bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Iris pseudacorus L. on polysaccharide composition and microcystins content of Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Chen G Y , Li Q S , Zhu M L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the feedback mechanism of M. aeruginosa under the stress of I. pseudacorus L.. by determining the polysaccharide composition and microcystins (MCs) synthesis and release of M. aeruginosa through co-cultivation of I. pseudacorus L. and M. aeruginosa. The results of our investigation and observation have shown that, under the stress of 20 or 40 g/L of I. pseudacorus L., the contents of intracellular and extracellular MC-LR, and the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS), the bound extracellular polysaccharide (bEPS) of M. aeruginosa increased at first and then began to decrease gradually afterwards. And the maximum contents were (71.03±10.20) fg/cell, (0.66±0.07) fg/cell, (1.84±0.10) pg/cell, (1.11±0.11) pg/cell and (70.33±8.62) fg/cell, (0.64±0.10) fg/cell, (1.74± 0.17) pg/cell, (0.90± 0.12) pg/cell. I. pseudacorus L. had an adsorption-enrichment effect on MCs. The content of MC-LR in the roots were (8.37±1.58) ng/g and (4.33±1.31) ng/g when I. pseudacorus L. was 20 or 40 g/L, respectively.
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose using ultrasonic assisted autohydrolysis
Authors: Risnasari I , Herawati E , Yunasfi  , Pandiangan S D , Adelina P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cellulose is a biopolymer whose availability is abundant in nature. In its development, cellulose is widely used in the form of nanocrystalline cellulose because it has better properties than the original material. The method commonly used to produce nanocrystalline cellulose is acid hydrolysis. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose was produced through a method of modification of acid hydrolysis with hydrothermal treatment by autoclave, then ultrasonic treatment was conducted. The results of nanocrystalline cellulose were analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), scanning electron microscope-energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDS), Fourier-transformed infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
TEMPO-mediated oxidation cellulose pulp modified with Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
Authors: Masruchin N , Kurniawan Y D , Kusumah S S , Amanda P , Suryanegara L , Nuryawan A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was conjugated onto cellulose microfibrils (CMF) by the reaction in acetone solvent at the presence of triethylamine and paratoluene sulfonyl chloride. Results showed that the thermal decomposition of CMF-MSG slightly decreased to lower temperature decomposition confirmed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) after MSG was present on CMF surfaces which was confirmed by the reduction of intensity in carboxyl groups bands under infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) observation. After drying, CMF-MSG was agglomerated, and the color of CMF after modification turned from white into light-brown. This study provides another way to modify nanocellulose with cheap and edible chemical reagent using monosodium glutamate. The modified cellulose probably could be applied in copper (Cu) detection paper kit at mining extraction.
Design and fabrication of integration of organic-inorganic waste pyrolysis equipment
Authors: Sigalingging R , Susanto E , Panggabean S , Munte K I J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rice husk is the major by-product of the rice-milling industries and is abundantly available in Indonesia. The study focused on the design and fabrication of integration of organic and inorganic waste pyrolysis equipment as an effort in finding the utilization of heat waste of rice husk burning to convert plastic to be oil fuel. It is an alternative solution to increase energy efficiency and convert waste plastics into a resource. The reactor was used to process 3,000 g plastics and around 11,000 g rice husks per batch. The result showed that temperature around 83-705 °C at rice husk reactor and 151-201 °C at waste plastics reactor continuous process. The pyrolysis process of 3,000 g plastics (gunny bags) was completed in 360 minutes to produce 54.33 g of fuel. This fact shows that the pyrolysis process of plastics can produce fuel at 151 °C in the reactor. Test result showed that the equipment was functional with the equipment’s effective capacity of oil production (ml hour-1) of 49.93; oil conversion efficiencies were 1.81 % (plastic) and 1.87 % (rice husk); waste reduction efficiencies were 27.78 % (plastic) and 76.91 % (rice husk), while oil recovery was 22.43 ml oil kg-1 (waste plastic) and 18.95 ml oil kg-1 (rice husk).
