bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El uso de los servicios financieros digitales por parte de las MYPES
Authors: Garay Rodríguez Andrya Miriam , González de Minero Sonia Jeannette 
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to analyze the use that micro and small businesses make of digital platforms in their business activities and how this has accelerated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may allow El Salvador to increase levels of financial inclusion. This article presents an analysis prior to the pandemic, where it was sought to determine the use of digital platforms in the different types of operations framed in business activities and their respective frequency. The method used was deductive, the research being descriptive, with a sample of 218 surveys of micro and small entrepreneurs. This article presents an analysis prior to the pandemic, which sought to determine the use of the platforms digital in the different types of operations framed in business activities and their respective frequency. The method used was deductive, the descriptive research, with a sample of 218 surveys of micro and small entrepreneurs.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 65-74
„Pravé“ verbální trestné činy z nenávisti
Authors: Provazník Jan 
Published: December 2020

Tento článek se zabývá problematikou kriminalizace nenávistných projevů z hlediska právní konstrukce příslušných trestných činů v materii trestního práva hmotného. Jeho cílem je vymezení ucelené koncepce těchto trestných činů na podkladě dvou jejich rysů, které je z hlediska nauky trestního práva hmotného činí poměrně dosti specifickými, a to jejich verbálního charakteru a prvku předsudečné nenávisti, který je v nich obsažen. Tato koncepce je nutným krokem k uvědomění si právní podstaty těchto trestných činů, a tím i předpokladem k jejich hlubší analýze a pochopení. Nejprve se tak článek věnuje pojmu trestných činů z nenávisti, v němž jako kardinální rozlišovací znak vyjadřující jeho podstatu vyzdvihuje tzv. nenávistnou diskriminační pohnutku. Té se dále věnuje blíže a vymezuje její strukturu a prvky, představuje možné přístupy k její konstrukci a dává jí užívané pojmy do souvislostí pro lepší pochopení jejich obsahu a poukazuje na její slabiny. Následně je pozornost zaměřena na konstrukci verbálních trestných činů a analýzu jejich konstitutivních znaků a teoretických souvislostí zakotvujících tento pojem v trestněprávní teorii. Na podkladě výstupů těchto dvou částí je následně představena koncepce trestných činů z nenávisti a verbálních trestných činů a jejich kombinace, na jejímž základě je pak možno rozlišovat trestné činy nepravě z nenávisti, nepravě verbální; pravě z nenávisti, nepravě verbální, nepravě z nenávisti, pravě verbální a pravě z nenávisti, pravě verbální. Výstupy těchto závěrů jsou pak testovány ilustrativním srovnáním se třemi vybranými státy, jimiž je Francie, Německo a Polsko.
La enseñanza de la métrica
Authors: Torre Esteban 
Published: December 2020

Se parte en este trabajo de una regla de oro de la enseñanza, formulada por el filósofo español José Ortega y Gasset en su Misión de la Universidad –no se debe enseñar sino lo que se puede de verdad aprender–, y un consejo del metrista venezolano Andrés Bello en sus Principios de ortología y métrica de la lengua castellana –“conviene que el alumno aprenda a percibir por el oído la medida de los versos”–. Se analizan diversas pautas docentes en el terreno de la ciencia métrica.The point of departure for this study is represented by the golden rule of teaching, formulated by the Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset, in his Mission of the University ‒you should only teach that which can be truly learnt‒, as well as by the piece of advice provided by the Venezuelan metrist, Andrés Bello, in his Principles of Orthology and Meter in Castilian Spanish ‒“what is advisable is that the student learn to perceive the measure of poetic lines by ear”‒. Thereafter, a range of teaching models are analyzed in the field of the science of metrics.
