bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of Triatoma rubrofasciata, the vector of Chagas disease in Guangxi, China
Authors: Shi Yunliang , Wei Yaobao , Feng Xiangyang , Liu Jianfeng , Jiang Zhihua , Ou Fangqi , Wei Haiyan , Lv Guoli , Wan Xiaoling , Wang Ziyue , Yang Yichao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Triatomines are natural vectors of Chagas disease and are mainly prevalent in the Americas. In China, previous data from decades ago showed that there were two species of triatomine bugs, Triatoma rubrofasciata and T. sinica. However, the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of triatomines in China are still relatively unknown. In order to gain knowledge on the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of the triatomines in Guangxi, China, an entomological-epidemiological study and genetic research was conducted.

Methods
Different methods were used to elucidate the distribution of triatomines in Guangxi including consultations with county-level Center for Disease Prevention and Control staff and village doctors, the distribution of educational material on triatomines though the internet and social media apps such as Wechat and QQ, and conducting manual inspections and light trapping to collect triatomines. The morphological characteristics of the collected triatomines were identified under light microscopy. The mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome b (cytb) genes and nuclear 28S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced and used in phylogenetic analyses.

Results
A total of 305 triatomines were captured from 54 different sites in 13 cities in Guangxi. All collected bugs were identified as T. rubrofasciata based on morphology. Most triatomine collection sites were around or inside houses. Four triatomines bite cases were observed during the investigation indicating that triatomine bites are common, the bites can cause serious anaphylaxis and skin papules and urticaria, suggesting a systemic skin response. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from Guangxi and other countries showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions exhibit a high similarity, with no geographical differences. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA and cytb genes showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions and continents were in the same cluster, indicating no differentiation among different geographical populations.

Conclusions
Our study showed that T. rubrofasciata is widely distributed in Guangxi and that people are commonly bitten by this insect in some regions. This highlights the need to enhance surveillance for and control of T. rubrofasciata and to strengthen the monitoring of imported Trypanosoma cruzi in China. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from different regions and continents suggested that T. rubrofasciata populations exhibit high similarity, and the clustering in the phylogenetic analyses indicates that T. rubrofasciata has a close ancestor originating in the Americas.
The effects of bariatric surgery on clinical profile, DNA methylation, and ageing in severely obese patients
Authors: Fraszczyk Eliza , Luijten Mirjam , Spijkerman Annemieke M. W. , Snieder Harold , Wackers Paul F. K. , Bloks Vincent W. , Nicoletti Carolina F. , Nonino Carla B. , Crujeiras Ana B. , Buurman Wim A. , Greve Jan Willem , Rensen Sander S. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Jana V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Severe obesity is a growing, worldwide burden and conventional therapies including radical change of diet and/or increased physical activity have limited results. Bariatric surgery has been proposed as an alternative therapy showing promising results. It leads to substantial weight loss and improvement of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Increased adiposity is associated with changes in epigenetic profile, including DNA methylation. We investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on clinical profile, DNA methylation, and biological age estimated using Horvath’s epigenetic clock.

Results
To determine the impact of bariatric surgery and subsequent weight loss on clinical traits, a cohort of 40 severely obese individuals (BMI = 30–73 kg/m2) was examined at the time of surgery and at three follow-up visits, i.e., 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The majority of the individuals were women (65%) and the mean age at surgery was 45.1 ± 8.1 years. We observed a significant decrease over time in BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and free fatty acids levels, and a significant small increase in HDL levels (all p values < 0.05). Epigenome-wide association analysis revealed 4857 differentially methylated CpG sites 12 months after surgery (at Bonferroni-corrected p value < 1.09 × 10−7). Including BMI change in the model decreased the number of significantly differentially methylated CpG sites by 51%. Gene set enrichment analysis identified overrepresentation of multiple processes including regulation of transcription, RNA metabolic, and biosynthetic processes in the cell. Bariatric surgery in severely obese patients resulted in a decrease in both biological age and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) (mean = − 0.92, p value = 0.039).

Conclusions
Our study shows that bariatric surgery leads to substantial BMI decrease and improvement of clinical outcomes observed 12 months after surgery. These changes explained part of the association between bariatric surgery and DNA methylation. We also observed a small, but significant improvement of biological age. These epigenetic changes may be modifiable by environmental lifestyle factors and could be used as potential biomarkers for obesity and in the future for obesity related comorbidities.
Persistence and predictors of self-injurious behaviour in autism: a ten-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Laverty Catherine , Oliver Chris , Moss Jo , Nelson Lisa , Richards Caroline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Self-injurious behaviours, such as head banging, hair pulling, skin picking and scratching, are common in individuals with autism. Despite high prevalence rates, there is a paucity of longitudinal research to refine models of risk and mechanism and inform service planning. In this longitudinal study, we investigated self-injury in a cohort of individuals with autism over 10 years to identify behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistent self-injury.

