bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization-independent, lithium-niobate-on-insulator directional coupler based on a combined coupling-sections design
Authors: Zhang Lei , Fu Xin , Yang Lin 
Published: September 2020

We have proposed a polarization-independent directional coupler (DC) by using sections with optimal coupling strength designs on the lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform. With this design, arbitrary polarization-independent coupling ratio ranging from 0% to 100% can be achieved by tuning the length of the identical coupling region. The DC exhibits ultralow excess losses (

<

0.1

d
B

) and polarization-dependent losses (

<

0.05

d
B

for the complete coupling) over a bandwidth of 100 nm. Moreover, the proposed DC is compact in size, simple in structure, and easy to fabricate.
Compact and low-loss 1 × 3 polarization-insensitive optical power splitter using cascaded tapered silicon waveguides
Authors: Li Hongxiang , Chen Weiwei , Wang Pengjun , Dai Shixun , Liu Yuxiao , Fu Qiang , Li Jun , Li Yan , Dai Tingge , Yu Hui , Yang Jianyi 
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, a

1

×

3

polarization-insensitive optical power splitter based on cascaded tapered silicon waveguides is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. By utilizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the finite difference time domain method, the structural parameters of the coupling regions are carefully designed to achieve polarization-insensitive property, compact size, low insertion loss, high uniformity, and broad bandwidth. The coupling length can be as short as 7.3 µm. Our measurement results show that, at 1550 nm, the insertion losses of the fabricated device operating in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations are, respectively, 0.068 dB and 0.62 dB. Within a bandwidth from 1525 to 1575 nm, the insertion loss is lower than 0.82 dB and the uniformity is less than 1 dB for the fabricated device operating in TE polarization, while the fabricated device operating in TM polarization can have an insertion loss smaller than 1.50 dB and a uniformity lower than 1 dB from 1528 to 1582 nm.
Ultrafast green thin-disk laser exceeding 1.4  kW of average power
Authors: Röcker Christoph , Loescher André , Bienert Florian , Villeval Philippe , Lupinski Dominique , Bauer Dominik , Killi Alexander , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan 
Published: September 2020

We present an ultrafast laser with a near-diffraction-limited beam quality delivering more than 1.4 kW of average power in the visible spectral range. The laser is based on second harmonic generation in a lithium triborate crystal of a Yb:YAG thin-disk multipass amplifier emitting more than 2 kW of average power in the infrared.
On some classes of generalized Schrödinger equations
Authors: Correa Leão Amanda S. S. , Morbach Joelma , Santos Andrelino V. , Santos Júnior João R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Some classes of generalized Schrödinger stationary problems are studied. Under appropriated conditions is proved the existence of at least 1 +

∑

i
=
2

m

$\begin{array}{}
\sum_{i=2}^{m}
\end{array}$

dim V
λ
i

pairs of nontrivial solutions if a parameter involved in the equation is large enough, where V
λ
i

denotes the eigenspace associated to the i-th eigenvalue λ
i
of laplacian operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition.
Aristotle’s Disturbing Relatives
Authors: Moon Kyungnam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInCategories7, Aristotle gives two different accounts of relatives, and presents the principle of cognitive symmetry, which seems to help distinguish between relatives and some secondary substances. I suggest that the long-disputed difference between the two accounts lies in a difference in the determination of the categorial status of the object in question, and I formulate the principle of cognitive symmetry such that it plays a crucial role in making explicit how one conceptualizes the categorial status of the object. I then set out some consequences following from this understanding for certain interpretive issues, such as the unity of theCategories.
Generalised Iwasawa invariants and the growth of class numbers
Authors: Kleine Sören 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the generalised Iwasawa invariants of

ℤ
p
d

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{d}}

-extensions of a fixed number field K. Based on an inequality between ranks of finitely generated torsion

ℤ
p

⁢

[

[

T
1

,
…
,

T
d

]

]

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}[\kern-2.133957pt[T_{1},\dots,T_{d}]\kern-2.133957pt]}

-modules and their corresponding elementary modules, we prove that these invariants are locally maximal with respect to a suitable topology on the set of

