bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Dopant Effects in ZnO as an Electron Transport Layer for Enhanced Efficiency in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Thilakan Anusha Puliparambil , Hung Pei‐Lun , Yang Jin‐Bin , Lin Ding‐Lun , Tzeng Shien‐Der , Hsu Yu‐Kuei , Tsai Chih‐Hung , Pai Yi‐Hao , Yabushita Atshushi , Luo Chih‐Wei , Chen Mei‐Hsin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells greatly depend on the device architecture and choice of charge transporting materials. Improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) for inverted organic solar cells is observed when using Sn‐doped ZnO as the electron transporting layer. By doping the elements with different numbers of valence electrons (Al3+ and Sn4+ ions) into the ZnO matrix, device conversion efficiencies of 8.69% and 9.21%, respectively, are achieved. Conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) observations reveal that the Sn‐doped ZnO film exhibits better conductivity due to its larger number of carrier charges. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) indicates larger oxygen vacancies (OV) in Sn‐doped ZnO. Electrochemical characterization exhibits that there is a reduction in series resistance and charge transfer (CT) resistance for SZO, indicating the optimal charge transport capability of the electron transport layer (ETL). Ultrafast time‐resolved studies further show that, in comparison with Al‐doped ZnO and un‐doped ZnO, the elevated carrier concentration in Sn‐doped ZnO plays a significant role in augmenting the photocurrent. Thus, it is determined how dopants in ETL influence CT mechanisms, enhancing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, thus contributing to the development of cost‐effective and efficient photovoltaic technologies.
An Effective Precursor‐Solutioned Strategy for Developing Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 Thin Film Toward High Efficiency Solar Cell
Authors: Liang Ang , Jian Yue , Zhao Yun , Chen Shuo , Zhao Jun , Zheng Zhuanghao , Luo Jingting , Ma Hongli , Zhang Xianghua , Su Zhenghua , Liang Guangxing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing the efficiency of Cu2ZnSn (S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin‐film solar cells requires the development of well‐crystallized light‐absorbing layers. A deep understanding of the role of precursor solution chemistry in film nucleation and crystal growth processes is essential. Insights into these processes enable the development of innovative strategies to enhance absorber quality, minimize detrimental bulk defects, and ultimately improve device performance. This study elucidates the condensation reactions between thiourea and metal cations, as well as the alcoholysis of 2‐methoxyethanol (MOE), at different concentrations of precursor solutions. The primary focus of this study is implementing a simple and environmentally friendly innovative spin‐coating strategy, aimed at optimizing Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor films and adjusting the Se content within the film bulk to promote grain growth during selenization. This strategy effectively improves absorber morphology while suppressing the formation of deep‐level defects, thereby enhancing carrier transport in both interfacial and bulk regions of the absorber layer. Consequently, CZTSSe absorbers with enhanced crystallinity and reduced defects are synthesized, resulting in a solar cell with an impressive efficiency of 14.10%. These findings underscore the potential for creating highly efficient kesterite CZTSSe solar cells through the manipulation of precursor solution chemistry using environmentally friendly solvents.
Advancing Flow Batteries: High Energy Density and Ultra‐Fast Charging via Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal
Authors: He Yi , Cui Yifan , Yu Jianwen , Shang Wenxu , Tan Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change necessitates urgent carbon neutrality. Energy storage is crucial in this effort, but adoption is hindered by current battery technologies due to low energy density, slow charging, and safety issues. A novel liquid metal flow battery using a gallium, indium, and zinc alloy (Ga80In10Zn10, wt.%) is introduced in an alkaline electrolyte with an air electrode. This system offers ultrafast charging comparable to gasoline refueling (<5 min) as demonstrated in the repeated long‐term discharging (123 h) process of 317 mAh capacity at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an average voltage of 1.1 V. A high practical capacity density of 635.1 mAh g−1 is achieved in this brand‐new battery with a potential theoretical value of 1004.4 mAh g−1. Microscopic and numerical simulations reveal significant hydrogen evolution reaction and dendrite suppression compared to Zn and pure Ga electrodes. The potassium iodide (KI)‐modified Ga80In10Zn10‐air battery exhibits a reduced charging voltage of 1.77 V and high energy efficiency of 57% at 10 mA cm−2 over 800 cycles, outperforming conventional Pt/C and Ir/C‐based systems with 22% improvement. This innovative battery addresses the limitations of traditional lithium‐ion batteries, flow batteries, and Zn‐air batteries, contributing advanced energy storage technologies to global carbon neutrality.
