bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between haemoglobin A1c and mortality rate in the KORA S4 and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall population‐based cohort studies
Authors: Kowall Bernd , Rathmann Wolfgang , Kuß Oliver , Herder Christian , Roden Michael , Stang Andreas , Erbel Raimund , Huth Cornelia , Thorand Barbara , Meisinger Christa , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Peters Annette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge about mortality risk in persons with increased haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels below the diabetes threshold. Moreover, little is known about how associations between increased HbA1c and mortality depend on the length of follow‐up. Therefore, we studied associations between HbA1c and mortality over long‐term follow‐up in persons with and without known diabetes.MethodsWe used data from two German population‐based cohort studies: KORA S4 Study (Southern Germany, n = 1458, baseline visits in 1999 to 2001, baseline age 55 to 74 years, mortality follow‐up 16.8 years) and Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) Study (Ruhr area, n = 4613, baseline visits in 2000 to 2003, baseline age 45 to 75 years, mortality follow‐up 17.8 years). Adjusted log‐linear models were fitted to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsIn both cohorts, participants with HbA1c 39 to 41 mmol/mol (5.7%‐5.9%) and HbA1c 42 to 46 mmol/mol (6.0% to 6.4%) did not have a larger overall mortality risk than participants with HbA1c < 39 mmol/mol (5.7%): the corresponding adjusted RRs were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.83‐1.21) and 1.01 (0.80‐1.27) in KORA and 0.99 (0.82‐1.21) and 0.83 (0.65‐1.07) in the HNR Study. For the pooled cohorts, the RR for HbA1c 39 to 46 mmol/mol (5.7%‐6.4%) was 0.96 (0.85‐1.07). Associations between newly detected diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) and mortality were weak after 4 and 8 years of follow‐up, but were stronger after 12 years of follow‐up, whereas associations between previously known diabetes (baseline) and mortality decreased.ConclusionsHbA1c‐defined pre‐diabetes is not associated with overall mortality. For newly detected and previously known diabetes, mortality risks vary with length of follow‐up.
Detection of bioactive peptides including gonadotrophin‐releasing factors (GnRHs) in horse urine using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS)
Authors: Kwok Karen Y. , Choi Timmy L. S. , Kwok Wai Him , Lau Ming Yip , Leung Elvis M. K. , Leung Gary N. W. , Wong Jenny K. Y. , Wan Terence S. M. , Adrian Farrington F. , Prabhu Anil , Ho Emmie N. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of bioactive peptides as a doping agent in both human and animal sports has become increasingly popular in recent years. As such, methods to control the misuse of bioactive peptides in equine sports have received attention. This paper describes a sensitive accurate mass method for the detection of 40 bioactive peptides and two non‐peptide growth hormone secretagogues (< 2 kDa) at low pg/mL levels in horse urine using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS). A simple mixed‐mode cation exchange solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was employed for the extraction of 42 targets and/or their in vitro metabolites from horse urine. The final extract was analyzed using UHPLC/HRMS in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode under both full scan and data independent acquisition (DIA, for MS2). The estimated limits of detection (LoD) for most of the targets could reach down to 10 pg/mL in horse urine. This method was validated for qualitative detection purposes. The validation data, including method specificity, method sensitivity, extraction recovery, method precision, and matrix effect were reported. A thorough in vitro study was also performed on four gonadotrophin‐releasing factors (GnRHs), namely leuprorelin, buserelin, goserelin, and nafarelin, using the S9 fraction isolated from horse liver. The identified in vitro metabolites have been incorporated into the method for controlling the misuse of GnRHs. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by the identification of leuprorelin and one of its metabolites, Leu M4, in urine obtained after intramuscular administration of leuprorelin to a thoroughbred gelding (castrated horse).
