bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of the compound profiles of Folium Camelliae Nitidissimae extract by ultrafast liquid chromatography with quadrupole–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and hepatoprotective effect against CCl4‐induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Ye Peiwen , Lu Jingya , Li Meichang , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Yuyao , Wei Fenghuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFolium Camelliae Nitidissimae (jinhuacha in Chinese, JHC) is a kind of caffeine‐less tea with antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial effects. Studies on the chemical profiles and hepatoprotective effects of JHC extracts have not been systematically conducted so far. This study comprehensively investigated the compound profiles of JHC extract by ultrafast liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. We also determined JHC's hepatoprotective effects against CCl4‐induced liver injury in mice. A JHC extract was administered orally to mice at 1.95 and 7.80 g/kg body weight once daily for 14 consecutive days prior to CCl4 treatment. Eighty‐four compounds including flavonoids, organic acids, catechins, coumarins, phenylpropanol, amino acids, anthraquinones, saponins and nucleosides in JHC extract were authentically identified or tentatively identified by comparing MS information and retention times with those of authentic standards or available references. JHC administration significantly decreased elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in mouse serum, inhibited hepatic malondialdehyde formation and enhanced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activities in the liver of CCl4‐treated mice. The histological observations also further supported the results. These results demonstrate that JHC contains various chemical compounds and its hepatoprotective effects against CCl4‐induced liver injury correlated with decreasing lipid oxidation are significant.
The role of capecitabine as maintenance therapy in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Sun Xue‐Song , Liu Sai‐Lan , Liang Yu‐Jing , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Li Xiao‐Yun , Tang Lin‐Quan , Mai Hai‐Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCapecitabine was previously used as a second‐line or salvage therapy for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and has shown satisfactory curative effect as maintenance therapy in other metastatic cancers. This study aimed to explore the role of capecitabine as maintenance therapy in de novo metastatic NPC patients with different plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels before treatment.MethodsWe selected de novo metastatic NPC patients treated with locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) for this retrospective study. The propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance potential confounders between patients who underwent capecitabine maintenance therapy and those who did not with a ratio of 1:3. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. The association between capecitabine maintenance therapy and survival was assessed using the log‐rank test and a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAmong all patients eligible for this study, 64 received capecitabine maintenance therapy after LRRT. After PSM, 192 patients were identified in the non‐maintenance group. In the matched cohort, patients treated with capecitabine achieved a higher 3‐year OS rate compared with patients in the non‐maintenance group (68.5% vs. 61.8%, P = 0.037). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that capecitabine maintenance therapy was an independent prognostic factor. In subgroup analysis, 3‐year OS rate was comparable between the maintenance and non‐maintenance groups in patients with high pretreatment EBV DNA levels (˃30,000 copies/mL) (54.8% vs. 45.8%, P = 0.835), whereas patients with low pretreatment EBV DNA levels (≤30,000 copies/mL) could benefit from capecitabine maintenance therapy in OS (90.0% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.003).ConclusionCapecitabine maintenance therapy may be superior to non‐maintenance therapy in prolonging OS for de novo metastatic NPC patients with pretreatment EBV DNA ≤ 30,000 copies/mL.
Assessment of self‐contempt in psychotherapy: A neurobehavioural perspective
Authors: Kramer Ueli , Renevey Julien , Pascual‐Leone Antonio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this methodological paper was to present self‐contempt, and its assessment, in a broad transdiagnostic framework of psychopathology and related to change in psychotherapy. Self‐contempt may be a central phenomenon in many psychological disorders. We outline methodological recommendations for the study of complex transdiagnostic phenomena which involve multilevel biobehavioural responses.MethodWe illustrate the assessment of self‐contempt as a complex transdiagnostic phenomenon with a study in which emotion‐eliciting two‐chair dialogues focused on the elaboration of self‐criticism, and an observer‐rated system was applied to assess each client's expressed self‐contempt at the moment of enacted self‐criticism. The client's own self‐contemptuous words were extracted from this self‐critical dialogue and then later presented as part of a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm.ResultsThis assessment paradigm was applied to a brief treatment for clients with borderline personality disorder, and the results of pre–post change over time in markers of self‐contempt are presented.ConclusionsThe importance of the assessment of self‐contempt in an ecologically valid manner, by using individualised stimuli and taking into account multilevel activations, is discussed in the context of a transdiagnostic conception of psychopathology and in the context of change in psychotherapy.
