bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser scanning microscopy for control of skin decontamination efficacy from airborne particulates using highly absorbent textile nanofiber material in combination with PEG‐12 dimethicone
Authors: Lademann Juergen , Richter Heike , Patzelt Alexa , Meinke Martina C. , Gross Ingeborg , Grether‐Beck Susanne , Krutmann Jean , Frazier Laura , Darvin Maxim E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe decontamination of the skin is indispensable if airborne particulate contaminants deposit on the skin surface. Skin washing can have adverse effects as by skin rubbing the particles can be transferred deeply into the hair follicles, where they can be entrapped for a period of more than 10 days. Thus, alternative skin decontamination strategies are necessary.Materials and MethodsFor imaging the contaminants in the skin, sodium fluorescein‐labeled soot particles of submicron size (≈600 nm) were visualized using laser scanning microscopy.ResultsIn the present ex vivo pilot study on porcine ear skin, it was shown that sodium fluorescein‐labeled soot particles of submicron size (≈600 nm) could be efficiently removed from the skin with highly absorbent textile nanofiber material, whose efficacy could be further increased by spraying the contaminated skin area with the viscous fluid PEG‐12 dimethicone before textile application.ConclusionIn case of skin contamination with particulates, the contact washing should be avoided due to rubbing particles deeply into the hair follicles, where they can accumulate for a long time and induce negative consequences. Efficient skin decontamination could include pretreatment of skin surface with the viscous fluid PEG‐12 dimethicone and subsequent application of highly absorbent textile nanofiber material.
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection with short‐course regimens in potential living kidney donors
Authors: Simkins Jacques , Donato‐Santana Christian , Morris Michele Ileana , Abbo Lilian Margarita , Camargo Jose Fernando , Anjan Shweta , Natori Yoichiro , Guerra Giselle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment data for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among potential living kidney donors are scarce.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of positive QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐Tube (QFT‐GIT) among potential living kidney donors that were screened from 2009 to 2017. We investigated if there was any difference in the time to donation between QFT‐GIT–positive and QFT‐GIT–negative donors. We assessed the regimens used to treat LTBI and whether the recipients of QFT‐GIT–positive donors developed active tuberculosis (TB).ResultsForty out of 427 (9%) potential living kidney donors had a positive QFT‐GIT. QFT‐GIT–positive donors were as likely as negative donors to undergo donation (30 [75%] vs 315 [81%], P = .33). The time from QFT‐GIT testing to donation was longer among QFT‐GIT–positive donors (median 221 days [range: 4‐1139] vs 86 days [range: 3‐1887], P = .001). Twelve‐week rifapentine (RPT)/Isoniazid (INH) was the most common treatment used and was not associated with significant adverse reactions. There was a trend toward longer time to donation among QFT‐GIT–positive donors who were treated for LTBI compared with QFT‐GIT–positive donors who were not (252 days [range: 88‐1139] vs 95 days [range: 4‐802], P = .05). Twenty‐nine recipients of QFT‐GIT–positive living kidney donors were evaluated. Eleven of these recipients received kidneys from donors that were not treated for LTBI. Two of these recipients were treated with INH post‐transplantation.ConclusionsThe time from QFT‐GIT testing to donation was longer among QFT‐GIT–positive donors. The short‐course regimens appear to be excellent options for LTBI treatment among living kidney donors and avoid delaying organ donation further.
