bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedentary Time and Metabolic Risk in Extremely Active Older Adults
Authors: Madden Kenneth M. , Feldman Boris , Chase Jocelyn 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE
Increasing evidence suggests that time spent sedentary predicts increasing cardiometabolic risk independent of other physical activity. We objectively measured activity levels in active older adults and examined the association between sedentary behavior and the continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (cMSy).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Older adults (age ≥65 years) were recruited from the Whistler Masters ski team, a group of active older adults who undergo organized group training. Daily activity levels were recorded with accelerometers (SenseWear) worn for 7 days. A compositional approach was used to determine proportion of the time spent sedentary as compared with all other nonsedentary behaviors (isometric log-ratio transformation for time spent sedentary [ILR1]). Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose were measured, and cMSy was calculated using principal component analysis (sum of eigenvalues ≥1.0).

RESULTS
Fifty-four subjects (30 women and 24 men, mean ± SE age 71.4 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Subjects demonstrated high levels of physical activity (2.6 ± 0.2 h light activity and 3.9 ± 0.2 h moderate/vigorous activity). In our final parsimonious model, ILR1 showed a significant positive association with increasing cMSy (standardized β = 0.368 ± 0.110, R2 = 0.40, P = 0.002), independent of age and biological sex.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite high levels of activity, ILR1 demonstrated a strong association with cMSy. This suggests that even in active older adults, sedentary behavior is associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk.
Sustained Impact of Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump Therapy: Results After the 24-Month RESCUE Study
Authors: Charleer Sara , De Block Christophe , Nobels Frank , Radermecker Régis P. , Lowyck Ine , Mullens Annelies , Scarnière Denis , Spincemaille Katrien , Strivay Marie , Weber Eric , Taes Youri , Vercammen Chris , Keymeulen Bart , Mathieu Chantal , Gillard Pieter 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVEIn recent years, a growing number of people with type 1 diabetes gained access to real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). Long-term benefits of rtCGM are unclear because of a lack of large studies of long duration. We evaluated whether real-world rtCGM use up to 24 months offered benefits, particularly in those living with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis 24-month, prospective, observational cohort study followed 441 adults with insulin pumps receiving full reimbursement for rtCGM. Forty-two percent had IAH. The primary end point was evolution of HbA1c, with secondary end points change in acute hypoglycemia complications, diabetes-related work absenteeism, and quality of life scores. Additionally, we evaluated whether people could achieve glycemic consensus targets during follow-up.RESULTSAfter 24 months, HbA1c remained significantly lower compared with baseline (7.64% [60 mmol/mol] vs. 7.37% [57 mmol/mol], P &lt; 0.0001). Sustained benefits were also observed for the score on the hypoglycemia fear survey and hypoglycemia-related acute complications irrespective of hypoglycemia awareness level. People with IAH had the strongest improvement, especially for severe hypoglycemia (862 events in the year before vs. 119 events per 100 patient-years in the 2nd year, P &lt; 0.0001). Over 24 months, more people were able to meet hypoglycemia consensus targets at the expense of slightly fewer people achieving hyperglycemia consensus targets. Furthermore, the number of people with HbA1c &lt;7% (&lt;53 mmol/mol) without severe hypoglycemia events more than doubled (11.0% vs. 25.4%, P &lt; 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSUse of rtCGM led to sustained improvements in hypoglycemia-related glucose control over 24 months. Lower fear of hypoglycemia, fewer acute hypoglycemia-related events, and fewer diabetes-related days off from work were observed, particularly in those with IAH.
Modalités de travail en dyades et conduites à des tâches d’algèbre chez des élèves portugais
Authors: Cesar Margarida , Perret-Clermont Anne-Nelly , Benavente Ana 
Published: October 2020

