bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neotectonic mountain uplift and geomorphology
Authors: Ollier C. D. , Pain C. F. 
Published: November 2019

Mountains are topographic features caused by erosion after vertical uplift or mountain building. Mountain building is often confused with orogeny, which today means the formation of structures in fold belts. The common assumption that folding and mountain building go together is generally untrue. Many mountains occur in unfolded rocks, granites and volcanic rocks, so there is no direct association of folding and mountain building. In those places where mountains are underlain by folded rocks the folding pre-dates planation and uplift. The age of mountains is therefore not the age of the last folding (if any) but the age of vertical uplift. Since mountains are not restricted to folded rocks, lateral compression is not required to explain the uplift.
A compilation of times of uplift of mountains around the world shows that a major phase of tectonic uplift started about 6 Ma, and much uplift occurred in the last 2 Ma. This period is known as the Neotectonic Period. It is a global phenomenon including mountains on passive continental margins, and those in deep continental interiors. Several hypotheses of mountain building have problems with this timing. Some fail by being only able to make mountains out of folded rock at continental margins. Many translate the vertical uplift into lateral compression, but vertical uplift alone can create mountains.
The Neotectonic Period has important implications for geomorphology, climate and global tectonics. In geomorphology it does not fit into conventional theories of geomorphology such as Davisian or King cycles of erosion. Neotectonic uplift might initiate several cycles of erosion, but most planation surfaces are much older than the Neotectonic Period. The increasing relief associated with Neotectonic uplift affected rates of erosion and sedimentation, and also late Cenozoic climate.
The Neotectonic Period does not fit within plate tectonics theory, in which mountains are explained as a result of compression at active margins: mountains in other locations are said to have been caused by the same process but further back in time. This is disproved by the young age of uplift of mountains in intercontinental and passive margin positions. Subduction is supposed to have been continuous for hundreds of millions of years, so fails to explain the world-wide uplifts in just a few million years.
Geomorphologists should be guided by their own findings, and refrain from theory-driven hypotheses of plate collision or landscape evolution.
Evaluating serum C-reactive protein level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A cross-sectional study
Authors: M Karthika , Bhardwaj Prakash Chandra , Sharma Laimayum Amarnath , Sharma Laimayum Amarnath , Kanan W , Singh W Asoka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ongoing systemic inflammation, which can be assessed by measuring serum C- reactive protein.
Objective: To explore whether CRP could be used as an independent predictor of disease outcome in COPD.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 COPD patients attending Respiratory Medicine outpatient services in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from January 2015 to September 2016. Patients aged 18-67 were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. Computerized Spirometer Helios 401 was the instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities. BeneSpheraTM CRP Latex Slide test kit was used to estimate serum c-reactive protein.
Results and observation: The present study was conducted on fifty COPD patients in which serum CRP level showed positive correlation with COPD (p=0.002) but serum CRP level with spirometric parameters showed significant negative correlation;FEV1 (r=-0.451, p=0.001), FEV1/FVC (r=-0.617, p<0.001) and PEFR (r=-0.398, p=0.004).
Conclusion: In our study, we found an association between serum CRP level and severity of COPD and Plasma CRP may be used as a marker of prognosis in COPD as the small increase is associated with poorer prognosis in COPD.
Keywords: CRP; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Imphal.
