bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does board diversity influence firms’ corporate social responsibility reputation?
Authors: Hartmann Caroline C. , Carmenate Jimmy 
Published: October 2020

PurposeBoard diversity positively impacts corporate social responsibility (CSR); however, there is limited evidence on how board diversity affects the reputation of organizations that are involved in CSR. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect board diversity has on socially responsible firms’ corporate social responsibility reputation (CSRR). The authors specifically examine this relationship because an organization’s corporate reputation may be very different to its CSRR gained through engagement in socially responsible activities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the CSR reputation scores for the top 100 most socially responsible global companies provided by the RepTrak Database as a measure of CSRR. Board diversity measures are calculated for gender, ethnicity and education to measure their impact on social reputation. The sample for this study consists of 146 observations for the period 2013–2017.FindingsThe authors find a significant and positive relation between having a combination of women and ethnically diverse members on the board and firms’ CSRR. The authors also find a significant positive effect on CSRR when the board is composed of women and educationally diverse members.Research limitations/implicationsBoard diversity characteristics continue to impact organizations’ decision-making processes and their involvement in CSR activities as public stakeholders demand greater representation of females and minorities on the board. Because research on board diversity is in its infancy, the authors urge scholars to continue to investigate the impact board diversity has on an organization’s motivation to be socially responsible as well as how it affects their CSRR.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study highlight the importance stakeholders place on an organization’s social responsibility reputation and the positive effects of board diversity in managing their CSRR.Social implicationsThe findings provide evidence that the composition of the board can influence a company’s engagement in CSR activities and their CSRR as perceived by its stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the CSR literature by introducing the concept of CSRR. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study also extends research in the diversity literature by examining the relationship between board diversity variables and an organization’s CSRR. The findings highlight the importance of having a diverse board composed of ethnically and educationally varied individuals and provide evidence of a link between organizations’ involvement in socially responsible activities and their CSRR.
Positive cascading effects of epiphytes enhance the persistence of a habitat‐forming macroalga and the biodiversity of the associated invertebrate community under increasing stress
Authors: Ravaglioli Chiara , Langeneck Joachim , Capocchi Antonella , Castelli Alberto , Fontanini Debora , Gribben Paul E. , Bulleri Fabio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnhanced persistence of stress sensitive species in harsh environments due to amelioration of physical stress by habitat‐forming species has been widely documented. By contrast, less attention has been given to positive species interactions that may enhance stress tolerance in habitat‐forming species, with positive cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.We used a combination of field surveys and experiments to assess the effects of the epiphyteJania rubens, on its subtidal macroalgal hostHalopithys incurva, and their cascading effects on the associated invertebrate community, along a depth gradient associated with increasing stress (i.e. light stress at shallower depths).Correlative studies showed that the biomass and photosynthetic efficiency ofH. incurvaincreased with depth, along with a decrease of epiphyte biomass. The experimental manipulation of epiphytes (removal in shallow water and addition in deep water) revealed that their effects onH. incurvaphysiology varied from positive in shallow habitats to negative in deep habitats. These results suggest that reduction of light/UV stress byJ. rubensallowsH. incurvato persist in shallow‐water habitats that would be otherwise unsuitable. In addition, colonization by large clumps ofJ. rubensincreased the abundance and diversity of associated invertebrates in shallow habitat, suggesting that positive feedbacks betweenH. incurva, acting as the primary habitat‐former, andJ. rubens, acting as a secondary habitat‐former, generate a facilitation cascade.Synthesis. Our study suggests that the persistence of some habitat‐forming species and their ability to support biodiversity may rely upon physical stress reduction by other species (e.g. epiphytes in our case) that are generally neglected when planning conservation strategies. A deeper understanding of context dependency in positive species interactions is essential for predicting patterns of species distribution under increasingly stressful climate scenarios.
Activation of protease‐activated receptor 2 is associated with blood pressure regulation and proteinuria reduction in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Maruyama‐Fumoto Kana , McGuire John J. , Fairlie David P. , Shinozuka Kazumasa , Kagota Satomi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of kidney disease. In SHRSP.Z‐Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with MetS, protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2)‐mediated vasorelaxation is preserved in the aorta at 20 weeks of age (weeks) via enhancement of nitric oxide production but impaired at 30 weeks by oxidative stress. However, impairment of PAR2‐mediated vasorelaxation of renal arteries and its possible implications for kidney disease are unclear. We used organ baths to assess PAR2‐mediated vasorelaxation of isolated renal arteries, colorimetric methods to measure urinary protein levels as an index of renal function, and western blot to determine expression of PAR2 and nephrin proteins in the kidneys of SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks. We assessed renal arteries and kidney function for effects of orally administered GB88, a pathway‐dependent PAR2 antagonist, from 10 to 18 weeks, and azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, from 13 to 23 weeks. PAR2‐mediated vasorelaxation was slightly lower at 20 weeks and attenuated significantly at 30 weeks compared with those at 10 weeks. Urinary protein levels were increased at 20 and 30 weeks. Decreased protein expression of PAR2 and nephrin in the kidney were observed at 30 weeks. Administration of GB88 increased blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria. Azilsartan reduced the high BP and the impaired PAR2‐mediated vasorelaxation, but did not restore the increase in urinary protein levels and decreased PAR2 and nephrin protein expression in the kidney. PAR2 activation in the kidney may be associated with maintenance of BP and urinary protein excretion in MetS.
