bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of D-Dimer Levels in Southwestern Nigerian Pregnant Women
Authors: Bamisaye E. O. , Okungbowa M. A. , Alade D. T. , West O. Brown- , Oluwasuji G. T. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: This study evaluated D-dimer level in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria in order to provide more information on the concentration and liable risks in this region.
Study Design: This is a cross sectional study where convenience sampling method was applied in sample collection.
Place and Duration of Study: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI), Ekiti; Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owo; and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH), Osogbo in Southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: Exactly three hundred pregnant (300) and one hundred and fifty (150) apparently healthy non pregnant women were recruited for this study. The blood samples were analysed for haematocrit (HCT) and platelet count using Sysmex KX-2IN (Japan); prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) by Diagen reagents (Diagnostic Ltd., UK); the international normalized ratio (INR) was calculated from the PT results; and D-dimer quantitative assay using Tina Quant Gen 2 on Cobas C111 (Roche). Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0; mean and standard deviation was used to summarize continuous variables and descriptive and Inferential statistical tests were employed with level of statistical significance was determined at p<0.05.
Results: The mean D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the pregnant women (0.87 ± 1.00 ugFEU/ml) than in controls (0.31 ± 0.22 ugFEU/ml) with 42% of the pregnant population having elevated concentration while the mean PT, INR and HCT were significantly higher in controls than the subjects (p<0.05).Furthermore, the HCT, platelet, PT and INR were observed to be highest at first trimester; 36.04±5.09 (L/L), 182.72±35.11 (x109/L), 11.80±1.86 (seconds) and 0.35±0.15 respectively, decreasing across the second and the third trimester. On the other hand, the D-dimer and APTT increased exponentially from the first trimester; 0.42±0.18 (ugFEU/ml) and 30.80±3.30 (seconds), through the second and third trimesters respectively (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows a significant increase in D-dimer in the pregnant subjects when compared with the control and an exponential increase in the third trimester, also a significant reduction in some other baseline coagulation profile hence depicting D-dimer as a notable significant marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis. This therefore emphasizes the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy and a need for adequate monitoring.
Remanufacturingability Modeling Approach on Remanufacturing Conventional Machine into CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Abdullah Ziyad Tariq 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Assess to find the most suitable remanufacturing portfolio alternatives to restore dovetail guide ways and saddles of machine tools.
Study Design: Comparative literature based analysis adoption to apply a series of assessments to find the remanufacturability of best restoration portfolio alternative where portfolios are developed by using scenario based analysis and results are optimized using remanufacturing experience based analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Mechanical Techniques Department, between January 2020 and July 2020.
Methodology:

Literature survey aided remanufacturing assessment case studies elicitation.
Sample of published papers re-representation to highlight the findings of discussions and conclusions of these papers.
Graphical representation of results is also applied.
Study of published papers sample allows isolation of criteria, weighting of criteria, weighting of alternatives, global weights calculation and alternatives ranking of remanufacturing portfolio alternatives to restore dovetail guides ways and saddles of machine tools.

Conclusion: Series of different assessments with different groups of criteria lead to propose hypotheses to be highlighted to continue application of comparative literature based assessment, proposed hypotheses include:

As much as uniform is the Rank-Global weights curve of portfolio alternatives the more consistent is the assessment matrix.
Technical viability of remanufacturing portfolio will lead to economic and environmental viabilities.
Economic and environmental viabilities necessarily can certain remanufacturability and will lead to social viability.
Technical, economic, environmental and social viabilities will lead to sustainability.
Integrated technical viability of a remanufacturing portfolio is an integration of derivatives of technical viabilities of processes consist the portfolio.
Comparative literature based assessment is a powerful tool under the mixture of remanufacturing experience based analysis and scenario based analysis.
Remanufacturability assessment, technical viability assessment and partial sustainability assessment can be mixed to develop comprehensive remanufacturing sustainability assessment.

