bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archetypes and the ‘Impoverished Genome’ argument: updates from evolutionary genetics
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThroughout his career, Jung felt the psyche had ‘ancestral layers’ that contained elements of an individual’s species history, and clinical experience has shown that this idea can be an aid to psychological healing and emotional well‐being. Thus, some later thinkers have attempted to link such theoretical constructs to the genome, as Jung had little knowledge of genetics in his day. But in the early 2000s, genome studies suggested that the genome might contain too little content to be capable of encoding symbolic information. This opinion gave rise to an oft‐repeated ‘impoverished genome’ argument, i.e. that the genome could not provide a significant contribution to the collective unconscious, prompting theorists to propose other sources for it, or to argue that it doesn’t exist. Today, however, developments in evolutionary neurogenetics calls the impoverished genome argument into question for a number of independent reasons. These developments re‐open the idea that the genome may be worth reconsidering as the biological substrate for the collective unconscious.
Hosting certain facultative symbionts modulates the phenoloxidase activity and immune response of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Luo Chen , Belghazi Maya , Schmitz Antonin , Lemauf Séverine , Desneux Nicolas , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Poirié Marylène , Gatti Jean‐Luc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum hosts different facultative symbionts (FS) which provide it with various benefits, such as tolerance to heat or protection against natural enemies (e.g., fungi, parasitoid wasps). Here, we investigated whether and how the presence of certain FS could affect phenoloxidase (PO) activity, a key component of insect innate immunity, under normal and stressed conditions. For this, we used clones of A. pisum of different genetic backgrounds (LL01, YR2 and T3‐8V1) lacking FS or harboring one or two (Regiella insecticola, Hamiltonella defensa, Serratia symbiotica + Rickettsiella viridis). Gene expression and proteomics analyses of the aphid hemolymph indicated that the two A. pisum POs, PPO1 and PPO2, are expressed and translated into proteins. The level of PPO genes expression as well as the amount of PPO proteins and phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph depended on both the aphid genotype and FS species. In particular, H. defensa and R. insecticola, but not S. symbiotica + R. viridis, caused a sharp decrease in PO activity by interfering with both transcription and translation. The microinjection of different types of stressors (yeast, Escherichia coli, latex beads) in the YR2 lines hosting different symbionts affected the survival rate of aphids and, in most cases, also decreased the expression of PPO genes after 24 h. The amount and activity of PPO proteins varied according to the type of FS and stressor, without clear corresponding changes in gene expression. These data demonstrate that the presence of certain FS influences an important component of pea aphid immunity.
Is being barefoot, wearing shoes and physical activity associated with knee osteoarthritis pain flares? Data from a usually barefoot Sri Lankan cohort
Authors: Atukorala Inoshi , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Batuwita Nishamani , Rajapaksha Nimesha , Ratnasiri Vishmi , Wijayaratne Lalith , De Silva Monika , Chang Thashi , Zhang Yuqing , Hunter David John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the association between hours of being barefoot/wearing footwear, physical activity (PA) and knee osteoarthritis pain flares (KOAF).MethodsPersons with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, who reported previous KOAF, were followed up in a 3 months long telephone‐based case‐crossover study. Exposures to risk factors were assessed every 10 days and whenever the participants experienced a KOAF. Conditional logistic regression examined associations of KOAF with following: hours of being barefoot/using footwear and PA performed (P < .05).ResultsThere were 260 persons recruited, of whom 183 continued longitudinal follow up. Of them, 120 persons had at least one valid KOAF and control period. Participants were female (90%) with mean (SD) age and body mass index of 59.9 (7.0) years, 28.0 (5.0) kg/m2 respectively. Participants were barefoot for a mean duration of 12.7 hours (SD 4.6) and used footwear for 5.1 (SD 4.7) hours daily; 99% wore heel heights <2.5 cm. Duration of being barefoot, 1 and 2 days before, demonstrated reduced multivariate odds of KOAF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 95% CI 0.80‐0.90). Moderate PA performed 1, 2 days prior was associated with a significantly increased risk of KOAF (multivariate OR 4.29; 2.52‐7.30 and OR 3.36; 2.01‐5.61). Similarly, hours of using footwear 1 and 2 days before flare demonstrated increased odds of KOAF (OR 1.15; 1.07‐1.23 and 1.10; 1.03‐1.18).ConclusionsIncreased duration of being barefoot 1 to 2 days before is associated with reduced risk of KOAF. Performing moderate PA 1 to 2 days before was associated with an increased risk of KOAF.
