bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drug-related Knowledge and Clinical Skills among Future Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Rajan Sawri , Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: June 2020

Background: The main objective of this study was to determine and compare current drug-related knowledge and clinical skills in terms of medication error identification among future healthcare professionals.
Methods: Study participants were asked to identify errors in three different prescriptions. Around 15 minutes were given to complete the questionnaire without using any references in a classroom setting. The medication error identification rate was calculated based on the number of students that have identified the errors correctly.
Results: Among 225 respondents, significant differences were found between the three groups, i.e. Prescription 1 p=0.001, Prescription 2 p=0.023, Prescription 3 p=0.024. Pharmacy students had higher medication error identification rate compared to medical and nursing students.
Conclusion: Final year pharmacy students were found to have the best drug-related knowledge and clinical skills in terms of medication error identification.
Protein Adsorption on Grafted Zwitterionic Polymers Depends on Chain Density and Molecular Weight
Authors: Ahmed Syeda Tajin , Leckband Deborah E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates that protein adsorption on end‐grafted, zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine) (pSBMA) thin films depends on the grafting density, molecular weight, and ionic strength. Zwitterionic polymers exhibit ultralow nonspecific fouling (protein adsorption) and excellent biocompatibility. This picture contrasts with a recent report that soluble pSBMA chains bind proteins and alter the protein folding stability. To address this apparent contradiction, the dependence of protein adsorption on the chain grafting parameters is investigated: namely, the grafting density, molecular weight, and ionic strength. Studies compared the adsorption of phosphoglycerate kinase and positively charged lysozyme versus the scaled grafting parameters/2RF, wheresis the distance between grafting sites andRFis the Flory radius. Plots of the adsorbed protein amount versuss/2RFexhibit a bell‐shaped curve, with a maximum nears/2RF≈ 1 and an amplitude that decreases with ionic strength. This behavior is qualitatively consistent with theoretical models for colloid interactions with weakly attractive, grafted chains. The results confirm that proteins do adsorb to pSBMA thin films, and they suggest an underlying mechanism. Comparisons with polymer models further identify design rules for pSBMA films that effectively repel protein.
Composition Engineering of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Film for Efficient and Operationally Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Wang Jing , Xue Qifan , Niu Tianqi , Yan Lei , Zhu Zonglong , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCesium‐based inorganic perovskites have recently attracted great research focus due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and thermal stability. However, the operational instability of all‐inorganic perovskites is still a main hindrance for the commercialization. Herein, a facile approach is reported to simultaneously enhance both the efficiency and long‐term stability for all‐inorganic CsPbI2.5Br0.5 perovskite solar cells via inducing excess lead iodide (PbI2) into the precursors. Comprehensive film and device characterizations are conducted to study the influences of excess PbI2 on the crystal quality, passivation effect, charge dynamics, and photovoltaic performance. It is found that excess PbI2 improves the crystallization process, producing high‐quality CsPbI2.5Br0.5 films with enlarged grain sizes, enhanced crystal orientation, and unchanged phase composition. The residual PbI2 at the grain boundaries also provides a passivation effect, which improves the optoelectronic properties and charge collection property in optimized devices, leading to a power conversion efficiency up to 17.1% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.25 V. More importantly, a remarkable long‐term operational stability is also achieved for the optimized CsPbI2.5Br0.5 solar cells, with less than 24% degradation drop at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 420 h.
Spin‐Torque Manipulation for Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: An Hongyu , Haku Satoshi , Kageyama Yuito , Musha Akira , Tazaki Yuya , Ando Kazuya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExternal manipulation of spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) promises not only energy‐efficient spin‐orbitronic devices but also versatile applications of spin‐based technologies in diverse fields. However, the external electric‐field control, widely used in semiconductor spintronics, is known to be ineffective in conventional metallic spin‐orbitronic devices due to the very short screening length. Here, an alternative approach to control the SOTs by using gases is shown. It is demonstrated that the spin‐torque generation efficiency of a Pd/Ni81Fe19 bilayer can be reversibly manipulated by the absorption and desorption of H2 gas, which appears concomitantly with the change of the electrical resistance. It is found that compared with the change of the Pd resistance induced by the H2 absorption, the change of the spin‐torque generation efficiency is almost an order of magnitude larger. This result provides a new method to externally manipulate the SOTs and paves a way for developing more sensitive hydrogen sensors based on the spin‐orbitronic technology.
