bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-Fiber Liquid-Level Sensor Based on In-Line MSM Fiber Structure
Authors: Sun Tingting , Liu Zigeng , Liu Yun , Zhang Yang , Jing Zhenguo , Peng Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate an all-fiber liquid-level sensor using an in-line multimode-single-mode-multimode (MSM) fiber structure. A piece of single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced to two sections of equivalent multimode fiber (MMF) which are used as both mode splitter and mode coupler. The cladding mode will be excited when the light propagates from MMF to SMF, and then it will be combined with fundamental mode to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) when the light propagates from SMF to the other MMF. The liquid level is detected by the selected resonant dips shift of the transmission spectrum. A sensing sensitivity of 264.6 pm/mm is achieved for the proposed sensor with an SMF length of 26mm. Due to its compact structure, easy fabrication, and high sensitivity, the proposed liquid-level sensor is attractive for practical applications in a variety of fields, such as marine detection and chemical processing.
Mean reflected stochastic differential equations with jumps
Authors: Briand Phillippe , Ghannoum Abir , Labart Céline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a reflected stochastic differential equation (SDE) with jumps is studied for the case where the constraint acts on the law of the solution rather than on its paths. These reflected SDEs have been approximated by Briand et al. (2016) using a numerical scheme based on particles systems, when no jumps occur. The main contribution of this paper is to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solutions to this kind of reflected SDE with jumps and to generalize the results obtained by Briand et al. (2016) to this context.
Asymptotic properties of random Voronoi cells with arbitrary underlying density
Authors: Gibbs Isaac , Chen Linan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the Voronoi diagram generated by n independent and identically distributed
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
-valued random variables with an arbitrary underlying probability density function f on
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
, and analyze the asymptotic behaviors of certain geometric properties, such as the measure, of the Voronoi cells as n tends to infinity. We adapt the methods used by Devroye et al. (2017) to conduct a study of the asymptotic properties of two types of Voronoi cells: (1) Voronoi cells that have a fixed nucleus; (2) Voronoi cells that contain a fixed point. We show that the geometric properties of both types of cells resemble those in the case when the Voronoi diagram is generated by a homogeneous Poisson point process. Additionally, for the second type of Voronoi cells, we determine the limiting distribution, which is universal in all choices of f, of the re-scaled measure of the cells.
WITCH-KILLINGS AND THE LAW IN UGANDA
Authors: Solomon Rukundo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeople believed to be witches have been killed in many parts of Africa since precolonial times. Belief in witchcraft persists today among many people, occasionally resulting in the killing of the suspected witch. The killer views witchcraft as an attack similar in nature to the use of physical force and therefore kills the witch in an attempt to end the perceived attack. As it stands today, the law in Uganda fails to strike a balance between the rights of the deceased victim violated through murder and those of the accused who honestly believes that he or she or a loved one was a victim of witchcraft. This article argues that the defenses that are currently available—mistake of fact, self-defense, insanity, and provocation by witchcraft—are insufficient, as they fail to strike that delicate balance. A more pragmatic approach to the issue of witch-killing, one that deals with the elimination of belief in witchcraft, is necessary.
Home Security: Drug Rehabilitation Centres, the Devil and Domesticity in Guatemala City
Authors: O'Neill Kevin Lewis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPentecostal drug rehabilitation centres in Guatemala City are informal responses to drug use, with these all-male institutions attempting to save drug users from what some Christians call ‘the devil’. Of ethnographic interest is that the mothers, sisters and wives not only pay for the capture and captivity of their loved ones but also volunteer their labour to support these centres. This article, in response, assesses not only the Christian impulse to domesticate sinners but also the extent to which a cult of domesticity organises Guatemala's war on drugs.
Understanding food westernisation and other contemporary drivers of adult, adolescent and child nutrition quality in urban Vietnam
Authors: Umberger Wendy J , Rupa Jesmin A , Zeng Di 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between consumption of western foods purchased and consumed away from home and measures of nutrition quality: average daily caloric intake and macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat and protein) shares, for urban consumers in Vietnam, a country undergoing economic transition.Design:Cross-sectional observational data were collected using household surveys and 24-h food diaries. Outcome variables were individual average daily caloric intake and shares of calories from macronutrients: carbohydrates, fat and protein. The key explanatory variable was individual daily share of calories from western food purchased and consumed away from home. Ordinary least squares and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association between the outcome variables: caloric intake and macronutrient shares and the share of calories from western food consumed away from home.Setting:Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.Participants:In total, 1685 households and 4997 individuals, including adults (aged$$ \ge $$18 years), adolescents (aged 10–17 years) and children (aged 0–9 years).Results:The share of calories from western food away from home was significantly associated with higher caloric intake among male and female adults (P< 0·01), adolescents (P< 0·01) and male children (P< 0·10) and was associated with higher shares of fat for male and female adults (P< 0·01), adolescents (P< 0·01) and male children (P< 0·01).Conclusions:Policymakers must be conscious of the numerous factors associated with poor nutrition quality, especially in younger Vietnamese individuals. Relevant interventions targeting at risk groups are required if nutrition improvement is a long-term goal.
