bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber in Millet: a Review of Content and Potential for a Functional Food Source
Authors: Nurhafsah  , Ramlah Sitti , Winanda Elisa , Syuryawati  , Hanuddin Rahmi , Dewayani Wanti , Rosniati  , Loppies Justus Elisa , Botutihe Fadlianto , Muslimin  , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani , Andriani Ida , Nurdin Maryam , Sunanto  , Syahriati  , Saleh Rahmawati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Millet (Setaria italica) is a potential food source with high fiber content and excellent antioxidant activity. It can be used as a functional food, such as an antidiabetic. Millet is known as a nutritional cereal because it contains protein, fatty acids, fiber, minerals, and antioxidant properties. It is gluten-free. However, currently, there is still a lack of practice in using millet as a food source for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to various factors, including the lack of nutritional information contained in it and the fact that processed products are still very limited. This review article provides an overview of the potential of millet, starting from production and diversity, chemical composition, and daily fiber consumption needs, as well as the benefits of millet as a functional food source of fiber. This review article reports that the use of millet as a food source for diabetes mellitus (DM) sufferers can be seen from the fiber content that can meet daily fiber needs. The daily fiber requirement for DM sufferers is 25 g/day, prioritizing soluble dietary fiber. Dietary fiber, both soluble and insoluble, can reduce the risk of digestive disorders through the ability of fiber to be absorbed in the intestine. However, the lack of data related to glycemic index and glycemic load is the reason why there are no clear recommendations for Jewawut as a food source for diabetics.
Changes in Community Structure and Abundance of Parasitoids of Yellow Rice Stem Borer Eggs Due to Treatment of Several Insecticide Active Ingredients in Rice Fields
Authors: Supartha I W , Susila I W , Utama I W E K , Yasa I W S , Yudha I K W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The yellow rice stem borer is one of the main pests of rice plants in several rice production centers in Indonesia. Egg parasitoids are an effective biological control component that occurs naturally in the field. Its performance as a natural control is often disrupted by the unwise use of insecticides in the field. This study aims to evaluate the effect of several insecticide active ingredients on changes in community structure and parasitization levels of yellow rice stem borer egg parasitoids. The research used treatment with 4 types of active insecticide ingredients, namely Fipronil 50 g/l, Imidacloprid 25%, Demihipo 400 g/l, and Abamectin 18 g/l in a Randomized Block Design, each repeated 4 times. The research results showed that the egg parasitoid community found consisted of Tetrastichus schoenobii, Telenomus rowani and Trichogramma japonicum. Insecticide treatment had a significant effect on changes in the parasitoid community in the field. Increasing the level of insecticide concentration has a significant effect on the decline in the host population (YRB), changes in the composition and abundance of the population and the level of parasitization of egg parasitoids in the field. The insecticide concentration level that had the greatest influence on reducing the level of parasitization in the three types of egg parasitoids was 1.5 cc/l for Fipronil and 2 cc/l for other types of insecticide active ingredients. Plant phenology factors also influence population development and parasitization rates of parasitoids in the field.
Ontological Criteria
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 argues that the Stoics strike their blow against Plato’s Father Parmenides, prising apart Something from being, by introducing two distinct ontological criteria by which to count their entities in or out, one for existence and one for those things that do not exist but are nevertheless Something that subsists. The Stoics co-opt Plato’s “dunamis proposal” that being is whatever can act or be acted upon to establish that only bodies exist. And they broaden the ontological playing field with a second criterion that screens for those things that, while not beings, are nevertheless objective particulars that subsist. This is a two-fold criterion for subsistence that admits only those entities that are both proper objects of thought (publicly available for thought) and the referents of significant discourse (non-repeatable entities that pass the Not Someone test for particularity).
The Categories, State of the Debate
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 lays out the state of the debate over the Stoic Categories of body: substrate, qualified individual, individual disposed, and individual relatively disposed. Scholars have pressed the Categories into hylomorphic and subject-inherence models, found trouble for the Stoics in doing so, and then sought various workarounds, including developmental hypotheses that the Stoics arrived at these Categories only eventually and piecemeal by trial and error. However, the problems that give rise to these solutions are false problems. This chapter reconstructs the intricate interpretive moves scholars have made, questions their guiding assumptions, and challenges their textual basis in order to clear the way for an alternative account of the Categories in the next chapter.
The Incorporeals, A Grounded Account
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 marshals textual and linguistic evidence that the Stoic incorporeals as a class—place, void, time, and the lekta, or sayables—are all ontologically dependent on body for their subsistence. This dependence can be understood on the model of the flow of traffic, which inherits its properties (e.g. being fast or slow, smooth or stop-and-go) from the moving cars that underlie it, without being nothing but the cars in motion. The Stoic incorporeals, likewise, inherit their spatial, temporal, and semantic properties from underlying body without being nothing but the body. The term “subsistence” thus indicates a modus essendi (or, rather, mode of being Something), being grounded in body; more specifically, the subsistence of incorporeals is best understood as an absence or privation of that body from which the incorporeal inherits its positive physical characteristics. Herein lies the Stoics’ non-reductive physicalism.
Space