Behavioral changes of powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): responses on female extract
Authors: Kartika T , Shimizu N , Yoshimura T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Powderpost beetle, Lyctus africanus, is a common dry wood pest in the tropical region. The insect pest damages wood by converting the wood into powdery frass. The damaged wood is created by larvae of L. africanus which digests the starchy wood part into powdery form. The powdery form developed in exit holes from which Lyctus emerges is an indicator of an active infestation. However, the presence of frass could be detected in the delayed period. Developing prevention of Lyctus entrance into the wood is crucial to minimize the losses. Monitoring the Lyctus infestation regularly, as chemical communication practice, leads to green technology in the pest control system. The chemical communication in Lyctus beetle was identified as the pheromone detected in male Lyctus beetle. In contrast, the female crude extract was observed to show none of the attractant behavior. In this study, the activity of female crude extract of Lyctus on the behaviour of the beetle was observed. The extract was from hexane washed of newly emerged female beetle for 24 h. Chemical analysis by GC-MS indicated dominancy of hydrocarbon compounds in the female crude extract. Purification of the hydrocarbon fraction was then conducted in SiO2 column with hexane solvent. Then, a preference test of the compounds against both male and female beetle was supervised in the Petri dish method. Result of the preference test indicated a repulsion behavior of both female and male beetles. Furthermore, the purified compound increased the repulsion behavior of Lyctus beetle. The hydrocarbon is suggested as a specific compound of female beetle which alters the behaviour of Lyctus beetle.
The fires of identity politics: North Sumatra gubernatorial election of 2018
Authors: Simanihuruk M , Sitorus H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article describes identity politics in the recently passed Pilgubsu [North Sumatra Gubernatorial Election] of 2018. Identity politics is based on the interests and perspectives of certain groups. It is experiencing a rising tide both at global and national levels because of: (1) the collapse of the utopian socialism or the so-called end of history; (2) democracy and capitalism gave birth to inequality and secularism; and (3) democracy was hijacked by the alliance of rulers and entrepreneurs (post-truth politics). This study used a qualitative paradigm by analyzing print and online media including social media, while in-depth interviews were not completed. Pilgubsu’s political space was full of the sentiments of SARA (Tribal, Religious, Racial, and Inter-group). These basic identities mainly appear during the campaign period, although it has also been amplified since the declaration. Tribal identity appears in the declaration of support for clan associations and ethnic associations. Religious identity is more prominent in fiqh takfiri and theological basis of legitimacy in choosing same-religion leaders whereas inter-groups emphasize the issue of indigenous and non-indigenous locals, including Javanese and non-Javanese.
Socio-cultural-based coffee management in Karo Regency
Authors: Harahap R H , Humaizi  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Specialty coffee is the one which is referred to specific coffee due to its high quality and its production process which has been certified. The objective of this study was to analyze how far the coffee plant cultivation was redeveloped in Karo Regency, why the Karonese farmers did not grow specialty coffee and what socio-cultural factors influenced it. The result of the research showed that coffee growers in Karo Regency grew coffee because they followed the market trend, the rising price of coffee. However, they still grow coffee traditionally such as preparing seedlings by themselves, not doing fertilizing and trimming, not planting shade trees, selling their coffee in the form of coffee green beans and cherries since they need cash quickly and coffee high price. They do not dry, process, roast, store, and standardize thecoffee powder packaging. It is recommended that the coffee growers in Karo Regency change the pattern of cultivation and post-harvesting to keep coffee productivity and price high and sustainable.
The prediction of rainfall events using WRF (weather research and forecasting) model with ensemble technique
Authors: Sofiati I , Nurlatifah A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe research of ensemble technique has become popular in recent years, which can produce probabilistic predictions of rainfall on a short or medium scale. Prediction ensemble is a model formed by combining the predictive system model; the models used was member. This study aims to analyse the ability of the ensemble method in predicting rainfall events in Cilacap (07°45’ S, 109°02’ E) and Denpasar (08°37’ S, 115°13’ E). Data processing used ensemble equation; its ensemble member consisted of four members of running model WRF-ARW every cycle (00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC). In general, during the period of July 1 to 20 and February 1 to 20, 2016, the results of the models both single model and ensemble technique show that the model underestimate in predicting rainfall. Nevertheless, the single and three models of ensemble prediction methods estimated dry conditions very well but failed to predict the event of heavy rain. There were supported by the plot curve of the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve as a completely indicating that the three ensemble techniques performed the same results in all regions, none of them gave many different predictions between ensemble techniques and other ensemble techniques. The usual weighted or ensemble mean method produces almost identical rainfall predictions.
Change in rainfall per-decades over Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Avia L Q 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The frequency of hydro-meteorological disasters (climate and weather-related) in Indonesia has continued to increase in the last ten years. Java Island is the region with the highest disaster occurrence in Indonesia. The CMAP (the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation) rainfall data for the long time period 1981-2016 was used in this study. While the in situ data was used for verification of CMAP data. The rainfall is one of the main parameters that affects the climate in Indonesia. A study using this long-term data has been done to investigate the changes of rainfall occurring in Java Island per-decade. The results showed that the annual rainfall pattern appears to be almost the same during the all periods (period I, II, III and IV), but the intensity of the annual rainfall changes significantly. While the real changes are also seen in seasonal rainfall patterns and their intensity on Java Island. These changes indicate that the average rainfall in period IV is higher than period I, II and III. Likewise, the early of the dry/rainy season and the length of the season appear to be shifting in six locations from seven locations of case studies conducted. The CMAP data is quite well as alternative data in climate-related research because it has a good verification of in situ data.
