bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Detection of Graphene Defects with Atomic Precision
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Gu Grace X. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDefects in graphene can profoundly impact its extraordinary properties, ultimately influencing the performances of graphene-based nanodevices. Methods to detect defects with atomic resolution in graphene can be technically demanding and involve complex sample preparations. An alternative approach is to observe the thermal vibration properties of the graphene sheet, which reflects defect information but in an implicit fashion. Machine learning, an emerging data-driven approach that offers solutions to learning hidden patterns from complex data, has been extensively applied in material design and discovery problems. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach to detect graphene defects by discovering the hidden correlation between defect locations and thermal vibration features. Two prediction strategies are developed: an atom-based method which constructs data by atom indices, and a domain-based method which constructs data by domain discretization. Results show that while the atom-based method is capable of detecting a single-atom vacancy, the domain-based method can detect an unknown number of multiple vacancies up to atomic precision. Both methods can achieve approximately a 90% prediction accuracy on the reserved data for testing, indicating a promising extrapolation into unseen future graphene configurations. The proposed strategy offers promising solutions for the non-destructive evaluation of nanomaterials and accelerates new material discoveries.
Lying to friends: Examining lie‐telling, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms over time during late childhood and adolescence
Authors: Dykstra Victoria W. , Willoughby Teena , Evans Angela D. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionLie‐telling appears to peak during adolescence; however, previous research has not yet examined lie‐telling frequency in adolescents' friendships. Increased lie‐telling may be problematic given that honesty is crucial for trust within positive relationships, and more positive relationships lead to more positive well‐being. The present study examined adolescents’ lies to friends and longitudinal associations between lying, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms.MethodsCanadian adolescents (Time 1: N = 1313, Mage = 11.65, SD = 11.75, 50% male) reported how often they lied to their friends about their mental health/mood, possessions, romantic relationships, school, and to avoid spending time with them. Participants also completed measures of friendship quality and depressive symptoms. Participants completed these measures at two time points one year apart.ResultsPoorer friendship quality predicted more frequent lie‐telling over time. Greater depressive symptoms predicted more frequent lie‐telling over time, and more frequent lie‐telling predicted greater depressive symptoms over time. Lies about mental health in particular were bidirectionally associated with both friendship quality and depressive symptoms over time.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the developmental importance of lie‐telling during adolescence. More negative friendships lead to greater lie‐telling over time. Additionally, increased lie‐telling predicted and is predicted by depressive symptoms, suggesting that lie‐telling may be an important indicator of poor mental health.
A METRIC VERSION OF SCHLICHTING’S THEOREM
Authors: YAACOV ITAÏ BEN , WAGNER FRANK O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIf ${\mathfrak {F}}$ is a type-definable family of commensurable subsets, subgroups or subvector spaces in a metric structure, then there is an invariant subset, subgroup or subvector space commensurable with ${\mathfrak {F}}$. This in particular applies to type-definable or hyper-definable objects in a classical first-order structure.
A NOTE ON DERIVABILITY CONDITIONS
Authors: KURAHASHI TAISHI 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate relationships between versions of derivability conditions for provability predicates. We show several implications and non-implications between the conditions, and we discuss unprovability of consistency statements induced by derivability conditions. First, we classify already known versions of the second incompleteness theorem, and exhibit some new sets of conditions which are sufficient for unprovability of Hilbert–Bernays’ consistency statement. Secondly, we improve Buchholz’s schematic proof of provable$\Sigma_1$-completeness. Then among other things, we show that Hilbert–Bernays’ conditions and Löb’s conditions are mutually incomparable. We also show that neither Hilbert–Bernays’ conditions nor Löb’s conditions accomplish Gödel’s original statement of the second incompleteness theorem.
Ceramics in transition: ceramics from the first Islamic period in the western Mediterranean – the example of al-Andalus
Authors: Amorós Ruiz Victoria , Gutiérrez Lloret Sonia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper updates the present knowledge of ceramic productions in the Western Mediterranean in the early Middle Ages through the example of al-Andalus. The study of pottery production is a key element for recognizing the process of Islamization, the formation of al-Andalus, and the important social and economic changes that took placed in the Mediterranean between the seventh and ninth centuries. From a historical point of view, the early Middle Ages is a transcendental moment of change: patterns and socioeconomic models of the ancient world began to fade, and the evolution towards the development of feudal societies and, in parallel, the emergence of Islamic culture started. In the Iberian Peninsula, the arrival of the Arab-Berber army in AD 711 and its rapid conquest over a few years generated a process of social change know today as Islamization, which encompasses two centuries (eighth and ninth), and culminates in the tenth century with the standardization of a culture that is recognized from that moment on as Islamic culture. In this paper, the central elements of ceramic production in early al-Andalus are analysed, including the coexistence of diverse manufacturing techniques, the gradual disappearance of standardized productions, regionalization of production centres, and the incorporation of new forms and techniques such as glaze.
