bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 Status Differentially Affects Olfaction: A Prospective Case‐Control Study
Authors: Rubel Kolin , Sharma Dhruv , Campiti Vincent , Yedlicka Grace , Burgin Sarah J. , Illing Elisa A. , Kroenke Kurt , Ting Jonathan Y. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe symptoms and long‐term sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have yet to be determined, and evaluating possible early signs is critical to determine which patients should be tested and treated. The objective of this ongoing study is to evaluate initial and short‐term rhinologic symptoms, olfactory ability, and general quality of life in patients undergoing SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.Study DesignProspective case‐control.SettingAcademic institute.MethodsAdult patients tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 were prospectively enrolled and separated into positive and negative groups. Each participant completed 4 validated patient‐reported outcome measures. The UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) was distributed to patients who were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive.ResultsThe positive group reported significantly decreased sense of smell and taste on the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) as compared with the negative group (mean ± SD: 3.4 ± 1.7 vs 1.2 ± 1.4, P <. 001). The positive group had a much higher probability of reporting a decrease in smell/taste as “severe” or “as bad as it can be” (63.3% vs 5.8%) with an odds ratio of 27.6 (95% CI, 5.9‐128.8). There were no differences between groups for overall SNOT‐22 domain scores, PHQ‐4 depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire−4), and 5‐Level EQ‐5D quality‐of‐life scores. Mean Self‐MOQ (Self‐reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire) scores were 7.0 ± 5.6 for the positive group and 1.8 ± 4.0 for the negative group (P <. 001). The mean UPSIT score was 28.8 ± 7.2 in the positive group.ConclusionSymptomatic patients who are SARS‐CoV‐2 positive report severe olfactory and gustatory dysfunction via the Self‐MOQ and SNOT‐22 as compared with symptomatic patients testing negative.
Design and rationale of two phase 3 randomised controlled trials (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2) of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory or unexplained chronic cough
Authors: Muccino David R. , Morice Alyn H. , Birring Surinder S. , Dicpinigaitis Peter V. , Pavord Ian D. , Assaid Christopher , Kleijn Huub Jan , Hussain Azher , La Rosa Carmen , McGarvey Lorcan , Smith Jaclyn A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWe present study designs, dose selection and preliminary patient characteristics from two phase 3 clinical trials of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory chronic cough (RCC) or unexplained chronic cough (UCC).MethodsCOUGH-1 (NCT03449134) and COUGH-2 (NCT03449147) are randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trials in subjects with RCC or UCC (age ≥18 years; cough duration ≥1 year; Cough Severity Visual Analogue Scale score ≥40 mm). The primary efficacy study periods are 12 weeks (40-week extension; COUGH-1) and 24 weeks (28-week extension; COUGH-2). Interventions include placebo, gefapixant 15 mg and gefapixant 45 mg (1:1:1 ratio). The primary efficacy endpoints are average 24-h cough frequency at Week 12 (COUGH-1) and Week 24 (COUGH-2). Awake cough frequency, patient-reported outcomes and responder analyses are secondary endpoints.ResultsThe doses of 45 mg (to provide maximal efficacy and acceptable tolerability) and 15 mg (to provide acceptable efficacy and improved tolerability) were selected based on phase 1 and 2 studies. In COUGH-1, 730 participants have been randomised and treated; 74% are female with mean age of 59 years (39% over 65 years), and mean baseline duration of cough of 11.5 years. In COUGH-2, 1314 participants have been randomised and treated; 75% are female with mean age of 58 years (33% over 65 years), and mean baseline duration of cough of 11.1 years.ConclusionsThese global studies include participants with baseline characteristics consistent with previous RCC and UCC studies and will inform the efficacy and safety profile of gefapixant in the treatment of patients with RCC and UCC.
Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and copeptin as indicators of disease severity and therapy response in CTEPH
Authors: Kriechbaum Steffen D. , Scherwitz Lillith , Wiedenroth Christoph B. , Rudolph Felix , Wolter Jan-Sebastian , Haas Moritz , Fischer-Rasokat Ulrich , Rolf Andreas , Hamm Christian W. , Mayer Eckhard , Guth Stefan , Keller Till , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Lankeit Mareike , Liebetrau Christoph 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) leads to right heart failure. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) or balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) restore pulmonary haemodynamics and allow cardiac recovery. This study examined the relationship of copeptin and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) levels to disease severity and therapy response.MethodsThis observational cohort study included 125 patients (55 PEA/70 BPA) who underwent treatment and completed a 6-/12-month follow-up. Biomarkers, measured at baseline, prior to every BPA and at follow-up, were compared to 1) severe disease at baseline (right atrial pressure (RAP) ≥8 mmHg and cardiac index ≤2.4 L·min−1·m−2) and 2) optimal therapy response (no persistent pulmonary hypertension combined with a normalised RAP (mean PAP ≤25 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≤3 WU and RAP ≤6 mmHg) or a reduction in mean PAP ≥25%, PVR ≥35% and RAP ≥25%).ResultsSeverely diseased patients had higher levels of MR-proANP (320 (246–527) pmol·L−1versus133 (82–215) pmol·L−1; p=0.001) and copeptin (12.7 (7.3–20.6) pmol·L−1versus6.8 (4.4–12.8) pmol·L−1; p=0.015) at baseline than the rest of the cohort. At baseline, MR-proANP (area under the curve (AUC) 0.91; cut-off value 227 pmol·L−1; OR 56, 95% CI 6.9–454.3) and copeptin (AUC 0.70; cut-off value 10.9 pmol·L−1; OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9) identified severely diseased patients. After PEA/BPA, levels of MR-proANP (99 (58–145) pmol·L−1; p<0.001) and copeptin (6.3 (3.7–12.6) pmol·L−1; p=0.009) decreased and indicated optimal therapy response (MR-proANP <123 pmol·L−1(AUC 0.70) and copeptin <10.1 pmol·L−1(AUC 0.58)).ConclusionMR-proANP and copeptin levels are affected in CTEPH and decrease after therapy. MR-proANP identifies a severe disease status and optimal therapy response.
Single-File Water Flux Through Two-Dimensional Nanoporous Membranes
Authors: Suk Myung Eun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in the development of two-dimensional (2D) materials have facilitated a wide variety of surface chemical characteristics obtained by composing atomic species, pore functionalization, etc. The present study focused on how chemical characteristics such as hydrophilicity affects the water transport rate in hexagonal 2D membranes. The membrane–water interaction strength was tuned to change the hydrophilicity, and the sub-nanometer pore was used to investigate single-file flux, which is known to retain excellent salt rejection. Due to the dewetting behavior of the hydrophobic pore, the water flux was zero or nominal below the threshold interaction strength. Above the threshold interaction strength, water flux decreased with an increase in interaction strength. From the potential of mean force analysis and diffusion coefficient calculations, the proximal region of the pore entrance was found to be the dominant factor degrading water flux at the highly hydrophilic pore. Furthermore, the superiority of 2D membranes over 3D membranes appeared to depend on the interaction strength. The present findings will have implications in the design of 2D membranes to retain a high water filtration rate.
Clustering analysis of large-scale phenotypic data in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
Authors: Carrillo Alexander J. , Cabrera Ilva E. , Spasojevic Marko J. , Schacht Patrick , Stajich Jason E. , Borkovich Katherine A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
With 9730 protein-coding genes and a nearly complete gene knockout strain collection, Neurospora crassa is a major model organism for filamentous fungi. Despite this abundance of information, the phenotypes of these gene knockout mutants have not been categorized to determine whether there are broad correlations between phenotype and any genetic features.

