bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional assessment of women after severe maternal morbidity: the COMMAG cohort study
Authors: Ferreira Elton C , Costa Maria Laura , Pacagnella Rodolfo C , Silveira Carla , Andreucci Carla B , Zanardi Dulce Maria Toledo , Santos Juliana P , Angelini Carina R , Souza Renato T , Parpinelli Mary A , Sousa Maria Helena , Cecatti Jose Guilherme 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo perform a multidimensional assessment of women who experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and its short-term and medium-term impact on the lives and health of women and their children.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary maternity hospital from the southeast region of Brazil.ParticipantsThe exposed population was selected from intensive care unit admissions if presenting any diagnostic criteria for SMM. Controls were randomly selected among women without SMM admitted to the same maternity and same time of childbirth.Primary and secondary outcome variablesValidated tools were applied, addressing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and quality of life (SF-36) by phone, and then general and reproductive health, functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule), sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)), substance abuse (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test 2.0) and growth/development (Denver Developmental Screening Test) of children born in the index pregnancy in a face-to-face interview.ResultsAll instruments were applied to 638 women (315 had SMM; 323 were controls, with the assessment of 264 and 307 children, respectively). SF-36 score was significantly lower in the SMM group, while PTSD score was similar between groups. Women who had SMM became more frequently sterile, had more abnormal clinical conditions after the index pregnancy and a higher score for altered functioning, while proportions of FSFI score or any drug use were similar between groups. Furthermore, children from the SMM group were more likely to have weight (threefold) and height (1.5 fold) for age deficits and also impaired development (1.5-fold).ConclusionSMM impairs some aspects of the lives of women and their children. The focus should be directed towards monitoring these women and their children after birth, ensuring accessibility to health services and reducing short-term and medium-term repercussions on physical, reproductive and psychosocial health.
Influence of prior comorbidities and chronic medications use on the risk of COVID-19 in adults: a population-based cohort study in Tarragona, Spain
Authors: Vila-Córcoles Angel , Ochoa-Gondar Olga , Satué-Gracia Eva M. , Torrente-Fraga Cristina , Gomez-Bertomeu Frederic , Vila-Rovira Angel , Hospital-Guardiola Immaculada , de Diego-Cabanes Cinta , Bejarano-Romero Ferran , Basora-Gallisà Josep 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate possible relationships between pre-existing medical conditions (including common comorbidities and chronic medications) and risk for suffering COVID-19 disease in middle-aged and older adults.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingTwelve primary care centres (PCCs) in Tarragona (Spain).Participants79 083 people (77 676 community-dwelling and 1407 nursing-home residents), who were all individuals aged >50 years affiliated to the 12 participating PCCs.OutcomesBaseline cohort characteristics (age, sex, vaccinations, comorbidities and chronic medications) were established at study start (1st. March 2020) and primary outcome was time to COVID-19 confirmed by PCR among cohort members throughout the epidemic period (from 1st. March 2020 to 23rd. May 2020). Risk for suffering COVID-19 was evaluated by Cox regression, estimating multivariable HRs adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and medications use.ResultsDuring the study period, 2324 cohort members were PCR-tested, with 1944 negative and 380 positive results, which means an incidence of 480.5 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 persons-period. Assessing the total study cohort, only age (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03; p=0.002), nursing-home residence (HR 21.83; 95% CI 16.66 to 28.61; p<0.001) and receiving diuretics (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76; p=0.026) appeared independently associated with increased risk. Smoking (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.93; p=0.022), ACE inhibitors (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99; p=0.046) and antihistamine (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.01; p=0.052) were associated with a lower risk. Among community-dwelling individuals, cancer (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.24; p=0.035), chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.07; p=0.025) and cardiac disease (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19; p=0.021) emerged to be also associated with an increased risk. Receiving ACE inhibitors (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99; p=0.046) and influenza vaccination (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.91; p=0.012) was associated with decreased risk.ConclusionAge, nursing-home residence and multiple comorbidities appear predisposing for COVID-19. Conversely, receiving ACE inhibitors, antihistamine and influenza vaccination could be protective, which should be closely investigated in further studies specifically focused on these concerns.
Oncological safety of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of stage I endometrial cancer: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhang Qian Wen , Du Yi , Qin Zhao Juan , He Yue Dong , Zheng Ai 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe oncological safety of diagnostic hysteroscopy in patients with stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer remains uncertain and conflicting. The aim of the proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarise the available evidence examining the association between diagnostic hysteroscopy and the prognosis of stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer and to statistically synthesise the results of relevant studies.Methods and analysisSystematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science will be undertaken using prespecified search strategies. Two authors will independently conduct eligible studies selection process, perform data extraction and appraise the quality of included studies. Original case–control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trails published in English will be considered for inclusion. The outcomes of interest will be 5-year recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival. Meta-analyses will be performed to calculate pooled estimates.Ethics and disseminationOur study will be based on published data, and thus there is no requirement for ethics approval. The results will be shared through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193696.
