bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C. elegans colony formation as a phase separation phenomenon
Authors: Chen Yuping , Ferrell James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Phase separation at the molecular scale affects many biological processes. The theoretical requirements for phase separation are fairly minimal, and analogous phenomena may occur at other scales in biology. Here we have examined colony formation in the nematode C. elegans as a possible example of phase separation by a population of organisms. Experimental data and mathematical modeling indicated that, similar to physical condensation processes like phase separation and micelle formation, the population density of worms determines colony formation in a thresholded fashion, with the threshold correctly predicted by phase separation theory. Furthermore, we found that a phenomenon akin to Ostwald ripening – a coarsening seen in many systems that undergo phase separation – occurs. Our results show that populations of organisms can undergo condensation phenomena and phase separation.
Multilingual topic modelling for tracking COVID-19 trends based on Facebook data analysis
Authors: AMARA Amina , TAIEB Mohamed Ali HADJ , AOUICHA Mohamed BEN 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Social data has shown important role in tracking, monitoring and risk management of disasters. Indeed, several works focused on the benets of social data analysis to the healthcare practices and curing. Similarly, these data are exploited now for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic but the majority of works exploited twitter as source. In this paper, we choose to exploit Facebook, rarely used, for tracking the evolution of COVID-19 related trends. In fact, a multilingual dataset covering 7 languages (English (EN), Arabic (AR), Spanish (ES), Italian (IT), German (DE), French (FR) and Japanese (JP)) is extracted from Facebook public posts. The proposal is an analytics process including a data gathering step, pre-processing, LDA-based topic modelling and presentation module using graph structure. Data analysing covers the duration spanned from January 1st, 2020 to May 15, 2020 divided on three periods in cumulative way: rst period January-February, second period March-April and the last one to 15 May. The results showed that the extracted topics correspond to the chronological development of what has been circulated around the pandemic and the measures that have been taken in the various languages under discussion.
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma: Material Basis and Mechanism of Its Renal-Yin-Deficiency Syndrome Treating Effect and Its Effect Enhancement after Salt Stir-frying
Authors: Han Shu , Xu Jinkai , Li Weifei , Lu Xiaoyan , Zhi Meiru , Liu Kaiyang , Han Xitao , Tang Ya’nan , Liu Ziqin , Wang Hongyue , Yang Zhigang , Li Fei , Du Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to find out renal-yin-deficiency syndrome (RYDS) treating component of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) and its RYDS-treating mechanism, the contents of neomangiferin and mangiferin in raw AR after salt stir-frying, and the cause of enhancement of RYDS-treating effect of salt stir-fried AR.Methods HPLC method was used for determining contents of mangiferin and neomangiferin in the various AR samples and simulative salt stir-fried neomangiferin. Western Blot, ELISA, RT-PCR and some conventional methods were used to investigate the RYDS-treating effect of raw AR, salt stir-fried AR and mangiferin.Results Content of neomangiferin decreased and that of mangiferin increased in water stir-fried AR and salt stir-fried AR; HPLC chromatogram showed a mangiferin peak in simulative salt stir-fried neomangiferin; both AR samples and mangiferin exerted RYDS-treating effect by reducing/increasing certain general and specific physiological indexes, reducing levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, cAMP, and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP; elevating levels of TSH and cGMP; and increasing mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in kidney in RYDS rats. The RYDS-treating effect of salt stir-fried AR and mangiferin was stronger than that of raw AR.Conclusions Results of the study show that mangiferin in AR is the material basis of the RYDS-treating effect, the mechanism of the effect is rectifying and adjusting a series of physiological, endocrino-immunological and genetic abnormalities caused by RYDS, and enhancement of effect of salt stir-fried AR is because of the increase in the content of mangiferin.