Especies reactivas de oxígeno y su implicación en Biomedicina
Authors: Lozano-Picazo Carmen María , Fernández-Belda Francisco 
Published: December 2020

Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) actúan como regulador intracelular cuando se generan de forma controlada en puntos concretos de la célula. Modifican la función de proteínas mediante la oxidación reversible de cisteínas. Hay quinasas y fosfatasas de proteínas, factores de transcripción y canales iónicos que están regulados por ROS. Estrés oxidativo y daño celular aparecen cuando los mecanismos antioxidantes de protección son incapaces de mantener bajo el nivel intracelular de ROS. En estas condiciones, ROS inducen pérdida de viabilidad celular en patologías degenerativas de corazón y cerebro y promueven proliferación celular ilimitada en procesos tumorales. La alteración de la función mitocondrial juega un papel clave en la generación del estrés oxidativo y por tanto es una diana terapéutica preferente para evitar o aminorar los daños oxidativos producidos por ROS.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular regulator when they are generated under control in specific cell spots. They modify proteins function by cysteine reversible oxidation. There are protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors and ionic channels that are regulated by ROS. Oxidative stress and cell damage arise when the protection antioxidant mechanisms are unable to keep low the intracellular ROS level. Under these conditions, ROS induce cell viability loss in heart and brain degenerative pathologies and promote unlimited cell proliferation in tumor processes. Alteration of the mitochondrial function is a key player in the oxidative stress generation and therefore it is preferential therapeutic target for prevention or attenuation of the ROS-induced oxidative damage.
Helmintos gastrointestinales en liebres (Lepus granatensis) del sureste de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Alonso de Vega Francisco Domingo , Gonzálvez Moisés , Martínez-Carrasco Carlos , Gambín Pablo , Ruiz de Ybáñez María del Rocío 
Published: December 2020

La liebre ibérica (Lepus granatensis) es un mamífero ubicuo en la península ibérica con importantes implicaciones ecológicas y económicas. Para conocer el estatus sanitario de esta especie, se han estudiado la cavidad abdominal y órganos del aparato digestivo de 85 liebres ibéricas procedentes del Altiplano de la Región de Murcia (sureste de España). La prevalencia total de helmintos hallada fue del 87,7%, siendo la prevalencia de nematodos del 82,2%, la de metacestodos del 44,7% y, en el caso de las formas adultas de cestodos, del 5,9%. Las especies de nematodos encontradas fueron Nematodiroides zembrae (78.8%), Passalurus ambiguus (9,4%) y Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (2,4%), en tanto que las especies de cestodos detectadas fueron Cittotaenia denticulata (5,9%) y Cysticercus pisiformis (44,7%). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la existencia de una relación positiva entre la intensidad de parasitación de N. zembrae y la presencia de C. pisiformis.
The abdominal cavity and digestive organs of 85 Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) from the Altiplano of the Region of Murcia (southeastern Spain) were studied. The overall prevalence of helminths was 87.7%, including nematodes (82.2% of prevalence), metacestodes (44.7%) and adult cestodes (5.9%). Three nematode species were found: Nematodiroides zembrae (78.8%), Passalurus ambiguus (9.4%) and Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (2.4%), while two cestode species were detected: Cittotaenia denticulata (5.9%) and Cysticercus pisiformis (44.7%). Our results show a positive relationship between N. zembrae intensity and the presence of C. pisiformis.
ARTE Y MITO: EL PODER FEMENINO-MASCULINO DE LA DIOSA EGIPCIA Y SU RELACIÓN LA DOBLE SEXUALIDAD PSÍQUICA DEL SER HUMANO.
Authors: León-Río Belen 
Published: December 2020

La mitología egipcia refleja un complejo de oposiciones que se relaciona con el carácter bisexual del ser humano a través del poder femenino-masculino de las diosas de la antigüedad, traduciéndose en símbolos universales como la unión de los contrarios o el ser andrógino, símbolos vivos animados por su significado, donde la unión de lo masculino y lo femenino integran nuestra esencia más profunda.
Veremos qué significado tienen estos símbolos que aparecen en todas las tradiciones sagradas, en una búsqueda simbólica tanto interior como exterior y como elevarían nuestros patrones de pensamiento a un nivel arquetípico propiciando la penetración de la fuerza de la diosa en nuestra consciencia, intentando conocer a través de estos procesos las relaciones psicológicas que influyen en el ser humano, siendo su verdadero propósito el descubrimiento de una verdad más profunda, liberándonos de las limitaciones prácticas inmediatas y percibiendo lo mistérico a través de la sublimación del sexo.