The Impact of Evidence Type on Police Investigators’ Perceptions of Suspect Culpability and Evidence Reliability
Authors: Jang Minhwan , Luke Timothy J. , Granhag Pär-Anders , Vrij Aldert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In a repeated-measures experimental study, we examined how evidence type influences police investigators’ beliefs about (a) suspect’s culpability and (b) reliability of incriminating evidence. South Korean detectives ( N = 202) read four crime reports including general information about a crime and a suspect. In the general case information, one piece of critical and several pieces of noncritical evidence collected during the investigation were presented. Officers read four simulated reports of crimes, and in each report, they were given one piece of evidence linking the suspect to the crime. We manipulated the critical evidence identifying the suspect with four evidence types: CCTV, DNA, fingerprint, and eyewitness testimony. We found that evidence type influenced detectives’ judgments about suspect’s culpability and evidence reliability, such that when eyewitness (vs. CCTV, DNA, fingerprint) evidence was given as critical evidence, officers were more likely to think that the suspect was less culpable and that the evidence was less reliable. Theoretical and legal implications of these results are discussed.
Simulating the Water Environmental Capacity of a Seasonal River Using a Combined Watershed‐Water Quality Model
Authors: Ma B. , Dong F. , Peng W. Q. , Liu X. B. , Ding Y. , Huang A. P. , Gao X. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe water environmental capacity (WEC) is an effective tool to solve the water pollution problem and achieve optimal water quality management. However, in a seasonal river, some important input data such as discharge and pollution concentration from river tributaries and lateral inflows are rarely available. This makes WEC calculating more challenging. In this study, the water environment system model that integrates hydrological process in the watershed and hydrodynamic water quality process in the river is proposed to compensate for the lack of data. Taking the Guishui River basin as an example, the SWAT and HEC‐RAS models were selected. The discharge and pollution concentration of ungauged tributary output from SWAT are used as the inputs of the water quality model HEC‐RAS. In addition, static and dynamic design hydrological conditions were used to calculate WEC. The model results basically agree with the observed data, and it was verified that the integrated water environment system model can be used to calculate WEC. The pollutant reduction targets of the tributaries under the monthly line‐fitting method are less than that under static hydrological condition. The obtained results could be used to support water pollution control and water quality management in the Guishui River basin.
Global Modeling of Seasonal Mortality Rates From River Floods
Authors: Alfieri Lorenzo , Dottori Francesco , Salamon Peter , Wu Huan , Feyen Luc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn spite of their recurrent seasonal patterns, every year river floods affect millions of people and kill thousands. Knowing the average timing and magnitude of floods can help to better prepare for disasters by improving the humanitarian assistance and the management of resources, to ultimately reduce the overall flood impacts. This work presents a physically based modeling framework to estimate population exposed and mortality rates from river floods in all the world countries, as well as their temporal distribution within the average year. The methodology is based on a modeling cascade involving hydrologic‐hydraulic simulations at spatial resolution up to 1 km. Inundation areas are combined with population density to estimate human exposure and then aggregated at the country level. Mortality rates per region and income class are inferred from two global disaster data sets and linked through flood exposure to estimate country average annual figures. Estimates of flood impacts are then disaggregated according to the seasonal variability of floods, derived statistically from a global hydrological reanalysis for the years 1980–2018. Global human exposure from river floods is here estimated at 54 million people per year. Summer floods in Asia are the main cause of mortality from river floods, accounting for 63% of the 6,120 casualties per year globally. In contrast, the 6 months between November and April contribute to only 13% of global mortality, mostly due to floods in South America and Africa.
