bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consciousness-raising and Liberation: The Latin American Progressive-Catholic Student Movements and the Regional Version of the Revision of Life Method (1955–1968)
Authors: Londono-Ardila Sandra 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This article examines the mobilization of the Catholic student youth in Latin America and the project of “consciousness-raising” and “liberation of La Patria Grande” they envisioned. At the core of this project, this article contends, an original ideological synthesis fused critical progressive-Catholic views with Latin America’s intellectual developments and political ideas. The particularity of this project shall underscore the unique unfolding of the Specialized Catholic Action model and the Revision of Life Method in the region.
Medellín between Two Revolutions: The Impact of CELAM II on Cuba and Nicaragua
Authors: Wingeier-Rayo Philip 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The second assembly of the Latin American Council of Bishops (CELAM II) in Medellin had widespread implications for religion and politics in Latin America and in the late twentieth century. This meeting occurred in 1968 almost halfway between two popular revolutions, one in Cuba (1959) and the other in Nicaragua (1979). The role of Christianity in these revolutions could not have been more different. The Cuban Revolution adopted a Marxist ideology that viewed Christianity as a pawn of American foreign policy and suspected Christians as counterrevolutionaries. After Medellin, however, Christians actively supported and participated in the Nicaraguan Revolution. This article offers an overview of the role of Christianity in these two popular revolutions with similarities and differences, and concludes with the impact of CELAM II, liberation theology, and the Base Christian Community movement upon the Nicaraguan Revolution.
Las mujeres y el envejecimiento de la población total y activa de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Mazzeo Victoria , Bocchicchio Fabiana 
Published: November 2019

El envejecimiento de la población es un cambio de importancia que repercute en todas las facetas de la vida humana. El número de personas adultas mayores está aumentando, pero no es ese el problema sino el envejecimiento de la población activa lo que hace que una economía sea más vulnerable al debilitamiento de su crecimiento. La Ciudad de Buenos Aires presenta población envejecida desde 1960. En ese momento, la población de 65 años y más representaba ya 9,1% y el proceso fue tan importante que, a partir de 1991, la sexta parte de su población se ubica en ese estrato. A partir del siglo XXI, los adultos mayores ya superan a los niños.
Se consideró interesante analizar la evolución del envejecimiento de la población en los últimos años y sus efectos en el mercado laboral de la ciudad. A partir de un abordaje cuantitativo, se indaga el crecimiento de los adultos mayores por sexo, tanto en la población potencialmente activa (PPA) como en la económicamente activa (PEA). El objetivo del artículo es responder la pregunta ¿Qué papel juegan las mujeres en el contexto del envejecimiento de la población activa en la ciudad de Buenos Aires? La evidencia empírica muestra que el envejecimiento de la población se ha trasladado a la población activa y que el mismo está relacionado con el aumento de la PEA femenina.
Hermann Kretzschmar’s Forgotten Heirs: “Silent”-Film Music as Applied Hermeneutics
Authors: Fuchs Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Allgemeines Handbuch der Film-Musik was published by Hans Erdmann, Ludwig Brav, and Giuseppe Becce in 1927 by the Berlin-based publisher Schlesinger. It represents the most comprehensive and undoubtedly most significant document pertaining to the practice of “silent”-film accompaniment during the 1920s in Germany. The four hundred-page work is divided into two volumes: The first one delivers an elaborate aesthetic and theoretical debate about the prevalent and ideal methods of film accompaniment, and the second volume contains a cinema music catalog, the so-called Thematisches Skalenregister (Thematic Music Index), with over three thousand musical incipits. While the Handbuch was firmly grounded in the musical practice of cinema musicians, the two parts were not solely intended as a manual to facilitate the fast-paced working routine of practitioners, like the numerous cinema music catalogs that were published in Germany in the wake of Becce’s Kinotheken (1919-1929). In these catalogs, music pieces of various origins were organized according to certain parameters in order to satisfy the musi-co-dramatic demands of day-to-day “silent”-film accompaniment. The pieces were interpreted for their extramusical associations and labeled under specific semantic categories in order to be used for specific and recurrent types of film scenes. This labeling of music was based on the tradition of “musical hermeneutics,” and it inspired the conception of the Handbuch’s second volume, the Thematic Music Index, which is a complex and multilayered classification system for cinema music. Thus, in addition to providing a precise method for film accompaniment, the Handbuch contains a theory and an aesthetics that applies the music-hermeneutical ideas of German musicologist Hermann Kretzschmar to the practice of film accompaniment. Kretzschmar (1848-1924) located the core problem of musical hermeneutics—a discipline of music analysis that essentially studies musical meaning and interpretation—in the nomenclature of musical expression, which formed the basis of the musical accompaniment method in “silent” cinema. This essay focuses on the influence of Kretzschmar’s theory of musical hermeneutics on the indexing system of the Handbuch as well as on the author’s intentions to ground their work in academic theory.