The distribution of non-timber forest products in the protected areas (case study at PT Toba Pulp Lestari concession)
Authors: Azhar I , Nasution Z , Delvian  , Agussabti  , Riswan  , Sidabukke S , Sianipar M , Srena MF 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The protected areas in the concession of PT Pulp Toba Lestari (TPL) is allocated mainly for maintaining the high-value conservation areas. Since the areas areadjacent to the local community which has long time accessed and utilized non-timber forest products (NTFPs), it is necessary to take forest management efforts to ensure a sustainable protection function while the needs of the community around the forest are fulfilled wisely. One of the critical parts of forest management is to define the distribution of NTFPs clearly to allow effective governance of natural forest area. A stratified systematic sampling survey was applied to find the type of NTFP and its location within the protected areas for each estate. GIS technology was used to map the distribution of NTFPs.26.67% ofincense was most widely distributed by in the Germ-Plasm Protection area of Aek Nauli Estate, and 20.00% was in the Riparian zone area of Habinsaran Estate. At the pole growth stage, 20,00% of incense was often found in the Green Belt area of AekNauli Estate, and 28.00% was in the Buffer Zone area . Rattan is widespread in the all the type of protected areas in Tele Estate. It was mostly found in Germ-Plasm area (100.00%) followed by the Riparian Zone area (95.00%) and Biodiversity area (92.26%). Aek Nauli Estate was the second best place to find rattan in the Green Belt area (82.86%) and the Riparian zone area (76,00%). Sugar palm and bamboo were not distributed well and 17.14% of them were mostlyfound in the Green Belt area of Aek Nauli Estate.
Analysis of vegetation diversity at Salib Kasih tourism area of Simorangkir Julu Village, North Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Hartini K S , Silitonga I L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Salib Kasih tourism area is a prime religious tourism area in North Sumatra which is located in the forest area of Simorangkir Julu Village, North Tapanuli Regency. Structure and composition of vegetation in this area are not widely known, while Salagundi (Roudholia teysmanii) only found on this area. Generally, people only see pine as the main component of its plant. Studying the dynamics of a forest and its characteristics is an essential prerequisite for managing forests sustainability, especially for the sustainability of Salagundi which is native species of this area. This study aimed to obtain the information about the structure, composition, and diversity of plant in this area and as based data to maintain the existence of its species. The sampling technique was carried out by a combination method between the path method and the plot line. Vegetation analysis was carried out to gather information about the number and type of species at each growth level, Important Value Index (IVI) and Shannon Wienner Diversity Index. The results of the study found that there were seventeen species in this area. The number of each growth level was 691 at seedling levels, 671 at sapling levels, 209 at pole levels, and 224 at tree levels. The highest IVI at seedling, pole and tree level was Pinus merkusii (60.55; 87.58; 113.58), while at sapling level was Syzygium racemosum (50.00). The diversity index at seedling and tree level was low (1.95 and 1.76), while at sapling and pole level, it was classified as medium (2.07 and 2.08). According to the result, the existence of Salagundi needs to be preserved.
Species composition and plant diversity of logged-over forest in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra
Authors: Basyuni M , Slamet B , Sulistiyono N , Thoha A S , Bimantara Y , Widjaja E A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sikundur forest area is located at Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), in Aras Napal, Langkat, North Sumatra Province, representing mixture forest of lowland Dipterocarpaceae. Two 0.5 ha permanent plots of 50 x 100 m were established at twenty-two years old logged-over Sikundur Forest and located subjectively according to topography and river bank. This dryland forest was logged for the first cycle in 1978 by forest concession right. This study aimed to identify the species composition and to determine the diversity index of plants after 22 years logged over area. The results showed that significant tribes were Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Myrtaceae which are the richest family in two permanent plots. The horizontal structure of forest indicated that the diversity index of Dipterocarpaceae in two plots tended to be centered, showing the high value of diversity index of Dipterocarpaceae family. The present study suggested the periodic activities on natural regeneration, and the measurement of the dynamics stock plant are highly recommended.
