bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Selecting the Number of Repetitions in Potentiation Protocols: Enhancement Effects on Jumping Performance
Authors: Dello Iacono Antonio , Beato Marco , Halperin Israel 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether providing athletes with a choice regarding the number of repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol would enhance jumping performance compared with protocols in which the number of repetitions is predetermined. Methods: Fifteen male basketball players completed 4 testing sessions separated by 72 hours. In the first session, individual optimum power loads in the barbell jump squat were determined. In the following 3 sessions, the athletes completed 3 sets of 3 potentiation protocols using optimum power load jump squats in a partly randomized order: (1) The traditional condition included 6 repetitions per set, (2) the self-selected condition included a choice regarding the number of repetitions to complete per set, and (3) the imposed condition included the same number of repetitions per set as the self-selected condition, but the number was imposed on the athletes beforehand. The jumping performance was determined as jump squat test height and measured using a force platform before and 30 seconds, 4 minutes, and 8 minutes after completing the protocols. Results: The self-selected condition led to superior jumping performance compared with the 2 other conditions across all post measures (P < .05; range: 0.3–1.3 cm). Compared with the traditional condition, the imposed condition led to superior jumping performance across all post measures (range: 0.2–0.45 cm), although not statistically significant at post 4 minutes and post 8 minutes. Conclusions: Choice provision concerning how many repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol is a useful performance-enhancing strategy. Improved potentiation–fatigue ratio and motivational factors are sought to explain these effects.
District-level health system strengthening for universal health coverage: evidence from a longitudinal cohort study in rural Madagascar, 2014-2018
Authors: Garchitorena Andres , Miller Ann C , Cordier Laura F , Randriamanambintsoa Marius , Razanadrakato Hery-Tiana R , Randriamihaja Mauricianot , Razafinjato Benedicte , Finnegan Karen E , Haruna Justin , Rakotonirina Luc , Rakotozafy Germain , Raharimamonjy Laliarisoa , Atwood Sidney , Murray Megan B , Rich Michael , Loyd Tara , Solofomalala Gaêtan Duval , Bonds Matthew H 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDespite renewed commitment to universal health coverage and health system strengthening (HSS) to improve access to primary care, there is insufficient evidence to guide their design and implementation. To address this, we conducted an impact evaluation of an ongoing HSS initiative in rural Madagascar, combining data from a longitudinal cohort and primary health centres.MethodsWe carried out a district representative household survey at the start of the HSS intervention in 2014 in over 1500 households in Ifanadiana district, and conducted follow-up surveys at 2 and 4 years. At each time point, we estimated maternal, newborn and child health coverage; economic and geographical inequalities in coverage; and child mortality rates; both in the HSS intervention and control catchments. We used logistic regression models to evaluate changes associated with exposure to the HSS intervention. We also estimated changes in health centre per capita utilisation during 2013 to 2018.ResultsChild mortality rates decreased faster in the HSS than in the control catchment. We observed significant improvements in care seeking for children under 5 years of age (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.44) and individuals of all ages (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.58), but no significant differences in maternal care coverage. Economic inequalities in most coverage indicators were reduced, while geographical inequalities worsened in nearly half of the indicators.ConclusionThe results demonstrate improvements in care seeking and economic inequalities linked to the early stages of a HSS intervention in rural Madagascar. Additional improvements in this context of persistent geographical inequalities will require a stronger focus on community health.
Do subtle findings on chest X-ray predict worse outcomes for paediatric asthma?
Authors: Abeles Michael , Akerman Meredith , Halaby Claudia , Pirzada Melodi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma, a common childhood condition, often presents with chronic cough. While evaluating for chronic cough, many specialists obtain a baseline chest radiograph (CR) to assess for other causes. Usually read as ‘normal’, sometimes CRs will reveal evidence of airway inflammation in the form of subtle findings, such as ‘increased interstitial markings’ or ‘peribronchial thickening’. There is sparse literature in the outpatient setting correlating findings on baseline CRs with adverse outcomes such as systemic steroid use, emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalisation.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients seen at our institution's Pediatric Pulmonology outpatient clinic. We reviewed the charts of all new patients aged 0–18 years who presented between January 2015 and December 2017. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with asthma, had a CR after the initial visit and were followed up at least twice. Adverse outcomes include systemic steroid use, ED visit or hospitalisation.Results130 subjects were included. 89 subjects had clear CRs and 41 subjects had CRs with airway inflammation. Overall events were higher in the airway inflammation group (22.5% vs 46.3%, respectively, p&lt;0.0058). There were no significant differences between in terms of oral corticosteroid use or hospitalisations. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of ED visits (2.2% vs 14.6%, respectively, p=0.0121).ConclusionThis study shows a positive correlation between airway inflammation findings on baseline CR and subsequent ED visits in patients with asthma.
Is the tobacco ‘footfall’ argument justified for tobacco purchases in New Zealand convenience stores?
Authors: Marsh Louise , Cameron Claire , Quigg Robin , Wood Sarah , Blank Mei-Ling , Venter Noeleen , Thomas Lathan , Robertson Lindsay , Hoek Janet , Sullivan Trudy 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionNew Zealand’s Smokefree 2025 goal aims to greatly decrease the availability of tobacco. One option is to cease the sale of tobacco from convenience stores. However, tobacco companies and retail trade associations oppose this move and have argued that customers who purchase tobacco drive footfall and spend more than non-tobacco customers. The aim of this study is to test the validity of industry claims about the importance of tobacco to convenience stores.MethodsDuring November and December 2019, immediate postpurchase surveys were undertaken with customers on exit from a random sample of 100 convenience stores in two New Zealand cities. We estimated the mean number of items purchased, including tobacco and non-tobacco items, and mean expenditure on non-tobacco items.ResultsOf the 3399 transactions recorded, 13.8% included tobacco, of which 8.3% comprised tobacco only and 5.5% included tobacco and non-tobacco items. The mean number of transactions containing both tobacco and non-tobacco items was 1.98, and 1.87 for those containing non-tobacco items only. Customers who purchased tobacco and non-tobacco items spent on average NZ$6.99 on non-tobacco items, whereas customers who purchased non-tobacco items only, spent on average NZ$5.07.ConclusionsOur results do not support claims that tobacco drives one-quarter of footfall into stores or that customers who purchase tobacco spend almost twice as much as non-tobacco customers. Combined purchases of tobacco and non-tobacco items constituted 5.5% of transactions; the impact on a store’s profitability of removing tobacco sales is unknown and could be the focus of future research.
Potential impact of sub-structure on the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy at medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiments
Authors: Cheng Zhaokan , Raper Neill , Wang Wei , Wong Chan Fai , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, the precise measurement of the lastly known neutrino mixing angle $$\theta _{13}$$

