bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the fused deposition modeling and the digital light processing techniques in terms of dimensional accuracy of printing dental models used for the fabrication of clear aligners
Authors: Jaber Samer T. , Hajeer Mohammad Y. , Khattab Tarek Z. , Mahaini Luai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of physical reproductions of plaster orthodontic study casts fabricated by two different rapid prototyping techniques: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Digital Light Processing (DLP).Materials and methodsTwenty pairs of pretreatment plaster models were prepared from randomly selected patients at the Orthodontic Department, University of Damascus Dental School. Twenty‐one reference points were placed on plaster models, followed by scanning and printing of these models using FDM and DLP techniques. Forty measurements were made on these models using a digital caliper. Pairedttests were used to detect significant differences in the measurements between the 3D printed replicas and the original plaster models (Gold Standard). Alpha level was adjusted due to the multiplicity of the tests.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for all the comparisons made between the 3D replicas and the gold standard models were greater than 0.80 with ICCs ranging from 0.802 to 0.990 and from 0.853 to 0.990 for the FDM and DLP techniques, respectively. This indicated an excellent agreement. No statistically significant differences could be detected between the 3D‐printed models and their corresponding plaster models. The overall mean difference was −0.11 mm and 0.00 ranging from −0.49 to 0.17 mm and from −0.42 to 0.50 mm, for the FDM and DLP techniques, respectively.ConclusionThe accuracy of the 3D models produced by the DLP and FDM techniques was acceptable. However, for the fabrication of clear aligners, the optimum fit of the produced plates in the patients' mouths is not completely guaranteed.
Reproduction of ectoparasitic mites in a coevolved system: Varroa spp.—Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana
Authors: Wang Shuai , Lin Zheguang , Chen Gongwen , Page Paul , Hu Fuliang , Niu Qingsheng , Su Xiaoling , Chantawannakul Panuwan , Neumann Peter , Zheng Huoqing , Dietemann Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParasite host shifts can impose a high selective pressure on novel hosts. Even though the coevolved systems can reveal fundamental aspects of host–parasite interactions, research often focuses on the new host–parasite relationships. This holds true for two ectoparasitic mite species, Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsonii, which have shifted hosts from Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana, to Western honey bees, Apis mellifera, generating colony losses of these pollinators globally. Here, we study infestation rates and reproduction of V. destructor and V. jacobsonii haplotypes in 185 A. cerana colonies of six populations in China and Thailand to investigate how coevolution shaped these features. Reproductive success was mostly similar and low, indicating constraints imposed by hosts and/or mite physiology. Infestation rates varied between mite haplotypes, suggesting distinct local co‐evolutionary scenarios. The differences in infestation rates and reproductive output between haplotypes did not correlate with the virulence of the respective host‐shifted lineages suggesting distinct selection scenarios in novel and original host. The occasional worker brood infestation was significantly lower than that of drone brood, except for the V. destructor haplotype (Korea) from which the invasive lineage derived. Whether mites infesting and reproducing in atypical intraspecific hosts (i.e., workers and queens) actually predisposes for and may govern the impact of host shifts on novel hosts should be determined by identifying the underlying mechanisms. In general, the apparent gaps in our knowledge of this coevolved system need to be further addressed to foster the adequate protection of wild and managed honey bees from these mites globally.
Development of silicon wafer packaging technology for deep UV LED
Authors: Chiba Hirofumi , Suzuki Yukio , Yasuda Yoshiaki , Kumagai Mitsuyasu , Koyama Takaaki , Tanaka Shuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a deep‐ultraviolet LED (deep‐UV‐LED) package based on silicon MEMS process technology (Si‐PKG). The package consists of a cavity formed by silicon crystalline anisotropic etching, through‐silicon vias (TSVs) filled with electroplated Cu, bonding metals made of electroplated Ni/AuSn and a quartz lid for hermetic sealing. A deep‐UV LED die is directly mounted in the Si‐PKG by AuSn eutectic bonding without a submount. It has advantages in terms of size, heat dissipation, light utilization efficiency, productivity and cost over conventional AlN ceramic packages. We confirmed a light output of 30 mW and effective reflection on Si (111) cavity slopes in the Si‐PKG. Based on simulation, further improvement of the optical output is expected by optimizing DUV‐LED die mount condition.
