bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective and randomized comparative study of calcium hydroxylapatite vs calcium hydroxylapatite plus HIFU in treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne scars
Authors: Antonino Araco , Francesco Araco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne scars are the most common sequelae of the severe inflammatory process of acne, and its managing is a challenge. Objective of this study was to assess safety and effectiveness of calcium hydroxylapatite monotherapy and its association with high‐intensity microfocused ultrasound for treating moderate‐to‐severe atrophic acne scars.MethodsWomen with moderate‐to‐severe atrophic scars of the face were enrolled on the study. Assessments were made by digital macrophotographs, Vectra H2, and Antera 3D.ResultsFrom October to December 2019, twenty women which fitted the inclusion criteria signed a consent form and received 3.0 mL of calcium hydroxylapatite and after 4 weeks, 400 lines of HIFU. No major side effects were reported during the study, and all patients completed the follow‐up after 6 months. At 1 month, patients treated with calcium hydroxylapatite (group 1) improved wrinkles and skin texture compared to placebo (group 2). At 3 and 6 months, all patients improved acne scars.ConclusionOur study showed that that both calcium hydroxylapatite and HIFU in monotherapy were safe and effective treatments for atrophic scar acne. Calcium hydroxylapatite was clinically effective when compared with placebo, though the combination of calcium hydroxylapatite and HIFU did not enhance the clinical efficacy compared to monotherapy.
Use of oral anticoagulants after ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer
Authors: Atterman A. , Asplund K. , Friberg L. , Engdahl J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) amongst patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased in the last decade. We aimed to describe temporal trends in the utilization of OACs for secondary prevention after ischaemic stroke amongst patients with AF and active cancer.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional and cohort study of patients with active cancer (n = 1518) and without cancer (n = 50 953) in the Swedish national register Riksstroke, including all patients with ischaemic stroke between 1 July 2005 and 30 December 2017, discharged with AF. Prescription and dispensation before and after the introduction of nonvitamin K OACs (NOACs) in late 2011 were compared. We used logistic and Cox regression to analyse associations with OAC use, adjusting for hospital clustering and the competing risk of death.ResultsThe proportion of cancer patients with AF prescribed OACs at discharge after ischaemic stroke increased by 40.2% after 2011, compared with 69.3% in noncancer patients during the same period. Stroke and bleeding risk scores remained similar between patients with and without cancer. OAC dispensation during the following year did not increase as much in cancer patients (43.8% to 64.5%) as that in noncancer patients (46.0% to 74.9%), and the median time to OAC dispensation or censoring was significantly longer in cancer patients (94 vs. 30 days).ConclusionOAC treatment in poststroke patients with AF and active cancer has increased after the introduction of NOACs. However, the growing treatment gap in these patients compared to that in noncancer patients raises the possibility of underutilization.
Crime highways: The effect of motorway expansion on burglary rates
Authors: Agnew Kerri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBurglars can exploit a high‐quality road network to transport stolen goods quickly. To study the effect of motorway connections on burglary rates, spatial variation in connectivity to the motorway network and the timing of new connections are exploited using an annual panel of 562 policing Sub Districts in Ireland during 2004–2015. On average, burglary rates rise by 10% in the year of motorway connection. This paper shows for the first time that major road construction affects the spatial distribution of crime.