Pengetahuan, Status Hidrasi, Persen Lemak Tubuh, Kadar Hemoglobin, dan Kebugaran Atlet Senam
Authors: Ghalda Ayu , Gifari Nazhif , Nadiyah Nadiyah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhysical fitness is the ability of a person body to do a day work without feeling significant fatigue, that the body has a reserve of energy to overcome the excessive workload. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hydration knowledge, hydration status, body composition, hemoglobin level with physical fitness in gymnastics athletes. This study was design a cross sectional study at GOR Raden Inten East Jakarta. Independent variables were hydration knowledge, hydration status, body composition (percent of body fat) and hemoglobin level, while the dependent variable was physical fitness. The statistical test used in this study was the spearman correlation test, because the dependent variable in this study was abnormally distributed. The results of this study were that there was no significant relationship between hydration knowledge and physical fitness (r = 0.181; p > 0.05), there was no significant relationship between hydration status and physical fitness (r = -0,440; p = 0,052), there was no relationship significant between body composition (percent of body fat) and physical fitness (r = 0,351; p > 0.05), and there was a significant relationship between hemoglobin level and physical fitness (r = 0,600; p < 0.05). The conclusion in this study, there was a significant relationship between hemoglobin level and physical fitness.Kebugaran jasmani merupakan kemampuan tubuh seseorang untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan sehari-hari tanpa merasakan kelelahan yang cukup berarti, sehingga tubuh itu sendiri memiliki cadangan energi untuk mengatasi beban kerja yang berlebih. Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan hidrasi, status hidrasi, komposisi tubuh, kadar hemoglobin dengan kebugaran pada atlet senam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di GOR Raden Inten Jakarta Timur. Variabel independen yaitu pengetahuan hidrasi, status hidrasi, komposisi tubuh (persen lemak tubuh)dan kadar hemoglobin, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu kebugaran. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi spearman, karena variabel dependen pada penelitan berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan hidrasi dan kebugaran (r=0,181; p>0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status hidrasi dan kebugaran (r=-0,440; p>0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komposisi tubuh dan kebugaran (r=0,351; p>0,05) dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dan kebugaran (r=0,600; p<0,05). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kebugaran atlet.
Bitcoin and its Legality from Shariah Point of View
Authors: Abubakar Yusuf Sani , Ogunbado Ahmad Faosiy , Saidi Mpawenimana Abdallah 
Published: November 2019

Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency and the most successful in blockchain management. It has become famous in recent years. The critical aspects of cryptocurrency are its legitimacy, source of money laundering, tax evasion, lack of regulation etc. The aim of this study is to explore the view of Muslim scholars on the legality of bitcoin with respect to Shariah. The study adopts doctrinal approach which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of text books, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that Muslim scholars are divided on the issue. A part of them completely rejected bitcoin and considered it against Shariah principles. On the other hand, some Muslim scholars believe bitcoin does not contradict Islamic principles and therefore may be used, however with certain conditions. The researchers tend to support the proponents’ view as most of the opponents’ grounds for the rejection are temporary in nature which may be covered through policy regulations.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Supervisi Akademik Biro III Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah Di SMA Nazhatut Thullab Sampang
Authors: Hoddin Muhammad Sholeh 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak:Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen adalah salah satu bagian yang secara struktural berada di bawah Ketua Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Nazhatut Thullab yang diberi wewenang sebagai pengembang dan evaluator pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kegiatan supervisi dalam meningkatkan kualitas guru, yang dilaksanakan oleh tim supervisor yang dibentuk oleh Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif dengan bentuk studi kasus. Reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data disply), dan verifikasi (verification) merupakan teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam kegaiatan supervisi akademik diawali dengan menyusun perencaan yang meliputi: tujuan, sasaran, penyusunan format instrumen dan waktu pelaksanaan supervisi akademik. Sedangkan dalam tahap pelaksanaannya, dalam supervisi akademik ini, Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen menggunakan teknik observasi kelas dan pembicaran individual yang bersifat sharing, artinya posisi supervisor bukan semata-semata sebagai atasan melainkan sebagai relasi. Evaluasi sebagai tahap akhir dari proses supervisi akademik, mengahasilkan penilaian dan tindaklanjut, yaitu berupa pembinaan, workshop dan promosi kenaikan status kepegawaian.
Kata Kunci: Kompetensi guru, supervisi akademik
Abstract: Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen is one part that is structurally under the Chair of the Nazhatut Thullab Boarding School Foundation which is authorized as an education developer and evaluator. This study aims to find out how supervision activities in improving the quality of teachers, carried out by the supervisory team formed by the Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen. The approach used in this study is descriptive-qualitative with the form of case studies. Data reduction, data disply, and verificationare data analysis techniques used in this study. The results of this study are that in academic supervision activities begin with preparing planning which includes: goals, objectives, preparation of the instrument format and the time for conducting academic supervision. While in the implementation stage, in this academic supervision, Biro III Bag. Dikdasmen uses class observation techniques and individual conversations which are sharing, meaning supervisor positions are not merely as superiors but as relationships. Evaluation is the final stage of the academic supervision process, resulting in assessments and follow-up, namely in the form of coaching, workshops and promotion of increased employment status.
