bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of insecticide-treated bed net distribution systems in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Scates Sara S. , Finn Timothy P. , Wisniewski Janna , Dadi David , Mandike Renata , Khamis Mwinyi , Greer George , Serbantez Naomi , Segbaya Sylvester , Owusu Prince , Mihigo Jules , Gerberg Lilia , Acosta Angela , Koenker Hannah , Yukich Joshua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most cost-effective measures for preventing malaria. The World Health Organization recommends both large-scale mass distribution campaigns and continuous distributions (CD) as part of a multifaceted strategy to achieve and sustain universal access to ITNs. A combination of these strategies has been effective for scaling up ITN access. For policy makers to make informed decisions on how to efficiently implement CD or combined strategies, information on the costs and cost-effectiveness of these delivery systems is necessary, but relatively few published studies of the cost continuous distribution systems exist.

Methods
To address the gap in continuous distribution cost data, four types of delivery systems—CD through antenatal care services (ANC) and the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) (Ghana, Mali, and mainland Tanzania), CD through schools (Ghana and mainland Tanzania), and a combined community/health facility-based distribution (Zanzibar, Tanzania), as well as mass distributions (Mali)—were costed. Data on costs were collected retrospectively from financial and operational records, stakeholder interviews, and resource use surveys.

Results
Overall, from a full provider perspective, mass distributions and continuous systems delivered ITNs at overlapping economic costs per net distributed (mass distributions: 4.37–4.61 USD, CD channels: 3.56–9.90 USD), with two of the school-based systems and the mass distributions at the lower end of this range. From the perspective of international donors, the costs of the CD systems were, for the most part, less costly than the mass distributions (mass distributions: 4.34–4.55 USD, Ghana and Tanzania 2017 school-based: 3.30–3.69 USD, health facility-based: 3.90–4.55 USD, combined community/health facility 4.55 USD). The 2015 school-based distribution (7.30 USD) and 2016 health facility-based distribution (6.52 USD) programmes in Tanzania were an exception. Mass distributions were more heavily financed by donors, while CD relied more extensively on domestic resource contributions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that CD strategies can continue to deliver nets at a comparable cost to mass distributions, especially from the perspective of the donor.
Low-cost equipment for the evaluation of reach and grasp in post-stroke individuals: a pilot study
Authors: Gomes Camila L. A. , Cacho Roberta O. , Nobrega Viviane T. B. , de A. Confessor Ellen Marjorie , de Farias Eyshila Emanuelle M. , Neto José Leôncio F. , de Araújo Denise S. , de S. Medeiros Ana Loyse , Barreto Rodrigo L. , Cacho Enio W. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Reach–grasp movements are motor components commonly affected after stroke and directly related to the independence of these individuals. Evaluations of these activities can be performed using clinical instruments and assessed by detailed and costly kinematic analyses. The aim of this study was to develop an analysis of reach–grasp movements in post-stroke patients using a simple, inexpensive, and manageable instrument.

Results
A Mann–Whitney test was used to compare paretic and non-paretic limb motor performance. A statistically significant difference was found between the variables of total time (p = 0.02) and speed to reach target 3 (p = 0.04) for task 1, while in task 2 significance was found only in the aspect of speed to reach target 2 (p = 0.04). The correlation between clinical tests and variables of tasks was then performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. At task 1, when compared with the REACH instrument, the close target sub-item; there was a high positive correlation between the parameters of total time (p = 0.028), target velocity 3 (p = 0.028), and target acceleration 3 (p = 0.028). Another instrument that showed a high positive correlation with the target time 3 (p = 0.01) and target acceleration 3 (p = 0.028) variables was the Box and Block Test. When correlated, the data between the task 2 variables and clinical instruments did not present statistically significant data.

