bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life high-fat diet exposure evokes normal weight obesity
Authors: Maejima Yuko , Yokota Shoko , Horita Shoichiro , Shimomura Kenju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity is becoming one of the most severe global health problems. However, risk of developing normal weight obesity, where an individual has a high percentage of body fat despite a normal body mass index, is gaining attention since such individuals also develop systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.In this study, juvenile (3-week-old) and adult (8-week-old) rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks and compared them with normal chow diet (NCD) fed rats. The HFD fed adult group showed increase in energy intake, body weight (BW), total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat compared with an age-matched NCD group. In addition, the percentage of muscle mass to BW in the adult HFD group was significantly lower compared with the NCD group. When HFD feeding was started from the juvenile stage, there were almost no differences in energy intake and BW between the HFD and NCD groups. However, the juvenile HFD group showed a 1.7-fold increase in total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat compared with their age-matched NCD group. The percentage of muscle mass to BW was significantly lower in the juvenile HFD group compared with the NCD group. In addition, increased plasma insulin levels and decreased insulin sensitivity was observed only in juvenile HFD group, but not in adult HFD group. These results suggest that HFD feeding in growth period induces insulin resistance and normal weight obesity.Here we show a method for generating a normal weight obesity model, as well as raising the alarm for developing normal weight obesity when children are exposed to high-fat meals.
Globalisation in the time of COVID-19: repositioning Africa to meet the immediate and remote challenges
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Otu Akaninyene , Labonté Ronald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new climate of uncertainty which is fuelling protectionism and playing into nationalist narratives. Globalisation is under significant threat as governments scramble to reduce their vulnerability to the virus by limiting global trade and flows of people. With the imposition of border closures and strict migration measures, there have been major disruptions in Africa’s global supply chains with adverse impacts on employment and poverty. The African economies overly reliant on single export-orientated industries, such as oil and gas, are expected to be severely hit. This situation is further aggravated by tumbling oil prices and a lowered global demand for African non-oil products. The agricultural sector, which should buffer these shocks, is also being affected by the enforcement of lockdowns which threaten people’s livelihoods and food security. Lockdowns may not be the answer in Africa and the issue of public health pandemic response will need to be addressed by enacting context-specific policies which should be implemented in a humane way. In addressing the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on African nations, we argue that governments should prioritize social protection programmes to provide people with resources to maintain economic productivity while limiting job losses. International funders are committing assistance to Africa for this purpose, but generally as loans (adding to debt burdens) rather than as grants. G20 agreement so suspend debt payments for a year will help, but is insufficient to fiscal need. Maintaining cross-border trade and cooperation to continue generating public revenues is desirable. New strategies for diversifying African economies and limiting their dependence on external funding by promoting trade with a more regionalised (continental) focus as promoted by the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, while not without limitations, should be explored. While it is premature to judge the final economic and death toll of COVID-19, African leaders’ response to the pandemic, and the support they receive from wealthier nations, will determine its eventual outcomes.
The enclosed ward management strategies in psychiatric hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Xiong Maoxiang , He Zongling , Shi Wen , Yue Yuchuan , He Manxi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, as a large city located in Southwest China, Chengdu was mainly affected by imported cases. For a psychiatric hospital, the enclosed management model, the crowded wards and the uncooperative patients are the risk factors of nosocomial infection. Admitting new patients while preventing the COVID-19 outbreak within the institutions was a crucial challenge. The Mental Health Centre of Chengdu proposed a series of effective management strategies to deal with the rapidly evolving situation during the COVID-19 pandemic which included regulation for the inpatients, their families and staff, and achieved Zero infection in our hospital.
The use of fish and herptiles in traditional folk therapies in three districts of Chenab riverine area in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Altaf Muhammad , Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Umair Muhammad , Amjad Muhammad Shoaib , Irshad Kinza , Khan Abdul Majid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Like botanical taxa, various species of animals are also used in traditional and modern health care systems. Present study was intended with the aim to document the traditional uses of herptile and fish species among the local communities in the vicinity of the River Chenab, Punjab Pakistan.

Method
Data collected by semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were subsequently analyzed using relative frequency of citation (FC), fidelity level (FL), relative popularity level (RPL), similarity index (SI), and rank order priority (ROP) indices.

