bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant, Anti- Inflammatory Activity and GC-MS Profiling of Avicennia alba Blume
Authors: Das Swagat K. , Dash Sagarika , Thatoi Hrudayanath , Patra Jayanta K. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Avicennia alba Blume, is a well-known mangrove plant used in traditional medicinal practices for several human ailments.Objective:The study aimed at evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of A. alba ethanolic leaf (AAL) and bark (AAB) extract along with phytochemical investigation.Methods:In vitro antidiabetic study was done by α-amylase, α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay; antioxidant study by DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and metal chelating assays, antiinflammatory study by protein denaturation assay. The cytotoxicity study was done on TC1 murine cell line. Further, GC-MS analysis was carried out for AAL extracts.Results:AAL exhibited better antidiabetic activities with IC50 values of 1.18 and 0.87 mg/ml against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes respectively. The AAL exhibited better ABTS, superoxide scavenging and metal chelating potential with IC50 values of 0.095, 0.127 and 0.444 mg/ml. However, AAB showed higher DPPH scavenging potential with IC50 value of 0.163 mg/ml. The AAL also exhibited higher protein denaturation potential with IC50 value of 0.370 mg/ml. The bark extract exhibited better cytotoxic activity as compared to leaf extracts on the TC1 murine cell line. The phytochemical study revealed higher total phenol (25.64 mg GAE/g), flavonoid (205.09 mg QE/g), and tannin content (251.17 mg GAE/g) in AAL. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds in AAL extract.Conclusion:The result of the present study highlights the antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of mangrove plant Avicennia alba.
New Anti-VEGF Drugs in Ophthalmology
Authors: Campa Claudio 
Published: April 2020

:
This review focuses on 5 new anti-VEGF drugs in the advanced stage of clinical development
(i.e., phase 3): conbercept, brolucizumab, port delivery system with ranibizumab, abicipar pegol
and faricimab.

:
Results of clinical trials and the advantages of each drug compared to the available molecules are discussed
in detail.
ANALYSIS OF INTI - PLASMA PALM OIL PLANTATION PARTNERSHIP's PERFORMANCE IN KUANTAN SINGINGI REGION
Authors: Lukman Indra Agus , Ismail Munawar , - Sasongko , Budi Dwi 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTÂ The Inti - Plasma partnership program for managing oil palm plantations in Kuantan Singingi Regency is carried out in different forms for each company and has not yet realized the roles equality of stakeholders, especially between farmers / KUD and companies. At PT. CRS and PT. SAR farmers are involved in managing farming, but at PT. TBS farmers are not involved and do not know anything about farming management. Yields and prices of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) are determined unilaterally by the company. Meanwhile, the government's role is still weak for doing supervision. Such conditions create asymmetrical information and the potential for earnings management practices to harm farmers / KUD, thus weakening partnership performance and impacting the Â farmersâ€™ welfare.This study aims to analyze and evaluate the performance of the Inti - Plasma partnership management of oil palm plantations in Kuantan Singingi Regency. The focus of the research is on the Â field research through a quantitative description analysis approach using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of AMOS 2 software. Observations were made on 5 (five) latent variables namely members participation, stakeholders role, and stakeholder character as exogenous variables, as well as KUD performance and farmer welfare as endogenous variables. The indicator for each latent variable is given based on the Likert scale (1 to 5) obtained from 258 respondents, consisting of companies, banks and farmers.Based on the results of quantitative analysis showed that the model which is compiled based on theory is marginal fit, but all indicators are able to reflect the latent variables. The members participation and the role of stakeholders proved to have a significant effect on KUD performance. Thus, the performance of KUD was very significant and had a direct effect on the farmersâ€™ welfare. Therefore, in order to improve farmersâ€™ welfare, efforts must be made to improve the performance of KUD, especially by increasing the role of farmers and KUD as stakeholders, as well as increasing farmer participation in KUD and in farming management.Â Kata Kunci : Inti-Plasma partnership, asimmetrical information, KUD performance, farmersâ€™ welfare, SEMÂ
Evaluation of the Universal Prevention Program Klasse2000 in Fourth Grade Primary School Children: Protocol for a Propensity Score-Matching Approach
Authors: Kliem Sören , Krieg Yvonne , Lohmann Anna , Mößle Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Background
Klasse2000 is the most widely adopted school-based prevention program in Germany. It addresses health promotion, addiction, and violence prevention in primary schools. As a universal prevention program, it has reached more than 1.4 million German children in the past 25 years.

Objective
The effectiveness of Klasse2000 will be evaluated with a large representative survey among students. Students who have participated in the prevention program (intervention group) will be compared with students who did not participate (control group). The comparison will cover the following outcome domains: well-being, self-esteem, emotion regulation, food habits, behavioral problems, and school and classroom atmosphere. Furthermore, victimization and perpetration regarding bullying, alcohol consumption, smoking, and media consumption are assessed.

