bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Construction of Glycosides Enabled by Glycosyl/ Glycal Metal Species
Authors: Qian Deyun , Wu Xiaomei , Yan Xin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlycosyl/glycal metal functionalization has emerged as an efficient protocol for the construction of glycosides. Benefitting from the rapid development of organometallic chemistry and transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, glycosyl-metal-mediated glycosylation has significantly expanded the space for glycoside synthesis recently. In this short review, we underscore the representative progress in this area, categorizing the advancements by the type of glycosyl/glycal metal species. The reaction mechanism, stereochemical control, synthetic utility, and unmet challenges are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Glycosyl/Glycal Lithium-Based Glycosylations2.1	Preparation of Glycosyl/Glycal Lithium Reagents2.2	Glycosylation with Glycosyl/Glycal Lithiums3	Glycosyl/Glycal Stannane-Based Glycosylations3.1	Preparation of Glycosyl/Glycal Stannane Reagents3.2	Glycosylation with Glycosyl/Glycal Stannanes4	Glycosyl/Glycal Boron-Based Glycosylations4.1	Preparation of Glycosyl/Glycal Boron Compounds4.2	Glycosylation with Glycosyl/Glycal Boron Compounds5	Glycosylations Enabled by in situ Formed Glycosyl-Metal Intermediates5.1	Hydrofunctionalization of Glycals5.2	Functionalization/Glycosylation of Glycals6	Conclusion and Outlook
Medication incidents at supported disability accommodation (group homes) in Victoria, Australia: a retrospective audit of calls to a poisons information centre
Authors: Hormiz Rita , Stanley Beata , Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: December 2024

Background Many residents of shared supported disability homes (sometimes referred to as group homes) require assistance from staff to manage their medicines. Disability support workers in Australia often call a 24-h emergency poisons information service for advice following a medication incident. Objective To describe the number, type and timing of medication incident calls to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre from supported disability homes in Victoria, Australia. Methods This was a retrospective audit of poisons centre calls from supported disability homes over a 3-month period (October to December 2021). Incidents not related to therapeutic medication use, including deliberate self-poisoning, were excluded. Calls were categorised by incident-type, time-of-call and risk of an adverse event (low/moderate/high) based on the type of medicine involved. Results A total of 391 medication incident calls were included (mean 4.3 per day). The most common incidents were missed doses (n = 145/391, 37%) and accidental overdoses (e.g. double-dose) (n = 80/391, 20%). Most calls to the poisons centre (n = 284/391, 73%) were received outside business hours (before 9 am or after 5 pm). For incidents where the medicine(s) were known (n = 326), a moderate-risk medicine (most commonly an anticonvulsant or antipsychotic) or high-risk medicine (most commonly an anticoagulant or opioid) was involved in two-thirds of cases (n = 217, 66.6%). Conclusions Calls to an emergency poisons information service about medication incidents were common, and were mostly outside business hours. Nearly half of the calls were about incidents unrelated to poisoning or toxicology, including missed doses. The study highlights a gap in medication management support for residents and disability support workers, especially after-hours, that needs to be addressed.
What is creative imagining?
Authors: Langkau Julia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give an account of the use of imagination at the core of artistic creative processes involving experiential imagination, and to show that this use of the imagination does not always lead to a creative output. Creative imagining is a value-guided process, where the values are essentially subjective in that they are given in the phenomenal aspects of experience or imagined experience. But creative imagining is neither sufficient nor necessary for artistic creative processes. It is not sufficient because creativity in other domains may involve value-guided experiential imagining, and it is not necessary because some art may be produced without the use of imagination, or in a manner that employs mostly other forms of imagination.
Runaway pretence
Authors: D’Cruz Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deceptive displays of emotion can be used to manipulate another person’s beliefs, desires and emotions. This is an important but often neglected function of imaginative pretence. Pretending to be angry or aggrieved is a powerful strategy to gain emotional leverage. But subjects who deploy such tactics expose themselves to the peculiar hazard of losing track of the fact they are pretending. Such manipulators risk losing grip on their all-things-considered emotional take in a way that undermines their own goals and harms relationships.
Exploring silica accumulation in bamboo leaves: a study on phytolith morphology and epidermal patterning in the tropical giant bamboo Dendrocalamus copelandii
Authors: Rotmuenwai Naritsa , Aryuyo Ketsara , Kruethaworn Nuttida , Wattananit Witoon , Yookongkaew Nimnara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Bamboo is a grass in the Poaceae family with various applications. Bamboo leaves can accumulate high silica. However, silica deposition in bamboo has received limited study. Therefore, this research investigated silica accumulation in Dendrocalamus copelandii leaves. The study includes the localization of silica through phytolith morphology, examination of the distribution patterns of phytoliths in epidermal tissues, analysis of silica accumulation within specialized silica cells (short cells) and analysis of silicon concentration across various leaf developmental stages.