Results
Out of total 81 reported species, ethnomedicinal uses of eight herptiles viz. Aspideretes gangeticus, A. hurum, Eublepharis macularius, Varanus bengalensis, Python molurus, Eryx johnii, Ptyas mucosus mucosus, Daboia russelii russelii and five fish species including Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo dero, Mastacembelus armatus, and Pethia ticto were reported for the first time from this region. Fat, flesh, brain, and skin were among the commonly utilized body parts to treat allergy, cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory disorders, sexual impotency, skin infections, and as antidote and anti-diabetic agents. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Duttaphrynus stomaticus, and Ptyas mucosus mucosus (herptiles), as well as Labeo rohita, Wallago attu, and Cirrhinus reba (fish) were top ranked with maximum informant reports, frequency of citations, and rank order priority. Uromastyx hardwickii, Ctenopharyngodon idella, H. molitrix, Cirrhinus mrigala, C. reba, L. rohita, L. calbasu, L. dero, and Pethia ticto were the species with 100% fidelity level. Furthermore, medicinal uses of Aspideretes gangeticus, Aspideretes hurum, Calotes versicolor, Daboia russelii russelii, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo dero, Mastacembelus armatus, Pethia ticto, and Gagata cenia were reported for the first time.

Conclusion
About half of the reported species depicted zero similarity index with previously reported literature, which indicates strong associations of local inhabitants with animal species, particularly for therapeutic purpose. Inclusive studies on composition and bioactivities of the species with maximum use reports may contribute significantly in animal-based novel drugs discovery.
Mental health problems among young people in substance abuse treatment in Sweden
Authors: Richert Torkel , Anderberg Mats , Dahlberg Mikael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Young people with substance use problems face a high risk of co-occurring mental health problems, something that may involve a more difficult life situation, social problems as well as worse treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyse self-reported mental health problems among young people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use problems in Sweden. We explore what types of mental health problems are more or less predominant, and whether there are significant differences between boys and girls. In addition, we analyse how various mental health problems covary with indicators of substance abuse severity.

Methods
The study is based on structured interviews with 1970 young people enrolled at outpatient clinics in 11 Swedish cities. The data was analysed through frequency- and averages-calculations, Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
Self-reported mental health problems were common among the young people in the study. A relatively large percentage of the total group (34–54%) reported problems such as concentration difficulties, sleeping difficulties, anxiety and depression. At the same time, many of the young people did not report any symptoms and only a small group, about 20%, reported diagnosed mental health disorders. The results show substantial gender differences, with girls reporting significantly higher levels of mental health problems.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between severity of drug use problems and anxiety, concentration difficulties, aggression, hallucinations and mental stress caused by experiences of trauma.

Conclusions
Treatment needs are diverse within this group of young people who use drugs. Since girls report higher levels of all mental health problems, and a larger burden of psychosocial risk factors than boys, they are likely to require more comprehensive treatment interventions. The link between more severe drug problems and mental health problems points to the importance of exploring this relationship in treatment. A multidisciplinary approach, in which co-occurring problems can be addressed simultaneously, may be the best treatment form for many young people with drug problems.
Prevention of health care associated venous thromboembolism through implementing VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abboud Juliana , Abdel Rahman Abir , Kahale Lara , Dempster Martin , Adair Pauline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Numerous VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines are available but not consistently implemented. This systematic review explored effectiveness of implementing VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines on VTE risk assessment and appropriateness of prophylaxis in hospitalized adult medical patients and identified the interventions followed to improve the adherence to these guidelines.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, clinical controlled trials, or pre/post evaluation studies up to January 2019. Studies identified were screened for eligibility by two reviewers independently. Data were extracted by two reviewers using a standardized form. Risk of bias was assessed using MINORS and the certainty of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach.ResultsOf the 3537 records identified, 36 were eligible; eight studies were included for qualitative synthesis and four for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the studies assessing the impact of implementing VTE clinical practice guidelines favored appropriate prophylaxis (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.97, 552 patients). Potential risk of bias was assessed to be low for 28% of the studies. However, using GRADE, the certainty of the evidence of all outcomes was rated very low quality.ConclusionsThe lack of randomized controlled trials in this area reduces the quality of the evidence available. The evidence from before-after studies suggests that the implementation of VTE clinical practice guidelines may increase the practice of VTE risk assessment and appropriate prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients.Trial registrationPROSPEROCRD42018085506
Longitudinal Auxological recovery in a cohort of children with Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia
Authors: Worth Chris , Hashmi Laila Al , Yau Daphne , Salomon-Estebanez Maria , Ruiz Diego Perez , Hall Caroline , O’Shea Elaine , Stokes Helen , Foster Peter , Flanagan Sarah E. , Cosgrove Karen E , Dunne Mark J , Banerjee Indraneel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypoglycaemia due to hyperinsulinism (HI) is the commonest cause of severe, recurrent hypoglycaemia in childhood. Cohort outcomes of HI remain to be described and whilst previous follow up studies have focused on neurodevelopmental outcomes, there is no information available on feeding and auxology.

