bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting of Immune Cells with Trimannosylated Liposomes
Authors: Wagener Karolin , Bros Matthias , Krumb Matthias , Langhanki Jens , Pektor Stefanie , Worm Matthias , Schinnerer Meike , Montermann Evelyn , Miederer Matthias , Frey Holger , Opatz Till , Rösch Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are a compelling target in cancer immunotherapy as they initialize strong antigen‐specific immune responses. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as liposomes provide the opportunity to deliver antigens and immunostimulatory molecules to DCs, which in turn initiate an antigen‐specific immune response. To address predominantly DCs, DDSs need to be equipped with targeting moieties. This study evaluates liposomes, bearing the oligosaccharide trimannose on their surface, for their ability to address DCs in vitro and in vivo. Trimannose as a saccharidic structure is known to be recognized by receptors on the surface of DCs. To obtain trimannosylated liposomes, azide‐bearing trimannose is coupled to alkyne‐functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) with a bis(hexadecyl)glycerol (BisHD) anchor in a Cu(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). To enable tracking of the liposomes in vivo, the trimannosylated BisHD‐hbPG lipids are radiolabeled with 18F in a CuAAC. Subsequently, liposomes are produced via the thin‐film hydration method followed by extrusion. The behavior of the trimannosylated liposomes is evaluated in in vitro cell binding assays and in vivo µPET and ex vivo biodistribution studies in healthy C57BL/6 mice and the results are compared to similar liposomes not bearing trimannose on their surface.
High Color Purity Lead‐Free Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Sn Stabilization
Authors: Liang Hongyan , Yuan Fanglong , Johnston Andrew , Gao Congcong , Choubisa Hitarth , Gao Yuan , Wang Ya‐Kun , Sagar Laxmi Kishore , Sun Bin , Li Peicheng , Bappi Golam , Chen Bin , Li Jun , Wang Yunkun , Dong Yitong , Ma Dongxin , Gao Yunan , Liu Yongchang , Yuan Mingjian , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are now approaching the upper limits of external quantum efficiency (EQE); however, their application is currently limited by reliance on lead and by inadequate color purity. The Rec. 2020 requires Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.708, 0.292) for red emitters, but present‐day perovskite devices only achieve (0.71, 0.28). Here, lead‐free PeLEDs are reported with color coordinates of (0.706, 0.294)—the highest purity reported among red PeLEDs. The variation of the emission spectrum is also evaluated as a function of temperature and applied potential, finding that emission redshifts by <3 nm under low temperature and by <0.3 nm V−1 with operating voltage. The prominent oxidation pathway of Sn is identified and this is suppressed with the aid of H3PO2. This strategy prevents the oxidation of the constituent precursors, through both its moderate reducing properties and through its forming complexes with the perovskite that increase the energetic barrier toward Sn oxidation. The H3PO2 additionally seeds crystal growth during film formation, improving film quality. PeLEDs are reported with an EQE of 0.3% and a brightness of 70 cd m−2; this is the record among reported red‐emitting, lead‐free PeLEDs.
Implementing a Two‐Photon Three‐Degrees‐of‐Freedom Hyper‐Parallel Controlled Phase Flip Gate Through Cavity‐Assisted Interactions
Authors: Wei Hai‐Rui , Liu Wen‐Qiang , Chen Ning‐Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHyper‐parallel quantum information processing is a promising and beneficial research field. Herein, a method to implement a hyper‐parallel controlled‐phase‐flip (hyper‐CPF) gate for frequency‐, spatial‐, and time‐bin‐encoded qubits by coupling flying photons to trapped nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect centers is presented. The scheme, which differs from their conventional parallel counterparts, is specifically advantageous in decreasing against the dissipate noise, increasing the quantum channel capacity, and reducing the quantum resource overhead. The gate qubits with frequency, spatial, and time‐bin degrees of freedom (DOF) are immune to quantum decoherence in optical fibers, whereas the polarization photons are easily disturbed by the ambient noise.