Predictors of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents
Authors: Williams Ryan A. , Dring Karah J. , Cooper Simon B. , Morris John G. , Sunderland Caroline , Nevill Mary E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of insulin resistance in adolescents is increasing, but it is unknown how adolescent participant characteristics such as BMI, waist circumference, fitness and maturity offset may explain responses to a standard meal. The aim of the present study was to examine how such participant characteristics affect the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to an ecologically valid mixed meal. Data from the control trials of three separate randomised, crossover experiments were pooled, resulting in a total of 108 participants (fifty-two boys, fifty-six girls; aged 12·5 (SD 0·6) years; BMI 19·05 (SD 2·66) kg/m2). A fasting blood sample was taken for the calculation of fasting insulin resistance, using the homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Further capillary blood samples were taken before and 30, 60 and 120 min after a standardised lunch, providing 1·5 g/kg body mass of carbohydrate, for the quantification of blood glucose and plasma insulin total AUC (tAUC). Hierarchical multiple linear regression demonstrated significant predictors for plasma insulin tAUC were waist circumference, physical fitness and HOMA-IR (F(3,98) = 36·78, P < 0·001, adjusted R2 = 0·515). The variance in blood glucose tAUC was not significantly explained by the predictors used (F(7,94) = 1·44, P = 0·198). Significant predictors for HOMA-IR were BMI and maturity offset (F(2,102) = 14·06, P < 0·001, adjusted R2 = 0·021). In summary, the key findings of the study are that waist circumference, followed by physical fitness, best explained the insulinaemic response to an ecologically valid standardised meal in adolescents. This has important behavioural consequences because these variables can be modified.
Chinese Aid and Local Ethnic Identification
Authors: Isaksson Ann-Sofie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent empirical evidence suggests that Chinese development finance may be particularly prone to elite capture and patronage spending. If aid ends up in the pockets of political elites and their ethno-regional networks, this may exacerbate ethnic grievances and contribute to ethnic mobilization. In this research note I examine whether Chinese development projects make local ethnic identities more salient in African partner countries. A new geo-referenced data set on the subnational allocation of Chinese development finance projects to Africa is geographically matched with survey data for 50,520 respondents from eleven African countries. The identification strategy compares sites where a Chinese project was under implementation at the time of the interview to sites where a Chinese project will appear subsequently. The empirical results suggest that living near an ongoing Chinese project makes ethnic identities more salient. There is no indication of an equivalent pattern when considering other donors’ development projects.
The Collapse of State Power, the Cluniac Reform Movement, and the Origins of Urban Self-Government in Medieval Europe
Authors: Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær , Møller Jørgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral generations of scholarship have identified the medieval development of urban self-government as crucial for European patterns of state formation. However, extant theories, emphasizing structural factors such as initial endowments and warfare, do little to explain the initial emergence of institutions of urban self-government before CE 1200 or why similar institutions did not emerge outside of Europe. We argue that a large-scale collapse of public authority in the ninth and tenth centuries allowed a bottom-up reform movement in West Francia (the Cluniac movement), directed by clergy but with popular backing, to push for ecclesiastical autonomy and asceticism in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. These social realignments, facilitated by new norms about ecclesiastical office holding, stimulated the urban associationalism that led to the initial emergence of autonomous town councils. Using a panel data set of 643 towns in the period between 800 and 1800, we show that medieval towns were substantially more likely to establish autonomous town councils in the period between 1000 and 1200 if they were situated in the vicinity of Cluniac monasteries. These findings are corroborated by regressions that use distance from Cluny—the movement's place of origin—to instrument for proximity to Cluniac monasteries.
Identification ofPseudomonas jesseniiandPseudomonas gessardiias the most proteolyticPseudomonasisolates in Iranian raw milk and their impact on stability of sterilized milk during storage
Authors: Zarei Mehdi , Mohammadpour Hooriyeh , Gharibi Darioush , Pourmahdi Borujeni Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdentification of the most proteolyticPseudomonasstrains that can produce heat-resistant proteases and contribute to the Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk destabilization is of great interest. In the present study, among the 146Pseudomonasisolates that encoded theaprX gene, five isolates with the highest proteolytic activity were selected and identified based on 16S rRNA,rpoDandgyrBgene sequences data. The identification results were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on multilocus sequence analysis and identified the representative isolates asP. jessenii(two isolates) andP. gessardii(three isolates). Casein zymography demonstrated the ability of these species to produce heat-resistant enzymes, AprX, with molecular mass of about 48 kDa during storage at 7° C for 72 h. In sterilized milk samples, the residual activity of AprX caused a considerable enhancement in the degree of protein hydrolysis, non-protein nitrogen and non-casein nitrogen contents of the samples during a two-month storage. This enhancement was slightly higher in samples containing enzyme produced byP. jesseniicompared toP. gessardiiones, resulting in earlier onset of sterilized milk destabilization. Hence, this study revealed thatP. jesseniiandP. gessardiican play a considerable role in deterioration of Iranian commercial long-life milk.