Intraspecific genetic variation of a Fagus sylvatica population in a temperate forest derived from airborne imaging spectroscopy time series
Authors: Czyż Ewa A. , Guillén Escribà Carla , Wulf Hendrik , Tedder Andrew , Schuman Meredith C. , Schneider Fabian D. , Schaepman Michael E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The growing pace of environmental change has increased the need for large‐scale monitoring of biodiversity. Declining intraspecific genetic variation is likely a critical factor in biodiversity loss, but is especially difficult to monitor: assessments of genetic variation are commonly based on measuring allele pools, which requires sampling of individuals and extensive sample processing, limiting spatial coverage. Alternatively, imaging spectroscopy data from remote platforms may hold the potential to reveal genetic structure of populations. In this study, we investigated how differences detected in an airborne imaging spectroscopy time series correspond to genetic variation within a population of Fagus sylvatica under natural conditions.

We used multi‐annual APEX (Airborne Prism Experiment) imaging spectrometer data from a temperate forest located in the Swiss midlands (Laegern, 47°28'N, 8°21'E), along with microsatellite data from F. sylvatica individuals collected at the site. We identified variation in foliar reflectance independent of annual and seasonal changes which we hypothesize is more likely to correspond to stable genetic differences. We established a direct connection between the spectroscopy and genetics data by using partial least squares (PLS) regression to predict the probability of belonging to a genetic cluster from spectral data.

We achieved the best genetic structure prediction by using derivatives of reflectance and a subset of wavebands rather than full‐analyzed spectra. Our model indicates that spectral regions related to leaf water content, phenols, pigments, and wax composition contribute most to the ability of this approach to predict genetic structure of F. sylvatica population in natural conditions.

This study advances the use of airborne imaging spectroscopy to assess tree genetic diversity at canopy level under natural conditions, which could overcome current spatiotemporal limitations on monitoring, understanding, and preventing genetic biodiversity loss imposed by requirements for extensive in situ sampling.
B‐type natriuretic peptide is associated with post‐discharge stroke in hospitalized patients with heart failure
Authors: Hotsuki Yu , Sato Yu , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Watanabe Koichiro , Kimishima Yusuke , Kiko Takatoyo , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Abe Satoshi , Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsRecently, B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been attracting attention as a predictor of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation or those with prior stroke experience. However, the association between BNP and stroke has not been examined in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In the current study, we assessed whether BNP is associated with future occurrence of stroke in patients with CHF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively studied 1803 consecutive patients who were admitted for decompensated HF and assessed the predictive value of circulating BNP levels for occurrence of post‐discharge stroke.A total of 69 (3.8%) patients experienced a stroke (the stroke group) during the post‐discharge follow‐up period of a median of 1150 days. The stroke group showed a higher CHADS2 score. With respect to past medical history, the stroke group had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, prior stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Echocardiographic parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, BNP levels were significantly higher in the stroke group than in the non‐stroke group (452.1 vs. 222.7 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that BNP levels were independently associated with post‐discharge stroke (hazard ratio 2.636, 95% confidence interval 1.595–4.357, P < 0.001). The survival classification and regression tree analysis revealed that the accurate cut‐off point of BNP in predicting post‐discharge stroke was 187.7 pg/mL. We added high BNP level (BNP ≥ 180 pg/mL) as one point to CHADS2 score. The BNP‐added CHADS2 score was compared with CHADS2 score alone by using c‐statistics. The areas under the curve of CHADS2 score, BNP, and BNP‐added CHADS2 score were 0.698, 0.616, and 0.723, respectively. The predictive value of BNP‐added CHADS2 score was higher compared with those of CHADS2 score (P = 0.026).ConclusionsThe assessment of BNP may predict the occurrence of stroke in CHF patients used alone or in combination with established CHADS2 score.
