bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2879Effectiveness of first versus subsequentes ATP attemps: predictors and clinical consequences
Authors: Jimenez-Candil J , Perez J , Morinigo J L , Hernandez J , Bravo Calero L , Sanchez P L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) terminates the majority (but not all) of slow VTs (S-VT) with a cycle length (CL) >320 ms.

Purpose
To analyze the efficacy, safety and predictors of ATP, comparing the first (ATP-1) to the second (ATP-2) and third (ATP-3) attempts.

Methods
We studied 556 S-VT (CL=354±18 ms; range: 321–415 ms; 1.6% syncopes) occurring in 67 patients. ATP programming was standardized, including three consecutive bursts of 15 pulses at 91% of VT CL.

Results
ATP effectiveness declined significantly from ATP-1 (436/556: 78%) compared to ATP-2 (24/103: 23%) and ATP-3 (10/79: 13%), p<0.01 for all comparisons. The percentage of variation of RR intervals (P-RR, %) was significantly higher prior to effective ATP-1 (2.73±1.45 vs 1.23±0.9; p<0.001). After an ineffective ATP-1, the P-RR decreased dramatically, with no differences between episodes terminated or not at ATP-2 (0.6±0.14 vs 0.44±0.16; p=0.6) or ATP-3 (0.54±0.15 vs. 0.52±0.14; p=0.7). The postpacing interval – CL difference (PPI-CLd) after an unsuccessful ATP-1 was shorter in episodes terminating at ATP-2 or ATP-3 (180±24 vs 211±15 ms; p<0.001) being 200 ms the cut-off point with the best sensitivity and specificity for non-effective ATP-2 and ATP-3 (93% and 74%, respectively). By multivariate analysis, the duration of native QRS complex (dQRS) (ms) was found the only independent predictor of a PPI-CLd ≥200 ms (OR=1.04; p=0.003). The best cutoff point of dQRS for PP-CLd ≥200 ms was 120 ms (sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 79%, respectively).
Several predictors of ATP efficacy were found by logistic regression: a) ATP-1: P-RR (OR=7.3; p<0.001), beta-blockers (OR=4.1; p<0.001) and dQRS (OR=0.95; p<0.001); b) ATP-2: PPI-CLd (OR=0.94; p=0.001) and dQRS (OR=0.96; p=0.04); c) ATP-3: PPI-CLd (OR=0.93; p=0.009).
Patients with a dQRS≥120 ms had a lower adjusted effectiveness of ATP and a higher proportion of S-VT causing syncope. Table.
Table 1 Patients with QRS <120 ms Patients with QRS ≥120 ms p value Adjusted effectiveness of ATP-1 89% (82–96) 70% (59–80) 0.008 Adjusted effectiveness of ATP-2 47% (32–63) 23% (11–35) 0.036 Adjusted effectiveness of ATP-3 18% (3–33) 3% (0–6) 0.003 Adjusted incidence of syncope due to S-VT 0.18% (0–0.6) 4.1% (2.1–6.1) 0.025 Values are expressed as mean (95% CI). Generalized Estimating Equations Method.

