bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of n-3 fatty acids and phytosterol esters on alleviating hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Song Lihua , Zhao Xin Gang , Ouyang Peng Ling , Guan Qi , Yang Li , Peng Fengju , Du Huanwang , Yin Fei , Yan Wei , Yu Wen Juan , Yan Hongli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA, at an EPA:DHA ratio of 150:500) and phytosterol esters (PS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-six NAFLD subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: the PS group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS); the FO group (receiving 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d); the PS + FO combination group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS and 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d) and the PO group (a placebo group). The baseline clinical characteristics of the four groups were similar. The primary outcome was liver:spleen attenuation ratio (L:S ratio). The percentage increase in liver–spleen attenuation (≤1) in the PS + FO group was 36 % (P = 0·083), higher than those in the other three groups (PS group, 11 %, P = 0·519; FO group, 18 %, P = 0·071; PO group, 15 %, P = 0·436). Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P = 0·000; FO, P = 0·002; PS + FO, P = 0·001) and TNF-α was significantly decreased in the FO group (P = 0·036), PS + FO group (P = 0·005) and PO group (P = 0·032) at the end of the intervention. Notably, TGF-β was reduced significantly more in the PS + FO group than in the PO group (P = 0·032). The TAG and total cholesterol levels of the PS + FO group were reduced by 11·57 and 9·55 %, respectively. In conclusion, co-supplementation of PS and EPA + DHA could increase the effectiveness of treatment for hepatic steatosis.
Regional Growth and the Persistence of Regional Income Inequality in Argentina in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Aráoz María Florencia , Nicolini Esteban A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSouthern and central regions of Argentina moved from being relatively poor in the sixteenth century to being the richest in the country today. Although there is some evidence of this reversal, the process of regional growth in Argentina in the first half of the twentieth century is, in the main, unknown. In this paper, we present an estimation of the GDPs of Argentina's 25 provinces in 1914: this is the first consistent estimation of this variable for any period before the 1950s. Our results confirm that in 1914 the city of Buenos Aires and some districts in Patagonia had the highest per capita GDP, and a comparison with the available data for 1953 shows strong persistence in incomes per capita in this period; sectoral analysis of provincial GDPs suggests that growth in the leading districts was driven by economies of agglomeration in some cases and land abundance in others.
Advance care planning and palliative care in ACHD: the healthcare providers’ perspective
Authors: Steiner Jill M. , Oechslin Erwin N. , Veldtman Gruschen , Broberg Craig S. , Stout Karen , Kirkpatrick James , Kovacs Adrienne H. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Advance care planning and palliative care are gaining recognition as critical care components for adults with CHD, yet these often do not occur. Study objectives were to evaluate ACHD providers’ 1) comfort managing patients’ physical symptoms and psychosocial needs and 2) perspectives on the decision/timing of advance care planning initiation and palliative care referral.Methods:Cross-sectional study of ACHD providers. Six hypothetical patients were described in case format, followed by questions regarding provider comfort managing symptoms, initiating advance care planning, and palliative care referral.Results:Fifty providers (72% physicians) completed surveys. Participants reported low levels of personal palliative care knowledge, without variation by gender, years in practice, or prior palliative care training. Providers appeared more comfortable managing physical symptoms and discussing prognosis than addressing psychosocial needs. Providers recognised advance directives as important, although the percentage who would initiate advance care planning ranged from 18 to 67% and referral to palliative care from 14 to 32%. Barriers and facilitators to discussing advance care planning with patients were identified. Over 20% indicated that advance care planning and end-of-life discussions are best initiated with the development of at least one life-threatening complication/hospitalisation.Conclusions:Providers noted high value in advance directives yet were themselves less likely to initiate advance care planning or refer to palliative care. This raises the critical questions of when, how, and by whom discussion of these important matters should be initiated and how best to support ACHD providers in these endeavours.
Meta-Regulation of Private Standards: The Role of Regional and International Organizations in Comparison with the WTO
Authors: Naiki Yoshiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rise and proliferation of private standards have been recognized in international trade law, and various concerns have been raised. Existing literature analyses how the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly the SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Committee and the TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) Committee, have responded (or cannot respond) to the proliferation of private standards. This paper goes one step further by focusing specifically on the meta-regulatory function performed by regional and international organizations other than the WTO. This paper sheds light on three types of governance techniques that can serve as meta-regulatory activities in relation to private standards by regional and international organizations: (1) governance by delegation; (2) governance by information; and (3) governance by soft law. This paper analyses features of these governance techniques and considers the relation between these governance techniques and the WTO's approach.
