bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral elimination is essential for improving surgical outcomes of hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma: Multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Nakajima Masao , Kobayashi Shogo , Wada Hiroshi , Tomokuni Akira , Takahashi Hidenori , Noda Takehiro , Matsui Hiroto , Matsukuma Satoshi , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Shindo Yoshitaro , Tokumitsu Yukio , Nakagami Yuki , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Tanabe Masahiro , Ito Katsuyoshi , Hoshii Yoshinobu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe impact of sustained virologic response (SVR) on surgical outcomes for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of SVR on long‐term surgical outcomes after hepatectomy.MethodsThis multicenter study included 504 patients who underwent curative resection for HCV‐related HCC. Patients with a history of HCC treatment, HBV infection, poor liver function, and tumor with major vascular invasion were excluded. Long‐term surgical outcomes (overall survival [OS] and recurrence‐free survival [RFS]) among patients who achieved SVR before hepatectomy (Pre‐SVR group: 58 patients), after hepatectomy (Post‐SVR group: 54 patients), and without SVR (Non‐SVR group: 186 patients) were compared after adjusting for 13 confounding factors. Using the surgically resected specimens, comparison of the pathological changes in liver fibrosis between the first and second hepatectomy were analyzed.ResultsPatients with SVR were younger, had better liver function, and less liver fibrosis compared to patients without SVR. Propensity score‐matched OS and RFS were significantly better in Pre‐SVR group than Non‐SVR group (P = .029 and P = .009, respectively). Inverse probability‐weighted OS and RFS were also significantly better in the Post‐SVR group (P = .001 and P = .021, respectively) than in the Non‐SVR group. Histopathological evaluation revealed that only the patients with SVR had regression of liver fibrosis (P < .05).ConclusionAchievement of SVR before or after hepatectomy is essential for improving long‐term surgical outcomes in patients with HCV‐related HCC.
Work safety culture of Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Quandt Sara A. , Arnold Taylor J. , Chen Haiying , Sandberg Joanne C. , Kearney Gregory D. , Daniel Stephanie S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle research has addressed the safety environment of child farmworkers. This analysis examines the work safety culture experienced by Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina.MethodsSurvey interviews were conducted in 2017 with 202 Latinx children aged 10 to 17 years employed on North Carolina farms. Analysis included measures of the behavioral, situational, and psychological elements of work safety culture.ResultsThe work culture on North Carolina farms employing Latinx child farmworkers places limited value on safety. Behaviorally, many did not wear appropriate work clothing (eg, 47.5% wore gloves, 37.1% wore boots). Situationally, few received safety training for tools (40.6%), machinery (24.3%), or pesticides (26.0%); about one‐third (33.7%) had worked piece‐rate; and many did not have field sanitation services available (eg, 37.1% had water for washing, 19.8% had soap). Safety attitudes were mixed, and work safety climate was low, with 21.8% stating that their supervisor was only interested in doing the job fast and cheaply. Greater safety training, field sanitation services, and work safety climate were associated with working in western North Carolina, migrant workers, limited English fluency, and working in tomatoes. Wearing appropriate work clothing, not working piece‐rate, fewer unsafe work attitudes were associated with working in eastern North Carolina, seasonal worker, speaking English, and working in tobacco.ConclusionsThis study makes it apparent that efforts are needed to improve safety culture wherever child farmworkers are employed. Current policy is not providing a safe environment for children working on farms in the United States.
