bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral palsy in Canadian Indigenous children
Authors: Chen Anjellica , Dyck Holzinger Sasha , Oskoui Maryam , Shevell Michael ,   the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry
Published: December 2020

AimTo determine whether inequities in health outcomes for Indigenous Canadians are also present in cerebral palsy (CP) by comparing CP profiles between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children.MethodUsing the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry, we conducted a cross‐sectional study. CP motor subtype, gross motor severity, comorbidities, perinatal adversity, preterm birth, and parental education were compared between 94 Indigenous (53 males, 41 females) and 1555 non‐Indigenous (891 males, 664 females) children (all >5y). Multivariate analysis was done to analyze adverse CP factors, defined as CP gross motor severity and comorbidities. CP etiologies, either prenatal/perinatal or postnatal, were also compared.ResultsIndigenous children with CP have higher odds of having low parental education (odds ratio [OR] 6.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.36–11.3) and comorbidities (OR 4.46, 95% CI 1.62–12.3), especially cognitive (OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.27–9.05), communication (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.54–4.61), and feeding (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.33–3.83) impairment. Indigenous children also have higher CP gross motor severity (p=0.03). Indigenous children are also more likely to have non‐accidental head injury (n=4; OR 8.18, 95% CI 1.86–36.0) as the cause of their postnatal CP.InterpretationIndigenous populations have worse health outcomes as a result of intergenerational impacts of colonization. Our study shows that Indigenous children with CP have increased comorbidities and higher CP gross motor severity, reinforcing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management. Furthermore, targeted prevention programs against preventable causes of CP, such as non‐accidental head injury, may be beneficial.What this paper adds

Indigenous children with cerebral palsy (CP) have more severe motor impairment and more comorbidities.

Non‐accidental head injury is a significant cause of postnatal CP.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with diabetes and diabetes services: A pan‐European survey of diabetes specialist nurses undertaken by the Foundation of European Nurses in Diabetes survey consortium
Authors: Forde Rita , Arente Liga , Ausili Davide , De Backer Kristin , Due‐Christensen Mette , Epps Amanda , Fitzpatrick Anne , Grixti Moira , Groen Sijda , Halkoaho Arja , Huber Claudia , Iversen Marjolein M. , Johansson Unn‐Britt , Leippert Claudia , Ozcan Seyda , Parker Julie , Paiva Ana Christina , Sanpetreanu Adina , Savet Marie‐Alice , Rosana Svetic‐Cisic , Szewczyk Alicja , Valverde Maite , Vlachou Eugenia , Forbes Angus ,   the FEND COVID‐19 consortium
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo describe diabetes nurses' perspectives on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with diabetes and diabetes services across Europe.MethodsAn online survey developed using a rapid Delphi method. The survey was translated into 17 different languages and disseminated electronically in 27 countries via national diabetes nurse networks.ResultsSurvey responses from 1829 diabetes nurses were included in the analysis. The responses indicated that 28% (n = 504) and 48% (n = 873) of diabetes nurses felt the COVID‐19 pandemic had impacted ‘a lot’ on the physical and psychological risks of people with diabetes, respectively. The following clinical problems were identified as having increased ‘a lot’: anxiety 82% (n = 1486); diabetes distress 65% (n = 1189); depression 49% (n = 893); acute hyperglycaemia 39% (n = 710) and foot complications 18% (n = 323). Forty‐seven percent (n = 771) of respondents identified that the level of care provided to people with diabetes had declined either extremely or quite severely. Self‐management support, diabetes education and psychological support were rated by diabetes nurse respondents as having declined extremely or quite severely during the COVID‐19 pandemic by 31% (n = 499), 63% (n = 1,027) and 34% (n = 551), respectively.ConclusionThe findings show that diabetes nurses across Europe have seen significant increases in both physical and psychological problems in their patient populations during COVID‐19. The data also show that clinical diabetes services have been significantly disrupted. As the COVID‐19 situation continues, we need to adapt care systems with some urgency to minimise the impact of the pandemic on the diabetes population.
