bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Fungal Endophyte Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127 Colonizing in Rhizomes of Medicinal Plant, Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp
Authors: Muazzam K.A.A.R. , Darah I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fungal endophyte isolate, Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127 colonizing in rhizomes of a medicinal plant, Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp. Primary screening of its antibacterial potential was performed by employing agar plug assay, and the results revealed that the fungal isolate was capable to inhibit all the 11 test bacteria used in the study. All four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591) showed the highest susceptibility degree to the fungal isolate with the size of inhibition zones of ≥21 mm. As for Gram-negative bacteria, 6 out of 7 tested bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli IBRL 0157, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Acinetobacter antratus) were the most susceptible species with inhibition zone size of ≤21 mm, whilst only Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27844 less susceptible to fungal isolate with the size of inhibition zone of 11 to ≥ 20 mm. Secondary screening using disc diffusion assay revealed that fungal ethyl acetate extract derived from fermentative broth (extracellular) demonstrated better potential of antibacterial activity compared to the methanol extract derived from fungal biomass (intracellular). The results showed that 8 out of 11 test bacteria were susceptible to fungal ethyl acetate extract with the diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 8.0±0.0 mm to 13.0±0.0 mm and 8.3±0.6 mm to 11.7±0.6 mm in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Contradictorily, methanol extract only capable to inhibit S. aureus with inhibition zone of 8.3±0.6 mm in diameter. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of ethyl acetate extract towards Gram-positive bacteria were both in the range of 125.00 to 500.00 μg/mL, whilst for Gram-negative bacteria were in the range of 125.00 to 250.00 and 250.00 to 500.00 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the MIC and MBC values for methanol extract towards Gram-positive bacteria were 250.00 and 500.00 μg/mL, respectively. Both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exerted bactericidal effects on test bacteria with the ratio of MBC/MIC ≥4. The detail of the ethyl acetate extract effects on the bacterial cells was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which the micrographs obtained from SEM revealed that the severity of the cell damages caused by the extract were beyond repair, and the mode of action could possibly due to the disruption in the cell wall biosynthesis and cell membrane permeability.
Optimisation of Protease-Treated Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Broiler Feed
Authors: Mohd Zuki Nurul Athirah , Mohamad Kamal Siti Sarah , Nik Qalbee Nik Kamaruzaman , Ibrahim Noor Azlina , Mat Khairiyah , Rusli Nor Dini , Harun Hasnita Che , Mahmud Mohd , Samat Noraini , Al-Amsyar Syed Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Hermetia illucens or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have recently been used as an alternative source of protein in the processing of feed for various types of animals. Monogastric animals such as broiler, however, unable to completely consume all nutrient sources upon ingestion of the meal. The protease was then developed and used to treat the BSFL so that protein can be converted into amino acids, thereby enhancing the absorption of nutrients from broiler. In this analysis, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimum condition in obtaining the highest decrease in protein content (%) of the BSFL. A Central Composite Model (CCD) model with three variables: water volume (5-8 mL), protease volume (100-300 μL) and incubation time (30-90 min) was used to investigate the response variable, which was a decrease in the protein content (%). At the end of this experiment, optimum conditions were established as 5 mL of water, 100 μL of protease and 30 minutes of incubation time to treat BSFL to achieve a decrease in protein content of 10.5266%.
An Assessment of In Vitro Herbicidal Potential of Fungal Metabolites Against Parthenium Weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)
Authors: Halim Sheikh M A , Naher L , Rezaul Karim S M , Sannasi P , Norhafizah  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Weed control by herbicide is issued for environmental problems and the emergence of resistance herbicide; thus, researchers are looking for alternative methods including bioherbicide. Hence, this study aims to isolate the pathogenic fungi that associated with parthenium weed (a significant noxious weed as a threat to agriculture) and then extract the fungal mycelia for application on seed germination inhibition to be potential as bioherbicide to control parthenium. In this study, the fungus of Aspergillus sp. and Valsa mali were isolated from parthenium leaf and their mycelium were extracted to isolate secondary metabolites using ethyl acetate solvent from the culture of potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) mediums. In vitro, both fungal metabolites were applied on seeds in plate assay experiment. Original and diluted culture filtrates of Aspergillus sp. inhibited the seed germination by 51% and 20% in PDB and 48% and 39% in MEB respectively, over control. Similarly, Original and diluted culture filtrates of Valsa mali significantly suppressed the seed germination by 52% and 24% in PDB and 62% and 33% in MEB respectively, over control. Therefore, it indicated that fermented culture mycelia metabolites from these fungi able to inhibit seed germination efficiently and can be potentially used as bioherbicide to control parthenium weed.