A biotechnology‐based male‐sterility system for hybrid seed production in tomato
Authors: Du Minmin , Zhou Ke , Liu Yuanyuan , Deng Lei , Zhang Xiaoyue , Lin Lihao , Zhou Ming , Zhao Wei , Wen Changlong , Xing Jiayi , Li Chang‐Bao , Li Chuanyou 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIncorporating male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high varietal purity. Despite these advantages, male‐sterile lines have not been widely used to produce tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hybrid seeds. We describe the development of a biotechnology‐based breeding platform that utilized genic male sterility to produce hybrid seeds. In this platform, we generated a novel male‐sterile tomato line by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐mediated mutagenesis of a stamen‐specific gene SlSTR1 and devised a transgenic maintainer by transforming male‐sterile plants with a fertility‐restoration gene linked to a seedling‐colour gene. Offspring of crosses between a hemizygous maintainer and the homozygous male‐sterile plant segregated into 50% non‐transgenic male‐sterile plants and 50% male‐fertile maintainer plants, which could be easily distinguished by seedling colour. This system has great practical potential for hybrid seed breeding and production as it overcomes the problems intrinsic to other male‐sterility systems and can be easily adapted for a range of tomato cultivars and diverse vegetable crops.
Suction Vortices in a Pump Sump—Their Origin, Formation, and Dynamics
Authors: Yamade Yoshinobu , Kato Chisachi , Nagahara Takahide , Matsui Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The origin, formation mechanism, and dynamics of suction vortices in a pump sump have been clarified by large eddy simulation (LES) applied to two different computational models. The first one is a pump-sump model with uniform flow entering a water channel of rectangular cross section and a vertical suction (outlet) pipe installed at its downstream end. LES with different wall boundary conditions have revealed that the origin of a submerged vortex is the mean shear of the approaching boundary layers that develop on the bottom and side walls of the sump. Detailed investigations have revealed that deviation of the mean flow triggers conversion of the vorticity axis to the vertical direction. The local acceleration of the vertical flow stretches the aforementioned vertical vortex, which results in the formation of a submerged vortex. The second one is a simplified computational model composed of a paraboloid of revolution and aims to accurately simulate the stretch of the viscous core of a submerged vortex that has appeared under the suction pipe of the pump-sump model. The differences between the models, especially predictions of the minimum pressure, imply that cavitation could have been initiated in the viscous core, if it had been taken into account, as is observed in the pump-sump experiment at the same condition. Parametric studies with different initial swirl numbers from 0.12 to 16.3 have clarified the behavior of the submerged vortex. It was found that a strong submerged vortex appears only at a relatively small range of the swirl numbers from 1.25 to 3.
Using Isotemporal Analyses to Examine the Relationships Between Daytime Activities and Cancer Recurrence Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Full Kelsie M. , Johnson Eileen , Takemoto Michelle , Hartman Sheri J. , Kerr Jacqueline , Natarajan Loki , Patterson Ruth E. , Sears Dorothy D. 
Published: January 2020

Background: For breast cancer survivors, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with improved survival. Less is known about the interrelationships of daytime activities (sedentary behavior [SB], light-intensity physical activity, and MVPA) and associations with survivors’ health outcomes. This study will use isotemporal substitution to explore reallocations of time spent in daytime activities and associations with cancer recurrence biomarkers. Methods: Breast cancer survivors (N = 333; mean age 63 y) wore accelerometers and provided fasting blood samples. Linear regression models estimated the associations between daytime activities and cancer recurrence biomarkers. Isotemporal substitution models estimated cross-sectional associations with biomarkers when time was reallocated from of one activity to another. Models were adjusted for wear time, demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Results: MVPA was significantly associated with lower insulin, C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and glucose, and higher sex hormone-binding globulin (all P < .05). Light-intensity physical activity and SB were associated with insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (both P < .05). Reallocating 18 minutes of SB to MVPA resulted in significant beneficial associations with insulin (−9.3%), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (−10.8%), glucose (−1.7%), and sex hormone-binding globulin (7.7%). There were no significant associations when 79 minutes of SB were shifted to light-intensity physical activity. Conclusions: Results illuminate the possible benefits for breast cancer survivors of replacing time spent in SB with MVPA.
