bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐State [2+2] Photodimerization of 1‐Aryl‐4‐pyridylbutadienes in Cation‐π‐Controlled Crystals
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Aya Kanae 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIrradiation of HX (X=CF3SO3 or CF3CO2) salts of 1‐aryl‐4‐pyridylbutadienes 1 a–1 c in the solid‐state afforded syn head‐to‐tail dimers in good yields among a number of possible dimers, whereas irradiation of the neutral substrates gave a complex mixture or no products. A comparison of the X‐ray crystal structures of the neutral compounds and the HX salts clarified that their orientation modes are head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail, respectively. Moreover, while the distances between the two neighboring double bonds of the neutral compounds are relatively far apart from each other, those of HX salts are close together, satisfying Schmidt's requirement. These findings suggested that cation‐π interactions between the pyridinium and aromatic rings are effective for the preorientation of the HX salts of substrates, leading to photodimers in high regio‐ and stereoselectivities.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines by Iodine Mediated Oxidative Annulation
Authors: Halder Atreyee , Maiti Debabrata , De Sarkar Suman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn iodine‐mediated environmentally benign synthesis of multi‐substituted quinoline derivatives is developed using a solvent‐free mechanochemical process. Appropriately designed and easily accessible protecting group‐free aniline derivatives were used for the oxidative annulation reaction, and a series of quinoline derivatives with variable functionalities were synthesized up to 89 % isolated yield. Importantly, the activator iodine remains in the quinoline molecule and promotes further functionalizations. The present methodology is beneficial with regard to operational simplicity and mild reaction conditions.
Group 13 Element Trihalide Complexes of Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ho Luong Phong , Anders Lisa , Tamm Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of group 13 complexes of the general type [{(WCA‐IDipp)EX3}Li(solv)] (E=B, Al, Ga, In; X=Cl, Br) that bear an anionic N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand with a weakly coordinating borate moiety (WCA‐IDipp, WCA=B(C6F5)3 and IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) were prepared by the reaction of the respective group 13 trihalides (EX3) with the lithium salt [(WCA‐IDipp)Li ⋅ toluene]. The molecular structures of the BBr3, AlCl3, AlBr3, GaCl3 and InCl3 adducts were established by X‐ray diffraction analyses, revealing the formation of coordination polymers linked by halide‐lithium interactions, except for the indium derivative, which consists of isolated [Li(THF)4]+ and [(WCA‐IDipp)InCl3]− ions in the solid state.
Effects of Solid Acid Supports on the Bifunctional Catalysis of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone: Catalytic Activity and Stability
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Lu Xuebin , Bai Hui , Xiong Jian , Feng Wenli , Ji Na 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous transformation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) is regarded as a critical process of the lignocellulose‐based biorefinery system. Substantial progress on the catalytic conversion of LA to GVL has been continuously achieved recently. However, the traditional research paradigm typically emphasizes the metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation step, but lacks profound insights into the potential impacts of catalyst supports. Herein, an overview of the bifunctional catalytic system classified by representative solid acid supports for LA conversion to GVL is presented, and effects of critical factors on metal‐ and acid‐ catalyzed processes are discussed. Particularly, impacts of key issues on catalytic stability are thoroughly summarized and analyzed. Challenges and suggestions are also proposed from the perspective of increases in both catalytic activity and stability. This review potentially contributes to the rational design of high‐efficiency catalysts used in the biomass valorization for renewable energy production.
Reactive Ionic Liquid Enables the Construction of 3D Rh Particles with Nanowire Subunits for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Chen Tingting , Liu Shuai , Ying Hao , Li Zhonghao , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUntil now, the synthesis of Rh particles with unusual three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures is still challenging. A 3D nanostructure enables fast ion/molecule transport and possesses plenty of exposed active surface, and therefore it is of great interest to construct 3D Rh particles catalysts for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we proposed a reactive ionic liquid strategy for fabricating unusual 3D Rh particles with nanowires as the subunits. The ionic liquid n‐octylammonium formate simultaneously worked as reaction medium, reductant and template for the successful construction of 3D Rh particles. The as‐prepared 3D Rh particles demonstrated excellent activity for electrocatalytic N2 fixation in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte under ambient conditions with a high NH3 yield of 35.58 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing most of the state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. Our reactive ionic liquid strategy thus holds great promise for the rational construction of high‐performance electrocatalysts toward NRR.
