bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice Analysis: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Nurse Specialist
Authors: Becker Deborah , Dechant Laura M. , McNamara Laura J. , Konick-McMahon JoAnne , Noe Cynthia A. , Thomas Kristen , Fabrey Lawrence J. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundStandards for advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) licensure in the United States require certification programs to analyze practice in order to document the knowledge and skills necessary for entry-level adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioners (AGACNPs) and wellness-through-acute-care clinical nurse specialists (AGCNSs). The practice analysis done every 5 years by the AACN Certification Corporation provides research data for use in establishing test plans for certification of APRNs.ObjectivesTo describe the development of a survey to collect information on the current practice of AGACNPs and AGCNSs, and to compare the results from practitioners in the 2 roles.MethodsIn 2016, a task force of subject matter experts created a survey of the practice activities and competencies of AGACNPs and AGCNSs. Respondents rated activities and competencies according to their applicability and significance to APRN practice. The subject matter experts analyzed the ratings to determine which patient care problems, skills and procedures, and competencies would be included in the updated certification test plans.ResultsAfter analyzing the survey responses, subject matter experts retained 135 patient care problems, 45 skills and procedures, and all national competencies for AGACNPs and 123 patient care problems, 56 skills and procedures, and all national competencies for AGCNSs. Both roles involve several of the same patient care problems, skills and procedures, and competencies.ConclusionsData from practice analysis surveys formed the basis for developing reliable and valid certification examinations for entry-level APRNs. The information from such studies of practice should inform practicing nurses and students, as well as educators, accreditors, legislators, and regulators, about the work of AGACNPs and AGCNSs.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Uneven Dissolution of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Solution with Chlorides
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Ning Fei , Dong Haiying , Zhang Kun , Lu Zhanpeng , Tang Yuanjie , Cai Shuangwei , Cui Tongming , Ma Jiarong , Xu Xinhe , Ling Sichun 
Published: March 2020

The effects of magnetic field on anodic dissolution and passivation of iron in a sulfuric acid solution with chlorides are investigated by electrochemical measurements and surface observations. In the anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve, the potential for the drastic current drop is not significantly affected by the potential sweep rate under 0 T, which moves in the negative direction with increasing potential sweep rate under 0.4 T magnetic field that is parallel to the working electrode surface. The uneven surface produced during the potentiodynamic polarization hinders the transition from active dissolution to passivation. The area fraction of the locally accelerated dissolution increases with prolonging polarization time at high potentials where the surface film precipitation-dissolution process is the rate-determining step for metal dissolution. Pretreatment under potentiostatic polarization at 0.4 T magnetic field produces an uneven surface that would result in unrecoverable electrochemical states after switching from 0.4 T to 0 T, depending on the applied potential. The positive-feedback mechanism for the magnetic field effect and the surface morphological effect is proposed. The results demonstrate the direct magnetohydrodynamic effect and its resultant uneven surface on the anodic behavior of iron.
Effect of Ionic liquids on vapor liquid equilibrium of Methanol + Ethyl acetate
Authors: GURUMOORTHY Anand V.p. , KANİDARAPU Nagamalleswararao , ABDULLAH M Aslam , SAURABH Raj , HUSSAİN O V Aadil , JAYAN Mahesh 
Published: March 2020

The objective of this research work is to determine the effect of ionic liquids on the vapor liquid equilibrium behaviour of methanol and ethyl acetate binary system at atmospheric pressure. The ionic liquids used in the experiments are: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bromide [EMPyrr][Br]. VLE experiments were conducted with Othmer still experimental setup and the VLE data sets were tested for thermodynamic consistency. Experimental results average deviations were within the experimental toleration limits and satisfied the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The results showed that the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) caused salting-out of methanol from the system. For the same concentrations of the ionic liquids, [EMIM][Cl] is observed to be more effective than the [EMPyrr][Br] in breaking the azeotropes and in increasing the salting effect. For the 15% concentration of [EMPyrr][Br] the azeotrope was completely disappeared.