Reseña "De vidas y virus.VIH/sida en las culturas hispánicas"
Authors: Cabrera Castro Paula 
Published: December 2020

Reseña del volumen monográfico "De vidas y virus.VIH/sida en las culturas hispánicas" (2019) publicado en la editorial Icaria. MUJERES Y CULTURAS. Ensayos sobre género y sexualidad. A través de 15 artículos académicos, nos adentraremos en las diversas representaciones del virus, tanto en las manifestaciones artísticas de España, como de Latinoamérica, a través de autores y textos escogidos.
Music in the Dark: Soundscapes in Christiane Ritter’s A Woman in The Polar Night
Authors: Maxwell Kate 
Published: December 2020

In A Woman in the Polar Night (Eine Frau erlebt die Polarnacht, 1938), Christiane Ritter, a well-to-do Austrian housewife, describes her experience as the first central European woman to overwinter on Svalbard (1934–35). Ritter’s prose is extraordinary in its lyrical simplicity, and in German editions the text is interspersed with her paintings of the scenes that at first were so alien and changing, yet became so familiar and loved.
Although stationed on the north coast of Svalbard with minimal human contact and without any recourse to the music with which Ritter had been surrounded in Austria, A Woman in the Polar Night is a text that is full of references to sound, natural sounds that are heightened by the absence of human music. This article offers a multimodal reading of Ritter’s depictions of the soundscapes of Svalbard in her memoir and shows how, 30 years before John Cage made the art world do it for 4 minutes and 33 seconds, Christiane Ritter spent 12 months listening to silence, and responding to it in words and paintings. In addition, the paper will also consider the silence of the text: what is not presented, but left to the reader’s imagination.
Conceptualizing the North
Authors: Maxwell Kate , Mittner Lilli , Hammer Stien Hanne 
Published: December 2020

In this article that opens and introduces the special issue Conceptualizing the North, we present our theoretical rationale behind the conceptualization(s) of the north presented both in our article and in the issue as a whole, as well as our approach to the co-creative peer review. Through new material feminist understanding of the north, we acknowledge our kin both past and present, and unfold a spectrum of possible understandings by looking at, reading through, hearing, experiencing, and sensing the north. Ultimately, the issue unites, rather than divides, scholarly and artistic approaches that simultaneously conceptualize and analyse the north.
Detailed Balance Broken by Catch Bond Kinetics Enables Mechanical‐Adaptation in Active Materials
Authors: Tabatabai Alan Pasha , Seara Daniel S. , Tibbs Joseph , Yadav Vikrant , Linsmeier Ian , Murrell Michael P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnlike nearly all engineered materials which contain bonds that weaken under load, biological materials contain “catch” bonds which are reinforced under load. Consequently, materials, such as the cell cytoskeleton, can adapt their mechanical properties in response to their state of internal, non‐equilibrium (active) stress. However, how large‐scale material properties vary with the distance from equilibrium is unknown, as are the relative roles of active stress and binding kinetics in establishing this distance. Through course‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, the effect of breaking of detailed balance by catch bonds on the accumulation and dissipation of energy within a model of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is explored. It is found that the extent to which detailed balance is broken uniquely determines a large‐scale fluid‐solid transition with characteristic time‐reversal symmetries. The transition depends critically on the strength of the catch bond, suggesting that active stress is necessary but insufficient to mount an adaptive mechanical response.