Keywords: Teacher Competence, Academic supervision
Investigation of biochemical usefulness of tea(Camellia sinensis )flower
Authors: YAYLACI KARAHALİL Fatma , CAN Zehra 
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada (Camellia sinensis) çay çiçeğinin antioksidan aktivitesi, toplam flavonoid içeriği, toplam fenolik içeriği ve yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC) ile fenolik içeriği ve şeker içeriği, antimikrobiyal aktivitesi incelendi ve istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Yapılan çalışmada bazı önemli sonuçlar bulundu; Toplam fenolik içerik (mg GAE - g), 28.641 ± 0.742; Toplam flavonoid içeriği (mg Quercetin - g), 16.393 ± 0.033; Antioksidan aktivite, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil radikal) Radikal Temizleme aktivitesi(Trolox mg - mL), 0.0843 ± 0.001. Bu çalışmada, çay çiçeğinden elde edilen metanolik özün, 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikal temizleme aktivitesi analizinde güçlü antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu bulundu. Çay çiçeği metanolik ekstraktından tanımlanan ana fenolik bileşik, kateşin 128.126 mg - kg dir. Suda çözünür şeker içerği, oda sıcaklığında ve 100 ° C’ de ekstrakte edilen numuneden ve HPLC ile tespit edildi. Şeker içeriğinin fruktoz, glukoz ve sükrozdan oluştuğu bulundu. Numuneler ısıtıldığında şeker içeriklerinin neredeyse iki kat arttığı tespit edildi. Ayrıca çay çiçeğinin antimikrobiyal aktivitesine bakıldı ve Micrococcus luteus’a karşı en duyarlı olduğu tespit edildi.
VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE: CLINICAL, COAGULOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND GENETIC DATA COMPARISON
Authors: Chernetskaya D. M. , Likhacheva E. A. , Pshenichnikova O. S. , Surin V. L. , Zozulya N. I. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Von Willebrand disease (vWD) — one of the most common coagulopathies — is characterised by a rather complicated inheritance pattern, which can be either dominant or recessive depending on the disease type. Aim. To compare clinical, coagulological and molecular genetic data obtained when examining patients with various types of vWD.Materials and methods. The vWF gene exons were sequenced in 16 patients suffering from VWD using the Sanger method.Results. In total, 12 various mutations were identified, one of which (Pro2527His) has not been previously observed in the world population. The c.2435delC microdeletion being a major mutation in many European countries was found to be the most common. This microdeletion was observed in 9 patients, 6 of whom had the most severe recessive form of the disease — type 3 (3 homozygotes). In two patients, this disorder was accompanied by the missense mutation Thr791Met, which allowed the authors to diagnose a rather rare recessive variant of vWD — 2N. In general, the data obtained by molecular genetic analysis correlated with the differential diagnosis of the vWD type, which is based on the clinical picture of the disease and coagulological properties. In only one case, the Arg1374Cys mutation characteristic of type 2 VWD (A/M) was observed in a patient with the alleged type 1 vWD. Most of the mutations were found in exons 18 (mainly c.2435delC deletion) and 28 which makes them the most perspective exons for the mutation search.Conclusion. The search for mutations in the vWF gene should start from exons 18 and 28. The obtained information provides a basis for developing an economical algorithm aimed at searching for mutations in the vWF gene in our counrtry vWD patients.
