bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking and the risk of COVID-19 in a large observational population study
Authors: Israel Ariel , Feldhamer Elan , Lahad Amnon , Levin-Zamir Diane , Lavie Gil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmokers are generally more susceptible to infectious respiratory diseases and are at higher risk of developing severe complications from these infections. Conflicting reports exist regarding the impact of smoking on the risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).METHODSWe carried out a population-based study among over 3,000,000 adult members of Clalit Health Services, the largest health provider in Israel. Since the beginning of the disease outbreak, and until May 16, 2020, over 145,000 adults underwent RT-PCR testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and 3.3% had positive results. We performed a case-control study among patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing, to assess the impact of smoking on infection incidence and severity. Individuals with positive tests were matched in a 1:5 ratio to individuals tested negative, of the same sex, age, and ethnicity/religion. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to evaluate odds ratios for current and previous smoking on the risk of testing positive. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed among patients infected with COVID-19 to estimate the association between smoking and fatal or severe disease requiring ventilation. Regressions were performed with and without adjustment for preexisting medical conditions.RESULTSCurrent smokers (9.8%) were significantly less prevalent among members tested positive compared to the general population (19.4%, P<0.001), and to matched members tested negative (18.2%, P<0.001). Current smoking was associated with significantly reduced odds ratio (OR) for testing positive OR=0.447 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.400-0.501). Among patients tested positive, there was no evidence of significantly increased risk of developing severe or fatal disease.CONCLUSIONThe risk of infection by COVID-19 appears to be reduced by half among current smokers. This intriguing finding may reveal unique infection mechanisms present for COVID-19 which may be targeted to combat the disease and reduce its infection rate.
Rapid systematic review on clinical evidence of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: critical assessment and recommendation for future clinical trials
Authors: Wang Yitong , Liang Shuyao , Qiu Tingting , Han Ru , Dabbous Monique , Nowotarska Anna , Toumi Mondher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to critically assess the published studies of Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the treatment of COVID-19 and provide recommendations for future clinical trials for the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodA rapid systematic review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases on April 13, 2020. Three clinical trial registry platforms, includingClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and the Chinese Clinical Trial Register were also complementarily searched.ResultsA total of 10 clinical studies were identified, including 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 comparative nonrandomized trial, 5 single-arm trials, and 1 interim analysis. The heterogeneity among studies of the baseline disease severity and reported endpoints made a pooled analysis impossible. CQ and HCQ (with or without azithromycin) showed significant therapeutic benefit in terms of virologic clearance rate, improvement in symptoms and imaging findings, time to clinical recovery, and length of hospital stay in 1 RCT, 4 single-arm trials, and the interim analysis, whereas no treatment benefit of CQ or HCQ was observed in the remaining 4 studies. Limitations of the included studies ranged from small sample size, to insufficient information concerning baseline patient characteristics, to potential for selection bias without detailing the rationale for exclusion, and presence of confounding factors.ConclusionBased on the studies evaluated, there still lacked solid evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ as a treatment for COVID-19 with or without azithromycin. This emphasized the importance of robust RCTs investing HCQ/CQ to address the evidence uncertainties.
The dynamic stimulus of social media marketing on purchase intention of Indonesian airline products and services
Authors: Moslehpour Massoud , Dadvari Alaleh , Nugroho Wahyudi , Do Ben-Roy 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe present paper aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of social media marketing (SMM) subsets on consumers’ purchase intentions of Indonesian airline products and services. We propose a research framework to empirically test the influence and interaction of factors, including entertainment (ENT), and interaction (INT) through the effect of trust (TR), and perceived value (PV) as mediators on purchase intention (PI).Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an online survey to collect data. We collect 301 qualified questionnaires and employ structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model. The research findings enrich our understanding of the mediating role of TR and PV. Trust and perceived value significantly mediate the relationship between SMM factors and PI during initial stages of decision-making toward purchasing airline products and services.FindingsResearch findings provide support for most hypotheses regarding the significant influence of the variables proposed in the model. Furthermore, trust mediates the relationship between two of the SMM factors (INT and ENT) and purchase intention. Notably, perceived value mediates the link between entertainment and purchase intention.Originality/valueThis study successfully offers a model to examine the influence of social media marketing on Indonesian consumers’ purchasing intentions of airline products and services. Social media marketing components progressively impact the fundamentals of purchase intention, creating a new marketing communication style. These changes generate new opportunities and challenges for companies. This study provides a better understanding of how social media factors influence Indonesian consumers’ initial decision to purchase airline products and services.
When and why do negative organization-related career shocks impair career optimism? A conditional indirect effect model
Authors: Hofer Annabelle , Spurk Daniel , Hirschi Andreas 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study investigates when and why negative organization-related career shocks affect career optimism, which is a positive career-planning attitude. The indirect effect of negative organization-related career shocks on career optimism via job insecurity and the role of perceived organizational career support as a first-stage moderator were investigated.Design/methodology/approachThree-wave time-lagged data from a sample of 728 employees in Switzerland was used. Time-lagged correlations, an indirect effect model and a conditional indirect effect model with bootstrapping were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsFirst, this study showed a significant negative correlation between negative organization-related career shocks (T1) and career optimism (T3), a positive correlation between negative organization-related career shocks (T1) and job insecurity (T2) and a negative correlation between job insecurity (T2) and career optimism (T3). Second, findings revealed that negative organization-related career shocks (T1) have a negative indirect effect on career optimism (T3) via job insecurity (T2). Third, perceived organizational career support (T1) buffers the indirect effect of negative organization-related career shocks (T1) on career optimism (T3).Originality/valueThis study provides an initial examination of the relationship between negative organization-related career shocks and career optimism by applying assumptions from the JD-R model and Conservation of Resources theory. Implications about how to deal with negative career shocks in HRM and career counseling are discussed.
Comparative analysis of FDI by Indian and Chinese MNEs in Europe
Authors: Avioutskii Viatcheslav , Tensaout Mouloud 
Published: June 2020

