bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic of a lacustrine sedimentary system during late rifting at the Cretaceous–Palaeocene transition: Example of the Yacoraite Formation, Salta Basin, Argentina
Authors: Deschamps Rémy , Rohais Sébastien , Hamon Youri , Gasparrini Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe architecture of lacustrine systems is the result of the complex interaction between tectonics, climate and environmental parameters, and constitute the main forcing parameters on the lake dynamics. Field analogue studies have been performed to better assess such interactions, and their impact on the facies distribution and the stratigraphic architecture of lacustrine systems. The Yacoraite Formation (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene), deposited during the sag phase of the Salta rift basin in Argentina, is exposed in world‐class outcrops that allowed the dynamics of this lacustrine system to be studied through facies analysis and stratigraphic evolution. On the scale of the Alemania‐Metán‐El Rey Basin, the Yacoraite Formation is organized with a siliciclastic‐dominated margin to the west, and a carbonate‐dominated margin to the east. The Yacoraite can be subdivided into four main ‘mid‐term’ sequences and further subdivided into ‘short‐term’ sequences recording high frequency climate fluctuations. Furthermore, the depositional profiles and identified system tracts have been grouped into two end‐members at basin scale: (a) a balanced ‘perennial’ depositional system for the lower part of the Yacoraite Formation and (b) a highly alternating ‘ephemeral’ depositional system for the upper part of the Yacoraite Formation. The transition from a perennial system to an ephemeral system indicates a change in the sedimentary dynamics of the basin, which was probably linked with the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary that induced a temporary shutdown of carbonate production and an increase in siliciclastic supply.
Inspiring song: The role of respiratory circuitry in the evolution of vertebrate vocal behavior
Authors: Barkan Charlotte L. , Zornik Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVocalization is a common means of communication across vertebrates, but the evolutionary origins of the neural circuits controlling these behaviors are not clear. Peripheral mechanisms of sound production vary widely: fish produce sounds with a swimbladder or pectoral fins; amphibians, reptiles, and mammalians vocalize using a larynx; birds vocalize with a syrinx. Despite the diversity of vocal effectors across taxa, there are many similarities in the neural circuits underlying the control of these organs. Do similarities in vocal circuit structure and function indicate that vocal behaviors first arose in a single common ancestor, or have similar neural circuits arisen independently multiple times during evolution? In this review, we describe the hindbrain circuits that are involved in vocal production across vertebrates. Given that vocalization depends on respiration in most tetrapods, it is not surprising that vocal and respiratory hindbrain circuits across distantly related species are anatomically intermingled and functionally linked. Such vocal‐respiratory circuit integration supports the hypothesis that vocal evolution involved the expansion and functional diversification of breathing circuits. Recent phylogenetic analyses, however, suggest vocal behaviors arose independently in all major tetrapod clades, indicating that similarities in vocal control circuits are the result of repeated co‐options of respiratory circuits in each lineage. It is currently unknown whether vocal circuits across taxa are made up of homologous neurons, or whether vocal neurons in each lineage arose from developmentally and evolutionarily distinct progenitors. Integrative comparative studies of vocal neurons across brain regions and taxa will be required to distinguish between these two scenarios.
Calibrating and adjusting counts of harbor seals in a tidewater glacier fjord to estimate abundance and trends 1992 to 2017
Authors: Womble Jamie N. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Gende Scott M. , Mathews Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong‐term monitoring for understanding status and trend of species of conservation concern is undeniably valuable, yet monitoring methods often evolve over time due to the development of new technology, fluctuations in funding, logistical constraints, and innovations in sampling methods or analytical approaches. Consequently, valuable insights into annual or decadal‐scale trends can be lost unless calibration between historical and current methods is developed. Glacier Bay National Park, in southeastern Alaska, hosts an important regional population of harbor seals, with the majority of seals pupping and molting on icebergs calved from a tidewater glacier in Johns Hopkins Inlet. Monitoring efforts to assess abundance and trends of harbor seals used counts of seals by shore‐based observers from 1992 to 2002, but transitioned to aerial photographic surveys in 2007 through 2017. To produce a rigorous long‐term evaluation of abundance and trends of harbor seals, we (1) conducted concurrent shore‐based counts and aerial photographic surveys in 2007 and 2008; (2) developed an analytical calibration between the two monitoring methods; (3) developed a haul‐out model to estimate the number of harbor seals in the water at the time of counts; and (4) estimated abundance and trends of harbor seals from 1992 to 2017 from the adjusted counts. Our calibration analysis revealed that during the pupping season in June, counts of harbor seals by observers from shore were consistently lower than counts from aerial surveys. During the molting season, counts by shore‐based observers were only slightly less than aerial photographic surveys, and there was an interaction between survey method and season. After calibrating methods, we found important decadal‐scale changes in trend. Over the 26‐yr period (1992–2017), the estimated trend was negative; however, trends computed for rolling 10‐yr time intervals showed steep and significant declines ending around 2011, with leveling off and possibly some subsequent recovery. The most recent shorter‐term (2013–2017) trends are negative again, rivaling the steepest decreases over the 26‐yr period. Our calibration between two monitoring methods improved continuity for long‐term monitoring for a species of conservation concern by taking advantage of new sampling methods and innovations in analytical approaches.