Climate Change Effects on Agricultural Production: The Regional and Sectoral Economic Consequences in China
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Ning , Zhang Zhengtao , Huang Chengfang , Chen Xi , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate is an essential element in agricultural production, and climate change inevitably have an impact on agriculture. Assessing the economic consequences of climate change requires comprehensive assessments of the impact chain from climate to crops and the economy. In our previous study, we derived a dose‐response function to estimate the response of crop yields to climate variables through a systematic review. In this paper, a dynamic multiregional input‐output model is established to assess the economic consequences of changes in agricultural production on China's regional and sectoral levels. The results show that (1) the direct economic damage is equivalent to 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) which implies the resulting economic cascade effect (ECE) that amounts to 17.8% of China's GDP. At the end of 21st century, the ECE is −0.1% to 13.6% of GDP (negative values indicate economic gains) without considering CO2 fertilization effect, of which the ECE in the most pessimistic pathway are equivalent to the total agricultural output in China today. (2) Regional‐level results show an uneven distribution of economic impact in China, which is related to the regional economic development. The least developed region in China experiences 2.8 to 8.5 times more ECE caused by climate change than the most developed region. (3) Sector‐level results show that agriculture is still the main affected sector, but in developed regions, manufacturing and services also bear part of the ECE.
Early‐Warning Signals for Critical Temperature Transitions
Authors: Wang Chenghao , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Sun Linda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCritical transitions of the state variable (temperature) in dynamic climate systems often lead to catastrophic consequence, whereas the effort to reverse the transitions usually lags behind. However, these transitions are characterized by the slowing down of recovery from perturbations, carrying early‐warning signals that can be used to predict system bifurcation. In this study, we employ the conceptual framework of pitchfork bifurcation and analyze the early‐warning signals in temperature time series for critical slowing down prior to both the early 20th century global warming and heat waves. We also investigate the urban signature in these heat waves. The emergence of early‐warning signals before heat waves provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms (e.g., possible feedback via land‐atmosphere interactions). In particular, given the increasing frequency and intensity of heat extremes, the results will facilitate the design of countermeasures to reserve the tipping and restore the resilience of climate systems.
Active Faulting, Submarine Surface Rupture, and Seismic Migration Along the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System, Patagonian Andes
Authors: Villalobos Angelo , Easton Gabriel , Maksymowicz Andrei , Ruiz Sergio , Lastras Galderic , De Pascale Gregory P. , Agurto‐Detzel Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe intra‐arc Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) is an active transpressive fault zone located in the Patagonian Andes of Chile. In 2007, a seismic sequence occurred in the Aysén Fjord region of Chilean Patagonia along the LOFS, with a Mw 6.2 main earthquake that triggered dozens of landslides, some of which induced tsunami waves that caused severe damage and casualties. Through the analysis of high‐resolution seismic reflection and bathymetric data, we identify six submarine faults cutting the Late Quaternary postglacial sedimentary infill of the fjord. The most conspicuous are the dextral‐normal NE‐SW striking Quitralco fault (QF) and the N‐S striking strike‐slip Río Cuervo (RCF) and Punta Cola faults (PCF). Our paleoseismological analysis reveals at least seven paleolandslide events buried in the fjord sediments that were triggered by local paleoearthquakes, which occurred since local ice sheet retreat, that is, circa 12 kyr. By combining tectonic observations with local seismicity data, we propose a seismotectonic model for the evolution of the 2007 seismic sequence where three structures were progressively activated from the depth toward the upper continental crust, causing surface rupture along the PCF and with earthquakes, suggesting only partial ruptures along other faults. Because the other faults did not rupture to the seafloor they remain important sources of seismic hazard. Thus, the last seismic sequence was a consequence of a stress transfer from the lower‐ductile toward the upper‐brittle continental crust, close to the triple junction of the Nazca, South American, and Antarctica Plates. Our results emphasize on the potential synergies between multiple geological and geophysical methods to assess complex events.
The stability of P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides in ambient atmospheres
Authors: Zuo Wenhua , Qiu Jimin , Liu Xiangsi , Ren Fucheng , Liu Haodong , He Huajin , Luo Chong , Li Jialin , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Duan Huanan , Liu Jinping , Wang Ming-Sheng , Li Yangxing , Fu Riqiang , Yang Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAir-stability is one of the most important considerations for the practical application of electrode materials in energy-harvesting/storage devices, ranging from solar cells to rechargeable batteries. The promising P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides (P2-NaxTmO2) often suffer from structural/chemical transformations when contacted with moist air. However, these elaborate transitions and the evaluation rules towards air-stable P2-NaxTmO2 have not yet been clearly elucidated. Herein, taking P2-Na0.67MnO2 and P2-Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 as key examples, we unveil the comprehensive structural/chemical degradation mechanisms of P2-NaxTmO2 in different ambient atmospheres by using various microscopic/spectroscopic characterizations and first-principle calculations. The extent of bulk structural/chemical transformation of P2-NaxTmO2 is determined by the amount of extracted Na+, which is mainly compensated by Na+/H+ exchange. By expanding our study to a series of Mn-based oxides, we reveal that the air-stability of P2-NaxTmO2 is highly related to their oxidation features in the first charge process and further propose a practical evaluating rule associated with redox couples for air-stable NaxTmO2 cathodes.
