bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic CO2‐Sieving from Polymer with Intrinsic Microporosity Masking Nanoporous Single‐Layer Graphene
Authors: He Guangwei , Huang Shiqi , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Vahdat Mohammad Tohidi , Guiver Michael D. , Zhao Jing , Lee Wan‐Chi , Mensi Mounir , Agrawal Kumar Varoon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐flux nanoporous single‐layer graphene membranes are highly promising for energy‐efficient gas separation. Herein, in the context of carbon capture, a remarkable enhancement in the CO2 selectivity is demonstrated by uniquely masking nanoporous single‐layer graphene with polymer with intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1). In the process, a major bottleneck of the state‐of‐the‐art pore‐incorporation techniques in graphene has been overcome, where in addition to the molecular sieving nanopores, larger nonselective nanopores are also incorporated, which so far, has restricted the realization of CO2‐sieving from graphene membranes. Overall, much higher CO2/N2 selectivity (33) is achieved from the composite film than that from the standalone nanoporous graphene (NG) (10) and the PIM‐1 membranes (15), crossing the selectivity target (20) for postcombustion carbon capture. The selectivity enhancement is explained by an analytical gas transport model for NG, which shows that the transport of the stronger‐adsorbing CO2 is dominated by the adsorbed phase transport pathway whereas the transport of N2 benefits significantly from the direct gas‐phase transport pathway. Further, slow positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy reveals that the interactions with graphene reduce the free volume of interfacial PIM‐1 chains which is expected to contribute to the selectivity. Overall, this approach brings graphene membrane a step closer to industrial deployment.
A Universal Coating Strategy for Controllable Functionalized Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Mao Shihua , Zhang Dong , Zhang Yanxian , Yang Jintao , Zheng Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDevelopment of a universal and stable surface coating, irrespective of surface chemistry or material characteristics, is highly desirable but has proved to be extremely challenging. Conventional coating strategies including the commonly used catechol surface coating are limited to either a certain type of substrates or weak and unreliable surface bonding. Here, a simple, robust, and universal surface coating method capable for attaching any stimuli‐responsive glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐based copolymer, consisting of one surface‐adhesive moiety of epoxy groups and one stimuli‐responsive moiety, to any type of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces via a one‐step ring‐opening reaction is proposed and demonstrated. The resultant GMA‐based copolymers are not only strongly adhered on different substrates (e.g., silicon, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, indium tin oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, aluminum, glass, polydimethylsiloxane, and even polyvinylidene fluoride with low surface energy), but also are possessed distinct thermal‐, pH‐, and salt‐responsive functions of bacterial killing, bacterial releasing, tunable multicolor fluorescence emission, and heavy metal detection. This coating method is also compatible with the directional quaternization of GMA‐based copolymers for further improving surface adhesion and functionality. This study provides a simple yet universal coating method to solve the long‐standing challenge of robust integration of stimuli‐responsive polymers with strong adhesion between various polymers and substrates.
Microfabricated Gaps Reveal the Effect of Geometrical Control in Wound Healing
Authors: Bao Min , Xie Jing , Piruska Aigars , Hu Xinyu , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe geometry (size and shape) of gaps is a key determinant in controlling gap closure during wound healing. However, conventional methods for creating gaps result in un‐defined geometries and poorly characterized conditions (cell death factors and cell debris), which can influence the gap closure process. To overcome these limitations, a novel method to create well‐defined geometrical gaps is developed. First, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are seeded in variously shaped micro‐containers made out of hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Cell proliferation and cell tension induce fibrous collagen production by SMCs predominantly around the edges of the micro‐containers. Upon removal of SMCs, the selectively deposited collagen results in micro‐containers with cell‐adhesive regions along the edges and walls. Fibroblasts are seeded in these micro‐containers, and upon attaching and spreading, they naturally form gaps with different geometries. The rapid proliferation of fibroblasts from the edge results in filling and closure of the gaps. It is demonstrated that gap closure rate as well as closure mechanism is strongly influenced by geometrical features, which points to an important role for cellular tension and cell proliferation in gap closure.