Conclusions
The efficacy of ATP in terminating S-VT is mainly due to the ATP-1. The regularization of RR intervals after ineffective ATP-1 underlies the lower efficacy of ATP-2 and ATP-3. Since the dQRS correlated significantly with the PPI-CLd, patients with a dQRS≥120 ms had a lower ATP-1, ATP-2 and ATP-3 effectiveness, leading to a higher incidence of syncope.
An allometric area-based approach—a cost-effective method for stand volume estimation based on ALS and NFI data
Authors: Socha Jarosław , Hawryło Paweł , Pierzchalski Marcin , Stereńczak Krzysztof , Krok Grzegorz , Wężyk Piotr , Tymińska-Czabańska Luiza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReliable information concerning stand volume is fundamental to making strategic decisions in sustainable forest management. A variety of remotely sensed data and different inventory methods have been used for the estimation of forest biometric parameters. Particularly, airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds are widely used for the estimation of stand volume and forest biomass using an area-based approach (ABA) framework. This method relies on the reference measurements of field plots with the necessary prerequisite of a precise co-registration between ground reference plots and the corresponding ALS samples. In this research, the allometric area-based approach (AABA) is proposed in the context of stand volume estimation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. The proposed method does not require detailed information about the coordinates of the field plots. We applied Polish National Forest Inventory data from 9400 circular field plots (400 m2) to develop a plot level stand volume allometric model using two independent variables: top height (TH) and relative spacing index (RSI). The model was developed using the multiple linear regression method with a log–log transformation of variables. The hypothesis was that, the field measurements of TH and RSI could be replaced with corresponding ALS-derived metrics. It was assumed that TH could be represented by the maximum height of the ALS point cloud, while RSI can be calculated based on the number of tree crowns delineated within the ALS-derived canopy height model. Performance of the developed AABA model was compared with the semi-empirical ABASE (with two predictors: TH and RSI) and empirical ABAE (several point cloud metrics as predictors). The models were validated at the plot level using 315 forest management inventory plots (400 m2) and at the stand level using the complete field measurements from 42 Scots pine dominated forest stands in the Milicz forest district (Poland). The AABA model showed a comparable accuracy to the traditional ABA models with relatively high accuracy at the plot (relative root mean square error (RMSE) = 22.8 per cent; R2 = 0.63) and stand levels (RMSE = 17.8 per cent, R2 = 0.65). The proposed novel approach reduces time- and cost-consuming field work required for the classic ABA method, without a significant reduction in the accuracy of stand volume estimations. The AABA is potentially applicable in the context of forest management inventory without the necessity for field measurements at local scale. The transportability of the approach to other species and more complex stands needs to be explored in future studies.
Retrieving lithospheric magnetisation distribution from magnetic field models
Authors: Lesur V , Vervelidou F 
Published: October 2019

Summary
We investigate to which extent the radially averaged magnetisation of the lithosphere can be recovered from the information content of a spherical harmonic model of the generated magnetic field when combined with few simple hypotheses. The results obtained show firstly that a hypothesis of magnetisation induced by a field of internal origin, even over a localised area, is not sufficient to recover uniquely the radially averaged magnetisation and, secondly, that this magnetisation can be recovered when a constant magnetisation direction is assumed. An algorithm to recover the magnetisation direction and distribution is then described and tested over a synthetic example. It requires to introduce a cost function that vanishes when estimated in a system of coordinates with its Z axis aligned with the magnetisation direction. Failing to find a vanishingly small value for the cost function is an indication that a constant magnetisation direction is not a valid hypothesis for the studied magnetic field model. The range of magnetisation directions that are compatible with the magnetic field model and a given noise level, can also be estimated. The whole process is illustrated by analysing a local, isolated maximum of the Martian magnetic field.
The short-term seismicity of the Central Ionian Islands (Greece) studied by means of a clustering model
Authors: Mangira Ourania , Console Rodolfo , Papadimitriou Eleftheria , Murru Maura , Karakostas Vasilios 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYEarthquake clustering in the area of Central Ionian Islands (Greece) is statistically modelled by means of the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) branching model, which is the most popular among the short-term earthquake clustering models. It is based upon the assumption that an earthquake is not fully related to any other one in particular, but rather to both all previous events, and the background seismicity. The close temporal proximity of the strong ($M \ge 6.0$) events in the study area offers the opportunity to retrospectively test the validity of the ETAS model through the 2014 Kefalonia doublet (Mw 6.1 and Mw 6.0) and the 2015 Lefkada aftershock sequences. The application of a physics-based earthquake simulator to the local fault system produced a simulated catalogue with time, space and magnitude behaviour in line with the observed seismicity. This catalogue is then used for the detection of short-term interactions between both strong and smaller events and the comparison between the two cases. The results show that the suggested clustering model provides reliable forecasts of the aftershock activity. Combining the ETAS model and the simulator code, though, needs to be more deeply examined since the preliminary results show some discrepancy between the estimated model parameters.
Improving Quality of Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Patients’ Eyes: IQCARO Project
Authors: Calvet Xavier , Saldaña Roberto , Carpio Daniel , Mínguez Miguel , Vera Isabel , Juliá Berta , Marín Laura , Casellas Fransesc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Quality improvement is a major topic in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, and measuring quality of care (QoC) is necessary for QoC improvement. Most QoC projects or consensus statements are designed from the health care professional point of view. Having QoC indicators designed for and fully evaluable by patients may provide a key tool for external evaluation of QoC improvement measures. The aim of the IQCARO project was to identify indicators to measure QoC from the IBD patient’s point of view.

