bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelo reducido de un reactor nuclear y su utilización en las asignaturas del ámbito de la Ingeniería Nuclear
Authors: Vidal-Ferràndiz Antoni , Carlos Alberola Sofia , Ginestar Peiró Damián , Gallardo Bermell Sergio 
Published: November 2019

<p>En el grado de Ingeniería de la Energía, los alumnos pueden cursar las asignaturas de Tecnología Nuclear y Seguridad Nuclear. En ambas asignaturas se estudia el diseño de un reactor nuclear para que la central funcione en condiciones seguras. Para conseguir que los alumnos entiendan el funcionamiento de un reactor nuclear es interesante el uso de modelos matemáticos que reproduzcan tanto la potencia generada como la evolución de otras variables que afectan a la seguridad de la planta. En este trabajo, se presenta un modelo sencillo de reactor de agua a presión que permite observar la evolución temporal de la potencia del reactor y las temperaturas de los componentes más importantes de la planta. Para obtener la potencia generada se hace uso del modelo de cinética puntual, mientras que para el cálculo de las temperaturas del combustible y del refrigerante se utiliza un modelo sencillo de transmisión de calor. <br />De este modo, el problema se formula mediante un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que se resuelve utilizando métodos numéricos. El desarrollo del modelo permite a los alumnos de Tecnología Nuclear y Seguridad Nuclear comprender la evolución temporal de alguna de las variables de un reactor y darse cuenta de los efectos estabilizantes que los parámetros de la termohidráulica tienen sobre la potencia generada.</p>
Modelización basada en agentes: canibalismo microbiano
Authors: Ginovart Marta , Tutusaus Albert , Mas M. Teresa 
Published: November 2019

<p class="p1">En un sistema biológico, las interacciones entre los organismos pueden ser interespecíficas, cuando se relacionan organismos de la comunidad de diferente especie, o intraespecíficas. Estas interacciones, que pueden ser favorables, desfavorables o indiferentes para el crecimiento, la supervivencia, y/o la reproducción de los organismos, pueden determinar el área de distribución y la situación territorial de la especie, o tener un papel esencial en la evolución temporal de las poblaciones. Amensalismo, comensalismo, depredación, mutualismo, parasitismo, competencia y canibalismo son diferentes tipos de interacciones. Éstas pueden establecerse a lo largo del tiempo y en el espacio, siendo normalmente su ámbito de actuación local por proximidad o por contacto directo. Se pueden considerar como propias de las especies o como comportamientos probables, que se pueden dar o no, según como sean las condiciones ambientales en las que se encuentren los organismos. Todo esto hace que la modelización matemática más tradicional sufra de muchas limitaciones en este contexto, tanto para el tratamiento de las discontinuidades en el espacio y el tiempo, como para las adaptaciones o cambios repentinos que pueden sufrir los organismos como respuesta a los diversos factores a los que se puedan ver expuestos. El enfoque o perspectiva de los modelos computacionales basados en agentes (ABM) puede considerarse interesante en la representación de estas interacciones. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar cómo se puede investigar y tratar con interacciones biológicas a través de ABM. En primer lugar se presentan algunos ejemplos de ABM implementados en un entorno de programación de acceso abierto y disponible desde la web, la plataforma multiagente NetLogo. A continuación, escogida una interacción intraespecífica particular, como es el canibalismo microbiano que exhibe la bacteria Bacillus subtilis, se presenta el caso de estudio, con el desarrollo del diseño conceptual del ABM para su representación, su implementación en NetLogo, y un análisis de sensibilidad unifactorial de alguno de sus parámetros para explorar la respuesta del sistema virtual bajo distintos escenarios de simulación. El simulador obtenido será manejado en el entorno académico (su origen fue un Trabajo Final de Grado de la titulación Ingeniería de Sistemas Biológicos de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya), será útil tanto en la docencia como para la realización de investigaciones vinculadas con estas interacciones microbianas, abriendo expectativas para futuras aplicaciones prácticas.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
Automated detection of weather fronts using a deep learning neural network
Authors: Biard James C. , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) methods were used to develop an algorithm to
automatically detect weather fronts in fields of atmospheric surface
variables. An algorithm (DL-FRONT) for the automatic detection of fronts was
developed by training a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN)
with 5 years (2003–2007) of manually analyzed fronts and surface fields
of five atmospheric variables: temperature, specific humidity, mean sea
level pressure, and the two components of the wind vector. An analysis of
the period 2008–2015 indicates that DL-FRONT detects nearly 90 % of the
manually analyzed fronts over North America and adjacent coastal ocean
areas. An analysis of fronts associated with extreme precipitation events
shows that the detection rate may be substantially higher for important
weather-producing fronts. Since DL-FRONT was trained on a North American
dataset, its extensibility to other parts of the globe has not been tested,
but the basic frontal structure of extratropical cyclones has been applied
to global daily weather maps for decades. On that basis, we expect that
DL-FRONT will detect most fronts, and certainly most fronts with significant
weather. However, where complex terrain plays a role in frontal orientation
or other characteristics, it might be less successful.
