bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Título en español.
Authors: L. C. Liu  , A. Cedeño-Maldonado  
Published: October 2020

Se determinó el efecto de los herbicidas Fluometuron, Prometryne, Ametryne y Diuron sobre el crecimiento autotrófico de las especies acuáticas Lemna major L. y Lemna perpusilla Torr. El Fluometuron resultó menos tóxico a ambas especies de Lemna. El Diuron fué el herbicida más tóxico a L. major, mientras Ametryne fué el más tóxico a L. perpusilla. Las concentraciones del herbicida requeridas para causar 50 por ciento de inhibición del crecimiento de L. major fueron las siguientes: a) Fluometuron, 2.6 X 10-6 M; b) Prometryne, 3.5 X 10-7 M; c) Ametryne, 2.30 X 10-7 M. Las concentraciones necesarias para causar 50 por ciento de inhibición del crecimiento de L. perpusilla fueron las siguientes: a) Fluometuron, 2.05 X 10-6 M; b) Diuron, 6.4 X 10-8 M; c) Prometryne, 5.4 X 10-8 M y d) Ametryne, 4.6 X 10-8 M. Se concluyó que la aplicación de estos herbicidas a concentraciones micromolares constituye un riesgo para las dos especies de Lemna sometidas a tratamiento.
Effects of Growth-Regulatory Chemicals on the Action Spectra for 14C Assimilation and Transport in Sugarcane Leaves
Authors: Alexander Alex G. , Biddulph Orlin 
Published: October 2020

Pretreatment of sugarcane with the growth hormone gibberellic acid (GA3) and the growth depressant Polaris [N,N-bis (phosphonomethyl) glycine] significantly altered the action spectra for 14C assimilation and transport by leaf tissues. Leaf segments enclosed in a 14CO2 atmosphere were illuminated with discrete wavelengths of equal quantum flux from 400 to 710 nanometers (nm). Both compounds significantly lowered 14C assimilation in the blue, from 437 to 480 nm. Polaris accentuated a green depression at 550 nm while lowering assimilation peaks in the red at 600-640 nm and at 670 nm. Translocation of 14C, as percentages of the total nuclide assimilated, was vastly increased by both materials in the blue-violet (400 nm) and by GA3 in the blue (437-480 nm). Polaris increased transport from the blue-green to yellow (520-600 nm). A high sensitivity of control plants to far-red light (710 nm) was unaffected by either material. These results support the theory that chemical ripening may involve sugar synthesis and transport processes in addition to growth-regulatory effects in sink tissues.
Título en español.
Authors: J. K. Camoens  , R. E. McDowell  , L. D. Van Vleck  , J. D. Rivera Anaya  
Published: October 2020

Se determinó el efecto del hato, el año, la edad, la estación y sus interacciones en la producción de leche y grasa láctea, el contenido de grasa láctea, los días en producción de leche, los días en el período seco y los días en el período receptivo para vacas Holstein puras o de alto grado de pureza en un ambiente tropical mediante el uso de análisis de varianza. Se utilizaron alrededor de 1900 de los 33,950 registros de producción de leche completados en Puerto Rico por vacas Holstein en 62 hatos inscritos en la asociación para el mejoramiento de hatos lecheros del 1967 al 73. Los efectos del hato fueron significativos (P < .05) para todas las variables pero los efectos de la estación fueron significativos solo para la producción de leche, grasa y días en el período receptivo. La variación entre vacas influyo significativamente (P < .05) en todas las variables excepto en la producción de leche. La edad de la vaca al parir afectó todas las variables excepto la duración de la lactación y el período receptivo. Un número de las interacciones fue también significativo. El modelo estadístico explicó el 39, 40, 24, 17, 13 y 12% de la variación total en la producción de leche, grasa, contenido de grasa, duración de la lactación, días en el período seco y en el receptivo, respectivamente. Las varianzas totales fueron 12,900,000 lb2 para la producción de leche y 15,000 lb2 para la producción de grasa, comparables a las de zonas templadas. Se concluyó que los factores que afectan el comportamiento de vacas Holstein en Puerto Rico no difieren marcadamente de aquellos en zonas templadas. La variación total es lo suficientemente amplia para permitir la selección de animales para una producción mayor de leche y de grasa. Al igual que en las zonas templadas, la duración de lactación y del período seco y el tiempo de días receptivos dependen mayormente de las decisiones de los ganaderos.
