bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of insomnia questionnaires in the general population: The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)
Authors: Filosa James , Omland Petter Moe , Langsrud Knut , Hagen Knut , Engstrøm Morten , Drange Ole Kristian , Knutsen Andreas Jarlalein , Brenner Eiliv , Kallestad Håvard , Sand Trond 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe primary aim was to validate questionnaire‐based insomnia diagnoses from a modified Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), by age category (< or >65 years), against a semi‐structured face‐to‐face interview. Secondary aims were to split validity by diagnostic certainty of the interview and to compare prevalence estimates of questionnaire‐ and interview‐based diagnoses. A total of 232 out of 1,200 invited (19.3%) from the fourth Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) completed questionnaires, including the KSQ and ISI, shortly before attending a face‐to‐face diagnostic interview for insomnia based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). Both a tentative (DSM‐5 criteria A–E) and a definite (criteria A–H) interview diagnosis was evaluated. Cohen’s kappa statistic quantified questionnaire validity. In all, 33% (95% confidence interval 27–39%) of participants had definite insomnia: 40% of women and 21% of men. The ISI (cut‐off 12) and several KSQ‐based diagnoses showed very good validity (κ ≤0.74) against the tentative, versus good validity (κ ≤0.61) against the definite interview diagnosis. Short questionnaires, requiring a daytime symptom at least three times a week, may underestimate insomnia prevalence. Validity was consistently higher for persons aged below versus above 65 years (definite insomnia: κ ≤0.64 vs. κ ≤0.56). Our results have implications for epidemiological population‐based studies utilising insomnia questionnaires.
Anthropogenic and natural barriers affect genetic connectivity in an Alpine butterfly
Authors: Trense Daronja , Schmidt Thomas L. , Yang Qiong , Chung Jessica , Hoffmann Ary A. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDispersal is a key biological process serving several functions including connectivity among populations. Habitat fragmentation caused by natural or anthropogenic structures may hamper dispersal, thereby disrupting genetic connectivity. Investigating factors affecting dispersal and gene flow is important in the current era of anthropogenic global change, as dispersal comprises a vital part of a species’ resilience to environmental change. Using finescale landscape genomics, we investigated gene flow and genetic structure of the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) in the Alpine Ötz valley system in Austria. We found surprisingly high levels of gene flow inL. tityrusacross the region. Nevertheless, ravines, forests, and roads had effects on genetic structure, while rivers did not. The latter is surprising as roads and rivers have a similar width and run largely in parallel in our study area, pointing towards a higher impact of anthropogenic compared with natural linear structures. Additionally, we detected eleven loci potentially under thermal selection, including ones related to membranes, metabolism, and immune function. This study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular approaches in obtaining estimates of dispersal and population processes in the wild. Our results suggest that, despite high gene flow in the Alpine valley system investigated,L. tityrusnevertheless seems to be vulnerable to anthropogenically‐driven habitat fragmentation. With anthropogenic rather than natural linear structures affecting gene flow, this may have important consequences for the persistence of species such as the butterfly studied here in altered landscapes.
Amplification of pathogenicLeptospirainfection with greater abundance and co‐occurrence of rodent hosts across a counter‐urbanizing landscape
Authors: Peterson Anna C. , Ghersi Bruno M. , Riegel Claudia , Wunder Elsio A. , Childs James E. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLand use change can elevate disease risk by creating conditions beneficial to species that carry zoonotic pathogens. Observations of concordant global trends in increased pathogen prevalence or disease incidence and landscape change have generated concerns that urbanization could increase transmission risk of some pathogens. Yet host–pathogen relationships underlying transmission risk have not been well characterized within cities, even where contact between humans and species capable of transmitting pathogens of concern occurs. We addressed this deficit by testing the hypothesis that areas in cities experiencing greater population loss and infrastructure decline (i.e., counter‐urbanization) can support a greater diversity of host species and a larger and more diverse pool of pathogens. We did so by characterizing pathogenicLeptospirainfection relative to rodent host richness and abundance across a mosaic of abandonment in post‐Katrina New Orleans (Louisiana, USA). We found thatLeptospirainfection loads were highest in areas that harboured increased rodent species richness (which ranged from one to four rodent species detected). Areas with greater host co‐occurrence also harboured a greater abundance of hosts, including the host species most likely to carry high infection loads, indicating thatLeptospirainfection can be amplified by increases in overall and relative host abundance. Evidence of shared infection among rodent host species indicates that cross‐species transmission ofLeptospiraprobably increases infection at sites with greater host richness. Additionally, evidence that rodent co‐occurrence and abundance andLeptospirainfection load parallel abandonment suggests that counter‐urbanization can elevate zoonotic disease risk within cities, particularly in underserved communities that are burdened with disproportionate concentrations of derelict properties.