Assessing the Efficiency of the Marine Protected Area Systems in the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Zucconi Mauro G. , Opazo Felipe , Navarrete Sergio A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAmidst accelerated degradation of marine ecosystems due to anthropogenic disturbances, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented globally to protect marine biodiversity, mitigate ecosystem degradation and replenish fisheries. In many countries, the creation of MPAs increased after the 2011 Aichi Targets, but in most cases, MPAs face significant operational and logistical challenges and suffer from important structural limitations that restrict their efficacy. Here, we use novel databases of taxonomic and functional diversity of 2125 coastal species (< 30 m depth), habitat continuity and climate velocities to assess the efficacy of the existing MPAs located in the Tropical, Southern, Chilean and Magellan ecoregions of the Eastern Pacific (EP). We then use optimization models to locate new MPA sites that improve protection of geographic rarity and maximize their role as climate refugia while maintaining total area protected. Existing MPAs captured between 75% and 95% of species richness in all ecoregions, largely due to the large biogeographic ranges of most species, but under‐represented rare endemic species, capturing between 3% and 66%, of single‐occurrence species among ecoregions. In general, MPAs are located in areas of ‘moderate’ to ‘high’ functional diversity, representing relatively well this feature within ecoregions, but less effectively across all SEP. There is a large geographical mismatch between current MPA locations and regions that might act as ‘climatic refugia’, which threatens the long‐term conservation value of existing MPAs. Our spatial optimization models provide valuable support for enhancing the effectiveness of MPAs, through complementation or relocation, improving their efficacy to conserve different aspects of biodiversity and resilience in the face of climate change in all ecoregions. Notably, these improvements do not necessitate expanding the total area under protection, underscoring that current MPA siting did not prioritize these criteria and suggesting that modifications may be socio‐politically possible.
A Virtual Voltage Vector Modulated Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converters
Authors: Han Jingang , Ding Zhaoju , Ceesay Lamin F. , Yao Gang , Charpentier Frédéric , Benbouzid Mohamed , Tang Tianhao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe model predictive control (MPC) method is widely applied in modular multilevel converter (MMC) control due to its multiple‐object inclusion and fast response. But there still some challenges that exist such as high computational burden caused by the large number of submodule (SM), weighting factors tuning for various control object in the cost function and requirement of short sampling times. To solve these challenges, a virtual voltage vector modulated model predictive control (VSVV‐M2PC) scheme for the control of the MMC is proposed. This scheme enables the MMC to output dual voltage levels, which improves the current tracking accuracy. Additional circulating current suppression (CCS) method and sorting‐based modulator are designed, which reduce the computational burden, achieve fixed switching frequency, and avoid the weighting factor tuning process. Finally, the proposed scheme is validated by experimental results.
Sustainable, Wearable, and Eco‐Friendly Electronic Textiles
Authors: Dulal Marzia , Modha Harsh Rajesh Mansukhlal , Liu Jingqi , Islam Md Rashedul , Carr Chris , Hasan Tawfique , Thorn Robin Michael Statham , Afroj Shaila , Karim Nazmul 
Published: December 2024

Wearable electronic textiles (e‐textiles) with embedded electronics offer promising solutions for unobtrusive, real‐time health monitoring, enhancing healthcare efficiency. However, their adoption is limited by performance and sustainability challenges in materials, manufacturing, and recycling. This study introduces a sustainable paradigm for the fabrication of fully inkjet‐printed Smart, Wearable, and Eco‐friendly Electronic Textiles (SWEET) with the first comprehensive assessments of the biodegradability and life cycle assessment (LCA). SWEET addresses existing limitations, enabling concurrent and continuous monitoring of human physiology, including skin surface temperature (at temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR value of ~−4.4% °C−1) and heart rate (~74 beats per minute, bpm) separately and simultaneously like the industry gold standard, using consistent, versatile, and highly efficient inkjet‐printed graphene and Poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐based wearable e‐textiles. Demonstrations with a wearable garment on five human participants confirm the system's capability to monitor their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and skin temperature. Such sustainable and biodegradable e‐textiles decompose by ~48% in weight and lost ~98% strength over 4 months. Life cycle assessment (LCA) reveals that the graphene‐based electrode has the lowest climate change impact of ~0.037 kg CO2 eq, 40 times lower than reference electrodes. This approach addresses material and manufacturing challenges, while aligning with environmental responsibility, marking a significant leap forward in sustainable e‐textile technology for personalized healthcare management.
