bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arine als Radikalakzeptoren: TEMPO‐induzierte Kaskaden über Addition, Zyklisierung und Kreuzkupplung
Authors: Scherübl Maximilian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Anwendung von Arinen als Radikalakzeptoren wird beschrieben. Das stabile TEMPO‐Radikal (2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl) addiert an verschiedene ortho‐substituierte Benz‐ine, und die daraus erzeugten Arylradikale gehen 5‐exo‐ und 6‐endo‐Zyklisierungen ein. Die zyklisierten Radikale werden schließlich mit TEMPO abgefangen. Die vorgestellte Methode bietet über einen konzeptionell neuen Ansatz einen schnellen Zugang zu Dihydrobenzofuranen, Oxindolen und Sultonen.
Azadiphosphaindane‐1,3‐diyls: A Class of Resonance‐Stabilized Biradicals
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Michalik Dirk , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander , Zander Edgar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConversion of 1,2‐bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene with sterically demanding primary amines led to the formation of 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐aza‐1,3‐diphosphaindanes of the type C6H4(μ‐PCl)2N‐R. Reduction yielded the corresponding 2‐aza‐1,3‐diphosphaindane‐1,3‐diyls (1), which can be described as phosphorus‐centered singlet biradical(oid)s. Their stability depends on the size of the substituent R: While derivatives with R=Dmp (2,6‐dimethylphenyl) or Ter (2,6‐dimesitylphenyl) underwent oligomerization, the derivative with very bulky R=tBuBhp (2,6‐bis(benzhydryl)‐4‐tert‐butylphenyl) was stable with respect to oligomerization in its monomeric form. Oligomerization involved activation of the fused benzene ring by a second equivalent of the monomeric biradical and can be regarded as formal [2+2] (poly)addition reaction. Calculations indicate that the biradical character in 1 is comparable with literature‐known P‐centered biradicals. Ring‐current calculations show aromaticity within the entire ring system of 1.
Arynes as Radical Acceptors: TEMPO‐Mediated Cascades Comprising Addition, Cyclization, and Trapping
Authors: Scherübl Maximilian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe application of arynes as radical acceptors is described. The stable radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidine 1‐oxyl) is shown to add to various ortho‐substituted benzynes generating the corresponding aryl radicals which engage in 5‐exo or 6‐endo cyclizations. The cyclized radicals are eventually trapped by TEMPO. The introduced method provides ready access to various dihydrobenzofurans, oxindoles, and sultones by a conceptually novel approach.
Evaluation of scaffolding, inflammatory response, and wound healing support of a reverse thermal gel for myelomeningocele patching
Authors: Bardill James R. , Williams Sarah M. , Laughter Melissa R. , Park Daewon , Marwan Ahmed I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA reverse thermal gel (RTG) is a promising patching material for in utero, minimally invasive coverage of myelomeningocele (MMC) defects. The injectable properties of the RTG brings the potential for significantly reduced surgical risks to the mother and fetus when compared to current open prenatal repair procedures. MMC patching materials require structural and wound healing support for tissue growth over the MMC defect area to allow a watertight seal to form and prevent further neural tissue exposure to the amniotic environment. Here, the previously described RTG is evaluated for the first time as a scaffold for skin cells, for long‐term inflammation effects in neonatal mice, and for wound healing capability. Results show that the RTG can support the growth and survival of keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and neuronal cells in vitro. Injections into neonatal mice demonstrate a regressing inflammatory response and support of normal wound healing. Together, these results demonstrate that the RTG has the necessary scaffolding and wound healing support necessary for MMC patching applications.
