bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of C4 Olefins from Acetylene over Supported Copper Catalysts
Authors: Li Qingyuan , Wang Yuxin , Hu Jianli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConversion of acetylene to C4 olefins enables on‐purpose synthesis of C4 olefins using abundant natural gas resource due to acetylene can be synthesized from methane or ethane. In this study, Cu‐based catalysts supported on SiO2, ZSM‐5 and mordenite (MOR) were tested for acetylene hydrodimerization. Effect of promoters including Ru, Ga, Ag and Pd on the acetylene conversion and C4 olefins selectivity are investigated. The structures of these catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRD, BET, H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD and XPS measurements. Results showed that temperature, pressure and hydrogen partial pressure had positive effect on acetylene conversion. In the presence of Ru promotor, 100 % acetylene conversion and 87 % selectivity to C4 olefins were achieved over Cu/MOR catalyst under conditions of 0.1 MPa and 200 °C. The mechanistic aspect of acetylene hydrodimerization was elucidated where the C4 intermediate was formed by the reaction between [Cu]−C2H2 π‐complex and [Cu]−C2H2 σ‐complex which were transformed to 1,3‐butadiene and butene.
A Composited Interlayer with Dual‐Effect Trap and Repulsion for Inhibition of Polysulfides in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Luo Chen , Huang Yixuan , Huang Yun , Li Xing , Wang Mingshan , Lin Yuanhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe shuttle effect of polysulfides in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) is the biggest obstacle for their practical application. Inserting a composite interlayer between the cathode and separator to solve the problem is a simple and effective strategy. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a suitable choice for trapping polysulfides, owing to its strong dipole‐dipole interaction with polysulfides. In addition, in order to enhances the inhibitory effect of the composite interlayer on the polysulfide shuttling, the addition of negatively charged sodium lignosulfonate (SL) into the composite interlayer can effectively repel the polysulfide, thus achieving a dual‐effect inhibition on the shuttle effect together with PEO, and obtaining better cell performances. Furthermore, owing to the addition of PEO and SL, the physical and electrochemical performances have been significantly improved, including, but not limited to, the liquid electrolyte uptake (251.5 wt %), ionic conductivity (5.9×10−4 S cm−1), and lithium transferences number (0.61). Therefore, this is a simple and effective strategy to prepare composite interlayer with PEO and SL to achieve dual‐effect suppression of the shuttle effect in LSBs.
Adhesive Ion‐Gel as Gate Insulator of Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Singaraju Surya Abhishek , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Hahn Horst , Breitung Ben 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a facile method to fabricate a cohesive ion‐gel based gate insulator for electrolyte‐gated transistors is introduced. The adhesive and flexible ion‐gel can be laminated easily on the semiconducting channel and electrode manually by hand. The ion‐gel is synthesized by a straightforward technique without complex procedures and shows a remarkable ionic conductivity of 4.8 mS cm−1 at room temperature. When used as a gate insulator in electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs), an on/off current ratio of 2.24×104 and a subthreshold swing of 117 mV dec−1 can be achieved. This performance is roughly equivalent to that of ink drop‐casted ion‐gels in electrolyte‐gated transistors, indicating that the film‐attachment method might represent a valuable alternative to ink drop‐casting for the fabrication of gate insulators.
Financial advice and discretion limits
Authors: Davies Shaun William 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiased recommendations from financial advisors often lead to suboptimal portfolios and unnecessary fees. In response, many households have moved to digital platforms, so‐called “robo‐advisors,” that provide low‐fee financial advice based on the household's observable characteristics. We model the advisor–client relationship and show that delegation with limits on the advisor's choice set (i.e., discretion limits) reduces the negative consequences of biased recommendations. Moreover, our analysis suggests that human advisors may play an important role in financial advice when they possess soft information about the client. The analysis suggests that a hybrid solution consisting of discretion limits (produced by a robo‐advisor‐like platform) and advisor choice may be optimal.
