bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vivo and in vitro comparison of the effects of amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin sodium antibiotics on the mouse hepatic and renal glutathione reductase enzyme
Authors: Güller Pınar , Budak Harun , Şişecioğlu Melda , Çiftci Mehmet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that the use of antibiotics is increasing worldwide, it is clear that antibiotics can lead to oxidative stress. This is the first study to make a comparison of the impact of frequently prescribed antibiotics, including amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin sodium, on the gene, protein, and activity of glutathione reductase (GR), which is one of the primary antioxidant enzymes, in mouse liver and kidney tissues. First, the GR enzyme was purified by the 2′,5′‐ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography with a specific activity of 84.615 EU/mg protein and 9.63 EU/mg protein from the mouse liver and kidney, respectively. The in vitro inhibitory effects of the antibiotics in question was determined. While cefazolin sodium did not exhibit any inhibitory effect, gentamicin and amoxicillin inhibited GR activity in both tissues. Furthermore, the in vivo effects of these drugs were investigated, and amoxicillin and cefazolin sodium‐inhibited GR activity in both liver and kidney tissues, while gentamicin did not have any effect on the kidney. Besides, while gentamicin downregulated and cefazolin sodium upregulated Gr gene expression, amoxicillin did not alter it. Protein expression was only affected by the administration of cefazolin sodium in the kidney. This study is important as it demonstrates that while amoxicillin and gentamicin showed parallel effects on the GR activity in liver and kidney tissues both in vitro and in vivo, cefazolin sodium had a very strong effect on hepatic and renal GR in vivo. Furthermore, the antibiotics used in this study induced oxidative stress in both tissues.
Effect of black tea and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on eroded dentin in situ
Authors: Ozan Gunce , Sar Sancakli Hande , Yucel Taner 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose of this in situ study was to evaluate the surface properties of eroded dentin specimens activated with three different matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (chlorhexidine [CHX], fluoride, green tea), black tea, and water. One hundred eighty dentin samples were prepared from extracted third molars and then samples divided into six groups. Ten volunteers were carried three specimens of each group, on acrylic palatal appliances, which were fabricated exactly for them (n = 3). Erosive cycles were done by immersing appliances in cup containing Cola and was followed by rinsing with test solutions. Microhardness values were measured. Surface properties were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Lowest change in microhardness was shown in fluoride group whereas negative control group (water) had the highest change. There were no statistically significant differences among surface roughness changes (p > .05). The least change in microhardness was seen in the fluoride group (13.05 ± 8.07), while the control group showed the highest change (33.80 ± 12.42) and was statistically significant when compared to other groups (p < .05). Besides lowest depth, values were shown in fluoride group as well. AFM evaluations showed macromolecular deposits on surfaces of fluoride, CHX, and black tea groups. No superior results were detected in CHX + fluoride group and black tea showed similar surface characteristics as green tea. Mouthrinses containing not only green tea but also black tea could be beneficial for patients with exposed dentin surfaces. Catechines and theaflavins in teas could be useful for improving surface quality.
Clinical impact of radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic body radiation therapy for colorectal liver metastasis as local therapies for elderly, vulnerable patients
Authors: Gotohda Naoto , Nomura Shogo , Doi Manami , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Ohki Takamasa , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Inaba Yoshitaka , Takeda Atsuya , Takaki Haruyuki , Anai Hiroshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Sugimoto Motokazu , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSurgical resection is the standard local therapy for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, elderly and vulnerable patients sometimes have various organ dysfunctions. We have to conduct nonsurgical local therapies for those patients who might not tolerate surgery or systemic chemotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of 254 patients who underwent local therapies, including surgery, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), for CRLM from January 2010 to December 2016, at seven tertiary‐care institutions in Japan. This study was designed to include elderly, vulnerable patients who received local therapy for CRLM. For those undergoing liver resection, only those having one or more points of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were enrolled.ResultsOf the total 169 enrolled patients, 122 patients underwent surgery, 42 RFA, and 5 SBRT as the first local therapy for CRLM. Median overall survival from the first local therapy was 5.9 years for the surgery group, 2.7 years for the RFA group, and 3.8 years for the SBRT group. The proportion of the patients with CCI ≧3 was significantly higher in the group of RFA/SBRT than surgery (P < 0.0001). In selected patients with CCI ≧3, there was no difference of the median survival time between the surgery group and the RFA group.ConclusionsWe could have other treatment options to provide nonsurgical local therapies (RFA/SBRT) for elderly, vulnerable CRLM patients who have risks for surgery.
