bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of retinopathy by fibrillar oxalate assemblies
Authors: Zaguri Dor , Shaham-Niv Shira , Naaman Efrat , Mimouni Michael , Magen Daniella , Pollack Shirley , Kreiser Topaz , Leibu Rina , Rencus-Lazar Sigal , Adler-Abramovich Lihi , Perlman Ido , Gazit Ehud , Zayit-Soudry Shiri 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe formation of metabolite fibrillar assemblies represents a paradigm shift in the study of human metabolic disorders. Yet, direct clinical relevance has been attributed only to metabolite crystals. A notable example for metabolite crystallization is calcium oxalate crystals observed in various diseases, including primary hyperoxaluria. We unexpectedly observed retinal damage among young hyperoxaluria patients in the absence of crystals. Exploring the possible formation of alternative supramolecular organizations and their biological role, here we show that oxalate can form ordered fibrils with no associated calcium. These fibrils inflict intense retinal cytotoxicity in cultured cells. A rat model injected with oxalate fibrils recaptures patterns of retinal dysfunction observed in patients. Antibodies purified from hyperoxaluria patient sera recognize oxalate fibrils regardless of the presence of calcium. These findings highlight a new molecular basis for oxalate-associated disease, and to our knowledge provide the first direct clinical indication for the pathogenic role of metabolite fibrillar assemblies.
Potential role of perivascular adipose tissue in modulating atherosclerosis
Authors: Ahmadieh Samah , Kim Ha Won , Weintraub Neal L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly juxtaposes the vascular adventitia and contains a distinct mixture of mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, stem cells, and inflammatory cells that communicate via adipocytokines and other signaling mediators with the nearby vessel wall to regulate vascular function. Cross-talk between perivascular adipocytes and the cells in the blood vessel wall is vital for normal vascular function and becomes perturbed in diseases such as atherosclerosis. Perivascular adipocytes surrounding coronary arteries may be primed to promote inflammation and angiogenesis, and PVAT phenotypic changes occurring in the setting of obesity, hyperlipidemia etc., are fundamentally important in determining a pathogenic versus protective role of PVAT in vascular disease. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the role of perivascular adipocytes in modulating vascular function. However, their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in humans, is yet to be fully elucidated. This review will highlight the complex mechanisms whereby PVAT regulates atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on clinical implications of PVAT and emerging strategies for evaluation and treatment of CVD based on PVAT biology.
Analysis and design of an isolated high step‐up converter based on the secondary side quasi‐resonant loops
Authors: Jia Pengyu , Yuan Yiqin 
Published: January 2020

In a high step‐up converter, the primary side input current contributes a significant share of total power loss. Meanwhile, high‐voltage stresses of secondary side components are also big issues. This study proposes an isolated converter with secondary side quasi‐resonant loops. The push–pull structure is adopted to reduce active switch numbers so the primary side power loss can be controlled in a very minor range. The newly added resonant loops on the secondary side significantly decrease the current stresses of the resonant capacitors, so the power loss caused by capacitor equivalent‐series‐resistance is reduced. The voltage stresses of diodes and capacitors on the secondary side are also decreased by an improved symmetrical‐voltage‐quadrupler‐rectifier structure. The proposed converter is with the maximum voltage gain equal to 4 without consideration of the transformer. Therefore, it is helpful to decrease the transformer turns ratio. The operation process is analysed in detail and the design considerations are also summarised. Theoretical analysis is verified by the experimental results of a 400 W prototype with 34–40 V input and 380 V output.
Impact analysis of a multi‐variables modulation on the transformer of the dual‐active‐bridge converter
Authors: Fraytag Jeferson , Kirsten André Luís , Heldwein Marcelo Lobo 
Published: January 2020

This work proposes a novel analysis framework to model the dual‐active‐bridge (DAB) converter static behaviour when it is subjected to a multi‐variables modulation. Novel equations that relate the transferred active power and the total transformer apparent power are derived and an iterative analysis process is proposed. The main objective is to define the total apparent power maps for a given active power level and find the lowest apparent power points. Based on that, the reduction of transformer volume and copper losses can be analysed. In general, it was observed that the lowest total apparent power is obtained for operation with and tends to occur at small angles. Moreover, in these conditions, there is also the smallest transformer volume and the lowest copper losses. Experimental results at 800, 1200, and 1600 W of a DAB prototype are presented to validate the proposed analyses, where a maximum core volume variation of 35% was obtained for a given active power level.
A stripped helium star in the potential black hole binary LB-1
Authors: Irrgang A. , Geier S. , Kreuzer S. , Pelisoli I. , Heber U. 
Published: January 2020

Context. The recently claimed discovery of a massive (MBH = 68−13+11 M⊙) black hole in the Galactic solar neighborhood has led to controversial discussions because it severely challenges our current view of stellar evolution.
