bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships among accessions in Citrus and related genera based on the insertion polymorphism of the CIRE1 retrotransposon
Authors: Horibata Akira , Kato Tsuneo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A total of 145 accessions of the genus Citrus and related genera, maintained in the Conservation Garden for Citrus Germplasm at the Experimental Farm of Kindai University, Yuasa, Wakayama, Japan, were examined for their phylogenetic relationships. The present classification was conducted using an inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) method based on the insertion polymorphism of a retrotransposon, CIRE1, identified in C. sinensis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the IRAP method for citrus classification. The constructed dendrogram showed that the 145 accessions and two outgroup species were successfully classified into five major clades. A large number of C. sinensis accessions were divided into three traditional groups, navel orange, sweet orange, and blood orange, almost corresponding to the sub-clades in the dendrogram. Several other accessions belonging to the same species, and also many hybrid cultivars from crossbreeding, were localized into the respective sub-clades or near positions in the dendrogram. Several unclassified accessions could also be located in the dendrogram, suggesting novel relationships with other accessions. It was concluded that the IRAP method based on CIRE1 insertion polymorphism was suitable for the classification of citrus from a molecular point of view.
Darker shades of “fairness” in India: Male attractiveness and colorism in commercials
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe skin-lightening products for men in India and their mode of advertising have been shaping the concept of attractiveness for Indian men by portraying lighter skin tone as the most fundamental quality of being attractive, always desirable, and successful. Although women’s skin-lightening products in India have received attention by a few scholars lately, men’s products are still underresearched. Hence, this study aims to investigate the issue of colorism augmented by television commercials for men’s “fairness” (light skin tone) products in India. The primary data for this study are six Hindi television commercials for men’s skin-lightening products which were broadcast from 2005 to 2015 and were available on YouTube during data collection. The commercials are by one popular brand, Emami Fair and Handsome. The target commercials are significant for their categorical distinction in directness as well as for their nature of storytelling that helps facilitate the discourse of colorism itself. The methodology is a combination of multimodal analysis, critical discourse analysis, and advertisement analysis. The overall goal of this study is to bring visibility to this subtle and multilayered problem of colorism in Indian society which is being reinforced by the skin-lightening products for men.
Morality politics: Drug use and the Catholic Church in the Philippines
Authors: Cornelio Jayeel , Lasco Gideon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article traces the trajectory of the Catholic Church’s discourses on drug use in the Philippines since the first time a statement was made in the 1970s. By drawing on official statements by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), it argues that shifts in emphasis have taken place through the years: the destruction of the youth, attack on human dignity, and then social moral decay. Collectively, they emanate from an institutional concern for peace and order. But they also reflect the moral panic around drug use that has been around for decades, which, on several occasions, Filipino politicians, including President Duterte, have mobilized as a populist trope. In this way, the article historicizes the Catholic Church’s official statements and frames them in terms of morality politics through which values and corresponding behavior are defined by an influential institution on behalf of society whose morality it deems is in decline. The article ends by reflecting on the recent statements by the CBCP that invoke compassion and redemption.
Relational work in dispute: Negotiating norms, negotiating relationships
Authors: Hu Yanwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent developments of politeness research mainly consist of the study of politeness within a broader framework of relationship or relating and the re-conceptualization of politeness as an evaluative judgement made by participants on the basis of norms and expectations. This article hopes to contribute to the study of relating by probing into the normative basis of relational work. Addressing the relational aspect of communication, Habermas’ (1979) concept of normative rightness claim highlights the normative commitment of the speaker in doing (more than judging) relational work, which has been obscured by the focus on (hearers’) judgements in current research on relational work. Habermas’ concept brings into focus the fact that participants in interaction can define and redefine their relationship through contesting the other’s normative rightness claim or the normative background thereby evoked. This dynamic process of negotiating relationships through negotiating norms can be further explicated by drawing on Culpeper’s (2008) and Kádár and Haugh’s (2013) differentiations of norms. The article explores the usefulness of such differentiations by analyzing different cases of norm variation which can be seen to underlie relational work dispute.
Gestures of closure: A small stories approach to museumgoers' texts
Authors: Noy Chaim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMuseums are familiar public institutions whose primary mode of mediation is narration. They are geared toward narrating collective stories that are authoritative, linear, and grand in scope. Yet with the historical turn museums have recently taken from collection-centered to audience-centered institutions – coupled with a participatory mode of mediation – more than ever museumgoers are now invited to participate in these grand narrations. This article examines the institutional interaction between museums and museumgoers, and the texts that the latter producein situ. It analyzes over 3000 texts that visitors wrote at the Florida Holocaust Museum, between 2012 and 2015. It employs the “small stories” framework to explore the interactional narrative structure and features within which museumgoers' written comments are elicited and displayed in museums. The analysis highlights the narrative functions and authorial roles that museumgoers are ascribed institutionally, and whether and how they discursively occupy them. Three main narrative strategies of/for participation are discerned, through which museumgoers variously perform gestures of closure of their visit. These narrative gestures index ways, in which visitors signal the approaching end of the museum's narration, employing diverse discursive resources, while adding a coda or a resolution to the institutional narrative.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid inhibits LX2 cells proliferation via decreasing yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif proteins
Authors: Özel Merve , Güçlü Kenan , Helvacı Nazlı , Kilic Eser , Baskol Mevlüt , Baskol Gülden 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Hepatic fibrosis is a complex and dynamic process similar to “wound healing” that results in the progressive accumulation of connective tissue. We aimed to investigate the epigenetic control of liver fibrosis and Hippo pathway in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line. We examined the effect of Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor on the LX2 cell line.

