bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon polyp detection using linked color imaging compared to white light imaging: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasutoshi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: December 2019

Background and AimLinked color imaging (LCI) is a novel image‐enhancing technology which enhances color differences between a colorectal lesion and surrounding mucosa with enough brightness to illuminate the wide colorectal lumen. The aim of this study is to compare colorectal polyp detection using LCI with that using white light imaging (WLI).MethodsRandomized controlled trials and prospective studies comparing LCI with WLI for colorectal polyp detection were selected. Outcomes included overall polyp/adenoma detection and additional polyp detection at a second observation. Outcomes were documented by pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Mantel‐Haenszel random effect model.ResultsSeven studies were included. LCI showed significant superiority for polyp and adenoma detection compared with WLI (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.25, P < 0.001 for polyp detection; RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.39 P < 0.001 for adenoma detection). LCI significantly increased the number of polyps detected per patient compared with WLI (mean difference 0.27, 95% CI 0.01–0.53, P = 0.040). LCI significantly increased the number of adenomas detected per patient compared with WLI (mean difference 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.36, P = 0.002). LCI significantly increased the number of flat polyps detected per patient compared with WLI (mean difference 0.14, 95% CI 0.01–0.27, P = 0.040). LCI had a significantly higher rate of additional polyp detection compared with WLI in the right colon (RR 2.68, 95% CI 1.71–4.19, P < 0.001).ConclusionsLinked color imaging has significantly greater polyp and adenoma detection rates and detection rate of previously missed polyps compared with WLI. We recommend the initial use of LCI for routine colonoscopy.
Atherosclerosis: Beyond the lipid storage hypothesis. The role of autoimmunity
Authors: Cinoku Ilir I. , Mavragani Clio P. , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis has long been considered as a lipid storage disease. Recent data suggest that autoimmune mechanisms seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The presence of activated endothelial vascular cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T and to a lesser extent B cells in atherosclerotic plaques, together with the proinflammatory cytokine burden suggest mobilization of both innate and adaptive immune pathways in atherosclerosis pathobiology. The development of antibodies to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), the experimental induction of atherosclerosis either via the transfer of T cells or immunization with autoantigens such as β2 glycoprotein Ι (β2‐GPI) and heat shock proteins (HSP) further support the autoimmune nature of atherosclerosis. However, classical immunosuppressive and immune‐modulatory drugs, successfully used in the therapy of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have shown limited benefits so far in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
A classification framework for Bacillus anthracis defined by global genomic structure
Authors: Bruce Spencer A. , Schiraldi Nicholas J. , Kamath Pauline L. , Easterday W. Ryan , Turner Wendy C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a considerable global health threat affecting wildlife, livestock, and the general public. In this study, whole‐genome sequence analysis of over 350 B. anthracis isolates was used to establish a new high‐resolution global genotyping framework that is both biogeographically informative and compatible with multiple genomic assays. The data presented in this study shed new light on the diverse global dissemination of this species and indicate that many lineages may be uniquely suited to the geographic regions in which they are found. In addition, we demonstrate that plasmid genomic structure for this species is largely consistent with chromosomal population structure, suggesting vertical inheritance in this bacterium has contributed to its evolutionary persistence. This classification methodology is the first based on population genomic structure for this species and has potential use for local and broader institutions seeking to understand both disease outbreak origins and recent introductions. In addition, we provide access to a newly developed genotyping script as well as the full whole‐genome sequence analyses output for this study, allowing future studies to rapidly employ and append their data in the context of this global collection. This framework may act as a powerful tool for public health agencies, wildlife disease laboratories, and researchers seeking to utilize and expand this classification scheme for further investigations into B. anthracis evolution.
Springtail phylogeography highlights biosecurity risks of repeated invasions and intraregional transfers among remote islands
Authors: Baird Helena P. , Moon Katherine L. , Janion‐Scheepers Charlene , Chown Steven L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman‐mediated transport of species outside their natural range is a rapidly growing threat to biodiversity, particularly for island ecosystems that have evolved in isolation. The genetic structure underpinning island populations will largely determine their response to increased transport and thus help to inform biosecurity management. However, this information is severely lacking for some groups, such as the soil fauna. We therefore analysed the phylogeographic structure of an indigenous and an invasive springtail species (Collembola: Poduromorpha), each distributed across multiple remote sub‐Antarctic islands, where human activity is currently intensifying. For both species, we generated a genome‐wide SNP data set and additionally analysed all available COI barcodes. Genetic differentiation in the indigenous springtail Tullbergia bisetosa is substantial among (and, to a lesser degree, within) islands, reflecting low dispersal and historic population fragmentation, while COI patterns reveal ancestral signatures of postglacial recolonization. This pronounced geographic structure demonstrates the key role of allopatric divergence in shaping the region's diversity and highlights the vulnerability of indigenous populations to genetic homogenization via human transport. For the invasive species Hypogastrura viatica, nuclear genetic structure is much less apparent, particularly for islands linked by regular shipping, while diverged COI haplotypes indicate multiple independent introductions to each island. Thus, human transport has likely facilitated this species’ persistence since its initial colonization, through the ongoing introduction and inter‐island spread of genetic variation. These findings highlight the different evolutionary consequences of human transport for indigenous and invasive soil species. Crucially, both outcomes demonstrate the need for improved intraregional biosecurity among remote island systems, where the policy focus to date has been on external introductions.