Título en español.
Authors: F. Sánchez Nieva  
Published: October 2020

Se comparó el comportamiento durante la elaboración para congelar la calidad del producto congelado de tres variedades comerciales de yautía producidas en Puerto Rico. Las variedades fueron: la Blanca del País, de pulpa blanca; la Rascana, de pulpa crema; y la Vinola, de pulpa color de rosa pálido. Cuando las tres variedades se pelaron con lejía al 15% por peso a 200° F. (93° C.) y a 210° F. (99° C.) se observó que la variedad Blanca sufrió la mayor pérdida de peso, siguiéndole en orden descendente la Rascana y la Vinola. De las tres variedades, la Blanca pudo pelarse con mayor eficiencia que las otras dos. Cada variedad se comportó distinto al recortarla después de peleada. A la Blanca, por ser resbalosa, y a la Rascana, por ser algo dura, fue difícil recortarles las áreas dañadas. Pero la Vinola, for su textura blanda, fue fácil recortarla. Al quedar expuestas al aire después del tratamiento con soda, las tres variedades sufrieron un pardeamiento enzimático que dio lugar al desarrollo de manchas obscuras en los extremos y alrededor del punto de salida de las raicillas laterales. El obscurecimiento en la Rascana procedió en forma más lenta que en la Blanca. En la Vinola el color rosado de la pulpa se obscureció también al quedar expuesta al aire afectándose adversamente la apariencia. El pardeamiento pudo controlarse eficazmente en las tres variedades tratando las yautías, ya peladas, con una solución de ácido cítrico al 2% seguido de una sulfitación hasta un nivel de SO2 de alrededor de 200 p.p.m. La variedad Blanca probó ser superior a las otras dos cuando se cocinó fresca así como congelada. No obstante, por medio de técnicas de elaboración apropiadas que incluyen la remoción de la cáscara con soda caústica y los tratamientos de ácido y sulfitación para controlar el parcelamiento también se pudo preparar tubérculos congelados de calidad aceptable de las otras dos variedades.
Título en español.
Authors: F. Sánchez-Nieva  
Published: October 2020

Se ensayaron distintos métodos para controlar la reacción de pardeamiento en yautías tratadas con soda caliente (200 y 210° F; 93 y 99° C) para pelarlas. Un precalentamiento par 30 minutos en agua a temperaturas de 140, 150, 160 y 170° F. (60, 66, 71, 77° C.) antes del tratamiento con soda no evitó el pardeamiento de los tubérculos al exponerlos al aire. El precalentamiento aumentó las pérdidas al pelar con soda en alrededor de un 50 por 100. La reacción de pardeamiento pudo controlarse satisfactoriamente sumergiendo las yautías, ya peladas, en una solución de ácido cítrico al 1% por varios minutos, y luego sulfitando hasta un nivel de 200 ppm de SO2. El tratamiento con el ácido cítrico redujo la acción enzimática y el pardeamiento lo suficiente para poder limpiar los tubérculos sin cambios apreciables en el color. La sulfitación evito totalmente la reacción de pardeamiento. La sulfitación también mejoró la calidad de la yautía congelada, evitando el desarrollo de sabores extraños y cambios en el color mientras estaba almacenada a - 10° F. C- 23 .3° C.) durante más de 200 días. El estudio de los procedimientos seguidos en la sulfitación demostró que la absorción de sulfitos en la yautía parece ocurrir independientemente del pH de la solución sulfitante. El nivel de SO2 en los tubérculos sulfitados aumenta en proporción a la concentración de la solución sulfitante. Durante el proceso de cocción de los tubérculos congelados se pierde alrededor de un 85 por 100 del contenido original de SO2 quedando un nivel residual de SO2 que normalmente no puede ser detectado por el sabor.