Review article: Up (to) date for Australian Toxicology and Toxinology guidelines
Authors: Chiew Angela L , Buckley Nicholas A , Graudins Andis , Munir Venita L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoisoned patients commonly present to EDs. The optimal management of these patients is constantly evolving as new evidence emerges. Textbooks cannot be updated regularly enough to incorporate these changes, and their advice may not reflect the current practice of experts. Clinicians treating poisoned patients need an up‐to‐date accessible resource to aid their management decisions. The updated eTG complete, Toxicology and Toxinology guideline represents a consensus of contemporary evidence and expert views from across Australia. Important key changes include: updated advice on decontamination, particularly use of activated charcoal; stepwise escalation in supportive care, including guidance on the most appropriate inotropes for each agent and antidote recommendations for specific poisoning scenarios. Toxicology and Toxinology covers more than 100 poisoning topics and offers more detailed risk assessment, management and disposition advice. It is a valuable evidence‐based resource for the management of poisoned patients.
A spatial capture–recapture model to estimate call rate and population density from passive acoustic surveys
Authors: Stevenson Ben C. , van Dam‐Bates Paul , Young Callum K. Y. , Measey John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture (SCR) models are commonly used to estimate animal population density from detections and subsequent redetections of individuals across space. In particular, acoustic SCR models deal with detections of animal vocalisations across an array of acoustic detectors. Previously published acoustic SCR methods either estimate call density (calls per unit space per unit time) rather than animal density itself, require an independently estimated call rate to estimate animal density, or discard data from all but one detected call from each individual.In this manuscript, we develop a new spatial capture–recapture model that estimates both call rate and animal density from the acoustic survey alone, without requiring an independently estimated call rate. Our approach therefore alleviates the need for the additional fieldwork of physically locating and monitoring individual animals. We illustrate our method and compare it to an existing approach using a simulation study and an application to data collected on an acoustic survey of the visually cryptic Cape peninsula moss frogArthroleptella lightfooti.In the context of our acoustic survey, our calling animal density estimator has low bias, good precision and confidence intervals with appropriate coverage, yielding results that are consistent with previous studies of the same species.Our method can obtain accurate and precise estimates of animal density while eliminating the fieldwork burden associated with separately estimating call rate. We discuss how the development of our model's likelihood reveals a clear path to further extensions, which may incorporate features such as animal movement processes and uncertain individual identification.
Effect of oral tranexamic acid on erythema index in patients with melasma
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer , Rajgopal Bala Harini , Ross Angelique , Wong Celestine C , Paul Eldho , Rodrigues Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelasma is a common disorder of hyperpigmentation that presents a therapeutic challenge for clinical dermatologists. The pathogenesis is complex, but previous studies have demonstrated vascular proliferation is a key factor in the development of the classic hyperpigmented patches. Studies have revealed reduction of erythema by oral tranexamic acid; however, there has been no direct comparison to placebo. This 24‐week randomised placebo‐controlled trial demonstrates oral tranexamic acid may improve erythema in melasma. This mechanism of action may be the reason for the success of tranexamic acid in complex and difficult to treat melasma.
Cutaneous‐group histiocytoses associated with myeloid malignancies: A systematic review of 102 cases
Authors: Bonometti Arturo , Gliozzo Jessica , Moltrasio Chiara , Bagnoli Filippo , Berti Emilio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistiocytoses are haematological disorders of bone marrow origin that share many biological and clinical features with haematological neoplasms. The association between histiocytoses of the cutaneous‐group and myeloid malignancies is a poorly investigated topic of high biological and clinical impact.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the scientific literature, compliant with PRISMA guidelines, to unravel the clinical and pathological features of this intriguing association.FindingsWe gathered and analysed 102 patients. Most were children with generalised cutaneous eruptions and displayed risk organ involvement (i.e. bone marrow, spleen, liver). Interestingly, all these features are uncommonly encountered in C‐group histiocytosis not associated with haematological neoplasms.ConclusionsOur review shows that generalised eruptions and risk organ involvement in cutaneous‐group histiocytosis should raise a suspicion for a concomitant myeloid neoplasm both in children and in adults and warrant further investigations. A rapid recognition of this association is required to start a prompt and effective therapeutic management given the aggressive behaviour of the associated myeloid neoplasm in most instances.
Variations in practice of thromboprophylaxis across general surgical subspecialties: a multicentre (PROTECTinG) study of elective major surgeries
Authors: Liu David S. , Stevens Sean , Wong Enoch , Fong Jonathan , Mori Krinal , Fleming Nicola , Beh Pith Soh , Crowe Amy , Howard Tess , Slevin Maeve , Jain Anshini , Gill Anna Sonia , Lee Sharon , Jamel Wael , Bennet Simon , Chung Chi , Ward Salena , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan ,   VERITAS collaborative
