bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels across birds and reptiles do not reflect urbanization levels
Authors: Injaian Allison S , Francis Clinton D , Ouyang Jenny Q , Dominoni Davide M , Donald Jeremy W , Fuxjager Matthew J , Goymann Wolfgang , Hau Michaela , Husak Jerry F , Johnson Michele A , Kircher Bonnie K , Knapp Rosemary , Martin Lynn B , Miller Eliot T , Schoenle Laura A , Williams Tony D , Vitousek Maren N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rates of human-induced environmental change continue increasing with human population size, potentially altering animal physiology and negatively affecting wildlife. Researchers often use glucocorticoid concentrations (hormones that can be associated with stressors) to gauge the impact of anthropogenic factors (e.g. urbanization, noise and light pollution). Yet, no general relationships between human-induced environmental change and glucocorticoids have emerged. Given the number of recent studies reporting baseline and stress-induced corticosterone (the primary glucocorticoid in birds and reptiles) concentrations worldwide, it is now possible to conduct large-scale comparative analyses to test for general associations between disturbance and baseline and stress-induced corticosterone across species. Additionally, we can control for factors that may influence context, such as life history stage, environmental conditions and urban adaptability of a species. Here, we take a phylogenetically informed approach and use data from HormoneBase to test if baseline and stress-induced corticosterone are valid indicators of exposure to human footprint index, human population density, anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night in birds and reptiles. Our results show a negative relationship between anthropogenic noise and baseline corticosterone for birds characterized as urban avoiders. While our results potentially indicate that urban avoiders are more sensitive to noise than other species, overall our study suggests that the relationship between human-induced environmental change and corticosterone varies across species and contexts; we found no general relationship between human impacts and baseline and stress-induced corticosterone in birds, nor baseline corticosterone in reptiles. Therefore, it should not be assumed that high or low levels of exposure to human-induced environmental change are associated with high or low corticosterone levels, respectively, or that closely related species, or even individuals, will respond similarly. Moving forward, measuring alternative physiological traits alongside reproductive success, health and survival may provide context to better understand the potential negative effects of human-induced environmental change.
The schoolboys’ revenge: how the golden line entered classical scholarship
Authors: Mayer Kenneth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe golden line, a Latin versification exercise in British classrooms since at least 1612, appears to have no basis in the classical tradition. It was resisted by the academy for decades — if not centuries. Then, as Latin versification ceded its central role in schools and universities, resistance withered. New generations of scholars had never encountered the golden line as a composition exercise, and they saw instead the golden line as a critical tool for interpreting Latin poetry. After the 1950s, the golden line spread to Italy, Spain, Belgium, Germany, France, and beyond. A classroom exercise helped shape scholarship worldwide. Yet the golden line is an even more striking example of scholarship from below, because it thrived due to its documented appeal to the students who identified and composed them. From the 1600s until today, students have expressed pride and joy in identifying and composing golden lines. Student preferences often shape pedagogical canons and classroom practice, but the golden line went still further. Today, Latinists worldwide analyse poets of the classical canon by counting and discussing their golden lines. Student preferences for a school exercise have changed not only pedagogy but scholarly practice.
Factors associated with under-5 mortality in three disadvantaged East African districts
Authors: Agho Kingsley E , Ezeh Osita K , Ferdous Akhi J , Mbugua Irene , Kamara Joseph K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe high rate of avoidable child mortality in disadvantaged communities in Africa is an important health problem. This article examines factors associated with mortality in children &lt;5 y of age in three disadvantaged East African districts.MethodsPooled cross-sectional data on 9270 live singleton births from rural districts in Rwanda (Gicumbi), Uganda (Kitgum) and Tanzania (Kilindi) were analysed using logistic regression generalized linear latent and mixed models to adjust for clustering and sampling weights. Mortality outcomes were neonatal (0–30 d), post-neonatal (1–11 months), infant (0–11 months), child (1–4 y) and under-5 y (0–4 y).ResultsThe odds of post-neonatal and infant mortality were lower among children delivered by a health professional (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.62 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.47–0.81] for post-neonatal; AOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.46–0.79] for infant), mothers who had four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy (AOR 0.66 [95% CI 0.51–0.85]) and mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 1 h after birth (AOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.47–0.78]). Neonates not exclusively breastfed had higher mortality (AOR 3.88 [95% CI 1.58–9.52]). Children who lived &gt;6 h away from the nearest health centre (6–23 h: AOR 1.66 [95% CI 1.4–2.0] and ≥24 h: AOR 1.43 [95% CI 1.26–1.72]) reported higher mortality rates in children &lt;5 y of age.ConclusionsInterventions for reducing deaths in children ≤5 y of age in disadvantaged East African communities should be strengthened to target communities &gt;6 h away from health centres and mothers who received inadequate ANC visits during pregnancy.