Variation in the outer diameter of vascular sheaths commonly used in infant cardiac catheterization
Authors: Mathis Christopher , Romans Ryan , Divekar Abhay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outer diameter (OD) of conventional and radial sheaths from different manufacturers for sizes typically used in infant catheterization.BackgroundThe smallest sheath size is recommended to minimize risk of arterial injury in infants. However, sheath size refers to its internal diameter (ID), but it is the larger OD that determines risk. The OD varies between manufacturers and is frequently not known to the end user.MethodsThree authors measured the OD of 3, 3.3, 4, 5, and 6 French (Fr) sheaths from different manufacturers using a Mitutoyo digital micrometer. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± SD. The midshaft and proximal‐shaft sheath measurements were compared using an independent samples t test. Agreement between author measurements was tested using intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability analysis. Manufacturer sheath OD measurements were obtained. Statistical significance was set at p < .05.ResultsThere was no difference in the measured sheath diameters at the midpoint and proximally (p < .05). The intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability were excellent (Intraclass correlation coefficient 1.0). Among conventional sheaths the OD varied between manufacturers, Terumo sheaths had the smallest and Galt sheaths had the largest OD. Radial sheaths had the smallest OD (1 Fr smaller) when compared to similar sized conventional sheaths. For instance, the OD of 4 Fr radial sheath (1.610 ± 0.006 mm) is essentially the same as the OD of the conventional 3 Fr (1.644 ± 0.016 mm) and 3.3 Fr (1.635 ± 0.005 mm) sheaths.ConclusionsOur study shows variation in the OD of sheaths used in infant catheterization. The radial sheaths offer the smallest OD across sizes.
Photoinduced Pyramidal Inversion Behavior of Phosphanes Involved with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior
Authors: Machida Takashi , Iwasa Takeshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Sada Kazuki , Kokado Kenta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a fascinating phenomenon because of the applications of luminescent materials in the aggregated state, which exploit the large structural changes of the molecules in the excited state. Recently, it was reported that triphenylphosphane derivatives show AIE behavior in which they undergo potentially large structural changes in the excited state. Inspired by this report, photoinduced pyramidal inversion behavior of phosphanes was investigated. In photochemical experiments, the prepared P‐stereogenic phosphanes exhibited photoracemization in dilute solution, and a negative correlation was observed between the photoracemization and the AIE phenomenon. Theoretical computations revealed that the inversion barrier in the excited state was much smaller than that in the ground state. This is the first report on the photoinduced pyramidal inversion behavior of phosphanes, which will provide new and unexplored applications.
Polymer branching and first normal stress differences in small‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow
Authors: Kanso Mona A. , Giacomin Alan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGeneral rigid bead‐rod theory explains polymer viscoelasticity from macromolecular orientation. By means of general rigid bead‐rod theory, we relate the normal stress differences of polymeric liquids to the branch position on a backbone branched macromolecule. In this work, we explore the first normal stress differences coefficients of different axisymmetric polymer configurations. When non‐dimensionalized with the zero‐shear first normal stress difference coefficient, the normal stress differences depend solely on the dimensionless frequency. In this work, in this way, we compare and contrast the normal stress differences of macromolecular chains that are branched. We explore the effects of branch position, length, functionality, spacing, and multiplicity, along a straight chain, in addition to rings and star‐shaped macromolecules in small‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Egyptian fruit bats from three different environments: Are interpretational variations due to the environment or methodology?
Authors: Chawana Richard , Patzke Nina , Bhagwandin Adhil , Kaswera‐Kyamakya Consolate , Gilissen Emmanuel , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hemingway Jason , Manger Paul R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe quantified both proliferative (Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry) and immature (doublecortin immunohistochemistry) cells within the dentate gyrus of adult Egyptian fruit bats from three distinct environments: (a) primary rainforest, (b) subtropical woodland, and (c) fifth‐generation captive‐bred. We used four different previously reported methods to assess the effect of the environment on proliferative and immature cells: (a) the comparison of raw totals of proliferative and immature cells; (b) these totals standardized to brain mass; (c) these totals expressed as a density using the volume of the granular cell layer (GCLv) for standardization; and (d) these totals expressed as a percentage of the total number of granule cells. For all methods, the numbers of proliferative cells did not differ statistically among the three groups, indicating that the rate of proliferation, while malleable to experimental manipulation or transiently in response to events of importance in the natural habitat, appears to occur, for the most part, at a predetermined rate within a species. For the immature cells, raw numbers and standardizations to brain mass and GCLv revealed no difference between the three groups studied; however, standardization to total granule cell numbers indicated that the two groups of wild‐caught bats had significantly higher numbers of immature neurons than the captive‐bred bats. These contrasting results indicate that the interpretation of the effect of the environment on the numbers of immature neurons appears method dependent. It is possible that current methods are not sensitive enough to reveal the effect of different environments on proliferative and immature cells.
