bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of field-aligned current in the meridional plane during substorm: multipoint observations from satellites and ground stations
Authors: Imajo Shun , Nosé Masahito , Aida Mari , Higashio Nana , Matsumoto Haruhisa , Kiyokazu Koga , Smith Charles , MacDowall Robert J. , Yoshikawa Akimasa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the propagation of substorm-associated magnetic fluctuations by multipoint magnetic observations from ground and space in the same meridional plane. The first Quasi-Zenith Satellite (QZS-1), which has a unique orbit of quasi-zenith orbit with an inclination of $$41^\circ$$41∘, an apogee of 7.1 $$R_E$$RE radial distance, and an orbital period of 24 h, can stay for a long time in the near-earth magnetotail away from the magnetic equator. We examined a substorm event during 15:00–16:00 UT on July 09, 2013 when QZS-1 was located at $$31^\circ$$31∘ dipole latitude and 23.5 h dipole magnetic local time. The Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII), Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms D (THEMIS-D) at a radial distance of $$\sim 10$$∼10$$R_E$$RE, and THEMIS-E at a radial distance of $$\sim 7$$∼7$$R_E$$RE were located near the equator in the similar magnetic meridian. The dipolarization was first observed at THEMIS-D at 15:14:30 UT. Then, $$\sim 1$$∼1 min later, magnetic fluctuations were observed by ETS-VIII and THEMIS-E. At the same time, the magnetic bay and Pi2 pulsation were observed at low-latitude magnetic observatories and the Radiation Belt Storm Probes B satellite in the inner magnetosphere. We found that QZS-1 away from the equator observed a strong azimuthal magnetic field fluctuation with a long delay of 15 min from the first dipolarization at THEMIS-D near the equator. The speed of the poleward propagating magnetic fluctuation between the ionospheric footprints is calculated to be 310 $$\left[ \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}\right]$$m/s, which is consistent with a typical speed of auroral poleward expansion. A similar time delay of the onset of the negative bay was observed between the Tixie (AACGM $$\hbox {MLAT}=66.8^\circ$$MLAT=66.8∘) and Kotelny (AACGM $$\hbox {MLAT}=71.0^\circ$$MLAT=71.0∘) observatories near the ionospheric footprint of satellites. We suggest that the long delay time of the magnetic fluctuation at QZS-1 was associated with the crossing of field-aligned current during the poleward expansion of the substorm current system. The distribution of azimuthal magnetic field variations in the magnetosphere indicates that the east side downward current extended more west side in the higher latitude part of the current wedge.
A case study of correspondence between Pc1 activity and ionospheric irregularities at polar latitudes
Authors: Francia P. , Regi M. , De Lauretis M. , Pezzopane M. , Cesaroni C. , Spogli L. , Raita T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA possible driver of precipitation of magnetospheric energetic electrons in the high-latitude atmosphere is represented by electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) magnetospheric waves. The precipitating particles produce variations, by collision, in the ionized component of the atmosphere, altering its chemistry and electrical conductivity, with a significant impact on the atmospheric processes. In this framework, it would be significant to find experimental evidence of a correspondence between ionospheric electron density irregularities and the occurrence of Ultra-Low-Frequency (ULF) Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, i.e., the ground signatures of EMIC waves, at high latitudes. In this work, we face this subject by considering a specific case study occurred on 22 February 2007 during quiet magnetospheric conditions. The study is based on the analysis of simultaneous ULF geomagnetic field and Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements recorded at Mario Zucchelli Station in Antarctica. We show that Pc1 pulsations occur in correspondence to solar wind pressure increases and that, at the same time, the ionosphere is characterized by the presence of ionospheric irregularities. We suggest that a possible link between the Pc1 activity and the ionospheric irregularities may be energetic electron precipitations, driven by EMIC waves generated in the compressed magnetosphere, which produce density variations in the ionized component of the atmosphere.
Unclassified hepatocellular adenoma with histological brown pigment deposition and serum PIVKA-II level elevation: a case report
Authors: Hoshino Kouki , Harimoto Norifumi , Muranushi Ryo , Hagiwara Kei , Yamanaka Takahiro , Ishii Norihiro , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Igarashi Takamichi , Watanabe Akira , Kubo Norio , Araki Kenichiro , Tomomasa Ran , Nobusawa Sumihito , Aishima Shinichi , Nakashima Osamu , Shirabe Ken 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is conventionally considered a rare benign liver tumor, but advanced studies have revealed that HCA is heterogeneous, and may include a type that is prone to malignant transformations. Differentiation between well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia is necessary to diagnose hepatocellular adenoma through imaging; however, the tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, protein induced by vitamin K absence, or antagonist II (PIVKA-II), is rarely positive in hepatocellular adenoma.