Cellular, Mineralized, and Programmable Cellulose Composites Fabricated by 3D Printing of Aqueous Pastes Derived from Paper Wastes and Microfibrillated Cellulose
Authors: Stolz Benjamin , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCombining recycling of paper wastes (WPs) with extrusion‐based additive manufacturing represents a sustainable route to cellular cellulose composites tailored for lightweight construction. Particularly, shear mixing of shredded WPs with an aqueous solution of a polymer binder like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yields aqueous pastes suitable for 3D printing. As a shear thinning additive, both WP and microfibrillated cellulose account for enhanced shear thinning and dimensional stability. Opposite to the formation of dense WP/PVA composites by melt extrusion, 3D printing of aqueous pastes produces cellular cellulose/PVA composites exhibiting hierarchical pore architectures. In spite of low densities around 0.8 g cm−3, high Young's modulus (2.0 GPa) and tensile strength (53 MPa) are achieved. Mechanical stability, water resistance, and even flame retardancy simultaneously improve by crosslinking with glyoxal and especially by mineralization. Multimaterial 3D printing combines the 3D dispensing of cellulose/PVA pastes with the simultaneous, staged, or subsequent spraying of aqueous water glass to enable mineralization of composite surface, bulk, and interlayers. Furthermore, the glyoxal‐mediated crosslinking affords thermo‐ and moisture‐responsive cellulose/PVA composites with programmable shape change induced either by heating at 100 °C or by exposure to moisture at 37 °C.
Improved Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Wood/PLA All‐Degradable Biocomposites with Novel Lignin‐Based Flame Retardant and TGIC
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhang Yumei , Qi Yunxia , Wang Hanbing , Liu Biying , Zhao Qi , Zhang Jia , Duan Jinchi , Zhang Liang , Sun Zhaoyan , Liu Baijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a type of all‐degradable flame retardant wood/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposite (FPW) with low cost and excellent mechanical properties is prepared and studied. A novel lignin‐based phosphorus‐containing flame retardant (LMD) is synthesized first. PLA, wood powder, poly(butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate), triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), and LMD are then melt‐blended to prepare FPW. The limiting oxygen index value of PLAF25L15‐4T (25% of L15MD and 4% of TGIC) reaches 28.6%. Furthermore, the residue at 700 °C is up to 31.3%, which apparently helps to increase the flame retardancy of FPW. Its tensile strength is as high as 48.7 MPa. The interfacial compatibilization is much improved as proved by scanning electron microscopy observation. This should be due to the in situ interfacial reaction between PLA, wood, and TGIC, and the lignin component both in wood and LMD. The obtained PLA biocomposite with improved mechanical and flame retardant properties is promising for its wide applications.
Integrated Design of a Mussel‐Inspired Hydrogel Biofilm Composite Structure to Guide Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lin Hua , Fu Yu , Gao Yujie , Mo Anchun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdeal biomedically engineered hydrogels should imitate the physiological environment of natural bone tissue healing. The healing ability of soft tissue is stronger than that of bone tissue, thus leading to premature growth of soft tissue into the bone tissue area of the defect and resulting in poor bone tissue healing at the defect site. In addition, good cellular affinity is necessary to allow for postimplantation fusion with surrounding tissues. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of natural mussels, a polydopamine‐polyacrylamide (PDA‐PAM) single‐network hydrogel and a PDA‐PAM/ACP hydrogel composed of amorphous hydroxyapatite (ACP) is designed to maintain sufficient free catechol groups in the hydrogel by preventing excessive oxidation of dopamine. The hydrogels are found to confer a strong healing ability without stimulation and to have cellular affinity. More notably, separation of the ACP layer and PDA‐PAM hydrogel is not easy to achieve in a synthetic hydrogel. It is found that the hydrogels (PDA‐PAM/ACP) promote bone formation. The gel up‐regulates the expression of osteogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase, runt‐related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin. In vivo, 8‰ PDA‐PAM/ACP gel is found to effectively repair skull defects.