Windows onto Other Worlds: Music and the Negotiation of Otherness in Iranian Cinema
Authors: Nooshin Laudan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the role of music in exoticizing processes of representing and negotiating otherness in Iranian cinema, with reference to two main case examples. It explores the ways in which film narratives have been mobilized in the service of, or resistance to, differing visions of nationhood, in the context of which music facilitates an affective sonic marking of difference.
Social Involvement of Polish Immigrants in the U.S.: A Research Note
Authors: Fiń Anna , Nowak Witold , Nowosielski Michał 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article presents the results of the research on the social activity of Polish immigrants in the United States and their involvement in the activities of their community. The analysis is based on empirical data collected from an internet survey among Poles living in the United States and in selected European countries. Based on gathered empirical materials, the authors describe four main areas and contexts of the social activity of Polish immigrants in the United States: a) social participation of Polish immigrants (participation in social networks, cultural participation, as well as political participation); b) participation in nongovernmental organizations; c) participation in Polish immigrant organizations; d) opinions on Polish immigrant organizations’ functioning. The presented research note contains also the information about the crucial determinants of the immigrants’ social activity.
The Patron Saint of West Point: Tadeusz Kościuszko and His Academy Disciples
Authors: Bajdek Anthony J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the origin of the circumstances of Kościuszko’s having been held to be the patron saint of West Point, which concomitantly rendered him to be an exemplar of secular sainthood in the early American Republic. The American historian Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953), in his 1934 opus, “R. E. Lee: A Biography,” is credited for having identified Kościuszko as West Point’s patron saint at the time Lee matriculated as a plebe (i.e., freshman) in 1825. However, it had been the well-known storied life of Kościuszko in America as well as in Poland that particularly had attracted West Point’s fifth Superintendent, Sylvanus Thayer (1785–1872), on one hand, along concurrently with six Cadets, Lee included, that constituted, on the other hand, a student-based committee to select the best design for a monument to the memory of Kościuszko, who had been appointed by General George Washington to serve as the fortification engineer of West Point. The design selected had been submitted by John H. B. Latrobe of Maryland, a former Cadet, who resigned from the Academy in his senior year ranked first in his class, because his father had died leaving his family in poverty. When the Kościuszko Monument of West Point was dedicated on July 4, 1828, it became the world’s second-oldest national monument raised in honor of Kościuszko’s memory, second only to the Kopiec Kościuszki (Kościuszko Mound) of Kraków, Poland, that had been completed in 1823.