Comparing GLM, GLMM, and GEE modeling approaches for catch rates of bycatch species: A case study of blue shark fisheries in the South Atlantic
Authors: Coelho Rui , Infante Paulo , Santos Miguel N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModeling and understanding the catch rate dynamics of marine species is extremely important for fisheries management and conservation. For oceanic highly migratory species in particular, usually only fishery‐dependent data are available which have limitations in the assumption of independence and if often zero‐inflated and/or overdispersed. We tested different modeling approaches applied to the case study of blue shark in the South Atlantic, by using generalized linear models (GLMs), generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), and generalized estimating equations (GEEs), as well as different error distributions to deal with the presence of zeros in the data. We used fractional polynomials to deal with non‐linearity in some of the explanatory variables. Operational (set level) data collected by onboard fishery observers, covering 762 longline sets (1,014,527 hooks) over a 9‐year period (2008–2016), were used. One of the most important variables affecting catch rates is leader material, with increasing catches when wire leaders are used. Spatial and seasonal variables are also important, with higher catch rates expected toward temperate southern waters and eastern longitudes, particularly between July and September. Environmental variables, especially SST, also affect catches. There were no major differences in the parameters estimated with GLMs, GLMMs, or GEEs; however, the use of GLMMs or GEEs should be more appropriate due to fishery dependence in the data. Comparing those two approaches, GLMMs seem to perform better in terms of goodness‐of‐fit and model validation.
Biomass increases attributed to both faster tree growth and altered allometric relationships under long‐term carbon dioxide enrichment at a temperate forest
Authors: Kim Dohyoung , Medvigy David , Maier Chris A. , Johnsen Kurt , Palmroth Sari 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIncreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are expected to lead to increases in the rate of tree biomass accumulation, at least temporarily. On the one hand, trees may simply grow faster under higher CO2concentrations, preserving the allometric relations that prevailed under lower CO2concentrations. Alternatively, the allometric relations themselves may change. In this study, the effects of elevated CO2(eCO2) on tree biomass and allometric relations were jointly assessed. Over 100 trees, grown at Duke Forest, NC, USA, were harvested from eight plots. Half of the plots had been subjected to CO2enrichment from 1996 to 2010. Several subplots had also been subjected to nitrogen fertilization from 2005 to 2010. Allometric equations were developed to predict tree height, stem volume, and aboveground biomass components for loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.), the dominant tree species, and broad‐leaved species. Using the same diameter‐based allometric equations for biomass, it was estimated that plots with eCO2contained 21% more aboveground biomass, consistent with previous studies. However, eCO2significantly affected allometry, and these changes had an additional effect on biomass. In particular,P. taedatrees at a given diameter were observed to be taller under eCO2than under ambient CO2due to changes in both the allometric scaling exponent and intercept. Accounting for allometric change increased the treatment effect of eCO2on aboveground biomass from a 21% to a 27% increase. No allometric changes for the nondominant broad‐leaved species were identified, nor were allometric changes associated with nitrogen fertilization. ForP. taeda, it is concluded that eCO2affects allometries, and that knowledge of allometry changes is necessary to accurately compute biomass under eCO2. Further observations are needed to determine whether this assessment holds for other taxa.
The association of thinking styles with research agendas among academics in the social sciences
Authors: Santos João M. , Horta Hugo , Zhang Li‐fang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch agendas are understudied, despite being key to academic knowledge creation. The literature suggests that the ways that academics determine their research agendas are conditioned by individual, organisational and environmental characteristics. This study explores the cognitive aspects of academics' research agendas in the social sciences by using a theory on thinking styles as an analytical framework. The results suggest that the research agendas of academics in the social sciences are significantly associated with their thinking styles. These findings aid understanding of how academics set their research agendas. This study also represents an important landmark in research on thinking styles, focusing on academic research work as a potential venue for further studies. The findings are relevant for policymakers, research funding agencies, university administrators and academics because they have implications for academic research development processes, outcomes, and for research and academic identity socialisation during doctoral studies.
