bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomic Hyperactivity
Authors: Rabinstein Alejandro A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Autonomic hyperactivity is a relatively common consequence of severe acute brain injury and can also be seen with spinal cord and peripheral nerve disorders. This article reviews basic pathophysiologic concepts regarding autonomic hyperactivity, its various forms of clinical presentation, and practical management considerations.

RECENT FINDINGS
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is most common after traumatic brain injury but can also occur after other forms of severe acute diffuse or multifocal brain injury. Formal criteria for the diagnosis and severity grading of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity have now been proposed. A growing body of literature is beginning to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this disorder, but treatment remains based on observational data. Our mechanistic understanding of other distinct forms of autonomic hyperactivity, such as autonomic dysreflexia after traumatic spinal cord injury and dysautonomia after Guillain-Barré syndrome, remains rudimentary, yet clinical experience shows that their appropriate management can minimize the risk of serious complications.

SUMMARY
Syndromes of autonomic hyperactivity can result from injury at all levels of the neuraxis. Much more research is needed to refine our understanding of these disorders and guide optimal management decisions.
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Neurally Mediated Syncope
Authors: Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy K. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the diagnosis and management of the most common disorders of orthostatic intolerance: postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and neurally mediated syncope.

RECENT FINDINGS
POTS is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by several pathophysiologic mechanisms that may coexist (limited autonomic neuropathy, hyperadrenergic state, hypovolemia, venous pooling, joint hypermobility, deconditioning). Neurally mediated syncope occurs despite intact autonomic reflexes. Management of orthostatic intolerance aims to increase functional capacity, including standing time, performance of daily activities, and exercise tolerance. Nonpharmacologic strategies (fluid and salt loading, physical countermaneuvers, compression garments, exercise training) are fundamental for patients with POTS, occasionally complemented by medications to raise blood pressure or slow heart rate. Neurally mediated syncope is best managed by recognition and avoidance of triggers.

SUMMARY
Significant negative effects on quality of life occur in patients with POTS and in patients with recurrent neurally mediated syncope, which can be mitigated through targeted evaluation and thoughtful management.
Being Ocean as Praxis
Authors: Gumbs Alexis Pauline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay offers a meditation on how the idea of being human as praxis, as developed by Sylvia Wynter and Katherine McKittrick, applies to a melting planet. What is the intersubjectivity demanded by (and causing) the deadly heating of the ocean, and how is it informed by theories of blackness impacted by transatlantic oceanic encounter?
Relationship between postpartum depression and lactation status at a Japanese perinatal center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Shunji 
Published: January 2020

Background: Some studies have demonstrated that breastfeeding can protect mothers from postpartum depression; therefore, we examined the association between postpartum depression and lactation status at one month after delivery at a Japanese perinatal center. Methods: We reviewed the obstetric records of all (total 809) nulliparous healthy women with vaginal singleton delivery at 37-41 weeks’ gestation at our institute between July 2018 and June 2019. A face-to-face interview with the women was conducted on admission for delivery to ask whether or not they hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies, and an additional interview was conducted one month after delivery to ask about their feeding methods currently. Maternal mental status was examined based on the scores using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women with EPDS scores of ≥9 points were regarded as ‘positive screening’. Results: 592 women (73.1%) hoped to perform exclusive breastfeeding for their babies on admission. Of these, at one month, 442 (74.7%) performed exclusive breastfeeding, while 150 (25.3%) performed mixed or artificial feeding. The average EPDS scores and the incidence of EPDS scores ≥9 points in the women performing exclusive breastfeeding were 4.3 ± 3.6 and 14.3% (63/442), respectively. They did not differ from those in the women performing mixed or artificial breast feeding [4.2 ± 3.7, p = 0.60 and 13.3% (20/150), p = 0.78]. Conclusion: Development of postpartum depression does not seem to be associated with incomplete breastfeeding at our hospital, and therefore there are other risk factors indicated in the development of postpartum depression.
UMA INTERLOCUÇÃO ENTRE O DIREITO E A PSICANÁLISE: FAMÍLIAS MONOPARENTAIS PODEM PROPICIAR UMA CONVIVÊNCIA FAMILIAR E SEREM ESTRUTURANTES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO PSIQUISMO DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES?
Authors: Goldenberg Gita Wladimirski , Ramos Catarina 
Published: January 2020