θ
13

has enabled the resolution of neutrino mass hierarch (MH) at medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation (MBRO) experiments. Recent calculations of the reactor neutrino flux predict percent-level sub-structures in the $$\bar{\nu }_e$$

ν

¯

e

spectrum due to Coulomb effects in beta decay. Such fine structure in the reactor spectrum has been an issue of concern for efforts to determine the neutrino MH for the MBRO approach, the concern being that the sub-dominant oscillation pattern used to discriminate different hierarchies will be obscured by fine structure. The energy resolutions of current reactor experiments are not sufficient to measure such fine structure, and therefore the size and location in energy of these predicted discontinuities has not been confirmed experimentally. There has been speculation that a near detector is required with sufficient energy resolution to resolve the fine structure. This article studies the impact of fine structure on the resolution of MH, based on predicted reactor neutrino spectra, using the measured spectrum from Daya Bay as a reference. We also investigate how a near detector could improve the sensitivity of neutrino MH resolution based on various assumptions of near detector energy resolution.
Neutral physical compact spherically symmetric stars with non-exotic matters in Einstein’s cluster model using Weitzenböck geometry
Authors: Nashed G. G. L. , Abebe Amare , Bamba Kazuharu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe revisit the neutral (uncharged) solutions that describe Einstein’s clusters with matters in the frame of Weitzenböck geometry. To this end, we use a tetrad field with non-diagonal spherical symmetry which gives vanishing of the off-diagonal components of the gravitational field equations. The cluster solutions are calculated by using an anisotropic energy–momentum tensor. We solve the field equations using two novel assumptions. First, we use an equation of state that relates density with tangential pressure, and then we assume a specific form of one of the metric potentials in addition to the assumption of the vanishing of radial pressure to make the system of differential equations in a closed-form. The resulting solutions are coincide with the literature $$ however \, \,in\, \,this\, \,study\, \,we\, \,constrain\,\, the\,\, constants \, \,of\, \, integration\, \, from\, \, \,the\, \, matching\,\, of\, \,boundary $$

