bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Determinants of Health: Regulating Abortion Care
Authors: McGuinness Sheelagh , Montgomery Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn The legal determinants of health: Harnessing the power of law for global health and sustainable development, Gostin et al. provide a sustained account of how law can and should be used as an instrument of health promotion. We pick up on the themes of this report with a specific focus of the importance of abortion for women’s sexual and reproductive health and the impact that particular ways of framing abortion in law can have on the lives of women and girls. In this short comment, we wish to emphasize that abortion regulations need to move beyond frameworks based on narrow understandings of harm towards more progressive agendas that take into account the social determinants of health in order to reduce barriers to care. This contribution is particularly relevant to the Commission’s criticism that those ‘[l]aws that stigmatise or discriminate against marginalized populations are especially harmful and exacerbate health disparities’.
Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Final Results of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM)
Authors: McDowell Gladstone C , Saulino Michael F , Wallace Mark , Grigsby Eric J , Rauck Richard L , Kim Philip , Vanhove Geertrui F , Ryan Robert , Huang I-Zu , Deer Timothy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management evaluated the long-term effectiveness and safety of intrathecal ziconotide.MethodsThe study was a prospective, multicenter observational study of intrathecal ziconotide in US clinical practice. Patients were adults with severe chronic pain that warranted intrathecal therapy. Ziconotide was initiated as the single agent in the pump; however, other intrathecal medications were permitted. The primary efficacy outcome was ≥30% reduction in numeric pain rating scale score from baseline at week 12. A secondary outcome was patient global impression of change. Adverse events were solicited at each visit.ResultsThe registry enrolled 93 patients. Seventy-four and 28 patients completed 12 weeks and 18 months of treatment, respectively. In the overall patient population, 17.4% had ≥30% pain reduction from baseline at week 12, with a mean reduction in pain of 10.9%. At month 18, 38.5% of patients had ≥30% pain reduction from baseline, with a mean pain reduction of 24.7%. Patient-rated improvement was reported in 67% of patients at week 12 and 71% at month 18. Almost all patients experienced adverse events, the most common of which were nausea (25.8%), confusional state (22.6%), and dizziness (20.4%).ConclusionsFinal study analyses showed that intrathecal ziconotide provided clinically meaningful pain relief in 17.4% and 38.5% of patients at week 12 and month 18, respectively. At these same time points, patient-rated improvement was reported in at least two-thirds of patients. The safety profile was consistent with that listed in the ziconotide prescribing information.
Newspaper media representation of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy
Authors: Moyse Max , Hunter Abby 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many adverse foetal outcomes, and electronic cigarettes (EC) have the potential to aid women to quit smoking in pregnancy. The mass media influence how people feel about products and treatments, so it is important to establish how they portray EC use during pregnancy.

Methods
UK newspaper articles which mentioned EC use during pregnancy were identified using the database Lexis Library. Articles were assigned a category (positive, negative or neutral), and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes within the articles.

Results
Of the 55 newspaper articles, 16 (29%) were positive, 32 (58%) were negative and 7 (13%) were neutral. Four overarching themes were found within the 55 articles: ‘advice’, ‘impact on health of the foetus’, ‘uncertainty’ and ‘awareness’. Large increases in the frequency of articles reporting on EC were noticed between November 2015 and March 2016 and between February and March 2018.