Hybrid Photonic–Plasmonic Bound States in Continuum for Enhanced Light Manipulation
Authors: Meudt Maik , Bogiadzi Chakan , Wrobel Kevin , Görrn Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLight can be influenced by permittivity changes in optical resonators to enable optical sensors, modulators, and switches. The best performance (intensity change per permittivity change) is observed for dielectric bound states in the continuum (BICs). However, the lateral size must be large to explore their full potential. In this work, hybrid photonic–plasmonic BICs (hybrid BICs) fabricated using a cost‐efficient scalable fabrication method are experimentally realized. While plasmonics is known to enable strong miniaturization, regarding BICs, the introduction of losses is thought to reduce device performance. Hybrid BICs in two operation modes, specular geometry and diffraction geometry, are also theoretically analyzed. While the reduced device performance is confirmed for hybrid BICs investigated in a specular geometry, a different result is obtained using diffraction geometry: hybrid BICs using diffraction geometry exhibit greatly increased performance compared to purely dielectric ones. Hybrid BICs using diffraction geometry as powerful tool to enhance the capability of light manipulation are thus considered.
A Convoluted Polyvinylpyridine‐Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling and C−H Arylation
Authors: Ohno Aya , Sato Takuma , Mase Toshiaki , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of highly active and reusable supported catalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling and catalytic C−H arylation is important for fundamental and applied chemistry, with these reactions being used to produce medical compounds and functional materials. Herein, we found that a mesoporous composite made of a linear poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and tetrachloropalladate acted as a dual‐mode catalyst for a variety of cross‐coupling reactions, with both Pd nanoparticles and a Pd complex catalyst being observed under different conditions. The polyvinylpyridine‐palladium composite 1 was readily prepared via the molecular convolution of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and sodium tetrachloropalladate to provide a hardly soluble polymer‐metal composite. The Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling and the C−H arylation of aryl chlorides and bromides with arylboronic acids, thiophenes, furans, benzene, and anisole proceeded in the presence of 0.004 mol% (40 mol ppm) to 1 mol% Pd of 1 to afford the corresponding coupling products in high yields. Furthermore, the catalyst was reused without an appreciable loss of activity. Pharmaceutical compounds and functional materials were synthesized via the coupling reactions. N2 gas adsorption/desorption analysis indicated that the catalyst had a mesoporous nature, which played a crucial role in the catalysis. In the Suzuki‐Miyaura couplings, in situ generated palladium nanoparticles in the polymer matrix were catalytically active, while a polymeric Pd(II) complex was crucial in the C−H arylations. These catalytic species were investigated via XAFS, XPS, far‐infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as DFT calculations.magnified image
Advancing Applications of Black Phosphorus and BP‐Analog Materials in Photo/Electrocatalysis through Structure Engineering and Surface Modulation
Authors: Yin Teng , Long Liyuan , Tang Xian , Qiu Meng , Liang Weiyuan , Cao Rui , Zhang Qizhen , Wang Dunhui , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP), an emerging 2D material semiconductor material, exhibits unique properties and promising application prospects for photo/electrocatalysis. However, the applications of BP in photo/electrocatalysis are hampered by the instability as well as low catalysis efficiency. Recently, tremendous efforts have been dedicated toward modulating its intrinsic structure, electronic property, and charge separation for enhanced photo/electrocatalytic performance through structure engineering. Simultaneously, the search for new substitute materials that are BP‐analogous is ongoing. Herein, the latest theoretical and experimental progress made in the structural/surface engineering strategies and advanced applications of BP and BP‐analog materials in relation to photo/electrocatalysis are extensively explored, and a presentation of the future opportunities and challenges of the materials is included at the end.
