bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of machine learning in sport outcome prediction: A review
Authors: Horvat Tomislav , Job Josip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increase in the volume of structured and unstructured data related to more than just sport events leads to the development and increased use of techniques that extract information and employ machine‐learning algorithms in predicting process outcomes based on input but not necessarily output data. Taking sports into consideration, predicting outcomes, and extracting valuable information has become appealing not only to sports workers but also to the wider audience, particularly in the areas of team management and sports betting. The aim of this article is to review the existing machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting sport outcomes. Over 100 papers were analyzed and only some of these papers were taken into consideration. Almost all of the analyzed papers use some sort of feature selection and feature extraction, most often prior to using the machine‐learning algorithm. As an evaluation method of ML algorithms, researchers, in most cases, use data segmentation with data being chronologically distributed. In addition to data segmentation, researchers also use the k‐cross‐evaluation method. Sport predictions are usually treated as a classification problem with one class being predicted and rare cases being predicted as numerical values. Mostly used ML models are neural networks using data segmentation.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Prediction
Understanding the mechanisms of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Mu Yingwen , Peng Cheng , Lavin Martin F. , Shao Hua , Du Zhongjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of recent progression in biomedicine and nanotechnology, nanomedicine has emerged rapidly as a new discipline with extensive application of nanomaterials in biology, medicine, and pharmacology. Among the various nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are particularly promising in nanomedicine applications due to their large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, facile surface modification, and excellent biocompatibility. This paper reviews the synthesis of SNPs and their recent usage in drug delivery, biomedical imaging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, and other applications. In addition, the possible adverse effects of SNPs in nanomedicine applications are reviewed from reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, the potential opportunities and challenges for the future use of SNPs are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Governing the Work–Welfare Relationship
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEstablishing that social policy and employment relations have developed largely separately, this chapter reviews the two concepts and their associated international literatures. It discusses the consequences of the separation for the interpretation of the Australian and New Zealand social protection paths over the long term. Emphasis is placed on Francis Castles’ ‘wage-earners’ welfare state’ framework and Karl Polanyi’s concept of social protection. The chapter also outlines and defends the book’s methodology and establishes its central argument.
A Relationship Dominated by Employment Relations
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn identifiable relationship between employment relations and social policy began in earnest in Australia and New Zealand before anywhere else, during the quarter-century before World War I. The relationship was not one with equal partners, as the two arms of social protection had different starting points. In his account of the wage-earners’ welfare state, Castles (1985) makes that clear. His narrative misses key aspects of protection, however, which were to prove important both within the period and as each national regime developed into the future. The objective of this chapter is to account for the employment relations and social policy dimensions of social protection in the Australian and New Zealand settings with reference to the period from the 1890s until the War.
Consolidating the Relationship
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn important objective in a long historical analysis is to demonstrate the importance of incremental change over time. The purpose of this chapter is to compare social protection in Australia and New Zealand during the period from the 1910s to the 1940s. The significance of that period stems from two pivotal developments. The first was the establishment of the welfare state in the 1930s and 1940s in both countries, though social protection in general was significantly more comprehensive in New Zealand. The second development was the consequent consolidation of the traditional pattern of employment relations–social policy interplay. Based on the comparison, the principal finding of the chapter is that, though arbitration was important to each of the two regimes throughout the period, it is the greater institutional and political precarity of the arbitration system in New Zealand that explains most of the similarities and differences in social protection.
Complicating the Relationship
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhereas New Zealand built the more comprehensive welfare state prior to World War I, the two regimes gradually converged on an incrementalist social policy model in the decades after World War II. Social protection was being tested. Would the welfare state continue to grow in two exceptionalist countries where, unlike Western Europe, employment relations was the central arm of social protection? As it turned out, not only was the welfare state incrementalist, but so were the arbitration system’s decisions on wages. This fuelled anti-arbitration sentiment among sections of the trade union movements of both countries. However, this chapter finds that, beneath these overarching similarities, social protection in New Zealand faced the more serious long-term challenges.
Meeting in the Middle
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades Australia and New Zealand have become similar again, mirroring the closeness they shared when they first instituted social protection regimes a century ago. Their current closeness, however, is based on very different regimes to those they began with 130 years ago. Differences remain between them despite the re-convergence. Comparative accounts which cover the two regimes for the entire period since the mid-1990s are few, but those that exist tend to come from either the employment relations or the social policy perspective. Countering the increasing consensus that the re-convergence has been due mainly to material interests acting within the increasingly globalised economy, this chapter argues that traditional institutions have been most important.
