bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process, rationality and human wellbeing
Authors: Dold Malte , Harper David , Rajagopalan Shruti , Whitman Glen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This special issue explores foundational questions in behavioral economics and behavioral public policy, drawing on the work of Mario Rizzo, a critical voice in the debate on behavioral paternalism. Behavioral economics has offered significant insights into decision-making, often challenging traditional economic models. However, it has also introduced normative frameworks into policy analysis, such as preference purification, that critics argue oversimplify human decision-making and risk imposing external values. Contributions to this issue examine themes including the tension between standard rationality and inclusive rationality, the epistemological limitations of paternalistic interventions, and the role of tacit knowledge and dynamic learning in policymaking. By engaging perspectives from economics, psychology, philosophy, and law, the issue discusses process-based approaches to policy analysis that respect individual agency and accommodate uncertainty. It also highlights the political economy dimensions of behavioral public policy, emphasizing the need for institutional reforms that enable learning and systematic change rather than narrowly focusing on individual cognitive biases. This issue serves as both a tribute to Mario Rizzo’s intellectual contributions and a call for a deeper reflection on the methodological and normative foundations of behavioral public policy.
Biopreserving Pathogens: Promise & Peril
Authors: Jaskiewicz Justyna , Wolf Susan M. , Toner Mehmet , Sandlin Rebecca D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of technologies for the biopreservation of infectious organisms requires careful analysis of benefits and risks. This article reviews the regulatory landscape and oversight responsibilities in the United States in respect to pathogen biopreservation. Focused on two globally significant pathogens, Cryptosporidium and Plasmodium, the article explores advantages and potential risks of biopreservation concerning biosafety, biosecurity and biocontainment.
Successfully Bridging Innovation and Application: Exploring the Utility of a Risk Innovation Approach in the NSF Engineering Research Center for Advanced Biopreservation Technologies (ATP-Bio)
Authors: Maynard Andrew D. , Oye Kenneth A. , Scragg Marissa , Tripp Tim , Wolf Susan M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis exploratory study set out to pilot use of a Risk Innovation approach to support the development of advanced biopreservation technologies, and the societally beneficial development of advanced technologies more broadly. This is the first study to apply the Risk Innovation approach — which has previously been used to help individual organizations clarify areas of value and threats — to multiple entities involved in developing an emerging technology.
Out of Bounds: Physician Licensing Board Disciplinary Cases related to Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Galletly Carol L. , Christenson Erika A. , Ohlrich Jessica , Dickson-Gomez Julia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhysician prescribing practices contributed to the US opioid epidemic, leading to increased regulation of opioid prescribing. In some instances, prescribers are unscrupulous or corrupt. They are criminally investigated and subject to prosecution. Less egregious opioid prescribing infractions are addressed through state medical licensing boards. At stake are physicians’ licenses to practice medicine.
Ethical Issues in Emerging Technologies to Extend the Viability of Biological Materials Across Time and Space
Authors: Childress James F. , Brister Evelyn , Thompson Paul B. , Wolf Susan M. , Callier Shawneequa L. , Capron Alexander M. , Pruett Timothy L. , Zuchowicz Nikolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents a framework of ethical analysis for anticipatory evaluation of advanced biopreservation technologies and employs the framework illustratively in three domains. The framework features four clusters of general ethical considerations: (1) Producing Benefits, Minimizing Harms, Balancing Benefits, Risk, and Costs; (2) Justice, Fairness, Equity; (3) Respect for Autonomy; and (4) Transparency, Trustworthiness, and Public Trust.
Biopreservation Beyond the Biosphere: Exploring the Ethical, Legal & Social Implications of Suspended Animation in Space
Authors: Feys Roel , Uygun Korkut , Filz von Reiterdank Irina , Wolf Susan M. , Isasi Rosario 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the evolving field of advanced biopreservation technologies, the development of suspended animation (SA) is inspired by real-world challenges. In the context of space exploration, SA is seen as a solution to enable humans to undertake missions far beyond low Earth orbit, including routine travel to other planets in our solar system and beyond. While work on the socio-ethical and legal implications (ELSI) of space exploration continues to evolve, NASA has committed to make ethics a priority issue, making this a fruitful field for further examination.
An “Amazon of Living Things”? The History & Horror of Commodifying Life
Authors: Bratcher Goodwin Michele 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article argues that beneath the veneer of legitimacy in the organ, tissue, and body part transplantation systems exists a horrifying history of human commodification whose vestiges surprisingly linger in contemporary supply and allocation systems. This history, as the Article demonstrates, dates back to the colonial period in the United States, where “grave robbing” became an important feature in the advancement of medicine. This legacy lives on.
Intranight optical monitoring of the rare quasar J0950+5128, the brightest known candidate for transition from radio-quiet to radio-loud state
Authors: Chand Krishan , Gopal-Krishna  , Chand Hum 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report a novel pilot project to characterise intra-night optical variability (INOV) of an extremely rare type of quasar, which has recently been caught in the act of transiting from a radio-quiet to radio-loud state, on a decadal time scale. Such rare transitions may signify a recurrence, or conceivably the first switch-on of jet activity in optically luminous quasars. The newly formed jet could well be jittery and unsteady, both in power and direction. The optically brightest among such radio-state transition candidates, the quasar J0950+5128 (