Study of chemical structure, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanism of action of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on foodborne pathogens
Authors: Behbahani Behrooz Alizadeh , Noshad Mohammad , Falah Fereshteh 
Published: November 2019

In this study, chemical composition (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy), chemical structure (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and antioxidant potential (β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH/ABTS-radical scavenging activity tests) of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (SAEO) were evaluated. Eugenol (75.11%) was found to be the major compound of SAEO. Eugenol, as the main chemical constituent of SAEO, showed its signature peaks in the wavenumber range of 720 – 1250 cm-1, ascribing to the C=C region. The antimicrobial activity of SAEO on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then applied to unravel the antibacterial mechanism of SAEO on E. coli as the most resistant strain and L. innocua as the most sensitive strain. The MTT assay was also used to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of SAEO on human colonic cancer cell lines (HT29 cell line) and the highest cytotoxic effect was observed at 200 mg.mL-1 concentration of SAEO. The SEM micrographs revealed that the SAEO treatment was able to manifestly increase the cell permeabilization and membrane integrity disruption. This means that the entirety of the cell membranes was remarkably affected by the essential oil, which could lead to cytoplasm secretion and subsequent cell death. The data strongly suggest that SAEO had a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity.
Tangible Rewards or Intangible Rewards - Which Play Most Significant Role in Increasing Job-Hopping Behavior in Generation Y Employees in Pakistan?
Authors: Saif Uresha , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed 
Published: November 2019

Job hopping in the modern world is one of the major challenges that can be perceived in the current workforce market in Generation Y. The determination of this exploration is to scrutinize among tangible or intangible rewards, which plays most significant role in increasing job-hopping behavior in Generation Y employees in Pakistan. Tangible rewards were factored in 1. Market Competitive Pay, 2. Monetary Benefits and 3. Performance Incentives, whereas intangible rewards include 1. Quality of Work, 2. Work Life Balance, 3. Inspiration & Values, 4. Organization Environment and 5. Future Growth & Opportunity. The data was collected by means of close ended likert scale based questionnaire from 201 employees who belong to different industries in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis & Structured Equation Modelling were used for the examination. The study found that job hopping is optimistically associated with intangible rewards in Gen Y employees & negatively associated with tangible rewards. This research provides insight to employers which factors must be considered while developing strategies for employees’ compensation and retention in order to retain their competent employees and minimize job hopping behavior in Generation Y employees.
