bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LCAT Deficiency in Amerindian Populations: A Systematic Review With the Clinical and Genetic Description of Mexican Kindred
Authors: Mehta Roopa , Elías-López Daniel , Martagón Alexandro J , Pérez-Méndez Oscar A , Ordóñez-Sánchez María L , Segura Yayoi , Tusié María Teresa , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: LCAT deficiency is a rare disease, characterized by two distinct phenotypes, familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and Fish Eye disease (FED). There is little knowledge of LCAT deficiency syndromes in Amerindian populations. We present the results of the first systematic review evaluating the ethnic distribution of LCAT deficiency, with particular emphasis on Latin America and discuss the case histories of three Mexican-Mestizo probands. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA Statement in Pubmed and SciELO. Articles which described subjects with LCAT deficiency syndromes and an assessment of the ethnic group to which the subject pertained, were considered for analysis. Results: In our region, 47 cases of LCAT deficiency have been published from six countries (Argentina (1 unclassified), Brazil (38 FLD), Chile (1 FLD), Columbia (1 FLD), Ecuador (1 FLD) and Mexico (4 FLD, 1 FED and 1 unclassified). In Mexico, one of the FLD probands’ showed a novel mutation; this patient came from an isolated village in the south of Mexico, with little genetic admixture in this region.The systematic review revealed 215 cases of LCAT deficiency (154 FLD, 41 FED and 20 unclassified) in at least 33 ethnic/racial groups (predominantly Caucasian). In addition, at least 138 different mutations in the LCAT gene have been identified. There was no association between genetic alteration and ethnicity. The mean age of diagnosis was 42 ± 16.5 years, with FED identified significantly later than FLD (55 ± 13.8 vs. 41 ± 14.7 years respectively). The prevalence of premature coronary heart disease was significantly greater in FED vs. FLD (p=0.00). Conclusion: The systematic review shows that LCAT deficiency syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. We were unable to confirm any association between ethnicity and LCAT mutation. However, we were able to show a significantly greater risk of premature coronary artery disease in FED compared to FLD. In FLD, the emphasis should be in preventing progression of renal disease, while in FED, cardiovascular risk management should be the priority. The LCAT mutations discussed in this article are the only ones reported in the Mexican- Amerindian population.
Reversed L-shaped Association Between Baseline Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Short-Term Risk of First Stroke in Patients With Hypertension: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Lihua , Bi Chonglei , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Zhang Yue , Wang Binyan , Fang Chongqian , Ma Hai , Huang Xiao , Zhang Yan , Bao Huihui , Li Ping , Xu Xiping , Wang Xiaobin , Cheng Xiaoshu , Huo Yong , Li Jianping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is available as a noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness. However, little information is available on the association between baPWV and the short-term risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. Therefore, our current study aimed to assess the association between baseline baPWV and short-term risk of first stroke. We were particularly interested in identifying those individuals at high risk of developing stroke among patients with hypertension.Methods: From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017, a total of 9787 individuals without preexisting stroke from the China Hypertension Registry Study were included in this analysis. Follow-up continued until December 31, 2018. The primary outcome was first stroke. The crude and adjusted risks of first stroke were estimated by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models, without or with adjusting for pertinent covariates, respectively.Results: During a median follow-up of 20.8 months, there were 138 total first strokes including 123 first ischemic strokes and 15 first hemorrhagic strokes. Smooth curve showed that the relationship between baPWV and risk of first stroke and first ischemic stroke was curvilinear and reversed L-shaped. High baPWV levels (≥ 21.31 m/s) was associated with increased risk of first stroke (HR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.05-2.21) and first ischemic stroke (HR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.03-2.26) compared to low baPWV levels (< 21.31 m/s). E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding. Our findings may propose the applicability of baPWV measurement for prediction of stroke development, especially in subjects with a low cardiovascular (CVD) risk.Conclusions: High baPWV levels (≥ 21.31 m/s) were associated with increased the short-term risk of first stroke among Chinese hypertensive adults, compared to low baPWV levels, supporting a reversed L-shaped association. Our findings warrant additional investigation.
