bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Foot-Strike Patterns on Biomarkers S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B/Neuron-Specific Enolase in Running—A Pilot Study
Authors: Schroeder Jan , Erthel Franziska , Hollander Karsten 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Foot-strike patterns (FSP) in running are related to certain impact kinetics during ground contact. A rear-foot strike (RFS) has been associated with higher impact forces, whereas a forefoot strike (FFS) is assumed to minimize these impact forces. This study investigated the effects of running with RFS or FFS on impact-sensitive neuronal biomarkers S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Methods: In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy recreational runners (14 male, mean [SD] age 28.2 [4.7] y, body mass index 22.8 [1.9]) ran 2 separate 5-mile runs with RFS or FFS, respectively. Blood samples were taken before (pre), 30 min after (post 0), and 24 h after (post 24) the run. S100B, NSE, and LDH concentrations were determined and analyzed (3 × 2 data model). Results: S100B, NSE, and LDH concentrations increased from pre to post 0 and decreased within 24 h back to the baseline level, demonstrating a significant time effect (all P < .01, all ). No main effect for FSP or any significant interaction effect indicating FSP-specific differences between FFS or RFS was found (all P > .05, all ), except for LDH (P < .001, ). Conclusions: NSE, S100B, and LDH concentration increased in the short term after running and returned to normal in 24 h. FSP with varying impact forces does not influence the increase of these biomarkers. LDH findings favor peripheral origins, but mixed effects are possible. Thus, further research is needed to estimate the risk of mild traumatic encephalopathy.
Gas hydrate occurrences along the Haida Gwaii margin—Constraints on the geothermal regime and implications for fluid flow
Authors: Riedel Michael , Rohr Kristin M.M. , Côté Michelle M. , Schmidt Ulrike , Richardson Terryl 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeismic-reflection data along the Haida Gwaii margin collected from 1967 to 2013 were used to identify gas hydrate–related bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs). The BSRs occur along the Queen Charlotte Terrace only, within more strongly folded and tectonically deformed sedimentary ridges. The BSRs are absent within well-bedded and sediment-filled minibasins. The BSR is modeled as the base of the phase boundary of the methane hydrate (structure I) stability zone and is used to estimate geothermal gradients. The P-wave velocity structure required to convert observed depths of the BSR in two-way time to meters below seafloor was constrained from ocean-bottom seismometers. The BSR-derived gradients are lower than data from heat-probe deployments in the region, as well as predicted values from previous modeling of the large-scale tectonic thermal regime. Lower values of the BSR-derived thermal gradients may be due to topographic effects across the ridges where BSRs were observed. The previously identified landward decrease in thermal gradients across the terrace was also identified to a lesser extent from the BSRs, in accordance with the effects of oblique convergence of the Pacific plate with the North American plate. Geothermal gradients decreased from south to north by a factor of two, which is likely an effect of plate cooling due to an increase in age of the underlying plate (ca. 8 Ma off southern Haida Gwaii to ca. 12 Ma at Dixon Entrance) as well as the fact that sediments triple in thickness over the same distance. This may be due to downward flexure of the underlying crust during transpression and/or a high flux of sediments through Dixon Entrance.
Paleoseismic patterns of Quaternary tectonic and magmatic surface deformation in the eastern Basin and Range, USA
Authors: Stahl T.A. , Niemi N.A. , Bunds M.P. , Andreini J. , Wells J.D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe competing contributions of tectonic and magmatic processes in accommodating continental extension are commonly obscured by a lack of on-fault paleoseismic information. This is especially true of the Sevier Desert, located at the eastern margin of the Basin and Range in central Utah (USA), where surface-rupturing faults are spatially associated with both regional detachment faults and Quaternary volcanism. Here, we use high-resolution topographic surveys (terrestrial lidar scans and real-time kinematic GPS), terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be and 3He) exposure dating, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and new neotectonic mapping to distinguish between modes of faulting and extension in a transect across the Sevier Desert. In the western Sevier Desert, the House Range and Cricket Mountains faults each have evidence of a single surface-rupturing earthquake in the last 20–30 k.y. and have time-integrated slip and extension rates of &lt;0.1 and ∼0.05 mm yr−1, respectively, since ca. 15–30 ka. These rates are similar to near-negligible modern geodetic extension estimates. Despite relatively low geologic, paleoseismic, and modern extension rates, both faults show evidence of contributing to the long-term growth of topographic relief and the structural development of the region. In the eastern Sevier Desert, the intrabasin Tabernacle, Pavant, and Deseret fault systems show markedly different surface expressions and behavior from the range-bounding normal faults farther west. Pleistocene to Holocene extension rates on faults in the eastern Sevier Desert are &gt;10× higher than those on their western counterparts. Faults here are co-located with Late Pleistocene to Holocene volcanic centers, have events temporally clustered around the timing of Pleistocene volcanism in at least one instance, and have accommodated extension ∼2×–10× above geodetic and long-term geologic rates. We propose a model whereby Pliocene to recent extension in the Sevier Desert is spatially partitioned into an eastern magma-assisted rifting domain, characterized by transient episodes of higher extension rates during volcanism, and a western tectonic-dominated domain, characterized by slower-paced faulting in the Cricket Mountains and House Range and more typical of the “Basin and Range style” that continues westward into Nevada. The Sevier Desert, with near-complete exposure and the opportunity to utilize a range of geophysical instrumentation, provides a globally significant laboratory for understanding the different modes of faulting in regions of continental extension.
