bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable retention of chloramphenicol-resistant mtDNA to rescue metabolically impaired cells
Authors: Dawson Emma R. , Patananan Alexander N. , Sercel Alexander J. , Teitell Michael A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe permanent transfer of specific mtDNA sequences into mammalian cells could generate improved models of mtDNA disease and support future cell-based therapies. Previous studies documented multiple biochemical changes in recipient cells shortly after mtDNA transfer, but the long-term retention and function of transferred mtDNA remains unknown. Here, we evaluate mtDNA retention in new host cells using ‘MitoPunch’, a device that transfers isolated mitochondria into mouse and human cells. We show that newly introduced mtDNA is stably retained in mtDNA-deficient (ρ0) recipient cells following uridine-free selection, although exogenous mtDNA is lost from metabolically impaired, mtDNA-intact (ρ+) cells. We then introduced a second selective pressure by transferring chloramphenicol-resistant mitochondria into chloramphenicol-sensitive, metabolically impaired ρ+ mouse cybrid cells. Following double selection, recipient cells with mismatched nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes retained transferred mtDNA, which replaced the endogenous mutant mtDNA and improved cell respiration. However, recipient cells with matched mtDNA-nDNA failed to retain transferred mtDNA and sustained impaired respiration. Our results suggest that exogenous mtDNA retention in metabolically impaired ρ+ recipients depends on the degree of recipient mtDNA-nDNA co-evolution. Uncovering factors that stabilize exogenous mtDNA integration will improve our understanding of in vivo mitochondrial transfer and the interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
Manipulation of phase slips in carbon-nanotube-templated niobium-nitride superconducting nanowires under microwave radiation
Authors: Kato Kota , Takagi Tasuku , Tanabe Takasumi , Moriyama Satoshi , Morita Yoshifumi , Maki Hideyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the manipulation of thermal/quantum phase slips (tPSs/qPSs) in ultra-thin niobium-nitride superconducting nanowires (scNW) grown on carbon-nanotube templates. These NWs exhibit resistive steps in current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, and the number of phase slip centers (PSCs) in an NW can be tuned by the NW length. Under microwave (MW) radiation, emergence of each single PSC can be precisely controlled by varying the MW power. For thin and short scNW, a dip structure between the qPS-dominated low-temperature region and the tPS-dominated high-temperature region were observed owing to anti-proximity effect by electrodes.
A highly efficient non-viral process for programming mesenchymal stem cells for gene directed enzyme prodrug cancer therapy
Authors: Ho Yoon Khei , Woo Jun Yung , Tu Geraldine Xue En , Deng Lih-Wen , Too Heng-Phon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy has emerged as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. The tumour-nesting properties of MSCs enable these vehicles to target tumours and metastases with effective therapies. A crucial step in engineering MSCs is the delivery of genetic material with low toxicity and high efficiency. Due to the low efficiency of current transfection methods, viral vectors are used widely to modify MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies. We show, for the first time, the high transfection efficiency (> 80%) of human adipose tissue derived-MSCs (AT-MSCs) using a cost-effective and off-the-shelf Polyethylenimine, in the presence of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and fusogenic lipids. Notably, the phenotypes of MSCs remained unchanged post-modification. AT-MSCs engineered with a fused transgene, yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CDy::UPRT) displayed potent cytotoxic effects against breast, glioma, gastric cancer cells in vitro. The efficiency of eliminating gastric cell lines were effective even when using 7-day post-transfected AT-MSCs, indicative of the sustained expression and function of the therapeutic gene. In addition, significant inhibition of temozolomide resistant glioma tumour growth in vivo was observed with a single dose of therapeutic MSC. This study demonstrated an efficient non-viral modification process for MSC-based prodrug therapy.