Management of Gout in the United States: A Claims‐based Analysis
Authors: Edwards N. Lawrence , Schlesinger Naomi , Clark Sanders , Arndt Theresa , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveGout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in the United States. Although numerous guidelines exist for the management of gout, they are not routinely implemented. This study evaluated the real‐world practice patterns in gout patients using large administrative claims databases.MethodsAn analysis of patients diagnosed with gout from October 2015 to November 2018 was carried out using the Symphony Integrated Dataverse and Truven Marketscan administrative claims databases. Patients were identified as having gout if they were more than18 years of age and had 2 or more primary gout diagnoses on different days, separated by 3 or more months. Patients were further identified as having either acute gout or advanced forms of gout including chronic nontophaceous, tophaceous, and uncontrolled gout. Percent and frequency of serum urate testing, rheumatology specialist visits, prescriptions for urate lowering therapies (ULTs), and emergency room (ER) visits for gout flares were evaluated.ResultsWe identified 1 162 747 gout patients. Gout patients were seen most frequently by internists and family medicine practitioners. Neither urate testing nor prescriptions for ULTs were uniform. Patients with acute gout were infrequently seen by rheumatologists, whereas rheumatologist care progressively increased in patients with advanced gout. The frequency of serum urate testing and prescriptions for ULTs significantly increased, whereas the frequency of ER visits decreased in gout patients seen by a rheumatologist.ConclusionMeasurement of serum urate and prescriptions for ULTs are not consistent in gout patients. Rheumatologist care increases the frequency of urate measurement and ULT prescriptions and may also improve outcomes for gout patients.
Enantioselective Construction of Spirooxindole‐Fused Cyclopenta[c]chromen‐4‐ones Bearing Five Contiguous Stereocenters via a Stepwise (3+2) Cycloaddition
Authors: Vagh Sandip Sambhaji , Karanam Praneeth , Liao Cheng‐Chieh , Lin Ting‐Han , Liou Yan‐Cheng , Edukondalu Athukuri , Chen Yi‐Ru , Lin Wenwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe bifunctional quinine‐catalyzed stepwise (3+2) cycloaddition for the enantioselective construction of spirooxindole‐fused cyclopenta[c]chromen‐4‐ones is developed. The reactions of 3‐homoacylcoumarins and alkylidene oxindole electrophiles generate aforementioned spirooxindole‐chromenone adducts bearing five contiguous stereocenters, of which one is the spiro all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and 99% ee). This methodology was investigated for three different alkylidene oxindole electrophiles and could also be practically demonstrated on a gram scale. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the (3+2) cycloaddition for the enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindole‐fused cyclopenta[c]chromen‐4‐ones is proceeding via a stepwise reaction pathway.magnified image
Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction of Malononitrile with N‐Boc α‐Ketiminoesters Using Chiral Organic Base Catalyst with Halogen Bond Donor Functionality
Authors: Kuwano Satoru , Nishida Yuki , Suzuki Takumi , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChiral organic base catalyst with halogen bond donor functionality catalyzed asymmetric Mannich‐type reaction of malononitrile with α‐ketiminoesters to produce α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid derivatives in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The malononitrile‐derived amino acid was smoothly transformed to chiral aminomalonate without loss of ee.magnified image
Root growth and crop performance of soybean under chemical, physical, and biological changes after subsoiling
Authors: Müller Mariele , Schneider Julia Renata , Klein Vilson Antonio , da Silva Júnior José Pereira , Chavarria Geraldo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemical, physical and biological soil attributes can facilitate soybean root growth in greater volume and depth in the soil, which can minimize yield reduction caused by water deficit. Soil management can contribute positively or negatively to these soil attributes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the root growth and crop performance of soybean, in response to chemical, physical and biological changes after subsoiling at different depths. At the R5 phenological stage, trenches were made for sampling and soil collection for chemical, physical and biological analysis and root growth was carried out. At V5, V7, R2 and R5 stages, plants were collected to evaluate height, leaf area and dry mass. At V5, stage number and dry mass of the nodules were evaluated. Subsoiling increased pH and Ca, and decreased Al in the soil, resulted in higher relative density and did not affect in mechanical penetration resistance compared to non‐subsoiled soil. Basal respiration and soybean nodulation were higher in the subsoiled soil. Up to 15 cm depth, there were 87.91% of the total root dry mass and 78.79% of the total root volume. Initial and final plant growth were the same in subsoiled and non‐subsoiled soil. Number of nodules in the subsoiled soil was 28% higher than in the non‐subsoiled soil. Under these study conditions, subsoiling provides lower root growth but benefits grain yield.