Effects of anti‐inflammatory dietary supplements on pelvic pain in females with endometriosis: A GRADE‐assessed systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs
Authors: Naeini Fatemeh , Tanha Fatemeh Davari , Ansar Hastimansooreh , Hosseinzadeh‐Attar Mohammad Javad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis, the most perplexing gynecologic condition, impairs the quality of life because it is usually accompanied by persistent severe acyclic pelvic pain and infertility as its two main symptoms. The majority economic burden of endometriosis is due to infertility and pelvic pain. Therefore, alleviating pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis is a necessity.ObjectivesThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize evidence about the effects of anti‐inflammatory dietary supplements on pelvic pain in females with endometriosis.Search StrategyPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as online databases were systematically searched by relevant keywords up to December 2023.Selection CriteriaRandomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with either a parallel or crossover design conducted in adults with endometriosis were selected.Data Collection and AnalysisRandom effect analysis was used to run meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were run to detect heterogeneity sources. Quality assessment was done by revised Cochrane Collaboration tool II. The certainty of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE tool.Main ResultsA significant decrease in pelvic pain following supplementation with anti‐inflammatory dietary supplements was detected. Also, anti‐inflammatory dietary supplements could significantly decline pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis when the age of the participants was ≥32 years, the duration of supplementation was >8 weeks, the type of intervention was anti‐inflammatory vitamins, the stage of endometriosis of study participants was > II, and baseline body mass index (BMI) of the participants was >23 kg/m2.ConclusionsUse of anti‐inflammatory dietary supplements in females with endometriosis results in a remarkable decrease in pelvic pain.
Anatomic boundary‐aware explanation for convolutional neural networks in diagnostic radiology
Authors: Yuan Han 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundConvolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved remarkable success in medical image analysis. However, unlike some general‐domain tasks where model accuracy is paramount, medical applications demand both accuracy and explainability due to the high stakes affecting patients' lives. Based on model explanations, clinicians can evaluate the diagnostic decisions suggested by CNN. Nevertheless, prior explainable artificial intelligence methods treat medical image tasks akin to general vision tasks, following end‐to‐end paradigms to generate explanations and frequently overlooking crucial clinical domain knowledge.MethodsWe propose a plug‐and‐play module that explicitly integrates anatomic boundary information into the explanation process for CNN‐based thoracopathy classifiers. To generate the anatomic boundary of the lung parenchyma, we utilize a lung segmentation model developed on external public datasets and deploy it on the unseen target dataset to constrain model explanations within the lung parenchyma for the clinical task of thoracopathy classification.ResultsAssessed by the intersection over union and dice similarity coefficient between model‐extracted explanations and expert‐annotated lesion areas, our method consistently outperformed the baseline devoid of clinical domain knowledge in 71 out of 72 scenarios, encompassing 3 CNN architectures (VGG‐11, ResNet‐18, and AlexNet), 2 classification settings (binary and multi‐label), 3 explanation methods (Saliency Map, Grad‐CAM, and Integrated Gradients), and 4 co‐occurred thoracic diseases (Atelectasis, Fracture, Mass, and Pneumothorax).ConclusionsWe underscore the effectiveness of leveraging radiology knowledge in improving model explanations for CNN and envisage that it could inspire future efforts to integrate clinical domain knowledge into medical image analysis.
Comparison of clinical independence level scores among predoctoral dental students between dental school clinic and community clinic rotation
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , Amrutham Vaishnavi , Albright Amanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the difference in the level of clinical independence among predoctoral dental students during their community clinic rotation with their dental school clinic rotations.MethodsDescriptive statistics, assessment of sample normality, and T‐tests were performed to present the difference in average independence scale scores for the participants in each of the clinical disciplines at dental school clinical rotations and community rotations. The relative impact of each community clinical site was assessed to compare scores assigned at varying locations by different faculty.ResultsThis study analyzed 222 dental students, including 29 from International Dental Program (IDP) and 193 traditional Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) students. Community clinic scores showed greater variability, with significantly higher scores in diagnostics and operative dentistry compared to school clinics, where higher scores were noted in endodontics and oral surgery. IDP students scored lower than traditional DDS students in school clinics but outperformed them in community settings. Community clinic scores showed greater variation between 2023 and 2024 compared to the smaller changes observed in dental school clinic scores.ConclusionsThis study highlights the impact of clinical setting, and duration on student procedural experience and performance, suggesting that varied clinical settings can enhance students' skills and readiness for practice. It reveals differences in DDS and IDP students' experiences due to prior training and potential evaluation biases. Study findings suggested lack of significant variance in the overall scores across different evaluators in community rotations. Future research should focus on refining evaluation metrics and better prepare students for practice.
