bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP2C and CYP2B Mediated Metabolic Activation of Retrorsine in Cyp3a Knockout Mice
Authors: Pang Xiaoyan , Tang Chongzhuang , Kong Fandi , Chen Meixia , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2020

Background:Retrorsine is one of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which could be converted into a highly reactive metabolite, dehydroretrorsine, by CYP3A, and to a lesser extent by CYP2C and CYP2B.Objective:We employed Cyp3a knockout (3AKO) mice to investigate whether the absence of CYP3A could attenuate dehydroretrorsine formation and the role of CYP2C and CYP2B in the formation.Methods:Blood and liver samples were collected after intragastrical administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine or saline for seven days in wild-type (WT) and 3AKO mice. Blood pyrrole-protein adducts were semi quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The formations of glutathionyl-6,7-dihydro-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (GSH-DHP) and the activities of CYP3A, CYP2B and CYP2C were evaluated in the liver microsomes of WT and 3AKO mice before and after treatment. The metabolic phenotype of retrorsine was determined in human liver microsomes. The gene and protein expression of retrorsine metabolism-related CYP450s in the liver was measured by quantitative real-time PCR method and western blotting method. The serum cytokine level was detected by the ELISA method to reveal the potential mechanism of Cyp3a, Cyp2b and Cyp2c downregulation.Results:After an oral administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine for seven days, the blood exposures of DHP adducts between WT and 3AKO mice were similar, consistent with the comparable formation of GSH-DHP in their liver microsomes. The chemical inhibitor experiment in liver microsomes indicated the predominant role of CYP3A and CYP2C in GSH-DHP formation in WT and 3AKO mice, respectively. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that the expressions of Cyp2b10 and Cyp2cs increased 2.3-161-fold in 3AKO mice, which was consistent with protein changes. The increased CYP2B activity in 3AKO mice supported the potential role of CYP2B in GSH-DHP formation. After a seven-day treatment of retrorsine, the yields of GSH-DHP were lower than the untreated ones in both alleles, accompanied by the decreased mRNA of Cyp3a, Cyp2b and Cyp2c. The increased serum IL6 might mediate the retrorsine-induced downregulation of Cyp450s.Conclusion:These data demonstrated the increased transcription of Cyp2c and Cyp2b caused by Cyp3a ablation, which played a vital role in the metabolic activation of retrorsine, and long-term exposure of retrorsine can reduce the CYP450 activities.
The Association of Hot/Cold Status of Temperament with Depression and
Hopelessness Scores in Females
Authors: Aliabadi Shabnam , Alvyar Laleh , Zendehboodi Zahra 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
One of the basic concepts of traditional medicine (TM) is temperament (mizaj), which plays an
important role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In TM, depression and hopelessness were assumed to be related with
coldness of temperament. To verify this assumption, the current study was design to examine the association of depression
and hopelessness with hot/cold status of temperament in females.

Methods:
The sample included 340 healthy females from Fars province, southern Iran. Depression and hopelessness scores
were measured using Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s hopelessness scales, respectively. Participants’ hot/cold status
of temperament were determined using a self-reported temperament identification scale which classified the volunteers’
temperament into three groups including warm, temperate and cold. One way analysis of variance and the post-hoc Bonferoni test were applied for comparison between the study groups.

Results:
According to the result, the mean of depression and hopelessness scores in cold group were significantly higher
than that of warm group (for depression: p < 0.01, for hopelessness: p < 0.01).

Discussion:
The results of this study revealed the association of depression and hopelessness scores with coldness of temperament which support the theoretical principles of TM concerning the correlation of coldness with less positive modes.