Urgent call for a global enforcement of the public sharing of health emergencies data: lesson learned from serious arboviral disease epidemics in Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Ayman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One crucial element of the timely detection and identification of the causative agent(s) of a health emergency is access to live and historical data about the health risks in the area of concern. Therefore, sharing data on health emergencies is essential to the early investigation and detection teams. Although, theoretically, there is a global agreement on sharing data rapidly, in practice this is not always the case, particularly in developing countries such as Sudan, where there is continuous failure in making epidemics-related data publicly available. An alternative model for information and data sharing is suggested.
Temperature and pH-Dependent Stability of Mitragyna Alkaloids
Authors: Basiliere Stephanie , Kerrigan Sarah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mitragynine (MG) is the principal psychoactive alkaloid in kratom. The drug produces a variety of dose-dependent effects that appeal to recreational drug users and individuals seeking therapeutic benefits in the absence of medical supervision. In light of documented intoxications, hospitalizations and fatalities, MG and other alkaloids from Mitragyna speciosa are of growing importance to the forensic toxicology community. However, the chemical stability of these compounds has not been thoroughly described. In this report, the stability of MG, 7-hydroxymitragynine (MG-OH), speciociliatine (SC), speciogynine (SG) and paynantheine (PY) are investigated. Short-term stability of the Mitragyna alkaloids was determined over a range of pH (2–10) and temperature (4–80°C) over 8 hours. Liquid chromatography--quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to estimate half-lives and identify degradation products where possible. The stability of MG and other alkaloids was highly dependent on pH and temperature. All of the Mitragyna alkaloids studied were acid labile. Under alkaline conditions, MG undergoes chemical hydrolysis of the methyl ester to produce 16-carboxymitragynine. MG-OH was the most unstable alkaloid studied, with significant drug loss at 8 hours experienced at temperatures of 40°C and above. No significant drug losses were observed for MG in aqueous solution (pH 2–10) at 4, 20 or 40°C. Diastereoisomers of MG (SC and SG) demonstrated even greater stability. These findings are discussed within the context of the identification of Mitragyna alkaloids in toxicological specimens.
Clinicopathologic Features of Diencephalic Neuronal and Glioneuronal Tumors
Authors: Ho Cheng-Ying , Bornhorst Miriam , Almira-Suarez M Isabel , Donev Kliment , Grafe Marjorie , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Rodriguez Fausto J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Neuronal/mixed glioneuronal tumors are central nervous system neoplasms composed of neoplastic neuronal cell components or a mixture of glial and neuronal elements. They occur in cerebral hemispheres, posterior fossa, and spinal cord. Compared with other tumors at these locations, diencephalic neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are very rare and therefore not well characterized. We hereby performed clinicopathologic evaluation on 10 neuronal/glioneuronal tumors arising from the diencephalic region. Morphologically, these tumors resemble their histologic counterparts in other locations, except that lymphocytic infiltrates and microcalcifications are more common than Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies. The BRAFV600 mutation rate is 75%. Given the high percentage of samples being small biopsy specimens, the subtle histologic features and molecular findings greatly aided in establishing the pathologic diagnosis in several cases. At a median follow-up of 42 months, 71% of the tumors demonstrated radiological recurrence or progression, with median progression-free survival of 18 months. Recurrence/progression is observed in tumors across different histologic subtypes, necessitating additional therapies in 56% of the cases. Despite their bland histology, diencephalic neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are not clinically indolent. Their frequent recurrences warrant a close follow-up, and the prevalent BRAF mutation makes MAPK pathway inhibition a plausible treatment option when conventional therapies fail.
Caregiver–Child Discrepancies in Reports of Child Emotional Symptoms in Pediatric Chronic Pain
Authors: Martin Sarah R , Zeltzer Lonnie K , Seidman Laura C , Allyn Katherine E , Payne Laura A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Pediatric chronic pain evaluation includes self-reports and/or caregiver proxy-reports across biopsychosocial domains. Limited data exist on the effects of caregiver–child discrepancies in pediatric pain assessment. In children with chronic pain, we examined associations among discrepancies in caregiver–child reports of child anxiety and depressive symptoms and child functional impairment.

