bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial FMRP expression is sufficient to normalize neuronal hyperactivity in Fragile X neurons
Authors: Graef John D. , Wu Hao , Ng Carrie , Sun Chicheng , Villegas Vivian , Qadir Deena , Jesseman Kimberly , Warren Stephen T. , Jaenisch Rudolf , Cacace Angela , Wallace Owen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a CGG repeat expansion in the 5′‐UTR of the Fragile X mental retardation gene FMR1, triggering epigenetic silencing and the subsequent absence of the protein, FMRP. Reactivation of FMR1 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy targeting the genetic root cause of FXS. However, largely missing in the FXS field is an understanding of how much FMR1 reactivation is required to rescue FMRP‐dependent mutant phenotypes. Here, we utilize FXS patient‐derived excitatory neurons to model FXS in vitro and confirm that the absence of FMRP leads to neuronal hyperactivity. We further determined the levels of FMRP and the percentage of FMRP‐positive cells necessary to correct this phenotype utilizing a mixed and mosaic neuronal culture system and a combination of CRISPR, antisense and expression technologies to titrate FMRP in FXS and WT neurons. Our data demonstrate that restoration of greater than 5% of overall FMRP expression levels or greater than 20% FMRP‐expressing neurons in a mosaic pattern is sufficient to normalize a FMRP‐dependent, hyperactive phenotype in FXS iPSC‐derived neurons.
Functional traits explain the Hutchinsonian niches of plant species
Authors: Treurnicht Martina , Pagel Jörn , Tonnabel Jeanne , Esler Karen J. , Slingsby Jasper A. , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe Hutchinsonian niche is a foundational concept in ecology and evolutionary biology that describes fundamental characteristics of any species: the global maximum population growth rate (rmax); the niche optimum (the environment for which rmax is reached); and the niche width (the environmental range for which intrinsic population growth rates are positive). We examine whether these characteristics are related to inter‐ and intraspecific variation in functional traits.LocationCape Floristic Region, South Africa.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedTwenty‐six plant species (Proteaceae).MethodsWe measured leaf, plant‐architectural and seed traits across species geographical ranges. We then examined how species‐mean traits are related to demographically derived niche characteristics of rmax, in addition to niche optima and widths in five environmental dimensions, and how intraspecific trait variation is related to niche widths.ResultsInterspecific trait variation generally exceeded range‐wide intraspecific trait variation. Species‐mean trait values were associated with variation in rmax (R2 = 0.27) but were more strongly related to niche optima (mean R2 = 0.56). These relationships generally matched trait–environment associations described in the literature. Both species‐mean traits and intraspecific trait variability were strongly related to niche widths (R2 = 0.66 and 0.59, respectively). Moreover, niche widths increased with intraspecific trait variability. Overall, the different niche characteristics were associated with few, largely non‐overlapping sets of traits.Main conclusionsOur study relating functional traits to Hutchinsonian niches demonstrates that key demographic properties of species relate to few traits with relatively strong effects. Our results further support the hypothesis that intraspecific trait variation increases species niche widths. Given that niche characteristics were related to distinct sets of traits, different aspects of environmental change might affect axes of trait variation independently. Trait‐based studies of Hutchinsonian niches thus yield important insights into the mechanisms shaping functional biodiversity, which should reinforce the role of traits in functional biogeography.
Balancing constituency and congruence: How constituency involvement affects positional congruence between organized interests and the general public
Authors: Willems Evelien , De Bruycker Iskander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article asks to what extent and under which conditions interest groups are congruent with public opinion. We argue that interest groups can be caught in a balancing act between engaging with their constituency on the one hand and aligning their position with the broader public on the other hand. We contribute to previous studies by arguing that the effect of interest group type on congruence is moderated by the degree to which constituencies are involved in advocacy processes and the salience of policy issues. We test these expectations by analyzing 314 media claims made by Belgian interest groups regarding 58 policy issues. The results demonstrate that citizen groups with formal members are more prone to share the position of the broader public compared to concentrated interest groups such as business associations, especially if they involve their members in advocacy activities and when issues are salient in the media.
Three scenarios for the future of work
Authors: MÉDA Dominique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAfter presenting a historical overview of the concept of work and the different meanings that it has acquired over the centuries, the author analyses the value it holds for Europeans, and the impact on work and employment of the popular rhetoric about a technological revolution and its “inevitable” consequences. She then considers the future of work in the light of three scenarios: a “dismantling of labour law”, a “technological revolution” (where automation brings an end to employment), and an “environmental transition”. She argues that the latter is compatible with the imperative to take action on climate change and the expectations placed in work and employment.