Do pharmacy intervention reports adequately describe their interventions? A template for intervention description and replication analysis of reports included in a systematic review
Authors: de Barra Mícheál , Scott Claire , Johnston Marie , De Bruin M , Scott Neil , Matheson Catriona , Bond Christine , Watson Margaret 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionScientific progress and translation of evidence into practice is impeded by poorly described interventions. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) was developed to specify the minimal intervention elements that should be reported.Objectives(1) To assess the extent to which outpatient pharmacy interventions were adequately reported. (2) To examine the dimension(s) across which reporting quality varies. (3) To examine trial characteristics that predict better reporting.MethodsThe sample comprised 86 randomised controlled trials identified in a Cochrane review of the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions on patient health outcomes. Duplicate, independent application of a modified 15-item TIDieR checklist was undertaken to assess the intervention reporting. The reporting/non-reporting of TIDieR items was analysed with principal component analysis to evaluate the dimensionality of reporting quality and regression analyses to assess predictors of reporting qualityResultsIn total, 422 (40%) TIDieR items were fully reported, 395 (38%) were partially reported and 231 (22%) were not reported. A further 242 items were deemed not applicable to the specific trials. Reporting quality loaded on one component which accounted for 26% of the variance in TIDieR scores. More recent trials reported a slightly greater number of TIDieR items (0.07 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.13) additional TIDieR items per year of publication). Trials reported an 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.14) additional TIDieR items per unit increase in impact factor (IF) of the journal in which the main report was published.ConclusionsMost trials lacked adequate intervention reporting. This diminished the applied and scientific value of their research. The standard of intervention reporting is, however, gradually increasing and appears somewhat better in journals with higher IFs. The use of the TIDieR checklist to improve reporting could enhance the utility and replicability of trials, and reduce research waste.
Effect of a simple intervention on hand hygiene related diseases in preschools in South Africa: research protocol for an intervention study
Authors: Lange Samantha Louise , Barnard Tobias George , Naicker Nisha 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionHand hygiene (HH) related illnesses such as diarrhoea and respiratory diseases, contribute to the burden of disease and are included in the top five causes of mortality in children under 5 years in South Africa. Children attending preschools are more susceptible to these infections due to the higher number of children in preschools. HH interventions have shown to reduce HH-related diseases by improving HH practices. In South Africa, there are no documented HH interventions or studies in children under 5 years. The purpose of the study is to determine whether an HH intervention can reduce HH-related diseases among 4–5-year-old preschool children and to improve HH practices in these children, their caregivers and their parents.Methodology and analysisThis is a protocol for a controlled intervention study to be conducted at preschools in Kempton Park, City of Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa. Preschools will be randomly distributed into control and experimental groups (n=70). The intervention includes interactive simulation learning, educational emails and education and poster reminders obtained from the WHO and the Global Handwashing Day website. Data collection, including the intervention, will take place during the calendar year as this coincides with the school year. Data will be analysed both preintervention and postintervention in the experimental group as well as between the experimental and control group. Data collected by means of questionnaires, observations, disease registers, hygiene inspections, semi-structured interviews and hand swabs will be analysed to determine these outcomes.Ethics and disseminationPermission has been obtained from the University of Johannesburg Ethics Committee and Ministerial Consent for Non-Therapeutic Research on Minors from the Department of Health National Ethics Research Council. Permissions for use of copyright protected materials has been obtained. Results of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, and feedback within relevant structures through conference proceedings.