Ruminal degradation and estimated energy and protein values for ruminants of Durum wheat varieties grown in three locations
Authors: Krieg Jochen , Titze Natascha , Steingass Herbert , Friedrich H. Longin C. , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDurum wheat is mainly used in pasta production, but may also be used as animal feed, for example as concentrate for dairy cows. Data on the ruminal degradation of Durum grains are scarce. Hence, the objective of the present study was to describe ruminal in situ crude protein (CP) and starch (ST) degradation, to investigate in vitro gas production kinetics, and to estimate utilisable CP at the duodenum (uCP) in vitro of five Durum varieties from three growing locations. Metabolisable energy (ME) and digestibility of organic matter (dOM) were also estimated using in vitro data. In situ incubations were conducted in three lactating jersey cows over defined timespans from 1 to 72 hr. Ruminal degradation parameters were estimated using exponential regression, and effective ruminal degradation was predicted for a ruminal passage rate of 8%/hr (ED8). In situ CP (a = 11%–19%; b = 80%–88%; c = 23%–33%/hr) and ST (a = 22%–39%; b = 60%–78%; c = 61%–123%/hr) degradation kinetics varied among samples and were influenced by location. Some samples showed a remarkably high ST degradation rate of up to 123%/h, which can significantly influence rumen pH and health when high amounts are incorporated into dairy rations. However, the ED of CP (77%–82%) and ST (91%–95%), and the in vitro estimates of ME (13.6–14.1 MJ/kg DM), dOM (92%–96%), and uCP (183–195 k/g DM) varied within a relatively small range. Hence, it may be adequate to use the mean values of these Durum grain characteristics when rations for ruminants are calculated and a differentiation depending on variety and location may not be necessary.
The PNPLA3‐I148M variant increases polyunsaturated triglycerides in human adipose tissue
Authors: Qadri Sami , Lallukka‐Brück Susanna , Luukkonen Panu K. , Zhou You , Gastaldelli Amalia , Orho‐Melander Marju , Sammalkorpi Henna , Juuti Anne , Penttilä Anne K. , Perttilä Julia , Hakkarainen Antti , Lehtimäki Tiina E. , Orešič Matej , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Hodson Leanne , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Yki‐Järvinen Hannele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe I148M variant in PNPLA3 is the major genetic risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The liver is enriched with polyunsaturated triglycerides (PUFA‐TGs) in PNPLA3‐I148M carriers. Gene expression data indicate that PNPLA3 is liver‐specific in humans, but whether it functions in adipose tissue (AT) is unknown. We investigated whether PNPLA3‐I148M modifies AT metabolism in human NAFLD.MethodsProfiling of the AT lipidome and fasting serum non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) composition was conducted in 125 volunteers (PNPLA3148MM/MI, n = 63; PNPLA3148II, n = 62). AT fatty acid composition was determined in 50 volunteers homozygous for the variant (PNPLA3148MM, n = 25) or lacking the variant (PNPLA3148II, n = 25). Whole‐body insulin sensitivity of lipolysis was determined using [2H5]glycerol, and PNPLA3 mRNA and protein levels were measured in subcutaneous AT and liver biopsies in a subset of the volunteers.ResultsPUFA‐TGs were significantly increased in AT in carriers versus non‐carriers of PNPLA3‐I148M. The variant did not alter the rate of lipolysis or the composition of fasting serum NEFAs. PNPLA3 mRNA was 33‐fold higher in the liver than in AT (P < .0001). In contrast, PNPLA3 protein levels per tissue protein were three‐fold higher in AT than the liver (P < .0001) and nine‐fold higher when related to whole‐body AT and liver tissue masses (P < .0001).ConclusionsContrary to previous assumptions, PNPLA3 is highly abundant in AT. PNPLA3‐I148M locally remodels AT TGs to become polyunsaturated as it does in the liver, without affecting lipolysis or composition of serum NEFAs. Changes in AT metabolism do not contribute to NAFLD in PNPLA3‐I148M carriers.
Qarabawi’s Camel Charm: Tracing the meteoritic origins of a cultural artifact
Authors: Mayne Rhiannon G. , Corrigan Catherine M. , McCoy Timothy J. , Day James M. D. , Rose Timothy R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQarabawi’s Camel Charm was acquired from Abdullah Qarabawi of the Ababda tribe of eastern Egypt. The charm consists of a chain with four links and an ~6.5 cm diameter flattened disk with the Arabic inscription “Allahu Akbar,” which translates as “God is Greatest.” Belief in the evil eye is prevalent among the Ababda, even to the modern day, and as men identify camels and the cultural objects and activities related to them as one of their most important possessions, charms and amulets are often used to ward off its influence. Nondestructive analyses of the disk and metallographic examination of the distal link reveal a deformed medium octahedral pattern, confirming the meteoritic origin of the Camel Charm. Major, minor, and trace element compositions are consistent with classification as a IIIAB iron. Combined heating to modest temperatures (~600 °C) and cold working were used in the manufacture of the Camel Charm. Although compositionally similar to the Wabar IIIAB irons, chemical differences, the significant distance between Wabar and eastern Egypt, and the lack of established trade routes suggest that the Camel Charm source material was a meteorite unknown as an unworked specimen. This meteorite has been given the name Wadi El Gamal, the name of a National Park in the Ababda homelands.
