bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health consequences of short- and long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Weiss N S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some women take an estrogen preparation for as long as several years to ease symptoms of the menopause. Such women appear to have little or no alteration in their risk of endometrial cancer, especially if they are also taking a progestogen, and no alteration in their risk of breast cancer. Similarly, the incidence of fractures is unaffected by relatively short-term hormone use. The risk of ischemic heart disease also is reduced among women who currently take estrogens (with or without a progestogen), but the influence of duration of use on this association is uncertain. Postmenopausal women who take estrogens for an extended period of time (e.g., a decade or more) incur a sharply increased risk of cancer of the endometrium. This is largely abated by use of a progestogen for at least 10 days per month. Such long-term estrogen use, whether accompanied by a progestogen or not, may increase the risk of breast cancer slightly, but this is an area of great controversy, at present unresolved. The incidence of both myocardial infarction and fracture is substantially reduced in long-term users of menopausal hormones.
Multiplex, fluorescent, solid-phase minisequencing for efficient screening of DNA sequence variation
Authors: Pastinen T , Partanen J , Syvänen A C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We developed a multiplex, solid-phase minisequencing method to detect multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an undivided sample. The amplified DNA templates are first captured on a manifold. Then, with multiple minisequencing primers of various sizes, single-nucleotide extension reactions are carried out simultaneously with fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides. The size of the extended product, determined by using a DNA sequencing instrument, defines the site of the polymorphisms, and the incorporated nucleotide gives the identity of the nucleotide at each site. HLA-DQA1 typing was used as a model system to evaluate the method. The DR2 subgroup of the HLA-DRB1 gene was typed along with the DQA1 gene to demonstrate the feasibility of the method in analyzing multiple genes at multiple sites simultaneously. The method is generally applicable for screening any single-nucleotide polymorphisms or point mutations, and its manifold format allows practical handling of large numbers of samples.
Determination of serum and urinary aluminum by HPLC with fluorometric detection of Al-lumogallion complex
Authors: Lee B L , Chua L H , Ong H Y , Yang H G , Wu J , Ong C N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a simple and sensitive HPLC method for quantifying aluminum (Al) in biological fluids by measuring the fluorescence of the Al-lumogallion complex (excitation wavelength 500 nm, emission wavelength 575 nm). Serum samples are deproteinized with 0.83 mol/L perchloric acid and centrifuged; the supernates are mixed with lumogallion reagent. Urine samples are pretreated with sodium hydroxide (2 mol/L) and methanol, kept for 1 h at -20 degrees C, and then centrifuged; the precipitate is resuspended in perchloric acid and mixed with lumogallion reagent, as for serum. The maximal fluorescence complex is formed after 1 h at pH 5 +/- 0.5. The HPLC mobile phase consists of (per liter) 100 mL, of 0.2 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate, 220 mL of acetonitrile, and distilled deionized water. The flow rate is 1 mL/min, and the injection volume is 5 microliters. The major aluminum species is eluted at 3.5 min, the lowest detection limit being 0.45 pg. We validated the method with samples collected from normal subjects and from workers occupationally exposed to aluminum. Comparing the results with those by traditional atomic absorption spectrometry of urinary aluminum suggests that the proposed method is reliable.
Interference of soluble TNF-alpha receptors in immunological detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Authors: Moreau E , Philippé J , Couvent S , Leroux-Roels G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have studied the interference of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor p55 (sTNF-R55) on the quantification of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in three immunoassays: the commercially available enzyme amplified-sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) of Medgenix and the ELISA of Boehringer Mannheim, and an assay based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology. TNF-alpha measurements by EASIA and ELISA were not affected by the presence of sTNF-R55, but results by the ECL method were clearly influenced by the receptor. We then performed a second set of experiments with the ECL system to examine what factors might influence the importance of interference from sTNF-R55 and soluble TNF-alpha receptor p75 (sTNF-R75), which influences TNF-alpha measurements the same as sTNF-R55. We found that extending the incubation time and increasing the concentration of capture antibody decreased the interfering capacity of sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75. A clear insight into these phenomena is of utmost importance for correct interpretation of cytokine quantification.
