bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inviscid model of unsteady separated vortical flow for a moving plate
Authors: Sohn Sung-Ik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn inviscid vortex shedding model for separated vortices from a solid body is studied. The model describes the separated vortices by vortex sheets and the attached flow via conformal mapping. We develop a computational model to simulate the vortex shedding of a moving body, with varying angle. An unsteady Kutta condition is imposed on the edges of the plate to determine the edge circulations and velocities. The force on the plate is obtained by integrating the unsteady Blasius equation. We apply the model to two representative cases of an accelerated plate, with impulsive start and uniform acceleration, and investigate the dynamics for large angles of attack. For both cases, the vortex force is dominant in the lift over times. The lift coefficients are initially high and decrease in four chord lengths of displacement, in general. For large angles of attack, the appearance of a peak of lift at an early time depends on the power-law velocity, which differs from the behavior for small angles of attack. The lift and drag from the model are in agreement with the Navier–Stokes simulation and experiment for moderate Reynolds numbers. We also demonstrate the vortex shedding of hovering and flapping plates. In the hovering motion, the large increase in lift at the early backward translation is due to the combined effect of the vortex force and added mass force. In the flapping plate, our model provides an improvement in the prediction for the induced force than other shedding models.
Expectant Management of Patients with Ventral Hernias: 3 Years of Follow‐up
Authors: Martin Alexander C. , Lyons Nicole B. , Bernardi Karla , Holihan Julie L. , Cherla Deepa V. , Flores Juan R. , Huang Lillian , Milton Alexis , Shah Puja , Kao Lillian S. , Ko Tien C. , Liang Mike K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and effectiveness of expectant management (e.g., watchful waiting or initially managing non‐operatively) for patients with a ventral hernia is unknown. We report our 3‐year results of a prospective cohort of patients with ventral hernias who underwent expectant management.MethodsA hernia clinic at an academic safety‐net hospital was used to recruit patients. Any patient undergoing expectant management with symptoms and high‐risk comorbidities, as determined by a surgeon based on institutional criteria, would be included in the study. Patients unlikely to complete follow‐up assessments were excluded from the study. Patient‐reported outcomes were collected by phone and mailed surveys. A modified activities assessment scale normalized to a 1–100 scale was used to measure results. The rate of operative repair was the primary outcome, while secondary outcomes include rate of emergency room (ER) visits and both emergent and elective hernia repairs.ResultsAmong 128 patients initially enrolled, 84 (65.6%) completed the follow‐up at a median (interquartile range) of 34.1 (31, 36.2) months. Overall, 28 (33.3%) patients visited the ER at least once because of their hernia and 31 (36.9%) patients underwent operative management. Seven patients (8.3%) required emergent operative repair. There was no significant change in quality of life for those managed non‐operatively; however, substantial improvements in quality of life were observed for patients who underwent operative management.ConclusionsExpectant management is an effective strategy for patients with ventral hernias and significant comorbid medical conditions. Since the short‐term risk of needing emergency hernia repair is moderate, there could be a safe period of time for preoperative optimization and risk‐reduction for patients deemed high risk.
Poorly differentiated is more significant than signet ring cell component for lymph node metastasis in mixed-type early gastric cancer: a retrospective study from a large-volume hospital
Authors: Chen Jin-Nan , Wang Qi-Wen , Zhang Qing-Wei , Tang Zhao-Rong , Li Xiao-Bo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of different undifferentiated components in the lymph node metastasis (LNM) of early mixed gastric cancer.

Methods
A total of 1596 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy were divided into four types: pure differentiated (PD), pure poorly differentiated (Poorly D), pure signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), and mixed. Mixed type was classified into four subtypes: differentiated-predominant type mixed with poorly differentiated component (MD-P), poorly differentiated-predominant type mixed with differentiated component (MP-D), differentiated-predominant type mixed with SRC component (MD-S), and poorly differentiated-predominant type mixed with SRC component (MP-S). We analyzed the clinicopathological differences between all types and the rates of LNM of patients fulfilling endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) criteria.