Effect of Molasses Level on Hardness, Storage Durability and Chemical Composition of Densified Complete Feed
Authors: Rahman M M , Yi P M , Mat K B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Densified complete feed (DCF) is a formulated feed that produces through the blending of feedstuffs in the desired proportion to provide balanced nutrition for animals. The DCF gives a good impact on animal performance and reduce the feed cost for farmers. However, there is lacking of DCF production for goat consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of molasses as binder on hardness, durability and chemical composition of DCF. In preparation of DCF, the locally available feed ingredients such as oil palm frond were collected and the making process of complete feed blocks was referred. The DCF was made manually including 3% and 6% molasses level, and then prepared to fulfil the nutrient requirement of growing goats as recommended by National Research Council. The durability was carried out on days 0, 7, 14 and 28 by comparing the hardness, dry matter (DM), and colony forming unit (CFU) of each molasses rate of DCF. Both molasses of DCF had shown a decreasing trend on durability from days 0 to 28. Regardless of durability, the DCF with 3% molasses had greater hardness (2.1 kg/cm2), higher DM content (93.2%) and lower CFU count (1.3 ×104 CFU ml−1) than that of 6% molasses rate of DCF. Both different rates of molasses of DCF had no significant (p>0.05) effect on crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and ash contents. The present study suggests that 3% molasses of DCF is preferable in terms of longer storage, while 6% molasses of DCF may be more palatable for the ruminants.
Efficacy of Arduino based low-cost Resistive Sensor in evaluating Soil Moisture from different Soil types collected in the Kelantan-Terengganu plain of Malaysia
Authors: Jusoh M , Zuhariman N , Muttalib M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on the effectiveness of using Arduino based low-cost resistive sensors to measure soil moisture content from five different soil types. In this experiment, the soil samples were filled in the vases and arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The soil samples from the vases were taken for soil moisture evaluation for 28 days. The experiment began with soil samples at fully saturation condition followed by field capacity condition and finished at the dry condition. The sensors used in this study were calibrated with a gravimetric method by using an oven. The results reveal that the Arduino based low-cost resistive sensor is highly capable of measuring suitable soil moisture content of fine sand, loamy soil, and sandy clay loam soil types. However, this type of sensor has poor performance for sandy loam and clay loam soil types due to the high content of organic matter and low bulk density. The performance of this sensor on peat and wetland soil can be further enhanced by using a distinctively developed empirical formula. The system developed in this work allows employing large-scale soil moisture measurement network for irrigation monitoring and controlling in future research due to its low-cost and great simplicity.
Economic evaluation of pumped storage power station based on multi-scenario stochastic Commitment Model
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Lu Yanchao , Zhou Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pumped storage power stations have excellent characteristics such as fast start and stop speed, rapid load increase and decrease speed, and low forced outage rate, which can effectively improve the safety and economy of the power grid. This paper proposes a method for economic analysis of pumped storage based on a multi-scenario random unit combination model. In this paper, we build a scenario tree model based on the statistical characteristics of wind power and load forecast errors, and use a scenario modeling method based on associated nodes to build a stochastic unit combination model; Based on the results of system analysis, the economic efficiency of pumped storage power station is calculated, and the feasibility of the model is verified by example analysis, and the difference between calculation results of different models is also analyzed.
Prediction of overhead transmission line ampacity based on extreme learning machine
Authors: Jin Xu , Cai Fudong , Wang Mengxia , Sun Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCaused by the fluctuation of weather conditions, the transmission line ampacity varies with time. For power system operators, the accurate forecast results of overhead transmission lines ampacity are very important and helpful in making planning and control decisions. To assist the system operators in making better use of the transfer capability of transmission lines, it is urgent to improve the ampacity forecast results. In this paper, a novel method based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed to predict the ampacity. Taking the historical weather and ampacity data as the input data, an ELM-based method can predict the ampacity rapidly and accurately. Numerical simulations based on the recorded actual weather data around a transmission line validate the efficiency of the ELM-based ampacity forecast method.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Arc Anode Erosion Process with Electrode Rotation
Authors: Deng Yunkun , Chen Yingping , Huang Jisheng , Wang Ke , Zhao Xianping , Gao Shizhen , liu Shuxin , Cheng Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A three-dimensional geometric model of anode contact of vacuum circuit breaker is established. Considering the influence of electrode rotation on vacuum arc and anode thermal process, a physical model of phase transformation process is established for the melting and evaporation of anode surface. The solid-liquid mixing area is treated by the description method of porous media, and the numerical simulation of anode thermal process is carried out. The conclusion is that with the increase of time, the anode surface temperature increases, molten pool development, molten pool depth deepening, in addition, with the increase of electrode speed, the highest temperature on the surface of the contact and the size of the molten pool were reduced, the temperature distribution more uniform. It provides theoretical basis for evaluating the breaking capacity of vacuum circuit breaker.