Functional Profiling of Saliva Microbiome is Essential for Oral Cancer Prediction
Authors: Chen Jiung-Wen , Chiang Wei-Fan , Wu Jer-Horng , Chen Yuh-Ling , Wu Wei-Sheng , Wu Li-Wha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between microbiome and host disease has been documented in oral cancer, one of the leading cancers worldwide. Huge efforts are made to use the profile of oral microbiome and distinct signature species as markers to distinguish oral cancer patients from healthy individuals. The previous results, however, remain inconclusive. The assembly mechanisms of oral microbiome and their response to changes in oral carcinogenesis also have not been characterized. Here, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and in-silico function prediction approaches, we analyzed the saliva microbiome in cohorts of orally healthy, oral verrucous hyperplasia, and oral cancer at taxon and function levels, and compared their corresponding predictive performance of oral cancer using machine learning algorithms.Results: Analyses of diversity and phylogenetic profiles of bacterial communities in saliva showed that microbiome dysbiosis was significantly linked to oral health status. As oral health deteriorated, the number of core species (>75% prevalence) as a percentage of overall species richness declined. In line with the null model-based analysis, taxonomic and functional assemblies of saliva microbiomes were primarily governed by the stochastic processes. Correspondingly, the quantitative assessment of partitioned beta-diversity suggested extremely high species turnover but low function turnover, revealing a functional redundancy of the oral ecosystem. Functional beta-diversity in salvia microbiome shifted from turnover to nestedness during carcinogenesis of oral verrucous hyperplasia, but this pattern was not observed at the taxon level. Moreover, using both taxon and function data as training features for machine learning-aided prediction on host health status supports a superior predictive performance when using functional profiling. Similar results were also obtained and validated using publicly accessible data.Conclusions: Our results suggest that altered oral bacterial communities are highly associated with carcinogenesis of oral verrucous hyperplasia. Partly owing to high taxonomic turnover and stochastic assembly processes of the oral ecosystem, discovering oral microbial consortia as universal biomarkers for oral cancer may prove difficult and arduous. Functional profiles are relatively stable and evolve a nestedness pattern during oral carcinogenesis, serving as a new benchmark to study the interplay of the oral microbiome and host health in the future.
Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Chiamulera Mayara Martina Abatti , Zancan Caroline Biazzolo , Remor Aline Pertile , Gleber-Netto Frederico Omar , Baptistella Antuani Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of OC early detection. Methods: In this systematic review we identified SC studied as OC biomarker by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: “oral cancer”, “cytokine”, and “saliva”, and also combined with “interleukin” or “interferon”. Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included. Results: A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included, describing 10 different SC, which IL-8 and IL-6 were the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with non-malignant oral conditions such as leukoplakia, lichen planus and gingivitis, irrespective of its inflammatory role. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests SC are consistently up-regulated among OC patients and may represent ideal biomarkers to be translated to the clinical practice.
A new alternative for corneal endothelial regeneration using autologous dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Bosch Begoña M , Salero Enrique , Núñez-Toldrà Raquel , Sabater Alfonso L , Gil Francesc J , Perez Roman A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Failure of the corneal endothelium cell (CEC) monolayer is the main cause leading to corneal transplantation. Autologous cell-based therapies are required to reconstruct in vitro the cell monolayer. For this purpose, we propose the use of dental pulp stem cells isolated from the third molars to form CEC monolayer. We hypothesize that by using dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) that share an embryological origin with CEC, as they both arise from the neural crest, may allow a direct differentiation process avoiding the use of reprogramming techniques, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC).
Methods
In this work, we report a two-step differentiation protocol, where dental pulp stem cells are derived into neural crest stem cells and, then, into CEC.
Results
Initially, we compared the efficiency of direct differentiation of DPSC with the differentiation of iPSC to express NCSC related genes in adhesion culture, showing significantly higher levels of early stage marker AP2 for the DPSC compared to iPSC. To provide better environment for NCSC gene expression, suspension method was performed, which induced the formation of neurospheres. The results showed neurosphere formation after few days, obtaining the peak of NCSC marker expression after 4 days, showing overexpression of AP2, p75 and CHD7 markers, confirming the formation of NCSC like cells. Furthermore, pluripotent markers Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 were as well upregulated in suspension culture. Neurospheres were then directly cultured in CEC conditioned medium for the second differentiation, showing the conversion of DPSC into polygonal like cells expressing higher levels of ZO-1, ATP1A1, COL4A2 and COL8A1 markers, providing proof of the successful conversion into CEC.
Conclusions
Therefore, our findings demonstrate that patient-derived dental pulp stem cells represent an autologous cell source for corneal endothelial regeneration that avoids actual transplantation limitations as well as reprogramming techniques.
Factor XII in PMM2-CDG patients: role of N-glycosylation in the secretion and function of the first element of the contact pathway.