Microbiota Dynamics in Semi-Solid Fermentation of Light-Flavor Liquor with Corn as Main Material by Illumina Miseq Sequencing
Authors: Liu Xiao , Ma Rufei , Hu Jinrong , Zhou Xia , Wang Mengya , Zhang Jingsheng , Liu Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Light-flavor liquor, with ethyl acetate as the main aroma component, is regarded as one of the four basic types in china. The traditional solid-state fermentation has a long period and a complicated process, but the content of esters and acids in liquid fermentation is not as good as that in solid-state fermentation. In this study, according to the methods of solid fermentation and liquid fermentation, the semi-solid fermentation of light-flavor liquor was simulated with optimized fermentation conditions, using corn and sorghum as brewing materials (corn: sorghum=7: 3). Furthermore, the bacterial and fungal community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Results: The physical and chemical results showed that the content of reducing sugar, alcohol and ethyl acetate first increased and then decreased, while the contents of reducing sugar, alcohol and ethyl acetate reached the peak at 1 d, 11 d and 20 d, respectively. The Illumina MiSeq Sequencing results showed that Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae were the dominant bacteria on the family level. Moreover, Pediococcus and Weissella were the main bacteria on the genera level. Meanwhile, 4 fungal phyla were identified with Ascomycota (83.6-99.99%) as the dominant phyla. There were 5 species of fungi with the relative abundance over 1.00%, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were the main species. From the 3rd day, the relative abundance of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera decreased rapidly to 2.4%, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae (up to 99.2%) became the absolute dominant fungus species. The results of Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that starch and reducing sugar had a significant influence on Pediococcus. Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was most affected by starch. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was most affected by alcohol. Conclusions: Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Pediococcus were positively correlated to starch and reducing sugar, highlighting their important roles in the starch saccharification. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contributed to the glycolysis and esterification，because they were positively correlated to alcohol and total acid. Nevertheless, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the dominant fungus, had maintained a high abundance during the whole fermentation. This study could provide new insights to design new processes for semi-solid fermentation and improve the quality and controllability of liquor production.
Evaluation of Non-invasive Imaging Parameters in Coronary Microvascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Groepenhoff Floor , Klaassen R.G.M. , Valstar G.B. , Bots S.H. , Onland-Moret N.C. , Ruijter H.M. Den , Leiner T. , Eikendal A.L.M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important underlying cause of angina pectoris. Currently, no diagnostic tool is available to directly visualize the coronary microvasculature. Invasive microvascular reactivity testing is the diagnostic standard for CMD, but several non-invasive imaging techniques are being evaluated. However, evidence on reported non-invasive parameters and cut-off values is limited. Thus, we aimed to provide an overview of reported non-invasive parameters and corresponding cut-off values for CMD.Methods: Pubmed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies enrolling patients with angina pectoris without obstructed coronary arteries, investigating at least one non-invasive imaging technique to quantify CMD. Methodological quality assessment of included studies was performed using QUADAS-2.Results: Thirty-six studies were included. Nine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies reported MPRI (n = 9) and nine positron emission tomography (PET) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) studies reported CFR. Mean MPRI ranged from 1.47 ± 0.36 to 1.83 ± 0.50 in patients and from 1.50 ± 0.47 to 2.23 ± 0.37 in healthy controls. Reported mean CFR in PET and TTE ranged from 1.39 ± 0.31 to 2.85 ± 1.35 and 1.69 ± 0.40 to 2.40 ± 0.40 for patients, and 2.68 ± 0.83 to 4.32 ± 1.78 and 2.65 ± 0.65 to 3.31 ± 1.10 for controls, respectively.Conclusions: This systematic review summarized current evidence on reported parameters and cut-off values to diagnose CMD for various non-invasive imaging modalities. Nonetheless, standardization of methodology and reporting of outcome measures is required to provide clinically applicable reference values.
Prevalence of Abnormal and Borderline Electrocardiogram Changes in 13, 079 Chinese Amateur Marathon Runners
Authors: Wen Xu , Huang Yumin , Shen Tonghui , Gong Yinglan , Dong Ruiqing , Xia Ling , xie tiansheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of normal, borderline and abnormal ECG changes in marathon runners. The 12-lead ECG data of 13,079 amateur marathon runners between the ages of 18 and 35 years were included for analysis. The prevalence of ECG abnormalities among different gender groups was compared with chi-square tests. In terms of training-related changes, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia and left ventricular high voltage were found in approximately 15%, 5% and 3.28% of the participants, respectively. The incidence of right axis deviation in the marathon runners was 1.78%, which was slightly higher than the incidence of left axis deviation (0.88%). No more than 0.1% of the amateur marathon runners exhibited ST segment depression, T wave inversion (TWI), premature ventricular contraction, pathologic Q waves and prolonged QT interval. In conclusion, training-related ECG changes, including sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia and left ventricular high voltage, were common in the amateur marathon runners. Most of abnormal ECG changes, including ST segment depression, TWI, premature ventricular contraction, pathologic Q waves and prolonged QT interval, were infrequently found in the amateur marathon runners.