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)
Authors: Bootsma Matthew L. , Miller Loren , Sass Greg G. , Euclide Peter T. , Larson Wesley A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within‐species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by postglacial recolonization from multiple lineages and an extensive history of stocking. We leveraged genomic data and recently developed analytical approaches to explore the population structure of walleye from two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We genotyped 954 walleye from 23 populations at ~20,000 loci using genotyping by sequencing and tested for patterns of population structure with single‐SNP and microhaplotype data. Populations from Minnesota and Wisconsin were highly differentiated from each other, with additional substructure found in each state. Population structure did not consistently adhere to drainage boundaries, as cases of high intra‐drainage and low inter‐drainage differentiation were observed. Low genetic structure was observed between populations from the upper Wisconsin and upper Chippewa river watersheds, which are found as few as 50 km apart and were likely homogenized through historical stocking. Nevertheless, we were able to differentiate these populations using microhaplotype‐based co‐ancestry analysis, providing increased resolution over previous microsatellite studies and our other single SNP‐based analyses. Although our results illustrate that walleye population structure has been influenced by past stocking practices, native ancestry still exists in most populations and walleye populations may be able to purge non‐native alleles and haplotypes in the absence of stocking. Our study is one of the first to use genomic tools to investigate the influence of stocking on population structure in a nonsalmonid fish and outlines a workflow leveraging recently developed analytical methods to improve resolution of complex population structure that will be highly applicable in many species and systems.
Factor analysis of the Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire for adolescents with chronic illness
Authors: Lee Dasuel , Jeong Dae‐Chul , Chung Nack‐Gyun , Lee Sunhee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire.MethodsA total of 237 adolescent Participants ages 13–20 years were collected from two hospitals for purposes of the study. The participants were diagnosed with blood cancer, congenital heart disease, paediatric rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe Illness Cognition Questionnaire is composed of three subscales and 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for all 18 items. The data used in the exploratory factor analysis were obtained from 126 adolescents with blood cancer. The data used for confirmatory factor analysis were obtained from 111 adolescents who had chronic diseases. The three‐factor model of 18 items showed general fitness close to the standard but not a very good fit.ConclusionsThis study indicated that the Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire is reasonable to use for Korean adolescents with chronic illness. The authors recommend that the meaning of Item 10 be clarified from ‘I have learned to accept the limitations imposed by my illness’ to ‘I have learned to positively accept the limitations imposed by my illness’.
Recent advances in single‐cell multimodal analysis to study immune cells
Authors: Louie Raymond HY , Luciani Fabio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in single‐cell technologies have enabled the profiling of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome, along with temporal and spatial information of individual cells. These technologies have provided unique opportunities to understand mechanisms underpinning the immune system, such as characterizations of the molecular cell state, how the cell state evolves along its lineage and the impact of spatial location on cell state. In this review, we discuss how these mechanisms have been studied through recent advances in single‐cell multimodal technologies.
Utility of 68Ga‐DOTA‐Exendin‐4 positron emission tomography–computed tomography imaging in distinguishing between insulinoma and nesidioblastosis in patients with confirmed endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Authors: Kalff Victor , Iravani Amir , Akhurst Timothy , Pattison David A. , Eu Peter , Hofman Michael S. , Hicks Rodney J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBecause management is very different, it is important to differentiate between small focal insulinomas and diffuse pancreatic dysplasia (nesidioblastosis) in patients with confirmed endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (EHH). Most insulinomas highly express glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors enabling positron emission tomography–computed tomography imaging with its radiolabelled analogue; 68Ga‐DOTA‐Exendin‐4 (Exendin).AimTo determine: (i) the utility of Exendin in EHH patients in a clinical setting; and (ii) whether the degree of Exendin uptake differentiates non‐insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS) from post‐gastric bypass hypoglycaemia (PGBH).MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the clinical, biochemistry and prior imaging findings in confirmed EHH patients referred for Exendin. Accuracy of Exendin was based on surgical findings and treatment outcomes. Finally, average Exendin uptake (SUVmax) of five PGBH studies was compared with the SUVmax of a key NIPHS case report.ResultsTwenty of 25 consecutive patients had confirmed EHH. Exendin located insulinomas in eight of nine patients enabling successful surgical excision with rapid and durable cure. Exendin correctly identified diffuse nesidioblastosis in two of three cases requiring partial pancreatectomy for hypoglycaemia control. All three relapsed within 1.7 years with one needing completion pancreatectomy. Establishing the cause in the remainder relied on other investigations, clinical correlation and response to empirical treatment. Finally, Exendin SUVmax could not distinguish between NIPHS and PGBH.ConclusionIn EHH patients, Exendin accurately identifies the site of insulinoma and thereby differentiates it from nesidioblastosis but negative findings should not be ignored. Exendin is unlikely to differentiate between normal pancreatic uptake, NIPHS and PGBH.