$z = 0.2142$

), was monitored by us with dense sampling in the R-band, during 2020-21 in 6 sessions, each lasting

$ \gt $

4 hours. This is the first attempt to characterise the INOV properties associated with this recently discovered, extremely rarely observed phenomenon of quasar radio-state transition. The non-detection of INOV in any of the 6 sessions, down to the 1-2% level, amounts to a lack of evidence for a blazar-like optical activity,

$\sim$

2 years after its transition to radio-loud state was found. The only INOV feature detected in J0950+5128 during our observational campaign was a

$\sim$

0.15-mag spike lasting < 6 minutes, seen at 13.97 UT on 18-March-2021. We also report the available optical light curves of this quasar from the Zwicky Transient Facility survey, which indicate that it had experienced a phase of INOV activity around the time its transition to the radio-loud state was detected, however that phase did not sustain until the launch of our INOV campaign

$\sim$

2 years later.
When Scottish medicine hospitalized Indian magic: Dr James Esdaile's mesmeric surgery in mid-nineteenth-century Bengal
Authors: Raj Kapil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to explore the ways knowledge travels across spatial and cultural boundaries, this article focuses on the intriguing case of the Edinburgh-trained Scottish surgeon James Esdaile (1808–59), who, after practising conventional surgery for almost fifteen years in British colonial India, quite unexpectedly turned to mesmeric anaesthesia in the last five years of his service. By following his career and his mesmeric turn, the article describes Esdaile's subsequent public experiments in mesmeric anaesthesia in collaboration with indigenous practices and practitioners of trance induction in the 1840s which led to the creation of a special mesmeric hospital in Calcutta. Although very successful, it eventually ceased to function, apparently victim to new and cheaper chemical anaesthetics. Mobilizing the insights of science studies scholarship into the processes of scientific experimentation, this article seeks to shed new light on the necessary professional, social and political investments for the making and mobility of scientific knowledge across social and cultural boundaries in a colonial setting.
The final closure time of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: Insights from geochronology and geochemistry of Permian-Triassic sedimentary sequence in Wangqing, Jilin Province, China
Authors: Yin Junzhe , Liang Chenyue , Zheng Changqing , Song Zhiwei , Jia Xianghe , Chen Long 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt is the world’s largest accretionary orogenic belt, associated with the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). However, the final closure timing of the eastern PAO remains contentious. The Permian-Triassic sedimentary sequences in the Wangqing area along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone offer important clues into this final closure. New data on petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and zircon Hf isotopes of sedimentary rocks from the Miaoling Formation and Kedao Group in Wangqing area provide new insights into the final closure of the eastern end of the PAO. The maximum deposition ages of the Miaoling Formation and Kedao Group have been constrained to the Late Permian (ca. 253 Ma) and early Middle Triassic (ca. 243 Ma), respectively. These sedimentary rocks exhibit similar geochemical characteristics, showing low textural and compositional maturities, implying short sediment transport, with all detrital zircons suggesting their origins from felsic igneous rocks. The εHf(t) values of the Miaoling Formation range from −6.09 to 12.43 and from −2.20 to 7.59 for the Kedao Group, implying these rocks originated from NE China. Considering our new data along with previously published data, we propose that a reduced remnant ocean remained along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone in the early Middle Triassic (ca. 243 Ma), suggesting the final closure of the eastern PAO likely occurred between the latest Middle Triassic and early Late Triassic.
Promoting Digitalization of Electronic Trade Documents in Nigeria through the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records
Authors: Anyamele Uchenna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Given the increasing use of technology and the digitalization of international trade through electronic documents, there is a need for a globally harmonized standard that caters for the legal aspects of digitalization. The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) is one such law. Yet, it has not been adopted in Nigeria or several other jurisdictions. This article considers the possibility of Nigeria adopting the MLETR. To do this, the article considers the meaning of electronic transferable documents and the legal implications of digitalizing them. The article also examines the barriers and challenges to digitalizing electronic transferable records. It then considers some of the laws in Nigeria that would support electronic and digital trade transactions. Subsequently, the article highlights the benefits, challenges and hindrances to the adoption of the MLETR in Nigeria. It recommends an approach to adopting the MLETR, drawing from jurisdictions that have adopted it.
Causal mechanisms of quadruple networks in pediatric bipolar disorder