Ternary Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment by Heparanase‐Sensitive Micelle‐Loaded Monocytes Improves Chemo‐Immunotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Lang Tianqun , Zheng Zhong , Huang Xin , Liu Yiran , Zhai Yihui , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping , Yin Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTumor immunotherapy approaches such as programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) checkpoint blockade and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition are proven to promote immune response against tumors. Unfortunately, their positive response rates are unsatisfactory due to complicated immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which can probably be rescued by integrating multiple immunoregulators and chemotherapeutic agents together. To improve the combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer, a ternary heparanase (Hpa)‐sensitive micelle‐loaded monocyte delivery system, termed as HDNH@MC, is designed, exploiting the capacity of Ly6Chi monocytes to be recruited to tumor sites and the overexpression of Hpa in tumors. The prodrugs of the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel and IDO inhibitor NLG919 are synthesized by conjugating them on the substrate of Hpa, heparan sulfate. Then the PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor HY19991‐encapsulating prodrug micelle@Ly6Chi monocyte system is prepared. HNDH@MC elevates drug concentrations and relieves immunosuppression in tumors of 4T1 breast carcinomas mice model, thus enhancing the infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells and presenting significant anti‐cancer effect. The lung metastasis is suppressed and the survival of mice is prolonged. HNDH@MC will be a promising option for treating metastatic breast cancer by synergy of tumor‐targeting chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
In Operando Modulation of Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions Comprising Reconfigurable Molecular Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Qiu Xinkai , Rousseva Sylvia , Ye Gang , Hummelen Jan C. , Chiechi Ryan C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reconfiguration of molecular tunneling junctions during operation via the self‐assembly of bilayers of glycol ethers is described. Well‐established functional groups are used to modulate the magnitude and direction of rectification in assembled tunneling junctions by exposing them to solutions containing different glycol ethers. Variable‐temperature measurements confirm that rectification occurs by the expected bias‐dependent tunneling–hopping mechanism for these functional groups and that glycol ethers, besides being an unusually efficient tunneling medium, behave similarly to alkanes. Memory bits are fabricated from crossbar junctions prepared by injecting eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn) into microfluidic channels. The states of two 8‐bit registers were set by trains of droplets such that they are able to perform logical AND operations on bit strings encoded into chemical packets that alter the composition of the crossbar junctions through self‐assembly to effect memristor‐like properties. This proof‐of‐concept work demonstrates the potential for fieldable devices based on molecular tunneling junctions comprising self‐assembled monolayers and bilayers.
Interspecific crosses between domestic and wild barley and embryo rescue to overcome sexual incompatibilities
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah H. , Morrison Jesse I. , Baldwin Brian S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreased salinity from irrigation and poor drainage has led to reduced production in semi‐arid and arid irrigated areas of the world. The narrow genetic variation among domestic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes slows progress in developing varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. A wild barley relative (H. bulbosum L.) is a genetic resource with tolerance to multiple stress conditions, especially salinity. New germplasm added to the USDA barley collection allows novel breeding opportunities. However, crosses between these species require embryo rescue. Crosses were made between diploid and tetraploidized domestic barley ♀ and tetraploid bulbous barley ♂. Immature embryos were rescued and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Gamborg's B‐5 (B‐5) media (no plant growth regulators, PGRs). Analysis of variance of families showed significant effects for the genotype × medium interactions, indicating each genotype responded to each medium type independently. Significant effects were observed for some traits due to both genotype and medium; and significant effects between media for some traits were observed indicating that those traits were affected by media type. Murashige and Skoog was found to be the better medium for most crosses compared to B‐5. Generally, results from this study indicated that it is difficult to draw broad conclusions about the most suitable medium composition for a broad spectrum of genotypes due to individual genotypes responding differently to the media type. Subsequent manuscripts by these authors will address the success of fertile crossed progeny.
Agronomic performance of pearl millet genotypes under variable phosphorus, water, and environmental regimes
Authors: Halilou Oumarou , Assefa Yared , Falalou Hamidou , Abdou Harou , Achirou Bacharou F. , Karami Sadissou M. A. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWater and P deficiency can significantly limit pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] productivity and response to N application in the arid and semi‐arid regions of Africa. The objectives of this research were to quantify the responses of improved pearl millet genotypes and a landrace to contrasting rainfall gradient and P deficient soil conditions across different locations in Niger. The study was conducted at four locations: (a) Tara, (b) the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) research station at Sadoré, (c) Maradi, and (d) Araourayé, Niger, during 2015 and 2016 rainy seasons. Results of the study indicated that the effect of P fertilizer application on shoot weight, panicle weight, grain yield, and harvest index was different by environment (year × location). As high as 113% straw yield, 72% panicle weight, and 100% grain yield advantage was obtained with P application over low P in favorable environments. Across all genotypes and in both P treatments, irrigation had a consistent effect on the agronomic performance. On average, there was significantly greater straw yield (629 vs. 492 g m–2), panicle weight (472 vs. 229 g m–2), grain yield (257 vs. 122 g m–2), and harvest index (0.25 vs. 0.15) in the irrigated site compared with rainfed sites. Among the tested genotypes, Mil de Siaka showed relatively consistent performance in irrigated, water deficit, and P deficient conditions, emerging as an ideal candidate for inclusion into pearl millet breeding programs, aimed toward developing multi‐stress tolerant pearl millet varieties.
