bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and clinical significance of augmentation spectra in solar urticaria
Authors: Uetsu Naoko , Nomura Yuki , Matsuyama Yoshie , Okamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolar urticaria has unique spectra, such as inhibition and augmentation. The clinical significance of these spectra, especially augmentation, is not well understood. Reported cases of solar urticaria with augmentation spectra are extremely rare in the published English‐language work. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the clinical features of solar urticaria with augmentation spectra and to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical importance of the spectra. We experienced 11 cases (five females, six males; mean age, 40.1 years; range, 1–74) of solar urticaria with augmentation spectra from April 2007 to July 2019. Augmentation spectra were UV‐B in three cases, UV‐A in two, visible light in four, UV‐A and UV‐B in one, and UV‐A and visible light in one. Augmentation spectra were observed before action spectra in four cases, after in six, and before and after in one. Injection of sera irradiated with action spectra and augmentation spectra in vitro induced stronger immediate reactions than those of only action spectrum‐irradiated sera in four of five cases. The results of injection tests suggested that augmentation spectra enhance the production of urticaria‐forming factor. Clinically, we observed severe urticarial reactions in four cases, including anaphylaxis in three and moderate urticarial reactions in three. These results suggest that augmentation spectra are not as rare as previously thought and that they are associated with the severity of solar urticaria. Therefore, phototesting for both augmentation and action spectra should be performed to provide appropriate guidance for patients with solar urticaria.
Effect of foreign exchange intervention: The case of Korea
Authors: Lee Seojin , Kim Young Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing a rolling‐window approach that allows time‐varying coefficients, we estimate the vector autoregressive model with the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to analyse the effectiveness of foreign exchange interventions in Korea. Our results show that a negative shock in international reserves (buying domestic currency or selling foreign currency) results in a significant appreciation of the domestic currency, a reduction in implied volatility and an increase in capital inflows. We also find that Korean exchange rate policies focus on the stabilization of the foreign exchange market rather than the depreciation of the Korean won. These patterns appear more obvious after the 2008 global financial crisis. This suggests that time variation should be taken into account to better understand the effects of foreign exchange interventions.
Application of harmonic radar to analyze dispersal behavior of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Yi , Zha Yu‐Ping , Cai San‐Shan , Hong Cheng‐Hao , Liang Peng , Chen Jing‐Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMonochamus alternatus (Hope) is a severe wood‐boring pest in coniferous forests and a major vector of pine wilt disease in East Asia. Harmonic radar is a powerful tool for studying the dispersal behavior of insects and it could be applied to control pine wilt disease. In this study, we validated the application of harmonic radar for analyzing the dispersal behavior of M. alternatus beetles in a field environment. We determined the wing capacities of the beetles and the effects of electronic tagging and marking on their movement, flight ability, survivorship, and food consumption in the laboratory to confirm the suitability of this technique. The detection rate and recovery rate for beetles were analyzed separately using radar on caged pine stands and in the field environment. The results showed that the minimum wing capacity of the Japanese pine sawyer was 24.9 mg, which was seven times the weight of the electronic tag (3.5 mg). Marking and tagging the beetles had no significant adverse effects on their movement, flight capacity, food consumption, and survivorship. The detection rate using the radar system and recovery rate based on visual observations of the beetles in caged pines were both 95.6%. However, in the field environment, the detection and recovery rates were only 55.6% and 37.8% after one week, respectively, and 33.3% and 7.8% after two weeks. Harmonic radar is a promising technique for studying the dispersal behavior of the Japanese pine sawyer, but its performance is not satisfactory and major improvements are required for both the radar system and electronic tags.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the moderating effect of rs1799971 in OPRM1, the mu‐opioid receptor gene, on response to naltrexone treatment of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Hartwell Emily E. , Feinn Richard , Morris Paige E. , Gelernter Joel , Krystal John , Arias Albert J. , Hoffman Michaela , Petrakis Ismene , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Schacht Joseph P. , Oslin David , Anton Raymond F. , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is wide inter‐individual variability in response to the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. To identify patients who may be most responsive to naltrexone treatment, studies have examined the moderating effect of rs1799971, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that encodes a non‐synonymous substitution (Asn40Asp) in the mu‐opioid receptor gene, OPRM1. The aims of this study were to: (1) conduct a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs); (2) assess the bias of the available studies and gauge publication bias; and (3) meta‐analyze the interaction effect of the Asn40Asp SNP on the response to naltrexone treatment.MethodsWe searched for placebo‐controlled RCTs that examined the effect of Asn40Asp on the response to naltrexone treatment of heavy drinking or AUD. We tested the hypothesis that the minor (Asp40) allele was associated with a greater reduction in five alcohol consumption measures (relapse to heavy drinking, abstinence, percentage of heavy drinking days, percentage of days abstinent and drinks per day) in naltrexone‐treated participants by meta‐analyzing the interaction effects using a random effects model.ResultsSeven RCTs met the study criteria. Overall, risk of bias was low and we observed no evidence of publication bias. Of the five alcohol consumption outcomes considered, there was a nominally significant moderating effect of the Asn40Asp SNP only on drinks per day (d = −0.18, P = 0.02). However, the effect was not significant when multiple comparisons were taken into account.ConclusionsFrom the evidence to date, it remains unclear whether rs1799971, the OPRM1 Asn40Asp single nucleotide polymorphism, predicts naltrexone treatment response in individuals with alcohol use disorder or heavy drinking.
The safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Smith Felicity C. , Stocker Sophie L. , Danta Mark , Carland Jane E. , Kumar Shaun S. , Liu Zhixin , Greenfield Jerry R. , Braithwaite Hannah E. , Cheng Tim S. , Graham Garry G. , Williams Kenneth M. , Day Richard O. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe FDA approved ‘label’ for metformin lists hepatic insufficiency as a risk for lactic acidosis. Little evidence supports this warning.AimsTo investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsChronic liver disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied by a cross‐sectional survey of patients already prescribed metformin (n = 34), and by a prospective study where metformin (500 mg, immediate release, twice daily) for up to 6 weeks was prescribed (n = 24). Plasma metformin and lactate concentrations were monitored. Individual pharmacokinetics were obtained and compared to previously published values from healthy and T2DM populations without CLD.ResultsAll plasma metformin and lactate concentrations remained below the putative safety thresholds (metformin, 5 mg/L; lactate, 5 mmol/L). Lactate concentrations were unrelated to average steady‐state metformin concentrations. In patients with CLD, T2DM was associated with higher plasma lactate concentrations (48% higher than those without T2DM,P < 0.0001). CLD patients with cirrhosis had 23% higher lactate concentrations than those without cirrhosis (P = 0.01). The pharmacokinetics of metformin in CLD patients were similar to patients with T2DM and no liver disease. The ratio of apparent metformin clearance (CLMet/F) to creatinine clearance was marginally lower in CLD patients compared to healthy subjects (median, interquartile range; 12.6, 9.5‐15.9 vs 14.9, 13.4‐16.4;P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetics of metformin are not altered sufficiently in CLD patients to raise concerns regarding unsafe concentrations of metformin. There were no unsafe plasma lactate concentrations observed in CLD patients receiving metformin (ACTRN12619001292167; ACTRN12619001348145).
Theory of mind development from adolescence to adulthood: Testing the two‐component model
Authors: Meinhardt‐Injac Bozana , Daum Moritz M. , Meinhardt Günter 
Published: January 2020

