bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Bench Press Power, Velocity, and Repetition Volume
Authors: Williams Tyler D. , Martin Mary P. , Mintz Jake A. , Rogers Rebecca R. , Ballmann Christopher G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Williams, TD, Martin, MP, Mintz, JA, Rogers, RR, and Ballmann, CG. Effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation on bench press power, velocity, and repetition volume. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 924–928, 2020—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on power, velocity, and repetitions to failure (RTF) during bench press exercise. Resistance-trained male subjects (n = 11) were recruited for this study. Using a double-blinded, counterbalanced, crossover study design, subjects were supplemented with either 70 ml of BRJ or placebo (PL; black currant juice) 2 hours before exercise. During each exercise trial, subjects began by completing 2 sets × 2 repetitions of bench press at 70% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with maximum explosive intent. Barbell velocity and power were measured using a linear position transducer. Subjects then completed 3 sets × RTF at 70% 1RM separated by 2 minutes of rest between each set. Maximum mean power, velocity, and repetitions were analyzed. Mean velocity (p = 0.011; effect size [ES] = 0.54) and mean power (p = 0.015; ES = 0.51) were significantly higher with BRJ when compared with PL. Total RTF (p = 0.002; ES = 0.46) was higher during the BRJ condition vs. PL. Results indicate that acute BRJ supplementation positively impacts velocity, power, and total repetitions during free-weight bench press exercise.
Relationship Between Strength, Athletic Performance, and Movement Skill in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Sommerfield Lesley M. , Harrison Craig B. , Whatman Chris S. , Maulder Peter S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sommerfield, LM, Harrison, CB, Whatman, CS, and Maulder, PS. Relationship between strength, athletic performance, and movement skill in adolescent girls. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 674–679, 2022—Muscular strength in youth has been linked to health and physical benefits, enhanced movement skill, and an active lifestyle in adulthood. However, the relationship between maximum strength, athletic performance, and movement skill in youth females remains unclear. The purpose was to examine the relationship between maximum strength, athletic performance, and movement skill and determine whether differences exist between strong girls (SGs), average girls (AGs), and weak girls (WGs). One hundred four girls (age 14.0 ± 0.6 years, height 162.6 ± 5.9 cm, body mass 57.3 ± 9.7 cm) from a girls' secondary school performed an isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), double- and single-leg (right leg = R, left leg = L) countermovement jump, 10- and 20-m sprints, a drop vertical jump ,and the back squat assessment. Significance was set at p < 0.01 for correlations and p < 0.05 for one-way analysis of variance. Correlations revealed IMTP had significant small to large relationships with all performance variables (r = 0.27–0.62) except right-leg countermovement jump and left-leg countermovement jump height (r = 0.17–0.23). Relative IMTP had significant moderate to large relationships with all performance variables (r = 0.32–0.60). There were significant differences between strength groups for all performance measures. Strong girls had significantly faster sprint times than AGs. In addition, SGs and AGs performed significantly better than WGs in all assessments. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of strength for athletic performance and movement skill in adolescent girls.
Effect of Silica Sand Filler on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Grout for Composite Repair of Steel Pipelines
Authors: Azraai S. N. A. , Lim K. S. , Yahaya N. , Zardasti L. , Husain M. K. Abu , Noor N. Md. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Oil and gas pipes are vulnerable to failure initiated by corrosion because of their operating pressure under adverse conditions. A composite repair assembled around the pipe with a small gap that is then infilled with epoxy grout is considered a suitable option for repairing corroded pipelines. This article presents an investigation into the mechanical properties (compressive, tensile, and flexural) of epoxy grout, with and without inclusion of silica sand as a filler. The mechanical tests were carried out in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials standards. Experimental results on mechanical properties indicate that the strength in tensile and flexural mode for the grout decreases with the inclusion of filler because of a weak interface between the matrix and filler. However, the addition of filler in grout showed an increase in compressive, tensile, and flexural modulus. Based on suggested properties in a previous study, both grouts have the potential to be used on structural rehabilitation, especially for repairing damaged pipeline.