Results
LNM was more common in mixed (21.9%) than in PD (7.5%, P < 0.001) or SRC (11.3%, P < 0.001). When analyzed the subgroups of mixed type, LNM was more frequent in MD-P (15.4%) than in PD (7.5%, P = 0.003). LNM in MD-S (7.4%, P = 1.000) was not higher than in PD. MP-S (24.5%) showed a higher rate of LNM than SRC (11.3%, P < 0.001) rather than Poorly-D (22.7%, P = 0.681). For lesions satisfying ESD criteria, MD-S (0%, P = 1.000), and MD-P (5.9%, P = 0.12) did not have higher rates of LNM than PD (1.4%).

Conclusion
The presence of poorly differentiated component but not SRC increases the LNM rate of mixed type. ESD is recommended for the treatment of MD-S and MD-P consistent with ESD criteria.
Elliptic quasi-variational inequalities under a smallness assumption: uniqueness, differential stability and optimal control
Authors: Wachsmuth Gerd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider a quasi-variational inequality governed by a moving set. We employ the assumption that the movement of the set has a small Lipschitz constant. Under this requirement, we show that the quasi-variational inequality has a unique solution which depends Lipschitz-continuously on the source term. If the data of the problem is (directionally) differentiable, the solution map is directionally differentiable as well. We also study the optimal control of the quasi-variational inequality and provide necessary optimality conditions of strongly stationary type.
Genome-wide association study identifies new loci for albuminuria in the Japanese population
Authors: Okuda Hiroshi , Okamoto Koji , Abe Michiaki , Ishizawa Kota , Makino Satoshi , Tanabe Osamu , Sugawara Junichi , Hozawa Atsushi , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Makoto , Tamiya Gen , Yamamoto Masayuki , Ito Sadayoshi , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, etc. Only a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for UAE have been conducted in the European population, but not in the Asian population. Here we conducted GWAS and identified several candidate genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for UAE in the Japanese population.

Methods
We conducted GWAS for UAE in 7805 individuals of Asian ancestry from health-survey data collected by Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM). The SNP genotype data were obtained with a SNP microarray. After imputation using a haplotype panel consisting of 2000 genome sequencing, 4,962,728 SNP markers were used for the GWAS.

Results
Eighteen SNPs at 14 loci (GRM7, EXOC1/NMU, LPA, STEAP1B/RAPGEF5, SEMA3D, PRKAG2, TRIQK, SERTM1, TPT1-AS1, OR5AU1, TSHR, FMN1/RYR3, COPRS, and BRD1) were associated with UAE in the Japanese individuals. A locus with particularly strong associations was observed on TSHR, chromosome 14 [rs116622332 (p = 3.99 × 10−10)].

Conclusion
In this study, we successfully identified UAE-associated variant loci in the Japanese population. Further study is required to confirm this association.
Electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly of 1D α-LiFeO2 with enhanced rate capability and cycling performance
Authors: Hu Youzuo , Liu Xingquan , Tapia-Ruiz Nuria 
Published: April 2020

Abstractα-LiFeO2is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its theoretically high specific capacity (282 mAh g−1), abundant nature, low cost of raw materials and environmental friendliness. However, the intrinsic sluggish kinetics and poor electronic conductivity of α-LiFeO2prevent its practical use. In this work, we introduce a novel electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly method using PAH and PSS charged polyelectrolytes to grow in situ Ag nanoparticles on the surface of α-LiFeO2nanorods to improve the electronic and ionic conductivity in this material. The experimental results show that such tailored design effectively improves the cycling stability and provides the material with a superior rate capability. The Ag-1D α-LiFeO2material delivers a high discharge capacity of 162.6 mAh g−1at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 89.6% after 50 cycles. The excellent electrochemical behavior may be ascribed to synergistic effects which combine the use of Ag NPs, which provide with improved electronic conductivities, and the large specific surface areas given by the 1D morphology of the nanorods, providing increased lithium and electron conduction pathways.