The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in obesity-related disease: a cross sectional-analysis
Authors: Sabag Angelo , Keating Shelley E. , Way Kimberley L. , Sultana Rachelle N. , Lanting Sean M. , Twigg Stephen M. , Johnson Nathan A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) often coincide with improvements in insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipid content (IHL). The aim of this study was to examine the association between CRF, IHL, and insulin resistance in inactive adults with obesity and with or without type 2 diabetes, via cross-sectional design.Methods: CRF was determined via a graded exercise test. IHL was assessed via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and insulin resistance was assessed via homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants were stratified into CRF quartiles and analysis of variance was employed to determine significant differences in IHL%, HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic outcomes between CRF quartiles. Results: Seventy-two adults (46% male) with a mean age of 49 ± 10 years, IHL of 8.37 ± 6.90%, and CRF of 21.52 ± 3.77 mL/kg/min participated in this study. CRF was inversely associated with IHL (r= -0.28, p=0.019) and HOMA-IR (r= -0.40, p<0.001). Participants with the lowest CRF had significantly higher IHL% and HOMA-IR than those with the highest CRF (+5.31%, p = 0.021; +2.50, p = 0.001, respectively). Participants with the lowest CRF also had significantly greater cardiovascular and inflammatory abnormalities than those with the highest CRF.Conclusion: CRF was inversely associated with IHL and HOMA-IR and participants with the highest levels of CRF had significantly lower cardiometabolic risk than those with the lowest levels of fitness. Improving CRF should remain a key therapeutic target for the management of obesity-related disease.
Superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation minimises diaphragm, bronchus, and mediastinum motion during one-lung flooding
Authors: Lesser Thomas Günther , Wolfram Frank , Braun Conny , Gottschall Reiner 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: One-lung flooding (OLF) represents an ideal acoustic pathway for focused ultrasound ablation of lung tumours. Despite stabilization of the adjacent hemidiaphragm by OLF, standard pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) of the contralateral lung causes an unacceptable movement of the flooded lung. We examined whether superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) reduces lung motion compared to PCV during OLF.Methods: The study included 15 pigs: 10 underwent OLF; 5 controls underwent two-lung ventilation without OLF. Using ultrasound, diaphragm displacement on the flooded lung side was measured during PCV and SHFJV in the left lateral (LLP), supine (SP), and right lateral positions (RLP). Bronchus and mediastinum displacements were measured in the right lateral position. Results: Diaphragm displacement on the flooded lung side was significantly reduced during SHFJV, compared with PCV, in all animal positions (LLP: 7 mm [4.75–8.0] vs. 17 mm [14.75–19.0], P = 0.0039; SP: 4 mm [3.75–4.25] vs. 17 mm [16.0–18.5], P = 0.0039; RLP: 8 mm [5.75–9.0] vs. 20 mm [14.0–23.25], P = 0.0078). Displacement of both the bronchus and mediastinum were significantly reduced during SHFJV, compared with PCV, in RLP (bronchus: 2.0 mm [1.75–2.25] vs. 3.0 mm [2.75–3.0], P = 0.027; mediastinum: 4.5 mm [4.0–5.0] vs. 10 mm [7.0–10.0], P = 0.0078; Figs. 5, 6). Conclusion: Thus, SHFJV minimises diaphragm, bronchus, and mediastinum motion during OLF, which is a prerequisite for effective lung tumour ablation.
A Robot Goes to Rehab: A Novel Gamified System for Stroke Rehabilitation using a Socially Assistive Robot: Methodology &amp; Feasibility Testing
Authors: Polak Ronit Feingold , Levy-Tzedek Shelly 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Socially assistive robots (SARs) have been proposed as a tool to help individuals who have had a stroke to perform their exercise during their rehabilitation process. Methods: Here, we describe a robot-based gamified exercise platform, which we developed for long-term post-stroke rehabilitation. The platform uses the humanoid robot Pepper, and also has a computer-based configuration (with no robot). It includes seven gamified sets of exercises, which are based on functional tasks from the everyday life of the patients, such as reaching to a cup, or turning a key in a lock. The platform gives the patients instructions, as well as feedback on their performance, and can track their performance over time. We performed a long-term patient-usability study, where 14 stroke patients exercised with this platform (in either the robot or the computer configuration) over a 5-week period, 3 times per week, for a total of 210 sessions. Results: The stroke patients reported that this rehabilitation platform addressed their arm rehabilitation needs, and they expressed their desire to continue training with the platform even after the study ended. Conclusions: These results are especially encouraging during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the requirement to reduce physical contact and keep a social distance accentuates the need for alternative rehabilitative tools, such as SARs, to enable patients to have an uninterrupted (even if modified) rehabilitation regime. Trial Registration: This trial is registered in the NIH ClinicalTrials.gov database. Registration number NCT03651063, registration date 21.08.2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03651063
Risk Factors for Metastasis to No.253 Lymph Node for Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Du Zhouyuan , Wang Dianshi , Li Yuan , Hu Peng , Wu Chuanqing , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: No.253 lymph nodes metastasis is related to poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, while the role of No.253 lymph nodes dissection in colorectal cancer is still controversial.Methods: A total of 157 patients who were received laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer with preservation of the left colon artery + D3 lymph node dissection (low ligation + high dissection) in our hospital were enrolled. No.253 lymph nodes of each patients were dissected and sent for examination. Clinicaopathological factors correlated with No.253 lymph nodes metastasis, including gender, age, tumor location, tumor size, length of tumor from the anus, whether lymphovascular invasion, whether perineural invasion, tumor markers CEA, CA125 and CA199, tumor T stage, whether it is distant metastasis, the total number of lymph nodes harvested, tumor type, and histologic grade were respectively analyzed.Results: A total of 2286 lymph nodes were sent for examination, of which 557 No.253 lymph nodes were sent for examination. Among them, 5 patients had a total of 27 No.253 lymph node metastases. Preoperative CA125 level (X2=4.736, p=0.030), whether perineural invasion (X2=8.086, p<0.01), whether lymphovascular invasion (X2= 7.053, p<0.01), tumor type (X2=21.019, p<0.01), histologic grade (X2=15.315, p<0.01) were significantly correlated with positive No.253 lymph nodes metastasis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of risk factor from above are independent risk factors for No.253 lymph node metastasis(P>0.05).Conclusion: Preoperative CA125 level, whether perineural invasion, whether lymphovascular invasion, tumor type, histologic grade were risk factors of the No.253 lymph nodes metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that five risk factors from above were not the independent risk factor for No.253 lymph nodes metastasis. Colorectal cancer patients with the risk factors above were suggested to receive radical resection + D3 lymph node dissection.
