bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving decision making through presentation of viscoelastic tests as a 3D animated blood clot: the Visual Clot
Authors: Rössler J. , Meybohm P. , Spahn D. R. , Zacharowski K. , Braun J. , Nöthiger C. B. , Tscholl D. W. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPoint‐of‐care viscoelastic coagulation tests are used increasingly and enable physicians to run precise whole blood coagulation diagnostics. However, the somewhat complicated and abstract presentation of results may hinder these advantages. For this reason, we developed the Visual Clot as an alternative mode of presentation for thrombelastometric data. An algorithm takes existing parameters from rotational thromboelastometry and creates a visual representation in the form of an animated blood clot named ‘Visual Clot’. In a prospective international dual‐centre study, 60 physicians were presented with rotational thromboelastometry results in the standard way or as a Visual Clot. They were then asked to make therapeutic decisions based on pathological findings. Overall proportion of correct therapeutic decisions was median (IQR [range] 100 (83–100 [39–100]) % for Visual Clot vs. 44 (25–50 [0–83]) % for standard rotational thromboelastometry presentation of results, p < 0.001. Mixed regression models yielded a mean OR (95%CI) 22.1 (13.4–36.5), p < 0.001 for correct decisions with the Visual Clot compared with standard rotational thromboelastometry, with an 18.7 (16.4–21.1), p < 0.001 second decrease in decision time. Perceived cognitive work‐load was lower, and participants rated their diagnostic confidence to be higher with the Visual Clot, both p < 0.001. Although correct interpretation of standard rotational thromboelastometry results depended on previous rotational thromboelastometry knowledge and experience, Visual Clot interpretation did not. The Visual Clot improved rotational thromboelastometry‐based therapeutic decisions, as pathologies can be recognised more rapidly and accurately. These findings underline the significance of an alternative additional visualisation technique that simplifies the interpretation of abstract standard data.
Validation of ultrasound biomicroscopy for the assessment of xenogeneic testis tissue grafts and cell implants in recipient mice
Authors: Fayaz Mohammad Amin , Awang‐Junaidi Awang Hazmi , Singh Jaswant , Honaramooz Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous grafting/implantation of neonatal testis tissue/cells from diverse donor species into recipient mice can be used as an in vivo model to study testis development, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) allows obtaining high definition cross‐sectional images of tissues at microscopic resolutions.ObjectivesThe present study was designed to (a) validate the use of UBM for non‐invasive monitoring of grafts/implants overtime and to (b) correlate UBM findings with the morphological attributes of recovered grafts/implants.Materials and methodsTestis tissue fragments (~14 mm3, each) and cell aggregates (100 × 106 cells, each) obtained from 1‐week‐old donor piglets (n = 30) were grafted/implanted under the back skin of immunodeficient mice (n = 6) in eight analogous sites per mouse. Three‐dimensional transcutaneous Doppler UBM was performed, and a randomly selected graft and its corresponding implant were recovered at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks.ResultsGraft/implant weight (P = .04) and physical height (P = .03) increased overtime. The dynamics of physical length and volume increases over time differed between tissue grafts and cell implants (P = .02 and 0.01 for sample type*time interactions, respectively). UBM‐estimated volume was correlated with the post‐recovery weight and volume of the grafts/implants (r = 0.98 and r = 0.99, respectively; P < .001). Pre‐ and post‐recovery length and height of the grafts/implants were positively and strongly correlated (r = 0.50, P = .01; r = 0.70, P = .001) and so were the areas covered by cordal, non‐cordal, or fluid‐filled cavities between UBM and histology (r = 0.87, P < .001).Discussion and conclusionUBM findings correlated with physical attributes of the grafts/implants, validating its use as a non‐invasive high‐fidelity tool to quantify the developmental changes in ectopic testis tissue grafts and cell implants, potentially leading to a reduction in the number of recipient mice needed for similar experiments.