Hydrodynamic pressure sensors with tunable sensitivity based on thermoresponsive hydrogels
Authors: Jiang Yonggang , Wang Ningkang , Zhuo Shuyun , He Qipei , Ma Zhiqiang , Liu Mingjie , Zhang Deyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLateral line system of fish performs hydrodynamic flow‐field perception with ultrasensitivity via mechanosensory neuromasts, which vary in geometrical dimension and sensitivity for a wide detection range. To achieve tunable sensitivity and wide detection range in engineered sensors, here we present a hydrodynamic pressure sensor inspired by the canal lateral line system of fish, which comprises of a microfluidic canal, and piezoelectric microcantilevers integrated with thermoresponsive hydrogel cupulae and microheaters. The poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based hydrogel cupula can not only increase the sensitivity by a hydrogel‐based drag enhancement mechanism, but also regulate the sensitivity by changing the cupula volume via localized heating. We characterized the pressure sensitivity and frequency response of the sensor, and the results demonstrated that the sensor possessed a wide detection range but a lower sensitivity during heater‐on, while it performed higher sensitivity with narrow detection range during heater‐off. The tunable hydrodynamic pressure sensors show many potential applications in flow analysis and hydrodynamic imaging.
How the biaxially stretching mode influence dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene films
Authors: Xiong Jie , Wang Xin , Zhang Xiao , Xie Yunchuan , Lu Junyong , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe most important polymer film used in commercial capacitors is biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), which could be produced by sequentially or simultaneously biaxial orientation after the melt‐extrusion. In order to disclose the influence of the stretching technique on the properties of films, the BOPP films with varied thickness were fabricated by sequential and simultaneous orientation, respectively. Compared to the sequentially biaxially stretched films, the crystal grains in the simultaneously biaxially stretched films are more isotropically dispersed. As temperature increases, all the BOPP films exhibit similar dielectric constant, and the simultaneous films have much lower dielectric loss thanks to the finer blended crystalline and amorphous phases. When the film thickness is smaller than 5 μm, the breakdown field strength, energy density and discharging time of the simultaneous films can be increased by at least 10% comparing to the sequential ones, which is very important for reducing the volume of the film capacitors. All the results suggest the simultaneously biaxial orientation mode shows significant advantages in producing thin BOPP films with better mechanical and electrical properties.
Superelastic and hydrophobic‐oleophilic modified melamine foam by ultralow amount of graphene for oil/water separation
Authors: Zhang Linjiong , Feng Lianfang , Gu Xueping , Zhang Cailiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOil spills and organic chemical leakage have caused serious environmental problems, calling for highly effective adsorbents at low cost. Superelastic and hydrophobic‐oleophilic modified melamine foams with ultralow amounts of well‐dispersed graphene were prepared via dip‐coating. The composite foams showed high selectivity for adsorbing various organic chemicals from water and could be regenerated easily. Moreover, excellent adsorption capacity ranging from 80 to 170 times its own weight was found depending on the density of organic chemicals. These coated foams show great potential for continuous oil/water separation and oil fume removal.
Differences Between Attached and Detached Cadaveric Prosections on Students' Identification Ability During Practical Examinations
Authors: Mattingly Spencer , Hardesty Elizabeth , Chovanec Kevin , Cobos Marlon E. , Garcia Jacqueline , Grizzle Meghan , Huerta Amanda , Ohtake Jesse , Romero‐Alvarez Daniel , Gonzalez Victor H. 
Published: October 2020

Cadaveric prosections are effective learning tools in anatomy education. They range from a fully dissected, sometimes plastinated, complete cadaver (in situ prosections), to a single, carefully dissected structure detached from a cadaver (ex situ prosections). While most research has focused on the advantages and disadvantages of dissection versus prosection, limited information is available on the instructional efficacy of different prosection types. This contribution explored potential differences between in situ and ex situ prosections regarding the ability of undergraduate students to identify anatomical structures. To determine if students were able to recognize the same anatomical structure on both in situ and ex situ prosections, or on either one individually, six structures were tagged on both prosection types as part of three course summative examinations. The majority of students (61%–68%) fell into one of the two categories: those that recognized or failed to recognize the same structure on both in situ and ex situ prosections. The percentage of students who recognized a selected structure on only one type of prosection was small (1.6%–31.6%), but skewed in favor of ex situ prosections (P ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that overall students' identification ability was due to knowledge differences, not the spatial or contextual challenges posed by each type of prosection. They also suggest that the relative difficulty of either prosection type depends on the nature of the anatomical structure. Thus, one type of prosection might be more appropriate for teaching some structures, and therefore the use of both types is recommended.