Methods
We used imaging techniques, including differential interference contrast and a scanning electron microscope incorporating an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, to investigate silica accumulation in bamboo leaves. We also analysed the silicon concentration using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy.

Key Results
Leaves of D. copelandii exhibited 11 phytolith morphotypes, namely Bilobate, Polylobate, Saddle, Acute, Acute bulbosus, Microhair, Stomata, Bulliform flabellate, Elongate sinuate, Elongate entire and Tracheary. Most of these phytoliths were found in short cells (Bilobate, Polylobate and Saddle) of epidermal tissues. The short cells were arranged transversely along the leaf length. Bilobate phytoliths were found in both the abaxial and adaxial epidermis, whereas the Saddle morphotype was found only in the abaxial epidermis. Silica accumulation in the short cells of unexpanded leaves begins at the leaf apex, spreads to the middle and base positions, and accumulates initially in the abaxial epidermis, then the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, bamboo leaves accumulate a higher silicon concentration as they age.

Conclusions
Phytolith morphotypes and silica accumulation in epidermal short cells are key factors in understanding silica deposition. Leaf age and climate significantly impact the silicon concentration in bamboo leaves. Our findings are informative for archaeological studies and for plant taxonomical classification. The results are also applicable for biotechnological applications.
Does phylogenetic relatedness imply similar manipulative ability in parasites?
Authors: Gopko Mikhail , Sotnikov Danila , Savina Kseniia , Molchanov Andrei , Mironova Ekaterina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many parasites can alter the behaviour of their hosts in a manner beneficial to the parasite (parasitic manipulations). Obviously, examples of non-manipulative parasites also exist; however, their number might be underestimated because of publication bias. Trematodes from the Diplostomidae family that infect fish eyes are often considered manipulators. However, only one eye-dwelling species (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) of this family has been shown to do so in controlled laboratory conditions. We studied experimentally whether another common diplostomid species (Tylodelphys clavata) manipulated host defensive behaviour using salmonids (Salvelinus malma) reared and infected in the laboratory. We tested fish activity, depth preference, and dip net avoidance (common fish defensive traits) in different lighting conditions. Although the experimental design was identical to those used earlier for D. pseudospathaceum, no manipulative abilities were detected in T. clavata. Infected fish did not differ from control ones in terms of the expression of the defensive behavioural traits tested. Interestingly, fish activity was confounded by fish size in control but not infected fish; however, this pattern does not appear to be a manipulation. Our results show that even closely related parasites occupying similar habitat niches can differ dramatically in their ability to manipulate host behaviour.
Novel NUP160 mutations related to simultaneous congenital nephropathy and ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Huang Xiaoying , Xu Lubin , Cao Yaqing , Nie Min , Li Mingxi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Nucleoporins, as major components of nuclear pore complex, have been recently discovered to participate in organ development. Here, we report a young female patient with nephrotic proteinuria resistant to immune suppressant treatment and congenital ovarian insufficiency. Renal pathology confirmed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in Nucleoporin 160 (NUP160), NM_015231.2 c.4154C&gt;T (p.Pro1385Leu) and c.1102–9T&gt;G. Notably, NUP160 mutations have been associated with congenital nephropathy in four families. We also ruled out competing genetic variants implicated in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and ovarian dysgenesis. Our identification of two novel NUP160 mutations associated with congenital nephropathy and ovarian insufficiency simultaneously contributes to a deeper understanding of nuclear pore complex function in the urogenital system.
eGFR slope modelling predicts long-term clinical benefit with nefecon in a real-world IgAN population
Authors: Barratt Jonathan , Stone Andrew M , Reich Heather N , Lafayette Richard A 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Nefecon is an oral, targeted-release formulation of budesonide approved to reduce kidney function loss in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). In the phase 3 NefIgArd trial, 9 months of nefecon treatment preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and reduced urine protein–creatinine ratio versus placebo, for 15 months post-treatment. A modelling analysis was conducted to predict nefecon's long-term benefits on clinical outcomes.

Methods
A published linear regression model was used to extrapolate nefecon's effect on the eGFR slope in NefIgArd to predict its effect on the clinical outcome of kidney failure, eGFR &lt;15 ml/min/1.73 m2, or sustained doubling of serum creatinine. This model was applied to registry data from patients with IgAN at Leicester General Hospital (LGH), whose records were matched to individual NefIgArd patients on the basis of their urine protein–creatinine ratio and eGFR values.