Longitudinal Basal Forebrain Degeneration Interacts with TREM2/C3 Biomarkers of Inflammation in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Schmitz Taylor W. , Soreq Hermona , Poirier Judes , Spreng R. Nathan 
Published: January 2020

Cholinergic inputs originating from the peripheral nervous system regulate the inflammatory immune responses of macrophages during clearance of blood-based pathogens. Because microglia are involved in clearing amyloid and tau pathology from the central nervous system, we hypothesized that cholinergic input originating from the basal forebrain might similarly regulate inflammatory immune responses to these pathologies in the aging brain. To explore this hypothesis, we leveraged the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Cognitively normal older male and female human adults were differentiated according to the relative concentration of phosphorylated tau and amyloid in their cerebrospinal fluid, yielding neurotypical and preclinical, cognitively healthy, subgroups. We then tracked these two groups longitudinally with structural MRI and biomarkers of inflammation, including soluble sTREM2 levels in the CSF and complementC3expression in the blood transcriptome. Longitudinal loss of basal forebrain volume was larger in the preclinical compared with the neurotypical subgroup. Across preclinical adults, loss of basal forebrain volume was associated with greater longitudinal accumulation of sTREM2 and higher peripheral bloodC3expression. None of these relationships were attributable to degeneration in the whole-brain gray matter volume. Preclinical APOE e4 carriers exhibited the largest loss of basal forebrain volume and highest C3 expression. Consistent with the known anti-inflammatory influence of the peripheral cholinergic pathways on macrophages, our findings indicate that a loss of central cholinergic input originating from the basal forebrain might remove a key check on microglial inflammation induced by amyloid and tau accumulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the peripheral nervous system, cholinergic modulation holds the reactivity of macrophages to blood-based pathogens in check, promoting clearance while preventing runaway inflammation and immune-triggered cell death. Microglia are the brain's resident macrophages and play an important role in clearing accumulated amyloid and tau from neurons. Here, we demonstrate that a loss of cholinergic integrity in the CNS, indexed by longitudinal decreases of basal forebrain volume, interacts with multiple biomarkers of inflammation in cognitively normal older adults with abnormal amyloid and tau pathology. These interactions were not detected in cognitively normal older adults with “neurotypical” levels of amyloid and tau. An age-related loss of cholinergic neuromodulation may remove key checks on microglial reactivity to amyloid and tau.
Population density and structure of birds breeding in an urban habitat dominated by large baobabs (Adansonia digitata), Northern Namibia
Authors: Kopij G. 
Published: January 2020

Large baobabs are regarded as key plant species in the savannah biome. In this study their role in shaping the avian community has been evaluated. The territory mapping method has been employed to quantify the avian breeding community in the town Outapi (ca. 130 ha), Northern Namibia, well-endowed with large baobabs. A total of 29 breeding bird species were recorded. The alien House Sparrow was by far the most numerous species comprising 48.4% of all breeding birds. The Blue Waxbill and African Palm Swift were also classified as dominant species, comprising together 17.4%. Granivores were by far the most numerous feeding guild, comprising 77.2% of all birds breeding, while the insectivores comprised only 11.8%. Birds nesting in/on buildings comprised 52.7%, those nesting on trees/shrubs – 42.0%. The population densities of many bird species (e.g. doves from the genus Stepropelia, bulbuls, weavers) were comparatively low. Such a situation could have been caused by the exceptionally high population density of the Pied Crow. In the study area, there were 15 breeding pairs and about 100–150 non-breeding individuals. The baobabs may provide them with a feeding resource in the form of the sweet fruits. The crows, as nest predators, feed also on the eggs and nestlings of other birds. Doves seem to be especially prone to such predation, as their nests are easily to detect and destroy. As a result, they have to breed in low density. This in turn, may release other dominant granivores in the study area, namely sparrows. They are not vulnerable to crow nest predation, as their nests are usually well-concealed under eaves and in holes of buildings.
