bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling landscape aesthetic of planting composition influencing visual quality and well-being: PLS-SEM approach
Authors: Akhir N Mt , Sakip S R Md , Abbas M Y , Othman N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Planting composition (PC) is designed to be aesthetically pleasing, functional utilizing and ecologically sustaining. In landscape research, a plant is a powerful element in assessing visual quality. Visual quality for each landscape depends on the visual composition of plants. The study on landscape assessment in a campus is commonly correlated with green space. However, the composition and design of planting in the green spaces on campus grounds have not been considered yet. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of PC towards visual quality and its relationships with the well-being of students. The conceptual model is composed of endogenous latent variables (LVs) according to the pattern of visual composition namely coherence, complexity, legibility and mystery. The exogenous LVs is PC and well-being. Positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment (PERMA) are the items used to test the relationship with the pattern of PC. This study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with pilot data to measure the relationship between LVs. The result validates that PC should consider 5 pillars of well-being which is PERMA to serve students with better visual access to landscape on campus.
Mapping Informal Settlements Using Geospatial Method
Authors: Maula F K , Choerunnisa D N , Akbar R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As one of the largest city in Indonesia, Bandung faces informal settlement, or “Permukiman Kumuh” problems. Based on the criteria of informal settlements used in KOTAKU Program, Bandung contains 8,7 percent of slums within it. During its development, these informal settlements experiences phase based on the development of the city, which are infancy, consolidation and saturation. Each developmental phase needs differing solutions. This study formulates the spatial development phases from the informal settlements in Bandung through Geospatial methods to give new perspective in settling informal settlement problems.
Preserving the School Landscape and its Relationship with the Learning Process of Secondary School Students
Authors: Ali Salina Mohamed , Awang Abd Hair , Abdul Latif Faridatul Akma , Othman Noriah , Yaman Rostam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A peaceful and tranquil environment can influence the school landscape by assisting the learning process either directly or indirectly, through various methods, such as providing an area or place for a variety of activities, to socialize, to interact and to do revisions outside the classroom. The purpose of this research is to determine the role or function of the school’s landscape in preserving the environment at the school level. For this reason, primary data were collected from the surrounding schools located in Klang Valley, Malaysia that were chosen randomly. Secondary data were obtained from various relevant agencies. Structured interviews were conducted with the higher management of the schools concerned with regards to the development, management of landscape and the contribution of soft and hard landscapes in the learning process. The outcome of the research indicates that the landscape functions in assisting the learning process and nourishes the awareness of the students for their affection towards natural environment. This study has proven that landscape plays an important role in the learning process and nourishes the students’ awareness in appreciating the environment beginning at the school level. Thus, the school has to take the necessary initiatives by way of increasing soft landscapes such as planting more shaded trees; hard landscapes such as gazebos, garden chairs and tables as well as man-made landscapes such as fish ponds, waterfalls and fountains which could be used by the students and teachers in the learning process and to encourage them to appreciate the environment.
Reliability of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Measurement in Slope Monitoring
Authors: Abbas M A , Fuad N A , Idris K M , Opaluwa Y D , Hashim N M , Majid Z , Sulaiman S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dense 3D point clouds provided by terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) has demonstrated significant reliability of TLS in landslide monitoring. However, existence of errors in measurement is inevitable which eventually has decreased the quality of TLS data. To concretely measure the capability of TLS in landslide monitoring, this study has performed two epoch measurements using tacheometry (for benchmarking) and TLS (Topcon GLS-2000) at Kulim Techno City, Kedah, Malaysia. Sixteen (16) artificial targets were well-distributed on the slope to determine the accuracy of the employed TLS. Results obtained revealed that Topcon GLS-2000 provides 0.006m of accuracy. However, the presence of high incidence angles in TLS measurement has limited the capability to identify the significant displacement of the targets.
Scale Factor Effect in Terrestrial Laser Scanner Datum Transformation
Authors: Abbas M A , Majid Z , Azmi M A A M , Chong A K , Luh L C , Idris K M , Mustafar M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Datum transformation is an inevitable procedure in terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) pre-processing. By taking into account the uncertainties in multi distances measurement, neglecting the scale factor in registration and georeferencing phases should be reconsidered especially when involved with applications that demand high accuracy data. With the motivation to robustly examine the effect of scale factor in the issue raised, this study has designed experiment which consider the element of multi distances. Two types of TLSs utilised in this study, which are Faro Focus 3D and Leica ScanStation C10 to represent phase and pulse based scanners, respectively. Exploiting robust statistical analysis, all seven (7) parameters were computed from both experiments and scale factors were extracted for the further assessment. Significant analysis was performed by comparing the ideal value of scale factor (i.e. 1.000 or no scale effect) and values obtained from the experiments. The results show that, the null hypotheses for the experiment is accepted with a 95% confidence level. This result also indicates that scale factor can be neglected in datum transformation process for both type of terrestrial laser scanners.