Rapid detection of chiral drug ephedrine using erythrosin B for the resonance Rayleigh scattering probe
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Tan Xuanping , Wu Huan , Yang Jidong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEphedrine (EH) and pseudoephedrine (PEH), which are chiral enantiomers commonly used clinically, have different pharmacological actions and treatment effects due to their chiral nature. In the presence of Pd2+, the reaction system of Ery B (erythrosin B)‐Pd2+ has a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity. Adding EH into this system reduced the RRS intensity, but PEH could not produce this phenomenon. The chiral recognition of these enantiomers could be achieved according to this spectral difference. At the same time, reduction in RRS strength of the reaction system is proportional to the concentration of EH. Under optimized conditions, the linear range is 40–960 ng/ml, and the detection limit is 3.9 ng/ml. A new method for the rapid detection of EH enantiomers can be established. Based on this assay, a new method for the determination of the chiral enantiomers of EH and PEH can be developed.
Phytochemicals impact on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Sharifi Simin , Moghaddam Farzin Arablouye , Abedi Atefeh , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Ahmadian Shahin , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Khatibi Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan , Samiei Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedicinal plants have always been utilized for the prevention and treatment of the spread of different diseases all around the world. To name some traditional medicine that has been used over centuries, we can refer to phytochemicals such as naringin, icariin, genistein, and resveratrol gained from plants. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of stem cells can be the result of specific bioactive compounds from plants. One of the most appealing choices for therapy can be mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because it has a great capability of self‐renewal and differentiation into three descendants, namely, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Stem cell gives us the glad tidings of great advances in tissue regeneration and transplantation field for treatment of diseases. Using plant bioactive phytochemicals also holds tremendous promises in treating diseases such as osteoporosis. The purpose of the present review article thus is to investigate what are the roles and consequences of phytochemicals on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
The transition of Rhodobacter sphaeroides into a microbial cell factory
Authors: Orsi Enrico , Beekwilder Jules , Eggink Gerrit , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrobial cell factories are the workhorses of industrial biotechnology and improving their performances can significantly optimize industrial bioprocesses. Microbial strain engineering is often employed for increasing the competitiveness of bio‐based product synthesis over more classical petroleum‐based synthesis. Recently, efforts for strain optimization have been standardized within the iterative concept of “design‐build‐test‐learn” (DBTL). This approach has been successfully employed for the improvement of traditional cell factories like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Within the past decade, several new‐to‐industry microorganisms have been investigated as novel cell factories, including the versatile α‐proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Despite its history as a laboratory strain for fundamental studies, there is a growing interest in this bacterium for its ability to synthesize relevant compounds for the bioeconomy, such as isoprenoids, poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate, and hydrogen. In this study, we reflect on the reasons for establishing R. sphaeroides as a cell factory from the perspective of the DBTL concept. Moreover, we discuss current and future opportunities for extending the use of this microorganism for the bio‐based economy. We believe that applying the DBTL pipeline for R. sphaeroides will further strengthen its relevance as a microbial cell factory. Moreover, the proposed use of strain engineering via the DBTL approach may be extended to other microorganisms that have not been critically investigated yet for industrial applications.
