bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Malcev products of some classes of epigroups, I
Authors: Liu Jingguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA semigroup is called an epigroup if some power of each element lies in a subgroup. Under the universal of epigroups, the aim of the paper is devoted to presenting elements in the groupoid together with the multiplication of Malcev products generated by classes of completely simple semigroups, nil-semigroups and semilattices. The information about the set inclusion relations among them is also provided.
Some results in cone metric spaces with applications in homotopy theory
Authors: Nazam Muhammad , Arif Anam , Mahmood Hasan , Park Choonkil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe self-mappings satisfying implicit relations were introduced in a previous study [Popa,Fixed point theorems for implicit contractive mappings, Stud. Cerc. St. Ser. Mat. Univ. Bacău7(1997), 129–133]. In this study, we introduce self-operators satisfying an ordered implicit relation and hence obtain their fixed points in the cone metric space under some additional conditions. We obtain a homotopy result as an application.
The role of osteoprotegerin in the development, progression and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Migacz Maciej , Janoska-Gawrońska Agata , Holecki Michał , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) appears to be a very promising marker both in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and as a potential target in its treatment. This article presents an overview of the current literature that discusses the role of OPG in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its potential value as a prognostic factor in AAA. Pharmacological modulation of OPG expression has been considered. In conclusion, it seems that further research designed to assess the relationship between OPG and AAA is needed as this may contribute to improved AAA monitoring and more effective treatment of patients with AAA.
Crystal structure of (E)-1-(2-cyano-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-3,7-diphenylindolizine-6-carbonitrile, C31H19N3O
Authors: Wang Feng , Shen Lun-Hua , Jiang Jin-Ke , Chen Nian-gen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C31H19N3O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.672(5) Å, b = 10.725(6) Å, c = 13.886(8) Å, α = 97.550(9)°, β = 101.415(9)°, γ = 109.603(9)°, V = 1164.9(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0439, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1288, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-methyl-1H-perimidine, C12H10N2
Authors: Shi Xiao-Ming , Xiao Li-Na , Peng Peng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C12H10N2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.0431(18) Å, b = 9.9770(19) Å, c = 11.623(2) Å, α = 102.375(3)°, β = 109.641(3)°, γ = 99.834(2)°, V = 930.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0395, wRref(F2) = 0.1105, T = 128.15 K.
The Imagination and Its Technological Destiny
Authors: Montani Pietro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tradition of Kant’s critical philosophy developed the concept of imagination rigorously and productively. In this article, I shall defend the suitability of placing this concept in a paleoanthropological frame and linking it to the cognitive practices – predominantly sensorimotor, interactive and those directed at the emergence of technologies – which preceded and prepared for the advent of articulated speech. Special attention will be paid to the internalization processes of these practices and their effects on human conduct. On the basis of this discussion, I shall defend the theory by which the advent of denotative articulated speech entailed a profound reorganization of the technical performances attributable to the imagination and the relative internalization processes. Moreover, the origin of articulated speech inaugurated a singular story, that of the relationship between word and image. In my conclusions, I shall describe a major outcome of this within the framework of the new electronic technologies.
Stereoselective synergystic organo photoredox catalysis with enamines and iminiums
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Rodeghiero Giacomo , Jansen Thomas Paul , Perciaccante Rossana 
Published: June 2020