Analysis of 110kV cable terminal abnormal partial discharge
Authors: Duan Xiaoli , Liu Sanwei , Duan Jianjia , Zeng Zeyu , Liu Yungen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Through the introduction of a partial discharge fault event at the end of 110kV cable, through on-site inspection and on-site acoustic-electrical test, it is determined that the partial discharge at the end of 110kV cable is abnormal, and there are defects of suspension discharge or insulation discharge; Based on the phase analysis of high-frequency current signal and UHF time series data, the fault location analysis is carried out. The analysis shows that the cable A and B have the same insulation discharge defects. According to the reason of the defect, it is suggested to carry out the overhaul of the air chamber of the interval cable immediately to prevent the cable accident caused by the defective operation. It also proposes to standardize the cable terminal installation process and strengthen the cable quality supervision, focusing on and checking the equipment of the same manufacturer and model to prevent similar defects. This study can be used to guide the operation and maintenance of partial discharge in cable terminal.
Research on Magnetic Flux Detection Technology for Shallow Sea Moving Targets
Authors: Huang Kui , Xu Chaoqun , Yi Zhong , Zhang Shaohua , Meng Lifei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ocean moving target is covered by the vast ocean, and it is highly concealed. In order to effectively detect the moving target in the ocean, based on the theory of magnetic flux induction, the characteristics of the detected target are analysed, the equivalent magnetic model of the target is established, and the rectangular induction coil structure is designed. The coil structure was optimized by studying the effects of coil size parameters and moving target motion parameters on induced electromotive force. Finally, through field trials, using induction coils to collect and analyse the signals of wooden boats, speedboats and kayaks, the feasibility of the detection technology was verified, which provided a new way for the detection of shallow sea moving targets.
Functional safety evaluation of battery anagement system based on probability of failure per hour
Authors: Chen Mingsheng , Ming Zhimao , Liu Guixiong , Li Hongpei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to identify functional safety property of battery management system, safety integrity level of BMS research is performed by average frequency of a dangerous failure of the safety function. The result shows that: currently, functional safety has been research at home and abroad, through evaluation system of road vehicle and electrical, electronic, programmable electronic safety-related systems. So, safety integrity level could be analyzed quantitatively by a functional relation, which is established among tolerable hazard frequency, demand rate on safety-related protection system, dangerous failure of average frequency and safety integrity level. Based on tolerable hazard frequency and the demand rate on safety-related protection system, safety integrity level of a BMS is evaluated as level II.
Key technical parameters of a new distributed physical energy storage system
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Li Xuxia , Su Xiaoxue , Li Jia , Yu Yang , Song Xiaojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The energy storage technology is one of the advanced technologies to solve the problems of modern power system, and also an indispensable key technology for the construction of smart city power grid. A mechanical elastic energy storage (MEES) technology is proposed in this context. As a new physical energy storage technology, the MEES is still in the principle verification stage compared with other physical energy storage technologies researched and developed for many years. In this paper, the MEES system is introduced from the composition, the principle of energy storage/power generation, and the key technical parameters of energy storage. The advantages and disadvantages of MEES system are pointed out, and the future development direction of the MEES technology is clear.