Dual Interfacial Modification Engineering with 2D MXene Quantum Dots and Copper Sulphide Nanocrystals Enabled High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xu , Xu Wen , Ding Nan , Ji Yanan , Pan Gencai , Zhu Jinyang , Zhou Donglei , Wu Yanjie , Chen Cong , Song Hongwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) strongly depends on the electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite absorber, hole transport layer (HTL), and their interfaces. Herein, the first approach to utilize ultrathin 2D titanium‐carbide MXenes (Ti3C2Tx quantum dots, TQD) by engineering the perovskite/TiO2 ETL interface and perovskite absorber and introducing Cu1.8S nanocrystals to perfect the Spiro‐OMeTAD HTL is represented. A significant hysteresis‐free power conversion efficiency improvement from 18.31% to 21.64% of PSCs is achieved after modifications with the enhanced short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltages, and fill factor. Various advanced characterizations, including femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, elucidate that the TQD/Cu1.8S significantly contribute to the improved crystalline quality of the perovskite film with its large grain size and improved electron/holes extraction efficiencies at perovskite/ETL and perovskite/HTL interfaces. Furthermore, the long‐time ambient and light stability of PSCs are largely boosted through the TQD and/or Cu1.8S nanocrystals doping, originating from the better crystallization of perovskite, suppressing the film aggregation and crystallization of HTL, and inhibiting the ultraviolet‐induced photocatalysis of the ETL. The findings highlight the TQD and Cu1.8S can act as a superfast electrons and holes tunnel for the optoelectronic devices.
Multifunctional STING‐Activating Mn3O4@Au‐dsDNA/DOX Nanoparticle for Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Xiaoyu , Lin Shichao , Cheng Yuan , Zhao Sheng , Lin Junshu , Fang Zhuoyao , Lou Zhangping , Qin Li , Wei Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe promise of immunotherapy for cancer therapy has not been fully fulfilled because portions of tumors are immunosuppressive. To tackle this challenge, the initiation of immune system by stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is explored and multifunctional STING‐activating nanoparticles are rationally designed for synergistic antitumor therapy. The STING‐activating nanoparticles have a formulation of Mn3O4@Au‐dsDNA/DOX, where dsDNA is used to activate STING for immunotherapy and doxorubicin (DOX) is chosen as a model drug for chemotherapy. The STING‐mediated immunity is activated, inducing interferon‐β (IFN‐β) production, increasing T cell priming, and enhancing effector T cell infiltration. Combined with chemotherapy, STING‐mediated immunotherapy shows good antitumor efficacy by inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging survival rate in vivo. The promise of cancer immunotherapy can be fulfilled by combining novel antitumor immunity with innovative nanotechnology, and chemotherapy and targeted therapies.
Schottky‐Contacted Nanowire Sensors
Authors: Meng Jianping , Li Zhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe progress of the Internet‐of‐Things in the past few years has necessitated the support of high‐performance sensors. Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Their progress is reviewed here, based on several kinds of important nanowires, for applications such as bio/chemical sensors, gas sensors, photodetectors, and strain sensors. Although Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors deliver excellent performance in these fields, they can be further improved by various methods, including defect engineering, surface modification, the piezotronic effect, and the piezophototronic effect, all of which are discussed here. With regard to practical applications, further efforts are required to address challenges such as the stability, selectivity, ultrafast response, multifunctionality, flexibility, distributed energy supply, and sustainability of Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors. Finally, future perspectives and solutions are discussed.