Reticulon 3-mediated Chk2/p53 activation suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis and is blocked by hepatitis B virus
Authors: Song Shushu , Shi Yinghong , Wu Weicheng , Wu Hao , Chang Lei , Peng Peike , Zhang Lei , Fan Jia , Gu Jianxin , Ruan Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveDysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins is closely related to homeostasis disturbance and malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reticulons (RTN) are a family of ER-resident proteins critical for maintaining ER function. Nevertheless, the precise roles of RTN in HCC remain largely unclear. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of reticulon family member RTN3 on HCC development and explore the underlying mechanisms.DesignClinical HCC samples were collected to assess the relationship between RTN3 expression and patients’ outcome. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of RTN3 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and signal transduction in vitro. Nude mice model was used to detect the role of RTN3 in modulating tumour growth in vivo.ResultsWe found that RTN3 was highly expressed in normal hepatocytes but frequently downregulated in HCC. Low RTN3 expression predicted poor outcome in patients with HCC in TP53 gene mutation and HBV infection status-dependent manner. RTN3 restrained HCC growth and induced apoptosis by activating p53. Mechanism studies indicated that RTN3 facilitated p53 Ser392 phosphorylation via Chk2 and enhanced subsequent p53 nuclear localisation. RTN3 interacted with Chk2, recruited it to ER and promoted its activation in an ER calcium-dependent manner. Nevertheless, the tumour suppressive effects of RTN3 were abrogated in HBV-positive cells. HBV surface antigen competed with Chk2 for RTN3 binding and blocked RTN3-mediated Chk2/p53 activation.ConclusionThe findings suggest that RTN3 functions as a novel suppressor of HCC by activating Chk2/p53 pathway and provide more clues to better understand the oncogenic effects of HBV.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Petracca Graziana , Beatrice Giorgia , Csermely Alessandro , Lonardo Amedeo , Schattenberg Jörn M , Tilg Herbert , Byrne Christopher D , Targher Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveStudies reported a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether this risk changes with increasing severity of NAFLD remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of incident CKD.DesignWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from January 2000 to August 2020 using predefined keywords to identify observational studies with a follow-up duration of ≥1 year, in which NAFLD was diagnosed by blood biomarkers/scores, International Classification of Diseases codes, imaging techniques or biopsy. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling.Results13 studies with 1 222 032 individuals (28.1% with NAFLD) and 33 840 cases of incident CKD stage ≥3 (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, with or without accompanying overt proteinuria) over a median follow-up of 9.7 years were included. NAFLD was associated with a moderately increased risk of incident CKD (n=10 studies; random-effects HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.54; I2=60.7%). All risks were independent of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and other conventional CKD risk factors. Sensitivity analyses did not alter these findings. Funnel plot did not reveal any significant publication bias.ConclusionThis large and updated meta-analysis indicates that NAFLD is significantly associated with a~1.45-fold increased long-term risk of incident CKD stage ≥3. Further studies are needed to examine the association between the severity of NAFLD and risk of incident CKD.
Establishment of an outreach, grouping healthcare system to achieve microelimination of HCV for uremic patients in haemodialysis centres (ERASE-C)
Authors: Yu Ming-Lung , Huang Chung-Feng , Wei Yu-Ju , Lin Wen-Yi , Lin Yi-Hung , Hsu Po-Yao , Hsu Cheng-Ting , Liu Ta Wei , Lee Jia-Jung , Niu Sheng-Wen , Huang Jiun-Chi , Hung Tzu-Sui , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Ching-I , Liang Po-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Chen Szu-Chia , Huang Jee-Fu , Chang Jer-Ming , Chiu Yi-Wen , Dai Chia-Yen , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Chuang Wan-Long 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveHCV prevails in uremic haemodialysis patients. The current study aimed to achieve HCV microelimination in haemodialysis centres through a comprehensive outreach programme.DesignThe ERASE-C Campaign is an outreach programme for the screening, diagnosis and group treatment of HCV encompassing 2323 uremic patients and 353 medical staff members from 18 haemodialysis centres. HCV-viremic subjects were linked to care for directly acting antiviral therapy or received on-site sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapy. The objectives were HCV microelimination (>80% reduction of the HCV-viremic rate 24 weeks after the end of the campaign in centres with ≥90% of the HCV-viremic patients treated) and ‘No-C HD’ (no HCV-viremic subjects at the end of follow-up).ResultsAt the preinterventional screening, 178 (7.7%) uremic patients and 2 (0.6%) staff members were HCV-viremic. Among them, 146 (83.9%) uremic patients received anti-HCV therapy (41 link-to-care; 105 on-site sofosbuvir/velpatasvir). The rates of sustained virological response (SVR12, undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after the end of treatment) in the full analysis set and per-protocol population were 89.5% (94/105) and 100% (86/86), respectively, in the on-site treatment group, which were comparable with the rates of 92.7% (38/41) and 100% (38/38), respectively, in the link-to-care group. Eventually, the HCV-viremic rate decreased to 0.9% (18/1,953), yielding an 88.3% reduction from baseline. HCV microelimination and ‘No-C HD’ were achieved in 92.3% (12/13) and 38.9% (7/18) of the haemodialysis centres, respectively.ConclusionOutreach strategies with mass screenings and on-site group treatment greatly facilitated HCV microelimination in the haemodialysis population.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT03803410 and NCT03891550
Worth the risk? Gun carrying and perceived criminal justice responses in Baltimore