Grinding-Mechanical Cladding is assembly based remanufacturing to improve machine tool remanufacturability and sustainability.
Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment on Liver and Kidney Functions
Authors: Bani Simon Bannison , Obirikorang Christian , Danquah Kwabena O. , Owiredu William K. B. A. , Quaye Lawrence , Sakyi Samuel A. , Adams Yussif , Dapare Peter Paul M. , Banyeh Moses , Gandau Barnabas B. N. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: This study assesses the effects of HAART on liver and renal functions in HIV infected individuals on HAART.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Methods: This study was conducted in Tamale, Ghana from August, 2015 to November 2017.
Methodology: A total of 300 HIV infected participants with ages ranging from 19 to 79 years who have been administered with HAART for at least 6 months were recruited. Pre-HAART administration (baseline) demographic and clinical information, with initial liver and renal function test results were retrieved from the medical records of the participants present at the ART center. Post HAART administration blood sample (5 mLs) was taken from each participant into a gel separated vacutainer tube, allowed to clot and spun at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes to produce serum. The product (serum) was used for liver and renal function test analysis using a fully automated chemistry analyser (Vital Scientific Selectra Flexor XL).
Results: Of the study population, 72% were administered with AZT/3TC/EFV, 13% with AZT/3TC/NVP, 6.7% with TDF/3TC/LPV/r and TDF/3TC/NVP, 1% with AZT/3TC/EFV while 0.7% were administered with TDF/FTC/EFV. The following parameters were significantly increased post HAART administration; ALT (25.53 ± 16.90 to 30.87 ± 19.28 U/L), ALP (163.7 ± 141.0 to 215.2 ± 143.4 U/L), GGT (37.27 ± 25.21 to 53.19 ± 41.71 U/L), Total protein (73.97 ± 17.08 to 82.31 ± 11.62 g/L), Albumin (38.02 ± 9.331 to 41.01 ± 7.471 g/L), Globulin 38.02 ± 15.71 to 42.79 ± 25.20 (g/L). There were however significant reductions in Total bilirubin (12.13 ± 10.85 to 9.434 ± 4.560 µmol/L), Direct bilirubin (6.616 ± 5.770 to 4.184 ± 2.806 µmol/L), (Creatinine 73.19 ± 36.13 to 63.14 ± 27.14 µmol/L) and Urea (3.515 ± 2.552 to 3.011±1.274 mmol/L).
Conclusion: HAART improves renal function, induces elevation in liver enzymes, stimulates the production of plasma proteins and reduces serum bilirubin concentration.
Gastric Wall Implantation of Pancreatic Cancer Due to Preoperative Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: A Case Report
Authors: Maehira Hiromitsu , Ogawa Masao , Kawasaki Masayasu , Imagawa Atsuo , Yuu Ken , Itoh Aya , Mizumura Naoto , Yamamoto Kansuke , Yasuda Hiroshi , Toyoda Sho , Kawashima Hiroshi , Okumura Satoshi , Yoshimura Michiko , Kameyama Masao 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is often used to diagnose pancreatic tumors. In rare cases, preoperative EUS-FNA can be complicated by gastric wall implantation of pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation:
A 66-year-old woman with pancreatic tail cancer underwent evaluation by EUS-FNA, followed by distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Twelve months postoperatively, a submucosal tumor was detected at the posterior gastric wall, at the location where the EUS-FNA was performed, and a boring biopsy from the submucosal tumor showed an adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we performed partial gastrectomy. Immunostaining results of the resected specimen were identical to those of the resected pancreatic cancer. The patient was diagnosed as having gastric wall implantation of pancreatic cancer due to EUS-FNA.