Innovation of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) Harvesting Tools, Using Environmentally Friendly Electronic Mechanical System
Authors: Sabri M. , Fadillah Nasution Arif , Hasan Syafruddin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Today, oil palm becomes a prime commodity in Indonesia. The land area where oil palm trees are planted is rapidly developing; it is not only monopolized by state and private plantation companies but also by small holders. One of the main factors which influences its growth and productivity is harvesting factor. To fulfil the need for harvest, it is necessary to have a tool used for a supporting facility in harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) so that it is easier to harvest them; besides that, it also helps solve the health problems and environmentally friendly work safety. Some innovations in tools for harvesting FFB have been carried out even though they have some weaknesses. One of them is the use of burning motor system as the its source of energy while many activists throughout the world are campaigning for the change in lifestyle toward more eco-friendly which teaches people to be aware of their environment in order to decrease the level of pollution and the garbage which is thrown away. Therefore, the researches were performing a renewal innovation to yield a tool of harvesting oil palms which are safer, lighter, easier, affordable, and environmentally friendly.
Application of the Total Ergonomics in Designing Functional Prosthetic Ankle with Low Cost in Indonesia
Authors: Herdiman L , Susmartini S , Priadythama I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prosthetic foot is an amputee’s need to fulfil their functional activities. In Indonesia, prosthetics with functional ankle foot are still imported from developed countries. The purpose of this paper is how to apply the total ergonomics in designing prosthetic ankles for below-knee amputee as functional at a low-cost. The total ergonomics is applied to produce prosthetic ankle designs by integrating design needs through a systemic and holistic approach, and manufacturing needs through an interdisciplinary and participatory approach. The qualitative research method with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to discuss the design of prosthetic ankles through several questions discussed. Participants in the discussion, according to their respective fields of expertise were 14 people, including 1 orthopaedics doctor, 2 experts in making prosthetics, and 7 people using below-knee prosthetic foot, 2 product designer experts, and 2 metal workshop experts. All participants were asked to provide input on the prosthetic ankle design requirements. This study produced a prosthetic ankle design in cases of below-knee amputee that has a multi-axis capability, energy store-return, according to local conditions, culture, economy, and available materials, allowing them to increase their mobility.
Application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method in Meeting Customer Satisfaction in the Bookshelf Industry
Authors: Ginting Rosnani , Ishak Aulia , Pitaloka Dyah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Business competition requires companies to be able to implement strategic plans to meet consumer needs in product development by improving quality, performance, and reducing costs and production time. PT.X is a bookshelf manufacturing company that continues to strive to meet the needs of consumers with quality products. The problem that occurs in the company is the re-design of the bookcase product component design, causing a longer production time and high production costs. The purpose of this study is to understand the steps of Nigel Cross product design, identify the causes of waste of time and costs in the production process of bookshelves using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The QFD method is used to identify consumer needs associated with the technical characteristics of bookshelf products. The results of the approach with the QFD method show that in stages improving details consisting of the eliminate process and the reduce process show a decrease in the value of making products from prices IDR 145,325 be IDR 110,325.
Product Design of Massage Cap by Using Nigel Cross Approach
Authors: Ginting Rosnani , Ishak Aulia , Ricky Jhofandy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Massage Cap is a device to massage the acupuncture points on the user’s head. This Massage Cap has the additional function of the eye patch as an additional. In the process of making the Massage Cap product using the Nigel Cross approach where the brainstorming technique is first used to determine the characteristics of the product to be made, then draw conclusions from the brainstorming that has been collected. Then the sampling technique is done by distributing open and closed questionnaires to determine the type of product. After the open and closed questionnaires are finished distributing, then a market survey is conducted using a sampling technique, as well as determining the validity and reliability of the main product and the competitors’. The problem steps to the sub problems are determined in order to classify the objectives that will be made in the design of massage caps. Sub problem steps to sub solutions are carried out to determine the Product Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The sub-solution step to the solution is determined to generate and evaluate alternatives by the sum of the paired matrix between attributes.
Design of a Parabolic Collector for Solar Adsorption Refrigerator
Authors: Hutasoit M B , Sitorus T B , Siahaan P B M , Sinurat N S , Putra M F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to design a parabolic type collector used in solar adsorption refrigerator. The solar collector is a device designed to collect heat by absorbing sunlight, which is then utilized as useful thermal energy, one of which is in the adsorption cycle refrigerator. The material used for solar collector is aluminum. In the design of a parabolic type, solar collectors must pay attention to the design of the collector design, how the solar collector works, and the materials and materials used to improve the collector’s performance. The influence of the heat intensity of solar radiation and the collector insulation box is very influential on the collector’s performance. From the results of the design of this tool, it can be seen that the type of parabolic collectors lifts the heat of solar radiation more focused and more efficiently. Overall, a parabolic type collector design with a cross-sectional area of 0.5 m2 results in a thermal collector efficiency of 64.60%.