Estudio sobre el patrimonio de la ciudad de Lorca en educación primaria
Authors: Martínez de Miguel López Silvia , Salmerón Aroca Juan Antonio , Serrano Ruiz María Luz 
Published: November 2019

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el nivel de conocimientos, que posee el alumnado de educación primaria de Lorca (Murcia), acerca de los bienes culturales de la ciudad después del seísmo que asoló a la ciudad en 2011. En el marco de un diseño de investigación no experimental, de tipo exploratorio, se empleó un cuestionario creado ad hoc, que fue aplicado a 156 escolares de educación primaria. Los resultados del estudio muestran una evidente capacidad de mejora respecto al nivel de conocimiento y grado de frecuentación del alumnado al patrimonio histórico artístico. Se concluye que, a pesar de más de un lustro de rehabilitación del patrimonio lorquino, sin embargo, el conocimiento por parte del alumnado es todavía escaso frente a sus posibilidades pedagógicas, siendo necesario promover e incrementar su frecuentación, difusión, divulgación y conocimiento desde la escuela.Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the level of knowledge of primary education students about the cultural and museum heritage, after having suffered the earthquake that devastated the city on 2011. A non-experimental research design, of an exploratory type, was used an ad hoc questionnaire, which was applied to 156 primary school students. The results of the study show an evident improvement in the level of knowledge and degree of attendance of the local cultural heritage. It is concluded that, despite after more than a few years of rehabilitation of the lorquino heritage, however, the knowledge of the students is still low compared to their pedagogical possibilities, being necessary to promote and to increase their frequency, dissemination, dissemination and knowledge from school.
Teatro de animação na escola: procedimentos e reflexões
Authors: Rodrigues Eder Sumariva 
Published: November 2019

Tem-se por objetivo neste artigo a apresentação de reflexões pedagógicas desenvolvidas com as linguagens do Teatro de Animação em escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Florianópolis/SC com alunos do quinto ao nono ano. Estas experiências pedagógicas que incluem o Teatro de Sombras e o Teatro de Máscaras ocorreram entre 2016 e 2018 na rede municipal de ensino de Florianópolis. Na primeira parte desse texto, descrevo os procedimentos pedagógicos utilizados durante as aulas de artes cê- nicas e, no segundo momento, reflexões acerca da ausência/presença e da importância do Teatro de Animação na escola. Palavras-chave: Pedagogia. Teatro de Máscaras. Teatro de Sombras. Teatro de Animação. Escola.
METHOD OF EVALUATING CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT USING ELECTROMAGNETIC DRYING OF SAMPLE OF ARBITRARY SHAPE
Authors: Afanasiev Anatoly M. , Popov Gleb. A. , Siplivy Boris N. 
Published: November 2019

Analytical methods were used to study the process of removing moisture from the sample of arbitrary shape, located in the working chamber of the installation for drying by electromagnetic waves. The sample is blown by the air flow and exposed to two types of radiation, having a large and, accordingly, small compared to the size of the sample penetration depth. To increase the uniformity of blowing and heat treatment, the sample is rotated. The equations of heat and mass transfer theory are used as a mathematical model of drying Lykov in a medium with constant thermal coefficients. Using transformations of three types - averaging over turnaround time, averaging over coordinates, and transition to time asymptotics - the original equations are reduced to a form that contains only numerical characteristics of functions. On the basis of these relations, formulas for the values called characteristic temperature and moisture content differences, which characterize the degree of heterogeneity of the corresponding fields, are proposed. The introduced differences depend on the thermophysical parameters of the material, the typical size of the sample (for the ball – diameter), as well as on the power of generators of electromagnetic waves with a large and small penetration depth. In the case of a ball, the characteristic differences give the exact values of the temperature difference and the moisture content difference between the surface of the ball and its center. The results of the work allow to organize electromagnetic drying, in which at a high intensity of moisture evaporation from the surface of the sample there is no overheating of the material (due to a large temperature drop) or its destruction from mechanical deformations (due to a large difference in moisture content).
POLYMERIC COMPOSITION FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER FROM VARIOUS IMPURITIES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: Amonova Matluba M. , Ravshanov Kazokmurod A. 