Absence of αβ T cells accelerates disuse bone loss in male mice after spinal cord injury
Authors: Sahbani Karim , Shultz Laura C. , Cardozo Christopher P. , Bauman William A. , Tawfeek Hesham A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhether T cells promote bone loss following immobilization after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains undetermined. Therefore, wild‐type (WT) and T cell–deficient (Tcrb−/−) male mice underwent sham or contusion SCI to cause hindlimb paralysis. Femurs were isolated and distal and midshaft regions were evaluated by microcomputed tomography scanning. Bone marrow (BM) levels of bone turnover markers, as well as receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), were measured by ELISA. At 2 weeks post‐SCI, immobilization resulted in marked reduction in trabecular fractional bone volume (55%), thickness (40%), connectivity, and cortical thickness only in the Tcrb−/− animals (interaction with P < 0.05). BM analysis revealed lower bone formation (procollagen type 1 intact N‐terminal propeptide), higher bone resorption (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐5b), and a higher RANKL/OPG ratio in the Tcrb−/− SCI animals. At 5 weeks post‐SCI, while both WT and Tcrb−/− paralyzed animals showed deterioration of all indices of bone structure, they were more severe in Tcrb−/− animals. In summary, unlike other skeletal disorders, loss of αβ T cells compromises, rather than preserves, skeletal integrity under conditions of immobilization.
Analyzing the predictors of health care utilization in the agricultural worker population using decision tree analysis: Does language matter?
Authors: Smith Daniel , Mutic Abby , Mac Valerie V. T. , Hertzberg Vicki S. , McCauley Linda A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the predictors of health care utilization among respondents to the National Agricultural Worker Survey. Specifically, we hypothesized that English proficiency would predict utilization of health care services within the last 2 years.MethodsUsing the 2015–2016 National Agricultural Worker Survey, we performed a secondary data analysis to analyze the predictors of health care utilization within the last 2 years in the United States' agricultural worker population. Data were cleaned and analyzed using decision tree analysis, which produced a classification tree model that was trained on 90% of the data and validated on 10%.ResultsExposure to English was not a predictor of health care utilization in our classification tree. The first major partition that predicted utilization was insurance status. Additional partitions were on age, gender, hypertension diagnosis, and public aid.ConclusionsBy partitioning on insurance status and use of public aid, the decision tree provided evidence that systemic factors are key determinants of health care utilization in the agricultural worker community. This highlights the importance of agencies that connect agricultural workers with resources that provide insurance and improve access to health care. This is especially important given that agricultural workers are one of the highest risk groups for occupational injury or death in the United States.