ℤ
p
d

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{d}}

-extensions of K, i.e., that the generalised Iwasawa invariants of a

ℤ
p
d

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{d}}

-extension

𝕂

{\mathbb{K}}

of K bound the invariants of all

ℤ
p
d

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{d}}

-extensions of K in an open neighbourhood of

𝕂

{\mathbb{K}}

. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic growth formula for the class numbers of the intermediate fields in certain

ℤ
p
2

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{2}}

-extensions, which improves former results of Cuoco and Monsky. We also briefly discuss the impact of generalised Iwasawa invariants on the global boundedness of Iwasawa λ-invariants.
Optimal sup norm bounds for newforms on GL2 with maximally ramified central character
Authors: Comtat Félicien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently, the problem of bounding the sup norms of

L
2

{L^{2}}

-normalized cuspidal automorphic newforms
ϕ on

GL
2

{\mathrm{GL}_{2}}

in the level aspect has received much attention.
However at the moment strong upper bounds are only available if the central character χ of ϕ is not
too highly ramified.
In this paper, we establish a uniform upper bound in the level aspect for general χ.
If the level N is a square, our result reduces to

∥
ϕ
∥

∞

≪

N

1
4

+
ϵ

,

\|\phi\|_{\infty}\ll N^{\frac{1}{4}+\epsilon},

at least under the Ramanujan Conjecture.
In particular, when χ has conductor N, this improves upon the previous best known bound

∥
ϕ
∥

∞

≪

N

1
2

+
ϵ

{\|\phi\|_{\infty}\ll N^{\frac{1}{2}+\epsilon}}

in this setup (due to [A. Saha,
Hybrid sup-norm bounds for Maass newforms of powerful level,
Algebra Number Theory 11 2017, 1009–1045])
and matches a lower bound due to [N. Templier,
Large values of modular forms,
Camb. J. Math. 2 2014, 1, 91–116], thus our result is essentially optimal in
this case.
Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services
Authors: Denno Donna M. , Plesons Marina , Chandra-Mouli Venkatraman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite recognition of the important role of health workers in providing adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (AFSRHS), evidence on strategies for improving performance is limited. This review sought to address: (1) which interventions are used to improve health worker performance in delivering AFSRHS? and (2) how effective are these interventions in improving AFSRHS health worker performance and client outcomes?

Methods
Building on a 2015 review, a search for literature on 18 previously identified programs was conducted to identify updated literature and data relevant to this review. Data was systematically extracted and analyzed.

Results
Due to the parent review’s eligibility criteria, all programs included health worker training. Otherwise, supervision was the most frequently reported intervention used (n=10). Components and methods related to quality of trainings and supervision varied considerably in program reports. Nearly half of programs described employing processes to ensure availability of basic medicines and supplies (n=7). Other interventions (policies, standards, and job descriptions [n=5]; refresher trainings [n=5]; job aids or other reference material [n=3]) were less commonly reported to have been employed. No discernible patterns emerged in the relationship between interventions and outcomes of interest.

Conclusions
Multi-faceted complementary strategies are recommended to improve health worker performance to deliver AFSRHS; however, this was uncommonly reported in the programs that we reviewed. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions and intervention packages are needed to guide efficient use of limited resources to enhance health worker capacity to deliver AFSRHS. In the interim, programs should be developed and implemented based on available existing evidence on improving health worker performance within and outside adolescent health.