Conclusion
Our instrument—the Temporal Data Acquisition Instrument—TDAI—fulfilled the expected objectives and can be used as an option to evaluate the movements of reach and grasp of upper limb post-stroke, using an easy and fast application, without the need for calibration.
Trial registration Trial Registration: Research Ethics Committee of the Trairi School of Health Sciences—Number 2.625.609, approved on April 13, 2018; Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials—RBR-4995cr approved on July 4, 2019 retrospectively registered (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4995cr/)
Dealing with spatial misalignment to model the relationship between deprivation and life expectancy: a model-based geostatistical approach
Authors: Johnson Olatunji , Diggle Peter , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground Life expectancy at birth (LEB), one of the main indicators of human longevity, has often been used to characterise the health status of a population. Understanding its relationships with the deprivation is key to develop policies and evaluate interventions that are aimed at reducing health inequalities. However, methodological challenges in the analysis of LEB data arise from the fact that different Government agencies often provide spatially aggregated information on LEB and the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) at different spatial scales. Our objective is to develop a geostatistical framework that, unlike existing methods of inference, allows to carry out spatially continuous prediction while dealing with spatial misalignment of the areal-level data.Methods We developed a model-based geostatistical approach for the joint analysis of LEB and IMD, when these are available over different partitions of the study region. We model the spatial correlation in LEB and IMD across the areal units using inter-point distances based on a regular grid covering the whole of the study area. The advantages and strengths of the new methodology are illustrated through an analysis of LEB and IMD data from the Liverpool district council.Results We found that the effect of IMD on LEB is stronger in males than in females, explaining about 63.35% of the spatial variation in LEB in the former group and 38.92% in the latter. We also estimate that LEB is about 8.5 years lower between the most and least deprived area of Liverpool for men, and 7.1 years for women. Finally, we find that LEB, both in males and females, is at least 80% likely to be above the England wide average only in some areas falling in the electoral wards of Childwall, Woolton and Church.Conclusion The novel model-based geostatistical framework provides a feasible solution to the spatial misalignment problem. More importantly, the proposed methodology has the following advantages over existing methods used model LEB: (1) it can deliver spatially continuous inferences using spatially aggregated data; (2) it can be applied to any form of misalignment with information provided at a range of spatial scales, from areal-level to pixel-level.
Verification of EZH2 as a druggable target in metastatic uveal melanoma
Authors: Jin Bei , Zhang Ping , Zou Hailin , Ye Huijing , Wang Yun , Zhang Jing , Yang Huasheng , Pan Jingxuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatic metastasis develops in ~ 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients with no effective treatments. Although GNAQ/GNA11 mutations are believed to confer pathogenesis of UM, the underlying mechanism of liver metastasis remains poorly understood. Given that profound epigenetic evolution may occur in the long journey of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant organs, we hypothesized that EZH2 endowed tumor cells with enhanced malignant features (e.g., stemness and motility) during hepatic metastasis in UM. We aimed to test this hypothesis and explore whether EZH2 was a therapeutic target for hepatic metastatic UM patients.

Methods
Expression of EZH2 in UM was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) properties, migration and invasion were evaluated under circumstances of treatment with either EZH2 shRNA or EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. Antitumor activity and frequency of CSCs were determined by xenografted and PDX models with NOD/SCID mice. Hepatic metastasis was evaluated with NOG mice.

Results
We found that EZH2 overexpressed in UM promoted the growth of UM; EZH2 increased the percentage and self-renewal of CSCs by miR-29c-DVL2-β-catenin signaling; EZH2 facilitates migration and invasion of UM cells via RhoGDIγ-Rac1 axis. Targeting EZH2 either by genetics or small molecule inhibitor GSK126 decreased CSCs and motility and abrogated the liver metastasis of UM.

Conclusions
These findings validate EZH2 as a druggable target in metastatic UM patients, and may shed light on the understanding and interfering the complicated metastatic process.
MIR22HG acts as a tumor suppressor via TGFβ/SMAD signaling and facilitates immunotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Juan , Shao Tingting , Song Mingxu , Xie Yunjin , Zhou Jialiang , Yin Jiaqi , Ding Na , Zou Haozhe , Li Yongsheng , Zhang Jiwei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulatory elements and play fundamental roles in the biology of various cancers. However, we are still lack of knowledge about their expression patterns and functions in human colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Differentially expressed lncRNAs in CRC were identified by bioinformatics screen and the level of MIR22HG in CRC and control tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. Cell viability and migration capacities were examined by MTT and transwell assay. Mouse model was used to examine the function and rational immunotherapy of MIR22HG in vivo.

Results
We systematically investigated the expression pattern of lncRNAs and revealed MIR22HG acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. The expression of MIR22HG was significantly decreased in CRC, which was mainly driven by copy number deletion. Reduced expression of MIR22HG was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Silencing of MIR22HG promoted cell survival, proliferation and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MIR22HG exerts its tumor suppressive activity by competitively interacting with SMAD2 and modulating the activity of TGFβ pathway. Decreased MIR22HG promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CRC. Importantly, we found that MIR22HG expression is significantly correlated with CD8A and overexpression of MIR22HG triggers T cell infiltration, enhancing the clinical benefits of immunotherapy.