Genetic polymorphisms of the X‐linked transcription factor forkhead box P3 predispose to synchronous secondary primary malignancy (SPM) of esophagus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Lin Meng‐Ying , Chang Wei‐Lun , Yang Hsiao‐Bai , Wang Wen‐Lun , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPatients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are prone to develop second primary malignancy (SPM) at the esophagus synchronously, especially those with increased forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) positive regulatory T (Treg) cell infiltration in tumor tissue. We tested whether FOXP3 genetic polymorphisms can be associated with Treg cell infiltration and synchronous SPM in HNSCC patients. HNSCC patients received screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy during 2008 to 2016 were enrolled consecutively. After excluding and matching cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking status, the final cohort went on investigation. Three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) of the FOXP3 gene (rs2232365, rs3761548, and rs3761549) were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped by RT‐PCR. FOXP3 immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate Treg cell amount in tumor tissues. A total of 270 male HNSCC patients were included, including 135 in the synchronous SPM (SynSPM group) and 135 in the HNSCC alone group. Compared with HNSCC alone group, synchronous SPM group had a HNSCC that was more commonly located at oro/hypopharynx (55.0% vs 39.6%, P = .012) and at earlier TNM stage with borderline significance (38.8% vs 29.0%, P = .124). In addition, carriage of G allele in rs3761549 of the FOXP3 gene significantly increased synchronous SPM risk (crude OR = 2.21, P = .009). After adjustment of HNSCC location and staging, rs3761549 G allele remained significantly associated with synchronous SPM risk (adjusted OR = 2.10, P = .024). Patients with G allele in rs3761549 also had higher FOXP3+ Treg cell infiltration in the tumor tissue than those with A allele (mean FOXP3+ cell number/mm2: 55.93 vs 36.39, P = .008). Male HNSCC patients with G allele in rs3761549 of the FOXP3 gene has a higher risk of synchronous SPM development and merit earlier screening endoscopy.
Trevor's disease of the distal radioulnar joint in two children with achondroplasia
Authors: Kopriva John M. , Miller Kyle J. , Legare Janet M. , Noonan Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo children with achondroplasia who developed an abnormal bony outgrowth at the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), indistinguishable from an osteochondroma on histology, but the radiographic appearance, location, and asymmetry suggested the rare diagnosis of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH or “Trevor's disease”). One child experienced symptomatic relief with surgical excision and one was observed clinically due to lack of significant symptoms. These are the first presented cases of DEH in achondroplasia, both affecting the DRUJ. Due to the infrequency of DEH, more research is needed to better understand the potential connection to achondroplasia. For management, we suggest shared surgical decision making based on symptoms.
A Combination of Biocompatible Room Temperature Ionic Liquid and Palladium Catalyst for Base‐ and Ligand‐Free Suzuki Coupling Reactions
Authors: Joo Seong‐Ryu , Kwon Gyu‐Tae , Kim Seung‐Hoi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA system with mild and versatile reaction conditions for a carbon–carbon bond‐forming reaction using arylboronic acids and aryl halides was developed. A readily available and biodegradable room‐temperature ionic liquid, choline hydroxide (ChOH), was combined with a ligand‐free Pd(OAc)2‐catalyst, providing the corresponding symmetrical and/or unsymmetrical biaryl products in satisfactory yields under aerobic conditions. No external base or ligand was required for completion of the cross‐coupling reactions. More significantly, the reaction medium showed good recyclability, which is an important characteristic from the viewpoint of sustainable chemistry.