Association of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease and risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 illness
Authors: Sy‐Janairo Marianne Linley , Y Cua Ian Homer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven the global health burden caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), there have been numerous studies aimed to understand its clinical course and to determine risk factors that may impact prognosis. Pre‐existing medical conditions are linked with COVID‐19 severity, particularly cardiometabolic diseases. Increasing evidence has also linked metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with severe COVID‐19 illness. Thus, we review different published clinical data relating to the association of MAFLD and COVID‐19 severity. Our review showed that published studies consistently support the association between MAFLD and more severe COVID‐19, even after adjustment for confounding factors. It was also observed that an increasing hepatic fibrosis score is correlated with increasing severity of COVID‐19. Finally, younger age and obesity among MAFLD patients also led to a greater risk of severe illness.
Prophylactic central neck dissection has no advantage in patients with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to the lateral neck
Authors: Carmel‐Neiderman Narin N. , Mizrachi Aviram , Yaniv Dan , Vainer Igor , Muhanna Nidal , Abergel Avraham , Izhakov Elena , Robenshtok Eyal , Warshavsky Anton , Ringel Barak , Ungar Omer J. , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Hirsch Dania , Fliss Dan M. , Horowitz Gilad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) usually metastasizes via lymphatic channels in a sequential fashion, first to the central compartment, followed by the lateral neck. PTC patients diagnosed with lateral neck disease (N1b) without proof for central involvement traditionally undergo prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND). However, substantial evidence on outcomes to support this approach is lacking.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a dual center retrospective study to compare the rate of central neck recurrence between N1b PTC patients undergoing pCND and those spared pCND. All patients diagnosed with N1b PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and lateral neck dissections with or without pCND between January 1998 and December 2015 were included in this study. The rates of central neck recurrences were compared between the groups.ResultsThe 111 patients who met the inclusion criteria were 44 females (39.6%) and 67 males (60.4%), with a mean age of 50.2 ± 17.7 years, and a mean follow‐up of 10.2 ± 5.3 years. Sixty patients (54.1%) underwent a pCND and 51 patients (45.9%) did not (non‐pCND). During follow‐up, 18 patients (16.2%) had level VI recurrences, 13 in the pCND group and 5 in the non‐pCND group. Cox‐regression models with propensity scoring did not reveal any inclination or an advantage for performing pCND.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated no advantage in performing pCND to prevent central neck recurrence among PTC patients with lateral neck involvement only. These findings question the need for pCND in patients without clinical evidence of central neck disease.
Mechanically Induced Vasospasm‐Evaluation of Spasmolytic Efficacy of 10 Pharmaceutical Agents Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
Authors: Ma Qiming , Liu Donghong , Gong Renyan , Chen Shaofeng , Fang Fang , Zhuang Yuehong 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesVasospasm is a thorny problem often encountered in microvascular surgery that seriously threatens the survival of vascularized tissue transfers. This investigation is dedicated to establishing a model of vasospasm and to evaluating the antispasmodic efficacy of 10 pharmacologic agents.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighty Sprague–Dawley rats were used. After anesthesia and depilation, the femoral neurovascular bundle was exposed, and a pair of microsurgical forceps were used to trigger vasospasm of the femoral vessels by blunt dissection. Then, 10 pharmacological agents, namely, prostaglandin E1, sodium nitroprusside, magnesium sulfate, papaverine, normal saline, phentolamine, verapamil, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride, amrinone, and 12% lidocaine hydrochloride, were dripped to the femoral vessels, after which laser speckle contrast imaging was used to collect perfusion images, acquiring the perfusion and the inner caliber of the femoral vessels at multiple timepoints. Furthermore, blood perfusion and the time consumed to escape vasospasm and reach hyperperfusion in each group were calculated. The difference of spasmolytic efficacy among the agents was statistically analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsThere was a significant difference in antispasmodic ability among the 10 agents (P < 0.001). 