Mukbang and Disordered Eating: A Netnographic Analysis of Online Eating Broadcasts
Authors: Strand Mattias , Gustafsson Sanna Aila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMukbang is a recent Internet phenomenon in which video recordings of hosts eating large amounts of food are streamed on an online video platform. It originated in South Korea around 2014 and has since become a global trend. The aim of this study was to explore how viewers of mukbang videos relate their audience experiences to symptoms of disordered eating. A qualitative analysis of YouTube comments and Reddit posts on the topic of mukbang and disordered eating was performed, employing a netnographic approach. Two overarching themes were identified: a viewer perspective, by which users discuss mukbang without describing any personal involvement, and a participant perspective, by which users describe their own experiences of affects and behaviors in response to watching mukbang. Several topical categories emerged, describing how watching mukbang can both limit and increase eating, reduce loneliness and guilt, and become self-destructive. For some, mukbang appears to be a constructive tool in increasing food intake, preventing binge eating, or reducing loneliness; for others, it is clearly a destructive force that may motivate restrictive eating or trigger a relapse into loss-of-control eating. Notably, watching mukbang is not necessarily experienced as either helpful or destructive, but instead as simultaneously useful and hurtful.
Arsenate removal from drinking water using by-products from conventional iron oxyhydroxides production as adsorbents coupled with submerged microfiltration unit
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Katsoyiannis Ioannis , Rodrigues Josma Henna , Ernst Mathias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArsenic is among the major drinking water contaminants affecting populations in many countries because it causes serious health problems on long-term exposure. Two low-cost micro-sized iron oxyhydroxide-based adsorbents (which are by-products of the industrial production process of granular adsorbents), namely, micro granular ferric hydroxide (μGFH) and micro tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte (μTMF), were applied in batch adsorption kinetic tests and submerged microfiltration membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) to remove pentavalent arsenic (As(V)) from modeled drinking water. The adsorbents media were characterized in terms of iron content, BET surface area, pore volume, and particle size. The results of adsorption kinetics show that initial adsorption rate of As(V) by μTMF is faster than μGFH. The SMAHS results revealed that hydraulic residence time of As(V) in the slurry reactor plays a critical role. At longer residence time, the achieved adsorption capacities at As(V) permeate concentration of 10 μg/L (WHO guideline value) are 0.95 and 1.04 μg/mg for μGFH and μTMF, respectively. At shorter residence time of ~ 3 h, μTMF was able to treat 1.4 times more volumes of arsenic-polluted water than μGFH under the optimized experimental conditions due to its fast kinetic behavior. The outcomes of this study confirm that micro-sized iron oyxhydroxides, by-products of conventional adsorbent production processes, can successfully be employed in the proposed hybrid water treatment system to achieve drinking water guideline value for arsenic, without considerable fouling of the porous membrane.
Altered Energy Metabolism During Early Optic Nerve Crush Injury: Implications of Warburg-Like Aerobic Glycolysis in Facilitating Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Li Ping , Zhou Yuan-Guo , Ye Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeurons, especially axons, are metabolically demanding and energetically vulnerable during injury. However, the exact energy budget alterations that occur early after axon injury and the effects of these changes on neuronal survival remain unknown. Using a classic mouse model of optic nerve-crush injury, we found that traumatized optic nerves and retinas harbor the potential to mobilize two primary energetic machineries, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, to satisfy the robustly increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demand. Further exploration of metabolic activation showed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was amplified over other pathways, which may lead to decreased retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival despite its supplement to ATP production. Gene set enrichment analysis of a microarray (GSE32309) identified significant activation of oxidative phosphorylation in injured retinas from wild-type mice compared to those from mice with deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), while PTEN-/- mice had more robust RGC survival. Therefore, we speculated that the oxidation-favoring metabolic pattern after optic nerve-crush injury could be adverse for RGC survival. After redirecting metabolic flux toward glycolysis (magnifying the Warburg effect) using the drug meclizine, we successfully increased RGC survival. Thus, we provide novel insights into a potential bioenergetics-based strategy for neuroprotection.
