bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility assurance: a systematic review of archival research
Authors: Velte Patrick 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the governance-related and financial determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility assurance (CSRA).Design/methodology/approachBased on a legitimacy theoretical framework and on the business case argument, the author conducts a structured literature review and includes 66 quantitative peer-reviewed empirical (archival) studies on key CSRA proxies (CSRA adoption, choice of CSR assuror and CSRA quality).FindingsIn line with the business case for CSRA, the literature review indicates that internal corporate governance, country-related governance and specific financial determinants as reporting, firm size and industry (sensitivity) have a positive impact on CSRA adoption.Research limitations/implicationsA detailed analysis of CSRA proxies is needed in future archival research to differentiate between symbolic and substantive use of CSRA. In view of the current regulatory initiatives on CSR reporting and their decision usefulness, future research should also analyze in greater depth CSRA proxies as moderator and mediator variables.Practical implicationsWith regard to the increased stakeholder demand on CSRA after the financial crisis of 2008–2009, firms should be aware of the value-added of CSRA to increase the decision usefulness of their CSR reports and firm reputation.Originality/valueThe analysis makes useful contributions to prior literature by focussing on empirical quantitative (archival) research method, structuring research on the business case for CSRA with respect to its governance and financial determinants and consequences for firms and stressing moderator analysis in archival CSRA research.
The role of browsers in maintaining the openness of savanna grazing lawns
Authors: Voysey Michael D. , Archibald Sally , Bond William J. , Donaldson Jason E. , Carla Staver A. , Greve Michelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

In savannas, ruminant herbivores can have divergent impacts on tree recruitment and subsequent woody cover. Whereas heavy grazing by cattle results in woody thickening, intensive grazing by wildlife instead tends to be associated with lower woody cover.

To disentangle why woody cover is low in areas heavily grazed by wildlife, we investigated (a) whether grazing lawns attract indigenous mammalian browsers, and if a preference for short‐grass habitat decreases with browser body mass as predator susceptibility decreases; and (b) whether browser attraction to grazing lawns translates into the suppression of woody plants, including seedlings and saplings, thus maintaining the openness of heavily grazed short‐grass areas.

In Kruger National Park, South Africa, we contrasted browser abundance (using dung counts) on grazing lawns and on low‐herbivory sites characterised by tall grass. Additionally, a herbivore exclosure experiment was set up to investigate the combined impact of browser removal and grass height habitat type on seedling survival and sapling growth of a dominant woody plant species. Finally, in Hluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park (HiP), we examined the long‐term (10 years) impact of browser removal on the growth rates of a range of woody species, monitored across ten sites along a gradient of herbivory ranging from grazing lawn to tall grass.

Steenbok and impala selected short‐ over tall grass as preferred browsing sites, while elephant preferred tall grass. Browser abundance on short grass decreased with browser body mass, indicating that predator avoidance might be a key factor driving mesoherbivores to utilise grazing lawns.

Seedling survival was lowest on grazing lawns when browsers were present, with mortality occurring in two out of every three seedlings. Similarly, sapling growth was lowest on grazing lawns, although browser removal had no significant effect. Evidence for increased browser impact on grazing lawns was clearest from our long‐term herbivore exclosure experiment in HiP, which demonstrated that browsers strongly modify the growth rates of woody plants in short‐grass habitats.