INPHARMA‐Based Determination of Ligand Binding Modes at α1‐Adrenergic Receptors Explains the Molecular Basis of Subtype Selectivity
Authors: Vaid Tasneem M. , Wu Feng‐Jie , Chalmers David K. , Scott Daniel J. , Gooley Paul R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structural poses of ligands that bind weakly to protein receptors are challenging to define. In this work we have studied ligand interactions with the adrenoreceptor (AR) subtypes, α1A‐AR and α1B‐AR, which belong to the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, by employing the solution‐based ligand‐observed NMR method interligand NOEs for pharmacophore mapping (INPHARMA). A lack of receptor crystal structures and of subtype‐selective drugs has hindered the definition of the physiological roles of each subtype and limited drug development. We determined the binding pose of the weakly binding α1A‐AR‐selective agonist A‐61603 relative to an endogenous agonist, epinephrine, at both α1A‐AR and α1B‐AR. The NMR experimental data were quantitatively compared, by using SpINPHARMA, to the back‐calculated spectra based on ligand poses obtained from all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations. The results helped mechanistically explain the selectivity of (R)‐A‐61603 towards α1A‐AR, thus demonstrating an approach for targeting subtype selectivity in ARs.
Palladium‐Coated Single Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Size‐Dependent Voltammetry, Enhanced Chemical Stability, and High Performance for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Wei Haifeng , Hua Hongmei , Zhu Yanyan , Li Yongxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilver nanowires (AgNWs) have been extensively studied as promising nanomaterials in optics, next‐generation flexible electronics, and energy‐related fields, but the stability and the properties at single‐nanowire level still need to be investigated carefully. We have successfully prepared single palladium@silver nanowire electrodes (Pd@AgNWEs) by using a laser‐assisted pulling method, followed by a galvanic replacement reaction (GRR). The results show that the chemical stability of AgNWs can be improved greatly by coating a small amount of Pd, and the Pd@AgNWEs exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance in methanol oxidation. This work can give us a new insight to investigate the performance of devices/catalysts at the single‐particle/nanowire level that will benefit research in flexible electronics and energy‐related fields.
Tricoordinate Coinage Metal Complexes with a Redox‐Active Tris‐(Ferrocenyl)triazine Backbone Feature Triazine‐Metal Interactions
Authors: Straube Axel , Coburger Peter , Ringenberg Mark R. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins at the University of Leipzig and colleagues at the University of Stuttgart and University of Regensburg. The image depicts the reported complexes as three similar flowers growing from one common branch representing the ligand. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000226.
Orthogonally Bimetallized Phosphane‐ene Photopolymer Networks
Authors: Béland Vanessa A. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of batteries and fuel cells has brought to light a need for carbon anode materials doped homogeneously with electrocatalytic metals. In particular, combinations of electrocatalysts in carbon have shown promising activity. A method to derive functional carbon materials is the pyrolysis of metallopolymers. This work describes the synthesis of a bifunctional phosphonium‐based system derived from a phosphane‐ene network. The olefin functionality can be leveraged in a hydrogermylation reaction to functionalize the material with Ge. Unaffected by this radical addition, the bromide counterion of the phosphonium cation can be used to subsequently incorporate a second metal in an ion‐complexation reaction with CuBr2. The characterization of the polymers and the derived ceramics are discussed.
Panchromatic Light Harvesting and Stabilizing Charge‐Separated States in Corrole–Phthalocyanine Conjugates through Coordinating a Subphthalocyanine
Authors: Berna Beatrice Berionni , Platzer Benedikt , Wolf Maximiliam , Lavarda Giulia , Nardis Sara , Galloni Pierluca , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M. , Paolesse Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOwing to the electron‐donating and ‐accepting nature of corroles (Corr) and phthalocyanines (Pc), respectively, we designed and developed two novel covalently linked Corr‐Pc conjugates. The synthetic route allows the preparation of the target conjugates in satisfying yields. Comprehensive steady‐state absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical assays enabled insights into energy and electron‐transfer processes upon photoexcitation. Coordinating a pyridine‐appended subphthalocyanine (SubPc) to the Pc of the conjugate sets up the ways and means to realize the first example of an array composed by three different porphyrinoids, which drives a cascade of energy and charge‐transfer processes. Importantly, the SubPc assists in stabilizing the charge‐separated state, that is, one‐electron oxidized Corr and the one electron‐reduced Pc, upon photoexcitation by means of a reductive charge transfer to the SubPc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an intramolecular oxidation of a Corr within electron‐donor–acceptor conjugates by means of just photoexcitation. Moreover, the combination of Corr, Pc, and SubPc guarantees panchromatic absorption across the visible range of the solar spectrum, with the SubPc covering the „green gap“ that usually affects porphyrinoids.