Authors: Crifasi Cassandra Kercher , Booty Marisa D , Buggs Shani A , Webster Daniel W , Sherman Susan G 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionPolicing strategies to deter illegal gun carrying by high-risk people are associated with reductions in gun violence. Many factors influence decisions to use or carry a gun in public, but it is unclear whether perceptions of the criminal justice system’s response influence those decisions.MethodsWe used a 2016 cross-sectional survey of criminal justice system-involved men in Baltimore City (n=195) to assess their recent frequency of gun carrying and perceptions of criminal justice system responses.ResultsForty-two per cent of respondents reported carrying a gun at least once; 15% carried a gun at least monthly. Those who carried at least monthly were significantly less likely than others to report that it was likely they would be caught carrying a gun on the street (31% vs 53%).ConclusionsChallenges with holding accountable those who illegally possess or carry guns in public may influence behaviours and perceptions of the effectiveness of the criminal justice system.
Effect of race on suspect injuries during encounters with police
Authors: Maguire Edward 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on suspect injuries during use of force encounters with police in Tucson, Arizona.MethodsData on all use of force cases recorded by the Tucson Police Department from January 2018 to March 2020 were analysed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of suspect injuries controlling for a variety of other factors.ResultsOverall, 28.5% of people who had force used against them by Tucson police were injured. Multivariate analyses reveal that among those who had force used against them, African-American suspects were significantly less likely than white suspects to be injured. The risk of injury for other racial and ethnic groups is about the same as the risk for white suspects. Resisting arrest and seeking to escape from police custody do not increase the risk of injury among suspects, but assaulting officers or other individuals does increase the risk of injury. Certain types of force, such as canines, firearms and TASERs, are associated with significantly elevated risks of injury among suspects.ConclusionsNumerous interest groups have raised concerns about the police use of force against minorities. Using publicly available data, this analysis examined the effects of race and ethnicity on risk of injury during the use of force encounters with police in Tucson. The findings reveal that minorities are not injured at elevated rates relative to whites. To the contrary, African-American suspects are less likely to be injured than white suspects are.
Risk factors associated with driving under the influence of drugs in the USA
Authors: Rudisill Toni Marie , Smith Gordon S 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDriving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a burgeoning public health concern in the USA. Because little is known about individuals who engage in DUID, the purpose of this study was to analyse potential sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors associated with the behaviour.MethodsSelf-reported data from drivers ≥18 years of age who ever used drugs and participated in the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used. Characteristics of those who reported to engage and not engage in DUID were compared via frequencies, percentages and logistic regression analyses, which accounted for the multistage survey design.ResultsAmong eligible respondents, 10.4% (weighted n=117 275 154) reported DUID. DUID was higher among those aged 18–25 year (34%), males (65%), unmarried individuals (61%), lesbian/gay/bisexuals (13%), those whom abused or were drug dependent (45%), engaged in numerous risky lifestyle behaviours (12%) and those taking medication for a mental health issue (22%). Nearly 20% and 6% of respondents engaged in DUID abused or were dependent on marijuana or methamphetamine, respectively. The adjusted odds of DUID were greatest among those 18–25 years of age (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.8 to 5.0), those never/not married (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2), those who abused or were drug dependent (OR 4.0; 95% CI 3.5 to 4.7), exhibited riskier lifestyle behaviours (OR 8.0; 95% CI 5.9 to 11.0), were employed (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) or lesbian/gay/bisexuals (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7).ConclusionsDUID was common among some population sub-groups who may benefit from intervention.
Gene coexpression networks reveal novel molecular endotypes in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Chu Jen-hwa , Zang Wenlan , Vukmirovic Milica , Yan Xiting , Adams Taylor , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Hu Buqu , Mihaljinec Antun , Schupp Jonas C , Becich Michael J , Hochheiser Harry , Gibson Kevin F , Chen Edward S , Morris Alison , Leader Joseph K , Wisniewski Stephen R , Zhang Yingze , Sciurba Frank C , Collman Ronald G , Sandhaus Robert , Herzog Erica L , Patterson Karen C , Sauler Maor , Strange Charlie , Kaminski Naftali 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that causes early onset pulmonary emphysema and airways obstruction. The complete mechanisms via which AATD causes lung disease are not fully understood. To improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of AATD, we investigated gene expression profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in AATD individuals.MethodsWe performed RNA-Seq on RNA extracted from matched BAL and PBMC samples isolated from 89 subjects enrolled in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study. Subjects were stratified by genotype and augmentation therapy. Supervised and unsupervised differential gene expression analyses were performed using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene profiles associated with subjects’ clinical variables. The genes in the most significant WGCNA module were used to cluster AATD individuals. Gene validation was performed by NanoString nCounter Gene Expression Assay.ResultWe observed modest effects of AATD genotype and augmentation therapy on gene expression. When WGCNA was applied to BAL transcriptome, one gene module, ME31 (2312 genes), correlated with the highest number of clinical variables and was functionally enriched with numerous immune T-lymphocyte related pathways. This gene module identified two distinct clusters of AATD individuals with different disease severity and distinct PBMC gene expression patterns.ConclusionsWe successfully identified novel clusters of AATD individuals where severity correlated with increased immune response independent of individuals’ genotype and augmentation therapy. These findings may suggest the presence of previously unrecognised disease endotypes in AATD that associate with T-lymphocyte immunity and disease severity.
Asymmetric matter from $$B-L$$ symmetry breaking
Authors: Van Dong Phung , Van Loi Duong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present matter content of our universe may be governed by a $$U(1)_{B-L}$$

