bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends and mortality of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the United States: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Mutneja Hemant Raj , Vohra Ishaan , Go Andrew , Bhurwal Abhishek , Katiyar Vatsala , Palomera Tejeda Emmanuel , Thapa Chhetri Kapil , Baig Muhammad Arslan , Arora Shilpa , Attar Bashar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common and most serious complication of ERCP. Our aim was to estimate the nationwide incidence, temporal trends, and mortality of PEP in the United States and to establish risk factors associated with PEP development.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2011 to 2017 using International Classification of Diseases codes. The primary outcomes were trends in PEP incidence and predictors of PEP development. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and admission to the intensive care unit.
Results Of 1 222 467 adult patients who underwent inpatient ERCP during the study period, 55 225 (4.5 %) developed PEP. The hospital admission rate of PEP increased by 15.3 %, from 7735 in 2011 to 8920 in 2017 (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04 – 1.46; P = 0.02). The overall rate of mortality increased from 2.8 % of PEP cases in 2011 to 4.4 % in 2017 (OR 1.62, 95 %CI 1.10 – 2.38; P = 0.01). Multiple patient-related (alcohol use, cocaine use, obesity, chronic kidney disease, heart failure), procedure-related (therapeutic ERCP, sphincterotomy, pancreatic duct stent placement, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction), and hospital-related (teaching hospitals, hospitals located in the West and Midwest) factors that impact the occurrence of PEP were identified.
Conclusions Our study showed rising hospital admission and mortality rates associated with PEP in the United States. This calls for a greater recognition of this life-threatening complication and amelioration of its risk factors, whenever possible.
ERNICA Consensus Conference on the Management of Patients with Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: Perioperative, Surgical, and Long-Term Management
Authors: Dingemann Carmen , Eaton Simon , Aksnes Gunnar , Bagolan Pietro , Cross Kate M. , De Coppi Paolo , Fruithof JoAnne , Gamba Piergiorgio , Goldschmidt Imeke , Gottrand Frederic , Pirr Sabine , Rasmussen Lars , Sfeir Rony , Slater Graham , Suominen Janne , Svensson Jan F. , Thorup Joergen M. , Tytgat Stefaan H. A. J. , van der Zee David C , Wessel Lucas , Widenmann-Grolig Anke , Wijnen René , Zetterquist Wilhelm , Ure Benno M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Evidence supporting best practice for long-gap esophageal atresia is limited. The European Reference Network for Rare Inherited Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA) organized a consensus conference on the management of patients with long-gap esophageal atresia based on expert opinion referring to the latest literature aiming to provide clear and uniform statements in this respect.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four ERNICA representatives from nine European countries participated. The conference was prepared by item generation, item prioritization by online survey, formulation of a final list containing items on perioperative, surgical, and long-term management, and literature review. The 2-day conference was held in Berlin in November 2019. Anonymous voting was conducted via an internet-based system using a 1 to 9 scale. Consensus was defined as ≥75% of those voting scoring 6 to 9.
Results Ninety-seven items were generated. Complete consensus (100%) was achieved on 56 items (58%), e.g., avoidance of a cervical esophagostomy, promotion of sham feeding, details of delayed anastomosis, thoracoscopic pouch mobilization and placement of traction sutures as novel technique, replacement techniques, and follow-up. Consensus ≥75% was achieved on 90 items (93%), e.g., definition of long gap, routine pyloroplasty in gastric transposition, and avoidance of preoperative bougienage to enable delayed anastomosis. Nineteen items (20%), e.g., methods of gap measurement were discussed controversially (range 1–9).
Conclusion This is the first consensus conference on the perioperative, surgical, and long-term management of patients with long-gap esophageal atresia. Substantial statements regarding esophageal reconstruction or replacement and follow-up were formulated which may contribute to improve patient care.
Robotic Excision of Choledochal Cyst with Hepaticoduodenostomy (HD): Report of HD Technique, Initial Experience, and Early Outcome