C−H Bond Activation by an Imido Cobalt(III) and the Resulting Amido Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Reckziegel Alexander , Pietzonka Clemens , Kraus Florian , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe 3d‐metal mediated nitrene transfer is under intense scrutiny due to its potential as an atom economic and ecologically benign way for the directed amination of (un)functionalised C−H bonds. Here we present the isolation and characterisation of a rare, trigonal imido cobalt(III) complex, which bears a rather long cobalt–imido bond. It can cleanly cleave strong C−H bonds with a bond dissociation energy of up to 92 kcal mol−1 in an intermolecular fashion, unprecedented for imido cobalt complexes. This resulted in the amido cobalt(II) complex [Co(hmds)2(NHtBu)]−. Kinetic studies on this reaction revealed an H atom transfer mechanism. Remarkably, the cobalt(II) amide itself is capable of mediating H atom abstraction or stepwise proton/electron transfer depending on the substrate. A cobalt‐mediated catalytic application for substrate dehydrogenation using an organo azide is presented.
Combined Photoredox and Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of Ketones from Carboxylic Acids**
Authors: Bay Anna V. , Fitzpatrick Keegan P. , Betori Rick C. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a key element in the construction of complex organic scaffolds, the formation of C−C bonds remains a challenge in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Recent advancements in single‐electron chemistry have enabled new methods for the formation of various C−C bonds. Disclosed herein is the development of a novel single‐electron reduction of acyl azoliums for the formation of ketones from carboxylic acids. Facile construction of the acyl azolium in situ followed by a radical–radical coupling was made possible merging N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and photoredox catalysis. The utility of this protocol in synthesis was showcased in the late‐stage functionalization of a variety of pharmaceutical compounds. Preliminary investigations using chiral NHCs demonstrate that enantioselectivity can be achieved, showcasing the advantages of this protocol over alternative methodologies.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Plasmonic Spiky Nanorods Increase the Elimination of Aging Cells in Vivo
Authors: Lu Meiru , Qu Aihua , Li Si , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCellular senescence is stress‐induced, irreversible growth arrest, and is thought to impair tissue function. The clearance of senescent cells can delay the features of senescence. Herein, we report the development of plasmonic core–shell spiky nanorods (CSNRs) surface‐modified with an anti‐beta‐2‐microglobulin (aB2MG) antibody and triphenylphosphonium (TPP), to target the mitochondria in senescent cells. aB2MG‐TPP@CSNRs irradiated with near‐infrared (NIR) light selectively caused mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of senescent cells with relatively low NIR light power, and the ability of CSNRs to activate and amplify the immune response in vitro and in vivo was discovered. The photo‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in senescent‐cell apoptosis and immune adjuvant effect by CSNRs accelerated the clearance of senescent cells in mice. This study opens the way for the use of precisely regulated plasmonic nanostructures for immune adjuvant and photo‐induced apoptosis for age‐related senescence.
Accelerated Fat Bloom in Chocolate Model Systems: Replacement of Cocoa Powder with Sugar Particles and the Effects of Lecithin
Authors: Jin Jiayang , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effects of particulates on fat bloom in chocolate, model systems were formulated with 50% nonfat particles and 50% cocoa butter on a mass basis, where cocoa powder was gradually replaced by sugar particles (sucrose, maltitol, corn syrup solids [CSS], and polydextrose [PD]). Bloom extents were investigated in three ways: the change in whiteness index (ΔWI), white area percentage, and visual bloom level. All three bloom evaluation methods showed similar trends, although the methods were more sensitive under different conditions. Bloom extents in sucrose model systems were the highest compared to the other three sugar types, whether crystalline or amorphous. Increasing sucrose crystal levels significantly promoted bloom, whether with or without 0.5% lecithin. Adding 0.5% lecithin significantly reduced bloom extents in all model systems except for the system with CSS. The effects of sugars and lecithin might be due to the difference in the interactions between sugar particles, cocoa powder, and lecithin in the chocolate matrix, as supported by the contact angle and tensiometry results.