Reversed Cation Selectivity of G8‐Octamer and G16‐Hexadecamer towards Monovalent and Divalent Cations
Authors: He Ying , Zhang Yanbin , Wojtas Lukasz , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Pan Qinhe , Guo Hao , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA reverse‐binding‐selectivity between monovalent and divalent cations was observed for two different self‐assembly G16‐hexadecamer and G8‐octamer systems. The dissociation constant between G4‐quadruplex and monomer was calculated via VT‐1H NMR experiments. Quantitative energy profiles revealed entropy as the key factor for the weaker binding toward Ba2+ compared with K+ in the G8‐octamer system despite stronger ion‐dipole interactions. This study is the first direct comparison of the G4‐quartet binding affinity between mono and divalent cations and will benefit future applications of G‐quadruplex‐related research. Further competition experiments between the G8‐octamer and 18‐crown‐6 with K+ demonstrated the potential of this G8 system as a new potassium receptor.
Visualization of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization by Aggregation‐Induced Emission Technology
Authors: Wang Xin , Qiao Xiaoguang , Yin Xiuzhe , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Liu Minying , Wang Guowei , Pan Xiangcheng , Pang Xinchang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) technology has been demonstrated to be a facile approach for in‐situ monitoring atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A series of tertraphenyl ethylene (TPE)‐containing α‐bromo compounds were synthesized and applied as ATRP initiators. The photoluminescent (PL) emission of the polymerization system is proved to be sensitive to the local viscosity owing to the AIE characteristics of TPE. Linear relationships between the resulting molecular weight Mn and PL intensity were observed in several polymerization systems with different monomers, indicating the variability of this technique. Compared to physical blending, the chemical bonding of the TPE group in the chain end has higher sensitivity and accuracy to the polymer segments and the surrounding environment. This work promoted the combination of the AIE technique and controlled living radical polymerization, and introduced such an optical research platform to the ATRP polymerization process.
Alnatura Campus – Neubau der Alnatura Arbeitswelt
Authors: Haas Martin , Mayer Lynn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFür den 55 000 m2 großen Alnatura Campus wurde das ehemalige Kasernengelände im Südwesten von Darmstadt umfassend renaturiert. Versiegelte Flächen wurden aufgebrochen und das anfallende Material in den Freiflächen verbaut.Herzstück des Campus ist die Alnatura Arbeitswelt, eine lichte, offene Bürolandschaft für bis zu 500 Mitarbeiter. Mit einer Bruttogeschossfläche von 13 500 m2 ist es das europaweit größte Bürogebäude aus Lehm. Lehm reguliert das Raumklima auf natürliche Weise und wirkt sich positiv auf die Raumakustik aus. Lichte Räume, flexible Arbeitsplätze, ein Erdkanal, der das klimaneutrale Gebäude mit Frischluft aus dem angrenzenden Wald versorgt, eine Regenwasserzisterne sowie Fotovoltaik‐ und Geothermieanlagen erfüllen höchste ökologische Anforderungen.Das gesamte Erdgeschoss funktioniert als Treffpunkt, als Raum für Kommunikation, der die unkomplizierte Begegnung von Besuchern und Mitarbeitern ermöglicht. Treppen, Brücken und Stege bieten Verbindungen zu und zwischen den geschwungenen Büroebenen und schaffen horizontale und vertikale Nachbarschaften. Der Alnatura Campus dient auch als Lern‐ und Begegnungsort für die Menschen der Region mit einem öffentlichen Restaurant im Erdgeschoss sowie öffentlichen Nutz‐ und Lehrgärten.„Die Alnatura Arbeitswelt gibt Antworten, wie man Gebäude heute planen und bauen kann: einfach und ressourcenneutral“, sagt Martin Haas, Gründer und Partner von haascookzemmrich STUDIO2050. „Es gibt den Werten und den offenen Strukturen des Unternehmens Alnatura eine architektonische Entsprechung, die Identität stiftet und Menschen verbindet.“
