bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical impact of sprawling intra-Urban Heat Islets: Reducing mean surface temperatures while enhancing local extremes
Authors: Shreevastava Anamika , Bhalachandran Saiprasanth , McGrath Gavan S. , Huber Matthew , Rao P. Suresh C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtreme heat is one of the deadliest health hazards that is projected to increase in intensity and persistence in the near future. Here, we tackle the problem of spatially heterogeneous heat distribution within urban areas. We develop a novel multi-scale metric of identifying emerging heat clusters at various percentile-based thermal thresholds and refer to them collectively as intra-Urban Heat Islets. Using remotely sensed Land Surface Temperatures, we first quantify the spatial organization of heat islets in cities at various degrees of sprawl and densification. We then condense the size, spacing, and intensity information about heterogeneous clusters into probability distributions that can be described using single scaling exponents (denoted by β, $${{\boldsymbol{\Lambda }}}_{{\boldsymbol{s}}{\boldsymbol{c}}{\boldsymbol{o}}{\boldsymbol{r}}{\boldsymbol{e}}}$$

Λ

s
c
o
r
e

, and λ, respectively). This allows for a seamless comparison of the heat islet characteristics across cities at varying spatial scales and improves on the traditional Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) Intensity as a bulk metric. Analysis of Heat Islet Size distributions demonstrates the emergence of two classes where the dense cities follow a Pareto distribution, and the sprawling cities show an exponential tempering of Pareto tail. This indicates a significantly reduced probability of encountering large heat islets for sprawling cities. In contrast, analysis of Heat Islet Intensity distributions indicates that while a sprawling configuration is favorable for reducing the mean SUHI Intensity of a city, for the same mean, it also results in higher local thermal extremes. This poses a paradox for urban designers in adopting expansion or densification as a growth trajectory to mitigate the UHI.
Comparative physiology of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol in six different avian species
Authors: Gasthuys Elke , Montesinos Andrés , Caekebeke Nele , Devreese Mathias , De Baere Siegrid , Ardiaca Maria , Paepe Dominique , Croubels Siska , Antonissen Gunther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly diagnosis of kidney diseases in avian species is limited. Endogenous markers currently used in avian practice are not sensitive enough to identify early kidney failure. Consequently, alternative markers should be evaluated. To be able to evaluate these alternative markers, an accurate marker to estimate the GFR should be validated. This study determined the GFR, measured as clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol, in six different bird species, i.e. broiler chickens, laying chickens, turkeys, Muscovy ducks, pigeons and African grey parrots (4♀/4♂). To be able to compare the six bird species, normalization to bodyweight (BW) of the GFR was performed, after a good correlation between BW and kidney weight was demonstrated (R² = 0.9836). Clearance of exo-iohexol normalized to BW (mL/min/kg) was determined in all bird species, i.e. 3.09 in broiler chickens; 2.57 in laying chickens; 1.94 in turkeys; 1.29 in pigeons; 2.60 in ducks and 1.11 in parrots. However, these results differed significantly with the clearance of exogenous creatinine: 8.41 in broiler chickens; 9.33 in laying chickens; 5.62 in turkeys; 14.97 in pigeons; 17.59 in ducks and 25.56 in parrots 25.56. Iohexol is preferred to measure the GFR, since it is not prone to tubular reabsorption nor secretion.
Degradation enhancement of rice straw by co-culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride
Authors: Chen Kai-Jian , Tang Ji-Chao , Xu Bao-Hong , Lan Shi-Le , Cao Yankun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStraw is one of the most abundant stock of renewable biomass from crop production. However, its utilization efficiency is still very low. Although co-cultivation of fungi increases the degrading rate, the co-cultivation condition needs to be optimized. To optimize the co-culture condition of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride degrading rice straw, we first tested the antagonistic characteristic between the fungi. The results showed that the best co-culture pattern was to first inoculate P. chrysosporium and culture for 4 days, then inoculate T. viride, and co-culture the two fungi for 4 days. The optimum fermentation condition was 14% (w/v) of inoculum concentration, the equivalent inoculation of the fungi, culture temperature at 30 °C, and 1:1.4 for solid-liquid ratio. Under the optimum condition, the degradation ratios of lignin and cellulose were 26.38% and 33.29%, respectively; the soluble carbon content in the culture product was 23.07% (w/v). The results would provide important reference information for the efficient utilization of rice straw to produce more accessible energy resources, such as ethanol and glucose.
