bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmotic stress-induced, rapid clustering of IGF2BP proteins nucleates stress granule assembly
Authors: Zeng Wei-jie , Lu Chuxin , Shi Yuanyuan , Chen Xinxin , Yao Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStress granules (SGs) are formed in the cytoplasm by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of translationally-stalled mRNA and RNA-binding proteins during stress response. Understanding the mechanisms governing SG assembly requires imaging SG formation in real time. Here we used live cell imaging and super-resolution imaging to visualize SG assembly in human cells. We found that IGF2BP proteins formed microscopically visible clusters almost instantaneously upon osmotic stress, prior to the recruitment of G3BP1 and TIA1. The rapid clustering of IGF2BP1 was ATP-independent and was mediated by its KH3/4 di-domains and an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), whereas ATP depletion inhibited the recruitment of G3BP1 and TIA1. Moreover, we detected cytoplasmic clusters of IGF2BP1 below the optical resolution in normal cells and found IGF2BP1 forming a dense granule associated with multiple clusters of poly(A) mRNA in mature SGs. Thus, ATP-independent, rapid clustering of IGF2BP nucleates SG assembly during osmotic stress.
Workforce productivity evaluation of the US construction industry from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Li Yulong , Lin Jie , Cui Zihan , Wang Chao , Li Guijun 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Currently, there is a dearth of research studies regarding macro analysis of the workforce productivity of the US construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the workforce productivity changes of the US construction industry from 2006 to 2016, with the number of laborers as input and value of construction industry as output.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study introduced the data envelopment analysis (DEA) based Malmquist productivity index model to measure the workforce productivity of the US construction industry from 2006 to 2016.

Findings
The results indicated that the workforce productivity of the US construction industry experienced a continuous decline, except for the increases from 2011 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2015. It was also shown that there were gaps in the workforce productivity development level among all states and nine regions in the US construction industry. Besides, the relationship between workforce productivity and four aspects, including real estate price, workforce, climate distribution and economic factors, was analyzed.

Research limitations/implications
The calculation of the productivity of the US construction industry is based on the premise that the external environment is fixed and unchanged from 2006 to 2016, but the multi-level DEA model for further calculation is required for obtaining more effective conclusions.

Social implications
This paper measures the workforce productivity of the US construction industry over the past 11 years, which added latest analysis and knowledge into the construction industry, providing decision-makers with advice and data support to formulate policies to improve workforce productivity.

Originality/value
This study provided both government decision-makers and industrial practitioners with important macro background environment information, which will facilitate the improvement of workforce productivity in the construction industry in different regions of the US.
Smart libraries: an emerging and innovative technological habitat of 21st century
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Bano Shohar 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the emerging and innovative technologies which integrate together to form smart libraries. Smart libraries are the new generation libraries, which work with the amalgamation of smart technologies, smart users and smart services.

Design/methodology/approach
An extensive review of literature on “smart libraries” was carried to ascertain the emerging technologies in the smart library domain. Clarivate Analytic’s Web of Science and Sciverse Scopus were explored initially to ascertain the extent of literature published on Smart Libraries and their varied aspects. Literature was searched against various keywords like smart libraries, smart technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Electronic resource management (ERM), Data mining, Artificial intelligence (AI), Ambient intelligence, Blockchain Technology and Augmented Reality. Later on, the works citing the literature on Smart Libraries were also explored to visualize a broad spectrum of emerging concepts about this growing trend in libraries.

Findings
The study confirms that smart libraries are becoming smarter with the emerging smart technologies, which enhances their working capabilities and satisfies the users associated with them. Implementing the smart technologies in the libraries has bridged the gap between the services offered by the libraries and the rapidly changing and competing needs of the humans.

Practical implications
The paper highlights the emerging smart technologies in smart libraries and how they influence the efficiency of libraries in terms of users, services and technological integration.

Originality/value
The paper tries to highlight the current technologies in the smart library set-ups for the efficient working of library set-ups.
Interest-free microfinance in India
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Wasiullah , Waheed Khalid 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the operations of interest-free microfinance institutions, find the issues and recommend possible solutions in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on the case study of Sanghamam Multistate Cooperative Credit Society. This research uses both primary and secondary data. The institution is assessed in terms of two major performance aspects, namely, outreach indicators and financial performance indicators. A brief comparative study of Sanghamam with the aggregate performance of the Indian microfinance industry has also been included.

Findings
It is found that Sanghamam has been successfully providing interest-free microfinance services in India. The performance of Sanghamam on selected industry benchmarks is in line with the performance of the Indian microfinance industry. However, a few issues such as potential liquidity risk, lower penetration in the poorer sections of the population, Shariah issues in the method of determination of service charges on demand loans and in the structure of group deposit scheme and profit-sharing business loans have been highlighted.