Investigating the oxidation state of Fe from LiFePO4‐based lithium ion battery cathodes via capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hanf Lenard , Diehl Marcel , Kemper Lea‐Sophie , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet/visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy for iron speciation in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. The complexation of Fe2+ with 1,10‐phenantroline (o‐phen) and of Fe3+ with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) revealed effective stabilization of both iron species during sample preparation and CE measurements. For the investigation of small electrolyte volumes from LIB cells, a sample buffer with optimal sample pH was developed to inhibit precipitation of Fe3+ during complexation of Fe2+ with o‐phen. However, the presence of the conducting salt lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in the electrolyte led to the precipitation of the complex [Fe(o‐phen)3](PF6)2. Addition of acetonitrile (ACN) to the sample successfully re‐dissolved this Fe2+‐complex to retain the quantification of both species. Further optimization of the method successfully prevented the oxidation of dissolved Fe2+ with ambient oxygen during sample preparation, by previously stabilizing the sample with HCl or by working under counterflow of argon. Following dissolution experiments with the positive electrode material LiFePO4 (LFP) in LIB electrolytes under dry room conditions at 20°C and 60°C mainly revealed iron dissolution at elevated temperatures due to the formation of acidic electrolyte decomposition products. Despite the primary oxidation state of iron in LFP of +2, both iron species were detected in the electrolytes that derive from oxidation of dissolved Fe2+ by remaining molecular oxygen in the sample vials during the dissolution experiments.
Incorporation of technical, human and organizational risks in a dynamic probabilistic fire risk model for high‐rise residential buildings
Authors: Tan Samson , Weinert Darryl , Joseph Paul , Moinuddin Khalid A. M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWhile probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is an explicit methodology for complying with the performance requirements of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) or similar codes, it traditionally focuses only on technical risks of fire safety systems in a building. There are growing concerns that performance‐based fire engineering designs underestimate safety risk levels in high‐rise residential buildings. Existing fire risk models account for failures of technical systems but ignore human and organizational errors (HOEs) and the complex interactions among these variables. Probabilistic models in other applications, such as offshore platforms and nuclear plants, demonstrate the importance of HOE inclusion in risk models and the resulting impacts on overall risk. This paper proposes a comprehensive technical‐human‐organizational risk (T‐H‐O‐Risk) methodology to enhance the PRA approach by quantifying human and organizational risks in a probabilistic model using Bayesian Network (BN) analysis of HOEs and System Dynamics (SD) modelling for dynamic characterization of risk variations over time. While risk modelling itself is not novel, the current research develops unique and specific enhancements to existing risk approaches by integrating HOE risks with technical risks in a comprehensive dynamic and probabilistic model for high‐rise residential buildings. Three case studies are conducted to demonstrate the application of this comprehensive approach to the designs of various high‐rise residential buildings ranging from 18 to 24 storeys. Societal risks are represented in F‐N curves. Results show that in general, fire safety designs that do not consider HOEs underestimate overall risks generally by~20%—and can reach up to 42% in an extreme case. Furthermore, risks over time due to HOEs vary by as much as 30% over a 10‐year period. A sensitivity analysis indicates that deficient training, poor safety culture and ineffective emergency plans have significant impact on overall risk.
Automated classification of depression from structural brain measures across two independent community‐based cohorts
Authors: Stolicyn Aleks , Harris Mathew A. , Shen Xueyi , Barbu Miruna C. , Adams Mark J. , Hawkins Emma L. , de Nooij Laura , Yeung Hon Wah , Murray Alison D. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Steele J. Douglas , McIntosh Andrew M. , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been the subject of many neuroimaging case–control classification studies. Although some studies report accuracies ≥80%, most have investigated relatively small samples of clinically‐ascertained, currently symptomatic cases, and did not attempt replication in larger samples. We here first aimed to replicate previously reported classification accuracies in a small, well‐phenotyped community‐based group of current MDD cases with clinical interview‐based diagnoses (from STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally cohort, ‘STRADL’). We performed a set of exploratory predictive classification analyses with measures related to brain morphometry and white matter integrity. We applied three classifier types—SVM, penalised logistic regression or decision tree—either with or without optimisation, and with or without feature selection. We then determined whether similar accuracies could be replicated in a larger independent population‐based sample with self‐reported current depression (UK Biobank cohort). Additional analyses extended to lifetime MDD diagnoses—remitted MDD in STRADL, and lifetime‐experienced MDD in UK Biobank. The highest cross‐validation accuracy (75%) was achieved in the initial current MDD sample with a decision tree classifier and cortical surface area features. The most frequently selected decision tree split variables included surface areas of bilateral caudal anterior cingulate, left lingual gyrus, left superior frontal, right precentral and paracentral regions. High accuracy was not achieved in the larger samples with self‐reported current depression (53.73%), with remitted MDD (57.48%), or with lifetime‐experienced MDD (52.68–60.29%). Our results indicate that high predictive classification accuracies may not immediately translate to larger samples with broader criteria for depression, and may not be robust across different classification approaches.