Accident-related Hepatic Trauma in a Medical Clinical Center in Eastern China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Xu Zipeng , Hu Weidong , Shen Xu , Gu Yanyan , Dai Zhengxing , Chen Jie , Zhu Zhenghai , Zhou Ying , Zhao Wanwen , CHEN CHAOBO 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The treatment of hepatic injury can be complicated. Medical clinical hospitals are often the first line hospitals for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic trauma in China. This paper aimed to summarize the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic trauma in one medical clinical center in China. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with hepatic trauma admitted between January 2002 and December 2019 at the Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi. The outcomes were cure rate and death within 14 days post-discharge. Results: Among the 318 patients with hepatic trauma, 146 patients underwent surgical treatment, and 172 received conservative treatment; three patients were transferred to other hospitals for further treatment; 283 patients were cured, and 35 died. Severe hepatic trauma occurred in 74 patients, with a mortality rate of 31.1%, or 7.2% of all patients. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading >III (OR=3.51, 95%CI: 1.32-9.37, P=0.012) and multiple organ injury (OR=7.51, 95%CI: 2.51-22.46, P<0.001) were independently associated with death. Among patients with AAST grading >III, surgery was an independent protective factor for death (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01-0.45, P=0.004). Among patients with ASST >III and who underwent surgery, age (OR=5.29, 95%CI: 1.37-20.33, P=0.015) and PHP (OR=5.54, 95%CI: 1.43-21.487, P=0.013) were independently associated with death.Conclusions: AAST grading >III and multiple organ injury were independently associated with death. Among patients with AAST grading >III, surgery was an independent protective factor for death. Among patients with ASST >III and who underwent surgery, age and PHP were independently associated with death.
Hemodynamic Environment Characteristics in the Ascending Aorta After Dilation Formed for the Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients
Authors: Zheng Tie , Zhu Shuai , Lu Shijie , Ou Jiafu , Zhu Jun-Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The bicuspid aortic valve is one of the common congenital heart anomalies in adults. Although many studies have proved the coincidence between bicuspid aortic valve and the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation, seldom study has focused on the hemodynamic environments after the dilation already formed. Four numerical models of bicuspid aortic valve were constructed in this study, based on medical images, with different ascending aortic dilation levels. The diameters of ascending aortic are 3.5cm, 4.0cm, 4.5cm and 5.0cm, respectively; while, the size and the geometry of other parts are fixed. Then hemodynamics in these models was simulated numerically and the flow patterns and loading distributions were investigated. Aim of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic environment characteristics in the ascending aorta after dilation formed for the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. Results: Hemodynamics environments in the dilated ascending aorta were simulated, with different level of dilation. As the diameter increases, the blood flow becomes more disturbing. The wall shear stress at the ascending aortic decreases while oscillatory shear index increases with the increase of diameter. The pressure at ascending aortic increases as the diameter increases. Moreover, all these hemodynamic parameters described above are asymmetrically distributed with the increase of ascending aortic diameter and more parts of aorta would be affected with the increasing ascending aorta diametersConclusions: The study revealed that the ascending aortic dilation levels can significantly influence the magnificent and distribution of the dynamics. There are altered flow patterns, pressure difference, WSS and OSI distribution features in bicuspid aortic valve patients with valvular dilation. As the extent of aortic dilatation increases, more parts of aorta like aortic arch should be paid more attention to when an individual is referred for surgery