bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold With Kartogenin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Porcine Cartilage Regeneration: A 12-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Xu Xingquan , Xu Qian , Sun Ziying , Lv Zhongyang , Wu Rui , Yan Wenjin , Jiang Qing , Shi Dongquan 
Published: October 2020

Background: Treatment of cartilage lesions is clinically challenging. A previous study demonstrated that a hyaluronic acid hydrogel ( m-HA) with kartogenin (KGN)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment) achieved superior cartilage repair in a rabbit model. However, large animals serve as a bridge to translate animal outcomes into the clinic. Hypotheses: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment could facilitate hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model. (2) Defect size and type (full-thickness chondral vs osteochondral) influence the therapeutic efficacy of m-HA+KGN treatment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: 48 minipigs were randomized into 3 treatment groups: m-HA hydrogel with KGN-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment), m-HA hydrogel ( m-HA treatment), and untreated (blank treatment). Full-thickness chondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter) or osteochondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter; 5-mm depth) defects were prepared in the medial femoral condyle. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, defect repair was assessed by macroscopic appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro–computed tomography (µCT), and histologic and biomechanical tests. Results: The m-HA+KGN group exhibited superior gross and histological healing after evaluation at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Improved quality of the repaired cartilage demonstrated by MRI and better subchondral bone reconstruction assessed by µCT were observed in the m-HA+KGN group. The m-HA+KGN group showed more hyaline-like cartilage exhibited by histological staining in terms of extracellular matrix, cartilage lacuna, and type II collagen. The biomechanical properties were improved in the m-HA+KGN group. With m-HA+KGN treatment, defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects possessed significantly higher ICRS macroscopic and histological scores compared with diameter 8.5 mm or osteochondral-type defects. Conclusion: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment facilitated hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model at the 12-month follow-up. (2) m-HA+KGN treatment demonstrated better therapeutic efficacy in defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects. Clinical Relevance: This study verified the efficacy of this innovative KGN release system on cartilage repair. The KGN release system can be injected into defect sites arthroscopically. This convenient and minimally invasive operation holds important prospects for clinical application.
The effect of noise and dust exposure on oxidative stress among livestock and poultry feed industry workers
Authors: Mirmohammadi Seyedtaghi , Khanjani Narges , Nazarkhani Fereshteh , Abediankenari Saeid , Yazdani Jamshid , Tilaki Ramazan Ali Dianati 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Simultaneous exposure to noise and dust may have detrimental health effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exposure to noise and dust on oxidative stress. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 82 employees of two livestock and poultry feed factories in Golestan Province, Iran, were selected as the exposed group and 82 office workers were selected as the control group. Occupational noise and dust exposure were measured using a dosimeter, sampling pump, and vinyl chloride filter. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood samples. T-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The levels of MDA and SOD in the exposed group were significantly higher and lower than the control group ( p < 0.001), respectively. The results showed the subgroup with both over the threshold dust and noise exposure had the highest MDA levels. The SOD level among those exposed to noise more than the recommended level, in the subgroup with more dust exposure, was significantly less than the subgroup with low noise exposure ( p = 0.017). Conclusion: Noise and dust exposure probably increase the level of oxidative stress by increasing the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reducing the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD).
Effect of Low Intensity Magnetic Field Stimulation on Calcium-Mediated Cytotoxicity After Mild Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Bhattacharyya Supti , Sahu Shivani , Kaur Sajeev , Jain Suman 
Published: October 2020

Background: Magnetic field (MF) stimulation has the potential to reduce secondary damage and promote functional recovery after neural tissue injury. The study aimed to observe the effect of very low intensity (17.96µT) MF on general body condition, secondary damage, pain status, and locomotion. Methods: We exposed rats to MF (2 h/day × 3 weeks) after 6.25 mm contusion spinal injury. Locomotor behavior was evaluated by BBB score, pain assessment was done by recording threshold for tail flick, expression of voltage-gated calcium channels and extent of secondary damage in the spinal cord was assessed by immunofluorescence and Cresyl violet staining, respectively. Results: A significant ( p ≤ .001) improvement in bladder function as well as BBB score was observed after MF exposure in comparison with sham and SCI over the observation period of 3 weeks. SCI group showed an increase in the threshold for vocalization after discharge, which decreased following MF exposure. Cresyl violet staining showed significantly higher tissue sparing (73%) at the epicenter after MF exposure when compared to SCI group. This was accompanied with a significant decrease in calcium channel expression in MF group as compared to SCI. Conclusion: The results suggest facilitation of sensory-motor recovery after MF exposure, which could be due to attenuation of secondary damage and calcium-mediated excitotoxicity in a mild contusion rat model of SCI.
Using Game-Based Virtual Classroom Simulation in Teacher Training: User Experience Research
Authors: Kelleci Özge , Aksoy Nuri Can 
Published: October 2020