LQFM184: A Novel Wide Ultraviolet Radiation Range Absorber Compound
Authors: Vinhal Daniela C. , Ivan de Ávila Renato , Rodrigues Thaisângela L. , Silva Andressa K. , Moreira Larissa C. , Valadares Marize C. , Luzin Rangel M. , Lião Luciano M. , Gil Eric de S. , Vaz Boniek G. , Assis Rogério J. , Gonçalves Pablo J. , Isaac Vera , da Cunha Luiz C. , Menegatti Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of sunscreen has become an indispensable daily routine since UV radiation is a critical environmental stress factors for human skin. This study focused on the design, synthesis, thermal/chemical stability and efficacy/safety evaluations of a new heterocyclic derivative, namely LQFM184, as a photoprotective agent. The compound showed stability when submitted under oxidative and high‐temperature conditions. It also revealed an absorption at 260–340 nm (UVA/UVB), with a main band at 298 nm and a shoulder close to 334 nm. LQFM184 showed capacity to interact with other existing UV filters, promoting an increase in the sun protection factor. In relation to acute toxicity, its estimated LD50 was >300–2000 mg kg−1, probably with a low potential of inducing acute oral systemic toxicity hazard. In addition, our data showed that this compound did not have eye irritation, skin sensitization or phototoxicity potentials. Taken together, these findings make LQFM184 a promising ingredient to be used, alone or in association with other UV filters, in cosmetic products such as sunscreens with a broad spectrum of protection.
Characterization of the key region and putative phosphorylation sites of EcaICE1 in its molecular interaction with the EcaHOS1 protein in Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Cheng L. , Zhang W. , Hu J. , Zhang Z. , Liu Y. , Lin Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1), a MYC‐like bHLH transcriptional activator, plays an important role in plants under cold stress. The ubiquitination–proteasome pathway mediated by high expression of osmotically responsive gene1 (HOS1) can effectively induce the degradation of ICE1 and decrease the expression of CBFs and their downstream genes under cold stress response in Arabidopsis, but knowledge of ubiquitination regulation of ICE1 by HOS1 is still limited in woody plants.

In this study, a E3 ubiquitin ligase gene EcaHOS1 were amplified from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and the protein interactions between EcaICE1 and EcaHOS1 were analysed.

Yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay results showed that EcaICE1 can interact with the EcaHOS1 protein in the nucleus and, further, the Y2H assay demonstrated that the 126–185 amino acid region at the N‐terminus of the EcaICE1 protein was indispensable for its interaction with EcaHOS1 protein. Moreover, we found that the amino acids at positions 145, 158 and 184 within the key interaction region were the putative phosphorylation sites of EcaICE1, based on bioinformatics analysis, and only the substitution of serine (Ser) 158 by alanine (Ala) blocked the protein–protein interactions between EcaICE1 and EcaHOS1 based on Y2H and β‐galactosidase activity assays using site‐directed mutagenesis.

We identified Ser 158 of EcaICE1 as the key putative phosphorylation site for its interaction with the EcaHOS1 protein.
Cross‐modal relationships of neural gating with the subjective perception of respiratory and somatosensory sensations
Authors: Jelinčić Valentina , Torta Diana M. , Van Diest Ilse , von Leupoldt Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeural gating is a phenomenon whereby the response to a stimulus in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is attenuated when preceded by an identical stimulus. Attenuation of paired auditory clicks has repeatedly been shown to be affected in mental disorders, for example, schizophrenia. Neural gating has also been measured for respiratory and somatosensory sensations, however the attenuation of bodily relevant stimuli has not yet been systematically related to the subjective perception of bodily sensations. This research direction is potentially relevant to explaining disease trajectories in psychosomatic conditions characterized by chronic breathlessness and/or pain. In the present study, we recorded high‐density EEG from 85 healthy young adults while they experienced brief paired respiratory occlusions and brief paired electrocutaneous stimulation of the wrist. The event‐related potential N1 was measured centro‐laterally in response to the second relative to the first stimulus to quantify neural gating in both sensory domains. Participants experienced resistive loaded breaths and electrocutaneous stimuli of various intensities, rated their perceived intensity and unpleasantness, and performed magnitude estimation. Relationships of respiratory and somatosensory neural gating to the subjective intensity and unpleasantness of sensations, as well as the ability to discriminate sensations of varying intensities, were investigated intra‐modally and cross‐modally. We report significant relationships of the somatosensory neural gating to perceived intensity and unpleasantness of respiratory and somatosensory sensations, with the stronger neural gating relating to a stronger subjective intensity and unpleasantness. We discuss these unexpected findings through the lens of individual differences and different theoretical accounts on the origins of cortical attenuation of repetitive stimuli.