Material and methods
2.5 μM SAHA was treated to LX2 cell line for 2 days. Cell proliferation and apoptosis measurement were performed by Muse Cell Analyzer. Yes-Associated Protein/Transcrıptional Coactivator With Pdz-Binding Motif (YAP/TAZ) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression levels were measured by western blotting.

Results
In our study, we observed that the SAHA treatment reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of LX2 cells statistically. We found that SAHA treatment decreased α-SMA, YAP and TAZ proteins levels statistically.

Conclusion
Decreased cell viability could be due to physiological, autophagical and also related to the apoptotical mechanisms. We thought that SAHA plays an important role in the creation of the fates of the LX2 cell line.
The crystal structures of α-Rb7Sb3Br16, α- and β-Tl7Bi3Br16 and their relationship to close packings of spheres
Authors: Chang Jen-Hui , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Yellow prismatic crystals of rubidium bromido-antimonate(III) Rb7Sb3Br16 and of two different modifications of thallium bromido-bismuthate(III) Tl7Bi3Br16 were obtained by solvent-free synthesis and by precipitation from acidic aqueous solutions. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the Tl7Bi3I16-type for α-Tl7Bi3Br16 (orthorhombic, Cmcm, a = 2324.31(8) pm, b = 1346.69(4) pm, c = 3460.0(1) pm; Pearson symbol oC312) and a new structure type for β-Tl7Bi3Br16 (monoclinic, C2/c, a = 2331.87(5) pm, b = 1343.33(3) pm, c = 3546.01(7) pm, β = 102.708(1)°; mC312). The antimonate Rb7Sb3Br16 adopts the Tl7Bi3I16-type, too (orthorhombic, Cmcm, a = 2347.16(3) pm, b = 1357.89(5) pm, c = 3539.47(9) pm; oC312). The crystal structures of α- and β-Tl7Bi3Br16 comprise alternating slabs of isolated [BiBr6]3– octahedra and [Bi2Br10]4– octahedra pairs. Both structure types are hierarchically organized and can be regarded as sphere close packing with the same stacking sequence, if octahedra and octahedra pairs are replaced by spheres of equal size. The structural relationship between the Tl7Bi3I16-type and the hydrate Na7Bi3Br16 · 18H2O, which comprises similar structural features, is discussed.
Electromagnetic propagation characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystals with metal layers in quasi-parity-time (PT)-symmetric system
Authors: Yu Guanxia , Lv Yihang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cao Ruoyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a parity-time (PT)-symmetrical 1D photonic crystal comprising dispersed silver layers are investigated. Based on the transmission matrix theory, the total reflection and transmission coefficients of the structure are obtained. It was found that, due to the PT-symmetrical structure, the reflections of the left and right incident waves are nonreciprocal. Numerical simulations indicated that the width of the band gap decreases with the increase in the gain and loss factor ρ in the PT medium, and the band gap ultimately disappears when ρ reaches a critical value, i. e.,