Aim
We aimed to describe HI outcomes for auxology, medications, feeding and neurodevelopmental in a cohort up to age 5 years.

Method
We reviewed medical records for all patients with confirmed HI over a three-year period in a single centre to derive a longitudinal dataset.

Results
Seventy patients were recruited to the study. Mean weight at birth was − 1.0 standard deviation scores (SDS) for age and sex, while mean height at 3 months was − 1.5 SDS. Both weight and height trended to the population median over the follow up period. Feeding difficulties were noted in 17% of patients at 3 months and this reduced to 3% by 5 years. At age 5 years, 11 patients (15%) had neurodevelopmental delay and of these only one was severe. Resolution of disease was predicted by lower maximum early diazoxide dose (p = 0.007) and being born SGA (p = 0.009).

Conclusion
In a three-year cohort of HI patients followed up for 5 years, in spite of feeding difficulties and carbohydrate loading in early life, auxology parameters are normal in follow up. A lower than expected rate of neurodevelopmental delay could be attributed to prompt early treatment.
Prevalence and association of Epstein-Barr virus infection with sinonasal inverted papilloma and sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma in the northeastern Thai population
Authors: Nukpook Thawaree , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Teeramatwanich Watchareporn , Patarapadungkit Natcha , Chaiwiriyakul Surachat , Vatanasapt Patravoot , Aromseree Sirinart , Pientong Chamsai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims
Sinonasal inverted papillomas (SIP) and sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC) are sinonasal tumors with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in these tumors but information concerning their association is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence in, and association of EBV infection with SIP and SNSCC in northeastern Thailand.

Methods
DNA was extracted from 226 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues including 80 nasal polyps (NP; the control group), 64 SIP and 82 SNSCC samples. Presence of EBV in these tissues was investigated using real-time PCR and their localization within tissues was confirmed using in situ hybridization (ISH). Characteristics of patients and the association of EBV prevalence with sinonasal tumors were analyzed.

Results
SIP and SNSCC were frequently found in people aged > 50 years and more often in males than in females (3:1 ratio). EBV infection was detected in 33.75, 64.06 and 37.80% of NP, SIP and SNSCC tissues, respectively, by real-time PCR. There was a statistically significant association between EBV infection and SIP (odds ratio [OR] = 3.52). This was not the case for SNSCC when compared to the NP group (OR = 1.83). Interestingly, EBV infection tended to be associated with inflammation and dysplasia in SIP. In SNSCC, EBV was mostly found in samples with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cell types as well as in recurrent cases and lymph-node metastasis. Using ISH, EBV was detected only in infiltrating lymphocytes within the tumor stroma, not in the tumor epithelial cells.