Insight Into Major Active Faults in Central Myanmar and the Related Geodynamic Sources
Authors: Mon Chit Thet , Gong Xuan , Wen Yun , Jiang Mingming , Chen Qi‐Fu , Zhang Miao , Hou Guangbing , Thant Myo , Sein Kyaing , He Yumei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMyanmar, one of the most active tectonic regions in the world, endures the risk of destructive earthquakes. Based on seismic data recorded at the recently deployed dense array of the China‐Myanmar Geophysical Survey in the Myanmar Orogen (CMGSMO), we detect 854 and locate 599 shallow earthquakes with high precision and determine the focal mechanisms of 40 earthquakes. We identify two NW‐SE trending fault zones accommodating dextral strike‐slip earthquakes beneath the Central Basin, indicating potential seismic risk in the region. We also recognize a nearly N‐S trending seismic zone in the overlying Indo‐Burma Ranges (IBR) crust near the Kabaw Fault (KBF). The earthquakes within this seismic zone mostly show thrusting focal mechanisms. Our results suggest that strike‐slip deformation dominates to the east of the KBF, while shortening is mainly confined to the west of the KBF in Central Myanmar.
Multidecadal Changes in Wet Season Precipitation Totals Over the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Granato‐Souza Daniela , Stahle David W. , Torbenson Max C.A. , Howard Ian M. , Barbosa Ana Carolina , Feng Song , Fernandes Katia , Schöngart Jochen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInstrumental observations indicate that Amazon precipitation and streamflow extremes have increased during the last 40 years, possibly due to anthropogenic changes and natural variability. How unprecedented these changes might be is difficult to determine because some paleoclimatic, instrumental, and climate model simulations suggest that Amazonian precipitation and streamflow may be subject to multidecadal variability with return intervals longer than most direct observations. A new 258‐year long tree‐ring chronology of Cedrela odorata has been developed in the eastern Amazon and has been used to reconstruct wet season precipitation totals from 1759–2016. Reconstructed drought extremes are associated with significant sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Strong multidecadal variance is identified in the reconstruction that may reflect a component of natural rainfall variability relevant to forest ecosystem dynamics and suggesting that recent hydroclimate changes over the eastern Amazon may not be unprecedented over the past 258 years.
Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) Analysis of the Gonjo Basin as an Independent Constraint to Date Tibetan Shortening Pulses
Authors: Li Shihu , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Shen Zhongshan , Najman Yani , Deng Chenglong , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau accommodated major upper crustal shortening during Indian Plate oceanic and continental lithosphere subduction. Deciphering whether shortening was continuous or episodic, and how it correlates to major geodynamic changes is challenging. Here we apply anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), a sensitive synsedimentary strain indicator, to a ~3 km thick magnetostratigraphically dated sedimentary section (69–41.5 Ma) in eastern Tibet. AMS shows “earliest deformation” fabrics from 69–52 Ma, followed by a sudden change to “pencil structure” fabrics with increasing anisotropy degree at ~52 Ma, dating a sudden increased synsedimentary shortening strain. This change coincides with enhanced sedimentation rates and synsedimentary vertical‐axis rotations of the Gonjo Basin, suggesting a causal link to a marked India‐Asia convergence rate deceleration. We show that AMS analysis provides a strong tool to distinguish between climatic and tectonic causes of sedimentological change and is an asset in identifying discrete tectonic pulses in intensely deformed terrane.