Methods
Participants were 202 children (Mage=14.49 ± 2.38 years; 68.8% female) with chronic pain and their caregivers (95.5% female). Children and caregivers completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and RCADS-Parent, respectively. Children also completed the Functional Disability Inventory. Mean difference tests examined caregiver–child discrepancies. Moderation analyses examined whether associations between child self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms and functional impairment varied as a function of caregiver proxy-report.

Results
Children reported more anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with their caregivers’ proxy-reports (Z = −4.83, p &lt; .001). Both informants’ reports of child anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with child functional impairment (rs = .44, rs = .30, p &lt; .001). Caregiver proxy-report moderated associations between child-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms and functional impairment (B = −0.007, p = .003). When caregiver proxy-report was low, child self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms were positively related to functional impairment (B = 0.28, SE = 0.07, 95% CI [0.15, 0.41], p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Discrepant caregiver–child perceptions of child anxiety and depressive symptoms may be associated with functioning in children with chronic pain, especially when caregivers report less child internalizing symptoms. These findings highlight the need for further examination of the effects of caregiver–child discrepancies on pediatric chronic pain outcomes and may indicate targets for intervention.
High-stakes innovation: When collaboration in teams enhances (or undermines) innovation in professional service firms
Authors: Cromwell Johnathan R , Gardner Heidi K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProfessionals need to develop increasingly innovative solutions to complex problems, which are often cocreated through client–professional collaborations, but this demand creates a theoretical and practical tension. On the one hand, professionals need to establish long-standing relationships with clients so they can deeply understand their client’s business and develop more effective solutions. On the other hand, such strong relationships can breed similar perspectives that undermine their ability to develop more innovative ideas. To resolve this conflict, we introduce a new contextual condition to the literature that is fundamentally associated with innovation in organizations—the stakes of an innovation project—and develop theory explaining how it creates conditions under which familiarity either enhances or undermines innovation in teams. Using a mixed-method approach to study an innovation contest held in the legal industry, we found that under lower-stakes conditions, collaboration in new teams was positively associated with innovation and produced significantly more innovative outcomes than collaboration in long-standing teams. But under higher-stakes conditions, these effects reversed. When exploring the mechanisms underlying our results, we found that familiarity was valuable for innovation under higher-stakes conditions primarily because teams with shared perspectives took greater risks on more innovative ideas during the selection stage of the innovation process.
CHILES VI: H i and H α observations for z &lt; 0.1 galaxies; probing H i spin alignment with filaments in the cosmic web
Authors: Blue Bird J , Davis J , Luber N , van Gorkom J H , Wilcots E , Pisano D J , Gim H B , Momjian E , Fernandez X , Hess K M , Lucero D , Dodson R , Vinsen K , Popping A , Chung A , Kreckel K , van der Hulst J M , Yun M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present neutral hydrogen (H i) and ionized hydrogen (H α) observations of 10 galaxies out to a redshift of 0.1. The H i observations are from the first epoch (178 h) of the COSMOS H i Large Extragalactic Survey (CHILES). Our sample is H i biased and consists of 10 late-type galaxies with H i masses that range from 1.8 × 107 M⊙ to 1.1 × 1010 M⊙. We find that although the majority of galaxies show irregularities in the morphology and kinematics, they generally follow the scaling relations found in larger samples. We find that the H i and H α velocities reach the flat part of the rotation curve. We identify the large-scale structure in the nearby CHILES volume using DisPerSE with the spectroscopic catalogue from SDSS. We explore the gaseous properties of the galaxies as a function of location in the cosmic web. We also compare the angular momentum vector (spin) of the galaxies to the orientation of the nearest cosmic web filament. Our results show that galaxy spins tend to be aligned with cosmic web filaments and show a hint of a transition mass associated with the spin angle alignment.
