bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of putative olfactory genes in newly hatched larvae of a Coleopteran ectoparasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Dong Guangping , Fang Jianmin , Liu Hongjian , Guo Wanlin , Yin Huayang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an effective ectoparasitoid of pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) which is the major median insect for transmission of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae). A sensitive and acute olfactory system is extremely essential for newly hatched larva of D. helophoroides to forage for a host. Therefore, we established the transcriptome of newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae and characterized the expression profiles of olfactory genes. We identified 20 transcripts encoding putative odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 11 putative chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 9 putative odorant receptors (ORs), 11 putative ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 putative gustatory receptors (GRs) and 4 putative sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) olfactory genes from the transcriptome of newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae. According to the phylogenetic analysis, 3 OBPs (DhelOBP6, DhelOBP14 and DhelOBP19), 1 CSP (DhelCSP11), 1 OR (DhelOrco1), 3 IRs (DhelIR3, DhelIR6 and DhelIR8), 3 GRs (DhelGR2, DhelGR4 and DhelGR5) and 2 SNMPs (DhelSNMP1 and DhelSNMP3) had high similarities with reported Coleopteran species. The highest expressed olfactory gene was DhelCSP3, followed by DhelOBP8 and DhelCSP2. The expression levels of the majority of OR, IR, GR and SNMP genes were low. These results indicate that CSPs and OBPs may play important roles in the olfactory recognition process in newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae. The findings from the present study are helpful in unraveling the profound mystery between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus, as well as improving the parasitism efficiency of D. helophoroides larvae.
Preoperative high‐dose Steroids in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty – Protocols for three randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nielsen Niklas I. , Kehlet Henrik , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders , Husted Henrik , Varnum Claus , Kjærsgaard‐Andersen Per , Rasmussen Lasse E. , Mandøe Hans , Foss Nicolai B. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPatients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA)/ total hip arthroplasty (THA) still experience moderate‐severe postoperative pain despite optimized pain management regimes. The patients already on opioid treatment and pain catastrophizers (PCs) have a higher risk of postoperative pain.The use of preoperative intravenous high‐dose glucocorticoids decreases postoperative pain after TKA and THA, but optimal dose is yet to be found, and the effect on subpopulations at high pain risk is unknown.AimTo investigate the effect of a higher than previously used dose of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone (DXM)), administered intravenously before surgery, as part of standardized fast‐track regimen, on postoperative pain in TKA/THA subgroups.MethodThree separate randomized, double‐blinded, controlled trials were planned to compare a new higher dose DXM (1 mg/kg) to the earlier used high‐dose DXM (0.3 mg/kg). Study 1: predicted Low Pain TKA; study 2: predicted High Pain Responder (HPR) TKA; study 3: predicted HPR THA. Predicted HPR groups consist of either PCs with PCS‐score of ≥ 21 and/or history of ongoing opioid‐treatment of 30 mg/day of morphine or equivalents > 30 days. In total, 408 patients were planned for inclusion (160 Low Pain TKA, 88 HPR TKA, 160 HPR THA).
Primary outcome
Pain upon ambulation in a 5‐meter walk test 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes include use of analgesics, rescue‐opioids, antiemetics, cumulated pain, CRP, OR‐SDS, QoR‐15, quality of sleep, length of stay (LOS), reasons for hospitalization, readmission, morbidity, and mortality. Patients completed follow‐up on day 90. Recruiting commenced February 2019 and is expected to finish in September 2020.
Methadone‐related deaths among youth and young adults in Sweden 2006–15
Authors: Fugelstad Anna , Bremberg Sven , Hjelmström Peter , Thiblin Ingmar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify methadone‐related deaths and determine the prevalence among youth and young adults in Sweden 2006–15.Design, Setting and ParticipantsNational retrospective registry study comparing data from all forensic autopsy examinations and toxicology cases involving methadone during 2006–15 in individuals aged 15–29 years with police records, previous pharmaceutical prescriptions and health‐care episodes.MeasurementsMultinomial logistic regression. To assess the factors contributing to the deaths, we compared individuals with and without previous substance use treatment and opioid use‐related diagnoses with regard to previous opioid agonist treatment (OAT), psychiatric care and previous pain medication. To assess the circumstances of deaths, we analyzed the presence of other drugs and other factors at time of death.FindingsWe identified 269 methadone‐related deaths, and the rate increased during the study period. Seventy‐two (27%) cases had not previously received substance use treatment, 112 (42%) had received treatment but had no opioid use‐related diagnosis and 85 (32%) had received treatment and had an opioid use‐related diagnosis. In total, only 10 individuals had been prescribed methadone during the year before death. Prescriptions of benzodiazepines (60%), antidepressants (62%) and opioids for pain (22%) the year before death were common. Most deaths occurred during sleep with a time lag from ingestion of methadone.ConclusionPrescription opioid‐ and methadone‐related deaths increased in the group aged 15–29 years in Sweden between 2006 and 2015. Exposure to non‐prescribed methadone and prescribed benzodiazepines, antidepressants and opioids for pain appears to be common in drug‐related deaths in youth and young adults in Sweden.
LupinuspolyphyllusLindl. andRumex acetosellaL. effects on nutrient accumulation and microbial activity on tephra from the Puyehue–Cordón Caulle eruption (2011)
Authors: Ferreiro Nicolás , Satti Patricia , Castán Elisa , Álvarez Soria Luciano , Mazzarino María Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the capacity ofLupinus polyphyllus(Leguminosae) andRumex acetosella(Polygonaceae) to promote nutrient accumulation and microbial activity on tephra from the volcanic eruption of the Chilean Puyehue–Cordon Caulle complex (Northern Patagonia) in June 2011. In December 2015, February 2016 and September 2016, we sampled (1) barren substrate (‘Barren’), (2) substrate underR. acetosella(‘R. ac. substrate’), (3) substrate underL. polyphyllus(‘L. po. substrate’), (4)R. acetosellarhizosphere substrate (‘R. ac. rhizosphere’) and (5)L. polyphyllusrhizosphere substrate (‘L. po. rhizosphere’) (n = 5). Soil properties (moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, available P, inorganic N and total N) and microbial activity (enzymatic activities) were assessed. ‘Barren’ presented the lowest moisture, organic C, total N and enzymatic activities. ‘R. ac. substrate’ and ‘L. po. substrate’ showed similar levels of organic C (0.23–0.30 g kg−1), and however,R. acetosellawas associated with lower inorganic N (‘R. ac. substrate’ = 0.7 and ‘L. po. substrate’ = 2.3 mg kg−1) whileL. polyphyllustended to promote higher total N, especially in the rhizosphere (‘R. ac. rhizosphere’ = 0.19 and ‘L. po. rhizosphere’ = 0.34 g kg−1). ‘L. po. substrate’ and ‘L. po. rhizosphere’ presented the highest enzymatic activities. After five years,L. polyphyllusandR. acetosellahave increased tephra organic C, total N and microbial activity, and however,L. polyphyllushas maintained the best substrate N availability.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Genomic testing and counseling: The contribution of next‐generation sequencing to epilepsy genetics
Authors: Alsubaie Lamia , Aloraini Taghrid , Amoudi Manal , Swaid Abdulrahman , Eyiad Wafaa , Al Mutairi Fuad , Ababneh Farouq , Alrifai Muhammad Talal , Baarmah Duaa , Altwaijri Waleed , Alotaibi Naser , Harthi Ashraf , Rumayyan Ahmad , Alanazi Ali , Qrimli Mohammad , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology is more accessible and available to detect the genetic causation of diseases. Though NGS technology benefited some clinical phenotypes, for some clinical diagnoses such as seizures and epileptic disorders, adaptation occurred slowly. The genetic diagnosis was mainly based on epilepsy gene panels and not on whole exome and/or genome sequencing.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed 420 index cases, referred for NGS over a period of 18 months, to investigate the challenges in diagnosing epilepsy.ResultOf the 420 cases, 65 (15%) were referred due to epilepsy with one third having a positive family history. The result of the NGS was 14 positive cases (21.5%), 16 inconclusive cases (24%), and 35 (53%) negative cases. No gene has been detected twice in the inconclusive and positive groups. Comparative genomic hybridization has been performed for all 30 NGS negative cases and four cases with pathogenic variants (deletion in 15q11.213.1, deletion of 2p16.3, deletion in Xq22.1, and deletion in 17p13.3) were identified.ConclusionThese findings have implications for our understanding of the approach to genetic testing and counseling of patients affected with seizures and epilepsy disorders. The overall diagnostic yield of exome/genome sequencing in our cohort was 23%. The main characteristic is genetic heterogeneity, supporting NGS technology as a suitable testing approach for seizures and epilepsy disorders. Genetic counseling for newly identified disease‐causing variants depends on the pedigree interpretation, within the context of disease penetrance and variable expressivity.