Images of the «enemy» by the eyes of prisoners of war from the time of the First World War (according to the memoirs of Yu. I. Kirsch and E. E. Dwinger)
Authors: Lavrenko V. S. , Tkachenko M. M. 
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the memories of Y. I. Kirsch, a Russian soldier who got into German captivity, and E. E. Dwinger, a German junior officer who was captured by Russians. The author raises the question of common and distinctive features in the images of the “enemy” created in the memoirs of these memoirists. Transformation in the perception of a military enemy in the experience of captivity is being considered. The issue of reconciliation and finding an understanding with the “enemy” was studied.
The author comes to the conclusion that at the time of capturing both Russian and German soldiers had extremely negative images of the “enemy”. These images were constructed by state propaganda, which dehumanized a military enemy. The prisoners of war expected extreme cruelties from the “enemy”, but these expectations were not approved.
Extreme experience of captivity focused on the negative aspects of life in Germany and the Russian Empire. This was reflected in the memoirs of Y. I. Kirch and E. E. Dwinger. But both memoirists noted that the “enemy” in the crowd behaved ruthlessly, while on a personal level, he was often ready to help prisoners of war, to show mercy. Despite the negative attitude to the “enemy”, both in Russia and in Germany, there was a cohabitation of prisoners of war with local women. In Germany, ordinary Germans congratulated prisoners of war on its’ end. In Russia with the beginning of the revolution, German prisoners of war received an invitation to join the White Movement. These facts are manifestations of partial reconciliation of prisoners of war with the “enemy”.
With regard to the difference in the design of the enemy's image, German memoirs show more cultural reflections on the national character and the mission of the Russians. Memoirs of the Russian on the contrary emphasize the way of life and order that prevailed in the camp for the prisoners of war.
The study of the experience of transforming the enemy's image during the First World War is relevant in the context of a modern information confrontation, which inevitably complements military conflicts.
MODEL PENEBARAN IKAN NILA DI WADUK MALAHAYU, BREBES, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Triharyuni Setiya , Aldila Dipo , Aisyah Aisyah , Samhudi Husnah 
Published: January 2020

Waduk Malahayu merupakan salah satu waduk yang dimanfaatkan untuk perikanan. Kegiatan penangkapan di waduk ini telah lama dilakukan baik oleh nelayan sekitar maupun luar daerah. Saat ini telah terjadi indikasi adanya penurunan produksi sebagai akibat adanya degradasi sumber daya ikan dan lingkungan serta intensitas penangkapan yang tinggi. Diperlukan upaya pengelolaan untuk meningkatkan produksi ikan di Waduk Malahayu. Salah satu upaya tersebut adalah dengan melakukan penebaran ikan secara rutin baik oleh instansi pemerintah maupun nelayan setempat. Salah satu faktor keberhasilan penebaran ikan terhadap peningkatan produksi adalah jumlah padat tebar yang memadai. Akan tetapi, kajian mengenai jumlah padat tebar yang memadai melalui pendekatan model matematis belum banyak dilakukan. Model matematis mampu memperhitungkan aspek lain seperti penebaran kembali dan penangkapan ke dalam satu kajian model holistik dan analitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jumlah benih nila yang sebaiknya ditebar. Kondisi populasi ikan nila digambarkan dengan skenario laju pertumbuhan logistik, dengan pertimbangan adanya penebaran dan penangkapan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah benih nila untuk ditebar sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi adalah sekitar 8 ton/tahun atau setara dengan 533.333 ekor/tahun. Hasil dari kajian ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di Waduk Malahayu melalui pemulihan sumber daya. Fish stocking has been done as an effort to increase fish stock in Malahayu Reservoir. The need to fish stocking is due to the degradation of environment, fish resources and high exploitation either, lead to the decreasing of fish production on those reservoir. Fish stocking that intensively done by local government and community does not yet give an impact to the increasing of fish production. The amount of stocked seeds by using mathematical model approach has not done yet. Mathematical model approach is able to consider other aspects such as restocking activities and fishing into a holistic and analytical study. The current research aimed to estimate the amount of seed of Tilapia that properly stocked in Malahayu Reservoir. Population condition of Tilapia is described by logistic growth rate scenario, taking into account of stocking and fishing. In effort to increase the production, the amount of Tilapia should be stocked about 8 tonnes/year or 533.333 individuals/year. The results obtained in this research are expected to be beneficial for the management of fish resources in Malahayu Reservoir through stock enhancement.