PurposeExploration of potential markets in foreign regions such as Europe becomes critical for emerging market multinational enterprises (MNEs). This study aims to investigate structural factors that affect the location choice of Chinese and Indian MNEs in Europe and compares them with USA and Japanese MNEs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a holistic approach to identify possible configurations of the determinants of Indian and Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) into 38 European countries. The authors test two configurations as follows: knowledge-seeking by Chinese and Indian MNEs in “non-predictable” markets; market-seeking by USA and Japanese MNEs.FindingsThe findings reveal several strategies deployed in Europe by Chinese and Indian MNEs that are more specific than the pure strategies identified in the literature (e.g. market-seeking, knowledge-seeking). More importantly, unlike USA and Japanese MNEs, the findings confirm a two-stage strategy hypothesis for Chinese MNEs in Europe. Additionally, they show that the quality of institutions and infrastructure underlies the attractiveness of a territory.Research limitations/implicationsMultilevel configurational research might have also been used to consider firm- and industry-level determinants.Practical implicationsGood governance positively affects the entire set of locational determinants. In addition, good infrastructure and institutions are necessary conditions for a country to attract FDI inflow.Originality/valueRecent internationalization models have been useful in identifying drivers of FDI by emerging market multinational enterprises vs advanced market multinational enterprises in Europe. This study mobilizes a comparative configurational approach.
Analysis of an extended two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model considering mixed traffic flow and self-stabilization effect
Authors: Wang Ting , Cheng Rongjun , Ge Hongxia 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the mixed traffic flow, self-stabilization effect and the lane changing behavior on traffic flow stability.

Design/methodology/approach
An extended two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model considering mixed traffic flow and self-stabilization effect is proposed in this paper. Through linear analysis, the stability conditions of the extended model are derived. Then, the nonlinear analysis of the model is carried out by using the perturbation theory, the modified Kortweg–de Vries equation of the density of the blocking area is derived and the kink–antikink solution about the density is obtained. Furthermore, the results of theoretical analysis are verified by numerical simulation.

Findings
The results of numerical simulation show that the increase of the proportion of vehicles with larger maximum speed or larger safe headway in the mix flow are not conducive to the stability of traffic flow, while the self-stabilization effect and lane changing behavior is positive to the alleviation of traffic congestion.