Graphical Abstract
Application of small chiral organic molecules in catalysis has been dominated by formation of chiral enamines or iminium ions. Nucleophiles – electrophiles reactivity has been exploited in many papers. Now, the possibility to combine organocatalysis with photochemistry open new “exciting” possibilities and opportunities, in reactions that are mediated by radicals.
Exploring the Vastness of design space for greener solutions using a quality approach
Authors: Murphy Mark A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chemistry and biology constitute Vast and/or infinite design spaces which can be used by scientists and engineers to generate new and ever more complex chemical molecules and other structures having new emergent properties. A Vanishingly small proportion of those new molecules can generate even more complexity and new emergent properties by interacting with other molecules, bio-molecules, or complex collections of biomolecules. Large degrees of unpredictability reign throughout that Vastness, as well as in the Environment, and human society and behavior. Yet Life, the Earth’s ecosystem, consciousness, and civilized human societies evolved from simpler systems, despite the Vastness and unpredictability. Green Chemistry and Engineering emerged over the last few decades from an evolutionary search for new processes and products for the benefit of humans and the planet that are both economically viable and do less harm to the Environment. The author, who originally conceived, in 1984, the BHC Ibuprofen Process that won one of the very first Presidential Green Chemistry Awards, was inspired and guided in significant part by the “Quality” philosophy, teachings and methods of W. Edwards Deming. Deming’s Quality philosophy and methods adapt the empirical/reductionist perspectives and approaches of the Scientific Method, to readily integrate holistic, human, and ethical goals, ideas, and perspectives, in order to identify and solve Real-World problems. Deming’s methods include his “PDCA” circles, which, when continuously iterated, can guide scientists, engineers, and their interdisciplinary team-mates as to what to do toward the development and evolution of Real-World processes and products that create little waste, and therefore are both economically and ecologically beneficial, via a process of human guided and human accelerated evolution.
Chemical reduction of chlorpyrifos driven by flavin mononucleotide functionalized titanium (IV) dioxide
Authors: Díaz Stephanie Santos , Al-Zubaidi Hazim , Ross-Obare Amir C. , Obare Sherine O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For many decades, organohalide and organophosphate compounds have shown significant detrimental impact on the environment. Consequently, strategies for their remediation continue to be an area of emerging need. The reduction of the chlorpyrifos pesticide, a molecule that bears both organohalide and organophosphate functional groups, is an important area of investigation due to it toxic nature. In this report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the biological molecule, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) toward chemically reducing chlorpyrifos. The FMN was found to be highly active when anchored to nanocrystalline TiO2 surfaces. The results show new directions toward the remediation of organic contaminants under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP composites
Authors: Xu Jianlin , Zhao Jinqiang , Kang Chenghu , Niu Lei , Zhang Jianbin , Ma Jiqiang , Ju Chunyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In view of the limitation of wide application of polypropylene(PP) with low strength, poor low-temperature brittleness and easy combustion, a kind of PP matrix nanocomposites was designed and prepared. Sb2O3 nanoparticles (nano-Sb2O3) modified by silane coupling agent of KH550 were dispersed into brominated polystyrene(BPS)-PP matrix by ball milling dispersion and melt blending method, respectively. And the nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP composites samples were obtained by injection molding method. The effects of nano-Sb2O3 particles on mechanical properties of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP composites were investigated. The results showed that the surface of nano-Sb2O3 particles was successfully modified by the KH550 and the interfacial adhesion between nano-Sb2O3 and PP matrix was improved. With increasing of the mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3, the tensile strength and impact strength of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP composites were improved accompanying by increasing of crystallinity and refining grain of the composites. When the mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3 was 3 wt%, the tensile strength of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP composites was 43 MPa, which was 30.3% higher than that of PP. When the mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3 was 2 wt%, the impact strength of the composites was 44.19 kJ·m−2, which was 30.8% higher than that of PP.
Effect of C-phycocyanin on HDAC3 and miRNA-335 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Gan Li , Yan Si , Yan Yufang , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposits and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau proteins are the key pathognomonic manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lack of holistic drugs for AD has reinvigorated enthusiasm in the natural product-based therapies. In this study, our idea to decipher the beneficial effects of C-phycocyanin (CPC) in the management of AD is buoyed by its multifaceted and holistic therapeutic effects.

Methods:
We evaluated the effect of CPC treatment on epigenetic factors and inflammatory mediators in a mouse with oligomeric Aβ1-42-induced AD. Besides, the cognitive function was evaluated by the spatial memory performance on a radial arm maze.

Results:
The results showed cognitive deficit in the mice with AD along with upregulated HDAC3 expression and diminished miRNA-335 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions. In addition, inflammation was provoked (manifested by increased interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-1β) and neuronal apoptosis was accelerated (indicated by increased Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 along with decreased Bcl2) in the hippocampus of the mice with AD. Interestingly, CPC treatment in the mice with AD improved spatial memory performance and decreased the perturbations in the epigenetic and inflammatory biofactors.