Conclusion:
As the conclusion, based on the data of this study, depression and hopelessness scores appear to be affected
by the temperament. These findings therefore may promise to take advantage of traditional medicine in the prevention and
treatment of mental disorders.
Profiling of Autophagy-Associated microRNAs in the Osteosarcoma Cell Line of U2OS
Authors: Mutlu Harun , Mutlu Serhat , Bostancıklıoğlu Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Autophagy is a cellular process that plays role in the destruction of proteins and organelles. It has been shown
that impaired autophagic flux triggers canceration, infectious disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been suggested that tumor
formation is inhibited by autophagy that reduces oxidative stress and recycles damaged organelles. microRNAs are 17–25 bp in length,
single-stranded, and non-coding small RNAs that play roles in the regulation of metabolic gene expression at the post-transcriptional
level. Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that affects mainly children and adolescents.

Objective:
The current article aims to profile autophagy-associated miRNAs in osteosarcoma cell lines and to
examine the therapeutical potentials of these miRNAs by suppressing their expressions with Adriamycin and
Rapamycin.

Methods:
We used fluidigm dynamic array nanofluidic chip 96.96 for mRNA expression assay in osteosarcoma
cell line U2OS.

Results:
It was probed that after the suppression of autophagy-associated miRNAs by adriamycin and rapamycin,
while most of the miRNAs were down-regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines, some miRNAs’ expressions, such as
miR-3141, miR-4296, miR-133b, and miR-720, were strikingly increased. Rapamycin and adriamycin, mTOR
inhibitors, stir autophagic machinery, which results in decreased cell survival.

Conclusion:
Together, we propose that the expressions of miR-3141, miR-4296, miR-133b, and miR-720 might
exacerbate the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma; therefore, the suppression of these miRNAs with the loss-offunction
approaches could be an appropriate strategy that is worth testing in osteosarcoma.
Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamans Against BSO Induced Anxiety via its Antioxidant Machinery and by Elevating Catecholamines and GABA levels in Mice
Authors: Razack Sakina , Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , Amruta Narayanappa , Khanum Farhath 
Published: December 2020

Aims:
In the present study we aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of Nardostachys
jatamansi against BSO induced anxiety in mice.

Background:
Oxidative stress is implicated in nervous system impairment and development of
anxiety-like disorders. There is an immediate surge for identification of herbal supplements to treat
oxidative stress mediated anxiety and neurodegener-ation.

Objective:
In present study, we analyzed the metabolites present in 70 % ethanolic extract of Nardostachys
jatamansi (NJE) by LC-ESI-MS/MS and RP-HPLC. Oxidative stress was induced using
BSO (300 mg/kg) for 7 days after pretreatment with Nardostachys jatamansi extract (250 mg/kg)
followed by assessing anxiety levels in mice using behavioural indices and biochemical parameters
as well as western blot of two important biomarkers linking oxidative stress with anxiety viz gly-oxalase
1 and glutathione reductase.

Methods:
LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE.
RP-HPLC analysis for neurotransmitter content, behavioural tests for anxiety analysis, oxidative
stress markers by biochemical analysis, and west-ern blot analysis for oxidative stress markers
were evaluated.

Result:
LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE.
A total of 15 metabolites were identified. RP-HPLC analysis for serotonin and melatonin content
revealed an enriched melatonin content 72.19 ± 1.6 μg/g, however, serotonin could not be detected.
The anxiolytic tests employed showed that BSO-induced oxidative stress for 7 days caused a significant
decrement in time spent in open arm of EPM, in exploratory behavior in OFT and light compartment
of LDB and also in a number of licks and shocks accepted in VCT. NJE further decreased
oxidative stress mediated markers in serum viz cortisol, lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in
brain and improved the antioxidant status of brain (GPx, GR, GST, SOD, CAT, and ABTS). NJE
also mitigated levels of choline and glutamate in brain. Moreover, NJE in-creased brain GABA and
monoamine levels thereby effectively overcoming the anxiety-like effects of BSO.