Nanocomposite Ionogel Electrolytes for Solid‐State Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Hyun Woo Jin , Thomas Cory M. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIonogels composed of ionic liquids and gelling solid matrices offer several advantages as solid‐state electrolytes for rechargeable batteries, including safety under diverse operating conditions, favorable electrochemical and thermal properties, and wide processing compatibility. Among gelling solid matrices, nanoscale materials have shown particular promise due to their ability to concurrently enhance ionogel mechanical properties, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. These beneficial attributes suggest that ionogel electrolytes are not only of interest for incumbent lithium‐ion batteries but also for next‐generation rechargeable battery technologies. Herein, recent advances in nanocomposite ionogel electrolytes are discussed to highlight their advantages as solid‐state electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. By exploring a range of different nanoscale gelling solid matrices, relationships between nanoscale material structure and ionogel properties are developed. Furthermore, key research challenges are delineated to help guide and accelerate the incorporation of nanocomposite ionogel electrolytes in high‐performance solid‐state rechargeable batteries.
Should public safety shift workers be allowed to nap while on duty?
Authors: Patterson P. Daniel , Weaver Matthew D. , Guyette Francis X. , Martin‐Gill Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFatigue and sleep deficiency among public safety personnel are threats to wellness, public and personal safety, and workforce retention. Napping strategies may reduce work‐related fatigue, improve safety and health, yet in some public safety organizations it is discouraged or prohibited. Our aim with this commentary is to define intra‐shift napping, summarize arguments for and against it, and to outline potential applications of this important fatigue mitigation strategy supported by evidence. We focus our discussion on emergency medical services (EMS); a key component of the public safety system, which is comprised of police, fire, and EMS. The personnel who work in EMS stand to benefit from intra‐shift napping due to frequent use of extended duration shifts, a high prevalence of personnel working multiple jobs, and evidence showing that greater than half of EMS personnel report severe fatigue, poor sleep quality, inadequate inter‐shift recovery, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The benefits of intra‐shift napping include decreased sleepiness and fatigue, improved recovery between shifts, decreased anxiety, and reduced feelings of burnout. Intra‐shift napping also mitigates alterations in clinician blood pressure associated with disturbed sleep and shift work. The negative consequences of napping include negative public perception, acute performance deficits stemming from sleep inertia, and the potential costs associated with reduced performance. While there are valid arguments against intra‐shift napping, we believe that the available scientific evidence favors it as a key component of fatigue mitigation and workplace wellness. We further believe that these arguments extend beyond EMS to all sectors of public safety.
Nucleophilic Diboration Strategy Targeting Diversified 1‐Boraphenarene Architectures
Authors: Hirano Keiichi , Morimoto Kensuke , Fujioka Shota , Miyamoto Kazunori , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract1‐Boraphenalenes, a class of boron‐doped polyaromatic hydrocarbons, were synthesized by nucleophilic diboration reaction of alkynes. Activation of diboron reagents with a highly basic sp2‐carbanion results in very fast successive C−B bond formations to construct the boracycle. This methodology is characterized by high chemoselectivity, affording a wide variety of 1‐boraphenarenes with diverse polar substituents. The endocyclic boron can be arylated conveniently in one pot, and the peripheral boron is available for various chemical transformations. Highly diastereoselective diboration gives pseudo‐enantio‐enriched boraphenarene, which emits circularly polarized fluorescence (CPL).
Cost‐efficient monitoring of continuous‐time stochastic processes based on discrete observations
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Yaegashi Yuta , Tsujimura Motoh , Yoshioka Yumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlanning a cost‐efficient monitoring policy of stochastic processes arises from many industrial problems. We formulate a simple discrete‐time monitoring problem of continuous‐time stochastic processes with its applications to several industrial problems. A key in our model is a doubling trick of the variables, with which we can construct an algorithm to solve the problem. The cost‐efficient monitoring policy balancing between the observation cost and information loss is governed by an optimality equation of a fixed point type, which is solvable with an iterative algorithm based on the Feynman‐Kac formula. This is a new linkage between monitoring problems and mathematical sciences. We show regularity results of the optimization problem and present a numerical algorithm for its approximation. A problem having model ambiguity is presented as well. The presented model is applied to problems of environment, ecology, and energy, having qualitatively different target stochastic processes with each other.