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Among many things presented in this study, we investigate the static stability specification and show that our model is consistent with a real compact start except that the tangential pressure has a vanishing value at the center of the star which is not accepted from the physical viewpoint of a real compact star. We conclude that the model that has vanishing radial pressure in the frame of Einstein’s theory is not a physical model. Therefore, we extend this study and derive a new compact star without assuming the vanishing of the redial pressure but instead we assume new form of the metric potentials. We repeat our procedure done in the case of vanishing radial pressure and show in details that the new compact star is more realistic from different physical viewpoints of real compact stellar.
Relativistic Langevin dynamics: charm versus beauty
Authors: Li Shuang , Xiong Wei , Wan Renzhuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe production of heavy quarks (charm and beauty) provides unique insights into the transport properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. Experimentally, the nuclear modification factor $$R_{\mathrm{AA}}$$

R
AA

and the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient $$v_{\mathrm{2}}$$

v
2

of heavy-flavor mesons are powerful observables to study the medium-related effects, such as energy loss and collectivity, on the heavy quark propagation through the QGP evolution. The latest measurements of the prompt and non-prompt open heavy-flavor hadrons allow a systematic comparison of the transport behaviors probed by charm and beauty quarks. In this work we make such an attempt utilizing our recently developed framework. By performing a quantitative investigation of $$R_{\mathrm{AA}}$$

R
AA

and $$v_{\mathrm{2}}$$

v
2

, it is found that both charm and beauty quarks are efficient probes to capture the dynamical features of QGP, in particular the resulting mass hierarchy for the energy loss and azimuthal anisotropy, which are well inherited by the various D/B-meson species. Moreover, our calculations can describe simultaneously $$R_{\mathrm{AA}}$$

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AA

and $$v_{\mathrm{2}}$$

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2

data for the prompt and non-prompt $$D^{0}$$

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mesons in central ($$0-10\%$$

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) and semi-central ($$30-50\%$$

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) Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02~{\mathrm{TeV}}$$

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. The predictions for B-meson observables for upcoming experimental tests are also made down to the low momentum region.
Collating European data on geological events in submerged areas: examples of correlation and interpretation from Italian seas
Authors: Battaglini Loredana , D'Angelo Silvana , Fiorentino Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Project provides freely available data on European seas. The main purpose of EMODnet is to overcome the fragmentation and dishomogeneity of the available data, providing access to a harmonized and interoperable database. The EMODnet Geology Lot includes information at multiple scales on the seabed and its substrate (
http://www.emodnet-geology.eu/
). The dataset on ‘Geological events and probabilities’ collects information on landslides, earthquakes, volcanic structures, active tectonics, tsunamis and fluid emissions. The Geological Survey of Italy, which coordinates the collation of ‘Geological events and probabilities’ data, provided guidelines to compile layers complemented by comprehensive and detailed patterns of attributes for each feature in order to characterize each type of geological event. Occurrences of events are often associated with each other, particularly in tectonically active areas. Geological events affect both submerged and coastal environments. Data gathered by EMODnet Geology provide a good basis for further studies, contributing to the outlining of different tectonic settings and providing support to the use of marine resources, as well as to the management of marine-coastal areas particularly regarding the identification and assessment of geological and environmental hazards.
Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Macular Hole Using Different Types of Tamponades and Different Postoperative Positioning Regimens
Authors: Veith M. , Vránová J. , Němčanský J. , Studnička J. , Penčák M. , Straňák Z. , Mojžíš P. , Studený P. , Piñero D. P. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To compare the effect of different types of intraocular tamponade and different types of postoperative positioning on the closure of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods. Prospective randomized clinical trial enrolling 104 eyes of 100 patients (age, 57–87 years) undergoing MH surgery. All patients were operated on by an experienced surgeon using 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Patients were randomized according to the type of intraocular tamponade and postoperative positioning into the following four groups: SF6 + nonsupine reading position (n = 26) (group 1), air + nonsupine reading position (n = 25) (group 2), air + prone position (n = 26) (group 3), or SF6 + prone position (n = 27) (group 4). The follow-up period was 6 months. Results. MH closure was achieved in 87 eyes (83.7 %) in the overall sample after the first surgery, with closure rates of 100%, 56%, 84.6%, and 92.6% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The group 2 was significantly less successful compared to the other three groups (

p

< 0.05). MH of sizes ≤400 µm was closed in 97.2% of cases after the first surgery, with no significant differences between groups (