Aims. A crucial aspect for the determination of the mass of the unseen black hole is the precise nature of its visible companion, the B-type star LS V+22 25. Because stars of different mass can exhibit B-type spectra during the course of their evolution, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive picture of the star to unravel its nature and, thus, its mass.
Methods. To this end, we study the spectral energy distribution of LS V+22 25 and perform a quantitative spectroscopic analysis that includes the determination of chemical abundances for He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe.
Results. Our analysis clearly shows that LS V+22 25 is not an ordinary main sequence B-type star. The derived abundance pattern exhibits heavy imprints of the CNO bi-cycle of hydrogen burning, that is, He and N are strongly enriched at the expense of C and O. Moreover, the elements Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe are systematically underabundant when compared to normal main-sequence B-type stars. We suggest that LS V+22 25 is a stripped helium star and discuss two possible formation scenarios. Combining our photometric and spectroscopic results with the Gaia parallax, we infer a stellar mass of 1.1 ± 0.5 M⊙. Based on the binary system’s mass function, this yields a minimum mass of 2–3 M⊙ for the compact companion, which implies that it may not necessarily be a black hole but a massive neutron- or main sequence star.
Conclusions. The star LS V+22 25 has become famous for possibly having a very massive black hole companion. However, a closer look reveals that the star itself is a very intriguing object. Further investigations are necessary for complete characterization of this object.
Updated DEGUM Quality Requirements for the Basic Prenatal Screening Ultrasound Examination (DEGUM Level I) between 18 + 0 and 21 + 6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Kähler Christiane , Schramm Thomas , Bald Rainer , Gembruch Ulrich , Merz Eberhard , Eichhorn Karl-Heinz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA precondition for the early detection of fetal abnormalities is the high quality of prenatal basic ultrasound (screening examination). The objective of ultrasound screening is the recognition of abnormal fetal growth and fetal anatomical anomalies. The prenatal detection of fetal abnormalities enables detailed prenatal counselling of parents, improved care at birth and potentially a reduction in morbidity and mortality. In the guidelines for maternity care in Germany (“Mutterschaftsrichtlinien”), the performance of basic ultrasound in pregnancy is not clearly defined. The required image documentation includes a few biometric measurements only. Therefore, adherence to a standard technique and the possibility of audit are limited, thus not necessarily resulting in high screening quality. In this update of the DEGUM quality requirements for level I screening ultrasound examination between 18 + 0 and 21 + 6 weeks of gestation, the required parameters, standard planes and required documentation are described in detail. The greater experience of gynecologists in the field of sonographic screening examinations and the use of a modern ultrasound technique allow improvement of the screening quality. This will improve the standard of basic ultrasound screening. Due to the enhanced standard of the DEGUM I examination, more pregnant women may benefit from a detailed ultrasound examination and specialized therapy in DEGUM level II and III centers. The required fetal structures are described in detail. This update of the requirements for level I DEGUM basic ultrasound examination between 18 + 0 and 21 + 6 weeks of gestation goes far beyond the guidelines for maternity care in Germany (the “Mutterschaftsrichtlinien”) thereby elevating standards.
Remote interpreting in dialogic settings
Authors: de Boe Esther 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Just as remote communication by telephone and through the internet
has become an integral part of our daily lives and professional
environments, it has also gained a firm footing in the practice of
interpreting. In medical settings, remote interpreting is increasingly being
welcomed as a means to enable better access to healthcare and increased
cost-efficiency. Studies on healthcare interpreting over the telephone or by
video link have generated predominantly positive results concerning the use
of remote modes of interpreting. However, most of these studies originate
from medical science and measure user satisfaction with the interpreting
mode (face-to-face, telephone interpreting or video interpreting) rather
than the possible impact of the different modes on interpreting quality. In
interpreting studies, empirical research investigating remote interpreting
in medical settings is scarce, but studies on remote interpreting in
settings such as conference, business and legal interpreting indicate that
the remote conditions are at the very least perceived by users to influence
the interpreter’s performance and the communication.
In this chapter, we introduce a methodological framework for a
systematic assessment of the quality of remote interpreting and the
effectiveness of the communication in dialogic healthcare settings, drawing
on methods from both interpreting studies and medicine. Central to the
research design is a corpus of simulations of interpreter-mediated doctor –
patient encounters, performed in the modes face-to-face, telephone and video
interpreting. These simulations were submitted to a comparative, multi-modal
analysis, the results of which were triangulated with the subjective
assessment by the participants.
We will first touch upon research issues and caveats relevant to
remote healthcare interpreting, emerging from medical studies and
interpreting studies. Subsequently, the research design of the present study
will be elaborated, followed by a discussion of the preliminary findings of
the first series of simulations. Although the data analysis is work in
progress, the first outcomes suggest that the use of technology in
interpreter-mediated health care impacts mostly on the interactional
dynamics of the communication.
