bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Sediment Transport and Streamflow Under a Changing Climate and the Implications for Long‐Term Resilience of the San Francisco Bay‐Delta
Authors: Stern Michelle A. , Flint Lorraine E. , Flint Alan L. , Knowles Noah , Wright Scott A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSedimentation and turbidity have effects on habitat suitability in the San Francisco Bay‐Delta (Bay‐Delta), concerning key species in the bay as well as the ability of the delta marshes to keep pace with sea level rise. A daily rainfall runoff and transport model of the Sacramento River Basin of northern California was developed to simulate streamflow and suspended sediment transport to the Bay‐Delta for the next century (water years, WY2010–2099). The model was calibrated to historical streamflow and sediment data and applied using 10 Global Climate Models with two representative concentration pathways (RCP) each for WY1980–2099 from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. Results indicate average increases in peak streamflow of +58% and +66% for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 ensembles, respectively, by mid‐century and +62 and +96% by end‐of‐century. Sediment loads increased by +39% and +69% by end‐of‐century. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) increased on average by +4.6% and +6.7% for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, by end‐of‐century. Individual scenario results varied, and statistically significant increasing trends of sediment loads to the Bay‐Delta were found for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 ensembles and five individual scenarios. Increased suspended sediment loads may have negative effects such as contaminant transport but also have positive effects that help protect against sea level rise, increase turbidity and fish habitat, and sustain wetland habitats in the Bay‐Delta.
Mechanisms of Cold Region Hydrologic Change to Recent Wetting in a Northern Glaciated Landscape
Authors: Van Hoy Diane F. , Mahmood Taufique H. , Todhunter Paul E. , Jeannotte Tyson L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Northern Great Plains (NGP) experienced a transition from a long drought cycle to a deluge cycle in the late 1900s. Embedded within this long‐term transition were shorter‐term decadal‐scale dry and wet periods. A recent NGP drought (1999–2004) was followed in 2005 by a wet period that continues to present day. However, how surface hydrology in a northern glaciated landscape responds to increased precipitation is poorly understood and a physically based modeling framework is needed to clarify the underlying processes. This study utilizes a physically based hydrologic model to investigate the impacts of increased precipitation on the water budget by examining its partition into intermediate processes from 2004–2017 in the Mauvais Coulee Basin (MCB). The MCB model evaluations against snow observations (2016–2017) and outlet streamflow observations (2004–2017) imply strong model performance. Simulated snow exhibits high spatiotemporal variation due to variability in precipitation, snow redistribution from stubble fields to wooded areas, and snow accumulation in small depressions. Our modeling results identify two major phases (before and after 2011) exhibiting different hydrologic responses. The period before 2011 is dominated by streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET), while extreme ET dominance is observed after 2011. This switch is due to climatic conditions involving changes in the vapor density difference and depressional and subsurface storage by intermediate processes. A clear contrast in the prewinter soil moisture‐streamflow relationship between before and after 2011 is reported. Our findings help illuminate the important influences of increased precipitation upon the intermediate processes in controlling streamflow in a northern glaciated prairie landscape.
Using Ambient Noise Seismic Interferometry and Local and Teleseismic Earthquakes to Determine Crustal Thickness and Moho Structure of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Margin
Authors: Thangraj J. S. , Quiros D. A. , Pulliam J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico has undergone two episodes of continental rifting and collision and produced structural artifacts that are now buried under many kilometers of sediments, complicating investigations of the region. The deep sedimentary package precludes outcrops and points to a need for the application of seismic techniques, but low rates of seismicity in the region and sparse seismic monitoring limit the utility of traditional seismic methods. We therefore use diverse data to perform two‐dimensional seismic tomography across the dry land portion of the margin. Data are gleaned from teleseismic and regional earthquakes, postcritical SsPmp arrivals, and direct P wave energy identified with seismic interferometry that were recorded by a broadband, three‐component array and partially overlapping short‐period, vertical‐component array. The Pn and postcritical SsPmp phase help constrain the Moho discontinuity, which a previous receiver function study suggested was absent beneath the seaward portion of this transect. A high‐velocity body is observed in the crust at the same location as the Houston Magnetic Anomaly, possibly marking rocks from the Alleghenian continental assembly. The crust thins from NW to SE, indicating that extension occurred mostly to the south of the Ouachita orogeny. Our model indicates that the margin's sediment package reaches a maximum thickness of ~15 km at the coast and becomes unresolvably thin near the Llano Uplift.