Saberes pedagógicos en la enseñanza de la lengua castellana. Un enfoque biográfico narrativo para la interpretación de la identidad docente
Authors: Morales Escobar Ibeth , Correa Londoño Marisol , Salgado Guzmán Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Existe en el paradigma interpretativo de las ciencias sociales la necesidad de reconocer al docente como sujeto social, comprender sus perspectivas de enseñanza e interpretar y dar a conocer el saber que se origina en las prácticas docentes. En este sentido, la investigación que divulgamos tuvo como propósito documentar experiencias significativas de profesoras de Lengua Castellana, a través de las narraciones de sus historias formativas para producir saber pedagógico en el campo de la enseñanza del lenguaje. La pesquisa se desarrolló desde una perspectiva cualitativa con el método de documentación narrativa. Se reconstruyeron las narrativas de cuatro maestras de instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Montería a través de la entrevista semiestructurada y el relato de vida. Se empleó el análisis microtextual para interpretar las representaciones sociales de las profesoras en torno a categorías como identidad docente y didáctica del lenguaje. Los resultados señalan que la identidad docente de estas maestras se fundamenta en subcategorías como vocación, transformación docente, experiencia docente, competencia didáctica y competencia interpersonal. Estas categorías son producto de la reflexión y reconstrucción de sus trayectorias vitales, y se constituyen en saber pedagógico para la formación de maestros en el campo de las ciencias de la educación.
“Rung it Never can be Until All Women are Free”: Katharine Wentworth Ruschenberger and the Justice Bell
Authors: Rofini Laurie A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This article traces the origin, creation, and use of the Justice Bell, a replica of the Liberty Bell that was cast for a statewide tour in support of the 1915 Pennsylvania referendum on woman’s suffrage. Suffragists used the image of the Liberty Bell well before 1915, connecting its symbolism of freedom to the suffrage cause. After the unsuccessful 1915 campaign, the bell was used for national suffrage events, patriotic fundraising, and get-out-the-vote campaigns. Katharine Wentworth Ruschenberger commissioned and paid for the bell and retained ownership of it until her death. The post-1915 use of the bell reflects the shift in her suffrage affiliation from the more traditional National American Woman Suffrage Association to the radical National Woman’s Party.
Camping Out with Miss Chief: Kent Monkman's Ironic Journey
Authors: Morris Kate , Morris Linda 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This article explores the many ways Cree artist Kent Monkman uses irony, parody, and camp humor to subvert mythologized visions of the American West that excluded Native Americans or treated them as a dying people, frozen in time. Monkman thrusts himself into large-scale western landscapes in the form of a transgender, camp alter ego named “Miss Chief” who disrupts multiple romanticized views of the American landscape. In true trickster fashion, Miss Chief at once shapes and disrupts history, serving as a corrective to a settler narrative that imagined a future without a Native presence.
Giant River Shrimps of the Genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in North and South Carolina
Authors: COOPER JOHN E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Of the six species of giant river shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium that occur in the United States, three have been found in North and South Carolina – M. acanthurus, M. ohione and M. olfersii. Very few specific localities, especially those verified by voucher specimens, have previously been reported for the Carolinas. This note reports &gt;153 specimens of these species from 42 localities in the two states.
How Quickly are Road-killed Snakes Scavenged? Implications for Underestimates of Road Mortality
Authors: DEGREGORIO BRETT A. , HANCOCK THOMAS E. , KURZ DAVID J. , YUE SAM 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Annually, millions of snakes are killed on roads in the United States. Because of their potential abundance and ease of collection, many researchers have used road-killed snakes to examine community composition, movement patterns, and population dynamics. However, few previous studies have accounted for snake carcasses that are removed from roads by scavengers. Snake carcasses were placed at randomly selected locations along 2 km of road, one traversing maritime forest and the other surrounded by dune habitat. Carcasses in forested habitat were removed more often (100% vs 40%) and more quickly (8 hr vs 11 hr) than those placed in dune habitat. Half of the carcasses (50%) were removed within eight hours of placement and all carcasses were removed at night. Species and size of carcasses did not affect removal time. Removal time and scavenging intensity of snake carcasses most likely varies across regions and habitats. Furthermore, because scavenging appears to occur quickly and to such a significant extent, it may confound results of studies examining patterns of road-mortality. Thus, investigators that use data from road-killed snakes would benefit from a concurrent investigation of scavenging and application of appropriate correction factors to avoid underestimation of snake mortality.
Avian Influenza Testing of American Woodcock in an Agricultural Landscape
Authors: BLACKMAN EMILY B. , DEPERNO CHRISTOPHER S. , MOORMAN CHRISTOPHER E. , PETERSON M. NILS 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The potential for migratory bird species to transfer pathogenic Eurasian strains of avian influenza to the Americas has created international concern over monitoring efforts. Avian influenza has been isolated in multiple migratory shorebird species, and those that spend time in agricultural areas are more likely to share the virus with poultry. Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) are migratory and winter in agricultural landscapes throughout coastal North Carolina. Thirty nine woodcock were tested during February 2009 and December–March 2009–2010 for Type A avian influenza virus; all tests were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate woodcock for avian influenza. Wildlife disease surveillance, especially testing of novel species, is critical to monitor and control virus emergence and spread between wild and domestic populations.