Rising Powers, UN Security Council Reform, and the Failure of Rhetorical Coercion
Authors: Binder Martin , Heupel Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite repeated calls for reform, the UN Security Council has as yet resisted to satisfy the demands of a group of rising powers – Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan (G4) – for a permanent seat. We focus on one strategy of institutional adaptation to power shifts mentioned in the introductory article to this special issue and examine why the G4’s rhetorical coercion strategy has failed to resonate with the Council’s permanent members and the wider UN membership. Looking at the key debate on Security Council reform in the General Assembly in 2005, we examine the justifications the G4 have offered to support their proposal and whether these have been accepted as legitimate by UN member states. We show that the G4’s rhetorical coercion strategy has failed to resonate with the targeted audience because the G4 have justified their demand strongly in terms of how their material contributions would enhance the UN’s performance. In contrast, the G4’s opponents provided justifications predominantly based on fair and democratic procedures, generating higher levels of expressed support. The importance of procedural fairness is consistent with findings in social psychology and challenges the prominent argument that performance is the main path to legitimacy for international institutions.
Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts
Authors: Vabulas Felicity , Snidal Duncan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations, they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. Why and how do states use IIGOs – institutions without a treaty or secretariat – to manage global power shifts? IIGOs are useful for states on both sides of the power shift. Established powers use IIGOs for system management through ‘collaboration’ and strengthening the ‘hegemonic consensus’ to preserve their institutional privileges while adapting to changing power realities. Rising powers use IIGOs to redistribute through ‘power bargaining’ and ‘rhetorical coercion’ to strengthen their institutional roles without overly disrupting the current order. Established and rising powers also work together to use IIGOs for integrative strategies including ‘cooptation’ and ‘principled persuasion’, creating a mutually beneficial solution that accommodates both increased demands but also mounting responsibilities. IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase.
RNF213 gene mutation in circulating tumor DNA detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing in the assisted discrimination of early‐stage lung cancer from pulmonary nodules
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhou Jie , Zhang Wenhao , Li Peichao , Liu Yu , Shi Hubo , Zhang Chengke , Wang Yunshan , Zhou Chengjun , Peng Chuanliang , Zhang Weiquan , Hao Yingtao , Sun Qifeng , Li Yuliang , Zhao Xiaogang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo distinguish early‐stage lung cancer from benign disease in pulmonary nodules, especially lesions with ground‐glass opacity (GGO), we assessed gene mutations of ctDNA in peripheral blood using targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsSingle pulmonary nodule patients without mediastinal lymph nodes and symptoms that were hard to diagnose by chest CT and lung cancer biomarker measurement in multiple medical centers were enrolled into the study. All patients accepted minimally invasive surgery but refused preoperative biopsy. Gene mutations in preoperative blood samples were detected by targeted NGS. Mutations with significant differences between lung tumors and benign lesions, as grouped by postoperative pathology, were screened. Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Highly expressed genes were selected as biomarkers to verify the mutations in peripheral blood.ResultsIn the training set, the RNF213, KMT2D, CSMD3 and LRP1B genes were mutated more frequently in early‐stage lung cancer (27 cases) than in benign nodules (15 cases) (P < 0.05). High expression of the RNF213 gene in lung cancers and low expression in benign diseases were seen by immunohistochemistry. The RNF213 gene was mutated in 25% of lung cancer samples in the validation set of 28 samples and showed high specificity (100%). In GGO patients, RNF213 was mutated more frequently in early‐stage lung cancer compared to benign diseases (P < 0.05).ConclusionsRNF213 gene mutations were observed more frequently in early‐stage lung cancer, but not in benign nodules. Mutation of the RNF213 gene in peripheral blood may be a high specificity biomarker for the assisted early diagnosis of lung cancer in pulmonary nodules.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: In peripheral venous blood and tumor tissue, RNF213 gene mutated more frequently in lung cancer than benign pulmonary nodules.What this study adds: Detection mutation of the RNF213 gene in peripheral blood may be a high specificity method for the assisted early diagnosis of lung cancer in pulmonary nodules.