Southeastern Tibetan Plateau serves as the dominant sand contributor to the Yangtze River: Evidence from Pb isotopic compositions of detrital K‐feldspar
Authors: Zhang Zengjie , Daly J. Stephen , Li Chang'an , Tyrrell Shane , Badenszki Eszter , Sun Xilin , Tian Yuntao , Yan Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is as yet no consensus as to the dominant source of sediment transported to the oceans: the steep tectonically active highlands, or the gently sloping lowlands? In this study, new Pb isotopic analyses of detrital K‐feldspar have been combined with published data to constrain sand supply in the Yangtze River, one of the largest fluvial sediment transport systems on Earth. Tributaries draining southeastern Tibet have predominantly unradiogenic K‐feldspar sand grains. K‐feldspar in the middle Yangtze comprises c. 50% of grains of this kind, confirming that the southeastern Tibetan tributaries are the dominant sediment contributors. K‐feldspars characteristic of tributaries of the middle‐lower reaches are not strongly represented in the trunk Yangtze, indicating that they contribute little sediment. Our study demonstrates that tectonic uplift in southeastern Tibet is the primary control on sand supply. This is consistent with quartz 10Be data and with bulk‐sand petrography, indicating a major contribution of detritus from steep mountainous terrain.
Teaching first‐year statistics students with COVID‐19 real‐world data: Graphs
Authors: Delport Danri H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is said that a picture is worth a thousand words, but what about graphs? Although graphs have the potential to bring data to life, numerous studies show that learners struggle with graphical comprehension. Furthermore, many textbook examples on graphs are boring and appear meaningless to students. Students want to know more about something which is interesting, meaningful, and worth knowing, in other words, something relevant. With the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in December 2019, COVID‐19 is dominating the news worldwide, and the internet is flooded with visual presentations about the virus. To make statistics more fascinating and exciting, relevant and real‐world data such as these can be used in the classroom to stimulate the learning of important statistical concepts such as graphs. Curcio's three levels of graphical comprehension were used as a framework in this study, while the importance of developing a global view on distributions was also emphasized.
Spatial analysis of soil erosion sensitivity using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model in Nyamasheke District, Western Province of Rwanda
Authors: Niyonsenga Jean Damascene , Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Mupenzi Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have identified that Nyamasheke District in Rwanda is highly vulnerable to soil erosion. This has led to a loss of fertile soil, with a high level of land degradation. Nevertheless, the district’s spatial and temporal sensitivity to soil erosion remains unknown in different specific parts of the district. This study aimed to analyze spatial soil erosion sensitivity and mapping of vulnerable areas to soil erosion in the district. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated within a GIS environment was used to estimate annual soil loss for the district. The RUSLE factors were derived from a 30 m resolution digital elevation model, digital soil map of the world, monthly rainfall records from 20 stations within and around the district, and Landsat7/ETM + and Landsat8/OLI imagery. Annual soil loss change was statistically analyzed using an empirical model in the district. The results showed a decreasing trend in soil erosion over time, with the highest annual soil losses estimated at 92.4, 16.1, and 15.1 t ha−1 year−1 in the years 2008, 2015, and 2018, respectively. Areas with the highest soil erosion sensitivity, with soil loss ranging between 10 and 40 t ha−1 year−1, were found in sectors of Kanjongo, Cyato, Rangiro, Macuba, and Karambi.