Effect of phacoemulsification cataract surgery on intraocular pressure in early glaucoma: A prospective multi‐site study
Authors: Qassim Ayub , Walland Mark J. , Landers John , Awadalla Mona , Nguyen Thi , Loh Jason , Schulz Angela M. , Ridge Bronwyn , Galanopoulos Anna , Agar Ashish , Hewitt Alex W. , Graham Stuart L. , Healey Paul R. , Casson Robert J. , Craig Jamie E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportanceCataract and primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) commonly co‐exist, and cataract surgery is thought to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), the major modifiable risk factor of POAG.BackgroundPrevious studies exploring the effect of cataract surgery on IOP are limited by retrospective design, lack of a control group, medication use and washout and loss to follow up.DesignProspective, multicentre, matched case‐control Australian study.Participants171 eyes of 108 POAG patients who underwent cataract surgery, matched to 171 control eyes.MethodsSerial longitudinal IOP measurements were compared before and after cataract surgery, and relative to the controls. A mixed‐effect model was used for the longitudinal data.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in IOP.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 4.8 (1.4) years. Cataract surgery reduced mean IOP by 2.22 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 1.93‐2.52 mmHg, P < .001) with 59 eyes (34%) achieving at least 3 mmHg reduction. Compared to matched controls, the mean reduction in IOP was 1.75 mmHg (95% confidence interval 1.15‐2.33 mmHg; P < .001). Higher preoperative IOP and being on fewer topical glaucoma medications preoperatively were strongly predictive of a larger IOP reduction in a multivariable model. Anterior chamber depth was not associated with IOP reduction. Eyes with preoperative IOP ≥24 mmHg had a mean IOP reduction of 4.03 mmHg with 81% experiencing at least 3 mmHg reduction. Sub‐analysis of medication naïve and pseudoexfoliation patients showed similar results.Conclusions and RelevanceCataract surgery has a confirmed effect in reducing IOP in a “real world” setting of early glaucoma patients.
Direct bridging to cardiac transplantation with the surgically implanted Impella 5.0 device
Authors: Seese Laura , Hickey Gavin , Keebler Mary E. , Mathier Michael A. , Sultan Ibrahim , Gleason Thomas G. , Toma Catalin , Kilic Arman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated outcomes of direct bridging to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) with the Impella 5.0 device. Adult recipients in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry bridged to OHT with the Impella 5.0 device between 2010 to 2018 were included. Outcomes included waitlist and post‐transplant survival. A total of 236 patients were wait‐listed with Impella 5.0 support, and 24% (n = 57) underwent bridge to OHT. Early and late post‐transplant survival was excellent at 96.5% at 30 day, 93.8% at 90‐day, and 90.3% at 1‐year follow‐up. Post‐transplant complications were infrequent, but the most common were renal failure requiring dialysis (8.8%, n = 5), cerebrovascular accidents (1.8%, n = 1), and pacemaker implant (1.8%, n = 1). The rate of waitlist removal for death or clinical deterioration was 20.0% (n = 47); however, the majority of patients were bridged to OHT (24%, n = 57) or durable continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (37.0%, n = 87). The median time supported on the device, while waitlisted was 13 days (Interquartile range [IQR] 7, 20 days). The Impella 5.0 device can be used as a direct bridge to OHT with excellent survival and minimal post‐transplant morbidity. Overall, these data support the utilization of Impella 5.0 as a bridge to OHT in select patients with refractory cardiogenic shock.
SUDEP among young adults in the San Diego County Medical Examiner Office
Authors: Karlovich Esma , Devinsky Orrin , Brandsoy Michael , Friedman Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcess mortality due to epilepsy is greatest among young adults. However, the relative proportions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and other epilepsy‐related causes of death are not well defined. We prospectively adjudicated cause of death in all 18‐ to 45‐year‐olds with a history of seizure/epilepsy who underwent medicolegal investigation in San Diego County between 2014 and 2017. We identified 108 decedents with definite or probable epilepsy; 62% died from an epilepsy‐related cause. SUDEP accounted for 42.6% (N = 46) of deaths, which were usually unwitnessed deaths, at home in bed. Other frequent causes of death were drug overdose (N = 23), suicide (N = 8), trauma (N = 8), and drowning (N = 6). SUDEP autopsies were similar to those of decedents from other causes. Most deaths in young adults with epilepsy that undergo medico‐legal investigation are epilepsy‐related, and SUDEP is the leading cause. Improved seizure control can potentially save many lives.
The effect of basalt fibres on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture
Authors: Pirmohammad Sadjad , Amani Behzad , Shokorlou Yousef Majd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of basalt fibres on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture. For this purpose, basalt fibres with three different contents (i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of asphalt mixture) and lengths (ie, 4, 8, and 12 mm) are incorporated into asphalt mixture to prepare fibre‐reinforced asphalt mixtures. Fracture tests are then carried out on these mixtures under four different modes of loading (i.e., pure mode I, pure mode II, and two mixed modes of I/II) using semicircular bend (SCB) specimens. The results exhibit that the fracture toughness increases with the enhancement of the fibre content. In addition, increase in the length of basalt fibre results in reduction of the fracture toughness of asphalt mixture. However, the asphalt mixture containing 0.3% of basalt fibres with the length of 4 mm shows the highest fracture toughness compared with other mixtures. It is also found that the basalt fibre improves mode I fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures more significantly than mode II one. Statistical analysis is also performed on the experimental data. Analysis of ANOVA demonstrates that all the three factors investigated in this study (i.e., length of basalt fibre, content of basalt fibre, and mode of loading) have significant influence on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures.