International Implications
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of the book was to examine the relationship between social policy and employment relations in Australia and New Zealand. This final chapter provides a summary of the main findings, though more importantly, it re-connects with the opening chapter in examining the wider international applicability of the case study countries. Implications are drawn from the Australian and New Zealand analysis for methodology in comparative policy analysis, and for the broader international literature on social protection.
Translation of curative therapy concepts with T cell and cytokine antibody combinations for type 1 diabetes reversal in the IDDM rat
Authors: Jörns Anne , Arndt Tanja , Yamada Shinichiro , Ishikawa Daichi , Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Terbish Taivankhuu , Wedekind Dirk , van der Meide Peter H. , Lenzen Sigurd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProinflammatory cytokines released from the pancreatic islet immune cell infiltrate in type 1 diabetes (T1D) cause insulinopenia as a result of severe beta cell loss due to apoptosis. Diabetes prevention strategies targeting different cytokines with antibodies in combination with a T cell antibody, anti-TCR, have been assessed for therapy success in the LEW.1AR1-iddm(IDDM) rat, an animal model of human T1D. Immediately after diabetes manifestation, antibody combination therapies were initiated over 5 days with anti-TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor), anti-IL-1β (interleukin), or anti-IFN-γ (interferon) together with anti-TCR for the reversal of the diabetic metabolic state in the IDDM rat. Anti-TCR alone showed only a very limited therapy success with respect to a reduction of immune cell infiltration and beta cell mass regeneration. Anti-TCR combinations with anti-IL-1β or anti-IFN-γ were also not able to abolish the increased beta cell apoptosis rate and the activated immune cell infiltrate leading to a permanent beta cell loss. In contrast, all anti-TCR combinations with anti-TNF-α provided sustained therapy success over 60 to 360 days. The triple combination of anti-TCR with anti-TNF-α plus anti-IL-1β was most effective in regaining sustained normoglycaemia with an intact islet structure in a completely infiltration-free pancreas and with a normal beta cell mass. Besides the triple combination, the double antibody combination of anti-TCR with anti-TNF-α proved to be the most suited therapy for reversal of the T1D metabolic state due to effective beta cell regeneration in an infiltration free pancreas.Key messagesAnti-TCR is a cornerstone in combination therapy for autoimmune diabetes reversal.The combination of anti-TCR with anti-TNF-α was most effective in reversing islet immune cell infiltration.Anti-TCR combined with anti-IL-1β was not effective in this respect.The combination of anti-TCR with anti-TNF-α showed a sustained effect over 1 year.
Neodymium as an alternative contrast for uranium in electron microscopy
Authors: Kuipers Jeroen , Giepmans Ben N. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUranyl acetate is the standard contrasting agent in electron microscopy (EM), but it is toxic and radioactive. We reasoned neodymium acetate might substitute uranyl acetate as a contrasting agent, and we find that neodymium acetate indeed can replace uranyl acetate in several routine applications. Since neodymium acetate is not toxic, not radioactive and easy to use, we foresee neodymium will replace uranyl in many EM sample preparation applications worldwide.
Plasma cells, plasmablasts, and AID+/CD30+ B lymphoblasts inside and outside germinal centres: details of the basal light zone and the outer zone in human palatine tonsils
Authors: Steiniger Birte S. , Raimer Linda , Ecke Anja , Stuck Boris A. , Cetin Yalcin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasma cells (PCs) in human palatine tonsils are predominantly located in the germinal centres (GCs), in the subepithelial space and near the deep connective tissue septa surrounding each crypt. We analysed the location, phenotype, and proliferation of GC PCs by immunohistology comparing them to PCs in the other two locations. Most PCs in GCs were strongly positive for CD38, CD138, CD27, IRF4, and intracellular (ic) IgG. They often accumulated in the basal light zone, but could also be found scattered in the entire light zone. In addition, rows of PCs occurred at the surface of the GC bordering the mantle zone, i.e., in the outer zone, and at the surface of the dark zone. The latter cells were often continuous with PCs in the extrafollicular area. The vast majority of GC PCs were negative for Ki-67. Only a few Ki-67+plasmablasts, predominantly icIgG+or icIgM+, were found inside GCs. In certain GCs PCs accumulated around capillaries and the adjacent perikarya of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Newly formed PCs might migrate from the basal to the superficial part of the light zone and then back to the dark zone surface to leave the GC. This guarantees an even distribution of secreted Ig for exchange with immune complexes on FDCs. The surface of the dark zone may also be an exit site for Ki-67+CD30+B lymphoblasts, which seed perifollicular and extrafollicular sites. We speculate that these cells tend to downmodulate CD20 and activation-induced deaminase and further up-regulate CD30 when developing into pre-plasmablasts.