Authors: Nazki Saalim , Kanojia Ravi Prakash , Bawa Monika , Binu Vineet , Lal Sadhna , Sood Ashwani , Samujh Ram 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Minimal access surgical approach to choledochal cyst (CC) is becoming a standard of care in pediatric age group. Robotic-assisted excision of CC is increasingly being practiced at centers which have access to the system. We present our experience and technique of hepaticoduodenostomy (HD). Over all initial experience, short-term outcomes and complications are also presented and discussed.
Materials and Methods Patients with CC and undergoing robotic excision were retrospectively studied. Patients with active cholangitis, liver dysfunction, and perforated CC were excluded for robotic procedures. All included patients were preoperatively evaluated as per the defined protocol. They underwent excision of CC with HD. The duodenal anastomosis was done after limited mobilization and emphasis was laid on anastomosing the distal D2 part to the common hepatic duct. This prevents bile reflux into stomach. The follow-up evaluation was done for these patients. Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan for duodenogastric reflux (DGR) was done only if patients reported symptoms related to it.
Results A total of 19 patients (10 females) were studied. The mean age was 84 months. Type 1b was present in 12 patients and the rest were type IVb. Complete cyst excision with HD was done in all patients except conversion to open in one patient. The mean surgical time was 170 ± 40 minutes with console time of 140 ± 20 minutes. Median follow-up duration is 2.5 years (range: 3.5–0.5 years). HIDA scan was done in five patients who had reported epigastric pain. Of these five, one patient had a positive DGR. He is on conservative management.
Conclusion Robot-assisted CC excision with HD is feasible as proven by the outcome of 19 patients presented in this series. HD is to be done away from pylorus in distal part of down curving D2. This particular step prevents DGR and is the most important point of technique in doing HD. The presented series is the first report of robotic excision of CC with HD. The robot is a facilitator for complex and difficult operations as CC excision and HD.
Ethical, Social, and Economic Challenges in Managing a Child with Dravet Syndrome in a Developing Country
Authors: Gulati Sheffali , Sinha Rahul , Madaan Priyanka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with a significant impact on sociocultural and economic aspects. The management of epilepsy in low-middle income countries (LMICs) is influenced by many factors such as disease burden, poverty, educational status, the reflection of the disease as a social stigma, diverse religious beliefs, and treatment expense. Despite the improvement in educational and social parameters, the stigmatization of the disease is still evident in many LMICs. The associated comorbidities and neurodevelopmental disorders further add to the cost and stigmatization. The pediatric neurologists/epileptologists in LMICs are encountered by distinctive ethical, social, and economic dilemmas during the patient care and management of epilepsy. This article discusses the various ethical dilemmas in a child with Dravet syndrome in a developing country.
Machine learning classification can reduce false positives in structure-based virtual screening
Authors: Adeshina Yusuf O. , Deeds Eric J. , Karanicolas John 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceMany potential drug targets have been identified, but development of chemical probes to validate these targets has lagged behind. Computational screening holds promise for providing chemical tools to do so but has long been plagued by high false-positive rates: Many compounds ranked highly against a given target protein do not actually show activity. Machine learning approaches have not solved this problem, which we hypothesize is because models were not trained on sufficiently compelling “decoys.” By addressing this through a unique training strategy, we show that more effective virtual screening is attainable. We expect this insight to enable improved performance across diverse virtual screening pipelines, thus helping to provide chemical probes for new potential drug targets as they are discovered.
A cocrystal structure of dengue capsid protein in complex of inhibitor
Authors: Xia Hongjie , Xie Xuping , Zou Jing , Noble Christian G. , Russell William K. , Holthauzen Luis Marcelo F. , Choi Kyung H. , White Mark A. , Shi Pei-Yong 
Published: July 2020