The New Ethnicity Movement and Polish Americans: Its Coming, Going, Significance, Consequences
Authors: Pienkos Donald E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The New Ethnicity movement was one of the many social protest movements that arose in the conflicted 1960s and early 1970s in the U.S. Its leading advocates—Michael Novak, Geno Baroni, and Andrew Greeley—argued powerfully against the derogatory characterization of urban Americans of Polish, Italian, Greek, and East and Central European ancestry in connection with the burning issues of the day, most notably civil rights and the Vietnam War. They urged the Democratic Party to pay more attention to white ethnic Americans’ concerns, especially those involving the well-being of their neighborhood communities. And they called on all Americans to learn more about the cultures and traditions of the “new ethnics.” In its efforts, the movement met with little success. Indeed, by the early 1980s, many “new” or “white ethnic” American voters had transferred their support to Republican Party candidates. The response of Polish Americans to the movement is also discussed in this paper, with attention to their receptivity to the New Ethnicity’s rejection of the “melting-pot” idea of American society in favor of the “cultural pluralism” thesis. Cultural pluralism emphasizes ethnicity’s enduring significance in appreciating the diversity of American life. The author argues that this view continues to animate the activities of members of many Polish American organizations, including PAHA.†
Awareness of antibiotics use among Omani patients
Authors: Alrahbi Hilal , Al-Alawi Amna , Al-Abri Nuha 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Antibiotics are considered crucial in preventing and treating many infectious diseases. However, antibiotics use causes major side effects and consequences. Raising public awareness about proper use of antibiotics contributes to improving understanding and preventing irreversible consequences. The aim of this study was to measure the level of awareness of antibiotics use among Omani patients, and to assess the relationship between level of awareness of antibiotics use and selected demographic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional design using a questionnaire, with a convenience sample of 354 patients was employed for this study.Results: The findings of this study indicated that most of the participants (63%) reported poor levels of awareness of antibiotics use. The mean value of level of awareness was 19.3 and the standard deviation was 3. Participants ranked doctors as the most (27%) to receive education from. There were significant relationship between levels of antibiotics awareness and gender [rpb (352) = -.126, p < .05]; levels of antibiotics awareness and employment [rpb (352) = -.149, p < .01]; levels of antibiotics awareness across age groups [F (3, 350) = 2.308, p = .049]; and across levels of education [F (3, 350) = 3.268, p = .014].Conclusions: Such findings are crucial because they form the basis for establishing awareness programs about antibiotics use which should be made accessible to patients and their families.
Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Anterior Decompression Technique for Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Riew K. Daniel , Choi Sung Hoon , Im Soo Bin , Nam Woo Dong , Yoon Young Sik , Hong Chul Gie 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is associated with a high incidence of surgery-related complications. A novel anterior decompression technique (vertebral body sliding osteotomy [VBSO]) has been developed to prevent such complications. This study attests the efficacy and safety of VBSO versus those of standard ACCF.

Methods:
Patients requiring surgery for cervical OPLL underwent VBSO (24 patients) or ACCF (38 patients). Operating time, estimated blood loss, neurologic outcomes, complications, and various radiographic parameters were investigated.

Results:
The VBSO group showed a shorter mean operating time and less estimated blood loss versus the ACCF group. Sixteen patients in the ACCF group experienced various complications, namely neurologic deficit (two patients), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (four patients), graft migration (three patients), and pseudarthrosis (seven patients). In the VBSO group, only pseudarthrosis was reported (two patients).

Conclusions:
VBSO provides similar neurologic outcomes with a shorter operating time and less bleeding compared with ACCF. Surgeons do not need to directly manipulate the OPLL mass or dissect the interspace between the OPLL and dura mater. Therefore, this technique may decrease the incidence of surgery-related complications.

Study Design:
Retrospective comparative study.
A Viscosity Iterative Algorithm Technique for Solving a General Equilibrium Problem System
Authors: Azhini Mahdi , Cheraghi Masoumeh , Sahebi Hamid reza 
Published: November 2019

In the recent decade, a considerable number of Equilibrium problems havebeen solved successfully based on the iteration methods. In this paper, we suggest a viscosity iterative algorithm for nonexpansive semigroup in the framework of Hilbert space. We prove that, the sequence generated by this algorithm under the certain conditions imposed on parameters strongly convergence to a common solution of general equilibrium problem system. Results presented in this paper extend and unify the previously known results announced by many other authors. Further, we give some numerical examples to justify our main results.
