bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning the heart into a neighbour
Authors: Rasulić Katarina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of conceptual metaphor and metonymy in the framing of Kosovo in the Serbian political discourse related to the EU-mediated negotiations on the normalization of Serbia–Kosovo relations. The analysis, set against the theoretical background of cognitive linguistics, shows that the Serbian political discourse under examination features conflicting metaphors for Kosovo and abounds in the toponymic capital for x metonymies in reference to the process participants. The findings concern the conceptual and evaluative nature of metaphors in political discourse, the discursive challenging of metaphor and metonymy appropriateness, the discursive emergence of alternative frames, the role of metaphor and metonymy in maintaining inequality in discourse, and the role of metonymy as an avoidance strategy in discourse.
The ‘transformative’ power of metaphor
Authors: Ferrari Federica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Given the centrality of bodily and emotional experience to the notion of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 2003[1980]; Lakoff 1993; Gibbs 2006a and b; Kövecses 2000), this chapter investigates the ‘transformative power’ of metaphor in ‘talking cure’ practices, to face personal crisis and to produce strategic change.
Starting from the centrality of metaphor in the (-re)structuring of experience (Burns 2005; Loue 2008; Roffman 2008), its power as a ‘transformative’ tool is fostered on the basis of its language/thought and embodiment theoretical foundations to implement its application potential. An experimental method emerges, which adapts textual identification procedures (Steen 1999, 2010; Ferrari 2007, 2018; Pragglejaz 2007) to an integrated psychological approach (Rogers 2003[1951]; Perls, Hefferline and Goodman 1951). A psychometric test is presented to evaluate the transformative power of ‘integrated metaphor’ in counselling.
Co-constructing ‘crisis’ with metaphor
Authors: Tay Dennis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mental health professionals and their patients often use figurative language like metaphors to depict complex cognitions and emotions that lie at the heart of personal crises during psychotherapy. While qualitative analysis of these metaphors is crucial, understanding usage patterns that develop over time requires complementary quantitative techniques. This chapter illustrates an exploratory log-linear analytic approach to the relationships between speakers, functions, targets, and phase of occurrence of metaphor vehicle terms over 29.5 hours of Chinese psychotherapy talk. The use of factor maps as a data visualization tool is also discussed. Variable associations are interpreted as usage patterns highlighting the nature of metaphor co-construction in psychotherapy. Key discussion points include interactions between time, institutional roles of speakers, and prevailing discussion topics.
Language documentation and revitalization as a feedback loop
Authors: Fitzgerald Colleen M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I present an overview of language documentation and revitalization focused on the Amazonian context, drawing from several case studies. Prominent areas where language documentation in the Amazon has played and continues to play a significant role are in the innovative use of collaborative or participatory documentation models (i.e., Yamada, 2011, 2014; Stenzel, 2014). I use the case studies highlighted here to expand upon a model of documentation and revitalization that acts as a feedback loop (Fitzgerald, 2017a; Fitzgerald & Hinson, 2013, 2016). The resources produced through documentation, revitalization, training and analysis, especially when archived and accessible, will likely be invaluable resources for Amazonian communities engaged in revitalization, as is the case in North America.
Insights for contact linguistics and future investigations of Spanish in the Amazon region
Authors: Rodríguez-Mondonedo Miguel , Fafulas Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This closing chapter summarizes the main contributions of this volume and highlights areas of interest for scholars investigating Spanish in the Amazon region. We aim to show what can be gained from the study of Spanish in the Amazon, including insights for general linguistic theory, syntactic theory, phonological theory, etc., as well as for the specific subfields of contact linguistics and bilingualism. We start with a brief review of the existing work on the different Varieties of Amazonian Spanish (VAS) and tie this to the chapters in the current manuscript. Finally, we conclude with some directions for future explorations of Spanish in Amazonia.
Spanish in the Amazon region
Authors: Fafulas Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This opening chapter offers the reader an introduction to Spanish in the Amazon. The vast linguistic diversity found in this region of South America has received much scholarly interest. However, the Spanish varieties that have resulted from language contact and a myriad of sociolinguistic factors have only recently begun to be documented. The enclosed chapters in this volume explore these emerging linguistic features and add to what is known of variation and change in the Spanish-speaking world.
Threshold-switching
Authors: Scase Wendy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers a new, material analysis of medieval scribal colophons, the brief writings that scribes added to manuscript texts. Gérard Genette saw the scribal colophon as the ancestor of ‘paratext’, the ‘threshold’ (‘seuil’) to the printed text. Contributing to current modification of paratext theory, this chapter considers what Genette’s model reveals about manuscript culture. It proposes that the scribal colophon turns the spotlight on the graphic properties of the scribe’s work rather than simply or predominantly serving as a threshold to reading the text. The chapter proposes that threshold-switching, a term in digital electronics for a process that causes oscillation between one state and another, may be a more appropriate metaphor than the threshold for this important function of the medieval scribal colophon. The colophon is evidence that, as in digital media today, in manuscript culture writing was not regarded simply as a transparent medium that one looked through to access the meaning beyond.