Routinely collected data and patient‐centred research in anaesthesia and peri‐operative care: a narrative review
Authors: Armstrong R. A. , Mouton R. , Hinchliffe R. J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryRandomised controlled trials are the gold standard in clinical research, but remain rare due to their expense and a perceived lack of ‘real‐world’ applicability. At the same time, there has been an exponential increase in routinely collected data which presents opportunities for audit, quality improvement, adverse event reporting and more efficient clinical research. Registry‐based research benefits from reduced cost, large sample size and real‐world applicability, with methodological developments, particularly registry‐based randomised controlled trials and causal inference techniques, showing promise. Limitations include data quality and validity, the need for data linkage, the restrictions of fixed data fields, regulatory barriers, and privacy and security concerns. However, the principal factor hampering current efforts is a lack of anaesthesia‐specific datasets in the UK and the fact that most surgical registries do not collect any anaesthetic data. This presents an opportunity for anaesthetists, through enhanced engagement and collaboration, to influence and improve the design of these datasets and increase the value and volume of data collected. Better datasets, coupled with a growing appreciation of new analysis methodologies, would allow significant progress towards realising the potential of routinely collected data for patient benefit. At the same time, work should begin on the development of a minimum dataset for anaesthesia to underpin new data sharing networks and, ideally, a national registry of anaesthesia.
Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with external ventricular drain‐associated ventriculitis
Authors: Jalusic Kris Oliver , Hempel Georg , Arnemann Philip‐Helge , Spiekermann Christina , Kampmeier Tim‐Gerald , Ertmer Christian , Gastine Silke , Hessler Michael 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo determine the distribution of vancomycin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with external ventricular drain (EVD)‐associated ventriculitis, the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were evaluated and covariate relationships explored.MethodsFor the population pharmacokinetic model patients were recruited in a neurocritical care unit at the University Hospital of Muenster in the period between January 2014 and June 2015. All patients had a clinical evidence of EVD‐associated ventriculitis. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin was performed using NONMEM.ResultsA total of 184 blood and 133 CSF samples were collected from 29 patients. The final population pharmacokinetic model is a three‐compartment model with linear elimination. Creatinine clearance (ClCr) and CSF‐lactate were detected as significant covariates, showing that the total vancomycin plasma clearance (Cl) depends on ClCrand furthermore the clearance (Cldif) between the central and CSF compartment correlates with CSF lactate concentration. Based on the final model, the following values were estimated by NONMEM: Cl = 5.15 L/h,Q(intercompartmental clearance) = 3.31 L/h, Cldif = 0.0031 L/h,Vcentral = 42.1 L,VCSF = 0.32 L and the value ofVperipheralwas fixed to 86.2 L. With the developed pharmacokinetic model, area under the curve (AUC) values as well as CSF trough levels were simulated.ConclusionBased on our analysis, the dosing of vancomycin should be referred to the degree of inflammation (derived from the CSF lactate concentration) and renal function (derived from ClCr).
Ocrelizumab in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of OPERA I, OPERA II and ORATORIO
Authors: Gibiansky Ekaterina , Petry Claire , Mercier Francois , Günther Andreas , Herman Ann , Kappos Ludwig , Hauser Stephen , Yamamoto Yumi , Wang Qing , Model Fabian , Kletzl Heidemarie 
Published: November 2020

AimsOcrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20‐positive B cells and is indicated for treatment of patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ocrelizumab in patients with RMS or PPMS were assessed.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic model was developed based on data from the Phase II study and the Phase III studies OPERA I and OPERA II in patients with RMS. Data from the ORATORIO Phase III study in patients with PPMS became available after model finalization and was used for external model evaluation.ResultsThe ocrelizumab serum concentrationvstime course was accurately described by a 2‐compartment model with time‐dependent clearance. Body weight was found to be the main covariate. The area under the concentration–time curve over the dosing interval was estimated to be 26% higher for patients with RMS weighing <60 kg and 21% lower for patients weighing >90 kg when compared with the 60–90 kg group. The terminal half‐life of ocrelizumab was estimated as 26 days. The extent of B‐cell depletion in blood, as the pharmacodynamic marker, was greater with increasing ocrelizumab exposure.ConclusionThe pharmacokinetics of ocrelizumab was described with pharmacokinetic parameters typical for an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, with body weight as the main covariate. The pharmacokinetics and B‐cell depletion in blood were comparable across the RMS and PPMS trials, and the extent of blood B‐cell depletion was greater with higher exposure.
Review: Inflammation and anxiety‐based disorders in children and adolescents – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Parsons Chelsea , Roberts Rachel , Mills Natalie T. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAnxiety‐based disorders are common and are often chronic with an onset during childhood or adolescence. An emerging literature has examined the role of inflammation in these disorders by measuring blood concentrations of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and immune markers such as white blood cell counts. However, existing results are inconsistent, with available meta‐analyses only including adult populations. We believe this is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate these inconsistencies among the population of children and adolescents.MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted to identify studies which compared inflammatory markers between individuals with an anxiety‐based disorder and healthy controls. Study quality was assessed, and pooled effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsNine independent studies were identified. The combined meta‐analysis of 16 cytokines and CRP was approaching significance; however, no significant between‐group difference was observed for meta‐analyses of individual inflammatory or immune markers. Heterogeneity was high, and quality assessments identified important limitations; primarily, small sample sizes and a lack of control over confounding variables.ConclusionsAlthough no significant effects were observed, the small number of included studies and limitations in study or reporting quality render these findings provisional. Research in this area has the potential for important clinical implications in relation to therapeutic interventions. Important recommendations for further research are put forth.
