bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work systems analysis of sterile processing: assembly
Authors: Alfred Myrtede , Catchpole Ken , Huffer Emily , Fredendall Larry , Taaffe Kevin M 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSterile processing departments (SPDs) play a crucial role in surgical safety and efficiency. SPDs clean instruments to remove contaminants (decontamination), inspect and reorganise instruments into their correct trays (assembly), then sterilise and store instruments for future use (sterilisation and storage). However, broken, missing or inappropriately cleaned instruments are a frequent problem for surgical teams. These issues should be identified and corrected during the assembly phase.ObjectiveA work systems analysis, framed within the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, was used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the assembly stage of reprocessing, identify the range of work challenges and uncover the inter-relationship among system components influencing reliable instrument reprocessing.MethodsThe study was conducted at a 700-bed academic hospital in the Southeastern United States with two reprocessing facilities from October 2017 to October 2018. Fifty-six hours of direct observations, 36 interviews were used to iteratively develop the work systems analysis. This included the process map and task analysis developed to describe the assembly system, the abstraction hierarchy developed to identify the possible performance shaping factors (based on SEIPS) and a variance matrix developed to illustrate the relationship among the tasks, performance shaping factors, failures and outcomes. Operating room (OR) reported tray defect data from July 2016 to December 2017 were analysed to identify the percentage and types of defects across reprocessing phases the most common assembly defects.ResultsThe majority of the 3900 tray defects occurred during the assembly phase; impacting 5% of surgical cases (n=41 799). Missing instruments, which could result in OR delays and increased surgical duration, were the most commonly reported assembly defect (17.6%, n=700). High variability was observed in the reassembling of trays with failures including adding incorrect instruments, omitting instruments and failing to remove damaged instrument. These failures were precipitated by technological shortcomings, production pressures, tray composition, unstandardised instrument nomenclature and inadequate SPD staff training.ConclusionsSupporting patient safety, minimising tray defects and OR delays and improving overall reliability of instrument reprocessing require a well-designed instrument tracking system, standardised nomenclature, effective coordination of reprocessing tasks between SPD and the OR and well-trained sterile processing technicians.
Comparison of outcome of patients with acute minor ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous t-PA, DAPT or aspirin
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhou Mengyuan , Pan Yuesong , Meng Xia , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Wang Zhimin , Wang Yilong 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundWhether to treat minor stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) treatment or antiplatelet therapy is a dilemma. Our study aimed to explore whether intravenous t-PA treatment, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and aspirin have different efficacies on outcomes in patients with minor stroke.MethodsA post hoc analysis of patients with acute minor stroke treated with intravenous t-PA within 4.5 hours from a nationwide multicentric electronic medical record and patients with acute minor stroke treated with DAPT and aspirin from the Clopidogrel with Aspirin in Acute Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Database. Minor stroke was defined by a score of 0–3 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at randomisation. Favourable functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1 or 0–2 at 3 months).ResultsCompared with those treated with intravenous t-PA, no significant association with 3-month favourable functional outcome (defined as mRS score of 0–1) was found neither in patients treated with aspirin (87.8% vs 89.4%; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.50; p=0.53) nor those treated with DAPT (87.4% vs 89.4%; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.52; p=0.56). Similar results were observed for the favourable functional outcome defined as mRS score of 0–2 at 3 months.ConclusionsIn our study, no significant advantage of intravenous t-PA over DAPT or aspirin was found. Due to insufficient sample size, our study is probably unable to draw such a conclusion that that intravenous t-PA was superior or non-superior to DAPT.
Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance
Authors: Whitfield Jamie , Harris Roger C. , Broad Elizabeth M. , Patterson Alison K. , Ross Megan L.R. , Shaw Gregory , Spriet Lawrence L. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: October 2020

This study determined if supplementation with pantothenic acid (PA) for 16 weeks could increase skeletal muscle coenzyme A (CoASH) content and exercise performance. Trained male cyclists (n = 14) were matched into control or PA (6 g·day−1) groups. At 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, subjects performed an incremental time to exhaustion cycle with muscle biopsies taken prior to and following exercise. Prolonged PA supplementation did not change skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl-CoA contents or exercise performance. Novelty: Supplementation with pantothenic acid for 16 weeks had no effect on skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl-CoA content or exercise performance in trained male cyclists.
Boundary contributions of on-shell recursion relations with multiple-line deformation
Authors: Hu Chang , Li Xiao-Di , Li Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe on-shell recursion relation has been recognized as a powerful tool for calculating tree-level amplitudes in quantum field theory, but it does not work well when the residue of the deformed amplitude $$\hat{A}(z)$$