Conclusion:
These results underscore that mitigation of inflammation via regulation of epigenetic factors might be the key pathway underlying the ameliorative effect of CPC against the aberrations in AD. Our findings provide the rationale for considering CPC as a viable therapeutic option in the management of AD.
Ormosanine improves neuronal functions in spinal cord-injured rats by blocking peroxynitrite/calpain activity
Authors: An Yan , Li Jianing , Liu Yajun , Fan Mingxing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of ormosanine against spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and to examine the possible molecular mechanism of action. SCI was induced using an impactor device, and rats were treated with ormosanine 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 10 days after induction of SCI. The effect of ormosanine on SCI was determined by estimating neurological functions and cytokines and parameters of oxidative stress level were estimated in SCI rats. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analysis and histopathological study were performed on spinal tissue of SCI rats. The data suggested that treatment with ormosanine reversed the alterations of neurological function in SCI rats. Moreover, the levels of cytokines, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production were reduced in the ormosanine treatment group compared to the SCI group. The levels of calpain and neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity were significantly reduced in the spinal tissue of the ormosanine treatment group compared to the SCI group. Moreover, ormosanine treatment reduced the percentage of viable neurons in the spinal tissue of SCI rats. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that ormosanine treatment had a protective effect against neuronal injury in spinal cord-injured rats by regulating the peroxynitrite/calpain activity.
Cation and Anion Formation in F 1s-Excited SF6-Clusters
Authors: Grunewald Christian , Flesch Roman , Rühl Eckart 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cation and anion formation from molecular SF6 and SF6 clusters is reported in the F 1s-excitation regime (680–720 eV) using tunable synchrotron radiation. Stable products are identified by mass spectrometry, while the tunablility of the soft X-rays source is used to determine mechanistic details on the formation of the detected charged products. Characteristic differences are observed between product formation from the isolated molecule as well as from clusters for both, cations and anions. Specifically, dication formation, such as SF2
2+, is only observed for molecular precursors, which are formed with high efficiency at the F 1s → t2g-transition. SF6
− is efficiently formed from clusters upon F 1s → t1u-transition. Mechanistic details on the formation of stable products are discussed.
Pronounced α-Synuclein Pathology in a Seeding-Based Mouse Model Is Not Sufficient to Induce Mitochondrial Respiration Deficits in the Striatum and Amygdala
Authors: Burtscher Johannes , Copin Jean-Christophe , Sandi Carmen , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that cross talk between α-synuclein pathology formation and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. While mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-studied phenomenon in the substantia nigra, which is selectively vulnerable in PD and some models thereof, less information is available in other brain regions that are also affected by synuclein pathology. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that early α-synuclein pathology causes mitochondrial dysfunction and that this effect might be exacerbated in conditions of increased vulnerability in affected brain regions, such as the amygdala. We combined a model of intracerebral α-synuclein pathology seeding with chronic glucocorticoid treatment, which models non-motor symptoms of PD and affects amygdala physiology. We measured mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and protein abundance as well as α-synuclein pathology in male mice. Chronic corticosterone administration induced mitochondrial hyperactivity in the amygdala. Although injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum resulted in pronounced α-synuclein pathology in both striatum and amygdala, mitochondrial respiration in these brain regions was not compromised, regardless of corticosterone treatment. Our results suggest that early stage α-synuclein pathology does not influence mitochondrial respiration in the striatum and amygdala, even in corticosterone-induced respirational hyperactivity. We discuss our findings in light of relevant literature, warn of a potential publication bias and encourage scientists to report their negative results within the framework of this model.
Positive association between progestins and the evolution of multiple fibroadenomas in 72 women
Authors: Grouthier Virginie , Chakhtoura Zeina , Tejedor Isabelle , Badachi Yasmina , Goffin Vincent , Touraine Philippe 
Published: June 2020

Objective
Multiple fibroadenomas (MFA) of the breast is a rare benign disease, thus its natural history is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to describe the radiological evolution of MFA and to evaluate the influence of different factors on this evolution.

Methods
This was a longitudinal cohort study. All patients included had two clinical and radiological assessments (breast ultrasound (US) and/or MRI) at least 5 years apart.

Results
Seventy-two women were followed for 7.6 ± 2.1 years. The radiological evolution showed a decrease or stability in the number of fibroadenomas (FA) in 26/44 cases on the MRI and in 38/64 cases on the US. There was a decrease of size in 35/44 cases on the MRI and in 53/64 cases on the US. An increase in the number of FAs was found in 18/44 cases in the MRI and 26/64 cases in the US with, for the majority, a decrease of size (19/26 by MRI and 16/18 by MRI). Older age at the first FA (P < 0.0001) and at the diagnosis of MFA (P < 0.0001), pregnancy (P = 0.003) and progestin use (P < 0.001), particularly lynestrenol (P < 0.0001), had a beneficial effect on the evolution of MFA.

Conclusion
This is the first longitudinal study describing women with MFA. The radiological evolution of MFA seamed favorable and similar to that expected for a single FA. We identified factors influencing the evolution of the disease, including progestin treatments such as lynestrenol, which could have a beneficial effect. Our cohort should be followed further in order to expand our knowledge of MFA, especially concerning the risk of breast cancer.
Genetic Mapping in Autohexaploid Sweet Potato with Low-Coverage NGS-Based Genotyping Data
Authors: Yamamoto Eiji , Shirasawa Kenta , Kimura Takumi , Monden Yuki , Tanaka Masaru , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping methods can generate numerous genetic markers in a single experiment and have contributed to plant genetic mapping. However, for high precision genetic analysis, the complicated genetic segregation mode in polyploid organisms requires high-coverage NGS data and elaborate analytical algorithms. In the present study, we propose a simple strategy for the genetic mapping of polyploids using low-coverage NGS data. The validity of the strategy was investigated using simulated data. Previous studies indicated that accurate allele dosage estimation from low-coverage NGS data (read depth &lt; 40) is difficult. Therefore, we used allele dosage probabilities calculated from read counts in association analyses to detect loci associated with phenotypic variations. The allele dosage probabilities showed significant detection power, although higher allele dosage estimation accuracy resulted in higher detection power. On the contrary, differences in the segregation patterns between the marker and causal genes resulted in a drastic decrease in detection power even if the marker and casual genes were in complete linkage and the allele dosage estimation was accurate. These results indicated that the use of a larger number of markers is advantageous, even if the accuracy of allele dosage estimation is low. Finally, we applied the strategy for the genetic mapping of autohexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) populations to detect loci associated with agronomic traits. Our strategy could constitute a cost-effective approach for preliminary experiments done performed to large-scale studies.
Ethnography in sociolinguistic studies of youth language
Authors: Čekuolytė Aurelija 
Published: June 2020