ρ

P
T

${\rho }_{PT}$

. With the increase in

ρ
>

ρ

P
T

$\rho { >}{\rho }_{PT}$

, anomalous transmittance and reflection occur within the original bang gap. As the gain and loss factor ρ continue to increase, the abnormal transmittance and reflectivity exhibit a trend of oscillatory decline, and perfect transmission can be achieved at larger values of ρ.
Dependence of the electrical properties of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles decorated by Ag atoms
Authors: Modwi Abueliz , Taha Kamal K. , Khezami Lotfi , Boudina Mohamed , Khairy Mohamed , Al-Duaij Omer K. , Talab Sarra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Silver decorated copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag@Cu-ZnO) were successfully prepared via sol gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed ZnO wurtzite crystalline structure with the existence of minor peaks attributed to Cu and Ag. The presence of Cu and Ag in addition to ZnO lattice was supplementary verified by EDS data while the shift in the FTIR band confirmed the Cu incorporation within the ZnO host lattice. Both SEM and XRD revealed an increase in particle size with Ag loading. At different frequencies, electrical measurements demonstrated a decrement in the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity with the increment of Ag content. Meanwhile, the Nyquist plots of the impedance measurement showed a single semicircle arc indicating the predominance of grain boundary resistance. This study elucidated the great influence of Ag on Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles’ structural, dielectric constant and electrical conductivity which make it a promising candidate for catalytic, photocatalytic and adsorption applications.
Assumptions of the Monetary Policy Council in Fiscal Policy and Protection of Monetary Regime as Public Value
Authors: Ofiarski Zbigniew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The assumptions of the fiscal policy, established and implemented by the organs of the National Bank of Poland, constitute a set of goals of a macroeconomic nature and instruments of their implementation. This work includes an analysis of valid legislation in order to determine the legal nature of the document and its importance for the protection of the constitutional value, which is the monetary regime of the Republic of Poland. The general findings included in the document are supplemented with the issued by the NBP implementing resolutions specifying the rules and mode of applying individual instruments of the fiscal policy. In scope of the formation of the fiscal policy assumptions the legislator assigns the main role to the Monetary Policy Council which is an organ of the NBP. The document is a crucial theme of the cooperation between the organs of the NBP and between the organs and State organs (Sejm, the Council of Ministers and the Minister of Finance). The basic goal of the cooperation is active protection of the public value in the form of the monetary regime and in a broad prospect to obtain financial stability of the State. The assumptions of the fiscal policy integrate the most important organs of the State in their actions for such a monetary regime that should ensure the proper value of money, planning predictability and rationality of decisions in economic matters, protection of real value of savings of the entrepreneurs and households as well as proper operation of the market.
Administrative agreement as a Legal Form of Administration in the Light of the System of Implementation of the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund by Public Finance Sector Entities
Authors: Wojewski Piotr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper indicates the need to change and modify the definition of “administrative agreement” as a legal form of administration’s activity, constructed still in the legal system of the People’s Republic of Poland and limited by its political conditions and the then organizational structure of public authority. This definition has been functioning until now in administration science textbooks, despite the system changes and new challenges facing public administration connected, among others, with the implementation of EU funds, where this legal form of administration activity plays a particularly important role in the system of distribution of structural and cohesion funds on the territory of the Republic of Poland. This change in the doctrinal definition of an administrative agreement would consist in the fact that, while retaining its other elements, the change would concern the status of entities concluding agreements in regards to their “independence”. The current definition allows for the possibility of concluding such an agreement only with entities independent of each other, not being in the administrative subordination structure. On the other hand, the current legal regulations allow for the possibility of concluding such an agreement between entities that are dependent on each other, whether structurally, functionally or politically, though, for example, the possibility of filling managerial positions by a superior entity in an entity that is a party to such an administrative agreement.
Intercultural issues in the Norwegian journalism curriculum
Authors: Økland Øyvind 
Published: July 2020

This study looks into Norwegian journalism curricula and how and to what degree they focus on intercultural issues. The web pages to six different schools are analyzed to see how the objectives are formulated, and how the curricula are composed. The six schools are Oslo University College, Volda University College, Bodø University College, University of Stavanger, Gimlekollen Schoolof Journalism and Communication and University of Bergen. The findings suggest that the schools emphasize educating for practical journalistic skills on behalf of in-depth analysis of contemporary society. Oslo University College and Gimlekollen School of Journalism and Communication focus on intercultural communication and global issues to a larger extent than the others. Based on the results, the study discussed some perspectives that might be needed to equip Norwegian future journalists for a global reality, where there are no longer given and fixed skills for a journalist.
Keywords: journalism education, curriculum, intercultural, global, ethnicity,Norway.
/p>
Entangled in the Net? Would Scandals function under the Conditions of the Internet alone?
Authors: SJ Johannes Ehrat 
Published: July 2020

