bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological examination of the potential arrhythmic substrates in the setting of Ebstein’s malformation
Authors: Sánchez‐Quintana Damián , Cabrera José Angel , Picazo‐Angelin Beatriz , Cabrera Alberto , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias, notably Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome, are known to represent a major issue in patients with Ebstein’s malformation of the tricuspid valve. Abnormal conducting circuits, however, can also be produced by pathways extending either from the atrioventricular node or the ventricular components of the atrioventricular conduction axis, direct to the crest of the muscular ventricular septum. We hoped to provide further information on the potential presence of such pathways by investigations of six autopsied examples of Ebstein’s malformation. All were studied by histological sectioning on the full extent of the atrioventricular conduction axis, with limited sectioning of the right atrioventricular junction supporting the inferior and antero‐superior leaflets of the deformed tricuspid valve. We used the criteria established by Aschoff (Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie, 14, 1910, 3) and Mönckeberg (Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie, 14, 1910, 64) over a century ago to define abnormal connections across the atrioventricular junctions, as these definitions retain their validity for the identification of gross myocardial connections across the insulating tissues of the atrioventricular junctions. In one specimen, we found two discrete accessory myocardial connections across the parietal right atrioventricular junction. In all of the hearts, we found so‐called nodoventricular connections, and in one heart we also observed a well‐formed connection originating from the penetrating atrioventricular bundle. In addition to accessory myocardial connections across the parietal right atrioventricular junction, therefore, our histological findings demonstrate a potential role for direct connections between the atrioventricular conduction axis and the ventricular myocardium in the setting of Ebstein’s malformation.
Paradigm shifts in abdominal aortic aneurysm management based on vascular registries
Authors: de Guerre L. , Venermo M. , Mani K. , Wanhainen A. , Schermerhorn M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common and potentially fatal disease. The management of AAA has undergone extensive changes in the last two decades. High quality vascular surgical registries were established early and have been found to be instrumental in the evaluation and monitoring of these changes, most notably the wide implementation of minimally invasive endovascular surgical technology. Trends over the years showed the increased use of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) over open repair, the decreasing perioperative adverse outcomes and the early survival advantage of EVAR. Also, data from the early EVAR years changed the views on endoleak management and showed the importance of tracking the implementation of new techniques. Registry data complemented the randomized trials performed in aortic surgery by showing the high rate of laparotomy‐related reinterventions after open repair. Also, they are an essential tool for the understanding of outcomes in a broad patient population, evaluating the generalizability of findings from randomized trials and analysing changes over time. By using large‐scale data over longer periods of time, the importance of centralization of care to high‐volume centres was shown, particularly for open repair. Additionally, large‐scale databases can offer an opportunity to assess practice and outcomes in patient subgroups (e.g. treatment of AAA in women and the elderly) as well as in rare aortic pathologies. In this review article, we point out the most important paradigm shifts in AAA management based on vascular registry data.
Broader phenotypic traits and widespread brain hypometabolism in spinocerebellar ataxia 27
Authors: Paucar M. , Lundin J. , Alshammari T. , Bergendal Å. , Lindefeldt M. , Alshammari M. , Solders G. , Di Re J. , Savitcheva I. , Granberg T. , Laezza F. , Iwarsson E. , Svenningsson P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize a Swedish family with members affected by spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite normal structural neuroimaging, psychiatric manifestations and intellectual disability are part of the SCA27 phenotype raising the need for functional neuroimaging. Here, we used clinical assessments, structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize these new SCA27 patients. Since one patient presents with a psychotic disorder, an exploratory study of markers of schizophrenia associated with GABAergic neurotransmission was performed in fgf14−/− mice, a preclinical model that replicates motor and learning deficits of SCA27.MethodsA comprehensive characterization that included clinical assessments, cognitive tests, structural neuroimaging studies, brain metabolism with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET ([18F] FDG PET) and genetic analyses was performed. Brains of fgf14−/− mice were studied with immunohistochemistry.ResultsNine patients had ataxia, and all affected patients harboured an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13q33.1 encompassing the entire FGF14 and integrin subunit beta like 1 (ITGBL1) genes. New features for SCA27 were identified: congenital onset, psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and widespread hypometabolism that affected the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in all patients. Hypometabolism in the PFC was far more pronounced in a SCA27 patient with psychosis. Reduced expression of VGAT was found in the mPFC of fgf14−/− mice.ConclusionsThis is the second largest SCA27 family identified to date. We provide new clinical and preclinical evidence for a significant psychiatric component in SCA27, strengthening the hypothesis of FGF14 as an important modulator of psychiatric disease.
Personality, interview performance, and the mediating role of impression management
Authors: Bourdage Joshua S. , Schmidt Joseph , Wiltshire Jocelyn , Nguyen Brenda , Lee Kibeom 
Published: February 2020

