bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Rectal Polyposis Development in a Patient With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Abrams Hannah R. , Lee Michelle , Dahdal Sami , Khalaf Natalia 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a well-described genetic condition that results in the development of multiple benign and malignant lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The development of colorectal cancer is nearly universal in classic FAP, and total proctocolectomy after polyp development is recommended. We present a patient with FAP who was unable to undergo proctectomy. Despite careful removal of all rectal polyps before subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, he developed 12 rectal polyps, including 4 advanced neoplastic lesions, within 73 days after initial endoscopic removal. This case highlights the rapid regrowth rate of colorectal adenomas in FAP.
The positive and negative effects of using transdermal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: chemoreactome analysis
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Grishina T. R. , Semenov V. A. 
Published: October 2020

Transdermal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are actively used for mild and moderate pain syndrome, muscle contusions and sprains, sports injuries, and the widest range of musculoskeletal diseases. The transdermal administration of NSAIDs aims to create sufficiently high drug concentrations in the lesion focus, provided that the side effects associated with its systemic action are maximally reduced.Objective: to comparatively simulate the effects of transdermal NSAIDs.Material and methods. Chemoreactome profiling of six NSAIDs (meloxicam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, nimesulide, and dexketoprofen) was performed. The pharmacological capabilities of molecules were analyzed within the framework of a chemoreactome methodology, by comparing the chemical structure of the studied molecule with those of millions of other molecules, the pharmacological properties of which had already been studied in experimental and clinical studies. Training the artificial intelligence algorithms based on the big data available in in the databases PubChem/PHARMGKB, HMDB, STRING, and others was done with multi-level training quality control in the cross validation framework according to the combinatorial theory of solvability and the theory of feature value classification.Results and discussion. Meloxicam versus other NSAIDs accumulates primarily in the muscles and skin and, to a much lesser extent, in heart tissues, lymphocytes, gonads, and cartilage. This drug showed the greatest dose-dependent decongestant effect in the model of edema induced by croton oil. Analysis of the systemic effects of NSAIDs indicated that meloxicam might affect the metabolism of vitamins A, D, PP, and B6 to a lesser extent than other NSAIDs.Conclusion. The chemoreactomе analysis has demonstrated that meloxicam as a gel causing minimal side effects can be used effectively and long.
Chemotranscriptome analysis of the ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate molecule in the context of postgenomic pharmacology
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Sorokin A. I. , Semenov V. A. , Stakhovskaya L. V. 
Published: October 2020

Postgenomic pharmacology deals with the desirable and undesirable effects of drugs in relation to the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and reactome. The transcriptomic activity of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) has not been previously characterized.Objective: to investigate the dose-dependent effects of EMHPS on the transcription of 12,700 annotated human genes in the neural progenitor cells (NPC.TAK cell line).Material and methods. The paper presents the results of chemotranscriptome analysis of the EMHPS molecule from the point of view of its impact on transcription of the human genome in the NPC.TAK line cells during 24-hour incubation of cells with EMHPS.Results and discussion. The significant dose-dependent effects of EMHPS on transcription (on average, ≥10% transcription changes for each 1 μmol/L of EMHPS) were evaluated for 2,400 of the 12,700 annotated human genes. EMHPS reduced the transcription of groups of the genes that were involved in cell division (n = 226), those in gene expression processes (n = 122), and those in protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion (n = 123). EMHPS increased the transcription of the genes encoding proteins involved in neurotransmission (n = 103) and those in exerting neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects (n = 49).Conclusion. The efficacy of EMHPS may be related to its effect on the transcription of the genes that are involved in neurotransmission and in the showing of neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects.
The quality of prior antithrombotic therapy and the severity of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Geraskina L. A. , Alieva M. M. , Fonyakin A. V. , Maksimova M. Yu. , Garabova N. I. , Burzhunova M. G. 
Published: October 2020