A ketocarotenoid‐based colour polymorphism in the Sira poison frog Ranitomeya sirensis indicates novel gene interactions underlying aposematic signal variation
Authors: Twomey Evan , Johnson James D. , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago , Van Bocxlaer Ines 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe accumulation of red ketocarotenoids is an important component of coloration in many organisms, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In some organisms, ketocarotenoids are sequestered from the diet and can accumulate when enzymes responsible for carotenoid breakdown are disrupted. In other organisms, ketocarotenoids are formed endogenously from dietary precursors via oxidation reactions carried out by carotenoid ketolase enzymes. Here, we study the genetic basis of carotenoid coloration in an amphibian. We demonstrate that a red/yellow polymorphism in the dendrobatid poison frog Ranitomeya sirensis is due to the presence/absence of ketocarotenoids. Using whole‐transcriptome sequencing of skins and livers, we found that a transcript encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A80) is expressed 3.4‐fold higher in livers of red frogs versus yellow. As CYP3A enzymes are known carotenoid ketolases in other organisms, our results point to CYP3A80 as a strong candidate for a carotenoid ketolase in amphibians. Furthermore, in red frogs, the transcript encoding the carotenoid cleavage enzyme BCO2 is expressed at a low level or as a splice variant lacking key catalytic amino acids. This suggests that BCO2 function may be disrupted in red frogs, providing a mechanism whereby the accumulation of ketocarotenoids and their dietary precursors may be enhanced.
Galactomannan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids: A diagnostic approach for fungus ball in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Gheisari Maryam , Basharzad Niloofar , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Pourabdollah Mihan , Ansari Saham , Mortezaee Vida , Abastabar Mahdi , Jafarzadeh Jalal , Haghani Iman , Hedayati Mohammad T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral previous studies have shown cavitary lung lesions in old pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) increase the risk of fungus ball. Detection of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is also proposed as a diagnostic approach for the fungus ball.ObjectivesWe evaluated the diagnosis of fungus balls and GM levels in BAL samples in PTB patients.MethodsA total of 110 PTB patients were evaluated for fungus ball during 2017‐2019. The patients were evaluated for radiological, histopathological results and mycological findings of BAL including GM detection and culture. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value for GM test were calculated. The optimal cut‐off for BAL GM testing was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC).ResultsOf 110 PTB patients, nine (8.18%) showed fungus ball, all with old PTB. The molecularly confirmed Aspergillus species were A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. ochraceus. The sensitivity and specificity of BAL GM ≥ 0.5 in old PTB patients with fungus ball were 100%, 41.5%, respectively. The statistical analysis of the mean ± SEM of BAL GM levels was demonstrated a higher levels of GM in patients with fungus ball/aspergilloma compared to old PTB patients without fungus ball/aspergilloma. The optimal cut‐off value for BAL GM was determined as 0.50 by ROC curve analysis.ConclusionAccording to our results, we can recommend the detection of GM in BAL samples as a diagnostic approach for fungus ball in PTB patients.
Intensification of the global water cycle and evidence from ocean salinity: a synthesis review
Authors: Yu Lisan , Josey Simon A. , Bingham Frederick M. , Lee Tong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ocean plays a dominant role in the global water cycle. It is the center of action for global evaporation and precipitation and supplies the moisture that falls as continental precipitation. It also acts to some extent as nature's rain gauge, as it tells us about the long‐term changes in the global water cycle through monitoring of the changes in ocean surface salinity. As climate warms, the global water cycle is expected to intensify as a result of the strong nonlinear dependence of water vapor pressure (moisture‐holding capacity) on temperature. Such change is of great concern, as it has profound socioeconomic impacts throughout the globe. Despite the evidence of an intensified global water cycle, two important questions remain: What is the pattern of the warming‐induced intensification of the water cycle? and What is the rate of intensification? Our article provides a synthesis review of recent progress in diagnosing and understanding the changes in both the global water cycle and ocean salinity in recent decades. Targeted numerical ocean model experiments are also reviewed to provide insights into the response of salinity to the changes in evaporation‐minus‐precipitation flux, meltwater runoff, and ocean warming.