LignoIndo: image database of Indonesian commercial timber
Authors: Damayanti R , Prakasa E , Krisdianto  , Dewi L M , Wardoyo R , Sugiarto B , Pardede H F , Riyanto Y , Astutiputri V F , Panjaitan G R , Hadiwidjaja M L , Maulana Y H , Mutaqin I N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Macroscopic image database of Indonesian commercial timber “LignoIndo” has been developed to support the development of a computer vision-based wood identification system. A total of 809 wood species were taken their macroscopic images by using digital loupe at two magnifications: 50 times and 200 times. All of these timber species are Indonesian commercial timber listed in LIU (License Information Unit) in November 2016. Cross section images of 186 wood species listed in the Ministry of Forestry Degree No 163/2003 were also collected by using mobile phone camera that was attached with 60x magnify lens, as the basis data to the mobile application of automatic wood identification tool (AIKO). The number of wood species in this database will continue to grow as the number of commercial wood species increases. Besides, the number of replicates of specimens for each species of wood can also continue to be added to accommodate wood variations in the same species, the same species from different trees, and different geographic locations. This paper presents data collection methods and summaries of wood data that have been collected including trade name, botanical name, family, durability classes, strength classes, commercial class classification, conservation status, and recommended utilization.
Changes on microbial growth during Mlanding tempeh (Leucaena leucocephala) over fermentation
Authors: Nursiwi A , Dwikiputra B I , Ishartani D , Sari A M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Mlanding tempeh is made from Leucaena leucocephala seed fermentation by Rhizopus sp. The traditional process of making Mlanding tempeh consist of boiling the seed, crushing to separate the hull, soaking, boiling, and fermentation with Usar as inoculum. There are Rhizopus sp. and some microbial contaminants in Usar. The objective of the research was to study the change on microbial growth (lactic acid bacteria, mold, and yeast) during Mlanding tempeh over fermentation. The fresh tempeh was obtained from 36 hours fermentation and then continued with fermentation up to 120 hours. The results showed that the pH was increased up to 8.5 at the end of fermentation. The total mold number increased at 36 hours fermentation then stable until 72 hours and decreased at the 84 hours fermentation and undetected at 108 hours fermentation. During 36 hours fermentation, the number of yeasts increased then until 72 hours the number of yeasts was stable. In 84 hours the number of yeast decreased and finally, the yeast undetected at the 96 hours fermentation. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased by 72 hours and then decreased until the end of fermentation.
Elastase, Hyaluronidase and Tyrosinase inhibitor activities antiaging of Curcuma mangga Val. extract and its fractions
Authors: Pujimulyani D , Suryani L , Setyawati A , Amalia A , Qodaniah R L , Kusuma H S W , Widowati W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Curcuma mangga Val. has bioactive compounds such as curcumin. Curcumin is a natural antioxidant and known as antiaging agent. Curcumin can stimulate the synthesis of collagen type I, inhibit melanogenesis and help to maintain correct skin hydration. This show C.mangga Val. has potential as antioxidant and antiaging agents. This research aims to find out the antiaging activities of C. mangga ethanolic extracts (CMEE) and its fractions. In this study, the antiaging activity was performed by measuring inhibition of elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay. Ascorbic acid using as a control. In elastase inhibitory activity, ascorbic acid has the highest activity (15.53 µg/mL) but ethyl acetate fraction of C. Mangga (EACM) also has high activity (26.34 µg/mL) compared to other fractions and CMEE. In hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, ascorbic acid has the highest activity (27.67 µg/mL) but CMEE also has high activity (80.04 µg/mL) compared to other fractions, while in tyrosinase inhibitory activity EACM has the highest value (40.34 µg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid (65.99 µg/mL). In summary, C. mangga extracts have anti-hyaluronidase, while EACM also has good antiaging properties through anti-elastase and antityrosinase activity.
The optimization of oil quality in sunflower seeds (Heliantus annuus L.) by giving cow manure and EM4
Authors: Rahayu T , Ihsan M , Prabowo S M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sunflower as a source of oil that is consumed as a provider of high quality protein. Sunflowers play an important role in nutrition for humans. This study aims to examine the optimization of oil quality in sunflower seeds (Heliantus annuus L.) by providing cow manure and EM4 to obtain recommendations for developing cultivation technology engineering formulas to improve oil quality. This study used a Randomized Completely Block Design method consisting of 2 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The first factor for manure dosing, consists of 4 levels, there are: N0: 0 ton ha-1; N1 : 10 ton ha-1; N2 : 15 ton ha-1; N3: 20 ton ha-1. The second factor is concentration of EM4, consists of 4 levels, there are: D0: EM4 0 cc/lt-1; D1: EM4 15 cc/lt-1; D2 : EM4 30 cc lt-1; D3 : EM4 45 cc lt-1. The variables of this research were: seed weight per plant and per plot, and quality of oil content of sun flower seeds. The results of analysis of variance on the variable seed weight of each plant and per plot showed the interaction between treatments with the best treatment combination was N1D2 (manure dosage of 10 tons ha-1, EM4 concentration of 30 cc lt-1). In the observation parameters, the sunflower seed oil content also has interactions between treatments with the best treatment combination is N2D3 (manure dosage of 20 tons ha-1, EM4 concentration of 45 cc lt-1).