Implications and contribution
This review is the first to examine the interventions commonly used to improve health worker performance in delivering AFSRHS. The findings indicate a need for additional effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluations of such interventions. In the meantime, existing evidence on improving health worker performance within and outside adolescent health must be integrated more thoughtfully into program planning and implementation.
The Neoliberal Turn: Libertarian Justice and Public Policy
Authors: Christmas Billy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper I criticize a growing movement within public policy circles that self-identifies as neoliberal. The issue I take up here is the sense in which the neoliberal label signals a turn away from libertarian political philosophy. The are many import ant figures in this movement, but my focus here will be on Will Wilkinson of the Niskanen Center, not least because he has most prolifically written against libertarian political philosophy. Neoliberals oppose the idea that the rights that libertarianism claims people have are useful guides for making the world a freer place because they forestall too much governmental/democratic political action that they purport to be necessary for increasing freedom. Wilkinson mistakenly takes libertarianism to be a set of ideal public policies for achieving a perfectly free society. If it were, he would be right to turn away from it. But placing rights to freedom at the center of their theory of justice does not commit libertarians to an all-or-nothing approach to political change. Consequences and strategy matter – particularly in a non-ideal world – without abandoning the idea that each individual has a right to freedom. In mistaking libertarian moral claims as a set of policy prescriptions, Wilkinson complains that idealistic policy prescriptions not only fail to take account of how those who disagree will respond to such policies if implemented, but also thereby undermines the justice of those policies in the first instance. Wilkinson proposes that change in the direction of freedom must go through the proper channels of actually-existing democratic legitimacy. It as this stage that Wilkinson’s project comes into direct conflict with libertarianism. Whilst libertarianism is not committed to any particular method of creating a free society under non-ideal conditions, and therefore does not rule out democratic political activism as one among many means of doing that, it cannot be committed to the permanence of democratic political authority, and this is what Wilkinson’s neoliberalism demands above all else. It turns out that Foucault’s characterization of neoliberalism long ago is still accurate to Wilkinson’s own view: that neoliberalism is not about creating a society of free individuals, it is about designing the state apparatus in ways that are inspired by the workings of free society – it is about legitimizing the chains, not breaking them. Neoliberalism is not a pragmatic alternative to libertarianism, but rather a gross misapplication of it.
Functional imaging with 11C-metomidate PET for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Soinio Minna , Luukkonen Anna-Kaarina , Seppänen Marko , Kemppainen Jukka , Seppänen Janne , Pienimäki Juha-Pekka , Leijon Helena , Vesterinen Tiina , Arola Johanna , Lantto Eila , Helin Semi , Tikkanen Ilkka , Metso Saara , Mirtti Tuomas , Heiskanen Ilkka , Norvio Leena , Tiikkainen Mirja , Tikkanen Tuula , Sane Timo , Välimäki Matti , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E , Pörsti Ilkka , Nuutila Pirjo , Nevalainen Pasi I , Matikainen Niina 
Published: September 2020

Objective
Endocrine Society guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary aldosteronism (PA) if adrenalectomy is considered. We tested whether functional imaging of adrenal cortex with 11C-metomidate (11C-MTO) could offer a noninvasive alternative to AVS in the subtype classification of PA.

Design
We prospectively recruited 58 patients with confirmed PA who were eligible for adrenal surgery.

Methods
Subjects underwent AVS and 11C-MTO-PET without dexamethasone pretreatment in random order. The lateralization of 11C-MTO-PET and adrenal CT were compared with AVS in all subjects and in a prespecified adrenalectomy subgroup in which the diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining for CYP11B2.

Results
In the whole study population, the concordance of AVS and 11C-MTO-PET was 51% and did not differ from that of AVS and adrenal CT (53%). The concordance of AVS and 11C-MTO-PET was 55% in unilateral and 44% in bilateral PA. In receiver operating characteristics analysis, the maximum standardized uptake value ratio of 1.16 in 11C-MTO-PET had an AUC of 0.507 (P = n.s.) to predict allocation to adrenalectomy or medical therapy with sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 44%. In the prespecified adrenalectomy subgroup, AVS and 11C-MTO-PET were concordant in 10 of 19 subjects with CYP11B2-positive adenoma and in 6 of 10 with CYP11B2-positivity without an adenoma.

Conclusions
The concordance of 11C-MTO-PET with AVS was clinically suboptimal, and did not outperform adrenal CT. In a subgroup with CYP11B2-positive adenoma, 11C-MTO-PET identified 53% of cases. 11C-MTO-PET appeared to be inferior to AVS for subtype classification of PA.
La imaginación, una vía para pensar la educación de las nuevas generaciones
Authors: Bonilla Sainz Nahomi 
Published: September 2020

Hoy en día visualizar un panorama diferente es de lo que menos se encargan los jóvenes, engullidos en un vertiginoso y voraz mundo, dan por sentado su presente y su futuro, la transformación de dicho panorama empieza hoy, imaginando una realidad diferente, un paisaje más colorido y afable, los docentes podemos ser detonadores para que las nuevas generaciones imaginen horizontes diferentes, permeados de diálogo, respeto, libertad, entendimiento y multiplicidad.
Conciencia corporal en el desarrollo de habilidades motrices en estudiantes de primer ciclo de la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación de la Universidad Santo Tomás
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Vivian Johana 
Published: September 2020