Results
A total of 1684 LGH-NeflgArd ‘matched pairs’ were obtained. Nefecon was predicted to delay the time to clinical outcome by 12.8 years (95% confidence interval 4.8–27.9), with median time to outcome of 9.6 years for patients receiving supportive care only versus 22.4 years for nefecon-treated patients. The NeflgArd 2-year eGFR slope yielded a log hazard ratio for the clinical outcome of 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.21–0.63), a 62% risk reduction versus placebo. Of patients receiving only supportive care, 52% were modelled to have a clinical outcome within 10 years versus 24% of nefecon-treated patients.

Conclusion
This modelling analysis indicates that the eGFR benefit seen with nefecon predicts a substantial delay in progression to kidney failure.
TTC7A missense variants in intestinal disease can be classified by molecular and cellular phenotypes
Authors: Shojaei Jeshvaghani Zahra , Mijnders Marjolein , Muffels Irena , van Beekhuizen Sander , Kotlarz Daniel , Lindemans Caroline A , Koletzko Sibylle , Klein Christoph , Mokry Michal , Nieuwenhuis Edward , Kuijk Ewart 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biallelic mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) give rise to intestinal and immune disorders. However, our understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship is limited, because TTC7A variants are mostly compound heterozygous and the disease phenotypes are highly diverse. This study aims to clarify how different TTC7A variants impact the severity of intestinal epithelial disorders. We individually characterized the molecular and cellular consequences of 11 different TTC7A missense mutations in TTC7A knockout Caco-2 cells. We examined variant-specific RNA expression profiles, TTC7A protein abundance, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by using RNA sequencing and imaging flow cytometry. For six variants we detected no significant alterations on these assays, suggesting that protein function may not be severely compromised. However, for five variants we observed molecular phenotypes, with overlapping gene expression signatures between specific variants. Remarkably, the TTC7AE71K variant displayed a unique expression profile, along with reduced TTC7A RNA and protein expression, which set it apart from all other variants. The findings from this study offer a better understanding of the role of specific TTC7A variants in disease and provide a framework for the classification of the variants based on the severity of impact. We propose a classification system for TTC7A variants that could help diagnosis, guide future treatment decisions and may aid in developing effective molecular therapies for patients that carry specific TTC7A variants.
Research on improving visual adaptive route planning of distribution network UAV by using deep learning technology
Authors: Cai Chao , Dai Jin , Cai Yong , Ling Zaixun , Yi Chen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The efficiency and safety of distribution network inspections are crucial to maintaining the reliability of electricity supply in various sectors. Traditional manual inspection methods are not only inefficient but also pose risks due to human limitations and environmental factors. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhancing the route planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) through Deep Reinforcement Learning, integrated with advanced image processing and control strategies. We employ ResNet-50 for target detection and DeepLabV3+ for semantic segmentation to improve environmental feature recognition. Furthermore, a Deep Q Network combined with a hybrid action space and sophisticated Model Predictive Control strategies is utilized to optimize the UAV’s path planning, enhancing both safety and mission efficiency. The proposed method is validated through experimental simulations that demonstrate its superiority over existing techniques, offering improvements in adaptive route planning for UAVs in distribution network environments.
Combination therapy strategies against multidrug resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Daliang , Yang Jie , Yang Lilan , Du Yanglin , Zhu Qunchao , Ma Chendong , Zhou Dongdong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Exploring effective combination antibacterial therapies has become a research focus. This study selected seven common antibiotics to perform a series of tests on different Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. More than 70% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance but remained sensitive to polymyxin B. The checkerboard assay revealed a significant synergistic effect between polymyxin B and tetracycline against different resistant strains, with fractional inhibitory concentration index values consistently below 0.5. Further time-kill curve analysis demonstrated that the use of minimal inhibit concentration of polymyxin B or tetracycline alone had limited bactericidal effects, while their combination significantly reduced bacterial counts by 2–3 log colony-forming units within 12 h. Additionally, the survival rate of larvae treated with the polymyxin B and tetracycline combination was significantly higher than that of the mono-therapy and untreated groups. In brief, this study demonstrates that the combination of polymyxin B and tetracycline exhibits potent antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
Utility of external fixation for traumatic periprosthetic fracture after total ankle arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A report of two cases
Authors: Okamura Gensuke , Noguchi Takaaki , Etani Yuki , Ebina Kosuke , Okada Seiji , Hashimoto Jun , Hirao Makoto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This report describes two cases of implant-stable traumatic periprosthetic fractures after total ankle arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. One case with a low body mass index (14 kg/m2) achieved complete bone union with the use of an external fixator, while the other case with a high body mass index (32.83 kg/m2) failed to achieve bone union with the external fixator; however, complete union was achieved utilising secondary internal plate fixation. Although open reduction and internal fixation using a plate is the standard procedure in implant-stable periprosthetic fracture cases, fixation using an external fixator might be suitable for patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low body weight and low body mass index, from the perspective of preventing surgical site complications.
Identifying the best treatment choice for relapsing/refractory glioblastoma: a systematic review with multiple Bayesian network meta-analyses
Authors: Schettini Francesco , Pineda Estela , Rocca Andrea , Buché Victoria , Donofrio Carmine Antonio , Mazariegos Manuel , Ferrari Benvenuto , Tancredi Richard , Panni Stefano , Cominetti Marika , Di Somma Alberto , González Josep , Fioravanti Antonio , Venturini Sergio , Generali Daniele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary central nervous system tumor characterized by poor outcomes. In case of relapse or progression to adjuvant chemotherapy, there is no univocal preferred regimen for relapsing glioblastoma.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian trial-level network meta-analyses (NMA) to identify the regimens associated with the best outcomes. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rates (ORR). We estimated separate treatment rankings based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values. Only phase II/III prospective comparative trials were included.

