bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An almond-enriched diet improves biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and increases alertness without changing cognitive performance in older overweight adults
Authors: Coates Alison , Morgillo Samantha , Yandell Catherine , Scholey Andrew , Buckley Jonathan , Hill Alison 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLongitudinal studies report that regular nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. Thus, nuts may improve cardiovascular and neurocognitive health – especially in ‘at-risk’ populations (e.g. overweight/obese). This study examined the effect of supplementing habitual diets of overweight/obese individuals for 12 weeks with either almonds or carbohydrate rich (CHO-rich) snack foods on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (n = 151; overweight/obese, 50–80 years) were randomised to replace 15% energy intake with either almonds (Almond) or isocaloric CHO-rich snack foods (Comparator). Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, mood and cognitive performance (memory, executive function, speed of processing) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. One hundred and twenty eight participants (78F:50M, n = 63 almond, n = 65 control) completed the intervention (M ± SD: age 64 ± 8years, BMI 30.3 ± 3.6kg/m2, stable medication use: 32% BP and 19% lipid lowering). Compared with the CHO-rich comparator foods, there were a number of significant improvements associated with almond consumption. These included reduced serum triglycerides (M ± SEM, almond: 1.30 ± 0.062 to 1.16 ± 0.062 mmol/L vs CHO-rich 1.13 ± 0.061 to 1.17 ± 0.061 mmol/L, p = 0.005 whole population). In those with cholesterol below the ATPIII cut point of < 6.2mmol/L (84% of sample), almond consumption reduced total cholesterol (almond: 5.12 ± 0.13 to 4.93 ± 0.12 mmol/L vs CHO-rich 5.24 ± 0.13 to 5.21 ± 0.11 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (almond: 3.03 ± 0.11 to 2.87 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs CHO-rich 2.98 ± 0.10 to 3.07 ± 0.10 mmol/L, p = 0.002).). Additionally in a non-BP medicated subgroup only (n = 87, 68% of sample), there was a reduction in systolic BP (almond: 130.73 ± 2.19 to 127.02 ± 2.19 mmHg vs control:128.63 ± 2.32 to 129.48 ± 2.32mmHg, p = 0.035; and improved self-rated alertness (almond 54.73 ± 2.32 to 58.64 ± 2.32 vs CHO-rich 61.75 ± 2.28 to 61.13 ± 2.28, p = 0.048). The inclusion of almonds in the diet has the ability to improve aspects of cardiometabolic health and mood in overweight/obese adults. The lack of change in cognitive performance may reflect the fact that the study population was cognitively high performing at baseline. Future research should be directed at examining the effects of this relatively simple, cost-effective nutritional intervention in populations at greater risk of cardiometabolic and cognitive decline.
Can eating harder textured foods slowly influence appetite?
Authors: Wallace Sara Megan , Watson Sinead , Schimmel Martin , Forde Ciaran , McKenna Gerry , Woodside Jayne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionChewing a greater number of chews per bite has been shown to increase fullness, lower hunger levels and lead to a lower energy intake, when compared to chewing each bite fewer times. Increased levels of fullness and decreased levels of hunger have also been observed after consuming harder textured foods which require more chewing activity and have a longer oro-sensory exposure time. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of foods differing in texture, classified as ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ foods, combined with differences in oral processing behaviours (chewing normally or more slowly), has an impact on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis is an interim analysis of a randomised crossover experiment designed to test the impact of both oral processing behaviours and food texture on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety. Participants consumed two breakfasts of different texture (a ‘fast’ yoghurt and fruit compote option, and a ‘slow’ granola option) twice; once at their normal rate of eating and once after being instructed to eat slowly. Measures of self-reported appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) were assessed using a visual analogue scale at three time points; baseline (minimum 20 minutes before consumption), immediately pre-consumption and post-consumption. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS; paired sample t tests and one-way analysis of variance was conducted to measure whether change in appetite ratings between the time points differed between the four breakfast options.ResultsData were collected from 16 healthy volunteers (study aiming to recruit n = 21; mean age 32.1 y, female n = 13, 81.3%). For all four breakfast options, levels of hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption significantly decreased, and levels of fullness and satiety significantly increased between both baseline and post-consumption, (p < 0.05) and between pre-consumption and post-consumption (p < 0.05). However, amongst the four breakfast options, no significant differences were observed in change in these appetite measures between baseline and post-consumption and pre- and post-consumption (p > 0.05).DiscussionThis interim analysis demonstrates no differences in mean change in appetite measures for breakfast options of different texture chewed normally or more slowly. Analysis of the full study will determine the effect of oral processing behaviours and food texture on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety outcomes.