Methods
Carers of 67 individuals with autism completed questionnaires relating to the presence of self-injury and relevant risk markers at T1 (mean [SD] age in years 13.4 [7.7]) and T3 (mean [SD] age in years 23.9 [7.7]) 10 years later. Forty-six of these also took part at T2 (3 years after initial participation). Analysis assessed demographic and behavioural risk markers for self-injury, as well as the predictive value of items assessed at T1and T2.

Results
Self-injury was persistent in 44% of individuals over the 10-year period, with behavioural characteristics of impulsivity (p < .001) and overactivity (p = .002), identified as risk markers for persistence. A predictive model of self-injury was derived from LASSO analysis, with baseline impulsivity, interest and pleasure, stereotyped behaviour, social communication and adaptive functioning predicting self-injury over 10 years.

Conclusions
In this unique longitudinal investigation into the persistence of self-injury in a non-clinical sample of individuals with autism over a 10 year period, we have identified a novel, robust and stable profile of behavioural characteristics associated with persistent self-injury. Findings support an early intervention strategy targeted towards individuals identified to be at a higher risk of developing self-injurious behaviour.
A kind of non-zero sum mixed differential game of backward stochastic differential equation
Authors: Zhang Huanjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a non-zero sum mixed differential game problem described by a backward stochastic differential equation. Here the term “mixed” means that this game problem contains a deterministic control $v_{1}$v1 of Player 1 and a random control process $v_{2}$v2 of Player 2. By virtue of the classical variational method, a necessary condition and an Arrow’s sufficient condition for the mixed stochastic differential game problem are presented. A linear–quadratic mixed differential game problem is discussed, and the corresponding Nash equilibrium point is explicitly expressed by the solution of mean-field forward–backward stochastic differential equation. The most distinguishing feature, compared with the existing literature, is that the optimal state process of the linear–quadratic game satisfies a linear mean-field backward stochastic differential equation. Finally, a home mortgage and wealth management problem is given to illustrate our theoretical results.
Pain level between clear aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review
Authors: Cardoso Paula Coutinho , Espinosa Daybelis Gonzalez , Mecenas Paulo , Flores-Mir Carlos , Normando David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess if there is any difference in pain levels between orthodontic treatment with clear aligners or fixed appliances.

Materials and methods
An electronic search was completed in PubMed, The Cochrane Database, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and OpenGrey databases without any restrictions until February 2019. All comparative study types contrasting pain levels between clear aligners and fixed appliances were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, ROBINS-I-Tool, or ROB 2.0 according to the study design. The level of evidence was assessed through the GRADE tool.

Results
After removal of duplicates, exclusion by title and abstract, and reading the full text, only seven articles were included. Five were prospective non-randomized clinical trials (CCT), one was a cross-sectional study, and one was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Two studies presented a high RoB, three a moderate RoB, and two a low RoB (including the RCT). A meta-analysis was not performed because of clinical, statistical, and methodological heterogeneity. Most of the studies found that pain levels in patients treated with Invisalign were lower than those treated with conventional fixed appliances during the first days of treatment. Differences disappeared thereafter. No evidence was identified for other brands of clear aligners.