Conclusions
Infiltrating lymphocytes containing EBV in the tumor microenvironment might enhance tumorigenesis of SIP and SNSCC. The mechanism by which EBV promotes development of SIP and SNSCC needs to be elucidated in the future.
A descriptive study of acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norwegian fattening pig herds
Authors: Cohen Liza Miriam , Grøntvedt Carl Andreas , Klem Thea B. , Gulliksen Stine Margrethe , Ranheim Birgit , Nielsen Jens Peter , Valheim Mette , Kielland Camilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory diseases are major health concerns in the pig production sector worldwide, contributing adversely to morbidity and mortality. Over the past years there was a rise in reported incidents of respiratory disease in pigs in Norway, despite population wide freedom from Aujeszky´s disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine respiratory corona virus and enzootic pneumonia. The main objective of this study was to investigate acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in conventional Norwegian fattening pig herds. The study included 14 herds. In seven herds with reported outbreaks of acute respiratory disease, data on clinical signs was recorded and samples for laboratory examination were collected. Diagnostic protocols were compared by parallel analysis of clinically healthy pigs from seven non-outbreak herds.ResultsThe most commonly reported clinical signs were sudden deaths and dyspnea. An average compartment morbidity of 60%, mortality of 4% and case fatality of 9% was recorded in the outbreak herds. Post-mortem examinations revealed acute lesions resembling porcine pleuropneumonia in all 28 pigs investigated from the outbreak herds and in 2 of the 24 (8%) pigs from the non-outbreak herds. Chronic lesions were recorded in another 2 pigs (8%) from the non-outbreak herds.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserovar 8 was isolated from lungs and/or pleura from all tested pigs (n = 28) in the outbreak herds, and from 2 out of 24 pigs (8%) in the non-outbreak herds, one pig with an acute and another pig with a chronic infection. No other significant bacterial findings were made. Seroconversion toA. pleuropneumoniaeantibodies was detectable in all outbreak herds analyzed and in six out of seven non-outbreak herds, but the risk ratio for seroconversion of individual pigs was higher (risk ratio 2.3 [1.50- 3.43 95% CI; P < 0.001]) in the outbreak herds. All herds tested positive for porcine circovirus type 2 and negative for influenza A viruses on oral fluid RT-qPCR.ConclusionThe main etiological pathogen found during acute outbreaks of respiratory disease wasA. pleuropneumoniaeserovar 8. All pigs from outbreak herds had typical lesions of acute porcine pleuropneumonia, and onlyA. pleuropneumoniaeserovar 8 was identified. Co-infections were not found to impact disease development.
Streptococcus suis in Swedish grower pigs: occurrence, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Werinder Anna , Aspán Anna , Backhans Annette , Sjölund Marie , Guss Bengt , Jacobson Magdalena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus suisis a major cause of meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia in pigs worldwide, and an emerging pathogen in humans. In Sweden,S. suishas previously received little attention but has in recent years become increasingly recognized as affecting the pig production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility ofS. suisin Swedish grower pigs from herds with and without reportedS. suisassociated disease, as well as possible associations betweenS. suisassociated disease and selected environmental and production factors. Swab samples were taken from the tonsils of clinically healthy 8–13-week-old grower pigs from ten case herds and ten control herds. Isolates were cultured, identified using MALDI–TOF MS, and serotyped using latex agglutination. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 188 isolates was tested using broth microdilution. Production data was gathered and environmental parameters were measured on the farms.ResultsStreptococcus suiswas isolated from 95% of the sampled pigs in both the case and the control herds. Serotypes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, and 17–34 were detected, although a majority of the isolates (81.5%) were non-typeable. There was less diversity among the serotypes isolated from the case herds than among those from the control herds; four and nine different serotypes, respectively. Isolates resistant to penicillin (3.8%) were reported for the first time in Sweden. Tetracycline resistance was common (88.4%). No association was noted between the production and the environmental factors investigated, and the carriership ofS. suis.ConclusionsThe carriership ofS. suiswas found to be higher in clinically healthy Swedish pigs than previously estimated, and for the first time, the presence of Swedish isolates resistant to penicillin was reported. Many of the most commonly disease-associated serotypes, e.g. serotypes 2, 9, 3, and 7, were detected in healthy grower pigs although further studies are needed to investigate the virulence of these isolates.
A multi-biomarker disease activity score can predict sustained remission in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ma M. H. Y. , Defranoux N. , Li W. , Sasso E. H. , Ibrahim F. , Scott D. L. , Cope A. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundReliable assessment of remission is important for the optimal management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this study, we used the multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) test to explore the role of biomarkers in predicting point remission and sustained remission.MethodsRA patients on > 6 months stable therapy in stable low disease activity (DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2) were assessed every 3 months for 1 year. Baseline, intermittent (IR) and sustained (SR) remission were defined by DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, simple disease activity index (SDAI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria. Patients not fulfilling any remission criteria at baseline were classified as ‘low disease activity state’ (LDAS). Patients not fulfilling any remission criteria over 1 year were classified as ‘persistent disease activity’ (PDA). MBDA score was measured at baseline/3/6 months. The baseline MBDA score, the 6-month time-integrated MBDA score and MBDA biomarkers were used for analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) assessed the ability of the MBDA score to discriminate between remission and non-remission. Biomarkers were analysed at baseline using the Mann-Whitney test and over time using the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test.ResultsOf 148 patients, 27% were in the LDAS, 65% DAS28-ESR remission, 51% DAS28-CRP remission, 40% SDAI remission, 43% CDAI remission and 25% ACR/EULAR Boolean remission at baseline. Over 1 year, 9% of patients were classified as PDA. IR and SR were achieved in 42%/47% by DAS28-ESR, 46%/29% by DAS28-CRP, 45%/20% by SDAI, 44%/21% by CDAI and 35%/9% by ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria, respectively. By all remission criteria, baseline MBDA score discriminated baseline remission (AUROCs 0.68–0.75) and IR/SR (AUROCs 0.65–0.74). The 6-month time-integrated MBDA score discriminated IR/SR (AUROCs 0.65–0.79). Baseline MBDA score and concentrations of IL-6, leptin, SAA and CRP were significantly lower in all baseline remission criteria groups vs LDAS. They and the 6-month time-integrated values were lower among patients who achieved IR/SR vs PDA over 1 year.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the MBDA score and its biomarkers IL-6, leptin, SAA and CRP differentiated between small differences in disease activity (i.e. between low disease activity and remission states). They were also predictors of remission over 1 year.