Methods
An extensive review of the literature to identify indicators of QoC was performed; first the identified indicators were reviewed by a steering committee including patients, nurses, IBD specialists, and methodologists. Then 2 focus groups of IBD patients analyzed the QoC indicators to determine whether they could be understood and evaluated by patients. The final QoC indicators were selected by a group of IBD patients using a Delphi consensus methodology.

Results
An initial list of 54 QoC indicators was selected by the steering committee. The QoC indicators were evaluated by 16 patients who participated in 2 focus groups. They identified 21 indicators that fulfilled the understandability and evaluability requirements. The 10 most relevant QoC indicators were selected by 26 patients with IBD using a Delphi consensus. The selected items covered important aspects of QoC, including professionalism, patients’ autonomy, information, accessibility, and continuity of care.

Conclusions
The present Delphi consensus identified QoC indicators that are useful for developing and measuring improvement strategies in the management of IBD.
All-trans Retinoic Acid Counteracts Diarrhea and Inhibition of Downregulated in Adenoma Expression in Gut Inflammation
Authors: Priyamvada Shubha , Anbazhagan Arivarasu N , Kumar Anoop , Chatterjee Ishita , Borthakur Alip , Saksena Seema , Gill Ravinder K , Alrefai Waddah A , Dudeja Pradeep K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal epithelial apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger DRA (downregulated in adenoma, SLC26A3) has emerged as an important therapeutic target for diarrhea, emphasizing the potential therapeutic role of agents that upregulate DRA. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a key vitamin A metabolite, was earlier shown by us to stimulate DRA expression in intestinal epithelial cells. However, its role in modulating DRA in gut inflammation has not been investigated.AimsOur aim was to analyze the efficacy of ATRA in counteracting inflammation-induced decrease in DRA in vitro and in vivo.MethodsInterferon-γ (IFN-γ)-treated Caco-2 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated C57BL/6J mice served as in vitro and in vivo models of gut inflammation, respectively. The effect of ATRA on IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of DRA function, expression, and promoter activity were elucidated. In the DSS colitis model, diarrheal phenotype, cytokine response, in vivo imaging, myeloperoxidase activity, and DRA expression were measured in the distal colon.ResultsAll-trans retinoic acid (10 μM, 24 h) abrogated IFN-γ (30 ng/mL, 24 h)-induced decrease in DRA function, expression, and promoter activity in Caco-2 cells. All-trans retinoic acid altered IFN-γ signaling via blocking IFN-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1. All-trans retinoic acid cotreatment (1 mg/kg BW, i.p. daily) of DSS-treated mice (3% in drinking water for 7 days) alleviated colitis-associated weight loss, diarrheal phenotype, and induction of IL-1β and CXCL1 and a decrease in DRA mRNA and protein levels in the colon.ConclusionOur data showing upregulation of DRA under normal and inflammatory conditions by ATRA demonstrate a novel role of this micronutrient in alleviating IBD-associated diarrhea.
Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy: Safe in Patients With Crohn’s Disease?
Authors: Lightner Amy L , Kearney David , Giugliano Danica , Hull Tracy , Holubar Stefan D , Koh Sharon , Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Due to concerns over wound healing, hemorrhoidectomy in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remains controversial. We sought to ascertain safety and efficacy of excisional hemorrhoidectomy in CD.

Methods
A retrospective review of all adult CD patients undergoing excisional hemorrhoidectomy between January 1, 1995, and January 1, 2019, at 2 IBD referral centers was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical characteristics of CD (anorectal symptoms; prior nonoperative hemorrhoidal therapy; presence of other perianal disease; and activity, duration, and anatomic location of CD), and postoperative complications including bleeding, wound healing, and need for further therapy or surgical intervention after surgery.