Bats as putative Zaire ebolavirus reservoir hosts and their habitat suitability in Africa
Authors: Koch Lisa K. , Cunze Sarah , Kochmann Judith , Klimpel Sven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe genus Ebolavirus comprises some of the deadliest viruses for primates and humans and associated disease outbreaks are increasing in Africa. Different evidence suggests that bats are putative reservoir hosts and play a major role in the transmission cycle of these filoviruses. Thus, detailed knowledge about their distribution might improve risk estimations of where future disease outbreaks might occur. A MaxEnt niche modelling approach based on climatic variables and land cover was used to investigate the potential distribution of 9 bat species associated to the Zaire ebolavirus. This viral species has led to major Ebola outbreaks in Africa and is known for causing high mortalities. Modelling results suggest suitable areas mainly in the areas near the coasts of West Africa with extensions into Central Africa, where almost all of the 9 species studied find suitable habitat conditions. Previous spillover events and outbreak sites of the virus are covered by the modelled distribution of 3 bat species that have been tested positive for the virus not only using serology tests but also PCR methods. Modelling the habitat suitability of the bats is an important step that can benefit public information campaigns and may ultimately help control future outbreaks of the disease.
Trehalose ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis by promoting Snail degradation and inhibiting mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mesothelial cells
Authors: Miyake Taito , Sakai Norihiko , Tamai Akira , Sato Koichi , Kamikawa Yasutaka , Miyagawa Taro , Ogura Hisayuki , Yamamura Yuta , Oshima Megumi , Nakagawa Shiori , Sagara Akihiro , Shinozaki Yasuyuki , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Iwata Yasunori , Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a severe complication of peritoneal dialysis, but there are few effective therapies for it. Recent studies have revealed a new biological function of trehalose as an autophagy inducer. Thus far, there are few reports regarding the therapeutic effects of trehalose on fibrotic diseases. Therefore, we examined whether trehalose has anti-fibrotic effects on PF. PF was induced by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). CG challenges induced the increase of peritoneal thickness, ColIα1mRNA expression and hydroxyproline content, all of which were significantly attenuated by trehalose. In addition, CG challenges induced a marked peritoneal accumulation of α-SMA+myofibroblasts that was reduced by trehalose. The number of Wt1+α-SMA+cells in the peritoneum increased following CG challenges, suggesting that a part of α-SMA+myofibroblasts were derived from peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). The number of Wt1+α-SMA+cells was also suppressed by trehalose. Additionally, trehalose attenuated the increase of α-SMA and ColIα1mRNA expression induced by TGF-β1through Snail protein degradation, which was dependent on autophagy in PMCs. These results suggest that trehalose might be a novel therapeutic agent for PF through the induction of autophagy and the suppression of mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PMCs.
In-plane anisotropic third-harmonic generation from germanium arsenide thin flakes
Authors: Sar Huseyin , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA newly introduced two-dimensional (2D) layered germanium arsenide (GeAs) has attracted growing interest due to its promising highly in-plane anisotropic crystal structure and electronic properties for photonic and optoelectronic applications. The potential of 2D layered GeAs for many applications such as anisotropic photodetection, electronics, superconductivity and thermoelectricity is being investigated in recent studies. However, the intrinsic nonlinear optical properties of 2D layered GeAs have not been explored yet. Here, thickness- and incident polarization-dependent in-plane anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) from the mechanically exfoliated thin GeAs flakes is reported. Furthermore, the effect of the flake thickness on the THG conversion efficiency is shown to find the optimal thickness range for high conversion efficiency. The polarization state of the emitted THG signal is also analyzed by measuring the Stokes parameters with different polarization states of the pump beam to demonstrate the capability of controlling the intensity and polarization of TH emission. Our results will create new opportunities for advancing anisotropic optical devices used for future photonic integration, optical communication and optical information processing.
