bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administrative Legacies and ‘Phantom Borders’ in Transnistria, 1996-2003. The Case of the Rybnitsa Sugar and Alcohol Factory
Authors: Lesanu Alexandru 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the Soviet dissolution, the eastern districts of the newly established Republic of Moldova refused to recognize the Moldovan authorities and proclaimed the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR). In the post-Soviet context, the PMR, or Transnistria as the international public know it, emerged as a de facto state without international recognition. This ‘phantom’ status in international relations entailed the reputation of being ‘a black hole’ in international trade. However, the de facto state managed to develop its own customs authorities, which created an extensive administrative legacy of what was a merely de facto border. The author uses the concept of ‘phantom border’ to contextualize this administrative legacy of the Transnistrian borders. He traces these legacies through the correspondence between the Transnistrian customs authorities and the administration of the Rybnitsa Sugar and Alcohol Factory—a major local enterprise with a long history as an actor in the regional border infrastructure.
Grundrente – ungelöste normative Widersprüche
Authors: Pimpertz Jochen , Stockhausen Maximilian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The proposed basic pension in the German statutory pension scheme would misdirect aid in four out of five cases to those not in need if a means test is waived. In order to recognise life`s work even in case of need, personal allowance can be deducted from the means test. However, this leads to different coverages of comparable requirements. A universal increase in the minimum guarantee avoids unequal treatment but leads to higher fiscal burdens. However, any basic pension model can hardly solve the problem of shameful poverty among the elderly.
Mit Weiterbildung und Kurzarbeit die digitale und ökologische Transformation bewältigen
Authors: Buntenbach Annelie , Jakob Johannes 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this text, the DGB develops proposals from a trade union point of view, on how to tackle the emerging structural transformation that will affect large parts of the manufacturing industry.
Given the importance of this sector, it is justifiable for the state to use public funds to accompany these structural changes, especially since part of the changes are also a result of state intervention. The primary focus should be set on continuing education and training. The arguments made against subsidized training can be largely refuted in this context. Continuing education and training can be supported by the counselling services of the Employment Agencies. Company training plans can assure that no group of employees is left behind and that the trainings that are carried out are future-oriented. Finally, the financial participation of employers is also a guarantee that no “training for stock” will take place.
The instrument of short-time-work must also come into use. However, the conditions in which it can be employed should be expanded and tailored to meet the current challenges. Short-time-work should also be possible in case of a “technological and ecological transformation, leading to massive and rapid changes in the conditions of production”. The IG Metall proposal of a “transformation short-time-work allowance” provides a good basis for this discussion.
Another potential source for skilled workers are the currently unemployed persons. Studies show that more unemployed persons would undergo a vocational training if the financial framework conditions were better. The DGB has proposed that an additional allowance should be granted to this group during measures of further education. Such an allowance would particularly support the recipients of minimum income provisions, of whom a large number doesn’t have any completed vocational training.
Kurzarbeit in Krisen stärken und für Weiterbildung gezielt nutzen
Authors: Wuttke Jürgen , Robra Anna 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag legt die erfolgreichen Instrumente für den erweiterten Einsatz von Kurzarbeit in der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2008/2009 zur Stabilisierung von Beschäftigung dar. Auf dieser Grundlage begründet er die Forderung der Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände (BDA) für eine Verordnungsermächtigung zugunsten der Bundesregierung, mit der für den Fall schwerer branchenweiter Krisen ein erneuter Einsatz dieses erweiterten Instrumentariums zur Unterstützung von Kurzarbeit ermöglicht werden soll. Außerdem werden sinnvolle Ansätze für die Förderung von Weiterbildung während Kurzarbeit sowie die dazu heute noch bestehenden Hemmnisse&#x00A0;untersucht. Der Beitrag setzt sich darüber hinaus mit den Vorschlägen zur Perspektivqualifizierung, zu einem Transformations-Kurzarbeitergeld sowie einer verbesserten Förderung von Qualifizierung in Transfergesellschaften auseinander.