A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents
Authors: Poehlmann‐Tynan Julie , Turney Kristin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParental incarceration is a socially relevant topic with substantial implications for children, yet it is understudied by child development scholars. About 2.6 million U.S. children currently have a parent who is incarcerated, and by age 14, one in 14 U.S. children experiences a resident parent leaving for jail or prison. In this developmentally oriented review, we summarize research on associations between parental incarceration and child well‐being, and suggest areas where developmental scientists can contribute. While most analyses of large population‐based U.S., datasets have found that experiencing paternal incarceration typically has detrimental implications for child well‐being, especially as children grow older, analyses of maternal incarceration have yielded less consistent findings. Longitudinal population‐based developmental studies focusing on parental incarceration, especially early in life through adulthood, are urgently needed to answer basic questions, clarify mixed findings, inform policies, and develop interventions for vulnerable children.
Genetic variations and clinical spectrum of dystroglycanopathy in a large cohort of Chinese patients
Authors: Song Danyu , Dai Yi , Chen Xiaoyu , Fu Xiaona , Chang Xingzhi , Wang Ning , Zhang Cheng , Yan Chuanzhu , Zheng Hong , Wu Liwen , Jiang Li , Hua Ying , Yang Haipo , Wang Zhiqiang , Dai Tingjun , Zhu Wenhua , Han Chunxi , Yuan Yun , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Toda Tatsushi , Xiong Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDystroglycanopathy is a group of muscular dystrophies with deficient glycosylation of alpha‐dystroglycan (α‐DG). We recruited patients from 36 tertiary academic hospitals in China. In total, 143 patients with genetically diagnosed dystroglycanopathy were enrolled. Of these, limb girdle muscular dystrophy was the most common initial diagnosis (83 patients) and Walker‐Warburg syndrome was the least common (1 patient). In 143 patients, mutations in FKRP gene were the most prevalent (62 patients), followed by POMT2, POMT1 (16), POMGNT1, ISPD (14), FKTN, GMPPB, B3GALNT2, DPM3, and DAG1. Several frequent mutations were identified in FKRP, POMT1, POMGNT1, ISPD, and FKTN genes. Many of these were founder mutations. Patients with FKRP mutations tended to have milder phenotypes, while those with mutations in POMGNT1 genes had more severe phenotypes. Mental retardation was a clinical feature associated with mutations of POMT1 gene. Detailed clinical data of 83 patients followed up in Peking University First Hospital were further analyzed. Our clinical and genetic analysis of a large cohort of Chinese patients with dystroglycanopathy expanded the genotype variation and clinical spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies.
The Bariatric Interprofessional Psychosocial Assessment of Suitability Scale predicts binge eating, quality of life and weight regain following bariatric surgery
Authors: Atwood Molly E. , Cassin Stephanie E. , Rajaratnam Thiyake , Hawa Raed , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPresurgical psychosocial evaluations are an important component of bariatric care; yet, bariatric programs vary widely in their assessment and interpretation of psychosocial risk. There is a need for validated clinical tools that help to standardize and streamline the assessment of variables relevant to surgical outcomes. The present study contributes to the validation of the Bariatric Interprofessional Psychosocial Assessment of Suitability Scale (BIPASS), a novel presurgical psychosocial evaluation tool, by: (a) examining the psychometric properties and optimal cutoff score, and; (b) examining the ability of the BIPASS tool to predict outcomes 1 and 2 years postsurgery, including weight regain, quality of life, psychiatric symptoms and adherence to postsurgical follow‐up appointments. The BIPASS was applied retrospectively to the charts of 179 consecutively referred patients to a metropolitan bariatric surgery programme. Internal consistency for the BIPASS was acceptable, and interrater reliability was excellent. Higher BIPASS scores predicted higher binge eating symptomatology and lower mental health‐related quality of life at 1 year postsurgery, and weight regain at 2 years (all P < .01). The BIPASS did not predict adherence to postsurgical follow‐up appointments. Findings suggest that the BIPASS can be used to identify patients at increased risk of disordered eating, poor quality of life and weight regain early in the postsurgical course, thereby facilitating patient education and appropriate interventions.