The present study investigated the association between personality and job interview performance, as mediated by applicant use of impression management (IM) behaviours. We focused primarily on the novel role of Honesty‐Humility, with a secondary focus on Extraversion and an exploratory examination of other HEXACO personality traits. The sample consisted of 212 management students participating in high fidelity mock interviews with 70 experienced interviewers. Findings indicated that, across both self‐ and peer reports of personality, (low) Honesty‐Humility, (high) Extraversion, and (low) Emotionality predict IM use. In addition, mediation analyses indicated that individuals high in Extraversion and low on Emotionality may perform better in the interview through their use of IM. On the other hand, while Honesty‐Humility indirectly impacted interview performance through several paths, the overall effect was null, such that individuals low in Honesty‐Humility did not perform better in the interview. This is because they used both forms of IM that led to success, and those that detracted from success, thereby cancelling each other out. This study informs our knowledge of personality and interview performance, such that differences in the IM behaviours an individual chooses have implications for whether individuals with certain traits are successful.Practitioner points

Impression management behaviours have an important impact on how applicants are evaluated by interviewers.

Individuals who engage in IM may not be those who are necessarily better at the job once hired. They are predominantly high in Extraversion and low in Honesty‐Humility.
Reproductive tract development and histomorphometric analysis of testes in neonatal Zaraibi kids raised on milk replacer supplemented with sodium butyrate
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud Yassin , Saba Fatma E. , Gomaa Abdelhameed A. A. I. , Desoky Ahmed L. I. , Almwafy Ayman A. , AbdEl‐Salam Omnia M. , Ibrahim Eid M. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on reproductive tract development and histomorphometric analysis of testes in neonatal kids, as well as on their growth, antioxidant status and some blood metabolites. Thirty‐six neonatal Zaraibi kids were divided immediately after 4–5 days from birth into three equal groups (12 kids/ each). The first group (G1) received milk replacer (MR) at a rate of 10% of the body weight until the weaning. The second group (G2) received 9.7% MR supplemented with 0.3% SB. The third group (G3) received whole milk and served as a control. The results revealed that there was significant (p < .001) increase in total and daily gain between the G2 and G1 groups, whereas there was no significant change between G2 and G3 groups. Body condition score was slightly increased (p > .05) in G2 compared with G1. Serum total protein and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in treated groups compared with the G3 group, on reverse globulin and glucose levels had no significant changes. Also, T3 and testosterone concentrations were significantly (p < .0001 & p < .05) higher in G3 and G2 than G1. Antioxidant status was enhanced through decreasing the oxidative marker and increasing antioxidant enzymes activity in G2. Testis parameters in G3 and G2 kids had the highest values, compared with G1. G1 and G2 had thin basement membrane of seminiferous tubules with few Leydig cells and pyknotic germinal epithelium, while G3 showed thick basement membrane, mild wide interstitial spaces with many Leydig cells. The tubular diameter was also significantly larger in the G3 and G2. It could be concluded that MR supplemented with SB can be used as alternative whole milk in suckling goat kids for maintaining reproductive tract and kids' performance through improving the antioxidant status.
Effect of different nitrogen sources on the viscosity and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Nie Zuoming , Zheng Zhiyong , Zhu Li , Zhan Xiaobei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to determine the rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 using different nitrogen sources. The viscosity and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 from different ratios of inorganic, organic, and mixture of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources were measured under different conditions of pH, rotational speeds, and temperatures and also in the presence of various metal ions. Increasing the proportion of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as the nitrogen source enhanced the viscosity and the ability of welan gum solution to resist high temperatures and salinity. The viscosity of welan gum solution derived from all three nitrogen sources gradually declined when the rotational speed was increased and stabilized at rotational speeds >30 rpm. The elastic modulus and viscous modulus were highest for a welan gum solution derived from 4.0 g/L NaNO3. The viscosity, temperature, and salt tolerance were superior when a welan gum solution was produced from NaNO3 in comparison with that produced from organic nitrogen source.
Renin‐angiotensin aldosterone profile before and after angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor administration in dogs with angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene polymorphism