He Said, She Said: The Gender Double Bind in Legislator–Constituent Communication
Authors: Costa Mia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCitizens hold gender-specific stereotypes about women in political office, yet scholars disagree on whether these stereotypes lead to a “double bind” in which female legislators are held to higher standards than male legislators. Two survey experiments reveal how citizen evaluations of elite responsiveness to constituent mail are conditioned by gender and sexist attitudes. The findings suggest that a double bind does exist in legislator–constituent communication, even among people who have positive views of women. For instance, although the least sexist respondents favor communication from female legislators regardless of the quality of communication, they also punish women, but not men, for taking longer to respond to constituent mail. Male legislators are also more likely to be rewarded for being friendly as respondents’ sexism increases, but female legislators do not enjoy the same advantage, likely due to gender stereotypes and expectations regarding women's behavior.
A Dynamical‐Statistical Approach to Retrieve the Ocean Interior Structure From Surface Data: SQG‐mEOF‐R
Authors: Yan Hengqian , Wang Huizan , Zhang Ren , Chen Jian , Bao Senliang , Wang Gongjie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombining the dynamical surface‐trapped mode derived from the Surface Quasi‐Geostrophic (SQG) function with the statistical mode calculated from multivariate empirical orthogonal function (EOF) reconstruction (mEOF‐R) method, this paper proposes a new method, SQG‐mEOF‐R, to estimate the interior density from the sea surface density and sea surface height. This method is applied to the eddy‐resolving Ocean General Circulation Model For the Earth simulator simulation and compared with the conventional SQG, isQG (interior plus SQG), and mEOF‐R methods. Two different dynamical regimes were considered: the NorthWest Pacific, dominated by surface‐intensified eddies, and the Southeast Pacific, characterized by the occurrence of subsurface‐intensified eddies. In both regions, the proposed method proves to be robust in reconstructing mesoscale features, with reduced root‐mean square error and relatively high correlation coefficient. The superiority of SQG‐mEOF‐R is highlighted in those subsurface‐intensified eddies that are little or nothing reconstructed by SQG or isQG method.
Transport and Water Age Dynamics in Soils: A Comparative Study of Spatially Integrated and Spatially Explicit Models
Authors: Asadollahi Mitra , Stumpp Christine , Rinaldo Andrea , Benettin Paolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe address transport by transit times (i.e., the age of water parcels leaving a storage as discharge, deep loss, or evapotranspiration) in subvertical soil systems, key to our understanding of water quality in catchments and streams. While the use of field and lysimeter observations to constrain and validate modeling approaches is generally accepted, different views exist on the relative ranges of applicability of spatially integrated or spatially explicit approaches. This study specifically illustrates how one class of spatially integrated models of transport, based on StorAge Selection (SAS) functions, fares with respect to spatially explicit hydrologic models in a case where detailed tracer data from experimental lysimeters exist and for which both approaches are viable. Data from two lysimeters experiments that differ in atmospheric conditions, size of the installation, tracer type, soil texture, and vegetation are used to contrast results from two transport models: tran‐SAS (space implicit) and HYDRUS‐1D (space explicit). Results suggest that although the two lysimeters are characterized by different transit time distributions, their underlying transport mechanisms are similar and represented well by both models. The comparison between the two models results in robust estimates of the transport timescales and clearly shows that percolation fluxes at the bottom of a lysimeter tend to drain the relatively old components of the soil storage. We conclude that the convergence of the approaches in a geomorphologically simple and data‐rich problem supports extensive uses of the spatially integrated approach in cases where the scale of the problem, or subgrid parameterization needs, may limit the applicability of detailed modeling approaches.
Multiple Myeloma DREAM Challenge reveals epigenetic regulator PHF19 as marker of aggressive disease
Authors:   Multiple Myeloma DREAM Consortium, Mason Mike J. , Schinke Carolina , Eng Christine L. P. , Towfic Fadi , Gruber Fred , Dervan Andrew , White Brian S. , Pratapa Aditya , Guan Yuanfang , Chen Hongjie , Cui Yi , Li Bailiang , Yu Thomas , Chaibub Neto Elias , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Ortiz Maria , Lyzogubov Valeriy , Bisht Kamlesh , Dai Hongyue Y. , Schmitz Frank , Flynt Erin , Dan Rozelle  , Danziger Samuel A. , Ratushny Alexander , Dalton William S. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Samur Mehmet , Hayete Boris , Sonneveld Pieter , Shain Kenneth H. , Munshi Nikhil , Auclair Daniel , Hose Dirk , Morgan Gareth , Trotter Matthew , Bassett Douglas , Goke Jonathan , Walker Brian A. , Thakurta Anjan , Guinney Justin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile the past decade has seen meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes for multiple myeloma patients, a subset of patients does not benefit from current therapeutics for unclear reasons. Many gene expression-based models of risk have been developed, but each model uses a different combination of genes and often involves assaying many genes making them difficult to implement. We organized the Multiple Myeloma DREAM Challenge, a crowdsourced effort to develop models of rapid progression in newly diagnosed myeloma patients and to benchmark these against previously published models. This effort lead to more robust predictors and found that incorporating specific demographic and clinical features improved gene expression-based models of high risk. Furthermore, post-challenge analysis identified a novel expression-based risk marker, PHF19, which has recently been found to have an important biological role in multiple myeloma. Lastly, we show that a simple four feature predictor composed of age, ISS, and expression of PHF19 and MMSET performs similarly to more complex models with many more gene expression features included.