Synthesis. These results provide support for the hypothesis that browsers, particularly browsing mesoherbivores and mixed feeders, are attracted to short‐grass habitats, and that they help maintain grazing lawn openness by suppressing seedling survival and woody plant growth where grass is kept short by grazers.
High‐quality chromosome‐level genomes of two tilapia species reveal their evolution of repeat sequences and sex chromosomes
Authors: Tao Wenjing , Xu Luohao , Zhao Lin , Zhu Zexian , Wu Xin , Min Qianwen , Wang Deshou , Zhou Qi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTilapias are one of the most farmed fishes that are coined as “aquatic chicken” by the food industry. Nile tilapia and blue tilapia exhibit very recent transition of sex chromosome systems since their divergence approximately five million years ago, making them a great model for elucidating the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of sex chromosome turnovers. Studies of their sex‐determining pathways are also critical for developing genetic sex control in aquaculture. We report here the newly produced genomes of Nile tilapia and blue tilapia that integrate long‐read sequencing and chromatin conformation data. The two nearly complete genomes have anchored over 97% of the sequences into linkage groups (LGs), and assembled majorities of complex repetitive regions including telomeres, centromeres and rDNA clusters. In particular, we inferred two episodes of repeat expansion at LG3 respectively in the ancestor of cichlids and that of tilapias. The consequential large heterochromatic region concentrated at one end of LG3 comprises tandem arrays of mRNA and small RNA genes, among which we have identified a candidate female determining gene Paics in blue tilapia. Paics shows female‐specific patterns of single‐nucleotide variants, copy numbers and expression patterns in gonads during early gonadogenesis. Our work provides a very important genomic resource for functional studies of cichlids, and suggested that unequal distribution of repeat content that impacts the local recombination rate might make some chromosomes more likely to become sex chromosomes.
A Review of the Taxonomy and Palaeoecology of the Anurognathidae (Reptilia, Pterosauria)
Authors: HONE David W. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe anurognathids are an enigmatic and distinctive clade of small, non‐pterodactyloid pterosaurs with an unusual combination of anatomical traits in the head, neck, wings and tail. They are known from very limited remains and few have been described in detail, and as a result, much of their biology remains uncertain. This is despite their importance as potentially one of the earliest branches of pterosaur evolution or even lying close to the origins of pterodactyloids. This review covers the taxonomy and palaeoecology of the anurognathids, which remain an interesting branch of pterosaurian evolution.
Optimising sample sizes for animal distribution analysis using tracking data
Authors: Shimada Takahiro , Thums Michele , Hamann Mark , Limpus Colin J. , Hays Graeme C. , FitzSimmons Nancy N. , Wildermann Natalie E. , Duarte Carlos M. , Meekan Mark G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of populations is fundamental to management plans for any species. When tracking data are used to describe distributions, it is sometimes assumed that the reported locations of individuals delineate the spatial extent of areas used by the target population.

Here we examine existing approaches to validate this assumption, highlight caveats, and propose a new method for a more informative assessment of the number of tracked animals (i.e. sample size) necessary to identify distribution patterns. We show how this assessment can be achieved by considering the heterogeneous use of habitats by a target species using the probabilistic property of a utilisation distribution. Our methods are compiled in the r package SDLfilter.

We illustrate and compare the protocols underlying existing and new methods using conceptual models and demonstrate an application of our approach using a large satellite tracking dataset of flatback turtles Natator depressus tagged with accurate Fastloc‐GPS tags (n = 69).

