bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction based on a conductive polyaniline‐graphene oxide nanocomposite for extraction of tetracyclines in milk and water
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Karami Faezeh , Nouri Nina , Farahani Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTetracycline antibiotics are employed for human and animal health and for speeding up growth rates. However, their presence in food products and environmental waters has been a concern for some years. Therefore, a variety of sample preparation methods have been developed for the analysis of tetracycline residues in these matrices.RESULTSAn electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction based on a modified copper electrode with polyaniline/graphene oxide (PANI/GO) conductive nanocomposite was developed for the extraction of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and doxycycline before high‐performance liquid chromatography‐UV analysis. PANI/GO was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and bound on the electrode using high purity conductive double‐sided adhesive carbon glue. The significant factors affecting the performance of microextraction were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions [sample, 15 mL; sorbent, 10 mg; pH, 3.0; electroextraction voltage, −0.9 V; electroextraction time, 20 min; eluent (MeOH/NH3), 500 μL; and desorption time, 5 min], the limits of detection for target analytes were in the ranges 0.32–1.01 and 2.42–7.59 μg L−1 in water and milk samples, respectively. The linear ranges were 1.06–750 μg L−1 for water and 8.05–750 μg L−1 for milk samples. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 2.32–3.80 and 3.29–4.25, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of analytes in milk and water samples with different fat contents, and the recoveries were obtained in the range 71–104%.CONCLUSIONThe developed electro‐microextraction method provides a facile, rapid, cost‐effective, sensitive and efficient promising procedure for the extraction of antibiotics in complex matrices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Training During a Pandemic: Successes, Challenges, and Practical Guidance From a Virtual Facilitated Learning Collaborative Training Program for Written Exposure Therapy
Authors: Worley Courtney B. , LoSavio Stefanie T. , Aajmain Syed , Rosen Craig , Stirman Shannon Wiltsey , Sloan Denise M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn response to COVID‐19, continued workforce training is essential to ensure that evidence‐based treatments are available on the frontline to meet communities’ ongoing and emerging mental health needs. However, training during a pandemic imposes many new challenges. This paper describes a multisite training and implementation pilot program, facets of which allowed for continued training despite the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent social distancing guidelines. This virtual facilitated learning collaborative in Written Exposure Therapy, an evidence‐based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder, included virtual workshop training, phone‐based clinical consultation, implementation‐focused video calls for program leadership, and program evaluation. Data are presented about program enrollees and patient impact following the onset of COVID‐19–related social distancing restrictions. Challenges, successes, and practical guidance are discussed to inform the field regarding training strategies likely to be durable in an uncertain, dynamic healthcare landscape.
The Methodological Problem of Identifying Criterion A Traumatic Events During the COVID‐19 Era: A Commentary on Karatzias et al. (2020)
Authors: Van Overmeire Roel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA recent study published in the Journal of Traumatic Stress demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates in Ireland are as high as 17.7% and that this could be related to the COVID‐19 pandemic (Karatzias et al., 2020). However, this number is probably skewed, as the fundamental requirement for a PTSD diagnosis—namely, a life‐threatening or severely stressful event—was not fulfilled. In this comment, the consideration of COVID‐19–related PTSD to represent a diagnosis is questioned based on the definitions of PTSD in the ICD‐11 and DSM‐5.