Effects of phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes on gas transport properties of polyimide ‐ silica hybrid membranes
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGas transport properties of polyimides (PIs) and their silica hybrids were investigated. The PIs synthesized with several methyl‐substituted phenylenediamines were hybridized with silica via a sol–gel process with different alkoxysilanes. The prepared hybrid membranes showed controlled gas permselectivity, depending on the selected phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes. It was worth noting that the hybrids prepared with tetraethoxysilane possessed improved CO2 permselectivity with increasing silica content, which tended to exceed the upper‐bound trade‐off line. This fact suggested the additional formation of free volume holes especially favorable for the CO2/CH4 separation around the polymer/silica interfacial area.
Tracking Control for General Second‐order Multi‐agent Systems with Communication Delay and Variable Topology
Authors: Tang Wenyan , Wu Jia , Li Kun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article studies the consensus problem for a class of general second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) with communication delay and variable topology. We first consider the case with time delay but un‐variable topology and obtain sufficient conditions for exponential consensus. Then, based on the obtained conditions for the un‐variable topology case, the conditions of the consensus for the case with time delay and variable topology are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the derived consensus conditions is illustrated by numerical examples.
Trajectory tracking control of underactuated surface vessel with full state constraints
Authors: Li Lili , Dong Kai , Guo Ge 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem for an underactuated surface vessel (USV) with full state constraints. In order to solve the inconvenience caused by the USV underactuated structure to the system controller design, the system's model is transformed into two subsystems. Furthermore, the constrained problem can be solved by the Barrier Lyapunov method. In the USV's controller design process, a tan‐type Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is constructed to ensure the stability of the transformed system and avoid the constrained states reaching the boundary value. Compared with the conventional USV controller design, constructing a tan‐type BLF to limit the states is more valuable and more in line with reality. Simulation results demonstrate the USV with full state constraints can track the desired trajectory.
Hochleistungs‐Hybridbausystem mit Holz und Stahl
Authors: Müller Andreas , Geyer Christoph , Hausammann Roman 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn nur fünf Monaten wurde in Lenzburg (CH) mit einem neu entwickelten Hochleistungs‐Hybridbausystem ein energieeffizientes Mehrfamilienhaus mit 20 preisgünstigen Mietwohnungen realisiert.Das Prinzip des Hochleistungs‐Hybridbausystems sieht bezugsfertig hergestellte kubische Wohnraummodule aus einer Holzleichtbaukonstruktion vor, welche auf der Baustelle in eine vorgängig montierte Stahlskelettkonstruktion eingefügt werden. Im Gegensatz zur üblichen Raummodulbauweise, bei der die Module aufeinandergestapelt werden, konnten durch das Entwurfsprinzip der sich selbst tragenden Holzbaumodule die Wanddicken reduziert und damit wesentlich materialoptimiert werden. Die Stahlskelettkonstruktion ermöglicht, die Wanddicke der Stahlhohlprofile optimal auf die Anzahl der Geschosse anzupassen. Die Stahlskelettstützen bleiben in ihren Außenabmessung bei vier‐ bis achtgeschossigen Gebäuden immer gleich und ermöglichen eine max. Standardisierung bei der Detailausbildung. Eines der Schlüsselelemente der Entwicklungsarbeit war die konsequent ausgebildete Schallentkopplung zwischen Wohnraummodul und Stahlskelett. Sämtliche Auflagerdetails, Stabilisierungsanschlüsse und Verbindungen zwischen Modul und Skelett sind durch Elastomerlager schalltechnisch entkoppelt.