Confinement of Dyes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Photostable and Shifted Fluorescence down to the Near Infrared
Authors: Allard Charlotte , Schué Léonard , Fossard Frédéric , Recher Gaëlle , Nascimento Rafaella , Flahaut Emmanuel , Loiseau Annick , Desjardins Patrick , Martel Richard , Gaufrès Etienne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorescence is ubiquitous in life science and used in many fields of research ranging from ecology to medicine. Among the most common fluorogenic compounds, dyes are being exploited in bioimaging for their outstanding optical properties from UV down to the near IR (NIR). However, dye molecules are often toxic to living organisms and photodegradable, which limits the time window for in vivo experiments. Here, it is demonstrated that organic dye molecules are passivated and photostable when they are encapsulated inside a boron nitride nanotube (dyes@BNNT). The results show that the BNNTs drive an aggregation of the encapsulated dyes, which induces a redshifted fluorescence from visible to NIR‐II. The fluorescence remains strong and stable, exempt of bleaching and blinking, over a time scale longer than that of free dyes by more than 104. This passivation also reduces the toxicity of the dyes and induces exceptional chemical robustness, even in harsh conditions. These properties are highlighted in bioimaging where the dyes@BNNT nanohybrids are used as fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo monitoring of Daphnia Pulex microorganisms and for diffusion tracking on human hepatoblastoma cells with two‐photon imaging.
Self‐Aggregation to Construct Hydroxide Highways in Anion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Yang Yinfeng , Fu Na , Dong Qin , Li Meirong , Li Jing , Li Cunpu , Wei Zidong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWell‐organized hydroxide channels are constructed by introducing quaternary ammonium phthalocyanine (QAPc) into anion exchange membranes. A hydroxide conductivity as high as 236.2 mS cm−1@80 °C is successfully achieved by striking a balance between the self‐aggregation advantage and the weak basicity weakness of the QAPc side chains. The strong π–π interaction between QAPc macrocycles is utilized to force the positive charged head groups to aggregate for the formation of hydroxide channels, and trimethylamine (TMA) head groups are added to increase regional OH− mobility. 5 nm hydroxide channels are confirmed by synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscope methods. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation provide further theoretical chemistry evidences for the enhanced OH− transportation mechanism in the QAPc‐containing AEMs.
In Situ Probing Unusual Protein Adsorption Behavior on Electrified Zwitterionic Conducting Polymers
Authors: Wu Jhih‐Guang , Wei Shu‐Chen , Luo Shyh‐Chyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the phenomenon of protein adsorption on electrified conducting polymer‐based electrodes is an important issue in organic bioelectronics. To investigate both specific and nonspecific protein adsorption on electrified electrodes, C‐reactive protein (CRP) binding behavior is measured in situ and is compared with the nonspecific binding of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme on electrified phosphorylcholine‐functionalized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (poly(EDOT‐PC)) by using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM‐D) and an electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM). According to the result of EQCM‐D, an unexpected enhancement is observed in the CRP binding on the electrified poly(EDOT‐PC) when both −0.5 and 0.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) potentials are applied to poly(EDOT‐PC). Furthermore, an EC‐AFM is used to in situ map the surface topography and modulus of poly(EDOT‐PC) under the application of surface potentials. Together with EQCM‐D measurements, the large enhancement of CRP binding can be visualized as the formation of a loose and thick CRP multilayer of low surface modulus, high root‐mean‐square roughness, and high dissipation when a potential of 0.5 V is subjected to poly(EDOT‐PC). It is concluded that the enhancement in CRP binding is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of specific protein recognition and electrostatic interaction between the CRP and poly(EDOT‐PC).