Meiosis I Kinase Regulators: Conserved Orchestrators of Reductional Chromosome Segregation
Authors: Galander Stefan , Marston Adèle L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch over the last two decades has identified a group of meiosis‐specific proteins, consisting of budding yeast Spo13, fission yeast Moa1, mouse MEIKIN, and Drosophila Mtrm, with essential functions in meiotic chromosome segregation. These proteins, which we call meiosis I kinase regulators (MOKIRs), mediate two major adaptations to the meiotic cell cycle to allow the generation of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. Firstly, they promote the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I (reductional division) by ensuring that sister kinetochores face towards the same pole (mono‐orientation). Secondly, they safeguard the timely separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II (equational division) by counteracting the premature removal of pericentromeric cohesin, and thus prevent the formation of aneuploid gametes. Although MOKIRs bear no obvious sequence similarity, they appear to play functionally conserved roles in regulating meiotic kinases. Here, the known functions of MOKIRs are reviewed and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/tLE9KL89bwk.
Determinants of the Nucleotide Specificity in the Carbohydrate Epimerase Family 1
Authors: Van Overtveldt Stevie , Da Costa Matthieu , Gevaert Ophelia , Joosten Henk‐Jan , Beerens Koen , Desmet Tom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, carbohydrate epimerases have attracted increasing attention as promising biocatalysts for the production of specialty sugars and derivatives. The vast majority of these enzymes are active on nucleotide‐activated sugars, rather than on their free counterparts. Although such epimerases are known to have a clear preference for a particular nucleotide (UDP, GDP, CDP, or ADP), very little is known about the determinants of the respective specificities. In this work, sequence motifs are identified that correlate with the different nucleotide specificities in one of the main epimerase superfamilies, carbohydrate epimerase 1 (CEP1). To confirm their relevance, GDP‐ and CDP‐specific residues are introduced into the UDP‐glucose 4‐epimerase from Thermus thermophilus, resulting in a 3‐fold and 13‐fold reduction in KM for GDP‐Glc and CDP‐Glc, respectively. Moreover, several variants are severely crippled in UDP‐Glc activity, which further underlines the crucial role of the identified positions. Hence, the analysis should prove to be valuable for the further exploration and application of epimerases involved in carbohydrate synthesis.
Quality of life and patient satisfaction after implant-based breast reconstruction with or without acellular dermal matrix: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lohmander F , Lagergren J , Johansson H , Roy P G , Frisell J , Brandberg Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in implant-based breast reconstructions (IBBRs) aims to improve cosmetic outcomes. Six-month data are presented from a randomized trial evaluating whether IBBR with ADM provides higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional IBBR without ADM.

Methods
In this multicentre open-label RCT, women with breast cancer planned for mastectomy with immediate IBBR in four centres in Sweden and one in the UK were allocated randomly (1 : 1) to IBBR with or without ADM. HRQoL, a secondary endpoint, was measured as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) using three validated instruments (EORTC-QLQC30, QLQ-BR23, QLQ-BRR26) at baseline and 6 months.