Case presentation
A 44-year-old woman presented to our hospital with complaints of loss of appetite and weight loss. Multidetector row computed tomography revealed a liver tumor (diameter, 80 mm) that was enhanced in the arterial phase. Her serum PIVKA-II level was very high (3327 mAU/mL). Based on the enlargement of the mass and the results of the diagnostic imaging, hepatocellular adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma was suspected, and we considered the possibility of a malignant transformation due to the high level of serum PIVKA-II; thus, we performed hepatectomy. Histological examination showed brown pigment deposition in the hepatocytes, which was determined to be lipofuscin granules. Based on immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis was unclassified hepatocellular adenoma. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the adenoma cells in the tumor were positive for PIVKA-II. Her serum PIVKA-II level returned to normal after the resection.

Conclusions
We present a case of unclassified hepatocellular adenoma with brown pigment deposition and elevation of serum PIVKA-II level. For the differentiation of liver tumors with high levels of PIVKA-II and hypervascular mass, hepatocellular adenoma should be considered.
Gender, planning, and academic expectations in first-year higher education students: testing two alternative mediation models
Authors: Alfonso Sonia , Diniz António M. , Deaño Manuel , Tellado Fernando , García-Señorán Mar , Conde Ángeles , Iglesias-Sarmiento Valentín 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined the relationships among gender, planning, and academic expectations through the testing of two alternative models with latent variables tested with LISREL 8.80: one model considered planning as a mediator of the relationship between gender and academic expectations, and the other model considered academic expectations as mediators of the relationship between gender and planning. Participants were 662 first-year higher-education students from two academic years, predominantly female (60%) and mainly with majors in the juridical-social field (66.2%). The Inventario sobre Estrategias Metacognitivas (IEM; Inventory of Metacognitive Strategies) and the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) were applied at the beginning of the first semester to assess planning and academic expectations, respectively. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the IEM’s structure after examining its psychometric properties with the sample from the first academic year (N = 338). The test of the alternative mediation models with the full sample indicates that the best model was that with planning as a mediator. In this model, gender directly predicted only two APQ academic expectations, but with the mediation of planning, gender predicted all seven academic expectations. Women showed higher levels of academic expectations and planning than did men. The results are discussed at both the theoretical and practical levels.
Modeling the trend of coronavirus disease 2019 and restoration of operational capability of metropolitan medical service in China: a machine learning and mathematical model-based analysis
Authors: Liu Zeye , Huang Shuai , Lu Wenlong , Su Zhanhao , Yin Xin , Liang Huiying , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
To contain the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, many unprecedented intervention measures are adopted by the government. However, these measures may interfere in the normal medical service. We sought to model the trend of COVID-19 and estimate the restoration of operational capability of metropolitan medical service in China.

Methods
Real-time data of COVID-19 and population mobility data were extracted from open sources. SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) and neural network models (NNs) were built to model disease trends in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Combined with public transportation data, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to estimate the accumulated demands for nonlocal hospitalization during the epidemic period in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.