Research limitations/implications
Sanghamam is evaluated from only outreach and financial performance aspects and not from the aspect of the impacts of its services.

Practical implications
This study would help in documenting the operations of Sanghamam. Moreover, the recommendations provided, if implemented, would help Sanghamam in further growth.

Social implications
This study would help create awareness in the society about the practices of interest-free microfinance.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the interest-free microfinance practices in India that have not received the needed attention. The authors have discussed the key issues related to the interest free microfinance and recommended the possible solutions.
Effect of current pulsing on super 304HCu weld joints
Authors: M. Vinoth Kumar , V. Balasubramanian 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Super 304HCu super austenitic stainless steel tubes containing 2.3 to 3 (Wt.%) of copper (Cu) is used in superheaters and reheater tubings of nuclear power plants. In general, austenitic stainless steels welded by conventional constant current gas tungsten arc welding (CC-GTAW) produce coarse columnar grains, alloy segregation and may result in inferior mechanical properties. Pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PC-GTAW) can control the solidification structure by altering the prevailing thermal gradients in the weld pool.

Design/methodology/approach
Super 304HCu tubes of Ø 57.1 mm and the wall thickness of 3.5 mm were autogenously welded using CC and PC-GTAW processes. Joints are characterized using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Hot tensile properties of the weld joints were evaluated and correlated with their microstructural features.

Findings
Current pulsing in GTAW has resulted in minimal eutectic film segregation, lower volume % of delta ferrite and appreciable improvement in tensile properties than CC-GTAW joints.

Originality/value
The EBSD boundary map and inverse pole orientation map of Super 304HCu weld joints evidence the grain refinement and much frequent high angle grain boundaries achieved using weld current pulsing.
When to vaccinate a fluctuating wildlife population: Is timing everything?
Authors: Schreiner Courtney L. , Nuismer Scott L. , Basinski Andrew J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Wildlife vaccination is an important tool for managing the burden of infectious disease in human populations, domesticated livestock and various iconic wildlife. Although substantial progress has been made in the field of vaccine designs for wildlife, there is a gap in our understanding of how to time wildlife vaccination, relative to host demography, to best protect a population.

We use a mathematical model and computer simulations to assess the outcomes of vaccination campaigns that deploy vaccines once per annual population cycle.

Optimal timing of vaccination is an important consideration in animals with short to intermediate life spans and a short birthing season. Vaccines that are deployed shortly after the birthing season best protect the host population.

The importance of timing is greater in wildlife pathogens that have a high rate of transmission and a short recovery period. Vaccinating at the end of the birthing season best reduces the mean abundance of pathogen‐infected hosts. Delaying vaccination until later in the year can facilitate pathogen elimination.