Etoposide and cisplatin versus irinotecan and cisplatin as the first‐line therapy for patients with advanced, poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A randomized phase 2 study
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Li Jie , Li Jian , Zhang Xiaotian , Zhou Jun , Wang Xicheng , Peng Zhi , Shen Lin , Lu Ming 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPlatinum‐based chemotherapy is recommended for the treatment of advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP‐NEC). The objective of the current phase 2 study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity between etoposide and cisplatin (EP) and irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced GEP‐NEC.MethodsPatients with advanced, poorly differentiated GEP‐NEC randomly were assigned to receive EP or IP. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival, overall survival, and toxicities.ResultsThe planned size of the study population was 144 patients, but enrollment was terminated early at 66 patients because the premature analysis found similar responses in the 2 treatment arms. The ORRs of the EP and IP arms both were 42.4% (14 of 33 patients). The efficacy was similar for small cell NEC with EP or IP (63.2% and 61.5%, respectively; P = .61), whereas that of IP was slightly better in patients with non–small cell NEC (30% vs 14.3%; P = .42). The median progression‐free survival was 6.4 months and 5.8 months, respectively, for the EP and IP arms (P = .81), and the median overall survival was 11.3 months and 10.2 months, respectively, for the EP and IP arms (P = .37). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia was significantly higher in the EP arm compared with the IP arm (45.4% vs 12.1%; P = .002). Nonhematological toxicity was relatively mild and more frequent in the IP arm compared with the EP arm (54.5% vs 18.2%; P = .001). No toxicity‐related deaths were reported.ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that IP is not inferior to EP, with comparable efficacy for poorly differentiated NEC of the digestive system. In addition, both regimens appear to be well tolerated with diverse toxicity profiles.
Have incidence rates of liver cancer peaked in the United States?
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Florio Andrea A. , Loomba Rohit , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLiver cancer incidence has increased for several decades in the United States. Recently, reports have suggested that rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the dominant form of liver cancer, had declined in certain groups. However, to the authors' knowledge, the most recent histology‐specific liver cancer rates have not been reported to date.MethodsThe authors examined the incidence of HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from 1992 through 2016 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. Age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated by histology, sex, race and/or ethnicity, and age. Trends were analyzed using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2016, HCC rates significantly declined (annual percent change, −1.9%), with more prominent declines noted among males, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and individuals aged <50 years. Conversely, ICC rates increased from 2002 through 2016.ConclusionsDeclining HCC rates may persist due to improved treatment of the hepatitis C virus and/or competing causes of mortality among individuals with fatty liver disease.
Enhanced semantic representation of coaxiality with double material requirements
Authors: Peng Zhiguo , Huang Meifa , Zhong Yanru , Chen Leilei , Liu Guanghao 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn order to improve the assemblability and reduce the cost of the parts, the material requirements can be applied to the toleranced feature and the datum feature of the coaxiality at the same time in the practical application. How to realize the information exchange between different heterogeneous systems and how to read and explain the semantics of this complex tolerance specification automatically is one of the urgent problems to be solved in intelligent digital manufacturing. Ontology described in OWL2 DL and SWRL language has strict mathematical basis of description logic, and the knowledge represented by it has clear semantics and can be read and understood directly by computer. In addition, because of its consistency checking, knowledge reasoning, and flexible query ability, it becomes the most potential knowledge representation technology in the future. On the other hand, the semantic interpretation of tolerance specification by the new generation GPS theory based on skin model has the advantages of clear semantics, no ambiguity, and consistency at different stages of the product life cycle. In this article, the enhanced semantic representation ontology for this kind of coaxiality tolerance specification is constructed based on the advantages of the new GPS theory and ontology technology and the effectiveness of the method is verified and analyzed through a
case.