Authors: Wang Rong , Wang Chun , Zhang Gui , Mundinano Inaki-Carril , Zheng Gang , Xiao Qian , Zhong Yuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is characterized by abnormal functional connectivity among distributed brain regions. Increasing evidence suggests a role for the limbic network (LN) and the triple network model in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the specific relationship between the LN and the triple network in PBD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the aberrant causal connections among these four core networks in PBD.MethodResting-state functional MRI scans from 92 PBD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was employed to assess effective connectivity (EC) among the four core networks. Parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) analysis was conducted to identify ECs associated with group differences, as well as depression and mania severity. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to test predictive accuracy.ResultCompared to HCs, PBD patients exhibited primarily excitatory bottom-up connections from the LN to the salience network (SN) and bidirectional excitatory connections between the default mode network (DMN) and SN. In PBD, top-down connectivity from the triple network to the LN was excitatory in individuals with higher depression severity but inhibitory in those with higher mania severity. LOOCV identified dysconnectivity circuits involving the caudate and hippocampus as being associated with mania and depression severity, respectively.ConclusionsDisrupted bottom-up connections from the LN to the triple network distinguish PBD patients from healthy controls, while top-down disruptions from the triple network to LN relate to mood state differences. These findings offer insight into the neural mechanisms of PBD.
Familial co-aggregation and shared familiality among neurodevelopmental problems and with aggressive behavior, depression, anxiety, and substance use
Authors: Vos Melissa , Wang Rujia , Rommelse Nanda N. J. , Snieder Harold , Larsson Henrik , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo refine the knowledge on familial transmission, we examined the (shared) familial components among neurodevelopmental problems (i.e. two attention-deficit/hyperactivity–impulsivity disorder [ADHD] and six autism spectrum disorder [ASD] subdomains) and with aggressive behavior, depression, anxiety, and substance use.MethodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional study encompassing 37 688 participants across three generations from the general population. ADHD subdomains, ASD subdomains, aggressive behavior, depression, anxiety, and substance use were assessed. To evaluate familial (co-)aggregation, recurrence risk ratios (λR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. The (shared) familiality (f2), which is closely related to (shared) heritability, was assessed using residual maximum likelihood-based variance decomposition methods. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and age2.ResultsThe familial aggregation and familiality of neurodevelopmental problems were moderate (λR = 2.40–4.04; f2 = 0.22–0.39). The familial co-aggregation and shared familiality among neurodevelopmental problems (λR = 1.39–2.56; rF = 0.52–0.94), and with aggressive behavior (λR = 1.79–2.56; rF = 0.60–0.78), depression (λR = 1.45–2.29; rF = 0.43–0.76), and anxiety (λR = 1.44–2.31; rF = 0.62–0.84) were substantial. The familial co-aggregation and shared familiality between all neurodevelopmental problems and all types of substance use were weak (λR = 0.53–1.57; rF = −0.06–0.35).ConclusionsNeurodevelopmental problems belonging to the same disorder were more akin than cross-disorder problems. That said, there is a clear (shared) familial component to neurodevelopmental problems, in part shared with other psychiatric problems (except for substance use). This suggests that neurodevelopmental disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and internalizing disorders share genetic and environmental risk factors.
Neural activity during working memory predicts clinical response to computerized executive function training prior to cognitive processing therapy
Authors: Davey Delaney , Caudle Morgan M. , Hoffman Samantha N. , Jak Amy J. , Bomyea Jessica , Crocker Laura D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundExecutive dysfunction, including working memory deficits, is prominent in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can impede treatment effectiveness. Intervention approaches that target executive dysfunction alongside standard PTSD treatments could boost clinical response. The current study reports secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial testing combined PTSD treatment with a computerized training program to improve executive dysfunction. We assessed if pre-treatment neurocognitive substrates of executive functioning predicted clinical response to this novel intervention.MethodsTreatment-seeking veterans with PTSD (N = 60) completed a working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging prior to being randomized to six weeks of computerized executive function training (five 30-minute sessions each week) plus twelve 50-minute sessions of cognitive processing therapy (CEFT + CPT) or placebo training plus CPT (PT + CPT). Using linear mixed effects models, we examined the extent to which the neurocognitive substrates of executive functioning predicted PTSD treatment response.ResultsResults indicated that veterans with greater activation of working memory regions (e.g. lateral prefrontal and cingulate cortex) had better PTSD symptom improvement trajectories in CEFT + CPT v. PT + CPT. Those with less neural activation during working memory showed similar trajectories of PTSD symptom change regardless of treatment condition.ConclusionsGreater activity of frontal regions implicated in working memory may serve as a biomarker of response to a novel treatment in veterans with PTSD. Individuals with greater regional responsiveness benefited more from treatment that targeted cognitive dysfunction than treatment that did not include active cognitive training. Clinically, findings could inform our understanding of treatment mechanisms and may contribute to better personalization of treatment.