Hormonal and genetic analysis of a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Summers R H , Herold D A , Seely B L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a patient with signs and symptoms of virilization caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The patient, a Hispanic woman, first sought medical attention at age 24, when she presented to a medical clinic with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. At that time several signs of virilization were noted and she was referred to the endocrinology clinic. Evaluation revealed temporal balding, hyperpigmentation, acne, absent breast development, a muscular habitus, and clitoromegaly. Radiological studies revealed bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands and ovaries. Laboratory evaluation revealed markedly increased concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. The patient was diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and received hormone therapy. In her sister, encouraged to undergo testing for this autosomal recessive disorder, HLA testing demonstrated that certain haplotypes in this family were associated with CAH. The case highlights key steps in the laboratory diagnosis and genetics of CAH.
Two different approaches for developing immunometric assays of haptens
Authors: Grassi J , Créminon C , Frobert Y , Etienne E , Ezan E , Volland H , Pradelles P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To improve immunoassays of small haptens, we developed two different approaches for their measurement in a non-competitive format. We first devised two-site immunometric assays for small peptides (8-11 amino acids) by selecting two sets of antibodies specifically directed against C- and N-terminal moieties of the peptides. In each case, assay sensitivity improved substantially over that of the corresponding competitive assays. More interestingly, all of these new immunometric assays were much more specific than the competitive assays. In a second approach, we developed a new procedure, solid-phase-immobilized epitope immunoassay (SPIE-IA), in which a single monoclonal antibody uses the same epitope for capture and tracer binding and the hapten is covalently cross-linked to solid-phase proteins. To date, SPIE-IA have been successfully applied to the determination of haptens bearing primary amino groups, including substance P, thyroxine, leukotriene C4, endothelin, and angiotensin II. In each case, assay sensitivity was significantly improved.
Thrombus precursor protein (TpP): marker of thrombosis early in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction
Authors: Carville D G , Dimitrijevic N , Walsh M , Digirolamo T , Brill E M , Drew N , Gargan P E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay for quantifying the immediate precursor proteins to intravascular thrombi. This thrombus precursor protein (TpP) assay identifies active thrombosis in several clinical conditions, including early myocardial infarction (MI). In a study of patients recruited for the GUSTO intervention study, MI patients had concentrations of TpP 4-20-fold that of controls; patients diagnosed without MI had concentrations similar to the control subjects. In a separate study of subjects presenting at the emergency room with chest pain, MI patients who presented early after the onset of chest pain had TpP concentrations significantly (P &lt;0.01) higher than controls. Patients presenting late or diagnosed with other chest pain had concentrations within the reference range. The potential utility of the TpP assay as an aid for the diagnosis of thrombotic MI and other thrombotic conditions is described.
Chemiluminescence: sensitive detection technology for reporter gene assays
Authors: Bronstein I , Martin C S , Fortin J J , Olesen C E , Voyta J C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A series of enzyme-activated chemiluminescence-based assays of reporter gene expression, useful in many biomedical applications, has been developed. The chemiluminescence detection systems for beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase (GUS), and secreted placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter enzymes are all based on use of 1,2-dioxetane substrates. This detection technology also permits the combined luminescence detection of two different reporter enzymes in the same tube, e.g., a dual assay for beta-galactosidase and luciferase. The sensitivity of these chemiluminescence assays is several orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional colorimetric or fluorometric detection methods; e.g., the detection limit for beta-galactosidase by the chemiluminescence assay is 8 fg and by a fluorometric assay is 2 pg. Furthermore, chemiluminescence enables detection of beta-galactosidase, GUS, and SEAP enzyme concentrations over a dynamic range of more than five to six orders in magnitude. These assays offer highly sensitive, quantitative, rapid, nonisotopic detection of reporter enzymes that are widely used in both mammalian cells and plant cells.