Association of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with transverse venous sinus stenosis: a retrospective matched case‐control study
Authors: Bedarida Vincent , Labeyrie Marc‐Antoine , Eliezer Michael , Saint‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Jourdaine Clément , Gargalas Sergios , Herman Philippe , Houdart Emmanuel , Verillaud Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA significant proportion of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The aim of this study was to assess the association between sCSF rhinorrhea and transverse venous sinus stenosis (VSS), a feature commonly observed in IIH with a proposed role in its pathophysiology.MethodsIn this single‐center, retrospective, matched case‐control study, venous and pituitary imaging data of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for sCSF rhinorrhea over the last 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Measurement of the height of the pituitary gland was used to assess empty sella and VSS was quantified as the ratio between the minimal area of the transverse sinus and the cross‐sectional area of the sigmoid sinus. VSS was considered significant when it was ≥50% and bilateral. Cases were compared with 1:1 age‐ and sex‐adjusted controls explored for causes other than IIH, intracranial mass effect, or venous thrombosis.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were included (median age 56 years, females 69%, body mass index [BMI] 33.8 kg/m2). Cases had a significantly lower height of the pituitary gland than controls (2.5 mm vs 6.6 mm, p < 0.001). Bilateral VSS was found in 23 of 29 cases (79%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65% to 94%) vs 3 of 29 controls (10%; 95% CI, 0% to 21%), with p < 0.001.ConclusionIn this retrospective study, sCSF leaks were strongly associated with VSS. This novel finding provides a rationale for further investigation of the role of VSS in the onset of sCSF leaks and of the potential interest in venous stenting after the surgical repair of leaks.
DMSO‐Enabled Selective Radical O−H Activation of 1,3(4)‐Diols
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Zhang Ziyao , Jin Rui , Liu Jianzhong , Liu Guoquan , Han Bing , Jiao Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControl of selectivity is one of the central topics in organic chemistry. Although unprecedented alkoxyl‐radical‐induced transformations have drawn a lot of attention, compared to selective C−H activation, selective radical O−H activation remains less explored. Herein, we report a novel selective radical O−H activation strategy of diols by combining spatial effects with proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). It was found that DMSO is an essential reagent that enables the regioselective transformation of diols. Mechanistic studies indicated the existence of the alkoxyl radical and the selective interaction between DMSO and hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the distal C−C cleavage was realized by this selective alkoxyl‐radical‐initiation protocol.
Kooperative NHC‐ und Photoredox‐Katalyse zur Synthese β‐trifluormethylierter Alkylarylketone
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yuan , Döben Nadine , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrotz des großen Potentials der Radikalchemie in der organischen Synthese, sind N‐heterozyklische Carben (NHC)‐katalysierte Reaktionen, die radikalische Intermediate durchlaufen, kaum erforscht. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird eine Dreikomponentenkupplung von Aroylfluoriden, Styrolen und dem Langlois‐Reagenz (CF3SO2Na) beschrieben. Kooperative Photoredox/NHC‐Katalyse führt in mäßigen bis hohen Ausbeuten zu β‐trifluormethylierten Alkylarylketonen mit guter funktioneller Gruppentoleranz. Die Alkenacyltrifluormethylierung läuft über Kreuzkupplung von Ketyl‐ mit benzylischen Radikalen ab. Die Ketylradikale werden dabei über SET‐Reduktion von in situ erzeugten Acylazoliumionen gebildet und die benzylischen Radikale resultieren aus einer CF3‐Radikaladdition an das Alken.
Stabilisierung planarer Cyclopenten‐4‐yl‐Kationen durch Hyperkonjugation und π‐Delokalisierung
Authors: Nees Samuel , Kupfer Thomas , Hofmann Alexander , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTheoretischen Untersuchungen zufolge stellt das planare Cyclopenten‐4‐yl‐Kation das energetisch ungünstigste C5H7+‐Isomer dar und ist am ehesten als klassisches Carbokation zu beschreiben, wobei dessen Existenz experimentell bislang noch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Durch Umsetzung sterisch überfrachteter Alane vom Typ CpRAlBr2 mit AlBr3 ist uns nun die Isolierung zweier stabiler Derivate des Cyclopenten‐4‐yl‐Kations gelungen. Untersuchungen zu deren (elektronischer) Struktur (XRD, QM) offenbarten planare Geometrien und starke Hyperkonjugationswechselwirkungen zwischen den C‐Al‐σ‐Bindungen und dem unbesetzten p‐Orbital der kationischen sp2‐Kohlenstoffzentren. Die Analyse der Molekülorbitale (MOs), der Anisotropie der induzierten Stromdichte (ACID) sowie verschiedener Aromatizitätsdeskriptoren deuten hierbei auf ein hohes Maß an Delokalisierung und π‐Aromatizität in diesen Systemen hin, was einer klassischen Beschreibung grundlegend widerspricht. Unsere Cyclopenten‐4‐yl‐Kationen gehören somit zu den wenigen Beispielen aromatischer Carbocyclen, in denen eine Delokalisierung der π‐Elektronen über gesättigte sp3‐Kohlenstoffatome hinweg beobachtet wird.