Living with epidermolysis bullosa: Daily challenges and health‐care needs
Authors: Kearney Sandra , Donohoe Ann , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground & ObjectiveEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the term used for a group of genetic skin fragility disorders. For those living with EB, pain represents a constant challenge, with blistering and tasks such as changing dressings, adding to the distress. This paper focuses on describing and exploring the health‐care needs of children, adults and families who are affected by EB. The specific aim of the paper is to identify the needs of the EB population with a view towards informing the development of a community liaison service to support adults living with EB and the parents/carers of children living with EB.Setting and ParticipantsInterviews with six adults and the parents of eight children with EB were conducted. The data were analysed thematically. All participants were resident on the island of Ireland and are therefore reflecting on services in this geographic region.ResultsParticipants’ needs were grouped into five themes: support managing physical health‐care issues; access to community/home‐based services; EB‐specific information and psychosocial support; effective interaction with health‐care professionals; and advice regarding benefits and entitlements.Discussion and ConclusionsThis article represents the health‐care needs and preferences of a broad spectrum of those with EB, highlighting the need for a comprehensive service regardless of the severity of the condition.
Synthesis and characterization of sol gel derived nontoxic CZTS thin films without sulfurization
Authors: Amrit Pratyay , Jain Surbhi , Tomar Monika , Gupta Vinay , Joshi Bhawana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, great attention has been paid to the development of earth rich and nonhazardous Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS–Cu2ZnSnS4) thin films for application in photovoltaic devices owing to its high absorption coefficient over the visible and infrared region. However, sulfurization process is an indispensable step in growing stoichiometric thin film using conventional physical vapor deposition. Hence, it is imperative to devise a liquid based technique without intentional sulfurization for the optimum quality growth of CZTS thin films. In the current work, layer‐by‐layer sol‐gel deposition technique was utilized to grow high quality CZTS thin films without sulfurization and their structural and optical characteristics were investigated using XRD studies and UV‐visible spectroscopy respectively. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared CZTS films are estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis respectively. Highly absorbing and crystalline CZTS films have been successfully grown in the present work which could be further utilized as an absorber layer in photovoltaic applications.
Infants’ reasoning about samples generated by intentional versus non‐intentional agents
Authors: Attisano Elizabeth , Denison Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current experiments investigate how infants use goal‐directed action to reason about intentionally sampled outcomes in a probabilistic inference paradigm. Older infants and young children are flexible in their expectations of sampling: They expect random samples to reflect population statistics and non‐random samples to reflect an agent's preferences or goals (Kushnir, Xu, & Wellman, 2010; Xu & Denison, 2009). However, more recent work shows that probabilistic inference comes online at approximately 6 months (Denison, Reed, & Xu, 2013; Kayhan, Gredebäck, & Lindskog, 2017; Ma & Xu, 2011; Wellman, Kushnir, Xu, & Brink, 2016), and thus, these sampling assumptions can be investigated at the age probabilistic reasoning first emerges. Results indicate that 6‐month‐old infants expect a human agent to sample in accord with their goal and do not expect the same of an unintentional agent—a mechanical claw. By 9.5 months, infants expect the mechanical claw to sample in accord with random sampling. These results suggest that infants use goals to make inferences about intentional sampling, under appropriate conditions at 6 months, and they have expectations of the kinds of samples a mechanical device should obtain by 9.5 months.
Influence of grain interior and grain boundaries on transport properties of scandium‐doped calcium zirconate
Authors: Ding Yushi , Li Ying , Huang Wenlong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCalcium zirconate‐based protonic conductors are currently the most promising electrolyte for high‐temperature hydrogen sensors, however, protonic conductors exhibit mixed protons, oxygen vacancies and electron‐holes conduction above 700°C, and the protons transport number is significantly influenced by the atmosphere. Therefore, the relationship between protons transport number and oxygen/water vapor partial pressure should be established to improve the veracity of the hydrogen sensor. Herein, CaZr0.9Sc0.1O3‐α perovskite oxides are prepared and the influence of grain interior and grain boundaries on transport properties is systematically investigated by using with defect chemistry theory. And the relationship between protons transport number and oxygen/water vapor partial pressure should be obtained. The results indicate that the dominant conduction carriers of CaZr0.9Sc0.1O3‐α were protons in Ar and reductive atmospheres at 500°C‐800°C, and the conductivity () and transport number () of holes are remarkably increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. In addition, protons, oxygen vacancies and electron‐holes transport properties of grain interior and grain boundaries in scandium‐doped calcium zirconate reveal that grains can effectively block oxygen vacancies transport at 550°C‐800°C, but grains cannot block the holes transport. Therefore, the oxygen vacancies trend to transport through grain boundaries.
Real‐world outcomes of ventricular tachycardia catheter ablation with versus without intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Field Michael E. , Gold Michael R. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Goldstein Laura , Lee Stephanie Hsiao Yu , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Coplan Paul , Wong Charlene , Khanna Rahul , Winterfield Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionBy providing real‐time monitoring of catheter‐tissue interface and for complications, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) during catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) may improve outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we compared 12‐month readmission rates (all‐cause, cardiovascular [CV]‐related, and VT‐related), repeat ablation, and complications among patients with VT with structural heart disease undergoing ablation with versus without ICE.Methods and resultsUsing the 2008‐2017 IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases, patients with a history of implantable cardioverter defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy (ICD/CRT‐D) who underwent VT ablation with and without ICE use were identified. Propensity matching was performed and regression analysis was used to compare outcomes. After matching, 1324 patients were identified (ICE: 662; non‐ICE: 662). The rate of 12‐month VT‐related readmission (18.13% vs 22.51%; P < .05) and repeat VT ablation (14.35% vs 19.34%; P = .02) postindex discharge were lower among patients in the ICE group compared with the non‐ICE group, with a 24% lower risk of 12‐month VT‐related readmission (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.99) and a 30% lower risk of repeat ablation (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.93) vs non‐ICE group. The 12‐month all‐cause (44.56% vs 43.20%; P = .62) and CV‐related readmissions (35.20% vs 32.93%; P = 0.38) and complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsVT ablation using ICE was associated with a lower likelihood of 12‐month VT‐related readmission and repeat ablation compared with non‐ICE patients.
Clinical and patient‐centred long‐term results of root coverage using the envelope technique in a private practice setting: 10‐year results—A case series
Authors: Petsos Hari , Eickholz Peter , Raetzke Peter , Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina , Hansmeier Ulrich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimEvaluation of long‐term results after connective tissue graft (CTG) using the envelope technique and the effect on patient‐centred outcomes (Oral Health Impact Profile: OHIP) in a private practice setting.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients (11 female, mean age: 45.0 ± 8.88 years) underwent root coverage procedure using a CTG involving maxillary Miller class I teeth. Pre‐operatively, 3 and 120 ± 12 months after surgery, all patients were examined, completed OHIP questionnaire, and were asked to assess improvement and their satisfaction with the results of surgery. All procedures were performed by the same investigator.ResultsRecession depth at 3 months of 1.19 ± 0.93 mm was reduced to that of 0.63 ± 0.64 mm at 120 ± 12 months after surgery (p = .117). Recession width (−1.23 ± 2.27 mm) decreased as well (p = .117), while relative root coverage increased from 48.46 ± 32.18% at 3 months to 71.22 ± 30.86% at 120 months (p = .011). The number of cases with complete root coverage increased from two (15.4%) to six (40.0%) from 3 to 120 months (p = .046). OHIP score (12.07 ± 10.15) did not change after 10 years (12.13 ± 9.86, p = .889). Ten years after surgery, 12 patients (80%) reported they would make the decision again to undergo CTG transplantation.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study design with a high risk of bias in a practice setting, long‐term stability of recession reduction, OHIP and patient‐perceived satisfaction remained stable over 10 years.
Relationship between metformin use and vitamin B12 status in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Sugawara Kenji , Okada Yuko , Hirota Yushi , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionMetformin therapy has been associated with vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency, but information regarding this adverse effect in Asian populations is limited. We have now examined the relationship between metformin use and VB12 status in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated (Met group, n = 122) or not treated (control group, n = 63) with metformin. The primary end‐point was the difference in the serum concentration of homocysteine, a marker of VB12 activity, between the two groups. The serum concentrations of VB12, blood hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume were also compared between the groups. Subset analysis was carried out with individuals aged ≥70 years. The potential correlation between the daily dose or duration of metformin treatment and the other measured parameters was also examined.ResultsThe level of homocysteine, as well as the VB12 level, hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume, did not differ significantly between the control and treated with metformin groups. The level of homocysteine was positively and that of VB12 negatively correlated with the daily dose of metformin. Among elderly individuals, the hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the treated with metformin group than in the control group, although the mean corpuscular volume was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsThe risk of VB12 deficiency during metformin treatment appears to be low in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, high doses of metformin might result in a moderate decrease in the circulating VB12 level, as well as in anemia in elderly individuals.