bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An estimate of the number of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias interacting with ecotourism in Guadalupe Island
Authors: Becerril‐García Edgar E. , Hoyos‐Padilla Edgar M. , Santana‐Morales Omar , Gutiérrez‐Ortiz Miguel A. , Ayala‐Bocos Arturo , Galván‐Magaña Felipe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to provide an estimate of the number of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias that seasonally interact with ecotourism boats in Guadalupe Island using Schnabel's mark–recapture method and 6316 records of white sharks during 2012–2014. The results of the estimation highlight an abundance of 78 white sharks 95% C.I. (62.1, 105.6) interacting with ecotourism. The regulations regarding the number of tourists, boats and the monitoring of white sharks should be assessed to improve management decisions regarding the conservation and sustainable use of this threatened species.
Improving thawed quality of hot‐pot vegetable balls by a freeze–thaw stability control by adding hydrocolloids
Authors: Jiang Hongyao , Zhang Min , Sun Yanan , Bhandari Bhesh , Wang Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of addition of three different hydrocolloids (guar gum [GG], arabic gum [AG], and carrageenan gum) with the addition amounts of 0.25–1.00% on frozen vegetable balls quality. The qualities of vegetable balls after 0–5 freeze–thaw cycles (FTC) were evaluated in terms of the dehydration rate, thermal property, textural properties, gel strength, and water mobility and distribution. The results showed that the melting property of ice and cross‐linked structure of frozen vegetable balls can be ameliorated and the drip loss or dehydration can be slowed down by the addition hydrocolloids, thus improving the freeze–thaw stability. With an increasing number of FTC, loose structure was formed which resulted in to the poor quality of boiled product. The best cooking quality in terms of textural properties (springiness, hardness, and gel strength values), dehydration, and melting enthalpy change after 5 FTC was in the order of balls added with 0.50% GG, 0.75% AG, and 0.50% carrageenan. In conclusion, the overall results showed that the addition of hydrocolloids can improve the freeze–thaw stability and cooking characteristics of vegetable balls.Practical applicationsAppropriate addition of hydrocolloids could reduce the negative influence of freeze–thaw cycles on vegetable balls quality by improving physical stability, increasing the content of bound water, and maintaining the dense texture of the product. By an in‐depth study of hydrocolloids in food preparation technology, different types hydrocolloids can be used for the improvement of freeze–thaw stability vegetable products, which has potential for a wide application and development prospects.
Effects of an oscillating magnetic field on ice nucleation in aqueous iron‐oxide nanoparticle dispersions during supercooling and preservation of beef as a food application
Authors: Kang Taiyoung , Hoptowit Raymond , Jun Soojin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to explore the effects of an oscillating magnetic field (OMF) on the ice nucleation behavior of distilled water (DW) and iron‐oxide nanoparticle dispersion (IND) during supercooling. The magnetic field intensity and distribution of the OMF produced by Helmholtz coils were predicted using COMSOL. It was hypothesized that the ferric nanoparticles in the IND would promote the heterogeneous ice nucleation, and the OMF could inhibit the nucleation process by rotating the particles. The supercooling probability of IND was significantly increased by 36% under the OMF at the ambient temperature of −10°C. However, the OMF also enhanced the supercooling stability of DW by 32%, suggesting that it could induce the dipolar movements of water molecules via water diamagnetism and create the induced electric fields, subsequently suppressing the occurrence of ice nucleation within DW as well. As an extended application, fresh beef was preserved in a supercooled state with the OMF treatment and its supercooled state was effectively extended for a week at the temperature of −4°C. The supercooling preservation potentially prolonged the shelf life of meat with no significant changes in drip loss, color, and bacterial growth for up to a week in this study.Practical applicationsRecently, the application of an oscillating magnetic field (OMF) has attracted considerable interest in the food preservation industry because the OMF is supposed to control ice nucleation during the freezing process. The present study demonstrated that the OMF treatment potentially suppressed ice nucleation in water and aqueous iron‐oxide nanoparticle dispersion. As a case study, beef steaks were preserved at subzero temperatures with the OMF treatment and they were successfully supercooled at −4°C for up to 7 days. The supercooling technology based on the OMF allowed to maintain the meat quality for an extended period while preventing bacterial growth. This novel technology can be integrated into a commercial refrigeration system and ensure the prolonged shelf life of various food products.