The severity of neurological disorders in ischemic stroke (IS) in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be higher than that in patients with sinus rhythm. The impact of preventive antithrombotic therapy (ATT) on the clinical manifestations and outcomes of stroke remains a matter of debate.Objective: to analyze the quality of preventive ATT and to clarify its relationship to the severity of IS in AF.Patients and methods. The data from the registry of patients (n = 200; 96 (48%) men) (mean age, 71±9 years) with IS and AF were analyzed. Neurological deficit at admission was graded using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The presence and nature of prestroke antithrombotic therapy were studied.Results and discussion. Prestroke ATT was performed in 80 (40%) patients, of whom 36 (18%) took antiplatelet agents (APAs). Oral anticoagulants (OACs) were given to 44 patients. The international normalized ratio (INR) in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) averaged 1.26 [1.11; 1.64]. Neurological deficit was most obvious in the patients who had not previously received ATT (a NIHSS score of 8 [5; 12]). In comparison with them, the regular use of ATT, including APAs and OACs, was associated with the greater likelihood of less severe neurological deficit (a NIHSS of <8): odds ratio (OR), 2.121; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.178–3.820. The greatest decrease in stroke severity was related to direct (OACs) (DOACs): OR, 2.727 (95% CI, 1.049–7.089), while there was no positive effect of VKAs (OR, 1.534; 95% CI, 0.538–4.377), which was associated with failure to achieve the INR target. Improvement was also related to the prescription of APAs (OR, 2.111; 95% CI, 0.981–4.539).Conclusion. Preventive ATT for a significant proportion of AF patients does not meet the current recommendations. At the same time, ATT, especially that with DOACs, is associated with the lesser severity of IS.
A brief introduction to the basics of NMR spectroscopy and selected examples of its applications to materials characterization
Authors: Tampieri Alberto , Szabó Márk , Medina Francesc , Gulyás Henrik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that gives information on the local magnetic field around atomic nuclei. Since the local magnetic field of the nucleus is directly influenced by such features of the molecular structure as constitution, configuration, conformation, intermolecular interactions, etc., NMR can provide exhaustive information on the chemical structure, which is unrivaled by any other analytical method. Starting from the 1950s, NMR spectroscopy first revolutionized organic chemistry and became an indispensable tool for the structure elucidation of small, soluble molecules. As the technique evolved, NMR rapidly conquered other disciplines of chemical sciences. When the analysis of macromolecules and solids also became feasible, the technique turned into a staple in materials characterization, too. All aspects of NMR spectroscopy, including technical and technological development, as well as its applications in natural sciences, have been growing exponentially since its birth. Hence, it would be impossible to cover, or even touch on, all topics of importance related to this versatile analytical tool. In this tutorial, we aim to introduce the reader to the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy, instrumentation, historical development and currently available brands, practical cost aspects, sample preparation, and spectrum interpretation. We show a number of advanced techniques relevant to materials characterization. Through a limited number of examples from different fields of materials science, we illustrate the immense scope of the technique in the analysis of materials. Beyond our inherently limited introduction, an ample list of references should help the reader to navigate further in the field of NMR spectroscopy.
Regulation of Olfactory Associative Memory by the Circadian Clock Output Signal Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF)
Authors: Flyer-Adams Johanna G. , Rivera-Rodriguez Emmanuel J. , Yu Junwei , Mardovin Jacob D. , Reed Martha L. , Griffith Leslie C. 
Published: October 2020