Exploring factors influencing initiation, implementation and discontinuation of medications in adults with ADHD
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Aslani Parisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to ADHD medication is a complex phenomenon as the decision to adhere is influenced by a range of factors. To design tailored interventions to promote adherence, it is important to understand the factors that influence adherence in the context of its three phases: initiation, implementation and discontinuation.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the phase‐specific factors that influence adherence to medication in adults who have a diagnosis of ADHD.MethodsThree focus groups (FGs) were conducted with twenty adults with ADHD in different metropolitan areas of Sydney, Australia. FGs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants’ decision to initiate medication (the initiation phase) was influenced by their perceived needs (desire to improve academic and social functioning) and concerns (fear of side‐effects) about medication following a similar process as defined by the Necessity‐Concerns Framework (NCF). The balance between benefits of medication (needs) and side‐effects (concerns) continued to determine participants’ daily medication‐taking (the implementation phase) and persistence (or discontinuation) with their medication. Forgetfulness and stigma were reported as concerns negatively impacting the implementation phase, while medication cost and dependence influenced the discontinuation phase of adherence.ConclusionsAdults’ decision to initiate, continue or discontinue medication is influenced by a range of factors; some are unique to each phase while some are common across the phases. Participants balanced the needs for the medication against their concerns in determining whether to adhere to medication at each phase. It appears that the NCF has applicability when decision making about medication is explored at the three phases of adherence.
Avian influenza at animal‐human interface: One‐health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan
Authors: Chaudhry Mamoona , Webby Richard , Swayne David , Rashid Hamad Bin , DeBeauchamp Jennifer , Killmaster Lindsay , Criado Miria Ferreira , Lee Dong‐Hun , Webb Ashley , Yousaf Shumaila , Asif Muhammad , Ain Qurat ul , Khan Mirwaise , Ilyas Khan Muhammad , Hasan Saima , Yousaf Arfat , Mushtaque Abida , Bokhari Syeda Fakhra , Hasni Muhammad Sajid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLive poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan.ObjectivesThe current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers.MethodsA field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro‐neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors.ResultsIn butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9. Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9. Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of co‐circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
A novel measurement instrument for pressure‐injury risk assessment competence: Theoretical procedures, simulation, and psychometric quality
Authors: Moura Elaine C. Carvalho , Peres Aida M. , Caliri Maria H. L. , Lopez Violeta , F. Soares Samuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study developed a measuring instrument of pressure‐injury risk assessment competence for nursing education adopting theoretical procedures based on competence structuration to support the psychometric quality. The objective of this study is testing the psychometric properties of the instrument using simulation strategy and to determine the instrument's standardisation and normalisation. A methodological study was designed. The instrument was developed by a content‐validated theoretical construct administered to 155 undergraduate nursing students from universities in the northeast and south of Brazil using simulation. The instrument was applied over three phases: before the lecture on pressure‐injury risk assessment competence, after scenario of simulation experience, and after debriefing experience. The instrument comprised 32 items. The factorial analysis found that three domains explained 64.6% and 62.18% of the total variance in post‐scenario and debriefing cases. The perfect and very high discrimination index of the instrument indicated minimal differences in measured latent trait levels. It also found that reliability was excellent (0.973 and 0.967). Moreover, an equation applicable to instruments using study's theoretical procedure was proposed. The instrument was found to be a valid, accurate, and reliable educational tool for pressure‐injury risk assessment competence.
Dermoscopy and VISIA imager evaluations of non‐insulated microneedle radiofrequency versus fractional CO2 laser treatments of striae distensae
Authors: Al‐Muriesh M. , Huang C.‐Z. , Ye Z. , Yang J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundsStriae distensae (SD) has a known psychological impact due to the resulting cosmetic disfigurement. Many treatment modalities have been used over the years, but no standard interventions or evaluation methods have been proposed to date.ObjectiveWe compared the efficacy and safety of non‐insulated microneedle radiofrequency (NIMRF) and fractional CO2 laser treatments of SD by objective measurements with dermoscopy and VISIA.MethodsFourteen females with severe SD were enrolled. These subjects had been treated three sessions of NIMRF and fractional CO2 laser for the right and left abdomen, respectively. Dermoscopy and VISIA imaging data, and photographs were collected at baseline and 2 months after the last treatment session. The global aesthetic improvement scale (GIAS) was scored by patients, and blinded investigators, pain score and satisfaction score were also documented. Any side effects were recorded.ResultsTen patients completed the study. The GIAS from investigators and patients showed an overall improvement but without a significant difference (P = 0.18, P = 0.17, respectively). The decreased width measured by dermoscopy was between 5% and 32% (right side) and 6–31% (left side). There was no significant difference between both sides in either the per‐protocol or intention to treat analyses (P = 0.149, P = 0.161, respectively). The mean pain score was 5.35 and 2.35 on the right side and left side, respectively, which was significant (P = 0.0016). Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) manifested in six patients on their left sides and four patients on their right sides. In most cases, this had resolved by the 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionNon‐insulated microneedle radiofrequency and fractional CO2 laser are both effective and safe treatment options for SD. PIH is a possible side effect but is more likely with fractional CO2 laser treatment. However, it clears up in most cases. Dermoscopy and VISIA are both convenient, digitalized methods of tracking subtle changes and monitoring the efficacy of SD treatments.