A
^

(
z
)

does not vanish at infinity of z. However, in such a situation, we still can get the right amplitude by computing the boundary contribution explicitly. In Arkani-Hamed and Kaplan (JHEP 04:076. 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/076. arXiv:0801.2385, 2008), the background field method was first used to analyze the boundary behaviors of amplitudes with two deformed external lines in different theories. The same method has been generalized to calculate the explicit boundary operators of some amplitudes with BCFW-like deformation in Jin and Feng (JHEP 04:123. 10.1007/JHEP04(2016)123. arXiv:1507.00463, 2016). In this paper, we will take a step further to generalize the method to the case of multiple-line deformation, and to show how the boundary behaviors (even the boundary contributions) can be extracted in the method.
Asymptotic symmetries of Maxwell Chern–Simons gravity with torsion
Authors: Adami H. , Concha P. , Rodríguez E. , Safari H. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a three-dimensional Chern–Simons gravity based on a deformation of the Maxwell algebra. This symmetry allows introduction of a non-vanishing torsion to the Maxwell Chern–Simons theory, whose action recovers the Mielke–Baekler model for particular values of the coupling constants. By considering suitable boundary conditions, we show that the asymptotic symmetry is given by the $$\widehat{{\mathfrak {bms}}}_3\oplus {\mathfrak {vir}}$$

bms
^

3

⊕
vir

algebra with three independent central charges.
Maria Graham and the Chilean earthquake of 1822: contextualizing the first female-authored article in
Transactions of the Geological Society
Authors: Thompson Carl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter explores the background to the first female-authored article in the
Transactions of the Geological Society
(published in 1824) and outlines the controversy later caused by the article. The author, Maria Graham (1785–1842), has generally been assumed not to have been a geologist herself, and is therefore often excluded from discussions of women's early contributions to geology. This chapter demonstrates that this was not the case, and that Graham had a strong interest in geology and some competence in the discipline. It further situates Graham in a flourishing culture of early nineteenth-century ‘polite science’, and argues that the episode, when parsed correctly, demonstrates the perhaps surprising extent to which women were able to participate in contemporary geological enquiry and debate, even as they undoubtedly laboured under considerable disadvantages compared with their male counterparts.
Locating-Total Domination Number of Cacti Graphs
Authors: Wei Jianxin , Ahmad Uzma , Hameed Saira , Hanif Javaria 
Published: October 2020

For a connected graph J, a subset

W
⊆
V

J

is termed as a locating-total dominating set if for

a
∈
V

J

,

N

a

∩
W
≠
ϕ

, and for

a
,

b
∈
V

J

−
W
,

N

a

∩
W
≠
N

b

∩
W

. The number of elements in a smallest such subset is termed as the locating-total domination number of J. In this paper, the locating-total domination number of unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs are studied and their bounds are presented. Then, by using these bounds, an upper bound for cacti graphs in terms of their order and number of cycles is estimated. Moreover, the exact values of this domination variant for some families of cacti graphs including tadpole graphs and rooted products are also determined.
Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4–Mediated Fatty Acid Metabolism Sustains Androgen Receptor Pathway–Independent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ma Yongjie , Zhang Xiaohan , Alsaidan Omar Awad , Yang Xiangkun , Sulejmani Essilvo , Zha Junyi , Beharry Zanna , Huang Hanwen , Bartlett Michael , Lewis Zachary , Cai Houjian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy has led to elevated cases of androgen receptor (AR) pathway–independent prostate cancer with dysregulated fatty acid metabolism. However, it is unclear how prostate cancer cells sustain dysregulated fatty acid metabolism to drive AR-independent prostate cancer. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze the conversion of fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoAs that are required for fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrate that expression levels of ACSL3 and 4 were oppositely regulated by androgen–AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. AR served as a transcription suppressor to bind at the ACSL4 promoter region and inhibited its transcription. Inhibition of androgen–AR signaling significantly downregulated ACSL3 and PSA, but elevated ACSL4 levels. ACSL4 regulated a broad spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA levels, and its catalytic efficiency in fatty acyl-CoAs biosynthesis was about 1.9- to 4.3-fold higher than ACSL3. In addition, in contrast to ACSL3, ACSL4 significantly regulated global protein myristoylation or myristoylation of Src kinase in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of ACSL4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft growth of AR-independent prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest that the surge of ACSL4 levels by targeting AR signaling increases fatty acyl-CoAs biosynthesis and protein myristoylation, indicating the opposite, yet complementary or Yin-Yang regulation of ACSL3 and 4 levels in sustaining fatty acid metabolism when targeting androgen–AR signaling. This study reveals a mechanistic understanding of ACSL4 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of AR-independent prostate cancer.