U

(
1
)

B
-
L

symmetry – the simplest gauge completion of the seesaw mechanism which produces small neutrino masses. The matter parity results as a residual gauge symmetry, implying dark matter stability. The Higgs field that breaks the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

charge inflates the early universe successfully and then decays to right-handed neutrinos, which reheats the universe and generates both normal matter and dark matter manifestly.
Can accretion properties distinguish between a naked singularity, wormhole and black hole?
Authors: Karimov R. Kh. , Izmailov R. N. , Potapov A. A. , Nandi K. K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe first advance a mathematical novelty that the three geometrically and topologically distinct objects mentioned in the title can be exactly obtained from the Jordan frame vacuum Brans I solution by a combination of coordinate transformations, trigonometric identities and complex Wick rotation. Next, we study their respective accretion properties using the Page–Thorne model which studies accretion properties exclusively for $$r\ge r_{\text {ms}}$$

r
≥

r
ms

(the minimally stable radius of particle orbits), while the radii of singularity/throat/horizon $$r<r_{\text {ms}}$$

r
<

r
ms

. Also, its Page–Thorne efficiency $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
is found to increase with decreasing $$r_{\text {ms}}$$

r
ms

and also yields $$\epsilon =0.0572$$

ϵ
=
0.0572

for Schwarzschild black hole (SBH). But in the singular limit $$r\rightarrow r_{s}$$

r
→

r
s

(radius of singularity), we have $$\epsilon \rightarrow 1$$

ϵ
→
1

giving rise to $$100 \%$$

100
%

efficiency in agreement with the efficiency of the naked singularity constructed in [10]. We show that the differential accretion luminosity $$\frac{d{\mathcal {L}}_{\infty }}{d\ln {r}}$$

d

L
∞

d
ln
r

of Buchdahl naked singularity (BNS) is always substantially larger than that of SBH, while Eddington luminosity at infinity $$L_{\text {Edd}}^{\infty }$$

L

Edd

∞

for BNS could be arbitrarily large at $$r\rightarrow r_{s}$$

r
→

r
s

due to the scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
that is defined in $$(r_{s}, \infty )$$

(

r
s

,
∞
)

. It is concluded that BNS accretion profiles can still be higher than those of regular objects in the universe.