Systematic investigation on the chemical basis of anti‐NAFLD Qushi Huayu Fang. Part 1: A study of metabolic profiles in vivo and in vitro by high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Huan , Sun Zhaolin , Tian Xiaoting , Feng Qin , Guo Ziqiong , Chen Shuoji , Yin Hao , Wang Yangyang , Xu Zhou , Xie Like , Hu Pei , Huang Chenggang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQushi Huayu Fang (QHF) is a clinic‐empirical prescription for treating non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China, which is composed of five herbs. However, the bioactive constituents responsible for the efficacy of QHF remain unclear. Thus, a high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was established and adopted to identify the constituents of QHF, and profile its metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Among the 66 constituents in QHF, only 14 compounds of six structural types were absorbed, and 34 metabolites were generated through eight metabolic pathways. A total of 20 metabolites were first reported, including four organic acids, one iridoid, two flavones, five naphthols, three anthraquinones, and five stilbenes. Glucuronidation and sulfation were the main metabolic pathways, and the intestinal metabolism played an important role in the biotransformation of QHF. Many compounds, especially those detected in the liver, the target organ of QHF, were reported to display the anti‐NAFLD activity. This is the first study to explore the constituents of QHF and its metabolism in vivo and in vitro, thus realizing the first step to clarify the chemical basis of QHF qualitatively, and laying the foundation for further research on the anti‐NAFLD mechanism of QHF.
Characterization of the metabolites of rosmarinic acid in human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Jing , Jia Fangyuan , Lu Junjie , Chen Weixu , Sun Han , Liu Tong , Wu Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic acid originally isolated from the herb medicine Rosmarinus officinalis. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolites of RA. RA was incubated with human liver microsomes in the presence of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate tetrasodium salt and/or uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid using glutathione (GSH) as a trapping agent. After 60‐min incubation, the samples were analyzed using high‐resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Under the current conditions, 14 metabolites were detected and identified. Our data revealed that RA was metabolized through the following pathways: the first pathway is the oxidation of catechol to form ortho‐quinone intermediates, which react with GSH to form mono‐GSH adducts (M1, M2, and M3) and bis‐GSH adducts (M4 and M5); the second pathway is conjugation with glucuronide to yield acylglucuronide (M7), which further reacts with GSH to form RA‐S‐acyl‐GSH adduct (M9); the third pathway is hydroxylation to form M10, M11, and M12, which further react with GSH to form mono‐GSH adducts (M13 and M14); the fourth pathway is conjugation with GSH through Michael addition (M6); the fifth pathway is conjugation with glucuronidation, forming M8, which is the major metabolic pathway of RA.
Ascending aortic elongation and correlative change in overall configuration of the proximal aorta in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Toba Takayoshi , Mori Shumpei , Izawa Yu , Toh Hiroyuki , Tsuda Daisuke , Shimoyama Shinsuke , Kawamori Hiroyuki , Otake Hiromasa , Tanaka Hidekazu , Fujiwara Sei , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundConfigurational changes in the proximal aorta are relevant to the procedural difficulty of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Among several morphological changes involving the ascending aorta, elongation is characteristics of elderly patients with aortic stenosis and can compromise the success and safety of TAVI. However, the effect of ascending aortic elongation on the overall morphology of the proximal aorta has not been established.AimsOur primary purpose was to investigate the effect of ascending aortic elongation on structural changes in the proximal aorta in TAVI candidates.Materials & MethodsIn total, 121 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis (mean age, 84.5 ± 5.3 years; 69% women) who had undergone preprocedural computed tomography before TAVI were enrolled. We examined the structural anatomy of the proximal aorta in detail, focusing on its elongation, dilatation, tilting, rotation, and wedging.ResultsThe mean length of the ascending aorta was 68.0 ± 9.2 mm, and the length was significantly correlated with dilatation (R = .278, p = .002), rightward tilting (R = .437, p < .001), clockwise rotation (R = .228, p = .018), and deep wedging (R = −.366, p < .001) of the proximal aorta. Elongation of the ascending aorta was correlated with dilatation, rightward tilting, clockwise rotation, and deep wedging of the proximal aorta in an elderly population with severe aortic stenosis.DiscussionAppreciation of the clinical anatomy around the proximal aorta is required for clinicians involved in TAVI to estimate the procedural difficulty.ConclusionElongation of the ascending aorta was associated with dilatation, rightward tilting, clockwise rotation, and deep wedging of the proximal aorta.