The ability to infer mental and affective states of others is crucial for social functioning. This ability, denoted as Theory of Mind (ToM), develops rapidly during childhood, yet results on its development across adolescence and into young adulthood are rare. In the present study, we tested the two‐component model, measuring age‐related changes in social‐perceptual and social‐cognitive ToM in a sample of 267 participants between 11 and 25 years of age. Additionally, we measured language, reasoning, and inhibitory control as major covariates. Participants inferred mental states from non‐verbal cues in a social‐perceptual task (Eye Test) and from stories with faux pas in a social‐cognitive task (Faux Pas Test). Results showed substantial improvement across adolescence in both ToM measures and in the covariates. Analysis with linear mixed models (LMM) revealed specific age‐related growth for the social‐perceptual component, while the age‐related increase of the social‐cognitive component fully aligned with the increase of the covariates. These results support the distinction between ToM components and indicate that adolescence is a crucial period for developing social‐perceptual ToM abilities.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

To date, much research has been dedicated to Theory of Mind (ToM) development in early and middle childhood. However, only a few studies have examined development of ToM in adolescence.

Studies so far suggest age‐related differences in ToM between adolescents and young adults.

What this study adds

The study offers several methodological advantages including a large sample size with a continuous distribution of age (age 11–25) and the use of a comprehensive test battery to assess ToM and covariates (language, executive functions, reasoning).

The results provide evidence for asymmetries in the development of two ToM components (social‐perceptual and social‐cognitive; the two‐component account) across the studied age range:

the social perceptual component showed specific development, while the age‐related increase of the social‐cognitive component fully aligned with increase of the covariates.