Cellular organization and histogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: evidence supporting the squamous metaplasia concept
Authors: Boecker Werner , Tiemann Katharina , Boecker Joerg , Toma Marieta , Muders Michael H. , Löning Thomas , Buchwalow Igor , Oldhafer Karl J. , Neumann Ulf , Feyerabend Bernd , Fehr Andre , Stenman Göran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCAP) is characterized by conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and squamous carcinoma components with at least 30% of the tumour showing squamous differentiation. To get further insight into the histogenesis of these lesions, we analysed the cellular organization of ASCAP compared to PDACs. Using Immunohistochemistry and triple immunofluorescence labelling studies for keratins, p63, p40, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, Ki67, and EGFR we demonstrate that many ASCAPs contain a transitional zone between the K8/18-positive adenocarcinomatous component and the p63+ /p40+ /K5/K14+ squamous component initiated by the expression of p63 in K8/18+ adenocarcinomatous cells and the appearance of basally located p63+ K5/14+ cells. p63+ K5/14+ cells give rise to fully developed squamous differentiation. Notably, 25% of conventional PDACs without histologically recognizable squamous component contain foci of p63+ p40+ and K5/14+ cells similar to the transitional zone. Our data provide evidence that the squamous carcinoma components of ASCAPs originate from pre-existing PDAC via transdifferentiation of keratin K8/18-positive glandular cells to p63-, p40-, and keratin K5/14-positive squamous carcinoma cells supporting the squamous metaplasia hypothesis. Thus our findings provide new evidence about the cellular process behind squamous differentiation in ASCAPs.
The evolution of pulmonary pathology in fatal COVID-19 disease: an autopsy study with clinical correlation
Authors: Bösmüller Hans , Traxler Selina , Bitzer Michael , Häberle Helene , Raiser Wolfgang , Nann Dominik , Frauenfeld Leonie , Vogelsberg Antonio , Klingel Karin , Fend Falko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pandemia of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 355,000 confirmed deaths worldwide. However, publications on postmortem findings are scarce. We present the pulmonary findings in four cases of fatal COVID-19 with a spectrum of lung pathology reflecting disease course and duration, invasive therapies, and laboratory features. Early disease is characterized by neutrophilic, exudative capillaritis with microthrombosis and high levels of IL-1beta and IL-6. Later stages are associated with diffuse alveolar damage and ongoing intravascular thrombosis in small to medium-sized pulmonary vessels, occasionally with areas of infarction equivalents, accompanied by laboratory features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. In late stages, organizing pneumonia with extensive intra-alveolar proliferation of fibroblasts and marked metaplasia of alveolar epithelium can be observed. Viral RNA is encountered in the lung, with virus particles in endothelial cells and pneumocytes. In many patients, multi-organ failure with severe liver damage sets in finally, possibly as consequence of an early-onset pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and/or thrombotic microangiopathy.
Helminths of urban rats in developed countries: a systematic review to identify research gaps
Authors: Gliga Diana S. , Pisanu Benoît , Walzer Chris , Desvars-Larrive Amélie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough black (Rattus rattus) and brown (Rattus norvegicus) rats are among the most widespread synanthropic wild rodents, there is a surprising scarcity of knowledge about their ecology in the urban ecosystem. In particular, relatively few studies have investigated their helminth species diversity in such habitat. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guideline to synthesize the existing published literature regarding the helminth fauna of urban rats in developed countries (North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan). We aimed at describing the species diversity and richness of urban rat helminths, the species prevalence and associations, the methods of investigation, the pathological changes observed in the hosts, the risk factors of infection and the public health significance of rat-borne helminthiases. Twenty-three scientific papers published between 1946 and 2019 were reviewed, half of them were conducted in Europe. Twenty-five helminth species and eight genera were described from the liver, digestive tract, lungs and muscles of urban rats. The most commonly reported parasite was Calodium hepaticum. Prevalence and risk factors of helminth infection in urban rats varied greatly between studies. Observed pathological findings in the rat host were generally minor, except for C. hepaticum. Several rat helminths can parasitize humans and are therefore of public health significance. The lack of references to identification keys and the rare use of molecular tools for species confirmation represent the main limitation of these studies. Knowledge gap on this topic and the needs for future research are discussed.