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 10 makes the case for the ontological dependence of the spatial incorporeals: place, room, surface, and void all inherit their non-solid extension from the body or bodies on which they depend. Place inherits its three-dimensional extension from the bodies that occupy or delimit it, e.g. the place my car is parked depends for its extension on my car, and the place I could park my car depends for its extension on the cars around it delimiting the parking place. Likewise, the room in the wine jar depends for its extension on the wine and the jar, and the two-dimensional surface of a desk depends for its two dimensions on the absence or privation of the desk’s solid three dimensions. Even the extra-cosmic void inherits its infinite three-dimensional extension from a body, namely the edge of the cosmos at which it begins, extending infinitely out in all directions.
Why Not Take the Intuition of Distinctness at Face Value?
Authors: Melnyk Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the intuition of distinctness cannot be interpreted as giving us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties (or qualia) are distinct from whatever physical properties we are considering as candidates for identity with the phenomenal properties—and hence that property dualism rather than physicalism (or materialism) is true. Even if the intuition of distinctness does give us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties are distinct from whatever physical properties we might be considering, there must still be some explanation of how the intuition arises in us. And the explanation of how it arises must be such as to make it the case that the intuition gives us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties are distinct from the physical properties. This chapter surveys various psychological mechanisms that might be hypothesized to meet this condition, arguing that none of them meets this condition, and infers that probably no mechanisms meet the condition. In the course of the argument, the chapter defends an unorthodox version of representationalism and offers positive accounts of what makes our introspective knowledge of phenomenal properties special, how introspection could tell us that an introspected property is physical, and what the subjectivity of phenomenal properties could be.
Analysis of antigen specificity of Treg clonotypes expanded upon SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Takeuchi Yukiko , Ishikawa Eri , Sato Takashi , Shinkai Masaharu , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Lu Xiuyuan , Yamasaki Sho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened human health worldwide. Among protective immune reactions, T cell responses are diverse among individuals, which is related to the differences in severity. A T cell subset, regulatory T (Treg) cells, is crucial for limiting excessive immune responses. If SARS-CoV-2–specific Tregs are developed during infection, they may counteract antiviral immunity and cause severe symptoms. To address this possibility, we conducted single-cell TCR-RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Among 13 donors, one with severe symptoms had substantially more FOXP3-expressing Treg clonotypes activated in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virion or other major antigen proteins. To define the reactivity of these Treg clonotypes, 15 highly expanded Treg clonotypes were reconstituted into reporter cells and stimulated with 27 distinct peptide pools that cover all SARS-CoV-2 proteins. However, none of these clonotypes react to any SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Instead, the reporter cells expressing one TCR clonotype (23599) were activated in the presence of Epstein–Barr virus-transformed B cells without adding exogenous antigens. Furthermore, 23599 TCR-expressing cells were activated by non-transformed naïve syngeneic B cells in a DQA1*03:03-DQB1*04:01-dependent manner, suggesting that clonotype 23599 may be autoreactive. This Treg clonotype, 23599, was also detected in a public TCR database and significantly expanded in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not the dominant antigen inducing Treg cells during infection.
Long-term cultivation of grass-legume mixtures changed the assembly process of the microbial community and increased microbial community stability
Authors: Yan Huilin , Jin Xin , Zhou Xueli , Gu Songsong , Wu Xuexia , Li Ping , Shi Dejun , Liu Hanjiang , Lu Guangxin , Deng Ye 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Grass-legume mixtures are a common cultivation system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and crops under long-term cultivation are complex and dynamic. Investigating the dynamic changes in microbial community structure and ecological functions is essential. This study investigated the dynamic interactions of rhizosphere microbial communities of Elymus nutans Griseb. cv. Aba and Medicago sativa L. cv. Beilin in a grass-legume mixture at a 1:1 ratio over four years on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The research focused on their long-term effects on plant productivity, soil health, and microbial functions. The results revealed a decline in grass yield and soil properties in the fourth year (P &lt; 0.05) and significant year-to-year differences in bacterial α-diversity (P &lt; 0.05). Molecular ecological network analysis showed greater stability in the bacterial network of legumes in the first year, with reduced robustness by the fourth year. Additionally, the average niche widths of bacterial and fungal communities were narrower in the first year than in the fourth, indicating microbial adaptation to the evolving environmental conditions within the mixture system. The transition of bacterial community assembly processes from stochastic to deterministic suggests a shift towards more structured and predictable microbial interactions over time. In conclusion, the results highlight the intricate interplay between plant productivity, soil health, microbial community dynamics, and ecosystem stability under long-term planting of grass-legume mixtures. Our results provide new insights into biomass changes and microbial dynamics in this planting system.
Beyond electronic health record data: leveraging natural language processing and machine learning to uncover cognitive insights from patient-nurse verbal communications
Authors: Zolnoori Maryam , Zolnour Ali , Vergez Sasha , Sridharan Sridevi , Spens Ian , Topaz Maxim , Noble James M , Bakken Suzanne , Hirschberg Julia , Bowles Kathryn , Onorato Nicole , McDonald Margaret V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia significantly impact healthcare utilization and costs, yet more than half of affected patients remain underdiagnosed. This study leverages audio-recorded patient-nurse verbal communication in home healthcare settings to develop an artificial intelligence-based screening tool for early detection of cognitive decline.

Objective
To develop a speech processing algorithm using routine patient-nurse verbal communication and evaluate its performance when combined with electronic health record (EHR) data in detecting early signs of cognitive decline.

Method
We analyzed 125 audio-recorded patient-nurse verbal communication for 47 patients from a major home healthcare agency in New York City. Out of 47 patients, 19 experienced symptoms associated with the onset of cognitive decline. A natural language processing algorithm was developed to extract domain-specific linguistic and interaction features from these recordings. The algorithm’s performance was compared against EHR-based screening methods. Both standalone and combined data approaches were assessed using F1-score and area under the curve (AUC) metrics.

Results
The initial model using only patient-nurse verbal communication achieved an F1-score of 85 and an AUC of 86.47. The model based on EHR data achieved an F1-score of 75.56 and an AUC of 79. Combining patient-nurse verbal communication with EHR data yielded the highest performance, with an F1-score of 88.89 and an AUC of 90.23. Key linguistic indicators of cognitive decline included reduced linguistic diversity, grammatical challenges, repetition, and altered speech patterns. Incorporating audio data significantly enhanced the risk prediction models for hospitalization and emergency department visits.

Discussion
Routine verbal communication between patients and nurses contains critical linguistic and interactional indicators for identifying cognitive impairment. Integrating audio-recorded patient-nurse communication with EHR data provides a more comprehensive and accurate method for early detection of cognitive decline, potentially improving patient outcomes through timely interventions. This combined approach could revolutionize cognitive impairment screening in home healthcare settings.
Increased walking pace reduces the rate of erectile dysfunction: results from a multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fang Yuekun , Chen Shengyi , Huang Chenxiao , Deng Xinmin , Lai Rui , Lv Xiaofeng , Cheng Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous observational studies have identified a potential association between walking and the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the causal relationship between them remains unclear.

Aim
This study aims to explore the causal relationship between walking and ED using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data related to walking pace. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis method. To supplement the IVW results, two additional MR methods were used: MR-Egger and weighted median (WM). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal relationship after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Outcomes
The moderating effects of different walking phenotypes on ED.

Results
According to the IVW method, genetically predicted walking pace was found to have a reverse causal relationship with the risk of ED (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12-0.51). Similar causal effects were observed using the other two MR methods, with statistical significance found in the WM method and validation through sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, MVMR analysis confirmed that the protective effect of increased walking pace on reducing the risk of ED remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.

Clinical Implications
Encouraging men to engage in brisk walking could be an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of ED.