Above‐ground biomass and vegetation attributes in the forest‐savannah mosaic of Togo, West Africa
Authors: Atsri Honam Komina , Kokou Kouami , Abotsi Komla Elikplim , Kokutse Adzo Dzifa , Cuni‐Sanchez Aida 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the increasing interest in the role of African savannah and woodlands on the global carbon cycle, little is known about the above‐ground biomass (AGB) and the factors affecting it in these ecosystems in West Africa. We estimated AGB in different vegetation types of a forest–savannah mosaic in Togo, and we investigated the relationship between AGB, structural and diversity attributes. We also assessed the effects of using the ≥5 or ≥10 cm diameter threshold on AGB estimates. We sampled tree diameter, height and species of all trees ≥5 cm diameter following standardised protocols in 160 plots of 50 × 20 m (50 × 10 m for riparian). Above‐ground biomass (AGB) (all trees ≥5 cm diameter) ranged from 6.2 Mg/ha in shrub savannah to 292 Mg/ha in riparian forest and showed significant differences between vegetation types. Differences in AGB were related to structural attributes, with little influence of diversity attributes. The effects of minimum tree diameter size (5 or 10 cm) on AGB estimates were negligible. At a landscape level, closed‐canopy and open forests stored important quantities of carbon. We highlight the importance of the forest–savannah mosaic as a large carbon pool, which could be released if converted to another land cover type.
Revolutionary Fossils, Ancient Biomolecules, and Reflections in Ethics and Decolonization: Paleoanthropology in 2019
Authors: Schroeder Lauren 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTOver the past few decades, paleoanthropology has undergone a transformative shift away from studies focused solely on traditional assessments of skeletal anatomy. Prior to this shift, a review highlighting a year of research may have primarily consisted of a description of new fossil discoveries; in 2019, however, this review also incorporates novel subject matters such as ancient DNA, paleoproteomics, and studies applying a wide array of new analytical methods and theoretical frameworks to paleoanthropological questions. Through these new advances, the nonlinearity and complexity of hominin evolution has been illuminated, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary work in progressing the field. In addition, similar to the broader discipline of biological anthropology, the topic of decolonization has been reflected on and discussed. Further, researchers in paleoanthropology are grappling with important issues related to open access and data sharing. In light of this widening scope, this review centers on a collection of studies that focus on five key themes: (1) new discoveries; (2) data sharing and ethics; (3) human origins research; (4) paleogenomics, and new advancements in paleoproteomics; and (5) introspection on a colonial history. Paleoanthropology is coming of age, and in 2019 especially, published research has been reflective of this. [Evolutionary anthropology; human evolution; year in review; human origins]
The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative behaviour change in children: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lee‐Archer P. F. , von Ungern‐Sternberg B. S. , Reade M. , Betts M. , Haenke D. , Keys A. , Rance T. , Gibbons K. , Long D. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryChildren may develop changes in their behaviour following general anaesthesia. Some examples of negative behaviour include temper tantrums and nightmares, as well as sleep and eating disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of negative behaviour change after anaesthesia for day case surgery in children aged two to seven years. Children were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a premedication group received 2 μg.kg-1 intranasal dexmedetomidine; an intra‐operative group received 1 μg.kg-1 intravenous dexmedetomidine; and a control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of negative behaviour on postoperative day 3 using the Post‐Hospitalisation Behaviour Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ‐AS) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Secondary outcomes included: the incidence of negative behaviour on postoperative days 14 and 28; anxiety at induction; emergence delirium; pain; length of recovery and hospital stay; and any adverse events. The data for 247 patients were analysed. Negative behaviour change on postoperative day 3 was similar between all three groups when measured with the PHBQ‐AS (47%, 44% and 51% respectively; adjusted p=0.99) and the SDQ (median scores 7.5, 6.0 and 8.0 respectively; adjusted p=0.99). The incidence of negative behaviour in the group who received dexmedetomidine intra‐operatively was less at postoperative day 28 (15% compared with 36% in the dexmedetomidine premedication group and 41% in the control group, p<0.001). We conclude that dexmedetomidine does not reduce the incidence of negative behaviour on postoperative day 3 in two to seven‐year olds having day case procedures. [Correction added 15 January 2021, after first online publication: In original published version, there was a dosage error in the Summary section, which specified mg instead of μg; this version corrects the error].
Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Heath C. , Sommerfield A. , von Ungern‐Sternberg B. S. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic marks an extraordinary global public health crisis unseen in the last century, with its rapid spread worldwide and associated mortality burden. The longevity of the crisis and disruption to normality is unknown. With COVID‐19 set to be a chronic health crisis, clinicians will be required to maintain a state of high alert for an extended period. The support received before and during an incident is likely to influence whether clinicians experience psychological growth or injury. An abundance of information is emerging on disease epidemiology, pathogenesis and infection control prevention. However, literature on interventions for supporting the psychological well‐being of healthcare workers during disease outbreaks is limited. This article summarises the available management strategies to increase resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond. It focuses on self‐care and organisational justice. It highlights various individual as well as organisational strategies. With the success of slowing disease spread in many countries to date, and reduced work‐load due to limitations on elective surgery in many institutions, there is more time and opportunity to be pro‐active in implementing measures to mitigate or minimise potential adverse psychological effects and improve, restore and preserve the well‐being of the workforce now and for years to come. The purpose of this review is to review available literature on strategies for minimising the psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinicians and to identify pro‐active holistic approaches which may be beneficial for healthcare workers both for the current crisis and into the future.
Endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery: incidence and outcome in relation to age, operated eye muscle, surgical technique, scleral perforation and immune state
Authors: Simonsz Huibert J. , Rutar Tina , Kraft Stephen , Thiadens Alberta A.H.J. , Batstra Manou R. , Verdijk Robert M. , Loeffler Karin U. , Kommerell Guntram ,   the Endophthalmitis‐after‐Strabismus‐Surgery Reporting Group
Published: June 2020

PurposeIdentify risk factors for endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery (EASS) and relate these to incidence and outcome.MethodsOphthalmologists, who had operated, diagnosed or treated EASS, completed a case record form with 71 questions in six domains: Preoperative, Surgery, Perforation, Postoperative, Outcome and Experts’ opinion. To estimate the age‐specific incidence per number of strabismus operations in the Netherlands during 1994‐2013, the age distribution of Dutch cases was compared with the age‐specific rates of strabismus surgery in the Dutch Registry of Strabismus Operations and with population data. Exploratory data analysis was performed. The immune state was evaluated in six patients. Five enucleated eyes were studied histopathologically.ResultsNone of the 26 patients (27 eyes with EASS) were between 9 and 65 years old, except for one patient with retinal haemorrhage followed by endophthalmitis. In the Netherlands during 1994‐2013, the rate of EASS was approximately one per 11 000 strabismus operations, but one per 4300 for children aged 0–3 and one per 1000 for patients 65 and older. Endophthalmitis was diagnosed on postoperative day 1–4 in children aged 0–3. In all 15 children aged 0–5, the 16 affected eyes were phthisical, eviscerated or enucleated. The involved eye muscle had been recessed in 25 of 27 cases. It was a medial rectus in 15 of 16 children aged 0–6. It was a lateral (6), inferior (2) or medial (1) rectus in elderly. Scleral perforation went unnoticed in all children (no record in three) and in two of seven elderly (no record in two). Histopathology showed transscleral scarring compatible with scleral perforation in four patients but, in a two‐year‐old girl who had EASS together with a transient medial rectus palsy, the sclera underneath the former suture tract was not perforated but did contain the long posterior ciliary artery.ConclusionsEndophthalmitis after strabismus surgery (EASS) affects children and elderly, with a grave outcome in young children. It occurs after recession of the medial rectus muscle in children, and it may occur without scleral perforation. Age and perforation are key determinants that interact with other factors that determine the occurrence and fulminance of EASS.