Experimental investigation and statistical analysis of additively manufactured onyx‐carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Piramanayagam Sethu Ramalingam , Kalimuthu Mayandi , Nagarajan Rajini , Abdul Karim Sait Abdul Munaf , Krishnamoorthy Rajesh Kanna , Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi , Siengchin Suchart , Mohammad Faruq , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAvailability of additive manufacturing has influenced the scientific community to improve on production and versatility of the components created with several associated technologies. Adding multiple substances through superimposing levels is considered as a part of three‐dimensional (3D) printing innovations to produce required products. These technologies are experiencing an increase in development nowadays. It requires frequently adding substance and has capacity to fabricate extremely complex geometrical shapes. However, the fundamental issues with this advancement include alteration of capacity to create special products with usefulness and properties at an economically viable price. In this study, significant procedural parameters: layer designs/ patterns (hexagonal, rectangular and triangular) and infill densities (30%, 40%, and 50%) were considered to investigate into their effects on mechanical behaviors off fused deposition modeling or 3D‐printed onyx‐carbon fiber reinforced composite specimens, using a high‐end 3D printing machine. Mechanical (tensile and impact) properties of the printed specimens were conclusively analyzed. From the results obtained, it was observed that better qualities were achieved with an increased infill density, and rectangular‐shaped design exhibited an optimum or maximum tensile strength and energy absorption rate, when compared with other counterparts. The measurable relapse conditions were viably evolved to anticipate the real mechanical qualities with an accuracy of 96.4%. In comparison with other patterns, this was more closely predicted in the rectangular design, using regression models. The modeled linear regression helps to define the association of two dependent variables linked with properties of the dissimilar composite material natures. The models can further predict response of the quantities before and also guide practical applications.
Reactions of ClF3 with Main Group and Transition Metal Oxides: Access to Dioxychloronium(V) Fluoridometallates and Oxidofluoridometallates
Authors: Scheibe Benjamin , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompounds containing the dioxychloronium cation, [ClO2]+, were obtained from reactions of ClF3 with various oxides such as TiO2, MoO3, Re2O7, SnO, P2O5, As2O5, and Nb metal, as the latter contained oxide as an impurity. Partial hydrolysis of [ClF2][IrF6] led to the formation of [ClO2][IrF6]. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which showed that depending on the starting material [ClO2]+ salts with the fluoridometallate anions [TiF3/2F3/1]2]−, [Nb3F16]−, [IrF6]−, [SnF2/2F4/1]− [PF6]−, and [AsF6]−, or with the oxidofluoridometallate anions [Mo3O3F13]− and [Re3O6F10]−, were obtained. Bent [ClO2]+ cations with short Cl ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ μ−F contacts of surrounding F atoms of the anions with the Cl atom are present in the crystal structures, leading to coordination numbers of 2+4 or 2+6 for the Cl atom. Various structural motifs are observed, which range from molecular, columnar, ladder‐like, to layer and framework structures. The salts were furthermore characterized by Raman spectroscopy and solid‐state quantum‐chemical calculations. Covalent Cl−O bonds and ionic Cl ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ μ−F interactions are indicated by the calculations.
Metal Free Phosphorus Butterfly Compounds
Authors: Scalambra Franco , Romerosa Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal‐free organophosphorus are demanded compounds due to their interesting properties in a variety of applications, spanning from fine to material chemistry. Unfortunately, their synthesis is very challenging, requiring a precise design of the reaction conditions to avoid the conspicuous formation of undesired products. The P‐butterfly scaffold is considered the very first opening step of the white phosphorus tetrahedron upon selective cleavage of just one P−P bond. While the synthesis of metal‐containing P‐butterflies is nowadays reproducible with a variety of transition metal complexes, the metal‐free analogues are still elusive and just a limited number of examples is described in the literature. The state of art on known metal‐free phosphorus butterfly compounds is described herein.