Thermal degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during tray drying process
Authors: Singhal Somya , Rasane Prasad , Kaur Sawinder , Singh Jyoti , Gupta Neeru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study examined the degradation of bioactive components (total polyphenol, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids) and antioxidant activity by measuring the free‐radical scavenging activity (% inhibition) in control (microwave blanched at 1,080 W for 30 s followed by osmotic dehydration in 15% sodium chloride solution for 10 min) button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) under the effect of heat treatment. The control button mushrooms were tray dried at a temperature range of (60, 65, and 70°C) until constant weight. Phytochemicals and antioxidant were further analyzed and quantified at every hour. Moreover, kinetic modeling of phytochemicals has been done. The present study shows that free‐radical scavenging activity (% inhibition) and total phenolic content degradation could be better anticipated through first‐order kinetic model, while, flavonoid content and ascorbic acid degradation by a second‐order kinetic model based on the values of coefficient of determination (R2). The decimal reduction time (D value), activation energy, entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy has been analyzed for all respective parameters in treated mushroom and reported. This finding would be beneficial for designing thermal processing for button mushroom.Practical ApplicationsIn mushrooms, thermal processing is one of the most common technique employed commercially. Nutritional losses in the mushroom‐based value added product could be reduced extensively through analyzing the best optimized technique. The proposed model could be adopted in mushroom processing to generate desired response in variable conditions.
Comparative Accuracy and Efficiency of Four Delirium Screening Protocols
Authors: Motyl Claire M. , Ngo Long , Zhou Wenxiao , Jung Yoojin , Leslie Douglas , Boltz Marie , Husser Erica , Inouye Sharon K. , Fick Donna , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESSystematic screening can improve detection of delirium, but lack of time is often cited as why such screening is not performed. We investigated the time required to implement four screening protocols that use the Ultra‐Brief two‐item screener for delirium (UB‐2) and the 3‐Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)–defined Delirium (3D‐CAM), with and without a skip pattern that can further shorten the assessment. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and time required to complete four protocols: (1) full 3D‐CAM on all patients, (2) 3D‐CAM with skip on all patients, (3) UB‐2, followed by the full 3D‐CAM in “positives,” and (4) UB‐2, followed by the 3D‐CAM with skip in “positives.”DESIGNComparative efficiency simulation study using secondary data.SETTINGTwo studies (3D‐CAM and Researching Efficient Approaches to Delirium Identification (READI)) conducted at a large academic medical center (3D‐CAM and READI) and a small community hospital (READI only).PARTICIPANTSGeneral medicine inpatients, aged 70 years and older (3D‐CAM, n = 201; READI, n = 330).MEASUREMENTSWe used 3D‐CAM data to simulate the items administered under each protocol and READI data to calculate median administration time per item. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and total administration time for each of the four protocols.RESULTSThe 3D‐CAM and READI samples had similar characteristics, and all four protocols had similar simulated sensitivity and specificity. Mean administration times were 3 minutes 13 seconds for 3D‐CAM, 2 minutes 19 seconds for 3D‐CAM with skip, 1 minute 52 seconds for UB‐2 + 3D‐CAM in positives, and 1 minute 14 seconds for UB‐2 + 3D‐CAM with skip in positives, which was 1 minute 59 seconds faster than the 3D‐CAM (P < .001).CONCLUSIONThe UB‐CAM, consisting of the UB‐2, followed in positives by the 3D‐CAM with skip pattern, is a time‐efficient delirium screening protocol that holds promise for increasing systematic screening for delirium in hospitalized older adults.
Internalized stigma: One of the main factors responsible for the psychosocial burden of melasma?
Authors: Özkesici Kurt Birgül , İnan Doğan Esra , Özdemir Mikail , Alpsoy Erkan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternalized stigma is the acceptance of negative stereotypes about the disease created by society and withdrawing self from society with emotions such as worthlessness and shame.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the internalized stigma state of patients with melasma, and to identify the factors affecting the internalized stigma.MethodsA total of 55 melasma patients were included. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Melasma Severity Index, the Turkish version of the Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MelasQoL‐TR), and Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS) were used. Besides, patients answered the Perceived Health Status (PHS) and the General Health Questionnaire 12 scales (GHQ‐12) surveys.ResultsThe mean ISS total score was found as 49.49 ± 13.15. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.92 for melasma patients. There was a significant correlation between the ISS total score and MelasQoL‐TR (r = 0.608, P < .001). Besides, statistically significant positive correlations were also found between the overall scores of ISS and GHQ‐12 (r = 0.578, P < .001). Linear regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of internalized stigma was MelasQoL‐TR (β = 0.313, P < .001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients with melasma internalize the negative stereotype judgments of the society about the disease. High levels of internalized stigma are related to poor quality of life and psychological illnesses. Therefore, internalized stigma may be one of the main factors responsible for the psychosocial burden of melasma.