SOCIO-CULTURAL MEASURES OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE TERRITORY OF GALICIA AND NADDNIPRYANSHCHYNA (XVIII - XIX CENTURIES)
Authors: Chymak Mykola 
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the fundamental activity of progressive representatives of Ukrainian educators of a certain epoch on the way to achieving socio-cultural optimum.
The rethinking of the acute need for Ukraine to enter the European educational space has actualized the author's task - a deep retrospective reconsideration of the historical and pedagogical events of previous centuries, with a view to interpret more thoroughly the experience of the Enlighteners of the past generations and define their general significance for the further development of our state.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the socio-cultural dimensions of the development of education in the territory of Galicia and Naddnipryanshchyna in the context of the XVIII - XIX centuries. The author investigates the multidimensionality of the main directions and forms of work of education and science representatives during the studied historical period.
The research tools for the study were chronological and content, incremental, historical, pedagogical and comparative methods. The use of a whole range of methodological research tools allowed to determine that the activities of the progressive scientific and educational elite of the time, which continued to widely disseminate high-education ideas on the pro-Ukrainian territory, became the basis for more advanced development of vocational education.
ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК УЧИТЕЛЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ: ДЕЯКІ ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Nenko Yuliia 
Published: December 2019

Метою дослідження є представлення результатів теоретичного аналізу ефективних шляхів професійного саморозвитку та самовдосконалення вчителів англійської мови відповідно до нових освітніх стандартів. Ключовими методами дослідження є теоретичні методи аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення педагогічної та психологічної літератури.
У статті порушено проблему професійного розвитку учителя англійської мови .Розкрито трактування поняття «безперервний професійний розвиток», його характеристики. Автор доходить висновку, що процес професійного становлення та розвитку вчителів має набути ознак безперервності, наступності на різних його етапах, створювати передумови для задоволення як освітніх потреб особистості вчителя, так і соціального замовлення на якісну підготовку компетентного фахівця та сприяти побудові індивідуальної траєкторії професійного та особистісного самовдосконалення педагога. Проаналізовано теоретичні основи наявних провідних сучасних підходів до організації професійного саморозвитку педагогічних працівників, у тому числі вчителів англійської мови. Це розробка інноваційних моделей і програм підвищення кваліфікації, що відповідають цілісним вимогам до системи підвищення кваліфікації всіх рівнів педагогічних працівників, використання ціннісного потенціалу сучасних освітніх технологій, що обґрунтовує вибір нових підходів і методів іншомовної освіти, проведення науково-практичних заходів (конференцій, семінарів, вебінарів), залучення вчителів і молодих дослідників до публікації результатів власної дослідницької роботи тощо.
ORHAN PAMUK KURGUSALINDA CİNSİYET: KADIN, ERKEK, ÇOCUK KARAKTERLERİN KURGUDAKİ KULLANIM ORANI
Authors: YANARAY Sibel , ÇELİK Yakup 
Published: December 2019

Edebî
metinlerin temel yapısını yer, kişi, zaman, olay oluşturur. Bazı kurgularda bu
unsurların birkaçı bazı kurgularda ise hepsi belirleyici biçimde kullanılır.
Karakterler kurgunun ilerlemesinde ağırlıklı rol üstlenir. Okuyucu, karakterler
aracılığıyla metinde kendinden bir parça yakalar. Hayallerini, hayal
kırıklıklarını, beklentilerini, iç çatışmalarını, kısaca yaşantısını, yaşamak
istediklerini ya da istemediklerini görür. Başka bir deyişle kurmaca dünyada
kendini görür. Görme
eylemi aslında kişinin kurduğu bu empatiyle başlayacaktır. Kadın, erkek, çocuk
gibi kimlikler, romanlardaki yaşananlar üzerinden okuyucunun empati kurmasını,
zamanla ve karakterlerle özdeşleşme oranını artırmasını sağlar. Bu noktada
romanlardaki cinsiyet kullanımını ve bunların kullanım oranını değerlendirme
kararı aldık. Orhan Pamuk’un kurgusalında mesleklerle ilgili bir çalışma yaparken
Orhan Pamuk’un kurguya dayalı metinlerinde karakterleri mesleklerle
ilişkilendirerek değerlendirdiğini saptadık. Bunu saptarken yazarımızın
kurgusal metinlerinde cinsiyetin kullanım şeklini de inceleme ihtiyacı duyduk.