Upper Lip Tie: Anatomy, Effect on Breastfeeding, and Correlation With Ankyloglossia
Authors: Shah Shalini , Allen Paul , Walker Ryan , Rosen‐Carole Casey , McKenna Benoit Margo K. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThere is debate among otolaryngologists and other practitioners about whether upper lip tie contributes to difficulty with breastfeeding and whether upper lip tie and ankyloglossia are linked. Our objectives were to evaluate the anatomy of the upper lip (maxillary) frenulum, to determine if the visual anatomy of the upper lip has an effect on breastfeeding, and to determine whether the occurrence of lip tie and tongue tie are correlated.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 100 healthy newborns was examined between day of life 3–7. Surveys were completed by the mother at the time of the initial exam and 2 weeks later. The maxillary frenulum was graded based on the Stanford and Kotlow classifications by two independent reviewers. Inter‐rater reliability and relationships between tongue tie, lip tie, and the infant breastfeeding assessment tool (IBFAT) were calculated.ResultsInter‐rater reliability showed fair agreement (κ = 0.302) using the Kotlow scale and better agreement using the Stanford classification (κ = 0.458). There was no correlation between the upper lip tie classification and breastfeeding success score. Lastly, there was a modest inverse correlation in the degree of tethering for the tongue and lip.ConclusionsThere was no correlation between maxillary frenulum grade and comfort with breastfeeding, pain scores, or latch. There was also no relationship between tip to frenulum length (tongue tie) and visualized lip anatomy, suggesting that tongue tie and lip tie may not cluster together in infants.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:E1701–E1706, 2021
A novel platform for monitoring gelatinous mesozooplankton: The high‐speed Gulf VII sampler quantifies gelatinous mesozooplankton similar to a ring net
Authors: Long Aidan P. , O'Donnell Ciaran , Haberlin Damien , Lawton Colin , Doyle Thomas K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the distribution and abundance of gelatinous mesozooplankton (0.2–20 mm) has been largely determined from the deployment of net sampling devices. Although zooplankton nets have been shown to underrepresent the abundance of certain gelatinous taxa in comparison to data from optical systems, nets still provide relative abundances for gelatinous zooplankton. A potential source of standardized, long‐term, and broad‐scale data for the relative abundance and distribution of gelatinous mesozooplankton is from fisheries monitoring programs which use zooplankton samplers such as the high‐speed Gulf VII sampler to capture fish eggs and larvae in shelf and offshore waters. To evaluate the use of the Gulf VII sampler as a source of gelatinous mesozooplankton data, this study collected zooplankton samples using both a Gulf VII sampler and a vertical ring net at 15 stations off the northwest Irish and Scottish coasts in July 2017. The difference in the estimates of gelatinous mesozooplankton abundance and taxon richness of the Gulf VII and the ring net samples were not significant (mean abundance: Gulf VII = 135.7 ± 79.7 ind. m−3, ring net = 149.7 ± 66.5 ind. m−3; taxon richness: Gulf VII = 15.2 ± 2.4, ring net = 15.4 ± 2.5), although the Gulf VII underestimated the abundance of the appendicularian Oikopleura sp. by a factor of 9.7 when compared to the ring net. Our findings describe how added value can be provided to already existing zooplankton monitoring programs while enhancing the temporal and spatial coverage of data available for gelatinous mesozooplankton.
Utility of Imaging of Nigrosome‐1 on 3T MRI and Its Comparison with 18F‐DOPA PET in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Kathuria Heena , Mehta Sahil , Ahuja Chirag K. , Chakravarty Kamalesh , Ray Sucharita , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Singh Paramjeet , Lal Vivek 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss of nigrosome‐1 on 3T and 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a recently explored imaging biomarker in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of imaging of nigrosome in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism on 3T MRI.MethodsAn institution‐based prospective case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India. 