lactate cut‐off could give false‐negative or false‐positive diagnosis of lacticemia. To our knowledge, these findings have not been incorporated into clinical interpretations in delivery units. To perform an external validity study for the findings by Wiberg et al, we analyzed umbilical cord blood lactate levels according to gestational age in a post‐date delivery study population at our large, tertiary obstetric unit. The parallel finding of our study to that of Wiberg et al highlights the importance of using available gestational age dependent reference ranges (eg as presented in Wiberg’s publication), when interpreting umbilical cord blood lactate levels for fetal wellbeing.
Approaches to Representing Social Hierarchy Level and Social Constructs: Methodological Exploration and Recommendations
Authors: Weeks Matthew , Estes Madeline 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent social psychological investigations on the social hierarchy have largely occurred without clear delineations in the language used to reference the different strata in the hierarchy (e.g., upper‐class vs. rich vs. high socioeconomic status [SES]). Both within and between research reports, labels can be used inconsistently. We report four studies comparing social hierarchy category labels (SHCLs) on empirically relevant dimensions. Study 1 examined the subjective SES associated with different SHCLs and found that, despite considerable similarity in terms at both the lower and upper ends of the hierarchy, substantive differences occurred. Study 2 examined perceptions of group entitativity and found that pairs of SHCLs (e.g., Rich/Poor vs. Upper‐/Lower‐Class) differ in judgment‐relevant properties. Study 3 compared four types of SHCLs on dimensions of power, status, and resources. Finally, Study 4 provided an experimental demonstration of the impact of interchanging SHCLs. Implications of the findings and recommendations for ongoing empirical efforts are discussed.
Genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mone NK , Clark NJ , Kyaw‐Tanner M , Turni C , Barnes TS , Parke CR , Alawneh JA , Blackall PJ , Meers J 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the current porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes circulating in pigs in Queensland (QLD).MethodsThe PCV2 infection status of pigs was determined by real‐time PCR testing of 210 lymph nodes and 30 serum samples derived from 45 QLD farms. PCV2‐positive samples from 22 pigs from 15 farms were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the full PCV2 genome. Phylogenetic analysis of 17 of these sequences in relation to published PCV2 sequences was then performed, and the genotypes were compared.ResultsPCV2 DNA was detected in 95 lymph nodes and 15 serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 17 PCV2 sequences demonstrated that seven belonged to genotype PCV2b, two to PCV2d, one to PCV2f and seven to an “intermediate group” that clustered with PCV2d on the full genome analysis.ConclusionThis work confirms earlier studies reporting the presence of PCV2b in Australia. It is the first study to report that PCV2d and PCV2f are also present in this country. PCV2d is currently a fast‐spreading genotype globally, with reported high virulence. The potential implications of these findings with respect to pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy require further investigation.
How executive functions contribute to reading comprehension
Authors: Nouwens Suzan , Groen Margriet A. , Kleemans Tijs , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundExecutive functions have been proposed to account for individual variation in reading comprehension beyond the contributions of decoding skills and language skills. However, insight into the direct and indirect effects of multiple executive functions on fifth‐grade reading comprehension, while accounting for decoding and language skills, is limited.AimThe present study investigated the direct and indirect effects of fourth‐grade executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibition, and planning) on fifth‐grade reading comprehension, after accounting for decoding and language skills.SampleThe sample included 113 fourth‐grade children (including 65 boys and 48 girls; Age M = 9.89; SD = .44 years).MethodsThe participants were tested on their executive functions (working memory, inhibition and planning), and their decoding skills, language skills (vocabulary and syntax knowledge) and reading comprehension, one year later.ResultsUsing structural equation modelling, the results indicated direct effects of working memory and planning on reading comprehension, as well as indirect effects of working memory and inhibition via decoding (χ2 = 2.46).ConclusionsThe results of the present study highlight the importance of executive functions for reading comprehension after taking variance in decoding and language skills into account: Both working memory and planning uniquely contributed to reading comprehension. In addition, working memory and inhibition also supported decoding. As a practical implication, educational professionals should not only consider the decoding and language skills children bring into the classroom, but their executive functions as well.