The Heredity of Senatorial Status in the Principate
Authors: Weisweiler John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince Mommsen, it has been a tenet of Roman history that Augustus transformed the ‘senatorial order’ into a hereditary class, which encompassed senators, their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren in the male line. This paper shows that the idea of a hereditaryordo senatoriusis a myth without foundation in the evidence. Augustus and his successors conferred new rights and duties upon relatives of senators, but did not change their formal rank. Moreover, the new regulations applied not to three generations of descendants, but only to persons who stood under a senator'spatria potestasduring his lifetime. Emperors protected the honour and property of thesefilii familiasof senators, in order to incentivise them to participate in politics and invest their wealth into munificence. The Supplementary Material available online gives all known early imperial holders of the titleclarissimus virin the province of Africa (Supplementary Appendix 1), all known early imperialclarissimi iuuenes(Supplementary Appendix 2) and all known early imperialclarissimi pueri(Supplementary Appendix 3).
Promoting grazing or rewilding initiatives against rural exodus? The return of the wolf and other large carnivores must be considered
Authors: Recio Mariano R , Sand Håkan , Virgós Emilio 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe human abandonment of rural areas facilitates rewilding, which is also supported by European projects and initiatives. Rewilding often implies the return of iconic predators such as the wolf (Canis lupus), leading to human–wildlife conflicts. To reverse human depopulation, initiatives such as the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidize extensive grazing of areas unsuitable for intensive agriculture. Therefore, rewilding and reversing depopulation initiatives seem to be mutually incompatible, and further insight into controversial aspects of the return of apex predators is needed when considering the reform of the CAP for post-2020. To develop understanding of these different objectives in the context of large carnivore recolonizations, we analysed wolf attacks on livestock in central Spain, where livestock is managed differently between the plateau and the mountains. As with other European regions, this area is undergoing rural abandonment and is subsidized by the CAP. Free-roaming cattle at higher elevations were subject to increased attacks irrespective of the abundance of wild prey. Efforts to subsidize human repopulation of areas experiencing recolonization by large carnivores require consideration of a model of cohabitation with these predators assisted by mitigation and compensation measures. Rewilding could bring alternative sustainable income based on the values brought by the presence of large carnivores and associated ecosystem services.
Let’s Work Together: Assessing the Impact of Intergenerational Dynamics on Young Workers’ Ageism Awareness and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Firzly Najat , Van de Beeck Lise , Lagacé Martine 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTPrevious studies suggest that intergroup contact has a positive effect on older workers’ perception of ageism and satisfaction. This study aims at assessing such relationships amongst Canadian younger workers. Precisely, in light of the intergroup contact theory (ICT), it was first hypothesized that a positive perception of intergenerational workplace climate (IWC) and knowledge sharing practices (KSP) increase younger workers’ awareness of ageist behaviors targeting older peers. Second, it was hypothesized that such awareness has a positive effect on young workers’ level of satisfaction. Relying on a cross-sectional design composed of 612 participants, path analysis was conducted. Findings suggest that whereas KSP increases younger workers’ awareness of ageist behaviors towards older workers, this is not the case for IWC. On the other hand, both IWC and KSP have a direct and positive impact on younger workers’ level of satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed.
Memory During the Presumed Vegetative State: Implications for Patient Quality of Life
Authors: TAYLOR NICOLA , GRAHAM MACKENZIE , DELARGY MARK , NACI LORINA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA growing number of studies show that a significant proportion of patients, who meet the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of the vegetative state (VS), demonstrate evidence of covert awareness through successful performance of neuroimaging tasks. Despite these important advances, the day-to-day life experiences of any such patient remain unknown. This presents a major challenge for optimizing the patient’s standard of care and quality of life (QoL). We describe a patient who, following emergence from a state of complete behavioral unresponsiveness and a clinical diagnosis of VS, reported rich memories of his experience during this time. This case demonstrates the potential for a sophisticated mental life enabled by preserved memory in a proportion of patients who, similarly, are thought to be unconscious. Therefore, it presents an important opportunity to examine the implications for patient QoL and standard of care, both during the period of presumed unconsciousness and after recovery.