ROTATION THROMBOELASTOMETRY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF FACTOR DEFICIENCY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE HEMOSTATIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH INHERITED COAGULATION DISORDERS
Authors: Galstyan G. M. , Polevodova O. A. , Yakovleva E. V. , Shchekina A. E. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a method for studying haemostasis at the place of providing care, which allows identification of disorders on the basis of extrinsic and / or intrinsic coagulation pathways.Aim. To study the possibility of using ROTEM for diagnosing the deficiency of individual blood coagulation factors, as well as for monitoring the efficacy and safety of haemostatic therapy in such coagulopathies.Materials and methods. The study included 9 patients with a congenital deficiency in various coagulation factors. The authors performed ROTEM, as well as coagulological tests to determine activated partial thromboplastin time, Quick’s value, fibrinogen and the plasma activity of coagulation factors FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FXI and FXII. In order to exclude the effects of heparin or hyperfibrinogenaemia, HEPTEM and / or FIBTEM were conducted. In order to identify the deficiency of individual coagulation factors, the authors used standard plasma samples and plasma deficient in one of the coagulation factors. The citrated blood under study was mixed with standard plasma and that deficient in one of the studied factors in a 2:1 ratio for subsequent repetition of the EXTEM and / or INTEM tests. Coagulation factor deficiency was confirmed by a change in the CT parameter.Results. Isolated prolongation of EXTEM CT was detected in the setting of FVII deficiency; while INTEM CT prolongation occurred under the deficiency of FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII, with simultaneous EXTEM and INTEM CT prolongation being observed in the context of FVII deficiency. The test of a mixture of citrated blood and standard plasma revealed shortened EXTEM CT in the setting of FVII deficiency and shortened INTEM CT under the deficiency of FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII, with the shortening of both EXTEM and INTEM CT being detected in the setting of FV deficiency. In a sample containing a mixture of whole blood and plasma deficient in the studied factor, CT remained prolonged or increased. Clinical examples of using ROTEM for diagnosing coagulation factor deficiency are presented.Conclusion. The normalisation of ROTEM parameters in a standard plasma sample along with the preservation of hypocoagulation in a factor-deficient plasma sample confirms the coagulation factor deficiency. ROTEM provides the possibility of monitoring the efficacy of haemostatic therapy for congenital deficiencies in individual blood coagulation factors.
MOLECULAR GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA TUMOUR CELLS PRIOR TO TREATMENT AND AT THE TIME OF RELAPSE: SHORT REVIEW AND CASE REPORT
Authors: Sergeeva A. M. , Abramova T. V. , Surin V. L. , Obukhova T. N. , Dovydenko M. V. , Suntsova M. V. , Buzdin A. A. , Mendeleeva L. P. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lymphoproliferative disorder, for which the duration of remission is hard to predict.Aim. To analyse the molecular genetic status of the tumour of MM patient with a short remission period at the onset and relapse of the disease, as well as to conduct its comparison with the clinical course of the disease.Materials and methods. Somatic mutations were detected through Sanger sequencing. The level of gene expression was analysed using RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform. In order to study chromosomal rearrangements, the authors performed fluorescence hybridisation in situ (FISH study).Results. Prior to the treatment and during the relapse of the disease, the patient revealed a heterozygous clonal mutation p.182A>C (p.Q61P) in the N-RAS gene, which is known to hamper regulation of the MAPK signalling pathway. The transcriptome analysis performed using the RNA-seq method revealed a sharp increase in the expression of the IL6 gene during relapse (by 30 times), which could have served as a trigger for the progression of multiple myeloma, given that this cytokine stimulates cell proliferation by activating various signalling pathways (MAPK, JAK- STAT, PI3K). The progression of the disease was also accompanied by an increased expression of key regulatory genes (с-MYC, Notch2, MDM, RAF1, STAT4, mTOR) and a sharp decrease in the expression of immunoglobulin genes, which caused deep immunodeficiency in the patient. A molecular cytogenetic study (FISH) revealed trisomy of chromosomes 5, 9 and 15 at the onset of the disease. Disease relapse occurred with the amplification of the 1q21 locus, with hyperdiploidy being preserved.Conclusion. In order to predict the duration of the remission period, a complex molecular genetic screening is required.
Фізіолого-функціональна характеристика організму відгодівельних бугайців за впливу техногенного навантаження
Authors: Velychko V. O. 