Multispecific, Multivalent Antibody‐Based Molecules Engineered on the DART® and TRIDENTTM Platforms
Authors: Huang Ling , Shah Kalpana , Barat Bhaswati , Lam Chia‐Ying K. , Gorlatov Sergey , Ciccarone Valentina , Tamura James , Moore Paul A. , Diedrich Gundo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultispecific antibodies bind two or more different antigens and enable new therapeutic applications that cannot be replicated with conventional monoclonal antibodies, such as bridging different cells or bringing soluble proteins in close proximity. The DART and TRIDENT platforms enable the engineering of such antibodies. A DART molecule combines two independent antigen‐binding sites in a stabilized, diabody‐like structure. A DART molecule can be expressed with or without an Fc domain and thus can be tailored to have a long or short half‐life in vivo and to induce or ablate effector function. Linking two DART units or a DART unit and a Fab domain (the latter structure is called TRIDENT format) via an Fc domain creates a monospecific, bispecific, trispecific, or tetraspecific molecule with up to tetravalent targeting of antigens. This article focuses on the design of DART and TRIDENT molecules that target two or three different antigens. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Design and generation of expression plasmids encoding DART and TRIDENT moleculesBasic Protocol 2: Expression of DART and TRIDENT molecules by transient transfection of CHO cellsBasic Protocol 3: Purification of DART and TRIDENT molecules from CHO cell supernatants
Generation and Characterization of Patient‐Derived Head and Neck, Oral, and Esophageal Cancer Organoids
Authors: Karakasheva Tatiana A. , Kijima Takashi , Shimonosono Masataka , Maekawa Hisatsugu , Sahu Varun , Gabre Joel T. , Cruz‐Acuña Ricardo , Giroux Veronique , Sangwan Veena , Whelan Kelly A. , Natsugoe Shoji , Yoon Angela J. , Philipone Elizabeth , Klein‐Szanto Andres J. , Ginsberg Gregory G. , Falk Gary W. , Abrams Julian A. , Que Jianwen , Basu Devraj , Ferri Lorenzo , Diehl J. Alan , Bass Adam J. , Wang Timothy C. , Rustgi Anil K. , Nakagawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancers comprise adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, two distinct histologic subtypes. Both are difficult to treat and among the deadliest human malignancies. We describe protocols to initiate, grow, passage, and characterize patient‐derived organoids (PDO) of esophageal cancers, as well as squamous cell carcinomas of oral/head‐and‐neck and anal origin. Formed rapidly (<14 days) from a single‐cell suspension embedded in basement membrane matrix, esophageal cancer PDO recapitulate the histology of the original tumors. Additionally, we provide guidelines for morphological analyses and drug testing coupled with functional assessment of cell response to conventional chemotherapeutics and other pharmacological agents in concert with emerging automated imaging platforms. Predicting drug sensitivity and potential therapy resistance mechanisms in a moderate‐to‐high throughput manner, esophageal cancer PDO are highly translatable in personalized medicine for customized esophageal cancer treatments. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of esophageal cancer PDOBasic Protocol 2: Propagation and cryopreservation of esophageal cancer PDOBasic Protocol 3: Imaged‐based monitoring of organoid size and growth kineticsBasic Protocol 4: Harvesting esophageal cancer PDO for histological analysesBasic Protocol 5: PDO content analysis by flow cytometryBasic Protocol 6: Evaluation of drug response with determination of the half‐inhibitory concentration (IC50)Support Protocol: Production of RN in HEK293T cell conditioned medium
Production of Antiviral Substance from Sugarcane Bagasse by Chemical Alteration of its Native Lignin Structure through Microwave Solvolysis