Reproductive life histories influence cariogenesis: Exploring sex‐specific variation in dental caries and survivorship in the human past
Authors: Kubehl Kayla , Temple Daniel H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesDifferences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex‐specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores sex‐specific variation in carious lesions using a life history perspective to understand if differences in reproductive ecology influence this process.Materials and methodsSurvival probability between 860 males and females from the Terry Collection was compared using carious lesion manifestation (absent, crown presence, root/cemento‐enamel junction [CEJ] presence) and sex as covariates and age as a time series variable. A four‐way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) comparing carious lesion type by sex, age, and periodontal disease presence was used to evaluate interaction between these variables.ResultsIndividuals with carious lesions have greater survivorship than those without lesions. Males and females with crown lesions do not differ in survivorship from individuals without carious lesions. Females with root/CEJ lesions are characterized by the highest survivorship. A significant interaction was found for root/CEJ carious lesions by age, sex, and periodontal disease presence. Root/CEJ lesion formation in older males was not dependent upon periodontal disease presence, though dependence between these variables characterizes postmenopausal females.ConclusionSex‐specific variation in crown lesions is not associated with reproductive life histories and likely reflects diet. By contrast, root/CEJ lesions form through pathways attributable to reproductive life histories, particularly age‐induced periodontal disease in females. These results suggest the formation of carious lesions is complex, and in some cases, rooted in reproductive life histories.
Principles of co‐axial illumination for photochemical reactions: Part 1. Model development
Authors: Meir Glen , Leblebici Mumin E. , Fransen Senne , Kuhn Simon , Van Gerven Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotochemical reactors with conventional homogeneous illumination suffer from a light efficiency problem, which is inherent to their design: Dark zones arise near the reagent‐rich inlet whereas the reagent depleted outlet is over‐illuminated. Any attempt to mitigate dark zones at the inlet will only increase photon losses further downstream. This study reports the principles and model equations for co‐ and counter‐current illumination in photochemical reactors, along with an optimization study to determine the most efficient and productive operating point. This work proves that the use of co‐ and counter‐current illuminated reactors increases the energy efficiency while easing scalability by implementing larger path lengths, without altering the reactor's geometry. We report a simple model to determine the conversion obtained by such novel illumination techniques and compare it to the current state‐of‐the‐art. Two nondimensional groups where derived that describe all possible reactor configurations, these are the initial absorbance (A) and the quantum photon balance (ρϕ). Variation of both parameters leads for noncompetitive photochemical reactions to an optimal point for the current state‐of‐the‐art as well as the novel co‐axial illumination. Ultimately, we recommend the use of an initial absorbance value (A) of at least 1, and a quantum photon balance (ρϕ) equal to 1 to introduce sufficient light and enable near complete absorption of light.
Enantioselective Redox‐Divergent Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Quinone Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Varlet Thomas , Gelis Coralie , Retailleau Pascal , Bernadat Guillaume , Neuville Luc , Masson Géraldine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective construction of tetrahydronaphthalene‐1,4‐diones as well as dihydronaphthalene‐1,4‐diols by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed quinone Diels–Alder reaction with dienecarbamates is reported. The nature of the protecting group on the diene is key to the success of achieving high enantioselectivity. The divergent “redox” selectivity is controlled by using an adequate amount of quinones. Reversible redox switching without erosion of enantioselectivity was possible from individual redox isomers.
Challenges and Perspectives of DNA Nanostructures in Biomedicine
Authors: Keller Adrian , Linko Veikko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDNA nanotechnology holds substantial promise for future biomedical engineering and the development of novel therapies and diagnostic assays. The subnanometer‐level addressability of DNA nanostructures allows for their precise and tailored modification with numerous chemical and biological entities, which makes them fit to serve as accurate diagnostic tools and multifunctional carriers for targeted drug delivery. The absolute control over shape, size, and function enables the fabrication of tailored and dynamic devices, such as DNA nanorobots that can execute programmed tasks and react to various external stimuli. Even though several studies have demonstrated the successful operation of various biomedical DNA nanostructures both in vitro and in vivo, major obstacles remain on the path to real‐world applications of DNA‐based nanomedicine. Here, we summarize the current status of the field and the main implementations of biomedical DNA nanostructures. In particular, we focus on open challenges and untackled issues and discuss possible solutions.