Nutritional status assessment of the Polish Border Guards officers – Body Mass Index or Fat Mass Index?
Authors: Anyzewska Anna , Lakomy Roman , Lepionka Tomasz , Szarska Ewa , Maculewicz Ewelina , Bolczyk Izabela , Tomczak Andrzej , Bertrandt Jerzy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Border Guards service requirements are very specific. Very good health and excellent psycho-physical condition are the main factors that determine effectiveness and reliability of designated tasks. Disorders of nutritional status, such as underweight, overweight or obesity not only impairs well-being, but also are health problem associated with limitation of possibilities to perform Border Guard's tasks and duties and can lead to earlier elimination from the service. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional status, using two indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI).Materials and methods:The study was carried out with participation of 259 Border Guards (64 women and 195 men), aged 38 ± 6; years of service: 12 ± 6. An electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) was used to determine body composition. Body Mass Index (BMI [kg/m2] = body mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) and Fat Mass Index FMI [kg/m2] = fat mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) were calculated for each of the participants.Results and discussion:Examined group of Polish Border Guards officers was characterized by a large variety of assessed anthropometric indicators. According to the BMI classification excess body mass was more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (68%) than in women (25%) and according to the FMI classification excess fat was also more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (55%) than in women (28%). BMI classification of overweight or obese was observed in 41 of participants with the normal FMI level. Fat percentage of women with normal BMI ranged from 11.6 to 33.5% and tat percentage of men with normal BMI ranged from 7.3 to 21.6%. There are difficulties in BMI interpretation in adults with increased physical activity. It seems more reasonable to assess correctness of nutritional status on the basis of an analyze of FMI value, as this indicator assesses degree of fatness, and not the entire body weight, which, in case of uniformed services usually is greater due to extensive muscle mass, which can increase BMI value. It is necessary to take educational activities in the field of health promotion of these people, with a focus on nutrition prevention of metabolic civilization diseases, as well as to motivate Border Guards officers to respect basic principles of proper nutrition to maintain proper body mass and fat mass.
Mobile health (mHealth) applications with children in treatment for obesity: A randomised feasibility study
Authors: Browne Sarah , Doyle Gerardine , Kechadi Tahar , O'Donnell Shane , O'Connor James , Tully Louise , Dow Mckenzie , O'Malley Grace 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionSmartphone mHealth apps can help children with obesity modify their rate of eating(1) and monitor physical activity(2). However, owing to issues with adherence, mHealth interventions require rigorous feasibility testing(3).AimTo evaluate, using a randomised design, the feasibility and acceptability of a mHealth intervention to reduce rate of eating and track physical activity among children in treatment for obesity.MethodsChildren (9–16 years) with obesity (BMI ≥ 98th centile) were recruited at a tertiary healthcare centre. The Research Ethics Committee at Temple St. Children's University Hospital granted ethical approval. Upon completing informed consent and assent, participants completed 2-week baseline testing including anthropometry, rate of eating by Mandometer® and physical activity using myBigO app. Thereafter participants were randomised to:(1)Treatment: Usual clinical care + Mandometer® training or (2)Control: Usual clinical care. Gender and age (9.0–12.9 years and 13.0–16.9 years) stratifications were applied. After a 4-week treatment period, participants repeated the 2-week testing period. Feasibility measures included fidelity with planned recruitment, randomisation, and intervention delivery and attrition. Acceptability measures included objective clinical portal engagement data and feedback from participants.ResultsOf 20 recruited, eight were randomised to intervention and 12 to control, with no significant age, gender or BMI SDS differences between groups. At baseline, 7 intervention (87.5%) and 8 control (66.7%) participants recorded rate of eating. Eighteen participants (90%) registered with myBigO app, with 16 recording data successfully. Two had smartphones incompatible with myBigO (n = 1 intervention;n = 1 control) and two did not engage with myBigO app (n = 1 intervention;n = 1 control). Among 4 participants who completed Mandometer® intervention, dose received ranged from 7%-92% of planned meals. 37.5% intervention and 58.3% control participants completed post-intervention measures. Attrition was higher in the intervention (n = 5;62.5%) than control (n = 3;25%) group. Reasons cited for withdrawing included loss of interest (n = 3 intervention), child felt overwhelmed or self-conscious (n = 2 control), lack of time (n = 1 intervention), behavioural issue with child (n = 1 control), and family illness (n = 1 intervention). No significant age, gender or BMI SDS differences were observed between non-completers and completers. Participant engagement and feedback indicated mixed acceptability among this cohort.ConclusionBased on results, the current protocol for study design and intervention should be improved, if engagement is to be maximised.The study is part of EU H2020 BigO Study (Big Data Against Childhood Obesity, Grant No. 727688.https://bigoprogram.eu/).