Results
Here, we analyze data for 10 different growth or developmental phenotypes that have been obtained for 1168 N. crassa knockout mutants. Of these mutants, 265 (23%) are in the normal range, while 903 (77%) possess at least one mutant phenotype. With the exception of unclassified functions, the distribution of functional categories for genes in the mutant dataset mirrors that of the N. crassa genome. In contrast, most genes do not possess a yeast ortholog, suggesting that our analysis will reveal functions that are not conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To leverage the phenotypic data to identify pathways, we used weighted Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) approach with 40 clusters. We found that genes encoding metabolic, transmembrane and protein phosphorylation-related genes are concentrated in subsets of clusters. Results from K-Means clustering of transcriptomic datasets showed that most phenotypic clusters contain multiple expression profiles, suggesting that co-expression is not generally observed for genes with shared phenotypes. Analysis of yeast orthologs of genes that co-clustered in MAPK signaling cascades revealed potential networks of interacting proteins in N. crassa.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that clustering analysis of phenotypes is a promising tool for generating new hypotheses regarding involvement of genes in cellular pathways in N. crassa. Furthermore, information about gene clusters identified in N. crassa should be applicable to other filamentous fungi, including saprobes and pathogens.
Polyphenol and flavonoid profiles and radical scavenging activity in leafy vegetable Amaranthus gangeticus
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Oba Shinya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRed amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticusL.) has great diversity in Bangladesh, India, and South East Asia with multipurpose uses. The bright red-violet coloredA. gangeticusis a popular and low-cost leafy vegetable in the Asian continent including Bangladesh and India because of attractive leaf color, taste, adequate nutraceuticals, phenolic compounds, and sole source of betalains. The natural colors and phenolic compounds of this species have a significant role in promoting the health-benefit including the scavenging capacity of radicals, the colorant of food products, and play a vital role in the industry of foods. However, phenolic profiles and radical scavenging activity of this species have not been evaluated.Hence, for the first time, four selected advance lines ofA. gangeticuswere characterized for phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality.ResultsA. gangeticusgenotypes are abundant sources of phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents with good radical quenching capacity that differed across the genotypes. Twenty-five phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid, β-resorcylic acid, vanillic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol,m-coumaric acid,trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin,p-coumaric acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, sinapic acid, isoquercetin, naringenin, myricetin, catechin, and hyperoside were identified inA. gangeticusaccessions.A. gangeticusaccessions LS7 and LS9 demonstrated ample phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. It revealed from the correlation study that antioxidant components ofA. gangeticusgenotypes exhibited good radical scavenging activities. The genotypes LS7 and LS9 could be directly used as phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant activity enrich cultivars.ConclusionsThe identified compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids inA. gangeticusprivilege the comprehensive study of pharmacology. The basic information on phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents achieved in the present study will provide the scientist’s forum for the scientific assessment of these compounds inA. gangeticus.
Adverse events of video capsule endoscopy over the past two decades: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuan-Chen , Pan Jun , Liu Ya-Wei , Sun Feng-Yuan , Qian Yang-Yang , Jiang Xi , Zou Wen-Bin , Xia Ji , Jiang Bin , Ru Nan , Zhu Jia-Hui , Linghu En-Qiang , Li Zhao-Shen , Liao Zhuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
A full spectrum of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) adverse events over the past two decades has not been evaluated. We aimed to determine pooled rates, predictors and temporal-trend of VCE adverse events over the past two decades.