Dissociation between the output of the circadian clock and external environmental cues is a major cause of human cognitive dysfunction. While the effects of ablation of the molecular clock on memory have been studied in many systems, little has been done to test the role of specific clock circuit output signals. To address this gap, we examined the effects of mutations ofPigment-dispersing factor(Pdf) and its receptor,Pdfr, on associative memory in male and femaleDrosophila. Loss of PDF signaling significantly decreases the ability to form associative memory. Appetitive short-term memory (STM), which in wild-type (WT) is time-of-day (TOD) independent, is decreased across the day by mutation ofPdforPdfr, but more substantially in the morning than in the evening. This defect is because of PDFR expression in adult neurons outside the core clock circuit and the mushroom body (MB) Kenyon cells (KCs). The acquisition of a TOD difference in mutants implies the existence of multiple oscillators that act to normalize memory formation across the day for appetitive processes. Interestingly, aversive STM requires PDF but not PDFR, suggesting that there are valence-specific pathways downstream of PDF that regulate memory formation. These data argue that the circadian clock uses circuit-specific and molecularly diverse output pathways to enhance the ability of animals to optimize responses to changing conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrom humans to invertebrates, cognitive processes are influenced by organisms' internal circadian clocks, the pace of which is linked to the solar cycle. Disruption of this link is increasingly common (e.g., jetlag, social jetlag disorders) and causes cognitive impairments that are costly and long lasting. A detailed understanding of how the internal clock regulates cognition is critical for the development of therapeutic methods. Here, we show for the first time that olfactory associative memory inDrosophilarequires signaling by Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), a neuromodulatory signaling peptide produced only by circadian clock circuit neurons. We also find a novel role for the clock circuit in stabilizing appetitive sucrose/odor memory across the day.
Ferroptosis Mediates Cuprizone-Induced Loss of Oligodendrocytes and Demyelination
Authors: Jhelum Priya , Santos-Nogueira Eva , Teo Wulin , Haumont Alice , Lenoël Isadora , Stys Peter K. , David Samuel 
Published: October 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS. Cuprizone (CZ), a copper chelator, is widely used to study demyelination and remyelination in the CNS, in the context of MS. However, the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte (OL) cell loss and demyelination are not known. As copper-containing enzymes play important roles in iron homeostasis and controlling oxidative stress, we examined whether chelating copper leads to disruption of molecules involved in iron homeostasis that can trigger iron-mediated OL loss. We show that giving mice (male) CZ in the diet induces rapid loss of OL in the corpus callosum by 2 d, accompanied by expression of several markers for ferroptosis, a relatively newly described form of iron-mediated cell death. In ferroptosis, iron-mediated free radicals trigger lipid peroxidation under conditions of glutathione insufficiency, and a reduced capacity to repair lipid damage. This was further confirmed using a small-molecule inhibitor of ferroptosis that prevents CZ-induced loss of OL and demyelination, providing clear evidence of a copper-iron connection in CZ-induced neurotoxicity. This work has wider implications for disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and CNS injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCuprizone (CZ) is a copper chelator that induces demyelination. Although it is a widely used model to study demyelination and remyelination in the context of multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms mediating demyelination is not fully understood. This study shows, for the first time, that CZ induces demyelination via ferroptosis-mediated rapid loss of oligodendrocytes. This work shows that chelating copper with CZ leads to the expression of molecules that rapidly mobilize iron from ferritin (an iron storage protein), that triggers iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oligodendrocyte loss (via ferroptosis). Such rapid mobilization of iron from cellular stores may also play a role in cell death in other neurologic conditions.
Child Social Media Influencers and Unhealthy Food Product Placement
Authors: Alruwaily Amaal , Mangold Chelsea , Greene Tenay , Arshonsky Josh , Cassidy Omni , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Bragg Marie 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to determine the frequency with which kid influencers promote branded and unbranded food and drinks during their YouTube videos and assess the nutritional quality of food and drinks shown.

METHODS:
Researchers used Socialbakers data to identify the 5 most-watched kid influencers (ages 3 to 14 years) on YouTube in 2019. We searched for 50 of their most-watched videos and 50 of their videos that featured food and/or drinks on the thumbnail image of the video. We coded whether kid influencers consumed or played with food or toys, quantified the number of minutes food and/or drinks appeared, and recorded names of branded food and/or drinks. We assessed the nutritional quality of foods using the Nutrient Profile Model and identified the number of drinks with added sugar.

RESULTS:
A sample of 418 YouTube videos met the search criteria, and 179 of those videos featured food and/or drinks. Food and/or drinks were featured in those videos 291 times. Kid influencers’ YouTube videos were collectively viewed &gt;48 billion times, and videos featuring food and/or drinks were viewed 1 billion times. Most food and/or drinks were unhealthy branded items (n = 263; 90.34%; eg, McDonald’s), followed by unhealthy unbranded items (n = 12; 4.1%; eg, hot dogs), healthy unbranded items (n = 9; 3.1%; eg, fruit), and healthy branded items (n = 7; 2.4%; eg, Yoplait yogurt).