Application of Pedimap: a pedigree visualization tool to facilitate the decisioning of rice breeding in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake Rasika , Sahibdeen Shehan , Udawela Kapila , Weebadde Cholani , Weerakoon Wijayasiri , Sooriyapathirana Suneth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of rice cultivars with desirable traits is essential. The decision-making is a crucial step in rice breeding programs. Breeders can make efficient and pragmatic decisions if an organized pedigree visualization platform is available for the accessions and cultivars in rice breeding germplasm. In the present study, the available data of all the rice varieties released by Rice Research and Development Institute, Sri Lanka, and the related landraces and genotypes were arranged in Pedimap, a pedigree visualization tool. Pedimap can showcase pedigree relationships, phenotypic, and molecular data. The identity by descent probabilities were calculated using FlexQTL software and included in the Pedimap database. The parentage selection based on the variations of phenotypic traits, selection of marker alleles for molecular breeding, and detection of the founders of genetic effects can be swiftly conducted using Pedimap. However, the power of harnessing the value of Pedimap for making breeding decisions relies on the availability of data for the traits, markers, and genomic sequences. Thus, it is imperative to characterize the breeding germplasms using standard phenomic and genomic characterization procedures such as the assessment of before organized into Pedimap. Thereby, the worldwide breeding programs can benefit from each other to produce improved varieties to meet global challenges.
Abundance and nuclear antigen reactivity of intestinal and fecal Immunoglobulin A in lupus-prone mice at younger ages correlate with the onset of eventual systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Sun Wei , Gudi Radhika R. , Johnson Benjamin M. , Vasu Chenthamarakshan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur recent studies, using (SWRxNZB)F1 (SNF1) mice, showed a potential contribution of the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory immune responses of the gut mucosa to systemic autoimmunity in lupus. Here, using this mouse model, we determined the abundance and the nAg reactivity of IgA antibody produced in the intestine under lupus susceptibility. Intestinal lymphoid tissues from SNF1 mice, females particularly, showed significantly higher frequencies of nAg (dsDNA and nucleohistone) reactive IgA producing B cells compared to B6 females. Most importantly, younger age fecal IgA -abundance and -nAg reactivity of lupus-prone mice showed a positive correlation with eventual systemic autoimmunity and proteinuria onset. Depletion of gut microbiota in SNF1 mice resulted in the diminished production of IgA in the intestine and the nAg reactivity of these antibodies. Overall, these observations show that fecal IgA features, nuclear antigen reactivity particularly, at preclinical stages/in at-risk subjects could be predictive of autoimmune progression.
Kinetics of oxygen uptake during unassisted breathing trials in prolonged mechanical ventilation: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Lee I-Hsien , Kuo Yao-Wen , Lin Feng-Ching , Wu Chang-Wei , Jerng Jih-Shuin , Kuo Ping-Hung , Cheng Jui-Chen , Chien Ying-Chun , Huang Chun-Kai , Wu Huey-Dong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFew studies have investigated the measurement of oxygen uptake ($${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

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O2) in tracheostomized patients undergoing unassisted breathing trials (UBTs) for liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV). Using an open-circuit, breath-to-breath method, we continuously measured $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

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O2 and relevant parameters during 120-min UBTs via a T-tube in 49 tracheostomized patients with prolonged MV, and calculated mean values in the first and last 5-min periods. Forty-one (84%) patients successfully completed the UBTs. The median $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

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O2 increased significantly (from 235.8 to 298.2 ml/min; P = 0.025) in the failure group, but there was no significant change in the success group (from 223.1 to 221.6 ml/min; P = 0.505). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, an increase in $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

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O2 > 17% from the beginning period (odds ratio [OR] 0.084; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.012–0.600; P = 0.014) and a peak inspiratory pressure greater than − 30 cmH2O (OR 11.083; 95% CI 1.117–109.944; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with the success of 120-min UBT. A refined prediction model combining heart rate, energy expenditure, end-tidal CO2 and oxygen equivalent showed a modest increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.788 (P = 0.578) and lower Akaike information criterion score of 41.83 compared to the traditional prediction model including heart rate and respiratory rate for achieving 48 h of unassisted breathing. Our findings show the potential of monitoring $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

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O2 in the final phase of weaning in tracheostomized patients with prolonged MV.