Background. Simulation-based training is an effective, and therefore increasingly widespread, tool used in the teaching and assessment of complex skills. In order to determine the effectiveness of the virtual classroom simulators used in teacher training, there is a need for studies into user experiences, within the scope of human-computer interaction, which provide an indicator of software usability. Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of teacher candidates and academics in the use of SimInClass, a game-based virtual classroom simulator. Method. 16 senior teacher candidates and two academics, determined by the criterion sampling method, participated in the case study which involved a focus group interview, one-on-one interviews, and observation techniques. The case study centered around a 14-week teacher training program which used the SimInClass simulation. Data related to user experiences was analyzed independently by two researchers, and the fit index between the data encoders was calculated as being 0.94. Results and Conclusion. The participants who preferred to use the SimInClass simulation on a computer said they did so because of user input, usage control and screen size, while those who favored using a mobile device pointed to the easy access. All of the participants felt that the SimInClass simulation was effective in providing clear directions and giving feedback. One suggestion was that the simulation should give clues regarding the correct solution, while some users felt that it needed to be made more accessible for different disciplines. Despite some reservations and suggestions of this type, the overall impression of the test subjects was that the use of virtual classroom simulators in teacher training was effective.
Association Between Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate and 2 Polymorphic Loci: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yusi , Jia Xueyuan , Qiao Yuandong , Xu Lidan , Zhang Xuelong , Li Qiuyan , Wang Ping , Sun Wenjing , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The relationship between Noggin ( NOG) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) has been reported participate in craniofacial development but need further evidence. To indicate the susceptibility between the 2 genes and NSCLP, rs227731 and rs1801131 polymorphisms were included in the present research. This research may provide some genetic clues for disease detection and surveillance. Design: Seventeen studies including 4023 cases and 5691 controls were provided for meta-analysis, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were obtained to estimate NSCLP risk. Results: Our analysis suggested potential association of rs227731C on increasing the risk of NSCLP in the Caucasian group and total group but not Asian group under all models: allele (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.21-1.75, P < .0001), homozygote (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.42-2.90, P < .0001), heterozygote (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.19-1.73, P = .0001), dominant (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.27-2.04, P < .0001), and recessive models (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.25-2.12, P = .0003). Besides, increased risk is related to rs1801131 in Asian group under 3 models: allele (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06-1.44, P = .006), heterozygote (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.52, P = .03), and dominant models (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.56, P = .009). Conclusions: Our analysis indicates polymorphisms rs227731 and rs1801131 are associated with NSCLP, with predominance of different ethnic group and deepen understanding of NSCLP.
A comparison of homemade vascular access ultrasound phantom models for peripheral intravenous catheter insertion
Authors: Selame Lauren Ann , Risler Zachary , Zakaria Saami J , Hughes Liam P , Lewiss Resa E , Kehm Kelly , Goodsell Kelly , Kalwani Rishi , Mirsch Daniel , Kluger Samuel Blake , Au Arthur 
Published: October 2020