Paratext and ideology in 17th-century news genres
Authors: Cecconi Elisabetta 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This contribution examines the way in which ideology and the (changing) socio-cultural news values of the time can be mapped onto the news presentation strategies adopted in the paratext of 17th-century news broadside ballads and occasional news pamphlets. Based on Genette’s (1997) notion of paratext and on Hyland’s (2005) model of metadiscourse, the comparative discourse analysis focuses on the paratextual components found in the initial and terminal paratext of each news genre. The results show that the ideological imperatives of the Church along with people’s increasing interest in objective and fact-centered news had a determining role in the choice of the author’s and publisher’s metadiscourse resources across the century.
“I write not to expert practitioners, but to learners”
Authors: Salmi Hanna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I will examine metadiscursive comments on the intended audience and the accessibility of texts in early modern English printed books. This study demonstrates how different aspects of the work could be seen as increasing its suitability to a broad readership, and what strategies early modern book producers chose for marketing their works to non-specialists or readers new to the topic covered. However, many of these strategies also served the purpose of fending off potential criticism from more learned readers, who were not the intended beneficiaries of popular books. This chapter also examines the relationship between the concepts of paratextual communication and metadiscourse.
The scope of modal categories
Authors: Narrog Heiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the scope of modal categories.
While it is hypothesized in many linguistic theories that different modal categories
have different scope, there are only very few systematic studies that show
differences. The language of investigation is Japanese, which has grammaticalized
all cross-linguistically relevant modal categories and has a strict and transparent
head-final structure, which is conducive to the study of scope. The results show
that different modal categories indeed have different scope. However the scope
properties of all modal categories do not all perfectly align to form a “clean”
hierarchy. These problems can be solved if one distinguishes between ‘active’ scope
(i.e. the categories some category can take scope over) and ‘passive’ scope (i.e.
the categories some category can take scope under), and separates volitional (mainly
deontic and boulomaic) from non-volitional (mainly epistemic and evidential) modal
categories.
Not just frequency, not just modality
Authors: Lorenz David , Tizón-Couto David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We review reduction and contraction in modalizing
expressions of the type V-to-Vinf from the perspective
of production, perception and mental representation. A corpus study of spoken
American English shows reduction/contraction as a continuous process which is
subject to phonological and communicative constraints. Generally, reduction
(articulatory ease) is restricted by a tendency to retain cues to morphological
structure (explicitness). For perception, a word-recognition experiment shows that
listeners use probabilities to cope with reduction; reduction also promotes
‘chunking’, i.e. accessing frequent sequences as single units. The combined evidence
suggests that ‘chunking’, reduction and contraction are not a self-propelled
process, even given high frequency or semantic bleaching. Rather, they are subject
to intuitive negotiations in speaker-hearer interaction. Methodologically, we make a
case for triangulating corpus and experimental data.
Conditionals, modality, and Schrödinger’s cat
Authors: Gabrielatos Costas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An intriguing characteristic of conditionals is that they
are modally dense constructions, without being modal markers themselves. This
chapter will examine the modal nature of conditionals through the lens of
construction grammar. It will be argued that the main utility of conditionals does
not lie in pairing conditions with consequents, nor in establishing the factuality
or actualisation of conditions and consequents, but in leaving issues of factuality
or actualisation unresolved. The chapter proposes that conditional constructions are
better regarded as environments of indeterminacy, in that they modalise what is
communicated through them. More precisely it will be argued that conditionals can be
usefully treated as the linguistic equivalent of quantum bits
(qubits). The chapter will also discuss the characteristics that
define the family of conditional constructions, and those differentiating between
family members.
A genre-based analysis of evaluative modality in multi-verb sequences in
English
Authors: Matsumoto Noriko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the nature of evaluative modality in
multi-verb sequences with the deictic verb go as the first verb in
English. It deals with four types of multi-verb sequences: go-and-V,
go-to-V, go-V, and go-Ving. First, the paper proposes a
general classification of multi-verb sequences. Second, by using the concepts of
cotext and context, it shows the characteristics
of each type of multi-verb sequence from the viewpoints of inflection of the first
verb, the second verb selection, and genres of language use. Consequently, one
conclusion can be drawn: while the go-to-V, go-V, and
go-Ving sequences allow for a cotext-based interpretation, the
go-and-V sequence can allow for both cotext-based and
context-based interpretations.