Hubungan Beban Dengan Depresi pada Keluarga yang Merawat Pasien Stroke
Authors: Pahria Tuti , Mambang Sari Citra Windani 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKStroke menyebabkan pasien mengalami kecacatan sehingga memerlukan keluarga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan aktivitas sehari-hari. Tugas keluarga sebagai caregiver dapat menimbulkan beban. Beban menjadi salah satu faktor yang dianggap berhubungan dengan depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara beban dan depresi pada keluarga yang merawat pasien stroke di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung. Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif korelasi dilakukan kepada 92 keluarga. Pengukuran beban dilakukan menggunakan instrumen the Zarit Burden Interview dan pengukuran depresi dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Beck Depression Inventory-II. Analisis hubungan ditunjukan melalui korelasi Spearman rank. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 69,6% keluarga memiliki sedikit atau hampir tidak ada beban, 26,1% beban ringan, dan 4,3% beban sedang. Kemudian 71,7% keluarga mengalami gangguan perasaan yang normal, 20,7% gangguan perasaan ringan, 4,3% depresi ringan, 2,2% depresi sedang, dan 1,1% depresi berat. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan terdapat hubungan positif antara beban dengan depresi, dengan p value 0,000 (r=0,547). Simpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu semakin tinggi beban yang dirasakan oleh keluarga dalam merawat pasien stroke maka semakin berat depresi yang terjadi.ABSTRACT Stroke can lead to a physical disability that results in need of family assistance to complete a patient’s activity daily living. The duty of care to the disabled stroke patient often create a burden to the family members Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung. Research with descriptive correlation method on 92 families. Family burden measured using the Zarit Burden Interview, while the depression measured using Beck Depression Inventory-II. Correlation between the two variables will be examined by Spearman correlation analysis. The result shows that 69,6% of caregiver perceived little or no burden, 26,1% perceived mild burden, and 4,3% perceived moderate burden. Then 71,7% of caregivers perceived normal mood disturbance, 20,7% perceived mild mood disturbance, 4,3% perceived mild depression, 2,2% perceived moderate depression, and 1,1% perceived severe depression. The result correlation test show there is a positive. correlation between burden and depression had p-value of 0,000 (r=0,547). The conclusion in this study is that the higher the burden felt by the family caregiver of stroke patients, the more severe the depression will occur. Nursing practices are expected to provide appropriate interventions, one of which is support to reduce burden so as to prevent depression.
CAESAREAN SECTION RATE AND INDICATIONS AT SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Mustafa Chnur , Mahmood Maryam 
Published: January 2020

Background
Caesarean section (C-section) is a frequent obstetric intervention for saving the lives of women and their newborns from childbirth-related complications.
Objectives
The aim was to know the rate and indications of C-section in the Kurdistan-Iraq.
Patients and Methods
Retrospectively-collected data from a single large public institution, Maternity Teaching Hospital, in Kurdistan-Iraq was analysed. All women giving birth in 2016 with a known birth outcome were included. Those who underwent C-section were identified, and indications were recorded. Data analysed using descriptive statistics. A review of literature looking at rate and indication of C-section was performed.