Prácticas de compra predatorias en las cadenas mundiales de suministro de la industria de la confección: tensión en las relaciones laborales en la India
Authors: ANNER Mark 
Published: December 2019

ResumenDesde hace tiempo se viene documentando en múltiples estudios la vulneración de los derechos de los trabajadores en las cadenas mundiales de suministro de la industria de la confección; sin embargo, se ha prestado menos atención al reciente empeoramiento de algunos déficits de trabajo decente y sus causas, que el presente artículo asocia a las prácticas de compra predatorias derivadas de las crecientes asimetrías de poder. Estas prácticas, ilustradas aquí a través de las empresas indias del sector del vestido orientadas a la exportación, ejercen presiones salariales a la baja y favorecen la proliferación de formas atípicas de empleo y la banalización de la violencia física y verbal contra los trabajadores, al tiempo que aumentan las exigencias de productividad. Para frenar esta evolución, es necesario establecer mecanismos de fijación de precios que tengan en cuenta el costo que entraña el cumplimiento del principio del trabajo decente, adoptar una reglamentación estatal adecuada y contar con la participación de los trabajadores.
Baicalein inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes by stabilizing MARCH5 expression
Authors: Li Qi , Yu Zhongjie , Xiao Dandan , Wang Yu , Zhao Lin , An Yi , Gao Yufang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbnormal mitochondrial fission and mitophagy participate in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Baicalein is a key active component in the roots of traditional Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It has been reported that baicalein can resist cardiotoxicity induced by several stress, but the mechanisms of baicalein operate in the protection of cardiomyocytes need to be researched further. Here we report that baicalein can promote cell survival under oxidative stress by up‐regulating the expression level of MARCH5 in cardiomyocytes. Pre‐treatment cells or mice with baicalein can stabilize the expression of MARCH5, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial network and mitophagy. Overexpressed MARCH5 is able to against H2O2 and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) stress by suppressing mitochondrial fission and enhancing mitophagy, and then attenuate cells apoptosis. Altogether, our present study investigated that baicalein exerts a protective effect through regulating KLF4‐MARCH5‐Drp1 pathway, our research also provided a novel theoretical basis for the clinical application of baicalein.
Quality preservation of minimally processed pomegranate cv. Jahrom arils based on chitosan and organic acid edible coatings
Authors: Zarbakhsh Saeedeh , Kazemzadeh‐Beneh Hashem , Rastegar Somayeh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effects of chitosan (CTS), ascorbic acid (AsA), and citric acid (CtA) on quality preservation of (Punica granatum cv. “Jahrom”) processed arils were investigated. The arils were immersed in aqueous solutions including water (control), CTS (0.5 and 1%), AsA (1 and 2%), and CtA (1 and 2%) and stored at 5–7°C for 15 days. Results showed that AsA maintained water loss; inhibited color change, phenolic, and anthocyanin degradation; increased vitamin C; and decreased total soluble solids and titratable acidity as compared to control. The efficiency was better for AsA than CtA and thus the effect of CTS on quality safety except to protect water loss was approximately ineffective. AsA also exhibited a significantly lower decay percentage, probably due to the suppressing peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase followed by improving antioxidant power and maintaining catalase activity, which displayed that AsA exerts an antibrowning effect. Moreover, the positive effects of AsA result in getting a higher score in sensory quality at the end storage.
A comparative study of phenols composition, antioxidant, and antifungal potency of leaves extract from five Moroccan Vitis vinifera L. varieties
Authors: Jediyi Hicham , Naamani Khalid , Ait Elkoch Abderrahim , Dihazi Abdelhey , Lemjiber Naima 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVitis vinifera (L) crops, covers an area of about 54,000 ha corresponding to a production of 230,000 t of grapes, representing 5.5% of the national perennial corps. However, this plant is sensitive to various ravages and diseases, among others, the cryptogrammic by fungi. The degrading enzymes of the cell wall are among the factors of pathogenicity the more important than fungi use to colonize their host plants. In this study, the first step was devoted to the antioxidant activity and phenols composition (phenylalanine‐ammonia‐lyase [PAL], tyrosine‐ammonia‐lyase [TAL], flavonoids, and tannins) as well as high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis in five vineyard leaves extract, which are “Superior, Early sweet and Flame” (Allochthonous), “Abbou and Adari” (endemic). In the second step, the lytic activities “pectinase, polygalacturonase, xylanase, mannanase, glucanase, and cellulase” were investigated among six epiphytic fungus to compare their hydrolytic aggressiveness. Subsequently, as a third part, phenols antifungal potency and Trichoderma biocontrol were displayed in the study. The phenolic compounds observed in the attributes leaves were different among varieties (p < .05), and show that the endemic variety “Abbou” leads the phytochemical amount, which has the highest quantities of PAL, and TAL, as well as the DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activity, while the introduced variety show a higher amount in total phenol and flavonoids. The polygalacturonase, mannanase, and pectinase activities are probably the main factors responsible for the aggressiveness of the studied fungus. Phenols potency showed a good mycelial inhibition with 82.09% as compared to the biocontrol (64.45%). Given the efficacy of the phytochemical control in this study, the phenols could be a part of integrated management strategies for sustainable control of vineyard disease.