Results
A total of 36 adult patients with Crohn’s disease with symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease were included. The study cohort included 16 males (44%), and median age was 49 (range, 21 to 77) years. Predominant symptoms included pain (n = 16; 44%), prolapse (n = 8; 22%), and bleeding (n = 12; 33%). Sixteen patients (44%) had nonoperative therapy before surgery. Twenty-four patients (67%) had other perianal disease. At the time of hemorrhoidectomy, 9 patients (25%) were exposed to corticosteroids, 8 patients (25%) to immunomodulators, and 9 patients (25%) to biologics. During a median follow-up time of 31.5 (range, 1 to 255) months after hemorrhoidectomy, 4 patients (11%) had complications (1 developed a stricture, 1 developed a perianal abscess/fistula, 1 had a nonhealing wound, and 1 had hemorrhoidal recurrence).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that excisional hemorrhoidectomy may be performed safely in CD patients who have failed nonoperative hemorrhoidal therapy without concern for de novo perianal disease or need for proctectomy.
Hemorrhoidal disease is common in patients with Crohn’s disease. This study sought to understand the outcomes of surgically treating hemorrhoids in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Evaluation of Piper marginatum (Piperales: Piperaceae) Oil and Geraniol on the Embryonic Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Comparison to Formulated Products
Authors: Guedes Carolina A , Teixeira Valeria Wanderley , Dutra Kamila A , Navarro Daniela M A F , Cruz Glaucilane S , Lapa Neto Clóvis J C , Correia Alicely A , Sandes Jana M , Brayner Fábio A , Alves Luiz C , Teixeira Álvaro A C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEssential oils and their isolated constituents are constantly being studied for the control of insect pests. In this context, the present research reports the chemical composition of Piper marginatum (Jacq.) oil aiming to: 1) establish lethal concentrations LC30 and LC50 for this oil and the compound geraniol, 2) histologically examine the embryonic development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as 3) compare the efficacy of the P. marginatum oil with that of the botanical insecticide azadirachtin, the synthetic insecticide deltamethrin, and acetone as a negative control. Semithin sections of S. frugiperda eggs revealed that the oil, geraniol, azadirachtin, and deltamethrin affected embryonic development at both concentrations. However, geraniol and the oil were more efficient because they caused more significant damage, even at lower concentrations. SEM revealed that all products altered the morphology of the eggs, modifying the structure of the chorion and making the eggs nonviable. Thus, this work demonstrates that P. marginatum oil is effective in the control of S. frugiperda because it results in embryonic damage even at the lowest concentrations.
Combustion of pneumoperitoneum: a rare danger in the operating room
Authors: McSweeney William T , Kirkby Brian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fire or combustion occurring during laparotomy is an uncommon and potentially hazardous event that can be precipitated by the use of surgical energy devices in the presence of enteric gases or exogenous materials present in the abdomen such as alcohol. Oxygen necessary for a combustive event can be increased in the setting of a proximal enteric injury and with higher concentrations of inspired oxygen during anaesthesia. We report on a case of combustion on entry to the abdomen using monopolar diathermy during exploratory laparotomy for gastric antral perforation in the presence of alcohol and enteric gases.
Combining phenotype, genotype and environment to uncover genetic components underlying water use efficiency in Persian walnut
Authors: Arab Mohammad Mehdi , Marrano Annarita , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam , Leslie Charles A , Cheng Hao , Neale David B , Vahdati Kourosh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Walnut production is challenged by climate change and abiotic stresses. Elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to climate is essential to breeding drought tolerant cultivars for enhanced productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, we aimed to identify loci potentially involved in water use efficiency (WUE) and adaptation to drought in Persian walnut using a diverse panel of 95 walnut families (950 seedlings) from Iran, which show contrasting levels of water availability in their native habitats. We analyzed associations between phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental variables from datasets of 609 K high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), three categories of phenotypic traits (WUE related traits under drought, their drought stress index and principal components), and 21 climate variables and combination of them (first three PCs). Our genotype-phenotype analysis identified 22 significant and 266 suggestive associations, some of which were identified for multiple traits, suggesting their correlation and a possible common genetic control. Also, genotype-environment association analysis found 115 significant and 265 suggestive SNP loci that displayed potential signals of local adaptation. Several sets of stress-responsive genes were found in the genomic regions significantly associated with the aforementioned traits. Most of the candidate genes identified are involved in abscisic acid signaling, stomatal regulation, transduction of environmental signals, antioxidant defense system, osmotic adjustment, and leaf growth and development. Upon validation, the marker-trait associations identified for drought tolerance-related traits would allow the selection and development of new walnut rootstocks or scion cultivars with superior water use efficiency.