Oral microbiome interactions with gingival gene expression patterns for apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia pathways in progressing periodontitis
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Kirakodu Sreenatha S. , Gonzalez Octavio A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryOral mucosal tissues must react with and respond to microbes comprising the oral microbiome ecology. This study examined the interaction of the microbiome with transcriptomic footprints of apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia pathways during periodontitis. Adult Macaca mulatta (n = 18; 12–23 years of age) exhibiting a healthy periodontium at baseline were used to induce progressing periodontitis through ligature placement around premolar/molar teeth. Gingival tissue samples collected at baseline, 0·5, 1 and 3 months of disease and at 5 months for disease resolution were analysed via microarray. Bacterial samples were collected at identical sites to the host tissues and analysed using MiSeq. Significant changes in apoptosis and hypoxia gene expression occurred with initiation of disease, while autophagy gene changes generally emerged later in disease progression samples. These interlinked pathways contributing to cellular homeostasis showed significant correlations between altered gene expression profiles in apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia with groups of genes correlated in different directions across health and disease samples. Bacterial complexes were identified that correlated significantly with profiles of host genes in health, disease and resolution for each pathway. These relationships were more robust in health and resolution samples, with less bacterial complex diversity during disease. Using these pathways as cellular responses to stress in the local periodontal environment, the data are consistent with the concept of dysbiosis at the functional genomics level. It appears that the same bacteria in a healthy microbiome may be interfacing with host cells differently than in a disease lesion site and contributing to the tissue destructive processes.
Social participation of people with chronic wounds: A systematic review
Authors: Klein Toni Maria , Andrees Valerie , Kirsten Natalia , Protz Kerstin , Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiving with chronic ulcers can be burdensome and restrictive, with regard to not only physical and psychological but also social well‐being. This review aims to analyse social participation in patients with chronic wounds and to compare results across different wound types. A search string was applied in several electronic databases. Results were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data of eligible articles were extracted and synthesised narratively. The search revealed 42 eligible publications. Only minor differences across different ulcer types could be detected. Overall, family members were the main social contacts for patients; they often provided wound care and emotional support. Patients had few non‐family relations, but those existing were often very close. Patients felt guilty as their condition imposed burden on family and friends, as well. A close relationship with nurses was described. Restrictions were caused by direct and indirect consequences of the wound. Overall, social support and social connections were reduced in wound patients. Inconsistent results were found regarding social isolation. In summary, people with chronic wounds experience impairments in all aspects of social participation. Therefore, social participation deserves increased attention in routine care both as a trigger of burden and as an outcome of therapy.
Ultra‐fast, selective, non‐melting, laser sintering of alumina with anisotropic and size‐suppressed grains
Authors: Geng Xiao , Hong Yuzhe , Lei Jincheng , Ma Jianxing , Chen Jie , Xiao Hai , Tong Jianhua , Bordia Rajendra K. , Peng Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report an ultra‐fast sintering phenomenon of alumina achieved by the scanning laser irradiation method. Using CO2 laser irradiation, we found that micrometer‐sized alumina powder (d50 = 1.2 µm) can be sintered close to full density within a few tens of seconds. The microstructure of laser‐sintered alumina was different from that of the furnace‐sintered alumina. The relative density and grain size of the laser‐sintered alumina gradually decreased from the center of the laser beam to the edge. Anisotropy of the grain size was measured along and perpendicular to the scanning direction. This anisotropy decreased as the scanning speed decreased from 0.1 mm/s to 0.01 mm/s. The sintering master curve of grain size versus relative density, which reflects the sintering mechanism, was found to be affected by the laser scanning speed. When the laser scanning speed was 0.1 mm/s, grain size suppression was found for the almost fully dense alumina. However, at lower scanning speed (e.g., 0.01 mm/s), there was significant grain growth in the regions where the relative density was greater than 90%. These results clearly indicate that alumina can be sintered, in the solid‐state, to a high density in a short time using scanning laser and the microstructure is different from the furnace‐sintered alumina.
Together but Apart: Creating and Supporting Online Learning Communities in an Era of Distributed Studio Education
Authors: Marshalsey Lorraine , Sclater Madeleine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt would seem that technological campuses of tomorrow have manifested in 2020 as an essential spontaneous response to a world event. This article examines the current crisis in physical art and design studio learning in higher education as a consequence of the COVID‐19 outbreak and the sector’s response to the fast‐track conversion of blended learning to a distributed model. Universities are focusing on virtual community building where group work, ‘crits’ and presentations are being carried out online. Moving assessment and engagement to online formats has consequences for practice‐based art and design courses: distributed learning changes how we teach and learn. This article discusses the implications of art and design studio education in a time of distributed learning. It considers the loss of control over a physically based, practical curriculum and the repercussions for students unable to perform to the depth and rigour required for creative art and design practice. Studio education is considered a signature pedagogy, and has a distinct set of guiding principles such as facilitating critical play, thinking and making, and a pedagogy of ambiguity. This article examines the successes and challenges of moving these pedagogical principles into distributed spaces to support student engagement, using Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a research framework. The article also examines pedagogical strategies that support students to engage in physical forms of creative practice that enable them to connect their lived experience in a time of crisis.