Çünkü onun bazı metinlerinde çocuk, hepsinde ise erkek ön plâna çıkmaktadır.
Karakterlerin izlek, çatışma, duygu ve duyu aktarımındaki yansımalarında
cinsiyetin belirli bir biçimde kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Karakterler içinde
bulundukları toplumda mesleklerle giydirilirken cinsiyetler de belirleyici
misyon yüklenmiştir. Kurgu bir dönemi anlatıyorsa ona göre kadının geride
olduğu erkeğin ön plâna çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir ki bu durum kurmaca için doğal
bir sonuçtur. Bazıları süreç romanıdır, buralarda kadın biraz da olsa
gözlemlenebilirken, çocuk karakterlerin sayısının artışı görülür. Erkekler tüm
kurgularda fazlaca kullanılmıştır. Tüm bu gözlemler sayısal veriler ile
belirlenip şablonlaştırıldı. Böylece yüzdelik dilimler içinde her bir
cinsiyetin de kullanım sıklığı değerlendirildi. Edebiyatın sosyolojiyle
ilişkisinin meslekler üzerinden somutlandığı Orhan Pamuk kurgusalında meslek,
karakter, cinsiyet ilişkisiyle kadının, erkeğin, çocuğun yeri, kullanım oranı
belirtilerek bir yazarın bakış açısıyla cinsiyet kavramının kurgusal evrende işlenişi
değerlendirilmiştir.
Penyesuaian Diri Siswa Melalui Layanan Konseling Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy di Sekolah
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed at improving the adaptation of class X students of MTA high schools who lived in the dormitory for the 2015/2016 academic year. This research was conducted in the even semester of the academic year 2015/2016 in SMA MTA Surakarta. The subjects of this study were the 10th grade students of SMA MTA Surakarta in 2015/2016, totaling 10 female students who lived in the dormitory. This research was a guidance and counseling action research consisting of 2 cycles. The steps in each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation and reflection. Data analysis was performed using comparative descriptive analysis which compared the level of student adjustment between cycles and with performance indicators, also conducted observations and interviews with qualitative descriptive analysis based on observations and reflections. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penyesuaian diri siswa kelas X SMA MTA yang tinggal di asrama tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 di SMA MTA Surakarta. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA MTA Surakarta Tahun 2015/2016, berjumlah 10 orang siswa putri yang tinggal di asrama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan bimbingan dan konseling yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Langkah-langkah dalam setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan (planning), pelaksanaan (action), observasi (observation) dan refleksi (reflection). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan tingkat penyesuaian diri siswa antar siklus maupun dengan indikator kinerja, juga dilakukan observasi maupun wawancara dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan refleksi.
THE USE OF SIMULATION METHODS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: M. G. Sergeeva , T. M. Stepanyan , B. A. Solovyov , D. V. Parinov , A. P. Ovchinnikov 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: A teacher of a vocational school should rationally use such teaching methods that would ensure the training of qualified personnel competitive in the labor market.
Methodology: Educational institutions to meet the requirements of the market economy in the provision of educational services should be guided by a generalized model of a competitive specialist. The technology of development of the model includes the formation of components of professional activity (analysis of professional activity, identification of basic labor functions and professional skills) and training.
Result: The assessment of theoretical professional training of students was carried out by testing with the use of PC in the main academic disciplines in two specialties. The assessment of theoretical professional training of students was based on the methodology proposed by A. A. Leonovich. Based on the assessment of knowledge in the five main academic disciplines, a generalized coefficient of theoretical training was calculated. Personal and business qualities necessary for a modern person in the conditions of market relations were evaluated by a number of psychological tests.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the use of simulation methods of vocational education is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
ФОСИЛИЗОВАНЕ ГРЕШКЕ У ПИСАНОЈ ПРОДУКЦИЈИ УЧЕНИКА ИТАЛИЈАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА (НИВО Б2)
Authors: Вујовић Марија Н. 