Conclusion
MIR22HG acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Our data provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of MIR22HG in TGFβ pathway and facilitates immunotherapy in cancer.
Understanding the relationships between mental disorders, self-reported health outcomes and positive mental health: findings from a national survey
Authors: Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Chong Siow Ann , Abdin Edimansyah , Siva Kumar Fiona Devi , Chua Boon Yiang , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Shafie Saleha , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Seow Esmond , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe link between mental illness and mental health is gaining focus in research and practice. This study aimed to investigate the association of mental disorders with positive mental health (PMH), overall health and quality of life. In addition, the role of PMH in mediating the relationships between mental disorders and health outcomes was assessed.MethodsThe study sample comprised 2270 residents aged 18 years and above who participated in a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey estimating the lifetime prevalence of mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders, and health outcomes (self-reported overall health, quality of life and PMH) in Singapore. The Positive Mental Health Instrument was used to estimate the level of Total PMH among the respondents with and without mental disorders. Associations between mental disorders and health outcomes were assessed through regression models. Path analyses were conducted to investigate mediating role of PMH.ResultsTotal PMH (Mean ± SD) was significantly lower among individuals having any of the studied lifetime mental disorders (4.23 ± 0.64 versus 4.50 ± 0.67 among those without these disorders). Although having a mood or anxiety disorder was associated with significantly lower Total PMH even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, similar relationship was not observed for alcohol use disorders. History of any mental disorders was also associated with lower overall health and quality of life. Total PMH mediated the relationships between mental disorders and overall health and quality of life by reducing the effect sizes for the associations between mental disorders and these health outcomes.ConclusionsMental disorders were associated with poor health outcomes in affected individuals. This study showed that PMH can mediate the relationships between mental disorders and health outcomes, and act as an underlying mechanism to improve overall health and quality of life in individuals with mental disorders. Findings thus highlight the significance of incorporating mental health promotion and interventions in clinical populations.
CDK1 and CDC20 overexpression in patients with colorectal cancer are associated with poor prognosis: evidence from integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Jianxin , Wang Yinchun , Wang Xin , Yang Qingqiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system, which causes severe financial burden worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms involved in CRC are still unclear.

Methods
To identify the significant genes and pathways involved in the initiation and progression of CRC, the microarray dataset GSE126092 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and then, the data was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on these DEGs using the DAVID database, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and analyzed using the Cytoscape software. Finally, hub genes were screened, and the survival analysis was performed on these hub genes using the Kaplan-Meier curves in the cBioPortal database.

Results
In total, 937 DEGs were obtained, including 316 upregulated genes and 621 downregulated genes. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in terms of nuclear division, organelle fission, cell division, and cell cycle process. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The PPI network comprised 608 nodes and 3100 edges, and 4 significant modules and 10 hub genes with the highest degree were identified using the Cytoscape software. Finally, survival analysis showed that overexpression of CDK1 and CDC20 in patients with CRC were statistically associated with worse overall survival.