Methods
To control for potential group differences, treatment effects will be estimated using propensity score-matching, which matches students from the intervention and control groups based on an identical propensity score or a propensity score that does not differ by more than a previously defined distance. The treatment effect will then be estimated in the matched sample taking the matching process into account.

Results
Enrollment of schools began in March 2017. A total of 6376 students participated in the survey (n=4005 in control group; n=2371 in Klasse2000). The parent survey was returned by 52.13% (3324/6376) of parents. Results are expected in mid-2020.

Conclusions
The results on the effectiveness of the Klasse2000 prevention program will form an empirical basis for legitimizing universal prevention programs and for planning future prevention approaches.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00014332; https://tinyurl.com/y2trvq4p

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14371
The Influence of Gender on the Choice of Radiology as a Specialty Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abduljabbar Ahmed H , Alnajjar Sara F , Alshamrani Hussein , Bashamakh Lujain F , Alshehri Hisham Z , Alqulayti Waleed M , Wazzan Mohammad A 
Published: April 2020

Background
Medical undergraduates are the future doctors of the country. Therefore, determining how medical students choose their areas of specialty is essential to obtain a balanced distribution of physicians among all specialties. Although gender is a significant factor that affects specialty choice, the factors underlying gender differences in radiology are not fully elucidated.

Objective
This study examined the factors that attracted medical students to and discouraged them from selecting diagnostic radiology and analyzed whether these factors differed between female and male medical students.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, used an electronic questionnaire sent to medical students from all medical years during February 2018. Subgroup analyses for gender and radiology interest were performed using the chi-square test and Cramér’s V test.

Results
In total, 539 students (276 women; 263 men) responded. The most common factor preventing students from choosing radiology as a career was the lack of direct patient contact, which deterred approximately 47% who decided against considering this specialty. Negative perceptions by other physicians (P<.001), lack of acknowledgment by patients (P=.004), and lack of structured radiology rotations (P=.007) dissuaded significantly more male students than female students. Among those interested in radiology, more female students were attracted by job flexibility (P=.01), while more male students were attracted by focused patient interactions with minimal paperwork (P<.001).

Conclusions
No significant difference was found between the genders in terms of considering radiology as a specialty. Misconception plays a central role in students’ judgment regarding radiology. Hence, early exposure to radiology, assuming a new teaching method, and using a curriculum that supports the active participation of students in a radiology rotation are needed to overcome this misconception.
A Mind-Body Physical Activity Program for Chronic Pain With or Without a Digital Monitoring Device: Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Greenberg Jonathan , Popok Paula J , Lin Ann , Kulich Ronald J , James Peter , Macklin Eric A , Millstein Rachel A , Edwards Robert R , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: April 2020

Background
Chronic pain is associated with poor physical and emotional functioning. Nonpharmacological interventions can help, but improvements are small and not sustained. Previous clinical trials do not follow recommendations to comprehensively target objectively measured and performance-based physical function in addition to self-reported physical function.

Objective
This study aimed to establish feasibility benchmarks and explore improvements in physical (self-reported, performance based, and objectively measured) and emotional function, pain outcomes, and coping through a pilot randomized controlled trial of a mind-body physical activity program (GetActive) with and without a digital monitoring device (GetActive-Fitbit), which were iteratively refined through mixed methods.

Methods
Patients with chronic pain were randomized to the GetActive (n=41) or GetActive-Fitbit (n=41) programs, which combine relaxation, cognitive behavioral, and physical restoration skills and were delivered in person. They completed in-person assessments before and after the intervention. Performance-based function was assessed with the 6-min walk test, and step count was measured with an ActiGraph.

Results
Feasibility benchmarks (eg, recruitment, acceptability, credibility, therapist adherence, adherence to practice at home, ActiGraph wear, and client satisfaction) were good to excellent and similar in both programs. Within each program, we observed improvement in the 6-min walk test (mean increase=+41 m, SD 41.15; P<.001; effect size of 0.99 SD units for the GetActive group and mean increase=+50 m, SD 58.63; P<.001; effect size of 0.85 SD units for the GetActive-Fitbit group) and self-reported physical function (P=.001; effect size of 0.62 SD units for the GetActive group and P=.02; effect size of 0.38 SD units for the GetActive-Fitbit group). The mean step count increased only among sedentary patients (mean increase=+874 steps for the GetActive group and +867 steps for the GetActive-Fitbit group). Emotional function, pain intensity, pain coping, and mindfulness also improved in both groups. Participants rated themselves as much improved at the end of the program, and those in the GetActive-Fitbit group noted that Fitbit greatly helped with increasing their activity.

