bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yerel olmayan ortalamalar yaklaşımı ile yere nüfuz eden radar görüntülerinde kargaşa giderme
Authors: KUMLU Deniz , ERER İşın 
Published: April 2020

Bu
makalede, yere nüfuz eden radar (YNR) görüntülerinde mevcut olan kargaşayı
gidermek için yerel olmayan ortalamalar (YOO) süzgeci tabanlı yöntemin
kullanılması önerilmiştir. YOO süzgeci diğer yerel ortalama alan süzgeçlerden
farklı olan bilateral süzgecin genellemesi olarak düşünülebilir, çünkü YOO
süzgeci ilgili pikselin ağırlığını bulurken görüntüde benzer komşu piksellerin
değerlerine bakarak karar verir. Bu çalışmada, YOO süzgeci çok ölçekli-yönlü olacak şekilde
genişletilmiş ve bu yeni yönteme çok-ölçekli yönlü yerel olmayan ortalamalar
(ÇYYOO) süzgeci ismi verilmiştir. Daha sonra, bu yöntem YNR görüntüleri içinde
bulunan hedef ve kargaşaya ait doğal geometrik bilgileri yakalamak amacıyla görüntüleri
yaklaşım ve detay alt uzaylara ayrıştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Ayrıştırma
yapıldıktan sonra, kargaşa sadece diyagonal bilgi içeren alt uzay görüntülerini
koruyarak giderilmiştir. Daha sonra, kargaşası
giderilmiş YNR görüntüsü elde etmek için geriye kalan alt uzaylara ters dönüşüm
uygulanır. Önerilen yöntem benzetim ve gerçek YNR veri seti kullanılarak
literatürde var olan mevcut yöntemler ve yeni önerilen komşuluk filtresi
tabanlı yöntem ile alıcı işletim karakteristik (AİK) eğrileri üzerinden karşılaştırılmış,
üstünlüğü kanıtlanmıştır.
Gümüş nanopartiküller eşliğinde katalitik ozonlama prosesleri ile sucul ortamdan doğal organik maddelerin giderimi: Ozonlama ürünlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ALVER Alper , ALTINIŞIK TAĞAÇ Aylin , KILIÇ Ahmet 
Published: April 2020

Katalitik ozonlama proseslerinde nihai hedef kirleticinin son ürüne okside edilmesidir; fakat zincirleme oksidasyon reaksiyonları sonucunda bazı ara ürünler son ürüne kadar okside olamamaktadır. Bu oksidasyon ara ürünlerinin dezenfeksiyon işlemine tabi tutulması sonrasında ise daha toksik/kanserojenik/mutajenik ara ürünler meydana gelebilmektedir. Katalitik ozonlama prosesleri üzerine literatürde yapılan birçok çalışmada “hedef kirleticilerin” giderim verimliliği ve giderim maliyeti üzerine yoğunlaşılmış olsa da oluşan ara ürünler çoğu çalışmada takip edilmemiştir. Bu sebeple katalitik ozonlama proseslerinin nihai bertaraf yöntemi olarak kullanılabilirliği halen sorgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yüzeysel sulardaki doğal organik maddeleri temsilen sentetik olarak hazırlanmış hümik asit çözeltilerinin gümüş bazlı nanopartiküllerle zenginleştirilmiş montmorillonit katalizörlüğünde ozonlama prosesleri ile arıtılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Katalizör dozlarının değiştirildiği arıtım çalışmalarında doğal organik maddenin bozunumu ve alifatik-aromatik yapısındaki değişimleri izlenilmiştir. Arıtma işlemi sonrasında çıkış suları klorla dezenfeksiyon işlemine tabi tutularak oluşan Trihalometan (THM) ve Haloasetik Asit (HAA) türleri kantitatif olarak diğer oksidasyon ara ürünleri ise kalitatif olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluación de Pensamiento Crítico en estudiantes de Trabajo Social de la región de Atacama-Chile
Authors: Betancourth-Zambrano Sonia , Martínez-Daza Viviana , Tabares-Díaz Yuranny Alejandra 
Published: April 2020

El pensamiento crítico es un conjunto de habilidades que permiten al ser humano mejorar su pensamiento, autorregularse y tomar decisiones a partir de lo que piensa y cree. La presente investigación es cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, con el objetivo de evaluar el pensamiento crítico en 119 estudiantes de Trabajo Social de una universidad estatal al norte de Chile, de los cuales el 19% eran hombres y el 81% mujeres, con un rango de edad entre los 18 a 31 años. Los resultados señalan que 27% de los estudiantes tienen un pensamiento crítico muy alto, 25% nivel medio, 23% nivel bajo, 18% nivel alto y 7% nivel muy bajo. Igualmente, se destaca que los estudiantes de mayor edad, procedentes de instituciones educativas públicas e hijos de padres con niveles de formación de postgrado tienen mejor pensamiento crítico. En este sentido, es imprescindible implementar en la educación superior programas y metodologías que estimulen en el estudiante el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico, así como la adquisición de una postura reflexiva para la resolución de problemas académicos y sociales.
The usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in febrile seizure
Authors: A. Pooja , Aroor Amitha Rao , Soans Santosh T. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Febrile seizure is an event in infancy or childhood, usually occurring between 3 months and 5 years of age associated with fever but without evidence of intracranial infection. The aim of the study was to estimate the usefulness of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with simple and complex febrile seizures.Methods: Retrospective case control study was done in a paediatric in patients admitted to tertiary care hospital. Study period was from January 2017 to December 2019. 200 children were analysed in the study. 100 out of 200 were under control group (febrile children without seizure). Remaining 100 were under case group (children with febrile seizure), 54 out of 100 children had complex febrile seizure, 46 out of 100 had simple febrile seizure. NLR ratio was done in all children.Results: Total 200 children were analysed in this study. High NLR ratio was noted among the cases (87 out of 100) compared to control (30 out of 100) p value = <0.001. Among the cases CFS had high NLR ratio compared to SFS, however p value was not significant (0.072).Conclusions: Children with febrile seizure had high NLR ratio compared to those without seizures. However no significant difference was noted between those with simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure However, larger trials are required to assess whether higher NLR can be taken as an independent risk factor for febrile seizure.
Effect of hypothyroidism on lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Singh Damanpreet , Mohan Gurinder , Bansal Arshdeep 
Published: April 2020

Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones, and Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. Both the endocrinopathies have been found to be associated with dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis that result into various complications. Our aim was to assess the difference of dyslipidaemia in patients suffering from hypothyroidism with diabetes as compared to diabetes alone.Methods: Study was conducted in department of medicine in SGRDIMSR, Sri Amritsar. A total of 120 patients were enrolled for the present study, the one who presented to hospital from January 2018 to August 2019 diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. The patients were divided into two groups. 60 patients having type 2 diabetes without hypothyroidism (control group). 60 patients having type 2 diabetes with hypothyroidism (study group). Fasting lipid profile were performed in both the groups and were analysed for the study.Results: Dyslipidaemia was seen more in study group as compared to control group with mean cholesterol of 488.3(±144.43) and mean triglyceride levels of 354.30(±128.57) in study group as compared to control group with mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 179.7(±81.47) and 177.08(±118.18) with p-value of 0.001 and 0.01 respectively which were significant. Also, obesity and diabetic complication were more in patients of dual endocrinopathies as compared to diabetes alone which were also significant statistically.Conclusions: From our study it is concluded that type 2 diabetes with hypothyroidism causes more dyslipidaemia as compare to type 2 diabetes alone. So proper screening of thyroid profile of type 2 diabetic patients and its correction helps in achieving better lipidemic control which further prevent complications.
Tracheostomy in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, indications and complications
Authors: Gupta Anchal , Gupta Palak , Mahajan Vikrant , Jamwal Padam Singh 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tracheostomy is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in the emergency department, Intensive care units and at bedside in the present scenario. The aim of our study is to outline the frequent indications, to analyse various complications and to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy in our setting in our Institution.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT and Head &amp; Neck Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu from January 2018 to January 2020. The cases were recorded from ENT Department and also intensive medical care, intensive neonatal and pediatric care, intensive respiratory care, surgical intensive care units of our institution. We included all the emergency, elective and prophylactic tracheostomies in this group. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 patients included in our study, male: female ratio was 2.7:1. 61 (61%) patients were in the age group of 41 to 60 years. The mean age was 43 years. In our study 58 (58%) tracheostomies were done on emergency. 38 (38%) were done electively whereas rest 4 (4%) were done prophylactically. 37 (37%) tracheostomies were done for upper airway obstruction, followed by artificial ventilation done in 36 (36%) patients. The most indication was carcinoma seen in 17 (17%) patient followed by head injury seen in 16 (16%) patients. The most common complication was surgical emphysema seen in 8(8%) tracheostomies followed by haemorrhage in 6 (6%) tracheostomies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tracheostomy still remains a life saving procedure in the surgical management of airway if performed timely despite its few complications.</p>
Clinicopathological study of thyroid swellings
Authors: Gupta Anchal , Jamwal Padam Singh 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diseases of the thyroid continue to be a common clinical problem having a prevalence rate of 4 to 7% in the general population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu from January 2018 to January 2020. A thorough history taking, meticulous clinical examination, routine hematological and biochemical investigations were done in all the patients. General examination of the patient was done and looked for thyroid functional abnormality followed by local examination was carried out to locate and identify the site of the swelling, shape, size and consistency of the thyroid swelling and clinical diagnosis was made. All thyroid swelling cases were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The type of thyroidectomy is based on the size and type of thyroid whether neoplastic or non-neoplastic. All the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 60 patients in the study, 56 were females and only 4 were males. The most common age group was 31 to 40 years seen in 24 (40%) patients. The most common presenting symptom was swelling in the neck seen in 58 (96.67%) patients. The most common diagnosis on FNAC was colloid goiter seen in 40 (66.67%) patients. The most common was benign nodular colloid goiter seen in 35 (58.33%) patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fine needle aspiration is a very useful and indispensible test in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.</p>
A cross sectional study on dental infections in chronic urticaria
Authors: Krishna Ananthula V. , Sunki Karthik , Koneti Bramhini B. , Amala Ramala , Lavidya Aruna , Harika Meruva 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Urticaria is considered to be caused by infections, emotions, and also allergy to common substances in the environment, particularly drugs. The relation of active dental infection to chronic urticaria is sought frequently, yet there are few detailed reports of the incidence and importance of such a relationship. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental infection occurring in chronic urticaria patients attending Dermatology, Venerealogy and Leprosy (DVL) OPD at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was done from August 2018 to May 2019 on 100 patients of age group between 16 to 60 years with chronic urticaria attending DVL OPD at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. They have been referred to the dental department and were reviewed to determine the incidence of dental infections.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 cases<strong>, </strong>66 were males and 34 were females. Youngest patient seen was 17 years and the oldest was 60 years. Peak incidence was seen in 31 to 40 years (36 cases of 36%), followed by 21 to 30 years (30 cases of 30%), 41 to 50 years (16 cases of 16%), 51 to 60 years (14 case of 14%) and 16 to 20 years (4 cases of 4%). Evidence of dental infections was found in 42 cases of which 26 cases (18 males, 8 females) were having dental caries, 58 (58%) patients had no evidence of dental infection.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Urticaria may be considered to be a pattern of reaction to many different stimuli, as suggested by unpredictable remissions and exacerbations. Many of the dental infections go unnoticed in chronic urticaria, we have found a high prevalence (42%) of these infections in our study.</p>
Current Drugs with Potential for Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review
Authors: Md Insiat Islam Rabby  
Published: April 2020

Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. No vaccine or approved drug is available to eradicate the virus, however, some drugs that are indicated for other afflictions seems to be potentially beneficial to treat the infection albeit without unequivocal evidence. The aim of this article is to review the published background on the effectiveness of these drugs against COVID-19 Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on recently published studies which have published between January 1 to March 25, 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched Results: A total 22 articles were found eligible. 8 discuss about treatment outcomes from their applied drugs during treatment of COVID-19 patients, 4 report laboratory tests, one report animal trial and other 9 articles discuss recommendations and suggestions based on the treatment process and clinical outcomes of other diseases such as malaria, ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The data and/or recommendations are categorized in 4 classes: (a) anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs, (b) anti-malaria drugs, (c) traditional Chinese drugs and (d) other treatments/drugs. Conclusion: All examined treatments, although potentiality effective against COVID-19, need either appropriate drug development or clinical trial to be suitable for clinical use.
Studying the Flux Density of Bright Active Galaxies at Different Spectral Bands
Authors: Et al. Rashed 
Published: April 2020

Statistical studies are reported in this article for an active galactic nuclei sample of different type of active galaxies Seyferts 1, Seyferts 2, and Quasars. These sources have been selected from a Catalogue for bright X-ray galaxies. The name of this index is ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue (RBSC) and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). In this research, multi-wavelength observational bands Radio at 1.4 GHz, Optical at 4400 A0, and X-ray at energy 0.1-2.4 KeV have been adopted in this study. The behavior of flux density ratios has been studied , with respect to the absolute magnitude . Furthermore, the Seyfert1 and Seyfert 2 objects are combined in one group and the QSOs are collectest in another group. Also, it has been found that the ratios , are increasing towards fainter optical absolute magnitude especially in Quasars.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND CRIMINALIZATION OF HATE SPEECH IN SPAIN: EVOLUTION, IMPACT AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE COMPLIANCE AND SELF-CENSORSHIP
Authors: Miró Llinares Fernando , Gómez Bellvís Ana B. 
Published: April 2020