Authors: Gálvez Raquel López , Morena-Barrio María Eugenia de la , López-Lera Alberto , Pathak Monika , Miñano Antonia , Serrano Mercedes , Borgel Delphine , Roldán Vanessa , Vicente Vicente , Emsley Jonas , Corral Javier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare diseases with impaired glycosylation and multiorgan disfunction, including hemostatic and inflammatory disorders. Factor XII (FXII), the first element of the contact phase, has an emerging role in hemostasia and inflammation. FXII deficiency protects against thrombosis and the p.Thr309Lys variant is involved in hereditary angioedema through the hyperreactivity caused by the associated defective O-glycosylation. We studied FXII in CDG aiming to supply further information of the glycosylation of this molecule, and its functional and clinical effects. Plasma FXII from 46 PMM2-CDG patients was evaluated by coagulometric and by Western Blot in basal conditions, treated with N-glycosydase F or activated by silica or dextran sulfate. A recombinant FXII expression model was used to validate the secretion and glycosylation of wild-type and variants targeting the two described FXII N-glycosylation sites (p.Asn230Lys; p.Asn414Lys) as well as the p.Thr309Lys variant. Results. PMM2-CDG patients had normal FXII levels (117%) but high proportions of a form lacking N-glycosylation at Asn414. Recombinant FXII p.Asn230Lys, and p.Asn230Lys&p.Asn414Lys had impaired secretion and increased intracellular retention compared to wild-type, p.Thr309Lys and p.Asn414Lys variants. The hypoglycosylated form of PMM2-CDG activated similarly than FXII fully glycosylated. Accordingly, no PMM2-CDG had angioedema. FXII levels did not associate to vascular events, but hypoglycosylated FXII, like hypoglycosylated transferrin, antithrombin and FXI levels did it. Conclusions. N-glycosylation at Asn230 is essential for FXII secretion. PMM2-CDG have high levels of FXII lacking N-glycosylation at Asn414, but this glycoform displays similar activation than fully glycosylated, explaining the absence of angioedema in CDG.
Elasticity Spectra as a Tool to Investigate Actin Cortex Mechanics
Authors: Lüchtefeld Ines , Bartolozzi Alice , Morales Julian Mejia , Dobre Oana , Basso Michele , Zambelli Tomaso , Vassalli Massimo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The mechanical properties of single living cells have proven to be a powerful marker of the cell physiological state. The use of nanoindentation-based single cell force spectroscopy provided a wealth of information on the elasticity of cells, which is still largely to be exploited. The simplest model to describe cell mechanics is to treat them as a homogeneous elastic material and describe it in terms of the Young's modulus. Beside its simplicity, this approach proved to be extremely informative, allowing to assess the potential of this physical indicator towards high throughput phenotyping in diagnostic and prognostic applications.

Results

Here we propose an extension of this analysis to explicitly account for the properties of the actin cortex. We present a method, the Elasticity Spectra, to calculate the apparent stiffness of the cell as a function of the indentation depth and we suggest a simple phenomenological approach to measure the thickness and stiffness of the actin cortex, in addition to the standard Young's modulus.

Conclusions

The Elasticity Spectra approach is tested and validated on a set of cells treated with cytoskeleton-affecting drugs, showing the potential to extend the current representation of cell mechanics, without introducing a detailed and complex description of the intracellular structure.
Complex Foot Deformities Associated With Lower Limb Deformities: a New Therapeutic Strategy for Simultaneous Correction Using Ilizarov Procedure Together With Osteotomy and Soft Tissue Release
Authors: Boquan Qin , Yi Ren , Tingjiang Gan , Xi Liu , Hui Zhang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aim The aim of the current study is to introduce a new therapeutic strategy for simultaneous correction of complex foot deformities (CFD) and the associated lower limb deformities (LLD) by using Ilizarov technique with osteotomy and soft tissue procedure and to report its early clinical results.Methods A retrospective review of CFD associated with LLD simultaneous correction utilizing Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance from 2015 to 2019 was conducted.Results Thirty-two patients were followed for an average of 42.8 months. The mean external fixation time (EFT) was 6.5 months. The mean healing index (HI) was 1.7 months/cm. At the time of fixator removal, plantigrade feet were achieved in all patient, lower limb deformities were corrected. No recurrence of the deformities occurred. The mean LLRS AIM score was improved from 7.5 to 0.3. At the final follow-up, ASAMI-Paley score was graded as excellent in all limbs in the aspect of bone results, and functional results were defined as excellent in 29 (90.6%) limbs and good in 3 (9.4%) limbs. The mean Modified Dimeglio score was significantly improved from 7.2 to 1.3. No deep infection of the osteotomy site or nonunion was noted in the current study.Conclusion The therapeutic strategy by using Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance is a safe and effective way to simultaneously correct CFD and LLD.Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series
The predictive value of D-dimer test for venous thromboembolism during puerperium in women age 35 or older: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Wen , Xu Dong , Li Juan , Chen Cheng , Chen Yuan , Xi Fangfang , Zhou Feifei , Guo Xiaohan , Zhao Baihui , Luo Qiong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the D-dimer for venous thromboembolism (VTE) events during puerperium of women age at 35 years or older, as well as to identify other risk factors associated with the occurrence of VTE.
Methods
It was a prospective observational cohort study, from January 2014 to December 2018, which involved 12451 women age 35 or older who delivered after 28 weeks of gestation at Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. The maternal and fetal demographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, imaging finding and results of laboratory test within postpartum 24 hours including D-dimer, platelet and fibrinogen were collected for analyses.