Conclusions
These preliminary findings support a fully powered efficacy trial of the two programs against an education control group. We present a model for successfully using the Initiative on the Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials criteria for a comprehensive assessment of physical function and following evidence-based models to maximize feasibility before formal efficacy testing.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03412916; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03412916
A Tailored Motivational Messages Library for a Mobile Health Sleep Behavior Change Support System to Promote Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Use Among Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Development, Content Validation, and Testing
Authors: Alismail Sarah , Olfman Lorne 
Published: April 2020

Background
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the reported benefits of CPAP therapy in treating OSA, its effectiveness is reduced by less-than-optimal adherence or use. Up to 50% of patients who accept CPAP therapy fail to adhere to it. As a lack of commitment to CPAP therapy is one of the most significant factors that hinder OSA treatment effectiveness, patient motivation and education are critical to help alleviate the problem of poor CPAP adherence or use.

Objective
This study aims to support the development of mobile health interventions or information systems solutions to promote CPAP adherence and use among patients with OSA through development, content validation, and testing of tailored motivational messages.

Methods
In phase 1, an initial library of 60 messages was developed to promote CPAP use among patients with OSA. In phase 2, draft messages were evaluated for content validation testing for relevance and clarity by research and clinical experts. In phase 3, patients with OSA (N=24) were recruited through a Qualtrics panel to rate the perceived persuasiveness of the messages in terms of threat and efficacy perceptions, as per their computed extended parallel process model (EPPM) response states. The average score of the ratings was calculated for each message. The messages were sorted according to their average (from highest to lowest) to select the best 12 messages for each tailored set based on the potential responses from the EPPM.

Results
In phase 1, 60 messages were developed based on the existing literature and a review of existing materials. In phase 2, the enumerated content validity of the messages was established through the use of the content validity index for items. A total of 57 messages were found to have acceptable content relevance and clarity. In phase 3, patients with OSA perceived the final library of 48 messages to be persuasive.

Conclusions
After the process of content validation and testing, the final library of messages met the criteria for clarity, relevance, and perceived persuasiveness. This study emphasizes the importance of developing and validating the content of motivational messages, grounded in EPPM theory, across the 4 possible response states in terms of high or low efficacy and threat perceptions.
Pola Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Di SMP Negeri 5 Malang
Authors: Rahman Syaiful 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The students 'reading ability is low, it certainly affects the students' writing ability. Implementation of the School Literacy Movement is a solution to students' low reading ability. This study aims to describe the pattern of Implementation of School Literacy Movement that took place in SMP Negeri 5 Malang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type that describes the School Literacy Movement in SMP Negeri 5 Malang. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the pattern of implementation of school literacy measures in SMP Negeri 5 Malang included: 1) The habituation phase was carried out by way of students bringing reading books from home or borrowing books to the library. At this stage a class reading corner was prepared, reading 15 minutes before learning began, and a literacy journal; 2) The Development and Learning Phase increases the school resources especially at the State Junior High School 5 Malang, namely the existence of a reading corner in each class, an increase in the number of books, a 30-minute reading club, and a product of the School Literacy Movement.Keywords: School Literacy Movement, Habituation Phase, Development Phase, LearningAbstrak: Kemampuan membaca peserta didik tergolong rendah pasti berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis peserta didik. Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah menjadi solusi atas kemampuan membaca siswa yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah yang berlangsung di SMP Negeri 5 Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif yang mendeksripsikan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di SMP Negeri 5 Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola implementasi geakan literasi sekolah di SMP Negeri 5 Malang meliputi: 1) Tahap Pembiasaan dilaksanakan dengan cara peserta didik membawa buku bacaan dari rumah atau meminjam buku ke perpustakaan. Pada tahap ini sudah disiapkan pojok baca kelas, membaca 15 menit sebelum pembelajaran dimulai, dan jurnal literas; 2) Tahap Pengembangan dan Pembelajaran meningkatkan sumber daya sekolah khusnya di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 5 Malang yaitu adanya pojok baca di masing-masing kelas, penambahan jumlah buku, adanya club baca 30 menit, dan hasil produk Gerakan Literasi Sekolah.Kata Kunci: Gerakan Literasi Sekolah, Tahap Pembiasaan, Tahap Pengembangan, Pembelajaran
Review on Effects of NSAID`S on Different Systems
Authors: Puppala Naresh , Reddy Gantala Alekhya 
Published: April 2020