Regiodivergent C−H and Decarboxylative C−C Alkylation by Ruthenium Catalysis: ortho versus meta Position‐Selectivity
Authors: Korvorapun Korkit , Moselage Marc , Struwe Julia , Rogge Torben , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRuthenium(II)biscarboxylate complexes enabled the selective alkylation of C−H and C−C bonds at the ortho‐ or meta‐position. ortho‐C−H Alkylations were achieved with 4‐, 5‐ as well as 6‐membered halocycloalkanes. Furthermore, the judicious choice of the directing group allowed for a full control of ortho‐/meta‐selectivities. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation were performed and provided strong support for an oxidative addition/reductive elimination process for ortho‐alkylations, while a homolytic C−X cleavage was operative for the meta‐selective transformations.
Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di‐2,7‐naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1)
Authors: Szyszko Bartosz , Rymut Paweł , Matviyishyn Maksym , Białońska Agata , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDi‐2,7‐naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), a non‐aromatic carba‐analogue of the hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), incorporating two built‐in 2,7‐naphthylene moieties was synthesized as two separate, conformationally locked stereoisomers. Both conformers followed complex protonation pathways involving structurally different species, which can be targeted under kinetic and thermodynamic control. The neutralization of the ultimate dicationic product, accessible from both stereoisomers of the free base, allowed to realize the complex conformational switching cycle involving six structurally different species.
Smart Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Nucleic Acid‐Based Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ramasamy Thiruganesh , Munusamy Shankar , Ruttala Hima Bindu , Kim Jong Oh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNucleic acid‐based therapies are promising therapeutics for the treatment of several systemic disorders, and they offer an exciting opportunity to address emerging biological challenges. The scope of nucleic acid‐based therapeutics in the treatment of multiple disease states including cancers has been widened by recent progress in Ribonucleic acids (RNA) biology. However, cascades of systemic and intracellular barriers, including rapid degradation, renal clearance, and poor cellular uptake, hinder the clinical effectiveness of nucleic acid‐based therapies. These barriers can be circumvented by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers that efficiently deliver and release the encapsulated nucleic acids into the target tissues. This review describes the current status of clinical trials on nucleic acid‐based therapeutics and highlights representative examples that provide an overview on the current and emerging trends in nucleic acid‐based therapies. A better understanding of the design of advanced nanocarriers is essential to promote the translation of therapeutic nucleic acids into a clinical reality.
Development and validation of a clinicopathological‐based nomogram to predict seeding risk after percutaneous thermal ablation of primary liver carcinoma
Authors: An Chao , Huang Zhimei , Ni Jiayan , Zuo Mengxuan , Jiang Yiquan , Zhang Tianqi , Huang Jin‐Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a clinicopathological‐based nomogram to improve the prediction of the seeding risk of after percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) in primary liver carcinoma (PLC).MethodsA total of 2030 patients with PLC who underwent PTA were included between April 2009 and December 2018. The patients were grouped into a training dataset (n = 1024) and an external validation dataset (n = 1006). Baseline characteristics were collected to identify the risk factors of seeding after PTA. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model based on the risk factors was used to develop the nomogram, which was used for assessment for its predictive accuracy using mainly the Harrell's C‐index and receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 30.3 months (range, 3.2‐115.7 months). The seeding risk was 0.89% per tumor and 1.5% per patient in the training set. The nomogram was developed based on tumor size, subcapsular, α‐fetoprotein (AFP), and international normalized ratio (INR). The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year cumulative seeding rates were 0.1%, 0.7% and 1.2% in the low‐risk group, and 1.7%, 6.3% and 6.3% in the high‐risk group, respectively, showing significant statistical difference (P < .001). The nomogram had good calibration and discriminatory abilities in the training set, with C‐indexes of 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.661, 0.883) and AUC of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.767, 0.934). External validation with 1000 bootstrapped sample sets showed a good C‐index of 0.706 (95% CI: 0.546, 0.866) and AUC of 0.736 (95% CI: 0. 646, 0.827).ConclusionsThe clinicopathological‐based nomogram could be used to quantify the probability of seeding risk after PTA in PLC.