Social Network Analysis in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Delgado Haley , Patterson Megan S. , Umstattd Meyer M. Renée 
Published: January 2020

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children and adolescents, yet many do not meet PA recommendations. Social context is important for promoting or discouraging PA among children and adolescents. This review aimed to identify social network variables related to PA among children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in September 2018 using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Included articles needed to (1) be focused on children (aged 5–11 y) or adolescents (aged 12–17 y), (2) include a measure of PA, (3) include a measure of egocentric or sociocentric social connection in which alters were nominated, and (4) perform an analysis between network data and PA. Results: A search of 11,824 articles was refined to a final sample of 29 articles. Social network themes and concepts such as homophily, centrality, and network composition were related to child and adolescent PA behavior across the literature. Conclusions: The impact of an individual’s social network is evident on their PA behaviors. More research is needed to examine why these networks form in relation to PA and how interventions can utilize social network analysis to more effectively promote PA, especially in underserved and minority populations.
Effectiveness of interventions targeting antibiotic use in long-term aged care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z , Gasparini Claudia , Li Ling , Baysari Melissa T , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThere are high levels of inappropriate antibiotic use in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Our objective was to examine evidence of the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce antibiotic use and/or inappropriate use in LTCFs.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from 1997 until November 2018.Eligibility criteriaControlled and uncontrolled studies in LTCFs measuring intervention effects on rates of overall antibiotic use and/or appropriateness of use were included. Secondary outcomes were intervention implementation barriers from process evaluations.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently applied the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care group’s resources to classify interventions and assess risk of bias. Meta-analyses used random effects models to pool results.ResultsOf include studies (n=19), 10 had a control group and 17 had a high risk of bias. All interventions had multiple components. Eight studies (with high risk of bias) showed positive impacts on outcomes and included one of the following interventions: audit and feedback, introduction of care pathways or an infectious disease team. Meta-analyses on change in the percentage of residents on antibiotics (pooled relative risk (RR) (three studies, 6862 residents): 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.18), appropriateness of decision to treat with antibiotics (pooled RR (three studies, 993 antibiotic orders): 1.10, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.91) and appropriateness of antibiotic selection for respiratory tract infections (pooled RR (three studies, 292 orders): 1.15, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.40), showed no significant intervention effects. However, meta-analyses only included results from intervention groups since most studies lacked a control group. Insufficient data prevented meta-analysis on other outcomes. Process evaluations (n=7) noted poor intervention adoption, low physician engagement and high staff turnover as barriers.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence that interventions employed to date are effective at improving antibiotic use in LTCFs. Future studies should use rigorous study designs and tailor intervention implementation to the setting.
Enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care: a systematic review
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena , Koulouglioti Christina , Lazzarino Runa , Ali Sheila 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesSocially assistive humanoid robots are considered a promising technology to tackle the challenges in health and social care posed by the growth of the ageing population. The purpose of our study was to explore the current evidence on barriers and enablers for the implementation of humanoid robots in health and social care.DesignSystematic review of studies entailing hands-on interactions with a humanoid robot.SettingFrom April 2018 to June 2018, databases were searched using a combination of the same search terms for articles published during the last decade. Data collection was conducted by using theRayyansoftware, a standardised predefined grid, and a risk of bias and a quality assessment tool.ParticipantsPost-experimental data were collected and analysed for a total of 420 participants. Participants comprised: older adults (n=307) aged ≥60 years, with no or some degree of age-related cognitive impairment, residing either in residential care facilities or at their home; care home staff (n=106); and informal caregivers (n=7).Primary outcomesIdentification of enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care, and consequent insights and impact. Future developments to inform further research.ResultsTwelve studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. None of the selected studies had an experimental design; hence overall quality was low, with high risks of biases. Several studies had no comparator, no baseline, small samples, and self-reported measures only. Within this limited evidence base, the enablers found were enjoyment, usability, personalisation and familiarisation. Barriers were related to technical problems, to the robots’ limited capabilities and the negative preconceptions towards the use of robots in healthcare. Factors which produced mixed results were the robot’s human-like attributes, previous experience with technology and views of formal and informal carers.ConclusionsThe available evidence related to implementation factors of socially assistive humanoid robots for older adults is limited, mainly focusing on aspects at individual level, and exploring acceptance of this technology. Investigation of elements linked to the environment, organisation, societal and cultural milieu, policy and legal framework is necessary.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018092866.