Authors: Kimura Chihiro , Li Ruibo , Ouda Ryota , Nishimura Hiroshi , Fujita Takashi , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe production of bioactive agents from lignocelluloses has received limited attention because plant cell walls are essentially non‐bioactive. In this study, a chemical reaction is reported, which produces a lignin‐derived antiviral substance from sugarcane bagasse by microwave heating at 200 °C in aqueous glycerol containing 0.5 % H2SO4. The purified fraction, designated as FR200, strongly inhibited the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) in L929 cells without cytotoxicity. HSQC NMR spectra demonstrated that the principal interunit linkages in the native lignin were cleaved by the reaction. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and pyrolysis‐GCMS revealed that FR200 is composed of oligomeric lignin with a weight average molecular weight of approximately 2000. When the bagasse was reacted at lower temperatures, 140 °C and 160 °C, the native lignin substructures were partially retained and the antiviral activity significantly decreased. The results thus indicate that the antiviral activity emerged through severe alteration of the native lignin structure. Furthermore, it was revealed that the antiviral lignin inactivated the EMCV virions through direct contact, as the innate immune system of L929 was not activated by FR200 treatment, and no antiviral activity was found when L929 was pre‐treated with the lignin before viral infection.
Across the Board: Runcang Sun on Lignin Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Runcang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. R. C. Sun, who highlights the fabrication of lignin nanoparticles and their application in composites, suggesting that further studies and discoveries of the structures and inherent properties of lignin will contribute to extensive and standardized applications of this new green nanomaterial.
An FPGA comparative study of high‐level and low‐level combined designs for HEVC intra, inverse quantization, and IDCT/IDST 2D modules
Authors: Ben Atitallah Ahmed , Kammoun Manel , Ali Karim M.A. , Ben Atitallah Rabie 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTwo main design methods are currently widely adopted in dealing with complex signal processing algorithms. The first method is based on low‐level synthesis (LLS), which consists in writing the hardware description languages (HDL) code manually. However, the second method, called high‐level synthesis (HLS), generates the register transfer level (RTL) description automatically starting from a high‐level description language. The challenge in this paper was to study the impact of both design methods on such a complex application as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoder. With this end in view, we analyzed the complexity of the HEVC decoder in a software environment using version 10 of the HEVC test model (HM) reference software to determine which portions tended to get optimized. The combined architecture for the intra prediction (IP) and the inverse quantization and transform (IQ/IT) was then implemented in hardware using HLS and LLS. The findings obtained under the Xilinx Zynq 7045‐based field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) proved that the HLS implementation enabled a gain of about 80% in Look Up Table (LUTs) with an increase of 93% in DSP blocks compared with LLS implementation. Yet only the LLS solution could achieve the real‐time decoding of 4K@26fps instead of the 1080p@24fps by the HLS design.
Adrenocortical attunement, reactivity, and potential genetic correlates among parent–daughter dyads from low‐income families
Authors: Byrd‐Craven Jennifer , Criss Michael M. , Calvi Jessica L. , Cui Lixian , Baraldi Amanda , Sheffield Morris Amanda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExamining the multitude of influences on the development of adolescent stress responses, especially among low‐income families, is a critical and understudied topic in the field. The current study examined cortisol attunement between adolescent girls and parents (mostly mothers) from predominantly low‐income, single parent, ethnic minority families before and after an in‐laboratory disagreement discussion task. The sample consisted of 118 adolescents (Mage = 13.79 years, 76.3% ethnic minorities, 23.7% European Americans) and primary caregivers (Mage = 40.62 years; Mdn yearly income = $24,000; 43.2% single parents; 50% living below poverty line). We investigated oxytocin receptor (OXTR rs53576) gene variations as a potential contributor to attunement within the dyad. Results showed that parents and adolescents showed stress system attunement across the disagreement task, but that parent and adolescent oxytocin receptor genotype did not impact attunement. Future studies should detail biological factors that contribute to the calibration of stress response systems of adolescents across a variety of samples, particularly those experiencing a combination of stressors.