The importance of video recordings in signed language interpreting
research
Authors: Heyerick Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In signed language interpreting studies, researchers have devoted
attention to the role of video recordings in data collection since the very
beginning. Given the visual nature of signed languages, such recordings are
imperative in order to investigate various aspects of signed language
interpreting such as for instance interpreting strategies, interpreting
quality, and interactional aspects of the interpreter mediated
communication.
This differs from studies looking at spoken language interpreting,
where traditionally audio recordings were and to some extent still are the
primary source of data in research.
In this chapter I claim that, in line with recent shifts in the
understanding of communication and interaction (Mondada 2011), any research on interpreting –
which is a communicative act – should be based on multimodal data, including
the visual, audiological, gestural and any other layers of interaction.
As a way of introduction, the chapter gives an overview of how and
to which extent video recordings as a data collection tool have been used in
three research fields in spoken and signed languages; spoken interaction
studies, sign linguistics and interpreting studies, drawing primarily on
Erickson (2011), Lucas et al. (2013), and Napier & Leeson (2016).
This chapter goes on to discuss the advantages and possible
challenges of the use of video as a recording tool in signed language
interpreting research, based on a case study on interpreting strategies used
by Flemish Sign Language interpreters (Heyerick forthcoming). The same
example also illustrates the role of video as an elicitation tool within
signed language interpreting research.
While the chapter explores the benefits, opportunities and
potential obstacles of working with video in research on signed language
interpreting, I argue that including video recordings in any research
examining communication and/or interaction has the potential to provide very
rich data. Video allows for interactive events to be registered in their
full multimodal effect and to be regarded and researched as multimodal
events (Mondada 2011). This
approach can broaden the understanding of human interaction in any field of
study.
Eye-tracking in interpreter-mediated talk
Authors: Vranjes Jelena , Brône Geert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A starting point for a multimodal analysis of interpreter-mediated
interaction is the discussion on the pros and cons of new technologies
especially for new forms of distant, remote or offsite interpreting. More
specifically, in this contribution is argued that empirical multimodal
analyses of participants’ and interpreters’ behavior in real-life
interpreting settings may provide much-needed groundwork that helps to fuel
this discussion. As one of the most central points of criticism raised by
interpreting practitioners is that distant forms of interpreting lack
certain characteristics that are typical for on-site or face-to-face
interpreting (i.e. distant solutions are not true-to-life,
Van Rotterdam & van den Hoogen
2011). It becomes increasingly important to pinpoint what these
typical and natural characteristics are. Empirically grounded insights into
these characteristics may then, in a research-technology-application loop,
feed into innovative technologies, rendering novel interpreting solutions
that are more true-to-life.
In this empirical analysis we focus on one
specific phenomenon that has received increased attention in the recent
literature in multimodal interaction analysis as well as interpreting
studies, viz. eye gaze as a semiotic resource employed by speakers as well
as hearers. The main questions here are how interpreters typically manage the
turn-taking process in real-life interaction, among others by means of gaze,
and how important visual access is to the co-participants for a smooth
exchange. In order to answer the research questions, the researchers make
use of eye-tracking technology to gain detailed information on interpreters’
and primary participants’ gaze behavior.
The impact of learner perceptions of
interlocutor individual differences on learner
possible selves during a short-term experience
abroad
Authors: Serafini Ellen Johnson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A dynamic shift in second
language (L2) research (de Bot, 2015a) has revealed
L2 motivation and learner self-concept as
temporally dynamic and multidimensional traits
that continually emerge in interaction with
context (Mercer, 2016; Ushioda, 2015). However,
interlocutors have received scant attention under
a Complex Dynamic Systems Theoretical
framework.
To bridge this gap, this
study explores the dynamic interaction between
learner selves (Dörnyei, 2009) and
interlocutor individual differences (IDs) over a two-week experience
abroad. A case study approach focused on three L2
learners and one heritage speaker who completed a
daily interaction log, Likert-scale questionnaires
targeting daily, weekly, and monthly changes in
self-concept, and journal reflections focused on
daily interactions in Spanish. Interlocutors
(e.g., host families, teachers, Ecuadorian
university students) completed a questionnaire
tapping several IDs (e.g., language background).
Results revealed fluctuation in learner
perceptions of self, which interacted with their
perceptions of interlocutor IDs.