On the (con)textual properties of must, have
to and shall
Authors: Furmaniak Gregory 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the (con)textual properties of root
must, shall and have to. It is
conducted within an evolving framework, Integrative Grammar. The account of the
three modal forms that is given here is integrative in two senses. First, it shows
that traditional semantic descriptions fail to account for how these forms are used
in discourse and that a comprehensive characterisation of their conditions of use
requires that (con)textual factors be taken into consideration. Two contextual
levels are considered: the distribution of the modal forms according to discourse
modes and their propensity to be used within specific discourse sequences. Second,
this study shows that these (con)textual features and the forms’ semantic, pragmatic
and even syntactic properties are interconnected and throw light upon one
another.
“The future elected government should fully represent the interests of Hongkong
people”
Authors: Biewer Carolin , Lehnen Lisa , Schulz Ninja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The modal system of English in its development provides an
ideal perspective on language variation and change. Since the sociocultural and
socio-historical situation in specific postcolonial communities promotes diversity
among New Englishes, it is likely to also affect their modal systems. In this paper,
we seek to identify patterns in the use of modalising expressions in Hong Kong
English in relation to topic, genre and the larger socio-historical context. Our
diachronic study of the frequency and function of selected modal verbs in press news
reports from the DC-HKE reveals a peak in the use of back-shifted
will and deontic should between 1988–1992 that
seems to be closely linked to developments of the genre and socio-political changes
in Hong Kong.
Emergent complex noun phrases
Authors: Stoenica Ioana-Maria , Pekarek Doehler Simona , Horlacher Anne-Sylvie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we document the temporal and contingent nature of noun phrases (NPs). Focusing on relativized NPs, we show that they are produced as an interactional accomplishment, emerging from how participants adapt to each other’s verbal and non-verbal conduct. Based on 20 hours of French conversation, we identify two types of emergent complex NPs, and document their interactional working: Those resulting from a current speaker’s adding on a relative clause increment to his/her preceding turn; and those resulting from a next speaker’s production of such an increment, yielding jointly constructed NPs. We discuss implications for our understanding of the NP as an emergent unit, of the subordinate (or not) status of relative clauses, and of the notion of increment.
Asserting no-problemness in Spanish
Authors: Raymond Chase Wesley , Fox Barbara A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
While much is known about noun phrases from morphosyntactic and typological perspectives, the study of nominal elements in interaction is just beginning. We contribute to this new area by exploring the interactional functions of the Spanish indefinite determiner ningún (‘any’, ‘no’) in the formula No hay (ningún) problema (‘there isn’t (any) problem’). We find that action and sequential environment are crucial in distinguishing between speakers’ uses of the noun phrases problema and ningún problema, with the determiner deployed to upgrade the assertion of no-problemness compared to the version without the determiner. We use our analysis of these particular formulae to offer a theoretical and methodological contribution to the study of noun phrases in interaction, focusing on the generalizability of findings.
Policymaking in a low-trust state: legitimacy, state capacity, and responses to COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Hartley Kris , Jarvis Darryl S L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
With indiscriminate geographic and socio-economic reach, COVID-19 has visited destruction of life and livelihoods on a largely unprepared world and can arguably be declared the new millennium’s most trying test of state capacity. Governments are facing an urgent mandate to mobilize quickly and comprehensively in response, drawing not only on public resources and coordination capabilities but also on the cooperation and buy-in of civil society. Political and institutional legitimacy are crucial determinants of effective crisis management, and low-trust states lacking such legitimacy suffer a profound disadvantage. Social and economic crises attending the COVID-19 pandemic thus invite scholarly reflection about public attitudes, social leadership, and the role of social and institutional memory in the context of systemic disruption. This article examines Hong Kong as a case where failure to respond effectively could have been expected due to low levels of public trust and political legitimacy, but where, in fact, crisis response was unexpectedly successful. The case exposes underdevelopment in scholarly assumptions about the connections among political legitimacy, societal capacity, and crisis response capabilities. As such, this calls for a more nuanced understanding of how social behaviours and norms are structured and reproduced amidst existential uncertainties and policy ambiguities caused by sudden and convergent crises, and how these can themselves generate resources that bolster societal capacity in the fight against pandemics.