Intravital Dynamic and Correlative Imaging of Mouse Livers Reveals Diffusion‐Dominated Canalicular and Flow‐Augmented Ductular Bile Flux
Authors: Vartak Nachiket , Guenther Georgia , Joly Florian , Damle‐Vartak Amruta , Wibbelt Gudrun , Fickel Jörns , Jörs Simone , Begher‐Tibbe Brigitte , Friebel Adrian , Wansing Kasimir , Ghallab Ahmed , Rosselin Marie , Boissier Noemie , Vignon‐Clementel Irene , Hedberg Christian , Geisler Fabian , Hofer Heribert , Jansen Peter , Hoehme Stefan , Drasdo Dirk , Hengstler Jan G. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Small‐molecule flux in tissue microdomains is essential for organ function, but knowledge of this process is scant due to the lack of suitable methods. We developed two independent techniques that allow the quantification of advection (flow) and diffusion in individual bile canaliculi and in interlobular bile ducts of intact livers in living mice, namely fluorescence loss after photoactivation and intravital arbitrary region image correlation spectroscopy.

Approach and Results
The results challenge the prevailing “mechano‐osmotic” theory of canalicular bile flow. After active transport across hepatocyte membranes, bile acids are transported in the canaliculi primarily by diffusion. Only in the interlobular ducts is diffusion augmented by regulatable advection. Photoactivation of fluorescein bis‐(5‐carboxymethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl)‐ether in entire lobules demonstrated the establishment of diffusive gradients in the bile canalicular network and the sink function of interlobular ducts. In contrast to the bile canalicular network, vectorial transport was detected and quantified in the mesh of interlobular bile ducts.

Conclusions
The liver consists of a diffusion‐dominated canalicular domain, where hepatocytes secrete small molecules and generate a concentration gradient and a flow‐augmented ductular domain, where regulated water influx creates unidirectional advection that augments the diffusive flux.
Concerns about vitamin D and sun exposure behaviour among Australians
Authors: Tabbakh Tamara , Wakefield Melanie , Dobbinson Suzanne J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssues AddressedAustralians’ concerns about vitamin D and influence on sun protection were last quantified a decade ago in Queensland amidst media attention on emerging evidence of non‐skeletal benefits of vitamin D. Meanwhile these circumstances persist and impact is worth assessing.MethodsMeasures of concern about vitamin D were included in three recent population‐based cross‐sectional surveys of Australians’ sun‐related behaviours during summer months (2010‐2011, 2013‐2014 and 2016‐2017). We analysed characteristics, beliefs and behaviours associated with vitamin D concerns regarding regular sunscreen use among adults in 2016‐2017 (N = 3614).ResultsConcerns about vitamin D continued to persist among adults surveyed between 2010‐2011 and 2016‐2017. Vitamin D concerns regarding the sunscreen use were more common among women, older respondents and adults with skin that tans or is not susceptible to sunburn. Respondents concerned about vitamin D were more likely to exhibit pro‐tanning beliefs, scepticism about sunscreen safety and have attempted a suntan. They were also less likely to use sun protection in everyday activities outdoors and less likely to use sunscreen on summer weekends.ConclusionsVitamin D concerns related to sunscreen use remained common among Australian adults. Skin cancer control advocates may be reassured that those with the greatest skin cancer risk (burn only) were less likely to hold these concerns, while the related infrequent sun protection and tanning among concerned adults are problematic.So What?Continued education and research is needed to ensure that the general public understand the risks and benefits of sun exposure in Australia.
