bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape structure and climate seasonality affect the amount, richness and diversity of pollen collected by honeybees in a Neotropical region of Colombia
Authors: Montoya-Pfeiffer Paula María , Nates-Parra Guiomar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPollen is the main food for honeybee broods and young workers and so colony development and reproduction rely heavily on pollen availability, both spatially and temporally, in the environment. Intensification of agriculture and climate seasonality are known to alter honeybee foraging patterns and pollen intake through changes in resource availability in temperate regions; however, little is known about how honeybees respond to such environmental factors in tropical regions.Pollen species collected by honeybees in a Neotropical agricultural region of Colombia were identified. The effects of landscape structure (landscape Shannon Diversity Index, forest area in 1000 m around the apiary) and climate seasonality (mean monthly precipitation) on the amount, richness and diversity of pollen collected by the honeybees were evaluated for all pollen species together and pollen species segregated according to forest and anthropic areas (croplands, grasslands, woodlands, urban areas).Honeybees were found to be much more associated with anthropic than forest pollen species regardless of landscape structure or precipitation. However, the amount, richness and diversity of pollen from all species and forest species responded positively to landscape diversity and forest area, suggesting an advantage for honeybees in obtaining small quantities of pollen from forest species, in spite of being well-adapted to forage in anthropic areas. Precipitation was found not to be related to the overall amount and overall richness of pollen collected by honeybees, suggesting that climate seasonality was not an important factor for pollen foraging. Nonetheless, overall pollen diversity was negatively affected by precipitation in less diverse landscapes, while anthropic pollen diversity was negatively affected in more forested landscapes. These findings are compared with those from temperate regions, and the implications for honeybee productivity and survival, and their interactions with Neotropical native species, are discussed.
Peroxisome counteracts oxidative stresses by suppressing catalase import via Pex14 phosphorylation
Authors: Okumoto Kanji , El Shermely Mahmoud , Natsui Masanao , Kosako Hidetaka , Natsuyama Ryuichi , Marutani Toshihiro , Fujiki Yukio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost of peroxisomal matrix proteins including a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-decomposing enzyme, catalase, are imported in a peroxisome-targeting signal type-1 (PTS1)-dependent manner. However, little is known about regulation of the membrane-bound protein import machinery. Here, we report that Pex14, a central component of the protein translocation complex in peroxisomal membrane, is phosphorylated in response to oxidative stresses such as H2O2in mammalian cells. H2O2-induced phosphorylation of Pex14 at Ser232 suppresses peroxisomal import of catalasein vivoand selectively decreases formation of PTS1 receptor Pex5-mediated ternary complex of Pex14 with catalasein vitro. Phosphomimetic Pex14-S232D mutant elevates the level of cytosolic catalase, but not canonical PTS1-proteins, conferring higher cell resistance to H2O2. We thus suggest that H2O2-induced phosphorylation of Pex14 spatiotemporally regulates peroxisomal import of catalase, functioning in counteracting action against oxidative stress by the increase of cytosolic catalase.
Whole Genome Comparison of Pakistani Corona Virus with Chinese and US Strains along with its Predictive Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Saif Rashid , Mahmood Tania , Ejaz Aniqa , Zia Saeeda , Qureshi Abdul Rasheed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently submitted 784 SARS-nCoV2 whole genome sequences from NCBI Virus database were taken for constructing phylogenetic tree to look into their similarities. Pakistani strain MT240479 (Gilgit1-Pak) was found in close proximity to MT184913 (CruiseA-USA), while the second Pakistani strain MT262993 (Manga-Pak) was neighboring to MT039887 (WI-USA) strain in the constructed cladogram in this article. Afterward, four whole genome SARS-nCoV2 strain sequences were taken for variant calling analysis, those who appeared nearest relative in the earlier cladogram constructed a week time ago. Among those two Pakistani strains each of 29,836 bases were compared against MT263429 from (WI-USA) of 29,889 bases and MT259229 (Wuhan-China) of 29,864 bases. We identified 31 variants in both Pakistani strains, (Manga-Pak vs USA=2del+7SNPs, Manga-Pak vs Chinese=2del+2SNPs, Gilgit1-Pak vs USA=10SNPs, Gilgit1-Pak vs Chinese=8SNPs), which caused alteration inORF1ab, ORF1aandNgenes with having functions of viral replication and translation, host innate immunity and viral capsid formation respectively. These novel variants are assumed to be liable for low mortality rate in Pakistan with 385 as compared to USA with 63,871 and China with 4,633 deaths by May 01, 2020. However functional effects of these variants need further confirmatory studies. Moreover, mutated N & ORF1a proteins in Pakistani strains were also analyzed by 3D structure modelling, which give another dimension of comparing these alterations at amino acid level. In a nutshell, these novel variants are assumed to be linked with reduced mortality of COVID-19 in Pakistan along with other influencing factors, these novel variants would also be useful to understand the virulence of this virus and to develop indigenous vaccines and therapeutics.