Results
30(2.4‰) women were identified as VTE, including 1 PE event and 29 DVT events. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested the best cutoff point for D-dimer level within postpartum 24 hours of women age 35 or older was 5.545 mg/L, with a specificity of 70.0% and a sensitivity of 75.4%. Besides, there was no statistical correlation between platelets and VTE, as well as between fibrinogen and VTE. On multivariate analysis, D-dimer ≥ 5.50 mg/L (OR = 5.874, 95%CI: 2.678–12.886) and emergency cesarean section (OR = 11.965, 95%CI: 2.732–52.401) were independently associated with VTE in puerperium of women age 35 or older.
Conclusions
We concluded that D-dimer ≥ 5.50 mg/L was an independent predictor of VTE in puerperium with maternal age 35 or older and D-dimer testing was a necessary examination for perinatal women.
Characterization of the ‘White’ Appearing Clots that Cause Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mereuta Oana Madalina , Fitzgerald Seán , Rossi Rosanna , Douglas Andrew , Pandit Abhay , McCarthy Ray , Gilvarry Michael , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F , O’Hare Alan , Power Sarah , Brennan Paul , Alderson Jack , Murphy Blathnaid , Davidson Maria , Brederlau Anke , Allardt Arne , Gunnarsson Thorsteinn , Tatlisumak Turgut , Rentzos Alexandros , Thornton John , Doyle Karen M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Most clots retrieved from patients with acute ischemic stroke are ‘red’ in color and are predominantly composed of red blood cells and fibrin. ‘White’ clots represent a less common entity and their histological composition is largely unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate the composition, imaging and procedural characteristics of ‘white’ clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy.Materials and Methods:Nineteen ‘white’ thrombi selected by visual inspection from 293 cases were collected as part of the multi-institutional RESTORE registry. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Components were quantified using Orbit Image Analysis.Results:Quantification of Martius Scarlett Blue stain identified platelets/other as the major component in ‘white’ clots’ (63%) followed by fibrin (26%), red blood cells (7%) and white blood cells (4%). ‘White’ clots presented significantly more platelets/other and less red blood cells compared to the ‘red’ clots which showed a mean of 23% and 44%, respectively. The mean platelet (CD42b) content in ‘white’ clots was 43%; von Willebrand Factor (vWF) mean expression was 38%.Collagen and calcification were associated in one case. Fatty acid binding protein 4 was expressed in two cases.‘White’ clots were also significantly smaller (9.5 versus 12 mm) and less hyperdense (52 versus 61 Hounsfield Units) on NCCT compared to the other cases.Conclusions:‘White’ clots represented 6% of our cohort and are platelet and vWF-rich. Calcification, collagen and adipocytes were found occasionally. ‘White’ clots differ from other clots in composition, size and density on NCCT.
Effectiveness of Exercise on Osteosarcopenia in Elderly People: A Protocol Systematic Review
Authors: Vinícius-Souza Guilherme Elias , Noll Matias , Silveira Erika Aparecida 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Older adults with this syndrome have greater fragility and chances of mortality compared to those without these conditions. Exercise has been recommended as a treatment for osteosarcopenia based on interventions with sarcopenic and osteoporotic individuals separately. However, there is no evidence that physical exercise can really be an effective treatment for osteosarcopenia. Our objective is to identify whether physical exercise can improve the osteosarcopenia in older adults and lead to good health outcomes. Methods: We will perform a systematic review on the follow databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trial studies in which the interventions were physical exercises in older adults diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. To assess the risk of bias, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) and the Black and Downs tools will be used. For each search result, the quality of the evidence will ultimately receive one of four grades: high quality, moderate quality, low quality, or very low quality. Discussion: Through this systematic review protocol, an article on physical exercise recommendations for osteosarcopenia in older adults will be prepared. The results of this study may lead to recommendations for physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment or complementary therapy for the prevention of osteosarcopenia.Systematic review registration: Ongoing on Prospero.Ethics and dissemination: Protocol written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Fear response-based prediction for stress susceptibility to PTSD-like phenotypes
Authors: Jeong Min-Jae , Lee Changhee , Sung Ki-Bong , Jung Jung Hoon , Kim Joung-Hun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Most individuals undergo traumatic stresses at some points in their life, but only a small proportion develop stress-related disorders such as anxiety diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although stress susceptibility is one determinant of mental disorders, the underlying mechanisms and functional implication remain unclear yet. We found that an increased amount of freezing that animals exhibited in the intertrial interval (ITI) of a stress-enhanced fear learning paradigm, predicts ensuing PTSD-like symptoms whereas resilient mice show ITI freezing comparable to that of unstressed mice. To examine the behavioral features, we developed a systematic analytical approach for ITI freezing and stress susceptibility. Thus, we provide a behavioral parameter for prognosis to stress susceptibility of individuals in the development of PTSD-like symptoms as well as a new mathematical means to scrutinize freezing behavior.