bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 E IDOSOS COMO POPULAÇÃO DE RISCO: ASPECTOS PARA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Bezerra Polyana Caroline de Lima , Lima Luiz Carlos Ribeiro de , Dantas Sandro Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: discorrer sobre a fisiopatogênese da COVID-19 e vulnerabilidade clínica do indivíduo idoso, além de aspectos relevantes para promoção da saúde e do autocuidado da pessoa idosa.Desenvolvimento: realizou-se investigação dos temas em plataformas científicas de busca, além de documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial de Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde. O vírus causador da COVID-19 apresenta, fundamentalmente, complicações respiratórias. O processo de senescência do aparelho respiratório torna o idoso vulnerável tanto para infecção, como para agravamento e letalidade. Atividade física, nutrição adequada, qualidade do sono, exposição ao sol, saúde mental e espiritualidade permitem a preservação e promoção da saúde dos sistemasimunológicos e respiratórios, e devem ser estimuladas para o autocuidado do idoso.Conclusão: esta reflexão contribui para orientação de profissionais de saúde no cuidadogerontológico de enfermagem, no procedimento de educação em saúde dos aspectos referentes à prevenção e autocuidado dos idosos, como população de risco paraC OVID-19.
ATUAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Franzoi Mariana André Honorato , Cauduro Fernanda Leticia Frates 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre a atuação de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem durante a pandemia de Covid-19.Desenvolvimento: ao se considerar os recentes acontecimentos no cenário da saúde brasileira e as ações estratégicas que incluem os estudantes de enfermagem no combate à pandemia, reflexões acerca das competências, responsabilidades, obrigações e deveres desses devem ser consideradas. Discute-se as posições de entidades e órgãos regulamentadores sobre a participação dos estudantes de enfermagem no atual cenário pandêmico.Considerações finais: diante do crescente número de profissionais de saúde infectados, é premente assegurar atuação estratégica, segura e responsável de estudantes de enfermagem que se colocam disponíveis para estar em instituições de saúde, prestando cuidado e assistência de enfermagem a pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados pela Covid-19.
ENFERMAGEM BRASILEIRA NO COMBATE À INFODEMIA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Soares Samira Silva Santos , Carvalho Eloá Carneiro , Varella Thereza Christina Mó y Mó Loureiro , Adrade Karla Biancha Silva de , Souza Thaisa Dantas de Oliveira , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar, a partir de publicações do site do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem, os léxicos que mantêm relação com a temática “Combate à infodemia durante a pandemia da Covid-19”.Método: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo documental, cujas fontes primárias foram reportagens e notícias divulgadas no site do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem durante a Semana de Enfermagem de 2020. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ®. Por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, identificou-se o léxico mais frequente da classe que trata a temática investigada e este foi processado a partir da nuvem de palavras.Resultado: o léxico mais frequente identificado foi “desinformação”.Conclusão: o excesso de informação durante a pandemia tem causado desinformação, já que muitos dos conteúdos que circulam pelas redes sociais são dados imprecisos ou falsos, que dificultam o acesso às informações legítimas que a população e os profissionais de saúde precisam no atual momento da pandemia.
Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: Role of the Bacterial Infections
Authors: Borzio Mauro , Dionigi Elena 
Published: September 2020

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) refers to a syndrome characterized by acute deterioration of liver function of a pre-existing chronic liver disease with increased short-term mortality at 3 months due to multiorgan failure. Definition of ACLF has been refined, but differences between western and eastern areas still exist. Diagnosis of ACLF as recommended by the EASL-CLIF consortium is based on the assessment of organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is attributable to an exaggerated host response to inflammation, responsible for the severe haemodynamic derangement leading to multiorgan failure. ACLF is triggered by precipitating events like acute hepatitis either viral, drug-induced, toxic, or alcoholic, variceal bleeding and sepsis. Bacterial infection is currently considered the most frequent trigger of ACLF in Western countries. Cirrhotic patients, particularly if decompensated are prone to develop bacterial infection because loss of integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Bacterial translocation may develop into overt infection at different sites, along with sepsis and septic shock that may lead to ACLF. Epidemiology of bacterial infection in cirrhosis has been changing and this accounts for new antibiotic regimens as empirical therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection. In this chapter, we will discuss on definition, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and therapy of bacterial infection-related ACLF.
A Case of Resolved Vincristine-Induced Constipation Following Osteopathic Medicine in a Patient With Infantile Fibrosarcoma
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Wolf Kimberly , Setty Bhuvana A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vincristine-induced constipation is a common side effect in pediatric oncology patients. We report the case of an infant with histologic diagnosis of infantile fibrosarcoma who developed significant constipation because of ongoing vincristine administration. She was treated with osteopathic manipulative treatment and had significant improvement in symptoms. She was able to stop her home lactulose bowel regimen without signs or symptoms of constipation. This case demonstrates the benefit of osteopathic manipulative treatment for chemotherapy-induced constipation as an effective and simple supportive care option without added adverse events.
The distributed ledger technology as a measure to minimize risks of poor-quality pharmaceuticals circulation
Authors: Erokhin Aleksandr , Koshechkin Konstantin , Ryabkov Ilya 
Published: September 2020

Background
In the modern world, millions of people suffer from fake and poor-quality medical products entering the market. Violation of the rules of transportation of drugs makes them ineffective and even dangerous. The relationship between the various parts of the supply chain, production and regulation of drugs is too hard and has many problems. Distributed ledger technology is a distributed database, the properties of which allow us to track the entire path of medical products from the manufacturer to consumer, to improve the current model of the supply chain, to transform the pharmaceutical industry and prevent falsified drugs reach the market.

Objective
The aim of the article is to analyze the distributed ledger technology as an innovative means of poor-quality pharmaceuticals prevention to reach the market as well as their forehanded detection.

Methods
Content analysis of web sites of companies developing distributed ledger technology solutions had been performed. Five examples found with a google search engine by keywords “distributed ledger technology”, “blockchain”, “pharmaceuticals” and “supply chain” were examined. Analysis of relative scientific publications had been made. With the help of generalization and systematization methods, services provided by these companies were analyzed. The visual model of the supply chain was created with Microsoft Visio software.

Results
The analysis results contain a principle scheme of distributed ledger technology implementation to achieve the objectives. The analysis of present-day pharmaceuticals supply chain structure and the distributed ledger technology capacities to improve pharmaceutical companies has been carried out and presented. Furthermore, the article allows getting acquainted with today’s projects released to the market as well as the prognosis of the distributed ledger technology in pharmaceutical industry enhancement in the future.
Isolation of hexavalent chromium (VI) tolerant fungi from tannery effluent and their growth responses to different concentrations of chromium (VI)
Authors: Guha Soumyajit , Debnath Sampa , Gayen Saswati 
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this study was to isolate, characterize, and determine chromium (VI) tolerance capacities of fungal strains from tannery effluent of the Kolkata Leather Complex area. Chromium (VI) is a heavy metal that is known to be toxic as well as carcinogenic. It is an important heavy metal widely used in various industries of which the tanning industry deserves special mention. The majority of Cr (VI) waste is discharged into the environment annually as a consequence of industrial and manufacturing activities. Kolkata Leather Complex is an industrial complex intended to serve as a central leather-tanning complex for Kolkata located at Bantala, near East Kolkata, India. Samples (tannery effluent) were collected in sterile capped tubes from Kolkata Leather Complex Area and brought to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were serially diluted and were plated on Czapekdox agar plates and incubated at 300C. After a few days, a number of morphologically different colonies were selected and sequentially subcultured for pure colony isolation on the same medium. They were preserved in the refrigerator at 40 C. Lactophenol cotton blue staining was done to observe and record the fungal morphological characteristics. They were further assessed for their hexavalent chromium tolerance capacities and subsequently the metal tolerance index was derived for each strain respectively. All 16 fungal strains isolated from the Kolkata Leather Complex tannery area were found to be chromium (VI) tolerant starting at 0.1mg/ml Cr (VI) concentration. Maximum chromium (VI) tolerance was displayed by sample S12 (2mg/ml) which was later identified as having 99.82% similarity with Aspergillus nomius strain.Keywords: effluent, fungi, heavy metal, isolation, hexavalent chromium, tannery, tolerance.