La recherche présentée ici se déroule dans le contexte de l’école obligatoire portugaise et des difficultés que connaît l’enseignement des mathématiques systématiquement confronté à une proportion importante d’élèves peu motivés pour cette discipline et en échec. Des interventions pédagogiques, construites comme des études de cas inspirées par un plan quasi-expérimental permettant des comparaisons, ont permis d’observer les réactions différentes d’élèves travaillant, seuls ou en dyades, à des problèmes d’algèbre. Il en ressort d’une part une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la modalité d’organisation des relations dyadiques dans la capacité à comprendre la tâche et à la gérer; et d’autre part une mise en évidence de l’engouement qui naît chez les élèves, embarqués dans des dialogues et des conflits socio-cognitifs, et qui alors modifient leurs attitudes à l’égard de ces mathématiques.
Les réformes actuelles de la formation à l’enseignement en France et aux États-Unis: éléments de mise en perspective socio-historique à partir du concept d’éducation
Authors: Lenoir Yves 
Published: October 2020

L’article a pour objet de faire ressortir, en s’appuyant sur une perspective sociohistorique, l’existence de dominances dans la conception des modalités d’actualisation des systèmes de formation à l’enseignement en France et aux États-Unis. Ces dominances découlent de deux traditions de mise en œuvre du système d’éducation. Si ces deux traditions ont une visée commune, l’émancipation des êtres humains, visée directement liée à la fonction du système scolaire dans un État-nation moderne, elles résultent toutefois de dynamiques historico-sociales dis-tinc-tes et elles se sont actualisées différemment dans leur société respective. Dans le contexte des échanges internationaux actuels, caractérisés entre autres par une idéologie néolibérale hégémonique portée par divers organismes et supportée par la puissance américaine, l’introduction d’éléments provenant de la tradition étasunienne dans le système éducatif français vient le perturber en suscitant des ruptures dans sa cohérence interne.
Taking Sustainability from Theory to Practice
Authors: Hargreaves Andy , Fink Dean 
Published: October 2020

Sustainable leadership and improvement are more than matters of mere endurance, of making things last. We define sustainable leadership, in line with the environmental field, in the following way: Sustainable leadership matters, spreads and lasts. It is a shared responsibility, that does not unduly deplete human or financial resources, and that cares for and avoids exerting negative damage on the surrounding educational and community environment. Sustainable leadership has an activist engagement with the forces that affect it, and builds an educational environment of organizational diversity that promotes cross-fertilization of good ideas and successful practices in communities of shared learning and development.
This definition suggests seven principles of sustainable leadership:
1. Sustainable leadership creates and preserves sustaining learning.2. Sustainable leadership secures success over time.3. Sustainable leadership sustains the leadership of others.4. Sustainable leadership addresses issues of social justice.5. Sustainable leadership develops rather than depletes human and material resources.6. Sustainable leadership develops environmental diversity and capacity.7. Sustainable leadership undertakes activist engagement with the environment
Massification de l’école, standardisation et égalité des acquis. Un contrepoint à l’article de W. Herzog
Authors: Crahay Marcel 
Published: October 2020

Selon Herzog, la réforme HarmoS cède à une logique industrielle de l’éducation. Mais cette évolution n’est pas nouvelle: depuis le 20e siècle, la massification de l’école, signe fort d’une évolution démocratique, a conduit à une organisation économique des systèmes scolaires. Cette réforme oriente les systèmes éducatifs vers un pilotage par évaluation externe des outputs. L’uniformisation par directives ne trouvant pas toujours écho dans la réalité, ne faut-il pas, pour répondre au double objectif d’efficacité et d’équité, considérer l’obligation en termes de résultats comme une solution complémentaire envisageable ? Néanmoins, et en accord avec Herzog, la réforme HarmoS semble préoccupante de part l’instrumentalisation des chercheurs et l’exclusion des enseignants des décisions réservées aux politiques. Pour enrichir le mouvement de réforme, enseignants et chercheurs doivent conserver un rôle autre que celui d’exécutants dans la confrontation démocratique.
La professionnalisation des sages-femmes: analyse par la dynamique des représentations sociales et professionnelles
Authors: Fregonese Coralie , Ratinaud Pierre 
Published: October 2020