Measurement Induced Synthesis of Coherent Quantum Batteries
Authors: Gumberidze Mariia , Kolář Michal , Filip Radim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuantum coherence represented by a superposition of energy eigenstates is, together with energy, an important resource for quantum technology and thermodynamics. Energy and quantum coherence however, can be complementary. The increase of energy can reduce quantum coherence and vice versa. Recently, it was realized that steady-state quantum coherence could be autonomously harnessed from a cold environment. We propose a conditional synthesis of N independent two-level systems (TLS) with partial quantum coherence obtained from an environment to one coherent system using a measurement able to increase both energy and coherence simultaneously. The measurement process acts here as a Maxwell demon synthesizing the coherent energy of individual TLS to one large coherent quantum battery. The measurement process described by POVM elements is diagonal in energy representation and, therefore, it does not project on states with quantum coherence at all. We discuss various strategies and their efficiency to reach large coherent energy of the battery. After numerical optimization and proof-of-principle tests, it opens way to feasible repeat-until-success synthesis of coherent quantum batteries from steady-state autonomous coherence.
An integrated approach for trace detection of pollutants in water using polyelectrolyte functionalized magneto-plasmonic nanosorbents
Authors: Pinheiro Paula C. , Fateixa Sara , Daniel-da-Silva Ana L. , Trindade Tito 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResistance of pathogenic micro-organisms to conventional antibiotics is an essential issue for public health. The presence of such pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems has been of major concern for which remediation and ultra-sensitive monitoring methods have been proposed. A less explored strategy involves the application of multifunctional nanosorbents for the uptake and subsequent detection of vestigial contaminants. In this study, colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) of iron oxide and gold were encapsulated in multi-layers of a charged polyelectrolyte (PEI: polyethyleneimine), envisaging the effective capture of tetracycline (TC) and its subsequent detection by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Adsorption studies were performed by varying operational parameters, such as the solution pH and contact time, in order to evaluate the performance of the nanosorbents for the uptake of TC from water. While the magnetic nanosorbents with an external PEI layer (Fe3O4@PEI and Fe3O4@PEI-Au@PEI particles) have shown better uptake efficiency for TC, these materials showed less SERS sensitivity than the Fe3O4@PEI- Au nanosorbents, whose SERS sensitivity for TC in water has reached the limit of detection of 10 nM. Thus, this study highlights the potential of such magneto-plasmonic nanosorbents as multi-functional platforms for targeting specific contaminants in water, by taking into consideration both functionalities investigated: the removal by adsorption and the SERS detection across the nanosorbents’ surfaces.
Detection and functional characterization of sigma class GST in Phlebotomus argentipes and its role in stress tolerance and DDT resistance
Authors: Hassan Faizan , Singh Krishn Pratap , Ali Vahab , Behera Sachidananda , Shivam Pushkar , Das Pradeep , Dinesh Diwakar Singh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes, in insects, have previously been implicated in resistance developed against DDT and other insecticides. The GST enzyme particularly sigma class have important physiological role in detoxification of lipid peroxidation by-products in insects.Phlebotomus argentipeshas been intensely exposed to DDT over years due to Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) programme for Kala-azar elimination in Bihar, India. However, inP. argentipes, role of GSTs in DDT resistance have not been elucidated. Here, sigma class GST ofP. argentipes(Parg-GSTσ) was successfully cloned, expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant Parg-GSTσ was found to be highly active towards cumene hydroperoxide and 4-HNE having specific activity 92.47 & 203.92 µM/min/mg of protein, respectively and exhibited low activity towards universal substrate CDNBi.e., 8.75 µM/min/mg of protein. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis showed at least 2 and 1.8 fold overexpression of Parg-GSTσ in the single exposed and non exposed DDT resistantP. argentipesas compared to susceptible, implicating Parg-GSTσ also involved in DDT resistance probably by imparting enhanced stress tolerance. The DDT, H2O2and temperature induction assays demonstrated stress-dependent induction of Parg-GSTσ expression indicating its important role in oxidative stress redressal.