Subduction Dynamics and Mantle Pressure: 1. An Analytical Framework Relating Subduction Geometry, Plate Motion, and Asthenospheric Pressure
Authors: Royden Leigh H. , Holt Adam F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent work suggests that slab dip may be controlled by differences in dynamic pressure above and below the slab at mid‐asthenospheric depth, motivating exploration of how plate and slab motion are linked to dynamic pressure in the asthenosphere. This paper, the first of two companion papers, presents an analytical method for determining dynamic pressure and velocity in a thin asthenospheric channel, with linear viscosity, consistent with prescribed plate and slab kinematics. Slabs are explicitly incorporated as vertical barriers to asthenospheric flow. Dynamic pressure is expressed as sums of functions with two functional forms, Pedge and Pwall; the former generates discontinuities in velocity (but not pressure) at non‐slab boundaries, and the latter generates discontinuities in pressure (but not velocity) at boundaries with slabs. Application to simple rectangular plate systems demonstrates that asthenospheric velocities within about one trench length of slabs are insensitive to processes on the opposing side of the slab, that dynamic pressure scales linearly with trench length for a given plate aspect ratio and scales approximately linearly with the shortest plate dimension. Although dynamic pressure is quasisymmetrical across convergent plate boundaries that lack slabs, the presence of slabs creates discontinuity and asymmetry in dynamic pressure across subduction zones. When flux of asthenosphere into the lower mantle occurs adjacent to subducting slabs, dynamic pressure is decreased on the side of the slab where down‐flux occurs. This analytical method, applied to systems with multiple arbitrarily shaped plate boundaries, yields excellent results as benchmarked against 3‐D numerical solutions.
The Generation of Upward‐Propagating Whistler Mode Waves by Electron Beams in the Jovian Polar Regions
Authors: Elliott S. S. , Gurnett D. A. , Yoon P. H. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , Ebert R. W. , Clark G. , Valek P. , Allegrini F. , Bolton S. J. , Menietti J. D. , Louarn P. , Sulaiman A. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUpward‐moving energetic electrons with energies of 1 MeV and above were observed over the entire Jovian polar region. The electrons were found to be associated with intense broadband whistler mode waves, similar to terrestrial whistler mode auroral hiss. Upward‐propagating whistler mode hiss at Earth is known to be generated by upward‐moving, magnetic field‐aligned electron beams (from electric field‐aligned potentials), by a beam‐plasma instability at the Landau resonance. Assuming this process at Jupiter, we present a linear stability analysis, showing the electron distribution functions (based on inverted‐V observations made by the Juno Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment, JADE‐E, instrument) are unstable. The polarization of the modeled waves is consistent with whistler mode hiss (right‐hand circularly polarized). From the results of the linear stability analysis, we find that the calculated growth rates are sufficient to produce the observed whistler mode waves.
Effect of Additional Magnetograph Observations From Different Lagrangian Points in Sun‐Earth System on Predicted Properties of Quasi‐Steady Solar Wind at 1 AU
Authors: Pevtsov A. A. , Petrie G. , MacNeice P. , Virtanen I. I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModeling the space weather conditions for a near‐Earth environment depends on a proper representation of magnetic fields on the Sun. There are discussions in the community with respect to the value of observations taken at several Lagrangian points (L1–L5) in the Sun‐Earth system. Observations from a single (e.g., Earth/L1) vantage point are insufficient to characterize rapid changes in magnetic field on the far side of the Sun. Nor can they represent well the magnetic fields near the solar poles. However, if the changes in sunspot activity were moderate, how well would our predictions of the solar wind based on a single viewing point work? How much improvement could we see by adding magnetograph observations from L5, L4, and even L3? Here, we present the results of our recent modeling, which shows the level of improvement in forecasting the properties of the solar wind at Earth made possible by using additional observations from different vantage points during a period of moderate evolution of sunspot activity. As an example, we also show the improvements to the solar wind forecast from adding a single observation of the southern polar area from out‐of‐ecliptic spacecraft at −30° heliographic latitude vantage point.