ISO 9001 benefits and pitfalls: the path to successful certification
Authors: Krause M S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The lifeblood of a business is developing and commercializing new products with minimum cost and time and maximum quality. Implementation of a quality management system is often used to achieve these goals, and the ISO 9001 standard for a business quality system is rapidly becoming the model of choice. The existence of an ISO-compliant system is a key to meeting the forthcoming regulatory requirements in the European Union and the US Food and Drug Administrations's proposed good management practices. DuPont has demonstrated leadership in the achievement of ISO registration. I describe the path to these successful registrations along with key lessons from the experience. Elements of success are management commitment, adequate resources, education, communication, total organizational involvement, and auditing of system performance. For the system to flourish and provide benefits to the users, sufficient time must be allocated for the organization to change.
The burgeoning role of global health diplomacy to alleviate suffering of cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Adomako Melissa , Kamiar Alaei , Alshaikh Abdulla , Baines Lyndsay S , Benson Desiree , Bettcher Douglas W , Cheema Baljit , Corijn Lex , Fountain Evan , Gdaniec Bartosz G , Garonzik Elan , Harney Mary , Jindal Rahul M , Jones Kate , Kerr David , Mehjabeen Deena , Vahid Nick P , Okonetuk Emem , Pompeu Nathalia , Skosana Bongekile , Tan Soo , Thokwane Karabo , Welzel Tyson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The science of global health diplomacy (GHD) consists of cross-disciplinary, multistakeholder credentials comprised of national security, public health, international affairs, management, law, economics and trade policy. GHD is well placed to bring about better and improved multilateral stakeholder leverage and outcomes in the prevention and control of cancer. It is important to create an evidence base that provides clear and specific guidance for health practitioners in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through involvement of all stakeholders. GHD can assist LMICs to negotiate across multilateral stakeholders to integrate prevention, treatment and palliative care of cancer into their commercial and trade policies.
Validated Stability Indicating Chromatographic Methods for Quantification of Imidocarb Dipropionate; Application for the Determination of Its Residues in Bovine Meat and Milk Samples
Authors: Sedik Ghada AbdElHamid , Naguib Doha Mohamed , Morsy Fahima , Zaazaa Hala Elsayed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Imidocarb dipropionate (IMD) is an immunomodulator agent commonly used for treatment of anaplasmosis in cattle.

Objective
Thus, two sensitive, specific, and precise stability-indicating chromatographic methods have been developed, optimized, and validated for its determination in presence of its acid, alkaline, and oxidative stressed degradation products.

Method
The first method is based on separation of IMD and its forced induced degradation products on reversed phase cyano column using isocratic elution system consisted of sodium acetate buffer–methanol–acetonitrile (55: 30:15, v/v/v), pH 4.6 at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and UV detection at 254 nm. The second method utilized TLC combined with densitometric determination of the separated bands at 254 nm. The separation was achieved using silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates with a mixture of ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia–water (8.5:1:0.5:0.2, v/v/v/v) as a developing system.

Results
HPLC analysis was applied in range of 0.25–40 µg/mL with LOD of 0.073 µg/mL. While densitometric measurements showed linearity in the range of 0.1–1.8 µg/band with LOD of 0.02 µg/band.

Conclusions
The suggested methods were validated in compliance with the ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for determination of IMD in its commercial veterinary formulations with good recoveries. Furthermore, the proposed HPLC method was extended to the determination of IMD residues in bovine meat and milk samples

Highlights
Bovine meat, HPLC, Imidocarb dipropionate, Milk, TLC.