Inadequate Risk Adjustment Impacts Geriatricians' Performance on Medicare Cost and Quality Measures
Authors: Johnston Kenton J. , Wen Hefei , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESMedicare value‐based payment programs evaluate physicians' performance on their patients' annual Medicare costs and clinical outcomes. However, little is known about how geriatricians, who disproportionately provide care for medically complex older adults, perform on these measures.DESIGNA retrospective study using multivariable regression methods to estimate the association of geriatric risk factors with annualized Medicare costs and preventable hospitalization rates and to compare geriatricians' performance on these outcomes to other primary care physicians (PCPs) under standard Medicare risk adjustment and after adding additional adjustment for geriatric risk factors.SETTINGEight years (2006‐2013) of cohort data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.PARTICIPANTSMedicare beneficiaries, aged 65 years and older, with primary care services contributing 27 027 person‐years of data.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes were costs and preventable hospitalization rates; geriatric risk factors were patient frailty, long‐term institutionalization, dementia, and depression.RESULTSGeriatricians were more likely to care for patients with frailty (22.8% vs 14.1%), long‐term institutionalization (12.0% vs 4.7%), dementia (21.6% vs 10.2%), and depression (23.6% vs 17.4%) than other PCPs (P < .001 for each). Under standard Medicare risk adjustment, geriatricians performed more poorly on costs compared to other PCPs (observed‐expected [O‐E] ratio = 1.24 vs 0.99) and preventable hospitalizations (O‐E ratio = 1.16 vs 0.98). Adding frailty, institutionalization, dementia, and depression to risk adjustment improved geriatricians' performance on costs by 25% and on preventable hospitalization rates by 35%, relative to other PCPs. Concurrent‐year risk prediction that removed the influence of unpredictable acute events further improved geriatricians' performance vs other PCPs (O‐E ratio = 0.99 vs 1.00).CONCLUSIONMedicare should consider risk adjusting for frailty, long‐term institutionalization, dementia, and depression to avoid inappropriately penalizing geriatricians who care for vulnerable older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:297–304, 2020
Association between oxidative stress and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: A narrative review
Authors: Braz Marcylene Arruda , Freitas Portella Fernando , Seehaber Karin Astrid , Bavaresco Caren Serra , Rivaldo Elken Gomes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of oxidative stress in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been studied using synovial fluid, to evaluate oxidative stress (im)balance and its potential role in the onset and/or progression of the disease.ObjectiveThis review aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and the etiopathogenesis of TMJ dysfunction by means of synovial fluid analysis.MethodsTwo independent reviewers searched the electronic databases from inception to March 2019: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE, TRIPDATABASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The following key search terms were used: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders OR Temporomandibular Joint Disc OR Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome OR Temporomandibular Joint OR Facial Pain AND Free Radicals OR Oxidative Stress. Data were extracted from the selected articles, including study design, sample profile, TMJ disease reported, diagnostic method, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species evaluated, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants evaluated, and techniques used to measure free radicals and antioxidants.ResultsAfter title and abstract screening of 6974 results, and full‐text reading, 19 studies were included. All selected articles were cross‐sectional observational studies. Enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant defences appeared to be reduced in these patients, resulting in the establishment of the oxidative stress process. In addition, the studies showed a positive correlation between the severity of the intra‐articular TMD and the increase in oxidative damage.ConclusionThe establishment of oxidative stress, whether by an increase in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species or by a decrease in antioxidant defences, or a combination of both, may be associated with the establishment and maintenance of intra‐articular damage.
Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of meloxicam oil suspension in pigs after intramuscular administration
Authors: Li Ying , Guo Fanxi , Jiang Xiangyuan , Ren Juncai , Miao Yingxue , Ding Fangyi , Yu Zugong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to develop one novel meloxicam (MEL) oil suspension for sustained‐release and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of it with MEL conventional formulation in pigs after a single intramuscular administration. Six healthy pigs were used for the study by a crossover design in two periods with a withdrawal interval of 14 days. Plasma concentrations of MEL were measured by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The difference was statistically significant (p < .05) between MEL oil suspension and MEL conventional formulation in pharmacokinetic parameters of mean residence time (6.16 ± 4.04) hr versus (2.66 ± 0.55) hr, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) (0.82 ± 0.12) µg/ml versus (1.12 ± 0.22) µg/ml, time needed to reach Cmax (Tmax) (2.33 ± 0.82) hr versus (0.59 ± 0.18) hr, and terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) (3.74 ± 2.66) hr versus (1.55 ± 0.37) hr. The mean area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–∝) of MEL oil suspension and MEL conventional formulation was 5.35 and 3.43 hr µg/ml, respectively, with a relative bioavailability of 155.98%. Results of the present study demonstrated that the MEL oil suspension could prolong the effective time of drugs in blood, thereby reducing the frequency of administration on a course of treatment. Therefore, the novel MEL oil suspension seems to be of great value in veterinary clinical application.