Cette recherche porte sur la dynamique des représentations sociales et professionnelles intervenant dans le processus de professionnalisation des étudiants sages-femmes. Elle mobilise la théorie des représentations sociales et professionnelles et interroge un système représentationnel composé de deux objets: la profession de sage-femme et la profession de médecin. Une étude transversale par questionnaires auprès de 358 étudiants à différents moments de la formation (de l’année du concours à la quatrième année en école) a mis en évidence l’évolution de ces représentations lors de la formation.
Das Programm zur Nationalen Erziehung (1914-1924) oder: wie ein forcierter Kulturtransfer politisch scheitert
Authors: Giudici Anja , Manz Karin 
Published: October 2020

Wir analysieren in diesem Beitrag die Nationale Erziehung als (gescheiterten) Fall eines innerstaatlichen, forcierten Kulturtransfers. Das während des 1. Weltkrieges von der freisinnigen Elite entwickelte Programm sollte durch vermehrten Unterricht in Schweizergeschichte, Politischer Bildung und in den Schweizer Landessprachen die drohende Spaltung der Schweiz verhindern. Das Programm scheiterte jedoch aufgrund der Opposition von katholisch-konservativer, sozialistischer und bildungsföderalistischer Seite. Wir fassen diesen Fall als forcierten Kulturtransfer auf und legen dar, wie dieses Konzept die traditionelle, auf transnationale und abnehmergesteuerte Prozesse fokussierte Transferforschung im Hinblick auf den Einfluss institutioneller Faktoren sowie intendierter Prozesse um neue Perspektiven erweitern kann.
DESKRIPSI KESALAHAN SISWA MEMECAHKAN SOAL BERBENTUK CERITA PADA MATERI SEGIEMPAT
Authors: Susanti Meli , Zanthy Luvy Sylviana , Fitriani Nelly 
Published: October 2020

Soal cerita pada materi segiempat merupakan soal yang sering ditemui oleh siswa, namun kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi segiempat masih banyak melakukan kesalahan dan kekeliruan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesalahan jawaban siswa masih sangat tinggi. Kesalahan terjadi pada pemahaman siswa dalam memahami permasalahan yang terdapat pada soal, sehingga siswa mengalami kekeliruan dalam menjawab soal dengan tidak menuliskan informasi yang terdapat pada soal, keliru menggunakan rumus, keliru pada saat mengoperasikan bilangan dan tidak melengkapi dengan kesimpulan jawaban. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kesalahan siswa dalam menjawab soal cerita materi segiempat. Evaluasi kegiatan belajar dengan cara melihat hasil jawaban siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP IT Budi Luhur Kota Cimahi sebanyak 17 siswa dengan kemampuan bervariasi. Teknik pengambilan data dengan soal uraian sebanyak empat buah dan wawancara langsung dengan siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS INKURI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HOTS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Kadarisma Gida , Sari Indah Puspita , Senjayawati Eka 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya HOTS siswa pada materi trigonometri pada siswa SMA di salah satu sekolah swasta di Cimahi, siswa merasa kesulitan dalam memahami materi trigonometri dikarenakan bahan ajar yang digunakan belum memfasilitasi proses berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan bahan ajar yang berbasis inkuiri agar HOTS siswa semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari peneitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan LKS berbasis Inkuiri pada materi trigonometri. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan dengan desain 4D yaitu pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develope), dan penyebaran (desiminate), namun karena keterbatasan waktu penelitian ini tidak sampai pada tahap penyebaran. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X di salah satu SMA swasta di Kota Cimahi sebanyak 32 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen tes HOTS untuk mengukur efektivitas bahan ajar serta lembar validasi untuk mengukur validitas bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berupa LKS yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan rata-rata nilai validitas dari validator ahli sebesar 3,4 serta efektivitas dari peningkatan kemampuan HOTS sebesar 35,3%. Adapun implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu guru dapat menggunakan LKS berbasis inkuiri ini sebagai bahan ajar pada materi trigonometri agar kemampua HOTS siswa meningkat.
Spontaneous Emergence of Membrane-Forming Protoamphiphiles from a Lipid-Amino Acid Mixture Under Wet-Dry Cycles
Authors: Joshi Manesh , Sawant Anupam , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: October 2020