The Day‐Night Difference and Geomagnetic Activity Variation of Energetic Electron Fluxes in Region of South Atlantic Anomaly
Authors: Li L. Y. , Zhou S. P. , Wei S. H. , Yang J. Y. , Sauvaud J. A. , Berthelier J. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUtilizing the DEMETER observations at 670 km, we examined the day‐night difference of energetic electrons (100–800 keV) in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region and their dependence on geomagnetic activities in different seasons. Under geomagnetically quiet conditions, the fluxes of higher‐energy electrons (>200 keV) in the dusk and midnight (MLT ~ 19–24 hr) are usually larger than those in the morning (MLT ~ 8–12 hr) in the core region of the SAA (−50 ≤ λ ≤ − 20deg) during the northern and southern summers (21 March 2007 to 23 September 2007 and 23 September 2007 to 21 March 2008). The day‐night difference of energetic electrons in SAA region depends not only on the electron energy but also on the geomagnetic activity levels. Enhanced geomagnetic activities increase the energetic electrons in morning and hence weaken their day‐night difference in the SAA region.
Evaluation of Methods for Causal Discovery in Hydrometeorological Systems
Authors: Ombadi Mohammed , Nguyen Phu , Sorooshian Soroosh , Hsu Kuo‐lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding causal relations is of utmost importance in hydrology and climate research for systems identification, prediction, and understanding systems behavior in a changing climate. Traditionally, researchers in hydrometeorology attempted to study causal questions by conducting controlled experiments using numerical models. This approach, however, in most cases of interest provides uncertain results because the models are approximate representation of the natural system. An alternative approach that has recently drawn significant attention in several fields is to infer causal relations from purely observational data. It possesses several traits to its utility particularly in hydrometeorology due to the rapid accumulation of in situ and remotely sensed data records. The first objective of this study is to present a brief description of four causal discovery methods (Granger causality, Transfer Entropy, graph‐based algorithms, and Convergent Cross Mapping) with special emphasis on the assumptions on which they are built. Second, using synthetic data generated from a hydrological model, we assess their performance in retrieving causal information taking into account sensitivity to sample size and presence of noise. Last, we use causal analysis to examine and formulate hypotheses on causal drivers of evapotranspiration in a shrubland region during summer and winter seasons. An interpretation of the hypotheses based on canopy seasonal dynamics and evapotranspiration processes is presented. It is hoped that the results presented here can be useful in guiding researchers studying hydrometeorological systems as to which causal method is most appropriate to the characteristics of the system under study.
Risk of COVID-19 Transmission During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a viral illness caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is highly contagious virus with human-to-human transmission being primarily attributed to direct contact or air droplets. It is highly infectious and contagious due to high-viable viral loads in the upper respiratory tract secretions of infected patients and also similar viral load being detected in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The virus stability characteristics and modes of transmission via fomites and air droplets make gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy a high-risk procedure for COVID-19 transmission. This review discusses the currently available literature on risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during GI endoscopy.
Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—Do We Need to Change Anything?
Authors: Zacharias Prakash , Ahamed Hasim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.
Way Forward: Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy Work Flow Postlockdown Era
Authors: Sud Randhir , Sud Sukrit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal tract endoscopy being an aerosol generating procedure increases the risk to staff and uninfected patients from a coronavirus disease 2019 patient. Social and physical distancing through “lockdown” has suppressed the spread of disease but will not eradicate it. Various endoscopy societies formulated guidelines to triage the patients and limit the work to only emergency and urgent cases and postpone “routine” endoscopies. Postlockdown infected vector pool will persist till an effective vaccine is widely available. Nonurgent cases cannot be postponed indefinitely. We need to identify infected symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and create a safe environment for uninfected patients. Endoscopy staff protection through education, optimized manpower flow, and personal protective equipment usage and hand hygiene needs urgent attention. Proper environment sanitization, endoscope, and device reprocessing will remain important.
Translaboration as legitimation of philosophical translation
Authors: Heller Lavinia , Hawkins Spencer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Even highly regarded translators cannot escape the common suspicion that philosophical ideas are not communicable
in foreign languages – a suspicion that plagues philosophical translation. Translators effectively counter this distrust of
translation when they explicitly claim to have collaborated with the author. This paper focuses on the Italian translation of
Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) (first published in 1927; Heidegger 1986a), titled Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006,
trans. Marini), whose translator, Alfredo Marini, took particularly interesting measures to legitimate his work. This case is
especially intriguing because Pietro Chiodi’s earlier translation (Heidegger 1953, 1976, 2005) is still popular in Italy despite Chiodi’s own complaints that the German text is untranslatable. The widespread acceptance
of the earlier Italian translation presents a considerable problem of legitimation for Marini, who counters Chiodi’s views by
arguing for the translatability of the text and supports his argument through a rhetorically constructed scene of collaborative
translation. I begin this paper by retracing Marini’s strategy for presenting Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006, trans. Marini) as a ‘translaboration’ (a collaborative translation),
before addressing concerns that collaborative translation could hinder the translator’s creativity. I show that Marini’s
translation achieves its most creative, and at times eccentric, effects through his close collaboration with the (deceased)
philosopher, Martin Heidegger.