Two potential equilibrium states in long-term soil respiration activity of dry grasslands are maintained by local topographic features
Authors: Fóti Szilvia , Balogh János , Gecse Bernadett , Pintér Krisztina , Papp Marianna , Koncz Péter , Kardos Levente , Mónok Dávid , Nagy Zoltán 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil respiration of grasslands is spatio-temporally variable reflecting the changing biological activities of the soil. In our study we analysed how the long-term soil respiration activities of dry grasslands would perform in terms of resistance and resilience. We also investigated how terrain features are responsible for response stability. We conducted a 7-year-long spatial study in a Hungarian dry grassland, measuring soil respiration (Rs), soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) along 15 measuring campaigns in 80 × 60 m grids and soil organic carbon content in 6 of the occasions. Two proxy variables were introduced to grasp the overall Rs activity, as well as its temporal stability: average rankRs, the temporal average Rs rank of a measuring position from the campaigns revealed the persistent spatial pattern of Rs, while rangeRs, the range of ranks of the positions from the campaigns described the amplitude of the Rs response in time, referring to the response stability in terms of resistance or resilience. We formulated a hypothetic concept of a two-state equilibrium to describe the performance of the long-term Rs activity: Rs activity with smaller rangeRs, that is both the lower elevation positions with larger rankRs (“state I”) and the higher elevation positions with smaller rankRs (“state II”) correspond to an equilibrium state with several terrain attributes being responsible for the equilibrium responses. Majority of the measuring positions was belonging to none of these equilibrium states. These positions showed higher rangeRs for medium rankRs, suggesting resilience (not resistance) as a major strategy for this ecosystem.
Entzündungen des muskuloskelettalen Systems bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Körber Friederike , Semler Oliver , Heneweer Carola 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDas muskuloskelettale System unterliegt im Verlauf des Wachstums wie kaum ein anderes Organsystem einem hohen Wandel. Entsprechend unterscheiden sich Entzündungen in Ausdehnung und Verlauf bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nicht nur von denen bei erwachsenen Patienten, sondern verändern sich auch während der Adoleszenz.
The Treatment of Facial Asymmetry with Botulinum Toxin: Current Concepts, Guidelines, and Future Trends
Authors: Heydenrych Izolda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article will describe facial asymmetry secondary to facial nerve paralysis (FNP), and review current concepts, guidelines, and future trends. Despite the increasing use of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) in treating FNP, ideal dosage, timing, and additional therapies are not unequivocally established. Facial asymmetry significantly impacts quality of life (QOL) by strongly affecting self-perception and social interactions; injectables may mediate great clinical improvement. This article provides practical guidelines for the use of BoNTA and provides schemes for accurate assessment and documentation. A systematic, stepwise approach is recommended with methodical assessment, meticulous placement, conservative dosage, and careful follow-up. Future trends include the potential use of newly developed toxins, muscle modification with fillers, improved imaging techniques, and targeted QOL studies. Hopefully, a growing number of aesthetic injectors may become technically proficient and join multidisciplinary teams for managing FNP.
Facial Feminization Surgery: A Review of 220 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Telang Parag Shashank 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a combination of facial bony and soft tissue surgeries designed to modify and convert a masculine face to feminine. One’s face plays a very central role in gender incongruence and FFS helps patients overcome this. There are prominent differences between the male and the female facial anatomy (bony and soft tissue) which can be surgically altered to change the visual perception of the face.
Methods The author presents the method used at his center for treating 220 patients of gender incongruence requesting FFS from June 2016 to June 2019. The alterations to known methods of forehead contouring, hairline lowering, and jaw shave adopted by his team are discussed. He also presents the logic of performing the entire FFS in two stages at an interval of 7 to 10 days.