Results
The number of infected people and deaths would increase by 45% and 567% respectively, given that the government only has implemented traffic control in Wuhan without additional medical professionals. The epidemic of Wuhan (measured by cumulative confirmed cases) was predicted to reach turning point at the end of March and end in later April, 2020. The outbreak in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou was predicted to end at the end of March and the medical service could be fully back to normal in middle of April. During the epidemic, the number of nonlocal inpatient hospitalizations decreased by 69.86%, 57.41% and 66.85% in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou respectively. After the end of epidemic, medical centers located in these metropolises may face 58,799 (95% CI 48926–67,232) additional hospitalization needs in the first month.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 epidemic in China has been effectively contained and medical service across the country is expected to return to normal in April. However, the huge unmet medical needs for other diseases could result in massive migration of patients and their families, bringing tremendous challenges for medical service in major metropolis and disease control for the potential asymptomatic virus carrier.
Isolation, identification of entomopathogenic nematodes, and preliminary study of their virulence against the great wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Khashaba Etr H. K. , Moghaieb Reda E. A. , Abd El Azim Amany M. , Ibrahim Sanaa A. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a group of biological control agents that are characterized by their ability to search for hosts, safety to non-target insects and environment, and their ability to be used combined with agricultural chemicals. The objectives of this study were to isolate EPNs from agricultural soil in Egypt and study their virulence against the great wax moth,Galleria mellonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), for further use in biological control program. Two out of 20 soil samples collected from orchards cultivated with olives and mango were positive for the presence of EPNs, using theGalleriabaiting technique. The positive soil samples were sandy clay loam. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated that the isolates obtained belong toHeterorhabditis indica. The ITS sequences were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and registered under the accession nos. MH553167 andMK300683. The efficacy of the isolates was tested onG. mellonella, using different nematodes’ concentrations. Using 50 IJs/larvae fromH. indicaAborawash and ERSAG2 showed 100 and 86% mortality rate after 48 h, respectively. The penetration rate reported in deadG. mellonellawas 40% atH. indicaAborawash, while it was 35% in case of ERSAG2.
Software development for modeling irregular fine protrusions formed by sputter etching
Authors: Gao Sande , Nakasa Keijiro , Huang Loulin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIrregular fine protrusions formed on the surface of a mechanical part through biomimetic technology can enhance the part’s properties, including tribology, self-cleaning, and light absorption. However, underlying principles for the formation of fine protrusions according to the requirements of their shapes, sizes, and material distributions have not been studied sufficiently. This paper presents the software development for modeling irregular fine protrusions, which is essential for the simulation, experimentation, and analysis of fine protrusions formed by sputter etching.
Wild primate microbiomes prevent weight gain in germ-free mice
Authors: Sidiropoulos Dimitrios N. , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A. , Shields-Cutler Robin R. , Ward Tonya L. , Johnson Abigail J. , Vangay Pajau , Knights Dan , Kashyap Purna C. , Xian Yibo , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Clayton Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe gut microbiome harbors trillions of bacteria that play a major role in dietary nutrient extraction and host metabolism. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are associated with shifts in microbiome composition and have been on the rise in Westernized or highly industrialized countries. At the same time, Westernized diets low in dietary fiber have been shown to cause loss of gut microbial diversity. However, the link between microbiome composition, loss of dietary fiber, and obesity has not been well defined.ResultsTo study the interactions between gut microbiota, dietary fiber, and weight gain, we transplanted captive and wild douc gut microbiota into germ-free mice and then exposed them to either a high- or low-fiber diet. The group receiving captive douc microbiota gained significantly more weight, regardless of diet, while mice receiving a high-fiber diet and wild douc microbiota remained lean. In the presence of a low-fiber diet, the wild douc microbiota partially prevented weight gain. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing we identified key bacterial taxa in each group, specifically a high relative abundance ofBacteroidesandAkkermansiain captive douc FMT mice and a higher relative abundance ofLactobacillusandClostridiumin the wild douc FMT mice.ConclusionsIn the context of our germ-free mouse experiment, wild douc microbiota could serve as a reservoir for microbes for cross-species transplants. Our results suggest that wild douc microbiota are tailored to diverse fiber diets and can prevent weight gain when exposed to a native diet.Graphical abstract
Microbial symbiosis and coevolution of an entire clade of ancient vertebrates: the gut microbiota of sea turtles and its relationship to their phylogenetic history
Authors: Scheelings Titus Franciscus , Moore Robert J. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Klaassen Marcel , Reina Richard D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe microbiota plays a critical role in host homeostasis and has been shown to be a major driving force in host evolution. However, our understanding of these important relationships is hampered by a lack of data for many species, and by significant gaps in sampling of the evolutionary tree. In this investigation we improve our understanding of the host-microbiome relationship by obtaining samples from all seven extant species of sea turtle, and correlate microbial compositions with host evolutionary history.ResultsOur analysis shows that the predominate phyla in the microbiota of nesting sea turtles was Proteobacteria. We also demonstrate a strong relationship between the bacterial phyla SR1 and sea turtle phylogeny, and that sea turtle microbiotas have changed very slowly over time in accordance with their similarly slow phenotypic changes.ConclusionsThis is one of the most comprehensive microbiota studies to have been performed in a single clade of animals and further improves our knowledge of how microbial populations have influenced vertebrate evolution.
The fecal microbiota of wild and captive raptors
Authors: Oliveira Bruno C. M. , Murray Maureen , Tseng Florina , Widmer Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The microorganisms populating the gastro-intestinal tract of vertebrates, collectively known as “microbiota”, play an essential role in digestion and are important in regulating the immune response. Whereas the intestinal microbiota in humans and model organisms has been studied for many years, much less is known about the microbiota populating the intestinal tract of wild animals.

Results
The relatively large number of raptors admitted to the Tufts Wildlife Clinic on the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University campus provided a unique opportunity to investigate the bacterial microbiota in these birds. Opportunistic collection of fecal samples from raptors of 7 different species in the orders Strigiformes, Accipitriformes, and Falconiformes with different medical histories generated a collection of 46 microbiota samples. Based on 16S amplicon sequencing of fecal DNA, large β-diversity values were observed. Many comparisons exceeded weighted UniFrac distances of 0.9. Microbiota diversity did not segregate with the taxonomy of the host; no significant difference between microbiota from Strigiformes and from Accipitriformes/Falconiformes were observed. In contrast, in a sample of 22 birds admitted for rehabilitation, a significant effect of captivity was found. The change in microbiota profile was driven by an expansion of the proportion of Actinobacteria. Based on a small number of raptors treated with anti-microbials, no significant effect of these treatments on microbiota α-diversity was observed.