Published: November 2019

Однією з актуальних проблем для тваринництва, зокрема у зонах техногенного забруднення, є розробка науково-практичних основ його ведення. Техногенне навантаження на довкілля і забруднення сільськогосподарських угідь різними ксенобіотиками проявляється імунодефіцитним станом організму тварин, а також може спричиняти мутагенну, тератогенну, навіть ембріотоксичну дію. До основних причин, які суттєво впливають на функціональний стан організму, здоров'я тварин, відповідно і людей вважають екологічний стан середовища. Особливо гострою ця проблема відчувається в районах, де не контролюються промислові викиди, безсистемно вносяться мінеральні добрива, гербіциди, пестициди, засоби стимулювання рослин. Дослідженнями підтверджено, що в таких районах підвищується і вміст важких металів у ґрунті, воді, відповідно і кормах, які використовуються у тваринництві, що знижує біологічну і поживну їх цінність та сприяє накопиченню в організмі токсичних сполук. Тому заслуговує на увагу необхідність вдосконалення, у зонах техногенного навантаження, сільськогосподарського виробництва в цілому, та і системи ведення галузі тваринництва та годівлі тварин зокрема. Виправданим напрямком в цій роботі є проведення моніторингу ксенобіотиків, зокрема важких металів у трофічному ланцюгу: ґрунт-рослина-корм-тварина-людина.
Важливість одержання саме таких даних викликана ще й тим, що зі зміною інтенсивності процесів метаболізму в організмі продуктивних тварин у зонах техногенного навантаження можливо ціленаправлено корегувати різними біологічно активними добавками процеси перетворення компонентів корму і трансформації їх у продукцію, швидкість і напрямок перебігу ферментативних реакцій, і, таким чином, нормалізувати окремі ланки обміну речовин, що, відповідно сприятиме підвищенню продуктивних якостей тварин та одержання якісної і безпечної продукції. Питання наслідків техногенного навантаження на фізіолого-функціональний стан організму тварин потребує розширення відповідних досліджень і відпрацювання заходів як збереження екологічної рівноваги середовища, так і збереження благополуччя тваринництва.
Фізіолого-біохімічні показники крові за згодовування щурам комплексів металів у складі полімерного транспортера і дефіцитного за поживними речовинами раціону
Authors: Branec R. , Kuzmina N. , Denys G. , Martyn Yu. , Ostapiv D. , Oleksa V. , Nagornjak M. , Dron I. , Samaryk V. , Varvarenko S. 
Published: November 2019

Досліджували фізіолого-біохімічні показники крові за згодовування щурам комплексів металів (Fe+2/+3-, Zn+2-, Cu+2 - і Mn+2-) у складі полімерного транспортера (МЕmLПЕГ400) і дефіцитного за поживними речовинами раціону.
Встановлено, що за згодовування дефіцитного за поживними речовинами раціону (депривації) в організмі тварин проявляється тенденція до активування процесів еритропоезу за зниження концентрації гемоглобіну в клітинах і, відповідно, кисень поглинаючої здатності крові. Зокрема, в крові щурів підвищуються число еритроцитів у групах: за депривації та за додавання Fe+2/+3- і Mn+2-mLПЕГ400 (р < 0,05), концентрація гемоглобіну на 6,2, 2,8 і 5,7 % (р < 0,05) за згодовування комплексів, відповідно, Fe+2/+3-, Zn2+- і Mn2+-mLПЕГ400 та зменшується на 5,9 % (р < 0,05) за Cu2+-mLПЕГ400, а кисень-поглинаюча здатність крові нижча (р < 0,001) за депривації (контроль № 2; в 4,0 рази) і (в 2,5, 3,4, 2,9 і 2,2 раза) за згодовування комплексів, відповідно, Cu2+-, Fe2+-, Zn2+- і Mn2+-mLПЕГ400, порівняно до величин значень у тварин, яким згодовували повноцінний раціон. Додаткове згодовування МЕmLПЕГ400, присутність металів та залишків глютамінової кислоти, зменшують негативний вплив депривації на концентрацію гемоглобіну і фізіологічну здатність крові (еритроцитів) поглинати кисень.
Додавання комплексних солей металів з N-поліоксиетилен похідними глутамінової кислоти у склад дефіцитного раціону проявляється зниженням активності ГГТ, АСТ і АЛТ у плазмі крові щурів, що характеризує слабкий цито- і органотоксичний вплив доданих доз МЕmLПЕГ400 на клітини організму тварин, в основному, печінки та нирок.
За згодовування дефіцитного за поживними речовинами раціону, в крові щурів зростає активність ГПО (р < 0,001), а за додавання Cu2+-mLПЕГ400 ˗ підвищується активність ГПО та КАТ (р < 0,05) і збільшується вміст ТБК-активних продуктів (р < 0,01), порівняно з тваринами, яким згодовували повноцінний раціон.