bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Disorders of Preschool Children With Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Moreno-Villagómez Julieta , Yáñez-Téllez Ma. Guillermina , Prieto-Corona Belén , Seubert-Ravelo Ana Natalia , García Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures that results in an abnormal skull shape. This condition has been associated with cognitive problems of different levels of severity in all developmental stages in a substantial percentage of children. However, the study of behavioral problems related to this condition has been scarce. The objective of this study was to determine if a sample of Mexican preschoolers with non-syndromic craniosynostosis had more clinical and adaptive behavioral problems than those of their peers. We assessed the behavior of 24 participants between 3 and 5 years of age with non-syndromic craniosynostosis as well as those of 27 healthy children. We used the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) parent's questionnaire. There were no significant differences between groups for any of the BASC scales, although a small proportion of children from both groups had high, clinically significant, scores on some of the Clinical, Adaptive and Global scales. While the relationship between craniosynostosis and behavioral problems is not clear, it is important to continue to assess conduct at several ages to detect possible problems that could be overlooked by the developmental characteristics during the preschool stage.
Comparative Performance and Neuropathologic Validation of the AD8 Dementia Screening Instrument
Authors: Morris Gabriela M. , Holden Timothy R. , Weng Hua , Xiong Chengjie , Coble Dean W. , Cairns Nigel J. , Morris John C. 
Published: November 2019

Background/Objective:The AD8 informant-based screening instrument has been validated with molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) but not with the gold standard of neuropathologic AD. The objective of this study was to validate the AD8 with neuropathologic AD and compare its predictive performance with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination and both participant-derived and informant-derived subjective memory complaint (SMC) regarding the participant.Methods:This longitudinal cohort study at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center at Washington University included 230 participants, ages 50 to 91 years, who later had a neuropathologic examination. Four dementia screening instruments from their baseline assessment were evaluated: the AD8, Mini-Mental State Examination, participant SMC, and informant SMC. The primary outcome was a neuropathologic diagnosis of AD.Results:The average participant age at baseline was 80.4 years, 48% were female. All 4 dementia screening tests were predictive of neuropathologic AD. There was no significant difference in the predictive performance of the AD8 compared with the other instruments, but the AD8 had superior sensitivity and combined positive and negative predictive values.Conclusion:The AD8 is a brief and sensitive screening instrument that may facilitate earlier and more accurate AD diagnosis in a variety of care settings.
Deep Discriminative Fine-Tuning for Cancer Type Classification
Authors: Harley Alena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetermining the primary site of origin for metastatic tumors is one of the open problems in cancer care because the efficacy of treatment often depends on the cancer tissue of origin. Classification methods that can leverage tumor genomic data and predict the site of origin are therefore of great value.Because tumor DNA point mutation data is very sparse, only limited accuracy (64.5% for 12 tumor classes) was previously demonstrated by methods that rely on point mutations as features (1). Tumor classification accuracy can be greatly improved (to over 90% for 33 classes) by relying on gene expression data (2). However, this additional data is often not readily available in clinical setting, because point mutations are better profiled and targeted by clinical mutational profiling.Here we sought to develop an accurate deep transfer learning and fine-tuning method for tumor sub-type classification, where predicted class is indicative of the primary site of origin. Our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art for tumor classification using DNA point mutations, reducing the error by more than 30% at the same time discriminating over many more classes on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Using our method, we achieve state-of-the-art tumor type classification accuracy of 78.3% for 29 tumor classes relying on DNA point mutations in the tumor only.