Potential targeted therapy and diagnosis based on novel insight into growth factors, receptors, and downstream effectors in acute kidney injury and acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease progression
Authors: Gao Li , Zhong Xiang , Jin Juan , Li Jun , Meng Xiao-ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid decline in renal function and is characterized by excessive renal inflammation and programmed death of resident cells. AKI shows high morbidity and mortality, and severe or repeated AKI can transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, very few effective and specific therapies are available, except for supportive treatment. Growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), are significantly altered in AKI models and have been suggested to play critical roles in the repair process of AKI because of their roles in cell regeneration and renal repair. In recent years, a series of studies have shown evidence that growth factors, receptors, and downstream effectors may be highly involved in the mechanism of AKI and may function in the early stage of AKI in response to stimuli by regulating inflammation and programmed cell death. Moreover, certain growth factors or correlated proteins act as biomarkers for AKI due to their sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, growth factors originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via paracrine signaling or extracellular vesicles recruit leukocytes or repair intrinsic cells and may participate in AKI repair or the AKI-CKD transition. In addition, growth factor-modified MSCs show superior therapeutic potential compared to that of unmodified controls. In this review, we summarized the current therapeutic and diagnostic strategies targeting growth factors to treat AKI in clinical trials. We also evaluated the possibilities of other growth factor-correlated molecules as therapeutic targets in the treatment of AKI and the AKI-CKD transition.
Silencing MYH9 blocks HBx-induced GSK3β ubiquitination and degradation to inhibit tumor stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Xian , Li Ai-min , Li Yong-Hao , Luo Rong-Cheng , Zou Yu-Jiao , Liu Yi-Yi , Liu Chen , Xie Ying-Ying , Zuo Shi , Liu Zhan , Liu Zhen , Fang Wei-Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMYH9 has dual functions in tumors. However, its role in inducing tumor stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not yet determined. Here, we found that MYH9 is an effective promoter of tumor stemness that facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Importantly, targeting MYH9 remarkably improved the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice and promoted sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo. Mechanistic analysis suggested that MYH9 interacted with GSK3β and reduced its protein expression by ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which therefore dysregulated the β-catenin destruction complex and induced the downstream tumor stemness phenotype, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and c-Jun signaling in HCC. C-Jun transcriptionally stimulated MYH9 expression and formed an MYH9/GSK3β/β-catenin/c-Jun feedback loop. X protein is a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded key oncogenic protein that promotes HCC pathogenesis. Interestingly, we observed that HBV X protein (HBX) interacted with MYH9 and induced its expression by modulating GSK3β/β-catenin/c-Jun signaling. Targeting MYH9 blocked HBX-induced GSK3β ubiquitination to activate the β-catenin destruction complex and suppressed cancer stemness and EMT. Based on TCGA database analysis, MYH9 was found to be elevated and conferred poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In clinical samples, high MYH9 expression levels predicted poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. These findings identify the suppression of MYH9 as an alternative approach for the effective eradication of CSC properties to inhibit cancer migration, invasion, growth, and sorafenib resistance in HCC patients. Our study demonstrated that MYH9 is a crucial therapeutic target in HCC.
Single-photon emission from single-electron transport in a SAW-driven lateral light-emitting diode
Authors: Hsiao Tzu-Kan , Rubino Antonio , Chung Yousun , Son Seok-Kyun , Hou Hangtian , Pedrós Jorge , Nasir Ateeq , Éthier-Majcher Gabriel , Stanley Megan J. , Phillips Richard T. , Mitchell Thomas A. , Griffiths Jonathan P. , Farrer Ian , Ritchie David A. , Ford Christopher J. B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe long-distance quantum transfer between electron-spin qubits in semiconductors is important for realising large-scale quantum computing circuits. Electron-spin to photon-polarisation conversion is a promising technology for achieving free-space or fibre-coupled quantum transfer. In this work, using only regular lithography techniques on a conventional 15 nm GaAs quantum well, we demonstrate acoustically-driven generation of single photons from single electrons, without the need for a self-assembled quantum dot. In this device, a single electron is carried in a potential minimum of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) and is transported to a region of holes to form an exciton. The exciton then decays and creates a single optical photon within 100 ps. This SAW-driven electroluminescence, without optimisation, yields photon antibunching with g(2)(0) = 0.39 ± 0.05 in the single-electron limit (g(2)(0) = 0.63 ± 0.03 in the raw histogram). Our work marks the first step towards electron-to-photon (spin-to-polarisation) qubit conversion for scaleable quantum computing architectures.