Physical activity in the context of advanced breast cancer: An integrative review
Authors: Geng Zhaohui , Wang Jingting , Zhang Yingting , Wu Fulei , Yuan Changrong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe and synthesize diverse empirical evidence regarding physical activity (PA) in the context of advanced breast cancer (ABC).DesignIntegrative review guided by the work of Whittemore and Knafl (2005).Data sourcesSix electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant literature published between January 2007–June 2019.Review methodsAbstracts of papers that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed by two researchers and full texts of eligible papers were assessed. Data were extracted by two independent researchers and inter‐rater reliability of data extraction established. Quality of papers was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were organized according to comprehensive thematic analysis and the biobehavioural model for the study of exercise interventions.ResultsOf the 532 abstracts, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria which included six randomized controlled trials, one quantitative non‐randomized study, seven quantitative descriptive studies, three mixed method studies and one qualitative study. Results from studies enrolled fell into four domains: PA performance and its influence on survival; barriers and preferences for PA; interventions to enhance PA; perceived benefits of PA from qualitative feedback.ConclusionEvidence suggests that ABC patients are physically inactive. Main barriers of PA are less aerobic fitness and heavy symptom burden. Simple, tailored and specialist‐supervised PA is preferred by ABC patients. Form of joint self‐instructed and group accompanying is advocated as well. PA intervention programmes identified in this review vary on type, intensity, duration and frequency, while generally, are found to be feasible, safe and beneficial to patients’ physical and psychosocial well‐being.ImpactThe results propose tailored, supervised, group‐based PA programmes are in urgent need for ABC patients. Clinical professionals should manage more feasible and safer PA interventions to help improve patients’ overall health. More research with rigorous methodology design is warranted to explore PA’s effect on long‐term health outcomes.
Systematic evaluation, verification and comparison of tuberculosis‐related non‐coding RNA diagnostic panels
Authors: Lyu Mengyuan , Cheng Yuhui , Zhou Jian , Chong Weelic , Wang Yili , Xu Wei , Ying Binwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe systematically summarized tuberculosis (TB)‐related non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) diagnostic panels, validated and compared panel performance. We searched TB‐related ncRNA panels in PubMed, OVID and Web of Science up to 28 February 2020, and available datasets in GEO, SRA and EBI ArrayExpress up to 1 March 2020. We rebuilt models and synthesized the results of each model in validation sets by bivariate mixed models. Specificity at 90% sensitivity, area under curve (AUC) and inconsistence index (I2) were calculated. NcRNA biofunctions were analysed. Nineteen models based on 18 ncRNA panels (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA and snoRNA panels) and 18 datasets were included. Limited available datasets only allowed to evaluate miRNA panels further. Cui 2017 and Latorre 2015 exhibited specificity >70% at 90% sensitivity and AUC >80% in all validation sets. Cui 2017 showed higher specificity at 90% sensitivity (92%) and AUC (95%) and lower heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) in ethological‐confirmation validation sets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that most ncRNAs in panels involved in immune cell activation, oxidative stress, and Wnt and MAPK signalling pathway. Cui 2017 outperformed other models in both all available and aetiological‐confirmed validation sets, meeting the criteria of target product profile of WHO. This work provided a basis for clinical choice of TB‐related ncRNA diagnostic panels to a certain extent.
The Lived Experience of Postpartum Women Attending Outpatient Substance Treatment for Opioid or Heroin Use
Authors: Proulx Donna , Fantasia Heidi Collins 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe current opioid crisis and associated heroin epidemic have exhausted the limited community services that are available to substance users, with only about 12% of substance use treatment facilities offering special programs for pregnant women. Little information is known about the lived experience of postpartum women in outpatient substance use treatment programs, who are working toward abstinence and caring for a newborn. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of postpartum women attending outpatient substance use treatment for illicit opioid or heroin use.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted between December 2017 and November 2018, with 10 postpartum women with opioid use disorder (OUD) engaged in outpatient substance use treatment programs. A 4‐step conceptual framework as suggested by Moustakas was used to understand and synthesize the lived experiences shared by the women.ResultsFive themes emerged from the raw data: the presence of a stigma in providers of health care services, a fear of being reported to family services, children are primary motivators to remain engaged in treatment, concern for the welfare of the infant, and barriers to treatment.DiscussionPostpartum women with OUD and their infants have complex needs that may best be served by treatment programs that offer comprehensive care. The fear of being reported to family services and possible loss of custody influenced all aspects of their decision‐making.