Pigmentary retinopathy can indicate the presence of pathogenic LAMP2 variants even in somatic mosaic carriers with no additional signs of Danon disease
Authors: Kousal Bohdan , Majer Filip , Vlaskova Hana , Dvorakova Lenka , Piherova Lenka , Meliska Martin , Langrova Hana , Palecek Tomas , Kubanek Milos , Krebsova Alice , Gurka Jiri , Stara Veronika , Michaelides Michel , Kalina Tomas , Sikora Jakub , Liskova Petra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeDanon disease (DD) is a rare X‐linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in LAMP2. DD primarily manifests as a severe cardiomyopathy. An early diagnosis is crucial for patient survival. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of ocular examination for identification of DD.MethodsDetailed ocular examination in 10 patients with DD (3 males, 7 females) and a 45‐year‐old asymptomatic female somatic mosaic carrier of a LAMP2 disease‐causing variant.ResultsAll patients with manifest cardiomyopathy had pigmentary retinopathy with altered autofluorescence and diffuse visual field loss. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was decreased (<0.63) in 8 (40%) out of 20 eyes. The severity of retinal pathology increased with age, resulting in marked cone‐rod involvement overtime. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in younger patients revealed focal loss of photoreceptors, disruption and deposition at the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane layer (corresponding to areas of marked increased autofluorescence), and hyperreflective foci in the outer nuclear layer. Cystoid macular oedema was seen in one eye. In the asymptomatic female with somatic mosaicism, the BCVA was 1.0 bilaterally. An abnormal autofluorescence pattern in the left eye was present; while full‐field electroretinography was normal.ConclusionsDetailed ocular examination may represent a sensitive and quick screening tool for the identification of carriers of LAMP2 pathogenic variants, even in somatic mosaicism. Hence, further investigation should be undertaken in all patients with pigmentary retinal dystrophy as it may be a sign of a life‐threatening disease.
The occurrence of optic disc haemorrhage in primary open‐angle glaucoma eyes with lower normal pressure and its relating factors
Authors: Sakata Rei , Yoshitomi Takeshi , Araie Makoto ,   for Lower Normal Pressure Glaucoma Study Members in Japan Glaucoma Society
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo report the occurrence probability of disc haemorrhage (DH) and risk factors for it in otherwise healthy Japanese normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) patients who had lower normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and were followed without treatment for 5 years.MethodsA prospective observational study. Normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with IOP consistently ≤15 mmHg without treatment were enrolled. The presence or absence of DH was checked semi‐annually on the fundus photographs by three independent observers, while patients were followed without treatment. Cox proportional hazards model taking inter‐eye correlation into consideration was adopted to identify risk factors for DH occurrence. The main outcomes were DH occurrence probability during 5‐year period and its risk factors.ResultsOne hundred seventeen eyes of 90 patients with mean age of 54.1 years, mean deviation value of −3.6 decibels and mean IOP during follow‐up of 12.4 mmHg were included. Disc haemorrhage (DH) was observed at least once in 34 eyes and more than twice in 15 eyes during the follow‐up. The DH occurrence probability at 5 years was 31% (95% confidence interval: 21–40%), and lower myopic refraction (HR = 1.18; p = 0.018), higher IOP during follow‐up (HR = 1.35; p = 0.047) and presence of DH at baseline (HR = 4.19; p = 0.002) were its risk factors.ConclusionDisc haemorrhage (DH) occurrence probability of Japanese healthy NTG patients with mean IOP of 12.4 mmHg and no systemic and/or topical treatment was 31% at 5 years. Lower myopic refraction, higher IOP and its existence at baseline were its risk factors.