Beware of whom you live with: Your intestinal IgA may depend on it
Authors: Eberl Gerard , Vieira Paulo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the past 15 years, it became clear that the symbiotic microbiota has an important impact on the development and regulation of the immune system. Consequently, it is incorrect to interpret a phenotype solely as a direct result of the genotype, without considering the impact of the microbiota. In fact, ignorance of the effects exerted by the microbiota may account for a large part of the “replication issues” found in many studies. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Beller et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2020. 50: 783–794] provide data suggesting that eosinophils are not required to maintain IgA‐producing plasma cells in the intestine, contrary to earlier reports. This paper shows that mice lacking eosinophils develop an altered intestinal microbiota, which poorly induces IgA. Normal levels of IgA were obtained in mice lacking eosinophils when these were colonized by microbiota from the WT mice. Therefore, the use of littermate controls carrying the same microbiota, in experiments comparing WT and mutant mice, is necessary to control the potential role of the microbiota. Nevertheless, caution should always be exercised in the interpretation of the results: changes in the microbiota may result from mutations in the host, and thereby, indirectly convey the effect of genotypes on phenotypes.
Tracheostomy protocols during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Heyd Cameron P. , Desiato Vincent M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , O'Rourke Ashli K. , Clemmens Clarice S. , Awad Mahmoud I. , Worley Mitchell L. , Day Terry A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in the implementation of rapidly changing protocols and guidelines related to the indications and perioperative precautions and protocols for tracheostomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current guidelines for tracheostomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic to provide a framework for health systems to prepare as the science evolves over the upcoming months and years.MethodsLiterature review was performed. Articles reporting clinical practice guidelines for tracheostomy in the context of COVID‐19 were included.ResultsA total of 13 tracheotomy guidelines were identified. Two were available via PubMed, five in society or organization websites, and six identified via health system websites or other sources. Five were from Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery specialties, six from Anesthesiology and one from Pulmonary/Critical Care. All (100%) studies recommended postponing elective OR cases in COVID‐19 positive patients, while seven recommended reducing team members to only essential staff and three recommended forming a designated tracheostomy team. Recommendations with supporting references are summarized in the article.ConclusionsTracheostomy guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic vary by physician groups and specialty, hospital systems, and supply‐chain/resource availability. This summary is provided as a point‐in‐time current state of the guidelines for tracheotomy management in April 2020 and is expected to change in coming weeks and months as the COVID‐19 pandemic, virus testing and antibody testing evolves.
Transition to a virtual multidisciplinary tumor board during the COVID‐19 pandemic: University of Pittsburgh experience
Authors: Dharmarajan Harish , Anderson Jennifer L. , Kim Seungwon , Sridharan Shaum , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L. , Solari Mario G. , Clump David A. , Skinner Heath D. , Ohr James P. , Zandberg Dan P. , Branstetter Barton , Hughes Marion A. , Traylor Katie S. , Seethala Raja , Chiosea Simion I. , Nilsen Marci L. , Johnson Jonas T. , Kubik Mark W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultidisciplinary conferences (MDC) are an important component of head and neck oncologic care including diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Virtual MDC allows for improved collaboration between providers at distant sites and proper allocation of health care resources in a time of crisis. When approached systematically, a virtual MDC is feasible to design and implement in a large academic medical center with multiple satellite hospitals.