Conclusions
The UK mass media mainly portray EC use during pregnancy as negative, which could impact women’s decisions to use these devices in pregnancy. More research is needed to investigate the true effectiveness of EC to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy.
Identification, localization and differentiation of erosions and physiological bone channels by ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Finzel Stephanie , Aegerter Philippe , Schett Georg , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesUltrasound (US) can detect cortical bone lesions in RA. However, not all cortical bone lesions are erosions. Herein, we aimed to define whether US can differentiate between physiological bone channels and pathological erosions in RA and to provide topographic description of their differential localization.MethodsRA patients and healthy controls (HC) received US examination of the metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ) and proximal inter-phalangeal (PIPJ) joints adjudicating cortical bone lesions as physiological bone channels or pathological erosions. In a subset of RA patients and HC, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the hand was performed to validate the classification of lesions.ResultsA total of 40 RA patients and 43 HC were enrolled and totally 771 MCPJ and 638 PIPJ were examined by US, and 94 and 51, respectively, by HR-pQCT. US-defined cortical bone lesions clustered in the lateral part of the MCP (50%) and the dorsal part of the PIPJ (66.7%) in RA. US-defined physiological bone channels clustered in the palmar parts of the MCPJ and PIPJ in both RA (78.8% and 100%, respectively) and HC (51.8% and 80%, respectively). HR-pQCT data confirmed US data with respect to adjudication of physiological bone channels and pathological erosions. Erosions were significantly (all P &lt;0.000001) larger than physiological channels and preferentially localized at radial and ulnar sites, while physiological channels were clustered at palmar sites. Specificity of US was excellent for erosions in RA and for physiological bone channels in HC and RA.ConclusionUS allows differentiation between physiological channels and bone erosions in RA.
Early interpersonal trauma reduces temporoparietal junction activity during spontaneous mentalising
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Hudson Anna R , Van Hamme Charlotte , Maeyens Lien , Brass Marcel , Mueller Sven C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experience of interpersonal trauma and violence alters self-other distinction and mentalising abilities (also known as theory of mind, or ToM), yet little is known about their neural correlates. This fMRI study assessed temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation, an area strongly implicated in interpersonal processing, during spontaneous mentalising in 35 adult women with histories of childhood physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse (childhood abuse; CA) and 31 women without such experiences (unaffected comparisons; UC). Participants watched movies during which an agent formed true or false beliefs about the location of a ball, while participants always knew the true location of the ball. As hypothesised, right TPJ activation was greater for UCs compared to CAs for false vs true belief conditions. In addition, CAs showed increased functional connectivity relative to UCs between the rTPJ and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Finally, the agent’s belief about the presence of the ball influenced participants’ responses (ToM index), but without group differences. These findings highlight that experiencing early interpersonal trauma can alter brain areas involved in the neural processing of ToM and perspective-taking during adulthood.
How the Eurozone disempowers trade unions: the political economy of competitive internal devaluation
Authors: Rathgeb Philip , Tassinari Arianna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The marginalization of trade unions was a notable feature of the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone periphery. However, governments have recently imposed liberalizing reforms against union protests in the Eurozone core too. We argue that organized labour loses influence across the core-periphery divide because the ‘new economic governance’ puts national governments under enhanced pressure to compete against each other on wage and labour market flexibility—a process known as competitive internal devaluation. The article illustrates this argument through comparative quantitative indicators of liberalization and qualitative process-tracing in three core countries. Whereas Germany’s outstanding competitiveness position allowed its unions to extract significant concessions, their counterparts in France and Finland faced unprecedented defeats from governments aiming to restore economic growth by closing down the competitiveness gap to Germany. Our findings highlight the class power implications of the Eurozone’s reliance on the labour market as the main economic adjustment variable.
Narcolepsy type 1: what have we learned from immunology?
Authors: Kornum Birgitte R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 is hypothesized to be an autoimmune disease targeting the hypocretin/orexin neurons in the hypothalamus. Ample genetic and epidemiological evidence points in the direction of a pathogenesis involving the immune system, but this is not considered proof of autoimmunity. In fact, it remains a matter of debate how to prove that a given disease is indeed an autoimmune disease. In this review, a set of commonly used criteria for autoimmunity is described and applied to narcolepsy type 1. In favor of the autoimmune hypothesis are data showing that in narcolepsy type 1 a specific adaptive immune response is directed to hypocretin/orexin neurons. Autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies have been detected in blood samples from patients, but it remains to be seen if these T cells or antibodies are in fact present in the hypothalamus. It is also unclear if the autoreactive T cells and/or autoantibodies can transfer the disease to healthy individuals or animals or if immunization with the proposed autoantigens can induce the disease in animal models. Most importantly, it is still controversial whether suppression of the autoimmune response can prevent disease progression. In conclusion, narcolepsy type 1 does still not fully meet the criteria for being classified as a genuine autoimmune disease, but more and more results are pointing in that direction.
The effects of sleep deprivation and text messaging on pedestrian safety in university students
Authors: Fobian Aaron D , Rouse Jenni , Stager Lindsay M , Long Dustin , Schwebel David C , Avis Kristin T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study assesses the impact of sleep deprivation and text messaging on pedestrian injury risk.

Methods
A total of 36 university students engaged in a virtual reality pedestrian environment in two conditions: sleep deprived (no sleep previous night) and normal sleep (normal sleep routine). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and pedestrian behavior via four outcomes: time to initiate crossing, time before contact with oncoming vehicle, hits/close calls, and looks left/right. During each condition, participants made half the crossings while text messaging. Participants also completed the Useful Field of View test, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test, and Conners’ Continuous Performance Test in both conditions.