Quantum effect-based flexible and transparent pressure sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and sensing density
Authors: Shi Lan , Li Zhuo , Chen Min , Qin Yajie , Jiang Yizhou , Wu Limin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough high-performance flexible pressure sensors have been extensively investigated in recent years owing to their diverse applications in biomedical and information technologies, fabricating ultrasensitive sensors with high pixel density based on current transduction mechanisms still remains great challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a design idea based on Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling effect for fabrication of pressure sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and sensing density by spin-coating extremely low urchin-like hollow carbon spheres (less than 1.5 wt.%) dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane, which is distinct from the current transduction mechanisms. This sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 260.3 kPa−1 at 1 Pa, a proof-of-concept demonstration of a high sensing density of 400 cm−2, high transparency and temperature noninterference. In addition, it can be fabricated by an industrially viable and scalable spin-coating method, providing an efficient avenue for realizing large-scale production and application of ultrahigh sensitivity flexible pressure sensors on various surfaces and in in vivo environments.
A high performance wearable strain sensor with advanced thermal management for motion monitoring
Authors: Tan Cenxiao , Dong Zhigang , Li Yehua , Zhao Haiguang , Huang Xingyi , Zhou Zhaocai , Jiang Jin-Wu , Long Yun-Ze , Jiang Pingkai , Zhang Tong-Yi , Sun Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResistance change under mechanical stimuli arouses mass operational heat, damaging the performance, lifetime, and reliability of stretchable electronic devices, therefore rapid thermal heat dissipating is necessary. Here we report a stretchable strain sensor with outstanding thermal management. Besides a high stretchability and sensitivity testified by human motion monitoring, as well as long-term durability, an enhanced thermal conductivity from the casted thermoplastic polyurethane-boron nitride nanosheets layer helps rapid heat transmission to the environments, while the porous electrospun fibrous thermoplastic polyurethane membrane leads to thermal insulation. A 32% drop of the real time saturated temperature is achieved. For the first time we in-situ investigated the dynamic operational temperature fluctuation of stretchable electronics under repeating stretching-releasing processes. Finally, cytotoxicity test confirms that the nanofillers are tightly restricted in the nanocomposites, making it harmless to human health. All the results prove it an excellent candidate for the next-generation of wearable devices.
Co-option of Plasmodium falciparum PP1 for egress from host erythrocytes
Authors: Paul Aditya S. , Miliu Alexandra , Paulo Joao A. , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Bonilla Arianna M. , Berry Laurence , Seveno Marie , Braun-Breton Catherine , Kosber Aziz L. , Elsworth Brendan , Arriola Jose S. N. , Lebrun Maryse , Gygi Steven P. , Lamarque Mauld H. , Duraisingh Manoj T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsexual proliferation of the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria follows a developmental program that alternates non-canonical intraerythrocytic replication with dissemination to new host cells. We carried out a functional analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum homolog of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PfPP1), a universally conserved cell cycle factor in eukaryotes, to investigate regulation of parasite proliferation. PfPP1 is indeed required for efficient replication, but is absolutely essential for egress of parasites from host red blood cells. By phosphoproteomic and chemical-genetic analysis, we isolate two functional targets of PfPP1 for egress: a HECT E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase; and GCα, a fusion protein composed of a guanylyl cyclase and a phospholipid transporter domain. We hypothesize that PfPP1 regulates lipid sensing by GCα and find that phosphatidylcholine stimulates PfPP1-dependent egress. PfPP1 acts as a key regulator that integrates multiple cell-intrinsic pathways with external signals to direct parasite egress from host cells.
Hybrid exciton-plasmon-polaritons in van der Waals semiconductor gratings
Authors: Zhang Huiqin , Abhiraman Bhaskar , Zhang Qing , Miao Jinshui , Jo Kiyoung , Roccasecca Stefano , Knight Mark W. , Davoyan Artur R. , Jariwala Deep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVan der Waals materials and heterostructures that manifest strongly bound exciton states at room temperature also exhibit emergent physical phenomena and are of great promise for optoelectronic applications. Here, we demonstrate that nanostructured, multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by themselves provide an ideal platform for excitation and control of excitonic modes, paving the way to exciton-photonics. Hence, we show that by patterning the TMDCs into nanoresonators, strong dispersion and avoided crossing of exciton, cavity photons and plasmon polaritons with effective separation energy exceeding 410 meV can be controlled with great precision. We further observe that inherently strong TMDC exciton absorption resonances may be completely suppressed due to excitation of hybrid light-matter states and their interference. Our work paves the way to the next generation of integrated exciton optoelectronic nano-devices and applications in light generation, computing, and sensing.