Emergent electric field control of phase transformation in oxide superlattices
Authors: Yi Di , Wang Yujia , van ʼt Erve Olaf M. J. , Xu Liubin , Yuan Hongtao , Veit Michael J. , Balakrishnan Purnima P. , Choi Yongseong , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Shafer Padraic , Arenholz Elke , Grutter Alexander , Xu Haixuan , Yu Pu , Jonker Berend T. , Suzuki Yuri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectric fields can transform materials with respect to their structure and properties, enabling various applications ranging from batteries to spintronics. Recently electrolytic gating, which can generate large electric fields and voltage-driven ion transfer, has been identified as a powerful means to achieve electric-field-controlled phase transformations. The class of transition metal oxides provide many potential candidates that present a strong response under electrolytic gating. However, very few show a reversible structural transformation at room-temperature. Here, we report the realization of a digitally synthesized transition metal oxide that shows a reversible, electric-field-controlled transformation between distinct crystalline phases at room-temperature. In superlattices comprised of alternating one-unit-cell of SrIrO3 and La0.2Sr0.8MnO3, we find a reversible phase transformation with a 7% lattice change and dramatic modulation in chemical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, mediated by the reversible transfer of oxygen and hydrogen ions. Strikingly, this phase transformation is absent in the constituent oxides, solid solutions and larger period superlattices. Our findings open up this class of materials for voltage-controlled functionality.
Machine-learning-assisted insight into spin ice Dy2Ti2O7
Authors: Samarakoon Anjana M. , Barros Kipton , Li Ying Wai , Eisenbach Markus , Zhang Qiang , Ye Feng , Sharma V. , Dun Z. L. , Zhou Haidong , Grigera Santiago A. , Batista Cristian D. , Tennant D. Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex behavior poses challenges in extracting models from experiment. An example is spin liquid formation in frustrated magnets like Dy2Ti2O7. Understanding has been hindered by issues including disorder, glass formation, and interpretation of scattering data. Here, we use an automated capability to extract model Hamiltonians from data, and to identify different magnetic regimes. This involves training an autoencoder to learn a compressed representation of three-dimensional diffuse scattering, over a wide range of spin Hamiltonians. The autoencoder finds optimal matches according to scattering and heat capacity data and provides confidence intervals. Validation tests indicate that our optimal Hamiltonian accurately predicts temperature and field dependence of both magnetic structure and magnetization, as well as glass formation and irreversibility in Dy2Ti2O7. The autoencoder can also categorize different magnetic behaviors and eliminate background noise and artifacts in raw data. Our methodology is readily applicable to other materials and types of scattering problems.
Spin-rotation coupling observed in neutron interferometry
Authors: Danner Armin , Demirel Bülent , Kersten Wenzel , Lemmel Hartmut , Wagner Richard , Sponar Stephan , Hasegawa Yuji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEinstein’s theory of general relativity and quantum theory form the two major pillars of modern physics. However, certain inertial properties of a particle’s intrinsic spin are inconspicuous while the inertial properties of mass are well known. Here, by performing a neutron interferometric experiment, we observe phase shifts arising as a consequence of the spin’s coupling with the angular velocity of a rotating magnetic field. This coupling is a purely quantum mechanical extension of the Sagnac effect. The resulting phase shifts linearly depend on the frequency of the rotation of the magnetic field. Our results agree with the predictions derived from the Pauli–Schrödinger equation.
Peak neutralizing and cross-neutralizing antibody levels to human papillomavirus types 6/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 induced by bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines
Authors: Mariz Filipe Colaço , Bender Noemi , Anantharaman Devasena , Basu Partha , Bhatla Neerja , Pillai Madhavan Radhakrisna , Prabhu Priya R. , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Eriksson Tiina , Pawlita Michael , Prager Kristina , Sehr Peter , Waterboer Tim , Müller Martin , Lehtinen Matti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe performed an independent comparison of neutralizing and cross-neutralizing antibody (ab) levels seven months after initiation of three-dose, six-month vaccination schedules with the bivalent and quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in adolescent Finnish and Indian females, respectively. We used a semi-automated Pseudovirion-Based Neutralization Assay and observed significantly higher HPV16/18 peak ab-levels in bivalent as compared to quadrivalent vaccine recipients. Bivalent vaccine induced cross-neutralizing HPV31/33/45/52/58 antibodies significantly more frequently and to higher levels than the quadrivalent vaccine. The correlation of bivalent vaccine-induced HPV45 ab-levels with HPV16/18 ab-levels was stronger than that of corresponding quadrivalent vaccine-induced ab-levels, suggesting a qualitatively different cross-reactive response. Our findings on the comparison of the immunogenicity of two HPV vaccine tested in two different populations indicate that further head-to-head studies are warranted.