Reseña de Bleier, Roman, Bürgermeister, Martina, Klug, Helmut W., Neuber, Frederike y Schneider, Gerlinde (eds.): "Digital Scholarly Editions as Interfaces"
Authors: Zoppi Federica 
Published: November 2019

Reseña del volumen: Bleier, Roman; Bürgermeister, Martina, Klug, Helmut W., Neuber, Frederike y Schneider, Gerlinde (eds.). Digital Scholarly Editions as Interfaces. Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2018. ISBN: 9783748109259
Motivational strategies and approaches for single and multi-player exergames: a social perspective
Authors: Chan Gerry , Arya Ali , Orji Rita , Zhao Zhao 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundExergames have attracted the interest of academics, practitioners, and designers, in domains as diverse as health, human-computer interaction, psychology, and information technology. This is primarily because exergames can make the exercise experience more enjoyable and entertaining, and in turn, can increase exercise levels. Despite the many benefits of exergames, they suffer from retention problems. Thus, the objective of this article was to review theories and game elements that have been empirically examined or employed in an attempt to make exergames more motivating so people engage in sustained physical activity (duration of physical activity) in a repeating pattern over time (frequency of physical activity).MethodologyA literature search and narrative review were conducted.ResultsFive major theories and elements were prevalent in the exergaming literature: (1) self-determination theory, (2) gamification, (3) competition and cooperation, (4) situational interest, and (5) social interaction. These theories and elements are important for encouraging long-term play and show promise for designing exergames to promote sustained engagement and motivate physical activity. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses throughout the paper.ConclusionsThe long-term effectiveness of exergame interventions is unclear mainly because of the limited amount of long-term studies. Better metrics are also needed to evaluate this effectiveness. We also identified particular attention to social factors and group dynamics, such as multi-player exergames and more effective player matchmaking strategies for increasing social connectedness, as a key area of future research.
A pilot study—genetic diversity and population structure of snow leopards of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, using molecular techniques
Authors: Aruge Samreen , Batool Hafsa , Khan Fida M. , Fakhar-i-Abbas  , Janjua Safia 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges in Pakistan’s northern areas are a natural habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera unciasyn.Uncia uncia) but the ecological studies on this animal are scarce since it is human shy by nature and lives in difficult mountainous tracts. The pilot study is conducted to exploit the genetic diversity and population structure of the snow leopard in this selected natural habitat of the member of the wildcat family in Pakistan.MethodAbout 50 putative scat samples of snow leopard from five localities of Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) along with a control sample of zoo maintained male snow leopard were collected for comparison. Significant quality and quantity of genomic DNA was extracted from scat samples using combined Zhang–phenol–chloroform method and successful amplification of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (190 bp) using mini-barcode primers, seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and Y-linked AMELY gene (200 bp) was done.ResultsCytochrome c oxidase I gene sequencing suggested that 33/50 (66%) scat samples were of snow leopard. AMELY primer suggested that out of 33 amplified samples, 21 (63.63%) scats were from male and 12 (36.36%) from female leopards. Through successful amplification of DNA of 25 out of 33 (75.75%) scat samples using SSR markers, a total of 68 alleles on seven SSR loci were identified, showing low heterozygosity, while high gene flow between population.DiscussionThe low gene flow rate among the population results in low genetic diversity causing decreased diversification. This affects the adaptability to climatic changes, thus ultimately resulting in decreased population size of the species.
Melanoma Tumor Mutational Burden and Indoor Tanning Exposure
Authors: Hanrahan Grace B. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Allais Blair , Vogelzang Jayne , Fay Christopher , Tsibris Hillary C. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceUV-induced mutagenesis leads to a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cutaneous melanoma relative to other cancer types. TMB is an important prognostic marker in advanced melanoma; higher TMB is associated with greater clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibition and improved survival.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between cutaneous melanoma TMB and indoor tanning exposure, as well as other demographic, dermatologic, and tumor characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study took place at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, a tertiary-care cancer treatment center in Boston, Massachusetts, between 2013 and 2022. Patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma for whom next-generation sequencing data and tanning bed exposure history were available were included.ExposuresIndoor tanning exposure history, tumor characteristics, demographics, and dermatologic history were collected via retrospective medical record review.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association of tanning bed use with TMB was modeled using inverse probability of treatment weighted, multivariable modeling.ResultsAmong 617 patients (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 61 [50-71] years; 337 [62.9%] male), there was no association between indoor tanning exposure and TMB after adjustment for demographic, tumor, and dermatologic characteristics (yes vs no: log2 TMB [SE], 4.07 [0.44] vs 3.97 [0.45]; P = .39). However, there was a statistically significant association between higher TMB and older age at diagnosis, history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, and head and neck tumors relative to other primary sites. Average TMB was statistically significantly lower in patients with a history of abnormal nevi (yes vs no: log2 TMB [SE], 3.89 [0.44] vs 4.15 [0.44]; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study suggests that indoor tanning exposure, while known to increase risk of melanoma, may not be meaningfully associated with melanoma TMB. Additional characteristics were associated with higher TMB and, thus, potentially improved immune checkpoint inhibitor response.
Selective vs Routine Cholangiography Across a Health Care Enterprise
Authors: Gross Abby , Said Sayf Al-deen , Wehrle Chase J. , Hong Hanna , Quick Joseph , Larson Sarah , Hossain Mir Shanaz , Naffouje Samer , Walsh R. Matthew , Augustin Toms 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceThere is sparse literature on whether routine cholangiography (RC) vs selective cholangiography (SC) during cholecystectomy is associated with improved perioperative outcomes, regardless of whether an intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is performed.ObjectiveTo compare perioperative outcomes of cholecystectomy between surgeons who routinely vs selectively perform IOC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2015 through June 2023 and took place within the Cleveland Clinic Enterprise, which includes 18 hospitals and 9 ambulatory surgery centers in 2 states (Ohio and Florida). Participants included adult patients who underwent cholecystectomy for benign biliary disease. Data analysis was conducted between July 2023 and August 2024.ExposureRoutine cholangiography, defined as more than 70% of cholecystectomies performed with IOC per surgeon over the study period.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The primary outcome was major bile duct injury (BDI). Hierarchical mixed-effects models with patients nested in hospitals adjusted for individual- and surgeon-level characteristics were used to assess the odds of major BDI and secondary outcomes (minor BDI, operative duration, and perioperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]).ResultsA total of 134 surgeons performed 28 212 cholecystectomies with 10 244 in the RC cohort (mean age, 52.71 [SD, 17.78] years; 7102 female participants [69.33%]) and 17 968 in the SC cohort (mean age, 52.33 [SD, 17.72] years; 12 135 female participants [67.54%]). Overall, 26 major BDIs (0.09%) and 105 minor BDIs (0.34%) were identified. Controlling for patient and surgeon characteristics nested in hospitals, RC was associated with decreased odds of major BDI (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.15-0.18) and minor BDI (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89) compared with SC. Major BDIs were recognized intraoperatively more often in the RC cohort than the SC cohort (76.9% vs 23.0%; difference, 53.8%; 95% CI, 15.9%-80.2%). Lastly, RC was not significantly associated with increased perioperative ERCP utilization (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90-1.14) or negative ERCP rate (RC, 27 of 844 [3.2%] vs SC, 57 of 1570 [3.6%]; difference, −0.3%; 95% CI, −1.9% to 1.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, RC was associated with decreased odds of major and minor BDI, as well as increased intraoperative recognition of major BDI when it occurred. RC could be considered as a health systems strategy to minimize BDI, acknowledging the overall low prevalence but high morbidity from these injuries.