3T venous blood oxygen level‐dependent (VenoBOLD) and high‐resolution susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) imaging sequences in MRI were performed in 100 patients with parkinsonism (56 with idiopathic Parkinson's disease [IPD], 30 with young onset Parkinson's disease [YOPD], 12 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 2 patients with multiple system atrophy) and 15 controls. Grading of nigrosome was done in both the sequences. Each patient underwent 18F‐DOPA positron emission tomography (PET), detailed neurological examination including Hoen and Yahr (H&Y) staging and Movement Disorder Society‐Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) scoring.ResultsThe diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the detection of loss of nigrosome‐1 on VenoBOLD and SWI sequence at 3T MR imaging were 90% and 66.7% and 94% and 80%, respectively. A weak negative correlation was found between the grading of the nigrosome and clinical parameters (H&Y and UPDRS III). There was no correlation between the side of nigrosome loss and clinical asymmetry. However, nigrosome imaging was not able to differentiate between Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism.ConclusionsThe loss of nigrosome‐1 on 3T MRI on SWI and VenoBOLD sequences may serve as a potential imaging marker in the diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian syndromes. However, it cannot differentiate between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
Technical Note: On the spatial correlation between robust CT‐ventilation methods and SPECT ventilation
Authors: Castillo Edward , Castillo Richard , Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Nair Girish , Grills Inga , Guerrero Thomas , Stevens Craig 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe computed tomography (CT)‐derived ventilation imaging methodology employs deformable image registration (DIR) to recover respiratory motion‐induced volume changes from an inhale/exhale CT image pair, as a surrogate for ventilation. The Integrated Jacobian Formulation (IJF) and Mass Conserving Volume Change (MCVC) numerical methods for volume change estimation represent two classes of ventilation methods, namely transformation based and intensity (Hounsfield Unit) based, respectively. Both the IJF and MCVC methods utilize subregional volume change measurements that satisfy a specified uncertainty tolerance. In previous publications, the ventilation images resulting from this numerical strategy demonstrated robustness to DIR variations. However, the reduced measurement uncertainty comes at the expense of measurement resolution. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial correlation between robust CT‐ventilation images and single photon emission CT‐ventilation (SPECT‐V).MethodsPreviously described implementations of IJF and MCVC require the solution of a large scale, constrained linear least squares problem defined by a series of robust subregional volume change measurements. We introduce a simpler parameterized implementation that reduces the number of unknowns while increasing the number of data points in the resulting least squares problem. A parameter sweep of the measurement uncertainty tolerance, , was conducted using the 4DCT and SPECT‐V images acquired for 15 non‐small cell lung cancer patients prior to radiotherapy. For each test case, MCVC and IJF CT‐ventilation images were created for 30 different uncertainty parameter values, uniformly sampled from the range . Voxel‐wise Spearman correlation between the SPECT‐V and the resulting CT‐ventilation images was computed.ResultsThe median correlations between MCVC and SPECT‐V ranged from 0.20 to 0.48 across the parameter sweep, while the median correlations for IJF and SPECT‐V ranged between 0.79 and 0.82. For the optimal IJF tolerance , the IJF and SPECT‐V correlations across all 15 test cases ranged between 0.12 and 0.90. For the optimal MCVC tolerance , the MCVC and SPECT‐V correlations across all 15 test cases ranged between −0.06 and 0.84.ConclusionThe reported correlations indicate that robust methods generate ventilation images that are spatially consistent with SPECT‐V, with the transformation‐based IJF method yielding higher correlations than those previously reported in the literature. For both methods, overall correlations were found to marginally vary for , indicating that the clinical utility of both methods is robust to both uncertainty tolerance and DIR solution.
Analysis and efficient implementation of alternating direction implicit finite volume method for Riesz space‐fractional diffusion equations in two space dimensions
Authors: Liu Huan , Zheng Xiangcheng , Fu Hongfei , Wang Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we develop a Crank–Nicolson alternating direction implicit finite volume method for time‐dependent Riesz space‐fractional diffusion equation in two space dimensions. Norm‐based stability and convergence analysis are given to show that the developed method is unconditionally stable and of second‐order accuracy both in space and time. Furthermore, we develop a lossless matrix‐free fast conjugate gradient method for the implementation of the numerical scheme, which only has memory requirement and computational complexity per iteration with N being the total number of spatial unknowns. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme for large‐scale modeling and simulations.