Authors: Adin Darcy , Atkins Clarke , Domenig Oliver , DeFrancesco Teresa , Keene Bruce , Tou Sandra , Stern Joshua A. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism occurs in dogs; however, functional importance is not well studied.HypothesisWe hypothesized that dogs with the polymorphism would show alternative renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) pathway activation and classical RAAS pathway suppression before and after ACE‐inhibitor administration, as compared to dogs without the polymorphism that would show this pattern only after ACE‐inhibitor administration.AnimalsTwenty‐one dogs with mitral valve disease that were genotyped for the ACE gene polymorphism.MethodsThis retrospective study utilized stored samples from 8 ACE gene polymorphism‐negative (PN) dogs and 13 ACE gene polymorphism‐positive (PP) dogs before and after enalapril administration. Equilibrium analysis was performed to evaluate serum RAAS metabolites and enzyme activities. Results were compared before and after enalapril, and between groups.ResultsThe classical RAAS pathway was suppressed and the alternative RAAS pathway was enhanced for both genotypes after administration of enalapril, with no differences before enalapril administration. Aldosterone breakthrough occurred in both PN (38%) and PP (54%) dogs despite angiotensin II suppression. Aldosterone was significantly higher (P = .02) in ACE gene PP dogs (median, 92.17 pM; IQR, 21.85‐184.70) compared to ACE gene PN dogs (median, 15.91 pM; IQR, <15.00‐33.92) after enalapril.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe ACE gene polymorphism did not alter baseline RAAS activity. Aldosterone breatkthrough in some dogs suggests nonangiotensin mediated aldosterone production that might be negatively influenced by genotype. These results support the use of aldosterone receptor antagonists with ACE‐inhibitors when RAAS inhibition is indicated for dogs, especially those positive for the ACE gene polymorphism.
Movement ecology and sex are linked to barn owl microbial community composition
Authors: Corl Ammon , Charter Motti , Rozman Gabe , Toledo Sivan , Turjeman Sondra , Kamath Pauline L. , Getz Wayne M. , Nathan Ran , Bowie Rauri C.K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe behavioural ecology of host species is likely to affect their microbial communities, because host sex, diet, physiology, and movement behaviour could all potentially influence their microbiota. We studied a wild population of barn owls (Tyto alba) and collected data on their microbiota, movement, diet, size, coloration, and reproduction. The composition of bacterial species differed by the sex of the host and female owls had more diverse bacterial communities than their male counterparts. The abundance of two families of bacteria, Actinomycetaceae and Lactobacillaceae, also varied between the sexes, potentially as a result of sex differences in hormones and immunological function, as has previously been found with Lactobacillaceae in the microbiota of mice. Male and female owls did not differ in the prey they brought to the nest, which suggests that dietary differences are unlikely to underlie the differences in their microbiota. The movement behaviour of the owls was associated with the host microbiota in both males and females because owls that moved further from their nest each day had more diverse bacterial communities than owls that stayed closer to their nests. This novel result suggests that the movement ecology of hosts can impact their microbiota, potentially on the basis of their differential encounters with new bacterial species as the hosts move and forage across the landscape. Overall, we found that many aspects of the microbial community are correlated with the behavioural ecology of the host and that data on the microbiota can aid in generating new hypotheses about host behaviour.
Self‐monitoring accuracy does not increase throughout undergraduate medical education
Authors: Kämmer Juliane E. , Hautz Wolf E. , März Maren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextAccurate self‐assessment of one's performace on a moment‐by‐moment basis (ie, accurate self‐monitoring) is vital for the self‐regulation of practising physicians and indeed for the effective regulation of self‐directed learning during medical education. However, little is currently known about the functioning of self‐monitoring and its co‐development with medical knowledge across medical education. This study is the first to simultaneously investigate a number of relevant aspects and measures that have so far been studied separately: different measures of self‐monitoring for a broad area of medical knowledge across 10 different performance levels.MethodsThis study assessed the self‐monitoring accuracy of medical students (n = 3145) across 10 semesters. Data collected during the administration of the formative Berlin Progress Test Medicine (PTM) were analysed. The PTM comprises 200 multiple‐choice questions covering all major medical disciplines and organ systems. A self‐report indicator (ie, confidence) and two behavioural indicators of self‐monitoring accuracy (ie, response time and the likelihood of changing an initial answer to a correct rather than an incorrect item) were examined for their development over semesters.ResultsAnalyses of more than 390 000 observations (of approximately 250 students per semester) showed that confidence was higher for correctly than for incorrectly answered items and that 86% of items answered with high confidence were indeed correct. Response time and the likelihood of the initial answer being changed were higher when the initial answer was incorrect than when it was correct. Contrary to expectations, no differences in self‐monitoring accuracy were observed across semesters.ConclusionsConvergent evidence from different measures of self‐monitoring suggests that medical students self‐monitor their knowledge on a question‐by‐question basis well, although not perfectly, and to the same degree as has been found in studies outside medicine. Despite large differences in performance, no variations in self‐monitoring across semesters (with the exception of the first semester) were observed.
The Arabidopsis exocyst subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate FLS2 homeostasis at the plasma membrane
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Na , Gao Chenyang , Cai Huiren , Romeis Tina , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: March 2020

Summary

The plasma membrane (PM)‐localized receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) recognizes bacterial flagellin or its immunogenic epitope flg22, and initiates microbe‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity, which inhibits infection by bacterial pathogens. The localization, abundance and activity of FLS2 are under dynamic control.

Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana EXO70B1, a subunit of the exocyst complex, plays a critical role in FLS2 signaling that is independent of the truncated Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor‐nucleotide binding sequence protein TIR‐NBS2 (TN2). In the exo70B1‐3 mutant, the abundance of FLS2 protein at the PM is diminished, consistent with the impaired flg22 response of this mutant. EXO70B1‐GFP plants showed increased FLS2 accumulation at the PM and therefore enhanced FLS2 signaling.

The EXO70B1‐mediated trafficking of FLS2 to the PM is partially independent of the PENETRATION 1 (PEN1)‐containing secretory pathway. In addition, EXO70B1 interacts with EXO70B2, a close homolog of EXO70B1, and both proteins associate with FLS2 and contribute to the accumulation of FLS2 at the PM.

Taken together, our data suggest that the exocyst complex subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate the trafficking of FLS2 to the PM, which represents a new layer of regulation of FLS2 function in plant immunity.
Identifying the core attributes of pediatric communication techniques to be taught to anesthetic trainees
Authors: Mann Caroline Mary , Kennedy Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetic induction and other procedures performed by anesthetists are potentially stressful for children. Pediatric anesthetists use communication to rapidly establish rapport and engagement with children and reduce anxiety and discomfort. Communication in pediatric anesthesia is increasingly topical, but there is limited discussion regarding which specific techniques should be taught to trainees.AimsThe aim of this research was to identify which communication techniques used locally by pediatric anesthetic specialists, trainees, and nurses are viewed as the most effective and valuable to teach trainees.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured focus groups (7) and in‐depth interviews (7) were used to gather data from 30 specialist pediatric anesthetists, trainees, and assistants from a major tertiary pediatric anesthetic department. Inductive and deductive thematic data analysis explored communication techniques used locally.ResultsThe research identified the range of communication techniques being utilized to establish rapport and engage with children, including methods for distraction and focusing attention such as storytelling, guided imagery, and positive suggestions. Thematic analysis revealed a series of core overarching principles for successful application, using social skills within an adaptable, competent, child‐centered approach. Drawing on the experiences of specialist practitioners and trainees, teaching these communication techniques would ideally employ an interactive approach involving both modeling and specific communication education with focus on developing communication skills via experiential learning using self‐reflection and feedback.ConclusionsWithin the range of communication techniques being utilized by pediatric anesthetists exist a series of core principles that are essential to engaging and building rapport with children. Focusing on the importance of these common core elements in trainee education, in addition to the range of techniques available, may provide a pragmatic framework for centers providing pediatric anesthesia to consider when designing their trainee curriculum.
Clinical Trials and Basic Research in Photodynamic Diagnostics and Therapies from the Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Poland
Authors: Kawczyk‐Krupka Aleksandra , Bartusik‐Aebisher Dorota , Latos Wojciech , Cieślar Grzegorz , Sieroń Karolina , Kwiatek Sebastian , Oleś Piotr , Kwiatek Beata , Aebisher David , Krupka Magdalena , Wiench Rafał , Skaba Dariusz , Olek Marcin , Kasperski Jacek , Czuba Zenon , Sieroń Aleksander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to present an overview of the development of photodiagnostic and photodynamic therapy (PDD and PDT) techniques in Poland. The paper discusses the principles of PDD, including fluorescent techniques in determining precancerous conditions and cancers of the skin, digestive tract, bladder and respiratory tract. Methods of PDT of cancer will be discussed and the current state of knowledge as well as future trends in the development of photodynamic techniques will be presented, including the possibility of using photodynamic antimicrobial therapy. Research pioneers in photodynamic medicine such as Thomas Dougherty are an inspiration for the development of methods of PDD and PDT in our Clinic. The Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Bytom, Poland, promotes the propagation of PDD and PDT through the training of clinicians and raising awareness among students in training and the general public. Physicians at the Center are engaged in photomedical research aimed at clinical implementation and exploration of new avenues in photomedicine while optimizing existing modalities. The Center promotes dissemination of clinical results from a wide range of topics in PDD and PDT and serving as representative authorities of photodynamic medicine in Poland and Europe.