Background: Ultrasound (U/S) guided peripheral IV catheter (PIV) placement is often needed after unsuccessful traditional IV attempts. Commercial U/S PIV training phantoms are expensive and difficult to alter. Non-commercial phantoms have been described; however, there has been no comparison of these models. The primary objectives of this study were to compare the echogenic and haptic properties of various non-commercial phantoms. Secondary objectives were to characterize the cost and ease of making the phantoms. Methods: This prospective observational study trialed six unique phantom models: Amini Ballistics; Morrow Ballistics; University of California San Diego (UCSD) gelatin; Rippey Chicken; Nolting Spam; and Johnson Tofu. Total cost and creation time were noted. Emergency Ultrasound Fellowship trained physicians performed U/S guided PIV placement on each model to evaluate their resemblance to human tissue haptic and echogenicity properties, utility for training, and comparability to commercial phantoms (Likert scale 1–5; higher performance = 5). Results: The Rippey model scored highest for each primary objective with an aggregate score of 4.8/5. UCSD ranked second and Nolting last for all primary objectives, with aggregate scores 3.7/5 and 1.3/5 respectively. Cost of production ranged from $4.39 (Johnson) to $29.76 (UCSD). Creation times ranged from 10 min (Johnson) to 120 min (UCSD). Conclusion: In our study the Rippey model performed best and offered a mid-level cost and creation time. Non-commercial U/S phantoms may represent cost-effective and useful PIV practice tools. Future studies should investigate the utility of these phantoms in teaching U/S guided PIV to novices and compare non-commercial to commercial phantoms.
Constellations of pain: a qualitative study of the complexity of women’s endometriosis-related pain
Authors: Drabble Sarah J , Long Jaqui , Alele Blessing , O’Cathain Alicia 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Prior research into endometriosis-related pain has focused on specific aspects of the pain experience such as cyclical pain, emotional aspects of pain and certain types of pain such as dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. However, research has paid less attention to the diversity and complexity of women’s pain experiences, which can lead to failure to recognise some symptoms as part of endometriosis and poor symptom management. Methods: We conducted qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 20 women in the United Kingdom recruited from an endometriosis self-help group with a diagnosis of endometriosis via laparoscopy. A topic guide framed questions around experiences of pain. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Women experienced multiple types of pain that they felt were caused by endometriosis and affected many different parts of the body including bowel, bladder, lungs, kidneys, nerves, upper body, lower limbs and head. These pains consisted of different conceptual categories: type, pattern and intensity. These categories came together to create a complex, interrelated experience for each individual that we termed ‘constellations of pain’ because each woman had a complex set of pain categories and no two individuals appeared to have the same pain experience. Conclusion: The complexity and diversity of endometriosis-related pain found in this study has implications for improving diagnosis, medical and non-medical pain management and improving the clinical encounter between women and healthcare professionals.
Paralytic ileus in the United States: A cross-sectional study from the national inpatient sample
Authors: Solanki Shantanu , Chakinala Raja Chandra , Haq Khwaja Fahad , Singh Jagmeet , Khan Muhammad Ali , Solanki Dhanshree , Vyas Manasee J , Kichloo Asim , Mansuri Uvesh , Shah Harshil , Patel Achint , Haq Khwaja Saad , Iqbal Umair , Nabors Christopher , Khan Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar , Aronow Wilbert S 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Paralytic ileus is a common clinical condition leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Most studies to date have focused on postoperative ileus, a common but not exclusive cause of the condition. There are limited epidemiological data regarding the incidence and impact of paralytic ileus and its relationship to other clinical conditions. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed national inpatient hospitalization trends, demographic variation, cost of care, length of stay, and mortality for paralytic ileus hospitalizations as a whole. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify all hospitalizations with the diagnosis of paralytic ileus (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 560.1) as primary or secondary diagnosis during the period from 2001 to 2011. Statistical analysis was performed using Cochran–Armitage trend test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Poisson regression. Results: In 2001, there were 362,561 hospitalizations with the diagnosis of paralytic ileus as compared to 470,110 in 2011 (p < 0.0001). The age group 65–79 years was most commonly affected by paralytic ileus throughout the study period. In-hospital all-cause mortality decreased from 6.03% in 2001 to 5.10% in 2011 (p < 0.0001). However, the average cost of care per hospitalization increased from US$19,739 in 2001 to US$26,198 in 2011 (adjusted for inflation, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: There was a significant rise in the number of hospitalizations of paralytic ileus with increased cost of care and reduced all-cause mortality.
Associations between gestational weight gain and preterm birth in Puerto Rico
Authors: Eick Stephanie M. , Welton Michael , Claridy Mechelle D. , Velasquez Skarlet G. , Mallis Nicholas , Cordero José F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth (PTB; gestational age < 37 weeks) is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have been previously cited as risk factors for PTB, however the magnitude of association varies across populations. No studies have examined low and excessive GWG as modifiable risk factors for PTB in Puerto Rico, an area with inexplicably high PTB rates.