Results
Between 24 April 2014 and 10 May 2017, 135 women were enrolled, of whom 64 with and 65 without ADM were included in the final analysis. At 6 months after surgery, patient-reported HRQoL, measured with generic QLQ-C30 or breast cancer-specific QLQ-BR23, was similar between the groups. For patient-reported cosmetic outcomes, two subscale items, cosmetic outcome (8·66, 95 per cent c.i. 0·46 to 16·86; P = 0·041) and problems finding a well-fitting bra (−13·21, −25·54 to −0·89; P = 0·038), yielded higher scores in favour of ADM, corresponding to a small to moderate clinical difference. None of the other 27 domains measured showed any significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion
IBBR with ADM was not superior in terms of higher levels of HRQoL compared with IBBR without ADM. Although two subscale items of patient-reported cosmetic outcomes favoured ADM, the majority of cosmetic items showed no significant difference between treatments at 6 months. Registration number: NCT02061527 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Standardizing therapeutic parameters of acupuncture in vascular dementia rats
Authors: Yang Na‐Na , Ma Si‐Ming , Yang Jing‐Wen , Li Tian‐Ran , Liu Cun‐Zhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite acupuncture having been successfully used for the clinical treatment for vascular dementia in Asian countries for centuries, scientifically rigorous evidence is lacking for standardizing therapeutic parameters. To address this problem, it is necessary to examine the parameters of acupuncture using scientific methodology. The goal of this study is to investigate various therapeutic parameters, including manipulation, retention, and frequency of acupuncture, and their contribution to the efficacy of acupuncture in VD.MethodsWe selected needle retention, treatment frequency, and needle rotation as the parameters. Acupuncture was performed on acupoints ST36 and GV20. Morris Water Maze was selected to assess the effect of acupuncture on cognitive function and Nissl staining indicated the hippocampal neuronal damage in VD rats.ResultsAcupuncture stimulation resulted in a significant improvement in the spatial learning and memory deficit and reversed neuronal damage in the hippocampus. The approach of needle retention with 10 min, rotation for 30s every 5 min or daily treatment with acupuncture was more effective than nonretention, nonrotation, or alternative day treatment group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that needle retention, treatment frequency, and needle manipulation are important factors in improving the learning and memory as well as reducing the neuronal damage of the hippocampus in a rat VD model. These findings strongly suggest that the appropriate therapeutic parameters could significant influence the efficiency in animal experiments.
Isotretinoin for the treatment of facial lichen planopilaris: A new indication for an old drug, a case series study
Authors: Fatemi Farahnaz , Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Danesh Farzaneh , saber Mina , Rajabi Parvin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the little information about the facial papules due to Lichen planopilaris (LPP), we have many cases with facial skin roughness in which histological study has showed LPP. Additionally, in those patients treating for frontal fibrosing alopecia or scalp LPP there was no improvement in facial papules.
Intracellular Photophysics of an Osmium Complex bearing an Oligothiophene Extended Ligand
Authors: Schneider Kilian R. A. , Chettri Avinash , Cole Houston D. , Reglinski Katharina , Brückmann Jannik , Roque John A. , Stumper Anne , Nauroozi Djawed , Schmid Sylvia , Lagerholm Christoffer B. , Rau Sven , Bäuerle Peter , Eggeling Christian , Cameron Colin G. , McFarland Sherri A. , Dietzek Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis contribution describes the excited‐state properties of an Osmium‐complex when taken up into human cells. The complex 1 [Os(bpy)2(IP‐4T)](PF6)2 with bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine and IP‐4T=2‐{5′‐[3′,4′‐diethyl‐(2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl)]‐3,4‐diethyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene}imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline) can be discussed as a candidate for photodynamic therapy in the biological red/NIR window. The complex is taken up by MCF7 cells and localizes rather homogeneously within in the cytoplasm. To detail the sub‐ns photophysics of 1, comparative transient absorption measurements were carried out in different solvents to derive a model of the photoinduced processes. Key to rationalize the excited‐state relaxation is a long‐lived 3ILCT state associated with the oligothiophene chain. This model was then tested with the complex internalized into MCF7 cells, since the intracellular environment has long been suspected to take big influence on the excited state properties. In our study of 1 in cells, we were able to show that, though the overall model remained the same, the excited‐state dynamics are affected strongly by the intracellular environment. Our study represents the first in depth correlation towards ex‐vivo and in vivo ultrafast spectroscopy for a possible photodrug.