In Lithuanian sociolinguistics ethnography is a new method; there are no comprehensive ethnographic studies. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to ethnography and to show why it is important to include ethnography in linguistic studies and how this method can enrich the analysis of linguistic material. When applying the ethnographic method it is not only possible to provide a picture of the distribution of linguistic variables in the community, but also to discover the social meaning which is associated with those variables. What is unique about ethnography is that it allows the scientist to discover social meanings instead of presupposing them and to examine the construction and organization of the social meaning of linguistic variables. Even though ethnographic studies are often treated as case studies, the results of a well-constructed ethnographic study are reliable and replicable, for instance, the ethnographically discovered social categories and social meanings, associated with them, can be tested in a different community with a help of match-guise technique.
Following the sociolinguistic wave theory, I explain how and why ethnography has been employed in sociolinguistic studies. The studies in the first sociolinguistic wave applied survey and quantitative methods to examine the relation between linguistic variation and the traditional social categories – class, age, sex, and ethnicity. However, the quantitative methods were not sufficient enough in explaining which social mechanisms caused linguistic variation. Studies in the second wave employed ethnography in order to find the relation between linguistic variation and locally determined social categories. Studies in the third wave departed from the dialect-based approach of the first two waves, employed stylistic practice approach and examined any linguistic material that is socially meaningful in the community.
I also discuss the main aspects of ethnographic method: participant observation, fieldnotes, ethnographic interview and other types of interviews. I come in with advice for researchers who plan to use ethnography in their research. The examples of ethnographic studies that I’m using in my paper are mostly taken from studies of youth language. Nevertheless, the paper can also be useful to any researcher who is willing to conduct an ethnographic sociolinguistic study.
In Search of Pronunciation Peculiarities Characteristic to Vilnians: Vowel Shortening Tendencies of Vilnians Aged 25–35
Authors: Aliūkaitė Daiva 
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the question of Vilnius variant exclusivity and covers one fragment of Vilnius as a complex microcosm: exclusivity of Vilnius variant is examined by analysing spontaneous speech among Vilnians aged 25–35. Empirical research units are variants of phonological variables /i·/ and /u·/ in unstressed positions. Applying two different research methods – one based on hearing (auditory) and an instrumental one – the parameter of duration of these long vowels was evaluated in the spontaneous speech of the interviewed Vilnians aged 25-35. The results of the auditory research and instrumental examination (instrumental checks of almost 800 variants of phonological variables /i·/ and /u·/ in unstressed positions and 384 variants in stressed positions have been carried out) demonstrate that shortened variants of variables /i·/ and /u·/ in unstressed positions are characteristic of the language of the research group. Unstressed variants of the variables under investigation cover the duration continuum range between 60 and 80 milliseconds. Duration range of the variants of variables /i·/ and /u·/ in stressed positions starts at approx. 90 ms. Duration data of variants /i·/ and /u·/ in stressed and unstressed positions was correlated and this correlation reveals that duration areas of these variants almost overlap. Transitional zone is between ~80 and 90 ms. Quantitative reduction is very apparent so it is possible to make an assumption that this tendency reflects this particular peculiarity of the language specific to Vilnians. However, it is essential to state that even after shortened variants of variables /i·/ and /u·/ in unstressed positions are present in the speech of people belonging to different generations or having different sociolinguistic portraits, this characteristic cannot be considered as a distinctive characterization of Vilnius language (Vilnius variant). Distinguishing features in variability analysis cannot be at the same time primary, i. e. distinctive, as well as tertiary, i. e. denoting, characteristic. In this research this would be the case. The value of tertiary features is characteristic of quantitative (shortened) variants of variables /i·/ and /u·/ in some dialects. Therefore, methodologically it is not accurate to evaluate vowel shortening tendency of Vilnians as distinctive characteristics specific to the people of Vilnius. These features are characteristic, but they do not have a clear single-plan dividing power.