CONCLUSIONS:
Kid influencers generate millions of impressions for unhealthy food and drink brands through product placement. The Federal Trade Commission should strengthen regulations regarding product placement on YouTube videos featuring young children.
The Emergence of New Religious Movement and Threats to Social Harmony in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Basyir Kunawi , Ja’far Suhermanto 
Published: October 2020

In the post-reformation era, a new situation of religious life has challenged the Indonesian people at large. Several conflicts arose in many areas to dispute socio-religious harmony. Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, is not an exception. In this area, the conflict occurs along with the presence of new religious groups within society. Through a phenomenological approach, this research deals with some religious groups, such as Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII), Gafatar, Ahmadiyah, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), and Khilafatul Muslimin in Kupang. These groups have grown significantly under social and state control which keep an eye on them, especially for every political goal concealed behind the movement. They are perceived as a threat to the existence of the government and the state.
[Indonesia pasca-Reformasi melahirkan situasi baru dalam kehidupan keagamaan. Keharmonisan yang selama ini dibanggakan mendapat ujian oleh berbagai konflik sosial bermotif agama. Konflik keagamaan muncul di berbagai wilayah, termasuk di Kupang, NTT. Konflik ini beriringan dengan munculnya berbagai kelompok aliran keagamaan baru yang selama ini tidak ada di masyarakat. Melalui studi dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan metode observasi partisipan, ditemukan bahwa terdapat beberapa aliran paham keagamaan seperti Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII), Gafatar, Ahmadiyah, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), dan Khilafatul Muslimin. Aliran-aliran keagamaan tersebut tidak memiliki akselerasi perkembangan yang signifikan. Masyarakat bersama aparat selalu mengawal, mengawasi serta mendampingi kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan yang dipandang akan membuat risau ketenteraman sosial. Sekalipun demikian, kelompok-kelompok ini memiliki potensi negatif ke depan karena sebagiannya tidak semata-mata organisasi dengan misi dakwah, tapi juga misi politik yang bertentangan dengan NKRI.]
Osprey observed when drowned by its prey
Authors: Husby Magne 
Published: October 2020

An Osprey Pandion haliaetus was observed by eight people as it was dragged under water by a fish and drowned. Several unsuccessful attempts to leave the water surface caused the Osprey gradually to sink in the water until it disappeared. The area was searched by boat, but the fish and Osprey were gone, and it was confirmed that there were no fishing nets in the area. This is a rare event, and sometimes rejected by scientists. The good view by eight persons, and detailed descriptions I received from two independent observers make the observation credible. The Osprey was an adult bird. In addition to traditional explanations that claws can become fastened to scales, bones or flesh of the fish, I propose that muscle spasm may be a reason why the osprey was not able to release its grip.

Cover illustration: Fishing Osprey. Photo: Jørn Bøhmer Olsen.
The Impact of Physical Education Learning on Healthy Life Style Knowledge of Elementary School Students
Authors: Friskawati Gita Febria , Santosa Agus , Sanjaya Reza 
Published: October 2020

Healthy lifestyle knowledge becomes a foundation that should be owned by elementary school students to improve their life wellbeing level in the future. This research aimed to find out the impact of Physical Education learning on the healthy life style knowledge of elementary school students. The research used an ex-post facto descriptive method on the population consisting of 112 grade six students of elementary public schools in Cimahi City. The samples of the study were 78 elementary students chosen through a convenience sampling technique. The instrument used was The Clean and Healthy Behavior Scale (TCHBS) with the reliability p=0.87. The data analysis used a descriptive percentage and one sample t-test on the SPSS 19.0 program. The result shows that the Physical Education instruction significantly affects the healthy life style knowledge of elementary school students, mostly on the student knowledge of dietary habit and physical activity. The healthy lifestyle knowledge of elementary school students was not merely the responsibility of Physical Education teachers, but also their parents and surroundings. A further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of Physical Education program related to the school support and gender in improving knowledge as well as to implement the healthy lifestyle of the students.
Coagulopathy in COVID-19
Authors: Galstyan G. M. 
Published: October 2020