Enrollment of adolescents and young adults onto SWOG cancer research network clinical trials: A comparative analysis by treatment site and era
Authors: Roth Michael E. , Unger Joseph M. , O'Mara Ann M. , Lewis Mark A. , Budd Troy , Johnson Rebecca H. , Pollock Brad H. , Blanke Charles , Freyer David R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15‐39 years old) enroll onto cancer clinical trials, which hinders research otherwise having the potential to improve outcomes in this unique population. Prior studies have reported that AYAs are more likely to receive cancer care in community settings. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has led efforts to increase trial enrollment through its network of NCI‐designated cancer centers (NCICC) combined with community outreach through its Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP; replaced by the NCI Community Oncology Research Program in 2014).MethodsUsing AYA proportional enrollment (the proportion of total enrollments who were AYAs) as the primary outcome, we examined enrollment of AYAs onto SWOG therapeutic trials at NCICC, CCOP, and non‐NCICC/non‐CCOP sites from 2004 to 2013 by type of site, study period (2004‐08 vs 2009‐13), and patient demographics.ResultsOverall, AYA proportional enrollment was 10.1%. AYA proportional enrollment decreased between 2004‐2008 and 2009‐2013 (13.1% vs 8.5%, P < .001), and was higher at NCICCs than at CCOPs and non‐NCICC/non‐CCOPs (14.1% vs 8.3% and 9.2%, respectively; P < .001). AYA proportional enrollment declined significantly at all three site types. Proportional enrollment of AYAs who were Black or Hispanic was significantly higher at NCICCs compared with CCOPs or non‐NCICC/non‐CCOPs (11.5% vs 8.8, P = .048 and 11.5% vs 8.6%, P = .03, respectively).ConclusionNot only did community sites enroll a lower proportion of AYAs onto cancer clinical trials, but AYA enrollment decreased in all study settings. Initiatives aimed at increasing AYA enrollment, particularly in the community setting with attention to minority status, are needed.
miR‐150‐5p suppresses the stem cell‐like characteristics of glioma cells by targeting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Tian Weidong , Zhu Weijie , Jiang Jingchao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlioma is the most common brain tumor malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells are the key culprit in the development of cancer. MicroRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in many cancers, while the mechanism underlying miR‐150‐5p in glioma progression and proportion of stem cells is unclear. The expression levels of miR‐150‐5p and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1, which encodes β‐catenin) were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot. The expression levels of downstream genes of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and stem cell markers were detected by qRT‐PCR. Tumorigenesis was investigated by cell viability, colony formation, and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between miR‐150‐5p and β‐catenin was explored via bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay. We found that miR‐150‐5p was downregulated in glioma and its overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor growth. Moreover, miR‐150‐5p directly suppressed CTNNB1 and negatively regulated the abundances of downstream genes of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and stem cell markers. Furthermore, miR‐150‐5p expression was decreased and β‐catenin level was enhanced in CD133+ glioma stem cells. Knockdown of miR‐150‐5p contributed to CD133− cells with stem cell‐like phenotype, whereas overexpression of miR‐150‐5p suppressed CD133+ glioma stem cell‐like characteristics. In conclusion, miR‐150‐5p inhibited the progression of glioma by controlling stem cell‐like characteristics via regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, providing a novel target for glioma treatment.