Chapter 11 Reworking of older (1.8 Ga) continental crust by Mesoproterozoic (1.5–1.4 Ga) orogeny, Blekinge–Bornholm orogen, southeastern Sweden
Authors: Wahlgren Carl-Henric , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The Blekinge–Bornholm orogen in southeastern Sweden consists of calc-alkaline to alkali–calcic intrusive rocks, rhyolites and dacites (1.8 Ga) that were structurally reworked under amphibolite facies conditions, affected by migmatization at mid-crustal levels at
c.
1.44 Ga and intruded at
c.
1.47–1.43 Ga by ferroan alkali–calcic plutons. This Mesoproterozoic orogen is bordered westwards by the Sveconorwegian orogen and northwards, along the boundary with well-preserved 1.8 Ga magmatic rocks in the Svecokarelian orogen, by a stitching
c.
1.45 Ga pluton and steeply dipping ductile zones with a south-side-up, dip-slip shear component. A variably developed gneissic fabric (S
1
) dips gently to moderately northwards and is affected by asymmetrical F
2
folds with a southerly vergence. Ductile high-strain zones with top-to-the south shear sense are suggested to correspond at depth to anomalously reflective zones along seismic profile BABEL line A. Open folding of the gneissosity around gently, north-plunging fold axes (F
3
) completed the ductile deformational evolution. Uncertainty remains about the timing of the amphibolite facies ductile fabric and the D
2
folding, which is either late-stage Svecokarelian (
c.
1.77–1.75 Ga) or Hallandian (
c.
1.47–1.43 Ga). Non-collisional, accretionary orogenic systems are suggested to have operated during both time periods, radical reorganization of the subduction trend accompanying the Mesoproterozoic event.
Chapter 19 Regional context and tectonostratigraphic framework of the early–middle Paleozoic Caledonide orogen, northwestern Sweden
Authors: Gee David G. , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The Scandian mountains in northwestern Sweden are dominated by the eastern part of the Scandinavian Caledonides, an orogen that terminated during the middle Paleozoic with Himalayan-style collision of the ancient continents of Baltica and Laurentia. In this foreland region, far-transported higher allochthons from an exotic continental margin (Rödingsfjället Nappe Complex) and underlying mostly oceanic-arc basin character (Köli Nappe Complex) were emplaced at least 700 km onto the Baltoscandian margin of Baltica. The thrust sheets below the Iapetus Ocean terranes were derived from the transition zone to Baltica (Seve Nappe Complex), comprising mainly siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks, hosting abundant metamorphosed
c.
600 Ma mafic intrusions. They preserve evidence of subduction (eclogites, garnet peridotites and microdiamonds in host paragneisses), starting in the late Cambrian; exhumation continued through the Ordovician. Underlying allochthons derived from the outer margin of Baltica are less-metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sandstone-dominated successions, also intruded by Ediacaran dolerite dykes (Särv Nappes); they are located tectonically above similar-aged metasandstone and basement slices, devoid of dykes (Offerdal and Tännäs Augen Gneiss nappes and equivalents). Lowermost allochthons (Jämtlandian Nappes and equivalents), from the inner Baltoscandian margin, provide evidence of Cryogenian rifting, Ediacaran–Cambrian drifting and platformal sedimentation, followed by foreland basin development in the Ordovician and Silurian.
Chapter 12 Dolerites (1.27–1.25 Ga) and alkaline ultrabasic dykes (
c.
1.14 Ga) related to intracratonic rifting
Authors: Ripa Magnus , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Doleritic sills, lopoliths and dykes were emplaced into the Paleoproterozoic craton in central Sweden at 1271–1264, 1259–1256 and
c.