Adjustment of Cell Adhesion on Polyurethane Structures via Control of the Hard/Soft Segment Ratio
Authors: Lutzweiler Gaëtan , Barthes Julien , Vrana Nihal Engin , Rawiso Michel , Louis Benoît , Mayingi Josselin , Carre Albane , Drenckhan Wiebke , Schaaf Pierre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCreating substrates with a similar composition that can either prevent or promote cell adhesion is still a challenging feat. Here, it is shown that a strikingly simple method of tuning the amount of hard segments or isocyanate index (NCOind) of a polyurethane (PU) film allows to modulate cell adhesiveness. PU films are synthesized with NCOind of 75, 100, 200, 300 and 400 corresponding to ratios of isocyanate to hydroxyl functions of 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. The adhesive capacity of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (3T3) and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) are dependent on the NCOind. For NCOind below 300, no cell adhesion can be observed regardless of the cell type, whereas for NCOind of 300 and 400 cells adhere to the PU surface. WAXS and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) studies reveal that variations of NCOind allows to modulate the phase separation in PU films. Porod's law shows that for NCOind of 300 and 400, the hard–soft segment interface is sharp. Conversely, samples with smaller NCOind present diffuse interfaces. Hence, the morphology of the interface between hard and soft domains appears to be a critical feature that correlates with the adhesion capacity of cells.
Quasilinear elliptic equations with critical growth involving jumping nonlinearities
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , Gloss Elisandra , Ribeiro Bruno 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the following class of quasilinear elliptic problems
where is bounded with smooth boundary, g is a nonlinearity with subcritical growth condition and . This class of equations is inspired by the famous Ambrosetti–Prodi problems and here we prove existence of two solutions when the nonlinearity crosses the first eigenvalue, that means , and has one sided critical growth. By using some new and delicate estimates for the Talenti functions associated to the critical problem, we invoke variational methods to obtain our results.
Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes
Authors: Cortés‐Martín Adrián , Selma María Victoria , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco Abraham , González‐Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human‐health‐promoting compounds remains elusive. The two‐way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation of GM by polyphenols and their catabolism by the GM) is determinant in polyphenols’ effects. The identification of human metabotypes associated with a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols has opened new research scenarios to explain the inter‐individual variability upon polyphenols consumption. The metabotypes unequivocally identified so far are those involved in the metabolism of isoflavones (equol and(or) O‐desmethylangolesin producers versus non‐producers) and ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including producers of only urolithin‐A (UM‐A), producers of urolithin‐A, isourolithin‐A, and urolithin‐B (UM‐B), and non‐producers (UM‐0)). In addition, the microbial metabolites (phenolic‐derived postbiotics) such as equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, and enterodiol, and 8‐prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert differential health effects. The knowledge is updated and position is taken here on i) the two‐way interaction between GM and polyphenols, ii) the evidence between phenolic‐derived postbiotics and health, iii) the role of metabotypes as biomarkers of GM and the clustering of individuals depending on their metabotypes (metabotyping) to explain polyphenols’ effects, and iv) the gut microbial metabolism of catecholamines to illustrate the intersection between personalized nutrition and precision medicine.
A study on path loss prediction based on Tikhonov regularization using gradient adaptive step‐size in mountain areas
Authors: Lee Changwon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a method of applying a regularization concept for more accurate path loss prediction in mountainous areas. Tikhonov regularization with gradient adaptive step‐size is used to adjust the path loss model. Measurements were conducted in two mountainous areas to compare the path loss prediction performances. Prediction accuracies were improved by up to 3.42 and 0.95 dB in the average error and the SD of errors by the proposed method when compared to the nontuned log‐distance path loss model and Edwards‐Durkin model with diffraction models.
Egg and Larval Collection Methods Affect Spawning Adult Numbers Inferred by Pedigree Analysis
Authors: Hunter Robert D. , Roseman Edward F. , Sard Nick M. , Hayes Daniel B. , Brenden Travis O. , DeBruyne Robin L. , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Analytical methods that incorporate genetic data are increasingly used in monitoring and assessment programs for important rate functions of fish populations (e.g., recruitment). Because gear types vary in efficiencies and effective sampling areas, results from genetic-based assessments likely differ depending on the sampling gear used to collect genotyped individuals; consequently, management decisions may also be affected by sampling gear. In this study, genetic pedigree analysis conducted on egg and larval Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens collected from the St. Clair–Detroit River system using three gear types was used to estimate and evaluate gear-specific differences in the number of spawning adults that produced the eggs and larvae sampled (Ns), the effective number of breeding adults (Nb), and individual reproductive success. Combined across locations and sampling years, pooled estimates were 330 (Ns; point estimate) and 317 (Nb; 95% CI = 271–372). Mean reproductive success was 4.35 with a variance of 5.33 individuals/spawner. Mean ± SE estimated numbers of unique parents per genotyped egg or larva (i.e., adult detection rate) from 2015 samples were 1.140 ± 0.003 for vertically stratified conical nets, 0.836 ± 0.002 for D-frame nets, and 0.870 ± 0.002 for egg mats. Using samples from 2016, adult detection rates were 0.823 ± 0.001 for D-frame nets and 0.708 ± 0.001 for egg mat collections. Coancestry values were negatively correlated with adult detection rate. Although genetic pedigree analyses can improve the understanding of recruitment in fish populations, this study demonstrates that estimates from genetic analyses can vary with the targeted life stage (a biologically informative outcome) and sampling methodology. This study also highlights the influence of sampling methods on the interpretation of genetic pedigree analysis results when multiple gear types are used to collect individuals. Development of standardization approaches may facilitate spatial and temporal comparisons of genetic-based assessment results.