PR10/Bet v1‐like Proteins as Novel Contributors to Plant Biochemical Diversity
Authors: Morris Jeremy S. , Caldo Kristian Mark P. , Liang Siyu , Facchini Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins constitute a broad class of plant proteins with analogues found throughout nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. PR proteins were first noted in plants as part of the hypersensitive response, but have since been assigned an array of biological roles. The PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins are a subset of PR proteins characterized by an ability to bind a wide range of lipophilic ligands, uniquely positioning them as contributors to specialized biosynthetic pathways. PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins participate in the production of plant alkaloids and phenolics including flavonoids, both as general binding proteins and in special cases as catalysts. Owing initially to the perceived allergenic properties of PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins, many were studied at the structural level to elucidate the basis for ligand binding. These studies provided a foundation for more recent efforts to understand higher‐level structural order and how PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins catalyse key reactions in plant pathways. Synthetic biology aimed at reconstituting plant‐specialized metabolism in microorganisms uses knowledge of these proteins to fine‐tune performance in new systems.
Endocrinopathies in Aicardi Goutières syndrome—A descriptive case series
Authors: Worth Chris , Briggs Tracy A , Padidela Raja , Balmer Eleanor , Skae Mars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus present in children with Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) often years after disease onset and frequently resolve spontaneously. Screening and regular reassessment for both conditions are recommended in all children with AGS.
Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines under Mild Conditions Using Metal‐Organic Framework Derived NiO@Ni Mott‐Schottky Catalyst
Authors: Goel Bharat , Vyas Ved , Tripathi Nancy , Kumar Singh Ajit , Menezes Prashanth W. , Indra Arindam , Jain Shreyans K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere we report a facile method for the synthesis of nickel oxide‐nickel (NiO@Ni) Mott‐Schottky catalyst employing metal‐organic framework (MOF) as the precursor. A direct amidation protocol of aldehydes with amines has been optimized under mild conditions using NiO@Ni Mott‐Schottky catalyst and it shows far better catalytic activity than the NiO−Ni nanoparticles prepared from simple Ni2+ salt under similar reaction conditions. The heterogeneous catalyst is robust, recyclable and efficient to provide comparable yield to costly ligand‐based homogeneous Ni catalysts. The scope of the reaction protocol has been explored with variably substituted substrates. The reaction initiates by homolytic cleavage of peroxide and proceeds through radical mechanism.
Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐2,6‐Disubstituted‐4‐methylene Tetrahydropyrans via Chromium Catalysis†
Authors: Bai Jing , Chen Bin , Zhang Guozhu 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionEnantioenriched 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐methylene tetrahydropyrans have been obtained via a two‐step sequence consisting of a highly enantioselective chromium‐catalyzed carbonyl 2‐(trimethylsilyl methyl)allylation and Prins cyclization. Commercially available (2‐(chloromethyl)allyl)trimethylsilane serves as the bifunctional linchpin to combine two aldehydes to assemble the 2,6‐disubstituted pyrans. A variety of functional groups are compatible under the mild reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of 16 examples of homoallylic alcohol and 8 examples of 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐methylene tetrahydropyrans, including an advanced intermediate which could be transformed to natural product centrolobine via a known procedure.