Abundance and residency dynamics of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, in the Dafengjiang River Estuary, China
Authors: Peng Chongwei , Wu Haiping , Wang Xianyan , Zhu Qian , Jefferson Thomas A. , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Xu Youhou , Li Jian , Huang Hu , Chen Mo , Huang Shiang‐Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRobust population size estimates are essential for informing population conservation status. Residency dynamics show population habitat use through time. Population size of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) has been extensively investigated in Chinese waters, but their residency dynamics are rarely known. Mark‐recapture analysis based on photo‐identification records was applied to humpback dolphins in the Dafengjiang River Estuary habitat, one of the key habitats in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Movement analyses based on lagged identification rate indicated the humpback dolphins spent, on average, 78.5 days inside and 46.9 days outside the survey area. Within the study area, the humpback dolphin abundance was 83 identifiable dolphins. A total of 353–430 humpback dolphins, estimated by POPAN modeling, were involved in this fluid habitat‐use dynamic. Robust Design analysis showed strong seasonality in humpback dolphin abundance and emigration probability, implying a movement‐ and habitat‐use pattern likely associated with spatiotemporal distribution of oceanographic characteristics and prey occurrences. Population surveys and conservation measures currently conducted in Chinese waters seldom consider seasonality in movements between habitat patches, which can be addressed by genetic analyses across habitats and cross‐matching photo‐identification records among neighboring habitats.
A review of persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain (formerly PDAP/Atypical odontalgia)
Authors: Coulter J. , Nixdorf D. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPersistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain (PIDP) is a persistent pain condition isolated to the dentoalveolar region and has previously been known as PDAP/Atypical odontalgia.PresentationThe challenge in diagnosing PIDP means it is often confused for acute dental pain resulting in patients often receiving a number of dental interventions before a diagnosis is made. This highlights the need for practitioners to be aware of the signs of PIDP as early detection can reduce this risk.AetiologyThe pathophysiology behind PIDP is a subject for much debate. Theories suggest that there may be a link to nerve injury. However, this is complicated by suggestions of links to psychological factors and not all patients reporting dental interventions at the outset. Furthermore it is difficult to determine if the pain has continued since before the intervention or resulted after it.TreatmentCurrent first line treatment for PIDP revolves around the prescription of systemic medications. Whilst these have been proven to have some efficacy they are not universally effective and side effects can reduce compliance. Local treatments have been trailed to improve this, but further research is required and a gold standard has not been set.ConclusionPersistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain an uncommon and poorly understood condition making its diagnosis and treatment challenging. Advances in research are required to the aetiology and treatment of the condition as well as an improvement in clinician's awareness of PIDP. This will hopefully reduce the associated burden on quality of life.
Children with heart transplants: Lessons learned from 774 visits at a primary community clinic
Authors: Nasser Nadim H. , Simri Mohammad M. , Bishara Nasim K. , Habib Mona G. , Nasir Nadir N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims Unexpected decompensation of PHTRs may surprise, when the patient is at home. If the PHTR lives a distance from transplant center, the task of identifying risk factors of allograft rejection/dysfunction falls primarily on the PCP in the PCC, whether or not they are knowledgeable toward pediatric heart‐transplantation. Methods We reviewed the medical reports of three heart‐transplanted children in our periphery clinic between the years 2005 and 2019. Results The unexpected death of one patient, hours after he left our health facility, was the impetus for writing this article. Another heart transplant child attended our periphery clinic for 774 visits. Majority of visits were casual, others were scheduled, and the rest were for administrative affairs. We referred the PHTR to the transplantation center in 9% of all visits. In remaining 91% visits, we handled problems locally. Conclusions One of the important lessons we have learned through handling the PHTR at the PCC is that, during daily workflows and dealing with the occasional visits of a heart transplant child, related critical clinical information to allograft rejection or its dysfunction can easily evade from awareness of the attending physician. Through this study, we demonstrated that a program of summoning the PHTR to “initiated monthly visits” at the PCC enables the PCP to be maximally aware of critical clinical information, in addition to limiting futile referrals of 91% of the visits to specialized centers, without adversely affecting the prognosis.