Proliferation‐associated long noncoding RNA,TMPO‐AS1, is a potential therapeutic target for triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Mitobe Yuichi , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Sato Wataru , Kodama Yukinobu , Naito Mitsuru , Gotoh Noriko , Miyata Kanjiro , Kataoka Kazunori , Sasaki Hitoshi , Horie‐Inoue Kuniko , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer compared with luminal or epidermal growth factor receptor 2 subtypes, thus effective therapeutic options for TNBC are yet to be developed. Nowadays, oncogenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are applied to cancer management as a new class of therapeutic targets. We previously showed that thymopoietin antisense transcript 1 (TMPO‐AS1) is a proliferation‐associated lncRNA that contributes to hormone‐dependent breast cancer progression by stabilizing estrogen receptor‐α mRNA. We here showed thatTMPO‐AS1is abundantly expressed in basal‐like breast cancer subtype based on the transcriptomic data in The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as in TNBC cell lines and patient‐derived cells. Small interfering RNA‐based loss‐of‐function analyses showed thatTMPO‐AS1knockdown substantially represses the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Expression microarray analysis showed thatTMPO‐AS1alters gene signatures related to transforming growth factor‐β signaling in addition to proliferative E2F signaling pathways.TMPO‐AS1‐targeted siRNA treatment through engineered drug delivery systems using cancer‐targeted polyion complex micelle or nanoball technology significantly impaired the in vivo growth of primary and metastatic TNBC xenograft tumors. Our findings suggest thatTMPO‐AS1plays a key role in TNBC pathophysiology and could be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Peptidoglycan-treated tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells impart complete resistance against tumor rechallenge
Authors: Patidar A , Selvaraj S , Chauhan P , Guzman C A , Ebensen T , Sarkar A , Chattopadhyay D , Saha B 
Published: May 2020

SummarySolid tumors elicit suppressive T cell responses which impair antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions. Such immune suppression results in uncontrolled tumor growth and mortality. Addressing APC dysfunction, dendritic cell (DC)-mediated anti-tumor vaccination was extensively investigated in both mice and humans. These studies never achieved full resistance to tumor relapse. Herein, we describe a repetitive RM-1 murine tumor rechallenge model for recurrence in humans. Using this newly developed model, we show that priming with tumor antigen-pulsed, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 ligand-activated DCs elicits a host-protective anti-tumor immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Upon stimulation with the TLR2 ligand peptidoglycan (PGN), the tumor antigen-pulsed DCs induce complete resistance to repetitive tumor challenges. Intra-tumoral injection of PGN reduces tumor growth. The tumor resistance is accompanied by increased expression of interleukin (IL)-27, T-box transcription factor TBX21 (T-bet), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, along with heightened cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions. Mice primed four times with PGN-stimulated tumor antigen-pulsed DCs remain entirely resistant to repeat challenges with RM-1 tumor cells, suggesting complete prevention of relapse and recurrence of tumor. Adoptive transfer of T cells from these mice, which were fully protected from RM-1 rechallenge, confers anti-tumor immunity to syngeneic naive recipient mice upon RM-1 challenge. These observations indicate that PGN-activated DCs induce robust host-protective anti-tumor T cells that completely resist tumor growth and recurrence.
Quantum Coin Method for Numerical Integration
Authors: Shimada N. H. , Hachisuka T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight transport simulation in rendering is formulated as a numerical integration problem in each pixel, which is commonly estimated by Monte Carlo integration. Monte Carlo integration approximates an integral of a black‐box function by taking the average of many evaluations (i.e. samples) of the function (integrand). For N queries of the integrand, Monte Carlo integration achieves the estimation error of . Recently, Johnston [Joh16] introduced quantum super‐sampling (QSS) into rendering as a numerical integration method that can run on quantum computers. QSS breaks the fundamental limitation of the convergence rate of Monte Carlo integration and achieves the faster convergence rate of approximately which is the best possible bound of any quantum algorithms we know today [NW99]. We introduce yet another quantum numerical integration algorithm, quantum coin (QCoin) [AW99], and provide numerical experiments that are unprecedented in the fields of both quantum computing and rendering. We show that QCoin's convergence rate is equivalent to QSS's. We additionally show that QCoin is fundamentally more robust under the presence of noise in actual quantum computers due to its simpler quantum circuit and the use of fewer qubits. Considering various aspects of quantum computers, we discuss how QCoin can be a more practical alternative to QSS if we were to run light transport simulation in quantum computers in the future.