10% magnesium sulfate and 12% lidocaine were distinguished among the 10 agents in resolving the vasospasm. 10% magnesium sulfate demonstrated the best antispasmodic potency, which enabled the shortest time consumed for vessels to escape spasm and reach hyperperfusion. 12% lidocaine ranked second in efficacy, demonstrating a similar effect except that it could not propel the femoral vein to a state of hyperperfusion. For the remaining agents, the time consumed for the artery to escape spasm was all significantly shortened when compared with normal saline (P < 0.001). For the venous spasm, all agents except prostaglandin E1 could significantly shorten the time consumed for the vein to escape spasm (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn terms of resolving mechanically induced vasospasm, 10% magnesium sulfate is the best antispasmodic, followed by 12% lidocaine. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Summenparameter bestimmen – im Labor und im Prozess
Authors: Hupach Sascha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBei der Bestimmung von Parametern wie dem Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff, TOC, liefert die Laboranalytik die sichereren Ergebnisse, dauert aber länger. Online‐Analytik ist schneller und ermöglicht schnelles Eingreifen und Korrigieren der Verfahrensparameter. Beide Ansätze sind keine Konkurrenten, sondern ergänzen einander.
Gutes tun für die Chemie: die Stiftungen bei der GDCh
Authors: Herr Jasmin Martha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDie GDCh verwaltet eine Reihe rechtlich unselbstständiger Stiftungen treuhänderisch. Aber warum eigentlich? Wer sind die Stifter? Und was ist die Aufgabe dieser Stiftungen?
Nachhaltigkeitsinitiative: Verantwortung übernehmen
Authors: Männig Detlef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDie Vereinten Nationen haben 17 Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung vereinbart, darunter Bildung, Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und Klimaschutz. Es ist nicht nur Aufgabe staatlicher Institutionen, daran zu arbeiten, dass die UN‐Staaten diese Ziele erreichen, sondern auch Unternehmen und Wissenschaftsorganisationen können dazu beitragen. Dafür gibt es Beispiele.
Parent and patient perceptions of medical marijuana in the childhood cancer context
Authors: Ananth Prasanna , Revette Anna , Reed‐Weston Anne , Das Porag , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical marijuana (MM) is legal in 34 US jurisdictions. Yet, little is known about patient and parent perceptions of MM in pediatric cancer care. We examined attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding MM among parents of children with cancer and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients, to help frame future research initiatives.ProcedureIn this qualitative study, we conducted semi‐structured, one‐on‐one interviews with parents and AYAs at a comprehensive cancer center. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and coded using both descriptive and inductive coding approaches. We used content and framework analysis to identify key themes.ResultsFifteen parents and 15 AYAs enrolled. Participants were generally receptive to MM use, concurrently weighing benefits and risks. Participants most often endorsed MM use for relief of nausea, anorexia, and pain. Simultaneously, participants identified concerns about MM, including potential physiologic and psychological effects on children and lack of research. However, concerns were frequently minimized, relative to chemotherapy or supportive care medications with perceived greater side effect profiles. Many participants expressed uncertainty regarding legal access, citing complex processes to obtain MM. Few participants had discussed MM with their oncologist, instead seeking guidance from the internet, family, or peers. Importantly, we elicited several misconceptions regarding MM, including its utility as cancer‐directed therapy.ConclusionPatients and families are receptive to using MM, motivated by potential for symptom relief and cancer‐directed effects. Yet, lack of empiric evidence is a barrier, underscoring the need for robust clinical trial data to support MM recommendations and use.
Differential item functioning of the Scales for Assessing Emotional Disturbance‐3 for White and African American students
Authors: Lambert Matthew C. , Martin Jodie , Epstein Michael H. , Cullinan Douglas , Katsiyannis Antonis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the psychometric properties of theScales for Assessing Emotional Disturbance – Third Edition: Rating Scale(SAED‐3 RS), which is designed for use in identifying students with emotional disturbance for special education services. The purposes of this study were to evaluate (a) the measurement invariance of SAED‐3 RS scores between White and African American students and (b) the impact of differential item functioning (DIF) on test scores from the SAED‐3 RS. The sample consisted of 855 K‐12 students from throughout the United States. The findings suggested that SAED‐3 RS items exhibited small to negligible levels of DIF and that DIF did not significantly impact scores. The results supported the SAED‐3 RS, a teacher‐completed rating scale, as relatively consistent in measuring the emotional and behavioral status of school‐age students from different racial backgrounds. Researchers and practitioners can have confidence that scores from the SAED‐3 RS are not substantially affected by DIF when assessing the emotional and behavioral functioning of African American and White school‐age students. Research limitations, future research, and implications for school professionals are discussed.
Thin Films of Thiophene Copolymer / Phenylated Fullerene: Fluorescence Dynamics, Surface Topography and Chemical Composition
Authors: Slusna Lenka Pribusova , Szocs Vojtech , Bondarev Dmitrij , Haizer Ludovit , Jerigova Monika , Drzik Milan , Repovsky Daniel , Lorenc Dusan , Velic Dusan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSystem of thiophene‐based polymer (P33) donor and fullerene acceptor is studied for prospective applications in organic photovoltaics. The films of P33 and P33/PCBM are characterized by absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence, AFM, CV and SIMS. PCBM quenches fluorescence of the blend and results in blue shift from 524 nm to 505 nm, indicating the charge transfer. The global ultrafast fluorescence decay times τ1 for P33 and P33/PCBM are 8.9 ps and 3.8 ps, respectively, describing self‐trapped exciton relaxation. The topography of P33 and P33/PCBM was studied by AFM and fluorescence dynamics is correlated with surface topography. Scans of P33/PCBM with average roughness of 5.3 nm reveal flatter surface than P33. These results suggest that the flatter surface and also proposed flatter internal structure in more organized nano‐domains promote the faster fluorescence dynamics. The study of P33/PCBM blend film provides correlation between the dynamics and the structure.
Immobilizing Polysulfide by In Situ Topochemical Oxidation Derivative TiC@Carbon‐Included TiO2 Core–Shell Sulfur Hosts for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Yuan Wei , Yang Yang , Chen Yu , Tang Zhenghua , Wang Chun , Yuan Yuhang , Ye Yintong , Wu Yaopeng , Tang Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is greatly hindered by the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To address this issue, in situ topochemical oxidation derivative TiC@carbon‐included TiO2 (TiC@C‐TiO2) core–shell composite is designed and proposed as a multifunctional sulfur host, which integrates the merits of conductive TiC core to facilitate the redox reaction kinetics of sulfur species, and porous C‐TiO2 shell to suppress the dissolution and shuttling of LiPSs through chemisorption. A unique dual chemical mediation mechanism is demonstrated for the proposed TiC@C‐TiO2 composite that synergistically entraps LiPSs through thiosulfate/polythionate conversion coupled with strong polar–polar interaction. The morphological characterization reveals that the TiC@C‐TiO2‐based cathode can well regulate the distribution of electrode materials to retard their accumulation inside the electrode, ensuring effective contact between the active materials and electrolyte. Based on its unique function and structure, the cathode delivers an improved capacity of 1256 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, a remarkable rate capability of 643 mAh g−1, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.065% per cycle at 2C over 900 cycles. This work not only demonstrates a dual chemical mediation mechanism to immobilize LiPSs, but also provides a universal strategy to construct multifunctional sulfur hosts for advanced Li–S batteries.
Nonlocal and nonlinear effects in hyperbolic heat transfer in a two-temperature model
Authors: Sellitto A. , Carlomagno I. , Di Domenico M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe correct analysis of heat transport at nanoscale is one of the main reasons of new developments in physics and nonequilibrium thermodynamic theories beyond the classical Fourier law. In this paper, we provide a two-temperature model which allows to describe the different regimes which electrons and phonons can undergo in the heat transfer phenomenon. The physical admissibility of that model is showed in view of second law of thermodynamics. The above model is applied to study the propagation of heat waves in order to point out the special role played by nonlocal and nonlinear effects.