Pyoderma gangrenosum with thymoma and myasthenia gravis: A case report
Authors: Tunçez Akyürek Fatma , Akyurek Mehmet , Zekey Emre , Can Ismail , Saylam Kurtipek Gulcan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic dermatosis which is characterized by painful, necrotic ulcer with violaceous border that heals with cribriform scar. Although the etiopathogenesis of PG is not known exactly, it can be triggered by many factors such as genetics, autoimmune, pathergy phenomenon, drugs, and paraneoplastic. It is frequently associated with autoimmune pathogenesis such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatologic disease. It can also be associated with hematological or solid organ malignancies, and then, it is called paraneoplastic PG. The association of PG with myasthenia gravis and thymoma has not been previously reported. In our case, these three diseases with a common paraneoplastic pathogenesis were seen together and the coexistence of the three diseases is rare. Treatment of PG should be decided according to the severity, spread of the lesions, concomitant disease, medical condition, and tolerance of the patient. The purpose of treatment is to control the lesions and related diseases for a long time with minimal side effects. Mycophenolate mofetil treatment was used safely and successfully for both generalized MG and PG in our case.
Predicting hospital outcomes with the reported edmonton frail scale‐Thai version in orthopaedic older patients
Authors: Roopsawang Inthira , Thompson Hilaire , Zaslavsky Oleg , Belza Basia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test the ability of the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale‐Thai version to predict hospital outcomes compared with standard preoperative assessment measures (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure) in older Thai orthopaedic patients.BackgroundFrailty is a common geriatric condition. No previous studies have assessed frailty among orthopaedic patients in Thailand. Effective frailty screening could enhance quality of care.DesignProspective cohort study in a university hospital.MethodsTwo hundred hospitalised patients, aged 60 years or older and scheduled for orthopaedic surgery, participated in the study. Frailty was evaluated using the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale‐Thai version. Multiple Firth logistic regression was used to model the effect of frailty on postoperative complications, postoperative delirium and discharge disposition. Length of stay was examined using Poisson regression. Comparing predictability of the instruments, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and mean squared errors were evaluated. The STROBE guideline was used.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 72 years; mostly were female, frail and underwent knee, spine and/or hip surgery. Poor health outcomes including postoperative complications, postoperative delirium, and not being discharged to the home were commonly identified. The length of stay varied from three days to more than ten weeks. Frailty was significantly associated with postoperative complications, postoperative delirium and prolonged length of stay. The Reported Edmonton Frail Scale‐Thai version revealed good performance for predicting postoperative complications and postoperative delirium and was improved by combining with standard assessments.ConclusionThe Reported Edmonton Frail Scale‐Thai version, alone or combined with standard assessment, was useful for predicting adverse outcomes in older adults undergoing orthopaedic surgery.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings indicate that nurse professionals should apply culturally sensitive frailty screening to proactively identify patients’ risk of frailty, improve care quality and prevent adverse outcomes.
Misoprostol vs vasopressin as a single hemostatic agent in laparoscopic myomectomy: Comparable, or just better than nothing?
Authors: Protopapas Athanasios , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Chatzipapas Ioannis , Athanasiou Stavros , Grigoriadis Themistoklis , Samartzis Konstantinos , Kypriotis Konstantinos , Vlachos Dimitrios‐Eythymios , Zacharakis Dimitrios , Loutradis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimLaparoscopic myomectomy may be associated with considerable blood loss, especially in patients in whom no specific hemostatic measures are used. We conducted this retrospective comparative study to investigate whether misoprosol is an effective and safe alternative to vasopressin when used as single hemostatic agent in laparoscopic myomectomy.MethodsTwo hundred cases undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy (‐ies), were included. Of these, 50 pre‐treated with vaginal misoprostol 400mcg 1 h before surgery (group 1), were compared with two historic consecutive groups: 100 patients treated with intraoperative intra‐myometrial injection of dilute vasopressin (20 IU/100 mL normal saline) (group 2), and 50 treated without use of any hemostatic agent (group3).ResultsMean procedure length did not differ significantly between the three groups (127.9 vs 100.6 vs 130.8 min). Mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 179.7 ± 200.0 mL in group 1, compared with 147.8 ± 171.8 mL in group 2 (P = 0.793) and 321.8 ± 246.0 mL in group 3, respectively (P < 0.001). EBL was lower in group 2 in most of the study's subgroups of patients stratified according to size and number of fibroids compared with group 1, with the exception of patients with ≥4 fibroids, and ≥7 cm in size. In these subgroups, misoprostol appeared more effective. Neither agent was associated with serious adverse events.ConclusionVaginal misoprostol can be effective in reducing blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy. Although rates of EBL are, in general, higher compared with those obtained with vasopressin, they are significantly reduced compared with those observed when no hemostatic agent is used. In extended procedures, vaginal misoprostol, due to its prolonged uterotonic action, may be associated with reduced blood loss compared with vasopressin.