The de‐coders: A historical perspective of the genetic counseling profession
Authors: Cohen Leslie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe genetic counseling profession is a relatively new medical specialty that has evolved over time in keeping with advanced in the medical genetics field. Genetic counselors are master's‐level trained individuals who apply their skills to assist patients in understanding the genetic etiology of disease, assessing risk for genetic disease, and providing support to those who are encountering a genetic disorder in themselves or family member. Formal training of genetic counselors began nearly 50 years, and since then, the field has been expanding and advancing. Defining the tenets and practice of the genetic counseling profession has also similarly changed over time; however, the core guiding principles of the profession have remained rooted in the concept of patient autonomy and client‐centered care. Competency in the field is achieved by successfully graduating from an accredited master's‐level training program in which the curriculum is based on standards set forth by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling. Curricula are developed so that trainees are exposed to didactic work, hands‐on clinical fieldwork, and research so that at the end of one's training they have become competent in The Practice Based Competencies that have been established for the profession. Upon graduation, genetic counselors find themselves working in a number of professional settings and subspecialties in genetics. As the underlying genetic cause of disease has become clearer, the areas in which genetic counselors practice have expanded and allows for diverse clinical practice. The profession has, and will, continue to adapt along with the advances in molecular genetics.
Cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic testing associated with prenatal and postnatal birth defects
Authors: Berisha Stela Z. , Shetty Shashi , Prior Thomas W. , Mitchell Anna L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTGenetic testing is beneficial for patients and providers when in search of answers to medical problems related to the prenatal or early postnatal period. It can help to identify the cause or confirm a diagnosis associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, heart defects, multiple malformations, short stature, stillbirth, neonatal death, or fertility problems. Genetic testing can be used to rule out single‐gene or chromosome abnormalities. Different diagnostic cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques are applied in clinical genetics laboratories, from conventional ones to the state of the art chromosomal microarrays and next‐generation sequencing. Each of the genetic techniques or methods has its strengths and limitations, however different methods complement each‐other in trying to identify the genetic variation(s) responsible for a medical condition, especially the ones related to birth defects.
Mandatory newborn screening in the United States: History, current status, and existential challenges
Authors: McCandless Shawn E. , Wright Erica J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBeginning in the 1960s, mandatory newborn screening (NBS) of essentially all infants has been a major public health success story. NBS is not just a blood test, rather, it is a complex, integrated system that begins with timely testing, scrupulous follow up of patients, tracking of outcomes, quality improvement of all aspects of the process, and education of providers, staff, and parents. In the past, expansion of NBS programs has been driven by new testing technology, but now is increasingly driven by the development of novel therapeutics and political advocacy. Each state determines how the NBS system will be structured in that state, but there is increasing oversight and support for harmonization at a federal level. Several recent initiatives, together with the increased number of conditions screened and the concomitant increase in burdensome false‐positive tests, are creating new scrutiny of NBS systems, and potentially pose an existential risk to the public acceptance of mandatory NBS. The history, current state and challenges for NBS are explored in this issue, with some suggestions as to how to address them.
Evaluierung der dynamischen Systemeigenschaften von einfeldrigen Stahlbeton‐Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Vospernig Michael , Reiterer Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDynamische Berechnungen von Zugüberfahrten für kurze einfeldrige Eisenbahnbrücken führen oft zu einem Überschätzen der Tragwerksantwort im Resonanzfall. Bei Vergleichsmessungen an realen Stahlbetontragwerken kann festgestellt werden, dass dynamische Kenngrößen wie die Eigenfrequenzen und die Lehrschen Dämpfungen von den Vergleichsgrößen im Rechenmodell stark abweichen. Nach Einbeziehung der messtechnisch ermittelten dynamischen Kenngrößen in das Rechenmodell können die dynamischen Nachweise sehr oft positiv geführt werden. Zur Erzielung einer besseren Übereinstimmung von Messung und Berechnung werden in der gegenständlichen Untersuchung an zwei Versuchsbrücken die dynamischen Kenngrößen im Zuge einer Messkampagne bei unterschiedlichen Ausbauzuständen ermittelt. Dabei liegt das Hauptaugenmerk darauf, die Steifigkeit und Systemdämpfung beeinflussenden Parameter abzuleiten, die mit der Bauform der Versuchsbrücken in Verbindung stehen. An den beiden Versuchsbrücken, in Form von einfeldrigen Stahlbetonplatten, werden Messungen der Tragwerksantwort mit der krafterregten Schwingungsanregungsmethode durchgeführt, wobei ein Tragwerk im ungerissenen und eines im gerissenen Zustand untersucht wird. Die Änderungen der dynamischen Kenngrößen infolge Ausbaulasten, temperaturbedingter jahreszeitlicher Schwankungen und Konstruktionsdetails werden dokumentiert und Vorschläge für die Anpassung in der Modellierung für die dynamischen Berechnungen werden angeführt.