Recent Advances in Bismuth Ion‐Doped Phosphor Materials: Structure Design, Tunable Photoluminescence Properties, and Application in White LEDs
Authors: Dang Peipei , Liu Dongjie , Li Guogang , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBismuth ion is an excellent activator and sensitizer for luminescent materials, which has been extensively studied during the recent decades. Bi3+‐doped phosphors have received considerable attention for their abundant emission colors covering the whole visible light region under ultraviolet (UV) and near ultraviolet (n‐UV) excitation, in flexible crystal structures. These phosphor materials have demonstrated potential applications in solid‐state lighting, display, biomedical, and optical sensing. Herein, the recent advances in the structure design and photoluminescence properties of Bi3+‐doped phosphors together with their white light emitting diode (WLED) applications are reviewed. The design strategies for crystal structure and the discovery of typical phosphors are systematically summarized, and the luminescent properties of Bi3+can be effectively regulated by these strategies. Then, the design of polychromatic Bi3+‐doped phosphors produced by different doping ions is described, which in turn can adjust the emission colors and realize a single‐component white‐light emission. This review will promote researches on the discovery of new Bi3+‐doped phosphor materials, and the design strategies could provide an extensive guidance for the discovery and preparation of high‐efficient phosphors with color‐tunable emission including white‐emission for WLEDs in the future. Additionally, research progress of Bi3+‐doped perovskite and Bi2+‐doped phosphor materials is briefly elucidated.
MnOx Nanospikes as Nanoadjuvants and Immunogenic Cell Death Drugs with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity and Antimetastatic Effect
Authors: Ding Binbin , Zheng Pan , Jiang Fan , Zhao Yajie , Wang Meifang , Chang Mengyu , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread applications of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) in biomedicine, the intrinsic immunogenicity of MONs is still unclear. MnOx nanospikes (NSs) as tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanoadjuvants and immunogenic cell death (ICD) drugs are proposed for cancer nanovaccine‐based immunotherapy. MnOx NSs with large mesoporous structures show ultrahigh loading efficiencies for ovalbumin and tumor cell fragment. The combination of ICD via chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis inductions, as well as antigen stimulations, presents a better synergistic immunopotentiation action. Furthermore, the obtained nanovaccines achieve TME‐responsive magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual‐mode imaging contrasts, while effectively inhibiting primary/distal tumor growth and tumor metastasis.
Reversibly Switching the Charge State and Adsorption Location of A Single Potassium Atom on Ultrathin CuO Films
Authors: Peng Zhantao , Di Bin , Li Wentao , Liu Dan , Wen Xiaojie , Zhu Hao , Song Huanjun , Zhang Yajie , Yin Cen , Zhou Xiong , Wu Kai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPotassium (K) cations are spontaneously formed upon thermal deposition of low‐coverage K onto an ultrathin CuO monolayer grown on Cu(110) and they were explored by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The formed K cations are highly immobile and thermally stable. The local work function around an individual K cation decreases by 1.5±0.3 eV, and a charging zone underneath it is established within about 1.0 nm. The cationic and neutral states of the K atom are switchable upon application of an STM bias voltage pulse, which is simultaneously accompanied by an adsorption site relocation.
Optimized Immobilization Strategy for Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts for C−H Functionalization and Their Implementation in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor
Authors: Hatridge Taylor A. , Liu Wenbin , Yoo Chun‐Jae , Davies Huw M. L. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein we demonstrate a packed bed flow reactor capable of achieving highly regio‐ and stereoselective C−H functionalization reactions using a newly developed Rh2(S‐2‐Cl‐5‐CF3TPCP)4 catalyst. To optimize the immobilized dirhodium catalyst employed in the flow reactor, we systematically study both (i) the effects of ligand immobilization position, demonstrating the critical factor that the catalyst‐support attachment location can have on the catalyst performance, and (ii) silica support mesopore length, demonstrating that decreasing diffusional limitations leads to increased accessibility of the active site and higher catalyst turnover frequency. We employ the immobilized dirhodium catalyst in a simple packed bed flow reactor achieving comparable yields and levels of enantioselectivity to the homogeneous catalyst employed in batch and maintain this performance over ten catalyst recycles.