The Magnitude of the Warfarin‐Amiodarone Drug‐Drug Interaction Varies With Renal Function: A Propensity‐Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Miano Todd A. , Yang Wei , Shashaty Michael G. S. , Zuppa Athena , Brown Jeremiah R. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: February 2020

Amiodarone inhibits warfarin metabolism and is associated with major bleeding during warfarin therapy. Managing this drug‐drug interaction (DDI) is challenging because of substantial interpatient variability in DDI magnitude. Because renal dysfunction induces changes in drug metabolism and protein binding that could alter cytochrome P450 inhibition mechanisms, we hypothesized that renal dysfunction alters the impact of the warfarin‐amiodarone DDI. We tested this question in a propensity‐matched cohort study of hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients were queried from an electronic health record database. Renal function was estimated with creatinine clearance (CrCl). Warfarin response was measured with the warfarin sensitivity index (WSI), a dose‐normalized international normalized ratio (INR) measure, and was modeled with multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression. Time to supratherapeutic INR (> 4) was modeled using Cox regression. Propensity score matching resulted in 4,518 patients administered amiodarone and 4,518 controls. Amiodarone’s effect on warfarin response varied threefold across the renal function range, increasing WSI by 36% in patients with normal renal function (CrCl 115 mL/minute), but by only 11.8% in patients with severe renal dysfunction (CrCl 15 mL/minute). Similarly, amiodarone had a strong effect in patients with normal renal function (hazard ratio (HR) 1.80; 1.23, 2.64), but a negligible effect on supratherapeutic INR hazard in patients with severe renal dysfunction (HR 1.01; 0.75, 1.37). These results suggest that renal function is a novel factor that explains substantial variability in the warfarin‐amiodarone DDI. This information could inform warfarin dosage adjustment and monitoring and may have implications for the selection of oral anticoagulation agents in patients treated with amiodarone.
New grounded and floating memristor emulators using OTA and CDBA
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Rai Shireesh Kumar , Pandey Rishikesh 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper, grounded and floating decremental/incremental memristor emulators have been proposed by using an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA), and a grounded capacitor. The proposed memristor emulators are simpler in design over most of the realizations of memristor emulators available in the literature. The proposed configurations of grounded and floating decremental memristor emulators can be easily converted into grounded and floating incremental memristor emulators. The pinched hysteresis loops obtained from proposed memristor emulators are maintained up to 1‐MHz frequency in both decremental and incremental configurations. Simulation results have been obtained using a Mentor Graphics Eldo simulation tool in 0.18‐μm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology parameters. Analog filters have also been designed to verify the performance of proposed grounded and floating memristor emulators.
A low‐power, low‐data‐rate efficient ADC with hybrid exponential‐linear transfer curve for bio‐potential recording systems
Authors: Gharaei Jomehei Maryam , Sheikhaei Samad , Saberi Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA digital‐ramp hybrid exponential‐linear analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) is presented in this paper, which is attractive, where a high dynamic range (DR) is required. It is especially applicable for sampling neural (bio‐potential) signals, as most of the neural signal data are concentrated on higher side of the amplitude range. By the exponential quantization function for low signal amplitudes, the background noise that disperses in lower amplitudes will be reduced. For higher signal amplitudes, the exponential function optionally switches to linear function at an adjustable voltage threshold, to reduce required number of bits for those high amplitudes, as well. As a result of this exponential‐linear hybrid operation, the total data rate and the power required for data transmission are decreased. A prototype 8‐bit counter‐based exponential ADC is designed and simulated in 0.18‐μm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS). The 20‐KS/s ADC achieves a DR of 66 dB, occupies 0.036 mm2 area, and consumes 6.4‐μW power from a 1.8‐V supply. Integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) that are redefined to be compatible with nonlinear ADCs are 3.2 and 0.88 least significant bits (LSBs), respectively.
Autoantigens in the trabecular meshwork and glaucoma‐specific alterations in the natural autoantibody repertoire
Authors: Beutgen Vanessa M , Schmelter Carsten , Pfeiffer Norbert , Grus Franz H 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrimary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) is a neurodegenerative disorder leading to a gradual vision loss caused by progressive damage to the optic nerve. Immunological processes are proposed to be involved in POAG pathogenesis. Altered serological autoantibody levels have been frequently reported, but complete analyses of the natural autoantibodies with respect to disease‐related alterations are scarce. Here, we provide an explorative analysis of pathways and biological processes that may involve naturally immunogenic proteins and highlight POAG‐specific alterations.MethodsMass spectrometry‐based antibody‐mediated identification of autoantigens (MS‐AMIDA) was carried out in healthy and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) cell lines, using antibody pools purified from serum samples of 30 POAG patients and 30 non‐glaucomatous subjects. Selected antigens were validated by protein microarray (n = 120). Bioinformatic assessment of identified autoantigens, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction networks, was applied.ResultsOverall, we identified 106 potential autoantigens [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01], from which we considered 66 as physiological targets of natural autoantibodies. Twenty‐one autoantigens appeared to be related to POAG. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) pathway involved in TM fibrosis was particularly rich in POAG‐related antigens. Antibodies to threonine‐tRNA ligase (TARS), component 1 Q subcomponent‐binding protein (C1QBP) and paraneoplastic antigen Ma2 (PNMA2) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels in POAG patients as validated by protein microarray.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into autoimmunity in health and glaucoma. Bioinformatic analysis of POAG‐related autoantigens showed a strong association with the PDGFRB pathway and also increased levels of PNMA2, TARS, and C1QBP autoantibodies in the serum of POAG patients as potential glaucoma biomarkers.