Effect of low-FODMAP diet in Finnish IBS patients. Results from non-controlled 12-week intervention study
Authors: Laatikainen Reijo , Poussa Tuija , Koskenpato Jari , Hillilä Markku , Loponen Jussi , Hongisto Sanna-Maria , Korpela Riitta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionLow FODMAP diet is shown to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in many populations. Until today, no holistic FODMAP diet studies have been published among Finnish IBS patients.Materials and MethodsThis study was a 12-week non-controlled follow-up study of a previously published randomised cross-over trial on different rye bread products 1. In this follow-up study (n = 50) symptom values during rye bread periods, i.e. low-FODMAP and regular rye periods, are used as baseline values.Participants were instructed to follow holistic low-FODMAP diet after they had first consumed regular and low-FODMAP rye bread for 4 weeks of each bread. Symptoms were measured with a validated symptom severity scoring system (IBS-SSS. Quality of life (QOL) was monitored and fiber intake during the rye bread periods and low-FODMAP diet was calculated from 4-day food diaries.ResultsMean IBS-SSS was 211 (SD 84) during low-FODMAP rye bread and 218 (86) during regular rye bread. During low-FODMAP diet IBS-SSS was 178 (79) at week 1 and reduced further to 135 (80) by the end of week 12 (p < 0.001). IBS-SSS scores at week 1 and week 12 during low-FODMAP diet were lower compared to low-FODMAP rye bread and regular rye bread (p < 0.01 for all comparisons.Mean QOL was 68 during low-FODMAP rye bread, 67 during regular rye bread ; 68 at week 1 and 74 at week 12 during low-FODMAP diet. At week 1 no improvement was found in QOL vs. either rye bread period, but at week 12 the improvement was significant (p < 0.001 vs. both rye breads).Fiber intake was lower at the end of week 12 (median 19 g/d) than during either low-FODMAP rye bread (28 g/d) or regular rye bread period (31 g) (p < 0.001 vs. both rye breads).DiscussionLow-FODMAP diet reduced the symptoms of IBS and improved quality of life in Finnish IBS patients. However, due to non-controlled nature of this follow-up study, the results need to be interpreted with caution, and randomised studies are warranted also in Finland. Achieving recommended intake of fiber seems to be challenging for Finnish patients with IBS, and therefore the use high fiber food items and/or fiber supplements which are also low in FODMAP should be encouraged.
Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is associated with lower birthweight and increased risk of preterm delivery in a large Norwegian pregnancy cohort
Authors: Abel Marianne H. , Caspersen Ida H. , Sengpiel Verena , Jacobsson Bo , Magnus Per M. , Alexander Jan , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Brantsaeter Anne Lise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIodine is essential in foetal development through being an integral part of the thyroid hormones. Severe iodine deficiency is associated with foetal growth restriction and preterm delivery. Less is known about the potential impact of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency on these outcomes.The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal iodine intake in pregnancy was associated with birth weight (BW) z-score (i.e. BW adjusted for gestational length and sex) and preterm delivery (before week 37).The study population included 77,995 singleton pregnancies from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study recruited in gestational week 15 in the period 2002–2008. Habitual iodine intake was calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire covering the first half of pregnancy. Use of supplements was reported in questionnaires. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in gestational week 18 in a subsample of n = 2795 women. Median iodine intake from food was 121 μg/day and median UIC was 69 μg/L. Median UIC < 150 μg/L is considered insufficient in pregnant women. Median birthweight was 3610 g and 5.0% were born before gestational week 37. Associations were modelled flexibly by use of restricted cubic splines, and adjusted for age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, education, smoking in pregnancy, energy intake, and fibre intake.In non-users of iodine-containing supplements (n = 48,958), a low habitual iodine intake from food (lower than about 150 μg/day) was associated with a lower mean BW z-score (p < 0.001). Compared to an intake of 150 μg/day (reference), mean z-score was 0.04 SD lower at 100 μg/day and 0.12 SD lower at 75 μg/day. Results were similar when using UIC as the exposure (n = 2795, p = 0.017). Any use of iodine containing supplements in pregnancy was associated with 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) SD increase in BW z-score compared to no use (n = 77,949, p < 0.001).A low habitual iodine intake from food (lower than about 100 μg/day) was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (p = 0.003). Compared to an intake of 100 μg/day (reference), 75 μg/day was associated with 10% increased risk, and 50 μg/day with 28% increased risk. Use of an iodine-containing supplement was not associated with the risk of preterm delivery (OR: 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91, 1.04, p = 0.42)).Inadequate iodine intake is prevalent in women of childbearing age in otherwise well-nourished populations. Our results indicate that mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy is associated with restricted foetal growth and increased risk of preterm delivery.