Testing for calibration systematics in the EDGES low-band data using Bayesian model selection
Authors: Sims Peter H , Pober Jonathan C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Cosmic Dawn (CD), when the first stars and proto-galaxies began to form, is commonly expected to be accompanied by an absorption signature at radio frequencies. This feature arises as Lyman α photons emitted by these first luminous objects couple the 21 cm excitation temperature of intergalactic hydrogen gas to its kinetic temperature, driving it into absorption relative to the cosmic microwave background. The detailed properties of this absorption profile encode powerful information about the physics of CD. Recently, Bowman et al. analysed data from the EDGES low-band radio antenna and found an unexpectedly deep absorption profile centred at 78 MHz, which could be a detection of this signature. Their specific analysis fit their measurements using a polynomial foreground model, a flattened Gaussian absorption profile, and a white noise model; we argue that a more accurate model, that includes a detailed noise model and accounting for the effects of plausible calibration errors, is essential for describing the EDGES data set. We perform a Bayesian evidence-based comparison of models of the EDGES low-band data set and find that those incorporating these additional components are decisively preferred. The subset of the best-fitting models of the data that include a global signal favours an amplitude consistent with standard cosmological assumptions (A &lt; 209 mK). However, there is not strong evidence to favour models of the data including a global 21 cm signal over those without one. Ultimately, we find that the derivation of robust constraints on astrophysics from the data is limited by the presence of systematics.
Developing a unified pipeline for large-scale structure data analysis with angular power spectra – II. A case study for magnification bias and radio continuum surveys
Authors: Tanidis Konstantinos , Camera Stefano , Parkinson David 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Following on our purpose of developing a unified pipeline for large-scale structure data analysis with angular power spectra, we now include the weak lensing effect of magnification bias on galaxy clustering in a publicly available, modular parameter estimation code. We thus forecast constraints on the parameters of the concordance cosmological model, dark energy, and modified gravity theories from galaxy clustering tomographic angular power spectra. We find that a correct modelling of magnification is crucial not to bias the parameter estimation, especially in the case of deep galaxy surveys. Our case study adopts specifications of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe, which is a full-sky, deep radio-continuum survey, expected to probe the Universe up to redshift z ∼ 6. We assume the Limber approximation, and include magnification bias on top of density fluctuations and redshift-space distortions. By restricting our analysis to the regime where the Limber approximation holds true, we significantly minimize the computational time needed, compared to that of the exact calculation. We also show that there is a trend for more biased parameter estimates from neglecting magnification when the redshift bins are very wide. We conclude that this result implies a strong dependence on the lensing contribution, which is an integrated effect and becomes dominant when wide redshift bins are considered. Finally, we note that instead of being considered a contaminant, magnification bias encodes important cosmological information, and its inclusion leads to an alleviation of its degeneracy between the galaxy bias and the amplitude normalization of the matter fluctuations.
Hybridization-mediated off-target effects of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Scharner Juergen , Ma Wai Kit , Zhang Qian , Lin Kuan-Ting , Rigo Frank , Bennett C Frank , Krainer Adrian R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which bind specific RNA-target sequences and modulate pre-mRNA splicing by sterically blocking the binding of splicing factors to the pre-mRNA, are a promising therapeutic modality to treat a range of genetic diseases. ASOs are typically 15–25 nt long and considered to be highly specific towards their intended target sequence, typically elements that control exon definition and/or splice-site recognition. However, whether or not splice-modulating ASOs also induce hybridization-dependent mis-splicing of unintended targets has not been systematically studied. Here, we tested the in vitro effects of splice-modulating ASOs on 108 potential off-targets predicted on the basis of sequence complementarity, and identified 17 mis-splicing events for one of the ASOs tested. Based on analysis of data from two overlapping ASO sequences, we conclude that off-target effects are difficult to predict, and the choice of ASO chemistry influences the extent of off-target activity. The off-target events caused by the uniformly modified ASOs tested in this study were significantly reduced with mixed-chemistry ASOs of the same sequence. Furthermore, using shorter ASOs, combining two ASOs, and delivering ASOs by free uptake also reduced off-target activity. Finally, ASOs with strategically placed mismatches can be used to reduce unwanted off-target splicing events.
Explaining central bank trust in an inflation-targeting country: the case of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Authors: Hayo Bernd , Neumeier Florian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Employing data from a representative population survey conducted in New Zealand in 2016, this paper examines factors that influence, or are at least associated with, public trust in the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ). The large number of specifically designed questions allows the study of the relationship between six groups of variables and RBNZ trust: (i) economic situation, (ii) monetary policy knowledge, (iii) non-specific trust, (iv) interest and information search, (v) politicians and government, and (vi) socio-demographic indicators. Using ordered logit models, we find that respondents who put more trust in RBNZ are financially satisfied, have more objective and subjective knowledge about the RBNZ, have higher trust in government institutions, are interested in the RBNZ, are older, and are self-employed. The reverse impact is found for those who do not acquire information about the RBNZ and believe that politicians foster the long-term well-being of their country. Institutional trust has the greatest economic impact.