Two life prediction models for optoelectronic displays without conventional life tests
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Chen Siyi , Zong Yu , Li WenBin , Wu Helen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo precisely predict the life of optoelectronic displays over a short time, two life prediction models were established based on the three‐parameter Weibull right approximation method (TPWRAM). In Model I, the acceleration life under each stress was obtained using TPWRAM, the data points formed by acceleration life and acceleration stress were, respectively, fitted by three extrapolation functions and the optimal extrapolation function was determined by comparing the fitting determination coefficient and root‐mean‐square error. In Model II, after introducing an acceleration parameter, the luminance attenuation data under conventional stress were calculated directly by combining the ones obtained using TPWRAM under each acceleration stress. The luminance attenuation test data from the vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) were collected through four groups of constant‐stress accelerated degradation tests (ADT), and the two models were applied to the life prediction of VFD. The results indicated that the designed ADT scheme was feasible, Model I revealed the changing law of life with stress and simplified the process of life prediction, and Model II made it possible to obtain the luminance attenuation formula at conventional stress without conducting a conventional life test, overcoming the shortcomings of long time‐consuming traditional life tests. It was verified by comparing the life prediction values that the two models had very high precision, and both of these not only achieve the accurate estimation of optoelectronic product life without resorting to conventional life test, but also improved the method of life prediction and perfect its theoretical system.
Application of community detection algorithms on learning networks. The case of Khan Academy repository
Authors: Yassine Sahar , Kadry Seifedine , Sicilia Miguel‐Angel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of online learning networks has resulted in the widespread use of recorded educational contents. While the community structure of those networks may have an influence on the use of contents, research on detecting online learning communities and investigating their structures using social network analysis (SNA) methods is scarce. The purpose of the research presented here is to investigate the structure of online learning networks and their users’ engagement patterns. In this study, Khan Academy, a widely used video learning repository, will be used as a case. Community detection algorithms are used to detect the development of online learning communities and network performance and effectiveness measures are applied to assess the network structure, effectiveness, and efficiency of a large dataset consisting of 359,163 users that interacted with Khan Academy's videos with over 3M questions and answers. The results demonstrate that different community detection algorithms can be implemented on learning networks and produce good learning communities which are not necessarily related to a domain or a topic. Measures such as density can be used to measure social presence while centrality measures are used to define central users and hubs in the communities. This study complements previous research that shed the light on the power and potential of SNA measures to structurally evaluate and detect online learning communities.
Does the number of perpetrators matter? An extension and re‐analysis of workplace bullying as a risk factor for exclusion from working life
Authors: Glambek Mats , Skogstad Anders , Einarsen Ståle Valvatne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on a nationally representative sample (N = 1,613) and a true prospective design, we show that the link between self‐labelled workplace bullying and exclusion from working life (i.e., becoming a non‐participant in working life) over a 5‐year time lag becomes stronger with increasing numbers of perpetrators involved. The amount of exposure to bullying behaviours could not explain the added effect of multiple perpetrators, indicating that the presence of multiple perpetrators is significant in and of itself. A post hoc descriptive cross‐tabulation analysis also showed that when one or two perpetrators were involved at T1, the rate of exclusion from working life 5 years later did not differ substantially from the normal population's exclusion rate. When three or more perpetrators were involved, on the other hand, the exclusion rate approached 50%, indicating that ≥3 perpetrators could denote a critical cut‐off point for a distinguishable group‐bullying phenomenon, at least with respect to exclusion from working life.