Intradermal rabies pre-exposure vaccination schedules in older travellers: comparison of immunogenicity post-primary course and post-booster
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Ramsey Lani , Manson Melanie , Gilbert Brian , Lau Colleen L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Intradermal (ID) rabies vaccination for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has become increasingly popular; however, there is limited evidence about the effectiveness of different ID PrEP schedules in travellers aged &gt; 50 years or their response to ID boosters. This study aimed to compare across different ID vaccine schedules and age groups the proportion of travellers who were seropositive after (i) primary course of ID PrEP and (ii) a booster.

Methods
Travellers who received ID PrEP at a travel medicine clinic in South Australia from 2000 to 2016 were included. Three schedules were examined: 1IDx3 (1 × 0.1 ml on days 0, 7, 21–28), 2IDx2 (2 × 0.1 ml on days 0, 7) and 4IDx1 (4x0.1 ml on day 0). The 4IDx1 is a non-standard schedule that has been previously explored in research settings, but not endorsed by WHO for PrEP. Antibody titres of ≥0.5 IU/ml were considered seropositive. The proportion seropositive after a primary course or post-booster was estimated for each schedule and age category. Predictors of seronegative status after a primary course were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Overall, 835 travellers (median age 37.5 years; 37.1% &gt; 50 years) were included in the analyses of seropositivity after a primary course. Another group of 771 travellers (median age 45.9 years; 43.5% &gt; 50 years) was included in the analyses of seropositivity post-booster. The proportion seropositive after primary course was 92.5% (95%CI: 90.5–94.1%) and highest with the 1IDx3 schedule (93.4%; 95%CI: 91.4–95.0%). After adjusting for age and timing of the serology, the odds of seronegative status were four times higher (OR 4.17; 95%CI: 1.43–12.18) with the 4IDx1 schedule compared to 1IDx3. Overall, 98.7% (95%CI: 97.6–99.3%) were seropositive post-booster. Of 46 travellers who received a booster ≥3 years after PrEP, all were seropositive post-booster.

Conclusions
In older travellers, the 1IDx3 schedule was the most effective, and a high proportion were seropositive post-booster even many years after a primary course.
Transcription Factor ZNF326 Upregulates the Expression of ERCC1 and HDAC7 and its Clinicopathologic Significance in Glioma
Authors: Wang Minghao , Han Qiang , Su Zhe , Yu Xinmiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Previous reports that we have coauthored have shown that transcription factor ZNF326 can upregulate the expression of ERCC1 and HDAC7, and downregulate the expression of LTBP4 and ZNF383 in lung-cancer cells. However, whether tissue-specificity of the ZNF326 function exists in glioma tissue remains unclear. In this study, overexpression or knockdown of ZNF326 in glioma cells caused upregulation or downregulation, respectively, of the protein and micro RNA (mRNA) levels of ERCC1 and HDAC7. The levels of LTBP4 and ZNF383 were not significantly changed. Immunohistochemical results showed that ZNF326 was not only highly expressed in glioma but was also positively correlated with the expression of ERCC1 and HDAC7. Moreover, the expression of ERCC1 and HDAC7 was enhanced with the increase in tumor grade. However, there was no correlation between ZNF326 and the expression of LTBP4 and ZNF383. Therefore, the detection of ZNF326, ERCC1, and HDAC7 expressions was useful for identifying different grades of glioma.