Policy Implications. Tuning wildlife vaccination campaigns to host demography and pathogen traits can substantially increase the effectiveness of a campaign. Our results suggest that, for a fluctuating population, vaccinating at, or shortly after, the end of the birthing season, best protects the population against an invading pathogen. If the pathogen is already endemic, delaying vaccination until after the birthing season is over can help facilitate pathogen elimination. Our results highlight the need to better understand and predict host demography in wildlife populations that are targeted for vaccination.
Brexit, Cabinet Norms and the Ministerial Code: Are we Living in a post‐Nolan Era?
Authors: Andrews Leighton 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Nolan Report will celebrate its twenty‐fifth anniversary in 2020, and for most of this last quarter‐century, it has provided the underlying ethical basis for public life in the United Kingdom. However, its principles are now being called into question in a number of areas, following the Conservative government’s loss of its parliamentary majority in the 2017 election, with the interests of party taking precedence over adherence to both the spirit and the codified practical implementation of some of the ultimate outcomes of Nolan, namely the Ministerial Code and the Commissioner for Parliamentary Standards. This article argues, with explicit evidence and examples, that ministerial conduct which would not have been tolerated before 2017 is now being routinely ignored in the interest of maintaining party unity in order to deliver some form of Brexit. The article concludes by asking whether Nolan norms still command consensus post‐Brexit.
Components of disability exclusion: Discrimination, avoidance and accessibility in later life
Authors: Temple Jeromey B. , Kelaher Margaret , Utomo Ariane , Williams Ruth , Brooke Libby 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and context of disability exclusion reported by people with disability, with and without communication and mobility problems.MethodsThe 2015 Survey of Disability Ageing and Carers was used to measure the prevalence of reported exclusion. Tests of proportions were used to examine differences in prevalence rates. Proportional Venn diagrams were used to examine the intersection of measures of exclusion.ResultsApproximately 53% of those with a communication or mobility difficulty reported at least one measure of exclusion. Among this group, 7% reported an instance of discrimination, 44% reported avoidance, and 29% reported an accessibility problem. The levels of discrimination and avoidance for those without communication or mobility difficulties were approximately half this level (16% avoidance and 3% discrimination). Avoidance and discrimination reduced with age, but accessibility was age‐invariant. Exclusion measures intersected and occurred in a variety of contexts.ConclusionDespite protections provided in Australian law, disability exclusion persists and is high among those with communication and mobility difficulties.
The Anthropology of Bees
Authors: Wood John Colman 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFor the past six years I’ve been studying beekeepers in Buncombe County, North Carolina. My interest in beekeeping is part of a larger project on place and identity. “The Anthropology of Bees” grew out of my getting to know one of those beekeepers who had a progressive, ultimately fatal disease. The man in the story is not that man. Nevertheless, the story aims to give readers a sense of what it was like to be him. His interest in and care for bees enlivened him even as his life diminished. As he took care of the bees, the bees drew him into the world from which he might otherwise have withdrawn. The mechanics of his disease are less important here than his experience of it, his sense of life in the shadows.
Plant indicators for Folic Histosols in mountain forests of the Calcareous Alps
Authors: Olleck Michelangelo , Reger Birgit , Ewald Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuestionsAlthough thick forest floors overlying unweathered bedrock are important resources for mountain forests' functioning, their actual distribution is poorly known and difficult to delimit in the field. We therefore asked: (a) What is the specific composition of vegetation growing on Folic Histosols; (b) can indicator plants be used to detect Folic Histosols in mountain forests; (c) what do functional traits of plant indicators tell about the ecological properties of Folic Histosols?LocationNorthern Calcareous Alps, south Germany.MethodsBased on representative stratified sampling of joint vegetation plots and soil profile descriptions, we estimated the frequency and thickness of Folic Histosols, determined the proportion of compositional variation specifically attributable to forest floor thickness using ordination, applied Indicator Species Analysis and searched for typical traits and ecological requirements of indicator species.ResultsThe co‐existence of acidophilic and calciphytic plants is typical for the tessellated occurrence and the successional origin of Folic Histosols. In the study region, the detection of Folic Histosols on pure limestone or dolomite by ground vegetation works very well. Particularly acidophilic plants are suitable indicators for thick forest floors. The indicator value of bryophytes and Ericaceae for Folic Histosols is likely related to the colonization of rotten wood. Folic Histosol indicator species are widely spread in the allocation to sociology group, which ranges from open landscapes to dark forests and reflects successional origin.ConclusionsIn mountain forests on carbonate bedrock, thick humus layers often occur next to bare rock. This tessellated structure can also be detected in the ground vegetation, where acidophilic and calciphytic plants occur side by side. Thick Folic Histosols in late successional forests are dominated by acidophilic plants colonizing rotten wood. Thus, the detection of Folic Histosols by understorey species is an easy and cost‐effective possibility and one key to protect these vulnerable forest sites.
Bayesian shrinkage estimation of high dimensional causal mediation effects in omics studies
Authors: Song Yanyi , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Min , Zhao Wei , Liu Yongmei , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Roux Ana V. Diez , Needham Belinda L. , Smith Jennifer A. , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCausal mediation analysis aims to examine the role of a mediator or a group of mediators that lie in the pathway between an exposure and an outcome. Recent biomedical studies often involve a large number of potential mediators based on high‐throughput technologies. Most of the current analytic methods focus on settings with one or a moderate number of potential mediators. With the expanding growth of ‐omics data, joint analysis of molecular‐level genomics data with epidemiological data through mediation analysis is becoming more common. However, such joint analysis requires methods that can simultaneously accommodate high‐dimensional mediators and that are currently lacking. To address this problem, we develop a Bayesian inference method using continuous shrinkage priors to extend previous causal mediation analysis techniques to a high‐dimensional setting. Simulations demonstrate that our method improves the power of global mediation analysis compared to simpler alternatives and has decent performance to identify true nonnull contributions to the mediation effects of the pathway. The Bayesian method also helps us to understand the structure of the composite null cases for inactive mediators in the pathway. We applied our method to Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and identified DNA methylation regions that may actively mediate the effect of socioeconomic status on cardiometabolic outcomes.