Effects of temperature of plant cultivation on plant palatability modify species response to novel climate
Authors: Dostálek Tomáš , Rokaya Maan Bahadur , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate warming is expected to strengthen the plant-herbivore interactions and thus increase the plant consumption rate. However, indirect impacts of temperature (acting via changes in host plant quality) on herbivore performance have only rarely been studied, and therefore, the net effect of temperature change is difficult to predict. We thus tested the effects of temperature on plant palatability and assessed whether the effects can be explained by changes in leaf traits.We conducted multi-choice feeding experiments with six species of the genusImpatienscultivated at three different temperatures in the growth chambers and in the experimental garden and also studied changes in leaf morphology and chemistry.The leaves ofImpatiensspecies were most eaten when cultivated in the temperature predicted by climate warming scenario. We found the traits related to leaf morphology (SLA, LDMC and leaf size) partly mediated the effects of temperature on leaf herbivore damage. Herbivores preferred smaller leaves with lower SLA and higher LDMC values. Results of our study suggested that elevated temperature will lead to change in leaf traits and increase their palatability. This will further enhance the levels of herbivory caused by increased herbivore pressure under climate warming.
The genome of the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium simium reveals adaptations to host-switching
Authors: Mourier Tobias , de Alvarenga Denise Anete Madureira , Kaushik Abhinav , de Pina-Costa Anielle , Douvropoulou Olga , Guan Qingtian , Guzmán-Vega Francisco J. , Forrester Sarah , de Abreu Filipe Vieira Santos , Júnior Cesare Bianco , de Souza Junior Julio Cesar , Moreira Silvia Bahadian , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga , Pissinatti Alcides , de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz Maria , de Oliveira Ricardo Lourenço , Arold Stefan T. , Jeffares Daniel C. , Brasil Patrícia , de Brito Cristiana Ferreira Alves , Culleton Richard , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu , Pain Arnab 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium simium, a malaria parasite of non-human primates (NHP) was recently shown to cause zoonotic infections in humans in Brazil. We sequenced the P. simium genome to investigate its evolutionary history and to identify any genetic adaptions that may underlie the ability of this parasite to switch between host species.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses based on whole genome sequences of P. simium from humans and NHPs reveals that P. simium is monophyletic within the broader diversity of South American Plasmodium vivax, suggesting P. simium first infected NHPs as a result of a host-switch of P. vivax from humans. The P. simium isolates show the closest relationship to Mexican P. vivax isolates. Analysis of erythrocyte invasion genes reveals differences between P. vivax and P. simium, including large deletions in the Duffy Binding Protein 1 (DBP1) and Reticulocyte Binding Protein 2a genes of P. simium. Analysis of P. simium isolated from NHPs and humans revealed a deletion of 38 amino acids in DBP1 present in all human-derived isolates, whereas NHP isolates were multi-allelic.ConclusionsAnalysis of the P. simium genome confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship between P. simium and P. vivax, and suggests a very recent American origin for P. simium. The presence of the DBP1 deletion in all human-derived isolates tested suggests that this deletion, in combination with other genetic changes in P. simium, may facilitate the invasion of human red blood cells and may explain, at least in part, the basis of the recent zoonotic infections.
A Novel Process Maintaining Glycerophospholipid Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Hermansson Martin , Hänninen Satu , Kjellberg Matti , Somerharju Pentti 
Published: November 2019

