bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FEEDING TREATMENT WITH SOME EXTRACTS OF BLACK PEPPER ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COTTON LEAF WORM
Authors: & et al. AL-Khazraji 
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to study the effect of food treatment leaves of Malva sylvestris with ethanol ,ethyl acetate, hexane and oil extract of black pepper fruits Piper nigrum on some biological aspects of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis by using the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5% of each extract, The results of feeding treatments of second larvae instar showed an increase in mortality percentages which reached 100% at the all extracts when using 5% concentrate. used in the test, while the highest mortality reached to 26.7% when using ethanol extract at 5% concentrate for sixth larvae instar fed on treated leaves for 24 hrs., it was also found that the period of larvae growth and pupae were prolonged by ethanol extract which reached to 33 days at the conc. 2.5% for the second larvae instar while reached 25 days in control, and pupae growth reached to 14 days at the same conc. while reached 10.3 days in control.
ESTIMATION OF VARIANCES , GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS FOR SOME TRAITS OF MAIZE UNDER HIGHEST UNDUR NITROGEN ABUNDANCE
Authors: Bunder S. J. 
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was estimation of variances, broad sense heritability genotypic and phenotypic correlation for some traits of maize under nitrogen abundance . the experiment was conducted at the farm of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci., College of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad during the Spring and fall seasons of 2012 under level 400 Kg N. ha rate-1 . Diallel cross was performed among four maize inbred lines (Zm7, Zm607, Oh40, Zr8) to produce six single crosses in spring season . The seeds of parents and crosses were sown in fall season using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The results showed significant difference among genotypes and the values of the genotypic variance were more than environment variance in all studied characters. The values of phenotypic coefficients of variation larger than the genotypic and the higher rate of genotypic coefficient of variation for 300 grain weight 16.74, no. of grain per row 15.05 and leaves area 12.18. furthermore high estimates of broad sense heritability were observed for all characters and the highest value 81.45 for 300 weight grain and 75.31 for leaves area .The grain yield gave high significant negative genotypic and phenotypic with silking date and positive with plant height , leaves area , no. of grain per row , 300 grain weight. It was concluded that a breeder can use leaves area , no. of grain per row and grain weight as selection index in selection program of maize under high nitrogen
MARKETING MARGIN ACCOUNT BETWEEN THE PRODUCER AND CONSUMER PRICE OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD AND THE PRICE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON FOR SUMMER 2014
Authors: & et al. Al- Fraji 
Published: June 2020

This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry. How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2 and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the wholesale of consumer spending about 12% and tomatoes %13.5 of the option and water %11.2 of the eggplant and %9.5 and potato %9.2 onion dry. What share of the retailer of consumer spending about % 29.7 and tomatoes 23.3% of the option and water (36.4%) of the eggplant and 34.2% and potatoes 41.0% of dry onions. The relative importance of the terms of marketing margin for vegetable crops school came first prize profit retailer as it drew %42.6, and came in second place transportation as the percentage %18.8. And the third place came the profits of the wholesaler as the percentage %17.7, And it was ranked fourth marketing operations costs as the percentage %10.1 it ranked fifth packing costs amounting to % 9.2 . It came sixth rank as loading costs amounted to %1.3. And that the margin between the search marketing is relatively high despite the decline in its absolute value, to the short distance between the producer and the consumer on the one hand and the lack of marketing tasks on the other hand care. Find recommendations came out of perhaps the most important work to raise marketing efficiency by changing market performance so that leads to lower costs functionality without modifying or reducing benefits or increasing the marketing benefits of marketing services without increasing marketing costs or achieve both.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR A RISK IN THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT ON OF HIGH SALINITY SOILS WHICH IN IRAQ, USING THE MODEL (MOTAD) - WASIT GOVORNORATE AN APPLIED MODEL
Authors: & Farhan Nassir 
Published: June 2020

Agriculture is a biological industry with highly vulnerable to natural factors, so the cultivation of wheat crop is very risky in lands, characterized by high levels of soil salinity, leading to high risk and uncertainty component. For this Al-MOTAD model has been adopted to analysis the risk. The research depends on a random sample composed of 590 farmers, representing eight agricultural sectors from agricultural cultivation Wasit Directorate. The Basic Plan for linear programming been designed , and then built al MOTAD model for risk, after nine plans to al MOTAD model represent different levels of degrees of risk posed by the average total absolute deviations A, with levels of income E, until it reached the degree of risk to a minimum as possible in results of ninth Plan to zero level for degrees of risk with the level of net return of 39028220 dinars, cultivation 260578 donnum, and 145560 donnum, and 122748 donnum, and 83611.7 donnum of wheat in different levels of the soil which does not exceed the salinity 8 ds m-1. And cultivating 10428 donnum of industrial barley , and 137663.3 donnum of Gath, and 2422.8 donnum maize in the land that salinity level higher than 8 ds m-1.
EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT, S COMPONENT
Authors: & Naes Baktash 
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches Ministry of Agriculture, during 2014-2015 season. The objective of this research was to evaluation 15 pure lines (Triticum aestivum L.). genotypes ,the seventh generation developed by half dialled method between 6 parents. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates ,The main plots were four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 out yielded other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1, respecting .increasing seeding rates caused to increase in number of spikes .plant-1 and flag leaves angle. Significant difference were found among genotypes due to seeding rate.The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1) which did not differed from using A4.10 under 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 seeding rate. It was recommended to certify the pure line S148 using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate for cultivation at central of Iraq.
GENETIC PARAMETER IN MAIZE USING FULL DIALLEL CROSSES SOME
Authors: & et al. Wuhaib 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop .Dept., College of Agric/Univ.of Baghdad .It was included five Inbreds {ZM34(ZE),ZM60,ZM19,ZM49W3E and CDN5}.That were given number (1,2,3,4,5) .Inbreds were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full dialle. Inbreds were planted in spring 2013 and at anthesis crossing between inbreds all possibilities were carried out In fall season of 2013 ,varietal trail for crosses and parents were conducted using RCBD with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences for all traits ,plant high, leaves no. leaf area index ,ear length ,no.of row/ear,no.of grain/row,ears weight and grain yield /plant .The genetic analysis show that inbred 3 was superior and gave high grain yield 100.66 gm because it gave high ears weight 170.25 gm, no.of grain /row 32.88grain and ear length 15.40 ,also it had positive GCA .The cross(1×4) was superior and gave high grain yield 124.57gm because it gave high ears weight 168.82,no.of grain /row 34.60 grain ,no.of rows/ear 15.40 and ear length 16.10cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor 163% .The reciprocal cross 4×3 was superior and gave highest yield 155.05 gm because it gave high ear weight 180.18 ,no.of grain /row 40.25 grain ,no.of rows/ear 15.25and ear length 18.95cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor for grain yield 54% and highest SCA 25.56 . The cytoplasmic inheritance was very clear for some crosses. The average degree of dominance more than one ,it referes to non additive gene effect controlled in most traits . It was revealed that some of inbreds were superior in GCA and SCA;Therefor it can be used in hybrid or synthetic production .most of the traits controlled by dominance gene effects so we recommended using hybridization to improve it.