Actinobacillusutilizes a binding-protein dependent ABC transporter to acquire Vitamin B6
Authors: Pan Chuxi , Zimmer Alexandra , Shah Megha , Huynh Minhsang , Lai Christine C.L. , Sit Brandon , Hooda Yogesh , Curran David , Moraes Trevor F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBacteria require high efficiency uptake systems to survive and proliferate in nutrient limiting environments, such as those found in the host. The ABC transporters at the bacterial plasma membrane provide a mechanism for transport of many substrates. We recently demonstrated that an AfuABC operon, previously annotated as encoding a ferrous iron uptake system, is in fact a cyclic hexose/heptose-phosphate transporter with high selectivity and specificity for these metabolites. In this study, we examine a second operon containing a periplasmic binding protein discovered inActinobacillusfor its potential role in nutrient acquisition. Using electron density obtained from the crystal structure of the periplasmic binding protein we modeled a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (P5P/PLP/Vitamin B6) ligand into the atomic resolution electron density map. The identity of the Vitamin B6bound to this periplasmic binding protein was verified by isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis, and mass spectrometry, leading us to name the protein P5PA and the operon P5PAB. To illustrate the functional utility of this uptake system, we introduced the P5PAB operon fromA. pleuropneumoniaeinto anE. coliK-12 strain that was devoid of a key enzyme required for Vitamin B6synthesis. The growth of this strain at low levels of Vitamin B6supports the role of this newly identify operon in Vitamin B6uptake.
Does quitting social networks change feelings of loneliness among freshmen? An experimental study
Authors: Agadullina Elena R. , Lovakov Andrey , Kiselnikova Natalia V. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe first year of college is a stressful life period connected with the experience of loneliness, isolation and depression since the majority of freshmen can no longer maintain an equally close relationship with school friends and family. Social networks have become a significant part of students' daily lives and might be an effective tool for maintaining relationship and reducing loneliness. There are contradictory results concerning the relationship between social networks sites (SNS) use and feelings of loneliness.Design/methodology/approachA four-week experiment was conducted to study the effect of SNS on feelings of social and emotional loneliness across freshmen. The treatment group (n = 40) took a break from SNS, while the control group (n = 37) used SNS as usual.FindingsComparison of the treatment and control groups showed that quitting SNS does not change either feeling of social/emotional loneliness. This paper also found that feelings of social and emotional loneliness did not depend on freshmen's positive/negative attitudes toward being alone.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few that uses experimental design to study the effects of using social networks on the psychological state of students in the context of higher education. The results showed that refusing SNS use can have a positive potential for psychological well-being of freshmen since solitude can be used by them as time for self-discovery and self-development. According to the results, social networks neither increase nor decrease the feeling of loneliness, and offline learning and communication environment plays a more significant role in the adaptation of freshmen. These results allow to take a new look at the studies related to the relationship between SNS use and loneliness and the role of social networks in the adaptation of freshmen.
How the effects of latitude on daylight availability may have influenced the evolution of migration and photoperiodism
Authors: Sockman Keith W. , Hurlbert Allen H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Date and latitude interact to determine photoperiod, the daily period of daylight. This interaction has important implications for latitudinal migrants for whom daylight may be a resource or for whom photoperiod regulates annual transitions in life‐history stages (i.e. birds).

Using an established formula, we developed user‐interactive, animated models that enable the visualization of how latitude and date determine photoperiod for latitudinal migrants. We also calculated the photoperiodic schedules for a broad range of hypothetical migratory programmes and real migratory programmes newly available through the proliferation of citizen‐science data. This enabled us to infer the limitations some migratory programmes place on mechanisms for photoperiodic regulation of annual breeding.

In the vast majority of cases, the act of migrating elevates annual daylight exposure. This raises the hypothesis that daylight availability selects for latitudinal migration, potentially contributing to its evolution in animals such as diurnal birds with limited time during the spring and summer to feed young. However, photoperiodic mechanisms regulating annual cycles could constrain the evolution of such migrations, depending on how they affect photoperiodic schedules. Most migratory programmes are consistent with known mechanisms of avian photoperiodism, but the range of feasible mechanisms declines for transequatorial migrants, which experience semi‐annual, 180°‐phase‐shifts in their photoperiodic cycles.