Teachers’ views on effective classroom management: a mixed-methods investigation in Western Australian high schools
Authors: Egeberg Helen , McConney Andrew , Price Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTeachers’ views about teaching, learning and school experiences are important considerations in education. As the central participants in classroom interactions, students and teachers naturally have strong views about what it takes to manage learning and surrounding behaviours effectively. With this in mind and because we believe that ignoring the thinking of either of these stakeholders would be to the detriment of teaching and teacher education, we focused on hearing and understanding teachers’ voices about teaching, learning and classroom management. Our aim was to further clarify teachers’ perspectives on how educators create quality learning environments as well as gathering their views of various disciplinary interventions, their perceptions of challenging students and their sense of efficacy for classroom management in order to inform both policy and practice in teacher education. A survey was conducted with 50 secondary school teachers to capture their views on their classroom experiences. Follow up interviews with teachers identified by students as effective in their classroom management provided consistent reports that effective classroom managers build positive relationships with their students, manage their classrooms by establishing clear boundaries and high expectations, and engage students in their learning.
Effects of Serratia marcescens (SM1) and its interaction with common biocontrol agents on the termite, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)
Authors: Fu Renjie , Zhou Luxiang , Feng Kai , Lu Xiaoyu , Luo Jian , Tang Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOdontotermes formosanus (Shiraki), a black-winged subterranean termite, is a common forest pest. A red pigment-producing bacterial strain isolated from the termite was identified as Serratia marcescens and named SM1. A bioassay of SM1 on O. formosanus show that the LD50 ranged from 1.77 × 104 to 10.82 × 104 cells/termite over 21–39 h. Three biological control agents, Beauveria bassiana (2 × 1010 cells/mL), Metarhizium anisopliae (1 × 1010 cells/mL) and Bacillus thuringiensis (1.6 × 108 IU/mL), were used for an O. formosanus bioassay. The results show that the insecticidal effect of B. bassiana was stronger than that of M. anisopliae. In addition, two mixtures were obtained by combining B. bassiana (2 × 1010 cells/mL) with SM1 (1.5 × 1010 cells/mL), and M. anisopliae (1 × 1010 cells/mL) with S. marcescens (SM1) (1.5 × 1010 cells/mL) in equal volumes. The results show that B. bassiana and SM1 was less effective than SM1 alone. However, the insecticidal effect of M. anisopliae and SM1 was better than that of M. anisopliae or SM1 individually. These studies provide an important contribution for termite biocontrol.
Design, evaluation, and implementation of a model-predictive control approach for a force control in friction stir welding processes
Authors: Meyer Stefan P. , Bernauer Christian J. , Grabmann Sophie , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFriction press joining is an innovative joining process for bonding plastics and metals without additives in an overlap configuration. A model-based approach for the design of an axial force controller for friction press joining is presented in this paper. A closed-loop control was set up on the machining center, in which the plunge depth was used as the controlling variable. In order to support the controller development, a nonparametric dynamic process model was developed via a data-based system identification. Subsequently, various control concepts were designed off-line and verified on the actual system. The most promising ones, a proportional controller, a controller created with the pole placement method, and a model predictive controller, were selected for further investigations. The three controllers were re-evaluated and compared by means of a defined input of disturbance variables and reference variables. The model predictive control (MPC) approach as well as the proportional controller were also tested for model uncertainties. For this purpose, different material combinations were joined using the different controllers. Thereby, it was shown that the MPC controller resulted in smaller standard deviations when encountering large model uncertainties. The investigations demonstrated the high potential of friction press joining of plastic components with metals. The results form the basis for future research, whereby the force can be specified as an additional input parameter instead of the plunge depth.
Cardiac Imaging After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Camen S. , Haeusler K.G. , Schnabel R.B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiac imaging after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is used to identify potential sources of cardioembolism, to classify stroke etiology leading to changes in secondary stroke prevention, and to detect frequent comorbidities. This article summarizes the latest research on this topic and provides an approach to clinical practice to use cardiac imaging after stroke.

Recent Findings
Echocardiography remains the primary imaging method for cardiac work-up after stroke. Recent echocardiography studies further demonstrated promising results regarding the prediction of non-permanent atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography have been tested for their diagnostic value, in particular in patients with cryptogenic stroke, and can be considered as second line methods, providing complementary information in selected stroke patients.

Summary
Cardiac imaging after ischemic stroke or TIA reveals a potential causal condition in a subset of patients. Whether systematic application of cardiac imaging improves outcome after stroke remains to be established.