O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tem passado por mudanças no que concerne à importância dada à afetividade. Se antes o Código Civil de 1916 dava ênfase às relações patrimoniais e ao casamento entre homem e mulher, o mesmo não se pode dizer do Código Civil de 2002. Isso é corroborado pelo Direito Civil-Constitucional e o efeito normativo dado aos princípios positivados pela Constituição de 1988, que versam sobre afetividade e igualdade. A psicanálise, por sua vez, exerce papel crucial nessa forma de interpretar o Direito, uma vez que tem estudos bem desenvolvidos sobre relações interpessoais e o convívio profundo e continuado. A interdisciplinaridade torna factível um conhecimento mais aprofundado de diversas áreas jurídicas e, em consequência disso, um resultado prático positivo para uma ciência que trata com pessoas e suas relações com a sociedade e o Estado. Após estudo aprofundado sobre o afeto e a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento e respeito da dignidade humana em famílias monoparentais – aquelas compostas por apenas um genitor e seus descendentes –, fica claro como esse diálogo com a psicanálise pode ajudar o Direito, conhecidamente conservador, a evoluir para superar paradigmas. Assim, é possível afirmar que as famílias monoparentais estão igualmente aptas a propiciar um ambiente saudável para o desenvolvimento do psiquismo da criança ou do adolescente, bem como podem proporcionar uma estrutura familiar capaz de observar os princípios da Constituição e do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Ante o exposto, fica claro que a interdisciplinaridade só traz benefícios para todas as áreas envolvidas.
Cultural adaptation and reliability of the ‘Global Physical Activity Questionnaire’ in patients with heart failure in Greece
Authors: Siettou Katerina , Fotos Nikolaos V. , Brokalaki Hero , Giannakopoulou Margarita 
Published: January 2020

Background Physical activity constitutes an important factor for the assessment of quality of life of people with heart failure. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire has never been used for the evaluation of physical activity of people with heart failure. Aims The purpose of this study was to translate the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire into Greek and examine its reliability in 120 patients with heart failure. Methods The reliability of the tool was examined in a sub-population of the sample (30 patients with heart failure), 15 days after the first completion of the questionnaire. Findings Total score of physical activity was low (458.99 METs-minutes/week), whereas sedentary behaviour was very high (741.43 minutes/week). There was no decline between the first and second measurements, and the two measurements were statistically significantly correlated. Conclusions The findings provide evidence that the Greek version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire is a reliable tool for assessing the physical activity of Greek patients with heart failure.
Disrupting disproportionality proceedings: the recommendations
Authors: Archibong Uduak , Kline Roger , Eshareturi Cyril , McIntosh Bryan 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims Previous research indicated that BAME staff are disproportionately represented in NHS disciplinary proceedings. Methods To review the findings from part one of this two-part series and give appropriate recommendations. Results Six factors explaining this disproportionality emerged: closed culture and climate; subjective attitudes and behaviour; inconclusive disciplinary data; unfair decision making; poor disciplinary support and disciplinary policy misapplication. Conclusions Disciplinary policy needs streamlining, and greater clarity needs to be achieved regarding the difference between disciplinary, capability and performance issues. This article makes several recommendations to help reach equality in disciplinary hearings.
Financial sustainability of NHS Foundation Trusts in England five years after the enactment of the Health and Social Care Act of 2012
Authors: Coates Rachael S , Mofidi Reza 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims The enactment of the Health and Social Care Act (2012) led to significant structural changes in how hospital services are commissioned and has introduced direct competition with the private sector. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the act on the financial position of the Shelford Group of NHS Trusts, 5 years after the act's enactment. Methods The levels of clinical activity, annual accounts and statements of financial position produced by the 10 Trusts for the financial years 2010/2011 to 2017/2018 were examined. Findings The key financial indicators for each organisation were collected. Key financial indicators for the period just before the Act were compared with the corresponding values for the period of 5 years after the enactment of the Act. The Shelford group of NHS Trusts provided 15 047 304 patient care episodes in 2017/2018, which represented a rise of 6.34% over 5 years. This was a significant slowdown in clinical, which had grown by 18.57% in the 4 years immediately before the act. There were no significant differences in the mean operating surplus returned by the Shelford Group in the 5 years after the Act, compared to before its implementation. The median cost of finance for each organisation increased by 35.4% from £18 245 000 to £24 703 000. The total capital employed remained static over the 5 years following enactment of the Act. There were no significant differences in levels of liquidity and leverage of the Shelford Group in the 5 years after the Act compared to before. Conclusions The financial position of the Shelford Group of Trusts has not been adversely affected by the Health and Social Care Act (2012) , although there was some evidence that the operational finances of these NHS Trusts were less robust in the 5 years following the Act.
Super-resolution optical mapping of floating macroalgae from geostationary orbit
Authors: Cui Tingwei , Li Feng , Wei Yunhong , Yang Xue , Xiao Yanfang , Chen Xiaoying , Liu Rongjie , Ma Yi , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2020