Results
While sleep deprived, students crossed significantly closer to oncoming vehicles compared with after normal sleep. While text messaging, crossed closer to vehicles and took longer to initiate crossings. Safety risks were amplified through combined sleep deprivation plus text messaging, leading to more virtual hits and close calls and shorter time before vehicle contact while crossing. Sleep-deprived students demonstrated impairments in functioning on cognitive tests.

Conclusions
University students’ pedestrian behavior was generally riskier, and their cognitive functioning was impaired, when sleep deprived compared with after normal sleep. This effect was exacerbated when distracted by text messaging.
Survey Data Collection Methods and Discrepancy in the Sociological Study of Religious Congregations
Authors: Adler Gary J , Fulton Brad R , Hoegeman Catherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurveys of religious congregations are a mainstay of sociological research on organized religion in the United States. How accurate, reliable, and comparable are the data generated from the disparate methods used by researchers? We analyze four congregational surveys to show how two components of data collection—sampling design and survey response rate—may contribute to differences in population estimates between the surveys. Results show that in three populations of congregations (all religious traditions, Catholic parishes, and Hispanic Catholic parishes), estimates of key congregational measures, such as head clergy characteristics, congregational size, and Hispanic composition, are susceptible to differences in data collection methods. While differences in sampling design contribute to some of the variation in variable estimates, our unique analysis of survey metadata shows the importance of high response rates for producing accurate estimates for many variables. We conclude with suggestions for improving congregational data collection methods and efforts to compare survey estimates.
A feasibility study of a mobile app to treat insomnia
Authors: Aji Melissa , Glozier Nick , Bartlett Delwyn , Peters Dorian , Calvo Rafael A , Zheng Yizhong , Grunstein Ronald , Gordon Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Insomnia is a major public health concern. Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) is an effective behavioral treatment but its delivery is impeded by a shortage of trained clinicians. We developed a mobile app delivering SRT to individuals with insomnia. This feasibility study employed a mixed-methods design to examine the engagement, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the mobile app. Fifteen participants diagnosed with insomnia disorder used the mobile app synchronized with a wearable device for 3 weeks. Those who persisted with the study (n = 12) found the mobile app to be highly acceptable and engaging, logging on average 19 nightly sleep diary entries across the 21 day period. Significant improvements were observed for sleep measures (insomnia severity and sleep efficiency) and daytime symptoms (fatigue and sleepiness). The results suggest that a mobile app delivering SRT to individuals with insomnia is engaging, acceptable, and potentially efficacious. Further, a full-scale effectiveness study is warranted.
Collective Security or Colonial Revolution? The 1938 Conference on Peace and Empire, Anticolonialism, and the Popular Front
Authors: Williams Theo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 1938 Conference on Peace and Empire was emblematic of the deep divisions within the British socialist movement over the inseparable issues of fascism, war, capitalism, and colonialism. One grouping, around the Communist Party, the Labour Left, and the India League, espoused a reformist anticolonialism tied to a Popular Front of socialists and liberals and the collective security of the democratic powers against the menace of fascism. Another grouping, around the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and the International African Service Bureau (IASB), believed distinctions between ‘democratic’ and fascist colonialism to be flawed and instead advocated anticolonial revolution while rejecting what they saw as pleas to support colonialist policies under the guise of antifascism. This article advances three overlapping arguments. First, that the Popular Front strategy led Communists to promote antifascist alliances that necessarily diminished their anticolonialist activism. Secondly, that the IASB-ILP coalition was the most consistently militant anticolonialist force in Britain during the second half of the 1930s. Thirdly, that we need to more thoroughly integrate both the history of anticolonialism and the ideas and activism of people of colour into our understandings of inter-war British socialism.
The association between neighborhood greenness and incidence of lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , James Peter , Valeri Linda , Hart Jaime E. , Pernar Claire H. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Holmes Michelle D. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Growing evidence suggests that neighborhood contextual environment could influence risk factors and, therefore, incidence of lethal prostate cancer. We studied the association between neighborhood greenness and lethal prostate cancer incidence and assessed mediation by vigorous physical activity.

Methods:
A total of 47,958 participants were followed in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2014. Neighborhood greenness exposure was estimated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with 1 km resolution, assigned to home or work addresses at start of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using sequentially adjusted Cox models with individual and contextual prostate cancer risk factors as covariates. Analyses were compared among those whose addresses were constant over follow-up and stratified by population density and address type.

Results:
We observed 898 cases over 1,054,743 person-years. An interquartile range increase in NDVI was associated with 5% lower rate of lethal prostate cancer (aHR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.03), with stronger associations in nonmovers (aHR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.01). Inverse associations were observed among men in high (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.99) but not low (aHR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.95, 1.29, P
het = 0.086) population density areas, and those reporting from work (aHR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.01) but not home (aHR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.91, 1.17, P
het = 0.10) addresses. There was no evidence of mediation by vigorous physical activity.