Results
Five thousand and eight hundred sixty (38.4%) of mothers who gave birth from 15235, required C-section. The total number of born-baby was 18573; of them, 259 babies died (1.4%)—(192, 74.1%) following Normal Vaginal Delivery and (67, 25.9%) during C-section. 27% of mothers were primigravida, and the rest were multigravida. Emergency C-section was performed in 4106 (70.1%). The history of ≥2 C-sections was the main indication for C-section (25.7%) followed by breech presentation (13.9%), fetal distress (12.5%), failure of progress (11.9%), failure of induction (11.8%), antepartum haemorrhage (8.3%) and pre-eclampsia (6.8%). There were three maternal mortalities (0.01%), but no maternal mortality following C-section
Conclusion
With the continued war against the Islamic state and economic turmoil, health service in Kurdistan suffered most, but with the goodwill of healthcare professionals, our institution showed comparable results to places elsewhere. Monitoring of clinical indications of C-section is needed to ensure the rational use of the procedure.
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013
Authors: Shamsipour Mansour , Aghaei Mina , Kalteh Safa , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Gohari Kimiya , Yunesian Farzad , Amini Heresh 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects. We aimed to estimate national and provincial level of benzene emissions from 1990 to 2013 in Iran.
Materials and methods: Benzene emission was estimated through two main sources: unburned benzene content of fuel and evaporated benzene. Unburned benzene content of fuel estimated by gasoline consumption rate, kilometers traveled by non-diesel-based cars, and benzene emission factor. Evaporated benzene estimated by evaporated gasoline and volumetric percentile of benzene.
Results:
The estimated provincial annual mean benzene estimation range was between 5.9 (ton) and 1590 (ton) from 1990 to 2013. Our results showed that maximum benzene emission over the past 24 years occurred in Tehran, (Mean± SD) (1147.2±308.5) (ton)), Isfahan (423.4±132) (ton)), Khorasan Razavi (410.4±122.2) (ton)) provinces, respectively. There was an upward trend in the benzene emission into atmosphere at national and subnational level from 1990 to 2007. Also a significant decrease trend is observed from 2008 to 2013.
Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide an insight into the extent of emitted benzene in the atmosphere at different regions of Iran for policy makers and scientists and may be a groundwork for field studies on benzene concentration estimation.
Identification allergen Cladosporium spores concentration in the ambient of Ahvaz wastewater treatment plant and their relationship with meteorological variables, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Talepour Nastaran , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Abbasi-Montazeri Effat , Latifi Seyed Mahmoud , Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Neamat 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Airborne Cladosporium spores in different regions of the world are known as the main cause of allergic diseases. This study aimed to identify the Cladosporium species airborne fungi in Ahvaz wastewater treat- ment plant area and its adjacent places and check the effect of some meteoro- logical parameters on their emissions.
Materials and methods: Cladosporium spores were cultured on Sabouraud`s dextrose agar (SDA) medium in both cold and warm seasons. The passive sampling method was performed and after incubation, colonies were counted as CFU/Plate/h. Then, according to the macroscopic and microscopic charac- teristics of the genus, the fungal was studied. The meteorological parameters including temperature, humidity, air pressure, dew point, wind speed, and ultraviolet index were measured.
Results: At least, 3358 colonies were counted. 1433 colonies were related to the Cladosporium species. The amount of Cladosporium in indoor air was 46% of the total Cladosporium. The average of meteorological parameters includes temperature, humidity, air pressure, dew point, wind speed and UV index during the study were 27.8 °C, 32.9%, 548.7 °Kpa, 3.6°, 9.1 km / h and 3.9 respectively. 42.6% of the total number of colonies was related to the Cladosporium species. Cladospiromes had a direct correlation with the dew point, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and ultraviolet index (Pvalue<0.05). Primary sludge dewatering has the greatest role in the Cladospo-
rium spores emission.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of Cladosporium spores in the ap- pearance of allergic diseases, and given that wastewater treatment workers spend most of their time outside, observing health and preventive measures is necessary in this regard.