Using semiotic method of consideration the article investigates judgement power of public sphere in traditional media and internet. The analysis reminds that news stories obey the narrative rules. They become an object for judgement only in a mediation that allows present public opinion. At the same time because of mediation and in accordance with functioning of meta-texts these stories become subject of moralising sanction to their heroes. For mass media, the mediation function creates the parallel universe of the public sphere. The aim of the article is to find an answer whether there exists something in the internet which produces a similar public universe.Theoretical argument lets to conclude that the tribunal of public opinion is not just a meaning apparatus; it also has to be narrated. That means, that the question of justice, of right or wrong, has to be turned into a pragmatic question of performance (how well?) and competence (by whom?). As publicity is only an idea, a meaning apparatus, for normative purposes need to hide behind narrative plausibility. As soon as actors are seen as pragmatic subjects, they are subject to sanctioning. Actually, a source is the direct will of the judging instance, which in the public sphere is the hypostasis of ‘all’.When internet lacks direct mediation instance, it is unable to turn information into narratives. Without public sphere produced by traditional media the internet lacks the meaning. Such stating together with the example of Wikileaks let to conclude that when there is no legitimisation of power, then, no realisation of the pragmatic subject, and in consequence – there is no scandal.
Keywords: common sense, industrial meaning, internet communication, judgement, meta-text, meaning, meaning constraint, moralising, narrative, power (meta-text 1), pragmatic subject (meta-text 2), publicity, public opinion, public sanctioning, scandal, theatre meaning.
Freedom, the Media, and War: an Investigation on Interactions
Authors: Steltemeier Andra 
Published: July 2020

This paper is set to analyze interdependencies of freedom, media, and war. In order to show freedom’s impacts on the latter, first historical and current concepts are discussed. To cope with recent developments in both war and media, a categorization of old and new wars is then depicted in order to sketch the major differences. Terrorism as a new appearance of war is examined in more detail, as it provides a comprehensive example of how all subcomponents of the investigation – freedom, media and war – interact. The media with their special role in regard to freedom, war, and state, are more specified in order to follow the logical scope of the paper. It is shown how the three stated elements reciprocally depend on each other. Lastly, the possible solutions for inhibiting negative interactions are presented. Due to its largest lever, the focus is hereby placed on the media.
Factors that Influence Freedom of Speech and Self-censorship in Mass Media in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Olshevskaya Oksana 
Published: July 2020

An attempt to define the degree of media freedom in contemporary Russia leads to contradiction between the declaration of the mass media freedom provided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union heritage of unequivocal control of the press by the government, described by Siebert et al. (1984) as the Soviet-Communist Press Theory. The reason for this ambiguity could be explained by the great deal of different factors that exert an influence on the journalism, such as features of mass media legislation, governmental control of the media, the diversity of media ownership, sources of media incomes, and traditions of censorship in Russia. The current development of the media legislation in Russia shows no improvement regarding the freedom of speech. In the beginning of the third presidential term in 2012, Vladimir Putin has signed several laws that reduced the freedom of speech through the limitation of public assembly, criminalization of defamation in the mass media, and intensification of governmental censorship on the internet. On the other hand, the contemporary press freedom that appeared in conditions of the new market economy in the beginning of the 1990s has brought discredit as to the conception of an exclusively positive impact of unconditional freedom on the mass media since the newspapers, television and radio channels were controlled by several powerful oligarchs who used the owned mass media to spread and support their political influence. However, after the authorities’ reference in the 2000s the balance was not regained. As a result, the majority of the media outlets in Russia became co-owned or fully controlled by the government. Another crucial aspect of the mass media freedom as the cultural phenomenon should be kept in mind: seven decades of severe censorship could not be erased from the journalism professional community’s memory in several years. The negative experience of predecessors transforms censorship into self-censorship in modern Russia.
BASES, CONCEITOS E NOÇÕES ACERCA DO METABOLISMO ECONÔMICO-SOCIAL-ECOLÓGICO
Authors: Barcelos Tiago Soares , Camargo Pedro Luiz Teixeira , Mota Loyslene Freitas 
Published: July 2020

Trabalhos epistemológicos preocupados em melhor definir os rumos do metabolismo econômico-social-ecológico são poucos, sendo assim, propôs-se neste artigo discutir algumas das principais definições acerca dessa temática; incluindo-se aí: as suas bases, os seus conceitos, os recursos de fluxo de estoques, e ainda os recursos de fundo de serviços. Cabe destacar que a metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi a revisão bibliográfica, com levantamento historiográfico das mais importantes diferenças e definições sobre o tema. Como resultado, podemos dizer que foi percebido ao longo desse artigo como as bases do pensamento da economia ecológica são céticos aos modelos hegemônicos majoritários. Assim, é possível concluir que o crescimento se apresenta como embuste social, pois desconsidera o primado da biologia e da física. Portanto, o crescimento infinito proposto pelos economistas convencionais é simplesmente utópico, não existindo essa possibilidade. Economia Ecológica; Metabolismo Social; Fluxo Circular da Renda; Desenvolvimento; Fluxo Entrópico.
Superpoblación y elevada densidad social. (Presión de la población en Colombia)
Authors: Mendoza Hoyos Hernán 
Published: July 2020

Plantear el problema de la población en términos de densidad geogrófica implica precisamente desconocer los más elementales principios de la geografia humana. Evidentemente, el hombre no es un simple contenido, ni las demarcaciones fronterizas por sí solas pueden hacer del continente físico un país.