Diagnostic value of sputum cultures in children under 2 years of age with chronic suppurative lung diseases
Authors: Stafler Patrick , Zaks‐Hoffer Gal , Scheuerman Oded , Ben‐Zvi Haim , Mussaffi Huda , Mei‐Zahav Meir , Steuer Guy , Levine Hagit , Bar‐On Ophir , Mantin Hadas , Prais Dario , Blau Hannah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcquiring sputum cultures from infants is considered challenging. We describe their yield in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLDs).MethodsRetrospective medical record review over a 4‐year period, for infants aged 0–2 years with ≥2 airway bacterial cultures acquired by deep suction or induced sputum ≥4 weeks apart. Data included demographics, culture results, and clinical status.ResultsA total of 98 infants (16 CF) were evaluated and 534 sputum cultures acquired, 201 in CF and 333 in CSLD. There were 12 (2–23), median (range) cultures/CF infant, and 3 (2–21)/CSLD infant. Age at first culture was 3.8 (1–19.5) months for CF and 10.4 (0.5–22) months for CSLD; p = .016. In total, 360 cultures (67%) were positive for any bacteria, with 170/234 (73%) positive during exacerbations, compared with 190/300 (63%) during routine visits; p = .05. More infants with CF than CSLD had cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus (SA; 75% vs. 34%; p = .004) throughout the period. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was common in both CF and CSLD (56% and 44%, respectively; p = .42) and increased over time for CF but was high throughout for CSLD. The number of hospital days before PA acquisition was 6 (10.2) for CF and 28.8 (38.7) for CSLD (p = .003). No CF but 6/82 (7%) CSLD infants had chronic PA (p = .56).ConclusionsSputum cultures showed that infection, in particular PA, is common in CF and CSLD whereas SA is more common in CF. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the role of active surveillance in guiding antibiotic therapy.
Mutation in cyp51b and overexpression of cyp51a and cyp51b confer multiple resistant to DMIs fungicide prochloraz in Fusarium fujikuroi
Authors: Zhang Yu , Mao Cheng‐Xin , Zhai Xiao‐Yu , Jamieson Pierce A , Zhang Chuan‐Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium fujikuroi is a plant pathogen that causes rice bakanae disease. Prochloraz is an imidazole‐class sterol, 14α‐demethylase inhibitor (DMI), which has been in use for several years as a foliar spray to control Fusarium spp. on agriculturally important monocot crops. F. fujikuroi is highly resistant to prochloraz treatment, and the aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which F. fujikuroi renders itself resistant to prochloraz.RESULTSRecently, prochloraz‐resistant strains were identified over a vast geographical area in the agricultural regions of Zhejiang Province, China. It was found that 21.13% and 3.96% of the strains examined were highly resistant (HR) to prochloraz during 2017 to 2018. The HR strains contained a point mutation (S312T) in the FfCYP51B protein, while the strains identified with prochloraz susceptibility had no such point mutation in FfCYP51A/B/C. To confirm whether the mutations in FfCYP51B confer resistance to prochloraz, we exchanged the CYP51B locus between the sensitive strain and the resistant strain by homologous double exchange. The transformed mutants with a copy of the resistant fragment exhibited resistance to prochloraz, and the transformed mutants with a copy of the sensitive fragment exhibited sensitivity to prochloraz. Furthermore, qRT‐PCR analysis of Ffcyp51a/b/c gene expression revealed that Ffcyp51a and Ffcyp51b were significantly up‐regulated in the prochloraz‐resistant strains relative to the sensitive strains in F. fujikuroi. Contrary to our expectation, docking of prochloraz into the modeled binding pocket of FfCYP51B indicated that the affinity between prochloraz and the FfCYP51B increased after the amino acid at codon 312 changed to Thr.CONCLUSIONThe point mutation S312T in FfCYP51B and overexpression of Ffcyp51a and Ffcyp51b together lead to the prochloraz‐resistant phenotype in F. fujikuroi.
Effects of terrain‐following vertical coordinates on simulation of stratus clouds in numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Westerhuis Stephanie , Fuhrer Oliver , Bhattacharya Ritthik , Schmidli Jürg , Bretherton Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany numerical weather prediction models employ terrain‐following vertical coordinates. As a consequence, over orography, flat tops of stratus clouds are intersected by the vertical coordinate surfaces. We conduct idealised two‐dimensional simulations of a stratus cloud with the COSMO model to study the effect of such sloping vertical coordinate surfaces. The evolution of the stratus cloud above a flat surface within a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere serves as a reference. During night‐time, the cloud thickens, driven by radiative cooling at the cloud top. Adding a sinusoidal perturbation to the vertical coordinate surfaces reduces the growth of the stratus cloud. With strong perturbations, the cloud starts to dissipate. The physical processes in the two simulations are identical, hence this behaviour is purely driven by numerical diffusion. The cloud is similarly thinned when sinusoidal orographic features are introduced. The reduction depends on the amplitude and wavelength of the perturbations and hills. Increasing the horizontal resolution partly mitigates the numerical diffusion. However, this is a very costly measure for an operational weather model. We suggest conducting further research on a new vertical coordinate with additional local smoothing of the orographic signal.