Optimizing execution for pipelined‐based distributed deep learning in a heterogeneously networked GPU cluster
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Zhan Jun , Li Jiange , Jin Jiahui , Qian Lei 
Published: July 2020

SummaryExorbitant resources (computing and memory) are required to train a deep neural network (DNN). Often researchers deploy an approach that uses distributed parallel training to acquire larger models faster on GPUs. This approach has its detriments, though; on one hand, a GPU's expanded capacity to compute also produces bigger bottlenecks in inter‐GPU's communications during model training, and multi‐GPU systems lead to complex connectivity. Workload schedulers then end up having to consider hardware topology and requirements for workload communication, in hopes of allocating GPU resources to optimize execution time and improve usage in a heterogeneous environment. On the other hand, the high memory requirements to train a DNN model make running the training processes on GPUs onerous. To contend with this, we introduce two execution optimization methods based on pipeline‐hybrid parallelism (using both data and model parallelism) in a GPU cluster with heterogeneous networking. First, we propose a model partition algorithm that accelerates pipeline‐hybrid parallelism training between heterogeneously network‐connected GPUs. Second, we introduce a cost‐balanced recomputing algorithm to reduce memory usage in the pipeline mode. Experiments show that our solution (Pipe‐Torch) averages a speedup of 1.4× compared with data parallelism, and reduces the memory footprint while maintaining pipelined load‐balanced training.
A novel data partitioning algorithm for dynamic energy optimization on heterogeneous high‐performance computing platforms
Authors: Khaleghzadeh Hamidreza , Fahad Muhammad , Reddy Manumachu Ravi , Lastovetsky Alexey 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEnergy is one of the most important objectives for optimization on modern heterogeneous high‐performance computing (HPC) platforms. The tight integration of multicore CPUs with accelerators such as graphical processing units (GPUs) and Xeon Phi coprocessors in these platforms presents several challenges to the optimization of multithreaded data‐parallel applications for energy. In this work, the problem of optimization of data‐parallel applications on heterogeneous HPC platforms for dynamic energy through workload distribution is formulated. We propose a workload partitioning algorithm to solve this problem. It employs load‐imbalancing technique to determine the workload distribution minimizing the dynamic energy consumption of the parallel execution of an application. The inputs to the algorithm are discrete dynamic energy profiles of individual computing devices. The profiles are practically constructed using an approach that accurately models the energy consumption by execution of a hybrid scientific data‐parallel application on a heterogeneous platform containing different computing devices such as CPU, GPU, and Xeon Phi. The proposed algorithm is experimentally analyzed using two multithreaded data‐parallel applications, matrix multiplication and 2D fast Fourier transform. The load‐imbalanced solutions provided by the algorithm achieve significant dynamic energy reductions for the two applications (in average by 130% and 44%, respectively) compared with the load‐balanced solutions.
A deep learning model for mining and detecting causally related events in tweets
Authors: Kayesh Humayun , Islam Md. Saiful , Wang Junhu , Kayes A.S.M. , Watters Paul A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, public gatherings and social events are an integral part of a modern city life. To run such events seamlessly, it requires real time mining and monitoring of causally related events so that the management can make informed decisions and take appropriate actions. The automatic detection of event causality from short text such as tweets could be useful for event management in this context. However, detecting event causality from tweets is a challenging task. Tweets are short, unstructured, and often written in highly informal language which lacks enough contextual information to detect causality. The existing approaches apply different techniques including hand‐crafted linguistic rules and machine learning models. However, none of the approaches tackle the issue related to the lack of contextual information. In this paper, we detect event causality in tweets by applying a context word extension technique and a deep causal event detection model. The context word extension technique is driven by background knowledge extracted from one million news articles. Our model achieves 79.35% recall and 67.28% f1‐score, which are 17.39% and 2.33% improvements to the state‐of‐the‐art approach.
Wearable sensor networks: A measurement study
Authors: Bujari Armir , Gaggi Ombretta , Palazzi Claudio E. , Quadrio Giacomo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWearable technology is no longer science fiction. Thanks to the growing capability in the production chain to miniaturize complex electronics, a wide variety of gadgets that can be worn or included in dresses and accessories have emerged. These smart gadgets can collect data about the physical condition of the user and/or the environment providing the basis for innovative and valuable services. The main goal of this paper is to assess this context through field experiments undertaken in a testbed comprised of sensing hardware deployed on open source boards such as Arduino. Moreover, coupled with the sensing tier, we propose a proof‐of‐concept deployment architecture enabling a wide range of wearable sensors to collect and transmit data to a logically centralized unit.