A comparative study on the nutritional value of three Polychaete species used in Shrimp Aquaculture
Authors: Bharath Jayaseelan , Priya Adikesavan , Stella Chelladurai 
Published: September 2020

The potential use of polychaete worms are as a dietary source of protein, lipid, amino acids, and vitamins for aquaculture species and also used for alternative feeds of fish meal and fish oils. Many recent studies have been documented the nutritional benefits of polychaetes for aquaculture species, for their satisfactory food intake and reproductive performance in brood stock.Most of the polychaetes were used in hatcheries are wild caught. The commercial harvesting of polychaetes may leads to the disturbance in the benthic community and the ecosystem and also may leads to the depleting population in the ecosystem. Further the development of polychaete culture is therefore of economic importance beyond that the associated bait supply industry which is acted as the initial catalyst for this development. Hence, the present study has been made with three different polychaete species, to assess the nutritional value of the three species, one from imported (Nereis virens) and two locally available species (Perenereis cultrifera and Glycera sp) for commercial uses of the shrimp aquaculture industry.Key words : Polychaete worms, Perenereis species, fatty acids. amino acids, Minerals.
Studies on Some Cytokines, CD4, Hepcidin, Iron, and Some Haematological Parameters of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu, Emmanuel , Uzoma Obeagu, Getrude , Nonyelum Esimai, Bessie , Amaeze Amaeze Augustine , Ngozi Amaeze, Florence , Ijego Asogwa, Eucharia 
Published: September 2020

The research was done to evaluate the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL- 10, iron status, hepcidin and haematological parameters of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus in a tertiary hospital, Southeast, Nigeria. Four hundred (400) subjects aged 18-60 years were selected for this study. The participants comprised of PTB (200 subjects) and HIV (200 subjects). Whole blood of 7ml was collected from each participant; 4.5ml of blood was added to plain tubes for assay of cytokines, hepcidin and iron and 2.5ml for FBC, CD4 count and HIV screening. The cytokines and hepcidin were determined using Melsin ELISA Kits and Teco Diagnostics kits used for iron. Full blood count was determined by automation using Mindray BC-5300. The study revealed significant difference in IFN-γ (P=0.000), IL-6 (P=0.000) IL-10 (P=0.001), hepcidin (P=0.016), TIBC (P=0.005), %TSA (P=0.001), WBC (P=0.000), Neutrophils (P=0.000), Lymphocytes (P=0.000), Monocytes (,P=0.000), RBC (P=0.000), Haemoglobin (P=0.000), PCV (P=0.000), MCV (P=0.000), MCH (P=0.000), MCHC (P=0.000), Platelets (P=0.000), ESR (P=0.000) and no significant difference in CD4 (P=0.605), Iron (P=0.787),Eosinophils (P=0.724), Basophil (P=0.869) when compared between control and HIV subjects respectively. There were changes in the cytokines, hepcidin, TIBC, %TSA and haematological parameters studied in the subjects. There were increase in the levels of cytokines studied in patients with Pulmonary TB and HIV. The cytokines and hepcidin can be used as adjuncts to prognostic and diagnostic indicators as their levels decreased with increased duration of treatment of the patients.