Conclusion:
This case emphasizes the importance of monitoring the site of EUS-FNA for gastric wall implantation of pancreatic cancer, and boring biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool.
Complete Surgical Resection and Aggressive Treatment for Liver Metastasis May Be Beneficial to Adult Patients With Pancreatoblastoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Yin Shih-Min , Liu Yueh-Wei , Chou Fong-Fu , Kuo Fang-Ying , Tsang Leung-Chit 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:Pancreatoblastoma (PB) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm that occurs most in pediatric patients. Here, we report a rare case of adult PB with liver metastasis and review the literature in order to assist clinicians in the management of the disease.Case Presentation:A 27-year-old female patient suffered from postprandial fullness, anorexia, and weight loss in the past 3 months. An abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans confirmed right abdominal mass with compression of major liver vessels, as well as the P-duct and biliary ducts and causing mild dilatation. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and pathologic findings showed typical squamoid corpuscles, which confirmed the diagnosis of PB. The patient was alive and disease-free for 1 year and 10 months until a new metastatic lesion was found. Radiofrequency ablation was arranged as a curative treatment, and no viable tumor or sign of recurrence was found until this paper was submitted. Based on a review of previous case reports, we found adult PB patients with only liver metastasis presented with a smaller tumor size (P = 0.031), more frequent pancreatic head origin (P = 0.043), and decreased 1-year mortality (P = 0.009) compared with patients with other distal metastases. Therefore, we assumed that PB with liver metastasis might present favorable outcome by complete surgical resection or other curative treatment.Conclusion:PB patients with liver metastasis are more likely to show a pancreatic head origin, smaller tumor size, and more favorable outcomes compared with other sites of metastasis. PB should be treated aggressively with surgical resection or other curative treatment as opposed to chemotherapy alone.
Comprehensive Strategies for the Synthesis of Isoquinolines: Progress Since 2008
Authors: Gujjarappa Raghuram , Vodnala Nagaraju , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, an enormous number of reports have been dedicated towards the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles. This immense interest have emerged owing to their wide varieties of pharmacological activities. The present review focused on the synthesis of isoquinoline derivatives, a family of N‐heterocycles showing a broad range of structural diversity, biological and pharmaceutical activities. The progress on their synthetic strategies using versatile approaches are discussed in details.magnified image
Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of new indazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Laghchioua Fatima E. , Kouakou Assoman , Eddahmi Mohammed , Viale Maurizio , Monticone Massimiliano , Gangemi Rosaria , Maric Irena , El Ammari Lahcen , Saadi Mohamed , Baltas Michel , Kandri Rodi Youssef , Rakib El Mostapha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo develop potent and selective anticancer agents, a series of novel polysubstituted indazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative and apoptotic activities against two selected human cancer cell lines (A2780 and A549). Several compounds showed an interesting antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.64 to 17 µM against both cell lines. The most active indazoles were then tested in different pharmacological dilution conditions, adding five new cell lines (A2780, A549, IMR32, MDA‐MB‐231, and T47D) as targets, confirming their antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, selected compounds were able to trigger apoptosis to a significant extent and to cause, in part, a block of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, with a concomitant decrease of cells in the G2/M and/or G0/G1 phases and the generation of hypodiploid peaks. However, molecule 7d caused a great increase of cells in G2/M and the appearance of polyploid cells. Altogether, our results suggest a good pharmacological activity for our selected polysubstituted indazoles, which are suggestive of a preferential mechanism of action as cell cycle‐specific antimetabolites or as an inhibitor of enzyme activities involved in DNA synthesis, except for 7d, which, on the contrary, seems to have a mechanism involving the microtubule system.
Reduction of Pesticide Toxicity Under Field-Relevant Conditions? The Interaction of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, Ultraviolet, and Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Lüderwald Simon , Meyer Frederik , Gerstle Verena , Friedrichs Lisa , Rolfing Katrin , Schreiner Verena C. , Bakanov Nikita , Schulz Ralf , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In surface waters, the illumination of photoactive engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with ultraviolet (UV) light triggers the formation of reactive intermediates, consequently altering the ecotoxicological potential of co-occurring organic micropollutants including pesticides due to catalytic degradation. Simultaneously, omnipresent natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbs onto ENM surfaces, altering the ENM surface properties. Also, NOM