Published: November 2019

This article deals with the development of new and improvement of traditional methods of wastewater treatment of dyening and finishing industries. The composition was developed on the basis of local natural minerals (bentonite Navahermosa origin, sodium bisulfite, polyacrylamide and aluminium sulphate) for the treatment of wastewater of the textile industry. The influence of bentonite particle size on the degree of wastewater discoloration at different flow rates was studied. With a range of wastewater supply flow rates from 0.5 to 2.0 m/s with a particle size of bentonite adsorbent in the range of 0.25-1.0 nm, the maximum degree of wastewater bleaching is achieved and it is in the range of 84-87%. For microporous adsorbents (CAD-100 and CAD-200) the effectiveness of the discoloration also does not depend on the particle size and ranges from 85 to 87 %. It was found that, for fine-pored adsorbents (BKA-100 and BKA-200), the efficiency of discoloration also practically does not depend on the particle size and ranges from 85 to 87 %. The highest degree of wastewater treatment according to the proposed composition, apparently due to the fact that in the adsorption process, in addition to the sorption of sewage impurities on the surface of adsorbents, there is a sorption of ions and molecules of dissolved substances on the surfaces of air bubbles and their removal in the foam layer. The wastewater treatment parameters of the dyeing and finishing shop using the bentonite composite adsorbent show that the degree of removal of contaminants by the method developed by us is much higher compared to the sedimentation of aluminum or iron oxyhydrates with adsorbed contaminants. Moreover, the effects of reducing the value of COD and concentration of the surfactant in the wastewater was, on average, 65 % and 82 %, and compared to the effects of reducing the same parameters at defending precipitation of oxyhydrates at 48-54 % and 54-61 %, respectively.
Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Peterson Darryl R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier consists of specialised endothelial cells primarily lining brain capillaries. It serves to restrict and control the movement of substances between the general circulation and brain extracellular fluid. It participates in regulating the volume and composition of fluid within and surrounding the central nervous system through specific transport processes and thus contributes to its homoeostasis. Some of these processes may be regulated hormonally or modulated by adjacent cells including astrocytes and pericytes. The barrier function of the blood–brain barrier is due to (1) tight junctions that restrict the movement of substances between the endothelial cells, (2) specific transport proteins that determine which substances can cross the barrier transcellularly and (3) enzymes that may degrade or alter substances prior to passage. Systemically administered drugs intended to treat neurological disorders must be designed to bypass the restrictive elements of the blood–brain barrier. Pathological conditions associated with the central nervous system may alter blood–brain barrier function.Key ConceptsThe blood–brain barrier regulates brain extracellular fluid.Brain capillaries form a tight barrier except in specialised areas.Tight junctions restrict paracellular movement of substances across the blood–brain barrier.Astrocytes and pericytes contribute to differentiation and function of the blood–brain barrier.Transport across the blood–brain barrier may be passive or active.Enzymes contribute a metabolic barrier to the blood–brain barrier.Delivery of drugs to the brain requires a strategy to by‐pass the blood–brain barrier.Blood–brain barrier function may be altered in the context of neurological disorders.
The Bright X‐Ray Stimulated Luminescence of HfO2 Nanocrystals Activated by Ti Ions
Authors: Villa Irene , Moretti Federico , Fasoli Mauro , Rossi Antonella , Hattendorf Bodo , Dujardin Christophe , Niederberger Markus , Vedda Anna , Lauria Alessandro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe recent trends in scintillator technologies stimulate research efforts toward the development of novel materials morphologies, such as nanoparticles, able to efficiently convert ionizing radiations into light. For example, scintillating nanoparticles attract great interest in medical oncological therapies. In this work, the structural and morphological properties of HfO2:Ti nanoparticles with Ti concentrations from 0.03 to 10 mol% and subjected to calcination up to 1000 °C are thoroughly characterized; moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the incorporation of Ti in both Ti (III) and Ti (IV) chemical states in as prepared samples, while the exclusive presence of Ti(IV) is unambiguously identified in calcined nanoparticles. The optical emission under X‐ray excitation evidences an intense Ti (IV)‐related luminescence at 2.5 eV in high temperature calcined samples with a few microseconds scintillation lifetime, and efficiency comparable to that of Bi4Ge3O12 reference scintillator. Finally, the competitive role of defects in charge carriers capture is demonstrated by the monotonic increase of the 2.5 eV band during prolonged X‐ray irradiation, more evident for nanoparticles with titanium concentration below 1 mol%. HfO2:Ti may also find application in X‐ray triggered oncological therapies by using the Ti (IV)‐related bright radioluminescence to excite photosensitizer molecules for singlet oxygen generation.