Our approach has applicability for the post hoc validation of sample sizes required for the robust estimation of distribution patterns across a wide range of taxa, populations and life‐history stages of animals.
Iterative categorisation (IC) (part 2): interpreting qualitative data
Authors: Neale Joanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIterative categorisation (IC) is a systematic and transparent technique for analysing qualitative textual data, first presented in Addiction in 2016. IC breaks the analytical process down into stages, separating basic ‘description’ from more advanced ‘interpretation’. This paper focuses on the interpretive analytical stage that is shown to comprise three core processes: (i) conceptualising (undertaken inductively, deductively or abductively); (ii) differentiating; and (iii) externalising. Each process is described, followed by published examples to support what has been explained. As qualitative analyses tend to be recursive rather than linear, the three processes often need to be repeated to account for all the data. Following the stages of IC will ensure that qualitative research generates improved understanding of the phenomena being studied, study findings contribute to and enhance the existing literature, the audience for any qualitative output is broad and international, and any practical implications or study recommendations are relevant to other contexts and settings.
The sixty‐year story of Finnish Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) osteitis
Authors: Korppi Matti 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimA review published in 2015 showed that 331 Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) osteitis cases were globally reported in 1976‐2012. The 222 Finnish cases from 1960 to 1988 formed two‐thirds of all cases. The present narrative review summarises epidemiological, clinical and immunological findings obtained from this Finnish cohort in relation to data from other countries.MethodsSix reports including 93 BCG osteitis cases, which were not included in the 2015 review, were identified from PubMed.ResultsIn all, 424 BCG osteitis cases have been published. Population‐based data were available only from Finland and Taiwan. The BCG osteitis incidence in Finnish infants was 6.4/100 000/year in 1960‐1988 compared to 3.4/100 000/year in Taiwanese infants in 1998‐2012. The incidence in Finland increased to 36.9/100 000 in 1971‐1977, and the vaccinations were temporarily discontinued. Over half of lesions were in lower limbs and nearly all were solitary in both cohorts. The outcomes after surgery and chemotherapy were good. Immunology of BCG osteitis was studied only in the Finnish cohort. There were deviations from population data in polymorphisms of genes regulating Toll‐like receptors 1, 2 and 6, mannose‐binding lectin and interleukin‐17A.ConclusionBCG osteitis after vaccination is rare. Preliminary findings in innate immunity raise a question of genetic background.
Sound Predicts Meaning: Cross‐Modal Associations Between Formant Frequency and Emotional Tone in Stanzas
Authors: Auracher Jan , Menninghaus Winfried , Scharinger Mathias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch on the relation between sound and meaning in language has reported substantial evidence for implicit associations between articulatory–acoustic characteristics of phonemes and emotions. In the present study, we specifically tested the relation between the acoustic properties of a text and its emotional tone as perceived by readers. To this end, we asked participants to assess the emotional tone of single stanzas extracted from a large variety of poems. The selected stanzas had either an extremely high, a neutral, or an extremely low average formant dispersion. To assess the average formant dispersion per stanza, all words were phonetically transcribed and the distance between the first and second formant per vowel was calculated. Building on a long tradition of research on associations between sound frequency on the one hand and non‐acoustic concepts such as size, strength, or happiness on the other hand, we hypothesized that stanzas with an extremely high average formant dispersion would be rated lower on items referring to Potency (dominance) and higher on items referring to Activity (arousal) and Evaluation (emotional valence). The results confirmed our hypotheses for the dimensions of Potency and Evaluation, but not for the dimension of Activity. We conclude that, at least in poetic language, extreme values of acoustic features of vowels are a significant predictor for the emotional tone of a text.
Alcohol controls in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic in India: Commentary on Stockwell et al.
Authors: Mahadevan Jayant , Shukla Lekhansh , Benegal Vivek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent restrictions have resulted in additional challenges for persons with alcohol use disorders as well as for the effective operation of alcohol controls in different societies. The challenges are different in different systems and economies. Crises such as these often provide governments with opportunities to remake systems. We use the recent experience from India, which rapidly shifted between total countrywide prohibition of alcohol and unrestricted sales during this brief period, to argue against using the present crisis to bring about quick changes in alcohol policy in India. Instead, we advocate sustained, incremental pressure to develop and enforce alcohol control measures in public health delivery systems, in addition to demand reduction measures.
COVID‐19 and alcohol in Mexico: A serious health crisis, strong actions on alcohol in response—Commentary on Stockwell et al.
Authors: Medina‐Mora María E. , Cordero‐Oropeza Martha , Rafful Claudia , Real Tania , Villatoro‐Velazquez Jorge A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present text comments on Stockwell and colleagues' paper documenting the high burden of alcohol use in COVID‐19 related mortality in the USA and Canada in North America and the absence of a control policy in several countries of the world. This comment adds information about the third country in North America, Mexico. It describes alcohol use during the COVID lockdown and its consequences, highlighting the control efforts through public health policies and ponders the weaknesses of the current response to the health crisis and opportunities in the aftermath.
Exploration of an effective training system for diagnosis of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with magnifying narrow‐band imaging: Prospective research
Authors: Fan Mengke , Qi Cuihua , Wang Weijun , Shi Huiying , Han Chaoqun , Hou Xiaohua , Lin Rong 
Published: October 2020