Published: December 2019

Фосилизација као феномен који се неминовно јавља у међујезику ученика током процеса учења циљног језика већ дуго је предмет студија у области учења другог или страног језика. Упркос томе што контрастивне студије на пољу италијанског језика[1] нису изосталe, истраживања спроведена у неколико последњих деценија била су више теоријског него емпиријског карактера. Стога је циљ овог рада био да кроз анализу грешака корпуса изнесе резултате емпиријског истраживања у намери да идентификује најчешће фосилизоване грешке ученика са нивоом знања Б2[2] италијанског језика, како би се број грешака током процеса учења редуковао, а настава језика побољшала креирањем дидактичког материјала намењеног посебно србофоним ученицима италијанског. Информанти су били двадесет четири ученика приватне школе страних језика у Београду чија је писана продукција анализирана после завршеног нивоа А2, а потом и после завршетка нивоа Б2, а онда њихове грешке упоређене. Резултати су показали да, упркос обуци од две године, изложености циљном језику, исправкама, додатним вежбањима и објашњењима у међујезику ученика перзистирају извесне грешке, иако се веровало да ће на овом нивоу знања (Б2)[3] бити искорењене.

[1] Видети: Terić 1996; Moderc 2005; Ceković 2007; Radojević 2014; Janićijević 2016.
[2] Ниво се одређује према Заједничком европском оквиру за живе језике: https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages/level-descriptions.
[3] Премда се по дефиницији (Selinker 1972) фосилизоване грешке сматрају онима које постоје у међујезику ученика на нивоу када се очекује да оне буду искорењене упркос изложености језику, вежбању, објашњењима професора или било којој другој врсти интервенције, при чему се не помиње прецизан временски период који је потребан да би се грешка сматрала фосилизованом, желели смо да ученицима дамо довољно времена (ниво Б1) да грешке типичне за ниво А2 искорене, па смо одлучили да истраживање спроведемо после нивоа Б2.
Abnormal Functional and Structural networks in Rectal Cancer with Depressive risk: A Graph Theory Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Zou Ying , Li Yuan , Fu Yu , Shi Jie , Huang Gang , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Surgery and chemotherapy can cause depressive risk in patients with rectal cancer (RC). However, few comprehensive studies are conducted on RC patients associated alterations induced by emotional disorders in the topological organization of structural and functional networks.
Methods: Resting-state functional MRI and Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 36 RC patients with surgery and chemotherapy and 32 healthy controls (HC). Functional network (FN) was constructed from extracting average time courses for 246 regions of interest (ROI) and structural network (SN) was established by deterministic tractography. Graph theoretical analysis was used to calculate small-worldness property, clustering coefficients, shortest path length and network efficiency. Additionally, we assess network resilient on FN and SN.
Results: Abnormal small-worldness property of FN and SN were found in RC patients. The FN and SN exhibited increased local efficiency and global efficiency respectively in RC patients.The increased nodal efficiency in RC patients were mainly found in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and limbic lobe for FN and SN, while the decreased nodal efficiency were distributed in subcortical nuclei, parietal lobe and limbic lobe only for SN. In network resilient analysis, the RC patients showed less resilient to targeted or random node deletion in both networks compared with HC. Moreover, FN is more robust than SN for all participants.
Conclusions: This study revealed that topological organizations of the FN and SN may be disrupted in RC patients. Brain network reorganization is a compensation mechanism to alleviate the depressive risk in RC patients after surgery and chemotherapy.