Conclusion:
We report inverse associations between neighborhood greenness and lethal prostate cancer when restricting to nonmovers and in high population density areas. Replication could confirm findings and clarify mechanisms.
Caregiver Strain and Heart Failure Patient Clinical Event Risk
Authors: Bidwell Julie T. , Lee Christopher S. , Higgins Melinda K. , Reilly Carolyn M. , Clark Patricia C. , Dunbar Sandra B. 
Published: March 2020

Background
In a study of Italian heart failure patient-caregiver dyads, greater caregiver strain significantly predicted lower patient clinical event risk.

Objective
The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine this relationship in a sample from the United States.

Methods
Data came from 92 dyads who participated in a self-care intervention. Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between baseline strain (Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, divided into tertiles) and patient likelihood of events (heart failure hospitalization/emergency visit or all-cause mortality) over 8 months.

Results
Nearly half of patients (n = 40, 43.5%) had an event. High (vs low) caregiver strain was associated with a 92.7% event-risk reduction, but with substantial variability around the effect (odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.63; P = .02).

Conclusions
Although findings were similar to the Italian study, the high degree of variability and contrasting findings to other studies signal a level of complexity that warrants further investigation.
Decreasing Heart Failure Readmissions Among Older Patients With Cognitive Impairment by Engaging Caregivers
Authors: Agarwal Kathryn S. , Bhimaraj Arvind , Xu Jiaqiong , Bionat Susan , Pudlo Michael , Miranda David , Campbell Claire , Taffet George E. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Cognitive impairment is common in older patients with heart failure (HF), leading to higher 30-day readmission rates than those without cognitive impairment.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether increased readmissions in older adults with cognitive impairment are related to HF severity and whether readmissions can be modified by caregiver inclusion in nursing discharge education.

Methods
This study used prospective quality improvement program of cognitive testing and inclusion of caregivers in discharge education with chart review. Two hundred thirty-two patients older than 70 years admitted with HF were screened for cognitive impairment using the Mini-Cog; if score was less than 4, nurses were asked to include caregivers in education on 2 cardiovascular units with an enhanced discharge program. Individuals with ventricular assist device, transplant, or hospice were excluded. Measurements include Mini-Cog score, 30-day readmissions, readmission risk score, ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide, and medical comorbidities.

Results
Readmission Risk Scores for HF did not correlate with Mini-Cog scores, but admission brain natriuretic peptide levels were less abnormal in those with better Mini-Cog scores. Only for patients with cognitive impairment, involving caregivers in discharge teaching given by registered and advanced practice nurses was associated with decreased 30-day readmissions from 35% to 16% (P = .01). Readmission rates without/with cognitive impairment were 14.1% and 23.8%, respectively (P = .09). Abnormal Mini-Cog screen was associated with a significantly increased risk of 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–4.68; P = .03), whereas nurse documentation of education with family was associated with a significantly decreased risk of 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.90; P = .02).

Conclusions
Involving caregivers in discharge education significantly reduced 30-day readmission rates for patients with HF and cognitive impairment. The Readmission Risk Score was similar between patients older than 70 years with and without cognitive impairment. We have hypothesis-generating evidence that identification of cognitive impairment and targeted caregiver engagement by nurses may be critical in the reduction of readmission rates for older patients with HF.
Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma in the cerebellopontine angle mimicking vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Yue Xi , Huang Jie , Zhu Yaqi , Du Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare spindle cell tumors of mesenchymal origin that include benign and malignant neoplasms.

Patient concerns:
We present a 66-year-old male with a 5-year history of headache and dizziness, with left progressive sensorineural hearing loss over 1 month.

Diagnoses:
WHO grade II SFT/HPC originating from the internal auditory canal in the left cerebellopontine angle.

Interventions:
surgical resection.

Outcomes:
No local recurrence or metastases were observed in the follow-up 3 months after the surgery.

Lessons:
Intracranial SFTs/HPCs are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that are challenging to manage. If the imaging characteristics of tumor are not typical, clinicians should depend on tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry to make a definitive diagnosis.
Open fractures with soft-tissue loss
Authors: Coles Chad P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Open fractures with soft-tissue loss remain challenging injuries to treat. These often high-energy fractures are at a higher risk of delayed healing and at much higher risk of infection than open fractures with less significant soft-tissue injury. The initial management of the open wound, flap coverage options, and the timing of definitive coverage all remain areas of controversy, which will be discussed in this article.