Maize metacaspases modulate the defense response mediated by the NLR protein Rp1‐D21 likely by affecting its subcellular localization
Authors: Luan Qing‐Ling , Zhu Yu‐Xiu , Ma Shijun , Sun Yang , Liu Xiao‐Ying , Liu Mengjie , Balint‐Kurti Peter J. , Wang Guan‐Feng 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYPlants usually employ resistance (R) genes to defend against the infection of pathogens, and most R genes encode intracellular nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins. The recognition between R proteins and their cognate pathogens often triggers a rapid localized cell death at the pathogen infection sites, termed the hypersensitive response (HR). Metacaspases (MCs) belong to a cysteine protease family, structurally related to metazoan caspases. MCs play crucial roles in plant immunity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and the link between MCs and NLR‐mediated HR are not clear. In this study, we systematically investigated the MC gene family in maize and identified 11 ZmMCs belonging to two types. Further functional analysis showed that the type I ZmMC1 and ZmMC2, but not the type II ZmMC9, suppress the HR‐inducing activity of the autoactive NLR protein Rp1‐D21 and of its N‐terminal coiled‐coil (CCD21) signaling domain when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. ZmMC1 and ZmMC2 physically associate with CCD21 in vivo. We further showed that ZmMC1 and ZmMC2, but not ZmMC9, are predominantly localized in a punctate distribution in both N. benthamiana and maize (Zea mays) protoplasts. Furthermore, the co‐expression of ZmMC1 and ZmMC2 with Rp1‐D21 and CCD21 causes their re‐distribution from being uniformly distributed in the nucleocytoplasm to a punctate distribution co‐localizing with ZmMC1 and ZmMC2. We reveal a novel role of plant MCs in modulating the NLR‐mediated defense response and derive a model to explain it.
The ‘rejuvenating factor’ TIMP‐2 is detectable in human blood components for transfusion
Authors: Hoefer Julia , Dal‐Pont Christian , Jochberger Stefan , Fantin Raffaella , Schennach Harald 
Published: October 2020

Background and ObjectivesTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP‐2) is a protein suspected to be crucial in numerous physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, tissue remodelling and metastasis suppression. In animal models, the administration of TIMP‐2 to aged mice improved their cognitive functions. Therefore, one can hypothesize that differences in TIMP‐2 levels between blood donors and recipients might influence cognitive functions also in humans. However, the stability of TIMP‐2 during processing and storage of blood components for transfusion has not been intensively investigated so far. This study determined TIMP‐2 concentrations in fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP), erythrocyte concentrate (EC) and pathogen‐inactivated platelet concentrate (PI‐PC) depending on the donor's demographic factors age and gender.Materials and MethodsTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 was measured in FFP (n = 30), EC (n = 12) and PI‐PC (n = 12) using a Q‐Plex single‐plex immunoassay for chemiluminescence‐based detection. Absolute quantification of TIMP‐2 was performed with Q‐view software. Fresh umbilical cord plasma was used as a positive control.ResultsTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 was detected in FFP (30/30 samples), EC (11/12 samples) and PI‐PC (12/12 samples). The median TIMP‐2 concentration in EC (17·2 ng/ml; range: 0–26·5 ng/ml) was significantly lower compared with FFP (63·4 ng/ml; range: 44·4–87·3 ng/ml) or PI‐PC (69·9 ng/ml; range: 39·9–83·6 ng/ml). Across all blood components, TIMP‐2 levels are comparable in male and female donors and independent of age.ConclusionTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 is detectable and stable in FFP, PI‐PC and, in low concentration, EC. It can be hypothesized that TIMP‐2 will be transmitted to recipients during transfusion.
Revisiting the ASME Pressure-Viscosity Report Using the Tait-Doolittle Correlations
Authors: Zolper Thomas J. , Bair Scott , Horne Kyle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The ASME Pressure-Viscosity Report was a seminal publication on high pressure-viscosity and density supervised by the ASME Research Committee on Lubrication, sponsored by dozens of industries, and undertaken by Harvard University using high-pressure equipment developed by Prof. P. W. Bridgman. The resulting measurements of the “Viscosity and Density of Over 40 Lubricating Fluids of Known Composition at Pressures to 150,000 psi (1034 MPa) and Temperatures to 425 °F (218.3 °C/491.5 K)” should have become an invaluable reference to tribologists around the world. The present work revisits that monumental effort to distill the results into an established equation of state using modern computer software. The authors used curve-fitting techniques to fit measured density and viscosity data to the parameters of the Tait-Doolittle equation for use in further tribological modeling. This information will help a new generation of engineers to model the piezoviscous properties of lubricant base-stocks in diverse tribological applications.