Background and aimsThe aim was to explore an effective training system for diagnosis of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) and its staging with magnifying narrow‐band imaging (M‐NBI).Patients and methodsFifteen endoscopists with no or less M‐NBI experience participated in this training, which consisted of four stages and five teaching methods (M‐NBI classification criterion, case analysis, hands‐on operation, error correction and SESCC pathological knowledge). M‐NBI images were evaluated and diagnostic accuracy was analyzed.ResultsAfter training, the accuracy of distinguishing neoplastic esophageal from non‐neoplastic (0.58 ± 0.16 vs. 0.95 ± 0.05, P = 0.000) and diagnosing SESCC staging (0.25 ± 0.26 vs. 0.89 ± 0.08, P = 0.000) with M‐NBI were significantly increased. Participants with no M‐NBI experience achieve equivalent diagnostic accuracy with less experienced trainees after the training (0.91 ± 0.08 vs. 0.92 ± 0.04, P = 0.816). Besides, diagnosis of MM (muscularis mucosa)/SM1 (submucosal) staging tumors (Stage I, 0.47 ± 0.15; Stage II–III–IV, 0.76 ± 0.12) with M‐NBI was difficult for trainees and should be the focus of this training. Every teaching method could improve the diagnostic accuracy for esophageal lesions, especially for case analysis (from 0.59 ± 0.10 to 0.85 ± 0.08, P = 0.000). In addition, the average operation score for trainees was significantly increased after hands‐on teaching (60.40 ± 11.11 vs. 91.80 ± 4.28, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsFor novices, this training system showed efficient performance for diagnosing SESCC staging with M‐NBI. Diagnosing MM/SM1 staging SESCC was difficult for beginners, and should be the focus of training.
Nurses’ and physicians’ experiences with diabetes consultations and the use of dialogue tools in the DiaPROM pilot trial: A qualitative study
Authors: Haugstvedt A. , Hernar I. , Graue M. , Strandberg R. B. , Stangeland Lie S. , Sigurdardottir A. K. , Richards D. , Kolltveit B.‐C. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo explore nurses’ and physicians’ experiences with diabetes consultations in general and the use of dialogue tools in the Diabetes Patient‐Related Outcome Measures (DiaPROM) pilot trial.MethodsWe used a qualitative explorative design by conducting semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with five nurses and nine physicians engaged in the DiaPROM pilot trial. The pilot trial aimed to test an intervention utilizing the patient‐reported Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) scale and person‐centred communication skills as dialogue tools in clinical consultations with adults with type 1 diabetes. We used thematic analysis to analyse the data.ResultsWe generated three themes (each including two subthemes) from the analysis of participants’ experiences: (1) ‘Conflicting demands and priorities’ (subthemes: ‘Balancing guideline recommendations with patients’ main concerns’ and ‘Experiencing that patients need more support to disclose their emotional concerns’); (2) ‘Insights about using dialogue tools’ (subthemes: ‘The benefits and challenges of using the PAID as a dialogue tool’ and ‘Communication techniques are helpful’); and (3) ‘Facilitating new interventions is challenging’ (subthemes: ‘Unclear roles and responsibilities in the multidisciplinary teamwork’ and ‘The capacity sets the limit, not the willingness’).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the physicians and nurses experienced substantial challenges related to time and resources in the use of dialogue tools to support people's emotional concerns in clinical diabetes consultations. Thus, there is a need for healthcare organizations to adjust priorities to focus on the emotional burden of diabetes if the multidisciplinary diabetes teams are to successfully integrate psychosocial support into routine diabetes care.
Cognitive frailty and falls in Chinese elderly people: a population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Ma Y. , Li X. , Pan Y. , Zhao R. , Wang X. , Jiang X. , Li S. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeFalling is considered an important public health problem among older people. A recent cross‐sectional study suggested that cognitive frailty (CF) is associated with falls. We aimed to explore whether CF is a risk factor for falls in a population‐based longitudinal study.MethodsUsing data from the Rugao Longevity and Aging Study, physical frailty was assessed according to the modified Fried's phenotype, and the 20% of participants with the lowest scores on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale were defined as having cognitive impairment (CoI). Cognitive frailty (CF) was defined as the coexistence of physical frailty and CoI, but excluded severe CoI (revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale score ≤ 10). The outcome of number of falls in the previous 12 months was measured using a questionnaire.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of CF was 2.6% and the prevalence of two or more falls was 6.7%. Cross‐sectional analysis found that two or more falls was associated with physical frailty without CoI (odds ratio [OR] 6.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.17–14.56), pre‐frailty with CoI (OR 4.54, 95% CI 2.44–8.44) and CF (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.18–10.44). Slow gait with CoI was associated with two or more falls (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.08–4.53). At 3‐year follow‐up, the prevalence of two or more falls was 10.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the robust and non‐CoI elderly groups, the CF elderly group had a higher risk of two or more falls (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.11–10.50).ConclusionsCognitive frailty was associated with two or more falls at baseline and might be a risk factor for two or more falls after 3 years. Early screening of CF might be beneficial in the prevention of falls.
Minor hallucinations reflect early gray matter loss and predict subjective cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bejr‐kasem H. , Sampedro F. , Marín‐Lahoz J. , Martínez‐Horta S. , Pagonabarraga J. , Kulisevsky J. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeWell‐structured hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with poor prognosis and dementia. However, the predictive value of minor psychotic phenomena in cognitive deterioration is not well known. Cross‐sectional studies have shown that PD patients with minor hallucinations have more severe cortical atrophy than non‐hallucinators, but baseline and longitudinal studies addressing the evolution of these brain differences are lacking. The impact of developing minor hallucinations on cognitive impairment and cortical atrophy progression in early PD was explored.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐one de novo PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative for whom brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were available were included. Cognitive outcome at 5 years was compared between patients with and without minor hallucinations during follow‐up. Additionally, using gray matter volume (GMV) voxel‐based morphometry, cross‐sectional (at baseline) and longitudinal (1‐ and 2‐year GMV loss) structural brain differences between groups were studied.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 35.1% of patients developed minor hallucinations. At 5 years, these patients showed an increased prevalence of subjective cognitive decline compared to non‐hallucinators (44.1% vs. 13.9%; p < 0.001), but not formal cognitive impairment. Additionally, compared to non‐hallucinators, they exhibited reduced GMV at baseline in visuoperceptive areas and increased GMV loss in left temporal areas (p < 0.05 corrected).ConclusionsMinor hallucinations seem to be an early clinical marker of increased neurodegeneration and are associated with mid‐term subjective cognitive decline. Longer follow‐up analyses would be needed to further define if these findings could reflect a higher risk of future cognitive deterioration.