Understanding photoperiodic constraints on migration is particularly important in this age of changing latitudinal distributions and phenologies driven by climate change.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Seasonal survival and reversible state effects in a long‐distance migratory shorebird
Authors: Swift Rose J. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Johnson James A. , Andres Brad A. , Senner Nathan R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEvents during one stage of the annual cycle can reversibly affect an individual's condition and performance not only within that stage, but also in subsequent stages (i.e. reversible state effects). Despite strong conceptual links, however, few studies have been able to empirically link individual‐level reversible state effects with larger‐scale demographic processes.We studied both survival and potential reversible state effects in a long‐distance migratory shorebird, the Hudsonian GodwitLimosa haemastica. Specifically, we estimated period‐specific survival probabilities across the annual cycle and examined the extent to which an individual's body condition, foraging success and habitat quality during the nonbreeding season affected its subsequent survival and reproductive performance.Godwit survival rates were high throughout the annual cycle, but lowest during the breeding season, only slightly higher during southbound migration and highest during the stationary nonbreeding season. Our results indicate that overwintering godwits foraging in high‐quality habitats had comparably better nutritional status and pre‐migratory body condition, which in turn improved their return rates and the likelihood that their nests and chicks survived during the subsequent breeding season.Reversible state effects thus appeared to link events between nonbreeding and breeding seasons via an individual's condition, in turn affecting their survival and subsequent reproductive performance. Our study thus provides one of the few empirical demonstrations of theoretical predictions that reversible state effects have the potential to influence population dynamics.
Obstetric admissions to intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand: a registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Maiden MJ , Finnis ME , Duke GJ , Huning EYS , Crozier TME , Nguyen N , Biradar V , McArthur C , Pilcher D 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveDescribe the epidemiology of obstetric patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).DesignRegistry‐based cohort study.SettingOne hundred and eighty‐three ICUs in Australia and New Zealand.PopulationWomen aged 15–49 years, admitted to ICU between 2008 and 2017, classified as pregnant, postpartum or with an obstetric‐related diagnosis.MethodsData were extracted from the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database and national agencies.Main outcome measuresIncidence of ICU admission, cohort characteristics, maternal outcomes and changes over time.ResultsThe cohort comprised 16 063 patients. The annual number of obstetric ICU admissions increased, whereas their proportion of total ICU admissions (1.3%) did not change (odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.04, P = 0.14). There were 10 518 (65%) with an obstetric‐related ICU diagnosis, and 5545 (35%) with a non‐obstetric ICU diagnosis. Mean (SD) age was 31 (6.4) years, 1463 (9.1%) were Indigenous, 2305 (14%) were transferred from another hospital, and 3008 (19%) received mechanical ventilation. Median [IQR] length of stay in hospital was 5.2 [3.1–7.9] days, which included 1.1 [0.7–1.8] days in ICU. There were 108 (0.7%) maternal deaths, most (n = 97, 90%) having a non‐obstetric diagnosis. There was no change in risk‐adjusted length of stay or mortality over time.ConclusionsObstetric patients account for a stable proportion of ICU admissions in Australia and New Zealand. These patients typically have a short length of ICU stay and low hospital mortality.Tweetable abstractObstetric patients in Australia/New Zealand ICUs have a short length of ICU stay and low mortality.
Hemiptera phylogenomic resources: Tree‐based orthology prediction and conserved exon identification
Authors: Owen Christopher L. , Stern David B. , Hilton Sarah K. , Crandall Keith A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing of transcriptomes and targeted genomic regions are advancing our knowledge of The Tree of Life. Building phylogenies with regions of the genome requires 1‐to‐1 orthologue resources of genes and noncoding loci. One organismal group that has received little attention in this area is the Hemiptera, the fifth largest insect order represented by ~103,590 named species. Here, we present a set of 3,872 Hemiptera 1‐to‐1 orthogroups based on tree‐based orthology inference of eight Hemiptera species with publicly available genome sequences. We also estimate a set of 406 orthologous exons with similar mRNA splice sites that can be used for Sanger sequencing and develop enrichment probes for targeted genome sequencing for phylogenomic inference. We show this novel set of orthologues is informative at the protein, coding sequence and exon molecular levels and provides robust branch support in both gene tree–species tree methods and concatenated sequence phylogenies. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these loci to resolve relationships in whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci, a large species complex with few phylogenomic resources. Last, we compare our Hemiptera phylogeny with previously published phylogenies and other orthologue databases, while providing suggestions on further improvement to this phylogenomic resource.