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation: Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change
Authors: Hanelt André , Bohnsack René , Marz David , Antunes Marante Cláudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article we provide a systematic review of the extensive yet diverse and fragmented literature on digital transformation (DT), with the goal of clarifying boundary conditions to investigate the phenomenon from the perspective of organizational change. On the basis of 279 articles, we provide a multi‐dimensional framework synthesizing what is known about DT and discern two important thematical patterns: DT is moving firms to malleable organizational designs that enable continuous adaptation, and this move is embedded in and driven by digital business ecosystems. From these two patterns, we derive four perspectives on the phenomenon of DT: technology impact, compartmentalized adaptation, systemic shift and holistic co‐evolution. Linking our findings and interpretations to existing work, we find that the nature of DT is only partially covered by conventional frameworks on organizational change. On the basis of this analysis, we derive a research agenda and provide managerial implications for strategy and organizational change.
Urea Cycle Disorders: A Neuroimaging Pattern Approach Using Diffusion and FLAIR MRI
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , McKinney Alexander M. , Nascene David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study aimed to assess characteristic regions of MRI involvement utilizing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) at urea cycle disorder (UCD) diagnosis to determine the possible association between initial MRI patterns within 10 days of the first hyperammonemia episode, serum ammonia levels, and severity of neurological outcome based on clinical follow‐up of >30 days.METHODSTen patients with UCDs (4 females; median age: 5.4 years, age range: 6 days‐54 years) were included who underwent MRI during a first episode of hyperammonemia. The topographical distribution of the DWI and FLAIR abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, deep gray matter, white matter, posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, and cerebellum was evaluated. Possible correlations between the brain injury patterns on DWI/FLAIR images, serum ammonia levels, and severity of neurological outcome were investigated by a trend correlation.RESULTSThe UCD cohort (n = 10) involved four ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiencies, four argininosuccinic aciduria, one carbomoylphosphate synthetase deficiency, and one citrullinemia type‐1. The observed trend in the distribution of DWI abnormalities as the severity of neurological sequela outcome increased was with diffuse cerebral cortex or corpus striatum involvement. Patients with initial peak serum ammonia ≥450 µmol/L had a grade 2 to 4 outcome, and those with peak ammonia <450 µmol/L had a grade 0 or 1 outcome.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of more severe neurological outcome could be associated with diffuse cerebral cortex or corpus striatum involvement on DWI and high serum ammonia levels in patients with UCD.
Are jaw range of motion, muscle function and proprioception impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dinsdale Alana , Liang Zhiqi , Thomas Lucy , Treleaven Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nature of certain musculoskeletal impairments associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is unclear. Understanding impairments within TMD subgroups is important to guide management.ObjectivesCharacterise local musculoskeletal impairments in adults with persistent TMD.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 12 January 2020. Bibliographies were searched for additional articles, including grey literature. Case‐control and interventional studies reporting temporomandibular range of motion (ROM), muscle function (MF) or proprioception in TMD and control groups were included. Risk of bias was assessed using SIGN checklist for case‐control studies. Results were pooled using random‐effects model. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined using American Academy of Neurology guidelines.ResultsSixty‐six studies were included, most rated moderate risk of bias. Twelve primary outcomes were assessed, with partial scope for meta‐analysis. Significant reductions were found for active maximal mouth opening (P < .00001, MD=−4.65 mm), protrusion (P < .0001, MD=−0.76 mm) and maximum bite force (P < .00001) in TMD versus controls. Subgroup analysis scope was limited. Reduced AMMO was found in myogenic TMD subgroups versus controls (P = .001, MD= −3.28 mm). Few studies measured proprioception, with high methodological variability. Confidence in cumulative evidence ranged from high to very low.ConclusionROM and bite force impairments accompany TMD. Insufficient data were available to investigate impairments within TMD subgroups.ImplicationsSeveral musculoskeletal impairments have been identified, which may guide clinical management of TMD. Lack of subgroup data, and data for proprioception and MF, highlights future direction for research.PROSPEROCRD42020150734.
Using tactile stimuli to enhance sweet perception in iced tea samples
Authors: Lago Maider , De la Rosa Jose , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe perception and acceptance of food can be influenced by multiple factors, including the sensations generated by the contact with the food surface or its packaging. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the texture of the cups held when drinking an iced tea sample would have an influence on the perception of its sweetness intensity. Participants tasted four iced tea samples in disposable plastic cups which surface had been modified to elicit different basic tastes, and were asked to rank the drinks depending on their sweetness intensity. Results showed that the texture of the container influenced participants' ranking, and the sweetness perception of the tea could be increased through the cup's surface.Practical ApplicationsResults of the present study are useful mainly for the packaging industry, providing information that verifies the idea that some materials could help increase the acceptance of reformulated products (e.g., beverages with a reduction in the sugar content). In general, the results obtained in the study show a strategy for food reformulation, giving a greater importance on the haptic cues of foods, packaging, and cutlery.