A promising class of luminescent derivatives of Silver(I) and Gold(I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Jhulki Lalmohan , Purkait Rakesh , Kisan HemantaK. , Bertolasi Valerio , Isab AnvarhuseinA. , Sinha Chittaranjan , Dinda Joydev 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStarting from proligand 1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐iumchloride (1.HCl), 1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine silver(I)chloride, (2) has been prepared. Synthesis, structures and photophysical properties of (2,2/−bipyridyl)‐1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinesilver(I)hexaflurophosphate, (3), 1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinesilver(I)carbazolate, (4) and 1‐methyl‐2‐(phenyl)imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinegold(I)carbazolate, (5) are focused. Herein we have first reported the NHC‐Ag‐(bpy/carbazole). All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic studies and finally screened for luminescent properties. All the complexes are strongly emissive. Solid state structures of 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. Conventionally, complex 2 adopts linear geometry whereas complex 3 embraces triangular planar geometry around Ag; complex 4 and 5 clinches linear geometry around Ag/Au. All the complexes absorb light within 275–343 nm. Complex 3 is luminous at ~407 mn, whereas complex 4 and 5 luminous at ~360 nm having short life time 1.00–6.97 ns. The quantum yield (Φem) of the complexes varies 0.106–0.186. It is expected variation of luminescence arises due to change of metal and the chromophore (bpy/carbazole). Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Temparature Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to verify crystallographically derived parameters and to calculate the UV–Vis properties of the ground state as well as of the first excited state of the complexes.
Influence of valence state of cerium ion on dimethyl carbonate synthesis from methanol and carbon dioxide over CeO2
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Zhao Shuyang , Zhao Yujun , Ma Xinbin , Wang Shengping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relationship between valence state of cerium ion and the catalytic activity for dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis directly from carbon dioxide and methanol was investigated by using four CeO2 catalysts calcined at the different temperatures, which showed different concentrations of Ce4+ analyzed by XPS. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to probe CO2 and methanol adsorption species on ceria surface. With the calcination temperature increasing from 323 to 973 K, the concentration of Ce4+ increased, leading to larger proportion of active methanol adsorptions (Types I and II methoxy) and CO2 adsorptions (bidentate carbonate). Meanwhile, high‐calcination temperature also led to small surface area and more –OH group dehydration, which resulted in the less formation of active Types I and II methoxy and bidentate carbonate. As a result, the ceria calcined at 773 K showed the highest activity and the one calcined at 973 K performed the lowest.
Design, synthesis, evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of indolyl oxoacetamides as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors
Authors: Sridhar S. N. C. , Palawat Saksham , Paul Atish T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of indolyl oxoacetamide analogs was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity using porcine pancreatic lipase (type II) and 4‐nitrophenyl butyrate. Compound 8d exhibited a potent inhibition, with an IC50 value of 4.53 µM, followed by 8c (IC50 = 5.12 µM), compared with the standard drug, orlistat (IC50 = 0.99 µM). Furthermore, analogs 8c and 8d exhibited a reversible competitive inhibition, similar to orlistat. Molecular docking studies of the compounds 7a–f and 8a–f were in agreement with the in vitro results, wherein 8d exhibited a potential MolDock score of −163.052 kcal/mol. A 10‐ns molecular dynamics simulation of 8d complexed with pancreatic lipase confirmed the role of π–π stacking and π–cation interactions with the lid domain and Arg 256, respectively, in stabilizing the ligand at the active site (maximum observed root mean square deviation ≈ 2 Å). The present study led to the identification of novel indolyl oxoacetamides (8a–d) as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitory leads that might further result in enhanced potency through lead optimization.
Two water‐soluble fluorescence probes based on 5(6)‐carboxyl rhodamine for Cu2+ imaging in living cells
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Wang Jun , Jia Ting , Qiu Jianwen , Zhu Hu , Gao Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo novel water‐soluble fluorescence probes T1 and T2 based on 5(6)‐carboxyl rhodamine were designed and synthesized using a regioselective reaction. The probes exhibited highly selective and sensitive recognition toward Cu2+ over other metal ions in acetonitrile/Tris–HCl buffer solution (2:98, v/v; pH 7.4). Detection limits were 0.4 μM for T1 and 4.50 μM for T2 based on fluorescence titration analysis. Furthermore, probe T1 was successfully applied in cell imaging experiments to monitor Cu2+ in cells.