Effects of “Shellbond” on Water Quality: II. Effects on Phytoplankton Growth
Authors: CAHOON L. B. , ANTONINI M. T. , BLACKMON P. J. , DEVITO D. J. , EARP R. K. , MARSHBURN K. D. , ROBBINS J. D. , SAWYER D. A. , THOMPSON W. D. , WALCH M. L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ShellBond is a patented material derived from high temperature treatment of calcareous materials, including oyster shells, yielding a unique form of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Previous work with ShellBond showed effects on ammonium and phosphate concentrations in natural waters as well as significant effects on phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The ability of oyster ShellBond to regulate phytoplankton growth in natural waters was investigated in laboratory experiments in order to determine the likely mechanism of action. Experimental investigation of indirect ShellBond effects on phytoplankton growth mediated by effects on nutrient availability (as ammonium and phosphate) revealed no evidence for a plausible mechanism. The direct effect of ShellBond on the pH of the medium was sufficient, however, to suggest that ShellBond acted to limit availability of dissolved CO2 to primary producers; ShellBond amendments at 200 mg L−1 were sufficient to raise pH to &gt;10.5. Dose-response experiments demonstrated an effect of ShellBond concentration on pH and phytoplankton growth, but without complete mortality. These results suggest that ShellBond dosing may have promise for algal bloom remediation, justifying field scale investigations.
Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) Off the North Carolina Coast 1709–2011
Authors: Hairr John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Killer whales, Orcinus orca, were first reported off North Carolina by naturalist John Lawson in 1709, and during the 20th century were documented from North Carolina eight times in the scientific and popular literature. The most recent confirmed sighting of killer whales off North Carolina was in the spring of 2011. There have been no reports of killer whale deaths from North Carolina. There has been only one killer whale stranded along the North Carolina coast, with the animal being alive when it was returned to the sea. All sightings have been in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, none on the west side of the Outer Banks in the waters of Pamlico or Currituck sounds. Only three confirmed reports are from nearshore waters, while the rest were spotted more than 20 km offshore. Orcas are most frequently reported from the waters off the Outer Banks from Cape Lookout north to the Virginia border. A 200 yr gap exists in the historical record of killer whales from North Carolina.
Paediatric Tuberculosis at the Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course Clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Garba B. I. , Yusuf T. , Coker L. K. , Isezuo K. O. , Ugege M. O. , Adamu A. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease killer worldwide, despite significant progress against the disease in recent years. Most cases of TB in children occur in the TB endemic countries but the actual burden of paediatric TB is unknown. With early diagnosis and treatment using the first-line anti-tuberculous drugs, most people who develop the disease can be cured and onward transmission of infection curtailed.
Objective: To determine the pattern and outcome of paediatric tuberculosis managed at a tertiary facility in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Records of children managed for TB at the Directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) clinic over a three-and-a-half-year period were reviewed retrospectively. All children (≤ 15 years) treated for TB over the study period was included. Relevant information was retrieved from the register and analysed accordingly.
Results: 74 children were treated with 33(44.6%) being males, giving a M: F ratio of 1:1.2. Mean (±SD) age was 85.78 (±55.40) months and 34 (45.9%) belonged to the 0.0-5.0-year age group. Seventy-one (95.9%) were new cases and three (4.1%) were relapse. Pulmonary TB (PTB) was seen in 50 (67.6%), more females had PTB than males, which was not significant (χ2=0.4, p=0.52).
Acid fast bacilli (AFB) were positive in only 8 (10.8%) while GeneXpert MTB/RIF sensitivity was detected in 7 (9.2%). Majority 36 (48.6%) were lost to follow up, 30 (40.5%) completed treatment, only 4(5.4%) were cured with no recorded mortality. Successful treatment outcome was low (45.9%).
Conclusion: Treatment outcome using DOTS strategy was poor, far below the WHO benchmark. There is need to improve adherence to DOTs therapy to prevent development of multi drug resistant TB.