Hydrogen‐Bond Free Energy of Local Biological Water
Authors: Park Won‐Woo , Lee Kyung Min , Lee Byeong Sung , Kim Young Jae , Joo Se Hun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, we propose an experimental methodology based on femtosecond‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to measure the hydrogen (H)‐bond free energy of water at protein surfaces under isothermal conditions. A demonstration was conducted by installing a non‐canonical isostere of tryptophan (7‐azatryptophan) at the surface of a coiled‐coil protein to exploit the photoinduced proton transfer of its chromophoric moiety, 7‐azaindole. The H‐bond free energy of this biological water was evaluated by comparing the rates of proton transfer, sensitive to the hydration environment, at the protein surface and in bulk water, and it was found to be higher than that of bulk water by 0.4 kcal mol−1. The free‐energy difference is dominated by the entropic cost in the H‐bond network among water molecules at the hydrophilic and charged protein surface. Our study opens a door to accessing the energetics and dynamics of local biological water to give insight into its roles in protein structure and function.
Chitin deacetylase: A potential target for Mythimna separata (Walker) control
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Jing , Yao Lei , Li Shuangyu , Chen Yaru , Yang Hongjia , Fan Dong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChitin deacetylase (CDA) is a hydrolytic enzyme that modifies chitin into chitosan in the body of insects. In this study, we obtained a full‐length complementary DNA sequence (MsCDA1) from the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata by high‐throughput sequencing. MsCDA1 is 1,952 bp long and includes 1,620 bp open reading frame encoding 539 amino acids. Analysis by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction showed that MsCDA1 expression was higher at the adult stage than at earlier developmental stages. MsCDA1 was expressed in all larval tissues examined, in which the highest expression level was found in the midgut. The RNA interference (RNAi) suppressed MsCDA1 expression levels at 12, 24, and 48 hr after injection of double‐stranded RNA (1–4 μg per larva) specific to MsCDA1. Under RNAi condition, CDA enzyme activity was significantly reduced and changes an ultramicroscopic structure of M. separata peritrophic matrix especially in its microfibrillar organization exhibiting loose network. In contrast, the surface of the peritrophic matrix was relatively smooth and well organized at control or low RNAi conditions. Moreover, RNAi of MsCDA1 expression impaired larval growth and development, occasionally leading to larval death. These results demonstrate that MsCDA1 plays a crucial role in maintaining peritrophic matrix integrity in M. separata.
Luminescence characterization of KBaPO4:RE (RE = Sm3+,Eu3+,Dy3+) phosphors
Authors: Ramteke S.K. , Yerpude A.N. , Dhoble S.J. , Kokode N.S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKBaPO4 luminescent powdered phosphors doped with rare earth elements (RE = Sm3+,Eu3+,Dy3+) were successfully synthesized using a wet chemical method to identify the most suitable phosphor for solid‐state lighting based on the measurement of their emission spectra at excitation wavelengths. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the as‐prepared KBaPO4 was well matched with its standard JCPDS file no. 330996, indicating the formation of the desired compound. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed irregular morphology, the material crystallized particles aggregated and were non‐uniform with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 μm. Photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra clearly indicated that the phosphor containing the Sm3+‐activated KBaPO4 phosphors could be efficiently excited at 403 nm and exhibited an emission mainly including two wavelength peaks at 559 nm and 597 nm. The phosphor containing the Eu3+‐activated KBaPO4 phosphors could be efficiently excited at 396 nm and exhibited a bright red emission mainly including two wavelength peaks at 594 nm and 617 nm. The phosphor containing the Dy3+‐activated KBaPO4 phosphors could be efficiently excited at 349 nm and exhibited wavelength peaks at 474 nm and 570 nm.