The genetic adaptations of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda facilitated its rapid global dispersal and invasion
Authors: Xiao Huamei , Ye Xinhai , Xu Hongxing , Mei Yang , Yang Yi , Chen Xi , Yang Yajun , Liu Tao , Yu Yongyi , Yang Weifei , Lu Zhongxian , Li Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a lepidopteran insect pest that causes huge economic losses. This notorious insect pest has rapidly spread over the world in the past few years. However, the mechanisms of rapid dispersal are not well understood. Here, we report a chromosome‐level assembled genome of the fall armyworm, named the ZJ‐version, using PacBio and Hi‐C technology. The sequenced individual was a female collected from the Zhejiang province of China and had high heterozygosity. The assembled genome size of ZJ‐version was 486 Mb, containing 361 contigs with an N50 of 1.13 Mb. Hi‐C scaffolding further assembled the genome into 31 chromosomes and a portion of W chromosome, representing 97.4% of all contigs and resulted in a chromosome‐level genome with scaffold N50 of 16.3 Mb. The sex chromosomes were identified by genome resequencing of a single male pupa and a single female pupa. About 28% of the genome was annotated as repeat sequences, and 22,623 protein‐coding genes were identified. Comparative genomics revealed the expansion of the detoxification‐associated gene families, chemoreception‐associated gene families, nutrition metabolism and transport system gene families in the fall armyworm. Transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses focused on these gene families revealed the potential roles of the genes in polyphagia and invasion of fall armyworm. The high‐quality of the fall armyworm genome provides an important genomic resource for further explorations of the mechanisms of polyphagia and insecticide resistance, as well as for pest management of fall armyworm.
Splitting Urban Waters: The Politicisation of Water in Barcelona between Populism and Anti‐Populism
Authors: Popartan Lucia Alexandra , Ungureanu Camil , Velicu Irina , Amores Maria José , Poch Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current literature on remunicipalisation is focused either on theoretical concepts (e.g. right to the city, commons, return of the political) or on the “insurgent” actors involved in this process, overlooking the counter‐politicisation of the economic agents and the resulting struggles for power and legitimation. This paper examines, by means of an interpretative qualitative methodology and by critically engaging with Ernesto Laclau’s approach to populism, the complexities of the ongoing dialectic of populist and anti‐populist antagonism between socio‐political actors and private companies, with a focus on the discourse on remunicipalisation of water in Barcelona.
2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Sagastagoitia Iñigo , Alba Cristina , Mañas Norberto , Olivares David , Rey Enrique 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundData on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who have had 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease (COVID‐19) are needed.AimsTo report the clinical characteristics, including gastrointestinal symptoms, of COVID‐19 in IBD patients, and to assess the risk of COVID‐19 in IBD.MethodsThis case series included consecutive IBD patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19. Age‐adjusted cumulative incidences were compared with the general population in the Madrid region.ResultsThrough April 8, 12 of 1918 IBD patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19. The average age was 52 years, 75% of the patients were female and 58.3% had Crohn’s disease. Seven patients (58%) were on maintenance treatment with immunomodulators/biologics, of these four with combined therapy (33%). Eight patients (66%) required hospitalisation (one intensive care unit admission, and two deaths), and four patients were isolated at home. Nine patients had diarrhoea ranging between 4 and 10 loose stools per day (mean 5.4, SD 1.6). In five patients (42%) diarrhoea was a presenting symptom. In two patients, diarrhoea was the only symptom at debut. Cumulative incidence of COVID‐19 was 6.2 per 1000 IBD patients. IBD patients had a lower adjusted incidence ratio of COVID‐19 (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70‐0.77; P < 0.001), and a similar associated mortality ratio (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84‐1.06; P = 0.36), compared with the general population.ConclusionsIBD patients do not have an increased risk of COVID‐19 and associated mortality compared with the general population. In many IBD patients, diarrhoea was a presenting symptom, and sometimes, was the only symptom at onset of COVID‐19.
Upsetting the apple CAR‐T (chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy) ‐ sustainability mandates USA innovation
Authors: Pantin Jeremy , Battiwalla Minoo 
Published: May 2020

SummarySeldom has a medical advance in cancer therapy been as pivotal as the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell immunotherapy. While the first applications targeted the CD19 antigen on lymphoid malignancies, the incredible specificity of these ‘living drugs’, curative potential and generalisability to other targets have richly justified their declaration as 2019’s breakthrough of the year by Science magazine. Two CAR‐T products, Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) and Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) were Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved in the USA in late 2017, with the FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb heralding ‘a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer’. Building upon early enthusiasm, nearly 1000 cell‐ and gene‐therapy investigational new drug applications are pending with the FDA, which expects to review and approve between 10 and 20 such treatments annually by 2025. Despite the enormous promise and urgent unmet need fulfilled by CAR‐T cells, the real‐world adoption of the two FDA‐approved treatments has been slow.