Bimetallic Oxide FeWOX Nanosheets as Multifunctional Cascade Bioreactors for Tumor Microenvironment‐Modulation and Enhanced Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gong Fei , Chen Muchao , Yang Nailin , Dong Ziliang , Tian Longlong , Hao Yu , Zhuo Mingpeng , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian , Cheng Liang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModulating the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) rather than directly killing cancer cells may be an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic benefits in cancer treatment. Herein, FeWOX nanosheets are constructed as cascade bioreactors to modulate the TME and enhance radiotherapy and immunotherapy of tumors. Synthesized by the thermal‐decomposition method and modified by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the obtained FeWOX‐PEG with multivalent metal elements (Fe2+/3+, W5+/6+) exhibit efficient catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemo‐dynamic therapy (CDT). The generated high valence of metal ions (Fe3+/W6+) in FeWOX‐PEG are reduced by endogenous glutathione (GSH), both leading to depletion of GSH and further amplified oxidative stress, and resulting in the reduced metal valence statuses (Fe2+/W5+) enabling cascade bioreactions. Such FeWOX‐PEG bioreactors enhance the oxidative stress in the tumor and interact with X‐rays, significantly improving cancer radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced inflammation caused by FeWOX‐PEG in TME activates the immune system and promotes the tumor‐infiltration of various types of immune cells, which working together with cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) checkpoint blockade could elicits a robust immune response to defeat tumors.
Engineering Stem Cell Derived Biomimetic Vesicles for Versatility and Effective Targeted Delivery
Authors: Wu Honghui , Jiang Xinchi , Li Yaosheng , Zhou Yi , Zhang Tianyuan , Zhi Pei , Gao Jianqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo date, only few a types of nanomedicines have been made available for clinical use even in the most common liposomal delivery systems, due to significant constraints, including poor targeting of specific cells, hindered penetration, and accelerated clearance. Various intricate designs have been generated and show improvements, while also bringing new problems. Biological cells, possessing advantages like low immunogenicity, long circulation time, receptors integration, and innate targeting capability. Herein, liposomes are innovatively functionalized with a stem cell membrane through a facile approach. The biomimetic vesicles achieve controlled release, exhibit better stability, longer circulation time, and targeted delivery. Loading with curcumin leads to enhanced survival rate of ischemic stroke mice with a single injection (from ≈30% to over 90%). The versatility of the method is verified by differently charged liposomes modification and erythrocyte membrane derived vesicles preparation. Overall, the cell membrane derived biomimetic vesicles achieve targeted delivery and versatility prepared by a facile approach, as well as effortless preparation.
Low‐Dimensional Metallic Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Shang Hongyuan , Wang Cheng , Du Yukou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of clean sustainable energy technologies has been significantly promoted by advances in electrocatalysts, especially for low‐dimensional metallic nanomaterials (LDMNs), which have distinctive structural, physiochemical, and electronic properties, including a highly active surface area, efficient electron transfer, and rich surface unsaturated atoms. Recent advances have also revealed that surface engineering, interface engineering, and strain engineering for LDMNs can readily lead to increased surface active centers, strong synergistic effects, and electronic modulation, thus providing new approaches that greatly promote the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, the recent progress in LDMNs is highlighted in the context of their potential as electrocatalysts with superb performance for advanced electrocatalytic reactions. The latest achievements in their structural design, controllable synthesis, mechanistic understanding, and avenues for performance enhancement are illustrated. Strategies for controlled synthesis of high‐quality LDMNs and discussed, and to boost the future development of LDMNs for energy‐related conversion technology, future perspectives and potential challenges are also proposed.
GSH‐Depleted Nanozymes with Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Dual Enzyme‐Mimic Activities for Tumor Nanocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Dong Shuming , Dong Yushan , Jia Tao , Liu Shikai , Liu Jing , Yang Dan , He Fei , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanocatalytic therapy, using artificial nanoscale enzyme mimics (nanozymes), is an emerging technology for therapeutic treatment of various malignant tumors. However, the relatively deficient catalytic activity of nanozymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains their biomedical applications. Here, a versatile and bacteria‐like PEG/Ce‐Bi@DMSN nanozyme is developed by coating uniform Bi2S3 nanorods (NRs) with dendritic mesoporous silica (Bi2S3@DMSN) and then decorating ultrasmall ceria nanozymes into the large mesopores of Bi2S3@DMSN. The nanozymes exhibit dual enzyme‐mimic catalytic activities (peroxidase‐mimic and catalase‐mimic) under acidic conditions that can regulate the TME, that is, simultaneously elevate oxidative stress and relieve hypoxia. In addition, the nanozymes can effectively consume the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) through redox reaction. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is introduced to synergistically improve the dual enzyme‐mimicking catalytic activities and depletion of the overexpressed GSH in the tumors by photonic hyperthermia. This is achieved by taking advantage of the desirable light absorbance in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window of the PEG/Ce‐Bi@DMSN nanozymes. Subsequently the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated therapeutic efficiency is significantly improved. Therefore, this study provides a proof of concept of hyperthermia‐augmented multi‐enzymatic activities of nanozymes for tumor ablation.
Recent Advances on Mixed Metal Sulfides for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Yongjin , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have drawn enormous attention in the past few years from both academic and industrial battery communities in view of the fascinating advantages of rich abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among various electrode materials, mixed metal sulfides (MMSs) stand out as promising negative electrode materials for SIBs considering their superior structural and compositional advantages, such as decent electrochemical reversibility, high electronic conductivity, and rich redox reactions. Here, a summary of some recent developments in the rational design and synthesis of various kinds of MMSs with tailorable architectures, structural/compositional complexity, controllable morphologies, and enhanced electrochemical properties is presented. The effect of structural engineering and compositional design of MMSs on the sodium storage properties is highlighted. It is anticipated that further innovative works on the material design of advanced electrodes for batteries can be inspired.
Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Alcohols through One‐pot Reactions using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Amine Transaminases
Authors: González‐Martínez Daniel , Gotor Vicente , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of amino alcohols have been prepared in a chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective fashion starting from the corresponding (het)aryl diketones, avoiding tedious chemical protection and deprotection steps. Different alcohol dehydrogenases have been able to selectively reduce the more reactive trifluoroacetyl groups under optimized conditions, while amine transaminases catalyzed the biotransamination of the less hindered acetyl groups. Based on the different reactivity of the acetyl and trifluoroacetyl groups, the design of sequential and concurrent cascades was investigated. The proper selection of the enzymes permits the synthesis of amino alcohol stereoisomers in high to excellent yields (86–>99% conversion) and remarkable stereocontrol (up to >99% de and >99% ee) using an aqueous medium and mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Polar Morphologies from First Principles: PbTiO3Films on SrTiO3Substrates and the p(2×Λ) Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Baker Jack S. , Bowler David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐dimensional structures comprised of ferroelectric (FE) PbTiO3(PTO) and quantum paraelectric SrTiO3(STO) are hosts to complex polarization textures such as polar waves, flux‐closure domains, and polar skyrmion phases. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations can provide insight into this order, but are limited by the computational effort required. Within DFT, the novel multi‐site support function method is used to reduce the solution time for the electronic groundstate whilst preserving high accuracy. This allows for large‐scale simulations of PTO films on STO substrates with system sizes >2000 atoms. In the ultrathin limit, the polar wave texture with cylindrical chiral bubbles emerges as an intermediate phase between full‐flux‐closure domains and in‐plane polarization. This is driven by an internal bias field born of the compositionally broken inversion symmetry in the [001] direction. Manipulation of this built‐in field informs a new principle of design for control over chiral order on the nanoscale through the careful choice of substrate, surface termination, or use of overlayers. Antiferrodistortive (AFD) order locally interacts with these polar textures giving rise to strong FE/AFD coupling at the PbO terminated surface driving a surface reconstruction. This offers another pathway for the local control of ferroelectricity.