Added value of diffusion‐weighted images and dynamic contrast enhancement in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in the PICTURE trial
Authors: Eldred‐Evans David , Neves Joana B. , Simmons Lucy A.M. , Kanthabalan Abi , McCartan Neil , Shah Taimur T. , Arya Manit , Charman Susan C. , Freeman Alex , Moore Caroline M. , Punwani Shonit , Emberton Mark , Ahmed Hashim U. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the additional diagnostic value of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (DCE) in men requiring a repeat biopsy within the PICTURE study.Patients and MethodsPICTURE was a paired‐cohort confirmatory study in which 249 men who required further risk stratification after a previous non‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided transrectal ultrasonography‐guided biopsy underwent a 3‐Tesla (3T) multiparametic (mp)MRI consisting of T2‐weighted imaging (T2W), DWI and DCE, followed by transperineal template prostate mapping biopsy. Each mpMRI was reported using a LIKERT score in a sequential blinded manner to generate scores for T2W, T2W+DWI and T2W+DWI+DCE. Area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of each combination. The threshold for a positive mpMRI was set at a LIKERT score ≥3. Clinically significant prostate cancer was analysed across a range of definitions including UCL/Ahmed definition 1 (primary definition), UCL/Ahmed definition 2, any Gleason ≥3 + 4 and any Gleason ≥4 + 3.ResultsOf 249 men, sequential MRI reporting was available for 246. There was a higher rate of equivocal lesions (44.6%) using T2W alone compared to the addition of DWI (23.9%) and DCE (19.8%). Using the primary definition of clinically significant disease, there was no significant difference in the overall accuracy between T2W, with an AUROC of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.80), T2W+DWI at 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.82), and T2W+DWI+DCE, with an AUROC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.71–0.82; P = 0.55). The AUROC values remained comparable using other definitions of clinically significant disease including UCL/Ahmed definition 2 (P = 0.79), Gleason ≥3 + 4 (P = 0.53) and Gleason ≥4 + 3 (P = 0.53).ConclusionsUsing 3T MRI, a high level of diagnostic accuracy can be achieved using T2W as a single parameter in men with a prior biopsy; however, such a strategy can lead to a higher rate of equivocal lesions.
IDH mutant lower grade (WHO Grades II/III) astrocytomas can be stratified for risk by CDKN2A, CDK4 and PDGFRA copy number alterations
Authors: Yang Rui Ryan , Shi Zhi‐feng , Zhang Zhen‐yu , Chan Aden Ka‐Yin , Aibaidula Abudumijiti , Wang Wei‐wei , Kwan Johnny Sheung Him , Poon Wai Sang , Chen Hong , Li Wen‐cai , Chung Nellie Yuk‐Fei , Punchhi Gopika , Chu William Ching‐Yuen , Chan Ivan Sik‐Hei , Liu Xian‐zhi , Mao Ying , Li Kay Ka‐Wai , Ng Ho‐Keung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the 2016, WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a main classifier for lower grade astrocytomas and IDH‐mutated astrocytomas is now regarded as a single group with longer survival. However, the molecular and clinical heterogeneity among IDH mutant lower grade (WHO Grades II/III) astrocytomas have only rarely been investigated. In this study, we recruited 160 IDH mutant lower grade (WHO Grades II/III) astrocytomas, and examined PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A deletion and CDK4 amplification by FISH analysis, TERT promoter mutation by Sanger sequencing and ATRX loss and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. We identified PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A homozygous deletion and CDK4 amplification in 18.8%, 15.0% and 18.1% of our cohort respectively, and these alterations occurred in a mutually exclusive fashion. PDGFRA amplification was associated with shorter PFS (P = 0.0003) and OS (P < 0.0001). In tumors without PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A homozygous deletion or CDK4 amplification was associated with a shorter OS (P = 0.035). Tumors were divided into three risk groups based on the presence of molecular alterations: high risk (PDGFRA amplification), intermediate risk (CDKN2A deletion or CDK4 amplification) and low risk (neither CDKN2A deletion and CDK4 amplification nor PDGFRA amplification). These three risk groups were significantly different in overall survival with mean survivals of 40.5, 62.9 and 71.5 months. The high‐risk group also demonstrated a shorter PFS compared to intermediate‐ (P = 0.036) and low‐risk (P < 0.0001) groups. One limitation of this study is the relatively short follow‐up period, a common confounding factor for studies on low‐grade tumors. Our data illustrate that IDH mutant lower grade astrocytomas is not a homogeneous group and should be molecularly stratified for risk.
Heterogeneity of microglia and their differential roles in white matter pathology
Authors: Lee Janice , Hamanaka Gen , Lo Eng H. , Arai Ken 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroglia are resident immune cells that play multiple roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and disease. Although the classical concept of microglia/macrophage activation is based on a biphasic beneficial‐versus‐deleterious polarization, growing evidence now suggests a much more heterogenous profile of microglial activation that underlie their complex roles in the CNS. To date, the majority of data are focused on microglia in gray matter. However, demyelination is a prominent pathologic finding in a wide range of diseases including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. In this mini‐review, we discuss newly discovered functional subsets of microglia that contribute to white matter response in CNS disease onset and progression. Microglia show different molecular patterns and morphologies depending on disease type and brain region, especially in white matter. Moreover, in later stages of disease, microglia demonstrate unconventional immuno‐regulatory activities such as increased phagocytosis of myelin debris and secretion of trophic factors that stimulate oligodendrocyte lineage cells to facilitate remyelination and disease resolution. Further investigations of these multiple microglia subsets may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat white matter pathology in CNS injury and disease.