Arsenic Exposure Decreases Adiposity During High‐Fat Feeding
Authors: Carmean Christopher M. , Kirkley Andrew G. , Landeche Michael , Ye Honggang , Chellan Bijoy , Aldirawi Hani , Roberts Austin A. , Parsons Patrick J. , Sargis Robert M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveArsenic is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical associated with diabetes risk. Increased adiposity is a significant risk factor for diabetes and its comorbidities. Here, the impact of chronic arsenic exposure on adiposity and metabolic health was assessed in mice.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were provided ad libitum access to a normal or high‐fat diet and water +/− 50 mg/L of sodium arsenite. Changes in body weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and locomotor activity were measured. Measures of adiposity were compared with accumulated arsenic in the liver.ResultsDespite uniform arsenic exposure, internal arsenic levels varied significantly among arsenic‐exposed mice. Hepatic arsenic levels in exposed mice negatively correlated with overall weight gain, individual adipose depot masses, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. No effects were observed in mice on a normal diet. For mice on a high‐fat diet, arsenic exposure reduced fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and β‐cell function, and systemic insulin resistance. Arsenic exposure did not alter energy expenditure or activity.ConclusionsCollectively, these data indicate that arsenic is antiobesogenic and that concentration at the source poorly predicts arsenic accumulation and phenotypic outcomes. In future studies, investigators should consider internal accumulation of arsenic rather than source concentration when assessing the outcomes of arsenic exposure.
Introducing switched adaptive control for quadrotors for vertical operations
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Viswa N. , Roy Spandan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWith the advent of intelligent transport, quadrotors are becoming an attractive solution while lifting or dropping of payloads during emergency evacuations, construction works, etc. During such operations, dynamic variations in (possibly unknown) payload cause considerable changes in the system dynamics. However, a systematic control solution to tackle such interchanging dynamical behavior is still missing. This paper proposes a switched dynamical framework to capture the interchanging dynamics of a quadrotor during vertical operations and a robust adaptive control solution to tackle such dynamics when it is unknown. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied analytically and the effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified via simulations.
Safety and efficacy of step‐down to oral outpatient treatment versus inpatient antimicrobial treatment in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: A noninferiority multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Avilés‐Robles Martha J. , Reyes‐López Alfonso , Otero‐Mendoza Francisco J. , Valencia‐Garin Amilcar U. , Peñaloza‐González José G. , Rosales‐Uribe Rómulo E. , Muñoz‐Hernández Onofre , Garduño‐Espinosa Juan , Juárez‐Villegas Luis , Zapata‐Tarrés Marta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that low‐risk febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes can be treated in a step‐down manner in the outpatient setting. This recommendation has been limited to implementation in middle‐income countries due to concerns about infrastructure and lack of trained personnel. We aimed to determine whether early step‐down to oral antimicrobial outpatient treatment is not inferior in safety and efficacy to inpatient intravenous treatment in children with low‐risk FN.ProcedureA noninferiority randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in three hospitals in Mexico City. Low‐risk FN was identified in children younger than 18 years. After 48 to 72 hours of intravenous treatment, children were randomly allocated to receive outpatient oral treatment (experimental arm, cefixime) or to continue inpatient treatment (standard of care, cefepime). Daily monitoring was performed until neutropenia resolution. The presence of any unfavorable clinical outcome was the endpoint of interest. We performed a noninferiority test for comparison of proportions.ResultsWe identified 1237 FN episodes; 117 cases were randomized: 60 to the outpatient group and 57 for continued inpatient treatment. Of the FN episodes, 100% in the outpatient group and 93% in the inpatient group had a favorable outcome (P < 0.001). The mean duration of antibiotics was 4.1 days (SD 2.5; 95% CI, 3.4‐4.8 days) in the outpatient group and 4.4 days (SD 2.5; 95% CI, 3.7‐5.0 days) in the inpatient group (P = 0.70).ConclusionsIn our population, step‐down oral outpatient treatment of low‐risk FN was as safe and effective as inpatient intravenous treatment. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT04000711.