SummaryGlycerophospholipid (GPL) homeostasis in eukaryotic cells is thought to be maintained via biosynthesis, degradation and acyl chain remodeling. Here we provide evidence for an additional process termed “head-group remodeling” where other GPLs, when in excess, are rapidly converted to phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Mass spectrometric studies showed the formation of diacylglycerol, but not phosphatidic acid, from the exogenous GPL thus indicating that the first step is catalyzed by a phospholipase C-type enzyme. Consistently, triacylglycerol formation was significantly inhibited by the knock-down of several PLCs, but not phospholipase Ds. Second, we found that each exogenous GPL strongly inhibited the synthesis of the corresponding endogenous GPL class. Based on these and previous data we hypothesize how mammalian cells could coordinate the multiple processes contributing to GPL homeostasis in mammalian cells. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that head group remodeling plays an important role in GPL homeostasis in mammalian cells.
Structural basis for COMPASS recognition of an H2B-ubiquitinated nucleosome
Authors: Worden Evan J. , Zhang Xiangbin , Wolberger Cynthia 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTMethylation of histone H3K4 is a hallmark of actively transcribed genes that depends on mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B (H2B-Ub). H3K4 methylation in yeast is catalyzed by Set1, the methyltransferase subunit of COMPASS. We report here the cryo-EM structure of a six-protein core COMPASS subcomplex, which can methylate H3K4 and be stimulated by H2B-Ub, bound to a ubiquitinated nucleosome. Our structure shows that COMPASS spans the face of the nucleosome, recognizing ubiquitin on one face of the nucleosome and methylating H3 on the opposing face. As compared to the structure of the isolated core complex, Set1 undergoes multiple structural rearrangements to cement interactions with the nucleosome and with ubiquitin. The critical Set1 RxR motif adopts a helix that mediates bridging contacts between the nucleosome, ubiquitin and COMPASS. The structure provides a framework for understanding mechanisms of trans-histone cross-talk and the dynamic role of H2B ubiquitination in stimulating histone methylation.
Targeting cellular DNA damage responses in cancer: Anin vitro-calibrated agent-based model simulating monolayer and spheroid treatment responses to ATR-inhibiting drugs
Authors: Hamis Sara , Yates James , Chaplain Mark AJ , Powathil Gibin G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe combine a systems pharmacology approach with an agent-based modelling approach to simulate LoVo cells subjected to AZD6738, an ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related kinase) inhibiting anti-cancer drug that can hinder tumour proliferation by targeting cellular DNA damage responses. The agent-based model used in this study is governed by a set of empirically observable rules. By adjusting only the rules when moving between monolayer and multi-cellular tumour spheroid simulations, whilst keeping the fundamental mathematical model and parameters intact, the agent-based model is first parameterised by monolayerin vitrodata and is thereafter used to simulate treatment responses inin vitrotumour spheroids subjected to dynamic drug delivery. Spheroid simulations are subsequently compared toin vivodata from xenografts in mice. The spheroid simulations are able to capture the dynamics ofin vivotumour growth and regression for approximately eight days post tumour injection.Translating quantitative information betweenin vitroandin vivoresearch remains a scientifically and financially challenging step in preclinical drug development processes. However, well-developed insilicotools can be used to facilitate this invitroto in vivo translation, and in this article we exemplify how data-driven, agent-based models can be used to bridge the gap betweenin vitroandin vivoresearch. We further highlight how agent-based models, that are currently underutilised in pharmaceutical contexts, can be used in preclinical drug development.
Evaluation of Postharvest Storability of Ponkan Mandarins at Different Storage Temperatures Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Cai Nan , Wan Chunpeng , Chen Jinyin , Chen Chuying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo reduce postharvest losses of Ponkan mandarins caused by outdated storage facilities and preservation technology, we evaluated the preservation effect of different storage temperatures on Ponkan mandarins (5 ±1, 10 ± 1, 15 ± 1, and 20 ±1 °C), and obtained a comprehensive score using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine its suitable storage temperature. The results indicate that, relative to the other three storage temperatures, storage at 10 °C significantly maintains high total soluble solid content, titratable acid, and vitamin C contents; the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content decreased and changes in the relative conductivity (REC) were suppressed; and high activities of superoxide-dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as high contents of total phenol and total flavonoid were maintained. The PCA and clustering heat map results show that that the comprehensive score was the highest when stored at 10 °C. The data indicate that the suitable storage temperature of Ponkan mandarins at 10 °C significantly decreased MDA accumulation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, maintains high antioxidant capacity, maintains good fruit quality and achieves good storage and preservation effect, which is the appropriate storage temperature for Ponkan mandarins.
Acute exposure to nicotine vapor causes short-term increases in impulsive choice in rats
Authors: Flores R.J. , Alshbool F.Z. , Giner P. , O’Dell L.E. , Mendez I.A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that exposure to nicotine smoke increases impulsivity. Surprisingly, research investigating the effects of electronic cigarette nicotine vapor exposure on impulsivity has not been conducted. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of nicotine vapor exposure on impulsive choice.MethodsTwenty-four adult male rats were trained in the delay discounting task to choose between small immediate food rewards or larger food rewards with delayed deliveries. After 24 days of training in the delay discounting task, rats were passively exposed to vapor containing either 0, 12, or 24 mg/mL of nicotine for 10 days. To monitor exposure to nicotine, serum cotinine levels were assessed on exposure days 1, 5, and 10 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following vapor exposure, rats were retrained in the delay discounting task until stable performance was achieved, and the effects of nicotine vapor exposure on choice preference were assessed.ResultsRats that were exposed to 12 and 24 mg/mL nicotine vapor displayed higher serum cotinine levels, relative to those exposed to 0 mg/mL nicotine vapor. There were no differences in impulsive choice between any of the vapor groups when tested 15-21 days after exposure. However, increases in impulsive choice were observed when testing immediately following exposure to 24 mg/mL nicotine vapor, relative to immediately following exposure to 0 mg/mL nicotine vapor.ConclusionsFindings suggest that while exposure to nicotine vapor may not cause long-term changes in decision making, it can cause short-term increases in impulsive choice, an effect that can have negative social and health consequences.
Boundary element analysis for elasticity problems using expanding element interpolation method
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Han Lei , Zhong Yudong , Dong Yunqiao , Lin Weicheng 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a boundary element analysis of two-dimensional linear elasticity problems by a new expanding element interpolation method.