Multiregion whole-genome sequencing depicts intratumour heterogeneity and punctuated evolution in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Yin Xia , Bi Rui , Ma Pengfei , Zhang Shengzhe , Zhang Yang , Sun Yunheng , Zhang Yi , Jing Ying , Yu Minhua , Wang Wenjing , Tan Li , Di Wen , Zhuang Guanglei , Cai Mei-Chun 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundOvarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) arises from endometriosis and represents a difficult-to-treat gynaecological malignancy, in part, because its spatial intratumour heterogeneity and temporal evolutionary trajectories have not been explicitly defined.MethodsWe performed whole-genome sequencing on six pathologically confirmed patients with OCCC. An R package named KataegisPortal was developed to identify and annotate loci of localised hypermutations. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on a tissue microarray containing 143 OCCC specimens.ResultsMultiregion analysis demonstrated considerable degrees of subclonal diversification, ascribable to dynamic mutagenic processes, as well as macroevolutionary events including the acquisition of aneuploidy and chromoplexy. KataegisPortal unveiled APOBEC-mediated kataegis in the early phases of OCCC pathogenesis. We further showed evidence that APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B were frequently expressed in OCCC and possibly regulated by the MAPK pathway. Notably, APOBEC3B-expressing OCCC displayed favourable prognosis and appreciable immunogenicity manifested by marked cytotoxic T-cell infiltration.ConclusionsThese results point to an appealing model of punctuated tumour evolution underlying OCCC neoplastic transformation and progression, which may pose formidable challenges of early detection and intervention, and indicate the intratumour heterogeneity of cancer-driving alterations, yielding important implications for molecular diagnosis and targeted treatment of this lethal disease.
Effect of blood pressure parameters on functional independence in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the first 6 hours after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Chu Hai-Jui , Lin Chun-Hsien , Chen Chih-Hao , Hwang Yi Ting , Lee Meng , Lee Chung-Wei , Tang Sung-Chun , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: December 2019

Background and purposeStudies have suggested that blood pressure (BP) levels after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are correlated with clinical outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of BP in different time intervals within the first 24 hours after EVT on functional outcomes.MethodsData of patients who received EVT for acute ischemic stroke at two institutions were reviewed. After EVT, hourly BP data were collected and divided into four time intervals: 1–6 hours, 7–12 hours, 13–18 hours, and 19–24 hours. The mean, maximum, and standard deviation (SD) of BP were calculated and compared with the outcome of interest in patients with successful recanalization. The outcome of interest was functional independence, which was defined as a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2.ResultsOf 224 patients with stroke who received EVT, 166 (74.1%) (mean age 70.2±13.1 years; 49.4% men) achieved successful recanalization and 82 (49.4%) exhibited functional independence. After adjustment for possible confounders, lower mean, maximum, and SD values of systolic and diastolic BP observed in the first 6 hours after EVT were independently associated with functional independence. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values observed for BP parameters for outcome prediction in the first 6 hours were the highest across the 24-hour period following EVT.ConclusionIn patients with stroke who achieved successful recanalization, the first 6 hours after EVT was the key period influencing the correlation between BP and functional outcome.
Middle meningeal artery embolization as an adjuvant treatment to surgery for symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma: a pilot study assessing hematoma volume resorption
Authors: Ng Sam , Derraz Imad , Boetto Julien , Dargazanli Cyril , Poulen Gaëtan , Gascou Gregory , Lefevre Pierre-Henri , Molinari Nicolas , Lonjon Nicolas , Costalat Vincent 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common condition requiring surgical treatment; however, recurrence occurs in 15% of cases at 1 year. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has recently emerged as a promising treatment to prevent CSDH recurrence.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of MMA embolization on hematoma volume resorption (HVR) after surgery in symptomatic patients.MethodsFrom April 2018 to October 2018, participants with CSDH requiring surgery were prospectively randomized in a pilot study, and received either surgical treatment alone (ST group) or surgery and adjuvant MMA embolization (ST+MMAE group). The primary outcome was HVR measured on the 3 month CT scan compared with the immediate pre-embolization CT scan. Secondary outcomes were clinical recurrence of CSDH and safety measures.Results46 patients were randomized and 41 of these achieved a 3 month follow-up . Twenty-one patients received MMA embolization. At 3 months, the HVR from postsurgical level was higher in the ST+MMAE group (mean difference 17.5 mL, 95% CI 3.87 to 31.16 mL; p=0.015). Two participants presented a CSDH recurrence (one in each group). One patient died (ST group). No MMA embolization-related adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe addition of MMA embolization to surgery led to an increase in CSDH resorption at 3 months. One recurrence of CSDH was reported in each group, and there were no treatment-related complications.
Peri-training nutrition methods: advancements to dietary assessment in an athletic population
Authors: Kozior Marta , Jakeman Phillip M. , Norton Catherine 
Published: December 2019

Key opinion leaders in sport and exercise nutrition advocate for a personalised and periodised approach to dietary assessment and prescription. However, practice has not advanced to this level, making recommendations from key researchers unexploited in the applied setting. Our objective was to advance traditional nutritional assessment methods (data collection and analysis) of athletic populations to place training and competition stimulus at the core of a personalised, periodised approach. We term this approach peri-training nutrition (PTN). Novelty The PTN assessment allows researchers and practitioners to effect monitor habitual nutritional practices of athletes specific to athlete aims, training adaptation stimuli, and competitive events.