Projected changes in flooding: a continental U.S. perspective
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur study focuses on the projected changes in annual and seasonal maximum daily runoff (used as a proxy for flooding) across the continental United States based on outputs from eight global climate models (GCMs) from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Analyses performed at the regional scale indicate that the GCMs are generally able to reproduce the observed changes in runoff extremes, especially at the seasonal scale, with no single model that outperforms the others across the different seasons and regions. Overall, annual maximum daily runoff is projected to increase during the 21st century, especially in large areas of the southeastern United States and Pacific Northwest, and to decrease in the Rocky Mountains and the northern Great Plains. The largest changes in extremes are projected to be in winter and spring, with a more muted signal for summer and fall.
Is the early mixed dentition dental arch relationship related to the anteroposterior alignment of the maxillary segments in infants with CUCLP?
Authors: Baessa Gleisieli Carla Petelinkar , Ozawa Terumi O. , Garib Daniela , Lauris Rita de Cássia Moura Carvalho , Almeida Araci Malagodi de , Pegoraro‐Krook Maria Inês , Dutka Jeniffer de Cassia Rillo , Gregorio Leonardo Vieira Lima , Sathler Renata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveMidface retrusion is a concern in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Maxillary segment alignment may influence the prognosis after corrective surgery. This study assessed the association between maxillary segment alignment and interarch relationship observed in the early mixed dentition. The null hypothesis was that there is no relation between the initial alignment of cleft segments and the width of the cleft in the infant, and the early mixed dentition interarch relationship.Setting and Sample PopulationThe sample consists of 352 children with CUCLP treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP.Material And MethodsDental models were obtained before lip repair at three months and at the age of six. Based on the first, the sample was then divided into two groups: anteroposterior aligned and anteroposterior misaligned maxillary segments. They were also divided into 4 groups according to the cleft width (Narrow, Medium, Wide and Very Wide). Interarch relationship was graded using the 5‐year‐old index. The statistical association was evaluated using the chi‐squared test (P < .05).ResultsCleft width was inversely related to interarch relationship in the early mixed dentition phase. Interarch relationship at the age of six was more favourable in children with misaligned maxillary segments than in children with aligned segments (P = .048).ConclusionFive‐year interarch relationship in patients with CUCLP is related to the anteroposterior relationship of infant maxillary segments and initial cleft width before primary surgeries. Wide alveolar clefts and sagittally aligned maxillary segments showed a worse interarch relationship in the early mixed dentition.
Delayed maturation and reduced crown width of the permanent first mandibular molar in all subgroups of cleft lip and palate
Authors: Hermann Nuno V. , Darvann Tron A. , Kreiborg Sven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesSurgical closure of the cleft damages nerves and blood supply in the area and may possibly negatively influence dental development in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Previous studies of the permanent first mandibular molar (M1inf) in children with unilateral complete CLP found delayed maturation and decreased follicle/crown width before any surgical interventions. This study aimed to investigate if these findings are representative for the total population of individuals born with CLP.Setting and sample populationA population‐based consecutive longitudinal sample of 224 children with clefts: 183 with CLP (66 with complete [47 unilateral, 19 bilateral], 117 with incomplete [70 unilateral, 47 bilateral], and 41 with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (controls), was examined pre‐ and post‐lip closure (at 2 and 22 months of age).Material and methodsIn lateral cephalometric X‐rays (obtained as part of a standard treatment protocol), M1inf follicle maturation and follicle/crown width were assessed. Mantel‐Haenszel test and Pearson's correlation coefficient R were used to describe relationships. Differences between group means were tested using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Significance level was set to 5%.ResultsFollicle maturation was significantly delayed in all groups with CLP compared to that in controls (P < .01). Follicle and crown width were significantly reduced in all CLP groups compared with those in controls (P < .01). Sex did not influence these variables.ConclusionDelayed follicle maturation and decreased follicle/crown/tooth size were found to be part of the congenital traits characterizing individuals with all types of CLP and not a result of surgical iatrogenesis.