Significance
DENV represents the most important mosquito-borne viral pathogen in humans. Although one dengue vaccine has been approved for clinical use, its efficacies against serotypes 1 and 2 remain to be improved. No effective anti-DENV therapy is available for patient treatment. In this study, we solved the cocrystal structure of the DENV-2 capsid protein in complex with an inhibitor that preferentially inhibits serotype 2 (not the other three serotypes) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the compound is incorporated into virions by inducing capsid tetramerization. Such inhibitor-containing virions are defective in nucleocapsid uncoating when infecting new cells. Our results have also uncovered the resistance mechanism and provided a high-resolution structure for rational design of capsid inhibitors with pan-serotype DENV activity.
Lorentzian Snyder spacetimes and their Galilei and Carroll limits from projective geometry
Authors: Ballesteros Angel , Gubitosi Giulia , Herranz Francisco J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We show that the Lorentzian Snyder models, together with their Galilei and Carroll limiting cases, can be rigorously constructed through the projective geometry description of Lorentzian, Galilean and Carrollian spaces with nonvanishing constant curvature. The projective coordinates of such curved spaces take the role of momenta, while translation generators over the same spaces are identified with noncommutative spacetime coordinates. In this way, one obtains a deformed phase space algebra, which fully characterizes the Snyder model and is invariant under boosts and rotations of the relevant kinematical symmetries. While the momentum space of the Lorentzian Snyder models is given by certain projective coordinates on (anti-)de Sitter spaces, we discover that the momentum space of the Galilean (Carrollian) Snyder models is given by certain projective coordinates on curved Carroll (Newton–Hooke) spaces. This exchange between the Galilei and Carroll limits emerging in the transition from the geometric picture to the phase space picture is traced back to an interchange of the role of coordinates and translation operators. As a physically relevant feature, we find that in Galilean Snyder spacetimes the time coordinate does not commute with space coordinates, in contrast with previous proposals for non-relativistic Snyder models, which assume that time and space decouple in the non-relativistic limit c → ∞. This remnant mixing between space and time in the non-relativistic limit is a quite general Planck-scale effect found in several quantum spacetime models.
Rydberg–Stark deceleration and trapping of helium in magnetic fields
Authors: Žeško Matija , Tkáč Ondřej , Agner Josef A , Schmutz Hansjürg , Merkt Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Triplet (S = 1) He Rydberg atoms in supersonic beams with an initial velocity of 350 m s−1 have been decelerated to zero velocity and loaded into an off-axis electric trap in the presence and absence of magnetic fields. Comparing the deceleration efficiencies and the radiative decay of the population of trapped He Rydberg atoms to the (1s)1(2s)1
3S1 metastable level in the two sets of deceleration and trapping experiments revealed that the effects of magnetic fields up to 30 mT are negligible provided that a background dc electric field is maintained in the decelerator. A magnetic quadrupole trap of 30 mT depth corresponds to a He temperature of about 40 mK. The results thus represent an important step towards achieving high densities of cold paramagnetic samples following successive cycles of Rydberg–Stark deceleration, trapping, and radiative decay in overlaid electric and magnetic traps.
Theoretical model and analysis of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with nonlinear damping and stiffness based on 3D MEMS coils
Authors: Tao Zhi , Wu Hanxiao , Li Haiwang , Li Hanqing , Xu Tiantong , Sun Jiamian , Wang Wenbin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (VEH) that uses complementary metal-oxide-semiconductorcompatible 3D micro-electromechanical system coils and a ferromagnetic core to improve efficiency and output power. A systematic model is proposed to describe the nonlinear electromagnetic damping coefficient and nonlinear attraction between the magnet and the ferromagnetic core. The nonlinear model agrees well with the finite element calculation results. Then, a vibration model is established by considering nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficient to obtain the dynamic characteristics and output performance of the system. Furthermore, a numerical method is conducted to systematically investigate the influence of air gap and initial magnet offset under different excitation amplitudes. The simulation results indicate that with a smaller air gap, the output power is higher. Moreover, there is an optimal initial magnet offset in relation to the air gap to maximise the output power of the system. These conclusions and analysis models can be generalised and can be used as a guidance for the designs of similar structural devices. The results also show that the structure proposed in this study can significantly enhance the energy harvesting performance compared with published data of conventional VEHs.
Dynamics of the relativistic electron spin in an electromagnetic field
Authors: Mondal Ritwik , Oppeneer Peter M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A relativistic spin operator cannot be uniquely defined within relativistic quantum mechanics. Previously, different proper relativistic spin operators have been proposed, such as spin operators of the Foldy–Wouthuysen and Pryce type, that both commute with the free-particle Dirac Hamiltonian and represent constants of motion. Here we consider the dynamics of a relativistic electron spin in an external electromagnetic field. We use two different Hamiltonians to derive the corresponding spin dynamics. These two are: (a) the Dirac Hamiltonian in the presence of an external field, and (b) the semirelativistic expansion of the same. Considering the Foldy–Wouthuysen and Pryce spin operators we show that these lead to different spin dynamics in an external electromagnetic field, which offers possibilities to distinguish their action. We find that the dynamics of both spin operators involve spin-dependent and spin-independent terms, however, the Foldy–Wouthuysen spin dynamics additionally accounts for the relativistic particle-antiparticle coupling. We conclude that the Pryce spin operator provides a suitable description of the relativistic spin dynamics in a weak-to-intermediate external field, whereas the Foldy–Wouthuysen spin operator is more suitable in the strong field regime.
Stable and high-performance piezoelectric sensor via CVD grown WS2