Phasic and tonic serotonin modulate alarm reactions and post‐exposure behavior in zebrafish
Authors: Lima‐Maximino Monica , Pyterson Maryana Pereira , do Carmo Silva Rhayra Xavier , Gomes Gabriela Cristini Vidal , Rocha Sueslene Prado , Herculano Anderson Manoel , Rosemberg Denis Broock , Maximino Caio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent theories on the role of serotonin (5‐HT) in vertebrate defensive behavior suggest that this monoamine increases anxiety but decreases fear, by acting at different levels of the neuroaxis. This paradoxical, dual role of 5‐HT suggests that a serotonergic tone inhibits fear responses, while an acute increase in 5‐HT would produce anxiety‐like behavior. However, so far no evidence for a serotonergic tone has been found. Using zebrafish alarm responses, we investigate the participation of phasic and tonic 5‐HT levels in fear‐like behavior, as well as in behavior after stimulation. Conspecific alarm substance (CAS) increased bottom‐dwelling and erratic swimming, and animals transferred to a novel environment after CAS exposure (post‐exposure behavior) showed increased bottom‐dwelling and freezing. Clonazepam blocked CAS effects during and after exposure. Acute fluoxetine dose‐dependently decreased fear‐like behavior, but increased post‐exposure freezing. Metergoline had no effect on fear‐like behavior, but blocked the effects of CAS on post‐exposure behavior; similar effects were observed with para‐chlorophenylalanine. Finally, CAS was shown to decrease the activity of monoamine oxidase in the zebrafish brain after exposure. These results suggest that phasic and tonic serotonin encode an aversive expectation value, switching behavior toward cautious exploration/risk assessment/anxiety when the aversive stimulus is no longer present.
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The use of 4% hydroquinone, 0.1% tretinoin, and 0.1% betamethasone creams to prevent hyperpigmentation of split‐thickness skin grafts in Long‐Evans rats
Authors: Ozbey Rafet , Okur Mehmet Ihsan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in the pigmentation of skin grafts during the healing process is a cosmetic problem. There are a variety of medical and surgical treatment options for skin graft darkening.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of topical hydroquinone, tretinoin, and betamethasone application on hyperpigmentation of skin grafts.MethodsA skin defect was created on the backs of 17 Long‐Evans rats, and a 2 × 2 cm split‐thickness skin graft was sutured. After 15 days, eight rats in the treatment group were treated with application of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and betamethasone cream, while nine rats in the control group were not treated. Visual evaluation was performed on days 45 and 75 using the Melasma Severity Scale (MSS), and histological evaluation was performed on day 75 using S100 and Masson Fontana (MF) staining. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsMean MSS values of the treatment group on days 45 were significantly lower compared to the control group (P = .036). On day 75, the mean MSS score of the treatment group was also lower; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .302). Histological evaluation of S100 and MF staining scores of the treatment group showed fewer melanocytes and fewer pigments in epidermis (P = .009 and P = .002, respectively).ConclusionsThis study showed that topical application of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and betamethasone reduced the hyperpigmentation, number of melanocytes, and melanin pigment intensity that developed on the rat skin graft models. Clinical studies are needed to assess whether a similar effect could be observed with human skin grafts.
Injectable eprinomectin for cattle: Tick efficacy and pharmacokinetics
Authors: do Nascimento Cristiano Grisi , Bragaglia Gabrielle , Toma Sandra Barioni , de Souza Magalhães Viviane , Cid Yara Peluso , Scott Fabio Barbour 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM) against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle of a new injectable form of EPM (Voss Performa®). The product was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 μg EPM/kg, in a single dose. The efficacy of EPM against R. microplus in cattle was evaluated through field and stall tests. Studies were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of EPM with the purpose of better understanding the kinetics of the formulation. The formulation was effective in controlling R. microplus in both naturally and artificially infested cattle, providing efficacy greater than 95%. The results of pharmacokinetic study were Cmax of 47.15 ± 22.20 ng/ml, Tmax of 1.33 ± 0.492 days, T1/2 of 2.96 ± 1.212 days, AUC0–t of 228.08 ± 57.30 ng day ml−1, and AUC0‐∞ of 240.50 ± 58.44 ng day ml−1. Therefore, the new injectable EPM formulation becomes an important alternative for the control of cattle tick in Brazil.