absorbs light, reducing the photo(cata)lytic transformation of pesticides. Interactions between these environmental factors impact 1) directly the ecotoxicity of photoactive ENMs, and 2) indirectly the degradation of pesticides. We assessed the impact of field-relevant UV radiation (up to 2.6 W UVA/m²), NOM (4 mg TOC/L), and photoactive ENM (nTiO2, 50 µg/L) on the acute toxicity of 6 pesticides in Daphnia magna. We selected azoxystrobin, dimethoate, malathion, parathion, permethrin, and pirimicarb because of their varying photo- and hydrolytic stabilities. Increasing UVA alone partially reduced pesticide toxicity, seemingly due to enhanced degradation. Even at 50 µg/L, nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) reduced but also increased pesticide toxicity (depending on the applied pesticide), which is attributable to 1) more efficient degradation and potentially 2) photocatalytically induced formation of toxic by-products. Natural organic matter 1) partially reduced pesticide toxicity, not evidently accompanied by enhanced pesticide degradation, but also 2) inhibited pesticide degradation, effectively increasing the pesticide toxicity. Predicting the ecotoxicological potential of pesticides based on their interaction with UV light or interaction with NOM was hardly possible, which was even more difficult in the presence of nTiO2. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2237–2246. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Insight and performance of LC‐DFT vs DFT in the NMR shielding and chemical shift calculations: Case of CHClCHCF3
Authors: Holtomo Olivier , Motapon Ousmanou , Nsangou Mama 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFifteen density functional theory (DFT) methods and fifteen long‐range corrected density functional theory (LC‐DFT) methods were used in the present work to assess nuclear magnetic resonance parameters such as nuclear shielding constant (NSC), nuclear chemical shift (NCS), and nuclear anisotropic shielding constant (NAS). These different methods were associated with the full basis set 6‐311++G(3df,3pd). The gauge‐independent atomic orbital was used for the calculation of nuclear shielding tensors of the nuclei contained in the stereoisomers cis‐ and trans‐CHClCHCF3. Thus, the effects of LC are clearly observed for heavy nuclei (13C, 19F, 35Cl). The results of NSC, NCS, and NAS from DFT are better described than LC‐DFT with regard to the KT3 method. Moreover, the results from the LC‐DFT are better described than the standard DFT with regard to CCSD(T). Based on the latter method used as the benchmark, the NSCs of nuclei are well fitted by the competitive functionals LC‐TPSSTPSS and LC‐PKZBPKZB. In the particular case of the trans‐isomer, mPWPKZB was found to be the best method. For the NCSs, the more accurate methods include the latter two LC functionals and the non‐LC functionals TPSSTPSS and mPWPKZB. The accuracy of NAS depends strongly on the nuclei. Thus, CAM‐B3LYP describes it well for 19F and LC‐PKZBPKZB for 35Cl. The rest of nuclei are well fitted by all the methods except 13C1 and 13C2, which are better reproduced by the LC‐DFT except the LC‐PKZBPKZB, LC‐TPSSTPSS, and CAM‐B3LYP functionals.
High energy modular bootstrap, global symmetries and defects
Authors: Pal Sridip , Sun Zhengdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We derive Cardy-like formulas for the growth of operators in different sectors of unitary 2 dimensional CFT in the presence of topological defect lines by putting an upper and lower bound on the number of states with scaling dimension in the interval [∆ − δ, ∆ + δ] for large ∆ at fixed δ. Consequently we prove that given any unitary modular invariant 2D CFT symmetric under finite global symmetry G (acting faithfully), all the irreducible representations of G appear in the spectra of the untwisted sector; the growth of states is Cardy like and proportional to the “square” of the dimension of the irrep. In the Schwarzian limit, the result matches onto that of JT gravity with a bulk gauge theory. If the symmetry is non-anomalous, the result applies to any sector twisted by a group element. For c > 1, the statements are true for Virasoro primaries. Furthermore, the results are applicable to large c CFTs. We also extend our results for the continuous U(1) group.
A field theory study of entanglement wedge cross section: odd entropy
Authors: Mollabashi Ali , Tamaoka Kotaro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study odd entanglement entropy (odd entropy in short), a candidate of measure for mixed states holographically dual to the entanglement wedge cross section, in two-dimensional free scalar field theories. Our study is restricted to Gaussian states of scale-invariant theories as well as their finite temperature generalizations, for which we show that odd entropy is a well-defined measure for mixed states. Motivated from holographic results, the difference between odd and von Neumann entropy is also studied. In particular, we show that large amounts of quantum correlations ensure the odd entropy to be larger than von Neumann entropy, which is qualitatively consistent with the holographic CFT. In general cases, we also find that this difference is not even a monotonic function with respect to size of (and distance between) subsystems.
The Kager’s fat pad radiological anatomy revised
Authors: Szaro Paweł , Polaczek Mateusz , Ciszek Bogdan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to map connections within the Kager’s fat pad between the structures which limit it.