Effects of drying methods (hot air, microwave, and superheated steam) on physicochemical and nutritional properties of bulgur prepared from high‐amylose and waxy hull‐less barley
Authors: Dueck Clifford , Cenkowski Stefan , Izydorczyk Marta S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBulgur, an ancient and traditional food extensively consumed in Turkey and the Middle East, has been gaining popularity elsewhere as a nutritious and convenient cereal product with prolonged shelf life. The cooking, drying, and comminution methods used for bulgur production may affect the color, yield, chemical composition, nutritive quality, and physical properties of bulgur. The objectives of this study were to produce bulgur from high‐amylose and waxy hull‐less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties and to investigate the effects of different drying methods: hot air, microwave, and superheated steam on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of barley bulgur.FindingsDifferent drying methods applied in this study for the preparation of barley bulgur had significant effects on the physicochemical and nutritious properties of the final products. Bulgur products from high‐amylose barley (cv. CDC Hilose) contained lower amounts of proteins, but higher amounts of ash, arabinoxylans, resistant starch, total dietary fiber, and vitamin E than bulgur products from waxy barley (cv. CDC Marlina). However, bulgur products from CDC Marlina exhibited significantly higher solubility of β‐glucans compared with bulgur from CDC Hilose.ConclusionsOverall, the optimal quality characteristics in terms of high bulgur yield, short cooking time, low cooking losses, high β‐glucan solubility, and high retention of vitamin E were achieved for bulgur prepared from grain dried with superheated steam at 110°C. The second best results were obtained for bulgur prepared from the microwave‐dried grain. Some differences in composition and properties of bulgur prepared from waxy and high‐amylose barley were related to genetic variations and differences in starch composition. The higher content of total dietary fiber in bulgur products from CDC Hilose was partly attributed to a higher content of resistant starch formed during the processing of this high‐amylose barley.Significance and noveltyBarley has been long considered a wholesome and nutritious grain, and the results of this study clearly showed that it can be used for the preparation of bulgur, a convenient and functional food product. The use of superheated steam as a drying method for the preparation of barley bulgur proved to generate product with superior properties, especially when compared to conventional hot air drying.
Failure of response to combination therapy of adalimumab and infliximab in a recalcitrant patient of severe psoriasis and major thalassemia: A case report
Authors: Goldust Mohamad , Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem , Gupta Mrinal , Lotti Torello , Bathaei Marzieh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first case report of combination therapy in psoriasis with underlying thalassemia that failed after months. The relation of thalassemia with severity of psoriasis and response to treatment should be evaluated in more studies.
Synchronous Electrical Conductance‐ and Electron Tunnelling‐Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Measurements
Authors: Edmondson James F. , Meloni Gabriel N. , Costantini Giovanni , Unwin Patrick R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe requirement to separate topographical effects from surface electrochemistry information is a major limitation of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). With many applications of SECM involving the study of (semi)conducting electrode surfaces, the hybridisation of SECM with scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) or a surface conductance probe would provide the ultimate topographical imaging capability to SECM, but previous attempts are limited. Here, the conversion of a general scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) platform to facilitate contact electrical conductance (C)‐ and electron tunnelling (T)‐SECM measurements is considered. Measurements in air under ambient conditions with a Pt/Ir wire tip are used to assess the performance of the piezoelectric positioning system. A hopping‐mode imaging protocol is implemented, whereby the tip approaches the surface at each pixel until a desired current magnitude is exceeded, and the corresponding z position (surface height) is recorded at a set of predefined xy coordinates in the plane of the surface. At slow tip approach rates, the current shows an exponential dependence on tip‐substrate distance, as expected for electron tunnelling. For measurements in electrochemical environments, in order to overcome well‐known problems with leakage currents at coated‐wire tips used for electrochemical STM, Pt‐sensitised carbon nanoelectrodes are used as tips. The hydrogen evolution reaction on 2D Au nanocrystals serves as an exemplar system for the successful simultaneous mapping of topography and electrochemical activity.