Methods
Systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE for English-language publications reporting VCE adverse events (January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2019). Data were extracted independently by two investigators. Pooled VCE adverse event rates were calculated using the random or fixed model as appropriate. Predictors and temporal-trend of each adverse event were performed by meta-regression analyses.

Results
In total, 402 studies were identified, including 108,079 VCE procedures. Rate of retention, swallow disorder, aspiration, technical failure, and procedural adverse events were 0.73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.89%), 0.75% (95% CI 0.43–1.13%), 0.00% (95% CI 0.00–0.00%), 0.94% (95% CI 0.65–1.28%), 0.67% (95% CI 0.32–1.10%), respectively; incomplete examination rate of esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon were 9.05%, 7.69%, 12.08%, 19.19%, respectively. Patency capsule reduced retention rate by 5.04%, whereas known inflammatory bowel disease increased retention rate by 4.29%. Elder was the risk and protective factor for small bowel incomplete examination (0.30%) and swallow disorder (− 0.72%), respectively. Rates of retention and small bowel incomplete examination significantly declined over time (P = .0006 and P < .0001)..

Conclusions
VCE adverse event rates were generally low, and retention and small bowel incomplete examination rates declined over the past two decades. Patients with known inflammatory bowel disease or elder should be alerted to high risk of retention or small bowel incomplete examination (PROSPERO: CRD42019139595).
Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Motao , Wang Amy J. , Chen Yu , Zhao Gexin , Jiang Zhifeng , Wang Xinbang , Shi Dongliang , Zhang Tiansong , Sun Bomin , He Hua , Williams Ziv , Hu Kejia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent studies regarding the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been inconsistent. This study conducts a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety and efficacy of EPO for TBI patients at various follow-up time points.