Good clinical practice advice for the management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 in Nigeria
Authors: Okunade Kehinde S. , Makwe Christian C. , Akinajo Opeyemi R. , Owie Emmanuel , Ohazurike Ephraim O. , Babah Ochuwa A. , Okunowo Adeyemi A. , Omisakin Sunday I. , Oluwole Ayodeji A. , Olamijulo Joseph A. , Adegbola Omololu , Anorlu Rose I. , Afolabi Bosede B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact on healthcare services in settings with under‐resourced health systems, such as Nigeria, is likely to be substantial in the coming months due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and maternity services still need to be prioritized as an essential core health service. The healthcare system should ensure the provision of safe and quality care to women during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth, and at the same time, maternity care providers including obstetricians and midwives must be protected and prioritized to continue providing care to childbearing women and their babies during the pandemic. This practical guideline was developed for the management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 in Nigeria and other low‐resource countries.
Effect of two types of irrigation on growth, yield and water productivity of maize under different irrigation treatments in an arid environment
Authors: Rasool Ghulam , Guo Xiangping , Wang Zhenchang , Ullah Ikram , Chen Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe experiments were carried out to study the behaviour of deficit drip irrigation based on the actual evapotranspiration (ETC) at 100, 90, 75 and 60% of ETC respectively, and a separate furrow irrigation, on maize growth components, yield, water productivity and crop production function. The experiments were conducted under a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest (407 and 275 mm) and lowest (244 and 165 mm) values of ETC were recorded under I1.00 and I0.60 for drip irrigation for two growing seasons. Compared with the furrow irrigation treatment, water savings of 33.3–60.0 and 33.4–60.0% were found under drip irrigation treatments. The highest grain yield was observed under I1.00: 10 100 and 9940 kg ha−1 for two growing seasons, respectively. All the drip irrigation treatments significantly increased the grain yield when compared to the furrow irrigation method. However, a better response factor was observed under I75 for both years. It was also noted that all the growth and grain yield components were significantly affected by the different water deficits under drip irrigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensing mechanism elucidation of a europium(III) metal–organic framework selective to aniline: A theoretical insight by means of multiconfigurational calculations
Authors: Hidalgo‐Rosa Yoan , Treto‐Suárez Manuel A. , Schott Eduardo , Zarate Ximena , Páez‐Hernández Dayán 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA theoretical procedure, via quantum chemical computations, to elucidate the detection principle of the turn‐off luminescence mechanism of an Eu‐based Metal‐Organic Framework sensor (Eu‐MOF) selective to aniline, is accomplished. The energy transfer channels that take place in the Eu‐MOF, as well as understanding the luminescence quenching by aniline, were investigated using the well‐known and accurate multiconfigurational ab initio methods along with sTD‐DFT. Based on multireference calculations, the sensitization pathway from the ligand (antenna) to the lanthanide was assessed in detail, that is, intersystem crossing (ISC) from the S1 to the T1 state of the ligand, with subsequent energy transfer to the 5D0 state of Eu3+. Finally, emission from the 5D0 state to the 7FJ state is clearly evidenced. Otherwise, the interaction of Eu‐MOF with aniline produces a mixture of the electronic states of both systems, where molecular orbitals on aniline now appear in the active space. Consequently, a stabilization of the T1 state of the antenna is observed, blocking the energy transfer to the 5D0 state of Eu3+, leading to a non‐emissive deactivation. Finally, in this paper, it was demonstrated that the host‐guest interactions, which are not taken frequently into account by previous reports, and the employment of high‐level theoretical approaches are imperative to raise new concepts that explain the sensing mechanism associated to chemical sensors.