News on Baer–Nunziato-type model at pressure equilibrium
Authors: Hantke M. , Müller S. , Grabowsky L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA six-equation Baer–Nunziato model at pressure equilibrium for two ideal gases is derived from a full non-equilibrium model by applying an asymptotic pressure expansion. Conditions on the interfacial pressure are provided that ensure hyperbolicity of the reduced model. Closure conditions for the relaxation terms are given that ensure consistency of the model with the second law of thermodynamics.
Recommendations for return to sports after total hip arthroplasty are becoming less restrictive as implants improve
Authors: Vu-Han T. , Hardt S. , Ascherl R. , Gwinner C. , Perka C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries are expected to exponentially increase in the upcoming years, likely because of the overall broader indication of THAs. With these developments, an increasing number of younger (< 50 years) and active patients will receive surgical interventions, and expectations for an active lifestyle will accordingly increase. In addition, surgeons now have a growing array of techniques and implant materials to choose from. Despite these developments, evidence to provide the best standard-of-care to patients with high expectations for return to sports (RTS) is scarce and urgently needed. What recommendations do arthroplasty surgeons currently make to patients with high return to sports expectations, what factors may influence their recommendations and what surgical techniques and implant specifications are considered favorable in the treatment of patients with a more active lifestyle? This study was conducted to analyze the current recommendations, patient assessment, and patient counseling after THA to identify trends and relevant factors for surgical decision-making in patients with high-RTS expectations.Material and methodsWe designed a questionnaire comprising five general items and 19 specific items that included 46 sub-items for hip arthroplasty and conducted a survey among 300 German surgeons specialized in arthroplasty at the German Arthroplasty Society (AE) to assess expert opinions, recommendations, surgical decision-making, and patient counseling for patients with high expectations for RTS after THA.ResultsThe majority of surgeons (81.9%) were in favor of RTS after THA. Risks associated with sports after THA were considered minimal (1%), with periprosthetic fractures ranking highest, followed by hip dislocation and polyethylene wear. Some surgical decision-making was influenced by high-RTS expectations in regard to implant fixation, stem type, femoral head diameter, and bearing-surface tribology. We observed an increasingly liberal counseling of patients for high-impact sports.ConclusionWith the improvement of implants and surgical techniques, surgeons are more willing to encourage patients to adopt a more active lifestyle. However, the true long-term limitations need further investigation in future studies.Level of evidence5 Expert opinions.
Secondary epiretinal membrane after Ex-Press glaucoma filtration device implant
Authors: Loiudice Pasquale , Sartini Francesco , Figus Michele , Nardi Marco , Posarelli Chiara , Casini Giamberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To estimate the frequency of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with Ex-Press shunt implant. Secondarily, we aimed to assess the role of concomitant cataract surgery and the impact of the ERM on central foveal thickness and macular volume.

Methods
In this prospective, consecutive, case-control study, we enrolled 54 patients affected by PAOG and scheduled for Ex-Press device implant with or without contemporary phacoemulsification. Contralateral eyes affected by POAG and receiving anti-glaucomatous eyedrops constituted the control group. Complete ophthalmologic evaluation and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results
Twenty-six eyes received the Ex-Press implant alone, and 28 eyes underwent the combined procedure. Six months postoperatively, we observed 18 (33%) cases of ERM: 15 (28%) of cellophane macular reflex (CMR) and 3 (6%) of pre-macular fibrosis (PMF). In the control group, 9 (17%) eyes developed an ERM: 8 (15%) were CMR, and 1 (2%) was PMF. The frequency of ERM statistically differs between treated and contralateral eyes (P = 0.032, χ2 test). The ERM frequency did not statically differ between eyes subjected to simple or combined surgery (P = 0.846, χ2 test). Mean central foveal thickness and mean macular volume did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion
The Ex-Press glaucoma shunt may increase the risk of ERM onset regardless of the concomitant cataract surgery; however, most cases were cellophane macular reflex with limited functional and anatomical impact.