Results
Twenty-four studies (3733 patients and 27 different therapies) were ultimately included. Twenty-three different regimens were compared for OS, 21 for PFS, and 26 for ORR. When taking lomustine as a common comparator, only regorafenib was likely to be significantly superior in terms of OS (hazard ratio: 0.50, 95% credible interval: 0.33-0.75). Regorafenib was significantly superior to other 16 (69.6%) regimens, including NovoTTF-100A, bevacizumab monotherapy, and several bevacizumab-based combinations. Regarding PFS and ORR, no treatment was clearly superior to the others.

Conclusions
This NMA supports regorafenib as one of the best available options for relapsing/refractory glioblastoma. Lomustine, NovoTTF-100A, and bevacizumab emerge as other viable alternative regimens. However, evidence on regorafenib is controversial at best. Moreover, most studies were underpowered, with varying inclusion criteria and primary endpoints, and no longer adapted to the most recent glioblastoma classification. A paradigmatic change in clinical trials’ design for relapsing/refractory glioblastoma and more effective treatments are urgently required.
Liveborn children with trisomy 18: A retrospective review
Authors: Armour Evelyn , MacPherson Melissa J , Mack Cheryl , Yaskina Maryna , van Manen Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Historically, children born alive with trisomy 18 were considered to have a lethal genetic condition such that no medical interventions were provided. While survival is now recognized to be possible, these children’s lives include aspects of technological dependency, medical complexity, and neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of a contemporary Canadian population-based cohort of children born alive with trisomy 18.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to review the records of children born alive with trisomy 18 from January 2012 to December 2023 in Central/Northern Alberta. Demographic and clinical information were abstracted, including features reported in the literature associated with morbidity and mortality. Outcomes were described, including technological dependency, time spent in the hospital, and survival.

Results
In total, 37 liveborn infants with complete trisomy 18 were identified. While most died in hospital following medical-surgical interventions and/or comfort-care palliation, nine were discharged home. All of these children had been born at term with a birthweight ≥1750 g. While they relied on medical technologies such as home oxygen and feeding tubes at the time of discharge, most were able to spend a considerable amount of time at home rather than being re-hospitalized. At the time of this review, four remain alive varying in age from 6 to 9 years.

Conclusions
Trisomy 18 is not a homogeneous clinical condition. Some children may have their lives extended to spend their lives at home with their families.
When theory meets practice in transformative innovation policy evaluation: experiences from Sweden
Authors: Haddad Carolina R , Wise Emily , Arnold Erik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Government policies increasingly focus on transformative innovation policy (TIP), as programmes are being reoriented towards addressing societal challenges and contributing to sustainability transitions. Evaluation practices need modification to keep up with this change. While a small number of frameworks for TIP evaluation have been proposed, building upon different sustainability transition approaches, little is known regarding the extent to which TIP thinking has been integrated into policy evaluation practice. Hence, there is a need, first, to understand the implications of TIP for evaluation, based on the TIP literature and, second, to investigate the extent to which TIP thinking is used in innovation policy evaluation practice, and the main challenges policymakers face in making evaluation more transformation oriented. To do this, we adapt Edler et al.’s (2012, The Practice of Evaluation in Innovation Policy in Europe’, Research Evaluation, 21: 167–82) innovation policy evaluation dimensions to create a framework within which to develop an archetypal TIP programme evaluation, based on the literature. We then investigate the take-up of TIP principles in evaluation in the specific case of Sweden. We use a cross-case comparison of three Swedish innovation programmes, namely the Vinnväxt programme for sustainable regional growth, Challenge Driven Innovation, and the Strategic Innovation Programmes, to analyse the extent to which innovation policy evaluation practice aligns with this archetypal framework. Finally, we identify three challenges policymakers face when trying to reorient evaluations towards being more aligned with this archetypal framework.