Growth and vegetable yield ofAmaranthus hybridusL. as impacted by harvest methods in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Farintosh Geoff , Riddle Rachel , Van Acker Rene 
Published: December 2019

Amaranthus hybridus L. is a nutritious leafy vegetable amaranth species grown primarily in tropical regions. Weedy amaranth species thriving in southern Ontario suggest the edible biotype could also grow efficiently as a crop. Field trials in Guelph, Simcoe, and Stouffville, Ontario, examined yield in response to three harvest frequencies (weekly, every 2 wk, and every 3 wk) cut at 15 cm above ground level, using two traditional harvest practices (Afro-Caribbean and European) cut every 2 wk, and a control which was not cut until the final harvest. The highest marketable yields and quality measures were observed in plants cut every 2 wk, every 3 wk, and using the Afro-Caribbean cutting technique which selects and harvests thicker stems while leaving new shoots for later harvests. The difference in growth among sites suggests plants prefer warm, well-drained soil. Marketable yield was as high as 4.02 ± 0.340 kg m−2in Simcoe with an average yield across all three sites of 2.37 ± 0.229 kg m−2. This demonstrates that A. hybridus has the potential to be grown as a vegetable crop in southern Ontario and that marketable yield can be optimized by method of harvest.
Dried plum-like ZnO assemblies consisted of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Congzhi , Han Tao , Wang Wei , Zhang Jin 
Published: December 2019

Dried plum-like ZnO assemblies consisting ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method (USP). ZnO assemblies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and field-emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show the size of ZnO assemblies is in the range of 300–870 nm, and that of ZnO nanoparticles is from 33 nm to 39 nm. The microstructure and size of ZnO assemblies were successfully controlled by the concentration of the precursor solution.
Microstructure and properties of Co3W2 heat-resistant steel by vacuum electron beam welding
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Gou Guoqing 
Published: December 2019

12Cr10Co3W2MoNiVNbNB (Co3W2) is a new type of martensitic heat-resistant steel, which is mainly used in high-temperature dynamic, static blades, high-temperature bolts and other components of ultra-supercritical steam turbines. The Co3W2 steel was joined by vacuum electron beam welding, and the microstructures of the joints were analyzed. The hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of the joints were investigated. The results show that the joints mainly consist of weld metal, fusion-line, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal, the microstructure of the weld metal is a coarse martensite. The hardness of the weld metal is about 326 HV higher than that of the base metal, and the tensile strength of the joints is 939 MPa, which can reach 98.63% of base metal. The impact absorbed energy of weld metal is such that the weakest part of the welded joints during the impact process is about 18.5 J.
Stress corrosion behavior of narrow-gap rotating laser welding of thick Al-Mg alloy joint
Authors: Yang Xiaoyi , Chen Hui , Zhu Zongtao , Cai Chuang , Zhang Chengzhu , Huang Ruisheng , Li Liqun 
Published: December 2019

The stress corrosion resistance of 30 mm-thick narrow-gap rotating laser welding (NG-RLW) 5A06 aluminum (Al) joint was investigated by slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The results show that the average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joints in 3.5% NaCl solution is about 11% lower than that in air, and its elongation is only half of that in air. The stress corrosion index [Formula: see text] of the joint is [Formula: see text], which is at the middle level of the range of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the failure positions of the SSRT specimens in air are weld metal (WM), while the failure positions in the corrosive medium are base metal (BM). This indicates that the stress corrosion resistance of BM is slightly lower than that of WM due to the different microstructures. Many dimples are formed on the fracture surface of the specimen in air, which is a typical ductile fracture. But the fracture surface shows the characteristics of ductile and brittle mixture with obvious corrosion products. This result indicates that the NG-RLW 5A06 Al joint has a tendency to brittle fracture in 3.5% NaCl solution.
Recent advances on animal models related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jiang Shan , Mohammadtursun Nabjian , Qiu Jian , Li Qiuping , Sun Jing , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: December 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become an important public health problem in the world. According to reports, COPD ranks fourth in the global cause of death, causing a serious economic burden on society. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex, making it difficult to simulate the pathological changes and clinical features of COPD. Moreover, the COPD animal model has an irreplaceable role in the study of etiology, pathology and treatment. It is worth noting that the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease persist, and the economic burden of global chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades. Establishing a standardized, a clinically realistic COPD animal model has always been a research direction that scholars are keen on. Therefore, it is essential to establish an economical animal model. The establishment of a suitable animal model can accurately simulate the pathological features of human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and help to develop effective interventions and treatments in a short period of time. This review integrates the experimental animal species selected in the animal models used in COPD studies. Subsequently, different methods and mechanisms for establishing animal models were summarized according to different modeling factors. Finally, the criteria for evaluating existing animal models are discussed. It is hoped that the summary of this paper will guide the establishment of relevant animal models for future COPD research.