The effect of elderly simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion (SGID) on the antioxidant properties of different cheese matrices
Authors: Plante Aimee M. , McCarthy Aoife L. , O'Halloran Fiona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world's population is getting older. By 2050 it is projected that 22% of the global population will be over 60 years of age. Aging is characterized by a decline in physiological functions and an increase in malnutrition and associated disease. Oxidative stress is associated with several age-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. The negative effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are neutralized by antioxidants, which can be endogenously synthesised or consumed through the diet. Cheese is a nutritious dairy food and previous research has highlighted the antioxidant potential of some cheese types. Physiological changes associated with age can impact digestion processes, thus the ability to efficiently release bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, may be impaired with age. Cheese products varying by milk source, texture and fat content were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion (SGID) using a modified model to account for physiological changes associated with aging. The antioxidant potential of undigested and digested cheese (n = 11) was determined in vitro using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. Cellular antioxidant potential was also investigated using the reduced glutathione assay (GSH) in the human macrophage cell line (U937). Experiments were carried out in triplicate. Statistical analysis by T-test demonstrated that digestion significantly increased (P < 0.05) FRAP and TPC of all cheese products analysed. Of the eleven cheese products investigated, goats’ cheese displayed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in radical scavenging properties (89.8% inhibition). Low fat white cheddar had significantly higher (P < 0.05) GSH levels compared to full fat white cheddar (0.16 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.01 μmol GSH/mg protein, respectively). Findings from this study suggest that despite physiological changes associated with age, cheese digestates retain, and in some cases, possess higher antioxidant potential than undigested samples. Cheese demonstrates potential as a functional food for the elderly by neutralizing the negative effects associated with age-related oxidative stress.
Cage Bedding affects Microbiota and Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Gregor András , Fragner Lena , Trajanoski Slave , Weckwerth Wolfram , König Jürgen , Duszka Kalina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growing problem with the irreproducibility of the results of metabolic research urged us to analyse potential critical factors contributing to the disparities. Microbiota composition constitutes crucial variable in animal research. Gut flora changes depending on multiple factors including fibre intake. Mice derive fibre from diet but, especially under fasted conditions, also from bedding ingestion. Our project aims at assessing the impact of cage bedding on several aspects of metabolic research. Mice were divided into an overnight (ON) fasted, caloric restricted (CR) and ad libitum groups. In order to evaluate the effects of different beddings, mice were housed in cages with the most commonly used beddings: wooden, corncob or cellulose. Additionally, ON-fasted mice were kept without bedding or on metal grid preventing coprophagy. Mice bedding consumption and faeces production were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Metabolites composition and microbial diversity were analysed in caecum content. Mice organ weight and gene expression measurements were conducted. Mice show preference towards wooden bedding and consume it in highest amount followed by corncob and cellulose beddings. As a result of the bedding ingestion, caecum weight increases in the CR compared to ad libitum fed mice. CR leads to a reduced faeces production and it is the lowest in the CR wood and CR cellulose groups. Housing on metal grid results in greater body weight loss and decreases stomach and caecum size. ON-fasted mice housed without bedding or on grids show lower glucose levels when submitted to OGTT. CR influences the caecal bacterial diversity as well as the caecal metabolic profile. In the CR group, mice on the corncob bedding show a distinct caecal microbial composition and caecal metabolic profile compared to wooden and cellulose groups. CR is associated with increased abundance of Marinifilaceaefrom the phylum Bacteroidales, and Erysipelotrichaceaefrom the phylum Firmicutes and with a decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceaefrom the phylum Firmicutes. The main metabolites effected by CR are organic acids, fructose, sucrose and glutamine. The type of bedding exerts the strongest effect on valeric acid, lysine, threonine and organic acids. CR- and ON-fasting-associated weight loss, bedding consumption and fibre accumulation in the caecum depends on the bedding type. CR mice housed on wooden and cellulose beddings show similarities and are distinguishable from CR corncob group. Thus, depending on the composition and consumed amount, bedding intake affects numerous parameters and shapes the microbiome.