Methods
A retrospective re-review of 200 ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was conducted. Connections within the Kager’s fat pad between the superior peroneal retinaculum, the fibulotalocalcaneal ligament, the posterior talocalcaneal ligament, the flexor hallucis longus, the paratenon of the Achilles tendon, the flexor retinaculum and bones were studied and a model of the connections was constructed.

Results
The superior peroneal retinaculum was directly connected with the fibulotalocalcaneal ligament in 85.5% of cases, the lateral part of the paratenon in 82.5%, the processus posterior tali in 78.5%, the posterior talofibular ligament in 32%, the flexor retinaculum in 29.5% and the anterior talofibular ligament in 9%.
The fibulotalocalcaneal ligament was connected with the paratenon (on the medial side 88.5%, on the lateral side 68.5%), the flexor retinaculum in 70%, the posterior process of the talus in 79%, the osteofibrosus tunnel for the flexor hallucis longus in 53%, the posterior talofibular ligament in 43.5% and the calcaneofibular ligament in 10.5%.
The posterior talocalcaneal ligament was connected with the fibulotalocalcaneal ligament in 71%, with the osteofibrosus tunnel for the flexor hallucis longus in 76.5%, with the flexor retinaculum in 70%. The plantaris tendon showed projection to the crural fascia in 34 of % cases.

Conclusion
In the Kager’s fat pad there are present more connections than previously reported. All the connections unit at the level of the posterior process of the talus.
Red blood cell transfusion in obstetrics and its implication for patient blood management: a retrospective analysis in Switzerland from 1998 to 2016
Authors: Zdanowicz Jarmila A. , Schneider Sophie , Mueller Martin , Tschudi Ruedi , Surbek Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Peripartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains one of the main causes of maternal mortality worldwide. Treatment includes administration of packed red blood cells (RBC) in severe cases and patient blood management (PBM) may reduce it significantly. In our study, we wanted to retrospectively assess red blood cell administration in PPH to evaluate the impact of PBM in Switzerland.

Methods
Using data from the Swiss obstetric hospital registry (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schweizer Frauenkliniken, ASF), we included patients with deliveries from 1998 to 2016. We examined available obstetric data as well as blood loss and RBC administration in the acute and subacute peripartal phase. We categorized data into two time intervals: 1998–2011 and 2012–2016, as new PPH guidelines in Switzerland were established in 2012.

Results
PPH incidence increased between 1998 and 2016 significantly. The number of vaginal instrumental deliveries and cesarean sections increased as well. Administration of three or more RBC units, as defined in the ASF registry, in the acute and subacute phase in Switzerland has decreased after 2012. Conversely, we saw an increase in the administration of one to two RBC units in the acute and subacute phase. Nevertheless, overall RBC administration has been decreasing from 1998 to 2016.

Conclusion
The increase of patients obtaining one or two units of RBC for PPH suggests that there may be a potential for effective implication of PBM in obstetrics. Reduction of RBC transfusion in the context of PPH may not only decrease maternal morbidity, but decrease economic costs as well.