The spatial resolution of an observation from a geostationary orbiting satellite is usually too coarse to track small scale macroalgae blooms. For macroalgae mapping to benefit from a geostationary orbit’s staring monitoring and frequent revisit intervals, we introduced a super-resolution method that reconstructs a high-resolution (HR) image of a region from a sequence of raw geostationary low-resolution images of the same region. We tested our method with GF-4 images at 50 m spatial resolution and demonstrated that the spatial resolution increased to 25 m. In addition, the derived HR image had better image quality characterized by a higher signal-to-noise ratio, clarity, and contrast. The increased spatial resolution and improved image quality improved our ability to distinguish macroalgae patches from the surrounding waters, especially tiny patches of macroalgae, and to precisely delineate the patch boundaries. Lastly, we more accurately estimated the areal coverage of the patches by reducing underestimation of the coverage of tiny patches and overestimation of the coverage of large patches.
Nitrous oxide detection at 5.26  µm with a compound glass antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Krzempek Karol , Dudzik Grzegorz , Sazio Pier J. , Belardi Walter 
Published: January 2020

Laser-based gas sensors utilizing various light-gas interaction phenomena have proved their capacity for detecting different gases. However, achieving reasonable sensitivity, especially in the mid-infrared, is crucial. Improving sensor detectivity usually requires incorporating multipass cells, which increase the light-gas interaction path length at a cost of reduced stability. An unconventional solution comes with the aid of hollow-core fibers. In such a fiber, light is guided inside an air-core which, when filled with the analyte gas can serve as a low-volume and robust absorption cell. Here we report on the use of a borosilicate antiresonant hollow-core fiber for laser-based gas sensing. Due to its unique structure and guidance, this fiber provides low-loss, single-mode transmission

>

5

µ

m

. The feasibility of using the fiber as a gas cell was verified by detecting nitrous oxide at 5.26 µm with a minimum detection limit of 20 ppbv.
Experimental observation of internally pumped parametric oscillation and quadratic comb generation in a χ(2) whispering-gallery-mode microresonator
Authors: Hendry Ian , Trainor Luke S. , Xu Yiqing , Coen Stéphane , Murdoch Stuart G. , Schwefel Harald G. L. , Erkintalo Miro 
Published: January 2020

We report on the experimental observation of internally pumped parametric oscillation in a high-

Q

lithium niobate microresonator under conditions of natural phase matching. Specifically, launching near-infrared pump light around 1060 nm into a

z

-cut congruent lithium niobate microresonator, we observe the generation of optical sidebands around the input pump under conditions where second-harmonic generation is close to natural phase matching. We find that a wide range of different sideband frequency shifts can be generated by varying the experimental parameters. Under particular conditions, we observe the cascaded generation of several sidebands around the pump—the first steps of optical frequency comb generation via cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation.
Archives and blank spots: scholarly perspectives for recovering Polish music (1794–1945)
Authors: Gmys Marcin 
Published: January 2020