Conclusions
The concept of “meta-organism conservation”, i.e., conservation efforts focused on the host and its intestinal microbiome has recently been proposed. The observed effect of captivity on the fecal microbiota is relevant to understanding the response of wildlife to captivity and optimizing wildlife rehabilitation and conservation efforts.
Chemical pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion: which agent is perfect?
Authors: Saleh Mohamed Elshabrawy , Awad Gehad , Sanad Mohammed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pleurodesis is defined as symphysis between two layers of pleura to prevent recurrence of effusion, and it is the best available treatment for recurrent effusions of incurable malignancies. An ideal agent must be highly effective, safe, inexpensive, and readily available which is yet to be identified.
The aim of this study was to assess our results of medical pleurodesis, using 3 different chemical agents: bleomycin ampoules, doxycycline capsules, povidone–iodine solution, through two different routes, chest tube and small bore indwelling catheter.
Over a period of 5 years, 104 patients with malignant recurrent pleural effusion underwent pleurodesis at our university hospital, using 3 different agents and two routes of delivery.

Results
Fifty patients were male, patients’ age ranged from 22 to 74 years (57.55 ± 9.02). Fifty-nine patients (56.7%) had right-sided effusion, 61 patients (58.7%) had massive effusion. All patients were dyspneic. The rout of effusion drainage and sclerosing agent instillation was chest tube in 64 patients (61.5%) and small indwelling catheter in 40 patients. Forty-three patients received bleomycin, 36 patients received doxycycline, and 25 patients received povidone–iodine. The total success rate was 78.8%.

Conclusion
Pleurodesis is a safe acceptable palliative procedure for malignant pleural effusion with not yet definite ideal agent or rout. Hence, the availability and the expense of agent are important.
How, When, and With Whom Should Cost of Care Conversations Occur? Preferences of Two Distinct Cancer Survivor Groups
Authors: Pisu Maria , Banegas Matthew P. , Liang Margaret I. , Tuzzio Leah , Henrikson Nora B. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:Cost of care (CoC) conversations should occur routinely in oncology practice. However, patient preferences about with whom, when, and how to have these conversations are missing and preferences may vary across patient populations.METHODS:We performed a secondary qualitative analysis of quotes from interviews with 28 cancer survivors from two health care settings (Kaiser Permanente Washington and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Alabama at Birmingham [UABCCC]). A targeted approach searched for three constructs: (1) Who should have CoC conversations with patients? (2) When should CoC conversations occur? and (3) How should CoC conversations happen?RESULTS:Interviewees were similar in age and education, but UABCCC participants had more racial/ethnic minority representation and financial distress. Within each construct, themes were similar across both groups. As to who should have CoC conversations, we found that (1) providers’ main role is medical care, not CoC; and (2) care team staff members are a more appropriate choice to address CoC needs. About the question of when, we found that (3) individuals have strong convictions about when and if they want to discuss CoC; and (4) CoC information and resources need to be available when patients are ready. About the question of how, themes were (5) provide estimates of anticipated out-of-pocket costs and insurance coverage; (6) provide reassurance, sympathy, and concrete solutions; and (7) because of their sensitivity, conduct CoC conversations in a comfortable, private space.CONCLUSION:These findings offer general guidance as to who should conduct CoC conversations and when and how they should occur, with applicability across different patient populations.
Endocrinologist Burnout: We Need to Tackle It and Bring Joy to Work
Authors: Gabbay Robert A , Barrett Alana M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Physician burnout is a national problem that has gained increasing attention among the medical community. Many organizations like the American Medical Association, American College of Physicians, and the National Academy of Medicine are taking action.

Evidence Acquisition
Endocrinologists and other members of the endocrine community are not immune to burnout. Approximately 47% of endocrinologists report feeling burnt out or have experienced symptoms of burnout, and this number is rising.

Evidence Synthesis
The consequences of burnout include personal factors such as stress, depression, and risk of suicide as well as organizational impacts like decreased quality of care, increased clinical errors, reduced empathy for patients, decreased patient satisfaction, and higher turnover rates, with some physicians leaving practice altogether. Burnout has substantial economic impacts at an organizational level, and high costs are associated with replacing, recruiting, and retraining endocrinologists. Endocrinologists identified feeling a lack of respect from administration, excessive bureaucratic tasks, increased computerization, emphasis on profit that has contributed to loss of control over schedules, and insufficient compensation as top contributors to burnout. One strategy to address burnout is to focus on the promotion of joy in work. Joy in work is guided by 4 key themes: meaning, camaraderie, choice, and equity. Each of these themes can be implemented through cocreating solutions. We discuss how each theme can be addressed among endocrine practices.

Conclusion
Ultimately, initiatives need to be implemented across the endocrinology community to cultivate joy and reduce burnout.