Hemostatic disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. The purpose of the research was a detailed consideration of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and methods of diagnosing and treatment of coronavirus-induced coagulopathy (CIC). At the onset of COVID-19, hypercoagulability is detected, and consumption coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome are usually observed at later stages of the disease. In the pathogenesis of hypercoagulation in patients with COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines, hyperfibrinogenemia, increased blood levels of von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, neutrophilic extracellular traps, platelet activation, production of antiphospholipid antibodies, microvesicles are of importance. Laboratory findings show increased plasma concentrations of D-dimer, fibrinogen, a longer prothrombin time and a decrease in the number of platelets. The cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications ranges from 21 to 31%. Thrombosis risk factors are intensive care unit stay, leukocytosis, and a high plasma D-dimer concentration. Differential diagnosing of CIC should be carried out with disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, antiphospholipid, hemophagocytic syndromes, thrombotic microangiopathy, and heparin-induced thromocytopenia. CIC may be complicated by sepsis, antiphospholipid syndrome, hemophagocytic syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.The main therapy is low molecular weight heparins treatment. Treatment recommendations are provided.
Rzeczywistość wiary w ujęciu świętego Jana Pawła II. Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Zarembski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2020

Wiara jest fundamentem życia człowieka wierzącego. Odgrywa w nim ogromną rolę. Podnosi ludzi wierzących na wyższy poziom osobowej egzystencji. Umożliwia człowiekowi pokonywanie trudności i przezwyciężanie kryzysów. Motywuje do dobrych działań i heroicznych czynów. Wiara porządkuje życie wokół wartości, otwiera człowieka na świat bliźniego i historię. Studiując nauczanie papieża św. Jana Pawła II odkrywamy, że temat wiary zajmuje w nim centralne miejsce. Setna rocznica urodzin Papieża Polaka stała się inspiracją dla autora niniejszego artykułu do sięgnięcia do nauczania tegoż Świętego Papieża. Zostały w nim przedstawione wybrane zagadnienia, pomagające zrozumieć bogactwo chrześcijańskiej wiary w życiu wierzącego człowieka. Prezentując rzeczywistość wiary, w pierwszej kolejności ukazano pojęcie i treść wiary chrześcijańskiej, następnie zapoznano z wybranymi cechami charakterystycznymi dla wiary w ujęciu św. Jana Pawła II, a także główne zagrożenia i trudności wiary, na jakie napotyka współczesny człowiek w jej przyjęciu i kształtowaniu.
Relacja osobowa narzędziem duszpasterstwa młodzieży na podstawie adhortacji apostolskiej Christus vivit papieża Franciszka
Authors: Chrupek Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

W obecnych czasach wciąż aktualnym wyzwaniem Kościoła jest troska o duszpasterstwo młodego pokolenia. Tę pilną potrzebę zauważył również papież Franciszek w adhortacji apostolskiej Christus vivit. Na podstawie tego dokumentu można opracować konkretną strategię duszpasterską w pracy z młodzieżą. W opinii papieża troska o młodych powinna wyrażać się w głębokich, osobowych relacjach zbudowanych na prawdziwym autorytecie. Istotnym czynnikiem w procesie formacji chrześcijańskiej jest rola odpowiedniego lidera oraz wspólnoty, która tworząc środowisko wiary, doprowadza do spotkania z Bogiem. Człowiek jest istotą relacyjną. Dlatego, dzięki relacjom z innymi osobami, można doprowadzić go do spotkania z Panem. Troska o młodych nie jest zadaniem zarezerwowanym dla jednostek, ale dla wszystkich środowisk, które wywierają wpływ na postawę młodych ludzi. Tylko dzięki zaangażowaniu wszystkich będzie możliwe trwałe i skuteczne duszpasterstwo młodzieży.