Lung Cancer Screening at a Military Treatment Facility: A Retrospective Review
Authors: White Lindsey J , Kaur Antarpreet , Lapel Raechel T , E Boswell Gilbert , Luceri Robert E , Parrish John Scott , Seda Gilbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women, accounting for more fatalities than colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Smoking causes about 85% of all lung cancers in the United States and is the single greatest risk factor. In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published initial guidelines for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening (LCS) among patients 55–80 years old, with a 30-pack-year history, who are current smokers or who quit within the previous 15 years. Smoking prevalence is higher among military personnel compared to the civilian population, demonstrating a need for vigilant screening.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of Naval Medical Center San Diego’s (NMCSD) LCS data was conducted to examine screening numbers, lung cancer rates, and initial analysis of screening results. Patients were referred for screening if they met the USPSTF criteria. Between September 2013 and September 2018, 962 patients underwent LCS. A total of 1758 examinations were performed, including follow-up and annual surveillance examinations. The American College of Radiology’s Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) was used to classify lung nodules’ risk for malignancy.ResultsOn this initial analysis, 42 enrolled patients received the diagnosis of lung cancer detected by screening. The initial calculated lung cancer rate is 4.4% (42/962) over the 5-year reporting period. The lung cancer rate among those patients with a Lung-RADS score of 3 or 4 was 31% (42/135). Thirty-seven patients were classified as having non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while five were classified as having small cell lung cancer. Of the 37 NSCLC patients, 76% (28/37) were diagnosed at stage I and II, 11% (4/37) were diagnosed at stage III, and 13% (5/37) were diagnosed at stage IV. The total number of years a person smoked was a significant risk factor (P = 0.004), but not pack-years a person smoked (P = 0.052).ConclusionsThese preliminary results demonstrate the success of a Military Treatment Facility (MTF)-based LCS Program in the detection of early stage lung cancer. Earlier stage detection may result in better health outcomes for affected patients. In the population studied, duration of smoking proved to be more significant than pack-years in predicting lung cancer risk. These results validate the newly dedicated resources and continued efforts to strengthen the LCS program at NMCSD and across MTFs.
Distance mapping applied to four well-known planetary nebulae and a nova shell
Authors: Gómez-Gordillo Sebastian , Akras Stavros , Gonçalves Denise R , Steffen Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate distance estimates of astrophysical objects such as planetary nebulae (PNe), and nova and supernova remnants, among others, allow us to constrain their physical characteristics, such as size, mass, luminosity, and age. An innovative technique based on the expansion parallax method, the so-called distance mapping technique (DMT), provides distance maps of expanding nebulae as well as an estimation of their distances. The DMT combines the tangential velocity vectors obtained from 3D morpho-kinematic models and the observed proper motion vectors to estimate the distance. We applied the DMT to four PNe (NGC 6702, NGC 6543, NGC 6302, and BD+30 3639) and one nova remnant (GK Persei) and derived new distances in good agreement with previous studies. New simple morpho-kinematic shape models were generated for NGC 6543, NGC 6302, and NGC 6702, whereas for BD+30 3639 and GK Persei published models were used. We demonstrate that the DMT is a useful tool to obtain distance values of PNe, in addition to revealing kinematically peculiar regions within the nebulae. Distances are also derived from the trigonometric Gaia parallaxes. The effect of the non-negligible parallax offset in the second Gaia data release is also discussed.
Errors in Diagnostic Test Use and Interpretation Contribute to the High Number of Lyme Disease Referrals in a Low-Incidence State
Authors: Boyce Ross M , Speight Carly , Lin Jessica T , Farel Claire E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lyme disease accounted for more than two-thirds (56 of 81, 69.1%) of all tick-borne disease referrals to a large, academic infectious diseases clinic in a low-incidence state. Deviations from diagnostic testing guidelines and errors in test interpretation were common (23 of 35, 65.7%), suggesting that frontline providers need additional clinical support.
Earnings Belief Risk and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns*
Authors: Brandon Rajna Gibson , Wang Songtao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We show in a theoretical asset pricing model incorporating heterogeneous beliefs that the expected excess return on a risky asset depends on its exposure to the risk arising from innovations in the average belief of investors about the expected return of a representative asset. Using the actual EPS data and the analyst EPS forecast data provided by I/B/E/S, we construct a market-wide average belief measure, which we call “the earnings belief measure.” We find that the average return on stocks with high sensitivity to earnings belief shocks is 7.14% per year higher than that on stocks with low sensitivity. This positive relationship holds after accounting for traditional risk factors, is prominent among large-cap stocks, and is invariant across sentiment levels.