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite guidelines recommending perioperative thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing general surgery, we have observed significant variations in its practice. This may compromise patient safety. Here, we quantify the heterogeneity of perioperative thromboprophylaxis across all major general surgical operations, and place them in relation to their risk of bleeding and venous thromboembolism.MethodsRetrospective review of all elective major general surgeries performed between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2019 across seven Victorian hospitals was conducted.ResultsA total of 5912 patients who underwent 6628 procedures were reviewed. Significant heterogeneity was found in the use of chemoprophylaxis, timing of its initiation, type of anticoagulant administered and application of extended chemoprophylaxis. These variations were observed within the same procedure, and between different surgeries and subspecialties. Contrastingly, there was minimal heterogeneity with the use of mechanical thromboprophylaxis. Oesophago‐gastric, liver and colorectal cancer resections had the highest thromboembolic risk. Breast, oesophago‐gastric, liver, pancreas and colon cancer resections had the highest bleeding risk.ConclusionPerioperative chemoprophylaxis across general surgery is highly variable. This study has highlighted key areas of variance. Our findings also enable surgeons to compare their practices, and provide baseline data to inform future efforts towards optimizing thromboprophylaxis for general surgical patients.
Management of proximal lacrimal obstructions: a rationale
Authors: Quaranta‐Leoni Francesco M. , Fiorino Maria Grazia , Serricchio Fabio , Quaranta‐Leoni Flavia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify a rationale for correct surgical treatment of proximal lacrimal obstructions.MethodsRetrospective review of 775 consecutive patients (974 eyes) with proximal lacrimal obstructions, operated on with customized surgery by a senior surgeon (FMQL) from January 2003 to December 2018.ResultsIn case of punctal stenosis, punctoplasty was as effective as punctal dilatation with monocanalicular or bicanalicular stent (p > 0.05). In proximal canalicular obstructions, failure rate of dacrocystorhinostomy with retrograde intubation (R‐DCR) was significantly higher in case of false inferior passage creation than in case of no false passage creation (p = 0.02). In mid‐canalicular obstructions failure rate of R‐DCR was 41.3%, and bypass surgery with Jones tube at second stage was likely. Trephination and monocanalicular intubation, performed in selected cases, had a failure rate respectively of 16.6% and 21.7% in mid and distal canalicular obstructions. Canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) was successful in 77% of cases of proximal common canalicular obstruction. Bypass surgery is the treatment of choice in case of no residual patency, and rates of tube extrusion were significantly reduced with the use of StopLoss Jones tubes (SLJT) (1.7%) with respect to standard tubes (12%), (p = 0.04, Fisher’s exact test).ConclusionPatient history and accurate diagnosis of the site of obstruction are essential for a correct surgical choice. Less invasive techniques as trephination and intubation may be effective, but should be reserved to patients with no associated lower lacrimal obstruction. Further studies require specific randomized clinical trials, and a standardized protocol adopted by different clinical centres.
Three‐quarter DMEK in eyes with glaucoma draining devices to avoid secondary graft failure
Authors: Oganesyan Oganes , Makarov Pavel , Grdikanyan Arthur , Oganesyan Carolina , Getadaryan Vostan , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo present a case series of a modified three‐quarter Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (3/4‐DMEK) technique to treat pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the presence of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) tube in the anterior chamber by reducing the risk of donor endothelial damage due to absence of donor endothelial cells overlying the GGD tube area.MethodsIn this prospective case series, four eyes of three patients with stable glaucoma underwent 3/4‐DMEK surgery for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after GDD insertion. The patients were followed up to 24 ± 2.5 months postoperatively.ResultsNo intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. The average central endothelial cell density (ECD) was 1093 ± 74 cells/mm2 at 12 months postoperatively, corresponding to an ECD decrease of 58 (±6)% as compared to preoperative values. Average best‐corrected visual acuity increased from finger counting before surgery to 20/60 (logMar 0.5) at 12 months after 3/4‐DMEK and remained stable up to 24 months postoperatively. All corneas remained clear at the last available follow‐up.ConclusionThis case series demonstrates the technical feasibility of 3/4‐DMEK in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the presence of a GDD tube. The absence of a donor DM and donor cells above the silicone tube excludes direct tube contact with the graft. Longer term studies are needed to show the effect of this modified graft pattern and dimensions on transplant survival.
Long‐term exclosure of sheep‐grazing from an ancient wood: Vegetation change after a sixty‐year experiment
Authors: Vild Ondřej , Douglas Rotherham Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuestion: An ancient woodland site with a long history of coppicing and heavy grazing was protected from domesticated stock in 1955. Results of a vegetation‐monitoring experiment were subsequently published in 1983. This study followed up the original research to investigate whether observed trends were as predicted. These included a shift in tree species composition in favour of shade‐tolerant species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), at the expense of light‐demanding birch (Betula spp.) and oak (Quercus petraea agg.), and progress towards a typical woodland ground flora.Location: Peak District National Park, United Kingdom.Methods: The mixed oak–birch woodland was re‐surveyed in 2011. Two enclosures (1955 and 1980s) and an unenclosed control area were investigated. Overstorey structure and composition was assessed by measuring canopy openness and the girths of all trees and saplings. Herb layer species composition was also recorded in 28 vegetation plots.Results: We demonstrated a progressive decline in the number of mature oaks and birch in the old enclosure although they still regenerated successfully. Only a few individuals of beech and rowan appeared. Herb layer species composition differed between the subareas but since the 1980s, the temporal change in the old enclosure was negligible. The new enclosure followed a similar pattern in both canopy and herb layer as observed in the early years in the old enclosure. However, the control subarea had no regeneration of woody species and limited ground flora.Conclusions: After nearly 60 years, the replacement of light‐demanding dominants by shade‐tolerant trees was still limited, probably by low pH and stable light conditions. The findings are pertinent to the impacts of large herbivore grazing (domestic stock or wild) on woodland dynamics.
Risk assessment of therapeutic agents under consideration to treat COVID‐19 in paediatric patients and pregnant women
Authors: Barrett Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2020