Diversity in biology: definitions, quantification and models
Authors: Xu Song , Böttcher Lucas , Chou Tom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Diversity indices are useful single-number metrics for characterizing a complex distribution of a set of attributes across a population of interest. The utility of these different metrics or sets of metrics depends on the context and application, and whether a predictive mechanistic model exists. In this topical review, we first summarize the relevant mathematical principles underlying heterogeneity in a large population, before outlining the various definitions of ‘diversity’ and providing examples of scientific topics in which its quantification plays an important role. We then review how diversity has been a ubiquitous concept across multiple fields, including ecology, immunology, cellular barcoding experiments, and socioeconomic studies. Since many of these applications involve sampling of populations, we also review how diversity in small samples is related to the diversity in the entire population. Features that arise in each of these applications are highlighted.
Evaluation of simulated soil carbon dynamics in Arctic-Boreal ecosystems
Authors: Huntzinger D N , Schaefer K , Schwalm C , Fisher J B , Hayes D , Stofferahn E , Carey J , Michalak A M , Wei Y , Jain A K , Kolus H , Mao J , Poulter B , Shi X , Tang J , Tian H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Given the magnitude of soil carbon stocks in northern ecosystems, and the vulnerability of these stocks to climate warming, land surface models must accurately represent soil carbon dynamics in these regions. We evaluate soil carbon stocks and turnover rates, and the relationship between soil carbon loss with soil temperature and moisture, from an ensemble of eleven global land surface models. We focus on the region of NASA’s Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) in North America to inform data collection and model development efforts. Models exhibit an order of magnitude difference in estimates of current total soil carbon stocks, generally under- or overestimating the size of current soil carbon stocks by greater than 50 PgC. We find that a model’s soil carbon stock at steady-state in 1901 is the prime driver of its soil carbon stock a hundred years later—overwhelming the effect of environmental forcing factors like climate. The greatest divergence between modeled and observed soil carbon stocks is in regions dominated by peat and permafrost soils, suggesting that models are failing to capture the frozen soil carbon dynamics of permafrost regions. Using a set of functional benchmarks to test the simulated relationship of soil respiration to both soil temperature and moisture, we find that although models capture the observed shape of the soil moisture response of respiration, almost half of the models examined show temperature sensitivities, or Q10 values, that are half of observed. Significantly, models that perform better against observational constraints of respiration or carbon stock size do not necessarily perform well in terms of their functional response to key climatic factors like changing temperature. This suggests that models may be arriving at the right result, but for the wrong reason. The results of this work can help to bridge the gap between data and models by both pointing to the need to constrain initial carbon pool sizes, as well as highlighting the importance of incorporating functional benchmarks into ongoing, mechanistic modeling activities such as those included in ABoVE.
Digitalisation of goods: a systematic review of the determinants and magnitude of the impacts on energy consumption
Authors: Court Victor , Sorrell Steven 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background. The contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a low carbon economy is unclear. Previous reviews emphasise the need to assess the specific factors that determine the environmental impacts of ICTs, but none of them link those factors to the magnitude of the impacts on energy consumption and carbon emissions. Our study aims to fill this evidence gap. Methods/Design. We restrict our analysis to a single application domain, namely e-materialisation, defined as the partial or complete substitution of material products with electronic equivalents. We conduct the first systematic literature review of the direct and higher order impacts of the digitalisation of goods on energy consumption.

Results/Synthesis. We identify 31 relevant studies that we sort into five categories, namely: ‘e-publications’ (e-books, e-magazines and e-journals); ‘e-news’; ‘e-business’; ‘e-music’; and ‘e-videos and games’. All but one of the 31 studies use life-cycle analysis and employ a range of product-system configurations, functional units, system boundaries and allocation rules. Confining attention to direct and substitution effects, the studies suggest potential energy savings from e-publications, e-news and e-music, and less potential from e-business and e-videos/games. However, different assumptions for key variables (such as the lifetime and energy efficiency of user devices, the extent to which personal transport is displaced and the number of users of material and digital products) lead to very different estimates—including many where lifecycle energy consumption increases. Most of the studies assume that digital goods substitute for material goods and all of them neglect rebound effects—which suggests that they overestimate energy savings.

Discussion. Given the diversity and context-specificity of the available evidence, the optimistic assumptions that are frequently used (e.g. perfect substitution) and the neglect of rebound effects, we cannot conclude that e-materialisation has delivered significant energy savings to date or is likely to do so in the future.
Analysis of grinding process with the use of field theory
Authors: Gusev V V , Roshchupkin S I , Moiseev D A , Melnikova E P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work were analyzed objective laws of material allowance removal that are common for different schemes of grinding with the use of field theory. Each level of the working surface of the circle corresponds to a certain scalar quantity, which characterizes the relative reference surface area of the diamond grains and the total grain width at this level. The total grains width determines the probability of material removal from the component surface in the process of grinding under the influence of the field of vectors of instrument’s grains. Changes which occur in the area of contact between material and grinding wheel lead to negative divergence of material flow and wheel’s grains. The change in the divergence of the fields is characterized respectively efficiency of machining and destruction of an instrument’s working area.