THE ROLE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK IN IMPROVEMENT OF SOME OKRA TRAITS AND TESTED UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION CONDITIONS
Authors: & Alwan Al-Karagholi 
Published: June 2020

This experiment Carried out at the Dept. of Research and Studies– office of Horticulture- Ministry of Agriculture at Abu Ghraib, for two seasons in 2014 and 2015. The objective of the experiment to stady the effect of electric shocks on some okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) traits study. Six pure lines (S1 , S2, , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6) were attached with four levels of electric shock (0, 9, 12 and 15 amp for 5 minutes) The 24 treatments were planted according to the RCBD with tow replicates to produce plants of the first generation on which the selection is to get the seeds of the second generation. A factorial experiment within RCBD with three replicates, were used in the plastic house. The results revealed that the electric current for the second season improved most of the traits vegetative and flowering growth okra plants, The treatment S3A15 was superion in traits, leaves number and flowers number and pods number and yield per plant, which were(117.10 leave and 122.60 Flower and 98.17 Pod and 519.87 g), while S4A15 treatment gave the highest plant height, days number of the appearance for first flower and days number for the first fruit setting, which were (175.13 cm and 87.66 days and 89 days). S1A15 treatment has given the highest value of fruit set percentage, which were 84.60, while S6A15 gave the highest pod weight 6.50 g, also S5A15 produced highest value of seeds number in pods (70 seed). S1A12 gave the highest leaves number before the first flower was 2.90 leave, Results revealed that the seed treatment with electric shock improved some field traits in okra.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTION FOR DOUBLE CROSS HYBRIDS IN MAIZE USING RAWLINGS AND COCKERHAM METHOD
Authors: & et al. Al-Amery 
Published: June 2020

Six inbred lines (Syn-1, MGW-3, S-165, Syn-22, Zm-9, M-17) of maize (Zea mays L.) were used in this study using half diallel cross and developed 15 F1 single crosses . The single crosses were crossed a ccording to Rawllings and Cookerham method and developed 45 double crosses . Seeds of double crosses were cultivated to study combining ability and gene action of the parent. The results showed highly sinificant differences for mean square of double crosses and for the some traits . The double crosses (Syn-1* ZM-9)(MGW-3 * M-17) , (Syn-1 * ZM-9)(S-165 * Syn-22) , (MGW-3 *M17)(S-165 *Syn-22) , (Syn-1 *S-165)(MGW-3*Syn-22) (Syn-1 *S-165)(ZM-9* M17) and (MGW-3 * Syn-22)(ZM-9 *M-17) revealed highest specific combining ability effects for leaf area , number grains.ear-1and grain yield gms.plant-1 . All characters were under the epistatic gene effect with type of gene action (Dominance * Dominance) except leaf area was under the type of gene action (Additive*Dominance).
EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE
Authors: Dheyab D. S. 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at 3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.
EFFECT OF TILLERS REMOVAL AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SOME GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: &  et al. Jaddoa 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of field Crop Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad, during the winter season 2012– 2013 to investigate the effect of tillers removing on some growth traits under two nitrogen levels for two wheat varieties This experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design with in split– split plot arrangement with three replicats. IPA 99 and Abu– Ghraib 3 were assigned in main plots, nitrogen levels (100,200) kg.ha-1 occupied sub- plot, while tillers reamoving treatment (reamove the main stem, first tiller, second tiller, and third tiller) occupied the sub– sub plots. The results revealed, that IPA 99 and 200 kg.ha-1 were superior in all growth traits. The main stem removing increased significantly number of tillers, dry weight, crop growth rate and realativ growth rate, while first tiller reamoving increased plant hight, flag leaf area, chlorophell content and dry weight of flag leaf area 91.18 cm, 36.81 cm2 59.95 Mgm.cm-3 and 0.456 gm respectively in contrast with the main stem removing which gave 68.88 cm, 27.87 cm2, 47.81 Mgm.cm-3, and 0.266 gm respectively. It could be conclude that relationship between the main stem and tillers was competitive.
AL – NOOR NEW VARIETY OF POPCORN (Zea mays var evarta)
Authors: & et al. Mhmood 
Published: June 2020

Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate / Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety (AL- Noor) with exotic and promise genotypes including its parents by using randomized complete block design(RCBD). The rustle showed significant differences at p˃ 0.05 p for all the studied traits except number of leaves and leaf area index and number of ears row. The new variety AL-Noor revealed lowest days a tassling and silking days (60.19 and 62.94) and highest number of ears per plant(1.63), kernels row (42.93), and number of kernels/ plant and highest popping
expansion (987.50)ml. gm-1.
COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROSIS AND GENE ACTION USING (LINE × TESTER) ANALYSIS IN CORN
Authors: & et al. Abdul-Hamed 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Research Station of State Board of Agricultural Research at Abu Ghraib in spring 2015. Seven inbred lines of maize (IK8, ZP, W13R, H.S, IK58, ABS 5, ZP607) were used in this study, using Line x Tester analysis, to produced twenty F1 crosses. The parents and crosses were grown in fall season of 2015 using RCBD with three replicates to determine heterosis and general, specific combining ability effects and gene action. Significant differences were found among parental lines and their crosses for all the traits. The result were showed that the cross (IK8× IK58) gave the highest hybrid vigor in grain yield (42.46%) and produced highest grain yield 214.7 gm.plant-1. The values of specific combining ability variance for all the traits revealed superior to the variance of general combining ability. The dominance genetic variance more important than additive variance, the narrow sense heritability for ear length very low (2.5%), white was highest (36.42%). The result indicate that some inbred lines could be used in a breeding program to develop new versions of high yield hybrids and most studied traits were under dominance and over dominance gene action.
RESPONSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TRAITS TO ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION AND SOAKING OF DIETS CONTAINING CORN AND WHEAT OF THE LAYNING HENS
Authors: & et al. Al Rubaee 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted at Poultry Research Station Animal Resources Research Department–State Board of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib, which included two experiment to study the effect of enzyme supplementing and soaking to the diets of the laying hens containing corn and wheat on productive performance.Three hundred Brown-egg hens (ISA Brown) 40 weeks of age were used in this experiment after preliminary period for two weeks. Layer hens distributed randomly to ten treatments with 2 replicates (15 hens per replicate); and fed on diets according to the age periods in ISA guide. Treatments were as follows: T1: Control group (100% corn).T2: 100% corn with soaking. T3: 100% corn with enzymes. T4:100% corn with soaking and enzymes. T5: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking. T6: 33% corn replacement wheat and with enzymes. T7: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. T8: 66% corn replacement wheat with soaking. T9: 66% corn replacement wheat with enzymes. T10: 66% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in The levels of serum blood calcium for T10, and serum blood phosphorus in T8,T10 while the inorganic phosphorus in feces for all treatments was lower than the control treatment. There are no significant differences between all treatments Calcium and Phosphorus in tibia bone. were lower than the control treatment in cholesterol levels in blood serum. No differences were noticed for crypts depth between all treatments, while T3, T6, T7, T8 ,T9 ,T10 showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) for the length of villi. So it was concluded that Enzyme supplementation and soaking to the diets of the laying hens significantly increased blood serum characteristics and also minimize the feces P by enhancing phytic acid breaking. it also increased villi length in small intestine which lead to better food digestion and absorption
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SOME SECONDARY METABOLIC COMPOUNDS PRODUCT OF CACTUS (ALOE VERA L.)
Authors: & Rabee Muneer 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out on the Cactus (Aloe vera L.) , which two year old was planted in one of the fields of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The different organic fertilizers used in two (sewage, poultry manure and sheep manure) and the fertilizer used at two levels (5 and 7.5)% from the weight of the pot, and humic acid (Com Sol) at two levels (1.5 and 3) ml and chemical fertilizer NPK (2.5 gm) in addition to control treatment. The experiment carried out within RCBD at three replicates and four plants for each experimental unit. The results showed that the sewage treatment 7.5% significantly increased in concentration of Aloin, Aloe-emodin and Barbolin (175.6, 412.1 and 175.6 µg.gm-1 ) respectively. The treatment of NPK caused significantly increased compare with the other treatments and this treatment gives high percentage to nitrogen, phosphor and potassium which were 1.297%, 0.213% and 1.84% respectively, and also the NPK treatment gives high concentration for amino acid which were Glutamate, Lucien and Methionine (93.44, 65.730 and 40.550) µg.gm-1 respectively.
GROWTH THRESHOLD AND DEGREE DAYS REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF CITRUS MEALYBUG Planococcus citri (Risso), HEMIPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE
Authors: & Al-Zubaidy Al-Shammari 
Published: June 2020

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ±2 C° on the development and growth rate of different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were 24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2 C° respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature 35±C°. the developmental threshold for the mealy bug stages eggs, crawlers, 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars as well as the duration of the egg to adult were different, being 7.1, 7.26, 7.08, 7.12 and 7.15C° respectively, while 116.27, 136.98 and 172.4 thermal units for degree days required for growth and development while the thermal constant for the period from egg to adult was 526.31. Optimum temperature was 27.85C ͦ while Upper threshold was 33.64 C° for P.citri Which refers to the lack of suitable high temperature for growth and development .