On the Nontechnical Limits of Brain Imaging
Authors: RÄIKKÄ JUHA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the advent of neuroimaging technologies, their limits and possibilities have captivated scientists and philosophers. Thus far, the debate has largely concerned technical limits of our capacity to “read minds.” This paper extends the discussion concerning the limitations of neuroimaging to issues that are not dependent on technical issues or on our understanding of the complexity of brain activities. The author argues that there is a serious chance that brain scanning cannot replace usual intentional assertions, and that neuroimaging has principled limits. The information that people usually receive by neuroimaging is different in kind from the information they hear from what others tell them. To assert something is to act in a certain way, and scanners do not usually scan actions, but brain activities and the neural correlates of actions. Although it is possible to scan “mental assertions,” our usual assertions are not accompanied by separate “mental assertions.”
The incidence of hypothyroidism in patients of head and neck carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and added risk of hypothyroidism with the addition of chemotherapy
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Roy Niladri , Pal Suparna Kanti , Basu Siddhartha , Meyur Suman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the most common malignancy in the Indian males. Most of the cases of HNC present in locally advanced stage and requires a multidisciplinary management approach. Radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of the important integral components of the management of HNC.Aim:To find the incidence of hypothyroidism (HT) in patients of HNC treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy.Methods:A prospective, single institutional longitudinal observational study conducted at the department of radiotherapy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata.Results:In this study, data of 118 patients were analysed. The median age at presentation was 56 years. The most common primary site of malignancy was oral cavity (39%). The patients were stage I, stage II and stage III as 11, 37·3 and 51·7% respectively. The median dose of EBRT was 66 Gy. HT statistically significantly correlated with primary site of malignancy (p = 0·001), dose of EBRT (p = 0·005). At the end of follow-up of 6 months, 39·8% developed HT.Conclusion:The thyroid gland is an important organ at risk while considering EBRT to neck region. The inclusion of thyroid function test in routine follow-up is mandated.
From Operation Iraqi Freedom to the Battle of Mosul: Fifteen years of displacement in Iraq
Authors: Cotter Cédric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe displacement of civilians during a protracted war is a difficult issue that deserves our attention, and Iraq is unfortunately an emblematic example of this phenomenon. Based on the literature produced by humanitarian organizations and academia, this article aims at analyzing what triggers displacement in protracted conflict, highlighting the role of international humanitarian law (IHL) violations. It discusses how Iraq has been struggling with acts of violence, hostilities and IHL violations that have generated displacement and human suffering.
Hiding in Plain Sight: The Mattachine Society’s Use of Loose Coupling as a Strategy for Covert Political Action
Authors: Jacobs Molly S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovert political organizing is a vital means by which subordinate groups express grievances against authorities or elites. This article develops an understanding of the process of covert organizing to show how the selection of an organizational structure is a strategic decision. Using original, archival data from the Mattachine Society, a homosexual organization founded in 1950, and the affiliated Mattachine Foundation, I show how the structure of the organizations enabled leaders to segment their audiences and adapt to challenges from outside and inside the group. In particular, I use the concept of a loosely coupled system, emphasizing relations between organizations, to show how organizations can work with varying degrees of discretion. Moreover, building off analytically similar cases in the literature, I demonstrate that a loosely coupled system enables both organizational flexibility and covert political action.
CLAH Lecture: Harrods Buenos Aires. The Case of the Unwanted Dresses, 1912–1940
Authors: Guy Donna J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn 1912, a small department store called Harrods opened in Buenos Aires, one that by the 1920s expanded to almost a city block. Although named after the founder of the London store, the manager of Harrods London, Richard Burbidge, his son Woodman, and a few board members planned the purchase of land and opened the business, and then presented it to the entire London board. Unfamiliar with Buenos Aires, believing that women consumed more than men, and presuming that upper-class women there had the same consumer desires of those in England, the store opened catering to the upper-class female population and focused on readymade dresses. And, to the great surprise of the local manager, women of all classes did not want these dresses because they preferred to purchase cloth and take it to their dressmakers.The dilemma facing Harrods Buenos Aires, detailed in company reports in the archive of Harrods London and in scans of Buenos Aires Harrods archives in the possession of British bookseller Jennifer Wilton-Williams, show that sales reports, rather than studies of the Argentine market like those published by the US Department of Commerce, shaped the new department store's response. Until the 1940s, Harrods Buenos Aires focused on the sale of less expensive articles that came from its dining room, its cosmetics department, and infants’ and children's clothing. Furthermore, employees purchased more than 40 percent of the clothing. Originally imagined as the flagship of the upper-class female shopper, it ended up as a store for the middle class, especially women who bought gifts and enjoyed being seen in the dining room. It closed in 1998.