Development in improved surface irrigation in China*
Authors: Li Yinong , Bai Meijian , Zhang Shaohui , Wu Caili , Li Fuxiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface irrigation is the most widely used irrigation method in China. Surface irrigation performance is affected by many factors, such as land levelling precision, irrigation system layout, irrigation control rules and irrigation management. Compared to pressure irrigation, surface irrigation is more difficult to control. At present extensive surface irrigation management has led to a low application efficiency of irrigation water. So, improving surface irrigation has a large potential to increase irrigation performance. Key technologies of improved surface irrigation include land levelling technology, irrigation simulation technology, design of surface irrigation systems, irrigation control technology and irrigation management schemes. This paper introduces the application status of surface irrigation technology and the existing questions that need to be improved, analyses the key technology of improving surface irrigation and the main research results around each key technology, discusses application of the main research results in surface irrigation management, and proposes further research topics around improving surface irrigation performance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of legislation and the quest for an effective mode of governance in agricultural water management: An insight from an irrigation district in central java, indonesia*
Authors: Rondhi Mohammad , Khasan Ahmad Fatikhul , Mori Yasuhiro , Kondo Takumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the historical and contemporary governance of water users' associations (WUAs) in an irrigation district in Central Java, Indonesia. The historical governance was explored through in‐depth interviews with the chief and board members of the WUAs, farmers and government officials, who have more than 30 years of experience in irrigation. The contemporary WUAs' governance was assessed through a survey of 34 WUAs covering an area of 7872 ha. The results show that the WUAs have experienced significant changes in governance, from hierarchical to community‐based (Swakelola) and provider‐based network style (Lelang). The survey revealed that there is an improvement in farm infrastructure under the current governance since the WUAs can provide sufficient funds to rehabilitate and maintain the irrigation networks without relying on outside actors. Also, the current WUAs' governance seems to increase land productivity, but it needs to be verified by future research. Finally, the insight in this study is useful in the effort to build sustainable agricultural water management. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical stimulation effects on the metabolism of adipocyte
Authors: Mor‐Yossef Moldovan Lisa , Kislev Nadav , Lustig Maayan , Pomeraniec Leslie , Benayahu Dafna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdipose tissue plays a leading role in obesity, which, in turn, can lead to Type 2 diabetes. Adipocytes (AD) respond to the biomechanical stimulation experienced in fat tissue under static stretch during prolonged sitting or lying. To investigate the effect of such chronic stimulation on adipocyte cell metabolism, we used an in vitro system to mimic the static stretch conditions. Under in vitro culture stretching, cells were analyzed at the single‐cell level and we measured an increase in the projected area of the AD and higher content of lipid droplets. A decrease in the projected area of these cells’ nucleus is associated with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma expression and heterochromatin. This is the first study to reveal proteins that were altered under static stretch following a mass spectrometry analysis and main pathways that affect cell fate and metabolism. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteins indicated an increase in mitochondrial activity and associated pathways under static stretch stimulation. Quantification of the mitochondrial activity by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the ATPase related proteins specifically measured ATP5B indicated an increase in adipogenesis which points to a higher rate of cell metabolism under static stretch. In summary, our results elaborate on the metabolism of AD exposed to biomechanical stimulation, that is, associated with altered cellular protein profile and thereby influenced cell fate. The static stretch stimulation accelerated adipocyte differentiation through increased mitochondrial activity. Hence, in this study, we introduce a new perspective in understanding the molecular regulation of mechano‐transduction in adipogenesis.
Development and validation of a novel epigenetic signature for predicting prognosis in colon cancer
Authors: Luo Dakui , Liu Qi , Shan Zezhi , Cai Sanjun , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpigenetic factors play a critical role in carcinogenesis by imparting a distinct feature to the chromatin architecture. The present study aimed to develop a novel epigenetic signature for evaluating the relapse‐free survival of colon cancer patients. Public microarray datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases: GSE39582, GSE17538, GSE33113, and GSE37892 set. Patients from GSE39582 set were randomized 1:1 into training and internal validation series. Patients were divided into high‐risk and low‐risk groups in training series based on a set of 11 epigenetic factors (p < .001). The good reproducibility for the prognostic value of the epigenetic signature was confirmed in the internal validation series (p < .001), external validation series (a combination of GSE17538 set, GSE33113 set, and GSE37892 set; p = .018), and entire series (p < .001). Furthermore, a nomogram, which integrated the epigenetic signature, pathological stage, and postoperative chemotherapy, was developed based on the GSE39582 set. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve at 1 year demonstrated that the comprehensive signature presented superior prognostic value than the pathological stage. In conclusion, an epigenetic signature, which could be utilized to divide colon cancer patients into two groups with significantly different risk of relapse, was established. This biomarker would aid in identifying patients who require an intensive follow‐up and aggressive therapeutic intervention.