Animal Biotechnology Roles in Livestock Production
Authors: Funahashi Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrently, meat and milk productions are significantly increasing especially in Asia. The supply of these products is vital to people’s health and well-being, whereas the efficiency of beef production appears to be still lower than other meat productions. Improvements in the quality and functionality of their livestock products, as well as their production efficiency, are required for further production. Animal biotechnologies have contributed to genetic improvement, genetic diversity maintenance of domestic animals, etc. Basic animal biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer, have been well established and applied as powerful tools for genetic improvement of livestock. In the applications of artificial insemination techniques, the use of sexed semen has been now widely spread, and also efforts are also made in the development of the technology using a small amount of sperm. For embryo transfer, several types of vitrification technologies have been applied to improve pregnancy rates and contributed to the international/domestic supply of livestock embryos. Conventional animal biotechnologies, such as in vitro fertilization and intracellular sperm injection, have been applied to not only livestock production and also human-assisted reproductive medicine. For in-vitro production of embryos in domestic animals, currently, oocytes have been collected from medium or large follicles (3-6 mm or larger in diameter) of ovaries. Although the oocytes derived from small follicles (less than 3 mm in diameter) exist more on the surface of ovaries, the developmental competence of the oocytes has been known to be significantly lower than those from medium follicles. If we could improve the competence of oocytes derived from small follicles significantly, we may be able to increase the number of female gamete resources for in vitro embryo production. Also, the development of techniques for producing transgenic and cloned animals has greatly contributed to the creation of pharmaceuticals and organs for xenotransplantation. Recently, furthermore, genome editing technologies, such as combined use of CRISPR/Cas9 and PiggyBac, have been developed and have made it possible to correct specific parts of the genome and introduce mutations by homologous recombination. In this review, I would like to discuss the application and progress of the above biotechnologies, including our recent research results.
Integrated livestock business and industry in Indonesia
Authors: Said Syahruddin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Currently, Indonesia’s population reaches 261 million people is the fourth largest country in terms of population. The current average meat consumption of 2.72 kg/capita/year is projected to continue to increase due to the growing population, income, and animal protein consumption. The increasing demand for meat has not been matched by domestic beef production, the supply of which is less than 60% of the national demand for beef, and the gap between beef supply and demand is increasing. To fulfill the demand for meat, the Indonesian Government has been importing meat and live feeder and slaughter cattle and some breeding stock. To encourage an increase in population and genetic quality of livestock in Indonesia, LIPI collaborates with PT. KAR create a model of beef cattle breeding industry in Indonesia and has been implemented in the private beef cattle industry. The collaboration focus on increasing population and genetic improvement of Indonesian cattle especially in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The regulations for feedlot companies to import feeder cattle and female breeding stock at a ratio of 5:1 within every period of feedlot creates difficulties for feedlot companies due to a shortage of resources including capital and land. Control of female breeding cattle which are slaughtered, breeding and reproductive technologies, feeding strategies, integrated cattle farming system and developing inclusive business models are among the issues that could be considered to improve domestic beef production and develop cattle business in Indonesia.
Antibacterial Activity of Maja Fruit Extract Against Escherichia coli and Its Potential as Urease Inhibitor for Reducing Ammonia Emission in Poultry Excreta
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Lewa N , Prasetyo R A , Kurniawati A , Erwanto Y , Bachruddin Z , Muhlisin  , Wihandoyo  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Essential oil is one of the natural compounds from plant extract that has the potential as a natural antibacterial for inhibiting the hydrolysis of urea compound into ammonia gas in livestock wastes. This research aims to measure antibacterial effects of Maja Fruits Extract (MFE) on Escherichia coli and its potential as a urease inhibitor in excreta medium. MFE was extracted using Maceration method. The results indicated that antibacterial activity of MFE was low or resistant, with the biggest diameter of inhibition zone occurred on agar medium was 14.26 ± 0.75 mm. The antibacterial ability of MFE with an addition of 3% (v/v) in liquid medium gave the lowest graph of bacterial growth. MFE has the potential as an antibacterial and urease inhibitor compound, which could be applied to inhibit the hydrolysis of urea by microorganisms so that it can reduce the emission of ammonia gas from livestock wastes, especially chicken excreta.