CCQM-K122 "Anionic impurities and lead in salt solutions"
Authors: Rienitz Olaf , Jährling Reinhard , Noordmann Janine , Pape Carola , Röhker Karin , Vogl Jochen , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Kozlowski Wladyslaw , Sena Rodrigo Caciano de , Rodrigues na Marques , Galli Ariel Hernan , Yim Yong-Hyeon , Lee Kyoung-Seok , Lee Jong Hae , Min Hyung-Sik , Jingbo Chao , Naijie Shi , Qian Wang , Ren Tongxiang , Jun Wang , Tangpaisarnkul Nongluck , Suzuki Toshihiro , Nonose Naoko , Mester n , Yang Lu , Pagliano Enea , Grinberg Patricia , Máriássy Michal , Näykki Teemu , Cankur Oktay , Coşkun F Gonca , Ari l , Can leyman Z 
Published: June 2020

The determination of the mass fractions of bromide, sulfate, and lead as well as the isotopic composition of the lead (expressed as the molar mass and the amount fractions of all four stable lead isotopes) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a mass fraction of 0.15 g/g was the subject of this comparison. Even though the mass fractions ranged from 3 μg/g (bromide) to 50 ng/g (lead), almost all results reported agreed with the according KCRVs.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Novel R-test measurement system to detect thermally induced volumetric accuracy in horizontal machine tools
Authors: Weng Lingtao , Zhang Dawei , Gao Weiguo , Tian Yanling , Liu Teng , Zheng Yingjie , Shi Kai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Because of uneven temperature distributions, machine tools can generate thermal errors, which significantly contribute to machining errors. Previous research has shown that thermal volumetric errors can be directly measured using optical methods or indirectly calculated using error mapping methods. However, these methods are limited to or restricted by specific working conditions. Therefore, our study focused on developing a novel R-test measurement system for realising accurate thermal volumetric error measurements. The R-test measurement system consists of a three-dimensional (3D) ball array plate, R-test detecting head, temperature monitoring module, and data processing module. This system allows the measurement of deviation in the X, Y, and Z directions simultaneously at different fixed points in a 3D cube. Furthermore, considering the temperature and thermally induced volumetric accuracy, it was possible to derive the deformation tendency of the machine tool. An uncertainty analysis and systematic error corrections were conducted. The measurement uncertainty of this system is approximately 4 μm. The thermal volumetric errors were examined using the developed R-test measurement system and an interferometer under the same thermal conditions. The experimental results indicated that the R-test measurement system was able to accurately and rapidly detect thermal volumetric errors. This system provides a measurement technique with a low level of uncertainty, high accuracy, and low cost, which can be used to measure, compensate, and control the thermally induced volumetric accuracy of horizontal machine tools.
Microstructured single-layer electrodes embedded in P(VDF-TrFE) for flexible and self-powered direction-sensitive strain sensors
Authors: Schäffner Philipp , Zirkl Martin , Schider Gerburg , Groten Jonas , Belegratis Maria Regina , Knoll Peter , Stadlober Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most flexible piezoelectric transducers have a vertical setup with top and bottom electrodes, which does not enable the selective, directional detection of mechanical stimuli. Here we present a paradigm shift in the design of such transducers by placing the electrodes in a single layer and fully embedding them in a ferroelectric layer. This approach enables a selective detection of in-plane strains with a linear, orientation-dependent response. Our transducers feature microstructured, densely interdigitated electrodes embedded in the ferroelectric copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) and show an in-plane strain sensitivity of up to 8.3 nC %−1 (21.3 V %−1), while being 23 times less sensitive to transversal loading, compared to vertical setup devices. The embedded electrodes cause a strong anisotropy for in-plane strain coupling and make it possible to distinguish both the bending orientation and the bending intensity on a time-variable curvilinear surface. A high power density of 2.3 mW cm−3 was achieved during a periodic bending movement at 90 Hz. In addition to a photolithography and electroplating-assisted method, we present an alignment-free, elegant microcapillary force-based process for scalable fabrication of embedded electrodes. The presented transducers have a high potential for application as energy-autonomous sensors for condition monitoring, robotics and wearables.
The interplay between local and non-local master equations: exact and approximated dynamics
Authors: Megier Nina , Smirne Andrea , Vacchini Bassano 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Master equations are a useful tool to describe the evolution of open quantum systems. In order to characterize the mathematical features and the physical origin of the dynamics, it is often useful to consider different kinds of master equations for the same system. Here, we derive an exact connection between the time-local and the integro-differential descriptions, focusing on the class of commutative dynamics. The use of the damping-basis formalism allows us to devise a general procedure to go from one master equation to the other and vice versa, by working with functions of time and their Laplace transforms only. We further analyze the Lindbladian form of the time-local and the integro-differential master equations, where we account for the appearance of different sets of Lindbladian operators. In addition, we investigate a Redfield-like approximation, that transforms the exact integro-differential equation into a time-local one by means of a coarse graining in time. Besides relating the structure of the resulting master equation to those associated with the exact dynamics, we study the effects of the approximation on Markovianity. In particular, we show that, against expectation, the coarse graining in time can possibly introduce memory effects, leading to a violation of a divisibility property of the dynamics.