Adolescence is a crucial period for developing social‐perceptual ToM abilities.
Impact of treatment variability and clinicopathological characteristics on survival in patients with Epstein‐Barr‐Virus positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Witte Hanno M. , Merz Hartmut , Biersack Harald , Bernard Veronica , Riecke Armin , Gebauer Judith , Lehnert Hendrik , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Feller Alfred C. , Gebauer Niklas 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPatients with EBV‐positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (EBV+ DLBCL (NOS)) recurrently present with advanced age and reduced performance status. They are therefore insufficiently represented in clinical trials and treatment is likely to differ. Here we assess clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic variability and clinical outcome in the largest consecutively diagnosed EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) cohort published to date (n = 80; median age 70 years; range 19–90). Centralized and systematic haematopathological panel review was performed. By immunohistochemistry 60/80 patients were CD30‐positive. Further, we identified nine EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients with associated or composite peripheral T cell lymphoma at diagnosis or relapse (preceded by clonal T cell populations within the initial DLBCL biopsy in 4/5 cases). Most patients (80%) were treated with R‐CHOP‐type therapy and 16 patients received none or less intensiveprotocols. Upon univariate analysis both R‐CHOP‐type therapy (OS: P < 0.0001; PFS: P = 0.0617) and negativity for CD30 (OS: P = 0.0002; PFS: P = 0.0002) showed a protective 66 effect, maintained upon multivariate analysis. In a propensity‐score matched analysis with a cohort of non‐EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients, balanced for all revised‐international prognostic index factors, we found an EBV‐association to hold no significant impact on progression‐free and overall survival whilst exhibiting a trend favouring EBV‐negativity (OS: P = 0.116; PFS: P = 0.269). Our findings provide insight into the clinical course of EBV+ DLBCL (NOS), highlight the ramifications of CD30‐expression and underline the superior therapeutic efficacy of R‐CHOP immunochemotherapy. Alternative therapies, incorporating tumour biology (e.g. CD30 directed therapies) need to be explored in EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients. Moreover our data advert to the close relationship between EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) and peripheral T cell lymphomas.
Semimechanistic Modeling to Guide Venetoclax Coadministration with Ritonavir and Digoxin
Authors: Alhadab Ali A. , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Freise Kevin J. 
Published: January 2020

Venetoclax is a cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A (CYP3A) substrate and was shown to inhibit P‐gp efflux transporters in vitro. To quantify the impact of CYP3A inhibition by ritonavir on venetoclax disposition and P‐gp inhibition by venetoclax on digoxin pharmacokinetics, two semimechanistic drug‐drug interaction (DDI) models of venetoclax were developed using clinical data from healthy volunteers who received subtherapeutic doses of venetoclax with ritonavir 50–100 mg or digoxin 0.5 mg. These models were then used to assess the magnitude of interaction at therapeutic venetoclax doses and to explore various clinical dosing strategies that maintain venetoclax and digoxin concentrations within their respective therapeutic windows. Simulations demonstrated that venetoclax dose reductions of at least 75% are needed when venetoclax is coadministered with ritonavir and administering digoxin at least 2 hours before venetoclax would minimize DDI. Semimechanistic modeling leveraging clinical data is a plausible approach to predict DDI and propose dose adjustments, and administration time of interacting drugs.
Developing Family Science Professionals: Towards a Reflexive Process through Student's Development of a Philosophy Statement
Authors: Martin‐Cuellar Ashley , Jaquish Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Development of a philosophy statement for family science prompts students to reflect and critically examine their why in relation to their work with families. Such reflexivity orients students toward a specific professional career and may also help them identify within that career as they grow professionally by acknowledging beliefs and values that brought them into the work. This article presents (i) a philosophy statement development process for family science students and (ii) feedback from students enrolled in a family studies field experience class about their engagement in the process. Four themes emerged from 20 student reflections. The themes were as follows: being overwhelmed, challenged to think deeper, designated reflection time, and collective class process.
Decreased carbon accumulation feedback driven by climate‐induced drying of two southern boreal bogs over recent centuries
Authors: Zhang Hui , Väliranta Minna , Piilo Sanna , Amesbury Matthew J. , Aquino‐López Marco A. , Roland Thomas P. , Salminen‐Paatero Susanna , Paatero Jussi , Lohila Annalea , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNorthern boreal peatlands are important ecosystems in modulating global biogeochemical cycles, yet their biological communities and related carbon dynamics are highly sensitive to changes in climate. Despite this, the strength and recent direction of these feedbacks are still unclear. The response of boreal peatlands to climate warming has received relatively little attention compared with other northern peatland types, despite forming a large northern hemisphere‐wide ecosystem. Here, we studied the response of two ombrotrophic boreal peatlands to climate variability over the last c. 200 years for which local meteorological data are available. We used remains from plants and testate amoebae to study historical changes in peatland biological communities. These data were supplemented by peat property (bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content), 14C, 210Pb and 137Cs analyses and were used to infer changes in peatland hydrology and carbon dynamics. In total, six peat cores, three per study site, were studied that represent different microhabitats: low hummock (LH), high lawn and low lawn. The data show a consistent drying trend over recent centuries, represented mainly as a change from wet habitat Sphagnum spp. to dry habitat S. fuscum. Summer temperature and precipitation appeared to be important drivers shaping peatland community and surface moisture conditions. Data from the driest microhabitat studied, LH, revealed a clear and strong negative linear correlation (R2 = .5031; p < .001) between carbon accumulation rate and peat surface moisture conditions: under dry conditions, less carbon was accumulated. This suggests that at the dry end of the moisture gradient, availability of water regulates carbon accumulation. It can be further linked to the decreased abundance of mixotrophic testate amoebae under drier conditions (R2 = .4207; p < .001). Our study implies that if effective precipitation decreases in the future, the carbon uptake capacity of boreal bogs may be threatened.
Tailoring an information skills programme for Trainee Nursing Associates
Authors: Froste Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis feature describes the tailored information skills programme which was delivered for the second cohort of Trainee Nursing Associates (TNAs) at Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and presents the results of the evaluation which was undertaken. Literature searching and critical appraisal were offered to the first cohort. Feedback was collated, and sessions were refined and tailored to better meet the information needs of the second cohort of TNAs. A comparison of confidence ratings before and after the programme ascertained whether the information skills programme had a positive benefit in confidence levels of attendees. D.I.
Evaluating webinar‐based training: a mixed methods study of trainee reactions toward digital web conferencing
Authors: Gegenfurtner Andreas , Zitt Alexander , Ebner Christian 
Published: January 2020