Conclusions
This bioinformatics analysis revealed that CDK1 and CDC20 might be candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of CRC, which provided valuable clues for CRC.
Chitinase 3 like 1 suppresses the stability and activity of p53 to promote lung tumorigenesis
Authors: Park Kyung-Ran , Yun Hyung-Mun , Yoo Kyeongwon , Ham Young Wan , Han Sang Bae , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChitinase 3 like 1 protein (Chi3L1) is expressed in several cancers, and a few evidences suggest that the secreted Chi3L1 contributes to tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms of intracellular Chi3L1 are unknown in the lung tumor development.Methods:In the present study, we generated Chi3L1 knockout mice (Chi3L1KO(−/−)) using CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the role of Chi3L1 on lung tumorigenesis.ResultsWe established lung metastasis induced by i.v. injections of B16F10 in Chi3L1KO(−/−). The lung tumor nodules were significantly reduced in Chi3L1KO(−/−)and protein levels of p53, p21, BAX, and cleaved-caspase 3 were significantly increased in Chi3L1KO(−/−), while protein levels of cyclin E1, CDK2, and phsphorylation of STAT3 were decreased in Chi3L1KO(−/−). Allograft mice inoculated with B16F10 also suppressed tumor growth and increased p53 and its target proteins including p21 and BAX. In addition, knockdown of Chi3L1 in lung cancer cells inhibited lung cancer cell growth and upregulated p53 expression with p21 and BAX, and a decrease in phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, we found that intracellular Chi3L1 physically interacted and colocalized with p53 to inhibit its protein stability and transcriptional activity for target genes related with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In lung tumor patient, we clinically found that Chi3L1 expression was upregulated with a decrease in p53 expression, as well as we validated that intracellular Chi3L1 was colocalized, reversely expressed, and physically interacted with p53, which results in suppression of the expression and function of p53 in lung tumor patient.ConclusionsOur studies suggest that intracellular Chi3L1 plays a critical role in the lung tumorigenesis by regulating its novel target protein, p53 in both an in vitro and in vivo system.
Ascorbate protects liver from metabolic disorder through inhibition of lipogenesis and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)
Authors: Xu Yingying , Wu Yuhang , Xiong Yue , Tao Jiawang , Pan Tingcai , Tan Shenglin , Gao Ge , Chen Yan , Abbas Nasir , Getachew Anteneh , Zhuang Yuanqi , You Kai , Yang Fan , Li Yin-xiong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundFatty liver is a reversible status, but also an origin stage to develop to other metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes and heart disease that threatens public health worldwide. Ascorbate deficiency is reported to be correlated with increasing risks for metabolic syndromes, but whether ascorbate has a therapeutic effect is unknown. Here, we investigated if ascorbate treatment alone could work on protecting from the development of steatosis and mechanisms beyond.MethodsGuinea pigs were fed with a chow diet or a high palm oil diet (HPD) respectively. HPD induced animals were administered different concentrations of ascorbate in different time intervals through water. Besides, hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce lipid accumulation for molecular mechanism study.ResultsWe find that ascorbate rescues HPD and PA induced steatosis and insulin tolerance in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate that ascorbate changes cellular lipid profiles via inhibits lipogenesis, and inhibits the expression ofSOCS3via STAT3, thus enhances insulin signal transduction. Overexpression ofSOCS3abolishes the ascorbate rescue effects on insulin signal and lipid accumulation in hepatic cells.ConclusionsAscorbate ameliorates hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity through inhibiting lipogenesis andSOCS3.
International cooperation in public health in Martinique: geostrategic utility for cancer surveillance in the Caribbean
Authors: Joachim Clarisse , Almont Thierry , Drame Moustapha , Contaret Cédric , Vestris Mylène , Najioullah Fatiha , Aline-Fardin Aude , Escarmant Patrick , Leduc Nicolas , Grossat Nathalie , Promeyrat Xavier , Bougas Stefanos , Papadopoulou Eva , Vinh-Hung Vincent , Sylvestre Emmanuelle , Veronique-Baudin Jacqueline 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Cooperation in public health and in oncology in particular, is currently a major issue for the island of Martinique, given its geopolitical position in the Caribbean region. The region of Martinique shares certain public health problems with other countries of the Caribbean, notably in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with cancer. We present here a roadmap of cooperation priorities and activities in cancer surveillance and oncology in Martinique.

Main body
The fight against cancer is a key public health priority that features high on the regional health policy for Martinique. In the face of these specific epidemiological conditions, Martinique needs to engage in medical cooperation in the field of oncology within the Caribbean, to improve skills and knowledge in this field, and to promote the creation of bilateral relations that will help to improve cancer management in an international healthcare environment.

Conclusions
These collaborative exchanges will continue throughout 2020 and will lead to the implementation of mutual research projects across a larger population basin, integrating e-health approaches and epidemiological e-cohorts.
Ethnomycological study of edible and medicinal mushrooms in Menge District, Asossa Zone, Benshangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sitotaw Rediet , Lulekal Ermias , Abate Dawit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Menge District has long been inhabited by people who have a long tradition of using wild mushrooms mainly as food, source of income, and medicine. Extensive utilization of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) coupled with an ever-increasing population growth, deforestation, and agricultural land expansion threatens fungal diversity and WEM in the area. Hence, this study is aimed at documenting and analyzing the ethnomycological knowledge of the people in order to preserve the dwindling WEM wealth and associated indigenous knowledge.

Methods
Ethnomycological data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observations, and walk-in-the-woods methods. Statistical tests were used to compare the indigenous knowledge and practice of wild mushroom among different informant categories using One-way ANOVA and t tests.

Results
A total of 20 ethnomycologically important wild mushroom species belonging to ten genera and six families were identified, of which 15 were reported to be edible in the District. The family Lyophyllaceae was represented by the highest number of species (nine species, 45%) followed by Agaricaceae (seven species, 35%) and each of the remaining four families had single species representation. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed on the mean number of WEM reported among different group of respondents. Wild edible mushroom collection habit and practice was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by gender, age, and literacy level. The output of preference ranking exercise indicated Termitomyces schimperi was ranked first followed by Termitomyces letestui, Termitomyces microcarpus, and Termitomyces eurhizusas as the most preferred edible mushrooms respectively.

Conclusion
The present study shows that Menge District is rich in wild mushroom diversity and associated indigenous knowledge. However, anthropogenic factors together with loss of indigenous knowledge and very poor conservation efforts threaten the survival of economically and ecologically important mushrooms in the area. Thus, complementary in situ and ex situ mushroom conservation strategy is highly recommended.