The popularization of social media as a forum for the expression of ideas and for political debate has increased in recent years the, always present, tension between freedom of expression and public control of offensive or dangerous speech. Many democratic states criminalise hate speech and other types of offensive expression, and now are social Media themselves that can exercise prior censorship over content on the basis of similar rules but much more restrictive and ambiguous. Combining normative analysis with empirical methodologies, this paper analyses, focusing on Spain, the implications that Criminal laws and "community guidelines" have on citizens' decisions to express themselves freely, which is fundamental for the configuration of a real democracy. It is made up of two studies: the first traces the evolution of judicial resolutions in Spain that prosecute possible crimes of terrorism and hate for political expression on social networks, as a result of the popularisation of these since 2014 in concurrence with a broad and ambiguous legislation. The results show a significant growth of state control over expressions that are essentially offensive but that, in most cases, do not represent a clear and present danger and could go beyond the doctrine of the ECHR. In the second part, an empirical study is carried out to analyse how the existence of hate speech crimes and social media rules affects the decision to express political ideas on social networks or to self-censor. The results show that a large part of the sample is self-censoring but that criminal law and content rules, in particular the severity of the law and the certainty that it is applied, do not have a direct effect on the decision to express ideas on the Internet, while the social perception of what others do is decisive. It is discussed how this calls into question the legitimacy of the evident limitation of freedom of expression of some crimes in Spain.
Research on Emergency Management of Pharmaceutical Care in Designated Hospital for Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Liu Xiu-lan , Liu Yi , Lin Qiu , Pan Luo , Jingjin Jin , Jianling Zheng , Liu Dong , Li Juan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) was entered into the critical period of epidemic prevention. Our hospital was designated as a hospital for severe pneumonia in Wuhan. Timely and effective pharmaceutical emergency support system is of great significance for the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19. Method:In order to ensure COVID-19 patients' medication needs and ensure the safety treatment, we focus on the key points and difficult problems in the practice of pharmaceutical management during the period of COVID-19, and then formulate appropriate pharmaceutical emergency support system combined with clinical practice. Results:The pharmaceutical department quickly launched the emergency mechanism, formulated the key drug catalog for COVID-19, purchased some treatment drugs, reformed the emergency pharmacy process, established the donated drug management system, established the pharmacist consultation team, set up the "cloud pharmacy" for patients with chronic diseases other than COVID-19, and strengthened pharmacist protection management. Conclusion:During the period of COVID-19, the pharmaceutical administration is a professional, comprehensive, complex and systematic emergency project to ensure the drug supply and safety administration.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Gene Expression determine the abundance of circulatory Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) in Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD) Patients
Authors: Sen Atanu , Vemparala Kranthi , Roy Ambuj , Bahl Vinay Kumar , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Sinha Subrata , Re Kolli Srinath , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives Several studies has reported a reduced circulatory level and impaired functionality of EPCs in CAD patients and the role of eNOS in relation with reduced circulatory level of EPC and their impaired functionality has been revealed by in vitro and animal studies. However EPC’s eNOS gene expression profile in in vivo condition in PCAD patients is yet to be revealed as the prevalence of CAD at young age is markedly increased in developing countries. Our previous study has already reported a significantly reduced circulatory level of EPC in PCAD patients compared to control subjects and in continuation of that finding, present study aimed to investigate the eNOS gene expression of EPC in same study subjects as well as to establish the association between EPC’s eNOS gene expression and reduced circulatory level of EPC in PCAD patients. Results Reduced eNOS gene expression in EPC from PCAD patients compared to healthy controls were found (0.998±0.096/1.063±0.107) with a p-value of 0.002 and this difference was persistent even after adjusting for confounding factors (p=0.002). A positive correlation was found between eNOS gene expression and level of CD34+/KDR+ cells in circulation (r = 0.234 and p = 0.0664); data from previous study.
The association between public service motivation, work engagement and work attitudes among Chinese employees from community health service centers
Authors: gan kaipeng , Lin Yun , Wang Qiu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Public service motivation (PSM) is regarded as an important psychological resource to enhance public employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and lower their turnover intention. Although the relationship between PSM and individual performance has been examined extensively in previous studies, the results regarding the links between these factors still remain inconsistent. Our empirical study provides some practical implications for policy makers to improve employees’ PSM through various formal or informal occupational training. Methods We conducted a survey with 468 employees in 16 community health service centers in Yunnan province , southwest China . The associations between PSM, work engagement and work attitudes were assessed by some statistical methods including Pearson correlation, confirmatory factory analysis and structural equation modeling . Results Employees’ PSM had a direct positive effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment respectively, but it had a direct negative effect on turnover intention. Moreover, PSM increased employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and lowered employees’ turnover intention through work engagement. Conclusion The results suggest that managers in the community health service centers should assess job applicants’ PSM levels in in recruitment and selection procedures and enhance employees’ PSM levels through various occupational training. Further, considering the role of work engagement in shaping employees’ work attitudes, policy makers should attach importance to the promoting of employees’ work engagement.