Cyanobacterial taxonomy, metabolism, and cyanophage association in dark and anoxic sediment
Authors: Broman Elias , Holmfeldt Karin , Bonaglia Stefano , Hall Per OJ , Nascimento Francisco JA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic ancient bacteria ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Even though they carry a photosynthesis apparatus they are known to survive in dark environments. Cyanophages are viruses that infect and lyse cyanobacterial cells, adding bioavailable carbon and nutrients into the environment. Here we present the first study that investigate the metabolic spectrum of cyanobacteria in dark and anoxic environments, as well as their associated cyanophages. We sampled surface sediments during April 2018 located along a water depth gradient of 60–210 m—representing oxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions—in the largest dead zone in the world. We combined metagenomic and total RNA sequencing to investigate cyanobacterial taxonomy, activity and their associated cyanophages. Results Cyanobacteria were detected at all four stations (n = 3 per station) along the sampled gradient, including the anoxic sediment. Top active genera in the anoxic sediment included Anabaena (19% RNA data), Synechococcus (16%), and Cyanobium (5%). The mRNA data showed that cyanobacteria were surviving through i) anaerobic carbon metabolism indicated by glycolysis plus fatty acid biosynthesis, and ii) nitrogen (N2) fixation (likely by heterocystous Anabaena). Interestingly, cyanobacteria were also actively transcribing photosynthesis, phytochromes, and gas vesicle genes. Cyanophages were also detected at all stations, and compared to the oxic sediment had a different beta diversity in the hypoxic-anoxic sediment. Moreover, our results show that these cyanophages infect cyanobacteria affecting the photosystem and phosphate regulation of cyanobacteria. Conclusions Cyanobacteria were found to transcribe genes for photosynthesis, phytochromes, and gas vesicles and this suggests that cyanobacteria are trying to ascend to the surface waters. The difference in cyanophage beta diversity between oxic and hypoxic-anoxic sediment suggests that anaerobic cyanobacteria select for specific cyanophages. Cyanobacteria are known to fuel oxygen depleted benthic ecosystems with phosphorous (so called internal loading), and our study suggests that cyanophage-controlled lysis of cyanobacteria likely provides a source of nitrogen. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are commonly thought to have been essential in the great oxygenation event on Earth ca. 2.4 billion years ago. Our results suggest that active cyanobacteria might also provide nutrients (via N2 fixation and viral lysis) in dark and anoxic environments.
MRI-guided Thrombolysis for Lenticulostriate Artery Stroke within 12 Hours after the Onset of Symptoms
Authors: zhang jianying , Bai Qingke , Zhao Zhenguo , Mao Yiting , Dong Qiang , Cao Wenjie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and purpose: We sought to analyze the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided thrombolysis in patients with lenticulostriate artery stroke (LSAS) within 12 hours after onset of symptoms. Methods: LSAS patients identified on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) within 12h after onset of symptoms were assigned to receive intravenous alteplase (iv-tPA). DWI/ T2-weighte imaging (T2WI) mismatch -/+ was defined as an acute ischemic lesion on DWI with/without a corresponding lesion on T2WI in the territory of lenticulostriate artery. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score <2 at 90 days. Baseline demographic data and medical history were compared between outcomes. Results: There were 160 LSAS patients received iv-tPA (104 within 4.5h) in 2008-2018 who had MRI data before treatment. DWI/T2WI-mismatch was detected in 73.1% (117/160) of patients. Lower admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly associated with 90d mRS<2 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95%CI 0.88-0.99, p=0.026]. In overall patients, whether they received iv-tPA within 4.5h or not and whether they had DWI/T2WI-mismatch or not did not significantly impact the outcome. In DWI/T2WI-mismatch (+) group, hypertension negatively associated with favorable outcome (adjusted OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.59, p=0.007). In DWI/T2WI-mismatch (-) group, iv-tPA within 4.5h was an independent predictor of 90d mRS<2 (adjusted OR 7.38, 95% CI 1.25-43.48, p=0.027).Conclusion: MRI-guided iv-tPA within 12h is safe and effective for LSAS patients. Hypertension and higher admission SBP are associated with poor outcome. In patients who have no DWI/T2WI-mismatch, iv-tPA within 4.5h independently predicts favorable outcome.