An atypical lower limb pain revealing a possible systemic venous vasculitis
Authors: de Moreuil Claire , Rouvière Bénédicte , Rezig Schéhérazade , Le Duc‐Pennec Alexandra , Quintin‐Roué Isabelle , Bressollette Luc , Hoffmann Clément 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe a possible systemic vasculitis involving electively large veins. The patient presented with severe febrile lower limb pain. Diagnosis was made by color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and confirmed by anatomopathological examination of the long saphenous vein, but not by examination of the temporal artery which was normal. CDU found a unilateral halo sign of one temporal artery and a major wall swelling of the lower limb proximal deep veins. The etiology of this possible vasculitis is still unknown. It could be an unusual clinical presentation of giant cell arteritis with vein involvement but without proven arterial involvement. To confirm this hypothesis, it would be interesting to look systematically for lower limb vein thickening with CDU in patients newly diagnosed with giant cell arteritis who have lower limb pain.
Microstructural Alterations in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders: A Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study
Authors: Sawamura Daisuke , Narita Hisashi , Hashimoto Naoki , Nakagawa Shin , Hamaguchi Hiroyuki , Fujima Noriyuki , Kudo Kohsuke , Shirato Hiroki , Tha Khin K. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIdentifying structural and functional abnormalities in bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) is important for understanding biological processes.HypothesisDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) may be able to detect the brain's microstructural alterations in BD and MDD and any differences between the two.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 16 BD patients, 19 MDD patients, and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers.Field Strength/SequenceDKI at 3.0T.AssessmentThe major DKI indices of the brain were compared voxel‐by‐voxel among the three groups. Significantly different voxels were tested for correlation with clinical variables (ie, Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS], 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [17‐HDRS], Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, total disease duration, duration of current episode, and the number of past manic/depressive episodes). The performance of the DKI indices in identifying microstructural alterations was estimated.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for group comparison of DKI indices. The performance of these indices in detecting microstructural alterations was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Pearson's product–moment correlation analyses were used to test the correlations of these indices with clinical variables.ResultsDKI revealed widespread microstructural alterations across the brain in each disorder (P < 0.05). Some were significantly different between the two disorders. Mean kurtosis (MK) in the gray matter of the right inferior parietal lobe was able to distinguish BD and MDD with an accuracy of 0.906. A strong correlation was revealed between MK in that region and YMRS in BD patients (r = −0.641, corrected P = 0.042) or 17‐HDRS in MDD patients (r = −0.613, corrected P = 0.030). There were also strong correlations between a few other DKI indices and disease duration (r = −0.676 or 0.626, corrected P < 0.05).Data ConclusionDKI detected microstructural brain alterations in BD and MDD. Its indices may be useful to distinguish the two disorders or to reflect disease severity and duration.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1187–1196.
Optimization of group size in pool testing strategy for SARS‐CoV‐2: A simple mathematical model
Authors: Aragón‐Caqueo Diego , Fernández‐Salinas Javier , Laroze David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease (Covid‐19) has reached unprecedented pandemic levels and is affecting almost every country in the world. Ramping up the testing capacity of a country supposes an essential public health response to this new outbreak. A pool testing strategy where multiple samples are tested in a single reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) kit could potentially increase a country's testing capacity. The aim of this study is to propose a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimum number of pooled samples according to the relative prevalence of positive tests in a particular healthcare context, assuming that if a group tests negative, no further testing is done whereas if a group tests positive, all the subjects of the group are retested individually. The model predicts group sizes that range from 11 to 3 subjects. For a prevalence of 10% of positive tests, 40.6% of tests can be saved using testing groups of four subjects. For a 20% prevalence, 17.9% of tests can be saved using groups of three subjects. For higher prevalences, the strategy flattens and loses effectiveness. Pool testing individuals for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a valuable strategy that could considerably boost a country's testing capacity. However, further studies are needed to address how large these groups can be, without losing sensitivity on the RT‐PCR. The strategy best works in settings with a low prevalence of positive tests. It is best implemented in subgroups with low clinical suspicion. The model can be adapted to specific prevalences, generating a tailored to the context implementation of the pool testing strategy.
Higher‐order perfectly matched layer for the implicit CNDG‐FDTD algorithm
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn the basis of complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layer (CFS‐PML) formulation, an implementation of the higher‐order PML is proposed to terminate unbounded finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) computational domain. By incorporating the Crank‐Nicolson Douglas‐Gunn algorithm and the bilinear transform method, the proposed scheme can not only maintain the unconditional stability of the CN‐FDTD algorithm in terms of reducing computational time but also take advantage of the higher‐order PML in terms of improving absorbing performance. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposal in the homogenous free space and half‐space soil vacuum problems, respectively. It is demonstrated that the proposed unconditionally stable higher‐order CFS‐PML can not only efficiently absorb low‐frequency propagation waves, low‐frequency evanescent waves, and late‐time reflections but also overcome Courant‐Friedrich‐Levy limit.