From radical evil to constitutive moral luck in Kant’s Religion
Authors: Hartman Robert J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The received view is that Kant denies all moral luck. But I show how Kant affirms constitutive moral luck in passages concerning radical evil from Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. First, I explicate Kant’s claims about radical evil. It is a morally evil disposition that all human beings have necessarily, at least for the first part of their lives, and for which they are blameworthy. Second, since these properties about radical evil appear to contradict Kant’s even more famous claims about imputation, ‘ought implies can’, and free will, I unpack Henry Allison’s proof of radical evil and show how it is consistent with interpretations of Kant’s broader views about morality. Third, I define and illustrate the category of constitutive moral luck and argue that Kant embraces the existence of constitutive moral luck given Allison-style interpretations of radical evil. This provides a reason for philosophers to reject the received view, and it creates an occasion for Kantians and Kant scholars to check their reasons if they deny moral luck.
Navajo Verbs in Child Speech
Authors: Chee Melvatha R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates Navajo verbs produced by four children, ages 4;07 to 11;02, during conversations with their caretakers. Analyses of 1600 verbs demonstrate that the bisyllabic verb form, consisting of a verb stem and a portion of the prefix string, is the most common pattern produced by the children. This indicates that Navajo-speaking children use meaningful units of verbal morphology that do not necessarily adhere to the linguistic boundaries normally ascribed to the Navajo verb complex. Further, the verbs are primarily intransitive and third-person singular constructions, which are minimally inflected. It is argued that these minimally-inflected verb forms are frequent not just because they are simpler, but also because they are highly productive as main verbs and are used to create phrasal verbs and nouns. These findings contribute to our general understanding of language development and to the growing body of research investigating children’s acquisition of endangered Indigenous languages.
Stratégies pour la mise en place d’un chœur intergénérationnel dans une résidence pour personnes aînées afin de contribuer à leur bien-être physique, mental et social
Authors: Richard Monique , Paris Mario , Dupuis-Blanchard Suzanne 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
Dans le contexte pandémique de la COVID-19, les personnes aînées se sont retrouvées confinées et isolées, et ce, même dans le cadre d’un milieu de vie collective. Cet article fait état d’une étude de la portée sur les bienfaits d’un chœur intergénérationnel pour personnes aînées et les stratégies à considérer pour sa mise en place. L’analyse de 16 études sur ce sujet a permis de se familiariser avec les résultats, les recommandations et les pistes de recherche en lien avec le bien-être et le sens de satisfaction que retirent les personnes aînées qui participent à un chœur, de même que des interventions en chant choral à privilégier. De plus, cette activité qui est peu couteuse et bénéfique est considérée comme une intervention de nature préventive qui contribue au bien-être des personnes aînées et à leur prise en charge pour un vieillissement en santé. Par ailleurs, les résultats suggèrent de continuer à documenter l’efficacité des stratégies proposées pour les améliorer ou les adapter afin de maximiser les effets positifs d’une telle activité sur le bien-être physique, social, émotionnel et cognitif des personnes aînées.
Producing the Inevitability of Solar Radiation Modification in Climate Politics
Authors: Oomen Jeroen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis essay investigates the fit between solar radiation modification (SRM) and climate politics. Researchers, activists, and politicians often present SRM technologies as “radical.” According to this frame, SRM comes into view as a last-ditch effort to avoid climate emergencies. Such a rationale may be applicable to the scientists researching the potential of SRM, yet it only partially accounts for political and policy interest in SRM. In this contribution, I argue that there is an increasingly tight fit between the promise of SRM technologies and the global regime of climate politics. Within this regime, SRM may not be a radical option but is more of a logical extension of current rationales. I argue that SRM corresponds to tightly controlled discursive rules within which climate politics operates, leading to a shifting narrative on the feasibility, desirability, and necessity of SRM. The ethical implications of this tight fit are threefold. First, it implies that SRM might be an instrument of mitigation deterrence, implicitly as much as explicitly. Second, ethical responsibility and political value debates are at risk of becoming invisible once SRM becomes embedded in the prevailing regime. Third, SRM use might become inevitable, despite the good intentions of most people involved.