Effect of reflective building façade on pedestrian visual comfort
Authors: Ishak N M , Hien W N , Jenatabadi H S , Mustafa N A , Zawawi E M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Building materials have become increasingly diverse and flexible regarding their shapes, colours and texture. These include the use of highly reflective materials for facade (e.g. glass or metal claddings) which becomes a popular concept for high-rise buildings. However, these reflective materials contribute to an increasing number of feedbacks on discomfort associated with reflected glare at the pedestrian’s level and the surrounding environment. This study aims to evaluate the impact of reflected glare from the reflective building facade on pedestrians’ visual comfort in Kuala Lumpur city area. The relationship between pedestrians and reflected glare issues is determined by applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) between male and female. Total of 500 questionnaires is distributed at four different locations. The six-modelled fitting test was tested and within an acceptable range. For both male and female models shows that age significantly affects sensitiveness toward reflected glare.
The impacts of FOREX fluctuations on international construction projects
Authors: Bin Mohamed Mohd Amizan , Ahmad Ayuniza Binti , Mohamad Daud Bin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The international construction project is a highly valuable market project and many of the contractors would like to be participate. This is because they are misled with the exchange rate (money) and instantly attracted with the profit they assumed will be gained after the project is completed. In fact, without noticing that they will be affected with the FOREX’s fluctuations which might complicate the project further. In addition, many new vendors nowadays will try their luck in construction business without making a good judgement on the risks. So, the objective of this study is to identify the impacts of FOREX fluctuations on those perspectives at international level. This study also uses quantitative method through questionnaire survey that were distributed randomly, and the result obtained were from top management and non-top management in construction hierarchy with different level of experiences. The collected data were analysed by using two methods which are Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The SPSS software is used to process the regression analysis for the impacts of FOREX data of the questionnaire. The Relative Importance Index then is applied to run the data for capability and mitigation actions in determining the ranking of priorities. Overall, the impacts of FOREX fluctuation on international construction projects have been identified with regards to three mechanisms which are business management, technical and financial. These outputs are useful as a guideline for international construction project companies when they are venturing into this challenging market especially in terms of managing/expediting quality, completion period, and optimising cost of the projects.
Factors lead to overhang in affordable housing: A content analysis in qualitative approach
Authors: Rahim N Ab , Adzhar S M , Basrah N , Majid R Ab , Mustafar S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHousing issue is one of the key challenges and has its social repercussions if not well managed. The numerous affordable housing programs have been introduced and intended to increase the supply of affordable housing. The programs are meant to alleviate the affordable housing issue in the country. Although the lacking units of affordable housing persists, the slow market trends have also led to an increase in overhang units. The number of property overhang partly in affordable housing units were reported increased continuously year over year and does not attract the target market nor able to cater the housing needs of the targeted house buyers. Industry players were of the opinion that the perceived slow demand in low cost housing units are mainly due to difficulty in securing financing, unsuitable location as well as a shift in demand towards better quality projects and other factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the current overhang scenario in affordable housing and factors that lead to the issues. There is a need to have an in-depth study in addressing the issues. Otherwise, the overhang will exert pressure on prices and rental in the market and gives impact in near future.
On the way towards a comprehensive failure modelling for industrial sheet metal stamping processes
Authors: Manopulo N. , Carleer B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sheet metal stamping processes are nowadays designed with a high level of standardization. The resulting short development cycles bring by the need for highly efficient simulation software, which are able of delivering unambiguous and reliable formability predictions. This contribution aims making a snapshot of the present state of industrial needs related to this topic and to discuss the possibility for a comprehensive failure modeling approach, able of matching the high standardization requirements. For this purpose the most common failure mechanisms in stamping applications are reviewed and discussed in the context of state of the art modelling approaches. Furthermore the overall qualities required for a comprehensive failure modelling approach in the context of stamping simulation are elucidated and discussed.
Non-linear strain path experiment and modeling for very high strength material
Authors: Wi M S , Lee S Y , Barlat F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop experimental methods and modeling of very high strength steel sheets subjected to non-linear strain paths. A 1.6 mm thick TRIP steel sheet with a tensile strength of 1180 MPa was investigated. A suitable test for the uniaxial tension pre-strain was developed. A constraint was to achieve an as uniform as possible strain field over the entire gauge area. The pre-strain was conducted on a 500kN MTS tensile testing machine. The geometry of a new specimen was optimized through finite element simulations and experiments on the TRIP1180 material. Then, different types of subsequent specimens were extracted from the pre-strained material by electro-discharge machining (EDM) for the second deformation step leading to a strain path change. The subsequent plastic behavior was measured and modeled using the HAH distortional plasticity model. Comparisons between the experimental and predicted behavior are discussed.
Accurate sheet metal forming modeling for cost effective automotive part production
Authors: Chezan A.R. , Khandeparkar T.V. , ten Horn C.H.L.J. , Sigvant M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent implementations of accurate material and tribology models in finite element codes for sheet metal forming process development have the potential to reduce development time and the associated development costs significantly. Adoption of new models requires validated material parameters and assessments of the overall accuracy. The paper presents a study aimed at accuracy estimation by comparing strain measurements and finite element simulation results for a laboratory flat bottom hole expansion test and an industrial automotive component produced at Volvo Cars. The use of the tensile test based Tata Steel Vegter yield locus model results in accurate prediction of dimensions and plastic deformation distribution in sheet metal forming applications.
Determining a threshold Strain Nonuniformity Index (SNI) to predict failure in sheet metal components
Authors: Date P P , Kulkarni Pratik , Jamadar K D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Strain Nonuniformity Index (SNI) was introduced as a strain distribution based failure criterion about 10 years ago and its application to prediction of failure in industrial sheet metal components was demonstrated in the previous Conferences. Quantitatively, the SNI represents the rate of change of spatial strain gradient. This means that higher the SNI, sharper the neck, and hence greater is the likelihood of failure. It is immaterial as to how the neck / strain gradient came into existence, and failure is linked with the threshold value of this quantity, beyond which failure could be expected. Since phenomenological parameters are not linked with the process of establishing a threshold SNI, it does not seriously matter whether it was aluminium that was formed or whether it was steel, it does not very much matter if it was hot forming or cold forming. The present paper describes the methodology of estimating the threshold SNI for each of the numerous critical planes in the deforming sheet metal component. Interestingly, the relationship between SNI of major strain and SNI of the thickness strain was found to lie in a narrow band for a diverse set of materials. This therefore helps in finding the critical planes on which the SNI at a given punch travel has crossed the threshold value and failure locations so determined have correlated well with the shopfloor predictions as presented earlier.
Effect of pre-strain on stretch flange deformation limit of steel sheets
Authors: Iizuka E , Higai K , Yamasaki Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of pre-strain on the stretch flange deformation limit of steel sheets was investigated by hole expansion tests under various pre-strain conditions. Pre-strain was given by stretch forming with a cylindrical punch. The strain ratio and amount of pre-strain were controlled by changing the blank shape and forming height. The hole expansion tests were carried out with a conical punch and cylindrical punch in order to clarify the effect of the strain gradient. The effect of the strain ratio of pre-strain on the stretch flange deformation limit can be expressed by equivalent strain. In the case of higher strain gradients, the stretch flange deformation limit increased with increasing pre-strain. However, at lower strain gradients, the stretch flange deformation limit was almost constant. These results suggest that the formability of the stretch flange deformation area given by pre-strain should be determined from not only the total equivalent strain but also the strain gradient and the amount of pre-strain expressed by equivalent strain.
Virtual die spotting: Compensation of elastic behavior of forming presses
Authors: Zgoll F , Kuruva S , Götze T , Volk W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The rapid change in the automotive industry towards an electrified and digitalized future necessitates companies to shorten product development cycles. To meet customer needs regarding design and quality, the requirements on the production processes are constantly increasing. As additive manufacturing cannot provide large enough batch sizes yet, conventional stamping of car body parts will be the technology in the foreseeable future. The most time-consuming step during the production of stamping dies is the manual spotting during try-out of the tools. To achieve a homogenous pressure distribution on the parts a precise tool closure is necessary. The behavior of the press has huge influence on the tool closure, especially the elastic deformations of ram, bolster and cushion during forming. Current compensation methods are solely based on experience from previous tools. This contribution presents a methodology for designing a virtual die-compensation to account for press machine behavior based on experimentally determined measurement data of the try-out press. The data is used to calibrate FE-substitute-models of ram and bolster. A forming simulation using rigid tools is coupled with structure simulation using elastic tools and machine. By evaluating the deflection of the active surfaces at the bottom dead center of the press, the necessary die-compensation can be determined.
Coating effects on the galling behaviour of aluminium metal forming processes
Authors: Yang Xiao , Hu Yiran , Zheng Yang , Politis Denis J. , Wang Liliang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of coatings on the galling behaviour in metal forming processes. To investigate this phenomenon, pin-on-disc tests were conducted on the Anton Paar THT tribometer with discs manufactured from tool materials and pins manufactured from aluminium to represent the workpiece. Three different coating conditions were tested: uncoated contact, AlCrN and CrN coatings, at three different temperatures: room temperature, 300°C and 450°C. The investigation indicated that advanced coatings have a significant effect on coefficient of friction and galling behaviour, while these effects may rely on the selection of substrate and forming temperature. In general, compared with uncoated contact conditions, lower friction coefficients were generated with coated tools. In addition, the selection of aluminium grade for the pin affected friction coefficient, with AA6082 generating higher friction coefficients compared to AA7075.
Characterization of Heat Transfer Coefficient of Lightweight Alloys in Kirksite Dies
Authors: Omer Kaab , Butcher Clifford , Worswick Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is an important parameter in the finite element (FE) modelling of warm and hot forming operations. The HTC, among other parameters, governs the FE model predictions for the cooling rate within the blank and the resulting constitutive behaviour and formability. In the current work, the HTC of two aluminum alloys (AA5182-O and AA7075-T6) and one magnesium alloy (ZEK100) is characterized. Blanks were heated in a convection furnace and subsequently quenched in a set of kirksite dies under various contact pressures. Kirksite is a zinc-based alloy commonly used in prototype tooling. The temperature-time (T-t) profile of the blanks and die were measured during each quenching experiment. The resulting T-t profiles were input into a Matlab script, which calculated the HTC using an iterative regression technique.
Modelling of dynamic loads during series operation for optimisation of part holder design
Authors: Burkart M. , Liewald M. , Wied J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Energy and resource efficiency today are fundamental challenges in production technology, which also arise in the production of sheet metal body parts when using state-of-the-art press technology. Since sheet metal forming processes are becoming more and more complex due to modern design of car body shape, the tools for producing body parts are increasing in size and modern press technology is developing correspondingly faster. Simultaneously, produced tools for new car models must withstand applied process related loads emerging during lead time of model to ensure a robust production process. Based on the increase in productivity supported by servo press technology of today and resulting higher demands on required tool strength, part holders assembled in large line dies in particular belong to critical tool components. In this paper, an optimization concept for part holder design is presented. Higher acceleration of press ram and upper tool results into higher levels of dynamic impacts, which can lead to critical load cases originating from spatial mass distribution of part holder. Occurring loads are reduced by use of damping elements. The distribution of damping elements into part holder structures is optimised according to the mass distribution of the part holder and the design of the upper die. For this purpose, dynamic effects of the tool were modelled based on analytical models and verified by multi-body simulations and corresponding stress calculations. The application of dynamic load characteristics of tool components thereby allow realistic modelling of distributed mass and force effects. Finally, simulation results were validated on the basis of tests under series production conditions.
Improvement of formability for hot stamping of aluminum alloy sheets by press motion control
Authors: Ota E , Yogo Y , Iwata N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, the formability of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy sheets during hot stamping has been improved by controlling the press motion. In the hot stamping, a heated blank sheet is cooled partially by contacting with the dies; therefore, its deformation proceeds non-isothermally. The resulting temperature distribution leads to cracking at low forming depths during deep drawing despite the excellent tensile properties of the alloy at high temperatures. Local deformation, i.e. necking, tends to occur in a high-temperature area that is not in contact with the dies until the press reaches the bottom dead center. To suppress this deformation, the potential cracking area near the walls was cooled and hardened by holding the heated blank sheet between the blank holder and the upper die before the forming step. The proposed technique was applied to the square cup forming of a 1.0 mm thick 6000 series aluminum alloy sheet. As a result, the forming limit depth was increased to twice depth with 1.0-s die-holding duration before the forming step as compared to that obtained for the standard hot stamping procedure without the press motion control.