What are the reactions of training participants toward digital webinar‐based training programs? Webinars are digital tools to deliver training and education through synchronous audiovisual communication among remotely located training instructors and participants. A webinar is a special case of web conferencing that serves the educational function of learning and teaching. Because the previous literature underemphasized the webinar process and qualitative learner experiences, the present study aimed to explore the reactions of 419 trainees toward 48 webinars in the four content areas supply chain management, industrial management, early childhood education and mathematics, the present study used a sequential mixed methods research design. The quantitative part of the study employed a multi‐item online questionnaire to measure satisfaction and reactions toward the webinar trainer; survey responses were analyzed to estimate mean differences across webinars. The qualitative part of the study employed narrative interviews with 23 trainees; interview transcripts were analyzed with qualitative content analysis to identify how the instructional design, webinar content and implementation can be improved for future web conferences. The findings indicate that early childhood education trainees had the highest satisfaction levels. Trainees preferred greater levels of learner‐teacher interaction, less time spent on discussing task solutions collaboratively and digital webinar recordings as a follow‐up possibility at home or in the workplace. Trainees also liked the fact that webinars afforded the possibility to deepen the content, to prepare for upcoming exams and to have virtual consultation hours with the facilitator. Furthermore, trainees preferred webinars no longer than 90 min and webinars on weekdays after work rather than at weekends. Optimal internet/broadband connections were perceived as a requirement across web conferencing and virtual classroom programs for effective digital education. Implications of the findings for educational technology, human resource development and professional learning are discussed.
Worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses: A comprehensive meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Lu Li , Dong Min , Lok Grace K. I. , Feng Yuan , Wang Gang , Ng Chee H. , Ungvari Gabor S. , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsSexual harassment towards nurses is a major concern universally, but no meta‐analysis on the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses has yet been published. This study examined the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses and explored its moderating factors.DesignMeta‐analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesThe PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from their commencement date to February 2018 were systematically and independently searched by two investigators.Review methodsData on the prevalence of sexual harassment experienced by nurses were extracted and pooled using the random‐effects model.ResultsA total of 43 studies covering 52,345 nurses were included in the analyses. Female nurses accounted for 83.87% of the 32,970 subjects in 25 studies with available data on gender ratio. The prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses in the past 12 months and during nursing career were 12.6% (95% CI: 10.9–14.4%) and 53.4% (95% CI: 23.1–83.7%), respectively. Gender, use of the WHO questionnaires, lower middle‐income and high‐income countries, sample size, survey year, and mean age of subjects were significantly associated with the prevalence of sexual harassment.ConclusionThe high prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses found in this meta‐analysis represents the ongoing sexism and deleterious effects (e.g., poor work quality and efficiency, increased stress and job dissatisfaction) in the profession. Appropriate preventive measures, training, and empowerment of nurses are needed to ensure workplace safety and equality in this profession.ImpactThe study addressed the worldwide prevalence of sexual harassment against nurses and its moderating factors. Health authorities and hospital administrators should develop organizational policy and preventive strategies to ensure nurses’ workplace safety and equality.