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Eunho , Mehta Gayatri , Choi Wonbong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely used as electromechanical couples for a variety of sensors and actuators in nanoscale electronic devices. The majority of piezoelectric devices display lateral patterning of counter electrodes beside active materials such as two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs). As a result, their piezoelectric output response is strongly dependent on the lattice orientation of the 2D TMD crystal structure, limiting their piezoelectric properties. To overcome this issue, we fabricated a vertical sandwich design of a piezoelectric sensor with a conformal contact to enhance the overall piezoelectric performance. In addition, we enhanced the piezoelectric properties of 2D WS2 by carrying out a unique solvent-vapor annealing process to produce a sulfur-deficient WS2(1-x) structure that yielded a 3-fold higher piezoelectric response voltage (96.74 mV) than did pristine WS2 to a 3 kPa compression. Our device was also found to be stable: it retained its piezoelectric performance even after a month in an ambient atmospheric condition. Our study has revealed a facile methodology for fabricating large-scale piezoelectric devices using an asymmetrically engineered 2D WS2 structure.
An inclined beam at rest on a ball or cylinder
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A well known physics problem is to calculate the friction forces required to support a ladder
against a wall. A more tractable problem is to calculate the friction forces needed to support
an inclined beam on a ball or a cylinder. In the latter case there are three rather than two
points of sliding support. Measurements and calculations are presented to show that a ball can
support an inclined beam without slipping, provided the incline angle is not too large.
Scaling laws for direct laser acceleration in a radiation-reaction dominated regime
Authors: Jirka M , Vranic M , Grismayer T , Silva L O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study electron acceleration within a sub-critical plasma channel irradiated by an ultra-intense laser pulse (a
0 > 100 or I > 1022 W cm−2). In this regime, radiation reaction significantly alters the electron dynamics. This has an effect not only on the maximum attainable electron energy but also on the phase-matching process between betatron motion and electron oscillations in the laser field. Our study encompasses analytical description, test-particle calculations and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We show single-stage electron acceleration to multi-GeV energies within a 0.5 mm-long channel and provide guidelines how to obtain energies beyond 10 GeV using optimal initial configurations. We present the required conditions in a form of explicit analytical scaling laws that can be applied to plan the future electron acceleration experiments.
Using Deep Learning in Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Experiments
Authors: Kalashev Oleg 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The extremely low flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) makes their direct observation by orbital experiments practically impossible. For this reason all current and planned UHECR experiments detect cosmic rays indirectly by observing the extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. Various types of shower observables are analyzed in the modern UHECR experiments including a secondary radio signal and fluorescent light from the excited nitrogen molecules. Most of the data is collected by the network of surface stations which allows to measure the lateral EAS profile. The raw observables in this case are the time-resolved signals for the set of adjacent triggered stations. The Monte Carlo shower simulation is performed in order to recover the primary particle properties. In traditional techniques the MC simulation is used to fit some synthetic observables such as the shower rise time, the shower front curvature and the particle density normalized to a given distance from the core. In this talk we’ll consider an alternative approach based on the deep convolutional neural network trained on a large Monte-Carlo dataset, using the detector signal time series as an input. The above approach has proven its efficiency with the Monte-Carlo simulations of the Telescope Array Observatory surface detector. We’ll discuss in detail how the network architecture is optimized for this particular task.
The FELIX detector interface for the ATLAS TDAQ upgrades and its deployment in the ITk demonstrator setup
Authors: Solans Sanchez C.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ATLAS experiment at the LHC at CERN will move to use the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system in a staged approach for LHC Run 3 (2021) and LHC Run 4 (2026). FELIX will act as the interface between the data acquisition; detector control and TTC (Timing, Trigger and Control) systems; and new or updated trigger and detector front-end electronics. FELIX functions as a router between custom serial links from front end ASICs and FPGAs to data collection and processing components via a commodity switched network. Links may aggregate many slower links or be a single high bandwidth link. FELIX also forwards the LHC bunch-crossing clock, fixed latency trigger accepts and resets received from the TTC system to front-end electronics. The FELIX system uses commodity server technology in combination with FPGA-based PCIe I/O cards. The FELIX servers run a software routing platform serving data to network clients. Commodity servers connected to FELIX systems via the same network run innovative multi-threaded software for event fragment building, processing, buffering and forwarding. This proceeding will describe the design and status of the FELIX based readout for the Run 3 upgrade, during which a subset of the detector will be migrated. It will also show how the same concept has been successfully introduced into the demonstrator test bench of the ATLAS Pixel Inner Tracker, acting as a proof of concept towards the longer term Run 4 upgrade in which all detectors will adopt a FELIX based readout.
Tracking performance for long-lived particles at LHCb
Authors: Miguel Garcia Luis , Henry Louis , Kishor Brij , Oyanguren Arantza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The LHCb experiment is dedicated to the study of the c- and b-hadron decays, including long-lived particles such as Ks
and strange baryons

(

Λ
0

,

Ξ
−

,

…
)

. These kind of particles are difficult to reconstruct by the LHCb tracking system since they escape detection in the first tracker. A new method to evaluate the performance of the different tracking algorithms for long-lived particles using real data samples has been developed. Special emphasis is laid on particles hitting only part of the tracking system of the new LHCb upgrade detector.