Conclusion:
These results clearly suggest that OS mediates anxiety and NJE could be an effective
remedy in treating oxi-dative stress mediated anxiety and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Assessment of Internet Hospitals in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Cross-Sectional Data Analysis Study
Authors: Xu Xingyan , Cai Yingying , Wu Siying , Guo Jianhui , Yang Le , Lan Jieli , Sun Yi , Wang Bingbing , Wu Jieyu , Wang Tinggui , Huang Shuna , Lin Yawen , Hu Yuduan , Chen Mingjun , Gao Xuecai , Xie Xiaoxu 
Published: December 2020

Background
Internet hospitals in China are being rapidly developed as an innovative approach to providing health services. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the development of internet hospitals that promote outpatient service delivery to the public via internet technologies. To date, no studies have assessed China's internet hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of China's internet hospitals and assess the health service capacity of these hospitals.

Methods
Data on 711 internet hospitals were collected from official websites, the WeChat (Tencent Inc) platform, smartphone apps, and the Baidu search engine until July 16, 2020.

Results
As of July 16, 2020, 711 internet hospitals were developed in mainland China. More than half of these internet hospitals (421/711, 59.2%) were established during 2019 (206/711, 29%) and 2020 (215/711, 30.2%). Furthermore, about one-third (215/711, 30.2%) of internet hospitals were established at the beginning of 2020 as an emergency response to the COVID-19 epidemic. The 711 internet hospitals consisted of the following 3 types of hospitals: government-oriented (42/711, 5.91%), hospital-oriented (143/711, 20.11%), and enterprise-oriented internet hospitals (526/711, 73.98%). The vast majority of internet hospitals were traditional hospitals (526/711, 74%). Nearly 46.1% (221/711) of internet hospitals requested doctors to provide health services at a specific web clinic. Most patients (224/639, 35.1%) accessed outpatient services via WeChat. Internet hospitals’ consulting methods included SMS text messaging consultations involving the use of graphics (552/570, 96.8%), video consultations (248/570, 43.5%), and telephone consultations (238/570, 41.8%). The median number of available web-based doctors was 43, and the median consultation fees of fever clinics and other outpatient clinics were ¥0 (US $0) per consultation and ¥6 (US $0.93) per consultation, respectively. Internet hospitals have provided various services during the COVID-19 pandemic, including medical prescription, drug delivery, and medical insurance services.

Conclusions
The dramatic increase of internet hospitals in China has played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Internet hospitals provide different and convenient medical services for people in need.
Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 During the First Nationwide Lockdown in Vietnam: Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Ngoc Cong Duong Khanh , Nguyen Le Bao Tien , Thi Lan Nguyen Phuong , Vo Van Thanh , Phung Lam Toi , Pham Gia Anh , Anuratpanich Luerat , Vo Van Bay 
Published: December 2020

Background
The first nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic was implemented in Vietnam from April 1 to 15, 2020. Nevertheless, there has been limited information on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of the public.

Objective
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological issues and identify the factors associated with the psychological impact of COVID-19 during the first nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam.

Methods
We employed a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. A self-administered, online survey was used to collect data and assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants from April 10 to 15, 2020. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were utilized to assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants during social distancing due to COVID-19. Associations across factors were explored using regression analysis.

Results
A total of 1385 respondents completed the survey. Of this, 35.9% (n=497) experienced psychological distress, as well as depression (n=325, 23.5%), anxiety (n=195, 14.1%), and stress (n=309, 22.3%). Respondents who evaluated their physical health as average had a higher IES-R score (beta coefficient [B]=9.16, 95% CI 6.43 to 11.89), as well as higher depression (B=5.85, 95% CI 4.49 to 7.21), anxiety (B=3.64, 95% CI 2.64 to 4.63), and stress (B=5.19, 95% CI 3.83 to 6.56) scores for DASS-21 than those who rated their health as good or very good. Those who self-reported their health as bad or very bad experienced more severe depression (B=9.57, 95% CI 4.54 to 14.59), anxiety (B=7.24, 95% CI 3.55 to 10.9), and stress (B=10.60, 95% CI 5.56 to 15.65). Unemployment was more likely to be associated with depression (B=3.34, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.01) and stress (B=2.34, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.85). Regarding worries about COVID-19, more than half (n=755, 54.5%) expressed concern for their children aged <18 years, which increased their IES-R score (B=7.81, 95% CI 4.98 to 10.64) and DASS-21 stress score (B=1.75, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.24). The majority of respondents (n=1335, 96.4%) were confident about their doctor’s expertise in terms of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, which was positively associated with less distress caused by the outbreak (B=–7.84, 95% CI –14.58 to –1.11).

Conclusions
The findings highlight the effect of COVID-19 on mental health during the nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. The study provides useful evidence for policy decision makers to develop and implement interventions to mitigate these impacts.
MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: TOMAR BALVIR SINGH , RAJ PREETI , SUMAN SUPRIYA , SINGH PRATIMA , NATHIYA DEEPAK 
Published: December 2020

Objective: As there is a dearth of researches targeting the Indian population on this issue, we decided to conduct a survey to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life of Indians.
Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, a total of 2245 participants above 16 y of age were included. Mental health variables were assessed via depression, anxiety and stress subscale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-7), Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-15), Quality of life (QoL-5) and social media exposure.
Results: The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated female (OR-1.17, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.38) had significantly higher depression scores whereas, housewife had higher depression (OR-1.68, 95% CI: 1.33 to 2.13), anxiety (OR-1.64, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.35), insomnia (OR-1.32, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.53), somatic symptoms (OR-1.76, 95% CI: 1.21 to 2.57). Front line workers had a higher psychological impact with increased scores of anxieties (OR-1.23, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.53), stress (OR-1.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 2.55), insomnia (OR-1.65, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.09). Lower education level had significantly higher score in depression (OR-1.14, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.32), insomnia (OR-2.42, 95% CI: 2.07 to 2.84), somatic symptoms (OR-2.59, 95% CI: 1.80 to 3.37). Poor physical health, social media exposure was significantly associated with heightened anxiety score.
Conclusion: There is a need for psychological intervention as the dynamics and severity of COVID-19 is rapidly changing. These findings could guide the public health authorities to target and implement health measures to combat the pandemic.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF N-MIRACLE (POLYHERBAL FORMULATION) AGAINST ETHANOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Authors: ANGAPPAN MEENATCHI SUNDARAM 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this current study is to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of N-Miracle (a polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced toxicity in male albino rats.
Methods: Male Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were used for the study. A total of 30 male albino rats were selected, divided into five groups. Ethanol-induced liver damage was done on Group III, IV, and V. Group I and Group II served as a normal and drug (N-Miracle) control. After the treatment period, the rats were anaesthetized by light ether anesthesia in a lethal chamber. Hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, histopathological examination are carried out to document the hepatoprotective effect of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation).
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of Aspartate Aminotransaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in ethanol-induced rats as compared to normal and drug control Groups. The level of total protein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in ethanol-treated rats. The toxic impact of ethanol was found to be restored in rats treated with N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation). The present study also exhibited the enzymatic antioxidant efficacy of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced toxicity in rats by increasing the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and decreasing the activity of Glutathione-S-transferase in the liver. The findings are also correlated with histopathological examination of N-Miracle treated group, which shows hepatic regeneration and decrease in degradation of hepatocytes.
Conclusion: This study could provide a possible explanation to hepatotoxicity resulting from exposure to ethanol. The findings of the present study revealed the ameliorative effect of N-Miracle (Polyherbal formulation) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by improving the liver function, increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and restoring the morphological features of the liver.
PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG OUTDOOR PATIENTS IN MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: LATA SUMAN , KHAJURIA VIJAY , SAWHNEY VINEETA , SHAH SANJAY 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the outpatient department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of pharmacology in collaboration with department of medicine of Govt Medical College Kathua for a period of one month. Prescription of all patients attending medicine OPD who were prescribed antibiotics was analysed.
Results: A total of 450 prescription of OPD patients were analysed. Out of these 200 prescriptions of patients had antibiotics prescribed. 98% of prescriptions had oral antibiotics and other 2% were prescribed injectable antibiotics. 70 % of prescriptions were on the single antibiotic and in 30% of prescriptions, fixed-dose combination were prescribed. Cefpodoxime antibiotic was most commonly prescribed in the cephalosporin group, followed by amoxy-clavulanic acid, azithromycin. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics was 34% and it was quite high in our study.
Conclusions: Cefpodoxime was most commonly prescribed in cephalosporin group among all antibiotics. Irrational prescribing was quite high in present study. Our result calls for the urgency of refresher courses like stewardship programmes regarding antibiotic use to avoid irrational usage.
DOS DESAFIOS ÀS ESTRATÉGIAS DE SUPERAÇÃO DO FISIOTERAPEUTA DO NASF: UM OLHAR DO RESIDENTE
Authors: Sousa Paulo Henrique Caetano de , Pinheiro Denise Gonçalves Moura , Arruda Gisele Maria Melo Soares , Coutinho Bernardo Diniz 
Published: December 2020

Como parte do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (Nasf), o fisioterapeuta, na atenção primária, deve desenvolver ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças que perpassam práticas de matriciamento, planejamento estratégico, análise situacional, territorialização, atendimentos individuais, compartilhados, visitas domiciliares etc. Objetiva-se descrever as competências e discutir as dificuldades de execução das atribuições do fisioterapeuta do Nasf diante da realidade de um município cearense com base na ótica de um fisioterapeuta residente em saúde da família. Trata-se de relato de experiência em que foi utilizado o método narrativo-analítico com base nos relatos e no cotidiano vivenciados pelo autor no município de Horizonte, CE. Para se executar adequadamente essas atribuições, o profissional necessita de um aparato técnico e logístico que muitos municípios não conseguem ofertar, tais como material para intervenção prática, meio de transporte adequado e uma equipe multiprofissional que contemple as necessidades da área. Em Horizonte, tendo em vista sua demografia e sua recente de fundação, não houve possibilidade de realização das atribuições já explanadas. Pode-se relatar a dificuldade na utilização do transporte para as visitas domiciliares e demais atividades externas, o rigor da formação do fisioterapeuta com foco clínico e barreiras na realização do apoio matricial. Contudo, o profissional busca criar estratégias para realização do serviço de modo adequado e para gerenciar grupos e atividades de intervenção multidisciplinar. Para reduzir as dificuldades, faz-se necessário que os gestores forneçam apoio institucional a fisioterapeuta, convoque por concurso público mais profissionais de modo a cobrir o território e oferte capacitação específica conforme a linha de cuidado do Nasf.
Palavras-chave: Fisioterapia. Atenção primária à saúde. Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família.
EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS DA ALIMENTAÇÃO NA PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Sousa Ronny Cleyton Santos de , Silva Líscia Divana Carvalho , Dias Rosilda Silva , Silva Andréa Cristina Oliveira , Silva Paulo Eduardo Sousa , Silva Letícia de Paula Carvalho 
Published: December 2020

Diferentes padrões dietéticos modulam múltiplos aspectos do processo aterosclerótico, como níveis lipídicos, resistência à insulina, metabolismo glicídico, pressão arterial, fenômenos oxidativos, função endotelial e inflamação vascular, o que consequentemente interfere na prevalência de eventos cardiovasculares. Este estudo investiga as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a alimentação na prevenção e tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de abril a junho de 2018 nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Medline, PubMed, Cinahl e Capes. Obteve-se uma amostra de 12 artigos. Os padrões alimentares mais bem estudados foram a Dieta mediterrânea (MedDiet) e a Abordagem dietética para parar a hipertensão (DASH). A MedDiet e a DASH reduzem a pressão arterial, os níveis de lipoproteína de alta densidade e colesterol total, a glicemia e o ganho de peso a longo prazo, retardando a progressão subclínica da aterosclerose, associada ao menor risco de eventos clínicos. As evidências mostram que a relação da alimentação na prevenção e tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares está cada vez mais elucidada. A utilização dessas dietas traz benefícios satisfatórios para a saúde cardiovascular.
Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco. Doenças cardiovasculares. Prevenção de doenças.