1247 Ma, a complex temporal zonation occurring in a WSW–ENE direction. The dolerites are subalkaline to alkaline and show predominantly gabbroic, with a trend towards monzogabbroic and quartz monzodioritic, compositions. Positive ɛ
Nd
and ɛ
Hf
values suggest a significant depleted mantle component in the source volume of the parental magmas. Dyke orientations indicate extension, at least locally, in a northwesterly direction, consistent with a magma flow direction determined using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility values. Intracratonic rifting linked to the break-up of the supercontinent Columbia, back-arc extension above a subduction boundary in a westwards-retreating mode or a mantle plume tail above a continental hotspot have all been proposed for the tectonic setting. Renewed intracratonic rifting at
c.
1.14 Ga in the coastal area in northeasternmost Sweden resulted in the emplacement of alkaline ultrabasic dykes, including carbonatites (beforsites), silico-carbonatites and lamprophyres, in a north–south direction along an older shear belt. The broader tectonic setting of this extensional event is not known.
Chapter 13 Siliciclastic sedimentation in a foreland basin to the Sveconorwegian orogen and dolerites (0.98–0.95 Ga) related to intracratonic rifting
Authors: Ripa Magnus , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Sub-ophitic, equigranular or plagioclase-phyric dolerite dykes, referred to as the Blekinge–Dalarna dolerite (BDD) swarm, were emplaced during the time span 0.98–0.95 Ga and trend NNE–NNW in an arcuate fashion, parallel to and east of the Sveconorwegian orogen. Dolerite sills are locally present. These rocks are subalkaline to alkaline with a monzogabbroic or gabbroic composition and show a predominantly within-plate tectonic affinity. ɛ
Nd
and ɛ
Hf
values fall in the range −2 to +4 and +1 to +5, respectively. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks (Almesåkra Group) in a small outlier in southern Sweden were deposited in an aeolian to fluviatile or lacustrine environment and an arid or semi-arid warm palaeoclimate, coevally with the dolerite sills. Smaller occurrences of sandstone with peperitic field relationships to the BDD dykes are known from other localities. The spatial distribution, orientation and age of the BDD magmatic suite suggest roughly east–west extension in the eastern, cratonic foreland to the Sveconorwegian orogen during the latest phase of this mountain-building event, the age data tentatively suggesting a younging to the east. The siliciclastic sedimentary rocks represent an erosional relict of a larger and spatially much more extensive early Tonian foreland basin to this orogen, as proposed earlier on the basis of fission-track thermochronology.
Chapter 20 Lower thrust sheets in the Caledonide orogen, Sweden: Cryogenian–Silurian sedimentary successions and underlying, imbricated, crystalline basement
Authors: Gee David G. , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Jämtlandian Nappes and their equivalents further north, belonging to the lower thrust sheets in the Caledonide orogen of Sweden, comprise a mega-duplex of Cryogenian–Silurian sedimentary rocks sandwiched between structurally higher allochthons and a basal décollement. Further west towards the hinterland, crystalline basement is increasingly involved in this thrusting, imbricate stacking occurring beneath the décollement in antiformal windows. The sedimentary successions were derived from the Cryogenian rifted margin of Baltica, the Ediacaran–Cambrian drifted margin, and Ordovician and Silurian foreland basins. During the Early–Late Ordovician (Floian–Sandbian), hinterland-derived turbidites were deposited in response to early Caledonian accretion of subducted complexes belonging to the outermost margin of Baltica, now preserved in the higher allochthons. Following a quiescent period during the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) and early part of the Llandovery, collision of Laurentia and Baltica reactivated the foreland basins, with flysch and molasse deposition during the Llandovery–Wenlock. Collisional shortening during this Scandian orogenic episode continued into the Devonian. High- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphism accompanied Baltica's underthrusting of Laurentia in the deep hinterland, and prominent basement-cored antiforms developed towards the foreland during the advance of the orogenic wedge over the foreland basin onto the Baltoscandian platform.