Implications:
AR coordinately regulates the expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4, such that AR pathway–independent prostate tumors become dependent on ACSL4-mediated fatty acid metabolism.
Entre o querer e o não querer
Authors: Silva Corrêa Diogo 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é um estudo sobre a trajetória de vida e as modificações de si de um único ator, a partir dos processos de transformação ocorridos, nas últimas décadas, nas favelas cariocas, focando-se na relação entre evangélicos e traficantes de droga. Com base em uma etnografia de quase dois anos na Cidade de Deus, defendo que a religião e o tráfico se apresentam sob a modalidade de formas de vida que se emaranham e se transformam mutuamente. Para isso, desenvolvo o que chamo de sociologia dos problemas íntimos, isto é, uma metodologia que visa a apreender um único convertido através de seus problemas. Argumento, por fim, que essa análise do processo de transformação, em uma escala bem individual, me permite reelaborar o conceito de conversão para além de um “conceito nativo” religioso e da narrativa clássica da conversão.
Elementar: Antonio Candido, inventor do inventivo Sérgio Buarque de Holanda
Authors: Madureira Maia Vinícius , Marques Rodrigues Kadma 
Published: October 2020

Ao reconstituir, com base em diversas fontes documentais (inclusive inéditas, ao que consta), a longa relação de camaradagem entre Antonio Candido e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, discorre--se, no presente artigo, sobre o papel daquele crítico literário para a ulterior afirmação de Raízes do Brasil no cenário das ideias brasileiras. Conclui-se que a amizade entre ambos os intelectuais foi decisiva para a sagração desse livro – e, decerto, a de seu autor – como clássico da literatura nacional não ficcional.
¿Requiem para Solari?
Authors: Markarian Vania 
Published: October 2020

En la segunda mitad de los sesenta, con la renuncia de Aldo Solari al Instituto de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de la República, una nueva generación de cientistas sociales intentó dar un cambio de rumbo radical a ese espacio académico. Este artículo analiza las razones del alejamiento de Solari y plantea diferencias entre modos de entender el estudio de lo social en esos años. Asume un énfasis político-institucional para estudiar la articulación de esas posturas con los procesos contemporáneos de transformación estructural de la universidad y las actividades de organizaciones internacionales que promovían el cultivo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina. Todos esos intentos se frustaron con el golpe de Estado de 1973. Justo allí se detiene este texto.
Literatura e audiovisual em José Mauro de Vasconcelos
Authors: Leão Andrea Borges , Farias Edson 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo abre um debate sobre as condições de circulação e recepção transnacional das obras como fator de diferenciação nas carreiras literarias nacionais. O objetivo central é mostrar de que modo as dinâmicas da tradução funcionam como recursos possíveis para reconhecimento e consagração, considerando escritores posicionados nas margens da produção simbólica nacional. O percurso do escritor José Mauro de Vasconcelos, cuja obra descreve movimentos entre a literatura e o audiovisual a partir de 1950, estabelece relações explicativas de alto rendimento analítico com a problemática da recepção transnacional da produção brasileira. A confluência e a transferência entre cânones nacionais, além de aproximar escalas de observação dos regimes de autoria, vinculam-se à circulação da literatura popular sentimental para além dela mesma.
Coelho Netto, o “homem com profissão”
Authors: Da Rosa Bordignon Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo dedica-se ao exame das experiências sociais, escolares e culturais que marcam a trajetória de Henrique Maximiano Coelho Netto, e são a base para suas estratégias de carreira e concepções do trabalho intelectual. A partir da mobilização de um conjunto de materiais biográficos e autobiográficos, são explorados os condicionantes e as disposições que contribuem na conformação de uma posição específica, da qual Coelho Netto é o caso exemplar.
tPA Mobilizes Immune Cells That Exacerbate Hemorrhagic Transformation in Stroke
Authors: Shi Kaibin , Zou Ming , Jia Dong-Mei , Shi Samuel , Yang Xiaoxia , Liu Qiang , Dong Jing-fei , Sheth Kevin N. , Wang Xiaoying , Shi Fu-Dong 
Published: October 2020

Rationale:
Hemorrhagic complications represent a major limitation of intravenous thrombolysis using tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in patients with ischemic stroke. The expression of tPA receptors on immune cells raises the question of what effects tPA exerts on these cells and whether these effects contribute to thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic transformation.

Objective:
We aim to determine the impact of tPA on immune cells and investigate the association between observed immune alteration with hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients and in a rat model of embolic stroke.