p

= 0.219). MH with sizes over 400 µm was closed in 70.9% of cases after the first surgery, with both groups with air tamponade being significantly less successful than group 1. The nonsupine reading position was subjected to a better subjective evaluation in terms of postoperative comfort and quality of sleep, with no differences between air and SF6 tamponade tolerance. Conclusion. PPV with ILM peeling, intraocular tamponade, and positioning remains the basic surgical approach in the treatment of IMH. For MH ≤ 400 µm, a high closure rate can be achieved by combining air tamponade and nonsupine reading position. For macular holes >400 µm, the greatest anatomical success can be achieved by using the SF6 tamponade in combination with the nonsupine reading position.
Patterns of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and Class II Associations and Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Derkach Andriy , Yu Kelly J. , Yeager Meredith , Chang Yu-Sun , Chen Chien-Jen , Gyllensten Ulf , Lan Qing , Lee Mei-Hsuan , McKay James D. , Rothman Nathaniel , Yang Hwai-I , Hildesheim Allan , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene variation is associated with risk of cancers, particularly those with infectious etiology or hematopoietic origin, given its role in immune presentation. Previous studies focused primarily on HLA allele/haplotype-specific associations. To answer whether associations are driven by HLA class I (essential for T-cell cytotoxicity) or class II (important for T-cell helper responses) genes, we analyzed GWAS from 24 case–control studies and consortia comprising 27 cancers (totaling &gt;71,000 individuals). Associations for most cancers with infectious etiology or of hematopoietic origin were driven by multiple HLA regions, suggesting that both cytotoxic and helper T-cell responses are important. Notable exceptions were observed for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an EBV-associated cancer, and CLL/SLL forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas; these cancers were associated with HLA class I region only and HLA class II region only, implying the importance of cytotoxic T-cell responses for the former and CD4+ T-cell helper responses for the latter. Our findings suggest that increased understanding of the pattern of HLA associations for individual cancers could lead to better insights into specific mechanisms involved in cancer pathogenesis.

Significance:
GWAS of &gt;71,000 individuals across 27 cancer types suggest that patterns of HLA Class I and Class II associations may provide etiologic insights for cancer.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause Mortality among Patients Diagnosed with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Zheng Wei , Bailey Christina E. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Pietenpol Jennifer A. , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

It is unclear whether racial/ethnic disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mortality remain after accounting for clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care–related factors. In this study, women with a primary diagnosis of TNBC during 2010–2014 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 3- and 5-year all-cause mortality associated with race/ethnicity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with stepwise adjustments for age, clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care–related factors. Of 78,708 patients, non-Hispanic (NH) black women had the lowest 3-year overall survival rates (79.4%), followed by NH-whites (83.1%), Hispanics (86.0%), and Asians (87.1%). After adjustment for clinical characteristics, NH-blacks had a 12% higher risk of dying 3 years post-diagnosis (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07–1.17), whereas Hispanics and Asians had a 24% (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70–0.83) and 17% (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.94) lower risk than their NH-white counterparts. The black–white disparity became non-significant after combined adjustment for treatment and access-to-care–related factors (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99–1.09), whereas the white-Hispanic and white-Asian differences remained. Stratified analyses revealed that among women aged less than or equal to 50 with stage III cancer, the elevated risk among NH-blacks persisted (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.39) after full adjustments. Similar results were seen for 5-year mortality. Overall, clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care–related factors accounted for most of the white–black differences in all-cause mortality of TNBC but explained little about Hispanic- and Asian-white differences.

Significance:
These findings highlight the need for equal healthcare to mitigate the black–white disparity and for investigations of contributors beyond healthcare for lower mortality among Asians and Hispanics.
Abstract IA12: Dynamic metabolic regulation of epigenetic remodeling in macrophages
Authors: Fan Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the course of an immune response, macrophages undergo a sequence of functional transitions. These transitions are coupled to dynamic rewiring of cellular metabolism. The impact of metabolic state on chromatin modifications allows the dynamic metabolic reprogramming to orchestrate immunity during immune responses. Specifically, we found that in response to the classic stimuli lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is profoundly inhibited over time, mediating the metabolic transition from the early pro-inflammatory stage to the later more immunosuppressive stage. The regulation of PDHC activity dynamically controls cellular acetyl-coA availability. We will discuss how this affects histone acetylation in macrophages over a course of prolonged stimulation and upon repeated stimulation. Furthermore, our study revealed that several metabolites directly involved in the addition or removal of histone methylation, such as S-adenosyl-methionine and succinate, show highly dynamic changes during the immune response. We will discuss which specific epigenetic modifications are sensitive to fluctuations in metabolite levels. This work reveals important mechanisms connecting metabolism, epigenetic and changes in macrophage functions during immune response.
Citation Format: Jing Fan. Dynamic metabolic regulation of epigenetic remodeling in macrophages [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.