Results A total of 220 cases of FFS are presented, along with surgical details of techniques used, the sequence and staging of procedures performed, and the results obtained. A two-staged approach to FFS is proposed to maximize the recovery and minimize complications and promote faster healing. Different methods of forehead contouring are also explained in detail.
Conclusions FFS is a very rewarding surgery for the plastic surgeon and has high patient satisfaction rate. With proper training in craniomaxillofacial and soft tissue surgery, it is possible for the plastic surgeon to be the main team leader for this procedure. A two-stage approach is highly recommended.
Investigating the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation
Authors: Vaughn Charlotte , Whitty Aubrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The processing fluency hypothesis proposes that listeners’ perceived difficulty processing the speech of L2 speakers
(called comprehensibility/processing fluency) leads them to downgrade those speakers socially. In this
paper, we investigate this relationship, focusing on context-specificity. L1-English listeners provided comprehensibility and social
evaluation ratings of L1-Korean speakers speaking English, while an orthographic depiction of the speech either appeared alongside the audio
or did not, a manipulation aiming to affect comprehensibility. Varying orthography between subjects, Experiment 1 found that orthography
resulted in greater comprehensibility, but not more positive social evaluations. Experiment 2 manipulated orthography within subjects,
varying context: orthography trials were presented first or last. Comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings were related only when
orthography was first, suggesting a conditional, asymmetrical relationship where listeners more readily downgrade than upgrade the same
speaker when orthography changes. Our results highlight the context-dependent nature of these constructs, limiting the generalizability of
the processing fluency hypothesis.
Presenting self and aligning as a team through narratives of victimhood among Kazakh-speaking village neighbors
Authors: Kulbayeva Aisulu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study illustrates how personal narratives of victimized self serve two Kazakh-speaking village neighbors to accomplish self-presentation during a mealtime interaction. Integrating Goffman’s (1959) theorization of self-presentation with narrative positioning (Bamberg, 1997; Schiffrin, 1996) and Muslim cultural practices (e.g., Al Zidjaly, 2006), this study conceptualizes mealtime conversations as frontstage and examines two victimhood narratives after providing the sequential overview of the twelve narratives occurred in the interaction. The analysis illustrates how linguistic construction of agentive and epistemic selves of the narrators position them as victims (whose personal items are stolen) in relation to other neighbors (who do the act of stealing) in the story world. This juxtaposition of “I” vs. “Others” in the story world allows the neighbor-tellers to present an idealized self (morally superior neighbors) and function as a team by getting lower hand and aligning with one another against a third party (morally wrong neighbors) in the interaction.
Adapting to changing concepts of time
Authors: Penz Hermine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Time concepts have been developed throughout human history and different academic disciplines have theorized time. What is more, people’s time regimes have changed through adapting to the introduction of new techniques of production. After discussing changing conceptions of time in the life of human beings the article focuses on a science fiction account of a different view of time represented by aliens in the short story “Story of Your Life” by Ted Chiang (2002). The story features interactions of a linguist (and physicists) with aliens. The paper looks at how the main protagonist slowly adapts to the mode of simultaneous time reflected in the alien’s grammar (which means the simultaneity of past, present and future) when learning their language and analyses how this is represented linguistically in the story.
The reality of technological worldviews
Authors: Kaal Bertie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There appears to be a silent shift in technological discourse, from adapting technology to people’s needs to adapting people’s needs to new technologies. This shift in ‘direction-of-fit’ is effected by spatio-temporal text-world builders. The analysis of a technological article on self-driving cars serves as an example of a discourse-space approach to identifying the fundamental coordinates of worldview construction, involving Space, Time and Attitude. Results allow a critical evaluation of a one-directional heuristic that suggests user benefits. However, the frame-of-reference and point-of-view mask the socio-political consequences of introducing self-driving cars. The analysis reveals the subjective ground of the argument and challenges a self-assertive, dehumanised positivist attitude to technological innovation. It is argued that the spatial nature of worldview construction directs towards desires and intentions for action.