The prelude to the origin of cellular life on Earth would have involved a fundamental step, that of protocell formation. This involves the coming together of two crucial processes; abiotic synthesis of informational and catalytic polymers, and the assembly of membrane compartments. Mutual interactions between these processes would have likely affected the emergence and early stages of protocell evolution. Previous investigations have predominantly focused on cooperative interactions, often neglecting any competitive behavior that might ensue as ‘counterproductive cross-talk’. However, in a realistic scenario, both cooperative and competitive reactions would have occurred simultaneously in a complex prebiotic soup, generating a plethora of chemical species with their own prebiotic implications. In this study, we followed a systematic and unbiased approach to explore this interdependence. We used a lipid-amino acid system to demonstrate the above-mentioned phenomenon wherein we investigated the effect of a membrane-forming amphiphile on peptide synthesis, under prebiotically plausible conditions. Interestingly, our study shows the formation of a hitherto unobserved reaction product that could have played a significant role during the emergence of life on the early Earth. We do show that peptide synthesis occurs but with a decrease in the yield. This is due to another concurrent and competing reaction, wherein an amino acid covalently interacts with a phospholipid to generate new amphiphilic species called N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) via an ester-amide exchange process. These NAAs are thermostable and, hence, persistent even at high temperatures. Furthermore, this protoamphiphile is also able to self-assemble into vesicles at acidic pH. Au contraire, fatty acids, a widely accepted constituent of prebiotic compartments, have been shown to generate vesicles only at neutral to alkaline pH. Thus, NAAs could have had a selective advantage over fatty acids to form thermostable protocell compartments under acidic geothermal pool-like conditions, a niche that has gained prominence as one of the important geological settings where life could have originated. Our study underlines the importance of an unbiased exploration of the complex interactions between prebiotic processes, which could potentially open new avenues to solving the origin of life conundrum.
Analisis Pengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap Return Dan Abnormal Return Saham Pada 13 Perusahaan Di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2017
Authors: Joewono Jessica Berta , Octavianus Rony Joyo Negoro , Arya Bhakta N I Gusti Ngurah Agung , Suputro Christopher , Rusdi Regina Odilia , Chrisdiant Valencio , Hendrawan Vincent 
Published: October 2020