Methods
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for RCTs studying EPO in TBI patients published through March 2019. Non-English manuscripts and non-human studies were excluded. The assessed outcomes include mortality, neurological recovery and associated adverse effects. Dichotomous variables are presented as risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
A total of seven RCTs involving 1197 TBI patients (611 treated with EPO, 586 treated with placebo) were included in this study. Compared to the placebo arm, treatment with EPO did not improve acute hospital mortality or short-term mortality. However, there was a significant improvement in mid-term (6 months) follow-up survival rates. EPO administration was not associated with neurological function improvement. Regarding adverse effects, EPO treatment did not increase the incidence of thromboembolic events or other associated adverse events.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicates a slight mortality benefit for TBI patients treated with EPO at mid-term follow-up. EPO does not improve in-hospital mortality, nor does it increase adverse events including thrombotic, cardiovascular and other associated complications. Our analysis did not demonstrate a significant beneficial effect of EPO intervention on the recovery of neurological function. Future RCTs are required to further characterize the use of EPO in TBI.
Differences in clinical characteristics and tumor prognosis between primary and secondary conventional pelvic chondrosarcoma
Authors: Zang Jie , Guo Wei , Yang Rongli , Tang Xiaodong , Liang Haijie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChondrosarcoma (CS) most commonly involves the pelvis. This study aimed to analyze differences in clinical characteristics and prognostic factors between primary and secondary conventional pelvic CS, and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsEighty patients (54 primary cases and 26 secondary cases) with pelvic CS were included in this retrospective study. The tumor site, Enneking stage, soft tissue mass, margin, initial tumor grade, incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival rate. X2test and log-rank test were used for univariate analysis, and Cox test was used in multivariate analysis.ResultsThe average age of patients with secondary CS was significantly younger than that of patients with primary CS (P < 0.001). The soft tissue mass of patients with secondary CS was significantly larger than that of patients with primary CS (P = 0.002). There was a significant difference in initial tumor pathologic grade between the two groups (P = 0.002). No statistically significant difference was observed in the local recurrence rate between the two groups. The median recurrence time of patients with primary CS after the first treatment was significantly shorter than that of patients with secondary CS (P < 0.001). The overall survival rate of patients with secondary CS was much higher than that of patients with primary CS (P = 0.003). Cox regression analysis showed that the initial tumor grade was an independent factor in the overall survival rate of patients with CS.ConclusionThere were significant differences in age, soft tissue mass, initial tumor grade, and overall survival rate between the two groups. The overall survival rate of pelvic CS was related to the initial tumor grade of CS.
Law enforcement personnel are willing to change, but report influencing beliefs and barriers to optimised dietary intake
Authors: MacKenzie-Shalders Kristen , Matthews Charlene , Dulla Joe , Orr Robin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Law enforcement personnel have been recognized as having a high risk for several lifestyle-related health conditions which, in combination with the nature of their work (sedentary roles interspersed with intermittent high-intensity activity, shift work, and a high stress-load), can have a negative impact on their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and factors or barriers influencing these habits within a cohort of law enforcement personnel in the United States of America.

Method
Cross-sectional data were obtained via validated paper-based surveys being the Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating, Food Choice Questionnaire and Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants, Short Version.

Results
A total of 159 participants (median age = 27 [range 19–60] years; 74% males) participated. Barriers to healthy eating included being busy and irregular working hours. Overall, 91% (n = 143) placed high importance on consuming nutritious food and 80% (n = 126) on food high in vitamins and minerals. A further 80% (n = 127) emphasized high protein content and 41% (n = 62) followed a high protein diet. Barriers to healthy eating included busy lifestyle (60%, n = 94), and irregular working hours (41%, n = 64). Overall, 80% (n = 127) were very willing to make changes in eating habits to be healthier.

Conclusion
Law enforcement officers know what they should eat and report convenience and health the most important factors guiding their food choices. Knowing this, officers find challenges putting good dietary practices into practice due to factors like a busy lifestyle and irregular work hours. Reportedly “very willing” to make changes in their eating habits to be healthier, future interventions should focus on how to effect changes to their eating habits as opposed to focussing on what to eat.
Anti-inflammatory activity of 3-cinnamoyltribuloside and its metabolomic analysis in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Wang Zhennan , Guan Ying , Yang Rui , Li Junjian , Wang Junsong , Jia Ai-Qun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is a response to tissue injuries, which is indispensable and important for human health, but excessive inflammation can potentially cause damage to the host organisms. Camellia nitidissima Chi, one traditional medicinal and edible plant in China, was reported to exhibit anti-inflammation capability. Hence, this study was conducted to isolate the bioactive compounds from the flowers of C. nitidissima Chi and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity.

Methods
The phytochemicals from the flowers of C. nitidissima Chi were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel, C18 reversed silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, and identified by the spectrum technologies. The anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds was evaluated using cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Whereafter the potential metabolic mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the bioactive compound was investigated by a 1H-NMR based metabolomics approach. The metabolites in 1H-NMR spectra were identified by querying the Human Metabolome Database and Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database online. And the multivariate statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the variability of metabolites among samples and between sample classes.

Results
The compound isolated from the flowers of C. nitidissima Chi was identified as 3-cinnamoyltribuloside (3-CT). 3-CT could inhibit the NO production and the mRNA expression of iNOS involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, 3-CT could inhibit the expression of a series of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, both at the mRNA level and protein level. The 1H-NMR based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the potential metabolic mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of 3-CT. Thirty-five metabolites were identified and assigned. Orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of the 1H-NMR data showed 3-CT could balance the significant changes in many endogenous metabolites (e.g., choline, glucose, phenylalanine) induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells, which related to cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and amino acids metabolism.

Conclusion
3-CT, isolated from the flowers of C. nitidissima Chi, had potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that 3-CT had effects on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and amino acids metabolism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.