Design/methodology/approach
The expanding element is made up based on a traditional discontinuous element by adding virtual nodes along the perimeter of the element. The internal nodes of the original discontinuous element are referred to as source nodes and its shape function as raw shape function. The shape functions of the expanding element constructed on both source nodes and virtual nodes are referred as fine shape functions. Boundary variables are interpolated by the fine shape functions, while the boundary integral equations are collocated on source nodes.

Findings
The expanding element inherits the advantages of both the continuous and discontinuous elements while overcomes their disadvantages. The polynomial order of fine shape functions of the expanding elements increases by two compared with their corresponding raw shape functions, while the expanding elements still keep independence to each other as the original discontinuous elements. This feature makes the expanding elements able to naturally and accurately interpolate both continuous and discontinuous fields.

Originality/value
Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed method. Results have demonstrated that the accuracy, efficiency and convergence rate of the expanding element method.
Workplace positive actions, trans people’s self-esteem and human resources’ evaluations
Authors: Bozani Vasiliki , Drydakis Nick , Sidiropoulou Katerina , Harvey Benjamin , Paraskevopoulou Anna 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical patterns regarding trans people’s self-esteem-oriented evaluations during observations of positive workplace actions. The case of a 2015 UK workplace guide is utilized to fulfil the aims. The guide provides suggestions to employers for recruiting and retaining trans people.

Design/methodology/approach
A new questionnaire is created which forms a 20-item scale capturing a variety of self-evaluations. Trans people provided their responses in a 2018–2019 survey and the study’s patterns were captured.

Findings
The outcomes suggest that trans people’s self-esteem and self-respect are enhanced by policy makers’ positive actions to promote inclusivity in the workplace. In addition, due to these actions trans people feel more accepted, valued and trusted by the government. The authors suggest that a lack of positive workplace actions may be detrimental to trans people’s self-esteem. However, if a workplace policy is perceived to be a recognition of trans people’s worth this may be internalized, resulting in positive self-evaluations. The authors suggest that the 2015 workplace guide aims to ensure that trans people’s self-expressions are not constrained in ways that could cause them self-esteem difficulties.

Practical implications
The study also finds that firms which have implemented the workplace guide have informed human resources strategies, affected corporate profiles and staff organizational behaviours, created a more inclusive workplace culture, and addressed LGBT business and trans staff members’ needs. The authors suggest that when employers utilize policy makers’ positive workplace policies they may be able to realize positive organizational outcomes in their firms.

Social implications
The World Health Organization perceives self-esteem as a public matter and this study suggests that inclusive workplace strategies can positively affect the psychological states of a highly marginalized population group.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first attempt to quantify how a workplace guide impacts on self-esteem-oriented evaluations among trans people. Each one of the 20 items in the scale brings new insights into the subject matter.
Irish occupational therapists use of evidenced-based falls prevention programmes
Authors: Lombard Kim , Desmond Laura , Phelan Ciara , Brangan Joan 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
As one ages, the risk of experiencing a fall increases and poses a number of serious consequences; 30 per cent of individuals over 65 years of age fall each year. Evidence-based falls prevention programmes demonstrate efficacy in reducing the rate and risk of falls among older adults, but their use in Irish occupational therapy practice is unknown. This study aims to investigate the implementation of falls prevention programmes by occupational therapists working with older adults in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data on the use of falls prevention programmes among occupational therapists working with older adults in any clinical setting across Ireland. Purposeful, convenience and snowball sampling methods were used. The Association of Occupational Therapists of Ireland acted as a gatekeeper. Descriptive statistics and summative content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Findings
In all, 85 survey responses were analysed. Over 85 per cent of respondents reported “Never” using any of the evidence-based falls prevention programmes. The “OTAGO” Exercise Programme was the most “Frequently” used programme (9.5 per cent, n = 7); 29 respondents reported using “in-department” developed falls prevention programmes and 14 provided additional comments regarding current falls prevention practices in Ireland.

Originality/value
In the absence of Irish data on the subject, this study provides a benchmark to describe the use of evidence-based falls programmes by Irish occupational therapists with older adults.
Aligning financial inclusion and financial integrity
Authors: Tran Thu Thi Hoai , De Koker Louis 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to consider the anti-money laundering/combating of financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime that applies to microfinance institutions (MFIs) and microfinance programmes and projects (MFPs) in Vietnam to identify ways in which to improve the alignment between financial inclusion and financial integrity objectives in relation to this sector.

Design/methodology/approach
This doctrinal study is informed by the Financial Action Task Force mutual evaluation methodology.

Findings
The AML/CFT regulatory framework for MFIs/MFPs is inadequate but improving. The money laundering and terrorist financing risks posed by microfinance are low and so is the capacity of many providers to comply with AML/CFT obligations. Given the low risk, there is space to simplify AML/CFT requirements for this sector in a manner that will better align financial inclusion and financial integrity policy objectives.

Research limitations/implications
This paper considers the implementation of AML/CFT obligations of MFIs/MFPs based on existing studies as well as own research relating to compliance and supervisory practices. Further empirical studies to determine for the whole microfinance sector could provide a more granular understanding of crime risks and compliance capacities in the sector.

Practical implications
AML/CFT regulators in Vietnam can take concrete steps to simplify the AML/CFT due diligence obligations of MFIs/MFPs and support these institutions to formalise and implement appropriate AML/CFT measures.

Social implications
MFIs/MFPs play a vital socio-economic role by providing financial services to the poor. Appropriate AML/CFT control measures can enable these providers to continue providing these services while strengthening economic formalisation and integrity goals of the government.

Originality/value
The paper provides novel supervisory perspectives on the AML/CFT regime in relation to MFIs/MFPs.