Manajemen laba merupakan hasil dari akuntasi akrual yang paling bermasalah. Penggunaan penilaian dan estimasi dalam akuntansi akrual memungkinkan manajer untuk menggunakan informasi dalam (inside information) dan pengalaman manajer untuk meningkatkan kegunaan angka akuntansi. Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan manajemen laba yang diterapkan pada 13 perusahaan dari berbagai sektor yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 menggunakan metode Jones Modification. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel berupa rasio keuangan perusahaan pada tahun 2016 dan 2017. Kemudian data- data tersebut,dimasukkan kedalam persamaan Jones Modification. Setelah menemukan nilai Discretionary Accruals dan Nondiscretionary Accruals, dilakukan perbandingan terhadap keduanya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode manajemen laba yang dilakukan 13 perusahaan tersebut pada tahun 2016-2017, manajemen laba tidak berpengaruh terhadap Actual Return namun berpengaruh pada Abnormal Return.
Analysis of pre-ablation oral anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in real clinical practice
Authors: Belokurova A. V. , Gizatulina T. P. , Khorkova N. Yu. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:To investigate the incidence of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis and to assess the oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) before catheter ablation.Material and Methods.We studied 638 patients with AF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography before AF ablation from 2014 to 2017. The analysis included the baseline characteristics of patients.Results.There was no statistical difference in the risk of thromboembolic complications (TEC) in patients with and without OAC. All patients were divided into four groups: 167 patients (26.2%) received warfarin (group 1); 128 patients (20.1%) received dabigatran (group 2); 145 patients (22.7%) received rivaroxaban or apixaban (group 3); and 198 patients (31%) were not administered with OAC (group 4). Among patients without OAC, only 26 individuals (13.1%) had a low TEC risk, whereas 172 patients had a moderate or high TEC risk. Half of group 4 received antiplatelet drugs, but a third of them had a high TEC risk and were recommended to take OAC. Patients in the pre-ablation period received different types of OAC with the same frequency. LAA thrombosis was detected in 44 patients (6.9%). Significant differences in the incidence of LAA thrombosis in patients receiving different OAC were not detected. LAA thrombosis was detected in one patient receiving dabigatran with a low risk of TEC. There was also a trend for more frequent therapeutic levels of INR in patients taking warfarin with LAA thrombosis and there were no patients with INR > 3.0. About half of patients without thrombosis were treated with subtherapeutic warfarin therapy, and only a third of them had the therapeutic range of INR.Conclusion.Not all patients with non-valvular AF take OAC at the pre-ablation period. All types of OAC are prescribed with the same frequency. Differences in the incidence of LAA thrombosis, depending on the received OAC, were not detected. There was no association between the detection of thrombosis and the therapeutic range of INR in group 1. There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of LAA thrombosis between warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban.
Assessment of the potential damaging effect of radiofrequency exposure in children in prospective follow-up (case report series)
Authors: Dzhaffarova O. Yu. , Svintsova L. I. , Plotnikova I. V. , Krivolapov S. N. , Kartofeleva E. O. 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To evaluate the electrical activity of the myocardium and the radiofrequency (RF) application zone resulting from radiofrequency ablation (RFA) performed at an early age.Material and Methods. A prospective follow-up study included three patients who underwent intracardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) and effective RFA of the tachycardia for the first time at an early age. A reintervention was required in one case 12 years after the procedure and in two cases six years after it due to recurrent and new-onset arrhythmias. During the reintervention, electroanatomical mapping was performed to assess the potential damaging effect of radiofrequency exposure in the area of the first ablation.Results. The intracardiac EPS and amplitude bipolar CARTO-reconstruction of primary ablation area were performed during repeated RFA procedure. The study showed that neither zones with a decrease in the amplitude of electrical signal from the myocardium nor silent electrical zones were present ruling out the cicatricial-sclerotic changes in the myocardium in children in the long-term period after RF exposure.Conclusion. The study showed that no increase in the coagulation necrosis zone in the area of primary ablation occurred during the growth of child when the sparing energy and temperature parameters of RFA and the limited number of RF applications were used. Further research in this area is required.
Multidetector spiral computed tomography–venography in outpatient phlebological practice
Authors: Fokin A. A. , Borsuk D. A. , Hkarednykh V. Yu. , Tauraginskii R. A. , Pankov A. S. 
Published: October 2020

Duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS) and magnetic resonance imaging are sometimes insufficient to meet our clinical needs due to specifics of given pathology and intrinsic technical limitations of these methods. This study aims to assess the need for multispiral computed tomography–venography (CT-venography) and to evaluate its diagnostic capabilities for various disorders in primary ambulatory patients in phlebology practice.Material and Methods. From January, 2017 to December,2019, a total of 10,112 patients sought initial consultation of a phlebologist. Upon examination, the physician assigned patients to one of the proposed categories using dedicated software. Analysis of these categories demonstrated the following pattern of morbidity: 2,167 patients (21.4%) had chronic venous disorders of class С0S-1 (CEAP classification); 4,460 patients (44.1%) had varicose veins of class C2-3 (CEAP classification); 351 patients (3.5%) had varicose veins of class C4-6; 570 patients (5.6%) had other diseases including post-thrombotic syndrome, acute thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and venous malformations; and 2,564 patients (25.4%) were suffering from non-venous disorders. DUS was performed in all cases.Results. The study demonstrated that 260 patients required CT-venography constituting 2.6% of the total number of patients who came to the clinic in the indicated period. The direct venography with contrast medium injection through the peripheral veins was used in 156 cases (60%). Patients did not have any significant complications, such as acute kidney injury or worsening of chronic renal failure, severe allergic reactions to the contrast agent, or problems with the puncture site of peripheral veins.Conclusions: 1) CT-venography allowed to achieve the accurate three-dimensional imaging of the venous system, providing, in some cases, the necessary information for finding solutions on optimal management. 2) The need for CT-venography may occur in 2.6% of patients in ambulatory phlebology practice. 3) CT-venography is useful for diagnosing angiodysplasias, postthrombotic and non-thrombotic lesions, complicated varicose veins, especially in recurrence, and in some cases of acute deep vein thrombosis. 4) DUS is mandatory for hemodynamic assessment in all patients before CT-venography.