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly prescribed medication. Some are available over the counter and likely to be abused. The gastrointestinal (GI), renal and cardiovascular (CV) side effects limit NSAIDs use. These side effects occurred at a rate as low as 1%–5% for NSAID users. The gastrointestinal (GI), renal and cardiovascular (CV) side effects limit NSAIDs use. Some studies have shown that an extra 2to8 per 1000 people per year may have a major vascular event from using an NSAID. Several studies demonstrated that conventional NSAIDs were associated with a higher risk of AKI and GN and decreased kidney hemodynamic functions, including sodium excretion. NSAIDs have a range of adverse effects mainly affecting the GI, renal and CV systems.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation Curcumin Ovule with Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Base
Authors: Delarosa Dathin Aulia , S Sumaiyah , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Z. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aims to formulate and in vitro evaluation curcumin ovule with polyethylene glycol bases 400 and 6000 concentration variation using fushion method.
Method: Curcumin ovule formulated by fushion method using the comparison of polyethylene glycol 400 and 6000 base concentration. In vitro evaluation of preparations included observation of organoleptic (odor, color, and shape), measurement of uniformity of weight, disintegration time, observation of stability of the preparation during 6 months storage at refrigerator temperature, and release test.
Results: The results showed that all preparations ovule curcumin were orange, specific odor, cone-shape, stable for 6 months storage at refrigerator. Uniformity of ovule weight and disintegration time according the standard prepaation. Ovule release test showed formula I polyethylen glycol base concentration of 400 (90%) and 6000 (10%) very fast to release of curcumin from the preparation compared to other formula is gave average release of 93,7% ± SD 0.36.
Conclusion: Curcumin can be formulated in the form of ovule using polyethylene glycol bases 400 and 6000 concentration variation.
Evaluation esthetic and functional outcomes after rhinoplasty
Authors: Hawrami Falah Abdulla Hussein , Amin Zanyar M. , Mahmood Muhammad , Hama Rebwar A. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine patient satisfaction in regard to nose appearance and function with the use of a validated questionnaire, before and after rhinoplasty surgery.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted of all adult patients that underwent open rhinoplasty including other nasal procedures like septoplasty or turbinoplasty between September 2018 and August 2019 in both public and private hospital (Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital and Faruk Medical City).The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was used to study the patients' view.
Results: 100 patients participated in this study by completing the questionnaires and the follow-up period. The main reasons for rhinoplasty in our patients were: aesthetic 54% (n=54), functional 2 %( n=2), and a combination of both in 44% (n=44) patients The mean ROE score of all patients pre operation was 51.8 (males: 49.04, females 54.74.) and the mean score post operation was 75.22(males 75.64, females 74.81) at six months with no statistically significant gender differences p value=0.79 However, both genders showed a statistically significant improvement between the preoperative and postoperative scores (mean difference = 23.42, P<0.017).In the pre-operative stage, patients recorded worse score for anxious and insecure (p < 0.05). There were no difference for gender, age, cause or literacy level in the mean post-operative scores (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: We found that patients who consider themselves anxious before surgery were less satisfied with the result of the procedure. Additionally Rhinoplasty surgery significantly improved patient quality of life regarding nose shape and function.
Ensaio da Vida e Morte de um Porco Caipira: Abate e Manipulação
Authors: Trivilin Pereira Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Resumo: O presente ensaio fotográfico acontece no processo de manipulação de um porco de trezentos quilos, após o abate. Os procedimentos que envolvem desde o corte à extração da banha, do couro e à fabricação da linguiça, do chouriço e do codeguim são realizados por uma família de agricultores e trabalhadores do campo, junto a amigos e vizinhos e servem de sustento para cerca de dez pessoas deste círculo, além dos outros participantes do sistema de troca de alimentos. O cenário é de uma comunidade rural no município de Ubiratã, região centro ocidental paranaense, de aproximadamente cento e trinta famílias, chamada São João, em que os moradores ainda possuem criações domésticas para o próprio consumo. A autora, membro da família, os acompanhou durante os quase três dias na intenção de ilustrar, para além das palavras, um momento bastante importante no ciclo do ano para os moradores do local na obtenção e manipulação de alimento.Palavras-chave: Abate. Manipulação. Animal. Alimento ESSAY OF THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A COUNTRY PIG: SLAUGHTER AND HANDLING Abstract: This photographic essay takes place in the process of handling a three-hundred-pound pig after slaughter. Procedures that range from cutting to lard, leather and sausage, chorizo and cod-nut production are carried out by a family of farmers and field workers, along with friends and neighbors, and support about ten people. people in this circle, as well as other participants in the food exchange system. The scenario is of a rural community in the municipality of Ubiratã, central western region of Paraná, of approximately one hundred and thirty families, called São João, where residents still have domestic livestock for their own consumption. The author, a member of the family, accompanied them for almost three days in order to illustrate, in addition to the words, a very important moment in the cycle of the year for local residents in obtaining and handling food.Keywords: Slaughter. Handling. Animal. Food