A Review of MRI Acoustic Noise Outputs and Hearing Protection Device Performance
Authors: Steckner Michael 
Published: December 2024

The acoustic noise outputs of MR equipment typically require a hearing protection device (HPD) to minimize the likelihood of patient hearing loss. Several different ways to quantify HPD performance have been developed and adopted over many years in different countries across the world (eg, NRR, SNR, SLC80). These HPD evaluations are done in controlled laboratory conditions, following different standardized methodologies, producing different performance ratings for the same HPD, and consequently of a variable relationship with achieved real‐world usage performance assessments. Conversely, the MR manufacturers follow one standard (NEMA MS‐4) which strives to produce a worst‐case peak and average acoustic noise output measurement. Measuring the acoustic output of MR equipment is a complex undertaking in the confined patient space, especially when considering the variability of what is in the patient imaging space. Given both the MR equipment acoustic output measurements and the HPD performance rating, it is theoretically possible to estimate the worst‐case patient exposure level, subject to the uncertainty of how successfully the protection was applied and population variability. An assessment, shown here, suggests that the worst‐case outputs from the loudest MR equipment requires the best passive HPD performance presently available in order to meet patient protection guidelines, but only when the HPD is properly deployed. However, when considering government agency derating recommendations that estimate protection achieved during practical application, the various metrics are not consistent in confirming that the best HPD provide sufficient protection. This paper reviews the challenges of determining and providing sufficient hearing protection. The correct deployment of HPD, and its verification, is thus a critical factor in ensuring adequate patient protection and the main concern of this review.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 5
Beyond pink ribbons: The unmet needs of women with breast cancer
Authors: Feighan Laura , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley , Callister Robin , Surjan Yolanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. The treatment options for breast cancer can cause side effects and adversely impact quality of life. Side effects, including fatigue, pain, cognitive changes, and psychosocial complications, can be life altering and continue beyond treatment into survivorship. Traditionally, health professionals focused almost entirely on achieving cancer survival; however, due to significant success in cancer treatment outcomes, most women now live beyond their breast cancer treatment. Consequently, addressing side effects and compromises in quality of life are becoming more important issues to include in a comprehensive approach to breast cancer treatment. For women, these unmet needs may involve body image concerns, sexual dysfunction, and other lifestyle challenges, and may not have previously been given sufficient recognition or priority. It is necessary for us, as oncology healthcare professionals, to modify our delivery of cancer care and ensure that more comprehensive care is provided to women. By addressing women's unmet needs, we can contribute to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals regarding improving health and equality. This commentary seeks to emphasise the advantages of providing comprehensive care for women with breast cancer and advocates for cancer care professionals to actively participate in initiating and implementing this care.
Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Neurophysiology in Jerky Movement Disorders: A Review from the MDS Clinical Neurophysiology Study Group
Authors: Latorre Anna , Ganos Christos , Hamada Masashi , Phielipp Nicolas , Rocchi Lorenzo , Merchant Shabbir , Tijssen Marina A. , van der Veen Sterre , Chen Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyoclonus and other jerky movement disorders are hyperkinetic disorders, the diagnosis of which heavily relies on clinical neurophysiological testing. However, formal diagnostic criteria are lacking, and recently the utility and reliability of these tests have been questioned.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to assess the utilization of clinical neurophysiology testing to identify possible gaps and boundaries that might guide the development of new methods for a more precise diagnosis and in‐depth understanding of myoclonus.MethodsWe reviewed electrophysiological features of cortical myoclonus, subcortical myoclonus (ie, myoclonus associated with dystonia, brainstem myoclonus), excessive startle reflex, spinal myoclonus (ie, spinal segmental and propriospinal myoclonus), peripheral myoclonus and mimics of myoclonus of peripheral origin (hemifacial spasm, minipolymyoclonus, myokymia), functional jerky movements, chorea, and tics.ResultsElectrophysiological features that support the recognition of myoclonus subtypes, such as muscle burst duration, muscle pattern of activation, measures of cortical excitability, or movement‐related cortical potentials, have been identified. These significantly contribute to the diagnosis of jerky movement disorders, but their reliability is uncertain. Despite the significant advancements, several unresolved questions persist. Factors contributing to this include the absence of systematic neurophysiological assessment and standardized methods, alongside the limited number of patients investigated using these techniques.ConclusionAlthough clinical neurophysiology remains the “gold standard” for defining and diagnosing myoclonus, our review highlighted the need to enhance the quality and reliability of neurophysiological testing in jerky movement disorders. Further studies including larger cohorts of patients recruited from different centers, employing standardized and optimized electrophysiological techniques, are warranted.
Key Regulators of Parasite Biology Viewed Through a Post‐Translational Modification Repertoire
Authors: Zhang Naiwen , Jiang Ning , Chen Qijun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTParasites are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Controlling parasitic diseases has become one of the key issues in achieving “One Health”. Most parasites have sophisticated life cycles exhibiting progressive developmental stages, morphologies, and host‐switching, which are controlled by various regulatory machineries including protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs have emerged as a key mechanism by which parasites modulate their virulence, developmental transitions, and environmental adaptations. PTMs are enzyme‐mediated additions or removals of chemical groups that dynamically regulate the stability and functions of proteins and confer novel properties, playing vital roles in a variety of biological processes and cellular functions. In this review, we circumscribe how parasites utilize various PTMs to regulate their intricate lives, with a focus on the biological role of PTMs in parasite biology and pathogenesis.