Carbon emissions embodied in product value chains and the role of Life Cycle Assessment in curbing them
Authors: Meinrenken Christoph J. , Chen Daniel , Esparza Ricardo A. , Iyer Venkat , Paridis Sally P. , Prasad Aruna , Whillas Erika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLife cycle-based analyses are considered crucial for designing product value chains towards lower carbon emissions. We have used data reported by companies to CDP for public disclosure to build a database of 866 product carbon footprints (PCFs), from 145 companies, 30 industries, and 28 countries. We used this database to elucidate the breakdown of embodied carbon emissions across products’ value chains, how this breakdown varies by industry, and whether the reported emission reductions vary with the granularity of the PCF. For the 866 products, on average 45% of total value chain emissions arise upstream in the supply chain, 23% during the company’s direct operations, and 32% downstream. This breakdown varies strongly by industry. Across their lifecycle, the 866 products caused average total emissions of 6 times their own weight, with large variation within and across industries. Reported achievements to reduce emissions varied depending on whether a company had reported a PCF’s breakdown to life cycle stages or only the total emissions (10.9% average reduction with breakdown versus 3.7% without). We conclude that a sector-level understanding of emissions, absent of individual PCFs, is insufficient to reliably quantify carbon emissions, and that higher reported emission reductions go hand in hand with more granular PCFs.
Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Glymphatic Clearance Rates in Limbic Structures of Adolescent Female Rats
Authors: Christensen Jennaya , Wright David K. , Yamakawa Glenn R. , Shultz Sandy R. , Mychasiuk Richelle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe glymphatic system is the macroscopic waste clearance system for the central nervous system. Glymphatic dysfunction has been linked to several neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adolescents are at particularly high risk for experiencing a TBI, particularly mild TBI (mTBI) and repetitive mTBI (RmTBI); however, glymphatic clearance, and how it relates to behavioral outcomes, has not been investigated in this context. Therefore, this study examined glymphatic function in the adolescent brain following RmTBI. Female adolescent Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to either three mTBIs or sham injuries spaced three days apart. One-day after their final injury, the animals underwent a beam walking task to assess sensorimotor function, and contrast-enhanced MRI to visualize glymphatic clearance rate. Behavioural measures indicated that the RmTBI group displayed an increase in loss of consciousness as well as motor coordination and balance deficits consistent with our previous studies. The contrast-enhanced MRI results indicated that the female adolescent glymphatic system responds to RmTBI in a region-specific manner, wherein an increased influx but reduced efflux was observed throughout limbic structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala) and the olfactory bulb but neither the influx or efflux were altered in the cortical structures (primary motor cortex, insular cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) examined. This may indicate a role for an impaired and/or inefficient glymphatic system in the limbic structures and cortical structures, respectively, in the development of post-concussive symptomology during adolescence.
Bovine Sperm Sexing Alters Sperm Morphokinetics and Subsequent Early Embryonic Development
Authors: Steele H. , Makri D. , Maalouf W. E. , Reese S. , Kölle S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn artificial insemination the use of sex-sorted bovine sperm results in reduced conception, the causes of which are only partly understood. Therefore, we set out to investigate the effects of sexing on bovine sperm function and early embryonic development. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) of sperm of the same bulls (n = 5), before and after sexing, demonstrated significantly reduced fast (A) and slow (B) progressively motile sperm (p < 0.05) after sexing. Sexed-sperm also revealed significantly less hyperactivated sperm (p < 0.05). As shown by time-lapse videomicroscopy ofin vitroproduced embryos (n = 360), embryos derived from sexed-sperm displayed significantly increased incidences of arrest at the 4-cell stage (p < 0.05). The relative risk for shrinkage/fusion of blastomeres with subsequent lysis was 1.71 times higher in the embryos derived from sexed-sperm as compared to conventional embryos (p < 0.05) resulting in significantly reduced blastocyst rates (p < 0.001). The relative risk for cleavage was 2.36 times lower in the embryos derived from sex-sorted sperm (p < 0.001). Additionally, sexed-sperm-derived embryos showed reduced survival times (hazard ratio HR = 1.54, p < 0.001) which were bull dependent (p < 0.001). However, the percentage of apoptotic cells was similar to conventional embryos. Furthermore, embryos derived from sexed-sperm were found to reach developmental stages at similar timings as conventional embryos. Our results suggest that reduced conception rates after sexing are due to altered sperm morphokinetics, decreasing the chance of sperm to reach and fertilise the oocyte, and aberrant early embryonic development.