Analysis of potential redundancy among Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonase isoforms in peroxisomes
Authors: Lansing Hannes , Doering Lennart , Fischer Kerstin , Baune Marie-Christin , Schaewen Antje Von 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent work revealed that PGD2, an Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) catalysing the third step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP) in peroxisomes, is essential during fertilization. Earlier studies on the second step, catalysed by PGL3, a dually targeted Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6-PGL), reported the importance of OPPP reactions in plastids but their irrelevance in peroxisomes. Assuming redundancy of 6-PGL activity in peroxisomes, we examined the sequences of other higher plant enzymes. In tomato, there exist two 6-PGL isoforms with the strong PTS1 motif SKL. However, their analysis revealed problems regarding peroxisomal targeting: reporter–PGL detection in peroxisomes required construct modification, which was also applied to the Arabidopsis isoforms. The relative contribution of PGL3 versus PGL5 during fertilization was assessed by mutant crosses. Reduced transmission ratios were found for pgl3-1 (T-DNA-eliminated PTS1) and also for knock-out allele pgl5-2. The prominent role of PGL3 showed as compromised growth of pgl3-1 seedlings on sucrose and higher activity of mutant PGL3-1 versus PGL5 using purified recombinant proteins. Evidence for PTS1-independent uptake was found for PGL3-1 and other Arabidopsis PGL isoforms, indicating that peroxisome import may be supported by a piggybacking mechanism. Thus, multiple redundancy at the level of the second OPPP step in peroxisomes explains the occurrence of pgl3-1 mutant plants.
Probing primordial 3He from hyperfine line afterglows around supercritical black holes
Authors: Vasiliev Evgenii O , Sethi Shiv K , Shchekinov Yuri A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We consider the possibility of the detection of 3HeII hyperfine line (rest frequency, $8.67 \, \rm GHz$) emission from ionized zones around accreting black holes (BHs) formed at high redshifts, z = 15–30. We show that the brightness temperature in 8.67GHz line increases and reaches a peak value after the accretion onto the BH exhausts and HeIII recombines into HeII. This period of brightening last up to 40 million years. We find that during this period the maximum brightness temperature reaches ≃ 0.2–0.5μK, depending on the epoch when such a black hole starts growing. The maximum angular size of the region emitting in the hyperfine line is around 0.5′. The flux from such a region ($\simeq 0.3 \, \rm nJy$) is too small to be detected by SKA1-MID. The RMS of the collective flux from many emitting regions from a volume bounded by the synthesized beam and the band-width of SKA1-MID might reach 100 nJy, which is potentially detectable by SKA1-MID.
Asymmetric Distribution of Gene Trees Can Arise under Purifying Selection If Differences in Population Size Exist
Authors: He Chong , Liang Dan , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncomplete lineage sorting (ILS) is an important factor that causes gene tree discordance. For gene trees of three species, under neutrality, random mating, and the absence of interspecific gene flow, ILS creates a symmetric distribution of gene trees: the gene tree that accords with the species tree has the highest frequency, and the two discordant trees are equally frequent. If the neutral condition is violated, the impact of ILS may change, altering the gene tree distribution. Here, we show that under purifying selection, even assuming that the fitness effect of mutations is constant throughout the species tree, if differences in population size exist among species, asymmetric distributions of gene trees will arise, which is different from the expectation under neutrality. In extremes, one of the discordant trees rather than the concordant tree becomes the most frequent gene tree. In addition, we found that in a real case, the position of Scandentia relative to Primate and Glires, the symmetry in the gene tree distribution can be influenced by the strength of purifying selection. In current phylogenetic inference, the impact of purifying selection on the gene tree distribution is rarely considered by researchers. This study highlights the necessity of considering this impact.