Es ist im Kleingedruckten: Löschbare dreidimensionale lasergedruckte Mikro‐ und Nanostrukturen
Authors: Gräfe David , Walden Sarah L. , Blinco James , Wegener Martin , Blasco Eva , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDer 3D‐Druck in allen Dimensionen ist in der Wissenschaft‐ und Industrieforschung derzeit ein dynamisches Thema, da er ein enormes Potenzial hat, die Fertigungsindustrie radikal zu verändern. Wegen der dem Fertigungsprozess innewohnenden Besonderheit erfordern 3D‐Druckstrukturen häufig zusätzliches Trägermaterial, um komplexe Merkmale strukturell zu unterstützen. Dieses Trägermaterial muss nach dem Druck – manchmal auch subtraktive Fertigung genannt – entfernt werden, ohne die verbleibende Struktur zu beeinträchtigen. Eine elegante Lösung für dieses Problem ist der Einsatz von Photolacken mit labilen Bindungen, die eine kontrollierte Spaltung mit spezifischen Auslösern nach dem Druck ermöglichen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz diskutieren wir Design, Auflösung, Spaltungseigenschaften und aktuelle Einschränkungen ausgewählter Beispiele. Darüber hinaus teilen wir unsere Sichtweise auf mögliche labile Bindungen und den entsprechenden Spaltauslöser mit, von denen wir glauben, dass sie vielversprechendes Potenzial für zukünftige Anwendungen haben und das Repertoire der verfügbaren spaltbaren Photolacke sinnvoll erweitern werden.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a Fused Tricyclic Hydronaphthofuran Scaffold by Desymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Teng Qi , Mao Wenxiu , Chen Dong , Wang Zhen , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA rhodium(I)‐BINAP‐catalyzed highly enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of enynes with alkynes has been developed. Diverse fused tricyclic hydronaphthofuran scaffolds with three consecutive stereogenic centers were constructed in one step from easily available materials with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Notable features of these reactions include 100 % atom economy, very broad scope, and mild reaction conditions.
Lichtgesteuerte Polymerisation von Dopamin auf DNA‐Origami im Nanometer‐Regime
Authors: Winterwerber Pia , Harvey Sean , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDurch die Installation eines strahlungssensitiven Polymerisationssystems auf DNA‐Origami kann eine zeitliche und räumliche Kontrolle über die Bildung von Polydopamin im Nanobereich erreicht werden. Präzise angeordnete G‐Quadruplex Strukturen auf dem DNA‐Origami‐Templat fungieren als Ankerpunkte für die Einlagerung des Photosensibilisators Protoporphyrin IX. Die Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht induziert die mehrstufige Oxidation von Dopamin zu Polydopamin, welche zu polymeren Ablagerungen an vordefinierten Positionen des Origami‐Gerüsts führt. Die photochemische Natur dieses Prozesses gewährt eine exklusive Steuerbarkeit der Polydopamin‐Bildung, da die Lichtquelle einfach an‐ und ausgeschaltet werden kann. Das so erhaltene Polymer‐DNA‐Hybridmaterial weist eine signifikant erhöhte Stabilität im Vergleich zum Ausgangsmaterial auf und ebnet damit den Weg für biomedizinische und chemische Anwendungen, die im Allgemeinen durch die Instabilität von DNA limitiert sind.
Eine unerwartete transanulare [4+2]‐Cycloaddition während der Gesamtsynthese von (+)‐Norcembren 5
Authors: Breunig Michael , Yuan Po , Gaich Tanja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEine enantioselektive Totalsynthese des Diterpenoids (+)‐Norcembren 5 ausgehend von einfachen, gut zugänglichen Bausteinen wird berichtet. Schlüsselschritte unserer Synthese sind eine Ringschluss‐Metathese und eine Auxiliar‐basierte enantioselektive 1,4‐Addition. Im Zuge dieser Synthese wurde ein hochoxygeniertes pentacyclisches Ringsystem etabliert, das in einer spontanen transannularen [4+2]‐Cycloaddition gebildet wurde.