AimRepurposing strategies to address the COVID‐19 pandemic have been accelerated. As both pregnant and paediatric patients are likely to be excluded from most planned investigations, the list of repurposed options and the available data on these drugs and vaccines provide a baseline risk assessment and identify gaps for targeted investigation.MethodsClinical trials have been searched and reviewed; 23 repurposed drugs and drug combinations and nine candidate vaccines have been assessed regarding the availability of relevant data in paediatrics and pregnant women and to evaluate expected or unanticipated risk.ResultsThirteen of the repurposed drugs or drug combinations are indicated for use in paediatrics in some age category albeit for indications other than COVID‐19; 10 of these are indicated for use in pregnant women. Even in cases where these drugs are indicated in the populations, source data from which safety and or dosing could be extrapolated for use in COVID‐19 is sparse. Vaccine trials are ongoing and generally exclude pregnant women; only in a few instances have paediatric subgroups been planned for enrolment. Data from individual case studies and RWD may suggest that subpopulations of both paediatric patients and pregnant women may be more at risk, particularly those in an increased inflammatory state.ConclusionIn conjunction with more prospective collaboration, plans are evolving to ensure that we will be better prepared to address similar situations especially in paediatrics and pregnant women where experience is limited and actual practice relies heavily on leveraging data from other populations and indications.
“Someone will come in and say I'm doing it wrong.” The perspectives of fathers with learning disabilities in England
Authors: Symonds Jon , Abbott David , Dugdale Daryl 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summary

When people with learning disabilities have children and become parents, they sometimes need good support to help them.

Research about parents with learning disabilities and the support they get is usually about mothers and not fathers. There is not very much written about dads with learning disabilities.

This paper is about interviews with eight dads with learning disabilities who told us about what it was like to be a dad and about the kind of support they had got.

We think more support needs to be given to parents with learning disabilities and that dads should be included in this.

AbstractBackgroundThis article reports on the perspectives of fathers with a learning disability in England about being fathers and the support they have received. Although there is an established literature that considers parenting with a learning disability, few studies have focused on the perspectives of fathers.MethodWe adopted a qualitative approach for this study, using semi‐structured interviews with eight fathers with learning disabilities, recruited through learning disability organisations and social media. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsBeing a father was important to participants and the findings are presented in three themes: descriptions of fatherhood; challenges of fatherhood; and support with fatherhood.ConclusionWe discuss how fathers' perspectives on fatherhood relate to wider transformations of fatherhood in society, the impact of these on fathering with a learning disability and the implications for services.