Long intergenic noncoding RNA smad7 (Linc‐smad7) promotes the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HCC by targeting the miR‑125b/SIRT6 axis
Authors: Han Lili , Jia Lijun , Zan Ying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong intergenic noncoding RNA smad7 (Linc‐smad7) has been recently identified as a new long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA). However, the role of Linc‐smad7 in the tumourigenesis of human cancers remains unknown. This study uncovered that Linc‐smad7 was increased in HCC samples and HCC cell lines using RT‐qPCR assays. Furthermore, the overexpression of Linc‐smad7 indicated poor clinicopathological features and outcomes for HCC patients. In addition, Linc‐smad7 promoted HCC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, as determined by MTT, colony formation, Transwell assays and western blot analysis. Functionally, it was demonstrated that Linc‐smad7 could bind with microRNA‑125b (miR‑125b), and the restoration of miR‑125b rescued the promoting effects of Linc‐smad7 on HCC cells. Finally, it was observed that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) was positively regulated by Linc‐smad7 in HCC as the direct target of miR‑125b, and decreased SIRT6 reversed the effects of Linc‐smad7 on promoting HCC. In conclusion, the current study first identified Linc‐smad7 is increased in HCC, facilitating HCC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT via regulating the miR‑125b/SIRT6 axis.
The EUTOS long‐term survival score predicts disease‐specific mortality and molecular responses among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in a practice‐based cohort
Authors: Sato Eriko , Iriyama Noriyoshi , Tokuhira Michihide , Takaku Tomoiku , Ishikawa Maho , Nakazato Tomonori , Sugimoto Kei‐Ji , Fujita Hiroyuki , Kimura Yuta , Fujioka Isao , Asou Norio , Komatsu Norio , Kizaki Masahiro , Hatta Yoshihiro , Kawaguchi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) long‐term survival (ELTS) score predicts disease‐specific death in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) being treated with imatinib during the chronic phase (CP) of the disease. However, it is unclear whether the ELTS score predicts CML‐related events or treatment responses. This study evaluated the predictive value of the ELTS score regarding prognosis and treatment response in patients with CML‐CP. Clinical data were retrospectively obtained from patients enrolled in the CML Cooperative Study Group (CML‐CSG), which included patients diagnosed with CML‐CP from April 2001 to January 2016, and treated with any tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as first‐line therapy. Among 342 eligible patients, the ELTS scores indicated low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk in 74%, 21%, and 5% of patients, respectively. Patients with high ELTS scores had significantly higher disease‐specific mortality and worse event‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival. Among four risk scores, including the Sokal, Hasford, EUTOS, and ELTS scores, risk stratification by the ELTS score had the highest predictive value in assessing patient prognosis, and also in treatment responses. In fact, the EUTOS and ELTS scores were able to predict the major molecular response within 12 months. Most importantly, the ELTS score was the only scoring system that predicted deep molecular response at any time, regardless of risk level (65.0%, 43.7%, and 23.5% in low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively). Compared to other risk scores, the ELTS score was the most sensitive risk classification tool for the four endpoints of interest in this study, as well as molecular responses in patients with CML‐CP.
Challenges and Decision Making for the Classification of Two Complex Periodontal Cases
Authors: Siqueira Rafael , Andrade Nathalia , Yu Shan‐Huey , Kornman Kenneth S. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2020

Focused Clinical QuestionWhat are the fundamental debates and questions related to the newly developed two‐vector system for classification of periodontal diseases that have emerged as to how to accurately assign, stage, and grade periodontitis cases? The aim of the present manuscript is to demonstrate the essential thought processes that are needed in utilizing the new periodontitis classification system to diagnose two gray zone cases.SummaryClinical case 1 includes an 83‐year‐old male diagnosed with periodontitis and classified as Stage III Generalized Grade B periodontitis, while clinical case 2, a 73‐year‐old male was classified as presenting Stage IV Generalized Grade B periodontitis. Although clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed similarities between the cases, the thought process that includes clinical judgment is described to guide a more accurate diagnosis following the guidelines of the new classification system.ConclusionThe two cases demonstrated here offer an opportunity for clinicians to recognize the essential role of sound clinical judgment in certain cases when applying the new periodontal disease classification system and also clarify questions emerging from implementing this classification system.