Strengths and Limitations
This study utilized large-scale GWAS summary data on walking and ED and employed a two-sample, multivariable MR design to minimize confounding factors and reverse causation, enabling the derivation of credible causal effects. It is essential to obtain GWAS data from other populations and replicate this MR analysis to validate the results, as well as conduct further research to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that there is an inverse causal relationship between walking pace and ED risk, and brisk walking may be an independent protective factor against ED.
Proceedings before the ICC and the Ad Hoc Tribunals—Overview of and Special Issues
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the proceedings before the ICC and the Ad Hoc Tribunals. It provides an overview of the three phases of international criminal procedure, which are the investigation phase, the intermediate proceedings, and the trial. Moreover, the investigation phase is subdivided into ‘preliminary examination’ and ‘formal investigation’. The chapter explains the importance of all judges of the respective Chamber to be physically and mentally present for the final judgment. It then discusses special issues concerning the ICC and ad hoc tribunals, referencing the selection and prioritization as key elements of a prosecutorial strategy as one of the special issues.
Evidence and Disclosure
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the key concepts of evidence and disclosure, particularly in line with the ICC. It discusses the law of evidence, which includes the main areas of evidence before international criminal tribunals such as witness and documentary evidence. Moreover, the significance of evidence highly correlates to its relevance, probative value (reliability), and fundamental procedural principles. Meanwhile, the notion of disclosure revolves around the mandatory divulging of information to litigation opponents according to procedural rules. The chapter explains that at the ICC, the Statute and the Rules distinguish between disclosure stricto sensu and communication, which is correlated to the provision of the Chamber's disclosed material.
Purification and Characterization of Pancreatic Carboxypeptidase A1 (CBPA1) of bovine (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries) for Potential Application as Halal Enzymes.
Authors: Reshidan Nur Hidayah binti , Jonet Mohd Anuar bin , Zainal Ariffin Zaidah binti , Abd Hamid Umi Marshida binti 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Carboxypeptidase A1 (CBPA1) is a well-known protease pancreatic enzyme family member. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carbonyl-terminal residue from peptide or ester substrates by cleavage of the peptide or ester bond. Objective: This study aimed to purify and characterize CBPA1 from bovine (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries) fresh pancreatic tissue.

Methods:
Bovine and sheep pancreas were collected freshly from Abattoir Complex, Department of Veterinary Services, Shah Alam. The fats were removed by trimming grossly visible fat and by extraction using organic solvents. The CBPA1 was further purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Protein identification was performed via LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The proteolytic activity was measured using protease assay.

Results:
Successful purification of CBPA1 from bovine and sheep was visualized as single protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel, which LC-MS/MS confirmed as CBPA1 with the molecular mass of 47.05kDa and 46.87kDa for bovine (Accession number – P00730) and sheep (Accession number – W5P5N4), respectively. The proteolytic enzyme activity was confirmed with protease assay whereby bovine CBPA1 showed higher protease activity than sheep.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, bovine and sheep CBPA1 were successfully purified from fresh pancreatic tissue and may have the potential for further applications as the proteolytic activity recorded was comparable to that of the porcine protease.
Effect of Sleep Duration and Concussion History on Neurocognitive Testing Symptoms for Post-injury States
Authors: Ezzat Bahie , Hrabarchuk Eugene , Lemonick Michael , Rentzeperis Frederika , Kalagara Roshini , Ali Muhammad , Carr Matthew T. , Schupper Alexander J. , Qureshi Hanya M. , Ratna Sujay , Brown Cole , Dara Gabriel , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark , Choudhri Tanvir F. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Evaluate the influence of sleep duration and concussion history on postconcussion symptoms in adolescent athletes.

Design:
Observational retrospective study using the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS). Multivariable linear regression assessed sleep hours against 22 PCSS symptoms, controlling for demographic and health variables.

Setting:
Urban concussion centers in Colorado and Florida, 2009 to 2019.

Participants:
11 564 student-athletes aged 12 to 22, categorized by concussion history.

Interventions:
Analysis of sleep duration and concussion history in relation to neurocognitive and psychiatric symptom severity.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcomes included neurocognitive, psychiatric, and total symptom scores. Secondary outcomes were specific PCSS symptoms.

Results:
Among 5349 student-athletes, 2671 (49.9%) had no prior concussions and 2678 (50.1%) had 1 or more. For those without prior concussions, sleep was negatively associated with age (β = −0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.22 to −0.13, P < 0.0001), vomiting (β = −0.22, 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.05, P = 0.012), and difficulty concentrating (β = −0.11, 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.35, P = 0.005). In athletes with a history of concussion, less sleep correlated with decreased age (β = −0.11, 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.07, P < 0.0001), headache (β = −0.065, 95% CI, −0.12 to −0.01, P = 0.031), irritability (β = −0.08, 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.01, P = 0.021), and difficulty concentrating (β = −0.08, 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.01, P = 0.031) but increased sensitivity to light (β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.001–0.137, P = 0.048), numbness/tingling (β = 0.15, 95% CI, 0.04–0.26, P = 0.008), and feeling slowed down (β = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.05–0.21, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Sleep duration and concussion history are associated with variations in postconcussion symptom severity among adolescent athletes. This data underscore the need for individualized management strategies based on sleep patterns and concussion history.