Methods
To examine the relationship between GWG and PTB, we conducted a retrospective analysis using birth certificate data files from the Puerto Rico Department of Health from 2005 to 2012. GWG was standardized to a 40-week gestational duration and was categorized into low, adequate, or excessive for each category of pre-pregnancy body mass index using American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines. Logistic regression was used to determine the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between GWG and PTB.

Results
There were 320,695 births included in this analysis; 40.6% with high GWG and 27.3% with low GWG. A greater percentage of women with low GWG were less than 20 years of age, had less than a high school education, and were underweight compared to women with adequate and excessive GWG. Women with low compared to adequate GWG had increased odds of PTB (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.30–1.37). However, excessive compared to adequate GWG was not associated with PTB (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.97–1.02).

Conclusions
Among women in Puerto Rico, low GWG was associated with increased odds of PTB. With the exception of obesity, these associations persisted within all strata of pre-pregnancy body mass index, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy weight during pregnancy. Future research should examine other factors that may contribute to GWG, such as dietary nutrients, and explore pathways through which GWG may be contributing to PTB.
Astilbe Chinensis ethanol extract suppresses inflammation in macrophages via NF-κB pathway
Authors: Gil Tae-Young , Jin Bo-Ram , Hong Chul-Hee , Park Jong Hyuk , An Hyo-Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMacrophages play a crucial role in inflammation.Astilbe chinensisis one of perennial herbs belonging to the genusAstilbe.Plants in the genus have been used for pain, headaches, arthralgia, and chronic bronchitis. However, the effect ofA.chinensison inflammation remains unclear. To study the anti-inflammatory action ofA.chinensisethanol extract (ACE), we investigated the effect of ACE on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in macrophages.MethodsWe evaluated the effectiveness of ACE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and thioglycollate (TG)-elicited peritoneal macrophages from male C57BL/6 mice. We measured the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and examined the anti-inflammatory actions of ACE on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the macrophages. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to determine protein level and translocation, respectively.ResultsACE suppressed the output of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in stimulated macrophages via inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins. ACE suppressed mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We examined the efficacies of ACE on NF-κB activation by measuring the expressions including IκB kinase (IKK), inhibitor of κB (IκB), and nuclear p65 proteins. In addition, the inhibition of NF-κB p65’s translocation was determined with immunofluorescence assay.ConclusionOur findings manifested that ACE inhibited LPS or TG-induced inflammation by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages. It indicated that ACE is a potential therapeutic mean for inflammation and related diseases.
Complementary and alternative medicine recommendations for depression: a systematic review and assessment of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Ng Jeremy Y. , Nazir Zainib , Nault Hayley 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUp to 50% of individuals diagnosed with depression are known to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The aim of this study was to identify the quantity and assess the quality of CAM recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and/or management of depression in adults using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify depression guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from 2008 to 2018. The Guidelines International Network and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health websites were also searched. Eligible guidelines published by non-profit agencies on treatment of depression for adults were assessed with the AGREE II instrument twice, once for the overall guideline and once for the CAM sections.ResultsFrom 931 unique search results, 19 guidelines mentioned CAM, of which 16 made CAM recommendations. Scaled domain percentages from highest to lowest were as follows (overall, CAM section): clarity of presentation (87.0, 66.1%), scope and purpose (80.9, 77.6%), stakeholder involvement (62.0, 44.3%), editorial independence (61.6, 61.6%), rigour of development (58.0, 52.0%), and applicability (42.2, 25.4%). Quality varied within and across guidelines. Only 1 of 16 guidelines was recommended without modifications for both its overall and CAM sections by both appraisers.ConclusionsThere are multiple depression guidelines containing CAM recommendations available and there are a comprehensive set of CAM therapy options for depression. The quality of guidelines varied within and across guidelines and the quality of CAM recommendations was generally lower than the overall recommendations in the guidelines for all domains except editorial independence. Generally, characteristics of guidelines, including the year of publication and region of development varied across the guidelines irrespective of quality. Guidelines with higher AGREE II scores can serve as a guide to facilitate communication between patients and medical professionals regarding CAM use for depression, while guidelines with lower scores could be improved in future updates using the AGREE II instrument as a guide.