La presente investigación nace de la inquietud que se genera en la autora al evidenciar el desempeño de los estudiantes en las diferentes clases como Artes Dancísticas, Expresión Corporal y Artística, y algunos entrenamientos de diferentes selecciones de la Universidad; también al desconocimiento y la falta de interés que existe, no solo en sus estudiantes sino en los maestros de la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación de la Universidad Santo Tomás frente al tema de conciencia corporal y movimiento. Teniendo como base la importancia de ambos temas y la diferencia que se generaría no solo en los practicantes de los diferentes deportes, sino también en la facultad al implementar en sus clases, tanto prácticas como teóricas, estos conocimientos.
Cambios en la condición física en estudiantes que ingresan al programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación Cohorte 2013-I
Authors: Castro-Jiménez Laura Elizabeth , Argüello-Gutiérrez Yenni Paola , Vásquez Nicole , Valderrama Jose , Tovar Heider , Godoy Oskar , Sabogal Daiver 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo.Determinar los cambios existentes en la condición física, en la cohorte de estudiantes de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación del 2013-I a 2017-I.Metodología.Estudio de corte cuantitativo, con una cohorte de seguimiento prospectivo desde el 2013-I hasta el 2017-I, con alcance descriptivo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron, estudiantes de la Facultad, quienes hayan permanecido activos desde el ingreso hasta la fecha del corte. Los componentes que se evaluaron fueron la fuerza (a través de dinamometría), flexibilidad (test de Wells) y agilidad (prueba de obstáculos y adaptación al balón) Resultados. Se inicio el seguimiento en el 2013-1 a 153 estudiantes hasta el 2017-1, los cuales terminaron 38 estudiantes. Se encontró una disminución de los valores de fin de carrera de las pruebas de flexibilidad (media pre 8.51 y post 3), prueba de obstáculos (media pre 31,35 seg y post 43.61 seg). Conclusión.Las pruebas de fuerza de mano y adaptación al balón mejoró su media, pero sus rangos disminuyeron con respecto a la prueba de inicio. Finalmente, mejoró los valores de la fuerza de espalda.
Presencia de lesiones en el entrenamiento físico mílitar. una experiencia de investigación en la escuela militar de cadetes general josé maría cordova
Authors: Castro Jiménez Laura Elizabeth , Melo Buitrago Paula Janyn 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. El militar que está en proceso de formación es sometido a altas exigencias físicas, mentales y psicológicas que se ven aumentadas por el tiempo de concentración, por las horas de entrenamiento y la densidad de las actividades. Es por lo anterior, que el proceso de entrenamiento se asemeja al de altos logros por su duración mayor a seis meses de forma consecutiva y de forma diaria, de esta manera el militar presenta un riesgo mayor a la aparición de lesiones, las cuales pueden llevar a procesos de recuperación lentos y generar en algunos casos la deserción de éste. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer las lesiones producto del entrenamiento físico militar en la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova. Metodología.Este estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, de corte descriptivo. Se diseñó una encuesta para conocer las lesiones producto del entrenamiento físico militar. Resultados.Dentro de los resultados se evidencia que muchas de las lesiones presentadas son por sobre-entrenamiento y sobreesfuerzo, por parte de los militares al mando o de los mismos cadetes, motivados por sobresalir, tener mejores condiciones al interior de la Escuela o por cumplir órdenes extras que en su mayoría son ejercicios físicos por acciones en contra de su reglamento. Conclusiones. Esta es una población que generalmente no se toma en cuenta en el área de la actividad física y el deporte por ser la fuerza que protege al país y se desconoce el contexto en que se deben entrenar y las consecuencias de ellos para salir a brindar un servicio al país.
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Serology in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
Authors: Rostad Christina A. , Chahroudi Ann , Mantus Grace , Lapp Stacey A. , Teherani Mehgan , Macoy Lisa , Tarquinio Keiko M. , Basu Rajit K. , Kao Carol , Linam W. Matthew , Zimmerman Matthew G. , Shi Pei-Yong , Menachery Vineet D. , Oster Matthew E. , Edupuganti Srilatha , Anderson Evan J. , Suthar Mehul S. , Wrammert Jens , Jaggi Preeti 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to measure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological responses in children hospitalized with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) compared with those with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), those with Kawasaki disease (KD), and hospitalized pediatric controls.