In this article, the author tries to present the issue of blank spots in the history of Polishmusic since 1794 (the world premiere of Cud mniemany, czyli Krakowiacy i Górale [The supposedmirtacle, or Cracovians and highlanders] composed by Jan Stefani to the libretto of Wojciech Bogusławski is regarded as a symbolic beginning of national style in Polish music) up to the end of the SecondWorld War. It was a great period in history when Poland twice did not exist as a state (between1795 and 1918 and between 1939 and 1945).At the beginning the attention is drawn to the Polish music in the nineteenth century. Author describes new discoveries such as the Second Piano Quintet in E flat Major (with double bassinstead of second cello) by Józef Nowakowski (Chopin’s friend), and String Quartets op. 1 and monumentaloratorio Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi by Józef Elsner who was Chopin’s teacher in the Conservatory of Music in Warsaw (Elsner’s Passio discovered at the end of the twentieth century isregarded now as the most outstanding religious piece in the history of Polish music in the nineteenth century). Among other works author also mentions romantic opera Monbar (1838) by Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński and first opera of Stanisław Moniuszko Die Schweitzerhütte (about 1839) written to the German libretto during composer’s studies at Singakademie Berlin. Addressing the issue of Polish music of the first half of the twentieth century author draws attention to the composer Eugeniusz Morawski regarded as the leading Polish author of programme music next to Mieczysław Karłowicz (unfortunately Morawski is still forgotten figure in the Polish musical life). Among others the importance of symphonic heritage of Feliks Nowowiejski, an author ofextremely popular in Europe during the second decade of twentieth century oratorio Quo vadis, is mentioned. At the end of article, the author takes up the problem of the enigmatic figure of Adolf Gużewski.The whole musical output of Gużewski, whose opera Dziewica lodowców [The Ice Maiden] was applauded in Warsaw and Russian opera houses in the second decade of the twentieth century, is now considered lost.
Formy zagospodarowania mienia Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa po zmianie przepisów z 2016 roku
Authors: Suchoń Aneta 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the author of the article was to determine the impact of the amendments to the legal regulations, especially those introduced by the Act of 14 April 2016 on suspending the sale of real estate from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, on the forms of property development. In particular, it is to determine which of these forms dominate and to indicate the legal conditions related to their functioning. Among other things, it has been noted the sale of the property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock has significantly decreased in comparison with the years 2009–2014, while the area of agricultural land being leased is growing. The amendments to the regulations have therefore strengthened the role of leasing in rural relations. Moreover, the National Agricultural Support Centre enjoys greater rights when selling agricultural property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, not only before but also after the contract of sale is finalised. The same is true when it comes to the exercise of the pre-emption right to acquire shares in companies owing agricultural property.
Real and Perceived Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Cycling in Experienced Cyclists
Authors: Anderson Dawn E. , German Rachel E. , Harrison Megan E. , Bourassa Keely N. , Taylor Cara E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Anderson, DE, German, RE, Harrison, ME, Bourassa, KN, and Taylor, CE. Real and perceived effects of caffeine on sprint cycling in experienced cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 929–933, 2020—Caffeine ingestion before an exercise bout may provide ergogenic effects on anaerobic performance, particularly in trained athletes. However, the degree of influence of caffeine may be coupled with the placebo effect. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design was used to determine the real and perceived effects of caffeine on anaerobic performance. Ten competitively trained cyclists (9 men and 1 woman) completed 3 trials of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Subjects were given coffee that they believed contained a high caffeine dose, a low caffeine dose, or a placebo 45 minutes before WAnT. Subjects were actually given 2 placebos (decaffeinated coffee) and one dose of caffeine (280 mg). Level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences were found between trials for blood lactate concentration and heart rate. Seven of the subjects (70%) correctly identified the caffeine trial as the high caffeine trial. Time to peak power was significantly shorter for the trial in which subjects incorrectly guessed they had consumed caffeine when given the placebo compared with placebo trial (1.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 seconds). Power drop was significantly higher for the trial in which subjects incorrectly guessed they had consumed caffeine when given the placebo compared with placebo trial (524 ± 37 vs. 433 ± 35 W). There seems to be a placebo effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance. Improved performance may result from psychological advantages rather than physical advantages. Coaches may find it beneficial to use a placebo to improve anaerobic performance, especially if concerned about the side effects or cost of caffeine.
Dual-Component Structural Plasticity Mediated by αCaMKII Autophosphorylation on Basal Dendrites of Cortical Layer 2/3 Neurones
Authors: Seaton Gillian , Hodges Gladys , de Haan Annelies , Grewal Aneesha , Pandey Anurag , Kasai Haruo , Fox Kevin 
Published: January 2020

Sensory cortex exhibits receptive field plasticity throughout life in response to changes in sensory experience and offers the experimental possibility of aligning functional changes in receptive field properties with underpinning structural changes in synapses. We looked at the effects on structural plasticity of two different patterns of whisker deprivation in male and female mice: chessboard deprivation, which causes functional plasticity; and all deprived, which does not. Using 2-photon microscopy and chronic imaging through a cranial window over the barrel cortex, we found that layer 2/3 neurones exhibit robust structural plasticity, but only in response to whisker deprivation patterns that cause functional plasticity. Chessboard pattern deprivation caused dual-component plasticity in layer 2/3 by (1) increasing production of new spines that subsequently persisted for weeks and (2) enlarging spine head sizes in the preexisting stable spine population. Structural plasticity occurred on basal dendrites, but not apical dendrites. Both components of plasticity were absent in αCaMKII-T286Amutants that lack LTP and experience-dependent potentiation in barrel cortex, implying that αCaMKII autophosphorylation is not only important for stabilization and enlargement of spines, but also for new spine production. These studies therefore reveal the relationship between spared whisker potentiation in layer 2/3 neurones and the form and mechanisms of structural plasticity processes that underlie them.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides a missing link in a chain of reasoning that connects LTP to experience-dependent functional plasticityin vivo. We found that increases in dendritic spine formation and spine enlargement (both of which are characteristic of LTP) only occurred in barrel cortex during sensory deprivation that produced potentiation of sensory responses. Furthermore, the dendritic spine plasticity did not occur during sensory deprivation in mice lacking LTP and experience-dependent potentiation (αCaMKII autophosphorylation mutants). We also found that the dual-component dendritic spine plasticity only occurred on basal dendrites and not on apical dendrites, thereby resolving a paradox in the literature suggesting that layer 2/3 neurones lack structural plasticity in response to sensory deprivation.