Conclusions
Based on a moderate level of certainty, orthodontic patients treated with Invisalign appear to feel lower levels of pain than those treated with fixed appliances during the first few days of treatment. Thereafter (up to 3 months), differences were not noted. Malocclusion complexity level among included studies was mild. Pain is one of many considerations and predictability and technical outcome are more important, mainly considering that the difference does not seem to occur after the first months of the orthodontic treatment.
Tunable metasurfaces for visible and SWIR applications
Authors: Lee Chang-Won , Choi Hee Jin , Jeong Heejeong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDemand on optical or photonic applications in the visible or short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, such as vision, virtual or augmented displays, imaging, spectroscopy, remote sensing (LIDAR), chemical reaction sensing, microscopy, and photonic integrated circuits, has envisaged new type of subwavelength-featured materials and devices for controlling electromagnetic waves. The study on metasurfaces, of which the thickness is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the considered incoming electromagnetic wave, has been grown rapidly to embrace the needs of developing sub 100-micron active photonic pixelated devices and their arrayed form. Meta-atoms in metasurfaces are now actively controlled under external stimuli to lead to a large phase shift upon the incident light, which has provided a huge potential for arrayed two-dimensional active optics. This short review summarizes actively tunable or reconfigurable metasurfaces for the visible or SWIR spectra, to account for the physical operating principles and the current issues to overcome.
The role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes during gonadogenesis of albino rat
Authors: Aeshra Lina A. , Moustafa Maiada , Elmallah Mohammed I.Y. , Salih Said Abdelrahman , Abdel Kader Ibrahim Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in normal embryonic development as well as abnormal pathological events such as tumor formation and metastasis. One of these important events that may explain this phenomenon during embryogenesis is the migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from hindgut into the genital ridge during gonadogenesis. Yet, more studies are needed to explain the molecular changes underlying the role of EMT during gonadogenesis. Here, we aimed to study the molecular changes of four genes to determine whether the EMT occurs during gonadogenesis. These studied genes are alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as PGC marker, E-cadherin (CDH1) as epithelial marker, vimentin (VIM) as mesenchymal marker, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as migration regulator and differentiation marker.ResultsThe results showed a substantial decrease in the expression of ALP by the increase of the embryonic age. The expression of CDH1 is inversely proportional to the expression of VIM during the days of PGC migration. STAT3 expression related to the time of occurrence of migration and differentiation.ConclusionTaken together, our findings demonstrated the molecular changes of ALP, PGC, CDH1, and VIM during the process of gonadogenesis. Further studies are warranted to understand other molecular mechanisms associated with gonadogenesis.
Iron(II) Complexes Having Dinuclear Mesocate or Octanuclear Bicapped Trigonal Prism Structures Dependent on the Rigidity of Bis(bidentate) Schiff Base Ligands Containing Imidazole Groups
Authors: Tanaka Tsubasa , Sunatsuki Yukinari , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dinuclear complex, [Fe2(H2L1,Me)3](ClO4)4 (1Me, H2L1,Me = N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(1-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanimine)), and octanuclear complexes, [Fe8(H2L2,H)12](ClO4)16 (2HClO4: H2L2,H = N,N′-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanimine) and [Fe8(H2L2,Me)12](X)16 (2MeX: H2L2,Me = N,N′-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanimine), X = ClO4, BF4), were synthesized. It was revealed by X-ray analysis that 1Me has a dinuclear mesocate structure. On the other hand, 2HClO4 and 2MeX have novel octanuclear bicapped trigonal prism structures with six iron(II) sites having the meridional configuration on vertexes and two iron(II) sites having the facial one on the centers of each triangular base. Magnetic susceptibility studies indicated that these dinuclear and octanuclear complexes show gradual spin-crossover (SCO) behavior.
Noninvasive CT radiomic model for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in early cervical carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jiaming , He Bingxi , Dong Di , Liu Ping , Duan Hui , Li Weili , Li Pengfei , Wang Lu , Fan Huijian , Wang Siwen , Zhang Liwen , Tian Jie , Huang Zhipei , Chen Chunlin 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To build and validate a CT radiomic model for pre-operatively predicting lymph node metastasis in early cervical carcinoma.

Methods and materials:
A data set of 150 patients with Stage IB1 to IIA2 cervical carcinoma was retrospectively collected from the Nanfang hospital and separated into a training cohort (n = 104) and test cohort (n = 46). A total of 348 radiomic features were extracted from the delay phase of CT images. Mann–Whitney U test, recursive feature elimination, and backward elimination were used to select key radiomic features. Ridge logistics regression was used to build a radiomic model for prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) status by combining radiomic and clinical features. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and κ test were applied to verify the model.

Results:
Two radiomic features from delay phase CT images and one clinical feature were associated with LNM status: log-sigma-2–0 mm-3D_glcm_Idn (p = 0.01937), wavelet-HL_firstorder_Median (p = 0.03592), and Stage IB (p = 0.03608). Radiomic model was built consisting of the three features, and the AUCs were 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.70 ~ 0.90) and 0.75 (95% confidence intervalI: 0.53 ~ 0.93) in training and test cohorts, respectively. The κ coefficient was 0.84, showing excellent consistency.

Conclusion:
A non-invasive radiomic model, combining two radiomic features and a International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, was built for prediction of LNM status in early cervical carcinoma. This model could serve as a pre-operative tool.