Research limitations/implications
This paper does not take into account the factors such as curve and slope in the actual road environment, which will have more or less influence on the stability of traffic flow, so there is still a certain gap with the real traffic environment.

Originality/value
The existing two-lane lattice hydrodynamic models are rarely discussed in the case of mixed traffic flow. The improved model proposed in this paper can better reflect the actual traffic, which can also provide a theoretical reference for the actual traffic governance.
Toward the development of a model of student usage of MOOCs
Authors: Fianu Eli , Blewett Craig , Ampong George Oppong 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe study seeks to investigate the factors that influence MOOC usage by students in tertiary institutes in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachAs this study sought both to test existing UTAUT variables and potentially identify additional variables impacting MOOC usage, a mixed method approach was used. The quantitative study was used to test the significance of UTAUT variables on MOOC usage while the qualitative study was conducted to validate the quantitative results and potentially determine additional factors impacting MOOC usage.FindingsThe results of the quantitative data analysis showed that computer self-efficacy, performance expectancy and system quality had a significant influence on MOOC usage intention. Facilitating conditions, instructional quality and MOOC usage intention were found to have a significant influence on actual MOOC usage. The results of the qualitative data analysis showed that information-seeking behaviour and functional Internet access were dominant non-UTAUT factors that influence actual MOOC usage, while teacher motivation was a dominant non-UTAUT factor that influenced MOOC usage intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe study employed a non-probability sampling technique which imposes limitations on the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the study was conducted in two out of the ten geographical and administration regions of Ghana; this also imposes limitations on the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsIt is important that lecturers and university management find ways of motivating students to participate in MOOCs. Lecturers can influence students to use MOOCs if they regularly and persistently spur the students on to use MOOCs. Lecturers can also adopt other innovative strategies such as posting MOOC information on student noticeboards, the formation of MOOC clubs and the commissioning of MOOC champions on campuses.Social implicationsThe significance of functional Internet access in MOOC usage implies that good Internet connectivity is critical for online learning in developing countries. Regulators of Internet service providers must enforce strict adherence to quality of service standards regarding the provision of Internet service. The Internet service pricing regime must favour the use of the Internet for learning purposes.Originality/valueThe study adopted a mixed method approach to explore MOOC usage in a West African university context. The non-significance of two key UTAUT variables (effort expectancy and social influence) points to a key difference between the application of adoption and usage models to information systems compared to e-learning systems. Additionally, three other variables, namely information-seeking behaviour, functional Internet access and teacher motivation, were found to impact MOOC usage. The study presents a model of MOOC usage (MMU).
Personality trait determinants of frontline employee customer orientation and job performance: a Russian study
Authors: Ashill Nicholas J. , Semaan Rania W. , Gibbs Tanya , Gazley Aaron 
Published: May 2020

PurposeDespite major market-orientated reforms to enhance the competitive advantage of Russian domestic firms, the antecedents and consequences of frontline employee (FLE) customer orientation (CO) remain poorly understood. Acknowledging this paucity of research, the authors draw upon a hierarchical model of personality to examine personality trait determinants of CO and job performance in the context of the Russian financial services sector.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 186 FLEs using a self-administered survey questionnaire and analyzed using AMOS.FindingsThe results identify which basic personality traits matter in translating FLE CO behavior into higher job performance in the Russian retail-banking sector.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study include the generalizability of the findings within one organizational context. Future research should examine whether the found associations hold true for FLEs working in other service sectors in other parts of the country.Practical implicationsStudy findings differ significantly to Western-based research and provide valuable insight into the process that motivates Russian FLEs in a commercial retail setting to perform better in their jobs.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study that employs a hierarchical model of the effects of basic personality traits on FLE CO and job performance in a former socialist/communist economy. We also advance existing research on FLE CO by distinguishing between two types of CO behavior. Findings provide an understanding of those personality traits that affect the ability of Russian FLEs to better satisfy customer needs and to interact and serve customers in an enjoyable way.
Investing in IT: a new method for improving the efficiency of contract governance in interfirm relationships
Authors: Zhang Tao , Qian Liping 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to enhance our understanding of how advanced IT improves the efficiency of contract governance in mitigating partners' opportunistic behaviors in interfirm cooperation and the moderating effects of boundary spanners' personal relationships and cooperative orientation.Design/methodology/approachContract governance is divided into two subdimensions: contract completeness and contract execution safeguards. Then, the hypotheses are examined using partial least squares–based structural equation modeling based on survey data collected from manufacturers in supply chain relationships.FindingsThe results first demonstrate that advanced IT can improve efficiency in both the design of complete contracts and the provision of contract execution safeguards. Second, the results also show that both the personal relationships between boundary spanners and the cooperative orientation of the firm have different moderating effects. Finally, contract execution safeguards are effective in mitigating partners' opportunistic behaviors, whereas contract completeness is not.Originality/valueThis study enriches the contract governance literature in two ways. First, it unveils how advanced IT improves the efficiency of contract governance and the effects of two contingent factors (i.e. personal relationships and cooperative orientation), thus extending the research on contract governance. Second, it reveals the different effects of contract completeness and contract execution safeguards on partners' opportunistic behaviors, thus deepening our understanding of the role of contracts in interfirm cooperation.
The role of active teaching, academic self-efficacy, and learning behaviors in student performance
Authors: Andres Hayward 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate a theoretical framework that examines and extends understanding of the role of cognitive/information processing, learning motivation and learning task behaviors in facilitating student engagement, course persistence and academic performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Student subjects were used to collect survey data. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the impact of active teaching, academic self-efficacy and task avoidance on the dependent variables – course grade, course persistence and expectancy for success.

Findings
Active teaching and academic self-efficacy were positive predictors of course grade while task avoidance was a negative predictor of course grade. Course persistence was positively impacted by academic self-efficacy and diminished by task-avoidance behaviors. Academic self-efficacy was shown to positively impact expectancy for success.

Practical implications
The results confirm the importance of adopting active teaching techniques, the need for periodic opportunities for experienced academic success and the need for coaching on self-regulation of study habits and class attendance behaviors.

Originality/value
This study builds on prior calls for more investigations on the role of teaching style on student psychological responses, engagement, learning task behaviors and academic performance. The teaching and learning processes were examined on four levels – attention/engagement, encoding, processing/synthesizing and learning task behaviors. In addition, prior work was extended by incorporating behavioral indicators (e.g. task avoidance) of learning motivation as opposed to reliance on self-reported levels of motivation that may have not been consistent with actual behaviors.
Influence of induced magnetic field and slip conditions on convective Prandtl fluid flow over a stretching surface with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Meenakumari R. , Lakshminarayana P. , Vajravelu K. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe aim of the present paper is to investigate the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on Prandtl fluid flow at a stretching sheet with an induced magnetic field and slip boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe governing equations include the continuity, induced magnetic field, momentum, energy and homogeneous–heterogeneous equations. Initially, with suitable similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations and converted into a system of ordinary differential equations. Then, the nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by a shooting technique with the help of the BVC5C Matlab package.FindingsThe results of the present investigation are presented through graphs for different values of the various parameters. The authors observed that the large values of the stretching ratio and the induced magnetic parameters are moderate magnetic field, velocity and temperature primarily. Also, the authors found the more velocity and temperatures by boosting the slip parameters.Originality/valueIn addition, the values of the skin friction and the rate of heat transfer for various values of physical parameters are tabulated and deliberated in detail.
A shared perspective on managing Amazonian sustainable‐use reserves in an era of megafires
Authors: Nóbrega Spínola Jackeline , Soares da Silva Maria Jociléia , Assis da Silva Jose Risonei , Barlow Jos , Ferreira Joice 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Unprecedented forest fires are affecting large swathes of what were once fire‐free Amazonian forests, including extensive areas of community‐managed reserves. This shared overview of experiences of practitioners and researchers examines ways in which these reserves can be supported to reduce the risk of forest fires.

We highlight six considerations that are key to fire reduction: inclusive management and community leadership, adapting to demographic and cultural changes, identifying examples of good practice, socially just alternative livelihoods, forecasting and planning and bridging scientific research and innovation.

Policy implications. The escalating fire problem in Amazonia and elsewhere means we urgently need to learn from past experiences. Co‐developed ecological and social research can support novel approaches to reserve management, but achieving this will require sustained investment and ongoing dialogue between communities, managers, researchers and the government.