Theoretical study of magneto‐electronic properties of TmCo2 and NdCo2 intermetallic compounds through density functional theory calculations
Authors: Benaïssa Abdelghani , Bentouaf Ali , Aïssa Brahim , Abbar Boucif 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe physical properties of the electronic structure of TmCo2 and NdCo2 Laves phase compounds in the cubic structure MgCu2 were investigated using the functional density theory (DFT) under the linearized augmented plane wave method with full potential (FP‐LAPW) incorporated into the Wien2k software. In addition, the Hubbard (U) potential, was applied in studying these compounds to treat the correlation effects. The obtained lattice parameters were in good agreement with those found in the relevant literature, besides, there are not values available to make the comparison for the magnetic moments. The Hubbard parameter was applied, and has led to remarkable results for these quantities. Finally, the band structures and the state densities (DOS) of these two compounds were also calculated, where the DOS confirmed the ferromagnetic state of the TmCo2 and NdCo2 intermetallic binary for the two approximations.
Tunable Harmonic Flow Patterns in Microfluidic Systems through Simple Tube Oscillation
Authors: Thurgood Peter , Suarez Sergio Aguilera , Pirogova Elena , Jex Aaron R. , Peter Karlheinz , Baratchi Sara , Khoshmanesh Khashayar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeneration of tunable harmonic flows at low cost in microfluidic systems is a persistent and significant obstacle to this field, substantially limiting its potential to address major scientific questions and applications. This work introduces a simple and elegant way to overcome this obstacle. Harmonic flow patterns can be generated in microfluidic structures by simply oscillating the inlet tubes. Complex rib and vortex patterns can be dynamically modulated by changing the frequency and magnitude of tube oscillation and the viscosity of liquid. Highly complex rib patterns and synchronous vortices can be generated in serially connected microfluidic chambers. Similar dynamic patterns can be generated using whole or diluted blood samples without damaging the sample. This method offers unique opportunities for studying complex fluids and soft materials, chemical synthesis of various compounds, and mimicking harmonic flows in biological systems using compact, tunable, and low‐cost devices.
Insight into the Luminescence Alternation of Sub‐30 nm Upconversion Nanoparticles with a Small NaHoF4 Core and Multi‐Gd3+/Yb3+ Coexisting Shells
Authors: Kuang Ye , Li Tianyao , Jia Tao , Gulzar Arif , Zhong Chongna , Gai Shili , He Fei , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is absolutely imperative for development of material science to adjust upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties of highly doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with special optical properties and prominent application prospects. In this work, featuring NaHoF4@NaYbF4 (Ho@Yb) structures, sub‐30 nm core–multishell UCNPs are synthesized with a small NaHoF4 core and varied Gd3+/Yb3+ coexisting shells. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UCL spectrum, UCL lifetime, and pump power dependence are adhibited for characterization. Compared with the former work, except for a smaller total size, tunable emission in color from red to yellow to green, and intensity from low to stronger than that of traditional UCNPs is achieved for ≈10 nm NaHoF4 core size by means of changing number of layers and Gd3+/Yb3+ concentration ratios in different layers. Besides, simultaneously doping Ho3+ into the shells will result in lowered UCL intensity and lifted green/red ratio. Surface energy loss and sensitizing energy supply, which can be modulated with inert shielding of Gd3+ and sensitization of Yb3+, are proved to be the essential determinant. More UCL properties of these peculiar Ho@Yb UCNPs are uncovered and detailedly summarized, and the findings can help to expand the application scope of NaHoF4 into photoinduced therapy.