Advances in knowledge:
A noninvasive CT radiomic model, combining two radiomic features and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, was built for prediction of LNM status in early cervical carcinoma.
Serum levels of tau protein increase according to the severity of the injury in DAI rat model
Authors: Tomita Keisuke , Nakada Taka-aki , Oshima Taku , Kawaguchi Rui , Oda Shigeto 
Published: January 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the form of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to diagnose in the early phase of the injury. Early diagnosis of DAI may provide opportunity for developing treatment and management strategies. Tau protein has been demonstrated to increase in the early phase of TBI with high diagnostic accuracy in patients with DAI. We tested the biological plausibility of tau protein using a rat DAI model by evaluating the association between serum tau levels and the severity of brain injury. DAI was induced in animals using the Marmarou model. After a survival of 60 minutes, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed after obtaining blood samples (5ml) from the heart. Eighteen rats were employed in the present study and were randomly subjected to sham-operated control (n=4), mild DAI (n=7), and severe DAI (n=7). Of seven severe DAI rats, two rats that had focal injury caused by skull fracture were excluded in the measurement of tau protein level. The serum levels of tau protein in the rat DAI model were found to increase significantly and consistently according to the severity of the injury. Rats with DAI showed significantly higher serum levels of tau protein compared to sham rats; the severe DAI rats had higher levels of tau than moderate DAI and sham rats (sham vs. mild, P=0.02; mild vs. severe, P=0.02). In conclusion, serum tau protein levels may be useful as a biomarker for diagnosing and estimating the severity of DAI in the early phase.
Ekstraksi Fitur Pengenalan Emosi Berdasarkan Ucapan Menggunakan Linear Predictor Ceptral Coeffecient Dan Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients
Authors: Helmiyah Siti , Riadi Imam , Umar Rusydi , Hanif Abdullah 
Published: January 2020

Ucapan suara memiliki informasi penting yang dapat diterima oleh otak melalui gelombang suara. Otak menerima gelombang suara melalui alat pendengaran dan menghasilkan suatu informasi berupa pesan, bahasa, dan emosi. Pengenalan emosi wicara merupakan teknologi yang dirancang untuk mengidentifikasi keadaan emosi seseorang dari sinyal ucapannya. Hal tersebut menarik untuk diteliti, karena berkaitan dengan teknologi zaman sekarang yaitu pada penggunaan smartphone di berbagai macam aktivitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini membandingkan ekstraksi fitur Metode LPC dan Metode MFCC. Kedua metode ekstraksi tersebut diklasifikasi menggunakan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (MLP) untuk pengenalan emosi. Masing-masing metode menggunakan data emosi marah, bosan, bahagia, netral, dan sedih. Data dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu data testing dan data data training dengan perbandingan 80:20. Arsitektur jaringan yang digunakan adalah tiga lapisan yaitu lapisan input, lapisan tersembunyi, dan lapisan output. Parameter MLP yang digunakan learning rate = 0.0001, epsilon = 1e-08, epoch = 500, dan Cross Validation = 5.Â Hasil akurasi pengenalan emosi dengan ekstraksi fitur LPC sebesar adalah 28%. Sedangkan hasil akurasi dengan ekstraksi fitur MFCC sebesar 61,33%. Hasil akurasi ini bisa ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan data yang lebih banyak lagi, terutama untuk data testing. Perlunya pengujian pada nilai parameter jaringan MLP, yaitu dengan mengubah nilai-nilai parameter, karena dapat mempengaruhi tingkat akurasi pengenalan. Selain itu penentuan ekstraksi fitur dan klasifikasi metode yang lain juga dapat digunakan untuk mencari nilai akurasi pengenalan emosi yang lebih baik lagi.
Teletrabajo: Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo en Colombia
Authors: Valero-Pacheco Ivonne Constanza , Riaño-Casallas Martha I. 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Presentar las prácticas usadas por las empresas en la implementación del sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud cuando tienen teletrabajadores y plantear la adecuación de los elementos del sistema al teletrabajo.
Métodos: La población de estudio está formada por empresas del sector servicios y sus teletrabajadores en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para establecer las prácticas utilizadas por las empresas se empleó una encuesta para los teletrabajadores y entrevista a los responsables seguridad y salud en el trabajo. La propuesta de adecuación de los elementos del sistema de gestión al teletrabajo se realizó a partir del análisis e integración del marco teórico y conceptual con las prácticas de las empresas con teletrabajadores.
Resultados: Se estableció que las empresas continúan con las estrategias habituales de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, sin diferenciar la naturaleza del trabajo. De la síntesis entre lo teórico y conceptual con el diagnóstico de la gestión de los riesgos en las empresas, se identificó que los componentes del sistema susceptibles de ser modificados al teletrabajo son la organización y planeación, la aplicación y por último la evaluación.
Conclusiones: Las prácticas habituales de las empresas con teletrabajadores para la gestión de los riesgos deben mejorar a través del ajuste de algunos de los componentes del sistema de gestión. Las principales adecuaciones para realizar implican la gestión de la información e innovación de tecnología aplicadas a la organización y planeación, aplicación y evaluación del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo.