bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Cantu Robert C. , Bernick Charles 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe long-term effects of repetitive head impacts have been recognized for close to a century. What is now referred to as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was first described by Martland in 1928 in a series of boxers. Over the years, several important articles were published, including Critchley's 1957 report where he introduced the term “chronic traumatic encephalopathy,” Robert's study in 1969 which provided evidence of the prevalence of neurological impairment in retired fighters, and Corsellis' initial description of the pathology of CTE. However, what brought public attention to the issue of CTE in sports were the postmortem findings of CTE pathology in professional American football players, initially reported by Omalu and subsequently in a large series by McKee. There is now standardization of pathological criteria for CTE and recognition that it can be seen across all activities that involve repetitive head impacts.
Management of a Difficult Airway Scenario in a Case of Hurler’s Syndrome with a D-Blade Video Laryngoscope
Authors: Thakkar Keta D. , Hrishi Ajay P. , Sethuraman Manikandan , Vimala Smita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHurler’s syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive multiorgan accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. It is associated with progressive craniofacial, skeletal, and cardiac involvement, which increases the risk of anesthesia. Patients with Hurler’s syndrome could present as the worst airway management problem an anesthesiologist could deal with due to abnormal upper airway anatomy and limited neck manipulation, owing to the atlantoaxial instability. We report a case of difficult airway scenario of a child with Hurler’s syndrome, leading to an apparent cannot ventilate cannot intubate scenario, which was managed successfully with the help of a C-MAC video laryngoscope with unique D-blade. In Hurler’s syndrome, C-MAC with D-blade is an excellent tool in establishing an airway in a pediatric difficult airway scenario. Moreover, D-blade C-MAC could be considered as the primary tool for establishing an airway in pediatric patients with Hurler’s syndrome.
Effects of Fenoldopam in the Pediatric Population: Fluid Status, Serum Biomarkers, and Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Villarreal Enrique G. , Rausa Jacqueline , Chapel A Claire , Loomba Rohit S. , Flores Saul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFluid overload is a frequent complication in children during critical illness. Fluid restriction and diuretic agents have been the mainstay therapies so far. Fenoldopam, a selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist, is a diuretic agent with promising effects in the pediatric population. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the outcomes of pediatric patients who received fenoldopam. We hypothesized that the administration of fenoldopam will cause an increase in urine output and decrease in serum creatinine in this patient population. A comprehensive database search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries from the databases' inception through December 2018 was undertaken. Independent reviewers selected appropriate studies and the reviewed data. A meta-analysis was then conducted to determine the effects of fenoldopam on hemodynamics, the amount of vasoactive support, and renal function in children under the critical care setting. The selected end points were measured prior to the administration of fenoldopam and 24 hours after the initiation of the infusion: urine output, serum creatinine, serum sodium, inotrope score, heart rate, central venous pressure, systolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure. Forest plots were generated to demonstrate individual study data as well as pooled data for each end point. A total of five studies (three retrospective cohort studies, two randomized trials) with 121 patients were included for analysis. No significant difference was observed in urine output, inotrope score, systolic blood pressure, or mean blood pressure. There was a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine and central venous pressure. There was statistically significant decrease in serum sodium and heart rate, and central venous pressure. This meta-analysis did not identify significant renoprotective or vasodilator effects from fenoldopam in this patient population. Although mild electrolyte and hemodynamic changes were identified, larger studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of fenoldopam in this patient population.
A Comparative Clinical Study between Concentrated Growth Factor and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Dry Socket
Authors: Kamal Aqsa , Salman Basheer , Razak Noor Hayatie Abdul , Samsudin AB Rani 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective A dry socket is a well-recognized complication of wound healing following tooth extraction. Its etiology is poorly understood and commonly occur among healthy patients. As such, management strategies for dry socket has always been empirical rather than scientific with varying outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and compared them to the conventional treatment in the management of dry socket.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients with one dry socket each, at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, were divided into three treatment groups based on their choice. In group I (n = 30), conventional treatment comprising of gentle socket curettage and saline irrigation was done. Group II (n = 15) dry sockets were treated with CGF and group III (n = 15) sockets were lased with LLLT. All dry socket patients were seen at day 0 for treatment and subsequently followed-up at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Pain score, perisocket inflammation, perisocket tenderness, and amount of granulation tissue formation were noted.
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed as mean values for each treatment group. Comparisons were made for statistical analysis within the group and among the three groups to rank the efficacy of treatment using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant difference is kept at p < 0.05.
Results  Conventional treatment group I took more than 7 days to match the healing phase of group II CGF treated socket and group III LLLT irradiated socket (p = 0.001). When healing rate between CGF and LLLT are compared, LLLT group III showed a delay of 4 days compared with CGF in granulation tissue formation and pain control.
Conclusion  CGF treated socket was superior to LLLT in its ability to generate 75% granulation tissue and eliminate pain symptom by day 7 (p = 0.001).
Time windows of opportunities to fight earthquake under-insurance: evidence from Google Trends
Authors: Gizzi Fabrizio Terenzio , Kam Jonghun , Porrini Donatella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarthquake insurance can be a useful tool to build more sustainable societies and disaster-resilient communities. However, the coverage is not common in many countries. This article aims to contribute to the literature through an empirical analysis of the online interest in earthquake insurance through Google Trends. The proposed methodology implies to move from a top-down conceptual approach to a bottom-up/data-enabled one. It allows us to explore potential triggers and dynamic patterns of online interest in earthquake insurance at daily time-scale through the lens of Big Data. In order to validate the methodology, the article considers Italy as a test area. For this country, where the coverage rate is low, we fuse multiple databases to create 16-year daily time series of public search activities about the insurance in Italy and analyse it with other data sources. As a result, the peak analysis shows a connection with the occurrences of large domestic earthquakes, overseas earthquakes, and policy decisions, which create time windows of opportunities for insurers and policymakers to boost the public’s motivation towards the coverages. The research outcomes suggest that the data-enabled approach can additionally be applied in other countries where the coverage rate is low and stakeholders are facing the challenge to strive against earthquake under-insurance.
Discourse (re)-framing
Authors: Kroo Judit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the move from gakusei ‘student’ to shakaijin ‘working adult, lit.
fully socialized adult’ during a period of continuing economic stagnation and social dislocation, the current study analyzes
contemporary Japanese university students’ alignments with respect to ideologies surrounding adulthood including entering the job
market and marriage. Data includes naturally occurring conversations with male and female students at a mid-high ranked city
university on the outskirts of Yokohama as well as media materials associated with job-hunting practices. Analyzing individuals’
discursive (re)-framing of economic practice, this study demonstrates how individuals convey complex
alignments towards future economic and social practices and their attendant ideologies. These complex alignments are analyzed as
instances of ‘making do’ (de Certeau, 1984). Attending to subtle shifts in
discursive (re)-framing, this paper demonstrates how micropolitical alignments are enacted in language at the
level of everyday, ordinary practice.
Neoliberal language policies and linguistic entrepreneurship in Higher Education
Authors: Sabaté Dalmau Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) lecturers’ ambivalent orientations towards neoliberal language
policies and linguistic entrepreneurship. The data includes interviews with six case-study lecturers’ biographic narratives, audiologs and
video/audio-recorded observations, collected in a market-oriented Catalan university. I show that lecturers problematize Englishization
policies but operationalize them by presenting themselves as leading actors in the deployment of EMI. Following “managerialism” logics, they
envision English as an economically-convertible “career skill”, imperative to meet new employability/workplace demands. They carve
advantaged professional ethos linked to their self-attained English-language resources. They devalue their “non-native” accent but present
themselves as content and English-language lecturers, distinguishing themselves from “ordinary” colleagues who teach in
local languages, in narratives of “competitiveness” whereby they naturalize a socioeconomically-stratifying system of meritocracy/revenue
grounded on the marketization of English. This contributes to understand neoliberal-governance regimes which impose language-based
mechanisms for lecturers’ profiling based on views of education as the corporatized “making” of productive workers-to-be.
From verb to New Event Marker
Authors: Luraghi Silvia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Hittite, deictic motion verbs pai- ‘go’ and uwa- ‘come’ may co-occur in a monoclausal
structure with a second verb that carries the lexical meaning. As yet, their exact function remains obscure. I argue that motion verbs
involved in such construction underwent transcategorization and function as New Event Markers. I show that this development is best
explained as an instance of constructionalization involving both the motion verbs and the second verb in the clause, which is based on a
pragmatic inference arising when motion verbs were used without a spatial complement. Either motion verb contributes a different semantics
to the construction based on the different perspective regarding the deictic center identified by the ego, whereby pai-
‘go’ (motion originating from the deictic center) marks an event as close in time and controlled, while uwa- ‘come’ (motion
originating outside the deictic center) indicates distance in time and possible lack of control.
Hierarchical models for evaluating surveillance strategies: diversity within a common modular structure.
Authors: Low-Choy S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This chapter introduces a hierarchical modelling approach to biosecurity surveillance, arguing that this provides a common structure for representing many different existing models, ostensibly proposed within different quantitative paradigms. A Bayesian formulation is demonstrated to provide a natural framework for analysing such hierarchical models. The chapter commences with a description of Bayesian models for estimation and prediction of pest prevalence as well as detectability, and uses this as motivation for describing the concept of Bayesian learning. The role of prior distributions in facilitating estimation with uncertainty is then discussed in detail. Attention then turns to the process of constructing hierarchical Bayesian models for surveillance, including how to model search effort, detectability, prevalence and other important features. The generality of the approach is illustrated through a commentary on stochastic scenario trees, via three-stage Bayesian hierarchical models, three-stage cluster sampling and four-stage multi-scale detection. The chapter concludes with comments on how to choose among quantitative methods, and a comparative discussion of features in the modular model-based view described here.
The role of surveillance in evaluating and comparing international quarantine systems.
Authors: Mittinty M. , Whittle P. , Burgman M. , Mengersen K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The two major aims of this chapter are to understand the role of surveillance in quarantine and to develop a checklist that facilitates the evaluation of international quarantine systems. Despite the global similarity of intention regarding quarantine, there still exist dissimilarities between countries in specific aspects of quarantine practice, that impact on the role that surveillance plays in different quarantine systems and on corresponding risk assessment frameworks. In order to create the checklist, we define the concept of risk in the context of biosecurity and quarantine. The six principles that we used in the comparisons are: (i) harmonization; (ii) appropriate level of protection; (iii) consistency; (iv) equivalence; (v) transparency; and (vi) uncertainty. The checklist is intended to provide a structured platform for evaluating a country's risk analysis methodology, making international comparisons of risk analysis systems, promoting good practice and identifying areas for further improvement. Based on these six principles, surveillance was observed to be an enabler and evidence base for many of the checklist indicators. Surveillance outputs and outcomes can thus be argued to play a strong role in facilitating international quarantine comparisons, identifying information gaps and promoting good practice.
Human ESC‐sEVs alleviate age‐related bone loss by rejuvenating senescent bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gong Liangzhi , Chen Bi , Zhang Juntao , Sun Yongjin , Yuan Ji , Niu Xin , Hu Guowen , Chen Yu , Xie Zongping , Deng Zhifeng , Li Qing , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTissue‐resident stem cell senescence leads to stem cell exhaustion, which is a major cause of physiological and pathological ageing. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (SC‐EVs) have been reported in preclinical studies to possess therapeutic potential for diverse diseases. However, whether SC‐EVs can rejuvenate senescent tissue stem cells to prevent age‐related disorders still remains unknown. Here, we show that chronic application of human embryonic stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (hESC‐sEVs) rescues the function of senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) and prevents age‐related bone loss in ageing mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that hESC‐sEVs treatment upregulated the expression of genes involved in antiaging, stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in BM‐MSCs. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis identified 4122 proteins encapsulated in hESC‐sEVs. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the protein components in the hESCs‐sEVs function in a synergistic way to induce the activation of several canonical signalling pathways, including Wnt, Sirtuin, AMPK, PTEN signalling, which results in the upregulation of antiaging genes in BM‐MSCs and then the recovery of senescent BM‐MSCs function. Collectively, our findings reveal the effect of hESC‐sEVs in reversing BM‐MSCs senescence and age‐related osteogenic dysfunction, thereby preventing age‐related bone loss. Because hESC‐sEVs could alleviate senescence of tissue‐resident stem cells, they might be promising therapeutic candidates for age‐related diseases.
The effect of Se/(S+Se) compositional ratios on the performance of SnS-based solar cell: a numerical simulation
Authors: Montoya De Los Santos I , Cortina-Marrero Hugo J , Hechavarriía-Difur L , Sánchez-Rodríguez F J , Meza-Avendaño C A , Borrego-Pérez J A , Moreno-Oliva Víctor I , Román-Hernández Edwin , Courel Maykel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, a path to overcome the highest current efficiency on SnS thin-film solar cells by the Se incorporation is presented. We carried out a theoretical study of the effect of different Se/(S + Se) compositional ratios (CRs) (from 0.0 to 1.0) on the solar cell performance. In this sense, an improvement on power conversion efficiency (PCE) by decreasing the energy band gap (theoretical Se incorporation) from 1.35 to 1.08 eV was observed. All electrical output parameters (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and PCE) were increased by an augment of the CR from 0.25 to 0.75. A PCE of 10.23% was obtained for a CR of 0.75. Furthermore, a thickness optimization of the absorber was carried out, where the greatest PCE of 11.78% was obtained at 800 nm. On the other hand, a simulation at different work functions in back contact and different bulk defect density on the absorber were performed in order to achieve higher efficiencies.
Turbulence closure modeling with data-driven techniques: physical compatibility and consistency considerations
Authors: Taghizadeh Salar , Witherden Freddie D , Girimaji Sharath S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A recent thrust in turbulence closure modeling research is to incorporate machine learning (ML) elements, such as neural networks, for the purpose of enhancing the predictive capability to cover a broader class of flows. For generalizability to unseen flows, we submit that the data-driven ML approaches must preserve certain fundamental physical principles and closure tenets incumbent in physics-based (PB) models. We propose and investigate three elements to ensure the physical underpinnings of ML turbulence closures: (i) characteristic physical features and constraints that all (PB and ML) closure models must strive to satisfy; (ii) ML training scheme that infuses and preserves selected PB constraints; and (iii) physics-guided formulation of ML loss (objective) function to optimize models predictions. Current ML training and implementation strategies that can potentially cause significant physical incompatibilities and internal inconsistencies are identified. Means of mitigating inconsistencies and improving compatibility between different physical elements of the modeled system are developed. First, key closure constraints dictated by the model system dynamics are derived. Then a closed loop training procedure for enforcing the constraints in a self-consistent manner is proposed. Finally, the simple test case of turbulent channel flow is used to highlight the deficiencies in current ML methods and demonstrate improvements stemming from the proposed mitigation measures. In summary, this work addresses the need for physics-dictated guidance in the development of ML-enhanced turbulence closure models.
Multi-agent management of integrated food-energy-water systems using stochastic games: from Nash equilibrium to the social optimum
Authors: Memarzadeh Milad , Moura Scott , Horvath Arpad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
System-level integration and optimization of food-energy-water systems (FEWS) require coordination of multiple agencies and decision-makers and incorporating their interdependence. In general, such coordination might be hard to achieve. As a result, the literature on FEWS management either optimizes the operations for one sector (or one decision-maker), or models interdependence among the sectors without optimizing their operations. In this article, we develop a novel multi-agent management optimization approach that is able to incorporate stochasticity and uncertainty in the system’s dynamics and interdependence of the water and energy resources for food production. The proposed method is the first attempt to utilize fundamentals of decision and game theories to optimize operations of multi-agent FEWS. We specifically focus on differentiating between (1) cooperative decision optimization of the operations, where all decision-makers cooperate to achieve the best outcome for the whole system, the social optimum, and (2) non-cooperative decision-making of the agents, the Nash equilibrium. Illustrating with a real-world case study of FEWS in Ventura County, California, we show the difference between the cooperative and non-cooperative decision making in terms of long-term expected cost of managing the system. We further show how the extra costs associated with utilizing the renewable sources of water and energy could be incentivised, so that the non-cooperative solution (the Nash equilibrium) would naturally converge to the best outcome for the whole system (the social optimum).
Understanding consumer perceptions of frailty screening to inform knowledge translation and health service improvements
Authors: Archibald Mandy M , Lawless Michael T , Ambagtsheer Rachel C , Kitson Alison L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
despite growing support for the clinical application of frailty, including regular frailty screening for older adults, little is known about how older adults perceive frailty screening. The purpose of this study was to examine older adults’ perspectives on frailty screening to inform knowledge translation and service improvements for older adults with frailty.

Research Design
interpretive descriptive qualitative design.

Participants
a total of 39 non-frail (18%), pre-frail (33%) and frail or very frail (49%) South Australian older adults aged 62–99 years, sampled from community, assisted living and residential aged care settings.

Methods
seven focus groups were conducted and analysed by two independent investigators using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
three themes were identified. First, older adults question the necessity and logic of an objective frailty measure. Second, older adults believe any efforts at frailty screening need to culminate in an action. Third, older adults emphasise that frailty screening needs to be conducted sensitively given negative perceptions of the term frailty and the potential adverse effects of frailty labelling.

Discussion and Implications
previous screening experiences and underlying beliefs about the nature of frailty as inevitable shaped openness to, and acceptance of, frailty screening. Findings correspond with previous research illuminating the lack of public awareness of frailty and the nascent stage of frailty screening implementation. Incorporating consumer perspectives, along with perspectives of other stakeholder groups when considering implementing frailty screening, is likely to impact uptake and optimise suitability—important considerations in person-centred care provision.