Impact of different selection policies on subcutaneous ICD implants and therapies
Authors: Harding Idris , Kaura Amit , Yue Arthur , Roberts Paul , Murgatroyd Francis , Scott Paul A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with existing or anticipated indications for cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), bradycardia, or anti‐tachycardia pacing should not be offered subcutaneous defibrillators (SQIDs) but it remains unclear how clinicians should predict future need for these therapies.MethodsWe applied three SQID selection policies to data collected retrospectively from transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV‐ICD) implants:(a) approach A, SQID used in inherited channelopathies and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation only;(b) approach B, as above, plus all hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and grown‐up congenital heart disease patients;(c) approach C, as above, plus primary and secondary prevention (for ventricular fibrillation only) of SCD in patients with QRS <150 ms. Approach C reflects current ESC and AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines.Results338 of 951 patients with TV‐ICD were considered for SQID after excluding 613 patients with contraindications. Approaches A, B, and C yielded 45 (4.7%), 89 (9.4%), and 338 (35.5%) patients suitable for SQID, respectively. Use of SQID resulted in more frequent ICD shocks compared to TV‐ICD with approach C only (0.43 vs 0.23 per 1000 patient‐days; P = .03). Rates of CRT upgrade were comparable across selection criteria (0, 0.03, and 0.07 per 1000 patient‐days for approaches A, B, and C, respectively; P = NS). Risk of early mortality was higher when more liberal inclusion criteria were used (P = .003).ConclusionsOne in three patients receiving ICDs may be suitable for SQID under current ESC and AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines. This proportion is influenced significantly by the selection criteria used, and the criteria used by a physician should be informed by the estimated survival of the patient, risk of shocks for MVT, future pacing, and CRT requirements.
Cycles of Gender Convergence and Divergence in Drug Overdose Mortality
Authors: Ho Jessica Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe United States is 25 years into a large‐scale drug overdose epidemic, yet its consequences for gender differences remain largely unexplored. This study finds that drug overdose mortality increased seven‐ and fivefold for men and women, respectively; accounts for 0.8‐year (men) and 0.4‐year (women) deficits in life expectancy at birth in 2017; and has made an increasing contribution (from 1 percent to 17 percent) to women's life expectancy advantage at the prime adult ages between 1990 and 2017. I document a distinctive cyclicality to sex differences in drug overdose. During the epidemic's early stages—the heyday of prescription opioids—gender differences narrowed, but once the epidemic transitioned to illicit drugs in 2010, gender differences widened again. This pattern holds across racial/ethnic groups, and in fact may be even stronger among Hispanics and non‐Hispanic blacks than among non‐Hispanic whites. That we observe this gender dynamic across racial/ethnic groups is surprising since very different trends in drug overdose mortality have been observed for whites versus other groups. The contemporary epidemic is a case of dynamic change in gender differences, and the differential mortality risks experienced by men and women reflect gendered social norms, attitudes toward risk, and patterns of diffusion.
Another Gendered Demographic Dividend: Adjusting to a Future without Sons
Authors: Allendorf Keera 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSonless families may pose a gendered demographic dividend. As fertility declines, families with only daughters are likely to grow. In turn, patriarchal family systems may weaken when many families are unable to engage in patriarchal practices. I examine some of these theorized dynamics in India. Sonless families did grow as fertility declined, reaching 10 percent in India as a whole in 2015 and approaching 20 percent in states with earlier fertility declines. I also identify a substantial influence of children's sex on mothers’ expectations of old‐age support. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey, I compare women's expectations after they had children to earlier expectations when they did not yet have children. Women with sons kept or further embraced patriarchal expectations that a son would provide support. Sonless mothers largely gave up patriarchal expectations, turning to daughters or away from children altogether.