Ideally Statistical Convergence in n-normed Space
Authors: Khan Nazneen , Shatarah Amani 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to extend the concept of Ideally statistical convergence from 2 normed spaces to n-normed space. We have also study and prove some important algebraic and topological properties of Ideally-statistical convergence of real sequences in n-normed space. In the last part of this article we obtain a criterion for I-statistically Cauchy sequence in n-normed space to be I-statistically Cauchy with respect to ∥.∥∞.
TRAP1 enhances Warburg metabolism through modulation of PFK1 expression/activity and favors resistance to EGFR inhibitors in human colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Maddalena Francesca , Condelli Valentina , Matassa Danilo Swann , Pacelli Consiglia , Scrima Rosella , Lettini Giacomo , Li Bergolis Valeria , Pietrafesa Michele , Crispo Fabiana , Piscazzi Annamaria , Storto Giovanni , Capitanio Nazzareno , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Metabolic rewiring is a mechanism of adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions and tumor progression. TRAP1 is an HSP90 molecular chaperone upregulated in human colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and responsible for downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and adaptation to metabolic stress. The mechanism by which TRAP1 regulates glycolytic metabolism and the relevance of this regulation in resistance to EGFR inhibitors were investigated in patient‐derived CRC spheres, human CRC cells, samples, and patients. A linear correlation was observed between TRAP1 levels and 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐glucose (18F‐FDG) uptake upon PET scan or GLUT1 expression in human CRCs. Consistently, TRAP1 enhances GLUT1 expression, glucose uptake, and lactate production and downregulates OXPHOS in CRC patient‐derived spheroids and cell lines. Mechanistically, TRAP1 maximizes lactate production to balance low OXPHOS through the regulation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase‐1 (PFK1); this depends on the interaction between TRAP1 and PFK1, which favors PFK1 glycolytic activity and prevents its ubiquitination/degradation. By contrast, TRAP1/PFK1 interaction is lost in conditions of enhanced OXPHOS, which results in loss of TRAP1 regulation of PFK1 activity and lactate production. Notably, TRAP1 regulation of glycolysis is involved in resistance of RAS‐wild‐type CRCs to EGFR monoclonals. Indeed, either TRAP1 upregulation or high glycolytic metabolism impairs cetuximab activity in vitro, whereas TRAP1 targeting and/or inhibition of glycolytic pathway enhances cell response to cetuximab. Finally, a linear correlation between 18F‐FDG PET uptake and poor response to cetuximab in first‐line therapy in human metastatic CRCs was observed. These results suggest that TRAP1 is a key determinant of CRC metabolic rewiring and favors resistance to EGFR inhibitors through regulation of glycolytic metabolism.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Health State Utility Values for Osteoarthritis‐Related Conditions
Authors: Zhao Ting , Winzenberg Tania , de Graaff Barbara , Aitken Dawn , Ahmad Hasnat , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveHealth state utility values (HSUVs) are a key input in health economic modeling, but HSUVs of people with osteoarthritis (OA)–related conditions have not been systematically reviewed and meta‐analyzed. Our objective was to systematically review and meta‐analyze the HSUVs for people with OA.MethodsSearches within health economic/biomedical databases were performed to identify eligible studies reporting OA‐related HSUVs. Data on study design, participant characteristics, affected OA joint sites, treatment type, HSUV elicitation method, considered health states, and the reported HSUVs were extracted. HSUVs for people with knee, hip, and mixed OA in pre‐ and posttreatment populations were meta‐analyzed using random effects models.ResultsA total of 151 studies were included in the systematic review, and 88 in meta‐analyses. Of 151 studies, 56% were conducted in Europe, 75% were in people with knee and/or hip OA, and 79% were based on the EuroQoL 5‐dimension instrument. The pooled mean baseline HSUVs for knee OA core interventions, medication, injection, and primary surgery treatments were 0.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–0.66), 0.56 (95% CI 0.45−0.68), 0.58 (95% CI 0.50–0.66), and 0.52 (95% CI 0.49–0.55), respectively. These were 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.84) for hip OA core interventions and 0.52 (95% CI 0.49–0.56) for hip OA primary surgery. For all knee OA treatments and hip OA primary surgery, pooled HSUVs were significantly higher in the post‐ than the pretreatment populations.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive summary of OA‐related HSUVs and generates an HSUV database for people with different affected OA joint sites undergoing different treatments to guide HSUV choices in future health economic modeling of OA interventions.