Quantitative Bioimage Analysis of Passaging Effect on the Migratory Behavior of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Spheroid Formation
Authors: Jiang Ching‐Fen , Hsu Shan‐hui , Sun Yu‐Man , Tsai Ming‐Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quality of stem cells obtained through serial subcultivation is the pivotal factor determining the therapeutic effectiveness of regenerative medicine. However, an effective quality monitoring system for cell culture is yet to be established. Detailed parameter studies of the migratory behavior of stem cells at different passages may provide insight into the deterioration of stemness. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of quantitative bioimage analysis for monitoring stem cell quality during in vitro culture and to explore the passaging effects on stem cell migration. An image‐based analytical tool using cell tracking, cytometric analyses, and gating with time‐lapse microscopy was developed to characterize the migratory behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) isolated from human adipose tissue (hADAS) and placenta (hPDMC) cultured on chitosan membranes. Quantitative analysis was performed for the single cells and assembled spheroids selected from 15 videos of Passages 3, 5, and 11 for hADAS and those from 12 videos of Passages 7, 11, and 16 for hPDMC. These passages were selected to represent the young, matured, and degenerated stem cells, respectively. Migratory behavior varied with cell passages. The mobility of single hMSCs decreased at degenerated passages. In addition, enhancement of mobility, due to transformation from single cells to spheroids, occurred at each passage. The young hMSCs seemed more likely to move as single cells rather than as aggregates. Once matured, they tended to aggregate with strong 3D spheroid formability and increased mobility. However, the spheroid formability and mobility decreased at late passage. The increase in aggregation rate with passaging may be a compensatory mechanism to enhance the declining mobility of hMSCs through cell coordination. Our findings regarding the passaging effects on stem‐cell migratory behavior agree with biochemical reports, suggesting that the developed imaging method is capable of monitoring the cell‐culture quality effectively. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A need for speed in Bayesian population models: a practical guide to marginalizing and recovering discrete latent states
Authors: Yackulic Charles B. , Dodrill Michael , Dzul Maria , Sanderlin Jamie S. , Reid Janice A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBayesian population models can be exceedingly slow due, in part, to the choice to simulate discrete latent states. Here, we discuss an alternative approach to discrete latent states, marginalization, that forms the basis of maximum likelihood population models and is much faster. Our manuscript has two goals: (1) to introduce readers unfamiliar with marginalization to the concept and provide worked examples and (2) to address topics associated with marginalization that have not been previously synthesized and are relevant to both Bayesian and maximum likelihood models. We begin by explaining marginalization using a Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model. Next, we apply marginalization to multistate capture–recapture, community occupancy, and integrated population models and briefly discuss random effects, priors, and pseudo‐R2. Then, we focus on recovery of discrete latent states, defining different types of conditional probabilities and showing how quantities such as population abundance or species richness can be estimated in marginalized code. Last, we show that occupancy and site‐abundance models with auto‐covariates can be fit with marginalized code with minimal impact on parameter estimates. Marginalized code was anywhere from five to >1,000 times faster than discrete code and differences in inferences were minimal. Discrete latent states and fully conditional approaches provide the best estimates of conditional probabilities for a given site or individual. However, estimates for parameters and derived quantities such as species richness and abundance are minimally affected by marginalization. In the case of abundance, marginalized code is both quicker and has lower bias than an N‐augmentation approach. Understanding how marginalization works shrinks the divide between Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to population models. Some models that have only been presented in a Bayesian framework can easily be fit in maximum likelihood. On the other hand, factors such as informative priors, random effects, or pseudo‐R2 values may motivate a Bayesian approach in some applications. An understanding of marginalization allows users to minimize the speed that is sacrificed when switching from a maximum likelihood approach. Widespread application of marginalization in Bayesian population models will facilitate more thorough simulation studies, comparisons of alternative model structures, and faster learning.