METHODS:
From March 17, 2020, to May 26, 2020, we prospectively identified hospitalized children with MIS-C (n = 10), symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 10), and KD (n = 5) and hospitalized controls (n = 4) at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. With institutional review board approval, we obtained prospective and residual blood samples from these children and measured SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (IgG), full-length spike IgG, and nucleocapsid protein antibodies using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using live-virus focus-reduction neutralization assays. We statistically compared the log-transformed antibody titers among groups and performed linear regression analyses.

RESULTS:
All children with MIS-C had high titers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies, which correlated with full-length spike IgG antibodies (R2 = 0.956; P &lt; .001), nucleocapsid protein antibodies (R2 = 0.846; P &lt; .001), and neutralizing antibodies (R2 = 0.667; P &lt; .001). Children with MIS-C had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibody titers (geometric mean titer 6800; 95% confidence interval 3495–13 231) than children with COVID-19 (geometric mean titer 626; 95% confidence interval 251–1563; P &lt; .001), children with KD (geometric mean titer 124; 95% confidence interval 91–170; P &lt; .001), and hospitalized controls (geometric mean titer 85; P &lt; .001). All children with MIS-C also had detectable RBD immunoglobulin M antibodies, indicating recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. RBD IgG titers correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R2 = 0.512; P &lt; .046) and with hospital (R2 = 0.548; P = .014) and ICU lengths of stay (R2 = 0.590; P = .010).

CONCLUSIONS:
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serology may have a role in establishing the diagnosis of MIS-C, distinguishing it from similar clinical entities, and stratifying risk for adverse outcomes.
A zsírdús étrend indukálta steatosis és a bél–máj tengely változásai
Authors: Blázovics Anna , Sipos Péter , Kocsis Ibolya , Fébel Hedvig , Kleiner Dénes , Szentmihályi Klára , Fehér Erzsébet 
Published: September 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: A zsírmáj kialakulhat betegségek, műtétek,
gyógyszerek, éhezés vagy túlzott mértékű alkoholfogyasztás következtében, de a
helytelen táplálkozást, a zsírbő és rostszegény étkezést tartják az elsődleges
oknak. A nem alkoholos zsírmájbetegség a lakosság 20–30%-át érintheti. A
táplálkozási eredetű zsírmájat korai stádiumban általában szövődménymentes
májkárosodásnak írják le. Célkitűzés: Kutatásaink célja a
zsírdús táplálkozás bél–máj tengelyre gyakorolt hatásának a feltérképezése volt.
Módszerek: Rutinlaboratóriumi, analitikai és szövettani
módszerekkel patkányokban vizsgáltuk a bél és a máj redoxparamétereit, valamint
a máj zsírsavösszetételét és elemtartalmát. Eredmények: A máj
elzsírosodása során a vérszérumban mérhető májenzim- és metabolitértékek
eltérései mellett a redox-homeosztázis mutatóiban is szignifikáns változások
igazolódtak. Változás volt kimutatható a májban, a vérben és a belekben. A máj
elzsírosodásának folyamata együtt jár a transzmetiláló képesség csökkenésével.
Megváltozott a zsírsavösszetétel és a fémion-homeosztázis is a májban.
Szövettani vizsgálatoknál a májlobulusok centrális részén a hepatocyták
megduzzadtak, bennük zsírcseppek láthatók, piknotikus sejtmagok alakultak ki,
ami a zsíros elfajulásra jellemző. A vékony- és vastagbél enterocytái sérültek,
helyenként lelökődtek a felszínről, és gyulladásos reakciók figyelhetők meg a
nyálkahártyában. Következtetés: Eredményeink alapján
leszögezhető, hogy a zsírdús diéta okozta steatosis már korai stádiumban sem
tekinthető egyszerűen reverzibilis változásnak, mert a változások kedvezőtlenül
befolyásolják az egész szervezet redox-homeosztázisát, és egyben alapját
képezhetik súlyos szív- és metabolikus betegségeknek, valamint siettethetik a
gastrointestinalis tumorok kialakulását. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(35):
1456–1465.