Methods and Results:
Paired blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after tPA infusion from 71 patients with ischemic stroke. Control blood samples were collected from 27 ischemic stroke patients without tPA treatment. A rat embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion model was adopted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hemorrhagic transformation. We report that tPA induces a swift surge of circulating neutrophils and T cells with profoundly altered molecular features in ischemic stroke patients and a rat model of focal embolic stroke. tPA exacerbates endothelial injury, increases adhesion and migration of neutrophils and T cells, which are associated with brain hemorrhage in rats subjected to embolic stroke. Genetic ablation of annexin A2 in neutrophils and T cells diminishes the effect of tPA on these cells. Decoupling the interaction between mobilized neutrophils/T cells and the neurovascular unit, achieved via a S1PR (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor) 1 modulator RP101075 and a CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) synthesis inhibitor bindarit, which block lymphocyte egress and myeloid cell recruitment, respectively, attenuates hemorrhagic transformation and improves neurological function after tPA thrombolysis.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that immune invasion of the neurovascular unit represents a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying tPA-mediated brain hemorrhage, which can be overcome by precise immune modulation during thrombolytic therapy.
Exercise Training-Induced Repolarization Abnormalities Masquerading as Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Dagradi Federica , Spazzolini Carla , Castelletti Silvia , Pedrazzini Matteo , Kotta Maria-Christina , Crotti Lia , Schwartz Peter J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS) is rather straightforward. We were surprised by realizing that, despite long-standing experience, we were making occasional diagnostic errors by considering as affected subjects who, over time, resulted as not affected. These individuals were all actively practicing sports—an observation that helped in the design of our study.

Methods:
We focused on subjects referred to our center by sports medicine doctors on suspicion of LQTS because of marked repolarization abnormalities on the ECG performed during the mandatory medical visit necessary in Italy to obtain the certificate of eligibility to practice sports. They all underwent our standard procedures involving both a resting and 12-lead ambulatory ECG, an exercise stress test, and genetic screening.

Results:

There were 310 such consecutive subjects, all actively practicing sports with many hours of intensive weekly training. Of them, 111 had a normal ECG, different cardiac diseases, or were lost to follow-up and exited the study. Of the remaining 199, all with either clear QTc prolongation and/or typical repolarization abnormalities, 121 were diagnosed as affected based on combination of ECG abnormalities with positive genotyping (QTc, 482±35 ms). Genetic testing was negative in 78 subjects, but 45 were nonetheless diagnosed as affected by LQTS based on unequivocal ECG abnormalities (QTc, 472±33 ms). The remaining 33, entirely asymptomatic and with a negative family history, showed an unexpected and practically complete normalization of the ECG abnormalities (their QTc shortened from 492±37 to 423±25 ms [
P
<0.001]; their Schwartz score went from 3.0 to 0.06) after detraining. They were considered not affected by congenital LQTS and are henceforth referred to as “cases.” Furthermore, among them, those who resumed similarly heavy physical training showed reappearance of the repolarization abnormalities.

Conclusion:
It is not uncommon to suspect LQTS among individuals actively practicing sports based on marked repolarization abnormalities. Among those who are genotype-negative, >40% normalize their ECG after detraining, but the abnormalities tend to recur with resumption of training. These individuals are not affected by congenital LQTS but could have a form of acquired LQTS. Care should be exercised to avoid diagnostic errors.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Medium Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Pérez-García Carlos , Moreu Manuel , Rosati Santiago , Simal Patricia , Egido Jose Antonio , Gomez-Escalonilla Carlos , Arrazola Juan 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Mechanical thrombectomy techniques for intracranial medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs) have evolved in recent years, although the optimal approach is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in MeVOs using mini (0.017 inches microcatheter compatible) stent retrievers combined with low-profile (0.035 inches distal inner diameter) distal aspiration catheters through the blind exchange/mini-pinning (BEMP) technique compared with mini stent retrievers alone.

Methods:
Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients treated with the BEMP technique or mini stent retriever alone for intracranial MeVOs from 2017 to 2020 in a comprehensive stroke center. Both groups were compared about baseline characteristics, occlusion site, clinical presentation, clot cause, procedural outcomes (MeVO first-pass and final expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score, the mini stent retriever used, number of passes with the front-line approach, and need of rescue therapy), safety outcomes (emboli to unwanted territories and hemorrhagic complications), and clinical outcomes at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with potential predictors of vessel recanalization to find independent variables associated with MeVO first-pass expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2c/3 recanalization.

Results:

We reviewed 102 patients/106 MeVOs treated with the BEMP technique (n=56) or mini stent retriever (n=50). There was a higher rate of MeVO first-pass expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2c/3 recanalization (57% versus 34%,
P
=0.017), lower need of rescue therapy (7.1% versus 22%,
P
=0.028), and lower rate of emboli to new territory (1.8% versus 12%,
P
=0.035) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (1.9% versus 12.8%,
P
=0.038) with the BEMP technique. After multivariable analysis, the sole independent factor associated to MeVO first-pass expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2c/3 recanalization was the BEMP technique (odds ratio, 2.72 [95% CI, 1.19–6.22];
P
=0.018).

Conclusions:
In the setting of MeVOs, the BEMP technique may lead to higher rates of the first-pass recanalization and a lower incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage than mini stent retrievers alone.