Sarcodia suieae acetyl-xylogalactan regulate RAW 264.7 macrophage NF-kappa B activation and IL-1 beta cytokine production in macrophage polarization
Authors: Wu Tsung-Meng , Nan Fan-Hua , Chen Kuan-Chu , Wu Yu-Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effects of acetyl-xylogalactan extracted from Sarcodia suieae on RAW 264.7 macrophage polarisation were evaluated. This extracted acetyl-xylogalactan had a monosaccharide composition of 91% galactose and 9% xylose, with polysaccharide and acetyl contents of 80.6% and 19.3%, respectively. MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy revealed the molecular weight of the acetyl-xylogalactan to be 88.5 kDa. After acetyl-xylogalactan treatment, RAW 264.7 macrophage polarisation was noted, along with enhanced phagocytic ability. Furthermore, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed and the results demonstrated non-significant alteration in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the treated cells. Next, interleukin (IL) 1β, TNF, and Malt-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with the S. suieae acetyl-xylogalactan was investigated through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results demonstrated that S. suieae acetyl-xylogalactan induced IL-1β and Malt-1 expression. RNA sequencing analysis results indicated the S. suieae acetyl-xylogalactan positively regulated cytokine production and secretion, protein secretion, and response to IL-1 activation, based on the observed GO terms. The predicted target genes in the GO enrichment analysis were found to upregulate NF-κB signalling and M0 to M1 macrophage conversion through the observed cytokine production. Thus, acetyl-xylogalactan can positively regulate RAW 264.7 macrophage polarisation.
Genetic variation drives seasonal onset of hibernation in the 13-lined ground squirrel
Authors: Grabek Katharine R. , Cooke Thomas F. , Epperson L. Elaine , Spees Kaitlyn K. , Cabral Gleyce F. , Sutton Shirley C. , Merriman Dana K. , Martin Sandra L. , Bustamante Carlos D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHibernation in sciurid rodents is a dynamic phenotype timed by a circannual clock. When housed in an animal facility, 13-lined ground squirrels exhibit variation in seasonal onset of hibernation, which is not explained by environmental or biological factors. We hypothesized that genetic factors instead drive variation in timing. After increasing genome contiguity, here, we employ a genotype-by-sequencing approach to characterize genetic variation in 153 ground squirrels. Combined with datalogger records (n = 72), we estimate high heritability (61–100%) for hibernation onset. Applying a genome-wide scan with 46,996 variants, we identify 2 loci significantly (p < 7.14 × 10−6), and 12 loci suggestively (p < 2.13 × 10−4), associated with onset. At the most significant locus, whole-genome resequencing reveals a putative causal variant in the promoter ofFAM204A. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses further reveal gene associations for 8/14 loci. Our results highlight the power of applying genetic mapping to hibernation and present new insight into genetics driving its onset.
Magnetic control of polariton spin transport
Authors: Caputo D. , Sedov E. S. , Ballarini D. , Glazov M. M. , Kavokin A. V. , Sanvitto D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolaritons are hybrid light–matter quasiparticles arising from the strong coupling of excitons and photons. Owing to the spin degree-of-freedom, polaritons form spinor fluids able to propagate in the cavity plane over long distances with promising properties for spintronics applications. Here we demonstrate experimentally the full control of the polarization dynamics of a propagating exciton–polariton condensate in a planar microcavity by using a magnetic field applied in the Voigt geometry. We show the change of the spin-beat frequency, the suppression of the optical spin Hall effect, and the rotation of the polarization pattern by the magnetic field. The observed effects are theoretically reproduced by a phenomenological model based on microscopic consideration of exciton–photon coupling in a microcavity accounting for the magneto-induced mixing of exciton–polariton and dark, spin-forbidden exciton states.
L’autisme en France, début 2019
Authors: Wacjman Claude 
Published: December 2019

Les lignes qui suivent sont basées sur le recueil des données écrites recueillies entre le mois de janvier et le mois de mai 2019. Elles reflètent les intérêts professionnels de l’auteur, ce qui les fait apparaître biaisées, à juste titre. Cette compilation se situe après de nombreux travaux dont : « La fabrication de l’”autiste handicapé” : chronique d’un passage à l’acte », [avec Olivier Douville], Psychologie clinique, no 2, 1996, p. 105-134, repris dans Figures de la psychanalyse. Logos-Anankè, no 24, 2012/2, p. 99-129; Travailler avec des enfants malades mentaux, Paris, Dunod, 1997; « Que nous enseigne la controverse sur l’autisme ? », Psychologie Clinique, no 36, 2013/2; « Enfants anormaux, inadaptés, handicapés : une continuité idéologique ? », Vie Sociale, 4/2013; Clinique institutionnelle des troubles psychiques. Des enfants autistes à ceux des ITEP, Toulouse, Èrès, 2013, p. 9-100; « L’autisme depuis 2012, année grande cause nationale », Psychologie Clinique, no 38, 2014/2, p. 8-29; « Vers une police de l’autisme (2013-2014) », Psychologie Clinique, no 39, 2015/1, p. 7-24; Le grand imbroglio de l’autisme, Nîmes, Champ social éditions, 2018.
Troubles bipolaires et pertinence du sexuel infantile
Authors: Morice Wilfried 
Published: December 2019

La conception des variations de l’humeur, des renversements des affects en terme de bipolarité procéderait-elle de la résistance individuelle et collective à ce que, à la suite de Freud, on nomme le sexuel infantile ? Se spécifiant athéorique la notion de « trouble bipolaire » promeut pourtant intrinsèquement un idéal de constance et de pérennité qui donne à entendre la dénégation des questions relatives à la perte de l’objet et son traitement par la psyché. Considérant avec J. Laplanche que la pensée psychanalytique progresse, entre autre, par banalisations et réaffirmations, l’auteur explore ce que la logique bipolaire implique de résistance aux désirs d’inceste et de meurtre aux origines de la pensée. La notion de sexuel infantile est ainsi précisée et replacée dans l’évolution de la connaissance psychanalytique et ses propres mouvements de refoulement. Un retour sur la métapsychologie freudienne relative aux problématiques de perte objectale permet d’attester son statut foncier. L’incidence du narcissisme et du masochisme, ainsi qu’une hypothèse sur l’implication d’une dimension incestueuse dans les situations mélancoliques sont envisagées. Distants de quelques années, deux temps de la cure d’une patiente qui répondrait aux critères diagnostics des « troubles bipolaires », viennent témoigner de la mobilisation possible du lien mélancolique à l’objet perdu.
Le numérique : du symbolique désaffecté
Authors: Decan Philippe 
Published: December 2019

Ce que l’on nomme aujourd’hui le numérique, l’intelligence artificielle et la robotique, ont pris son essor après la seconde guerre mondiale sous le nom de cybernétique. Longtemps en gestation, ce nouvel aspect du discours de la science et de l’agir technologique qui lui est inféodé a débouché, produit depuis une trentaine d’années des développements économiques sans précédent plaçant les entreprises dominantes de ce domaine aux premiers rangs des bourses mondiales. Ce bouleversement majeur conduit à de multiples applications qui ont transformé nos vies quotidiennes dans leurs aspects pratiques mais aussi affectifs et intellectuels. À partir d’une relecture de la conférence de Jacques Lacan « Le symbolique, l’imaginaire et le réel » de 1953, je propose de développer plusieurs considérations relatives à l’influence du surgissement numérique sur nos affects et notre appareil psychique. Les changements contemporains de notre rapport au réel, à l’imaginaire et au symbolique, liés à l’évolution technologique seront également explorés, ainsi que l’efficience du numérique sur le Réel. Enfin, la notion de symbolique désaffecté sera avancée pour aider à conceptualiser l’influence de l’évolution technologique actuelle sur nos fonctionnements psychiques.
Eisentherapie bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Janssen Ulf 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDialysepatienten entwickeln sowohl einen absoluten als auch funktionellen Eisenmangel. Dabei spielen Hepcidinspiegel, die durch Inflammation und eine verminderte renale Clearance erhöht sind, eine zentrale Rolle. Diese führen zu einer Hemmung der enteralen Eisenresorption und der Eisenfreisetzung aus dem retikuloendothelialen System (RES). Bei Hämodialysepatienten treten verfahrensbedingte Eisenverluste hinzu. Im Gegensatz zu Peritonealdialysepatienten ist eine orale Eisentherapie bei Hämodialysepatienten i. d. R. nicht effektiv und eine intravenöse (i. v.) Gabe erforderlich. Dafür stehen dextranbasierte und dextranfreie Eisen(III)-Zucker-Komplexe zur Verfügung, die sich hinsichtlich der maximal applizierbaren Menge und der Häufigkeit von Nebenwirkungen unterscheiden. Vorteilen einer i. v. Eisentherapie wie einer Reduktion der Dosis Erythropoese stimulierender Agenzien (ESA) und von Bluttransfusionen stehen potenzielle Risiken wie Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen, eine Eisenüberladung, oxidativer Stress und Infektionen gegenüber. Während die KDIGO-Leitlinien aus dem Jahre 2012 eine Eisentherapie bei einer Transferrinsättigung (TSAT) von maximal 30 % und einem Serum-Ferritin von unter 500 ng/ml empfehlen, haben sich in vielen Zentren in der klinischen Praxis die angestrebten oberen Ferritingrenzwerte nach oben verschoben. Aktuelle Daten der PIVOTAL-Studie zeigen, dass eine proaktive hochdosierte Eisentherapie á 400 mg i. v. pro Monat bei einer TSAT von unter 40 % und einem Serum-Ferritin von maximal 700 ng/ml klinische Endpunkte wie die Mortalität und kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse reduziert, ohne zu einer Zunahme von Infektionen zu führen.
Psychosomatik in der Kinderneurologie
Authors: Merkenschlager Andreas , Bernhard Matthias K. , Hiemisch Andreas , Nickel Petra 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBasierend auf dem bio-psycho-sozialen Modell von Krankheit und Gesundheit beschäftigt sich die Neuropädiatrie mit dissoziativen und somatoformen Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Besonders die sog. Konversionsstörungen führen zu einer häufigen Inanspruchnahme des Kinderneurologen. Die nicht willentlich erzeugte Symptomatik basiert nicht auf einer identifizierbaren organischen Ursache und ist inkompatibel mit anatomischen und physiologischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten oder bekannten neurologischen Erkrankungen. Sie bedeuten für den Patienten und seine Familie eine erhebliche psychoemotionale Belastung und Funktionseinschränkung. Die Störungsbilder bergen das Risiko unnötiger und belastender Diagnostik und – mitunter invasiver – Therapie. Die Prognose psychotherapeutischer Interventionen ist umso günstiger je kürzer das Zeitintervall zwischen Manifestation und Diagnosestellung ist.
Perspektive eines PrEP-Beraters auf die PrEP
Authors: Kayser Arne 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungArne Kayser arbeitet als Sexualberater bei der Aidshilfe Bochum am WIR-Zentrum Bochum. Im Szene-Jargon zuweilen liebevoll-ironisch als „PrEP-Mutti von Bochum“ tituliert, hat er bislang knapp 200 PrEP-Nutzende begleitet und hat eine spezielle PrEP-Sprechstunde – die PrEPstunde – entwickelt, die sich großer Beliebtheit erfreut.
Gastrosplenic Fistula without Malignancy Management in a 16-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Malik Aila , Onwubiko Chinwendu , Chen Mike , Radulescu Andrei , Galloway David , Martin Colin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGastrosplenic fistula is a very rare entity, most commonly occurring as a distinctive complication of splenic or gastric malignancies, most notably diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Benign gastric ulcer, splenic abscess, and Crohn's disease have also been reported as possible causes. We report a nonmalignant case of 16-year–old male with a gastrosplenic fistula of unclear etiology. The fistulous tract was confirmed by an upper endoscopy and an upper gastrointestinal series. Subsequently, it was surgically managed with a subtotal gastrectomy with “Roux-en-Y” reconstruction and a feeding jejunostomy.
Modeling a Clinical Pathway for Contraception
Authors: Sooter Letha J. , Hasley Steve , Lario Robert , Rubin Kenneth S. , Hasić Faruk 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced a 72-page document titled “U.S. Selective Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use” in 2016. This document contains the medical eligibility criteria (MEC) for contraceptive initiation or continuation based on a patient's current health status. Notations such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Decision Model and Notation (DMN) might be useful to model such recommendations.
Objective Our objective was to use BPMN and DMN to model and standardize the processes and decisions involved in initiating birth control according to the CDC's MEC for birth control initiation. This model could then be incorporated into an electronic health records system or other digital platform.
Methods Medical terminology, processes, and decisions were modeled in coordination with the CDC to ensure correctness. Challenges in terminology bindings were identified and categorized.
Results A model was successfully produced. Integration of clearly defined data elements proved to be the biggest challenge.
Conclusion BPMN and DMN have strengths and weaknesses when modeling medical processes; however, they can be used to successfully create models for clinical pathways.