Long‐term results of a prospective, single‐arm evaluation of everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in infrapopliteal arteries
Authors: Varcoe Ramon L. , Menting Theo P. , Thomas Shannon D. , Lennox Andrew F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a long‐term evaluation of an everolimus eluting, bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) in the treatment of de novo atherosclerotic disease within crural arteries.MethodsA prospective, single‐arm study was performed enrolling patients with chronic lower limb ischemia between 2013 and 2018.ResultsFifty‐five limbs in 48 patients (56% male; mean age 82.1 ± 8.0 years, range 65–97) were treated for critical limb ischemia (72.7%) or severe claudication (27.3%). Seventy‐one scaffolds were used to treat 61 lesions with a mean length of 20.1 ± 10.8 mm. During a mean follow‐up period of 35.2 ± 20.4 months, 22 (45.8%) patients had died. No late or very‐late scaffold thrombosis was observed. Overall, clinical improvement was observed in 90.9% and a limb‐salvage rate of 100% was observed. Binary restenosis was detected in 11/71(15.5%) scaffolds. Primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization rates at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months were 90.8% (95% confidence interval 80.7–95.8), 90.8% (80.7–95.8), 79.7% (65.8–88.4), 76.3% (61.1–86.2), 72.3% (55.5–83.4) and 97.2% (89.2–99.3), 97.2% (89.2–99.3), 90.7% (78.7–96.1), 90.7% (78.7–96.1), and 90.7% (78.7–96.1), respectively.ConclusionsThis long‐term study shows excellent rates of patency and freedom from target lesion revascularization using the absorb BVS below‐the‐knee. This proof of concept study lays the foundation for the next generation of BVS to be evaluated in infrapopliteal arteries.
Efficient Imine Formation by Oxidative Coupling at Low Temperature Catalyzed by High‐Surface‐Area Mesoporous CeO2 with Exceptional Redox Property
Authors: Wu Shipeng , Wang Yinghao , Cao Qiue , Zhao Qihua , Fang Wenhao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐surface‐area mesoporous CeO2 (hsmCeO2) was prepared by a facile organic‐template‐induced homogeneous precipitation process and showed excellent catalytic activity in imine synthesis in the absence of base from primary alcohols and amines in air atmosphere at low temperature. For comparison, ordinary CeO2 and hsmCeO2 after different thermal treatments were also investigated. XRD, N2 physisorption, UV‐Raman, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, O2 temperature‐programmed desorption, EPR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and redox properties. The hsmCeO2 calcined at 400 °C shows the highest specific surface area (158 m2 g−1), the highest fraction of surface coordinatively unsaturated Ce3+ ions (18.2 %), and the highest concentration of reactive oxygen vacancies (2.4×1015 spins g−1). In the model reaction of oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline, such an exceptional redox property of the hsmCeO2 catalyst can boost benzylideneaniline formation (2.75 and 5.55 mmol
h−1 based on >99 % yield at 60 and 80 °C, respectively) in air with no base additives. It can also work effectively at a temperature of 30 °C and in gram‐scale synthesis. These are among the best results for all benchmark ceria catalysts in the literature. Moreover, the hsmCeO2 catalyst shows a wide scope towards primary alcohols and amines with good to excellent yield of imines. The influence of reaction parameters, the reusability of the catalyst, and the reaction mechanism were investigated.
An efficient algorithm for Elastic I‐optimal design of generalized linear models
Authors: Li Yiou , Deng Xinwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe generalized linear models (GLMs) are widely used in statistical analysis and the related design issues are undoubtedly challenging. The state‐of‐the‐art works mostly apply to design criteria on the estimates of regression coefficients. The prediction accuracy is usually critical in modern decision‐making and artificial intelligence applications. It is of importance to study optimal designs from the prediction aspects for GLMs. In this work, we consider Elastic I‐optimality as a prediction‐oriented design criterion for GLMs, and develop an efficient algorithm for such EI‐optimal designs. By investigating theoretical properties for the optimal weights of any set of design points and extending the general equivalence theorem to the EI‐optimality for GLMs, the proposed efficient algorithm adequately combines the Fedorov–Wynn algorithm and the multiplicative algorithm. It achieves great computational efficiency with guaranteed convergence. Numerical examples are conducted to evaluate the feasibility and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm.